bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Surgery: A Review of a Personal Series of 95 Major Resections
Authors: BALASEGARAM M.
Published: January 2008

This article briefly reveals the author's experience of 95 major hepatic resections performed for various conditions during a seven‐year period. The necessity for better understanding of intrahepatic anatomy of the liver, especially of the hepatic venous anomalies, and the use of more recent diagnostic aids, is stressed. The author's indications and the types of resection performed are described in detail. Some of the views expressed are in direct opposition to the traditional methods of treatment of some hepatic lesions. The low mortality of 12.6% in this series has been attributed to proper selection of patients for resection, and advancement in anæsthesia and surgical technique, including better preoperative and postoperative care.
Reconstruction of the Lower Eyelid Utilizing the Upper Eyelid
Authors: ENGLISH FRANK P. , ENGLISH KEVIN P.
Published: January 2008

When marked loss of the lower eyelid occurs, a useful reconstructive surgical technique is the tarsoconjunctival slide operation. Here the tarsus is supplied from the upper lid, and the full thickness is completed by skin graft or an advancement flap.
The Role of the Voluntary Anal Sphincter in the Maintenance of Fæcal Continence in Normal and Abnormal States
Authors: VARMA K. K.
Published: January 2008

Manometric studies on normal and abnormal children showed that the voluntary sphincter complex of the anal canal subserved the most important role in the maintenance of continence by three mechanisms‐namely, by providing a resting pressure in the sphincter sone higher than that in the rectum, by reflex contractions in response to rectal distension, with consequent unconscious adjustment of the anal pressure to preserve continence, and by its action as a conscious response to reinforce the anal canal and control defæcation. Furthermore, stretch receptors in the voluntary sphincter complex of the anal canal gave a warning of impending defæcation. After rectoplasty procedures when the only sphincter present was the levator ani complex, the unconscious reflexes were abolished, but the children attained appropriate sensory perception and a high degree of continence provided that the resting tone of the puborectalis muscle was adequate.

The voluntary sphincter takes the lion's share of the responsibility of maintaining anorectal continence. Continence in the normal child is dependent on:

(1) Resting tone of the sphincters; and (2) Neuromuscular reflexes ‐an unconscious Phase I and a conscious Phase II. After abdomino‐perineal pull‐through operations, these children can achieve a high degree of continence, even in the absence of a Phase T response, provided that the resting tone of the voluntary sphincter is high enough.
Angiomyolipoma: A Rare and Interesting Tumour of the Kidney
Authors: TAN G. C. , ENGLAND E. J. , LOW A. I.
Published: January 2008

Angiomyolipoma is a benign tumour of the kidney, associated in most instances with tuberous sclerosis. On occasions, no stigmata of tuberous sclerosis can be detected, and this group of angiomyolipomas has certain distinguishing features which are discussed with a review of the literature. A rather unusual case is reported, and a plea is made for conservatism in the surgery of these tumours.
The Effect of Heparin on the Early Resolution of Pulmonary Emboli in the Dog
Authors: VELLAR I. D. A. , O'SULLIVAN E. F.
Published: January 2008

An experimental model has been developed to study the effect of heparin on pulmonary emboli in the dog. This has demonstrated that emboli impacted in the “lobar” arteries of the dog's lung lose an appreciable amount of their weight in 24 hours, and that this weight loss remains the same despite adequate anti‐coagulation with heparin. Massive emboli lodging in the main pulmonary artery have their weight loss at 24 hours approximately doubled by heparin. The implications of these results in the behaviour of pulmonary emboli in the human are discussed.
The Surgery of the Wrist in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: HOOPER JONATHAN
Published: January 2008

The experience of the surgery of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis over a six‐year period (1964–1970) at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital in Southern California is reported. One hundred and sixteen operations were performed on 75 patients. The procedures fell into two groups: (I) Decompression and removal of exuberant synovium; and (2) Reconstruction of deranged wrists. In the latter group it was felt that wrist fusion was an unsatisfactory procedure, and that the operation of pseudofusion gave a much more satisfactory functional result.
The Results of Radical Excision of Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Requiring Pedicle Flap Reconstruction
Authors: FLEMING W. B. , LONG T. M.
Published: January 2008

Immediate pedicle flap reconstruction has widened the scope of combined resection of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. A series of 37 patients who have been treated in this way at the Royal Melbourne Hospital is reported. The low operative mortality, and a cancer control rate in the survivors of better than 50% at two years, have encouraged a greater use of these techniques in suitable patients.
Cancer of the Rectum: The Results of Radical Resection and the Suggested Role of Lesser Procedures in Selected Cases1
Authors: STUART MALCOLM
Published: January 2008

Radical resection of the rectum is a widely practised treatment for rectal carcinoma whether for cure or palliation. However, this approach is attended by a significant postoperative mortality and morbidity, with a five‐year survival rate rarely exceeding 50%. The same experience has been found at the Prince Henry and Prince of Wales Hospitals, which are major teaching hospitals of the University of New South Wales. Lesser procedures than radical resection are therefore suggested as an alternative treatment in selected cases of rectal carcinoma.
The Anomanometer: Its Use in the Assessment of Continence and in the Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: VARMA F. K. , HUNT T. W. , STEPHENS F. DOUGLAS
Published: January 2008

The purpose of this paper is to describe the anomanometer, a versatile instrument, portable and easy to use. It has been used for (a) assessment of continence after surgery for anorectal malformations; and (b) the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease in children. The measurement of the resting and voluntary squeeze pressures provides the criteria upon which it is possible to quantify continence after surgical correction of anorectal malformations. The anomanometer records the biphasic response of the sphincters to rectal distension in normal children and the lack of the relaxation phase in Hirschsprung's disease, thus providing a convenient and simple method of diagnosis.

