bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Corrigendum: A unique peptide deformylase platform to rationally design and challenge novel active compounds
Authors: Fieulaine Sonia , Alves de Sousa Rodolphe , Maigre Laure , Hamiche Karim , Alimi Mickael , Bolla Jean-Michel , Taleb Abbass , Denis Alexis , Pagès Jean-Marie , Artaud Isabelle , Meinnel Thierry , Giglione Carmela
Published: January 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 35429; published online: 20 October 2016 updated: 11 January 2017. The Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article contained incorrect Figures for the ‘NMR spectra of all new compounds’. This error has now been corrected in the Supplementary Information file that accompanies the Article.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Activity and Selectivity Profile of Ligands for RGD-binding Integrins
Authors: Kapp Tobias G. , Rechenmacher Florian , Neubauer Stefanie , Maltsev Oleg V. , Cavalcanti-Adam Elisabetta A. , Zarka Revital , Reuning Ute , Notni Johannes , Wester Hans-Jürgen , Mas-Moruno Carlos , Spatz Joachim , Geiger Benjamin , Kessler Horst
Published: January 2017

Integrins, a diverse class of heterodimeric cell surface receptors, are key regulators of cell structure and behaviour, affecting cell morphology, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Consequently, mutations in specific integrins, or their deregulated expression, are associated with a variety of diseases. In the last decades, many integrin-specific ligands have been developed and used for modulation of integrin function in medical as well as biophysical studies. The IC50-values reported for these ligands strongly vary and are measured using different cell-based and cell-free systems. A systematic comparison of these values is of high importance for selecting the optimal ligands for given applications. In this study, we evaluate a wide range of ligands for their binding affinity towards the RGD-binding integrins αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8, α5β1, αIIbβ3, using homogenous ELISA-like solid phase binding assay.
Bendable solid-state supercapacitors with Au nanoparticle-embedded graphene hydrogel films
Authors: Yang Kyungwhan , Cho Kyoungah , Yoon Dae Sung , Kim Sangsig
Published: January 2017

In this study, we fabricate bendable solid-state supercapacitors with Au nanoparticle (NP)-embedded graphene hydrogel (GH) electrodes and investigate the influence of the Au NP embedment on the internal resistance and capacitive performance. Embedding the Au NPs into the GH electrodes results in a decrease of the internal resistance from 35 to 21 Ω, and a threefold reduction of the IR drop at a current density of 5 A/g when compared with GH electrodes without Au NPs. The Au NP-embedded GH supercapacitors (NP-GH SCs) exhibit excellent capacitive performances, with large specific capacitance (135 F/g) and high energy density (15.2 W·h/kg). Moreover, the NP-GH SCs exhibit comparable areal capacitance (168 mF/cm2) and operate under tensile/compressive bending.
Analysis of the FGF gene family provides insights into aquatic adaptation in cetaceans
Authors: Nam Kiwoong , Lee Kyeong Won , Chung Oksung , Yim Hyung-Soon , Cha Sun-Shin , Lee Sae-Won , Jun JeHoon , Cho Yun Sung , Bhak Jong , Magalhães João Pedro de , Lee Jung-Hyun , Jeong Jae-Yeon
Published: January 2017

Cetacean body structure and physiology exhibit dramatic adaptations to their aquatic environment. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of essential factors that regulate animal development and physiology; however, their role in cetacean evolution is not clearly understood. Here, we sequenced the fin whale genome and analysed FGFs from 8 cetaceans. FGF22, a hair follicle-enriched gene, exhibited pseudogenization, indicating that the function of this gene is no longer necessary in cetaceans that have lost most of their body hair. An evolutionary analysis revealed signatures of positive selection for FGF3 and FGF11, genes related to ear and tooth development and hypoxia, respectively. We found a D203G substitution in cetacean FGF9, which was predicted to affect FGF9 homodimerization, suggesting that this gene plays a role in the acquisition of rigid flippers for efficient manoeuvring. Cetaceans utilize low bone density as a buoyancy control mechanism, but the underlying genes are not known. We found that the expression of FGF23, a gene associated with reduced bone density, is greatly increased in the cetacean liver under hypoxic conditions, thus implicating FGF23 in low bone density in cetaceans. Altogether, our results provide novel insights into the roles of FGFs in cetacean adaptation to the aquatic environment.
Metabotyping Patients’ Journeys Reveals Early Predisposition to Lung Injury after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Maltesen Raluca Georgiana , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Pedersen Shona , Hanifa Munsoor Ali , Kucheryavskiy Sergey , Kristensen Søren Risom , Wimmer Reinhard
Published: January 2017

