bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pre-vertebrate endodermal origin of calcitonin-producing neuroendocrine cells
Authors: Rees Jenaid M. , Kirk Katie , Gattoni Giacomo , Hockman Dorit , Sleight Victoria A. , Ritter Dylan J. , Benito-Gutierrez Èlia , Knapik Ela W. , Crump J. Gage , Fabian Peter , Gillis J. Andrew
Published: August 2024

Vertebrate calcitonin-producing cells (C-cells) are neuroendocrine cells that secrete the small peptide hormone calcitonin in response to elevated blood calcium levels. Whereas mouse C-cells reside within the thyroid gland and derive from pharyngeal endoderm, avian C-cells are located within ultimobranchial glands and have been reported to derive from the neural crest. We use a comparative cell lineage tracing approach in a range of vertebrate model systems to resolve the ancestral embryonic origin of vertebrate C-cells. We find, contrary to previous studies, that chick C-cells derive from pharyngeal endoderm, with neural crest-derived cells instead contributing to connective tissue intimately associated with C-cells in the ultimobranchial gland. This endodermal origin of C-cells is conserved in a ray-finned bony fish (zebrafish) and a cartilaginous fish (the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea). Furthermore, we discover putative C-cell homologs within the endodermally-derived pharyngeal epithelium of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum, two invertebrate chordates that lack neural crest cells. Our findings point to a conserved endodermal origin of C-cells across vertebrates and to a pre-vertebrate origin of this cell type along the chordate stem.
Mismatches in Health: A Global Analysis of Discrepancies Between Self-Reported and Tested Mobility and Cognition
Authors: Di Lego Vanessa , Spitzer Sonja , Lazarevič Patrick
Published: August 2024

The health of individuals is frequently assessed based on self-reported information derived from surveys. However, self-reports are often inconsistent with their tested equivalents, indicating measurement issues. While discrepancies between self-reported and tested health indicators have been investigated for high-income countries in Europe, little comparative research has been conducted involving other low-income regions. This paper analyses discrepancies between self-reported and tested health limitations across 25 countries from six world regions with different income-levels, cultural backgrounds, institutional settings, and epidemiological trajectories. Using harmonised data from the Gateway to Global Aging, we match self-reported mobility and cognition with their tested equivalent to assess discrepancies at the individual level. Our results suggest that the consistency between these measures is strongly correlated with the Human Development Index, with lower scores of development showing higher discrepancies. Examining patterns by age reveals that self-reports do not accurately reflect the deterioration of health associated with aging – tested health exhibits a pronounced age gradient, whereas self-reported health varies little over the life course, particularly self-reported memory. We find no persistent gender differences in consistency. These discrepancies cast doubt on the reliability of mobility and cognitive self-reports, especially when comparing health across nations with differing development levels.
* This article belongs to a special issue on “Levels and Trends of Health Expectancy: Understanding its Measurement and Estimation Sensitivity”.
Re-diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 1 to maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY 2) in a 26-year-old male: a case report
Authors: Siudek Bartosz , Dróżdż Olgierd , Bińczyk Wiktoria , Lissak Karina , Nowińska Bianka , Brzozowska Patrycja , Wiśniewska Anna
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) encompasses a spectrum of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the most prevalent forms, whereas Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) represents a monogenic subtype, often misdiagnosed due to its phenotypic overlap. This case study highlights a 26-year-old male initially diagnosed with T1DM at age 12, managed with insulin therapy. Upon admission, despite stable glycemic control and preserved C-peptide secretion, genetic testing revealed MODY 2 due to a variant in the GCK gene. Unlike T1DM and T2DM, MODY 2 is characterized by mild, persistent hyperglycemia with a low risk of complications, emphasizing the importance of genetic diagnosis for tailored management and family counseling. This case underscores the critical role of genetic evaluation in accurately diagnosing and managing atypical diabetes presentations.
Hydrogen breath test as a diagnostic tool
Authors: Zozula Natalia , Tomczewska Zuzanna , Rykucka Aleksandra , Wąs Marcin , Latała Aleksandra , Kiełbasa Justyna , Kowalczyk Agata , Bil Katarzyna , Ślesicka Iga , Przestrzelska Magda
Published: August 2024

Introduction and Purpose:
Hydrogen breath tests serve the crucial purpose of evaluating the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, particularly when carbohydrates are not properly absorbed, leading to bacterial overgrowth. These tests are non-invasive, cost-effective, and widely accessible diagnostic tools used to assess various gastrointestinal disorders. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and methodology of Hydrogen breath testing (HBT).
State of knowledge:
The disposal of hydrogen gas is essential for maintaining efficient microbial fermentation processes in the gut. Hydrogenotrophic microbes, including acetogens, methanogenic archaea, and sulfate-reducing bacteria, are responsible for this process. Hydrogen breath tests, conducted with substrates like glucose and lactulose, aid in diagnosing conditions such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), lactose and fructose intolerance, and other carbohydrate absorption disorders. These tests generate a large volume of data, which can be analyzed using data mining techniques to uncover new hypotheses.
Conclusions:
Hydrogen breath tests, using various substrates, are effective in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders such as SIBO and carbohydrate malabsorption. They offer valuable insights into microbial processes in the gut and can inform individualized treatment strategies. However, careful consideration of contraindications and proper test administration protocols is essential for accurate diagnosis and interpretation of results.
Risk assessment of preeclampsia
Authors: Tomczewska Zuzanna , Rykucka Aleksandra , Zozula Natalia , Wąs Marcin , Kiełbasa Justyna , Kowalczyk Agata , Bil Katarzyna , Ślesicka Iga , Latała Aleksandra , Przestrzelska Magda
Published: August 2024

