bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Silent Victory of the Israeli Settlers' Movement
Authors: Pedahzur Ami
Published: May 2020

The visions of the Jewish settlers and the Palestinian Islamists regarding the future of the contested land are the epitome of fundamentalism, since they are not only mutually exclusive but also unyielding.
Kurdish Nationalism's Moment of Truth?
Authors: Eppel Michael
Published: May 2020

“Prolonged instability and violence or state collapse in Syria and Iraq, as well as major changes in Turkish attitudes, may produce the right conditions for the establishment of a Kurdish state or new autonomous regions.” Third in a series on resurgent nationalism around the world.
Twenty-First-Century Space Security: Conflict or Collaboration?
Authors: Moltz James Clay
Published: May 2020

Given the growing number of actors and spacecraft in orbit, the major challenge facing the international community is one of collective action….
Climate Change Politics on the Road to Paris
Authors: Elliott Lorraine
Published: May 2020

Nations will try to negotiate a successor treaty to the Kyoto Protocol by the end of 2015. Can they agree on how to share the burden of cutting emissions and funding mitigation and adaption measures?
Hungary's Illiberal Democracy
Authors: Innes Abby
Published: May 2020

Hungarian political and economic stresses over the past 25 years have been in many ways a magnified version of those afflicting Western Europe.
Resisting Chinese Influence: Social Movements in Hong Kong and Taiwan
Authors: Kaeding Malte Philipp
Published: May 2020

[T]he movements in Taiwan and Hong Kong … are essentially about the reaffirmation of a distinct local identity.
Is Germany Really an Environmental Leader?
Authors: Schreurs Miranda A.
Published: May 2020

The Germans have been early adopters of green standards, and the state has set ambitious renewable-energy targets. But industrial lobbies can still thwart regulations, as the Volkswagen scandal revealed.
The EU's Indistinct Identity
Authors: Delanty Gerard
Published: May 2020

While the European Union has embedded itself in ordinary life through administrative integration and cultural symbols, this “banal authority” may not be enough to handle tough political tests.
An Islamist Power Grab Derails Democracy in Turkey
Authors: Öktem Kerem
Published: May 2020

[W]hat sort of country is going to emerge from this revolutionary reshaping of society?
The Origins and Consequences of US Nonintervention in Syria
Authors: Itani Faysal
Published: May 2020

The single most important external factor in the Syrian war's trajectory was the set of foreign policy beliefs Obama held well before the first shot was fired.
Can the Saudi Economy Be Reformed?
Authors: Young Karen E.
Published: May 2020

Saudi Arabia must place its citizens firmly in the center of its transformation, so that employment, productivity, and local demand determine the direction of the economy.
Islamists and Liberal Values in the Middle East
Authors: Stein Ewan
Published: May 2020

A new book's argument that Islam is exceptional, with an inbuilt resistance to democracy, sounds to our reviewer like an echo of an earlier era's Orientalist assumptions.
The French State of Emergency
Authors: Fredette Jennifer
Published: May 2020

Underlying the debate on the state of emergency and terrorism are deep tensions over the place of religion in French public life. Or more specifically, the place of Islam.
Can South Asia Share Its Rivers?
Authors: Price Gareth , Mittra Sonali
Published: May 2020

[D]isputes have deepened to the extent that water is seen as inherently a source of conflict rather than productivity or cooperation.
China Gambles on Modernizing Through Urbanization
Authors: Looney Kristen , Rithmire Meg
Published: May 2020

[T]he plan aims for massive urbanization through the extension of formal permanent residency to current and future migrants in small cities and towns rather than large urban centers.
Adapting to Climate Hazards in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Carey Mark , Moulton Holly
Published: May 2020

A focus on the various factors shaping climate adaptation over time—particularly the social, economic, and political dimensions—fosters a reframing and broadening of the climate change problem.
India's Economic Liberalization: The Elephant Comes of Age
Authors: Sharma Shalendra D.
Published: May 2020

Excerpts from Current History essays on major milestones, published two decades ago.
A Fresh Start for South Africa?
Authors: Mangcu Xolela
Published: May 2020

Cyril Ramaphosa, the new president, needs to restore public confidence in a ruling party eroded by the corruption associated with his predecessor, Jacob Zuma. Here are some ideas he could try.
Social Mobility in China: Class and Stratification in the Reform Era
Authors: Goodman David S. G.
Published: May 2020

[S]tudies have revealed a high level of intergenerational transfer of class and social status, privileged and otherwise.
Red Swan Song: The End of Policy Experimentation in China?
Authors: Teets Jessica C.
Published: May 2020

Will Xi Jinping's increasingly authoritarian rule stifle innovation by local officials, which has been instrumental in the Chinese communist regime's resilience and economic success?
Sisi Builds a Green Zone for Egypt
Authors: Dunne Michele
Published: May 2020

