bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiomic Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Profiles and Predictors of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Responsiveness and Resistance
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Jun , Yu Wen , Song Xin-Yun , Cai Xu-Wei , Wang Guang-Zhong , Fu Xiaolong
Published: April 2024

Background
In neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), only 1/3 of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) achieve pathologic complete response (pCR). Here, we aimed to depict the biological landscape of ESCC with different responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and identify biomarkers to facilitate clinical decision-making.
Method
Tumor specimens before NCRT were obtained for whole exosome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and DIA mass spectrometry. Genomic data were analyzed for significantly mutated genes, copy number alterations, MSI, TMB, and mutational signatures. Transcriptomic and proteomic data were used to examine differentially activated pathways. GSEA and ActivePathways were used for single omics and joint multiomics analyses, respectively. Treatment-resistance biomarkers were identified and confirmed in a separate cohort using IHC.
Result
FBXW7 mutation (Fisher exact test p =0.029) and 9p21.3 cytoband loss(q-value=0.001) are the significant genetic variations in the pCR group. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that the type I interferon signaling pathways and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways were enriched in non-pCR tumors. A biomarker panel of 12 proteins predictive of non-pCR tumors was identified, 10 of which were verified using mIHC in an independent cohort.
Conclusion
We described the multiomic biological characteristics of ESCC with distinct responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and proposed a panel of proteins as predictive biomarkers for non-pCR patients.
Cerebrovascular co-pathology and cholinergic white matter pathways along the Lewy body continuum
Authors: Jerele Cene , Tzortzakakis Antonios , Nemy Milan , Rennie Anna , Arranz Javier , Montal Victor , Bejanin Alexandre , Aarsland Dag , Westman Eric , Fortea Juan , Lleo Alberto , Alcolea Daniel , Kramberger Milica Gregorič , Ferreira Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background:Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) often presents with cholinergic degeneration and varying degrees of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Radiological methods for assessing cholinergic degeneration in DLB are limited. We investigated the potential of the radiological Cholinergic Pathway Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) in identifying CVD-related disruptions in cholinergic white matter pathways. We compared the utility of CHIPS to other radiological and automated methods of evaluation.
Methods: We included 82 individuals (41 patients along the clinical continuum of Lewy body (LB) disease and 41 healthy controls) from the Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration cohort. We evaluated white matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) and cholinergic pathways integrity on MRI using two clinical radiological methods (CHIPS, Fazekas) and two automated methods (tractography mean diffusivity, FreeSurfer WMSA volume). Between and within study groups, we investigated associations among those measures, as well as regional atrophy, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD co-pathology, core clinical features, and cognitive measures.
Results: Cholinergic white matter methods (CHIPS and tractography) showed a strong correlation, as did global WMSA methods (FreeSurfer WMSA volume and Fazekas). LB patients showed a significantly higher degree of WMSA in the external capsule cholinergic pathway compared to controls, without global WMSA differences. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the CHIPS score in the posterior external capsule and the mean diffusivity in both external capsule and cingulum exceeded the threshold for an optimal biomarker in discriminating LB patients from controls. Higher CHIPS scores, Fazekas scores, and mean diffusivity from tractography were associated with more pronounced frontal atrophy in LB patients. No significant associations were found between the four WMSA and integrity methods and any of the core clinical features, cognitive measures, or CSF biomarkers in the LB group.
Conclusions: Cholinergic WMSA were more pronounced in LB patients than in healthy controls, above and beyond global WMSA. Mechanistically, CVD in cholinergic white matter may be implicated in frontal atrophy along the LB continuum. Clinically, we demonstrate the potential of CHIPS to assess cholinergic WMSA. Our findings show that CVD co-pathology may contribute to the well-known cholinergic degeneration in DLB, allowing for vascular health-focused therapies from prodromal DLB onwards.
Long-term high-intensity aerobic interval training in stage II – III breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Cešeiko Rūdolfs , Kļaviņa Aija , Eglītis Kristaps , Llionte Alicia , Čampa Mārtiņš , Linē Aija
Published: April 2024

