bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULATIONS OF THE CHEMISTRY IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD
Authors: Acharyya Kinsuk , Herbst Eric
Published: May 2016

The Large (LMC) and Small (SMC) Magellanic Clouds are irregular satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. Both are metal- and dust-poor, although the SMC is significantly poorer in both. We have recently simulated the chemistry in cold dense regions of the LMC and found that a rich chemistry exists in the gas-phase. In this paper, we report a companion study of the chemistry of dense regions of the SMC, confining our attention to cold regions of dense clouds with a variety of densities, visual extinctions, and grain temperatures, and a fixed gas-phase temperature. With a gas-to-dust ratio and elemental abundances based on observations and scaling, we found that for molecules like CO and N2, which are predominantly formed in the gas phase, their abundances are consistent with the reduced elemental abundances of their constituent elements above 25 K; however, for species that are produced fully (e.g., CH3OH) or partially on the grain surface (e.g., H2CO, NH3), the dependence on metallicity can be complex. Most of the major gas-phase species observed in our Galaxy are produced in the SMC although in lower quantities. With our simulations, we are able to explain observed gas-phase abundances reasonably well in the dense sources N27 and LIRS 36. We have also compared our calculated abundances of selected ices with limited observations in dense regions in front of young stellar objects.
VOYAGER OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETIC WAVES DUE TO NEWBORN INTERSTELLAR PICKUP IONS: 2–6 au
Authors: Aggarwal Poornima , Taylor David K. , Smith Charles W. , Joyce Colin J. , Fisher Meghan K. , Isenberg Philip A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Cannon Bradford E. , Richardson John D.
Published: May 2016

We report observations by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft of low-frequency magnetic waves excited by newborn interstellar pickup ions H+ and He+ during 1978–1979 when the spacecraft were in the range from 2 to 6.3 au. The waves have the expected association with the cyclotron frequency of the source ions, are left-hand polarized in the spacecraft frame, and have minimum variance directions that are quasi-parallel to the local mean magnetic field. There is one exception to this in that one wave event that is excited by pickup H+ is right-hand polarized in the spacecraft frame, but similar exceptions have been reported by Cannon et al. and remain unexplained. We apply the theory of Lee & Ip that predicts the energy spectrum of the waves and then compare growth rates with turbulent cascade rates under the assumption that turbulence acts to destroy the enhanced wave activity and transport the associated energy to smaller scales where dissipation heats the background plasma. As with Cannon et al., we find that the ability to observe the waves depends on the ambient turbulence being weak when compared with growth rates, thereby allowing sustained wave growth. This analysis implies that the coupled processes of pitch-angle scattering and wave generation are continuously associated with newly ionized pickup ions, despite the fact that the waves themselves may not be directly observable. When waves are not observed, but wave excitation can be argued to be present, the wave energy is simply absorbed by the turbulence at a rate that prevents significant accumulation. In this way, the kinetic process of wave excitation by scattering of newborn ions continues to heat the plasma without producing observable wave energy. These findings support theoretical models that invoke efficient scattering of new pickup ions, leading to turbulent driving in the outer solar wind and in the IBEX ribbon beyond the heliopause.
THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM OF THE COMA CD GALAXY NGC 4874 FROM HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE ACS AND WFC3/IR IMAGING*
Authors: Cho Hyejeon , Blakeslee John P. , Chies-Santos Ana L. , Jee M. James , Jensen Joseph B. , Peng Eric W. , Lee Young-Wook
Published: May 2016

We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of the rich globular cluster (GC) system NGC 4874, the cD galaxy in the core of the Coma cluster (Abell 1656). NGC 4874 was observed with the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys in the F475W (g
475) and F814W (I
814) passbands and with the Wide Field Camera 3 IR Channel in F160W (H
160). The GCs in this field exhibit a bimodal optical color distribution with more than half of the GCs falling on the red side at g
475−I
814 > 1. Bimodality is also present, though less conspicuously, in the optical-NIR I
814−H
160 color. Consistent with past work, we find evidence for nonlinearity in the g
475−I
814 versus I
814−H
160 color–color relation. Our results thus underscore the need for understanding the detailed form of the color–metallicity relations in interpreting observational data on GC bimodality. We also find a very strong color–magnitude trend, or “blue tilt,” for the blue component of the optical color distribution of the NGC 4874 GC system. A similarly strong trend is present for the overall mean I
814−H
160 color as a function of magnitude; for M
814 < −10 mag, these trends imply a steep mass–metallicity scaling with

Z
∝

M

GC

1.4
±
0.4

, but the scaling is not a simple power law and becomes much weaker at lower masses. As in other similar systems, the spatial distribution of the blue GCs is more extended than that of the red GCs, partly because of blue GCs associated with surrounding cluster galaxies. In addition, the center of the GC system is displaced by 4 ± 1 kpc toward the southwest from the luminosity center of NGC 4874, in the direction of NGC 4872. Finally, we remark on a dwarf elliptical galaxy with a noticeably asymmetrical GC distribution. Interestingly, this dwarf has a velocity of nearly −3000 km s−1 with respect to NGC 4874; we suggest it is on its first infall into the cluster core and is undergoing stripping of its GC system by the cluster potential.
PSR B0329+54: STATISTICS OF SUBSTRUCTURE DISCOVERED WITHIN THE SCATTERING DISK ON RADIOASTRON BASELINES OF UP TO 235,000 km
Authors: Gwinn C. R. , Popov M. V. , Bartel N. , Andrianov A. S. , Johnson M. D. , Joshi B. C. , Kardashev N. S. , Karuppusamy R. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Kramer M. , Rudnitskii A. G. , Safutdinov E. R. , Shishov V. I. , Smirnova T. V. , Soglasnov V. A. , Steinmassl S. F. , Zensus J. A. , Zhuravlev V. I.
Published: May 2016

