bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local, nacional e universal nos estudos históricos de Educação Comparada: o caso das Ações Afirmativas na era genômica
Authors: Vitorino Artur José Renda
Published: July 2014

Este texto procura lançar as bases de uma interrogação pela Educação Comparada, se o nacional ainda tem lugar nas novas circunstâncias geradas pela globalização. Defende-se, a partir do caso das Ações Afirmativas na era genômica, que o valor heurístico da polarização entre o particular e o geral, ou entre o local e o universal, é útil tanto para a compreensão de fenômenos que eram baseados, especialmente, no território e nos Estados nacionais, quanto para o entendimento das identidades culturais e afetivas existentes no grande panorama da mundialização. Conclui-se, quanto às modificações materializadas pelo Estado-Nação nos processos de regulação dos sistemas educacionais, no que diz respeito aos meios de geração de identidades culturais e afetivas étnicas, que a despeito de o fenômeno da Globalização nos forçar a pensar que as fronteiras nacionais estão sendo rompidas e ultrapassadas, o nacional (e, a reboque, o local/ particular) tem lugar nas novas circunstâncias geradas pela Globalização, pois o Estado-Nação continua a induzir a formação de narrativas com o fim de ser ele o gerador da identidade oficial, e esse controle é exercido, especialmente, por intermédio do sistema de ensino.
El profesorado de Geografía e Historia de Enseñanza Secundaria ante la evaluación
Authors: Begoña Alfageme M. , Miralles Pedro
Published: July 2014

En este trabajo nos planteamos conocer las concepciones y las prácticas evaluadoras del profesorado de Geografía e Historia de Enseñanza Secundaria de la Región de Murcia (España). Se ha indagado sobre las finalidades y los procedimientos de evaluación del aprendizaje del alumnado, sobre qué se entiende por evaluación y cómo se evalúa. Se ha empleado un cuestionario a través de una muestra de más de cien docentes. Los resultados señalan una concepción docente tradicional de la evaluación donde sigue predominando el examen como instrumento fundamental, si bien los docentes son conscientes de la necesidad de utilizar variados instrumentos de evaluación. Se intuye que el profesorado tiene unas concepciones más avanzadas que sus propias prácticas. El reto pasa por llevar a cabo una auténtica evaluación por competencias.
Ensinar ciências na perspectiva da sustentabilidade: barreiras e dificuldades reveladas por professores de biologia em formação
Authors: Araújo Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio de , Pedrosa Maria Arminda
Published: July 2014

A presente investigação parte de uma visão global sobre as dificuldades relativas ao ensino de biologia na perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável e da formação de professores dessa área para atuarem no ensino básico. Tem como objetivo identificar os temas relacionados ao ambiente e ao desenvolvimento sustentável que são considerados difíceis de serem ensinados, caracterizando os motivos dessas dificuldades. A pesquisa se desenvolveu numa abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. De forma geral, identificou-se que os participantes da pesquisa indicam dificuldades em incluir questões sobre desenvolvimento sustentável em suas futuras aulas e que a ausência da abordagem multidisciplinar ou interdisciplinar corresponde a uma razão importante para as dificuldades em ensinar na perspectiva da sustentabilidade, uma vez que isso possibilitaria aos alunos fazer uma análise do ambiente do ponto de vista das dimensões sociais e econômicas, além de poderem avaliar os aspectos éticos a elas relacionados.
A história da Educação Física na educação profissional: entrada, saída e retorno à Escola Federal de Porto Alegre
Authors: Silva Eduardo Marczwski da , Fraga Alex Branco
Published: July 2014

Esse artigo se propõe a contar a história da disciplina de Educação Física no currículo da mais antiga Escola Profissionalizante de Porto Alegre. O texto foi construído a partir da análise de documentos relativos ao ensino ministrado nesta instituição de ensino entre os anos de 1966 e 2012. Após a análise, a história foi contada em três categorias temáticas, às quais representam a entrada da Educação Física nos currículos da Escola; o desaparecimento da Educação Física dos currículos da Escola; e, o retorno da disciplina aos currículos da mais antiga Escola Profissionalizante de Porto Alegre. O recente retorno da Educação Física aos currículos dessa Escola ocorre em uma nova modalidade de ensino de nível médio (curso técnico integrado ao ensino médio) e indica uma mudança nos conteúdos historicamente desenvolvidos pela disciplina nessa Escola Profissionalizante.
O discurso médico e a Educação Física nas escolas (Brasil, século XIX)
Authors: Costa Luciene Henrique da , Santos Marysol de Souza , Góis Junior Edivaldo
Published: July 2014

Para os médicos, a reforma da sociedade não residia apenas nas ruas, nas avenidas, nas construções, enfim, em uma urbanização com base em preceitos da saúde. Era impreterível incutir uma reforma dos corpos, que ocorria primeiro no núcleo familiar através da educação higiênica na infância. É neste campo específico da Higiene que os exercícios físicos tornaram-se foco de interesse dos médicos. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o contexto de escolarização da Educação Física mediante o discurso médico do século XIX. Para isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa histórica e documental que teve como fontes: as teses para a obtenção do título de doutor da Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro e Bahia. Conclui-se que a mentalidade higienista colaborou para a lenta difusão dos exercícios físicos no contexto educacional do século XIX. Contudo a relevância da ginástica era secundária no projeto higienista.
A vantagem em casa no futebol: comparação entre Copa Libertadores da América e UEFA Champions League
Authors: Drummond Lucas Rios , Drummond Filipe Rios , Silva Cristiano Diniz da
Published: July 2014