By 2018, most Egyptians who had played important roles in public life between the mid-2000s and the 2013 coup were either in prison or in exile abroad in what amounted to a massive brain drain.
Trump's Reckless Middle East Gambles
Authors: Telhami Shibley
Published: May 2020

Unilateral decisions to scupper the Iran nuclear deal and move the US embassy to Jerusalem could have dangerous consequences that the president's inexperienced advisers failed to anticipate.
Can Labor Immigration Work for Refugees?
Authors: Ruhs Martin
Published: May 2020

New policy designs will need to have an explicit dual purpose, combining the objectives of labor migration and humanitarian protection.
Return Migration and Social Mobility in Mexico
Authors: Hagan Jacqueline Maria , Wassink Joshua T.
Published: May 2020

“[L]abor-market reintegration is a complex and uneven process for return migrants.” Sixth in a series on social mobility around the world.
From Truth Commission to Post-Truth Politics in Brazil
Authors: Atencio Rebecca J.
Published: May 2020

A central feature of Bolsonaro's pro-dictatorship campaign stance was the promise it represented of a return to the old social order and traditional values.
Effects of aerobic physical activity to cardio-respiratory fitness of the elderly population: systematic overview
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Bjelica Bjelica , Joksimović Marko , Skrypchenko Iryna , Filipović Siniša , Milanović Filip , Pavlović Bojan , Ćorluka Bojan , Pržulj Radomir
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. Aerobic training is effective manner of exercising aimed at improving cardio-respiratory fitness of young people. However, its effects to the elderly population (over the age of 60), depending on characteristics of the participant (gender, health status, lifestyle, etc.), is still unclear. Aim of this research is systematic overview of the available literature dealing with the topic of effects of aerobic training to cardio-respiratory fitness of the elderly population over the age of 60, depending of gender (male/female), BMI (overweight/normal weight), lifestyle (active/sedentary), health status (diabetes/hypertension/metabolic syndrome).
Material and methods: Total number of papers with published research results which met the criteria was 32. Walking is effective manner of exercising which influences improvement of maximum oxygen consumption (mean value: ±SD:12.91±7.40%). Introduction of activities with greater impact (bicycle and jogging) provides more effect to the cardio-respiratory fitness (mean value: ±SD:14.28±7.48%).
Results: Aerobic training intensity level (moderate vs. high) makes no significant difference to the adaptive response of the cardio-respiratory fitness in elderly population. Training in duration of 6 weeks may significantly influence increase in maximum oxygen consumption, but longer training duration, however, has better effect.  Endurance training has similar effects to improvement of cardio-respiratory fitness in both men and women. On the other hand, it seems that active people have lower adaptive response in comparison to sedentary people (8.3% vs. 18.84%). Effect is similar between overweight and normal weight participants (18.48% vs. 8.6%). Positive influence of aerobic training was also observed in participants with hypertension, metabolic system and diabetes type 2.
Conclusion: Results clearly suggest benefits of aerobic training on cardio-respiratory fitness of elderly population. The effect may, however, vary depending of duration, type of activity, as well as characteristics of the sample.
The effect of exercise on homocysteine and some blood parameters in middle-aged sedentary individuals
Authors: Çelik Nuri M. , Soyal Mehmet
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of exercise on the blood levels of homocysteine, hemoglobin and hematocrit in middle-aged sedentary individuals.
Material and Methods. A total of 24 middle-aged (35-55 years) sedentary individuals (12 females and 12 males) living in Batman province voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, body mass index, Homocysteine, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit  blood levels were measured before and after a walking exercise scheduled for 6 weeks. Walking exercise was administered 4 days a week for the 6 weeks. Initially, the walking exercises started as 40 min and increased to 60 min towards the end of the program. In the exercises, walking tempo was kept higher than normal and in parallel to the overall health levels of the subjects. The data obtained were then analyzed through the SPSS 25.00 package program.
Results. It was determined that there were statistically significant differences in the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, and Homocysteine  values. Additionally, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to the female and male participants, there were statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels.
Conclusions. As the conclusion, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to a total of 24 participants (12 females and 12 males), there were statistically significant changes in the values of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. It is suggested for further studies to apply nutrition programs and exercise protocols on young people regularly doing exercise and active athletes in different branches in order to contribute to sports science.
The effect of elbow position on the handgrip strength test in children: validity and reliability of TKK 5101 and DynX dynamometers
Authors: Kolimechkov Stefan , Castro-Piñero Jose , Petrov Lubomir , Alexandrova Albena
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim: One of the most widely applied methods to assess upper-body strength in children and adolescents is the handgrip strength test. While in adolescents it has been determined which elbow position, and which type of dynamometer are most appropriate for achieving the maximal grip strength, in children is still not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether elbow position and the type of dynamometer affect the handgrip strength in children.
Material and Methods: Grip strength was measured by TKK and DynX dynamometers, and their validity and reliability were also analysed. A total of 60 children, 6 to 11 years old, participated in this study, and performed the handgrip strength test with their elbow extended and flexed at 90°.
Results: While using the TKK dynamometer, grip strength was significantly higher when the test was performed with elbow extended, in contrast to those obtained with elbow flexed (14.58±3.04 kg vs 12.97±2.99 kg, p<0.001 for right, and 14.25±3.05 kg vs 12.61±2.99 kg, p<0.001 for left hand). Likewise, when using the DynX dynamometer, the difference between the two elbow positions was smaller but still significant (13.84±3.22 kg vs 13.35±3.01 kg, p=0.035 for right, and 13.35±2.95 kg vs 12.77±2.96 kg, p=0.003 for left hand).
Conclusions: Both dynamometers provided sufficient results in terms of their reliability and the TKK dynamometer showed to be more valid. Performing the handgrip strength test with elbow extended appears to be the most appropriate position in order to obtain maximal results in children.
The influence of professional training disciplines on the physical fitness level of the folk dance department students
Authors: Limanskaya Olga V. , Kriventsova Irina V. , Podrigalo Leonid V. , Yefimova Olena V. , Jagiello Marina
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. To determine the influence of professional training disciplines on the physical fitness level of the folk dance department students.
Material and Methods. The study involved students majoring in "Choreography" (males - n = 5; females - n = 10). Tests were used to determine the level of general and special physical qualities development. It was also determined the level of physical fitness at the beginning of training and after two years of training.
Results. At the beginning of the study, students had average and low rates of speed and strength qualities development and low indicators of dorsal spine mobility. There were significant changes in increasing the level of coordination and dorsal spine mobility (p <0.01). The increase in average statistical indicators of strength endurance is in males (p <0.05) and females (p <0.01). It was revealed the decrease in the level of certain indicators of general physical fitness in females during the first two years of study.
Conclusions. It is recommended to constantly monitor the physical fitness of future choreographers. The exclusion of the discipline "Physical Education" from the training programs for choreography teachers requires appropriate compensation for specific physical activity. These can be students’ independent physical training. It also requires the correction of special training programs that include physical activity.
Differences in kinematic parameters between male and female hammer throw finalists of the World Championship in Daegu in 2011
Authors: Pavlović Ratko
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. Hammer throwing is the most complex athletic throwing discipline with rotational trajectory and strong effect of several different forces that try to disable the projected throwing trajectory. Kinematic parameters are an important segment in the analysis of athletic disciplines, including hammer throw. They are an indicator of influence and often a difference between competitors of different or the same rank of the competition.
The aim of the study was to determine the spatial and temporal differences of kinematic parameters between male and female elite hammers.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted on sample of 16 Daegu World Championship finalists in 2011, to analyse differences in kinematic parameters between male and female throwers hammer. To obtain the required results, t-test for small independent samples was applied.
Results. The data obtained in the study were given as Mean and Standard deviation. Statistically significant differences between male and female finalists were confirmed in the rate of ejection (t=3.684; p<0.004) and the speed of the fourth turn (t=4.396; p<0.002). The male finalists achieved an average ejection velocity of 27.91m/s and the female finalists 27.17m/s, with an average turn speed of 4.67m/s (male) and 4.03m/s (female).
Conclusions. The research has shown that significant differences were made between male and female finalists in Daegu in 2011. The causes of differences can be found in length of training, different training process, technical mastery, competitor experience, morphological profile, motor and anatomical structures, movement technique and biomechanical parameters, which were not taken into the research.
Participación ciudadana y posverdad: la amenaza de la posverdad participativa
Authors: Castellanos-Claramunt Jorge
Published: May 2020

