bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Akut aort diseksiyonu tanısında kullanılabilecek kan parametreleri
Authors: BILDIK Busra , YILMAZ Gökhan , ATİŞ Şeref Emre , ÇEKMEN Bora
Published: November 2023

Amaç: Akut aort diseksiyonu yüksek mortalite ve morbiditeye sahip bir hastalıktır. Oldukça geniş semptomlara neden olması sebebiyle tanısı sıklıkla atlanmakta veya akut koroner sendom, gastrointestinal hastalıkları veya serebrovasküler hastalıklarla karıştırılabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda, aort diseksiyonu tanısı alan hastalarda bakılan kan parametrelerinin tanıyı belirlemedeki etkinliğini saptamayı hedefledik.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamız retrospektif, kesitsel bir çalışma olarak planlandı. Çalışmamıza üçüncü basamak bir acil servise göğüs ağrısı şikâyeti ile başvuran ve aort diseksiyonundan şüphe edilip, bilgisayarlı toraks ve abdomen anjiografisi (BTAA) çekilen hastalar dâhil edildi. Çalışmaya alınan hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı ve BTAA raporunda aort diseksiyonu saptanıp saptanmamasına göre aort diseksiyonu olanlar “hasta grubu” ve aort diseksiyonu saptanmayanlar ise “kontrol grubu” olarak belirlendi. Hastalara ait yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik verilerle birlikte, tam kan parametreleri (lökosit, lenfosit, nötrofil, platelet sayıları), C-reaktif protein (CRP), kreatinin değerleri kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 64 hasta dâhil edildi. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların yaş ortalaması 61,48±14,49 olarak saptandı. Hastalar ve kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında, aort diseksiyonu olan grubun yaş ortalaması 56,96±10,37, kontrol grubun ise 64,20±15,98 olarak saptandı. Aort diseksiyonu olan grubun yaş ortalaması kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde daha düşüktü (p=0,032). Aort diseksiyonu olan grubun platelet sayısı 199 109/L [162-260], kontrol grubunun ise 260 109/L [348-223] olarak saptandı (p=0,003). Platelet değeri için yapılan ROC analizinde, değer 199 109/L olarak alındığında, aort diseksiyonu için duyarlılık %50,0 (pozitif prediktif değeri =2,5), özgüllük %80,0 (negatif prediktif değeri =0,63) olarak belirlendi (AUC= 0,725 [0,597-0,853], p=0,003).

Sonuç: Platelet sayısı ve yaş, aort diseksiyonu tanısında bağımsız risk faktörleridir. Düşük platelet sayısı seviyeleri aort diseksiyonu tanısını destekler.
Intestinal Barrier Function and Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Wu Shijing , Yang Liangfang , Fu Yiwei , Liao Zhimin , Cai De , Liu Zhou
Published: November 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the loss of neurons and/or their myelin sheaths,
which deteriorate over time and become dysfunctional. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
and multiple sclerosis are among the most prominent neurodegenerative diseases that affect millions
of older adults worldwide. Despite extensive research over several decades, controversies still surround
the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and many of them remain incurable. Meanwhile,
an increasing number of new mechanistic studies related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis have
emerged, among which the relationship between the function of the intestinal barrier and neurodegenerative
diseases has received widespread attention. As one of the first lines of defense between
the body and the external environment, the impaired function of the intestinal barrier is closely related
to the development of neurodegenerative pathologies. Among them, the microbiota-gut-brain
axis disorder characterized by intestinal barrier disruption mainly includes impaired function of the
intestinal microbial barrier, chemical barrier, mechanical barrier, and immune barrier. This review
focuses on the structure and molecular mechanisms of the various layers of the intestinal barrier as
well as their relationship with neurodegenerative lesions. In recent years, intestinal barrier repair
therapies have provided new ideas for the studied disease treatment modalities. We believe that a
better understanding of the role of the intestinal barrier in neurodegenerative diseases would provide
new insights for the development of viable therapeutic strategies for patients.
Finite Element Model for Local Instantaneous Impact Protection Analysis
Based on Digital Arm
Authors: Kuang Jiangming , Zhang Mang , Zhang Shuang , Qin Yuping
Published: November 2023

Background:

This study investigates the damage in human tissue in regions subjected
to stress when the human body experiences localized, instantaneous impact loads.

Methods:

Utilizing 727 images spanning from the shoulder to the fingertip of a digital human
model based on Chinese demographics, the geometric details of tissue structures were derived
via tissue segmentation, 3D modeling, and reverse engineering. A stress-induced damage model
for the human forearm was created using the finite element simulation software, commercial
software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 in the college edition. By applying an impact load of
6.4×106 N m2 to the load surface, a response time of 1×10−3 s was determined. Subsequently,
the force transmission mechanism was examined when the human forearm was under stress.
This approach represents the unique aspect of our patent study.

