bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of response surface methodology for bioactive compounds extraction and the variability in phytochemical profile from roots of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.
Authors: El Jabboury Zineb , Aazza Smail , Benjelloun Meryem , El Ghadraoui Lahsen
Published: June 2024

Ammi visnaga L. Lam. is the most popular therapeutic plant in the Mediterranean region. Umbel is a traditional Moroccan remedy for diabetes, and oral care. The main goal of this study was to determine which extractor solvents had a particular affinity for the total phenolic content (TPC) found in the roots of Ammi visnaga. Using solvents chosen from the first step, the phenolic contents were maximized using the mixture design response surface methodology. The optimal solvent mixes of 10% methanol, 50% water, and 40% ethanol were used to prepare the root extracts. This study was designed to examine the phenolic profile of Moroccan Ammi visnaga L. roots using UHPLC/DAD–MS/MS Assessing the antioxidant capacities with the use of four complimentary tests (TAC, TPC, CUPRAC, and HCA). The obtained results showed the peak of antioxidant activity TAC (10.17±1.4 mg/g AAE) and TPC (15,99±0,4 mg GAE/g)).Various bioactive compounds (21 components) with different concentrations were identified, including isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (25.8%),and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (22.3%), which are the three most abundant individual phenolic compounds. The findings revealed the presence of numerous bioactive substances with important biological capabilities in the roots of A. visnaga L., emphasizing the need for further experimental model validation of the data.
Antioxidant Activities of Steviol Glycosides from Moroccan Cultivated Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ouriagli Taha , Amnay Abdellatif , Raoui Sidi M. , Errachidi Faouzi , Chahdi Fouad O. , Bennani Bahia , Rodi Youssef K. , Chabir Rachida
Published: June 2024

This study explores the antioxidant potential of three steviol glycosides isolated from Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni leaves acclimatized in Morocco. Pure compounds were isolated and characterized by column chromatography, and their antioxidant activities were assessed using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) tests. The process of soxhlet extraction followed by column purification revealed three steviol glycosides with the following yields: steviolbioside (0.26%), rebaudioside-A (0.63%), and stevioside which exhibited the highest abundance (1.47%). Antioxidant activity tests showed that the compounds exhibited remarkable antioxidant properties, particularly in TAC test of 69.54, 72.32, and 51.6 mg AAE/1gDM for stevioside, steviolbioside, and rebaudioside-A respectively.
Potential role of Kisspeptin in infertility
Authors: Konaté Oumar , Mbaye Modou Mamoune , El Khalfi Bouchra , Bnkhalifa Moncef , Louanjli Noureddine , Soukri Abdelaziz
Published: June 2024

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays a central role in fertility and neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It has also been shown to act at the peripheral level in both men and women. Many studies have shown a correlation between kisspeptin blood levels and fertility in men. It is also involved in the maturation of sperm and even in the implantation of a pregnancy in women. In men, dysregulation of kisspeptin signaling can lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Recent studies have shown that Kisspeptin could constitute a new therapeutic target in the treatment of fertility disorders. Others have shown that the administration of exogenous Kisspeptin stimulates the release of gonadotropins in patients with fertility problems and even in healthy subjects. In addition, it plays an essential role in improving the quality of sperm in medically assisted procreation and even in the maturation of oocytes. In this literature review, we aim to examine the main functions of kisspeptin in male and female infertility.
Distributed measurement of supercontinuum generation along a silica fiber taper using a confocal spectrometer
Authors: Haddad Yosri , Sylvestre Thibaut , Beugnot Jean-Charles , Margueron Samuel , Fanjoux Gil
Published: June 2024

A highly sensitive distributed measurement technique is employed to map supercontinuum generation along a tapered silica optical fiber. This technique, which utilizes a confocal Raman micro-spectrometer, relies on analyzing far-field frequency-resolved Rayleigh scattering along the waveguide with micrometer-scale spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. Non-destructive and non-invasive, the mapping system enables observation of every stage of supercontinuum generation along the fiber cone, including cascade Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, and dispersive wave generation. Consequently, it unveils unique nonlinear spatial dynamics that are beyond the reach of standard spectral analyzers.
Use of a mathematical model to predict solar still performance at different times of a year
Authors: Malik Nawaf Mehmood , Talha Muhammad , Aaron Mishaam
Published: June 2024

Solar stills are typically used to use solar energy to extract clean and fresh water from salt water sources. Considering that solar energy is the primary energy source utilized. This technology is incredibly cost-effective. The effectiveness of solar stills is affected by a multitude of factors which includes location, height, wind speed, inclination angle of the glass, and glass thickness. The solar still performance at different time period of the year will be examined. Results are taken into account for the location of Islamabad on March 22, June, September, and December after every hour of operation from 10 am to 4 pm. The heat transport within the solar still has also been determined, based on theoretical calculations of the total radiation falling on the still. Maximum solar distillate output after 6 hours of operation was found on 22nd June and minimum result was found on 22nd December.
Investigating Stacking Configuration and Fiber Hybridization Effects on Low-Velocity Impact Behavior in Twill Woven Carbon/Flax Composites
Authors: Masud Manzar , Mubashar Aamir
Published: June 2024

