bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Psychiatric Relevance of
Dynamic Functional Connectivity States in Children
Authors: Fu Zening , Sui Jing , Iraji Armin , Liu Jingyu , Calhoun Vince
Published: August 2022

Children’s brains dynamically adapt to the stimuli from the internal state and the external environment, allowing for changes in the cognitive and mental behavior of individuals. In this work, we performed a large-scale analysis of dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) in children aged 9~11 years, investigating how brain dynamics relate to cognitive performance and mental health during an early age. An adaptive independent component analysis framework was applied to the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data containing 10,988 children. We combined a sliding-window approach with k-means clustering to identify five reoccurring brain states with distinct DFC patterns. Interestingly, the occurrence of a strongly connected state was negatively correlated with cognitive performance and positively correlated with dimensional psychopathology in children. Meanwhile, the opposite relationships were observed for a sparsely connected state. The composite scores, the attention score, and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder score were the most significantly correlated with the DFC states. The cognitive and psychiatric relevance of DFC states were highly reproducible across scans and between longitudinal sessions. Finally, the mediation analysis showed that the attention problems mediate the effect of DFC states on cognitive performance. This investigation unveils the neurological underpinnings of DFC by highlighting their robust associations with behavioral development in childhood. Tracking the patterns of maturation in DFC states may capture delays in development and guide people to provide early intervention to buffer adverse influences in children’s development.
Future Warming from Global Food Consumption
Authors: Ivanovich Catherine , Sun Tianyi , Gordon Doria , Ocko Ilissa
Published: August 2022

Food consumption is a major source of greenhouse gases emissions, and evaluating its future warming impact is crucial for guiding climate mitigation action. However, the lack of granularity in reporting greenhouse gas emissions from food items and widespread use of oversimplified metrics such as CO2-equivalence has made this difficult. We resolve these challenges by developing a global food consumption greenhouse gas emissions inventory of individual gas species and employing a reduced-complexity climate model, evaluating the future warming contribution from global food consumption and potential benefits from certain mitigation measures. We find that global food consumption alone could add nearly 1°C to warming by 2100. Sixty percent of this warming is driven by methane emissions mainly from the consumption of animal products. However, over 55% of anticipated warming can be avoided from simultaneous improvements to production practices, the universal adoption of a “healthy” diet, and widespread food waste reductions.
Plasmodium malariae structure and genetic diversity in sub-Saharan Africa determined from microsatellite variants and linked SNPs in orthologues of antimalarial resistance genes
Authors: Oriero Eniyou C. , Demba Martha A. , Diop Fadel A. , Ishengoma Deus S. , Amenga-Etego Lucas N. , Ghansah Anita , Apinjoh Tobias , Issiaka Soulama , Djimde Abdoulaye , D’Alessandro Umberto , Meremikwu Martin , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred
Published: August 2022

Plasmodium malariae, a neglected human malaria parasite, contributes up to 10% of malaria infections in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Though P. malariae infection is considered clinically benign, it presents mostly as coinfections with the dominant P. falciparum. Completion of its reference genome has paved the way to further understand its biology and interactions with the human host, including responses to antimalarial interventions. We characterized 75 P. malariae isolates from seven endemic countries in sSA using highly divergent microsatellites. The P. malariae infections were highly diverse and five subpopulations from three ancestries (independent of origin of isolates) were determined. Sequences of 11 orthologous antimalarial resistance genes, identified 20 low frequency single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but strong linkage disequilibrium between these SNPs was observed, possibly due to antimalarial drug selection. This evidence of diversity and selection calls for including P. malariae in malaria genomic surveillance towards improved tools and strategies for malaria elimination.
Evidence-based Guidance on Reflective Pavement for Urban Heat Mitigation: A Case Study in Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Schneider Florian , Ortiz Johny Cordova , Vanos Jennifer , Sailor David , Middel Ariane
Published: August 2022

Urban overheating is an increasing threat to people, infrastructure, and the environment. Common mitigation strategies, such as green infrastructure, face space limitations in current car-centric cities. In 2020, the City of Phoenix, Arizona, piloted a “cool pavement” program using a solar reflective pavement (RP) seal on 58 km of residential streets. Comprehensive micrometeorological observations were used to evaluate the cooling potential of the RP based on three heat exposure metrics––surface, air, and mean radiant temperatures––across three residential RP-treated and untreated neighborhoods. In addition, the solar reflectivity of RP was observed over seven months across eight residential neighborhoods. Results are synthesized with the literature to provide context-based RP implementation guidelines to mitigate urban overheating where common strategies cannot be applied. The three most important contextual factors to consider for effective RP implementation include urban location, background climate type, and heat metric of interest.
Changes in Oxygen Delivery during experimental models of Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Jani Vinay P. , Williams Alexander T. , Carvalho Leonardo , Cabrales Pedro
Published: August 2022

