bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm
Authors: Nandagiri Ashwin , Gaikwad Avinash Satish , Potter David L , Nosrati Reza , Soria Julio , O'Bryan Moira K , Jadhav Sameer , Prabhakar Ranganathan
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate a technique for investigating the energetics of flagella or cilia. We record the planar beating of tethered mouse sperm at high resolution. Beating waveforms are reconstructed using proper orthogonal decomposition of the centerline tangent-angle profiles. Energy conservation is employed to obtain the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors from the observed kinematics. A large proportion of the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors is dissipated internally by the motors themselves. There could also be significant dissipation within the passive structures of the flagellum. The total internal dissipation is considerably greater than the hydrodynamic dissipation in the aqueous medium outside. The net power input from the dynein motors in sperm from Crisp2-knockout mice is significantly smaller than in wildtype samples, indicating that ion-channel regulation by cysteine-rich secretory proteins controls energy flows powering the axoneme.
ImmunoCluster provides a computational framework for the nonspecialist to profile high-dimensional cytometry data
Authors: Opzoomer James W , Timms Jessica A , Blighe Kevin , Mourikis Thanos P , Chapuis Nicolas , Bekoe Richard , Kareemaghay Sedigeh , Nocerino Paola , Apollonio Benedetta , Ramsay Alan G , Tavassoli Mahvash , Harrison Claire , Ciccarelli Francesca , Parker Peter , Fontenay Michaela , Barber Paul R , Arnold James N , Kordasti Shahram
Published: April 2021

High-dimensional cytometry is an innovative tool for immune monitoring in health and disease, and it has provided novel insight into the underlying biology as well as biomarkers for a variety of diseases. However, the analysis of large multiparametric datasets usually requires specialist computational knowledge. Here, we describe ImmunoCluster (https://github.com/kordastilab/ImmunoCluster), an R package for immune profiling cellular heterogeneity in high-dimensional liquid and imaging mass cytometry, and flow cytometry data, designed to facilitate computational analysis by a nonspecialist. The analysis framework implemented within ImmunoCluster is readily scalable to millions of cells and provides a variety of visualization and analytical approaches, as well as a rich array of plotting tools that can be tailored to users’ needs. The protocol consists of three core computational stages: (1) data import and quality control; (2) dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering; and (3) annotation and differential testing, all contained within an R-based open-source framework.
Molecular insights into substrate recognition and discrimination by the N-terminal domain of Lon AAA+ protease
Authors: Tzeng Shiou-Ru , Tseng Yin-Chu , Lin Chien-Chu , Hsu Chia-Ying , Huang Shing-Jong , Kuo Yi-Ting , Chang Chung-I
Published: April 2021

The Lon AAA+ protease (LonA) is a ubiquitous ATP-dependent proteolytic machine, which selectively degrades damaged proteins or native proteins carrying exposed motifs (degrons). Here we characterize the structural basis for substrate recognition and discrimination by the N-terminal domain (NTD) of LonA. The results reveal that the six NTDs are attached to the hexameric LonA chamber by flexible linkers such that the formers tumble independently of the latter. Further spectral analyses show that the NTD selectively interacts with unfolded proteins, protein aggregates, and degron-tagged proteins by two hydrophobic patches of its N-lobe, but not intrinsically disordered substrate, α-casein. Moreover, the NTD selectively binds to protein substrates when they are thermally induced to adopt unfolded conformations. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that NTDs enable LonA to perform protein quality control to selectively degrade proteins in damaged states and suggest that substrate discrimination and selective degradation by LonA are mediated by multiple NTD interactions.
The transcription factor Rreb1 regulates epithelial architecture, invasiveness, and vasculogenesis in early mouse embryos
Authors: Morgani Sophie M , Su Jie , Nichols Jennifer , Massagué Joan , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina
Published: April 2021

Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 (Rreb1) is a zinc-finger transcription factor acting downstream of RAS signaling. Rreb1 has been implicated in cancer and Noonan-like RASopathies. However, little is known about its role in mammalian non-disease states. Here, we show that Rreb1 is essential for mouse embryonic development. Loss of Rreb1 led to a reduction in the expression of vasculogenic factors, cardiovascular defects, and embryonic lethality. During gastrulation, the absence of Rreb1 also resulted in the upregulation of cytoskeleton-associated genes, a change in the organization of F-ACTIN and adherens junctions within the pluripotent epiblast, and perturbed epithelial architecture. Moreover, Rreb1 mutant cells ectopically exited the epiblast epithelium through the underlying basement membrane, paralleling cell behaviors observed during metastasis. Thus, disentangling the function of Rreb1 in development should shed light on its role in cancer and other diseases involving loss of epithelial integrity.
CD8+ T cell self-tolerance permits responsiveness but limits tissue damage
Authors: Truckenbrod Emily N , Burrack Kristina S , Knutson Todd P , Borges da Silva Henrique , Block Katharine E , O'Flanagan Stephen D , Stagliano Katie R , Hurwitz Arthur A , Fulton Ross B , Renkema Kristin R , Jameson Stephen C
Published: April 2021

