bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early detection and prevention of oral cancer: an appraisal
Authors: Agrawal Swati , Saxena Vrinda , Jain Swapnil , Sharva Vijayta , Sarangi Shibani , Thakur Chandrahas
Published: December 2019

Oral cancers (OC) represent the majority of head and neck cancers with more than half million patients being affected each year worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth commonest cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 4% of all cancers. Therefore, an improvement in the prevention and control of oral cancer is of critical importance. This may be achieved by reducing the risk through avoidance of tobacco and alcohol, recognizing and treating premalignant lesions and detecting developed OC at an early stage. Data search for the present review was done electronically. Electronic search was conducted using databases such as Pubmed and Medline, Cochrane library, articles published in peer-reviewed journals, text books, grey literature and from sites of World Health Organization, Centre For Diseases Control Report, Global Adult Tobacco Survey and Global Youth Tobacco Survey reports. This review ruled out web of causation and web of prevention including early detection and prevention to be an ideal strategy to reduce the prevalence of oral cancer and its impact on quality of life. Screening and early detection in population at risk have been proposed to decrease both morbidity and mortality associated with the oral cancer.
Writing a project proposal: addendum to development of diabetes register series
Authors: Nwose Ezekiel U.
Published: December 2019

The summary of the series on development of diabetes register in low-mid income country indicated that there is capacity for diabetes services in every hospital, but quality of service needs to improve at all tiers of the healthcare system. The “need to develop proposal for healthcare service improvement” was highlighted.
Rethinking Orientalism of Muslims in Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s Infidel
Authors: Abubakar Isa Sadiya , Yaapar Md Salleh , Haji Muhammad Suzana
Published: December 2019

Edward Said’s Orientalism questions the Western representation of the Eastern ‘other’, especially the Arab Muslims. A misrepresentation that has always treated the orient with inferiority; as barbaric and backward compared to the refined, reasoning and advanced Occident. This form of representation is what Ayaan Hirsi Ali embarked on in her bestselling memoir Infidel (2007). It chronicles her geographical journey from Somalia to Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Kenya and the Netherlands, and her flight from Islam to Atheism. A belief system she finds more appealing to reasoning than Islam which is (according to her) backward and barbaric. Her steadfast criticism of Islam is vividly reflected in her memoir, which ascribes the oppression and tribulations of women to Islam, irrespective of geographical or cultural influence.  Such claims are tantamount to feminist Orientalism of Muslim women, whose claims of liberating Muslim women and rescuing them from the oppressive Islam cannot be overemphasized. This paper argues that the practices of misogyny are rooted in culture and not Islam. Thus, it investigates three main points which are central to the ‘Islam oppresses women’ debate: Female Genital Mutilation, Early and/or Forced Marriage and Women as sex objects. Edward Said’s Culture and Imperialism as a continuation of Orientalism, propose solutions to the identified problems in Orientalism, which is to unread the misrepresentations by identifying submerged details. Through a contrapuntal reading of Infidel (2007), this study counter-narrates the distortion of Islam by drawing upon authentic Islamic sources.
Estimación de la tasa de sacrificio para México, 1998Q1-2018Q4
Authors: Loría Eduardo , Tirado Raúl , Valdez Javier
Published: December 2019

Romer y Romer (1989) demostraron, para Estados Unidos, que la política monetaria es exitosa en reducir la inflación solo si es capaz de generar recesión económica. Si esto es cierto, la política desinflacionaria que ha aplicado el Banco de México tiene un costo en producto y empleo, por lo que no es socialmente neutral.Con una curva de Phillips Aceleracionista con brecha de desempleo, calculamos la tasa de sacrificio en México (2002Q1-2018Q4) y encontramos que la brecha de desempleo necesaria para reducir en un punto la inflación es de 2.525 puntos porcentuales.Mostramos que esta curva de Phillips es lineal y no presenta cambios estructurales y sugerimos que desde que se abandonó “el corto” en 2008 la política monetaria ha ganado eficiencia, y que la pérdida de empleo que genera es transitoria porque la economía no ha salido de su trayectoria de equilibrio de mediano plazo.
Türkçenin Ses Dizgesi (Prof. Dr. İclal Ergenç ve Dr. İ. Pınar Bekar Uzun Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları. 2017)
Authors: KOPKALLI YAVUZ Handan
Published: December 2019

