bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite element based vibration analysis of functionally graded spinning shaft system
Authors: Gayen Debabrata , Roy Tarapada
Published: March 2014

The present work deals with the study of vibration and stability analysis of a functionally graded spinning shaft system using three-noded beam element based on the Timoshenko beam theory. Material properties are assumed to be graded in radial direction according to power law gradation. In the present analysis, the mixture of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and stainless steel (SUS304) has been considered as functionally graded material where metal (SUS304) content decreases towards the outer diameter of the shaft. The functionally graded shafts has been modeled as a Timoshenko beam, which contains discrete isotropic rigid disks supported by flexible bearing. The functionally graded shaft has been modeled based on first-order shear deformation beam theory with transverse shear deformation, rotary inertia, gyroscopic effect, strain and kinetic energy of shafts by adopting three-dimensional constitutive relations. The derivation of governing equations of motion has been obtained using Hamilton’s principle. Three-noded beam element with four degrees of freedom per node has been used to solve the govering equations. In this work, the effects of both internal viscous and hysteretic damping have also been incorporated in the finite element model. Various results have been obtained such as Campbell diagram, stability speed limit, damping ratio, and time responses for functionally graded shaft and also compared with conventional steel shaft. It has been found that the responses of the functionally graded spinning shaft are significantly influenced by material properties, radial thickness, power law gradient index, and internal (viscous and hysteretic) damping. The obtained results also show the advantages of functionally graded shaft over conventional steel shaft.
Facial Movements Strategically Camouflage Involuntary Social Signals of Face Morphology
Authors: Gill Daniel , Garrod Oliver G. B. , Jack Rachael E. , Schyns Philippe G.
Published: March 2014

Animals use social camouflage as a tool of deceit to increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction. We tested whether humans can also strategically deploy transient facial movements to camouflage the default social traits conveyed by the phenotypic morphology of their faces. We used the responses of 12 observers to create models of the dynamic facial signals of dominance, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. We applied these dynamic models to facial morphologies differing on perceived dominance, trustworthiness, and attractiveness to create a set of dynamic faces; new observers rated each dynamic face according to the three social traits. We found that specific facial movements camouflage the social appearance of a face by modulating the features of phenotypic morphology. A comparison of these facial expressions with those similarly derived for facial emotions showed that social-trait expressions, rather than being simple one-to-one overgeneralizations of emotional expressions, are a distinct set of signals composed of movements from different emotions. Our generative face models represent novel psychophysical laws for social sciences; these laws predict the perception of social traits on the basis of dynamic face identities.
Virchow’s triad: Kussmaul, Quincke and von Recklinghausen
Authors: Stanifer John W
Published: March 2014

For most of the 19th century, Germany was the centre of the medical world. From there the most innovating research came and many of the physicians of that era are known to nearly every medical student and physician of today. Virchow, Kussmaul, Quincke, von Recklinghausen, Müller and Schönlein are familiar names in today’s medicine but insofar as they are merely eponyms associated with signs, symptoms, disease and anatomy. The story of their lives, their research and their influence on each other has been little examined. This is an essay about Virchow’s relationship with his mentors Müller and Schönlein and how these relationships shaped the development of Kussmaul, Quincke and von Recklinghausen as students of Virchow and their work in medicine and clinical observation after leaving Virchow’s laboratory.
Edward Flatau (1868–1932), Samual Goldflam (1852–1932) and Józef Babinski (1857–1932): Polish pioneers in neurology
Authors: Gutowski Jonathan M
Published: March 2014

Flatau, Goldflam and Babinski originated from the Russian area of partitioned Poland in the 19th century and knew each other. Each contributed significantly to neurology at a time of adversity in Polish academic life because of the political situation. This paper in the main is centred on Flatau and Goldflam; Babinski, the most recognised of the three, is included for comparison. They all died in 1932, when Poland had been an independent sovereignty since the end of the First World War in 1918.
Vallejo-Nágera (1926–1990) and the concept of ‘soteric neurosis’: a forgotten sketch of hoarding disorder in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum literature
Authors: Fontenelle Leonardo F
Published: March 2014

Juan Antonio Vallejo-Nágera, psychiatrist, painter and writer, wrote a widely adopted textbook of psychiatry in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries, particularly during the 1970s, the famous Introducción a la psiquiatría. There, he advanced the concept of soteric neurosis, a condition regarded as a ‘mirror image’ of phobias and similar to the diagnostic entity described in DSM-5 under the heading of hoarding disorder. Indeed, much earlier than the recent nosological discussions on hoarding, Vallejo-Nágera already reported soteric neurosis to be distinct from obsessive-compulsive disorder and to be associated with excessive attachment to objects and positive affect (pleasure), leading to accumulation, decreased treatment seeking, increasing interference in daily activities and blurred boundaries with normality. Vallejo-Nágera also made several predictions, including the propensity soteric neurosis patients may have towards the development of separation anxiety, obesity and other ‘masked’ symptoms. In the light of his original and insightful contributions to the concept of hoarding disorder, it would be interesting to assess his hypotheses in future studies.
A theoretical framework for the analysis of the current global economic crisis: The financial market and the real economy
Authors: Sarımehmet Duman Özgün
Published: March 2014