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe manifestation of malaria that commonly occurs in children and is hallmarked by neurologic symptoms and significant Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. It is currently hypothesized that cerebral hypoperfusion from impaired microvascular oxygen transport secondary to parasitic occlusion of the microvasculature is responsible for cerebral ischemia and thus disease severity. Animal models to study CM, are known as experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), and include the C57BL/6J infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA), which is ECM-susceptible, and BALB/c infected with PbA, which is ECM-resistant. Here we sought to investigate whether changes in oxygen (O2) delivery, O2 flux, and O2 utilization are altered in both these models of ECM using phosphorescence quenching microscopy (PQM) and direct measurement of microvascular hemodynamics using the cranial window preparation. Animal groups used for investigation consisted of ECM-susceptible C57BL/6 (Infected, n = 14) and ECM-resistant BALB/c (Infected, n = 9) mice. Uninfected C57BL/6 (n = 6) and BALB/c (n = 6) mice were included as uninfected controls. Control animals were manipulated in the exact same way as the infected mice (except for the infection itself). C57BL/6 ECM animals at day 6 of infection were divided into two cohorts: Early-stage ECM, presenting mild to moderate drops in body temperature (> 34 < 36°C) and Late-stage ECM, showing marked drops in body temperature (< 33°C). Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model. We constructed three general linear mixed models, one for total O2 content, another for total O2 delivery, and the third for total O2 content as a function of convective flow. We found that in both the ECM-susceptible C57BL/6J model and ECM-resistant BALB/c model of CM, convective and diffusive O2 flux along with pial hemodynamics are impaired. We further show that concomitant changes in p50 (oxygen partial pressure for 50% hemoglobin saturation), only 5 mmHg in the case of late-stage CM C57BL/6J mice, and O2 diffusion result in insufficient O2 transport by the pial microcirculation, and that both these changes are required for late-stage disease. In summary, we found impaired O2 transport and O2 affinity in late-stage ECM, but only the former in either early-stage ECM and ECM-resistant strains.
What factors influence the cost in treating maxillofacial fractures among pediatric patients?
Authors: Stanbouly Dani , Deek Andrew J. , Asi Abdalla M. , Minhas Ahmad , Graillon Nicolas , Panchal Neeraj , Chuang Sung-Kiang
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The objective of the following study was to determine what factors, if any, are associated with increased hospitalization charges amongst pediatric patients who sustain maxillofacial fractures.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). The primary predictor variables were a set of heterogenous variables that included patient characteristics, injury characteristics, and hospitalization outcomes. The primary outcome variable was total charges (US dollars). Linear regression was used to determine independent risk factors for increased/decreased hospital charges.
Results
The final sample consisted of 50,434 pediatric patients who suffered at least one facial fracture. The mean age of the study sample was 9.72 years (SD, 6.84 years). Relative to Black patients, Hispanic patients added $12,812 (P < 0.05) in hospital charges. Relative to fall, motorcycle accident (P < 0.05), car accident (P < 0.05), and firearm assault (P < 0.05) were each independently associated with increased hospital charges. Mandible fractures (P < 0.05) added $12,208 in hospital whereas malar & maxillary fractures (P < 0.05) added $8,564 in hospital charges. Most notably, panfacial fractures (P < 0.05) added $32,364 in hospital charges. Other fractures of the body were each independently associated with increased hospital charges. Several internal organ injuries were each independently associated with increased hospital charges
Conclusion
There is an opportunity for cost reduction in the management of pediatric maxillofacial trauma. This includes promptness in definitive repair and easy access to interpreters for non-English speaking patients. Cost-efficient approaches to patient care should be recognized and utilized to the patient and family benefit whenever possible.
A Novel Method to Calculate Compliance and Airway Resistance in Ventilated Patients
Authors: Gutierrez Guillermo
Published: August 2022

Background. The respiratory system’s static compliance (Crs) and airway resistance (Rrs) are measured during a no-flow, end-inspiratory hold on volume-controlled ventilation (static method). A numerical method is presented to calculate Crs and Rrs in the presence of airflow and other ventilatory modes (dynamic method).Methods. The dynamic method combines a numerical solution of the equation of motion with frequency analysis of airway signals. The method was validated experimentally with a one-liter test lung and clinically using airway signals sampled at 32.25 hertz and stored as 131.1 seconds-long epochs in a database. 15 patients in the database had epochs on VC ventilation with breaths displaying end-inspiratory holds. Paired Crs and Rrs were calculated for all breaths within those epochs by both methods and their mean values compared in aggregate form and individually with Pearson’s R2 and Bland-Altman analysis.Results. Experimental method differences were 0.3[0.2,0.4] cmH2O·mL-1 for Crs and 0[-0.2,0.2] cmH2O·s· L-1 for Rrs. Clinical testing included 78,371 breaths found in 3,171 epochs meeting criteria. For aggregate data, Pearson’s R2 were 0.99 and 0.94 for Crs and Rrs, respectively. Bias ± 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were 0.2 ± 1.6 cmH2O·mL-1 for Crs and - 0.2 ± 1.5 cmH2O·s· L-1 for Rrs. Bias ± LOA median values for individual patients were 0.6[-0.2, 1.4] ± 0.9[0.8, 1.2] cmH2O·mL-1 for Crs and -0.1[-0.3, 0.2] ± 0.8[0.5, 1.2] cmH2O·s· L-1 for Rrs. Conclusions. Experimental and clinical testing produced equivalent values for Crs and Rrs by the dynamic and static methods under the conditions tested.
Spindles and Slow Waves Predict Parkinson’s Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Amara Amy , Memon Adeel , Catiul Corina , Irwin Zachary , Pilkington Jennifer , Memon Raima , Joop Allen , Wood Kimberly , Cutter Gary , Miocinovic Svjetlana
Published: August 2022

