bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Food Promotion: A Systematic Review on the Influence of the Food Industry on Obesity-Related Dietary Behaviour among Children
Authors: Sonntag Diana , Schneider Sarah , Mdege Noreen , Ali Shehzad , Schmidt Burkhard
Published: October 2015

An increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverages as a result of a changing obesogenic environment contributes substantially to the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. This paper reviews the nature and extent of food industry influences which expose children to commercial influences and thus might affect unhealthy dietary behaviour and finally contributes to obesity. A systematic search of nine electronic databases (including PubMed, PsycINFO, EconLit) and reference lists of original studies and reviews using key search terms identified 1900 articles. Of these only thirty-six articles met the inclusion and quality criteria. A narrative synthesis of the reviewed studies revealed six key obesogenic environments by which the food industry possibly influences obesity-related dietary behaviours in young children. These were schools, retailers, mass media “television”, mass media “internet”, home and promotional campaigns. Identifying these obesogenic environments is critical for monitoring and controlling the food industry, the development of effective environmental-level interventions to prevent childhood overweight and obesity and to identify knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research to support informed decisions of policy makers.
Comparison of the Continuity of Vegetation Indices Derived from Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 7 ETM+ Data among Different Vegetation Types
Authors: She Xiaojun , Zhang Lifu , Cen Yi , Wu Taixia , Huang Changping , Baig Muhammad
Published: October 2015

Landsat 8, the most recently launched satellite of the series, promises to maintain the continuity of Landsat 7. However, in addition to subtle differences in sensor characteristics and vegetation index (VI) generation algorithms, VIs respond differently to the seasonality of the various types of vegetation cover. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of these variations on VIs between Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Ground spectral data for vegetation were used to simulate the Landsat at-senor broadband reflectance, with consideration of sensor band-pass differences. Three band-geometric VIs (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)) and two band-transformation VIs (Vegetation Index based on the Universal Pattern Decomposition method (VIUPD), Tasseled Cap Transformation Greenness (TCG)) were tested to evaluate the performance of various VI generation algorithms in relation to multi-sensor continuity. Six vegetation types were included to evaluate the continuity in different vegetation types. Four pairs of data during four seasons were selected to evaluate continuity with respect to seasonal variation. The simulated data showed that OLI largely inherits the band-pass characteristics of ETM+. Overall, the continuity of band-transformation derived VIs was higher than band-geometry derived VIs. VI continuity was higher in the three forest types and the shrubs in the relatively rapid growth periods of summer and autumn, but lower for the other two non-forest types (grassland and crops) during the same periods.
Modified Particle Filtering Algorithm for Single Acoustic Vector Sensor DOA Tracking
Authors: Li Xinbo , Sun Haixin , Jiang Liangxu , Shi Yaowu , Wu Yue
Published: October 2015

The conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm with static sources assumption usually estimates the source angles of two adjacent moments independently and the correlation of the moments is not considered. In this article, we focus on the DOA estimation of moving sources and a modified particle filtering (MPF) algorithm is proposed with state space model of single acoustic vector sensor. Although the particle filtering (PF) algorithm has been introduced for acoustic vector sensor applications, it is not suitable for the case that one dimension angle of source is estimated with large deviation, the two dimension angles (pitch angle and azimuth angle) cannot be simultaneously employed to update the state through resampling processing of PF algorithm. To solve the problems mentioned above, the MPF algorithm is proposed in which the state estimation of previous moment is introduced to the particle sampling of present moment to improve the importance function. Moreover, the independent relationship of pitch angle and azimuth angle is considered and the two dimension angles are sampled and evaluated, respectively. Then, the MUSIC spectrum function is used as the “likehood” function of the MPF algorithm, and the modified PF-MUSIC (MPF-MUSIC) algorithm is proposed to improve the root mean square error (RMSE) and the probability of convergence. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the two proposed algorithms.
Fluorescent Proteins as Genetically Encoded FRET Biosensors in Life Sciences
Authors: Hochreiter Bernhard , Pardo-Garcia Alan , Schmid Johannes
Published: October 2015

Fluorescence- or Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a measurable physical energy transfer phenomenon between appropriate chromophores, when they are in sufficient proximity, usually within 10 nm. This feature has made them incredibly useful tools for many biomedical studies on molecular interactions. Furthermore, this principle is increasingly exploited for the design of biosensors, where two chromophores are linked with a sensory domain controlling their distance and thus the degree of FRET. The versatility of these FRET-biosensors made it possible to assess a vast amount of biological variables in a fast and standardized manner, allowing not only high-throughput studies but also sub-cellular measurements of biological processes. In this review, we aim at giving an overview over the recent advances in genetically encoded, fluorescent-protein based FRET-biosensors, as these represent the largest and most vividly growing group of FRET-based sensors. For easy understanding, we are grouping them into four categories, depending on their molecular mechanism. These are based on: (a) cleavage; (b) conformational-change; (c) mechanical force and (d) changes in the micro-environment. We also address the many issues and considerations that come with the development of FRET-based biosensors, as well as the possibilities that are available to measure them.
Development of Kinematic 3D Laser Scanning System for Indoor Mapping and As-Built BIM Using Constrained SLAM
Authors: Jung Jaehoon , Yoon Sanghyun , Ju Sungha , Heo Joon
Published: October 2015

