bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor Recovery Depends on Timing of Surgery in Patients With Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Thomé Claudius , Kögl Nikolaus , Grassner Lukas , Vo Anh Khoa , Kramer John Lawrence Kipling , Petr Ondra
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Although approximately half of the patients undergoing lumbar disk surgery present with motor deficits, timing of surgery for radicular weakness is largely unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the impact of surgical timing on motor recovery in patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) and to identify an ideal time window for intervention.

METHODS:

In a single-center observational trial, 390 patients with LDH-associated motor deficits were prospectively followed for a minimum of 12 months after nonelective microscopic disk surgery. The duration of motor deficit before surgery was documented. Motor function was graded according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Statistical analysis of motor recovery applied unbiased recursive partitioning conditional inference tree to determine cutoff times for optimal surgical intervention. The slope of recovery calculated as the change of the MRC grade over time served as the primary outcome.

RESULTS:

A preoperative motor deficit of MRC ≤2/5 and the duration of paresis were identified as the most important predictors of recovery (P < .001). Surgery within 3 days was associated with a better recovery for both severe and moderate/mild deficits (P = .017 for MRC ≤ 2/5; P < .001 for MRC > 2/5; number needed to treat [NNT] <2). A sensitivity analysis in mild motor deficits indicated a cutoff of 8 days.

CONCLUSION:

Timing of surgery is crucial for motor recovery in LDH-associated deficits. Immediate diagnosis, imaging, and referral should be aimed for to allow disk surgery within 3 days in patients with severe and moderate radicular weakness. If functionally disabling, even mild deficits may warrant decompression within a week.
Οι γυναίκες μουσικοί στην ελληνιστική περίοδο
Authors: Ζαχαρτζή Ουρανία
Published: January 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται την σχέση του γυναικείου φύλου με τη μουσική κατά την ελληνιστική περίοδο (323-30 π.Χ.), μέσω των εικονογραφικών μαρτυριών. Η μουσική αποτελεί συστατικό στοιχείο της ζωής των θνητών και των θεών. Ανεξάρτητα αν πρόκειται για επαγγελματία ή φιλόμουση, η μουσική έχει πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο σε κάθε πτυχή της γυναικείας ζωής από τη γέννηση έως και πέρα από τον θάνατο. Ομοίως, μουσική δραστηριότητα αναπτύσσουν και οι γυναικείες θεότητες με σκοπό την προσωπική ευχαρίστηση, τη διατήρηση ανοιχτού διαύλου επικοινωνίας με τις λατρεύτριες για την παροχή βοήθειας προς αυτές και την εξασφάλιση αιώνιας προστασίας.
Design, development and evaluation on decision making algorithms, based on innovative smart energy networks
Authors: Μαμουνάκης Ιωάννης
Published: January 2022

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή προτείνει και υλοποιεί μια νέα αρχιτεκτονική στα ενεργειακά μικροδίκτυα καθώς και μια καινοτόμα πλατφόρμα διαχείρισης ενέργειας (πλατφόρμα VMGA), η οποία παρακολουθεί και ελέγχει τους παραγωγούς-καταναλωτές ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Οι κύριοι στόχοι της πλατφόρμας είναι: α) η δημιουργία πραγματικών και προγνωστικών δεδομένων από μεμονωμένους πελάτες, β) η επικοινωνία με τους φορείς της αγοράς και η σύναψη συμφωνιών για συγκεκριμένες συμβάσεις / υπηρεσίες που θα εκτελούνται σε προκαθορισμένο χρονικό πλαίσιο, γ) ο σχεδιασμός, ανάπτυξη και επικύρωση λήψης αποφάσεων για τη δυναμική δημιουργία υποδομών μικρο-δικτύων ενέργειας, δ) η γνωστοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων των συμβάσεων/υπηρεσιών σε κάθε παραγωγό-καταναλωτή προκειμένου να επιτευχθούν συγκεκριμένες δράσεις απόκρισης ζήτησης , ε) η συμμετοχή σε απελευθερωμένες αγορές ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας σύμφωνα με το κανονιστικό πλαίσιο της Ε.Ε. Οι παραπάνω στόχοι επιτυχγάνονται με την υλοποίηση 1) προβλεπτικών αλγορίθμων παραγωγής και κατανάλωσης, 2) με δυναμικούς λαγόριθμους τιμολόγησης, 3) με δυναμικούς αλγόριθμους ομαδοποίησης παραγωγών-κατναλωτών. Οι σχέσεις μεταξύ χρηστών των κοινωνικών δικτύων αξιοποιούνται μέσω της ανάπτυξης του GSRN module, σε συνδυασμό με οικονομικά μοντέλα για αλλαγή συμπεριφοράς χρηστών (όπως peer pressure). Αυτά οδηγούν στη δημιουργία, της δυναμικής προσαρμογής και της διαχείρισης των εικονικών ενεργειακών κοινοτήτων (VECs -clustering) που στοχεύουν να ενεργοποιήσουν τις αλλαγές συμπεριφοράς με στόχο την βελτίωση της ενεργειακής αποδοτικότητας και τους οικονομικού τους ωφέλους. Οι προτεινόμενες τεχνικές τιμολόγησης, ομαδοποίησης παραγωγών-καταναλωτών και διαχείρισης της ανανεώσιμης ενέργειάς τους καθώς και η διαχείριση όλων των δεδομένων έχουν υλοποιηθεί με τεχνολογίες όπως: 1) Ruby on Rails, 2) Python, 3) PostegreSQL Επιπλέον επωφελούμενοι από μια προτεινόμενη-καινοτόμο υβριδική υποδομή (HCCI), η οποία επιτρέπει εκτεταμένες υπολογιστικές εργασίες να εκτελούνται σε μικρότερο χρονικό εγγυόνται για την επιτυχή λειτουργία του προτεινόμενου συστήματος-αρχιτεκτονικής και εκτέλεση των αλγορίθμων στο σύνολό τους.
Community-based models of care for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus among non-pregnant adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Firima Emmanuel , Gonzalez Lucia , Huber Jacqueline , Belus Jennifer M. , Raeber Fabian , Gupta Ravi , Mokhohlane Joalane , Mphunyane Madavida , Amstutz Alain , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel
Published: January 2022

