bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El hormigón críptico de l’Église de Sainte Bernadette du Banlay en Nevers (1963-1966): Claude Parent y Paul Virilio
Authors: Moreno Moreno Maria Pura , Solano Rojo Montserrat
Published: April 2019

En la arquitectura francesa de la segunda mitad del s.XX, la reivindicación de planeamientos urbanos, críticos con los fundamentos de la Carta de Atenas, apareció ligada a las exploraciones espaciales de la psicología de la Gestalt. El patrimonio de maestros como A. Perret y Le Corbusier respecto al empleo del hormigón como material fetiche de la modernidad, se complementó con propuestas de arquitectos como Claude Parent que buscaron la revalorización de sus propiedades expresivas en lo visual y lo táctil, y de sus implicaciones sensoriales referidas al desequilibrio en el habitar. Este artículo analizará la L’Église de Sainte Bernadette du Banlay en Nevers (1963-1966), construida por C. Parent bajo los criterios de “La Function Oblique” del grupo Architecture Principe, y sujeta a las características de la arquitectura de los búnkeres del Muro del Atlántico investigada por uno de sus integrantes: el filósofo urbanista Paul Virilio. Parámetros referidos al emplazamiento, la circulación, la función, el espacio y la construcción integral en hormigón permitirán averiguar si la doctrina de lo oblicuo obligada, en este caso, a cumplir una función religiosa o, la materialidad asimilada de los bunkers, respondió en su aleación a una coherente concepción y construcción espacial. 
La pertinencia, el territorio y el tiempo
Authors: Abalos-Ramos Ana , Llopis Fernández Pablo
Published: April 2019

Si algo define la obra de Barclay&Crousse diríamos que es la pertinencia. Esta afirmación podría ser el resultado de una primera mirada que se topa con la energía y la solidez que transmiten sus proyectos. Una energía firmemente unida al territorio y al clima, y una solidez profundamente anclada en la cultura y la tradición. 

Tras esa primera mirada, queda el análisis detenido de sus obras, sus dibujos, sus maquetas, para constatar tras él que su arquitectura es de todo menos arbitraria. Como si hubieran sido guiados por fuerzas ocultas nunca muy explícitas trabajan obstinadamente conectados con el contexto peruano; un contexto complejo tanto por sus condiciones geográficas como por sus condiciones socioeconómicas, que asumen y entienden con una actitud no enjuiciadora que les permite operar de forma consciente con las posibilidades reales de las que disponen.
Aulario Piura
Authors: ARCHITECTURE Barclay & Crousse
Published: April 2019

La aproximación al proyecto tuvo como objetivo el crear una atmósfera del aprendizaje, más que el proponer una forma o tipo arquitectónico. Pensamos que la configuración de “pabellón” no responde más a los nuevos paisajes educativos, por lo que una nueva aproximación al programa era necesaria. Dos consideraciones son sus detonantes: los lugares del nuevo aprendizaje, privilegiando los encuentros informales y estimulando el estudio y el intercambio de conocimientos fuera de las aulas. La segunda es el propiciar el confort de esos espacios en el clima de Piura: soleado, caluroso y seco durante todo el año, con ligeras brisas provenientes del Sur.
Uma metodologia multiobjetivo e multicritério para avaliação de desempenho de sistemas de drenagem urbana
Authors: Mendonça Eduardo Concesso , De Souza Marco Antonio Almeida
Published: April 2019

O objetivo foi desenvolver uma metodologia para avaliação do desempenho de sistemas de drenagem urbana. Foram selecionados dezesseis critérios classificados em seis dimensões (legal, econômica, ambiental, social, sustentabilidade, técnica). Os métodos multiobjetivo selecionados foram ELECTRE-TRI e TOPSIS. As categorias utilizadas para definir desempenho foram “excelente”, “muito boa”, “boa”, “regular”, “ruim” e “muito ruim”. Para verificação, a metodologia foi aplicada a três cenários de um sistema de drenagem urbana existente. O Cenário-I era uma rede de drenagem convencional. O Cenário-II acrescentou duas bacias de detenção ao Cenário-I, e o Cenário-III incluiu micro reservatórios em cada lote urbano. O método ELECTRE-TRI indicou desempenhos regular, muito bom e excelente para os cenários I, II e III, respectivamente. Pelo método TOPSIS, o Cenário-I foi classificado como bom, enquanto o Cenário-II e o Cenário-III foram classificados como muito-bons. Esses resultados foram consistentes e confirmaram a expectativa pelo uso de melhores práticas de manejo de águas pluviais.
Seguridad hídrica en México: diagnóstico general y desafíos principales
Authors: Martínez Austria Polioptro Fortunato , Díaz-Delgado Carlos , Moeller-Chavez Gabriela
Published: April 2019