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and patients with severe symptoms undergo cardiac surgery. Even after uncomplicated surgeries, some patients experience postoperative complications such as lung injury. We hypothesized that the procedure elicits metabolic activity that can be related to the disease progression, which is commonly observed two-three days postoperatively. More than 700 blood samples were collected from 50 patients at nine time points pre-, intra-, and postoperatively. Dramatic metabolite shifts were observed during and immediately after the intervention. Prolonged surgical stress was linked to an augmented anaerobic environment. Time series analysis showed shifts in purine-, nicotinic acid-, tyrosine-, hyaluronic acid-, ketone-, fatty acid, and lipid metabolism. A characteristic ‘metabolic biosignature’ was identified correlating with the risk of developing postoperative complications two days before the first clinical signs of lung injury. Hence, this study demonstrates the link between intra- and postoperative time-dependent metabolite changes and later postoperative outcome. In addition, the results indicate that metabotyping patients’ journeys early, during or just after the end of surgery, may have potential impact in hospitals for the early diagnosis of postoperative lung injury, and for the monitoring of therapeutics targeting disease progression.
Hygroscopic motions of fossil conifer cones
Authors: Poppinga Simon , Nestle Nikolaus , Šandor Andrea , Reible Bruno , Masselter Tom , Bruchmann Bernd , Speck Thomas
Published: January 2017

Conifer cones represent natural, woody compliant structures which move their scales as passive responses to changes in environmental humidity. Here we report on water-driven opening and closing motions in coalified conifer cones from the Eemian Interglacial (approx. 126,000–113,000 years BP) and from the Middle Miocene (approx. 16.5 to 11.5 million years BP). These cones represent by far the oldest documented evidence of plant parts showing full functionality of such passive hydraulically actuated motion. The functional resilience of these structures is far beyond the biological purpose of seed dispersal and protection and is because of a low level of mineralization of the fossils. Our analysis emphasizes the functional-morphological integrity of these biological compliant mechanisms which, in addition to their biological fascination, are potentially also role models for resilient and maintenance-free biomimetic applications (e.g., adaptive and autonomously moving structures including passive hydraulic actuators).
Deployment of check-in nodes in complex networks
Authors: Jiang Zhong-Yuan , Ma Jian-Feng
Published: January 2017

In many real complex networks such as the city road networks and highway networks, vehicles often have to pass through some specially functioned nodes to receive check-in like services such as gas supplement at gas stations. Based on existing network structures, to guarantee every shortest path including at least a check-in node, the location selection of all check-in nodes is very essential and important to make vehicles to easily visit these check-in nodes, and it is still remains an open problem in complex network studies. In this work, we aim to find possible solutions for this problem. We first convert it into a set cover problem which is NP-complete and propose to employ the greedy algorithm to achieve an approximate result. Inspired by heuristic information of network structure, we discuss other four check-in node location deployment methods including high betweenness first (HBF), high degree first (HDF), random and low degree first (LDF). Finally, we compose extensive simulations in classical scale-free networks, random networks and real network models, and the results can well confirm the effectiveness of the greedy algorithm. This work has potential applications into many real networks.
Hypoxia activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by regulating the expression of BCL9 in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhou Wang , Cheng Mo , Wang Jing , Liu Zhian , He Shaohui , Luo Xiangji , Huang Wending , Chen Tianrui , Yan Wangjun , Xiao Jianru
Published: January 2017

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling is abnormally activated in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BCL9 is an essential co-activator in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, BCL9 is absent from tumors originating from normal cellular counterparts and overexpressed in many cancers including HCC. But the mechanism for BCL9 overexpression remains unknown. Ample evidence indicates that hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) play a role in the development of HCC. It was found in our study that BCL9 was overexpressed in both primary HCC and bone metastasis specimens; loss of BCL9 inhibited the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HCC; and that that hypoxia mechanically induced the expression of BCL9. BCL9 induction under the hypoxic condition was predominantly mediated by HIF-1α but not HIF2α. In vitro evidence from xenograft models indicated that BCL9 promoter/gene knockout inhibited HCC tumor growth and angiogenesis. Notably, we found that BCL9 and HIF-1α were coordinately regulated in human HCC specimen. The above findings suggest that hypoxia may promote the expression of BCL9 and associate with the development of HCC. Specific regulation of BCL9 expression by HIF-1α may prove to be an underlying crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and hypoxia signaling pathways.
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is required for amyloid pathology in brain endothelial cells induced by Glycoprotein 120, methamphetamine and nicotine
Authors: Liu Liqun , Yu Jingyi , Li Li , Zhang Bao , Liu Lingjuan , Wu Chun-Hua , Jong Ambrose , Mao Ding-An , Huang Sheng-He
Published: January 2017

One of the most challenging issues in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) caused by HIV-1 virotoxins and drug abuse is the lack of understanding the underlying mechanisms that are commonly associated with disorders of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which mainly consists of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). Here, we hypothesized that Glycoprotein 120 (gp120), methamphetamine (METH) and nicotine (NT) can enhance amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation in BMEC through Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). Both in vitro (human BMEC) (HBMEC) and in vivo (mice) models of BBB were used to dissect the role of α7 nAChR in up-regulation of Aβ induced by gp120, METH and NT. Aβ release from and transport across HBMEC were significantly increased by these factors. Methyllycaconitine (MLA), an antagonist of α7 nAChR, could efficiently block these pathogenic effects. Furthermore, our animal data showed that these factors could significantly increase the levels of Aβ, Tau and Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Aβ in the mouse brains. These pathogenicities were significantly reduced by MLA, suggesting that α7 nAChR may play an important role in neuropathology caused by gp120, METH and NT, which are the major pathogenic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of HAND.
The Helicobacter cinaedi antigen CAIP participates in atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting the differentiation of macrophages in foam cells
Authors: D’Elios Mario Milco , Vallese Francesca , Capitani Nagaja , Benagiano Marisa , Bernardini Maria Lina , Rossi Mirko , Rossi Gian Paolo , Ferrari Mauro , Baldari Cosima Tatiana , Zanotti Giuseppe , de Bernard Marina , Codolo Gaia
Published: January 2017