O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a vantagem em casa (VC) entre Copa Libertadores da América (CLA) e UEFA Champions League (UCL). Foram analisadas todas as partidas da fase de grupos (n = 1536) das temporadas 2004 a 2011. Para quantificar a VC, foi utilizada a metodologia de aproveitamento percentual de pontos proposta por POLLARD3, sendo considerado VC valores maiores que 50%. Houve diferença significativa (p = 0,010) para a VC na CLA (67,8 ± 4%) em relação a UCL (60,5 ± 5%). A magnitude das diferenças das médias (diferença média = 0,73; IC 95%: 0,020 a 0,127) foi grande (h2 = 0,35). Conclui-se que a VC foi maior na CLA do que na UCL nas temporadas analisadas e que fatores como altitude, distância de viagem, característica das torcidas e comportamento arbitral poderá ajudar a explicar esse fenômeno em futuros estudos.
O pombo (Columba livia) como agente carreador de Salmonella spp. e as implicações em saúde pública
Authors: Rocha-e-Silva Roberta Cristina da , Maciel William Cardoso , Teixeira Régis Siqueira de Castro , Salles Rosa Patrícia Ramos
Published: July 2014

Os pombos domésticos e silvestres estão distribuídos por todo o mundo e carreiam micro-organismos patogênicos ao homem e a outros animais, podendo ser um dos responsáveis pela disseminação de Salmonella spp. Este patógeno gera grande preocupação para a economia mundial, uma vez que cria transtornos para a indústria avícola quando ocorre contaminação dos plantéis e ônus para a saúde pública devido a surtos de infecção alimentar causados por esta bactéria. Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento acerca da participação do pombo doméstico na possível disseminação de Salmonella spp.
Antibiose e não preferência para oviposição de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em genótipos de feijoeiro comum
Authors: Peixoto Marília Lara , Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal
Published: July 2014

O feijoeiro comum, Phaseolus vulgaris L., constitui importante fonte de proteína e renda para muitos países, entre eles, o Brasil. Diferentes fatores contribuem para a redução da produção, como os insetos pragas, destacando-se Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar genótipos de feijoeiro comum resistentes à B. tabaci biótipo B e os tipos de resistência envolvidos. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos desenvolvidos em laboratório e em casa-de-vegetação, avaliando-se 11 genótipos de feijoeiro comum. Para o teste com chance de escolha, o delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, e para os testes sem chance de escolha e antibiose, a escolha foi pelo inteiramente casualizado, totalizando seis repetições para cada teste. As variáveis avaliadas foram: período de incubação dos ovos; período ninfal; período de ovo a adulto; viabilidade de ovo a adulto e longevidade de adultos. O genótipo IAC-Harmonia prolongou os períodos ninfal e de ovo a adulto de B. tabaci biótipo B. Os genótipos testados foram igualmente ovipositados pela mosca-branca, em testes com e sem chance de escolha.
Imobilização de fungos filamentosos com potencial para uso agroindustrial
Authors: Elizei Virgínia Guerra , Chalfoun Sara Maria , Botelho Deila Magna dos Santos , Rebelles Pedro Paulo Reis
Published: July 2014

A imobilização celular representa uma alternativa para a condução de bioprocessos. As células ficam retidas em matrizes e podem ser utilizadas por longos períodos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar uma nova metodologia de imobilização de fungos com custo reduzido, avaliar a viabilidade e segurança dos fungos submetidos ao novo método de encapsulamento e determinar a temperatura ideal para armazenar os fungos imobilizados. Os micélios dos fungos Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides e Penicillium solitum foram misturados com 15 g de arroz triturado e 3 g de alginato de sódio, que gotejava em uma solução de cloreto de cálcio a 0,25 M para a formação dos grânulos. Após a secagem em estufa a 26ºC, os grânulos foram armazenados em temperaturas ambiente, geladeira e freezer. Os plaqueamentos foram realizados a cada 15 dias em meio de cultura. As avaliações do tamanho das colônias e esporulação foram realizadas 7, 14 e 21 dias após o plaqueamento, durante 195 dias para A. niger, 225 dias para C. cladosporioides e 210 dias para P. solitum. A temperatura de armazenamento não afetou o desenvolvimento micelial de A. niger e P. solitum. Porém, a esporulação foi reduzida para os grânulos armazenados no freezer. O desenvolvimento micelial de C. cladosporioides foi influenciado pela temperatura. Os grânulos conservados em temperatura ambiente tiveram menor viabilidade. Na análise de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, observou-se que a imobilização é um método seguro no qual o micélio fúngico permanece no interior do grânulo, facilitando o transporte, o armazenamento e a aplicação de micro-organismos.
Ocorrência dos principais agentes bacterianos e parasitários em fezes diarreicas de bezerros búfalos nos estados de São Paulo e Paraná
Authors: Gregory Lilian , Rossi Rodolfo Santos , Mendes João Padilha Gandara , Neuwirt Natalie , Marques Eduardo Carvalho , Melville Priscila Anne , Monteiro Bruno Moura
Published: July 2014

