bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actualizing Personalized Healthcare for Women through Connected Data Systems: Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis
Authors: Nelson Heidi D. , Weerasinghe Roshanthi
Published: September 2013

Background:

Healthcare organizations have invested in electronic patient data systems, yet use of health data to optimize personalized care has been limited.

Primary Study Objective:

To develop and pilot an integrated source of health system data related to breast healthcare.

Methods/Design:

This study is a quality improvement project. Patient-level data from multiple internal sources were identified, mapped to a common data model, linked, and validated to create a breast healthcare-specific data mart. Linkages were based on matching algorithms using patient identifiers to group data from the same patient. Data definitions, a data dictionary, and indicators for quality and benchmarking aligned with standardized measures. Clinical pathways were developed to outline the patient populations, data elements, decision points, and outcomes for specific conditions.

Setting:

Electronic data sources in a community-based health system in the United States.

Participants:

Women receiving breast cancer screening, prevention, and diagnosis services.

Main Outcome Measures:

Distribution of mammography examinations and pathologic results of breast biopsies.

Results:

From 2008 to 2011, 200 768 screening and 50200 diagnostic mammograms were obtained; rates varied by age over time. Breast biopsies for 7332 women indicated 23.3% with invasive breast cancer, 6.7% with ductal carcinoma in situ, and 70.0% with nonmalignant diagnoses that would not have been further differentiated by administrative codes alone.

Limitations:

Evaluation of validity and efficiency and additional tracking of clinical outcomes are needed.

Conclusions:

The creation of a patient-centered data system by connecting and integrating disparate data sources within a large health system allows customized analyses of data and improves capacity for clinical decision making and personalized healthcare.
The Health Status of Latino Immigrant Women in the united States and Future Health Policy Implications of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: De Leon Siantz Mary Lou , Castaneda Xochitl , Benavente Viola , Peart Tasha , Felt Emily
Published: September 2013

Immigrant women of Mexican birth face unique health challenges in the United States. They are at increased risk for developing many preventable health conditions due in part to limited access to healthcare and benefits, legal status, and inadequate income. Increased vulnerability of women has established a growing need to focus on their healthcare needs because of their role, position, and influence in the family.

The purpose of this article is to review factors that impact the health status of Mexican-born women living in the United States and review policy implications of the Affordable Care Act for this population.

Mexican-born women are the largest female immigrant group in the United States. Therefore, they comprise the group that will need health coverage in the greatest proportion. As a result, there will be a need for culturally and linguistically appropriate healthcare services and culturally sensitive providers.
Characterization of intercostal muscle pathology in canine degenerative myelopathy: A disease model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Morgan Brandie R. , Coates Joan R. , Johnson Gayle C. , Bujnak Alyssa C. , Katz Martin L.
Published: September 2013

Dogs homozygous for missense mutations in the SOD1 gene develop a late‐onset neuromuscular disorder called degenerative myelopathy (DM) that has many similarities to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both disorders are characterized by widespread progressive declines in motor functions, accompanied by atrophic changes in the descending spinal cord tracts. Some forms of ALS are also associated with SOD1 mutations. In end‐stage ALS, death usually occurs as a result of respiratory failure from severe functional impairment of respiratory muscles. The mechanisms that lead to this loss of function are not known. Dogs with DM are euthanized at all stages of disease progression, providing an opportunity to characterize the onset and progression of any pathological changes in the respiratory muscles that may precede respiratory failure. To characterize such potential disease‐related pathology, we evaluated intercostal muscles from Boxer and Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs that were euthanized at various stages of DM disease progression. DM was found to result in intercostal muscle atrophy, fibrosis, increased variability in muscle fiber size and shape, and alteration in muscle fiber type composition. This pathology was not accompanied by retraction of the motor neuron terminals from the muscle acetylcholine receptor complexes, suggesting that the muscle atrophy did not result from physical denervation. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that likely lead to respiratory failure in at least some forms of ALS and will be useful in the development and evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions using the DM model. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
U-duality covariant gravity
Authors: Hohm Olaf , Samtleben Henning
Published: September 2013

Abstract

We extend the techniques of double field theory to more general gravity theories and U-duality symmetries, having in mind applications to the complete D = 11 supergravity. In this paper we work out a (3 + 3)-dimensional ‘U-duality covariantization’ of D = 4 Einstein gravity, in which the Ehlers group SL(2,
$ \mathbb{R} $
) is realized geometrically, acting in the 3 representation on half of the coordinates. We include the full (2 + 1)-dimensional metric, while the ‘internal vielbein’ is a coset representative of SL(2,
$ \mathbb{R} $
)/SO(2) and transforms under gauge transformations via generalized Lie derivatives. In addition, we introduce a gauge connection of the ‘C-bracket’, and a gauge connection of SL(2,
$ \mathbb{R} $
), albeit subject to constraints. The action takes the form of (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity coupled to a Chern-Simons-matter theory but encodes the complete D = 4 Einstein gravity. We comment on generalizations, such as an ‘E
8(8) covariantization’ of M-theory.
Changes in Plasma Kynurenic Acid Concentration in Septic Shock Patients Undergoing Continuous Veno-Venous Haemofiltration
Authors: Dabrowski Wojciech , Kocki Tomasz , Pilat Jacek , Parada-Turska Jolanta , Malbrain Manu L. N. G.
Published: September 2013