The growing interest and use of indoor mapping is driving a demand for improved data-acquisition facility, efficiency and productivity in the era of the Building Information Model (BIM). The conventional static laser scanning method suffers from some limitations on its operability in complex indoor environments, due to the presence of occlusions. Full scanning of indoor spaces without loss of information requires that surveyors change the scanner position many times, which incurs extra work for registration of each scanned point cloud. Alternatively, a kinematic 3D laser scanning system, proposed herein, uses line-feature-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique for continuous mapping. Moreover, to reduce the uncertainty of line-feature extraction, we incorporated constrained adjustment based on an assumption made with respect to typical indoor environments: that the main structures are formed of parallel or orthogonal line features. The superiority of the proposed constrained adjustment is its reduction for uncertainties of the adjusted lines, leading to successful data association process. In the present study, kinematic scanning with and without constrained adjustment were comparatively evaluated in two test sites, and the results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system. The accuracy of the 3D mapping result was additionally evaluated by comparison with the reference points acquired by a total station: the Euclidean average distance error was 0.034 m for the seminar room and 0.043 m for the corridor, which satisfied the error tolerance for point cloud acquisition (0.051 m) according to the guidelines of the General Services Administration for BIM accuracy.
Q-Conditional Symmetries and Exact Solutions of Nonlinear Reaction–Diffusion Systems
Authors: Pliukhin Oleksii
Published: October 2015

A wide range of reaction–diffusion systems with constant diffusivities that are invariant under Q-conditional operators is found. Using the symmetries obtained, the reductions of the corresponding systems to the systems of ODEs are conducted in order to find exact solutions. In particular, the solutions of some reaction–diffusion systems of the Lotka–Volterra type in an explicit form and satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions are obtained. An biological interpretation is presented in order to show that two different types of interaction between biological species can be described.
Bioactive Mimetics of Conotoxins and other Venom Peptides
Authors: Duggan Peter , Tuck Kellie
Published: October 2015

Ziconotide (Prialt®), a synthetic version of the peptide ω-conotoxin MVIIA found in the venom of a fish-hunting marine cone snail Conus magnus, is one of very few drugs effective in the treatment of intractable chronic pain. However, its intrathecal mode of delivery and narrow therapeutic window cause complications for patients. This review will summarize progress in the development of small molecule, non-peptidic mimics of Conotoxins and a small number of other venom peptides. This will include a description of how some of the initially designed mimics have been modified to improve their drug-like properties.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Persistence in Murine Macrophages Impairs IFN-β Response but Not Synthesis
Authors: Rivera-Toledo Evelyn , Torres-González Laura , Gómez Beatriz
Published: October 2015

Type-I interferon (IFN-I) production is an early response to viral infection and pathogenic viruses have evolved multiple strategies to evade this cellular defense. Some viruses can establish and maintain persistent infections by altering the IFN-I signaling pathway. Here, we studied IFN-I synthesis and response in an in vitro model of persistent infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a murine macrophage-like cell line. In this model, interferon regulatory factor 3 was constitutively active and located at nuclei of persistently infected cells, inducing expression of IFN-beta mRNA and protein. However, persistently infected macrophages did not respond in an autocrine manner to the secreted-IFN-beta or to recombinant-IFN-beta, since phosphorylated-STAT1 was not detected by western blot and transcription of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) Mx1 and ISG56 was not induced. Treatment of non-infected macrophages with supernatants from persistently infected cells induced STAT1 phosphorylation and ISGs expression, mediated by the IFN-I present in the supernatants, because blocking the IFN-I receptor inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation. Results suggest that the lack of autocrine response to IFN-I by the host cell may be one mechanism for maintenance of RSV persistence. Furthermore, STAT1 phosphorylation and ISGs expression induced in non-infected cells by supernatants from persistently infected macrophages suggest that RSV persistence may trigger a proinflammatory phenotype in non-infected cells as part of the pathogenesis of RSV infection.
Effect of SiNx diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films obtained by sol–gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal , Aubry Eric , Chaoui Nouari , Robert Didier
Published: October 2015

We investigate the effect of the thickness of the silicon nitride (SiNx) diffusion barrier on the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films obtained with different processes. We show that the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films produced using soft chemistry (sol–gel) and physical methods (reactive sputtering) are affected differentially by the intercalating SiNx diffusion barrier. Increasing the thickness of the SiNx diffusion barrier induced a gradual decrease of the crystallite size of TiO2 films obtained by the sol–gel process. However, TiO2 obtained using the reactive sputtering method showed no dependence on the thickness of the SiNx barrier diffusion. The SiNx barrier diffusion showed a beneficial effect on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films regardless of the synthesis method used. The proposed mechanism leading to the improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 films obtained by each process was discussed.
Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of new cholesterol congeners
Authors: Aly Mohamed Ramadan El Sayed , Saad Hosam Ali , Abdel-Hafez Shams Hashim
Published: October 2015