La participacion ciudadana se presenta hoy, dentro del discurso politico, como la panacea legitimadora y revitalizadora por excelencia de la desgastada y denostada democracia representativa. Sin embargo, los instrumentos que supuestamente la promueven, el lenguaje con el que se la propone y la enorme fuerza con la que ha irrumpido en el panorama politico la ‘posverdad’, capaz de imponer en la opinion publica una version adulterada y falseada de la realidad, han provocado no solo que el ciudadano se retraiga y desconfie todavia mas de la fuerza regeneradora del actual paradigma participativo, sino que debamos ponernos en guardia ante el extraordinario poder manipulador que se encierra en la conjuncion de participacion y posverdad, frente a las exigencias basicas de transparencia y veracidad propias de una autentica democracia.
Revisión de la literatura sobre la violencia y sus implicaciones en la formación en enfermería
Authors: Maffissoni André Lucas , Sanes Marina da Silva , Oliveira Saionara Nunes de , Martini Jussara Gue , Lino Monica Motta
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La violencia es un fenómeno social complejo, que se manifiesta en varios sectores de la sociedad contemporánea. Los actos violentos están presentes en los procesos de formación en diferentes áreas del conocimiento, como el pregrado en enfermería. Objetivo: Identificar la forma en que se presenta la violencia en el pregrado de enfermería y las posibles implicaciones para la formación de los estudiantes. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora en la biblioteca virtual SciELO® , las bases de datos ERIC®, LILACS®, Web of Science®, MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Scopus®  y Google Académico®, con la que se recuperaron 21 documentos para el período entre 2014 y 2018. Resultados: El análisis permitió organizar los resultados en cuatro categorías: caracterización de estudios y autores; comprensión y naturaleza de la violencia; espacios en los que ocurre la violencia y los principales perpetradores; y las consecuencias generadas por la violencia y las acciones para enfrentar el fenómeno. Discusión: Los actos violentos afectan las condiciones de vida de los involucrados, impactan negativamente el desarrollo de habilidades relacionadas con la interacción interpersonal y generan debilidades en la formación de futuros enfermeros. Conclusiones: La violencia es un fenómeno constante en el contexto del pregrado en enfermería, para lo que es necesario promover el fortalecimiento de una cultura de paz en este entorno.
Como citar este artículo: Maffissoni, André Lucas; Sanes, Marina da Silva; Oliveira, Saionara Nunes; Martini, Jussara Gue; Lino, Monica Motta. Violência e suas implicações na formação em enfermagem: revisão da literatura. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1064
Condiciones laborales, salud y calidad de vida en conductores
Authors: Sepúlveda Guerra Elena Belén , Valenzuela Suazo Sandra Verónica , Rodríguez Campo Varinia Alejandra
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Conocer las condiciones laborales, salud y calidad de vida de los trabajadores que se dedican al rubro de la conducción. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó revisión integrativa en las bases de datos Medline/PUBMED, BVS, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, referente a artículos publicados desde el año 2010 a 2019, en relación a la temática de salud, condiciones laborales y calidad de vida de trabajadores que se desempeñan en el área de la conducción, siguiendo los lineamientos planteados según Ganong. Resultados: 29 estudios cumplieron con los criterios seleccionados, los cuales fueron realizados en población trabajadora del ámbito de locomoción colectiva como buses, taxis, motocicletas y en el área de transportes, como camiones. Discusión: La realidad que experimentan estos trabajadores crea consciencia y abre un espacio para implementar políticas de salud que busquen su bienestar, y a la vez es una puerta de entrada a crear conocimiento sobre la necesidad de estudiar a este grupo poblacional. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida y las condiciones laborales de estos conductores, en su mayoría es deficiente y esto los afecta de manera negativa en distintos ámbitos. Por otra parte, la salud de este grupo de trabajadores se ve perjudicada por las condiciones en el trabajo que muchos de ellos puedan tener, así mismo la mayoría carece de buenas prácticas de salud, teniendo hábitos poco saludables, que se relacionan directamente con la labor que realizan.
Como citar este artículo: Sepúlveda Guerra Elena Belén,  Valenzuela Suazo Sandra Verónica, Rodríguez Campo Varinia Alejandra. Condiciones laborales, salud y calidad de vida en conductores. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1083
Pathways of neuro-immune communication: past and present time, clinical application
Authors: Korneva E. A.
Published: May 2020

