bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Novel Cognitive Screen in Acute Stroke: The Brief Executive Language Screen
Authors: Robinson Gail , Phillips Mia , Byrne Jessica , Chow Jessica , Ford Lucy , Gibson Emily
Published: December 2022

Executive functioning, language, and attention processes are commonly affected in acute stroke patients and predict long-term cognitive, emotional and functional impairment. Comprehensive assessment of these predictors is therefore vital for management, interventions and recovery. Brief cognitive screens are more appropriate than large batteries for acute stroke patients; however, they currently lack adequate measurement of language and executive functioning. In this study we investigated the validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the novel Brief Executive Language Screening Test (BELS); a ~20-minute test developed to assess core language, propositional language, and implicated executive functions (initiation, inhibition, selection, and strategy use). Method. The final sample included 78 acute stroke patients and 71 healthy controls. Convergent and divergent validity of BELS subtests was investigated via correlations with established neuropsychology tests. Predictive validity was investigated using logistic regression, and a ROC curve was employed to determine sensitivity and specificity. Results. Convergent validity was established for all but two BELS subtests via moderate-to-strong correlations with comparative neuropsychology tests. Divergent validity was established for all subtests via non-significant correlations with a dissimilar neuropsychology test. Low BELS scores significantly predicted stroke status after controlling for age, education, premorbid and fluid intelligence. The ROC Curve analysis indicated excellent discrimination (AUC = .94, p <.001, 95%CI [.91 - .98]). A cut-off of 84.25/100 was highly sensitive (.91) and specific (.80) when distinguishing acute stroke patients from healthy controls. Conclusion. The BELS is a valid bedside screening tool, sensitive to language and executive impairments experienced by acute stroke patients.
Uncertain Veracity Judgements: Does the Framing of the Question Influence Deception Detection?
Authors: Zloteanu Mircea
Published: December 2022

In deception research, little consideration is given to how the framing of the question might impact the decision-making process used to reach a veracity judgement. People use terms such as “sure” to describe their uncertainty about an event (i.e., aleatory) and terms such as “chance” to describe their uncertainty about the world (i.e., epistemic). Presently, the effect of such uncertainty framing on veracity judgements was considered. By manipulating the veracity question wording the effect of uncertainty framing on deception detection was measured. The data show no difference in veracity judgements between the two uncertainty framing conditions, suggesting these may operate on a robust and invariant cognitive process.
The formation of (un)resilient climate subjects amidst affluence: a case of loss and damage in regional Australia
Authors: Jackson Guy
Published: December 2022

Australia is both affluent and highly vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change. Despite climate change loss and damage – impacts that cannot or will not be adapted to – science and policy focusing on the Global South, the IPCC recently showed Australia is already experiencing losses and damages. Australian governments and other actors centre building resilience to climate change. In this research I ask the question: How does the material manifestation of resilience discourse influence adaptation limits and vulnerability to climate change loss and damage in regional Australia? To answer this question, I identify examples of existing and emergent adaptation limits, historical-structural, intersectional, and psychosocial determinants of vulnerability, and explore the material manifestation of climate resilience governmentality. I demonstrate the ways in which material manifestations of resilience discourse interacts with and reproduces vulnerability to climate change loss and damage in regional Australia. I identify an overwhelming focus on physicalist interventions and subjects’ psychological dispositions instead of underlying vulnerability. These, among other, factors are contributing to the formation of unresilient subjects – subjects who are unable to cope and bounce forward from loss and damage. In the era of loss and damage, not even affluence will shield people from escalating losses.
Der schmale Grat zwischen Realismus und Interpretation. Ein rekursiver Dialog zwischen „realistischem“ franko-belgischem Comic und Ethnographie
Authors: Müller Alain
Published: December 2022

This article questions and accounts for the collective management of “the relation to reality” among the amateurs – that is, the interpretative community of authors and readers – of so-called “realistic” Franco-Belgian Comics. My analysis aims at asking to what extent and in what ways this collective management, with its conventions and provisional agreements but also its tensions and controversies, can recursively inform ethnographic methods and theories as to their own collective management of “the relation to reality”. To do so, I examine how the narrative conventions of realistic Franco-Belgian Comics are rhetorically maintained through a tension between two dimensions, which are constantly negotiated among the amateurs of comics: a strong expectation that both the drawings and the storyline faithfully represent “reality” in giving a meticulous and meticulously documented account of “it” on one side, and an acceptance of the interpretative dimension inherent in creative and artistic representations on the other. Questioning the tradition of ethnographic realism in the recursive light of this analysis, I argue in conclusion that this tension pertains to an ontological misunderstanding, and plead for an articulation of ontological multiplicity, i.e., multiple relations to multiple realities, and for granting both fictional beings of comics and ethnographic beings their own modes of existence.
Kultur als rurbane Ressource. Ethnografische Perspektiven auf Steuerungsprozesse von „Kunst und Kultur in ländlichen Räumen“
Authors: Bürkert Karin
Published: December 2022

