bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kurikulum Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Berbasis Akhlak Al-Karîmah Pesantren Darussyifa Al-Fitrah Sukabumi
Authors: Melani Lani , Hafidhuddin Didin , Syafri Ulil Amri
Published: November 2018

Pesantren Darussyifa Al-Fitrah Sukabumi already implementing a curriculum that combines akhlaq formation with entrepreneurship, especially for the female students, with the aim to produce graduates who are steadfast to the teachings of Islam and have an entrepreneurial spirit. This study tried to evaluate, analyze, and develop the implementation of the existing curriculum at the school in order to further strengthen akhlaq and entrepreneurial abilities of the female students. This study used a qualitative approach to the field, which is a combination of research conducted between objects of research conducted directly in the study area, combined with the research literature. In this case the researchers are trying to record the activities that occur in Pesantren Al-Fithrat Darussyifa Sukabumi, observing and collecting data from both direct and indirect sources. Furthermore, these results were analyzed based on the theories of existing experts. In addition, the researchers also tried to formulate the concept of entrepreneurship education curriculum based akhlaq al-karîma which is suitable to the female students at Pesantren Al-Fitrah Darussyifa Sukabumi. The results of this study showed that Pesantren Darussyifa Al-Fitrah Sukabumi already do the maximum to implement entrepreneurship education curriculum for the female students. In this case has been supported by exemplary models, coaching programmed, as well as the existing infrastructure. But researchers see there is still a weak point in terms of curriculum content, the process of implementation, and evaluation of the curriculum can be developed better.

Keyword: education, entrepreneurship, exemplary model, female students
Relevansi Pemikiran Sosiologi Islam Ali Syariati dengan Problematika Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Sari Zamah , Saefudin Didin , Husaini Adian
Published: November 2018

Ikhtiar Ali Syariati untuk membangun konstruksi keilmuan sosiologi Islam ternyata kemudian membawanya untuk bersentuhan dengan dunia pendidikan. Bahwa problem dikhotomi ilmu pengetahuan itu harus diselesaikan melalui upaya serius merekontruksi dunia pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap relevansi pemikiran sosiologi Islam Ali Syariati dengan problematika pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Paling tidak ada 4 (empat) pertanyaan penelitian yang diajukan; pertama, apa yang menjadi landasan pemikiran sosiologi Islam Ali Syariati ?; kedua, apa yang telah dihasilkan dalam pemikiran sosiologi Islam Ali Syariati ?; ketiga, apa yang menjadi problematika pendidikan Islam di Indonesia ?; dan, keempat, bagaimana relevansi pemikiran sosiologi Ali Syariati dengan problematikan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia ?

Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan metode library research. Hasilnya, peneliti menemukan 4 (empat) temuan, yaitu; pertama, pemikiran sosiologi Islam Ali Syariati yang didasari oleh Tauhid sangat relevan dengan upaya peneguhan menjadikan tauhid sebagai basis dan praksis pendidikan Islam di Indonesia; kedua, pemikiran sosiologi Islam Ali Syariati relevan sekali dengan upaya umat Islam dan bangsa Indonesia dalam mengembangkan pendidikan karakter; ketiga, pemikiran sosiologi islam Ali Syariati ini memberi alternative solusi dan pemerkayaan  bagi pendidikan Islam di Indonesia untuk terus melakukan islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan; keempat, relevansinya dengan upaya membangun pendidikan Islam di Indonesia yang harus terus diorientasikan dengan aksi, sehingga mendorong terjadinya perubahan yang berkesinambungan, baik untuk dunai pendidikan, keilmuan, dan kehidupan masyarakat dan kebudayaan.
Konsep Pendidikan Wirausaha bagi Anak Panti Asuhan dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kemandirian Anak
Authors: Mubarok Zahid , Hafidhuddin Didin , Tanjung Hendri , Tamam Abbas Mansur
Published: November 2018

Jurnal ini difokuskan pada konsep pendidikan wirausaha dalam menjalankan kegiatan pendidikan dan pembinaan bagi anak panti asuhan di Panti Asuhan Yatim Muhammadiyah Bojonegoro Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep pendidikan wirausaha bagi anak panti asuhan dan pengaruhnya terhadap kemandirian anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode gabungan antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, instrumen utamanya adalah pedoman wawancara dan angket, dengan sumber datanya adalah pengurus panti dan anak asuh Panti Asuhan Yatim Muhammadiyah Bojonegoro Jawa Timur. Analisis statistik menggunakan statistik deskriptif, inferensial korelasional dan regresi, untuk mendeskripsikan kemandirian anak, dan menganalisis hubungan serta kontribusi antar variabel. Temuan penelitian ini dari analisis korelasi dan regresi ditemukan, terdapat pengaruh yang berarti dari seluruh variabel baik sendiri-sendiri maupun bersama-sama terhadap kemandirian anak. Temuan tersebut membawa implikasi perlunya peningkatan mutu seluruh variabel untuk mencapai kemandirian anak. Ada beberapa rekomendasi untuk PAY Muhammadiyah Bojonegoro: (1) agar membenahi administrasi dan dokumentasi yang lengkap supaya mudah mengetahui perkembangan PAY dan dapat diakses dari berbagai kalangan yang lebih luas, (2) menyusun Kurikulum secara lengkap dalam proses pendidikan dan pembinaan kepada anak asuh  di berbagai sektor agar dapat dijadikan model pendidikan wirausaha, (3) menelusuri alumni anak asuh setelah selesai pendidikan.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF METASTABLE FLOW OF REFRIGERANT R-22 THROUGH CAPILLARY TUBE
Authors: Abed Esam M , Fathi Ammar A K
Published: November 2018