Türkçenin Ses Dizgesi sesbilim ve sesbilgisinin temel konularını ele alan
ve genel olarak sese giriş niteliğinde bir kitap olarak karşımıza
çıkmaktadır.  Bu alanda Türkçe yazılmış
kitapların sayısının oldukça az olması nedeniyle Türkçenin Ses Dizgesi önemli bir açık kapatmakta olup Dilbilim ve
Türkçe bölüm öğrencileri için bir kaynak kitabı olma özelliğine sahiptir.
Shear Bond Strength of Brackets Bonded with Self-Etching Primers Compared to Conventional Acid-Etch Technique: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Farhadian Nasrin , Miresmaeili Amirfarhang , Shahidi Zandi Vahid
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with conventional acid-etch (AE) technique and self-etching primers (SEP).
Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients, requiring extraction of two bicuspids for orthodontic reasons, were recruited. In each individual, following blinding and allocation concealment, one intact premolar received conventional AE, whereas the contralateral premolar received SEP with a split-mouth design. Bonded brackets remained in the oral cavity for two months. Afterward, the teeth were extracted without debonding the brackets. SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were measured using a Universal Instron machine and a stereomicroscope, respectively.
Results: The mean SBS of the conventional AE and SEP groups was 9.53 and 9.20 MPa, respectively. Paired t-test showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.096). Comparison of ARI between the two groups, using Wilcoxon test, indicated that significantly less adhesive remained on enamel with brackets bonded with SEP compared to brackets bonded with conventional AE (P<0.001) although the SBS was higher in the AE group.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that although there is no significant difference in SBS between SEP and conventional AE for bonding orthodontic metal brackets, the amount of residual adhesive on the enamel surface is significantly less with SEP than with conventional AE.
(IRCT registration number: IRCT201705099086N3).
A Novel Strategy for Enhance Potentiation of Meglumine antimo-niate against Leishmania major In Vitro
Authors: MIRZAEI Farzaneh , KHANAHMAD Hossein , NAMDAR Fatemeh , IZADI Shahrokh , HEJAZI Seyed Hossein
Published: December 2019

Background: We aimed to design a different method of drug delivery for increased transfer of the choice drug (meglumine antimoniate) within the host cells. Therefore, listeriolysin O (LLO), a bacterial product which is a member of pore-forming peptides was used as an enhancer factor with meglumine antimoniate in order to facilitate the transition of the drug across macrophage membrane.
Methods: LLO was produced in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2016, by expressing the hlyA gene in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity chromatography. Cytotoxicity of the purified protein was investigated in an in vitro model of macrophage Leishmania infection.
Results: LLO was cytotoxic against murine macrophage cells (J774-A1) and amastigote forms of L. major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). It was less toxic to macrophages (CC50=2.56 μg ml-1 ±0.09) than to the parasites (IC50=1.72 μg ml-1 ±0.07). Moreover, non-cytotoxic concentration of LLO (0.006 ug ml-1) potentiated the cytotoxicity induced by low dose concentration of meglumine antimoniate. Very little dose of meglumine antimoniate was needed when combined with the LLO (IC50=12.63 μg ml-1 ±0.13) in comparison with the cytotoxicity induced when the drug is used alone (IC50=46.17 μg ml-1 ±0.28).
Conclusion: The combination of pore-forming proteins with anti-leishmanial agents could increase the advantage of anti-leishmanial drugs. Since lower concentrations of anti-leishmanial drugs can reduce undesirable side effects of chemotherapy trials carried out in animal models and then in humans with this system.
Determination of the Infectivity of Cryopreserved Theileria annu-lata Sporozoites in Tick Derived Stabilates Iran Ak-93 Strain, by In Vivo and In Vitro Methods
Authors: MODIRROUSTA Hossein , HABIBI Gholamreza , SHAYAN Parviz , AFSHARI Asghar , MIRJALILI Ali , ABDIGOUDARZI Mohamad
Published: December 2019

Background: The protozoan parasite Theileria annulata is the causative agent of tropical theileriosis in cattle. Vaccination is recommended by administration of attenuated schizont-infected cell lines. The expected protective immunity post-vaccination can be demonstrated by challenge test through inoculation of highly virulent infective sporozoites. The aim of this study was to produce Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum tick infected with T. annulata (local strain) for preparation of tick-derived sporozoite stabilates for molecular characterization and infectivity test assay.
Methods: A local T. annulata strain was used for experimental infection of calves. A field isolate of H. a. anatolicum was isolated, laboratory-reared and infected by blood-feeding on Theileria infected above-mentioned calves. The infectivity of calf, tick and prepared stabilate were confirmed by clinical signs of theileriosis, microscopic inspection, RT-PCR and in vitro cell culture.
Results: The tick stabilate was prepared and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. The infectivity of the tick stabilate was verified by in vivo bioassay, in vitro cell culture infection, microscopic inspection in salivary glands and RT-PCR assay. The in vitro produced cell line in this study was characterized by T. annulata Cytochrome b gene analyzing.
Conclusion: The infectivity of a new prepared tick-derived sporozoite stabilate was confirmed in susceptible calves; by microscopically, post mortem, tick microscopic and molecular assays. Moreover, naïve PBMCs were transformed and proliferated by T. annulata infected tick stabilate to immortal T. annulata schizont infected cell line. The potent infective sporozoite tick derived stabilate could be used for vaccine efficacy and challenge test as well as in vaccine development.
Molecular Identification of Free-Living Amoebae (Naegleria spp., Acanthamoeba spp. and Vermamoeba spp.) Isolated from Unim-proved Hot Springs, Guilan Province, Northern Iran
Authors: FEIZ HADDAD Mohammad Hossein , KHOSHNOOD Saeed , MAHMOUDI Mohammad Reza , HABIBPOUR Habib , ALI Selman A. , MIRZAEI Habibollah , FEIZ HADDAD Rezvan , AHMADIANGALI Kambiz
Published: December 2019

