bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Dammar Resin as an Alternative Fuel
Authors: Jamal Jamal , Aisyah B. Siti
Published: May 2022

Efforts to obtain alternative and renewable energy continue to be carried out sustainably. Various natural materials continue to be studied for their feasibility in using alternative and renewable fuels. One of the natural materials that have the potential as a source of renewable energy is dammar resin (Shorea Javanica k. et v.). Therefore, it is necessary to analyze dammar resin's physical and chemical properties to determine its potential as an alternative fuel. This study evaluates dammar resin's physical and chemical properties as a renewable energy source. In this research, the physical and chemical properties of dammar resin were investigated related to its function as an alternative fuel compared to other alternative fuels. This study also aims to determine the advantages and disadvantages of dammar resin's physical and chemical properties as an alternative fuel. The American Society for Testing and Materials standard (ASTM), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the American Oil Chemists Society standard (AOCS) methods have been adopted to analyze the physical and chemical properties of dammar resins. This study's physical and chemical properties were cloud point, pour point, flash point, density, energy content, ash content, sulfur content, iodine value, saponification value, and cetane number. The result indicates that based on the physical and chemical property analysis, dammar resin has potency as a renewable energy source and can be developed as an alternative fuel. Dammar resin has a low flash point, sulfur content, and iodine value but a high saponification value and cetane number; these values have met European requirements. Moreover, the energy content of dammar resin is lower, and the ash content is higher than other biodiesel materials. However, dammar resin still requires advanced processes to be converted as alternative energy because it still has a high density, cloud, and pour point.
Environmental Carrying Capacity for Spatial Planning of Lemo Sub-Watershed, North Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Rizalie Akhmad , Yunita Rizmi , Kadir Syarifuddin , Saidy Akhmad R.
Published: May 2022

Environmental carrying capacity is frequently used to describe environmental resilience against natural resource utilization. The Lemo Sub-watershed (DAS) in North Barito Regency, Indonesia, is highly vulnerable to pressure from businesses and activities using the natural resources in coal mining, forestry, and plantations. The objective of this study was to quantify the environmental carrying capacity of the Lemo sub-watershed based on the land and water capacity. The status of environmental carrying capacity obtained in this study would then be employed to develop regional spatial planning policies to protect and manage the environment in the watershed. The land capability was determined using a spatial method based on geographic information systems. The land carrying capacity was measured using total local commodity production data and decent living needs. Furthermore, water availability was obtained using the coefficient of land use runoff and annual rainfall data. In contrast, the water demand was calculated from the conversion results to the needs for a decent living. The spatial analysis results showed that the Lemo sub-watershed with 54,810 ha has 8 land capability classes. The suitability evaluation showed a mismatch between land use and land capability, where 6.68% of the Lemo sub-watershed area was not suitable for the spatial pattern plan of the regency (SPPR), 45.65% was not in line with the SPPR outline policy. The land carrying capacity status showed a deficit, where the land requirement was 43,484 ha compared to land availability based on the total agricultural commodity production with an area of 6,765 ha. However, the status of the Lemo sub-watershed carrying capacity becomes a surplus when the land availability refers to the North Barito Regency SPPRSP Map with a 53,005 ha for cultivation areas. Results of the study imply it is still possible to utilize natural resources in the Lemo sub-watershed further.
TalkED: A Video Conferencing Tool for Online Learning in Response to Education Technology Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abaya Sheila A , Besana Allyssa Thea J , Ceballos Christian Jude G , Cruz Christelle Alaine P , Jubilo Raya J , Piamonte Carla Angela V
Published: May 2022

Video conferencing enables people to conduct live communication regardless of their location. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, video conferencing tools became the new way of communicating in workplaces and became part of online distance learning in the academic community. Since the researchers were entities in the academe who were mainly affected by the pandemic, it opened the opportunity for the development of a video conference tool that their institution could use without recurring much acquisition or operational cost. The tool provides real-time interaction between users in an unlimited time of discussion. The tool provides chat-box, screen-sharing and whiteboard features. Unlike the usual conferencing tools, the proposed tool is innovated with new features of sharing files, poll creation when asking questions and a word cloud. The tool was evaluated by several students and professors of the University of the East, Caloocan through the criteria of: interactivity, usability and interface consistency.
Perancangan Aplikasi Pemesanan Makanan Berbasis Web di Kantin PT. Pegadaian Kanwil I Medan
Authors: Afiksih Mufliha
Published: May 2022