Self-specific CD8+T cells can escape clonal deletion, but the properties and capabilities of such cells in a physiological setting are unclear. We characterized polyclonal CD8+ T cells specific for the melanocyte antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) in mice expressing or lacking this enzyme (due to deficiency in Dct, which encodes Trp2). Phenotypic and gene expression profiles of pre-immune Trp2/Kb-specific cells were similar; the size of this population was only slightly reduced in wild-type (WT) compared to Dct-deficient (Dct-/-) mice. Despite comparable initial responses to Trp2 immunization, WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells showed blunted expansion and less readily differentiated into a CD25+proliferative population. Functional self-tolerance clearly emerged when assessing immunopathology: adoptively transferred WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells mediated vitiligo much less efficiently. Hence, CD8+ T cell self-specificity is poorly predicted by precursor frequency, phenotype, or even initial responsiveness, while deficient activation-induced CD25 expression and other gene expression characteristics may help to identify functionally tolerant cells.
Epigenetic analysis of Paget’s disease of bone identifies differentially methylated loci that predict disease status
Authors: Diboun Ilhame , Wani Sachin , Ralston Stuart H , Albagha Omar ME
Published: April 2021

Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by focal increases in disorganized bone remodeling. This study aims to characterize PDB-associated changes in DNA methylation profiles in patients’ blood. Meta-analysis of data from the discovery and cross-validation set, each comprising 116 PDB cases and 130 controls, revealed significant differences in DNA methylation at 14 CpG sites, 4 CpG islands, and 6 gene-body regions. These loci, including two characterized as functional through expression quantitative trait-methylation analysis, were associated with functions related to osteoclast differentiation, mechanical loading, immune function, and viral infection. A multivariate classifier based on discovery samples was found to discriminate PDB cases and controls from the cross-validation with a sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.81, and an area under curve of 92.8%. In conclusion, this study has shown for the first time that epigenetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PDB and may offer diagnostic markers for prediction of the disease.
De novo macrocyclic peptides dissect energy coupling of a heterodimeric ABC transporter by multimode allosteric inhibition
Authors: Stefan Erich , Obexer Richard , Hofmann Susanne , Vu Huu Khanh , Huang Yichao , Morgner Nina , Suga Hiroaki , Tampé Robert
Published: April 2021

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute the largest family of primary active transporters involved in a multitude of physiological processes and human diseases. Despite considerable efforts, it remains unclear how ABC transporters harness the chemical energy of ATP to drive substrate transport across cell membranes. Here, by random nonstandard peptide integrated discovery (RaPID), we leveraged combinatorial macrocyclic peptides that target a heterodimeric ABC transport complex and explore fundamental principles of the substrate translocation cycle. High-affinity peptidic macrocycles bind conformationally selective and display potent multimode inhibitory effects. The macrocycles block the transporter either before or after unidirectional substrate export along a single conformational switch induced by ATP binding. Our study reveals mechanistic principles of ATP binding, conformational switching, and energy transduction for substrate transport of ABC export systems. We highlight the potential of de novo macrocycles as effective inhibitors for membrane proteins implicated in multidrug resistance, providing avenues for the next generation of pharmaceuticals.
Revisión de estudios sobre metáforas conceptuales en ciencia y educación científica
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Salinas Barrios Iván
Published: April 2021

Esta revisión de literatura sintetiza los aportes de la investigación al estudio de metáforas conceptuales en educación científica. A propósito de la relevancia del fenómeno lingüístico de las metáforas conceptuales en el desarrollo de conceptos científicos, se hace necesario entender cómo ha influido la metáfora conceptual en el campo de estudios sobre aprendizaje y enseñanza de las ciencias. A partir de la teoría de metáfora conceptual, con la relevancia del experiencialismo y la tesis de la cognición incorporada, este trabajo presenta una revisión hermenéutica de 31 fuentes académicas publicadas principalmente en la última década sobre metáforas conceptuales en ciencias y educación científica. Se discuten e identifican algunos espacios para avanzar una agenda de investigación con potencialidad práctica y didáctica que involucre una mayor consideración sobre las relaciones entre el cuerpo humano, el ambiente, y el lenguaje en el aprendizaje escolar de las ciencias.
Estimación de carbono orgánico del suelo en Colombia, una herramienta de gestión del territorio
Authors: Bolívar Gamboa Adriana , Camacho Hilarión Camilo Andrés , Ordoñez Delgado Napoleón , Gutiérrez Díaz Joan , Alvarez Lucero Germán , Guevara Santamaría Mario , Olivera Carolina , Olmedo Guillermo , Bunning Sally , Vargas Ronald
Published: April 2021

El suelo desarrolla funciones base que proporcionan valiosos servicios ecosistémicos, como la captura de carbono. En el marco de gestión del territorio, es importante contar con información nacional confiable y representativa para mantener la calidad y salud del suelo en el país. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer el contenido y distribución de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) hasta 30 cm en Colombia, con resolución espacial de 1 km, usando técnicas de mapeo digital de suelos. La motivacion principal de este trabajo fue documentar la contribucion de Colombia al mapa global de COS de la FAO. Se utilizó información de 4329 perfiles de suelo, distribuidos en los 32 departamentos del país, recopilados entre los años 1970 y 2012. Estos datos se relacionaron con la información de 140 covariables que describen los factores de formación de los suelos (clima, topografía, cobertura y uso de la tierra, tipo de suelos, material parental). El modelado espacial predictivo se realizó con Regression Kriging y se evaluó mediante validación cruzada y revisión por expertos. Los residuales del modelo ajustado se interpolaron para la obtención del mapa de incertidumbre de la predicción. Los resultados se compararon con productos similares preexistentes de mayor resolución espacial (SoilGrids 250m), obteniendo que el modelo ajustado representa la variabilidad del COS con mayor exactitud (r2=0.49 y RMSE=0.71). El clima es el factor que explicó en mayor medida el comportamiento de la variable. El producto fue validado por expertos nacionales y se busca que este insumo sea considerado como un apoyo para la toma de decisiones en la gestión del territorio y así fortalecer los compromisos del país en degradación de tierras y cambio climático.
Influencia de la gestión agroganadera y las variables climáticas y topográficas en los cambios de abundancia de la rata topera (Arvicola scherman) en el Oeste del Pirineo
Authors: Villanúa Diego , Díez-Huget Pablo , Leránoz Isabel , Mateo-Moriones Ainhoa , Markina Juan , Alzaga Vanessa , Astrain Carlos , Martínez-Padilla Jesús
Published: April 2021