Background: This study was conducted to determine the presence and molecular identify of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba in unimproved hot springs.
Methods: From Jul to Aug 2017, 54 water samples were collected from hot springs in different parts of the Guilan Province, North Iran. For the isolation of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba approximately 500 ml of the water samples were filtered through a cellulose nitrate membrane with a pore size of 0.45 μm. The filter was transferred onto non-nutrient agar plates seeded with Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) as a food source. The morphological key of page was used to identify free‐living amoebae (FLA) using an inverted microscope, PCR amplification targeting specific genes for each genus and sequencing determined frequent species and genotypes base on NCBI database.
Results: Fifteen of the 54 samples were positive by culture and/or PCR for Acanthamoeba and other FLA from unimproved hot springs. By sequencing the positive isolates, the strains were shown to belong to Acanthamoeba castellanii (12 case isolates belonged to T4 genotype), 4 cases of V. vermiformis, and 3 cases of N. australiensis, 2 cases of N. pagei and 1 cases of N. gruberi.
Conclusion: Although FLA-mediated illnesses are not as high as in environmental distribution, but because of a poor prognosis, more investigations about FLA distribution in hot springs is critical. Hot spring may enhance exposure of the amoebae in individuals. Hence, more attention to unimproved hot springs is needed to prevent free-living amoebae mediated diseases.
A Metabolomic Investigation of the Effect of Eosin B on Gameto-cyte of Plasmodium falciparum using 1HNMR Spectroscopy
Authors: SADEGHI TAFRESHI Alireza , ZAMANI Zahra , SABBAGHIAN Marjan , KHAVARI-NEJAD Ramezan Ali , ARJMAND Mohammad , SADEGHI Sedigheh , MOHAMMADI Maryam
Published: December 2019

Background: Recently eosin B was shown to have an effect on the asexual stage of Plasmodium falciparum and in this study, its activity against gametocytes and changes in the culture medium metabolites were investigated using an1HNMR-based metabolomics approach.
Methods: In the Biochemistry Department of Pasteur Institute of Iran in 2017, parasites were cultured and gametocytogenesis induced by heparin and 5% hematocrit. Sexual stage parasites were tested by eosin B in 90 well plates and IC50 determined using Lactate Dehydrogenase assay. Gametocytes were treated by IC50 dose of eosin B and the medium collected in the two groups: with eosin B and controls and sent for 1HNMR spectroscopy. The spectra were analyzed on MATLAB interface and the altered metabolites in the culture medium and eosin-affected biochemical pathways were identified by Human Metabolome Database and Metaboanalyst website.
Results: The results revealed eosin B had an effective gametocytocidal activity against P. falciparum. The significant metabolites changed in the medium were thiamine, Asp, Asn, Tyr, Lys, Ala, Phenylpyruvic acid, NAD+ and lipids. The main pathways identified were aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Phenylalanine metabolism, Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and lysine degradation.
Conclusion: Eosin B exhibited substantial gametocytocidal activity and affected important drug targets in the Plasmodium.
Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia Growth Alterations by Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-DE LA FUENTE Abraham Octavio , GOMEZ-FLORES Ricardo , HEREDIA-ROJAS José Antonio , GARCÍA-MUÑOZ Edna Marbella , VARGAS-VILLARREAL Javier , HERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA Magda Elizabeth , GONZÁLEZ-SALAZAR Francisco , GARZA-GONZÁLEZ , Jesús Norberto , BELTCHEVA Michaela , HEREDIA-RODRÍGUEZ Omar
Published: December 2019

Background: There is an increasing interest in using physical factors such as magnetic fields as antimicrobial strategy, with variable results. The current study was aimed to evaluate the influence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on the axenically-cultured parasite protozoans Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia growth.
Methods: Bioassays were developed using T. vaginalis, GT-13 and G. lamblia IMSS-0989 strains cultured at 37 ºC in TYI-S-33 medium. The following treatment regimens and controls were considered: (a) cells exposed to ELF-EMFs, (b) untreated cells, (c) cells treated with Metronidazole, used as positive controls, and (d) cells co-exposed to ELF-EMFs and Metronidazole. When cultures reached the end of logarithmic phase, they were exposed to ELF-EMFs for 72 h, in a standardized magnetic field exposure facility. For determining cytotoxic effects, trophozoite density was blindly evaluated in a Neubauer chamber.
Results: A significant decrease in trophozoite growth was observed for T. vaginalis, in magnetic field-treated cultures. On the other hand, cultures co-exposed to ELF-EMFs and Metronidazole showed no significant differences when compared with cultures treated with Metronidazole alone. On the contrary, an increased trophozoite density was observed in G. lamblia cultures after exposure to magnetic fields. An absence of a synergistic or antagonistic effect was observed.
Conclusion: ELF-EMFs induced T. vaginalis and G. lamblia growth alterations, indicating a potential effect in cell cycle progression.
Taeniasis Saginata as Unexpected Cause in the Case of a Woman Scared of Getting Pregnant
Authors: PRASETYO Heru
Published: December 2019