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is one of the end products of tryptophan metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyse plasma KYNA concentration in septic shock patients (SSP) with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH). Changes in KYNA content were compared to alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein and lactate. Adult SSP with AKI were examined. Measurements were conducted at seven time points: before beginning CVVH and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the beginning of CVVH. Based on clinical outcomes, the data were analysed separately for survivors and non-survivors. Twenty-seven patients were studied. CVVH was associated with reduced plasma KYNA concentration only in survivors. Plasma KYNA concentration correlated with the levels of lactate and PCT only in survivors. (1) CVVH reduced plasma KYNA concentration only in survivors; (2) lack of this reduction may predict fatal outcomes in SSP.
Separation of the Fatty Acids in Menhaden Oil as Methyl Esters with a Highly Polar Ionic Liquid Gas Chromatographic Column and Identification by Time of Flight Mass spectrometry
Authors: Fardin‐Kia Ali Reza , Delmonte Pierluigi , Kramer John K. G. , Jahreis Gerhard , Kuhnt Katrin , Santercole Viviana , Rader Jeanne I.
Published: September 2013

The fatty acids contained in marine oils or products are traditionally analyzed by gas chromatography using capillary columns coated with polyethylene glycol phases. Recent reports indicate that 100 % cyanopropyl siloxane phases should also be used when the analyzed samples contain trans fatty acids. We investigated the separation of the fatty acid methyl esters prepared from menhaden oil using the more polar SLB‐IL111 (200 m × 0.25 mm) ionic liquid capillary column and the chromatographic conditions previously optimized for the separation of the complex mixture of fatty acid methyl esters prepared from milk fat. Identifications of fatty acids were achieved by applying Ag+‐HPLC fractionation and GC‐TOF/MS analysis in CI+ mode with isobutane as the ionization reagent. Calculation of equivalent chain lengths confirmed the assignment of double bond positions. This methodology allowed the identification of 125 fatty acids in menhaden oil, including isoprenoid and furanoid fatty acids, and the novel 7‐methyl‐6‐hexadecenoic and 7‐methyl‐6‐octadecenoic fatty acids. The chromatographic conditions applied in this study showed the potential of separating in a single 90‐min analysis, among others, the short chain and trans fatty acids contained in dairy products, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in marine products.
Increased incidence of distal humeral fractures and surgical treatment in 0- to 18-year-old patients treated in Finland from 1987 to 2010
Authors: Salonen A. , Pajulo O. , Lahdes-Vasama T. , Välipakka J. , Mattila V. M.
Published: September 2013

Background

Studies of pediatric and adolescent fractures in general report a significant increase in the incidence of upper-extremity fractures as well as in their surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the trends of the incidence and treatment of distal humeral fractures in hospitalized 0- to 18-year-old patients in Finland.

Method

The study included the entire pediatric and adolescent (<19 years) population in Finland during the 24-year period from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2010. Data on hospitalized patients were obtained from the nationwide National Hospital Discharge Registry where information is collected from all hospital categories (private, public, and other). Surgical treatment was categorized into three groups; (1) reposition with casting; (2) reposition or reduction and osteosynthesis; (3) reposition or reduction and external-fixation and other fixation methods. Patients were classified into three groups according to age: 0–6 years, 7–13 years, and 14–18 years. Annual incidences were calculated using the annual mid-year population census obtained from the Official Statistics of Finland.

Results

During the 24-year study period, there were a total of 12,590 hospitalizations with a main or secondary diagnosis of distal humeral fracture. In children aged 0–12 years the overall incidence of hospitalization increased 30 % during the 24-year study period, from 4.5 per 10,000 person-years in 1987 to 5.8 per 10,000 person-years in 2010. There were a total of 5,548 operations. During the study period, surgical treatment by repositioning or reduction with osteosynthesis due to a distal humeral fracture increased by fivefold in patients aged <6 years and by twofold in patients aged 7–12 years of age. The incidences of fracture and treatment in children older than 13 years did not change.

Conclusion

The incidence of distal humeral fractures and the incidence of repositioning with osteosynthesis increased remarkably in prepubertal children during the 24-year study period in Finland.
A case of premature ventricular contractions originating from the papillary muscle in the right ventricle
Authors: Senoo Keitaro , Otsuka Takayuki , Suzuki Shinya , Sagara Koichi , Yamashita Takeshi
Published: September 2013

