bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo Anticancer Activity of Novel Phenylmethylene Bis‐isoxazolo[4,5‐b]azepines.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Reddy M. Nagi , Murthy K. Rama , Surendar P. , Reddy R. N. , Reddy Y. N.
Published: April 2012

A series of title compounds (I) (10 examples) is synthesized and screened for in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Pyridazino[4,5‐b][1,4]oxazepine‐diones via Smiles Rearrangement.
Authors: Liu Yanli , Ma Ying , Zhan Chunjing , Huang Aiping , Ma Chen
Published: April 2012

A convenient synthesis of title compounds (III) from salicyclamides and dichloropyridazinone (II) is achieved by a one‐pot coupling/Smiles rearrangement/cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Alboatisin A, a New Diterpenoid from Euphorbia fischeriana
Authors: Yang Libin , Liu Shaojing , Zhang Bo , Suo Yourui
Published: April 2012

isolation and structure determination
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Sugar Fused β‐Disubstituted γ‐Butyro‐lactones: C‐Spiro‐glycosides from 1,2‐Cyclopropanecarboxylated Sugars.
Authors: Sridhar Perali Ramu , Seshadri Kalapati , Reddy Gadi Madhusudhan
Published: April 2012

Seven C‐spiro‐glycosides are readily prepared by treatment of bromohydrin (II) and its analogues with potassium carbonate as a mild base.
ChemInform Abstract: [R4N] [AOT]: A Surfactant Ionic Liquid as a Mild Glycosylation Promoter.
Authors: Galan M. Carmen , Tran Anh Tuan , Boisson Julien , Benito David , Butts Craig , Eastoe Julian , Brown Paul
Published: April 2012

Application of a new class of surfactant ionic liquids mildly activate thioglycosides when used in combination with NIS to promote the glycosylation of donors (I), (IV), and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azide‐Armed α‐1‐C‐Alkyl‐imino‐D‐xylitol Derivatives as Key Building Blocks for the Preparation of Iminosugar Click Conjugates.
Authors: Decroocq Camille , Mamani Laparra Laura , Rodriguez‐Lucena David , Compain Philippe
Published: April 2012

Title derivative (X) and its Boc‐protected precursor are synthesized by means of olefin cross‐metathesis in eight to nine steps and in an overall yield of 19 to 26% from xylopyranose (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Green and Sustainable Chemical Glycosylation: Enhanced Lewis Acidity of Recyclable Solid Super Acid Catalyst, SO4/ZrO2 by CaCl2 Doping.
Authors: Hinou Hiroshi , Saito Naohiro , Maeda Takahiro , Matsuda Masao , Kamiya Yuichi , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro
Published: April 2012

The enhanced glycosylation efficacy concerning the calcium chloride‐doped sulfated zirconia significantly depends on the ion radius of the calcium cation and how calcium chloride coordinates to the oxygen atom of sulfated zirconia to convert a Broensted acid site into a much more functional Lewis acid site.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II) Carbene‐Mediated Synthesis of Methyl α‐ and β‐Ketopyranosides: Preparation of Carbene Precursors, Quaternarization of the Anomeric Position, and Ring Opening of γ‐Lactones.
Authors: Boultadakis‐Arapinis Melissa , Lescot Camille , Micouin Laurent , Lecourt Thomas
Published: April 2012

Carbene‐mediated quaternarization of the anomeric position of methyl α‐manno‐and β‐glucopyranosides yields the corresponding ketopyranosides in the presence of Rh(II) salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Esterified Diterpenoid Alkaloid Derivatives with Increased Selectivity Against a Drug‐Resistant Cancer Cell Line.
Authors: Wada Koji , Ohkoshi Emika , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Bastow Kenneth F. , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: April 2012

20 new diterpenoid alkaloid derivatives of type (I) are synthesized by esterification of delpheline and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Carbocyclic Versions of Furanoid Nucleoside Phosphonic Acid Analogues as Potential anti‐HIV Agents.
Authors: Kim Eunae , Shen Guang Huan , Hong Joon Hee
Published: April 2012

Nucleoside phosphonate analogue (VIII) and its SATE prodrug (X) display significant antiviral activity against HIV in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Bimorpholine (VI) and Its Carbanucleoside (VII).
Authors: Ausmees Kerti , Selyutina Anastasia , Kuett Kristel , Lippur Kristin , Pehk Tonis , Lopp Margus , Zusinaite Eva , Merits Andres , Kanger Tonis
Published: April 2012

Novel carbanucleoside (VII) displays high cytotoxicity, whilst the parent bimorpholine (VI) is only moderately cytotoxic.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4α/4β‐Imidazolyl Podophyllotoxin Analogues as Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Shang Hai , Chen Hong , Zhao Dongmei , Tang Xiaowei , Liu Yongfeng , Pan Li , Cheng Maosheng
Published: April 2012

A series of novel imidazolyl‐podophyllotoxin analogues is designed, synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity against a panel of three human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Configuration of Pterocidin, a Potent Inhibitor of Tumor Cell Invasion from a Marine‐Derived Streptomyces.
Authors: Igarashi Yasuhiro , Asano Daisuke , Furihata Kazuo , Oku Naoya , Miyanaga Satoshi , Sakurai Hiroaki , Saiki Ikuo
Published: April 2012