This article argues that the current global economic crisis is an outcome of the excessive growth of the financial market over the real economy, and hence, of fictitious profits over real profits. In investigating the interrelation between the financial market and the real economy, it makes a comparative inquiry into two key assertions regarding economic crisis within Marxism: the tendency for the rate of profit to fall and overaccumulation of capital. Accepting the claim that economic crisis is inherent to capitalism, this article probes the role of countervailing tendencies in battling the tendency for the rate of profit to fall. While crisis is an outcome of both the extensive growth of fictitious profits and the tendency for the rate of profit to fall, the latter is identified as the fundamental reason for the current crisis. Labour market reforms that were implemented following the emergence of the economic crisis represent the resurgence of countervailing tendencies and are the most explicit evidence that the fundamental reason for the crisis resides in the real economy.
Analysis of a Support Group for Children of Parents With Mental Illnesses
Authors: Gladstone Brenda M. , McKeever Patricia , Seeman Mary , Boydell Katherine M.
Published: March 2014

We report an ethnographic analysis of a psycho-education and peer-support program for school-aged children of parents with mental illnesses. We conducted a critical discourse analysis of the program manual and observed group interactions to understand whether children shared program goals predetermined by adults, and how, or if, the intervention was responsive to their needs. Children were expected to learn mental illness information because “knowledge is power,” and to express difficult feelings about being a child of a mentally ill parent that was risky. Participants used humor to manage group expectations, revealing how they made sense of their parents’ problems, as well as their own. Suggestions are made for determining good mental health literacy based on children’s preferences for explaining circumstances in ways they find relevant, and for supporting children’s competencies to manage relationships that are important to them.
The Role of Rivaroxaban in Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Reddy Prabashni , Giugliano Robert P.
Published: March 2014

Rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is a novel oral anticoagulant approved for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and also approved in Europe (but not in the United States) to prevent recurrent ischemic events in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes. Advantages of rivaroxaban over oral anticoagulants such as warfarin are the lack of need for ongoing monitoring, a fixed-dose regimen, and fewer drug and food interactions. Drawbacks include a lack of an antidote and the absence of a widely available method to reliably monitor the anticoagulant effect. In patients at risk of stroke due to atrial fibrillation, rivaroxaban was noninferior compared to warfarin in preventing stroke/systemic embolism in the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET-AF) trial and was associated with a similar risk of major bleeding; the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was 33% lower with rivaroxaban. Concerns raised about the trial were the adequacy of warfarin management and the increase in event rate at the end of the trial. The drug acquisition cost of rivaroxaban is higher than that of warfarin although decision-analytic models suggest that it is cost effective in atrial fibrillation. In patients with recent acute coronary syndrome, low-dose rivaroxaban reduced mortality and the composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction and stroke, but this was accompanied by an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage and major bleeding in the Rivaroxaban in Combination With Aspirin Alone or With Aspirin and a Thienopyridine in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (ATLAS ACS 2-TIMI) 51 trial. Thus, rivaroxaban appears to be a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in atrial fibrillation although caution should be exercised, given the limited experience in combination with novel oral antiplatelet agents. The role of rivaroxaban as part of a modern regimen in acute coronary syndrome continues to be evaluated.
Applying the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model to Examine Support for Climate Change Mitigation Policy
Authors: Yang Z. Janet , Rickard Laura N. , Harrison Teresa M. , Seo Mihye
Published: March 2014

This study applies the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model to examine how information processing influences individuals’ support for climate change mitigation policy. Perceived issue salience, attitude toward climate information, and systematic processing are positively related to policy support, whereas heuristic processing is not a significant predictor. The direct and indirect relationships illustrated in the model help expand the utility of the risk information seeking and processing model to address policy support. From an applied perspective, this study suggests important pathways to encourage systematic processing of information related to climate change, which may lead to increased public support for mitigation policies.
Identifying Male Sexual Offender Subtypes Using Cluster Analysis and the Static-2002R
Authors: Ennis Liam , Buro Karen , Jung Sandy
Published: March 2014

This study examines whether clinically meaningful subgroups could be identified within a large, undifferentiated group of convicted adult male sex offenders. Of eight cluster analyses, a reliable three-cluster solution emerged based on the subscores of the Static-2002R with 345 sex offenders. To establish the validity of the emergent clusters, the three groups of offenders were compared on four domains: criminal history, psychosexual development, sexual attitudes and interests, and recidivism. The findings revealed meaningful differences among the group, and the implications of subgroup membership is discussed in terms of risk, treatment, and supervision.
Analyzing power efficiency of optimization techniques and algorithm design methods for applications on heterogeneous platforms
Authors: Ukidave Yash , Ziabari Amir Kavyan , Mistry Perhaad , Schirner Gunar , Kaeli David
Published: March 2014

