bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Efficacy of Rezafungin, Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, and Micafungin against Four Candida auris Clades in a Neutropenic Mouse Bloodstream Infection Model
Authors: Balázsi Dávid , Tóth Zoltán , Locke Jeffrey B. , Borman Andrew M. , Forgács Lajos , Balla Noémi , Kovács Fruzsina , Kovács Renátó , Amano Chiaki , Baran Tugba Ilay , Majoros László
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Rezafungin is the first new drug approved to treat candidaemia and invasive candidiasis in more than 10 years. However, data are scant on the in vivo efficacy of rezafungin and the other three approved echinocandins against different Candida auris clades. Methods: This study involved 10 isolates representing 4 C. auris clades: South Asian (n = 2), East Asian (n = 2), South African (n = 2), and South American (n = 4, including 2 environmental isolates). In the lethality experiment and fungal tissue burden experiment (kidney, heart, and brain), cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c male mice were intravenously infected (107 and 8 × 106 colony-forming units [CFU]/mouse, respectively). A 20 mg/kg dose of rezafungin was administered on days 1, 3, and 6. Alternatively, beginning 24 h post-infection, mice received 3 mg/kg of caspofungin, 5 mg/kg of micafungin, or 5 mg/kg of anidulafungin once daily for 6 days. Results: Regardless of isolate and clade, all echinocandin regimens improved survival after 21 days (p = 0.0041 to p < 0.0001). All echinocandins frequently produced >3-log mean CFU/g decreases in the fungal kidney and heart burdens, although some of these decreases were not statistically significant. Rezafungin, regardless of clade, produced 3–5 and 2–4 log CFU/g decreases in the kidney and heart burdens, respectively. Echinocandins did not inhibit fungal growth in the brain. Histopathological examination performed on day 7 showed no fungal cells in the heart and kidneys of rezafungin-treated mice and to a lesser extent, caspofungin-treated mice, regardless of the clinical isolate. All echinocandin-treated mice showed medium and/or large foci of fungal cells in their cerebrum or cerebellum. Conclusions: Regardless of the C. auris clade, rezafungin activity in vivo was comparable to or improved over that of the three previously approved echinocandins.
Study on Enzyme Activity and Metabolomics during Culture of Liquid Spawn of Floccularia luteovirens
Authors: Ni Yanqing , Liao Qiuhong , Gou Siyuan , Shi Tongjia , Li Wensheng , Feng Rencai , Zhao Zhiqiang , Zhao Xu
Published: August 2024

To comprehensively investigate the physiological characteristics and metabolic processes of the mycelium of Floccularia luteovirens (F. luteovirens), a wild edible fungus unique to the plateau region, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the mycelium enzyme activity and metabolites during different culture periods. The activity of seven enzymes all followed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. The intra- and extracellular activity peaks of three hydrolases—amylase, protease, and cellulase—all occurred on the 20th day, except for the extracellular amylase, which peaked on the 15th day. In contrast, the peak activity of laccase occurred on the 10th day. Moreover, three types of oxidoreductases in the mycelium (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-dehydrogenase (TTC-DH)) also exhibited significant changes in activity. CAT and SOD activity reached their maximum on the 20th day, whereas TTC-DH showed high activity on both the 10th and 20th days. Through a comprehensive assessment of the evolving trends of these physiological parameters, we determined that the optimal cultivation cycle for F. luteovirens liquid spawn is 20 days. An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 3569 metabolites were detected in the F. luteovirens mycelium, including a variety of secondary metabolites and functional components, with terpenoids being particularly abundant, accounting for 148 types. By comparing three different culture stages (10 days, 20 days, and 30 days), 299, 291, and 381 metabolites, respectively, showed different accumulation patterns in the comparison groups of 10d vs. 20d, 20d vs. 30d, and 10d vs. 30d. These differential metabolites were primarily concentrated in carboxylic acids and their derivatives, fatty acyl groups, organic oxygen compounds, and lipid compounds. In addition, there were several amino acids whose abundance continued to grow during culturing. The metabolism of amino acids greatly affects mycelium growth and development. This research delineates the interplay between mycelium growth and metabolism, offering empirical support for a cultivation strategy for liquid F. luteovirens, and an exploration of its metabolites for potential applications.
Sourcing Local Information in News Deserts
Authors: Torre Luísa , Ramos Giovanni , Noronha Mateus , Jerónimo Pedro
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: News deserts are communities without a local news outlet, or communities where residents face significantly reduced access to the news of the local public sphere. The demise of a local news outlet can have negative effects on community engagement and on the discussion of solutions to community problems. In Portugal, for example, 25% of municipalities do not have their own media outlets. When there are no journalists reporting on reality, studies show that much of the local information in these territories is obtained through social media, such as Facebook pages and groups, which can be a source of disinformation and manipulation that communities become vulnerable to. (2) Methods: Through focus groups in the municipality of Manteigas, we researched perspectives and behaviours, as well as the factors that influence people’s choices in the consumption of information. (3) Results: We found that citizens used a wide range of informational sources, with a strong dependence on social media and institutional channels to access local information. (4) Conclusions: Proximity relationships are the basis of fact-checking processes, and citizens showed less concern about disinformation and more trust in the information they accessed through official institutions’ pages and through word-of-mouth in their communities.
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Urban Carbon Storage and Its Dynamics Using InVEST Model
Authors: Sharma Richa , Pradhan Lolita , Kumari Maya , Bhattacharya Prodyut , Mishra Varun Narayan , Kumar Deepak
Published: August 2024

