bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Narratives of Modernity: Creolization and Early Postcolonial Style in Thomas Mofolo’s Chaka”
Authors: Sides Kirk B.
Published: March 2018

This article revisits Thomas Mofolo’s novel Chaka (1925) in order to make an argument for a different historical approach to the field of African literatures. Often called one of the earliest African novels, I argue that how we read Chaka – especially for what Simon Gikandi calls the novel’s “early postcolonial style” – is indicative of a range of assumptions about Africa and its relationship to modernity. In the article, I explore some of the ways in which Chaka has been made to give precedence to other and mostly subsequent imaginings of both the African postcolonial struggle, as well as African ideas on modernity and national culture. Also, through a brief comparison with Chinua Achebe’s foundational Things Fall Apart, the article explores the possibilities of an African discourse on creolization in Chaka, a discourse that rejects the European colonial-encounter narrative of African and postcolonial modernity.
“Literature,” Theory from the South and the Case of the São Paulo School
Authors: Helgesson Stefan
Published: March 2018

With methodological support in Reinhart Koselleck’s notion of historical semantics, and an empirical focus on the Brazilian critic Antonio Candido (1918−2017), this article approaches “literature” as a layered concept that will always fail to function as that “plane of equivalence” that Aamir Mufti sees as an outcome of the Orientalist episteme. This failure is historical in the strongest sense; it derives from the condition that “history is never identical with its linguistic registration,” as Koselleck puts it. A concept will therefore, throughout its life span, always encompass a combination of persisting and new meanings. In this way, Candido and the São Paulo school of criticism that he was instrumental in forming can be read as a strong instance of “theory from the South” that exploits the malleability of the concept from within its historical situatedness and contributes thereby to the conceptual worlding of literature.
Locations of Comparison
Authors: Slaughter Joseph R.
Published: March 2018

What difference does it make who compares? From what location? What kinds of comparison are possible, inevitable, even necessary at particular historical moments? What are the extra-literary conditions of literary comparison? How and when does literature qualify for comparison? Revisiting Harry Levin’s seminal essay, “Comparing the Literature” (1968), this paper—originally presented as the presidential address at the 2017 American Comparative Literature Association conference—considers the historical conditions and locational contingencies that motivate acts of literary comparison. Looking at how specific comparisons of African literature to European literature have been mobilized at different times and locations, I argue that comparative literature’sde factoimmigration policies (its [in]hospitality to other worlds of literature) may be read in the histories of comparisons that have been done before—comparisons once regarded as improper, impertinent, or insurgent that are now commonly practiced to give old Eurocentric fields new life, new prestige, and new authority.
A preclinical study to model taurine pharmokinetics in the undernourished rat
Authors: Catalán-Latorre Ana , Nácher Amparo , Merino Virginia , Díez Octavio , Merino Sanjuán Matilde
Published: March 2018

Malnutrition is a common feature of chronic and acute diseases, often associated with a poor prognosis, including worsening of clinical outcome, owing, among other factors, to dysfunction of the most internal organs and systems affecting the absorption, metabolism and elimination of drugs and nutrients. Taurine is involved in numerous biological processes and is required in increased amounts in response to pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the behaviour of taurine in well-nourished (WN) rats and to analyse the influence of protein–energy undernutrition on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of taurine, using a PK model. Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two groups, WN and undernourished (UN), and taurine was administered intravenously or orally at different doses: 1, 10 and 100 mg. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of plasma levels was performed using the NONMEM 7.2 program. Several distribution and absorption models were explored in combination with dose and/or time covariate effects. Covariates such as nutritional status, serum albumin, body weight and score of undernutrition were used. A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model with zero-order endogenous formation, passive absorption, first-order kinetics distribution and non-linear elimination with parallel Michaelis–Menten excretion and reabsorption processes best described taurine pharmacokinetics. Undernutrition acted as a covariate reducing theVmaxof the active elimination process. Data analysis showed linear absorption and distribution, and non-linear elimination processes for taurine. Elimination of taurine was reduced in UN animals, suggesting that the reabsorption process via the secretion transporter was modified in that group.
Détresse chez les préposés aux bénéficiaires en centre d’hébergement exposés à des symptômes comportementaux
Authors: Angers Véronique , Vézina Jean
Published: March 2018

Les préposés aux bénéficiaires (PAB), qui travaillent dans les centres d’hébergement avec des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer, sont à risque d’être exposés à des symptômes comportementaux. Étant donné que ces comportements peuvent constituer une source de stress, la présente étude vise à estimer la contribution d’un ensemble de variables sur le niveau de détresse psychologique des PAB. Ces variables comprennent la fréquence d’exposition perçue aux symptômes comportementaux, les évaluations cognitives primaires et secondaires et les stratégies de coping. Au total, 92 PAB détenant des postes de jour ont été recrutés dans les centres de la région de Québec. Une analyse de régression multiple révèle que la fréquence des symptômes comportementaux, l’évaluation cognitive « menace », l’évaluation cognitive secondaire « ne pas être capable de changer la situation » et la recherche de soutien émotionnel contribuent à la détresse psychologique. Les résultats mettent en lumière de considérer les symptômes comportementaux dans le travail des PAB et proposent une réflexion sur certains mécanismes psychologiques utilisés par les PAB.
X-ray focusing with efficient high-NA multilayer Laue lenses
Authors: Bajt Saša , Prasciolu Mauro , Fleckenstein Holger , Domaracký Martin , Chapman Henry N , Morgan Andrew J , Yefanov Oleksandr , Messerschmidt Marc , Du Yang , Murray Kevin T , Mariani Valerio , Kuhn Manuela , Aplin Steven , Pande Kanupriya , Villanueva-Perez Pablo , Stachnik Karolina , Chen Joe PJ , Andrejczuk Andrzej , Meents Alke , Burkhardt Anja , Pennicard David , Huang Xiaojing , Yan Hanfei , Nazaretski Evgeny , Chu Yong S , Hamm Christian E
Published: March 2018

