bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Occurrence Within 6 Months After Coronary Revascularization: Machine Learning Study
Authors: Wang Jinwan , Wang Shuai , Zhu Mark Xuefang , Yang Tao , Yin Qingfeng , Hou Ya
Published: April 2022

Background

As a major health hazard, the incidence of coronary heart disease has been increasing year by year. Although coronary revascularization, mainly percutaneous coronary intervention, has played an important role in the treatment of coronary heart disease, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as recurrent or persistent angina pectoris after coronary revascularization remain a very difficult problem in clinical practice.

Objective

Given the high probability of MACE after coronary revascularization, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for MACE occurrence within 6 months based on machine learning algorithms.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed including 1004 patients who had undergone coronary revascularization at The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province and Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to December 2020. According to the characteristics of available data, an oversampling strategy was adopted for initial preprocessing. We then employed six machine learning algorithms, including decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), to develop prediction models for MACE depending on clinical information and 6-month follow-up information. Among all samples, 70% were randomly selected for training and the remaining 30% were used for model validation. Model performance was assessed based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and visualization of the ROC curve.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that 21 patient characteristic variables were statistically significant (P<.05) between the groups without and with MACE. Coupled with these significant factors, among the six machine learning algorithms, XGBoost stood out with an accuracy of 0.7788, precision of 0.8058, recall of 0.7345, F1-score of 0.7685, and AUC of 0.8599. Further exploration of the models to identify factors affecting the occurrence of MACE revealed that use of anticoagulant drugs and course of the disease consistently ranked in the top two predictive factors in three developed models.

Conclusions

The machine learning risk models constructed in this study can achieve acceptable performance of MACE prediction, with XGBoost performing the best, providing a valuable reference for pointed intervention and clinical decision-making in MACE prevention.
The Associations of COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions With Longer-Term Activity Levels of Working Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Cohort Study
Authors: Brakenridge Christian John , Salim Agus , Healy Genevieve Nissa , Grigg Ruth , Carver Alison , Rickards Kym , Owen Neville , Dunstan David Wayne
Published: April 2022

Background

Lockdown restrictions reduce COVID-19 community transmission; however, they may pose challenges for noncommunicable disease management. A 112-day hard lockdown in Victoria, Australia (commencing March 23, 2020) coincided with an intervention trial of reducing and breaking up sitting time in desk workers with type 2 diabetes who were using a provided consumer-grade activity tracker (Fitbit).

Objective

This study aims to compare continuously recorded activity levels preceding and during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions among working adults with type 2 diabetes participating in a sitting less and moving more intervention.

Methods

A total of 11 participants (n=8 male; mean age 52.8, SD 5 years) in Melbourne, Australia had Fitbit activity tracked before (mean 122.7, SD 47.9 days) and during (mean 99.7, SD 62.5 days) citywide COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Regression models compared device (Fitbit Inspire HR)–derived activity (steps; metabolic equivalent tasks [METs]; mean time in sedentary, lightly, fairly, and very active minutes; and usual bout durations) during restrictions to prerestrictions. Changes in activity were statistically significant when estimates (Δ%) did not intercept zero.

Results

Overall, there was a decrease in mean steps (–1584 steps/day; Δ% –9%, 95% CI –11% to –7%); METs (–83 METs/day; Δ% –5%, 95% CI –6% to –5%); and lightly active (Δ% –4%, 95% CI –8% to –1%), fairly active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –21% to –15%), and very active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –11% to –5%) intensity minutes per day, and increases in mean sedentary minutes per day (51 mins/day; Δ% 3%, 95% CI 1%-6%). Only very active (+5.1 mins) and sedentary (+4.3 mins) bout durations changed significantly.

Conclusions

In a convenience sample of adults with type 2 diabetes, COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were associated with decreases in overall activity levels and increases in very active and sedentary bout durations. A Fitbit monitor provided meaningful continuous long-term data in this context.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001159246; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618001159246
Early Detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders of Toddlers and Postnatal Depression by Mobile Health App: Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Denis Fabrice , Maurier Laura , Carillo Kevin , Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana , Septans Anne-Lise , Gepner Agnes , Le Goff Florian , Desbois Madhu , Demurger Baptiste , Silber Denise , Zeitoun Jean-David , Assuied Guedalia Peretz , Bonnot Olivier
Published: April 2022

Background

Delays in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in toddlers and postnatal depression (PND) in mothers are major public health issues. In both cases, early intervention is crucial.

Objective

We aimed to assess if a mobile app named Malo can reduce delay in the recognition of NDD and PND.