In this study, experimental research has been done to investigate and analyze the effects of fiber hybridization and stacking configurations on the impact performance of carbon/flax bio-hybrid composite laminates. A total of four composite laminates with pure carbon, sandwich, symmetric, and asymmetric stacking configurations were manufactured and investigated in terms of low-velocity impact test with varying energies between 30J and 75J. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed to analyze the damage and failure patterns in the composite layups and were compared with the pure carbon-based layup to identify the effects stacking configuration. The experimental findings showed the symmetric layup having a consistent distribution of flax fiber layers, showed the most enhanced performance as compared to the carbon-based layup Moreover, damage and failure modes differed among layups and increased with varying impact energies. Furthermore, to enable the thorough comparison of the configurations, Composite Performance Index (CPI) was developed, which suggests that bio-hybrid configurations when designed optimally with a suitable number of evenly distributed flax layers, can equal or exceed the performance of a pure carbon fiber configuration.
Searching Heuristically Optimal Path Using a New Technique of Bug0 Algorithm in Swarm Robotics
Authors: Sohail Hamza , Yazdani Muhammad Haris , Khan Rana Talal Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Bug Algorithms in robotics field play an important role in path planning. The main challenge in conventional bug algorithms is searching the cluttered environment. To solve this problem a method is introduced which uses the concept of swarm robotics that helps in finding path using coordination between robots in swarm. The challenge in this research article is to find a path which is heuristically optimal. A type of bug algorithm is introduced in which parent bug sends two of its child bugs. Each of them has capability of searching in different directions. After searching the path from both sides, parent bug follows the path which is heuristically optimal. Parent and child bugs are equipped with tactile sensors to follow the perimeter of an obstacle. Illustrative simulation results show two test cases in which different scenarios are presented. Results are compared with of bug0 algorithm that is visualized in configuration space as well as in workspace to find the heuristically optimal path.
Impact Testing of Different Materials on Wheels Used in Throwable Unmanned Ground Vehicles
Authors: Sohail Hamza , Hamza Amir , Rashid Nasir , Ali Muhammad Saad , Ghani Taha
Published: June 2024

Throwable Unmanned Ground Vehicles are light weight, small size, easily deployable and impact resistive vehicles mainly used in domestic as well as in military purposes where human life is compromised such as inspection of sewage pipes, and search and rescue operations etc. Main challenge while considering a Throwable UGV is its impact absorption capability which is seen through its material properties. Wheels of Throwable UGV absorb most of the impact without harming the internal structure. To solve this problem a honeycomb structured wheel is designed and simulated in ANSYS Workbench. Vulcanized rubber and Plastic composite PCTPE material wheels were impact tested using explicit dynamic analysis tool in ANSYS workbench. Total deformation, equivalent stress and strain results are tested in ANSYS under impact testing of wheel which is dropped from 10 meter height with velocity of 14m/s in a concrete surface. A plastic composite material PCTPE was 3D-printed and was used in Throwable Unmanned Ground Vehicle.
Optimizing Industrial Processes in Beverages and Aerospace Sector: A Case Study Analysis
Authors: Uzair Muhammad , Khurshid Syed Hamza , Iftikhar Muhammad Umer , Ahmed Hameez , Hameed Hamza , Ali Haider
Published: June 2024

This study examines industrial process optimization approaches using case studies, literature reviews, and original research. It explores techniques such as linear programming, simulation modelling, Lean, Six Sigma, and advanced machine learning algorithms. Case studies exemplify the application of these methods in beverages and aerospace sectors, the study employs specific strategies and data collection methods, providing insights into the applicability, strengths, and limitations of various methodologies. Results highlight both quantitative and qualitative outcomes, offering valuable insights for practitioners and decision-makers.
A Theoretical Model for Predicting Axial Compressive Strain of FRP-Confined Concrete
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Shaheer , Saleem Muhammad Musa , Haider Muhammad Abdullah , Ali Abdul Rafay , Ahmad Zaidi Syed Al Riyan , Raza Ali , Arshad Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The axial compressive strength and strain of structural elements made of reinforced concrete are enhanced by the external confinement provided by fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. There is still a need for more research into estimating axial compressive strain even though numerous studies have suggested analytical approaches to predict the axial compressive strength of concrete structural elements. This is a result of earlier strain models’ inadequate accuracy. Furthermore, rudimentary modelling techniques and small, noisy databases were used in the development of these models. To suggest a more realistic strain model and compare it with earlier models, a more rigorous methodology is therefore required. The goal of this study is to present a strain model for FRP-confined concrete members by analytical modeling based on a large database containing 570 sample points. When the models were assessed using statistical parameters, it was discovered that the estimations of the freshly proposed models were more accurate than those of the previous models. The estimations’ relative study provides significant support for the recommended analytical model’s applicability and accuracy in forecasting the axial-strain of CFRP-confined concrete compression members.
Le psychromètre : l’instrument qui a défié la physique du 19e siècle
Authors: Restagno Frédéric , Boulogne François
Published: June 2024

La mesure de l’humidité de l’air a été un défi tout au long des siècles, mais, de nos jours, les capteurs électroniques sont largement utilisés.