We discovered fine-scale structure within the scattering disk of PSR B0329+54 in observations with the RadioAstron ground–space radio interferometer. Here we describe this phenomenon, characterize it with averages and correlation functions, and interpret it as the result of decorrelation of the impulse-response function of interstellar scattering between the widely separated antennas. This instrument included the 10 m Space Radio Telescope, the 110 m Green Bank Telescope, the 14 × 25 m Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, and the 64 m Kalyazin Radio Telescope. The observations were performed at 324 MHz on baselines of up to 235,000 km in 2012 November and 2014 January. In the delay domain, on long baselines the interferometric visibility consists of many discrete spikes within a limited range of delays. On short baselines it consists of a sharp spike surrounded by lower spikes. The average envelope of correlations of the visibility function shows two exponential scales, with characteristic delays of

τ

1

=
4.1
±
0.3

μ
s

and

τ

2

=
23
±
3

μ
s

, indicating the presence of two scales of scattering in the interstellar medium. These two scales are present in the pulse-broadening function. The longer scale contains 0.38 times the scattered power of the shorter one. We suggest that the longer tail arises from highly scattered paths, possibly from anisotropic scattering or from substructure at large angles.
Aspects définitoires, nomologiques et psychométriques de l’amour compassionnel : validation de la version française de la Compassionate Love Scale
Authors: Indoumou Peppe Charlay , Gana Kamel
Published: May 2016

Cette recherche présente la validation d’une adaptation en langue française de la Compassionate Love Scale For Closes Others (CLS ; Sprecher & Fehr, 2005) auprès de 311 participants Français âgés de 18 à 83 ans. Les corrélations entre la CLS-Fr et certains traits de la personnalité, tels que le caractère consciencieux, l’agréabilité et l’extraversion, plaident en faveur de la validité de construit de cette version. La valeur du coefficient alpha (α= .92) plaide en faveur de la fiabilité des scores à cette échelle. Les analyses factorielles réalisées permettent de confirmer sa structure initiale. Ces résultats ont été discutés à la lumière de l’utilité du concept de l’amour compassionnel et de ses applications dans les relations interpersonnelles et les comportements pro-sociaux.
Stéréotypes et identités de genre au Cameroun. Une validation de Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)
Authors: Tchagang Emmanuel
Published: May 2016

L’objet de cette recherche est double : adapter et valider un instrument de mesure du genre (l’inventaire des rôles sexuels de BEM (Bem Sex Role Inventory – BSRI)) et identifier les types de genre au Cameroun. Nous avons suivi la méthodologie de traduction et les étapes de validation transculturelle d’instruments psychologiques préconisées par Vallerand (1989). Les résultats attestent de la validité de l’instrument sur un échantillon de jeunes étudiants camerounais. L’instrument de mesure du genre issu de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire est formé de 22 items regroupés en 6 facteurs latents lesquels se structurent en 2 facteurs d’ordre supérieur : féminité et masculinité. Les types de genre identifiés sont : les « androgynes », les « typés masculins », les « typés féminins » et les « non différenciés ».
La résolution de conflits
Authors: Marcq Geoffrey
Published: May 2016

Cet outil vise à éclairer d’une façon un peu différente la résolution de conflits, en empruntant des notions à différentes disciplines avec lesquels tous ne sont pas nécessairement familiarisés – notamment l’éthologie. Il ne se veut pas une méthode pratique pour éviter ou résoudre un conflit. A l’inverse, il propose de reculer d’un pas et d’observer un panorama de la résolution du conflit, en alliant des exemples venant des animaux, des enfants et des adultes, ainsi que des situations en provenance de la fiction narrative. Se faisant, l’intention est d’apporter un recul sur le sujet, de souligner que la réconciliation répond à des impératifs évolutifs, de permettre à chacun de poser des questionnements, de signaler des pistes de réponse et de ré-interpréter son environnement. Pourquoi se réconcilier ? Comment ? Avec qui ?
Travail du rêve et travail formel de l’image : interaction entre anthropologie et métapsychologie
Authors: Levy Sydney
Published: May 2016

L’interaction entre métapsychologie et anthropologie permet de saisir la puissance de l’image onirique et son statut particulier. D’un point de vue clinique, il s’agit, à travers l’écoute analytique, d’être affecté esthétiquement par son évocation.
Le rêve nous pense-t-il ? Reprise d’une interrogation
Authors: Dayan Maurice
Published: May 2016