La rata topera (Arvicola scherman) es una especie de gran interés, tanto por su papel como presa de multitud de depredadores, como por el impacto de sus daños sobre la agricultura. Las variaciones en su abundancia poblacional y el papel de los factores que la modulan han sido ampliamente estudiadas en el norte de Europa, pero hasta el momento, se carecía de esta información para las poblaciones del Pirineo. En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el plan de monitorización de la especie en Navarra desde 2016 hasta 2020, describiendo tanto los cambios de abundancia registrados, como la influencia de los factores ambientales y de gestión agroganadera analizados. Describimos una variación de la abundancia a lo largo del año, con valores significativamente mayores en primavera que en verano; y entre los 5 años de muestreo, con una abundancia significativamente mayor en 2016 y 2020. La pluviometría acumulada en los meses previos al censo y el pastoreo con ovejas han sido los factores retenidos en los modelos con influencia significativa. Ambos han ejercido un efecto positivo sobre la rata topera, aumentando su abundancia al incrementarse la pluviometría y con el aprovechamiento con ganado ovino. Se discute el papel de estos factores y otras variables de estructura del paisaje y de gestión agrícola en los cambios de abundancia poblacional de la rata topera.
Role of Microbial Biomechanics in Composting with Special Reference to Lignocellulose Biomass Digestion
Authors: Ghanney Philip , Kugbe Joseph Xorse , Anning Dominic Kwadwo
Published: April 2021

Biomass transformation of lignocellulose into compost offers ‘green’ technology for sustainable agricultural development. So far, biomass conversion into compost outweighs fossil resources and other conversational techniques due to the low production cost and environmental pollution reduction. Although composting has aesthetically been resorted to in the digestibility of lignocellulose biomass, its realization has keenly been directed towards adding chemical reagents. However, inclining massively to this treatment instigated research bias as microorganisms’ biomass digestibility remains mostly inadequate. Besides, proliferated growth and activities of microorganisms native to lignocellulose biomass are usually disrupted by chemical treatment. The microbial flora (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, archaea, and yeast) involved in composting synthesizes complex biocatalysts (enzymes) that are crucial for solubilizing the biopolymers of lignocellulose materials at a density of 1012 cells g-1. Filamentous fungi are by far excellent degraders of lignocellulose in nature. To adequately ensure sustainable lignocellulose digestibility, microbial engineers must subject research studies to surpassing conditions (feedstock formulation and management processes) suitable for inducing ligninolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Hence, the state-of-the-art-method of this review provides insights that relate to mechanisms of microbial reactions on the digestibility of lignocellulose biomass during composting.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Two Bacterial Strains with Higher Bioleaching Potentials, from Agbaja Mines (Kogi State, Nigeria)
Authors: Emmanuel Ekpa , Abdullateef Abdulrahman , Saleh Jamila , Bolanle Muhibat Komolafe
Published: April 2021

Bacterial strains with higher bioleaching capacity (BC) are relevant for the mining industry, being more eco-friendly methods, for instance more than cyanide based extraction.  Microbiological samples were collected from selected sites in Agbaja Mines, which after a growth enrichment step, cultures were screened for iron BC, including chemical quantification of iron species. Strains with the highest BC were morphologically, biochemically and molecularly characterized. Two bacterial strains with iron BC Leptospirillum sp. And Acidithiobacillus sp. (AGBAJA-1 and AGBAJA-2, respectively) were isolated from Agbaja Mines of Kogi State Nigeria.  Bioleaching studies carried out shows that prior to inoculation of the iron ore solution with the organisms, raw Agbaja iron ore had a concentration of 25.10 mg/g iron while Zinc, Copper and Lead were 1.3903 mg/g, 0.094 mg/g, and 0.2813 mg/g respectively from X-ray diffraction analysis. The degree of bioleaching as a function of the amount of iron leached into solution was higher (in four weeks bioleaching test) than the other metals. Molecular characterization by sequencing  the 16S ribosomal unit, amplification with universal primers, yielded high quality amplicons that were sequenced.  Their phylogenetic/Blast comparison showed more than 97% relationships with Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans ATCC 23270 and Leptospirillum ferrovirans DSM 15468, families of bacteria in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) data bank. These are moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria that may represent an opportunity for developing a greener iron extraction process.
Online Trading Effectiveness in Nepal Share Market: Investors Awareness, Challenges and Managerial Solution
Authors: Devkota Niranjan , Budhathoki Ashish , Paudel Udaya Raj , Adhikari Dipak Bahadur , Bhandari Udbodh , Parajuli Seeprata
Published: April 2021