The absolute configuration of pterocidin (I) and its degradation product (II) is established on the basis of NMR‐analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Supported Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Stair Peter C.
Published: April 2012

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photonic Crystals Based on Opals and Inverse Opals: Synthesis and Structural Features
Authors: Klimonsky S. O. , Abramova V. V. , Sinitskii A. S. , Tretyakov Yu. D.
Published: April 2012

Review: 253 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Self‐Assembly in Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Burnett Brandon J. , Choe Wonyoung
Published: April 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Methods for the Synthesis of Flavanones, Chromanones, and Azaflavanones
Authors: Nibbs Antoinette E. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: April 2012

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Siloles. Part 2. Silaindenes (Benzosiloles) and Silafluorenes (Dibenzosiloles): Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Corey Joyce Y.
Published: April 2012

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development in Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media and Promoters
Authors: Wong Wing‐Leung , Wong Kwok‐Yin
Published: April 2012

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds by Combined Microwave‐Assisted Heterogeneous Catalytic Approaches
Authors: Dastan Arif , Kulkarni Aditya , Toeroek Bela
Published: April 2012

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Flow Reactors: A Perspective
Authors: Wiles Charlotte , Watts Paul
Published: April 2012

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Ionic Liquids as Supports of Catalysts
Authors: Hagiwara Hisahiro
Published: April 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Balaban—Nenitzescu—Praill Reaction
Authors: Balaban Alexandru T.
Published: April 2012

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Povarov Reaction
Authors: Zhang Ji
Published: April 2012

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sommelet—Hauser Rearrangement
Authors: Zografos Alexandros L.
Published: April 2012

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sandmeyer Isatin Synthesis
Authors: Young Ian S.
Published: April 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Buchwald—Hartwig Indole Synthesis
Authors: Goess Brian
Published: April 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Borsche—Drechsel Cyclization
Authors: Fultz Micheal W.
Published: April 2012

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trofimov Pyrrole Synthesis
Authors: Tanoury Gerald J.
Published: April 2012

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shi Epoxidation
Authors: Yang Bingwei Vera
Published: April 2012

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Blum Aziridine Synthesis
Authors: Richter Jeremy M.
Published: April 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Alcohols as Synthetic Enolate Equivalents: Isomerization and Tandem Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Ahlsten Nanna , Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Martin‐Matute Belen
Published: April 2012

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Supported Chiral Catalysts
Authors: Guo Hongchao , Ding Kuiling
Published: April 2012

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Photoinitiating Systems: Towards Innovative Tailor Made High Performance Combinations
Authors: Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevee Jacques
Published: April 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoisomerization in Different Classes of Azobenzene
Authors: Bandara H. M. Dhammika , Burdette Shawn C.
Published: April 2012

Review: 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Instanton Evaluation of the Kinetic Isotope Effects and of the Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constant
Authors: Vanicek Jiri
Published: April 2012

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Green Tea Polyphenol‐Based Proteasome Inhibitors — A Successful Collaboration with Tak‐Hang (Bill) Chan
Authors: Landis‐Piwowar Kristin , Bazzi Saeed , Dou Q. Ping
Published: April 2012

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reprogramming the Genetic Code: From Triplet to Quadruplet Codes
Authors: Wang Kaihang , Schmied Wolfgang H. , Chin Jason W.
Published: April 2012

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermophilic Proteins: Insight and Perspective from in silico Experiments
Authors: Sterpone Fabio , Melchionna Simone
Published: April 2012

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Switchable Supramolecular Nanoassemblies
Authors: Fenske Tassilo , Korth Hans‐Gert , Mohr Andreas , Schmuck Carsten
Published: April 2012

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation Energies in Computational Chemistry — A Case Study
Authors: Busch Michael , Ahlberg Elisabet , Panas Itai
Published: April 2012

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Chemistry Applied to Reactions in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Gross Axel , Schnur Sebastian
Published: April 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computation of Kinetic Isotope Effects for Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Gao Jia Li
Published: April 2012

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Applications of SPR in Early Diagnosis and Progression of Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Liu Lin , Xia Ning , Wang Jianxiu
Published: April 2012

Review: 66 refs.
Isolation and characterization of melanopsin photoreceptors of atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Sandbakken Mari , Ebbesson Lars , Stefansson Sigurd , Helvik Jon Vidar
Published: April 2012

