bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quelle norme de prononciation au Québec ? Attitudes, représentations et perceptions
Authors: Chalier Marc
Published: January 2018

Dans cet article, nous présentons une étude de perception sur la question de la norme de prononciation québécoise. L’étude remet en question l’hypothèse traditionnelle autour de la norme de prononciation du français postulant qu’au contraire des autres langues de grande extension le français n’aurait qu’un seul centre normatif (Paris). Cette problématique est abordée dans le cadre théorique de la linguistique perceptive des variétés et sur la base d’une enquête empirique sur les représentations et attitudes (perceptives) de 101 locuteurs québécois et montréalais par rapport à quatre stimuli représentant des locuteurs-modèles du Québec, de la Suisse romande et de Paris. Les résultats indiquent qu’actuellement, en plus de la prononciation parisienne, une prononciation régionale québécoise faiblement marquée bénéficierait non plus seulement d’un prestige latent , mais également d’un prestige manifeste , des résultats impliquant une redéfinition nécessaire du concept de norme de référence , qui ne se veut non plus de nature monocentrique, mais bien pluricentrique.
La twitt-politique : l’élection présidentielle française de 2017 sur les réseaux socionumériques
Authors: Eyriès Alexandre
Published: January 2018

Afin d’examiner l’impact des outils numériques sur la communication politique en France lors de la campagne présidentielle de 2017, cet article présente une étude comparative des stratégies numériques de François Fillon et de Jean-Luc Mélenchon et une analyse de la communication numérique du candidat devenu président de la République, Emmanuel Macron.
Un guide critique des fake news : de la comédie à la tragédie
Authors: Harsin Jayson , Richet Isabelle
Published: January 2018

Cet article est un guide critique (et non seulement descriptif) des fake news . Il retrace l’historique du terme, tout d’abord dans les émissions satiriques américaines, puis sa transformation en un des éléments de la « post-vérité ». Les fakes news sont fabriquées (sans le moindre humour) comme des armes stratégiques de tromperie (y compris dans le domaine géopolitique). Le phénomène des fake news a des implications extrêmement dangereuses pour la démocratie contemporaine.
Niveau de vie et révolution des objets dans la France d’Ancien Régime. Meaux et ses campagnes aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles
Authors: Béaur Gérard
Published: January 2018

En exploitant le corpus des inventaires après décès réuni par Micheline Baulant pour la région de Meaux aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles, l’évolution du niveau de vie des populations de la ville et de sa campagne a pu être mesurée. Elle témoigne d’une stagnation au cours du XVII e siècle et d’une forte progression pendant le siècle suivant, ce qui permet de confirmer la réalité d’une « révolution des objets » ou d’une consumer revolution en milieu rural dans la France du XVIII e siècle. Mais ce changement ne semble guère coïncider avec une « révolution industrieuse », c’est-à-dire une intensification du travail qui résulterait d’une nouvelle fièvre de la consommation. Ni le contexte démographique, ni la présence d’une proto-industrialisation opportune ne permettent en effet de valider cette théorie. La distribution sociale des principaux bénéficiaires de cette embellie la contredit nettement : les bourgeois sont les grands gagnants mais pas les laboureurs, pourtant en voie d’enrichissement rapide. Il faut sans doute chercher ailleurs que dans une intensification du travail les raisons de la hausse du niveau de vie : conjoncture économique favorable après les catastrophes et les guerres qui l’ont précédée ; offre de produits nouveaux apportés par le renouveau du commerce qui vient stimuler la demande. La rupture franche qui se produit très précisément autour de 1715 milite en ce sens et semble confirmer cette double hypothèse.
Beaucoup de bruit pour rien ? Retour sur la lecture faite par Timothy Snyder des violences de masse nazie et stalinienne
Authors: Solchany Jean
Published: January 2018

Depuis la publication de Terres de sang en 2012 et de Terre noire en 2016, l’historien américain Timothy Snyder est crédité d’avoir renouvelé en profondeur la compréhension des crimes nazis et staliniens ; il est devenu un intellectuel global que s’arrachent les médias du monde entier. Cet article propose une mise en perspective critique de ses analyses, qui ont suscité les réactions les plus contradictoires dans la communauté historienne. Il montre que le paradigme des terres de sang n’est pas porteur d’un décentrement spatial fécond, mais induit au contraire une relecture datée et simplificatrice des histoires nazie et soviétique, vues au prisme d’un comparatisme niveleur et d’un interactionnisme hypothétique. Il souligne la faible portée heuristique de la thèse de la destruction de l’État, érigée en méta-explication de l’extermination des juifs d’Europe. Il interroge la pertinence des leçons que Timothy Snyder, adoptant la posture de l’intellectuel-prophète, tire de la Shoah.
Team Development Measure in Interprofessional Graduate Education: A Pilot Study
Authors: Beebe Lora Humphrey , Roman Marian , Skolits Gary , Raynor Hollie , Thompson Dixie , Franks Andrea
Published: January 2018

