bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological niche variation in the Wilson's warbler Cardellina pusilla complex
Authors: Ruiz‐Sánchez Angelina , Renton Katherine , Landgrave‐Ramírez Rosario , Mora‐Aguilar Eder F. , Rojas‐Soto Octavio
Published: March 2015

Wilson's warbler comprises three subspecies separated into two geographic groups: C. p. pusilla that breeds in eastern North America; and C. p. pileolata and C. p. chryseola that breed in western North America. Given the differences between the groups in genetics, morphology, habitat use, and population decline, we tested for ecological niche similarity in both their breeding and wintering distribution using niche modeling based on temperature and precipitation data. We first conducted an inter‐prediction approach considering the percent of summer and winter localities of one group that are predicted by the potential distribution of the alternate group. We also applied a null model approach that compares self‐predictions and pseudoreplicates of each group to indicate similarity, divergence, or indeterminate niche overlap. Finally, we compared ecological distances between and within groups using the Gower similarity equation. We found that the western group had an ecological niche of broader climatic conditions, while the eastern group had a narrower ecological niche. The inter‐prediction approach showed that, for both summering and wintering ranges, ecological niche models of the western group predicted ∼50% of the observed distribution of the eastern group, whereas eastern group models predicted < 18% of the western group distribution. The null model approach found that similarity in ecological niches was indeterminate, possibly due to the large area occupied by the two groups; but it suggests a more restricted set of climatic conditions of the eastern group distribution. However, the Gower coefficients demonstrated that the ecological distance between the two geographic groups was larger than the ecological distance within groups, indicating distinct ecological niches. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that the eastern and western groups of Wilson's warbler are two cryptic species; this should be taken into consideration for future analyses, particularly with respect to vulnerability categorization and conservation efforts.
Strouhal number for flying and swimming in rhinoceros auklets Cerorhinca monocerata
Authors: Kikuchi Dale M. , Watanuki Yutaka , Sato Nobuhiko , Hoshina Kenji , Takahashi Akinori , Watanabe Yuuki Y.
Published: March 2015

Alcids propel themselves by flapping wings in air and water that have vastly different densities. We hypothesized that alcids change wing kinematics and maintain Strouhal numbers (St = fA/U, where f is wingbeat frequency, A is the wingbeat amplitude, and U is forward speed) within a certain range, to achieve efficient locomotion during both flying and swimming. We used acceleration and GPS loggers to measure the wingbeat frequency and forward speed of free‐ranging rhinoceros auklets Cerorhinca monocerata during both flying and swimming. We also measured wingbeat amplitude from video footage taken in the wild. On average, wingbeat frequency, forward speed, and wingbeat amplitude were 8.9 Hz, 15.3 m s−1, and 0.39 m, respectively, during flying, and 2.6 Hz, 1.3 m s−1, and 0.18 m, respectively, during swimming. The smaller wingbeat amplitude during swimming was achieved by partially folding the wings, while maintaining the dorso‐ventral wingbeat angle. Mean St was 0.23 during flying and 0.36 during swimming. The higher St value for swimming might be related to the higher thrust force required for propulsion in water. Our results suggest that rhinoceros auklets maintain St for both flying and swimming within the range (0.2–0.4) that propulsive efficiency is known to be high and St in both flying specialists and swimming specialists are known to converge.
A Review of Depression and Quality of Life Outcomes in Adolescents Post Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Hillstrom Kathryn A. , Graves Joyce K.
Published: March 2015

Topic

A systematic review: Depression and quality of life of adolescents after bariatric surgery.

Purpose

Reported changes in depression and quality of life among adolescents after bariatric surgery were assessed, along with the choice of tools, length of follow‐up, and age and gender trends.

Sources Used

Medical and psychosocial electronic databases.

Conclusions

The majority of published studies of adolescents post bariatric surgery showed a positive reduction in depression and improvements in quality of life regardless of the amount of weight lost or type of surgery performed. Four studies measured changes only within the first year and three within 2 years; it is unknown if positive psychological benefits persisted. Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 20 years, with an average age of 16.6. A 7:3 female/male ratio presented for surgery. Three depression and six quality of life instruments were utilized; two instruments were validated for adult use only. Consistent qualitative and quantitative measures of psychological issues and quality of life specific to adolescents are necessary. Multicenter longitudinal studies are warranted to more effectively track outcomes and patients needing more support. Thus informed, a nurse or health practitioner can better advocate for the patient during the preoperative, postoperative, and follow‐up periods.
Left Atrial Appendage Conduction Jump for Real‐Time Evaluation of Conduction Block Over the Anterior Mitral Annulus Line
Authors: HUEMER MARTIN , WUTZLER ALEXANDER , PARWANI ABDUL SHOKOR , ATTANASIO PHILIPP , HEIDERFAZEL SALMAN , EWERTSEN NIELS CHRISTIAN , HAVERKAMP WILHELM , BOLDT LEIF‐HENDRIK
Published: March 2015

LAA Conduction Jump for Real‐Time Evaluation

Introduction

Evaluation of conduction over a linear ablation lesion at the anterior mitral annulus can be time‐consuming and difficult during ongoing radiofrequency application. The purpose of this study was to validate conduction time from the beginning of the p wave and from the coronary sinus ostium to the left atrial appendage (LAA) as a new method of conduction block surveillance.