La seguridad hídrica debe ser el objetivo estratégico de la política del agua en México. Es respecto de este principio normativo que debe evaluarse la situación actual de los recursos hídricos, en calidad y cantidad, así como de la gestión del agua en práctica. En este texto se elabora un diagnóstico general de la seguridad hídrica en México, así como de los retos que enfrenta ahora y en el futuro cercano. Se analiza la disponibilidad y escasez con un enfoque territorial, así como la condición de los acuíferos, la calidad del agua superficial y subterránea y los usos del agua. Se abordan los principales desafíos para la seguridad hídrica y las tendencias en las fuerzas modeladoras más relevantes. Para atender la problemática descrita, se proponen acciones específicas y, como conclusión general, la necesidad de una reforma del agua en México.
Modelización numérica 3D de la erosión local a la salida de obras de drenaje transversal
Authors: Cortés Buitrago Raúl , Galán Álvaro , Díaz Sarai
Published: April 2019

Las Obras de Drenaje Transversal (ODTs), frecuentes en obras lineales para recomponer la red natural de drenaje interceptada por ellas, deben ser capaces no solo de drenar el agua de su cuenca sino también de controlar la erosión local en sus inmediaciones debido a las fuertes avenidas. Su funcionamiento hidráulico y en consecuencia su poder erosivo vienen determinados por la magnitud del caudal circulante, que depende del entorno, y por las características geométricas y constructivas de la ODT. Si la erosión local no se controla de forma adecuada, puede llegar incluso a afectar a la seguridad de las infraestructuras lineales. Este trabajo muestra la calibración de un modelo numérico en el software FLOW-3D, de tal manera que se reproducen los resultados más importantes en cuanto a erosión local se refiere del modelo físico de una obra de drenaje transversal. Este estudio puede servir de base para el análisis de diversas situaciones y medidas de protección. Los resultados numéricos, aun tratándose la erosión local de un problema altamente no lineal y tridimensional, muestran una buena aproximación a las medidas realizadas en el modelo físico.
Análisis del comportamiento de una red colectiva de riego considerando la programación de riego en parcela
Authors: Lima Francisco Aldiel , Córcoles Juan Ignacio , Tarjuelo Jose Maria , Martinez Romero Angel
Published: April 2019

El objetivo del trabajo es implementar una herramienta de simulación para la gestión de una red colectiva de riego, que minimice el coste energético en la estación de bombeo. La metodología propuesta ha sido aplicada en el año 2015 a una red de riego de 550 ha en Castilla–La Mancha para dos manejos de la presión en cabecera (fijo o variable), según el conjunto de tomas abiertas y su localización en la red. La herramienta simula el comportamiento de la red utilizando EPANET® partiendo de la programación de riegos de los cultivos del conjunto de parcelas abastecidas por la red utilizando el modelo MOPECO. Los resultados indican que la simplicidad de la gestión de la red con altura de presión fija hace que este sistema sea más interesante que con altura variable, a pesar del ligero incremento de consumo de energía que conlleva, inferior al 2% en los casos analizados.
Sistemas BGB y BSC (1949-56). Las viviendas prefabricadas de Antonio Bonet
Authors: Torres-Dorado Salud María , Añó-Abajas Rosa María
Published: April 2019

