bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and abundance of Cladocera (Branchiopoda) in the Paraíba do Sul River estuary, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Sterza José Mauro , Fernandes Luiz Loureiro
Published: November 2007

To characterize the cladoceran community of the Paraíba do Sul River estuary, located in the district of São João da Barra, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, cladocerans were collected monthly in nine sampling stations from September 2002 until August 2003. Samples were obtained by subsurface tows using a plankton net with a 30 cm opening mouth and 70 micron mesh size, fitted with a mechanical flowmeter. Environmental parameters such as salinity and temperature were also obtained. Seventeen species of Cladocera were identified: Pseudoevadne tergestina, Penilia avirostris, Macrothrix triserialis, Moina micrura, Simocephalus kerhervei, Simocephalus vetalus, Simocephalus latirostris, Simocephalus serrulatus, Alona rectangula, Alona quadrangularis, Bosmina longirostris, Bosminopsis deitersi, Camptocercus dadayi, Ceriodaphnia richardi, Diaphanosoma fluviatile, Kurzia latissima and Pleuroxus similis. The highest total abundance of Cladocera occurred in April in the marine zone of the estuary. The most abundant species during this period was Penilia avirostris. At the mixing and freshwater zones of the estuary, the most abundant species were Moina micrura, mainly in January; and Simocephalus vetalus and Bosmina longirostris during spring. From this scenario, it can be inferred that the cladoceran community of the Paraíba do Sul River estuary presents characteristics of marine, brackish and freshwater environments. Temperature and salinity seem to limit the occurrence and distribution of cladocerans in the estuary.
Baseline assessment of the reef fish assemblage from Cagarras Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Rangel Carlos A. , Chaves Laís C. T. , Monteiro-Neto Cassiano
Published: November 2007

The extensive Brazilian coast comprises diverse reef fish communities. Here, we report a pioneer study on the reef fish community composition of the Cagarras Archipelago. This rocky reef system consists of a small group of coastal islands 5 km south off Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. A relatively diverse and disturbed fish community (99 species from 39 families) was found in this archipelago. Two different visual census techniques were utilized and a large difference was observed in the number of species compared to other Brazilian reef sites. Trophic structure and biogeographical affinities are discussed. The absence of some reef fish species, mainly top predators, suggests severe environmental impact in this area and exhorts the Brazilian authorities to create a marine protected area. Results obtained in this study will serve to future environmental studies in Cagarras.
Ecotoxicological assessment of sediments from the Port of Santos and the disposal sites of dredged material
Authors: Sousa Eduinetty Ceci P. M. , Abessa Denis M. S. , Bauer R. F. Rachid , Gasparro Marcia R. , Zaroni Letícia P.
Published: November 2007

The dredging of sediments from the Santos Channel is necessary to allow the navigation of ships operating in the Port of Santos. The disposal sites for such sediments are situated on the coastal zone, in front of the Santos Bay. The present paper aimed at evaluating the toxicity of sediments collected at the Santos Channel and at the former and current sediment disposal sites. Whole sediment tests with amphipods and elutriate assays with sea-urchin embryos were used. The samples from the Santos Channel were considered the most toxic: all the sediment samples from this area showed toxicity. Moreover, some samples from both former and new sediment disposal sites exhibited toxicity. Therefore, results showed that sediments from the studied areas present evidences of degradation; however, further studies are required to determine relationships between toxicity and contamination. Results also suggested that the disposal of dredged sediments should be re-evaluated.
Spatial and temporal changes in interstitial meiofauna on a sandy ocean beach of South America
Authors: Albuquerque Elaine F. , Pinto Ana Paula Brandão , Perez Antonieta d'Alcântara de Queiroz , Veloso Valéria Gomes
Published: November 2007

Spatial and temporal patterns of meiofauna community from a Brazilian sandy beach were investigated. The objective of this work was to analyze the meiofauna distribution using a statistical model that considers the biological data as variables, and granulometric characteristics, organic matter, and temperature as covariables.Four zones were sampled throughout one year in a Brazilian sandy beach and three sediment cores were taken monthly from each zone. The meiofauna was composed by 12 taxa, with tardigrades and nematodes comprising 92% of the total fauna. The meiofauna mean density varied from 1556.25 to 13125.25 ind.10 cm-2, with the highest densities in December. The results of multiple regression showed that the mean effects of zones, vertical layers, and months on the organisms were significantly correlated with the principal taxa of meiofauna. The retention zone and the 0-10 cm layer presented the highest densities. The temporal distribution showed different patterns and some taxa were more abundant in the dry season, and others in the rainy season. Sedimentological variables had strong and significant effects on the meiofauna taxa. According to the results, physical variables at the retention zone create optimal living conditions for the meiobentos, making this zone an area that favors the basic and applied ecological studies.
Cadmium concentrations in franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) from south brazilian coast
Authors: Dorneles Paulo Renato , Lailson-Brito José , Secchi Eduardo Resende , Bassoi Manuela , Lozinsky Catarina Pereira Coutinho , Torres João Paulo Machado , Malm Olaf
Published: November 2007

