bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Economic Indicators in Perspective of Energy Crisis in Pakistan
Authors: Raza Kashif , Ali Asad , Abbas Muhammad Toqeer
Published: March 2021

The present study aims to explore the theoretical relationship of energy crisis with different economic indicators. For this purpose, Secondary data have been used for the period of 2000 to 2012. The study focuses only on descriptive analysis of incorporated economic indicators and their conceptual links with energy crises phenomenon. This study is divided into two parts, 1st part presents pre crisis era for the duration of (2000-2005) and second part is considered as post crisis era from the period of (2006-2012). In this study average values of selected economic indicators are to be used and on a basis of these averages values, try to investigate the expected trend of energy crises in a future. The methodology which exists in the study is horizontal analysis of (Gross domestic product, inflation, unemployment, exports, imports, gross domestic saving, investment, GDP deflator, Govt. expenditure and Foreign direct investment for the given time period. All these variables are conceptually interlinked with energy crisis in the period of post crisis. The study proposed that Govt. of Pakistan should take initiative to control those factors (demand as well as supply side management issues that strikes as crisis in energy) for the betterment of the economy of Pakistan.
Responsiveness of Electricity Generation Towards Price Level: An Empirical Investigation From Pakistan
Authors: Najmi Hafiz Saqib Mehmood , Bashir Farrukh , Nadeem Farida
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of Electricity Generation on Price level of Pakistan’s Economy during period from 1981 to 2013. ARDL estimation technique is followed for reliable long run and short run estimates of the model. For elasticities of Price level, all variables are transformed into natural log form. Electricity Generation is discovered as declining price level while exports, money supply and external debt are increasing price level of Pakistan.
Multiculturalism In France: Overview, Problems, Conditions Of International Immigrants And Second Generation Youth In French Societies
Authors: Mughal Jahanzeb
Published: March 2021

The world has become a global village and all nationals have got opportunity to visit various parts of the world due to advancement of travelling and communication technologies for the purpose of trade, education, business or trade. Somehow, the main reason to travel for majority of population stands to earn a good earning that is creating trouble for many nations and France is among top of the list. France has emerged as a multi-cultural nation and many of its societies have been based on multi-cultural intruders. The country is thinking to tackle the issue but all in vein and inacceptable by the concerned. The illegal immigrants are demanding to be issued permanent residence of France and identification cards as per the country rules but most injured nation stands the Muslim societies. The whole Europe looks at Muslims with an eye of hatred and consider them threat to their safety especially after the 9/11 attacks on twin-towers of New York City. Our article depicts highlight on the history of establishment of France as a Multi-cultural nation and the challenges it is being faced with.
Socioeconomic Impact of Microfinance on Borrowers: A Case Study of NRSP Bank Minchanabad
Authors: Najmi Hafiz Saqib Mehmood , Bashir Farrukh , Zia Muhammad Zubair
Published: March 2021

The present study investigates impact of Microfinance (NRSP Bank) on socioeconomic status of Borrowers living in Minchanabad District, Pakistan. For this purpose, primary data of 60 respondents is collected through Questionnaire using Stratified random sampling technique. The study concludes positive influence of Microfinance on income, health, education of children, living standards and businesses of borrowers. The problems faced by borrowers are high interest rate and difficult procedure to apply for a loan.
Analysis of The Problems Faced by Newly Appointed Elementary School Educators in Pakistan
Authors: Javed Muhammad Latif , Javed Muhammad Nadeem , Ch. Asif Ali
Published: March 2021

This study critically examines the problems of newly appointed Elementary School Educators in Punjab. For this purpose a critical review of existing literature was carried out. On the basis of deeper and critical investigation into the literature, the study found that Primary School Science Educators are most depressed group after being selected as Science Educators they poorly managed without considerations of their gender differences. The Policy of Recruitment & Selection is not employee friendly, but only to fill the vacancies. There is no concept of proper transport and house facility even for young females Educators who can’t make daily comeback nor live at their work places The System of monitoring is weak and traditionally characterized having no effect and blamed as biased mechanism. The study recommended that the problems of Science Educators can be solved by making the policy more Convenient for local Educators then the vacancy filling from far-flung residents.
Impact of Cultural Advertisements on Attributes Towards Brand, Advertising And Purchase Intentions
Authors: Amjad Ayesha , Najmi Hafiz Saqib Mehmood
Published: March 2021

This paper aims at investigating the impact of cultural ads on the consumer behavior towards different products like their attributes towards brand, attribute towards advertisement and purchase intention. Culture plays very vital role while selecting the products. This paper tests the efficiency and importance of the cultural ads. Data has been collected from 160 respondents in questionnaire form. Factor analysis, ANOVA, Regression Analysis and CronBach’s Alpha were run in SPSS to verify the devised model. Significant results were deduced to enforce the hypotheses that cultural ads do have impact on attributes towards brand and attribute towards advertisement, but not for purchase intention. Further research can be conducted in this research by changing the demographics of respondents and expanding the research horizon to check the significance of cultural ads in marketing and promotion. Further aspects of culture can also included to determine how culture can have positive impact on purchase intentions.
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes: The Remission Prone Diabetes
Authors: Waddankeri Swaraj Shrikant , Swaraj Waddankeri Meenakshi , Gurushantappa Mangshetty Basavraj
Published: March 2021