3β-Azidocholest-5-ene (3) and (3β)-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)cholest-5-ene (10) were prepared as substrates to synthesize a variety of three-motif pharmacophoric conjugates through CuAAC. Basically, these conjugates included cholesterol and 1,2,3-triazole moieties, while the third, the pharmacophore, was either a chalcone, a lipophilic residue or a carbohydrate tag. These compounds were successfully prepared in good yields and characterized by NMR, MS and IR spectroscopic techniques. Chalcone conjugate6cshowed the best antimicrobial activity, while the lactoside conjugate27showed the best cytotoxic effect in vitro.
Instruments Measuring Pain, Physical Function, or Patient’s Global Assessment in Hand Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Search
Authors: Visser A. Willemien , Bøyesen Pernille , Haugen Ida K. , Schoones Jan W. , van der Heijde Désirée M. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Kloppenburg Margreet
Published: October 2015

Objective.

Description of use and metric properties of instruments measuring pain, physical function, or patient’s global assessment (PtGA) in hand osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

Medical literature databases up to January 2014 were systematically reviewed for studies reporting on instruments measuring pain, physical function, or PtGA in hand OA. The frequency of the use of these instruments were described, as well as their metric properties, including discrimination (reliability, sensitivity to change), feasibility, and validity.

Results.

In 66 included studies, various questionnaires and performance- or assessor-based instruments were applied for evaluation of pain, physical function, or PtGA. No major differences regarding metric properties were observed between the instruments, although the amount of supporting evidence varied. The most frequently evaluated questionnaires were the Australian/Canadian Hand OA Index (AUSCAN) pain subscale and visual analog scale (VAS) pain for pain assessment, and the AUSCAN function subscale and Functional Index for Hand OA (FIHOA) for physical function assessment. Excellent reliability was shown for the AUSCAN and FIHOA, and good sensitivity to change for all mentioned instruments; additionally, the FIHOA had good feasibility. Good construct validity was suggested for all mentioned questionnaires. The most commonly applied performance- or assessor-based instruments were the grip and pinch strength for the assessment of physical function, and the assessment of pain by palpation. For these measures, good sensitivity to change and construct validity were established.

Conclusion.

The AUSCAN, FIHOA, VAS pain, grip and pinch strength, and pain on palpation were most frequently used and provided most supporting evidence for good metric properties. More research has to be performed to compare the different instruments with each other.
Isotretinoin-induced Spondyloarthropathy-related Symptoms: A Prospective Study
Authors: Alkan Samet , Kayiran Nuriye , Zengin Orhan , Kalem Ali , Kimyon Gezmis , Kilinc Emine Ozkul , Pehlivan Yavuz , Kirtak Necmettin , Onat Ahmet Mesut , Kisacik Bunyamin
Published: October 2015

Objective.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the pilosebaceous unit of the skin. Isotretinoin is a systemic retinoid that is often used as an effective treatment option for severe and treatment-resistant acne. Isotretinoin may also cause rheumatologic symptoms. The aim of this prospective observational study was to present followup results regarding the rheumatologic symptoms of patients who received systemic therapy for the treatment of acne (isotretinoin and tetracycline).

Methods.

For inclusion in the study, all consecutive patients with acne who were aged > 18 years were evaluated by the same dermatologist. The first 42 consecutive patients were included in the isotretinoin group, and after matching for age and sex, 32 consecutive patients were included in the tetracycline group. Isotretinoin treatment was planned as an average dose of 30 mg daily and a total dose of 120–150 mg/kg for 4–6 months. The patients were administered a dose of 1 g/day of tetracycline as 2 equal doses for 3 months.

Results.

Forty-two patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris were treated with isotretinoin 20.6 ± 4.4 (male/female: 17/22), and 32 patients were treated with tetracycline 20.6 ± 2.7 (male/female: 8/24). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to age and sex. Unilateral Achilles enthesopathy developed in 3 patients, whereas both Achilles enthesopathy and unilateral sacroiliitis developed in 1 patient. Inflammatory back pain developed in 6 patients in the isotretinoin group.

Conclusion.

To our knowledge, this was the first prospective observational study that assessed the rheumatologic symptoms of isotretinoin treatment. The spondyloarthropathy findings were identified in 23.1% of the patients who used isotretinoin.
The Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Registry 5-year Followup: Substantial Radiographic Progression Mainly in Men with High Disease Activity and Development of Dactylitis
Authors: Geijer Mats , Lindqvist Ulla , Husmark Tomas , Alenius Gerd-Marie , Larsson Per T. , Teleman Annika , Theander Elke
Published: October 2015

Objective.

To describe early radiographic findings in patients from the Swedish psoriatic arthritis (SwePsA) registry, progression of destruction, correlations with clinical disease variables, and predictors of destruction.

Methods.

Hand and foot radiographs were available for 72 of 197 SwePsA patients followed for 5 years. Clinical data were collected according to the SwePsA protocol.

Results.