The article examines how “culture in rural areas” is conceptualized by cultural policy and cultural actors and which potentials of valorization are attributed to it. In doing so, I highlight the tensions that become evident in talking about arts and culture in rural areas and how these affect funding policies and self-perceptions of cultural actors. The effect of a distinction-oriented cultural dispositive is elaborated and its interaction with structures of cultural policy is presented. Finally I reflect on the effect of scholarly contributions in an application-oriented way to the debate on the value of arts and culture with a plea for a broad concept of culture.
Influence of calibration solutions on the results of available phosphorus measurement in soils
Authors:   Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nechaeva T.V.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study was to compare soil available phosphorus content as determined in a range of diverse soils using calibration solutions prepared with the extractant used for soil samples or distilled water. Location and time of the study. Soil chemical analyses were performed in 2021 with 54 soil samples collected in 2018-2020 of the podsolised chernozem (Luvic Greyzemic Chernozem) and meadow-chernozemic podsolised soil (Luvic Greyzemic Chernozem Colluvic) in the Toguchin district of the Novosibirsk region, Russia, and leached chernozem (Luvic Chernozem) in the Iskitim district of the same region and Pavlovsky district in Altaisky krai, Russia. The samples were collected at undisturbed, arable and abandoned arable sites. Methods. The method used to estimate available soil phosphorus content included extraction of phosphates by 0.5M acetic acid (1:25 soil:extractant ratio). Phosphate solutions (including both stock and working) for constructing the calibration curve were prepared either with the extractant or with the distilled water. Results. The values of soil available phosphorus content were shown to depend on the composition of calibration solutions: when the extractant was used, the values were on average 1,1 times lower as compared with those obtained using the distilled water to construct the calibration curve. The difference was statistically significant (р<0,01) for undisturbed, arable or abandoned arable soils. Conclusions. Solutions used to construct calibration curves for phosphates, including the stock and working ones, should be close in their chemical composition to the solutions used to extract phosphates from soil and hence should be prepared with the same solution as used for extracting phosphates from soil. At the same time a researcher should follow a specific protocol chosen for the analysis. Therefore, the peculiarities of soil chemical analyses should be carefully considered and compared, especially in the long-term surveys or meta-analysis of the spatially and temporally varying data. The use of reference soil standards, both internal and certified external, with known chemical composition, is indispensable for controlling the quality of chemical measurements. Preparation of internal laboratory standard soil samples in sufficient amounts and their routine use in analyses allows to decrease the number of analytical replicates and is a prerequisite for improving laboratory performance and making justified conclusions about soil fertility.
Toxicological effects of Opilia amentacea Roxb, a medicinal plant used in traditional African medicine
Authors: Isabelle Sacramento T , Félix Guinnin FD , Machioud Sangare Maxime , Jean-Marc Atègbo
Published: December 2022

Opilia amantacea Roxb, is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional African medicine. However, data on its safety remain limited in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of Opilia amentacea Roxb. The work was carried out in accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for the testing of chemicals using Method 423 on Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Opilia amantacea Roxb was administered at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg. The different clinical signs observed after administration and over 14 days were recorded. As results, no mortality was observed. Only a general state of sleep was observed in animals of the control batch and the batch treated with the ethanolic extract of the plant tested. The biochemical parameters transaminase (AST, ALT), bilirubin (free and conjugated), alkaline phosphatases, uricemia, urea, creatinine) and the hematological parameters studied showed a nonstatistical difference (p>0.05) between the test batch and the control batch. The same applies to the variation in the weight of animals. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Opilia amantacea Roxb does not have significant toxic effects on liver, kidney and blood tissue at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. From these data, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Opilia amantacea Roxb does not exhibit acute toxicity to human health at the doses tested. Its use in traditional medicine may be recommended if efficacy data are established.
Editorial Vol.3(2)
Authors: Regmi Dan Raj
Published: December 2022

No abstract available.
Multidimensional Translation in Linguistic Annotation
Authors: Chalise Krishna Prasad
Published: December 2022

The core components of linguistic annotation consist of transcription, interlinear glossing and free translation. A linguistic annotation incorporates different types of translations together in itself. From one perspective, the transcription is a type of transliteration and from another perspective; it is very close to translation. Similarly, interlinear glossing is linear morpheme-to-morpheme or word-to-word translation. In the same way the free translation incorporates a variety of translations from literal to idiomatic translation.
Language Use and Attitude among the Sherpa Speaking Community in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Gautam Bhim Lal
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to explore the status of language use and attitude among the Sherpa speaking community in the Kathmandu valley, the multilingual capital city of Nepal. It focuses on language contact situations in different domains viz. social, cultural, personal, and official as well as media related activities where the Sherpas make use of different languages along with the use of their own mother tongue. Based on 45 questionnaires from different informants, this paper presents interesting patterns of language use and attitudes among the Sherpa speaking community in Kathmandu.
The Semantics of the Ergative in Nepali
Authors: Poudel Tikaram
Published: December 2022

