bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggregated Ratio Analysis in DEA
Authors: Zha Yong , Liang Liang
Published: January 2014

DEA and ratio analysis are commonly viewed as alternatively effective tools in assessing the performance of different DMUs. Many researches have been developed to reveal their inherent relationship and to explore the integration of both methods as well. In this paper, we first question Theorem 1 by Wu et al. (International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 4(3) (2005) 369–384) and illustrate a counter example to show the nonequivalence between the aggregated ratio model they proposed and CCR model. The errors which existed in its proof are also indicated. Further, an improved aggregated ratio model is established to better comprehend the inner relationship between the two methods. We demonstrate its equivalence to traditional CCR model, and propose an inference that the observed DMU is ratio efficient if and only if it is CCR efficient. Numerical analysis carefully describes the nontrivial difference between the proposed model and that by Wu et al. (International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 4(3) (2005) 369–384), and validates the feasibility of our model.
Quantification Classification Algorithm of Multiple Sources of Evidence
Authors: Yang Jian-Ping , Huang Hong-Zhong , Liu Yu , Li Yan-Feng
Published: January 2014

Although Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory and its reasoning mechanism can deal with imprecise and uncertain information by combining cumulative evidences for changing prior opinions of new evidences, there is a deficiency in applying classical D–S evidence theory combination rule when conflict evidence appear — conflict evidence causes counter-intuitive results. To address this issue, alternative combination rules have been proposed for resolving the appeared conflicts of evidence. An underlying assumption is that conflict evidences exist, which, however, is not always true. Moreover, it has been verified that conflict factors may not be accurate to characterize the degree of conflict. Instead, the Jousselme distance has been regarded as a quantification criterion for the degree of conflict because of its promising properties. To avoid the counter-intuitive results, multiple sources of evidence should be classified first. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to quantify the classification of multiple sources of evidence based on a core vector method, and the algorithm is further verified by two examples. This study also explores the relationship between complementary information and conflicting evidence and discusses the stochastic interpretation of basic probability assignment functions.
On Some Highly Efficient Derivative Free Methods With and Without Memory for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Sharma J. R. , Gupta Puneet
Published: January 2014

We present derivative free multipoint methods of optimal eighth and sixteenth order convergence for solving nonlinear equations. The schemes are based on derivative free two-point methods proposed by Petković et al. [Petković, M. S., Džunić, J. and Petković, L. D. [2011] "A family of two-point methods with memory for solving nonlinear equations," Appl. Anal. Discrete Math.5, 298–317], which further developed by using rational approximations. Extending the work further, we explore four-point methods with memory with increasing order of convergence from the basic four-point scheme without memory. The order is increased from 16 of the basic method to 20, 22, 23, 23.662, and 24 by suitable variation of a free parameter in each iterative step. This increase in the convergence order is achieved without any additional function evaluations and therefore, the methods with memory possess better computational efficiency than the methods without memory. Numerical examples are presented and the performance is compared with the existing optimal three and four-point methods. Computational results and comparison with the existing methods confirm efficient and robust character of present methods.
Effect of Electroacupuncture on Rats with Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Hsu Hsin-Cheng , Tang Nou-Ying , Lin Yi-Wen , Li Tsai-Chung , Liu Hsu-Jan , Hsieh Ching-Liang
Published: January 2014

We adopt the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to induce neuropathic pain to Spragrue-Dawley (SD) rats by ligating the right sciatic nerve of using four 4-0 chromic gut sutures and subsequently applying 2 and 15 Hz electroacupuncture (EA), respectively, to the right (ipsilateral) Zusanli (St-36) and Shangjuxu (St-37) acupoints. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) the differences in withdrawal latencies for the radiant heat test and total lift leg counts for the cold plate test (4°C) of the control (i.e., non-EA) and sham groups were greater than those of the 2 Hz EA (2EA) and 15 Hz EA (15EA) groups; (2) the von Frey test filament gram counts of the control and sham groups were less than those of the 2EA and 15EA groups on the 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th, 12th, and 13th day following ligation; and (3) the 2EA and 15EA groups exhibited reduced cerebral transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) expressions, although we did not observe a similar effect for cerebral TRPV1 or spinal TRPV4/TRPV1 expressions. These findings show that 2 and 15 Hz EA can reduce CCI-induced neuropathic pain, which indicates that various spinal segmental and gate effects have a crucial function in pain reduction. The relationship between EA and TRPV4/TRPV1 expression requires further study.
Inflammatory Cytokines and Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Florindo Margarida
Published: January 2014