Multilayer Laue lenses are volume diffraction elements for the efficient focusing of X-rays. With a new manufacturing technique that we introduced, it is possible to fabricate lenses of sufficiently high numerical aperture (NA) to achieve focal spot sizes below 10 nm. The alternating layers of the materials that form the lens must span a broad range of thicknesses on the nanometer scale to achieve the necessary range of X-ray deflection angles required to achieve a high NA. This poses a challenge to both the accuracy of the deposition process and the control of the materials properties, which often vary with layer thickness. We introduced a new pair of materials—tungsten carbide and silicon carbide—to prepare layered structures with smooth and sharp interfaces and with no material phase transitions that hampered the manufacture of previous lenses. Using a pair of multilayer Laue lenses (MLLs) fabricated from this system, we achieved a two-dimensional focus of 8.4 × 6.8 nm2 at a photon energy of 16.3 keV with high diffraction efficiency and demonstrated scanning-based imaging of samples with a resolution well below 10 nm. The high NA also allowed projection holographic imaging with strong phase contrast over a large range of magnifications. An error analysis indicates the possibility of achieving 1 nm focusing.
Liquid crystal display and organic light-emitting diode display: present status and future perspectives
Authors: Chen Hai-Wei , Lee Jiun-Haw , Lin Bo-Yen , Chen Stanley , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: March 2018

Recently, ‘Liquid crystal display (LCD) vs. organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display: who wins?’ has become a topic of heated debate. In this review, we perform a systematic and comparative study of these two flat panel display technologies. First, we review recent advances in LCDs and OLEDs, including material development, device configuration and system integration. Next we analyze and compare their performances by six key display metrics: response time, contrast ratio, color gamut, lifetime, power efficiency, and panel flexibility. In this section, we focus on two key parameters: motion picture response time (MPRT) and ambient contrast ratio (ACR), which dramatically affect image quality in practical application scenarios. MPRT determines the image blur of a moving picture, and ACR governs the perceived image contrast under ambient lighting conditions. It is intriguing that LCD can achieve comparable or even slightly better MPRT and ACR than OLED, although its response time and contrast ratio are generally perceived to be much inferior to those of OLED. Finally, three future trends are highlighted, including high dynamic range, virtual reality/augmented reality and smart displays with versatile functions.
Tandem trapped ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Liu Fanny C. , Ridgeway Mark E. , Park Melvin A. , Bleiholder Christian
Published: March 2018

Design, characteristics, and application of tandem trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS-TIMS).
Naked-eye and electrochemical detection of isothermally amplified HOTAIR long non-coding RNA
Authors: Islam Md. Nazmul , Moriam Sofia , Umer Muhammad , Phan Hoang-Phuong , Salomon Carlos , Kline Richard , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: March 2018

A naked-eye, colorimetric and electrochemical detection of HOTAIR long non-coding RNA has been demonstrated.
Axial modification inhibited H-aggregation of phthalocyanines in polymeric micelles for enhanced PDT efficacy
Authors: Jing Chen , Wang Ruolin , Ou Hanlin , Li Ang , An Yingli , Guo Shutao , Shi Linqi
Published: March 2018

How axial and non-axial modified phthalocyanines aggregate into micelles and their performance in terms of PDT efficiency were investigated.
Lyophobicity may not be the main driving force for long chain surfactants from the bulk phase to the interface
Authors: Liang Yuanzhen , Zhang Si , Wu Wei , Yang Fangyuan , Gan Wei , Jia Hangzhong , Chen Shunli , Zhu Xuefeng , Yuan Qunhui
Published: March 2018

Chain–chain interaction notably contributes to the driving force for the adsorption of amphophilic molecules at interfaces.
Solid acid-catalyzed domino cyclization reaction: regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing three contiguous stereocenters
Authors: Zhang Furen , Li Chunmei , Liang Xuezheng
Published: March 2018

A highly efficient, operationally simple, green method using a solid acid for regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines.
Measurement of the mechanical properties of single Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 cells in different osmotic concentrations using a robot-integrated microfluidic chip
Authors: Chang Di , Sakuma Shinya , Kera Kota , Uozumi Nobuyuki , Arai Fumihito
Published: March 2018

We measured the stiffness of a cell as small as 2 μm using a robot-integrated microfluidic chip and optical tweezers.
“Off–On” fluorescent sensing of organophosphate pesticides using a carbon dot–Au(iii) complex
Authors: Wang Miao , Li Minmin , Lu Jia , Fan Bei , He Yan , Huang Yatao , Wang Fengzhong
Published: March 2018