Introduction and purpose:
Preeclampsia (PE) is a complication during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) and signs of organ involvement appearing after 20 weeks’ of gestation. Various factors are known to increase the risk of this condition as well as clinical factors. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and not fully understood.
State of Knowledge:
The main roles play two angiogenic factors: soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), which is an antiangiogenic protein, and placental growth factor (PlGF), which is a pro-angiogenic protein. Elevated sFlt-1 and reduced PlGF levels in the mother’s blood can predict the future development of preeclampsia during pregnancy. The imbalance between these two angiogenic biomarkers indicates de new-onset preeclampsia, distinct from chronic hypertension. Both MAP and UTA-PI are essential components of first-trimester screening protocols, which, combined with maternal history and other biochemical markers, allow for accurate preeclampsia risk assessment and early intervention to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Conclusions:
Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The integration of multiple biomarkers, such as PlGF and sFlt-1, along with advanced analytical techniques, enhances early detection and accurate risk stratification, improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Aspirin prophylaxis before 16 weeks’ gestation has been shown to reduce the risk of preeclampsia.
Imaginário e decisão em branding
Authors: Günther Albert Fischer , Pereira Délcio , Santos Flávio Anthero Nunes Vianna dos
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar pontos consonantes entre o modo de fazer design (ou sua poética, no sentido aristotélico) e o processo decisório quando pautados por uma retórica de vendas. Diante do impacto imprevisível das imagens no campo de significação, observa-se uma nova orientação retórica do consumo em direção ao simbolismo. Para a abordagem temática, a estratégia empregada foi a de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo. Consiste em um levantamento bibliográfico em que os termos: imaginário, retórica, poética e decisão orientaram a pesquisa de fontes. A partir de concepções teóricas acerca do imaginário, discorre-se acerca das potencialidades do símbolo, reconhecendo-o como uma esfera determinante no entendimento da imagem de marca, de significado e interpretação inesgotáveis, porém inacessível, em última instância. Como resultado, foi proposto um modelo interpretativo orientado à análise de marcas.
Design e antotipia
Authors: Bortolucci Baghim Ciro , Henriques Fernanda , Moura Mônica
Published: August 2024

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que as abordagens participativas do design contemporâneo podem ser fundamentais para a elaboração de alternativas sustentáveis, que tenham como objetivo enfrentar problemáticas socioambientais decorrentes do aquecimento global que culmina na condição de emergência climática. Além disso, este trabalho aborda o sistema fotográfico artesanal da antotipia como um procedimento profícuo para suscitar reflexões críticas sobre a atividade humana no planeta, podendo ser integrada aos projetos de design como um instrumento voltado a contribuir, a partir de suas características simbólicas e subjetivas, para um processo de conscientização e envolvimento dos agentes com causas ambientais, facilitando a implementação de medidas necessárias para que se alcance a sustentabilidade. O artigo conclui ressaltando a necessidade de ação coletiva e destaca o papel crucial da arte na imaginação de alternativas diante da emergência climática.
A questão utilitária no uso improvisado de produtos
Authors: Boufleur Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

Este artigo desenvolve uma investigação conceitual a respeito da questão da utilidade, a partir de um fenômeno utilitário amplamente difundido no cotidiano, a saber, as improvisações relacionadas às resoluções práticas do dia a dia, popularmente conhecidas como “gambiarras”. Tal investigação leva à contextualização de problemas, a exemplo das assincronias entre as reais demandas e necessidades, e os produtos e demais recursos disponíveis para solucioná-las, invocando a proposição de termos como “valor de utilização” e “utilitariedade”. Alguns conceitos e referenciais advindos da literatura acadêmica e científica, em especial o trabalho de Henry Petroski acerca das “coisas úteis”, e de Eric Von Hippel acerca da “inovação através dos utilizadores” são operados com o intuito de compreender aspectos da utilidade, bem como desmistificar preconceitos, indicando a importância e o potencial das improvisações utilitárias como referência para o desenvolvimento da teoria e da prática do design.
Fabulação de dados
Authors: Torres Ludwig Luiz , Kosminsky Doris
Published: August 2024

Em uma sociedade onde os dados desempenham um papel cada vez mais central, este artigo apresenta um experimento baseado na construção de uma narrativa ficcional e na criação de artefatos que servem como dispositivos para refletirmos sobre as problemáticas da nossa sociedade da informação. Demonstramos as potencialidades do uso de metodologias especulativas como um procedimento crítico e buscamos trazer contribuições sobre como a ficção pode colaborar para a reflexão sobre os dados, por meio da arte e do design. Discutimos artistas e designers que exploram a ficcionalização do corpo e descrevermos e analisamos o processo de criação do projeto Absorpta.
Amedrontagens urbanas
Authors: Pozzer Christiano Hageman , Caron Daniele , Edison Belo Reyes Paulo
Published: August 2024