Franciscana dolphins were used as source of information on the bioavailability of cadmium in the neritic waters off South Brazilian Coast. Liver samples obtained from 44 individuals incidentally captured off Rio Grande do Sul State were analyzed by electrothermal AAS. Cadmium concentrations, age, total weight and length of the analyzed dolphins varied between 39 and 4144 µg.kg-1 (wet weight), one and five years, 17.5 and 49.2 kg, and between 105.3 and 156.8 cm, respectively. Concerning hepatic cadmium concentrations of franciscanas, there was no significant difference between data raised by the present study and information from literature, regarding Rio de Janeiro State. The low cadmium concentrations observed may be attributed to the fact that loliginid squids constitute the main cephalopod prey for franciscanas. This study corroborates investigations on cadmium levels in Brazilian squids and strengthened the hypothesis that cephalopods of Loliginidae Family do not constitute important vectors of the transfer of cadmium to cetaceans.
Feeding-deterrent properties of diterpenes of Dictyota mertensii (Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales)
Authors: Vallim Magui Aparecida , Teixeira Valéria Laneuville , Pereira Renato Crespo
Published: November 2007

Crude extracts of the brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii (Martius) Kützing collected at two distant and different places on the Brazilian coast, Búzios (Rio de Janeiro) and Fernando de Noronha (PE), were evaluated for defensive chemistry against the crab Pachygrapsus transversus, and the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The extract from Búzios specimens of D. mertensii significantly inhibited the consumption by both P. transversus and L. varigetaus. Fractionation of the extracts of specimens of D. mertensii from Búzios and F. de Noronha followed by complementary assays revealed one active fraction from each location, which contained distinct defensive secondary metabolites. In each active fractions prenylated guaiane diterpenes were the major compounds. Dictyol H and epoxypachydictyol A were the most abundant compounds in Búzios and F. de Noronha, respectively, followed by minor components. Our results show a differential production of secondary metabolites in the two distant and different populations of D. mertensii along the Brazilian coast. This suggests that defensive chemicals from this seaweed are not qualitatively absolute characteristics of the species, but may represent an ecological specialization to successfully prevent herbivory.
Inorganic Plume Delineation Using Surface High‐Resolution Electrical Resistivity at the BC Cribs and Trenches Site, Hanford
Authors: Rucker Dale F. , Fink James B.
Published: November 2007

A surface resistivity survey was conducted on the Hanford Site over a waste disposal trench that received a large volume of liquid inorganic waste. The objective of the survey was to map the extent of the plume that resulted from the disposal activities approximately 50 yr earlier. The survey included six resistivity transects of at least 200 m, where each transect provided two‐dimensional profile information of subsurface electrical properties. The results of the survey indicated that a low resistivity plume resides at a depth of approximately 25 to 44 m below ground surface. The target depth was calibrated with borehole data of pore‐water electrical conductivity. Due to the high correlation of the pore‐water electrical conductivity to nitrate concentration and the high correlation of measured apparent resistivity to pore‐water electrical conductivity, inferences were made that proposed the spatial distribution of the apparent resistivity was due to the distribution of nitrate. Therefore, apparent resistivities were related to nitrate, which was subsequently rendered in three dimensions to show that the nitrate likely did not reach the water table and the bounds of the highest concentrations are directly beneath the collection of waste sites.
Effective Hydraulic Properties Determined from Transient Unsaturated Flow in Anisotropic Soils
Authors: Ward Andy L. , Zhang Z. Fred
Published: November 2007

An important requirement for accurate modeling of field‐scale unsaturated transport using local‐scale parameters is a method to account for multiscale heterogeneity and the connectivity of the facies that control flow. A series of infiltration tests were conducted at the Hanford Site along a 60‐m‐long transect, instrumented at 1‐m intervals to measure water content (θ) and capillary pressure head (h) to quantify the spatial correlation structure of hydraulic properties and assess connectivity of the facies. Hydraulic parameters including the pore connectivity–tortuosity tensor (Li) were inversely estimated using the Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases (STOMP) numerical simulator coupled with the parameter estimation code, UCODE. Results show that six of eight parameters required for a modified van Genuchten–Mualem model could be inversely estimated using θ measured during transient infiltration from a surface line source and approximated prior information. Soils show evidence of saturation‐dependent anisotropy that was well described with the connectivity tensor. Variability of the vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ksv, was larger than the horizontal, Ksh The autocorrelation ranges for Ksh, Ksv, the inverse of the air‐entry value, α, and the horizontal connectivity, Lh, were between 2.4 and 4.6 m, whereas the van Genuchten shape parameter, n, and saturated water content, θs, showed no autocorrelation. Accurate upscaling of hydraulic properties requires the correct assessment of the connectivity of facies.
Geochemical Controls on Contaminant Uranium in Vadose Hanford Formation Sediments at the 200 Area and 300 Area, Hanford Site, Washington
Authors: McKinley James P. , Zachara John M. , Wan Jiamin , McCready David E. , Heald Steven M.
Published: November 2007