Over a long time, the developing businesses have a brief history of victory all due to web. The online exchange forms of back comprehensive of buying and offering of bonds, stocks and other ventures, these all comes beneath online exchanging. Even though the world has already adopted the online trading, in Nepal it was recently introduced. This paper aims to explore online trading effectiveness in Nepal Share Market. Explanatory research design is applied in this study.  Both primary and secondary sources are used for collecting various data and information in the study. Quantitative technique is used for data analysis. Most of the respondents responded that they are involved and fully aware of the online trading. Majority of respondent agreed that they use both fundamental analysis as well as technical analysis for online trading. Similarly, most of the respondents expressed their opinion that technological factor caused problem on online trading.
Descriptive analysis of the hospital morbimortality due to acute myocardial infarction in the federative republic of Brazil / Análise descritiva da morbimortalidade hospitalar por infarto agudo do miocárdio na república federativa do Brasil
Authors: Souza Júnior Edison Vitório de , Nunes Gabriel Aguiar , Cruz Diego Pires , Rosa Randson Souza , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Boery Eduardo Nagib
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: descrever a morbimortalidade hospitalar por Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio no Brasil entre 2012 e 2017. Métodos: estudo ecológico e descritivo realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares. As variáveis foram: as 5 regiões brasileiras, sexo, faixa etária e raça/cor. Resultados: houve registro de 502.106 internações e 58.050 óbitos, correspondendo a mortalidade de 11,56%. O sudeste obteve maior porcentagem de internações (50,14%) e óbitos (48,85%), enquanto o nordeste maior mortalidade (12,67%). Os homens se destacaram nas internações (63,46%) e óbitos (55,77%), enquanto as mulheres na mortalidade (13,99%). Pessoas entre 60 e 64 anos tiveram maior prevalência nas internações (15,46%) e idosos ≥ 80 anos nos óbitos (22,39%) e mortalidade (26,6%). Os autodeclarados brancos se destacaram nas internações (40,82%) e óbitos (39,46%) e os indígenas na mortalidade (17,86%). Conclusão: torna-se necessário o aperfeiçoamento das medidas de prevenção e controle, especialmente nos grupos com maior mortalidade.
Living disorders in the practice of obstetric nurse care: the complex look at the phenomenon / Vivenciando as desordens na prática do cuidado do enfermeiro obstetra: o olhar complexo ao fenômeno
Authors: Costa Maria Cláudia Medeiros Dantas de Rubim , Farias Pedro Henrique Silva de , Santos Flávia Andréia Pereira Soares dos , Enders Bertha Cruz , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Compreender as desordens vivenciadas pelo enfermeiro em sua prática do cuidado no parto, à luz da Complexidade. Método: Estudo qualitativo com delineamento da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como referencial metodológico e a Teoria da Complexidade como suporte teórico. Foram entrevistados 31 participantes de maternidades do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil organizados em três grupos amostrais de enfermeiros, gestores de saúde e médicos. Resultados: Os enfermeiros obstetras vivenciam desordens em relação à sua autonomia, ao poder do médico e a violência obstétrica no processo de parto, à falta de apoio da gestão de saúde e gestão das maternidades, à falta de organização da rede e, como consequência, vivenciam sentimentos negativos na atuação. Conclusão: Essas deverão ser superadas como possibilidade de mudança no modelo de atenção do enfermeiro obstetra.
Life reports on alcoholism: implications for the self-care / Relatos de vida sobre o alcoolismo: implicações para o cuidado de si
Authors: Cunha Natacha Mariana Farias da , Silva Sílvio Éder Dias da , Araújo Jeferson Santos , Santos Arielle Lima dos , Moura Adriana Alaide Alves
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as Representações Sociais de mulheres alcoolistas sobre o alcoolismo; Analisar as implicações dessas representações sociais para a adoção do cuidado de si. método: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, que utiliza o método de história de vida para captar as representações sociais dos sujeitos do estudo acerca do tema. O campo de pesquisa foi o Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA) da cidade de Belém. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 40 mulheres e os critérios de inclusão foram: estar participando das reuniões do AA, estar em abstinência e ser mulher. Resultados: duas vertentes foram selecionadas. A primeira destaca as lutas diárias de mulheres alcoolistas para vencer o desejo de consumo. A segunda vertente enfatiza a representação do cuidado de si como ponto de partida para o cuidado de enfermagem. Conclusão: As mulheres alcoolistas vivem diariamente lutas para vencer a compulsão por bebidas alcoólicas.
Sickle cell anemia: perception of health professionals and managers about the structuring of the care network / Anemia falciforme: percepção dos profissionais de saúde e gestores acerca da estruturação da rede de atenção
Authors: Vieira Pimentel Edilberto Duarte , Braga Duarte Pimentel Clayanne Reis , Gomes Leal Erika Layne , Nunes Carvalho Gerdane Celene , De Souza Vieira Ana Cristina , Formiga Moura Barroso Laise Maria
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Investigar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde e gestores acerca da estruturação das redes de atenção à saúde às pessoas com anemia falciforme. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal. A abordagem utilizada foi à triangulação de métodos. Foi realizado com 15 profissionais de saúde e gestores. Os dados foram coletados no período de março a junho de 2016 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi realizada a estatística descritiva com os dados quantitativos, já os qualitativos foram interpretados por meio de leitura e processo de categorização. Resultados: Falta de compreensão dos participantes sobre a rede de atenção as pessoas com anemia falciforme, bem como o desconhecimento sobre as políticas e demais aspectos, influenciando diretamente na qualidade e eficiência da assistência prestada. Conclusão: É necessário que os gestores proporcionem oportunidades de qualificações e os profissionais se capacitem para prestarem uma assistência eficaz a pessoa com anemia falciforme.
Assessment and management of pain in the neonatal unit / Práticas de avaliação e manejo da dor na unidade neonatal
Authors: Araújo Beatriz Silva , Araújo Barbara Bertolossi Marta , Araújo Marcelle Campos , Pacheco Sandra Texeira de Araújo , Reis Adriana Teixeira , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a frequência de dificuldade dos profissionais na observação dos parâmetros da escala de Neonatal Infant Pain Scale no Recém-nascido. Descrever os tipos e frequência das medidas não farmacológicas de alívio e prevenção da dor que são utilizadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, transversal, com análise estatística através do programa IBM SPSS versão 21.0. A população do estudo foi composta por 55 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. Para coleta dos dados foi realizada entrega de questionário aos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, a fim de identificar os tipos e frequência da aplicação de medidas de alívio da dor. Resultados: os profissionais de enfermagem realizam avaliação da dor majoritariamente de forma empírica, assim como a realização de medidas não farmacológicas de alivio. Conclusão: Há a necessidade de realização de ações de educação permanente para atualização de protocolos institucionais, contribuindo para a humanização da assistência e eficiência do cuidado.
Burden of caregivers of patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy: relationship to functional capacity / Sobrecarga de cuidadores de pacientes com Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne: relação com a capacidade funcional
Authors: Eduardo Iriana Moraes , De Oliveira Lorrane Caroline , Martins Ribeiro Maysa Ferreira , Martins Prudente Cejane Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Relacionar a capacidade funcional de pacientes com Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne com a sobrecarga dos seus cuidadores familiares. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra composta por 35 pacientes e seus cuidadores familiares, de um centro de reabilitação de Goiânia-GO. Foram utilizados para avaliação da capacidade funcional a Escala de Vignos, Medida da Função Motora, Índice de Barthel e Escala Egen Klassification e para avaliação da sobrecarga o Burden Interview. Resultados: Os cuidadores estavam com sobrecarga moderada, com média de 23,6 (±10,3). A pontuação média dos instrumentos demonstrou que os pacientes estavam em fase avançada de estadiamento da doença e prejuízo da capacidade funcional. Não foi encontrada relação significativa entre a sobrecarga dos cuidadores e a capacidade funcional dos pacientes. Conclusão: O cuidador está diretamente ligado à função de zelar do paciente, portanto a equipe multiprofissional precisa se atentar também à saúde mental deste, oferecendo suporte para intervenções especializadas.
Handgrip strength and the fear of falling in elderly / Força de preensão palmar em idosos e o medo de cair
Authors: Garcia Ana Júlia de Souza , Toy Isabella Ue , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda , Bernuci Marcelo Picinin , Peres Patrícia Nascimento
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre a força de preensão palmar, o medo de quedas, e dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos entre indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais.Método: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa do tipo transversal realizado no município de Maringá – Paraná. Foram obtidos dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos, seguido pelo preenchimento do instrumento “Escala de Eficácia de Quedas – Internacional” (FES – I Brasil). A força de preensão palmar (FPP) foi determinada com dinamômetro manual digital (T.K.K. 5401 Grip-D, Takey®, Smedley; Tokyo, Japan).Resultados: Dentre os 258 indivíduos que participaram da pesquisa, a maior parte (66,28%) eram mulheres. 64% dos entrevistados mostrou grande preocupação em cair, apesar de aproximadamente 60% dos entrevistados apresentar FPP normal. Conclusão: Para os idosos hígidos a força de preensão palmar não influenciou no medo de cair, por ser uma medida subjetiva, não se relaciona com a capacidade muscular global para evitar quedas.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in low weight newborns: hierarchized analysis of associated factors / Enterocolite necrosante em recém-nascidos de baixo peso: análise hierarquizada dos fatores associados
Authors: Buna Camila Maria Santana Costa , Serra Humberto Oliveira , Soeiro Vanessa Moreira da Silva , Ericeira Vanessa Virgínia Lopes , Caldas Arlene de Jesus Mendes
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de enterocolite necrosante (ECN) e os fatores associados ao seu desenvolvimento em recém-nascidos (RN) de baixo peso. Métodos: Estudo caso controle, em duas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal de São Luís-MA. Amostra 1:3, nível de confiança de 95% e poder do estudo de 80%, total de 236 RN de baixo peso, sendo 59 RN com ECN (grupo caso) e 177 RN sem ECN (grupo controle). As variáveis maternas e neonatais foram organizadas em blocos e em níveis (distal, intermediário e proximal). Para verificar associação com a variável resposta ECN empregou-se a regressão logística hierarquizada. Resultados: Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante com ECN, o uso de corticóide antenatal (OR=2,90; p<0,001), líquido amniótico reduzido (OR=2,03; p<0,001), reanimação ao nascimento (OR=1,35; p=0,010), peso ao nascimento ≤1500g (OR=3,32; p<0,001), transfusão (OR=2,11 ; p=0,040) e uso de surfactante (OR=2,41; p=0,020). Conclusão: Os aspectos maternos (período gestacional) e os neonatais (nascimento e hospitalização) podem estar influenciando no aparecimento da ECN. Intervenção nestas variáveis pode diminuir a chance de ECN.
Factors associated with hypertensive pregnancy syndrome: analysis multiple in hierarchical models / Fatores associados à síndrome hipertensiva da gestação: análise múltipla em modelos hierarquizados
Authors: Soares Leticia gramazio , Lentsck Maicon Henrique
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados a Síndrome Hipertensiva da Gestação. Método: estudo transversal, observacional, do qual participaram 314 gestantes, realizado em um município do interior do Paraná. As variáveis foram agrupadas em níveis de maneira hierarquizada. O nível distal contemplou variáveis de caráter biológico; intermediário as características sociodemográficas e de estilo de vida; proximal as variáveis da assistência pré-natal. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: os fatores associados foram: obesidade e a doença crônica não transmissível, no nível distal; cuidados com a alimentação e recebimento de benefício social apresentaram associação no nível intermediário; no nível proximal, consulta com especialista, acompanhamento nutricional e obesidade gestacional. Doença crônica não transmissível, cuidados com a alimentação e acompanhamento nutricional demonstraram-se  fatores protecionais. Conclusão: os fatores associados à SHG são amplos e abarcam aspectos que devem ser considerados não somente na assistência pré-natal, mas no cuidado à saúde da mulher em idade fértil.
Non-invasive technologies for pain relief in parturition / Tecnologias não invasivas para o alívio da dor na parturição
Authors: Pimentel Mariana Machado , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Branco Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker , Vieira Raquel Santana , Marchiori Giovanna Rosario Soanno
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar as tecnologias não invasivas de alívio da dor no parto e nascimento. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura, com 13 artigos obtidos nas bases de dados Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, SciVerse Scopus TopCited, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e a biblioteca virtual Scientific Electronic Library Online entre o período de 2010 a 2016. Resultados: observou o uso de mais de duas tecnologias não farmacológicas no processo de parto e nascimento, como aromaterapia isolada ou somada a mais uma tecnologia; aplicação isolada de frio e/ou calor; uso da bola suíça/bola de parto. Conclusão: a utilização de novas tecnologias no processo parturitivo resgata a autonomia da mulher frente ao seu corpo.
Post-surgical deaths in neonates with congenital malformations in the digestive or musculoskeletal systems / Óbitos pós-cirúrgicos em neonatos com malformações congênitas do aparelho digestivo ou osteomuscular
Authors: Silva de Alencar Suzy Romere , Carreiro Santiago Anna Katharinne , Cardoso de Sousa Vieira Bianca Maria , De Carvalho Marianne Rocha Duarte
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de óbitos pós-cirúrgicos em recém-nascidos com malformação do aparelho digestivo ou osteomuscular em uma maternidade de referência. Método: estudo exploratório, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma maternidade de referência localizada em Teresina – PI. Os dados foram coletados do Tabwin e de fichas de investigação de óbito infantil de neonatos nascidos em 2016 e 2017 e analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: o tipo de malformação mais prevalente do aparelho digestivo e osteomuscular entre os neonatos que foram a óbito após cirurgia foi o ânus imperfurado (41%) e a gastrosquise (64,2%), respectivamente. O choque séptico, seguido da insuficiência renal aguda foram os fatores determinantes dos óbitos analisados. Conclusão: o diagnóstico precoce é o fator primordial para redução da morbimortalidade de neonatos acometidos por malformações congênitas, uma vez que contribui para o direcionamento e planejamento dos cuidados imprescindíveis a esses pacientes.
Single Administration of a Biodegradable, Separable Microneedle Can Substitute for Repeated Application of Eyedrops in the Treatment of Infectious Keratitis
Authors: Park SeungHyun , Lee KangJu , Kang Heekyoung , Lee YeJin , Lee JiYong , Kim Jeong Hun , Song Hyun Beom , Ryu WonHyoung
Published: April 2021