Cette prédominance actuelle tend à reléguer au second plan un instrument qui a captivé les scientifiques pendant près d’un siècle et demi : le psychromètre.
Atraumatic splenic rupture – unexpected consequences of a world
trip
Authors: Adams Jule K. , Pollmanns Maike R. , Haverkamp Miriam , Hohlstein Philipp , Clusmann Jan , Trautwein Christian , Abu Jhaisha Samira , Koch Alexander
Published: June 2024

Diagnostic routine and knowledge about the therapy regimes of infectious diseases
like malaria gain in importance due to globalization, global warming, and
increasing numbers of refugees. We report a case of a 66-year-old patient who
presented with severe abdominal pain, most prominent in the left upper abdomen.
He was recently hospitalized with severe falciparum malaria, diagnosed after
returning from a trip around the world. Upon readmission, laboratory results
showed post-artesunate delayed hemolysis. The ultrasound examination was highly
suspicious of splenic rupture, confirmed by the immediately performed CT scan.
In this case, the prompt diagnosis allowed the initiation of adequate
conservative therapy including intensive care monitoring and hemodynamic
stabilization.
Rekombinante Alkalische Phosphatase: eine negative Studie, die Hoffnung macht
Authors: Enghard Philipp
Published: June 2024

Das Enzym Alkalische Phosphatase (AP) kommt natürlicherweise im Körper vor und hat immunmodulierende und entzündungshemmende Wirkung. Es hat die Fähigkeit, Endotoxine zu „inaktivieren“ und extrazelluläres Adenosintriphosphat (ATP) in Adenosin umzuwandeln. Ilofotase alfa ist als rekombinante Form der AP verfügbar. In der Studie STOP-AKI aus dem Jahr 2018 wurde die Wirkung von rekombinanter AP an 301 Patient*innen mit septischer akuter Nierenschädigung (AKI) getestet. Die Studie registrierte eine nichtsignifikante Verbesserung der glomerulären Filtrationsrate (GFR; primärer Endpunkt), zudem wurde ein verbessertes Überleben beobachtet 1.
Definition eines Myokardinfarktes bei Hämodialysepatient*innen
Authors: Haag Stefanie
Published: June 2024

Kardiovaskuläre (CV) Erkrankungen sind die häufigste Todesursache bei HD-Patient*innen (HD: Hämodialyse). Derzeit gibt es keine standardisierte Definition eines Myokardinfarktes (MI) für die Erkrankten. Die Initiative „Standardised Outcome in Nephrology Group – Hemodialysis“ (SONG-HD) hat sich dem Thema im Rahmen einer multidisziplinären internationalen Arbeitsgruppe angenommen. Auf der Grundlage der aktuellen Evidenz empfiehlt die Arbeitsgruppe, die 4. universelle Definition des Myokardinfarktes mit Einschränkungen in Bezug auf Ischämietyp, Symptomen und EKG-Veränderungen zu verwenden.
A Trajectory of Long-Term Antipsychotic Medication Dosage in
Inpatients with Severe Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A
Retrospective Study
Authors: Tada Teruo , Suzuki Takefumi , Iwata Yusuke , Kubota Masaharu , Watanabe Koichiro , Sakurai Hitoshi
Published: June 2024

Introduction While antipsychotics are often prescribed for behavioral and
psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), typically on an off-label basis,
these medications have serious adverse effects. This study investigated the
long-term use of antipsychotics among inpatients with dementia displaying severe
BPSD, focusing on how prescriptions change over time.

Methods Medical charts at Kusakabe Memorial Hospital were retrospectively
reviewed from October 2012 to September 2021. The study included patients
diagnosed with dementia, admitted for BPSD, and were continuing antipsychotics
at 3 months of their admission. Antipsychotic dosages were categorized as high
(≥300 mg/d), medium (100–300 mg/d), and low (<100 mg/d) based on
chlorpromazine equivalents and tracked until 15 months during hospitalization.
Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dosage
reductions between months 3 and 6.

Results This study involved 188 patients, with an average age of 81.2
years, 67% of whom were diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia. At 3
months, 15.4% were taking high, 44.1% on medium, and 40.4% on low dosages of
antipsychotics. The highest average dosage was observed at 3 months, with a
subsequent decrease over time. By the 12th month, 20–30% of patients in all
dosage categories had stopped their antipsychotic medication. Significant
factors for dosage reduction included higher initial doses (OR 1.003, 95%Cl:
1.001–1.006, P=0.01) and male gender (OR 2.481, 95%Cl: 1.251–4.918,
P=0.009).

