bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La recuperación del cómic: Neutelings & Riedijk, Sanaa y Lebbeus Woods
Authors: Escoda Pastor Carmen
Published: September 2016

La recuperación de las historias dibujadas , que hoy conocemos como Cómic, ha permitido dotar a la representación  arquitectónica de un gran potencial  expresivo, que actúa como apoyo y transmisión de ideas y conceptos de una manera fácil y atractiva.

Los arquitectos comienzan a manejar el lenguaje del cómic como medio de comunicación, en los manifiestos revolucionarios de Archigram, en el story-board de Superstudio, en los comics-books de Koolhaas y del grupo Big, en las llamativas viñetas de Neutelings & Riedijk y de Sanaa y en la invención de ciudades imaginarias de Lebbeus Woods.

El cómic es representado o bien en forma de viñetas, o bien con un enfoque más diagramático, o siguiendo el más puro estilo del cómic popular. Los diferentes grafismos utilizados son un ejemplo de su aportación al lenguaje arquitectónico contemporáneo como vehículo de investigación y de expresión de la esencia del proyecto.
Action drawing. Una apuesta por el dibujo
Authors: Salgado de la Rosa María Asunción , Raposo Grau Javier Fco. , Butragueño Díaz-Guerra Belén
Published: September 2016

El modelo de crecimiento ilimitado ha entrado en crisis y sus consecuencias colisionan frontalmente con el entendimiento de la edificación como fin último de la arquitectura. Más que en ningún otro momento, se impone un debate sobre el futuro de la arquitectura, planteado desde otros puntos de vista. Una discusión seria desde el dibujo, disciplina en la que se han experimentado los mayores avances tecnológicos de los últimos tiempos, podría ser la solución
El dibujante de ideas y constructor de imagen. Fundamentos de dibujo de arquitectura
Authors: Granero Martín Francisco
Published: September 2016

Es un artículo sobre fundamentos de dibujo de arquitectura, desde la mirada y desde la construcción de la idea arquitectónica, en el que se establecen estrategias y se plantean dudas sobre el proceso centrados en el orígen de su inicio a través de la ambigüedad, el misterio, la fruición y la memoria.
La bóveda anular del Palacio de Carlos V en Granada. Levantamiento y análisis geométrico y constructivo
Authors: Salcedo Galera Macarena , Calvo López José
Published: September 2016

A lo largo del siglo xvi se construyeron en España una serie de bóvedas singulares de intradós tórico. La mayor y más conocida es la bóveda anular situada en el patio del Palacio del Emperador Carlos V en Granada, junto a la Alhambra. Esta excepcional pieza de cantería dispone sus hiladas en torno a un eje vertical, al contrario de lo que ocurre en otras piezas contemporáneas, como lo son las bóvedas tóricas murcianas representadas por su ejemplo más notable, la bóveda que cubre la capilla funeraria de Gil Rodríguez de Junterón en la Catedral de Murcia. Con el objeto de ahondar en el conocimiento geométrico y estereotómico de esta singular construcción, los autores han recurrido al levantamiento arquitectónico mediante fotogrametría de imágenes cruzadas, obteniendo así una representación gráfica rigurosa que aporta nuevos datos a lo que hasta ahora se ha escrito sobre ella.
Antonio Bonet. Sistemas de agregación urbanística análisis gráfico de las viviendas del poblado Hifrensa (1967-75)
Authors: Ródenas García Juan Fernando
Published: September 2016

