bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prepayment Model of Supply Chain Financing Based on Internet of Things and Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Duan Zhaohui
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the relationship between all kinds of things is constantly strengthened, and the regional restrictions on things are also constantly weakened, especially in the aspect of trade. In the past, people could only buy some basic goods in a relatively small area if they wanted to buy them in a relatively small area, but now the situation is very different. People’s dependence on traders is gradually decreasing; that is to say, the traditional advantages of traders are gradually losing. Particularly, in today’s fierce competition, survival of the fittest, and limited profits, the entire trade industry is facing a lot of impacts, not to mention the survival of traders relying on this industry. Therefore, traders must think of a new way to adapt to the characteristics of the new era, to continue to make profits and maintain their own survival. In fact, for the whole industry, this is also the most urgent problem to be solved. This study mainly explores the above problems and puts forward some feasible methods to solve the problems, hoping to cause some thinking of the industry personnel, so that they can modify and adjust their working mode. In addition, it should be emphasized that the mode of using Internet of things and machine learning to achieve the purpose of innovation is of great practical significance.
[Retracted] Effect of Intelligent Medical Data Technology in Postoperative Nursing Care
Authors: Duan Ninggui , Lin Guangbo
Published: August 2022

Surgery is one of the larger wounds in conventional surgery, and patients often experience different pain and postural discomfort after surgery. With the ever‐changing standards of medical care and patient care requirements, providing high‐quality care to postoperative patients is an important measure to reduce complications and promote rapid recovery. However, in the traditional postsurgical nursing methods, there are often the phenomenon that wrong patients are connected, patient data is messy, and medicines are counted incorrectly, which directly leads to a rapid decline in nursing efficiency. In the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence and big data, intelligent medical data analysis technology has gradually been integrated into the medical field. This paper analyzes and studies the application effect of intelligent medical data analysis technology in postoperative nursing. It is aimed at changing the traditional postoperative nursing methods and improving nursing efficiency, and it provides important suggestions for the development of postoperative nursing in the new era. Combining big data and Internet of Things technology, this paper builds a smart medical Internet of Things framework and an intelligent postoperative care system and uses machine learning algorithms to preprocess relevant medical data. The final experimental results show that the intelligent medical data analysis technology has a good effect in improving the nursing efficiency after surgery, and the nursing efficiency has increased by 6.9%.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mongolia Delineates Unique Molecular Traits and a Mutational Signature Associated with Environmental Agents
Authors: Torrens Laura , Puigvehí Marc , Torres-Martín Miguel , Wang Huan , Maeda Miho , Haber Philipp K. , Leonel Thais , García-López Mireia , Esteban-Fabró Roger , Leow Wei Qiang , Montironi Carla , Torrecilla Sara , Varadarajan Ajay Ramakrishnan , Taik Patricia , Campreciós Genís , Enkhbold Chinbold , Taivanbaatar Erdenebileg , Yerbolat Amankyeldi , Villanueva Augusto , Pérez-del-Pulgar Sofía , Thung Swan , Chinburen Jigjidsuren , Letouzé Eric , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Uzilov Andrew , Neely Jaclyn , Forns Xavier , Roayaie Sasan , Sia Daniela , Llovet Josep M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Mongolia has the world's highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with ∼100 cases/100,000 inhabitants, although the reasons for this have not been thoroughly delineated.

Experimental Design:

We performed a molecular characterization of Mongolian (n = 192) compared with Western (n = 187) HCCs by RNA sequencing and whole-exome sequencing to unveil distinct genomic and transcriptomic features associated with environmental factors in this population.

Results:

Mongolian patients were younger, with higher female prevalence, and with predominantly HBV–HDV coinfection etiology. Mongolian HCCs presented significantly higher rates of protein-coding mutations (121 vs. 70 mutations per tumor in Western), and in specific driver HCC genes (i.e., APOB and TSC2). Four mutational signatures characterized Mongolian samples, one of which was novel (SBS Mongolia) and present in 25% of Mongolian HCC cases. This signature showed a distinct substitution profile with a high proportion of T>G substitutions and was significantly associated with a signature of exposure to the environmental agent dimethyl sulfate (71%), a 2A carcinogenic associated with coal combustion. Transcriptomic-based analysis delineated three molecular clusters, two not present in Western HCC; one with a highly inflamed profile and the other significantly associated with younger female patients.

Conclusions:

Mongolian HCC has unique molecular traits with a high mutational burden and a novel mutational signature associated with genotoxic environmental factors present in this country.
Early Postoperative Treatment versus Initial Observation in CNS WHO Grade 2 and 3 Oligodendroglioma: Clinical Outcomes and DNA Methylation Patterns
Authors: Mair Maximilian J. , Leibetseder Annette , Heller Gerwin , Puhr Rainer , Tomasich Erwin , Goldberger Sebastian , Hatziioannou Teresa , Wöhrer Adelheid , Widhalm Georg , Dieckmann Karin , Aichholzer Martin , Weis Serge , von Oertzen Tim , Furtner Julia , Pichler Josef , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The treatment of oligodendroglioma consists of tumor resection and radiochemotherapy. The timing of radiochemotherapy remains unclear, and predictive biomarkers are limited.

