bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PIN6 auxin transporter at endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane mediates auxin homeostasis and organogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Simon Sibu , Skůpa Petr , Viaene Tom , Zwiewka Marta , Tejos Ricardo , Klíma Petr , Čarná Mária , Rolčík Jakub , De Rycke Riet , Moreno Ignacio , Dobrev Petre I. , Orellana Ariel , Zažímalová Eva , Friml Jiří
Published: May 2016

Plant development mediated by the phytohormone auxin depends on tightly controlled cellular auxin levels at its target tissue that are largely established by intercellular and intracellular auxin transport mediated by PIN auxin transporters. Among the eight members of the Arabidopsis PIN family, PIN6 is the least characterized candidate.

In this study we generated functional, fluorescent protein‐tagged PIN6 proteins and performed comprehensive analysis of their subcellular localization and also performed a detailed functional characterization of PIN6 and its developmental roles.

The localization study of PIN6 revealed a dual localization at the plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transport and metabolic profiling assays in cultured cells and Arabidopsis strongly suggest that PIN6 mediates both auxin transport across the PM and intracellular auxin homeostasis, including the regulation of free auxin and auxin conjugates levels. As evidenced by the loss‐ and gain‐of‐function analysis, the complex function of PIN6 in auxin transport and homeostasis is required for auxin distribution during lateral and adventitious root organogenesis and for progression of these developmental processes.

These results illustrate a unique position of PIN6 within the family of PIN auxin transporters and further add complexity to the developmentally crucial process of auxin transport.
Organ specificity in the plant circadian system is explained by different light inputs to the shoot and root clocks
Authors: Bordage Simon , Sullivan Stuart , Laird Janet , Millar Andrew J. , Nimmo Hugh G.
Published: May 2016

Circadian clocks allow the temporal compartmentalization of biological processes. In Arabidopsis, circadian rhythms display organ specificity but the underlying molecular causes have not been identified. We investigated the mechanisms responsible for the similarities and differences between the clocks of mature shoots and roots in constant conditions and in light : dark cycles.

We developed an imaging system to monitor clock gene expression in shoots and light‐ or dark‐grown roots, modified a recent mathematical model of the Arabidopsis clock and used this to simulate our new data.

We showed that the shoot and root circadian clocks have different rhythmic properties (period and amplitude) and respond differently to light quality. The root clock was entrained by direct exposure to low‐intensity light, even in antiphase to the illumination of shoots. Differences between the clocks were more pronounced in conditions where light was present than in constant darkness, and persisted in the presence of sucrose. We simulated the data successfully by modifying those parameters of a clock model that are related to light inputs.

We conclude that differences and similarities between the shoot and root clocks can largely be explained by organ‐specific light inputs. This provides mechanistic insight into the developing field of organ‐specific clocks.
N‐glycan containing a core α1,3‐fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Harmoko Rikno , Yoo Jae Yong , Ko Ki Seong , Ramasamy Nirmal Kumar , Hwang Bo Young , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Ho Soo , Lee Kyung Jin , Oh Doo‐Byoung , Kim Dool‐Yi , Lee Sanghun , Li Yang , Lee Sang Yeol , Lee Kyun Oh
Published: May 2016

In plants, α1,3‐fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP‐fucose to asparagine‐linked GlcNAc of the N‐glycan core in the medial Golgi. To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct‐1 and fuct‐2) with loss of FucT function.

Biochemical analyses of the N‐glycan structure confirmed that α1,3‐fucose is missing from the N‐glycans of allelic fuct‐1 and fuct‐2. Compared with the wild‐type cv Kitaake, fuct‐1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. The mutant allele fuct‐2 gave rise to similar developmental abnormalities, although they were milder than those of fuct‐1.

Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct‐1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. Both fuct‐1 and fuct‐2 plants exhibited reduced gravitropic responses. Expression of the genes involved in tiller and leaf angle control was also affected in the mutants.

We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct‐1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle.
The emerging threat of superwarfarins: history, detection, mechanisms, and countermeasures
Authors: Feinstein Douglas L. , Akpa Belinda S. , Ayee Manuela A. , Boullerne Anne I. , Braun David , Brodsky Sergey V. , Gidalevitz David , Hauck Zane , Kalinin Sergey , Kowal Kathy , Kuzmenko Ivan , Lis Kinga , Marangoni Natalia , Martynowycz Michael W. , Rubinstein Israel , van Breemen Richard , Ware Kyle , Weinberg Guy
Published: May 2016

Superwarfarins were developed following the emergence of warfarin resistance in rodents. Compared to warfarin, superwarfarins have much longer half‐lives and stronger affinity to vitamin K epoxide reductase and therefore can cause death in warfarin‐resistant rodents. By the mid‐1970s, the superwarfarins brodifacoum and difenacoum were the most widely used rodenticides throughout the world. Unfortunately, increased use was accompanied by a rise in accidental poisonings, reaching >16,000 per year in the United States. Risk of exposure has become a concern since large quantities, up to hundreds of kilograms of rodent bait, are applied by aerial dispersion over regions with rodent infestations. Reports of intentional use of superwarfarins in civilian and military scenarios raise the specter of larger incidents or mass casualties. Unlike warfarin overdose, for which 1–2 days of treatment with vitamin K is effective, treatment of superwarfarin poisoning with vitamin K is limited by extremely high cost and can require daily treatment for a year or longer. Furthermore, superwarfarins have actions that are independent of their anticoagulant effects, including both vitamin K–dependent and –independent effects, which are not mitigated by vitamin K therapy. In this review, we summarize superwarfarin development, biology and pathophysiology, their threat as weapons, and possible therapeutic approaches.
Role of heme in bromine‐induced lung injury
Authors: Lam Adam , Vetal Nilam , Matalon Sadis , Aggarwal Saurabh
Published: May 2016