Infectious keratitis is mainly treated with topical antibiotics. To achieve and maintain the required therapeutic concentration in the cornea where the tear fluid continuously rinses the surface, the antibiotics must be frequently applied, even while the patient is sleeping, and oral medication is sometimes required. However, the inevitably poor compliance and avascular nature of the cornea decrease drug bioavailability. In this study, a single microneedle (MN) is injected into the cornea to substitute for the repeated application of eyedrops in the treatment of infectious keratitis. After comparing the mechanical integrity and drug release profiles of three different drug‐tips, the drug‐tip with the “high” drug concentration that releases 12.5 ng drug within 3 days is applied to a cornea to evaluate the transferability and in vivo drug release. In the treatment of infectious keratitis with repeated application of eyedrops for six consecutive days, a single MN injection is substituted for the initial 3 days of eyedrop applications. The progression remains similarly attenuated after 3 days without eyedrops, and comparable efficacy is achieved on day 6 when combined with delayed eyedrop treatment from day 3. Thus, the single administration of a biodegradable MN can substitute for the repeated application of eyedrops in the treatment of infectious keratitis.
High‐Performance Solar Blind UV Photodetectors Based on Single‐Crystal Si/β‐Ga2O3 p‐n Heterojunction
Authors: Zheng Yixiong , Hasan Md Nazmul , Seo Jung‐Hun
Published: April 2021

