bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak--have we learnt a lesson from it?
Authors: Bloch Sylwia K , Felczykowska Agnieszka , Nejman-Faleńczyk Bożena
Published: March 2019

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains belong to the group of pathogens that cause bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with often severe complications. The main problem with human pathogenic E. coli strains, including STEC, is a wide spectrum of phenotypes and clinical manifestations. It is related to a variety of exchangeable genetic elements, like plasmids, bacteriophages, transposons and pathogenicity islands, that take part in horizontal gene transfer which influences creation of new dangerous bacterial strains. A good example of this phenomenon is a novel Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4 serotype that was associated with a widespread and severe foodborne disease outbreak in Germany in 2011. The O104:H4 strain was created by a number of horizontal gene transfer events between two distinct pathogens, resulting in the emergence of the new, atypical strain. That outbreak proved that also rare and unusual serotypes of STEC may be a significant risk factor and that the procedures recommended for STEC detection were not suitable to deal with this kind of pathogens. With respect to new combinations of chromosomal and extrachromosomal elements in susceptible bacterial hosts, epidemics and frequent human infections caused by STEC strains, we suggest that more attention should be paid to the development and improvement of diagnostic methods. It is difficult to determine STEC bacteria by general microbiological, biochemical and immunological assays, because strains can vary dramatically in their phenotypic and serotypic properties. It is postulated that standardized genetic tests, based on detection of features most frequently presented by STEC, particularly those located on easily exchangeable elements (such as Shiga toxin-encoding phages), can be more adequate for STEC detection.
Biased versus unbiased randomness in homo-polymers and copolymers of amino acids in the prebiotic world.
Authors: Mosqueira Fernando G , Negron Alicia , Ramos Sergio , Polanco Carlos
Published: March 2019

The polymerization of amino acids under anhydrous prebiotic conditions was first studied several decades ago. Here we use a stochastic model stressing the relevant role of the polarity of amino acids in the formation of oligopeptides in a prebiotic milieu. Our goal is to outline the predominance of co-polypeptides over homo-polypeptides, resulting not only from the randomness, but also from polarity properties of amino acids. Our results conclude that there was a higher probability of the formation of co-polypeptides than of homo-polymers. Besides, we may hypothesize that the former would have a more ample spectrum of possible chemical functions than homo-polypeptides.
The activity of antioxidant enzymes in colorectal adenocarcinoma and corresponding normal mucosa.
Authors: Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Wielkoszyński Tomasz , Krakowczyk Łukasz , Adamek Brygida , Zalewska-Ziob Marzena , Gawron Katarzyna , Kasperczyk Janusz , Wiczkowski Andrzej
Published: March 2019

Oxidative stress is one of several factors which contribute to the development of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was an assessment of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tumour and corresponding normal distal mucosa in a group of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Samples of tumour and corresponding normal mucosa were obtained during a resection of colorectal cancer from 47 patients aged between 26 and 82 years. The average distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was 4.49 cm. Activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) were measured in tissue homogenates. The patients were grouped according to the tumour stage (Duke's staging), grading, localization, and size of tumour, as well as age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed. The activity of SOD and GPx was considerably increased, while the activity of GST decreased significantly in tumour as compared with normal mucosa. GR activity in colorectal cancer was evidently higher in tumours of proximal location compared with the distal ones. The distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was analyzed and related to all assayed parameters. A decreased GST activity was observed in corresponding normal mucosa more than 5 cm distant from the tumour in patients with CD Duke's stage. The higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in tumour compared to corresponding normal mucosa could indicate higher oxidative stress in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.
Virological response to treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a in adolescents with chronic hepatitis B.
Authors: Pawlowska Małgorzata , Halota Waldemar , Kozielewicz Dorota , Jendryczka Ewa
Published: March 2019

There are few data on the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon treatment in adolescents with chronic hepatitis B.
We conducted a pilot study in 13 adolescents with chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alfa-2a at 100 µg/m(2) once weekly for 48 weeks.
HBV DNA was assessed by qPCR method.
After four weeks of treatment six adolescents had undetectable HBV DNA (
S100A4 promotes invasion and angiogenesis in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-13.
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Xingang , Liang Yu , Diao Xinying , Chen Qingfeng
Published: March 2019