Kantin pada kantor Pegadaian kanwil 1 medan terletak dibelakang gedung utama tepatnya dilantai 2. Kantin ini merupakan satu-satunya kantin yang ada di kantor dan tempat dimana staf dan pegawai untuk makan dan minum saat jam istirahat. Hingga saat ini pemesanan pada kantin PT.Pegadaian kanwil 1 medan belum terkomputerisasi. Hal ini menyebabkan proses pemesanan menjadi lambat. Hal tersebut tidaklah efisien dengan waktu istirahat yang diberikan. Dimana waktu istirahat yang diberikan hanya 1 jam. Dalam hal ini dibutuhkan aplikasi yang memudahkan pembeli dalam memesan makanan. Aplikasi pemesanan makanan kantin berbasis website merupakan sebuah aplikasi yang didesain untuk memudahkan para pembeli dan penjual dan dalam melakukan pemesanan makanan serta minuman. Pada pembuatan aplikasi penulis  menggunakan metode waterfall, menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan menggunakan database MySQL. Aplikasi dirancang dengan tampilan yang mudah dipahami, sehinga pengguna dapat dengan mudah menggunakan aplikasi tersebut. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini, pelanggan dapat melakukan proses pemesanan makanan tanpa harus antri dan lebih mudah untuk melihat menu makanan, detail makanan dan harga makanan.
The Effect of Production Costs and Long-Term Debt on Profitability in The Consumer Goods Industry Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Kalsum Umi , Nurwani
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence and analyze of production costs and long-term debt on profitability was 48 hotel, restaurant, and tourism companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2015-2019 and samples of 10 companies by using purposive sampling technique. The data were processed by using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the research showed that first, production cost had influence positive and significant on profitability. Secondly showed that long-term debt had influence negative and significant on profitability. Thirdly showed that production costs and long-term debt influence significant on profitability simultaneously.
Pengaruh Cash Holding, Nilai Perusahaan Dan Leverage Terhadap Income Smoothing Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Plastik Dan Kemasan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Bei) Tahun 2014-2018
Authors: Suwandi Muhammadharris , Lubis Fauzi Arif , Nurwani
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of cash holding, firm value, and leverage on income smoothing partially and simultaneously. The population of this research was 15 hotel, restaurant, and tourism companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2014-2018 and samples of 6 companies by using purposive sampling technique. The data were processed by using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the research showed that first, working capital had influence positive and significant on profitability. Secondly showed that liquidity had influence positive and significant on profitability. Thirdly showed that working capital and liquidity influence significant on profitability simultaneously.
Hadits Dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan
Authors: Nurul Izzah  , Asmuni  , Tuti Anggraini
Published: May 2022

Islam sering mendapat citra negatif terkait dengan kemiskinan. Islam pada hakikatnya tidak menyukai umatnya berada dalam keadaan miskin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memaparkan kemiskinan dan cara mengentaskan kemiskinan dalam pandangan hadits-hadits Rasulullah SAW. Metode penelitian ini yaitu studi kepustakaan dengan menggunakan sumber data yang diperoleh dari berbagai literatur-literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan adalah sesuatu yang berbahaya terhadap kehidupan manusia. Al-Qur’an dan Hadits hanya menyatakan bahwa Allah SWT tidak menyukai manusia dalam keadaan miskin sehingga diperintahkan untuk bersungguh-sungguh dalam bekerja untuk memperoleh manfaat baik di dunia dan akhirat. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan adalah: (1) dengan semangat kerja keras; (2) perilaku hidup hemat atau tidak boros; (3) dengan pemberdayaan keuangan sosial Islam.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF BAHUPITTA KAMALA W.S.R. HEPATOCELLULAR JAUNDICEA CASE REPORT
Authors: SA Redasani , VS Chandurkar
Published: May 2022

In this era of industrialization and life-threatening competition brings drastically changes in our life style. Most often patient just comes with complaints of "feeling sick and tired". Later it gets diagnosed as kamala (Jaundice). The incidence of such disease is increasing day by day due to change in life style and Eating habits. Jaundice is a condition in which yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera, mucous membranes, excretions occur due to hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments. In Ayurveda jaundice is described as Kamlaroga. Kamala has been described in detail along with its aetiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, complications and management also. The description of Hepatocellular jaundice is similar to Ayurvedic description of Kamala vyadhi. This is a case report of 52-year-old female having Bahupittakamala (jaundice), who was treated with some Ayurvedic herbs and Virechana like panchakarma. She got effective results with Ayurvedic Management.
A gene therapy model to treat liver-implanted tumors.
Authors: Shimer Christian , Hopkins Peter , Wang Qing , Wang Zhijun , Klinke David J
Published: May 2022

An expression vector based on the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV), an alpha virus replicating in the cytoplasm of infected cells originally discovered in the Semliki Forest in Uganda, was developed to express interleukin 12 (IL-12) and SVF-IL-12 were shown to induce potent antitumor response against liver implanted colon tumor cells in immunocompetent mice in a recent study by Jose I. Quetglas and co-investigators [J. I. Quetglas, et. al, J. of Immunology 2013]. The researchers reported that the tumor-specific CD 8+ T cells in responder mice persisted at greater numbers and for a long period of time while maintaining enhanced effector functions in contrast to those of non-responder animals. The long-lasting persistence and activity of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells from responder mice might be mediated by the production of IFN-alpha by cells infected by SFV as the replication of this virus can induce type I IFN response. We proposed a mathematical model based on a set of ordinary differential equations with an attempt to describe the SFV-IL-12 antitumor efficacy. The project was supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence and the West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission Division of Science and Research SURE Grant Program.
The role of FTL_0129 in the invasion of erythrocytes by Francisella tularensis.
Authors: Sindeldecker Devin , Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

