bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monogenetic volcanoes as windows into transcrustal mush: A case study of Slamet and Loyang volcanoes, Central Java
Authors: Barber Nicholas , Baldwin Sophie , Edmonds Marie , Boschetty Felix , Wibowo Haryo , Harijoko Agung
Published: August 2023

Monogenetic volcanic "fields (MVFs) are commonly associated with long-lived polygenetic composite volcanoes in many tectonic settings. The association between polygenetic and monogenetic volcanoes has raised questions as to the source of monogenetic melts – specifically, whether they are derived from the transcrustal mush underlying a nearby polygenetic volcano, or from a different batch of parental magma. To address this question, we studied a well-constrained suite of scoria samples from Gunung Slamet in Central Java, Indonesia, and its most distal monogenetic scoria cone, Gunung Loyang. Slamet is composed of calc-alkaline basalts, and has an extensive MVF on its eastern flank, similar to other Indonesian volcanoes. We analyzed the textural and chemical features of the olivine cargo in both volcanoes, including olivine- and clinopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions. These melt inclusions are the first such analyzed for volatile element contents H2O and CO2 in the Slamet-Loyang system. We applied hierarchical clustering and mass balance models to constrain the features of the olivine populations in both systems. The olivines in both volcanoes cluster in five distinct textural groups, defined by the presence or lack of zoning and resorption, and according to the type and degree of zoning they exhibit. Olivines show a range of moderate to evolved Fo\%, and they also show significant variation in nickel contents (50-1600 ppm). By estimating saturation pressures of entrapped melt inclusions, we observe that Loyang olivines are drawn from a similar petrological system as Slamet, but from a deeper (12 km.) and more mafic source. Our work suggests that monogenetic volcanoes like Loyang can be used as “petrological windows” into the deeper crustal levels of mush at composite stratovolcanoes and their associated MVFs.
Aesthetic Chills Modulate Reward Learning in Anhedonic Depression
Authors: Jain Abhinandan , Schoeller Felix , Esfand Shiba , Duda Jessica , Null Kaylee , Reggente Nicco , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Maes Pattie
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aimed to examine the potential of experiencing aesthetic chills to enhance reward learning in individuals with elevated depressive symptoms, specifically anhedonia, by investigating the effect of chills on participants’ ability to modulate behavior as a function of rewards. Methods: A total of 103 participants with elevated depressive symptoms took part in the experiment. Among them, 59 participants met the criteria for Major Depression Disorder (BDI >= 20), with 26 classified as "High Anhedonic" (HA) and 33 as "Low Anhedonic" (LA). Additionally, 39 participants without elevated depressive symptoms (BDI < 20 and SHAPs < 32) were included as the control group. We utilized ChillsDB, an open-source database of validated audiovisual stimuli known to elicit chills in the US population. Results: Anhedonic participants who experienced chills demonstrated a significant increase in response bias (p = 0.004) towards rewards compared to those who did not experience chills. However, no significant difference in reward bias was observed among LA participants. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the experience of chills has the potential to impact reward learning in anhedonic individuals, aligning with the known neurobiology of this phenomenon. These results highlight the potential of aesthetic chills as a novel approach to elicit and enhance positive affect in depressed populations.
Re-conceptualizing Merge in search for the link with brain oscillatory nature of language in biolinguistics
Authors: Hoshi Koji
Published: August 2023

This brief piece puts forth the view that re-conceptualizes the syntactic combinatorial mechanism as a higher-order function that takes two functions (= a selector function and its “argument” function) and produces a complex function. On this functional characterization of Merge, all of the elements involved in Merge are regarded as functions: lexical items (LIs) and syntactic objects (SOs) as both input and output of Merge. I claimed that this perspective of Merge is a bridging step towards further facilitating the biolinguistic mesoscopic-level investigation of the brain oscillatory nature of human language, originally launched by Murphy (2021) in the field, given that brain oscillations as physical waves can be captured by complex exponential functions/trigonometric functions in mathematical terms.
Technical report: Development of an alternative hypotheses evaluation task set
Authors: Dhami Mandeep K , Belton Ian
Published: August 2023

The main goal of this technical report is to develop a task set for conducting research on how people evaluate alternative hypotheses, without the potentially confounding effect of attitudes, knowledge or beliefs regarding a subject matter.
Perspectives about the Collaboration between Human and Artificial-Intelligence in Creative Decision-Making
Authors: Mandarano Piergiorgio
Published: August 2023