Recent studies have shown that certain specific microbial infections participate in atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and immune reactions, but how the pathogens implicated in this pathology trigger the host responses remains unknown. In this study we show that Helicobacter cinaedi (Hc) is a human pathogen linked to atherosclerosis development since at least 27% of sera from atherosclerotic patients specifically recognize a protein of the Hc proteome, that we named Cinaedi Atherosclerosis Inflammatory Protein (CAIP) (n = 71). CAIP appears to be implicated in this pathology because atheromatous plaques isolated from atherosclerotic patients are enriched in CAIP-specific T cells (10%) which, in turn, we show to drive a Th1 inflammation, an immunopathological response typically associated to atherosclerosis. Recombinant CAIP promotes the differentiation and maintenance of the pro-inflammatory profile of human macrophages and triggers the formation of foam cells, which are a hallmark of atherosclerosis. This study identifies CAIP as a relevant factor in atherosclerosis inflammation linked to Hc infection and suggests that preventing and eradicating Hc infection could reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis.
Disease-modifying effect of intravenous immunoglobulin in an experimental model of epilepsy
Authors: Chen Min , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Leanage Gayeshika , Tieng Quang M. , Yadav Ashwin , Ullmann Jeremy F. P. , She David T. , Truong Vy , Ruitenberg Marc J. , Reutens David C.
Published: January 2017

Novel therapies that prevent or modify the development of epilepsy following an initiating brain insult could significantly reduce the burden of this disease. In light of evidence that immune mechanisms play an important role in generating and maintaining the epileptic condition, we evaluated the effect of a well-established immunomodulatory treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), on the development of epilepsy in an experimental model of epileptogenesis. In separate experiments, IVIg was administered either before (pre-treatment) or after (post-treatment) the onset of pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE). Our results show that both pre- and post-treatment with IVIg attenuated acute inflammation in the SE model. Specifically, IVIg reduced local activation of glial cells, complement system activation, and blood-brain barrier damage (BBB), which are all thought to play important roles in the development of epilepsy. Importantly, post-treatment with IVIg was also found to reduce the frequency and duration of subsequent spontaneous recurrent seizures as detected by chronic video-electroencephalographic (video-EEG) recordings. This finding supports a novel application for IVIg, specifically its repurposing as a disease-modifying therapy in epilepsy.
Further evidence for microtubule-independent dimerization of TPPP/p25
Authors: Oláh J. , Szénási T. , Szunyogh S. , Szabó A. , Lehotzky A. , Ovádi J.
Published: January 2017

Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25) is a brain-specific disordered protein that modulates the dynamics and stability of the microtubule network by its assembly promoting, cross-linking and acetylation enhancing activities. In normal brain it is expressed primarily in differentiated oligodendrocytes; however, at pathological conditions it is enriched in inclusions of both neurons and oligodendrocytes characteristic for Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy, respectively. The objective of this paper is to highlight a critical point of a recently published Skoufias’s paper in which the crucial role of the microtubules in TPPP/p25 dimerization leading to microtubule bundling was suggested. However, our previous and present data provide evidence for the microtubule-independent dimerization of TPPP/p25 and its stabilization by disulphide bridges. In addition, our bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments revealed the dimerization ability of both the full length and the terminal-free (CORE) TPPP/p25 forms, however, while TPPP/p25 aligned along the bundled microtubule network, the associated CORE segments distributed mostly homogeneously within the cytosol. Now, we identified a molecular model from the possible ones suggested in the Skoufias’s paper that could be responsible for stabilization of the microtubule network in the course of the oligodendrocyte differentiation, consequently in the constitution of the myelin sheath.
Prediction of Local Quality of Protein Structure Models Considering Spatial Neighbors in Graphical Models
Authors: Shin Woong-Hee , Kang Xuejiao , Zhang Jian , Kihara Daisuke
Published: January 2017