Francisella tularensis is a bacterium that can infect humans with fewer than ten bacteria and is the causative agent of tularemia. If untreated, tularemia causes mortality in approximately 60% of those infected. Due to the ability of this bacterium to be aerosolized and the high mortality rate, F. tularensis has the potential to be used as a bioterrorism agent. During infection, F. tularensis invades erythrocytes, a phenomenon that enhances subsequent colonization of ticks following acquisition of a blood meal. Gaining more information regarding the pathogenesis and transmission of this organism will help us to develop new vaccines and therapeutics. We hypothesized that transcription of F. tularensis genes important for erythrocyte invasion would be induced in the presence of erythrocytes. An RNAseq analysis indicated that ~7% of F. tularensis genes were upregulated when exposed to erythrocytes. Of these, FTL_0129 was the most highly induced non-essential gene. Therefore, we generated anFTL_0129 null mutant. This mutant is currently being tested for its ability to invade human erythrocytes.
Synthesis of a rhodium complex bearing a chiral nitrogen-based ligand for asymmetric hydrogenation.
Authors: Wagoner Kesley , Webb Joanna
Published: May 2022

Asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral molecules by chiral metal complexes has emerged as a useful synthetic tool for the preparation of single enantiomer molecules and has diverse application in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals. To date, most catalytic systems for asymmetric hydrogenation are supported by phosphine ligands. Thus, chiral nitrogen-based ligands provide an opportunity to investigate a relatively underexplored area of hydrogenation chemistry. To this end, we are investigating rhodium complexes supported by chiral nitrogen-based ligands. The synthesis of a previously reported chiral nitrogen ligand (R,R)-2,6-bis[1-(N-piperidinyl)ethyl]pyridine has been achieved through a modified synthetic procedure and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Attempts to synthesize our target rhodium complex in order to investigate asymmetric hydrogenation reactivity are currently underway.
Use of an eel pass by virile crayfish on the lower Shenandoah River.
Authors: Welsh Stuart , Loughman Zachary
Published: May 2022

Fish passage facilities for reservoir dams have been used to restore habitat connectivity within riverine networks by allowing upstream passage for native species. These facilities may also support the spread of invasive species, an unintended consequence and potential downside of upstream passage structures. We documented dam passage of the invasive virile crayfish (Orconectes virilis) at fish ladders designed for upstream passage of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) in the Shenandoah River drainage. Ladder use and upstream passage of 11 virile crayfish occurred from 2007–2014 during periods of low river discharge (<30 m3s–1) and within a wide range of water temperatures from 9.0–28.6 °C. Virile crayfish that used the eel ladders were large adults with a mean carapace length and width of 48.0 mm and 24.1 mm, respectively. Our data demonstrated the use of a species-specific fish ladder by a non-target species, which has conservation and management implications for the spread of aquatic invasive species and upstream passage facilities.
Investigating the frequency of Wolbachia infection in West Virginia arthropods.
Authors: Wentzel Maren W , Sawyer Sara
Published: May 2022

Wolbachia is an intracellular bacterial symbiont that infects the reproductive tissue of Arthropods, particularly insects. Wolbachia is transmitted primarily through the ova cytoplasm, and alters reproduction of their host. Wolbachia have been linked with male killing, feminization of genetic males, parthenogenesis, and most often with cytoplasmic incompatibility. Due to these effects on reproductive success, Wolbachia is a suspected driver of evolution and speciation in arthropods. Investigations of the frequency of infection in insects around the world suggest that an equilibrium has been reached with infection rates ranging from 20% to 65%. We are investigating the infection rate with Wolbachia in arthropods in central West Virginia to determine the frequency of infection in this area. Insects were collected in the summer and fall of 2015 from wooded and meadow areas of the Campus of Glenville State College, as well as in Lewis County in the area surrounding Stonewall Jackson Lake, and fixed in 95% ethanol. To date, 193 of the 284+ collected insects, have been identified to species. DNA is being extracted from the identified species, and infection determined by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Wolbachia specific primers. To date, 36 of 73 insects tested have been demonstrated to have Wolbachia infection. To get a clear understanding of the percent of infection in this area, more insects must be collected and sampled. Determining the infection frequency by Wolbachia is an important first step in understanding the impact of these bacteria on insect evolution and speciation in West Virginia.
Undergraduate student perceptions of environmental issues.
Authors: Clower Lauren B , Bjorgo-Thorne Kim
Published: May 2022

Students enrolled in ecology or environmental science courses for non-majors often have misconceptions related to anthropogenic forcing of climate change and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine the sources of these misconceptions and to evaluate students’ confidence in their understanding of environmental issues. The data for the study came from 23 student interviews. When asked what the word “environment” meant to them, 81% of students responded that it represented the physical environment. Students were asked where they obtained their information about the environment, and 18% responded from their teachers or classes; 18% responded social media, and 18% responded family and friends. The remainder of responses were scattered among several categories. When asked specifically about climate change, 88% stated change was occurring and that it was related to human causes. The average confidence was 69% (mode = 75%). When asked about ecological sustainability, 100% of respondents understood the term with self-reported confidence in their answers averaging 74% (mode = 80%). When compared to surveys completed by the same cohort, we found that 75% of responses matched the interview questions. In conclusion, we found that students’ perceptions of environment originate from a variety of sources, and that friends and family have a greater influence than television and social media.Research conducted under WVWC IRB Approval # WVWC 2016-001.
Processing of cellular proteins by activated matriptases and metalloproteinases in apoptotic glioblastoma cells.
Authors: Mayle Jillian , Magro Alice , Magro Albert
Published: May 2022

