bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Photographic Distortion in Bite Marks: A Report of the Bite Mark Guidelines Committee
Authors: Rawson RD , Vale GL , Herschaft EE , Sperber ND , Dowell S
Published: August 2015

Some degree of distortion is found in all bite marks. That distortion can be caused by photographic methods of recording the mark, by the dynamics of the bite, or by artifaction. All types of distortion complicate the process of matching marks to dentition, thus making it important to understand the distortion and, if possible, correct or allow for it. A method of analyzing photographically distorted bite patterns is presented, future research directions are suggested, and evidence-gathering standards are stressed.
Catecholamines in the Vitreous Fluid and Urine of Guinea Pigs Dying of Cold and the Effect of Postmortem Freezing and Autolysis
Authors: Lapinlampi TO , Hirvonen JI
Published: August 2015

Concentrations of catecholamines in vitreous fluid and urine in guinea pigs dying of cold and the effects of freezing and autolysis on these parameters were studied. The analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Noradrenaline (NA) concentration in vitreous fluid was more than 20 times higher in the cold exposed animals than in controls (44.2 ± 9.2 versus 2.0 ± 1.0 ng/mL). Autolysis alone caused an increase to 33.5 ± 7.7 ng/mL, and freezing alone to 13.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL. The highest values were in the group with exposure, freezing, and autolysis. Adrenaline (A) concentration in the vitreous fluid increased fourfold (3.9 ± 1.5 versus 0.7 ± 0.5 ng/mL) in cold exposure and twofold as a result of autolysis. Dopamine (DA) concentration in vitreous fluid was elevated only in the group with exposure, freezing, and autolysis. The increase of NA concentration in urine was fivefold during the whole exposure (from 19.4 ± 6.9 to 109 ± 57.3 ng/mL), but A was increased by twentyfold (from 10 ± 5.1 to 213.2 ± 168.7 ng/mL), whereas DA concentration did not change. The increase of average excretion of NA to urine was eightfold during the first 6 h of exposure, and that of A tenfold. According to the present results, elevated concentrations of catecholamines in the vitreous fluid and urine can be used as a diagnostic aid for hypothermia death. Concerning the values of noradrenaline in the vitreous, the increase as a result of autolysis must be taken in account when interpreting the results.
Population Frequencies of Carbonic Anhydrase II (CA II), Esterase D (EsD), and Glyoxalase I (GLO) in the Metropolitan Birmingham, Alabama Area
Authors: Meighen AG , Smith FP , Angus RA , McClelland C
Published: August 2015

Both black and white populations from Birmingham, Alabama were analyzed for the frequencies of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), glyoxalase I (GLO) and esterase D (EsD) isozymes. The results compared favorably with published frequencies of these genetic markers in other populations.
The Sciatic Notch/Acetabular Index as a Discriminator of Sex in European Skeletal Remains
Authors: MacLaughlin SM , Bruce MF
Published: August 2015

The sciatic notch/acetabular index and its rule of thumb application was tested on two European skeletal series of documented sex. The results showed poor consistency between documented and estimated sex. Of the two variables comprising the index, it appeared that sciatic notch width was a particularly poor discriminator of sex. It is suggested that this may be due to differences in the relationship between sciatic notch form and body size in different ethnic groups.
Fractal Surfaces as Models of Physical Matches
Authors: Thornton JI
Published: August 2015

Computer-generated fractal surfaces may be used as models of evidence physical matches. The complexity of the model surface, and by extension, the degree of uniqueness of the surface, may be expressed in terms of the time required for the calculation of the surface parameters.
A Review of Environmental Dispute Resolution
Authors: Starrs JE
Published: August 2015

If you have always wanted to know whether the current and ongoing despoiling of the environment will result in the “silent spring” against which Rachel Carson forewarned, this book is not for you. But if you are driven to know whether environmental disputes can have either a zero-sum or a nonzero-sum resolution, then this book will definitely suit your tastes.
A Microplate Method for Reverse ABO Typing of Bloodstains
Authors: Mudd JL
Published: August 2015

A sensitive and reliable hemagglutination assay, using V-bottom microplates, is described for the detection of the ABO blood group alloantibodies in bloodstained material. When used in conjunction with an absorption-elution procedure, the microplate assay resulted in a 300% increase in the number of conclusive grouping results when compared to the Lattes crust test. The use of the microplate reverse grouping assay permits 24 specimens to be assayed conveniently on a single plate and eliminates the tedious and time-consuming microscopic examination required for the Lattes crust test.
Developments in Arson Analysis: A Comparison of Charcoal Adsorption and Direct Headspace Injection Techniques Using Fused Silica Capillary Gas Chromatography
Authors: Reeve V , Jeffery J , Weihs D , Jennings W
Published: August 2015

