bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of ‘dark nudges’ on drinking intentions: A between groups, randomized and online experimental study
Authors: Lewin Joel , Field Matt , Davies Emma
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study explored how ‘dark nudges’ (tactics used in alcohol industry‐funded responsible drinking campaigns) affect drinking intentions, perceived source credibility and whether individual differences in perceptions of prototypical drinkers moderated these effects.

Design

Two 2 × 2 between‐groups online experimental studies.

Methods

Study 1 (N = 164) presented three alcohol health messages per condition, comprising social norm (healthy/unhealthy (“dark nudge”)) by frame (loss/gain). Study 2 (N = 229) presented one message per condition, comprising cancer causality (single cause/multiple causes (dark nudge)) by funding disclosure (disclosure/non‐disclosure (dark nudge)). Outcomes were drinking intentions and perceived source credibility. Exploratory analyses considered prototype perceptions as a between‐subjects moderator.

Results

No significant effects of message frame, social norm, fundi or multiple cancer causality arguments on drinking intentions were found. In Study 2, in the dark nudge multiple cancer causality conditions, perceived source credibility was high when funding was undisclosed, but significantly lower when it was disclosed. Exploratory analyses suggested effects were moderated by prototype similarity. In Study 1, higher perceived similarity to a heavy drinker and lower perceived similarity to a responsible drinker were associated with higher drinking intentions in the unhealthy norm/gain frame condition, but lower drinking intentions in the other conditions.

Conclusions

Framing, social norm, funding disclosure and multiple causality manipulations as tested in this study did not exert a dark nudge effect on drinking intentions. However, the exploratory analyses suggest it could be hypothesised that the types of messages used in alcohol industry‐funded responsible drinking campaigns may result in greater drinking intentions among those who identify more as heavy drinkers and less as responsible drinkers. Perceived prototype similarity may be an important moderator of the impact of alcohol health messages that warrants further research. Study 2 suggests disclosure of industry funding guides judgements of the credibility of sources of misleading messages about alcohol and cancer.
A correlated traits correlated (methods – 1) multitrait‐multimethod model for augmented round‐robin data
Authors: Jendryczko David , Nussbeck Fridtjof W.
Published: October 2023

We didactically derive a correlated traits correlated (methods – 1) [CTC(M – 1)] multitrait‐multimethod (MTMM) model for dyadic round‐robin data augmented by self‐reports. The model is an extension of the CTC(M – 1) model for cross‐classified data and can handle dependencies between raters and targets by including reciprocity covariance parameters that are inherent in augmented round‐robin designs. It can be specified as a traditional structural equation model. We present the variance decomposition as well as consistency and reliability coefficients. Moreover, we explain how to evaluate fit of a CTC(M – 1) model for augmented round‐robin data. In a simulation study, we explore the properties of the full information maximum likelihood estimation of the model. Model (mis)fit can be quite accurately detected with the test of not close fit and dynamic root mean square errors of approximation. Even with few small round‐robin groups, relative parameter estimation bias and coverage rates are satisfactory, but several larger round‐robin groups are needed to minimize relative parameter estimation inaccuracy. Further, neglecting the reciprocity covariance‐structure of the augmented round‐robin data does not severely bias the remaining parameter estimates. All analyses (including data, R scripts, and results) and the simulation study are provided in the Supporting Information. Implications and limitations are discussed.
The fitness consequences of wildlife conservation translocations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Gross Iwo P. , Wilson Alan E. , Wolak Matthew E.
Published: October 2023

Conservation translocation is a common strategy to offset mounting rates of population declines through the transfer of captive‐ or wild‐origin organisms into areas where conspecific populations are imperilled or completely extirpated. Translocations that supplement existing populations are referred to as reinforcements and can be conducted using captive‐origin animals [ex situ reinforcement (ESR)] or wild‐origin animals without any captive ancestry [in situ reinforcement (ISR)]. These programs have been criticized for low success rates and husbandry practices that produce individuals with genetic and performance deficits, but the post‐release performance of captive‐origin or wild‐origin translocated groups has not been systematically reviewed to quantify success relative to wild‐resident control groups. To assess the disparity in post‐release performance of translocated organisms relative to wild‐resident conspecifics and examine the association of performance disparity with organismal and methodological factors across studies, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 821 performance comparisons from 171 studies representing nine animal classes (101 species). We found that translocated organisms have 64% decreased odds of out‐performing their wild‐resident counterparts, supporting claims of systemic issues hampering conservation translocations. To help identify translocation practices that could maximize program success in the future, we further quantified the impact of broad organismal and methodological factors on the disparity between translocated and wild‐resident conspecific performance. Pre‐release animal enrichment significantly reduced performance disparities, whereas our results suggest no overall effects of taxonomic group, sex, captive generation time, or the type of fitness surrogate measured. This work is the most comprehensive systematic review to date of animal conservation translocations in which wild conspecifics were used as comparators, thereby facilitating an evaluation of the overall impact of this conservation strategy and identifying specific actions to increase success. Our review highlights the need for conservation managers to include both sympatric and allopatric wild‐reference groups to ensure the post‐release performance of translocated animals can be evaluated. Further, our analyses identify pre‐release animal enrichment as a particular strategy for improving the outcomes of animal conservation translocations, and demonstrate how meta‐analysis can be used to identify implementation choices that maximize translocated animal contributions to recipient population growth and viability.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and repercussions on neurodevelopment: A systematic review
Authors: Merino‐Andrés Javier , Pérez‐Nombela Soraya , Álvarez‐Bueno Celia , Hidalgo‐Robles Álvaro , Ruiz‐Becerro Irene , Fernández‐Rego Francisco Javier
Published: October 2023

