bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Staff Evaluation Process
Authors: Weaver John
Published: April 2015

Objectively evaluating laboratory staff is a very difficult task. Variations in supported equipment, student performance, and process sensitivity prevent the use of direct, objective criteria in employee performance measurement. These factors are multiplied in research facilities, where equipment uptime and process performance measurements are not easily determined. Supervisors, therefore, must apply more subjective techniques in staff evaluation, which often results in the perception of inequity. This paper presents a rigorous evaluation process that utilizes significant employee participation to address this issue of perceived inequity.

The process utilizes five areas of evaluation: Goals and Accountability; Job Performance; Individual Characteristics; Aspirations and Assistance; and Employee Feedback. These areas, applied through an employee self-evaluation followed by direct interaction between employee and supervisor, serve as discussion points as well as a means of performance documentation. While still primarily subjective in nature, the process significantly reduces any perception of unfairness and allows the employee to document issues for future reference. Introduced six years ago at the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue University, the process has undergone numerous tweaks and enhancements leading to the version documented in this paper.
Anatomy of a HALT
Authors: Schwab Harry
Published: April 2015

A Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT) consists of much more than simply subjecting a product to extreme environments to discern potential design weaknesses. Before testing, careful attention must be paid to planning, hardware and equipment availability, and ensuring the appropriate personnel are involved. The test must also include reviews of any potential hardware failures and the procedure for handling them. After test completion, a report must be written to document the entire procedure and any lessons learned. This article covers the entire anatomy of a HALT test from inception to final report.
Gallium alloy versus high copper amalgam: a comparative evaluation of corrosion resistance and microleakage in the primary teeth
Authors: Munshi A. , Hegde Amitha , Bhaskar Sajith
Published: April 2015

In vivo corrosion and in vitro microleakage of a gallium based and a high copper amalgam alloys were evaluated. Twenty-five primary molars each were restored with Galloy and DPI alloy respectively and evaluated, over a period of three months, for various aspects of corrosion in the oral cavity. Additionally ten primary molars were utilized for evaluation of microleakage by dye penetration after having them restored with the two materials. Gallium alloy restorations showed better marginal adaptation, clinically when compared to amalgam restorations. No significant difference was observed for the degree of microleakage around gallium alloy and amalgam restorations.
Ameloblastic fibroma in the midline of mandible: a case report
Authors: Mohapatra P. , Choudhury A. , Parkash H.
Published: April 2015

The ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor. It is composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal elements, but lacks of any calcified dental structures. Most of these tumors occur in the mandible and appears preferentially in the posterior portion of the dental arch with molar area predominates over premolar area. It is important to differentiate the lesion from ameloblastoma, since unlike the latter, it does not exhibit a locally invasive growth pattern. It is a well-circumscribed lesion and does not require the radical excision that may be necessary to effect cure with ameloblastoma. The present case report describes a 15-year-old patient with an ameloblastic fibroma in the symphysis of the mandible, a rare reported site. In the beginning of the article an extensive review of the previously published literature on ameloblastic fibroma has been made. In the later part, the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, histology and therapeutic procedures and postoperative follow up of the present case have been described.
Composite crown-form crowns for severely decayed primary molars: a technique for restoring function and esthetics
Authors: Ram Diana , Peretz Benny
Published: April 2015

Current developments in esthetic dentistry center around new techniques and materials that improve the ability of the clinician to provide esthetic services. This article describes a step-by-step method of placing composite crown-form crowns on severely decayed primary mandibular molars. The described technique allows for restoring, as close as possible, form and function lost to caries in an esthetic mode in cases of severely decayed primary molars that would have required stainless steel crowns had they been treated traditionally. Disadvantages of this treatment mode are that dryness may not be prevented in the proximal margins, especially where subgingival carious involvement is encountered and the margin areas may be contaminated with gingival fluid or blood. Although no long-term follow-up has been reported for the technique, when strong opposition by the parent or child to the stainless steel crown is encountered, and a desire for esthetic restoration is strongly expressed, the composite crown-form crowns may be considered as an alternative.
An in vitro study of microleakage of pit and fissure sealants in the presence of occlusal forces
Authors: Zervou Christina , Doherty Eileen , Zavras Athanasios , White George
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of load on microleakage of pit and fissure sealants. In the first phase of the study load of maximal force (F = 880 N) on central and peripheral enamel was applied. Three groups of ten specimens were tested for microleakage. Group A no application of load, Group B application of load on the central pit of the tooth, and Group application of load on the peripheral enamel 2.5 mm away from the margin of the tooth, at the level of dentinoenamel junction. The results of that study showed significant increase of microleakage on the peripheral sealed enamel, as well as enamel microcracks. So, in the phase II sixty wisdom teeth were sealed with Ultra seal XT plus and load of different magnitude was applied on the peripheral enamel. The specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles at 5°C and 55°C with a dwell of 30 seconds at each temperature prior to load application. Six groups of ten specimens were tested for microleakage under load. The force was applied at the peripheral enamel, 2.5 mm away from the margin of the tooth, at the level of dentin-enamel junction in cross-section view. Group A: F = 0 N; Group B: F = 300 N; Group C: F = 400 N; Group D: F = 500 N; Group E: F = 600 N; Group F: F = 700 N. Microleakage was scored as distance of dye penetration with 0 = no microleakage and 3 = microleakage to underlying fissure. A linear regression statistics was used with R-squared of 0.31. The groups with load applied (B, C, D, E, F) showed statistically significant results (p<0.05) compared with group A (F = 0 N). Both, the magnitude of the force and tooth morphology may influence the degree of microleakage observed after the placement of sealants.
Oral conditions in children from birth to 5 years: the findings of a children's dental program
Authors: Bezerra Solange , Costa Izabel
Published: April 2015