Experimental Design:

Adult patients diagnosed with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated, 1p/19q-codeleted CNS WHO grade 2 and 3 oligodendroglioma at the Medical University of Vienna and the Kepler University Hospital Linz (Austria) in 1992 to 2019 were included. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between early postoperative treatment and initial observation were compared using propensity score–weighted Cox regression models. DNA methylation analysis of tumor tissue was performed using Illumina MethylationEPIC 850k microarrays.

Results:

One hundred thirty-one out of 201 (65.2%) patients with CNS WHO grade 2 and 70 of 201 (34.8%) with grade 3 oligodendroglioma were identified. Eighty-three of 201 (41.3%) patients underwent early postoperative treatment, of whom 56 of 83 (67.5%) received radiochemotherapy, 15 of 84 (18.1%) radiotherapy (RT) only and 12 of 83 (14.5%) chemotherapy only. Temozolomide-based treatment was administered to 64 of 68 (94.1%) patients, whereas RT + procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV) were applied in 2 of 69 (3.5%) patients. Early treatment was not associated with PFS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95% CI, 0.33–1.65, P = 0.459] or OS (adjusted HR: 2.07; 95% CI, 0.52–8.21, P = 0.302) improvement. Unsupervised clustering analysis of DNA methylation profiles from patients receiving early treatment revealed two methylation clusters correlating with PFS, whereas no association of clustering with O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, CNS WHO grade, extent of resection, and treating center could be observed.

Conclusions:

In this retrospective study, early postoperative treatment was not associated with improved PFS/OS in oligodendroglioma. The potentially predictive value of whole-genome methylation profiling should be validated in prospective trials.
Functional Testing to Characterize and Stratify PI3K Inhibitor Responses in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Yin Yanping , Athanasiadis Paschalis , Karlsen Linda , Urban Aleksandra , Xu Haifeng , Murali Ishwarya , Fernandes Stacey M. , Arribas Alberto J. , Hilli Abdul K. , Taskén Kjetil , Bertoni Francesco , Mato Anthony R. , Normant Emmanuel , Brown Jennifer R. , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Aittokallio Tero , Skånland Sigrid S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) are approved for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although patients may show an initial response to these therapies, development of treatment intolerance or resistance remain clinical challenges. To overcome these, prediction of individual treatment responses based on actionable biomarkers is needed. Here, we characterized the activity and cellular effects of 10 PI3Ki and investigated whether functional analyses can identify treatment vulnerabilities in PI3Ki-refractory/intolerant CLL and stratify responders to PI3Ki.

Experimental Design:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (n = 51 in total) from treatment-naïve and PI3Ki-treated patients with CLL were studied. Cells were profiled against 10 PI3Ki and the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax. Cell signaling and immune phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell viability was monitored by detection of cleaved caspase-3 and the CellTiter-Glo assay.

Results:

pan-PI3Kis were most effective at inhibiting PI3K signaling and cell viability, and showed activity in CLL cells from both treatment-naïve and idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients. CLL cells from idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients showed overall reduced protein phosphorylation levels. The pan-PI3Ki copanlisib, but not the p110δ inhibitor idelalisib, inhibited PI3K signaling in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in addition to CD19+ B cells, but did not significantly affect T-cell numbers. Combination treatment with a PI3Ki and venetoclax resulted in synergistic induction of apoptosis. Analysis of drug sensitivities to 73 drug combinations and profiling of 31 proteins stratified responders to idelalisib and umbralisib, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest novel treatment vulnerabilities in idelalisib-refractory/intolerant CLL, and indicate that ex vivo functional profiling may stratify PI3Ki responders.
Hepatitis B Virus Treatment and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Controversies and Approaches to Consensus
Authors: Kim Soo Ki , Fujii Takako , Kim Soo Ryang , Nakai Atsushi , Lim Young-Suk , Hagiwara Satoru , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: August 2022

Background: Long-term therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) such as entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) favorably affects the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the basis of data from randomized or matched control studies. Recent data suggest a lower HCC incidence after 5 years of ETV or TDF therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, especially those with baseline cirrhosis. Summary: Three controversial issues remain to be resolved regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment and HCC. (1) The efficacy of antiviral treatment for the prevention of HCC is not established. The guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) for the management of HBV infection state that antiviral treatment of HBV with interferon and NAs prevents the development of HCC. Among experts in CHB treatment, however, there is disagreement on the HCC prevention effects of antiviral treatment. (2) The rationale for antiviral management in patients with high HBV DNA and normal levels of alanine aminotransferase is unclear. The AASLD, EASL, and APASL guidelines do not recommend antiviral treatment for immune-tolerant CHB patients, and the terms and methods of treating such patients remain to be clarified. (3) The efficacy of first-line treatment with NAs, including ETV, TDF, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), to prevent HCC in CHB patients remains unknown. Several studies have produced controversial results regarding the effects of NAs on the risk and prevention of HCC. In the present review, we discuss these 3 issues, citing recent studies and clinical management guidelines from major international associations. Key Messages: Suggested approaches for reaching a consensus including applying the propensity score matching method, performing randomized controlled studies, and performing clinical studies with larger numbers of subjects and longer follow-up.
Effectiveness and Safety of Acitretin for the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Predictors of Clinical Response: A Cohort Study
Authors: Sánchez-Díaz Manuel , Díaz-Calvillo Pablo , Rodríguez-Pozo Juan Ángel , Arias-Santiago Salvador , Molina-Leyva Alejandro
Published: August 2022