Markers predictive of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) have potential to serve as outcomes in trials investigating disease-modifying therapies. This prospective, longitudinal study examined relationships between NREM quantitative sleep electroencephalography (qEEG) and cognition in 56 participants with PD. Sleep qEEG outcomes included slow wave (SW) density, spindle density, and SW-spindle coupling, evaluated cross-sectionally and as longitudinal predictors of PD-MCI in a subset of 26 participants. At baseline, SW density, spindle density, and SW-spindle coupling were correlated with cognition. Baseline SW and spindle density predicted longitudinal development of PD-MCI. The model with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for predicting longitudinal development of PD-MCI included spindle density, SW density, comprehensive cognitive score, and levodopa equivalent dose. These findings suggest that sleep qEEG features can identify individuals at risk for PD-MCI. Thus, spindles and SW have potential to serve as markers to optimize clinical trial populations and tailor clinical care.
Genetic characteristics of hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous dolomitic micrite mounds in the Dalong Formation of the northern Longmenshan Fault 1
Authors: Liu Ping , Xu Wenli , Zhou Gang , Zhu Hua , Yan Xue , Zheng Rongcai
Published: August 2022

The origins of deep-water micrite mounds remain controversial. The present study investigates siliceous dolomitic micrite mounds produced as interlayers in a large set of siliceous rocks in the Upper Permian Dalong Formation on the west side of the northern member of the Longmenshan Fault, China. Their geological occurrence, rock structure, material composition, sedimentary facies, trace elements, stable isotopes (carbon, oxygen, strontium) and rare earth elements are comprehensively analysed. It is proposed that micrite mounds are the composite sedimentary product of submarine hydrothermal exhalation-sedimentation and biological activity. The discovery and significance of the Dalong Formation siliceous dolomitic micrite mounds (DSDMMs) can be summarized as follows: 1) This is a new type of micrite mound, thereby increasing knowledge of the origins of such mounds. 2) The origin of these mounds is dominated by submarine hydrothermal exhalation-sedimentation, supplemented by biological activity. 3) Primary dolomite is deposited by hot water from a submarine (or lake bottom) exhalation-sedimentation system. 4) In submarine hydrothermal systems, the prosperity of hydrothermal biological communities and the high-speed burial of their organic carbon are important issues worthy of further study.
Characterization of the Dynamic Stretching Stages of Polymeric Fibers using Dispersion Measurements
Authors: Raslan M. I.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we intend to characterize the dynamics of the molecular chains at different stages of stretching polymeric monofilament fibers. The stages characterized in this work are; undrawn, shear-bands, necking, drawn, crazes, cracks and fracture regions. We used the lookup table technique to calculate the dispersion curves of the stretched polymeric fibers at different deformed stages from one interferogram. This technique is suitable for dynamic stretching experiment of fibers. Digital photoelasticity and white-light two-beam interferometry are utilized to study each phenomenon by finding the dispersion curves and the 3D birefringence profiles using a single-shot pattern, which is performed for the first time, as far as we know. This study gives us clear vision on the behavior of the polymeric fibers at a molecular level during dynamic stretching until reaching its fracture point. Patterns of each deformation stage are given for illustration.
Homogeneity and heterogeneity in Near-Infrared FTIR spectra of Ryugu returned samples
Authors: Hatakeda Kentaro , Yada Toru , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Nakato Aiko , Yogata Kasumi , Miyazaki Akiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Hitomi Yuya , Soejima Hiromichi , Yoshitake Miwa , Iwamae Ayako , Furuya Shizuho , Usui Tomohiro , Kitazato Kohei
Published: August 2022

Surface and subsurface materials of C-type near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu were collected and successfully returned to the Earth in the Hayabusa2 mission. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been conducted to characterize these returned samples as one of the initial description in a non-destructive manner under a purified nitrogen condition without terrestrial contamination. We selected the individual grains and aggregate samples that were not severely influenced by the reflection of incident beam at the sapphire dish and analyzed their reflectance spectra using the primary component analysis (PCA). The result indicates that Ryugu returned samples are highly homogeneous with only a little heterogeneity. The average spectrum of the main PCA group is represented by four absorption bands at 2.7, 3.05, 3.4, and 3.95 µm. The spectral feature is consistent with that obtained from bulk FTIR measurements as reported in Yada et al. (2022), indicating potential presence of hydroxyl, organics and carbonates. Rarely observed types of grains with unique spectra are categorized into three groups: significantly high reflectance, carbonates, and hydroxyl compounds.
Mapping Hsp104 structure and substrate interactions using crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: Westphal Kinga , Joachimiak Lukasz A.
Published: August 2022