A faculty team developed the 4-week Recovery-Based Interprofessional Distance Education (RIDE) rotation for graduate students in their disciplines. The evaluation team identified the Team Development Measure (TDM) as a potential alternative to reflect team development during the RIDE rotation. The TDM, completed anonymously online, was piloted on the second student cohort (
N
= 18) to complete the RIDE rotation. The overall pretest mean was 60.73 points (
SD
= 11.85) of a possible 100 points, indicating that students anticipated their RIDE team would function at a moderately high level during the 4-week rotation. The overall posttest mean, indicating student perceptions of actual team functioning, was 72.71 points (
SD
= 23.31), an average increase of 11.98 points. Although not statistically significant, Cohen's effect size (
d
= 0.43) indicates an observed difference of large magnitude. No other published work has used the TDM as a pre-/posttest measure of team development. The authors believe the TDM has several advantages as a measure of student response to interprofessional education offerings, particularly in graduate students with prior experience on health care teams. Further work is needed to validate and extend the findings of this pilot study. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(4), 18–22.]
Educational intervention on knowledge of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear test among market women in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Gana Godwin Jiya , Oche Mansur O. , Ango Jessica Timane , Kaoje Aminu Umar , Awosan Kehinde Joseph , Raji Ismail A.
Published: January 2018

Cervical cancer is the most common female genital tract carcinoma worldwide. It is increasingly becoming the leading carcinoma seen among women in the developing world. The aim of our study was to showcase the effect of educational intervention on the knowledge of cervical cancer and subsequently the uptake of Pap smear test amongst market women in Niger state, Nigeria. The state has a rich network of markets in all the local government areas because of the fishing activities, bountiful agricultural produce yearly and its situation to the North of the national capital, Abuja. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in two groups with pre and post intervention data collection. Sample size was determined based on a previous similar study done in Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used for recruiting the study participants. SPSS statistical software was used for data entry, editing and analysis. Respondents’ knowledge of cervical cancer were comparable at pre-intervention but were statistically significantly better (P<0.0001) at post-intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group for every variable measured. However, there was only a (Fisher’s exact, P=0.621) compared to the control group. This study showed an increase in knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear test however the uptake of Pap smear test remained low even after intervention. This underscores the need for sustained intervention programs to eventually translate knowledge acquired to habitual practice.
Stable sulfur isotope measurements to trace the fate of SO2 in the Athabasca oil sands region
Authors: Amiri Neda , Norman Ann-Lise , Ghahreman Roya , Rempillo Ofelia , Osthoff Hans D. , Odame-Ankrah Charles A. , Tokarek Travis
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The concentration and sulfur isotopic composition of SO2 and size-segregated sulfate aerosols were determined for Air Monitoring Station 13 (AMS13) at Fort MacKay in the Athabasca oil sands region, northeastern Alberta, Canada as part of the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring (JOSM) campaign from Aug 13 to Sep 5, 2013. Sulfate aerosols were collected on filters by a high volume sampler, with 12 or 24 hour time intervals. Significant positive correlations between SO2 to sulfate conversion ratio (F(s)) and the concentration of α-pinene (r = 0.85), β-pinene (r = 0.87), and limonene (r = 0.82) during daytime and with other alkenes and aromatics (tetrachloroethene (r = 0.69), 1-methyl-4benzene (r = 0.71) and Ethenylbenzene (r = 0.66)) indicate that SO2 oxidation by Criegee intermediates can be a potential oxidation pathway in highly polluted regions. Enriched 34S sulfur, largely as SO2, was emitted by a nearby Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) and affected isotope samples for a portion of the sampling period. When it was realized this could be a useful tracer, samples collected were broken into two sets. The first set includes periods when the CIMS was not running (CIMS-OFF) and no enriched 34S sulfur was emitted. The second set is for periods when the CIMS was running when sampling (CIMS-ON) and 34S sulfur values expected to affect SO2 and sulfate samples. δ34S values for sulfate aerosols with D > 0.49 μm during CIMS-OFF periods (no tracer 34SO2 present) indicating the sulfur isotope characteristics of sulfate in the region, were isotopically lighter (down to −4.5 ‰) than what was expected according to potential sulfur sources in the Athabasca oil sands region (+3.9 ‰ to +11.5 ‰). For sulfate aerosols with D
High Summertime Aerosol Organic Functional Group Concentrations from Marine and Seabird Sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE
Authors: Liu Jun , Dedrick Jeramy , Russell Lynn M. , Senum Gunnar I. , Uin Janek , Kuang Chongai , Springston Stephen R. , Leaitch W. Richard , Aiken Allison C. , Lubin Dan
Published: January 2018