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicle which presents with painful nodules, abscesses, and fistulae in apocrine gland-bearing areas of the skin. Approved treatments include antibiotics and biologic drugs such as adalimumab. Despite these treatments, HS management is challenging. Acitretin is an oral retinoid used for its management as 3rd or 4th line therapy. There is little evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of acitretin treatment for HS, and no reports have previously explored the potential clinical predictors associated with the response to the treatment. Methods: Retrospective cohort study to assess the effectiveness and safety of acitretin treatment in HS patients who failed to respond to topical therapies. Results: Sixty-two patients with moderate to severe HS were included. A significant decrease in the International HS Severity Scoring System (IHS4) score was found over time. Higher basal IHS4 score, family history of HS, follicular phenotype, and history of follicular plugging conditions were potential predictors of response. Most patients did not suffer any adverse events, and no severe side effects were observed. The main cause of discontinuation was lack of efficacy. Conclusion: Acitretin can be considered as a therapeutic option for patients with HS. The presence of follicular phenotype or a history of components of follicular occlusion syndrome is associated with better outcomes.
Evolutionary Changes in Pathology and Our Understanding of Disease
Authors: Chew Edwin Jun Chen , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: August 2022

The history of pathology involves human dissections, autopsies, microscopy, as well as the development of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Through these methods, our understanding of anatomy and disease improved, and models of pathogenesis were gradually refined over time. This review discusses key milestones in the development of pathology as a branch of medical science, from ancient civilizations to the modern day.
Analysis of Retinal Microvasculature Features in Amblyopic Eyes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Chong-Chao , Ji Kai-Bao , Yu Yi-Feng
Published: August 2022

Background: Amblyopia is a common cause of visual disorder with several changes in retinal structure and vessel. To date, alterations in retinal microvasculature features in amblyopia have yielded inconsistent results. Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate retinal vessel density (VD) in amblyopic patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for published articles comparing retinal microvasculature characteristics in patients with amblyopia and controls. Continuous variable outcomes were assessed using the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval. Review Manager Version 5.30 was used for the analysis. Results: Thirteen qualified articles were pooled in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the foveal whole en face VD of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of patients as measured by 3 × 3-mm scans were significantly lower in amblyopia eyes (MD: −1.37, p = 0.0003; MD: 1.70, p < 0.00001, respectively). Similarly, in the 6 × 6-mm scans, foveal whole en face VD of the SCP and DCP were remarkably lower in amblyopia eyes than in controls (MD: −2.24, p = 0.03; MD: −5.08, p = 0.04, respectively). The parafoveal VD of SCP in 3 × 3-mm scans (MD: −1.96, p < 0.00001) was also lower in amblyopic patients than in controls. Similarly, in 6 × 6-mm scans, amblyopia eyes showed a significant decrease and a trending decrease in the parafoveal VD of the SCP (MD: −3.85, p = 0.007) and DCP (MD: −3.03, p = 0.10), respectively. For whole radial peripapillary capillary (RPC), VD was significantly reduced in amblyopic patients compared to controls (MD = −0.83, p < 0.00001). In addition, the deep foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was larger in amblyopic eyes than in the controls (MD = 0.55, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Our data suggest that whole foveal and parafoveal VD and RPC whole VD were reduced in patients with amblyopia. Moreover, our results reveal that the FAZ is larger in amblyopic patients. Consequently, OCTA may have the potential for diagnosing and monitoring patients with amblyopia.
Predictive Utility of a Validated Polygenic Risk Score for Long-Term Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Khan Sadiya S. , Page Courtney , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Schwartz Yosef Y. , Greenland Philip , Pencina Michael J.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Understanding the predictive utility of previously derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its additive value beyond traditional risk factors can inform prevention strategies.

Methods:

Data from adults 20 to 59 years of age who were free of CHD from the FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) and the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study were analyzed. Because the PRS was derived from samples of predominantly European ancestry, individuals who self-reported White race were included. The sample was stratified by age and cohort: young (FOS, 20–39 years [median, 30 years] of age), early midlife (FOS, 40–59 years [median, 43] years of age), and late midlife (ARIC, 45–59 years [median, 52 years] of age). Two previously derived and validated prediction tools were applied: (1) a 30-year traditional risk factor score and (2) a genome-wide PRS comprising >6 million genetic variants. Hazard ratios for the association between each risk estimate and incident CHD were calculated. Predicted and observed rates of CHD were compared to assess discrimination for each model individually and together with the optimism-corrected C index (95% CI).