The study aimed to assess oral conditions other than caries and gingival inflammation present in the mouth of children from birth to 5 years old attending a Community Dental Program. Data were collected through the examination of all dental records, who attended the clinic from November 1997 until November 1999. A total of 1042 records were examined. The results showed that 97.7% of the patients had no lesions present in the mouth during the visits to the clinic, while 2.3% who presented did have lesions. The conditions most frequently found were: Bohn's nodules, candidiasis and benign migratory glossitis.
External resorption associated with tooth eruption
Authors: Baer Paul
Published: April 2015

A case is presented with severe resorption on the mesial root of the mandibular first permanent molar in a patient with Juvenile Periodontitis. The follicle of the bicuspid is seen in contact with mesial root of the molar.
Barcoll hardness of dental materials treated with an APF foam
Authors: Abate Pablo , Bertacchini Silvana , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Macchi Ricardo
Published: April 2015

The hardness of a dental material is generally related to its mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hardness of several resins and cements exposed to an APF Foam (Minute Foam, Oral-B). Four molds 6 x 2 mm were prepared for each experimental condition with each of the following materials: Filtek P 60 (3M); Silux Plus (3M); Ariston pHc (Vivadent); F 2000 (3M);Vitremer Restorative (3M) and lonofil Molar (Voco). Immediately after prepared, the samples were stored in water or in the APF foam. To evaluate the Barcoll hardness, measurements were made on both sides of the specimens (top - T and bottom - B), immediately, and after 1 min, 24 h and 7 d. The results, expressed as percentages of the loss of hardness of each sample from the baseline readings, were analyzed with an ANOVA and Tukey's test. ANOVA revealed the significant influence of material, time and treatment. The surface analyzed (T or B) had no significance. Among the glass-ionomers tested the loss of hardness was significantly higher (+30%) than for resin-based composites (±15%). Treatment with the APF foam for 7 days produced the greatest loss of hardness (42%) and at 24 h the least (less than 5%). There were no other significant findings. It can be concluded that the effect of the APF foam is material dependent, but is significantly more pronounced with the glass-ionomers than the resins tested. The application time of the foam is the main factor for the loss of hardness.
Hyper-IgE syndrome: a case report
Authors: Sepet E. , Özdemir D. , Aksakalli N. , Külekçig G.
Published: April 2015

The hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare disorder characterized by pruritic dermatitis, recurrent Staphylococcus skin abscesses and extremely elevated levels of IgE in serum. In this report, an elevenyear-old-boy with hyper-IgE syndrome is presented. He had a coarse facial appearance, pruritic dermatitis, recurrent skin abscesses, pulmonary infection, a reduced rate of resorption of the roots of primary teeth and an elevated serum IgE concentration. The colonization of Candida albicans, Kiebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were found as; (1x102 CFU), (2.2x104 CFU), (2.2x104 CFU) and (2.6x103 CFU) per ml saliva, respectively. Also the pulp of a deciduous molar was investigated with light and transmission electron microscope (TEM). As conclusion, treatment for this condition is lifelong administration of therapeutic doses of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, with the addition of other antibiotics or anti-fungal agents as required for specific infections.
Pediatric dental procedures under general anesthesia at the Amiri hospital in Kuwait
Authors: Ibricevic Hamijeta , Al-Jame Qumasha , Honkala Sisko
Published: April 2015

Ninety-six patients, fifty-eight healthy patients and thirty-eight special needs patients, ranging in age from 3 to 31yr (average age 6.9yr) had received dental treatments under general anesthesia (GA) at Amiri Hospital. The mean number of dental procedures per child was 13.6 (SD±5.4) with a mean number of 15.6 procedures for healthy patients and 10.5 special needs patients. There was a statistically significantly higher number of dental procedures for healthy patients than for special needs patients (p<0.001). The number of pulpotomies and stainless steel crowns placed for healthy patients was significantly higher (3.5) than for special needs patients (1.3) with (p<0.001) The average number of extractions was similar for the two groups of patients, 2.8 for normal and 2.2 for handicapped. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that dental treatment under GA in hospital environment is beneficial for certain group of patients, such as very young children and those with special needs. Underlying medical conditions influenced the treatment provided.
Sotos syndrome with enamel hypoplasia: a case report
Authors: Inokuchi Mikiko , Nomura Jouji , Mtsumura Yoshihiko , Sekida Motoko , Tagawa Toshiro
Published: April 2015