Abstract. From November 2015 to December 2016, the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) measured submicron aerosol properties near McMurdo Station at the southern tip of the Ross Island. Submicron organic mass (OM), particle number, and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were higher in summer than other seasons. The measurements included a range of compositions and concentrations that likely reflected both local anthropogenic emissions and natural background sources. We isolated the natural organic components by separating a natural factor and a local combustion factor. The natural OM was 150 times higher in summer than in winter. The local anthropogenic emissions were not hygroscopic and had little contribution to the CCN concentrations. Natural sources that included marine sea spray and seabird emissions contributed 56 % of OM in the austral summer but only 3 % in the austral winter. The natural OM had high hydroxyl group fraction (55 %), 6 % alkane, and 6 % amine group mass, consistent with marine organic composition. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the natural sources of organic aerosol were characterized by amide group absorption, which may be from seabird populations. Carboxylic acid group contributions from natural sources were correlated to incoming solar radiation, indicating that some OM formed by secondary pathways.
Long-range transported bioaerosols captured in snow cover on Mount Tateyama, Japan: Impacts of Asian-dust events on airborne bacterial dynamics relating to ice-nucleation activities
Authors: Maki Teruya , Furumoto Shogo , Asahi Yuya , Lee Kevin C. , Watanabe Koichi , Aoki Kazuma , Murakami Masataka , Tajir Takuya , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Mashio Asami , Iwasaka Yasunobu
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The westerly wind travelling at high altitudes over East Asia transports aerosols from the Asian deserts and urban areas to downwind areas such as Japan. These long-range transported aerosols include not only mineral particles, but also microbial particles (bioaerosols), that impact the ice-cloud formation processes as ice nuclei. However, the the detailed relations of airborne bacterial dynamics to ice nucleation in high-elevation aerosols have not been investigated. Here, we used the aerosol particles captured in the snow cover at the altitudes of 2450 m on Mt. Tateyama to investigate the sequential changes of ice-nucleation activities and bacterial communities in aerosols and elucidate the relationships between the two processes. After stratification of the snow layers formed on the walls of a snow pit on Mt. Tateyama, snow samples, including aerosol particles, were collected from 70 layers at the lower (winter accumulation) and upper (spring accumulation) parts of the snow wall. The aerosols recorded in the lower parts mainly came from Siberia (Russia), North Asia, and the Sea of Japan, while those in the upper parts showed an increase the Asian-dust particles, which originate from the desert regions and industrial coasts of Asian. The snow samples exhibited high levels of ice nucleation corresponding to the increase of Asian dust particles. Amplicon sequencing analysis using 16S rRNA genes revealed that the bacterial communities in the snow samples predominately included plant associated and marine bacteria (phyla Proteobacteria) during winter; whereas, during spring, when dust events arrived frequently, the majority were terrestrial bacteria of phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The relative abundances of Firmicutes (Bacilli) showed a significant positive relationship to the ice nucleation in snow samples. Presumably, Asian dust events change the airborne bacterial communities over Mt. Tateyama and carry terrestrial bacterial populations, which possibly induce ice-nucleation activities, thereby indirectly effecting on climate changes.
Winter mixing, mesoscale eddies and eastern boundary current: Engines for biogeochemical variability of the central Red Sea during winter/early spring period
Authors: Zarokanellos Nikolaos D. , Jones Burton H.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The central Red Sea (CRS) has been shown to be characterized by significant eddy activity throughout the year. Weakened stratification in winter may lead to enhanced vertical exchange contributing to physical and biogeochemical processes. In the winter of 2014–2015, we began an extended glider time series to monitor the CRS where eddy activity is significant. Remote sensing and glider observations that include temperature, salinity, oxygen, carbon dissolved organic matter (CDOM), chlorophyll fluorescence (CHL) and multi-wavelength optical backscatter have been used to characterize the effects of winter mixing, eddy activity and lateral advection. During winter and early spring, mixing up to 90m driven by surface cooling and strong winds combined with eddy features was insufficient to penetrate the nutricline and supply nutrients into the upper layer. However, the mixing events did disperse the phytoplankton from the deep chlorophyll maximum throughout the upper mixed layer (ML) increasing the chlorophyll signature detected by ocean colour imagery. In early spring, the eastern boundary current (EBC) is evident in CRS. The EBC brings relative high concentrations of CHL and CDOM along with lower oxygen concentrations indicative of previous nutrient availability. In addition to the vertical mixing, mesoscale eddy activity cause 160 m vertical displacement of the 180 µM isopleth of oxygen, proxy of the nutricline interface. Within the cyclonic feature, this oxygen isopleth shallowed to 60 m, well within the euphotic layer. Remote sensing analyses indicate that these eddies also contribute to significant horizontal dispersion, including the exchange between the open sea and coastal coral reef ecosystems. When the phytoplankton is distributed through the mixed layer clear diel variability was evident in CHL concentration. The biogeochemical responses provide a sensitive indicator of the mixing and eddy processes that may not be detectable via remote sensing. Sustained in situ autonomous observations were essential to understand these processes.
The case for consistent use of medical eponyms by eliminating possessive forms
Authors: Ayesu Kwabena , Nguyen Brenda , Harris Stephanie , Carlan Steve
Published: January 2018

The objective of this commentary is to highlight the pervasive usage of both forms of medical eponyms in medical literature amongst prestigious medical journals indexed in the PubMed database. This use of eponyms poses a source of confusion in literature searching as well as a lack of consistency in medical education. The adoption of consistent non-possessive forms should be encouraged by editors, reviewers, and publishers.
Correction to “Trend Analysis of Journal Metrics: A New Academic Library Service?” on 105(3) July, page 242. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.98
Authors: Akers Katherine G.
Published: January 2018