As a result of Antonio Bonet’s first experiences with prefabrication, and his interest in geometry and the modulation of space, during his Argentinian stage in the 1950s, he developed two trials of totally industrialised serial dwellings. The BGB and BSC Systems, were two constructive models of comprehensive prefabrication that Bonet designed as possible technical solutions to the housing problems, and with which he attempted to improve the middle-of-the-road construction, between the traditional and the standardised. Without losing their references, contextualised within their production, and within the international debate around housing industrialisation, both systems were designed from the habitable space and from its tectonics, surpassing the technical or the constructive, to give rise to the quality of the architectural object. Contemplated as generalizable prototypes, Bonet designed a single-family house in the case of the BGB System, and a block of houses for a neighbourhood unit in the BSC System. In spite of the difference of scale, both prototypes considered the complete prefabrication of the house by means of perfectly modulated elements that would allow variations, and which would resolve the small interior scale of the furniture, the structure or the envelope.
Characterization of aerosol growth events over Ellesmere Island during the summers of 2015 and 2016
Authors: Tremblay Samantha , Picard Jean-Christophe , Bachelder Jill O. , Lutsch Erik , Strong Kimberly , Fogal Pierre , Leaitch W. Richard , Sharma Sangeeta , Kolonjari Felicia , Cox Christopher J. , Chang Rachel Y.-W. , Hayes Patrick L.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The occurrence of frequent aerosol nucleation and growth events in the Arctic
during summertime may impact the region's climate through increasing the
number of cloud condensation nuclei in the Arctic atmosphere. Measurements of
aerosol size distributions and aerosol composition were taken during the
summers of 2015 and 2016 at Eureka and Alert on Ellesmere Island in Nunavut,
Canada. These results provide a better understanding of the frequency and
spatial extent of elevated Aitken mode aerosol concentrations as well as of
the composition and sources of aerosol mass during particle growth. Frequent
appearances of small particles followed by growth occurred throughout the
summer. These particle growth events were observed beginning in June with the
melting of the sea ice rather than with the polar sunrise, which strongly
suggests that influence from the marine boundary layer was the primary cause
of the events. Correlated particle growth events at the two sites, separated
by 480 km, indicate conditions existing over large scales play a key role in
determining the timing and the characteristics of the events. In addition, aerosol mass spectrometry measurements were used to analyze the
size-resolved chemical composition of aerosols during two selected growth
events. It was found that particles with diameters between 50 and 80 nm
(physical diameter) during these growth events were predominately organic
with only a small sulfate contribution. The oxidation of the organics also
changed with particle size, with the fraction of organic acids increasing
with diameter from 80 to 400 nm. The growth events at Eureka were observed most often when the temperature
inversion between the sea and the measurement site (at 610 m a.s.l.) was
non-existent or weak, presumably creating conditions with low aerosol
condensation sink and allowing fresh marine emissions to be mixed upward to
the observatory's altitude. While the nature of the gaseous precursors
responsible for the growth events is still poorly understood, oxidation of
dimethyl sulfide alone to produce particle-phase sulfate or
methanesulfonic acid was inconsistent with the measured aerosol composition,
suggesting the importance of other gas-phase organic compounds condensing for
particle growth.
Heuristic estimation of low-level cloud fraction over the globe based on a decoupling parameterization
Authors: Park Sungsu , Shin Jihoon
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Based on the decoupling parameterization of the cloud-topped planetary
boundary layer, a simple equation is derived to compute the inversion height.
In combination with the lifting condensation level and the amount of water
vapor in near-surface air, we propose a low-level cloud suppression parameter
(LCS) and estimated low-level cloud fraction (ELF), as new proxies for the
analysis of the spatiotemporal variation of the global low-level cloud amount
(LCA). Individual surface and upper-air observations are used to compute LCS
and ELF as well as lower-tropospheric stability (LTS), estimated inversion
strength (EIS), and estimated cloud-top entrainment index (ECTEI), three
proxies for LCA that have been widely used in previous studies. The
spatiotemporal correlations between these proxies and surface-observed LCA
were analyzed. Over the subtropical marine stratocumulus deck, both LTS and EIS
diagnose seasonal–interannual variations of LCA well. However, their use as a global
proxy for LCA is limited due to their weaker and inconsistent relationship
with LCA over land. EIS is anti-correlated with the decoupling strength more
strongly than it is correlated with the inversion strength. Compared with LTS
and EIS, ELF and LCS better diagnose temporal variations of LCA, not only
over the marine stratocumulus deck but also in other regions. However, all
proxies have a weakness in diagnosing interannual variations of LCA in
several subtropical stratocumulus decks. In the analysis using all data, ELF
achieves the best performance in diagnosing spatiotemporal variation of LCA,
explaining about 60 % of the spatial–seasonal–interannual variance of the
seasonal LCA over the globe, which is a much larger percentage than those
explained by LTS (2 %) and EIS (4 %). Our study implies that accurate prediction of inversion base height and
lifting condensation level is a key factor necessary for successful
simulation of global low-level clouds in general circulation models (GCMs).
Strong spatiotemporal correlation between ELF (or LCS) and LCA identified in
our study can be used to evaluate the performance of GCMs, identify the
source of inaccurate simulation of LCA, and better understand climate
sensitivity.
Severe winter haze days in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1985–2017 and the roles of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological parameters
Authors: Dang Ruijun , Liao Hong
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We applied a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the variations in the frequency and intensity in severe winter haze days (SWHDs) in BTH from 1985–2017 and quantified the roles of changes in anthropogenic emissions and/or meteorological parameters. Comparisons between the simulated SWHDs and those obtained from the observed PM2.5 concentrations and atmospheric visibility showed that the model can capture the spatial and temporal variations of SWHDs in China; the correlation coefficient between the simulated and observed SWHDs is 0.98 at 161 grids in China. From 1985–2017, with changes in both anthropogenic emissions and meteorological parameters, the simulated frequency (total severe haze days in winter) and intensity (PM2.5 concentration averaged over severe haze days in winter) of SWHDs in BTH showed increasing trends of 4.5 days decade−1 and 13.7 μg m−3 decade−1, respectively. The simulated frequency exhibited fluctuations from 1985–2017, with a sudden decrease from 1992–2001 (29 days to 10 days) and a rapid growth from 2003–2012 (16 days to 47 days). The sensitivity simulations indicated that variations in meteorological parameters played a dominant role during 1992–2001, while variations in both emissions and meteorological parameters were important for the simulated frequency trend during 2003–2012 (simulated trends were 27.3 days decade−1 and 12.5 days decade−1 owing to changes in emissions alone and changes in meteorology alone, respectively). The simulated intensity showed a steady increase from 1985–2017, which was driven by changes in both emissions and meteorology. The results of this study have important implications for the control of SWHDs in BTH.
Low terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum: constraints from multi-proxy data
Authors: Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Battaglia Gianna , Cartapanis Olivier , Jaccard Samuel L. , Joos Fortunat
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Past changes in the inventory of carbon stored in vegetation and
soils remain uncertain. Earlier studies inferred the increase in the land
carbon inventory (Δland) between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and
the preindustrial period (PI) based on marine and atmospheric stable carbon
isotope reconstructions, with recent estimates yielding 300–400 GtC.
Surprisingly, however, earlier studies considered a mass balance for the
ocean–atmosphere–land biosphere system only. Notably, these studies neglect
carbon exchange with marine sediments, weathering–burial flux imbalances, and
the influence of the transient deglacial reorganization on the isotopic
budgets. We show this simplification to significantly reduce Δland in
simulations using the Bern3D Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity
v.2.0s. We constrain Δland to ∼850 GtC (median estimate;
450 to 1250 GtC ±1SD) by using reconstructed changes in
atmospheric δ13C, marine δ13C, deep Pacific
carbonate ion concentration, and atmospheric CO2 as observational
targets in a Monte Carlo ensemble with half a million members. It is highly
unlikely that the land carbon inventory was larger at LGM than PI.
Sensitivities of the target variables to changes in individual deglacial
carbon cycle processes are established from transient factorial simulations
with the Bern3D model. These are used in the Monte Carlo ensemble and provide
forcing–response relationships for future model–model and model–data
comparisons. Our study demonstrates the importance of ocean–sediment
interactions and burial as well as weathering fluxes involving marine organic
matter to explain deglacial change and suggests a major upward revision of
earlier isotope-based estimates of Δland.
A likelihood framework for deterministic hydrological models and the importance of non-stationary autocorrelation
Authors: Ammann Lorenz , Fenicia Fabrizio , Reichert Peter
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The widespread application of deterministic hydrological models in research and practice calls for suitable methods to describe their uncertainty. The errors of those models are often heteroscedastic, non-Gaussian and correlated due to the memory effect of errors in state variables. Still, residual error models are usually highly simplified, often neglecting some of the mentioned characteristics. This is partly because general approaches to account for all of those characteristics are lacking, and partly because the benefits of more complex error models in terms of achieving better predictions are unclear. For example, the joint inference of autocorrelation of errors and hydrological model parameters has been shown to lead to poor predictions. This study presents a framework for likelihood functions for deterministic hydrological models that considers correlated errors and allows for an arbitrary probability distribution of observed streamflow. The choice of this distribution reflects prior knowledge about non-normality of the errors. The framework was used to evaluate increasingly complex error models with data of varying temporal resolution (daily to hourly) in two catchments. We found that (1) the joint inference of hydrological and error model parameters leads to poor predictions when conventional error models with stationary correlation are used, which confirms previous studies; (2) the quality of these predictions worsens with higher temporal resolution of the data; (3) accounting for a non-stationary autocorrelation of the errors, i.e. allowing it to vary between wet and dry periods, largely alleviates the observed problems; and (4) accounting for autocorrelation leads to more realistic model output, as shown by signatures such as the flashiness index. Overall, this study contributes to a better description of residual errors of deterministic hydrological models.
Modeling experiments on seasonal lake ice mass and energy balance in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: a case study
Authors: Huang Wenfeng , Cheng Bin , Zhang Jinrong , Zhang Zheng , Vihma Timo , Li Zhijun , Niu Fujun
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The lake-rich Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has
significant impacts on regional and global water cycles and monsoon systems
through heat and water vapor exchange. The lake–atmosphere interactions have
been quantified over open-water periods, yet little is known about the lake
ice thermodynamics and heat and mass balance during the ice-covered season
due to a lack of field data. In this study, a high-resolution thermodynamic
ice model was applied in experiments of lake ice evolution and energy balance
of a shallow lake in the QTP. Basal growth and melt dominated the seasonal
evolution of lake ice, but surface sublimation was also crucial for ice loss,
accounting for up to 40 % of the maximum ice thickness. Sublimation was
also responsible for 41 % of the lake water loss during the ice-covered
period. Simulation results matched the observations well with respect to ice
mass balance components, ice thickness, and ice temperature. Strong solar
radiation, negative air temperature, low air moisture, and prevailing strong
winds were the major driving forces controlling the seasonal ice mass
balance. The energy balance was estimated at the ice surface and bottom, and
within the ice interior and under-ice water. Particularly, almost all heat
fluxes showed significant diurnal variations including incoming, absorbed,
and penetrated solar radiation, long-wave radiation, turbulent air–ice heat
fluxes, and basal ice–water heat fluxes. The calculated ice surface
temperature indicated that the atmospheric boundary layer stratification was
consistently stable or neutral throughout the ice-covered period. The
turbulent air–ice heat fluxes and the net heat gain by the lake were much
lower than those during the open-water period.
Spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge in a sandstone aquifer in a semiarid region
Authors: Manna Ferdinando , Murray Steven , Abbey Daron , Martin Paul , Cherry John , Parker Beth
Published: April 2019