Molecular machines from the AAA+ family play important roles in protein folding, disaggregation and DNA processing. Recent cryo-EM structures of AAA+ molecular machines have uncovered nuanced changes in conformation that underlie their specialized functions. Furthermore, complexes between these machines and substrates begin to explain their mechanism of activity. Here we explore how crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) can be used to interpret changes in conformation induced by ATP and how substrates are associated. We applied a panel of crosslinking reagents to produce high-resolution crosslinking maps and interpret our data on previously determined X-ray and cryo-EM structures of Hsp104 from a thermophilic yeast, Calcarisporiella thermophila. We developed an analysis pipeline to differentiate between intra-subunit and inter-subunit contacts within the hexameric homo-oligomer. We identify crosslinks that break the asymmetry that are only present when ATP is bound and are absent in an ATP-binding deficient mutant. Finally, we identify contacts between Hsp104 and a model substrate to identify contacts on the central channel of Hsp104 across the length of the substrate indicating that we have trapped interactions consistent with translocation of the substrate. Our simple and robust XL-MS-based experiments and methods help interpret how these molecular machines change conformation and bind to substrates even in the context of homo-oligomeric assemblies.
In-Silico Study of Asymmetric Remodeling of Tumors in Response to External Biochemical Stimuli
Authors: Amereh Meitham , Akbari Mohsen , Nadler Ben
Published: August 2022

Among different hallmarks of cancer, understanding biomechanics of tumor growth and remodeling benefits the most from the theoretical framework of continuum mechanics. Tumor remodeling initiates when cancer cells seek new homeostasis in response to the microenvironmental stimuli. Cells within a growing tumor are capable to remodel their inter- and intraconnections and become more mobile to achieve a new homeostasis. This mobility enables the tumor to undergo large deformation. In this work, we studied the remodeling in the context of continuum mechanics. We developed an evolution law for the remodeling-associated deformation which correlates the remodeling to a characteristic tensor of external stimuli. The asymmetric remodeling and the induced mechanical stresses were analyzed for different types of biochemical distributions. To experimentally investigate the model, we studied the remodeling of human glioblastoma (hGB) tumoroids in response to the gradient of nutrients. Using a tumoroid-on-a-chip platform, the degree of remodeling was estimated for the ellipsoidal tumoroids over time. It was observed that higher gradient of nutrients induces higher degree of ellipticity suggesting that the gradient of nutrient is a characteristic property of nutrient distribution that derives the remodeling. We also showed that remodeling gives rise to heterogeneity in cell distribution forming circumstantially aligned cells within the tumors.
Perceptions on the content and delivery of a work-focused intervention for women living with and beyond breast cancer: a qualitative-descriptive design
Authors: Algeo Naomi , Bennett Kathleen , Connolly Deirdre
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Increased survivorship has prompted a focus on re-integration into employment. Research therefore recommends the development and evaluation of interventions to support women with breast cancer in returning to work. Despite this, there remain few rehabilitation interventions to support this cohort in maintaining or returning to their work role. The aim of this study was to explore preferences for the content and delivery of a work-focused intervention for women living with and beyond breast cancer.Methods: Women living with and beyond breast cancer, healthcare professionals, and employers were invited to participate in a qualitative-descriptive study, using once-off semi-structured interviews, exploring preferences for content and delivery of a work-focused intervention. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-nine participants were recruited. Women living with and beyond breast cancer had varied opinions on whether the intervention should be group- or individual-based. This contrasts with healthcare professionals who preferred group-based interventions for pragmatic reasons. While there were mixed views on session length, most participants identified four-to-six weeks intervention duration. Participants discussed challenges in return-to-work including the impact of ongoing side-effects, employer-employee communication, and reduced awareness of employment entitlements and rights.Conclusion: A range of barriers and enablers in return-to-work post-breast cancer were highlighted and could inform the content of a work-focused intervention. Variations in viewpoints on intervention delivery underlines a no one-size-fits all approach in return-to-work support. Further research on the development of a work-focused intervention is warranted.
High-resolution Biostratigraphy, Depositional History and Palaeoenvironment Based on Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannoplankton, Northwest Niger Delta
Authors: Joshua Avong S. , Obiosio Enam O. , Ibrahim Hamidu , Nwaejije Emmanuel C. , Israel Timothy , Amobi Francis J. , Power Ubit E. , Olowu Love
Published: August 2022

An integrated Micropalaeontological analysis approach was employed based on ditch cuttings samples northwest of the Niger Delta. Lithofacies description showed the entire sediment successions consisted of alternating shale and sand lithology. A moderate to the rich recovery of about seventy-one foraminifera and forty calcareous nannofossil species were recovered, having the presence of Miocene foraminifera (Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides bulloideus, Globorotalia obesa, Globorotalia mayeriandGloborotalia continuosa) and nannofossil (Sphenolithus moriformis, Catinaster coalithus, Discoaster berggreniiandDiscoaster kugleri). Three foraminifera planktonic zones were proposed for this study and were correlated to other worldwide zones;Globerigenoides bulloideus,Globeriginoides obliquus obliquusandGloberigenoides primordiusspanning the Neogene (N) 6 to N17 zone. Two calcareous nannoplankton zones were proposed, which are;Helicosphaera intermediaandSphenolithus moriformisspanning the Neogene Nannofossil (NN) 3 to NN11 zone. Three third-order sea-level rises and falls occurred during the Early to Late Miocene within the Niger Delta, with a corresponding paleo-waterdepth from transitional to outer neritic. TheChiloguembelina-3 Shale (16.0 Ma),DodoShale (11.6 Ma) and theUvigerina-8 Shale (9.2 Ma), were associated with transgression. The 15.5 Ma SB of Depositional Sequence 1(Early Miocene), 10.5 Ma SB of Depositional Sequence 2(Middle Miocene) and 8.5 Ma SB of Depositional Sequence 3(Late Miocene) due to progradation. The paleosalintiy based on shell type morphology assemblages suggests a transition from the brackish marginal marine environment to open neritic conditions. The study interval is said to have penetrated sediments of the parallic Early to Late Miocene Agbada formation.
Effect of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise on sleep quality among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chang Li , Wang Yan , Zhang Jie , Zhao Wenqian , Li Xiaomei , Yang Lei
Published: August 2022