Apoptosis is a major mechanism of cell death that occurs in the chemotherapeutic and the radiological treatment of malignant tumors. Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that does not readily metastasize, but is very invasive and highly malignant. Chemotherapeutic regimens for glioblastomas and other high grade gliomas have fallen short of providing effective treatment. Clinical studies comparing chemotherapeutic agents have indicated increased tumor shrinkage and a very slight increase in median survival times, but no evidence for an increase in survival rates. Apoptotic cells have characteristics that are different from non-apoptotic cells. Our in vitro studies demonstrate that LN18 glioblastoma cells have a significant increase in the cell surface metalloproteinase (ADAMs 10 and 12) and serine-protease (matriptase) activities as the cells proceed through apoptosis. Flow cytometry and ELISA data show that class I histocompatibility antigens (HLA-ABC), along with the activated complement component C3b are degraded as the glioblastoma cells proceed through apoptosis. Histocompatibility and complement components are important constituents in adaptive and innate immune defense systems. The ability of apoptotic glioblastoma cells to degrade these constituents could be relevant to the propensity of glioblastomas to escape immune surveillance. Conversion of zymogenic MMPs and matriptases could also be relevant to their ability to transform pro-TGFβs and other immuno-suppressive molecules into their active forms. Although apoptosis is the prominent pathway of cell death in the treatment of tumors, there is the possibility that cells in varying stages of apoptosis could promote heretofore unrecognized immunosuppressive consequences.
The identification of novel natural immunostimulatory compounds that limit bacterial infection.
Authors: Collins Elliot , Schmitt Deanna , Sikorsky Kristen , Sako Anthony , Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious bacterium that causes the disease, tularemia. Tularemia can be transmitted to humans in many ways including: inhalation, biting insects, contact with infected animal tissue, and contaminated food and water. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classified F. tularensis as a category A bioterror agent due to its virulence and ease of aerosolization. The intentional release of a resistant strain of F. tularensis could be devastating. Consequently, there is a need for novel treatments effective against F. tularensis infections. We previously tested a cataloged natural compound library with THP-1 cells (a monocyte line) infected with an engineered, fluorescent F. tularensis (LVS/pTC3D) to look for inhibition of bacterial growth. The focus of current investigations is to determine whether the compounds that exhibited inhibition were acting as traditional antibiotics or as immunostimulants. Disk diffusion assays indicated which compounds inhibited growth of F. tularensis in the absence of immune cells meaning these extracts exhibited were acting as antibiotics. Compounds that did not show inhibition on the diffusion assays are being tested again in the THP-1 infection model to verify their immunostimulatory action. These compounds could potentially be used as novel antimicrobial treatments.
Second harmonic generation microscopy imaging of cellulose transportation during the encystment process of Acanthamoeba castellanii.
Authors: Barry John , Trzyna Wendy
Published: May 2022

Acanthamoeba are single-celled protists able to survive in many different environments, but are most commonly found in soil and freshwater sources. Due to their free-living nature, Acanthamoeba often face a variety of precarious, environmentally stressful conditions, which for many microbes means death. Acanthamoeba are able to cope with extreme conditions by means of a biphasic life-cycle resulting in a round, resistant double-walled dormant cyst state when conditions are adverse, and a dividing, metabolically active free-living trophozoite state when conditions are favorable. The purpose of this study is to observe the transformation from a trophozoite to a mature cyst stage, specifically analyzing the change in morphology associated with the process of encystation. In order to directly observe the production of cellulose, the main component of the interior cell wall that gives an Acanthamoeba cyst its durability, cells were subjected to a non-nutrient medium with added salt concentrations, which has been shown in preliminary trials to be an encystation-inducing stressor. During the process of encystment, trophozoites were imaged frequently using second harmonic generation microscopy to identify cellulose forming in the cell walls of the cysts. Through this method, possible locations of intracellular cellulose while it is being transported to the cell wall can be observed, as well as the dynamic morphology of the cell caused by the build-up of cellulose, resulting in round, mature cysts. Calcofluor white, a cellulose-specific stain commonly used for identifying cell walls in plants and algae, was also implemented to achieve the same goals.
In vitro nephrotoxicity induced by 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichloronitrobenzenes.
Authors: Pope Deborah , Tyree Connor , Racine Christopher , Anestis Dianne K , Rankin Gary O
Published: May 2022