Carbon storage estimates are essential for sustainable urban planning and development. This study examines the spatio-temporal effects of land use and land cover changes on the provision and monetary value of above- and below-ground carbon sequestration and storage during 2011, 2019, and the simulated year 2027 in Noida. The Google Earth Engine-Random Forests (GEE-RF) classifier, the Cellular Automata Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) model, and the InVEST-CCS model are some of the software tools applied for the analysis. The findings demonstrate that the above- and below-ground carbon storage for Noida is 23.95 t/ha. Carbon storage in the city increased between 2011 and 2019 by approximately 67%. For the predicted year 2027, a loss in carbon storage is recorded. The simulated land cover for the year 2027 indicates that if the current pattern continues for the next decade, the majority of the land will be transformed into either built-up or barren land. This predicted decline in agriculture and vegetation would further lead to a slump in the potential for terrestrial carbon sequestration. Urban carbon storage estimates provide past records to serve as a baseline and a precursor to study future changes, and therefore more such city-scale analyses are required for overall urban sustainability.
The Effects of Body Cold Exposure (Cryolipolysis) on Fat Mass and Plasma Cholesterol
Authors: Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão , Barbosa Ludymilla Vicente , Sousa Mirian Martins Barbosa , Lobo Anna Beatriz , Santos Elize Leonice da Rocha , Sá Filho Alberto Souza de , Souza Matheus Bernardes , Jaime Jivago Carneiro , Silva Constanza Thaise Xavier da , Ruiz-Silva Carlos , Leonardo Patrícia Sardinha
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study investigates the impact of cryolipolysis on reducing localized fat and altering plasma lipid profiles in 30 overweight and obese women. Conducted at the Health Technology Laboratory of the Evangelical University of Goiás, this clinical research adhered to stringent ethical guidelines. Methods: Participants underwent three cryolipolysis sessions, with comprehensive assessments of body composition and plasma lipids performed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Significant findings include a reduction in abdominal fat mass by an average of 4.1 kg and a decrease in BMI by 0.7 points (p < 0.05). Notably, total cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 15.7 mg/dL, and LDL cholesterol saw a reduction of 10.2 mg/dL (p < 0.01), with no significant changes in HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These results suggest that cryolipolysis, in conjunction with standardized dietary control, offers a non-invasive alternative to surgical fat reduction, potentially mitigating cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. Conclusions: The study confirms the efficacy of cryolipolysis in targeted fat reduction and underscores its role in improving key cardiovascular risk factors. These findings warrant further exploration into the long-term benefits of cryolipolysis in metabolic health management and not only for aesthetic treatments.
Comparative Analysis of the Kinematic Characteristics of Lunge-Style and Squat-Style Jerk Techniques in Elite Weightlifters
Authors: Liu Gongju , He Zhanyang , Ye Binyong , Guo Haiying , Pan Huiju , Zhu Houwei , Meng Guanliang
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to discuss the differences in technical characteristics between the lunge-style and squat-style jerk techniques and to reveal the adaptability of these techniques for individual weightlifters. A total of 52 attempts by 32 male weightlifters were selected, and the video data were digitized manually using the SIMI Motion 7.50 three-dimensional analysis system. The technical characteristics of the lunge split and squat jerk were fundamentally consistent during the pre-squat, force exertion, and inertia ascent phases. The primary differences between the lunge split and squat jerk techniques were observed during the squatting and support phases, including the vertical descent velocity of the barbell at the end of the squat shoulder-locking phase and the stability angles in the sagittal and coronal axes. The vertical velocity of the barbell at the end of the squat shoulder-locking phase was significantly greater in the squat style (−0.41 ± 0.17 vs. −0.88 ± 0.14) compared to the lunge style (t = 6.393, p < 0.05). The stability angle on the sagittal axis at the end of the squat-supporting phase in the lunge style was significantly greater (46.99 ± 3.23 vs. 13.64 ± 0.51) than that of the squat style (t = 45.639, p < 0.05).
Effect of Bio-Oils and Wastewater Sludge on the Performance of Binders and Hot Mix Asphalt with High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content
Authors: Melaku Robeam S. , Liu Jun , Gedafa Daba S.
Published: August 2024