Il y a une différence essentielle entre les opérations de la pensée vigile et la passivité du rêveur endormi, qui se borne à recevoir et à suivre le produit du penser-rêvant qui le précède et le sous-tend. Le solipsisme du rêveur, condition de son affection : compromis et affecté par ce qui arrive, le rêveur est condamné à rester témoin de ce qui se passe et advient au je rêvé. Quant au penser rêvant, anonyme quoique singulier, il demeure enclos dans son enceinte imaginaire et n’a nulle intention de communiquer. L’inconscient refoulé se situe, lui, en deçà des pensées latentes que le rêveur peut avoir eues à l’état vigile. Ce n’est pas le sujet qui pense le rêve, c’est le rêve qui pense l’être rêvant, sa vie actuelle et passée. Le rêve est en lui-même une « formation-sujet » qui se déploie sans se connaître en tant que telle, se saisissant de l’être endormi sur un mode épisodique à travers un flux d’images-événements. Rêveur et rêve procèdent d’un même penser rêvant qui donne une consistance fugace au réel de l’être endormi. Trois modifications corrélées des problématiques traditionnelles en découlent : du rêve lui-même, devenu « sujet » ; de la pensée ; de son corrélat, l’être rêvant en tant qu’individu. Le rêve invente de l’événement, c’est sa manière de nous penser. Quelques exemples témoignent de la dynamique conflictuelle du travail de rêve , qui met aux prises des aspects hétérogènes du « tissu de pensées » (Freud) issues de diverses régions de l’être endormi. Ce sont là des matrices d’événements susceptibles de capter – sans les unifier – les stimulations internes assaillant le dormeur. Ces matrices sont en fait des formants du penser entre lesquels se manifestent une disparité et des oppositions. Le rêve nous pense pour autant qu’il est seul apte à faire confluer des courants issus de lieux psychiques hétérogènes, qu’aucune pensée de veille n’a précédemment rassemblés chez un même individu. La vie pulsionnelle à l’œuvre dans le rêve est faite de mixtes mêlant mouvements libidinaux et impulsions mortifères, qui appellent l’invention du penser solitaire exposé au refoulé. Cela conduit à montrer l’irréductibilité de ce mode de penser et son implication effective dans le travail de rêve qu’il suscite au cours de sa rapide progression.
Remarques relatives à la théorie et à la clinique du rêve
Authors: Dupeu Jean-Marc
Published: May 2016

L’auteur s’attache à pointer, chez Freud, la coexistence contradictoire entre les chapitres vi et vii de L’Interprétation du rêve , et son élaboration ultérieure importante dans son « Complément métapsychologique à la doctrine du rêve », qui prend en compte la fonction du processus du rêver lui-même. S’accordant avec les développements récents de Maurice Dayan autour du « penser rêvant », l’auteur soutient l’hypothèse d’une « fonction introjective du rêver », rapprochant le travail du rêve du travail du deuil.
Quelques observations à propos de récits de rêves
Authors: Fognini Mireille
Published: May 2016

Il s’agit de s’interroger sur la notion des récits de rêves et de ses implications dans la cure, pour le patient comme pour l’analyste. Le récit de rêve est une construction « consciente » et parcellaire du « rêve rêvé », d’émotions et d’images rêvées ; elle est relatée avec des mots dont la fonction commune de transmission ne peut donner la vivance des impressions profondes d’une chair émotionnelle qui tente de se dire avec ses turbulences. Il est donc prudent de la part de l’analyste, et respectueux pour l’intimité profonde du rêveur et de celui qui en fait le récit, d’en suivre bien les détails, afin d’accompagner au mieux le passage, la transformation de vécus perceptivo-émotionnels à une pensée créative et associative. Un bref exemple en souligne l’importance. Les concepts de « pensée onirique de l’état de veille » et de fonction alpha sont alors des outils précieux, comme en témoignent les recherches de Bion, Ogden, Ferro et Civitarese.
De quelques voies nouvelles sur le rêve en psychanalyse
Authors: Tisseron Serge
Published: May 2016

Quand on pense aux rêves et à la psychanalyse, ce sont évidemment les deux textes que Freud a consacrés à ce sujet qui s’imposent : La science des rêves d’abord, et Le complément ensuite. Mais de nombreux psychanalystes, à sa suite, ont repris quelques-uns de ses concepts pour les compléter. Par ailleurs, des travaux récents sur le fantasme et le rêve diurne apportent aujourd’hui un éclairage inédit sur le rêve. Enfin, et bien qu’ils n’aient pas été pensés dans ce but, ils permettent de mieux comprendre nos relations aux écrans : on entre dans ceux-ci comme dans un rêve ou une rêverie, et on y développe parfois, comme dans ceux-ci, une imagination utile au lendemain. Mais on peut aussi s’y perdre sans retour, comme dans une rêvasserie inutile.
Responsabilité laïque et interprétation éthique
Authors: Aguera Marie
Published: May 2016

Freud disait de lui-même qu’il était un Juif infidèle, la psychanalyse qu’il a inventée est elle-même à la fois laïque et résolument subversive. Il existe un courant dans le judéo-christianisme qui préconise un effacement de la figure divine et des rites religieux à la faveur d’une éthique de la responsabilité d’autrui. Ce texte reprend rapidement les grandes lignes de ce courant, et tente de démontrer ce qu’il a de familier avec la psychanalyse : de la Bible à Nathalie Zaltzman, le sujet aux prises avec une histoire individuelle et collective angoissante et mortifère doit s’affranchir de ses repères et de ses certitudes à voir le mal comme extérieur à lui-même. C’est le travail du doute qui permet, dans un remaniement incessant, de prendre une place responsable dans sa vie et celle de la collectivité. C’est là le fondement de la psychanalyse, et une voie de réponse au retour des fondamentalismes religieux qui s’appuient sur la peur de l’autre et de l’engagement.
Les territoires mouvants de la production de montres japonaises : le groupe Seiko au cours du XX e siècle
Authors: Donzé Pierre-Yves
Published: May 2016