Procedures that have been explored for the extraction or concentration or both of fire accelerant materials from arson residues include direct headspace injection, steam distillation, charcoal adsorption followed by thermal or solvent elution, and on-column headspace injection of vapor samples, combined with cryogenic focusing. Because of the advantages to be gained from improved separations and increased sensitivity, it seemed advisable to use capillary column gas chromatography with whatever method was ultimately selected. The results of previous studies led to a decision to compare (1) a modified carbon wire adsorption technique and (2) cryogenic focused vapor samples directly injected on-column. Based on our experiences with the charcoal and cryogenic focusing techniques (in presence of water), the cryogenic method is an appropriate and satisfactory technique. Concentration methods (for example, distillation and adsorption) have been faulted for engendering quantitative and qualitative changes in the sample. Direct headspace injections of the type investigated here exercise less effects. They are simple to perform, require minimum sample preparation, and result in superior case sensitivity.
Patterns in Sharp Force Fatalities—A Comprehensive Forensic Medical Study
Authors: Ormstad K , Karlsson T , Enkler L , Law B , Rajs J
Published: August 2015

A ten-year series of 142 homicidal fatalities caused by sharp force injury was studied with the aim to systematize information inherent in the characteristics of the victim and the pattern of injuries. The population of victims consisted of 112 males (79%) and 30 females (21%); among perpetrators, 125 (88%) were males. Among victims as well as among perpetrators, persons of non-Swedish origin were overrepresented in relation to their share of the nonselected population. In 82 cases (58%), one or two wounds had been inflicted; in 23 cases (16%), ten or more wounds. In the latter group, eleven victims but no perpetrators were female.

In the majority of cases victim and perpetrator were known to each other, and in instances of multiple wounding, a close relationship between the two was clearly more common than in the group of one- to two-wound fatalities. Tests for blood alcohol were positive in 86 of 116 victims (74%), the majority being in elimination phase. Furthermore, 96 of 120 perpetrators (80%) had positive tests or were known to be drunk at the time of the killing. In multiple wound fatalities, alcohol inebriation was less common both among victims and perpetrators. In these cases, the two persons involved were usually closely related or intimately known to each other, and in the absence of psychiatric disorder in the assailant, the motive was of a passionate type.
Alcohol: Its Effect on Handwriting
Authors: Galbraith NG
Published: August 2015

A series of research studies was conducted to determine if there would be changes in the handwriting of 35 men and women after they had been drinking. Handwriting samples were taken before the participants had consumed any alcohol and again after the drinking period had ended. Deterioration in the handwriting was charted. Based on this study, the handwriting could not be used in any way to measure accurately the blood alcohol concentration of a writer. The results of the handwriting comparisons are discussed.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Murderers
Authors: Harry B , Resnick PJ
Published: August 2015

Three case histories of men who suffered posttraumatic stress disorders after committing homicides are presented. These men were relatively young and had chaotic childhoods and minimal criminal histories. Each had killed a woman with whom he had a significant but intensely turbulent emotional relationship. The killings all occurred during altered mental states that were unrelated to the use of drugs or alcohol. The clinical significance and some of the medicolegal implications of this phenomenon are discussed.
Fractionation of Accelerants and Arson Residues by Solid Phase Extraction
Authors: Aldridge TA , Oates M
Published: August 2015

Adsorption elution extracts of fire debris are separated on solid phase extraction columns to divide the sample into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. The fractions are analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and compared with standard accelerants similarly treated.
The Breaking of Tempered Glass Vehicle Windows Using Broken Spark Plug Insulators
Authors: Springer E , Zeichner A
Published: August 2015

A novel and efficient method for forced entry into vehicles using broken spark plug insulators to break the windows was reviewed. Various experiments were performed in which a number of objects, varying in their physical characteristics, were compared to the broken ceramic plus insulators in order to examine the uniqueness of the latter in the breaking of tempered glass. A plausible mechanism was presented attributing the great efficiency of the insulators to their hardness in relation to other materials (MOHS scale), and to their potential for the concentration of force in one point because of the sharp, jagged ends.
Race Determination of Fragmentary Crania by Analysis of the Cranial Base
Authors: Dean Holland T
Published: August 2015

The cranial base can be used to determine the race of fragmentary skulls. An initial study used 8 measurements taken from 100 crania in the Terry Collection. The sample was divided equally by race and sex. Five regression models were formulated that predicted correctly the race of the sample with 70 to 86% accuracy. In a separate test, a control sample of 20 skulls, also drawn from the Terry Collection but not involved with formulating the regression equations, was correctly classified with 75 to 95% accuracy.
A Review of Death Investigation and Examination Medicolegal Guidelines and Checklists
Authors: Froede RC
Published: August 2015

The notebook, edited by the Executive Director and the Chairman of the Forensic Sciences Foundation, consists of a ten-part series of guidelines and checklists concerning a variety of medicolegal procedures. The contributors are forensic science experts in their respective fields. These fields include scene investigation, postmortem examination, toxicology, odontology, physical anthropology, and jurisdictional problems. There is also a selected bibliography covering some of the major forensic science areas.
A Review of The Human Skull
Authors: Rhine JS
Published: August 2015