Results:

The modeling and analysis revealed that skin, fat, and muscle -being viscoelastic tissues
-undergo deformation upon experiencing stress impacts. This deformation aids in dissipating energy.
In transient states, the body does not sustain severe damage, and the impact-induced damage
to these tissues is relatively minimal. However, if the force duration is prolonged or if the
impact load is exceedingly high, exceeding the critical limit of adhesive tissue may result in penetration
of the tissue at the stress point. Notably, tissues beyond the direct impact area remain
largely unharmed.

Conclusion:

Damage due to localized, instantaneous impact loads is primarily concentrated on
the immediate stress surface, while regions beyond this point incur minimal to no damage. Calculations
indicate that, while such impacts can cause penetrating injuries, the resulting wounds
are typically small. With prompt medical intervention, these injuries are not debilitating to the
human body.
User Perceptions of Visual Clot in a High-Fidelity Simulation Study: Mixed Qualitative-Quantitative Study
Authors: Gasciauskaite Greta , Castellucci Clara , Malorgio Amos , Budowski Alexandra D , Schweiger Giovanna , Kolbe Michaela , Fries Daniel , Grande Bastian , Nöthiger Christoph B , Spahn Donat R , Roche Tadzio R , Tscholl David W , Akbas Samira
Published: November 2023

Background

Viscoelastic hemostatic assays, such as rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) or thromboelastography, enable prompt diagnosis and accelerate targeted treatment. However, the complex interpretation of the results remains challenging. Visual Clot—a situation awareness-based visualization technology—was developed to assist clinicians in interpreting viscoelastic tests.

Objective

Following a previous high-fidelity simulation study, we analyzed users’ perceptions of the technology, to identify its strengths and limitations from clinicians’ perspectives.

Methods

This is a mixed qualitative-quantitative study consisting of interviews and a survey. After solving coagulation scenarios using Visual Clot in high-fidelity simulations, we interviewed anesthesia personnel about the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the new tool. We used a template approach to identify dominant themes in interview responses. From these themes, we defined 5 statements, which were then rated on Likert scales in a questionnaire.

Results

We interviewed 77 participants and 23 completed the survey. We identified 9 frequently mentioned topics by analyzing the interview responses. The most common themes were “positive design features,” “intuitive and easy to learn,” and “lack of a quantitative component.” In the survey, 21 respondents agreed that Visual Clot is easy to learn and 16 respondents stated that a combination of Visual Clot and ROTEM would help them manage complex hemostatic situations.

Conclusions

A group of anesthesia care providers found Visual Clot well-designed, intuitive, and easy to learn. Participants highlighted its usefulness in emergencies, especially for clinicians inexperienced in coagulation management. However, the lack of quantitative information is an area for improvement.
Text Dialogue Analysis for Primary Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Wang Changyu , Liu Siru , Li Aiqing , Liu Jialin
Published: November 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence models tailored to diagnose cognitive impairment have shown excellent results. However, it is unclear whether large linguistic models can rival specialized models by text alone.

Objective

In this study, we explored the performance of ChatGPT for primary screening of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and standardized the design steps and components of the prompts.

Methods

We gathered a total of 174 participants from the DementiaBank screening and classified 70% of them into the training set and 30% of them into the test set. Only text dialogues were kept. Sentences were cleaned using a macro code, followed by a manual check. The prompt consisted of 5 main parts, including character setting, scoring system setting, indicator setting, output setting, and explanatory information setting. Three dimensions of variables from published studies were included: vocabulary (ie, word frequency and word ratio, phrase frequency and phrase ratio, and lexical complexity), syntax and grammar (ie, syntactic complexity and grammatical components), and semantics (ie, semantic density and semantic coherence). We used R 4.3.0. for the analysis of variables and diagnostic indicators.

Results

Three additional indicators related to the severity of MCI were incorporated into the final prompt for the model. These indicators were effective in discriminating between MCI and cognitively normal participants: tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (P<.001), difficulty with complex ideas (P<.001), and memory issues (P<.001). The final GPT-4 model achieved a sensitivity of 0.8636, a specificity of 0.9487, and an area under the curve of 0.9062 on the training set; on the test set, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve reached 0.7727, 0.8333, and 0.8030, respectively.

Conclusions

ChatGPT was effective in the primary screening of participants with possible MCI. Improved standardization of prompts by clinicians would also improve the performance of the model. It is important to note that ChatGPT is not a substitute for a clinician making a diagnosis.
Predictors of Dropout Among Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Secondary Analysis of a Longitudinal Study of Digital Training (Preprint)
Authors: Gao Lingling , Keller Franziska Maria , Becker Petra , Dahmen Alina , Lippke Sonia
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

High dropout rates are a common problem reported in web-based studies. Understanding which risk factors interrelate with dropping out from the studies provides the option to prevent dropout by tailoring effective strategies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to contribute an understanding of the predictors of web-based study dropout among psychosomatic rehabilitation patients. We investigated whether sociodemographics, voluntary interventions, physical and mental health, digital use for health and rehabilitation, and COVID-19 pandemic–related variables determine study dropout.