This perspective delves into the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision psychology, highlighting its potential impact on decision quality and human creativity. The authors present contrasting viewpoints regarding AI's role. Proponents emphasize its analytical capabilities, suggesting improved accuracy and data-driven decisions. Critics underscore the importance of human creativity and innovative solutions. The article explores the balance between AI's efficiency and human deliberation, touching on challenges like explainability and trust in AI systems. The collaboration between AI and human supervision is examined, underscoring the need for a synergistic approach that leverages both strengths. The authors also explore implications for neurodevelopment, ethical considerations, and the interplay between AI and human consciousness. The central theme is the delicate equilibrium between AI's utility and the essence of human ingenuity. The perspective concludes by calling for a balanced contemplation of AI's potential and limitations within the realm of human exploration and decision-making.
A Review of Counseling Research Using Single-Case Research Designs
Authors: Brown Cian L , Peltier Corey , Smarinsky Evan Cole , Lewis Olivia , Lee David
Published: August 2023

Single-case research designs (SCRDs) are a vital tool for counseling researchers to evaluate intervention effectiveness and for counselors to evaluate the impact of their treatment. The purpose of this content analysis is to provide a review of the application of SCRDs in counseling to highlight knowledge accrued and gaps in the literature. We evaluated the methodological quality and reporting of SCRDs to provide guidance that will enhance the credibility of research. We included 50 SCRDs published between 2015¬–2021 across 15 journals (out of 42 reviewed). Content results showed several trends, strengths, and areas of improvement in counseling SCRDs. We found 0 studies met the What Works Clearinghouse (2022) standards and low overall adherence to the SCRIBE indicators. We discuss how counselor researchers can enhance internal validity as part of the design process and ways to enhance transparency in reporting SCRD results.
Baseline Frontoparietal Gray Matter Volume Predicts Executive Function Performance in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment at 24-month Follow-Up
Authors: Lee Ann J. , Stark Jessica , Hayes Scott M.
Published: August 2023

Background: Executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been associated with gray matter atrophy. Prior studies have yielded limited insight into associations between gray matter volume and executive function in early and late amnestic MCI (aMCI).Objective: To examine the relative importance of predictors of executive function at 24-months and relationships between baseline regional gray matter volume and executive function performance at 24-month follow-up in non-demented older adults.Methods: 147 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean age=70.6 years) completed brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and neuropsychological testing and were classified as cognitively normal (n=49), early aMCI (n=60), or late aMCI (n=38). Analyses explored the importance of demographic, APOE-ε4, biomarker (p-tau/Aβ42, t-tau/Aβ42), and gray matter regions-of-interest (ROI) variables to 24-month executive function, whether ROIs predicted executive function, and whether relationships varied by baseline diagnostic status.Results: Across all participants, baseline anterior cingulate cortex and superior parietal lobule volumes were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance. In early aMCI, anterior cingulate cortex volume was the strongest predictor and demonstrated a significant interaction such that lower volume related to worse 24-month executive function in early aMCI. Educational attainment and inferior frontal gyrus volume were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance for cognitively normal and late aMCI groups, respectively.Conclusion: Baseline frontoparietal gray matter regions were significant predictors of executive function performance in the context of aMCI and may identify those at risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Anterior cingulate cortex volume may predict executive function performance in early aMCI.
Psychedelic Intimacy: Altered States of Consciousness in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Neubert Jonas J. , Anderson Katie , Mason Natasha
Published: August 2023

Objective: Engaging in practices of intimacy meant to develop and sustain intimacy can be beneficial for couples. Psychoactive substances such as 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have shown to facilitate bonding within couples and it is hypothesised that classic psychedelics, due to their property to increase prosocial behaviours, can similarly promote interactional intimacy. This study explores shared experiences of altered states of consciousness within romantic couples and their impact on intimacy in relationships. Participants: Twelve participants (six couples) between 19 and 29 years of age who had used psychedelics with their current partner, were recruited. Method: Qualitative data was gathered via simultaneous interviews with both members of a couple. The semi-structured interviews featured an in-depth exploration of multiple shared psychedelic experiences. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyse the resulting transcripts. Results: Three primary themes with multiple secondary themes were identified, portraying couple’s experiences during psychedelic-induced altered states of consciousness: navigating anxiety (novelty, preparation, shifting environment, and calming presence), reshaping practices (excessive worrying, spirited discussions, and straight talking), and encountering bliss (meeting the unexpected, the beauty around us, leaving the everyday behind, and breaking through). Conclusions: Couples’ experiences with classic psychedelics align with criteria for interactional intimacy (self-exposure, positive involvement, and shared understanding), but their distinct nature warrants a novel definition of psychedelic intimacy. The unique pair bonding during shared psychedelic experiences could be utilized by psychedelic-assisted couple’s therapy.
Forging Better Axes: Evaluating and Improving the Measurement of Semantic Dimensions in Word Embeddings
Authors: Boutyline Andrei , Johnston Ethan
Published: August 2023