This reported case occurred in non-endemic taeniasis area, and neither the patient nor her family members had habit of eating raw beef. So previously there was no suspicion of taeniasis, moreover the main complaint in the case of a 24-yr-old Javanese woman living in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, was that she wished to get pregnant. She scared of getting pregnant, because she felt weak and unfit which was not pretty good for fetus that will be conceived. Other complaint was only sometimes diarrhea. Laboratory test showed eosinophilia (12%). It caused suspicion of intestinal parasitic infection. The examination of stool specimen showed gravid proglottids and the eggs were identified from Taenia saginata tapeworm. Treatment with albendazole successfully expelled the adult worm, and as days passed by, she felt better and healthier, and after seven months we found her to be pregnant.
Computed Tomography Findings of Ruptured Hepatic Hydatid Cyst into the Pericardial Space: A Case Report
Authors: ÖZKAÇMAZ Sercan
Published: December 2019

Hydatidosis, is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Although the disease most commonly affects liver and lungs, almost all organ and tissue involvements are documented. Rupture into pericardial space which may lead to pericardial effusion, pericarditis and pericardial tamponade, can be seen especially in the patients with cardiac hydatidosis. But rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst into the pericardial space through a transdiaphragmatic fistula is very rare. In this report, we present imaging findings of a type III hepatic hydatid cyst lesion which ruptured spontaneously into pericardial space and caused pericardial effusion.
Being Married Increases Life Expectancy of White but Not Black Americans
Authors: Assari Shervin , Bazargan Mohsen
Published: December 2019

Objective: The positive effect of high socioeconomic position (SEP) on health is well established. According Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, however, the SEP-health link is smaller for Blacks compared to Whites. Using a 25-year follow up data of a national sample, this study tested racial differences in the effects of marital status on life expectancy among American adults.
Materials and methods: The data of Americans’ Changing Lives (ACL, 1986 – 2011) were used. The ACL is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study followed 3,361 White or Blacks adults from 1986 to 2011. The predictor of interest was marital status in 1986. Confounders included demographic factors (age and gender), SEP (education and employment), health behaviors (drinking, smoking, and physical activity), and health status (depressive symptoms, chronic disease, and self-rated health) all measured at baseline. Race was the moderator variable. All-cause mortality was the main dependent variable (outcome). Cox proportional hazard modeling was applied for data analysis.
Results: In the overall sample, individuals who were married at baseline had a lower risk of mortality during the 25 years of follow up. Race altered the effect of marital status on life expectancy, indicating smaller protective effect for Blacks relative to Whites. Race –specific Cox regression models showed an association between marital status and life expectancy for White but not Black Americans.
Conclusion: In line with the MDRs theory, the health gain that follows marital status is diminished for Black Americans compared to White Americans. Only equalizing SEP across racial groups may not be adequate for eliminating racial/ethnic health inequalities. Policies should go beyond SEP and reduce societal and structural barriers that disproportionately hinder Blacks from translating their SEP indicators to desirable health outcomes.
Race and Length of Time Pursuing Pregnancy Among Women Who Utilized Medical Help to Get Pregnant
Authors: Olig Emily , Mountan Shanalee , Beal James R , Sahmoun Abe E
Published: December 2019

Objective: The evaluation of racial disparities in access to and use of infertility services in the U.S. has been documented. The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate racial differences in length of time women report attempting to become pregnant until seeking medical help; and 2) determine the predictors of seeking medical help to achieve pregnancy.
Materials and methods: The National Survey of Family Growth 2011-2015 was used to analyze the duration women attempted to get pregnant among those who sought medical help.
Results: 563 women reported seeking medical help to achieve pregnancy. The majority 422 (81%) were white. Multiple linear regression showed that age (β = .93; p = .00), having less than high school education (β = 14.64; p = .01), and higher body mass index (β = .59; p = .00) are significantly associated with an increased length of time for seeking medical help to get pregnant. Religions other than Catholic or Protestant (β = -8.63; p = .04) is significantly associated with a decreased length of time for seeking medical help to get pregnant. Race was not associated with a significant difference in the length of time attempting to become pregnant (β = -1.80; p = .44).
Conclusion: Age, education attainment, religious affiliation, and body mass index are significantly associated with the length of time pursuing pregnancy. Once women have utilized medical resources, racial differences in the length of time pursuing pregnancy are not apparent
Effect of Perineal Massage on the Rate of Episiotomy
Authors: Akhlaghi Farideh , Sabeti Baygi Zeynab , Miri Mohsen , Najaf Najafi Mona
Published: December 2019