Melanopsins constitute a recently described group of vertebrate opsin photoreceptors that are involved in nonvisual photoreception. Here we describe the identification of six melanopsin genes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a valuable teleost model for studying nonvisual photoreception and the basis of photoperiodism. The results show that genes belonging to two different groups, the mammalian‐like (Opn4m) and the Xenopus‐like (Opn4x) melanopsins have been duplicated in teleosts. In addition, two pairs of salmon duplicates were identified, presumably originating from the salmon lineage whole genome duplication event. The expression pattern of melanopsins was studied by in situ hybridization. The results show that Opn4m and Opn4x melanopsins are differentially expressed in the brain and retina, indicating a functional divergence. In the retina, Opn4m and Opn4x melanopsin are differentially expressed in ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cells. In the brain, Opn4m is expressed in the dorsal thalamus and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis of the hypothalamus, which is closely connected to and involved in the regulation of pituitary function. Opn4x melanopsins are expressed in the dopaminergic, hypophysiotrophic cell population of the suporaoptic/chiasmatic nucleus and in the serotonergic cell population of the left habenula. The results suggest that melanopsin photoreceptors can be involved in signaling of photoperiodic information through multiple pathways, involving both the retina and possibly as deep‐brain photoreceptors directly transmitting photoperiodic information to the hypothalamus–pituitary axis. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3727–3744, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective distribution of GABAA receptor subtypes in mouse spinal dorsal horn neurons and primary afferents
Authors: Paul Jolly , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Fritschy Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2012

In the spinal cord dorsal horn, presynaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in the terminals of nociceptors as well as postsynaptic receptors in spinal neurons regulate the transmission of nociceptive and somatosensory signals from the periphery. GABAARs are heterogeneous and distinguished functionally and pharmacologically by the type of α subunit variant they contain. This heterogeneity raises the possibility that GABAAR subtypes differentially regulate specific pain modalities. Here, we characterized the subcellular distribution of GABAAR subtypes in nociceptive circuits by using immunohistochemistry with subunit‐specific antibodies combined with markers of primary afferents and dorsal horn neurons. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis revealed a distinct, partially overlapping laminar distribution of α1–3 and α5 subunit immunoreactivity in laminae I–V. Likewise, a layer‐specific pattern was evident for their distribution among glutamatergic, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, and glycinergic neurons (detected in transgenic mice expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2–enhanced green fluorescent protein [vGluT2–eGFP], glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD]67–eGFP, and glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2)–eGFP, respectively). Finally, all four subunits could be detected within primary afferent terminals. C‐fibers predominantly contained either α2 or α3 subunit immunoreactivity; terminals from myelinated (Aβ/Aδ) fibers were colabeled in roughly equal proportion with each subunit. The presence of axoaxonic GABAergic synapses was determined by costaining with gephyrin and vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter to label GABAergic postsynaptic densities and terminals, respectively. Colocalization of the α2 or α3 subunit with these markers was observed in a subset of C‐fiber synapses. Furthermore, gephyrin mRNA and protein expression was detected in dorsal root ganglia. Collectively, these results show that differential GABAAR distribution in primary afferent terminals and dorsal horn neurons allows for multiple, circuit‐specific modes of regulation of nociceptive circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3895–3911, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Galanin gene expression and effects of its knock‐down on the development of the nervous system in larval zebrafish
Authors: Podlasz P. , Sallinen V. , Chen Y.‐C. , Kudo H. , Fedorowska N. , Panula P.
Published: April 2012

Despite the known importance of galanin in the nervous system of vertebrates, the galanin gene structure and expression and the consequences of galanin deficiency in developing zebrafish are unknown. We cloned the galanin gene and analyzed its expression by using in situ hybridization, PCR, and immunocytochemistry throughout the early development of zebrafish until the end of the first week of life. The single zebrafish galanin gene encoded for a single amidated galanin peptide and a galanin message‐associated peptide. Two forms resulting from alternative processing were identified. Galanin mRNA was maternally expressed and found in developing fish throughout early development. In situ hybridization showed the first positive neurons in three groups in the brain at 28 hours postfertilization. At 2 days postfertilization, three prosencephalic neuron groups were seen in the preoptic area and in rostral and caudal periventricular hypothalamus. In addition, two other groups of weakly stained neurons were visible, one in the midbrain and another in the hindbrain. Translation inhibition of galanin mRNA with morpholino oligonucleotides caused complete disappearance of galanin immunoreactivity in the brain until 7 dpf and did not induce known cascades of nonspecific pathways or morphological abnormalities. A minor disturbance of sensory ganglia was found. Galanin knockdown did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylases 1 and 2, choline acetyltransferase, histidine decarboxylase, or orexin mRNA. The results suggest that galanin does not regulate the development of these key markers of specific neurons, although galanin‐expressing fibers were in a close spatial proximity to several neurons of these neuronal populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3846–3862, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable RDF data compression with MapReduce
Authors: Urbani Jacopo , Maassen Jason , Drost Niels , Seinstra Frank , Bal Henri
Published: April 2012

The Semantic Web contains many billions of statements, which are released using the resource description framework (RDF) data model. To better handle these large amounts of data, high performance RDF applications must apply a compression technique. Unfortunately, because of the large input size, even this compression is challenging. In this paper, we propose a set of distributed MapReduce algorithms to efficiently compress and decompress a large amount of RDF data. Our approach uses a dictionary encoding technique that maintains the structure of the data. We highlight the problems of distributed data compression and describe the solutions that we propose. We have implemented a prototype using the Hadoop framework, and evaluate its performance. We show that our approach is able to efficiently compress a large amount of data and scales linearly on both input size and number of nodes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of DQ and ZQ Coherences for Sensitive Through‐Bond NMR Correlation Experiments in Biosolids under Ultra‐Fast MAS
Authors: Webber Amy L. , Pell Andrew J. , Barbet‐Massin Emeline , Knight Michael J. , Bertini Ivano , Felli Isabella C. , Pierattelli Roberta , Emsley Lyndon , Lesage Anne , Pintacuda Guido
Published: April 2012

