bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competitive sport after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children
Authors: Cafiero Giulia , Passi Flaminia , Calo’ Carducci Francesca Ippolita , Gentili Federica , Giordano Ugo , Perri Chiara , Hashem Said Melania , Turchetta Attililo
Published: November 2021

Background

With the gradual resumption of sports activities after the lock-down period for coronavirus pandemic, a new problem is emerging: Allow all athletes to be able to return to compete after SARS-CoV-2 infection in total safety. Several protocols have been proposed for healed athletes but all of them have been formulated for the adult population. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the adequacy of Italian practical recommendations for return-to-paly, in order to exclude cardiorespiratory complications due to COVID-19 in children and adolescents.

Methods

Between April 2020 and January 2021 the Italian Sports Medical Federation formulated cardiorespiratory protocols to be applied to athletes recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The protocols take into account the severity of the infection. Protocols include lung function tests, cardiopulmonary exercise test, echocardiographic evaluation, blood chemistry tests.

Results

From September 2020 to February 2021, 45 children and adolescents (aged from 9 to 18 years; male = 26) with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated according to the protocols in force for adult. 55.5% of the subjects (N = 25) reported an asymptomatic infection; 44.5% reported a mild symptomatic infection. Results of lung function test have exceeded the limit of 80% of the theoretical value in all patients. The cardiorespiratory capacity of all patients was within normal limits (average value of maximal oxigen uptake 41 ml/kg/min). No arrhythmic events or reduction in the ejection fraction were highlighted.

Conclusion

The data obtained showed that, in the pediatric population, mild coronavirus infection does not cause cardiorespiratory complications in the short and medium term. Return to play after Coronavirus infection seems to be safe but it will be necessary to continue with the data analysis in order to modulate and optimize the protocols especially in the pediatric field.
An appraisal on enablers for enhancement of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel production facilities using the interpretative structural modeling approach
Authors: Kukana Rajendra , Jakhar O. P.
Published: November 2021

With the continuous depletion of energy sources globally and serious concern regarding environmental degradation by the use of fossil fuel, biodiesel may play a key transponder. Biodiesel blended with diesel fuel achieves a decreased environmental footprint without losing the reliability of output and consumption. Biodiesel is produced from a variety of sources. Biodiesel generation from waste cooking oil (WCO) is effective for both the atmosphere and human health. Many research studies reported WCO biodiesel as a potential alternative fuel for internal combustion engine. The present study aims to provide key promoting and implementing agents for WCO utilization and WCO-based biodiesel production. A systematic literature review has been performed to identify enablers and the contextual relationship between various enablers was developed using interpretative structural modeling (ISM) and expert views. Using the method of ISM and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) methodology, the impact of enablers is studied. The findings revealed that all established enablers play an important role and are equally important promoters for the development of biodiesel based on WCO. The findings further suggest that human health issues, biodiesel processing plants, biodiesel support vehicles, and biodiesel production technology play a key role in the manufacture of biodiesel dependent on WCO. The most important leaders in the development of WCO biodiesel are government policy and funding, confidence in environmental issues, and financial assistance to biodiesel manufacturers.
A note on the approximate controllability of second-order integro-differential evolution control systems via resolvent operators
Authors: Vijayakumar Velusamy , Shukla Anurag , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Jamshed Wasim , Rezapour Shahram
Published: November 2021

The approximate controllability of second-order integro-differential evolution control systems using resolvent operators is the focus of this work. We analyze approximate controllability outcomes by referring to fractional theories, resolvent operators, semigroup theory, Gronwall’s inequality, and Lipschitz condition. The article avoids the use of well-known fixed point theorem approaches. We have also included one example of theoretical consequences that has been validated.
Some variants of Wardowski fixed point theorem
Authors: Nazam Muhammad , Aydi Hassen , Park Choonkil , Arshad Muhammad , Savas Ekrem , Shin Dong Yun
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to consider some F-contraction mappings in a dualistic partial metric space and to provide sufficient related conditions for the existence of a fixed point. The obtained results are extensions of several ones existing in the literature. Moreover, we present examples and an application to support our results.
Nitrogen use efficiency of terrestrial plants in China: geographic patterns, evolution, and determinants
Authors: Liao Jiaqiang , Li Zhaolei , Wang Jinsong , Tian Dashuan , Tian Di , Niu Shuli
Published: November 2021

