bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Radial Pressure Waves and Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves in Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China,, Sun Xichun , Cheng Suoli ,   Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China,, Xiong Xianghua ,   Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Liangping District, Chongqing, China., Wang Zhengcheng ,   Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China,
Published: February 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the clinical efficacy of radial pressure waves and focused external shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Materials and Methods: From October 2020, 90 patients aged 45–65 years old with Kellgren and Lawrence classification (K-L) stage I and II of KOA were selected in our hospital or randomly assigned to 3 groups with 30 cases in each group. One group was treated with antiinflamatory medication. The other two groups received one course of treatment (once a week, 4 times in total) performed by using radial focused shock waves respectively, and follow-up was conducted by telephone and outpatient review 3, 6, and 9 months after the treatment. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) osteoarthritis score were used before and after treatment. Results: (1) VAS, WOMAC, and evaluation indexes of both treated groups were better than those of the control group (oral drug group); (3) The score of the radial group was significantly different from that of the focused group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: (1) Focused and radial pressure waves (RPW) have good clinical therapeutic effect on early KOA (2) Comparison of long-term effect: focused shock waves are more significant than radial (3) Radial pressure waves area good indication in relatively young patients, short course of disease (within 1 year), and K-L stage I an II. (4) In older patients, with more than a year of symptoms and K-L stages II and III, focal waves are more effective than radial waves. (5) Patients with acute onset and night pain or accompanied by obvious effusion can first take nonsteroidal drugs orally continuously for a week, and the treatment effect is better. During treatment, the drugs can be continued or stopped according to the specific conditions. When synovial edema and effusion of the joint decreased, the conventional parameters were used for treatment. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Radial Pressure Waves
Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Peking University Hospital, Beijing 100871, China., Chen Na , Ji Hanhua ,   Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Peking University Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, China.
Published: February 2024

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, placing a huge burden on patients and healthcare systems. Cardiac shock wave (CSW) technology is a non-invasive treatment method. In recent years, some scholars have discovered that extracorporeal shock wave can improve cardiovascular ischemic lesions. This article reviews the latest progress in basic research and clinical application of cardiac shock wave technology in cardiovascular medicine and reviews its efficacy and potential mechanisms in different diseases. First, the principle of shock waves and their application potential in cardiovascular medicine are introduced. Then, from the aspects of basic research and clinical application, the mechanism and clinical efficacy of shock waves in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, atrial fibrillation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery calcification are discussed, as well as its advantages and limitations. Animal experiments and clinical studies have found that low-energy extracorporeal shock waves can upregulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, promote angiogenesis, promote nitric oxide production, increase local blood perfusion, significantly reduce angina symptoms, and improve left ventricular function and remodeling. Finally, the future development trend of shock wave technology is prospected. This review provides an introduction to the properties, biomechanical effects, treatment mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases, research status and development prospects of extracorporeal shock waves. Keywords: Cardiac shock Wave Therapy, Cardiovascular diseases, ESWT
Shock Wave Medicine: A Transformative Evolution in Modern Medicine
Authors:   Friends Central School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,, Li Sunte , Fan Xiaoyu ,   Department of Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China,, Sun Wei ,   [3] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, [4] Department of Orthopedics, Shockwave Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
Published: February 2024

Since its inception as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the 1980s, the landscape of medical treatment has been revolutionized by the evolution of shock wave therapy. Over four decades, this therapy, now known as extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), has emerged as a cornerstone in modern medicine, redefining treatment paradigms across various medical disciplines. Certainly, despite the promising outcomes witnessed in various medical conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders, wound healing, urinary calculi, and erectile dysfunction, it is crucial to acknowledge that shock wave therapy’s relatively short clinical tenure necessitates a cautious approach. While its effectiveness has been repeatedly demonstrated, establishing industry-standard protocols through large-scale, prospective randomized controlled trials remains imperative to solidify its standing in medical practice. The integration of Artificial Intelligence technology holds significant promise for the future of shockwave medicine, enabling personalized treatment plans, real-time feedback, and improved cost-effectiveness. Keywords: Shock waves, ESWT, Shockwave
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Where Do We Stand?
Authors:   Capital Medical University China-Japanese Friendship Clinical Medical Research Institute, Beijing, China,, Liu Tianyang , Gao Fuqiang ,   Department of Orthopedics, Shockwave Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China,, Sun Wei ,   [2] Department of Orthopedics, Shockwave Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, China, [3] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Published: February 2024