Corrects Figure 3 of “Trend Analysis of Journal Metrics: A New Academic Library Service?” on 105(3) July, page 242. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.98.
Esfera pública y música: claves introductorias
Authors: Hernández Mateos Alberto
Published: January 2018

Esfera pública y música: claves introductorias
Utilização de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico para identificação de fissuras palatinas: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Fernandes Aline De Freitas , Cardoso Cláudia Assunção e Alves , Greco Alexandre Camisassa Diniz L. , Greco Gustavo Diniz , Manzi Flávio Ricardo
Published: January 2018

A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (Cone Beam) vem favorecendo o diagnóstico por imagem em diversas especialidades odontológicas. Porém, devemos saber exatamente quais são as suas indicações e vantagens frente aos exames radiográficos convencionais. Os pacientes com fissuras palatinas necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica de acordo com o tipo e grau de sua fenda palatina para reabilitação estética e funcional. Paciente I. L. S. S., sexo feminino, 14 anos de idade, foi submetida a alguns exames radiográficos e tomográficos para dar continuidade ao seu tratamento cirúrgico-reabilitador associado a sua fissura palatina. Em todos os exames realizados foi possível identificar e avaliar tal anomalia, mas foi por meio da tomografia computadorizada cone beam e suas reconstruções tridmensionais que foi possível observar toda extensão e profundidade das fendas, garantindo a realização de um planejamento cirúrgico de enxerto ósseo, com critérios bem estabelecidos.
Relato de experiência da equipe odontológica em atenção domiciliar em um hospital-escola na cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil
Authors: Zambiasi Marini Morgana , Arrieira Isabel , Jacotec Cleusa
Published: January 2018

Introdução: Os Cuidados Paliativos podem ser desenvolvidos em ambiente ambulatorial, hospitalar e no próprio domicílio do paciente. No Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas UFPel/ EBSERH está implantado desde 2005 o Programa de Internação Domiciliar Interdisciplinar (PIDI) oncológico. No ano de 2010 houve a implantação da Equipe Odontológica nesse atendimento com o objetivo de prestar aos usuários portadores de câncer um cuidado integral e mais efetivo durante o enfrentamento da doença. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência das atuações, atividades e procedimentos realizados pela equipe Odontológica frente ao trabalho multidisciplinar no Programa de Internação Domiciliar Interdisciplinar Oncológico. Metodologia: Atualmente o PIDI oncológico é constituído de duas equipes multidisciplinares que abrangem o atendimento de cerca de 20 pacientes em cuidados paliativos. O atendimento m

Palavras-chave: cuidados paliativos, assistência domiciliar, odontólogos.
Using Facebook in Higher Education: Exploring Effects on Social Climate, Achievements, and Satisfaction
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Belichenko Margarita
Published: January 2018

During recent years there has been a significant increase in the usage of technological tools in general, and in academic teaching in particular. Many programs have been developed, including online teaching and online courses at educational institutions. In this paper, we discuss the Facebook social network and its use at the University. The research shows that Facebook groups are used to facilitate communication between students, to foster a positive social climate, to create dialogue and to share learning material among group members. The paper examines students’ achievements and their satisfaction with the impact of the Facebook group on the academic course, in order to examine whether the use of Facebook groups in academic courses can improve course quality and students’ achievements.
Effectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Nour El-Deen Ahmed Hammad , El-Deeb Bahig Ahmed
Published: January 2018

Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is the most economically important plant parasitic nematode species that cause serious damage to most agricultural crops including tomato worldwide. Nematicides do not provide long-term suppression of root-knot nematodes, and environmental and human health concerns are resulting in increased restrictions on their use. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM as a potential nematicide on M. incognita infecting tomato. AgNP was biologically and chemically synthesized by a reaction of silver nitrate with ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes aqueous extract and sodium borohydride, respectively. Results indicated that application of AgNPs improved plant growth and reduced nematode infection in comparison to silver nitrate and control treatments. The highest increment of fresh weight as well as the lowest numbers of galls and egg-masses was obtained when tomato plants was treated with AgNP produced by ginger extract at 1 mM.
Breeding Progress for Grain Yield and Yield Related Characters of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Ethiopia Using Regression Analysis
Authors: Tadesse Megersa , Funga Assefa , Fikre Asnake , Degefu Tulu , Eshete Million , Korbu Lijalem , Girma Nigussie , Bekele Dagnachew , Mohamed Ridwan , Bishaw Zewdie , Gaur Pooran , Ojiewo Chris O.
Published: January 2018