METHODS

Patients (N=2155) recruited from 4 psychosomatic rehabilitation clinics in Germany filled in a web-based questionnaire at T1, which was before their rehabilitation stay. Approximately half of the patients (1082/2155, 50.21%) dropped out at T2, which was after the rehabilitation stay, before and during which 3 voluntary digital trainings were provided to them. According to the number of trainings that the patients participated in, they were categorized into a comparison group or 1 of 3 intervention groups. Chi-square tests were performed to examine the differences between dropout patients and retained patients in terms of sociodemographic variables and to compare the dropout rate differences between the comparison and intervention groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess what factors were related to study dropout.

RESULTS

The comparison group had the highest dropout rate of 68.4% (173/253) compared with the intervention groups’ dropout rates of 47.98% (749/1561), 50% (96/192), and 42.9% (64/149). Patients with a diagnosis of combined anxiety and depressive disorder had the highest dropout rate of 64% (47/74). Younger patients (those aged <50 y) and patients who were less educated were more likely to drop out of the study. Patients who used health-related apps and the internet less were more likely to drop out of the study. Patients who remained in their jobs and patients who were infected by COVID-19 were more likely to drop out of the study.

CONCLUSIONS

This study investigated the predictors of dropout in web-based studies. Different factors such as patient sociodemographics, physical and mental health, digital use, COVID-19 pandemic correlates, and study design can correlate with the dropout rate. For web-based studies with a focus on mental health, it is suggested to consider these possible dropout predictors and take appropriate steps to help patients with a high risk of dropping out overcome difficulties in completing the study.
Indonesian Cinema: The Battle Over Censorship
Authors: Pradsmadji Shadia Imanuella , Mutmainnah Nina
Published: November 2023

The practice of film censorship has been in Indonesia since the Dutch East Indies era. Since then, film stakeholders have always been the battleground, as the different values and norms generate different views and beliefs. The critical constructionism paradigm is used to examine the contestation of film censorship in Indonesia. Four films released after the enactment of the 2009 Film Law are used as the case study: The Act of Killing, The Look of Silence, Naura & Genk Juara, and Memories of My Body. Data collection was done through a collection of news reports and social media posts that discussed the four films used as the case study. In addition, interviews with four stakeholders were done, which were an alternative cinema manager, a representative of the Indonesian Censorship Board (LSF), a representative of the Indonesian Film Body (BPI), and a film actor/director. The research results indicated that different stakeholders have different views and interests regarding film censorship, which explains why the polemic of contestation over the film censorship policy happens. Some people believe that film censorship should exist, as it would give control over society. At the same time, some people believe that film censorship should be replaced by film classification as a form of freedom of expression. There are also arguments over the standards of film censorship. Academically, the research’s significance is to develop studies regarding film censorship polemic and its stakeholders’ contestation. In contrast, practically, the research may be used to formulate film censorship regulation and policy by evaluating factors that may cause conflict among film stakeholders.
Clash of Cultures: Implications of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) into Myanmar
Authors: Bhasin Balbir , Ng Lee Keng , Zeng Yanping
Published: November 2023

China has embarked on a massive infrastructure development project across and through its Southeast Asian neighbors such as the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC). While China is the world's second largest economy, Myanmar is on the United Nations' list of 48 least developed countries (LDCs) with over 70% of the population living in rural areas and depend on agriculture. While China has no religion Myanmar's culture is immersed in Theravada Buddhism. We used a dataset from the World Values Survey to analyze the cultural variances based on the Value-Orientation Framework. Our findings show that the two countries differ significantly in almost all of the value orientations. Challengers such as a lack of a common history, religion and language had already raised tensions and conflicts in past projects and would lead to an erosion of the project-benefits upon the completion of the CMEC. This paper highlights the implications and pitfalls to avoid for both countries.
A Study on the Upsurge of Translated Detective Story from the Perspective of Polysystem Theory
Authors: Zheng Xiuwen
Published: November 2023

