bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whose problem is it anyway? Confronting myths of ‘problems’ in health professions education
Authors: Thomas Aliki , Ellaway Rachel H.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The growing interest in knowledge translation and implementation science, both in clinical practice and in health professions education (HPE), is reflected in the number of studies that have sought to address what are believed to be evidence‐practice gaps. Though this effort may be intended to ensure practice improvements are better aligned with research evidence, there is a common assumption that the problems researchers explore and the answers they generate are meaningful and applicable to practitioner needs.

Methods

This Mythology paper considers the nature of problems from HPE as the focus of HPE research and the ways in which they may or may not be aligned. The authors argue that, in an applied field such as HPE, it is vital that researchers better understand how their research problems relate to practitioner needs and what the limitations on evidence uptake might be. Not only can this establish clearer paths between evidence and action, but it also requires a rethink of much of knowledge translation and implementation science thinking and practice.

Results

The authors explore five myths: whether everything in HPE is a problem; whether practitioner needs involve problem solving; whether practitioner problems are resolvable with sufficient evidence; whether researchers effectively target practitioner problems; and whether studies that focus on solving practitioner problems make significant contributions to the literature.

Conclusions

To advance the conversation on the connections between problems and HPE research, the authors propose ways in which knowledge translation and implementation science might be approached differently.
Mapping guideline‐informed care for chronic non‐specific low back pain with the biopsychosocial approach: A rapid review
Authors: Leach Matthew J. , Climstein Mike , Fryer Gary , Kumar Saravana , Agnew Tamara
Published: February 2023

Background

Current evidence favors a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial approach to the management of chronic non‐specific low back pain (CLBP). However, it is unclear whether such an approach is facilitated by current clinical guidelines. This rapid review set out to examine the extent to which clinical guideline recommendations for managing CLBP address domains of the biopsychosocial approach.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the gray literature were searched for any clinical guidelines targeting the management of CLBP, published within the last 6 years. Title/abstract and full‐text screening were undertaken by two reviewers using the accelerated approach. Data extraction and critical appraisal were completed by two reviewers, independently. Extracted data were synthesized in narrative form.

Results

Fifteen guidelines met the review inclusion criteria. One‐half of the guidelines were considered to be of medium quality. All guidelines provided management recommendations addressing the biological domain of the biopsychosocial approach; 13 (87%) guidelines reported recommendations addressing the psychological domain, and 8 (53%) guidelines presented recommendations addressing the social domain. Only 53% (8/15) of guidelines reported recommendations addressing all three domains of the biopsychosocial approach. Guideline recommendations both across and within the biopsychosocial domains were varied and inconsistent.

Conclusions

The CLBP clinical guidelines included in this review provided detailed guidance on the biological domain, yet limited attention and detail were afforded to the psychological and social domains. Several recommendations are presented on how to improve the quality of future CLBP guidelines, and to help foster the provision of a biopsychosocial approach to CLBP management.
The effect of shift in physiological and anatomical traits on light use efficiency under cotton domestication
Authors: Lei Zhangying , Han Jimei , Chen Yunrui , Zhang Wangfeng , Cai Xiaoyan , Liu Fang , Zhang Yali
Published: February 2023

The effect of crop domestication on photosynthetic productivity has been well‐studied, but at present, none examines its impacts on leaf anatomy and, consequently, light use efficiency in cotton. We investigated leaf and vein anatomy traits, light use efficiency (LUE) and gas exchange in 26 wild and 30 domesticated genotypes of cotton grown under field conditions. The results showed that domestication resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, higher stomatal conductance, and lower lamina mass per area. Higher LUE was underpinned by the thicker leaves, greater vein volume, elongated palisade and higher chlorophyll content, although there was no difference in the apparent quantum yield. The lower vein mass per area in domesticated genotypes contributed to the reduction of lamina mass per area, but there was no decrease in vein length per area. Our study suggests that domestication has triggered a considerable shift in physiological and anatomical traits to support the increase in LUE.
Integrated bioinformatic and physiological analyses reveal the pivotal role of hydrogen sulfide in enhancing low‐temperature tolerance in alfalfa
Authors: Gao Shuanghong , Wang Yifan , Zeng Zhen , Zhang Menglei , Yi Na , Liu Bowen , Wang Ruijia , Long Si , Gong Jiongjiong , Liu Tieyuan , Xu Yuefei
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signal molecule that regulates plant growth and stress resistance. However, research on the H2S synthase (HSase) genes is still limited in the model legume plant Medicago truncatula Gaertn. In the present study, a total of 40 HSase family members were first identified and analyzed in the M. truncatula genome, and these genes distributed across eight chromosomes and were clustered into five groups (I–V) based on their conserved gene structures and protein motifs. Expression analysis revealed that the MtHSase genes were expressed in all the tested abiotic stresses, albeit with expression level differences. This study also showed that H2S improves low temperature tolerance of alfalfa seedlings by regulating the antioxidant defense system and enhancing photosynthetic capacity. Thus, the study provides new insights into how the H2S signal regulates tolerance to low‐temperature stress and provides the basis for further gene function and detection.
Effectiveness of dental implants in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: An umbrella review
Authors: Zarzar Adriana Machado , Sales Pedro Henrique da Hora , Barros Ana Waleska Pessoa , Arreguy Ingrid Melo Schuler , Carvalho Alessandra Albuquerque Tavares , Leão Jair Carneiro
Published: February 2023