S100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins that is directly involved in tumor metastasis. In the present study, we examined the potential role of S100A4 in metastasis in breast cancer and its relation with matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Analysis of 100 breast cancer specimens including 50 with and 50 without lymph node metastasis showed a significant upregulation of S100A4 and MMP-13 expression in metastatic breast cancer tissues. Positive immunoreactivity for S100A4 was associated with MMP-13 expression. Overexpression of S100A4 in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line upregulated MMP13 expression leading to increased cell migration and angiogenesis. SiRNA-mediated silencing of S100A4 downregulated MMP13 expression and suppressed cell migration and angiogenesis. Moreover, neutralization of MMP-13 activity with a specific antibody blocked cell migration and angiogenesis in MDA-MB-231/S100A4 cells. In vivo siRNA silencing of S100A4 significantly inhibited lung metastasis in transgenic mice. The present results suggest that the S100A4 gene may control the invasive potential of human breast cancer cells by modulating MMP-13 levels, thus regulating metastasis and angiogenesis in breast tumors. S100A4 could therefore be of value as a biomarker of breast cancer progression and a novel therapeutic target for human breast cancer treatment.
Low recombination activity of R region located at both ends of the HIV-1 genome.
Authors: Urbanowicz Anna , Kurzyńska-Kokorniak Anna , Jankowska Anna , Alejska Magdalena , Figlerowicz Marek
Published: March 2019

Although two strand transfer events are indispensable for the synthesis of double-stranded DNA and establishing HIV-1 infection, the molecular basis of these phenomena is still unclear. The first obligatory template switching event occurs just at the beginning of the virus replication cycle and involves two copies of the 97-nucleotide long R region, located one each at the both ends of the HIV-1 genome (HIV-1 R). Thus, one can expect that the molecular mechanism of this process is similar to the mechanism of homologous recombination which operates in RNA viruses. To verify the above-mentioned hypothesis, we attempted to assess the recombination activity of HIV-1 R. To this end, we tested in vitro, how effectively it induces template switching by HIV-1 RT in comparison with another well-characterized sequence supporting frequent homologous crossovers in an unrelated virus (R region derived from Brome mosaic virus--BMV R). We also examined if the RNA sequences neighboring HIV-1 R influence its recombination activity. Finally, we tested if HIV-1 R could cause BMV polymerase complex to switch between RNA templates in vivo. Overall, our results have revealed a relatively low recombination activity of HIV-1 R as compared to BMV R. This observation suggests that different factors modulate the efficiency of the first obligatory strand transfer in HIV-1 and the homology-driven recombination in RNA viruses.
VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and their association with risk of oral cavity carcinoma.
Authors: Małodobra-Mazur Małgorzata , Paduch Agnieszka , Lebioda Arleta , Konopacka Maria , Rogoliński Jacek , Szymczyk Cezary , Wierzgoń Janusz , Maciejewski Adam , Chmielik Ewa , Jonkisz Anna , Półtorak Stanisław , Dobosz Tadeusz
Published: March 2019

Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)) is a hormone playing a crucial role in numerous biological processes in the human body, including induction and control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Numerous data relate the vitamin D3 level with various types of cancer. It has been suggested that SNPs in the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) gene might influence both the risk of cancer occurrence and cancer progression. The aim of this study was to search for genetic correlations between individual SNPs in the VDR gene and the risk of oral cavity carcinoma. Two SNPs were selected based on the literature and our previous results. Seventy-three patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and one hundred control subjects were investigated. Two SNPs in the VDR gene were genotyped in minisequencing reactions followed by capillary electrophoresis. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), the χ(2) test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The SNP rs2238135 in the VDR gene displayed statistical differences in frequency between the tested groups (p=0,0007). Furthermore, the G/C genotype of the rs2238135 in the VDR gene was characterized by a 3.16 fold increased risk of oral cavity carcinoma. The obtained results provide evidence for a genetic association between rs2238135 in the VDR gene and the occurrence and risk of oral cavity cancer.
A rapid and simple method for detection of type II restriction endonucleases in cells of bacteria with high activity of nonspecific nucleases.
Authors: Podgórska Beata , Kujawska Grażyna , Skurzewski Michał , Batsko Olesya , Kaczorowski Tadeusz
Published: March 2019

In this work we describe a novel, rapid and simple microscale procedure for identification of restriction endonuclease activity in bacteria lysates, which contain high levels of non-specific DNA nucleases.
Changes in accumulation of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA and frequency of recombination via short repeats during plant lifetime in Phaseolus vulgaris.
Authors: Woloszynska Magdalena , Gola Edyta M , Piechota Janusz
Published: March 2019

Recombination via short repeats in plant mitochondrial genomes results in sublimons--DNA molecules with a copy number much lower compared to the main mitochondrial genome. Coexistence of stoichiometrically different mitotypes, called heteroplasmy, plays an important evolutionary role, since sublimons occasionally replace the main genome resulting in a new plant phenotype. It is not clear, how frequency of recombination and sublimon production is regulated and how it is related to changes in the quantity of the main genome and sublimons. We analyzed the accumulation of two recombining main genome sequences and two resulting sublimons in apical meristems, undifferentiated tissues and leaves of different age of Phaseolus vulgaris. Copy numbers of the main genome sequences varied greatly depending on tissue type and organ age while accumulation of sublimons remained much more stable. Although the overall accumulation of plant mtDNA decreased with the leaf age, the quantity of sublimons increased relative to the main genome indicating a higher frequency of recombination via the short 314 bp repeat. Recombination was symmetrical in young developing leaves while in senescent tissues it shifted towards asymmetric events resulting in overrepresentation of one product. We propose that during plant lifetime replication and recombination frequencies change oppositely sustaining heteroplasmic compositions of the genome, which are favorable for inheritance and maintenance of complex plant mtDNA.
Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase, Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase by BisPMB, A Synthetic Analogue of Ajoene
Authors: STELLENBOOM Nashia
Published: March 2019