Herein, we report novel “off–on” fluorescent sensing of organophosphate pesticides using a carbon dot (CD)–Au(iii) complex/acetylcholinesterase (AChE) system.
Shape evolution and splitting of ferrofluid droplets on a hydrophobic surface in the presence of a magnetic field
Authors: Banerjee U. , Sen A. K.
Published: March 2018

We elucidate the phenomena of dynamic wetting, shape evolution and splitting of ferrofluid (FF) droplets on a hydrophobic surface under the influence of a magnetic field.
A high-affinity subtype-selective fluorescent probe for estrogen receptor β imaging in living cells
Authors: Hu Zhiye , Yang Lu , Ning Wentao , Tang Chu , Meng Qiuyu , Zheng Jie , Dong Chune , Zhou Hai-Bing
Published: March 2018

Distinct ERβ dynamics in various cellular bio-settings were directly visualized for the first time via fluorescent probe FPNM staining.
Stereodivergent trifluoromethylation of N-sulfinylimines by fluoroform with either organic-superbase or organometallic-base
Authors: Punna Nagender , Saito Takuya , Kosobokov Mikhail , Tokunaga Etsuko , Sumii Yuji , Shibata Norio
Published: March 2018

The first stereodivergent trifluoromethylation of N-sulfinylimines by fluoroform is reported.
Pseudocapacitance contribution in boron-doped graphite sheets for anion storage enables high-performance sodium-ion capacitors
Authors: Yu Feng , Liu Zaichun , Zhou Renwu , Tan Deming , Wang Hongxia , Wang Faxing
Published: March 2018

The high pseudocapacitance contribution in boron-doped graphite sheets for anion storage is demonstrated, and then utilized to fabricate Na-ion hybrid capacitors.
Direct dihalo-alkoxylation of nitroalkenes leading to β,β-dihalo-β-nitroethyl alkyl ethers
Authors: Hao Feiyue , Yokoyama Soichi , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi
Published: March 2018

A direct alkoxy-dihalogenation method of nitroalkenes was developed by a three-component reaction using alcohol and N-halosuccinimide.
An asymmetric Mannich reaction of α-diazocarbonyl compounds and N-sulfonyl cyclic ketimines catalyzed by complexes generated from chiral and achiral phosphines with gold(i)
Authors: Zhou Minghui , Su Qin , Addepalli Yesu , He Yun , Wang Zhen
Published: March 2018

An unprecedented Lewis acidic gold(i)-complex generated from chiral BINAP and PPh3AuCl has been developed for the Mannich reaction of α-diazocarbonyl compounds and N-sulfonyl cyclic ketimines.
Laser induced graphitization of PAN-based carbon fibers
Authors: Sha Yang , Yang Weimin , Li Sanyang , Yao Liangbo , Li Haoyi , Cheng Lisheng , Yan Hua , Cao Weiyu , Tan Jing
Published: March 2018

A new method based on laser technique is proposed to graphitize PAN-based CFs.
Disposable gold nanoparticle functionalized and bare screen-printed electrodes for potentiometric determination of trazodone hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Salama Fathy M. , Attia Khalid A. , Said Ragab A. , El-Olemy Ahmed , Abdel-raoof Ahmed M.
Published: March 2018

In the present study, screen-printed electrodes unmodified and chemically modified with gold nanoparticles were used as sensitive electrochemical sensors for the determination of trazodone hydrochloride.
Soft magnetic nanocomposites based on adaptive matrix of wormlike surfactant micelles
Authors: Molchanov Vyacheslav S. , Pletneva Vera A. , Klepikov Ilya A. , Razumovskaya Irina V. , Philippova Olga E.
Published: March 2018

A network of wormlike surfactant micelles with embedded magnetic particles demonstrates high magnetoresponsive linear viscoelastic properties due to tunable matrix.
Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of the thermal cis–trans isomerization of fluorine-substituted azobenzene derivatives
Authors: Liu Xiao-Mei , Jin Xing-Yi , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Wang Jian , Bai Fu-Quan
Published: March 2018

Quantum chemical calculations of a set of valid photoswitches of azobenzene compounds, with the aim of describing their thermal isomerization.
Powder-based (CuGa1−yIny)1−xZn2xS2 solid solution photocathodes with a largely positive onset potential for solar water splitting
Authors: Hayashi Toshio , Niishiro Ryo , Ishihara Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Masaharu , Jia Qingxin , Kuang Yongbo , Higashi Tomohiro , Iwase Akihide , Minegishi Tsutomu , Yamada Taro , Domen Kazunari , Kudo Akihiko
Published: March 2018

(CuGa1−yIny)1−xZn2xS2 has arisen as a highly efficient powder-based photocathode for water splitting under simulated sunlight irradiation.
Correction: Effect of hydrogel material composition on hBMSC differentiation into zone-specific neo-cartilage: engineering human articular cartilage-like tissue with spatially varying properties
Authors: Parratt Kirsten , Smerchansky Madeline , Stiggers Qwantayvious , Roy Krishnendu
Published: March 2018

Correction for ‘Effect of hydrogel material composition on hBMSC differentiation into zone-specific neo-cartilage: engineering human articular cartilage-like tissue with spatially varying properties’ by Kirsten Parratt et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2017, 5, 6237–6248.
Power‐efficient class‐AB telescopic cascode opamp
Authors: Garde M.P. , Lopez‐Martin A.J. , Ramirez‐Angulo J.
Published: March 2018