Long‐term historic spills of uranium at the 300 Area fuel fabrication site (58,000 kg of disposed uranium over 32 yr) and at the 200 East Area BX tank farm (7000 kg of spilled uranium in one event), both within the Hanford formation in the Hanford Site, Washington State, were investigated by subsurface sampling and subsequent microscale investigations of excavated samples. The 200 Area sediments contained uranyl silicate mineralization (sodium boltwoodite) in restrictive microfractures in granitic clasts, in the vadose zone over a narrow range in depth. Well logging and column experiments indicated that tank wastes migrated deeper than observed in core samples. The 300 Area sediments included metatorbernite and uranium at low concentrations associated with detrital aluminosilicates, along with other mineral phases that could accommodate uranyl, such as uranophane and calcium carbonate. The association of contaminant uranyl with Hanford formation sediments provided a persistent source of uranium to groundwater. The results of both studies suggest that the formation of secondary solid uranyl‐bearing phases influences the subsequent release of uranium to the environment and that our understanding of these processes and individual waste sites is incomplete.
Analytical Advection–Dispersion Model for Transport and Plant Uptake of Contaminants in the Root Zone
Authors: Skaggs T. H. , Jarvis N. J. , Pontedeiro E. M. , van Genuchten M. Th. , Cotta R. M.
Published: November 2007

In regulatory and risk management analyses of environmental contaminants, the vadose zone may be treated as a subcomponent within a larger environmental modeling framework. For the complexity of the larger system model to remain at manageable levels, it is desirable that subcomponent models be relatively simple and require few input parameters. In this work, we develop an advective–dispersive solute transport equation that includes plant uptake of water and solute and present an analytical solution. Assumptions underlying the transport model include linear solute sorption, first‐order uptake, and a uniform soil water content. We examine the latter assumption in detail and demonstrate the effects of rooting depth, soil texture, and leaching fraction on the uniformity of the root‐zone water content. The new analytical advection–dispersion model should be useful for estimating the transport and uptake of strongly sorbing and persistent contaminants, where the timescale relevant for assessing environmental impacts is long (decades) and short‐term fluctuations caused by, for example, precipitation can be averaged. As an illustration, model predictions are made for the uptake of cadmium (Cd) by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in sludge‐amended soil. The predictions are compared with those of a “one‐compartment” model that has been proposed previously for risk analysis and regulatory studies. The comparison shows that the one‐compartment model overestimates the long‐term, steady‐state Cd concentration in harvested wheat grain. The analytical advection–dispersion model is recommended as a tool for environmental risk assessment of strongly sorbing, persistent contaminants.
Predictive Value of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for the Amount of Physical Activity After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Wagenmakers Robert , Stevens Martin , van den Akker-Scheek Inge , Zijlstra Wiebren , Groothoff Johan W
Published: November 2007

Background and Purpose

Despite the recognized health benefits of physical activity, little is known about the amount of physical activity that patients perform after total hip arthroplasty (THA). To this end, the ability of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) to predict the amount of physical activity that patients with a THA perform, as measured by the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH), was determined.

Subjects and Methods

Three hundred sixty-four patients who had a THA returned questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between scores on the WOMAC and SQUASH. Binary logistic regression modeling was used to determine the extent to which the WOMAC score could predict that patients would meet national and international guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity.

Results

Scores on the WOMAC and SQUASH showed a significant, but low, correlation (r=.14–.24). Although the WOMAC score was a significant predictor for meeting national and international guidelines for physical activity, the odds ratio was low (1.022, 95% confidence interval=1.012–1.033) and only 6.9% of the variance could be explained (Nagelkerke r2=.069).

Discussion and Conclusion

The results suggest that the WOMAC is not suitable for predicting the amount of physical activity after THA, requiring the use of an additional outcome measure.
Associations Between Physical Examination and Self-Reported Physical Function in Older Community-Dwelling Adults With Knee Pain
Authors: Wood Laurence , Peat George , Thomas Elaine , Hay Elaine M , Sim Julius
Published: November 2007

Background and Purpose

Knee pain is a common disabling condition for which older people seek primary care. Clinicians depend on the history and physical examination to direct treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between simple physical examination tests and self-reported physical functional limitations.

Subjects and Methods

A population sample of 819 older adults underwent a standardized physical examination consisting of 24 tests. Associations between the tests and self-reported physical functional limitations (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical functioning subscale [WOMAC-PF] scores) were explored.

Results

Five of the tests showed correlations with WOMAC-PF scores, corresponding to an intermediate effect (r≥.30). These were tenderness on palpation of the infrapatellar area, timed single-leg standing balance, maximal isometric quadriceps femoris muscle strength (force-generating capacity), reproduction of symptoms on patellofemoral compression, and degree of knee flexion. Each of these tests was able to account for between 7% and 13% of the variance in WOMAC-PF scores, after controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. Three of these tests are indicative of impairments that may be modifiable by exercise interventions.

Discussion and Conclusion

Self-reported physical functional limitations among older people with knee pain are associated with potentially modifiable physical impairments that can be identified by simple physical examination tests.
Measuring Deterioration in International Classification of Functioning Domains of People With Multiple Sclerosis Who Are Ambulatory
Authors: Paltamaa Jaana , Sarasoja Taneli , Leskinen Esko , Wikström Juhani , Mälkiä Esko
Published: November 2007

Background and Purpose

Measures to detect important effects related to physical therapy interventions must be able to detect an important change. The purpose of this study was to select the most responsive physical functioning measures for multiple sclerosis (MS) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework.

