bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wandering Fests
Authors: Grocott Lisa , Jones Stacy Holman , Sand Anne-Lene , Skovbjerg Helle Maria , Sumartojo Shanti
Published: March 2023

Based on a number of PhD workshops called Wandering Feasts, in collaboration between Monash University and Design School Kolding, this article explores academic writing as both a mode and a method of inquiry. The article both points to and performs five creative-relational orientations to alternative academic writing: Performativity in challenging dominant ways of knowing and representing knowledge in the academy; emergence as mindfully holding open ideas of purpose and destination in favour of not-knowing; reciprocity in collectively creating charged encounters that spark new ways of knowing; improvisation in building social space where we felt comfortable jamming and givenness as a fundamental playfulness in which an academic community nurtures the courage to give–of ourselves. The article is in itself a manifestation of exploration writing in a playful and loosely defined process.
Developing an Efficient System with Mask R-CNN for Agricultural Applications
Authors: Jabir Brahim , El Moutaouakil Khalid , Falih Noureddine
Published: March 2023

In order to meet the world's demand for food production, farmers and producers have improved and increased their agricultural production capabilities, leading to a profit acceleration in the field. However, this growth has also caused significant environmental damage due to the widespread use of herbicides. Weeds competing with crops result in lower crop yields and a 30% increase in losses. To rationalize the use of these herbicides, it would be more effective to detect the presence of weeds before application, allowing for the selection of the appropriate herbicide and application only in areas where weeds are present. The focus of this paper is to define a pipeline for detecting weeds in images through the use of a Mask R-CNN-based weed classification and segmentation module. The model was initially trained locally on our machine, but limitations and issues with training time prompted the team to switch to cloud solutions for training.
Sensor Data Gathering for Innovative Climatic System for Effective Water and Nutrient Management
Authors: Kepka Michal , Černý Lukáš , Musil Marek , Křivánek Zbyněk
Published: March 2023

Climate change is having a major impact on various sectors such as agriculture and water management due to changes in the distribution of rainfall. Mitigation of climate change impacts can be achieved through early detection of these changes by monitoring systems and the adoption of appropriate adaptation measures. One of the main goals is to design and develop a next generation monitoring and alerting system to support the optimization of water and soil nutrient management in agricultural domain. Sensors and sensor data management play an important in this kind of monitoring systems. A complete sensor data chain was developed based on modern wireless sensor networks and IoT technologies that covers the data gathering up to the data publication by interoperable interfaces. The monitoring system was tested on vineyards in pilot localities in Czech Republic and in Argentina.
FDA-APPROVED MOLECULAR TESTS USED TO DEFINE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) INFECTIONS WHICH CAUSE CERVIX CANCER
Authors: ÇALI Abdulhamit , ASLAN Rukiye , ÇELİK Cem , ALİM Ahmet
Published: March 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped, commonly sexually transmitted virus with icosahedral symmetry and double-stranded circular DNA. Its genome, which is about 8 kb in size, encodes early genes (E1-8) and two late structural capsid genes (L1 and L2). Among the genes that play a role in viral pathogenesis, L1, E6, and E7 genes frequently exist. The E6 and E7 viral genes have a significant role in apoptosis inhibition, viral spread, development of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), cell immortalization, neoplastic transformation, and invasive cancer.

Demonstration of the relationship between cervical cancer and HPV infections has led to increased interest in this subject and the classification of some HPV genotypes in the high-risk group (HR-HPV) for cervical cancer. Numerous commercial molecular tests have been developed for the identification of HPV genotypes involving different approaches. HPV molecular tests approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include Hybrid Capture® 2 (HC2), Cervista™, cobas®, Aptima®, and BD Onclarity™. This article reviews the methodologies, limitations, and commonalities of five FDA-approved tests. The HC2 and Cervista™ tests use non-PCR-based signal amplification methods, while the cobas® and BD Onclarity™ tests use PCR-based target amplification methods. On the other hand, the Aptima® test uses the mRNA transcriptional mediated amplification (TMA) method.

Each of these methods used in the diagnosis and follow-up of HPV has its strengths and weaknesses. These HPV molecular tests have high sensitivity and specificity. They are also more automated and repeatable than cytological methods. In addition to these advantages, there are also several limitations. Because of these limitations, molecular tests are no more perfect than cytological tests. This situation shows that these tests should not be used alone in the evaluation of HPV infections and cancer identification. On the contrary, HPV test results should be correlated with cytology or biopsy findings.
Epidemic Diseases, Biological Weapons, and the Relationship of Religion with COVID-19
Authors: ALİM Ahmet , ASLAN Rukiye
Published: March 2023