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have become widely accepted as the computing platform of choice in many high performance computing domains. The availability of programming standards such as OpenCL are used to leverage the inherent parallelism offered by GPUs. Source code optimizations such as loop unrolling and tiling when targeted to heterogeneous applications have reported large gains in performance. However, given the power consumption of GPUs, platforms can exhaust their power budgets quickly. Better solutions are needed to effectively exploit the power-efficiency available on heterogeneous systems. In this work, we evaluate the power/performance efficiency of different optimizations used on heterogeneous applications. We analyze the power/performance trade-off by evaluating energy consumption of the optimizations. We compare the performance of different optimization techniques on four different fast Fourier transform implementations. Our study covers discrete GPUs, shared memory GPUs (APUs) and low power system-on-chip (SoC) devices, and includes hardware from AMD (Llano APUs and the Southern Islands GPU), Nvidia (Kepler), Intel (Ivy Bridge) and Qualcomm (Snapdragon S4) as test platforms. The study identifies the architectural and algorithmic factors which can most impact power consumption. We explore a range of application optimizations which show an increase in power consumption by 27%, but result in more than 1.8 × increase in speed of performance. We observe up to an 18% reduction in power consumption due to reduced kernel calls across FFT implementations. We also observe an 11% variation in energy consumption among different optimizations. We highlight how different optimizations can improve the execution performance of a heterogeneous application, but also impact the power efficiency of the application. More importantly, we demonstrate that different algorithms implementing the same fundamental function (FFT) can perform with vast differences based on the target hardware and associated application design.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in a cat with a putative Rathke’s cleft cyst
Authors: DeMonaco Stefanie M , Koch Michael W , Southard Teresa L
Published: March 2014

An 11-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for anorexia, lethargy and weight loss of 6 days’ duration. Bilateral mydriasis, absent menace response, slow-to-absent pupillary light reflexes, bilateral retinal detachment, intermittent horizontal nystagmus, intermittent ventral strabismus and systemic hypertension were present. Biochemical analysis revealed severe hyponatremia, severe hypochloremia and mild hypokalemia. Multifocal central nervous system disease was suspected based on optic, trigeminal sensory (ophthalmic branch), vestibulocochlear and possible oculomotor nerve dysfunction. Thoracic radiographs showed mild cardiomegaly without evidence of congestive heart failure. Ultrasound revealed mild pleural and peritoneal effusion. A cause of the severe hyponatremia was not identified, and it persisted despite fluid therapy. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was suspected as the cause of hyponatremia. Humane euthanasia was elected owing to continued clinical decline. Serum hyposmolality, urine hyperosmolality, natriuresis and lack of confirmed renal, thyroid and pulmonary disease aided in the presumed diagnosis of SIADH. Post-mortem histopathology of the brain revealed degeneration of the hypothalamus and optic tracts, along with a prominent fluid-filled craniopharyngeal duct (putative Rathke’s cleft cyst) separating the pars distalis and the pars intermedius. The hypothalamic degeneration, possibly secondary to a Rathke’s cleft cyst, was hypothesized to be the cause of presumptive SIADH in the patient. Although rare in occurrence, Rathke’s cleft cyst should be included as a differential diagnosis in dogs and cats with signs of pituitary dysfunction.
The management of food cravings and thirst in hemodialysis patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Yu Junhong , Ng Hui J , Nandakumar Mooppil , Griva Konstadina
Published: March 2014

This study set out to explore the experience of food cravings and thirst, and their management strategies in patients on hemodialysis. Semi-structured interviews with N = 32 hemodialysis patients were analyzed thematically. Findings indicated that food cravings and thirst were common in everyday life of patients and resulted in different emotional responses. A combination of cognitive and behavioral strategies was employed, including avoidance, controlled consumption, and substitution. Self-monitoring and compensatory strategies were also used to prevent or compensate for lapses. These findings lay the groundwork for future work aimed to improve adherence in end-stage renal disease patients.
Private security regimes: Conceptualizing the forces that shape the private delivery of security
Authors: Dupont Benoit
Published: March 2014

There is as much diversity within the private security industry as there are differences between public and private security providers. Whereas comparisons of the two modes of delivery have kept criminologists and economists fairly busy over the years, internal variations have not attracted the same level of interest. In the current environment, binary classifications such as the public/private security dichotomy might be too generic to capture the broad spectrum of unique security arrangements being adopted by various organizations. The aim of this article is therefore to offer an alternative conceptual framework that can account for the broad range of mechanisms responsible for the diversity of private security arrangements observed in late modern societies. The term ‘security regime’ defines the convergence of internal forces and environmental constraints that determine the conditions under which security is produced and exchanged by an organization. The four key dimensions (focus, risks, utility and constraints) that characterize a specific security regime were identified from interviews conducted with more than 50 security managers. The security regime approach should expand our knowledge of the various causes that facilitate, empower or hinder public–private relationships.
Sulfation and lean/rich desulfation of a NOx storage reduction catalyst: Experimental and simulation study
Authors: Lafossas Francois-Alexandre , Manetas Christos , Mohammadi Ali , Kalogirou Maria , Koltsakis Grigorios , Samaras Zissis , Iida Masahide , Inoue Mikio
Published: March 2014