From 1890s to 1930s, the detective novels carried a big weight in Chinese literary works, with the characteristics of mass audience, large quantity and deep influence. Since detective novels were originally imported and translated into Chinese by translator, they have attracted the attention of a large of scholars. Base on the polysystem theory proposed by Itamar Even-Zohar, an Israeli literary theorist, this paper will analyze the reason for the rise and the increasing popularity of translated detective novel in that period.
Evaluierung des Förderungsprogramms KMU.DIGITAL Modul Beratung (WKÖ) und Modul Umsetzung (AWS). Synthesebericht
Authors:   P-IC - Pöchhacker Innovation Consulting GmbH, Ast Julia R. , Brunner Philipp ,   IWI - Industriewissenschaftliches Institut, Dick Nikias , Mooslechner Eva-Maria , Pöchhacker-Tröscher Gerlinde , Schneider Herwig W.
Published: November 2023

Die vorliegende Analyse betrifft die Evaluierung des Förderungsprogramms KMU.DIGITAL mit den beiden Modulen Beratung und Umsetzung seit dem Programm-Relaunch KMU.DIGITAL 2.0 (September 2019 bis Dezember 2022). Das Evaluierungsziel liegt in der Beurteilung des Programms hinsichtlich Wirkung und Reichweite sowie evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen für die Fortführung und künftige Ausgestaltung des Programms. Der Evaluierungszeitraum erstreckte sich von Jänner bis Juli 2023.
Online food delivery
Authors: Tayal Nitasha
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The rapid expansion of online food delivery apps has revolutionized dining habits and the food service industry. This research paper delves into the evolution and impact of these apps, examining their influence on consumer behavior, the restaurant landscape, and the overall gastronomic experience. By employing a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys, interviews, and data analysis, this study unveils critical insights into customer preferences, app features, and the business models driving the industry. It scrutinizes the competitive landscape, showcasing successful platforms and exploring the challenges they face, such as regulatory issues and sustainability concerns. Additionally, the research speculates on future trends and innovations, highlighting the potential impact of emerging technologies and changing market dynamics. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of online food delivery apps, shedding light on their past, present, and future, with implications for both industry professionals and academic researchers.
Creating Serverless Web Applications with AWS
Authors: Singh Varun
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Serverless computing has emerged as a groundbreaking innovation, allowing organizations to alleviate the complexities associated with provisioning, scaling, and managing infrastructure. The surge in serverless adoption poses challenges in choosing optimal solutions amid a myriad of proposed designs by experts. This paper categorizes serverless patterns using a multivocal literature review, highlighting benefits and challenges in coordination, aggregation, event management, availability, communication, and validation. To illustrate the practical application of serverless computing, we present a case study involving the use of AWS Lambda, Amazon DynamoDB, and other services to process real-time data streams for a fictional ride-sharing company. The study showcases the advantages of serverless computing, emphasizing its ability to free developers from server-related concerns, enabling them to focus on building scalable and reliable applications. This paper contributes to the understanding of serverless computing's role in the broader context of cloud technologies and its application in real-world scenarios
Effective Password Strengthening Techniques
Authors: Rawat Hemadri
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Protecting passwords from hackers is a formidable challenge in the current technological landscape, given the myriad of tools available in the hacking domain. This paper delves into an exploration of various password types and lengths, highlighting those that are ill-advised for use. Additionally, it discusses password types that offer comparatively greater security and outlines prevalent cracking techniques employed by hackers. The document further outlines effective measures to enhance password security, incorporating algorithms designed for this purpose. Comprehensive coverage is provided on methods to safeguard passwords from potential attacks. Notably, the paper extends its scope to include insights into the various types of WiFi passwords.
Novel Image Fusion Techniques for Human Disease Detection
Authors: Rawat Ansh , Sharma Divyansh , Kaur Palakpreet
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This research paper focuses on the application of image fusion techniques for disease detection. The paper shows various image segmentation methods and related studies with a specific focus on medical imaging for AI-assisted diagnosis of diseases like COVID-19. It discusses the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and convolutional neural networks in medical imaging. The paper also explores image enhancement methods, particularly those that involve noise suppression and enhancing low-light regions. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of combining different technologies for improved disease detection and presents experimental results that support the efficacy of image fusion in enhancing the performance of medical diagnostics system.
Use of Learning Experience Platforms in Lithuanian General Education Schools: Case Study Analyses
Authors:   Klaipeda University, Melnikova Julija , , Batuchina Aleksandra
Published: November 2023