Background. Besides the functional benefits, physical activity triggers a hormonal pattern of immunologic responses with an anti-inflammatory effect in individuals who suffer from multiple sclerosis. Purpose. To analyze the influence of physical activity on multiple sclerosis and identify the intensity threshold which triggers the anti-inflammatory physiological mechanism. Methodology. A systematic review was made on the databases Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, PloS, PEDro, and Web of Science. Studies from references of retrieved articles were also collected. The criteria included studies published in English and random studies referred to the inflammatory process, connected with physical activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The studies were methodologically analyzed by two reviewers according to PEDro scale. Results and Discussion. Five random control trial studies were identified. The results revealed that with physical activity there seems to have a modulation on anti-inflammatory cytokines which improve physical and cardiorespiratory performance. More investigation is required. Conclusions. Physical activity influences the quality of life and it seems to stimulate the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines. With light physical activity the cellular activity is lower, while with moderate activity there seems to have more capacity to help in the resolution of an inflammatory situation.
Comparative and Developmental Anatomy of Cardiac Lymphatics
Authors: Ratajska A. , Gula G. , Flaht-Zabost A. , Czarnowska E. , Ciszek B. , Jankowska-Steifer E. , Niderla-Bielinska J. , Radomska-Lesniewska D.
Published: January 2014

The role of the cardiac lymphatic system has been recently appreciated since lymphatic disturbances take part in various heart pathologies. This review presents the current knowledge about normal anatomy and structure of lymphatics and their prenatal development for a better understanding of the proper functioning of this system in relation to coronary circulation. Lymphatics of the heart consist of terminal capillaries of various diameters, capillary plexuses that drain continuously subendocardial, myocardial, and subepicardial areas, and draining (collecting) vessels that lead the lymph out of the heart. There are interspecies differences in the distribution of lymphatic capillaries, especially near the valves, as well as differences in the routes and number of draining vessels. In some species, subendocardial areas contain fewer lymphatic capillaries as compared to subepicardial parts of the heart. In all species there is at least one collector vessel draining lymph from the subepicardial plexuses and running along the anterior interventricular septum under the left auricle and further along the pulmonary trunk outside the heart and terminating in the right venous angle. The second collector assumes a different route in various species. In most mammalian species the collectors run along major branches of coronary arteries, have valves and a discontinuous layer of smooth muscle cells.
A Mushroom Extract Piwep fromPhellinus igniariusAmeliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Immune Cell Infiltration in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Li Lan , Wu Guang , Choi Bo Young , Jang Bong Geom , Kim Jin Hee , Sung Gi Ho , Cho Jae Youl , Suh Sang Won , Park Hyoung Jin
Published: January 2014

The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a mushroom extract fromPhellinus igniariusin an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The medicinal mushroom,Phellinus igniarius, contains biologically active compounds that modulate the human immune system. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 35–55) in C57BL/6 female mice. A water-ethanol extract ofPhellinus igniarius(Piwep) was delivered intraperitoneally every other day for the entire experimental course. Three weeks after the initial immunization, demyelination and immune cell infiltration in the spinal cord were examined. Piwep injection profoundly decreased the daily incidence rate and clinical score of EAE. The Piwep-mediated inhibition of the clinical course of EAE was accompanied by suppression of demyelination and infiltration of encephalitogenic immune cells including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and B cells in the spinal cord. Piwep reduced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the spinal cord and integrin-α4in the lymph node of EAE mice. Piwep also inhibited proliferation of lymphocytes and secretion of interferon-γin the lymph node of EAE mice. The results suggest that a mushroom extract, Piwep, may have a high therapeutic potential for ameliorating multiple sclerosis progression.
The Shapley Values on Fuzzy Coalition Games with Concave Integral Form
Authors: Pang Jinhui , Chen Xiang , Li Shujin
Published: January 2014

A generalized form of a cooperative game with fuzzy coalition variables is proposed. The character function of the new game is described by the Concave integral, which allows players to assign their preferred expected values only to some coalitions. It is shown that the new game will degenerate into the Tsurumi fuzzy game when it is convex. The Shapley values of the proposed game have been investigated in detail and their simple calculation formula is given by a linear aggregation of the Shapley values on subdecompositions crisp coalitions.
A Nonmonotone Adaptive Trust Region Method Based on Conic Model for Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Cui Zhaocheng
Published: January 2014

We propose a nonmonotone adaptive trust region method for unconstrained optimization problems which combines a conic model and a new update rule for adjusting the trust region radius. Unlike the traditional adaptive trust region methods, the subproblem of the new method is the conic minimization subproblem. Moreover, at each iteration, we use the last and the current iterative information to define a suitable initial trust region radius. The global and superlinear convergence properties of the proposed method are established under reasonable conditions. Numerical results show that the new method is efficient and attractive for unconstrained optimization problems.
A Treatable Neurometabolic Disorder: Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
Authors: Pusti S. , Das N. , Nayek K. , Biswas S.
Published: January 2014

Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA-1) is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan metabolism caused by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. It results in the accumulation of 3-hydroxyglutaric and glutaric acid. Affected patients can present with brain atrophy and macrocephaly and with acute dystonia secondary to striatal degeneration in most cases triggered by an intercurrent childhood infection with fever between 6 and 18 months of age. We report two such cases with macrocephaly, typical MRI pictures, and tandem mass spectrometry suggestive of glutaric aciduria type 1.
Ratsnake: A Versatile Image Annotation Tool with Application to Computer-Aided Diagnosis
Authors: Iakovidis D. K. , Goudas T. , Smailis C. , Maglogiannis I.
Published: January 2014