A população de bubalinos estimada no Brasil é de aproximadamente 3 milhões de animais, encontrando-se distribuídos em todos os Estados brasileiros, com crescimento médio anual de 12%. Apesar disso, os trabalhos realizados buscando os avanços na bubalinocultura são escassos. Em função da complexidade etiológica da diarreia em bubalinos e da falta de informações recentes nesta área, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência dos principais agentes bacterianos e parasitários envolvidos na diarreia de bezerros búfalos lactentes, de explorações leiteiras semi-intensivas e intensivas em regiões dos estados de São Paulo e Paraná. De março de 2010 a junho de 2011, foram colhidas 53 amostras para exame coproparasitológico e 46 amostras para o exame bacteriológico de animais com quadro de diarreia nos municípios paulistas de São João da Boa Vista, Dourado, Pirassununga, Registro, Pariquera Açu, Pilar do Sul e uma propriedade no estado do Paraná, município de Santana do Itararé. No exame parasitológico, 45,28% (24) foram positivos para Eimeria spp., 26,42% (14) para Strongyloidea e 1,88 (1) para Toxocara vitulorum. No exame bacteriológico, 97,83%, (45) das amostras foram positivas para E. coli, contudo, somente duas foram consideradas patogênicas (E. coli STEC). Em uma amostra (2,17%) isolou-se Klebsiella pneumoniae; já a presença de Salmonella spp. não foi constatada. Para o presente estudo, a presença de endoparasitas foi bastante relevante, principalmente os casos Eimeria spp., sendo a higiene das instalações e falhas de manejo fatores importantes na ocorrência de diarreia em bezerros búfalos no estado de São Paulo.
Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) to spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)
Authors: Batista Elder Simões de Paula , Auad Alexander Machado , Andaló Vanessa , Monteiro Caio Márcio de Oliveira
Published: July 2014

The spittlebug can seriously limit the production of forage, and the use of chemical products to control insect pests is costly and can harm the environment. Thus, there is a need to reduce the reliance on chemical agents by developing new strategies. The virulence of nine strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to spittlebugs was investigated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Fourth/fifth-instar nymphs of Mahanarva spectabilis were exposed to EPNs in the laboratory and the most virulent strains were applied on the nymphs in the greenhouse at concentrations of 2,000 and 4,000 EPNs/mL. The efficacy of the pathogenic agent was confirmed by the dissection of dead hosts. All the tested strains were pathogenic to the M. spectabilis nymphs in laboratory, particularly Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. riobrave and Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC1, each of which caused nymph mortality higher than 80%. The concentration did not influence the efficiency of the strains, and those selected in the laboratory had similar efficiency in the greenhouse, except for S. carpocapsae, which was not as effective as the others. Entomopathogenic nematodes can be included in integrated pest management programs to M. spectabilis.
Aplicação de fungicidas na soja baseada na detecção de uredósporos de Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Authors: Lourenço Jr. Valdir , Balan Marcelo Gonçalves , Igarashi Seiji
Published: July 2014

Para estabelecer o momento adequado da aplicação de fungicidas no manejo da ferrugem asiática da soja (FAS), avaliou-se a época da pulverização dos fungicidas epoxiconazole e piraclostrobina (FEP) com base na detecção de uredósporos de Phakopsora pachyrhizi (PP) em condições de campo na área experimental da Faculdade Integrado de Campo Mourão, no Paraná, na safra verão de 2009/2010. O delineamento experimental foi realizado em blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo: 1) aplicação do FEP com umidade acima de 80%; 2-5) aplicação do FEP 1-2, 6-7, 11-12 e 18-20 dias após a detecção dos primeiros esporos de PP, respectivamente; 6) aplicação do FEP após a detecção dos primeiros sintomas da FAS; 7) aplicação do FEP no estádio R1. A testemunha foi composta por plantas não tratadas com FEP. Houve redução da severidade da FAS em todos os tratamentos. Os valores da área abaixo da curva de progresso da FAS (AACPFA), taxa de progresso da doença (r) e severidade máxima (Y max ) na testemunha foram de 520,31; 0,06 e 45,65%, respectivamente. Foram detectados os menores valores de AACPFA (39,73), r (0,02) e Y max (3,91%) no tratamento 1. No entanto, o maior número de pulverizações do FEP foi realizado neste tratamento, com quatro aplicações. No tratamento 4, houve duas aplicações. Registrou-se a menor produtividade na testemunha (2085 kg. ha-1). A maior produtividade foi obtida nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 e 7, acima de 3000 kg ha-1. Além disso, registrou-se o menor valor da massa de mil grãos na testemunha. Os maiores valores foram obtidos nos tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 6. Portanto, a época de aplicação de fungicida baseada na detecção de uredósporos de PP é eficiente no manejo da FAS.
THE PARTICIPATION OF THE NITRERGIC PATHWAY IN INCREASED RATE OF TRANSITORY RELAXATION OF LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER INDUCED BY RECTAL DISTENSION IN DOGS
Authors: PALHETA Michel Santos , GRAÇA José Ronaldo Vasconcelos da , SANTOS Armênio Aguiar dos , LOPES Liziane Hermógenes , PALHETA JÚNIOR Raimundo Campos , NOBRE E SOUZA Miguel Ângelo
Published: July 2014