BisPMB (1,8-(bis-p-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,7-trithiaocta-4-ene 7-oxide) is a synthetic analogue of the natural compound ajoene, which is a bioactive natural product obtained from rearrangement of the unstable and reactive organosulfur compound allicin produced when garlic is freshly crushed. BisPMB has been shown to have superior cancer-cell cytotoxicity compared with ajoene and a modest selectivity towards cancer cells over non-cancerous ones. In this study, the inhibition effects of E/Z-bisPMB and Z-bisPMB against human carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II (hCA I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were investigated in which E/Z-bisPMB and Z-bisPMB showed similar inhibition profiles against the four enzymes tested, with the IC50 values ranging from 10.9 to 439.7 nM and the Ki values ranging from 5.4 to 195.4 nM. Furthermore, bisPMB was more potent at inhibiting CA I, CA II and AChE compared with commercially available inhibitors.
Are project managers informally following capability maturity model integration practices for project management?
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Khan Muzafar , Minhas Nasir Mehmood
Published: March 2019

Project planning is crucial for fruitful completion of a software development project. In case of a certified software development organisation, one can guess whether the software development projects are planned properly or not. But, what to do for a non-certified organisation? The objective of this study is to address this problem. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey has been conducted by involving experienced practitioners. The results show that several software development organisations follow Capability Maturity Model Integration) Project Planning-Process Area practices unofficially. Such organisations are potential candidate organisations for software process improvement initiatives, and would be cheap and safe for successful completion of a project. Keywords: CMMI, software project management, software process improvement, specific goals, specific practices, subpractices.
Mobile learning stimulus in Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Mohammed B. , Hassan Abba , Ahmad Aminu , Musa Kabiru I. , Gital A. Y.
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, the application or acceptance of mobile learning in teaching and conducting research and other academic activities have been successful in developed and some developing countries of the world and have proven to be more efficient than the customary learning systems. Most of students and academia in these developed nations have embraced mobile technology because of its simplicity, flexibility and also provide opportunity for students and academia to collaborate with one another irrespective of their geographical location for research purposes. Few literatures suggest that the level of technology acceptance in the country is still very low compared to other parts of European and some Asian countries. However, findings of the quantitative analysis and collected works have also shown that students and academia hesitant to embrace mobile computing technology is one of the most significant factors that affect the level of mobile learning in most African countries. Keywords: Mobile learning, digital natives, autodidact, e-learning.
The use of interactive mobile technology to improve the quality of health care services in private and public hospitals in Australia
Authors: Karim Shakir , Gide Ergun
Published: March 2019

The research questions, ‘As an Australian, can we expect fully mobile technology integrated health care services in Australia? Is it possible everywhere in Australia’? A healthcare system whether private or public should provide comprehensive health care services all over in Australia, including countryside and CBD. The term ‘Mobile Technology integrated health care’ refers to a healthcare system designed for electronic and smart devices which can be used anytime and anywhere in the world. This research paper examines ‘how patients can access GPs, specialists, private and public hospitals in Australia’, which provide interactive mobile technology-based health services. The research has mainly used secondary research data analysis and methods to provide a broad investigation of the issues relevant to interactive mobile technology and health care system in Australia, the problems, problem factors, benefits and opportunities in the health care industry. Finally, the mobile technology integrated health care system will ensure that the framework is user and environmentally friendly.
Keywords: Interactive mobile technology, quality, health care, services, hospitals, Australia.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Ibrahim Dogan
Published: March 2019

Dear Readers,

It is a great honor for us to publish Volume 8, No 3 of Global Journal of Information Technology: Emerging Technologies.

Global Journal of Information Technology: Emerging Technologies focuses on contemporary research addressing Information technology including emerging technologies, strategy, change, infrastructure, human resources, sourcing, system development and implementation, communications, technology developments, technology futures, national policies and standards. The journal also publishes articles that advance our understanding and application of research approaches and methods covering information technology, its evolution and future prospects. It is intended to be a multi-disciplinary international journal aimed at revealing results of research on information technology.

A total number of nineteen (19) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of seven (7) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.

We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.