A rare case of Sotos syndrome with enamel hypoplasia is described. Dental abnormalities include enamel hypoplasia, expansion of the pulp cavity, high arched palate, and absence of the bilateral premolar teeth of the mandible.
Behavior of pediatric dental patients throughout the course of restorative dental treatment in a private pediatric dental practice
Authors: Brill Warren
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to describe and quantify patient behavior patterns observed throughout restorative dentistry appointments in a private pediatric dental practice. Patient behavior throughout the course of the first restorative dental visit was recorded using the Sarnat Behavior Scale. Behavior of patients in age groups 0 to 5 (0 to 60 months), 5 to 8 (61 to 96 months) and 8 to 12 (97 to 144 months) was noted at the start of the visit, during the procedure and when the patient was dismissed. Socio-demographic variables such as sex and method of payment as an indicator of socio-economic status were also considered. In addition, it was also noted whether, the child was referred by a general dentist. The results showed that the percentage of patients having Sarnat scores of 3, 4 or 5 (S345), which is indicative of negative behavior, increased after the start of the visit and then decreased to a lower level when the patient was dismissed. This observation was the same for all age groups, although the percentage of patients exhibiting negative behavior during all phases of the restorative appointment decreased with increasing age.

In conclusion, pediatric dental patient behavior changes throughout the course of restorative dental treatment. There is an increase in negative behavior, while the teeth are being restored, which then decreases to levels below those observed at the start of the visit. This is related to age more than socioeconomic or other factors confirming that as the child ages, the incidence of negative behavior decreases, but the pattern of change during the course of the restorative visit is the same regardless of age.
Primary triple teeth: histological and CT morphological study of two case reports
Authors: Aguilo L. , Catala M. , Peydro A.
Published: April 2015

The macromorphology and micromorphology of two specimens of primary triple teeth using histological and CT analysis approach is analyzed. A single morphological pattern of triple teeth has been found and described: three nearly separate crowns with three separate pulp chambers, and three joined roots with three connected root canals. The characteristic triple teeth appearance occurred because a labial supernumerary tooth is the junction element between two teeth of normal series: the central incisor on the mesial side and the lateral incisor on the distal side. Primary triple teeth suggest an idiophatic abnormality in the distribution of the dental material originated very soon in the dental development. They can be considered as an early double fusion between three tooth germs, initially separate but in close proximity and developing synchronically.
Correlation between oral parafunction and temporomandibular disorders and emotional status among Saudi children
Authors: Alamoudi Najlaa
Published: April 2015

Studies on association between temporomandibular disorders and oral parafunction in preschool children are few. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the subjective and objective signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), oral parafunction and emotional status in preschool children. The study is based on a clinical examination and questionnaire. Five hundred and two Saudi children aged 3 to 7 years were examined for different signs and symptoms of TMD. In addition, the parents of the children were given a questionnaire to investigate the existence of oral parafunction and evaluate the emotional status of children. The results of the study showed significant association between attrition and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, muscle tenderness and restricted opening, (P Values were 0.008, 0.019, 0.037 respectively). Significant association was found between habit of grinding and pain, while eating or opening the mouth (P< 0.012). Significant association was found between emotional status and multiple signs and symptoms of TMJ tenderness, TMJ pain and muscle tenderness (P <0.042). Significant association was found between emotional status and pain, while eating or opening of the mouth (P<0.048). Close to positive association was found between oral parafunction and jaw lock. The association between TMD and oral parafunction as well as emotional status should direct the attention of the dentist to the importance of considering the emotional status, oral parafunction and TMD when examining and formulating treatment plan for the child patient.
Polyethylene fiber tape used as a post and core in decayed primary anterior teeth: a treatment option
Authors: Lopes Vieira Clarissa , Costa Ribeiro Cecília Cláudia
Published: April 2015

The early loss of the anterior primary teeth can cause problems in phonation, development of the maxilla and is related to deleterious habits. This case presents the clinical sequence of rehabilitation of upper anterior primary teeth, where endodontic treatments were done. This was followed by the construction of root post using polyethylene ribbon fibers and the fabrication of crowns composed of resin.
Microleakage and penetration depth of three types of materials in fissure sealant: self-etching primer vs etching: an in vitro study
Authors: Gillet D. , Nancy J. , Dupuis V. , Dorignac G.
Published: April 2015