Waste Cooking Oil (WCO), Soy Oil (SO), and Wastewater Sludge (WWS) have great potential to increase reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content for economic and environmental benefits. This study explored the effects of SO and WCO on rutting, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking performance of binders and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with high RAP content. The potential effect of WWS on the performance and compaction efforts of high RAP content mixes at a 10 °C (50 °F) lower compaction temperature than the control compaction temperature was also investigated. The results indicated that 85% of the RAP binders can be incorporated while maintaining similar performance compared to the control by using 15% SO or 12.5% WCO as a rejuvenator with 2.5% virgin binder. Adding 1% WWS by weight of the total binder improved the binder’s rheological properties, the mix’s cracking performance, and the mix’s density at lower compaction temperatures.
Progress of Metal Chalcogenides as Catalysts for Efficient Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hyun , Lee Jeong-Gyu , Choi Min-Jae
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a high-demand chemical, valued as a powerful and eco-friendly oxidant for various industrial applications. The traditional industrial method for producing H2O2, known as the anthraquinone process, is both costly and environmentally problematic. Electrochemical synthesis, which produces H2O2 using electricity, offers a sustainable alternative, particularly suited for small-scale, continuous on-site H2O2 generation due to the portability of electrocatalytic devices. For efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis, electrocatalysts must exhibit high selectivity, activity, and stability for the two-electron pathway-oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR). Transition-metal chalcogenide (TMC)-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for effective 2e− ORR due to their high activity in acidic environments and the abundance of their constituent elements. This review examines the potential of TMC-based catalysts in H2O2 electrosynthesis, categorizing them into noble-metal and non-noble-metal chalcogenides. It underscores the importance of achieving high selectivity, activity, and stability in 2e− ORR. By reviewing recent advancements and identifying key challenges, this review provides valuable insights into the development of TMC-based electrocatalysts for sustainable H2O2 production.
Intensive Care Management of Severe Hyponatraemia—An Observational Study
Authors: Roe Thomas , Brown Mark , Watson Adam J. R. , Panait Bianca-Atena , Potdar Nachiket , Sadik Amn , Vohra Shiv , Haydock David , Beecham Ryan , Dushianthan Ahilanandan
Published: August 2024

Background and Subject: Hyponatraemia is a common electrolyte disorder. For patients with severe hyponatraemia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission may be required. This will enable close monitoring and allow safe management of sodium levels effectively. While severe hyponatraemia may be associated with significant symptoms, rapid overcorrection of hyponatraemia can lead to complications. We aimed to describe the management and outcomes of severe hyponatraemia in our ICU and identify risk factors for overcorrection. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective single-centre cohort that included consecutive adults admitted to the ICU with serum sodium < 120 mmol/L between 1 January 2017 and 8 March 2023. Anonymised data were collected from electronic records. We included 181 patients (median age 67 years, 51% male). Results: Median admission serum sodium was 113 mmol/L (IQR: 108–117), with an average rate of improvement over the first 48 h of 10 mmol/L/day (IQR: 5–15 mmol/L). A total of 62 patients (34%) met the criteria for overcorrection at 48 h, and they were younger, presented with severe symptoms (seizures/arrythmias), and had lower admission sodium concentration. They were more likely to be treated with hypertonic saline infusions. Lower admission sodium was an independent risk factor for overcorrection within 48 h, whereas the presence of liver cirrhosis and fluid restriction was associated with normal correction. No difference was identified between the normal and overcorrected cohorts for ICU/hospital length of stay or mortality. Conclusions: In some patients with severe hyponatraemia, overcorrection is inevitable to avoid symptoms such as seizures and arrhythmias, and consequently, we highlight the key factors associated with overcorrection. Overall, we identified that overcorrection was common and concordant with the current literature.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Score for Three-Year Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Bârsan Ioana Cristina , Iluţ Silvina , Tohănean Nicoleta , Pop Raluca Maria , Vesa Ştefan Cristian , Perju-Dumbravă Lăcrămioara
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and disability with poor long-term outcomes. Creating a predictive score for long-term mortality in AIS might be important for optimizing treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a predictive score for three-year mortality in patients with AIS using several demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters. Materials and Methods: This study included 244 AIS patients admitted to a tertiary center and followed up for three years. The patients’ data included demographics, clinical features, laboratory tests (including resistin and leptin levels) and imaging parameters. The patients were randomly divided into a predictive group (n = 164) and a validation group (n = 80). Results: Advanced age, a high NIHSS score, low levels of hemoglobin, elevated resistin levels and the presence of carotid plaques were independently associated with three-year mortality. The predictive model incorporated these variables, and it was validated in a separate cohort. Leptin levels did not significantly predict mortality. Conclusions: This study developed and validated a promising predictive score for three-year mortality in patients with AIS. Advanced age, high NIHSS scores, low hemoglobin levels, elevated resistin levels and the presence of carotid plaques were the independent predictors of long-term mortality.
Oral and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Due to Periodontitis: Systemic Implications and Links to Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sulaiman Yaman , Pacauskienė Ingrida Marija , Šadzevičienė Renata , Anuzyte Rugile
Published: August 2024