A double‐zero quantum (DZQ)‐refocused INADEQUATE experiment is introduced for J‐based NMR correlations under ultra‐fast (60 kHz) magic angle spinning (MAS). The experiment records two spectra in the same dataset, a double quantum–single quantum (DQ‐SQ) and zero quantum–single quantum (ZQ‐SQ) spectrum, whereby the corresponding signals appear at different chemical shifts in ω1. Furthermore, the spin‐state selective excitation (S3E) J‐decoupling block is incorporated in place of the second refocusing echo of the INADEQUATE scheme, providing an additional gain in sensitivity and resolution. The two sub‐spectra acquired in this way can be treated separately by a shearing transformation, producing two diagonal‐free single quantum (SQ‐SQ)‐type spectra, which are subsequently recombined to give an additional sensitivity enhancement, thus offering an improvement greater than a factor of two as compared to the original refocused INADEQUATE experiment. The combined DZQ scheme retains transverse magnetization on the initially polarized (I) spin, which typically exhibits a longer transverse dephasing time (T2′) than its through‐bond neighbour (S). By doing so, less magnetization is lost during the refocusing periods in the sequence to give even further gains in sensitivity for the J correlations. The experiment is demonstrated for the correlation between the carbonyl (CO) and alpha (CA) carbons in a microcrystalline sample of fully protonated, [15N,13C]‐labelled CuII, ZnII superoxide dismutase, and its efficiency is discussed with respect to other J‐based schemes.
High‐Temperature Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells Using an Ether‐Containing Polybenzimidazole Membrane as Electrolyte
Authors: Li Jin , Li Xiaojin , Zhao Yun , Lu Wangting , Shao Zhigang , Yi Baolian
Published: April 2012

Herein, poly[2,2′‐(p‐oxydiphenylene)‐5,5′‐benzimidazole] (PBI) is synthesized from 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine and 4,4′‐oxybisbenzoic acid, and the membrane is prepared by solvent casting. The main characteristics of PBI are studied. In the preparation of the PBI/H3PO4 composite membrane, the absorbing temperature of H3PO4 is 120 °C, which leads to a membrane with a high content of H3PO4. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) are fabricated from PBI/H3PO4 membranes with the catalyst layer made of Pt/C, PBI, and polyvinylidene fluoride (230:12:7 w/w). The fabricated MEA is tested at 150 °C with dry hydrogen and oxygen gas at 0.2 MPa for both anode and cathode feeds. No degradation of voltage is seen during stability testing of the PBI/H3PO4 membrane at a constant current for 100 h. The maximum power density is 1.17 W cm−2, and the maximum current density is 6.0 A cm−2 with a Pt loading of 0.5 mg cm−2. The high performance of these membrane materials demonstrates that PBI can be regarded as an alternative membrane material for high‐temperature proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells.
Fast texture synthesis with cellular neural network‐based patch stitching
Authors: Ślot Krzysztof , Kornatowski Łukasz , Dȩbiec Piotr
Published: April 2012

The presented paper introduces a novel approach to patch‐based texture synthesis. The proposed method utilizes Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) for patch stitching, the most important operation of the synthesis procedure, expected to transform a patchwork made up of pieces of some small texture sample into a seamless, large texture. To fill in between‐patch gaps, spontaneous pattern formation capabilities of CNNs are used. By using autoregressive filtering framework, we show that CNNs can be designed to generate complex stochastic fields that approximate stochastic and near‐stochastic textures. The proposed texture‐synthesis procedure is the following. After creating a patchwork from randomly drawn pieces of a small target texture, we fix boundary CNN conditions to edge pixels of all patches subject to stitching and execute an appropriately derived texture‐approximating template. Finally, brightness of the resulting patterns is locally adjusted by executing a diffusion CNN template. As both processing steps involve pure CNN dynamics, the proposed patch‐stitching method can be extremely fast if implemented in existing hardware (at the order of milliseconds for synthesizing several megapixel images). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid method for profiling samples of illicit heroin
Authors: Zhang Jian‐xin , Chen Cun‐yi
Published: April 2012

The aim of this investigation was to profile samples of illicit heroin. It involved derivatization and gas chromatographic separation followed by a fully automated data analysis. Six major constituents (acetylcodeine, 6‐monoacetylmorphine, papaverine, noscapine, codeine, and morphine) were tested and analyzed. The square cosine function was used to evaluate correlation values. The method proved to be efficient and reliable providing information on links between illicit heroin samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cre knock‐in mouse line on the Sickle tail locus induces recombination in the notochord and intervertebral disks
Authors: Abe Koichiro , Araki Kimi , Tanigawa Maya , Semba Kei , Ando Takashi , Sato Masahiro , Sakai Daisuke , Hiyama Akihiko , Mochida Joji , Yamamura Ken‐Ichi
Published: April 2012