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the severe acute complications of diabetes. It has long been considered a key clinical characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with severe and irreversible deficient insulin levels. Ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) has pathophysiology close to T2DM but shows signs and symptoms associated with T1DM. In general, patients with ketosis-prone diabetes display elevated glucose and ketone levels; also, a higher hemoglobin A1C than conventional T2DM. Objectives: The current research aimed to elucidate the clinical presentation and outline a management plan for KPD in the Indian population. Methods: The present case series is a descriptive, prospective, and observational case series on six unprovoked cases of KPD. They were managed using the standard protocol of DKA management. Results: The recruited cases followed a set pattern of very high insulin requirement at diagnosis. On follow-up, the insulin requirement progressively declined, and all of the cases were able to stop insulin therapy after a mean period of four weeks. None of the cases presented any organ damage at diagnosis. There was no recurrence of DKA during the two-year follow-up. All of the cases had normal liver and renal functions. Autoantibodies were negative in all of the cases. Conclusions: Ketosis-prone diabetes is the most under-recognized and under-diagnosed among all types of diabetes. Its recognition is of utmost importance as the approach of its treatment varies widely from that of the conventional type of diabetes. Proper follow-up, especially in unprovoked cases of DKA with obese phenotype, could help elucidate this rare entity of KPD where insulin can be stopped and maintain normoglycemia for a substantial period without insulin.
Exploring Interpersonal Relationship of Female Patients with Persistent Depressive Disorder: A Qualitative Study with a Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Asadollahi Fatemeh , Neshat Doost Hamid Taher , Abedi Mohammad Reza , Afshar Zanjani Hamid
Published: March 2021

Background: Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a chronic problem that is more prevalent among women than men. Various studies have revealed that these people experience many problems in their interpersonal relationships, which increase their suffering. Objectives: The present study was done to identify how people suffering from PDD experience interpersonal relationships that often seem troubled and broken. Methods: A phenomenological approach was adopted for this qualitative study. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals with PDD, focusing on exploring their experience and suffering in interpersonal relationships. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the transcripts were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological descriptive method. Results: In general, five main themes and 16 sub-themes emerged. The main themes were: (1) Feeling empty of love and compassion; (2) feeling ignored; (3) ignoring others’ needs, conditions, and suffering; (4) feeling of being annoying to others; and (5) feeling confused and helpless in relationships. Conclusions: It seems that all five themes convey the message that these individuals demonstrate less skill in feeling compassion and receiving it from others. Therefore, it appears that long-term compassion-based interventions can effectively reduce the interpersonal suffering of these individuals. It should be noted that although these themes have commonalities in different cultural contexts, the culture can influence the content and intensity of these feelings.
Potential Effectiveness of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Treating Pediatric Patients Infected with IMP-Type Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Jia Xiu-Qin , Pang Feng , Xu Juan-Juan , Xin Ming , Zhang Jian
Published: March 2021

Background: The resistance rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is increasing yearly but rarely reported in children. Objectives: This retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of isolated CRE strains in pediatric patients, intending to explore reasonable antimicrobial treatment options. Methods: Some CRE isolates were collected from infected pediatric patients in Liaocheng People’s Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. The strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted using Vitek mass spectrometry and the Vitek 2 system, respectively. The carbapenemase genotypes of blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-48 were each detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. The molecular homology analysis of strains was conducted via Pulse-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). The clinical data of CRE-infected pediatric patients were collected from the hospital’s medical data information system. Results: Twenty CRE strains were isolated from 1945 infected pediatric patients with Enterobacteriaceae. All CRE strains showed multiple resistance to commonly used antimicrobials. Twelve strains of imipenemase (IMP)-4 and seven strains of IMP-8 carbapenemase were confirmed. Besides, PFGE revealed that two strains of Escherichia coli and three of Klebsiella pneumoniae had indistinguishable patterns. Sixteen patients were cured, including 10 patients using piperacillin/tazobactam. Conclusions: This study found the major sources of resistance were IMP carbapenemases. Piperacillin/tazobactam is potentially effective for the treatment of CRE infection, despite insensitivity in vitro.
A Study on the Factor Structure, Construct Validity and Reliability of the Activities of Daily Living of Iranian Children (ADLIC) Scale
Authors: Soltaninejad Hossein , Alizadeh Zarei Mehdi , Akbarfahimi Malahat , Azad Akram , Miri Lavasani Negar
Published: March 2021