Periodontitis can disrupt oral and gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis that affects overall systemic health. Besides the spread of periodontal pathogens by the hematogenous route, they can also be translocated into the gastrointestinal tract, possibly intervening in the neoplastic process in the gastrointestinal tract. This manuscript reviews the relationship between oral and gut microbiota due to periodontitis, discussing systemic health implications and potential links to gastrointestinal cancer. This article highlights the significance and effect of dysbiosis in the gut, emphasizing the importance of maintaining oral health to prevent systemic diseases. Lastly, it will go through therapeutic innovations such as probiotics and oral microbiota analysis tools for systemic disease detection. These findings will mark the integration of oral health management in clinical practice to lower systemic disease risk and improve overall patient outcomes. Aim of work: This manuscript aims to unravel the pathological interaction between oral and gut microbiota and their bidirectional effect on systemic diseases. Materials and methods: The review was performed using the MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Reviewed articles were published in English between the year 2015 and 2024. The search used keywords such as (“oral microbiota” AND “periodontal disease”) OR (“oral microbiota” AND “gastrointestinal cancer”) OR (“Porphyromonas gingivalis” AND “periodontal disease”) OR (“Helicobacter pylori” AND “gastric cancer”) OR (“gut microbiome” AND “inflammatory bowel disease”) OR (“oral microbiome” AND “systemic diseases”). Conclusions: The dysbiotic change in the oral cavity due to periodontitis is linked directly and indirectly to systemic diseases such as IBS, neurodegenerative diseases, muscle joint diseases, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal cancer; this underscores the importance of maintaining oral hygiene for prophylaxis of oral diseases and the prevention of systemic diseases. A better understanding of the interconnections between oral health and systemic diseases will integrate oral health management to offer new prevention, diagnostic, and treatment opportunities to improve overall patient outcomes.
Practical Osmotic Agent for High-Degree Pharmaceutical Pre-Concentration by Organic Solvent Forward Osmosis
Authors: Takada Ryoichi , Takagi Ryosuke , Mai Zhaohuan , Matsuoka Atsushi , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: August 2024

Pre-concentration can reduce the total production costs in the pharmaceutical industry. Organic solvent forward osmosis (OSFO) is a suitable pre-concentration method because of its nonthermal nature, low capital cost, and potential for achieving high-degree concentrations. In a previous study, we first demonstrated a high-degree OSFO concentration. Sucrose octaacetate (SoA) in MeOH was concentrated to 52 wt% using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400 as the osmotic agent, but the concentrated solution had a concentration of 17% PEG-400 because of the reverse solute flux. This result does not meet the typical purity standards required for pharmaceutical production, indicating the need to determine a suitable osmotic agent that can be used for practical purposes. This study proposes a practical osmotic agent for OSFO pre-concentration. First, osmotic agents were screened from a practical perspective. Polypropylene glycol (PPG)-400 was selected, owing to its low toxicity, good solubility, and low viscosity. Subsequently, the OSFO concentration was demonstrated using PPG-400 as the osmotic agent. SoA in MeOH was concentrated from 9.4 wt% to 48 wt%. The final feed solution contained only 0.04 wt% PPG-400. This result is the first demonstration of successful pharmaceutical pre-concentration using OSFO that satisfies the typical purity requirement in pharmaceutical production.
Cryo-Electron Microscopy Studies of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Kulczyk Arkadiusz W.
Published: August 2024

The technical innovation of the last decade has provided novel tools that are now transforming the field of biophysics by bringing remarkable atomic level insights into the mechanisms employed by bio-micromachines to sustain life [...]
Key Technologies in Developing Chip-Scale Hot Atomic Devices for Precision Quantum Metrology
Authors: Yu Huiyao , Zhang Xuyuan , Zhang Jian , Wu Zhendong , Jiao Long , Li Kan , Zheng Wenqiang
Published: August 2024

Chip-scale devices harnessing the interaction between hot atomic ensembles and light are pushing the boundaries of precision measurement techniques into unprecedented territory. These advancements enable the realization of super-sensitive, miniaturized sensing instruments for measuring various physical parameters. The evolution of this field is propelled by a suite of sophisticated components, including miniaturized single-mode lasers, microfabricated alkali atom vapor cells, compact coil systems, scaled-down heating systems, and the application of cutting-edge micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies. This review delves into the essential technologies needed to develop chip-scale hot atomic devices for quantum metrology, providing a comparative analysis of each technology’s features. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, this review discusses the future potential of chip-scale hot atomic devices and the critical technologies that will drive their advancement.
Development of a High-Sensitivity Acoustic Sensor Based on Grating Interferometer Combined with Glass Diaphragm
Authors: Zhang Mengying , Lu Chao , Zhao Quanliang , Qi Zhi-Mei
Published: August 2024