Methods

We performed an observational, cross-sectional, data-based study in a population of young parents with a minimum of 1 child under 3 years of age at the time of inclusion and using Malo on a regular basis. We included the first 4000 users matching the criteria and agreeing to participate between November 11, 2021, and January 14, 2022. Parents received monthly questionnaires via the app, assessing skills on sociability, hearing, vision, motricity, language of their infants, and possible autism spectrum disorder. Mothers were also requested to answer regular questionnaires regarding PND, from 4-28 weeks after childbirth. When any patient-reported outcomes matched predefined criteria, an in-app notification was sent to the user, recommending the booking of an appointment with their family physician or pediatrician.
The main outcomes were the median age of the infant at the time of notification for possible NDD and the median time of PND notifications after childbirth. One secondary outcome was the relevance of the NDD notification for a consultation as assessed by the physicians.

Results

Among 4242 children assessed by 5309 questionnaires, 613 (14.5%) had at least 1 disorder requiring a consultation. The median age of notification for possible autism spectrum, vision, audition, socialization, language, or motor disorders was 11, 9, 17, 12, 22, and 4 months, respectively. The sensitivity of the alert notifications of suspected NDDs as assessed by the physicians was 100%, and the specificity was 73.5%. Among 907 mothers who completed a PND questionnaire, highly probable PND was detected in 151 (16.6%) mothers, and the median time of detection was 8-12 weeks.

Conclusions

The algorithm-based alert suggesting NDD was highly sensitive with good specificity as assessed by real-life practitioners. The app was also efficient in the early detection of PND. Our results suggest that the regular use of this multidomain familial smartphone app would permit the early detection of NDD and PND.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04958174; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04958174
US Black Maternal Health Advocacy Topics and Trends on Twitter: Temporal Infoveillance Study (Preprint)
Authors: Grigsby-Toussaint Diana , Champagne Ashley , Uhr Justin , Silva Elizabeth , Noh Madeline , Bradley Adam , Rashleigh Patrick
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Black women in the United States disproportionately suffer adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes compared to White women. Economic adversity and implicit bias during clinical encounters may lead to physiological responses that place Black women at higher risk for adverse birth outcomes. The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) further exacerbated this risk, as safety protocols increased social isolation in clinical settings, thereby limiting opportunities to advocate for unbiased care. Twitter, 1 of the most popular social networking sites, has been used to study a variety of issues of public interest, including health care. This study considers whether posts on Twitter accurately reflect public discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic and are being used in infodemiology studies by public health experts.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the feasibility of Twitter for identifying public discourse related to social determinants of health and advocacy that influence maternal health among Black women across the United States and to examine trends in sentiment between 2019 and 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

Tweets were collected from March 1 to July 13, 2020, from 21 organizations and influencers and from 4 hashtags that focused on Black maternal health. Additionally, tweets from the same organizations and hashtags were collected from the year prior, from March 1 to July 13, 2019. Twint, a Python programming library, was used for data collection and analysis. We gathered the text of approximately 17,000 tweets, as well as all publicly available metadata. Topic modeling and k-means clustering were used to analyze the tweets.

RESULTS

A variety of trends were observed when comparing the 2020 data set to the 2019 data set from the same period. The percentages listed for each topic are probabilities of that topic occurring in our corpus. In our topic models, tweets on reproductive justice, maternal mortality crises, and patient care increased by 67.46% in 2020 versus 2019. Topics on community, advocacy, and health equity increased by over 30% in 2020 versus 2019. In contrast, tweet topics that decreased in 2020 versus 2019 were as follows: tweets on Medicaid and medical coverage decreased by 27.73%, and discussions about creating space for Black women decreased by just under 30%.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic may have spurred an increased focus on advocating for improved reproductive health and maternal health outcomes among Black women in the United States. Further analyses are needed to capture a longer time frame that encompasses more of the pandemic, as well as more diverse voices to confirm the robustness of the findings. We also concluded that Twitter is an effective source for providing a snapshot of relevant topics to guide Black maternal health advocacy efforts.
Risk Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Occurrence Within 6 Months After Coronary Revascularization: Machine Learning Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Jinwan , Wang Shuai , Zhu Mark Xuefang , Yang Tao , Yin Qingfeng , Hou Ya
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

As a major health hazard, the incidence of coronary heart disease has been increasing year by year. Although coronary revascularization, mainly percutaneous coronary intervention, has played an important role in the treatment of coronary heart disease, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) such as recurrent or persistent angina pectoris after coronary revascularization remain a very difficult problem in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

Given the high probability of MACE after coronary revascularization, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for MACE occurrence within 6 months based on machine learning algorithms.