Subjects

The participants were 120 people with MS who were ambulatory from a population-based sample.

Methods

Physical functioning was assessed by quantitative clinical measures of activities (n=5) and body functions (n=7) and by self-reported performance in self-care, mobility, and domestic life domains in the activities and participation component of the ICF at baseline and 2 years later. A participant's perception of change and a change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were used as external criteria in the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve and the minimally important change score. The minimal detectable change was calculated as distribution-based responsiveness.

Results

According to the external criteria, 51% of the participants showed deterioration as measured by their own perceptions compared with the 26% of the participants who showed deterioration as rated by the clinician. Regardless of the external criterion applied, the measures most responsive to deterioration were self-reported scores in self-care, mobility, and domestic life; distance walked and change in heart rate during a 6-minute walk test; 10-m walk test speeds, stride length, and cadence; repetitive squatting; and Box and Block Test scores.

Discussion and Conclusion

The results show the relative responsiveness of different measures in the subsample who deteriorated and provide data that can facilitate the interpretation of score changes in people with MS who are ambulatory for future studies and in clinical practice.
Bromocriptine for Treatment of Benign Breast Disease: A double‐blind clinical trial versus placebo
Authors: Parlati E. , Polinari U. , Salvi G. , Giorlandino C. , Liberale I. , Fiorella G. , Dell'acqua S.
Published: November 2007

Over the last few years bromocriptine has been used for treatment of mastodynia and benign breast disease, but with contradictory results. This double‐blind clinical trial was performed to determine the efficacy of this prolactin inhibitor as compared with placebo. Subjective discomfort, clinical examination of the breast lesions, echomam‐mography and breast thermography were evaluated before, during and after 3 months of treatment and in a further follow‐up. Plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone and prolactin were measured over the same time. Significant reduction of mastodynia and significant improvement of the breast lesions were observed in the group given bromocriptine, though echomammography and breast thermography did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups. Plasma prolactin levels were significantly reduced by bromocriptine administration.
Ovulation Inhibition with 17β‐Estradiol Cyclo‐Octyl Acetate and Desogestrel
Authors: Schubert W. , Cullberg G.
Published: November 2007

Ovulation inhibition and bleeding control with a combination of 0.5 mg 17β‐estradiol cyclo‐octyl acetate (E2COA) and 0.15 mg desogestrel was investigated in 10 regularly menstruating women for 21 days. In half the group the treatment was extended for 7 days (days 22 − 28) with 0.03 mg desogestrel in order to evaluate any posttreatment influence on the gonadotropin levels. E2COA, beeing a long‐chain fatty ester dissolved in oil, was expected to be resorbed from the intestinal wall via the lymphatic system. By incorporating it in the chylomicrons, E2COA would thereby avoid the unfavourable first liver pass. The serum levels of progesterone were suppressed during treatment. No increase in 17β‐estradiol (E2) concentration was found; levels remained low and even during medication. No peak values of gonadotropins were seen. Thus follicular hormonal activity and ovulation was inhibited by this combination. Bleeding control was, however unacceptable in all volunteers. The addition of desogestrel during the fourth investigation week apparently did not induce any hormonal differences. The estrogenic activity is shown by the low, even S‐E2 levels, but the dosage of E2COA seems to be too low in relation to progestogen dosage. Further studies will have to be performed in order to find the ideal combination.
Profile of Danish Women Undergoing Reversal of Sterilization, 1978–1983
Authors: Thranov Ingrid , Hertz Jens , Ryttov Nis
Published: November 2007

To help identify those women who might regret undergoing sterilization, the Danish women refertilized from 1978 to 1983 were contacted by mailed questionnaire. Eighty‐three percent (120/144) responded. These women were younger at the time of sterilization than Danish women sterilized in the same period (mean age 29 years versus 34 years). Furthermore, they had more children at the time of sterilization and had their first and last child at a younger age than Danish women generally, in the same age group. Their social and educational status was lower than the background population and fewer were in gainful employment. At sterilization, most of the women were in an emotionally stressful situation (e.g., marital disharmony (78% of the married women), single parenthood (28%), unwanted pregnancy (27%)), or had chronic health problems in the family. Alternative contraceptive methods had not been fully explored. Thirty‐eight percent complained of late secondary effects attributable to the sterilization, but the main reason for wanting reversal of sterilization was a new partner (75%). The study suggests that the psycho‐social situation and contraceptive alternatives should be carefully evaluated in women requesting sterilization, especially in those below the age of 30.
Fetal heart rate pattern before and after paracervical anesthesia
Authors: Carlsson Britt‐Marie , Johansson Maud , Westin BjöRn
Published: November 2007