In this study, based on the principle of grating interferometer-based acoustic sensors, design guidelines for the grating interferometric module were obtained and analyzed considering various factors in order to obtain high sensitivity, and a glass-based grating interference component and its acoustic sensor device were developed. The key parameters of the grating interference structure were extracted, and their effects on the acoustic response sensitivity were quantified for multiple mechanisms. For the development of the acoustic sensor, the grating-on-convex-platform structure and the micromachining processes of the glass-based components were designed and developed. The developed acoustic sensor samples achieved high sensitivity. In particular, the sample suitable for low-frequency application obtained a sensitivity of 0.776 V/Pa @ 1 kHz, and the spectrum of its sensitivity was flat from 50 Hz to 8 Hz with a deviation less than 1.5 dB and a sensitivity of 0.408 V/Pa @ 20 Hz.
Pipeline Elbow Corrosion Simulation for Strain Monitoring with Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Yu Kaimin , Peng Zixuan , Zhang Yuanfang , Zhu Peibin , Chen Wen , Hao Jianzhong
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the limitation of traditional non-destructive testing methods in real-time corrosion monitoring of pipe elbows by proposing the utilization of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors, renowned for their resilience in harsh environments. However, the current mathematical relationship model for strain representation of elbow corrosion is still lacking. This paper develops a finite element model to scrutinize the strain changes in the elbow due to corrosion under hydrostatic pressure and bending loads. To mitigate temperature loading effects, the corrosion degree is evaluated through the disparity between hoop and axial strains. Simulation outcomes reveal that, under hydrostatic pressure, the strain difference exhibits minimal changes with the increase in corrosion degree, while under bending moment loading, the strain difference escalates proportionally with corrosion progression. Consequently, strain induced by bending moment loading solely characterizes the corrosion degree. Moreover, the optimal placement for FBG sensors is identified at the extrados of the pipe elbow, where strain is most prominent. These insights enhance comprehension of strain–corrosion dynamics in pipe elbows, offering valuable guidance for developing an FBG-based monitoring system for real-time corrosion tracking and predictive maintenance of pipeline infrastructures.
The Potential of Phage Treatment to Inactivate Planktonic and Biofilm-Forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Martinho Inês , Braz Márcia , Duarte João , Brás Ana , Oliveira Vanessa , Gomes Newton C. M. , Pereira Carla , Almeida Adelaide
Published: August 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections and exhibits a strong resistance to antibiotics. An alternative treatment option for bacterial infections is the use of bacteriophages (or phages). In this study, two distinct phages, VB_PaD_phPA-G (phPA-G) and VB_PaN_phPA-Intesti (phPA-Intesti), were used as single suspensions or in a phage cocktail to inactivate the planktonic cells and biofilms of P. aeruginosa. Preliminary experiments in culture medium showed that phage phPA-Intesti (reductions of 4.5–4.9 log CFU/mL) outperformed phPA-G (reductions of 0.6–2.6 log CFU/mL) and the phage cocktail (reduction of 4.2 log CFU/mL). Phage phPA-Intesti caused a maximum reduction of 5.5 log CFU/cm2 in the P. aeruginosa biofilm in urine after 4 h of incubation. The combination of phage phPA-Intesti and ciprofloxacin did not improve the efficacy of bacterial inactivation nor reduce the development of resistant mutants. However, the development of resistant bacteria was lower in the combined treatment with the phage and the antibiotic compared to treatment with the antibiotic alone. This phage lacks known toxins, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and integrase genes. Overall, the results suggest that the use of phage phPA-Intesti could be a potential approach to control urinary tract infections (UTIs), namely those caused by biofilm-producing and multidrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.
Effect of Gas Dispersion Properties and Bias in Scheelite Column Flotation
Authors: Kim HyunSoo , Park Chul-Hyun
Published: August 2024

In this study, column flotation was used to recover a high-grade concentrate from low-grade WO3 ore. Gas dispersion properties, such as superficial gas velocity, gas holdup, bubble size, bubble surface area flux, carrying rate, and bias, were investigated in two phases (gas–liquid) and three phases (gas–liquid–solid) in the column, and their effects on the grade and recovery of WO3. It was confirmed that the gas velocity significantly affected these factors, with the gas holdup, bubble size, bubble surface area flux, and carrying rate tending to increase as the gas velocity increased. The bias increased with an increase in the wash water velocity. The results showed that the grade and recovery of WO3 could be controlled within a specific range of operating conditions of bias (0.27–0.48 cm/s) and carrying rate (10.53–18.83 g/min/cm2). Correlation plots of grade/recovery versus bias and carrying rate revealed that the optimal separation achievable for a given WO3 concentrate in a flotation column was a 72.16% grade with a 78.3% recovery, satisfying the metallurgical requirement of more than 50% for WO3.
Vladimirivanovite Revised: General Crystal Chemistry and Isomorphous Substitutions of Extra-Framework Species
Authors: Bolotina Nadezhda B. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Sapozhnikov Anatoly N. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Pekov Igor V. , Varlamov Dmitry A. , Vigasina Marina F. , Bulakh Maria O. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Ksenofontov Dmitry A.
Published: August 2024