Bromine (Br2) gas inhalation poses an environmental and occupational hazard resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In this review, we underline the acute lung pathology (within 24 h of exposure) and potential therapeutic interventions that may be utilized to mitigate Br2‐induced human toxicity. We discuss our latest published data, which suggest that an increase in heme‐dependent tissue injury underlies the pathogenesis of Br2 toxicity. Our study was based on previous findings that demonstrated that Br2 upregulates the heme‐degrading enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), which converts toxic heme into bilverdin. Interestingly, following Br2 inhalation, heme levels were indeed elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, plasma, and whole lung tissue in C57BL/6 mice. High heme levels correlated with increased lung oxidative stress, lung inflammation, respiratory acidosis, lung edema, higher airway resistance, and mortality. However, therapeutic reduction of heme levels, by either scavenging with hemopexin or degradation by HO‐1, improved lung function and survival. Therefore, heme attenuation may prove a useful adjuvant therapy to treat patients after Br2 exposure.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome Occurring in a Patient with Gorlin Syndrome
Authors: Mull Jamie L. , Madden Lisa M. , Bayliss Susan J.
Published: May 2016

We report a case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) occurring in an African American boy with Gorlin syndrome with a novel PTCH1 mutation. Before developing MDS, the patient had been treated with chemotherapy and radiation for a medulloblastoma. He received a bone marrow transplant for the MDS and eventually died of treatment complications. Secondary hematologic malignancies are a known complication of certain chemotherapeutics, although whether a patient with Gorlin syndrome has a greater propensity for the development of such malignancies is unclear.
The CSI Effect, DNA Discourse, and Popular Crime Dramas*
Authors: Rhineberger‐Dunn Gayle , Briggs Steven J. , Rader Nicole E.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Missing from the literature is an assessment of how forensic evidence, particularly DNA evidence, is portrayed across several fictional crime dramas, rather than just one drama, namely, CSI. The purpose of this article is to explore how DNA evidence is presented in four fictional crime dramas, the context in which it is discussed, and the impact DNA has on case clearance in these fictional dramas.

Methods

We drew a systematic sample by taking every fourth episode within each of four crime shows: CSI (Las Vegas), Law & Order: SVU, Criminal Minds, and Without a Trace. Transcripts were created for the 117 included episodes. We used both qualitative and quantitative content analyses to analyze the discourse of DNA within these crime drama episodes.

Results

Our results indicate that police and forensic dramas both contain frequent references to DNA, while FBI dramas rarely discuss DNA, at least in any meaningful context. Additionally, DNA is not used to solve a majority of fictional victimizations in these dramas.

Conclusions

These results also provide context for future research on the CSI effect, particularly in terms of measuring crime show viewership variables.
Does Asthma Impair Wealth Accumulation or Does Wealth Protect Against Asthma?*
Authors: Zagorsky Jay L. , Smith Patricia K.
Published: May 2016

Objective

We investigate the association between adult asthma and wealth, testing whether the disease impairs wealth accumulation (social selection model) or if wealth protects against asthma (social causation model).

Methods

We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 7,644) and linear and logistic regressions to estimate the association between wealth and asthma. Changes in relative wealth following an asthma diagnosis and asthma status by increases in wealth through inheritance provide evidence on the causal direction.

Results

Asthma, particularly severe asthma, is associated with lower wealth. Wealth ranking does not change after a diagnosis of asthma, but inheriting a substantial sum is associated with a lower risk of severe asthma.

Conclusion

Wealth appears to protect against severe asthma, supporting the social causation model of disease.
The Standardized World Income Inequality Database*
Authors: Solt Frederick
Published: May 2016

Objective

Since 2008, the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) has provided income inequality data that seek to maximize comparability while providing the broadest possible coverage of countries and years. This article describes the current SWIID's construction, highlighting differences from its original version, and reevaluates the SWIID's utility to cross‐national income inequality research in light of recently available alternatives.

Methods

Coverage of inequality data sets is assessed across country‐years; comparability is evaluated in terms of success in predicting the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), recognized in the field as the gold standard in comparability, before those data are released.

Results

The SWIID offers coverage double that of the next largest income inequality data set, and its record of comparability is three to eight times better than those of alternate data sets.