La mayoría de las propuestas de Bonet, tanto en arquitectura como en urbanismo, buscan patrones que lleven implícito un sistema de crecimiento, como sucede en las formaciones biológicas de la naturaleza. Bonet, cuando proyecta la Casa La Ricarda (1949-62), más que su forma final, busca un sistema de crecimiento. Podemos afirmar que la casa comparte ‘código genético’ con la serie tipológica del mismo autor, caracterizada por la expresión escultórica de la cubierta y la modulación como recursos compositivos (casa Berlingieri, casa Rubio-Murcia, casa Balañà, escuela de Hifrensa). Del mismo modo sucede a escala superior, en los conjuntos urbanísticos, donde Bonet ensaya operaciones de transformación de un módulo elemental para generar múltiples desarrollos con una idea de ciudad. Como veremos, en el poblado Hifrensa, los sistemas de agregación urbanística no se abordan como una cuestión estilística, sino que se utilizan como herramienta para resolver las formulaciones teóricas del autor.
Biogenic halocarbons from the Peruvian upwelling region as tropospheric halogen source
Authors: Hepach Helmke , Quack Birgit , Tegtmeier Susann , Engel Anja , Bracher Astrid , Fuhlbrügge Steffen , Galgani Luisa , Atlas Elliot L. , Lampel Johannes , Frieß Udo , Krüger Kirstin
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Halocarbons are produced naturally in the oceans by biological and chemical processes. They are emitted from surface seawater into the atmosphere, where they take part in numerous chemical processes such as ozone destruction and the oxidation of mercury and dimethyl sulfide. Here we present oceanic and atmospheric halocarbon data for the Peruvian upwelling zone obtained during the M91 cruise onboard the research vessel METEOR in December 2012. Surface waters during the cruise were characterized by moderate concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2) correlating with diatom biomass derived from marker pigment concentrations, which suggests this phytoplankton group is a likely source. Concentrations measured for the iodinated compounds methyl iodide (CH3I) of up to 35.4 pmol L−1, chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) of up to 58.1 pmol L−1 and diiodomethane (CH2I2) of up to 32.4 pmol L−1 in water samples were much higher than previously reported for the tropical Atlantic upwelling systems. Iodocarbons also correlated with the diatom biomass and even more significantly with dissolved organic matter (DOM) components measured in the surface water. Our results suggest a biological source of these compounds as a significant driving factor for the observed large iodocarbon concentrations. Elevated atmospheric mixing ratios of CH3I (up to 3.2 ppt), CH2ClI (up to 2.5 ppt) and CH2I2 (3.3 ppt) above the upwelling were correlated with seawater concentrations and high sea-to-air fluxes. During the first part of the cruise, the enhanced iodocarbon production in the Peruvian upwelling contributed significantly to tropospheric iodine levels, while this contribution was considerably smaller during the second part.
Global impacts of tropospheric halogens (Cl, Br, I) on oxidants and composition in GEOS-Chem
Authors: Sherwen Tomás , Schmidt Johan A. , Evans Mat J. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Großmann Katja , Eastham Sebastian D. , Jacob Daniel J. , Dix Barbara , Koenig Theodore K. , Sinreich Roman , Ortega Ivan , Volkamer Rainer , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Prados-Roman Cristina , Mahajan Anoop S. , Ordóñez Carlos
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We present a simulation of the global present-day composition of the troposphere which includes the chemistry of halogens (Cl, Br, I). Building on previous work within the GEOS-Chem model we include emissions of inorganic iodine from the oceans, anthropogenic and biogenic sources of halogenated gases, gas phase chemistry, and a parameterised approach to heterogeneous halogen chemistry. Consistent with Schmidt et al. (2016) we do not include sea-salt debromination. Observations of halogen radicals (BrO, IO) are sparse but the model has some skill in reproducing these. Modelled IO shows both high and low biases when compared to different datasets, but BrO concentrations appear to be modelled low. Comparisons to the very sparse observations dataset of reactive Cl species suggest the model represents a lower limit of the impacts of these species, likely due to underestimates in emissions and therefore burdens. Inclusion of Cl, Br, and I results in a general improvement in simulation of ozone (O3) concentrations, except in polar regions where the model now underestimates O3 concentrations. Halogen chemistry reduces the global tropospheric O3 burden by 18.6 %, with the O3 lifetime reducing from 26 to 22 days. Global mean OH concentrations of 1.28  ×  106 molecules cm−3 are 8.2 % lower than in a simulation without halogens, leading to an increase in the CH4 lifetime (10.8 %) due to OH oxidation from 7.47 to 8.28 years. Oxidation of CH4 by Cl is small (∼  2 %) but Cl oxidation of other VOCs (ethane, acetone, and propane) can be significant (∼  15–27 %). Oxidation of VOCs by Br is smaller, representing 3.9 % of the loss of acetaldehyde and 0.9 % of the loss of formaldehyde.
Screening of cloud microorganisms isolated at the Puy de Dôme (France) station for the production of biosurfactants
Authors: Renard Pascal , Canet Isabelle , Sancelme Martine , Wirgot Nolwenn , Deguillaume Laurent , Delort Anne-Marie
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A total of 480 microorganisms collected from 39 clouds sampled at the Puy de Dôme station (alt. 1465 m; 45°46′19′′ N, 2°57′52′′ E; Massif Central, France) were isolated and identified. This unique collection was screened for biosurfactant (surfactants of microbial origin) production by measuring the surface tension (σ) of the crude extracts, comprising the supernatants of the pure cultures, using the pendant drop technique. The results showed that 41 % of the tested strains were active producers (σ < 55 mN m−1), with 7 % being extremely active (σ < 30 mN m−1). The most efficient biosurfactant producers (σ < 45 mN m−1) belong to a few bacterial genera (Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas) from the Υ-Proteobacteria class (78 %) and a yeast genus (Udeniomyces) from the Basidiomycota phylum (11 %). Some Bacillus strains from the Firmicutes phylum were also active but represented a small fraction of the collected population. Strains from the Actinobacteria phylum in the collection examined in the present study showed moderate biosurfactant production (45<σ < 55 mN m−1). Pseudomonas (Υ-Proteobacteria), the most frequently detected genus in clouds, with some species issued from the phyllosphere, was the dominant group for the production of biosurfactants. We observed some correlations between the chemical composition of cloud water and the presence of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms, suggesting the “biogeography” of this production. Moreover, the potential impact of the production of biosurfactants by cloud microorganisms on atmospheric processes is discussed.
OZO v.1.0: Software for solving a generalized omega equation and
the Zwack-Okossi height tendency equation using WRF model
output
Authors: Rantanen Mika , Räisänen Jouni , Lento Juha , Stepanyuk Oleg , Räty Olle , Sinclair Victoria A. , Järvinen Heikki
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A software package (OZO, Omega-Zwack-Okossi) was developed to diagnose the processes that affect vertical motions and geopotential height tendencies in weather systems simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. First, this software solves a generalized omega equation to calculate the vertical motions associated with different physical forcings: vorticity advection, thermal advection, friction, diabatic heating, and an imbalance term between vorticity and temperature tendencies. After this, the corresponding height tendencies are calculated with the Zwack-Okossi tendency equation. The resulting height tendency components thus contain both the direct effect from the forcing itself and the indirect effects (related to the vertical motion induced by the same forcing) of each physical mechanism. This approach has an advantage compared with previous studies with the Zwack-Okossi equation, in which vertical motions were used as an independent forcing but were typically found to compensate the effects of other forcings. The software is tailored to use input from WRF simulations with Cartesian geometry. As an illustration, results for an idealized 10-day baroclinic wave simulation are presented. An excellent agreement is found between OZO and the direct WRF output for both the vertical motion (correlation 0.97 in the midtroposphere) and the height tendency fields (correlation 0.95–0.98 in the whole troposphere). The individual vertical motion and height tendency components demonstrate the importance of both adiabatic and diabatic processes for the simulated cyclone. OZO is an open source tool for both research and education, and the distribution of the software will be supported by the authors.
The Vulnerability, Impacts, Adaptation and Climate Services Advisory Board
(VIACS AB v1.0) contribution to CMIP6
Authors: Ruane Alex C. , Teichmann Claas , Arnell Nigel W. , Carter Timothy R. , Ebi Kristie L. , Frieler Katja , Goodess Clare M. , Hewitson Bruce , Horton Radley , Kovats R. Sari , Lotze Heike K. , Mearns Linda O. , Navarra Antonio , Ojima Dennis S. , Riahi Keywan , Rosenzweig Cynthia , Themessl Matthias , Vincent Katharine
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the motivation for the creation of the Vulnerability, Impacts, Adaptation and Climate Services (VIACS) Advisory Board for the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), its initial activities, and its plans to serve as a bridge between climate change applications experts and climate modelers. The climate change application community comprises researchers and other specialists who use climate information (alongside socioeconomic and other environmental information) to analyze vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation of natural systems and society in relation to past, ongoing, and projected future climate change. Much of this activity is directed toward the co-development of information needed by decision-makers for managing projected risks. CMIP6 provides a unique opportunity to facilitate a two-way dialog between climate modelers and VIACS experts who are looking to apply CMIP6 results for a wide array of research and climate services objectives. The VIACS Advisory Board convenes leaders of major impact sectors, international programs, and climate services to solicit community feedback that increases the applications relevance of the CMIP6-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs). As an illustration of its potential, the VIACS community provided CMIP6 leadership with a list of prioritized climate model variables and MIP experiments of the greatest interest to the climate model applications community, indicating the applicability and societal relevance of climate model simulation outputs. The VIACS Advisory Board also recommended an impacts version of Obs4MIPs and indicated user needs for the gridding and processing of model output.
Senyvo amžiaus cukriniu diabetu sergančiųjų gyvenimo kokybės, mokymosi motyvacijos ir slaugytojo diabetologo vaidmens sąsajos
Authors: Bartkevičiūtė Birutė , Venskaitytė Eurelija , Samėnienė Jūratė , Blaževičienė Aurelija , Bulikaitė Virginija
Published: September 2016