A 45‐year‐old man with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) underwent electrophysiological studies. Activation mapping using a noncontact electroanatomical mapping system indicated that the septal mid‐apical region in the right ventricle was activated earliest. However, pace mapping did not match the activation mapping. Although the PVCs were successfully eliminated by applying radiofrequency current to the prepotential site preceding their QRS onset, a recurrence of PVCs with the same QRS morphology was observed at the 2‐month follow‐up examination, necessitating a second procedure. During the second procedure, echocardiography‐guided electroanatomic mapping revealed centrifugal activation from the right ventricular mid‐apical region on the septal portion of the anterior papillary muscle, but perfect pace mapping was not obtained at that site. With intracardiac echocardiography confirming good contact between the ablation catheter and papillary muscle, an irrigated radiofrequency current successfully eliminated the PVCs. This case indicates that the use of a guidance system may be feasible and useful for catheter ablation of PVCs originating from the right ventricular papillary muscle when there are discrepancies between activation mapping and pace mapping.
Memory impairment in chronic pain patients and the related neuropsychological mechanisms: a review
Authors: Liu Xianhua , Li Li , Tang Fanggui , Wu Siwei , Hu Yiqiu
Published: September 2013

Objective

This study provides a comprehensive review of the literature on memory impairment and the potential effective factors in patients with chronic pain.

Methods

A literature search of databases PubMed, EMBASE, SpringerLink, and PsycINFO until September 2012 was conducted using the keywords ‘memory’ and ‘chronic pain’. The study emphasises on publications over the past 20 years.

Results

Memory impairment in chronic pain patients is substantial, but the aspects of memory (e.g. working memory, long-term memory, and autobiographical memory) in chronic pain patients and the potentially related factors (e.g. age, level of education, pain conditions, emotion, neural network, and use of analgesics) are modest. Memory impairment is interpreted with the attention-narrowing hypothesis and the capacity-reduction hypothesis.

Conclusions

The currently available data and theory have explained memory impairment in chronic pain patients, but many controversies remain. Future research should focus on the subclinical characteristics of chronic pain, enlarging the sample size, and emphasise on the experimental intervention method and the cognitive neuroscience method.
Alexander, Philotas, and the origins of modern historiography
Authors: Stoneman Richard
Published: September 2013

Alexander the Great was one of the central figures of ancient history as it was understood throughout the Middle Ages and into modern times. This article focuses on a significant change in the way in which he was represented after the arrival of humanist learning in England. While the medieval tradition, based on theAlexander Romance, generally made Alexander an unblemished knightly hero and a minister of God, in the fifteenth century a new way of thinking about him emerged that was influenced by the negative philosophical tradition represented by Seneca and Quintus Curtius. A central feature of such treatments was his cruelty: in earlier authors this was exemplified by the killings of the philosopher Callisthenes and of his childhood friend Cleitus. But in the Renaissance the judgement attached itself instead to the execution of Philotas, reflecting both a new critical approach to history and a new understanding of the legitimacy of kingly power.
Latin Literature
Authors: Langlands Rebecca
Published: September 2013

Among this latest batch of books to review are a number whose endeavour, very much to my own taste, is intellectual and cultural history through the study of Latin literature. Cream of the crop is Craig Williams’ study of Roman friendship. Admirers of Williams’ excellent Roman Homosexuality, recently reissued in second edition, will recognize the approach; this is a theoretically informed and meticulously argued work of cultural history that also shows fine appreciation of philological, linguistic, and literary issues. In Chapter 1 (Men and Women), Williams has a simple and compelling point to make: basing their idealization of friendship on our male-authored ancient literary texts (Cicero's De amicitia, Seneca's Letters), the great thinkers of Western civilization have asserted that ideal friendship is a man's game, and even that women are by and large incapable of real friendship, at the very least being excluded from the most interesting parts of friendship's history. As Williams shows, the epigraphic evidence tells a different story; here we can gain a new appreciation of friendships between women, and indeed between men and women. In its divergence from the well-trodden literary tradition, the epigraphic material opens up new ways of understanding the ancient world, but it can also be used to bring a fresh perspective to familiar literary texts, especially when one is as open-minded and attentive to linguistic nuance as Williams. Chapter 2 explores some of the key conceptual issues and themes related to the (vexed) distinction between amor and amicitia, and then in Chapter 3 Williams turns to the close reading of particular Latin texts, bringing his new interpretative framework to Catullus, Horace, Virgil, and Propertius, Petronius’ Satyricon, and the letters of Cicero and of Fronto. The fourth and final chapter, ‘Friendship and the Grave’, turns again to the epigraphic evidence, and funerary inscriptions in particular, where friends are shown to play an important role in the commemoration of the dead, usually associated in the Western tradition with close family. Williams’ work showcases Classics as a vitally and productively interdisciplinary academic subject, where significant new readings can be achieved with the right methodologies and approach. He has some big claims to make about Roman society, of which ancient historians will certainly want to take note, but his fresh analysis of familiar literary texts is also highly illuminating and the book has many smaller-scale insights to offer as well.
Greek History
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: September 2013