Best regards,
Compostaje de residuos sólidos biodegradables del restaurante institucional del Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Authors: Chaves-Arias Raizeth , Campos–Rodríguez Rooel , Brenes-Peralta Laura , Jiménez-Morales María Fernanda
Published: March 2019

En procura de un mejor aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos biodegradables del restaurante Institucional del Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Sede Cartago, se evaluaron tres tratamientos de compostaje para la generación de abono orgánico. Para esto se seleccionaron técnicas de acuerdo a criterio experto y se valoraron variables como pH, humedad, temperatura y eficiencia, con el fin de determinar la más eficiente que permita la valorización del residuo.

Se utilizó un diseño experimental factorial, en el cual se compararon los tres tratamientos denominados Takakura (TK), Microorganismos de Montaña (MM) y Pellets (P) con Residuos Sólidos Biodegradables cada uno, en compostera de volteo y otro directamente en una superficie de concreto en el suelo, con dos repeticiones. El valor de p utilizado fue de 0,05.

Se determinó que el tratamiento Takakura fue el que mejores resultados presentó desde el punto de vista técnico, ambiental y económico, alcanzando la mayor temperatura promedio (53°C) y la fase termófila más rápidamente, manteniendo un pH, cercano a 7, humedad entre 50 y 70% y eficiencia del 81%, por lo que se concluye que este tratamiento es una estrategia viable de economía circular para el aprovechamiento de residuos biodegradables del restaurante institucional del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.
Uso de podas en el manejo agrícola de Jatropha curcas (tempate) sobre la expresión floral de la planta, en Costa Rica
Authors: Moreira-González Ileana , Arnáez-Serrano Elizabeth , Castillo- Ugalde Marvin , Briceño-Elizondo Elemer , Arias-Aguilar Dagoberto
Published: March 2019

La especie Jatropha curcas (tempate) es típica de la zona mesoamericana, su centro de origen se ha establecido en México. Ha sido domesticada para ser utilizada en el establecimiento de cercas vivas y por su valor medicinal según el conocimiento tradicional. En la actualidad se cataloga como una especie de alto valor para la producción de aceites que pueden tener uso en biocombustibles o como diluyente de pinturas. En Costa Rica desde el año 2005 se han iniciado estudios para lograr una domesticación favorable para la utilización de esta especie en cultivos agroenergéticos en alternancia con algún cultivo agroalimentario. Sin embargo, los procesos de manejo del cultivo aún son incipientes y se debe profundizar en este tema para lograr una cosecha de mayor valor económico. En la Estación Fabio Baudrit se estableció una plantación proveniente de semilla de la variedad Comayagua y se estableció un ensayo de bloques al azar a los que se le dio un seguimiento estricto en longitud para aplicar una primera poda a los 40 cm y posteriormente un seguimiento a las ramas hasta que inicie la floración y la cosecha. La producción de frutos verdes se comportó de manera similar a la producción de inflorescencias y flores femeninas. Las plantas podadas no mostraron una diferencia significativa de producción de frutos en el primer año, pero en el segundo año, superan a las plantas no podadas.
Predicción de la vida útil en reparaciones de automóviles
Authors: Salazar-Hernández Alicia , Garita-Rodríguez César
Published: March 2019

El mantenimiento preventivo en un automóvil reduce significativamente el tiempo en que éste se encuentra fuera de funcionamiento; sin embargo, saber con mayor exactitud cuándo se debe realizar este tipo de trabajos y/o reparaciones no es una ciencia cierta. Los talleres mecánicos usualmente proveen de mantenimientos reactivos y hasta el momento no cuentan con una herramienta que le indiquen al usuario cuándo se debe hacer la siguiente visita.

Con la utilización del razonamiento basado en casos, se construyó un sistema informático que toma y procesa información tanto de los estándares del fabricante como también valores ambientales propios del tipo de uso del automóvil, obteniendo así una mayor precisión sobre el comportamiento en carretera y por tanto se puede saber con mayor certeza cuándo se debe reparar nuevamente el automóvil.

Una vez concluído el proyecto, se pudo observar cómo al adaptar la técnica sugerida con una base de datos en crecimiento, tanto de información relevante al automóvil como también de sus similares, los talleres mecánicos que utilicen esta herramienta, son capaces entonces de brindar un mejor servicio a sus clientes, y éstos últimos se ven beneficiados ya que pueden planear mejor el momento de revisiones y mantenimiento, mejorando de esta forma la condición general del automóvil.
Modelos de predicción de Trihalometanos en redes de distribución de agua: determinación de tiempos medios de residencia
Authors: Araya-Obando Andrés , Jones-Sánchez Mark , Romero-Esquivel Luis G
Published: March 2019