This study presents an experimental investigation of metastable region take place forrefrigerant flow through adiabatic and non-adiabatic capillary tube of window type airconditioner. Large numbers of experiments are carried out to explain the effect of length ofstraight and helical capillary tube on metastable region under adiabatic and non-adiabaticconditions. for the case of adiabatic capillary tube, three different length are selected(70,100 and 150) cm and two helical capillary tube, the length of each tube is 100 cm withtwo coil diameters (2 and 6) cm. For the non-adiabatic capillary tube, the straight capillarytube suction line is 150 cm while the length of non-adiabatic helical capillary tube is 200 cmwith 8 cm coil diameter. The results show that the length is the most influence parameterson beginning of metastable region. In addition the helical coil tube effect on the beginningof metastable region. As well as for the adiabatic and non-adiabatic capillary tube it isconcluded that mass flow rate is the main parameters on beginning of metastable region.Also effect of length and coiling on both pressure drop and mass flow rate are discussed.The CFD commercial code, ANSYS CFX 16.1 based on finite volume method using Kturbulencemodel considering the homogeneous flow between phases applied to straightcapillary tube. The present numerical data has been validated with the present workexperimental data and with other researchers. A good agreement is obtained which can belead to use ANSYS CFX 16.1 in the design and optimization of capillary tube in airconditioner.
CORROSION – BUCKLING INTERACTION OF 6061-T4 AL ALLOY FIXED – PINNED COLUMNS – EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Al-alkawi Husain J , Hanfesh Abduljabbar O , Ajaj Hussein F
Published: November 2018

Compression buckling experimental tests was carried out for long and intermediatecolumns made of 6061-T4 AL- alloy. Two different soil corrosion time were adopted i.e.30days and 60 days using 27 samples. The experimental analysis revealed that increasing thecorrosion time negatively affects the mechanical properties of metals such as the specimensof 60 days corroded have 1.68% reduction in ultimate strength, also increasing the corrosiontime reduces the critical load such as the maximum reduction was 4.24% in critical bucklingload for 60 days corrosion time. Perry-Robertson theory was applied to the experimentaldata and it was found that the above theory can satisfactory predicted the critical bucklingload (Pcr) with a factor of safety equal to 1.2. The ratio of corroded Pcr to dry Pcr wasalways less than unity. This indication explains the effect of pitting corrosion on bucklingbehavior of 6061-T4 AL- alloy
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF NATURAL CONVECTION BETWEEN TILTED WALLS WITH ATTACHED FINS
Authors: Jehhef Kadhum A , Al Abas Siba Mohamed A
Published: November 2018

The free convection between two tilted adiabatic plates with centered heated horizontalcylinder with attached plate fin was investigated experimentally and numerically. Theexperimental rig constructed from vertical adiabatic was filled with air plates with aspectratio of (A= 12) tilted by angles of (15o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 75o, and 90o). A horizontal heatedcylinder with diameter of (16 cm) subjected under constant heat flux of (100, 500, 700, and1000 W/m2), the Rayleigh number ranging from (3.5 ×107 to 4.5 ×109). At the bottom of therig left an opining with distance of (2, 4, 6, and 8 cm) but the upper left open to theatmosphere. The tested cases was of (without fin, smooth, triangular, square, and semi-circlefin) was attached to the right wall of the cavity. The numerical solution of the case wasperformed by solving the governing equations by ANSYS-FLUENT 14.0 package thatdependent upon the finite volume method. The experimental results show that the Nusseltnumber increases with increasing Rayleigh number, decreasing the inclination angle,increasing heat flux and with increasing the bottom opining distance. Basically, the resultsshowed that the using fins with any geometry will lead to increase the heat transfer rate. Theoptimum increasing in the Nusselt number was found by using triangular plat fin. Finally,the experimental data was compared with a numerical calculation and found that there is agood agreement in the same conditions.
El derecho a la confrontación en Puerto Rico: de Guerrido López hasta Williams vs. Illinois
Authors: Neptune Rivera Vivian I.
Published: November 2018

El derecho a la confrontación en Puerto Rico: de Guerrido López hasta Williams vs. Illinois
Procedimientos preliminares y prueba anticipada como instrumentos para la decisión temprana de los conflictos
Authors: Omar Berizonce Roberto
Published: November 2018

Procedimientos preliminares y prueba anticipada como instrumentos para la decisión temprana de los conflictos
Justicia restaurativa y principio de oportunidad ¿Mediación en el proceso penal?
Authors: Armenta Deu Teresa
Published: November 2018

