bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The contribution of sociodemographic, attitudinal and satisfactory factors to blood donation frequencies among turkish blood donors
Authors: Ulukanligil Mustafa , Sozmen Nazli Nadire , Caglak Sukru , Karadag Gizem Gokce , Sagdur Levent , Yilmaz Fatma Meric
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives

This study investigates the association of sociodemographic and attitudinal factors with blood donation frequency in Turkey that may contribute future strategies on donor recruitment.

Materials and Methods

A face‐to‐face interview was designed including items about history of prior donations and about attitudinal factors such as personal beliefs, moral norms and personal satisfaction with donation experiences among first‐time, returning and regular donors. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of donor characteristics, sociodemographic and attitudinal variables.

Results

Totally, 7400 whole blood donors attended to the study (20% first‐time, 39% returning and 41% regular donors). Most donors were men; however, women clearly more often donate for the first time and donate less regularly. Age showed a clear effect on the chance of being both of returning and regular donors. Employed returning donors were less likely to return to donation. Education status affected first‐time donation negatively whereas affected regular donation positively. Level of income affected first‐time donation negatively whereas affected returning to donation positively. Blood need of a family member affected on returning to donation and regular donation; however, the conditions of donation units such as ventilation or crowdedness affected on lapsing.

Conclusion

Our results show that age, gender, socio‐economic‐status and attitudinal factors were associated with being a first‐time, returning or regular donor. These data provide Turkish Red Crescent with knowledge on Turkish donor population, which help to build donor recruitment and retention policies.
Fractional High-Order Differential Estimator and Feedback Controller Design for a Single-Input–Single-Output Affine Chaotic System
Authors: Sahin Erdinc , Ayas Mustafa Sinasi
Published: November 2019

Control of chaos generally refers to realize a desired behavior of chaotic system output and its states. In this manner, we design a fractional high-order differential feedback controller (FHODFC) to increase tracking performance of a nonlinear system output and its differentials for a desired trajectory signal. The proposed controller is based on fractional calculus and high-order extracted differentials of error signal. The suggested fractional approach is applied to a single-input–single-output affine Duffing-Holmes dynamical system in matlab/simulink environment. Duffing-Holmes system is analyzed for two different problems: estimation and control problems. The simulation results clearly demonstrate superior dynamic behavior of the FHODFC compared to the classical high-order differential feedback controller (HODFC) version for both estimation and control problems.
Two-Phase Microscopic Heat Transfer Model for Three-Dimensional Stagnation Boundary-Layer Flow in a Porous Medium
Authors: Kudenatti Ramesh B. , Gogate S. Shashi Prabha
Published: November 2019

This work examines the steady three-dimensional forced convective thermal boundary-layer flow of laminar and incompressible fluid in a porous medium. In this analysis, it is assumed that the solid phase and the fluid phase, which is immersed in a porous medium are subjected to local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) conditions, which essentially leads to one thermal boundary-layer equation for each phase. Suitable similarity transformations are introduced to reduce the boundary-layer equations into system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are analyzed numerically using an implicit finite difference-based Keller-box method. The numerical results are further confirmed by the asymptotic solution of the same system for large three-dimensionality parameter, and the corresponding results agree well. Our results show that the thickness of boundary layer is always thinner for all permeability parameters tested when compared to the nonporous case. Also, it is noticed that the temperature of solid phase is found to be higher than the corresponding fluid phase for any set of parameters. There is a visible temperature difference in the two phases when the microscopic interphase rate is quite large. The physical hydrodynamics to these parameters is studied in some detail.
Effect of Zinc Content on the Microstructure, Thermal Behavior, and Static Mechanical Properties of Sn-xZn Alloys Containing Mixed Trace Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Chang Shih-Ying , Wu An-Bang , Lee Jun-Yen , Huang Yan-Hua
Published: November 2019

The microstructure, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of Sn-xZn-0.1RE (x = 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) alloys containing mixed trace rare earth elements were investigated in this study. The results showed that the alloys had the same solidus temperature of about 199 °C. Zinc content higher than 10% enhanced slightly the eutectic temperatures and enlarged the eutectic temperature range of the alloys. The microstructures of most of the alloys exhibited Zn-rich coarse clusters, but not for Sn-5Zn-0.1RE. The tensile strength of the alloys increased with increasing zinc concentration.
Ultrasonography-guided botulinum toxin injection to the cricopharyngeus muscle: a case report and technical notes
Authors: Wang Yi-Chian , Wu Chueh-Hung , Shyu Shaw-Gang , Hsiao Ming-Yen , Wang Tyng-Guey
Published: November 2019