Background: The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, including sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). However, awareness of and access to T2DM diagnosis and care remain low in SSA, leading to delayed treatment, early morbidity, and mortality. Particularly in rural settings with long distances to health care facilities, community-based care models may contribute to increased timely diagnosis and care. This scoping review aims to summarize and categorize existing models of community-based care for T2DM among non-pregnant adults in SSA, and to synthesize the evidence on acceptance, clinical outcomes, and engagement in care.

Method and analysis: This review will follow the framework suggested by Arskey and O’Malley, which has been further refined by Levac et al. and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Electronic searches will be performed in Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus, supplemented with backward and forward citation searches. We will include cohort studies, randomized trials and case-control studies that report cases of non-pregnant individuals diagnosed with T2DM in SSA who receive a substantial part of care in the community. Our outcomes of interest will be model acceptability, blood sugar control, end organ damage, and patient engagement in care. A narrative analysis will be conducted, and comparisons made between community-based and facility-based models, where within-study comparison is reported.

Conclusion: Care for T2DM has become a global health priority. Community-based care may be an important add-on approach especially in populations with poor access to health care facilities. This review will inform policy makers and program implementers on different community-based models for care of T2DM in SSA, and critically appraise their acceptability and clinical outcomes. It will further identify evidence gaps and future research priorities in community-based T2DM care.
Emocje – ich znaczenie i zadania
Authors: Gałuszka Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

Emocje są to stany psychiczne, wywołujące określone zmiany fizjologiczne (np. wydzielanie adrenaliny),somatyczne (np. zmiana postawy ciała, mimiczne- mina „smutna” lub „przerażona”), poznawcze (np.pojawienie się myśli o ucieczce na widok groźnego psa), związane z zachowaniem (np. zwiększona czujność, ucieczka).W skład procesu emocjonalnego wchodzą trzy podstawowe komponenty:pobudzenie emocjonalne, prowadzące do zmian mobilizacyjnych w organizmie, uświadomienie sobie znaczenia tych zmian, specyficzne i jakościowe cechy zdarzenia mającego znaczenie dla człowieka. Rodzaje reakcji emocjonalnych: fizjologiczna, psychologiczna, behawioralna. Istnieją różne typy emocji, które są klasyfikowane w kolejności od najbardziej podstawowych do emocji wyuczonych w różnych kontekstach, dlatego wyróżnia się emocje podstawowe (wrodzone i reagują na bodziec, zalicza się tu: złość, smutek, radość, strach, zaskoczenie, niechęć) i wtórne (powstają po pierwotnej emocji, wstydzie, poczuciu winy, dumie, niepokoju, zazdrości, nadziei). Pozytywne i negatywne emocje: wpływają na zachowania ludzi, więc niektóre emocje mogą generować pozytywne działania lub reakcje, takie jak radość lub satysfakcja, ale są też inne emocje, które powodują szkodliwe uczucia dla jednostki.
Autyzm jako wyzwanie w wymiarze medycznym, diagnostyczny i terapeutyczny
Authors: Jach-Salamon Natalia
Published: January 2022

Wprowadzenie i cel pracy: Autyzm stanowi całościowe, rozległe zaburzenie rozwoju. Wpływa na przebieg różnych procesów i znacznie ogranicza osobom nim dotkniętym, możliwość samodzielnego, niezależnego od opieki innych ludzi, życia. Zgodnie ze współczesną wiedzą autyzm zaliczany jest do problemów o podłożu neurobiologicznym. Budzi on duże zainteresowanie badaczy, pozostając wciąż stosunkowo słabo poznanym [24]. Celem pracy był przegląd wiedzy w obszarze wieloaspektowego podłoża autyzmu oraz diagnostycznego i terapeutycznego charakteru zaburzeń autystycznych.

Opis stanu wiedzy: Obecnie autyzm traktowany jest jako zaburzenie neurorozwojowe, którego objawy ujawniają się zwykle przed osiągnięciem przez dziecko wieku trzech lat. Osoby dotknięte tym zaburzeniem przejawiają deficyty w zakresie interakcji społecznych, komunikacji werbalnej i niewerbalnej, jak również prezentują zaburzone (ograniczone lub stereotypowe) wzorce zachowania. Autyzm jako schorzenie niejednorodne, może również współistnieć z różnego rodzaju zaburzeniami m.in. upośledzeniem umysłowym, padaczką, zaburzeniami lękowymi czy nastroju [1, 35].