Protein tertiary structure prediction methods have matured in recent years. However, some proteins defy accurate prediction due to factors such as inadequate template structures. While existing model quality assessment methods predict global model quality relatively well, there is substantial room for improvement in local quality assessment, i.e. assessment of the error at each residue position in a model. Local quality is a very important information for practical applications of structure models such as interpreting/designing site-directed mutagenesis of proteins. We have developed a novel local quality assessment method for protein tertiary structure models. The method, named Graph-based Model Quality assessment method (GMQ), explicitly considers the predicted quality of spatially neighboring residues using a graph representation of a query protein structure model. GMQ uses conditional random field as its core of the algorithm, and performs a binary prediction of the quality of each residue in a model, indicating if a residue position is likely to be within an error cutoff or not. The accuracy of GMQ was improved by considering larger graphs to include quality information of more surrounding residues. Moreover, we found that using different edge weights in graphs reflecting different secondary structures further improves the accuracy. GMQ showed competitive performance on a benchmark for quality assessment of structure models from the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP).
A new turn-on fluorescent probe towards hypochlorite in living cells
Authors: Guo Jing , Zhang Zhixiang , Kuai Ziyu , Wang Rui , Yang Qingbiao , Shan Yaming , Li Yaoxian
Published: January 2017

A novel turn-on fluorescent sensor PIPH based on changes in the internal conformation between the ground and first excited state.
Double deboronation and homometalation of 1,1′-bis(ortho-carborane)
Authors: Thiripuranathar Gobika , Chan Antony P. Y. , Mandal Dipendu , Man Wing Y. , Argentari Mario , Rosair Georgina M. , Welch Alan J.
Published: January 2017

Diastereomeric diruthenium and dicobalt species derived from double deboronation and metalation of 1,1′-bis(ortho-carborane) have been prepared and characterised.
Molecular magnesium hydrides supported by an anionic triazacyclononane-type ligand
Authors: Schnitzler S. , Cui P. , Spaniol T. P. , Okuda J.
Published: January 2017

A dimeric magnesium hydride supported by a monoanionic TACN-type ligand is formed by an unusual rearrangement of an unstable mononuclear complex with a terminal Mg–H bond.
Structural features of many circular and leaderless bacteriocins are similar to those in saposins and saposin-like peptides
Authors: Towle K. M. , Vederas J. C.
Published: January 2017

Bacteriocins are potent antimicrobial peptides that are ribosomally produced and exported by bacteria, presumably to aid elimination of competing microorganisms.
Influence of functionalized side chains of polythiophene diblock copolymers on the performance of CdSe quantum dot hybrid solar cells
Authors: Bulumulla Chandima , Du Jia , Washington Katherine E. , Kularatne Ruvanthi N. , Nguyen Hien Q. , Biewer Michael C. , Stefan Mihaela C.
Published: January 2017

The incorporation of functional groups into the side chains of polythiophenes can improve the phase separation of polymer : nanoparticle hybrid solar cells (HSCs).
Evidencing the structural conversion of hydrothermally synthesized titanate nanorods by in situ electron microscopy
Authors: Fei Linfeng , Lu Wei , Hu Yongming , Gao Guanyin , Yong Zehui , Sun Tieyu , Zhou Naigen , Gu Haoshuang , Wang Yu
Published: January 2017

Hydrothermally synthesized titanate nanorods are found to possess a Na0.8Ti4O8 structure, and undergo a topochemical transformation towards TiO2 (B) upon in situ heating.
Hybrid composite polymer electrolytes: ionic liquids as a magic bullet for the poly(ethylene glycol)–silica network
Authors: Blensdorf Tyler , Joenathan Anisha , Hunt Marcus , Werner-Zwanziger Ulrike , Stein Barry D. , Mahmoud Waleed E. , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Carini John , Bronstein Lyudmila M.
Published: January 2017

Ionic liquids bolster the conductivity of hybrid composite polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene glycols) and organic–inorganic silica nanoparticles formedin situ.
Metal–organic frameworks based on bipyridinium carboxylate: photochromism and selective vapochromism
Authors: Zhang Chenghui , Sun Libo , Yan Yan , Liu Yuchuan , Liang Zhiqiang , Liu Yunling , Li Jiyang
Published: January 2017

Two new photochromic Cd-MOFs based on bipyridinium carboxylate ligands have been synthesized. Interestingly, 1 exhibits vapochromic properties for DEA, possessing rapid, low concentration selectivity and recyclable characteristics for detection of organic gas emissions.
Finite‐horizon bounded synchronisation and state estimation for discrete‐time complex networks: local performance analysis
Authors: Han Fei , Wei Guoliang , Ding Derui , Song Yan
Published: January 2017

This study is concerned with the finite‐horizon bounded synchronisation and state estimation for the discrete‐time complex networks with missing measurements based on the local performance analysis. First, a new local description of the bounded synchronisation performance index is proposed, which considers only the synchronisation errors among neighbours. In addition, a more general sector‐bounded condition is presented, where the parameter matrices are different for different node. Next, by establishing the vector dissipativity‐like for the complex network dynamics, the synchronisation criterion is derived in term of the locally coupled conditions for each node. These conditions implemented in a cooperative manner can judge whether the complex network reaches synchronisation. Similarly, the existence conditions for the estimator on each node are obtained, and then the estimator parameters are designed via the recursive linear matrix inequalities. Notably, these conditions on each node by cooperation among neighbours can achieve the desirable performance index. The distinctive features of the authors' algorithms are low complexity, scalability, and distributed execution. At last, two numerical examples are utilised to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithms.
Iterative learning control for non‐linear switched discrete‐time systems
Authors: Shao Zhen , Xiang Zhengrong
Published: January 2017