As a result of the spread of the COVID-19 virus all over the world, starting from China in 2019, curiosity about the course of the epidemics that took place in history has increased. Many epidemics have occurred in history, and many different precautions have been taken against these diseases. Islam is a religion based on hygiene and cleanliness, both physically and spiritually. In the history of Islam, Hz. Prophet has many advice about the precautions to be taken against epidemics. In addition to epidemics in the world, another factor that affects people both physiologically and psychologically and is released in a controlled manner is the microorganisms used as biological weapons. These weapons cause more chaos and terror than epidemics. Moreover, even small amounts are enough to destroy millions of people. COVID-19 is the last pandemic in the world, and its effects are still ongoing. Although some people claim that this virus is a biological weapon programmed in the laboratory, genetic sequencing has proven it to be a natural virus.
Resposta aos desastres de mineração: mudanças legislativas e regulatórias em matéria de segurança de barragens
Authors: Pires da Silva Clarissa , Vaz Guimarães de Araújo Suely Mara
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo retrata a evolução da legislação brasileira federal frente aos desastres envolvendo barragens de mineração entre os anos de 2001 a 2020. O foco central deste trabalho foi responder “como o cenário legislativo federal brasileiro tem reagido diante dos desastres no setor de mineração?” A metodologia de pesquisa utilizou pesquisa histórica e documental. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se compreender: quais medidas foram instituídas pela legislação pós-desastres; se as medidas foram relevantes; como se deu a dinâmica de tais alterações (quais órgãos estiveram envolvidos e quais foram as contribuições da sociedade); em que prazo ocorreram as mudanças; e, finalmente, se foi possível afirmar que houve aprendizado orientado a políticas públicas. Em conclusão, os resultados demonstraram que o Brasil respondeu aos desastres criando e incrementando a legislação posta, sobretudo no que tange aos aspectos técnicos e de monitoramentos de barragens. As mudanças, em geral, denotam melhoria nas normas, mas verificou-se que ainda há espaço necessário a ser preenchido nesse sentido, principalmente nos aspectos relacionados à fiscalização pelos órgãos competentes.
The ambivalent affordances of humour in capitalist organizations
Authors: Zekavat Massih
Published: March 2023

Responding to concerns raised by Michael Billig (2018) regarding the functions of humour in capitalist organisations, this essay strives to convey how humour and satire can have liberating and empowering affordances for subjects in organisational contexts as they can potentially intervene in the negotiation and exercise of power through fostering negative dialectical thinking and estrangement. Revisiting the scepticism of Marcuse, Fromm, Horkheimer and Adorno toward humour, it strives to provide an initial theoretical framework to accommodate a more nuanced understanding of the functions of humour in power structures by locating it within the contingencies acknowledged by Frankfurt School critical theorists. Although humour can be co-opted to serve power and consolidate the status quo, it can also serve as a potential resistance strategy in capitalist societies and organisations.
Seasonal and longitudinal water quality dynamics in three effluent-dependent rivers in Arizona
Authors: Hamdhani Hamdhani , Eppehimer Drew E. , Quanrud David M. , Bogan Michael T.
Published: March 2023

Effluent-fed streams, which receive inputs from wastewater treatment plants, are becoming increasingly common across the globe as urbanization intensifies. In semi-arid and arid regions, where many natural streams have dried up due to over extraction of water, many streams rely completely on treated effluent to sustain baseflow during dry seasons. These systems are often thought of as ‘second-class’ or highly disturbed stream ecosystems, but they have the potential to serve as refuges for native aquatic biota if water quality is high, especially in areas where few natural habitats remain. In this study, we investigated seasonal and longitudinal water quality dynamics at multiple sites across six reaches of three effluent-dependent rivers in Arizona (USA) with the objective (1) to quantify changes in effluent water quality due to distance traveled and season/climate and (2) to qualify whether water quality conditions in these systems are sufficient to support native aquatic species. Study reaches ranged in length from 3 to 31 km and in geographic setting from low desert to montane conifer forest. We observed the lowest water quality conditions (e.g., elevated temperature and low dissolved oxygen) during the summer in low desert reaches, and significantly greater natural remediation of water quality in longer vs. shorter reaches for several factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia. Nearly all sites met or exceeded water quality conditions needed to support robust assemblages of native species across multiple seasons. However, our results also indicated that temperature (max 34.2 °C), oxygen levels (min 2.7 mg/L) and ammonia concentrations (max 5.36 mg/L N) may occasionally be stressful for sensitive taxa at sites closest to effluent outfalls. Water quality conditions may be a concern during the summer. Overall, effluent-dependent streams have the capacity to serve as refuges for native biota in Arizona, and they may become the only aquatic habitat available in many urbanizing arid and semi-arid regions.
Impact of Diet on Serum Lipids, Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Non HDL-c in Pre and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Janice DSA , Prathima Mangalore Balakrishna , Chandrika N , . Sushith , Manooja Mary , Kiran PK Kumar , Nair Suriyan , Reshma Sridhar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Menopause is an inevitable phase of a woman’s natural ageing process, marked by cessation of ovarian function. Hormonal changes during the phase causes derangement of lipid metabolism and thereby increasing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Diet plays a major role in influencing serum lipids. Aim: To determine and compare lipid profile, Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and non High-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in pre and postmenopausal women based on vegetarian and non vegetarian diet. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 92 women (46 were premenopausal and 46 were postmenopausal) carried out at AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India between December 2019-May 2020. The groups were further divided into vegetarian and non vegetarians. Fasting lipid profile was determined by enzymatic methods. AIP and non HDL levels were calculated. Comparison of means between two groups was done using student t-test. Association between categorical variables was analysed using Chi-square test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: Serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c), AIP and non HDL-c levels were LDL-c and HDL-c was high (184.09±17.49, 131.96±9.49, 106.00±20.92, 26.46±1.96, 0.05±0.07, 132.45±22.39 and 51.64±5.88, respectively) in vegetarians compared to non vegetarians in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, similar pattern was observed with regards to serum TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, AIP, non HDL-c and HDL-c in vegetarians and non vegetarians (p<0.05). An alarming proportion of non vegetarian postmenopausal women showed “very high” TC (91.3%), “low” HDL-c (56.5%), “very high” LDL-c (69.6%) and “high-risk” AIP (91.3%). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that all lipid parameters, AIP and non HDL-c were higher in non vegetarians except HDL-c in pre and postmenopausal women. Relevant dietary recommendations can be given to premenopausal women to promote positive health outcomes and alleviate cardiovascular risk.
An Evaluation of a Marginal Land’s Geological Engineering Properties in Borikiri Sandfill, Port Harcourt Nigeria
Authors: Morrison Tammy , Esonanjor Erefama Ekine
Published: March 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the geological engineering properties of                                  a marginal land in Borikiri Sandfill, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, using both field and laboratory investigations.