Discussion A trajectory of antipsychotic dosage in inpatients with severe
BPSD has rarely been reported. This research emphasizes the need for
personalized strategies in managing long-term pharmacotherapy for this
vulnerable group of patients.
Stellungnahme der Wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaft und des Berufsverbandes zur Notfallversorgung in der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas K. , Deitmer Thomas , Lippert Burkard M. , Datzmann Thomas , Drumm Stefan , Löhler Jan
Published: June 2024

Die Ereignisse bezüglich einer Reform der Notfallversorgung überschlagen sich, und ein klares Konzept ist noch nicht erkennbar, wenngleich überfällig. Kliniken und Praxen erleben im Fachgebiet der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde (HNO) einen deutlichen Zuwachs entsprechender Patienten, die Gründe sind mannigfaltig: von dem Bedürfnis Betroffener einer sofortigen Abklärung bestimmter Symptome bis hin zu veränderten Notdienststrukturen. Verschärft hat sich die Situation durch das jüngste Urteil zur Sozialversicherungspflicht der Poolärzte mit einer „Notbremse“ im ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienst bspw. der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung (KV) Baden-Württemberg. Zu allem Überfluss wurde die vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss erstellte Erstfassung der Richtlinie zur Ersteinschätzung des Versorgungsbedarfs in der Notfallversorgung (Ersteinschätzungsrichtlinie) durch das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit beanstandet und liegt aktuell auf Eis. Es ist allen Akteuren klar, dass in jedem Fall eine grundlegende Reform zur Filterung und Steuerung der Patientenströme notwendig wird. Die Vorschläge reichen von einer Aufklärung der Bürger zur Erlangung einer basalen Gesundheitskompetenz über die Wiedereinführung der Notfallgebühr bis hin zu den wahrscheinlichen Szenarien einer zentralen Notfallnummer, eines gemeinsamen Tresens (i.e. vertragsärztliche Notfallpraxis und entsprechende Klinik-Notfallambulanzen in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nähe) und einer Triage durch geschultes Personal mit Vergabeoptionen in die geeigneten Versorgungsbereiche. Die Regierungskommission für eine moderne und bedarfsgerechte Krankenhausversorgung hat mit Stellungnahmen zur Reform der Notfall- und Akutversorgung zu den Bereichen „Rettungsdienst und Finanzierung“ und „Integrierte Notfallzentren und Integrierte Leitstellen“ Empfehlungen abgegeben. Hierzu sollen a.e. im Verlauf des Jahres, nach Möglichkeit unter Beteiligung der Fachgesellschaften und Berufsverbände, belastbare Grundlagen geschaffen sein, auch verknüpft mit der Hoffnung, die dringend notwendige Entlastung von medizinischem Personal in Klinik und Praxis einzuleiten.

Das vorliegende Manuskript beschreibt die gesundheitspolitische Historie sowie aktuelle Probleme der Notfallversorgung, wobei Lösungsvorschläge mit Bezug auf die HNO-ärztlichen Besonderheiten in den Fokus genommen werden. Das vorliegende Positionspapier ist verbunden mit einem Appell an Selbstverwaltung und Politik, nunmehr zeitnah ein tragfähiges Konzept für die Notfallversorgung in Kraft zu setzen, da Finanzierung und Personalverfügbarkeit immer kritischer werden und der ungeregelten Welle an Notfallpatienten eine ordnende Hand gereicht werden muss.
Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Aryl-α-Glycosides by Reductive C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling Reaction
Authors: Kudo Noyuri , Chiba Suzuka , Usui Kazuteru , Hirai Go , Ono Shunsuke , Nagatoishi Masataka , Yoritate Makoto , Karasawa Satoru
Published: June 2024

C-Aryl glycosides have attracted considerable interest as biologically active natural products and as O-aryl glycoside mimetics in drug discovery. Here, we describe a straightforward synthesis of C-aryl glycosides by photoredox/Ni dual-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between glycosyl bromides and aryl bromides. This methodology enables a highly α-stereoselective synthesis of C-aryl glucosides, galactosides, and mannosides.
A Homolytic Substitution Approach for Directing Group-Free Nickel-Catalyzed Dialkylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Koh Ming Joo , Cong Fei , Ng Jun Wei
Published: June 2024

The selective construction of two C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds through trimolecular cross-coupling of unactivated alkenes remains one of the most difficult challenges in organic synthesis. Despite previous advances in metal-catalyzed coupling for the dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes, dialkylation is still problematic due to the instability of the requisite metal–alkyl intermediate, which undergoes facile β-hydride elimination or protodemetalation. Recently, our group was successful in developing a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) strategy that circumvents metal–alkyl side reactions and accomplishes the challenging cross-coupling of metal–alkyl intermediates with alkyl radicals in the absence of a directing auxiliary, permitting a highly regioselective dialkylation of unactivated alkenes.

1 Introduction

2 Nickel-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes

3 Nickel-Catalyzed Dialkylation of Unactivated Alkenes

4 Conclusions and Perspectives
The impact of real-time ultrasound guidance on ventricular catheter placement in cerebrospinal fluid shunts – a single-center study
Authors: Sarikaya-Seiwert Sevgi , Schievelkamp Arndt-Hendrik , Born Mark , Wispel Christian , Haberl Hannes , Shabo Ehab
Published: June 2024

Purpose Misplacement of ventricular catheters during shunt surgery occurs in 40% of cases using a freehand technique and therefore represents a risk for early shunt failure. The goal of this retrospective, single-center study is to analyze the impact of real-time ultrasound guidance on ventricular catheter positioning and early outcome of shunt survival.

Materials and Methods We analyzed the charts and images of all patients who underwent shunt surgery from 09/2017 to 12/2022 and compared the position of the ventricular catheter using the freehand technique and real-time ultrasound guidance. Central catheter position was graded as grade I (optimal), II (contact with ventricle structures or contralateral), and III (misplacement).