The semantics of the ergative in Nepali, a modern Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan and in some states of India, differs from other New Indo-Aryan languages of the region. In the Western and Central New Indo-Aryan languages (e.g., Hindi-Urdu, Panjabi, etc.), aspectual split determines the ergative system (Beames 1872-79, Kellogg 1893, Hook 1992, Dixon 1994, Peterson 1998, Bynon 2005, Butt 2006). In these languages such as Hindi-Urdu, the (agentive) subject in the perfective transitive clauses gets ergative marking and the verb agrees with the object. However, Nepali defies these prevalent trends of ergative marking of New Indo-Aryan languages. In several contexts, the Nepali ergative is typologically unexpected, for example, arguments of participialized clauses or nominalizations. Unlike its sister languages, in some contexts, the subjects of transitive clauses in non-past tenses get ergative marking whereas, in some other contexts, they are marked with nominative case. This split ergative system in non-past tenses can be explained in terms of semantic notions of individual-level and stage-level predications.
Multilanguage Orthography for the Languages of Nepal
Authors: Regmi Bhim Narayan
Published: December 2022

The earliest evidence of writing in Nepal is about 250 BC in Brahmi script and almost all the scripts used in present day Nepal—as many as fifteen—are the descendants of Brahmi which are built on the same formative principles of 'syllabic alphabet'. The existence of multilanguage orthographies as well as multiscripts has been the regular phenomenon in Nepal—independent to languages and language families. In the complexity of language-ethnicity and language-script relations, Nepali and the Devanagari script have been bearing the role of linking people in this country resulting from and resulted into a medium of education, media, and wider communication. Many scholars, following UNESCO 1951 report, have suggested for a standard orthography for the languages of Nepal, however, there are other views as well. In this background a Devanagari based multilanguage orthography have been proposed. This will fulfill the need of interoperable standard orthography in Nepal and benefit various types of users belonging to different language communities. The orthography will be shift from syllabic alphabet to alphabet as its systemic shift.
Collaborative Language Learning Practices of Teachers in ELT Classroom
Authors: Bhandari Bhim Lal
Published: December 2022

This study aims to explore the collaborative language teaching practices of English teachers in ELT classrooms in Nepal. Applying the theoretical framework of social constructivism, I used narrative inquiry to explore my participants’ stories regarding their practices of collaborative teaching in English classrooms. Two secondary-level English teachers from two community schools in Rupandehi district were purposively selected. I interviewed them using a semi-structured interview to elicit relevant information. This study reveals that the teacher participants felt positive toward collaborative practices to construct new knowledge, bring a solution to problems and make learning successful. The study also reveals that English teachers and learners working together sharing and exchanging ideas develop mutual trust and respect for each other. In addition, it helps establish a social atmosphere conducive to meaningful learning and to solving students’ problems.
Perception of Teachers about the Role of Parents in Developing Reading Habit of Basic Level Students
Authors: K.C. Kamala
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions about the role of parents in developing the reading habit of children to improve academic performance. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, which enabled me in capturing qualitative experiences, opinions, beliefs, and perceptions of purposefully selected participants. The participants were three basic level English teachers from Rupandehi district, Lumbini Province, Nepal. Social constructivism of Vygotsky (1978) has been used as a theory in this study. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The study confirmed that parents’ involvement is crucial in developing children’s reading habits. The parents’ continuous support in reading further enhances the academic performance of the children. The study helped me understand how children’s reading habits enable them to learn English from childhood, which thrives for further educational enhancement. It particularly appeals to and makes parents aware of their influential role in helping children begin reading habits at home.
Self- Realization and Society in Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj (1909)
Authors: Sharma Madhukar
Published: December 2022

This paper tries to explore the role of self-realization as one of the primal solutions to psycho- socio-economic and political problems facing the individual, community, nation, and the world with reference to Mahatma Gandhi’s “Hind Swaraj”. Gandhi’s philosophy appears most clearly enunciated in Hind Swaraj (1909), a book written during his days in South Africa. The study investigates the issue of why the speaker gives more priority to self-realization while criticizing modern society as a major hindrance to free individuals, community, nation, and the world. The researcher argues that the speaker in this text wants to see his human world free from all kinds of socio-economic, political, and religious problems. The research approach adopted in this paper includes the opinions, and findings drawn from different research scholars and critiques. The conclusion drawn from this study is that self-realization should be seen as the main dimension of self-connectedness, authenticity, and the ability to realize and express ourselves through our work and thoughts.
A Study of Sexism in Kate Chopin’s ‘The Story of An Hour’
Authors: Regmi Diwakar
Published: December 2022