Disease characteristics and clinical improvement were similar in men and women. Radiographic abnormalities were more pronounced in men. Total Wassenberg radiographic score at baseline was 0 in 45% of men and 51% of women. One man and one woman had a score > 10. At 5 years, total score was 0 in 14% of men and 40% of women (p = 0.018); 17% of men and 7% of women had scores > 10. Mean total scores for men and women had increased. Baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate was associated with baseline total radiographic score. In men, swollen joint count was positively, and in women tender joint count negatively, correlated to total radiographic score. After 5 years, only male scores, mainly hand scores, significantly correlated with 28-joint Disease Activity Score and Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis scores, swollen joint count, and dactylitis. Achieving remission or minimal disease activity after 5 years protected against structural damage, mainly in men.

Conclusion.

Radiographic progression in early PsA was generally slow but substantial. Male sex appears to be a risk factor for early radiographic damage while the presence of baseline radiographic damage and dactylitis developing during followup seem to predict further destruction. Hand and foot radiograph scoring cannot be substituted with clinical signs.
Association Between Immunoglobulin G4–related Disease and Malignancy within 12 Years after Diagnosis: An Analysis after Longterm Followup
Authors: Asano Junpei , Watanabe Takayuki , Oguchi Takaya , Kanai Keita , Maruyama Masahiro , Ito Tetsuya , Muraki Takashi , Hamano Hideaki , Arakura Norikazu , Matsumoto Akihiro , Kawa Shigeyuki
Published: October 2015

Objective.

Because it is uncertain whether immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is associated with malignancy, we evaluated the incidence of cancer development in a large cohort of patients with IgG4-RD.

Methods.

The study enrolled 158 patients diagnosed as having IgG4-RD between 1992 and 2012. We calculated the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and cumulative rate of malignancies in this group and searched for risk factors associated with the occurrence of tumors.

Results.

A total of 34 malignancies were observed in the patients with IgG4-RD over a mean followup period of 5.95 ± 4.48 years. The overall SIR of malignancies was 2.01 (95% CI 1.34–2.69). The SIR of patients who exhibited a tumor within 1 year after IgG4-RD diagnosis was 3.53 (95% CI 1.23–5.83), while that of subjects forming a malignancy in subsequent years was 1.48 (95% CI 0.99–1.98). The cumulative rate of malignancy development was significantly higher in patients with IgG4-RD within 12 years after diagnosis than in the Japanese general population. Comparable results were obtained for an autoimmune pancreatitis subgroup. The serum concentrations of several disease activity markers at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with malignancies than in those without.

Conclusion.

We identified a close association between IgG4-RD and malignancy formation within 12 years after diagnosis, particularly during the first year. An active IgG4-RD state is presumed to be a strong risk factor for malignancy development.
L'ambition métropolitaine : clé vers un aménagement du territoire transfrontalier en Grande Région SaarLorLux ?
Authors: Evrard Estelle , Schulz Christian
Published: October 2015

Depuis 2009, la Grande Région SaarLorLux s'est fixé pour objectif de devenir une « Région métropolitaine polycentrique transfrontalière » (RMPT). Dans cet espace frontalier concentrant le plus de travailleurs frontaliers d'Europe (environ 210 000), cette ambition politique sert notamment de catalyseur au développement d'une stratégie commune d'aménagement du territoire qui, malgré une coopération déjà bien établie (initiée dans les années 1970), n'a pas encore vu le jour. Cette contribution prend cette apparente contradiction comme point de départ pour explorer les enjeux d'un positionnement métropolitain dans le contexte d'un aménagement du territoire transfrontalier. Pour ce faire, les multiples asymétries politiques, administratives et culturelles façonnant les rapports de force transfrontaliers sont mises en avant. Ensuite, les enjeux d'un positionnement métropolitain sont analysés de manière critique avant de faire le point sur deux réalisations institutionnelles récentes participant à l'opérationnalisation de la stratégie RMPT.
L'Arc Atlantique : une macro-région inachevée ?
Authors: Guirao-Espiñeira Tamara
Published: October 2015

L'évolution de la coopération territoriale européenne se décline dans des instruments nouveaux. Ces changements traduisent un constat d'échec : la dispersion des fonds structurels et les programmes sectoriels a réduit l'impact des politiques communautaires sur le développement territorial. C'est dans ce cadre qu'à partir de 2009 apparaissent deux types de coopération territoriale renforcée : les macro-régions et les stratégies maritimes. A partir de l'évolution de la stratégie macro-régionale de la Mer Baltique ainsi que du parcours de la stratégie maritime Atlantique, cet article vise à énumérer les processus et les facteurs qui déterminent la mise en œuvre de ces initiatives, afin de définir la relation entre elles.
Le care entre éthique, travail et politique
Authors: Svandra Philippe
Published: October 2015