urposeWe aimed to study the effect of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise on the sleep quality of patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shaanxi Province Tumor Hospital, from July 2017 to June 2019. 110 female breast cancer patients who underwent a radical mastectomy were recruited and randomly allocated into an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group completed music therapy combined with aerobic exercise from the first to the sixth admission to the hospital for chemotherapy, while the control group received only routine nursing care. The sleep quality of these patients was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A linear mixed model was used to adjust the PSQI of patients after controlling for other confounding factors.ResultsThe mean sleep quality score of the breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy (baseline) was 8.86 ± 2.34. The intervention group had a significantly lower mean global PSQI score than the control group from the first test to the third test, with an adjusted mean difference of -1.05 (95%CI: -1.86, -0.24; P = 0.01), -2.89 (95%CI: -3.70, -2.08; P < 0.001) and − 4.84 (95%CI: -5.65, -4.03; P < 0.001), respectively. A change in the global PSQI score from baseline for the intervention group was from 0.55 (95%CI: -0.24, 1.34; P = 0.171) at the first test to 2.75 (95%CI: 1.96, 3.53; P < 0.001) at the last test, and for the control group was from − 0.51 (95%CI: -1.31, 0.29; P = 0.213 at the first test to -2.10 (95%CI: -2.91, -1.30; P < 0.001) at the last test.ConclusionsAn intervention of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise can significantly improve the sleep quality of female breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy, and this intervention continuously improves many aspects of sleep reactivity.Clinical Trial Registration This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100042975).
Cobalt catalysts derived from layered double hydroxide/g-C3N4 composite in the hydrogenation of γ-valerolactone to 1,4-pentanediol
Authors: Lin Yu-Chuan , Hsieh Chou-Hsun
Published: August 2022

Co-based catalysts derived from the reduction of CoAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH)/g-C3N4 composite were investigated and used in the hydrogenation of γ-valerolactone to 1,4-pentanediol. The physicochemical properties of Co-based catalysts were analyzed and were compared with those derived from pristine CoAl-LDH and from CoAl-LDH/melamine and CoAl-LDH/activated carbon composites. Among the catalysts, the Co catalyst derived from CoAl-LDH/g-C3N4 had stronger and higher concentrations of Brønsted acid (H+), Lewis acid (Coδ+, δ>2), and Lewis base (N with a lone pair of electrons). The strong Lewis acidity and basicity were related to the enhanced turnover frequency. N-decoration was also found to improve the recyclability of Co-based catalysts.
Association Between Duration of Intrapartum Oxytocin Exposure and Obstetric Hemorrhage
Authors: Alexander Megan Victoria , Wang Michelle J. , Srivast Akanksha , Tummala Swetha , Abbas Diana , Young Sara , Claus Lindsey , Yarrington Christina , Comfort Ashley
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Prolonged duration of intrapartum oxytocin exposure is included as a risk factor within widely adopted obstetric hemorrhage risk stratification tools. However, the duration of exposure that confers increased risk is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the association between duration of intrapartum oxytocin exposure and obstetric blood loss, as measured by quantitative blood loss, and hemorrhage-related maternal morbidity. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all deliveries from 2018 to 2019 at a single medical center. We included patients who had received any intrapartum oxytocin, and we categorized them into 1 of 5 groups: >0-2, ≥2-4, ≥4-6, ≥6-12, and ≥12 hours of intrapartum oxytocin exposure. The primary outcomes were mean quantitative blood loss, proportion with obstetric hemorrhage (defined as quantitative blood loss ≥ 1000 mL), and proportion with obstetric hemorrhage-related morbidity, a composite of hemorrhage-related morbidity outcomes. Secondary outcomes were hemorrhage-related pharmacologic and procedural interventions. A stratified analysis was also conducted to examine primary and secondary outcomes by delivery mode. Results: Of 5,332 deliveries between January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 at our institution, 2232 (41.9%) utilized oxytocin for induction or augmentation. 326 (14.6%) had exposure of >0-2hr, 295 (13.2%) ≥2-4hr, 298 (13.4%) ≥4-6hr, 562 (25.2%) ≥6-12hr, and 751 (33.6%) ≥12hr. Across all deliveries, there was higher mean quantitative blood loss (p<0.01) as well as increased odds of obstetric hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.91) for those with ≥12hr of oxytocin compared to all groups between >0-12hr of exposure. In our stratified analysis, ≥12hr of oxytocin exposure was associated with higher mean quantitative blood loss (p=0.04) and odds of obstetric hemorrhage in vaginal deliveries (aOR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.03-2.11), though not in cesarean deliveries (aOR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.82-1.62). There were no differences in proportion with obstetric hemorrhage-related morbidity across all deliveries (p=0.40) or in the stratified analysis. Conclusion: Intrapartum oxytocin exposure of ≥12 hours was associated with increased quantitative blood loss and odds of obstetric hemorrhage in vaginal, but not cesarean, deliveries.
Mesopore Structure and Composition of Different Kapok Fibers
Authors: Yang Zhuli , Li Fengmiao , Guan Fuwang , Wang Fumei , Wang Cheng , Qiu Yiping
Published: August 2022