Qual o lugar do medo no projeto de futuros? Partindo deste afeto enquanto valor imperativo na materialização do urbano e suas tecnologias, o presente artigo procura costurar uma narrativa crítica sobre as formas com que descrevemos e experimentamos o medo. Antes de propor uma descrição empírica totalizante, arraigada em manifestações projetuais da segurança, buscamos em representações visuais e textuais o substrato a ser refletido. Iniciamos pela Ruptura, buscando dimensionar o medo enquanto sensibilidade, perguntando-nos quais matérias estaríamos negando no ato de projetar o mundo. Seguimos explorando a Erupção, tomando consciência das contradições que surgem a partir das rupturas — as matérias que sobram para além de nossos desejos de controle projetual. Concluímos com uma leitura dos Vestígios deixados pelos trajetos anteriores — todas as materializações que tem capacidade de propor mudanças.
Design demiúrgico
Authors: Felinto Erick
Published: August 2024

Fiquei grato com o convite para participar do Seminário Designs por Vir. Estudei cerca de um ano e meio na ESDI,e foi uma experiência muito boa. Não prossegui no campo do Design, mas a maior parte da minha história na Comunicação está relacionada ao estudo da imagem, do cinema e do design. Sob a perspectiva da teoria da imagem entremeada de discussões sobre certos aspectos da nossa cultura contemporânea, apresentarei dois tópicos, vitais para intervir ativamente nessa cultura: a cultura digital —ou o universo da internet — e o imaginário.
Investigações de método para uma história do design comprometida com a natureza
Authors: A. Costa Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Antes de mais nada, agradeço à Escola Superior de Desenho Industrial (Esdi/UERJ) pelo convite para compartilhar algumas reflexões, o que me parece, obviamente, uma oportunidade muito importante e rica para pensar e desenvolver caminhos possíveis para o nosso futuro, para o nosso por vir. Também entendo ser necessário apresentar minha trajetória profissional e discorrer sobre o modo como venho desenvolvendo a presente pesquisa.
Narrativas confessionais sobre a graduação em design
Authors: Portela Imaíra , Carvalho Ricardo Artur P.
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo é recorte de uma tese de doutoramento. Através de narrativas confessionais, dois estudantes cotistas falam sobre seus primeiros anos de graduação em design e os desafios cotidianos enfrentados por eles durante o curso. Esta pesquisa deseja contribuir com o debate sobre como a formação em design não se articula apenas por questões de prática e conteúdo, mas também das experiencias dos alunos durante a graduação.
PAPEL DA MOEDA E A FUNÇÃO DOS TRIBUTOS NA TEORIA MONETÁRIA MODERNA
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Lodi
Published: August 2024

A Teoria Moderna da Moeda preconiza que o Estado que emite a sua própria moeda não precisa de tributos para o financiamento dos gastos públicos.   Com isso, toda a fundamentação tradicional dos tributos cai por terra, uma vez que estes não mais parecem ser necessários para o custeio das despesas públicas. No entanto, os tributos ainda guardam quatro funções fundamentais: (i) a valorização da moeda nacional necessária ao pagamento dos tributos; (ii) a abertura de espaço para o gasto público a partir do enxugamento do excesso de liquidez do mercado; (iii) a promoção da redistribuição de rendas com a adoção de um sistema tributário progressivo; e (iv) indução a determinados comportamentos e abstenções, por meio da extrafiscalidade. A superação dos dogmas da austeridade seletiva são um caminho pavimentado para a adoção da ideia de responsabilidade fiscal que seja harmonizada com os direitos fundamentais, com a utilização dos tributos e dos gastos públicos na implementação de políticas públicas.
The complementary nature of transformational and transactional leadership styles in modern hospital and healthcare systems
Authors: Gruessner Rainer WG
Published: August 2024

With healthcare systems becoming increasingly complex, managers must practice leadership styles that best serve their organisations, staff and service users. Rainer WG Gruessner discusses the pros and cons of different leadership styles, suggesting that transformational and transactional models can and should be combined for modern healthcare management.
AWARD WINNERS SHOW WHAT SETS THEM APART
Authors: Pickles Cath
Published: August 2024

Families of abuse survivors need support, understanding and greater recognition
Supported accommodation
Authors: Stephenson Jo
Published: August 2024

Providers of supported accommodation to looked-after young people and care leavers are being registered this year before inspections start in 2024. Jo Stephenson takes a look at Ofsted's plans
Seven days of self-care
Authors: Henry Heather
Published: August 2024

Self-care is about improving your own wellbeing. in this article, Heather Henry explains what wellbeing is and suggests seven self-care tips – one to consider every day for a week
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL MOTION BETWEEN LOW BACK PAIN SUBGROUPS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS USING QUANTITATIVE FLUOROSCOPY
Authors: Rix J. , du Rose A. , Mellor F. , De Carvalho D. , Breen A.
Published: August 2024

Study purpose and background

Kinematic variables have been identified as potential biomarkers for low back pain patients; however, an in-depth comparison between chronic (n=22), acute (n=15), and healthy controls (n=136) has not been done. This retrospective data analysis compared intervertebral lumbar motion parameters, angular range of motion, translation, maximum disc height, motion share inequality (MSI) and variability (MSV), and laxity, between these groups.