Conclusions

As its coverage and comparability far exceed those of the alternatives, the SWIID remains better suited for broadly cross‐national research on income inequality than other available sources.
Explaining State Differences in the Implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: A South/Non‐South Comparison*
Authors: Travis Rick , Morris John C. , Mayer Martin , Kenter Robert , Breaux David A.
Published: May 2016

Objective

The passage of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 has been one of the most hotly debated policy issues in recent memory. Southern state politicians seem particularly opposed to the law, but data suggest that citizens of southern states would benefit from the law. This article explores the choices made by states in terms of their acceptance and implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Healthcare Act (PPACA).

Methods

Employing standard explanators of state policy choices, coupled with common indicators of public health, we examine a cross‐sectional, 50‐state regression model to determine whether southern states are different from other states in their policy choices in this arena.

Results

We find that southern state choices are driven by control of the governor's mansion, while other factors drive non‐South state choices.

Conclusion

Our findings lend support to the notion of southern distinctiveness—southern states are driven more by politics, while non‐South states are driven more by state circumstances.
Motivated Reasoning, Accuracy, and Updating in Perceptions of Bush's Legacy*
Authors: Meirick Patrick C.
Published: May 2016

Objective

This study sets out to examine the roles of party identification, political knowledge, education, and media use in citizens’ perceptions of changes in the economy, federal deficit, poverty, and crime rates between 2001 and 2008. It also tests the predictions of motivated reasoning versus Bayesian updating in seeing how (or if) perceptions of the economy changed as conditions worsened during 2008.

Method

This research used American National Election Studies (ANES) panel data in creating regression analyses for perceptions in January and November 2008, with the former as a control for the latter. A repeated‐measures analysis of variance tracked changes in partisans’ perceptions of the economy during the year.

Results

Partisanship was a robust predictor of perceptions. Political knowledge and education tended to promote perceptions that were in the same direction as actual trends, but political knowledge interacted with party identification to promote partisan polarization in perceptions. Television news exposure was the most important media variable, although it promoted pessimism on all trends. As economic conditions worsened throughout 2008, partisans’ perceptions of the economy converged, suggesting that citizens, especially Republicans, updated their perceptions.

Conclusion

The findings for partisanship and its interaction with political knowledge are consistent with the motivated reasoning literature, but the emergence of a bipartisan consensus about the worsening of the economy by the end of 2008 supports Bayesian updating, although it may take pretty undeniable facts for it to work.
Race and Right‐Wing Authoritarianism: How Scoring High in Authoritarianism Does Not Necessarily Lead to Support for Right‐Wing Candidates*
Authors: Dusso Aaron
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Authoritarianism has a long history suggesting that it is primarily a phenomenon of the right. However, I argue that this has led to scholars overlooking the potential that, in some contexts, authoritarianism can lead to support for left‐wing candidates. African‐American voters in the United States provide such a context. A key component of right‐wing authoritarianism is that individuals will support whom they believe to be their rightful leader. In the United States, who one believes to be their group's rightful leader is contingent on the race of the voter and the party of the candidate. I hypothesize that as African‐American voters' level of authoritarianism increases, they will be more likely to support the left‐wing Democratic candidate.

Methods

I test this hypothesis with a national sample of voters after the 2012 U.S. presidential election. I estimate multiple logit models predicting the probability of voting for Obama, the key independent variables being respondents' right‐wing authoritarian score, their race, and the interaction of these two variables.

Results

The results present strong support for my hypothesis that an increase in right‐wing authoritarianism increases the probability of African‐American voters choosing Obama.

Conclusion

The results show that the effect of authoritarianism on vote choice is contingent on race/ethnicity. Too often, scholars have overlooked the potential that whom individuals deem to be their established authority is contingent on the political context. These results challenge scholars to provide a more nuanced approach to how authoritarianism influences behavior.
Religiousness and Support for Same‐Sex Marriage: An Endogenous Treatment Approach*
Authors: Yen Steven T. , Zampelli Ernest M.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

The effects of religiosity and sociodemographic characteristics on support for same‐sex marriage (SSM) are estimated.

Methods

An ordered probability model with ordinal endogenous treatment is estimated. Treatment effects of religiosity and marginal effects of other covariates are calculated.

Results

Religiosity reduces the likelihood of SSM support. This impact can be attenuated by educational achievement, Democratic Party affiliation, higher incomes, and greater contact with gays and lesbians. The importance of religion has no differential impact on the marginal effects of other covariates.

Conclusions

We expect the litigation of cases in which gay married couples allege victimization from some form of discrimination, which, in turn, will be defended on the grounds of religious freedom. Religious freedom supporters will come from the intrinsically religious, evangelicals, strong Republicans, and African Americans; same‐sex couples will draw support from those who are more educated, strongly Democratic, and at the higher end of the income distribution.
Juvenile Delinquency and Self‐Sentiments: Exploring a Labeling Theory Proposition*
Authors: Kroska Amy , Lee James Daniel , Carr Nicole T.
Published: May 2016

Objective

According to labeling theory, an official deviance label promotes the development of deviant self‐meanings. Despite the centrality of this hypothesis to the theory, most tests of the hypothesis on juveniles are decades old, fail to control for deviant behavior, and focus only on self‐evaluation, neglecting two of the three dimensions of self‐meaning: self‐potency and self‐activity. Therefore, our objective is to explore this hypothesis in a way that addresses these weaknesses.