ContextThe rectal distension in dogs increases the rate of transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation considered the main factor causing gastroesophageal reflux.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was evaluate the participation of the nitrergic pathway in the increased transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation rate induced by rectal distension in anesthetized dogs.MethodsMale mongrel dogs (n = 21), weighing 10-15 kg, were fasted for 12 hours, with water ad libitum. Thereafter, they were anesthetized (ketamine 10 mg.Kg-1+ xylazine 20 mg.Kg-1), so as to carry out the esophageal motility evaluation protocol during 120 min. After a 30-minute basal period, the animals were randomly intravenous treated whith: saline solution 0.15M (1ml.Kg-1), L-NAME (3 mg.Kg-1), L-NAME (3 mg.Kg-1) + L-Arginine (200 mg.Kg-1), glibenclamide (1 mg.Kg-1) or methylene blue (3 mg.Kg-1). Forty-five min after these pre-treatments, the rectum was distended (rectal distension, 5 mL.Kg-1) or not (control) with a latex balloon, with changes in the esophageal motility recorded over 45 min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Student Newman-Keuls test.ResultsIn comparison to the respective control group, rectal distension induces an increase in transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Pre-treatment with L-NAME or methylene blue prevents (P<0.05) this phenomenon, which is reversible by L-Arginine plus L-NAME. However, pretreating with glibenclamide failed to abolish this process.ConclusionsTherefore, these experiments suggested, that rectal distension increases transitory lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in dogs via through nitrergic pathways.
DYSPHAGIA AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC TOTAL FUNDOPLICATION: anterior or posterior gastric wall fundoplication?
Authors: BONADIMAN Adorísio , TEIXEIRA Alexandre Chartuni Pereira , GOLDENBERG Alberto , FARAH José Francisco de Mattos
Published: July 2014

ContextThe occurrence of severe dysphagia after laparoscopic total fundoplication is currently an important factor associated with loss of quality of life in patients undergoing this modality of treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease.ObjectivesCompare the incidence and evaluate the causes of severe postoperative dysphagia in patients undergoing laparoscopic total fundoplication (LTF) without short gastric vessels division, using the anterior gastric wall (Rossetti LTF) or anterior and posterior gastric walls (Nissen LTF).MethodsAnalysis of the data of 289 patients submitted to LTF without short gastric vessels division from January 2004 to January 2012, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Patients were divided in Group 1 (Rossetti LTF – n = 160) and Group 2 (Nissen LTF – n = 129).ResultsThe overall incidence of severe postoperative dysphagia was 3.11% (4.37% in group 1 and 1.55% in group 2; P = 0.169). The need for surgical treatment of dysphagia was 2.5% in group 1 and 0.78% in group 2 (= 0.264). Distortions of the fundoplication were identified as possible causes of the dysphagia in all patients taken to redo fundoplication after Rossetti LTF. No wrap distortion was seen in redo fundoplication after Nissen LTF.ConclusionsThe overall incidence of severe postoperative dysphagia did not differ on the reported techniques. Only Rossetti LTF was associated with structural distortion of the fundoplication that could justify the dysphagia.
GRADING SCALE OF VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE THICKNESS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: ANDRADE Luís Jesuino de Oliveira , MELO Paulo Roberto Santana de , PARANÁ Raymundo , DALTRO Carla
Published: July 2014

ContextThe mesenteric fat is drained by the portal system, being related to the metabolic syndrome which is an important risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ObjectivesGraduate of visceral fat thickness and correlate with the NAFLD degree through ultrasonography method.MethodsWe studied 352 subjects for age, gender, measures of subcutaneous fat thickness and visceral fat thickness as well as the presence and degree of liver fatty. Was analyzed the independent relationship between visceral fat thickness and NAFLD, and linear regression analysis was used in order to predict the visceral fat thickness from subcutaneous fat thickness.ResultsThe mean age of 225 women (63.9%) and 127 men (36.1%) was 47.5 ± 14.0 (18-77) years, 255 subjects had normal examinations, 97 had NAFLD thus distributed, 37 grade 1, 32 grade 2, and 28 grade 3. The subcutaneous fat thickness ranged from 0.26 to 3.50 cm with a mean of 1.3 ± 0.6 cm and visceral fat thickness ranged from 0.83 to 8.86 cm with a mean of 3.6 ± 1.7 cm. Linear regression showed that for every increase of 1 cm in subcutaneous fat thickness the visceral fat thickness will increase 0.9 cm.ConclusionsThe visceral fat thickness measured by ultrasonography is a useful and seems to be able to help estimate the risk of NAFLD.
BLEEDING AND STARVING: fasting and delayed refeeding after upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: FONSECA Jorge , MEIRA Tânia , NUNES Ana , SANTOS Carla Adriana
Published: July 2014

ContextEarly refeeding after nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is safe and reduces hospital stay/costs.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was obtaining objective data on refeeding after nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsFrom 1 year span records of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients that underwent urgent endoscopy: clinical features; rockall score; endoscopic data, including severity of lesions and therapy; feeding related records of seven days: liquid diet prescription, first liquid intake, soft/solid diet prescription, first soft/solid intake.ResultsFrom 133 patients (84 men) Rockall classification was possible in 126: 76 score ≥5, 50 score <5. One persistent bleeding, eight rebled, two underwent surgery, 13 died. Ulcer was the major bleeding cause, 63 patients underwent endoscopic therapy. There was 142/532 possible refeeding records, no record 37% patients. Only 16% were fed during the first day and half were only fed on third day or later. Rockall <5 patients started oral diet sooner than Rockall ≥5. Patients that underwent endoscopic therapy were refed earlier than those without endotherapy.ConclusionsMost feeding records are missing. Data reveals delayed refeeding, especially in patients with low-risk lesions who should have been fed immediately. Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients must be refed earlier, according to guidelines.
LOW DOSE CAPSULE BASED 13C-UREA BREATH TEST COMPARED WITH THE CONVENTIONAL 13C-UREA BREATH TEST AND INVASIVE TESTS
Authors: MATTAR Rejane , VILLARES Cibele Aparecida , MAROSTEGAM Priscila Faria França , CHAVES Cleuber Esteves , PINTO Vanusa Barbosa , CARRILHO Flair José
Published: July 2014