Objective: Women frequently experience perineal damage after a vaginal delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perineal massage (PM) during labor on the need for episiotomies.
Materials and methods: The study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted with 99 patients (n=49 controls; n=50 cases). Participants comprised of nulliparous pregnant women aged from 18 to 35 years in the 37th-42nd week of gestation, who referred to the Um-al-Banin Hospital of Mashhad from July to October 2018, for vaginal delivery and were in the active stage of labor. Allocation to study groups was based on a random allocation list generated by a software application. PM was performed for the cases in the active stage four times, each lasting for two minutes at intervals of half an hour. The massage was continued at the beginning of the second stage of labor for ten minutes. Control women received routine care. The delivery was practiced by a midwife who was blinded to the study groups and the performance or non-performance of massage. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16.
Results: The need for episiotomy was significantly lower in the PM group than in the control group (p = 0.05). Spontaneous perineal tears were significantly higher in mothers of the PM group (p = 0.05. The spontaneous tear degree in the 20 mothers who did not require episiotomy (p = 0.5) and the degree of perineal tear in mothers who needed an episiotomy (n = 79; p = 0.1) were not significantly different in the two groups. In the PM group members who did not require episiotomy (n = 14) and the mother underwent a spontaneous tear, first-degree tears were more frequent than second-degree ones. The median duration of the active stage of labor until the stage completion was lower in the PM group than in the control group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.3). The median of the second stage duration in the control and intervention groups were 55 and 45 minutes, respectively, where the difference was significant (p = 0.002), and the median time of completion of the active stage until delivery in the PM group had reduced.
Conclusion: PM had a significant impact on the reduction of the need for episiotomies and the duration of the second stage of labor. Thus, it can be suggested as a safe, simple, low-cost, and effective technique to reduce the perineal damage during delivery.
The Effect of Topical Application of 0.1% Betamethasone Ointment on the Peritoneal Adhesion and Inflammation Following Laparotomy: A Histopathological Animal Experiment
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Abdollah , Mousavi Seyed Jaber , Ghasemi Maryam , Akbari Hooshang , Haqqani Ali
Published: December 2019

Adhesion band is one of the most important challenges after the operation. Regarding to the use of corticosteroid medications in inflammatory conditions, no studies have been conducted on the topical application, even though limited success have been reported with the systemic therapy. Since the systemic therapy of corticosteroids has its own limitation, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of using topical betamethasone on the prevention of peritoneal adhesion in an animal model. A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into two groups (control and betamethasone) and underwent laparotomy. Then, the adhesion was induced with the abrasion of dry gauze on the small intestine in both groups. In the betamethasone group, 0.1% betamethasone ointment was applied on the site of abrasion. After the 14 days, the animals were sacrificed, laparotomy was then performed with a U-shaped incision, and the number and location of the adhesions were reported. Histological parameters such as inflammatory reactions and collagen precipitations were evaluated, and neovascularization, abnormal mucosal proliferation, foreign body granulation, fibroblastic maturation were also observed. The results showed that the mean number of adhesions in the betamethasone and control groups were 1.08 and 1.17, respectively. Though betamethasone reduced the number of adhesions, the decrease was not statistically significant. Likewise, the results of histopathological evaluations showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Our study demonstrated that the local application of betamethasone ointment in a single dose after laparotomy could not be effective in preventing peritoneal adhesion and inflammatory processes. Further investigations with larger sample sizes treated with higher doses of corticosteroids are required to find better the effects of topical betamethasone ointment on the peritoneal adhesion and inflammation following laparotomy.
Diplopia; an Adverse Effect of Citalopram
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh , Ahmadi Amirhossein
Published: December 2019

Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 as a safe and well-tolerated antidepressant; the use of it may result in rare and sometimes dangerous side effects. Diplopia is a rare adverse effect of citalopram that comes with double vision and disrupts daily living. Currently, only two cases of citalopram-related diplopia have been internationally reported. The current paper presents a third reported case of diplopia following citalopram use in a healthy subject. A 47-year-old man involved in an accident was subsequently affected by serious depression. Following 6 months of a 40-mg daily dose of citalopram, the patient complained of itchy irritated eyes and double vision symptomatic of diplopia. He was referred to an eye specialist, who confirmed no apparent problems following an examination of the eye. After a decrease in the dose of citalopram, the eye symptoms steadily decreased and eventually disappeared. The rapid disappearance of diplopia subsequent to the discontinuing use of citalopram suggests an association between the adverse reaction and the medicine. As a result, it is recommended that physicians inform patients of the possibility of induction of diplopia related to the use of citalopram and other SSRIs. In the future, the prescription of SSRIs at higher doses may be ordered with and on the recommendation of patients, who have been aware of the risks of the drug.
Development of docking programs for Lomonosov supercomputer
Authors: SULİMOV Vladimir , ILİN İvan , KUTOV Danil , SULİMOV Alexey
Published: December 2019