A book on the forensic science analysis of the human skull should be a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of research, offering observations on the anatomy, morphology, metrics, and pathology of the skull. Such a volume would be a useful guide to the interpretation of a puzzling forensic science case, a “cookbook” of skull analysis.
The tumor suppressor FBW7 controls ciliary length
Authors: Nikonova Anna S , Golemis Erica A
Published: August 2015

The primary cilium provides a hub for reception of extracellular chemical and mechanical cues that influence differentiation, proliferation, and polarity, and contributes to cell cycle control. Ciliary length impacts the cilium's ability to coordinate these processes, and length control defects are linked to a number of clinically important developmental disorders. An exciting new study identifies a new mechanism of ciliary regulation based on interactions of CDK5 and the FBW7 tumor suppressor in regulating the degradation of the centrosomal protein NDE1 (Maskey et al, ).
NITRIC OXIDE, ITS METABOLITES, AND GLUTATHIONE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS В AND С
Authors: Korkotashvili L. V. , Romanova S. V. , Kolesov S. A.
Published: August 2015

Aim. To detect changes in the concentration of nitric oxide and its metabolites – nitrites and nitrates in conjunction with the  indices of the glutathione system in  the children with chronic hepatitis В and С.    Patients and methods. In the research took a part 76 patients (boys or girls) with chronic hepatitis В and С aged  from 7 up to 16 years. Nitric oxide and its metabolites  determined by method of V.A. Metel’skaya and N.G. Gumanova; level of  reduced glutathione – the titrimetric analysis; activity of glutathione transferase – the method of spectrophotometry.  Results. The content of nitric oxide and its metabolites– nitrites and nitrates – in serum and urine of children with chronic viral hepatitis В and С have increased. Correlations were revealed between nitric oxide and its metabolites  in serum and urine, as well as between these indices and glutathione system parameters – reduced glutathione concentration and activity of enzymes of glutathione transferase of erythrocytes and plasma. Conclusions. In the children with chronic viral hepatitis В and С the increase of the concentration of  nitric oxide and its metabolites in serum and urine is accompanied by decrease of reduced glutathione concentration and increase of glutathione transferase activity in erythrocytes and plasma. These findings suggest the presence of oxidative stress due to which the therapy should be strengthened by antioxidant effect.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS. PART 2. CONCEPTUAL, TERMINOLOGICAL, AND DEFINITIVE FRAMEWORK OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Authors: Onishchenko G. G. , Smolenskii V. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Demina Yu. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Toporkov A. V. , Lyapin M. N. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: August 2015

In accordance with the established conceptual base for the up-to-date broad interpretation of biological safety, and IHR (2005), developed is the notional, terminological, and definitive framework, comprising 33 elements. Key item of the nomenclature is the biological safety that is identified as population safety (individual, social, national) from direct and (or) human environment mediated (occupational, socio-economic, geopolitical infrastructures, ecological system) exposures to hazardous biological factors. Ultimate objective of the biological safety provision is to prevent and liquidate aftermaths of emergency situations of biological character either of natural or human origin (anthropogenic) arising from direct and indirect impact of the biological threats to the public health compatible with national and international security hazard. Elaborated terminological framework allows for the construction of self-sufficient semantic content for biological safety provision, subject to formalization in legislative, normative and methodological respects and indicative of improvement as regards organizational and structural-functional groundwork of the Russian Federation National chemical and biological safety system, which is to become topical issue of Part 3.
THE PREDICTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Grigoriadi N. E. , Vasilets L. M. , Tuev A. V. , Ratanova E. A. , Khlynova O. V. , Agafonov A. V.
Published: August 2015

Aim. To study the parameters of the structural and functional state of the myocardium in patients with hypertension, to determine their prognostic value on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients and methods: the study involved 72 people: patients with hypertension and AF, with isolated hypertension and apparently healthy individuals. All of them performed echocardiography, blood pressure monitoring and monitoring of cardiogram. Results: the dilatation of left atrial was founded: patients with the atrial fibrillation on the background of hypertension observed the most pronounced changes in the left atrial. In patients with hypertension without arrhythmias and in combination with atrial fibrillation severe left ventricular hypertrophy was observed. Left ventricle systolic function in groups has been stored but in patients with atrial fibrillation on the background of hypertension was significantly lower. The risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension prognostic value are the only values of the age, the volume index of the left atrial to the body surface area and left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions. The risk of AF in hypertension occurs over the age of 55 and each subsequent year increases it in 1,2 times,  it increases with an index value of the left atrial to the body surface over 29 ml/m2 and with a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction less than 58%.
THE EVALUATION NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN PRETERM INFANTS WITH HYPOXIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Mikhalenko I. V. , Mikhalev E. V.
Published: August 2015