Image segmentation and annotation are key components of image-based medical computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. In this paper we present Ratsnake, a publicly available generic image annotation tool providing annotation efficiency, semantic awareness, versatility, and extensibility, features that can be exploited to transform it into an effective CAD system. In order to demonstrate this unique capability, we present its novel application for the evaluation and quantification of salient objects and structures of interest in kidney biopsy images. Accurate annotation identifying and quantifying such structures in microscopy images can provide an estimation of pathogenesis in obstructive nephropathy, which is a rather common disease with severe implication in children and infants. However a tool for detecting and quantifying the disease is not yet available. A machine learning-based approach, which utilizes prior domain knowledge and textural image features, is considered for the generation of an image force field customizing the presented tool for automatic evaluation of kidney biopsy images. The experimental evaluation of the proposed application of Ratsnake demonstrates its efficiency and effectiveness and promises its wide applicability across a variety of medical imaging domains.
Pareto Design of State Feedback Tracking Control of a Biped Robot via Multiobjective PSO in Comparison with Sigma Method and Genetic Algorithms: Modified NSGAII and MATLAB’s Toolbox
Authors: Mahmoodabadi M. J. , Taherkhorsandi M. , Bagheri A.
Published: January 2014

An optimal robust state feedback tracking controller is introduced to control a biped robot. In the literature, the parameters of the controller are usually determined by a tedious trial and error process. To eliminate this process and design the parameters of the proposed controller, the multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, that is, the proposed method, modified NSGAII, Sigma method, and MATLAB’s Toolbox MOGA, are employed in this study. Among the used evolutionary optimization algorithms to design the controller for biped robots, the proposed method operates better in the aspect of designing the controller since it provides ample opportunities for designers to choose the most appropriate point based upon the design criteria. Three points are chosen from the nondominated solutions of the obtained Pareto front based on two conflicting objective functions, that is, the normalized summation of angle errors and normalized summation of control effort. Obtained results elucidate the efficiency of the proposed controller in order to control a biped robot.
Unique Characteristics of the Pyrrolysine System in the 7th Order of Methanogens: Implications for the Evolution of a Genetic Code Expansion Cassette
Authors: Borrel Guillaume , Gaci Nadia , Peyret Pierre , O'Toole Paul W. , Gribaldo Simonetta , Brugère Jean-François
Published: January 2014

Pyrrolysine (Pyl), the 22nd proteogenic amino acid, was restricted until recently to few organisms. Its translational use necessitates the presence of enzymes for synthesizing it from lysine, a dedicated amber stop codon suppressor tRNA, and a specific amino-acyl tRNA synthetase. The three genomes of the recently proposed Thermoplasmata-related 7th order of methanogens contain the complete genetic set for Pyl synthesis and its translational use. Here, we have analyzed the genomic features of the Pyl-coding system in these three genomes with those previously known fromBacteriaandArchaeaand analyzed the phylogeny of each component. This shows unique peculiarities, notably anamber  tRNAPylwith an imperfect anticodon stem and a shortenedtRNAPylsynthetase. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that a Pyl-coding system was present in the ancestor of the seventh order of methanogens and appears more closely related to Bacteria than to Methanosarcinaceae, suggesting the involvement of lateral gene transfer in the spreading of pyrrolysine between the two prokaryotic domains. We propose that the Pyl-coding system likely emerged once in Archaea, in a hydrogenotrophic and methanol-H2-dependent methylotrophic methanogen. The close relationship between methanogenesis and the Pyl system provides a possible example of expansion of a still evolving genetic code, shaped by metabolic requirements.

Corrigendum to “Unique Characteristics of the Pyrrolysine System in the 7th Order of Methanogens: Implications for the Evolution of a Genetic Code Expansion Cassette”
The Role of Decay Accelerating Factor in Environmentally Induced and Idiopathic Systemic Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Toomey Christopher B. , Cauvi David M. , Pollard Kenneth M.
Published: January 2014

Decay accelerating factor (DAF) plays a complex role in the immune system through complement-dependent and -independent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Over the past five years there has been accumulating evidence for a significant role of DAF in negatively regulating adaptive T-cell responses and autoimmunity in both humans and experimental models. This review discusses the relationship between DAF and the complement system and highlights major advances in our understanding of the biology of DAF in human disease, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus. The role of DAF in regulation of idiopathic and environmentally induced systemic autoimmunity is discussed including studies showing that reduction or absence of DAF is associated with autoimmunity. In contrast, DAF-mediated T cell activation leads to cytokine expression consistent with T regulatory cells. This is supported by studies showing that interaction between DAF and its molecular partner, CD97, modifies expression of autoimmunity promoting cytokines. These observations are used to develop a hypothetical model to explain how DAF expression may impact T cell differentiation via interaction with CD97 leading to T regulatory cells, increased production of IL-10, and immune tolerance.
Identification of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Self-Incompatibility
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhang Feng-Jiao , Chen Fa-Di , Fang Wei-Min , Teng Nian-Jun
Published: January 2014