A prospective study of the fetal heart rate pattern during labor before and after paracervical blockade (PCB) was performed. The material comprised 469 women in labor, or 28% of 1 673 women delivered during a 6‐month period. The majority of the anesthesias (87%) were administered by specially trained midwives. Bupivacain (Marcain) was the anestethic used. The injections were made at four different points at a cervical diameter of 3 − 9 cm. The concentration of the anesthetic was 0.25 or 1.25% generally in 10 ml of normal saline. A second PCB was administered in 54 patients at least one hour after the preceding one. Fetal heart rate (FHR) was recorded via a scalp electrode and the pattern studied 15 min before and 30 min after the injection of the anesthetic. Bradycardia was defined as a persistent deceleration exceeding 3 min and occurring within 30 min of the PCB. Variability and acceleration pattern persisted independently of the PCB. Following PCB, decelerations of all types increased, while the basal rhythm decreased by on average 1.5 beats/min. Following PCB fetal bradycardia occurred in 1.9%. The bradycardia persisted on average for 6.5 min with a lowest average FHR of 73 beats/min. Retrospectively, 6 out of 9 infants exhibited recognized risk factors for bradycardia. All infants with bradycardia scored 9‐10/5 min, according to the Apgar rating scale and all had a normal development with regard to growth, motor and speech development at the age of 2 years. There were no significant differences in vaginal operative deliveries between the PCB and the non‐PCB group. However, the incidence of acute cesarean section was significantly and appreciably lower in the PCB than in the vaginally delivered non‐PCB group. Judging by the Apgar rating scale the general condition of the infants at birth was significantly better in the PCB than in the vaginally delivered non‐PCB group. In conclousion: Apart from a 2% incidence of fetal bradycardia following PCB, no untoward effects have been observed. The incidence of acute cesarean section was lower and the general condition of the infants better in the PCB than in the non‐PCB group. Adequate teching of the technique, contra‐indications to PCB and the side effects of the anesthetic agent are needed. Thereafter, it would seem appropriate not only that doctors but also specially trained midwives should be able to use paracervical blockade in order to alleviate pain during the first stage of labor.
Labor induction for planned vaginal delivery in patients with previous cesarean section
Authors: Lao T. T. , Leung B. F. H.
Published: November 2007

The role of labor induction in patients scheduled for vaginal delivery following a previous lower segment cesarean section has been controversial. In Hong Kong, we have managed these patients by induction when there were obstetric or medical indications. A review of 137 patients who had labor induced for a trial of scar showed that induction of labor was a safe procedure and the rate of repeat caesarean section in these patients (18.2%) was similar to that in other patients with a trial of scar who had spontaneous onset of labor (12.9%). There were no serious maternal or fetal complications. Although the use of oxytocin in addition to amniotomy produced no difference in the outcome, we felt that it was useful in preventing a long induction delivery interval as well as avoiding a high failure rate of induction. We conclude that in patients selected for a trial of scar, planned induction of labor should be attempted when an indication for delivery arises, as a high proportion (more than 80%) of these patients gave birth vaginally. If induction were ruled out, most of these patients would have to be delivered by repeat cesarean section, with its associated morbidity and expense.
Cervical priming and labor induction with vaginal application of 3 mg Pge2 in suppositories in term pregnant women with premature rupture of amniotic membranes and unfavorable cervix
Authors: Granstrom Lena , Ekman Gunvor , Ulmsten Ulf
Published: November 2007

Sixty‐one term pregnant women, 29 nulliparous (Group A) and 32 multiparous (Group B) with unfavorable cervix and premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) were given 3 mg PGE2 in suppository form for cervical ripening and labor induction. Five hours after starting the treatment, 12 women of the 29 in Group A and 21 of the 31 in Group B had a favorable cervix and established labor. The remaining 17 nulliparae and 11 multiparae still had an unfavorable cervix and were then given another PGE2 suppository. Until the next morning, i.e. within 24 h, 19 nulliparous and 22 multiparous women gave birth whereas a further 5 nulliparous women who now had favorable cervix but no uterine contractions were delivered after stimulation with intravenous oxytocin. The remaining undelivered women were given another PGE2 suppository. With or without additional oxytocin stimulation, all but 2 multiparous women could be delivered within a further 12 hours. The total number of instrumental deliveries in Group A was 2 caesarean sections due to disproportion (7%) and 5 ventouses. In Group B, 3 caesarean sections (9%) had to be carried out, one due to fetal distress and 2 due to failed induction. From the results of this study we conclude that vaginal application of 3 mg PGE2 in suppository form can be used to induce labor in patients with PROM and unripe cervix. However, when the results are compared with those obtained in previous studies after application of PGE2 in gel, the latter technique seems preferable.
Oxytocin‐ or Low‐Dose Prostaglandin F2α‐Infusion for Stimulation of Labor After Primary Rupture of Membranes: A prospective, randomized trial
Authors: Møller M. , Thomsen A. C. , Sørensen J. , Forman A.
Published: November 2007