The genetic progress in seed yield and yield related characters of 10 kabuli chickpea varieties released by the Ethiopian Chickpea Crop Improvement Program from 1974 to 2017 was assessed during the main cropping season. The varieties were evaluated in the Randomized Complete Block design at Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center experimental research farm. The overall increase in seed yield over the local check, DZ-10-4, was estimated to be 739 kg/ha (38.9%). On station grain yield increased from 1900 to 3250 kg/ha during the last 43 years and the overall increase in seed yield of the Arerti variety over the oldest variety DZ-10-4 was estimated to be 1350 kg/ha or 71.1%. Based on the regression analysis, the estimated average annual rate of increase in grain yield potential was 10.87kg/ha/year with an annual relative genetic change of 0.57%/year. Genotypic change was an important source for increased grain yield potential during the studied period. Positive genetic gains were observed for the yield traits (grain yield and yield components). The average cumulative gains over 43 years of breeding was, therefore, 445.67 kg (23.37%) for seed yield, and 30.26 g for hundred seeds weight (297.7%). Hundred seed weight revealed the most dramatic response to breeding for the last 43 years. It is, therefore, strategically advisable that breeding efforts in the future should give due attention to yield related traits of kabuli chickpea varieties.
Evaluation of Substrates for Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) Seedlings Production
Authors: Silva Ana Veruska Cruz da , Soares Adrielle Naiana Ribeiro , Cardoso Milena Nascimento , Melo Marília Freitas de Vasconcelos , Muniz Evandro Neves , Ledo Ana Da Silva
Published: January 2018

Jenipapo (Genipa americana L. Rubiaceae) is a native species not endemic to Brazil and found in several biomes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the emergence and growth of seedlings cultivated in different substrates. Treatments were made of: T1 (fertilized soil), T2 (fertilized soil + coconut fiber), T3 (fertilized soil + sand), T4 (sand + coconut fiber), T5 (bovine manure + coconut fiber), and T6 (bovine manure + sand). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design, with six treatments (substrates) and four replications of 25 seeds. The following variables were evaluated: first emergence count, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, seedling height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The substrates T1 (fertilized soil), T2 (fertilized soil + coconut fiber), T3 (fertilized soil + sand) and T6 (bovine manure + sand) were more efficient for jenipapo seedlings production.
Evaluating Mustard Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Boydston Rick A. , Vaughn Steven F. , Webber III Charles L. , Chaves-Cordoba Bernardo
Published: January 2018

Mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba controls weeds for several weeks following application to soil, but also has potential to injure the planted crop. Producers of certified organic potatoes typically utilize a combination of cover crops, soil hilling, harrowing, and cultivation for weed control. Once the potato canopy nears row closure, most late emerging weeds are suppressed by the dense potato canopy. MSM may have value for early season weed suppression in potato, but has not been previously tested. Our objectives were to determine the weed control efficacy and potato tolerance to MSM. We evaluated response of potatoes and weeds to MSM applied at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.5 MT ha-1 applied in a band on the potato hill just after a shallow harrowing and prior to potato emergence as part of an integrated weed management program in potatoes. MSM applied at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1 reduced early season grass and broadleaf weed density 73 to 99% and 54 to 98%, respectively, in potato and reduced late season broadleaf weed biomass 71 to 94% in all three years tested. Early season grass weed density in potato was reduced by MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha-1. Late season grass weed biomass was reduced by the highest rate of 4.5 MT ha-1. MSM at 4.5 MT ha-1 caused minor injury to potato (3 to 15%) at 3 weeks after emergence, but did not reduce total tuber yields or percentage of US No.1 tubers. MSM could be a component of an integrated weed control program in potato.
Identification and Classification of Complex Agricultural Croplands Using Multi-Temporal ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Data: A Case Study in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mirelva Prima Rizky , Nagasawa Ryota
Published: January 2018

The agriculture sector makes a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy and has become one of the sources of national income. Therefore, precise agricultural mapping is very important to national and regional administrations. Satellite remote sensing provides the most effective tool for identifying a wide expanse of agriculture croplands. However, cloud coverage in tropical regions limits the use of optical remote sensing. SAR is an active remote sensing technique, which offers completely cloud-free observation data. The multi-temporal ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data were used in this study, complemented by optical multi-temporal remote sensing data, that is, Landsat 8 OLI for classifying complex agricultural croplands. The study area, located in the Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, with 112 km2 coverage, was selected because of its dynamic cropping pattern and complex agricultural land use types. In this study, the RGB composite of HH, HV and HV-HH, derived from ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 polarizations, was found to be effective at separating two types of paddy field cropping pattern: all-year paddy (paddy-I) and paddy upland fields (paddy-II). The multi-temporal Landsat 8 data were also found to be useful for observing the cropping pattern. Moreover, the classification accuracy, which was as high as 85.02% in terms of overall accuracy, with a kappa coefficient of 0.824, from multi-temporal ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data, was obtained. These results show that multi-temporal ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data are capable of discriminating between two different paddy field cropping types, as well as beneficial for discriminating between the cropping stage and cropping pattern information for several other land uses.
Corporal punishment by parents and child-to-parent aggression in Spanish adolescents
Authors: Del Hoyo-Bilbao Joana , Gámez-Guadix Manuel , Calvete Esther
Published: January 2018