This study is concerned with the iterative learning controller design for a class of non‐linear switched discrete‐time repetitive systems. First, the definitions of exponential stability and average dwell time in iterative learning control (ILC) systems are introduced, and sufficient conditions for exponential stability of non‐linear switched discrete‐time ILC systems are established by using the methods of common two‐dimensional (2D) Lyapunov function and multiple 2D Lyapunov functions, respectively. Then, the proposed results are used to design the iterative learning controller. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Finite‐time control for discrete time‐varying systems with randomly occurring non‐linearity and missing measurements
Authors: Shi Yujing , Tang Yu , Li Shanqiang
Published: January 2017

In this study, the finite‐time control problem is studied for discrete time‐varying systems with randomly occurring non‐linearity and missing measurements. The randomly occurring non‐linearity is modelled according to a Bernoulli distributed white sequence with a known conditional probability. The missing measurements phenomenon is assumed to occur in a random way and the missing probabilities are time‐varying with known upper and lower bounds. Two sufficient conditions are established for the existence of the state feedback and output feedback controllers, which guarantee the finite‐time stochastic stability of the closed‐loop systems. The recursive linear matrix inequality approach is employed to design the desired controller gains. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Dynamic response regulation of non‐linear feedback linearised wind turbine using a two‐mass model
Authors: Lin Zhongwei , Liu Jizhen , Niu Yuguang
Published: January 2017

This study discusses the dynamic response regulation problem for the non‐linear wind turbine generator system (WTGS) based on the regional pole placement and geometric control techniques. First, the non‐linear model of WTGS is feedback linearised into a linear‐form system by the geometric control theory. Through constructing the appropriate diffeomorphism, the key variables of the original system have been remained in the transformed linear system, which sustains that the dynamic response could be adjusted in the transformed linear framework. Due to the multi‐input multi‐output and high‐order characteristics, the regional pole placement technique is applied on the feedback linearised WTGS, which can guarantee the limitation of several performances related to the dynamic response. In such a way, the dynamic response of WTGS can be regulated through the feedback linearisation and regional pole placement techniques. Simulation results for a 2 MW wind turbine show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modelling seabed buried cables for electromagnetic transient analysis
Authors: Silva José Carlos Leão Veloso , Lima Antonio Carlos Siqueira , Magalhães Antônio Paulo Cardillo , Correia de Barros Maria Teresa
Published: January 2017

This study proposes the expressions for return impedances and admittances for the transient modelling of subsea cables buried below the seabed. Unlike buried cables or overhead lines where only one of the external media shows losses, for a subsea cable buried in the seabed both media are lossy. The expressions are derived from quasi‐transverse electromagnetic (quasi‐TEM) approximation of a full‐wave modelling. A comparison of a full‐wave‐based results and the ones using a quasi‐TEM approximation indicates wideband validity of the proposed expressions. Two test cases are considered: a single‐core armoured cable and a three‐core (i.e. pipe‐type) configuration. An evaluation of the characteristic admittance and the propagation function in the frequency domain is carried out to assess the impact of the change in the external media when compared with a cable floating in the sea. A transient model for the subsea cable is derived in frequency domain and time‐responses are obtained using the numerical Laplace transform. The results indicated some differences in the transient waveform obtained when compared with the responses for a cable floating in the sea.
A Hemangioma of the Zygomatic Bone: Management Ensuring Good Reconstructive and Aesthetic Results
Authors: Bocchialini Gabriele , Castellani Andrea , Bozzola Anna , Rossi Alessandro
Published: January 2017

Hemangiomas are benign tumors representing only 0.7 to 1% of all bone tumors; those that arise in the zygomatic region are rarely described in the literature. Here, we describe the case of a 55-year-old woman with a mass in the right orbitozygomatic region. She was diagnosed on the basis of preoperative clinical manifestations, data from an earlier histopathological examination, and computed tomography (CT). The CT scan revealed a lesion in the right zygomatic region at the level of the cancellous component. This caused thinning and remodeling of the deformed cortex both medially and laterally. Surgery was performed. We describe the clinical characteristics of our case with an emphasis on surgical management of the lesion using a titanium grid prepared by reference to a stereolithographic model.
Vibrational spectra of water clusters, trapped in low temperature matrices
Authors: Pogorelov V. Ye. , Doroshenko I. Yu.
Published: January 2017

Recorded infrared absorption spectra of water, trapped in an argon matrix at temperatures ranging from 9 to 50 K. The observed spectral bands are assigned to water clusters composed of different numbers of molecules. The temperature dependence of the recorded spectra makes it possible to construct a model of the structural transformations that take place in the water during the phase transition from the gaseous to the condensed state.
Comparison of Raman scattering in non-polymerized and photo-polymerized fullerene films at temperatures of 5–300 K
Authors: Peschanskii A. V. , Glamazda A. Y. , Plokhotnichenko A. M. , Karachevtsev V. A.
Published: January 2017