Background

Plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an important ecological indicator that reflects the capacity of a plant to transform nitrogen into production, which is essential for further elucidating plant growth and terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Although there are a growing number of studies that address NUE changes at local scales, the variations of NUE over large spatial scales remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the geographic patterns of NUE and explored its phylogenic and environmental drivers across 1452 species at 1102 sites in China.

Results

NUE tended to decrease with latitude (r = − 0.56), whereas it increased with longitude (r = 0.54), and varied widely in different ecosystems and plant life forms. Furthermore, NUE was negatively correlated with plant foliar phosphorus concentration (r = − 0.53), soil pH (r = − 0.10), soil total phosphorus (r = − 0.13) and available phosphorus (r = − 0.05), but positively with the mean annual temperature (r = 0.32), annual precipitation (r = 0.27), and aridity index (r = 0.26). NUE was significantly altered with phylogeny and evolved toward a lower value (r = − 0.28), which may have been due to increasing nitrogen deposition and fixation in biogeochemical evolution. Overall, the combination of foliar phosphorus concentration, phylogeny, climate, and soil properties accounted for 52.7% of the total variations of NUE. In particular, foliar phosphorus concentration was the most important factor, whereas plant evolutionary history was second in contributing to NUE variations.

Conclusions

Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of plant stoichiometry and phylogeny in nitrogen cycling and suggests incorporating them into earth system models to better understanding plant growth and nitrogen cycling in the context of environmental changes.
Staphylococcus aureus - selective reporting of antibiogram results and its impact on antibiotic use: Interventional study with a reference group on the effect of switching from non-selective to selective antibiotic reporting
Authors: Lestin-Bernstein Franka , Harberg Ramona , Schumacher Ingo , Briedigkeit Lutz , Heese Oliver , Biedermann Kristina
Published: November 2021

Background

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies worldwide focus on optimising the use of antibiotics. Selective susceptibility reporting is recommended as an effective AMS tool although there is a lack of representative studies investigating the impact of selective susceptibility reporting on antibiotic use. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selective susceptibility reporting of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on antibiotic consumption. Enhancing the use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics such as flucloxacillin/cefazolin/cefalexin is one of the main goals in optimising antibiotic therapy of S. aureus infections.

Methods

This interventional study with control group was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Germany. During the one-year interventional period susceptibility reports for all methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were restricted to flucloxacillin/cefazolin/cefalexin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, gentamicin and rifampin/fosfomycin, instead of reporting all tested antibiotics. The impact of implementing selective reporting was analysed by monitoring total monthly antibiotic consumption in our hospital and in a reference hospital (recommended daily dose/100 occupied bed days: RDD/100 BD), as well as on an individual patient level by analysing days of therapy adjusted for bed days (DOT/ 100 BD) for patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) and respectively skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI).

Results

MSSA-antibiograms were acquired for 2836 patients. The total use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactams more than doubled after implementing selective reporting (from 1.2 to 2.8 RDD/100 BD, P < 0.001). The use of intravenous flucloxacillin/cefazolin for SAB rose significantly from 52 to 75 DOT/100 BD (plus 42%), just as the use of oral cefalexin for SSTI (from 1.4 to 9.4 DOT/100 BD, from 3 to 17 of 85/88 patients). Considering the overall consumption, there was no decrease in antibiotics omitted from the antibiogram. This was probably due to their wide use for other infections.