METHODS

A retrospective study was performed including 1004 patients who had undergone coronary revascularization at The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province and Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to December 2020. According to the characteristics of available data, an oversampling strategy was adopted for initial preprocessing. We then employed six machine learning algorithms, including decision tree, random forest, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), to develop prediction models for MACE depending on clinical information and 6-month follow-up information. Among all samples, 70% were randomly selected for training and the remaining 30% were used for model validation. Model performance was assessed based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and visualization of the ROC curve.

RESULTS

Univariate analysis showed that 21 patient characteristic variables were statistically significant (P<.05) between the groups without and with MACE. Coupled with these significant factors, among the six machine learning algorithms, XGBoost stood out with an accuracy of 0.7788, precision of 0.8058, recall of 0.7345, F1-score of 0.7685, and AUC of 0.8599. Further exploration of the models to identify factors affecting the occurrence of MACE revealed that use of anticoagulant drugs and course of the disease consistently ranked in the top two predictive factors in three developed models.

CONCLUSIONS

The machine learning risk models constructed in this study can achieve acceptable performance of MACE prediction, with XGBoost performing the best, providing a valuable reference for pointed intervention and clinical decision-making in MACE prevention.
Substitusi Jagung Menggunakan 3 Jenis Kulit Pisang yang Berbeda Dalam pakan Terhadap Histomorfologi Vili Usus Itik Hibrida
Authors: Fitroh Bagus Andika , Hakim Abdul , Respati Adib Norma
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of banana peel meal as alternatives to substitution of corn in the diets based on the histomorphology of intestinal villi and visceral organ on hybrid ducks. A total of 105 male day old duck used in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatment was done through 3 replications, with each replication consisted of 5 Hybrid ducks. The treatment used is replacing corn wtith banana peel meal half of it (25%) and all of it (50%), PB= basal feed without banana peel meal; K25 and K50 = basal feed with kepok banana peel meal; T25 and T50 = basal feed with tanduk banana peel meal; R25 and R50 = basal feed with raja banana peel meal. If was significant differences were analyzed using orthogonal contrast. The paramater collected are high and width of villi and visceral organ on the Hybrid ducks. The results of the study showed that the utilization of 3 different types of banana peel meal on ducks have no significant effect on high and width of villi and visceral organ. It could be concluded that 3 different types of banana peel meal have no content or substances that can change high and width of villi and viceral organ on hybrid ducks.
Dari Pertunjukan Ke Media: Konvergensi Festival Musik Dalam Merespons Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Zakaria Fakhri , Wijaya Gustaf
Published: April 2022

The policy of physical and social restrictions as an action to prevent the spread of COVID-19 has forced the organization of music festivals to shift from conventional formats to virtual stages. However, this new format encountered several challenges, from infrastructure to social aspects. The practice of convergence, apart from being a form of adaptation, can also form a new social community that becomes social capital in the sustainability of the music festival, both economically and socially. This paper discusses the adaptation of music performance business actors through the convergence of music performance formats during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method utilized is a case study. The object of research is Synchronize Fest and Tomorrowland. Both have strong and wide fans social capital. Both also have their unique way in carrying out digital convergence. Synchronize Radio and television broadcasted format is a form of convergence of musical performances carried out by the Synchronize Festival, as previously an annual multi-genre music festival on a national scale. Meanwhile, a multimedia-based website and community activation have become Tomorrowland's way of greeting its fans during the pandemic. This research is a portrait of how music festivals, as one of the sectors affected by the pandemic, are alive and stay connected to their fans.
Rhythms of Silence: Digital audio analysis of Swedish Radio Broadcasting, 1980-1989
Authors: Malmstedt Johan
Published: April 2022

