bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Owners of the sands»: sand protection works on the lands of the nomadic peoples of Southern Russia (Nogais, Kalmyks and Turkmens) in the XIX – early XX centuries
Authors:   Pyatigorsk State University, Aigul T. Dzhumagulova
Published: October 2024

The publication examines the organization of sand protection works carried out in semi–desert zones of Southern Russia in the XIX - early XX centuries. Despite separate publications on measures to combat desertification in the Russian Empire, sand protection activities that unfolded in the XIX – early XX centuries on the lands of the nomadic peoples of Southern Russia (Nogais, Kalmyks and Turkmens) did not become the subject of separate works, which determines the nov-elty of the study. The peculiarities of the natural, climatic and geographical living conditions of nomads and their irrational use of arid zones as pasture lands for their livestock were factors that caused the rapid growth of sands in the XIX – early XX centuries. Sand protection works in the south and officials of the sand-ravine parties and the corps of foresters of the Forest Department, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of State Property, carried south-east of Russia out. The ac-tivities of sand protection organizations included experimental measures to combat desertifica-tion, which included husking and grass sowing on the sands, sowing sandy oats, removing sands from the use of their owners, forestry and horticulture in the steppe. The source base of the study was materials extracted from the State Archives of the Stavropol Territory (GASK) funds: 153 «Forester of the Stavropol sandy-ravine district» and 247 «Stavropol Provincial Forest Protection Committee». Historiographical works on the study of the problem include publications by pre–revolutionary, Soviet and modern researchers involved in combating desertification in Southern Russia in the XIX - early XX centuries. The analysis of materials and sources made it possible to trace the peculiarities of the activities of central and regional authorities, local societies (A.D. – owners of sands), and other organizations that participated in sand protection works during the historical period under consideration. The conclusion is formulated that the sand protection activi-ty that unfolded in the South of Russia in the XIX – early XX centuries. It included many forest reclamation works, the purpose of which was to curb the process of desertification of pasture and agricultural lands of Nogais, Kalmyks and Turkmens, which in turn was a measure of protection and guardianship of the life, health and economic and cultural activities of nomadic peoples with-in the Russian Empire.
Examining the Correlation Between Sustainable Supply Chains and Economic Growth in the United States
Authors: Onwuzulu Chinelo , Asawasukhon Piyanut
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the critical intersection of climate change, depleting natural resources, and the urgent need for sustainability initiatives to ensure long-term economic growth and environmental conservation. With a growing demand for eco-friendly products and sustainable business practices, the role of supply chain management in promoting sustainable development has become increasingly significant. Hou et al. (2023) highlighted the convergence between sustainability and supply chains, identifying areas for future research. However, the relationship between sustainable supply chains and economic growth in the United States remains underexplored. This qualitative research aims to investigate this correlation by analyzing relevant literature and empirical studies. The findings will offer recommendations to support the United States in achieving its sustainability and economic growth objectives, considering its position as a global leader.
Utilizing Project Management Techniques to Model Critical Success Factors in Large-Scale Construction Projects
Authors: Ani Dr. Sabah Noori Hammoodi Al
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the application of project management techniques to model critical success factors (CSFs) in large-scale construction projects, utilizing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to validate the measurement model. Through factor level analysis, eight distinct categories of CSFs were identified, highlighting their significance in project management success. The structural model analysis revealed positive correlations between project management success and CSFs, impacting project-level outcomes such as customer satisfaction, team satisfaction, and project profitability. Strong predictive validity and appropriate model fit were demonstrated through R-squared and Q-squared values, as well as WarpPLS analysis. The study's theoretical implications include a clear differentiation between project management success and project success, while practical implications underscore the importance of leveraging success factors to enhance project outcomes. Overall, the research provides valuable insights for improving the management and performance of large-scale construction projects.
The Reality of Applying Strategic Drift and its Impact on Maintaining Human Capital “An Applied Study on Administrative Leaders at the University of Babylon”
Authors: Mahdi Jwan Fadel
Published: October 2024

Current Research adopts The study of strategic drift with its factors (Culture, leadership and Strategic planning), As an Independent Variable and its impact on the preservation of human Capital, The Research Seeks To Achieve, a goal Of testing. The Relationship Between, The two Variables and One affecting, The other, from which several main and sub-hypotheses emerged, and were selected (University of Babylon), A community of research and testing of its assumptions, Due To, The Large Size Of, The Original sample, the Sample Of Research consisted of (95) managerial positions in the research organization, in order to verify, the veracity of the hypotheses built as well as to process, The data on which The sample's responses were based, The statistical programmer was used (28 SPSS), and The research employed statistical methods, That were suitable and aligned with its nature, The Study revealed, a correlation and moral impact between the strategic drift at the macro - level of the respondents. Through the act of conserving , The Director of Human capital conducted a comprehensive study, analyzed the research findings, and formulated a series of conclusions, Subsequently, research suggestion ware proposed.
The Influence of Islamic Financial Literacy and Social Environment on Saving Intentions in Islamic Banking: A Case Study of Economics and Business Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Soeparno Wahyu Sugeng Imam , Hasibuan Widya Sartika , HR Walad Altsani , Khairina T. Wulan Suci
Published: October 2024