Background

Accumulation of bilirubin above normal levels is considered a neurological risk factor for both premature and full‐term newborns. This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on neurodevelopment in preterm and full‐term newborns.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Lilacs databases were searched for articles published until 1 June 2022. The quality of cohort and case–control studies was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the MINCir scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of therapy studies or the therapeutic procedures. Premature neonates without neurological conditions and those born at term with hyperbilirubinemia as the sole risk factor were included. Studies reporting one or more neurodevelopmental outcomes were included with an inter‐group comparison of a hyperbilirubinemia group versus a non‐hyperbilirubinemia or non‐pathological hyperbilirubinemia group. The main outcomes were auditory function, visual function, cognitive function, motor function, behavior, global development and neurological risk.

Results

The search identified 951 studies, 19 of which (n = 2210 newborns) were finally included. Fifteen of the cohort and case–control studies presented low risk of bias, and six studies showed high methodological quality. Within the preterm population, hyperbilirubinemia as the sole risk factor was not shown to affect neurodevelopment. Auditory, neurological and motor development alterations were found in the population of full‐term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia, which were more evident during the first year of life.

Conclusions

Elevated bilirubin levels may be a trigger for the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders in full‐term infants during the first year of life. More studies are warranted in the preterm population with hyperbilirubinemia to draw conclusions about its impact on their neurodevelopment.
Radiographic alveolar bone assessment in correlation with primary implant stability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Putra Ramadhan Hardani , Cooray Upul , Nurrachman Aga Satria , Yoda Nobuhiro , Judge Roy , Putri Dina Karimah , Astuti Eha Renwi
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The radiographic examination of alveolar bone using 3D radiographic examination is essential in dental implant treatment planning. Our study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively analyze the correlation between alveolar bone parameters, specifically bone density and cortical bone thickness, assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and/or multidetector computed tomography (MDCT); and primary implant stability (PIS) determined using implant stability quotient (ISQ), Periotest® value (PTV), and insertion torque value (ITV).

Methods

This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42022307245). An electronic literature search was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for papers published until February 2022. The Quality Assessment in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were conducted to calculate the estimated average correlation coefficient based on a multilevel random‐effects model, followed by subgroup analysis.

Results

Twenty‐six studies were included in this review, consisting of 17 prospective cohort studies, eight retrospective cohort studies, and one nonrandomized controlled trial. A total of 3109 implants placed in 1171 subjects were analyzed. Twenty‐three studies were evaluated using meta‐analysis. The alveolar bone condition was significantly correlated with ISQ (r = 0.60; p < .001), IT (r = 0.52; p < .001), and PTV (r = −0.42; p < .05).

Conclusion

Alveolar bone condition is significantly associated with PIS. Low bone density and thin cortical bone can lead to low PIS; therefore, modification of treatment planning and surgical procedures might be needed to avoid poor osseointegration.
Increased rates of contact allergy to selected preservatives in patients with allergic contact dermatitis in Turkey
Authors: Sürgün Ece , Boyvat Ayşe
Published: October 2023

Background

Preservatives are a frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and have caused numerous epidemics.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of preservative sensitivity, assess the change in the frequency of sensitivity, identify new preservatives with increased sensitivity rates, and evaluate the situation in Turkey by comparing our findings with current literature.

Methods

A total of 201 patients diagnosed with ACD between 2018 and 2020, were patch tested with the European baseline series and additional seven preservative haptens. The change in the prevalence of sensitivity to each preservative hapten was investigated by comparing the data from the study conducted in our department between 2000 and 2004.