A portable anomanometer has been devised and has proved useful for the purposes of (a) assessment of continence after surgery for anorectal anomalies, and (b) the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

It consists of a single air‐filled tambour‐type balloon mounted on a Perspex probe and connected through a transducer to an analogue readout, so that changes of pressure in the balloon induced by the sphincter muscles of the anal canal are registered as deflections of the needle of the meter.

Two measurements obtained by the anomanometer provide criteria of postoperative anal sphincter function, namely the resting tone of the sphincter muscle and the voluntary squeeze pressure. Children who had had surgical reconstruction of the anal canal for supralevator, intermediate and translevator abnormalities were tested. A combination of a resting tone of 20 mm Hg with a voluntary squeeze pressure of 30 mm Hg or more was associated with an excellent state of continence, whereas the combination of a resting tone below 15 mm Hg and a voluntary squeeze less than 30 mm Hg corresponded with a clinical state of socially unacceptable incontinence. Those children with borderline resting tone of the sphincter and voluntary squeeze pressures above 30 mm Hg have varied degrees of impaired sphincter function, which may be improved in some by hardening of the fæces, education or the lapse of time.

The anomanometer detected in a very reliable manner the anal responses to rectal distension, and in particular the lack of reflex relaxation of the internal sphincter in patients with Hirschsprung's disease. It proved to be a simple economical apparatus not only for the detection of Hirschsprung's disease, but also for eliminating this possibility in many patients.
Congenital Rectovesical Fistula and its Associated Anomalies
Authors: MAGNUS RUTH V.
Published: January 2008

A series of II specimens of congenital rectovesical fistula is presented, illustrating the constant association of major genito‐urinary defects with this rare anomaly. Abnormalities of the vertebral column, pelvis and pelvic floor are also frequently associated with the condition.
CT/1341: A Steroid Anæsthetic Induction Agent
Authors: RAWSTRON R. E. , McNEILL T. D. M. , SCOTT R. M.
Published: January 2008

A study has been made on 100 patients of the steroid anæsthetic agent CT/1341. This drug is shown to be a satisfactory induction agent, which is relatively trouble‐free and has good patient acceptance.
An Assessment of the Place of Microvascular Repair in Traumatic Amputations of the Upper Limbs
Authors: Miller Graeme D. H.
Published: January 2008

Better functional results may be expected after reattachment of amputated fingers than after more proximal amputations. A method of microvascular repair is described, illustrated by the results of reattachment of amputated digits in seven patients, and an assessment of the place of reattachment is made. Reattachment is worthwhile when it is planned to save one or two digits for opposition, but rarely in single finger injuries, and it is of decreasing value with higher amputations.
Acute Cholecystitis: The Question of Early or Late Operation
Authors: Pheils M. T. , Andersen P. T. , Silverton R. P. , Duraiappah B.
Published: January 2008

During the five‐year period from 1963 to 1968 there were 327 elective cholecystectomies, and 128 cholecystectomies carried out during an attack of acute cholecystitis. The patients in the acute group were significantly older than those in the elective group. The operative mortality was 1.2% in the elective group and 1.6% in the acute group. The only significant difference in the incidence of complications was that temporary biliary fistula which occurred only in the acute group.
Skin Tumours in Immunosuppressed Patients1
Authors: Marshall Vernon C.
Published: January 2008

The relationship between immunosuppression and development of cancer appears definite. We now present evidence of an increased incidence of shin tumours ranging from recurrent keratoses, keratoacanthomas and carcinoma‐in‐situ to carcinomas of the skin and of the lip in a group of immunosuppressed patients.
“Transplant Leg”: Skin Flap Avulsion of the Leg due to Minor Trauma after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Marshall Vernon
Published: January 2008

Although major skin damage from minor injury has been documented by D. J. David as a complication of corticosteroid therapy, the complication has to date not been mentioned following renal transplantation. We report 13 lesions which occurred in eight patients who had received cadaveric renal grafts
Vesico‐Ureteric Reflux after Renal Transplantation1
Authors: Urquhart‐Hay D. , McIlwaine J. , Stephenson C. B. S.
Published: January 2008

The tunnel and cuff method of ureteric implantation has been found to be an effective method in preventing vesico‐ureteric reflux following cadaveric renal transplantation.
Lower Aortic Thrombosis in a Young Woman: Report of a Case
Authors: Weston T. S.
Published: January 2008

Thrombotic occlusion of the lower abdominal aorta in a young woman is considered unusual. A case of this condition successfully treated by endarterectomy is reported
The Role of Fluorine 18 Scanning in the Detection of Skeletal Metastases in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Green David , Jeremy R. , Towson Jocelyn , Morris J.
Published: January 2008