Clinical preventive procedures must be done after a risk assessment. One of the risk factors is the occlusal morphology of the posterior teeth. These caries-free fissures must be sealed. This first in vitro experimentation of the study evaluated the microleakage and the penetration depth of three types of materials by Vivadent: Helioseal F®, Tetric®, Tetric Flow®. The teeth were etched with phosphoric acid and bonded using a one bottle bonding in order to determine the best material for the sealing of the fissure. The depth of penetration of fuschine dye as well as that of the tested material was measured with a grid. The results, compared to the depth of the fissures, are expressed in percentage of penetration. The results were as follows: penetration of fuschine dye: 0 % for the 2 composites, 100 % for Helioseal F®; penetration of the materials: 96.90 % for Hélioseal F®, 70.82 for Tetric® and 86.10 for Tetric Flow® (significant difference,Wilcoxon test = 0.0105). In this first in vitro study,Tetric Flow® shows no microleakage and is more efficient when compared to Helioseal F® and Tetric® in obturating deep fissures of non carious bicuspids. The second experiment of the study evaluated the microleakage and the penetration depth of Tetric Flow® when it is bonded by two different methods: Group 1: total etch (phosphoric acid) and Scotch-bond 1® (3M), and Group 2: self-etching primer with Prompt® (Espe). There was no significant difference (p > 0.03) between classical bonding vs self-etching primer. The self-etching primer Prompt® is very efficient vs phosphoric acid in obturating the fissures of non carious bicuspids with Tetric Flow®. It is concluded that for prevention by sealing, using a flowable ceromer (Tetric Flow®) with the self-etching (Prompt®), is a really good technique.
Oral-facial-digital syndrome, Type I: A case report
Authors: King N. , Sanares A.
Published: April 2015

Oral-facial-digital syndrome is a group of congenital anomalies, which affects the face, oral structures and digits. There are nine subtypes. OFDS type I, is x-linked dominant trait mostly affecting females. Reports of OFDS type 1 in Asians are extremely rare. This paper shows a case of OFDS type I, in a southern Chinese girl, who in addition to most of the classic features, had fusion of the mandibular canine and lateral incisor teeth.
Dental management of severe dentinogenesis imperfecta in a mild form of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Stephen L. , Beighton P.
Published: April 2015

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (DI), in which the teeth are discolored, translucent and brittle, can occur in isolation as a familial trait and as a component of the skeletal dysplasia Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). In a Cape Town family, 20 persons in 3 generations had mild OI, with the additional manifestation of severe DI. The family was assessed at the Dental Genetic Unit of the University of the Western Cape and appropriate dental treatment was provided. In this setting, a detailed treatment plan was devised for a severely affected woman. This plan proved to be efficient and cost effective, and the final outcome was pleasing to the patient. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is not uncommon and may well be encountered in conventional dental practice. The necessary clinical expertise is within the scope of the skills of the general dentist.
Mobius syndrome: a case report
Authors: Aren G.
Published: April 2015

Mobius Syndrome is characterized by showing unilateral facial nerve palsy of the sixth and seventh nerves, lack of facial expression, inability to smile and to tightly close the right eyelids. In this report, a 7-year-old-boy with Mobius syndrome is presented. He had asymmetry of facial expression, anomalies of fingers and severe tooth decay. After dental treatment, the periodic re-care visits should be done according to the eruption pattern.
Treatment of condylar fractures in children and youths: the clinical value of the occlusal plane orientation and correlation with facial development (case reports)
Authors: Defabianis Patrizia
Published: April 2015

The relative position of the plane of occlusion to the cranial base determines the direction of the forces generated in the cranium during occlusal function. When the plane of occlusion is level and when the neuromuscular system is in harmony, the vectors of forces created by the closing muscles are directed to the central area of the cranium in a symmetrically balanced way. Unfortunately,TMJ fractures may alter completely this balance with loss of the support to the mandible against the temporal component and loss of the functional effect of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the mandible. Changes in orientation of the occlusal plane may result in facial alteration and asymmetries. In our experience, the restoration of a plan of occlusion orthogonally aligned to the forces of occlusion for a correct transfer of forces through the maxilla to the rest of the cranial bones is essential to allow proper face development. Two, quite similar cases of unilateral, dislocated condylar fracture treated in a different way, will be reported to demonstrate how this can occur. Available clinical data will be illustrated.
Panoramic radiographic findings of the mandibular growth from deciduous dentition to early permanent dentition
Authors: Tsai Hung-Huey
Published: April 2015

The outlines of mandibular rami, condyles, coronoid process, and corpus in panoramic radiographs of normal children from deciduous to early permanent dentition were traced and digitized. Nine linear and four angular measurements were measured. During the observation period, the lengths for all the linear measurements increased, however, the angles for all the angular measurements decreased. The shape of condyle and gonion significantly correlated with the growth of ramus and corpus.
Pediatric oral lesions: a 15-year review from São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sousa Fabrício Bitu , Etges Adriana , Corrêa Luciana , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Soares de Araújo Ney
Published: April 2015