There has been a heated argument over self-incompatibilityof chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) among chrysanthemum breeders. In order to solve the argument, we investigated pistil receptivity, seed set, and compatible index of 24 chrysanthemum cultivars. It was found that the 24 cultivars averagely had 3.7–36.3 pollen grains germinating on stigmas at 24 hours after self-pollination through the fluorescence microscope using aniline blue staining method. However, only 10 of them produced self-pollinated seeds, and their seed sets and compatible indexes were 0.03–56.50% and 0.04–87.50, respectively. The cultivar “Q10-33-1” had the highest seed set (56.50%) and compatible index (87.50), but ten of its progeny had a wide range of separation in seed set (0–37.23%) and compatible index (0–68.65). The results indicated that most of chrysanthemum cultivars were self-incompatible, while a small proportion of cultivars were self-compatible. In addition, there is a comprehensive separation of self-incompatibility among progeny from the same self-pollinated self-compatible chrysanthemum cultivar. Therefore, it is better to emasculate inflorescences during chrysanthemum hybridization breeding when no information concerning its self-incompatibility characteristics is available. However, if it is self-incompatible and propagated by vegetative methods, it is unnecessary to carry out emasculation when it is used as a female plant during hybridization breeding.
Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Equilibrium Parameters for the Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions with Calcium Alginate Beads
Authors: Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva Ruth , Hidalgo-Vázquez Aura Roxana , Cortés Penagos Consuelo de Jesús , Cortés-Martínez Raúl
Published: January 2014

The sorption of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by calcium alginate beads (CAB) from aqueous solutions in batch systems was investigated. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, as well as the sorption capacities of CAB in each system at different temperatures, were evaluated. The rate of sorption for both metals was rapid in the first 10 minutes and reached a maximum in 50 minutes. Sorption kinetic data were fitted to Lagergren, pseudo-second-order and Elovich models and it was found that the second-order kinetic model describes these data for the two metals; comparing kinetic parameters for Cd and Pb sorption a higher kinetic rate (K2) for Pb was observed, indicating that the interaction between lead cations and alginate beads was faster than for cadmium. Similarly, isotherm data were fitted to different models reported in literature and it was found that the Langmuir-Freundlich (L-F) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models describe the isotherms in all cases. CAB sorption capacity for cadmium was 27.4 mg/g and 150.4 mg/g for lead, at 25°C. Sorption capacities of Cd and Pb increase as temperature rises. According to the thermodynamic parameters, the cadmium and lead adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. It was also found that pH has an important effect on the adsorption of these metals by CAB, as more were removed at pH values between 6 and 7.
Electroacupuncture at Acupoints Reverses Plasma Glutamate, Lipid, and LDL/VLDL in an Acute Migraine Rat Model: A 1H NMR‐Based Metabolomic Study
Authors: Gao Zishan , Liu Xuguang , Yu Shuguang , Zhang Qi , Chen Qin , Wu Qiaofeng , Liu Juan , Sun Bo , Fang Li , Lin Jia , Zhu Bing-Mei , Yan Xianzhong , Liang Fanrong
Published: January 2014

Background. The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers of electroacupuncture (EA) on relieving acute migraine through metabolomic study. Methods. EA treatments were performed on both acupoints and nonacupoints on the nitroglycerin (NTG)‐induced migraine rat model. NMR experiments and multivariate analysis were used for metabolomic analysis. Results. The number of head‐scratching, the main ethology index of migraine rat model, was significantly increased (P < 0.01) after NTG injection. The plasma metabolic profile of model group was distinct from that of the control group. Glutamate was significantly increased (P < 0.01), whereas lipids were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in model rats. After EA at acupoints, the metabolic profile of model rats was normalized, with decreased glutamate (P < 0.05) and increased lipids (P < 0.01). In contrast, EA at nonacupoints did not restore the metabolic profile, but with six metabolites significantly different from acupoints group. Interestingly, the number of head‐scratching and glutamate level were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after receiving EA at both acupoints and nonacupoints. Conclusions. EA at acupoints may relieve acute migraine by restoring the plasma metabolic profile and plasma glutamate, while EA at nonacupoints may modestly relieve acute migraine by decreasing plasma glutamate.
The Relationship between Climbing Ability and Physiological Responses to Rock Climbing
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Panáčková Michaela , Strejcová Barbora , Martin Andrew J. , Cochrane Darryl J. , Kaláb Miloš , Kodejška Jan , Draper Nick
Published: January 2014