Raman spectra of non-polymerized and photo-polymerized fullerene films are studied in the region of the Ag(2) mode (energy range 1380–1500 cm−2) at temperatures of 5–300 K. The temperature dependence of the energy of the Ag(2) mode for non-polymerized C60 films undergoes an inflection on passing through the orientational phase transition. As opposed to the case of non-polymerized film, the energy of the monomers, dimers, linear chains, and trimers of fullerenes in photo-polymerized films increases monotonically as the temperature is lowered. It is shown that a difference in the energies of the Ag(2) mode for the monomer in photo-polymerized films and for the monomer in non-polymerized C60 appears below the structural phase transition temperature TC. This difference is caused by the appearance of an orientational phase transition in the non-polymerized film (TC ∼ 235 K), while this transition is absent in the polymerized film. It has been found that the temperature of the orientational phase transition for the non-polymerized film (TC ∼ 235 K) is shifted to lower temperatures compared to the single crystal. It is proposed that this shift in the transition temperature is related to the effect of the substrate on the properties of the film, as well as to possible intercalation of atmospheric O2 or N2 in octahedral voids of the fullerite.
Oxygen partial pressure induced effects on the microstructure and the luminescence properties of pulsed laser deposited TiO2 thin films
Authors: Kunti A. K. , Sekhar K. C. , Pereira Mario , Gomes M. J. M. , Sharma S. K.
Published: January 2017

In this work, the influence of oxygen partial pressure on structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO2 thin films grown on fused quartz substrate at different oxygen partial pressure by pulsed laser deposition were examined. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show the formation of TiO2 anatase phase deposited at high oxygen pressure. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) reveals that surface roughness of the films increases with oxygen pressure. Variation of surface morphology of films with increasing oxygen partial pressure was studied by AFM. It is observed that energy band gap of the films increases from 3.27 eV to 3.52 eV with the increase of oxygen pressure and is attributed to the decrease of oxygen defects. TiO2 thin films exhibited blue emission under the excitation of 320 nm wavelength. De-convoluted photoluminescence (PL) peaks showed that defect states are responsible for visible emission in TiO2 thin films. The intensity of PL emission associated with oxygen vacancies decreases with increasing oxygen pressure. Photometric characteristic analysis shows that the films deposited 1x10-4 mbar oxygen pressure exhibited intense blue emission with high luminescence efficacy of radiation.
Rotatable Offner imaging system for ellipsometric measurement
Authors: Jin L. , Tanaka T. , Kondoh E. , Gelloz B. , Sano K. , Fujio I. , Kajiyama Y. , Uehara M.
Published: January 2017

To realize high spatial resolution imaging ellipsometric measurement with large field of view, we developed a rotatable Offner system with unit magnification. When the conventional Offner imaging system is tilted relative to the sample plane for the ellipsometric measurement, only a small region of plane is in focus. The rotatable Offner system developed here renders the entire object in focus through all rotations. The performance of the prototype of the Offner system and imaging ellipsometer is tested by generating maps of the ellipsometric parameters Δ and Ψ for samples such as a silicon wafer and a resolution target made of chromium film evaporated on a glass substrate.
One step preparation of pure 𝝉-MnAl phase with high magnetization using strip casting method
Authors: Shao Zhuyin , Zhao Hui , Zeng Jiling , Zhang Yinfeng , Yang Wenyun , Lai Youfang , Guo Shuai , Du Honglin , Wang Changsheng , Yang Yingchang , Yang Jinbo
Published: January 2017

Ferromagnetic phase of Mn-Al exhibits great potential in the rare-earth free permanent magnetic materials due to its high magnetocrystalline anisotropy, high magnetization, high Curie temperature and low cost. In this work, the strip casting technique was applied to prepare MnAl magnetic phase. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analyses indicate that the as-prepared Mn54Al46 strip sample consists of pure τ-MnAl magnetic phase. It is found that the composition of Mn54Al46 is suitable to prepare τ-MnAl phase during the strip casting process. The Mn54Al46 strip sample synthesized through the strip casting exhibits a fairly high magnetization of 114 emu/g under a field of 5 T, while the coercivity of iHc = 2.8 kOe, magnetization of M5T = 63.9 emu/g at room temperature can be obtained for Mn54Al46 powder sample. This preparation method can produce a large amount of τ-phase MnAl alloy and promote mass industrialized production.
High Resolution Electron Momentum Spectroscopy Study on Ethanol: Orbital Electron Momentum Distributions for Individual Conformers
Authors: Li Meng , Shan Xu , Niu Shan-shan , Tang Ya-guo , Wu Fang , Xu Chun-kai , Chen Xiang-jun
Published: January 2017