Conclusions

As narrow-spectrum beta-lactams are not widely used for other infections, their increase in the overall consumption of the entire hospital was a strong indicator that selective reporting guided clinicians to an optimised antibiotic therapy of S. aureus infections. On a patient level, this assumption was verified by a significant improved treatment of S. aureus infections in the subgroups of SAB and SSTI. As useful AMS tool, we recommend implementing selective reporting rules into the national/international standards for susceptibility reporting.
The pathology, phylogeny, and epidemiology of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5 genotype): a new case report of echinococcosis in China
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhu Aiya , Cai Hongying , Liu Baixue , Xie Gang , Jiang Rui , Zhang Ji , Xie Nanzi , Guan Yayi , Bergquist Robert , Wang Zhenghuan , Li Yang , Wu Weiping
Published: November 2021

Background

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of the complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a high social burden in China. E. ortleppi is a species (formerly genotype 5 of E. granulosus s.l.) with unique epidemic areas (tropical areas), transmission patterns (mainly cattle origin), and pathological characteristics (large and small hook lengths) compared to other species that cause CE. A 19-year-old female patient in an area with no history of echinococcosis in Guizhou Province, China, was diagnosed with E. ortleppi infection in 2019. This study is to understand the source of this human E.ortleppi infection.

Methods

We performed computer tomography (CT) scans, surgical operation, morphological sectioning, molecular diagnosis, phylogenetic analyses, and epidemiological investigation in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, China in 2019.

Results

The patient presented with intermittent distension and pain in the upper abdomen without other abnormal symptoms. Routine blood examination results were normal. However, abdominal CT revealed a fertile cyst with a diameter of approximately 8 cm, uniform density, and a clear boundary, but without an evident cyst wall in the right lobe of the liver. The cyst was fertile, and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates represented a new E. ortleppi genus haplotype. A result of 10‒14 years incubation period with indigenous infection was considered available for the case through the epidemiological survey.

Conclusions

CE due to E. ortleppi infection can be confused with other diseases causing liver cysts, resulting in misdiagnosis. A transmission chain of E. ortleppi may exist or existed in the past in the previously considered non-endemic areas of echinococcosis in southwestern China.

Graphic abstract
Fear of COVID-19 lead to procrastination among Turkish university students: The mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Doğanülkü Hacı Arif , Korkmaz Ozan , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: November 2021

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak has not only increased mortality but has also negatively affected mental health among populations across the world. Furthermore, individuals are experiencing uncertainty about their current and future situation because of the pandemic. Therefore, the present study investigated the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and procrastination among a sample of Turkish university students.

Methods

Between October and November 2020, 450 university students (291 females and 159 males aged 17 to 24 years) from three state universities in Turkey completed an online survey. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling methods were employed to examine a model for understanding the general procrastination during COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

The results of the correlation analysis indicated that the fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both intolerance of uncertainty (r = .26, p < .001) and procrastination (r = .23, p < .001). The mediation analysis also showed that intolerance of uncertainty had a significant mediating role in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and procrastination (β = .11, p < .001).

Conclusion

Reducing the fear of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty is likely to contribute to reducing individuals’ procrastination behaviors during the pandemic.
The role of ferroptosis in lung cancer
Authors: Wu Sikai , Zhu Chengchu , Tang Daolin , Dou Q. Ping , Shen Jianfei , Chen Xin
Published: November 2021

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Although medical treatment has made impressive progress in recent years, it is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women. Ferroptosis is a type of non-apoptotic cell death modality, usually characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, rather than caspase-induced protein cleavage. Excessive or lack of ferroptosis is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer and ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that targeting ferroptotic pathway is a potential strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the core mechanism and regulatory network of ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, and highlight ferroptosis induction-related tumor therapies. The reviewed information may provide new insights for targeted lung cancer therapy.
Modeling the transmission dynamics of racism propagation with community resilience
Authors: Mamo Dejen Ketema
Published: November 2021

Racism spreading can have a vital influence on people’s lives, declining adherence, pretending political views, and recruiters’ socio-economical crisis. Besides, Web 2.0 technologies have democratized the creation and propagation of racist information, which facilitated the rapid spreading of racist messages. In this research work, the impact of community resilience on the spread dynamics of racism was assessed. To investigate the effect of resilience-building, new SERDC mathematical model was formulated and analyzed. The racism spread is under control where $$R_0<1$$