Seventy‐one women with early breast cancer were investigated by fluorine 18 scanning and axial skeletal radiography within a short time of diagnosis. They were then reviewed one year later. Seven patients out of the 71 had either an abnormal scan or abnormal skiagrams initially, but at follow‐up detectable occult skeletal metastases were confirmed in three only (4%). Considering this low yield, it is questionable whether routine use of these screening procedures is justified. The radionuclide is sensitive in detecting osseous disease, but in view of its non‐specificity the scan should always be interpreted together with a skiagram
The Treatment of Benign Prostatomegaly by Injection
Authors: Salleh Hussein Bin Mohamed
Published: January 2008

Thirty‐two cases of benign prostatomegaly were treated by injection by the author. Relief of symptoms and signs zvas satisfactory in 84‐4% of cases, both immediately and on a long‐term basis. The method appears worthy of more widespread use, as it is cheap and simple, and could be carried out on an out‐patient basis.
Choriocarcinoma of the Testis: Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: Raghavaiah N. V. , Rao B. S.
Published: January 2008

Testicular tumours are rare. Choriocarcinoma of the testis is the rarest of all of them. In view of this rarity, the report of such a case is now presented
Peripheral Ischaemia Caused by Blood Hyperviscosity1
Authors: McGrath Michael A. , Tracy G. Douglas , Lord Reginald S. A. , Penny Ronald
Published: January 2008

This report concerns 12 male patients who presented with digital ischcemia associated with blood hyperviscosity. The diagnosis of hyperviscosity was anticipated in eight cases by the presence of palpable peripheral pulses, but in four other patients with diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis obliterans, hyperviscosity was an unexpected additional finding. A wide variety of conditions were identified as responsible for the blood hyperviscosity. Detection of the precise abnormality is important, since specific therapy may improve or correct both the condition and its related clinical manifestations. The prognosis of unrecognized hyperviscosity is poor, because of progression of the primary disease and associated ischemic complications. There is also an increased likelihood of morbidity following angiography or arterial reconstruction.
Caecal Perforation in Large‐Bowel Obstruction1
Authors: Duraiappah Balasubramaniam , Pheils Murray Theodore
Published: January 2008

Reports of two unusual cases of obstructive caecal perforation are presented, and the relevant literature is reviewed. It is suggested that the prime factor in obstructive caecal perforation is ischtemia. The importance of recognizing and treating impending perforation of the caecum in large‐bowel obstruction is emphasised. Caecostomy is recommended for small perforations, but resection is indicated if more extensive ischcemia is present.
A Combined Intracranial and Facial Approach for Excision and Repair of Cancer of the Ethmoid Sinuses
Authors: Millar H. S. , Petty P. G. , Wilson W. F. , Hueston J. T.
Published: January 2008

A procedure is described which combines an intracranial and facial approach to allow en‐bloc excision of cancer arising in the ethmoid sinuses. A forehead flap is used to provide stable repair of the bony and dural defect in the roof of the orbit and cranial fossa.
Complications of Liver Resection for Trauma1
Authors: Heslop J. H.
Published: January 2008

The major perioperative complication in cases of liver injury is hœmorrhage. This is usually a technical problem, but it may be seriously aggravated by secondary coagulation defects. As a result, renal shut‐down is an ever‐present possibility. Most of the later complications derive from infection, liver necrosis and respiratory causes. A patient with liver injury who required 100 pints of blood or its components is reported in order to illustrate these difficulties.
Endoscopy of the Bile Duct: An Evaluation1
Authors: Leslie Douglas
Published: January 2008

Endoscopy of the biliary tract has now reached the stage where it is rapid and easy and can be very helpful in duct exploration, mainly in avoiding the problem of leaving residual stones. It is recommended for routine use.
Combined Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, and Surgery in the Treatment of Advanced but Localized Solid Malignant Tumours1
Authors: Stephens Frederick O.
Published: January 2008

The most effective use of chemotherapeutic agents is in a planned combined approach in the treatment of lesions in patients who would not be expected to have a good prognosis with standard therapy. For advanced squamous carcinomata, the combination of bleomycin and Methotrexate has been effective in reducing the size and extent of the tumours in this series. Chemotherapy alone does not “cure” cancers, but follow‐up radiotherapy or surgery should be used to achieve the best long‐term results. The use of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of carcinomata which are recurrent after previous radiotherapy or surgery is much less likely to be effective. Newer chemotherapeutic approaches are required to attempt to improve the outlook of patients with lesions which cannot be directly infused intraartcrially, for patients with massive lymph node involvement, and especially for patients who have recurrent lesions after previous irradiation or surgery. The combination of bleomycin and Methotrexate with vincristine was highly effective in some patients, but in two of eight patients given this combination by intravenous administration there was a fatal pancytopenia, and this combination is therefore not recommended. From our small experience of a good result in three patients treated with the combination or bleomycin, Methotrexate and hydroxyurea, two of whom had massive metastatic involvement of lymph nodes which responded to chemotherapy, while the other had a fungating carcinoma of lip recurrent after previous irradiation and surgery, it would seem that further use of this combination should be evaluated.