How can silence be studied, and what can we learn from it? This article explores the so-called ‘modernization’ of Swedish Public Service radio by pertaining to pauses, halts and the absence of content. By applying computational analysis to the broadcasting archive, radio can be explored on a larger scale than previously affordable. The article argues that it is possible to understand the rhythm between more and less dense content by studying the distribution of silence in time. The analysis focuses on how varying degrees of silence are distributed throughout the day in broadcasting by the Public Service Program 1 (P1). Sweden was one of the last western, democratic countries to undergo broadcasting de-monopolization. However, in order to stimulate a modernization process, competition was introduced within the state monopoly before the proper commercialization of radio in 1993. Though the actual effect of this process remains disputed, the last decade of the Swedish radio monopoly is considered a significant media historical period of transition. Whilst the organizational structure endured, public discourse witnessed a clash between new and old ideas concerning the very essence of radio. The period thus enables the study of radio in transition. To grasp the potential effects of these debates and organizational changes on the very content of radio, this study takes its cue from the overlooked but essential matter of silence in the radio medium. Tracing the changes and trends in a set of sample weeks from 1980 to 1989, the results indicate both how the amount of silence diminished and its rhythm became more uniform. Whilst providing insights into the style of Swedish public service radio, the work is also intended to inspire new, creative ways of researching sound media.
Источниковая база истории Калмыкии: проблемы и пути их решения
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Maksimov Konstantin N. , Togaeva Roza B.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The article examines issues of accumulation, formation, preservation, usage arrangements, and peculiarities of historical sources in accordance with the adopted periodization of Kalmykia’s history by geographic and chronological parameters (the Central Asian and European periods, respectively) from earliest to modern times. Historical sources from the mentioned periods differ in degrees of preservation, volume and availability. Goals. So, the paper aims at surveying actual circumstances to have influenced the shaping of Kalmykia’s historical scientific sources and arrangements undertaken to have facilitated the use of multiple documents in exploring events of the past. For that purpose, the work shall attempt to identify certain unbiased factors of sociopolitical development at different stages of history (in a temporal perspective), determine roles and impacts of respective government agencies (depositories) of Russia in the shaping and accumulation of sources in Kalmykia’s history and development of archival affairs nationwide. Materials and methods. The study primarily employs diverse reference apparatuses of public and departmental depositories, collected documents, and data from scientific publications. The research principles are those of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness. Results. The Kalmyk people’s history is characterized by an extensive documentary base that includes different types of sources currently housed by federal and regional archives all across Russia. However, the problems of the former’s further growth and usage arrangements can be successfully solved under certain circumstances.
Первая семилетка. Калмыцкое здравоохранение в 1959–1965 гг.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Baduginova Margarita V.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The article analyzes the recovery period of Kalmykia’s healthcare system after the 1957 return of Kalmyk people from deportation. The chronological framework coincides with the first Soviet seven-year plan — from 1959 to 1965. Goals. The paper aims to examine actual conditions of the healthcare sector in Kalmykia during the period examined. Materials and methods. The work mainly explores archival documents from the National Archives of Kalmykia, it employs both general scientific (analysis, comparison) and special historical research methods. The historical systemic method makes it possible to reveal the relationship between government policy and the changes that took place in the republican healthcare. The quantitative (statistical) method and the chronological principle prove as instrumental in achieving objectives set forth. Results. After the restoration of autonomy, the healthcare system of the republic becomes part of national health services to build its work in accordance with certain federal regulations. The period witnesses the establishment of foundations for further development of Kalmykia’s healthcare, emergence of specialized medical aid, and opening of new medical institutions. The health budget of the republic and subsidization for the construction of a regional medical institutions network were increasing. Conclusions. The participation of the Government manifested in financial, material, technical support and staffing had a definitely positive effect on the development of the republic’s healthcare system and laid the foundation for its further growth.
Монголия в историографическом наследии профессора И. И. Кузнецова
Authors:   Irkutsk State University (1, Karl Marx St., 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation), Kuznetsov Sergey I. , Mishchenkova Maria S. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation)
Published: April 2022