Methods

Conduction across the anterior mitral annulus line was evaluated using a total of 55 patients. We verified completeness of conduction block by standard techniques including differential pacing, double potential mapping and activation mapping. Those methods were compared to the new method of observing an abrupt prolongation of conduction time into the LAA as well as a conduction sequence change on a circular multipolar mapping catheter placed inside the LAA during sinus rhythm.

Results

Bidirectional conduction block across the ablated line was achieved in 51 (92.7%) of the patients. Prior to ablation, mean conduction time across the line was 59 ± 21 milliseconds. This value increased to 163 ± 43 milliseconds after a successful ablation. An abrupt prolongation of conduction time into the LAA of at least 50 milliseconds was observed in all patients at the moment when a complete conduction block was achieved. Additionally, a change of conduction sequence recorded with the multi‐electrode catheter placed in the LAA was observed in all of these patients.

Conclusions

A sudden jump of p wave and coronary sinus ostium to LAA conduction time together with a change of conduction sequence recorded with a multi‐electrode catheter placed inside the LAA during sinus rhythm is a simple and reliable approach for beat‐to‐beat surveillance of conduction block across the anterior mitral annulus during radiofrequency ablation.
Prospective Evaluation of Bilateral Diaphragmatic Electromyograms During Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE , HACHIYA HITOSHI , TANIGUCHI HIROSHI , NAKAMURA HIROAKI , ICHIHARA NOBORU , USUI EISUKE , KUROI AKIO , TAKAGI TAKAMITSU , IWASAWA JIN , HIRAO KENZO , IESAKA YOSHITO
Published: March 2015

Bilateral Diaphragmatic CMAPs During Cryoablation

Background

Left phrenic nerve injury (PNI) can occur during cryoballoon ablation of the left pulmonary veins (PVs). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring the bilateral phrenic nerve function during cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

Fifty consecutive paroxysmal AF patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation using one 28‐mm second‐generation balloon were prospectively enrolled. Bilateral diaphragmatic compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) were obtained from modified surface electrodes by pacing from the bilateral subclavian veins, and monitored during 3‐minute cryoballoon applications at the ipsilateral PVs.

Results

One hundred ninety of 202 PVs were successfully isolated exclusively using 28‐mm cryoballoons. CMAPs could be obtained in all except 3 cases with catheter inaccessibility in the left subclavian vein. The left and right CMAP amplitudes were similar at baseline (1.04 ± 0.41 mV vs. 1.01 ± 0.43 mV, P = 0.49). Among 105 left and 132 right PV applications while monitoring CMAPs, 2 (1.9%) and 13 (9.8%) applications were interrupted for a decreased CMAP amplitude (P = 0.01). Among them, CMAPs decreased due to right PNI in 4 applications/patients and to catheter dislodgement in the remaining applications. PNI remained in 1 and recovered in the remaining 3 patients one day after the procedure. Applications without requiring interruptions exhibited no significant CMAP amplitude changes throughout the applications, and the time‐course pattern was similar between the bilateral CMAPs (P = 0.292).

Conclusions

A stable bilateral diaphragmatic CMAP could be similarly obtained during cryoballoon applications in the vast majority of patients. Monitoring CMAPs might be useful to anticipate not only right but also left PNI during cryoballoon ablation.
Relationship Between Short‐Term Blood Pressure Variability and Subclinical Renal Damage in Essential Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Mulè Giuseppe , Calcaterra Ilenia , Costanzo Miriam , Geraci Giulio , Guarino Laura , Foraci Anna C. , Vario Maria G. , Cerasola Giovanni , Cottone Santina
Published: March 2015

The authors aimed to analyze the relationship between subclinical renal damage, defined as the presence of microalbuminuria or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and short‐term blood pressure (BP) variability, assessed as average real variability (ARV), weighted standard deviation (SD) of 24‐hour BP, and SD of daytime and nighttime BP. A total of 328 hypertensive patients underwent 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring, 24‐hour albumin excretion rate determination, and eGFR calculation using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. ARV of 24‐hour systolic BP (SBP) was significantly higher in patients with subclinical renal damage (P=.001). This association held (P=.04) after adjustment for potential confounders. In patients with microalbuminuria, ARV of 24‐hour SBP, weighted SD of 24‐hour SBP, and SD of daytime SBP were also independently and inversely related to eGFR. These results seem to suggest that in essential hypertension, short‐term BP variability is independently associated with early renal abnormalities.
Verbascoside down‐regulates some pro‐inflammatory signal transduction pathways by increasing the activity of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 in the U937 cell line
Authors: Pesce Mirko , Franceschelli Sara , Ferrone Alessio , De Lutiis Maria Anna , Patruno Antonia , Grilli Alfredo , Felaco Mario , Speranza Lorenza
Published: March 2015

