bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of SWAT and WEAP Models for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Two Rivers Dam Catchment, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Kiamba Dennis Mailu , Kipkorir Emmanuel Chessum , Kosgei Job Rotich , Njoroge Simon Mburu , Nyandwaro Gilbert Nyageikaro
Published: July 2023

Kaptagat Forest, the main source of the Ellegerini River, which feeds the Ellegerini Dam and Two Rivers Dam, is under threat of extinction due to human activity. The Two Rivers Dam catchment that has over the years been a source of water in Uasin Gishu County is slowly depleting and urgent measures are required to restore it. Activities including commercial logging, charcoal burning and firewood harvesting have exerted a lot of pressure on the catchment, posing a great threat to the livelihoods of the people of Eldoret town who depend on the reservoirs for water supply. The main objective of this study was to customise SWAT and WEAP models for the sustainable management of water resources in the Two Rivers Dam catchment. The specific objectives were to set up and apply the SWAT model to generate simulated river flows draining to the Two Rivers and Ellegerini Reservoirs as an input to the WEAP model to determine the impact of land use change on the hydrological function of the Two Rivers Dam catchment, to set up, calibrate and validate a WEAP model for the Two Rivers Dam catchment and to apply the WEAP model in analyses of various management and infrastructural development projects scenarios to enhance river flow and water storage in the Two Rivers and Ellegerini Reservoirs. The goodness of fit SWAT model statistical evaluation indices attained during the calibration period was R2 = 0.854, NSE = 0.822 and Bias = 0.392. Additionally, for the validation period, the R2 = 0.786, NSE = 0.815 and Bias = 0.381. The modelled results indicate that the land use change resulted in decreased baseflow and increased surface runoff hence the high fluctuations of water levels in the Two Rivers and Ellegerini reservoirs. The WEAP model results for actual and simulated water demand in the calibration period of 2019, the R2 = 0.88, while during the validation period in the year 2020, the R2 = 0.85. The results of the model simulation indicated that the management option that had the most impact on all the scenarios was the reduction of unaccounted-for water, while the one with the least impact was increased water use efficiency. It was concluded that the models were able to simulate the observed conditions reasonably well and can therefore be used to effectively manage water resources and assist the relevant stakeholders in decision-making. The study recommended that forested areas need to be properly conserved in order to restore the hydrological function of the catchment.
A Multilevel Decomposition of Time Variation in the Risks of Infant Mortality in Rural Uganda: UDHS 1995–2016
Authors: Odur Benard , Nansubuga Elizabeth , Wamala Robert , Atuhaire Leonard
Published: August 2023

The study assessed the contribution of maternal, child, paternal, household, proximate, and community-level factors to infant mortality risk time variation in rural Uganda between 1995 and 2016. Five rounds of Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data sets were used, and a multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was applied to decompose the contribution of different factors to time variation in the risks of infant mortality. All live births that were made five years before the surveys of 1995, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 were considered, with infants who did not survive beyond one year treated as the outcome variable analysis, excluding those who were born less than 12 months before the survey. The fixed part of the model helped us detect the significant variables in determining infant mortality, and yet the random part of the model helped us quantify the amount of time variation in the risks of infant mortality explained by the selected variables. The child-level determinants of infant mortality were sex, birth order, and weight. Among the maternal factors, the study revealed that marital status, access to ANC, use of contraceptives, maternal education level, and preceding birth interval were consistent deterrents of infant mortality, while household size, sanitation, and wealth index remained critical. While controlling for other factors in the rural areas, time variation in the risks of infant mortality was dependent on community factors (such as region, community hygiene, and prenatal care utilization rate), proximate factors (such as access to prenatal care, contraceptives use, place of delivery, and the number of ANC visits), maternal factors (such as marital status, educational level, age, parity, preceding birth interval, desire for pregnancy, and breastfeeding), and endowment. It was observed that the changes in the risks of infant mortality over the period were explained by community (30.7%), proximate (22.7%), maternal (41.0%), and endowment (37.9%). Child-level factors explained 28.2%, and paternal-level education level explained only 30.1%. Remarkably, household-level factors captured 32.3% of the changes in infant mortality. A higher proportion of the explained variation in the risk of infant mortality across communities (PCV) was captured by child, paternal, maternal endowment, and household factors. Interventions to accelerate the reduction in infant mortality should target birth spacing to at least two years, girl child education to at least o level, joint household decision-making in having children, avoiding teenage pregnancies, postnatal care utilization, enforcing at least four ANC visits during pregnancy, improving household sanitation, and increasing access to safe water at household-levels
Dental Care Services in Children: Pattern and Factors for Delay in Seeking Care among Tanzanian Paediatric Dental Patients
Authors: Mbawalla Hawa Shariff , Abubakary Shadia Majid , Kahabuka Febronia Kokulengya
Published: August 2023