Lietuvos, kaip ir kitų Europos valstybių, visuomenė sparčiai sensta. Kintančios demografinės tendencijos: gyventojų senėjimas, gyvenimo trukmės ilgėjimas, asmenų, sergančių lėtinėmis ligomis (pvz., cukriniu diabetu (CD), osteoartroze), gausėjimas daro poveikį asmens fizinei psichologinei ir socialinei gerovei. Dėl to daugeliui senų žmonių reikia įvairių paslaugų. Lietuvos sveikatos statistikos duomenimis, Lietuvoje nuolat didėja sergančiųjų CD skaičius. Ši lėtinė liga lemia reikšmingą sergamumą ir mirtingumą. Didelis visuomenės sveikatos iššūkis yra CD tarp vyresnio amžiaus pagyvenusių žmonių. Vyresnio amžiaus ligoniai, sergantys CD ir dažnai kenčiantys nuo hipoglikemijos epizodų, kur kas labiau rizikuoja susirgti demencija. Tikslas – nustatyti senyvo amžiaus cukriniu diabetu sergančiųjų gyvenimo kokybės, mokymosi motyvacijos ir slaugytojo vaidmens sąsajas. Tyrimo metodika ir metodai. Tyrimas atliktas Lietuvos diabeto asociacijoje (LDA). Pasirinktas anoniminės anketinės apklausos metodas. Tyrime, atliktame 2013 m. kovo–gruodžio mėn., dalyvavo 122 LDA nariai: 60 metų ir vyresni, sergantys 1 tipo ir 2 tipo CD. Duomenų analizė buvo atlikta su SPSS (angl. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) programiniu paketu, 19,0 versija. Rezultatai. Beveik pusė respondentų nurodė, kad jų dabartinė gyvenimo kokybė yra vidutiniška – n = 55 (45,1 %) 0,39 (0,770) balo. Atsakymai apie numanomą jų gyvenimo kokybę rodo – jei jie nesirgtų CD, jų gyvenimo kokybė būtų daug geresnė n = 46 (37,8 proc.) - 2,41 (0,092) balo. Reikšminga atvirkštinė koreliacija buvo gauta tarp pacientų žinių apie CD ir pacientų žinių apie slaugytojo diabetologo teikiamas specializuotas slaugos paslaugas (r=- 0,146, p=0,020). Išvados. Slaugytojas diabetologas siekia padėti sergantiems CD laikytis gydymo ir slaugos rekomendacijų, skatina elgsenos pokyčius ir jų išlaikymą, aiškinasi ir sprendžia kylančius neaiškumus. Sergantieji CD tikisi tikslios, suprantamos informacijos apie savo ligą, jos baigtį. Mokymas yra vienas iš veiksnių, darančių teigiamą įtaką sergančiųjų CD gyvenimo kokybei.
Kombinuotos anestezijos poveikis inkstų funkcijai po vainikinių arterijų šuntavimo, naudojant dirbtinę kraujo apytak
Authors: Kaunienė Agnė , Urbonaitė Aistė , Lenkutis Tadas , Širvinskas Edmundas , Švagždienė Milda
Published: September 2016