There are few studies on pediatric oral pathologies in the literature. This study presents data from a review of 2,356 biopsies of young patients (birth to 14 years) received over 15 years (1985-2000) in the Oral Pathology Service at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Information about patients (sex, age, race) and histopathological diagnosis was retrieved. Diagnosis data of 2,356 biopsies were classified into 20 groups.There was no significant difference between male (50.0%) and female (49.0%) patients. White is the predominant race (69.0%), and patients ages were concentrated between 9 and 14 years old (70%). Mucocele was the most frequent (13.5%), followed by dentigerous cyst (6.5%) and fibrous hyperplasia (5.4%). Papilloma and Langerhans cells histiocytosis were the most common non-odontogenic benign and malignant tumors, respectively. In the group of odontogenic tumors, odontoma was the most frequent, and ameloblastoma had a significant incidence (27 cases). These data are important in order to detect differences in geographic areas, diagnosis line tendencies and for clinicians to perform judgment to evaluate of the pediatric patients before the biopsy and management of pediatric oral lesions.
Estimating MEDLINE's identification of randomized control trials in pediatric dentistry
Authors: Park Julius , Niederman Richard
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of randomized controlled trials in children from 1990-2000 in seven dental disciplines. Sensitive and specific MEDLINE search methodologies were used for upper and lower estimates, capture-recapture corrected those estimates, and hand evaluation refined the estimates. The data indicate that between 602 and 1737 trials were published, and the number per year doubled from 1990 to 2000. These results have implications for clinical decision making, the development of systematic reviews, insurance reimbursement, and teaching.
Reposition of intruded permanent incisor by a combination of surgical and orthodontic approach: a case report
Authors: Jang Ki-Taeg , Kim Jung-Wook , Lee Sang-Hoon , Kim Chong-Chul , Hahn Se-Hyun , García-Godoy Franklin
Published: April 2015

This report presents a case of a completely intrusive luxation of an immature permanent central incisor in a 7 years 9 months-old girl. Because there are severe intrusive trauma and cortical alveolar bone fracture, it was impossible to reposition with orthodontic or surgical method alone. The intruded tooth was repositioned to healthy alveolar bone level by using surgical extrusion and stabilization with sutures and periodontal pack. After healing of adjacent bone, the intruded maxillary central incisor erupted orthodontically by removable orthodontic appliance. It was moved from a high position to level of adjacent tooth in about 7 months.A radiograph was taken 6 months after ceasing forced eruption, which demonstrated minor root resorption, but the alveolar bone height had increased.
Compositional and structural changes of human dentin following caries removal by Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation in primary teeth
Authors: Hossain Mozammal , Nakamura Yukio , Yamada Yoshishige , Murakami Yoshiko , Matsumoto Koukichi
Published: April 2015

In this in vitro study, the compositional and structural changes of human dentin, and knoop harness of cavity floor following the removal of dental caries by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in primary teeth was compared with that of the conventional bur cavity. The results confirmed that laser irradiation revealed minimal thermal damage to the surrounding tissues, minimal thermal induced changes of dental hard tissue compositions, and favorable surface characteristic.
Perceptions of pediatric patients and guardians about prosthetic appliances
Authors: Santos da Silva Viviane , Barcelos Roberta , Ribeiro de Souza Ivete Pomarico
Published: April 2015

Forty patients that received prosthetic appliances as part of dental treatment were interviewed about satisfaction with the apparatus. The opinions of the guardians were also considered. The majority of children had complained about missing teeth, but even a greater percentage expressed satisfaction during wear of the prosthetic appliance. Among the guardians, only one of them expressed dissatisfaction with the appliance design. Rehabilitation plan should be discussed with children and guardians considering their perceptions and adequate indications for each case.
Occlusal guidance for eruption disturbance of mandibular second premolar: a report of three cases
Authors: Kobaiashi Vanessa Tiemi , Mitomi Tomoe , Taguchi Yo , Noda Tadashi
Published: April 2015

This study presents the treatment courses in three impacted cases of mandibular second premolars caused by distal inclination of the tooth germs. In all cases, the second premolars were surgically exposed, but the traction periods until oral emergence differed. The reasons for the differences may be the variation in the severity of the distal inclinations of the tooth germs and the calcified development of the affected germs at fenestration.
Leakage reduction with a surface-penetrating sealant around stainless-steel orthodontic brackets bonded with a light cured composite resin
Authors: Chapra Anas , White George
Published: April 2015

In this study a surface penetrating sealant was used around bonded stainless steel orthodontic brackets. The investigation attempted to identify the effect of surface penetrating sealants on the microleakage associated with orthodontic stainless steel brackets bonded with light cured composite resin.