Chloronitrobenzenes are key chemical intermediates used in the manufacture of dyes, agricultural agents and industrial compounds. Although some data exists on the toxicity of mono- and dichloronitrobenzenes, there is a paucity of data on the toxicity profile of trichloronitrobenzenes (TCNBs). One of the target organs for mono- and dichloronitrobenzenes is the kidney. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro nephrotoxic potential of two TCNBs, 2,4,5-trichloronitrobenzene (2,4,5-TCNB) and 2,4,6- trichloronitrobenzene (2,4,6-TCNB), using freshly isolated rat renal cortical cells (IRCC), and to study potential mechanisms of bioactivation and toxicity. Briefly, IRCC were obtained from male Fischer 344 rats using a collagenase perfusion technique and incubated (~4 million cells/ml, 3 ml) with a TCNB (0.5 or 1.0 mM) or vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) for up to 90 min. In some experiments, cells were pretreated with an antioxidant (ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine) or metabolizing enzyme inhibitor prior to a TCNB or vehicle treatment. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release. 2,4,6-TCNB induced cytotoxicity as early as 60 min and at 0.5 mM, while 2,4,5-TCNB did not induce cytotoxicity until 90 min at 1.0 mM. Antioxidant pretreatments were effective in reducing the toxicity induced by both TCNBS but were more effective against 2,4,5-TCNB. Cyclooxygenase inhibition reduced 2,4,6-TCNB, but not 2,4,5-TCNB, cytotoxicity, while inhibition of cytochrome P450, flavin monooxygenase and peroxidase activity were not protective. These results suggest 2,4,6-TCNB is more nephrotoxic than 2,4,5-TCNB and that free radicals contribute to TCNB nephrotoxicity in vitro.Supported in part by NIH grant P20GM103434.
Cosmic Breakthrough: the first direct detection of gravitational waves and its significance
Authors: Hamilton Maria Babiuc
Published: May 2022

We have gazed at the night sky since the dawn of time, marveling at the beauty of the cosmos and trying to understand its inner workings. Now we can “hear” it: tiny ripples in the very fabric  of space time, that tell stories of great cosmic cataclysms. The first gravitational waves were detected on September 14, 2015 and was revealed to the public on February 11, 2016. Their prediction though was made 100 years ago, by Albert Einstein, as part of his famous general theory of relativity. What are gravitational waves? Why did it take so long to find them? Where do they come from? How does their discovery change our understanding of the cosmos?  Those, are the questions I will answer. Finally, I will talk about my own contributions to this field.
Crayfish diversity and distribution of tomlinson run state park, hancock county, West Virginia.
Authors: Loughman Zachary J , Sadecky Nicole , Foltz David , Cyprych Cynthia , Damis Clarissa
Published: May 2022

In 2015, a survey of epigean crayfish of Tomlinson Run State Park was conducted. The park is located in Hancock County in West Virginia’s northern panhandle. A preliminary habitat survey was conducted to map all reaches of intermittent and perennial streams as well as other crayfish habitats. Following the survey for habitat, 30 stations, each 100m long, were randomly selected using ArcGIS for both intermittent and perennial streams. Sites were sampled by performing ten seine hauls in best available habitat throughout the reach and scored using an Ohio EPA QHEI form to obtain qualitative habitat data. In order to minimize impacts within the park, all crayfish were identified to species upon capture and released following sampling at each station. In total, 471 crayfish were collected during the survey out of which four species were identified: Cambarus carinirostris, Cambarus monogalensis, Cambarus robustus, and Orconectes obscurus. No statistically significant relations between QHEI score vs. CPUE (catch per unit effort) were shown, but O. obscurus demonstrated a slightly positive correlation with increased score while C. carinirostris demonstrated a slightly negative correlation to increased score. Cambarus monogalensis was collected from three large forested seeps. Only C. carinirostris were collected from intermittent stations with overall CPUE of 0.12 crayfish per haul. CPUE scores for perennial stations indicated 1.43 crayfish per haul, but when split by species, C. carinirostris had lower CPUE (0.39) compared to O. obscurus (0.95). C. robustus had the lowest CPUE (0.09) and was the rarest species encountered in Tomlinson Run State Park.
Sensory trichites associated with the food canal of Chrysops callidus (Diptera: Tabanidae).
Authors: Duffield Nick , Joy James
Published: May 2022

Twelve pairs of putative sensory trichites (= sensilla) in the food canal of Chrysops callidus Osten Sacken are described. Eight paired trichites are located in the distal half of the food canal of all flies in the sample population (n = 26 females), but paired trichites 9 through 12 were found in variable numbers in the proximal half of the canal. Trichites were more closely spaced in the distal half of the food canal, and more widely spaced in the proximal half of the canal indicating that monitoring blood flow is more critical in the distal region of the canal. Moreover, trichites were not precisely paired; with mean position for each right wall trichite 1 through 8 being slightly anterior to its counterpart in the left wall. A short, funnel- shaped vestibule was evident at the labrum terminus, opening distally to the outside and proximally into the food canal (the vestibule/food canal junction). There were two pairs of sensilla (one pair of basicone design the other setiform) observed at the base of the vestibule just anterior to the junction of the vestibule with the food canal. These vestibular sensilla were constant in type, number, and position, in every member of the sample population.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of West Nile Virus.
Authors: Poffenberger Jessica , Stadnitchii Vasile , Muradova Zulfiya , Hopkins Peter , Wang Qing , Wang Zhijun , Klinke David
Published: May 2022