Background. Although higher-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) is recognized as a modality to attenuate breast cancer (BC) treatment-induced decline in cardiorespiratory endurance and mitigate side effects, it is still really offered as an addition to treatment. Thus, this study investigated the 6-month effects and feasibility of HIIT for BC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).
Methods. Thirty-five women (mean age 47 ± 8 years) diagnosed with stage II-III BC before initial treatment were randomized to either the training group (TG) or non–exercise control group (CG). TG was instructed to perform 4x4 min intervals remotely at an intensity of 85-95% of peak heart rate, 2-3 times a week for 6 months. Treadmill VO2peak and functional performance were assessed before and after the exercise period.
Results. After the intervention, TG maintained VO2peak (P=0.94) but decreased in the CG by (13% ± 7%; P<0.001.), a significant difference between the groups with a large effect was absorbed post-intervention (P=0.005). Significant increases were observed (5% ± 4%; P=0.043) in the time to exhaustion for TG while it reduced in CG (9% ± 6%; P=0.003), a significant difference was apparent between the groups post-intervention (P<0.038). Moreover, the TG increased distance in a 6-min walking test (6MWT) by (7% ± 6%; P=0.006), times in a 30-s chair stand test by (19% ± 10%; P=0.003), and 5x sit-to-stand test by (20% ± 14%; P<0.001). Conversely, no changes were observed in the CG in these variables. Significant changes were present between the groups post-intervention 6MWT (P<0.001), 30 – s char stand test (P=0.05), and 5x sit-to-stand test (P=0.015).
Conclusion. 6 months of HIIT during NACT is feasible, safe, manageable, and effectively improves cardiorespiratory endurance and functional performance. These results advocate that HIIT should be considered in BC treatment.
The Mediating Effect of Bullying on "Parental Support, Peer Support Matching" and NSSI Behavior among Adolescents
Authors: Liu Huaqiang , Lan Zhensong , Huang Xuefang , Wang Qing , Deng Fafang , Li Juchao
Published: April 2024

Background:Being subjected to bullying is a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. On the other hand, parental support, peer support, and social connectedness play protective roles in mitigating NSSI in this population. However, the precise impact of the matching effects of parental support and peer support on bullying and NSSI requires further exploration.
Methods: The study employed the "Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale," the "Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale," the "Social Connectedness Scale," and the "Ottawa Self-injury Inventory" to survey 1277 adolescents. Polynomial regression analysis and response surface analysis were applied to examine the mediating role of bullying and social connectedness in the relationship between "parental support, peer support matching" and NSSI.
Results: The results indicate that parental support (r=0.287, P<0.001), peer support (r=0.288, P<0.001), and social connectedness (r=0.401, P<0.001) serve as protective factors against NSSI in adolescents. Conversely, bullying (r=0.425, P<0.001) acts as a risk factor for NSSI in this population. Adolescents with low parental and peer support experienced more bullying than those with high parental and peer support, and those with low parental and high peer support experienced less bullying than those with high parental support and low peer support (R^2=0.1371,P＜0.001). Social connectedness moderated the effect between bullyingand NSSI in this model (β=0.006,P＜0.001).
Limitations:Due to the underrepresentation of participants and the lack of longitudinal data support, the explanatory power of causality between variables was limited. More studies will expand to the national sample and supplement a longitudinal studies to enhance the generalizability and robustness of the findings in the future.
Conclusion: This study reveals the influence mechanism of parental and peer support matching experienced by adolescents on bullying and NSSI, and the moderating role of socialconnectedness, which enriches the developmental theory of adolescent NSSI and provides a reference for the prevention and intervention of adolescent NSSI behavior.
Predictive and prognostic value of ACSL4 and GPX4 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving post-operative radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Xiaohang , Xu Xin , Huang Yuhui , Rong Ling , Xu Lei , Ye Qing , Zhang Lei , Ma Xiumei , Bai Yongrui
Published: April 2024

Objective: Although multimodality treatment, including chemoradiotherapy and surgery has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a valid predictor is crucial for individualized treatment. As acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACLS4) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) are key genes with radiation responses and constituents of the ferroptosis signaling pathway, the present study adopted ACSL4 and GPX4 protein expression to explore their predictive and prognostic value in patients with ESCC receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.
Methods: A total of 108 patients with thoracic ESCC who had undergone radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy were enrolled in the present retrospectively study. ACSL4 and GPX4 immunohistochemistry experiments were performed on paraffin-embedded tumor samples. The prognostic value of ACSL4 and GPX4 was examined using survival analysis, and the predictive value of ACSL4 and GPX4 for long-term survival was examined using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Results: The survival analysis revealed that overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were significantly longer in the high ACSL4 expression group, and the DFS was significantly shorter in the high GPX4 expression group. The results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the ACSL4 expression level was an independent predictor for OS and DFS, and that the GPX4 expression level was an independent predictor for DFS. ROC analysis verified the predictive role of ACSL4 expression for DFS and OS, with an area under the curve of 0.713 and 0.663.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that ACSL4 and GPX4 may serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers for long-term survival, and play a key translational role in individualized therapy for patients with ESCC.
High-dose furmonertinib combined with intraventricular chemotherapy as salvage therapy for leptomeningeal metastasis from EGFR exon 20 insertion-mutated lung cancer
Authors: Yu Chuanyong , Xu Ting , Fang Hehui , Wang Xiaoyue , Liu Na , Yang Liangfeng , Fang Shencun
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The treatment of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a serious complication of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents challenges, particularly in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations.
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed data from 10 EGFR ex20ins-mutated NSCLC patients with LM admitted at our institution from May 2011 to June 2023. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and matched plasma samples was analyzed using next-generation sequencing. All patients received high-dose furmonertinib combined with intraventricular chemotherapy (IVC) as salvage therapy. Data on patient demographics, treatment efficacy, and safety outcomes were collected.
Results: The most common insertion mutation identified in this study was p.A767_V769dup (n = 4, 40%), followed by D770-N771insY (n = 2, 20%). Nine patients had EGFR ex20ins occurring in the EGFR loop region following the C-helix, whereas only one patient had an EGFR ex20ins (A763_Y764insFQEA) occurring in the C-helix of the tyrosine kinase domain. LM response assessment using the RANO-LM criteria revealed that 6 patients (60%, 95% CI 26.2–87.8%) achieved a response, 3 had stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were estimated to be 6.5 months and 8.8 months, respectively. The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were rash (n = 7) and diarrhea (n = 7), with no treatment-related deaths occurring.
Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that high-dose furmonertinib plus IVC as salvage treatment for patients with LM harboring EGFR ex20ins mutations had promising clinical benefits and a manageable safety profile.
The anti-apoptotic protein lifeguard is expressed in osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Senger Sebastian , Schlottmann Frederik , Strauß Sarah , Vogt Peter M. , Bucan Vesna
Published: April 2024