In addition to traditional learning, digital learning is increasingly being applied in schools through various educational technologies. The development and implementation of digital educational tools represents a growing and promising field within educational technology. Digital tools provide prerequisites for students to take responsibility and control learning, as well as to choose individual learning strategies. For teachers, digital tools are a means to enhance learner engagement and learning motivation by enabling them to determine the necessary steps to achieve defined learning goals. However, the use of digital educational tools does not yet guarantee the quality of modern education. In order to ensure profound and personalized learning digital tools that foster learning based on students’ personal abilities and interests, prove to be more effective. To achieve higher student engagement, it is essential to offer timely feedback, comprehensively assess students’ individual progress, and identify strengths and weaknesses of their learning. For this purpose, teachers can leverage advanced technologies that employ artificial intelligence and learning analytics. Such technologies are able to help teachers to monitor students’ learning more effectively- to identify learning gaps, to predict future learning progress, and to make necessary pedagogical decisions. In this study, such technologies are referred to as “learning experience platforms.” These platforms are designed in a manner that assists both students and teachers in proficiently managing teaching and learning processes through the utilization of learning analytics and artificial intelligence. The study focuses on the selection of advanced technological solutions – learning experience platforms suitable for general education schools. The selected platforms were tested in Lithuanian schools, and the practices and experiences are presented through a case study analysis. The outcomes of our research disclose the advantages of implementing such technological solutions in teaching-learning process and benefits for its participants. The results of the study emphasize that learning experience platforms foster inclusive and engaging learning, promote models of self-directed, adaptive, and personalized learning in general education schools.
Development of the Narrative Competence Domain of History Education between 2000 and 2020
Authors:   University of Latvia, Berzins Edgars
Published: November 2023

In the realm of history education, there has been a growing focus on the development of narrative skills as a key area for academic inquiry. Research has illuminated how the ability to create, interpret, and critically assess historical narratives is integral to fostering historical thinking and consciousness among students. Notably, narrative skills extend beyond mere storytelling; they enable students to construct meaningful and accurate historical narratives that encapsulate complex interactions, cause-and-effect relationships, and varying perspectives. This article provides an in-depth look into how the domain of narrative competence in history education has evolved over a two-decade span from 2000 to 2020. The data for this investigation were extracted from articles that are part of the Web of Science Core Collection, and a variety of methods, such as the cataloguing approach, were employed to analyze the available information. The study unveils that narrative competence has increasingly become a focal point, pinpointing five key clusters of topics that support this specific educational objective. These clusters range from the theoretical frameworks used in narrative construction to pedagogical strategies aimed at improving these skills. Significantly, this review underscores that research topics relating to narrative skills and competence have progressively moved from the periphery to a more central position within the broader field of history education research. This shift indicates an acknowledgment of the critical role that narrative skills play not only in understanding history but also in shaping critical thinkers capable of analyzing the past in a nuanced manner. The analysis also implies that history educators are increasingly expected to include narrative skills in their curriculum, ultimately contributing to more effective history education. Overall, the focus on narrative competence is reshaping how history is taught and understood, underscoring its importance in the development of well-rounded students.
School Climate in General and Vet Schools in Latvia: Principals’ Perspective
Authors:   University of Latvia, Kiris Kaspars
Published: November 2023

During OECD TALIS research in years 2013 and 2018 high level of school evaluation was found from principals and teachers’ viewpoint. Despite several external problems, principals and teachers found their schools as a very good working place that could be suggested to other colleagues. This opinion points to a good school climate. Such a factor leads to a good learning environment and increases the learning outcomes of students. The international survey OECD TALIS 2013 had an additional national level survey adapted for vocational education and training schools (TALIS PROF). Despite some differences in levels general and vocational schools provide, there are some issues of education management that might indicate the overall climate in schools of Latvia, including general and vocational education. As TALIS PROF was not continued in next OECD TALIS research cycle in year 2018, the additional survey for principals of vocational schools was provided in year 2022. The additional survey was adapted from the survey OECD TALIS 201, including specific vocational education targeted questions and actual education environment and climate questions from survey of OECD TALIS 2018. The aim of this research was to find school principals’ attitude to questions regarding school climate. In order to find best answers regarding the school climate, resources were analysed. Independent sample tests were provided to find out differences between groups of principals. The study compared the opinions expressed by general and vocational school principals of survey year 2013 in order to find whether there were differences between their opinions on school climate questions. To find if there were differences between opinions on school climate questions, general and vocational school principals’ views of survey year 2018 and results of the adapted survey 2022 were compared. The research found that principals of schools in survey cycles year 2013, 2018, 2022 evaluated highly the school climate. Mainly there is no crucial difference between general and vocational education principals’ opinions regarding questions on the school climate.
The Method of Involving Young Children in Group Musical Activities
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy, Žitkevičienė Daiva , Lasauskienė Jolanta
Published: November 2023

The possibilities and specific features of enhancing the efficiency of the educational interaction that penetrates the whole educational process by involving children in active musical activities as early as possible have been poorly explored in Lithuania so far. The aim of the research is to highlight educational preconditions of involving 3–4-year-old children in group musical activities by implementation Batia Strauss’s Method of Active Listening to Music in practice with a group of children in early childhood music education. The participants included fifteen children from a kindergarten in Kaunas district (Lithuania). The conducted qualitative case research help to distinguish the following educational preconditions of involving 3–4-year-old children in group musical activities using Strauss’s Method of Active Listening to Music: to feel and express contrasting rhythms through simulated, emotional body movements while listening to music; to conceive and demonstrate spontaneous body movements while listening to music; and to listen to music and express it through artistic expression and language. The aforesaid preconditions are considered as generalised and conceptualised research findings and enrich the didactics of early childhood music education based on reflective thinking, mediation, meta-comments and co-learning principles.
Gender Differences in Mathematical Competition Performance for Grade 4 Pupils in Latvia
Authors:   University of Latvia, Avotiņa Maruta , Pogule Guna Brenda , Veilande Ingrīda ,   Riga Technical University Latvian Maritime Academy
Published: November 2023