Results

Results showed that 17.4% (n = 35) of the patients were positive to preservatives. Comparison with previous data from 2000 to 2004 revealed an increase in the frequency of sensitization. The most prevalent allergen was methyldibromo glutaronitrile (9.5%), followed by methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (6.5%), and methylisothiazolinone (5%).

Conclusion

The increase in preservative sensitivity in Turkey is the most remarkable finding. Although MDBGN was prohibited in cosmetic products, MCI/MI and MI are still widely used. Our findings suggest that awareness of preservative sensitivity should be increased and additional precautions should be taken, also in Turkey, regarding the use of preservatives.
Aspiration and coagulation to reduce risk of delayed bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video)
Authors: Tang Yufen , Xie Hui , Yang Lang , Zhang Jie , Ma Xianzong , Xu Junfeng , He Yuqi , Sheng Jian‐qiu , Jin Peng
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a simple method named aspiration and coagulation (AC) for reducing the risk of postoperative bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Methods

Data were retrospectively reviewed and collected from the medical records and endoscopic and pathologic reports about consecutive patients who underwent ESD for early gastric cancer or precancerous lesions or gastric submucosal lesions from January 2016 to December 2021 at the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. Enrolled patients who underwent the AC method during ESD were included in the AC group, and the others were included in the control group. Propensity score (PS) matching (1:1 match) was used to compensate for the differences that might affect post‐ESD bleeding. Massive hemorrhage and overall delayed bleeding events after gastric ESD were compared between the two groups.

Results

Propensity score matching analysis created 242 matched pairs in the study. Characteristics of the subjects such as age and use of antithrombotic drugs were all similar between the two groups after PS matching. The rate of massive hemorrhage and overall delayed bleeding was both significantly lower in the AC group than in the control (0.4% vs. 3.3% for massive hemorrhage, P = 0.037, and 1.2% vs. 5.0% for overall delayed bleeding, P = 0.032), predominantly in mucosal lesions (0.6% vs. 4.4% for massive hemorrhage, P = 0.032, and 1.2% vs. 5.6% for overall delayed bleeding, P = 0.031).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that the AC method effectively decreased delayed bleeding events after ESD.
Investigating the effectiveness of gamification on supply chain operations knowledge and practice
Authors: Oke Adegoke , Marfo John Serbe , Kull Thomas , Rogers Dale , Asare Marfo Afia Frimpomaa , Noor Mohammed Hassan , Mishra SudHanshu , McHenry Bridget , Raj Sharmila
Published: October 2023

The use of gamification to enhance learning in education has been well documented. However, little is known about whether gamification can impact supply chain management knowledge and behaviors among healthcare professionals. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of a simulation app (ShipShape) designed and developed to gamify the fundamental concepts of supply chain management. We field tested the effectiveness of the app to impact knowledge gain and supply chain practice by asking healthcare professionals to use the app in their day‐to‐day operations. We collected longitudinal data spanning the period before and after the introduction of the app. The analysis and results of different types of data collected provide support for the positive impact of the app on both supply chain knowledge and practice among healthcare professionals.
The role of phenotypic plasticity in shaping ecological networks
Authors: Gómez José M. , González‐Megías Adela , Armas Cristina , Narbona Eduardo , Navarro Luis , Perfectti Francisco
Published: October 2023

Plasticity‐mediated changes in interaction dynamics and structure may scale up and affect the ecological network in which the plastic species are embedded. Despite their potential relevance for understanding the effects of plasticity on ecological communities, these effects have seldom been analysed. We argue here that, by boosting the magnitude of intra‐individual phenotypic variation, plasticity may have three possible direct effects on the interactions that the plastic species maintains with other species in the community: may expand the interaction niche, may cause a shift from one interaction niche to another or may even cause the colonization of a new niche. The combined action of these three factors can scale to the community level and eventually expresses itself as a modification in the topology and functionality of the entire ecological network. We propose that this causal pathway can be more widespread than previously thought and may explain how interaction niches evolve quickly in response to rapid changes in environmental conditions. The implication of this idea is not solely eco‐evolutionary but may also help to understand how ecological interactions rewire and evolve in response to global change.
Eco‐evolutionary maintenance of diversity in fluctuating environments
Authors: Yamamichi Masato , Letten Andrew D. , Schreiber Sebastian J.
Published: October 2023