To make full use of domestic kapok fiber, the microstructure and composition of Quanzhou kapok were invetigated and compared with the popular Indonesia ceiba. FIB-SEM images showed the similar fine tube structures of both kapok fibers with the wall thickness and hollow ratios of 806.1 nm, 85.56% and 863.3 nm, 82.40% repectively. Mesopores with the average width of 48.247 and 38.758 Å were proved to be slit pores produced by the packing of porous lamellae. Quanzhou kapok was more superior in wall thickness, hollow ratio, specific surface area and pore size which would be better at oil adsorption. Both kapok fibers were primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Quanzhou kapok had better thermostability and higher degradation speed than that of Indonesia ceiba. Inside the fiber, cellulose skeletons were in the arrangement of helical ribbon, while amorphous lignin and hemicellulose made up the fibrillar interval and cemented the fibers together. The interstice between the different compositions should be the mesopores. In this paper, the experimental results were discussed and analyzed in detail aiming at microstructure and composition distribution of kapok fiber were further investigated and modelled, which could provide reference values for the applications and product development process of domestic kapok fiber.
Smurf1 controls calcineurin complex and TFEB at a regulatory node for lysosomal biogenesis
Authors: Dong Lei
Published: August 2022

Autophagy is a homeostatic process in response to multiple signaling, such as lysosome-dependent physiological self-degradation process of cellular components. Lysosomal stress or starvation-induced mTOR inactivation and calcineurin activation were shown to promote the nuclear translocation of transcriptional factor EB (TFEB). However, the mechanisms via which signals from endomembrane damage are transmitted to activate calcineurin and orchestrate autophagic responses remain unknown. This study aimed to show that autophagy regulator Smurf1 controlled TFEB nuclear import for transcriptional activation of the lysosomal system. We showed that blocking Smurf1 affected the global transcriptional response to lysosomal damage by downregulating subsets of TFEB targets and lysosomal biogenesis. The findings revealed galectins recognized lysosomal damage and led to galectin-3 (Gal3) association with Smurf1 and the calcineurin apparatus on lysosomes. Smurf1 directly interacted with both Gal3 and calcineurin to form and stabilize the complex, thereby activating lysosomal biogenesis independent of mTOR. Smurf1 controlled the phosphorylation activity of the calcineurin A (CNA) subunit by promoting the dissociation of its autoinhibitory domain (AID) from its catalytic domain (CD) and ubiquitylated modification. In addition, the Gal3-Smurf1-calcineurin complex and TFEB feedback stabilized each other, and Smurf1 was required for calcineurin activity as a positive regulator of TFEB. The overexpression of Smurf1 showed similar effects as the overexpression of constitutive activation of PPP3CB. Surprisingly, Smurf1 also enhanced TFEB import by directly interacting with and ubiquitylating TFEB. Thus, Smurf1, which bridges environmental stresses with the core autophagosomal and autolysosomal machinery, interacted directly with TFEB and its phosphatase PPP3CB to control TFEB activation.
Growth, survival, nutritional value and phytochemical, and antioxidant state of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp fed with premix extract of brown Sargassum ilicifolium, Nizimuddinia zanardini, Cystoseira indica and Padina australis macroalgae
Authors: Akbary Paria , Ajdari Ashkan , Ajang Bijan
Published: August 2022

The effect of including the premix extract of the brown Sargassum ilicifolium, Nizimuddinia zanardini, Cystoseira indica and Padina australis (MPE) macroalgae in the diet on the growth performance, survival, nutritional (chemical, amino acid and fatty acid compound) and phytochemical (sterol, phenol and flavonoid),and antioxidant state (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)) of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was investigated in this study, where in 1200 post larvae with an average weight of 57.530.47 mg were distributed randomly by categorizing 100 pieces into 4 groups (three tank iterations per group). The control group was only fed with the concentrated feed (MPE0), while the other groups were fed with a basic diet that consisted of MPE5 (MPE5), 10 (MPE10) and 15 (MPE15) g kg− 1 of feed for 8 weeks. According to the results, the highest FW, SGR, WG and PER were recorded for the MPE15 group. The lowest FCR was observed in the group fed with MPE15 (P < 0.05). The highest level of crude protein was recorded for the groups fed with MPE10 and MPE15 (P < 0.05). The highest amount of PUFA, total sterols, phenol, flavonoid, GPX and CAT was observed in shrimps fed with MPE15. The results are generally indicative of the positive effect of the premix aqueous extract of the brown S. ilicifolium, N. zanardini, C. indica and P.australis macroalgae at the 15 g kg− 1 of MPE feed level on the growth, nutritional value and phytochemical, and antioxidant status of L. vannamei.
Ventilatory load reduction by combined mild hypothermia and ultra-protective mechanical ventilation strategy in very severe COVID-19-related ARDS: a feasibility study.
Authors: Cruces Pablo , Moreno Diego , Reveco Sonia , Ramírez Yenny , Díaz Franco
Published: August 2022