Dysphagia associated with the cricopharyngeus muscle (CPm) dysfunction negatively influences the quality of life. This high-pressure region must relax and the lumen must open for smooth food passage. The CP muscle is therefore a common target of chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BTX). Here we presented a patient with severe left lateral medullary syndrome and non-relaxation of the CPm. We described how to localize the CPm in the transverse and longitudinal views under ultrasonography and offered a video demonstrating ultrasonography-guided BTX injection. Ultrasonography-guided CPm injection with BTX may serve as a reliable, rapid, and effective choice for treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia.
Seed bonanza aids plan to save tropical trees
Authors: Law Yao-Hua
Published: November 2019

"Mast year" yields seeds for living collections of Southeast Asia's endangered Dipterocarps.
Seeking shared ground in space
Extraterrestrial Languages
Daniel Oberhaus
MIT Press, 2019. 264 pp.
Authors: Ravignani Andrea
Published: November 2019

Efforts to communicate with extraterrestrials call into question the universality of language, math, and culture
Undercover in the asylum
The Great Pretender: The Undercover Mission That Changed Our Understanding of Madness
Susannah Cahalan
Grand Central Publishing, 2019. 400 pp.
Authors: Pols Hans
Published: November 2019

A defining antipsychiatry text comes under fire
Deflating the myth of isolated communities
Authors: Feinman Gary M. , Neitzel Jill E.
Published: November 2019

Individual mobility at early settlements raises questions about tenets of culture history
HIV-1 Tat Interacts with a Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reactivation-Upregulated Antiangiogenic Long Noncoding RNA, LINC00313, and Antagonizes Its Function
Authors: Yang Wan-Shan , Lin Ting-Yu , Chang Lung , Yeh Wayne W. , Huang Shih-Ching , Chen Tung-Ying , Hsieh Yi-Ta , Chen Szu-Ting , Li Wan-Chun , Pan Chin-Chen , Campbell Mel , Yen Chia-Hung , Chen Yi-Ming Arthur , Chang Pei-Ching
Published: November 2019

KS is a prevalent tumor associated with infections with two distinct viruses, KSHV and HIV. Since KSHV and HIV infect distinct cell types, the virus-virus interaction associated with KS formation has focused on secretory factors. HIV Tat is a well-known RNA binding protein secreted by HIV. Here, we revealed LINC00313, an lncRNA upregulated during KSHV lytic reactivation, as a novel HIV Tat-interacting lncRNA that potentially mediates HIV-KSHV interactions. We found that LINC00313 can repress endothelial cell angiogenesis-related properties potentially by interacting with chromatin remodeling complex PRC2 and downregulation of cell migration-regulating genes. An interaction between HIV Tat and LINC00313 contributed to the dissociation of PRC2 from LINC00313 and the disinhibition of LINC00313-induced repression of cell motility. Given that lncRNAs are emerging as key players in tissue physiology and disease progression, including cancer, the mechanism identified in this study may help decipher the mechanisms underlying KS pathogenesis induced by HIV and KSHV coinfection.
Genome-Wide Mutagenesis of Hepatitis C Virus Reveals Ability of Genome To Overcome Detrimental Mutations
Authors: Singh Deepak , Soni Shalini , Khan Shaheen , Sarangi Aditya N. , Yennamalli Ragothaman M. , Aggarwal Rakesh , Veerapu Naga Suresh
Published: November 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
in vivo
displays high genetic heterogeneity, which is partly due to the high reproduction and random substitutions during error-prone genome replication. It is difficult to introduce random substitutions
in vitro
because of limitations in inducing mutagenesis from the 5′ end to the 3′ end of the genome. Our study has overcome this limitation. We synthesized full-length genomes with few to several random mutations in the background of an HCV clone that can recapitulate all steps of the life cycle. Our study provides evidence of the capability of the HCV genome to overcome deleterious mutations and remain viable. Mutants that emerged from the libraries had diverse phenotype profiles compared to the parent, and putative adaptive mutations mapped to segments of the conserved nonstructural genome. We demonstrate the potential utility of our system for the study of sequence variation that ensures the survival and adaptation of HCV.
Transient mutism, pathological laughter and cerebellar ataxia after primary varicella-zoster virus infection
Authors: Brito Teresa , Oliveira Inês , Silva Laurinda , Parente Susana
Published: November 2019

Acute postinfectious cerebellitis is characterised by inflammatory involvement of the cerebellum and consequent cerebellar dysfunction, usually presenting a benign and self-limited course. Common symptoms described in the literature include ataxia, peripheral facial paralysis, aphasia, spinal dysfunction and eventually hydrocephalus. We describe a rare presentation of acute cerebellitis after varicella, in a 6-year-old child, who presented with ataxia, dysmetria, mutism and pathological laughter.
Extra-laryngeal branching of recurrent laryngeal nerve: a possibility thyroid surgeons need to keep in mind to prevent inadvertent nerve injury
Authors: Gopi Gokul , Sarkar Saurav , Nayak Anindya
Published: November 2019