Podsumowanie: Prognozy dotyczące rozwoju, stopnia przystosowania się i wyjścia z autyzmu nie są optymistyczne. Mimo postępów w diagnozowaniu, terapii i edukacji sukces w postaci pełnego wyleczenia jest wciąż „rzadki”. Natomiast istotny jest fakt, że sytuacja osób dotkniętych tych zaburzeniem rozwoju stopniowo poprawia się, dzięki coraz lepszym programom edukacyjnym oraz terapeutycznym, jak również dzięki podejmowanym inicjatywom na rzecz zwiększania możliwości uczestniczenia tych osób w życiu społecznym.
Scheduling Parallel-Task Jobs Subject to Packing and Placement Constraints
Authors: Shafiee Mehrnoosh , Ghaderi Javad
Published: January 2022

Jobs in modern parallel-computing frameworks, such as Hadoop and Spark, are subject to several constraints. In these frameworks, the data are typically distributed across a cluster of machines and is processed in multiple stages. Therefore, tasks that belong to the same stage (job) have a collective completion time that is determined by the slowest task in the collection. Furthermore, a task’s processing time is machine dependent, and each machine is capable of processing multiple tasks at a time subject to its capacity. In “Scheduling Parallel-Task Jobs Subject to Packing and Placement Constraints,” by Mehrnoosh Shafiee and Javad Ghaderi, multiple approximation algorithms with theoretical guarantees are provided to solve the problem under preemptive and nonpreemptive scenarios. The numerical results, using a real traffic trace, demonstrate that the algorithms yield significant gains over the prior approaches.
Assessing Nonresponse Bias in Farm Injury Surveillance Data
Authors: Beseler Cheryl L. , Rautiainen Risto H.
Published: January 2022

Highlights

Despite a response rate of about 18%, there was scant evidence of nonresponse bias.

Farm and ranch characteristics of operations responding to a mailed survey were similar to those not responding.

Responders were significantly more likely to be married but only slightly older and more educated than nonresponders.

Earlier survey responders reported more injuries and greater severity when injured compared to later responders.

Abstract. Nonresponse bias in a survey can result in misleading estimates of agricultural injuries and can misdirect prevention efforts aimed at reducing the burden of injuries on farmers. Responders (n = 2,977) and nonresponders (n = 13,849) were compared based on demographics and agricultural production characteristics to identify underrepresented subgroups. Injury characteristics were compared between early (n = 1,667) and late (n = 1,309) responders. Methods accounted for correlated data, sample size inflation of p-values, and assessment of meaningful differences. Few differences were identified between responders and nonresponders. Responders differed from nonresponders by state of residence, and responders were more likely to be married. Other characteristics (age, gender, education, farm size, crops grown, animals raised) were similar across groups. Early responders reported more injuries and more often sought medical care for an injury than late responders. The differences identified between responders and nonresponders were minimal and not likely to create bias. Differential reporting of injury and injury severity between early and late responders is worthy of further investigation. Keywords: Agriculture, Epidemiologic methods, Farm, Injury, Nonresponse bias, Occupational health, Ranch, Safety, Surveillance, Survey.
Enhancement of 3D Point Cloud Contents Using 2D Image Super Resolution Network
Authors: Park Seonghwan , Kim Junsik , Hwang Yonghae , Suh Doug Young , Kim Kyuheon
Published: January 2022

Media technology has been developed to give users a sense of immersion. Recent media using 3D spatial data, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, has attracted attention. A point cloud is a data format that consists of a number of points, and thus can express 3D media using coordinates and color information for each point. Since a point cloud has a larger capacity than 2D images, a technology to compress the point cloud is required, i.e., standardized in the international standard organization MPEG as a video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC). V-PCC decomposes 3D point cloud data into 2D patches along orthogonal directions, and those patches are placed into a 2D image sequence, and then compressed using existing 2D video codecs. However, data loss may occur while converting a 3D point cloud into a 2D image sequence and encoding this sequence using a legacy video codec. This data loss can cause deterioration in the quality of a reconstructed point cloud. This paper proposed a method of enhancing a reconstructed point cloud by applying a super resolution network to the 2D patch image sequence of a 3D point cloud.
Holography: 50th Anniversary of Dennis Gabor’s Nobel Prize. Part I. A historical perspective
Authors: Beléndez Augusto , Sheridan John T. , Pascual Inmaculada
Published: January 2022

A historical review of the origins of holography is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the contributions of Gabor, Denisyuk and Leith to the development of holography, to motivate and inspire students and young researchers.
Modular Open-Source Toolbox for Optics Education (openUC2)
Authors: Marsikova Barbora , Lachmann René , Bingoel Eda , Heintzmann Rainer , Diederich Benedict
Published: January 2022

We present a modular open-source toolbox compiled into comprehensive educational kits. The hardware is supported by manuals and documentation that together provide an accessible tool and lower the entry barrier of studying optics and microscopy.
Enriching the Course Material for Principle and Technology of Laser: Structured Light as an example
Authors: Liu Jing , Peng Siyu
Published: January 2022

Structured light is one of the research frontiers in optics and phonics. By introducing structured light into principle and technology of laser, the physics insight can be enhanced, and the simulation and experimental capability can be well trained.
Biophotonics computer app: fostering multidisciplinary distance self-paced learning with a user-friendly interface
Authors: Nogueira Marcelo Saito , Gunther Jacqueline Elizabeth , Jayet Baptiste , Matias Jean Souza , Tyndall Caitriona , Andersson-Engels Stefan
Published: January 2022

The biophotonics app enables multidisciplinary and self-paced learning in both in-person or virtual environments. The app can work offline and has a user-friendly interface well accepted by students. App instructions are publicly available.
Improving Student Learning: The Dual Roles of Conceptual Understanding and Reasoning Ability
Authors: Heron Paula R.L.
Published: January 2022

Research shows that dual-process theories of reasoning – the fast and slow processes that govern reasoning and decision-making in everyday life – can explain student responses to physics questions. Examples and instructional implications will be discussed.
Creating a quantum community in Latin America
Authors: Venegas-Gomez Araceli
Published: January 2022