Background: Low tidal volume (Vt) strategy is currently the standard of care for ARDS. However, this approach may result in harmful airway pressures in severe ARDS. We report the feasibility of a combined approach of very low-VT and mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) to decrease the ventilatory load in a very severe COVID-19-related ARDS cohort.Methods: Seven patients were reported. Inclusion criteria were patients ≥ 18years-old, very severe COVID-19-related ARDS, driving pressure (DP) > 15 cmH2O despite low-VT strategy, and extracorporeal therapies were not available. Patients with uncontrolled superinfection, active bleeding, severe brain injury, or end-of-life care were excluded. MTH was induced with a surface cooling device aiming at 34ºC. MTH was maintained for 72h, followed by rewarming of 1ºC per day. VT was adjusted as tolerated, aiming at 4 ml/kg PBW. Data are shown in mean±SEM. Mixed effects analysis and Dunnett's test were used for comparisons. Significance was set at p<0.05Results: Target temperature was achieved during the first hour. Ventilatory load decreased during the first 24h, minute ventilation 180±4.7 to 154±7.5 ml/kg/min (p=0.007) and mechanical power 36±1.9 to 29±2.1 J/min (p= 0.03). At 48h VT decreased from 5.4±0.2 to 4.2±0.3 ml/kg. Surviving patients did not worsen after rewarming. Five patients survived ICU and were discharged home.Conclusions: A combined strategy of MTH and ultra-protective mechanical ventilation decreased minute ventilation and mechanical power in very severe COVID-19-related ARDS. The decreasing of ventilatory load may allow maintaining MV within safety thresholds.
Psychopathological risk stability and change in a sample of mothers and preschool children before, during and after the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cimino S. , Tambelli R. , Genova F. , Agostini F. , Trombini E. , Cerniglia Luca
Published: August 2022

Numerous studies have found that the COVID-19 epidemic and the measures to stop it have had a substantial impact on the mental health of the general population. Nevertheless, the majority of this research only looked at the variations in the degree of psychopathological symptoms in individuals before and after the first wave of the pandemic. In a sample of N = 380 preschoolers and their mothers assessed through the Symptom Check-List/90-R and of the Child Behavior Check-List, the present study aimed at exploring psychopathological risk in mothers and their offspring’s dysregulation levels before (T1), during (T2) and after (T3) the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Our main results showed that mothers’ relational distress increased from T1 to T2 and then increased again from T2 to T3. Moreover, maternal aggressiveness, hostility, and anxiety scores significantly decreased from T1 to T2 but slightly increased from T2 to T3. In children, dysregulation levels increased from T1 to T2 but decreased from T2 to T3. Children of mothers with clinical scores at the SCL-90/R showed significantly higher dysregulation problems at T1, T2 and T3 than children of mothers with scores below the clinical threshold. This study adds to previous literature in that it evaluates stability or change in maternal and offspring scores not only in the pre-pandemic period and during the first wave of the pandemic, but it also considers the subsequent months, focusing on a broad range of maternal symptoms, rather than assessing depressive and anxiety symptoms as most of previous research did.
Does vibration improve cavity adaptation of composite resin?
Authors: Kim Yung-Soo , Baek Seung-Ho , Kim Ryan Jin Young
Published: August 2022

This study evaluates the effect of vibration on adaptation of bulk-fill composite resin. A scanning laser doppler vibrometer measured the frequency and amplitude of a vibratory device (COMO) used for resin placement and visualized its effect on the resin according to depth. FB was placed in simulated cavities (4 mm diameter, 4 mm depth) by different layering methods (incremental filling with two 2-mm-thick layers vs. bulk filling with a single 4-mm-thick layer). The groups were further divided based on the application of vibration during restoration (no vibration vs. vibration). The voids that formed at the bottom surface of the cavity and the bottom, middle, top third, and overall void volumes were measured using micro-computed tomography. The frequency and amplitude of the COMO were approximately 149 Hz and between 26 and 51 um, respectively. Vibration provided improved surface adaptation and lower void volumes during incremental filling (p < 0.05). Vibration applied with a 4-mm-thick bulk fill had no effect on the adaptation of composite resin (p > 0.05). Void volume was markedly higher in the bottom part in all groups. Application of vibration to the resin with a 2-mm incremental-layering technique produced the best adaptation of the composite resin.
Machine Learning Prospects in Social Media and Cloud Data Mining and Analytics
Authors: Hai Tao , Zhou Jincheng , Jawawi Dayang N. A. , Zheng Xin , Dalal Surjeet , Biamba Cresantus , Onyema Edeh Michael , Anumbe Noble
Published: August 2022