The outer-valence binding energy spectra of ethanol in the energy range of 9–21 eV are measured by a high-resolution electron momentum spectrometer at an impact energy of 2.5 keV plus the binding energy. The electron momentum distributions for the ionization peaks corresponding to the outer-valence orbitals are obtained by deconvoluting a series of azimuthal angular correlated binding energy spectra. Comparison is made with the theoretical calculations for two conformers, trans and gauche, coexisting in the gas phase of ethanol at the level of B3LYP density functional theory with aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. It is found that the measured electron momentum distributions for the peaks at 14.5 and 15.2 eV are in good agreement with the theoretical electron momentum distributions for the molecular orbitals of individual conformers (i.e., 8a′ of trans and 9a of gauche), but not in accordance with the thermally averaged ones. It demonstrates that the high-resolution electron momentum spectrometer, by inspecting the molecular electronic structure, is a promising technique to identify different conformers in a mixed sample.
Adsorption and Decomposition of NH3 on Ni/Pt(111) and Ni/WC(001) Surfaces: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Shen Ai-ai , Cao Yi-lin
Published: January 2017

Density functional theory was used to study the NH3 behavior on Ni monolayer covered Pt(111) and WC(001). The electronic structure of the surfaces, and the adsorption and decomposition of NH3 were calculated and compared. Ni atoms in the monolayer behave different from that in Ni(111). More dz2 electrons of Ni in monolayer covered systems were shifted to other regions compared to Ni(111), charge density depletion on this orbital is crucial to NH3 adsorption. NH3 binds more stable on Ni/Pt(111) and Ni/WC(001) than on Ni(111), the energy barriers of the first N–H bond scission were evidently lower on Ni/Pt(111) and Ni/WC(001) than on Ni(111), these are significant to NH3 decomposition. N recombination is the rate-limiting step, high reaction barrier implies that N2 is produced only at high temperatures. Although WC has similar properties to Pt, differences of the electronic structure and catalytic activities are observed for Ni/Pt(111) and Ni/WC(001), the energy barrier for the rate-determined step increases on Ni/WC(001) instead of decreasing on Ni/Pt(111) when compared to Ni(111). To design cheaper and better catalysts, reducing the N recombination barrier by modifying Ni/WC(001) is a critical question to be solved.
Nano-Li3V2(PO4)3/C Synthesized by Thermal Polymerization Method as Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Bin , Jiao Lian-sheng , Tang Zhong-feng , Zhang Sheng-jie , Chen Hong-li , Chen Chun-hua
Published: January 2017

A nano-Li3V2(PO4)3/C powder was successfully prepared by a thermal polymerization method. The particle sizes of the intermediate product powder and the final product Li3V2(PO4)3 are all less than 200 nm. The carbon is partially coated on the surface of Li3V2(PO4)3 particles and the rest exists between particles with a total carbon content of 4.6wt%. This nano-Li3V2(PO4)3/C sample shows a discharge capacity of 124 mAh/g without capacity fading after 100 cycles at 0.1 C in the voltage rang of 3.0–4.3 V. Excellent rate performance is also achieved with a capacity of 80 mAh/g at 20 C in 3.0–4.3 V and 100 mAh/g at 10 C in 3.0–4.8 V. This study suggests that the thermal polymerization method is suitable to synthesize nano-Li3V2(PO4)3/C materials.
Theories and Models of Acculturation
Authors: Berry John W.
Published: January 2017

This chapter reviews the core meanings of the process of acculturation and its consequences for groups and individuals. At the cultural group level, acculturation involves changes in social structures and institutions and in cultural norms. At the individual psychological level, it involves changes in people’s behavioral repertoires and their eventual adaptation to these intercultural encounters. Three key issues are examined: how people choose to acculturate, how well they adapt to intercultural living, and whether there are any systematic relationships between how people acculturate and how well they adapt. The most common finding is that pursuing the integration strategy is related to higher levels of well-being. This chapter attends in particular to the health outcomes of acculturation, and seeks to outline the key features of this process that may permit the achievement of positive health and social outcomes following intercultural contact.
The Bigger Picture: How Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Fit Within a Broader Conceptualization of Work Performance
Authors: Carpini Joseph A. , Parker Sharon K.
Published: January 2017

Scholars have identified numerous forms of individual work performance, including core task, adaptive, proactive, and citizenship. Although the diversity of performance constructs has contributed to breadth, it has also resulted in a fragmented literature that, at times, operates in theoretical silos. As such, the overarching purpose of this chapter is to consider how organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) constructs relate to, and can fit within, broader models of individual work performance. We begin with a brief history of work performance concepts and review five integrative models of individual performance, culminating with the presentation of the Griffin, Neal, and Parker (2007) model. We use the latter to assess systematically whether and how OCB concepts relate to other performance concepts. We highlight constructs that fit readily within the Griffin et al. framework, in addition to constructs that do not. We conclude with five recommendations.
The Violent Weight of Whiteness
Authors: Yancy George
Published: January 2017

What is the lived experience of the black male body within the context of white America in the twenty-first century? How can we describe the deep existential and psychic dimensions of black male bodies as they negotiate their lives within the context of white hegemony? How do their bodies continue to be truncated according to a distorted and racist imago in the white imaginary? The black male body, within the context of this white imaginary, constitutes a site of “contamination.” As such, then, within the white body politic, black male bodies are thereby always already targets of the state, deemed “criminals,” “monsters,” and “thugs.” Textual testimony, coupled with social, political, and existential phenomenological analyses, demonstrates the sheer gravity of being black and male in a mythical postrace America.
The Sting of Shame
Authors: Willett Cynthia
Published: January 2017