Emerging technologies develop at a different pace in the various regions around the world. This year, Quantum Latino was born to raise awareness and promote quantum technologies to build a connected quantum community in Latin America.
Spatiotemporal mode-locked sub-hertz fundamental linewidth soliton microcombs for photonic flywheel
Authors: Nie Mingming , Xie Yijun , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: January 2022

Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth soliton microcombs consisting of multiple eigenmodes are demonstrated in an ultra-high-Q graded-index fiber FP microresonator. The feedback-free SBS-assisted comb generation and stabilization enables ultralow-noise microwave generation.
On-Chip Kerr Broadening of an Electro-Optic Pulse Source on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Cheng Rebecca , Yu Mengjie , Reimer Christian , Zhang Mian , Lončar Marko
Published: January 2022

We realize resonant Kerr broadening of an integrated-electro-optic-modulator-based femtosecond pulse source using a high-Q 30-GHz microresonator on thin-film lithium niobate. A frequency comb spectrum spanning over 100 nm is generated using 16 mW average on-chip power and 0.53 pJ pulse energy.
High-Order Sum-Frequency Process, Large Walk-Off and Soliton Frequency Combs in chi-2 Microresonators
Authors: Skryabin D.V. , Puzyrev D.N. , Villois A. , Pankratov V.V.
Published: January 2022

Phase-matching the non-degenerate sum-frequency process to a large sideband order is demonstrated to be the key factor allowing to generate the repetition-rate locked two-color bright-soliton frequency combs in chi-2 microresonators with the otherwise large difference of the group velocities, i.e., the walk-off parameter, between the fundamental and 2nd harmonic pulses.
Deciphering configuration of multiple chiral fibers in the focal volume of second harmonic generation microscope
Authors: Alizadeh Mehdi , Habach Fayez , Akens Margarete K. , Kalnaityte Agne , Bagdonas Saulius , Barzda Virginijus
Published: January 2022

Crossing fibers have a high impact on the results of polarimetric second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Nonlinear response of crossing chiral fibers in the focal volume of a polarimetric SHG microscope has been studied.
Radial Polarization with Spherulite Structures Grown in an Oleoresin
Authors: Ama Amante T. , Guerrero Raphael A.
Published: January 2022

Spherulites as polarizing needles are grown within an oleoresin extracted from an indigenous Philippine plant. A polarizing cell is fabricated with the oleoresin as the primary component. Radial polarization of Gaussian and Bessel beams is demonstrated.
Mapping of Nonlinear Response via a Modulated Airy Beam
Authors: Jia Pengbo , Wu Juan , Bongiovanni Domenico , Zhang Ling , Hu Yi , Morandotti Roberto , Chen Zhigang , Xu Jingjun
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a method for efficient direct mapping of nonlinear optical response of a material into the spatial profile of a modulated Airy beam. An optimal modulation is found to reach high quality mapping.
Mutual self structuring and novel Kerr-like fragmentation in coupled light/matter-wave interactions
Authors: Henderson Grant , Robb Gordon R. M. , Oppo Gian-Luca , Yao Alison M.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate fragmentation of coherent vortex light beams propagating through a Bose-Einstein Condensate. We show the dependence on the beam’s orbital an- gular momentum and the novel formation of coupled light/matter-wave solitons carrying angular momentum.
Numerical modelling of conical wave formation in multimode optical fibers
Authors: Majchrowska Sylwia , Tarnowski Karol , Bejót Pierre , Kibler Bertrand
Published: January 2022

In this work, we present the results of numerical modelling of nonlinear pulse propagation in multimode optical fibers leading to discretized conical emission. We com- pare the corresponding mode-resolved spectra generated in different multimode fibers.
Nonlinear optical characterization of deuterated silicon-rich nitride waveguides
Authors: Chia X. X. , Chen G. F. R. , Cao Y. M. , Ng D. K. T. , Xing P. , Tan D. T. H.
Published: January 2022

Nonlinear optical characterization of Silicon-Rich Nitride waveguides fabricated using deuterated silane are presented. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy reveals the absence of Si-H and N-H related bonds known to cause optical absorption close to a wavelength of 1550nm.
Neural Network Computing using a Semiconductor Multimode Laser
Authors: Porte Xavier , Skalli Anas , Haghighi Nasibeh , Reitzenstein Stephan , Lott James A. , Brunner Daniel
Published: January 2022

We implement a fully parallel photonic neural network based on the spatially distributed modes of a large-area semiconductor laser. All photonic connections are realized in hardware and the system is capable of autonomous operation.
Generation of quadruple frequency instead of triple one due to the terahertz pulses interaction with cubic nonlinear medium
Authors: Melnik Maksim , Artser Ilya , Ismagilov Azat , Putilin Sergey , Tcypkin Anton , Kozlov Sergei
Published: January 2022

Experimental results and theoretical analysis of single-cycle terahertz pulse interaction with cubic nonlinear medium shows that the generation of radiation at triple frequencies disappears. It is replaced by the generation of radiation at quadruple frequencies.
Concentration Dependence of Two-Photon Absorption Excitation Action Cross-Section in Rhodamine B
Authors: Malagon C. Bedoya , Pellaton M. , Tigreros A. , Portilla J. , Valencia A. , Nunẽz Portela M.
Published: January 2022