A micropower telescopic cascode opamp is described. It employs an adaptive bias current source to obtain class‐AB operation and dynamic biasing of the cascode transistors to improve output swing and common‐mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and to avoid slew rate degradation. Measurement results for a 0.5 μm CMOS test chip prototype validate the proposal.
Correlation filter‐based visual tracking via adaptive weighted CNN features fusion
Authors: Hao Zhaohui , Liu Guixi , Zhang Haoyang
Published: March 2018

Visual object tracking is an important and challenging task in computer vision. In this study, the authors propose a novel visual tracking approach by decomposing the tracking task into translation and scale estimation. In translation estimation, they employ multiple adaptive correlation filters with features of hierarchical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to more accurately estimate the target location. To make full use of multi‐level features from different CNN layers, they propose an adaptive weighted algorithm to fuse correlation response maps. In scale estimation, a one‐dimensional correlation filter with histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features is employed to estimate the scale variation. Extensive experimental results on 50 challenging benchmark video sequences demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Spectropolarimetry of Galactic stars with anomalous extinction sightlines
Authors: Cikota Aleksandar , Hoang Thiem , Taubenberger Stefan , Patat Ferdinando , Mazzei Paola , Cox Nick L.J. , Zelaya Paula , Cikota Stefan , Tomasella Lina , Benetti Stefano , Rodeghiero Gabriele
Published: March 2018

Highly reddened type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with low total-to-selective visual extinction ratio values,RV, also show peculiar linear polarization wavelength dependencies with peak polarizations at short wavelengths (λmax≲ 0.4μm). It is not clear why sightlines to SNe Ia display such different continuum polarization profiles from interstellar sightlines in the Milky Way with similarRVvalues. We investigate polarization profiles of a sample of Galactic stars with lowRVvalues, along anomalous extinction sightlines, with the aim to find similarities to the polarization profiles that we observe in SN Ia sightlines. We undertook spectropolarimetry of 14 stars, used archival data for 3 additional stars, and ran dust extinction and polarization simulations (by adopting the picket-fence alignment model) to infer a simple dust model (size distribution, alignment) that can reproduce the observed extinction and polarization curves. Our sample of Galactic stars with lowRVvalues and anomalous extinction sightlines displays normal polarization profiles with an averageλmax~ 0.53μm, and is consistent within 3σto a larger coherent sample of Galactic stars from the literature. Despite the lowRVvalues of dust toward the stars in our sample, the polarization curves do not show any similarity to the continuum polarization curves observed toward SNe Ia with lowRVvalues. There is a correlation between the best-fit Serkowski parametersKandλmax, but we did not find any significant correlation betweenRVandλmax. Our simulations show that theK–λmaxrelationship is an intrinsic property of polarization. Furthermore, we have shown that in order to reproduce polarization curves with normalλmaxand lowRVvalues, a population of large (a ≥ 0.1μm) interstellar silicate grains must be contained in the dust composition.
Cost of Equity Estimation in Fuel and Energy Sector Companies Based on CAPM
Authors: Kozieł Diana , Pawłowski Stanisław , Kustra Arkadiusz
Published: March 2018

The article presents cost of equity estimation of capital groups from the fuel and energy sector, listed at the Warsaw Stock Exchange, based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The objective of the article was to perform a valuation of equity with the application of CAPM, based on actual financial data and stock exchange data and to carry out a sensitivity analysis of such cost, depending on the financing structure of the entity. The objective of the article formulated in this manner has determined its’ structure. It focuses on presentation of substantive analyses related to the core of equity and methods of estimating its’ costs, with special attention given to the CAPM. In the practical section, estimation of cost was performed according to the CAPM methodology, based on the example of leading fuel and energy companies, such as Tauron GE and PGE. Simultaneously, sensitivity analysis of such cost was performed depending on the structure of financing the company’s operation.
Evaluation of Gas Phase Dispersion in Flotation under Predetermined Hydrodynamic Conditions
Authors: Młynarczykowska Anna , Oleksik Konrad , Tupek-Murowany Klaudia
Published: March 2018

Results of various investigations shows the relationship between the flotation parameters and gas distribution in a flotation cell. The size of gas bubbles is a random variable with a specific distribution. The analysis of this distribution is useful to make mathematical description of the flotation process. The flotation process depends on many variable factors. These are mainly occurrences like collision of single particle with gas bubble, adhesion of particle to the surface of bubble and detachment process. These factors are characterized by randomness. Because of that it is only possible to talk about the probability of occurence of one of these events which directly affects the speed of the process, thus a constant speed of flotation process. Probability of the bubble-particle collision in the flotation chamber with mechanical pulp agitation depends on the surface tension of the solution, air consumption, degree of pul aeration, energy dissipation and average feed particle size. Appropriate identification and description of the parameters of the dispersion of gas bubbles helps to complete the analysis of the flotation process in a specific physicochemical conditions and hydrodynamic for any raw material. The article presents the results of measurements and analysis of the gas phase dispersion by the size distribution of air bubbles in a flotation chamber under fixed hydrodynamic conditions. The tests were carried out in the Laboratory of Instrumental Methods in Department of Environmental Engineering and Mineral Processing, Faculty of Mining and Geoengineerin, AGH Univeristy of Science and Technology in Krakow.
Application of Geodetic Techniques for Antenna Positioning in a Ground Penetrating Radar Method
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Ewelina , Ortyl Łukasz , Karczewski Jerzy
Published: March 2018