El contacto del cloro con la materia orgánica puede producir subproductos de desinfección tales como los Trihalometanos (THMs). Estos compuestos son considerados de riesgo para la salud y su formación se ve influenciada por el pH, temperatura, tipo de materia orgánica, dosis del desinfectante y el tiempo de reacción. No obstante, dados los costos asociados a los análisis en laboratorio, comúnmente se utilizan modelos mecánicos y estadísticos para su predicción. Sin embargo, la determinación del tiempo medio de residencia (TMR) en las redes de distribución requiere de herramientas computacionales que demandan tiempo e inversión por lo que es necesario considerar otros métodos para su estimación. En ese sentido, el presente artículo profundiza en los principales aspectos que se deben considerar para la construcción de un modelo de predicción, así como en el análisis de dos métodos de cálculo para la determinación del TMR en redes de distribución empleando trazadores. Para esto último, se hicieron pruebas en una red de distribución a escala piloto conformada por tuberías de PVC de 12 mm de diámetro. Se utilizó cloruro de sodio como trazador mediante adición continua. Se determinaron los TMR en dos puntos de muestreo y se obtuvo una diferencia de 2,40% y 3,31% respectivamente, demostrando que son dos métodos precisos y de fácil comprensión. Finalmente, se concluye que los modelos construidos a partir de regresiones múltiples pueden ser potencialmente utilizados en Costa Rica, dado que se pueden construir de manera sencilla a partir de condiciones locales.
Learning Style and Multimedia: An Effort to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Integrated Social Sciences Lessons
Authors: Abd. Gani Arsyad , Ibrahim Nurdin , Khaerudin Khaerudin
Published: March 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of exogenous variables namely learning media (conventional media and multimedia) and learning styles (visual and auditory) on endogenous variables namely learning outcomes of integrated social science (history, geography, and economics). The influence in question is the visible difference in learning outcomes of students who have visual and auditory learning styles after getting treatment by applying multimedia controlled with conventional media on integrated social science learning. The research team involved 50 students who were divided equally into experimental groups and control groups. In the first stage, the team conducted a questionnaire of 36 questions to divide students into two parts, namely the auditory and visual learning style groups. The second stage provides treatment with the use of multimedia and conventional media. Finally, analyze data and test hypotheses from the results of tests that have been given. Based on the results of data analysis obtained information that the learning outcomes of students who have auditory learning styles taught with multimedia are the same as the learning outcomes of students who have a visual learning style taught with conventional media, then the learning outcomes of students who are taught multimedia with visual learning styles are higher than with students with auditory learning styles. That is, students with a visual learning style are more appropriately taught with multimedia and produce higher scores than students with auditory learning styles.
DEMOGRAPHY-BASED DEVELOPMENT: THE CHALLENGES OF CIVIL REGISTRATION TO REDUCE POVERTY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kharisma Dona Budi , Yulianti Sri Wahyuningsih
Published: March 2019

The present study seeks to analyze the functions of civil registration in poverty reduction and to identify various problems encountered in civil registration in Indonesia. This study was conducted by using an empirical law research. Primary data and legal materials are analyzed qualitatively with empirical juridical approach. The results conclude that civil registration yields demographic data that play a strategic role in the utilization of public services and development planning. Improving the quality of human life, either in the field of education, health or revenue requires demographic data as the policy focus. This gives implications that the basis of development program interventions in the three sectors refer to the aforementioned demographic data. Therefore, the use of demographic data and expansion of the coverage of ownership of demographic documents present as strategic steps for poverty reduction. However, the low attainment of document ownership in some regions and the limited number of civil registration apparatuses become an indicator of the absence of roles of demographic data in development. This has an impact on improperly targeted development planning. Several strategies that need to be implemented include: (1) Strengthening regulations at the regional level that regulate the utilization of demographic data in development planning; (2) establishing study program of civil registration law as an attempt of population-based development in Indonesia.
ASPECT OF JUSTICE ON PROGRESSIVE TARIFF STIPULATION POLICY ON MOTORIZED VEHICLES TAX IN PAPUA PROVINCE
Authors: Samosir Hotlan
Published: March 2019

This study aims to analyze the implementation of progressive tariffs on motorized vehicles in Papua Province based on Regional Legislation Number 4 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes. The problem studied in this paper is how aspects of democracy and justice are applied in regional legislation in Papua Province. The study was conducted by using a normative juridical research method which is focused on studying the application of norms in positive law. The application of progressive tax on four-wheeled motorized vehicles in Papua Province required review as it contradicted aspects of democracy and justice as mandated by Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning regional taxes and Regional Retributions. The enactment of the law gave a mandate to the region to form and issue a regional legislation as a legal basis for local tax collection. Based on the mandate, Regional Legislation Number 4 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes in Papua Province was formed. Thus, the application of the regional legislation has not fully appropriate yet due to the factual consideration that the limitation on the number of four-wheeled vehicles in Papua Province is not due as its density is still at the normal level.
THE VALIDITY OF THE COLLUSIVE TENDER IN THE PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES OF BUS TRANSJAKARTA Pte Ltd. (Case Study the Verdict Number: 15/KPPU-I/2014)
Authors: Adella Bella Rihandita
Published: March 2019