Abstract. With the aim to understand the spatial and temporal variability of
groundwater recharge, a high-resolution, spatially distributed numerical
model (MIKE SHE) representing surface water and groundwater was used to
simulate responses to precipitation in a 2.16 km2 upland catchment on
fractured sandstone near Los Angeles, California. Exceptionally high
temporal and spatial resolution was used for this catchment modeling: hourly
climate data, a 20 m×20 m grid in the horizontal plane, and 240 numerical
layers distributed vertically within the thick vadose zone and in the upper
part of the groundwater zone. The finest practical spatial and temporal
resolutions were selected to accommodate the large degree of surface and
subsurface variability of catchment features. Physical property values for
the different lithologies were assigned based on previous on-site
investigations, whereas the parameters controlling streamflow and
evapotranspiration were derived from calibration to continuous streamflow at
the outfall and to average hydraulic heads from 17 wells. Confidence in the
calibrated model was enhanced by validation through (i) comparison of
simulated average recharge to estimates based on the applications of the
chloride mass-balance method to data from the groundwater and vadose zones
within and beyond the catchment, (ii) comparison of the water isotope
signature (18O and 2H) in shallow groundwater to the variability
of isotope signatures for precipitation events over an annual cycle, and
(iii) comparison of simulated recharge time series and observed fluctuation
of water levels. The average simulated recharge across the catchment for the
period 1995–2014 is 16 mm yr−1 (4 % of the average annual
precipitation), which is consistent with previous estimates obtained by
using the chloride mass balance method (4.2 % of the average
precipitation). However, one of the most unexpected results was that local
recharge was simulated to vary from 0 to >1000 mm yr−1 due
to episodic precipitation and overland runoff effects. This recharge occurs
episodically with the major flux events at the bottom of the
evapotranspiration zone, as simulated by MIKE SHE and confirmed by the
isotope signatures, occurring only at the end of the rainy season. This is
the first study that combines MIKE SHE simulations with the analysis of
water isotopes in groundwater and rainfall to determine the timing of
recharge in a sedimentary bedrock aquifer in a semiarid region. The study
advances the understanding of recharge and unsaturated flow processes and
enhances our ability to predict the effects of surface and subsurface
features on recharge rates. This is crucial in highly heterogeneous
contaminated sites because different contaminant source areas have widely
varying recharge and, hence, groundwater fluxes impacting their mobility.
El Crimen Organizado Transnacional (COT) en América del Sur. Respuestas regionales
Authors: Riquelme-Rivera Jorge , Salinas-Cañas Sergio , Franco-Severino Pablo
Published: April 2019