A 45-year-old woman presented with a neck swelling since the past 6 years. The swelling was painless but slowly and progressively increasing in size. On examination, a thyroid swelling of size approximately 6×4 cm was seen on the left side. Ultrasonography revealed the size to be 6×5 cm with microcalcifications. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed the mass to be papillary carcinoma. She was planned for total thyroidectomy with central compartment clearance. Preoperative assessment including thyroid hormone profile was normal and the patient was taken for surgery after proper anaesthesia clearance. During the surgery, it was found that there was a branching of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The branching was confirmed with nerve monitor and careful dissection was done to prevent injuries. The surgery was completed successfully without any nerve damage and the postoperative period was uneventful. Follow-up assessments revealed no signs of nerve injury like hoarseness of voice. Possibility of abnormal branches and duplication of nerves though uncommon should not be underestimated and extra vigilance and caution must be exercised when operating near a nerve, even by an experienced surgeon familiar with the local anatomy. Any doubts arising during the surgery must be clarified immediately, and nerve monitors should be used to check suspected branching and duplications before proceeding further.
Meningitis due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an often-overlooked complication of a widely used medication
Authors: Desgranges Florian , Tebib Nathalie , Lamy Olivier , Kritikos Antonios
Published: November 2019

A 40-year-old man developed aseptic meningitis after ibuprofen consumption for tension-type headaches. After a thorough diagnostic workup and lack of improvement on empirical therapy for common aetiologies of meningitis (bacterial and viral infections), we suspected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced meningitis due to the temporal relationship between drug administration and symptom onset. Two days after NSAID suppression, the evolution was progressively favourable with complete resolution of fever and symptoms. On follow-up, symptoms did not recur and there was no neurological sequela. This article summarises the clinical picture and the complementary exams that led to the difficult-to-make diagnosis of NSAID-induced acute meningitis, in parallel with a brief review of the literature.
Isolated sporadic uterine lymphangioleiomyoma with unusual clinical and pathological features
Authors: Leathersich Sebastian , Koay Mei Hui Eleanor , Khani Alireza , Malla Bhat Sangeeta
Published: November 2019

We report a unique uterine neoplasm, favoured to represent an isolated extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyoma with unusual pathological features, in a postmenopausal woman without tuberous sclerosis complex. The large neoplasm consisted of smooth muscle fascicles and cystic spaces lined by lymphatic cells, which were negative for the melanocytic staining that is characteristically positive in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). There are fewer than 30 cases of uterine LAM reported, none of which have demonstrated this morphology or these immunohistochemical findings. The origin of LAM cells in the more typical pulmonary LAM remains unclear; the unusual features in this case may represent a distinct pathological entity or a rare variant of typical extrapulmonary LAM, and may contribute to determining the cellular origin of these rare tumours. Conversely, this may represent a case of ‘prepulmonary’ LAM, providing supporting evidence for a possible gynaecological origin of these tumours in the broader affected (almost exclusively female) population.
Understanding the complexity of socioeconomic disparities in type 2 diabetes risk: a study of 4.3 million people in Sweden
Authors: Wemrell Maria , Bennet Louise , Merlo Juan
Published: November 2019

Objective

Investigating demographic and socioeconomic factors as intersecting rather than as separate dimensions may improve our understanding of the heterogeneous distribution of type 2 diabetes in the population. However, this complexity has scarcely been investigated and we still do not know the accuracy of these factors for predicting type 2 diabetes. Improved understanding of the demographic and socioeconomic disparities predicting type 2 diabetes risk in the population would contribute to more precise and effective public health interventions.

Research design and methods

We analyzed the risk of type 2 diabetes among 4 334 030 individuals aged 40–84 years who by 2010 had resided in Sweden for at least 5 years. We stratified the study population into 120 strata defined by categories of age, gender, income, education, and immigration status. We calculated measures of absolute risk (prevalence) and relative risk (prevalence ratio), and quantified the discriminatory accuracy of the information for predicting type 2 diabetes in the population.

Results

The distribution of type 2 diabetes risk in the population was highly heterogeneous. For instance, immigrated men aged 70–79 years with low educational achievement and low income had a risk around 32 times higher than native women aged 40–49 years with high income and high educational achievement (ie, 17.6% vs 0.5%). The discriminatory accuracy of the information was acceptable.

Conclusion

A more detailed, intersectional mapping of socioeconomic and demographic distribution of type 2 diabetes can assist in public health management aiming to reduce the prevalence of the disease.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of wind-driven rainfall on a slope surface
Authors: Ding Yu , Liu Haifei
Published: November 2019