Results:

Among 9757 participants, both the traditional risk factor score (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 2.60 [95% CI, 2.08–3.27], 2.09 [95% CI, 1.83–2.40], and 2.11 [95% CI, 1.96–2.28]) and the PRS (hazard ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.70–2.30], 1.64 [95% CI, 1.47–1.84], and 1.22 [95% CI, 1.15–1.30]) were significantly associated with incident CHD in young, early midlife, and late midlife, respectively. Discrimination was similar or better for the traditional risk factor score (C index, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.70–0.78], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.67–0.72], and 0.72 [95% CI, 0.70–0.73]) compared with an age- and sex-adjusted PRS (0.73 [95% CI, 0.69–0.78], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.62–0.69], and 0.66 [95% CI, 0.64–0.67]) in young, early-midlife, and late-midlife participants, respectively. The ΔC index when PRS was added to the traditional risk factor score was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.001–0.05), 0.02 (95% CI, −0.002 to 0.037), and 0.002 (95% CI, −0.002 to 0.006) in young, early-midlife, and late-midlife participants, respectively.

Conclusions:

Despite a statistically significant association between PRS and 30-year risk of CHD, the C statistic improved only marginally with the addition of PRS to the traditional risk factor model among young adults and did not improve among midlife adults. PRS, an immutable factor that cannot be directly intervened on, has minimal clinical utility for long-term CHD prediction when added to a traditional risk factor model.
Risk of Myocarditis After Sequential Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age and Sex
Authors: Patone Martina , Mei Xue W. , Handunnetthi Lahiru , Dixon Sharon , Zaccardi Francesco , Shankar-Hari Manu , Watkinson Peter , Khunti Kamlesh , Harnden Anthony , Coupland Carol A.C. , Channon Keith M. , Mills Nicholas L. , Sheikh Aziz , Hippisley-Cox Julia
Published: August 2022

Background:

Myocarditis is more common after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection than after COVID-19 vaccination, but the risks in younger people and after sequential vaccine doses are less certain.

Methods:

A self-controlled case series study of people ages 13 years or older vaccinated for COVID-19 in England between December 1, 2020, and December 15, 2021, evaluated the association between vaccination and myocarditis, stratified by age and sex. The incidence rate ratio and excess number of hospital admissions or deaths from myocarditis per million people were estimated for the 1 to 28 days after sequential doses of adenovirus (ChAdOx1) or mRNA-based (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273) vaccines, or after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.

Results:

In 42 842 345 people receiving at least 1 dose of vaccine, 21 242 629 received 3 doses, and 5 934 153 had SARS-CoV-2 infection before or after vaccination. Myocarditis occurred in 2861 (0.007%) people, with 617 events 1 to 28 days after vaccination. Risk of myocarditis was increased in the 1 to 28 days after a first dose of ChAdOx1 (incidence rate ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.09–1.62]) and a first, second, and booster dose of BNT162b2 (1.52 [95% CI, 1.24–1.85]; 1.57 [95% CI, 1.28–1.92], and 1.72 [95% CI, 1.33–2.22], respectively) but was lower than the risks after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test before or after vaccination (11.14 [95% CI, 8.64–14.36] and 5.97 [95% CI, 4.54–7.87], respectively). The risk of myocarditis was higher 1 to 28 days after a second dose of mRNA-1273 (11.76 [95% CI, 7.25–19.08]) and persisted after a booster dose (2.64 [95% CI, 1.25–5.58]). Associations were stronger in men younger than 40 years for all vaccines. In men younger than 40 years old, the number of excess myocarditis events per million people was higher after a second dose of mRNA-1273 than after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (97 [95% CI, 91–99] versus 16 [95% CI, 12–18]). In women younger than 40 years, the number of excess events per million was similar after a second dose of mRNA-1273 and a positive test (7 [95% CI, 1–9] versus 8 [95% CI, 6–8]).