Background: The first and most basic area of occupational performance is the activities of daily living. These activities of life highly depend on the contextual and ecological (environmental) factors. Cultural values, parental expectations, social routines, and physical environment influence acquisition time of a child’s daily activities. At present, there is no comprehensive and adapted-culturally tool to evaluate the daily life activities of Iranian children aged 3 - 6 years. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factor structure, construct validity, and reliability of the Activities of Daily Living in Iranian Children (ADLIC) scale. Methods: The participants were 470 Iranian parents of children among the ages from 3 to 6. Exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were conducted for data analysis. Convergent validity was measured by correlation to the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Results: The results indicated that ADLIC has excellent reliability due to internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.96). Furthermore, the temporal stability of ADLIC was supported using the Intra-class correlations coefficient, which ranged between 0.95 and 0.98. Convergent validity between the ADLIC and two subscales of PEDI, including self-care (0.88) and mobility (0.80), was good. The ADLIC scale showed a clear factor structure with five main components and ten factors based on the findings. Conclusions: ADLIC has excellent psychometric properties, including internal consistency and temporal stability, and can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess the daily living activities of children aged 3 - 6 years.
ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ДЕЛОВОГО ДИСКУРСА
Authors:   Ивановский государственный университет, Лаврентьева Наталья Геннадьевна
Published: March 2021

Данное исследование выполнено в русле лингводидатктики и ставит своей целью разработку методических приёмов внедрения электронных сообщений в процесс обучения межкультурной деловой коммуникации при использовании кейс-технологий с учётом особенностей средств электронной коммуникации в русском и английском языках в ограниченной среде функционирования, а именно в деловом дискурсе.
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ЯЗЫКА В ЕГО МНОГОАСПЕКТНОСТИ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Михеева Любовь Николаевна
Published: March 2021

В статье, посвященной обзору основных направлений и результатов научно-исследовательской деятельности кафедры русского языка ИГХТУ, обосновывается актуальность изучения русского языка с позиций лингвокультурологии как науки комплексной и междисциплинарной, анализируются итоги проделанной работы, намечаются перспективы. Преподавателями кафедры активно разрабатываются не только теоретические, но и прикладные аспекты взаимо-связи языка и культуры, языка и мышления, языка и общества. Предлагаются современные методики обучения русскому языку с учетом его лингвокультурологических особенностей, межкультурного взаимодействия языков, что обуславливает и новые подходы к преподаванию русского языка, в том числе как иностранного.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИЗУЧЕНИИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ СТУДЕНТАМИ НЕЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный университет, Фокина Светлана Леонидовна
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности изучения профессиональной терминологии студентами нелингвистических направлений подготовки. Цель данного исследования заключалась в том, чтобы оценить уровень владения профессиональной терминологией студентов направления «Нанотехнологии и микросистемная техника», обучающихся на втором курсе Ивановского государственного университета. Материалом послужили письменные работы обучающихся, в которых им предлагались различные задания, связанные со знанием терминологии области нанотехнологий. Результаты показали, что изучение специальной терминологии в ситуации искусственного билингвизма часто вызывает значительные трудности среди студенческой аудитории. Это связано как со слабой лингвистической подготовкой студентов, так и с особенностями изучаемой терминологии: наблюдается многозначность, омонимия и синонимия терминологических единиц нанотехнологической сферы и смежных предметных областей, обобщаются основные причины изложенных выше трудностей, а также некоторые пути их преодоления.
ИНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛИЗМЫ В КОММУНИКАТИВНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ СМИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ САЙТА ИНОСМИ)
Authors:   Костанайский филиал Челябинского государственного университета, Гейко Наталья Романовна
Published: March 2021

На современном этапе процесс создания газетной статьи (печатной и онлайн) превращается в творчество, нацеленное на привлечение читательской аудитории, при котором журналисты избегают стереотипного описания происходящих событий. Одним из ярких способов выражения экспрессивности и эмоциональной оценочности для эффективного воздействия на читателя является интертекстуальность. В статье, на материале ресурса ИноСМИ, анализируются основные источники интертекстуальных высказываний, особенности их восприятия реципиентами, а также приводятся многочисленные примеры, доказывающие, что интертекстуализмы занимают значительное место в коммуникативном пространстве переводных статей сайта ИноСМИ.
ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЛЕКСИКОН КОРЕННОГО СЕЛЬСКОГО ЖИТЕЛЯ ИВАНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: ИЗ ОПЫТА ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ОПИСАНИЯ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Золина Елена Наполеоновна , Хуснутдинов Арсен Александрович ,   Ивановский государственный университет
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются теоретические и практические проблемы, связанные с лексикографической разработкой идиоматических выражений в специальном авторском словаре, в частности вопросы о принципах расположения фразеологических единиц в словаре, параметрах описания идиом, о содержании и структуре словарной статьи и др. Предлагаются некоторые способы решения этих проблем, которые были разработаны при описании фразеологического лексикона коренного сельского жителя Ивановской области.
ОМОНИМИЯ КАК ВАЖНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СООТНОШЕНИЯ ФОРМЫ И СОДЕРЖАНИЯ В ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Иванова Наталья Кирилловна , Кузьмина Римма Владимировна ,   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет
Published: March 2021