In overland flow modeling, the influences of the slope degree, rain intensity and wind condition can be significant. In this study, the effects of the slope gradient and wind-driven rain were integrated in a nonlinear shallow water model based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Since slope gradient and wind condition can not only affect the flow rate, but also its momentum, we enhanced the mathematical model and derived two LBM schemes that include their hydrodynamic influence on the surface flow. Then, this model was verified by several typical cases. The results indicated that the momentum component of rainfall should be considered during the overland flow simulation influenced by wind, otherwise it would result in an intrinsic error of approximately [Formula: see text] in simulated results.
EFFECTS OF EMPLOYEE CREATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING ON INNOVATION OUTCOMES AND NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION
Authors: OUEDRAOGO NOUFOU , OUAKOUAK MOHAMMED LAID , SALEM TAREK
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of employees’ creative problem-solving on organisations’ innovation outcomes, as well as the effects of innovation outcomes on organisations non-financial performance. Based on a sample of 320 participants from diverse organisations, using structural equation modelling techniques, we find that creative problem-solving does not have any effect on innovation outcomes, except with the moderating influence of an innovative culture or communication. We also find that innovation outcomes have a positive relationship with non-financial performance. We make theoretical contributions into the antecedents of innovation outcomes, while offering several practical insights for leading creative employees and managing innovation.
DO EMPLOYEE RESILIENCE, FOCUS ON OPPORTUNITY, AND WORK-RELATED CURIOSITY PREDICT INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR? THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CAREER ADAPTABILITY
Authors: ABUKHAIT RAWAN , BANI-MELHEM SHAKER , MOHD SHAMSUDIN FARIDAHWATI
Published: November 2019

Scholars suggest that only certain personality traits can easily adapt and react positively to organisational changes and consequently to innovative behaviour. Hence, in this study, we drew upon career construction theory to develop a hypothetical model examining how certain personality traits (i.e., curiosity, focus on opportunity, and resilience) are likely to influence career adaptability and consequently innovative behaviour. To test the model, we used two-wave longitudinal data focusing on 313 frontline employees operating in a random sample of five-star hotels in Dubai. Using Smart-PLS.3, we revealed that employees with a high level of curiosity, focus on opportunity, and resilience tend to increase the likelihood of their career adaptability significantly. In other words, employees with such work-related personality are more likely to adapt to organisational changes and fit different organisational environments. Furthermore, the result of the study found that career adaptability significantly mediated the relationship between these personality traits and innovative behaviour. The findings have significant implications for both theory and practice. They may also be contextual. These implications are discussed.
Petroleum geochemical aspects of the Mandawa Basin, coastal Tanzania: the origin of migrated oil occurring today as partly biodegraded bitumen
Authors: Abay Tesfamariam Berhane , Fossum Katrine , Karlsen Dag Arild , Dypvik Henning , Narvhus Lars Jonas Jørgensen , Haid Muna Hassan Mohamoud , Hudson Wellington
Published: November 2019

The shallow-marine Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sedimentary successions of the Mandawa Basin, coastal Tanzania, are located about 80 km away from the offshore gas discoveries of Block 2, Tanzania. In this paper we present petroleum geochemical data, including bitumen extracted from outcrop samples which are relevant to the understanding of the onshore ‘Petroleum System’ and possibly also to the offshore basin. Despite some biodegradation and weathering, common to all outcrop samples, most bitumen samples analysed contain mature migrated oil. The maturity span of geomarkers (C
13
–C
15
range) covers the entire oil and condensate/wet gas window (
R
c
 = 0.7–2%
R
c
, where
R
c
is the calculated vitrinite reflectance), with the biomarkers generally indicating the oil window (
R
c
 = 0.7–1.3%
R
c
). This suggests that the bitumen extracts represent several phases of migrated oil and condensate, which shows that the samples are part of an active or recently active migration regime or ‘Petroleum System’. The source-rock facies inferred for the bitumen is Type II/III kerogen of siliciclastic to carbonate facies. This is oil-prone kerogen, typical for a marine depositional system with an influx of proximal-derived terrigenous material blended in with
in situ
marine algal organic matter (OM). Application of age-specific biomarkers such as the C
28
/C
29
-steranes, extended tricyclic terpane ratio (ETR), nordiacholestanes and the aromatic steroids suggest that more than one source rock have contributed to the bitumen. Possible ages are limited to the Mesozoic (i.e. excluding the Late Paleozoic), with the most likely source rock belonging to the Early Jurassic. More geochemical and geological studies should be undertaken to further develop the general understanding of the petroleum system of the Mandawa Basin and its implications to the ‘Petroleum Systems’ both offshore and onshore. This paper also presents a reinterpretation of published gas composition and isotope data on the Pande, Temane and Inhassoro gas fields (Mozambique) with implications for possible oil discoveries in the gas-dominated region.
Fault failure modes, deformation mechanisms, dilation tendency, slip tendency, and conduits v. seals
Authors: Ferrill David A. , Smart Kevin J. , Morris Alan P.
Published: November 2019