L’éthique du care s’inscrit dès son origine comme une « voix différente ». A partir des travaux de Carol Gilligan, elle s’est construite largement en opposition au caractère rationnel et universaliste de la morale kantienne. Il apparaît, cependant, que cette approche s’oppose également aux trois autres grandes théories morales dominantes que sont l’utilitarisme, l’éthique procédurale de John Rawls et l’éthique aristotélicienne de la vertu. Il est possible de soutenir que le care se présente comme une théorie morale contextuelle qui cherche à prendre en compte concrètement la vulnérabilité d’autrui. En ce sens, l’aide, l’accompagnement et le soin qui sont souvent opposés en France pour des raisons variées (historiques, économiques, psychologiques, professionnelles...) peuvent se retrouver sous le terme générique de care . En passant d’une posture morale à une activité professionnelle, le care revêt ainsi aujourd’hui une dimension indéniablement sociale et politique.
Au-delà du cure et du care : l’histoire de la relation médecin-malade comme source de réflexion pour penser la relation infirmière-malade au XXI ème siècle
Authors: Poisson Michel
Published: October 2015

L’histoire de la relation médecin-malade montre qu’il est possible de trouver des traces d’attention des médecins à l’égard des malades dès l’Antiquité. Néanmoins, à cette époque, cette sollicitude vise essentiellement la nature à travers l’individu malade. Avec le Moyen Âge, l’avènement et la montée en puissance du christianisme, apparaît la notion de personne, dépassant les limites corporelles de l’individu. La sollicitude repérée s’adresse alors à Dieu, dépassant et recouvrant l’être souffrant. Ce n’est qu’à la fin du XIX ème siècle, avec le mouvement de transformation sociale et de sécularisation des soins, qu’il est possible de repérer la notion de sujet dans la relation médicale, comme en témoigne l’émergence de la psychanalyse. Mais dans le même temps, l’évolution spectaculaire de la médecine dans sa composante scientifique et sa montée en puissance au siècle suivant font qu’elle se cantonne majoritairement à une vision naturaliste du monde des soins, au détriment, le plus souvent, d’une vision personnaliste prenant en compte l’ancrage social du sujet souffrant. Dès lors, la profession infirmière pourrait être envisagée au début du XXI ème siècle comme complémentaire de la médecine, par le développement et la mise en œuvre d’une relation de type personnaliste dominante, sans négliger la relation de type naturaliste. Cette perspective est envisageable, à la condition expresse de développer les connaissances scientifiques permettant de donner consistance et épaisseur à cette manière de voir et de faire centrée sur la personne. Une approche sans doute inspirée du care , mais dépassant ce dernier dans son acception affective et éthique, pour se doter d’un pouvoir particulier de comprendre et d’agir.
Le care dans les soins et dans la pratique d’apprentissage infirmier informel
Authors: Gaudry-Muller Anne
Published: October 2015

Introduction : l’infirmière conjugue dans la pratique quotidienne le care et le cure . Contexte : les transformations de l’environnement hospitalier modifient les pratiques de soins. Les infirmières s’adaptent en réalisant des apprentissages informels au quotidien pour être compétentes en situation professionnelle. La manière dont elles le font se rapproche de leur manière d’avoir le souci de l’autre, de prendre soin du patient dans les soins. Objectif : cet article a pour objectif de montrer les similitudes existantes entre le care du soignant dans le prendre soin du patient et le care du soignant envers un autre soignant, un pair, dans l’apprentissage informel en situation de travail. Méthode : une recherche qualitative de type compréhensive auprès d’un échantillon de population de trente infirmières sur deux terrains d’enquête, un hôpital et une clinique. Deux outils sont utilisés, un journal de bord pour recueillir les apprentissages des infirmières au jour le jour pendant six semaines et deux entretiens, l’un pour introduire les consignes de remplissage du journal et l’autre pour faciliter la compréhension des écrits, A cette occasion, le care est évoqué. Les résultats mettent en évidence les similitudes entre le care dans l’activité de soin et dans l’activité d’apprentissage en termes de conception de soin et de finalité, de posture dans la prise en compte du souci de l’autre et de sa vulnérabilité. Conclusion : le care est transversal dans la pratique infirmière, que ce soit dans l’activité de soin ou d’apprentissage.
Le care en pédiatrie
Authors: Lombart Bénédicte
Published: October 2015

Introduction : le contexte des soins pédiatriques invite à réfléchir à une déclinaison du concept de care spécifique en proposant une réflexion autour de la formalisation du concept de care pédiatrique. Contexte : le concept du care appliqué aux soins infirmiers offre un cadre de référence à l’exercice professionnel. Les soins pédiatriques présentent des particularités qui conduisent à une adaptation conceptuelle du care qui n’est formalisée que de manière très générale ou pour certaines situations spécifiques telles que la néonatalogie. Résultats : au regard des différentes théories existantes, la formalisation d’un concept spécifique pédiatrique concernant les enfants de un à quinze ans semble faire défaut. Discussion : la construction d’un cadre conceptuel du care pédiatrique, fondé sur les recommandations et les éléments de preuve pourrait être utile pour formaliser l’exercice en soins infirmiers pédiatrique. La notion demande à être formalisée plus précisément. Conclusion : la notion de care pédiatrique rassemble des courants conceptuels adaptés aux spécificités pédiatriques en apportant des éléments pragmatiques.
Amy et Jake. Care , réflexivité, négativité
Authors: Chauvier Éric
Published: October 2015