Исследование омонимии, проводимое более десяти лет на материале словарей English Pronouncing Dictionary (EPD, 1–18 изд., 1917–2012) и Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (LPD, 1–3 изд., 1990–2008), позволило установить частотность фонетических (и графических) вариантов в различных группах омонимов (омографах, омофонах, фонетико-графических омонимах, омонимичных именах собственных, омонимичных аббревиатурах), определить общее и специфическое в подходах Д. Джоунза и Дж. Уэллса к проблемам регистрации вариантности и вариативности произношения, и в частности, феномена омонимии. Кроме омонимов, рассматривались тесно связанные с ними полисемантичные и паронимичные группы как среди хорошо известных лексических единиц, так и среди неологизмов. Было установлено несовершенство лексикографической параметризации рассматриваемых явлений. Последние исследования выявили явную непоследовательность и недостаточность в регистрации как омографичных имен собственных (ИС), так и их национальных и социальных вариантов произношения, а также непоследовательность в представлении значений ИС и имен нарицательных. С использованием ресурсов Oxford English Dictionary предлагается проектный, более полный (комбинированный) словарь омографичных онимов и апеллятивов. Описывается начальный этап составления цифрового словаря и обсуждается структура лемм.
ГЛОССАРИИ К ДРЕВНЕАНГЛИЙСКОЙ ПОЭМЕ «БЕОВУЛЬФ» КАК СРЕДСТВО ПОЗНАНИЯ КУЛЬТУРЫ АНГЛОСАКСОВ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный университет, Крупина Екатерина Алексеевна
Published: March 2021

В работе представлены результаты анализа глоссариев к древнеанглийской поэме «Беовульф» Б. Торпа (1855), Э. Уайета (1894), У. Дж. Сэджфилда (1910), Р. Чемберса (1914), Ф. Клэбера (1922). Целью работы является рассмотрение макроструктуры представленных выше глоссариев. На основе лексикографического анализа были выявлены основные принципы описания имен собственных в данных справочниках. На основе статистического анализа были выявлены основные значимые элементы культуры англосаксов на примере наименований человека, а именно война, семья и родственные узы, социальные связи, тема пира, путешествия.
НАЦИОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНОЕ СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ЛЕКСИКОНА АНГЛИЙСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ СКАЗКИ
Authors:   Ивановский филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, Куражова Ирина Владимировна
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается феномен сказки, который является одним из наиболее привлекательных с точки зрения выявления культурных особенностей и значимых ценностей народа-носителя языка, поскольку именно в сказках отражается национальная специфика языковой картины мира, особенности культурного и исторического развития народа. Материалом исследования послужил лексикон английских народных сказок. Выявлены имена животных, которые отражают ценностную картину мира англичан и входят в ядро и периферию лексико-семантической группы «животные». Подчеркивается важность анализа лексикона английских народных сказок, который позволит выявить ценностные ориентиры англичан и дополнить национально-языковую картину мира англичан. Проводится анализ функционирования данных имен животных в английских народных сказках. Цель исследования заключается в лингвистическом описании целостной картины мира, отражающей особенности материальной и духовной культуры английского народа. Подобный анализ, несомненно, позволяет дополнить представление о национальном образе мира и национально-языковой картине мира англичан
ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ КРЕАТИВНОГО ПИСЬМА ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ ЯЗЫКУ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ В ВУЗЕ
Authors:   Калининградский государственный технический университет, Резникова Татьяна Николаевна , Мампе Иоанна ,   Гданьский университет, Демишкевич Елена Владимировна ,   Калининградский государственный технический университет
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются некоторые проблемы формирования навыка письменной речи у студентов-нефилологов, дается обзор методических исследований по этому вопросу, характеризуются основные методы и приемы, направленные на формирование навыка письменной речи как части речевой деятельности; рассматриваются проблемы изучения технической терминосистемы.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ КАТЕГОРИИ ЧИСЛА В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ И ЯЗЫКЕ КИТУБА
Authors:   Ивановский государственный университет, Сапожникова Ольга Валерьевна , Шарель Ледриш Зоба Байина ,   Ивановский государственный университет
Published: March 2021

В статье предлагается сопоставительный анализ категории числа в разноструктурных языках: в русском и китуба, рассматривается место данных языков в генеалогической классификации. Целью статьи авторы считают описание одинаковых и разных способов выражения категории числа у знаменательных частей речи в древнерусском и русском языках, в языках киконго и китуба, в современном русском языке и языке китуба. Особое внимание уделяется категории числа у знаменательных частей речи, исследованы слова singulariatantum и pluraliatantum, описаны случаи расхождения в образовании форм единственного и множественного в данных языках.
ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕКСТОВ ГЛЯНЦЕВЫХ ЖЕНСКИХ ЖУРНАЛОВ
Authors:   Университет «Дубна», Шимон Наталья Владимировна
Published: March 2021