Considerando las tendencias que expresa el panorama de la seguridad internacional, así como las que expresa la integración regional en América del Sur, el presente trabajo pretende analizar el desarrollo del Crimen Organizado Transnacional (COT) en esta región y las respuestas que han elaborado los países, en el marco de los procesos de integración en marcha. Con este fin, el artículo pone un especial énfasis en las iniciativas que se han llevado a cabo en la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR), donde últimamente destaca la propuesta ecuatoriana de establecer una Corte Penal Sudamericana.
Malay Epic and Historiography Literature Students’ Perception Towards Interactive Online Interaction
Authors: Muhammad Salmah J. N. , Puteh Che N. C. , Rahim Normaliza Abd
Published: April 2019

Technology is a need among modern community that ensures new knowledge and can be shared and utilized together. In teaching and learning, technology usage can be considered as a tool that can improve students’ cognitive, psychomotor and effective, also can interconnect with each other. Without technology, the learning world can be classified as a backward era. Therefore, through the interactive connection, learning can be more interesting and effective. Thus, the effectiveness of students’ needs will be measured either interactive connection that attracts students’ interest or vice-versa. Therefore, the objectives of the study are to determine the response towards online teaching interactive, also to analize and summarize UPM students online interactive connection by using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This research applied online questionnaire by using the Monkey Survey website. About 94 Univeriti Putra Malaysia students from BBK 3311 Malay Epic and Historiography Literature course were choosen as research samples. The results of the study showed that majority of the samples are satisfied with the technology interactive method that had been introduced in this subject through Putramooc Malay Art platform. It is hoped that this research can help to identify the technology interactive connection through the most dominant multimedia and can be applied by the parties involved.
Examining the Prediction Role of Spiritual Intelligence and Gender in Moral Reasoning
Authors: Alkiyumi Mohammed , Alferisi Saja
Published: April 2019

The prediction role of spiritual intelligence in moral reasoning is studied in a sample of 249 students (124 males, 125 females), from 11th grade of government schools in Wilayat Alsuwaiq, in North Albatinah region in the Sultanate of Oman. Gibbs et al., (1984) inventory is used to measure moral reasoning, and King (2008) inventory is used to measure spiritual intelligence. The findings indicate that spiritual intelligence and gender predict moral reasoning, while spiritual intelligence contributes significantly to the total score of moral reasoning as opposed to gender which does not. In addition, moral reasoning does not differ significantly by gender, whereas spiritual intelligence does. Future research is needed to investigate different factors that may have an effect on students’ moral reasoning.
The Degree of Using Technology Tools by Adolescent and Its Effect on Them from Parents’ Point of View
Authors: Arabiyat Rand B. , Al-nasraween Mo’en S. , Abusneine Odeh A, h , Maharmeh Lina M. , Shogran Rami I.
Published: April 2019