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive disease characterized by ischemic lesions and structural damage in the head of the femur caused by insufficient blood supply due to multiple etiologies. As a safe, effective, non-invasive, and low-cost treatment strategy, Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment (ESWT) is now widely applied in musculoskeletal disorders such as delayed bone healing, bone marrow edema (BME), knee osteoarthritis, and certain types of avascular bone necrosis. ESWT may promote vascularization and osteogenesis through a cascade reaction stimulated by the transformation of physical energy, promoting tissue regeneration, and repair. ESWT is recommended in treating early-stage ONFH. Keywords: Shock waves; ESWT, Femoral head osteonecrosis
Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technique of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (2023).
Authors:   [1] Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving and Reconstruction, Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China. [2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., Sun Wei , Gao Fuqiang ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., Li Zirong ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., Xu Xin ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., Lu Jike ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Published: February 2024

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common and refractory disease. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood, it is believed to be closely related to the interruption of intra-bone circulation and eventual bone tissue death. The prevention and treatment of ONFH are always a great challenge for orthopedists. The diagnostic level of ONFH has been continuously improved with the development of imaging techniques such as magnetic resource imaging and the in-depth understanding of the disease in recent years. There are many treatment methods for ONFH, which are generally considered individually and comprehensively according to factors such as the patient’s age, osteonecrosis stage, classification, and compliance with joint-sparing treatment. There is currently no unified standard. ONFH staging and classification play an important reference value for doctors to choose treatment options. In recent years, based on the characteristics of ONFH in Chinese people, the academic community has proposed Chinese staging and China-Japan Friendship Hospital classification. The consensus also introduces them together with the international ARCO staging to provide guidance for individualized treatment of ONFH. To further standardize the diagnosis of ONFH and expand the treatment of ONFH, the Association Related to Osseous Microcirculation Chinese Microcirculation Society organized domestic experts in the field of ONFH to jointly formulate the expert consensus, to provide reference for the standardized diagnosis of ONFH and the selection of individualized diagnosis and treatment techniques. Keywords: Expert consensus, Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, Diagnosis, Treatment technique
Mechanical Probe for Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Through a Circuit
Authors: de Sá Neto Olimpio Pereira , de Oliveira Marcos , Rossatto Daniel
Published: February 2024

A three-level Transmon device, which mediates the capacitive coupling between a resonant transmission line and a nanoelectromechanical system, can be conceptually redefined as a Hamiltonian of a staircase configuration. From this, we solve the steady state of the Transmon level transition operators via the master equation with cascade decays, after which we conduct a detailed analysis of the resulting scattering and absorption spectra. By establishing specific relationships between the relevant coupling and decay constants, we noted the presence of a remarkable transparency window in the spectrum, attributed to the influence of mechanical proof. This distinctive structure is identified as Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, highlighting a peculiar interaction between the devices in the hybrid circuit.
Post-Ensemble Generation with Airy Beams for Spatial and Spectral Switching in Incoherent Imaging
Authors: Anand Vijayakumar , gopinath shivasubramanian
Published: February 2024

Spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions and field-of-view are important characteristics of any imaging system. In most, if not all, it is impossible to change the above characteristics after recording a digital picture, video, or hologram. In recent years, there have been investigations on the possibilities to change the above characteristics post-recording. In this letter, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report novel recording and reconstruction methods built upon the principles of coded aperture imaging that allow changing the axial and spectral resolutions post-recording. We name this method - Post-Ensemble Generation with Airy beams for Spatial And Spectral Switching (PEGASASS). In PEGASASS, light from an object point is converted into Airy beams and recorded such that every recording has a unique Airy pattern. An ensemble of Airy patterns is constructed post-recording and the axial and spectral resolutions are tuned by controlling the chaos in the ensemble. The above tunability is achieved without adversely affecting the lateral resolution. Proof-of-concept experimental results of PEGASASS in 3D in both (x,y,z) and (x,y,λ) and 4D in (x,y,z,λ) are presented. We believe that PEGASASS has the potential to revolutionize the field of imaging and holography.
Die Nutzung von ChatGPT in Unternehmen: Ein Fallbeispiel zur Neugestaltung von Serviceprozessen
Authors: Buxmann Peter , Glauben Adrian , Hendriks Patrick
Published: February 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) revolutionieren die Art und Weise, wie Texte oder auch Software geschrieben werden. In diesem Artikel wollen wir insbesondere auf den Einsatz von ChatGPT in Unternehmen eingehen. Schwerpunkt ist ein Fallbeispiel zur Neugestaltung von Serviceprozessen, das gemeinsam mit einem mittelständischen Softwarehaus entwickelt wurde. Wir zeigen, wie LLMs Geschäftsprozesse transformieren können und welche wirtschaftlichen Effekte sich daraus ergeben.
Dietary macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum supplementation improves morphology of small intestine and pectoral muscle, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers
Authors: Saragih H. T. , Fauziah I. N. , Saputri D. A. , Chasani A. R.
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: Over the last decades, the poultry industry has experienced steady growth. Although the industry is gradually expanding in Indonesia, poultry feed production has always been expensive. There is a need to study alternative ingredients to obtain affordable feed from natural resources. Chaetomorpha linum (CL) is an abundant macroalgae available throughout the year in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effect of CL on the histological structure of the small intestine, pectoralis muscle, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers.