Tyrimo tiklas išsiaiškinti bendrinės anestezijos su aukšta epidūrine analgezija (TEA) ir bendrinės anestezijos (BA) poveikį inkstų funkcijai po vainikinių jungčių suformavimo (VAJO) operacijos, dirbtinės kraujo apytakos (DKA) sąlygomis. Medžiaga ir metodai. Į tyrimą įtraukti pacientai (49 - 82 metų), kuriems nuo 2014 m. spalio iki 2015 m. spalio LSMUL KK Širdies, krūtinės ir kraujagyslių chirurgijos klinikoje buvo atliekamos VAJO DKA sąlygomis. Pacientai buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes: BA, jai priklausė pacientai, kuriems taikyta tik bendrinė anestezija (inhaliuojamieji anestetikai ir i/v opiatai); ir TEA (vietinis anestetikas ir BA inhaliuojamieji anestetikai su i/v opiatais) grupę, jai priklausė pacientai, kuriems operacijos metu taikyta aukšta krūtininė epidūrinė anestezija, kombinuota su bendrine anestezija. Tiriamiesiems pacientams tris kartus buvo daromas biocheminis kraujo tyrimas – prieš operaciją, pirmą parą po operacijos, penktą parą po operacijos. Vertintos kreatinino ir šlapalo koncentracijos kraujo serume perioperaciniu laikotarpiu, kurios atspindi inkstų funkcijos sutrikimą [2]. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai. Įvertinus prieš operaciją kreatinino koncentraciją TEA grupėje vidurkis buvo 93,3 ±16 mmol/l, BA grupėje - 95,3 ±23,5 mmol/l (p>0,05). Pirmą parą po operacijos kreatinino vidurkis TEA grupėje buvo 101,3 ±19,3 mmol/l , BA grupėje - 104,81 ±37 mmol/l.(p<0,05). Penktąją parą TEA grupėje kreatinino koncentracija buvo 97 ±14,3mmol/l, o BA grupėje - 103,7 ±31,6 mmol/l. (p<0,05). Įvertinus prieš operaciją šlapalo koncentraciją TEA grupėje vidurkis buvo 4,2±1,19 mmol/l, BA grupėje 5,2 ±1,7 mmol/l (p>0,05). Pirmą parą po operacijos šlapalo vidurkis TEA grupėje 5,6±1,8 mmol/l,BA grupėje 6,2 ±2,0 mmol/l.(p>0,05). Penktąją parą TEA 4,7 ±1,3 mmol/l , o BA 5,8 ±3 mmol/l (p<0,05). Tyrimo išvados. Palyginus abiejų grupių rodiklius, TEA grupėje pastebimas mažesnis kreatinino ir šlapalo koncentracijų kitimas, lyginant koncentracijas prieš operaciją, viena diena po ir penkios dienos po operacijos nei BA grupėje.
Pieninių dantų komplikuoto ėduonies gydymo metodai
Authors: Siurblytė Vitalija , Bendoraitienė Eglė Aida , Slabšinskienė Eglė , Grigalauskienė Rūta , Vasiliauskienė Ingrida , Razmienė Jaunė
Published: September 2016

Pieninių dantų ėduonis yra viena dažniausių vaikų lėtinių ligų, ir tai yra globali problema, ypač neišsivysčiusiose ir besivystančiose šalyse, kur vyrauja žemas pragyvenimo lygis bei prasta socioekonominė padėtis. Odontologinės infekcijos, atsirandančios laiku negydant ėduonies pažeistų dantų, daro neigiamą įtaką bendrai vaiko sveikatai, sukelia mitybos problemas, stresą gydant dantis, ugdymo įstaigų nelankymą, vaikai drovisi bendrauti ir žaisti, o ilgainiui negydytas ėduonis sukelia dar daugiau įvairių komplikacijų - dantų skausmą, minkštųjų audinių tinimą, odontogeninį sepsį, nemigą, valgymo sutrikimus, mažą kūno masės indeksą [2, 27]. Pieninių dantų komplikuoto ėduonies gydymo galimybės yra aktuali tema, nes šalyse, kuriose yra didelis ėduonies paplitimas, vaikų pieninių dantų ėduonis dažniausiai yra negydomas. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami konservatyvūs ir radikalūs pieninių dantų komplikuoto ėduonies gydymo metodai, jiems naudojamos medžiagos.
Sedacija virškinimo trakto endoskopinių procedūrų metu
Authors: Kučinskaitė Rasa , Karbonskienė Aurika
Published: September 2016

Virškinimo trakto (VT) endoskopija turi didelę diagnostinę ir gydomąją vertę. Tačiau šios procedūros metu pacientas dažnai patiria nemalonių pojūčių, tokių kaip refleksogeninių zonų dirginimas, pykinimas, kosulys, pilvo pūtimas, skausmas. Todėl ilgesnės trukmės ar traumatiškas endoskopijas rekomenduojama atlikti taikant vidutinę ar gilią sedaciją. Optimalių medikamentų ir jų derinių sedacijai VT endoskopijų metu vis dar ieškoma. Idealiu atveju medikamentai šiai procedūrai turėtų veikti trumpai, sukelti lengvai valdomo lygio sedaciją be pašalinių reiškinių. Dažniausiai naudojama tradicinė sedacija benzodiazepinais ir opioidais. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiami dažniausiai sedacijai vartojami vaistai ir jų deriniai, lyginamos skirtingos sedacijos taktikos ir medikamentų sukeliami nepageidaujami reiškiniai.
Ligonių, kuriems atlikta aortokoronarinių jungčių suformavimo operacija (AKJO), reabilitacijos efektyvumas
Authors: Atkočiūnas Marius , Kauliūtė Viktorija , Kubilius Raimundas , Samėnienė Jūratė
Published: September 2016