Objective

The objective of this overview is to evaluate the effectiveness of dental implants placed in patients who underwent radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer, as well as to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews.

Methods

The study was conducted in four PubMed, Lilacs, Dare Cochrane and Google Scholar databases until July 2022, using the descriptors “Radiotherapy,” “Dental implants,” and “Head and Neck Cancer.” Results: 958 studies were found in the initial search and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen systematic reviews were selected to compose this overview and had their methodological quality evaluated by the AMSTAR 2 tool.

Results

24,996 implants in 5487 patients were evaluated with a rate of success rate of 86.2% in patients who underwent radiotherapy and 95.2% in patients who did not undergo radiotherapy. Only one of the systematic reviews was of high quality according to AMSTAR 2.

Conclusion

Oral rehabilitation with dental implants in patients with a history of head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy is a valid therapy. However, given the level of evidence found, further studies with better design are necessary to provide greater confidence in the clinical decision.
Critical approaches to private education in the Global South
Authors: Inglis Patrick
Published: February 2023

This article highlights the key themes that animate the critical discourse on private education initiatives targeting poor children in the Global South. Scholars in the field remain skeptical that public‐private partnerships, low‐fee private schools, and various subsidy and voucher programs are best suited to addressing the underlying issues of equity and quality that plague public education systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Most, however, tend to adopt one of two different, though complementary, lines of analysis in drawing attention to the issue. Some scholars, for instance, use empirical evidence to show how low‐fee private schools fall short of delivering on promises to address the needs of all children and enhancing basic literacy and numeracy scores in comparison to public schools. Other scholars, however, map networks of people and money to reveal how private education in the Global South is guided by power and profit. The paper outlines the moral and analytic interests that guide these two approaches to the challenge private education presents, while also making the case for an additional mode of analysis that would test the democratic and social justice claims that feature in mission statements of larger foundations and institutions set in vulnerable societies.
Recent advances in the role of Yes‐associated protein in dermatosis
Authors: Jia Xiaorong , He Li , Yang Zhi
Published: February 2023

Background

Dermatosis is a general term for diseases of the skin and skin appendages including scleroderma, psoriasis, bullous disease, atopic dermatitis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. These diseases affect millions of individuals globally and are a serious public health concern. However, the pathogenesis of skin diseases is not fully understood, and treatments are not optimal. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a role in the regulation of gene transcription and signal transduction.

Aims

To study the role of Yes‐associated protein in skin diseases.

Materials and Methods

The present review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the role of YAP in skin diseases, current treatments that target YAP, and potential avenues for novel therapies.

Results

Abnormal YAP expression has been implicated in occurrence and development of dermatosis. YAP regulates the cell homeostasis, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiopoiesis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, among other processes. As well as, it serves as a potential target in many biological processes for treating dermatosis.

Conclusions

The effects of YAP on the skin are complex and require multidimensional investigational approaches. YAP functions as an oncoprotein that can promote the occurrence and development of cancer, but there is currently limited information on the therapeutic potential of YAP inhibition for cancer treatment. Additional studies are also needed to clarify the role of YAP in the development and maturation of dermal fibroblasts; skin barrier function, homeostasis, aging, and melanin production; and dermatosis.
Building reflective spaces for junior doctors to promote ethical, legal and professional learning relating to clinical practice
Authors: Machin Laura L. , Baker Paul
Published: February 2023

Background

Concerns have been raised surrounding the training of Foundation Doctors on the ethical, legal and professionalism (ELP) aspects of clinical practice, leading to some to claim a degree of educational neglect. Foundation Doctors are junior doctors in the United Kingdom within the first 2 years of their medical career since graduating from medical school.

Approach

Lancaster University and Health Education England North West (HEE NW) introduced a series of training materials specially created to meet the ELP training needs of Foundation Doctors, which were piloted by Foundation Schools.