Deux extraits d’enquêtes ethnographiques viennent montrer que le care ne peut être considéré comme un concept classificatoire efficace. Reposant sur une seule injonction éthique, il est incapable de saisir la négativité inhérente aux métiers du soin, en particulier certains retours sur sa propre pratique et certains rapports de classes inédits. Or, il paraît tout à fait dommageable de ne pas chercher à analyser et interpréter ce matériau non-conforme propre à l’enquête ou aux pratiques de soin. Finalement, une critique de la positivité artificielle du care renvoie à une critique plus large d’une époque qui ne tolère plus guère la dissonance de la vie ordinaire.
Acute Renal Failure in the Neonate
Authors: Khan Owais A. , Hageman Joseph R. , Clardy Christopher
Published: October 2015

Acute renal failure (ARF) in a neonate is a serious condition that impacts 8% to 24% of hospitalized neonates. There is a need for prompt evaluation and treatment to avoid additional complications. In this review, a neonate was found to have renal failure associated with renal vein thrombosis. There are varying etiologies of ARF. Causes of ARF are typically divided into three subsets: pre-renal, renal or intrinsic, and post-renal. Treatment of ARF varies based on the cause. Renal vein thrombosis is an interesting cause of renal or intrinsic ARF and can be serious, often leading to a need for dialysis.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(10):e251–e253.]
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Haab Striae
Authors: Spierer Oriel , Cavuoto Kara M. , Suwannaraj Sirinya , Chang Ta C.
Published: October 2015

The authors present a case series demonstrating the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) findings of Haab striae in three patients with congenital glaucoma. The use of AS-OCT in the assessment of Haab striae in pediatric glaucoma is novel, previously undescribed, and possibly allows differentiation between acute and chronic corneal changes.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52:e55–e58.]
The Spectrum of Pediatric Orbital BB Gun Injuries: A Case Series
Authors: Sridhar Jayanth , Chang Jonathan S. , Liao Sophie , Cavuoto Kara M. , Rachitskaya Aleksandra V.
Published: October 2015

Three cases of pediatric BB orbital injury are reported demonstrating varying outcomes. Pediatric orbital BB injuries have a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes depending on the ocular structures involved. Improved safety education of patients and parents is necessary to reduce the burden of these vision-threatening injuries.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2015;52:e59–e62.]
Management of meningitis caused by multi drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic results in a patient treated with colistin methanesulfonate
Authors: Schiaroli Elisabetta , Pasticci Maria Bruna , Cassetta Maria Iris , Fallani Stefania , Castrioto Corrado , Pirro Matteo , Novelli Andrea , De Angelis Lucia Henrici , D'Andrea Marco Maria , Mezzatesta Maria Lina , Baldelli Franco , Mencacci Antonella
Published: October 2015

This paper reports on a 71-year-old Caucasian male who underwent  neurosurgery for an oligodendroglioma, followed by a cranial-sinus fistula and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. The clinical course was complicated due to an extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. The patient was treated with colistin methanesulfonate, intrathecal for 24 days and intravenous for 46 days. In addition, the patient received meropenem and teicoplanin to treat a bacterial aspiration pneumonia, probably caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi drug-resistant Klebiesella pneumoniae. Cerebrospinal fluid trough colistin levels resulted above the MIC of A. baumannii. Colistin cerebrospinal fluid accumulation over the treatment period was not reported.  Meningitis was cured and A. baumannii eradicated. No side effects  from the antimicrobial therapy were observed.In conclusion, this case highlights the issues in treating infections caused by resistant Gram-negative bacteria and supports previous findings on the efficacy, pharmacokinetic and tolerability of intravenous and  intrathecal colistin treatments.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CLADRIBINE: SUBCUTANEOUS VERSUS INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION IN HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Khorshid Ola , Ramadan Safaa M.
Published: October 2015

Cladribine induces durable complete remission (CR) in approximately 85% of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients. In Egypt, cladribine is mainly used as IV continuous infusion at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day for 7 days and as SC bolus injection at a dose of 0.14 mg/kg/day for 5 days. We aimed to compare the outcome and toxicity between these two regimens. We retrospectively collected data of HCL patients treated at the National Cancer Institute and its affiliated center, Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt. Forty nine patients were identified, 18 treated with the IV regimen (IV group) and 31 with the SC regimen (SC group). Forty-one patients were newly diagnosed. Patient characteristics were balanced across the two groups. The CR rates in the IV and the SC group were 94% and 97%, respectively. The main complications in the IV group and the SC were neutropenia G3-4 (67% vs 87%), mucositis mainly G1-2 (67% vs 32%) and infections (mainly viral, 78% vs 34%). In the IV group, 5 patients died, 3 of progression and infection, one of unknown cause and one of late heart failure. In the SC group, one patient died of disease progression and one of second cancer. After 33.5 months median follow up, the 3-year event free survival was 60% and 96%, respectively (p=0.104). The 3-year overall survival was 81% and 100%, respectively (p=0.277). Lymphadenopathy and/or hepatomegaly may have negative influence on DFS. In conclusion, SC cladribine is an excellent alternative to the IV regimen for the treatment of HCL. Key words: 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, cladribine, hairy cell leukemia, intravenous, subcutaneous
ROLE OF BIOMARKERS AS PREDICTORS OF INFECTION AND DEATH IN NEUTROPENIC FEBRILE PATIENTS AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.
Authors: Massaro Karim , Costa Silvia F
Published: October 2015