Method

We test the hypothesis by examining the relationship between a delinquency adjudication and all three dimensions of self‐meaning while controlling for recent deviant behavior. Our data come from two samples of college students and one sample of youths in an after‐care program for youths who have been adjudicated delinquent.

Results

In line with expectations, a delinquency adjudication is linked with lower self‐evaluation and higher self‐potency. But, contrary to expectations, it is associated with higher feelings of activity.

Conclusion

The findings are consistent with the labeling theory proposition that an official deviance label promotes the development of deviant self‐meanings. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of these findings and outline avenues for future research.
Evolving Opinions: Evidence on Marriage Equality Attitudes from Panel Data*
Authors: Armenia Amy , Troia Bailey
Published: May 2016

Objective

In the wake of a massive shift in public opinion on same‐sex marriage, scholars have examined the factors that predict support of marriage equality. This research, largely from cross‐sectional or trend data, leaves questionable evidence for causality. In this research note, we use newly available panel data to predict attitudes toward marriage equality.

Methods

We use three three‐wave panels of survey data from the General Social Survey (2006–2014) to estimate the effects of both time‐variant and nonvariant characteristics on attitudes toward marriage equality.

Results

Using time‐variant factors, we support prior research, finding evidence for the causal effect of political views and time period on attitudes. Unlike earlier research, we find no significant effect of church attendance or marital or parental status. Among invariant characteristics, we largely support prior research on the effect of demographic characteristics on attitudes.

Conclusion

This analysis underscores the importance of using longitudinal data to support causal inferences and augment cross‐sectional research on political attitudes.
Corneal grafting for the treatment of full‐thickness corneal defects in dogs: a review of 50 cases
Authors: Lacerda Rodrigo P. , Peña Gimenez Maria T. , Laguna Fernando , Costa Daniel , Ríos Jose , Leiva Marta
Published: May 2016

Objective

To describe corneal grafting for the treatment of full‐thickness corneal defects in dogs and to determine its effectiveness in preserving vision.

Methods

A review of the medical records of dogs that underwent corneal grafting following corneal perforations (≥3 mm) at the VTH‐UAB from 2002 to 2012 was carried out.

Results

Fifty dogs of different breed, age and gender were included. Brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented (37/50;74%). All cases were unilateral, with euryblepharon being the most common concurrent ocular abnormality (20/50;40%). Full‐thickness penetrating keratoplasties (FTPK) were performed in 21/50 eyes (42%) and lamellar keratoplasties (LK) in 29/50 eyes (58%). Frozen grafts (FroG) were used in 43/50 eyes (86%) and fresh homologous grafts (FreHoG) in 7/50 (14%). Of the former group, 26 were homologous (FroHoG:60%) and 17 heterologous (FroHeG:40%). A combination of topical medication (antibiotics, corticosteroids, cycloplegics, and 0.2% cyclosporine A) and systemic mycophenolate mofetil was administered. Median follow‐up time was 200 days. Postsurgical complications included wound dehiscence (6/50;12%) and glaucoma (4/50;8%). Clinical signs of graft rejection were diagnosed as follows: FroHoG (13/26;50%), FroHeG (11/17;65%), FreHoG (4/7;57%), FTPK (12/21;57%), and LK (16/29;55%). Medical treatment successfully controlled graft rejection in 11/28 eyes (39%). Good anatomical outcome was achieved in 86% (43/50), of which 95% (41/43) were visual at last examination, with moderate opacification to complete transparency of the graft present in 48.2%.

Conclusions

Corneal grafting is an effective surgical treatment for full‐thickness corneal defects in dogs. If graft rejection is present, additional medical or surgical therapy may be necessary, achieving a highly satisfactory visual outcome.
SIMULATION OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASED ON A SERIES DRIVE TRAIN LAYOUT
Authors: Rahmat Mohd Sabirin , Ahmad Fauzi , Mat Yamin Ahmad Kamal , Tamaldin Noreffendy , Aparow Vimal Rau , Jamaludin Hishamuddin
Published: May 2016

This paper provided a validated modeling and a simulation of a 6 degree freedom vehicle longitudinal model and drive-train component in a series hybrid electric vehicle. The 6-DOF vehicle dynamics model consisted of tire subsystems, permanent magnet synchronous motor which acted as the prime mover coupled with an automatic transmission, hydraulic brake subsystem, battery subsystem, alternator subsystem and internal combustion engine to supply the rotational input to the alternator. A speed and torque tracking control systems of the electric power train were developed to make sure that the power train was able to produce the desired throttle torque in accelerating the vehicle. A human-in-the-loop-simulation was utilized as a mechanism to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid electric vehicle. The proposed simulation was used as the preliminary result in identifying the capability of the vehicle in terms of the maximum speed produced by the vehicle and the capability of the alternator to recharge the battery. Several tests had been done during the simulation, namely sudden acceleration, acceleration and braking test and unbounded motion. The results of the simulation showed that the proposed hybrid electric vehicle can produce a speed of up to 70 km/h with a reasonable charging rate to the battery. The findings from this study can be considered in terms of design, optimization and implementation in a real vehicle.
ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSION OF DIESEL DUAL FUEL ENGINE FUELLED BY BIODIESEL, DIESEL AND NATURAL GAS
Authors: Abdul Majid Zulkifli , Mohsin Rahmat , Shihnan Abdul Hakim
Published: May 2016