Faults have complicated shapes. Non-planarity of faults can be caused by variations in failure modes, which in turn are dictated by mechanical stratigraphy interacting with the ambient stress field, as well as by linkage of fault segments. Different portions of a fault or fault zone may experience volume gain, volume conservation and volume loss simultaneously depending on the position along a fault's surface, the stresses resolved on the fault and the associated deformation mechanisms. This variation in deformation style and associated volume change has a profound effect on the ability of a fault to transmit (or impede) fluid both along and across the fault. In this paper we explore interrelated concepts of failure mode and resolved stress analysis, and provide examples of fault geometry in normal faulting and reverse faulting stress regimes that illustrate the effects of fault geometry on failure behaviour and related importance to fluid transmission. In particular, we emphasize the utility of using relative dilation tendency v. slip tendency on fault patches as a predictor of deformation behaviour, and suggest this parameter space as a new tool for evaluating conduit v. seal behaviour of faults.
Learn2Earn
Authors: Swaminathan Saiganesh , Medhi Thies Indrani , Mehta Devansh , Cutrell Edward , Sharma Amit , Thies William
Published: November 2019

In rural parts of the developing world, spreading awareness about critical issues in health, governance, and other topics is challenging and costly. Traditional media such as print, radio and TV each have limitations and offer little guarantee that new information is absorbed or retained by the target population. This paper describes Learn2Earn, a system that leverages mobile payments to bolster public awareness campaigns in rural India. Users call an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system, listen to a brief audio tutorial, and take a multiple-choice quiz to check their understanding. People who pass the quiz receive a mobile top-up (about $0.14) and have the opportunity to earn additional credits by referring others to the system. We describe a pilot deployment of Learn2Earn in rural India that spread via word-of-mouth to over 15,000 people within seven weeks. Usage was concentrated among young men, many of them students. In a mixed-methods study, we draw upon call logs, electronic surveys, qualitative interviews, and other sources of data to suggest that Learn2Earn could be an effective way to build awareness about important topics.
Restoration Work
Authors: Kumar Neha , Ismail Azra , Sherugar Samyukta , Chandwani Rajesh
Published: November 2019

There has been a growing commitment across the fields of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human-Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D) towards investigating the design and deployment of technologies in the context of complex healthcare ecologies. We present a qualitative inquiry of one such context, as we examine the outreach practices and everyday challenges of workers at a community-based organization in Gujarat (India) that works with People Living with the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus(PLHIV). Drawing on Yosso's framework of community cultural wealth-apt for such intersectional settings-and the lens of articulation work, we describe how the workers at Vikas build and strengthen varied forms of capital to restore "old normals," or what life was like for their PLHIV clients prior to diagnoses. Finally, we propose that attention to this nature of restoration work, and the workers' engagement with diverse forms of community cultural wealth, allows us to reflect on how technologies might (or might not) be designed to impact social and affective aspects of health.
An Empirical Study of How Socio-Spatial Formations are Influenced by Interior Elements and Displays in an Office Context
Authors: Lee Bokyung , Lee Michael , Zhang Pan , Tessier Alexander , Khan Azam
Published: November 2019

The design of a workplace can have a profound impact on the effectiveness of the workforce utilizing the space. When considering dynamic social activities in the flow of work, the constraints of the static elements of the interior reveals the adaptive behaviour of the occupants in trying to accommodate these constraints while performing their daily tasks. To better understand how workplace design shapes social interactions, we ran an empirical study in an office context over a two week period. We collected video from 24 cameras in a dozen space configurations totaling 1,920 hours of recorded activities. We utilized computer vision techniques, to produce skeletonized representations of the occupants, to assist in the annotation and data analysis process. We present our findings of socio-spatial formation patterns and the effects of furniture and interior elements on the observed behaviour of collaborators for both computer-supported work and for unmediated social interaction. Combining the observations with an interview of the occupants' reflections, we discuss dynamics of socio-spatial formations and how this knowledge can support social interactions in the domain of space design systems and interactive interiors.
Stories from the Front Seat
Authors: Brewer Robin N. , Austin Amy M. , Ellison Nicole B.
Published: November 2019

Ridesharing services like Uber and Lyft play an important role in broadening access to affordable, efficient transportation for people with vision impairments by providing an alternative to public transit, friends, or family. While previous work has focused on the challenges that people with disabilities experience using public transportation and how they interact with ridesharing drivers, little research has focused on the people in the "front seat" and how drivers support people with vision impairments during rides. To better understand these interactions, we interviewed 18 ridesharing drivers who had experience driving passengers with a disability, specifically people with vision impairments. Our findings show that ridesharing drivers engage in different forms of labor (i.e. physical, relational) to support passengers with disabilities and are seeking ways to learn more about disability. Contrary to most previous literature on ridesharing and the sharing economy, we find that drivers do not see this labor as a burden. We discuss ethical and design considerations for the complex process of disability disclosure, wherein passengers might benefit from having drivers know in advance about their disability, but also open themselves up to possible exploitation by drivers.
Expanding Our Reflexive Toolbox
Authors: Garcia Patricia , Cifor Marika
Published: November 2019