The study of ethnicity and the interaction between cultures has been a popular topic with ancient historians recently, and this trend continues. While the interconnection between Greek identity and culture and Roman power during the Second Sophistic has attracted significant attention in the last few decades, the earlier periods have remained relatively unexamined. This is now nicely redressed by an important collection of essays edited by Thomas Schmitz and Nicolas Wiater, which focuses on the first century bce. One main theme of the volume concerns the interaction between Greek and Roman identities, and the ways in which authors reinterpret and destabilize them: the interaction between Rome and Greek classicism (Dihle), the rethinking of Greek and Roman cultures and identities in Dionysius (Wiater), the impact of Rome on its resident Greek authors (Hibder), the interpretatio graeca of Augustus by Nicolaus of Damascus (Pausch), the Roman context of Mytilenean intellectuals and their self-fashioning (Bowie), and Greek poets and their Roman patrons (Whitmarsh). A second main theme concerns the interaction with the Greek past and its classics, and the extent to which the classicist approaches of the Second Sophistic are already present in the first century. This is variously explored, from Dionysius’ exploration of stylistic models (Fox), Diodorus’ image of Athens (Schmitz), the tendency to systematization in various intellectual fields on the basis of the classics (Most), the grammarians’ attitude to Greek dialect (Hintzen), and the Homeric quotations in Chariton (Baumbach), to the (re)building projects in Athens (Borg).
Effect of mastoid drilling on hearing of the contralateral ear
Authors: Goyal A , Singh P P , Vashishth A
Published: September 2013

Objectives:

This study aimed to: understand the effect that high intensity noise associated with drilling (during otological surgery) has on hearing in the contralateral ear; determine the nature of hearing loss, if any, by establishing whether it is temporary or persistent; and examine the association between hearing loss and various drill parameters.

Methods:

A prospective clinical study was carried out at a tertiary centre. Thirty patients with unilateral cholesteatoma and normal contralateral hearing were included. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and for five days following surgery using high frequency pure tone audiometry, and low and high frequency transient evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emission testing.

Results:

The findings revealed statistically significant changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions at high frequencies (p = 0.016), and in transient evoked otoacoustic emissions at both low and high frequencies (p = 0.035 and 0.021, respectively). There was a higher statistical association between otoacoustic emission changes and cutting burrs compared with diamond burrs.

Conclusion:

Drilling during mastoid surgery poses a threat to hearing in the contralateral ear due to noise and vibration conducted transcranially.
White-matter tract integrity in late-life depression: associations with severity and cognition
Authors: Charlton R. A. , Lamar M. , Zhang A. , Yang S. , Ajilore O. , Kumar A.
Published: September 2013

Background

Although significant changes in both gray and white matter have been noted in late-life depression (LLD), the pathophysiology of implicated white-matter tracts has not been fully described. In this study we examined the integrity of specific white-matter tracts in LLD versus healthy controls (HC).

Method

Participants aged ⩾60 years were recruited from the community. The sample included 23 clinically diagnosed individuals with LLD and 23 HC. White-matter integrity metrics [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD)] were calculated in the bilateral cingulum and uncinate fasciculus. Depression severity was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Composite scores for learning and memory and executive function were created using standardized neuropsychological assessments.

Results

White-matter integrity was lower in LLD versus HC in the bilateral cingulum and right uncinate fasciculus (p⩽0.05). In the whole sample, depression severity correlated with integrity in the bilateral cingulum and right uncinate fasciculus (p ⩽0.05). In patients, depression severity correlated with the integrity of the left uncinate fasciculus (p = 0.03); this tract also correlated with executive function (p = 0.02). Among HC, tract integrity did not correlate with depression scores; however, learning and memory correlated with integrity of the bilateral uncinate fasciculus and bilateral cingulum; executive function correlated with the right uncinate and left cingulum (p ⩽0.05).

Conclusions

White-matter tract integrity was lower in LLD than in HC and was associated with depression severity across all participants. Tract integrity was associated with cognition in both groups but more robustly among HC.
L1 AND L2 WORD RECOGNITION IN FINNISH
Authors: Vainio Seppo , Pajunen Anneli , Hyönä Jukka
Published: September 2013

This study investigated the effect of the first language (L1) on the visual word recognition of inflected nouns in second language (L2) Finnish by native Russian and Chinese speakers. Case inflection is common in Russian and in Finnish but nonexistent in Chinese. Several models have been posited to describe L2 morphological processing. The unified competition model (UCM; MacWhinney, 2005) predicts L1-L2 transfer, whereas processability theory (Pienemann, 1998) posits a universal hierarchy in L2 acquisition regardless of the L1. The morphological decomposition deficiency hypothesis (Ullman, 2001b; VanPatten, 2004) claims that nonnatives cannot morphologically decompose words. Finally, DeKeyser (2005) proposes that morphophonological transparency affects nonnative processing. The current study explores which model best accounts for the processing of L2 Finnish by native Russian and Chinese speakers. The materials included simple nouns, transparently inflected nouns, and semitransparently inflected nouns. The results showed that Finns and Russians had longer reaction times (RTs) for morphologically complex nouns, but Chinese had longer RTs for semitransparent nouns. The RT results support the UCM by showing a L1-L2 transfer. Furthermore, transparency influenced word recognition among nonnatives; they made the most errors with semitransparent nouns.
The Nonproliferation Complex
Authors: Craig Campbell , Ruzicka Jan
Published: September 2013