This study examines the influence of Islamic financial literacy and social environment on students' interest in saving at Islamic banks in Indonesia. A quantitative survey of 100 students at Universitas Sumatera Utara, analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS), reveals that both Islamic financial literacy and social factors, including religiosity, peer influence, and societal norms, significantly impact saving behavior, with social factors having a stronger effect. The research highlights challenges in improving students' Islamic financial knowledge and advocates for targeted educational programs. It suggests that aligning Islamic banking services with students' social and religious values can enhance saving intentions. The findings contribute to understanding how education and social environments shape financial behavior in the Islamic banking sector and propose strategies to enhance financial literacy for inclusive growth.
Historical Development and Anhancement of Managerial Quality: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Akhmadjonovich Shoev Davronbek
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the historical development and enhancement of managerial quality, focusing on its role in economic growth and organizational success. Despite existing research on management, a clear and standardized definition of managerial quality remains absent, presenting a knowledge gap in the field. The research employs a comparative analysis of management theories and practical methodologies to define and improve management quality. Findings highlight the key factors influencing managerial effectiveness, including decision-making efficiency and personnel qualifications. The results suggest that improving management quality directly enhances organizational performance and competitiveness. These findings have significant implications for developing effective management systems in both national and international markets.
Methodological Basis of the Quality Management Concept System in Construction Industry Enterprises
Authors: Azimovna Musayeva Shoira
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the need for enhancing international competitiveness in the construction sector through the implementation of ISO 9001-2015 quality management systems. Despite ongoing reforms, there remains a gap in the scientific and methodological understanding of how these systems can be effectively applied within the industry. The research aims to develop a methodological framework and practical mechanism for integrating quality management systems in construction enterprises, particularly in regional contexts. Using a qualitative approach, the study examines existing practices, identifies challenges, and proposes a structured model for quality control. The findings offer actionable insights for improving operational efficiency and aligning industry standards with global benchmarks.
American Transcendental Philosophy and Neo-Vedantic thoughts in the Writings of Swami Vivekananda
Authors: Banerjee Dr. Subhashis
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the philosophy of transcendentalism and spiritualism, specifically Advaita Vedanta, as articulated by Swami Vivekananda. A prominent philosopher and social reformer of the 19th century, Swami Vivekananda was significantly influenced by the works of Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman, and other thinkers. Upon arriving in America, he engaged with the Transcendental Movement, which represented a modified interpretation of Transcendental Idealism. His interactions with various American transcendentalists further shaped his understanding of transcendental and spiritual concepts. Through his lectures and writings, he conveyed profound philosophical insights to a global audience.
Occurrence of Transposition and Substantivization Phenomena Between Adjectival and Noun Word Categories in Uzbek
Authors: Iroda Mamarasulova , Erbutayeva Sh.U.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the phenomena of transposition and substantivization between adjectival and noun word categories in the Uzbek language, an area that remains underexplored in linguistic research. By analyzing selected texts, the study identifies shifts where adjectives become nouns (substantivization) and nouns assume adjectival roles (transposition), focusing on their contextual usage in proverbs, literary works, and everyday speech. The research identifies 150 instances of these shifts, demonstrating the flexibility and dynamic nature of word categories in Uzbek. The findings provide new insights into language evolution and structural adaptability, with broader implications for understanding the linguistic characteristics of Turkic languages.
An introduction to the physics of time travel
Authors: Kruusen Marek-Lars
Published: October 2024