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between submaximal and maximal physiological responses to rock climbing for climbers of differing abilities.Methods. Twenty-six male climbers performed a submaximal climbing test on a known circuit at 90° (vertical) and 105° (15° overhanging) inclination and speed 25 movements·min−1. A maximal test was undertaken on a similar circuit at the same speed with inclination increasing by 10° for each successive 3 min stage.Results. Mean oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) increased with wall inclination and climbers reached a mean (±SD) peakV˙O2of 40.3 ± 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1during the maximal test. Self-reported climbing ability was negatively correlated withV˙O2and HR during the submaximal test at 90° (V˙O2,r=−0.82; HR, andr=−0.66) and at 105° (V˙O2,r=−0.84; HR, andr=−0.78) suggesting an increased exercise economy for climbers with a higher ability level.Conclusion. Findings from this study indicate that there is a relationship between wall inclination and the physiological demand of a climb. However, the increased technical ability and fitness of higher level climbers appears to an extent to offset the increased demand through improved exercise economy which in turn leads to an increased time to exhaustion and an improvement in performance.
Frequency of CFTR, SPINK1, and Cathepsin B Gene Mutation in North Indian Population: Connections between Genetics and Clinical Data
Authors: Singh Shweta , Choudhuri Gourdas , Agarwal Sarita
Published: January 2014

Objectives. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms have been correlated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). This study aims to investigate the association of genetic variants of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK-1) genes and Cathepsin B gene polymorphisms with CP and to associate genetic backgrounds with clinical phenotypes.Methods. 150 CP patients and 150 normal controls were enrolled consecutively. We analyzed SPINK-1 N34S and IVS3+2T>C gene mutations by PCR-restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The identification of DF508, G551D, G542X, R117H, and W1282X mutations was carried out by ARMS-PCR. S549N mutation, IVS8 polyTn polymorphism, and Cathepsin B Lec26Val were analysed by PCR-RFLP, nested PCR, and PCR-RFLP plus sequencing, respectively.Results. We found a significant association of SPINK1 (N34S) gene polymorphism. IVS1−37T>C polymorphism shows linkage with 101A>G. 300 chromosomes belonging to the CFTR subgroup exhibited minor allele frequency of 0.04, 0.03, 0.03, 0.013, 0.006, and 0.02 for DF508, G452X, G551D, S549N, R117H, and IVS8 T5, respectively. Except for R117H and IVS8 T5 polymorphisms, all other mutations showed significant variation.Conclusion. Analysis of potential susceptibility variants is needed to support nature of the genes and environment in pancreatitis. This data may help establish genetic screening and prenatal setup for Indian population.
Adaptive Skills and Somatization in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Villarreal Nichole Wicker , Riccio Cynthia A. , Cohen Morris J. , Park Yong
Published: January 2014

Objective. Children with epilepsy are at risk for less than optimum long-term outcomes. The type and severity of their epilepsy may contribute to educational, psychological, and social outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between somatization and adaptive skills based on seizure type that could impact on those outcomes. Methods. This study examined adaptive functioning and somatization in 87 children with epilepsy using archival data from a tertiary care facility. Results. No significant differences in adaptive skills emerged between groups of children diagnosed with complex partial (CP) as compared to CP-secondary generalized (SG) seizures; however, deficits in adaptive behavior were found for both groups. The number of medications, possibly reflecting the severity of the epilepsy, was highly correlated to adaptive function. Conclusions. Identification of deficits in adaptive behavior may represent an opportunity for tailored prevention and intervention programming for children with epilepsy. Addressing functional deficits may lead to improved outcomes for these children.
Dual Strip-Excited Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Parasitic Strips for Radiation Pattern Reconfigurability
Authors: Saleem M. Kamran , Alkanhal Majeed A. S. , Sheta Abdel Fattah
Published: January 2014

A novel pattern reconfigurable antenna concept utilizing rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) placed over dielectric substrate backed by a ground plane is presented. A dual strip excitation scheme is utilized and both excitation strips are connected together by means of a 50 Ω microstrip feed network placed over the substrate. The four vertical metallic parasitic strips are placed at corner of DRA each having a corresponding ground pad to provide a short/open circuit between the parasitic strip and antenna ground plane, through which a shift of90°in antenna radiation pattern in elevation plane is achieved. A fractional bandwidth of approximately 40% at center frequency of 1.6 GHz is achieved. The DRA peak realized gain in whole frequency band of operation is found to be above 4 dB. The antenna configuration along with simulation and measured results are presented.
Effects of Delayed Metamorphosis on Larval Survival, Metamorphosis, and Juvenile Performance of Four Closely Related Species of Tropical Sea Urchins (GenusEchinometra)
Authors: Rahman M. Aminur , Yusoff Fatimah Md. , Arshad A. , Uehara Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2014

