bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiral Carbon Nanorings: Synthesis, Properties and Hierarchical Self‐assembly of Chiral Ternary Complexes Featuring a Narcissistic Chiral Self‐Recognition for Chiral Amines
Authors: Fan Yanqing , He Jing , Liu Lin , Liu Guoqin , Guo Shengzhu , Lian Zhe , Li Xiaonan , Guo Weijie , Chen Xuebo , Wang Ying , Jiang Hua
Published: May 2023

We report the synthesis and chiroptical properties of novel chiral carbon nanorings Sp‐/Rp‐[12]PCPP containing a planar chiral [2.2]PCP unit, and demonstrate that Sp‐/Rp‐[12]PCPP can not only host crown ether 18‐Crown‐6 to form ring‐in‐ring complexes with a binding constant 3.35×103 M−1, but also accommodate the complexes of 18‐Crown‐6 and S/R‐protonated amines to form homochiral S@Sp‐/R@Rp‐ and heterochiral S@Rp‐/R@Sp‐ ternary complexes, displaying significantly larger binding constants of up to 3.31×105 M−1 depending on the chiral guests. Importantly, homochiral S@Sp‐/R@Rp‐ ternary complexes exhibit an enhanced CD signal, while the heterochiral S@Rp‐/R@Sp‐ ones have a constant CD signal compared with the chiral carbon nanorings, respectively, which suggests that homochiral S@Sp‐/R@Rp‐ ternary complexes display a highly narcissistic chiral self‐recognition for S/R‐protonated chiral amines, respectively. Finally, the chiral ternary complexes can be further applied to determine the ee values of chiral guests. The findings highlight a new application of carbon nanorings in supramolecular sensors, beyond the common recognition of π‐conjugated molecules.
Truce‐Smiles Rearrangement of Diaryliodonium Salts in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wang Yu , Pan Wanying , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei
Published: May 2023

The Truce‐Smiles rearrangement is an intramolecular SNAr reaction, enabling the formation of a new arene carbon‐carbon bond with sufficiently strong carbon‐centered nucleophile. Reported here are ortho‐tosylmethylene functionalized diaryliodonium salts, which can undergo an unprecedented Truce‐Smiles rearrangement in ionic liquids, resulting in sulfonyl‐substituted ortho‐iodo diarylmethanes as a powerful class of building blocks in chemical synthesis. The protocol features aryliodo moiety as a hyper nucleofuge, facilitating the formation of Meisenheimer complex within the migratory system.
Activatable Semiconducting Polymer Pro‐nanomodulators for Deep‐Tissue Sono‐immunotherapy of Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li Jingchao , Yu Ningyue , Cui Dong , Huang Jiaguo , Luo Yu , Pu Kanyi
Published: May 2023

Immunotherapy has provided a promising modality for cancer treatment, while it often has the issues of limited response rates and potential off‐target side effects in clinical practice. We herein report the construction of semiconducting polymer pro‐nanomodulators (SPpMs) with ultrasound (US)‐mediated activatable pharmacological actions for deep‐tissue sono‐immunotherapy of orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Such SPpMs consist of a sonodynamic semiconducting polymer backbone grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) chains linked with two immunomodulators (a programmed death‐ligand 1 blocker and an indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase inhibitor) via a singlet oxygen (1O2)‐cleavable segment. In view of the excellent sonodynamic property of the semiconducting polymer core, SPpMs enable effective generation of 1O2 under US treatment, even in a deep‐tissue depth up to 12 cm. The generated 1O2 not only ablates tumors via a sonodynamic effect and induces immunogenic cell death, but also destroys the 1O2‐cleavable segments to allow in situ release of immunomodulators in tumors. This synergetic action results in boosted antitumor immune response via reversing two tumor immunosuppressive pathways. As such, SPpMs mediate deep‐tissue sono‐immunotherapy to completely eradicate orthotopic pancreatic cancer and effectively prevent tumor metastasis. Moreover, such an immune activation reduces the possibility of immune‐related adverse events. This study thus provides a smart activatable nanoplatform for precise immunotherapy of deep‐seated tumors.
The Kedzie center: Community‐immersed mental health from the ground up
Authors: Burke Nancy , Sedeño Angela
Published: May 2023

The Kedzie Center, a psychodynamically‐informed community mental health center on Chicago's northwest side, was created through a truly innovative strategy for funding urban mental health services. Legislation in Illinois allows areas of the city to vote by referendum to levy a tax, calculated as 0.4% of property taxes, to support needed clinics directly, of which Kedzie is the first of (currently) four. Each of the six referenda put forward thus far under the Expanded Mental Health Services Act won a landslide endorsement from the voters in its catchment area, who feel ownership and investment in the services they have created. A small group of psychoanalytically‐oriented clinicians was chosen by a governing commission made up of appointee community members to run the first EMHS clinic. Since its creation 7 years ago, the Kedzie Center has offered a test case for the success of the EMHS Act, and has been able to use the flexibility its funding model affords to provide long‐term primary, ancillary and coordinated care that is tailored to the community it serves. Yet its success as a vibrant hub for this diverse and challenged urban area has not immunized it from the difficulties involved in creating an integrated community psychoanalysis. Kedzie's success has come with both tension and growth regarding its mission, its staff development and its role in the wider community.
Incremental adaptive fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle maneuver control with nonlinear disturbance observer: A finite‐time approach
Authors: Cao Su , Wang Xiangke , Yu Huangchao
Published: May 2023