In this study, Si/β‐Ga2O3 solar‐blind photodetectors (PDs) have been demonstrated via micro‐transfer printing of a single crystalline Si pillar on β‐Ga2O3. Unlike other previous approaches for β‐Ga2O3 based heterojunction, this new single crystalline p‐n Si/β‐Ga2O3 heterojunction has a particle‐free heterointerface and does not show any sign of internal strain after the heterogeneous integration that is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. As a result, PDs exhibit extremely high photoresponsivity (748 A W−1), quantum efficiency (3.67 × 105%), and UV/visible rejection ratio (≈105) under UV light illumination. This result is believed to provide a viable route for the realization of high‐performance solar‐blind photodetection systems, which form some of the most indispensable and important components in high‐performance next‐generation security, biomedical, and environmental monitoring systems. Also, the unique heterogeneous integration method allows us to realize a variety of β‐Ga2O3 based heterostructures that can further enhance the optical performances of β‐Ga2O3 based PDs.
Mononuclear and Dinuclear Copper Complexes of Tridentate Redox‐active Ligands with Tunable H‐bonding Donors: Structure, Spectroscopy and H+/e− Reactivity
Authors: Wu Tong , Musgrove Justin , Siegler Maxime A. , Garcia‐Bosch Isaac
Published: April 2021