Word embeddings are a powerful tool for measuring cultural meaning using large text corpora. In sociology, some of their most common applications estimate relationships between concepts like intelligence or disability and latent semantic axes like status or stigma. These techniques, however, are underdeveloped, with no metrics to capture axis quality and no clear understanding of what properties this quality entails. We tackle these issues by linking this task to the better-studied problem of solving analogies. This lets us identify properties relevant to axis reliability--parallelism, antonymy, and synonymy--and construct metrics to measure them. We then employ existing survey data with ratings of several hundred target terms along 23 semantic dimensions to calculate the accuracy of 23,000 axes that operationalize these 23 dimensions in embedding space. We use these accuracy ratings to evaluate our metrics. Finally, to demonstrate how our metrics can be applied in empirical research, we use them to improve a semantic axis studied in prior work.
Clergy Political Actions and Agendas: New Findings from the National Survey of Religious Leaders
Authors: Roso Joseph Charles , Chaves Mark , Keskintürk Turgut
Published: August 2023

We build on prior research about clergy’s political activities and agendas by using the National Survey of Religious Leaders (NSRL), a nationally representative survey of leaders of American religious congregations conducted in 2019-20. We find that clergy remain highly engaged in several kinds of political activities focused on a variety of issues, with substantial differences across religious traditions. Christian clergy all engage in political cue giving at similar rates. Catholic, Black Protestant, and mainline Protestant clergy typically engage in both cue giving and direct action, while evangelical clergy are much less likely than other clergy to engage in direct action. Regarding clergy issue priorities, evangelical clergy focus almost exclusively on a moral reform agenda, with a particular focus on abortion. Both mainline Protestant and Black Protestant clergy often address a social justice agenda, but Black Protestant clergy tend to focus more on community empowerment while mainline Protestant clergy are more likely than others to pursue social justice activism that seeks to transcend class and national boundaries. Catholic clergy are more likely than others to advance a wide range of issues. Taken together, these findings update and extend our knowledge about clergy political activities, broadening the traditional two-agenda characterization of clergy political agendas into a four-agenda account.
DECOLONISATION OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR EQUITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Oluwatoyin Ayodele Ajani
Published: August 2023

The transition from apartheid to democracy came with high expectations for a speedy transformation. The education system in South Africa before 1994 was rooted in segregation and inequality among the social groups that exist in South Africa. Hence, the education system post-independence has endeavoured to provide not only physical access but also epistemological access to learning for all students. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of education is to provide an impartial and comprehensive curriculum. Pre-service teacher education is a critical component of higher education in any country. Thus, the provision of teacher education within institutions of higher learning is a crucial societal force capable of advancing a curriculum that is transformative and grounded in a framework of social justice. The objective of this research is to enhance the potential for decolonising pre-service teacher education to promote equity and inclusivity, utilising social justice. The curriculum in question revitalises social justice that prioritises the significance of the individual aspects of pedagogy, the politics of diversity, and the correlation between pedagogy and agency. The utilisation of literary voices in teacher education was deemed a valuable approach in examining the potential of social justice theory as coined by Rawls (1971), to contribute to a more inclusive and equitable teacher education curriculum, guided by transformative principles for pre-service teachers. A systematic literature review of various literature sources revealed that the integration of novel concepts and topics into teacher education is critical for transformation. The integration of indigenous knowledge, history, and languages into teaching and learning will critically engage students in knowledge, power, and being. Thus, the transformative curriculum through social justice will enhance parity and inclusiveness in the delivery of educational curricula. This research contributes to the discourse on the decolonisation process for higher education, which has long been predominantly framed in Eurocentric pedagogy in South Africa. Hence, an alternative viewpoint on pre-service teacher education curriculum calls for decolonisation using social justice theory.
CloudClass: comunicación audiovirtual y futuro del aprendizaje [CloudClass: audiovirtual communication and the future of learning]
Authors: Castelló-Mayo Enrique
Published: August 2023