This article proposes a versatile controller based on the incremental strategy to explore a finite‐time (FT) solution of fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) maneuver control considering the lumped disturbances such as unmodeled dynamics or exogenous perturbations. First, a finite‐time nonlinear disturbance observer augmented with a neural network item is developed to attenuate the adverse effect of the disturbances mentioned above. Then considering the estimated lumped disturbance, a finite‐time incremental controller in the quaternion form is proposed. Rigorous proof shows that the nonlinear disturbance observer and controller achieve finite‐time convergence. In the numerical simulation, the superiority of the proposed method compared to several advanced nonlinear control approaches is illustrated, despite the mismatches in aerodynamic coefficients, wind gusts, and actuator failures. Furthermore, based on a novel model identification approach, a hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HITL) experiment is performed in a high‐fidelity environment, wherein our method's feasibility and practicability are verified.
Germ‐cell‐specific transcriptome analysis illuminates the chromatin and ubiquitin pathway in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Furukawa Sawako , Nomura Jun , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Maegawa Hiroko , Takumi Toru
Published: May 2023

Accumulating epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between advanced paternal age at conception and the increased risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their children. Recent biological studies using human sperm have identified increased de novo mutations in aged fathers, and hyper‐ or hypomethylation has been identified in the sperm from aged rodents. Dysregulation of DNA methylation in sperm may explain the transgenerational effects on the pathogenesis of ASD. However, compared to these epigenetic changes in the sperm of aged males, the effects of inherited predisposition from germ cells are largely unknown. Here, we use single‐cell transcriptome data sets from 13 cell lines, including 12 ASD‐associated CNVs models and control, that are performed neural differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells. This study performed comprehensive bioinformatic analyses such as gene ontology (GO), network, pathway, and upstream regulator analyses. Through these analyses, we identify several susceptible pathways, such as chromatin and ubiquitin, in addition to translational and oxidative phosphorylation. Our results suggest that dysregulation of epigenetic chromosome remodeling and ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in the germ cell is a possible modulator for subsequent differentiated cells, sperm, and egg, as a risk factor for the neurodevelopmental disorder.
A core syllabus for histology within the medical curriculum – The cardiovascular and lymphoid systems, the respiratory and digestive systems, and the integument
Authors: Cui Dongmei , Moxham Bernard John
Published: May 2023

Medical courses worldwide are undergoing significant curricular changes, including the teaching and learning of histology. In order to set international standards for the anatomical sciences, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) is developing core anatomical syllabuses by means of Delphi panels. Already published is a core syllabus for the teaching of the cell and the basic tissues within medicine. Here, we record the deliberations of an IFAA Delphi panel commissioned to develop core subject matter for the teaching within a medical histology course of the cardiovascular and lymphatic circulatory system, the lymphoid, respiratory, and digestive systems, and the integument. The Delphi panel was comprised of academics from multiple countries who were required to review relevant histological topics/items by evaluating each topic as being either “Essential,” “Important,” “Acceptable,” or “Not required.” Topics that were rated by over 60% of the panelists as being “Essential” are reported in this paper as being core topics for the teaching of medical histology. Also reported are topics that, while not reaching the threshold for being designated as core material, may be recommended or not required within the curriculum.
Correlation as a measure for alignment and similarity of human motions
Authors: Randall Mathew , Harvey Carlo , Williams Ian
Published: May 2023

The ability to measure similarity and alignment of motions is a key tool in motion retrieval and motion editing. Similarity metrics based on distance functions are often utilized when measuring similarity of human motions, however, metrics based on correlation can also potentially useful for measuring similarity and alignment. This paper evaluates the use of correlation as a method of measuring the alignment and similarity of human motion and compares them against more established distance‐based metrics. Three correlation methods and five methods of parameterising rotation are evaluated. The results show that parameterization based on displacement vectors and Kendall Tau rank correlation are optimal for measuring the alignment between two motions. If measuring similarity of motions, however, an approach based on distance metrics for angular or positional distance should be used.
Category ratio: A search for an optimal solution to reduce choice overload
Authors: Sharma Arun , Nair Shreekumar K.
Published: May 2023