We observed 164 preterm newborns with moderate and severe hypoxic brain injury and 25 healthy newborns, who were included into control group. The clinical, laboratory and diagnostic data were analyzed and determined levels of neurospecific enolase in serum, levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum during the neonatal period followed with assessment of mental development by the method of Zhurba in the control time. Revealed that additional predictors of adverse mental outcomes in preterm newborns with severe hypoxic brain injury under one year were the intrauterine growth hypotrophic of III level type, the high level of neurospecific enolase in serum and low level of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum in 1 month after delivery.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VASCULARIZATION DEGREE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA OF THE LIVER ACCORDING TO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Tumanova U. N. , Karmazanovskii G. G. , Dubova E. A. , Shchegolev A. I.
Published: August 2015

A comparative analysis of vascularization degree of hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver according to the multislice computed tomography and histological study of tissue is presented. It was established that computed tomography with bolus contrast enhancement allows to study the characteristics of blood supply of the liver and focal formations. Frequently only the use of this method helps to evaluate specific morphological structure of tumors - hepatocellular carcinoma or focal nodular hyperplasia. As an additional differential diagnostic feature is recommended to increase the density determination of tissue formation in the arterial phase computed tomography study. The maximum of vascularization by computed tomography and immunohistochemistry (with antibodies CD34) are installed in a tissue of highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.
GENES OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES
Authors: Kolesnikova L. I. , Bairova T. A. , Pervushina O. A.
Published: August 2015

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis the most of diseases. Important components of protecting cells from oxidative stress are antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant enzymes are characterized by population differences in enzyme activity. The purpose of the study to summarize and discuss information on genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in the most pathology. The development plays of the role of oxidative stress.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF UTEROPLACENTAL CIRCULATION IMPAIRMENT IN 1ST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED OBSTETRIC HISTORY
Authors: Savel'eva G. M. , Bugerenko E. Yu. , Panina O. B.
Published: August 2015

One of the urgent problems of modern obstetrics is the early detection of irregularities in the development of the uteroplacental vessels system in patients with severe disorders in the history. Aim: to evaluate the predictive value of re-development of obstetric pathology on the basis of the uterine artery Doppler on 11–14 weeks of pregnancy. Patients and methods. 410 patients in I trimester of pregnancy were examined with fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia and/or fetal death and/or a history of preterm delivery were. The influence of physical factors and obstetric history on the state of uterine blood flow in the I trimester of pregnancy was studied. Results. The optimal Doppler indexes was calculated; a high predictive ability of the pulsation index in the uterine arteries with respect to pregnancy complications with early clinical manifestation, severe preeclampsia and combined obstetric complications was detected. Conclusions. Our data support the possibility of preclinical diagnosis of obstetrical complications in patients with complicated obstetric history.
Lipid, Adipokine аnd Ghrelin Concentrations in Myocardial Infarction Patients with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Gruzdeva O. V. , Karetnikova V. N. , Akbasheva O. Е. , Fedorova T. S. , Belik E. V. , Palicheva E. I. , Uchasova E. G. , Dyleva Yu. A. , Brazovskaya N. G. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: August 2015

Aim. The estimate insulin resistance in myocardial infarction. Patients and methods. The study involved 200 patients with myocardial infarction, in which on the 1st and 12th day of hospitalization measured glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (IR), lipid profile, the concentration of adipokines and ghrelin. Results. IR was detected in 77% of patients and was associated with a history of factors of cardiovascular risk, adverse clinical course of the disease, lipid disorders. The most important marker was the level of free fatty acids. High risk associated with increased in 9 times the concentration of free fatty acids in blood plasma. Patients with IR observed increased concentrations of leptin, resistin, and reduced the protective effect of adiponectin. The high specificity and sensitivity characteristic of the concentration of ghrelin: its reduction by 4 times in the acute phase of myocardial infarction increases the risk of MI by 78%. Conclusions. Significant risk factors for MI myocardial infarction, along with insulinemia and glycemia, is to increase the concentration of free fatty acids and the disbalance in the system adipokines against deficiency of ghrelin in acute and early recovery periods of the disease. Free fatty acids and ghrelin are promising markers to stratify the risk of insulin resistance in patients with myocardial infarction.
THE SUCCESS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY BIOFEEDBACK PARAMETERS IN PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Poskotinova L. V. , Demin D. B. , Krivonogova E. V. , Dieva M. N. , Khasanova N. M.
Published: August 2015

Objective. The aim was to determine the nature of cardiovascular reactions during a single session of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback in order to increase vagal effects on heart rhythm in patients with different initial levels of blood pressure (BP). Participants and methods. 33 people with normal blood pressure (group I), 20 people with uncorrected arterial hypertension (AH) grade 1-2 (group II) and 22 people with AH grade 1-2 taking antihypertensive drugs (group III) were observed. The parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), BP and pulse oximetry in the initial stage, during a single HRV biofeedback session and after this session in order to increase the total power of the HRV spectrum (each stage was 5 min). Results. In patients of group II low success of HRV biofeedback session, a high sympathetic reactivity and reduced oxygen blood saturation were determined. A reactivity of vagal mechanism is more pronounced in persons of group III than in those of group II. It is reflected in a significant increase in their total power of the HRV spectrum compared to the initial values and in uptrend saturation levels during the biofeedback session. Conclusions. The ability to HRV biofeedback in order to increase the total power of the HRV spectrum for standard short recording (5 min) can be seen as a test to determine the safety reserves of vagal autonomic cardiovascular regulation in persons with increased blood pressure.
IMMUNOLOGIC INDEXES, ENZYME STATUS OF LYMPHOCYTES AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF BLOOD NEUTROPHILS IN CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS CAUSED BY EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS
Authors: Kurtasova L. M. , Tolstikova A. E. , Savchenko A. A.
Published: August 2015