The performance and exhaust emission of 6 cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel dual fuel (DDF) engine were investigated, the duel fuel used is corn oil methyl esters consist of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% blends with diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiment was conducted at a fixed compression ratio of 17.5:1 with variance of engine speed 1400, 1800, 2400 and 2600 rpm. Combination of Biodiesel and CNG showed a better result on engine performance in terms of horse power and engine torque compared to other types of tested fuel. The substantial decrease of 25.6 % in exhaust emission flue was observed, giving lower value of UHC and nitrogen oxide (NOx). However, when the fuel is blended with CNG, a poor performance on exhaust emission was recorded, which include carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) due to presence of CNG in fuel.
THE HYDRO PLANING SIMULATION OF FLYING BOAT REMOTE CONTROL MODEL
Authors: Syamsuar S. , Djatmiko E. B. , Erwandi Erwandi , Mujahid A. S. , Subchan Subchan
Published: May 2016

The measurement of unknown model to get the three dimensions of object configuration is by using the laser camera photo tracking. The three dimensions model became from solid drawing on the CATIA software. The CFX ANSYS computational fluid dynamics software is used on the 3D of Flying Boat remote control model full configuration. The rectangular and dihedral configurations of the model have Z forces value during acceleration on the water surface. The pressure distributions hydro planing have a good result also. The speeds on the simulation model are around (0 - 25) knots and Angle of Attack, α = 00.  The downwash effect and vortex could be shown in the CFD results. To verify the simulation data analysis is uses the takeoff flight performance testing data during takeoff of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle “Alap alap” with the same Thrust per Weight ratio around 0.4, such as altitude height, airspeed, Z acceleration and pitch angle data. The hump drag of Flying Boat remote control model and the friction during takeoff of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle have been ignored.
OXIDATION STABILITY OF CASTOR OIL IN SOLVENT EXTRACTION
Authors: Adam Ali Omar Mohamed , Ahmad Zaini Muhammad Abbas , Mohammed Danlami Jibrin
Published: May 2016

The present work aims to investigate the oxidation stability of castor oil obtained via three solvents, namely n-hexane, methanol and petroleum ether. Oxidation test was performed at ambient temperature and 120°C, and the oil was characterized according to its viscosity and acid value at different time intervals. Results show that the n-hexane extract is low in acid value, and exhibits good oxidation stability at ambient condition. For all oil extracts, heating at higher temperature accelerates the oxidation, thus increasing the viscosity and acid value. This behaviour is more pronounced for methanol extract. Although methanol and petroleum ether extracts possess high acid value, the latter reveals a better oxidation resistance at longer heating period compared to the former.
IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL BACTERIAL SPECIES CAPABLE OF DEGRADING DALAPON USING 16S RRNA SEQUENCING
Authors: Hamzehalipour Almaki Javad , Nasiri Rozita , Tet Soon Wong , Huyop Fahrul Zaman
Published: May 2016

2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2DCP) is used as herbicide in agricultural industry and it is one of the halogenated organic compounds distributed widely in the world causing contamination. In this study, a bacterial strain isolated from contaminated soil where halogenated pesticides applied in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and it was named “JHA1”. Bacterium JHA1 was able to utilize 2,2 dichloropropionate 2,2-DCP or (Dalapon) as a source of carbon and energy. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, the isolate showed 87% identity to Terrabacter terrae strain PPLB. The identity score was lower than 98% so that it was suggested to be new organisms that worth for further investigations if it will be proven that this is novel. Therefore, current isolate was designated as Terrabacter terrae JHA1. The isolate grew in the minimal media containing 10 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM and 25 mM of 2,2- DCP as the sole energy and carbon source and the best growth rate was in 20 mM as the optimum concentration of 2,2-DCP while bacterial growth was inhibited in medium with 30 mM 2,2-DCP.
REVIEW IN CLOUD BASED NEXT GENERATION TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
Authors: H. M. Mohamed Khalaf Alla , Babiker Amin , B. M. Amien Magdi , Hamad Mutaz
Published: May 2016

The development of cloud computing technologies is rapidly accelerating the integration of telecommunications services and the Internet, by adopting the cloud model the telecommunications industry can on demand ,organize and apply telecommunication resources as a services .The NGN (Next Generation Network), and IMS (intelligent multimedia subsystem) are essentially developed to provide multimedia services over an all-IP based network, however the full realization of both solutions is still is not reachable and it is still far from being widely deployed specially for the IMS, this is despite the development that has been undergoing for years .The main reasons behind that, is the  increasing demands by consumers, fast evolving access technologies , complexity of implementations to meet these growing demands. Cloud computing as fast evolving IT paradigm can be considered as solution for scalability issue of NGN and IMS which may lead to the full realization of NGN and IMS .This Paper presents literature review on researches and trials on cloud based NGN and IMS.
COMPARISON BETWEEN CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED SPRAY-DIC MODELING FOR DEHYDRATION PROCESS
Authors: Suhari Nadia Nofri Yeni , Alias Norma , Gazy Atheer , Che Teh Che Rahim
Published: May 2016