Goals. The article aims to determine the place of Mongolia and plots related to the history of this country in works of the famous Soviet and Russian historian Ilya I. Kuznetsov, to evaluate his contribution to the study of the military conflict between the Red Army and armed forces of Japan in 1939 at the River of Khalkhin, and to characterize the role of I. Kuznetsov in preparing the memoirs of Yu. Tsedenbal. Materials and methods. The article analyzes memoirs and correspondence of I. Kuznetsov, materials of periodicals and mainly scientific works of the historian dealing with exploits of Soviet and Mongolian soldiers during the conflict on the Khalkhin Gol River. The methodology employed — in addition to the general scientific method of analysis — includes special historical research methods, i.e. the retrospective and chronological ones. Results. The study determines the chronological framework of issues related to events on the Khalkhin Gol River and studied by I. Kuznetsov — from mid-1960s to mid-1980s. The scholar prepared a number of articles and monographs that forever inscribed his name in the historiography of the events at Khalkhin Gol. Assistance in the preparation of Yu. Tsedenbal’s memoirs also became an important and interesting part of the historian’s scientific path, although this work remained unfinished. Conclusions. The study shows that despite issues of Mongolian history were not central to the scientific endeavors of I. Kuznetsov, his insights into the events on the Khalkhin Gol River were important in developing another research interest of the historian — destinies of Heroes of the Soviet Union and feats accomplished by soldiers of the Soviet and Mongolian armies. Publications of I. Kuznetsov’s works in the Mongolian People’s Republic and the Soviet Union unequivocally attest to the significance of his academic efforts aimed at exploring destinies of the heroes of Khalkhin Gol. This is confirmed by the very fact the scholar was invited to assist Yu. Tsedenbal in writing the latter’s memoirs. I. Kuznetsov was a historian with diverse scientific interests who with genuine enthusiasm tackled new research topics. The Mongolian theme is undoubtedly a significant contribution to his scientific background. And for the Mongolian people proper, the perpetuation of their compatriots’ feats in the conflict at Khalkhin Gol was of great importance.
Сотрудничество России и Монголии в научно-гуманитарной сфере: основные вехи (к столетию установления дипломатических отношений)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Aktamov Innokentii G. , Grigorieva Yulia G.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The study analyzes the development of humanitarian ties between the Soviet Union (Russia) and the Mongolian People’s Republic (Mongolia). The work focuses on processes of cultural, scientific and educational cooperation between the countries, provides insight into main mechanisms and areas of interaction over the century of official diplomatic relations. Goals. The article aims at performing a brief analysis of the legal framework for the implementation of mutual relations in the humanitarian sphere, as well as at identifying key stages in the development of cultural and educational contacts, which is of utmost importance in terms of creating strong ties between nations. Materials and methods. The study examines legal sources, publications, and scientific literature. Results. Ultimately, the paper determines main stages in the development of cultural and scientific cooperation, outlines objective reasons to have caused the cooling in relations between the countries after the collapse of the USSR. Despite the successor states of the USSR and the MPR were desperately seeking to distance themselves from the Socialist past and ideological foundations in the 1990s, the cultural essentials did not undergo any crucial reassessment of previous achievements. In the 2000s and onwards, a new stage in the development of relations between the Russian Federation and Mongolia has begun. The contemporary nature of interaction has reached the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership. One of the important markers characterizing the level and conditions of bilateral relations is the essential number of scientific events held as part of the centenary celebrations. The work highlights main contradictions that arise between countries under current conditions, though shows those contradictions are not actually systemic by nature. Conclusions. So, the study presents key prospects for the implementation of joint projects aimed at developing scientific and humanitarian cooperation that lay sound foundations of mutual relations. A special role therein was once played by professional training of Mongolia’s citizens at Soviet universities.
О традициях народной медицины аларских бурят
Authors:   Independent Researcher (1/5, Smolin St., 670000 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Makhachkeeva Galina V.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The article provides a first insight into local and regional folk medicine traditions of Alar Buryats (once a part of Balagansk Buryats) nowadays inhabiting Alarsky District of Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug (Irkutsk Oblast, Russia) and clustering with Buryats from the western coast of Lake Baikal, the latter therefore referred to as ‘western’ or ‘Cis-Baikalia’ (sometimes ‘northern’) Buryats. Healing practices of present-day Alar Buryats include richest experiences of previous generations, the former largely determined by a number of natural and geographic factors and conditions of the forest-steppe zone that resulted in consistent combinations of economic patterns, such as arable farming, semi-sedentary livestock breeding, seasonal hunting and fishing. Folk medicine of this sub-ethnic group retains strong ties to shamanic beliefs to have survived the long decades and centuries of persecution. The research topic proves interesting