Evaluation

The training was delivered to Foundation Doctors in first and second year of their training either online or in person. The facilitators were clinical senior doctors and did not have an academic qualification in ELP. Some large Foundation Schools used two training packs to provide an optional ELP day for their Foundation Doctors, while individual hospitals within a Foundation School used the training packs to provide training as part of their mandatory weekly training for Foundation Doctors. Feedback was gathered from Foundation Doctors and training facilitators when a training pack was piloted.

Implications

Foundation Doctors were able to make links between the messages delivered in the training to their own clinical practice. Foundation Schools have incorporated the training packs into the 2‐year Foundation Programme, which creates the possibility for ELP training to become standardised across Foundation Schools.
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) CAPABILITY IN MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICES
Authors: Mohamed Hanan-Allah , Hashim Norfashiha , Yusuwan Norazian Mohamad , Shamsuddin Siti Mazzuana , Said Ilias
Published: February 2023

The wave of IR 4.0 has created a competitive environment by transforming the industry in both technical and managerial aspects. Many studies have highlighted the need for a radical shift of conventional design processes in the concept of BIM as a management and collaboration platform. Hence, an effective strategy for the BIM implementation process is needed by developing different BIM capabilities in different cascades of BIM stages. The aim of this study is mainly to investigate BIM capabilities developed by current architectural practices. Six BIM capabilities identified from extensive literature review were Design Authoring, Design Visualisation and Simulation, Design Coordination and Review, Constructability Analysis, Project Changes Management, and Collaboration and Coordination. Each BIM capability were studied according to different BIM activities that must be performed. The The findings revealed different BIM capabilities acquired by the architectural firms in three different BIM stages. For architectural firms in stage 1 BIM implementation, the most acquired BIM capability are Design Authoring, Design Visualisation and Simulation and Constructability Analysis. In BIM stage 2 practices, Constructability Analysis, Collaboration and Coordination, and Design Authoring capabilities were developed. The practices which claimed to be in stage 3 BIM dominated in terms of Design Visualisation and Simulation, Collaboration and Coordination and Design Authoring. The current BIM capabilities will be the basis to suggest critical BIM capabilities that current architectural practices in Malaysia should seek.
CORROSION OF GALVANISED AND UNGALVANISED COLD-FORMED STEEL IN CHLORIDE AND SULPHATE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Ling Brandon Yi Yang , Lee Yeong Huei , Mohammad Shahrin , Tan Cher Siang
Published: February 2023

The light steel framing is widely use around the world to replace the conventional construction method. However, there are some factors that affect the corrosion rate of the steel framing structures. The factors are oxygen, humidity, sulphate, chloride and copper sulphate which highly contain in seawater regions or specifically coastal area. Hence, all these factors that influence the corrosion rate of the steel framing shall be study to determine the service life and the maintenance required throughout their service life. This paper studies the effect of the chloride, sulphate and the rainwater to the light steel framing structure and the corrosion resistance that provided by the zinc coating on the surface of the steel. The galvanized steel and ungalvanized steel are immersed in different concentration of sodium chloride and copper sulphate solutions for 28 days. The corrosion rate is obtained by measured the weight loss of the steel coupons in the interval 7-days of the immersion time. Other than that, the corrosion rate in seawater is analysed by the result of 0.5 Mol of NaCl and 0.016 Mol of CuSO4. The corrosion rate for the NaCl and CuSO4 is much higher than the corrosion rate in the rainwater. The corrosion resistance that provided by the zinc coating is extremely higher compared to the steel that without the protection. Prediction equation of metal loss from experimental study is proposed for a reliable light steel structure in a function of time.
SOYBEAN PEST IDENTIFICATION BASED ON CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK AND TRANSFER LEARNING
Authors: MingYuan Xin , Weay Ang Ling
Published: February 2023