R
0

<
1

, whereas persist in the community whenever $$R_0>1$$

R
0

>
1

. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters value of the model are conducted. The rising of transmission and racial extremeness rate provides the prevalence of racism spread. Effective community resilience decline the damages, mitigate, and eradicate racism propagation. Theoretical analysis of the model are backed up by numerical results. Despite the evidence of numerical simulations, reducing the transmission and racial extremeness rate by improving social bonds and solidarity through community resilience could control the spread of racism.
Comprehensive analysis of differences of N6-methyladenosine of lncRNAs between atrazine-induced and normal Xenopus laevis testis
Authors: Qi Xuejie , Geng Xiao , Zhang Juan , Qu Binpeng , Zhang Xin , Jia Qiang , Yin Wenhui , Bo Cunxiang , Liu Yan , Li Hao , Sai Linlin , Han Mingming , Peng Cheng
Published: November 2021

Background

Increasing evidence suggested N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is crucial for male germline development. However, m6A modification of lncRNAs gains a little attention in amphibians in recent years. Xenopus laevis (X. laevis) was chosen to be an ideal model organism for testing environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exposure and resultant effects. Atrazine (AZ) as an endocrine disrupt can effect development of testis in amphibians. Our previous study revealed that m6A is a highly conserved modification across the species.

Results

The results of m6A sequences showed that m6A-methylated lncRNAs enriched in intergenic region in testes of X. laevis. We further examined the differential expression of lncRNAs m6A sites in testes of AZ-exposed and compared with that in animals from control group. The results indicated that up to 198 differentially methylated m6A sites were detected within 188 lncRNAs, in which 89 significantly up-methylated sites and 109 significantly down-methylated sites. Data from KEGG pathway analysis indicated that AZ-affected lncRNAs m6A sites were mainly involved in 10 pathways in which 3 mutual pathways were found in the result of differentially m6A-methylated mRNAs.

Conclusions

These findings suggested that differentially m6A-methylated lncRNAs and these 3 pathways may act on regulatory roles in abnormal testis development of AZ-exposed X. laevis. This study for the first time provides insights into the profile of lncRNAs m6A modifications in amphibian species.
The impact of secondhand smoke exposure on the pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study among Egyptian community
Authors: Sobh Eman , Mohammed Asmaa Mahmoud , Adawy Zeinab , Nassef Aziza Hussein , Hasheesh Adel
Published: November 2021

Background

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure gained lesser interest than active smoking. There is evidence from previous studies that SHS exposure had negative effects on fetal growth. This study aimed to examine the effect of smoke exposure on pregnancy outcome and to evaluate the level of nicotine urinary end-product cotinine in pregnant women in the late trimester. We included 36 women with a history of SHS exposure and 48 women without a history of exposure; all were in last trimester of pregnancy. We measured cotinine level in urine and followed the two groups until delivery and recorded fetal outcomes. Fetal biophysical parameters and blood flow waveforms were measured using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively.

Results

The total range of the urinary cotinine creatinine ratio (CCR) concentration in the SHS exposed pregnant women was 0.01–0.2, IQR = 0.18 ng/mg.cr, versus 0.01–0.1, and IQR = 0.03 ng/mg.cr in the non-exposed group. The mean value as well as the mean rank of CCR was significantly higher (0.1 ± 0.08 ng/mg.cr., 40.3 respectively) in the exposed pregnant women as compared to the non-exposed pregnant women ((0.04 ± 0.02), 29.3 respectively, p value < 0.05). Newborn of the exposed women had significantly low birth weight which negatively correlated with cotinine level and had a dose-response relationship.