This study aimed at investigating the degree of using technology tools by adolescent and its effect on them from their parent point of view, the study sample consisted from (370) parent whom were chosen by simple random way, a questionnaire was used consisting of four dimension. After assuring its reliability and validity it was conducted on the study sample, results showed that the degree of using technology tools by adolescent from their parent point of view was high, Results showed no statistically significant differences attributed to parent gender or scientific qualification in their estimation of using technology tools by adolescent. Finally the study recommended watching adolescent while using technology tools and determining time for using technology tools.
Safeguarding the Information Systems in an Organization through Different Technologies, Policies, and Actions
Authors: Alkahtani Hend K.
Published: April 2019

Background: Information system use has substantially increased among the organization based on its effective integration of the resources and improved performance. The increasing reliance on the information system serves as a great security threat for the firms. Objective: The study intends to evaluate the security of the information system in the organization located in the region of Saudi Arabia, concerning the user’s awareness level. Methods: The quantitative design of the study is adopted which uses the survey approach. A close-ended questionnaire is used for evaluating the awareness level among the individuals. A total of 109 participants (males and females) in the Saudi Company were recruited for the study. Results: Despite the implementation of the policy, employees were unaware of it. The study highlights that the development of the firm’s information security policy requires the firm to make employees aware of the significance of the information security. Conclusion: The study concludes that the organization needs to educate the workforce of the information security policy and develop their necessary understanding of the information security system. This allows the employees to identify and report security threats and risks which helps in the improvement of information security awareness.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 11, No. 5
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: April 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019.
Microstructural Characterization of Antimony Modified Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Barnabas Abel. A. , Oyetunji Akinlabi , Seidu S. O.
Published: April 2019

In this research, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was conducted on the produced antimony modified carbidic austempered ductile iron for agricultural implement production. Six different alloys of carbidic austempered ductile iron with varying micro quantities of antimony elements were produced. The produced alloys were heated to austenitic temperature of 910oC, held at this temperature for 1 hour, finally subjected to austempering temperatures of 300°C and 325°C for periods of 1-3 hours. The SEM in conjunction with XRD and EDS was used for the analysis. Microstructural phase morphology, phase constituents and phase compositions were viewed with SEM, XRD and EDS respectively. The results show that various phases such as spiky graphite, blocky carbides, granular carbide, pearlite and ausferrite matrix. The XRD pattern revealed some compounds such as (Fe, Cr)3C, (primary carbide), Cr6C23 (few secondary carbide), (NiFe2O4), chromite (FeCr2O4), Cr7C3 (few eutectic carbide) and Cr3Ni2. In conclusion, it was observed in terms of morphology that chunky graphite, blocky carbide and pearlite phases were present in the cast carbidic ductile iron (CDI) without antimony addition. The CDI with varying quantities of antimony additions shows spiky graphite, granular carbides and pearlite matrix. After the samples were subjected to austempering processes, all the phases were found to be intact except the pearlite phase that transformed to ausferrite phase. The antimony element in the alloys was seen to promote the formation of pearlite phase intensively. The hardness of the samples increases as the antimony addition increases from 0.096wt.% to 0.288wt.% owing to the increase in pearlite phase, while the impact toughness reaches relatively high level, when 0.288wt.% antimony was added, probably due to the refinement of graphite nodules. All the results obtained showed that appropriate content of antimony addition plays an important role in increasing the nucleation rate of graphite nodules, and also lead to improvement in carbide formation thereby providing good balance between wear and impact properties.
Arabic Text Classification: A Review
Authors: Mohammad Adel Hamdan
Published: April 2019

Text classification is an important topic. The number of electronic documents available on line is massive. Text classification aims to classify documents into a set of predefined categories.  Number of researches conducted on English dataset is great in comparison with number of researches done using Arabic dataset. This research could be considered as reference for most researchers who deal with Arabic dataset. This research used the most well-known algorithms used in text classification with Arabic dataset. Besides that, dataset used in this research is large enough in comparison with most dataset for Arabic language used in other researches. In addition, this research used different selections and weighting methods for documents. I expect that all researchers who would write researches using Arabic dataset will find this work helpful. Algorithms used in this research are naïve Bayesian, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, k- nearest neighbors, C4.5 decision tree and rocchio classifier.
Rapid Oncological Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: Specific Facility Experience
Authors: Sokołowski Rafał , Rząd Michał , Zaręba Agnieszka , Cierniak Szczepan , Jahnz-Różyk Karina
Published: April 2019