Kardiologinių ligonių reabilitacija yra koordinuotas derinys priemonių, garantuojančių geriausias fizines, psichologines ir socialines sąlygas, kurias pacientai, persirgę ūminėmis širdies ir kraujagyslių ligomis, gali savo pastangomis išsaugoti bei susigrąžinti optimalias funkcijas visuomenėje, gerinti sveiką elgseną, lėtinti ar išvengti ligos progresavimo (PSO). Gera fizinė būklė lemia ne tik žmogaus gyvenimo kiekybę (ilgaamžiškumą), bet ir kokybę (savarankiškumą darbe, buityje). Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti ligonių, kuriems atlikta AKJO, antro reabilitacijos etapo efektyvumą remiantis šešių minučių ėjimo testo, objektyvių tyrimų (AKS, ŠSD) rezultatais, priklausomai nuo lyties, širdies nepakankamumo funkcinės klasės pagal Niujorko širdies asociaciją (NŠA). Tyrimo uždaviniai – nustatyti ligonių, kuriems atlikta AKJO, rizikos veiksnius, kiek suformuota aortokoronarinių jungčių, širdies nepakankamumo klasę pagal Niujorko širdies asociaciją (NŠA), AKS, ŠSD, ,,dvigubos sandaugos‘‘, šešių minučių ėjimo testo pokyčius reabilitacijos eigoje, kasdienių veikų galimybes (pagal MET ir nueitą atstumą per šešias minutes). Atlikta retrospektyvi pacientų duomenų analizė Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Elgesio medicinos institute (II reabilitacijos etapas). Tiriamųjų grupę sudarė 85 ligoniai, kuriems buvo atlikta AKJO: 49 vyrai (57,6 proc.) ir 36 moterys (42,4 proc.). Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis: moterų 64,31±2 m., vyrų 58,24±2 m. Šešių minučių ėjimo testas vertintas du kartus: reabilitacijos pradžioje ir pabaigoje. Rezultatai. Nustatėme, kad pagrindiniai ligonių, kuriems atlikta AKJO, rizikos veiksniai: moterims - dislipidemija, arterinė hipertenzija, rūkymas; vyrams - dislipidemija, arterinė hipertenzija, cukrinis diabetas. Viena aortokoronarinė jungtis buvo suformuota 10,6 proc. ligonių, 71,7 proc. – dvi jungtys, o 17,6 proc. suformuotos trys jungtys. Pagal NŠA I funkcinei klasei priklausė 8,3 proc. ligonių, 48,2 proc. – II, o 43,5 proc. – III funkcinei klasei. Reabilitacijos pabaigoje tarp skirtingų funkcinių klasių pagal NŠA ligonių AKS, ŠSD, ,,dvigubos sandaugos‘‘ reikšmingo pokyčių skirtumo nenustatyta. Lyginant šių rodiklių pokyčius tarp ligonių, kuriems suformuotas skirtingas jungčių skaičius, reikšmingai skyrėsi ligoniams, kuriems suformuotos trys aortokoronarinės jungtys. Išvados. Vertindami reabilitacijos efektyvumą pagal šešių minučių ėjimo testo rezultatus nustatėme, kad visų funkcinių klasių pagal NŠA ligoniams padidėjo nueitas atstumas (p<0,05). Nustatyta, jog ligoniams, priklausiusiems III funkcinei klasei pagal NŠA, reabilitacijos efektyvumas buvo vidutinis, o ligonių, priklausiusių I ir II funkcinėms klasėms pagal NŠA – didelis efektyvumas. Didžiausias nueito atstumo pokytis nustatytas vyrų, kurie priklausė I ir II funkcinėms klasėms pagal NŠA.
Academic Satisfaction of Latino Students: Differences and Predictors
Authors: Edens David , Allen Michael , Steen James
Published: September 2016

Using multiple hierarchical regression, this study investigated how Latino/a students’ characteristics, academic major, campus climate, and faculty interactions explained the variance in students’ levels of satisfaction with advising, course availability, and instruction at highly selective institutions.  Latino/a students’ satisfaction was found to significantly differ from some of their peers, but not from other White students.  The regressions found that campus climate was the most significant predictor of all three areas, followed by student-faculty interactions.
La salud como herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Chávez Darío
Published: September 2016

CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 N° 1 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2014, pp.4-5
Learning to Teach Music in the Context of High-Needs Schools in a Post-Student Teaching Internship
Authors: Abramo Joseph M.
Published: September 2016

This case study examined five preservice music teachers’ experiences with and perceptions of a post-student teaching internship in a high-needs school district, as well as what the participants believed the post-student teaching internship provided them that student teaching placements in thriving programs did not. Participants became frustrated with the school climate created by other professionals—not students—and by music’s inferior status within the district. The frustration with music’s “second-tier” status, in comparison to subjects evaluated through standardized tests, might be an added stress preservice music teachers experience in high-needs schools. These findings might suggest that the praxis shock participants experienced arose from their noninstructional duties and the district culture, not from the classroom. Preparation for high-needs settings perhaps includes developing what might be called “culturally relevant professionalism,” which systematically investigates sociocultural contexts to help preservice teachers learn the noninstructional roles of navigating district cultures.
A case of secondary diabetes mellitus associated with chronic arsenic toxicity
Authors: Moorman John Michael , Boros Melanie L. , Ciltea Daniela , Taverna Josephine , Haller Nairmeen Awad
Published: September 2016