In this research article, we describe the synthesis and characterization of mononuclear and dinuclear Cu complexes bound by a family of tridentate redox‐active ligands with tunable H‐bonding donors. The mononuclear Cu‐anion complexes were oxidized to the corresponding “high‐valent” intermediates by oxidation of the redox‐active ligand. These species were capable of oxidizing phenols with weak O−H bonds via H‐atom abstraction. Thermodynamic analysis of the H‐atom abstractions, which included reduction potential measurements, pKa determination and kinetic studies, revealed that modification of the anion coordinated to the Cu and changes in the H‐bonding donor did not lead to major differences in the reactivity of the “high‐valent” CuY complexes (Y: hydroxide, phenolate and acetate), which indicated that the tridentate ligand scaffold acts as the H+ and e− acceptor.
Application of hybrid swarming algorithm on flexible job shop scheduling problems
Authors: Zhang Yi , Sun Mengdi , Xu Yong
Published: April 2021

In this article, we present an improved hybrid algorithm based on ant colony optimization and the polycephalum algorithm. First, we use improved the probability selection mechanism in the ant colony algorithm in order to improve the efficiency of next point searching. Second, in each iteration we update the pheromone concentration of the optimal route by using the polycephalum algorithm. We regard the starting point of the optimal route as the water injection point and the end point as the water outlet point. The hybrid algorithm is compared on multiple TSPLIB problems and flexible job shop scheduling problems. And experiments show that the improved algorithm has good application results and resultful in accuracy and optimal solutions.
The combination of carboxy‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I blood levels and late gadolinium enhancement at cardiac magnetic resonance provides additional prognostic information in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy – A multilevel assessment of myocardial fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Raafs Anne G. , Verdonschot Job A.J. , Henkens Michiel T.H.M. , Adriaans Bouke P. , Wang Ping , Derks Kasper , Abdul Hamid Myrurgia A. , Knackstedt Christian , van Empel Vanessa P.M. , Díez Javier , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Brunner Han G. , González Arantxa , Bekkers Sebastiaan C.A.M. , Heymans Stephane R.B. , Hazebroek Mark R.
Published: April 2021

Aims

To determine the prognostic value of multilevel assessment of fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients.

Methods and results

We quantified fibrosis in 209 DCM patients at three levels: (i) non‐invasive late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) at cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR); (ii) blood biomarkers [amino‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP) and carboxy‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP)], (iii) invasive endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) (collagen volume fraction, CVF). Both LGE and elevated blood PICP levels, but neither PIIINP nor CVF predicted a worse outcome defined as death, heart transplantation, heart failure hospitalization, or life‐threatening arrhythmias, after adjusting for known clinical predictors [adjusted hazard ratios: LGE 3.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–6.60; P < 0.001 and PICP 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03; P = 0.001]. The combination of LGE and PICP provided the highest prognostic benefit in prediction (likelihood ratio test P = 0.007) and reclassification (net reclassification index: 0.28, P = 0.02; and integrated discrimination improvement index: 0.139, P = 0.01) when added to the clinical prediction model. Moreover, patients with a combination of LGE and elevated PICP (LGE+/PICP+) had the worst prognosis (log‐rank P < 0.001). RNA‐sequencing and gene enrichment analysis of EMB showed an increased expression of pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory pathways in patients with high levels of fibrosis (LGE+/PICP+) compared to patients with low levels of fibrosis (LGE‐/PICP‐). This would suggest the validity of myocardial fibrosis detection by LGE and PICP, as the subsequent generated fibrotic risk profiles are associated with distinct cardiac transcriptomic profiles.