Addressing harm and ethical dilemmas that arise from the design of socio-technical systems requires methodologies that foster critical investigations of normative values, perspectives, and experiences. In this paper, we propose duoethnography as a feminist methodological tool for collaboratively researching interactions between users, devices, and data. Drawing on an interdisciplinary body of work and reflexive methodological traditions, we propose and describe four facets of the methodology: relationality, difference, dialogic process, and critical subjectivity. Next, we provide examples of the methodology "in practice" by detailing how the facets were implemented in a six-month diary study of digital health tracking. We use the study findings to illustrate how the application of these four facets facilitated a collaborative and dialogic process that enhanced self-knowledge and resulted in a multifaceted understanding of individual and shared health experiences. Finally, we conclude by discussing the methodological contributions of duoethnography for socio-technical research critically examining normative values and ethics in design. We contend that the collaborative intentionality of duoethnography offers a unique contribution and unifying methodology that views the personal as a valuable site of knowledge production, positions knowledge formation as a dialogic process, and promotes alternative ways of knowing and meaning making.
Working Apart, Together: The Challenges of Co-Work
Authors: Swezey Casey , Vertesi Janet
Published: November 2019

Attracting contingent workers, teleworkers, small start-up teams and the self-employed, co-working spaces have grown from corner coffee shops and internet cafes, to business empires with thousands of members in urban locations. Yet the rise of co-working in the twenty-first century has received only limited attention in CSCW, despite co-workers' copious use of distributed collaborative tools. CSCW has more frequently addressed the challenges of working together, apart - that is, how we might support or otherwise transpose rich collocated interactions into distributed environments. This paper explores the challenges of working alone and apart, yet together, based on observational study and interviews at three large co-working spaces in New York City. Using a sociomaterial approach, we identify and explore core tensions visible in the site between participation in a distributed work team and in a distinct, collocated community, which we label the co-working paradox. This includes local configurations of digital and physical materials that shift locus of participation, that blend work and home, and manage employer visibility. We use these themes to suggest a generative return to certain core concepts in studies of distributed work - namely, common ground, workspaces, and placefulness - to further study and design for the growth of these unique environments.
Chats Over Spats: Exploring Social Media Use for Mentorship in Youth Development Programs
Authors: Pierre Jennifer
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a unique finding from a larger research project exploring social media use for social support among youth development program participants in Lafayette, IN. Through participant observation and semi-structured interviews conducted with Boys and Girls Club members ages 9-15, youth revealed varied uses of social media to sustain unexpected cross-age friendships. These friendships were perceived as integral sources of social support, and members described them to be some of the most significant in their lives at the time of their interviews. This finding raises important questions about the significant role social media may play in the maintenance of such cross-age relationships and mentorships, considering the absence of consistent face-to-face contact during the school day. Ultimately, participation in youth development programs in combination with social media use fosters these mentorships and encourages maturity and stability among these youth, which validates these unique friendships as important sources of social support. This finding offers implications for integrating digital and social media into youth development spaces, as well as for informing social and digital media designers of this particular use case.
Towards passive analysis of anycast in global routing
Authors: Bian Rui , Hao Shuai , Wang Haining , Dhamdere Amogh , Dainotti Alberto , Cotton Chase
Published: November 2019

Anycast has been widely adopted by today's Internet services, including DNS, CDN, and DDoS protection, in which the same IP address is announced from distributed locations and clients are directed to the topologically-nearest service replica. Prior research has focused on various aspects of anycast, either its usage in particular services such as DNS or characterizing its adoption by Internet-wide active probing methods. In this paper, we first explore an alternative approach to characterize anycast based on previously collected global BGP routing information. Leveraging state-of-the-art active measurement results as near-ground-truth, our passive method without requiring any Internet-wide probes can achieve 90% accuracy in detecting anycast prefixes. More importantly, our approach uncovers anycast prefixes that have been missed by prior datasets based on active measurements. While investigating the root causes of inaccuracy, we reveal that anycast routing has been entangled with the increased adoption of remote peering, a type of layer-2 interconnection where an IP network may peer at an IXP remotely without being physically present at the IXP. The invisibility of remote peering from layer-3 breaks the assumption of the shortest AS paths on BGP and causes an unintended impact on anycast performance. We identify such cases from BGP routing information and observe that at least 19.2% of anycast prefixes have been potentially impacted by remote peering.
Privacy trading in the surveillance capitalism age
viewpoints on 'privacy-preserving' societal value creation
Authors: Pal Ranjan , Crowcroft Jon
Published: November 2019