Tradicionalmente, la comunicación audiovisual (y más tarde audiovirtual) ha sido considerada como un elemento ajeno, e incluso hostil, a cualquier dinámica de aprendizaje, a excepción de aquellas experiencias de aprendizaje que, diseñadas por los docentes, excluían cualquier posibilidad de cocreación por parte del alumnado. El presente artículo presenta el proyecto europeo CloudClass: una herramienta, intuitiva y de bajo coste, que contribuye a la universalización del aprendizaje. Basada en un ecosistema ubicuo y en el potencial de la realidad extendida, CloudClass supera el paradigma tradicional del aprendizaje lineal y jerárquico, proponiendo múltiples flujos de aprendizaje, así como la autonomía, participación y pautado del aprendizaje por parte del alumnado, característicos del modelo de aula invertida.
Implementasi Steganografi Gambar Menggunakan Algoritma Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Khairunnisak Khairunnisak , Fahmi Gilang Miftakhul , Suhartono Didit
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the era of information technology, it is very important to protect data and information so that irresponsible parties do not misuse it. One technique for securing data is steganography. Steganography is a technique of hiding messages in a medium. One of the media for hiding messages is pictures. However, steganography techniques can still be detected by steganalysis techniques. Steganalysis is a technique for analyzing hidden messages in steganography. Therefore this study applies image processing techniques with the Generative Adversarial Network algorithm model, which aims to manipulate images so that steganalysis techniques cannot detect hidden messages. Proof of the results of applying the Generative Adversarial Network algorithm using a web-based application containing message hiding and extraction functions. The results obtained are that the Generative Adversarial Network algorithm can be applied to create mock objects, and images can revive based on training data which is a model for how the algorithm works. In addition, the results of testing the Generative Adversarial Network algorithm were successfully applied to image steganography which functions to prevent steganalysis techniques from trying to detect messages in images. Future research is expected to be able to select steganographic images other than the results from the training data model according to the original size chosen randomly according to the selection of the user.
Kedudukan Keterangan Korban Pada Agenda Pembuktian Yang Tidak Dapat Hadir Dipersidangan
Authors: Huzaifi Muchammad
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze the importance of the position of the victim whose statement will be heard in order to shed light on a crime. The type of research that the writer uses is normative legal research. The type of research in thesis writing is about the blurring of norms contained in Article 160 paragraph (1) letter b. As for this study, researchers used several approaches. statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study are that the testimony of the victim given can be of evidentiary value even though it depends on other evidence, which is different from the evidence provided by witnesses who are bound by the principle one witness no witness pursuant to Article 186 paragraph (6) of the Criminal Procedure Code.
KEWENANGAN PENYIDIKAN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA DI SEKTOR JASA KEUANGAN
Authors: Adlina Nisa Amalina
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is, first, to find out what are the legal implications of the discrepancy between Article 49 Paragraph (5) Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the Development of Strengthening the Financial Sector with Article 2 Paragraph (1) Implementing Regulation No. 5 of 2023 concerning Investigation of Criminal Acts in the Financial Services Sector. Second, to find out how to resolve the provisions of the authority to investigate criminal acts in the financial services sector. The research method used in this research is normative research which places law as a system of norms. The data collection technique in this study was to use library research and data analysis with a qualitative descriptive analytical approach. The results of this study indicate that there has been a discrepancy in Article 49 Paragraph (5) Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the Development of Strengthening the Financial Sector with Article 2 Paragraph (1) Implementing Regulation No. 5 of 2023 concerning Investigation of Criminal Acts in the Financial Services Sector which raises a legal implication, namely the existence of a conflict of norms between law Development of Financial Sector Strengthening with implementing Regulation No. 5 of 2023 concerning Investigation of Criminal Acts in the Financial Services Sector which may have an impact on legal uncertainty. As for completion of provisions on the authority to investigate criminal acts in the financial services sector, namely by applying the right to judicial review to the Constitutional Court that the provisions of Article 49 Paragraph (5) Law Development of Financial Sector Strengthening not in line with Article 30 Paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution so that this is a way out to resolve the conflict of norms that occurs between law Development of Financial Sector Strengthening with Implementing Regulation No. 5 of 2023 concerning Investigation of Criminal Acts in the Financial Services Sector.
PELAKSANAAN DIVERSI DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA ANAK PADA PENGADILAN NEGERI DI WILAYAH HUKUM PENGADILAN TINGGI PALANGKARAYA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK
Authors: SETYANA FEBDHY
Published: August 2023

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Upaya Regulatif Pemenuhan Hak-Hak Narapidana Pada Sistem Pemasyarakatan di Indonesia
Authors: Hanafi Hanafi
Published: August 2023