Finally, it is imperative that all patients with advanced lesions or lesions which are not readily eradicated by standard means are better seen in a properly constituted consultative clinic for patients with malignant disease before therapy is commenced. No one clinician alone, be he physician, surgeon, or radiotherapist, can have all the appropriate expertise required for coping with patients with these most formidable problems. The opinions of others must be sought and obtained in order to be certain that each patient is given the most appropriate treatment in a well‐planned regimen. It is no longer appropriate for any one clinician to treat his patients with the expertise which he has available to himself and refer his failures for some other form of treatment which at that stage may well be ineffective.
Squamous Carcinoma of the Eyelid Simulating Keratoacanthoma: Report of a Case
Authors: Threlfall George N.
Published: January 2008

A case of squamous carcinoma of the skin is presented which emphasizes the difficulties of distinguishing this condition from keratoacanthoma. Certain other unusual features of this tumour are mentioned, particularly its apparent stimulation by a single incident of injury.
Hemifacial Atrophy: Repair with a Buried Flap1
Authors: Dey David L.
Published: January 2008

The treatment of atrophic contour defects of the face is considered, and the place of infections of silicone fluid, and restoration with the patient's own tissues, is outlined.
Australian Experience in Craniofacial Osteotomy for Facial Deformity
Authors: Wood‐Smith Donald , Dey David L.
Published: January 2008

It is the right of every human being to look human. A new approach to the treatment of gross facial deformity, following the work of Dr Paul Tessier of Paris, is described. Some detail is given of five such cases operated on to date at the Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney.
Orthopædic Aspects of Arterial Injuries Associated with Lower Limb Fractures1
Authors: Cole W. G.
Published: January 2008

Early clinical diagnosis of ischcemia complicating fractures and dislocations is mandatory. In most patients the restoration of the circulation to the ischamic limb is indicated rather than amputation. To obtain the best results, treatment to restore the circulation and skeletal stability must be commenced early.
Unusual Presentation of a Hepatic Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Boss S. M. , Monga N. K.
Published: January 2008

A hepatic hydatid cyst presenting as an extraperltoneal cyst is reported, and the relevant literature is reviewed. The cyst, which had originated in the left lobe of the liver, had burrowed in between the anterior parietal peritoneum and the posterior rectus sheath, and had reached such an enormous size as to become adherent to the whole of the abdominal wall. Such a presentation has not been reported elsewhere for many years.
A Comparison of Cryoprecipitated Plasma and Albumin Solutions for Machine Preservation of Ischæmically Damaged Canine Kidneys1
Authors: Sheil A. G. R. , Drummond J. M. , Kelly G. E. , Boulas J. , Mears D. C.
Published: January 2008

Four solutions for machine perfusion and preservation of is chœmically damaged canine kidneys were compared. They were (i) canine Cryoprecipitated plasma, (ii) canine albumin, (iii) human stable plasma protein, and (iv) human albumin. The results with both canine protein solutions were satisfactory. The solutions containing human protein were found unsuitable for canine kidney preservation. It was concluded that albumin solutions were at least as effective as cryoprecipitate for 24‐hour perfusion of ischœmically damaged canine kidneys.
Compensatory and Obligatory Renal Growth in Babies and Adults1
Authors: Silber Sherman J.
Published: January 2008

On the basis of previous studies in rats, and clinical observations in human renal transplantation and in patients with a renal duplication anomaly, we have postulated two distinct types of renal growth. Compensatory growth is caused by a nephron deficit, while obligatory growth is part of the normal process of growing into adulthood. The former is reversible, and the latter is not. A definitive test of this hypothesis required the transplantation of extra kidneys into baby rats and comparison of their growth with that of normal litter‐mate controls. This showed that there is little if any retardation of obligatory renal growth in spite of the presence of an excess of kidneys in the baby.
The Effect of Irradiated Cells on Tumour Growth1
Authors: Bray A. E.
Published: January 2008

The effect on tumour growth of adding heavily irradiated cells to a standard number of viable mouse melanoma tumour cells before its inoculation into the syngeneic host was investigated. It was found that admixed irradiated syngeneic tumour cells stimulated tumour growth. Irradiated syngeneic fibroblasts had no effect. Irradiated tumour cells with a strong histocompatability difference inhibited tumour growth. It is possible that this inhibitory effect was due to a stimulation of the host immune system.
Surgical Lesions in Head Injuries: Their Relative Incidence, Mortality Rates and Trends
Authors: Jamieson Kenneth G.
Published: January 2008

An analysis is presented of 1,235 lesions requiring surgical treatment in 1,045 patients drawn from a series of approximately 11,000 admitted to hospital with head injuries in an II‐year period. Subdural hæmatomas were by far the most common lesions, outnumbering extradural hæmatomas by over three to one. Depressed fractures were the next most frequent lesions, with intracerebral heematomas and other lesions much less common. Incidences, pathology, mechanisms and causes, presentation and mortality rates are dissected, and some trends in type and severity of injury are discussed.
Cryohypophysectomy: A Technique for the Therapeutic Induction of Hypopituitarism
Authors: Bleasel Kevin , Lazarus L.
Published: January 2008

The induction of hypopituitarism has been greatly simplified by a technique in which use is made of the Cooper cryoprobe. This is introduced into the pituitary fossa via the sphenoidal sinus with the aid of an image intensifier. The technique and results are described.
Hæmangioblastomas of the Hindbrain: A Report of 18 Cases
Authors: Jamieson K. G. , Yelland J. D. N. , Merry G. S.
Published: January 2008