This paper endeavors to find an optimal solution to alleviate the harmful consequences of choice overload using assortment categorization. Past research on assortment categorization has primarily studied the type of category labels. Only a few studies focused on the number of category labels, and the extant research is inconclusive on the right number of labels. This paper argues that the number of options under each label is more important in reducing choice overload than the number of labels. We call the number of options under each label “category ratio”. We integrate the research from four streams to recommend an optimal range of category ratio. In a field and a lab experiment, we tested the optimal category ratio as an intervention in the reduction of choice overload. The results of both experiments found a significant reduction in choice overload for the optimal category ratio. In experiment 3, we manipulated the category ratio to test whether the optimal category ratio is better than the non‐optimal category ratio. The results of experiment 3 found that consumers experienced more satisfaction for the optimal category ratio than both uncategorized assortment and non‐optimal category ratio. Past research has found that fewer labels and uninformative categorization are not helpful in the choice process. This paper finds that a few labels are beneficial only when the category ratio is within the proposed optimal range. Uninformative labels also reduced choice overload when categorized using the optimal category ratio.
Essential Oil of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and Zingiber officinale Rosc.: A Comparative Study on Chemical Constituents, Antibacterial Activity, Biofilm Formation, and Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing System
Authors: Wira Septama Abdi , Arvia Chiara Monika , Turnip Gabriel , Nur Tasfiyati Aprilia , Triana Dewi Rizna , Anggrainy Sianipar Erlia , Jaisi Amit
Published: May 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can regulate its pathogenicity via quorum sensing (QS) system. Zingiber cassumunar and Z. officinale have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the chemical constituents, antibacterial, and QS inhibitor of Z. cassumunar essential oils (ZCEO) and Z. officinale essential oils (ZOEO). The chemical constituent was analysed using GC/MS. Broth microdilution and spectrophotometry analysis were used to evaluate their antibacterial and QS inhibitor activities. The main constituent of ZOEO with percent composition above 6 % (α‐curcumene, α‐zingiberene, β‐sesquiphellandrene, and β‐bisabolene, α‐citral, and α‐farnesene) were exist in a very minimal percentage less than 0.7 % in Z. cassumunar. All major components of ZCEO with percentages higher than 5 % (terpinen‐4‐ol, sabinene, γ‐terpinene) were present in low proportion (<1.18 %) in Z. officinale. ZCEO demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The combination of ZCEO and tetracycline showed a synergistic effect (FICI of 0.5). ZCEO exhibited strong activity in inhibiting biofilm formation. ZCEO at
MIC (62.5 μg/mL) was able to reduce pyoverdine, pyocyanin, and proteolytic activity. This is the first report on the activity of ZCEO in the inhibition of P. aeruginosa QS system and it may be used to control the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa.
Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Achillea sintenisii Hub.‐Mor
Authors: Eruygur Nuraniye , Buyukyildirim Tugsen , Tetik Rama Seyma , Ayaz Fatma , Tekin Mehmet , Tuzcu Mehmet , Akcakavak Gokhan , Abdullah Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: May 2023

Achillea (Asteraceae) species have been traditionally used for their different therapeutical properties. In this study, phytochemical composition of aerial parts of A. sintenisii which is endemic in Turkey was determined with Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). To evaluate the wound healing potential, the cream formulation prepared from A. sintenisii was tested on the linear incision wound model in mice. In vitro enzyme inhibitory activity tests were performed on elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase. In the histopathological examination, angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation were significantly increased in A. sintenisii treatment groups compared to the negative control group. As a result of this study, it is thought that the enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of the plant may contribute to the wound healing process. According to LC/MS/MS analysis result, quinic acid (24.261 μg/mg extract) and chlorogenic acid (14.97 μg/mg extract) were identified as main constituents of the extract.
A case of nocardiosis in a patient with ulcerative colitis on chronic corticosteroids, infliximab, and upadacitinib
Authors: Moy Benjamin M. , Shenoy Abhishek , Aldrich Leslie B.
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Immunosuppression, malnutrition, and underlying infection can unmask obscure infections which can be challenging to identify. Early diagnosis and treatment of infections in immunosuppressed patients are essential due to high morbidity and mortality.

The immunosuppressive effects of treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC), including chronic corticosteroids, anti‐TNF agents, and JAK inhibitors, can impact the spread of latent or obscure infections. Clinicians should have a low threshold for pursuing aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in patients who show signs of clinical deterioration while on immunosuppressing medications. Our unique case highlights an immunosuppressed patient with UC who developed Nocardiosis after initiation of upadacitinib while hospitalized for concurrent UC flare and Clostridium difficile infection.
Promoting Surface Reconstruction of Low‐Cost Stainless Steel Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Qu Chao , Gao Chang , Kong Linghui , Yin Penggang , Lin Jianjian
Published: May 2023