Despite the fact that the ensemble classifier improved classification precision by integrating texture and colour. However, the significant image preparation process is a laborious and time-consuming. Manually depicting constrained feature extraction can result in a semantic void in a picture. These limits cause inaccuracy of agricultural disease identification. Thus, this study proposes a soybean pest detection method based on a hybrid of Transfer learning and pyramidal convolutional neural networks that can identify soybean pests quickly and accurately on small sample sets. Bean borer, soybean poison moth, mite, stink bug, and pod borer photographs are first pre-processed using standard data improvement methods, and then manually categorized into six groups based on pest characteristics. The weight parameters from the VGG16 model trained on the ImageNet image dataset were then transferred to the recognition of soybean pests using the transfer learning method, and the VGG16 convolutional and pooling layers were used as feature extraction layers, while the top layer was redesigned as a pyramidal convolutional layer, an average pooling layer, and a SoftMax output layer, with some of the convolutional layers frozen during training. According to the testing statistics, the model's average test accuracy is 98.23%, and the model size is only 95.4 M. For bean borer, soybean poison moth, mite, skewed night moth, stink bug, and bean pod moth, the model's recognition accuracy is 96.4, 97.78, 98.12, 98.4, 99.56, and 99.16, respectively. The results of the experiments show that the method has a high identification efficiency and a good recognition effect.
Pembinaan Makna Semiotik Pembangunan Insan Dari Konteks Akhlak Menerusi Wasiat Luqman Al-Hakim (Construction Of The Semiotic Meaning Of Human Development From The Moral Context Through The Will Of Luqman Al-Hakim)
Authors: Mohd Rafy NurHidayati , Abd Razak Najjah Salwa , Mhd Ramli Mhd Faizal
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, the problem of Muslim personality especially among teenagers has become more serious. Although there are extensive efforts from various parties to overcome it, but moral degradation among youths is increasing. Factors in the occurrence of this problem are due to their lack of appreciation of Islamic education either in the form of faith, worship and moral. These three elements of faith, worship and moral embedded in the will of Luqman al-Hakim (LH) to his son portraying the importance of education towards the nation. This study focuses on moral element expressed by LH as a reflection of the dimension of moral development in the contemporary era. However, the will seems abstract, vague and needs to be clarified in line with contemporary needs from a semiotic point of view. This is because the semiotics of the Qur’an is associated as one of the solutions to represent the new meaning of the LH will. This study analyses the symbols of human development through the will of LH using Peirce theory. This qualitative study uses the method of textual content analysis of LH's will in surah Luqman as the corpus of this study. The data were analysed by referring to three critical elements namely symbol, object and meaning. This study is crucial in the Quranic study because it is related to the representation of the meaning specifically from LH’s will and interpreted from the context of contemporary moral development.
Eriophyoid mite species associated with Acer monspessulanum L. in Urmia region of Iran
Authors: Lotfollahi Parisa , Mohammad-dostaresharaf Mojtaba , Bagheri Mohammad
Published: February 2023

With the aim of obtaining more information about eriophyoid mites of Iran, eriophyoid fauna of Montpellier maples (Acer monspessulanum L.) in Khan valley, Baranduzchay-ye Jonubi Rural District, Urmia county, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran was studied. In total, four eriophyoid species were identified; two of them, Aceria azerbaijaniensis Lotfollahi et Mohammad-Doustaresharaf sp. nov. and Cecidophyes aceressulani Lotfollahi et Mohammad-Doustaresharaf sp. nov., were new in science. A. azerbaijaniensis sp. nov. is the third Aceria species found on Sapindaceae plants in Iran. C. aceressulani sp. nov. is the third Cecidophyes species in Iran and the first Cecidophyes species found on Sapindaceae plants of Iran. In addition, Rhyncaphytoptus saccharini Keifer, 1959 herein was recorded for the first time in Iran.
Morphological ontogeny of Amerobelba decedens (Acari, Oribatida, Amerobelbidae)
Authors: Seniczak Stanisław , Ivan Otilia , Kaczmarek Sławomir , Seniczak Anna
Published: February 2023

The morphological ontogeny of Amerobelba decedens Berlese, 1908 is described and illustrated. In the adult of this species, the bothridial seta is setiform, unilaterally ciliate, notogastral setae are short and barbed, and sexual dimorphism is present on tarsus IV. Most prodorsal setae of juveniles are short and smooth, except for medium-sized ro, barbed in the nymphs. The bothridial seta is long, setiform and barbed in distal part. The gastronotal setae are of medium size and barbed, except for smooth c1 and c2 in all juveniles, and smooth of d-series and short h2 in the larva. Setae c1 and c2 are inserted on large macrosclerite, and other gastronotal setae are inserted on individual microsclerites, except for h2 in the larva. The anal and anogenital regions are reticulate, and adanal setae are inserted on individual microsclerites. The nymphs are quadrideficient and eupheredermous, i.e. they lose setae of d-series and carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars. In this species, seta d accompanies solenidion σ on genu III and φ on tibia III and IV, both in the juveniles and adults. It is a xero-thermophilous species, with one generation per year.
Let’s Hear It From the Kids! Examining the Experiences, Views, and Needs of Highly Committed Children Involved in Youth Sport
Authors: Harris Jennifer J. , Collins Dave , Nash Christine
Published: February 2023