The work reported here focuses on the controllability expressions in the mathematical modeling of dehydration process of food concentrates in producing powder using spray-DIC (spray-Détente Instantaneé Controlee or spray-instant controlled pressure drop). This paper presents the second-order partial differential equations for mathematical modeling of moisture and heat transfer in spray-DIC process. This paper proposes the enhancement in the simple model of DIC technique with controllability expression to be used in the spray-DIC. The controllability expression in the drying process models gives better results when compared to the models without the controllability expression. The results were computed and shown by MATLAB 2013 with Windows 8 operating systems. The controllability expression in dehydration process model using the spray-DIC drier manage to succesfully control the dehydration process.
SUBSTRATE AND COFACTOR BINDING INTERACTION STUDIES OF GALACTITOL -1- PHOSPHATE 5- DEHYDROGENASE FROM PEPTOCLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
Authors: Razali Siti Aisyah , Sarah Diana Puteri , Shamsir Mohd Shahir , Mahadi Nor Muhammad , Mohd Illias Rosli
Published: May 2016

Tagatose is a high value low calorie sweetener that is used as a sugar substitute in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The production of tagatose requires the conversion of galactitol-1-phosphate to tagatose-6-phosphate by galactitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (PdGPDH). The objective of this work is to study the protein-ligand interaction between PdGPDH and its ligands; galactitol-1-phosphate, Zn2+ and NAD+. Understanding of this mechanism will provide an insight into the possible catalytic events in these domains, thus providing information for potential protein engineering to improve the tagatose production. A 3D model of PdGPDH was constructed to identify the catalytic and coenzyme binding domains. In order to understand the interaction of PdGPDH with its ligands, a docking analysis of PdGPDH-substrate, PdGPDH-Zn2+ and PdGPDH-NAD+ complex was performed using CDOCKER in Discovery Studio 4.0 (DS 4.0). A series of docking events were performed to find the most stable binding interaction for the enzyme and its ligands. This study found that Cys 37, His 58, Glu 59, Glu 142 residues from PdGPDH form an active site pocket similar to known GPDH. A catalytic Zn2+ binding domain and a cofactor NAD+ binding domain with strong hydrogen bonding contacts with the substrate and the cofactor were identified. The binding pockets of the enzyme for galactitol-1-phosphate, NAD+ and Zn2+ has been defined. The stability of PdGPDH with its ligand was verified by utilizing the molecular dynamic simulation of docked complex. The results from this study will assist future mutagenesis study and enzyme modification work to improve the tagatose production.
A DYNAMIC APPROACH OF USING DISPATCHING RULES IN SCHEDULING
Authors: Ali Abuhasel Khaled
Published: May 2016

Manufacturing system in reality has dynamic nature due to certain unexpected events occur in changing environment, which requires rescheduling. This does not mean that every decision is made in real time. Based on the state of the working environment, determining best rule at right time is one of the alternatives.  This study focuses on selecting the dispatching rule that show best performance dynamically both in static and changing environment.  Simulation is carried out by employing genetic algorithm on flow-shop and job-shop scheduling problems to compare the performance of the dispatching rules dynamically. Out of many rules proposed in the past, it has been observed that under certain conditions, the SPT (shortest processing time) performs best in both the environment, when the total processing time of a job is not high relatively.
THE USE OF THE COMBINATION OF FTIR, PYRIDINE ADSORPTION, 27Al AND 29Si MAS NMR TO DETERMINE THE BRÖNSTED AND LEWIS ACIDIC SITES
Authors: Hartanto Djoko , Sin Yuan Lai , Mutia Sari Sestriana , Sugiarso Djarot , Kris Murwarni Irmina , Ersam Taslim , Prasetyoko Didik , Nur Hadi
Published: May 2016

Lewis and Brönsted acidity were studied on ZSM-5 with combination of pyridine adsorption and FTIR vibration, ZSM-5 synthesized using kaolin Bangka Indonesia with an increase in the molar ratio of Si/Al 30-60 without pre-treatment and without organic templates and with seeds silicalite. Interestingly, the intensity of the infrared showed an increase of band vibration pyridine as absorbed Brönsted and Lewis acid sites in a molar ratio increase of Si/Al in ZSM-5, indicating an increase in the number of silanol (Brönsted acid) and deformed silica (Lewis acid) because the amount of Aluminum in ZSM-5 decrease with increase Si/Al but amount acidity increase. 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR analysis was supported by the results of infrared to indicate that all of the aluminum atom is coordinated with their neighbors are the same in ordering the ZSM-5 framework and 27Al MAS NMR showed a sharp peak of all the variations of Si/Al except the Si/Al 30 shows a low peak area. XRD analysis supported that the ZSM-5 structure formed is pure and crystal and a decrease in crystallinity proven for more than Si/Al 50, that defects silica occurs in ZSM-5, this corresponds to the growing number of Lewis acid sites caused by defects silica described the infrared results.
A MICROWAVE LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER BASED ON LADDER MATCHING NETWORK FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ibrahim Abu Bakar , Mohamad Ali Ahmad Zamzuri , Zulkifli Che Zalina
Published: May 2016