A detailed study of the sulfation and desulfation phenomena of a NOx storage reduction catalyst using synthetic gas bench is presented. The experimental observations and results were put together, in order to develop a model, which can simulate the NOx storage reduction catalyst behavior during the sulfation and desulfation conditions. The target is to use the model for simulation of the lean/rich desulfation strategies, in order to comprehend the complicated phenomena and ultimately predict the sulfur speciation at the outlet of the NOx storage reduction catalyst. Sulfation tests in the presence and in the absence of O2 at different temperatures were conducted, in order to identify the different sulfation sites. Desulfation tests with constantly rich conditions and lean/rich oscillation, using H2 as the reducing gas, were performed in order to investigate the reaction pathways of the decomposition of the sulfates. Additionally, some preliminary investigation was performed using CO and decane in the reducing gas mixture, in order to evaluate the NOx storage reduction behavior under more realistic gas composition for diesel exhaust gas. The important role of the accurate prediction of sulfur axial distribution at the desulfation onset was identified. It was found that cerium oxides play a critical role in the sulfation process by increasing the sulfur capacity of the NOx storage reduction catalyst. Finally, it was clarified that the oxygen stored on cerium oxides strongly affects the selectivity of the desulfation products by oxidizing H2S and controlling H2 availability.
Test–retest reliability of peripheral arterial tonometry in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Sauder Katherine A , West Sheila G , McCrea Cindy E , Campbell Janice M , Jenkins Alexandra L , Jenkins David JA , Kendall Cyril WC
Published: March 2014

Endothelial dysfunction is an important contributor to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, routine assessment via angiography or flow-mediated dilation is difficult due to technical limitations. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) is a promising alternative method for non-invasive assessment of endothelial dysfunction. This study assessed the test–retest reliability of PAT in adults with the metabolic syndrome (n = 20) and provides sample size and power estimates for study design. Participants completed five PAT tests each separated by 1 week. The PAT-derived reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) showed robust repeatability (intra-class correlation = 0.74). A parallel-arm study powered at 0.90 would require 22 participants to detect an absolute change in RHI of 0.40 units (equal to ~25% change in this sample), whereas a crossover study would require 12 participants. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that PAT can be used to assess endothelial dysfunction in adults with the metabolic syndrome as reliably as in healthy samples.
Does gender affect asthma control in adult asthmatics?
Authors: Dursun Adile Berna , Kurt Ozlem Kar , Bayiz Hulya , Ozkan Emre , Cakaloglu Aslihan , Karasoy Durdu
Published: March 2014

Several studies have shown gender differences in prevalence of asthma but there is little information about asthma control. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of gender on asthma control in adult asthmatics. Medical records of 242 patients older than 18 years of age who regularly visited the allergy unit were evaluated. Standardized asthma questionnaires like the asthma control test (ACT) were performed. ACT scores, clinical characteristics, and demographic data such as smoking status, education, duration and severity of asthma, atopic status, family history of asthma, analgesic hypersensitivity, number of emergency visits, and hospitalization in the previous year were compared based on gender. In this study, 77.3% of the patients were female. Mean age, body mass index, and duration of asthma were 39.0 ± 0.7, 27.3 ± 0.3, and 6.6 ± 0.4 years, respectively. Of the total, 14.9% of the patients were smokers. Also, 55.8% of them were graduated from middle school, 22.7% from high school, and 14% from university. Atopy rate was 57%. Analgesic hypersensitivity was found in 18.6% of them. There was 30.2% family history of asthma. The asthma severity was mild in 45.5%, moderate in 40.9%, and severe in 13.6% of the patients. One-third of the patients were admitted to emergency room; 1/10th were hospitalized due to asthma in the previous year. ACT scores indicated complete control in 67.8%, partial control in 17.8%, and uncontrolled asthma in 14.5%. Comparing the results of males with females having asthma, there was no statistically significant difference between the two gender according to ACT scores and clinical characteristics. Finally, the results conclude that there was no effect of gender on asthma control assessed with standardized questionnaire in adult asthmatics.
Patient Turnover and Nursing Employment in Massachusetts Hospitals Before and After Health Insurance Reform: Implications for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Authors: Shindul-Rothschild Judith , Gregas Matt
Published: March 2014