Sickle tail (Skt) was originally identified by gene trap mutagenesis in mice, and the trapped gene is highly expressed in the notochord, intervertebral discs (IVD), and mesonephros. Here, we report the generation of Sktcre mice expressing Cre recombinase in the IVD due to target insertion of the cre gene into the Skt locus by recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange. Crossing a conditional lacZ Reporter (R26R), Cre expression from the Sktcre allele specifically activates β‐galactosidase expression in the whole notochord from E9.5 onwards. In E15.5 Sktcre;R26R embryos, reporter activity was detected in the nucleus pulposus and in a portion of the annulus fibrosus, resulting in expansion of Cre‐expressing cells in the adult IVD. Reporter activity was also seen in the Sktcre;R26R mesonephros at E15.5. These results suggest that Sktcre mice are useful for exploring the fate specification of notochordal cells and creating models for IVD‐related skeletal diseases. genesis 50:758–765, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the seasonal dynamics of inundation, turbidity, and aquatic vegetation in the Australian wet–dry tropics using optical remote sensing
Authors: Ward D. P. , Hamilton S. K. , Jardine T. D. , Pettit N. E. , Tews E. K. , Olley J. M. , Bunn S. E.
Published: April 2012

Floodplain wetlands in the wet–dry tropics are under increasing pressure from water resource development, and there is a need for methods to assess the biophysical dynamics of these extensive and often remote ecosystems. This study assessed the capacity of optical remote sensing methods to monitor the seasonal dynamics of inundation, turbidity, and aquatic vegetation cover for a northern Australian savanna catchment. MODIS data were used to map seasonal flood inundation patterns, and Landsat 5 TM data were used to map dry‐season waterbody dynamics. A network of water‐depth loggers and temperature sensors provided ground observations of surface inundation dynamics, and was used to validate the inundation mapping. Post‐flood waterbody surface area declined by 89% over the dry season, with 70% of the decline occurring for Palustrine (floodplain) waterbodies. All aquatic systems became increasingly disconnected as the dry season progressed. Statistical relationships were developed between seasonal measurements of turbidity, aquatic vegetation cover, and Landsat spectral data. Catchment wide predictions showed that turbidity increased and macrophyte cover decreased for the Palustrine and Lacustrine (lake) systems, while the Riverine systems became less turbid over the dry season. These results show that, for open savanna landscapes where cloud cover does not limit waterbody detection, optical remote sensing methods can be effectively applied to assess seasonal patterns of inundation and accompanying biophysical dynamics. This provides an effective tool to evaluate the impact of river flow regime changes from water resource use or climate change in these regions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Morphology Tuning of Calcium Carbonate in Ethanolic Solution (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 13/2012)
Authors: Fernandes Mariana , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , de Zea Bermudez Verónica
Published: April 2012

The cover picture shows that the morphology of CaCO3 may be finely tailored through its precipitation in ethanol by using calcium chloride, ammonium carbonate and an ionic liquid (IL). Calcite nanocorn‐like objects were produced with a chloride‐based IL, whereas calcite and fluorite nanostructured calla‐lily‐like and ice‐cream‐ball‐like micro‐objects were obtained with a tetrafluoroborate‐based IL. Details are discussed in the article by V. de Zea Bermudez et al. on p. 2183 ff.

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Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles through Cyclization and Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Copin Chloé , Henry Nicolas , Buron Frédéric , Routier Sylvain
Published: April 2012

Highly substituted imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized through successive cyclization and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. The palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction was optimized and a wide range of boronic acids was used to evaluate the scope and limitations of the methodology. The final compounds were obtained in fair to very good yields and high compatibility with various chemical functions or (hetero)cycles was observed.
In Situ Dearomatisation/Alkylation of Arylphosphane Derivatives (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 13/2012)
Authors: Stankevič Marek , Wójcik Karolina , Jaklińska Magdalena , Pietrusiewicz K. Michał
Published: April 2012

The cover picture shows the in situ dearomatisation/alkylation of the aryl substituent in aryldialkylphosphane–borane by a solution of alkali metal in liquid ammonia and alkyl halide. This leads to the formation of α‐substituted (1,4‐cyclohexadien‐3‐yl)phosphane–borane where the “unreactive” phenyl substituent is replaced by a cyclohexadienyl fragment possessing a functionality in the α‐position. This reaction sequence can be regarded as a versatile tool in the “activation” of the aryl substituent in organophosphorus compounds both through aromaticity breaking and introduction of new functionalities at the quaternary α‐carbon atom. Details are discussed in the article by M. Stankevič et al. on p. 2521 ff. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Katarzyna Jaklińska for her efforts during the preparation of the cover picture.