Fundamental studies in neuroimmunophysiology are the keystone for development of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of infectious, allergic, oncologic and autoimmune diseases. The achievements in this field allowed approving new treatment methods based on irritation of afferent and efferent fibers of autonomic nerves. That became possible due to numerous studies of pathways between the immune and nervous systems performed over last two decades. The milestones in the history of neuroimmune communication research are represented here. The immune system organs – bone marrow, thymus and spleen are coupled to central nervous system (CNS) via sympathetic nerves. Information about LPS and bacteria emergence in peritoneum, intestine and parenchymal organs reaches the brain via parasympathetic pathways. After vagotomy, the brain neurons do not respond to this kind of antigens. The pattern of brain responses to different applied antigens (the EEG changes and the quantity of c-Fos-positive neurons) is specific for definite antigen, like as algorithms of electroneurogram after exposure to different cytokines. Activation of parasympathetic nerves causes the inhibition of inflammation. The entry of any antigens into the body initiates production of cytokines (IL-1, TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ etc.), via specific receptors which are present on peripheral neurons and terminals of vagus nerve, i.e. the vagal afferent terminals and neurons respond to cytokine action, and these signals are transmitted to CNS neurons. The afferent vagal fibers end on the dorsal vagal complex neurons in the caudal part of medulla oblongata. The information about bacterial antigens, LPS and inflammation is transmitted to the brain via afferent autonomic neural pathways. The speed of this process is high and significantly depends on the rates of cytokine production that are transmitters of signals upon the antigen exposure. It is important to emphasize that this events occur within minutes, and the response to the received information proceeds by reflex mechanisms, i.e., within fraction of a second, as exemplified by inflammation (“inflammation reflex”). This is a fundamentally new and revolutionary discovery in the functional studies of immune system regulation. Clinical efficiency of n. vagus stimulation by pulsed ultrasound was shown, being used for the treatment of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, renal inflammatory diseases. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve reduces the death of animals in septic shock by 80%. The mentioned data have made a revolution in understanding the functional arrangement of immune system in the body. A hypothesis is represented, which suggests how the information on the antigen exposure is transmitted to the brain.
Influence of socio-economic, financial-budgetary and political-electoral aspects on the transparency of local governments
Authors: Baldissera Juliano Francisco , Dall’Asta Denis , Casagrande Luiz Fernande , Oliveira Abdinardo Moreira Barreto de
Published: May 2020