Проблема, поднятая в работе, на сегодняшний день является очень актуальной. К сожалению, процесс упрощения и искажения норм русского языка неизбежен и уже необратим, так как подобные изменения отвечают требованиям современного общества, мобильного и быстро трансформирующегося, зависимого от виртуальной реальности. В статье рассматриваются негативные изменения (на наш взгляд), которые происходят в русском языке, свидетельствующие о том, что он истощается, теряет свой блеск, глубину.
ДИСЦИПЛИНА «ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕКСТЫ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ»: ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ СТЕРЕОТИПОВ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ ИНОСТРАННЫМ СТУДЕНТАМ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный университет, Вансяцкая Е.А.
Published: March 2021

Цель настоящей статьи — рассмотрение структуры дисциплины «Общественно-политические тексты на английском языке» для направления подготовки «международные отношения» исторического факультета ИвГУ. Обсуждаются особенности преподавания данного курса, целевая аудитория которого иностранные студенты. Предложены наиболее эффективные методики усвоения изучаемого материала на основе межкультурной коммуникации с учетом этнических и культурных стереотипов. Показано, что применяя различные стили поведения с учетом ситуации, культурных и психологических установок участников коммуникативного процесса, возможно преодолеть стереотипное мышление студентов средствами английского языка.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭТНОМЕТОДИКИ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА КАК ИНОСТРАННОГО ИНДИЙСКИМ СТУДЕНТАМ
Authors:   Ивановская государственная медицинская академия МЗ России, Виноградова Светлана Витальевна
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируются особенности обучения индийских студентов русскому языку как иностранному с учётом лингвосоциокультурных факторов данного контингента обучающихся. Рассматривается роль этнометодики в преподавании русского языка как иностранного. Изучается влияние лингвистических и экстралингвистических факторов на обучение студентов из Индии в российских высших учебных заведениях.
КУЛЬТУРА НАУЧНОЙ РЕЧИ КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ОБЩЕЙ РЕЧЕВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Здорикова Юлия Николаевна
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена вопросу формирования культуры научной речи аспирантов технического вуза. Цель автора — описать формы работы с научным текстом, способствующие формированию речевой культуры в целом и научной речи в частности. Методология исследования опирается на положение о тексте как целостном речевом произведении, представляющем собой структурно-смысловое единство, а также на положение о неразрывной связи культуры научной речи и общей речевой культуры личности. Автор приводит систему упражнений, связанных с лингвостилистическими особенностями научной речи, а также с научным текстом как целостным речевым произведением. В заключении делается вывод о необходимости формирования и развития культуры научной речи.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В РОССИЙСКОЙ НАУЧНОЙ СРЕДЕ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ И ВОСПРИЯТИЯ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Иванова Наталья Кирилловна
Published: March 2021

Посвящается 90-летию ИХТИ-ИГХТА-ИГХТУ В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы, связанные с распространением и восприятием среди ученых России английского языка как средства международного научного общения, а также обсуждаются вопросы, связанные с организацией обучения этому основному в настоящее время языку науки. Содержание статьи основано на материале имеющихся статистических данных, проведенных автором опросов и собственного многолетнего опыта преподавания английского языка для научной коммуникации магистрантам и аспирантам. Особое внимание уделяется социолингвистическим характеристикам владения иностранным языком и уровням компетентности в различных видах речевой деятельности
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КРЕАТИВНОЙ СРЕДЫ ГОРОДА И ПОИСК ПУТЕЙ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ КРИЗИСОВ ЛИЧНОСТНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ
Authors:   Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет, Клейман Марк Борисович
Published: March 2021

Целью данной статьи является критический анализ понятия «креативный класс», введённого в научный оборот Р. Флоридой в 2002 году. Обращается внимание на скрытое противоречие, содержащееся в данном понятии: фактически оно указывает не на социальные, а, скорее, на определённые личностные характеристики. Делается предположение о том, что ключевую роль в развитии данных личностных качеств играет социально-психологический климат того или иного поселения (в частности, города), оказывающий непосредственное влияние на развитие креативной среды. Одним из важных индикаторов развития данной среды является её роль в конструктивном разрешении кризисовличностной идентичности. Подчёркивается, что решающее влияние на ход указанных процессов может потенциально оказать развитие образовательного пространства того или иного города.
Moving dynamic principal component analysis for non-stationary multivariate time series
Authors: Alshammri Fayed , Pan Jiazhu
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes an extension of principal component analysis to non-stationary multivariate time series data. A criterion for determining the number of final retained components is proposed. An advance correlation matrix is developed to evaluate dynamic relationships among the chosen components. The theoretical properties of the proposed method are given. Many simulation experiments show our approach performs well on both stationary and non-stationary data. Real data examples are also presented as illustrations. We develop four packages using the statistical software R that contain the needed functions to obtain and assess the results of the proposed method.
Nitric oxide (NO) elicits aminoglycoside tolerance in Escherichia coli but antibiotic resistance gene carriage and NO sensitivity have not co-evolved
Authors: Ribeiro Cláudia A. , Rahman Luke A. , Holmes Louis G. , Woody Ayrianna M. , Webster Calum M. , Monaghan Taylor I. , Robinson Gary K. , Mühlschlegel Fritz A. , Goodhead Ian B. , Shepherd Mark
Published: March 2021