There are stereotypes that boys are better than girls at mathematics and other STEM subjects. For example, at the International Mathematical Olympiad, most of the participants are boys, and only some girls qualify for the competition. However, a team (6 secondary school pupils) from Latvia, unlike other countries, almost every year contains a girl participant in this prestigious olympiad. Special competitions and olympiads for girls are organized. The goal is to increase their interest and confidence in mathematics, like the European Girls’ Mathematical Olympiad. To determine whether there are gender differences in Latvia for the primary school pupils in the mathematical problem solving we analyse data obtained in a school year 2021/2022 in the national level mathematical competition “This much or… How much?” in which participated about 3200 pupils from various schools in Latvia. Pupils solved problems ranging in difficulty from multiple choice questions and standard computation tasks to non-standard problems that requires explanations and creative thinking. The main objective of this study is to determine if there are any gender differences in mathematical competition for Grade 4 pupils. In the paper we analyse pupils works and solutions according to mathematical skills necessary in the tasks to find out whether there are gender differences in solving different tasks and what are the strength for each gender. The obtained results could be useful for math teachers so they can differentiate the teaching process and improve each pupil’s performance in mathematics, as well as rise pupils interest using non-standard tasks.
Conceptualising Digital Competency for ICT Specialists
Authors:   Riga Technical University, Anohina-Naumeca Alla , Āboliņa Anda ,   University of Latvia
Published: November 2023

A competency-based approach to education has become central in discussing and assessing the quality of education. Competency is vital for any individual to cope successfully with challenging tasks in his/her professional, social and private life and achieve the goals set. In order to practically implement the approach in higher education institutions, it is necessary to understand what competencies are required by the labour market and what their structure is, as well as to select or develop models or frameworks for describing these competencies. One of the most relevant competencies in the modern world is digital competence which implies knowledge and skills to use information and communication technology (ICT) to achieve professional, social and personal goals. Although the need for developing digital competence is actual for specialists in any field, the definition of its structure for ICT professionals is mainly ignored. Therefore, it can hinder the development of quality educational programs and prevent graduates from being equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge. This study applies a systematic literature review to answer three research questions concerning the types and structure of digital competence of ICT professionals, the developed models and frameworks of digital and professional competence of ICT specialists, and the representation of digital competence in the existing competence frameworks and models. The research results offer the conceptualisation of digital competence for ICT specialists. It includes transversal digital competence, general professional digital competence, and specific professional digital competence, together with indicating an appropriate framework for each of the competence types mentioned.
Recording Adolescent’s Physical Activity Using Tracking Devices and Observation of Cognitive Abilities
Authors:   University of Latvia, Veliks Viktors , Porozovs Juris , Kļaviņa Aija ,   Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Guļevska Inta , Zuša Anna , Aniščenko Aleksandrs
Published: November 2023

Physical activity is vital important for the holistic development of adolescents, fostering their physical, cognitive, and social health. Measuring daily physical activity is necessary for objective monitoring of the necessary amount of physical activity to maintain health. Various physical activity trackers have been developed to increase an individual’s awareness of physical activity throughout the day, but it is important to choose one that precisely measures the performance of various exercises and is easy to use. The aim of the study was to develop methodology and protocols for tracking adolescent’s daily physical activities, sleep duration and quality, and assess dynamic of adolescent’s motor skills and psychophysiological parameters. A case study to evaluate the correlation of physical and cognitive parameters with screen time dependency in adolescents was carried out. Two adolescent’s groups were organized: group with partly supervised physical exercise program and group with fully supervised physical exercise program. The level of physical activities was recorded with Fitbit and Actigraph fitness trackers and mobile applications. Adolescent’s motor skills were assessed by using the Bruininks – Oseretsky Bot-2 method, and psychophysiological parameters were assessed using Vienna tests before and after starting complex of physical activities. The results of the research suggested that the developed methodology gave ability to record adolescent’s physical and behavioural activity during the 16-weeks physical exercise program and compare it with their self-reported physical activities. Fitbit fitness trackers are more preferable in comparison with Actigraph because it is easier to use it in partly supervised activity conditions, and it is possible to register sleep duration and heart rate changes with Fitbit. Using the developed methodology, and taking into account changes in physical activities, it is possible to assess the dynamic of physical and psychophysiological parameter changes of adolescents.
Intelligence Quotient and Some Anthropometric Indices in Children Who Practice Swimming
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Petrea Renato Gabriel , Bârliba Radu George ,   Institute of Psychiatry “Socola” Iasi, Moraru Cristina Elena , Rusu Oana Mihaela
Published: November 2023