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos, financeiro-orçamentários e político-eleitorais na transparência ativa e passiva dos governos locais brasileiros. A partir de 3.550 municípios brasileiros, realizou-se a reamostragem de 100.000 amostras e, utilizando o método de regressão linear múltipla com dados de seção transversal, obteve-se melhor robustez e confiabilidade dos dados. Os resultados indicam que em municípios maiores existe maior propensão a divulgar informações de modo ativo para diminuir os custos de agência. Uma população com renda per capita elevada exige mais informações, pois busca saber onde seus impostos são aplicados, o que exige uma sociedade mais bem-educada. Os investimentos de capital são de interesse da sociedade, por isso se espera que o nível de transparência seja maior onde houver mais gastos desse tipo. A competição eleitoral exige do gestor público uma postura mais transparente diante de seus adversários e da população para confirmar suas promessas pré-eleitorais.
COVID-19 e os impactos na saúde mental: uma amostra do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Duarte Michael Quadros , Santo Manuela Almeida da Silva , Lima Carolina Palmeiro , Giordani Jaqueline Portella , Trentini Clarissa Marceli
Published: May 2020

As pandemias, como a de COVID-19, afetam uma quantidade relativamente grande de pessoas e impõem, pelo tempo que duram, novas regras e hábitos sociais para a população mundial. As informações sobre a pandemia são constantes na mídia. Além disso, o distanciamento social foi adotado também no Brasil como medida de prevenção da disseminação do novo coronavírus, o que pode ter consequências econômicas e psicossociais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o distanciamento social, impacto na renda familiar e exposição a informações com os indicadores de sintomas de transtornos mentais em residentes do estado do Rio Grande do Sul durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CONEP. Participaram 799 pessoas, com idades entre 18 e 75 anos (M = 36,56; DP = 12,88), 82,7% mulheres, que responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e sobre o distanciamento social, além do Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Os resultados indicaram que não ser trabalhador da saúde, ter renda diminuída no período, fazer parte do grupo de risco e estar mais exposto a informações sobre mortos e infectados, são fatores que podem provocar maior prejuízo na saúde mental nesse período pandemia. Discute-se esses fatores e sua associação ao distanciamento social.
Studies in Malagasy Eugenia (Myrtaceae) ‐ VI: A New Species with Large Leaves and Coarsely and Irregularly Verrucose Fruits
Authors: Snow Neil , Callmander Martin W. , Byng James
Published: May 2020

Abstract—A new species with verrucose fruits and relatively large leaves, Eugenia antilahimenae, is described from the northeast of Madagascar. It is known from the protected areas of Makira and Masoala in lowland rainforests west and north of the Baie
d'Antongil. We provide a detailed description of the species, illustration, a table comparing morphologically similar taxa, and preliminary assessment of the risk of extinction following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, which indicates a status of “Least Concern.”
Codicia e irresponsabilidad, ¿las otras causas de las crisis? - Greed and Irresponsibility, other causes from crisis?
Authors: Gonzales Pedro
Published: May 2020

El fracaso de las recetas económicas, poscrisis financieras, implementadas en diversos países del mundo para el rescate de la economía global, el desborde de codicia e irresponsabilidad que se sigue dando en los mercados financieros, el excesivo endeudamiento de los países más desarrollados, la existencia de una economía financiera sobredimensionada frente a la economía real, la inestabilidad persistente del sistema económico y financiero mundial frente a la insolvencia de algunos países, nos ofrecen la oportunidad de explorar nuevos enfoques para afrontar las crisis económicas y financieras. Este estudio aborda, desde una perspectiva no convencional, la existencia de otras causas que alientan este tipo de crisis económica. Se plantean ideas basadas en los principios de una economía solidaria que tiene antecedentes bíblicos y que alude a un mayor compromiso y responsabilidad social por parte de los individuos, corporaciones y países.
Protocol for obtaining rodent brain slices for electrophysiological recordings or neuroanatomical studies v2
Authors: Alejandra Cáceres-Chávez Verónica , Alejandra Parra-Reyes J. , A.Herrera-Valdez Marco , C Mckiernan Erin
Published: May 2020