Justicia restaurativa y principio de oportunidad ¿Mediación en el proceso penal?
Regulación de las cláusulas escalonadas en colombia: ¿contradicción de principios entre el derecho procesal y el arbitraje?*
Authors: Rosero Espinosa Nicolás Esteban
Published: November 2018

Regulación de las cláusulas escalonadas en colombia: ¿contradicción de principios entre el derecho procesal y el arbitraje?*
Las cautelas innominadas en el proceso laboral colombiano: instrumento de la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva
Authors: León Moreno Edith Nathali , Mayorga Camacho Jenny Marcela
Published: November 2018

Las cautelas innominadas en el proceso laboral colombiano: instrumento de la tutela jurisdiccional efectiva
Incorporación de la prueba cibernética e informática: electrónica y digital
Authors: Díaz Limón Jaime Alberto
Published: November 2018

Los Tribunales y postulantes se enfrentan de forma cotidiana a la compleja labor de la incorporación de medios de convicción que provienen de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comuni- cación; lo anterior, deriva de la falta de legislación precisa y oportuna en materia de ofrecimiento, desahogo y valoración, así como el trabajo procesal de la conservación forense. Asimismo, impera el uso de sinónimos por lo que refiere a la prueba electrónica y digital, lo que esfuma la claridad para que el juez cuente con reglas claras para su revisión. El presente artículo tiene su base en un método deductivo y hermenéutico que pretende generar ruptura en la ideología dominante y rescatar el valor epistemológico del concepto “documento”. Asimismo, propone un estudio etimológico sobre el concepto de pruebas cibernéticas, informáticas, electrónicas y digitales, los principios fundamentales para su incorporación y una vía adecuada, jurídico-técnica, para su debida valoración.
CADUCIDAD DE LA ACCIÓN CONTRACTUAL CUANDO LA LIQUIDACIÓN DEL CONTRATO ES POSTERIOR A LA OPORTUNIDAD LEGAL
Authors: Martínez Benavides Nicolás Enrique
Published: November 2018

Este artículo estudia la caducidad de la acción de controversias contractuales cuando el contrato es liquidado por fuera de las oportunidades legales para su adopción bilateral o unilateral. El estudio inicia con un análisis de las posiciones encontradas al interior de la Sección Tercera del Consejo de Estado respecto al objeto de estudio. Posteriormente, el artículo finaliza señalando que una eventual unificación jurispru- dencial debería acoger la tesis que contabiliza el término de caducidad a partir de la ejecutoria del acto de liquidación. Esto debido a que es una tesis garantista de los derechos de acceso a la administración de justicia e igualdad, y porque la tesis contraria desborda el ámbito de aplicación de la norma.
Analisis Pengaruh Sumber Daya Manusia, Infrastruktur Ekonomi Dan Social Capital Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Kabupaten Lampung Timur
Authors: Mustofa Ahmad , Dede Dede
Published: November 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh sumber daya manusia, infrastruktur ekonomi, dan social capital terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini 2008-2017 dari 24 wilayah kecamatan di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan Analisis Panel Data. Hasil penelitian ini mendapati bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara jumlah usia produktif, infrastruktur jalan dan konsumsi listrik sedangkan untuk jumlah lulusan SLTA dan konsumsi air bersih penduduk tidak mempunyai pengaruh dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Lampung Timur. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi Pemerintah Daerah (Pemda) untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat di Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Optimalisasi SDM dan usaha meningkatkan infrastuktur serta pemberdayaan social capital mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah, sehingga akan mempengaruhi efesiensi dan kelancaran kegiatan ekonomi pada sektor lain
Breeding Low-Cadmium Wheat: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zaid Imdad Ullah , Zheng Xin , Li Xiaofang
Published: November 2018

Farmland cadmium (Cd) contamination has adverse impacts on both wheat grain yield and people’s well-being through food consumption. Safe farming using low-Cd cultivars has been proposed as a promising approach to address the farmland Cd pollution problem. To date, several dozen low-Cd wheat cultivars have been screened worldwide based on a Cd inhibition test, representing candidates for wheat Cd minimization. Unfortunately, the breeding of low-Cd wheat cultivars with desired traits or enhanced Cd exclusion has not been extensively explored. Moreover, the wheat Cd inhibition test for variety screening and conventional breeding is expensive and time-consuming. As an alternative, low-Cd wheat cultivars that were developed with molecular genetics and breeding approaches can be promising, typically by the association of marker-assisted selection (MAS) with conventional breeding practices. In this review, we provide a synthetics view of the background and knowledge basis for the breeding of low-Cd wheat cultivars.
AlGaN Ultraviolet Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetectors with Reduced Graphene Oxide Contacts
Authors: Pandit Bhishma , Cho Jaehee
Published: November 2018

AlGaN semiconductors are promising materials in the field of ultraviolet (UV) detection. We fabricated AlGaN/GaN UV metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodiodes with two back-to-back interdigitated finger electrodes comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO showed high transparency below the wavelength of 380 nm, which is necessary for a visible-blind photodetector, and showed outstanding Schottky behavior on AlGaN. As the photocurrent, dark current, photoresponsivity, detectivity, and cut-off wavelength were investigated with the rGO/AlGaN MSM photodiodes with various Al mole fractions, systematic variations in the device characteristics with the Al mole fraction were confirmed, proving the potential utility of the device architecture combining two-dimensional materials, rGO, and nitride semiconductors.
Designing Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxides and Two-Dimensional Magnetic Nano-Nets of Cobalt Ferrite through a Novel Approach
Authors: Saber Osama , Aljaafari Abdullah , Asiri Sarah , Batoo Khalid M.
Published: November 2018