The success of modern chemotherapy in overall survival of patients with advanced stages of osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma has reached a plateau. Therefore a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms behind deregulated apoptosis in sarcoma is essential for the cure of patients with advanced stages of osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma. Lifeguard (LFG) is a member of the Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1) protein family and has anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting Fas-mediated cell death signaling. Although LFG has been proven to be expressed in several breast cancer tissues, the expression and function of LFG regarding apoptosis in different subtypes of sarcoma remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of LFG in osteosarcoma (50 samples), chondrosarcoma (28 samples) and soft tissue sarcoma (total 55 samples) with different tumor stages for each sarcoma subtype were analyzed. For each subtype, clinical TNM-classification and pathological grading were determined and compared to healthy corresponding tissues. Soft tissue sarcoma subtypes included liposarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant schwannoma and synovial cell sarcoma. In this study, significantly higher expressions of anti-apoptotic LFG protein in osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and many different subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma were found, compared to corresponding healthy tissues. More importantly a positive correlation between LFG expression and tumor stage for osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma was found. In conclusion, LFG protein might play an important role in inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells, with possible potential for targeted tumor therapy in osteosarcoma.
AZD5153 enhances the chemo-sensitivity of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Tan Biqin , Yang Xinxin , Ma Junjie , Wu Shanshan , Huang Yuyu , Zhu Lulin , Li Ying , Li Qingyu , Yan Youyou , Zhang Bo , Lou Jiang , Wang Gang , Lin Nengming , Dong Rong
Published: April 2024

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a malignant cancer with apoor prognosis. Gemcitabine (GEM), the first-line treatment drug, shows limited efficacy because of the notorious drug resistance of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, thedevelopment ofsensitive drugsfor pancreatic cancer is essential. AZD5153 is a novel bivalent BET bromodomain inhibitor with multiple antitumor effects on malignancy. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of AZD5153 on the GEM sensitivity in human pancreatic cancer cells.
Methods: Sulforhodamine B (SRB), clone formation assays were designed to characterize the cell viability and clone formation after treatment with AZD5153 and/or GEM. Flow cytometry and western blotting were used to identify the cell apoptosis. RNA-seq analysis, western blotting and qPCR were also conducted to confirm the signaling pathway involved in it.
Results: As a result, AZD5153 presented a strong anti-proliferation activity, exerted the synergistic effects in combined with GEM both in vitro and in vivo. AZD5153 combined with GEM induced cell apoptosis. Further investigations revealed that the combination of AZD5153 and GEM decreased the phosphorylation of ERK/mTOR signaling proteins. Besides, the expression of BRD4 is unchanged, while the MUC2 expression is remarkable decreased after combination treatment.
Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggested that AZD5153 might be an excellent GEM sensitizer in pancreatic cancer.
Indian Sign Language Recognition System using GAN and Ensemble based approach
Authors: Shirude Rhuchita , Khurana Soumya , Sreema R , Turuk Mousami , Jagdale Jayashree , Chidrewar Saurabh
Published: April 2024