Seeking dental care services by responding to pain or potentially painful outcomes of advanced oral lesions impedes quality dental care for children. This study assessed patterns and factors associated to delay in seeking dental care among Tanzanian paediatric dental patients. It involved 312 child dental patient-escort pairs attending a university paediatric dental clinic in Tanzania. Structured questionnaires and clinical examination forms were used for collecting data. Frequency distributions, cross-tabulations and binary logistic regression were conducted to summarise the variables, test for the presence and magnitude of associations between delay in seeking care and socio-demographics plus dental services-related factors, respectively. Over two-thirds (68.6%) of the participants were delayed in seeking dental care; 45.2% were brought more than a month since the parents were informed or noted the child’s oral dental complaint. Delayed children were more likely to have had previous dental visits (OR =1.8 95% CI 1.1, 3.0) while less likely to require physically stabilised during the dental procedure (OR=0.5 95% CI 0.3, 1.0). In conclusion, the pattern and factors associated with delay in seeking care among Tanzanian paediatric dental patients were such that; most of the patients attended late, and dental-related factors explained the delay rather than the sociodemographic factors. Previous unsatisfactory dental experiences could explain the observation made. Ensuring quality of dental services provided, such as improving dental treatment outcomes and providing comprehensive dental care with enhanced preventive dental services
Mengungkap Makna Akuntansi Pada UMKM di Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Kharisma Nugraha Putra  , Verra Rizki Amelia  , Dhina Sri Widyaningsih  , Theresia Mentari  , Alexandro Rinto
Published: July 2023

The use of accounting information or the availability of financial reports used by SMEs in making business decisions is an important factor supporting business success. This study aims to gain an understanding of the meaning of accounting and accounting phenomena in SMEs in Palangka Raya City. The research subjects used in this study were Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Palangka Raya City with the provision that SMEs are partners of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Treasury in Central Kalimantan, SMEs have been running for more than two years, and SMEs have an understanding of research phenomenon. The results of the study show that accounting is interpreted as 1) information, 2) accountability, and 3) a means of communication. The accounting phenomenon that exists in SMEs in Palangka Raya City as a whole has implemented accounting practices in their business activities, although financial records carried out by SMEs actors tend to be simple, this has an impact on ongoing accounting practices that are still not under the accounting cycle perfectly.
Editorial Note - Vol. 14, No. 2, 2020
Authors: Lemnitzer Anne
Published: August 2023

We are extremely grateful to DFI, the editorial staff, and the authors for their steadfast support of the Journal in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The task of preparing, organizing, and publishing the Journal is substantial under normal circumstances. Despite the unusual challenges of this year, our team has been able to publish both 2020 issues with excellent content provided by the geo-industry. It is our pleasure to introduce the five papers presented herein.
Re-Industrialisierung Europas muss Priorität haben
Authors: Helterlin Olivier
Published: August 2023

Vor dem Hintergrund der geopolitischen Instabilität und der Klimakrise bemühen sich internationale Institutionen um die Entwicklung der Energieautonomie Europas – ein Ziel, das nur mithilfe der Re-Industrialisierung erreicht werden kann.
Nachhaltigkeit von Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen mit und ohne Wärmerückgewinnung aus ökologischer Sicht
Authors: Kaup Christoph
Published: August 2023

Die Lüftung in Schulen und vergleichbaren Gebäuden spielte in der Pandemie eine große Rolle. Dieser Fachartikel zeigt welchen Einfluss der Einsatz von Wärmerückgewinnungs-Systemen unter anderem auf die Nachhaltigkeit von RLT-Anlagen hat. Verglichen werden der Einfluss der Fensterlüftung und weitere Arten der mechanischen Belüftung anhand interessanter Berechnungsbeispiele aus der Praxis. Das Ergebnis ist nicht nur im Hinblick auf die Versorgungssicherheit wegweisend.
Kampfmittel im Bauvertrag
Authors: Voppel Reinhard
Published: August 2023

In Deutschland gibt es viele Bereiche, die im Zweiten Weltkrieg Schauplatz mehr oder weniger intensiver Kampfhandlungen waren. Dort verbliebene Kampfmittel, insbesondere Blindgänger, sind noch bei weitem nicht vollständig erfasst, geschweige denn geräumt.
Documentación de las intervenciones de conservación-restauración del patrimonio arquitectónico: perspectiva histórica, situación actual y tendencias de futuro
Authors: Korro Jaione , Zornoza-Indart Ainara , Valle-Melón José Manuel
Published: August 2023

La documentación de las intervenciones de conservación-restauración del patrimonio engloba los procesos metodológicos y los registros generados antes, durante y después de las mismas, influyendo en la preservación del patrimonio. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el contenido de las recomendaciones y normativas que enmarcan estos procesos, estudiando su evolución hasta la situación actual, tanto en el ámbito internacional como nacional.  Para ello se analiza la doctrina internacional, la Ley del Patrimonio Histórico Español, las leyes autonómicas y el anteproyecto de reforma de la LPHE. Los resultados muestran que, en la doctrina internacional, las normativas amplían y complementan las anteriores. En el caso de España, cada comunidad autónoma dispone de leyes territoriales que determinan los procesos de intervención que han de disponer de documentación, aunque con diferencias entre ellas. Finalmente, las actualizaciones normativas recientes presentan la tendencia a incluir la documentación de la conservación-restauración, y a incorporar programas preventivos, como un requerimiento dentro del proyecto de intervención.
New one-pot synthesis of 4-arylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ones based on 5-aminopyrazoles and azlactones
Authors: Shuvalov Vladislav Yu , Vlasova Ekaterina Yu , Zheleznova Tatyana Yu , Fisyuk Alexander S
Published: August 2023