ContextOne of the limitations of 13C-urea breath test forHelicobacter pylori infection diagnosis in Brazil is the substrate acquisition in capsule presentation.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a capsule-based13C-urea, manipulated by the Pharmacy Division, for the clinical practice.MethodsFifty patients underwent the conventional and the capsule breath test. Samples were collected at the baseline and after 10, 20 and 30 minutes of 13C-urea ingestion. Urease and histology were used as gold standard in 83 patients.ResultsIn a total of 50 patients, 17 were positive with the conventional13C-urea (75 mg) breath test at 10, 20 and 30 minutes. When these patients repeated breath test with capsule (50 mg), 17 were positive at 20 minutes and 15 at 10 and 30 minutes. The relative sensitivity of13C-urea with capsule was 100% at 20 minutes and 88.24% at 10 and at 30 minutes. The relative specificity was 100% at all time intervals. Among 83 patients that underwent capsule breath test and endoscopy the capsule breath test presented 100% of sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsCapsule based breath test with 50 mg 13C-urea at twenty minutes was found highly sensitive and specific for the clinical setting. HEADINGS- Helicobacter pylori. Breath Test. Urea, analysis.
CELIAC DISEASE IN CHILDREN FROM MADEIRA ISLAND AND ITS PREVALENCE IN FIRST DEGREE RELATIVES
Authors: OLIVEIRA Joana Raquel Henriques , CABRAL António Jorge , FERREIRA Elena , CAPELINHA Filipa , SPÍNOLA Hélder , GONÇALVES Rute
Published: July 2014