Sign language is the most prominent mode of communication for people who have hearing problems. Continuous sign language recognition is a poorly supervised job that involves identifying sign gestures with no prior knowledge of the temporal boundaries between consecutive signs. Most modern techniques focus on the extraction of visual features, with no use of text or contextual information to boost recognition accuracy. Furthermore, in the field of sign language recognition, the potential of deep generative models to generate realistic sign language images has not been examined in depth. To achieve that aim, the Recognition System for Indian Sign Language is a novel approach for continuous sign language recognition using a generative adversarial network architecture. The system is trained on the self-created dataset, which includes numbers from 0 to 9, alphabets from A to Z, and 50 distinct words with static gestures. The proposed approach is based on the idea of using a generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate realistic sign language gestures, which are then used to train a recognition model. By training these networks together, the generator learns to produce increasingly realistic gestures, while the discriminator learns to distinguish between real and synthetic generators with increasing accuracy. The network architecture involves the use of DCGAN and SRGAN, while the transfer learning algorithms used are ResNet-50, VGG-19, and AlexNet. The transfer learning algorithms enable the network to learn from pre-trained models and achieve better accuracy in sign language recognition. Overall, the Recognition System for Indian Sign Language is a promising approach for continuous sign language recognition. By using a combination of deep generative models and transfer learning algorithms, the network can accurately detect and translate sign language gestures into textual language. The proposed approach shows recognition accuracy of 92.5% and robustness, and it has the potential to improve the recognition of sign language gestures in real-world scenarios. This has the potential to greatly improve communication for individuals who are speech and hearing impaired.
Rapid real-time quantitative colorimetric LAMP methodology for field detection of Verticillium dahliae in crude olive-plant samples
Authors: Megariti Maria , Panagou Alexandra , Patsis Georgios , Papadakis George , Pantazis Alexandros K. , Paplomatas E. J. , Tzima Aliki K. , Markakis Emmanouil A. , Gizeli Electra
Published: April 2024

Background: Verticilium dahliae is the most important wilt pathogen of olive trees with a broad host range causing devastating diseases currently without any effective chemical control. Traditional detection methodologies are based on symptoms-observation or lab-detection using time consuming culturing or molecular techniques. Therefore, there is an increasing need for portable tools that can detect rapidly V. dahliae in the field.
Results: In this work, we report the development of a novel method for the rapid, reliable and on-site detection of V. dahliae using a newly designed isothermal LAMP assay and crude extracts of olive wood. For the detection of the fungus, LAMP primers were designed targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The above assay was combined with a purpose-built prototype portable device which allowed real time quantitative colorimetric detection of V. dahliae in 35 min. The limit of detection of our assay was found to be 0.8 fg/μl reaction and the specificity 100% as indicated by zero cross-reactivity to common pathogens found in olive trees. Moreover, detection of V. dahliae in purified DNA gave a sensitivity of 100% (Ct< 30) and 80% (Ct>30) while the detection of the fungus in unpurified crude wood extracts showed a sensitivity of 80% when multisampling was implemented. The superiority of the LAMP methodology regarding robustness and sensitivity was demonstrated when only LAMP was able to detect V. dahliae in crude samples from naturally infected trees with very low infection levels, while nested PCR, SYBR and TaqMan qPCR failed to detect the pathogen in an unpurified form.
Conclusions: This study describes the development of a new real time LAMP assay, targeting the ITS region of the rRNA gene of V. dahliae in olive trees combined with a 3D-printed portable device for field testing using a tablet. The assay is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity as well as ability to operate using directly crude samples such as woody tissue or petioles. The reported methodology is setting the basis for the development of an on-site detection methodology for V. dahliae in olive trees, but also for other plant pathogens.
Development of a Novel Method to Characterize Shock Waves Interaction With Solid Objects
Authors: Rahman Mohammad , Mohamed Ahmed , Sweis Alexander , Chavez Joshua , Vorobieff Peter
Published: April 2024

Nuclear explosion in a densely populated area is the worst that can happen to any country in the world due to enormous loss of life, property and severe economic damage. Nuclear explosions immediately cause radiological damage and destruction of infrastructure. This hydro-magnetic shock propagation due to blast gives rise to simultaneous signals around the world. The effect of shockwave from nuclear explosion is an area that can be used to handle post and pre-disaster from nuclear explosion. This study focuses on the effects of shockwave on solid objects oriented in different formation. Experiments conducted in a horizontally placed shock tube and a solid object holder on the floor of the test section. These solid objects placed inside the test section of a shock tube collided with a planner shock wave which was generated but rupturing a diaphragm of different thickness. Four high speed pressure transducers strategically placed at different locations of this shock tube were used to characterize the blasts as well as interaction with the samples. A high speed Kronos and Phantom camera were used to record the exact moment of interaction to characterize the solid objects under the impact of different shock waves. Representative results of these experiments are reported here along with review of previous works done on this area.
Wind Speed Estimation and Power Generation Prediction Using A Hybrid Deep Multilayer Perceptron with Clonal Selective Optimisation
Authors: Kumar T. Vinoth
Published: April 2024