The accuracy of determining the location of detectable subsurface objects is related to the accuracy of the position of georadar traces in a given profile, which in turn depends on the precise assessment of the distance covered by an antenna. During georadar measurements the distance covered by an antenna can be determined with a variety of methods. Recording traces at fixed time intervals is the simplest of them. A method which allows for more precise location of georadar traces is recording them at fixed distance intervals, which can be performed with the use of distance triggers (such as a measuring wheel or a hip chain). The search for methods eliminating these discrepancies can be based on the measurement of spatial coordinates of georadar traces conducted with the use of modern geodetic techniques for 3-D location. These techniques include above all a GNSS satellite system and electronic tachymeters. Application of the above mentioned methods increases the accuracy of space location of georadar traces. The article presents the results of georadar measurements performed with the use of geodetic techniques in the test area of Mydlniki in Krakow. A satellite receiver Leica system 1200 and a electronic tachymeter Leica 1102 TCRA were integrated with the georadar equipment. The accuracy of locating chosen subsurface structures was compared.
Facile Access to 1,5-Benzodiazepines via Amine-Promoted (4+3) Annulations of δ-Acetoxy Allenoates with o-Diaminobenzenes
under Mild Conditions
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , He Cheng-Yu , Hou Longlei , Tian Ping , Lin Guo-Qiang , Tong Xiaofeng
Published: March 2018

An amine-promoted (4+3) annulation of δ-acetoxy allenoate with o-diaminobenzene is reported, providing a facile access to 1,5-benzodiazepine. This method features wide reaction scope, mild conditions, and readily available starting materials. The cascade reaction involves aza-Michael addition of o-diaminobenzene to allenoate, elimination of acetate group, and subsequent 1,6-aza-Michael addition.
Seizure Freedom in Patients with Dravet Syndrome with Contraceptives: A Case Report with Two Patients
Authors: Grothe Stefan , Kluger Gerhard , Lotte Jan
Published: March 2018

Dravet syndrome is a rare and malignant epileptic syndrome that is typically resistant to antiepileptic drugs. There is a growing interest in the antiepileptic properties of neurosteroids. Especially progesterone is known to act as an anticonvulsive agent. However, contraceptives that act as orally given neurosteroids often lead to increased seizures in women with epilepsy.

We report on two girls with Dravet syndrome, who gained seizure freedom under therapy with contraceptives. The first patient received an oral contraceptive, a combination of an estrogen, and a gestagen, due to hypermenorrhea. The second received a pure gestagen implant for contraception.

The antiepileptic effect of progesterone is mainly attributed to its conversion into allopregnanolone and related neurosteroids, which are positive modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors. It is unclear whether the observed effect of these contraceptives containing synthetic progesterone derivatives may be specific for the Dravet syndrome, and it is unclear whether and how this observation can be used therapeutically.
Wieso werde ich ständig übergriffig?
Authors: Henrich Tobias
Published: March 2018

Protokoll systemische Fallbesprechung Im fünften Teil unserer Serie geht es um eine fremdaggressive Patientin, die um Aufmerksamkeit ringt und keine
Krankheitseinsicht zeigt. Lesen Sie, wie das Pflegeteam es schafft, mithilfe der systemischen Fallbesprechung neue Perspektiven für den Umgang mit der Patientin
zu entwickeln. Auch hier möchten wir Sie wieder einladen, sich selbst in die verschiedenen Rollen hineinzuversetzen. Fallen Ihnen weitere Lösungswege ein? Dann
schreiben Sie uns an psych.pflegeheute@thieme.de.
Die Agenten der Moral schlagen zurück. Zur Kritik des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes
Authors: Benkel Thorsten
Published: March 2018

Das ProstSchG von 2017 dient vordergründig Schutzzwecken, muss tatsächlich aber als politisches Konstrukt und darüber hinaus als empirieferne Konzeption
angesehen werden. Ein näherer Blick auf den Vorschriftenkanon offenbart, dass es hintergründig um eine moralische Wertung geht, die SexarbeiterInnen nicht
unterstützt, sondern ihre Tätigkeit mit institutionellen Widerständen versieht. Die in Verkleidung auftretende Zielsetzung ist ein Moralprotektionismus; er
dient nicht den Prostituierten, sondern denen, die sich von Sexarbeit gestört fühlen.
Spectral simplicity of apparent complexity. I. The nondiagonalizable metadynamics of prediction
Authors: Riechers Paul M. , Crutchfield James P.
Published: March 2018