Polyphenols are the major components of many traditional herbal remedies, which exhibit several beneficial effects including anti‐inflammation and antioxidant properties. Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatase‐1 (SHP‐1) is a redox sensitive protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively influences downstream signalling molecules, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinases, thereby inhibiting inflammatory signalling induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because a role of transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase‐1 (TAK1) in the upstream regulation of JNK molecule has been well demonstrated, we conjectured that SHP‐1 could mediate the anti‐inflammatory effect of verbascoside through the regulation of TAK‐1/JNK/AP‐1 signalling in the U937 cell line. Our results demonstrate that verbascoside increased the phosphorylation of SHP‐1, by attenuating the activation of TAK‐1/JNK/AP‐1 signalling. This leads to a reduction in the expression and activity of both COX and NOS. Moreover, SHP‐1 depletion deletes verbascoside inhibitory effects on pro‐inflammatory molecules induced by LPS. Our data confirm that SHP‐1 plays a critical role in restoring the physiological mechanisms of inducible proteins such as COX2 and iNOS, and that the down‐regulation of TAK‐1/JNK/AP‐1 signalling by targeting SHP‐1 should be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Homocysteine plasma levels in psoriasis patients: our experience and review of the literature
Authors: Giannoni M. , Consales V. , Campanati A. , Ganzetti G. , Giuliodori K. , Postacchini V. , Liberati G. , Azzaretto L. , Vichi S. , Guanciarossa F. , Offidani A.
Published: March 2015

Background

People with psoriasis are at higher cardiovascular risk. Plasma levels of homocysteine over the normal range have been recognized as marker of cardiovascular risk. Psoriasis patients express higher levels of plasma homocysteine than healthy people.

Objective

Our study aims to investigate the correlation between homocysteinaemia, severity and duration of psoriasis and psoriasis arthritis, and to evaluate the effect of a 12‐week administration of a target therapy for psoriasis on homocysteinaemia.

Methods

Fifty‐two psoriasis patients (study group) submitted to different kind of therapy for psoriasis (biological, systemic not biological and topical) and 24 healthy Italian subject (control group) were evaluated for their plasmatic homocysteine levels, both at baseline (T0) and 12 weeks after they a specific therapy for psoriasis.

Results

A significant difference between the homocysteinaemia of psoriasis patients (mean 19.71 ± 11.16) and control group (13.90 ± 11.18), P < 0.05 (Fig. 1), was found at baseline (T0). The mean plasma levels of homocysteine were directly correlated with disease severity (P = 0.0401), but not with disease duration (P = 0.6018) or presence of arthritis (P = 0.6221) at baseline. None among the treatments administered to psoriasis patients caused a significant reduction in homocysteinaemia after 12 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion

Our results confirm that psoriasis patients with more severe disease, can have hyperhomocysteinaemia, without regard to disease duration or joint involvement. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is not influenced by a target therapy for psoriasis and it is as greater as psoriasis severity. However, limitation of our study is the relatively small number of cases. Homocysteine plasmatic levels should be advisable as a further independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in psoriasis patients.
Antiviral gene expression in psoriasis
Authors: Raposo R.A. , Gupta R. , Abdel‐Mohsen M. , Dimon M. , Debbaneh M. , Jiang W. , York V.A. , Leadabrand K.S. , Brown G. , Malakouti M. , Arron S. , Kuebler P.J. , Wu J.J. , Pillai S.K. , Nixon D.F. , Liao W.
Published: March 2015

Background

Psoriasis patients have relatively infrequent cutaneous viral infections compared to atopic dermatitis patients. Increased expression of four antiviral proteins (MX1, BST2, ISG15 and OAS2) has been reported in psoriatic skin and genetic studies of psoriasis have identified susceptibility genes in antiviral pathways.

Objective

To determine if psoriasis is associated with pervasive expression of antiviral genes in skin and blood.

Methods

We performed RNA sequencing on skin samples of 18 subjects with chronic plaque psoriasis and 16 healthy controls. We examined the expression of a predefined set of 42 antiviral genes, each of which has been shown in previous studies to inhibit viral replication. In parallel, we examined antiviral gene expression in atopic dermatitis, non‐lesional psoriatic skin and psoriatic blood. We performed HIV‐1 infectivity assays in CD4+ peripheral blood T cells from psoriatic and healthy individuals.

Results

We observed significant overexpression of 16 antiviral genes in lesional psoriatic skin, with a greater than two‐fold increase in ISG15, RSAD2, IRF7, MX2 and TRIM22 (P < 1E‐07). None of these genes was overexpressed in atopic dermatitis skin (P < 0.0001) or non‐lesional psoriatic skin. In contrast to the skin compartment, no differences in antiviral gene expression were detected in the peripheral blood of psoriasis cases compared to healthy controls. CD4+ T cells from both psoriatic and healthy patients supported HIV‐1 infection at a similar rate.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight psoriasis as an inflammatory disease with cutaneous but not systemic immune activation against viral pathogens.
Stage‐specific direct health care costs in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Lyth J. , Carstensen J. , Synnerstad I. , Lindholm C.
Published: March 2015

Background

Clinical stage at diagnosis is a strong prognostic factor for death in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), with worse prognosis at higher stages. However, few studies have investigated how direct health care cost per patient varies with clinical stage.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the stage‐specific direct health care costs for CMM patients compared to the health care costs in the general population in the County of Östergötland, Sweden.