Eighteen cases of hæmangioblastoma of the hindbrain are reported, with reference to age and sex incidence, association with von Hippel's angiomatosis retina and Lindau's syndrome, distribution of lesions and clinical presentation. The outcome of surgical intervention is discussed, and a case of recurrent and multiple tumours is presented.
Acute Hydrocephalus in Hæmophilia: Report of a Case
Authors: McCulloch G. A. J.
Published: January 2008

A case of life‐threatening hydroccphalus occurring in a hæmophiliac child is reported, and attention is drawn to the possibilities of successful surgical treatment in an apparently moribund patient. The pertinent literature is reviewed.
The Management of Respiratory Failure Due to Combined Chest and Abdominal Injuries
Authors: James Owen , Gibbons Jennifer , Bissett Russell
Published: January 2008

The management in a regional unit of 158 patients with thoracic trauma resulting in respiratory failure is described. Emphasis is placed on the need for accurate diagnosis of intraabdominal trauma in the presence of chest injury. Peritoneal tap is advocated, both to avoid unnecessary laparotomy and to diagnose hæmoperitoneum when intraabdominal signs are obscured by those of the thoracic injury. Following laparotomy on a patient with significant pulmonary trauma, artificial ventilation is necessary for some days, but when the trauma chiefly involves the chest, an opportunity exists to manage the patient by pain relief alone. Forty‐five patients suffering respiratory failure following injury to the chest and abdomen were managed, and 12 died, while 35 needed artificial ventilation.
Colonoscopy: Experience with the First 100 Examinations at the Royal Brisbane Hospital
Authors: Isbister W. H. , Campbell C. B.
Published: January 2008

The first 100 colonoscopies performed at the Royal Brisbane Hospital are reviewed. The indications for the examinations and the findings both on endoscopy and biopsy are discussed. Colonoscopy provides useful clinical information in more than half of the patients examined. It is of particular value in patients with doubtful radiological appearances, but of less help in elucidating the cause of lower gastrointestinal hæmorrhage.
Bronchial Adenoma: A Review of 26 Cases
Authors: Simpson J. A. , Smith F. , Matz L. R. , Hodge A. J.
Published: January 2008

A retrospective review of 26 cases of bronchial adenoma is presented, with an analysis of symptoms, X‐ray and bronchoscopic findings, surgical management, pathology aid postoperative course. Twenty‐two patients are known to be alive and well, with no clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence at review six months to 18 years after operation. This review supports the previously recognized opinion that resection by thoracotomy is the treatment of choice and that this resection should be as conservative as possible. The long‐term results of even the most conservative operative procedures are satisfactory.
An Anorectal Sling in the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse and Incontinence
Authors: O'Rourke D. A.
Published: January 2008

Seven patients suffering from anorectal prolapse have been subjected to a sling type operation. The basis of this procedure is the insertion of a sling around the anorectal junction by a perineal approach. The operation is brief and simple.
The Effects of Antibiotics and Storage on the Viability and Ultrastructure of Fibroblasts in Canine Heart Valves Prepared for Grafting1
Authors: Girinath M. R. , Gavin J. B. , Strickett M. G. , Barratt‐Boyes B. G.
Published: January 2008

Aortac und pulmonary valve cusps from mongrel dogs were suspended in a nutrient medium and exposed for one week at 4°C to an antibiotic solution and were thereafter stored in nutrient medium without antibiotics at 4°C. The cusps were subjected to tissue culture and microscopic examination at intervals ranging from one day to five weeks after collectzon. Growth of fibroblasts was noted on tissue culture in 93% of cusps after 24 hours, in 61% after one week and in 15% after two weeks. There was no growth beyond two weeks. Elertron microscopic examination showed progressively severe ultrastructural changes recognizable after the cusps had been in the antibiotic solution for 24 hours. This and other studies on human material make it clear that satisfactory function of antibiotic‐sterilized valve allografts is not primarily dependent on viable graft fibroblasts.
Gastro‐Intestinal Hormones and Bile Secretion in the Perfused Pig Liver: The Effects of Secretin, Cholecystokinin and Pentagastrin
Authors: Jablonski Paula , Sali A. , Watts J. McK.
Published: January 2008

The effects of secretin, cholecystokinin and pentagastrin on the hepatic bile secretion rate were studied in the perfused pig liver. An increase in the bile secretion rate and bicarbonate output was found during secretin infusion. Simultaneous infusion of either cholecystokinin or pentagastrin with secertin augmented this increase to level greater than the sum of the single hormone responses. Secretin produced a fall in bile‐salt output. but neither cholecystokinin nor pentagastrin had any such effect. However, when either cholecystokinin or pentagastrin was infused together with secretin, there was an increase in bile salt output for 30 minutes, followed by maintenance of output at base‐line values. All three hormones must therefore influence the handling of bile salts by the hepatocyte.
Renal Allotransplantation in the Rat: Method and Histological Findings1
Authors: Blamey R. W. , Baxter Thelma J. , O'Brien B. McC. , Bennett R. C.
Published: January 2008