An ideal marker in the neutropenic population after HSCT is the one which indicates the onset of fever, or at most up to 24 hours after its onset, the patients under potential risk for infection due to bacterial and fungi and mortality. Several biomarkers have been used in HSCT patients in the last decade. However, it seems that C-RP and Il-6 are the most useful markers to early detected infection and risk for death.
Voorbeelde van kulturele artefakte in die voorbereiding van ’n wiskundeles
Authors: Spangenberg Erica D.
Published: October 2015

South Africa, with its diverse cultural groups, has a rich variety of cultural artefacts based on mathematics. Mathematics, according to the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement for Mathematics in the Further Education and Training Phase, is defined as a human activity, which includes mathematical investigations in physical and social phenomena, well aligned with ethno mathematics. Teachers from various cultural groups, however, have limited knowledge of cultural artefacts and this knowledge does not receive sufficient attention during teacher training. The purpose of this article is to investigate examples of cultural artefacts in the preparation of a mathematics lesson. The study is situated in a socio-cultural context. Nineteen mathematics student-teachers from different cultural groups enrolled for a B.Ed. Honours degree, were invited to participate. A qualitative research design, with research reports and one-on-one interviews as data collection instruments, was adopted. The mathematics student-teachers conducted a research project that expected from them to include cultural artefacts in a mathematics lesson. The data was analysed according to themes, subthemes and codes. Findings reveal that participants used different examples of cultural artefacts, which include cultural dwellings, clothing, games and artworks. The article contributes to the introduction of cultural artefacts in a mathematics lesson.
Aplicación de nuevas tecnologías en la Arqueología de la Guerra Civil: Los Yesares, Pinto (Madrid)
Authors: Díaz Moreno Miguel Ángel , Crespo Fraguas Ángela , Farjas Abadía Mercedes , Ruíz Serrano Carlos , Martínez Pardo-Gil Guillermo , Alfonso Carbajosa Esther , Pereira Sieso Juan , Isabel Ludeña Sergio , Del Castillo Bargueño Inés
Published: October 2015

The surveys carried out in the municipality of Pinto (Madrid) have enabled us to locate various structural remains linked to the military operations that took place around the capital during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). In order to identify and record them, surveys were complemented with the use of GPS and air photographs from different time periods. Afterwards, and in collaboration with researchers from various universities, further methods aimed at generating a complete special representation of the area were applied directly to one of the sites which produced the best results, known as "los Yesares". These methods include topographic mapping that resulted in cartographic material at different scales, the photographic recording with flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and the use of land scanners and GPS-corrected photogrammetrics with which to obtain 3D models. 
Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Goal Attainment Scaling in Occupational Therapy Nonclassroom Educational Experiences
Authors: Koski Jeanette , Richards Lorie Gage
Published: October 2015

Occupational therapy programs are charged with measuring student progress in nonclassroom experiential components (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2012). Currently, the major nonclassroom educational experience is Level II fieldwork. Level II performance is assessed using the Fieldwork Performance Evaluation, which is inappropriate for measuring doctoral-level experiential component achievement. This study’s purpose was to determine test–retest reliability and sensitivity of Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) for assessing skill development in nonclassroom occupational therapy experiences. GAS demonstrated high test–retest reliability for each of the five goals, and we found a significant amount of change on the GAS, with higher scores at the 12-wk than at the 6-wk assessment. Results indicate that the GAS is reliable and sensitive to changes in student performance on Level II fieldwork and may therefore warrant investigation as a valid tool to measure student performance in the entry-level doctoral experiential component.
Wheelchair Transfer Simulations to Enhance Procedural Skills and Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Baird Joanne M. , Raina Ketki D. , Rogers Joan C. , O’Donnell John , Holm Margo B.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE. We describe an educational intervention that involved simulation scenarios of medically complex patients to teach transfer training and promote clinical reasoning.

METHOD. Scenarios were developed with practitioner input that described (1) a patient who was acutely ill, (2) a critical medical management event that occurred during a bed-to-wheelchair transfer of the patient, and (3) an occupational need. Transfer training, using the scenarios, occurred in a high-technology laboratory with SimMan® and a mock hospital suite. Evaluation was based on student performance and perceptions of simulation effectiveness.

RESULTS. On average, students completed 66%–88% of the transfer items correctly. Student performance suggested that the simulation scenarios were more difficult than practitioners rated them. Students rated the simulation scenarios as effective teaching tools.

CONCLUSION. Scenario use in simulations for transfer training makes a positive curricular contribution to teaching procedural skills and clinical reasoning simultaneously.
National Survey of Fieldwork Educators: Implications for Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: Evenson Mary E. , Roberts Michael , Kaldenberg Jennifer , Barnes Mary Alicia , Ozelie Rebecca
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to gain information on the current status of fieldwork training facilities to understand facilitators of and barriers to fieldwork education, including fieldwork educators’ perceptions of benefits, challenges, and valued supports.