Virtually all questions that one can ask about the behavioral and structural complexity of a stochastic process reduce to a linear algebraic framing of a time evolution governed by an appropriate hidden-Markov process generator. Each type of question—correlation, predictability, predictive cost, observer synchronization, and the like—induces a distinct generator class. Answers are then functions of the class-appropriate transition dynamic. Unfortunately, these dynamics are generically nonnormal, nondiagonalizable, singular, and so on. Tractably analyzing these dynamics relies on adapting the recently introduced meromorphic functional calculus, which specifies the spectral decomposition of functions of nondiagonalizable linear operators, even when the function poles and zeros coincide with the operator's spectrum. Along the way, we establish special properties of the spectral projection operators that demonstrate how they capture the organization of subprocesses within a complex system. Circumventing the spurious infinities of alternative calculi, this leads in the sequel, Part II [P. M. Riechers and J. P. Crutchfield, Chaos 28, 033116 (2018)], to the first closed-form expressions for complexity measures, couched either in terms of the Drazin inverse (negative-one power of a singular operator) or the eigenvalues and projection operators of the appropriate transition dynamic.
Simple and portable low frequency lock-in amplifier designed for photoacoustic measurements and its application to thermal effusivity determination in liquids
Authors: Ortega-Robles Emmanuel , Cruz-Orea Alfredo , Elías-Viñas David
Published: March 2018

The lock-in amplifier is a very useful instrument for observing very small signals under adverse signal-to-noise conditions. In this work, we describe a simple and portable lock-in amplifier designed to be used in photoacoustic measurements. The device was used to measure the thermal effusivity of eight different liquid samples (distilled water, glycerol, acetone, ethanol, 2-propanol, chloroform, hexane, and methanol), as well as the effusivity of acetone in aqueous solution at distinct concentrations, giving good results. The instrument has a bandwidth of 10 Hz–10 kHz and a sensitivity of 1 μV.
A review on ab initio studies of static, transport, and optical properties of polystyrene under extreme conditions for inertial confinement fusion applications
Authors: Hu S. X. , Collins L. A. , Boehly T. R. , Ding Y. H. , Radha P. B. , Goncharov V. N. , Karasiev V. V. , Collins G. W. , Regan S. P. , Campbell E. M.
Published: March 2018

Polystyrene (CH), commonly known as “plastic,” has been one of the widely used ablator materials for capsule designs in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Knowing its precise properties under high-energy-density conditions is crucial to understanding and designing ICF implosions through radiation–hydrodynamic simulations. For this purpose, systematic ab initio studies on the static, transport, and optical properties of CH, in a wide range of density and temperature conditions (ρ = 0.1 to 100 g/cm3 and T = 103 to 4 × 106 K), have been conducted using quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations based on the density functional theory. We have built several wide-ranging, self-consistent material-properties tables for CH, such as the first-principles equation of state, the QMD-based thermal conductivity (κQMD) and ionization, and the first-principles opacity table. This paper is devoted to providing a review on (1) what results were obtained from these systematic ab initio studies; (2) how these self-consistent results were compared with both traditional plasma-physics models and available experiments; and (3) how these first-principles–based properties of polystyrene affect the predictions of ICF target performance, through both 1-D and 2-D radiation–hydrodynamic simulations. In the warm dense regime, our ab initio results, which can significantly differ from predictions of traditional plasma-physics models, compared favorably with experiments. When incorporated into hydrocodes for ICF simulations, these first-principles material properties of CH have produced significant differences over traditional models in predicting 1-D/2-D target performance of ICF implosions on OMEGA and direct-drive–ignition designs for the National Ignition Facility. Finally, we will discuss the implications of these studies on the current small-margin ICF target designs using a CH ablator.
Experimental investigation of coaxial-gun-formed plasmas injected into a background transverse magnetic field or plasma
Authors: Zhang Yue , Fisher Dustin M. , Gilmore Mark , Hsu Scott C. , Lynn Alan G.
Published: March 2018

Injection of coaxial-gun-formed magnetized plasmas into a background transverse vacuum magnetic field or into a background magnetized plasma has been studied in the helicon-cathode (HelCat) linear plasma device at the University of New Mexico [M. Gilmore et al., J. Plasma Phys. 81, 345810104 (2015)]. A magnetized plasma jet launched into a background transverse magnetic field shows emergent kink stabilization of the jet due to the formation of a sheared flow in the jet above the kink stabilization threshold 0.1kVA [Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 110702 (2017)]. Injection of a spheromak-like plasma into a transverse background magnetic field led to the observation of finger-like structures on the side with a stronger magnetic field null between the spheromak and the background field. The finger-like structures are consistent with magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Jets or spheromaks launched into a background, low-β magnetized plasma show similar behavior as above, respectively, in both cases.
Kinetic modeling of streamer penetration into de-ionized water
Authors: Levko Dmitry , Sharma Ashish , Raja Laxminarayan L.
Published: March 2018

Interest in plasma-liquid interaction phenomena has grown in recent years due to applications in plasma medicine, water purification, and plasma-hydrocarbon reforming. The plasma in contact with liquid is generated, for example, using the plasma jets or streamer discharges. The interaction between the streamer and water can cause both physical and chemical modifications of the liquid. In this paper, the interaction between an anode-directed streamer and the de-ionized water is studied using one-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collisions model. In this model, plasma species in both gas and liquid phase are considered as the macro-particles. We find that the penetration of the streamer head into the liquid causes ionization of water molecules by electron impact, a process which is usually ignored in the fluid models. The main charge carriers in the liquid phase are negative water ions which agree with earlier experimental and computational modeling studies. Additionally, we observe an ion-rich sheath in the vicinity of the water surface on the gas side.
Interplay of intermolecular interactions and flexibility to mediate glass forming ability and fragility: A study of chemical analogs
Authors: Saini Manoj K. , Jin Xiao , Wu Tao , Liu Yingdan , Wang Li-Min
Published: March 2018