Patch clamp recording performed in vitro using brain slice preparations is a standard technique used in cellular biophysics and neurophysiology to study the electrical activity of neurons. In particular, our research group is interested in obtaining patch clamp recordings from neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampal formation to investigate how the excitability of neurons change during development and aging. To carry out these experiments, we must first dissect out the brain and obtain slices, all while keeping the brain healthy so that the neurons survive and can later be recorded. Here we outline our procedures for anesthetizing, perfusing, dissecting out the brain, and finally obtaining slices. This protocol can also be used as a teaching tool to train students in the handling and dissection of rodents, and the preparation of brain tissue. The slices obtained can also be used for neuroanatomical studies or in training students to identify different brain structures. Our goals in sharing this protocol are to be transparent about our scientific methodology and to help other researchers performing similar experiments. Funding: This work was supported by DGAPA-UNAM-PAPIIT IA209817 and UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIME PE213219 awarded to Erin C. McKiernan. This work was also supported by DGAPA-UNAM-PAPIIT IA208618 and DGAPA-UNAM-PAPIME PE114919 awarded to Marco A. Herrera-Valdez.
Differential vulnerability to psychosocial job characteristics v1
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , J. Bowe Steven , Li Lin , San Too Lay , D. LaMontagne Anthony
Published: May 2020

Migrant workers are reported more likely to experience occupational health inequalities than native-born workers, which may be due to the differential exposure to occupational hazards, differential vulnerability to exposure-associated health impacts, or both. This study used a working population-representative Australian sample to compare if the associations between three well-established psychosocial job characteristics and mental health vary by migrant status. Based on a sample of closed to 9000 workers (19% migrants), we found no statistical evidence that the psychosocial job characteristics―mental health relationships varied by migrant status in Australia even though the dominant language of country of birth and years since arrival in Australia had been taken into account.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY OF TEACHERS AS THE MAINTENANCE OF ACADEMIC GOODWILL
Authors: Bobkova Antonіna , Melnychuk Оleh , Melnychuk Olha , Melnychuk Maksym , Pypiak Mykola
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the article is to reveal the direct influence of research and teaching staff professional competence on their academic integrity. The authors used theoretical and empirical research methods to validate the results. The use of the dialectic method made it possible to show a close link between teachers’ professional competence development and their adherence to academic integrity. By means of the comparative method we managed to reflect the scientists to the academic dishonesty in Ukraine and abroad. The researchempirical basis is the results of a survey of 250 teachers of higher education institutions in Vinnitsa region, including Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi, Vinnytsia Trade and Economic Institute of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics and Donetsk National University named after Vasyl Stus. In addition, the authors’ own experience of scientific and pedagogical work of the authors of this article was taken into account.The requirement of the legislator is to adhere by the scientific and pedagogical staff of academic virtue that can be realized through the development of motivational-value, cognitive-operational, reflexive-evaluation components of the teacher's professional competence. Scientific and pedagogical staff should systematically form professional knowledge, skills, personal traits that would ensure academic integrity.
DYNAMICS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION/ DE-MOTIVATION IN THE CONTEXT OF TEACHERS’ COMPETENCIES IN LEARNING MOTIVATION
Authors: Anužienė Birutė , Andriekienė Rūta Marija , Voropajeva Marina
Published: May 2020

This article presents findings of the study of students’ attitude toward the dynamics of learning motivation/de-motivation and teachers’ competencies in learning motivation. The study is based on the assumption that students’ motivation in higher education (college or university) is to be supported and enhanced throughout their studies, while positive dynamics of it is subject to the use of learning motivation competencies by teachers in their teaching activities. It is highly important to identify the interrelation between teachers’ competencies in learning motivation and students’ motivation/de-motivation factors so that to establish tools for refining the objects under study, to enable a purposeful action, to make a focused intervention in the ongoing teaching processes for improvement thereof and obtaining better learning outcomes for students. Analysis of students’ attitude might help to respond more comprehensively the following problematic questions: What are motivation/de-motivation factors for student learning? What do teachers’ competencies in learning motivation consist of? In what ways can a teacher support the positive dynamics of learning motivation in students? Thus, this article is aimed to analyse factors for the dynamics of students’ motivation/de-motivation, a content of teachers’ competencies in learning motivation, and their practice from the students’ point of view. The article consists of an introduction and two parts: the first part provides theoretical discourse, the second part is dedicated to an empirical analysis of students’ attitude toward the learning motivation/de-motivation factors, teachers’ competencies in learning motivation, a content thereof, and dynamics of learning motivation. The article ends with a discussion and conclusions, followed by references.
ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS IN TERMS OF TRANSVERSAL SKILLS
Authors: Zastavnaja Jolanta
Published: May 2020