The spread of multidrug-resistance in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens presents a major clinical challenge, and new approaches are required to combat these organisms. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known antimicrobial that is produced by the immune system in response to infection, and numerous studies have demonstrated that NO is a respiratory inhibitor with both bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. However, given that loss of aerobic respiratory complexes is known to diminish antibiotic efficacy, it was hypothesised that the potent respiratory inhibitor NO would elicit similar effects. Indeed, the current work demonstrates that pre-exposure to NO-releasers elicits a > tenfold increase in IC50 for gentamicin against pathogenic E. coli (i.e. a huge decrease in lethality). It was therefore hypothesised that hyper-sensitivity to NO may have arisen in bacterial pathogens and that this trait could promote the acquisition of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms through enabling cells to persist in the presence of toxic levels of antibiotic. To test this hypothesis, genomics and microbiological approaches were used to screen a collection of E. coli clinical isolates for antibiotic susceptibility and NO tolerance, although the data did not support a correlation between increased carriage of antibiotic resistance genes and NO tolerance. However, the current work has important implications for how antibiotic susceptibility might be measured in future (i.e. ± NO) and underlines the evolutionary advantage for bacterial pathogens to maintain tolerance to toxic levels of NO.
Pelvic exenteration for colorectal and non-colorectal cancer: a comparison of perioperative and oncological outcome
Authors: Bogner Andreas , Fritzmann Johannes , Müssle Benjamin , Huber Johannes , Dobroschke Jakob , Bork Ulrich , Wolk Steffen , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo , Kahlert Christoph
Published: March 2021

Background

Pelvic exenteration (PE) is the only option for long-term cure of advanced cancer originating from different types of tumor or recurrent disease in the lower pelvis. The aim was to show differences between colorectal and non-colorectal cancer in survival and postoperative morbidity.

Methods

Retrospective data of 63 patients treated with total pelvic exenteration between 2013 and 2018 are reported. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative parameters, survival data, and risk factors for complications were analyzed.

Results

A total of 57.2% (n= 37) of the patients had colorectal cancer, 22.3% had gynecological malignancies (vulvar (n= 6) or cervical (n= 8) cancer), 11.1% (n= 7) had anal cancer, and 9.5% had other primary tumors. A total of 30.2% (n= 19) underwent PE for a primary tumor and 69.8% (n= 44) for recurrent cancer. The 30-day in-hospital mortality was 0%. Neoadjuvant treatment was administered to 65.1% (n= 41) of the patients and correlated significantly with postoperative complications (odds ratio 4.441; 95% CI: 1.375–14.342,P> 0.05). R0, R1, R2, and Rx resections were achieved in 65.1%, 19%, 1.6%, and 14.3% of the patients, respectively. In patients undergoing R0 resection, 2-year OS and RFS were 73.2% and 52.4%, respectively. Resection status was a significant risk factor for recurrence-free and overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed age (P= 0.021), ASA ≥ 3 (P= 0.005), high blood loss (P= 0.028), low preoperative hemoglobin level (P< 0.001), nodal positivity (P< 0.001), and surgical complications (P= 0.003) as independent risk factors for OS.

Conclusion

Pelvic exenteration is a procedure with high morbidity rates but remains the only curative option for advanced or recurrent colorectal and non-colorectal cancer in the pelvis.
Temperatur- und Perfusionsmanagement bei akuter Typ-A-Aortendissektion
Authors: Benedikt P. , Gottsberger J. , Zierer A. F.
Published: March 2021

Die chirurgische Versorgung der akuten Typ-A-Aortendissektion erfuhr in den letzten Jahrzehnten v. a. im Hinblick auf das Perfusions- und Temperaturmanagement eine ständige Entwicklung. Neurologische Komplikationen sind die Hauptursache der postoperativen Morbidität und Mortalität. Die Verwendung einer Herz-Lungen-Maschine, des Kreislaufstillstands in tiefer Hypothermie, die temporäre Unterbrechung der zerebralen Perfusion oder Hypoperfusion des Gehirns und die Manipulation an der Aorta können zu neurologischen Schäden führen. Der Kreislaufstillstand in tiefer Hypothermie ermöglicht Eingriffe an der thorakalen Aorta, die für die Sanierung einer akuten Dissektion notwendig sein können. Dies hat allerdings Limitationen: Einerseits ist die Eingriffszeit begrenzt, andererseits führt die tiefe Hypothermie selbst zu Schäden. Experimentelle und klinische Studien konnten zeigen, dass der Grad der Hypothermie einen Einfluss auf die Komplikationsrate hat. Auch über den Nutzen der retrograden Hirnperfusion besteht noch Uneinigkeit. Das Konzept des Kreislaufstillstands mit zusätzlicher Hirnperfusion, besonders wenn der Grad der Hypothermie entsprechend der erwarteten Kreislaufstillstandzeit angepasst wird, erwies sich als sichere Methode. Es ermöglicht komplexe Eingriffe an der Aorta bei geringen Komplikationsraten und wird zunehmend als Standardverfahren bei der Versorgung der akuten Typ-A-Dissektion angewandt.
Typical symptoms of common otorhinolaryngological diseases may mask a SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Weiss Roxanne , Guchlerner Leon , Loth Andreas G. , Leinung Martin , Wicker Sabine , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Berger Annemarie , Rabenau Holger F. , Ciesek Sandra , Stöver Timo , Diensthuber Marc
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates predominantly in the upper respiratory tract and is primarily transmitted by droplets and aerosols. Taking the medical history for typical COVID-19 symptoms and PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 testing have become established as screening procedures. The aim of this work was to describe the clinical appearance of SARS-CoV-2-PCR positive patients and to determine the SARS-CoV-2 contact risk for health care workers (HCW).