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a widespread disease mainly transmitted by mosquitoes. While humans are considered dead-end hosts once infected, birds have been documented to produce high enough levels of the virus to spread WNV to mosquitoes. Thus, bird populations produce a significant impact upon the growth of the disease. Approximately 80% of cases in humans show no noticeable symptoms, and the infected recover on their own. Another 20% develop mild symptoms similar to a flu. A serious neurological illness occurs in less than 1% of the infected population. Currently, there is no cure or preventative shot for this disease. Preventative measures, including killing off mosquitoes and minimizing personal exposure to mosquitoes, are the most effective ways to combat WNV. The project proposes a revised ODE model based on the model developed by Bowman et al. (2005) to describe the spread of this virus and the impact of mosquito and bird populations on its outbreaks. Through numerical simulations, the impact of some control methods such as reducing the number of mosquitoes and/or possible human-mosquito contact rate on the WNV transmission outbreaks is discussed. The parameters in this model will be calibrated using genetic algorithms. This project was supported by the NIGMS of the NIH grant as part of the West Virginia INBRE (P20GM103434).
Behind the scenes with the solar army: improvements in sample testing technology.
Authors: Riley Jayce , Moore Allison , Dudley Kevin , Harvey Erica
Published: May 2022

The Solar Army is looking for affordable metal oxide combinations that will help sunlight quickly and efficiently split water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Hydrogen gas can then be used as a clean-burning chemical fuel. Students researchers across the nation are using SHArK (Solar Hydrogen Activity research Kit, University of Wyoming) and SEAL (Solar Energy Activity Lab, California Institute of Technology) to test metal oxides for photocurrent, and HARPOON (Heterogeneous Anodes Rapidly Perused for Oxygen Overpotential Neutralization, University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh) to test for oxygen evolution. A major focus of our work has been assessing and helping to improve the functionality of the equipment and simplify the testing processes. Our feedback on SHArK 2.0 contributed to significant improvements in SHArK 3.0, which we are now beta-testing. We also will report on some observed differences between copper and graphite conductive tapes for attaching leads to our samples. In addition to testing pre-existing technology, our lab has custom-designed and produced convenient new 3D printed sample holders that permit vertical orientation of samples for both SHArK and SEAL, as well as two new sample holder designs for the HARPOON research kit. The designs are available for use at any outreach site equipped with a 3D printer.
Intra-erythrocytic Francisella tularensis are protected from acidic pH-implications on enhancing colonization of ticks.
Authors: Rogerson Taylor , Horzempa Joseph , Schmitt Deanna , Haught Ashley , Gilson Tricia
Published: May 2022

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious bacterium that causes the disease, tularemia. Humans acquire tularemia through inhalation, oropharyngeal exposure, or tick bites. A unique feature of F. tularensis during infection is its ability to invade erythrocytes. Evidence has indicated that residing within an erythrocyte enhances the ability of F. tularensis to colonize ticks. Previous evidence indicated that F. tularensis bacteria that had been incubated with erythrocytes showed increased survival in an acidic environment (pH = 3.6), a condition consistent with that found in the gut cells of a tick. We wanted to further examine whether residing within an erythrocyte enhanced the ability of F. tularensis to survive in this acidic environment. To do so, experiments are currently being conducted in which F. tularensis LVS and a mutant strain (ΔmglA) incapable of invading erythrocytes are incubated with red blood cells. These cells are subsequently subjected to a low pH environment. Results of these investigations are pending the ongoing investigations.
Alarm assessment using EEG markers of alertness.
Authors: Rouse Meagan , Byrum Samantha , Nolan Joe , Omelchenko Natalia , Bradley Stephanie
Published: May 2022

Recent studies indicate that more than 40% of individuals ignore alert sounds, making the improvement of the specificity of alarm systems a vital task. Here, we decided to evaluate if EEG markers may better dissect the alert effectiveness and advance alert design. Eleven university students (7 males, 4 females), with ages ranging between 18-25 years, participated as volunteer subjects. The subjects remained seated during the session with their eyes closed, while listening to the alarm sound through noise canceling headphones for 60 seconds. The alarm sound contained random bursts of sound beats (2-5 beats every 20-30 seconds). The EEG was recorded by using a LabScribe3 software package and an iWorx EEG System with five reusable gold cap electrodes, placed on the subject’s forehead, over the right and left temporal lobes, and upon the parietal-occipital areas. Eight EEG markers (alpha and beta waves’ amplitudes and frequencies for each hemisphere) were obtained during 10 second recordings made before and during beat bursts and compared using a paired samples T-test. A significant effect of the sound effects onto the amplitude of alpha waves recorded in the right hemisphere was detected (t(18)=2.1, p =0.01). The analysis of the rest of the EEG markers did not demonstrate any significant differences. In conclusion, the study clearly indicates that EEG markers can be used for the assessment of alert efficacy. This simple, cost effective method proposed here may greatly improve the quality of alarms and the safety of various industrial and medical settings.
Using Social Networking APIs to Collect Real-time Data for Analytics
Authors: Liao Weidong , Chhoeut Robert
Published: May 2022