An effective one-pot strategy was developed for the synthesis of 4-arylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ones from pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ones, obtained by reacting 5-aminopyrazoles with 4-arylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones (azlactones) under solvent-free conditions, through subsequent elimination of a benzamide molecule in a superbasic medium (t-BuOK/DMSO). The fluorescent properties of the synthesized compounds were studied. 4-Arylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ones luminesce in the region of 409–440 nm with a quantum yield of 0.09–0.23 when irradiated with UV light.
THE DIALECTIC STRENGTH IN SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF URBAN COMMUNITY FOR PREVENTING STUNTING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Soraida Safira , Yosi Arianti  , Gita Isyanawulan  , Diana Dewi Sartika
Published: July 2023

In Palembang, Indonesia, toddlers who suffer from stunting, a condition marked by a failure to develop, are the subject of this study. This study analyses and assesses the function of urban social construction in avoiding infant stunting during the first 1,000 days of life using a qualitative approach and Berger and Luckmann's theory of social construction. According to the study's findings, this social construction is influenced by socioeconomic elements like education, the surrounding community, and cleanliness, as well as the reality of pregnancy, delivery, and raising children. This study stresses the importance of dialectics in this social construction by demonstrating how clashes and interactions between social systems and people have an impact on efforts to prevent stunting. This work is groundbreaking because it recognises dialectics as a fundamental component of social construction that affects stunting prevalence and prevention. The dialectic offers fresh perspectives for preventing stunting in urban areas like Palembang and highlights the social factors that affect preventative efforts.

Keywords: Social Construction; Urban Community; Stunting Prevention; Dialectic Strength
China is the world leader in marine fisheries and aquaculture
Authors: Zilanov Vyacheslav
Published: August 2023

In the article, based on FAO data and guided by personal experience in the Joint Commission established in accordance with Article 9 "Agreement between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Government of the People's Republic of China on cooperation in the field of fisheries", signed on October 4, 1988. The Agreement is the main basic legal instrument that allows solving all issues, both current and prospective, on the development of relations between Russia and China in the field of fisheries, considering them at the annual sessions of the Joint Commission.

The existing legal basis for cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China allows, with mutual desire, to significantly increase its potential in a variety of areas in the field of fisheries and related areas.
Changes in the linear characteristics of ropes during their long-term storage in various conditions
Authors: Mizyurkin Michael , Savchenko Andrey , Shabelsky Dmitriy , Vakker Nikita , Volotov Victor , Averkov Vitaliy
Published: August 2023

The analysis of changes in the linear characteristics of ropes made of polyamide, polypropylene and polyethylene, which were divided into three groups, was carried out. Each group included the above ropes. With these groups, storage technology was simulated for two years under various conditions after exposure to a single load, approximately equal to half of the breaking load of each type of rope.
Modeling of a lateral etching system for catching surface accumulations of hydrobionts
Authors: Boytsov Anatoly , Osipov Evgeny
Published: August 2023

Modeling of a trawl system for lateral trawling of surface accumulations of aquatic organisms (Ivasi sardine, mackerel) designed for medium-tonnage and small-tonnage vessels is presented. Such a system eliminates the influence of the wake of the vessel and does not break the school, which often does not converge and significantly reduces catches. The technique makes it possible to calculate the lengths of the warps for the symmetry of the trawl and to determine the distance between the vessel and the school.
LA POESÍA PRIMERA DE JUAN RAMÓN JIMÉNEZ (1896-1900)
Authors: A. Cardwell Richard
Published: August 2023

Los poemas tempranos de Jiménez (c.1896-1900) difieren significativamente de las composiciones que siguen a partir de 1902 ya que cultivó un estilo que apenas habían aparecido en las letras españolas; la Decadencia. Fue un estilo al que nunca volvió y, así, nos interesa como contrapeso a los estudios de sus principales obras después. Ninfeas, Almas de violeta, el inédito Besos de oro y otros poemas manuscritos todos manifiestan los elementos principales de la Decadencia europea (mayormente francesa). Quedan, no obstante, elementos del romanticismo negativo en la expresión de dudas personales y metafísicas, todas que se empotran en un marco que es Decadente. La “agonía” romántica se denomina en términos decadentes como un placer perverso y una belleza corrompida. Los poemas manuscritos, especialmente, exploran la relación entre el poeta y una amada anónima (con ojos verdes) en un jardín otoñal o al crepúsculo o por la luz lunar, motivos decadentistas céntricos. El humor evocado describe una impresión de impuissance, auto-contemplación, anhelos imposibles, el cultivo de deseos frustrados, todos motivos decadentistas importantes. Otros poemas empotran el escenario en lugares exóticos y figuras femeninas exóticas con un artificio correspondiente y una corrupción sugerida.
DECADENTISMO-SIMBOLISMO EN LAS POSTERGADAS SOLEDADES (1903) DE ANTONIO MACHADO
Authors: Fuentes Víctor
Published: August 2023