Methods and results

Kinematic parameters were determined using video tracking techniques utilising quantitative fluoroscopy (QF), during both weight-bearing and recumbent controlled sagittal bending tasks. Data was analysed for normality, and appropriate statistical tests were applied to determine differences between groups. There were no significant differences between the groups for age, height, weight and sex. Whilst few differences were found between acute and healthy groups, differences were shown between both chronic and healthy, and acute and chronic groups for all six parameters. Of particular note were examples of differences in the motion share parameters between the acute and chronic populations, with an increased MSI in the chronic group during recumbent flexion, and MSV during recumbent extension, and inversely an increase in MSV in the acute group during weight-bearing flexion.

Conclusion

Analysis of intervertebral lumbar motion provides valuable insights into kinematic differences between chronic, acute, and healthy control populations. These findings suggest that there is variation between the groups which is knowledge that may benefit management strategies. Further exploration of the time varying data is warranted to explore how such differences may relate to the motion share inequalities and variability shown.

Conflicts of Interest

No conflicts of interest

Sources of Funding

No funding obtained
“THERE'S MY BACK, DO WHAT YOU WANT!”: PATIENTS’ EXPECTATIONS OF TREATMENT FOR LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Penney H. , Roberts L. C.
Published: August 2024

Purpose and background

Understanding patients’ expectations of back pain treatment can help improve their experiences, adherence and outcomes. Patients typically expect a diagnosis and exercise-based physiotherapy, but often undervalue the role of psychological factors. This study explored patients’ expectations of outpatient physiotherapy treatment for back pain in primary care.

Methods and Results

The design, a secondary analysis of a qualitative cross-sectional study, involved 25 patients (13M:12F), aged 20–81, referred with low back pain (duration 7 weeks to 9 years). This sample did not include patients with serious spinal pathologies, known psychological disorders, or those unable to communicate without assistance. Face-to-face interviews were undertaken in patients’ homes, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the six stages of thematic analysis outlined by Braun and Clarke.

Patients expected a caring clinician and a strong therapeutic relationship, where they felt believed, openly communicated with and valued as an individual. Most patients expected a diagnosis and credible explanation for their pain. There was an almost equal split between those keen to take responsibility for their care and those who felt this was the clinicians’ role. Expectations of passive therapies were slightly higher in this study than existing research. Most patients were realistic about outcomes and expected treatment to reduce their pain, but not cure it.

Conclusion

A positive experience mattered most to patients, valuing the relational aspects of their care more than the clinical content provided. Patients saw back pain through a biomedical lens, and most failed to recognise the role of psychosocial factors in their condition or treatment.

Conflicts of interest

None

Sources of funding

Funding for primary data: Arthritis Research UK (now Versus Arthritis)
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION FEATURES AND LOW BACK PAIN IS MODIFIED BY GENETIC PROPENSITY TO PAIN
Authors: Suri P. , Kazemi-Naini M. , Freidin M.B. , Tsepilov Y. , Elgaeva E. , Granville-Smith I. , Compte R. , Williams F.M.K.
Published: August 2024

Background

The association between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (LDD) and low back pain (LBP) is modest. We have recently shown that genetic propensity to pain is an effect modifier of the LDD-LBP relationship when LDD is defined as a summary score of LDD (LSUM), suggesting the association may be driven by individuals with the greatest genetic predisposition to pain. This study examined the association between individual spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined LDD features and LBP in subgroups defined by genetic predisposition to pain.

Method

We developed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for “genetic propensity to pain” defined as the number of non-back pain locations (head, face, neck/shoulder, stomach/abdomen, hip, and knee) with duration ≥3 months in 377,538 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. This PRS was used to stratify TwinsUK MRI samples (n=645) into four strata of genetic propensity to pain. We examined the association between LBP and MRI features of lumbar disc height, disc signal intensity, disc bulge, and osteophytes with adjustments for age, sex, PRS strata, interaction terms for each MRI feature x PRS strata, and twin status.

Results

We found significant effect modification of the LDD-LBP relationship by genetic propensity to pain for the lumbar MRI features of disc height (p=0.03 for the interaction term with highest quartile of genetically-predicted propensity to pain) and disc signal intensity (p=0.001), but not for disc bulge and osteophytes.

Conclusion

Genetic propensity to pain modifies the association between individual LDD features and LBP and should be considered in LBP clinical studies.

Conflicts of interest

No conflicts of interest

Sources of funding

No funding obtained

Acknowledgement

UKBB data were obtained under the project #18219

This paper is submitted to the Spine journal and is under review.
WILLINGNESS TO RANDOMIZE PATIENTS TO LUMBAR SPINE FUSION SURGERY OR CONSERVATIVE CARE IN THE FORENSIC-UK AND FORENSIC-AUSTRALIA TRIALS
Authors: Foster N E , Bada E , Window P , Stovell M , Ahuja S , Beard D , Gardner A
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

The UK's NIHR and Australia's NHMRC have funded two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to determine if lumbar fusion surgery (LFS) is more effective than best conservative care (BCC) for adults with persistent, severe low back pain (LBP) attributable to lumbar spine degeneration. We aimed to describe clinicians’ decision-making regarding suitability of patient cases for LFS or BCC and level of equipoise to randomise participants in the RCTs.