Social Media platforms have been widespread since the advent of web 2.0, ever since, users have been contributing content in the form of various media such as text messages, pictures, video, blog posts and other formats. The scale of data amassed from these contributions offer opportunities for data mining and analytics which in turn may offer meaningful interpretations.   Currently various tools exist for fetching and analyzing social media data. The purpose of this project is to uncover methods for fetching real-time data among various social networking platforms for analytical use. APIs (Application programming interfaces) exist for simplifying an implementation of an application’s functionality.   Using APIs such as Twitter4j, Restfb, and Google+ API, a Java test application was written to utilize API search features in to retrieve various queries of data. The result was a test application which retrieved and outputted data into a file. However the drawbacks were API authentication requirements, data fetching rate limit restrictions, and deprecated/removed features. In general APIs offer a solution in fetching data and building applications, but may include restrictions for the public’s access depending on Social Media platform.
TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ’NİN BÖLGESEL GÜVENLİK KAYGILARI BAĞLAMINDA ULUSLARARASI ÖRGÜTLERLE İŞ BİRLİĞİ
Authors: KOCATEPE Ömer Faruk
Published: May 2022

Sovyetler Birliği’nin parçalanması sonucu bağımsızlıklarına kavuşan Türk Cumhuriyetleri siyasi, askerî, ekonomik, etnik, dinî ve sosyal nitelikte bir dizi ciddi iç ve dış güvenlik tehdidiyle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu devletler ve coğrafya 1990’lı yıllardan bu yana uluslararası ilişkiler çalışmalarının dikkat çeken tartışma konularından birisi hâline gelmiştir. Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin kapsadığı Türkistan bölgesi; Rusya, Çin, Hindistan, Pakistan, Afganistan, İran, Karadeniz ve Hazar Denizi tarafından çevrelenen bir coğrafyanın merkezini teşkil etmektedir. Bu alan yaklaşık 12 milyon km² olup 200 milyona yakın nüfusu da içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Dünyanın önde gelen önemli petrol ve doğalgaz havzalarından birisi olarak da öne çıkan bu coğrafyada varlıklarını korumak ve sürdürmek arzusunda olan Türk Cumhuriyetleri, karşı karşıya kaldıkları güvenlik ve sosyo-ekonomik zorlukları aşmak için birbirleriyle çeşitli iş birliği girişimlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar.
Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin çevresinde Afganistan, Rusya, Çin, İran ve Hindistan gibi ülkelerin bulunması nedeniyle ABD başta olmak üzere büyük güçlerin bölgeye olan ilgisinin artması, SSCB’nin dağılması sonucunda ortaya çıkan ortak sorunlar, Türk Cumhuriyetleri’ni ulusal egemenliklerini korumak için güvenlik ve iş birliği alanında realist politikalar belirlemeye yöneltmiştir. Günümüze dek Türk Cumhuriyetleri’ni bir araya gelmeye zorlayan güvenlik başta olmak üzere ekonomik, sosyal ve ulusal egemenlik gibi temel konularda 30 yıl içerisinde devletlerin iç siyasi gelişmeleri ve büyük güçlerin etkisi altında bazı konularda arzu edilen sonuca ulaşılmış, bazılarında ise hala nihai sonuca erişilememiştir. Tüm bunlara karşın konjonktürel gelişmelere bağlı olarak yeni sorunlar da ufukta belirmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin üyesi olduğu uluslararası örgütlerin güvenlik problemlerinin çözümü ve askerî iş birliği imkânları üzerinde durulmuştur. Türk Cumhuriyetleri’nin üye oldukları örgütlerin mevcut güvenlik politikaları ve iş birliği girişimlerinin çıktıları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda sırasıyla, Rusya öncülüğünde kurulan Kolektif Güvenlik Anlaşması Örgütü, Rusya-Çin ortaklığında kurulan Şanhay İş birliği Örgütü ve Türkiye ile birlikte kurulan Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı ele alınarak söz konusu örgütlerin güvenlik anlamında bölgeye etkileri değerlendirilecektir.
Penebusan Rut Oleh Boas Sebagai Tipologi Penebusan Kristus Dan Refleksi Bagi Teologi Misi Masa Kini
Authors: Diana Ruat , Zaluchu Sonny Eli , Triastanti Deni
Published: May 2022