Methods

Cutaneous malignant melanoma patients in the County of Östergötland diagnosed 2005–2012 were identified from the Swedish cancer registry. Information on clinical stage was collected from the Swedish Melanoma Register (SMR) and cost data from the Cost per Patient database (CPP) for 1075 CMM patients in Östergötland. CPP contains costs associated with all health care contacts per patient including inpatient, outpatient and primary care. The CMM‐related costs were defined as the difference in mean health care costs between CMM patients and general population.

Results

The first year after CMM diagnosis, the average health care costs for CMM patients were 2.8 times higher than in the general population. The health care cost ratio varied from 2.0 (stage I) to 10.1 (stage IV) and the CMM‐related costs per patient‐year varied from €2 670 (stage I) to €29 291 (stage IV). The mean health care costs decreased over time but remained significantly higher than in the general population for all clinical stages. During the first year after diagnosis, patients in clinical stage III–IV (7% of CMM patients) accounted for 27% of the total CMM‐related health care costs.

Conclusions

The direct health care costs for CMM patients were significantly higher than in the general population independent of clinical stage. CMM patients diagnosed in clinical stage III–IV were associated with particularly high costs and the health care system may save resources by finding CMM patients in earlier stages.
Genital melanocytic naevus on lichen sclerosus: an uncommon occurrence and a management proposal
Authors: Neri I. , Dika E. , Fanti P.A. , Misciali C. , Patrizi A.
Published: March 2015

Background

Melanocytic naevi located in special sites, such as the vulvar mucosa might present peculiar clinical and dermatoscopic features.

Objectives

We describe a management proposal of a genital naevus associated with inflammatory disorders that aims to facilitate the clinical and pathologic diagnosis.

Methods

Videodermoscopy of a genital naevus associated with lichen sclerosus of an 8‐year‐old girl, was carried out before and 2 months after treatment with topical steroids. An excisional biopsy and immunohistochemical studies with HMB‐45, MART ‐1 and molecular studies with p 16 staining were performed.

Results

The features of the melanocytic lesion associated with lichen sclerosus were troublesome on the basis of clinical and videodermoscopic evaluation. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination performed after topical treatment, showed a compound melanocytic naevus with an underlying inflammation consistent with lichen sclerosus.

Conclusions

The evaluation of genital naevi should take into account the presence of inflammatory disorders, not uncommon in such location. Treatment of the latter and short follow‐up of the patients, can avoid over‐diagnosis of malignancies and extensive surgical procedures.
Urban inundation simulation considering road network and building configurations
Authors: Lee S. , Nakagawa H. , Kawaike K. , Zhang H.
Published: March 2015

The main difference between rural and urban area inundation is the existence of an impermeable layer and the complexity of the road and building configuration. Therefore, although surface overland flow can be appropriately simulated by the two‐dimensional diffusive model in a rural area, there also is a need for a more accurate and elaborate simulation model. Dual drainage concept has been popular to simulate urban drainage system. Although the concept has immense advantages, through which overland flow and pipe flow can be simulated simultaneously, many researchers set manholes as discharge exchange spots between ground surface and sewerage system, which causes lack of reality. Therefore, in this study, we developed a new urban inundation model that can reflect real field situation. Also, two kinds of simulations are carried out with homogeneous meshes and non‐homogeneous ones using manholes and storm drains as discharge exchange spots, respectively, and those results are compared to estimate the effect of road networks and building groups according to different discharge exchange spots. Two‐dimensional run‐off flow model and one‐dimensional slot‐model are used to simulate ground surface run‐off flow and sewer pipe flow. To connect both models, we used a newly suggested bi‐directional model and its coefficients. The simulated results showed that more reasonable results are obtained in the nonhomogeneous case; the results further reveal the importance of using storm drains as exchange spots in the model.
Ketoconazole Treatment Decreases the Viability of Immortalized Pituitary Cell Lines Associated with an Increased Expression of Apoptosis‐Related Genes and Cell Cycle Inhibitors
Authors: Guzzo M. F. , Carvalho L. R. , Bronstein M. D.
Published: March 2015