Methods

Two online cross-sectional surveys distributed via UK and Australian professional networks to clinicians involved in LBP care, collected data on clinical discipline, practice setting and preferred care of five patient cases (ranging in age, pain duration, BMI, imaging findings, neurological signs/symptoms). Clinicians were also asked about willingness to randomise each patient case.

Results

Of 174 responses (73 UK, 101 Australia), 70 were orthopaedic surgeons, 34 neurosurgeons, 65 allied health professionals (AHPs), 5 others. Most worked in public health services only (92% UK, 45% Australia), or a mix of public/private (36% Australia). Most respondents chose BCC as their first-choice management option for all five cases (81–93% UK, 83–91% Australia). For LFS, UK surgeons preferred TLIF (36.4%), whereas Australian surgeons preferred ALIF (54%). Willingness to randomise cases ranged from 37–60% (UK mean 50.7%), and 47–55% (Australian mean 51.9%); orthopaedic and neuro-surgeons were more willing than AHPs.

Conclusion

Whilst BCC was preferred for all five patient cases, just over half of survey respondents in both the UK and Australia were willing to randomise cases to either LFS or BCC, indicating clinical equipoise (collective uncertainty) needed for RCT recruitment.

Conflicts of interest

None

Sources of funding

No specific funding obtained for the surveys. DB, SA, AG and NEF have funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) UK (FORENSIC-UK NIHR134859); NEF, DB and SA have funding from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC FORENSIC-Australia GA268233). AG has funding from Orthopaedic Research UK (combined with British Association of Spine Surgeons and British Scoliosis Society) and Innovate UK. NEF is funded through an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Grant (ID: 2018182).
THE IMPACT OF IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL REALITY ON PAIN PROCESSING AND PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES IN PEOPLE WITH PERSISTENT LOW BACK PAIN: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed Nasser , Sparkes V. , Khot S. , Davies J.L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Embodiment- and distraction-based approaches to immersive virtual reality (IVR) show promise in treating persistent low back pain (PLBP). However, which approach is more effective is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the impact of distraction- and embodiment-based IVR on pain processing and patient-reported outcome measures in PLBP.

Method

Individuals with PLBP were randomised to receive eight sessions of either distraction- or embodiment-based IVR over two weeks. Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and after the eighth session. Pain processing was evaluated using conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS).

Results

Three participants (n=2 embodiment, n=1 distraction) have completed all eight IVR sessions. Preliminary results indicate a decrease from pre to post-intervention in Numerical Pain Rating Scale score (pre: 5/10, 6/10, 5/10; post: 2/10, 5/10, 2/10) and Pain Catastrophising Scale score (pre: 34/52, 11/52, 38/52; post: 11/52, 8/52, 12/52), with no clear trend in other self-reported measures (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Oswestry low back disability questionnaire, fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire, Tampa scale of kinesiophobia). Preliminary results suggest a potential increase in NPRS absolute values from pre- to post-intervention in CPM (pre: -2.7, -2.3, -2.0; post: -3.3, -2.0, -4.3) and TS (pre-1.2, 2.5, 2.4; post: 1.4, 2.5, 3.1).

Conclusion

Eight sessions of IVR may reduce pain severity and pain catastrophising in people with PLBP and may increase the efficacy of endogenous pain modulatory systems. Data collection is ongoing to compare the effect of distraction- and embodiment-based IVR.

Conflicts of Interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

Sources of Funding

This project is funded by the Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau.
THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL FRACTURES AT A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Raghu A. , Kapilan M. , Ibrahim M. , Mushtaq S. , Sherief T.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Most common osteoporotic fracture

20-30% of patients with OVFs are presented to hospital while 2.2 million remain undiagnosed, as diagnosis is usually opportunistic

66,000 OVFs occur annually in the UK with increase by 18,000 cases a year until 2025.

20% chance of another OVF in next 12 months and 3 times risk of hip fracture.

Acute painful OVFs poorly tolerated by infirm elderly patients, leading to significant morbidity and 8 times increase in age-adjusted mortality.

Materials and Methods

Classify fracture severity and patents with ovfs in 12-month period.

To assess follow-up status and if kyphoplasty was offered within 6 weeks as per NICE guidelines.

To introduce Royal Osteoporosis Society and GIRFT guidelines on management of symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral fractures

Results

Total no. of patients- 62

Initial pain assessment=40

Pain assessed at ≤6 weeks- 21

Duration from decision to operate to kyphoplasty 8.7 weeks.

11% had kyphoplasty of which 50% noted improvement in pain.

11 deaths

Nearly similar findings to NoSH study

Conclusion

To improve pain assessment on admission of patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

To follow GIRFT guidelines for early assessment and intervention in patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures to improve pain, mobility and early discharge from hospital.