This paper makes an attempt to explore sexism subtly knitted in Kate Chopin’s The Story of An Hour by applying post-feminist perspectives which not only raises voice against women’s subjugation by patriarchal ideology but also against women’s patriarchal attitude towards women who often ventilate sexist language- the product of masculine tutelage towards women. This paper is to find out why they use such opinionated language at women rather than practicing its fair use. Even their assisting utterance also becomes sympathetic and sexist. It is usually masked under the veil of support and sympathy. Chopin’s assumption of the use of gendered language can be seen in Mrs. Josephine upon Mrs. Mallard of this story. This paper will mainly be based on textual reading, feminist interpretation, and library consultation.
Vietnamese studies training programs in Vietnam in the context of international integration: Reality and development orientation
Authors:   Hanoi National University of Education, Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai
Published: December 2022

Vietnamese studies was launched as a training program in Vietnam in the last decade of the twentieth century at Da Lat University. Since 1994, Vietnamese studies has gradually become established as a highly applicable science in the context of international integration. After nearly 30 years, dozens of international and national seminars on research and training orientation have been organised to evaluate early achievements as well as shortcomings and limitations that need to be addressed. This study is based on an analysis of the development process to find answers to the fundamental problems of Vietnam so it can thereby perform its roles and missions well under the current context of international integration. Vietnamese studies is a subject built on general knowledge about Vietnam's geography, history, literature, people, and culture. This paper is aimed to answer what distinguishes Vietnamese studies from other social sciences and humanities disciplines; how should interdisciplinarity, rather than a mere addition to forming general knowledge, be clearly understood to carry out the true nature; and how should the Vietnamese studies training program organization be designed to meet the new requirements set by the integration context. To achieve the research objectives mentioned above, the historical - documentary method, and observation - interview method were used in this paper.
Differences in knowledge expression in teaching Vietnamese literature for international students
Authors:   Faculty of Vietnamese Studies and Language, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Le Thi Thanh Tam
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on eight differences in the process of academic interpretation of Vietnamese literature for international students as opposed to teaching Vietnamese students. The first is to explain the course outline in detail and with simple vocabulary, the second is to classify students into cultural areas and develop a strategy for softening lectures on culture, third is to quantify Vietnamese vocabulary (literary terms) in a lesson, fourth is to thoroughly apply cultural and literary comparisons in teaching and learning, fifth is to respect the initiative and creative spirit of international students, sixth is to apply the Kaizen philosophy to encourage students to understand the lesson, seventh is to provide detailed material for each lesson with selected references, and eighth is to pay special attention to linguistic and literary practices inside and outside the classroom. Those eight differences directly affect the teaching method and quality of teachers, as well as the learning efficiency and the participation of foreign students when studying Vietnam, its language, and its literature.
Moral rights and their position in the digital world
Authors:   University of Oxford, Le Van Anh
Published: December 2022

The proliferation of technology and the internet has made moral rights more vulnerable than ever. Although the digital age plays a significant role in disseminating culture to a larger audience, the online environment also comes with a threat to the author’s personal interests. Their “spiritual children” are more easily under attack. However, under international law, moral rights have not been considered duly. The Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement, WIPO Internet Treaties, and even EU Harmonize Directives all shy away from the moral rights issue in the “Digital age”. In an era when technology is developing faster than the laws regulating it, the exigency for moral rights development in copyright law must be paid more attention. This paper examines how the internet influences the protection of moral rights and to what extent it has made them more susceptible.
The analysis of counterfeits and their impact on countries’ development
Authors:   IP Paralegal at Gottlieb, Rackman & Reisman, P.C. - New York, United States, Nguyen Tram , Li Tang ,   Senior Voip Infrastructure Engineer, DTCC - New Jersey, Unites States
Published: December 2022

While the wealthy world hides its use of counterfeit, it is a part of a million people’s everyday life or a survival mechanism in underdeveloped nations. The community has habituated to living with counterfeits, and the effects are mostly ignored. Detecting counterfeits is difficult since the image is never straightforward and getting data to bring the awful effect to light is thus more difficult. Fighting counterfeiting necessitates governments enacting effective anti-counterfeit regulations, providing sufficient training to detect counterfeit items, and improving public awareness.Recently, thorough information regarding counterfeiting in many countries was gathered with the assistance of international organisations. From there, the unthinkable impact of counterfeiting on several countries, including Vietnam, became clear. And, as you can see, we are living in the so-called “The era of counterfeit.”
Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic From The Ophthalmologist`S Perspective. A Review
Authors: Navarčík Richard , Popov Ivajlo , Valášková Jela , Horkovičová Kristína
Published: December 2022