Conspiracy in the tender including auction collusive tenders occuring through a deal between businessmen, between the owner of the work as well as between the two parties. The tender conspiracy case that happened in Indonesia is a case involving the Pte Ltd. Industri Kereta Api (Pte Ltd. INKA) in the procurement of Transjakarta fiscal of 2013. From the results of this research noted that enforcement of the law against the procurement of Transjakarta yet running optimally, where knowing the verdict matter passengers number: 15/KPPU-I/2014 in unfair business competition elements Law number 5 of 1999 can't show anyone others who benefited by Pte Ltd. INKA and profitable, as well as in the By Law 16 of Number 2018 on The President of Government procurement of goods/service stating Pte Ltd. INKA is not proven procurement tenders because collusion Pte Ltd. INKA do not know reasons of Pte Ltd. Mayapada Auto Sempurna resign therefore the Pte Ltd. INKA as winner in the tender Package I repeated Single Bus.
The Methodology of Discourse Research from a Sociolinguistic Perspective
Authors: Yang LIU
Published: March 2019

Systemic Function Linguistics is a mainstream thought of sociolinguistic research and can be a theoretical model and the research methodology of linguistic research. Based on a combination of Systemic Function Linguistics and Sociological Discourse Analysis, this study adopts the thematic progression, ideational function, and interpersonal function to analyze discourses which come from daily used information, to dissect the information to see the discourse structure, in order to advantage the discourse contrastive research for further studies.
Indian Press Coverage of Farmers’ Suicides in Andhra Pradesh: A Content Analysis
Authors: Babu J. Madhu , Rao S. Raja
Published: March 2019

India, consisting of 16 percent of world population subsists only on 2.4 percent land resources.  Agriculture is the only source of livelihood to the two third of the population which gives employment to 57 percent of the workforce. Agriculture in India is often regarded as gambling with monsoons, because of its almost exclusive dependency on precipitation from monsoons. The failure of monsoons leading to a series of droughts, lack of better prices, exploitation by middlemen, and Gene Modified (GM) seed companies who are selling expensive cotton seeds and fertilizers, all of which have led to a series of suicides committed by farmers across India. Farmers' suicides are a complex phenomenon. Since the 1990s farmer suicides in India have made headlines.  The journalist   Palagummi Sainath highlighted that 17,500 farmers were suicides between 2002 to 2006. The government figures show 14,000 farmers took their own lives in 2011. The total number of farmers’ suicides crossed 3 lakh mark till in 2014.  That most suicides occurred in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Punjab. This study seeks to investigate news items on farmers’ suicides in the Indian newspapers. A quantitative content analysis was adopted in this research. This study used two English dailies i.e. The Hindu and The New Indian Express and two Telugu dailies i.e. Eenadu and Andhrajyothi were taken for analysis. It is not a random sample.  In this, a purposive sample method was adopted. The selection time period was one year i.e. from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015. Keeping in view ten subject categories have been mainly identified for this research. All the data collected were analyzed simple percentage and mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Chi-square have been used for analysis. 
Penggunaan Internet dalam Perpustakaan
Authors: Wibawanto Alwan
Published: March 2019

Internet merupakan sebuah alat yang berbentuk jaringan dengan sistem komunikasi global yang menghubungkan seluruh jaringan komputer di dunia sehingga segala informasi mudah untuk didapatkan. Begitupun,  kehadiran internet di perpustakaan akan sangat berguna dan bermanfaat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi pengguna secara cepat dan tepat tanpa dibatasi oleh ruang dan waktu. Di lingkungan perguruan tinggi, keberadaannya semakin penting karena banyaknya ketersediaan bahan jenis digital dan proses transfer informasi di kalangan sivitas akademika dalam tingkat tertentu berubah karena produsen dan pengguna sudah saling terkoneksi melalui Internet. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pentingnya penggunaan internet di dalam dunia perpustakan karena saai ini sudak banyak koleksi yang berbentuk  digital.
Implementasi Knowledge Management di Perpustakaan dalam Membangun Koleksi Warisan Budaya Batik
Authors: Husna Jazimatul
Published: March 2019

Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menemukan peran  knowledge mananagement dalam membangun koleksi warisan budaya. Beberapa perpustakaan di Indonesia sudah memiliki inisiatif dalam pelestarian warisan budaya. Perpustakaan-perpustakaan yang mulai Membangun koleksi warisan budaya mereka. Perpustakaan terus memasukkan kesadaran warisan di antara masyarakat, dan mereka akan tahu tentang budaya mereka. Berbagai alasan melatar belakangi tulisan ini sebagai dasar pemikiran yang berguna untuk membuat sebuah pusat pengetahuan manajemen tentang khasanah budaya khusunya Batik, Peneletian ini membahas peran knowledge mananagement di perpustakaan. Sangat Penting, upaya-upaya dalam rangka mewujudkan fungsinya sebagai pelestari budaya semakin terasa dengan hadirnya beberapa layanan perpustakaan yang ingin mengusung sebuah informasi yang terkait dengan kekhasan dari ketentuan daerah tertentu. Perpustakaan juga dapat menjadi jembatan dan fasilitator untuk menciptakan, menyimpan, menyatukan, dan membagikan bahan pelestari batik, dan juga menjadi bahan yang kompetitif, efektif dan efisien untuk menciptakan batik.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA YABANCI MAHKEME KARARLARININ TENFİZİNİN MÜTEKABİLİYET ŞARTINA BAĞLANMASININ AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ M.6(1) AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ARSLAN İlyas
Published: March 2019