Conclusions:

Overall, the risk of myocarditis is greater after SARS-CoV-2 infection than after COVID-19 vaccination and remains modest after sequential doses including a booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. However, the risk of myocarditis after vaccination is higher in younger men, particularly after a second dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine.
What Everyone Says: Public Perceptions of the Humanities in the
Media
Authors: Liu Alan , Droge Abigail , Kleinman Scott , Thomas Lindsay , Baciu Dan C. , Douglass Jeremy
Published: August 2022

Using computational means to understand patterns in how the humanities are mentioned in U.S. journalism, the WhatEvery1Says project brings into focus challenging problems in the perception of the humanities. This essay reports on the project's findings and some of the further questions that emerged from them. For example, how does the “humanities crisis” appear among the many crises of our time? Why do the humanities figure so often in connection with concrete, ordinary life yet also seem abstract in value? How can more of the substance of humanistic research be communicated as opposed to appearing as just academic business? And why is there so little focus in the media on how underrepresented populations are positioned in relation to the humanities by comparison to science and social, political, or economic issues? The essay concludes by recommending that the humanities reframe their crisis as part of larger human crises requiring multidisciplinary “grand challenge” approaches.
Grassroots Museums & the Changing Landscape of the Public
Humanities
Authors: Ruffins Fath Davis
Published: August 2022

This essay is a brief history of the development of “grassroots” or community-based museums since the 1960s. These museums pioneered new kinds of relationships with their communities that were far different from older museums and, in the process, helped fundamentally enlarge and diversify public humanities. The essay begins with a focus on three museums founded in 1967: El Museo del Barrio in New York City, the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum (Smithsonian) in Washington, D.C., and the Wing Luke Museum in Seattle. Over the last fifty years, these museums have grown and stabilized and newer, bigger museums with similar goals have developed. These changes suggest that one future for humanities scholars is to become involved in new publics outside of the academy who are seeking humanistic analysis of their distinctive, previously marginalized, community stories.
Themes of Consolidation in Eugene P. Odum’s Publicization of the Levels Concept in Ecology Textbooks, 1953–1975
Authors: Brooks Daniel S.
Published: August 2022

Following its initial development in the 1920’s and 1930’s, by mid-century the concept of “levels of organization” began to disperse throughout the life science textbook literature. Among other early textbooks that first applied the levels concept, Eugene P. Odum’s usage of the notion in his textbook series Fundamentals of Ecology (and his later series Ecology) stands out due to the marked emphasis placed on the concept as a foundational, erotetically-oriented organizing principle. In this paper, I examine Odum’s efforts toward advocating the levels concept in ecology in light of the concept’s wider uptake in biology around that time.
Nietzsche and Cosmology: A Possible Way of Enriching the Practice of Science
Authors: Silva da Costa Wigson Rafael , Videira Antonio Augusto Passos
Published: August 2022

In this paper we will present the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche’s main reflections on the scientific enterprise, its relation to the metaphysical tradition, and how the German author drew on the nineteenth century cosmological discussion to develop a worldview that ultimately endorses a dynamic and more creative form of science, whose representations and values should not be separated from human interests.
Negotiating Home in Exile
Authors: Anas Omair
Published: August 2022

The Arab uprisings of 2011, and their slogans of freedom, dignity and justice, gave the Arab diaspora hope. Their aftermath led to disappointment, but many Arab diasporans still dream of returning home. The tension between their real, imagined and in-transit homes keeps these immigrants in home and exile simultaneously. The paper analyses the negotiation between distant and present, real and imagined homes, in finding and settling into a new home in the Arab diaspora in Berlin. It discusses the theory that the modern public sphere is primarily attached to territorially defined modern nation-states. Migration and transnationalism have challenged the bounded nature of nation-states and have allowed forces from and outside national territories to interact with forces beyond territorial limits, via satellite TV channels, social media and migration. This transnational push in the national public sphere has empowered the Arab diaspora to renegotiate their belonging to their host and home countries.
Patterns of predation and meat-eating by chacma baboons in an Afromontane environment
Authors: Allan Andrew T.L. , LaBarge Laura R. , Howlett Caroline , Bailey Annie L. , Jones Benjamin , Mason Zachary , Pinfield Thomas , Schröder Felix , Whitaker Alex , White Amy F. , Wilkinson Henry , Hill Russell A.
Published: August 2022

Meat-eating among non-human primates has been well documented but its prevalence among Afromontane baboons is understudied. In this study we report the predatory and meat-eating behaviours of a habituated group of gray-footed chacma baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) living in an Afromontane environment in South Africa. We calculated a vertebrate-eating rate of 1 every 78.5 hours, increasing to 58.1 hours when unsuccessful predation attempts were included. A key food source was young antelopes, particularly bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), which were consumed once every 115 observation hours. Similar to other baboon research sites, predations seemed mostly opportunistic, adult males regularly scrounged and monopolised prey, there was no evidence they used an active kill bite, and active sharing was absent. This is the first baboon study to report predation of rock python (Python sebae) eggs and likely scavenging of a leopard (Panthera pardus) kill (bushbuck) cached in a tree. We also describe several scramble kleptoparasitism events, tolerating active defence from antelope parents, and the baboons inhibiting public information about predations. In the latter case, baboons with meat often hid beyond the periphery of the group, reducing the likelihood of scrounging by competitors. This often led to prey carcasses being discarded without being fully exploited and potentially providing resources to scavengers. We also highlight the absence of encounters with numerous species, suggesting the baboons are a key component of several species’ landscapes of fear. Given these findings it seems likely that their ecological role in the Soutpansberg has been undervalued, and such conclusions may also hold for other baboon populations.
Fighting Poverty in Times of Crisis in Europe
Authors: Calado Alexandre Daniel Duarte Carvalho , Capucha Luís Manuel Antunes , Gray Jane , Wódz Kazimiera Maria
Published: August 2022