One hundred consecutive women with singleton pregnancies and primary rupture of membranes (PROM) after 36 weeks of gestation were included in a prospective, randomized trial of intravenous infusion of oxytocin (up to 30 mIU/min) versus low‐dose prostaglandin F2α(PGF2αup to 6.0 μg/min). Cesarean section was performed in 12 patients because of suspected disproportion or intra‐uterine asphyxia. Effective contractions or labor progress failed to become established within 8 hours in another 4 women stimulated with PGF2α and 2 stimulated by oxytocin. The stimulation delivery time (hours) for the remaining 82 women treated with PGF2α or oxytocin, respectively was 8.7 against 12.1 for initial Bishop score <5 (p<0.01), (Mann‐Whitney test), 7.2 vs. 7.1 for Bishop score 5–8 and 5.7 vs. 4.2 for Bishop score >8. Patients with initial Bishop score <5 seemed to need analgetics less often when treated with PGF2α than with oxytocin. Frequencies of side effects and instrumental deliveries as well as the fetal outcome were similar for the two treatment schedules. The results of the study suggest that low‐dose PGF2α infusion may be the more appropriate treatment for women with an unfavorable initial Bishop score.
Fertility Following Ectopic Pregnancy with Special Reference to Previous USE of an Intra‐Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD)
Authors: Sandvei Roar , Ulstein Magnar , Wollen Anne‐Lone
Published: November 2007

A group of 304 women operated on for ectopic regnancy were followed up with respect to subsequent re‐roductive performance. The group was distributed into urrent users, earlier users and non‐users of an intra‐uterine ontraceptive device (IUCD). Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility were more common among non IUCD sers. Reproductive performance was statistically signifi‐antly better in ever‐users of an IUCD than in never‐users, ‘he proportions of women wishing to become pregnant and’ ho later gave birth to a live baby in the three groups were 9.2%, 61.4% and 38.0% respectively.
Reduced Rate Of Postoperative Infections In Emergency Cesarean Section After Two Doses Of Cefuroxim Perioperatively: A Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Hägglund Leif , Christensen Karen Kvist , Christensen Paul , Weström Lars , Lngemarsson Ingemar
Published: November 2007

The rate of postoperative infections after cesarean section was studied in a prospective double‐blind randomized study to compare cefuroxim with a placebo. Intravenous bolus injections were given at the beginning of, and 12h after the operation. Eighty patients received cefuroxim and 80 received placebo. Endometritis or wound infection, or both, was diagnosed in 2/80 (2.5%) patients receiving cefuroxim and in 23/80 (29%) patients receiving placebo. No side effects were demonstrated or reported by the patients. Thus, two bolus injections of 1.5 g of cefuroxim given peri‐operatively significantly reduced postoperative infectious morbidity after emergency cesarean section.
Placental Proteins 12 And 14 In Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Howell R. J. S. , Economides D. , Teisner B. , Farkas A. G. , Chard T.
Published: November 2007

The concentrations of circulating placental protein 12 (PP12) and placental protein 14 (PP14) were measured in 41 patients with pre‐eclampsia and in 17 control subjects. The levels of PP12 were significantly elevated in patients with severe pre‐eclampsia, whereas PP14 levels were unaffected. There was a negative correlation between the levels of both PP12 and PP14 and birthweight. PP12 and PP14 appear therefore to have different control mechanisms and, possibly, different cellular origins within the decidua.
Antibody To Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Detected Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Flam Folke , Lundström Viveca
Published: November 2007

Persistently elevated levels of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in women call for a tumor investigation, if pregnancy can be ruled out. We present a case of increased hCG concentrations for 11/2 years. Radiolabelled antibody directed against the hCG molecule indicated the source of production to be a choriocarcinoma. The patient was cured by multiagent chemotherapy.
Hydropic Degeneration Resembling Hydatidiform Mole in Tubal Pregnancy
Authors: Pschera Helmut
Published: November 2007

This report concerns one case of tubal pregnancy in which the initial PAD indicated a hydatidiform mole. However, re‐examination revealed histologically marked hydropic degeneration. This implication emphasizes the complexity of histopathologi‐cal examination of placental tissue.
Extramedullary Solitary Plasmocytoma at the Uterine Cervix as a Cause of Postcoital Bleeding
Authors: Johansen Birger , Ahlbom GÖRan , østergård Birthe
Published: November 2007

A 34‐year‐old woman with postcoital bleeding due to an extra‐medullary solitary plasrnocytoma at the uterine cervix is presented. The condition is very rare‐only 4 cases have been described in the literature. The patient was treated with conization, and no sign of local recurrence or generalized disease appeared during a 3‐year follow‐up period.
Maternal Deaths Related To Cesarean Section In Sweden, 1951–1980
Authors: Högberg Ulf
Published: November 2007

During the years 1951–1980 the cesarean section rate in Sweden increased from 1.7% to 11%. In connection with this procedure 103 maternal deaths were reported, of which 49% were related to age as risk factor. The overall fatality rate declined from 5.1 to 0.4 per 1,000 operations; cesarean section mortality decreased from 8.6 to 4.4 per 100,000 births. The altered age distribution amongst the parturients contributed to a decrease of 17% in mortality. Half of the deaths were attributed to the surgical procedure. During the 1970s these complications constituted a six‐fold risk increase of abdominal over vaginal delivery, and complications attributed to the surgical procedure of abdominal delivery comprised 19% of the maternal mortality during the same period.
Intravenous Infusion Of 15 Methyl‐Prostaglandin F2α (Prostinfenem®) In Women With Heavy Post‐Partum Hemorrhage
Authors: Granström Lena , Ekman Gunvor , Ulmsten Ulf
Published: November 2007