Introduction: In order to improve diagnosis procedure by public health service, an organizational solution called Rapid Oncological Therapy has been introduced. The introduction of this program caused criticism of the medical community, and state control authorities showed irregularities in its functioning in medical clinics. Its aim was to assess this process among lung cancer patients hospitalized in the Clinic for 9 months. Material and methods: After the analysis of imaging tests, the patients were qualified for invasive tests (bronchoscopy, EBUS). Patients with histopathological diagnosis of NSCLC were subjected to molecular diagnostics. After completing the diagnosis and establishing the final diagnosis, the patient's forfeiture was presented at the clinical meeting. Results: The analysis involved 209 patients who had a DILO card issued. 156 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer and qualified for the consulate. Among the histopathological types, NSCLC dominated—80%. SCLC was 17% of the types. By the decision made on medical case conference, 135 patients have been qualified for casual treatment, among others 12% surgical treatment; 47% chemotherapy, 18% radiotherapy; 8% chemo-radiotherapy. An average waiting time for diagnosis process to begin, after DILO card has been issued was 16.33 (±18.78) days, an average hospitalization and diagnosis time was 9.16 (±6.61) days. Around 31.3 (±14.93) days on average have passed from the start of diagnostical hospitalization until beginning of the causal treatment. Conclusions: In a multi-specialist center, it is possible to develop a care model for lung cancer patients, consistent with Rapid Oncological Diagnosis.
CT Imaging Features of Thin-Walled Cavitary Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Opoka Lucyna , Szturmowicz Monika , Oniszh Karina , Korzybski Damian , Podgajny Zbigniew , Błasińska-Przerwa Katarzyna , Szołkowska Małgorzata , Bestry Iwona
Published: April 2019

Primary lung cancer manifesting as a thin-walled solitary cavity, occurs relatively infrequently. The most common histologic type presenting such a pattern is squamous cell cancer, followed by adenocarcinoma, and finally—large cell cancer. Cavitation is typically not seen in small cell lung cancer. Entities indicating malignancy of such lesions include irregular cystic wall, wall nodule formation, nodular septa or increased standard uptake on positron emission tomography (PET). We are presenting a case of a squamous cell lung cancer manifesting on chest CT as a thin-walled septated cavity with irregular margins mimicking a cyst. The lesion was reported unchanged in a follow-up computed tomography after 3 months. A follow-up scan obtained 2 years after initial examination showed thickening of a cyst wall, solid structures within its lumen and thoracic lymph nodes enlargement.
Fatores determinantes para a sucessão familiar em estabelecimentos rurais da Região Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Kruger Silvana Dalmutt , Silva Maísa Aparecida Lemes da , Mores Giana De Vargas , Petri Sérgio Murilo
Published: April 2019

Esta pesquisa buscou identificar fatores determinantes para o processo de sucessão familiar em estabelecimentos rurais da região Oeste de Santa Catarina. O levantamento de dados contou com a aplicação de questionário a 200 respondentes dos estabelecimentos rurais dos municípios de Caxambu do Sul, Guatambu e Planalto Alegre. Em relação às características dos estabelecimentos, 80% possuem até 50 hectares e 23% já passaram pelo processo de sucessão familiar. Os resultados apontam os principais determinantes para o processo: rendimento financeiro das atividades rurais, oportunidade de crescimento e de rentabilidade dos negócios, recursos oferecidos pelo governo para subsidiar investimentos. A pesquisa evidenciou a importância dos rendimentos financeiros das atividades rurais, visando garantir renda satisfatória para a permanência dos jovens no meio rural e facilitar o processo de sucessão familiar.
Diferentes abordagens analíticas para estudos de mercados da pecuária
Authors: Matte Alessandra
Published: April 2019

Diante da multiplicidade de formas em que os mercados podem estar organizados, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar de forma sistematizada diferentes abordagens utilizadas para compreender as dinâmicas e o funcionamento dos mercados agropecuários, reconhecendo as contribuições das distintas escolas, como também algumas de suas fragilidades. Assim, foram selecionadas escolas e abordagens que pudessem ser interessantes para estudo mais específico de mercados pecuários no Sul do Brasil, de modo que fossem perspectivas que levassem em consideração aspectos sociais e econômicos. As constatações apresentadas nos põem diante da evidência de que aspectos econômicos, sociais e culturais compõem os elementos que orientam as trocas, e que distintas abordagens podem apontar para maneiras diferenciadas de entendê-las. Em síntese, essa revisão permitiu optar pelo uso da Teoria das Convenções, mostrando-se apropriada a considerar a diversidade de formas de mercados, não apenas entre organizações, mas dentro de uma organização. Assim, as convenções representam a convergência por trás da ação nos mercados, assinalando que há princípios e valorações comuns entre os atores, constituídos por referências em comum que norteiam essas interpretações.
Estratégias Quilombolas: segmentaridade e dissenso na política étnica maranhense
Authors: Sousa Igor Thiago Silva de
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as formas de garantia de direitos territoriais às chamadas “comunidades remanescentes de quilombos” no Maranhão através de seus segmentos organizados. Como primeiro segmento temos a ACONERUQ (Associação das Comunidades Negras Rurais Quilombolas), que surge em 1997, funcionando como um “fórum de representação das comunidades quilombolas”. Por sua vez, os caminhos políticos e estratégias de intervenção na garantia de direitos territoriais não são unitários, apresentando-se de forma multifacetada e sob diferentes visões sobre os caminhos de interface frente o Estado, o que coloca em questão a unidade política da desta entidade e culmina com a eclosão do MOQUIBOM (Movimento Quilombola do Maranhão) em meados de 2010, apontando divergências nas formas de ação política dos quilombolas. Estes polos organizados têm entre si estratégias diferenciadas e certos antagonismos públicos, o que coloca em pauta as percepções políticas das organizações quilombolas, que politizam seus laços comunitários e práticas a partir de entendimentos, formas de mobilização e parcerias políticas diferentes entre si.
Os desafios da produção agroecológica e da construção de uma estratégia de mercado de circuito curto através da entrega domiciliar de produtos
Authors: Balem Tatiana Aparecida , Alves Ethyene De Oliveira , Schmeling Guilherme Dos Santos
Published: April 2019