The development of cost‐effective transition metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for the production of hydrogen fuel from water splitting. Low‐cost and efficient stainless steel‐based catalysts are expected to replace the scarce platinum group metals for large‐scale energy applications. Here in this work, we report the conversion of commonly available inexpensive and easily accessible 434‐L stainless steel (SS) into highly active and stable electrodes by corrosion and sulfuration strategies. The NixFe1−xS layer as a pre‐catalyst and S‐doped NixFe oxyhydroxides in situ formed on the catalyst surface are the true active species for OER. The optimized 434‐L stainless steel‐based electrocatalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 298 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH with a small OER kinetics (the Tafel slope of 54.8 mV dec−1) and good stability. This work reveals the 434‐L alloy stainless steel with Fe and Cr as the main elements can be used as qualified OER catalysts by surface modification, along with a new mentality to solve the energy and resource waste problems.
Isolation, Structural and Physical Characterization as well as Reactivity of Persistent Acenium Radical Cation Salts
Authors: Sellin Malte , Seiler Matthis , Mayländer Maximilian , Kloiber Konstantin , Radke Valentin , Weber Stefan , Richert Sabine , Krossing Ingo
Published: May 2023

The unsubstituted acenium radical cations (ARCs) are extremely sensitive and were hitherto only studied in situ, i. e. in the gas phase, as dilute solutions in strong acids or by matrix isolation spectroscopy at about 10 K. In this study, room temperature stable ARC salts with the weakly coordinating anion [F{Al(ORF)3}2]− (ORF=−OC(CF3)3) supported by the weakly coordinating solvent 1,2,3,4‐tetrafluorobenzene (TFB) were prepared and structurally, electrochemically and spectroscopically characterized. Reaction of the neutral acenes with Ag+[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− led, non‐innocent,[54] to intermediate [Ag2(acene)2]2+ complexes, which decompose over time to Ag0 and the corresponding (impure) ARC salts. By contrast, direct deelectronation with the recently developed innocent[54] deelectronator radical cation salt [anthraceneHal]+⋅[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− led to phase‐pure products [acene]+⋅[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− (anthraceneHal=9,10‐dichlorooctafluoroanthracene; acene=anthra‐, tetra‐, pentacene). For the first time, a homogenous set of spectroscopic data on analytically pure ARC salts was obtained. In addition, cyclovoltammetric measurements of the acenes connected the potentials in solution with those in the gas‐phase. Hence, the data complement the existing isolated gas‐phase, strong acid or matrix isolation studies. A first entry to follow‐up chemistry of the acenium radical cations as ligand forming oxidizers was demonstrated by reaction with
Co2(CO)8 giving [Co(anthracene)(CO)2]+.
Photochemically Mediated Toluene Oxidation through a Copper Complex
Authors: Noß Christian , Göttlich Richard , Schindler Siegfried
Published: May 2023

A method is described to photochemically oxidize toluene selectively to benzaldehyde, an essential compound in the chemical industry. Copper(I) complexes with different ligands were applied in combination with [Ru(bipy)3](PF6)2 and dioxygen as the oxidant. As a result, a “dioxygen adduct” copper complex, for example, a peroxido complex, is formed as the active species. The copper(II) complex obtained after oxidation can be photochemically reduced to the starting copper(I) species, and the process can be repeated continuously. The ligand tris(2‐methylpyridyl)amine (tmpa) led to the highest conversion rates.
Stable Spiro‐Fused Diarylaminyl Radicals: A New Type of a Neutral Mixed‐Valence System
Authors: Sentyurin Vyacheslav V. , Levitskiy Oleg A. , Bogdanov Alexey V. , Yankova Tatiana S. , Dorofeev Sergey G. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Gontcharenko Victoria E. , Magdesieva Tatiana V.
Published: May 2023

A new type of neutral mixed‐valence system was synthesized using a facile one‐pot procedure. The spiro‐conjugated framework is additionally “fastened” with a biphenyl bridge, which does not directly participate in spin delocalization but makes the molecule stable and influences the reorganization energy and the energy barrier of the intramolecular electron transfer. The in‐depth experimental and quantum‐chemical study allowed determining the radicals as the Class II Robin‐Day‐mixed‐valence systems. The structure of the radicals was confirmed by the X‐ray data, which are relatively rare for Class II MV molecules. Advanced properties of the radicals, such as an ambipolar redox behavior and panchromatic absorption in the visible and NIR regions, along with their stability, make them of interest for materials science. All radicals demonstrate the SOMO‐HOMO inversion phenomenon, which was supported by the DFT and the experimental study.
Four out of five buprenorphine patients drop out: Study
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2023

Only one in 5 patients started on buprenorphine treatment were retained for at least 180 days from January 2016 through October 2022, a recent study has found. During that same period, the monthly initiation rate at first increased, and then flattened (prior to the COVID‐19 epidemic). The study, Trends in Buprenorphine Initiation and Retention in the United States, 2016–2022, published in JAMA on April 25, is based on the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, which covers more than 90% of all prescriptions to pharmacies.
Psychotherapy better than medications to treat BPD
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2023

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) can be treated best with psychotherapy, not medications, a recent clinical review has found. Led by senior author Otto F. Kernberg, M.D. the researchers conducted a literature review summarizing evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of BPD. While the review focuses on adults, the researchers also found that while the age of onset varies, symptoms are usually seen by early adulthood, with symptoms veering toward more depression as the patient ages.
Future exposure of forest ecosystems to multi‐year drought in the United States
Authors: Costanza Jennifer K. , Koch Frank H. , Reeves Matthew C.
Published: May 2023