A total of 58 bovine teeth were used for this study, orthodontic brackets were bonded with light cured orthodontic resin. The following groups were assigned: (I) Finished but unsealed, (II) Finished and sealed, and (III,) Un-finished but unsealed The brackets were activated using orthodontic elastics, stained, sectioned, and evaluated under magnification. The following statistical analysis was done Mann-Whitney U test for two independent samples, then confirmed with a Kruskai-Wallis One-Way analysis of variance by ranks. The second and third groups were statistically better in respect of marginal integrity as compared to the first.
Class IV preparations for fractured anterior teeth restored with composite resin restorations
Authors: Eid Hani , White George
Published: April 2015

Pediatric dentists play a major role in treating most of the anterior teeth fractures due to the fact that most patients who suffer such traumatic injuries are between the ages of seven and fourteen. Several techniques has been developed to restore the fractured incisors to the original shape and color, these include full-coverage of the traumatized tooth, or restoring the incisors with a resin. The purpose of this study is to find the ideal combination of tooth preparation and restorative material, namely, to determine if stair step chamfer preparations provide more retention in class IV restorations than the plain chamfer preparation technique when restored with a combination of a hybrid composite resin and a microfilled composite resin. This was done by comparing the shear strength values between the buccal stair-step chamfer preparation, and a modification on it (buccal and lingual stair-step chamfer preparation) and the plain chamfer preparation techniques in class IV restorations on anterior incisors using different composite resin materials. The Instron machine was used to test shear strength.

One hundred and two bovine incisor teeth were freshly harvested from the slaughterhouse. The teeth were prepared and restored according to the following six groups; Plain Chamfer preparation with Tetric Ceram Composite, Plain Chamfer preparation with Renamel Composite, buccal stair-step chamfer preparation with Tetric Ceram composite, buccal stair-step chamfer preparation with Renamel composite, Buccal and lingual stair-step preparation with Tetric Ceram Composite, Buccal and lingual stair-step chamfer preparation with renamel composite. All samples were fractured using the Instron testing machine then the surface area were measured using Image-J software. Shear strength for every sample was calculated using the load numeric result from the Instron machine and the measured surface area.

The Two-Factorial (AB) Analysis of Variance For Independent Samples showed that the buccal stair-step chamfer preparation showed significantly higher shear strength and fracture resistance than plain chamfer or the buccal and lingual stair-step chamfer preparation. The combination of Renamel Hybrid and Renamel Microfill composite materials showed better results than the Tetric Ceram composite when used with all three preparation techniques, but did not show a statistical significance.

It was concluded that buccal stair-step preparation technique provided the ideal preparation technique with bonded composite resins in fractured anterior teeth. Only 7% of the entire sample size had an adhesion failure versus 93% that had cohesion failure. There was no significant difference in shear strength, between the restorative materials used, in conjunction with all the preparation techniques.
Evaluation of the position of the hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial development
Authors: Ertan Erdinc Aslihan , Dincer Banu , Sabah Münire
Published: April 2015

Evaluation of the position of the hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial development and comparative evaluation of the relation of this position with the dentofacial system was made on 25 patients with hyperdivergent vertical growth, 25 patients with hypodivergent vertical growth, and 25 patients with normal vertical facial development. SN-Go-Gn, Gonion, ANS-PNS/Go-Gn angles and S-Go, N-Me, S-Go/N-Me measurements from lateral cephalometric films were used as identification parameters. Seven horizontal, five vertical and five angular cephalometric measurements were made in order to determine the position of the hyoid bone. SN plane was used as the reference plane. Results were evaluated through "t" test. No significant relation was found between hyoid bone position and gender. When gender distinction was disregarded, and the group with normal facial development was compared with the hyperdivergent group, statistically significant differences were observed for CVTH distance in horizontal measurements and for H-SN, H-F, H-PD, H-OD distances in vertical measurements. When the group with normal facial development was compared with the hypodivergent group, only the horizontal measurement Pg-H was statistically significant. The hyoid bone location in the hyperdivergent group was in a more of a posterior and superior position. The hyoid bone location in the hypodivergent group was not changed vertically, however, it had more of a posterior placement with the increase of Pg-H distance.
Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in children with primary dentition
Authors: Rigoldi Bonjardim Leonardo , Duarte Gaviao Maria Beatriz , Grammatico Carmagnani Fabiola , Jose Pereira Luciano , Midori Castelo Paula
Published: April 2015

The presence of signs and symptoms of TMD in 99 children with primary dentition was evaluated through clinical exam and a questionnaire. The results showed that 34.34% presented signs and/or symptoms of TMD. Among the children with symptoms, 50% presented at least one sign or more, differing significantly from the ones without symptoms, and from those 21.6% presented sign (p=0.0l85). The most prevalent symptom was frequent headache (7.07%) followed by jaw pain (4.04%), earache (3.03%) and difficulty in swallowing (3.03%). The most prevalent sign was jaw deviation (18.18%) followed by occlusal interferences (7.07%), asymmetric condylar movement (5.05%) and TMJ sounds (3.03%). We concluded that signs and symptoms of TMD are present in early ages, even though in a small number of children.
Tooth transpositions associated with dental anomalies and treatment management in a sample of orthodontic patients
Authors: Kavadia-Tsatala S. , Sidiropoulou S. , Kaklamanos E. , Chatziyanni A.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of tooth transpositions in a sample of orthodontic patients, describe the accompanying anomalies and report on the management and therapeutic outcome. Overall, the male to female ratio was 4:3, left side predominance was evident, and there was a high incidence of associated dental anomalies. Attempts to correct tooth order usually resulted in untoward effects on periodontal tissues. Consequently, individual anatomical conditions may be decisive in successful clinical management of such cases.
Gingival necrosis in relation to palatal expansion appliance: an unwanted sequelae
Authors: Sardessai Gauri , Fernandesh Aquaviva
Published: April 2015