Study Design: The study design involved the drilling of 4 boreholes and standard penetration tests to determine the soil profile and index properties such as particle size analysis, atterberg limits, and moisture content. Consolidation and triaxial tests were also performed to determine the values of the coefficients of permeability (k), volume compressibility (Mv), and consolidation (Cv).

Place and Duration of Study: The Study was conducted in Borikiri Sandfill, Port Harcourt between February and May 2020.

Methods: This study's methodology included field research, laboratory analysis, and testing. Drilling and conventional penetration tests were used to assess the soil profile. Laboratory tests such as particle size analysis, atterberg limits, and moisture content were used to determine the index characteristics. The values of permeability (k), volume compressibility (Mv), and consolidation (Cv) were also determined using triaxial and consolidation tests.

Results: The results of the study showed that the soil profile consists of five stratigraphic sequences, with a top organic silty layer followed by a sandy layer, a dark plastic layer, a dark silty clayey sand, and a well-graded sand. The clays had an average Liquid limit (LL) of 45% and a Plastic Limit (PL) value of 23%. The values of k, Mv, and Cv were determined to be 2.1 x 10-7 m/s, 1.8 x 10-4–2.5 x 10-4 m2/MN, and 3.8 m2/yr, respectively. The average bearing capacity values at 2.5 m and 4.5 m depths were determined to be 186.39 kPa and 278.71 kPa, respectively. Settlement values were calculated empirically for immediate and consolidation settlement, with immediate settlement being high at 25.85 mm and consolidated settlement being 7.53mm. T50 and T90 values were also determined to be 1.32 and 4.52 years, respectively.

Conclusion: It is recommended that a shallow foundation, down to the first layer, can be used for any light construction on the marginal land in Borikiri Sandfill, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The values of k, Mv, and Cv also indicate that the soil is relatively compressible, which should be taken into account in any design or construction activities.
The Influence of Bank Health Level with RGEC on Bank Financial Performance
Authors: Basuki Agus Tri , Sabilla Nadia
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of Bank RGEC's health indicators on bank financial performance at commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). In this study, a sample of 43 banks was used. The sampling method in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used in this study uses dynamic panel data analysis Error Correction Model. The results of the analysis that has been carried out show that Non Performing Loans (NPL) have a negative and significant effect on bank financial performance (ROA), Good Corporate Governance does not have a significant effect on bank financial performance (ROA), Net Interest Margin (NIM) has a positive influence and significant to the bank's financial performance (ROA), and the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has no significant effect on the bank's financial performance (ROA).
Assessment of Water Quality in Ganga River Ghats of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Y. V. , Bharteey Prem Kumar , Singh Kajal , Borah Sanjib Ranjan , Kumar Ashok , Pal Sudhir , Barla Francis Xavier
Published: March 2023

Water is the most vital biosphere component since it sustains all life, circulates and cycles nutrients. Water is also necessary for power generation, navigation, agricultural irrigation and sewage disposal. The increasing water demand is a result of the rising population and industrialization and has severely compromised water quality. Water quality assessment is the most important process for evaluating the chemical characteristics of water bodies. To assess whether the water is suitable for a variety of uses after locating any pollutants, contaminants, or other potentially hazardous compounds that may be present in the water. A systematic study was conducted to assess the water quality in the Ganga river in the Ghats of Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India, from January to March 2019. The assessment involves water samples from different Ghats along the river, namely Babua Pandey Ghat (G1), Digpatia Ghat (G2), Chausatti Ghat (G3), Ranamahal Ghat (G4), and Darbhanga Ghat (G5). The analytical data from various physico-chemical parameters indicates that the pH values were found to be near neutral, electrical conductivity (EC) did not differ significantly, Ca+Mg varied from 22.80 to 28.40 mg/L, Cl- was found to be 2.40 to 3.20 mg/L, Na+ varied from 1.0 to 1.10 mg/L, K+ and SO42- showed a similar trend, TS was varied from 400 to 1200 mg/L, DO varied from 5.80 to 7.30 mg/L, COD varied from 16.0 to 22.40 mg/L, NO3- varied from 25.27 to 29.60 mg/L, B varied from 4.90 to 5.80 mg/L, SAR is 0.27 to 0.33 mg/L, The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) has been considered to assess the suitability for drinking and other purposes and  It concluded that some of the parameters were almost constant for all the five Ghats samples, like Na+ and K+ content, while other parameters varied. Out of thirteen parameters, only three (NO3-, B, and Cl-) showed an increasing trend.
Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Microbial Population in Soil, Yield and Economics in Wet Direct Seeded Rice
Authors: Shukla Aditya , Verma Anil , Shukla Akanksha , Verma Sandeep
Published: March 2023