Wind energy is fast developing energy resource as it is renewable, pollution free and abundant. The nonlinear and fluctuation of wind are large demand for enhancing the reliability and accuracy of the power system that combines the wind speed. With an exact wind speed data, power system operators predict the power output for system planning and scheduling. Wind speed prediction is an essential factor in forecasting to attain the efficient wind power utilization. But the prediction time and accuracy performance were not improved using existing techniques. In order to address this problem, Deep Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network based Clonal Selective Optimization (DMLPNN-CSO) technique is introduced. The main objective of DMLPNN-CSO technique is to improve the performance of power generation prediction through wind speed estimation with higher accuracy based on mean air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure data. DMLPNN-CSO technique comprises two processes, namely deep multilayer perceptron neural network and clonal data selection algorithm. Initially in DMLPNN-CSO technique, wind turbine is considered as the input and given to the input layer in deep multilayer perceptron neural network. Wind turbine information is extracted and given to the hidden layer 1. In this layer, data preprocessing is performed through the median filter for removing unnecessary data. After that, the preprocessed data is given to the hidden layer 2 to estimate the wind speed. The estimated values are collected and get matched with the pre-stored values in the output layer by using softsign activation function. After estimation of wind speed, the optimal data gets selected by using clonal data selection algorithm for predicting the power generation. Clonal data selection algorithm performs the sorting, cloning and guassian mutation for finding the optimal value in power generation prediction. This in turn helps to improve prediction accuracy and reduce the time consumption. Experimental evaluation of proposed DMLPNN-CSO technique is carried out with respect to number of wind turbine data and data samples. The results showed that DMLPNN-CSO technique produces higher prediction accuracy and wind speed estimation rate when compared to state-of-the-art works.
Response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia related to alterations in regional cerebral blood flow
Authors: Sun Junyu , Zelaya Fernando , Sendt Kyra-Verena , McQueen Grant , Gillespie Amy , Lally John , Howes Oliver , Barker Gareth , McGuire Philip , MacCabe James , Egerton Alice
Published: April 2024

Neuroimaging studies indicate that in treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during clozapine treatment may vary according to the clinical response. To date, these studies have involved radiotracers. Here, we used arterial spin labelling (ASL) to compare CBF in participants with TRS (N=36) before starting treatment with clozapine and in healthy volunteers (N=16). We then compared CBF before and after 12 weeks of treatment with clozapine in TRS participants (N=24), in relation to changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) scores over the treatment period. At baseline, global CBF and CBF in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions were lower in participants with TRS than in healthy volunteers. After covarying for global CBF and age, lower CBF in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions was still evident. In the TRS group, higher striatal CBF at baseline was associated with greater improvement in total and general symptoms, and higher hippocampal CBF was associated with greater improvement in total and positive symptoms. Over the course of treatment there were longitudinal decreases in CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and increases in the left postcentral area. Longitudinal reductions in CBF in the ACC and thalamus were associated with less improvement in negative (ACC), positive (thalamus), and total (thalamus) symptoms. These findings indicate that the effect of clozapine in people with TRS may be related to regional CBF, and that assessing CBF has the potential to help in the stratification of this group according to clozapine response.
The Bayesian Central Limit Theorem for Exponential Family Distributions: A Geometric Approach
Authors: Goehle Geoff
Published: April 2024

The Bernstein-von Mises theorem, also known as the Bayesian Central Limit Theorem (BCLT), states that under certain assumptions a posterior distribution can be approximated as a multivariate normal distribution as long as the number of pseudo-observations is large. We derive a form of the BCLT for the canonical conjugate prior of a regular exponential family distribution using the machinery of information geometry. Our approach applies the core approximation for the BCLT, Laplace's method, to the free-entropy (i.e., log-normalizer) of an exponential family distribution. Additionally, we formulate approximations for the Kullback-Leibler divergence and Fisher-Rao metric on the conjugate prior manifold in terms of corresponding quantities from the likelihood manifold. We also include an application to the categorical distribution and show that the free-entropy derived approximations are related to various series expansions of the gamma function and its derivatives. Furthermore, for the categorical distribution, the free-entropy approximation produces higher order expansions than the BCLT alone.
Frequency ,Characteristics And Risk Factors Of Malnutrition Among Children Under Five Years Old In Wad Medni
Authors: abdalla Arwa faisal mohammed , Jaber Mohammed Hammad
Published: April 2024