ContextIt is well recognized that celiac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disorder highly prevalent among relatives of celiac patients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a group of first degree relatives of celiac children, and to access the frequency of human leukocyte antigen HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 in celiac disease patients and their affected relatives.MethodsA survey was conducted of 39 children with celiac disease with follow-up in the Pediatric outpatient’s clinic of Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, in Madeira Island, Portugal. Were invited 110 first degree relatives to undergo serological screen for celiac disease with IgA antibody to human recombinant tissue transglutaminase (IgA-TGG) quantification. In all seropositive relatives, small intestinal biopsy and HLA typing was recommended.ResultsHLA- typing was performed in 38 celiac patients, 28/74% DQ2 positive, 1/2% DQ8 positive and 9/24% incomplete DQ2. Positive IgA-TGG was found in five out of the 95 relatives, and CD was diagnosed in three of them. Three relatives had the presence of HLA-DQ2, two were DQ2 incomplete (DQB1*02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of celiac disease among first degree celiac patients´ relatives was 3.1%, 4.5 times higher than the general Portuguese population (0,7%) witch reinforces the need of extensive diagnostic screening in this specific group. HLA-DQ2 typing may be a tool in the diagnostic approach.
Laparoscopic antireflux surgery in patients with extra esophageal symptoms related to asthma
Authors: SILVA Amanda Pinter Carvalheiro da , TERCIOTI-JUNIOR Valdir , LOPES Luiz Roberto , COELHO-NETO João de Souza , BERTANHA Laura , RODRIGUES Paulo Rodrigo de Faria , ANDREOLLO Nelson Adami
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: Asthma, laryngitis and chronic cough are atypical symptoms of the gastroesophageal reflux disease. AIM: To analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in the remission of extra-esophageal symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux, related to asthma. METHODS: Were reviewed the medical records of 400 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease submitted to laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication from 1994 to 2006, and identified 30 patients with extra-esophageal symptoms related to asthma. The variables considered were: gender, age, gastroesophageal symptoms (heartburn, acid reflux and dysphagia), time of reflux disease, treatment with proton pump inhibitor, use of specific medications, treatment and evolution, number of attacks and degree of esophagitis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, comparing the pre- and post-surgical findings. RESULTS: The comparative analysis before surgery (T1) and six months after surgery (T2) showed a significant reduction on heartburn and reflux symptoms. Apart from that, there was a significant difference between the patients with daily crises of asthma (T1 versus T2, 45.83% to 16.67%, p=0.0002) and continuous crises (T1, 41.67% versus T2, 8.33%, p=0.0002). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was effective in improving symptoms that are typical of reflux disease and clinical manifestations of asthma.
Quality of life, pain, anxiety and depression in patients surgically treated with cancer of rectum
Authors: SANTOS Letácio José Freire , GARCIA João Batista dos Santos , PACHECO Jairo Sousa , VIEIRA Érica Brandão de Morais , SANTOS Alcione Miranda dos
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: The rectum cancer is associated with high rates of complications and morbidities with great impact on the lives of affected individuals. AIM: To evaluate quality of life, pain, anxiety and depression in patients treated for medium and lower rectum cancer, submitted to surgical intervention. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Eighty-eight records of patients with medium and lower rectum cancer, submitted to surgical intervention were selected, and enrolled. Forty-seven patients died within the study period, and the other 41 were studied. Question forms EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR38 were used to assess quality of life. Pain evaluation was carried out using the Visual Analogical Scale, depression and anxiety were assessed through Depression Inventories and Beck's Anxiety, respectively. The correlation between pain intensity, depression and anxiety was carried out, and between these and the EORTC QLQ-C30 General Scale for Health Status and overall quality of life, as well as the EORTC QLQ-CR38 functional and symptom scales. RESULTS: Of the 41 patients of the study, 52% presented pain, depression in 47%, and anxiety in 39%. There was a marking positive correlation between pain intensity and depression. There was a moderate negative correlation between depression and general health status, and overall quality of life as well as pain intensity with the latter. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between future depression perspective and sexual function, and also a strong positive correlation between depression and sexual impairments. A positive correlation between anxiety and gastro-intestinal problems, both statistically significant, was observed. CONCLUSION: Evaluation scales showed detriment on quality life evaluation, besides an elevated incidence of pain, depression, and anxiety; a correlation among these, and factors which influence on the quality of life of post-surgical medium and lower rectum cancer patients was observed.
Effectiveness of the ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) in the treatment of anal fistula: initial results
Authors: TOMIYOSHI Sergio Danilo Tanahara , SANTOS Carlos Henrique Marques DOS
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: The abscesses and anal fistulas represent about 70% of perianal suppuration, with an estimated incidence of 1/10000 inhabitants per year and representing 5% of queries in coloproctology. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the interesphincteric ligation technique of the fistulous tract in the treatment of anal fistula. METHODS: The records of eight patients who underwent this technique, evaluating age, gender and presence of incontinence were studied. Was named technical first-step the passage of cotton thread to promote the correct individualization of the fistula and, as the second, the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Two patients were men and eight women. The mean age was 42.8 years. Of these, seven (87.5%) had complete healing of the fistula; six were cured only with this procedure and one required additional operation with simple fistulotomy. Only one patient developed fecal incontinence which was documented by anorectal manometry. There were no deaths in this series. CONCLUSION: The interesphincteric ligation technique of the fistulous tract proved to be effective for the treatment of anal fistula and should not be discouraged despite the occurrence of eventual fecal incontinence.
Understanding the reasons for the refusal of cholecystectomy in patients with cholelithiasis: how to help them in their decision?
Authors: PERON Adilson , SCHLIEMANN Ana Laura , ALMEIDA Fernando Antonio de
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: Cholelithiasis is prevalent surgical disease, with approximately 60,000 admissions per year in the Unified Health System in Brazil. Is often asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic and major complications arise from the migration of calculi to low biliary tract. Despite these complications are severe and life threatening, some patients refuse surgical treatment. AIM: To understand why individuals with cholelithiasis refuse cholecystectomy before complications inherent to the presence of gallstones in the bile duct and pancreatitis occur. METHODS: To investigate the universe of the justifications for refusing to submit to surgery it was performed individual interviews according to a predetermined script. In these interviews, was evaluate the knowledge of individuals about cholelithiasis and its complications and the reasons for the refusal of surgical treatment. Were interviewed 20 individuals with cholelithiasis who refused or postponed surgical treatment without a plausible reason. To these interviews, was applied the technique of thematic analysis (Minayo, 2006). RESULTS: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of their disease and its possible complications, were well oriented and had surgical indications by their physicians. The refusal for surgery was justified primarily on negative experiences of themselves or family members with surgery, including anesthesia; fear of pain or losing their autonomy during surgery and postoperative period, preferring to take the risk and wait for complications to then solve them compulsorily. CONCLUSION: The reasons for the refusal to surgical resolution of cholelithiasis were diverse, but closely related to personal (or related persons) negative surgical experiences or complex psychological problems that must be adequately addressed by the surgeon and other qualified professionals.
Evaluation of P53, E-cadherin, Cox-2, and EGFR protein imunnoexpression on prognostic of resected gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: PAIS-COSTA Sergio Renato , FARAH José Francisco de Matos , ARTIGIANI-NETO Ricardo , MARTINS Sandro José , GOLDENBERG Alberto
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder carcinoma presents a dismal prognosis. Choice treatment is surgical resection that is associated a high levels of both morbidity and mortality. Best knowledgement of prognostic factors may result a better selection of patients either for surgical or multimodal treatment. AIM: To evaluate tecidual immunoexpression of P53, E-cadherin, Cox-2, and EGFR proteins and to correlate these findings with resected gallbladder adenocarcinoma survival. METHODS: Clinical, laboratorial, surgical, and anatomopathological reports of a series of gallbladder adenocarcinoma patients were collected by individualized questionary. Total sample was 42 patients. Median of age was 72 years (35-87). There were seven men and 35 women. Lesion distribuition in according TNM state was the following: T1 (n=2), T2 (n=5), T3 (n=31), T4 (n=4). Twenty-three patients underwent radical resection (R0), while 19 palliative surgery (R1-R2). A block of tissue microarray with neoplasic tissue of each patient was confected. It was performed evaluation of P53, E-Caderine, COX-2, and EGFR proteins imunoexpression. These findings were correlated with overall survival. RESULTS: Five-year survival was 28%. The median of global survival was eight months. Only immunoexpression of EGFR protein was considered independent variable at multivariated analysis. CONCLUSION: Final prognosis was influenced by over-expression of EGFR protein in tumoral tissue.
Management of variceal hemorrhage: current concepts
Authors: COELHO Fabricio Ferreira , PERINI Marcos Vinícius , KRUGER Jaime Arthur Pirola , FONSECA Gilton Marques , ARAÚJO Raphael Leonardo Cunha de , MAKDISSI Fábio Ferrari , LUPINACCI Renato Micelli , HERMAN Paulo
Published: July 2014