In the modern era of the mobile apps (part of the era of
surveillance capitalism
, a famously coined term by Shoshana Zuboff), huge quantities of data about individuals and their activities offer a wave of opportunities for economic and societal value creation. However, the current personal data ecosystem is mostly de-regulated, fragmented, and inefficient. On one hand, end-users are often not able to control access (either technologically, by policy, or psychologically) to their personal data which results in issues related to privacy, personal data ownership, transparency, and value distribution. On the other hand, this puts the burden of managing and protecting user data on profit-driven apps and ad-driven entities (e.g., an ad-network) at a cost of trust and regulatory accountability. Data holders (e.g., apps) may hence take commercial advantage of the individuals' inability to fully anticipate the potential uses of their private information, with detrimental effects for social welfare. As steps to improve social welfare, we comment on the the existence and design of efficient consumer-data releasing ecosystems aimed at achieving a maximum social welfare state amongst competing data holders. In view of (a) the behavioral assumption that humans are 'compromising' beings, (b) privacy not being a well-boundaried good, and (c) the practical inevitability of inappropriate data leakage by data holders upstream in the supply-chain, we showcase the idea of a regulated and radical privacy trading mechanism that preserves the
heterogeneous
privacy preservation constraints (at an aggregate consumer, i.e., app, level) upto certain compromise levels, and at the same time satisfying commercial requirements of agencies (e.g., advertising organizations) that collect and trade client data for the purpose of behavioral advertising. More specifically, our idea merges
supply function economics
, introduced by Klemperer and Meyer, with differential privacy, that, together with their powerful theoretical properties, leads to a stable and efficient, i.e., a maximum social welfare, state, and that too in an algorithmically scalable manner. As part of future research, we also discuss interesting additional techno-economic challenges related to realizing effective privacy trading ecosystems.
Datacenter congestion control
Authors: Mushtaq Aisha , Mittal Radhika , McCauley James , Alizadeh Mohammad , Ratnasamy Sylvia , Shenker Scott
Published: November 2019

Recent years have seen a slew of papers on datacenter congestion control mechanisms. In this editorial, we ask whether the bulk of this research is needed for the common case where congestion control involves hosts responding to simple congestion signals from the network and the performance goal is reducing some average measure of flow completion time. We raise this question because we find that, out of all the possible variations one could make in congestion control algorithms, the most essential feature is the switch scheduling algorithm. More specifically, we find that congestion control mechanisms that use Shortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT) achieve superior performance as long as the rate-setting algorithm at the host is reasonable. We further find that while SRPT's performance is quite robust to host behaviors, the performance of schemes that use scheduling algorithms like FIFO or Fair Queuing depend far more crucially on the rate-setting algorithm, and their performance is typically worse than what can be achieved with SRPT. Given these findings, we then ask whether it is practical to realize SRPT in switches without requiring custom hardware. We observe that
approximate and deployable SRPT
(ADS) designs exist, which leverage the small number of priority queues supported in almost all commodity switches, and require only software changes in the host and the switches. Our evaluations with one very simple ADS design shows that it can achieve performance close to true SRPT and is significantly better than FIFO. Thus, the answer to our basic question - whether the bulk of recent research on datacenter congestion control algorithms is needed for the common case - is no.
The 11th workshop on active internet measurements (AIMS-11) workshop report
Authors: Claffy K C , Clark David
Published: November 2019

On 16-17 April 2018, CAIDA hosted its eleventh Workshop on Active Internet Measurements (AIMS-11). This workshop series provides a forum for stakeholders in Internet active measurement projects to communicate their interests and concerns, and explore cooperative approaches to maximizing the collective benefit of deployed infrastructure and gathered data. An overarching theme this year was scaling the storage, indexing, annotation, and usage of Internet measurements. We discussed tradeoffs in use of commercial cloud services to to make measurement results more accessible and informative to researchers in various disciplines. Other agenda topics included status updates on recent measurement infrastructures and community feedback; measurement of poorly configured infrastructure; and recent successes and approaches to evolving challenges in geolocation, topology, route hijacking, and performance measurement. We review highlights of discussions of the talks. This report does not cover each topic discussed; for more details examine workshop presentations linked from the workshop web page:

http://www.caida.org/workshops/aims/1904/.
Certifying operator identities via noncommutative Gröbner bases
Authors: Hofstadler Clemens , Raab Clemens G. , Regensburger Georg
Published: November 2019

Matrices or linear operators and their identities can be modelled algebraically by noncommutative polynomials in the free algebra. For proving new identities of matrices or operators from given ones, computations are done formally with noncommutative polynomials. Computations in the free algebra, however, are not necessarily compatible with formats of matrices resp. with domains and codomains of operators. For ensuring validity of such computations in terms of operators, in principle, one would have to inspect every step of the computation. In [9], an algebraic framework is developed that allows to rigorously justify such computations without restricting the computation to compatible expressions. The main result of that paper reduces the proof of an operator identity to verifying membership of the corresponding polynomial in the ideal generated by the polynomials corresponding to the assumptions and verifying compatibility of this polynomial and of the generators of the ideal.
A Kenzo interface for algebraic topology computations in SageMath
Authors: Cuevas-Rozo Julián , Divasón Jose , Marco-Buzunáriz Miguel , Romero Ana
Published: November 2019