Spacetime tunnels are such physical objects that allow any bodies to move very large distances in space in an instant or to move from one moment in time to another. In Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, these tunnels are derived from the geometry of curved spacetimes in which mathematical differential equations and tensors occur. However, this work shows that spacetime tunnels cannot be described by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity alone. This means that relativity is not sufficient to describe all aspects of a tunnel in spacetime. This requires new approaches and understandings of the physics of the universe. The new understanding is the physical theory of time travel, which, according to the best current knowledge, describes spacetime tunnels in the most accurate and objective way. The physics of spacetime tunnels is a part of the physics theory of time travel, which is briefly presented in this paper. In this work, the focus is not on the technical possibility of creating spacetime tunnels, but on those aspects that determine the lengths and directions of spacetime tunnels. For example, the length of the tunnels depends on how far the bodies move in a moment in space or time. However, the directions of the tunnels determine whether the bodies move in space or time to the past/future. These aspects must be known if we want to technically create the world's first tunnel in spacetime.
How COVID-19 influenced collaboration within work and school settings: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Gyongyosi Emily , Hummel Anneliese , Berstler Kevin , Williams Lisa , Donovan Courtney
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically altered traditional work and academic environments, forcing many to shift to remote collaboration and telework. This study investigates how the pandemic has influenced collaboration in work and school settings, focusing on attitudes toward remote collaboration pre-, during, and post-pandemic. A qualitative approach was employed, with interviews conducted among five graduate students working in various sectors. Deductive coding of the transcripts revealed emergent themes surrounding attitudes toward collaboration, including perceived challenges, positive experiences, and shifts in collaboration norms. Prior to the pandemic, interviewees described in-person collaboration as convenient but logistically challenging. During the height of the pandemic, technological and psychological barriers, including feelings of isolation and frustrations with adapting to new platforms, negatively impacted collaboration experiences. However, participants also noted positive outcomes, such as geographic flexibility and time efficiency. Post-pandemic, remote collaboration became normalized, with participants expressing greater ease and work-life balance, but also feelings of needing to be "always on." This research highlights the complexities of adapting to remote collaboration and provides insights into how such practices may continue to evolve. The study calls for further exploration into remote collaboration's long-term effects on productivity and well-being in diverse professional and academic contexts.Key Words: Telework, post-pandemic collaboration, workplace adaptation
Lipid Metabolism and Proteostasis Interdependencies and Implications for Nuclear Envelope Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Khavari Sepehr
Published: October 2024

The maintenance of cellular homeostasis features the interplay between the mechanisms of proteostasis and lipid metabolism with the integrity of the nuclear envelope (NE). When disruptions to this balance occur, cells become more susceptible to the pathogenesis of diseases that involve ER stress or neurodegeneration, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Focusing on the impact of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, this review analyzes the molecular mechanisms that support the interconnected pathways of lipid metabolism and proteostasis: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) are two examples of molecular targets to preserve NE integrity and mitigate proteotoxic stress. Examination of these mechanisms can lead to the development of treatments—potentially involving small molecules and gene therapies—to restore lipid and proteostasis balance. By comprehending the interdependency between proteostasis and lipid metabolism, we can develop a new understanding of the complex cellular pathways involved with the ER and NE to develop therapeutics to address diseases associated with the dysfunction of these organelles.
Care for the Soul of Science: Equity and Virtue in Reform and Reformation
Authors: Knibbe Mare , de Rijcke Sarah , Penders Bart
Published: October 2024

In order to build legitimacy, we argue that reform movements need to make their moral programmes visible and account for their value-prioritisation . To support such reflection on moral programmes, we compare moral programs of the protestant Reformation and the reform movement in science. We argue that moral programs play a crucial role in shaping science, and different moral programs offer different promises for sustained support of credible, reliable, fair, and equitable science. We primarily discuss the virtue and equity programmes and through interrogating both reform programmes in relation to the Reformation, we seek to display the relevance of sociopolitical contexts for how key values operate in science and how they generate orders of worth. These conversations will allow us to determine when and where which moral programme would serve us and others best.
Universalism is Not White: Commentary on Sue et al (2024)
Authors: Strambler Michael J.
Published: October 2024

This commentary responds to Sue, Neville, and Smith's (2024) claim that principles such as universalism, individualism, objectivism, and empiricism are "pillars of white epistemology." Drawing on W.E.B. Du Bois' embrace of Western intellectual traditions, this commentary argues that such ideals are not inherently racialized but rather central to human flourishing. In their critique of universalism, Sue and colleagues conflate the misapplication of universalism with the intended meaning of the concept. Rather than characterizing universalism in racial terms, this commentary contends that its accurate application promotes fairness and inclusivity and aligns with civil rights and human rights movements. Defining valuable concepts like universalism through a racial lens risks alienating scholars and undermining ideas that could advance mental health and psychological research across all demographics.
Interplay between genetic risk and built neighborhood conditions as predictor of BMI across the transition into adulthood
Authors: de Roo Marthe , Hartman Catharina , Wagtendonk Alfred , Hoek Hans Wijbrand , Lakerveld Jeroen , Kretschmer Tina
Published: October 2024