Conclusions

SHS exposure had negative effects on fetal outcomes. Efforts should be utilized to increase awareness of the consequences of secondhand smoke on the fetus and strict follow-up of exposed women for early detection.
Microbial influences on gut development and gut-brain communication
Authors: Ye Lihua , Rawls John F.
Published: November 2021

The developmental programs that build and sustain animal forms also encode the capacity to sense and adapt to the microbial world within which they evolved. This is abundantly apparent in the development of the digestive tract, which typically harbors the densest microbial communities of the body. Here, we review studies in human, mouse, zebrafish and Drosophila that are revealing how the microbiota impacts the development of the gut and its communication with the nervous system, highlighting important implications for human and animal health.
PREDICTION OF PEEK RESIN PROPERTIES FOR PROCESSING MODELING USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
Authors: KASHMARI KHATEREH , DESHPANDE PRATHAMESH , PATIL SAGAR , SHAH SAGAR , MAIARU MARIANNA , ODEGARD GREGORY M.
Published: November 2021

Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) have been the subject of many recent studies due to their outstanding characteristics. For the processing of PMCs, a wide range of elevated temperatures is typically applied to the material, leading to the development of internal residual stresses during the final cool-down step. These residual stresses may lead to net shape deformations or internal damage. Also, volumetric shrinkage, and thus additional residual stresses, could be created during crystallization of the semi-crystalline thermoplastic matrix. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties of semi-crystalline polymers are susceptible to the crystallinity content, which is tightly controlled by the processing parameters (processing temperature, temperature holding time) and material properties (melting and crystallization temperatures). Hence, it is vital to have a precise understanding of crystallization kinetics and its impact on the final component's performance to accurately predict induced residual stresses during the processing of these materials. To enable multi-scale process modeling of thermoplastic composites, molecular-level material properties must be determined for a wide range of crystallinity levels. In this study, the thermomechanical properties and volumetric shrinkage of the thermoplastic Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) resin are predicted as a function of crystallinity content and temperature using molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Using crystallization-kinetics models, the thermo-mechanical properties are directly related to processing time and temperature. This research can ultimately predict the residual stress evolution in PEEK composites as a function of processing parameters.
STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF BCN NANOFLAKES VIA GRAPH THEORY
Authors: BHUSAL SHUSIL , LEE JONGHOON , ROY AJIT K.
Published: November 2021

Boron-carbon-nitride (BCN), a ternary system, enables us to compose a wide variety of novel materials due to their unique mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. We study two-dimensional structures called nanoflakes made of boron, carbon, and nitrogen atoms arranged in hexagonal lattice structures. The physical properties of these nanostructures, in general, are functions of the overall shape, stoichiometric ratio of boron carbon and nitrogen atoms, and their distribution. In this study, we utilize graph theory to randomly generate these structures, forming three different phases: hexagonal graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and hexagonal BCN in various proportions. We perform density functional theory (DFT) simulations to obtain the optimized nanoflake structures and analyze the electronic structure. Our results have important implications for future studies of novel materials based on BCN nanoflakes and their experimental realizations.
Making Legs Matter: A Case for System Change and Transformation in Lower-Limb Management
Authors: Atkin Leanne , Bullock Lynn , Chadwick Paul , Elwell Rebecca , Gardner Sarah , Goodwin Tracy , Hopkins Alison , O'Connor Christine , Sneddon Margaret , Wiles Kerry , Williams Kate
Published: November 2021

This consensus document is endorsed by The Queen's Nursing Institute (QNI) and The Queen's Nursing Institute Scotland (QNIS).
Laminar flow ventilation system to prevent airborne infection during exercise in the COVID-19 crisis: A single-center observational study
Authors: Katsumata Yoshinori , Sano Motoaki , Okawara Hiroki , Sawada Tomonori , Nakashima Daisuke , Ichihara Genki , Fukuda Keiichi , Sato Kazuki , Kobayashi Eiji
Published: November 2021