Ketoconazole, which was initially developed as an antifungal agent, is a potent inhibitor of adrenal steroidogenesis and has therefore been used in the management of Cushing's disease. Surprisingly, the reduction of cortisol levels during ketoconazole treatment is not accompanied by the expected elevation in plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) at the loss of negative cortisol feedback from corticotrophic cells, suggesting a direct effect of ketoconazole on these cells. To characterize the direct effects of ketoconazole, we evaluated its in vitro effect on cell viability using the pituitary tumoural cell lines AtT‐20 (which secretes ACTH), GH3 (which secretes growth hormone and prolactin) and αT3.1 (which secretes α‐subunit) and we also determined the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis and DNA replication by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). We also evaluated ACTH levels in AtT‐20 cells during ketoconazole treatment. We observed a ketoconazole concentration‐dependent decrease in pituitary cell viability and reduced ACTH levels in AtT‐20 cells after removal of the drug. We also observed increased expression of cell death receptors (e.g. Fas, tumour necrosis factor receptor) and caspases (e.g., caspase‐6, caspase‐7, caspase‐9), suggesting activation of the apoptosis pathway. In addition, we observed increased gene expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 in GH3 cells and increased expression of p21 in αT3.1 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ketoconazole significantly reduces cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner in pituitary tumour cell lines and is associated with an increase in apoptosis‐ and cell cycle regulation‐related gene expression.
A Two‐Arm Cluster Randomized Control Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of a Pressure Ulcer Prevention Bundle for Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Tayyib Nahla , Coyer Fiona , Lewis Peter A.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

This study tested the effectiveness of a pressure ulcer (PU) prevention bundle in reducing the incidence of PUs in critically ill patients in two Saudi intensive care units (ICUs).

Design

A two‐arm cluster randomized experimental control trial.

Methods

Participants in the intervention group received the PU prevention bundle, while the control group received standard skin care as per the local ICU policies. Data collected included demographic variables (age, diagnosis, comorbidities, admission trajectory, length of stay) and clinical variables (Braden Scale score, severity of organ function score, mechanical ventilation, PU presence, and staging). All patients were followed every two days from admission through to discharge, death, or up to a maximum of 28 days. Data were analyzed with descriptive correlation statistics, Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, and Poisson regression.

Findings

The total number of participants recruited was 140: 70 control participants (with a total of 728 days of observation) and 70 intervention participants (784 days of observation). PU cumulative incidence was significantly lower in the intervention group (7.14%) compared to the control group (32.86%). Poisson regression revealed the likelihood of PU development was 70% lower in the intervention group. The intervention group had significantly less Stage I (p = .002) and Stage II PU development (p = .026).

Conclusions

Significant improvements were observed in PU‐related outcomes with the implementation of the PU prevention bundle in the ICU; PU incidence, severity, and total number of PUs per patient were reduced.

Clinical Relevance

Utilizing a bundle approach and standardized nursing language through skin assessment and translation of the knowledge to practice has the potential to impact positively on the quality of care and patient outcome.
Comparative study on efficacy and safety of 1550 nm Er:Glass fractional laser and fractional radiofrequency microneedle device for facial atrophic acne scar
Authors: Chae Woong Suk , Seong Jun Young , Jung Ha Na , Kong Sook Hyun , Kim Min Ho , Suh Ho Seok , Choi Yu Sung
Published: March 2015

Background

The 1550 nm Er:Glass fractional laser is widely used for the treatment of atrophic acne scar. A novel fractional radiofrequency microneedle device has recently emerged as an alternative for treating acne scars.

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a Er:Glass fractional laser and fractional radiofrequency microneedle device in the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars and to assess the difference between the treatment modalities depending on facial compartment.

Methods

A total of 40 patients were equally randomized into two groups. Each group of 20 patients received three treatments at 4‐week interval using Er:Glass fractional laser or fractional radiofrequency microneedle device.

Results

Scar severity scores (ECCA grading scale) improved by a mean of 25.0% and 18.6% in groups A and B, respectively (both P < 0.01). The difference in the degree of improvement was not statistically significant between the groups after three sessions of treatment. There were no significant side effects.

Conclusion

Atrophic acne scars improved in both groups without significant side effects. Additionally, the fractional laser was a more effective treatment option for acne scars, but the fractional radiofrequency microneedle device offered good adherence and short downtime.
Efficacy and tolerance assessment of a new type of dermocosmetic in infants and children with moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gayraud Floriane , Sayag Michèle , Jourdan Eric
Published: March 2015

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory and pruritic skin disorder.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and tolerance of a new emollient (SBT complex) in subjects with moderate AD.

Methods

Subjects received twice daily for 168 days (6 months) either SBT complex or emollient base adjunctively or alternately with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. Evolution of AD was assessed throughout the study using usual AD assessment criteria including SCORAD and PO‐SCORAD. Quality of life was assessed at Day 0 and Day 168.

Results

At Day 168, a significant decrease with SBT complex was observed for the SCORAD and the PO‐SCORAD scores (P < 0.05), the primary efficacy criteria. A total of 76% of SBT complex subjects did not relapse and time‐to‐relapse increased compared to the emollient base subjects. Intensity, dryness, and quality of life (P < 0.05) had improved in subjects using SBT complex. The product was well tolerated with less physical and functional signs in the SBT than in the emollient base group.