Methods

The retrospective study included n = 2283 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests from n = 1725 patients with otorhinolaryngological (ORL) diseases performed from March to November 2020 prior to inpatient treatment. In addition, demographic data and medical history were assessed.

Results

n = 13 PCR tests (0.6%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The positive rate showed a significant increase during the observation period (p < 0.01). None of the patients had clinical symptoms that led to a suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 before PCR testing. The patients were either asymptomatic (n = 4) or had symptoms that were interpreted as symptoms typical of the ORL disease or secondary diagnoses (n = 9).

Conclusion

The identification of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients is a considerable challenge in clinical practice. Our findings illustrate that taking a medical history alone is of limited value and cannot replace molecular SARS-CoV-2 testing, especially for patients with ORL diseases. Our data also demonstrate that there is a high probability of contact with SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in everyday clinical practice, so that the use of personal protective equipment, even in apparently “routine cases”, is highly recommended.
The association between shift work and possible obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Chen-Cheng , Lee Kuo-Wei , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Kawakami Norito
Published: March 2021

Background

Shift work is a workschedule, since industrial era and some employees work in shift. It causes a desynchronization of the biological clock with consequences on sleep amount and quality, such as insomnia and easy fatigue. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the sleep problems that are getting more and more attention, but studies on the association between shift work and OSA were rare. Herein, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between shift work and possible OSA.

Methods

This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We queried PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases using a related set of keywords. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants were adult employees hired by a company or organization; (2) exposure was shift work; and (3) outcome was possible OSA according to examination or assessment.

Results

We included six studies in the systematic review and five studies were selected for further meta-analysis. A random-effects model showed an association of shift work with a small, non-significant increase in possible OSA cases (pooled prevalence relative risk = 1.05; 95% CI 0.85–1.30; p = 0.65). This association occurred in both healthcare and non-healthcare workers group.

Conclusion

The association between shift work and possible OSA remains inconclusive and could be small if not negligible. Future studies should assess the association between specific work schedules and specific OSA definitions.

Trial registration number

PROSPERO ID: CRD42020156837
Muscular HSP70 content is higher in elderly compared to young, but is normalized after 12 weeks of strength training
Authors: Cumming K. T. , Kvamme N. H. , Schaad L. , Ugelstad I. , Raastad T.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Aging is associated with increased myocellular stress and loss of muscle mass and function. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are upregulated during periods of stress as part of the cells protective system. Exercise can affect both acute HSP regulation and when repeated regularly counteract unhealthy age-related changes in the muscle. Few studies have investigated effects of exercise on HSP content in elderly. The aim of the study was to compare muscular HSP levels in young and elderly and to investigate how training affects HSP content in muscles from aged males and females.

Methods

Thirty-eight elderly were randomized to 12 weeks of strength training (STG), functional strength training (FTG) or a control group (C). To compare elderly to young, 13 untrained young performed 11 weeks of strength training (Y). Muscle biopsies were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed for HSP27, αB-crystallin and HSP70.

Results

Baseline HSP70 were 35% higher in elderly than in young, whereas there were no differences between young and elderly in HSP27 or αB-crystallin. After the training intervention, HSP70 were reduced in STG (− 33 ± 32%; P = 0.001) and FTG (− 28 ± 30%; P = 0.012). The decrease in HSP70 was more pronounced in the oldest. In contrast, Y increased HSP27 (134 ± 1%; P < 0.001) and αB-crystallin (84 ± 94%; P = 0.008).

Conclusion

Twelve weeks of STG or FTG decreased the initial high levels of HSP70 in aged muscles. Thus, regular strength training can normalize some of the increases in cellular stress associated with normal aging, and lead to a healthier cellular environment in aged muscle cells.
The contributions of working memory domains and processes to early mathematical knowledge between preschool and first grade
Authors: De Vita Chiara , Costa Hiwet Mariam , Tomasetto Carlo , Passolunghi Maria Chiara
Published: March 2021