Chronic arsenic exposure leads to systemic illness involving multiple organ systems, and has been associated with the development of diabetes mellitus (DM).  While the majority of the literature surrounding arsenic-induced DM is from areas where the arsenic content of drinking water is high, population-based studies in North America have shown a similar association.  Here, we present a case of newly-diagnosed DM thought to be secondary to chronic arsenic exposure. The patient was a previously healthy 54-year-old female who presented with progressive fatigue, weight loss and anorexia, and eventually developed colitis, cachexia, skin eruptions, and alopecia.  She was also diagnosed with DM, and treatment was complicated by episodes of severe hyper- and hypoglycemia.  She was evaluated for autoimmune, rheumatologic, oncologic, and infectious etiologies of her symptoms, all of which were negative.  Also negative was an extensive workup for secondary causes of DM.  During her final hospitalization, she underwent a workup for heavy metal toxicity, which revealed elevated serum (11 mcg/L, reference range < 5 mcg/L) and urine (233.5 mcg/gram creatinine, reference range < 50 mcg/gram creatinine) arsenic levels.  A diagnosis of arsenic toxicity was made, and the patient underwent chelation therapy with British anti-Lewisite (BAL). This is an interesting case of DM that was thought to be secondary to chronic arsenic exposure.  While BAL was effective at lowering arsenic levels, we were unable to observe clinical improvement due to the patient’s death shortly after completion of therapy.  In cases where other secondary causes of DM are ruled out, it may be prudent to evaluate for heavy metal toxicity to allow for early diagnosis and initiation of treatment.  Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of different treatment strategies for arsenic-induced DM, and whether resolution of arsenic toxicity will reverse the diabetogenic effects.
Social Environment Determinants of Life Expectancy in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Hassan Fatin Aminah , Minato Nobuaki , Ishida Shuichi , Mohamed Nor Norashidah
Published: September 2016

Despite remarkable improvements in health over the past 50 years, there still remain a great number of health challenges around the world. This study examined the relationship between life expectancy rate (as a proxy for health status) with health expenditure, gross domestic product, education index, improved water coverage, and improved sanitation facilities in 108 selected developing countries using annual panel data within the period of 2006–2010. The empirical results from using the panel data approach showed a positive relationship between life expectancy rate and all of those explanatory variables. The relationship between life expectancy with education index and gross domestic product were significant at 1% and 5% significance levels, respectively. Furthermore, the causality finding showed that there is no short-run causality between life expectancy and its determinants. There is a unidirectional causality running from the independent variables of health expenditure, education index, improved water, and improved sanitation to life expectancy at birth. On the other hand, bidirectional causality exists between life expectancy and income in the long-run by employing VECM test.  These independent variables can be considered as important determinants for investment in health status in the long-run. This study could be used as a guideline and may be significant for future researchers and policy makers who aim to improve the life expectancy in developing countries.
Pragmatic Failure of Turkish EFL Learners in Request Emails to Their Professors
Authors: Burgucu-Tazegul Assiye , Han Turgay , Engin Ali Osman
Published: September 2016

In an established convention regarding the e-mail communication setting, the e-mails should be linguistically polite to facilitate interaction by reducing the likelihood of conflicts and preventing pragmatic failure regarding the comprehension of any meaning conveyed by what is stated. These are potential problems for most English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL)/English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to investigate the issue in Turkish EFL context (i.e. the English request emails of Turkish EFL university students to their non-native professors). Specifically, the extent of directness used and the extent and nature of lexical modification employed by Turkish EFL students to mitigate their requests were examined by using authentic data. The data is a part of natural e-mail corpus of 34 Turkish EFL students’ e-mail requests to their two non-native foreign professors over a period of 2 months at English-medium University in Turkey. First, the corpus was coded via coding schemes, (see Appendices A and C) and ranked with a rubric (Appendix B). The results indicated that the Turkish EFL students’ e-mails involved a) direct strategies rather than conventional indirect strategies, b) overusing direct questions and ‘want’ statements, c) underused query preparatory questions, d) insufficient mitigation causing directness and impoliteness, and e) inappropriate greetings and closing statements affecting degree of direction. It is implicated that e-mail instruction (to recipient in various degrees) should be included in EFL books and curricula.
Knowledge of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder of Behavior Modification Methods and Their Training Needs Accordingly
Authors: Deeb Raid Mousa Al-Shaik
Published: September 2016

The study aimed at identifying knowledge of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder of behavior modification methods and their training needs accordingly. The sample of the study consisted of (98) parents in Jordan. A scale of behavior modification methods was constructed, and then validated.

The results of the study showed that the knowledge of the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder was medium. The highest percent was for satiation style, and the least for generalization style.

The study also revealed that parents need to be trained in six methods of behavior modification. The most important need was for generalization style then the effectiveness of reinforcement. Study finally revealed that there are significant differences in parents’ knowledge of behavior modification due to parent’s gender in favor of mothers but there were no significant differences due to parents’ education, child’s gender, and child’s age.
Early Intervention Services, Importance and Availability Extent from Workers Point of View, Who Serves in the Intellectual Disability Centers in Ma’an, Jordan
Authors: Almsbhieen Moneera Meheel
Published: September 2016

This study aims to highlight the importance of early intervention as to intellectual disabled children, level of its availability through the point of view generated from workers in Intellectual disability centers at Ma’an–Jordan. Moreover, we shall discuss herein the differences that carry statistical significance in early intervention services offered for intellectual disabled children that may be attributed to variables of gender, experience, qualification, specialty and center location.