Sport specialization and intensive training programs are becoming increasingly popular, but there is an ongoing debate as to their value. This study explored how children experience arduous, specialized training and whether they find it enjoyable and meaningful. We also examined their perspective of what parental involvement they needed. One hundred three participants filled out an online questionnaire. Results demonstrated that the participants were almost without exception highly committed to their training. They acknowledged the documented downsides, such as long hours, pain, and repetition, but expressed resounding commitment, giving little indication that they looked for change. They admitted that they preferred their parents not to be involved with their coaching and disclosed that showing pride for them was their main wish. This study demonstrates that passion can engender powerful commitment and satisfaction from training that may be sometimes considered by others as too challenging for a young person to undertake.
Hospital Clonal Outbreak of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida parapsilosis Harboring the Y132F ERG11p Substitution in a French Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Presente Simona , Bonnal Christine , Normand Anne-Cécile , Gaudonnet Yannick , Fekkar Arnaud , Timsit Jean-François , Kernéis Solen
Published: February 2023

We report the first identification of a fluconazole-resistant
Candida parapsilosis
(FR-
Cp
) strain in our hospital, which subsequently caused an outbreak involving 17 patients (12 deaths) within a 26-bed French intensive care unit. Microsatellite genotyping confirmed that all FR-
Cp
isolates belonged to the same clone.
A Multistep Science Literacy Training Framework in an Introductory Biology Classroom: Teaching How to Find, Evaluate, Comprehend, and Cite Scientific Evidence
Authors: Sarvary Mark A. , Ruesch Joseph M.
Published: February 2023

Today’s undergraduates are tomorrow’s decision makers. Many of these decisions in biological sciences can influence whether the vaccines for the next pandemic will be effective, whether the mitigation efforts will have any impact on climate change, or whether we can produce enough food for the rapidly increasing human population while fighting the next pest outbreak.
Heat Shock Protein Inhibitors Show Synergistic Antibacterial Effects with Photodynamic Therapy on Caries-Related Streptococci
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Zichen , Ji Yaoting , Liu Danfeng , Zhou Shuhui , Wang Zijun , Chen Rourong , Li Ting , Zhao Boxuan , Yao Hantao , Du Minquan
Published: February 2023

Effective therapies for the prevention and control of caries are urgently needed. Cariogenic streptococci play a key role in the occurrence and progression of caries.
Performance Evaluation of Four Qualitative RT-PCR Assays for the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Munir Riffat , Scott Lesley Erica , Noble Lara Dominique , Steegen Kim , Hans Lucia , Stevens Wendy Susan
Published: February 2023

Laboratory diagnosis plays an important role in curbing the transmission of infection and reducing harmful delays in clinical and public health responses. Alternatives to the current standard of care assays for SARS-CoV-2 are important in order to overcome the challenges that are associated with global demands and supply shortages.
Exposure to Secreted Bacterial Factors Promotes HIV-1 Replication in CD4
+
T Cells
Authors: Znaidia M. , de Souza-Angelo Y. , Létoffé S. , Staropoli I. , Grzelak L. , Ghigo J. M. , Schwartz O. , Casartelli N.
Published: February 2023

People living with HIV suffer from chronic immune activation despite effective antiretroviral therapy. Early after infection, HIV-1 actively replicates in the gut, causing the breakage of the intestinal epithelial barrier and microbial translocation.
Erratum to: Geodynamics of the Russian Arctic Shelf and Relief-Forming Processes in the Central Kara Basin
Authors: Sorokhtin N. O. , Nikiforov S. L. , Ananiev R. A. , Dmitrevskiy N. N. , Moroz E. A. , Sukhih E. A. , Kozlov N. E. , Chikirev I. V. , Fridenberg A. I. , Koluibakin A. A.
Published: February 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437022330013
Media coverage and speculation about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide: a content analysis of UK news
Authors: Marzano Lisa , Hawley Monica , Fraser Lorna , Lainez Yasmine , Marsh James , Hawton Keith
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been much concern and speculation about rises in suicide rates, despite evidence that suicides did not in fact increase in the first year of the pandemic in most countries with real-time suicide data. This public narrative is potentially harmful, as well as misleading, and is likely to be perpetuated by sensational news coverage.

Method

Using a bespoke database, we analysed the quality and content of print and online UK news (including opinion pieces) on the impact of COVID-19 on suicidality, based on adherence to international recommendations. χ2tests were conducted to examine variability in relation to key characteristics (eg, type of publication) and to four ‘restriction phases’ (based on UK government official lockdown measures) over the first 14 months of the pandemic.

Results

We identified 372 stories about COVID-19 and suicidality in online and print news between the first UK lockdown (March 2020) and May 2021 (when restrictions were significantly eased in the UK). Throughout this period, over a third of articles (39.2%) and headlines (41.4%) claimed or predicted a rise in suicide, often attributed to feelings of entrapment and poor mental health (especially among young people) and fueled by expert commentary and speculation. Almost a third of reports were rated as being of negative quality (116, 31.2%), and at least half included no signposting to help and support. However, reporting improved in phases of less stringent COVID-19 restrictions and over time, with later articles and headlines including fewer negative statements and predictions about rises in suicides, and greater reliance on academic evidence.