The Affordable Care Act is modeled after Massachusetts insurance reforms enacted in 2006. A linear mixed effect model examined trends in patient turnover and nurse employment in Massachusetts, New York, and California nonfederal hospitals from 2000 to 2011. The linear mixed effect analysis found that the rate of increase in hospital admissions was significantly higher in Massachusetts hospitals ( p < .001) than that in California and New York ( p = .007). The rate of change in registered nurses full-time equivalent hours per patient day was significantly less ( p = .02) in Massachusetts than that in California and was not different from zero. The rate of change in admissions to registered nurses full-time equivalent hours per patient day was significantly greater in Massachusetts than California ( p = .001) and New York ( p < .01). Nurse staffing remained flat in Massachusetts, despite a significant increase in hospital admissions. The implications of the findings for nurse employment and hospital utilization following the implementation of national health insurance reform are discussed.
Patient-Centered Medical Home Model: Do School-Based Health Centers Fit the Model?
Authors: Larson Satu A. , Chapman Susan A.
Published: March 2014

School-based health centers (SBHCs) are an important component of health care reform. The SBHC model of care offers accessible, continuous, comprehensive, family-centered, coordinated, and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents. These same elements comprise the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model of care being promoted by the Affordable Care Act with the hope of lowering health care costs by rewarding clinicians for primary care services. PCMH survey tools have been developed to help payers determine whether a clinician/site serves as a PCMH. Our concern is that current survey tools will be unable to capture how a SBHC may provide a medical home and therefore be denied needed funding. This article describes how SBHCs might meet the requirements of one PCMH tool. SBHC stakeholders need to advocate for the creation or modification of existing survey tools that allow the unique characteristics of SBHCs to qualify as PCMHs.
Filtration performance of cigarette filter tip containing electrospun nanofibrous filter
Authors: Molaeipour Yousef , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Bahrami Hajir
Published: March 2014

Nanofibrous filters made of electrospun nanofibers are used in different types of filtration. In this study, nanofibrous filters comprising of electrospun filter media between two nonwoven layers were placed in cigarette filter tip and the performance of the new filter was assessed. Electrospinning conditions were varied to achieve ultrafine cellulose acetate nanofibers for this purpose. Nanofibers of different diameters and different layer thickness (based on unit area weight) were used. Tar removal efficiency increased by increasing the unit area weight of filter media. Nanofibrous filter containing nanofibers with a mean diameter of 280 nm increased efficiency from 47.7 to 71.6% for filter tip and efficiency sharply decreased by increasing the diameter of nanofibers. Double layer electrospun filter media showed higher efficiency and lower pressure drop than those of single one with the same unit area weight. Tar removal efficiency increased significantly by using nanofibrous filters, whereas the pressure drop was not affected severely. On the other hand, tar/nicotine ratio reduced.
Autoimmune pancreatitis: pathogenesis, latest developments and clinical guidance
Authors: Okazaki Kazuichi , Uchida Kazushige , Sumimoto Kimi , Mitsuyama Toshiyuki , Ikeura Tsukasa , Takaoka Makoto
Published: March 2014

Recently, autoimmune pancreatitis has been classified into two subtypes. Type 1 is related to immunoglobulin G4 and type 2 is related to granulocytic epithelial lesions, but pathogenetic mechanisms in both still remain unclear. Apart from type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis, the pathological features of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis with increased serum immunoglobulin G4/immunoglobulin E levels, abundant infiltration of immunoglobulin G4+plasmacytes and lymphocytes, fibrosis, and steroid responsiveness are suggestive of abnormal immunity such as allergy or autoimmunity. Although pathophysiological conditions seem to be different in each, both respond well to steroid drugs. After remission, the patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis show high relapse rates (30–50% within 6–12 months), whereas those with type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis seldom relapse. After remission, the steroid maintenance therapy and therapeutic strategy for relapsing patients with type 1 is different among local expertise. In this paper, recent advances in pathogenesis and clinical guidance for therapy are discussed.
Cleaning and re-using intermittent self catheters: a questionnaire to gauge patient’s perceptions and prejudices
Authors: Moore KC , Lester M , Robinson E , Bagulay N , Pearce I
Published: March 2014

Introduction:

An estimated 60,000 people in the UK are currently performing some form of intermittent catheterisation, using 57.5 million catheters yearly. Current policy in the UK is to utilise single use, disposable catheters: however, this is not worldwide policy as repeated catheter use is common in many nations. The aim of this study was to determine UK patients’ views on re-using catheters and their willingness to re-use catheters.

Method:

Patients attending the clean intermittent self catheterisation [CISC]/urethral dilatation (UD) clinic over an eight-month period were asked to prospectively complete a standard, anonymous questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 100 questionnaires were returned, of which two-thirds were from men. Mean age was 61 years, (median 63 years). Indications for CISC/UD were urethral or meatal stenosis (7%), urethral stricture (25%) and residual volume in (67%). The majority of patients (71%) are unwilling to reuse catheters. Women were statistically very significantly more likely to refuse to re-use their catheters, ( p<0.01, Fisher’s exact test). Patients aged 70 years and older were significantly more likely to agree to re-use their catheters compared to those under 70 years, ( p=0.02, Fisher’s exact test). Patients performing intermittent self catheterisation [ISC] up to a maximum of twice per day were statistically more likely to agree to catheter re-use, ( p=0.03, Fisher’s exact test). Risk of infection was the main reason cited (by 87%) to not re-use a catheter. Lack of lubrication and less convenience were other quoted reasons. Finances and less waste were stated reasons to re-use catheters.