This paper present a microwave low noise amplifier based on ladder matching networks for Wireless applications. The designed circuit is simulated with Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Specifically, Low Noise Amplifier which is located at the first block of receiver system, makes it one of the important element in improving signal transmition. From the statement above, this study was aimed to design a microwave low noise amplifier for wireless application that will work at 5.8 GHz using high-performance low noise superHEMT transistor FHX76LP manufactured by Eudyna Technologies. The low noise amplifier (LNA) produced gain of 17.2 dB and noise figure (NF) of 0.914 dB. The input reflection (S11) and output return loss (S22) are -17.8 dB and -19.6 dB respectively. The bandwidth of the amplifier recorded is 1.5 GHz. The input sensitivity is compliant with the IEEE 802.16d standards.
RELAY SELECTION IN MOBILE MULTIHOP RELAY NETWORK
Authors: Mohd Imam Ma’arof Nurul Nazirah , Fisalb Norsheila
Published: May 2016

Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) network is an attractive and low-cost solution for expanding service coverage and enhancing throughput of the conventional single hop network. However, mobility of Mobile Station (MS) in MMR network might lead to performance degradation in terms of Quality of Service (QoS). Selecting an appropriate Relay Station (RS) that can support data transmission for high mobility MS to enhance QoS is one of the challenges in MMR network. The main goal of the work is to develop and enhance relay selection mechanisms that can assure continuous connectivity while ensuring QoS in MMR network using NCTUns simulation tools. The approach is to develop and enhance relay selection that allows cooperative data transmission in transparent relay that guarantees continuous connectivity. The proposed relay selection defined as Co-ReSL depends on weightage of SNR, 𝛼 and weightage of Link Expiration Time (LET), β. The QoS performances of the proposed relay selections are in terms of throughput and average end-to-end (ETE) delay. The findings for Co-ReSL shows that at heavy traffic load, throughput increases up to 5.7% and average ETE delay reduces by 7.5% compared to Movement Aware Greedy Forwarding (MAGF) due to cooperative data transmission in selective links. The proposed relay selection mechanisms can be applied in any high mobility multi-tier cellular network.
IMPLEMENTATION OF WIRELESS MOBILE RFID READER IN REAL WORLD INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Zulkifli Che Zalina , Semunab Siti Norainah , Ibrahim Abu Bakar , Mohd Noor Nursyahida
Published: May 2016

WIBRED is a new embedded system of Wireless Mobile Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Reader is provide an approach of solving the complex tracking system of material flow in manufacturing industry. This new architecture is embedded with active RFID and passive RFID through wireless mesh network (WMN) platform and smart data processing adopted through web based tracking. RFID smart label solutions for cost effective to monitor and control the material flow in real time manner. The proposed architecture will be attached to smart phone with Android operating system using IOIO-OTG for monitoring and controlling warehouse management. WIBRED will scan the multiple of tags on WMN through 2.4GHz Zigbee technology with beyond 200m range on wireless mesh network platform for receive/transmit data indoor from reader to PC wirelessly. In relation to this traceability and accuracy system will become the solutions of a company to considerably decreased picking errors, reduced rework, reduced business risk and control assets and also lower correction costs. It will make the enterprise warehouse management becomes transparent and efficient work.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GENE SELECTION METHODS FOR TISSUES CLASSIFICATION ON LARGE SCALE GENE EXPRESSION DATA
Authors: Ahmad Farzana Kabir
Published: May 2016

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarray technology is the recent invention that provided colossal opportunities to measure a large scale of gene expressions simultaneously. However, interpreting large scale of gene expression data remain a challenging issue due to their innate nature of “high dimensional low sample size”. Microarray data mainly involved thousands of genes, n in a very small size sample, p which complicates the data analysis process. For such a reason, feature selection methods also known as gene selection methods have become apparently need to select significant genes that present the maximum discriminative power between cancerous and normal tissues. Feature selection methods can be structured into three basic factions; a) filter methods; b) wrapper methods and c) embedded methods. Among these methods, filter gene selection methods provide easy way to calculate the informative genes and can simplify reduce the large scale microarray datasets. Although filter based gene selection techniques have been commonly used in analyzing microarray dataset, these techniques have been tested separately in different studies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and compare the effectiveness of these four popular filter gene selection methods namely Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR), Fisher Criterion (FC), Information Gain (IG) and t-Test in selecting informative genes that can distinguish cancer and normal tissues. In this experiment, common classifiers, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to train the selected genes. These gene selection methods are tested on three large scales of gene expression datasets, namely breast cancer dataset, colon dataset, and lung dataset. This study has discovered that IG and SNR are more suitable to be used with SVM. Furthermore, this study has shown SVM performance remained moderately unaffected unless a very small size of genes was selected.
Automated multistructure atlas‐assisted detection of lymph nodes using pelvic MR lymphography in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Debats Oscar A. , Meijs Midas , Litjens Geert J. S. , Huisman Henkjan J.
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To investigate whether atlas‐based anatomical information can improve a fully automated lymph node detection system for pelvic MR lymphography (MRL) images of patients with prostate cancer.