For more than four decades the twin goals of nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament have been an almost unchallenged objective of the “international community.” Like drought prevention, or bans on the use of child soldiers, nonproliferation remains a mostly uncontroversial, largely universalistic initiative to which few object. The proponents of nonproliferation are fond of stressing that the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) has more signatories than any other arms control treaty. Who would not want to prevent more states from obtaining nuclear weapons? And who, for that matter, would oppose the ideal of a world free of such weapons?
Random Colourings and Automorphism Breaking in Locally Finite Graphs
Authors: LEHNER FLORIAN
Published: September 2013

A colouring of a graphGis called distinguishing if its stabilizer in AutGis trivial. It has been conjectured that, if every automorphism of a locally finite graph moves infinitely many vertices, then there is a distinguishing 2-colouring. We study properties of random 2-colourings of locally finite graphs and show that the stabilizer of such a colouring is almost surely nowhere dense in AutGand a null set with respect to the Haar measure on the automorphism group. We also investigate random 2-colourings in several classes of locally finite graphs where the existence of a distinguishing 2-colouring has already been established. It turns out that in all of these cases a random 2-colouring is almost surely distinguishing.
Assessment of molecular genetic diversity and population structure of sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) core collection accessions using simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Park Jong-Hyun , Suresh Sundan , Cho Gyu-Taek , Choi Nag-Gor , Baek Hyung-Jin , Lee Chul-Won , Chung Jong-Wook
Published: September 2013

Sesame (Sesamum indicumL.) is one of the oldest oil crops and is widely cultivated in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of 277 sesame core collection accessions collected from 15 countries in four different continents. A total of 158 alleles were detected among the sesame accessions, with the number varying from 3 to 25 alleles per locus and an average of 11.3. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.34 to 0.84, with an average of 0.568. These values indicated a high genetic diversity at 14 loci both among and within the populations. Of these, 44 genotype-specific alleles were identified in 12 of the 14 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. The core collection preserved a much higher level of genetic variation. Therefore, 10.1% was selected as the best sampling percentage from the whole collection when constructing the core collection. The 277 core collection accessions formed four robust clusters in the unweighted pair group method and the arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram, although the clustering did not indicate any clear division among the sesame accessions based on their geographical locations. Similar patterns were obtained using model-based structure analysis and country-based dendrograms, as some accessions situated geographically far apart were grouped together in the same cluster. The results of these analyses will increase our understanding of the genotype-specific alleles, genetic diversity and population structure of core collections, and the information can be used for the development of a future breeding strategy to improve sesame yield.
A Pilot Study of “Gutstrong” for Adolescents With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Wassom Matthew C. , Schurman Jennifer Verrill , Friesen Craig A. , Rapoff Michael A.
Published: September 2013

The objective of this study was to provide preliminary findings of efficacy and acceptability for “Gutstrong,” a minimal contact cognitive–behavioral treatment program being developed for adolescents with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Twenty adolescents (13 to 17 years) presenting for initial subspecialty evaluation of chronic abdominal pain were randomized to receive (a) standard medical care only or (b) standard medical care plus “Gutstrong.” Adolescents completing “Gutstrong” self-reported decreased frequency of pain episodes, increased health-related quality of life and percentage of pain-free days, and improvements in adaptive coping compared with the control group. “Gutstrong” was rated as helpful, informative, and acceptable, with minor improvements suggested. “Gutstrong” has the potential to be a beneficial adjunct to standard medical care for adolescents with FGIDs. The efficacy, appeal, and cost-effectiveness of this program warrant further evaluation as part of a large-scale clinical trial. Application to other age groups and patient populations also should be considered in future steps.
Managing Suicidal Crises in Primary Care: A Case Illustration
Authors: Harrison Roger
Published: September 2013

Suicidal behavior is an issue of great concern for pediatric psychologists, as well as primary care providers. Primary care providers are often at the forefront of managing depression and suicidal behaviors in children and adolescents, because only a small percentage of these youths receive specialty treatment from mental health professionals. This article uses a case illustration to highlight the challenges of managing acute suicidality in the primary care setting, focusing on the opportunities available in collaboration between primary care and pediatric psychologists.
Development and Preliminary Implementation of a Psychosocial Service Into Standard Medical Care for Pediatric Epilepsy
Authors: Guilfoyle Shanna M. , Follansbee-Junger Katherine , Modi Avani C.
Published: September 2013

Pediatric psychologists have expertise in the assessment and management of psychosocial comorbidities in children with chronic diseases, with the goal of improving health outcomes. However, integrating pediatric psychology services into medical clinic standard of care can be challenging at both the patient, provider, and institution levels, particularly when these services are new to a preexisting clinic. Youth with epilepsy are at particular risk for psychosocial comorbidities, yet most do not receive appropriate mental health care. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and preliminary implementation of a tiered psychosocial service into a preestablished pediatric epilepsy clinic. Uptake data suggest high rates of initial service acceptability over the first 6 months, with 77% of patients ( n = 275 of 356) agreeing to meet with the pediatric psychologist for a screening visit. Barriers and facilitators of building a psychosocial service in the context of an interdisciplinary specialty clinic are discussed. Overall, this model of care could be adapted to other pediatric populations.
Differential contribution of isoaspartate post-translational modifications to the fibrillization and toxic properties of amyloid β and the Asn23 Iowa mutation
Authors: Fossati Silvia , Todd Krysti , Sotolongo Krystal , Ghiso Jorge , Rostagno Agueda
Published: September 2013