Conclusions:

Certain patient cohorts, men, patients over 70 years old and those performing CISC/UD less than three times daily are significantly more likely to agree to catheter re-usage.
School Shooters
Authors: Bonanno Caitlin M. , Levenson Richard L.
Published: March 2014

Situations involving active shooters in schools have increased in recent years. We define an “active shooter incident” as an occurrence where one or more individuals participate in an ongoing, random, or systematic shooting spree with the objective of multiple or mass murders. Attempts to build a profile of active school shooters have been unsuccessful to date, although there is some evidence to suggest that mental instability, social isolation, a self-perception of catastrophic loss, and access to weapons play a role in the identification of the shooter in a school shooting incident. This article details theories and after-the-fact findings of investigations on previous school shooters, and we offer an application of Levin and Madfis’s Five Stage Sequential Model to Adam Lanza, the perpetrator of the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in December, 2012. Prevention strategies, suggestions for positive school climates, school security for the physical plants, and threat assessments are discussed, and implications for future research are offered.
Formulation of a Success Model in Pharmaceutical R&D
Authors: Kim Hyunju Rachel
Published: March 2014

Recently, pharmaceutical R&D has been demanded to increase productivity in terms of time efficiency and innovation as well. There have been discontinuous challenges coming up in this industry, such as globalized R&D competition, stricter regulation, lengthy process of clinical trials, and so on. Considering external changes, high competition, and discontinuities in the industry, it is a good time to redefine the concept of success in pharmaceutical R&D. Thus, this article attempts to formulate a new success model in pharmaceutical R&D, through contextualizing the industry’s success factors.
Learning Styles and Online Discussion Posts
Authors: Rau Herbert
Published: March 2014

Scholars have suggested models proposing a variety of learning styles for humans. Human Dynamics is one such model, and it has been suggested within its model that one style of learning is enhanced by discussion among learners. While this style of learning may be accomplished relatively easily in an on-campus person-to-person situation, it is not clear how a discussion mode (online posts) of learning might be accomplished in an online format. A study of more than 9,000 posts from 240 students in 11 different online classes was conducted to determine whether differences in online discussion posts by individuals with different learning styles were evident. Results of the study suggest that discussion post activity, if managed with suitable rubrics and guiding principles, and augmented by appropriate modeling behavior, is an effective teaching mode for all dynamics, but seem to be a more successful learning mode for individuals of Physically Centered dynamics.
The glutaminase activity of l-asparaginase is not required for anticancer activity against ASNS-negative cells
Authors: Chan Wai Kin , Lorenzi Philip L. , Anishkin Andriy , Purwaha Preeti , Rogers David M. , Sukharev Sergei , Rempe Susan B. , Weinstein John N.
Published: March 2014

Key Points

We used molecular dynamics, saturation mutagenesis, and enzymologic screening to develop a glutaminase-free mutant (Q59L) l-ASP. We then used Q59L to show that glutaminase activity is not required for l-ASP activity against ASNS-negative cancer cells.
MerTK-mediated engulfment of pyrenocytes by central macrophages in erythroblastic islands
Authors: Toda Satoshi , Segawa Katsumori , Nagata Shigekazu
Published: March 2014

Key Points

An in vitro system for the engulfment of pyrenocytes was established using erythroblastic islands. MerTK, a receptor kinase, was essential for the engulfment of pyrenocytes by the central macrophages at erythroblastic islands.
The European initiative for quality management in lung cancer care
Authors: Blum Torsten G. , Rich Anna , Baldwin David , Beckett Paul , De Ruysscher Dirk , Faivre-Finn Corinne , Gaga Mina , Gamarra Fernando , Grigoriu Bogdan , Hansen Niels C.G. , Hubbard Richard , Huber Rudolf Maria , Jakobsen Erik , Jovanovic Dragana , Konsoulova Assia , Kollmeier Jens , Massard Gilbert , McPhelim John , Meert Anne-Pascale , Milroy Robert , Paesmans Marianne , Peake Mick , Putora Paul-Martin , Scherpereel Arnaud , Schönfeld Nicolas , Sitter Helmut , Skaug Knut , Spiro Stephen , Strand Trond-Eirik , Taright Samya , Thomas Michael , van Schil Paul E. , Vansteenkiste Johan F. , Wiewrodt Rainer , Sculier Jean-Paul
Published: March 2014

Lung cancer is the commonest cause of cancer-related death worldwide and poses a significant respiratory disease burden. Little is known about the provision of lung cancer care across Europe. The overall aim of the Task Force was to investigate current practice in lung cancer care across Europe.