A method of performing and assessing renal allografts in the rat is described. With this technique, one kidney of the recipient is left in situ, the other being replaced by the allograft. The degree of rejection of the kidney is assessed histologically. The changes of ischamic necrosis sometimes seen in advanced rejection are also discussed, and the appearance of each grade of rejection is described.
Exploration of the Orbital Floor Through a Conjunctival Approach
Authors: David David John
Published: January 2008

An approach made through the conjunctiva provides an excellent exposure of the orbital rim and floor. Fourteen occasions on which exploration was performed through this incision are reported. The method is described, and is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure. 1.
Accessory Splenic Stomach Wall Abscess Mass Simulating Neoplasm
Authors: Crawford Arthur
Published: January 2008

A case is described of the diagnostic dilemma presented by a mass in the fundus of the stomach which proved at laparotomy to be caused by a large granulation tissue mass central to accessory splenic tissue. Relevant extracts from the literature are quoted in a discussion of the problems arising from this unusual pathology.
The Surgical Management of Subphrenic Abscess: A Historical Study
Authors: Halliday P.
Published: January 2008

This paper is a study of the evolution of the management of subphrenic abscess from the earliest reports to the present day. Its purpose is to compare and contrast the attitudes and practices established during the earlier years with those of the present, in particular in relation to changes consequent on the introduction of antibiotics.
The Accuracy of Methods of Diagnosis in Patients with Suspected Recurrent Ulcer after Vagotomy
Authors: Steinberg D. M. , Green G. , Toye D. K. M. , Alexander‐Williams J.
Published: January 2008

This paper reports a critical analysis of the results of the investigations used to establish a diagnosis in, 37 patients submitted to a second operation for presumed recurrent or unhealed ulcer. The results of investigations have been correlated with the operative and histopathological findings.
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Authors: Owen‐Smith M. S.
Published: January 2008

Two cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis are reported, with a discussion of eosinophilia in general and the incidence of various disorders which may be associated zvith it.
Haemobilia from Pancreatic Cystadenoma
Authors: Hislop I. G. , Bourne A. J. , Paull C. G.
Published: January 2008

Haemobilia from a pancreatic source is a rare cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Most of the reported cases have arisen from haemorrhage into a pancreatic pseudocyst, which is frequently fatal. This report describes a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage arising from a pancreatic cystadenoma.
Dormia Basket Removal of a Residual Common Duct Stone: Report of a Case
Authors: Hart S. A. , Jansz A. W.
Published: January 2008

A case is presented of successful removal of a residual common bile duct calculus by the use of a Dormia basket introduced through a T tube.
Drill Biopsy of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Ma Michael K. G. , Ng W. L. , Ong G. B.
Published: January 2008

Needle drill biopsies were performed on 360 patients presenting with thyroid swellings. The indications and technique are discussed. Surgical treatment was carried out for 154 of the 225 solitary nodules and 82 of the 129 nodular goitres. The overall success rate in obtaining thyroid tissue was 74%. The accuracy rate was 100% in lymphocytic thyroiditis, anaplastic carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. With adenoma, 66% of those presenting as solitary nodules and 44‐4% as nodular goitres were correctly diagnosed. Two‐thirds of papillary carcinomas were correctly diagnosed by drill biopsy. Only 28‐6% of follicular carcinomas were diagnosed before operation. The drill biopsy proved to be a simple procedure, with few complications, and served the purpose of selecting patients for operative treatment.
Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis: A Review of 49 Cases Treated at the University of New South Wales Teaching Hospitals over the Last Ten Years
Authors: Bannister John
Published: January 2008

The purpose of this paper is to assess critically the results of treatment of slipped femoral capital epiphyses in patients seen over the past ten years at the Prince of Wales Hospital. The problems examined in this study include: (a) the indications for prophylactic pinning; (b) the number of Knowles pins necessary for fixation; and (c) the questions whether and when these should be removed.
Œsophageal Reduplication Cyst
Authors: Ritchie James D.
Published: January 2008

A case of reduplication cyst of the œsophagus lined by partly ciliated epithelium is presented. The cetiology, clinical presentation and treatment are discussed.
Chondromatous Hamartoma of the Thyroid Gland: Report of a Case
Authors: Chahal A. S. , Subramanyam C. S. V. , Bhattacharjea A. K.
Published: January 2008

A case of congenital chondromatous hamartoma of the thyroid gland in a male infant is reported. It presented as a congenital goitre. The thyroid swelling started to increase in size and became hard. It was excised. Histopathological examination revealed the tumour to be a chondromatous hamartoma of the thyroid gland. Reports of this condition in the literature are few
Actinomycosis of Bone
Authors: Wilding Kalev , Nade Sydney
Published: January 2008

Actinomycosis is a rare disease, which is most commonly seen in the cervicofacial region and provides problems in diagnosis and treatment. Cervicofacial actinomycotic osteomyelitis is a curable disease. Its natural history and guides to its management are described
Ureterostomy‐in‐Situ1
Authors: Syme Rodney R. A.
Published: January 2008

A simple operation is described, which in the presence of upper urinary tract obstruction is under certain conditions an alternative to nephrostomy, and which may be modified for use in conjunction with conservative upper urinary tract surgery
Giant Ureteric Calculus
Authors: Ananthakrishnan N. , Kapur B. M. L.
Published: January 2008