Post‐partum hemorrhage is a serious complication in obstetric practice. The aim of this study was to investigate, in vivo, the effects of 15 methyl‐prostaglandin F2α (Prostinfenem®, Upjohn, Sweden) on uterine activity and hemorrhage. Twenty‐seven women were included in the study and, in accordance with our clinical routine, all were given oxytocin (10 IE Syntocinon®) intramuscularly immediately after delivery. In cases of heavy bleeding and signs of uterine atony, ethylergometrine (0.2 mg Methergin®) and oxytocin (40 i. e. Syntocinon® in 500 ml, 5.5% glucose) were administered intravenously. If this therapy failed, the woman was given an intravenous infusion of 15‐methyl‐prostaglandin F2α (0.25 mg Prostinfenom®, in 500 ml, 5.5% glucose). Myometrial activity was quantitated in 5 women by a micro‐transducer introduced into the uterine cavity. The treatment resulted in a contracted uterus and cessation of bleeding within 12.5 min (mean). The intra‐uterine pressure registered a prompt effect regarding both amplitude and frequency of uterine contractions.
Human Placental Lactogenic Hormone As A Parameter For Placental Function In Renal Transplanted Women
Authors: Klebe Joachim G. , Marushak Andre , Bock Johannes
Published: November 2007

In 13 pregnant women with renal transplants the serum concentration of placental hormones were determined in order to show their ability to predict fetal problems especially placental insufficiency. It is shown that the hPL values were increased because of reduced elimination of hPL, presumably in the renal tubuli. In this study the weight of only one newborn was over the 50th percentile in spite of the fact that all but one had hPL values over the 50th percentile and in even 8 pregnancies the values were over the 95th percentile. In most of the growth‐retarded fetus's the ratio between hPL and the weight of the newborns was more complex.

It is concluded that in renal transplantated pregnant women, hPL as a parameter for the placental function must be used with reservation and is not able to predict placental insufficiency.
Urodynamic And Radiologic Parameters Before And After Loop Surgery For Recurrent Urinary Stress Incontinence
Authors: Enzelsberger H. , Schatten Ch. , Kurz Ch. , Fitzal P.
Published: November 2007

In recent years, accurate preoperative diagnosis has been increasingly emphasized as an important therapeutic aspect of urinary incontinence in women. Forty patients suffering from recurrent stress incontinence underwent a dura‐sling operation, i.e. loop surgery. The mean period od incontinence complaints prior to secondary surgery was 2.6 years. Follow‐up urodynamic parameters revealed a slight improvement in urethral closure pressure (UCP) as well as significant improvement in functional urethral length and depression quotient. Radiologic investigations before and after sling surgery demonstrated good morphological results (angle β). One year after surgery, 85% of the women had both clinical and urodynamic continence. Mediumterm micturation complaints, however, have to be accepted in some of the patients.
Ovulatlon Inhibitors Containing Cyproterone Acetate Or Desogestrel In The Treatment Of Hyperandrogenic Symptoms
Authors: Erkkola R. , Hirvonen E. , Luikku J. , Lumme R. , Männikkö H. , Avdinlik S.
Published: November 2007

An open, randomized, multicenter study was carried out to compare two oral contraceptives as regards their therapeutic efficacy in androgenization symptoms such as acne, seborrhea and hirsutism in women. The preparations used were the combination of 2 mg cyproterone acetate (CPA) with 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) (Diane35®, Schering AG, Berlin‐West) and 0.150 mg desogestrel (DG) with 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol (Marvelon®, Organon, Oss, The Netherlands).

The duration of therapy was 9 months. The combination of CPA‐EE was used by 83 patients for 658 cycles and the combination of DG‐EE by 79 women for 618 cycles. No pregnancy occurred under either therapy. Both preparations are well tolerated. However, some side‐effects, such as reduced libido, nervousness and breast tenderness, were observed more frequently (p < 0.05) in the DG‐EE group than among the users of the CPA‐EE Combination. The therapeutic outcome was better in the CPA‐EE group, especially in cases of facial acne (p<0.05). Seborrheic symptoms also responded better to the CPA‐EE therapy.

The results show that the CPA‐EE combination is superior to the DG‐EE combination in the treatment of acne and seborrhoea.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation for in Vitro Fertilization Preceded by Prolonged Administration of a Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Agonist
Authors: Tanbo Tom , Dale Per Olav , åbyholm Thomas
Published: November 2007

In 51 patients, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with clomiphene citrate (CC)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), or hMG only, in 102 IVF cycles had previously resulted in a cancellation rate of 52% and no pregnancies. In 54 subsequent cycles the women were treated with prolonged administration of a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) followed by hMG stimulation, the GnRHa group. the results were compared with the outcome of 47 cycles in patients who came for their first IVF attempt. In this group a CC/hMG regimen was used, the CC/hMG group. In the GnRHa group, 17 pregnancies were achieved, compared with 10 in the CC/hMG group. Only four cycles were cancelled in the GnRHa group, vis‐à‐vis 13 in the CC/hMG group, a significant difference. the study showed that prolonged use of GnRHa as a preparatory treatment is effective following previous failures of IVF.
Intraoperative evaluation of prognostic factors in stage I endometrial cancer by frozen section: how reliable?
Authors: Zorlu C. Gurkan , Kuscu Esra , Ergun Yusuf , Aydogdu Tugrul , Cobanoglu Omer , Erdas Orhan
Published: November 2007