Here we measured the two-photon excitation action cross-section for different concentrations of RhB using the z-scan technique with a laser at 817 nm. Results show the quadratic dependence and a decreasing cross-section for higher concentrations.
Nonlinear Transfer-Matrix Method for Third-Harmonic Generation in One-Dimensional Photonic Hypercrystal
Authors: Buranasiri Prathan , Wicharn Surawut
Published: January 2022

We analytically develop a nonlinear transfer-matrix method to analyze third-harmonic generation by oblique incidence of undepleted fundamental-harmonic wave in one-dimensional photonic hypercrystal. This method can predict optimal conditions for achieving the maximum third-harmonic conversion efficiency.
Highly efficient generation of UV laser pulses with controllable periodic intensity modulation
Authors: Kuzmin I.V. , Mironov S. Yu , Martyanov M.A. , Poteomkin A.K. , Poteomkin A.K.
Published: January 2022

A method of fourth harmonic generation of linearly chirped profiled laser pulses with controllable periodic intensity modulation is proposed and numerically verified.
Self-similar propagation of optical pulses in fiber amplifiers with positive even-order dispersion
Authors: Jia Xueqi , Chen Runzhi , Chang Guoqing
Published: January 2022

Similariton exists in an amplified nonlinear Schrӧdinger equation (NLSE) with positive 2nd-order or 4th-order dispersion. We make further generalization and show that similariton can exist for a positive, arbitrary even-order dispersion.
Magnification of Slow Light Delay Using Four-Wave Mixing Interferometer on a Silicon Chip
Authors: Zhang Yuanfei , Zhang Honghui , Shu Chester
Published: January 2022

Using a silicon-based four-wave mixing interferometer, we apply phase-amplification to magnify the optical delay induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering slow light. The delay can be effectively tuned by controlling the power of a reference pulse.
A Comprehensive Approach to the Nonlinear Optical Characterization of Si and GaAs in the Near-Infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Hales Joel M. , Munera Natalia , Benis Sepehr , Chi San-Hui , Perry Joseph W. , McMorrow Dale , Hagan David J. , Van Stryland Eric W.
Published: January 2022

The third-order nonlinear optical coefficients of Si and GaAs have been characterized in the near-infrared using a comprehensive approach to ensure accuracy and to address the large variation in the published coefficients.
Broadband Supercontinuum Generation using Ge11.5As24Se64 Strip/Slot Hybrid Waveguide with Four Zero Group Delay Dispersion Wavelengths
Authors: Karim M. R. , Hussain A. , Kayed N. A. , Jahan Nusrat , Rahman B. M. A.
Published: January 2022

A promising supercontinuum source made of Ge11
.
5As24Se64 strip/slot hybrid waveguide with four zero dispersion wavelengths is theoretically proposed for the first time for the production of broad spectrum supercontinuum up to 5 µm.
Ultrafast Optical Rotation in Chiral Molecules with Ultrashort and Tightly Focused Beams
Authors: Ayuso David , Ordonez Andres , Ivanov Misha , Smirnova Olga
Published: January 2022

We introduce ultrafast optical rotation: a highly efficient method for chiral discrimination using few-cycle pulses. Sub-cycle optical control enables full control over the enantio-sensitive response of matter in a molecule-specific manner and on ultrafast timescales.
Electrically Poled Vapor Deposited Organic Glasses for Integrated Electro-optics
Authors: Dallachiesa Lauren , Biaggio Ivan
Published: January 2022

Vapor-deposited, monolithic small molecule assemblies deliver a strong, permanent electro- optic response after being electrically poled above the glass transition temperature. They are ideally suited for hybrid electro-optic modulators in integrated silicon photonics.
Multiple mode expansion of atom-field interactions in an unidirectional double cavity
Authors: Aswath Babu H.
Published: January 2022

We present the multiple mode expansions undertaken with respect to the atom field interactions in the unidirectional double cavity to account for multiple modes of the cavity, wherein the system variables are expanded using Fourier decomposition in the basis of the cavity modes.
Quasi-static Optical Parametric Amplification
Authors: Jankowski Marc , Jornod Nayara , Langrock Carsten , Desiatov Boris , Marandi Alireza , Lončar Marko , Fejer Martin M.
Published: January 2022

We use dispersion-engineered PPLN nanowaveguides to demonstrate opti- cal parametric amplification without either temporal walk-off or group velocity dispersion. These quasi-static devices achieve large gains (>145 dB/cm) across >900 nanometers using picojoules of pump pulse energy.
30-dB broadband phase-sensitive amplification in integrated lithium niobate
Authors: Ledezma Luis , Nehra Rajveer , Sekine Ryoto , Gray Robert , Guo Qiushi , Marandi Alireza
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a phase-sensitive amplifier i n t hin-film pe riodically poled lithium niobate with 30 dB gain, capable of amplifying 35-fs pulses at 2 µm using less than 2 pJ of pump energy.
Ultra-broadband Nonlinear Optics at Telecom Wavelengths in PPLN Nanowaveguides
Authors: Jornod Nayara , Jankowski Marc , Xin CJ , Mishra Jatadhari , Langrock Carsten , Yu Mengjie , Lončar Marko , Fejer Martin M.
Published: January 2022

We use a dispersion-engineered PPLN nanowaveguide to demonstrate broad- band second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses at telecom wavelengths. We ob- serve efficiencies approaching 35% with <1 pJ, and both supercontinuum generation and CEO detection with <150 pJ.
Generation of N-IR to Deep-UV Comb in A Single Silica Nanowire
Authors: Mishra Akhileshwar , Pant Ravi
Published: January 2022