Materials and Methods: This study used 300-day-old chick (DOC) male broilers that were reared until they were 21 days old. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups and five replications, and each replication group contained 15 DOC individuals. The treatment groups consisted of Control (CON), CON basal feed (BF), CL1 (0.75%/kg BF), CL2 (1.5%/kg BF), and CL3 (3%/kg BF) groups. The histological structure of the small intestine, pectoralis muscle, growth performance, and meat quality of the broiler was examined.

Results: Small intestine and pectoral muscle histomorphology, growth performance, and meat quality were significantly improved in the CL2 (1.5%) and CL3 (3%) groups compared with the CL1 (0.75%) and CON groups.

Conclusion: Dietary CL supplementation ameliorates small intestine and pectoral muscle histomorphology, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers.

Keywords: Chaetomorpha linum, growth performance, pectoral muscle, small intestine, water-holding capacity.
Addressing food waste: An analysis of causes, impacts, and solutions in modern societies
Authors: Zielińska Anetta , Dąbrowska Magdalena , Vovk Iryna , Drozda Mariola
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The primary aim of this paper is to explore the issue of food waste in contemporary societies, its causes, consequences, and potential solutions. Methodology: The authors conducted a survey among households in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of Poland to diagnose the structure and causes of food waste. They also analyzed statistical data on food waste in European Union countries. Results: The study found that the most food waste occurs in Germany, France, and Italy, while the least occurs in Malta, Luxembourg, and Slovenia. The authors concluded that food waste harms three interconnected areas of sustainable development goals: environmental, economic, and social. Theoretical Contribution: This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on food waste by providing a comprehensive analysis of its causes and impacts backed by empirical data. It adds value to sustainability studies by linking food waste to broader socio-economic and environmental issues. Practical Implications: The authors propose several measures to reduce food waste, such as planning purchases, processing food, sharing food with relatives or pets, using conventional and non-standard methods of food storage, and increasing the level of education and awareness about the issue. Individuals, communities, and policy-makers can implement these practical suggestions to address the problem of food waste.
Lactoferrin Prevents Susceptibility of WEHI 231 Cells to Anti-Ig-Induced Cell Death Promoting Cell Differentiation
Authors: Zaczyńska E. , Kochanowska I. , Kruzel M. , Zimecki Michał
Published: February 2024

Immature B cells are susceptible to apoptosis due to ligation of surface immunoglobulin receptors. The WEHI 231 cell line represents a useful model to study the mode of action of factors preventing apoptosis. In this work we investigated the protective effects of multi-species lactoferrins in anti-mouse Ig-induced WEHI 231 cell death. Bovine milk-derived lactoferrin (bLF), recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells – rhLF(CHO) or in human endothelial kidney cells – rhLF(HEK), and recombinant mouse lactoferrin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells – rmLF(CHO), were used. Goat-anti-mouse Ig antibodies were used to induce cell apoptosis. Survival of WEHI 231 cells in culture was measured using the colorimetric MTT method. Expression of signalling molecules and subunits of interleukin 2 receptor was determined by the RT PCR method. The results showed that anti-mouse Ig antibodies inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The lactoferrins alone had no effect on the cell survival. The cells exposed to LFs, prior to anti-Ig treatment, were rescued to a significant degree from cell death. Determination of the signalling molecule expression revealed almost complete suppression of caspase-3 and NF-κB1 by bLF in untreated cells, as well as deep suppression of caspase-3, block of Fas, and 4-fold increase of NF-κB1 in cells incubated with bLF prior to anti-Ig treatment. In addition, differential changes in the expression of interleukin 2 subunits upon bLF treatment were found, indicating a process of cell differentiation. In conclusion, we showed that LF-induced cell differentiation in immature B-cell line WEHI 231 was correlated with partial protection of the cells from anti-Ig-induced cell death.
Global existence and decay estimates of the classical solution to the compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations in ℝ3
Authors: Tong Leilei
Published: February 2024

The compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations under investigation concern the behavior of the mixture of fluid and particles at a macroscopic scale. We devote to the existence of the global classical solution near the stationary solution based on the energy method under weaker conditions imposed on the external potential compared with Chen et al. (Global existence and time–decay estimates of solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 36 (2016), no. 10, 5287–5307). Under further assumptions that the stationary solution

(

ρ

s

(

x

)

,
0
,
0

)

T

{\left({\rho }_{s}\left(x),0,0)}^{T}

is in a small neighborhood of the constant state

(

ρ

¯

,
0
,
0

)

T

{\left(\bar{\rho },0,0)}^{T}

at infinity, we also obtain the time decay rates of the solution by the combination of the energy method and the linear

L

p

{L}^{p}

-

L

q

{L}^{q}

decay estimates.
Transplantation of human neural stem cell prevents symptomatic motor behavior disability in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Fen , Cheng Xiao-Yu , Zhang Yu-Ting , Bai Qing-Ran , Zhang Xiao-Qi , Sun Xi-Cai , Ma Quan-Hong , Zhao Xiong-Fei , Liu Chun-Feng
Published: February 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a ubiquitous brain cell degeneration disease and presents a significant therapeutic challenge. By injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the left medial forebrain bundle, rats were made to exhibit PD-like symptoms and treated by intranasal administration of a low-dose (2 × 105) or high-dose (1 × 106) human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Apomorphine-induced rotation test, stepping test, and open field test were implemented to evaluate the motor behavior and high-performance liquid chromatography was carried out to detect dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in the striatum of rats. Animals injected with 6-OHDA showed significant motor function deficits and damaged dopaminergic system compared to the control group, which can be restored by hNSCs treatment. Treatment with hNSCs significantly increased the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell count in the substantia nigra of PD animals. Moreover, the levels of neurotransmitters exhibited a significant decline in the striatum tissue of animals injected with 6-OHDA when compared to that of the control group. However, transplantation of hNSCs significantly elevated the concentration of DA and DOPAC in the injured side of the striatum. Our study offered experimental evidence to support prospects of hNSCs for clinical application as a cell-based therapy for PD.
A Syphilis-Giving God? On the Interpretation of the Philistine’s Scourge
Authors: Bächtold Matteo
Published: February 2024

To understand a text, or any other form of art work, as referring to a disease is not always obvious. This uncertainty, although confined to rare cases, nevertheless allows us to explore the limits and blind spots of certain frameworks proposed to think about the relationship between art and disease, notably Susan Sontag’s book Ilness as metaphor. In this article, I take a closer look at the calamity described in chapters 5 and 6 of the first book of Samuel and its various exegeses in the Western World. This calamity (still considered by many to be a bubonic plague), was not associated with the pandemic imaginary by ancient commentators, artists, and doctors, and it is only in modern times that medical diagnoses of the text change in this sense. I propose to see that these seemingly innocuous changes in diagnostic interpretations actually reflect deep changes in the relation between illness and divine agency. After a brief critical review of Susan Sontag’s writings on interpretation and their relationship to Ilness as Metaphor, I will proceed to trace the complex interpretation history of this calamity, before drawing observations about the place of interpretation in literary criticism and in the medical sciences.
Generalized RKM methods for solving fifth-order quasi-linear fractional partial differential equation
Authors: Yazdani Cherati AllahBakhsh , Kadhim Murtadha A. , Mechee Mohammed Sahib
Published: February 2024

Fractional differential equations (FDEs) are used for modeling the natural phenomena and interpretation of many life problems in the fields of applied science and engineering. The mathematical models which include different types of differential equations are used in some fields of applied sciences like biology, diffusion, electronic circuits, damping laws, fluid mechanics, and many others. The derivation of modern analytical or numerical methods for solving FDEs is a significant problem. However, in this article, we introduce a novel approach to generalize Runge Kutta Mechee (RKM) method for solving a class of fifth-order fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) by combining numerical RKM techniques with the method of lines. We have applied the developed approach to solve some problems involving fifth-order FPDEs, and then, the numerical and analytical solutions for these problems have been compared. The comparisons in the implementations have proved the efficiency and accuracy of the developed RKM method.
Optically injected quantum dot lasers and its complex dynamics
Authors: Adil Kareem Tahani , Al Husseini Hussein B.
Published: February 2024