enough since the region under consideration — like the entire Baikal Region — is characterized by a lack of Tibetan medicine influence to have resulted from Orthodox Christianity’s resistance to the expansion of Buddhism. This factor made it possible to preserve the unique ancient traditional treatment techniques, while shamanic healing patterns based on a mythological worldview also constitute a large unexplored area of Baikalia at large. So, local healing traditions remain somewhat understudied. There are only fragmentary data in some works on this subject. Goals. The study aims to analyze the available data on traditional healing practices of Alar Buryats — publications, archival materials, and field notes. Results. The article classifies a set of animal and plant medicines, methods of psychological impact, irrational practices, preventive healthcare approaches and shamanic healing methods. Special attention is paid to etymologies of names of certain diseases and dialect medical terms. An effort is made to analyze the nature of some diseases and phenomena in comparison to healing traditions of other ethnic groups with due regard of modern medical knowledge.
Долгие гласные в якутских книгах середины XIX в.: ошибки или отражение тонких просодических противопоставлений, которые ранее не привлекали внимание ученых?
Authors:   Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS (25, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn St., 109004 Moscow, Russian Federation), Normanskaja Julia V. , Legusina Ulyana N. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS (1, Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The first two Yakut-language books — Acts and Epistles of the Apostles (1858) and D. Khitrov’s Brief Grammar of the Yakut Language (1858) — contain occasional macrons (acute accents) over short vowels usually employed to mark extended vowel length. Goals. This study aims to identify rules to have determined the use of this diacritic and reveal if there be any phonetic reality behind it traceable in modern Yakut dialects. Materials and methods. The first stage of analysis shows that in the examined books the diacritic appears only above various forms of monosyllabic stems. Therefore, a complete list of all forms of Turkic monosyllabic stems has been compiled, and each lexeme statistically counted and analyzed for frequency use — with and without such diacritic. These collected data were compared to those on the pronunciation analysis of non-initial forms of monosyllabic lexemes in modern Yakut dialects obtained through the experimental phonetic software package Praat. Results. The work discovers that in non-initial forms of monosyllabic words some speakers of modern Yakut dialects tend to increase length and intensity of the vowel in the first syllable as compared to vowel sounds in the second one usually stressed in standard Yakut. This emphasis is as sporadic as is attested by the earliest books examined. Parameters for this increase in length and intensity of first-syllable vowels vary across dialects. In modern Yakut dialects (and in the editions), ы, э, аа, уу in the first syllable of non-initial forms of monosyllabic words are most frequently marked prosodically. Conclusions. This rather unexpected set of vowels (ы and э are usually quite short) and the increase in length and intensity of the first-syllable vowel confirmed by the data collected from four independent sources (two books and two modern dialects) show that the insights into earliest Yakut-language books make it possible to identify a previously undescribed prosodic feature of Yakut dialects which deserves further comprehensive study.
Поговорки башкирского языка (проблема разграничения, анализ структуры)
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Sirazitdinov Zinnur A. , Buskunbaeva Liliya A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Being an interdisciplinary problem, differentiation between proverbs and sayings remains an urgent and unresolved issue in both folklore and linguistic studies. Not only Bashkir and Turkic — even national and foreign — scholars have failed to develop any single viewpoint on distinguishing between proverbs and sayings. The article deals with a corpus of Bashkir proverbs and sayings. Goals. The work aims at analyzing and identifying key criteria for distinguishing between proverbs and sayings within Bashkir discourse. Materials and methods. The study investigates Bashkir folklore narratives and expedition materials published by the Institute of History, Language and Literature (Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS). The total number of proverbs and sayings studied to date is 12.197, of which 1.172 expressions are referred to as sayings (bywords). The entire collection of paroemias was subjected to continuous analysis. The research employs methods of semantic and contextual analysis, statistical method. Results. The article explores and identifies the following criteria for defining Bashkir sayings: a syntactically incomplete or complete sentence, semantic replenishment from speech contexts, generalization at the level of each specific situation, literal plan, a possibility (optional) of didacticism. The methodology developed by the authors for differentiating between proverbs and sayings in Bashkir folklore on the basis of works by foreign, Russian and Bashkir researchers makes it possible to present proverbs and sayings in separate databases within one folklore corpus. Analysis of sayings shows a significant quantitative predominance of syntactically and semantically complete constructs as compared to other structural patterns.
Этимология иероглифа 佛 и рецепция буддизма в Китае
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) (6, Miklouho-Maclay St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Lyulina Anastasiya G. ,   Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS (12, Rozhdestvenka St., 104031 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: April 2022