In Europe in the second half of the 20th century, events such as radical economic and social change, globalisation and its expression in culture, politics, the economy and the environment, and progress in scientific and information technology had an impact on education. At school, today's students must be taught such knowledge and skills so that they can survive and be successful in the changing 21st century. Preparing students for life and work is in the spotlight in 21st-century education. The aim of the study is to explore and analyse the development of transversal skills in English language textbooks and to explore the possibilities in order to evaluate English language textbooks in terms of transversal skills. In this research, five English textbooks for 1st-3rd grade were analysed. Qualitative research, descriptive research and content analysis were used in this research. The author reveals that in the latest English textbooks, issued in 2017 and 2018, there are significantly more tasks, thus creating transversal skills for students. In turn, older English textbooks, issued in 2013, lack tasks based on a transversal skills approach. The result of this study shows which English textbooks of the five the author of this study recommends using at school in terms of their transversal skills. From this study, the author has created a recommended checklist for teachers in order to analyse foreign language textbooks in terms of communicative skills, collaborative skills, critical thinking and creativity skills.
STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE SECTIONS OF ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS ON THE STUDY OF HIGHER MATHEMATICS IN ENGINEERING UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Gerasimenko Petr , Khodakovskiy Valentin , Verteshev Sergey , Lyokhin Sergey , Khvattcev Alexander
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of the study of the impact of knowledge sections of elementary mathematics on the study of higher mathematics by students of Pskov State University. The analysis is based on the knowledge of the elementary mathematics sections tested on a unified state exam (USE). The most important sections of USE's monitoring materials have been identified for the study. The results of these assignments are given to school leavers who have enrolled in 2018 and 2019 at Pskov State University. The regression analysis method examined the impact of USE results on higher mathematics by students studying at the university's technical areas. The regression rate, which indicates the strength of the link between the results of higher and elementary mathematics, is about 40%. Recommendations are made for the organization of the educational process of studying higher mathematics, taking into account the low level of knowledge of school mathematics entering the first year of the university
(RE)CONSTRUCTION OF THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN FUTURE TEACHERS’ VISIONS OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Masiliauskienė Erika , Lenkauskaitė Jurgita
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of a scientific research obtained after the phenomenological content analysis of future teachers’ visions of their professional activity. In future teachers’ visions of their professional activity the representations of the (re)construction of the educational experience are clearly observed. The informants of the research reflecting on their experience of learning at school and the vision of their professional pedagogical activity reveal the content of pedagogical activity and its transformations. The article analyses how the person’s relationship to significant “others” constructs the knowledge about the teacher’s role. The “sub-world” of the educational experience, that is experienced and internalized by future teachers during the period of their learning at school and (re)constructed during their pedagogical studies is, in fact, an integral reality. Thus the (re)construction of the previously internalized educational experience is revealed as the new content of the educational experience arises. The results of the research permit to state that future teachers in the processes of the (re)construction of the educational experience do not demonstrate a strong identification with the internalized content of pedagogical activity/educational experience during their learning at school. The problem question of the research – what content of the educational experience at school do future teachers reflect on and how is the (re)constructed educational experience reflected on or recognized in the visions of professional activity.
TRANSFORMING EXCELLENCE INTO INCLUSIVE: CASES FROM UNIVERSITIES IN THE USA, UK, SINGAPORE AND RUSSIA
Authors: Volosnikova Lyudmila , Fedina Lyudmila
Published: May 2020

The article presents a semantic analysis of program documents of universities from different countries, who has leading positions in the QS-2018 ranking. The aim of this study is to provide a meaningful and semantic study of the development strategies of top universities in order to identify trends in the convergence of academic and inclusive excellence. The study conducted a content analysis of plans or strategies for the development of 4 universities: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, USA), University of Oxford (UO, UK), National University of Singapore (NUS, Singapore), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU, Russia). The content analysis criteria were refined indicators of diversity proposed in the model for Inclusive Excellence.The results showed that all program documents identify the basic values of inclusive excellence as the main ones: internationalization, activity, support, development, and others. Inclusive and academic excellence is formed in an environment where the main value and resource is the individual. Descriptors of criterions 1 and 2 are most common in the program documents of MIT and the UO. A comparative analysis of 4 documents showed that the strategy and models of inclusive and academic excellence reflect the unique track of development of the University and the country in which they are implemented.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA AT THE CROSSROAD - PROBLEMS AND MEASURES TO PREVENT THEM
Authors: Petrova Desislava , Lazov Lyubomir
Published: May 2020

This report identifies some of the problems of higher education in the Republic of Bulgaria related to the demographic crisis in the transition process and measures to overcome them. Emphasis is placed on the legislative framework, the rating system, the financing of higher education institutions and the science in them, the quality of training, the demand for staff from business and the supply of staff from universities, the admission of students and the offered forms of training. The analysis made by the authors is based on summarized data, which has been officially published, on the actual state of higher education in Bulgaria. Measures are proposed to overcome the problems, some of which are based on experience at the Technical University of Gabrovo.
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION: PARENTS’ REFLECTIONS
Authors: Žegunienė Vaida
Published: May 2020