Mutations within the Aβ (amyloid β) peptide, especially those clustered at residues 21–23, are linked to early-onset AD (Alzheimer's disease) and primarily associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The Iowa variant, a substitution of an aspartic acid residue for asparagine at position 23 (D23N), associates with widespread vascular amyloid and abundant diffuse pre-amyloid lesions significantly exceeding the incidence of mature plaques. Brain Iowa deposits consist primarily of a mixture of mutated and non-mutated Aβ species exhibiting partial aspartate isomerization at positions 1, 7 and 23. The present study analysed the contribution of the post-translational modification and the D23N mutation to the aggregation/fibrillization and cell toxicity properties of Aβ providing insight into the elicited cell death mechanisms. The induction of apoptosis by the different Aβ species correlated with their oligomerization/fibrillization propensity and β-sheet content. Although cell toxicity was primarily driven by the D23N mutation, all Aβ isoforms tested were capable, albeit at different time frames, of eliciting comparable apoptotic pathways with mitochondrial engagement and cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm in both neuronal and microvascular endothelial cells. Methazolamide, a cytochrome c release inhibitor, exerted a protective effect in both cell types, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of mitochondria may constitute a viable therapeutic avenue.
Growth mechanisms of GaSb heteroepitaxial films on Si with an AlSb buffer layer
Authors: Vajargah S. Hosseini , Ghanad-Tavakoli S. , Preston J. S. , Kleiman R. N. , Botton G. A.
Published: September 2013

The initial growth stages of GaSb epilayers on Si substrates and the role of the AlSb buffer layer were studied by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Heteroepitaxy of GaSb and AlSb on Si both occur by Volmer-Weber (i.e., island mode) growth. However, the AlSb and GaSb islands have distinctly different characteristics as revealed through an atomic-resolution structural study using Z-contrast of HAADF-STEM imaging. While GaSb islands are sparse and three dimensional, AlSb islands are numerous and flattened. The introduction of 3D island-forming AlSb buffer layer facilitates the nucleation of GaSb islands. The AlSb islands-assisted nucleation of GaSb islands results in the formation of drastically higher quality planar film at a significantly smaller thickness of films. The interface of the AlSb and GaSb epilayers with the Si substrate was further investigated with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry to elucidate the key role of the AlSb buffer layer in the growth of GaSb epilayers on Si substrates.
In situ transmission electron microscopy studies of the kinetics of Pt-Mo alloy diffusion in ZrB2 thin films
Authors: Jouanny I. , Palisaitis J. , Ngo C. , Mayrhofer P. H. , Hultman L. , Persson P. O. Å. , Kodambaka S.
Published: September 2013

Using in situ high-temperature (1073–1173 K) transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the thermal stability of Pt and Mo in contact with polycrystalline ZrB2 thin films deposited on Al2O3(0001). During annealing, we observed the diffusion of cubic-structured Pt1−xMox (with x = 0.2 ± 0.1) along the length of the ZrB2 layer. From the time-dependent increase in diffusion lengths, we determined that the Pt1−xMox does not react with ZrB2, but diffuses along the surface with a constant temperature-dependent velocity. We identify the rate-limiting step controlling the observed phenomenon as the flux of Mo atoms with an associated activation barrier of 3.8 ± 0.5 eV.
Sketching protein aggregation with a physics-based toy model
Authors: Enciso Marta , Rey Antonio
Published: September 2013

We explore the applicability of a single-bead coarse-grained molecular model to describe the competition between protein folding and aggregation. We have designed very simple and regular sequences, based on our previous studies on peptide aggregation, that successfully fold into the three main protein structural families (all-α, all-β, and α + β). Thanks to equilibrium computer simulations, we evaluate how temperature and concentration promote aggregation. Aggregates have been obtained for all the amino acid sequences considered, showing that this process is common to all proteins, as previously stated. However, each structural family presents particular characteristics that can be related to its specific balance between hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. The model is very simple and has limitations, yet it is able to reproduce both the cooperative folding of isolated polypeptide chains with regular sequences and the formation of different types of aggregates at high concentrations.
Plasma flow at a high Mach-number
Authors: Yu Bing , Hameiri Eliezer
Published: September 2013

Unlike the case of static magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria, where an expansion in large aspect ratio of toroidal devices is common, cases of MHD equilibria with flow are rarely treated this way, and when this is done the expansion tends to be only partial. The main reason for the difference seems to be the difficulty of expanding the larger system of equilibrium equations with flow. Here, we use a recent expansion technique which employs a variational principle to simplify the process [E. Hameiri, Phys. Plasmas 20, 024504 (2013)]. We treat four cases of MHD equilibria with flow, developing their asymptotic expansions in full, and for an application consider the effect of the flow on the Shafranov shift.
Structure and magnetism of epitaxial SrTi0.78Cu0.22O3−δ films with mixed-valence Cu ions
Authors: Kim Dong Hun , Dionne Gerald F. , Ross C. A.
Published: September 2013