ntroduction. The etymology of the Chinese character 佛 (fó) shows that not only phonetics but also morphology of the character proper, as well as its interpretation in ancient Chinese texts, serve important factors of its use to translate the concept of ‘Buddha’ from Sanskrit Indian sutras. Goals. Etymological analysis of the hieroglyph 佛 with identification of early meanings based on citations from classical philosophical writings will reveal reasons for the primary use of the character 佛 in translations, in contrast to other assonant lexemes (e.g., 浮). Insights into historical and cultural backgrounds, peculiarities of the dissemination of Buddha’s teachings and beginnings of Chinese translation studies prove instrumental in emphasizing the influence of these processes on subsequent development of the new meaning. Materials. The study analyzes Chinese etymological and explanatory dictionaries, language databases and Chinese historical texts, as well as materials presented in works of linguists and historians. Results. The sign 佛 had been used in Taoist and Confucian literature long before the arrival of Buddhism in China. Its etymological and semantic analyses, interpretations of main meanings discovered in philosophical texts make it possible to show origins of the new meaning of the hieroglyph 佛 ‘Buddha’ and its use in translations. The history of development of the pictophonetic 佛 involves a cognitive aspect of linguoregional studies and reflects the complex process of Buddhist teachings adaptation in China, as well as the formation of Chinese translation studies in the context of interaction between India, China and domains of Tokharistan (Xiyu states) in the earliest centuries AD.
История нотариального дела на территории Тувы: от нойонов и старших выборных до Первой Кызылской нотариальной конторы (1914–1940-е гг.)
Authors:   Siberian Federal University (79, Svobodny Ave., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation), Karchaeva Tatyana G. , Dorzhu Zoya Yu. , Severyanov Mikhail D. , Seden Aldyna V. ,   Tuvan State University (36, Lenin St., 667000 Kyzyl, Russian Federation)
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The article provides a historical review of how notarial system of the Tyva Republic — an eastern region of Russia — was taking its shape. The research interest towards the territory is determined by specific development features characteristic of public and state institutions in Tuva. Goals. The article aims to identify facts of historical experience in functioning of notaries in the territory of the republic from 1914 to the 1940s. Materials and methods. The study primarily explores documents from the National Archive of the Tyva Republic, such as official papers of the Department of the Commissioner for Uryankhai Krai and the Resettlement Agency, local khoshuu and sum administrations, and the Notarial Chamber of the Tyva Republic. Comprehensive analysis of normative regulations for notarial system issued after 1946 makes it possible to assert its complete existence in the mid-to-late 1940s. Results. The Russian Protectorate of 1914–1917 did not introduce the Notarial Regulations (1866) in the Uryankhai region due to national and geopolitical characteristics of the territory. In fact, notarial functions were performed by representatives of local ethnic elites (noyons), senior electives of Russian settlements, officials of the Resettlement Agency and the Department of the Commissioner for Uryankhai Krai. At that time, the indigenous population and peasant settlers had no shared understanding of private property, which caused many disputes resolved by local Russian officials. So, the period of the Tuvan People’s Republic (1921 to 1944) witnessed no shaping of notarial system. In a figurative sense, ‘notarial affairs’ were entrusted to local khoshuu and sum administrations (like village Soviets, notarial tables in district or city executive committees). The revealed documents, including the ‘Book of Orders for Kyzyl Notarial Office of Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, 1950 to 1958’ make it possible to precisely identify the earliest working day of the First Notarial Office of Kyzyl — February 1, 1945. Analysis of normative regulations for notarial system in Tuva presumes that general features of its functioning were formed along with other regions of Soviet Russia.
Калмыцкая повседневность XVII–XIX вв.: постановка проблемы и история изучения
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Batmaev Maksim M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The majority of Russian historiographic works deal with political history, namely: class struggle, wars, sociopolitical and socioeconomic development, prominent figures, etc. Meanwhile, it is evident enough that an ultimate basis for historical development and existence of any ethnos is everyday labor of the masses. The article reviews the emergence and development — in historical science as such and Russian historiography proper — of the research trend exploring everyday life. The paper notes virtually no such works have been published in Kalmykia, nor can one find any essential scholarly narratives on everyday life of Kalmyks. Goals. The study aims at delineating long-term benefits of academic insights into Kalmyk routine life, all estates and social groups throughout the 17th to 19th centuries. Results. The paper revisits activities by founders of the Annales school (France) — Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. Special attention is paid to similar works on everyday life in Russian historiography. Conclusions. The available ethnographic narratives examine the past household life of Kalmyks, their rites, economic affairs and other aspects integral to the subject area ‘mundane life’. However, the article concludes no special works to have covered Kalmyk routine life of the past have been published yet.
Evaluation of transformational R&I policy: Lessons learned based on a retrospective review of food systems R&I investment in the EU
Authors:   Ipsos UK, Schneuwly Sonja , Chandler Caroline
Published: April 2022