The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the concept global citizenship education. Global citizenship education is defined as democratic and sustainable education that pursues to educate a global citizen who is able to perceive the processes of the modern society, to demonstrate a positive attitude and to adapt to the global environment.It is emphasised that global citizenship is a factor ensuring development of a global citizen and his/her functioning within the global context. The analysis of the European and Lithuanian documents revealed that global citizenship education has to be initiated at the pre-primary school because children aged 5- to 7-years are capable to form/construct new global skills. Thus, to have global citizenship education integrated into the pre-primary school education is a must, but still gaps and obstacles exist.The objectives of the research are to investigate how the parents of pre-primary school aged children perceive the concept global citizenship. Data for this research were collected using the qualitative method - an interview. A major advantage of an interview is that this method allows to investigate parents' individual perception of global citizenship education.The most interesting aspect of the data gathered is that parents do not demonstrate complete understanding of global citizenship education and majority of them are not completely familiar with this phenomenon. They relate global citizenship education to travelling and living abroad, to knowledge of other countries/cultures and specific social issues such as pollution, discrimination, poverty.  Taking into consideration the complexity of this process the parents’ perception is insufficient. Therefore, further study has to be initiated regarding teachers’ attitude to initiation and implementation of global citizenship education into the curriculum of the pre-primary school.
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATION CULTURE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE PROCESS OF GROUP WORK AT THE LESSONS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Lapshyna Iryna , Lyubchak Lyudmila , Franchuk Nataliia
Published: May 2020

The authors of the article comment on the difficulties of the formation of communication culture among primary school pupils from the first days of training; explain the need for such educational work by the systematic use of new educational technologies at the lessons and in extracurricular activities of primary school pupils. It is represented the psychological and pedagogical prerequisites for the formation of communication culture from the point of view of cultural and communicative approaches to the organization of the educational environment. By means of the survey of primary school pupils and their teachers, the problematic moments of the organization of group work at the lessons are revealed. The researchers present the system of educational, cognitive and communicative situations for the formation of communication culture skills in the process of group work of pupils and comment on its productivity.
COMPARISON OF CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING IN THE PRIMARY LEVEL IN SPAIN AND SLOVAKIA
Authors: Pavelova Barbora
Published: May 2020

As many authors agree, positive associations of Content Language Academic Learning have attracted numerous researchers, administrators, teacher educators and teachers, particularly those in the field of English as a foreign language. One of the main goals of the presented article is to offer a comparative analysis of CLIL approach at primary level in Spain and in Slovakia. The need for elaborating this issue is related to the diversity of language and the fact that CLIL has become prolific phenomenon in recent years, especially in pedagogical communication. The paper responds to different claims of the proponents of CLIL emphasizing its numerous benefits. Apart from that, the following paper provides a critical empirical examination of the positive CLIL outcomes in order to identify better its strengths in EFL. Due to distance, a sample of five Spanish teachers and five Slovak teachers at the primary level has been chosen randomly to respond to the online interview elaborating the use of CLIL in the classroom. In order to gain the results of the qualitative nature, the online interview included open-ended questions. Benefits of CLIL could be reflected in the enhanced motivation inside and outside the classroom, the need of students and teachers for critical thinking, requirement for a better concentration and in many other areas. The article presents current findings and brings the possibilities for implementing CLIL into more classrooms and enhancing pedagogical communication in foreign language classrooms.
POSSIBILITIES OF BLENDED LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN THE ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Alekseeva Tatiana , Sergeeva Larisa , Panova Nataliya
Published: May 2020

The article substantiates the relevance of using the technology of blended learning as one of the means of personalizing the education of primary school students. In modern conditions for the teacher, the formation of the ability to learn independently on the part of primary school children is becoming a leading priority. This problem is especially relevant in conditions of small schools in classes with low occupancy, in which 2-3 study groups are engaged in the same classroom with one teacher. In this regard, it becomes important to solve the problem of organizing the educational space in such a way that the younger student takes a subjective position in the learning process, actively acts in the development of educational material, is able to carry out planning and self-control, and interact in a small group. The “Change of working areas” model contributes to the solution of this problem. The use of this model in classes with low occupancy allows the teacher to realize differentiation, to work individually with the student at each moment of time, use interactive forms of work in the lesson, and organize regular group work. The aim of the study is to determine and experimentally prove the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions of use in the primary low-grade school model "Change of working areas". The tools and methods that ensure the use of this model in the education of primary school children are described. The formative experiment on the implementation of the “Change of working areas” model has shown positive results: learning using the model has a positive effect on the development of meta-subject and personal learning actions.