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Harnessing glycomics technologies: Integrating structure with function for glycan characterization
Authors: Robinson Luke N. , Artpradit Charlermchai , Raman Rahul , Shriver Zachary H. , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Sasisekharan Ram
Published: April 2012

Glycans, or complex carbohydrates, are a ubiquitous class of biological molecule which impinge on a variety of physiological processes ranging from signal transduction to tissue development and microbial pathogenesis. In comparison to DNA and proteins, glycans present unique challenges to the study of their structure and function owing to their complex and heterogeneous structures and the dominant role played by multivalency in their sequence‐specific biological interactions. Arising from these challenges, there is a need to integrate information from multiple complementary methods to decode structure–function relationships. Focusing on acidic glycans, we describe here key glycomics technologies for characterizing their structural attributes, including linkage, modifications, and topology, as well as for elucidating their role in biological processes. Two cases studies, one involving sialylated branched glycans and the other sulfated glycosaminoglycans, are used to highlight how integration of orthogonal information from diverse datasets enables rapid convergence of glycan characterization for development of robust structure–function relationships.
Capillary zone electrophoresis‐based cytotoxicity analysis of Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Zhang Lu , Qu Feng , Hu Meiling , Ding Jinmei , Lou Beilei
Published: April 2012

A capillary zone electrophoresis‐based method to evaluate the cytotoxicity of substances to Caco‐2 cells was established. The estimation of the injected cell number (500–5000) and the minor effect of injection condition on cytotoxicity determination were investigated. Caco‐2 cells the best model of the intestinal absorptive epithelium, were treated with substances and then stained with Trypan Blue and fixed with paraformaldehyde. The treated Caco‐2 cells were detected simultaneously at 590 nm and 214 nm, and the absorbance ratio of the two wavelengths (R590/214) can reflect simultaneously the loss of cell membrane integrity and the degradation/leak of intracellular components and indicate the cytotoxicity of substances. The cytotoxicity of the four substances sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), methyl mercury (MeHg), paclitaxel (PTX), and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were determined and compared. There was no obvious cytotoxicity caused by 20 μM Na2SO3 for 24 h treatment, and the toxicity of the other three toxicants was sequenced as: CdCl2 > MeHg> PTX. The results are in good agreement with the references and the conventional Trypan Blue exclusion counting assay.
Assessment of aptamer‐steroid binding using stacking‐enhanced capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Langan Ted J. , Nyakubaya Vincent T. , Casto Laura D. , Dolan Tiffany D. , Archer‐Hartmann Stephanie A. , Yedlapalli Sri Lakshmi , Sooter Letha J. , Holland Lisa A.
Published: April 2012

The binding affinity of 17β‐estradiol with an immobilized DNA aptamer was measured using capillary electrophoresis. Estradiol captured by the immobilized DNA was injected into the separation capillary using pH‐mediated sample stacking. Stacked 17β‐estradiol was then separated using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and detected with UV‐visible absorbance. Standard addition was used to quantify the concentration of estradiol bound to the aptamer. Following incubation with immobilized DNA, analysis of free and bound estradiol yielded a dissociation constant of 70 ± 10 μM. The method was also used to screen binding affinity of the aptamer for estrone and testosterone. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of capillary electrophoresis to assess the binding affinity of DNA aptamers.
Ion concentration polarization near microchannel–nanochannel interfaces: Effect of pH value
Authors: Chang Chih‐Chang , Yeh Cheng‐Peng , Yang Ruey‐Jen
Published: April 2012

This study investigates the effect of the pH value on the ion concentration polarization phenomenon and the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics of a hybrid soda‐lime glass micro/nanochannel for a constant KCl salt concentration of about 1 mM. The experimental results show that the electrical conductance of the nanochannel in the Ohmic regime and the critical threshold voltage of the limiting current are both dependent on the pH value of the salt solution when the electrical double layer thickness is considerable in the nanochannel. Specifically, the nanochannel conductance increases and the critical threshold voltage for the limiting current decreases as the pH value is increased. It also suggests that a higher pH value induces a higher surface charge density on the nanochannel walls, and therefore increases both the ionic conductance and the counter‐ion flux within the nanochannel.
Study of ashes from a medical waste incinerator in China: Physical and chemical characteristics on fly ash, ash deposits and bottom ash
Authors: Ni Mingjiang , Du Yingzhe , Lu Shengyong , Peng Zheng , Li Xiaodong , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa
Published: April 2012

In this study, the composition and physicochemical properties of fly ash, air preheater deposits, and bottom ash from a typical medical waste incinerator (MWI) were analyzed. The MWI unit studied consists of a rotary pyrolyser, followed by a vertical cylindrical combustor, featuring an extractor grate above which granular material is fluidized. Fly ash consisted mainly of Ca, Al, Si, Mg, Na, O, C, Cl, and S; the chlorine content in fly ash from this MWI was higher than that in the fly ash generated by a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). Bottom ash consisted mainly of CaCO3, SiO2, and Ca(OH)2, and the major components measured in fly ash and in air preheater ash deposits were CaCO3, CaSO4, NaCl, KCl, SiO2, and Ca2Al2SiO7. The carbon content of fly ash was positively correlated with the specific surface area. The porous structure is much more pronounced in fly ash and deposits than in bottom ash. Ash deposits showed low pH‐values, fly ash and especially bottom ash were found to be basic. High contents of chloride and Ca in the fly ash lowered the ash melting point when compared with that in the fly ash generated by the MSWI. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 496–504, 2013
Tissue penetration of bipolar electrosurgical currents: Joule overheating beyond the surface layer
Authors: Habermann Walter , Müller Wolfram
Published: April 2012

Background

There is extensive evidence that electrosurgical current application increases hemorrhage when compared with “cold” dissection and hemostasis. The way that the “hot” technique is used may influence the outcome decisively.