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of portal hypertension is complex and the the best strategy depends on the underlying disease (cirrhosis vs. schistosomiasis), patient's clinical condition and time on it is performed (during an acute episode of variceal bleeding or electively, as pre-primary, primary or secondary prophylaxis). With the advent of new pharmacological options and technical development of endoscopy and interventional radiology treatment of portal hypertension has changed in recent decades. AIM: To review the strategies employed in elective and emergency treatment of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic and schistosomotic patients. METHODS: Survey of publications in PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane databases through June 2013, using the headings: portal hypertension, esophageal and gastric varices, variceal bleeding, liver cirrhosis, schistosomiasis mansoni, surgical treatment, pharmacological treatment, secondary prophylaxis, primary prophylaxis, pre-primary prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Pre-primary prophylaxis doesn't have specific treatment strategies; the best recommendation is treatment of the underlying disease. Primary prophylaxis should be performed in cirrhotic patients with beta-blockers or endoscopic variceal ligation. There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of primary prophylaxis in patients with schistosomiasis; when indicated, it is done with beta-blockers or endoscopic therapy in high-risk varices. Treatment of acute variceal bleeding is systematized in the literature, combination of vasoconstrictor drugs and endoscopic therapy, provided significant decline in mortality over the last decades. TIPS and surgical treatment are options as rescue therapy. Secondary prophylaxis plays a fundamental role in the reduction of recurrent bleeding, the best option in cirrhotic patients is the combination of pharmacological therapy with beta-blockers and endoscopic band ligation. TIPS or surgical treatment, are options for controlling rebleeding on failure of secondary prophylaxis. Despite the increasing evidence of the effectiveness of pharmacological and endoscopic treatment in schistosomotic patients, surgical therapy still plays an important role in secondary prophylaxis.
The hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: NACIF Lucas Souto , ANDRAUS Wellington , PINHEIRO Rafael Soares , DUCATTI Liliana , HADDAD Luciana BP , D'ALBUQUERQUE Luiz Carneiro
Published: July 2014

INTRODUCTION: The hepatopulmonary syndrome has been acknowledged as an important vascular complication in lungs developing systemic hypoxemia in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Is formed by arterial oxygenation abnormalities induced from intrapulmonary vascular dilatations with liver disease. It is present in 4-32% of patients with cirrhosis. It increases mortality in the setting of cirrhosis and may influence the frequency and severity. Initially the hypoxemia responds to low-flow supplemental oxygen, but over time, the need for oxygen supplementation is necessary. The liver transplantation is the only effective therapeutic option for its resolution. AIM: To update clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of this entity. METHOD: A literature review was performed on management of hepatopulmonary syndrome. The electronic search was held of the Medline-PubMed, in English crossing the headings "hepatopulmonary syndrome", "liver transplantation" and "surgery". The search was completed in September 2013. RESULTS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is classically defined by a widened alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaPO2) on room air (>15 mmHg, or >20 mmHg in patients >64 years of age) with or without hypoxemia resulting from intrapulmonary vasodilatation in the presence of hepatic dysfunction or portal hypertension. Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, classification, treatments and outcomes are varied. CONCLUSION: The severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome is an important survival predictor and determine the improvement, the time and risks for liver transplantation. The liver transplantation still remains the only effective therapeutic.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus minilaparotomy in cholelithiasis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: CASTRO Paula Marcela Vilela , AKERMAN Denise , MUNHOZ Carolina Brito , SACRAMENTO Iara do , MAZZURANA Mônica , Alvarez Guines Antunes
Published: July 2014

INTRODUCTION: A introdução da técnica laparoscópica em 1985 foi um fator importante na colecistectomia por representar técnica menos invasiva, resultado estético melhor e menor risco cirúrgico comparado ao procedimento laparotômico. AIM: To compare laparoscopic and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in the treatment of cholelithiasis. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials, which included studies from four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Lilacs) was performed. The keywords used were "Cholecystectomy", "Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic" and "Laparotomy". The methodological quality of primary studies was assessed by the Grade system. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials were included, totaling 2043 patients, 1020 in Laparoscopy group and 1023 in Minilaparotomy group. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy dispensed shorter length of hospital stay (p<0.00001) and return to work activities (p<0.00001) compared to minilaparotomy, and the minilaparotomy shorter operative time (p<0.00001) compared to laparoscopy. Laparoscopy decrease the risk of postoperative pain (NNT=7) and infectious complications (NNT=50). There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding conversion (p=0,06) and surgical reinterventions (p=0,27), gall bladder's perforation (p=0,98), incidence of common bile duct injury (p=1.00), surgical site infection (p=0,52) and paralytic ileus (p=0,22). CONCLUSION: In cholelithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative pain and infectious complications, as well as shorter length of hospital stay and time to return to work activities compared to minilaparotomy cholecystectomy.
Simplified laparoscopic cholecystectomy with two incisions
Authors: ABAID Rafael Antoniazzi , CECCONELLO Ivan , ZILBERSTEIN Bruno
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has traditionally been performed with four incisions to insert four trocars, in a simple, efficient and safe way. AIM: To describe a simplified technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with two incisions, using basic conventional instrumental. TECHNIQUE: In one incision in the umbilicus are applied two trocars and in epigastrium one more. The use of two trocars on the same incision, working in "x" does not hinder the procedure and does not require special instruments. CONCLUSION: Simplified laparoscopic cholecystectomy with two incisions is feasible and easy to perform, allowing to operate with ergonomy and safety, with good cosmetic result.
Single-port for laparoscopic gastric resection with a novel platform
Authors: MACHADO Marcel Autran , MAKDISSI Fabio F. , SURJAN Rodrigo C.
Published: July 2014