5718 sayılı Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk ve Usul
Hukuku Hakkında Kanun (MÖHUK) m.54 uyarınca yabancı mahkeme kararlarının
tenfizi için karşılanması gereken şartlardan biri olan mütekabiliyet, objektif
olarak tenfiz yargılamasının taraflarının menfaatlerini gözetmediği gibi, böyle
bir şartın aranmasında tenfiz devletinin ne tür menfaatinin olduğu da tam
olarak anlaşılamamaktadır. Devletin tamamen psikolojik bir saikle öngörmüş
olduğu bir şart olan mütekabiliyet, taraflar arasında davalının lehine bir
eşitsizliğe yol açmaktadır. Zira MÖHUK m.54’te yer alan diğer tenfiz
şartlarıyla birlikte ele alındığında, diğer tenfiz şartları vasıtasıyla
yeterince korunabilecek olan davalıya, böyle bir şartla tenfiz yargılamasının
akıbetini ciddi bir şekilde etkileyen ve gereği olmayan bir koruma
sağlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, salt tenfize konu kararın menşeini esas alan böyle
bir şartın tatbiki, insan hakları hukuku açısından da ciddi problemlere yol
açabilecek mahiyettedir. Özellikle davacının Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde
(AİHS) yer alan hakları dikkate alındığında, söz konusu şartın tatbiki, yabancı
kararla ortaya çıkan özel hukuka ilişkin bir haktan tenfiz devletinde de
yararlanmak isteyen davacının AİHS m.6(1)’deki hakkaniyete uygun yargılanma
hakkının ihlaline neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, mütekabiliyetin tatbikinin AİHS
m.6(1)’i gerçekten ihlal edip etmeyeceği veya hangi hallerde böyle bir ihlalin
ortaya çıkabileceği incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, mütekabiliyetin
tatbiki suretiyle tarafların AİHS m.6(1)’de güvence altına alınan hakkaniyete
uygun yargılanma hakkının ihlali iddialarının Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi
(AİHM) tarafından nasıl bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulabileceği AİHM
içtihatları ışığında analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Reliability of vibration based tests for masonry compactness evaluation in sensitive case studies
Authors: Russo Salvatore
Published: March 2019

The reliability evaluation of vibration based (VB) tests in compactness evaluation of masonry bearing parts in sensitive case study as monuments and historic construction, is here proposed. The scientific aim is through a comparison between a lot of experimental data in situ relieved for different construction with different building age and level of conservation. In detail the investigation focuses on sonic device employed in direct and indirect way, whose use is very strategic in structural conservation. Final diagrams outline sonic wave trend in function of century, loads applied in investigated masonry structural part and in combination with similar non-destructive (ND) devices as the rebound hammer.
Human Galectin-1 and Its Inhibitors: Privileged Target for Cancer and HIV
Authors: Goud Narella Sridhar , Soukya P.S. Lakshmi , Ghouse Mahammad , Komal Daipule , Alvala Ravi , Alvala Mallika
Published: March 2019

Galectin 1(Gal-1), a β-galactoside binding mammalian lectin of 14KDa, is implicated in many signalling pathways, immune responses associated with cancer progression and immune disorders. Inhibition of human Gal-1 has been regarded as one of the potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer, as it plays a major role in tumour development and metastasis by modulating various biological functions viz. apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, cell immune escape. Gal-1 is considered as a biomarker in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment condition. The overexpression of Gal-1 is well established and seen in many types of cancer progression like osteosarcoma, breast, lung, prostate, melanoma, etc. Gal-1 greatly accelerates the binding kinetics of HIV-1 to susceptible cells, leading to faster viral entry and a more robust viral replication by specific binding of CD4 cells. Hence, the Gal-1 is considered a promising molecular target for the development of new therapeutic drugs for cancer and HIV. The present review laid emphasis on structural insights and functional role of Gal-1 in the disease, current Gal-1 inhibitors and future prospects in the design of specific Gal-1 inhibitors.
Resveratrol in Various Pockets: A Review
Authors: Kataria Ritu , Khatkar Anurag
Published: March 2019