Growing evidence suggests that temporally fluctuating environments are important in maintaining variation both within and between species. To date, however, studies of genetic variation within a population have been largely conducted by evolutionary biologists (particularly population geneticists), while population and community ecologists have concentrated more on diversity at the species level. Despite considerable conceptual overlap, the commonalities and differences of these two alternative paradigms have yet to come under close scrutiny. Here, we review theoretical and empirical studies in population genetics and community ecology focusing on the ‘temporal storage effect’ and synthesise theories of diversity maintenance across different levels of biological organisation. Drawing on Chesson's coexistence theory, we explain how temporally fluctuating environments promote the maintenance of genetic variation and species diversity. We propose a further synthesis of the two disciplines by comparing models employing traditional frequency‐dependent dynamics and those adopting density‐dependent dynamics. We then address how temporal fluctuations promote genetic and species diversity simultaneously via rapid evolution and eco‐evolutionary dynamics. Comparing and synthesising ecological and evolutionary approaches will accelerate our understanding of diversity maintenance in nature.
Differential specificity of SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease variants on peptide versus protein‐based substrates
Authors: Rocho Fernanda R. , Snipas Scott J. , Shamim Anwar , Rut Wioletta , Drag Marcin , Montanari Carlos A. , Salvesen Guy S.
Published: October 2023

The SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro) holds significant importance as a biological target in combating coronaviruses due to its importance in virus replication. Considering the emergence of novel SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and the mutations observed in the Mpro sequence, we hypothesized that these mutations may have a potential impact on the protease's specificity. To test this, we expressed Mpro corresponding to the original strain and variants Beta1, Beta2, and Omicron and analyzed their activity on protein‐based and peptide substrates. Although we observed differential activity on the protein‐based substrate, there was very little difference when analyzed on the peptide substrate. We conclude that mutations on the Mpro sequence, despite having a minor effect on a peptide substrate cleavage, did not change the catalytic site environment enough to build resistance to inhibition. Therefore, we propose that inhibitors initially designed for the Mpro of the original strain will be effective in all the variants. Thus, Mpro is likely to continue to be a target of therapeutic interest as mutations in its sequence are rare and, as we show here, have a minor effect on the protease's recognition of peptide‐based molecules.
Effects of singular and non‐singular stress fields on very high cycle fatigue life of adhesive joints
Authors: Pederbelli Davide , Tridello Andrea , Paolino Davide Salvatore , Goglio Luca
Published: October 2023

Singular stress fields represent a concern during the design of mechanical connections as they could trigger cracks within the joint, under low‐amplitude loads, generating failures and reducing its service life. Appropriate design plans should therefore be implemented to produce more reliable apparatus. This paper explores the effects induced by both the presence and the absence of stress singularities on the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) performance of adhesively bonded butt joints through analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. Analytical models defined the conditions to design a stress singularity‐free joint, global–local finite element descriptions studied the stress distributions in detail, and then VHCF experiments extracted S–N outcomes. The suitability of this approach is confirmed numerically while a substantial increase of the joint life is experimentally observed if the singularity is removed. Nonetheless, a non‐singular configuration leads to higher scatter data compared to the original specimen configuration.
Short seller monitoring and real earnings management
Authors: Cai Tianyu , Guo Lixiong , Tan Yongxian
Published: October 2023

Exploiting an exogenous shock to short selling costs brought by the RegSHO, we find that short seller monitoring restrains real earnings management (REM). The effect is concentrated in firms facing a lower cost of REM than accruals management. Litigation risk and reduced CEO wealth gain from REM are two plausible channels through which short seller monitoring deters REM. Lastly, we find that short interests on stocks of treated firms increase after the announcement of the RegSHO relative to that on stocks of control firms, and the increase is concentrated in the subsample of treated firms with signs of REM.
Marine heatwaves impact mortality of triploid Pacific oysters
Authors: Manahan Donal T.
Published: October 2023

Studies of heatwave impacts on marine organisms are needed to understand biological tolerance to heat stress. Such studies should include integrative analyses across different levels of biological organization, which often reveal that predictions are non‐linear (e.g., gene–protein–physiology–organism). Further insights into potential evolutionary responses of organisms to rapid environmental change can be gained from formal genetic studies of multigenerational pedigreed families.
The anthropogenic imprint on temperate and boreal forest demography and carbon turnover
Authors: Pugh Thomas A. M. , Seidl Rupert , Liu Daijun , Lindeskog Mats , Chini Louise P. , Senf Cornelius
Published: October 2023

Aim

The sweeping transformation of the biosphere by humans over the last millennia leaves only limited windows into its natural state. Much of the forests that dominated temperate and southern boreal regions have been lost and those that remain typically bear a strong imprint of forestry activities and past land‐use change, which have changed forest age structure and composition. Here, we ask how would the dynamics, structure and function of temperate and boreal forests differ in the absence of forestry and the legacies of land‐use change?