El artículo expone un nuevo acercamiento al primer poemario de Antonio Machado. Tras precisar las razones de la postergación de Soledades (1903) por parte de la crítica, se interpreta el poemario como parte del decadentismo-simbolismo, con base en los supuestos de Gilbert Durand, quien definiera al decadentismo como el mito dominante de la segundad mitad del siglo XIX, y de la prestigiosa Anna Balenkian que estudiara que en la última década del siglo XIX, los términos de decadentismo y simbolismo estaban unidos, y que el movimiento decadentista-simbolista era internacionalista y cosmopolita. La interpretación se extiende considerando a Soledades en función de los tres elementos centrales que la distinguida crítica señala en el decadentismo-simbolismo: el espíritu decadentista, la ambigüedad de la comunicación indirecta y la filiación a la música. A la luz de ellos, se analizan los principales temas, símbolos, imágenes y metáforas del poemario. Asimismo, se va señalando cómo a partir del segundo poemario y hasta el final de su obra, Antonio Machado va expresando cómo fue superando el decadentismo-simbolismo inicial, aunque reconociendo su gran aportación poética.
LA RENOVACIÓN LITERARIA EN LA DIANA (1882-1884) DE MANUEL REINA
Authors: Ocampos Palomar Emilio José
Published: August 2023

Muchas de las revistas literarias de finales del siglo XIX intervinieron directamente en la modificación del canon a través de la importación de nuevos modelos literarios provenientes del extranjero. En este marco se encuentran revistas tan olvidadas por la crítica como La Diana, quincenal que dirige Manuel Reina y que, desde 1882 hasta 1884, sirve como mediode difusión de la literatura extranjera. El presente trabajo analiza la relación de La Diana con la renovación literaria finisecular y el Modernismo, a través de su actitud cosmopolita opuesta a una tradición decimonónica nacionalista, y su transgresión de la moral burguesa en la reescritura de los códigos extranjeros de las nuevas poéticas francesas.
Detección de competencias profesionales para el Ing. en Mecatrónica del TecNM-ITSLP
Authors: Rivera Bravo Elizabeth , Orocio Castro Norma , Hernández Sierra María Guadalupe , Muñoz Rivas Mario Alberto , Mota Velázquez Miguel Angel , De la Rosa Vargas Daniela Giselle
Published: August 2023

Esta investigación da seguimiento a reuniones con empleadores, donde se plantearon diferentes cuestionamientos referentes al desempeño de los egresados, obteniendo información relacionada con las necesidades que los empresarios tienen de competencias profesionales en residentes y egresados. Los profesores de la academia dieron seguimiento a factores que se respondieron negativamente. El objetivo general fue: Realizar la detección de competencias profesionales actuales para el Ingeniero en Mecatrónica del TecNM-ITSLP. En la investigación se ha tomado consciencia del papel que juegan los elementos que aportan para la formación de los estudiantes: institución con infraestructura adecuada, laboratorios equipados, planes de estudio y módulo de especialidad, docentes capacitados, estudiantes interesados en su carrera, necesidades del entorno. La metodología implicó diseñar varios instrumentos de recolección de información para ser aplicados a estudiantes de residencia profesional, egresados y a empleadores. En las tres poblaciones indicadas se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística con el procedimiento por conveniencia y se les aplicaron las encuestas, a residentes y egresados, aplicadas en línea, a empleadores en reuniones con grupos de interés. Como resultados del trabajo se generaron propuestas para un Módulo de Especialidad para la carrera de Ingeniería Mecatrónica del TecNM-ITSLP, que ya fue autorizado y se encuentra en operación.
Analisis Profitabilitas, Struktur Modal dan Nilai Tukar Terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan
Authors: Utami Tiara Putri , Aziz Alfida
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, struktur modal dan nilai tukar terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 perusahaan sebagai sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2019 dan pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis Regresi Data Panel dengan program E-Views 12. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap harga saham pertambangan, (2) Struktur Modal berpengaruh terhadap harga saham pertambangan, (3) Nilai Tukar tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham pertambangan.
Digital Branding “Rasa Pejabat Harga Merakyat” Di Media Sosial Instagram @pemkop.id
Authors: Nugroho Syaharani Chaerunisa , Yuniarti Tatik
Published: August 2023