New data on the crystal structure, chemical composition, and nature of extra-framework components of the orthorhombic sodalite-group mineral vladimirivanovite were obtained using chemical and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data as well as infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal structure of vladimirivanovite is based on the sodalite-type aluminosilicate framework with ordered Al and Si atoms. Sodalite-like cages are mainly occupied by Na+ and Ca2+ cations and (SO4)2− anions. It was shown that vladimirivanovite is characterized by significant variations in the content of extra-framework polysulfide groups (S3•−, S4), as well as other neutral molecules (H2O and CO2), the presence of which in the structure is the main cause of structural modulations and the orientation disordering of sulfate anions. Three samples with different S3•−:S4 ratios were studied. All of them are orthorhombic (space group Pnaa) with the unit-cell parameters a ≈ 9.1, b ≈ 12.9, and c ≈ 38.6 Å; Z = 6. The general crystal-chemical formula of vladimirivanovite is (Na+6.0–6.4Ca2+1.5–1.7)(Al6Si6O24)(SO42−,S3•−,S4)1.7–1.9(CO2)0–0.1·nH2O (n = 1–3), where the S4 molecule occurs in different conformation states.
Rapid Assessment of Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Recycled Sunflower By-Products via DART-HRMS
Authors: Zacometti Carmela , Lante Anna , Cisneros Miluska , Massaro Andrea , Mihaylova Dasha , Chalova Vesela , Krastanov Albert , Kalaydzhiev Hristo , Riuzzi Giorgia , Tata Alessandra , Segato Severino
Published: August 2024

To comply with a more circular and environmentally friendly European common agricultural policy, while also valorising sunflower by-products, an ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was tested to optimise ethanol-wash solutes (EWS). Furthermore, the capabilities of DART-HRMS as a rapid and cost-effective tool for determining the biochemical changes after valorisation of these defatted sunflower EWS were investigated. Three batches of EWS were doubly processed into optimised EWS (OEWS) samples, which were analysed via DART-HRMS. Then, the metabolic profiles were submitted to a univariate analysis followed by a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) allowing the identification of the 15 most informative ions. The assessment of the metabolomic fingerprinting characterising EWS and OEWS resulted in an accurate and well-defined spatial clusterization based on the retrieved pool of informative ions. The outcomes highlighted a significantly higher relative abundance of phenolipid hydroxycinnamoyl-glyceric acid and a lower incidence of free fatty acids and diglycerides due to the ultrasound treatment. These resulting biochemical changes might turn OEWS into a natural antioxidant supplement useful for controlling lipid oxidation and to prolong the shelf-life of foods and feeds. A standardised processing leading to a selective concentration of the desirable bioactive compounds is also advisable.
Ubiquitination and De-Ubiquitination in the Synthesis of Cow Milk Fat: Reality and Prospects
Authors: Gao Rui , Wu Yanni , Wang Yuhao , Yang Zhangping , Mao Yongjiang , Yang Yi , Yang Chunhua , Chen Zhi
Published: August 2024

Ubiquitination modifications permit the degradation of labelled target proteins with the assistance of proteasomes and lysosomes, which is the main protein degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells. Polyubiquitination modifications of proteins can also affect their functions. De-ubiquitinating enzymes reverse the process of ubiquitination via cleavage of the ubiquitin molecule, which is known as a de-ubiquitination. It was demonstrated that ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination play key regulatory roles in fatty acid transport, de novo synthesis, and desaturation in dairy mammary epithelial cells. In addition, natural plant extracts, such as stigmasterol, promote milk fat synthesis in epithelial cells via the ubiquitination pathway. This paper reviews the current research on ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination in dairy milk fat production, with a view to providing a reference for subsequent research on milk fat and exploring new directions for the improvement of milk quality.
Si/Graphite@C Composite Fabricated by Electrostatic Self-Assembly and Following Thermal Treatment as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Yao Jintao , Zhu Guangzhao , Huang Jingrui , Meng Xiaoru , Hao Maolong , Zhu Shoupu , Wu Zhen , Kong Fanxu , Zhou Yue , Li Qi , Diao Guowang
Published: August 2024