Methods:

Their data set contained MRL images of 240 prostate cancer patients who had an MRL as part of their clinical work‐up between January 2008 and April 2010, with ferumoxtran‐10 as contrast agent. Each MRL consisted of at least a 3D T1‐weighted sequence, a 3D T2*‐weighted sequence, and a FLASH‐3D sequence. The reference standard was created by two expert readers, reading in consensus, who annotated and interactively segmented the lymph nodes in all MRL studies. A total of 5089 lymph nodes were annotated. A fully automated computer‐aided detection (CAD) system was developed to find lymph nodes in the MRL studies. The system incorporates voxel features based on image intensities, the Hessian matrix, and spatial position. After feature calculation, a GentleBoost‐classifier in combination with local maxima detection was used to identify lymph node candidates. Multiatlas based anatomical information was added to the CAD system to assess whether this could improve performance. Using histogram analysis and free‐receiver operating characteristic analysis, this was compared to a strategy where relative position features were used to encode anatomical information.

Results:

Adding atlas‐based anatomical information to the CAD system reduced false positive detections both visually and quantitatively. Median likelihood values of false positives decreased significantly in all annotated anatomical structures. The sensitivity increased from 53% to 70% at 10 false positives per lymph node.

Conclusions:

Adding anatomical information through atlas registration significantly improves an automated lymph node detection system for MRL images.
Time-domain comparisons of power law attenuation in causal and noncausal time-fractional wave equations
Authors: Zhao Xiaofeng , McGough Robert J.
Published: May 2016

The attenuation of ultrasound propagating in human tissue follows a power law with respect to frequency that is modeled by several different causal and noncausal fractional partial differential equations. To demonstrate some of the similarities and differences that are observed in three related time-fractional partial differential equations, time-domain Green's functions are calculated numerically for the power law wave equation, the Szabo wave equation, and for the Caputo wave equation. These Green's functions are evaluated for water with a power law exponent of y = 2, breast with a power law exponent of y = 1.5, and liver with a power law exponent of y = 1.139. Simulation results show that the noncausal features of the numerically calculated time-domain response are only evident very close to the source and that these causal and noncausal time-domain Green's functions converge to the same result away from the source. When noncausal time-domain Green's functions are convolved with a short pulse, no evidence of noncausal behavior remains in the time-domain, which suggests that these causal and noncausal time-fractional models are equally effective for these numerical calculations.
Slim to Win: An Ethnodrama of Three Elite Swimmers’ ‘Presentation of Self’ in Relation to a Dominant Cultural Ideology
Authors: McMahon Jenny , McGannon Kerry R. , Zehntner Chris
Published: May 2016

Ethnodrama combined with Goffman’s ‘presentation of self’ is used to explore three elite swimmers’ ‘presentation of self’ in relation to the dominant ideology of ‘slim to win’. The ‘presentation of self’ of three swimmers is presented and analyzed according to their front stage (e.g., posting of specific images; direct media quotes) and backstage (e.g., an autoethnographic representation) performances. Goffman’s concepts of expressions ‘given’ and ‘given off’ are used to highlight how the ideology comes to be presented to others and whether the swimmer negotiates and/or contests it. As an analysis and representation, ethnodrama affords the opportunity to reveal the extent an athlete may go to to avoid a failing ‘presentation of self’ in relation to ‘slim to win,’ highlighting potential health effects (e.g., physical, emotional).
Identification of a small-molecule ligand that activates the neuropeptide receptor GPR171 and increases food intake
Authors: Wardman Jonathan H. , Gomes Ivone , Bobeck Erin N. , Stockert Jennifer A. , Kapoor Abhijeet , Bisignano Paola , Gupta Achla , Mezei Mihaly , Kumar Sanjai , Filizola Marta , Devi Lakshmi A.
Published: May 2016

Stimulation of the receptor GPR171 with a small-molecule ligand results in hyperphagia and weight gain in mice.
Protein kinase A–dependent phosphorylation stimulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1
Authors: Bullen John W. , Tchernyshyov Irina , Holewinski Ronald J. , DeVine Lauren , Wu Fan , Venkatraman Vidya , Kass David L. , Cole Robert N. , Van Eyk Jennifer , Semenza Gregg L.
Published: May 2016

Activation of PKA in cancer cells or cardiomyocytes results in the increased expression of HIF-1 target genes.
Hydroxylation-independent HIF-1α stabilization through PKA: A new paradigm for hypoxia signaling
Authors: McNamee Eóin N. , Vohwinkel Christine , Eltzschig Holger K.
Published: May 2016

PKA-mediated stimulation and stabilization of HIF-1α may promote adaptive and anti-inflammatory tissue responses.
Papers of note in
Science
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: May 2016

This week’s articles highlight immune tolerance in the intestine, a nuclear mediator of pathogen-induced inflammation, a phosphorylation event critical for mitotic exit, and nuclear calcium release induced by plant symbionts.
Papers of note in
Science Translational Medicine
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: May 2016

This week’s articles describe a role for amyloid-β in innate immunity, insights into breast cancer dormancy, and a microRNA that contributes to heart arrhythmia.
Astrocytes help make memories
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: May 2016

Astrocytes participate in a neuronal circuit in the hippocampus activated by new experiences.