METHOD. A descriptive, nonexperimental exploratory design was used. A pilot survey was conducted, and a revised online survey, consisting of 49 items, was distributed nationwide in Fall 2013.

RESULTS. Opportunity to update practice was the most commonly perceived benefit associated with fieldwork, and workload or time was the greatest perceived challenge. Readiness and high-quality preparation of students by academic programs were the most valued supports. Participants also identified preferred time frames and supervisory models of fieldwork education.

CONCLUSION. Interpretation of these data provides valuable information for the profession, notably academic programs, regarding needs and resources to foster collaborative relationships with fieldwork facilities to meet the growing need for fieldwork education.
The impacts of volcanic aerosol on stratospheric ozone and the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex: separating radiative-dynamical changes from direct effects due to enhanced aerosol heterogeneous chemistry
Authors: Muthers S. , Arfeuille F. , Raible C. C. , Rozanov E.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. After major volcanic eruptions the enhanced aerosol causes ozone changes due to greater heterogeneous chemistry on the particle surfaces (HET-AER) and from dynamical effects related to the radiative heating of the lower stratosphere (RAD-DYN). We carry out a series of experiments with an atmosphere–ocean–chemistry–climate model to assess how these two processes change stratospheric ozone and Northern Hemispheric (NH) polar vortex dynamics. Ensemble simulations are performed under present day and preindustrial conditions, and with aerosol forcings representative of different eruption strength, to investigate changes in the response behaviour. We show that the halogen component of the HET-AER effect dominates under present-day conditions with a global reduction of ozone (−21 DU for the strongest eruption) particularly at high latitudes, whereas the HET-AER effect increases stratospheric ozone due to N2O5 hydrolysis in a preindustrial atmosphere (maximum anomalies +4 DU). The halogen-induced ozone changes in the present-day atmosphere offset part of the strengthening of the NH polar vortex during mid-winter (reduction of up to −16 m s-1 in January) and slightly amplify the dynamical changes in the polar stratosphere in late winter (+11 m s-1 in March). The RAD-DYN mechanism leads to positive column ozone anomalies which are reduced in a present-day atmosphere by amplified polar ozone depletion (maximum anomalies +12 and +18 DU for present day and preindustrial, respectively). For preindustrial conditions, the ozone response is consequently dominated by RAD-DYN processes, while under present-day conditions, HET-AER effects dominate. The dynamical response of the stratosphere is dominated by the RAD-DYN mechanism showing an intensification of the NH polar vortex in winter (up to +10 m s-1 in January). Ozone changes due to the RAD-DYN mechanism slightly reduce the response of the polar vortex after the eruption under present-day conditions.
Substantial secondary organic aerosol formation in a coniferous forest: observations of both day and night time chemistry
Authors: Lee A. K. Y. , Abbatt J. P. D. , Leaitch W. R. , Li S.-M. , Sjostedt S. J. , Wentzell J. J. B. , Liggio J. , Macdonald A. M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Substantial biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) formation was investigated in a coniferous forest mountain region at Whistler, British Columbia. A largely biogenic aerosol growth episode was observed, providing a unique opportunity to investigate BSOA formation chemistry in a forested environment with limited influence from anthropogenic emissions. Positive matrix factorization of aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement identified two types of BSOA (BSOA-1 and BSOA-2), which were primarily generated by gas-phase oxidation of monoterpenes and perhaps sesquiterpenes. The temporal variations of BSOA-1 and BSOA-2 can be explained by gas-particle partitioning in response to ambient temperature and the relative importance of different oxidation mechanisms between day and night. While BSOA-1 will arise from gas-phase ozonolysis and nitrate radical chemistry at night, BSOA-2 is less volatile than BSOA-1 and consists of products formed via gas-phase oxidation by the OH radical and ozone during the day. Organic nitrates produced through nitrate radical chemistry can account for 22–33 % of BSOA-1 mass at night. The mass spectra of BSOA-1 and BSOA-2 have higher values of the mass fraction of m/z 91 (f91) compared to the background organic aerosol, and so f91 is used as an indicator of BSOA formation pathways. A comparison between laboratory studies in the literature and our field observations highlights the potential importance of gas-phase formation chemistry of BSOA-2 type materials that may not be captured in smog chamber experiments, perhaps due to the wall loss of gas-phase intermediate products.
Site selection for a countrywide temporary network in Austria: noise analysis and preliminary performance
Authors: Fuchs F. , Kolínský P. , Gröschl G. , Apoloner M.-T. , Qorbani E. , Schneider F. , Bokelmann G.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Site selection is a crucial part of the work flow for installing seismic stations. Here, we report the preparations for a countrywide temporary seismic network in Austria. We describe the specific requirements for a multi-purpose seismic array with 40 km station spacing that will be operative approximately three years. Reftek 151 60 s sensors and Reftek 130/130S digitizers form the core instrumentation of our seismic stations which are mostly installed inside abandoned or occasionally used basements or cellars. We present probabilistic power spectral density analysis to assess noise conditions at selected sites and show exemplary seismic events that were recorded by the preliminary network by the end of July 2015.