Conclusions

As the longer-term consequences of the pandemic develop, and other national and global events unfold, it is increasingly important that the media, and the wider community of experts shaping its narratives, strive for a positive and evidence-informed approach to news coverage of suicide.
Exploring the similarities and differences of variables collected by burn registers globally: protocol for a data dictionary review study
Authors: Bebbington Emily , Miles Joanna , Peck Michael , Singer Yvonne , Dunn Ken , Young Amber
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Burn registers can provide high-quality clinical data that can be used for surveillance, research, planning service provision and clinical quality assessment. Many countrywide and intercountry burn registers now exist. The variables collected by burn registers are not standardised internationally. Few international burn register data comparisons are completed beyond basic morbidity and mortality statistics. Data comparisons across registers require analysis of homogenous variables. Little work has been done to understand whether burn registers have sufficiently similar variables to enable useful comparisons. The aim of this project is to compare the variables collected in countrywide and intercountry burn registers internationally to understand their similarities and differences.

Methods and analysis

Burn register custodians will be invited to participate in the study and to share their register data dictionaries. Study objectives are to compare patient inclusion and exclusion criteria of each participating burn register; determine which variables are collected by each register, and if variables are required or optional, identify common variable themes; and compare a sample of variables to understand how they are defined and measured. All variable names will be extracted from each register and common themes will be identified. Detailed information will be extracted for a sample of variables to give a deeper insight into similarities and differences between registers.

Ethics and dissemination

No patient data will be used in this project. Permission to use each register’s data dictionary will be sought from respective register custodians. Results will be presented at international meetings and published in open access journals. These results will be of interest to register custodians and researchers wishing to explore international data comparisons, and countries wishing to establish their own burn register.
Determinants of information needs in patients with coronary artery disease receiving cardiac rehabilitation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Tenbult Nicole , Asten Isabelle van , Traa Simone , Brouwers Rutger W M , Spee Ruud F , Lu Yuan , Brini Alberto , Kop Willem , Kemps Hareld
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Knowledge on information needs in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients is scarce. This study investigates determinants of information needs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Design

Prospective observational study.

Participants

A total of 259 patients participated.

Setting

CR centre serving a general hospital in The Netherlands.

Methods

Patients with a coronary event and/or revascularisation referred for CR completed questionnaires assessing their level of information needs with respect to nutrition, physical activity, smoking, medication use and psychological well-being, and potential determinants of information needs (sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy, illness perceptions, anxiety, depression, Type D personality and quality of life).

Results

The majority (63%) of patients indicated a need for information on at least one of the four topics (nutrition, physical activity, medication use, psychological well-being), with considerable inter-individual variation. Female sex, being employed, higher socioeconomic status, higher levels of anxiety and higher illness perception were associated with higher information needs on specific topics.

Conclusions

The majority of CR patients with CAD have a need for information, with considerable inter-individual variability. Several demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics were related to their preference for information topics. These results underline the need for personalised information strategies in patients undergoing CR.
Lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease: evolution over three decades
Authors: Leong Swee W , Bos Saskia , Lordan James L , Nair Arun , Fisher Andrew J , Meachery Gerard
Published: February 2023

Background

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has emerged as the most common indication for lung transplantation globally. However, post-transplant survival varies depending on the underlying disease phenotype and comorbidities. This study aimed to describe the demographics, disease classification, outcomes and factors associated with post-transplant survival in a large single-centre cohort.

Methods

Data were retrospectively assessed for 284 recipients who underwent lung transplantation for ILD in our centre between 1987 and 2020. Patient characteristics and outcomes were stratified by three eras: 1987–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020.

Results

Median patients’ age at time of transplantation was significantly higher in the most recent decade (56 (51–61) years, p<0.0001). Recipients aged over 50 years had worse overall survival compared with younger patients (adjusted HR, aHR 2.36, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.72, p=0.0001). Better survival was seen with bilateral versus single lung transplantation in patients younger than 50 years (log-rank p=0.0195). However, this survival benefit was no longer present in patients aged over 50 years. Reduced survival was observed in fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which remained the most common indication throughout (aHR 2.61, 95% CI 1.40 to 4.60, p=0.0015).

Conclusion

In patients transplanted for end-stage ILD, older age and fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia were associated with poorer post-transplant survival. The benefit of bilateral over single lung transplantation diminished with increasing age, suggesting that single lung transplantation might still be a feasible option in older candidates.
Lipid droplets’ functional protein caveolin-2 is associated with lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT marker E-cadherin in oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Chen Xiao-Jie , Bai Yu-Ting , Xie Ji-Rong , Zhou Gang
Published: February 2023

Aims

To explore the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and its relationship with lipid metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the carcinogenesis processes in the oral cavity.