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) epidemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from China. Coronaviruses belong to enveloped ssRNA viruses and are classified into four genera: Alpha coronavirus, Beta coronavirus, Gamma coronavirus and Delta coronavirus. It is assumed that SARS-CoV-2 is spread primarily during a personal contact via bigger respiratory droplets. These droplets with viruses can be directly inhaled by other people or can lend on the surfaces with the possibility of further spreading. The ocular surface has been suggested as one of possible infection entries. Human eye has its own renin-angiotensin system with present ACE2 receptors, which bind the virus through spike protein. The most common symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are fever, cough and dyspnoea. Several clinical entities, such as conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis, retinitis, and optic neuritis have been associated with this infection. The most common ophthalmologic symptom associated with COVID-19 disease is conjunctivitis. Some studies indicate that eye symptoms are commonly present in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and that it is possible to detect viral RNA from the conjunctival sac of these patients.
In ophthalmologic praxis, we manage not only the therapy of the eye structures` inflammation in relation with this infection, but also the overall management of the visits and the supervision of the patients who are at risk and positive for coronavirus. Ophthalmologists could potentially have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to personal communication with the patients, frequent exposure to tears and eye secrets and the use of devices. We would like to provide an ophthalmologist`s perspective on this topic.
Analysis of the Anteroposterior Corneal Optical Power Ratio Using OCT
Authors: Fůs Martin , Pitrová Šárka
Published: December 2022

Aims: The aim of the study was to analyse the values of the anteroposterior corneal optical power ratio (AP ratio), to compare the resulting values with those theoretical models of the eye, and to define the effect of using an individual ratio value on the approximation of the total corneal power.
Material and Methods: A total of 406 eyes were included. Each patient underwent an OCT (RTVue XR) examination, according to which the AP ratio of the cornea was determined, as well as the biometric parameters of the eye (Lenstar LS900). The correlation between the biometric parameters of the eye and the individual AP ratio values were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In the analysis, the AP ratio results were compared with selected schematic models of the eye. Using Gaussian equations, a theoretical calculation of the total corneal optical power (KG) was performed, by fitting the AP ratio value and comparing it with the actually measured total corneal power (TCP).
Results: The mean value of the individually determined AP ratio was 1.17 ±0.02. The most frequently represented interval (33.74 %) was 1.17 to 1.18 AP ratio values, with the vast majority of eyes (79.56 %) in the range of 1.15 to 1.20. Individual values of total corneal optical power were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) from the theoretical values of TCP (except in the Liu-Brennan eye model, where p = 0.06). The lowest mean difference of values was found for the Navarro schematic model. The dependence of the measured AP ratio values and biometric parameters reached a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.50 for p < 0.05) with the parameter corneal posterior surface curvature (Rp), as well as a weak negative correlation with limbal diameter WtW (r = -0.26 for p < 0.05) and a weak positive correlation with central corneal thickness CCT (r = 0.17 for p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The assumption of a constant value of the AP ratio according to the selected schematic models of the eye is statistically significantly different from the actual measured values and was defined to have only a negative weak correlation with the size of the limbus diameter. Using the resulting average value of the determined AP ratio (1.17 ±0.02), a lower difference between real and calculated total corneal optical power was achieved.
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma due to Mutations in the MYOC Gene
Authors: Vergaro Andrea , Rezková Lucie , Fichtl Marek , Jedličková Jana , Ďuďáková Ľubica , Růžičková Eva , Lišková Petra
Published: December 2022

Aim: Mutations in the myocilin gene (MYOC) cause trabecular dysfunction and thus are involved in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The aim of this study was to characterize and describe the clinical findings in two Czech families with POAG due to pathogenic variants in the MYOC gene.
Material and methods: Members of the two families affected by POAG underwent complete ophthalmological examination. In the proband from the first family, a direct sequencing of the three most frequent mutations in the MYOC gene was performed, and in the proband from the second family, an exome sequencing was performed. Other family members underwent targeted tests using direct sequencing.
Results: In total, 10 individuals diagnosed with POAG aged 20–70 years (mean 32.2 years, SD ±10.9 years) were examined. Eight of them showed advanced glaucomatous neuropathy with severe changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer. Clinical signs of POAG were present in six individuals in the third decade of life already; another four developed POAG during the fourth decade of life. Eight out of 10 patients had to undergo filtration surgery. Surgery was performed within 1 to 7 years of diagnosis, but mostly was performed within 2 years of glaucoma diagnosis. In the first family, MYOC variant c.1099G>A p.(Gly367Arg) was shown in the affected family members; in the second family MYOC variant c.1440C>A p.(Asn480Lys), both in heterozygous state. The changes were assessed as pathogenic.
Conclusion: Our study is the first to describe mutations in the MYOC gene causing POAG in Czech patients. Genetic testing may be recommended for this diagnosis, especially in individuals with early presentation and a positive family history. Carriers of pathogenic variants of the MYOC gene have a lifetime risk of developing POAG of more than 50% and the course of their disease is often more aggressive, requiring surgical intervention to permanently control the intraocular pressure.
Late Choroidal Neovascular Complications in a Patient Treated for Retinoblastoma. A Case Report
Authors: Popová Veronika , Tomčíková Dana , Bušányová Beáta , Hodálová Klára , Havalda Daniel , Gerinec Anton
Published: December 2022