Methods

Temperature‐time functions were measured in distances of 3 to 12 mm underneath the surface at which bipolar electrosurgical current was applied. Measurements were made in human cadaver, excised pig tissues, and pig animal models.

Results

Bipolar current causes Joule heating in distances of several millimeters. A single maximum power pulse of 1 second increased the temperature in the muscle in 3 and 6 mm distance to 90° and 65°C, respectively; similar accumulated thermal effects were detected for a series of low‐ and medium‐power pulses, too.

Conclusion

Joule heating is primarily responsible for unintended thermal damages. Severe damages can easily occur even in several millimeters distance from the forceps tips. Utmost caution is also advised at low power setting when current is applied repetitively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Verbal communication for the ventilator‐dependent patient requiring an inflated tracheotomy tube cuff: A prospective, multicenter study on the Blom tracheotomy tube with speech inner cannula
Authors: Leder Steven B. , Pauloski Barbara R. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Grammer Tracy , Dikeman Karen , Kazandjian Marta , Mendes Joseph , Logemann Jeri A.
Published: April 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to present our findings on the impact of the Blom tracheotomy tube with speech inner cannula on voice production abilities and speech intelligibility scores of ventilator‐dependent patients requiring a fully inflated tracheotomy tube cuff.

Methods

Prospective single group case‐series design permitted consecutive accrual of 23 adult inpatients from acute care and rehabilitation settings. Maximum ambient room noise, voice intensity, phonation duration of vowel /a/, and speech intelligibility scores were determined over 3 sessions.

Results

All participants achieved audible voicing with the Blom tracheotomy tube. Voice intensity was significantly greater than ambient room noise by >10 dB SPL (p = .003). Speech intelligibility scores improved significantly from 80% to 85% (p = .03). Phonation duration averaged from 3.30 to 3.45 seconds. There were no significant changes in oxygen saturation (p > .05), and no significant complications occurred.

Conclusion

The Blom tracheotomy tube with speech inner cannula permitted individuals requiring mechanical ventilation with a fully inflated tracheotomy tube cuff to produce excellent speech intelligibility for verbal communication. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Therapeutic play within infant–parent psychotherapy and the treatment of infant feeding disorders
Authors: Jordan Brigid
Published: April 2012

This clinical article presents an infant mental health approach to the treatment of feeding disorders in infants and toddlers that involves the infant–parent psychotherapist directly working with the infant's representations within infant–parent psychotherapy sessions. The treatment is informed by an assessment of the infant's emotional development, subjective experience, and the dynamics of the infant–parent relationship. This model involves therapeutically using play and words with infants and draws upon concepts from D.W. Winnicott and attachment theory as well as principles from the psychodynamic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in infants. The model was developed from clinical work over 2 decades in a tertiary pediatric hospital with infants who presented with feeding disorders ranging from breast or bottle refusal, refusal to wean onto solids, feeding aversion, tube dependency, and failure to thrive.
The consultation relationship—From transactional to transformative: Hypothesizing about the nature of change
Authors: Johnston Kadija , Brinamen Charles F.
Published: April 2012

Increasing numbers of young children with significant social and emotional difficulties are being identified in childcare settings. Early Childhood Mental Health (ECMH) Consultation has been identified as a promising practice in stemming the tide of this troublesome trajectory. While ECMH Consultation is credited with promoting children's positive development, diminishing difficult behaviors, and reducing expulsion rates, the mechanisms of this transformative process are only beginning to be investigated. Recent research cites the salience of the relationship between a consultant and consultee as the central contributor to positive change in childcare‐center climate and child outcomes. This article delineates characteristics of a beneficial consultative relationship and postulates the clinical process by which change in childcare providers' behavior occurs as a result of having experienced such a relationship. Paralleling the traits of contingent caregiving, the consultative stance, a posture of mutuality, reciprocity, and positive regard creates an intersubjective space for reflection, repair, and, when necessary, adaptation. Based on perceptual shifts or expansions, the providers' attitude and approach toward children in their care is amended, in turn promoting positive change in the child and classroom atmosphere.
A multilevel analysis of consultant attributes that contribute to effective mental health consultation services
Authors: Allen Mary Dallas , Green Beth L.
Published: April 2012