The present study has a dual aim of supporting magnetic nanoparticles over the nanolayers of LDHs and designing two-dimensional magnetic nano-nets of cobalt ferrite. In this trend, nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 were prepared and supported by Co-Fe LDH through urea hydrolysis. The nanolayered structures of Co-Fe LDH were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, FT-IR spectra, thermal analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, they indicated that 13.2% CoFe2O4 were supported over Co-Fe LDH. Transformation of the nanolayered structures of Co-Fe LDH to nano-nets was achieved by the catalytic effect of the supported CoFe2O4 nanoparticles through solvent thermal technique. X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the transformation of the supported Co-Fe LDH to nano-nets of cobalt ferrite. In order to indicate the effect of the LDH for designing the nano-nets, nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite were prepared by the same technique without LDH. The magnetic behavior of the nano-nets and the supported Co-Fe LDH were measured and compared with the nanoparticles through vibrating sample magnetometer technique. The magnetic parameters indicated that the prepared nano-nets have ferromagnetic behavior and high coercivity. However, the prepared nanoparticles revealed a superparamagnetic state and low coercivity. The experimental results concluded that the incorporation of nanoparticles with nanowires into nano-net structures has been found to be an efficient way to improve their magnetic properties and prevent their agglomerations. Finally, layered double hydroxides are an important source for constructing magnetic nanolayered structures and nano-nets.
Lanthanum-Containing Magnesium Alloy with Antitumor Function Based on Increased Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Shuai Cijun , Liu Long , Yang Youwen , Gao Chengde , Zhao Mingchun , Yi Lu , Peng Shuping
Published: November 2018

Developing antitumor implants is of great significance to repair tumor-induced bone defects and simultaneously prevent bone tumor recurrence. The tumor cells, compared to normal cells, have a high reactive oxygen species level. They are vulnerable to oxidative insults under increased intrinsic oxidative stress. The lanthanum (La) ion with high phospholipid binding ability can open the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which blocks the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, and consequently increases reactive oxygen species level. In this study, La was alloyed to Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr (ZK60) through selective laser melting technology. The results indicated that the mitochondrial membrane potential dropped whilst the reactive oxygen species increased as the La content increased. ZK60-1.0La revealed a high cell inhibition rate of 61.9% for bone tumor cell and high cell viability of 91.9% for normal cells, indicating that the alloy could induce bone tumor cell death, as well as exhibit good biocompatibility for normal cell. In addition, its degradation rate 1.23 mm/year was lower than that of ZK60 alloy 2.13 mm/year, which was mainly attributed to the grain refinement.
Step-Climbing Tactics Using a Mobile Robot Pushing a Hand Cart
Authors: Ikeda Hidetoshi , Kawabe Takuya , Wada Ryousuke , Sato Keisuke
Published: November 2018

The present paper describes step-climbing tactics using a wheeled robot and a hand cart that has a hand brake. The robot has two arms that are used to hold or push the handle of the cart and a lower extendable wheel mechanism that can push against the bottom of the cart. Some of the manipulator joints are controlled passively when moving over the step. To lift the front wheels of the cart, the robot holds the handle steady and pushes against the bottom of the cart using the extendable wheel mechanism. This action is similar to that performed by a human. The robot then pushes the entire cart forward so that the front wheels of the cart are above the step. When the rear wheels of the cart have climbed the step, the upper-arm links of the manipulators are pressed against the robot chest to allow the robot to push the cart. When the cart has fully climbed the step, the robot then uses the cart to climb the step. The present paper describes the details of the robot system, and theoretical analyses were performed to determine the requirement of masses and the centers of gravity of both vehicles to lift the cart. Experiments were also carried out in which the robot was controlled using an intranet connection, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Dynamic Coupling Analysis for All-Wheel-Drive Climbing Robot Based on Safety Recovery Mechanism Model
Authors: Xu Fengyu , Jiang Quansheng , Lv Fan , Wu Mingliang , Zhang Laixi
Published: November 2018

Cable is one of the most important parts on cable-stayed bridges. Its safety is very important. The aim of this study is to design an all-wheel-drive climbing robot based on safety recovery mechanism model for automatic inspection of bridge cables. For this purpose, a model of a three-wheel-drive climbing robot with high-altitude safety recovery mechanism is constructed and the basic performances such as climbing ability and anti-skidding properties are analyzed. Secondly, by employing the finite element method, natural frequency of the robot is calculated and that of a cable with concentrated masses is obtained through use of the Rayleigh quotient. Based on the mentioned quantities, the dynamic characteristics of the robot–cable system are further analyzed. In order to verify the climbing ability of the designed robot, a prototype of the robot is made, a robot testing platform is established and the climbing & loading experiments of the robot are carried out. The experiment results illustrated that the robot can carry a payload of 10 kg and safely return along the cable under the influences of inertial force.
Photocontrollable Mixed-Valent States in Platinum-Halide Ladder Compounds
Authors: Ohara Jun , Yamamoto Shoji
Published: November 2018