Berkaitan dengan latar belakang masalah yang peneliti angkat, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, pertama untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana bentuk perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia bagi narapidana pada sistem pemasyarakatan di Indonesia, dan kedua untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana upaya regulatif dalam pemenuhan hak-hak narapidana pada sistem pemasyarakatan di Indonesia. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi Ilmu Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia baik pada tatanan teoritis maupun praktis. Secara teoritis penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat untuk kepentingan pengembangan Ilmu Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia kedepan dan dapat menjadi sumber refensi bagi para peneliti selanjutnya, khususnya mengenai Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Sedangkan secara praktis, penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat untuk semua kalangan praktisi hukum terutama sebagai acuan bagi aparat penegak hukum dan institusi pemasyarakatan. Kemudian sebagai bahan masukan terhadap pihak-pihak terkait dalam proses pembuatan produk hukum dan emplementasinya.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian yang dalam pengkajiannya mengacu dan mendasarkan pada 3 (tiga) bahan hukum yaitu bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier seperti norma-norma dan kaidah-kaidah hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, teori-teori dan doktrin hukum, yurisprudensi, dan bahan-bahan kepustakaan lainnya yang relevan dengan topik penelitian yang dibahas. Bahan hukum tersebut kemudian ditafsirkan dan dianalisis guna mendapatkan kejelasan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dengan kata lain analisis bahan hukum dengan metode ini akan menemukan suatu kesimpulan yang dituangkan dalam bentuk pernyataan atau tulisan.
Urgensi Kontrak Perdagangan E-Commerce Dalam Hukum Perjanjian
Authors: Salamiah Salamiah , Ambarsari Ningrum
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the urgency of trade contracts via the Internet (e-commerce) in terms of contract law in Indonesia and the solutions for problems in implementing trade via the Internet (e-commerce). Using normative research methods, it can be concluded: 1. The agreement applies as a law for the parties who make it, meaning that the parties must comply with the agreement they made the same as obeying the law. As stated in 1320 BW, the legal terms of an agreement are essential (urgency), if the terms of the agreement are not fulfilled, then the agreement is considered null and void by law, both conventional and online, as in e-commerce agreements, 2. The presence of the Internet has changed people's perspective on shopping activities, where shopping can be done both conventionally and online through buying and selling platforms on the Internet (e-commerce). However, some things must be considered when shopping online, including additional costs, product quality, digital payments, security, and sending and returning goods. And if there are problems in implementing trade via the Internet (e-commerce), they can be resolved through two events: Litigation and non-Litigation.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TRADISI ADAT MANDI PENGANTIN (BAPAPAI) ADAT DAYAK BAKUMPAI DI BANDAR KARYA KECAMATAN TABUKAN MARABAHAN DALAM PERSFEKTIF HUKUM ADAT
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Herlina Sri , Munajah Munajah
Published: August 2023

Dayak Bakumpai traditional marriage in the traditional bridal shower (bapapai) tradition in Bandar Karya, Tabukan Marabahan sub-district in the Perspective of Customary Law in the form of bridal showers which are usually held in the front yard of the house and become a spectacle for residents. This research is empirical legal research, which means legal research that functions to see the law realistically and examine how the law works in society. The type of this research is descriptive research, where the descriptive method is used in researching the status of a group of people, an object, a condition, or a system of thought or events in the present. The bapapai tradition is an obligation that must be carried out by the bride and groom the day before the wedding celebration. In practice uses various kinds of tools and materials and contains philosophical meaning. This tradition seeks protection from Allah SWT to avoid disturbance by spirits during wedding celebrations and in household life. Society's view of the Dayak Bakumpai traditional marriage in the traditional bridal shower (bapapai) tradition in Bandar Karya, Tabukan Marabahan sub-district, is a marriage that leads to efforts to continue offspring. In contrast, the social structure leads to traditional or customary societal institutions. The procession of carrying out the bridal shower (bapapai) in the bandarkarya sub-district tabukan marabahan in the Customary Law Perspective among the adat bakumpai because the cultural procession of marriage is maintained as a norm of togetherness by each tribe. Every implementation of traditional marriages, traditional events that are carried out can be seen as a form of community education. Custom is part of the culture that determines human values. The marriage tradition in the Bakumpai Dayak Tribe is a hereditary custom passed down so that it is inherent in the Bakumpai Dayak community in the Tabukan Marabahan sub-district.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA RAHASIA DAGANG DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 30 TAHUN 2000 TENTANG RAHASIA DAGANG
Authors: Fitri Sherly Nelsa , Hasanah Usawatun
Published: August 2023

This study aims to find evidence on trade secret disputes and settling trade secret disputes in Indonesia. This research was conducted because there are many trade secret disputes in Indonesia at this time, and trade secrets have an essential role in the field of intellectual property rights, then trade secrets have the same important position as copyrights, trademarks, and designs. Global economic competition requires trade secret protection to create a healthy and dynamic economic environment. This legal research is included in normative legal research, which means research aimed at finding and formulating legal arguments through analysis of the subject matter. This research is perspective and applied, which means that this research is written according to law according to facts or legal events from the research results. Legal materials in this writing use primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The legal materials were collected through document studies, law, and case approaches and then analyzed using deduction techniques. It can be seen that for proof if it is related to a license or the transfer of ownership rights to a trade secret if at any time a dispute occurs, then there is no authentic evidence or an authentic deed in writing made before a public official who is authorized to make it so that it will be difficult to prove when faced with evidence in a confidential case trade, settlement of trade secret disputes can be carried out by way of litigation or non-litigation. However, the legal subject of trade secrets is still unclear, so when a dispute occurs, longer evidence is needed to prove who owns the trade secret.
KHULU' SEBUAH UPAYA MEMUTUSKAN IKATAN PERKAWINAN (STUDI KASUS DI PENGADILAN AGAMA GARUT)
Authors: Fajriyanti Qisthy , Farid Diana , Pakarti Muhammad Husni Adulah , Hobir Aceng , Taufik Moh Imron
Published: August 2023