Le groupe Seiko, la plus grande entreprise horlogère japonaise, a connu au cours du XX e siècle trois grands modes d’organisation territoriale de son système de production. La fabrication de montres a été successivement réalisée au sein du cluster urbain de la petite mécanique, à Tokyo (1895-1940), du district industriel de Nagano (1940-1985) et d’un système transnational de production en Asie de l’Est et du Sud-est (depuis 1985). Cet article présente les caractéristiques de ces divers types organisationnels, ainsi que les facteurs qui ont expliquent le passage à de nouvelles formes d’organisation industrielle.
Comparing Two Residential Suburban Areas in the Costa Blanca, Spain
Authors: Serrano-Estrada Leticia , Nolasco-Cirugeda Almudena , Martí Pablo
Published: May 2016

The Costa Blanca in the province of Alicante (Spain) represents an emblematic example of suburban development around Mediterranean medium-sized cities, with the existence of a wide range of residential settlements devoted both to the native population and foreign-born groups. Condominiums, gated communities and single-family housing have few facilities and inadequate space for outdoor activities related to leisure and recreation. Such settlements are characterized by a fluctuation in population which increases in the summer, fostered by the high demand for sun, sand and sea tourism. At the same time, they display a lack of vibrant public spaces and a narrow range of accommodation options and activities. Urban sociability, understood as social opportunities afforded by space characteristics, is highly dependent on physical features such as variety in space, diversity of housing types and configuration of urban activities. The aim of this study is to analyze these aforementioned factors in two predominantly residential settlements, i.e., Gran Alacant and La Marina-Oasis. Our research indicates a likely relationship among the following urban features in terms of whether or not they promote social life: the existing number and location of activities (retail, facilities and residential tourism related services), the distribution and diversity of dwellings, and the configuration of open spaces. Each of the aforementioned urban features is analyzed in order to understand how they may contribute to sociability.
Suburban Densification in Oslo through the Lens of Social and Cultural Sustainability
Authors: Stenbro Rikke , Skorupka Aga , Kørte Kirsten Østensjø , Lunke Erik Bjørnson , Hellvik Hege
Published: May 2016

Contemporary Oslo has an annual population growth of circa 2% and viewed in a Norwegian perspective, it is growing faster than any other city. In this article we investigate whether social and cultural sustainability are taken in to account in the densification policy and practices taking place here. We start with an overview of research on socio-cultural sustainability and in particular how it has been addressed in the Norwegian context. After setting a theoretical and conceptual framework we investigate densification and social and cultural sustainability at different scales. Our analysis focuses on the policy level. We conduct a text analysis of the new municipal plan. Then, to provide a bottom-up perspective, we zoom in on one of the suburban areas, pointed out in the plan as a densification site. We combine survey with a mapping of the area and a description of its historical development to get an understanding of what the densification that has already taken place there, means for the residents. Our findings indicate that social and cultural resources are place specific. Additionally, what residents consider as resources valuable of being handed over for future generations is not always the same as what experts identify as worth preserving.
‘Green' Supply Chain Management
Authors: Aital Padmanabha , Vijai Prince
Published: May 2016

Operational practices of ‘green' supply chain processes within as well as across the firm boundaries are strongly linked with the firm performance. However, the desire for such practices is governed by external and/or internal factors. The challenge, therefore, for supply chain and operations managers is to design and develop an operations strategy that ensures the firms investments in such ‘green' initiatives. We develop a theoretical framework for resource allocation strategies for sustainable manufacturing operations that can be characterized as speculative, responsible, efficient, and sustainable resource allocation. This can aid managers in characterizing and controlling the firm's underlying operational processes and guide resource allocation decisions at strategic level.
Environmental Accounting for Industrial Growth and Sustainable Development in India
Authors: Singh Archana , Panackal Nehajoan , Venkataramani Bhama
Published: May 2016

Environmental accounting is an important function that provides industry with a means to incorporate information with business decision making and business operations. This chapter evaluates the extent to which the process of environmental accounting can be applied as a solid foundation for industrial growth and sustainability. Having an environmental accounting system in place allows the industry to better manage environmental costs and to discover new opportunities to minimize environmental costs through environmental thinking to the industrial sector. Researchers have adopted systematic literature review as a methodology to generate strong knowledge base for the study. In this paper, the theoretical foundation of environmental accounting and reporting is discussed with reference to India. The insights gained will shed light on positive outcomes of adopting environmental accounting for sustainability and manufacturing management in the industrial sector of India.
Role of Sustainable Procurement in Sustainable Manufacturing Operations
Authors: Venkatesh V.G. , Luthra Sunil
Published: May 2016