A positive relationship between the mental health consultant (MHC) and early care and education staff is considered important for achieving positive early childhood mental health consultation outcomes, but little is known about the attributes of MHCs that contribute to relationships with staff and to staff‐reported child outcomes. This study was a secondary analysis of 57 MHCs and 407 Head Start staff who responded to the Head Start Mental Health Services Survey. Hierarchical linear models examined the relationship between five attributes of MHCs and staff reports of improved child outcomes and a positive relationship with the MHC. The results suggest that MHC reports of positive relationships with staff, positive relationships with families, and high levels of supervision and support are positively associated with staff reports of positive relationships with the MHC (p < .05). None of the MHC‐reported attributes were associated with staff‐reported child outcomes.
Improved classroom quality and child behavior in an Arkansas early childhood mental health consultation pilot project
Authors: Conners‐Burrow Nicola A. , Whiteside‐Mansell Leanne , Mckelvey Lorraine , Virmani Elita Amini , Sockwell Latunja
Published: April 2012

The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) on teacher‐level and child‐level outcomes in the context of a partnership between community mental health centers in three regions of Arkansas and publically funded early education programs (14 intervention sites and 4 comparison sites). From 2005 to 2008, 193 teachers participated in the study, along with 1,448 children. Data‐collection activities included structured classroom observations, teacher ratings of children's strengths and behavior, and teacher surveys to assess satisfaction with ECMHC services. Results suggest that teachers were highly satisfied with the consultation services and that teachers receiving the intervention had lower levels of permissiveness and detachment, with a trend toward higher levels of sensitivity in interactions with children in their classroom. In terms of child outcomes, we found that by the third year of the project, children at intervention sites were rated by their teachers as having fewer behavior problems and more protective factors.
Implementing a statewide early childhood mental health consultation approach to preventing childcare expulsion
Authors: Carlson John S. , Mackrain Mary A. , van Egeren Laurie A. , Brophy‐Herb Holly , Kirk Rosalind H. , Marciniak Deb , Falvay Sheri , Zheng Yan , Bender Stacy L. , Tableman Betty
Published: April 2012

State‐ and local‐level mental health administrators and practitioners can work collaboratively to provide effective early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) services that address the growing need in communities to promote healthy socioemotional functioning in infants and young children and prevent longer term mental health challenges. This article describes one state's model of ECMHC, the Child Care Expulsion Prevention Program (CCEP), as well as preliminary evaluation findings on consultants' fidelity to the developed approach to service within 31 counties in Michigan. The CCEP approach is flexible, yet adheres to six cornerstones which are essential to effectively and consistently carrying out services across local projects, including the provision of relationship‐based programmatic and child/family‐centered consultation, hiring and supporting high‐quality consultants through professional development and reflective supervision, ongoing provision of state‐level technical assistance, use of evidence‐based practices, and collaboration with other early childhood service providers. In addition to the overview of CCEP's approach and effectiveness, lessons learned are provided to guide those engaged in policy development, practice, and applied research pertaining to ECMHC.

Abstracts translated in Spanish, French, German, and Japanese can be found on the abstract page of each article on Wiley Online Library at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imhj.
Assessing fidelity for early childhood mental health consultation: Lessons from the field and next steps
Authors: Kaufmann Roxane K. , Perry Deborah F. , Hepburn Kathy , Duran Frances
Published: April 2012

Early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) has become a common approach to delivering mental health services and supports for young children, their families, and the early care and education community. While many states and communities are implementing some form of ECMHC, the evidence base is still developing. One obstacle to building a rigorous evidence base has been a lack of focus on fidelity measurement, and one barrier to fidelity assessment has been a lack of a common framework for the essential components of effective ECMHC. This article briefly summarizes the development of a conceptual model for effective ECMHC based on a qualitative study of six ECMHC programs with positive outcomes (F. Duran et al., 2009). The common components and processes derived from those six programs are then used to articulate an approach for operationalizing fidelity. Specific examples of strategies used to support fidelity by three of the six programs are highlighted. We close with a discussion of the implications of these approaches and suggestions for next steps in defining a consensus‐based model for measuring fidelity to ECMHC services.

Abstracts translated in Spanish, French, German, and Japanese can be found on the abstract page of each article on Wiley Online Library at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/imhj.
Using labor market information in program development and evaluation
Authors: Lebesch Anna M.
Published: April 2012

In addition to describing various sources of labor market data, this chapter examines how community college administrators and faculty use labor market information in the development and evaluation of career and technical education (CTE) degrees and certificate programs.
Data drives success: Defining a metric for developmental studies
Authors: Polk‐Conley Anita , Squires John
Published: April 2012

This chapter discusses indices and other measures to gauge student success in developmental education programs.
Surveys and benchmarks
Authors: Bers Trudy
Published: April 2012

This chapter examines surveys and benchmarks used by community colleges to track student success, engagement, and satisfaction as well as to monitor institutional effectiveness and to identify areas for improvement.
Using data to optimize community college marketing
Authors: Clagett Craig A.
Published: April 2012

Marketing is an essential component of an effective enrollment management plan. The broad mission of a comprehensive community college requires multiple, targeted communications campaigns. Institutional research can contribute to marketing success at all phases of decision making.
Improving consumer information for higher education planning
Authors: Herndon M. Craig
Published: April 2012

This chapter examines the development and implementation of a one‐stop career and college planning tool that leverages existing data sets with newly created data to facilitate good decisions by consumers of higher education on career choice, major and college choice, and finance options. Early indicators point to improved access to information that supports decision making.