Lasers are paradigmatic examples of nonlinear systems and have played a crucial role in developing nonlinear dynamics into an interdisciplinary topic. Indeed, a freely operating laser represents a nontrivial system, but the phenomena that occur are much more interesting when the laser is exposed to external factors such as optical feedback (OFB) and optical injection (OI). This paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic behavior of a quantum dot semiconductor laser (QDSL) model under the influence of optical injection from another laser. The proposed model was studied numerically with the help of MATLAB. A QDSL system with optical injection was proposed and studied numerically. The quantum dot (QD) laser was used, which is a quantum semiconductor laser and has strong stability without external perturbation. When it is subjected to feedback, it has a critical effect on the follower laser and changes its stable behavior before injection to a set of nonlinear dynamics. The effect of both optical feedback strength and the delay time on the performance and behavior of the bifurcation patterns in the follower laser output was studied, taking into account changing the bifurcation parameters, the injection force k, the slave laser frequency, and the slave laser delay time. The behavior of the slave was studied each time and compared with the behavior of the master. We observed the chaotic paths (essentially stable and continuous pulsating oscillations evolving into periodic and semi-periodic oscillations and then chaotic ones). The time series corresponding to the bifurcation diagrams and the probability of the time interval between spikes and attractors were studied.
GNSS interference monitoring and detection based on the Swedish CORS network SWEPOS
Authors: Abraha Kibrom Ebuy , Frisk Anders , Wiklund Peter
Published: February 2024

The presence of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference poses a significant risk to both GNSS and the infrastructures that depend on them. This article describes how an existing GNSS infrastructure, the Swedish Continuously Operating Reference Stations network SWEPOS with more than 500 stations, can be leveraged to control the quality of GNSS signals and to be able to detect interferences in GNSS and adjacent frequency bands. This study introduces a SWEPOS-based automatic system that effectively detects GNSS interference by examining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Global Positioning System, Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, Galileo, and BeiDou frequency bands. By comparing the SNR of tracked satellites against historical data, the system detects radio frequency interference (RFI) by statistically characterizing the SNR of simultaneously tracked satellites. Furthermore, based on the SNR characteristics across satellites, the system distinguishes between RFI and non-RFI sources. The effectiveness of the detection system is demonstrated through both simulated signal interference waves and real-world interference events.
Directional spontaneous emission in photonic crystal slabs
Authors: Navarro-Barón Erik P. , Vinck-Posada Herbert , González-Tudela Alejandro
Published: February 2024

Spontaneous emission is one of the most fundamental out-of-equilibrium processes in which an excited quantum emitter relaxes to the ground state due to quantum fluctuations. In this process, a photon is emitted that can interact with other nearby emitters and establish quantum correlations between them, e.g., via super and subradiance effects. One way to modify these photon-mediated interactions is to alter the dipole radiation patterns of the emitter, e.g., by placing photonic crystals near them. One recent example is the generation of strong directional emission patterns – key to enhancing super and subradiance effects – in two dimensions by employing photonic crystals with band structures characterized by linear isofrequency contours and saddle points. However, these studies have predominantly used oversimplified toy models, overlooking the electromagnetic field’s intricacies in actual materials, including aspects like geometrical dependencies, emitter positions, and polarization. Our study delves into the interaction between these directional emission patterns and the variables mentioned above, revealing the untapped potential to fine-tune collective quantum optical phenomena.
Crystal structure of (4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)(ferrocenyl) methanone, C21H16ClFeNO
Authors: Zhang Cuiya , Zhu Zhoujing , Tang Wenqiang , Xu Xiaona , Liu Bin
Published: February 2024

C21H16ClFeNO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.3273(5) Å, b = 23.0536(11) Å, c = 7.2835(4) Å, β = 106.078(2)°, V = 1666.24(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0558, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1219, T = 170 K.
Multi-scale alignment to buried atom-scale devices using Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Namboodiri Pradeep , Wyrick Jonathan , Stan Gheorghe , Wang Xiqiao , Fei Fan , Kashid Ranjit Vilas , Schmucker Scott W. , Kasica Richard , Barnes Bryan M. , Stewart Jr Michael D. , Silver Richard M.
Published: February 2024