Social media has become a significant platform not only for communication, but also for business and marketing of content and services. These activities involve large volumes of data with different patterns that have to be harnessed for businesses or users to maximize their meaning and make relevant brand decisions. Machine learning algorithms and tools like Natural language Processing (NLP) facilitate the system’s ability to recognize, extract cloud data patterns, and classify them in a more realistic way. The previous method only made mere literal guesses to aid automated data tracking and decision-making. The aim of this study was to carry out social media data analytics using machine learning tools. In this study, we proposed novel Naïve Bayes and Maximum Entropy classifiers. These classifiers were used to conduct a sentiment analysis to categorize and analyze messages collected from Twitter in order to determine whether they are positive, negative or non-partisan, and ultimately get the targeted output. The experimental results were successful and the machine learning tools were accurate in determining the nature of the Twitter messages. The study demonstrates the capacity of machine learning algorithms in conducting actionable social media data mining and analytics.
Study on Rock Breaking Effect of Double-hole Delay Blasting in Interbedding Base on Particle Expansion Loading Algorithm
Authors: Cui Jianbin , Xie Liangfu , Qin Yongjun , Liu Xuejun , Wang Jianhu , Qian Jiangu
Published: August 2022

By researching the distance between the interface of the soft-hard rock strata and blasthole, as well as the delayed initiation time, the rock blasting effect can be more controllable. Firstly, the rationality of the blasting method was verified from three angles: the blasting coupled stress field, the ratio of the crushing area radius to the blasthole radius, and the crack network state. Under the condition of soft-hard rock strata, the numerical model of double-hole blasting was established by using PFC2D. Then delay blasting experiments were carried out under different positions between the structural plane and the blasthole, and the analysis was made from three perspectives: crack network, crack quantity and rock fragments. Results show that: (i) When detonated in hard rock, if the distance between structural plane and blasthole is greater than twice crushing area radius, the closer structural plane is to the blasthole, the more obvious the "hook" phenomenon between the two blastholes is. With the increase of delayed initiation time, "hook" phenomenon will weaken or even disappear. (ii) Based on the crack information initiated in hard rock, the law of the crack number varying with the thickness of hard rock and delay time is obtained. (iii) For initiation in hard rock, the extension range of crack is large, but less fragments are formed. The law is opposite to that initiation in structural plane and soft rock. The fragmentation increases exponentially with the increase of soft rock thickness, and the exponential function is obtained.
Sleep Health Characteristics And Risk Of Kidney Stones: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Xie Li , Yu Zhuoyuan , Yang Xin , Yang Mei , Gao Fei
Published: August 2022

Objective:To evaluate the association between sleep health characteristics and kidney stones.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2007-2008). The primary exposures were self-reported sleep duration, obstructive sleep apnea and sleep difficulty. The primary outcome was nephrolithiasis. We examined the association between sleep health characteristics and kidney stones using multivariable logistic regression models and reported odds ratios (ORs).Results:After fully multivariate adjustment, obstructive sleep apnea is positively associated with the risk of kidney stones (OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.10–1.63, P=0.0037). Then, the sleep difficulty group had a 1.49-fold increased risk of kidney stone (95% CI:1.23–1.80, P < 0.0001). However, insufficient (< 7 Hours/Night) sleep seems not to be associated with kidney stone (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 0.90-1.29, P=0.3992).Conclusions:After controlling for known risk factors, obstructive sleep apnea and sleep difficulty were associated with an increased likelihood of kidney stone incidence.
Exploring the Potential of Intranasally Administered Naturally Occurring Quercetin Loaded into Polymeric Nanocapsules as a Novel Platform for the Treatment of Anxiety
Authors: Mahmoud Khaled Y. , Elhesaisy Nahla A. , Rashed Abdelrahman R. , Mikhael Ebram S. , Fadl Mahmoud I. , Elsadek Mahmoud S. , Mohamed Merna A. , Mostafa Merna A. , Hassan Mohamed A. , Halema Omar M. , Elnemer Youssef H. , Swidan Shady A.
Published: August 2022

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent forms of psychopathology that affects millions worldwide. It gains more importance under the current pandemic status that resulted in higher anxiety prevalence. Anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines have an unfavorable risk/benefit ratio resulting in a shift toward active ingredients with better safety profile such as the naturally occurring quercetin. The delivery of quercetin is hampered by its low water solubility and low bioavailability. The potential of enhancing quercetin delivery to the brain utilizing polymeric nanocapsules administered nasally is investigated in the current study. Polymeric nanocapsules were prepared utilizing the nanoprecipitation technique. The best formula displayed a particle size of 227.8 ± 11.9, Polydispersity index of 0.466 ± 0.023, zeta potential of -17.5 ± 0.01, and encapsulation efficiency % of 92.5 ± 1.9. The prepared nanoparticles displayed In vitro release of QRC loaded polymeric nanocapsules exhibited a biphasic release with an initial burst release followed by a sustained release pattern. The in vivo evaluation demonstrated the superiority of quercetin polymeric nanocapsules administered intranasally compared quercetin dispersion administered both orally and intranasally. The prepared nanocapsules also demonstrated good safety profile with high tolerability.