Background
Malnutrition is the most common nutritional disorder in developing countries and it remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Childhood malnutrition is a multi-dimensional problem. An increase in household income is not sufficient to reduce childhood malnutrition if children are deprived of food security, education, access to water, sanitation and health services. However, due to regional variations in prevalence of acute malnutrition, it is important to explore the risk factors specific to the region, for designing and implementing public health interventions.
Objective
To assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among children under five years
Methods
A descriptive study enrolled 100 children under five years in Helat Hassan Health Centre, Wad-Medani, Gezira State during the period from November 2020 - March 2021. Data regarding children and families characteristics, nutritional history, health and medical history and anthropometric measurements were collected. Malnutrition was defined according to WHO guideline as -3SD of age specific BMI
Results
Among 100 children, 59(59%) males and 41(41%) females, their mean age was 33 ± 18 months. The frequency of malnutrition was 10% (n = 10) and underweighting was 18% (n = 18). Child's related risk factors associated with malnutrition were; children order above 4th (P. value = 0.000) and number of under 5 children in family above 3 children (P. value = 0.00). Family's related risk factors associated with malnutrition were; younger mother blow 30 years (P. value = 0.001), non-mother (relative) caregivers (P. value = 0.000), illiterate mothers (P. value = 0.046), employed mothers (P. value = 0.000), relative as income responsible (P. value = 0.009), lack of medical insurance (P. value = 0.047), lack of in-home source of water (P. value = 0.003), and low income blow 6,000 SDG (P. value = 0.000). Nutritional related risk factors associated with malnutrition were; lack of exclusive breastfeeding (P. value = 0.000), less than three meals per day (P. value = 0.021), lack of vegetables and fruits in daily nutrition (P. value = 0.006) and lack of milk and dietary products in daily nutrition (P. value = 0.000). Health related risk factors associated with malnutrition were; illness as cause of health care center visit (P. value = 0.018), anemia (P. value = 0.002), admission to hospital in last 2 months (P. value = 0.005), fever, cough, runny rose or chest infection in last 2 weeks (P. value = 0.032), chronic diarrhea (20.7%; P. value = 0.018) and history of malnutrition (P. value = 0.001).
Conclusion
The frequency of malnutrition is not neglectable in Helat Hassan Health Centre at Wad-Medani. Malnutrition was found to be multi-factorial and associated with child, family, nutritional and health related factors. Effective, efficient and equitable program and intervention should be designed to reduce child malnutrition
Exploring the Influence of Human Activities and COVID-19 Lockdown on Urban Air Quality in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kumar Porush
Published: April 2024

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationships between human activities, air quality dynamics, and the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in seven major cities of Rajasthan, India - Ajmer, Alwar, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Pali, and Udaipur. The study meticulously examines the fluctuations in concentrations of key pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2) from 2018 to 2022, covering pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown phases. Significant reductions in air pollutant concentrations were observed during the lockdown period, attributed to decreased anthropogenic activities, notably vehicular emissions and industrial operations. However, post-lockdown, a rebound effect was observed, indicating the challenges in sustaining air quality improvements amid economic resurgence. Notable findings include substantial declines in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 levels during the lockdown, followed by increases to varying degrees post-lockdown. The cities of Ajmer, Alwar, and Jaipur demonstrated divergent trends in pollutant concentrations, emphasizing the complex interplay between environmental factors and human behavior. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on air quality management by providing insights into the impacts of temporary interventions, such as lockdowns, on urban air quality dynamics. The findings underscore the need for holistic approaches integrating environmental policies, industrial regulations, and public health initiatives to mitigate air pollution’s adverse effects and safeguard public health and environmental well-being in urban regions.
Tracing Alzheimer's Genetic Footprints: A Pioneering Longitudinal Study Using Artificial Intelligence to Unravel Mutation-Driven Risks and Progression in Virtual Patients; Part 2 – The APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 mutations
Authors: Danter Wayne
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, presents complex challenges in early diagnosis and management. This study, leveraging the innovative aiHumanoid platform, explores the genetic underpinnings of AD through a longitudinal analysis of mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes. Using virtual patient simulations that integrate extensive medical and genetic literature, we examined the influence of these mutations on disease progression and biomarker development from early childhood through advanced age. Our findings reveal distinct progression patterns associated with these genetic variants, highlighting their potential in identifying early biomarkers, and refining diagnostic strategies. This part of our research broadens our understanding by including a wider array of genetic factors, thereby enhancing the potential for personalized treatment approaches. Ethical considerations regarding the use of AI in research were carefully addressed to ensure responsible technology integration into healthcare settings. The insights gained emphasize the transformative potential of AI in advancing AD research, laying a groundwork for future innovations in diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies.
A study on the suitability of Groundwater from physicochemical water quality parameters and using Water Quality Index (WQI)
Authors: Ali Niaz , Ali Fraraz
Published: April 2024