Fabrication of quantum devices by atomic-scale patterning with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has led to the development of single/few atom transistors, few-donor/quantum dot devices for spin manipulation, and arrayed few-donor devices for analog quantum simulation. We have developed atomic precision lithography, dopant incorporation, device encapsulation, ex situ device re-location, and contact processes to enable high-yield device fabrication. In this work, we describe a multiscale alignment strategy using Kelvin probe force microscopy to enable the alignment of buried device components to electronic support structures such as source/drain leads, in-plane and top gates, and waveguides while preserving flexibility in the placement of fabricated STM patterns. The required spatial accuracy to bridge the sub-micrometer scale central region of the device to millimeter scale large wire-bond pads is achieved through a multi-step alignment process at various stages of fabrication, including atom-scale device fabrication using STM, re-location and registration, and electron beam lithography for contact leads and pads. This alignment strategy allows imaging small device regions as well as large-scale fiducial marks, thereby bridging the gap from nanometer STM patterns to the millimeter-scale electrical contact fabrication with a 95% yield on more than 150 devices fabricated to date.
Awareness and Perception of Students Toward Execution of Internet of Things in Library Services: A study of Indian Institute Technologies of Northern India
Authors: Sinha Priyanka , Brar Khushpreet Singh
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate students’ awareness and perception toward the execution of Internet of Things (IoT) in library services of Indian Institute Technologies (IITs) of Northern India. This study consists of a quantitative research design in which a survey was conducted utilizing a stratified random sampling technique to survey 813 students from five IITs. A total of 780 correctly filled-out surveys were received, yielding a response rate of 95.94%. Statistical tools, including Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, were used to analyze the data. To assess the significance of the results at the 0.05% level, statistical analysis was carried out utilizing percentages and analysis of variance. This study will communicate the attitude, awareness, and perception of students regarding the implementation of IoT in libraries of IITs. It is conducted to understand the motive behind new technology acceptance in academic libraries. The findings reveal that most of the students got familiar with IoT from browsing on the Web/Internet, social networking sites, research projects, conferences, workshops, webinars and faculty development programs, professional discussions, and meetings, as part of the curriculum. Respondents were in favor of implementing IoT in library services. They believed that IoT will ensure better and more efficient utilization of library resources, followed by real-time information accessibility, recommend IoT-based library services, system content quality will be updated, and will increase the quality of the library; the efficiency of library services will increase with implementation of IoT. It will increase the productivity of library services, be useful in an emergency, and promote information literacy. The study’s findings would be beneficial to libraries and academic institutions interested in implementing IoT applications in their libraries.
Treatment of carbamazepine and other structurally-related pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater by nanoporous adsorbents and photocatalysts: a critical review
Authors: Farghal Hebatullah H. , Nebsen Marianne , Blaney Lee , El-Sayed Mayyada M. H.
Published: February 2024

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a contaminant of emerging concern that is persistent in water and wastewater. At low concentrations, prolonged exposure to CBZ-containing water causes detrimental health effects to humans and may also have negative impacts on the environment. Here we critically review new treatment approaches to decrease CBZ concentrations in water and wastewater. First, we summarize the transformation pathways of CBZ in the aquatic environment and identify the corresponding products. Then, we describe the removal of CBZ and structurally-related pharmaceuticals by phototransformation, biotransformation, and adsorption processes, with an emphasis on the application of naturally- and biologically-derived nanoporous adsorbents, such as agricultural wastes, natural polymers, activated carbon, metal organic frameworks, silicas, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Biologically-derived activated carbons exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for CBZ, with adsorption predominantly occurring through hydrophobic and π–π interactions. CBZ was also effectively treated using titanium dioxide and other inorganic photocatalysts. This review not only provides a critical synthesis of state-of-the-art adsorption and degradation processes for CBZ and structurally-related pharmaceuticals, but also proposes knowledge gaps and future research directions.
Determinants of tridiagonal matrices over some commutative finite chain rings
Authors: Jitman Somphong , Sricharoen Yosita
Published: February 2024

Diagonal matrices and their generalization in terms of tridiagonal matrices have been of interest due to their nice algebraic properties and wide applications. In this article, the determinants of tridiagonal matrices over a finite field

F

q

{{\mathbb{F}}}_{q}

and a commutative finite chain ring

R

R

are studied. The main focus is the enumeration of tridiagonal matrices with prescribed determinant. The number of tridiagonal matrices with prescribed determinant over

F

q

{{\mathbb{F}}}_{q}

and the number of non-singular tridiagonal matrices with prescribed determinant over

R

R

are completely determined. For singular tridiagonal matrices with prescribed determinant over

R

R

, bounds on the number of such matrices with prescribed determinant are given. Subsequently, the number of some special tridiagonal matrices with prescribed determinant over

F

q

{{\mathbb{F}}}_{q}

and

R

R

is presented.
Optimization of kerosene/oleic acid/water mixture for emulsion formation
Authors: Yehia Ahmed , Yassien Khaled Ezzat , Farahat Mohsen
Published: February 2024