Conflicts of interest

None

Sources of funding

None
The potential utilization of non-timber vascular plants in the karst area of Ayah Village, Kebumen District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: INDRIYANI SISCA , AURINA DEVI MAYANG , RAMADHAN MUHAMMAD FADHIL , RACHMALIA FAYZA , FAUZIYYAH MUTHI’AH DZAKIYYATUL , FATURRAHMAN AQRA DANIAL , NAZAR IRFAN ABU , SEPTIASARI ANISA , NAIM DARLINA MD. , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Indriyani S, Aurina DM, Ramadhan MF, Rachmalia F, Fauziyyah MD, Faturrahman AD, Nazar IA, Septiasari A, Naim DMD, Setyawan AD. 2023. The potential utilization of non-timber vascular plants in the karst area of Ayah Village, Kebumen District, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 7: 51-61. Karst vegetation has unique characteristics in its shape and species composition. As a result, karst plant communities have a high ability to adapt to environmental stress. In addition to ecological functions, vegetation that grows in karst areas also has the potential as natural medicine, food ingredients, and materials for folk traditions. This study aims to determine the diversity and potential utilization of non-timber vascular plants in the karst area of ??Ayah Village, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. This study used a survey method, namely direct observation, by exploring the Ayah Forest area to observe the studied object, namely vascular plants. The results showed 44 plant families of 111 species in the Ayah Forest area. Vascular plants in the Ayah Forest area are mostly from Fabaceae and Poaceae families. Therefore, five habitus types grow there, including trees, herbs, shrubs, epiphytes, and vines. The vascular plants found during the research have different potencies. In this study, eight prospects could be utilized from vascular plants in Ayah Forest: ornamental plants, medicinal plants, food ingredients, beverage ingredients, flavorings, natural coloring, animal feed, and woven crafts. The potential use of vascular plants in the Ayah Forest is most widely used as medicine.
Isolation and characterization of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria from calcareous soil of dry land ecosystems in Timor Tengah Selatan, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: NUR MUHAMMAD S. M. , BENGGU YOKE IVONNY , TAE ANTHONIUS S. J. ADU , ISHAQ LILY F. , SOETEDJO I. N. PRIJO
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Nur MSM, Benggu YI, Tae ASJA, Ishaq LF, Soetedjo INP. 2023. Isolation and characterization of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria from calcareous soil of dry land ecosystems in Timor Tengah Selatan, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 7: 66-72. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) is a potential biofertilizer due to its ability to increase phosphorus (P) availability. That is important, especially in areas where P availability becomes a constraint for plant growth, such as calcareous soil in Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The study was undertaken in three ecosystems, including mamar, farm, and coastal areas in Timor Tengah Selatan, with the objective was obtaining and characterizing PSBs from these ecosystems. Five soil samples from the rhizosphere of five plants were collected from each ecosystem for PSB occurrence and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that PSB could be found in these three ecosystems observed, with the highest types of the isolate being in the coastal area ecosystem compared to mamar and farm ecosystems. PSBs were relatively low in the three ecosystems, possibly related to the soil properties. Despite the low population of PSBs obtained, 19 isolates of PSBs were found in this study. The study results provide initial information on the occurrence of PSBs in calcareous soil Timor. This study needs to be expanded to screen and identify the PSB isolates used as biofertilizers for calcareous soil in the region.
Modeling suitable habitats of Edible-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) to support ecotourism in karst ecosystem of Karang Bolong, Kebumen, Indonesia
Authors: WIBOWO ANDRIO A. , NINGRUM FITRI U.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Wibowo AA, Ningrum FU. 2023. Modeling suitable habitats of Edible-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) to support ecotourism in karst ecosystem of Karang Bolong, Kebumen, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 7: 112-119. The karst ecosystem plays a vital role as a habitat for the Edible-nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus (Thunberg, 1812)) (synonym: Collocalia fuciphaga) due to the availability of caves for roosting sites. Additionally, factors such as vegetation cover and drought influence the presence of A. fuciphagus in karst ecosystems. Karang Bolong in Kebumen, Indonesia is identified as a karst ecosystem inhabited by A. fuciphagus. However, there is limited information regarding potential suitable habitats for this species. This study aimed to model the potential habitat for A. fuciphagus using Species Distribution Modeling, considering vegetation cover variables represented by NDVI and drought represented by NDMI. The habitat suitability was assessed using the AUC metric, with values ranging from 0.875 to 0.968, indicating a good model fit for depicting potential habitats for the species. In Karang Bolong, the suitability of habitats was constrained by drought conditions. The model suggests suitable habitats are concentrated in caves along the Kebumen Coasts. This information is valuable for identifying areas suitable for ecotourism and providing an alternative to swiftlet nest cultivation/harvesting. Regarding ecotourism activities, birding and observing Edible-nest Swiftlets in their natural coastal habitats, featuring scenic coastal views, could be attractive options to support the tourism industry within the karst ecosystems of Karang Bolong and Kebumen.
Short Communication: Avifauna survey in Bama coastal area of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SIDDIQ ARIF MOHAMMAD , SULISTIYOWATI HARI , SETIAWAN RENDY , WIMBANINGRUM RETNO , WAHONO NANANG DWI
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Siddiq AM, Sulistiyowati H, Setiawan R, Wimbaningrum R, Wahono ND. 2024. Short Communication: Avifauna survey in Bama coastal area of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 8: 14-20. Baluran National Park is an essential habitat for avifauna in the East Java region, Indonesia. We surveyed the avifauna in the Bama coastal area using the line transect method at three stations, including Kalitopo, Bekol-Bama, and Manting. During a three-day survey, we recorded 53 bird species belonging to 47 genera and 32 families. According to the IUCN Red List, there are three conservation statuses (least concern: 49 species, near threatened: one species, endangered: three species); then, based on the CITES status, there are two categories (non-appendix: 47 species, Appendix II: six species), and finally, based on national status, there are two categories (non-protected categories: 41 species, protected categories: 12 species). Based on the frequencies, 32 common and 21 rare bird species are reported in the Bama coastal area. Three of the common species are Sunda Pied Fantail (Rhipidura javanica), Cave Swiftlet (Collocalia linchi), and Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris), which was found in all observation tracks. Furthermore, these surveys provide recommendations for further research related to ecological topics for several threatened bird species, such as Padda oryzivora, Pavo muticus, Acridotheres melanopterus, Gracula religiosa, A. albirostris, and Nisaetus cirrhatus.