Sustainable Procurement is an emerging concept in India in the recent times. It is imperative for the production firms to look the procurement activity as one of the strategic enabler for sustaining the business in the competitive global environment. Moreover, sustainability in India has been understood in multiple meanings and it is essential to bring the awareness on sustainable procurement and its impact on manufacturing. This chapter elucidates the key drivers of sustainable procurement along with a complete discussion on the importance of those practices in the Indian context. It also lists some of the key trends in the current business environment. The study endorses that manufacturing industry dominated by SMEs are highly reluctant to adopt sustainability as they lack awareness and perceive them as a cost escalation activity. It also reveals challenges faced by the firms and gives a conclusion on the future directions for sustainable procurement research in Indian context.
Role of Molecular Docking in Computer-Aided Drug Design and Development
Authors: Agarwal Rahul , Singh Ashutosh , Sen Subhabrata
Published: May 2016

Molecular Docking is widely used in CADD (Computer-Aided Drug Designing), SBDD (Structure-Based Drug Designing) and LBDD (Ligand-Based Drug Designing). It is a method used to predict the binding orientation of one molecule with the other and used for any kind of molecule based on the interaction like, small drug molecule with its protein target, protein – protein binding or a DNA – protein binding. Docking is very much popular technique due to its reliable prediction properties. This book chapter will provide an overview of diverse docking methodologies present that are used in drug design and development. There will be discussion on several case studies, pertaining to each method, followed by advantages and disadvantages of the discussed methodology. It will typically aim professionals in the field of cheminformatics and bioinformatics, both in academia and in industry and aspiring scientists and students who want to take up this as a profession in the near future. We will conclude with our opinion on the effectiveness of this technology in the future of pharmaceutical industry.
Application of Docking Methodologies in QSAR-Based Studies
Authors: Deeb Omar , Martínez-Pachecho Heidy , Ramírez-Galicia Guillermo , Garduño-Juárez Ramón
Published: May 2016

The computational strategies permeate all aspects of drug discovery such as virtual screening techniques. Virtual screening can be classified into ligand based and structure based methods. The ligand based method such as Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) is used when a set of active ligand compounds is recognized and slight or no structural information is available for the receptors. In structure based drug design, the most widespread method is molecular docking. It is widely accepted that drug activity is obtained through the molecular binding of one ligand to receptor. In their binding conformations, the molecules exhibit geometric and chemical complementarity, both of which are essential for successful drug activity. The molecular docking approach can be used to model the interaction between a small drug molecule and a protein, which allow us to characterize the performance of small molecules in the binding site of target proteins as well as to clarify fundamental biochemical processes.
Binding Affinity Analysis of Aptamer Targeted to Live Bacterial Cells
Authors: Zhang Cong Xiao , Lv Xue Fei , Qing Hong , Deng Yu Lin
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the binding assay of potential aptamer candidates targeted to L. acidophilus was monitored by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the equilibrium dissociation constant of the aptamer-bacterial cell interaction were estimated.
Bubble Formation in the Underwater Laser Ablation of Silicon
Authors: Charee Wisan , Tangwarodomnukun Viboon , Dumkum Chaiya
Published: May 2016

Thermal damage of workpiece material induced by laser machining process can be reduced by using the underwater technique. This method requies the whole workpiece to be submerged in water while a laser beam strikes the work surface for ablation. Though water can cool the workpiece during the ablation, the dynamic features of water can adversely interfere the laser beam. The vapor bubbles created in water can scatter the laser beam and in turn attenuate the laser intensity at the work surface so as the ablation performance. In this paper, the bubble formation caused by laser machining of silicon in water was investigated and analyzed. The shadowgraph technique associated with the high speed camera was used to capture and measure the vapor bubble in water. The bubble size was found to increase with the laser pulse energy. After a number of laser pulses irradiated on the workpiece surface, the bubble was broken up into small ones which can significantly disturb the laser beam so as the ablation performance.
Tool’s Edges Fragmentation at Gear Hobs – A Method to Reduce Cutting Vibrations
Authors: Simionescu Cristian Silviu
Published: May 2016

One of the reasons causing vibration for gear hob toothing is the shock at the tool’s entry, which is generated by the great length of the cutting edge entering the metal at the same time. This paper proposes a fragmentation of the cutting edge so that its length is much smaller. Moreover, the cutting scheme is also changed, so that the entire tooth line of the piece is made with four consecutive teeth of the tool. Therefore, the impact force input generating shock and vibration is significantly reduced.
Effect of Activating Flux on the A356 and 6061 Aluminum Alloy GMA Welds
Authors: Lin Hsuan Liang , Wang Wun Kai
Published: May 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of activating fluxes on the weld bead geometry, hot cracking susceptibility and mechanical property of A356 and 6061 aluminum alloy dissimilar welds in the gas metal arc (GMA) welding process. In this activated GMA welding process, there were nine single-component fluxes used in the initial experiment to evaluate the penetration capability of butt-joint GMA welds. The grey relational analysis (GRA) was employed to obtain the better weld bead geometry of welds that were considered with multiple quality characteristics. Based on higher grey relational grade (GRG), four single-component fluxes were selected to create mixed-component flux in the next stage. The experimental results showed that the GMA welds coated with activating flux were provided with better geometry of dissimilar welds. The experimental procedure of activated GMA welding process not only produced a significant increase in tensile strength of welds, but also improved the hot cracking susceptibility of aluminum alloy welds.
Effects of Strain-Rate and Deformation Mode on Strain-Induced Martensite Transformation of AISI 304L Steel Sheet
Authors: de Melo Pereira Alexandre , Costa Cardoso Marcelo , Moreira Luciano Pessanha
Published: May 2016