As the future climate becomes hotter or drier, forests may be exposed to more frequent or severe droughts. To inform efforts to ensure resilient forests, it is critical to know which forests may be most exposed to future drought and where. Longer duration droughts lasting 2–3 years or more are especially important to quantify because forests are likely to experience impacts. We summarized exposure to 36‐month drought for forests across the conterminous United States using the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) overlaid on forest inventory plot locations. Exposure was quantified under 10 scenarios that combined five modeled climates and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs, 4.5 and 8.5) through 2070. Future projections indicate a tripling of the monthly spatial extent of forests exposed to severe or extreme drought—38% of forests were exposed on average by mid‐century as opposed to 11% during 1991–2020 (2041–2070). Increases in drought exposure were greatest under hotter (HadGEM2‐ES), drier (IPSL‐CM5A‐MR), and middle (NorESM1‐M) climate models, under either RCP. Projections agreed that forests in portions of the western United States, especially the southwestern United States, could face high levels of exposure. Forest types including pinyon/juniper, woodland hardwoods, and ponderosa pine were projected to be exposed to drought more than 50% of the time on average across all scenarios by mid‐century, when no forest type was exposed more than 25% of the time under any scenario during the recent period. Projections agreed less for the eastern United States, but in some scenarios, particularly under RCP 8.5, large portions of the East could be exposed to drought nearly as often as parts of the West. Moreover, a substantial portion of oak/hickory forests occur in eastern regions, where projections agree on increased drought exposure. This study provides novel insights about the changing conditions forests face in both the eastern and western United States. Our results can be combined with information about the sensitivities and adaptive capacities of forest ecosystems to prioritize drought adaptation efforts.
Immunoassay based on peroxidase silver conjugate for the determination of human immunoglobulins against tick‐borne borreliosis (lyme disease) by voltammetry and spectrophotometry
Authors: Dorozhko Elena V. , Lunev Nikita A. , Korotkova Elena I. , Slepchenko Galina B. , Lipskikh Olga I. , Mikhnevich Ekaterina I.
Published: May 2023

In this work two strategies for the synthesis of peroxidase silver conjugates for the qualitative and quantitative determination of immunoglobulins (IgG) to ixodid tick‐borne borreliosis (ITBB) (Lyme disease) in human serum were proposed. The first approach for Ab‐HRP@AgNP conjugate synthesis involved silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped with a commercial peroxidase conjugate (Ab‐HRP) by passive adsorption. The second strategy was based on the initial coupling of Ag NPs with human anti‐species antibodies (Ab) by passive adsorption followed by the introduction of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme into the reaction mixture as a blocking reagent for Ab@AgNP@HRP conjugate synthesis. The formation of peroxidase silver conjugates was proved by UV/Vis spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The catalytic activity of Ab‐HRP@AgNP and Ab@AgNP@HRP conjugates was evaluated by Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. A commercially available 96‐well microtiter plate with recombinant antigens to ITBB was used as a platform for immobilization of analyzed IgG. The HRP in Ab‐HRP@AgNP conjugate was found to retain a sufficient level of activity for interaction with the H2O2 substrate to form an intensely colored reaction product. Therefore Ab‐HRP@AgNP conjugate can be used in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with spectrophotometric detection of 3,3’,5,5’‐Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB Ox) for quantitative determination of IgG to ITBB in human serum in the concentration range 12.5–800 ng ml−1 with LOD 2 ng ml−1. Ab@AgNP@HRP conjugate is recommended for the electrochemical determination of IgG to ITBB in human serum at LOD 3 ng ml−1 with registration of silver oxidation by linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV). Ag NPs in Ab‐HRP@AgNP and Ab@AgNP@HRP conjugates do not change electrochemical activity during storage and can be used as an electrochemical label in LSASV method in case of HRP inactivation. The immunoassay based on peroxidase silver conjugates expands the analytical potential for the determination of IgG to ITBB especially during the period of increasing incidence.
Development and Initial Testing of EcoToxChip, a Novel Toxicogenomics Tool for Environmental Management and Chemical Risk Assessment
Authors: Crump Doug , Hickey Gordon , Boulanger Emily , Masse Anita , Head Jessica A. , Hogan Natacha , Maguire Steve , Xia Jianguo , Hecker Markus , Basu Niladri
Published: May 2023