This research aims to find out (1) why the husband's violation of taklik talaq becomes one of the divorces decided as a matter of khulu. (2) What considerations form the basis of the judge in accepting and deciding on the khulu' case and (3) The legal consequences arising from divorce by way of khulu. The research method used is qualitative by conducting interviews to obtain the necessary information. The data sources used were obtained from the Garut Religious Court in the form of documents and data related to this research. Based on the study's results, it was found that the reason for taklik talak being part of khulu' cannot be separated from the history of taklik talak being enforced as part of an effort to prevent the husband's arbitrariness. Next, in accepting and breaking up the divorce by way khulu cannot be separated from the suitability of the lawsuit filed, and in a divorce by way of the khulu', the opinion of the judge in his decision will be influenced by the willingness of the wife in the amount of iwadh to be paid. Implementation of divorce khulu also has inherent consequences, namely the enactment of the iddah period and there is no reconciliation except with a new contract, the obligation to pay iwadh by the wife, and the loss of the husband's obligation to provide iddah and mutʼah.
Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Jenis Psikotropika yang Dilakukan Anggota TNI (Putusan No.80-K/PM I-02/AD/VII/2018)
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Visar Thurva Naziha , Sinaga Habibie Rahman , Hamidi Baeyhaki Ekaputra
Published: August 2023

The Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) is part of society and protectors specially prepared to carry out the duties and defense of the country. In addition, the Indonesian National Army (TNI) is limited by laws and military regulations, so all actions undertaken must be based on applicable laws and regulations. To carry out specific duties and obligations, the Indonesian National Army (TNI) is educated and trained to comply with orders or decisions and carry them out appropriately and efficiently. The increase in the illicit circulation of narcotics in the territory of Indonesia is due to the lack of strictness or the lightness of the punishments imposed on dealers and users or the development of narcotics abuse and illicit trafficking not only in the general public but also in the military community, both as manufacturers, dealers and users. The illicit circulation of narcotics within the military is currently very concerning for the discipline and future of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) because it will lead to dependence on its users and hinder the implementation of its primary duties, damage the physical and mental health of military members who use narcotics, and the Criminal Code will be enforced. The Military Criminal Law, especially regarding the imposition of a sentence, but if the act is not regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code, another law that regulates it will apply. This study aims to find out the factors that cause narcotics abuse by military members and to analyze the judge's decision regarding the criminal act of narcotics abuse by members of the TNI. This study uses a normative juridical approach and is descriptive by using legal sources in the form of secondary data, in this case, bibliographical data. Data collection techniques are carried out using decision studies and searches of related documents, laws, literature, etc. The study results showed that the Military Prosecutor in the trial brought the defendant along with his identity data, and the defendant confirmed that the identity was his so that there was no wrong subject.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ ДУАЛЬНОГО НАВЧАННЯ В ЗАКЛАДИ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ОПУШКО НАДІЯ
Published: August 2023

The main disadvantage of most graduates of higher education institutions in Ukraine is the insufficient level of practical skills in their speciality, i.e. a significant gap between theory and practice in the training of future specialists in the higher education system. The relevance of this form of education lies in the fact that the student receives in-depth knowledge and skills in the chosen speciality, i.e. half of his/her study time is devoted to internships at an enterprise that may later become a place of permanent employment, which will allow not only to successfully master the curriculum, but also to gain good practical skills, establish contacts in the team, etc. Training specialists who meet the modern needs of industry is the basis of dual education.Given the development of economic processes in Ukraine, the need for post-war recovery of the national economy, there is an urgent need to modernise the system of higher vocational education in order to provide various sectors ofthe state economy with relevant specialists who meet modern market requirements. The state, togetherwith the professional and pedagogical community and business representatives, are looking for ways out of the crisis. One of such directions is the introduction of a dual education system.The article describes the prospects of dual education in higher education institutions of Ukraine and identifies the effective conditions for its implementation. The functions and tasks of the departments engaged in training specialists in the dual form are defined. The author emphasises the importance of close cooperation between the educational institution and the social partner
Evaluation of Apoptosis-Related Genes and Hormone Secretion Profiles Using Three Dimensional Culture System of Human Testicular Organoids
Authors: Abbasi Mehdi , Nikmahzar Aghbibi , Khadivi Farnaz , Koruji Morteza , Dehghan Tarazjani Masoomeh , Jahanshahi Mehrdad , Shabani Maryam , Abbasi Yasaman
Published: August 2023