A palatal expansion appliance is frequently used for the expansion of the palatal arch. The expansion can be rapid or slow. The degree of turn given to the screw of the appliance determines the rapidity and amount of expansion achieved. This report describes a case of necrosis of the palatal gingiva as a result of an attempt to expand the palatal arch rapidly and is of great importance to the pediatric dentist as palatal expansion is done more often in pediatric patients.
Comparison of three methods for detection of carious lesions in proximal surfaces versus direct visual examination after tooth separation
Authors: Luiz Mialhe Fabio , Carlos Pereira Antonio , Pardi Vanessa , de Castro Meneghim Marcelo
Published: April 2015

The present study aimed to compare clinical, fiber-optic transillumination and bite-wing radiographic assessment of carious lesion depth in contacting proximal surfaces with the results obtained by direct visual inspection after tooth separation of the respective surfaces. It is suggested that when a carious lesion is diagnosed as non-cavitated by clinical examination or restricted to enamel by FOTI or radiographic examinations in a population of children with low caries prevalence, dentists should adopt a preventive approach.
A biological conservative approach to complex traumatic dento-alveolar lesions
Authors: Spinas Enrico
Published: April 2015

Of all the kinds of traumatic dental injury, luxation injuries associated with crown-root fractures deserve special attention due to the particular need for complex multidisciplinary treatment. Clinical experience has demonstrated the need for repositioning of luxated teeth and treatment of crown-root fractures by orthodontic or surgical extrusion and completed with periodontal plastic surgery (gingivoplasty). In many cases the outcome is good conservation and excellent esthetic results. This approach cannot however, always be recommended, for example because of the age of the patient. For this reason, a different protocol is proposed that involves, in addition to orthodontic repositioning of the luxated teeth, (as is required to return teeth to the physiological position), the extrusion, restoration and subsequent re-intrusion to the natural position (without the need for further surgery) of those teeth involved with associated crown-root fractures.Two cases illustrate the use of this proposed technique.
Laser pediatric crowns performed without anesthesia: a contemporary technique
Authors: Jacboson B. , Berger J. , Kravitz R. , Patel P.
Published: April 2015

Extensive caries resulting in the need for a stainless steel crown in primary teeth may now be prepared with the use of the WaterlaseTM YSGG Laser, (Biolase®) hard and soft-tissue laser. The use of the laser eliminates the need for local anesthesia, thereby providing optimal patient comfort and compliance.
Dental implications of tooth-nail dysplasia (Witkop syndrome): a report of an affected family and an approach to dental management.
Authors: Wicomb G. , Stephen L. , Beighton P.
Published: April 2015

Tooth-Nail dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder, which is classified as an ectodermal dysplasia. Diagnostic differentiation from other conditions in this category is necessary for effective dental management and genetic counseling. The oro-dental and clinical manifestations of Tooth-Nail dysplasia in an affected male infant and his father are documented. Other family members have the condition and pedigree data are in keeping with autosomal dominant inheritance.A comprehensive approach to the dental management of an affected child is proposed.
Occlusal guidance of two Kabuki make-up syndrome patients: case reports
Authors: Takada Keisuke , Fukushima Hidefumi , Watanabe Shinichirou , Ishida Makiko , Ogasawara Hideki , Motokawa Wataru
Published: April 2015

Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS) has been reported since 1981 by Niikawa et al. Complications of KMS were moderate mental retardation, skeletal and dermatoglyphic abnormalities.A 7 year-old boy, who had severe permanent tooth deficiency, anterior open bite, tongue thrust and mild mental retardation, was referred to our clinic. Oral characters of another patient were an anterior open bite, transposition of maxillary central and lateral incisor. Orthodontic treatment in two patients is reported and suggested future treatment plans in these patients is given.
Panoramic radiographic findings of the mandibular foramen from deciduous to early permanent dentition
Authors: Tsai Hung-Huey
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the position of the mandibular foramen from deciduous (Hellman's stage IIA) to early permanent dentition (Hellman's stage IVA). Panoramic radiographs of 311 Taiwanese children were used. The results revealed that the distances between the mandibular foramen and ramus anterior plane were greater than those between the mandibular foramen and ramus posterior plane through all stages. The mean difference between them was the smallest (0.25 mm) in stage IIA and the greatest (1.18 mm) in stage IIIC. The distance from the mandibular foramen to the alveolar crest plane showed a little change from stage IIA (3.99 mm) to IVA (5.26 mm). The gonial angle had a negative correlation with the distances between the mandibular foramen and each mandibular border. Evaluation of the mandibular foramen from the oral aspect can be influenced by the degree of mouth opening.
Dental erosion: a complication of Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Authors: Bassiouny Mohamed , Zarrinnia Kourosh
Published: April 2015