Persaingan bisnis coffee shop yang ketat membuat “Pemerintah Kopi” mulai menetapkan positioning-nya dalam membangun branding coffee shop “rasa pejabat harga merakyat” di Bekasi. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui taktik yang digunakan “Pemerintah Kopi” dalam memanfaatkan akun Instagram nya sebagai sarana membangun branding coffee shop “rasa pejabat harga merakyat” di Bekasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi digital dan dokumentasi dari konten-konten yang terdapat di akun Instagram “@pemkop.id”. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa key informan yakni marketing public relations dan admin media sosial menggunakan tahapan riset, planning, analisis, dan evaluasi dalam pembentukan branding melalui konten-konten di Instagram.
Peranan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Sikap Toleransi Beragama SMPN 02 Sumowono
Authors: Mirani Aisha , Junedi  , Nursikin Mukh
Published: August 2023

The result of this study indicates that the understanding and religious tolerance in the school environment towards religious tolerance at middle school students 02 in Sumowono. Qualitative methods were used in this study with survey techniques presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. Data were collected through interviews and observations involving 25 students. Sources of data include primary source obtained from informants, namely teachers and educators. The results of this study are Islamic religious education in the school environment towards the attitude of religious tolerance at middle school students 02 in Sumowono shows that there are: (1) tolerance for school residents (2) recognition between differences, among others and with other religions. (3) always respect adherents of other religions. (4) does not discriminate from the background. (5) the atmosphere in the school is created conducive and harmonious.
Natural Frequencies Optimisation of Hybrid Composite Laminates using Response Surface Method
Authors: Muhammad Hadri Mohd Rosaidi  , Jamaluddin Mahmud  , Siti Mariam Abdul Rahman  , Nurul Hayati Abdul Halim  , Raja Izamshah Raja Abdullah  , Mohd Nor Azmi Ab Patar
Published: August 2023

Natural frequency is an important property in designing structures, as resonance can induce catastrophic failure. Nevertheless, the vibration behaviour of hybrid composite laminates due to the hybridisation has still not been fully understood. This study aims to analyse and optimise the natural frequency response of hybrid composite laminates under free vibration due to the effect of various lamination schemes, plate thicknesses and hybridisation volume fractions. Initial stage involved mesh convergence analysis and numerical validation. Design of Experiments approach was employed to set up the important parameters and effective case studies. The natural frequencies for each case study were determined and analysed using finite element analysis software. The final stage involved optimisation using Response Surface Method. The results from the 34 case studies showed that the range of natural frequency was between 116.53Hz and 5598.4Hz. It was found that both symmetric and anti-symmetric laminates with 0° fibre angle produced the highest natural frequency of 5598.4Hz. Considering other parameters, the thicker plate and higher volume of carbon produced higher natural frequency. In conclusion, this study has contributed significant knowledge such as better understanding the effect of the studied parameters on the natural frequencies of hybrid composite laminates.
Design and Development of Automated Indoor Farming with Alert System
Authors: Yaw Long Chua  , Shaik Mohamed Faizal Mohamed Bharuddin  , Yit Yan Koh
Published: August 2023

Indoor farming is becoming an addition to conventional farming practices. This project focused on designing a new, multilevel automated aeroponics system. This newly designed prototype includes an alert system that can alert the user at low water tank levels. The proposed multilevel aeroponic was tested for suitability for maximum plant growth configurations. The prototype development consists of several phases: primary structure, plastic container, water piping, and system setup. Various experiments were conducted within five weeks. The configurations involve changing lighting hours and irrigation patterns. The project's outcome shows the configuration with 12 hours of lighting and a 20-minute misting cycle provides maximum growth. A few recommendations such as lightning setup, user control and misting cycle were also discussed.
Connate Water Distribution Zone Affecting Groundwater Quality of Semarang City Coastal Plain
Authors: Nur Qudus  , Mohamed Nor Azhari Azman  , Virgiawan Adi Kristianto  , Nor Azliza Akbar  , Nurakmal Hamzah
Published: August 2023

Semarang City Coastal Plain is an alluvial plain with groundwater conditions that have a salty, slightly brackish, or brackish taste, and some are fresh. The limited availability of fresh water on alluvial plains is caused by several factors, including the influence of seawater on coastal aquifers. There is connate water or water trapped in the clay layer will affect the quality of groundwater to be brackish or salty. Connate water is water trapped in the cavities of sedimentary rocks, since the deposition occurred. The process is caused by seawater entering the land, or seawater that is trapped during the sedimentation process. The results of the study using the hydro stratigraphic estimation method showed that there were several distributions of salt water that were trapped or trapped in the cavities of sedimentary rocks along the coastal plain of Semarang city. The trapped salt water can be predicted to be caused by the phenomenon of connate water. Based on map data, it is shown that the coastline of the city of Semarang around the 900s, is in the Simongan area with a line extending eastwards along the Brintik or Bergota mountain area. Geological and sedimentation factors cause changes in the coastline towards the north, and can result in salt water being confined or trapped in rock cavities.
الملكية الفكرية ودور الحكومة في حمايتها
Authors: نعمان محمد , عطا الله نعمان
Published: July 2023