Child-to-parent aggression (CPA) is a social problem that is receiving much attention because of the increasing frequency and the consequences for its victims. The primary aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal relationship between receiving corporal punishment (CP) and perpetrating physical and psychological CPA in adolescents. The second aim was to investigate whether receiving CP in a positive parenting context, age and gender of the adolescent, moderated the relationship between CP and CPA. A total of 896 adolescents (527 girls) between the ages of 13 and 19 (M = 14.88; SD = 1.021), completed measures of CPA, CP and positive parenting at Time 1 and six months later. The results showed that CP at Time 1 predicted an increased psychological CPA at Time 2. None of the variables (positive parenting, age and gender) moderated the relationship between CP at T1 and CPA at T2. 
Análisis de imagen corporal y obesidad mediante las siluetas de Stunkard en niños y adolescentes españoles de 3 a 18 años
Authors: López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe , Díaz Suárez Arturo , Smith Lee
Published: January 2018

This paper is focused on the study of body image and excess weight and obesity in Spanish children and adolescents. This investigation involved 1082 children and adolescents (541 males and 541 females) from the Region of Murcia, aged between 3 and 18 years. The instrument used was Stunkard’s silhouettes. 34% of men and 17.9% of women were classified as overweight/obese (  = 26.936; p=0.000; d=0.65). Regarding body image, 61.2% were dissatisfied with their body, highlighting those who would like to be thinner (men 44.7% and women 46%). Therefore, the psychological problem of body dissatisfaction had a higher prevalence than the physiological problem of obesity. It is recommended to implement physical activity programs to improve body image and body composition of children and adolescents in the Region of Murcia.
TASTE AND OTHER SENSES: RECONSIDERING THE FOUNDATIONS OF AESTHETICS
Authors: Korsmeyer Carolyn
Published: January 2018

The sense of taste has served as a governing metaphor for aesthetic discernment for several centuries, and recent philosophical perspectives on this history have invited literal, gustatory taste into aesthetic relevance. This paper summarizes the disposition of taste in aesthetics by means of three stories, the most recent of which considers food in terms of aesthetics and its employment in works of art. I conclude with some reflections on the odd position that taste has achieved in the postmodern art world, and I make a case for the often unnoticed role that bodily senses have in the apprehension of art.
Effect of dredging activities on the health status of Posidonia oceanica meadows along the north Latium coast (Tyrrhenian Sea)
Authors: Gnisci Valentina , Bonamano Simone , Micheli Carla , Cognetti de Martiis Selvaggia , Piermattei Viviana , Marcelli Marco
Published: January 2018

Coastal areas are characterized by several disturbances due to the presence of numerous anthropic activities that may alter the health status and ecological functioning of Posidonia oceanica meadows. The reduction of seawater transparency and the increase of sedimentation rate are among the main causes of their regression. This work is focused on the northern Latium coast (Central Tyrrhenian Sea), from Marina di Tarquinia to Santa Severa. Over time, alteration of river run-off (change in land use, captation along rivers, etc.) and dredging activities carried out within the Civitavecchia harbour, have led to the dispersion of a large amount of fine materials in the marine environment. In this area, four Sites of Community Importance were identified according to the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), due to the presence of P. oceanica beds. Meadows are fragmented and discontinuous also because the high geomorphological heterogeneity. The aim of this work has been to evaluate the effects of the reduction of seawater transparency and the alteration of sedimentation rate on the meadows due to dredging activities. The evaluation of meadows health status from 2002 to 2013 was performed by structural (shoot density and coverage) and functional (leaf biometry) standard descriptors analysis. In the same period, the water transparency and the sedimentation rate have been analysed using numerical models able to distinguish between river and dredging contributions. The simulations of dredged sediments transport have highlighted as the plume is transported mainly to the north, with high concentration values near the shoreline; for this reason the evaluations of shoot density of P. oceanica meadows located near the harbour and far from the coast have not shown a decrease over the years. In the meadow further north, where the concentration of dredged suspended materials is decreasing, the reduction in shoot number is mainly due to the sediment plumes of the Marta and Mignone rivers.
A new methodology for monitoring P. oceanica meadows in Tavolara Punta Coda Cavallo MPA using GIS
Authors: Panzalis Pieraugusto , Deiana Andrea , Caronni Sarah , Navone Augusto
Published: January 2018

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are acknowledged globally as effective tools for the protection and management of the marine environment; however, to get effective results it is necessary to set up a proper and continuous mapping of the marine territory, in order to gain detailed knowledge of its different aspects. Therefore, the implementation and maintenance of a modern GIS (Geographic Information System) has become an indispensable task for the MPA of Tavolara - Punta Coda Cavallo to collect, aggregate, classify, and track the conducted mapping activities.

Between 2011 and 2012 the sea bottom of the MPA was surveyed using different methods: by means of a multi-beam echo sounder and of a side scan sonar, as well as conducting fast scientific scuba divings with re-breathers and underwater position system technologies. High resolution geodatasets, characterized by a significantly high quality in representing and describing the sea bottom and its habitats, were produced in both feature (scale up to 1:1.250) and raster formats (up to 30cm/pixel for sonar images and 1m/pixel for bathymetry) and they currently constitute the basis of the MPA's GIS, including its 3D applications and its web map services for desktop and mobile devices (iPhone & Android).