A young teenage male presenting for a routine check-up reported no health problems. Initial clinical examination revealed some enamel loss on the palatal surfaces of the maxillary incisors. Erosion lesions were suspected. Similar lesions, however, were not found throughout the mixed dentition and radiographic findings were inconclusive. To confirm the diagnosis of these lesions and, more importantly, to disclose the etiology, a thorough and detailed clinical examination of these lesions was conducted. Study models were made, mounted in centric occluding position, and closely screened. In addition, the health history was revisited, by interviewing the patient and his legal guardian. The information gathered led to the conclusion that the lesions in question were erosion lesions with concomitant wear facets that resulted from attrition of the softened enamel surface. An ample light on the possible etiological factors was shed, which assisted in the planning phase for the course of management. It is not uncommon that dental health care providers encounter in daily practice cases of early erosion lesions similar to those reported here. In most of these instances,minor changes in tooth morphology that represent a slight departure from the norm could be overlooked and often ignored. If such lesions go undetected, the underlying causes may escape diagnosis. However, if action is taken to pursue investigation of the causative factor, the result could assist in understanding the overall complexity of the health condition of the patient. This would enable planning the proper course of management for the total well being of the patient.
Mesiodens in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions: a clinical and radiographic study
Authors: Kocatas Ersin Nazan , Candan Umit , Riza Alpoz Ali , Akay Cemal
Published: April 2015

The term mesiodens refers to a supernumerary tooth located between the maxillary central incisors. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of mesiodens among children in Turkey.The study population involved 24 children who attended the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ege University for dental problems. The characteristics of mesiodens were obtained from clinical and radiographic examinations. Results showed that twenty-four patients had thirty-four mesiodens for an average of 1.42 mesiodens per person. Males were affected approximately 3 times more frequently in comparison with females. Forty-two percent of the patients had bilateral mesiodens.All of the mesiodens were conical in shape and 91 % were in the downward position. The age and sex distribution, location, direction, eruption of mesiodens and effects on permanent maxillary incisors were also presented in this study. It could be concluded that, delayed, ectopic or asymmetric eruption of the central incisors should alert the clinician to the possibility of a mesiodens.
Orthodontic treatment of impacted anterior teeth due to odontomas: a report of two cases
Authors: Batra Puneet , Duggal Ritu , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Parkash Hari
Published: April 2015

Two cases are presented where the odontomas had caused the impaction of the anterior teeth and required a combined surgical and orthodontic treatment to bring these teeth into the arch. In the first case a large a complex odontome had caused the impaction of the right central incisor, lateral incisor and canine. In the second case a compound odontome blocked the eruption pathway of the right central incisor. It is emphasised that radiographic examination of all pediatric patients that present clinical evidence of delayed permanent tooth eruption or temporary tooth displacement with or without a history of previous dental trauma should be performed. Early diagnosis of odontomas allows adoption of a less complex and less expensive treatment and ensures a better prognosis.
Pulpectomies in primary incisors using three delivery systems: an in vitrostudy
Authors: Guelmann Marcio , McEachern Monique , Turner Clara
Published: April 2015

This in vitro study assessed the quality of pulpectomies in primary incisors using three filling systems: syringe with plastic needle, syringe with metal needle, and lentulo spiral. Preoperative radiographs of sixty extracted primary incisors were taken, canals were prepared and obturated.Postoperative radiographs taken in two directions were evaluated by two independent evaluators blinded to the technique used. Filling quality was determined by analyzing radiopacity, presence of voids and amount of material in the canal. After statistical analysis, this study showed that NaviTip system offered a more desirable filling quality than lentulo and Vitapex syringe techniques.
The effects of different application techniques and orifices on the amount of dentifrice
Authors: Aysegul Olmez , Dilek Tufekcioglu , Elgin Erdemli
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate three different methods (ST: Standart technique; PS: Pea-size; TT:Transverse technique) for dentifrice use in children between 5 to 7 years of age, as well as to compare the amount of dentifrice dispensed by using tubes with different orifices (moon or round shaped).

One hundered children who dispensed the dentifrice themselves were asked to apply the quantity of dentifrice they usually used (ST or TT) (Phase-I). In Phase-II, they were instructed to apply a pea-size amount (PS) and finally they were demonstrated to use the transverse technique (TT) in Phase-III. Statistical analysis was obtained by using Anova and t-test.

As a result, most of the children (82 patient) preferred to use ST rather than TT (18 patient). A decrease in the amount was obtained with both of the shaped orifices after the instruction of PS or demonstration of TT (p< 0.05). It was observed that the amount of dentifrice dispensed decreased generally when a moon shaped orifice was used.