This article deals with Boaz's redemption of Ruth as an Old Testament typology in explaining Christ's redemption in the New Testament. The formulation of the research problem is how is the relationship between the redemption of Ruth in the Old Testament and the redemption of Christ and the reflection of today's mission theology? The author uses historical methods (Historical Research) and descriptive methods (Descriptive Research), namely literature studies through supporting books and journals, regarding the redemption of Ruth by Boaz in the Old Testament and explaining Christ's redemption in the New Testament. From the context of redemption (go'el) in the Old Testament, the redeemer must have more ability or strength than someone who is redeemed. Because people who are redeemed are often described as weak or slave. Meanwhile, the context of redemption in the New Testament was immediately carried out by the Lord Jesus Christ through Christ's death on the cross and His resurrection to reveal redemption to all tribes, nations, who exist on earth as weak and sinful creatures, which is also the basis of mission theology for the message. The gospel for all sinners. The redemption made by Christ is not only for one tribe of Israel, but all people have the same right to salvation and redemption to live in union with Christ. Artikel ini membahas tentang penebusan Rut oleh Boas sebagai tipologi Perjanjian Lama dalam menjelaskan penebusan Kristus dalam PerjanjianBaru. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kaitan penebusan Rut dalam Perjanjian Lama dan penebusan Kristus dan refleksi teologi misi masa kini? Penulis menggunakan metode historis (Historical Research) dan metode deskriptif (Descriptive Research) yaitu studi pustaka melalui buku-buku dan jurnal yang mendukung, tentang penebusan Rut oleh Boas dalam Perjanjian Lama dan menjelaskan penebusan Kristus dalam Perjanjian Baru. Dari konteks penebusan (go’el) di dalam Perjanjian Lama,penebusharus memiliki kemampuan atau kekuatan lebih dari seseorang yang ditebus. Karenaorang yang ditebussering digambarkan sebagai orang yang lemah atau budak. Sedangkan konteks penebusan di dalam Perjanjian Baru langsung dilakukan Tuhan Yesus Kristus melalui kematian Kristus di kayu salib dan kebangkitan-Nya untuk menyatakan penebusan kepada semua suku, bangsa, yang ada di bumi sebagai mahkluk yang lemah dan berdosa, yang sekaligus sebagai dasar teologi misi bagi pekabaran Injil bagi semua manusia berdosa. Penebusan yang dilakukan oleh Kristus bukan hanya kepada satu suku Israel saja, tetapi semua orang memiliki hak yang sama untuk mendapatkan keselamatan dan penebusan untuk hidup bersatu dengan Kristus.
Relationship of CD117 Expression and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) to Histopathological Grading of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in Salivary Glands
Authors: Siregar Ren Astrid Allail , Alferraly T. Ibnu , Delyuzar
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTend to have adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is one of malignant epithelial tumor of the salivary gland poor prognosis, localrecurrence and metastases. Histopathological grading system according Weert, et al. observed from presence or absence solidcomponent of AdCC. CD117 is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor usually strong expression in AdCC. EGFR belongs to theErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastases. Patients with advanceddisease may benefit from targeted therapy besides conventional management. Expression of CD117 and EGFR may give proposaltherapy through difference histology pattern of AdCC based on histopathological grading.MethodsThis is an analytical descriptive study with cross sectional approach. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from 35 adenoidcystic carcinomas were obtained for histopathological grading and for immunostained of CD117 and EGFR using monoclonalantibodies. The staining intensity and percentage of cells with membranous and cytoplasmic of CD117 and EGFR expression werescored and then grouped according to the parameters of the Allred scoring system.ResultsChi-square test between CD117, EGFR expression and histopathological grading of AdCC showed no sigficant differences.Besides, McNemar test between CD117 and EGFR expression and histopathological grading AdCC showed significant differences,p-value=0.03 (p<0.05).ConclusionsCD117 and EGFR could be used to detected salivary gland AdCC
Video gaming: Helping your English learners take control
Authors: Fredrickson Terry , Lotscher Suchart
Published: May 2022

Most video-gaming is done outside-of-class. There is much that teachers who
use games in class can do to help their students add a language-learning
dimension to their free-play time and take better advantage of the rich
multiplayer universe. Includes video.
#englishfromvideogames #teachingwithgames
Analisis Faktor-faktor Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan Klinik Pratama Marlina
Authors: Nugraha Deden , Supriyoso Patria
Published: May 2022

Tujuan_ Untuk Mengetahui Bagaimana Gambaran Kinerja karyawan pada Klinik Pratama Marlina dan Untuk Mengetahui Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja karyawan pada Klinik Pratama Marlina.Desain/Metode_Metode penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptifTemuan_ peningkatan kinerja karyawan dipengaruhi juga oleh faktor internal dan eksternal dimana faktor internal salah satunya adalah motivasi dan faktor eksternal dalam meningkatkan kinerja pelayanan di Klinik Pratama Marlina adalah Rekan kerja yang mendukung, rekan kerja yang mendukung senantiasa mendorong karyawan untuk terus meningkatkan pelayanan bersama-sama demi kepentingkan organisasinyaImplikasi_ Untuk peneliti selanjutnya, sebaiknya menambahkan perspektif lain dalam penelitiannya seperti disiplin kerja, Stres yang mungkin terjadi, Kompensasi atau mengembangkan Faktor lain yang ada dalam penelitian ini sehingga dapat menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan.Originalitas_ Melakukan analisis tentang faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja karyawan pada Klinik Pratama MarlinaTipe Penelitian_Studi Literatur
Implementasi Penetapan Harga Diskon dalam Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Sepatu (Studi Kasus Sepatu Crocodile di Matahari Departement Store Citylink)
Authors: Noviyanti Nisa
Published: May 2022

Tujuan_ Untuk mengetahui bagaimana penetapan harga diskon pada sepatu Crocodile dalam mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Desain/Metode_Jenis studi yang di gunakan dari penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif.

Temuan_Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Selain harga diskon faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk crocodile yaitu kualitas barang yang baik, dimana konsumen akan tetap membeli produk crocodile berdasarkan kualitas barang, meskipun tidak ada program diskon yang di berikan.Impikasi_ Hasil penelitian ini bisa di jadikan literasi bagi Pihak Crocodile sebagai bentuk bahan rujukan untuk bisa meningkatkan kembali strategi penetapan harga Komunikasi agar lebih bisa menarik minat beli konsumen setiap tahunnya.Originalitas_Penelitian ini di lakukan di Matahari departemen store Citilink BandungTipe Penelitian_Studi Literatur