In the realm of global groundwater quality, including the Sindh province of Pakistan, there exists a significant risk due to various factors such as population growth, urban development, over-exploitation of groundwater resources, and contamination from sewage and industrial effluents. This research focuses on assessing the groundwater quality in Taluka Dokri by analyzing its physicochemical parameters. Findings indicate that 2.56% of samples exceeded permissible limits for color and odor, while approximately 23% were deemed unsuitable for drinking based on taste. Furthermore, elevated concentrations of Ca, Mg, TH, TDS, EC, and Cl rendered 30.77%, 38.46%, 30.77%, 41%, 100%, and 38.46% of samples unfit for drinking, respectively. Utilizing the Water Quality Index (WQI), analysis revealed 10.3%, 66.67%, and 23% of samples to be slightly, moderately, and highly polluted, respectively. Specific areas such as UC Tatri, Baghi Bindi, and Wakro exhibited slight pollution, while UCs like New Badh, Old Badh, and Dokri City showed extreme pollution. Proper treatment is necessary before consuming groundwater in these areas to mitigate health risks.
Johann Diederich Gries, 1775–1842
Authors: Kelletat Andreas F.
Published: April 2024

Unter Experten in Sachen Übersetzungsgeschichte ist Johann Diederich Gries kein Unbekannter. Er zählt z. B. zu den zehn "bedeutende[n] Übersetzerpersönlichkeiten von der frühen Neuzeit bis heute", deren Leben und Werk in der Europäischen Übersetzungsgeschichte von Jörn Albrecht und Iris Plack dargestellt wird. Friedmar Apels von Gottsched und Bode bis Dedecius und Enzensberger reichende "Leseliste zur Geschichte des Übersetzens in Deutschland" umfasst 60 Übersetzer, von Gries werden dessen Calderón- und Tasso-Übersetzungen zur Lektüre empfohlen.
Review of Issues Related to Introduction of Pre-negotiation System in Local Cities
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Jang Jae-Il
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of the pre-negotiation system, which is a means of recovering development profits resulting from urban planning changes in local cities. To this end, the operational guidelines of local governments implementing the pre-negotiation system were compared, and issues related to the introduction of the system in local cities were reviewed. Although each issue was derived through interviews targeting specific cities, it was of common interest to local governments with development potential in non-urban areas. Through this review process, it was found that the pre-negotiation system can be used as an appropriate means of recovering development profits generated in non-urban areas, and the study was able to promote local governments' understanding of the introduction of the prior negotiation system.
A Study on the Effectiveness of the Industrial Growth Induction Zone in Growth Management Planning : Targeting Non-urbanized Areas of Sejong Special Self-Governing City
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Lee Seung-Bok
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted on the growth management of non-urbanized areas in Sejong Special Self-Governing City, focusing on the operation of industrial growth induction zones for growth management plans. The effectiveness of integrating factories, warehouses, and manufacturing businesses, which are recommended for industrial growth induction zones, was investigated. Through in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in related industries, officials in charge, the chairman of the Sejong City Council, and city council members, three analysis results and suggestions were made. The main improvement measures included creation of planned locations, improvement of policy publicity issues, support policies to attract companies, prevention of reckless development in non-urban areas.
Exploring the Impact of Apartment Community Vitalization Projects on Residents’ Social Capital and Residential Satisfaction
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Lee Duck-Won , Lee Jae-Su
Published: April 2024

This study intends to explore the structural relationship between participation in community revitalization projects in apartment complexes and the formation of social capital among residents and their relationships with each other and the impact of formed social capital on residential satisfaction. The case study is the Lifelong Learning Village School of Chamisul Apartment in Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do. Focus Group Interview (FGI) has been conducted with 6 main participants. Social capital includs participation experience, trust, network, and norms, and residential satisfaction included safety, education, culture, environment, and neighborhood relationships. The results show that participation in community revitalization projects influences the formation of social capital in terms of participation experience, trust, network, and norm among community members, and participation experience influences network and trust. The social capital is found to affect housing satisfaction, although there are differences by some factors.
POSITIVE IMPACTS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND THEIR BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM PLANTS AGAINST HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA - REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Tamil Nadu, India, 600005., Raveendran Rakhi , Kanakarajan Sivakumari ,   Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Tamil Nadu, India, 600005., Selvaraj Rajesh ,   Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA, 25703.
Published: April 2024