The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of kerosene and oleic acid on emulsion formation. The two solutions were combined to form an emulsion by dispersing the kerosene solution into small droplets within the aqueous phase with the assistance of oleic acid. The surfactant reduced the interfacial tension between the two solutions, facilitating the emulsification process and stabilizing the droplets formed. A comprehensive understanding of the variables that control to the formation and stability of emulsions is essential for their effective development. For this purpose, the stability of oil-in-water emulsions was evaluated by measuring droplet size, turbidity, zeta potential, surface tension, and conductivity. Improved emulsion stability was correlated with smaller droplet size, increased turbidity, and reduced surface tension. The results of this research have significant potential for a variety of industrial applications.
Robust inverse scattering analysis of discrete high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Yan Xue-Wei , Chen Yong , Wu Xin
Published: February 2024

In this study, we present the rigorous theory of the robust inverse scattering method for the discrete high-order nonlinear Schrödinger (HNLS) equation with a nonzero boundary condition (NZBC). Using the direct scattering problem, we deduce the analyticity, symmetries, and asymptotic behaviors of the Jost solutions and scattering matrix. We also formulate the inverse scattering problem using the matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP). Furthermore, utilizing the loop group theory, we construct the multi-fold Darboux transformation (DT) within the framework of the robust inverse scattering transform. Additionally, we develop the corresponding Bäcklund transformation (BT) to obtain the multi-fold lattice soliton solutions. To derive the high-order rational solutions, we further construct the high-order DT. Finally, we theoretically and graphically analyze these solutions, which exhibit lattice breather waves, W-shape lattice solitons, high-order lattice rogue waves (RW), and their interactions.
Review: Interactions between Coating Colour and Base Sheet in Pigment Coating
Authors:   Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden, Engström Gunnar
Published: February 2024

The literature on the interactions between the coating colour and the base sheet during the pigment coating of paper is reviewed in the order to summarize the current knowledge within the area. The review is focused on the processes of forming and consolidation and on how the coating colour interacts with the base sheet during these processes, and how this interaction affects coating hold-out, roughness and coating mass distribution. A coating layer which stays on the surface of the base sheet and which has a uniform mass distribution is desired. The research world disagrees on whether coating hold-out is a relevant problem. The reason is that there is little direct evidence in the literature on coating penetration. However, there are numerous indications of an indirect character which suggest that coating penetration exists, both in blade coating and in coating with the metered size press. The pressure pulse to which the coating colour is subjected in the applicator nip during blade coating or in the transfer nip in metered size press coating and the permeability of the base sheet are factors which are said to control coating penetration. There is concordance in the opinion that the uptake of the aqueous phase of the coating layer is an extremely rapid process and that this uptake releases stresses in the sheet and plasticizes it. The release of stresses leads to roughening of the sheet whereas the plasticization makes it compressible and smooth in a compressed state beneath the blade tip during the forming of the coating layer. Much attention has been given to the roughening and a number of extensive studies have been published about that. The studies on plasticization and sheet compressibility and how they affect the mass distribution of the final coating layer are fewer in number but non-existent. The roughening and plasticization of the sheet are reported to be different for woodfree and wood containing sheets, due not only to the different types of fibres in the sheets, but also to their different densities. Woodfree sheets, which are generally the densest, are considered to be dimensionally the most stable. A number of researchers have reported that the pre-calendering has a great influence on the roughening. Studies have shown that the calendering builds in transverse stresses into the sheet and, in the case of wood- containing sheets, closes the lumen of thick-walled fibres. During the coating operation, when the sheet takes up the aqueous phase from the coating colour, these stresses are released and the lumen is opened. Several researchers have shown that all the smoothening effect of the precalendering can be lost during the coating process.
Tension Wrinkling and Fluting in Heatset Web Offset Printing Process – Post-buckling Analyses
Authors:   Fibre Science and Communication Network (FSCN), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden, Kulachenko Artem , Gradin Per ,   Fibre Science and Communication Network (FSCN), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden, Uesaka Tetsu ,   Fibre Science and Communication Network (FSCN), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
Published: February 2024

Geometrically non-linear, large scale post-buckling analyses were carried out to investigate the influence of different parameters on residual waviness (fluting) after printing in a heat set web offset printing press. Mixed implicit-explicit finite element techniques were used in the analyses. The numerical procedure was verified by experimentally acquired data. Results show that when the paper web is perfectly flat before printing, fluting patterns after drying and moisture recovery generally have higher wavelength than those typically observed in fluted samples. Initial cockles of unprinted sheets were found to have impacts on the fluting patterns and amplitudes. Among the factors investigated, ink thickness and hygroexpansivity had significant influences on fluting: increasing these factors increased fluting amplitudes.
Review: Interaction between Offset Ink and Coated Paper – A Review of the Present Understanding
Authors:   STFI-Packforsk and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, Ström Göran
Published: February 2024