Results A ventricular catheter was placed in 244 patients using real-time US guidance and in 506 patients using a freehand technique. The mean age (53.4 and 53.6 years, respectively) and the preoperative frontal occipital horn ratio (FOHR; 0.47 versus 0.44) were almost equal in both groups. In the study group, grade I catheter position was achieved in 64% of cases, grade II in 34%, and grade III in 2%. The control group showed grade I position in 45%, grade II in 32%, and grade III in 23% of cases (p<0.05). An early central catheter failure rate was the highest in grade III (40.5%) compared to 4% in grade I.

Conclusion Our data demonstrate that real-time US guidance leads to a significant improvement in ventricular catheter placement. Consequently, early shunt revisions decrease significantly. Further prospective, randomized, and controlled studies comparing the standard method to real-time ultrasound catheter placement are required.
Femoral Stem Placement for Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Three-Dimensional Custom Surgical Guides in Dogs: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Carvajal Jose , Timko Sarah , Kim Stanley E. , Lewis Daniel D. , Lee Hae Beom
Published: June 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of femoral stem placement for total hip arthroplasty (THA) using three-dimensional (3D)-printed custom surgical guides (CSGs).

Study Design Computed tomography (CT) scans of 7 cadaveric adult medium-sized (23.2–30.0 kg) dog femurs were acquired. A virtual plan was made using 3D models, and CSGs were designed to aid in optimal femoral stem positioning. Two surgeons with limited experience in THA performed stem implantation with CSGs for each limb. Following stem implantation, CT scans were repeated, and final stem alignment was measured and then compared with the preoperative virtual plan.

Results The median difference between planned and postoperative stem alignment with CSGs was –6.2 degrees (interquartile [IQR] –15.2 to 2.1 degrees) for stem version, 2.3 degrees (IQR –0.6 to 3.9 degrees) for varus/valgus angulation, and 1.8 degrees (IQR –0.1 to 2.9 degrees) for cranial/caudal stem angulation. The median difference in stem depth was 1.5 mm (IQR –1.2 to 3.1). Mean surgical procedure time for CSG surgeries was 44.1 ± 20.5 minutes for femoral stem implantation.

Conclusion The use of CSGs resulted in successful femoral stem placement by two novice THA surgeons. Novice THA surgeons may benefit from CSGs in the learning stages of THA, but further investigation is recommended prior to clinical implementation.
Paternalistic AI: the case of aged care
Authors: Voinea Cristina , Wangmo Tenzin , Vică Constantin
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we argue that AI systems for aged care can be paternalistic towards older adults. We start by showing how implicit age biases get embedded in AI technologies, either through designers’ ideologies and beliefs or in the data processed by AI systems. Thereafter, we argue that ageism oftentimes leads to paternalism towards older adults. We introduce the concept of technological paternalism and illustrate how it works in practice, by looking at AI for aged care. We end by analyzing the justifications for paternalism in the care of older adults to show that the imposition of paternalistic AI technologies to promote the overall good of older adults is not justified.
The impact of religiosity and financial literacy on financial management behavior and well-being among Indonesian Muslims
Authors: Wijaya Haykal Rafif , Hati Sri Rahayu Hijrah , Ekaputra Irwan Adi , Kassim Salina
Published: June 2024

This study examines the effects of religiosity and Islamic financial literacy on Muslims’ financial behavior and well-being. Additionally, it investigates the impact of sociodemographic variables on the centrality of religiosity, financial literacy, financial management behavior, and the well-being of Muslim consumers. This research integrates perspectives from Rational Choice Theory, the Rational Choice Theory of Religion, and Behavioral Finance to illuminate the mechanisms behind these relationships. Data were collected through a non-probability sampling method from 1141 Muslim individuals aged between 18 and 65 living in Indonesia. The results indicate that the centrality of religion in the lives of Muslim consumers and Islamic financial literacy significantly affects their financial management behavior and financial well-being. However, the empirical evidence suggests a more substantial effect of Islamic financial literacy than religiosity on both dependent variables.
Perfect transmission through lossy layers via ideal acoustic sources
Authors: Geib Nathan P. , Wallen Samuel P. , Haberman Michael R. , Naify Christina J.
Published: June 2024

Complementary acoustic metamaterials (CAMMs) have been proposed as a means of enhancing the transmission of acoustic imaging signals through aberrating layers. Aberrating layers with high impedance contrast compared to the surrounding material disrupt the acoustic field and hence distort acoustic images. However, conventional CAMMs are passive and thus unable to compensate for signal distortions associated with loss. This work presents an approach inspired by CAMMs that is not bound by the limits of passivity to compensate for both acoustic scattering and energy attenuation by augmenting a plane wave incident on a lossy material with monopolar and dipolar source fields to allow for perfect transmission, thus rendering the lossy medium acoustically transparent. We present a general approach to derive expressions for source magnitudes that are dimensionless with respect to frequency, system geometry, and the background medium. We validate these results with three-dimensional finite element simulations, where the appropriate monopolar and dipolar source fields are generated by prescribing velocities on finite-dimensional boundaries. We show the limitations of this approach with regard to frequency, system geometry, and lossy material characteristics via a parametric study.
Light bullet generation via stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Huang Der-Han , Guo Cheng , Fan Shanhui
Published: June 2024