The study sample has been formed from all workers at centers derived from the Ministry of Social development that offers its services to the intellectual disabled children, totaled at 44 (13males and 31 females).

In order to achieve the study aim, the researcher developed the study tool represented by a questionnaire consisting of two scopes; Importance of early intervention and its availability level, of 37 items. After confirming the tool stability and accuracy it has been applied on the study sample, then data was collected. We employed statistical methods; Person correlation coefficients, SMAs, Standard deviations and analyzing the multiple contrast.

The outcomes refer that the early intervention services importance is extremely high, and its availability is also at good level in the intellectual disability centers at Ma’an city. There were not differences of statistical significance at 0.5 level as to early intervention services importance offered for intellectual disabled children which are attributed to variables; gender, experience, qualification, specialty and center location. On the other hand, it was noticed the absence of differences of statistical significance at the level of early intervention services offered for intellectual disabled children that may be attributed to variables; gender, experience, qualification and specialty. While we noticed that there are differences of statistical significance as to the location variable. On the light of the generated outcomes we presented herein guiding and educational instructions in that regard.
Solving Geometric Problems by Using Algebraic Representation for Junior High School Level 3 in Van Hiele at Geometric Thinking Level
Authors: Suwito Abi , Yuwono Ipung , Parta I Nengah , Irawati Santi , Oktavianingtyas Ervin
Published: September 2016

This study aims to determine the ability of algebra students who have 3 levels van Hiele levels. Follow its framework Dindyal framework (2007). Students are required to do 10 algebra shaped multiple choice, then students work 15 about the geometry of the van Hiele level in the form of multiple choice questions. The question has been tested levels of validity and reliability. After learning abilities and levels van Hiele algebra, students were asked to answer two questions descriptions to determine the ability of students in answering the question of algebraic geometry punctuated by interviews. From this study illustrated that students who have achieved level 3 van Hiele able to properly solve problems of algebraic geometry in the content by utilizing the deduction reasoning thinking skills to build the structure geometry in an axiomatic system in solving the problems faced. Teachers play an important role in pushing the speed students through a higher level of thinking through the right exercises. Suggestions for further research can develop on different topics but still within the context of algebraic geometry.
A Hypothetical Model for the Formation of Transition Metal Carbonyl Clusters Based upon 4n Series Skeletal Numbers
Authors: Kiremire Enos Masheija Rwantale
Published: September 2016

Skeletal numbers of elements have been introduced as derivatives of the 4n series method. They are based on the number of valence electrons present in the skeletal element. They are extremely useful in deducing possible shapes of skeletal elements in molecules or clusters especially the small to medium ones. For large skeletal clusters, the skeletal numbers may simply be regarded as identity numbers. In carbonyl clusters, they can be used as a guide to facilitate the distribution of the ligands such as CO, H and charges onto the skeletal atoms. A naked skeletal cluster may be viewed as a reservoir for skeletal linkages which get utilized when ligands or electrons get bound to it. The sum of linkages used up by the ligands bound to a skeletal fragment and the remaining cluster skeletal numbers is equal to the number of the skeletal linkages present in the original ‘naked parent’ skeletal cluster. The skeletal numbers can be used as a quick way of testing whether or not a skeletal atom obeys the 8-or 18-electron rules.
Juridical Decrees in Nisa Sura
Authors: Bigonah Roya , Shafaemehr Ahmad
Published: September 2016

Quran is the primary source for recognition of religious teachings, jurisprudence decrees and social and personal relationships and at the same time, it is the perfect source. Quran is definite in terms of issuance and fundamentalists considered authority for the Quranic verses. Major part of Quranic verses indicate principles of Islam doctrine, for example verses about the God, hereafter, heaven and hell, reward and punishment indicate beliefs. Another part of verses express the ethical aspect and relationships among Muslims. For example, verses related to the forgiveness, avoiding lie, gossip and hypocrisy and the importance of piety are Quranic ethical verses. Third part of the verses which are less than two other parts are verses related to the decrees. Nisa is one of juridical Sura in the Quran and it has numerous juridical decrees in itself. It is the fourth Sura of Quran. In fact, the major theme of this Sura is legislation. It seems that one point that should be considered in the inference and extraction of decree verses is the abrogating and abrogated knowledge of verses and whether they revealed in the Mecca or Medina. Otherwise, abrogated verses may use as the juridical decree for inference and a false decree issues. This research seeks to study the juridical decrees of Nisa Sura.
Comparative Analysis of Qarun Story in Quran and Bible
Authors: Memari Davood , Aghayi Mojgan
Published: September 2016