We have investigated the enthalpic and dielectric relaxations of four groups of quinoline analogs having similar structural properties (i.e., rigidity, stiffness, and bulkiness) but a different steric character and the nature of intermolecular interactions and flexibility. The dielectric fragility index (md) and the enthalpic one (mH), determined by the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan–Hodge formalism, are comparable. Generally, for the four sets of molecules of similar structures, both the interactions and flexibility are found to be critical in making the large span of fragility (i.e., from 59 to 131) and glass forming ability. By contrast, individual impacts of the interaction and flexibility can only explain fragility partly among each group of isomers. We found that the molecules with high fragility are of relatively low liquid density, reflecting the joint impact of the interactions and flexibility. An interesting result is observed among the isomers that the molecules which are fragile have enhanced glass forming ability. The results are unveiling the joint impacts of molecular structure (flexibility) and intermolecular interaction on the molecular dynamics.
Modification of strain and 2DEG density induced by wafer bending of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure: Influence of edges caused by processing
Authors: Wang Ashu , Zeng Lingyan , Wang Wen , Calle Fernando
Published: March 2018

Due to the piezoelectricity, the density of 2DEG (NS) formed in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure can be altered when it is deformed externally, which may be exploited to develop pressure sensors and to enhance the performance of power devices by stress engineering based on the heterostructure. In this paper, a 3D electro-mechanical simulation is presented to study how the induced strains and NS for the AlGaN/GaN wafer under bending exerted uniaxial stress are influenced by the edges caused by processing: the fabrication of the mesa used for isolation, the ohmic contact metal, the gate metal, and the passivation. Results show that the influences are dependent on distance between the edges, depth of the edges, and direction of the exerted uniaxial stress.
NH3 adsorption on anatase-TiO2(101)
Authors: Koust Stig , Adamsen Kræn C. , Kolsbjerg Esben Leonhard , Li Zheshen , Hammer Bjørk , Wendt Stefan , Lauritsen Jeppe V.
Published: March 2018

The adsorption of ammonia on anatase TiO2 is of fundamental importance for several catalytic applications of TiO2 and for probing acid-base interactions. Utilizing high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and density functional theory (DFT), we identify the adsorption mode and quantify the adsorption strength on the anatase TiO2(101) surface. It was found that ammonia adsorbs non-dissociatively as NH3 on regular five-fold coordinated titanium surface sites (5f-Ti) with an estimated exothermic adsorption energy of 1.2 eV for an isolated ammonia molecule. For higher adsorbate coverages, the adsorption energy progressively shifts to smaller values, due to repulsive intermolecular interactions. The repulsive adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are quantified using DFT and autocorrelation analysis of STM images, which both showed a repulsive energy of ∼50 meV for nearest neighbor sites and a lowering in binding energy for an ammonia molecule in a full monolayer of 0.28 eV, which is in agreement with TPD spectra.
Shock-driven discrete vortex evolution on a high-Atwood number oblique interface
Authors: Rasmus A. M. , Di Stefano C. A. , Flippo K. A. , Doss F. W. , Kline J. L. , Hager J. D. , Merritt E. C. , Desjardins T. R. , Wan W. C. , Cardenas T. , Schmidt D. W. , Donovan P. M. , Fierro F. , Martinez J. I. , Zingale J. S. , Kuranz C. C.
Published: March 2018

We derive a model describing vorticity deposition on a high-Atwood number interface with a sinusoidal perturbation by an oblique shock propagating from a heavy into a light material. Limiting cases of the model result in vorticity distributions that lead to Richtmyer-Meshkov and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability growth. For certain combinations of perturbation amplitude, wavelength, and tilt of the shock, a regime is found in which discrete, co-aligned, vortices are deposited on the interface. The subsequent interface evolution is described by a discrete vortex model, which is found to agree well with both RAGE simulations and experiments at early times.
Narrow spectral linewidth in InAs/InP quantum dot distributed feedback lasers
Authors: Duan J. , Huang H. , Lu Z. G. , Poole P. J. , Wang C. , Grillot F.
Published: March 2018

This paper reports on the spectral linewidth of InAs/InP quantum dot distributed feedback lasers. Owing to a low inversion factor and a low linewidth enhancement factor, a narrow spectral linewidth of 160 kHz (80 kHz intrinsic linewidth) with a low sensitivity to temperature is demonstrated. When using anti-reflection coatings on both facets, narrow linewidth operation is extended to high powers, believed to be due to a reduction in the longitudinal spatial hole burning. These results confirm the high potential of quantum dot lasers for increasing transmission capacity in future coherent communication systems.
Electrical control of ferromagnetism in the n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor (In,Fe)Sb with high Curie temperature
Authors: Tu Nguyen Thanh , Hai Pham Nam , Anh Le Duc , Tanaka Masaaki
Published: March 2018