Metastable austenitic stainless steels are prone to strain-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) during deformation at room temperature, as in the case of sheet metal forming processes. SIMT is influenced by chemical composition, grain size, temperature, deformation mode or stress state and strain-rate effects. In this work, uniaxial and plane-strain tension tests were performed in AISI 304L sheet to evaluate the SIMT as a function of strain-rate. Feritscope and temperature in-situ measurements were performed during the uniaxial tensile testing. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed to determine the in-plane surface strains of the plane-strain tension specimen. From the uniaxial tensile and plane-strain tension results, the yield stress increased with the strain-rate in the small strain range whereas a cross-effect in the stress-strain curve is exhibited in the large strain domain. This effect is attributed to the specimen heat generation, which inhibits the SIMT phenomenon. Conversely, plane-strain deformation mode displayed a higher SIMT rate and an improved work-hardening behavior in comparison to the uniaxial tensile straining.
Modeling of Cut Depth and Surface Analyses of Silicon Wafer in Laser Micromachining Process
Authors: Mekloy Seksit , Tangwarodomnukun Viboon , Dumkum Chaiya
Published: May 2016

Silicon has widely been used as a substrate material in various microfabrication processes. Cut depth and surface morphology of silicon obtained from laser ablation process have to be well controlled to achieve the required features of micro-components being made. Though laser power has been known as a major factor affecting these responses, the detailed investigations of this factor on cut geometries and surface quality have still been deficiency. In this research, the cut geometries and surface characteristics of silicon induced by a pulse laser were experimentally investigated. The increase in laser power not only increased the cut dimensions, but also increased the debris deposition on and inside the cut channel. Furthermore, an analytical model was developed in this study to predict the cut depth of silicon in pulsed laser ablation, and an agreement between the prediction and experiment was also demonstrated.
Effect of Cationization Conditions on Dyeing Properties of Hemp Fabric with Natural Dye Extracted from Arabica Coffee Ground
Authors: Butthongkum Supathra , Sritapunya Thritima , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this research is to investigate the optimum conditions of cationization on hemp fabric which affect staining with natural dye solution extracted from Arabica coffee ground. For this work, three conditions for cationization on hemp fabric were investigated including temperature, time and concentration of cationic with liquor ratio of 1:100. Then, the cationized fabrics were dyed with 50% on weight fabric (owf) of coffee ground dye at 90°C for 60 min by using liquor ratio of 1:100. Dyed fabrics were measured color strength (K/S value) and color value (CIELAB color-different value) to indicate staining and to compare to non-cationized hemp fabric. It was found that the optimum conditions of cationization on hemp fabric for staining were 5%owf of cationic concentration at 90°C for 30 min providing the highest K/S value.
Self-Cleaning and Antibacterial Properties of Paint Containing ZnO and WO3 Co-Doped VO2 Thermochromic Nano-Pigment
Authors: Prommin Vittaya , Sikong Lek , Kooptarnond Kalyanee
Published: May 2016

Thermochromic nano-pigments of ZnO and WO3 co-doped VO2 for mixing in paint were prepared by chemical method. The samples were successfully synthesized after annealing at 700°C for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere. ZnO concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 at% were co-doped with WO3 in VO2. The 0.1 at% ZnO doping exhibited an amorphous phase, while 0.3 and 0.5 at% ZnO doping showed monoclinic phase having thermochromic transition temperatures of 59.43 and 52.60°C, respectively. The crystallite size of 0.5 at% ZnO doped monoclinic phase was 42 nm. The coating paints on glass substrates were prepared by mixing white colour paint with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of the 0.5 at% ZnO and WO3 co-doped VO2 nano-pigment. It was found that the paint with 0.5 wt% loading exhibited self-cleaning properties and 99.99% antibacterial against under UV irradiation for 40 min.
Crystallinity, Tapping and Bulk Density of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) Isolated from Rice Husk (RH)
Authors: Zuliahani A. , Nurul Nadhirah R. , Rozyanty A.R. , Nawawi Wan Izhan , Nor Hanani A.B.
Published: May 2016

The isolation of microcryostalline cellulose (MCC) from rice husk (RH) via acid hydrolysis process has been successfully prepared by using different molarity of nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acids (HCl). The properties of MCC obtained such as tapping and bulk densities, thermal stability and percentage crystallinity were studied. Tapping and bulk densities shown comparable results regardless of different acid used that reflecting the potential of MCC as reinforcement filler in composite fabrication. The usage of 2M HNO3 gives highest percentage crystallinity (69%) in comparison with 2M HCl (49%). The result indicates the stability of MCC-RH obtained using HNO3 has great potential to replace strong acid in acid hydrolysis process.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell by Using Microwave-Induced KOH Activation Technique
Authors: Nayai M.I.M. , Ismail Khudzir , Ishak Mohd Azlan Mohd , Zaharudin N. , Nawawi Wan Izhan
Published: May 2016