Employing a two-orbital extended Peierls–Hubbard model, we demonstrate the photomanipulation of mixed-valent states in platinum-halide ladder compounds. There are two types of interchain valence arrangements, namely in-phase and out-of-phase types. The conversion of the in-phase structure to the out-of-phase structure is induced by photoirradiation, which is accelerated with increasing light intensity, while the reverse process hardly occurs. The out-of-phase arrangement is highly stabilized in the photoexcited states by the interchain electron transfer.
Application of POCOP Pincer Nickel Complexes to the Catalytic Hydroboration of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chang Jiarui , Liu Ting , Cao Bula , Ding Yazhou , Chen Xuenian
Published: November 2018

The reduction of CO2 is of great importance. In this paper, different types of bis(phosphinite) (POCOP) pincer nickel complexes, [2,6-(R2PO)2C6H3]NiX (R = tBu, iPr, Ph; X = SH, N3, NCS), were applied to the catalytic hydroboration of CO2 with catecholborane (HBcat). It was found that pincer complexes with tBu2P or iPr2P phosphine arms are active catalysts for this reaction in which CO2 was successfully reduced to a methanol derivative (CH3OBcat) with a maximum turnover frequency of 1908 h−1 at room temperature under an atmospheric pressure of CO2. However, complexes with phenyl-substituted phosphine arms failed to catalyze this reaction—the catalysts decomposed under the catalytic conditions. Complexes with iPr2P phosphine arms are more active catalysts compared with the corresponding complexes with tBu2P phosphine arms. For complexes with the same phosphine arms, the catalytic activity follows the series of mercapto complex (X = SH) ≈ azido complex (X = N3) >> isothiocyanato complex (X = NCS). It is believed that all of these catalytic active complexes are catalyst precursors which generate the nickel hydride complex [2,6-(R2PO)2C6H3]NiH in situ, and the nickel hydride complex is the active species to catalyze this reaction.
Antiproliferative Activity and Molecular Docking of Novel Double-Modified Colchicine Derivatives
Authors: Majcher Urszula , Klejborowska Greta , Moshari Mahshad , Maj Ewa , Wietrzyk Joanna , Bartl Franz , Tuszynski Jack A. , Huczyński Adam
Published: November 2018

Microtubules are tubulin polymer structures, which are indispensable for cell growth and division. Its constituent protein β-tubulin has been a common drug target for various diseases including cancer. Colchicine has been used to treat gout, but it has also been an investigational anticancer agent with a known antimitotic effect on cells. However, the use of colchicine as well as many of its derivatives in long-term treatment is hampered by their high toxicity. To create more potent anticancer agents, three novel double-modified colchicine derivatives have been obtained by structural modifications in C-4 and C-10 positions. The binding affinities of these derivatives of colchicine with respect to eight different isotypes of human β-tubulin have been calculated using docking methods. In vitro cytotoxicity has been evaluated against four human tumor cell lines (A549, MCF-7, LoVo and LoVo/DX). Computer simulations predicted the binding modes of these compounds and hence the key residues involved in the interactions between tubulin and the colchicine derivatives. Two of the obtained derivatives, 4-bromothiocolchicine and 4-iodothiocolchicine, were shown to be active against three of the investigated cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, LoVo) with potency at nanomolar concentrations and a higher relative affinity to tumor cells over normal cells.
MHD Free Convection and Entropy Generation in a Corrugated Cavity Filled with a Porous Medium Saturated with Nanofluids
Authors: Chamkha Ali J. , Selimefendigil Fatih
Published: November 2018

MHD free convection inside a triangular-wave-shaped corrugated porous cavity with Cu-water nanofluid is numerically studied with the finite element method. The influences of the Grashof number ( 10 4 ≤ Gr ≤ 10 6 ), Hartmann number ( 0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50 ), Darcy number ( 10 − 4 ≤ Da ≤ 10 − 1 ) and solid volume fraction of the nanoparticle ( 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05 ) on the convective flow features are examined. It is observed that increasing the Grashof number and Darcy number enhances the heat transfer, while the effect is opposite for the Hartmann number. As the corrugation frequency of the triangular wave increases, the local and averaged heat transfer rates decrease, which is more effective for higher values of Grashof and Darcy numbers. Normalized total entropy generation increases as the Darcy number and solid volume fraction of the nanoparticles increase and decreases as the Hartmann number increases both for flat and corrugated wall configurations.
Mechanical Fault Diagnosis of HVCBs Based on Multi-Feature Entropy Fusion and Hybrid Classifier
Authors: Wan Shuting , Chen Lei , Dou Longjiang , Zhou Jianping
Published: November 2018