Objective:We examined BMI development across changes in the built environment during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood and explored the moderating role of genetic risk.Methods:We used longitudinal data from ages 16 to 25 of the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) that we linked to built environment data for 2006, 2010, and 2016 from the Geoscience and Health Cohort Consortium. We fitted a latent growth model of BMI and examined associations between changes in fast-food restaurant density and walkability with changes in BMI (n=2735) as well as interactions of changes in fast-food restaurant density and walkability with genetic risk (n=1676).Results:Changes in fast-food restaurant density (e.g., Δ 2010-2006: β=-0.04, 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.03) and walkability (e.g., Δ 2010-2006: β=-0.05, 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.05) were not associated with BMI change. Additionally, genetic risk did not moderate these associations.Conclusions:We found limited evidence that moving to fast-food denser or less walkable neighborhoods was associated with BMI development or that genetic risk moderated these associations. Our findings suggest that associations between the built environment and BMI change during the transition into young adulthood are likely small.
Representational shifts as a distinct mechanism in associative learning and generalization
Authors: Yu Kenny , Verheyen Steven , Beckers Tom , vanpaemel wolf , tuerlinckx francis , Zaman Jonas
Published: October 2024

The peak shift effect in generalization, a robust phenomenon where the maximal response occurs to stimuli shifted away from the conditioned stimulus in the direction opposite the inhibitory stimulus, has been predominantly attributed to associative learning. However, recent findings point to biases in stimulus representation as an alternative mechanism. Our research, comprising two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 76; Experiment 2: N = 234), investigated whether the peak shift effect could emerge from a stimulus contrast effect, independent of associative learning. By comparing stimulus identification patterns between simple and differential conditioning groups both after stimulus exposure and following associative learning, we found that shifts in the identification of conditioned stimuli were primarily driven by a stimulus contrast effect, rather than associative learning per se. This representational shift was closely associated with the peak shift phenomenon observed in post-learning generalization patterns, with identification errors strongly impacting generalized responding. These results underscore the importance of considering stimulus representations as an independent process in understanding learning-based behavior, offering new insights into the mechanisms underlying generalization phenomena.
Auditory Kappa Effects Can Be Explained by Perceptual Grouping Based on Feature Similarity
Authors: Kroger Carolyn , Fu Deborah R. , Hartl Renee M. Banakis , Mehta Anahita
Published: October 2024

Pitch, timing, and space in auditory perception interact, causing changes in one dimension to distort judgments of others (Boltz, 1998; Henry et al., 2009; Jones et al., 2006). The auditory kappa effect exemplifies this, as larger pitch changes between sequential tones create an illusion of longer time intervals (Cohen et al., 1954). Traditionally studied with three-tone sequences (‘A-X-B’), this effect shows that varying the middle tone’s pitch relative to the first and third tones skews time interval perception. The prevailing auditory motion hypothesis (Henry & McAuley, 2009) proposes that a “pitch velocity” is inferred from a consistent pitch trajectory. We tested this against the auditory grouping hypothesis, which proposes that feature similarity affects perceived timing. Experiment 1 tested the kappa effect under varying pitch separations, revealing slower pitch velocities produced larger effects, contradicting the motion hypothesis. Experiment 2 examined inconsistent pitch trajectories to challenge the stability of pitch velocity referents, and still found kappa effects, further supporting the auditory grouping hypothesis. Experiment 3 investigated the kappa effect in auditory space, confirming that sounds presented closer in space are judged as occurring closer in time. These findings suggest that the kappa effect results from the grouping of auditory events by feature similarity, opposing the auditory motion hypothesis.
Role of computed tomography enteroclysis in the evaluation of small bowel diseases
Authors: Safeeq Ahmed Meeran S  , Abinaya S  , Benin Reejan D
Published: October 2024

Background: Examining small bowel loops within the peritoneal cavity poses significant challenges because of their length and overlapping nature.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of computed tomography enteroclysis (CTE) in diagnosing small intestinal diseases and to understand its clinical application.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from November 2019 to October 2021 in 30 patients undergoing CTE treatment. The day before treatment, bowel preparation included a low-residue diet, lots of fluids, an overnight fast of 8–12 h, and laxatives. A 16-slice Aquilion Lightning computed tomography (CT) scanner was used in general hospitals, and a 128-slice GE Healthcare helical CT scanner was used in multispecialty hospitals.
Results: Among the 30 patients, 20 (66.7%) were male, and 10 (33.3%) were female, predominantly aged between 30 and 60 years old. Positive findings were noted in 23 patients (76.7%), including intestinal tuberculosis, inflammatory bowel disease, small bowel obstruction, and neoplastic lesions. Various small intestinal pathologies, such as non-specific edema, intussusception, and ischemic bowel disease, were also identified.
Conclusion: This raises the standard of current small bowel imaging by delivering suitable intestinal distension using the enteral volume challenge principle and helps identify and characterize small-bowel problems.
Impact of baseline body mass index on antidepressant response: A study in newly diagnosed patients at a tertiary care center in Kolkata
Authors: Uday Sankar Mandal  , Nandalal Mal  , Suchismita Mallick  , Abhishek Dandapath  , Aritra Bandyopadhyay  , Saswati Nath
Published: October 2024