أحد الأمور المهمة لحقوق الملكية الفكرية، بما في ذلك حق المؤلف، هو تحفيز الإبداع وحماية وتشجيع الأستثمارات ونقل التكنولوجيا, وبالتالي يجب ان تضطلع الحكومة بعدد من التدابير التي من شأنها حماية هذه الحقوق.
وتتمحور مشكلة البحث حول الدور الأمثل الذي يمكن ان تضطلع به حكومات الدول لحماية الملكية الفكرية. وعليه فقد تم تقسيم البحث الى مطلبين نتناول في الأول منهما التعريف بالملكية الفكرية وطبيعتها وأقسامها، وفي المطلب الثاني دور الحكومات في حمايتها، مختتمين البحث بأهم النتائج والتوصيات.
Evaluation of White Matter and Cerebellum Structures of Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Patients by Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Volbrain Method
Authors: PALANCI Özgür , ALİOĞLU Zekeriya , ÖZYAŞAR Ali Faruk , EYÜBOĞLU İlker , KÖKTÜRK Elif Gökçen , ALTUNAYOGLU CAKMAK Vildan
Published: August 2023

Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most commonly encountered tremor disorders in movement disorders. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is one of the best in vivo ways of mapping white matter pathways in the human brain. The aim of our study was to investigate diffusion variables and cerebellum volume in ET and PD using parcellation methods. Our study included 20 ET, 20 PD and 20 healthy controls. Fraction Anisotropy (FA) and Mean Diffusivity (MD) values were obtained with DTI, while the volume of each lobe of the cerebellum was obtained with T1 images. One-way ANOVA was used for intergroup analysis and Scheffe test was used for post-hoc analysis. Significant differences were found in the diffusion values of the pedunculus cerebellaris, fornix stria, superior longitudinal fasciculus, sagittal stratum, cerebral pedunculus, tapatum and thalamus of ET and PD. Lobule V, Lobule IX, Lobule X volumes of the cerebellum showed significant differences between the groups. Stria thermialis shows involvement of mesolimbic dopaminergic system in PD and it is thought that disruption of strial networks leads to changes in the activity of cerebellar networks and reveals the role of the cerebellum in tremor. It is obvious that cerebellar thalamocortical pathways are affected in Parkinson's disease. In Parkinson's disease, patients should be evaluated for visual processing, conceptualisation, postural instability and gait disturbance to clarify the diagnosis or to differentiate from essential tremor.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Some Wild Birds in Şanlıurfa (Türkiye)
Authors: PARMAKSIZ Arif , UZTEMUR Adil , ÇEÇEN Cahit
Published: July 2023

The increase in population worldwide causes an increase in anthropogenic effects such as agriculture and industry, and as a result, the habitat of many naturally living species is changing. Because of this change, it is known that the species that adapt to the environment live, and the ones that do not adapt either migrate or their generation is endangered. Birds are species-rich and unique in their adaptation to a wide variety of habitats. In Şanlıurfa, both the construction of dams and the increase in agricultural activities affect bird diversity significantly. Therefore, it is important to take precautions by investigating their phylogenetic origins and migration routes. The aim of the present study is to perform phylogenetic analysis using mtDNA COI marker for some wild bird species in Şanlıurfa. Muscle tissue was taken from nine wild bird species, DNA isolation was performed using a commercial kit, and the target gene region was amplified by using PCR method. The genetic structure of the species was determined by sequence analysis of the obtained target PCR products and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. The results were evaluated at haplotype level by comparing with the sequences in the gene bank. It was determined that the haplotypes determined for Tyto alba, Ciconia ciconia, and Elanus caeruleus species were new and not found in other countries.
Evolution of Roof Systems in Ancient Coptic Churches: form 4th to 9th Centuries
Authors: Ibrahim Maha AbouBakr , Nassef Mazen Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Few roof structures remain unscathed from the 4th to 9th centuries in the history of Egyptian architecture generally. The relatively large amount of well-preserved early roof structures in churches in Egypt is used as a point of departure to structurally define medieval Egyptian roof structures. Investigations of actual roof structures along with study of written sources provide the basis for the study, beside site visits if the structure still exists. The structures are defined according to inherited known systems, economics, politics, building materials and semiotics. We can grope an occurring evolution in the design of the churches’ roofs. The medieval roof structures of Coptic churches can generally and concisely be described by tracing them and putting them in a chronological order. This study completes the constructed mental image about that period, and provide architects with simple architectural solutions within communities that enjoy the exitance of multicultures.
Adaptable Public Space, An Essential Parameter of a Resilient City and of Risk Prevention and Management, Case of Blida City – Algeria
Authors: CHEBOUB Amal Khadidja , DJELLATA Amel
Published: August 2023