We use chirped pulse compression and dispersion engineering to achieve simultaneous generation of frequency combs at 780nm, 520nm and 260nm through cascaded-harmonic generation in a sub-micron silica taper using nJ energy mode-locked pulses at 1560nm.
Stacked Chalcogenide Metasurfaces for the Enhancement of Third Harmonic Generation in the Opacity Range
Authors: Vincenti M. A. , Gao J. , de Ceglia D. , Frantz J. , Litchinitser N. M. , Scalora M.
Published: January 2022

We exploit the band structure of stacked chalcogenide metasurfaces to enhance harmonic generation in the ultra-violet frequency range. Suppression of absorption and improved field localization conspire to generate a third harmonic signal at ~285 nm.
Computer-controlled microresonator soliton comb system automating soliton generation and expanding excursion bandwidth
Authors: Zhou Lefeng , Shen Yang , Xi Chaoxiang , Huang Xin , He Guangqiang
Published: January 2022

A computer-controlled dual-laser dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) comb system is established. The system can automatically and robustly access the single soliton state by controlling two lasers and a power meter. It can adapt to different working environments. Even if the resonant frequency drifts by a few GHz, or the pump power drifts by 20%, the system still stably accesses the single soliton state. Moreover, the system architecture allows users to operate the system easily and flexibly. By tuning the pump and auxiliary lasers synchronously, the range of the comb frequency scan (excursion bandwidth) is expanded from 700 MHz to over 10 GHz.
Clustered magneto-optical current sensor to eliminate the interference of a phase-to-phase magnetic field
Authors: Xiaojun Zhao , Zhuohang Liang , Yansong Li , Jun Liu
Published: January 2022

The traditional Magneto Optical Current Sensor (MOCS) has poor ability to resist phase-to-phase magnetic field interference. To address this, we establish a clustered MOCS with a mathematical model for its phase-to-phase magnetic field coupling. We transform the magnetic field interference into a coupling relationship and propose a measurement decoupling strategy to fundamentally eliminate the phase-to-phase magnetic field interference. We then build an experimental platform to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the model. Our results verified the elimination of the phase-to-phase interference magnetic fields and the correction of sensor position offset and measurement decoupling strategy of the cluster MOCS.
Performance Enhancement of Wavelength Selective Switch with Double Gratings and Wavefront Aberration Correction
Authors: Chen Wen , Xu Jingquan , Chen Kexin , Liu Chen
Published: January 2022

We propose a LCOS-based wavelength selective switch using double-grating as dispersive element and wavefront aberration correction of optical system. Experimental results demonstrate high spectral resolution and low insertion loss can be realized.
On-Chip > 100 TMAC/sec Neuromorphic Photonics Turning into Reality
Authors: Totovic Angelina , Tsakyridis Apostolos , Giamougiannis George , Moralis-Pegios Miltos , Dabos George , Mourgias-Alexandris George , Pleros Nikos
Published: January 2022

Remarkable advances in photonic integration fueled an impressive variety of neuromorphic architectures, combining coherent and Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing approaches in reducing latency, footprint and power consumption, while operating at multi-10 GHz clock-rates to yield > 100 TMAC/sec.
Photonic photorefractive MAC accelerator for Machine Learning
Authors: Vlieg Elger A. , Dangel Roger , Horst Folkert , Offrein Bert J.
Published: January 2022

AI is fueling an explosive growth in compute demand. Analog crossbar arrays enable power efficient synaptic signal processing for AI acceleration. A photonic photorefractive crossbar array for neural network training will be discussed.
Enhanced Thermo-Optic Efficiency of Silicon Photonic Switch with Passively Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chiang Li-Yuan , Liao Hao-Chi , Wang Chun-Ta , Pappert Steve , Yu Paul K. L.
Published: January 2022

We propose a new technique to achieve low power consumption in silicon thermo-optic switches without sacrificing speed. By incorporating subwavelength gratings and nematic liquid crystals, a switching power of 3.7 mW is achieved.
Integrated Low Loss MEMS Phase Shifter with Single- Photon Detection
Authors: Grottke Thomas , Beutel Fabian , Wolff Martin A. , Schuck Carsten , Pernice Wolfram
Published: January 2022

We integrate phase shifter and superconducting nanowire single-photon detector into one device and demonstrate a Vπ of 6.0 V and an on-chip detection efficiency of up to 89 % ± 10 % at 1.3 K.
Experimental Quantum-enhanced Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Saggio V. , Asenbeck B. E. , Hamann A. , Strömberg T. , Schiansky P. , Dunjko V. , Friis N. , Harris N. C. , Hochberg M. , Englund D. , Wölk S. , Briegel H. J. , Walther P.
Published: January 2022

In reinforcement learning, a key question for applications is how fast agents can learn. By introducing an agent capable of interacting classically as well as quantum-mechanically with its environment, we experimentally prove that a speed-up in the agent’s learning time is possible.
Complex Exponential Neural Network for Optical System
Authors: Hu Zibo , Solyanik-Gorgone Maria , Sorger Volker J
Published: January 2022

We introduce a wave-like exponential neural network (ENN) which is just enough to accurately describe optical systems. Results are compared to a fully connected neural network.
Spatial-Mode-Selective Frequency Conversion
Authors: Shamsshooli Afshin , Kwon Young B. , Guo Cheng , Parmigiani Francesca , Li Xiaoying , Langrock Carsten , Fejer Martin M. , Vasilyev Michael
Published: January 2022

We discuss wavelength conversion of a selected signal spatial mode, which preserves its quantum state and does not disturb other signal spatial modes. We present the results for a lithium niobate waveguide and a few-mode-fiber.
Physics-guided Inverse Design for SiPh Mode Manipulation
Authors: Masnad Md Mahadi , Grinberg Yuri , Xu Dan-Xia , Liboiron-Ladouceur Odile
Published: January 2022