Background: Depression, affecting 350 million globally, poses significant morbidity and mortality. The correlation between major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity is noted, with studies indicating poorer treatment outcomes among obese individuals. Measuring weight and body mass index (BMI) could aid in predicting depression treatment outcomes, influencing drug efficacy due to their ease of measurement, amid the shared public health burden of MDD and obesity.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate baseline BMI’s impact on antidepressant response in newly diagnosed outpatient department (OPD) patients at a tertiary care center.
Materials and Methods: This longitudinal observational study was conducted with OPD patients at a tertiary care center, aged 18–65 years with newly diagnosed MDD. Assessment tools included the Diagnostic Criteria for Research accompanying the ICD-10, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and physical measurement devices. Sample size determination considered BMI groups: Normal to underweight (N1=120), overweight (N2=120), and obese (N3=70). The methodology involved patient history, examination, and follow-up assessments after 6 weeks, analyzing antidepressant response statistically.
Results: Obese patients exhibited reduced treatment response rates compared to normal and overweight counterparts. Responders had lower mean BMI. Gender disparities in obesity prevalence were noted. Limitations: The study’s limitations include a small sample size of 310 cases, single-center design, and potential selection bias in a tertiary care setting.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the complex relationship between BMI, depression severity, and treatment response. Obese individuals demonstrated higher initial depression scores and poorer treatment response, echoing previous research. The study highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches that consider individual BMI levels to optimize depression management strategies effectively.
Fetomaternal outcomes in vaginal discharge during pregnancy: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Bansal P  , Jain S  , Singh P  , Goel N  , Dahiya P
Published: October 2024

Background: Vaginal discharge (VD) is a common symptom in women during the reproductive period, especially during pregnancy. Pathological VD during pregnancy is an important public health concern because it has a sociopsychological impact on women and influences fetomaternal outcomes.
Aims and Objectives: The study aims to estimate the prevalence of pathological discharge in pregnant women. The study also focuses on the demographic profile and various risk factors associated with pathological VDs and their consequences on fetal and maternal health.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care center in Northern India. A total of 150 pregnant women with complaints of VD in the second and third trimesters with confirmation on speculum examination were recruited and evaluated for the etiology of discharge. Patients were followed until delivery and data regarding fetomaternal outcomes was collected.
Results: The prevalence of pathological VD among enrolled women was 39.33% and various etiologies were candidiasis (15.33%), bacterial vaginosis (10.66%), aerobic vaginitis (8.67%), and trichomoniasis (4.67%). These infections were significantly related to pre-term delivery and pre-term pre-labor rupture of membranes. Furthermore, the incidence of prematurity, and low birth weight neonates requiring neonatal intensive care unit care was significantly high in babies born to mothers with pathological VD.
Conclusion: Vaginal infections affect both maternal and neonatal health, thus, increasing the likelihood of poor perinatal outcomes. Hence, we propose that routine screening for pathological VD for all pregnant women should be introduced into standard antenatal care.
Decoding microbial keratitis: Epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and treatment outcomes in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Adroja Nikhil B , Parmar Dipali P , Bhole Pradnya K , Trivedi Kinjal Y
Published: October 2024

Background: Infectious keratitis poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, with variable incidence rates reported globally. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent ocular morbidity and potential blindness.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to study and investigate the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, clinical progression, microbiological findings, and treatment outcomes of microbial keratitis in a tertiary care center in western India.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from July 2020 to July 2022, enrolling 90 patients with suspected microbial keratitis. Clinical data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Most patients were males (67.80%) and laborers (27.8%) from urban areas, with fungal keratitis being more prevalent in rural regions. No statistically significant associations were found between keratitis type and demographic factors, such as age, gender, occupation, or socioeconomic status. Bacterial keratitis was more common in urban areas. Delayed presentation was linked to larger ulcers and worse visual outcomes. Fungal keratitis presented with smaller but deeper ulcers compared to bacterial keratitis. We found 8.06% positivity rate for Gram and KOH stain each. Microbiological cultures identified bacteria and fungi in 11.29% and 20.97% samples, respectively. Treatment varied from topical medications to surgery, with 26.67% of patients receiving both.
Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of prompt diagnosis, targeted treatment, and comprehensive microbiological workup in managing microbial keratitis to prevent vision and eye loss. Further research is warranted to enhance understanding and optimize management strategies for this sight-threatening condition.
Study of etiology, clinical profile, and outcome of altered sensorium patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sudhir  , Avinash HR  , Yashawant NS
Published: October 2024