Several phenolic compounds bind to proteins (such as enzymes) and interfere in their catalytic
mechanism. Interaction studies of natural polyphenol; Resveratrol with various targets like with
tubulin, protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), phosphodiesterase-4D, human oral cancer cell line proteins,
DNA sequences having AATT/TTAA segments, protein kinase C alpha, lysine-specific demethylase 1
have been reviewed in this article. Simulation studies indicate that resveratrol and its analogs/ derivatives
show good interaction with the target receptor through its hydroxyl groups by forming hydrogen
bonds and hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues at the binding site. Binding geometry and
stability of complex formed by resveratrol show that it is a good inhibitor for many pathogenic targets.
Further studies in this direction is, however, the need of the hour to develop many more ligands based on
resveratrol skeleton which can further serve in the treatment of ailments.
4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB
Authors: de Souza Marcus Vinicius Nora , Nogueira Thais Cristina Mendonça
Published: March 2019

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible
for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new
drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly
active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a
promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this
review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action,
medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.
Development and Validation of a Novel Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector Method for Assay of Polyvinyl Alcohol in an Ophthalmic Solution
Authors: Ergen Harun , Guleli Muge , Sener Cigdem , Caliskan Cem , Semiz Sercan , Ozbek Mahmut
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a polymer, is in demand due to its usage in different applications such as pharmaceutical, biomedical and textile, paper, food industries.

Methods:

A new sensitive reversed phased high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with refractive index detector (RID) was developed for determination of PVA in an ophthalmic solution containing dexpanthenol and PVA as active substances and it was validated according to The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guideline.

Results:

Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Chiral-AGP (150 mm × 4.0 mm, 5 μm) column kept at 30°C with an isocratic flow at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detector temperature was 30°C, the retention time of PVA was around 1.0 min and the total run time was 5 minutes.

Conclusion:

The proposed method showed linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, solution stability, and system suitability results within the acceptance criteria.
A Secure Reversible Data Hiding and Encryption System for Embedding EPR in Medical Images
Authors: Ayyappan Sonal , Lakshmi C. , Menon Varun
Published: March 2019

Background:

Recent advances in medical associated technologies have drastically increased
the amount of electronic medical records collected, stored and transferred through the
network. Considering the significance and level of sensitivity of the collected medical data, the
security of the transmitted data has become a very vital and challenging task for researchers. The
protection of these medical images with embedded data is usually guaranteed using encryption or
data hiding techniques. Conventional techniques that employ encryption or data hiding are often
insecure and also time-consuming during transmission through the network.

Materials and Methods:

A method combining encryption and data hiding together can result in
compression of data that reduces the transmission time and increases the security level. Reversible
data hiding in images can reestablish the cover image after extracting the hidden embedded data
exclusive of alterations. Here a new reversible crypto-watermarking system is proposed using
cryptographic algorithms that encrypts and hides an Electronic Patient Record (EPR) into an image
corresponding to that patient using Rhombus Prediction Scheme. It embeds a big amount of
encrypted data into an image with hardly noticeable modification using spatial pixel manipulations
based on prediction errors. The marked image is hashed using SHA-256 algorithm.

Results and Conclusion:

Hashing and cryptography increases the robustness and guarantees authenticity
with integrity. The proposed method results in improved safety with a lower transmission
time than the existing methods.
Morphological Segmentation Analysis and Texture-based Support Vector Machines Classification on Mice Liver Fibrosis Microscopic Images
Authors: Wang Yu , Shi Fuqian , Cao Luying , Dey Nilanjan , Wu Qun , Ashour Amira Salah , Sherratt Robert Simon , Rajinikanth Venkatesan , Wu Lijun
Published: March 2019

Background:

To reduce the intensity of the work of doctors, pre-classification work
needs to be issued. In this paper, a novel and related liver microscopic image classification
analysis method is proposed.

Objective:

For quantitative analysis, segmentation is carried out to extract the quantitative
information of special organisms in the image for further diagnosis, lesion localization, learning
and treating anatomical abnormalities and computer-guided surgery.

Methods: In the current work, entropy-based features of microscopic fibrosis mice’ liver images
were analyzed using fuzzy c-cluster, k-means and watershed algorithms based on distance
transformations and gradient. A morphological segmentation based on a local threshold was
deployed to determine the fibrosis areas of images.

Results:

The segmented target region using the proposed method achieved high effective
microscopy fibrosis images segmenting of mice liver in terms of the running time, dice ratio and
precision. The image classification experiments were conducted using Gray Level Co-occurrence
Matrix (GLCM). The best classification model derived from the established characteristics was
GLCM which performed the highest accuracy of classification using a developed Support Vector
Machine (SVM). The training model using 11 features was found to be accurate when only trained
by 8 GLCMs.

Conclusion:

The research illustrated that the proposed method is a new feasible research approach
for microscopy mice liver image segmentation and classification using intelligent image analysis
techniques. It is also reported that the average computational time of the proposed approach was
only 2.335 seconds, which outperformed other segmentation algorithms with 0.8125 dice ratio and
0.5253 precision.