Atualmente a busca por uma alimentação saudável tem deixado de ser um ato cogitativo para se tornar uma prática. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é abordar as percepções dos consumidores e de uma família agricultora em transição agroecológica, que utiliza a entrega de cestas domiciliares como alternativa do mercado de circuito curto. A pesquisa realizou-se a partir de uma visita a propriedade e entrevista com a família produtora, a onze consumidores e a um extensionista rural. Através da pesquisa foi possível considerar que: a entrega domiciliar atinge um grupo de consumidores reflexivos; a relação neste mercado é fortalecida pela confiança e troca de saberes; esse modelo de mercado possui potencial expansivo, pois há demanda crescente de alimentos orgânicos e consumidores que preferem a entrega domiciliar. Contudo, ainda há espaço de aprendizado nessa relação de produção e consumo, pois a experiência mostra que há desafios a serem superados, tais como: organização do mercado de circuito curto, assistência técnica e aprendizados necessários tanto para os agricultores quanto para os consumidores.
El uso de la cámara oculta en el periodismo de investigación: una certeza y una incógnita
Authors: Magdaleno Alegría Antonio
Published: April 2019

La posición del Tribunal Constitucional sobre la utilización de la cámara oculta como método de investigación periodístico es clara y taxativa, se trata de una práctica constitucionalmente prohibida. Sin embargo, su posición es polémica. Así, un nutrido grupo de profesionales de la información considera que su prohibición hace imposible el periodismo de investigación y, por tanto, resulta nociva para el funcionamiento del sistema democrático en tanto que se impide que la opinión pública tenga conocimiento de hechos de indudable transcendencia pública como, por ejemplo, supuestos de corrupción política o casos de abuso de poder. La discusión se ha reabierto como consecuencia de que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos ha admitido la utilización de la cámara oculta. En concreto, el citado tribunal permite su uso con determinadas condiciones como, por ejemplo, evitar la identificación de los sujetos grabados. Sin embargo, se suscita la crucial cuestión de si existe algún caso donde resulte admisible la identificación de los sujetos grabados mediantecámara oculta.
Problems
Authors: Phelps Stephen
Published: April 2019

A monthly set of problems targets a variety of ability levels.
Designing for Voice and Agency
Authors: Speranzo Laurie , Tillema Erik
Published: April 2019

Specific teacher moves and lesson planning can facilitate student empowerment in the middle school classroom.
Tissue-specific evaluation of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Young Alexander P , Landry Carmen F , Jackson Daniel J , Wyeth Russell C
Published: April 2019

Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a robust technique for the quantification and comparison of gene expression across multiple tissues. To obtain reliable results, one or more reference genes must be employed to normalize expression measurements among treatments or tissue samples. Candidate reference genes must be validated to ensure that they are stable prior to use in qPCR experiments. The pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) is a common research organism, particularly in the areas of learning and memory, and is an emerging target for qPCR experimentation. However, no systematic assessment of reference genes has been performed in this animal. Therefore, the aim of our research was to identify stable reference genes to normalize gene expression data from a variety of tissues in L. stagnalis. We evaluated a panel of seven reference genes across six different tissues in L. stagnalis with RT-qPCR. The genes included: elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta-actin (ACTB), beta-tubulin (TUBB), ubiquitin (UBI), prenylated rab acceptor protein 1 (Rapac1), and a voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC). These genes exhibited a wide range of expression levels among tissues. The stability of each of the genes was consistent when measured by any of the standard stability assessment algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. Our data indicate that GAPDH and EF1α are highly stable in the tissues that we examined (central nervous system, tentacles, lips, penis, foot, mantle) as well as in pooled analyses. We do not recommend VGKC for use in RT-qPCR experiments due to its relatively low expression stability. Our results were generally congruent with those obtained from similar studies in other molluscs. Given that a minimum of two reference genes are recommended for data normalization, we suggest GAPDH and EF1α are a strong option for multi-tissue analyses of RT-qPCR data in Lymnaea stagnalis.