Location

Global.

Time Period

2001–2014, integrating over the legacy of disturbance events from 1875 to 2014.

Major Taxa Studied

Trees.

Methods

We constructed an empirical model of natural disturbance probability as a function of community traits and climate, based on observed disturbance rate and form across 77 protected forest landscapes distributed across three continents. Coupling this within a dynamic vegetation model simulating forest composition and structure, we generated estimates of stand‐replacing disturbance return intervals in the absence of forestry for northern hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. We then applied this model to calculate forest stand age structure and carbon turnover rates.

Results

Comparison with observed disturbance rates revealed human activities to have almost halved the median return interval of stand‐replacing disturbances across temperate forest, with more moderate changes in the boreal region. The resulting forests are typically much younger, especially in northern Europe and south‐eastern North America, resulting in a 32% reduction in vegetation carbon turnover time across temperate forests and a 7% reduction for boreal forests.

Conclusions

The current northern hemisphere temperate forest age structure is dramatically out of equilibrium with its natural disturbance regimes. Shifts towards more nature‐based approaches to forest policy and management should more explicitly consider the current disturbance surplus, as it substantially impacts carbon dynamics and litter (including deadwood) stocks.
Communicating soil erosion in the UK: How should we present extreme events?
Authors: Boardman John
Published: October 2023

The presentation of soil erosion on agricultural land, both to the expert and the public, frequently takes the form of pictures and descriptions of extreme events. These attention‐grabbing images are case studies of worst‐case scenarios and serve an important purpose of warning what may happen under certain circumstances; they also have a potential to mislead. On the other hand, long‐term studies of erosion are able to present extreme events in a more acceptable scientific context. Monitoring studies emphasise the importance of frequent, low‐magnitude runoff events and their ability to transport nutrients and pesticides to freshwater systems. Thus, the need for a balanced presentation of erosion which places extreme events in a broad context in space and time. Communicating with practitioners such as farmers requires the use of non‐conventional channels rather than the reliance on academic journals.
Women construction workers in Nepal: Collectivities under precarious conditions
Authors: Wilson Kalpana , Ismail Feyzi , Kharel Sambriddhi , Dahal Swechchha
Published: October 2023

In this article, we explore the experiences of women construction workers in Nepal and the strategies that these workers have adopted to challenge the exploitation and inequalities they confront. We firstly argue that the experiences of women construction workers in Nepal are shaped by compulsive engagement in labor markets under conditions of informality, precarity, and gendered responsibility for social reproduction. These experiences reflect multiple intersections of gender, class, caste, and ethnicity in the arenas of the household, the workplace, trade unions, and the state. However, policy interventions related to women's participation in labor markets and inspired by the Gender Equality as Smart Economics approach, such as Nepal's post‐earthquake mason training scheme targeting women construction workers, render invisible these structures of inequality, exploitation, and violence. Second, we argue that women construction workers negotiate—and in some cases challenge and change—working conditions, primarily through a variety of informal and formal collective strategies. Women construction workers' own narratives and practices, we find, bear little resemblance to the narratives promoted by the International Financial Institutions and the state, in which women workers appear as resilient, altruistic, and industrious entrepreneurial subjects seeking individual self‐improvement within the neoliberal framework. They rather invoke informal and organized collectivities, negotiate, and often resist, gendered norms of behavior and at times radically re‐envision the scope of trade union struggles.
Five new F10 variants in hereditary factor x deficiency detected by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Pastoret Cédric , Wahl Clémentine , Castet Sabine , Nedelec Fabienne , Pontis Adeline , Bayart Sophie , Fest Thierry , Guillet Benoît
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Factor X deficiency is a rare inherited bleeding disorder. To date, 181 variants are reported in the recently updated F10‐gene variant database.

Aim

This study aimed to describe new F10 variants.

Method

The F10 gene was analysed in 16 consecutive families with FX deficiency by a targeted high‐throughput sequencing approach, including F10, F9, F8 genes, and 78 genes dedicated to haematological malignancies.

Results

We identified 19 variants (17 missense, one nonsense and one frameshift) and two copy number variations. Two patients presenting a combined FVII‐FX deficiency showed a loss of one F10 gene copy (del13q34) associated with a missense variant on the remaining allele, leading to a FX:C significantly lower than the FVII:C level and explaining their unusual bleeding history. We reported five novel variants. Three missense variants (p.Glu22Val affecting the signal peptide cleavage site, p.Cys342Tyr removing the disulphide bond between the FX heavy and light chains, and p.Val385Met located in FX peptidase S1 domain) were detected at compound heterozygosis status in three patients with severe bleeding symptoms and FX:C level below 10 IU/dL. Two truncating variants p.Tyr279* and p.Thr434Aspfs*13 leading to an altered FX protein were found at heterozygous state in two patients with mild bleeding history.