As high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) are directly related to the safety and the stability of a power grid, it is of great significance to carry out fault diagnoses of HVCBs. To accurately identify operating states of HVCBs, a novel mechanical fault diagnosis method of HVCBs based on multi-feature entropy fusion (MFEF) and a hybrid classifier is proposed. MFEF involves the decomposition of vibration signals of HVCBs into several intrinsic mode functions using variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the calculation of multi-feature entropy by the integration of three Shannon entropies. Principle component analysis (PCA) is then used to reduce the dimension of the multi-feature entropy to achieve an effective fusion of features for selecting the feature vector. The detection of an unknown fault in HVCBs is achieved using support vector data description (SVDD) trained by normal-state samples and specific fault samples. On this basis, the identification and classification of the known states are realized by the support vector machine (SVM). Three faults (i.e., closing spring force decrease fault, buffer spring invalid fault, opening spring force decrease fault) are simulated on a real SF6 HVCB to test the feasibility of the proposed method. The detection accuracies of the unknown fault are 100%, 87.5%, and 100% respectively when each of the three faults is assumed to be the unknown fault. The comparative experiments show that SVM has no ability to detect the unknown fault, and that one-class support vector machine (OCSVM) has a weaker ability to detect the unknown fault than SVDD. For known-state classification, the adoption of the MFEF method achieved an accuracy of 100%, while the use of a single-feature method only achieved an accuracy of 75%. These results indicate that the proposed method combining MFEF with hybrid classifier is thus more efficient and robust than traditional methods.
Zero Standby Solutions with Optical Energy Harvesting from a Laser Pointer
Authors: Gerber Daniel L. , Meier Alan , Hosbach Robert , Liou Richard
Published: November 2018

Despite recent efforts to reduce standby power consumption in plug loads, new trends in the miniaturization and wide distribution of electronics necessitates devices with zero standby consumption. This work introduces two zero standby solutions that wake a device using an external input of energy harvested from a 5 mW laser pointer. These solutions are applicable to electronics that are remotely activated or have a fiber optic connection. The first utilizes a cascoded header switch to allow for simultaneous low-voltage harvesting and high-voltage blocking. The second involves the use of a charge pump to boost the harvested voltage to a level appropriate for the gate of a high-voltage switch. Prototypes for each method are developed in order to demonstrate functionality and identify the associated benefits and drawbacks. The results show that combining the two methods allows for optimal activation range (up to 25 m) and component count.
Prototype Co-Pyrolysis of Used Lubricant Oil and Mixed Plastic Waste to Produce a Diesel-Like Fuel
Authors: Phetyim Natacha , Pivsa-Art Sommai
Published: November 2018

The co-pyrolysis of used lubricant oil blended with plastic waste, namely high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), to produce a diesel-like fuel was studied. The proportions of the raw materials were optimized using laboratory scale pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure at a final temperature of 450 °C without a catalyst. The ratios of used lubricant oil (Oil) and plastic waste (Oil:HDPE:PP:PS) investigated were 50:30:20:0, 50:30:0:20, 50:0:30:20, and 50:30:10:10 by weight. It was found that the oil produced using an Oil:HDPE:PP:PS ratio of 50:30:20:0 exhibited most of the properties of standard diesel oil as specified by the Ministry of Energy (Thailand), except for its flash point, which was lower than the standard. Therefore, this proportion was utilized for the scaled-up testing in the co-pyrolysis prototype (10 kg/day). Three reactor temperature ranges (less than 400 °C, 400–425 °C, and 425–450 °C) were studied, and the properties of the oil products were analysed. The oil products produced at 400–425 °C exhibited diesel-like fuel properties.
POD Analysis of Entropy Generation in a Laminar Separation Boundary Layer
Authors: Jin Chao , Ma Hongwei
Published: November 2018

Separation of laminar boundary layer is a great source of loss in energy and power machinery. This paper investigates the entropy generation of the boundary layer on the flat plate with pressure gradient. The velocity of the flow field is measured by a high resolution and time related particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. A method to estimate the entropy generation of each mode extracted by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is introduced. The entropy generation of each POD mode caused by mean viscous, Reynolds normal stress, Reynolds sheer stress, and energy flux is analyzed. The first order mode of the mean viscous term contributes almost 100% of the total entropy generation. The first three order modes of the Reynolds sheer stress term contribute less than 10% of the total entropy generation in the fore part of the separation bubble, while it reaches to more than 95% in the rear part of the separation bubble. It indicates that the more unsteady that the flow is, the higher contribution rate of the Reynolds sheer stress term makes. The energy flux term plays an important role in the turbulent kinetic energy balance in the transition region.
Crop Characteristics of Aquatic Macrophytes for Use as a Substrate in Anaerobic Digestion Plants—A Study from Germany
Authors: Moeller Lucie , Bauer Aline , Wedwitschka Harald , Stinner Walter , Zehnsdorf Andreas
Published: November 2018

Several thousand metric tonnes of aquatic biomass are removed from water bodies every year, so that these waters can continue to be used for ship and boat traffic and for leisure activities. The mowed material is generally disposed off without any further use. Therefore, the crop properties of samples from 39 weed control measures all over Germany were examined to assess the suitability of aquatic plant biomass as a substrate for anaerobic digestion systems. Analysis of the crop samples consisted of the identification of plant species and the evaluation of sediment contents and concentrations of macroelements. The methane yield was determined for selected aquatic plants. Analysis revealed a carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) of between 10 and 20 in 74% of samples. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in the samples were comparable to grass silages. With regard to heavy metal concentrations, the threshold values for biowaste for nickel, zinc, and cadmium were exceeded in three samples. There were no significant seasonal differences in substrate characteristics and qualities. The specific methane yields of individual aquatic plants were between 142 and 372 LCH4/kg volatile solids (VS). The results of this study showed that aquatic macrophytes can be used as substrates in anaerobic digestion plants without any restrictions.
Wind Turbine Multi-Fault Detection and Classification Based on SCADA Data
Authors: Vidal Yolanda , Pozo Francesc , Tutivén Christian
Published: November 2018