Aim. Explore the immunological parameters, levels of activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases lymphocytes, interferon status parameters, phagocytic activity and chemiluminescence response of neutrophils in the blood of children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Patients and methods. 65 children at the age of 4–6 years old with infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV in acute phase were observed. Such indexes as cell-mediated, humoral and interferon immunity, NAD(P)-depended dehydrogenases activity in blood lymphocyte, phagocytes activity, levels of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence of peripheral blood neutrophils were studied. Results. Children with EVB-infection have immunophenotype spectrum changes and changes of enzymes status of blood lymphocytes against the increasing in leucocytes and the useful increasing in lymphocytes. The useful increasing in IgA, IgM, IgG contenting in serum blood were found. The decreasing of spontaneous production of IFN α and the decreasing of induced production of IFN α, IFN γ were determined. The breach of phagocytes activity and chemiluminescent response of blood neutrophils were found. Conclusions. The children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, there are changes in the immune status, changes the activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes, marked changes in functional and metabolic state of peripheral blood neutrophils.
ASSOCIATION OF POLYMORPHISM RS6737848 IN THE SOCS5 GENE WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Saltykova I. V. , Freidin M. B. , Bragina E. Yu. , Ogorodova L. M. , Puzyrev V. P.
Published: August 2015

Aim: to investigate the role of polymorphic variants of immune-response modifying genes in predisposition to asthma. Patients and methods. The analysis of restriction fragments length polymorphism was used to investigate 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms: IFNG rs2069705, IFNGR2 rs17880053, IL4 rs 2070874, IL4RA rs 1805010, GATA3 rs10905277, TBX21 rs11652969, PIASY rs3760903, PIAS3 rs12756687, STAT5β rs16967593, and SOCS5 rs6737848 in 106 asthma patients and 115 healthy people. Results. The rs6737848 SOCS5 polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma in additive model (р =0,05, OR =0,338, 95%CI 0,158–0,723) and in dominant model (р =0,02, OR =0,284, CI 0,126–0,638). None of the polymorphisms of the studied genes was associated with total IgE levels. Conclusions. This is the first report on the association of rs6737848 SOCS5 with asthma.
THE MICROMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC OF PLACENTAE’S VILLIFEROUS TREE IN WOMEN IN CHILDBIRTH WHO HAVE GIVEN BIRTH TO NEWBORNS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
Authors: Seidbekova F. O.
Published: August 2015

One of the actual problems of modern obstetrics is fetoplacental insufficiency. The aim of the Research is micrometric characteristic of placentas villiferous tree of women at 38-40 weeks, who gave birth to babies with congenital developmental abnormalities. Patients and methods. The resulting material was distributed in 3 groups. The control group - 40 placentas, conditional control group - 45 placentas, the basic group - 64 placentas. The results of a complex analysis have shown the presence of degenerative, dystrophic, proliferative disorders of the placentas in the basic group. Conclusions: our data showed the presence of ischemic and necrotic areas with the presence of immature terminal villi.
EPIDEMIOLOGY-BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Golubnichaya V. N. , Malysh N. G.
Published: August 2015

Nowadays the structure of acute intestinal infections pathogens changed substantially. It is caused by constant evolution of bacteria and involvement of the opportunistic pathogens in the pathological processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of the acute intestinal infections caused by staphylococci in the North-Eastern region of Ukraine, to determine the pathogenic factors in isolated pathogens. The materials for the study were the data of statistical reporting of Sumy regional sanitary-epidemiological station. Biological properties of the 50 Staphylococcus aureus strains were investigated. In the work used The descriptive and analytical techniques of the epidemiological, bacteriological and statistical methods were used. In the 2007–2012 the incidence of acute intestinal infections caused by staphylococci was in the range 17,1–20,3 on the 100 thousand. 2 year-old children were prevailed in the age structure. The largest numbers of cases were recorded in January, February, April, June and August. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from the patients were characterized by a wide spectrum of pathogenic and persistence factors. Anti-lisozym activity was in 100% of the investigated cultures, anti-interferon and anti-complement activity were detected in 96,0 and 64,0% stains, ability to adhesion was present in 36,0% stains. At the same time anti-lisozym, anti-interferon and anti-complement activity were showed in the 52,0% stains of the Staphylococcus aureus. These data characterize negatively predicted for the near future regional trends in morbidity.
EXPERIMENTAL WHOOPING COUGH OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE
Authors: Kubrava D. T. , Medkova A. Yu. , Sinyashina L. N. , Shevtsova Z. V. , Matua A. Z. , Kondzharia I. G. , Barkaya V. S. , Elistratova Zh. V. , Karataev G. I. , Mikvabia Z. Ya. , Gintsburg A. L.
Published: August 2015