The initial step of
the rational drug design pipeline extremely needs an increase in effectiveness.
This can be done using molecular modeling: docking and molecular dynamics.
Docking programs are popular now due to their simple idea, quickness and ease
of use. Nevertheless accuracy of these programs still leaves much to be desired
and discovery by chance and experimental screening still play an important
role. Docking performs ligand positioning in the target protein and estimates
the protein-ligand binding free energy. While in many cases positioning
accuracy of docking is satisfactory, the accuracy of binding energy
calculations is insufficient to perform the hit-to-lead optimization. The
accuracy depends on many approximations which are built into the respective
model. We show that all simplifications restricting docking accuracy can be withdrawn
and this can be done on the basis of modern supercomputer facilities allowing
to perform docking of one ligand using many thousand computing cores. We
describe in short the SOL docking program which is used during years for
virtual screening of large ligand databases using supercomputer resources of
LomonosovMoscow State University. SOL to some extent is organized similarly to
popular docking programs and reflects their limitations and advantages. We
present our supercomputer docking programs, FLM and SOL-P, developed over the
past 5 years for Lomonosov supercomputer of Moscow State University. These
programs are free of most important simplifications and their performance shows
the road map of the docking accuracy improvement. Some results of their
performance for very flexible ligand docking into the rigid protein and docking
of flexible ligands into the protein with some moveable protein atoms are
presented. The so-called quasi-docking approach 
combining a force field and quantum chemical methods is described and it
is shown that best docking accuracy is reached with the PM7 method and the
COSMO solvent model.
A Virtual Vocabulary Teacher for Language Distinction Training of Immigration Officers
Authors: Kubilay Yasemin , Kubilay Ibrahim Atakan
Published: December 2019

Learning and studying a language is not only about learning its grammatical structures and syntactic properties. It also has a lot to do with encountering a new culture, experiencing it firsthand and learning about it. Someone who has encountered a new language and observed people using it natively, will instinctively compare and that new culture to his and come up with several syntheses. This study is about to determine and examine linguistic problems, revealing, with what kind of linguistic classifications students struggle throughout the learning process and to examine the advantages of which language learning strategies suits best for Turkish students in middle school, high school levels and university levels , as well as, German , Irish , French, Danish (held by the Comenius Lifelong Learning project to the EU-National Agency support) Spanish at the high school level and college-level Moroccan , South-North- Central African , Iranian and Afghan students (TOMER). Three questions have been tried to answered in this study; How do the students classify their linguistic problems, how do their life experiences play a role in them becoming aware of their own linguistic capabilities and lastly, which language learning methods help them best in overcoming difficulties faced in everyday situations. Also, we have researched the virtual sides deeply in these areas. Our study consists of a B2 level language learner (CEF), the learners’ vocabulary resource, the methodologies used in vocabulary teaching, analysing the lessons and their assessment with feedback and results. We have taken the data from the departments of computer and linguistics sciences. The purpose of our study is to model various methods and explain through examples, the teaching of Turkish language to students of various age groups. We investigate language teaching for foreigners all over the world according to some new approaches that we study for ten years. Linguistics, ontology, neurolinguistics and learners who are children-babies and disabled humans. By the help of innovative researches, believe that good people deserve the good; actually, all people and living things. Science and new research serve this aim/goal.
Models of Financing and Organization of Health Care System-International Experience
Authors: Nigora Burieva
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes the features of financing and health care system in the world. The issues of scientific research are investigated using methods of comparison, generalization, empirical analysis. The problems of the mechanism of financing the health care system in Uzbekistan, the ways of their elimination and the author’s suggestions for improvement of the sphere are stated. The analysis of international experience drew the following conclusions: no country has a transparent model, no model is perfectly formed, and only one source of funds provides more than 70% of government spending on budget and insurance models. The most factors in ensuring sustainability such as access to free health care, efficient use of resources, and access to health care, the availability of employment mean that no state can meet all health care needs at the expense of public funds without personal insurance or additional payments. After analyzing the existing models of healthcare financing and organization applied by the leading countries, proposals were made for further phased improvement of healthcare financing in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Human Capital Investment as a Catalyst for Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria
Authors: Chijioke Amadi Kelvin , Amadi Alolote Ibim
Published: December 2019