Conclusion

The new emollient dermocosmetic SBT complex applied adjunctively or alternately with topical AD treatments significantly improved AD without any safety concerns. SBT complex may play an important role in the restoration of the natural skin barrier.
Recombinant activated factor VII in the management of acute fatty liver of pregnancy: A case report
Authors: K Supriya , Thunga Suchitra , Narayanan Athira , Singh Prakhar
Published: March 2015

A 20‐year‐old woman, primigravida at 36+4 weeks' gestation presented with malaise, vomiting for 1 week, yellowish discoloration of the eyes for 3 days and loss of fetal movements. A clinical diagnosis of acute fatty liver with intrauterine fetal demise was made. Labor was induced with prostaglandin E2 gel and delivered vaginally. The post‐partum period was complicated by atonic post‐partum hemorrhage, an episode of seizure, recurrent hypoglycemic attack, hypokalemia and continuing coagulopathy. Supportive management in the intensive care unit using blood and blood products and injection recombinant activated factor VIIa to arrest the bleeding resulted in a successful outcome.
Health Insurance and Risk of Divorce: Does Having Your Own Insurance Matter?
Authors: Sohn Heeju
Published: March 2015

Most American adults under 65 obtain health insurance through their employers or their spouses' employers. The absence of a universal health care system in the United States puts Americans at considerable risk for losing their coverage when transitioning out of jobs or marriages. Scholars have found evidence of reduced job mobility among individuals who are dependent on their employers for health care coverage. In this study, the author found similar relationships between insurance and divorce. She applied the hazard model to married individuals in the longitudinal Survey of Income Program Participation (N = 17,388) and found lower divorce rates among people who were insured through their partners' plans without alternative sources of their own. Furthermore, she found gender differences in the relationship between health care coverage and divorce rates: Insurance‐dependent women had lower rates of divorce than men in similar situations. These findings draw attention to the importance of considering family processes when debating and evaluating health policies.
A new model of impression management: Emotions in the ‘black box’ of organizational persuasion
Authors: Johnson Genevieve , Griffith Jennifer A. , Buckley M. Ronald
Published: March 2015

In this article, we proffer a theoretical integration of current emotions research and impression management (IM) tactics as applied to the workplace. Both IM and emotions frequently occur in organizational settings, but research has yet to consider how their simultaneous implementation may impact the ability of an individual to influence the perceptions others form of them. By integrating the emotions as social information model and a cybernetic model of IM, we attempt to explain the linkage between actor implementation of IM behaviour, paired affective displays, and downstream processing and resultant behaviour by a target. Situational and personal moderators that may impact this process are also discussed. Successful application of emotions in IM can have wide‐ranging implications for outcomes of interest in human resource management, and these are discussed within several IM frameworks.

Practitioner points

We integrate theory and research on emotions and IM to help develop an understanding of their impact on others in the workplace.

A model is provided to show how this integration may influence human resource management.

Examples of this integration are shown via extant IM frameworks.
A low‐dose mindfulness intervention and recovery from work: Effects on psychological detachment, sleep quality, and sleep duration
Authors: Hülsheger Ute R. , Feinholdt Alina , Nübold Annika
Published: March 2015

Although playing a crucial role for the prevention of long‐term health impairment, interventions aiming at the improvement of employees' recovery processes are still scarce. In this study, we therefore investigated the effectiveness of a low‐dose mindfulness intervention for recovery from work. In addition, differential responding to the treatment in terms of treatment‐by‐baseline interactions was studied. A sample of 140 employees participated in a randomized field experiment with a self‐training and a wait‐list control group. Three central recovery processes (psychological detachment, sleep quality, and sleep duration) were assessed with event‐sampling methodology involving daily measurements over 10 workdays. Growth curve analyses revealed intervention effects on sleep quality and sleep duration. No effects were found for psychological detachment after work and for the proposed treatment‐by‐baseline interactions. Our findings are discussed in the context of occupational health promotion in general and mindfulness‐based interventions in specific.

Practitioner points

Although daily recovery from the demands of work has been shown to be vital for employee well‐being and performance, research on how workplace interventions can help improve recovery is still scarce.

This study investigated the effectiveness of a brief, economic mindfulness intervention on processes that are vital for recovery – psychological detachment, sleep quality, and sleep duration.

Findings revealed positive effects of the intervention on sleep quality and duration, but not on psychological detachment.
Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Adolescent Academic Achievement
Authors: Kantomaa Marko T. , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Kankaanpää Anna , Kajantie Eero , Taanila Anja , Tammelin Tuija
Published: March 2015

The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (N = 8,061) was used to investigated the joint associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with academic achievement. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate how classes formed by latent class analysis (LCA) according to overall physical activity, sports club membership, viewing TV, using a computer, reading books and magazines, other sedentary activities, and sleep were associated with grade‐point average. When adjusted for gender, self‐rated health, and mother's education, physically active adolescents and generally active adolescents were about twice as likely to have high grade‐point average compared with sedentary TV viewers.
The Relation of Different Crop Roots Exudates to the Survival and Suppressive Effect of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (PD4560), Biocontrol Agent of Bacterial Wilt of Potato
Authors: Elhalag Kamel M. , Emara Hassan M. , Messiha Nevein A. S. , Elhadad Safwat A. , Abdallah Suzan A.
Published: March 2015

Experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions to control bacterial wilt of potato (potato brown rot), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2, Phylotype II, sequevar 1 using various biocontrol strategies. These strategies involved the use of the bacterial biocontrol agent Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (PD4560), in clay or sandy soils, planted with cowpea, maize or tomato which was grown separately in different pots in the inoculated soils. After harvest, the soil derived from each cultivated crop was inoculated with a mixture of three virulent R. solanacearum strains (K3, K10 and K16) to achieve a final concentration of 5 × 108 cfu/g dry soil and used in pots under greenhouse conditions to cultivate potato seed tubers. The highest survival of S. maltophilia in soil (more than 160 days) coincided with a remarkable suppressing effect on disease incidence caused by R. solanacearum that expressed by wilt severity (up to 100% reduction), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) (up to 99% reduction) and counts of the pathogen in soil (up to 75% reduction), rhizosphere (up to 80% reduction) and plant tissue (up to 97% reduction) of potato plants. The amino acid analysis of root exudates of crops under investigation revealed high percentages of asparagines (15.5–21%), glutamine (16–20%) and sulphur‐containing methionine (7–9%) in both of the cowpea and maize, respectively. In tomato root exudates, high percentages of arginine (around 26%) and lysine (around 23%) were detected. Methionine is known to favour the growth of S. maltophilia suggesting that especially cowpea and maize are suitable for crop rotation with potato and will enhance the sustainability of the biocontrol agent S. maltophilia.
Use of Essential Oils in Control Strategies against Zucchini Powdery Mildew
Authors: Donnarumma Lucia , Milano Filomena , Trotta Stefano , Annesi Tiziana
Published: March 2015

The growing interest in the substitution of ‘synthetic pesticides’ by natural ones has fostered the research on vegetable sources and the screening of plant materials to identify new compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several essential oils used alone and alternating with a synthetic fungicide. Experimental trials were carried out in greenhouse during the years 2012–2013 testing four alternative application programmes. Chemical composition of the essential oils and evaluation of their residues on treated zucchini leaves were reported by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Moreover, relative density analyses were carried out. The obtained results showed that the alternation of essential oils and synthetic chemicals can maintain a disease control, resulting that an integrated control management of zucchini powdery mildew is able to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides.
Piloting yoga and assessing outcomes in a residential behavioural health unit
Authors: McIlvain S. J. , Miller B. , Lawhead B. A. , Barbosa‐Leiker C. , Anderson A.
Published: March 2015

Accessible summary

This study examined if adolescents on a residential behavioural health unit would participate in a yoga intervention. Yoga has been used as a mind–body practice for more than 2000 years; however, studies are limited regarding its effects on adolescents with mental illness on an inpatient unit.

Yoga was added, twice weekly, to the program schedule. Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire‐Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue‐ASF) scores were measured over 8 weeks. Additional measures included daily numbers of quiet times, time outs, and point card scores.

Twenty‐two adolescents completed the study. The TEIQue‐ASF assessment was able to detect changes in total scores over 8 weeks. Increased yoga participation was related to higher values of the TEIQue‐ASF subdomain of sociability, increase in weekly point card totals, a decrease in behavioural time outs, and a decrease in combined behavioural interventions at various time points throughout the programme.

This study was relevant because it was conducted on an adolescent inpatient unit. It provides support that yoga, as part of a residential programme, is a feasible intervention for adolescents with mental illness. Changes in the various measures cannot be directly linked to yoga because of lack of a comparison group. Additional studies with a larger sample, and randomization, are needed to evaluate the potential benefits of yoga and to determine if changes to the TEIQue‐ASF can be attributed to yoga or other behavioural‐based interventions.

Little is known about how yoga will impact behavioural health outcomes for adolescents with mental illness in an inpatient setting. This study examined if adolescents on a residential behavioural health unit would participate in a yoga intervention to address emotional regulation. A single cohort study design was used. Yoga was added to the programme schedule twice weekly. Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire‐Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue‐ASF) scores and additional behavioural measures were tracked over 8 weeks. Adolescents participated in yoga, with a higher participation rate for girls compared with boys. The TEIQue‐ASF assessment detected changes in total score over 8 weeks. Increased yoga participation was related to higher values of the TEIQue‐ASF subdomain of sociability, increase in weekly point card totals, and a decrease in combined behavioural interventions at various time points throughout the programme. This study was relevant because it was conducted on an adolescent inpatient unit. Further studies are needed to determine if changes can be attributed to yoga or other behavioural‐based interventions. If supported by further studies, yoga has the potential to be a complimentary therapy that can be integrated into the multidisciplinary treatment approach for mental health patients.
Expression of antimicrobial peptides and interleukin‐8 during early stages of inflammation: An experimental gingivitis study
Authors: Dommisch H. , Staufenbiel I. , Schulze K. , Stiesch M. , Winkel A. , Fimmers R. , Dommisch J. , Jepsen S. , Miosge N. , Adam K. , Eberhard J.
Published: March 2015

Background and Objectives

In the oral cavity, the epithelial surface is constantly exposed to a number of different microorganisms that are organized in a well‐structured biofilm. The aim of this study was to monitor gingival expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in an early gingivitis model.