Despite considerable success in study of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors, pathogenesis of whooping cough, duration of B.pertussis bacteria persistence, types and mechanisms of immune response are still keep underinvestigated. It can be explained by the absence of adequate experimental animal model for pertussis study. Our study estimates clinical and laboratory parameters of whooping cough in non-human primates of the Old World in the process of intranasal infection by virulent B.pertussis bacteria. Also the duration of B.pertussis bacteria persistence in animals was investigated. 14 animal units of 4 species of non-human primates of the Old World were used for intranasal infection. The examination of infect animals included: visual exploration of nasopharynx, thermometry, clinical and biochemical blood analyses, identification of B.pertussis, using microbiologic and molecular genetic analyses, estimation of innate and adoptive immune factors.  The development of infectious process was accompanied by generation of B.pertussis bacteria, catarrhal inflammation of nasopharyngeal mucosa, leucocytosis, hypoglycemia specific for pertussis, and activation of innate and adaptive immunity for all primates regardless of specie were seen. While repeated experimental infection in primates single bacterial colonies were registered during only first week after challenge. It occurs like the absence of inflammation of nasopharyngeal mucosa and the lack of laboratory marks of whooping cough, recorded after first challenge. The evident booster effect of humoral immunity was observed. As a model for investigation of B. pertussis bacteria persistence and immune response against whooping cough we suggest the usage of rhesus macaque as more available to experiments.
APOPTOSIS CELLS OF CORONARY ARTERY WALL AS DEVELOPING AND PROGRESSING FACTOR OF CORONARY SCLEROSIS
Authors: Vladimirskaya T. E. , Shved I. A. , Krivorot S. G.
Published: August 2015

Objective: to study apoptosis of individual cellular components of the vascular wall of coronary arteries at different morphological stages of atherosclerosis. Material and methods. The study was performed on coronary arteries taken from 52 deceased patients with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease at different stages of atherogenesis. For morphological study prepared paraffin sections, which were stained for morphological studies were prepared paraffin sections, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, by Van Gieson, Masson, on lipids with Sudan black B, according to Van Cossu. .To determine apoptosis, TUNEL method used in paraffin sections. Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated by TUNEL-positive cells and the average inner shell coronary artery around the perimeter each with increasing microscopic 1000. Results. Investigation showed significant apoptosis (p 0.05) increase in AI smooth muscle, endothelial cells, macrophages in the coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis compared to intact control group vascular segments significant reduction AI endothelial, smooth muscle cells and macrophages (p  0,05) traced from the early stages of atherogenic disorders to atheromatosis. Conclusions. It is established that apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, macrophages and endothelial cells is the most intensive on early stages of atherosclerotic process. In process of progressing of atherosclerosis intensity and prevalence of apoptosis of coronary artery wall cells decreases, and processes of necrosis becomes predominant. Apoptosis of coronary artery wall cells is valuable in increasing the zones of atheromatosis, plaque destabilizations, and also increases the risk of thrombosis and ulcerations.
PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH ABSENCE OF SIGNIFICANT CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY DATA OF REGISTER OF PROVIDED CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Kuznetsov V. A. , Yaroslavskaya E. I. , Gorbatenko E. A. , Varshavchik M. V. , Krinochkin D. V. , Kolunin G. V. , Karpov R. S.
Published: August 2015

Aim of the study: the study aimed to reveal the sign of coronary atherosclerosis absence using the factor analysis in patients referred for the coronary angiography. Patients and methods: 9409 patients suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or with confirmed diagnosis of CAD from the «Registry of provided coronary angiography» were included in the study. Results of the study: principal factor described about 59% of the variation and included the burdens of 4 parameters (gender, smoking, significant coronary atherosclerosis and hypothyroidism) and was interpreted as factor of coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusions: it was found that the absence of coronary stenosis was associated with female gender, non-smoking status and hypothyroidism.
WORKING CONDITIONS АND MORTALITY AMONG MEN OF WORKING AGE IN RUSSIA (EXPERIENCE OF MURMANSK REGION)
Authors: Izmerov N. F. , Tikhonova G. I. , Gorchakova T. Yu.
Published: August 2015