Due to the increasing installation of wind turbines in remote locations, both onshore and offshore, advanced fault detection and classification strategies have become crucial to accomplish the required levels of reliability and availability. In this work, without using specific tailored devices for condition monitoring but only increasing the sampling frequency in the already available (in all commercial wind turbines) sensors of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, a data-driven multi-fault detection and classification strategy is developed. An advanced wind turbine benchmark is used. The wind turbine we consider is subject to different types of faults on actuators and sensors. The main challenges of the wind turbine fault detection lie in their non-linearity, unknown disturbances, and significant measurement noise at each sensor. First, the SCADA measurements are pre-processed by group scaling and feature transformation (from the original high-dimensional feature space to a new space with reduced dimensionality) based on multiway principal component analysis through sample-wise unfolding. Then, 10-fold cross-validation support vector machines-based classification is applied. In this work, support vector machines were used as a first choice for fault detection as they have proven their robustness for some particular faults, but at the same time have never accomplished the detection and classification of all the proposed faults considered in this work. To this end, the choice of the features as well as the selection of data are of primary importance. Simulation results showed that all studied faults were detected and classified with an overall accuracy of 98.2%. Finally, it is noteworthy that the prediction speed allows this strategy to be deployed for online (real-time) condition monitoring in wind turbines.
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Growth, and Energy Policy in China
Authors: Hong Lucheng , Chao Angela
Published: November 2018

China’s economy steps into the “new normal” phase, as it is growing in an innovation-driven instead of a factor-driven mode. In this paper, we constructed the corporate behavioral decision models in different scenarios of policy and analyzed the effect of energy policies on corporate behavior and societal welfare, in a duopoly market. The following conclusions were derived. (1) In a duopoly, the product pricing is irrelevant to the resource cost in their production process. (2) For the firm undertaking the social responsibility, the energy tax imposed by the government would increase either the production or the profit, but decrease the consumer surplus. In contrast, for the other firms, the energy tax rate is opposite to their profit. (3) Low-energy-consuming products will promote efficiency, which reduces either the price or the marginal cost, resulting in a more conspicuous cost advantage to the firm adopting the ecological innovation. (4) The marginal cost for a low-energy-consuming technology research and development steadily decreases, which turns their short-term financial disadvantages into the long-term competitive advantages. The marginal contribution of this paper was to build a simultaneously moving model, in duopoly market, and provide theoretical evidence to endogenize the firm strategy to undertake social responsibilities and to realize sustainable growth.
Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Areal Flow on EGS Thermal Exploitation Based on the 3-D T-H Single Fracture Model
Authors: Yao Chi , Shao Yulong , Yang Jianhua
Published: November 2018

The research on the factors of heat recovery performance of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) is an important issue, especially in the well position optimization in EGS, because it can maximize the economic benefits of EGS. Based on the three-dimensional thermo and hydro (TH) single-fracture model, a flow field in the EGS is added to the model, the thermal energy mining of the EGS thermal reservoir is realized through the double well and better study of the impact of regional flow on EGS well placement. To verify the reliability of the three-dimensional numerical model, the comparison between the two-dimensional single fracture model and the single fracture analytical model is performed under the same conditions, and it is found that there is a good agreement between the numerical and the analytical solutions. The influence of the direction of regional flow on the thermal recovery performance of EGS is studied, and the operating lifetime, power generation and heat production rate of the system are used as the evaluation indicators. It is found that there are two stagnation points in the flow field under regional flow conditions, and the stagnation point position changes regularly with regional flow direction. The direction of regional flow has a great influence on the heat extraction ratio and service lifetime of the geothermal system, the layout of the double well must take into account the regional flow. When only considered the influence of regional flow on EGS, after 50 years of EGS operation, the production well temperature and system operating lifetime increase with the increase of β (the angle between the direction of the regional flow and the line connecting the centers of the two wells). When it has regional flow, the greater the well spacing, the greater the temperature of the production well, but when the well spacing increases to a certain value, the well spacing will not affect the temperature of the production well.
Subcritical Instabilities in Neutral Fluids and Plasmas
Authors: Lesur Maxime , Médina Julien , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Akihiro
Published: November 2018