New approach methods (NAMs) are increasingly important to help accelerate the pace of ecological risk assessment and offer more ethical, affordable, and efficient alternatives to traditional toxicity tests. In the present study, we describe the development, technical characterization, and initial testing of a toxicogenomics tool, EcoToxChip (384-well quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR] array), to support chemical management and environmental monitoring for three laboratory model species—fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Chip design, including gene selection, was informed by a diverse end-user group and quality control metrics (e.g., primer assay, reverse transcription, and PCR efficiency) performed well based on a priori established criteria. Correlation with RNA sequencing (seq) data provided additional confidence in this novel toxicogenomics tool. Although the present study represents an initial testing of only 24 EcoToxChips for each of the model species, the results provide increased confidence in the robustness/reproducibility of EcoToxChips for evaluating perturbations in gene expression associated with chemical exposure and thus, this NAM, combined with early-life stage toxicity testing, could augment current efforts for chemical prioritization and environmental management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1763–1771. © 2023 SETAC
Forecasting realized volatility of Bitcoin: The informative role of price duration
Authors: Slim Skander , Tabche Ibrahim , Koubaa Yosra , Osman Mohamed , Karathanasopoulos Andreas
Published: May 2023

Motivated by the relationship between trading intensity and volatility and the attractiveness of duration‐based volatility estimators, this paper investigates the ability of price duration to forecast realized volatility of Bitcoin. Using high‐frequency transaction data, trading intensity is measured by price duration and incorporated in the class of heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) models. Results provide compelling evidence that trading intensity improves the forecasting performance of a highly competitive set of HAR models, commonly used in the literature. HAR extensions that incorporate price duration systematically deliver the lowest forecast errors and generate economically significant gains in volatility targeting exercise over multiple horizons. However, results show no evidence in favor of a unique duration‐augmented model. The predictive ability of price duration is supported by a number of robustness checks, including alternative estimation windows, bull and bear market states, and alternative thresholds that define price events.
Cortical plasticity in central vision loss: Cortical thickness and neurite structure
Authors: Defenderfer Matthew K. , Demirayak Pinar , Fleming Leland L. , DeCarlo Dawn K. , Stewart Paul , Visscher Kristina M.
Published: May 2023

Late‐stage macular degeneration (MD) often causes retinal lesions depriving an individual of central vision, forcing them to learn to use peripheral vision for daily tasks. To compensate, many patients develop a preferred retinal locus (PRL), an area of peripheral vision used more often than equivalent regions of spared vision. Thus, associated portions of cortex experience increased use, while portions of cortex associated with the lesion are deprived of sensory input. Prior research has not well examined the degree to which structural plasticity depends on the amount of use across the visual field. Cortical thickness, neurite density, and orientation dispersion were measured at portions of cortex associated with the PRL, the retinal lesion, and a control region in participants with MD as well as age‐matched, gender‐matched, and education‐matched controls. MD participants had significantly thinner cortex in both the cortical representation of the PRL (cPRL) and the control region, compared with controls, but no significant differences in thickness, neurite density, or orientation dispersion were found between the cPRL and the control region as functions of disease or onset. This decrease in thickness is driven by a subset of early‐onset participants whose patterns of thickness, neurite density, and neurite orientation dispersion are distinct from matched control participants. These results suggest that people who develop MD earlier in adulthood may undergo more structural plasticity than those who develop it late in life.
Leveraging relational analytics in human resource research and practice
Authors: Soltis Scott M. , Methot Jessica R. , Gittell Jody Hoffer , Harris T. Brad
Published: May 2023

Relational analytics—the leveraging of data on workplace relationships—acts as a complement to traditional people analytics and moves scholars and practitioners closer to an understanding of the realities of the modern workplace. This article serves as a primer for relational analytics by highlighting the potential of the perspective for human resources, the levels of analysis that can be used to study relational analytics, and some of the common theoretical perspectives employed in this area. We introduce the 15 articles in the special issue by positioning them within broader trends we see in the field of relational analytics. Finally, we provide commentary on challenges and future directions in relational analytics with a focus on how the articles in this special issue may serve as examples of best practices and inspiration for future research and practice.
Study on anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge to produce volatile fatty acids by thermal–rhamnolipid treatment
Authors: Chuanchuan Dou , Yuling Liu , Penghe Zhao , Shuaishuai Li , Yang Jia
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The extracellular polymer and cell wall of waste activated sludge serve as chemical barriers for anaerobic fermentation, limiting the recycling and utilization of organic carbon contained in the sludge. To improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation, this paper proposes thermal–rhamnolipid (T‐RL) pretreatment technology and systematically discusses the effect of T‐RL treatment on the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge for acid production from the perspective of organic matter dissolution characteristics, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) content, composition and microbial changes.

RESULTS

T‐RL treatment significantly promoted the dissolution of organic matter in sludge, with soluble chemical oxygen demand solubilizing to 6097.78–7375.56 mg L−1, soluble carbohydrates solubilizing to 207.38–274.74 mg L−1, and the dissolution of soluble proteins and DNA also at a high level. Both treatment factors significantly promoted the enrichment of acid‐producing microorganisms, especially acetic acid‐producing microorganisms. The best VFA production conditions of T‐RL treatment were 60 mg g−1 total solids and 70 °C, and the yield was 3294.96 mg L−1. Compared with thermal and RL treatments, the optimum yield of T‐RL treatment increased by 33.16% and 22.06%, respectively. The VFA components in the T‐RL group were mainly acetic acid and propionic acid. Under optimal conditions, the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid reached 77%.