Human capital development presupposes investments, activities, and processes facilitating the generation of technical and expert knowledge; skills, health or values that are embodied in people. It implies maintaining an appropriate balance and key massive human resource base and providing an encouraging environment for all individuals to be fully engaged and contribute to organizational or national goals. Human capital development is necessary in order for National development to occur. In addition, human capital development teaches people how to utilize the advantages of diverse thinking styles (analytical and intuitive) so that they achieve the best holistic practical solutions. Human capital development and training are basically the same. This paper aims to examine the meaning of human capital development in relation to nation-building. The authors also took a cursory look at the concept of business education and its roles for sustainable development for nation-building. The study examined human capital investment as a catalyst for sustainable economic environment in Nigeria. The broad objective of the study is to analyze the effect of human capital investment on the Nigerian economy from 1986 to2017. The data used for the study were sourced from the central bank statistical bulletin and national bureau of Statistics. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study reveal that there is a positive relationship between government expenditure on health and real gross domestic product. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) shows that 97.3% of variations in the real gross domestic product is being accounted for by government expenditure on education, government expenditure on health and gross capital formation while the remaining 2.7% is accounted for by variables not included in the model. The study suggests that Nigerian policymakers should pay more attention to the health sector and increase its yearly budgetary allocation to it. Nevertheless, the key to achieving best results lies not in ordinarily increasing particular budgetary allocation but rather in implementing a public expenditure and revenue and ensuring the usage of the allocated fund as transparently as possible.
Building Usage Attitude for Mobile Shopping Applications: an Emerging Market Perspective
Authors: Mushtaq Hammad , Jingdong Yan , Ahmed Mansoora , Ali Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Mobile commerce has gained pace in recent years, providingan extended interaction channel between consumers and online retailers. Regardless of a significant increase in mobile internet usage, the adoption of mobile e-commerce (MC) services has not been as far-reached in the growing economies of the world. Recently, research in the e-commerce applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) indicated contradicting results.Some research studies found perceived usefulness has a significant effect on online purchase attitude, whereas in another study it was insignificant. We understand this, among many other factors, to be a consequence of the different levels of internet usage and its penetration in the region. We performed this study in Pakistan origin, a growing economy, where internet usage has significantly increased in the last decade or so. The e-commerce industry reviews pointed out that low consumer trust and poor logistics might be the key constraints in B2C mobile e-commerce adoption in Pakistan. Based on these grounds we adapted TAM by including consumer trust belief in mobile e-commerce and excluding perceived ease of use, as many research studies reported it insignificant for online shopping context. The proposition developed that trust in online shopping has an impact on improved perceptions about the usefulness of this interaction channel between online buyers and sellers. This positive usage attitude facilitates favorable online purchase intentions. The research conducted based on empirical evidence from Pakistan, and the model was developed on the bases of TAM, consumer trust in MC, and perceived usefulness and trust in mobile e-commerce. An online questionnaire survey was distributed to gather responses. Data analysis was performed with the partial least square technique or structured equation modeling. The research findings show that belief in trustworthiness of e-commerce has a more significant impact on usage attitude for mobile e-commerce as compared to PU. This implicates that online retailers in Pakistan should focus more on developing trust of their prospects by providing trust cues and other trust-building mechanisms. The research model empirically studied on evidence from Pakistan was first of its kind . In the future, the research can be conducted on specific categories of items (such as apparel fashion, technology base products) or services (such as traveling, hotels) developing effective strategies for retailers in B2C mobile e-commerce.
Presentación
Authors: Nóbile Carla
Published: December 2019

Presentamos en esta ocasión el segundo número del año 2019, dando continuidad al nuevo carácter semestral de nuestra publicación Anales de Investigación en Arquitectura perteneciente a la Cátedra de Historia y Teoría de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad ORT Uruguay.

Contamos en esta edición con investigadores internacionales, así como también con la participación de egresados de nuestra facultad. La Dra. Claudia Shmidt indaga en el rol de Uruguay en la historiografía de la arquitectura moderna a través de un recorrido por diferentes representaciones entre la pertenencia rioplatense y la singularidad uruguaya. Dra. Lorena Marina Sánchez propone una aproximación a la preservación patrimonial residencial desde la concientización y participación del usuario como protagonistas de las acciones contemporáneas en el barrio histórico Loma Stella Maris de Mar del Plata. Dr. Horacio Caride investiga sobre los ámbitos de diversión nocturna vinculados al tango del Buenos Aires de comienzos del siglo XX donde se desarrollaron formas de sociabilización para una población principalmente inmigrante y masculina, marginada en su mayoría, del proyecto modernizador al que se enfrentaban. Arq. Ana Villalobos y Arq. Pablo Bianchi estudian las transformaciones en el Valle de Cacheuta en la provincia de Mendoza a partir de la modernidad de fines del siglo XIX con la incorporación de nuevas infraestructuras edilicias y de servicios para la consolidación del territorio.

Continuamos con la difusión de trabajos realizados por los recientes egresados de la Facultad de Arquitectura con la participación de Arq. Mariángeles Longo y Arq. Irene Ríos en una reformulación en formato artículo de su memoria final de carrera donde abordan el programa entendido como estrategia táctico- operativa, como herramienta proyectual clave para la conceptualización del espacio en la arquitectura contemporánea.