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic gastrointestinal resections using single-port are possible, but triangulation problems and the need of articulated instruments difficult the procedures. AIM: To present a surgical alternative using single-port laparoscopic device on gastric resection. TECHNIQUE: The patient is placed in a supine and reverse Trendelenburg position with surgeon between patient's legs. First assistant was on the right side of the patient with the monitor placed on the patient's cranial side. With the patient under general anesthesia, a transumbilical 3 cm skin incision is performed. A single-incision advanced access platform with gelatin cap, self-retaining sleeve and wound protector is introduced through this incision. Three 5-12 mm operating ports were introduced through the single-port device. Due to the gel cap and sleeves, no articulated instruments are necessary. CO2 pneumoperitoneum is established at 12 mmHg. A rigid 30 degree 10 mm laparoscope is introduced. Operation begins with access to the lesser sac by opening the omentum along the greater curvature of the stomach using harmonic scalpel. Once the stomach is fully exposed and a stay suture is place around the tumor. Gastric wall is divided with cautery 1 cm away from the tumor. Tumor is excised. Gastric wall is sutured with two-layer running suture. No drain was used. Umbilical incision was closed. RESULTS: This procedure was used in one patient with gastric duplication. Operative time was 200 minutes. Blood loss was minimal. Recovery was uneventful and patient discharged on postoperative day 2. Final aspect of the umbilical incision was good. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric resection with single-port laparoscopic platform is feasible and may be safely performed in selected patients.
Assessment of Reservoir Saturation Monitoring in Newly Developed Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Alkaba Fatima H.
Published: July 2014

Determining water saturation accurately is the most critical factor in reservoir monitoring projects. Both Pulsed Neutron (PN) and resistivity logs have been extensively used in Saudi Arabia fields on a routine basis to monitor saturation changes and dynamics of reservoir performance. This critical evaluation has been evident in conventional resistivity that is run in every well drilled. The estimation of formation fluid saturation from conventional resistivity logs requires the sufficient knowledge of porosity, Archie exponents and formation water salinity. Resistivity logs read about 10 times deeper than PN logs; making them possibly more representative of reservoir conditions where measurements are taken in the undisturbed zone. With the onset of low salinity water injection and uncertainties of rock electrical properties, resistivity logs lose accuracy.

Recent advances in spectroscopic nuclear techniques have improved accuracy of formation quantification from Carbon/Oxygen ratio (C/O) measurements. This paper examines how C/O log provides better estimation of water saturation when the near wellbore reservoir is free of borehole fluid re-invasion. The ratio responds to the volumes of carbon and oxygen found in formation and borehole, making the evaluation independent of formation salinity, unlike resistivity logs.

This paper presents a study conducted in a giant carbonate field in Saudi Arabia to examine and compare the different techniques of PN logs [inelastic C/O and capture sigma] to quantify water saturation in several observation wells. It was found that: ■C/O saturation led to better representation of saturation.■Sigma is difficult for quantifying saturation.

Additionally, this paper provides recommendations and operational notes for the pre-job planning stage of this PN technology.
Drought Resistance of Warm‐Season Putting Green Cultivars on U.S. Golf Association Root Zones with Varied Potassium
Authors: Rowland J. H. , Cisar J. L. , Snyder G. H. , Sartain J. B. , Wright A. L. , Erickson J. E.
Published: July 2014

Drought resistance of putting green cultivars is receiving increased attention due to irrigation restrictions. Potassium, which reduces turfgrass tolerance to environmental stresses when deficient, is often applied at rates equal to or greater than N in an attempt to increase its efficacy. Drought resistance for recently established ‘TifDwarf’ (TD) and ‘TifEagle’ (TE) bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burt Davy], ‘SeaDwarf’ (SD) seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), and ‘PristineFlora’ (PF) zoysiagrass [Zoysia japonica Stued. by Zoysia tenuifolia (L.) Merr.] was evaluated under varied irrigation and K levels on a U.S. Golf Association (USGA)‐specified research green. Irrigation treatments were applied in the spring and fall of 2009 and spring 2010, and included 25, 50, and 100% of potential evapotranspiration (ETo), as calculated using the Blaney–Criddle equation. Nitrogen at 4.9 g m−2 30 d−1 and K (as KCl) in 1N:1K, 1N:2K, 1N:3K, and 1N:4K fertilization ratios were applied at the beginning of each experiment. All cultivars had objectionable wilting (>10%) at 25% ETo in 2009, although PF and SD had least in the fall. In 2010 PF and SD did not exhibit objectionable wilting at any irrigation level. At 50% ETo, TD and TE wilted objectionably in all experiments, as did PF in the fall of 2009. In 2010, the bermudagrasses exhibited objectionable wilting under daily irrigation at 100% ETo. Increasing K in relation to N failed to increase drought resistance for the cultivars studied. The bermudagrasses had the least drought resistance and PF and SD the most.