By studying the electrical control of the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs), we can understand many fundamental aspects of carrier-induced ferromagnetism and explore the possibilities of device applications. Previous experiments on the electrical control of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped FMSs were limited to very low temperatures due to their low Curie temperature (TC). Here, we demonstrate electrical control ferromagnetism at high temperature (210 K) in an electric double layer transistor with an n-type high-TC FMS (In0.89,Fe0.11)Sb thin film channel. A liquid electrolyte is used instead of a conventional solid gate to obtain a large change (40%) of the electron density in the (In0.89,Fe0.11)Sb channel. By applying a small gate voltage (0 → +5 V), TC of the (In,Fe)Sb thin film can be changed by 7 K, indicating that the magnetization as well as ferromagnetic phase transition in (In,Fe)Sb can be controlled at high temperature by the gate electric field despite a small change of electron concentration Δn = 2.2 × 1017 cm−3. Our result paves a way for realizing semiconductor spintronic devices operating at room temperature with low power consumption.
A new mechanism for periodic bursting of the recirculation region in the flow through a sudden expansion in a circular pipe
Authors: Lebon Benoit , Nguyen Minh Quan , Peixinho Jorge , Shadloo Mostafa Safdari , Hadjadj Abdellah
Published: March 2018

We report the results of a combined experimental and numerical study of specific finite-amplitude disturbances for transition to turbulence in the flow through a circular pipe with a sudden expansion. The critical amplitude thresholds for localized turbulent patch downstream of the expansion scale with the Reynolds number with a power law exponent of −2.3 for experiments and −2.8 for simulations. A new mechanism for the periodic bursting of the recirculation region is uncovered where the asymmetric recirculation flow develops a periodic dynamics: a secondary recirculation breaks the symmetry along the pipe wall and bursts into localized turbulence, which travels downstream and relaminarises. Flow visualizations show a simple flow pattern of three waves forming, growing, and bursting.
Free-fall dynamics of a pair of rigidly linked disks
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Chang Jaehyeock , Kim Daegyoum
Published: March 2018

We investigate experimentally the free-fall motion of a pair of identical disks rigidly connected to each other. The three-dimensional coordinates of the pair of falling disks were constructed to quantitatively describe its trajectory, and the flow structure formed by the disk pair was identified by using dye visualization. The rigidly linked disk pair exhibits a novel falling pattern that creates a helical path with a conical configuration in which the lower disk rotates in a wider radius than the upper disk with respect to a vertical axis. The helical motion occurs consistently for the range of disk separation examined in this study. The dye visualization reveals that a strong, noticeable helical vortex core is generated from the outer tip of the lower disk during the helical motion. With an increasing length ratio, which is the ratio of the disk separation to the diameter of the disks, the nutation angle and the rate of change in the precession angle that characterize the combined helical and conical kinematics decrease linearly, whereas the pitch of the helical path increases linearly. Although all disk pairs undergo this helical motion, the horizontal-drift patterns of the disk pair depend on the length ratio.
On regularizing the MCTDH equations of motion
Authors: Meyer Hans-Dieter , Wang Haobin
Published: March 2018

The Multiconfiguration Time-Dependent Hartree (MCTDH) approach leads to equations of motion (EOM) which become singular when there are unoccupied so-called single-particle functions (SPFs). Starting from a Hartree product, all SPFs, except the first one, are unoccupied initially. To solve the MCTDH-EOMs numerically, one therefore has to remove the singularity by a regularization procedure. Usually the inverse of a density matrix is regularized. Here we argue and show that regularizing the coefficient tensor, which in turn regularizes the density matrix as well, leads to an improved performance of the EOMs. The initially unoccupied SPFs are rotated faster into their “correct direction” in Hilbert space and the final results are less sensitive to the choice of the value of the regularization parameter. For a particular example (a spin-boson system studied with a transformed Hamiltonian), we could even show that only with the new regularization scheme could one obtain correct results. Finally, in Appendix A, a new integration scheme for the MCTDH-EOMs developed by Lubich and co-workers is discussed. It is argued that this scheme does not solve the problem of the unoccupied natural orbitals because this scheme ignores the latter and does not propagate them at all.
Sociolinguistic competence and the acquisition of speaking
Authors: Geeslin Kimberly L. , Gudmestad Aarnes , Kanwit Matthew , Linford Bret , Long Avizia Y. , Schmidt Lauren B. , Solon Megan
Published: March 2018

In face-to-face spoken interactions, language learners must construct a meaningful message consistent with the L2 grammar, articulate it
comprehensibly, and manage the aspects of oral communication that reflect speaker identity, interlocutor identities, and the
characteristics of the interactional context. A lack of sociolinguistic competence can lead to a failure to convey formality, politeness,
solidarity, friendship, and group membership, and this will negatively affect the communicative outcome. The current chapter examines the
social and situational information one conveys through linguistic variants in speech, offering a state-of-the-art account of empirical
research, including a discussion of pressing issues in the field, such as the roles of lexical frequency, geographic variation, and
language attitudes, as well as the pedagogical implications of this research.
Gesture and speaking a second language
Authors: Stam Gale
Published: March 2018

Speaking in a second language involves not just speech; it also involves gesture (Stam, 2014). To not consider gesture in second language speaking is to ignore an integral part of language and interaction. When we view language as only speech, we view only one aspect of language and thought, the verbal aspect. We ignore gesture, the imagistic aspect. We take only a static view of language and ignore the dynamic aspect as David McNeill (2012) has pointed out. Speaking is not a static activity; it is an action. This chapter discusses why gestures need to be taken into account when looking at speaking in a second language.