An experiment had been conducted at the Agronomy Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) in the kharif season of 2019, to determine the effects of integrated weed management practices on microbial population in soil, yield and economics in wet direct seeded rice. Pre-emergence herbicides (Oxadiargyl and Pretilachlor) were followed by post-emergence herbicide (Bispyribac-Na), mechanical and manual weeding. Plots treated with oxadiargyl performed better than pretilachlor. When Oxadiargyl was integrated with Hand Weeding (HW) at 35 days after sowing (DAS) gave results which were better than twice HW plot (T10). Oxadiargyl @ 70g/ha at 7-11 DAS fb HW at 30-35 DAS (T4) proved to be superior over all the treatments when yield and economics of wet direct seeded rice was concerned and was statistically at par with twice HW plot (T10) and oxadiargyl @ 70 g/ha at 7-11 DAS fb bispyribac-Na @ 25 g/ha at 30-35 DAS (T2). The unsprayed and two-hand weeding treatments had much lower levels of fungi, actinobacteria, and bacteria than the other weed control methods. The herbicidal treatments had much higher microbial populations at all stages of observation.
WEBSITE BERBASIS KONSEP SENSE OF PLACE PASAR KREATIF KAWASAN PARIWISATA
Authors: Kusumowidagdo Astrid , Rembulan Cicilia Larasati , Rahadiyanti Melania , Wardhani Dyah Kusuma , Anggrianto Stevanus Christian
Published: March 2023

Preservasi Sense of Place atau keunikan lokal pada pasar pariwisata dengan produk-produk kreatif penting dilakukan untuk pembangunan pariwisata Indonesia. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memotret keunikan lokal dari berbagai daerah dan menyajikannya secara modern dalam bentuk website. Harapannya, website ini dapat memudahkan calon turis untuk mengenal keindahan pariwisata Indonesia. Proses aktivitas dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu proses eksplorasi pasar kreatif dan proses desain website. Proses eksplorasi pasar kreatif dilakukan secara kualitatif pada lokasi-lokasi pasar di seluruh Indonesia dan proses desain website dilakukan dengan proses design thinking untuk menghasilkan website yang dapat optimal dipergunakan. Hasil dari perancangan website telah melalui uji coba terbatas dan mendapatkan nilai cukup baik. Proses pengabdian masyarakat melalui website berbasis konsep sense of place pasar kreatif kawasan pariwisata telah tuntas dikerjakan. Beberapa hal yang perlu ditindaklanjuti yaitu eksplorasi pengembangan website dari segi fitur-fitur, misalnya penambahan lokasi-lokasi lain di Indonesia untuk melengkapi website ini. Selain itu perlu ada diversifikasi pengabdian dalam bentuk perancangan teknologi terkait obyek, seperti aplikasi yang dapat meningkatkan penjualan industri kreatif dan meningkatkan awareness pada pariwisata Indonesia. Selanjutnya, dapat dikembangkan fitur interaktif, berbasis virtual reality yang dapat menggambarkan kondisi asli sehingga pengunjung dapat menikmati pengalaman visual langsung, dan dapat pula dilengkapi dengan event yang aktual.
Does Insulin Price Reduction Suggest a Path Forward for Lowering Drug Costs?
Authors: Brennan Troyen
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint investigates whether political pressure such as that used to decrease insulin pricing is a feasible method of lowering the cost of other drugs.
A Pinpoint Orifice on the Glans Penis of a Young Man
Authors: Hasbún Catalina , Wortsman Ximena , Navarrete Jorge
Published: March 2023

A man in his 30s presents with a 14-year history of purulent penile discharge that has not responded to antibiotics or corticosteroids. A pinpoint orifice is found on the glans penis. What is your diagnosis?
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Psoriasis Severity in Patients With Lower-Range Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels
Authors: Jenssen Marita , Furberg Anne-Sofie , Jorde Rolf , Wilsgaard Tom , Danielsen Kjersti
Published: March 2023

Importance

Topical vitamin D analogues are routine treatment for psoriasis, but the effect of oral supplementation has not been established.

Objective

To examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on psoriasis severity throughout the winter.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 2 parallel groups was performed through 2 winter seasons (2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019). Randomization was computer generated. All participants, health care clinicians, and outcome assessors were masked to group assignment. Each participant was followed for 4 months. The presented analyses were conducted in May 2022. The trial was conducted at the clinical research unit of the University Hospital of North Norway (Tromsø; Norway). Adults from the general population in Tromsø with active plaque psoriasis and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels of less than 24 ng/mL (to convert to nmol/L, multiply by 2.496) were included.

Intervention

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 100 000 IU, loading dose, followed by 20 000 IU/week) or placebo for 4 months.