The debt crisis sparked a growing interest in resilience as a means to address socioeconomic hardship in Europe. This research used qualitative secondary analysis of three emblematic cases to examine resilience processes in countries with diverse welfare regimes: Poland, Portugal and Ireland. The goal is to undertake a comparative analysis of the lived experiences of households in situations of hardship, while addressing the influence of sociopolitical frameworks on social agency. Under an economic recession and reduced social investment, findings show that resilience processes had only marginal positive effects, consisting mostly of survival practices to cope with increased levels of poverty and social risk, regardless of national setting. Instead of leading to sustained improvements in their lives, resilience processes increased the vulnerability of individuals. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors discuss why policy-makers remain attracted to resilience as a social response to crises and how it is shaping the European Union’s social policy.
Ὁ Θεὸς ἔρως ἐστί
Authors: Tolan Daniel J.
Published: August 2022

Origen of Alexandria uses the language of ἔρως to explain God’s desire to be with humanity. However, Plato’s classic definition of ἔρως as a mix of poverty and plenty seems to be at odds with Origen’s commitment to classical theism. This article explains why Origen does not consider this attribution to contradict his theological commitments. It starts with a discussion of Origen’s theory of divine attributes, the ἐπίνοιαι Χριστοῦ. Next, Origen’s doctrine of passio caritatis, which states that God can actively will to be passive, is explained. Then, Origen’s familiarity with Plato’s Symposium is demonstrated. The article then considers Origen’s attribution of ἔρως to God, and its context, in the Commentarium in Canticum Canticorum; it emerges that the Incarnation is, for Origen, God’s most erotic act. The final section shows that Origen maintains his understanding of God’s erotic, incarnational movement towards fallen humanity in works other than the Commentarium in Canticum Canticorum.
Understanding Active Communicators on the Food Safety Issue: Conspiratorial Thinking, Organizational Trust, and Communicative Actions of Publics in China
Authors: Chon Myoung-Gi , Xu Linjia , Kim Jarim , Liu Jiaying
Published: August 2022

As misinformation is common in the digital media environment, it has become more important to understand risk communication in the context of communicative behaviors of publics that affect public opinion and policymaking. Focusing on food safety issues such as genetically modified food and food additives in China, this study aims to understand the communicative action of publics and the role of organizational trust in the conspiratorial thinking of publics and their perceptions of food safety issues. Using a national sample of 1,089 citizens living in China, this study examines situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) to understand when and how publics become active in communicative actions to take, select, and transmit information regarding food safety issues. In addition, this study tests the role of organizational trust in the food industry between conspiratorial thinking of publics and their situational perceptions, which are antecedent variables to increase communicative action of publics in problem solving. The results demonstrate that STOPS can be applied to the food safety issue to predict communicative actions of publics, and organizational trust plays a vital role in reducing individuals’ concerns about the food safety issue.
The Influence of Ethical Beliefs and Attitudes, Norms, and Prior Outcomes on Cybersecurity Investment Decisions
Authors: Fleischman Gary M. , Valentine Sean R. , Curtis Mary B. , Mohapatra Partha S.
Published: August 2022

Recent data breaches underscore the importance of organizational cybersecurity. However, the high costs of such security can force chief financial officers (CFOs) to make difficult financial and ethical trade-offs that have both business and societal implications. We employ a 2 × 2 randomized experiment that varies both an observed scenario CFO’s investment decision (invest/not invest in security) and organizational outcomes (positive/negative) to investigate these trade-offs. Participant managers assess the observed CFO’s investment behavior and indicate their own intentions to invest. Results indicate that when the observed scenario CFO invests in security, managers primarily follow their peers when making investment decisions. However, when the observed CFO does not invest in security, managers make their own decisions by engaging in more in-depth reasoning that includes assessment of the seriousness of consequences, as well as the ethical and societal considerations. Moderated mediation findings further deconstruct and corroborate these relationships.
Occupational therapists’ application of the Do-Live-Well framework: A Canadian health promotion approach
Authors: Kim Sungha , Larivière Nadine , Bayer Ilana , Gewurtz Rebecca , Letts Lori
Published: August 2022

Background. The Do-Live-Well (DLW) framework is an occupation-focused health promotion approach. Online and in-person DLW educational workshops were offered to encourage occupational therapists to apply the DLW concepts. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to understand workshop participants’ experiences of and perspectives on using the DLW framework to support its application in the future. Method. Interpretative description was used to understand workshop participants’ perspectives on benefits, facilitators, and challenges of using DLW. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using a thematic analysis. Findings. Eight themes were identified as follows: (a) environmental factors of practice settings, (b) co-workers’ support, (c) DLW enhanced occupational therapy practice, (d) confidence in using DLW, (e) nature of the DLW framework, (f) DLW promoted healthy occupational engagement, (g) DLW was not suitable for everyone, and (h) pandemic effects. Implications. The DLW framework supports occupationally focused practices, and continuous learning support will be needed.
Perspectives on being mothered and on negotiating the transition to motherhood: A qualitative study of low-income single mothers in Botswana
Authors: Malinga Tumani , Ann Ostler Teresa
Published: August 2022