Methods

LDs were stained by oil red O. Forty-eight oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 78 oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and 25 normal tissue sections were included to explore the LDs surface protein caveolin-2 and perilipin-3, lipid metabolism-related molecule FABP5 and EMT biomarker E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemical staining.

Results

The accumulation of LDs was observed in OPMDs and OSCCs compared with normal tissues (p<0.05). In general, an increasing trend of caveolin-2, perilipin-3 and FABP5 expression was detected from the normal to OPMDs to OSCC groups (p<0.05). Additionally, caveolin-2, perilipin-3 and FABP5 expression were positively correlated with epithelial dysplasia in OPMDs, whereas E-cadherin positivity was negatively correlated with histopathological grade in both OPMDs and OSCC, respectively. A negative correlation of caveolin-2 (p<0.01, r =−0.1739), and FABP5 (p<0.01, r =−0.1880) with E-cadherin expression was detected. The caveolin-2 (p<0.0001, r=0.2641) and perilipin-3 (p<0.05, r=0.1408) staining was positively correlated with FABP5. Increased caveolin-2 expression was related to local recurrence and worse disease-free survival (p<0.05).

Conclusion

In the oral epithelial carcinogenesis process, LDs begin to accumulate early in the precancerous stage. LDs may be the regulator of FABP5-associated lipid metabolism and may closely related to the process of EMT; caveolin-2 could be the main functional protein.
Social and therapeutic horticulture as a palliative care intervention
Authors: Pilgrem Elisabeth
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Social and therapeutic horticulture (STH) is little known in palliative care. This evaluation sets out to explore the effectiveness of STH in relieving distress, managing symptoms and supporting people with advanced and terminal illness to live well throughout each stage of the disease trajectory.

Methods

STH was provided for 218 patients in an indoor hospice setting during a 2-year period (April 2018 to March 2020). Nature-based interventions, such as potting up plants, floristry and creating miniature gardens, were adapted for all participants to create a nature connection experience while indoors. The Distress Thermometer (DT) was used to measure perceived distress before and after each session, and patients’ reports of their subjective experience were recorded verbatim.

Results

Results showed a statistically significant reduction in DT scores of between 54% and 60%. Patients also self-reported an improvement in quality of life and well-being and in management of symptoms including a reduction in pain.

Conclusions

This evaluation shows that STH is effective in relieving distress in palliative care and may be considered a valued therapeutic intervention. The findings can inform planning within hospices and palliative care settings to enhance the care of patients and their family members.
Homocysteine impedes neurite outgrowth recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage by downregulating pCAMK2A
Authors: Guo Guangyu , Yang Jingfei , Guo Wenliang , Deng Hong , Yu Haihan , Bai Shuang , Li Gaigai , Tang Yingxin , Zhang Ping , Xu Yuming , Pan Chao , Tang Zhouping
Published: February 2023

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is independently associated with poorer long-term prognosis in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH); however, the effect and mechanisms of HHcy on ICH are still unclear. Here, we evaluated neurite outgrowth and neurological functional recovery using simulated models of ICH with HHcy in vitro and in vivo. We found that the neurite outgrowth velocity and motor functional recovery in the ICH plus HHcy group were significantly slower than that in the control group, indicating that homocysteine (Hcy) significantly impedes the neurite outgrowth recovery after ICH. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic data and signalome analysis of perihematomal brain tissues suggested that calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) kinase substrate pairs were significantly downregulated in ICH with HHcy compared with autologous blood injection only, both western blot and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this finding. Additionally, upregulation of pCAMK2A significantly increased neurite outgrowth recovery in ICH with HHcy. Collectively, we clarify the mechanism of HHcy-hindered neurite outgrowth recovery, and pCAMK2A may serve as a therapeutic strategy for promoting neurological recovery after ICH.
Multiscale structural characterizations of anisotropic natural granite residual soil
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Zhang Xianwei , Kong Lingwei , Wang Gang , Li Chengsheng
Published: February 2023

While the anisotropy of sedimentary soil—particularly the underlying role of soil structure—is well understood, similar knowledge about granite residual soil formed by weathering is scarce. In particular, the evolution of soil structure during the hollow cylinder torsional shear tests (among the most appropriate for studying soil strength anisotropy) remains largely unknown. This study systematically investigates the multiscale structural properties of granite residual soil using stereo microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and computed tomography. Furthermore, the structural evolution during hollow cylinder torsional shear tests is traced. Results indicate the strength anisotropy of residual soil is associated with horizontal fissures which cause low shear strength when the soil is sheared with a principal stress direction of 45°. The cementation via Fe is characterized by a uniform distribution. Different evolutionary patterns are observed for soils within the shear band, inside the necking area, and in other regions. It is not always the case that particles are rearranged with their long axis perpendicular to the major principal stress. This study improves the understanding of natural residual soil structure and provides some insights into its anisotropic behavior.
Soret and Dufour effects on MHD nanofluid flow of blood through a stenosed artery with variable viscosity
Authors: Mishra Nidhish K. , Sharma Madhu , Sharma B. K. , Khanduri Umesh
Published: February 2023