Background: Altered sensorium is one of the most common presentations in patients coming to the emergency room. It includes decreased level of consciousness, attention disorder, arousal disorder, and cognitive disorder. The causes of altered sensorium can be varied, some of which are cerebrovascular diseases, alcoholism, cerebral trauma, hypoglycemia, epilepsy, drug intoxication, and neuroinfection. 4–10% of the patients presenting to the emergency department may have altered mental status. The outcome is dependent on early identification and effective treatment using investigations and imaging technologies, and it might range from full recovery to permanent damage to death.
Aims and Objectives: (1) To study clinical profile and etiology in altered sensorium patients. (2) To assess outcomes in altered sensorium patients.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, clinical examination and investigations are done and data are collected using pro forma for patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. In this study, all altered sensorium patients were evaluated by detailed history, clinical examination, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), laboratory investigations, computed tomography brain, and other investigations. All patients were followed up till discharge or death of the patient in the hospital.
Results: There were 270 patients who presented with encephalopathy, 184 (68%) were males. The majority of these patients 60 (22.2%) were in the age group of 51–60 years old. The most common cause is neurological in 109 (40.3%) patients, metabolic in 64 (24%) patients, and sepsis in 50 (19%) patients. Ischemic stroke 83 (76%) is the most common neurological cause. Hepatic encephalopathy was the most common cause of metabolic encephalopathy present in 21 (32%) patients. Pneumonia was the most common infection. There were 114 (42.2%) deaths. Septic encephalopathy is the most common cause of mortality. Early presentation to the hospital, higher GCS, and conscious level at presentation were good prognostic markers of outcome in patients, while septic encephalopathy was found to have the worst prognosis.
Conclusion: The common etiologies of encephalopathy are neurological followed by metabolic and sepsis. Early presentation to the emergency room within 6 h of symptom onset, higher GCS, neurological and metabolic causes are associated with a good prognosis. The mortality rate was 42.2%. Septic encephalopathy is the most common cause of death with pneumonia being the most common source of infection.
Nasogastric tube insertion in anesthetized, intubated adult patients: A comparison between combined lateral position with throat pack in situ and lateral position alone
Authors: Rajdeep Biswas  , Soma Chakraborty  , Sangita Mandal  , Subha Sankar Das  , Sarfraaz Rahman  , Mandal Mohanchandra
Published: October 2024

Background: Although the proper placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is usually a simple procedure, it may be challenging one in case of its placement in anesthetized intubated patients. At times, it may be tiresome even for the expert anesthesiologist. Different techniques have varying success rates. Many novel techniques are entering the avenue to be tested. Combinations of different techniques are showing improved success rates over individual techniques.
Aims and Objectives: This interventional study primarily aimed at comparing the success rates of proper placement of NGT in the first attempt between the “combined lateral position with throat pack in situ” and “lateral position alone.”
Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 180 adults (≥18 years), posted for abdominal surgeries requiring NGT insertion. Patients received NGT placement using the “combined lateral position with throat pack in situ” technique (Group A, n=80) or lateral position alone (Group B, n=80). The proportion of patients in whom correct placement of NGT was possible in the first attempt using either of the techniques (primary outcome), the procedure time for successful placement of NGT, and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the groups.
Results: Correct placement of NGT in the first attempt was possible in considerably higher proportions of patients using the combined technique over lateral position alone (87.5% vs. 68.75%, P=0.007). The procedure time was comparable in both groups (23.7±6.6 vs. 25.2±5.2, combined vs. lateral position alone, P=0.093). Coiling was found to be considerably reduced in the combined method compared with the “lateral position alone” (8.75% vs.17.5%, P=0.03).
Conclusion: Combined lateral position with throat pack in situ technique can be a better alternative to “lateral position alone” for NGT insertion in anesthetized, intubated adult patients.
Impact of slouching on heart rate variability and cardiovascular health among medical students
Authors: Nisha Ghimire  , Soumitra Mukhopadhyay
Published: October 2024