Physics-guided formulation leads to more efficient inverse designs at lower computation costs. We validate this design approach with the performance analysis of mode converters and mode division multiplexers having efficiencies above 96% at 1.55 μm.
Tera-OP/s Neuromorphic Processing with Kerr Microcombs
Authors: Tan M. , Xu X. , Wu J. , Boes A. , Corcoran B. , Nguyen T. , Chu S. T. , Little B. E. , Morandotti R. , Hicks D. G. , Mitchell  , Moss David J.
Published: January 2022

We report optical neuromorphic processors based on Kerr micro-combs that are programmable, scalable and ultra-high speed. We demonstrate a perceptron at 11.9Giga-OPS at 8 bits, or 95.2 Gbps, and a convolutional accelerator at 11TeraOPs/s.
Simulated poaching affects global connectivity and efficiency in social networks of African savanna elephants—An exemplar of how human disturbance impacts group-living species
Authors: Wiśniewska Maggie , Puga-Gonzalez Ivan , Lee Phyllis , Moss Cynthia , Russell Gareth , Garnier Simon , Sueur Cédric
Published: January 2022

Selective harvest, such as poaching, impacts group-living animals directly through mortality of individuals with desirable traits, and indirectly by altering the structure of their social networks. Understanding the relationship between disturbance-induced, structural network changes and group performance in wild animals remains an outstanding problem. To address this problem, we evaluated the immediate effect of disturbance on group sociality in African savanna elephants—an example, group-living species threatened by poaching. Drawing on static association data from ten free-ranging groups, we constructed one empirically based, population-wide network and 100 virtual networks; performed a series of experiments ‘poaching’ the oldest, socially central or random individuals; and quantified the immediate change in the theoretical indices of network connectivity and efficiency of social diffusion. Although the social networks never broke down, targeted elimination of the socially central conspecifics, regardless of age, decreased network connectivity and efficiency. These findings hint at the need to further study resilience by modeling network reorganization and interaction-mediated socioecological learning, empirical data permitting. The main contribution of our work is in quantifying connectivity together with global efficiency in multiple social networks that feature the sociodemographic diversity likely found in wild elephant populations. The basic design of our simulation makes it adaptable for hypothesis testing about the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance or lethal management on social interactions in a variety of group-living species with limited, real-world data.
Regulatory-approved deep learning/machine learning-based medical devices in Japan as of 2020: A systematic review
Authors: Aisu Nao , Miyake Masahiro , Takeshita Kohei , Akiyama Masato , Kawasaki Ryo , Kashiwagi Kenji , Sakamoto Taiji , Oshika Tetsuro , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: January 2022

Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are changing the world and reshaping the medical field. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to determine the status of regulatory-approved ML/DL-based medical devices in Japan, a leading stakeholder in international regulatory harmonization. Information about the medical devices were obtained from the Japan Association for the Advancement of Medical Equipment search service. The usage of ML/DL methodology in the medical devices was confirmed using public announcements or by contacting the marketing authorization holders via e-mail when the public announcements were insufficient for confirmation. Among the 114,150 medical devices found, 11 were regulatory-approved ML/DL-based Software as a Medical Device, with 6 products (54.5%) related to radiology and 5 products (45.5%) related to gastroenterology. The domestic ML/DL-based Software as a Medical Device were mostly related to health check-ups, which are common in Japan. Our review can help understanding the global overview that can foster international competitiveness and further tailored advancements.
Mobile phone-based interventions for mental health: A systematic meta-review of 14 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Goldberg Simon B. , Lam Sin U , Simonsson Otto , Torous John , Sun Shufang
Published: January 2022

Mobile phone-based interventions have been proposed as a means for reducing the burden of disease associated with mental illness. While numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated this possibility, evidence remains unclear. We conducted a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses examining mobile phone-based interventions tested in randomized controlled trials. We synthesized results from 14 meta-analyses representing 145 randomized controlled trials and 47,940 participants. We identified 34 effect sizes representing unique pairings of participants, intervention, comparisons, and outcome (PICO) and graded the strength of the evidence as using umbrella review methodology. We failed to find convincing evidence of efficacy (i.e., n > 1000, p < 10−6, I2 < 50%, absence of publication bias); publication bias was rarely assessed for the representative effect sizes. Eight effect sizes provided highly suggestive evidence (i.e., n > 1000, p < 10−6), including smartphone interventions outperforming inactive controls on measures of psychological symptoms and quality of life (ds = 0.32 to 0.47) and text message-based interventions outperforming non-specific controls and active controls for smoking cessation (ds = 0.31 and 0.19, respectively). The magnitude of effects and strength of evidence tended to diminish as comparison conditions became more rigorous (i.e., inactive to active, non-specific to specific). Four effect sizes provided suggestive evidence, 14 effect sizes provided weak evidence, and eight effect sizes were non-significant. Despite substantial heterogeneity, no moderators were identified. Adverse effects were not reported. Taken together, results support the potential of mobile phone-based interventions and highlight key directions to guide providers, policy makers, clinical trialists, and meta-analysts working in this area.
An explainable artificial intelligence approach for predicting cardiovascular outcomes using electronic health records
Authors: Wesołowski Sergiusz , Lemmon Gordon , Hernandez Edgar J. , Henrie Alex , Miller Thomas A. , Weyhrauch Derek , Puchalski Michael D. , Bray Bruce E. , Shah Rashmee U. , Deshmukh Vikrant G. , Delaney Rebecca , Yost H. Joseph , Eilbeck Karen , Tristani-Firouzi Martin , Yandell Mark
Published: January 2022