Our allegiance to individualism sanctions the insult, with or without humor, to a significant extent through free speech rights. But what if the sting of symbolic aggression––as seemingly minor as an insult dressed up in the pleasantries of a joke––in fact accounts in many instances for the more acute pain of the physical assault? To be sure, physical assaults can harm material well-being. But what if a dimension of violence cannot be understood apart from the cruelty of the joke or the sting of ridicule? What if a shaming insult constitutes the significant sting of racial discrimination or sexual assault?
Jefferson’s Paradox, or a Very Brief History of Black Women’s Sexuality, Hip-Hop, and American Culture
Authors: Sharpley-Whiting T. Denean
Published: January 2017

American representations of black women’s sexuality extend from the political culture of the eighteenth century to the public and popular culture of the twenty-first. Hip-hop culture may now be at the center of the phenomenon, and antiblack misogyny seems to emanate from gangsta rap music. However, Thomas Jefferson’s racial theses on blacks, and black women in particular, from his Notes on the State of Virginia helped form this perspective. Jefferson’s tradition of flattened-out, uncomplicated, and sexually and racially violent representations and understandings of black women and their sexuality continue in our contemporary moment, as does his biased aesthetic evaluations of them based on ideas of white superiority.
Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow
Authors: Lyons David
Published: January 2017

Although slavery was abolished in 1865, racial subordination was maintained under Jim Crow, and those wrongs have caused lasting harms. Governments, institutions, and individuals (including corporations) are morally accountable today if they supported or profited from slavery or Jim Crow. Reparations would include cash payments, but moral wrongs are not fully repaired by material compensation. Slavery and Jim Crow were total systems predicated on a persisting ideology of white supremacy. Reparations should enable those wronged to rebuild their lives, free of oppressive racism.
Effortful Agon
Authors: Scott Jacquiline
Published: January 2017

Philosophy can provide ways to inform the fight against racism and create healthier racialized identities. The lens of “effortful agon” is a fruitful approach. The arguments of Friedrich Nietzsche can be used to propose a type of healthier racialized identity formation for both people of color and whites. The goal is a Nietzschean, healthy, life affirmation that emerges out of self-knowledge and mastery as an ongoing project. This project requires the willingness to engage in racialized experiments (Versuchen) that require conscious effort and discomfort of the sort that will be a challenge for most whites.
Is It Moral to Hold a Racial Identity?
Authors: Hill Jason D.
Published: January 2017

Holding a racial identity is problematic because it turns one into a practicing racist. On the surface this should not be controversial. White supremacists of all stripes, either of the North American variety or the Nazi counterpart, have given us ample evidence of the nefarious nature of strong racial identities, especially when they are wedded to a political ideology that demonizes racial minorities such as blacks or Jews. But we can and should go much further and suggest that the concept of race, simpliciter, is bad. The concomitant practice of holding a racial identity voluntarily and living one’s life as a raciated creature is a form of biological collectivism and racial subjectivism. It matters not whether one is black, white, Indian, or a member of any other designated group; the principle that binds all racial identities together—polylogism—is identical. To self-referentially hold a racial identity is to collude with a great social evil.
Race in the Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Root Michael
Published: January 2017

Racial categories are used in the biomedical sciences both at the population and individual level. At the population level, race is used in fields like epidemiology, to describe and explain variations in the rate or risk of morbidity and mortality within the United States, and at the individual level, race is used in the hospital and clinic, in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Both uses are controversial and raise questions about the nature and importance of racial categories, such as which uses benefit individuals and which benefit groups.
Playing Music and Identity Development in Middle Adulthood
Authors: Rathunde Kevin , Isabella Russell
Published: January 2017

Middle adulthood is a complex developmental period that can involve heavy responsibilities. However, it can also be an opportune time to reflect on priorities that have emotional salience; explore novel ways to individuate and attend to neglected aspects of the self; and forges social integration that enhances a sense of meaning and purpose. This chapter explores how playing music can enter this midlife space and facilitate these positive outcomes. It does so by combining a conceptual framework on identity development with an autoethnographic narrative emerging from the first author’s recreational music making. The narrative adds experiential detail and first-hand description to the theoretical ideas presented about identity growth. A main theme in the chapter is that intrinsically motivated leisure activities like playing music can facilitate successful aging by helping a person create a more tailor-made identity that better suits their unique interests and circumstances.
Trust and Population Health
Authors: Kawachi Ichiro
Published: January 2017

Research in public health approaches trust as a component of social cohesion, a characteristic of the social context in which an individual is embedded. This article discusses the theoretical mechanisms why living in a trusting environment might be associated with better health outcomes. A conceptual dilemma in health studies is that individual trust perceptions overlap with the personality trait of “cynical hostility” (from the field of psychology). Multi-level studies help to distinguish between the health effects of cynical distrust (an individual characteristic) and trustworthiness of the environment. I review the empirical studies linking trust and health outcomes. To date, trust has been examined as a contextual feature of residential neigborhoods and workplaces. Future research needs to strengthen causal inference.