We propose an all-optical approach to generating space–time wave packets in a multimode slab waveguide via the multilevel interband stimulated Brillouin scattering process. Two pump sources and a single-mode signal are fed into the waveguide. The pumps generate a single-mode acoustic wave through the electrostrictive process. The acoustic wave then induces an indirect interband photonic transition from the signal wave, resulting in a light bullet, that is, a space–time wave packet that does not change its spatial and temporal shape as it propagates through the waveguide.
A comparative study of polyethylene oxide (PEO) using different coarse-graining methods
Authors: Singh Sanjeet Kumar , Pantano Diego , Prebe Arnaud , Soldera Armand
Published: June 2024

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) holds significant importance in the field of batteries due to its high processability, intrinsic properties, and potential for high ionic conductivity. Achieving simulation at different scales is crucial for gaining a comprehensive understanding of its properties and thus improving them. In this context, we conducted a comparative study on the molecular physical structure, thermodynamic, and dynamic properties of PEO using three distinct coarse-grained (CG) procedures and all-atom (AA) simulations. The three CG simulation procedures involved modeling with MARTINI forcefield, SPICA forcefield, and an IBI derived potential from AA simulations. The AA simulation has been performed using the class 2 pcff+ forcefield. The ensuing simulated densities align significantly with the literature data, indicating the reliability of our approach. The solubility parameter from the AA simulation closely corresponds to literature reported values. MARTINI and SPICA yield almost similar solubility parameters, consistent with the similar density predicted by both the forcefields. Notably, SPICA forcefield closely reproduces the intermolecular structure of atomistic systems, as evidenced by radial distribution function (RDF). It also comprehensively replicates the distribution of radius of gyration (Rg) and the end-to-end distance (Re) of the atomistic samples. IBI ranks second to SPICA in emulating the structural properties of the atomistic systems, such as Rg, Re, and RDF. However, IBI falls short in accurately representing the solubility parameter of the amorphous PEO samples, while MARTINI does not provide an accurate representation of the structural properties of the systems. The use of SPICA forcefield results in enhanced dynamics of the systems in comparison with IBI and MARTINI.
Single atom intercalation in 2D triazine-based (g-C6N6) and boroxine-based (B6O6) porous covalent organic framework bilayers and heterostructures
Authors: Alihosseini M. , Neek-Amal M.
Published: June 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new class of organic porous materials with tunable pore size and low weight density, demonstrating remarkable potential applications in gas storage, gas separation, and catalysis. The inherent periodic porosity of COF monolayers (MLs) establishes anchoring sites for single atoms. Using first-principles calculations, we study the structural and electronic properties of atom-embedded C6N6 and B6O6 MLs. Subsequently, the intercalation of atoms between C6N6 and B6O6 bilayers (BLs) and their heterostructure (HTS) are investigated. Our findings show the significant effects of embedded atoms on the structural parameters of the host material. Notably, the Li atom anchors within the pore region of C6N6 ML without forming bonds, while it establishes two σ bonds with O atoms in B6O6 ML. The Cs atom forms six bonds in both MLs and resides between layers in BLs. In the HTS, the Cs atom forms six bonds with N atoms of the C6N6 layer, positioning in the middle of the layers. Calculations reveal that Li and Cs atoms induce a red shift in energy, leading to a semiconductor–metal transition. Conversely, the insertion of an F atom induces a blue shift in energy, creating a midgap state at the Fermi energy.
Electromagnetic estimation of mechanical stress in steel elements by using magnetic induction
Authors: García M. A. , Vinolas J. , Garcia Alonso M. S. , Hernando A.
Published: June 2024

We present here experimental verification of a theoretical model previously developed to estimate internal mechanical stress in steel-based elements by means of non-contact electromagnetic induction measurements. Results confirm the validity of the proposed model and demonstrate that stress below 50% of the elastic limit can be detected with standard electronics.
Bath-induced interactions and transient dynamics in open quantum systems at strong coupling: Effective Hamiltonian approach
Authors: Brenes Marlon , Min Brett , Anto-Sztrikacs Nicholas , Bar-Gill Nir , Segal Dvira
Published: June 2024

Understanding the dynamics of dissipative quantum systems, particularly beyond the weak coupling approximation, is central to various quantum applications. While numerically exact methods provide accurate solutions, they often lack the analytical insight provided by theoretical approaches. In this study, we employ the recently developed method dubbed the effective Hamiltonian theory to understand the dynamics of system–bath configurations without resorting to a perturbative description of the system–bath coupling energy. Through a combination of mapping steps and truncation, the effective Hamiltonian theory offers both analytical insights into signatures of strong couplings in open quantum systems and a straightforward path for numerical simulations. To validate the accuracy of the method, we apply it to two canonical models: a single spin immersed in a bosonic bath and two noninteracting spins in a common bath. In both cases, we study the transient regime and the steady state limit at nonzero temperature and spanning system–bath interactions from the weak to the strong regime. By comparing the results of the effective Hamiltonian theory with numerically exact simulations, we show that although the former overlooks non-Markovian features in the transient equilibration dynamics, it correctly captures non-perturbative bath-generated couplings between otherwise non-interacting spins, as observed in their synchronization dynamics and correlations. Altogether, the effective Hamiltonian theory offers a powerful approach for understanding strong coupling dynamics and thermodynamics, capturing the signatures of such interactions in both relaxation dynamics and in the steady state limit.
Photocurrent interference spectroscopy of solids and characterization of semiconductor solar-cell materials
Authors: Ogawa Yoshihiro , Tahara Hirokazu , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko
Published: June 2024