The Task Force undertook four projects: 1) a narrative literature search on quality management of lung cancer; 2) a survey of national and local infrastructure for lung cancer care in Europe; 3) a benchmarking project on the quality of (inter)national lung cancer guidelines in Europe; and 4) a feasibility study of prospective data collection in a pan-European setting.

There is little peer-reviewed literature on quality management in lung cancer care. The survey revealed important differences in the infrastructure of lung cancer care in Europe. The European guidelines that were assessed displayed wide variation in content and scope, as well as methodological quality but at the same time there was relevant duplication. The feasibility study demonstrated that it is, in principle, feasible to collect prospective demographic and clinical data on patients with lung cancer. Legal obligations vary among countries.

The European Initiative for Quality Management in Lung Cancer Care has provided the first comprehensive snapshot of lung cancer care in Europe.
The effect of smoking on spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones
Authors: Fazlioglu Adem , Salman Yilmaz , Tandogdu Zafer , Kurtulus Fatih Osman , Bas Serap , Cek Mete
Published: March 2014

Background

Animal studies have shown that nicotine affects the peristalsis of the ureter. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of smoking on spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones.

Methods

88 patients in whom distal ureteral stone below 10 mm diameter diagnosed with helical computerized tomography enhanced images were reviewed. Patients were grouped as either smokers (n:33) or non smokers (n:50). Follow-up for spontaneous passage of stones was limited with 4 weeks. Patients did not receive any additional medical treatment other than non-steroid anti inflamatory drugs only during painful renal colic episodes.

Two groups were compared with the chi-square test in terms of passing the stone or not. Stone passage was confirmed with either the patient collecting the stone during urination or by helical CT.

Results

Smoking habits was present in 30(34%) patients and the frequency in both groups were similar (smokers: 23(76%) vs non-smokers: 46(79%)). Spontaneous passage of the stone was observed in 69(78%) patients. The two groups were comparable in terms of patien age, male to female ratio and stone size. Stone passage decreased as stone diameter increased. Total stone passage rates were similar in both groups (smokers: 76% vs. non-smokers: 79%) (p > 0.05). Passage of stones > 4 mm was observed in 46% and 67% of smokers and non-smokers respectively. However passage of stones with a diameter ≤ 4 mm were similar in both groups (smokers: 100% vs non-smokers: 92%) (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Smoking has neither a favorable nor un-favorable effect on spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones. However, spontaneous passage rates in patients with a stone diameter > 4 mm was lower in smokers. These results should be further confirmed with studies including larger numbers of patients.
Capillary-driven surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic chip for abrin detection
Authors: Yang Hao , Deng Min , Ga Shan , Chen Shouhui , Kang Lin , Wang Junhong , Xin Wenwen , Zhang Tao , You Zherong , An Yuan , Wang Jinglin , Cui Daxiang
Published: March 2014

Herein, we firstly demonstrate the design and the proof-of-concept use of a capillary-driven surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic chip for abrin detection. The micropillar array substrate was etched and coated with a gold film by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process to integrate into a lateral flow test strip. The detection of abrin solutions of various concentrations was performed by the as-prepared microfluidic chip. It was shown that the correlation between the abrin concentration and SERS signal was found to be linear within the range of 0.1 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL. Our microfluidic chip design enhanced the operability of SERS-based immunodiagnostic techniques, significantly reducing the complication and cost of preparation as compared to previous SERS-based works. Meanwhile, this design proved the superiority to conventional lateral flow test strips in respect of both sensitivity and quantitation and showed great potential in the diagnosis and treatment for abrin poisoning as well as on-site screening of abrin-spiked materials.
A refined affine approximation method of multiplication for range analysis in word-length optimization
Authors: Sun Ruiyi , Zhang Yan , Cui Aijiao
Published: March 2014

Affine arithmetic (AA) is widely used in range analysis in word-length optimization of hardware designs. To reduce the uncertainty in the AA and achieve efficient and accurate range analysis of multiplication, this paper presents a novel refined affine approximation method, Approximation Affine based on Space Extreme Estimation (AASEE). The affine form of multiplication is divided into two parts. The first part is the approximate affine form of the operation. In the second part, the equivalent affine form of the estimated range of the difference, which is introduced by the approximation, is represented by an extra noise symbol. In AASEE, it is proven that the proposed approximate affine form is the closest to the result of multiplication based on linear geometry. The proposed equivalent affine form of AASEE is more accurate since the extreme value theory of multivariable functions is used to minimize the difference between the result of multiplication and the approximate affine form. The computational complexity of AASEE is the same as that of trivial range estimation (AATRE) and lower than that of Chebyshev approximation (AACHA). The proposed affine form of multiplication is demonstrated with polynomial approximation, B-splines, and multivariate polynomial functions. In experiments, the average of the ranges derived by AASEE is 59% and 89% of that by AATRE and AACHA, respectively. The integer bits derived by AASEE are 2 and 1 b less than that by AATRE and AACHA at most, respectively.
Web 2.0 as Applied to the Point-Rating Systems of Student Achievement Evaluation
Authors: Асоян Тигран , Asoyan Tigran , Погодин Александр , Pogodin Aleksandr , Горбов Леонид , Gorbov Leonid , Щиканов Алексей , Shchikanov Aleksey , Новикова Наталья , Novikova Natalya , Бобкова Наталья , Bobkova Natalya
Published: March 2014

With the process of European Integration of Higher education under way and the Russian Federation

building up social, political, economic and cultural relations with its European partners, the development

of intraurban, domestic and international academic mobility of Russian HE student is gaining momentum,

attracting increasing numbers of HE institutions.