El Consejo Editorial y la Dirección reiteran su invitación a los investigadores a presentar sus trabajos que posibiliten, en próximas entregas, una vez analizados y evaluados, acrecentar el intercambio conceptual y la difusión de la arquitectura latinoamericana.
Agua Florida. Lugares del tango en Buenos Aires a comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: Caride Horacio
Published: December 2019

Este texto trata de algunos lugares de diversión nocturna de una ciudad y de una sociedad de la que apenas quedan indicios. Con preeminencia masculina, su población era en su mayoría inmigrante, desarraigada, en buena medida analfabeta o de escasa instrucción y con un alto grado de precariedad laboral. El aluvión de trabajadores varones que arribaron a Buenos Aires entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX se enfrentaron a un proyecto modernizador que no necesariamente los incluía. La noche era una salida obligada que significaba bastante más que un mero esparcimiento. Allí se dieron formas de sociabilidad, donde las academias de baile operaron junto a los despachos de bebidas alcohólicas y bares como antesalas de los prostíbulos.
La modernidad en Mendoza (1890-1930): el enclave Cacheuta como testimonio de montaña
Authors: Bianchi Pablo Federico , Villalobos Ana María
Published: December 2019

Esta investigación se basa en la detección de una vacancia en la lectura integral de los bienes culturales del tramo medio del río Mendoza, en la provincia homónima del centro oeste de Argentina. Las investigaciones actuales han avanzado de manera parcializada en el estudio de bienes históricos que consolidaron el territorio de la cordillera mendocina, lo que dificulta enormemente su posibilidad de incorporación como recurso turístico y económico para la región.

Para la comprensión del problema se aborda un espacio físico de características particulares –importantes pendientes, relieve escarpado, vegetación achaparrada– en un tiempo histórico que revela la transición entre el final de siglo XIX y el comienzo del siglo XX, período conocido como la modernidad. A partir de un estudio de casos se revela la coexistencia de inversiones de gestión pública y privada. Puntualmente centramos el estudio en el valle de Cacheuta, donde vislumbramos que los efectos de la modernidad provocaron, además de la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y materialidades a los procesos productivos, nuevas formas de interacción social en relación con el ocio y sentaron las bases para el poblamiento histórico de la zona. El ferrocarril y la trama vial constituyen el hilo conductor que guió estas intervenciones pioneras.
DIPLOMATIC AND MILITARY AGENTS OF THE POLISH EMIGRATION IN THE ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES (1833–1849)
Authors: COSMA ELA
Published: December 2019

Before the 1848–1849 revolution, the Romanian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, under Turkish suzerainty and Russian protectorate, hosted a significant number of Poles belonging to both factions of the Polish Great Emigration, Adam Czartoryski’s circle and the democrats. The names and activity of the Poles emigrated in the Romanian Lands during the Peoples’ Spring are less known than those of the Polish Great Emigration in France and England. The study brings to light the diplomatic involvement (1833–1849) of leading characters among the Polish monarchists sent by Czartoryski and Michał Czajkowski in the Romanian national movement promoted by Ion Câmpineanu (1838), as well as their bounds and military support offered to Nicolae Bălcescu and other revolutionaries from Wallachia (1848). Special attention is paid to the activity unfolded by Polish democrats in Moldavia, in order to prepare and trigger an uprising in neighbouring Galicia (1846, 1848). Led by Faustyn Filanowicz, Teofil Wiśniowski, Ioan Loga, the democrats’ main accomplishment was the establishment of the Polish South Legion (1842), with operational basis in Grozeşti (Oituz) and military deployment in southern Moldavia and north-eastern Wallachia (1848). The study case of the Polish emigration in the Romanian Principalities between 1833–1849 reveals useful conclusions regarding the organization of the universal revolution, a phenomenon of world interest for nineteenth century history.
CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SERBIA AND ROMANIA IN THE 19th CENTURY: THE INTERNAL NEEDS AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: RAJIĆ SUZANA
Published: December 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of two important factors in the process of the constitutional organization of Serbia and Romania during the 19th century: the external factors and internal socio-political circumstances. Therefore, the constitutional models, modes and types of implementation are an important part of this work. Using analytical and comparative methods, I will discuss the similarities and differences in the processes of constitutionalization in one part of the Balkans region.
ECONOMIC AND ALTRUISTIC MOTIVES IN PHILANTHROPIC WORK OF THE CARNIOLAN SAVING BANK 1844–1908
Authors: HENIG MIŠČIČ NATAŠA
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the different reasons for very enthusiastic philanthropic work of the Carniolan Savings Bank. During the second half of the 19th century the social issue appeared in a changed form as an urgent question of improving the financial position of an increased number of poorer strata of the society. The management of the Carniolan Savings Bank was aware that the financial resources they collected could help with overcoming hardship and contribute to the general good. The board of the Carniolan Savings Bank donated a part of its net income for charity purposes every year. The paper deals with the period from 1844, the year of the proclamation of the Savings bank regulation, which allowed the use of surpluses for charitable and non-profit purposes. The period under scrutiny ends with the year 1908, when the Carniolan Savings Bank changed its policy of philanthropic activities because of the consequences that it faced after the “run” and boycott of the Slovenian part of the population in the Carniola province.