Aim: Case report of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) detection in patient who was treated for bilateral retinoblastoma in early childhood.
Material and methods: Patient at 1.5 years of age treated for endophytic retinoblastoma stage 4 (according to the Reese-Ellsworth classification) bilaterally, with a positive mutation in the Rb1 gene. After undergoing bilateral retinal laser treatment and 6 cycles of systemic chemotherapy, the tumor remained inactive without other complications. At the age of 14, the boy developed visual impairment in his left eye with metamorphosis. Based on a local finding and other auxiliary examinations, he was diagnosed with CNV in the macular area at the interface of the tumor scar and the healthy retina of the left eye.
Results: After three applications of anti-VEGF (antibodies blocking vascular endothelial growth factor) substance intravitreally (bevacizumab 1.2 mg), there was a reduction in CNV and also an improvement in visual function.
Staying The Blazes Home: Group Charisma, Government Messaging and COVID-19
Authors: Stalker Lynda Harling , Cormack Patricia
Published: December 2022

This case study of Nova Scotia, Canada, inspects the uptake and circulation of provincial government health messaging during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, organized around the motto “stay the blazes home.” Messaging and collective narratives are analyzed by way of Norbert Elias’s “established/outsider” dynamics, especially focusing on his concepts of “group charisma” and “praise and blame gossip.” Economic realities and identity practices helped make this motto recognizable as a proffered collective call to action around themes of self-restraint rather than neoliberal risk calculation. Outsiders in this collective identity formation are understood to bring more than disease to the province but “anomic infection” itself. Furthermore, the mechanisms of reopening the province are also found in a longstanding and related collective ethos toward hospitality. Finally, the problematic post-pandemic dynamics of established group identity formation are examined.
The People’s Branch: The U.S. Congress and the Democratic State
Authors: Holt Daniel S.
Published: December 2022

The institutional history of the United States Congress has lagged in recent decades as historians of American political development have focused on the history of administration and defined the state in terms of the autonomy of bureaucratic government institutions. In this article, I argue that the history of both Congress and the American state would benefit from analyzing Congress as an institution of the democratic state—an ongoing historical project in which the American people and their representatives in Congress have shaped American democracy and the creation, evolution, and administration of the American state.
Getting Inequality Right: A Zunzian Perspective on the Reformulation of the American Promise
Authors: Revell Keith D.
Published: December 2022

This essay draws on Zunz’s major works to show how the reformulation of the American Promise between, roughly, 1870 and 1960 established a new relationship between inequality and solidarity. I argue that Zunz’s analysis demonstrates that the emerging white-collar middle class responded to the crises of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries with three cultural innovations— recodifying status, engineering social harmony, and formalizing voluntarism—intended to reconcile the country to the inequalities of urban-industrial life. Through the construction of corporate bureaucracies, the development of “human engineering,” and the creation of the nonprofit sector, members of the new middle class attempted, with considerable success, to get inequality “right” by adapting their traditional expectations about inequality to new institutional circumstances. By linking large-scale changes to the agency of a specific social group, Zunz’s contributions to historical research illuminate how the American Century emerged from historical circumstances and why it has fallen apart.
The Democracy of the Spectacle
Authors: Goldhammer Arthur
Published: December 2022

Tocqueville envisioned any number of ways in which democracy might succumb to tyranny and sought to imagine social processes and institutions that might mitigate this threat. Among these was participation in local government, which he saw as a way of teaching humility and moderating political passions with the potential to undermine democracy. But the importance of local government has diminished as the scale of democratic polities has increased and as changes in the media landscape have given rise to a “democracy of the spectacle” in which identification with the executive who incarnates the central government has supplanted engagement with local issues. What do these changes imply for Tocqueville’s view of democratic stability?
Les Conversations Tocqueville 4e édition, 8–9 juillet 2022
Authors: Mélonio Françoise
Published: December 2022

Les Conversations Tocqueville se proposent de faire dialoguer ensemble des hommes politiques, des universitaires, des responsables de fondations, principalement européens et américains. Les Conversations 2022, fidèles au souci d’aborder les enjeux contemporains dans un esprit tocquevillien, ont porté sur la guerre en Ukraine que Moscou présente comme une guerre de civilisation contre les démocraties libérales de l’Occident. Les interventions suivirent la chronologie de la guerre : d’abord les causes de la catastrophe qui incluent à la fois la nature du régime soviétique et la responsabilité éventuelle de l’Occident par ses provocations, ses aveuglements ou ses renoncements, puis la réflexion sur l’état présent et enfin les perspectives d’avenir, diplomatiques et militaires.
Les récits de voyages selon Édouard et Alexis de Tocqueville
Authors: Mélonio Françoise
Published: December 2022