Commercial graphite anode has advantages such as low potential platform, high electronic conductivity, and abundant reserves. However, its theoretical capacity is only 372 mA h g−1. High-energy lithium-ion batteries have been a research hotspot. The Si anode has an extremely high specific capacity, but its application is hindered by defects such as large volume changes, poor electronic conductivity, and a small lithium-ion diffusion coefficient. Here, the Si/thermally reduced graphite oxide@carbon (Si/RGtO@C) composite was fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly followed by thermal treatment. The RGtO synergistic carbon coating layer can effectively compensate for the low electronic conductivity and buffer the volume expansion effect of the Si nanoparticles during charge/discharge cycles. The Si/RGtO@C anode demonstrated a significantly increased capacity compared to the RGtO. After 300 cycles, Si/RGtO@C kept a discharged capacity of 367.6 mA h g−1 at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1. The Si/RGtO@C anode shows an application potential for commercial high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
Ultrahigh Electrostrictive Effect in Lead-Free Sodium Bismuth Titanate-Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Thick Film
Authors: Li Yizhuo , Zhao Jinyan , Wang Zhe , Zheng Kun , Zhang Jie , Chen Chuying , Wang Lingyan , Wang Genshui , Li Xin , Zhao Yulong , Niu Gang , Ren Wei
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the development of environmentally friendly, lead-free ferroelectric films with prominent electrostrictive effects have been a key area of focus due to their potential applications in micro-actuators, sensors, and transducers for advanced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This work investigated the enhanced electrostrictive effect in lead-free sodium bismuth titanate-based relaxor ferroelectric films. The films, composed of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.8−xBaxSr0.2TiO3 (BNBST, x = 0.02, 0.06, and 0.11), with thickness around 1 μm, were prepared using a sol-gel method on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates. By varying the Ba2+ content, the crystal structure, morphology, and electrical properties, including dielectric, ferroelectric, strain, and electromechanical performance, were investigated. The films exhibited a single pseudocubic structure without preferred orientation. A remarkable strain response (S > 0.24%) was obtained in the films (x = 0.02, 0.06) with the coexistence of nonergodic and ergodic relaxor phases. Further, in the x = 0.11 thick films with an ergodic relaxor state, an ultrahigh electrostrictive coefficient Q of 0.32 m4/C2 was achieved. These findings highlight the potential of BNBST films as high-performance, environmentally friendly electrostrictive films for advanced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and electronic devices.
Interpretable Structural Evaluation of Metal-Oxide Nanostructures in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) Images via Persistent Homology
Authors: Eguchi Ryuto , Wen Yu , Abe Hideki , Hashimoto Ayako
Published: August 2024

Persistent homology is a powerful tool for quantifying various structures, but it is equally crucial to maintain its interpretability. In this study, we extracted interpretable geometric features from the persistent diagrams (PDs) of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of self-assembled Pt-CeO2 nanostructures synthesized under different annealing conditions. We focused on PD quadrants and extracted five interpretable features from the zeroth and first PDs of nanostructures ranging from maze-like to striped patterns. A combination of hierarchical clustering and inverse analysis of PDs reconstructed by principal component analysis through vectorization of the PDs highlighted the importance of the number of arc-like structures of the CeO2 phase in the first PDs, particularly those that were smaller than a characteristic size. This descriptor enabled us to quantify the degree of disorder, namely the density of bends, in nanostructures formed under different conditions. By using this descriptor along with the width of the CeO2 phase, we classified 12 Pt-CeO2 nanostructures in an interpretable way.
Regeneration of Antifog Performance of Laser-Induced Copper-Based Micro-Nano Structured Surfaces by Rapid Thermal Treatment
Authors: Zhang Huixing , Xie Xinyi , Qi Xiaowen , Liu Chengling , Wang Chenrui , Fang Xiaolong , Wang Youfu , Cui Hongtao , Dong Ji
Published: August 2024

In this investigation, the laser marker ablation technique was employed on Cu-coated glass to fabricate micro-nanostructured antifog glass. The resulting surfaces exhibited a quasi-periodic micron hillock-hollow structure with dispersed nanoparticles distributed throughout, which played a role in the antifog property and superhydrophilicity. However, airborne organic pollutant deposition degraded the superhydrophilicity of ablated glass surfaces and, therefore, their antifog performance, which cannot be circumvented. Conventionally, furnace annealing for at least 1 h was used to decompose the organic pollutants and restore the superhydrophilicity, limiting the throughput and application scenario. Remarkably, the rapid regeneration of this property was achieved through either a 5 min rapid thermal treatment at 400 °C or a 1 s flame treatment. These are interventions that are hitherto unreported. Such short and simple treatment methods underscore the potential of laser-ablated glass for diverse practical applications.
Development and Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Authors: Huang Zhenkai , Peng Jianping , Xu Liguo , Liu Peijiang
Published: August 2024

Since the discovery of the phenomenon of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), it has gradually become an important tool for the analysis of material compositions and structures. The applications of SERS have been expanded from the fields of environmental and materials science to biomedicine due to the extremely high sensitivity and non-destructiveness of SERS-based analytical technology that even allows single-molecule detection. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) phenomenon. The content is divided into several main sections: basic principles and the significance of Raman spectroscopy; historical advancements and technological progress in SERS; and various practical applications across different fields. We also discuss how electromagnetic fields contribute to the SERS effect, the role of chemical interactions in enhancing Raman signals, a modeling and computational approaches to understand and predict SERS effects.
Modular, Physically Motivated Simulation Model of an Ultrasonic Testing System
Authors: Schäfer Marius W. , Fischer Sarah C. L.
Published: August 2024