Conclusion

The combination of myocardial fibrosis at CMR and circulating PICP levels provides additive prognostic value accompanied by a pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory transcriptomic profile in DCM patients with LGE and elevated PICP.
Hearing and vision health for people with dementia in residential long term care: Knowledge, attitudes and practice in England, South Korea, India, Greece, Indonesia and Australia
Authors: Dawes Piers , Leroi Iracema , Chauhan Nisha , Han Woojae , Harbishettar Vijaykumar , Jayakody Dona M.P. , Jones Louise , Konstantinou Adamos , Maharani Asri , Martini Angelita , Politis Antonios , Prabhakar Suhan , Prew Sandra , Prouskas Costis , Russell Gregor , Sturrock Angus , Sunarti Sri , Taylor Joanne , Vorvolakos Theofanis , Worthington Mark
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Up to 90% of people with dementia in long term care (LTC) have hearing and/or vision impairment. Hearing/vision difficulties are frequently under‐recognised or incompletely managed. The impacts of hearing/vision impairment include more rapid cognitive decline, behavioural disturbances, reduced quality of life, and greater care burden. This research investigated LTC staff knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding hearing/vision care needs for residents with dementia.

Methods

A survey of staff in LTC facilities in England, South Korea, India, Greece, Indonesia and Australia. Respondents used a five‐point scale to indicate agreement or YES/NO response to questions regarding sensory‐cognitive care knowledge (what is known); attitudes (what is thought); practice (what is done).

Results

Respondents reported high awareness of hearing/vision care needs, although awareness of how to identify hearing/vison difficulties or refer for assessment was low. Most felt that residents were not able to use hearing/vision devices effectively due to poor fit, being poorly tolerated or lost or broken devices. A substantial minority of respondents reported low confidence in supporting use of assistive hearing/vision devices, with lack of training the main reason. Most staff did not undertake routine checking of hearing/vision devices, and it was rare for facilities to have designated staff responsible for sensory needs. Variation among countries was not significant after accounting for staff experience and having received dementia training.

Conclusions

There is a need to improve sensory support for people with dementia in LTC facilities internationally. Practice guidelines and training to enhance sensory‐cognitive knowledge, attitudes and practice in professional care teams is called for.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Utility of Liver Biochemistry as Prognostic Markers in Hospitalized Patients With Corona Virus Disease 2019
Authors: Wang Tingyan , Smith David A. , Campbell Cori , Harris Steve , Salih Hizni , Várnai Kinga A. , Woods Kerrie , Noble Theresa , Freeman Oliver , Moysova Zuzana , Marjot Thomas , Webb Gwilym J. , Davies Jim , Barnes Eleanor , Matthews Philippa C.
Published: April 2021

The association of liver biochemistry with clinical outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is currently unclear, and the utility of longitudinally measured liver biochemistry as prognostic markers for mortality is unknown. We aimed to determine whether abnormal liver biochemistry, assessed at baseline and at repeat measures over time, was associated with death in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 compared to those without COVID‐19, in a United Kingdom population. We extracted routinely collected clinical data from a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom, matching 585 hospitalized patients who were SARS‐CoV‐2 real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) positive to 1,165 hospitalized patients who were RT‐PCR negative for age, sex, ethnicity, and preexisting comorbidities. A total of 26.8% (157/585) of patients with COVID‐19 died compared to 11.9% (139/1,165) in the group without COVID‐19 (P < 0.001). At presentation, a significantly higher proportion of the group with COVID‐19 had elevated alanine aminotransferase (20.7% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.004) and hypoalbuminemia (58.7% vs. 35.0%, P < 0.001) compared to the group without COVID‐19. Within the group with COVID‐19, those with hypoalbuminemia at presentation had 1.83‐fold increased hazards of death compared to those with normal albumin (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25‐2.67), while the hazard of death was ~4‐fold higher in those aged ≥75 years (adjusted HR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.59‐6.04) and ~3‐fold higher in those with preexisting liver disease (adjusted HR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.58‐7.16). In the group with COVID‐19, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased (R = 0.192, P < 0.0001) and albumin declined (R = −0.123, P = 0.0004) over time in patients who died. Conclusion: In this United Kingdom population, liver biochemistry is commonly deranged in patients with COVID‐19. Baseline hypoalbuminemia and rising ALP over time could be prognostic markers for death, but investigation of larger cohorts is required to develop a better understanding of the relationship between liver biochemistry and disease outcome.
Variation in rice water requirement and its influencing factors in Poyang Lake basin during the past 30 years*
Authors: Liu Fangping , Xu Junzeng , Yang Shihong , Huang Yongzhong , Liang Ju
Published: April 2021

The effect of global climate change on agricultural fields has attracted worldwide attention from many scholars in recent years. Lots of research about the effect of climate change on physiological growth processes, water consumption and food production are crucial to ensure food security. Numerous crop‐water models have been adapted to analyse the response of physiological growth and water requirement to meteorological factors, but reports differ in various regions. The variations in yield (Y) of early and late rice, growth season duration (SD) and climatic factors were investigated based on data collected in the Poyang Lake basin from 1987 to 2016. Furthermore, the variation in rice water requirement (ET) and its response to Y, SD and climatic factors were analysed. The results showed that the climatic factors varied insignificantly, while the mean (Tam), maximum (Tah) and minimum (Tal) air temperatures increased significantly during early and late rice growth periods. SD increased insignificantly for early and late rice, and Y increased insignificantly for early rice and significantly for late rice. ET increased significantly from 1994 to 2003 and decreased significantly from 2004 to 2014 for both early and late rice. Variation in SD, cumulative temperature (Taa) and sunshine hours (hs) mainly led to increased ET for early and late rice; variation in Tam, Tah, relative humidity (RH) and Y led to reduced ET for early and late rice.