CONCLUSION

T‐RL treatment can promote sludge disintegration and organic matter conversion through the coupling effect of thermal and RL treatments, providing sufficient and high‐quality substrate for acid‐producing microorganisms, effectively enriching VFA producers, and thus improving the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation for VFA production. This treatment technology will provide some beneficial references for the future utilization of sludge resources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Assessment of circulating extracellular vesicles from calorie‐restricted mice and humans in ischaemic injury models
Authors: Jaimes Manuel S. V. , Liao Chia‐Te , Chen Max M. , Czosseck Andreas , Lee Tsung‐Lin , Chou Yu‐Hsiang , Chen Yung‐Ming , Lin Shuei‐Liong , Lai James J. , Lundy David J.
Published: May 2023

Calorie restriction (CR) and fasting affect lifespan, disease susceptibility and response to acute injury across multiple animal models, including ischaemic injuries such as myocardial infarction or kidney hypoxia. The cargo and function of circulating extracellular vesicles (EV) respond to changes in host physiology, including exercise, injury, and other interventions. Thus, we hypothesised that EVs induced following CR may reflect some of the beneficial properties of CR itself. In a pilot study, EVs were isolated from mice following 21 days of 30 % CR, and from eight human donors after 72 h water‐only fasting. EV size, concentration and morphology were profiled by NTA, western blot and cryoEM, and their function was assessed using multiple assays related to ischaemic diseases. We found that EVs from post‐fasting samples better protected cardiac cells from hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) injury compared to pre‐fasting EVs. However, there was no difference when used to treat H/R‐injured kidney epithelial cells. Post‐fasting derived EVs slowed the rate of fibroblast migration and slightly reduced macrophage inflammatory gene expression compared to pre‐fasting derived EVs. Lastly, we compared miRNA cargos of pre‐ and post‐fasting human serum EVs and found significant changes in a small number of miRNAs. We conclude that fasting appears to influence EV cargo and function, with varied effects worthy of further exploration.
Muscle‐specific, liver‐detargeted adeno‐associated virus gene therapy rescues Pompe phenotype in adult and neonate Gaa−/− mice
Authors: Sellier P. , Vidal P. , Bertin B. , Gicquel E. , Bertil‐Froidevaux E. , Georger C. , van Wittenberghe L. , Miranda A. , Daniele N. , Richard I. , Gross D. A. , Mingozzi F. , Collaud F. , Ronzitti G.
Published: May 2023

Pompe disease (PD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) deficiency. Reduced GAA activity leads to pathological glycogen accumulation in cardiac and skeletal muscles responsible for severe heart impairment, respiratory defects, and muscle weakness. Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) is the standard‐of‐care treatment for PD, however, its efficacy is limited due to poor uptake in muscle and the development of an immune response. Multiple clinical trials are ongoing in PD with adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors based on liver‐ and muscle‐targeting. Current gene therapy approaches are limited by liver proliferation, poor muscle targeting, and the potential immune response to the hGAA transgene. To generate a treatment tailored to infantile‐onset PD, we took advantage of a novel AAV capsid able to increase skeletal muscle targeting compared to AAV9 while reducing liver overload. When combined with a liver‐muscle tandem promoter (LiMP), and despite the extensive liver‐detargeting, this vector had a limited immune response to the hGAA transgene. This combination of capsid and promoter with improved muscle expression and specificity allowed for glycogen clearance in cardiac and skeletal muscles of Gaa−/− adult mice. In neonate Gaa−/−, complete rescue of glycogen content and muscle strength was observed 6 months after AAV vector injection. Our work highlights the importance of residual liver expression to control the immune response toward a potentially immunogenic transgene expressed in muscle. In conclusion, the demonstration of the efficacy of a muscle‐specific AAV capsid‐promoter combination for the full rescue of PD manifestation in both neonate and adult Gaa−/− provides a potential therapeutic avenue for the infantile‐onset form of this devastating disease.
Editorial for “Computed Diffusion‐Weighted Images of Rectal Cancer: Image Quality, Restaging, and Treatment Response after Neoadjuvant Therapy”
Authors: Karaman Muge , Zhou Xiaohong Joe
Published: May 2023

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Changes in, and correlation analysis of, volatile compounds, key enzymes, and fatty acids in lemon juice vesicles during freeze drying and hot‐air drying
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Sun Xiyun , Yang Feifei , Vidyarthi Sriram K. , Xiao Hongwei , Liu Chunju , Duan Xiaojie , Wang Haiou
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Lemon juice vesicles are distinguished by their unique and abundant volatile flavor compounds, which can undergo complex changes during drying. In this study, integrated freeze drying (IFD), conventional freeze drying (CFD), and hot‐air drying (AD) were used to dry lemon juice vesicles to investigate the changes in, and correlations among volatile compounds, fatty acids, and key enzyme activity during the drying process.