Photocurrent measurements are widely used to study the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of semiconductors, such as photocarrier generation efficiency and carrier mobility, as well as evaluate the performance of optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and photodetectors. Interferometric spectroscopy precisely measures optical properties and gathers optical spectra information on semiconductors. Consequently, photocurrent-based interferometric measurements, with high signal-to-noise ratios, high resolution, and broad frequency bandwidths, can probe the energy distributions of low-density defects and impurities and investigate charge transport in materials and devices. Here, we demonstrate that photocurrent interference spectroscopy reveals the intrinsic properties of solar-cell materials: bulk crystals of GaAs and halide perovskite, and thin films of halide perovskite and quantum dot. We show that homodyne interference spectroscopy of photocurrent can monitor low-density localized states in semiconductors and that it can be used in combination with other spectroscopy techniques, such as photoluminescence measurements, to provide a deep understanding of photocurrent generation processes. Furthermore, we show that heterodyne interference spectroscopy of photocurrent can be used to investigate the frequency dependence of material parameters, such as the dielectric constant, absorption coefficient, and reflectance. As an application, we used interference spectroscopy of photocurrent to show the impact of multiexcitons on the photoabsorption and photocarrier generation processes in quantum dot solar cells. Finally, we used it to reveal the distinctive spectral characteristics at the band edge of a halide perovskite, which is considered to be an exceptional solar-cell material with high energy conversion efficiency.
Interfacial rheology of cyclopentane hydrate formation: Insights into mechanical behavior and inhibitor efficiency
Authors: Bandeira Marina R. , Sandoval Gustavo A. B. , Naccache Mônica F. , de Souza Mendes Paulo R. , Teixeira Adriana , Valim Leandro
Published: June 2024

Hydrates are crystalline solids with an ice-like texture, which are formed when light hydrocarbon molecules and water combine to form a specific ordered structure. Hydrate formation begins at the water–hydrocarbon interface, which highlights the critical role that interfacial rheology plays in this process. Despite the significance of this interface in hydrate formation, a gap in research persists, particularly in employing shear rheology approaches. This study helps to fill this void by investigating the mechanical and flow properties of the interface, using a feature in a rotational rheometer, a “double wall ring cell,” for precise temperature control. Cyclopentane serves as the hydrate former, allowing experimentation under atmospheric pressure and varied temperatures. Protocols explore temperature and hydrocarbon concentrations, with emphasis on ice crystal involvement in hydrate formation initiation. Following complete saturation of the hydrocarbon/water interface by hydrates, interfacial elastic and viscous moduli are obtained through strain sweeps to assess hydrate film fragility and mechanical response. Additionally, the impact of aging time and shear type (static or dynamic) on hydrate stiffness is examined. Tests with thermodynamic inhibitors, such as sodium chloride and monoethylene glycol, demonstrate significant induction time extension. Furthermore, systematic changes in the shear rate are investigated to comprehensively understand their influence on hydrate film characteristics and properties under varying shear history conditions. This study reveals that increasing shear rate correlates with decreased viscosity of the hydrate film, indicative of non-Newtonian behavior. Overall, this research sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of the water–hydrocarbon interface in hydrate formation and mitigation.
Effect of solvent depletion on electrokinetic energy conversion in viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Saha Kalyan , Murthy P. V. S. N. , Chakraborty Suman
Published: June 2024

We analyze the electrokinetic energy conversion from the pressure-driven flow of viscoelastic fluids akin to dilute polymer solutions. In contrast to the previously reported results, we account for the reduced differential capacitance over the interfacial layer and the solvent-mediated non-electrostatic interactions, cumulatively represented in an extended continuum framework. We attribute a physical basis of our consideration from the perspective of the formation of a polymer-depleted layer at the channel interface, where the explicit role of the solvent appears to dictate the electromechanics–hydrodynamics coupling over the interfacial scales. By adapting a “box-model” depicting the alterations in the solvent permittivity across the interfacial layer and accommodating a non-electrostatic interaction coefficient concomitantly, the interfacial electrokinetics are coupled with the bulk flow of the polymer-rich medium using the simplified Phan-Thien–Tanner (sPTT) constitutive model. A closed-form theory is obtained that includes only two fitting parameters, namely, the span of the interfacial layer and the strength of the non-electrostatic interactions. These parameters are estimated from comprehensive molecular simulation data. The results of the investigation are analytically tractable and enable rationalizing the “electrokinetic” implications of the polymer-depleted interfacial layer and the possibility that the electrokinetic parameters can be extracted from measurements obtained from experiments. This paves the way toward optimizing the induced streaming potential for the conversion of hydraulic energy to electrical power in polymeric solutions.
Inverse design of crystals and quasicrystals in a non-additive binary mixture of hard disks
Authors: Bedolla-Montiel Edwin A. , Lange Jochem T. , Pérez de Alba Ortíz Alberto , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: June 2024