We report here, the effects of extended competency on larval survival, metamorphosis, and postlarval juvenile growth of four closely related species of tropical sea urchins,Echinometrasp. A (Ea),E. mathaei(Em),Echinometrasp. C (Ec), andE. oblonga(Eo). Planktotrophic larvae of all four species fed on cultured phytoplankton (Chaetoceros gracilis) attained metamorphic competence within 22–24 days after fertilization. Competent larvae were forced to delay metamorphosis for up to 5 months by preventing them from settling in culture bottles with continuous stirring on a set of 10 rpm rotating rollers and larval survival per monthly intervals was recorded. Larval survival was highest at 24 days, when competence was attained (0 delayed period), and there were no significant differences among the four species. Larvae that had experienced a prolonged delay had reduced survival rate, metamorphosis success, and juvenile survival, but among older larvae, Em had the highest success followed by Ea, Eo, and Ec. Juveniles from larvae of all four species that metamorphosed soon after becoming competent tended to have higher growth rates (test diameter and length of spines) than juveniles from larvae that metamorphosed after a prolonged period of competence with progressively slower growth the longer the prolonged period. Despite the adverse effects of delaying metamorphosis on growth parameters, competent larvae of all four species were able to survive up to 5 months and after metamorphosis grew into 1-month-old juveniles in lab condition. Overall, delayed larvae of Em showed significantly higher larval survival, metamorphosis, and juvenile survival than Ea and Eo, while Ec showed the lowest values in these performances. Em has the most widespread distribution of these species ranging from Africa to Hawaii, while Ec probably has the most restricted distribution. Consequently, differences in distribution may be related to differences in the ability to delay metamorphosis.
A Simple and Safe Procedure to Repair Rectal Prolapse Perineally Using Stapling Devices
Authors: Hata Fumitake , Nishimori Hidefumi , Ikeda Shinichiro , Yajima Tomomi , Nishio Akihiko , Ishiyama Yuji
Published: January 2014

Rectal prolapses are not life-threatening, however the bleeding and fecal incontinence associated with them significantly erode quality of life and can cause concern among patients' caregivers in nursing homes. Many procedures have been reported that repair rectal prolapses, and the procedure used depends on the severity of the prolapse; however, the treatments are yet to be established. Here we report a simple and safe procedure to repair rectal prolapse perineally using stapling devices. We performed this procedure on 5 patients within a short time. All patients were followed up for over 24 months and none had any recurrences of their rectal prolapses. No complications occurred during the operations and postoperative periods. Most patients who have prolapses are elderly and fragile, so the treatment must be easy, safe, and rapid. While rectal prolapse is not life-threatening, the goal of treatment is to alleviate its symptoms. The procedure we describe is consistent with this concept. We suggest that this procedure, which uses surgical stapling devices, might be a better option for the treatment of complete rectal prolapse. We will continue to surgically correct complete rectal prolapses and investigate the long-term outcomes of the procedure.
Increased Severity of Inflammation Correlates with Elevated Expression of TRPV1 Nerve Fibers and Nerve Growth Factor on Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Liu Bo-long , Yang Fei , Zhan Hai-lun , Feng Zhi-ying , Zhang Zhi-gang , Li Wen-biao , Zhou Xiang-fu
Published: January 2014

Objectives: Although evidence supports a role for inflammation in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), the mechanism remains unknown. We determined whether inflammation causes an elevated expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1) and correlated them with the symptoms. Methods: Bladder biopsies were obtained from 53 IC/BPS patients and 27 controls, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining and Western blotting were performed to detect inflammation, TRPV1-immunoreactive and PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers, and NGF, respectively. Symptoms were assessed using the Pelvic Pain/Urgency/Frequency (PUF) questionnaire and pain visual analogue scale scores. Suburothelial nerve fiber density was quantified and correlated with PUF scores. Results: Increased severity of inflammation was correlated with a higher TRPV1-immunoreactive nerve fiber density (r = 0.4113, p = 0.0024) and higher NGF levels (r = 0.3775, p = 0.0052). Suburothelial TRPV1-immunoreactive nerve fiber density was significantly correlated with pain scores and urgency scores (r = 0.3320, p = 0.0145 and r = 0.3823, p = 0.0039, respectively). PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers were significantly increased in IC/BPS (p = 0.0193) and had a positive relationship with inflammation severity (r = 0.6138, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our study revealed increased severity of inflammation correlated with a higher expression of TRPV1-immunoreactive nerve fibers and NGF in IC/BPS and correlated with clinical symptoms.
UGT1A1*28 Polymorphism in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: The First Investigation of the Polymorphism in Disease Susceptibility and Its Specific Cytogenetic Abnormalities
Authors: Karakosta Maria , Kalotychou Vassiliki , Kostakis Alkiviadis , Pantelias Gabriel , Rombos Ioannis , Kouraklis Gregory , Manola Kalliopi N.
Published: January 2014