RESULTS

Twenty‐two volatile compounds were detected during the drying processes. Compared with fresh samples, seven compounds were lost in the dried samples after IFD, seven after CFS, and six after AD, and the loss rates of the total content of volatile compounds in the dried samples were 82.73% in CFD, more than 71.22% in IFD, and more than 28.78% in AD. In total, 1.015 mg/g of seven fatty acids were detected in the fresh samples; the content loss rates of total fatty acids after drying were 67.68% in AD, more than 53.00% in CFD, and more than 36.95% in IFD, respectively. During the three drying processes, IFD retained relatively higher enzyme activity in the samples.

CONCLUSION

Many positive and negative correlations (P < 0.05) were observed among the key enzyme effects, fatty acids, and volatile compounds, showing close associations. The current work provides information that is important for the selection of suitable drying techniques for lemon juice vesicles and suggests how to control their flavor during the drying process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Postharvest UV‐B exposure drives changes in primary metabolism, phenolic concentration, and volatilome profile in berries of different grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties
Authors: Narra Federica , Castagna Antonella , Palai Giacomo , Havlík Jaroslav , Bergo Anna Mascellani , D'Onofrio Claudio , Ranieri Annamaria , Santin Marco
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

The ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation can alter grape metabolism during berry development, but little is known on the effect of postharvest UV‐B exposure. In this study, we evaluated the effect of postharvest UV‐B exposure on berry primary and secondary metabolites in four grapevine varieties (Aleatico, Moscato bianco, Sangiovese, and Vermentino) in order to evaluate the possibility to increase the grape quality and its nutraceutical properties.

RESULTS

The treatment did not significantly affect the berry primary metabolism in terms of organic acids, carbohydrates, and amino acids profile, regardless of the variety. UV‐B exposure reduced the total anthocyanin content, particularly the tri‐substituted and di‐substituted forms in Aleatico and Sangiovese, respectively. An overall negative effect of UV‐B irradiation on the flavonols profile of Aleatico, Moscato bianco, and Vermentino berries was found, whereas it enhanced the quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol concentration in Sangiovese. The free fraction of berry volatile organic compounds increased in UV‐B‐treated Aleatico and Moscato bianco berries, especially C13‐norisoprenoids and volatile phenols, as well as key monoterpenes, such as the linalool derivatives. However, higher concentrations of glycosylated monoterpenes and C13‐norisoprenoids were measured in Sangiovese and Vermentino berries treated with UV‐B.

CONCLUSION

This study provides new insights on the effect of postharvest UV‐B radiation on berry secondary metabolism, highlighting a different modulation between varieties and suggesting the potential use of this technique to increase some nutraceutical and quality characteristics of grape berry. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound Assessment of Skin Tumors Local Recurrence
Authors: Catalano Orlando , Crisan Diana , Díaz Claudia Patricia González , Cavallieri Fernanda , Varelli Carlo , Wortsman Ximena
Published: May 2023

Skin cancer may recur at or around the surgical site despite wide excisions. Prompt clinical and sonographic detection of local recurrence is important since subjects with relapsing melanomas or nonmelanoma malignancies can be managed efficaciously, with a relevant impact on morbidity and survival. Ultrasound is being employed with increasing frequency in the assessment of skin tumors, but most of the published articles relate to initial pretherapeutic diagnosis and staging. This review aims to offer an illustrated guide to the sonographic evaluation of locally recurring skin cancer. We introduce the topic, then we provide some sonographic tips for patient follow‐up, then we describe the ultrasound findings in case of local recurrence, illustrating the main mimickers, and finally, we mention the role of ultrasound in guiding diagnostic and therapeutic percutaneous procedures.
New tightness lower and upper bounds for the standard normal distribution function and related functions
Authors: Eidous Omar M.
Published: May 2023

Most researches interested in finding the bounds of the cumulative standard normal distribution
are not tight for all positive values of the argument
. This paper mainly proposes new simple lower and upper bounds for
. Over the whole range of the positive argument
, the maximum absolute difference between the proposed lower bound and
is less than
, while it is less than
between the proposed upper bound and
. Numerical comparisons have been made between the proposed bounds and some of the other existing bounds, which showed that the proposed bounds are more compact than most alternative bounds found in the literature.
The steady states of isotone electric systems
Authors: Comănescu Dan
Published: May 2023

The steady states of an isotone electric system are described by an isotone function with respect to the componentwise order. When there are steady states, we highlight a dominant steady state and we study its domain of attraction for the fixed point iteration method.
Streamline diffusion finite element method for a singularly perturbed problem with an interior layer on Shishkin mesh
Authors: Ma Xiaoqi , Zhang Jin
Published: May 2023

With the continuous development of science and technology, singularly perturbed problems have attracted more and more attentions from computational fluid scholars. In this paper, we discuss a singularly perturbed convection–diffusion problem with a discontinuous convection. Generally speaking, due to this discontinuity, an interior layer appears in the solution. A streamline diffusion finite element method on Shishkin mesh is used to solve this problem, and the optimal order of convergence in a modified streamline diffusion norm is derived. Numerical results are presented to support the theoretical conclusion.