Background: In reproductive biology, testicular organoids can be used to treat infertility and to study testicular development and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) differentiation. Generating organoid from primary cells is challenging. In this study, testicular organoids were created using human primary testicular cells and evaluated the apoptotic gene expression and hormone secretion profiles of the organoids. Materials and Methods: Primary human testicular cells were isolated using 2-step enzymatic digestion from three brain-dead donors. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analyses were performed to confirm human SSCs. Isolated cells were cultured in three experimental groups: control group (2 dimensional (2D)), group 1 (organoid culture after 2D culture), and group 2 (organoid culture immediately after enzymatic digestion). Testicular organoids were cultured in DMEM/F-12 media supplemented with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) for four weeks. After 24 hours and four weeks of culture, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate the relative expression of apoptotic genes (caspase 3, 9, Bax, and Bcl-2). At 24 hours, two weeks, and four weeks after culture, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to determine the testosterone and inhibin B concentrations. Light microscopy and toluidine blue staining were also used for morphological analysis. Results: RT-qPCR results revealed that pro-apoptotic (caspase 3, 9, Bax) gene expression levels were highest in group 2 after 24 h and four weeks of culture. In contrast, the expression level of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) was lower in group 2 compared to other groups. The hormone secretion levels decreased in a time-dependent manner during the cultivation. According to morphological evaluations, testicular organoids are compact, spherical structures with two to three elongated cells organized along their border. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the testicular organoid culture system maintained hormonal secretory abilities, demonstrating the function of Sertoli and Leydig cells in the absence of testis-specific environments.
The value of diffusion-weighted imaging in the natural history of meningiomas: a predictor of tumor growth
Authors: Zhang Rufei , Wang Zongmeng , Zheng Hui , Chen Xiaodan , Chen Hu , Song Yang , Liu Zijian , Xue Yunjing , Lin Lin
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

The general trend in meningioma treatment is shifting from surgery to active surveillance. However, the natural history of meningioma still needs to be clarified, and a simple, practical method is needed to identify fast-growing tumors. The authors aimed to determine whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) could be a valuable imaging modality for predicting meningioma growth.

METHODS

Consecutive asymptomatic patients with a meningioma diagnosed on MRI and followed up at the authors’ institution between July 2011 and July 2019 were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to explore whether the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) was an independent predictor of meningioma growth. Correlations between tumor growth rate (TGR), tumor volume doubling time (VDT), Ki-67, and rADC were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The predictive ability of rADC was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and validated with internal validation data.

RESULTS

Sixty-four patients (47 females, 17 males) with a mean age of 62.2 ± 1.4 years were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed that rADC was an independent predictor of meningioma growth (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that baseline rADC had good predictive power for growing meningiomas (AUC = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.96), as well as slow- or fast-growing meningiomas (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI 0.59–0.98). Moreover, rADC still had a good ability to discriminate between growing and nongrowing meningiomas in the validation set (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.64–1.00). In the 20 patients with tumor growth, baseline rADC was moderately negatively correlated with TGR (r = −0.50, p = 0.02) and strongly positively correlated with VDT (r = 0.63, p = 0.003). Moreover, Ki-67 was significantly associated with rADC in 8 patients who had undergone surgery (r = −0.75, p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

In asymptomatic meningiomas, the lower the rADC at baseline, the faster the TGR and the shorter the VDT. DWI could be a valuable tool in predicting meningioma growth in asymptomatic patients.
High-density electric source imaging patterns and outcomes following temporal lobectomy in patients with hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Limotai Chusak , Mokklaew Jeerawan , Sukaem Bussakorn , Jirasakuldej Suda , Prakkamakul Supada , Tepmongkol Supatporn , Bunyaratavej Krishnapundha
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to ascertain specific patterns of electrical source imaging (ESI) that are associated with a good surgical outcome (no seizure recurrence) using 256-channel high-density (HD) electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) who underwent temporal lobectomy.

METHODS

Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) were prospectively recruited from September 2016 to May 2020 at the authors’ center. All patients underwent phase I presurgical evaluation and were subsequently advised to proceed with surgery based on consensus from a multidisciplinary epilepsy conference, without knowing HD-ESI results. All recruited patients were followed for at least 12 months after surgery. The outcome of interest was a status of no seizure recurrence, which was assessed at the end of the study. The association between ESI patterns and outcome was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher exact test. Associated p values as well as odds ratios and 95% CIs were reported. The diagnostic performance of the significant pattern associated with the outcome was also evaluated.

RESULTS

Fifty-eight patients with known predictors for either good or worse surgical outcomes were recruited. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 33.34 (SD 13.88) months. Forty-seven patients had sufficient interictal epileptiform discharges for HD-ESI analysis. Thirteen of these 47 patients experienced seizure recurrence. The most common source localizations were at Brodmann area (BA) 20 (inferior temporal area) and BA 21 (middle temporal area). A specific ESI pattern of BA 21 without extratemporal sources was significantly associated with no seizure recurrence (p = 0.047). This pattern had a high positive predictive value of 100% and false-positive rate of 0% associated with no seizure recurrence following the surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