This study explored the different circumstances that single, low-income women from Botswana had to navigate in childhood with their own mothers and how they experienced and negotiated motherhood as single mothers living in poverty. Grounded in a constructionist paradigm and in literature on motherhood as a practice, discourse, and social identity that is constructed in the intersecting contexts of culture, class, ethnicity, and gender, in-depth data were gathered in semi-structured interviews with 15 women living in a rural region in Botswana. Women felt unprepared for motherhood and struggled in this role, yet they also viewed motherhood as transforming.
Clinical Need, Perceived Need, and Treatment Use: Estimating Unmet Need for Mental Health Services in the Adult Population
Authors: Thoits Peggy A.
Published: August 2022

Estimates of unmet need for mental health services in the adult population are too high because many recover without treatment. Untreated recovery suggests that individuals accurately perceive professional help as unnecessary and do not pursue it. If so, perceived need for treatment should predict service use/nonuse more strongly than the presence or seriousness of disorder. With National Comorbidity Survey-Replication data, respondents who recovered from prior disorder by the current year (N = 1,054) were compared to currently unrecovered respondents with less serious (N = 999) and more serious disorders (N = 294). Perceived need covaried positively with the presence and seriousness of disorder and linked to far higher odds of treatment use than disorder seriousness, supporting perceptual accuracy. Two-thirds of respondents who perceived a treatment need obtained care; only one-third had unmet need. Need perceptions may better estimate a treatment gap and prompt research on individuals’ self-assessments and treatment decision-making.
You Don’t Look Sick: Voices of Music Educators Living With Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Weimer Kristina R. , Vaughan-Marra Jessica
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of music educators at varying career stages and teaching positions who experience chronic illnesses. Participants ( n = 8) represented a variety of chronic illnesses and self-identified career stages. Research questions centered on how participants described navigating their chronic illnesses and how their illnesses impacted or influenced their work. Data included individual and focus group interviews. We found two themes. The first theme connected to realities and misconceptions of illness, including living with ever-present and often invisible symptoms and unpredictable flare-ups, which led to silence and isolation. The second theme described how participants adjusted their work with an emphasis on flexibility, including personal and professional modifications and considerations due to COVID-19. Recommendations are described in terms of professional support, representation, understanding, communication, community, self-advocacy, and broadening the scope of teacher wellness.
Corporate Moral Responsibility, Distributive Justice, the Common Good, and Catholic Social Teaching: The Case of Gilead Sciences and Remdesivir
Authors: Ballano Ivencio
Published: August 2022

Applying the moral principles of Catholic social teaching’s (CST) on capitalism, distributive justice, private ownership, the common good, and the role of the state in the economy as the overall theoretical framework and utilizing secondary data, media reports, and scientific literature, this article explores the corporate moral responsibility of the top drug makers in the ownership and pricing of their essential medicines and COVID-19 vaccines. Specifically, it presents the case of the Gilead Sciences’ business strategies and overpricing of Remdesivir drug to illustrate how predatory capitalism undermines the moral responsibility of drug makers and CST’s moral principle on the common good in today’s pandemic. Distributive justice requires that the publicly funded and developed medicines and vaccines should be priced and distributed fairly to promote the common good and prevent the public from “paying twice” for these essential medicines. Given the public character of these medicines and the demands of social justice, the price of Remdesivir and other essential medicines of Gilead Sciences and Big Pharma for COVID-19 could have been lower than what was officially announced. Ultimately, these medicines could have been made global public health goods in accordance with CST’s doctrines on distributive justice, the common good, and the social dimension of private ownership.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence as Reminder About Death: Lived Experiences of Cancer Survivors’ Spouses
Authors: Urbutienė Eglė , Pukinskaitė Rūta
Published: August 2022

Fear of cancer recurrence is the most prevalent and burdensome emotional concern among cancer survivors’ spouses after treatment. This qualitative study aimed to reveal death-related experiences of spouses of cancer survivors in remission, in the context of fear of cancer recurrence. Seven spouses (aged 35–56), four women and three men were explored. Data were obtained using an unstructured interview and analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. The spouses associate cancer relapse with death, risk of losing their spouse. The threat of death triggers not only the feelings of insecurity, uncertainty about the future and loss of control, but also appreciation of life, focus on positive aspects in relationships. Planning for the “worst” scenarios and avoidance helped spouses to reduce tension and enhance control. Interventions for spouses should focus on promotion of emotional expression of death related concerns underlying fear of relapse, also developing new coping strategies to accept and tolerate uncertainty.
Leisure Activity, Leisure Satisfaction, and Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being Among Older Adults With Cancer Experience
Authors: Chun Sanghee , Lee Sunwoo , Heo Jinmoo , Ryu Jungsu , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: August 2022