As a symbol of wealth, Qarun life is amalgamated with arrogance and rebellion in three Surahs of Quran: Al-Qasas (Stories), Al-Ankabut (Spider) and Ghafir (Forgiver). In Al-Ankabut and Ghafir just one Ayah (line) is dedicated to Qarun story, but Al-Qasas portrays his pride and intoxication of unlimited wealth which was followed by him forgetting God and kindness with others, and lastly his death in seven ayahs. Based on Quran, Qarun is from Moses (peace be upon him) tribe but he oppressed his own people. He was very wealthy and believed his wealth was just the result of his competency and merit. His people benevolently advised him, and also God reminds him and all those who are like Qarun that there were some even more powerful and avarice people than Qarun him but all died. Yet he again refused to donate his wealth and began to show off, and the worldly minded wished they had been in his place. Then God’s torment was descended and he commanded the earth to devour Qarun and his house. Bible, like Quran, describes his fate in “Ishah 16, Journey of Numbers” under the Hebrew name of “Qarun bin Izhar bin Kohath bin Levi”: “Qarun is Moses cousin, but as he was jealous of Moses and Aaron, he rebelled against Moses with collaboration of Dathan, Abiram, and Oan and 250 of leaders of Bani Israel. After that earth opened its mouth and devoured Qarun, Dathan and Abiram. Afterward a fire came from Lord and burnt the remaining of his companions. Here in this study we are going to compare these texts as nowadays it is necessary to discuss these natters enabling us to unite followers of holy religions and preventing discord.
Survey of Irradiation Practice for the Prevention of Transfusion-Associated Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Pritchard Aaron E. , Shaz Beth H.
Published: September 2016

Context.—Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease is a rare, often fatal complication of cellular blood product transfusion. The requirement that at-risk groups receive irradiated products reduces the incidence of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. A comprehensive survey of irradiation practices has not been performed since 1989; meanwhile, new indications for irradiation have emerged.

Objective.—To assess current irradiation practices at College of American Pathologists member institutions. Changes in irradiation practice indicated by comparing results of a survey of irradiation practices in 1989 with those of a survey performed in 2014 may reveal how the field has developed and what areas (if any) remain to be improved.

Design.—A supplemental College of American Pathologists survey was sent out with questions regarding irradiation practices for specific conditions and circumstances. The questions included conditions for which irradiation is generally considered required for the prevention of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease as well as those not considered to be a special risk.

Results.—An average of 2100 organizations responded to each question regarding their irradiation practices. Irradiation for transfusion from blood relatives, human leukocyte antigen–matched products, preterm infants, and Hodgkin disease were the most common indications cited. A few organizations had universal irradiation, whereas others irradiated products by floor/unit or by service.

Conclusions.—For some at-risk populations irradiation of cellular blood products is more common than in 1989, whereas for others this practice has been reduced. Although gains have been made since the last national survey of irradiation practices, work remains to eliminate the possibility of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease from known at-risk populations.
Automated Bright-Field Dual-Color In Situ Hybridization for MDM2: Interobserver Reproducibility and Correlation With Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in a Series of Soft Tissue Consults
Authors: Zhang Gloria , Lanigan Christopher P. , Goldblum John R. , Tubbs Raymond R. , Downs-Kelly Erinn
Published: September 2016

Context.—Atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas contain alterations in the 12q13-15 region resulting in amplification of MDM2 and nearby genes. Identifying MDM2 amplification is a useful ancillary test, as the histologic mimics of atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas have consistently shown a lack of MDM2 amplification.

Objective.—To assess the interobserver reproducibility of a bright-field assay for MDM2 amplification (dual-color, dual-hapten in situ hybridization [DDISH]) among reviewers with varying degrees of experience with the assay and to assess the concordance of MDM2 DDISH with MDM2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Design.—In total, 102 cases were assessed in parallel for MDM2 by FISH and DDISH. MDM2 amplification was defined as an MDM2 to chromosome 12 ratio of 2.0 or greater, whereas an MDM2 to chromosome 12 ratio of less than 2 was nonamplified. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was scored in the routine clinical laboratory and DDISH was evaluated by 3 different pathologists blinded to the final diagnosis and FISH results.

Results.—Fluorescence in situ hybridization categorized 27 cases (26%) as MDM2 amplified and 75 cases (74%) as nonamplified; the consensus DDISH diagnosis was 98% concordant with FISH. Agreement between MDM2 DDISH by each reviewer and MDM2 FISH was highly concordant (99%, 98%, and 98%, respectively, for reviewers 1, 2 and 3). The κ agreement of the 3 reviewers scoring DDISH was excellent (κ = 0.949, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively, for reviewers 1, 2, and 3).

Conclusions.—This study highlights excellent concordance between DDISH and FISH in MDM2 copy number assessment. Moreover, excellent interobserver reproducibility of the DDISH assay was found among reviewers with varying levels of experience evaluating bright-field assays.
Intraductal Tubulopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: An Update From a Pathologist's Perspective
Authors: Rooney Sarah L. , Shi Jiaqi
Published: September 2016

Context.—Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a rare intraductal epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas recently recognized as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization classification in 2010. It is defined as an intraductal, grossly visible, tubule-forming epithelial neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia and ductal differentiation without overt production of mucin. The diagnosis can be challenging owing to morphologic overlap with other intraductal lesions and its rarity. While recent advances in molecular genetic studies of ITPN have provided new tools to facilitate clinical diagnosis, the limited number of cases has yielded limited follow-up data to guide management.

Objective.—To provide a clinical, pathologic, and molecular update on ITPN with respect to clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, biological behavior, molecular characteristics, and treatment options.

Data Sources.—Analysis of the pertinent literature (PubMed) and authors' research and clinical practice experience based on institutional and consultation materials.

Conclusions.—Clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathology, immunohistochemistry studies, molecular characteristics, prognosis, and treatment options of ITPN are reviewed. Important differential diagnoses with other intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas—especially intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm—using histopathologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical studies, are discussed. Despite the recent progress, more studies are necessary to assess the biology and genetics of ITPN for a better understanding of the prognostic factors and treatment options.