Compte rendu du livre d’Édouard de Tocqueville, Voyage en Angleterre, en Écosse et en Irlande, édition établie, présentée et annotée par Barbara Wright : Edouard de Tocqueville, frère aîné d’Alexis a accompli en 1824 un voyage en Angleterre, en Ecosse et en Irlande. Son journal de voyage, sensible et riche d’illustrations pittoresques, permet de mieux saisir la distance prise très tôt par Alexis à l’égard de la culture de sa famille et des jeunes légitimistes.
The American Red Cross and Disaster Relief in the 1960s: Nonprofits and Mass Philanthropy in an Era of Rising Expectations
Authors: Morris Andrew
Published: December 2022

Hurricane Camille, a devastating Category Five hurricane which hit the Gulf Coast of the U.S. in August, 1969, prompted a reassessment of U.S. disaster relief policy. The American National Red Cross, which had played the dominant role in disaster relief for individuals in the U.S. since the turn of the century, saw its role in disaster relief challenged on a number of fronts. Facing failures in its response to Camille, financial challenges in meeting every-more-costly disasters in the post-World War Two era, and rising expectations of both adequacy and equity on the part of disaster victims, the non-governmental agency ultimately found its role diminished by both the expansion of federal disaster relief programs and by the increasing prominence of disaster programs performed by other voluntary agencies such as the Salvation Army and the Mennonite Disaster Service.
El enigma del coronavirus – Reinfecciones por COVID-19, COVID prolongado – Vacunas bivalentes - La gestante – Derechos humanos y Ética
Authors: Romero José Pacheco
Published: December 2022

Después de meses de calma relativa, nuevas manifestaciones de las subvariantes del virus abren un futuro inmediato de duda sobre cómo el mundo puede ser afectado y cuál deba ser la conducta de preparación en salud de las naciones.
Nuevos retos en la gestiÃ³n documental y preservaciÃ³n digital en empresas de ingenierÃ­a
Authors: GarcÃ­a-Morales Elisa , Gallego-GarcÃ­a Ãngeles
Published: December 2022

Los trabajos y proyectos de ingenierÃ­a generan documentos y registros esenciales para el funcionamiento y mantenimiento de nuestra forma de vida hoy en dÃ­a. Muchas de las infraestructuras, edificios y productos resultantes deben perdurar a lo largo del tiempo y de ahÃ­ deriva la necesidad para las empresas de mantener las evidencias de cÃ³mo se hacen e hicieron las cosas. Para conservar a largo plazo estos activos de informaciÃ³n nacidos digitales, hay que plantearse la aplicaciÃ³n de prÃ¡cticas de preservaciÃ³n digital, que no pueden ir disociadas de una adecuada gestiÃ³n documental desde el momento en que se crean y generan dichos documentos y contenidos.
Impulsive Buying Tendecy: The Role of Cognitive Factors, Personality Traits and Affect
Authors: Kafadar Hatice , Yılmaz Selin
Published: December 2022

Impulsive buying is considered to be an emotional and unplanned decision-making behaviour. Because this type of purchasing rate has fairly increased in recent years, examining the determinants of impulsive buying is important to understand which intervention programs should be designed. In the current study, it was aimed to develop a model in which impulsive buying tendency is predicted by variables such as personality traits, affect and cognitive factors (problem solving skills and cognitive flexibility). Overall, 300 young adults (198 female and 102 male), took part in the study. The mean age of the participants for the current study was as 21.29 years (SD=2.95). Impulsive buying tendency, personality traits, affect, problem solving skills and cognitive flexibility variables were measured via Consumer Buying Impulsivity Scale (CBI), Behavioural Inhibition/Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) and Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFI), respectively. The results indicated that personality traits in the behavioral activation system (reward system) could be an important determinant of impulsive buying tendency when examined together with other variables. In sum, high reward responsiveness may result in impulsive buying. Furthermore, affective factors (both negative and positive affect) rather than cognitive factors may be a triggering factor for impulsive buying.
Bireysel Karşılıklılık Normu Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması ve Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi
Authors: Üzümçeker Emir , Akfırat Serap
Published: December 2022

Karşılıklılık, bireylerin diğerlerinin olumlu ve olumsuz davranışlarına aynı şekilde karşılık vermesini salık veren normdur. Bu kavram gerek sosyal psikolojide gerekse diğer sosyal bilimlerde sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bireysel Karşılıklılık Normu Ölçeği Türkçeye çevrilmiş ve bu çevirinin güvenirlik ve geçerliğine dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. Bu ölçek Pozitif Karşılıklılık Normu (PKN), Negatif Karşılıklılık Normu (NKN) ve Karşılıklılığa İnanç (Kİ) olmak üzere her biri 9 madde içeren 3 alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. 328 üniversite öğrencisinden anket yoluyla veri toplanmış, ölçeğin yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular toplamda 3 maddenin hem açımlayıcı hem doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde beklenen şekilde işlemediğini, diğer maddelerin beklenen faktör yüklerine sahip olduğunu ve modelin uyum değerlerinin yeterli olduğunu göstermiştir (PKN ve NKN için χ²(116)=219, p<0.001, χ²/df=1.887, CFI=0.908, RMSEA=0.051, SRMR=0.060., Kİ için χ²(13)=32.1, p=0.002, χ²/df=2.47, CFI=.915, RMSEA=.066, SRMR=043). Aynı zamanda, beklendiği gibi ölçeğin üç alt boyutu arasında pozitif korelasyon mevcuttur. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarının güvenirlik katsayıları ise PKN için .71, NKN için .76, Karşılıklılık İnancı için ise .62’dir. İlgili bir değişken olan prososyal yönelim ise yalnızca Negatif Karşılıklılık Normu ile negatif korelasyon göstermiştir. Bulgular ölçeğin tatmin edici güvenirlik ve geçerlik değerlerine sahip olduğunu ve karşılıklılık normunu içselleştirme düzeyinde bireysel farklılıkların ölçülmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
The role of the directive on the degree of guilt in the judicial determination of punishment. Comments in the context of the Polish Penal Code
Authors: Kania-Chramęga Agnieszka
Published: December 2022