A specific ESI pattern that was highly associated with no seizure recurrence following surgery was demonstrated by a 256-channel HD-EEG. If this pattern can be reproducibly proven in further studies, some TLE-HS patients may be able to proceed with surgery without further investigations.
Oncolytic viral therapy: a review and promising future directions
Authors: Reddy Ramya , Yan Sandra C. , Hasanpour Segherlou Zahra , Hosseini-Siyanaki Mohammad-Reza , Poe Jordan , Perez-Vega Carlos , Chiocca E. Antonio , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: August 2023

Oncolytic viral therapy is quickly emerging as a promising subset of immunotherapy, which theoretically can target tumor cells while sparing surrounding healthy cells by harnessing the replication machinery of viruses with tropism for tumor cells, resulting in direct oncolysis, and by transforming immunologically "cold" tumor into areas that elicit the host’s immune response. This review provides an overview of oncolytic viral therapy until the present day, starting with the original concept in 1912. The general mechanism of oncolytic viruses (OVs) depends on selectively integrating them into tumor cells based on genetic engineering of viral genomic material, inducing oncolysis and eliciting the host’s innate immune response. Moreover, a major component of oncolytic viral therapy has been herpes simplex virus, with talimogene laherparepvec being the only FDA-approved oncolytic viral therapy for the treatment of melanomas. This review explores the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and therapeutic uses of several DNA and RNA viral families. A snapshot of the oncolytic viral treatments used in the most recent and advanced clinical trials is also provided. Lastly, the challenges of implementing oncolytic viral therapy are explored, both at a molecular and clinical level, with a highlight of promising future directions. In particular, the lack of an optimal delivery method based on tumor type for oncolytic viral therapy poses a significant obstacle, even in clinical studies. Intrathecal continuous delivery of OVs is a promising prospect, potentially by adapting the novel continuous irrigation and drainage IRRAflow catheter. Further exploration and testing of the IRRAflow catheter should be undertaken.
Diagnostic predictive values for sport-related concussions: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis
Authors: Dharnipragada Rajiv , Naik Anant , Denduluri Lalitha Saahiti , Bederson Maria , Akkad Adam , Cramer Samuel W. , Koester Stefan W. , Catapano Joshua S. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Snyder Laura , Arnold Paul M.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Sport-related concussions (SRCs) can cause significant neurological symptoms, and approximately 10%–15% of athletes with SRC experience a prolonged recovery. Given the lack of visible injury on brain imaging and their varied presentations, concussions can be difficult to diagnose. A variety of tests and examination methods have been used to elicit a concussion diagnosis; however, the sensitivity and specificity of these tests are variable. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of standardized tests and visible signs like balance and vision changes in the diagnosis of SRC.

METHODS

A PRISMA-adherent systematic review of concussion diagnostic examinations was performed using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases on December 1, 2022. Search terms included "concussion," "traumatic brain injury," "diagnosis," "sensitivity," and "specificity." Each method of examination was categorized into larger group-based symptomatologic presentations or standardized tools. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of concussion. Pooled specificity and sensitivity for each method were calculated using a meta-analysis of proportion and were hierarchically ranked using P-scores calculated from a diagnostic frequentist network meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Thirty full-length articles were identified for inclusion, 13 of which evaluated grouped symptomology examinations (balance and overall clinical presentation) and 17 of which evaluated established formalized tools (ImPACT, King-Devick [K-D] Test, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT]). The pooled specificity of the examination methods differed minimally (0.8–0.85), whereas the sensitivity varied to a larger degree (0.5–0.88). In a random effects model, the SCAT had the greatest diagnostic yield (diagnostic OR 31.65, 95% CI 11.06–90.57). Additionally, P-score hierarchical ranking revealed SCAT as having the greatest diagnostic utility (p = 0.9733), followed sequentially by ImPACT, clinical presentation, K-D, and balance.

CONCLUSIONS

In deciphering which concussion symptom-focused examinations and standardized tools are most accurate in making a concussion diagnosis, the authors found that the SCAT examination has the greatest diagnostic yield, followed by ImPACT, clinical presentation, and K-D, which have comparable value for diagnosis. Given the indirect nature of this analysis, however, further comparative studies are needed to validate the findings.
The evolution of stereoelectroencephalography: symbiotic progress in medical imaging and procedural technologies
Authors: Parrott Aaron , Tavakol Sherwin A. , Zieles Kristin , Jea Andrew , Desai Virendra R.
Published: August 2023

Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) was pioneered in France, at a time when cerebral anatomy was invisible to contemporaneous imaging modalities. Epilepsy surgeons relied on indirect targeting techniques to identify epileptogenic tissue. Since then, alongside the rapid rise of medical imaging technology, sEEG has experienced dramatic stepwise progress. A flurry of advancements has pushed this technique to its current-day standards, enabling neurosurgeons to access any intracranial location in a safe, highly precise, and expeditious manner. Presently, epilepsy surgeons throughout the world apply robot-assisted sEEG. Herein, the authors chronicle this incredible evolution.