General human intelligence and anthropometric indices are important factors in the cognitive learning process, but also in the motor learning such as swimming. In the period March-June 2022, we conducted a longitudinal study on 136 children aged 6.0 to 9.11 years (mean 7.2 years), who practice swimming for leisure (beginner level) in the swimming pools from Iasi city, Romania. The instruments used were the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices for intelligence quotient, an OMRON BF511 device (scale) for body mass index, adipose tissue mass and muscle tissue mass, a Makita laser rangefinder and a Makita scale for waist measurement. The purpose of the research is finding out if there is an association between the intelligence quotient and certain anthropometric indices in children participating in introductory swimming lessons. The main hypothesis of the research is that there is a positive association between the intelligence quotient and certain anthropometric indices in children participating in introductory swimming lessons. The research results show that the association between intelligence quotient and body mass index is negative of moderate strength (r = −0.41; p = 0.04); the association between the intelligence quotient and the adipose tissue mass is also negative of moderate intensity (r = −0.47; p = 0.02); and between the intelligence quotient and the muscle tissue mass there is a positive association of low intensity (r = 0.23; p = 0.03). In conclusion, we can state that among children who practice swimming in Iași City, the intelligence quotient is inversely related to the body mass index and the adipose tissue mass (if the intelligence quotient increases, the body mass index and the adipose tissue mass will decrease) and in positive relation with the muscle tissue mass (if the intelligence quotient increases, the muscle tissue mass will also increase).
Student Teachers’ Views on Theory and Practice Following the Study of Arts and Skills Subjects
Authors:   University of Eastern Finland, Kröger Tarja , Sivenius Ari , Kaivosaari Annu
Published: November 2023

There have been changes in how arts and skills are taught in teacher education that, among other things, have sought to strengthen the dialogue between theory and practice. To examine these goal-orientated changes, it is necessary to take an in-depth view of the situation after they have taken place, and thus to justify future-orientated perspectives. The aim of this study was to find out how theory and practice appear in the writings of student teachers after they had completed Arts and Skills in Education courses, which are part of multidisciplinary studies leading to the qualification of a primary school teacher. Do theory and practice remain separate from each other, are they extremes of each other or is there a dialogue between them, and what is the nature of this dialogue? The research material consisted of the students’ writings at the end of their final Arts and Skills in Education course. Writings were requested via e-form. The research material was approached according to the research literature on the relationship between theory and practice. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The students’ views on theory and practice were coded into three themes: (1) no relationship between theory and practice, (2) a comparative relationship between theory and practice and (3) a dialogical relationship between theory and practice. These themes made it possible to distinguish the extent to which and how students link theory to practice, or vice versa. The research findings led the researchers to reflect on the development of teacher education and, in particular, arts and skills courses.
elf-Evaluation of Future Teacher Professional Competences: a Case Study in Latvia
Authors:   University of Latvia, Lāma Gatis , Āboliņa Līga , Kaļķe Baiba , Sarva Edīte , Āboliņa Anda ,   Rezekne Academy of Technologies, Bernande Māra
Published: November 2023

eacher education is the focus of many organisations as an influential tool for improving the quality of our lives, including sustainable development (UNESCO 2022, OECD 2016). Similar to other educational fields, teacher education is increasingly being viewed through the lens of competences rather than just subject knowledge and skills. In Latvia a new competency-based curriculum has been introduced at all levels of education (Skola2030). Therefore, it is important to review the competences required for teachers and developed in higher education to potentially improve the quality of education for their future students and provide experiences in developing competences with which students will have to work in schools as well. In this research we use a self-evaluation instrument developed through the project “Development and Implementation of the Education Quality Monitoring System” (2nd round) for measuring future teachers’ professional competences. The results show that overall, future educators self-evaluate their competences highly in all sub-competence areas. Higher self-evaluations are seen in the area of professional development, while lower self-evaluations are seen in the area of planning learning.
Hvordan kan ledere skabe rammerne for Capacity Building i deres organisationer? Et studie fra sygehusvæsenet
Authors: Egelund Antonsen Christina
Published: November 2023