The increasing complexity of material systems requires an extension of conventional non-destructive evaluation methods such as ultrasonic testing. Many publications have worked on extending simulation models to cover novel aspects of ultrasonic transducers, but they do not cover all components of the system. This paper presents a physically motivated, modular model that describes the complete signal flow with the aim of providing a platform for optimizing ultrasonic testing systems from individual components to the whole system level. For this purpose, the ultrasonic testing system is divided into modules, which are described by models. The modules are each parameterized by physical parameters, characteristics of real components as provided by datasheets, or by measurements. In order to validate the model, its performance is presented for three different configurations of a real test system, considering both classical sinusoidal excitation and a chirp signal. The paper demonstrates the modularity of the model, which can be adapted to the different configurations by simply adapting the modified component, thus drastically reducing the complexity of modeling a complex ultrasonic system compared to State-of-the-Art models. Based on this work, ultrasonic inspection systems can be optimized for complex applications, such as operation with coded excitation, which is a major challenge for the system components.
Safety and Effectiveness of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy May Be Improved by Proper Pre- and Post-Positioning Management of Elderly Patients with Multimorbidity
Authors: Orlandoni Paolo , Jukic Peladic Nikolina
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The main risk factors for major complications and early mortality after the positioning of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) reported in the literature are old age, multimorbidity, and the use of inappropriate methods for PEG positioning. A proper PEG positioning technique and adequate post-positioning patient management and surveillance are the main protective factors, but the information on protective factors in the literature is much poorer. The aim of this study was to provide more information on PEG-related complications and mortality in geriatric patients treated with long-term enteral nutrition administered by PEG according to a specific home enteral nutrition (HEN) protocol. Methods: This was a retrospective study based on data from 136 elderly patients in whom PEG was positioned from 2017 to 2023 at the geriatric hospital IRCCS INRCA, Ancona (Italy), 88 of whom were treated with HEN. Data on PEG-related complications, duration of HEN, hospitalizations, and mortality were analyzed. Results: No complications were registered during or immediately after the PEG positioning. The prevalence of a major complication—buried bumper—was in the lower limit of the range reported in the literature (4.32%). The prevalence of minor complications such as peristomal leakage, inadvertent tube removal, and granulation tissue was higher than that reported in the literature (14.71%, 23.53%, 29.41%), while tube blockage and peristomal site infection were less frequent (8.82%, 38.23%). Three hospitalizations for PEG-related complications occurred. Both the all-cause 30-day mortality and within-two-months mortality were lower than those in the literature (1.92% and 3.84%). Conclusions: The impact of the risk factors recognized by the literature on complications and mortality could be probably mitigated by improving the PEG placement techniques and pre- and post-PEG placement patient management practices. Data on the prevalence of complications and mortality must be interpreted in correlation to this information.
Oral Anti-Inflammatory and Symbiotic Effects of Fermented Lingonberry Juice—Potential Benefits in IBD
Authors: Pärnänen Pirjo , Räisänen Ismo T. , Sorsa Timo
Published: August 2024

Microbial dysbiosis may manifest as inflammation both orally and in the gastrointestinal tract. Altered oral and gut microbiota composition and decreased diversity have been shown in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease (PD). Recent studies have verified transmission of oral opportunistic microbes to the gut. Prebiotics, probiotics, or dietary interventions are suggested to alleviate IBD symptoms in addition to medicinal treatment. Lingonberries contain multiple bioactive molecules, phenolics, which have a broad spectrum of effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proteolytic, and anti-cancer properties. An all-natural product, fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ), is discussed as a potential natural anti-inflammatory substance. FLJ has been shown in clinical human trials to promote the growth of oral lactobacilli, and inhibit growth of the opportunistic oral pathogens Candida, Streptococcus mutans, and periodontopathogens, and decrease inflammation, oral destructive proteolysis (aMMP-8), and dental microbial plaque load. Lactobacilli are probiotic and considered also beneficial for gut health. Considering the positive outcome of these oral studies and the fact that FLJ may be swallowed safely, it might be beneficial also for the gut mucosa by balancing the microbiota and reducing proteolytic inflammation.
Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamomum cassia Oil in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Cordero-Pérez Paula , Hernández-Cruz Flor Edith , Garza-Guzmán Daniel , Moreno-Peña Diana Patricia , Sánchez-Martínez Concepción , Torres-González Liliana , Muñoz-Espinosa Linda E. , Zapata-Chavira Homero , Cura-Esquivel Idalia , Serrano-Sandoval Marisol Idalí , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Diana Raquel
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus presents a great diversity of treatments that cause adverse effects; therefore, plants are a source of compounds that may have fewer adverse effects; Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia) has compounds with potential antidiabetic activity. The objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of C. cassia oil (CCO) and its impact on oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Five groups were evaluated: (1) sham (SH), (2) 300 mg/kg CCO (CCO), (3) diabetic (D) induced with alloxan, (4) D + 300 mg/kg of CCO (D + CCO), and (5) D + 500 mg/kg of metformin (D + MET); all were treated for 5 days. CCO did not show alteration in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) vs. SH. D + CCO vs. D significantly reduced glucose (333 ± 109 vs. 458 ± 81 mg/dL), ALT (66 ± 15 vs. 160 ± 54 U/L), AST (119 ± 26 vs. 243 ± 104 U/L), and blood urea nitrogen (18.8 ± 2.3 vs. 29.2 ± 6.9 mg/dL). No significant changes were observed in D + CCO vs. D in malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas a significant reduction in MDA and GSH was achieved in D + MET, with an increase in SOD. There was a reduction in Rela and Gpx in D + CCO and D + MET vs. D. CCO has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects and reduces ALT, AST, and BUN levels.