Coconut shell-based activated carbon (CSAc) was prepared by chemical activation method using microwave-induced KOH technique. The activation process was successfully carried out with varying microwave power ranging from 100 to 1000 W and impregnation ratio of 1.0 to 3.0. The surface area, pore sizes, surface morphology and specific capacitance of the produced activated carbon were analyzed by using an automatic quantachrome instrument (Autosorb1C) volumetric sorption analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and automatic battery cycler. The optimum activation power and impregnation ratio were found at 600 W and 1.5, respectively. The resulted product, C3 has maximum surface area and specific capacitance value of 1768.8 m2 g-1 and 156.33 F g-1 respectively, with carbon yield of 58 %.
Nitrogen Doped TiO2 Prepared under Microwave Irradiation: Effect of Different Irradiation Light
Authors: Azami M.S. , Ain S.K. , Zaharudin R. , Bakar F. , Nawawi Wan Izhan
Published: May 2016

A visible light active nitrogen (N) doped TiO2 was prepared using commercially available TiO2 P25. In this study, a simple N doped TiO2 was prepared by mixing of TiO2 powder with urea as N precursor under microwave irradiation instead of normal using muffle furnace as heating media. Prepared N doped TiO2 samples shows active under visible light irradiation due to lower band gaps energy of N doped TiO2 observed by UV/Vis-DRS. U3-800 was found as optimum N doped where photodegradation rate of RR4 dye under is 1.6 times faster compared with unmodified TiO2 as well as control TiO2 under normal 55-W fluorescent lamp. An active photo response under visible light was observed from U3-800 with 80 minutes of time irradiation to complete RR4 color removal, while no photocatalytic degradation was observed from unmodified and control TiO2.As a result, this study contributed to purification of effluent specifically toxic dyes with complete mineralization under visible light irradiation. For the future work, the modification of TiO2 with nitrogen and metal doping will indirectly increase the efficiency of photodegradation under visible light. In future, the immobilized technique can also be applied for N doped TiO2 to overcome the reusability issue.
Sorption of Copper and Zinc from Aqueous Solutions by Microwave Incinerated Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (MISCBA)
Authors: Salihi Ibrahim Umar , Mohamed Kutty Shamsul Rahman , Hasnain Isa Mohamed , Umar Usman Aminu , Olisa Emmanuel
Published: May 2016

Industrial wastewater containing toxic pollutants such as heavy metals tends to contaminate the environment once it is release without proper treatment. Heavy metals are toxic to both human and other living organisms. It is necessary to treat industrial wastewater polluted with heavy metals prior to its discharge into the receiving environment. In this study, low cost adsorbent was generated from sugarcane bagasse through incineration. The prepared adsorbent “microwave incinerated sugarcane bagasse ash” (MISCBA) was used in removing copper and zinc from aqueous solution. Parameters of importance such as pH, contact time and adsorbent dosages are studied to investigate their effects on the adsorption of copper and zinc. Maximum adsorption was observed at pH 6.0, contact time of 180 minutes and adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L. Zinc removal follows Langmuir isotherm model with correlation coefficient of 0.9291. Copper adsorption follows both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model with correlation coefficient of 0.9181 and 0.9742, respectively. Removal capacities of 38.4 mg/g and 20.4 mg/g were obtained for copper and zinc, respectively. Application of MISCBA as low - cost adsorbent have shown significant outcome in removal of copper and zinc from aqueous solution.
Ageing Documentation of Hydrophilic Mineral Wool Used in Green Roof Assemblies
Authors: Vacek Petr , Matějka Libor
Published: May 2016

This paper deals with mineral wool´s technical parameters evolution in varied time of their life cycle. Hydrophilic mineral wool can be used for a major or a partial substitution of a roof substrate. It can hold rainwater especially for a roof plants when an abundance of this water can be easily drained. Some of the technical parameters do not change in time, but others can differ. This change could be up to the half of their nominal declared values, measured just after the factory production. The aim of this paper is to point out that designing with only factory product data could be at variance with reality and may cause malfunction of green roof, severally when using hydrophilic mineral wool.
Influence of Freezing-Thawing on Shear Strength of Frozen Soil in Northeast China
Authors: Chen Rong , Li Dong Zhe , Hao Dong Xue , Wei Kai Li
Published: May 2016

In order to study the influence of freezing-thawing cycles on shear strength of seasonal frozen soil in northeast China, silty clay, typical soil in Jilin region, was selected. 20 groups of specimens were carried out by quick shear tests considering soil water content and the number of freezing-thawing cycling. The test results indicate that soil cohesion presents the slight fluctuation with the increase of water content, and the maximum value reaches around the peak of liquid limit. Internal friction angle of soil shows the sharp drop and the extent changes between 40% - 60%. The soil cohesion gradually declines with the increase of the number of freeze-thawing cycling. Therefore, the effect of the first freezing-thawing cycle on soil cohesion is obvious, and cohesion gradually tend to be stable after 7 freezing-thawing cycles. The final value of cohesion is approximate a third to a half of the unfrozen soil. The internal friction angle of soil increases with the augment of cycling number of freezing-thawing, which is related to the water content. The higher water content will bring about the greater growth rate of friction angle.
Simulation on Safety Property of Inner Support in Tire
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Qi He , Wang Guang Qi , Wu Kun Lun , Song Da , Zhang Yi Wen
Published: May 2016