In this work we present an interface between SageMath and Kenzo, together with an optional Kenzo package. Our work makes it possible to communicate both computer algebra programs and enhances the SageMath system with new capabilities in algebraic topology, dealing in particular with simplicial objects of infinite nature.
Omics Technologies for Profiling Toxin Diversity and Evolution in Snake Venom: Impacts on the Discovery of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents
Authors: Modahl Cassandra M. , Brahma Rajeev Kungur , Koh Cho Yeow , Shioi Narumi , Kini R. Manjunatha
Published: November 2019

Snake venoms are primarily composed of proteins and peptides, and these toxins have developed high selectivity to their biological targets. This makes venoms interesting for exploration into protein evolution and structure–function relationships. A single venom protein superfamily can exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects; these variations in activity originate from differences in functional sites, domains, posttranslational modifications, and the formations of toxin complexes. In this review, we discuss examples of how the major venom protein superfamilies have diversified, as well as how newer technologies in the omics fields, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, can be used to characterize both known and unknown toxins.Because toxins are bioactive molecules with a rich diversity of activities, they can be useful as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and successful examples of toxin applications in these areas are also reviewed. With the current rapid pace of technology, snake venom research and its applications will only continue to expand.
EZH2 Loss Drives Resistance to Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Serous Ovarian Cancers Expressing ATM
Authors: Naskou Johanna , Beiter Yvonne , van Rensburg Ruan , Honisch Ellen , Rudelius Martina , Schlensog Martin , Gottstein Julia , Walter Larissa , Braicu Elena I. , Sehouli Jalid , Darb-Esfahani Silvia , Staebler Annette , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Brucker Sara , Wallwiener Diethelm , Beyer Ines , Niederacher Dieter , Fehm Tanja , Templin Markus F. , Neubauer Hans
Published: November 2019

Mechanisms of intrinsic resistance of serous ovarian cancers to standard treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel are poorly understood. Seventeen primary serous ovarian cancers classified as responders or nonresponders to standard treatment were screened with DigiWest protein array analysis for 279 analytes. Histone methyl transferase EZH2, an interaction partner of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), was found as one of the most significantly represented proteins in responsive tumors. Survival analysis of 616 patients confirmed a better outcome in patients with high EZH2 expression, but a worse outcome in patients with low EZH2 and high-ATM–expressing tumors compared with patients with low EZH2 and low-ATM–expressing tumors. A proximity ligation assay further confirmed an association between ATM and EZH2 in tumors of patients with an increased disease-free survival. Knockdown of EZH2 resulted in treatment-resistant cells, but suppression of both EZH2 and ATM, or ATM alone, had no effect. DigiWest protein analysis of EZH2-knockdown cells revealed a decrease in proteins involved in mitotic processes and checkpoint regulation, suggesting that deregulated ATM may induce treatment resistance.

Implications:

Ovarian cancer is a malignancy with high mortality rates, with to date, no successful molecular characterization strategies. Our study uncovers in a comprehensive approach the involvement of checkpoint regulation via ATM and EZH2, potentially providing a new therapeutic perspective for further investigations.
Genomic Characteristics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Nominate Molecular Subtypes That Predict Chemotherapy Response
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Yu Doyeong , Kwon Youngmee , Lee Keun Seok , Sim Sung Hoon , Kong Sun-Young , Lee Eun Sook , Park In Hae , Park Charny
Published: November 2019

The heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses difficulties for suitable treatment and leads to poor outcome. This study aimed to define a consensus molecular subtype (CMS) of TNBC and thus elucidate genomic characteristics and relevant therapy. We integrated the expression profiles of 957 TNBC samples from published datasets. We identified genomic characteristics of subtype by exploring the pathway activity, microenvironment, and clinical relevance. In addition, drug response (DR) scores (n = 181) were computationally investigated using chemical perturbation gene signatures and validated in our own patient with TNBC (n = 38) who received chemotherapy and organoid biobank data (n = 64). Subsequently, cooperative functions with drugs were also explored. Finally, we classified TNBC into four CMSs: stem-like; mesenchymal-like; immunomodulatory; luminal-androgen receptor. CMSs also elucidated distinct tumor-associated microenvironment and pathway activities. Furthermore, we discovered metastasis-promoting genes, such as secreted phosphoprotein 1 by comparing with primary. Computational DR scores associated with CMS revealed drug candidates (n = 18), and it was successfully evaluated in cisplatin response of both patients and organoids. Our CMS recapitulated in-depth functional and cellular heterogeneity encompassing primary and metastatic TNBC. We suggest DR scores to predict CMS-specific DRs and to be successfully validated. Finally, our approach systemically proposes a relevant therapeutic prediction model as well as prognostic markers for TNBC.

Implications:

We delineated the genomic characteristic and computational DR prediction for TNBC CMS from gene expression profile. Our systematic approach provides diagnostic markers for subtype and metastasis verified by machine-learning and novel therapeutic candidates for patients with TNBC.