Older adults with cancer experience are more likely to encounter a notable reduction of participation in physical and social leisure activities, which may threaten their overall well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore how specific types of leisure activities and leisure satisfaction were linked to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being among older adults who had experienced cancer. A nationally representative sample of 2,934 older adults with lifetime cancer experience was retained from the Health and Retirement Study. The results of regression analysis revealed that walking for 20 minutes was reported as the only type of leisure activity related to hedonic well-being for the oldest-old (85+ years old). The current study also found that TV watching was significantly, but negatively associated with eudaimonic well-being for the young-old (50-74 years of age). In contrast, using a computer was positively linked to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being among the young-old and old-old (75-84 years of age). The current study made a significant contribution to build the body of knowledge that the different age groups of older adults who had experienced cancer can enhance eudaimonic and hedonic well-being by participating in different types of leisure activities. Implications for further research are discussed.
Somatic and psychological distress among Russian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zolotareva Alena , Belousova Svetlana , Danilova Irina , Tseilikman Vadim , Lapshin Maxim , Sarapultseva Lilia , Makhniova Svetlana , Kritsky Igor , Ibragimov Roman , Hu Desheng , Komelkova Maria
Published: August 2022

Objective

Previous studies highlighted a high prevalence of mental health issues among students during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no evidence from Russia. This study was aimed to examine the prevalence of somatic and psychological distress among Russian university students.

Method

The cross-sectional study was conducted in March-April 2021. The participants were university students from several regions of Russia (N = 1236). The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 were used to measure the somatic and psychological distress.

Results

The prevalence of somatic burden, depression, anxiety, and stress was 72.2%, 54.7%, 63.4%, and 55.4%, respectively. Somatic burden, anxiety, and stress were more frequently observed in females and students with experience of COVID-19 disease compared to males and students without experience of COVID-19 disease.

Conclusions

These data illuminate the high prevalence and potential risk factors for somatic and psychological distress among Russian university students and determine the importance of psychoeducation and preventive measures in the Russian university environment.
Total Resection of Intraorbital Hydatid Cyst by Using Lynch Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Alabdullah Muhammad Nour , Awad Abdulrahman , Alabdullah Hadi
Published: August 2022

Hydatidosis is a chronic zoonotic infection of humans caused by the infestation of larvae of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. All parts of the body can be infected, especially the liver and lungs. Intraorbital hydatid cyst (HC) is a rare entity and accounts for less than 1% of all hydatid cysts. Total resection of the cyst can be very challenging due to the limited area within the orbit and the severe adhesion to adjacent structures. Several surgical approaches have been described in the literature depending on the size and location of the cyst. We reported a case of retrobulbar HC in a 10-year-old boy which was completely resected using the Lynch approach. Our case should be the second reported case from Syria and the first case that used the Lynch approach in the literature.
A Review of Quantitative Ultrasound-Based Approaches to Thermometry and Ablation Zone Identification Over the Past Decade
Authors: Li Sinan , Zhou Zhuhuang , Wu Shuicai , Wu Weiwei
Published: August 2022

Percutaneous thermal therapy is an important clinical treatment method for some solid tumors. It is critical to use effective image visualization techniques to monitor the therapy process in real time because precise control of the therapeutic zone directly affects the prognosis of tumor treatment. Ultrasound is used in thermal therapy monitoring because of its real-time, non-invasive, non-ionizing radiation, and low-cost characteristics. This paper presents a review of nine quantitative ultrasound-based methods for thermal therapy monitoring and their advances over the last decade since 2011. These methods were analyzed and compared with respect to two applications: ultrasonic thermometry and ablation zone identification. The advantages and limitations of these methods were compared and discussed, and future developments were suggested.
Industrializing Bacterial Work: Microbiopolitics, Biogas Alchemy, and the French Waste Management Sector
Authors: Daniel François-Joseph
Published: August 2022

Biological waste recycling has recently attracted widespread interest and investment. Large industrial plants that use microbiological engineering to process municipal waste and produce biogas have been established in different countries including Germany, France, Portugal, Brazil, Canada, and China, to name a few. These biowaste facilities are not simply classical energy infrastructures, as they are commonly described, but rather rely on the power of bacteria, archaea, and fungi at several levels to accomplish the work of waste metamorphosis. Such an appropriation of microbes’ vital force is based on specific and complex human–microbe relations, or microbiopolitics, that rely on practices of attention, care, and proximity with waste material. However, in these industrial attempts of upgrading the metabolic work of bacteria, the need for more hands-on daily care of waste materials and biological processes is being superseded by the automation of waste processing. Close examination of the French context shows that this shift produces ignorance regarding the growth and evolution of bacterial colonies and reduces humans’ attention and proximity to the industrial process, thereby depriving the microbes of elements that hitherto kept them domesticated.