A case of giant ureteric calculus 12 cm in length is reported. Only 11 cases of such calculi measuring 12 cm or more have been previously reported in the literature. The relevant features of giant ureteric calculus are discussed
Pancreatic Cyst Complicated by Major Arterial Erosion and Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage
Authors: Wilson W. F. , Wilkie R. C. , Ewing M. R.
Published: January 2008

Uncommonly, pancreatic cysts are complicated by the erosion of certain adjacent arteries and serious gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This diagnosis should be entertained in any patient with chronic pancreatitis who presents with unexplained gastrointestinal blood loss, whether acute or chronic, a pulsatile mass in the epigastrium, and an associated bruit. Selective cceliac axis angiography may not only confirm the diagnosis, but provide precise anatomical information as a guide to the surgeon in planning treatment. The surgical treatment of choice is transcysiic ligation of the bleeding vessel, followed by internal cyst drainage
Diarrhœogenic Tumours of the Pancreas1
Authors: Zollinger Robert M.
Published: January 2008

The islets of Langerhans, initially thought to be devoid of function, can be the site of tumour formation with serious and often lethal complications. One of the associated syndromes may be diarrhœal, due to secretion of a polypeptide of which the exact nature still awaits complete elucidation. This must ultimately be achieved by radioimmunoassay. The diarrhœogenic pancreatic tumours are discussed, three cases being reported in detail
Arterial Embolectomy in the Lower Limbs
Authors: Lee W. K. C. , Morris Peter J.
Published: January 2008

A series of arterial embolectomies of the lower limb is reviewed, and the results are compared with those in a previous series reported from this hospital. There were 40 emboli in the 36 patients, with an operative mortality of 16% and a limb salvage rate of 85%. This represents a considerable improvement on the results reported from the first series and is attributed to the greater experience of surgeons with the Fogarty embolectomy catheter. However, there has been no decrease in the delay between the onset of symptoms and the embolectomy. If this aspect of management could be improved, then even better results should be obtained
Unilateral Painful Vasospasm in the Lower Limbs of Young Women
Authors: Huygens Hugo J.
Published: January 2008

The cases of five young women who presented with severe pain and associated vascular changes in one foot are described. The pain was spontaneous in onset and lasted for days, and its severity was such that none of the patients were able to walk without disability. Arteriography in three patients revealed arterial spasm. All had a good response from lumbar sympathectomy on the affected side
Subvalvular Left Ventricular Aneurysm Following Mitral Valve Replacement1
Authors: Feint J. A. , Richardson J. P. , Clarebrough J. K.
Published: January 2008

Two cases are presented which represent different aspects of damage to the posterior wall of the left ventricle following mitral valve replacement. In the first case rupture of the ventricle occurred in the immediate postoperative period with a fatal result, while in the second, delayed aneurysm formation occurred with embolic and hemodynamic complications. This patient also did not survive. A review of the literature reveals four similar cases previously recorded. Possible (etiological factors are considered, including operative trauma, ischemic damage, rupture of unsupported muscle, previous surgery with the development of pericardial adhesions and fixing of the valve ring, and finally abscess formation. The indications for operative intervention and possible complications of the aneurysm are noted
Dolichocolon
Authors: Ewing Maurice
Published: January 2008

A pica is made for the recognition of a disorder of the colon, commonly encountered in the elderly, which is characterized by elongation (and also by dilatation) of the colon, especially the sigmoid. It may give rise to symptoms which suggest a diagnosis of carcinoma. The condition is believed to be acquired, and is an important (etiological factor in the development of sigmoid and, less frequently, of ccecat volvulus
Pancreatitis Following Intestinal Bypass for Obesity
Authors: Sorrell V. F. , Knight D. H. , Burcher S. K.
Published: January 2008

Three out of 24 patients undergoing intestinal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity have developed acute pancreatitis in the postoperative period. All three had undergone end‐to‐end jejunoileal bypass. This serious postoperative complication has been infrequently recorded. Its significance and possible (etiological factors are discussed
Experiences with Appendicostomy Old and New
Authors: O'Reilly Kevin
Published: January 2008

A small personal series of nine private patients in whom appendicostomy was used to protect colonic anastomoses is presented. Because of the slightly experimental nature of the procedure, each procedure was first discussed with the patient and with the referring doctor. The conclusion is drawn that the procedure is inadequate for the task
Congenital Atresia of the Colon: A Review and a Case Report
Authors: Lanigan Michael W.
Published: January 2008

Current concepts of the incidence, œtiology, diagnosis and management of atresia of the colon are outlined. A case report of Type III atresia treated by a one‐stage procedure is presented. It is felt that the use of parenteral alimentation played a major part in the successful outcome
Gastric Carcinoma: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Isbister William H. , Knowles Brian R.
Published: January 2008

Reversible ischœmic colitis is usually associated with diffuse obliterative arterial disease. The case is presented of a patient who had a carcinoma of the stomach which had directly infiltrated the middle colic vessels and produced symptoms of colonic ischcemia. His method of presentation and subsequent progress are described
Hot Nodules of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Hunter R. , Oakley J. R.
Published: January 2008

The Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Royal Adelaide Hospital, first made thyroid scans available in May, 1068. This paper reviews the hot nodules found in these scans during the period March, 1969 to November, 1972. The significance of the single hot nodule is discussed, and an attempt is ‐made to assess the accuracy of tests used to diagnose the autonomous hot nodule
Early Jaundice After Pig Liver Transplantation
Authors: Batteksby C. , Egerton W. S. , Balderson Glknda , Kerr J. F. , Burnett W.
Published: January 2008

Of a series of pigs surviving orthotopic liver allotransplantation with end‐to‐end anastomosis of the bile duct, 70% were noted to be jaundiced at the end of the first week after transplantation. Seven animals in a subsequent series were investigated biochemically, by operative cholangiography, and by liver biopsy seven days after transplantation, when the jaundice was maximal. There was definite cholangiographic obstruction in only one animal, and this finding was subsequently confirmed at autopsy. This was also the only animal in which bile culture was positive. Jaundiced animals appeared to have more marked histological evidence of rejection than non‐jaundiced ones. The jaundice was probably a result of transient rejection and usually resolved spontaneously without immunosuppression
The In‐Vitro Action of Lymphocytes on Autologous Colon Epithelial Cells in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Hunt P. S. , Trotter S.
Published: January 2008

The action in culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes on autologous large‐intestinal epithelial cells was studied in 13 patients with severe mucosal ulcerative colitis. Two different methods were used to measure lymphocyte activity. These showed that autologous‐lymphocyte‐induced release of isotopic label and detachment in monolayer culture of large‐intestinal epithelial cells was increased in acute ulcerative colitis when compared with findings in the same studies in six normal subjects. Subsequently in four of the six patients who responded to cortisone it was shown that lymphocyte activity against epithelial cells returned to the normal range. Further control studies showed little lymphocyte activity against autologous skin and ileum, suggesting that autologous‐lymphocyte‐induced damage of large‐intestinal epithelial cells is a tissue‐specific reaction in patients with acute ulcerative colitis. The absence of reactivity in other colonic inflammatory diseases also suggested that such increased in‐vitro lymphocyte activity is disease‐specific for ulcerative colitis
Chest Injuries in Road Trauma1
Authors: Trinca Gordon , Weaver R. A.
Published: January 2008

A review of major chest injuries sustained by road crash victims attending the Preston and Northcote Community Hospital over the four‐year period 1971 to 1974 highlights the vulnerability of car occupants to this type of injury, particularly those involved in side‐impact collisions. In this type of collision, seat‐belt restraint does not influence the incidence of chest injury. Major injuries to other body areas and the delayed development of serious pulmonary complications call for continuous expert medical care with the use of the facilities of an intensive care ward. The range of complications in a survey of 60 such Patients admitted to hospital in 1074 is highlighted. A regime of management is outlined.
A Major Advance in the Management of Pneumatosis Coli1
Authors: Britten‐Jones R.
Published: January 2008

A new treatment for gas cysts of the large bowel is described which involves the continuous inhalation of a high concentration of oxygen over a five‐day period. Two patients with incapacitating symptoms due to diffuse pneumatosis coli were treated by this method. Oxygen therapy resulted in remission of symptoms and disappearance of cysts in both cases. The physiological basis of this simple, effective therapy is discussed, together with the precautions necessary in its use.
Hiatal Hernia Repair by Posterior Gastropexy1
Authors: Marshall R. D. , Gay G. P.
Published: January 2008

Posterior gastropexy was used in the repair of seventy‐seven hiatal hernias from 1070 to 1975, after the fashion of Lucius D. Hill, of Seattle. The operations were performed by one author and reviewed by the other. The rationale and technique of the operation are discussed. Ten patients were lost to follow‐up. Fifty‐six patients were greatly improved or cured, ten were improved but still had some symptoms, while only one was unimproved. We conclude that posterior gastropexy is an effective, simple, and safe operation for the treatment of reflux associated with hiatal hernia.
Suggested New Rules for Exploration of the Common Bile Duct at Cholecystectomy1
Authors: Hugh T. B.
Published: January 2008

Traditional indications for exploration of the common bile duct have been made anachronistic by developments in operative cholangiography. A new technique of contact cholangiography, described in this paper, improves the precision of operative cholangiography and allows the traditional indications for exploration to be modified. A neve set of guidelines for exploration of the common duct, based on high‐quality operative cholangiography, is outlined, and the place of the supraduodenal and transduodenal routes for exploration is discussed. The results of the application of these policies in a series of 120 cholecystectomies are presented.
The Use of a Tongue Flap for the Repair of Defects Following Radical Surgery of the Head and Neck
Authors: Robertson M. S.
Published: January 2008

Tongue flaps can provide up to 100 square centimetres of mucosal surface for the repair of defects in the oral cavity or upper pharynx. They provide an acceptable alternative to the use of pedicled skin flaps for the repair of many small to medium sized defects which occur following radical cancer surgery.
Chondromalacia of the Patella1
Authors: Beasley A. W.
Published: January 2008

Where chondromalacia of the patella is resistant to conservative treatment, and where the existence of a Crooks ridge can be inferred front the clinical or X‐ray findings, then an operative search for such a ridge, with trimming both of the ridge and of the affected area of the patella, offers a more promising surgical solution than other minor operative procedures, and a less drastic solution than patellectomy.