Tidligere forskning indikerer på baggrund af et casestudie, at ledere bør fokusere på 10 evner/komponenter for at skabe rammerne for Capacity Building i deres organisationer. Formålet med dette studie er at kvalificere og styrke denne viden ved at foretage en konvergent validering af disse 10 komponenter. Ambitionen er at skabe et mere robust vidensgrundlag om ’ledelse af Capacity Building’, da vi forskningsmæssigt ikke ved meget empirisk om dette fænomen. Dette til trods for hospitalsvæsenet eksempelvis ofte bruger Capacity Building som retorisk konstruktion til at italesætte måder, hvorpå effektive interne processer og gode, sikre patientforløb skabes i praksis. Undersøgelsesspørgsmålet, der besvares er: Hvilke nuancer, tilskrivninger og kritikpunkter identificeres af ledere og medarbejdere, når de præsenteres for de 10 ledelseskomponenter, og hvilke implikationer har dette for tidligere resultater? Valideringen tager afsæt blandt ledere og medarbejdere i hospitalsvæsenet, nærmere i projekt ’Sikkert Patientflow’ i Region Midtjylland, Danmark.
Survival of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in SARS-COV-
Authors: Lädrach C. , Wartenberg Martin , Zimmerli S. , Anschuetz Lukas , Bohlen S. , Ebner J. , Pontouraude C. M. F. de Gouyon Matignon de , Caversaccio Marco , Wagner Franca
Published: November 2023

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare angioinvasive
fungal infection known to be associated with high morbidity and over
50% mortality and has increased lately due to increasing predisposing
immunocompromising comorbidities as well as COVID-19. In addition to the
common acute disease progression, chronic less aggressive courses have
been described less often. In this paper we report two cases – a
75-year-old woman with diabetes and a 39-year-old man with recurrent
diabetic ketoacidosis. Both presented initially with acute sinonasal
symptoms, were positive for SARS-COV-2 and later diagnosed with acute
ROCM.  Both underwent mutilating surgical therapy as well as high
administered dose Amphotericin B and long term continuous antifungal
therapy. Patient 1 showed stable symptoms with radiographically
increasing disease and died of urosepsis 5 months after first surgery.
Patient 2 was first lost to follow-up after repatriation to his home
country and 1 year later sent us a holiday picture of himself, having
recovered from the disease.

Key words:

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, mucormycosis, Amphotericin-B,
COVID-19, invasive fungal infection
Six decades of ecohydrological research connecting landscapes and riverscapes in the Girnock Burn, Scotland: Atlantic salmon population and habitat dynamics in a changing world.
Authors: Soulsby Chris , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Malcolm I.A.
Published: November 2023

Long-term data are crucial for understanding ecological responses to
climate and land use change; they are also vital evidence for informing
management. As a migratory fish, Atlantic salmon are sentinels of both
global and local environmental change. This paper reviews the main
insights from six decades of research in an upland Scottish stream
(Girnock Burn) inhabited by a spring Atlantic salmon population
dominated by multi-sea-winter fish. Research began in the 1960s
providing a census of returning adults, juvenile emigrants and in-stream
production of Atlantic salmon. Early research pioneered new monitoring
techniques providing new insights into salmon ecology and population
dynamics. These studies underlined the need for interdisciplinary
approaches for understanding salmon interactions with physical, chemical
and biological components of in-stream habitats at different
life-stages. This highlighted variations in catchment-scale
hydroclimate, hydrology, geomorphology and hydrochemistry as essential
to understanding freshwater habitats in the wider landscape context.
Evolution of research has resulted in a remarkable catalogue of novel
findings underlining the value of long-term data that increases with
time as modelling tools advance to leverage more insights from “big
data”. Data are available on fish numbers, sizes and ages across
multiple life stages, extending over many decades and covering a wide
range of stock levels. Combined with an unusually detailed
characterisation of the environment, these data have enabled a unique
process-based understanding of the controls and bottlenecks on salmon
population dynamics across the entire lifecycle and the consequences of
declining marine survival and ova deposition. Such powerful datasets,
methodological enhancements and the resulting process understanding have
informed and supported the development of fish population assessment
tools which have been applied to aid management of threatened salmon
stocks at large-catchment, regional and national scales. Many pioneering
monitoring and modelling approaches developed have been applied
internationally. This history shows the importance of integrating
curiosity-driven science with monitoring for informing policy
development and assessing efficacy of management options. It also
demonstrates the need of continue to resource long-term sites which act
as a focus for inter-disciplinary research and innovation, and where the
overall value of the research greatly exceeds the costs of individual
component parts.
The Role of Trade in Asia and the Pacific’s Net Zero Pathways: Overview and Policy Implications
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Kim Kijin , Park Cyn-Young ,   Asian Development Bank, Petri Peter ,   The Brandeis International Business School, Plummer Michael ,   John Hopkins University
Published: November 2023

As pressure grows on countries in Asia and the Pacific to ramp up climate change mitigation, this brief analyzes the critical role international trade can play in supporting a cost-effective regional transition to net zero.