The structure and magnetic behavior of Cu-substituted Sr2+Ti4+O3-δ (STCu) thin films with ∼22% Cu on the Ti sites, grown on CeO2/yttria stabilized zirconia buffered (001) Si substrates were investigated. STCu films grew with (110) orientation or with a mixed (001)+(110) orientation and were under in-plane compressive strain. They showed weak room temperature ferromagnetism with a saturation magnetization of 0.3 ∼ 1.7 emu/cm3. Cu ions in STCu grown in an oxygen atmosphere existed mainly as Cu3+ with a small proportion of Cu2+, while in STCu grown in vacuum, Cu1+ ions were dominant with small amounts of Cu2+ and Cu3+. The saturation magnetization was attributed to the Cu2+ (3d9, S = 1/2) concentration, and the majority of Cu3+ (3d8, S = 0) ions were stabilized in the low-spin diamagnetic electron configuration similar to that found in mixed-valence layered perovskite superconductor compounds.
Index antiguiding in narrow ridge-waveguide (In,Al)GaN-based laser diodes
Authors: Redaelli L. , Wenzel H. , Martens M. , Einfeldt S. , Kneissl M. , Tränkle G.
Published: September 2013

The threshold current density of narrow (1.5 μm) ridge waveguide (In,Al)GaN based laser diodes is found to strongly depend on the ridge etch depth. By solving the complex-value two-dimensional waveguide equation, it is shown that, for shallow-ridge devices with a small built-in index step, the dependence of the modal gain on the material gain is strongly influenced by antiguiding effects. Taking into account the lateral extension of the material gain beyond the ridge as well as the optical mode absorption in the unpumped regions of the quantum wells, the observed differences in the threshold current density can be reproduced by simulations.
Gate depletion of an InSb two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Uddin M. M. , Liu H. W. , Yang K. F. , Nagase K. , Sekine K. , Gaspe C. K. , Mishima T. D. , Santos M. B. , Hirayama Y.
Published: September 2013

We investigated the gate control of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined to InSb quantum wells with an Al2O3 gate dielectric formed by atomic layer deposition on a surface layer of Al0.1In0.9Sb or InSb. The wider bandgap of Al0.1In0.9Sb compared to InSb resulted in a linear, sharp, and non-hysteretic response of the 2DEG density to gate bias in the structure with an Al0.1In0.9Sb surface layer. In contrast, a nonlinear, slow, and hysteretic (nonvolatile-memory-like) response was observed in the structure with an InSb surface layer. The 2DEG with the Al0.1In0.9Sb surface layer was completely depleted by application of a small gate voltage (∼ −0.9 V).
Observation of trap-assisted space charge limited conductivity in short channel MoS2 transistor
Authors: Ghatak Subhamoy , Ghosh Arindam
Published: September 2013

We present temperature dependent I–V measurements of short channel MoS2 field effect devices at high source-drain bias. We find that, although the I–V characteristics are ohmic at low bias, the conduction becomes space charge limited at high VDS, and existence of an exponential distribution of trap states was observed. The temperature independent critical drain-source voltage (Vc) was also determined. The density of trap states was quantitatively calculated from Vc. The possible origin of exponential trap distribution in these devices is also discussed.
Electromagnetic simulation modeling of silicon substrate for 60 GHz on-chip differential-feed dipole antenna
Authors: Hirano T. , Okada K. , Hirokawa J. , Ando M.
Published: September 2013

A 60 Gigahertz (GHz) on-chip differential-feed dipole antenna integrated in a 65 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is investigated by simulation and measurement. It was found that it is important to model lossy thin well layer on the surface of CMOS substrate. Simulated frequency characteristic of scattering parameters agreed well with measured one. The simulated radiation efficiency was 3.4%. The loss factor was estimated by electromagnetic simulation, and it was found that low radiation efficiency was mainly due to the existence of the lossy layer and high conductivity of 10 S/m of silicon substrate.
Phase-compensated metasurface for a conformal microwave antenna
Authors: Germain Dylan , Seetharamdoo Divitha , Nawaz Burokur Shah , de Lustrac André
Published: September 2013

The in-phase radiation from a conformal metamaterial surface is numerically and experimentally reported. The LC-resonant metasurface is composed of a simultaneously capacitive and an inductive grid constituted by copper strips printed on both sides of a dielectric board. The metasurface is designed to fit a curved surface by modifying its local phase. The latter phase-compensated metasurface is used as a reflector in a conformal Fabry-Pérot resonant cavity designed to operate at microwave frequencies. Far-field measurements performed on a fabricated prototype allow showing the good performances of such a phase-compensated metasurface in restoring in-phase emissions from the conformal surface and producing a directive emission in the desired direction.
Manipulation of band structures in wurtzite and zinc-blende GaAs/InAs-core-shell nanowires
Authors: Song Changsheng , Wang Jiqing , Lin Weixian , Mao Huibing , Zhao Qiang , Yang Pingxiong , Xing Huaizhong
Published: September 2013