Main outcomes and Measures

Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) (primary outcome), Physician Global Assessment, self-administered PASI, and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores (secondary outcomes).

Results

A total of 122 participants (46 women [37.7%]; mean [SD] age, 53.6 [10.0] years; mean [SD] PASI score, 3.1 [2.0]; mean [SD] serum 25(OH)D, 14.9 [3.9] ng/mL) were included. Of these, 60 (49.2%) were randomized to the vitamin D group and 62 (50.8%) to the placebo group. A total of 120 participants (59 vitamin D [49.2%]/61 placebo [51.8%]) completed the study. By completion, mean (SD) 25(OH)D levels were 29.7 (5.2) ng/mL (vitamin D) and 12.0 (3.8) ng/mL (placebo). There was no significant difference in change in PASI score between the groups (adjusted difference, 0.11; 95% CI, −0.23 to 0.45). There was no significant difference in change in Physician Global Assessment score (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.27-1.63), self-administered PASI (adjusted difference, −0.60; 95% CI, −1.76 to 0.55) or Dermatology Life Quality Index (adjusted difference, −0.86; 95% CI, −1.9 to 0.19) between the groups. No adverse effects of the intervention were registered.

Conclusion and Relevance

The results of this randomized clinical trial showed that vitamin D supplementation did not affect psoriasis severity. Low baseline severity scores may explain the lack of measurable effect. Levels of 25(OH)D in the intervention group increased to a less-than-expected degree based on previous experimental data from the same source population, and this may have affected the results.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03334136
Association of Body Surface Area With Access to Deceased Donor Liver Transplant and Novel Allocation Policies
Authors: Kling Catherine E. , Biggins Scott W. , Bambha Kiran M. , Feld Lauren D. , Perkins John H. , Reyes Jorge D. , Perkins James D.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Small waitlist candidates are significantly less likely than larger candidates to receive a liver transplant.

Objective

To investigate the magnitude of the size disparity and test potential policy solutions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A decision analytical model was generated to match liver transplant donors to waitlist candidates based on predefined body surface area (BSA) ratio limits (donor BSA divided by recipient BSA). Participants included adult deceased liver transplant donors and waitlist candidates in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from June 18, 2013, to March 20, 2020. Data were analyzed from January 2021 to September 2021.

Exposures

Candidates were categorized into 6 groups according to BSA from smallest (group 1) to largest (group 6). Waitlist outcomes were examined. A match run was created for each donor under the current acuity circle liver allocation policy, and the proportion of candidates eligible for a liver based on BSA ratio was calculated. Novel allocation models were then tested.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Time on the waitlist, assigned Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and proportion of patients undergoing a transplant were compared by BSA group. Modeling under the current allocation policies was used to determine baseline access to transplant by group. Simulation of novel allocation policies was performed to examine change in access.

Results

There were 41 341 donors (24 842 [60.1%] male and 16 499 [39.9%] female) and 84 201 waitlist candidates (53 724 [63.8%] male and 30 477 [36.2%] female) in the study. The median age of the donors was 42 years (IQR, 28-55) and waitlist candidates, 57 years (IQR, 50-63). Females were overrepresented in the 2 smallest BSA groups (7100 [84.0%] and 7922 [61.1%] in groups 1 and 2, respectively). For each increase in group number, waitlist time decreased (234 days [IQR, 48-700] for group 1 vs 179 days [IQR, 26-503] for group 6; P < .001) and the proportion of the group undergoing transplant likewise improved (3890 [46%] in group 1 vs 4932 [57%] in group 6; P < .001). The smallest 2 groups of candidates were disadvantaged under the current acuity circle allocation model, with 37% and 7.4% fewer livers allocated relative to their proportional representation on the waitlist. Allocation of the smallest 10% of donors (by BSA) to the smallest 15% of candidates overcame this disparity, as did performing split liver transplants.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, liver waitlist candidates with the smallest BSAs had a disadvantage due to size. Prioritizing allocation of smaller liver donors to smaller candidates may help overcome this disparity.
The Challenges of Implementing Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering in Studies of Biological Systems
Authors: Królikowska Agata , Witkowski Marcin , Piotrowski Piotr
Published: March 2023

The power of
surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
(
SERS
) in bioanalytics arises from the plasmonic amplification of vibration signals and the use of nanostructures allowing for miniaturization of the sensing platform. SERS spectroscopy also inherits intrinsic advantages of Raman scattering: vibrational fingerprint distinctive for every molecule, utilization of lasers, and confocal microscopes, which confines the detection spot, and feasibility of performing the measurements in water‐containing media; all beneficial in biosamples. In this article, the readers will find a thorough summary of the state of the art in bioSERS studies, which overviews the tremendous progress made in the field over the last few years. The challenges of implementing SERS spectroscopy into the investigation of biological systems are outlined, and miscellaneous experimental strategies required for such studies are reviewed. The selected examples of SERS‐based analysis of biosamples, ranging from the detection of simple biomolecules, followed by much more complex cell and tissue studies, and ultimately reaching SERS‐based analytical procedures for the detection of pathogens are presented. Consequently, the advances that were prerequisites in the context of upgrading SERS into a mainstream real‐life bioanalytical technique are highlighted. In the end, the future directions (see Scheme 1) that nowadays attract the greatest interest in the field are discussed, assessing an outlook for current and future biospectroscopists.
Automatic product copywriting for e‐commerce
Authors: Zou Yanyan , Zhang Xueying , Zhou Jing , Diao Shiliang , Chen Jiajia , Ding Zhuoye , He Zhen , He Xueqi , Xiao Yun , Long Bo , Ma Mian , Xu Sulong , Yu Han , Wu Lingfei
Published: March 2023