Material and Methods

Experimental gingivitis was allowed to develop in healthy volunteers (n = 17). Bleeding on probing (BOP%) and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) were assessed at baseline and day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14. Expression of AMPs (human beta‐defensin‐2, hBD‐2; CC‐chemokine ligand 20, CCL20; psoriasin, pso/S100A7) and IL‐8 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in gingival biopsies. In addition, hBD‐2 and IL‐8 protein expression was monitored in GCF using the ELISA technology.

Results

Experimental gingivitis gradually developed with an increase in BOP scores and GCF volume over time. In GCF, elevated concentrations of hBD‐2 and IL‐8 were monitored at day 1, 5 and 7 (p ≤ 0.0002). Immunohistochemical analysis of gingival sections demonstrated increased staining for hBD‐2 at day 3, whereas the CCL20, pso/S100A7, and IL‐8 expression was increased at later time points (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

For the first time, this study showed the time‐dependent regulation of AMPs, following clinical signs of experimentally induced gingival inflammation. Differential temporal expression for AMPs may ensure a constant antimicrobial activity against changes in the bacterial composition of the growing dental biofilm.
Hypersexuality and High Sexual Desire: Exploring the Structure of Problematic Sexuality
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Štulhofer Aleksandar , Vieira Armando L. , Jurin Tanja
Published: March 2015

Introduction

The concept of hypersexuality has been accompanied by fierce debates and conflicting conclusions about its nature. One of the central questions under the discussion is a potential overlap between hypersexuality and high sexual desire. With the relevant research in its early phase, the structure of hypersexuality remains largely unknown.

Aim

The aim of the present study was to systematically explore the overlap between problematic sexuality and high sexual desire.

Methods

A community online survey was carried out in Croatia in 2014. The data were first cluster analyzed (by gender) based on sexual desire, sexual activity, perceived lack of control over one's sexuality, and negative behavioral consequences. Participants in the meaningful clusters were then compared for psychosocial characteristics. To complement cluster analysis (CA), multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the same four constructs was carried out.

Main Outcome Measures

Indicators representing the proposed structure of hypersexuality were included: sexual desire, frequency of sexual activity, lack of control over one's sexuality, and negative behavioral outcomes. Psychosocial characteristics such as religiosity, attitudes toward pornography, and general psychopathology were also evaluated.

Results

CA pointed to the existence of two meaningful clusters, one representing problematic sexuality, that is, lack of control over one's sexuality and negative outcomes (control/consequences cluster), and the other reflecting high sexual desire and frequent sexual activity (desire/activity cluster). Compared with the desire/activity cluster, individuals from the control/consequences cluster reported more psychopathology and were characterized by more traditional attitudes. Complementing the CA findings, CFA pointed to two distinct latent dimensions—problematic sexuality and high sexual desire/activity.

Conclusion

Our study supports the distinctiveness of hypersexuality and high sexual desire/activity, suggesting that problematic sexuality might be more associated with the perceived lack of personal control over sexuality and moralistic attitudes than with high levels of sexual desire and activity.
Applying Extender Devices in Patients with Penile Dysmorphophobia: Assessment of Tolerability, Efficacy, and Impact on Erectile Function
Authors: Nowroozi Mohammad Reza , Amini Erfan , Ayati Mohsen , Jamshidian Hassan , Radkhah Kayvan , Amini Shahab
Published: March 2015

Introduction

Most men seeking penile enhancement techniques have a normal penile size. They are either misinformed or suffer from penile dysmorphophobia and should be discouraged from undergoing invasive procedures. Less invasive techniques including penile extenders are not associated with major complications and may be beneficial from a psychological perspective.

Aim

We conducted this study to assess the efficacy and safety of AndroPenis® (Andromedical, Madrid, Spain) penile extender.

Methods

Between December 2010 and December 2013, 163 men presented to our institution complaining of small penile length and/or girth. All patients received structured psychosexual counseling. Fifty-four patients were willing to use the AndroPenis penile extender after counseling. Patients with major psychiatric disorders were excluded from enrollment. The patients were instructed to wear the device between 4 and 6 hours per day for 6 months. Penile dimensions including flaccid stretched and erected lengths were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. Erectile function was assessed at baseline and 9 months after treatment using the simplified International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). An institutional nonstandardized questionnaire was used to evaluate patient satisfaction at the end of study.

Main Outcome Measures

Penile length and girth enhancement as well as satisfaction rate and improvement in erectile function were assessed during follow-up.

Results

At 6-month follow-up, a mean gain of 1.7 ± 0.8, 1.3 ± 0.4, and 1.2 ± 0.4 cm was noted for the flaccid, stretched, and erected penile lengths, respectively (all P values < 0.001). During the off treatment period, there were no significant changes in penile lengths. No effect on penile girth was observed. Patient satisfaction survey revealed modest satisfaction. From 13 patients with mild baseline erectile dysfunction, nine patients reported normal erectile function after 9 months.

Conclusion

Penile extender as a minimally invasive technique is safe and provides modest benefits and patient satisfaction.