Objective: To study the mortality of the male population of working age in the industrial cities depending on the specifics of the town-forming enterprises. Materials and methods.  In three cities in the Murmansk region, where the town -forming enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy (Monchegorsk, Kandalaksha) and the mining industry (Kirovsk) are located, the capital of the region (Murmansk), and in the country as a whole has been studied of mortality on average for 6-year period  (2000-2005) age-standardized death rates (direct method). Results. Comparative analysis of the causes and death rates in males of working age has shown that in all the studied cities of Murmansk region there were higher death rates in men of working age from diseases of the circulatory system (in 1,3–2,0 times) and diseases of the respiratory system (in 1,1–1,8 times) in comparison with Russia. In industrial cities, compared with Murmansk,  higher death rates of male population of working age from causes which etiologically are connected with harmful factors of manufacture have been registered: from cardiovascular diseases — in 1,1–1,5 times and respiratory diseases — in 1,2–1,6 times. In cities where non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises are located, concerning to cancerogenic, death rates from malignant neoplasms have been raised in 1,2–1,4 times. This happens, in particular, in Monchegorsk where Open Joint-Stock Company «Severonickel Combine» enterprise is located. Mortality from lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer raised in 1,8 times: the localization specific at influence of nickel.
PLATELET ACTIVITY IN THE CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS DURING ATTACKS OUTCOME AND REMISSION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Brusov O. S. , Zlobina G. P.
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the degree of activation of platelets chronically schizophrenic patients with paroxysmal course of the disease during outcome from the attack of disease or in process of forming of the remission. Platelets in platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) and after PRP gel-filtration through the column with Sepharose CL-2B taken from the ulnar vein of males with chronic schizophrenia during outcome from the attack of disease or in process of forming of the remission were measured. Patients were investigated on the peak of the disease attack (visit 1), at the stage of significant improvement of clinical state (visit 2), and at the stage of stable drug-induced remission (visit 3). Platelet quantities in PRP prepared by centrifugation are equal in patients in visits 1, 2 or 3. These platelets quantities are much less than similar platelet quantities in healthy individuals matched in age. The additional decreases of platelet quantities were found after the elution of PRP platelets from the column with Sepharose CL-2B. These additional platelet quantity losses are increased from visit 1 to visit 3. Such losses of cells indicate decrease in their resistance to various influences, their activation in spite of remission development in this group of patients.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY TESTS FOR SOMATIC DEASEASE MARKERS DETECTION
Authors: Tret'yakov S. I. , Basharova L. A. , Yarkov S. P. , Titov A. A. , Khramov E. N.
Published: August 2015

The purpose of work was creation of quantative immunochromatographic tests (ICT)   for measuring concentrations of the marker substance associated with somatic diseases: immunoglobulin Е (IgE), C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrin D-dimer  in blood serum (plasma),  which is carried out with the help of videodigital analyzers of domestic development "Reflecom" and "Zondaj". ICT were designed in "sandwich» format, using colloid gold and monoclonal antibodies. It is shown, that calibration curves received with the help of ICT and devices of videodigital registration, are well approximated by exponential dependence Y=Aexp(-x/B)+y0, where Y- device readings , х- analytes concentration, А, В, у0– constants. Samples of blood serum (plasma), under investigation received in conditions of a hospital from patients. Correlation with electrochemiluminescent immunoassay, enzyme linked immunoassay, latex-agglutinations assay and immunochromatographic method was observed.  Sensitivity of the developed tests was- 7,5 IU/ML for IgE, 5,7 ng/ml for CRP, 500 ng/ml for fibrin D-dimer. The developed analytical complex- videodigital analyzer "Zondaj" and ICT for quantitative measure of concentration IgE, fibrin D-dimer and CRP- can be successfully applied in  laboratory practice and clinical laboratory researches alongside with actual immunochemistry methods.
The Custodians of Tradition: The Problem of “Authenticity” in the Compilation of Spanish Folk Ballads
Authors: Díaz Viana Luis
Published: August 2015

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¿Qué hay antes y después de la escritura?
Authors: Dorra Raúl
Published: August 2015

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Incongruent Visions: Documentary Incursions into the Debate Over Illegal Immigration
Authors: Cope Brian
Published: August 2015

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España Transfetana: Writing the Protectorate and the Patria in La llamada del Almuédano and El tiempo entre costuras
Authors: Ellison Mahan L.
Published: August 2015

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Tonight We’re Not Whores. Tonight We’re Princesses. Sex Work and Immigration in Spain: Fernando León de Aranoa’s Princesas
Authors: Montuori Chad
Published: August 2015

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El Paraíso occidental y el ascetismo de Marina de la Cruz
Authors: Ramírez Hugo HernÃ¡n
Published: August 2015

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Alboroto y motín de la plebe racializada de don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora
Authors: Melo Ruiz Héctor
Published: August 2015

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La inversión de la Ciudad letrada en la  Nueva Corónica de Guaman Poma de Ayala
Authors: Carranza Ko Ñusta
Published: August 2015

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De México a Cuzco: nostalgia, memoria y usos del pasado en crónicas de tradición indígena
Authors: Añón Valeria
Published: August 2015

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Performance gap analysis case study of a non-domestic building
Authors: Robinson Joanne F. , Foxon Timothy J. , Taylor Peter G.
Published: August 2015