To update the above described geodatasets during time, acquiring new data on the conservation targets considered in monitoring activities, among which the status of P. oceanica meadows is of the most important ones, a long term mapping plan was realized on the basis of an innovative methodology elaborated by the MPA considering both the wideness of the area and the limited funds available at present. The whole MPA was divided in territorial units by means of a regular grid of square cells having a 100m side with the logic of starting the mapping activities from the mainly important areas and then to spread the surveys up to fill the whole mosaic. All the new data acquired with this methodology could then be mixed, compared and indexed within the same cell and/or in the many already available geodatases, starting from those dated 2006 having a regular grid with square cells of 500m per side.
Invasion of an invader: a case study from the Suez Channel
Authors: Geneid Yasser , El Shaffai Amgad
Published: January 2018

After the year 1869, a major change in the Mediterranean marine ecosystem occurred. A pathway called Suez Canal was created allowing the passage of alien invasive species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, which is currently harboring over 900 introduced marine species. About 54% of these established non-native species reached through the Suez Canal. Whilst most of the studies dealing with marine invasive species focused on the Mediterranean, very few were done in the Suez Canal itself. The goal of this study is to review the distribution and current status of two invasive marine plants in the Suez Canal, specifically the Bitter Lakes area. This area was selected because of its special environmental conditions and its importance as a major fishing ground in the entire canal. Visual observations of the marine vegetation in the study sites were carried out starting year 2001. Halophila stipulacea , a tropical seagrass distributed along the coasts of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, has migrated and is widely found around the Mediterranean. It was recorded in the Suez Canal by the Cambridge Expedition in 1924 and is known to occur in the shallow sandy-muddy bottom areas along its western coast. Since 2000, different studies along the Bitter Lakes have shown total disappearance of seagrass meadows caused by another invader that have replaced the seagrass plants and reached a percentage cover of nearly 100% in some of the studied sites. A new intruder was the green seaweed Caulerpa prolifera, a Mediterranean algal species that was recorded in the Gulf of Suez in 1984, among few species migrated from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. It has rapidly colonized different locations in the Suez Canal replacing H. stipulacea meadows. However, in 2004, a dramatic change took place in the study area where C. prolifera began diminishing allowing the previously found H. stipulacea to inhabit the seafloor. While salinity reduction from hypersaline conditions – due to growing of coastal communities along the Bitter Lakes with more fresh water discharge – may cause the expansion of C. prolifera in the study area, the reasons why it declined and disappeared are still unclear.
Monitoring of marine phanerogams’ habitats and assessment of areas exposed to anchoring in the International Marine Park of Bonifacio (Sardinia Area)
Authors: Cossu Andrea , De Luca Mario , Donno Yuri
Published: January 2018

The International Marine Park of the Strait of Bonifacio and the National Park of La Maddalena have started a series of investigations in the marine areas under their jurisdiction. Through the European project, GECT (European Group of Territorial Cooperation), studies have been carried out to define the type, the structural characteristics of the Posidonia oceanica seagrass and to evaluate the impact of dropping anchors. The study, carried out by a team of experts from the institutions named above, used shared methodologies in relation to the same type of challenges and problems. The study areas on the Sardinian side were Passo Asinelli pass, Porto della Madonna harbor and Cala Portese cove. For each site two stations were identified, a monitoring and a control one. The type of meadow, its morphological and structural characteristics (matte, rocks, degree of fragmentation, height of matte, etc.) and the possible presence of marks/signs caused by the dropping of anchors were assessed in selected areas. The compactness of the matte, estimated using a penetrometer, the percentage of seabed covered by the plant and density were assessed by direct method by divers. The results for the leaf density show the meadows are in regression; however, there are better conditions in Porto Madonna where the monitoring and control stations show density near to normal values. Particularly low values were measured in Passo Asinelli where, despite prohibitions, the high pressure of tourism generates stress to the plant formation. The leaf standing crop, the leaf area index and measures penetrometric lead to conclusions almost similar indicating best ecological conditions in Porto Madonna, confirming previous results. The indicators used show an ecological status of lesser quality for the sites of both Passo Asinelli and, more visible, of Cala Portese. Porto Madonna, on the other hand, shows values equal to the minimum requirements for a meadow surface.
Responses of petiole sap flow to light and vapor pressure deficit in the tropical tree Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Roddy Adam , Winter Klaus , Dawson Todd
Published: January 2018