The terrible nature of the condition and the lack of an effective, long-lasting treatment, anticancer therapy has become one of the biggest issues in the medical field. In light of this, it is believed that discovering an effective drug is a popular research issue in the field of medical science. There is a long history of using plant-derived extracts, mixtures, fractions, and phyto-chemicals to treat liver issues. The goal of this study is to assess the scientific research on the efficacy of various bioactive compounds that have been isolated from plant extracts over the past 20 years against the fatal disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The knowledge at hand includes a number of research and tests employing plant parts such as stems, leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, bark etc. And we could deduce from the literature that the researchers conducted in-vitro, in-vivo, ex-vivo, and other types of experiment using these extracts to obtain the best outcomes. This study aims to assess the level of progress made in the quest for a suitable, long-lasting natural treatment for HCC and makes an effort to compile a list of plants that have been shown to have hepato-protective properties. Finding new anticancer drugs derived from natural resources will receive more focus.
ASSESSING ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE ON LAND USE AND LAND COVER IN THE MAFERE SUB-PREFECTURE IN SOUTH-EAST COTE DIVOIRE
Authors:   Laboratoire dEcologie et de Developpement Durable (LEDD), Unite de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Nature, Universite Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Kablan K. R. , Koffi K. J. ,   Laboratoire dEcologie et de Developpement Durable (LEDD), Unite de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Nature, Universite Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire.,   Laboratoire de Botanique et Valorisation de la Diversite Vegetale (LaBVDiV), Unite de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Nature, Universite Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Douffi K. G.-C. ,   Laboratoire dEcologie et de Developpement Durable (LEDD), Unite de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Nature, Universite Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire.,   Laboratoire de Botanique et Valorisation de la Diversite Vegetale (LaBVDiV), Unite de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Nature, Universite Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., NGuettia Y. F. ,   Laboratoire dEcologie et de Developpement Durable (LEDD), Unite de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Nature, Universite Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., NGuessan Y. J. ,   Laboratoire dEcologie et de Developpement Durable (LEDD), Unite de Formation et de Recherche - Sciences de la Nature, Universite Nangui ABROGOUA, Abidjan, Cote dIvoire.
Published: April 2024

Several hectares of forest disappear every year in Cote dIvoire, particularly in the Aboisso Department. Despite the fight to preserve biodiversity and forest cover, numerous pressures (anthropogenic pressures) continue to be exerted on the forests, leading to their destruction and even increased deforestation. This deforestation has many consequences, including reduced biodiversity and climate change. This study was initiated to gain a better understanding of this reduction in forest area. The aim of the study is to assess the level of forest degradation in the Mafere sub-prefecture. The activities involve mapping and analyzing the dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC). To achieve these objectives, the study is based on satellite images (Landsat 5, 7 and 8) from 1986, 2000 and 2020. The results of LULC dynamics show, on the one hand, a decline in closed forest/swamp forest (96.29%), degraded forest (76.75%), crop/fallow (67.03%) and annual crops (38.35%) and, on the other hand, an increase in cocoa (675.25%), oil palm (193.13%), rubber (14.39%) and housing/bare land (101.26%). The extension of agricultural areas in search of resources (natural and financial), demographic pressures, still traditional cultivation techniques and climate change are the main factors causing the degradation of forests in the Mafere sub-prefecture.
EXPLORING FACTORS INFLUENCING INFORMATION SOURCE PREFERENCES IN THE LIFE INSURANCE INDUSTRY: A FACTOR ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors:   Research Scholar., Sreelakshmi V. , Satyanarayana S.V. ,   Research Scholar.
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the availability of information sources preferences for individuals seeking life insurance policies. With the life insurance landscape evolving rapidly, understanding the accessibility and efficacy of information is crucial. This study examines various sources including insurance agents, company websites, online platforms, social media, and traditional media. Through quantitative surveys, it assesses the comprehensiveness, reliability, and impact of these sources on consumers decision-making processes. The findings provide insights for insurance companies to enhance consumer education, improve awareness, and optimize communication strategies, ultimately fostering a more informed and empowered consumer base in the life insurance market.This research delves into the nuanced determinants influencing insured individuals choices of information sources within the life insurance industry, employing a factor analysis methodology.Factor analysis is employed to identify and analyze the underlying dimensions. The study aims to uncover the key factors that influence insured persons decision-making processes and satisfaction levels in Life insurance.
PERSPECTIVE ON OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: J. Huldah
Published: April 2024

An important trend in nursing education has been the move to an OUTCOME or COMPETENCY-BASED model, where the learning outcomes are defined and decisions about the curriculum are based on these. The aim of the study was to explore the perspectives of the students regarding OSCE (Objective structured clinical examination). A descriptive survey using 19 item three-point Likerts scale questionnaire was conducted. The study sample consisted of 190 B.Sc., (N) students. 76.31% students were agreed that OSCE is well structured and sequenced, 76.31% students agreed that OSCE represented an objective evaluation method of psychomotor skills and 76.42% students perceived their OSCE experience positively than traditional examination. In conclusion, the OSCE appears to be single gold-standard assessment tool for clinical competency. In combination with other assessment methods in the clinical settings, OSCE will provide a more comprehensive student psychomotor skill evaluation. OSCE experience gave new nursing graduates confidence to work as registered nurses in health care settings.