The incidence of pelvic/paraaortic lymph node metastases is related to the grade of the tumor, the depth of myometrial invasion and the cervical involvement. These prognostic factors determine the initial surgery. Intraoperative evaluation and frozen section (FS) have been used for this purpose in order to identify patients requiring pelvic/paraaortic lymphad‐enectomy and adjuvant therapy, thereby eliminating routine lymphadenectomy with its complications. We used frozen section for this purpose and identified accurately 90% of patients requiring pelvic/paraaortic lymphadenectomy. The depth of myometrial invasion was accurately predicted in 90.6% and histologic grade in 91.9% of the patients; however, 60% of patients with cervical involvement were identified by FS. We recommend the use of frozen section as an inexpensive, simple and accurate way of estimating the poor prognostic factors.
Childbirth after post partum cardiac insufficiency treated with cardiac transplant
Authors: And Jerker Liljestrand , Lindström Bengt
Published: November 2007

A case of pregnancy and childbirth after cardiac transplantation because of previous post partum cardiomyopathy is described. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cyclosporine was maintained during pregnancy. Apart from increased extrasystolic beats and sensitivity to infection the pregnancy was uneventful. One year after birth the infant developed cardiomyopathy.
Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in perimenopausal women
Authors: Ushiroyama Takahisa , Okamoto Yoshiaki , Sugimoto Osamu
Published: November 2007

Hyperlipidemia is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. We studied plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels with a survey of endocrine changes in the perimenopausal Japanese women.

Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased with age, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol level fell slightly. The rise in triglyceride and low density lipoprotein levels were particularly more marked just before the onset of the menopause. It might be important that the rapid rise of triglyceride and low density lipoprotein levels at about the menopause age was associated with a decline of estrogen levels. The percentage of hyperlipidemia in the perimenopausal women who showed total cholesterol level exceeding 5.7 mmol/1 (220 mg/dl) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol level exceeding 3.9 mmol/1 (150 mg/dl) were 31.9% and 27.2%, respectively.

It was concluded that we need to recognize relatively high incidence of hyperlipidemia in perimenopausal period, and need to pay careful attention to plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels for prevention of coronary heart disease in perimenopausal women.
Uterine rupture with the use of a low‐dose vaginal PGE2 tablet
Authors: Azem Foad , Jaffa Ariel , Lessing Joseph B. , Peyser M. Reuben
Published: November 2007

Background. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal tablets, suppositories and gel are increasingly being used for the induction of labor. Ease of administration and supervision are their greatest advantage, while hyperstimulation and rupture of the uterus are the main risks. Case. A 26‐year‐old woman, gravida 5, para 2, with no history of cesarean section, was induced at 40 weeks' normal gestation, because of mild pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Haif a tablet (1.5 mg) of PGE2 was inserted into the cervix. Three hours later, tetanic uterine contractions started. In a precipitated labor she delivered a female weighing 3,250 gr, about 20 minutes after the appearance of uterine contractions. Severe post partum hemorrhage occurred, and examination disclosed an isthmical uterine rupture. Subtotal hysterectomy was performed at laparotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion. The use of PGE2 should be of concern in multiparous patients, or those with scarred uteri. This case highlights the risk of even a small dose of PGE2 administered into the cervix.
Technology use, cesarean section rates, and perinatal mortality at Danish maternity wards
Authors: Lidegaard Øjvind , Jensen Lars Meinert , Weber Tom
Published: November 2007

Fifty‐eight Danish maternity units, managing 99% of Danish deliveries, participated in a cross sectional study to assess the relationship between use of birth‐related technologies, cesarean section rates and perinatal mortality for births after 35 completed weeks of gestation. A regional technology index (0‐10) was calculated for each maternity unit according to its use of ante and intra partum fetal heart rate monitoring (FHM), hormone analysis (human placental lactogen (HPL) and/or estriol (Ø3)), fetal blood samples (scalp‐pH), intrauterine catheter and umbilical cord‐pH. Maternity units using FHM had a 15% higher cesarean section rate (not planned) than units not using FHM (p<0.05). The referral of potentially complicated deliveries to central units, which at the same time relatively often use FHM, is probably responsible for this association. Trying to encounter this selection bias a technology index was calculated for eight regions in Denmark, weighting the index of each unit in a region according to its number of deliveries. There was no association between the technology index in these eight regions in Denmark and their cesarean section rates. Use of FHM, technology index, and unplanned cesarean section rates in the eight regions were all without significant association to the perinatal mortality in the same regions. For births after the 35th completed week of gestation, this study could not confirm a relationship between different degrees of use of birth‐related technologies and perinatal mortality.