Product copywriting is a critical component of e‐commerce recommendation platforms. It aims to attract users' interest and improve user experience by highlighting product characteristics with textual descriptions. In this paper, we report our experience deploying the proposed Automatic Product Copywriting Generation (APCG) system into the JD.com e‐commerce product recommendation platform. It consists of two main components: (1) natural language generation, which is built from a transformer–pointer network and a pretrained sequence‐to‐sequence model based on millions of training data from our in‐house platform; and (2) copywriting quality control, which is based on both automatic evaluation and human screening. For selected domains, the models are trained and updated daily with the updated training data. In addition, the model is also used as a real‐time writing assistant tool on our live broadcast platform. The APCG system has been deployed in JD.com since February 2021. By September 2021, it has generated 2.53 million product descriptions, and improved the overall averaged click‐through rate (CTR) and the conversion rate (CVR) by 4.22 and 3.61%, compared to baselines, respectively, on a year‐on‐year basis. The accumulated gross merchandise volume (GMV) made by our system is improved by 213.42%, compared to the number in February 2021.
Paper‐Mill Waste Reinforced Nanofluidic Membrane as High‐Performance Osmotic Energy Generators
Authors: Song Guanghui , Zhan Yan , Hu Yajie , Rao Jun , Li Nan , Wu Zhongxuan , Su Zhenhua , Lü Baozhong , Liu Ruiping , Jiang Bo , Chen Gegu , Peng Feng
Published: March 2023

Nanofluidic membranes consisting of 2D materials and polymers are considered promising candidates for harvesting osmotic energy from river estuaries owing to their unique ion channels. However, micron‐scale polymer chains agglomerate in the nanochannels, resulting in steric hindrance and affection ion transport. Herein, a nanofluidic membrane is designed from MXene and xylan nanoparticles that are derived from paper‐mill waste. The demonstrated membrane reinforced by paper‐mill waste has the characteristics of green, low‐cost, and outstanding performance in mechanical properties and surface‐charge‐governed ionic transport. The MXene/carboxmethyl xylan (CMX) membrane demonstrates a high surface charge (ζ‐potential of −44.3 mV) and 12 times higher strength (284.96 MPa) than the pristine MXene membrane. The resulting membrane shows intriguing features of high surface charge, high ion selectivity, and reduced steric hindrance, enabling it high osmotic energy generation performance. A potential of the nanofluidic membrane is ≈109 mV, the corresponding current of up to 2.73 µA, and the output power density of 14.52 mW m−2 are obtained under a 1000‐fold salt concentration gradient. As the electrolyte pH increases, the power density reaches 56.54 mW m−2. This works demonstrate that CMX nanoparticles can effectively enhance the properties of the nanofluidic membrane and provide a promising strategy to design high‐performance nanofluidic devices.
Novel Movable Typing for Personalized Vein‐Chips in Large Scale: Recapitulate Patient‐Specific Virchow's Triad and its Contribution to Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Zhao Yunduo Charles , Zhang Yingqi , Wang Zihao , Jiang Fengtao , Kyanian Kiarash , Aye San‐Seint‐Seint , Hong Tianbo , Vatankhah Parham , Nasser Arian , Sun Allan , Moldovan Laura , Su Qian P. , Cho Ann‐Na , Wang Yao , Passam Freda , Ang Timothy , Ju Lining Arnold
Published: March 2023

The Vein‐Chip recapitulates CVST Virchow's triad and enables systematic characterization of venous thrombogenesis with respect to fibrin formation and platelet aggregation. Distinct from the arterial setting, platelets universally adhere across the entire CVS Vein‐Chip independent of stenotic geometry and flow disturbance. Intriguingly, fibrin propagates along with the flow direction, but exclusively deposits to the inner vessel wall. Upon inflammatory endothelial injury, fibrin deposition mirrors to the outer vessel wall, but still not in the lumen. Together, the Vein‐Chip promises future applications for personalized thrombotic assessment and monitoring.
Multi‐Catcher Polymers Regulate the Nucleolin Cluster on the Cell Surface for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Cheng Feng , Jiang Yongjian , Kong Bo , Lin Huarong , Shuai Xinjia , Hu Pingping , Gao Pengfei , Zhan Lei , Huang Chengzhi , Li Chunmei
Published: March 2023