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been recently attributed to a combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1*28 is an inborn polymorphism that results in significant downregulation of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 1-1 (UGT1A1) activity, one of the most critical metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification of toxic substances, some of which contribute to CLL pathogenesis. Here, for the first time, we investigated the putative impact of UGT1A1*28 on CLL incidence and on the formation of the most common chromosomal abnormalities of CLL. UGT1A1*28 was investigated in 109 CLL patients and 108 healthy controls, and was associated with karyotypic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results. A significant high frequency of the mutant genotype was observed in patients carrying abnormal FISH patterns, especially del(11q) and +12, which are CLL-specific abnormalities. We also observed a significant association between UGT1A1*28 and the intermediate to unfavorable cytogenetic CLL risk groups. No difference, though, was observed in genotypes between patients and controls. Therefore, we could suggest that UGT-deficient individuals may be at a greater risk for developing CLL-specific abnormalities. Our study might serve as a starting point to consider UGT1A1*28 polymorphism as one of the possible predisposing factors of CLL pathogenesis.
From High- to Low-Frequency Administered Interferon-Beta for Multiple Sclerosis: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Prosperini Luca , Mancinelli Chiara Rosa , Pozzilli Carlo , Grasso Maria Grazia , Clemenzi Alessandro , Collorone Sara , Pontecorvo Simona , Francia Ada , Villani Veronica , Koudriavtseva Tatiana , Buttari Fabio , Centonze Diego , Di Battista Giancarlo , Frisullo Giovanni , Galgani Simonetta , Gasperini Claudio
Published: January 2014

Objectives: To investigate whether clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who required a reduction of administration frequency of interferon-beta (IFNB) were similar to those of patients who did not. Methods: We identified three subgroups of patients under treatment for 24 months with subcutaneous (sc) high-frequency IFNB-1a or -1b: those continuing to receive IFNB according to the drug label (recommended frequency group), those reducing the administration frequency of sc IFNB-1a or -1b (reduced frequency group), and those switched to once weekly intramuscular (im) IFNB (switched group). All patients were followed for further 24 months. The occurrence of relapse, MRI activity and disability worsening were considered as outcome measures. Results: We identified 308 patients, 201 in the recommended frequency group, 70 in the reduced frequency group, and 37 in the switched group. Patients in the reduced frequency group had increased risk for relapses (HR = 1.95, p < 0.001) and MRI activity (HR = 1.41, p < 0.001), while patients in the switched group had increased risk for relapses (HR = 1.67, p = 0.012), but not for MRI activity (HR = 1.26, p = 0.08) than those in the recommended frequency group. Predictors for disease activity re-start after the reduction of IFNB administration frequency were younger age, higher pre-IFNB relapse rate, and reducing sc IFNB frequency to twice weekly rather than switching to im IFNB-1a once weekly. Conclusion: Our findings discourage the reduction of sc IFNB administration frequency, especially in younger patients with a higher pre-IFNB relapse rate. However, switching to im IFNB-1a may be considered in some selected cases.
Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Peptide Activity on Vascular Extracellular Matrix Remodeling
Authors: Fang Hong , Chen Wei , Gao Yang , Shen Yi , Luo Ming
Published: January 2014

Objective: This paper aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide activity involved in vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Therefore, changes in collagen fibers, elastic fibers and laminin were assessed in the left common carotid artery (LCCA). Methods: We selected 10-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats to study the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor, angiotensin (Ang) II and nuclear factor (NF)-p65 in the wall of carotid arteries. Results: Compared to the control group, laminin expression was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the vascular endothelium of the LAP (a homemade ACE-inhibitory peptide, named by ourselves) group, whereas the percentage of elastic/collagen fibers in the LCCA vascular area was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in the LAP group. Immune blots of MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-p65 and AngII were significantly reduced in the LCCA wall in the LAP group. Conclusion: Vascular ECM remodeling may be related to the inhibitory action of LAP on ECM deposition.
A Comparison of Vaginal Surgery and Operative Hysteroscopy for the Treatment of Cesarean-Induced Isthmocele: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Xie Hongzhe , Wu Yanxin , Yu Fan , He Mian , Cao Minghui , Yao Shuzhong
Published: January 2014

Background/Aims: Cesarean-induced isthmocele can cause heavy or prolonged menses, dyspareunia, and dysmenorrhea. We compared the efficacy of vaginal surgery and operative hysteroscopy for the treatment of cesarean-induced isthmocele. Methods: Seventy-seven women with cesarean-induced isthmocele underwent either vaginal surgery or operative hysteroscopy between August 2008 and December 2011. We evaluated operating time, blood loss, complications, and postoperative pregnancy. Operative efficacy was defined as an improvement in menstrual periods and a change in residual isthmocele nidus size on transvaginal ultrasonography. Results: The operative efficacy of vaginal surgery was superior to that of hysteroscopy (93.5 vs. 64.5%; p < 0.001). However, patients who underwent vaginal surgery had a longer operative time (55 vs. 25 min; p < 0.001) and greater blood loss (50 vs. 10 ml; p < 0.001). Two patients in each group were able to achieve subsequent pregnancy. Patients who had menstrual periods longer than 7 days after surgery were more likely to have a residual nidus. Conclusions: The therapeutic efficacy of vaginal surgery is superior to operative hysteroscopy in the treatment of cesarean-induced isthmocele.
A Family with Mental Retardation, Epilepsy and Cerebellar Hypoplasia Showing Linkage to Chromosome 20p11.21-q11.23
Authors: Bayrakli Fatih , Canpolat Mehmet , Per Huseyin , Gumus Hakan , Kumandas Sefer , Kartal Ugur , Balaban Hatice
Published: January 2014