The printing speed of offset presses has increased significantly during the last decade and this puts increasing demands on the interaction between the paper and ink. Poor interaction may result in runnability problems and low quality of the printed product. The research in this area has been intensive during many years and the knowledge of important phenomena has been significantly improved, although a full understanding is still missing. This review concentrate on offset printing of coated paper with special focus on sheet-fed offset. Properties of coatings and composition of offset inks are briefly discussed. Some data on ink film thickness and its lateral distribution is presented. Ink setting is reviewed in some detail and the effect of important coating properties (e.g. porosity, pore size, latex properties) and ink properties (ink oil viscosity and surface tension) are discussed. The interaction between latex binder and ink oil is given special attention. The impact of coating structure and ink setting on print quality is covered in some details. The importance of ink filament formation and levelling as well as coating topography and ink film thickness on print gloss is well established. Recent findings on relations between mottle tendency and non-uniformity of coating structure and ink setting are included.
A Stochastic Structure Model for Predicting Sheet Consolidation and Print Uniformity
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada, Pointe-Claire, Qc, Canada, Drolet François , Uesaka Tetsu ,   Mid Sweden University, FSCN, Sundsvall, Sweden
Published: February 2024

The microscopic response of a paper sheet to compressive forces is of great importance in predicting print quality as well as the sheet structures developed in wet pressing and calendering. In this report, we propose a new compression model that preserves the entire three-dimensional, stochastic, fibre network structure. The model includes Z-directional deformation of fibres in both compressive and shear modes. Permanent deformation of each fibre (such as caused by fibre collapse) can be achieved by adjusting the stiffness of the fibre during compression or unloading. The stiffness of the plates can also be chosen to represent, for example, a hard printing plate, a blanket, or a soft-nip calendar cover. Although we still need to collect basic fibre stiffness data in order to perform quantitative comparisons between model predictions and experimental results, simulated structures already show typical features of consolidated paper sheets. As a first application, we study the contact mechanics between a printing plate and a model paper structure.
Quantitative Mottle Measurement Based on a Physical Model of the Spatial Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Visual System
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada (PAPRICAN), 570 Boulevard St-Jean, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, H9R 3J9, Canada, Cormier Lyne M.
Published: February 2024

Print non-uniformity, or mottle, is an important factor in print quality. The ultimate judge of print quality is the printer or print buyer, so print quality measurement should be representative of human perception. Most methods that are currently available to systematically quantify print mottle do not consider eye response in the calculation. Instead, the user has to select appropriate scales for the analysis by comparing with separate visual ranking experiments for each new set of prints. We developed a method to process digital images of mottled black prints to provide a mottle index that takes into account eye response. The mottle indices obtained for a range of paper and board grades were compared with the results of separate visual rating experiments, and there was very good agreement between them. The mottle index outperformed other parameters also used for the quantification of mottle. Based on these results, the mottle index is deemed reliable enough to decrease the need for separate visual assessments by panels. The mottle index algorithm removes the need for the operator to make subjective choices on the appropriate analysis scales for sample sets where print uniformity is the dominant quality criterion. The proposed mottle measurement method allows systematic and objective quantification of mottle. The method can easily be implemented to analyze test prints using the analysis software we developed, and an appropriate desktop scanner that will require calibration to relate the greyscale to reflectance values.
Review: Filler and Fines Retention in Papermaking
Authors:   Paprican/NSERC Industrial Research Chair, Department of Chemistry and Pulp & Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal QC Canada H3A 2A7, van de Ven Theo G.M.
Published: February 2024

On a paper machine the retention of fillers and fines during the first pass can be very different from the retention during a subsequent pass, because fillers and fines have much more time to interact in the short circulation loop than during the period between the injection of a retention aid and the forming section of the machine. Also in the short circulation loop reconformation of adsorbed polymer can occur, often reducing the flocculation efficiency of the polymer and interfering with subsequent adsorption. Thus for a meaningful modeling of retention on a paper machine first pass retention and second pass retention should be distinguished. Retention of fillers and fines can result from deposition on fibers, either freely suspended in the papermaking suspension or immobilized in the forming sheet, or by capturing fines and filler aggregates in the sheet by mechanical entrapment. Aggregates are more likely to be formed in the short circulation loop than on the paper machine. Effects of retention aids, detachment from fibers and the importance of polymer transfer are discussed.