The development of new materials typically involves a process of trial and error, guided by insights from past experimental and theoretical findings. The inverse design approach for soft-matter systems has the potential to optimize specific physical parameters, such as particle interactions, particle shape, or composition and packing fraction. This optimization aims to facilitate the spontaneous formation of specific target structures through self-assembly. In this study, we expand upon a recently introduced inverse design protocol for monodisperse systems to identify the required conditions and interactions for assembling crystal and quasicrystal phases within a binary mixture of two distinct species. This method utilizes an evolution algorithm to identify the optimal state point and interaction parameters, enabling the self-assembly of the desired structure. In addition, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) that classifies different phases based on their diffraction patterns, serving as a fitness function for the desired structure. Using our protocol, we successfully inverse design two-dimensional crystalline structures, including a hexagonal lattice and a dodecagonal quasicrystal, within a non-additive binary mixture of hard disks. Finally, we introduce a symmetry-based order parameter that leverages the encoded symmetry within the diffraction pattern. This order parameter circumvents the need for training a CNN and is used as a fitness function to inverse design an octagonal quasicrystal.
Characterization of stabilized water-beam fiber for water jet guided laser
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , He Zhouwei , Chen Haikuan , Duan Ji'an , Hu Youwang
Published: June 2024

In water jet guided laser processing technology, the stability of the water jet directly affects the processing quality. In order to investigate the flow characteristics of water jets, a numerical model of the flow field inside the water beam fiber is established, and the influence of different jet speeds and nozzle diameters on the formation of a stable water jet beam length with a flat cylindrical nozzle structure is analyzed. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show that a 120 μm diameter cylindrical nozzle structure with a length of 1 mm and no chamfered inlet has a maximum stabilized water jet length of 60 mm at a jet velocity of 70 m/s. The smaller the nozzle diameter, the more prone to water jet turbulence, and increasing the nozzle diameter can increase the stable length of the water jet to a certain extent. Finally, by conducting the water jet stable length experiment with different jet velocities, the maximum stable length of 65 mm is obtained and the accuracy of the simulation is verified, which provided a strong theoretical basis for the subsequent processing experiments.
Unsteady hydrodynamics of a surface piercing and fully submerged body when entering a lock
Authors: Liu Yihan , Zhao Guangwei , Terziev Momchil , Dai Saishuai , Feng Aichun , Yuan Zhi-Ming
Published: June 2024

Ship hydrodynamics in a constant waterway have been well studied. With a coordinate system fixed on the moving ship, the boundary value problem (BVP) is usually treated as a steady one. However, the hydrodynamics of a ship moving in confined waterways with abrupt changes in width or depth are complex due to their unsteady nature. The studies on such unsteady problems are insufficient. In the engineering practice, the hydrodynamic unsteadiness can be fully reflected by a scenario when a ship enters a lock. Prior studies have predominantly focused on predicting the ships' hydrodynamic forces without considering the unsteady terms on the free-surface boundary conditions. Obviously, such steady or quasi-steady methods overlooked the crucial unsteady phenomena on free water surface. To address this gap, the present study introduces a novel three-level difference scheme to discretize the free surface condition, preserving unsteady terms while maintaining temporal continuity of cells on the free surface. With the implementation of such fully unsteady BVP, we observed some interesting unsteady free surface motions, which were not well documented in the existing literature. To verify our new observations, as well as to validate the numerical method proposed in this study, two physical model tests were designed and conducted in a towing tank: a submerged ellipsoid enters a deep lock at relatively high speeds, and a box enters a shallow and narrow lock at very low speeds. The discussion is highlighted on the unsteady waves in front of the moving bodies, as well as the unsteady resistance induced by such waves.
Energy loss analysis of a double-suction centrifugal pump using in pump mode and turbine mode
Authors: Lei Lei , Wang Tao , Qiu Bo , Liu Yunqi , Yu He , Huang Tengfei
Published: June 2024

As an economical energy recovery device, pump as turbine (PAT) is widely used in micro-hydropower stations and the chemical industry. The inlet and outlet pipelines connected to the double-suction pump are on the same horizontal line. As the pipeline layout is very convenient, in some chemical industries, the way of residual pressure energy utilization is increasing using the double-suction pump as a turbine. Based on numerical simulation, experimental verification, and entropy generation theory, the energy loss rule of each flow component in the pump mode and turbine mode under different flow rates is compared and analyzed. The results show that when the double-suction pump is used as a turbine, the flow rate at the best efficiency point (BEP) in the turbine mode shifts to a large flow rate by 30.89% and the BEP efficiency decreases by 1.30%. In the pump mode and turbine mode, the main energy loss component is the impeller, and the turbulent entropy generation power and the wall entropy generation power are the main sources of energy loss. The energy loss in the suction chamber and impeller increases sharply, and the energy loss is primarily enhanced in the blade trailing edge and the tongue near due to the unsteady flow in the turbine mode. Due to the complex structure, the spiral suction chamber is not suitable for the flow direction of the fluid flow out of the impeller, and the flow state inside the impeller is negatively affected by the suction chamber in the turbine mode. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the design and application of double-suction centrifugal PAT.