Background: Cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is a rare malformation caused by various etiologies, usually manifesting clinically as nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia with or without mental retardation. The molecular pathogenesis of the autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias has a wide range of mechanisms. Differential diagnosis and categorization of the recessive cerebellar ataxias, however, need more specific, biochemical and genetic investigation. Methods: This study applied whole-genome linkage analysis to study a family with nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia and additional mental retardation, epilepsy, and facial dysmorphic features. Genotyping and linkage analysis was done using the GeneChip Mapping 250K NspI Array (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, Calif., USA) for genome-wide linkage analysis of the genotyping data from the affected children and their parents. Results: Allegro software version 1.2 was used for multipoint linkage analysis. We assumed an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and assigned a penetrance of 0.999. Single-nucleotide polymorphism allele frequencies were estimated from the Affymetrix data of the Caucasian family studied. Using these parameters, a theoretical maximum logarithm of the odds score of 2.69 was identified at chromosome 20p11.21-q11.23. Conclusions: This chromosomal locus is unprecedented in autosomal recessive and nonprogressive ataxia disorder. Further investigation might reveal a new causative gene generating the CH phenotype.
In vitro and in vivo Repair Activities of Undifferentiated and Classically and Alternatively Activated Macrophages
Authors: Enderlin Vaz da Silva Zoé , Lehr Hans-Anton , Velin Dominique
Published: January 2014

Objective: Macrophages play a critical role in wound repair. However, the specific role of the different macrophage subtypes in wound repair remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to compare the wound repair activities of undifferentiated macrophages (M0), classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Methods: The macrophage repair activities of intestinal wounds were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Results: All three macrophage subtypes enhanced wound closure in vitro, with the M2 macrophages demonstrating greater repair activities than the M0 and M1 macrophages. Injection of M0 and M2 macrophages into mice with experimental dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis significantly enhanced ulcer repair when compared to control mice. In contrast, injection of M1 macrophages did not affect ulcer repair. Conclusions: These results underscore the wound repair capacity of different macrophage subsets. Notably, wound repair activity is not restricted to M2 macrophages, as the current literature suggests.
The Effect of Obesity on Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lee Cindy K. , Tefera Eshetu , Colice Gene
Published: January 2014

Background: The effect of obesity on outcomes in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in a medical intensive care unit (ICU) is uncertain. Objectives: This study was intended to further explore the relationship between outcomes and obesity in patients admitted to a medical ICU who required invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: All adult patients admitted to the medical ICU at Washington Hospital Center requiring intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 h between January 1 and December 31, 2009, were retrospectively studied. Patients were categorized as nonobese (BMI <30) and obese (BMI ≥30). The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality following intubation. Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS and duration of mechanical ventilation. Results: There were 504 eligible patients: 306 nonobese and 198 (39%) obese. Obese patients had significantly higher rates of diabetes (43 vs. 30%, p = 0.004), hyperlipidemia (32 vs. 24%, p = 0.04), asthma (16 vs. 8%, p = 0.004) and obstructive sleep apnea requiring continuous positive airway pressure treatment (12 vs. 1%, p < 0.001). Nonobese patients had a significantly higher rate of HIV infection (10 vs. 5%, p = 0.05) and malignancy (21 vs. 13%, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in mortality up to 30 days following intubation and secondary outcomes between obese and nonobese patients. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed no significant relationship between mortality rate at 30 days following intubation and obesity. Outcomes were similar for the black obese (n = 153) and nonobese (n = 228) patients and the obese (n = 85) and very obese (n = 113) patients. Conclusions: Obesity did not influence outcomes in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in a medical ICU. Black obese patients had similar outcomes to black nonobese patients, and very obese patients also had similar outcomes to obese patients.
Interleukin 28B Gene Polymorphisms and Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoproliferative Diseases
Authors: Akay Ela , Patel Mauli , Conibear Tim , Chaggar Turren , Haque Tanzina
Published: January 2014

Objectives: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the interleukin (IL) 28B gene encoding a type III interferon (IFN-λ) are the most important genetic predictors of treatment response to hepatitis C virus (HCV). This retrospective study was undertaken to determine any association between IL28B SNPs and the development of viraemia in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Methods: Genomic DNA extracted from plasma from 45 EBV seropositive controls and 46 acute IM, 23 non-PTLD (transplant) and 21 PTLD patients was tested by PCR for 2 SNPs within IL28B. EBV DNA levels were tested in IM and PTLD samples by a real-time quantitative PCR. Results: No significant differences were seen in SNP frequencies at rs12979860 and rs8099917 in IM and PTLD patients compared to EBV seropositive controls and transplant patients. EBV DNA levels were lower in IM and PTLD patients with CC (a favourable genotype in HCV) at rs12979860 compared to non-CC genotypes (p = 0.055). Acute IM patients with CC had significantly lower levels of EBV DNA in plasma compared to those with non-CC genotypes (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Genotype CC may influence anti-viral responses of IFN-λ, thereby allowing better control of EBV viraemia during lymphoproliferation, particularly in IM.