Cell signal transduction mediated by cell surface ligand‐receptor is crucial for regulating cell behavior. The oligomerization or hetero‐aggregation of the membrane receptor driven by the ligand realizes the rearrangement of apoptotic signals, providing a new ideal tool for tumor therapy. However, the construction of a stable model of cytomembrane receptor aggregation and the development of a universal anti‐tumor therapy model on the cellular surface remain challenging. This work describes the construction of a “multi‐catcher” flexible structure GC‐chol‐apt‐cDNA with a suitable integration of the oligonucleotide aptamer (apt) and cholesterol (chol) on a polymer skeleton glycol chitosan (GC), for the regulation of the nucleolin cluster through strong polyvalent binding and hydrophobic membrane anchoring on the cell surface. This oligonucleotide aptamer shows nearly 100‐fold higher affinity than that of the monovalent aptamer and achieves stable anchoring to the plasma membrane for up to 6 h. Moreover, it exerts a high tumor inhibition both in vitro and in vivo by activating endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through the cluster of nucleolins on the cell membrane. This multi‐catcher nano‐platform combines the spatial location regulation of cytomembrane receptors with the intracellular apoptotic signaling cascade and represents a promising strategy for antitumor therapy.
Broadband Emission Origin in Metal Halide Perovskites: Are Self‐Trapped Excitons or Ions?
Authors: Jiang Feng , Wu Zhennan , Lu Min , Gao Yanbo , Li Xin , Bai Xue , Ji Yuan , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2023

It has always been a goal to realize high efficiency and broadband emission in single‐component materials. The appearance of metal halide perovskites makes it possible. Their soft lattice characteristics and significant electron–phonon coupling synergistically generate self‐trapped excitons (STEs), contributing to a broadband emission with a large Stokes shift. Meanwhile, their structural/compositional diversity provides suitable active sites and coordination environments for doping of ns2 ions, allowing 3Pn(n=0,1,2)→1S0 transitions toward broadband emission. The ns2 ions emission is phenomenologically similar to that of STE emission, hindering in‐depth understanding of their emission origin, and leading to failure to meet the design requirements for practical applications. In this scenario, herein, the fundamentals and development of such two emission mechanisms are summarized to establish a clear and comprehensive understanding of the broadband emission phenomenon, which may pave the way to an ideal customization of broadband‐emission metal halide perovskites.
High‐Performance Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Symmetric‐Asymmetric Alloy Acceptor with a Broad Composition Tolerance
Authors: Gao Yuan , Yang Xinrong , Wang Wei , Sun Rui , Cui Jiting , Fu Yuang , Li Kai , Zhang Meimei , Liu Chao , Zhu Haiming , Lu Xinhui , Min Jie
Published: March 2023

Using a combinatory blending strategy is demonstrated as a promising path for designing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) by boosting the short‐circuit current density and fill factor. Herein, a high‐performance ternary all‐small molecule OSC (all‐SMOSCs) using a narrow‐bandgap alloy acceptor containing symmetric and asymmetric molecules (BTP‐eC9 and SSe‐NIC) and a wide‐bandgap small molecule donor MPhS‐C2 is reported. Introducing the synthesized SSe‐NIC into the MPhS‐C2:BTP‐eC9 host system can broaden the absorption spectrum, modulate energy offsets, and optimize the molecular packing of the host materials. After systematically optimizing the weight ratio of MPhS‐C2:BTP‐eC9:SSe‐NIC, a champion efficiency of 18.02% is achieved. Impressively, the ternary system not only delivered a broad composition tolerance with device efficiencies over 17% throughout the whole blend ratios, but also exhibited less non‐geminate recombination and energy loss, and better‐light‐soaking stability than the corresponding binary systems. This work promotes the development of high‐performance ternary all‐SMOSCs and heralds their brighter application prospects.
Cu‐Doped Heterointerfaced Ru/RuSe2 Nanosheets with Optimized H and H2O Adsorption Boost Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhou Jinhui , Sun Mingzi , Lin Fangxu , Huang Bolong , Lv Fan , Zeng Lingyou , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Luo Mingchuan , Guo Shaojun
Published: March 2023

Ruthenium chalcogenide is a highly promising catalytic system as a Pt alternative for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, well‐studied ruthenium selenide (RuSe2) still exhibits sluggish HER kinetics in alkaline media due to the inappropriate adsorption strength of H and H2O. Herein, xx report a new design of Cu‐doped Ru/RuSe2 heterogeneous nanosheets (NSs) with optimized H and H2O adsorption strength for highly efficient HER catalysis in alkaline media. Theoretical calculations reveal that the superior HER performance is attributed to a synergistic effect of the unique heterointerfaced structure and Cu doping, which not only optimizes the electronic structure with a suitable d‐band center to suppress proton overbinding but also alleviates the energy barrier with enhanced H2O adsorption. As a result, Cu‐doped heterogeneous Ru/RuSe2 NSs exhibit a small overpotential of 23 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 58.5 mV dec−1 and a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of 0.88 s−1 at 100 mV for HER in alkaline media, which is among the best catalysts in noble metal‐based electrocatalysts toward HER. The present Cu‐doped Ru/RuSe2 NSs interface catalyst is very stable for HER by showing no activity decay after 5000‐cycle potential sweeps. This work heralds that heterogeneous interface modulation opens up a new strategy for the designing of more efficient electrocatalysts.
Molecular Sensitization Enabled High Performance Organic Metal Halide Hybrid Scintillator
Authors: Shonde Tunde Blessed , Chaaban Maya , Liu He , Olasupo Oluwadara Joshua , Ben‐Akacha Azza , Gonzalez Fabiola G. , Julevich Kerri , Lin Xinsong , Winfred J. S. Raaj Vellore , Stand Luis M. , Zhuravleva Mariya , Ma Biwu
Published: March 2023