The article analyses student academic mobility, focusing on the concepts of ‘mobility’ and ‘academic

mobility’ as well as the students’ stance on academic mobility and the state policy in regard to the

phenomenon. The author researches the dynamics of the Russian State University of Tourism and Service student participation in mobility schemes and presents the data collected in the course of a theme pilot testing

surveying undergraduate and post-graduate students of the targeted university.
The Rationale for Distance Learning in the Russian Federation
Authors: Исаев Роман , Isaev Roman
Published: March 2014

The article analyses the essence of on-line learning and the process of developing distance learning

technologies in the Russian Federation. The author considers the principal issues of the relevant technology

implementation and suggests ways of potential problem identification.
How Learning Outcomes Assessment Contributes to the Degree of Anxiety Among Seventh and Eighth Graders
Authors: Селищева  , Selishcheva Elena
Published: March 2014

The concept of school anxiety, its structural components and contributing factors are considered. Specific features of adolescent age are analyzed,

meaning that adolescence is the age of the highest proneness to school anxiety emergence. The rationale is provided for the system of learning

outcomes assessment currently employed as one of the factors contributing to the degree of adolescents’ anxiety. The author also reveals the findings of

comparative analysis of this factor among learners at schools with criterial and with standardized learning outcomes assessment systems and presents

evidence, that the criterial system is more effective and substantially influences on the degree of anxiety among secondary school learners.
Enhancing the process of idea generation in Hong Kong Chinese university students: The Fashion Visual Merchandising experience
Authors: Law Derry , Yip Joanne , Wong Christina , Cheung Mei-Chun
Published: March 2014

The provision of skills to students for developing new ideas is important in design education. Success depends on the teaching method and the learning style of the students. Chinese students tend to refer to perceived standards, such as the use of typical and usual ideas in their creative thinking, which makes it difficult for them to generate new design ideas. By using an integrated technique, which consists of a customized assignment, visual learning platform and online virtual interactive display library, the process by which students in this study generate ideas has been explored. The need for aesthetic congruity in the elements of design ideas is an important factor that influences the Hong Kong Chinese students’ generation of new design ideas. The application of an integrated technique was found to reduce the degree of aesthetic congruence and encourage students to explore ideas in more depth. Finally, insights on the idea generation of Hong Kong Chinese students are discussed.
Review
Authors: Caddis Mike
Published: March 2014

The Dynamics of Fashion, Elaine Stone, 4th ed. (2013) UK: Bloomsbury, h/bk, ISBN 9781-1-60901-500-8, £60.00, 305 × 229mm.
Living artists: Identity, independence and engagement in Fine Art learning
Authors: Logan Cheri
Published: March 2014

This article reports on recent research that aimed to identify what Fine Art students learn and how they learn. The study focused on a suite of courses accessible to a qualitative, empirical approach and was informed by contemporary perspectives on learning and knowledge, including sociocultural and situated learning theories. The discussion articulates the links between knowledge and learning in Fine Art, identifying the domain’s values and specialist pedagogies as well as the learner attributes fostered. Fine Art education was found to have particular strengths in: developing learner identities; personalizing learning to support independence; and promoting student engagement. These attributes are developed by participation in the Fine Art community of practice, which fosters the dispositional knowledge underpinning artistic identity. The specialist pedagogies involved are likely to be of wider interest to the higher education (HE) sector, as the strategies that support student engagement, independence and self-responsibility are potentially transferable.
A brave new creativity
Authors: Welch Donald , Loy Jennifer
Published: March 2014

Anyone who has taught design in higher education for any length of time knows that the parameters of their work have changed. Design is no longer industry based, but seen as an approach, an attitude, with ways of thinking that can contribute to all programmes across the university system. Ensuring that this new cohort are engaged in authentic, complex problem-based learning and empowered in that learning is a challenge in itself but one of the most important teaching issues is how to instil genuinely creative thinking in students tackling ‘messy’ [i.e. ‘wicked’] problems, unencumbered by the attitudes and approaches of the past. This article discusses the difficulties in achieving the creative learning aims involved, highlights areas that are yet to be resolved and suggests the use of a cognitive apprenticeship model combined with a practical, incremental teaching and assessment model of creativity as a contribution to the way forward.