Conclusion

This study showed the feasibility and the interest of high‐throughput sequencing approach for rare bleeding disorders, enabling the report of F10 gene screening in a 3‐weeks delay, suitable for clinical use. The description of five new variants may contribute to a better understanding of the phenotype‐genotype correlation in FX deficiency.
INVESTMENT HOUSING TAX CONCESSIONS AND WELFARE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY FOR AUSTRALIA
Authors: Cho Yunho , Li Shuyun May , Uren Lawrence
Published: October 2023

This article builds a general equilibrium overlapping generations (OLG) model with heterogeneous agents to study the welfare implications of investment housing tax concessions in Australia. Removing these concessions substantially reduces the landlord rate and the use of debt. There is a steady‐state welfare gain equivalent to a 0.13% increase in lifetime consumption if the additional tax revenue from removing the concessions is used to finance a lump‐sum transfer to all households. That welfare gain rises to 1.45% if the extra tax revenue is used to provide a transfer to the housing‐poor in the form of rental assistance. Over the transition, around 70% of existing households experience a welfare gain and there are important distributional effects in both cases.
Adjuvant immunotherapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Fukuokaya Wataru , Iwatani Kosuke , Matsukawa Akihiro , Katayama Satoshi , Pradere Benjamin , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Rajwa Pawel , Moschini Marco , Albisinni Simone , Krajewski Wojciech , Cimadamore Alessia , Del Giudice Francesco , Teoh Jeremy , Urabe Fumihiko , Kimura Shoji , Murakami Masaya , Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Miki Jun , Miki Kenta , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kimura Takahiro ,   European Association of Urology–Young Academic Urologists Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group (EAU‐YAU)
Published: October 2023

Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies have radically altered the treatment landscape for renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. However, studies have reported negative data regarding adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Thus, this study aimed to assess the role of adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for both renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. A systematic review and network meta‐analysis were conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. Multiple databases were searched for articles published as of February 2023. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated disease‐free survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma receiving adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. In a network meta‐analysis, pembrolizumab was shown to be the most effective regimen for patients with renal cell carcinoma, whereas nivolumab was found to be the most effective regimen for patients with urothelial carcinoma. Additionally, these results were consistently observed in a sub‐analysis of the T stage. The present analysis provides findings that support the usefulness of adjuvant nivolumab therapy in urothelial carcinoma and adjuvant pembrolizumab therapy in renal cell carcinoma, in agreement with the currently available guidelines. However, the caveat is that the randomized controlled trials included in this analysis differed in important respects despite being similar in study design. Therefore, with these differences in mind, care needs to be taken when selecting patients for these immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies to maximize their benefits.
From academia to industry: how reinvention and understanding your motivations can help you find your path
Authors: D’Cruz Louise M
Published: October 2023

In July 1999, I took my final curtsey as an aspiring ballet dancer in London. At the time, I was devastated, having been “assessed out” by the ballet school I’d attended the year after I finished high school in Ireland. I wish I knew then what I know now: there are no endings in a career, just different paths. It took a few more iterations for me to learn that lesson. I hope my experience described in this article can provide some reassurance for anyone out there grappling with their next career move.
Effectiveness of various methods of educating children and adolescents for the maintenance of oral health: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Atif Mohammad , Tewari Nitesh , Saji Seba , Srivastav Sukeshana , Rahul Morankar
Published: October 2023

Background

School‐based oral health education has emerged as one of the most effective methods to instill a positive attitude toward oral health in children.

Aim

This systematic review (SR) aimed to assess the effectiveness of different methods of oral health education in children and adolescents.

Design

Systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, and EMBASE on January 29, 2023. Review included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and their risk of bias (ROB) was assessed by Cochrane RoB‐2. Data were extracted and analyzed by expert group. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. Every step was conducted in duplicate, and disagreements were resolved by consulting the third reviewer.

Results

The SR included 10 RCTs with majority showing a high ROB. They included 12 methods with the commonest being the use of leaflets/flash cards. Most interventions were effective in improving oral hygiene, gingival health, and knowledge except conventional teaching methods, lecture by using PowerPoint by dentists, and e‐learning interventions. The grade of evidence in the majority of outcomes was found to be low or very low.