In neutral fluids and plasmas, the analysis of perturbations often starts with an inventory of linearly unstable modes. Then, the nonlinear steady-state is analyzed or predicted based on these linear modes. A crude analogy would be to base the study of a chair on how it responds to infinitesimaly small perturbations. One would conclude that the chair is stable at all frequencies, and cannot fall down. Of course, a chair falls down if subjected to finite-amplitude perturbations. Similarly, waves and wave-like structures in neutral fluids and plasmas can be triggered even though they are linearly stable. These subcritical instabilities are dormant until an interaction, a drive, a forcing, or random noise pushes their amplitude above some threshold. Investigating their onset conditions requires nonlinear calculations. Subcritical instabilities are ubiquitous in neutral fluids and plasmas. In plasmas, subcritical instabilities have been investigated based on analytical models and numerical simulations since the 1960s. More recently, they have been measured in laboratory and space plasmas, albeit not always directly. The topic could benefit from the much longer and richer history of subcritical instability and transition to subcritical turbulence in neutral fluids. In this tutorial introduction, we describe the fundamental aspects of subcritical instabilities in plasmas, based on systems of increasing complexity, from simple examples of a point-mass in a potential well or a box on a table, to turbulence and instabilities in neutral fluids, and finally, to modern applications in magnetized toroidal fusion plasmas.
A Survey of Sodium Chloride Content in Italian Artisanal and Industrial Bread
Authors: Carcea Marina , Narducci Valentina , Turfani Valeria , Aguzzi Altero
Published: November 2018

A nationwide survey on salt content in both artisanal and industrial bread was undertaken in Italy to establish a baseline for salt reduction initiatives. Excess sodium intake in the diet is associated with high blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Bread has been identified as a major contributor to salt intake in the Italian diet. Most of the bread consumed in Italy comes from artisanal bakeries so 135 artisanal bread were sampled in 56 locations from Northern to Southern Italy together with 19 samples of industrial bread representative of the entire Italian production. Sodium chloride content was analysed according to the Volhardt’s method. A salt content between 0.7% and 2.3% g/100 g (as is basis) was found, with a mean value of 1.5% (Standard Deviation, 0.3). However, the majority of samples (58%) had a content below 1.5%, with 12% having a very low salt content (between 0.5% and 1.0%), whereas the remaining 42% had a salt content higher than the mean value with a very high salt content (>2.0%) recorded for 3% of samples. As regards the industrial bread, an average content of 1.6% was found (SD, 0.3). In this group, most of the samples (56%) had a very high content between 2.0% and 2.5%, whereas 5% only had a content between 1.1% and 1.5%. Statistics on salt content are also reported for the different categories of bread.
Perspectives on the Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccination among Somali Mothers in Stockholm
Authors: Jama Asha , Ali Mona , Lindstrand Ann , Butler Robb , Kulane Asli
Published: November 2018

Background: Vaccination hesitancy and skepticism among parents hinders progress in achieving full vaccination coverage. Swedish measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage is high however some areas with low vaccination coverage risk outbreaks. This study aimed to explore factors influencing the decision of Somali parents living in the Rinkeby and Tensta districts of Stockholm, Sweden, on whether or not to vaccinate their children with the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Method: Participants were 13 mothers of at least one child aged 18 months to 5 years, who were recruited using snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted in Somali and Swedish languages and the data generated was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Both written and verbal informed consent were obtained from participants. Results: Seven of the mothers had not vaccinated their youngest child at the time of the study and decided to postpone the vaccination until their child became older (delayers). The other six mothers had vaccinated their child for MMR at the appointed time (timely vaccinators). The analysis of the data revealed two main themes: (1) barriers to vaccinate on time, included issues surrounding fear of the child not speaking and unpleasant encounters with nurses and (2) facilitating factors to vaccinate on time, included heeding vaccinating parents’ advice, trust in nurses and trust in God. The mothers who had vaccinated their children had a positive impact in influencing other mothers to also vaccinate. Conclusions: Fear, based on the perceived risk that vaccination will lead to autism, among Somali mothers in Tensta and Rinkeby is evident and influenced by the opinions of friends and relatives. Child Healthcare Center nurses are important in the decision-making process regarding acceptance of MMR vaccination. There is a need to address mothers’ concerns regarding vaccine safety while improving the approach of nurses as they address these concerns.
Using Open Street Map Data in Environmental Exposure Assessment Studies: Eastern Massachusetts, Bern Region, and South Israel as a Case Study
Authors: Kloog Itai , Kaufman Lara Ifat , De Hoogh Kees
Published: November 2018

There is an increase in the awareness of the importance of spatial data in epidemiology and exposure assessment (EA) studies. Most studies use governmental and ordnance surveys, which are often expensive and sparsely updated, while in most developing countries, there are often no official geo-spatial data sources. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an open source Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) mapping project. Yet very few environmental epidemiological and EA studies have used OSM as a source for road data. Since VGI data is either noncommercial or governmental, the validity of OSM is often questioned. We investigate the robustness and validity of OSM data for use in epidemiological and EA studies. We compared OSM and Governmental Major Road Data (GRD) in three different regions: Massachusetts, USA; Bern, Switzerland; and Beer-Sheva, South Israel. The comparison was done by calculating data completeness, positional accuracy, and EA using traditional exposure methods. We found that OSM data is fairly complete and accurate in all regions. The results in all regions were robust, with Massachusetts showing the best fits (R2 0.93). Results in Bern (R2 0.78) and Beer-Sheva (R2 0.77) were only slightly lower. We conclude by suggesting that OSM data can be used reliably in environmental assessment studies.