Addressing the energy performance of buildings is key to achieving global emission reduction targets. Buildings account for 30% of total greenhouse gas emissions globally. A barrier to increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is the energy use performance gap. This paper discusses the causes of the performance gap and focuses on the building–user interaction unique to non-domestic buildings. In particular, it analyses the conflicting desires of operators and occupants, which can occur in buildings that operate as part of a larger organisation and result in an increased energy demand. The nDeep framework has been developed, which outlines the relationships between contributory factors of the performance gap in a large organisation. In addition, a mixed methods approach is implemented that combines user response and in-use energy data. The proposed methodology is applied in a case study of a university building, which highlights the conflicts that emerge between meeting user needs and operating a building at maximum energy efficiency. The issue results from the tenant–landlord relationship between departments within the organisation. To resolve this conflict, the role of the organisation is considered and subsequent recommendations are made to reduce the user influence on the energy use performance gap.
The Effect of Enterprise Strategies Employed During the Crisis on the Growth Options of Companies
Authors: Balaton Károly
Published: August 2015

The recent worldwide economic crisis had drastic consequences for the economies of nations around the globe. As we are at the end of the crisis period, the really interesting strategic question is: what will happen after the crisis. We have some, but only limited, research evidence to answer this question properly. Scholars try to obtain answers by studying the consequences of the previous crisis periods. However, the recent crisis was unique in its expansion and rather accelerated spread all over the world.The present paper attempts to analyze this issue from a company-level point of view. We are interested in learning what has happened during the crisis, and what the reactions of companies were to the emerging new economic, technological and social conditions. The author has conducted empirical studies in Hungary and in the Slovak Republic. The empirical background of the paper includes studies of publications of research groups engaged in doing surveys in the field, as well as primary data collections through questionnaire surveys and interviews conducted in Hungary and in Slovakia.
Economic Impact of Credit Guarantee System : Hungarian Case Study
Authors: Thai Binh Dang
Published: August 2015

This paper is a in-depth analysis and impact assessment of the credit guarantee system of Hungary. This study focuses mainly on the practice of Garantiqa Creditguarantee Closed Co. Ltd and evaluates and analyzes the impact of the credit guarantee on Hungarian economy in providing benefits tosmall and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which contributes to the economic development of Hungarythrough providing benefits to the banks. Based on a comparative analysis this study shows a positive impact on the Hungarian economy.
Risk Evaluation of Strategic Indicators
Authors: Fekete István , Ligetvári Éva , Ahmed Vivien
Published: August 2015

Most risk assessment methods can only be used if historical data are available, as they rely on statistical analysis to assess risks. However, such datais usually missing or imperfect. Of course, the probability of occurrence and impact of these risks should always be assessed (estimated) in a reliable manner. The method presented in the paper has been used in more than 50 different applications up to now. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the risks affecting the target values of different strategic indicators can be assessed using the developed method.
Is Your Boss Really Smarter Than You Are? The Influence of the Length of Employment and the Level of Hierarchy on Employee Knowledge about Risk Management
Authors: Schwandt Michael
Published: August 2015

This research paper deals with knowledge about risk management; in particular, it examines employee knowledge about handling risks in the construction sector. A survey was conducted among personnel working in the construction business; research methodology is based on a standardised questionnaire. Respondents from all levels of hierarchy and with different lengths of employment are compared in order to find out the influence of these factors on know-how and skills. In the second step data was analysed with statistical methods, such as standard deviation or correlation of different variables. As a main result with regard to the length of service, two groups of employees can be distinguished: Employees with less and employees with more than two years in a company. Two years of service form a kind of threshold, up to which the knowledge increases markedly, while after that it only grows at a slower pace. In terms of the level of hierarchy an almost linear trend was observed, confirming that there is a strong relationship between position within the company and knowledge about risk management: The higher the level of hierarchy, the greater the knowledge of the employees.
Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) electronic Informed Consent Form (eICF) is compliant and feasible in a clinical research setting
Authors: Frelich Matthew J. , Bosler Matthew E. , Gould Jon C.
Published: August 2015

Background: Electronic consent for research has shown success in clinical trial models, but has not been rigorously evaluated as an alternative to conventional paper consent.  We sought to design a 21 CFR Part 11 compliant iPad-based electronic Informed Consent Form (eICF) with Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). As a secondary aim, we sought to compare subject workload between eICF and paper consent groups.

Methods: This is a prospective, randomized study of subjects who completed an iPad-based eICF versus paper consent for research. The eICF was designed with REDCap and presented on an iPad. Subject workload was measured with the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and subjective feedback in regards to consent process was collected.

Results: A total of 116 subjects were screened for consent. Of which, 51 (44%) subjects provided informed consent and completed all study related procedures. Twenty-five (49%) eICF and 26 (51%) paper consents were completed.  The eICF group rated a significantly greater preference to use the eICF for future research studies (6.4±1.5) compared to the paper consent group (5.0±1.9), p<0.01. There were no significant differences in NASA-TLX Weighted Scale or Total-TLX Scores between groups. One error resulted in the eICF group due to an inadvertent submission by a single subject.

Conclusion: In summary, we have demonstrated that an iPad-based eICF designed with REDCap is both 21 CFR Part 11 compliant and feasible in the clinical research setting.  The eICF does not appear to be more technically difficult or demanding than conventional paper consent.