With population growth, climate change and increasing risks, cities are becoming more vulnerable. Therefore, strengthening their resilience requires a strategic exploitation of public open spaces, beyond its traditional role, through its important potential for adaptability and mitigation. Our contribution aims to explore the role of public open spaces in the prevention and management strategies of major risks in Algeria (Blida). We proceed by evaluating the capacity of public open spaces to respond to risks situations through a reading of the proposed strategies by the Algerian rescue plan; Accompanied by an international case study which examines the strategies of the use of public open spaces in case of major risks. Finally, a fieldwork survey completes this reading. The conclusions of this research reveal an under-exploitation of public open spaces, that must be integrated into an emergency intervention scheme, while also identifying choice indicators for selecting adaptable public open spaces.
Transforming Rooftop Terraces to Third Places in Urban India
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Law Suganya
Published: August 2023

This research explores the potential of residential rooftop terraces as a ‘third’ place for community activities in urban India, where increasing density has throttled access to open spaces. During the COVID-19 lockdown, usage of shared and private terraces saw a surge and was being used for various purposes. An online survey was conducted to assess the usage types and to understand potential preferences for taking advantage of this largely underused resource. Response from across India within varied age groups and types of terrace users indicated opportunities for more than socialising, amidst passively cooled roofs. Almost all who had access to a roof terrace wanted to use the space in a manner that is inclusive and engaging for the residential community. Formulation of recommendations, based on this community aspiration and sharing with building permit authorities, is one of the outcomes of this study.
Understanding the urban structure of the Algerian cities using emerging data: Case study of Algiers
Authors: Oubraham Amira Khalida , Baouni Tahar
Published: August 2023

Despite the identification of urban structure and urban centers being crucial for effective policy making (transport policies, urban risk management policies etc) there is a serious lack of studies covering developing countries' urban structure changes, especially north African cities. This is mainly due to the unavailability of the necessary data for urban structure identification. In this contribution we investigate the polycentric development in the Algerian capital, Algiers, using innovative data resources such as LandScanTM High Resolution Global Population Dataset and the POI approach, and spatial statistics. The findings suggest that the structure of Algiers is indeed developing into a polycentric city. The emerging data helped us overcome a serious methodological problem and objectively identify the city structure for better planning.
The agricultural and historical origin of an urban green infrastructure: Madrid-Río
Authors: González-Truco Iván , Rodríguez-Romero Eva J. , Santo-Tomás-Muro Rocío , Jiménez-Alcalá Benito
Published: August 2023

Madrid-Río is a recent green infrastructure built in Madrid, a linear park of multiple uses that sought to connect the historic city center with the less favored neighborhoods of the south, to bring them spatial and socioeconomically closer to the center. Our purpose is to detect, in this new urban space, the traces of its origin in agricultural uses linked to the river. These uses widely extended since the city became capital, had their reflection in several historical places, such as Casa de campo, Paseo de Virgen del Puerto, etc., which have been tried to integrate into the new project. The methodology used combines the analysis of historical cartography, with historical data and own analytical planimetry. The findings are to detect historical focal points and their relevance, locate the footprint of spaces of agricultural origin in the current park and, more broadly, assess their value in the functioning of GI.
The Appropriateness of Standing kitchen in the Indian Context
Authors: Baghel Archana , Parikh Shreya
Published: August 2023

Women used to sit and cook in traditional Indian kitchens, which had floor-mounted fuel stoves. After the invention of gas cylinders, there was a significant change in the cooking position, which went from sitting to standing. Since Indian women spend the most hours cooking in the kitchen in the entire world (MUKHERJEE, 2015), standing while cooking is uncomfortable and might have negative health effects. Additionally, it makes older women dependent on other people. The objectives of this study are to compare standing and sitting cooking techniques and to determine if a standing kitchen would be appropriate in an Indian setting. The paper employs secondary data analysis, first-hand observation, and focus group discussion as part of the methodology. The paper brings out a need to re-evaluate the design of Indian kitchens so that women of all ages can work independently and comfortably.
Architectural Design with A Phenomenological Approach, A Case of Museum Sensory Experience
Authors: Al-Madhi Maryam , Allani Najl
Published: August 2023

The phenomenological approach's role is to implement human perceptions where humans exist by perceiving and observing the surrounding in a body relation with the built environment and world surroundings, as Ponty’s philosophy addresses. Furthermore, architecture is the overall image of emerging human life aspects connected with all human sensations that reflect perceptions, experiences, and ideas. Significantly, attributes of daily experiences exist through architecture and social aspects. The purpose of the study stands to understand bodily experience through phenomenological approaches in a museum. For instance, surrounded built environment and designed atmosphere in architectural design and human sensation concerning phenomenological characteristics. In addition, phenomenological methodology through focus groups is properly considered while practising the museum's journey that attracts the user’s sensory experience and perceptions. Moreover, the study analysis results concerning human sensations and design aspects in a museum experience are promised with design awareness.
Applying the phenomenological approach to educational place: A case study analysis of a college experience through time
Authors: Ameen Aqeel Ahmed , Allani Najla
Published: August 2023