Traditional knowledge in land management and utilization of natural resources in Wonogiri District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: AFRIAWAN MUHAMMAD DYMAS AUSHAF AQIL , AL-AKROMI MUHAMMAD ABDU IZZI , ANDIRA MUHAMMAD HANIFTA PRIA , SUTRISNO MUHAMMAD TRI , NURWULANDARI MURNI , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , NAZAR IRFAN ABU , MD. NAIM DARLINA , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Afriawan MDAA, Al-Akromi MAI, Andira MHP, Sutrisno MT, Nurwulandari M, Sugiyarto, Nazar IA, Md. Naim D, Setyawan AD. 2024. Traditional knowledge in land management and utilization of natural resources in Wonogiri District, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 8: 21-26. Traditional knowledge helps farmers cultivate land to be more effective and efficient. It also contributes to maintaining environmental sustainability and reducing the adverse impacts of land management activities due to hereditary teachings about protecting nature. Wonogiri District has great potential for further development, especially in the agricultural and plantation sectors. This potential provides opportunities for economic drivers and the development of a more holistic agricultural sector in the district. Therefore, this study aimed to look at how land management knowledge and the utilization of natural resources in Wonogiri District, Central Java, Indonesia. Moreover, 65 informants were selected to be interviewed to obtain information on land use and land management procedures. This research used descriptive analysis with socioeconomic percentage parameters. The results show that the people of Wonogiri benefit from natural resources in terms of socio-cultural, ecological, economic, medicinal, energy, and construction advantages. The community utilizes agricultural and plantation products to fulfill their daily lives, resulting in a complex relationship between humans and nature that creates a unique agricultural landscape. Agriculture and plantations have become part of the activities of the Wonogiri community. The application of local wisdom that the community has applied can support the management and utilization of natural resources in a sustainable manner.
Modeling climate change impacts under future CCM3 scenario on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as an drought resilient crop in tropical arid Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: WIBOWO ANDRIO A. , MEYLANI VITA
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Wibowo AA, Meylani V. 2024. Modeling climate change impacts under future CCM3 scenario on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as an drought resilient crop in tropical arid Lombok Island, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 8: 35-43. The arid ecosystems and drought conditions exacerbated by climate change and rising CO2 levels necessitate the identification of alternative drought-tolerant crops. Sorghum bicolor L. has emerged as a promising option due to its resilience to drought. However, there is dearth of information regarding its future potential distribution, particularly in arid regions like Lombok Island, Indonesia, where sorghum is being considered as a viable alternative to ensure food security. This study employs Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, incorporating environmental and bioclimatic variables, along with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM3) scenario reflecting doubled CO2 levels, to model the future potential distribution of S. bicolor. The model projects a total suitable habitat area of 1,875 km2, constituting 39.56% of Lombok Island’s land area. Notably, very high-suitability areas of 175 km2, and high-suitability areas of 200 km2 encompass 3.69% and 4.22% of the island’s territory, respectively, predominantly concentrated in the southern region of the island and characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures, particularly at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1,000 meters. The model's performance, evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC), yields a score of 0.725, indicating a good level of accuracy. Key factors influencing sorghum distribution include annual precipitation (68.69%), isothermality (9.56%), temperature seasonality (9.56%), precipitation seasonality (8.69%), and annual mean temperature (3.47%). The CCM3 model forecasts an expansion of sorghum distribution toward the north, occupying approximately 6.25% of Lombok's total area. These findings highlight sorghum’s adaptability and resilience to future climate changes, positioning it as a valuable resource for sustainable agriculture in arid environments.
Evaluation of the current situation of sheep production characteristics in Nkasi District, Tanzania
Authors: KAPONGO REUBEN Y. , MBAGA SAID H.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Kapongo RY, Mbaga SH. 2024. Evaluation of the current situation of sheep production characteristics in Nkasi District, Tanzania. Intl J Trop Drylands 8: 44-57. This study was conducted in two divisions, Namanyere and Mkwamba of Nkasi District in the Rukwa Region, Tanzania, to assess the sheep production status of smallholder farmers. Eight wards, namely Namanyere, Mtenga, Chala, Swaila, Kipande, Sintali, Kate, and Isale, were surveyed from November 2010 to April 2011. The random sampling technique was adopted to get 20 respondents from each selected ward. Two villages from each ward were chosen randomly, whereby ten respondents were interviewed in each village. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from smallholder farmers keeping sheep and was complimented by secondary data from the district council offices. The results showed that sheep strains kept mainly by smallholder farmers were variant crosses of local strains and Red Maasai. The strains were deemed tolerant to diseases/parasites, heat, and drought and had better carcasses. Most smallholder farmers adopted an extensive grazing system during both dry and wet seasons. Breeding was uncontrolled; however, rams were selected based on their body sizes, conformation, and performance (e.g., number of lambs per ewe's lifetime, age at first lambing, and lambing intervals). Traits such as disease tolerance, drought, and heat tolerance scored higher for most strains. The average age at first lambing was 6.5 months, the lambing interval was three months, and the average number of lambs per ewe's lifetime was 14. The constraints to sheep production mostly were poor market availability, endemic diseases, and mortality of lambs. On marketing, fewer sheep were sold in the market compared to goats, and the price was 22% lower than that of goats.
Ecological Imperialism: The Story of Chars , Tigers, and Refugees in The Hungry Tide
Authors: Deb Basuli
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Underlining the genealogical tie of Global North environmental aid with colonial forest conservation, this article problematizes the role of such aid in saving Global South ecosystems. Aid carries on the legacies of colonialism and refuses to recognize that colonial history makes humans differentially accountable for ecological devastation. Amitav Ghosh’s novel The Hungry Tide exposes these contradictions as unprotected Bangladeshi refugees living on the chars (deltaic sandbars) of India’s Ganges Delta are pitted against tigers protected by aid. Chars are legacies of British colonialism and the partition of the Indian subcontinent. In this article, the transience of chars offers a framework of inquiry into ecological imperialism that burdens the poor of the Global South.
Three-Dimensional Refractive Index Estimation Based on Non-interferometric Optical Diffraction Tomography with Angular and Axial Illumination Scanning
Authors: Bazow Brad , Raub Christopher B. , Nehmetallah George
Published: August 2024