Continuous measurements of sap flow have been widely used to estimate water flux through tree stems and branches. However, stem-level measurements lack the resolution necessary for accurately determining fine-scale, leaf-level responses to environmental variables. We used the heat ratio method to measure sap flow rates through leaf petioles and leaflet petiolules of saplings of the tropical tree Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae) to determine how leaf and leaflet sap flow responds to variation in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In the morning sap flow rates to east-facing leaves increased 26 minutes before adjacent west-facing leaves. Integrated daily sap flow was negatively correlated with daily mean VPD, and sap flow declined when VPD exceeded 2.2 kPa whether this occurred in the morning or afternoon, consistent with a feedforward response to humidity. Indeed, changes in VPD lagged behind changes in sap flow. In contrast, changes in PAR often preceded changes in sap flow. The sap flow-VPD relationship was characterized by two distinct patterns of hysteresis, while the sap flow-PAR relationship displayed three types of hysteresis, and the type of VPD hysteresis that occurred on a given day was correlated with the type of PAR hysteresis occurring on that day. These patterns highlight how multiple environmental drivers interact to control leaf sap flux and that the development of sap flow sensors capable of measuring individual leaves could drastically influence the amount of data recordable for these structures.
Myoclonus-like involuntary movements under subarachnoid block completely subsided after midazolam administration in a patient undergoing cesarean section: a case report
Authors: Hirota Kiichi
Published: January 2018

Involuntary movement during and after neuraxial anesthesia, such as spinal and epidural anesthesia, is rarely observed. In this report, we describe a case of myoclonus-like involuntary movement of the upper extremities in a patient undergoing a planned repeat cesarean section under spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine that completely subsided after 2mg midazolam administration. The myoclonus-like movement never recurred or caused any apparent neurological side effects. No abnormal sensation or spontaneous pain of the upper extremities was observed. The patient was discharged on foot on post-operative day 3.
PANDA: pathway and annotation explorer for visualizing and interpreting gene-centric data
Authors: Hart Steven N , Moore Raymond M , Zimmermann Michael T , Oliver Gavin R , Egan Jan B , Bryce Alan H , Kocher Jean-Pierre A
Published: January 2018

Objective: Bringing together genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and other –omics technologies is an important step towards developing highly personalized medicine. However, instrumentation has advances far beyond expectations and now we are able to generate data faster than it can be interpreted. Materials and Methods: We have developed PANDA ( P athway AND A nnotation) Explorer, a visualization tool that integrates gene-level annotation in the context of biological pathways to help interpret complex data from disparate sources. PANDA is a web-based application that displays data in the context of well-studied pathways like KEGG, BioCarta, and PharmGKB. PANDA represents data/annotations as icons in the graph while maintaining the other data elements (i.e. other columns for the table of annotations). Custom pathways from underrepresented diseases can be imported when existing data sources are inadequate. PANDA also allows sharing annotations among collaborators. Results : In our first use case, we show how easy it is to view supplemental data from a manuscript in the context of a user’s own data. Another use-case is provided describing how PANDA was leveraged to design a treatment strategy from the somatic variants found in the tumor of a patient with metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion : PANDA facilitates the interpretation of gene-centric annotations by visually integrating this information with context of biological pathways. The application can be downloaded or used directly from our website http://bioinformaticstools.mayo.edu/research/panda-viewer/.
Real world in cancer? Epistemology of the origin of cancer: new paradigm for the majority of cancers
Authors: Brücher Björn LDM , Jamall Ijaz S
Published: January 2018

Background: The somatic mutation theory as the origin of cancer (carcinogenesis) was born some 100 years ago, when Theodor Boveri 1914 suggested that a combination of chromosomal defects may result in cancer. This was followed by Karl-Heinrich Bauer in 1928 suggesting that mutations could cause cancer. Subsequently, in 1953 Carl Nordling proposed that a number of mutated genes could cause cancer. Alfred Knudson in 1971 proposed that one hit (one mutation) would result in a clone of cancerous cells. This was modified to a 2-hit-theory later and it seems that cancer biology has continued to try to bolster the somatic mutation theory by recently suggesting that ‘driver’ and ‘passenger’ mutations were necessary and when this proved insufficient, others proposed the hyper-mutation theory in 2014. In the attempt to clothe the Emperor, it was forgotten that mutations found in advanced cancers are either late events or epiphenomena that occur after carcinogenesis (cancer development) and especially after the appearance of a pre-cancerous niche. Reality: Fewer than 10% of cancers are proven to be hereditary (i.e., causally related to germline mutations) and this ratio is even lower in cancers of the stomach (<1%), the colorectum (3-8%) and breast (8%). Infection-triggered cancers constitute some 15% of all cancers and the remaining about some 80% cancers are sporadic, meaning their cause is unknown. New cancer paradigm: Findings from the plant and animal kingdoms, molecular and clinical data over the last 250 years were critically reviewed and gave rise to a new cancer hypothesis containing a multi-step process of 6 sequences. These include, (1) a pathogenic biological or chemical stimulus is followed by (2) chronic inflammation, from which develops (3) fibrosis with associated changes in the cellular microenvironment. These remodeling changes result in a (4) pre-cancerous niche, which triggers the deployment of (5) a chronic stress escape strategy, and when this fails to resolve, (6) a transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell occurs. Consequences: This recently proposed cancer model explains the origins of the vast majority of cancers which are until now were referred to as ‘sporadic’ cancers. Furthermore, this theory points out the need to establish preventive measures long before a cancer becomes clinically apparent. The epistemology of the origin of cancer is reviewed and presented.