Working Memory (WM) plays a crucial role in supporting children’s mathematical learning. However, there is no consensus on the relative contributions of different WM domains (i.e., verbal, visuo-spatial, and numerical–verbal) and processes (i.e., low-control and high-control) to mathematical performance, specifically before and after the onset of formal education. This cross-sectional study examined the relations between WM domains and processes and early mathematical knowledge, comparing a group of children in the second year of preschool (N = 66) to a group of first graders (N = 110). Results of multigroup path analysis showed that whereas visuo-spatial low-control WM significantly predicted early mathematical knowledge only among preschoolers, verbal low-control WM was a significant predictor only among first graders. Instead, the contribution of visuo-spatial high-control WM emerged as significant for both age groups, as well as that of numerical–verbal WM, although the latter to a greater extent among preschoolers. These findings provide new insights into the WM domains and processes most involved in early mathematical knowledge at different developmental stages, with potential implications for the implementation of age-appropriate training interventions targeting specific WM skills before and after the onset of formal education.
Assessment of individual molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients with atypical BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts: recommendations by the EUTOS cooperative network
Authors: Schäfer Vivien , White Helen E. , Gerrard Gareth , Möbius Susanne , Saussele Susanne , Franke Georg-Nikolaus , Mahon François-X. , Talmaci Rodica , Colomer Dolors , Soverini Simona , Machova Polakova Katerina , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Hochhaus Andreas , Ernst Thomas
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Approximately 1–2% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients harbor atypical BCR-ABL1 transcripts that cannot be monitored by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using standard methodologies. Within the European Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS) for CML we established and validated robust RT-qPCR methods for these patients.

Methods

BCR-ABL1 transcripts were amplified and sequenced to characterize the underlying fusion. Residual disease monitoring was carried out by RT-qPCR with specific primers and probes using serial dilutions of appropriate BCR-ABL1 and GUSB plasmid DNA calibrators. Results were expressed as log reduction of the BCR-ABL1/GUSB ratio relative to the patient-specific baseline value and evaluated as an individual molecular response (IMR).

Results

In total, 330 blood samples (2–34 per patient, median 8) from 33 CML patients (19 male, median age 62 years) were analyzed. Patients expressed seven different atypical BCR-ABL1 transcripts (e1a2, n = 6; e6a2, n = 1; e8a2, n = 2; e13a3, n = 4; e14a3, n = 6; e13a3/e14a3, n = 2; e19a2, n = 12). Most patients (61%) responded well to TKI therapy and achieved an IMR of at least one log reduction 3 months after diagnosis. Four patients relapsed with a significant increase of BCR-ABL1/GUSB ratios.

Conclusions

Characterization of atypical BCR-ABL1 transcripts is essential for adequate patient monitoring and to avoid false-negative results. The results cannot be expressed on the International Scale (IS) and thus the common molecular milestones and guidelines for treatment are difficult to apply. We, therefore, suggest reporting IMR levels in these cases as a time-dependent log reduction of BCR-ABL1 transcript levels compared to baseline prior to therapy.
A knockout mutation associated with juvenile paroxysmal dyskinesia in Markiesje dogs indicates SOD1 pleiotropy
Authors: Mandigers P. J. J. , Van Steenbeek F. G. , Bergmann W. , Vos-Loohuis M. , Leegwater P. A.
Published: March 2021

A juvenile form of paroxysmal dyskinesia segregated in the Markiesje dog breed. Affected pups exhibited clinical signs of a severe tetraparesis, dystonia, cramping and falling over when trying to walk. In most cases, the presentation deteriorated within weeks and elective euthanasia was performed. Pedigree analysis indicated autosomal recessive inheritance. Genome-wide association and homozygosity mapping of 5 affected dogs from 3 litters identified the associated locus on chromosome 31 in the region of SOD1. The DNA sequence analysis of SOD1 showed that the patients were homozygous for a frameshift mutation in the fourth codon. None of the other analyzed dogs of the breed was homozygous for the mutation, indicating full penetrance of the genetic defect. Mutations in SOD1 are known to cause recessive degenerative myelopathy in middle-aged dogs with low penetrance and dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in humans with variable age of onset. Our findings are similar to recent observations in human patients that a loss of function mutation in SOD1 leads to a juvenile neurologic disease distinct from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
The wind of change in the management of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in childhood
Authors: Gimpel Charlotte , Bergmann Carsten , Mekahli Djalila
Published: March 2021

Significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), quantifying disease manifestations in children, exploring very-early onset ADPKD as well as pharmacological delay of disease progression in adults. At least 20% of children with ADPKD have relevant, yet mainly asymptomatic disease manifestations such as hypertension or proteinuria (in line with findings in adults with ADPKD, where hypertension and cardiovascular damage precede decline in kidney function). We propose an algorithm for work-up and management based on current recommendations that integrates the need to screen regularly for hypertension and proteinuria in offspring of affected parents with different options regarding diagnostic testing, which need to be discussed with the family with regard to ethical and practical aspects. Indications and scope of genetic testing are discussed. Pharmacological management includes renin-angiotensin system blockade as first-line therapy for hypertension and proteinuria. The vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan is licensed for delaying disease progression in adults with ADPKD who are likely to experience kidney failure. A clinical trial in children is currently ongoing; however, valid prediction models to identify children likely to suffer kidney failure are lacking. Non-pharmacological interventions in this population also deserve further study.