This paper shares our experience of developing an EU-level baseline for research and innovation (R&I) in food systems, in support of the European Commission’s transformation agenda, with specific reference to the Food 2030 initiative. Food 2030 relates to the EU’s mission-oriented approach to R&I, viewing it within the context of a dynamic food system with multiple dependencies and many different actors. This approach aligns with a growing recognition that, in order to achieve transformational change, the interactions and interdependencies of all components within a given system and its relationship to other systems must be considered. In a transformative R&I system, innovation itself is no longer the endgoal but is viewed as an enabler to solve societal and environmental challenges (the end-objective). Linking such broader outcomes back to specific R&I inputs is not a straightforward endeavour. Furthermore, the inter- and transdisciplinary nature of a systems approach, as well as the nature of systems thinking itself, make it hard to define evaluative boundaries. Traditional public sector approaches to supporting R&I do not align well with such an approach, with implications for evaluating R&I policy. The paper focuses specifically on the novel aspects of the EU’s approach to framing food systems R&I and the evaluation challenges this presents, as well as how we have worked to mitigate these.
Randomised controlled trials and other experimental approaches in the Austrian Research Promotion Agency
Authors:   Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), Landon Tess , Hochreiter Harald
Published: April 2022

The objective of this paper/presentation is to highlight how experimental approaches, specifically Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs), can be leveraged to evaluate and measure the impact of new programmes, support programme development and test new services in funding and innovation agencies. RCTs are seen in many facets of public policy, however RCTs as a method for innovation agencies to evaluate new initiatives is relatively new. We present three RCTs implemented in the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) that have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The trials are implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of new measures intended to help strengthen R&I in start-ups and SMEs. Through these three examples, we aim to demonstrate the advantages in which RCTs can augment the evaluation of new services as well as challenges that come with implementing RCTs. For one RCT, we will present final results. Two RCTs are ongoing, and we will present the trial design. We also discuss the operational aspects of incorporating experimentation in an innovation agency.
UNDERSTANDING DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AND ITS CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM
Authors: Novakovic Marko , Perovic Bojan
Published: April 2022

With all its flaws, a deliberative democracy presents a very important democratic concept – a concept that needs to be improved, but also a concept that needs to be understood. This article aims to present basic concepts of both deliberative democracy and its critiques, providing an updated basic for further discussion, development, and evolution of the concept. Reviewing all relevant concepts, streams, and critics is a demanding and time-consuming task, but hopefully, this article will be able to help researchers as a starting point for the research of this impressive concept – a concept that certainly is not flawless but its importance is beyond doubt.
ALTERNATIVE CARE FOR CHILDREN IN SOCIAL WELFARE SYSTEM – POLICY AND LEGAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Stojkovic Zlatanovic Sanja
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the theoretical and legal practical foundation of the concept of alternative care for children in the social welfare system. Applying the human rights principle and child best interest doctrine along with the contemporary holistic and integrated approach to the research subject, we aim to identify the proper interpretation of the notion of alternative care for children in international, European and national domains. The recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights has beenconsidered as well. The role of civil society organizations in providing special care services for vulnerable populations such as children in terms of sustainable development agenda has been seen as a precondition for building a stable democratic and inclusive society when the world is facing significant challenges of natural hazards, climate changes and consequently,social inequities. Accordingly, an adequate policy and legal framework need to be developed including engagement of all relevant actors – public, private and civil organizations as well as the beneficiaries of services.
PRIVATE LTE И СИСТЕМЫ СВЯЗИ И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ УРОВНЯ MISSION CRITICAL
Authors: Трифонов Е.
Published: April 2022

Рассматривается применение сетей LTE для профессиональных целей на объектах критически важной инфраструктуры. Обосновывается целесообразность использования для решения задач класса Mission Critical технологии Private (частной) сети LTE. Даются рекомендации по выбору диапазонов частот и набора оборудования для создания частных сетей LTE. Описывается комплексное решение для систем Mission Critical на базе технологии Private LTE от компании "ТРИАЛИНК".
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF REPOWERING STEAM POWER PLANTS BY FEED WATER HEATING
Authors: Mitrović Dejan , Ignjatović Marko , Stojanović Branislav , Janevski Jelena , Škundrić Jovan
Published: April 2022

Modern society and economic development are completely dependent on various forms of energy while the ever-increasing demand for energy, in combination with significant environmental topics, has resulted in state-of-the-art ideas and solutions for fulfilling these often-contradictory goals, i.e. increasing efficiency or environmental protection and economic goal. The efficiency of the existing operating units for electricity production based on the usage of low-quality coal does not go hand in hand with the requirements of this new concept.One of the most efficient ways to reduce specific energy consumption is using Combined Heat and Power plants. In comparison to classical, separate heat and power plants, the advantage for CHP plants comes from their high efficiency. The result of higher efficiency is lower primary energy consumption and lower environmental pollution due to low values of CO2 emissions.Several revitalization configurations can be applied in order to fit the existing thermal power plants into combined cycles. The idea is to install, at the existing location, one gas turbine to increase the overall efficiency. This paper analyzes the potential of a combined gas-steam facility in the situation where the gas facility is used for heating feed water, which enters the heat recovery steam generator.A comparison of energy efficiency for various operating regimes, with and without heat production, is performed for this option.