Applying the phenomenological approach to architecture relies on integrating human experiences and sensory aspects into the designed space, materials, and light to create a place that has a lasting impact on the memory in the human mind. This experience can change if the person experiences the space at a different time. This case study focuses on some students' sensory experiences of the College of Engineering at the University of Bahrain who attended the College during their academic years and then visited it after a long detachment period. This study relies on interviews with the students focusing on their previous and actual college experience to discover the changes in the experience of the same space through different times. The promising results showcase that mental images have changed, and students' attachment has become more substantial due to detachment and time.
Energy Performance and Sustainability of High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Jin Kim Jong
Published: August 2023

This study is to examine methods of enhancing energy efficiency and self-sustainability of tall buildings. The current levels of energy consumption of high-rise buildings were investigated. The alternative methods of producing onsite energy that can be harnessed from tall buildings wwere reviewed. The amount of solar energy that can be harnessed from PV panels installed on the roof and the south façade of a testbed building in New York was estimated. Comparing the quantities of renewable energy produced from and the energy demand of the building, the energy self-sufficiency of the building was analyzed. It was found that, with current technology, onsite solar systems can meet only a small fraction, less than 4.2%, of the building s energy demand. From this study, it was concluded that energy self-sufficiency of tall buildings must be approached by enhancing the energy efficiency of various building systems of tall buildings.
A new context for urban design: the role of drawing in the design process
Authors: Rainha Ana Paula
Published: August 2023

The composition of urban space today seems to be considered a less important issue in the practice of city development. The impoverishment process of the formal and compositional components of the urban spaces is more evident when the several and necessary knowledges in planning are contemplated and understood. These aspects imply a reflection on essential aspects of urban concerns which are mainly related to the formal composition, based on the experimentation and on the individual creativity of the designer.This paper pretends an approach to the relevance of this subject for the urban planning, through its various phases from XV century until now, focusing on the role of the free drawing in the urban design process, concluding with its importance at several levels for the urban planning and cities development.
Service life prediction of paint coating of Algiers building envelopes by applying a multiple linear regression analysis
Authors: HAMMAS Aghiles , BRARA Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The durability of a building is strongly related to the service life of its various components, including the coatings of its envelope. The paint on the building envelope is the first protective layer exposed to the harmful effects of the climate and environmental conditions. These effects are manifested over time by degradations such as color change, cracking, peeling, etc. In this contribution, a predictive model of the service life of paints coating, applied on cementitious materials of building envelopes located in Algiers, is proposed. The model is based on a multiple linear regression analysis of descriptive results of visual investigations combined with in situ tests on the degradation of the facade paints of 45 buildings sample, selected according to their age, their distance to the coast as well as their orientation with respect to the climatic factor exposures. The proposed predictive model satisfactorily reproduces the field results.
Sustainable Brownfield Redevelopment: A Solution to Control Urban Sprawl
Authors: Cherian Merin S. , Ghosh Debalina , L Keerthana
Published: August 2023

With the expansion of cities, meeting the requirement of increase in population has always been a concern for the environment. As a consequence of urbanization, surge in tenancy, need for recreational spaces and increased congestion within the cities, its boundaries are expanding rapidly, occupying the outskirts of the same for new infrastructural development. This causes problems such as uncontrolled urban sprawl.This paper intends to highlight the impact of urban sprawl on a city and how it can be mitigated by implementing strategies like brownfield redevelopment, retrofitting and revitalization of existing structures for mixed use developments which will not only allow us to retain the natural habitats surrounding the city but will also prove to be a suitable sustainable approach towards urban development.
3D Modeling the Work Space with a Lidar Sensor-Supported Camera and Designing the Designs with Genius Loci Concept in Design Programs
Authors: YAKUT Melik Ziya , TURGUT Ercan
Published: August 2023

Furniture, colors and designs used in work spaces affect working performance and quality of working life. This study works with the Genius Loci concept, which expresses the original atmosphere and air of the work space. The work space was scanned with a lidar sensor-supported camera as part of the study. The obtained scanning file was transferred to a computer platform and made usable with the relevant design program. The relevant design program made it easy to adjust and see the positive effects of the changes in the re-designed work space on work performance and the person using the work space after the changes in the re-designed work space were implemented. By referencing this study, the positive direct effect on performance increase in work space can be seen in the re-designed work space.
Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Industrial Building Energy Performance
Authors: Eksi Melike , Kavak Beytullah Emre , Kargi Ahmet Eren , Yigit Sadik
Published: August 2023

Buildings are responsible for a significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions and are a critical component in achieving climate neutrality. Researchers have focused on finding energy-efficient building envelope designs to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. However, the majority of studies did not take climate change into consideration. It is clear that more studies should be carried out to investigate the energy performance of buildings under climate change conditions. This paper provides a brief review of relevant studies and highlights the need for further investigation. Specifically, this study analyses the energy performance of a prefabricated industrial building, considering climate change conditions, using Energy Plus simulation software. The results of the study demonstrate that, due to climate change, the heating energy demand of buildings is predicted to significantly decrease. The results of this study are expected to inform strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of industrial buildings in a changing climate.