Understanding the conditionally-dependent clinical variables that drive cardiovascular health outcomes is a major challenge for precision medicine. Here, we deploy a recently developed massively scalable comorbidity discovery method called Poisson Binomial based Comorbidity discovery (PBC), to analyze Electronic Health Records (EHRs) from the University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital (over 1.6 million patients and 77 million visits) for comorbid diagnoses, procedures, and medications. Using explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) methodologies, we then tease apart the intertwined, conditionally-dependent impacts of comorbid conditions and demography upon cardiovascular health, focusing on the key areas of heart transplant, sinoatrial node dysfunction and various forms of congenital heart disease. The resulting multimorbidity networks make possible wide-ranging explorations of the comorbid and demographic landscapes surrounding these cardiovascular outcomes, and can be distributed as web-based tools for further community-based outcomes research. The ability to transform enormous collections of EHRs into compact, portable tools devoid of Protected Health Information solves many of the legal, technological, and data-scientific challenges associated with large-scale EHR analyses.
Ideal algorithms in healthcare: Explainable, dynamic, precise, autonomous, fair, and reproducible
Authors: Loftus Tyler J. , Tighe Patrick J. , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Tezcan , Davis John P. , Ruppert Matthew M. , Ren Yuanfang , Shickel Benjamin , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan , Hogan William R. , Moorman J. Randall , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Rashidi Parisa , Bihorac Azra
Published: January 2022

Established guidelines describe minimum requirements for reporting algorithms in healthcare; it is equally important to objectify the characteristics of ideal algorithms that confer maximum potential benefits to patients, clinicians, and investigators. We propose a framework for ideal algorithms, including 6 desiderata: explainable (convey the relative importance of features in determining outputs), dynamic (capture temporal changes in physiologic signals and clinical events), precise (use high-resolution, multimodal data and aptly complex architecture), autonomous (learn with minimal supervision and execute without human input), fair (evaluate and mitigate implicit bias and social inequity), and reproducible (validated externally and prospectively and shared with academic communities). We present an ideal algorithms checklist and apply it to highly cited algorithms. Strategies and tools such as the predictive, descriptive, relevant (PDR) framework, the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials-Artificial Intelligence (SPIRIT-AI) extension, sparse regression methods, and minimizing concept drift can help healthcare algorithms achieve these objectives, toward ideal algorithms in healthcare.
A proteomic survival predictor for COVID-19 patients in intensive care
Authors: Demichev Vadim , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Nazarenko Tatiana , Lemke Oliver , Kaur Aulakh Simran , Whitwell Harry J. , Röhl Annika , Freiwald Anja , Mittermaier Mirja , Szyrwiel Lukasz , Ludwig Daniela , Correia-Melo Clara , Lippert Lena J. , Helbig Elisa T. , Stubbemann Paula , Olk Nadine , Thibeault Charlotte , Grüning Nana-Maria , Blyuss Oleg , Vernardis Spyros , White Matthew , Messner Christoph B. , Joannidis Michael , Sonnweber Thomas , Klein Sebastian J. , Pizzini Alex , Wohlfarter Yvonne , Sahanic Sabina , Hilbe Richard , Schaefer Benedikt , Wagner Sonja , Machleidt Felix , Garcia Carmen , Ruwwe-Glösenkamp Christoph , Lingscheid Tilman , Bosquillon de Jarcy Laure , Stegemann Miriam S. , Pfeiffer Moritz , Jürgens Linda , Denker Sophy , Zickler Daniel , Spies Claudia , Edel Andreas , Müller Nils B. , Enghard Philipp , Zelezniak Aleksej , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Weiss Günter , Campbell Archie , Hayward Caroline , Porteous David J. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Uhrig Alexander , Zoller Heinz , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Keller Markus A. , Tancevski Ivan , Timms John F. , Zaikin Alexey , Hippenstiel Stefan , Ramharter Michael , Müller-Redetzky Holger , Witzenrath Martin , Suttorp Norbert , Lilley Kathryn , Mülleder Michael , Sander Leif Erik ,   PA-COVID-19 Study group, Kurth Florian , Ralser Markus
Published: January 2022

Global healthcare systems are challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to optimize allocation of treatment and resources in intensive care, as clinically established risk assessments such as SOFA and APACHE II scores show only limited performance for predicting the survival of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Additional tools are also needed to monitor treatment, including experimental therapies in clinical trials. Comprehensively capturing human physiology, we speculated that proteomics in combination with new data-driven analysis strategies could produce a new generation of prognostic discriminators. We studied two independent cohorts of patients with severe COVID-19 who required intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation. SOFA score, Charlson comorbidity index, and APACHE II score showed limited performance in predicting the COVID-19 outcome. Instead, the quantification of 321 plasma protein groups at 349 timepoints in 50 critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation revealed 14 proteins that showed trajectories different between survivors and non-survivors. A predictor trained on proteomic measurements obtained at the first time point at maximum treatment level (i.e. WHO grade 7), which was weeks before the outcome, achieved accurate classification of survivors (AUROC 0.81). We tested the established predictor on an independent validation cohort (AUROC 1.0). The majority of proteins with high relevance in the prediction model belong to the coagulation system and complement cascade. Our study demonstrates that plasma proteomics can give rise to prognostic predictors substantially outperforming current prognostic markers in intensive care.