Conclusion

Interventions using the interactive methods such as games, motivational‐experiential learning, and audiovisual methods were found to be more effective than controls and other interventions. Variabilities in study methods and outcome variables must be addressed in the future.
Beach Sediment Alteration by Natural Processes and Human Actions: Elba Island, Italy
Authors: Nordstrom Karl F. , Jackson Nancy L. , Pranzini Enzo
Published: October 2023

The surface characteristics and dimensions of many beaches reflect past inputs of sediment due to human activity in tributary drainage basins. Subsequent control of erosion in drainage basins, changes in flow regimes of streams, and construction of shorefront structures have reduced sediment input and eliminated beach area in many coastal segments, leading to calls for artificial beach nourishment. This study evaluates the compatibility of sediments delivered as a result of human activity in terms of the appearance and utility of beaches by comparing sites on Elba Island, Italy. Beach morphology, mineralogy, grain size, and roundness of sediments were determined for five sites where sediments were introduced by artificial nourishment, by erosion of spoils from iron mines, and by stream flow through agricultural or mining lands. Size, sorting, angularity, and color of sediments determine their acceptability by beach users. These characteristics were determined by evaluating the mineralogy and method of delivery of sediment (rivers, bluff erosion, and artificial replenishment) and subsequent modification by wave and human action. Wave energy and time are critical to the reworking of sediments to achieve more natural characteristics, but these constraints can be overcome by more careful selection of the mineral characteristics of fill sediments, prewashing fill sediments to remove silts and clays to reduce turbidity, grading nourished beaches to cycle sediments into the wave and swash zones to cause better rounding of sediments, or raking the beach to create the sandy backbeach that is favored by beach users.
Concerns, Attitudes, and Abilities of Early‐Career Geography Faculty
Authors: Solem Michael N. , Foote Kenneth E.
Published: October 2023

Professional experiences during graduate school through the first few years of an academic appointment shape patterns of work and social behavior that prefigure the long‐term success of new faculty members, including prospects for tenure and promotion. We explore these experiences through interviews and surveys with a sample of early‐career faculty in postsecondary American geography. Our analysis reveals that teaching is the primary source of anxiety among new professors, many of whom begin their first academic positions with little or no preparation in learning theory, course design, or pedagogy. Many new faculty members struggle to maintain healthy personal and family lives, while adjusting to unfamiliar norms of their new institutions. New professors benefit from support offered by their department chairpersons and from working in collegial environments. Among women, we found a greater sense of self‐doubt about their scholarly abilities and futures despite having records comparable in accomplishment to their male peers. Many women cope with this sense of marginalization by forming supportive mentoring relationships with other women faculty on campus and through disciplinary specialty groups. Networking with colleagues on campus and at academic conferences enhances the job performance and satisfaction of all faculty members irrespective of gender. Our findings underscore the importance of examining the social, professional, and disciplinary contexts of higher education to acquire a broader understanding of faculty development. This knowledge can help departments prepare new faculty for successful and satisfying academic careers.
Place Identity in a Resource‐Dependent Area of Northern British Columbia
Authors: Larsen Soren C.
Published: October 2023

Residents of northern British Columbia's resource‐dependent areas have struggled to maintain the integrity of their communities as nonlocal firms exert ever‐increasing influence over the region's resources and landscapes. Local leaders both construct and mobilize place as a vital part of their efforts to promote community well‐being. This study focuses on the ways that the residents of three towns in the province's northern interior politicized place as a strategy for resisting the political influence and geographic designs of outsiders. The residents drew from their shared emotional response to powerlessness as a means of highlighting the inequities between insiders and outsiders, thereby generating a regional identity that calls into question the socioeconomic effects of resource industrialization in the north. In describing this dialectic between place making and economic restructuring, the article not only expands upon existing theory on place identity, but also contributes to a fuller understanding of the cultural geography of North America's resource‐dependent communities.
Stability enhancement of Escherichia coli penicillin G acylase by glycosylation with yeast mannan
Authors: Masárová Jana , Mislovičová Danica , Gemeiner Peter , Michalková Eva
Published: October 2023

Penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli was cross‐linked with mannan dialdehydes. Conjugates were prepared with molecular masses varying from 140 to 580 kDa and containing from 18 to 50% (w/w) saccharides, the values depending on the reaction conditions (mannan/enzyme ratio), and by using mannans with different degrees of oxidation and weight‐average molecular mass (M̄w). The pH‐ and thermo‐stability of all preparations of glycosylated enzyme were improved remarkably, whereby the influence of the character of the linked mannan dialdehyde, its content, as well as the molecular mass of prepared glycoconjugates, on the stability of PGA, was evaluated. PGA glycosylated with the most oxidized mannan up to an Mw of 490 kDa, containing 41% (w/w) saccharides, and retaining 90% of its original catalytic activity, showed the highest stability. The half‐life of this PGA preparation increased significantly: 13‐fold at pH 3, 7‐fold at pH 10, and 3.5‐fold at pH 8 (all at 37 °C), compared with the native enzyme. At higher temperatures (50 °C) even more significant stabilization was evident, a 16‐fold increase in half‐life, from 18 min to 289 min, at pH 8, being measured.
Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation: A systematic review of treatment outcomes
Authors: Kashetsky N. , Feschuk A. , Pratt M. E.
Published: October 2023

Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common consequence of inflammatory dermatoses. It is more common in patients with darker skin and has significant morbidity. This systematic review summarizes treatment outcomes for post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation to help physicians better predict clinical response and improve patient outcomes. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using a combination of relevant search terms. Title, abstract and full text screening were done in duplicate. Studies were included if they met our predetermined PICOS framework criteria. Results are presented in descriptive form. In total, 41 studies representing 877 patients were included. Complete response was achieved by laser and energy‐based devices in 18.1% (n = 56/309) of patients, topicals in 5.4% (n = 20/369) and combination therapies in 2.4% (n = 4/166). Partial response was achieved by combination modalities in 84.9% (n = 141/166) of patients, topicals in 72.4% (n = 267/369), laser and energy‐based devices in 61.2% (n = 189/309) and peels in 33.3% (n = 5/15). Poor to no response occurred with peels in 66.7% (n = 10/15) of patients, topicals in 22.2% (n = 82/369), laser and energy‐based devices in 18.1% (n = 56/309) and combination modalities in 12.7% (n = 21/166). Additionally, in 2.6% (n = 8/309) of patients treated with laser and energy‐based devices, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation worsened. Adverse events were reported in 10 patients, all while using topical treatments. In conclusion, the current treatment approaches yielded unsatisfactory rates of complete response. However, combination therapies, laser and energy‐based devices and topical therapies showed high rates of partial response. Of note, the majority of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation cases included were associated with acne, and therefore, the findings and conclusions drawn may have limited applicability to other types of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
The role of cable news hosts in public support for Supreme Court decisions
Authors: Boddery Scott Simon , Cann Damon , Moyer Laura , Yates Jeff
Published: October 2023

In the current media environment, Americans increasingly tune into cable news programs with distinct ideological brands. This paper extends existing work on media source cues to coverage of the US Supreme Court, an institution which depends entirely on media outlets to communicate its rulings to the American public. We argue that the source cues associated with celebrity media personalities serve as a heuristic that helps individuals form their opinions about public policy. Using a nationwide survey experiment with over 2000 respondents, we find that commentary on Supreme Court decisions from cable news hosts affects public agreement with the Court's rulings, with key differences between how liberal and conservative respondents respond under certain conditions. While unexpected positions espoused by in‐group messengers shift the views of liberals and conservatives alike, signals from out‐group messengers yield more of an effect for conservatives than for liberals. Our results show that counter‐stereotypical (unexpected) position taking has a powerful impact on public perceptions of policy outcomes and suggest that well‐known media figures may have an important role in mitigating ideological polarization in America.
Wild pollinator communities benefit from mixed cultivation of oilseed rape and milk vetch
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Axmacher Jan Christoph , Luo Arong , Ma Changsheng , Wang Mingqiang , Cheng Rui , Niu Zeqing , Zhou Qingsong , Zou Yi , Zhu Chao‐Dong
Published: October 2023

Globally, insect pollinators that are linked to increased yields in many crops have experienced severe population declines. Crop diversification is often proposed as an effective conservation measure to boost pollinator populations. Here, we investigate the potential benefits of mixed oilseed rape/milk vetch cultivation for wild pollinator communities by comparing it with oilseed rape monocultures. Studying 8 mixed and 10 monocropping fields positioned along a gradient of increasing semi‐natural habitat coverage in mountainous agricultural landscapes, we found that agricultural landscapes with mixed cultivation harboured higher wild pollinator diversity than oilseed rape monocropping landscapes. This positive effect was observed irrespective of the proportion of semi‐natural habitat. Meanwhile, the pollinator community composition in mixed cultivation landscapes was similar to that of oilseed rape monoculture landscapes, and, contrary to expectations, mixed cultivation did not benefit specific pollinator trait groups like cavity‐nesting bees. Overall, we believe the higher pollinator diversity linked to mixed cultivation can increase insect‐pollinated crop yields, and mixed oilseed rape‐milk vetch cultivation might represent a potential mitigation measure for the negative impacts agricultural intensification has on wild pollinator communities.