We present computational inverse scattering to achieve three-dimensional refractive index reconstructions of biological specimens with sub-micron resolution in an optical diffraction tomography system with angular and axial illumination scanning and constrained optimization.
Theoretical and practical aspects for generation of helix beams with required shape, intensity, phase and polarization distributions
Authors: Rodrigo Jose A. , Alieva Tatiana
Published: August 2024

Theoretical and practical aspects of holographically generating beams with the required 3D curved shapes, intensity, phase, and polarization distributions are explored, using the example of a helix beam.
Generalized HoloTile and its Applications in Industry and Academia
Authors: Madsen Andreas Erik Gejl , Glückstad Jesper
Published: August 2024

HoloTile is an innovative holography technique for CGH, utilising sub-holograms and PSF shaping for high-resolution, speckle-reduced reconstructions. The paper introduces new HoloTile modalities and discusses applications like optical trapping, volumetric 3D printing, and quantum communication.
Contrast Enhancement via Residual Energy Adjustment and Effect of Non-linear Exponent in Gerchberg-Saxton Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Pivnenko Mike , Chu Daping
Published: August 2024

Residual energy adjustments was introduced into Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm for contrast enhancement with improved highlighted details and visual clarity facilitated by a non-linear exponent that expedites convergence. Experimental validation shows our method outperforms traditional techniques.
Neural Encoder for 3D Computer-generated hologram
Authors: Zhu Runze , Chen Lizhi , Xiao Jiasheng , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2024

In this work, we have developed a hologram encoder using a deep neural network. To effectively train this neural encoder, a novel training dataset composed of three-dimensional (3D) Fourier basis functions is adopted.
Model-driven neural network for compressive holographic reconstruction
Authors: Wu Jiachen , Liu Fangyu , Wang Hongyuan , Cao Liangcai
Published: August 2024

Compressive holography enables multilayer reconstruction by single in-line hologram without twin image and crosstalk. However, the iterative reconstruction methods cannot meet the needs of rapid imaging. We proposed a model-driven neural network for compressive holographic reconstruction by combining the interpretability of iterative algorithm and fast inference of deep neural network. The experiment demonstrates the compelling reconstruction with fast computational speed.
Interferometric Multi-beam Photon-Counting Enhanced Lidar
Authors: Ting Kai-Ting , Scheck Benjamin , Feldkhun Daniel , Combes Josh , Wagner Kelvin
Published: August 2024

A non-redundant array of frequency-shifted beams is transmitted to overlap and interfere on the target for structured-illumination computational lidar imaging. Time-tagged photons are detected and Fourier analyzed to demonstrate a quantum advantage of multi-beam interferometry.
Bedrosian theorem problem in quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Zdańkowski Piotr , Chlipała Maksymilian , Rogalski Mikołaj , Trusiak Maciej
Published: August 2024

In this study we highlight the significance of the Bedrosian theorem, stating that strong sample-induced amplitude variations can impact the result of the phase demodulation, challenging the often-overlooked assumptions in phase reconstruction.