Using first principles calculation based on density-functional theory, we adopted internal and external two mechanisms to manipulate the band structures of wurtzite and zinc-blende GaAs/InAs-core-shell nanowires (NWs) along the [0001] and [111] directions, respectively. Variational geometry size and chemical component are the internal approaches to tune the band structures. The band gaps are nonlinear composition dependence for the core-shell NWs with fixed diameter and linear composition dependence for the NWs with fixed core. Using external uniaxial strain is another alternative approach. We found that the relative band gap decreases evidently with tensile strain, while it gradually increases with increasing compressive strain. The higher the ratio of GaAs composition in the core-shell NWs, the larger the variations of the relative energy. More interestingly, in wurtzite core-shell NWs, we found a critical reflection point, which results from the two competition states between bonding and anti-bonding. Compared with the wurtzite pure GaAs NWs, the reflection point of GaAs/InAs-core-shell NWs appears in a larger compressive strain.
Tuning the length dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by ball milling
Authors: Forró László , Gaal Richard , Grimaldi Claudio , Mionić Marijana , Ribič Primož Rebernik , Smajda Rita , Magrez Arnaud
Published: September 2013

The statistical analysis of the length distribution of catalytic chemical vapour deposition synthesized multi-walled carbon nanotubes cut by planetary ball milling is reported. The nanotube lengths follow a log-normal distribution in a broad range of grinding time and rotational speed. We show that the scale parameter of the distribution, which equals the mean of the natural logarithm of the tube lengths, decreases linearly with the product of the duration time and the rotational speed. This relation can be used for tailoring nanotube lengths by a suitable choice of process parameters for a wide range of applications.
Synthesis of Mg Complexes Supported by Tris-(1-pyrazolyl)phosphine
Authors: Bartholomew Amymarie K. , Guard Louise M. , Hazari Nilay , Luzik Eddie D.
Published: September 2013

The preparation and characterisation of two Mg coordination compounds supported by the tris(1-pyrazolyl)phosphine (P(pz)3) ligand, [{P(pz)3}Mg(MeCN)3](I)2 and [Mg{P(pz)3}2](I)2, is described. This is the first time this ligand has been coordinated to Mg or any other s-block metal and the complexes are the first examples of crystallographically characterised P(pz)3 complexes on any metal. The structures of the new Mg complexes are compared with related species with the more common tridentate facial ligands, tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate (Tp), tris(pyrazolyl)methane (Tpm), and tris(pyrazolyl)methanide (Tpmd).
Altered chromatin condensation of heat-stressed spermatozoa perturbs the dynamics of DNA methylation reprogramming in the paternal genome after in vitro fertilisation in cattle
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Bozlur , Kamal Md. Mostofa , Rijsselaere Tom , Vandaele Leen , Shamsuddin Mohammed , Van Soom Ann
Published: September 2013

Shortly after penetration of the oocyte, sperm DNA is actively demethylated, which is required for totipotent zygotic development. Aberrant DNA methylation is thought to be associated with altered chromatin condensation of spermatozoa. The objectives of this study were to investigate the dynamics of DNA methylation reprogramming in the paternal pronucleus and subsequent fertilisation potential of heat-stressed bull spermatozoa having altered chromatin condensation. Hence, bovine zygotes (n = 1239) were collected at three different time points (12, 18 and 24 h post insemination, hpi), and stained with an antibody against 5-methylcytosine. Fluorescence intensities of paternal and maternal pronuclei were measured by ImageJ. DNA methylation patterns in paternal pronuclei derived from heat-stressed spermatozoa did not differ between time points (P > 0.05), whereas control zygotes clearly showed demethylation and de novo methylation at 18 and 24 hpi, respectively. Moreover, heat-stressed spermatozoa showed a highly reduced (P < 0.01) fertilisation rate compared with non-heat-stressed or normal control spermatozoa (53.7% vs 70.2% or 81.5%, respectively). Our data show that the normal pattern of active DNA demethylation followed by de novo methylation in the paternal pronucleus is perturbed when oocytes are fertilised with heat-stressed spermatozoa, which may be responsible for decreased fertilisation potential.
Translation counterparts as markers of meaning
Authors: Malá Markéta
Published: September 2013

The paper explores the applicability of a method of contrastive corpus-supported research which relies on the use of salient translation counterparts as markers of a particular meaning. The markers are identified among the Czech counterparts of the individual semantic sub-classes of English copular verbs, and subsequently used to trace other, structurally diverse, English constructions which convey the same meaning as the copulas in question (constructions expressing epistemic stance or resultative meaning). Since the repertoire of copular verbs is much narrower in Czech than in English, the translation counterparts display a variety of formally divergent means rendering into Czech the meanings conveyed by the English copulas. The overt counterparts which are closely associated with a particular semantic group of copulas, and structurally as well as semantically sufficiently unambiguous, can serve as markers. Although the method has its limitations, where practicable it may facilitate searching for function in a corpus. The material is drawn from the multilingual parallel corpus InterCorp.