This study deals with the effects of Soret and Dufour on MHD nanofluid flow through a composite stenosed artery having temperature-dependent viscosity. To determine the radiation effect in the energy equation, the Rosseland approximation has been considered in this study. The Reynolds viscosity model has been considered to describe the influence of temperature dependent viscosity. The governing equations of the model are solved numerically by applying “Finite Difference Method”. The effects of the above-mentioned parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration along the radial axis have been studied and are physically interpreted for medical applications. Shear stress, heat transfer and mass transfer effects have been examined. The heat and mass transfer effects are studied using the Nusselt number and Sherwood number, respectively. Shear stress, Sherwood number and Nusselt number are analyzed with the help of graphs for different physical parameters along with the height of stenosis. Temperature increases with the Soret number as thermophoretic diffusion increases due to temperature gradient and decreases with the Dufour number as concentration gradient causes a decrease in energy flux. In this paper, we studied the CuNPs with blood as a base fluid under an external magnetic field. CuNPs are of great interest for many reasons, including low cost and easy availability and their similar properties to those of noble metals like silver, gold, etc. Recently, biological applications of CuNPs have been considered for several usages, such as drug delivery, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and novel therapeutic agents for combating other diseases. Enhancement in the copper nanoparticle volume fraction resulted in an increase in the thermal conductivity and dissipation of heat throughout the stenosed artery resulted in a decline of the temperature profile. This study contributes to the understanding of the nonsurgical treatment of stenosis and other anomalies, as well as the minimization of post-operative complications. Further, these studies may be helpful in the biomedical field such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to take the image of an artery to locate the abnormalities in the artery.
New exact solutions to space–time fractional telegraph equation with conformable derivative
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Rani Mehwish , Dragomir Silvestru Sever , Akgul Ali
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we extract variety of new exact traveling wave solutions of space–time fractional nonlinear Telegraph equation for transmission lines by using improved generalized Riccati equation mapping (IGREM) method. The aforementioned equation has been solved for the first time using conformable fractional derivative. The nonlinear Telegraph equation plays crucial role in the mathematical study of voltage and current on an electrical transmission line. In an effort to motivate the researchers, we have used very efficacious technique called IGREM method to find a variety of soliton solutions, in which appropriate conformable fractional wave transformation converts nonlinear partial fractional differential equation into nonlinear ordinary equation which is then solved to find the exact solutions of equation. Hence, we succeed in constructing rich solutions that include periodic wave, singular periodic wave solutions, dark, combined dark–bright and rational solutions. To investigate wave profiles of various solutions, 2D and 3D graphs have been explained. The originality of this work has been proved by comparing the obtained results with previously present results in literature. This method has substantial advantage over other methods that it can be used to solve higher order nonlinear PDEs, and this method allows to solve these equations more conveniently with the aid of mathematical software.
Decreasing the aggregation and ligand redox potential of metallophthalocyanines through branched ether functionalization
Authors: McKearney Declan , Zhou Wen , Scollon Myles , Furuyama Taniyuki , Williams Vance E. , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: February 2023

The addition of ether functional groups to a metallophthalocyanine ring is known to significantly decrease the oxidation potentials of the ring. In this light, the impact of the branching of alkyl-ether groups on the electronic properties was investigated via the synthesis of non-peripheral ([Formula: see text]-substituted n-butyl (1), iso-butyl (2) and sec-butyl (3) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxyphthalocyanines, in conjunction with Co and Cu metal centers. From 1 to 3 the first and second ring-based oxidation potentials were decreased by 70 mV and 110 mV respectively both for Cu and Co-containing complexes; the UV-visible Q-band maxima only changed by 4-8 nm, consistent with the destabilization of both the HOMO and LUMO, as confirmed by TD-DFT calculations. The reversibility of both redox couples was improved via branching (3) for the Co complexes. All six complexes were structurally characterized, with varying levels and types of ring distortions. All molecules show 1-D supramolecular stacking, but for n-butoxy 1Co an intermolecular Co-O interaction aligns the molecular stacks, while for sec-butoxy 3Co only [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] stacking of the Pc-ring was present. Both 3Co and 3Cu were ring-oxidized at lower potentials than 1Co and 1Cu, and the increased steric bulk from the branched ether chains prevented the overlap of their N8C8 inner rings.