Scintillators, one of the essential components in medical imaging and security checking devices, rely heavily on rare‐earth‐containing inorganic materials. Here, a new type of organic‐inorganic hybrid scintillators containing earth abundant elements that can be prepared via low‐temperature processes is reported. With room temperature co‐crystallization of an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) organic halide, 4‐(4‐(diphenylamino) phenyl)‐1‐(propyl)‐pyrindin‐1ium bromide (TPA‐PBr), and a metal halide, zinc bromide (ZnBr2), a zero‐dimensional (0D) organic metal halide hybrid (TPA‐P)2ZnBr4 with a yellowish‐green emission peaked at 550 nm has been developed. In this hybrid material, dramatically enhanced X‐ray scintillation of TPA‐P+ is achieved via the sensitization by ZnBr42−. The absolute light yield (14,700 ± 800 Photons/MeV) of (TPA‐P)2ZnBr4 is found to be higher than that of anthracene (≈13,500 Photons/MeV), a well‐known organic scintillator, while its X‐ray absorption is comparable to those of inorganic scintillators. With TPA‐P+ as an emitting center, short photoluminescence and radioluminescence decay lifetimes of 3.56 and 9.96 ns have been achieved. Taking the advantages of high X‐ray absorption of metal halides and efficient radioluminescence with short decay lifetimes of organic cations, the material design paves a new pathway to address the issues of low X‐ray absorption of organic scintillators and long decay lifetimes of inorganic scintillators simultaneously.
A Versatile Sulfur‐Assisted Pyrolysis Strategy for High‐Atom‐Economy Upcycling of Waste Plastics into High‐Value Carbon Materials
Authors: Tang Youchen , Cen Zongheng , Ma Qian , Zheng Bingna , Cai Zhaopeng , Liu Shaohong , Wu Dingcai
Published: March 2023

With the overconsumption of disposable plastics, there is a considerable emphasis on the recycling of waste plastics to relieve the environmental, economic, and health‐related consequences. Here, a sulfur‐assisted pyrolysis strategy is demonstrated for versatile upcycling of plastics into high‐value carbons with an ultrahigh carbon‐atom recovery (up to 85%). During the pyrolysis process, the inexpensive elemental sulfur molecules are covalently bonded with polymer chains, and then thermally stable intermediates are produced via dehydrogenation and crosslinking, thereby inhibiting the decomposition of plastics into volatile small hydrocarbons. In this manner, the carbon products obtained from real‐world waste plastics exhibit sulfur‐rich skeletons with an enlarged interlayer distance, and demonstrate superior sodium storage performance. It is believed that the present results offer a new solution to alleviate plastic pollution and reduce the carbon footprint of plastic industry.
Continuous Compositing Process of Sulfur/Conductive‐Additive Composite Particles for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Iwao Motoshi , Miyamoto Hiromi , Nakamura Hideya , Hayakawa Eiji , Ohsaki Shuji , Watano Satoru
Published: March 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur (ASS‐Li/S) batteries have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their high energy density and safety. To produce the cathode of an ASS‐Li/S battery, sulfur (the cathode active material) must be combined with a conductive additive (electron conductor) because of the electronic insulating property of sulfur. Therefore, a compositing process of sulfur and conductive additives is necessary to produce ASS‐Li/S batteries. However, existing compositing methods are neither scalable nor productive. Herein, for the first time, a hot‐melt kneading process, as a scalable and productive compositing process, to produce composite particles of sulfur and a conductive additive for ASS‐Li/S batteries is employed. The composite particles prepared from the hot‐melt kneading process show larger particle sizes, less fine conductive additive particles, and better flowability than the simple mixture. The obtained composite particles have a matrix‐type structure, in which conductive additive particles exist even inside the sulfur particles. Concerning the electrochemical performance, compositing sulfur and a conductive additive using the hot‐melt kneading process improves the electrochemical performance because of the matrix‐type structure of the composite particles. Moreover, by estimating the productivity of the process, the study demonstrates that the hot‐melt kneading process has a significantly better productivity compared with conventional compositing processes.
Embedding isolated Fe species in titania increases olefins for oxidative propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Xuejing , Wang Jingnan , Yao Yongbin , Liu Qiang , Lu Fei , Wang Xi
Published: March 2023

Metal oxide‐based catalysts are widely studied in oxidative propane dehydrogenation (OPDH), but they usually suffered from the low olefin activity, which is believed to be related to the active centers of metal‐oxygen species. Herein, we report an effective cation‐exchange strategy towards the development of TiO2nanosheets embedded isolated Fe species (Fe1TiO2) as a highly‐active and stable catalyst for OPDH. It exhibits an olefin yield of 38.2% at 520°C, 10.9 and 2.4 times higher than that of pure TiO2(3.5%) and Fe2O3(15.6%), respectively; and it shows a superior 100‐h durability. The isolated Fe species embedded in Fe1TiO2are demonstrated to serve as active centers. Multiple characterizations includingin situFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the isolated Fe species in Fe1TiO2are favorable for the generation of olefins, which produce propylene (C3) through an appropriate FeH dehydrogenation pathway with a low energy barrier.