This study focuses on the controversial issues related to one of the directives of the judicial assessment of punishment, i.e., the directive of the degreeof guilt. The limiting approach to guilt has raised some objections in literature (Article 53 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code in principio). In addition, the lack of statutory determinants which influence the assessment of the degree of guilt was no less controversial. Given the above issues, the article aims to: 1) determine whether the normative requirement that the sentence severity cannot exceed the degree of guilt and the imposition of a sentence which isproportional to the guilt are mutually exclusive, as well as to 2) verify the problematic nature of the lack of identification of factors determining the assessment of the degree of guilt. Based on the carried out analyses, it wasconcluded that reducing the role of guilt to limiting the level of punishment does not per se mean imposing on the perpetrator a punishment which is disproportional to the degree of guilt. Within the framework of the present analyses, it was attempted to prove that it would be particularly postulated to indicate a catalogue of circumstances which would act as quantifiers, enabling the gradation of guilt.
Obowiązek stosowania ustawy Prawo zamówień publicznych przez fundacje i stowarzyszenia prowadzące szkoły
Authors: Bendorf-Bundorf Maciej
Published: December 2022

Zadania i cele realizowane przez fundacje i stowarzyszenia często pokrywają się z zadaniami i celami, do których realizacji zobowiązane są podmioty publiczne, w tym jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Wskazana zbieżność jest szczególnie widoczna na płaszczyźnie zadań z zakresu edukacji publicznej, fundacje i stowarzyszenia są bowiem uprawnione do występowania w roli organu prowadzącego szkoły. Celem artykułu jest analiza obowiązku stosowania przez fundację lub stowarzyszenie – organ prowadzący szkołę przepisów regulujących udzielanie zamówień publicznych. Konieczność poddania takich stanów faktycznych ocenie wynika faktu otrzymywania przez szkoły prowadzone przez „inne osoby prawne” dotacji z budżetu właściwych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Czy środki otrzymane w formie dotacji, w przypadku gdy ich udział w ogólnym budżecie fundacji lub stowarzyszenia – organu prowadzącego szkołę przekroczy 50%, stanowią przejaw finansowania uzasadniającego powstanie obowiązku stosowania ustawy - Prawo zamówień publicznych na podstawie art. 4 pkt 3, a więc jako podmiot prawa publicznego?
Właściwość wojewody w zakresie kontroli i cenzury w czasie stanu wojennego
Authors: Karpiuk Mirosław
Published: December 2022

Wojewoda jako przedstawiciel Rady Ministrów w terenie został wyposażony w szereg kompetencji, w tym w zakresie obronności, bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego. Nie tylko zapewnia współdziałanie wszystkich organów administracji publicznej działających w województwie, ale też w przypadku zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa państwa kieruje ich działalnością. Zadania w zakresie kontroli i cenzury również są wykonywane w przypadku zagrożenia (zewnętrznego) bezpieczeństwa państwa na rzecz przywrócenia jego normalnego funkcjonowania, z tym że są skierowane nie do podmiotów administracyjnych, a osób fizycznych, osób prawnych i jednostek organizacyjnych nieposiadających osobowości prawnej.Celem artykułu jest wskazanie statusu wojewody jako organu kontroli i cenzury w czasie stanu wojennego. Uprawnienia przedstawiciela Rady Ministrów w województwie w tym zakresie oddziałują na sferę wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela, w związku z czym nie podlegają one wykładni rozszerzającej.Wojewoda w ramach działań podejmowanych na rzecz bezpieczeństwa państwa jest uprawniony do ingerowania w drodze decyzji, w sferę wolności i praw jednostki. Ingerencja ta nie ma jednak charakteru dowolnego, musi on ściśle przestrzegać w tym zakresie litery prawa, a jego działania muszą zmierzać do przywrócenia normalnego funkcjonowania państwa. Instrumenty służące ograniczeniu wolności i praw człowieka i obywatela nie mogą być nadużywane.