Background: Medical students frequently adopt poor postures such as slouching potentially impacting health. Heart rate variability (HRV) serves as an indicator of autonomic nervous system function, correlated with cardiovascular health.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare HRV parameters among medical students in three postures: Sitting erect, easy pose (cross-legged), and slouching (stooping head and shoulders).
Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study enrolled 26 male medical students. Participants were instructed to maintain each posture for 5 min while HRV was recorded using a Polar V800. Time domain and frequency domain parameters among different postures were analyzed using Friedman’s test and post hoc tests for pairwise comparisons. P<0.05 was considered significant. Data were expressed as median interquartile range.
Results: Significant differences were observed in HRV parameters between postures. The easy pose demonstrated a significantly higher median value of root mean square of differences of successive RR intervals (48.28 ms vs. 35.35 ms) and pNN50% (24.40% vs. 13.62%) compared to slouching. Frequency domain analysis revealed a significantly higher median value of high-frequency (HF) power in easy pose (626.56 ms² vs. 378.15 ms²) and HF normalized unit (33.78 vs. 22.55) compared to slouching. A lower low frequency (LF)/HF ratio and (1.96 vs. 3.43) lower LF normalized unit (66.18 vs. 77.30) was also seen in easy pose. Although statistically not significant, the parasympathetic indicators of HRV were higher in erect sitting compared to slouching posture.
Conclusion: Among medical students, adopting the easy pose (cross-legged sitting) appeared to enhance HRV and thus increase parasympathetic activity, whereas adopting slouching postures decreased it.
Bibliometric Analysis of Human Aggression Research: Trends, Collaborative Networks and Emerging Themes in the Last Decade
Authors: Neupane Dasarath , Lourdusamy A.
Published: October 2024

The analysis of research trends, the pattern of collaboration, and growth in citations with respect to works in psychology and related fields published over a decade are laid out. The steady increase in citations from 2014 through 2023 shows increasing recognition and impact on the works cited. However, the publication trends over the years are wavering, with significant drops occurring after 2014 and during the pandemic in 2020, followed by a significant increase in 2022 and an anticipated rise in 2023. There is a lot of strength in collaboration related to the involvement of central authors and countries, with the United States being identified as the major hub. There is an interdisciplinary focus on the psychological, biological, and social dimensions of the study on human aggression. Despite such a breadth of research, some potential gaps remain in uncovering cultural, economic, and intervention strategies. This overview emphasizes the strength and interdisciplinary characteristics of this field and insists on its continued relevance while pointing out possibilities for future research.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Certain Pesticides and Black Plastic Mulch as an Approach of Developing Integrated Pest Management for Melon Fruit Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae)
Authors: Gyawali Pramod , Saud Bharat , Lohani Sujana , Mahato Babi Kumari , Panthi Sunita
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Pyuthan Municipality, Pyuthan district of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal to develop an integrated pest management strategy against melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae). The experiment was laid out in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was different doses of pesticides; Spinosad (45% SC) @ 1ml/3l water, Cypermethrin (10% EC) @5ml/20l water and, botanical Jholmol @ 1:3 ratio (1 part Jholmol and 3 part water). The second factor was Black plastic mulch and no mulch. The pesticides were applied at 9 day intervals and data on fruit infestation, ovary damage, yield and, post-set damage were collected at 3 day intervals and the data analysed using R Studio. The result revealed highly significant differences among mulching and non-mulching plots. Mulching plots had the lowest fruit infestation (3.95%), lowest ovary damage (0.88%), lowest post-set damage (2.38%) and, higher yield per plot (21.25 kg) than non-mulched plots. Highest protection against melon fruit fly was observed by Spinosad at the third spray; percentage of fruit infestation (3.71%), ovary damage (0.76%) and yield (20.20 kg/plot) followed by Cypermethrin and Jholmol. The highest protection was obtained by the application of Cypermethrin (1.78%) at the post-set stage followed by Spinosad and Jholmol. The application of Spinosad, Cypermethrin alone with black plastic mulch provided superior protection than Jholmol and control. However, the pest reduction and yield observed on the treatments with the combination of Jholmol and black plastic mulch was satisfactory (21.87 kg/ha) than control (14.58 kg/ha).
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 126-136.
Screening of in-vitro Biofilm Production by Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Secondary Hospital Waste-water and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern
Authors: Aryal Bibek , Tharu Shristi , Chaudhary Richa , Chaturwedi Shashi Bhushan
Published: October 2024