Multi-objective optimization method was adopted for obtaining appropriate dimensions of a new type of inner support in tire. Based on optimized inner support in tire with three monomer block components, finite element models were established by HyperMesh, and dynamic simulation on safety property was completed on LsDyna3D. For this type of inner support in tire, strength is enough during tire burst. After fatigue damage analysis, safety property of inner support after tire burst is well enough too. It is certain for the inner support to work well not only during tire burst but also after tire burst.
Recent Trend of Solar Tracking System for Electric Power Conversion
Authors: Lekchaum Sarai , Locharoenrat Kitsakorn
Published: May 2016

In this article, we simply design the solar tracking system and construct a solar collector system for year 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand. The analytical model is calculated via altitudes and azimuth angles of the sun. Our experimental result is agreement well with the calculation in terms of altitude and azimuth. This solar tracking system is therefore applied to a dish solar collector showing the thermal energy of 961.69 W at a maximum temperature of 543.3K with a maximum electric power of 3.395W from our thermoelectric modules.
Effect of Shielding Object to the Specific Heat Demand for Heating of a House
Authors: Vaculíková Hana , Donová Denisa , Zdražilová Naďa
Published: May 2016

When designing energy-efficient homes and buildings especially in the passive standard is needed to efficiently utilize solar heat gain in the winter and orientation of glazed surfaces on the sunlit side. But it is also necessary to prevent overheating of rooms in the summer. This can be achieved by choosing the correct shielding of windows or whole building. In evaluating of energy intensity, however , the methods of shading adversely affect the final annual heat demand for heating the building. This is fundamentally influenced by the correction factor Fsh. This can be determined simply or by calculation in accordance with ČSN EN ISO 13790. The aim of this article is to determine what effect has the calculation of the correction factor to calculate the specific heat for heating for an example of 2 houses in passive standard in comparison with its simplified purpose.
Effect of Platform Screen Door on Platform of Urban Rail Transit Passenger Crowding Analysis
Authors: Shi Xiao Wei , Wang Yan Hui
Published: May 2016

Most of the new stations have chosen to install Platform Screen Door (PSD) for safety and energy-saving. But this will lead to the distribution of passengers are not evenly distributed but gathered in front of the PSD. Traditional idea will not reflect the true state of waiting passengers. Design a new method of passenger state classification evaluation in urban rail transit station platform is essential. In this paper, we proposed a new approach to evaluate the level of service (LOS) of platform. The results suggest that the new approach provides a better performance than its alternatives.
WiDRIVE Safety Innovation: Wireless Device for Regulation and Information on Vehicular Events
Authors: Dela Torre Russel , Lopez Wenald
Published: May 2016

Private and public transportations are use as common mobility of people, making it important to know where traffic congestions, car accidents and other related vehicular activities that may ruin your way to office works or to your destinations be avoided. Philippines is known to be one of the most traffic congested in the world due to uncontrollable volumes of cars running in major streets every day. In this paper, a proposed wireless device that can be attached to a vehicle was developed to track the route using global positioning system, perform geo fencing and perform controlling mechanism to help the driver locates a shortest path, avoid traffic jams, and do messaging and traffic advisories based on contacts and information stored in the software utilities. Based on initial testing, the software is capable of recording and reading vehicle logs, activating GPS route, reading accelerometer log, and reading compass log as bases of controlling mechanism while the device is activated, WiDrive. Result shows that WiDrive is reliable as it successfully mapped to the GPS, and passed the crash accelerometer test at different distance. If given a chance to improve and implement in a wide scale testing, an exponential benefits can be achieved.
An assessment of the outcomes of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Tefera G. , Ehlers Valerie J.
Published: May 2016

Background: This article assessed maternal and neonatal outcomes amongst users of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Objectives: The study aimed to assess the health outcomes (antiretroviral prophylaxis versus antiretroviral treatment, CD4 counts, World Health Organization (WHO) stages of illness, other illnesses) of women who had used these services, as well as the HIV status of their babies and the infant feeding method adopted.Methods: A quantitative, cross sectional, retrospective cohort design was used. Document reviews were conducted with a sample of 384 mother-infant pairs (out of a population of 796) who had used PMTCT services.Results: All respondents were using prophylactic antiretrovirals or antiretroviral therapy, but some were on the wrong treatment based on their CD4 counts. The CD4 counts increased four times more for women on antiretroviral treatment than for those on prophylactic antiretrovirals. The WHO’s stages of HIV illness did not improve but deteriorated in some cases, and 52 other illnesses were recorded. Out of the 384 infants, 6.0% (n = 23) were HIV-positive. Most respondents opted for exclusive breast feeding but some used mixed feeding during the first six months of their infants’ lives, despite having received health education related to infant feeding options.Conclusion: The respondents’ improved CD4 counts were inadequate to improve their World Health Organization stages of HIV illness. Some babies received mixed feeding during the first six months of their lives and 6% of the babies were HIV-positive despite their mothers’ utilisation of PMTCT services.Keywords: anti-retroviral therapy (ART), CD4 counts, human immune deficiency virus (HIV), infant feeding counseling and practices, prevention of mother-to-child transmission  of HIV (PMTCT)