Objective: The main objective is to screen the in-vitro Biofilm Production by Bacterial Pathogens isolated from Secondary Hospital Wastewater and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern.  
Methods: A total of 10 hospital wastewater samples were collected within 3 consecutive days from a secondary hospital and research was carried out in the microbiological laboratory of D.A.V. College. Identification was done by performing Gram-staining followed by conventional biochemical tests. Screening of in-vitro biofilm production was done using the Congo Red Agar (CRA) method. Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern (AST) was performed on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) media by the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method as per CLSI guidelines. 
Results: A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified during the identification process. Among all bacterial isolates, 12 (48%) were screened as biofilm producers, with dry crystalline black-centered colonies. In contrast, the remaining 13 (52%) were screened as non-biofilm producers with pink colonies. Escherichia coli (66.6%), were the most common biofilm-producing Gram-negative bacilli followed by Citrobacter freundii (16.66%), Enterobacter spp (8.37%), Morganella morganii (8.37%). During the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, a total of 16 (64%) bacterial isolates were recognized as Multidrug-resistant (MDR), and the remaining 9 (36%) were recognized as non-MDR.   
Conclusion: The overall result showed that both MDR and non-MDR bacteria can form biofilms. However, Antimicrobial resistance patterns were observed higher in MDR biofilm producers than in non-MDR biofilm producers.  
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 145-150.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Twin Babies Delivered at a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Khanal Babita , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Kafle Prakash , Bhattarai Subash , KC Namrata , Ghimire Bandana , Singh Sumit Kumar
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Twin pregnancies are often associated with higher risks of complications for both the mother and the neonates, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Eastern Nepal to assess the clinical profile and outcomes of twin pregnancies.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Pediatric and neonatology at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal over the period of   6 month (December 2023 to May 2024). Total of 32 twin pregnancies of  gestational age of ≥28 weeks, where both twins were alive at delivery were included. Data were collected on maternal and neonatal characteristics, including birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the outcomes between the first and second twins.
Results: In the present, study total of 32 eligible twin were analyzed. The majority of twins were (53.1%) delivered between 32 to <37 weeks of gestation rest 46.87% delivering between 28 to <32 weeks. The average Apgar scores were 6.5 at 1 minute and 8.6 at 5 minutes. The most common clinical feature seen in twin neonates was lethargy which was seen in 32 neonates (50%). NICU admission was required for 70.3% of the neonates. There were no significant differences between groups twin 1 and twin 2 in most health indicators, such as clinical symptoms, hemoglobin, PCV, serum calcium level, jaundice, TTTS, chest X-ray findings, NICU admissions, or overall outcomes (P > 0.05). However, twin 1 had a higher rate of neonatal sepsis (P = 0.048).  notable difference was observed in the incidence of neonatal sepsis between the first and second twins, with the first twin being more affected. Neonatal mortality rate in twin in the present study was 7.8%.
Conclusion: Twin pregnancies have high incidence of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Requirement of NICU care is more in case of first twin.
A Comparative Study of Geometric Principles in the Sulba Sutras and the Pythagorean Theorem: Historical Context and Mathematical Applications
Authors: Raikhola Sher Singh
Published: October 2024

This research delves into the geometric principles detailed in the ancient Sulba Sutras and their parallels with the Pythagorean Theorem, traditionally attributed to the Greek mathematician Pythagoras. While the Pythagorean theorem is widely regarded as a cornerstone of Greek geometry, recent studies suggest that its formulation appeared centuries earlier in Indian mathematics, as evidenced in Baudhāyana’s Sulba Sutra (circa 800 BCE). These texts offer extensive insights into the geometric constructions used in Vedic rituals, including the use of Pythagorean triples and transformations between geometric shapes. The Sulba Sutras present a rich mathematical framework, emphasizing practical applications in altar construction, land measurements, and urban planning. This study aims to bridge the research gap by comparing the geometric developments in the Sulba Sutras with Greek formulations, particularly focusing on their mathematical methods, cultural contexts, and historical significance. The findings underscore the advanced state of Indian mathematics and its profound influence on subsequent mathematical traditions, offering a nuanced understanding of the parallel evolution of geometric knowledge across cultures.
Teaching Pronunciation with Confidence: A Resource for ESL/EFL Teachers and Learners
Authors: Guskaroska Agata , Zawadzki Zoe , Levis John , Challis Kate , Prikazchikov Maksim
Published: October 2024

Teaching Pronunciation with Confidence is an essential resource for both English teachers and learners, designed to effectively build strong pronunciation skills and knowledge of pronunciation. This guide covers key topics, including English sounds, word stress, intonation, rhythm, prominence, connected speech, and pronunciation diagnostics to guide improvement. The book includes a wide array of interactive H5P activities and sound recordings, which can be used for classroom teaching, or homework and individual practice. These exercises provide practical experience, reinforcing the concepts covered in each chapter.
Russia’s Radical Othering in the Global Academic Discourse
Authors:   Associate Professor, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University– Higher School of Economics, Baysha Olga A. , Chukasheva Kamilla D. ,   Postgraduate Student, Institute of Media, National Research University–Higher School of Economics
Published: October 2024

Many critical scholars hold that the new Cold War is already more dangerous than its predecessor, partly due to the synergy of Western intelligence services and various hegemonic-ideological institutions—the Censorship-Industrial Complex—in demonizing Russia. This paper is one of the first efforts to empirically measure how pervasive that discourse is within the academic literature. The analysis of 100 articles on the Ukraine conflict published in the Taylor and Francis academic journals shows that 62 articles explain the Ukraine conflict in terms of Russia’s aggressiveness, imperialism, autocracy and propaganda, with another 31 articles reproducing the same anti-Russian discourse implicitly.