Particulate generation occurs during exercise-induced exhalation, and research on this topic is scarce. Moreover, infection-control measures are inadequately implemented to avoid particulate generation. A laminar airflow ventilation system (LFVS) was developed to remove respiratory droplets released during treadmill exercise. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of aerosols during training on a treadmill and exercise intensity and to elucidate the effect of the LFVS on aerosol removal during anaerobic exercise. In this single-center observational study, the exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Running Science Lab in Japan on 20 healthy subjects (age: 29±12 years, men: 80%). The subjects had a broad spectrum of aerobic capacities and fitness levels, including athletes, and had no comorbidities. All of them received no medication. The exercise intensity was increased by 1-km/h increments until the heart rate reached 85% of the expected maximum rate and then maintained for 10 min. The first 10 subjects were analyzed to examine whether exercise increased the concentration of airborne particulates in the exhaled air. For the remaining 10 subjects, the LFVS was activated during constant-load exercise to compare the number of respiratory droplets before and after LFVS use. During exercise, a steady amount of particulates before the lactate threshold (LT) was followed by a significant and gradual increase in respiratory droplets after the LT, particularly during anaerobic exercise. Furthermore, respiratory droplets ≥0.3 μm significantly decreased after using LFVS (2120800±759700 vs. 560 ± 170, p<0.001). The amount of respiratory droplets significantly increased after LT. The LFVS enabled a significant decrease in respiratory droplets during anaerobic exercise in healthy subjects. This study’s findings will aid in exercising safely during this pandemic.
LuNER: Multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical swab and wastewater samples
Authors: Stahl Elizabeth C. , Gopez Allan R. , Tsuchida Connor A. , Fan Vinson B. , Moehle Erica A. , Witkowsky Lea B. , Hamilton Jennifer R. , Lin-Shiao Enrique , McElroy Matthew , McDevitt Shana L. , Ciling Alison , Tsui C. Kimberly , Pestal Kathleen , Gildea Holly K. , Keller Amanda , Sylvain Iman A. , Williams Clara , Hirsh Ariana , Ehrenberg Alexander J. , Kantor Rose , Metzger Matthew , Nelson Kara L. , Urnov Fyodor D. , Ringeisen Bradley R. , Giannikopoulos Petros , Doudna Jennifer A. ,   IGI Testing Consortium
Published: November 2021

Clinical and surveillance testing for the SARS-CoV-2 virus relies overwhelmingly on RT-qPCR-based diagnostics, yet several popular assays require 2–3 separate reactions or rely on detection of a single viral target, which adds significant time, cost, and risk of false-negative results. Furthermore, multiplexed RT-qPCR tests that detect at least two SARS-CoV-2 genes in a single reaction are typically not affordable for large scale clinical surveillance or adaptable to multiple PCR machines and plate layouts. We developed a RT-qPCR assay using the Luna Probe Universal One-Step RT-qPCR master mix with publicly available primers and probes to detect SARS-CoV-2 N gene, E gene, and human RNase P (LuNER) to address these shortcomings and meet the testing demands of a university campus and the local community. This cost-effective test is compatible with BioRad or Applied Biosystems qPCR machines, in 96 and 384-well formats, with or without sample pooling, and has a detection sensitivity suitable for both clinical reporting and wastewater surveillance efforts.
A SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus nucleocapsid protein antigen-detecting lateral flow assay
Authors: Grant Benjamin D. , Anderson Caitlin E. , Alonzo Luis F. , Garing Spencer H. , Williford John R. , Baughman Ted A. , Rivera Rafael , Glukhova Veronika A. , Boyle David S. , Dewan Puneet K. , Weigl Bernhard H. , Nichols Kevin P.
Published: November 2021

Inexpensive, simple, rapid diagnostics are necessary for efficient detection, treatment, and mitigation of COVID-19. Assays for SARS-CoV2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) offer good sensitivity and excellent specificity, but are expensive, slowed by transport to centralized testing laboratories, and often unavailable. Antigen-based assays are inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced and deployed at point-of-care, with lateral flow assays (LFAs) being the most common format. While various manufacturers have produced commercially available SARS-Cov2 antigen LFAs, access to validated tests remains difficult or cost prohibitive in low-and middle-income countries. Herein, we present a visually read open-access LFA (OA-LFA) using commercially-available antibodies and materials for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The LFA yielded a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 4 TCID50/swab of gamma irradiated SARS-CoV-2 virus, meeting the acceptable analytical sensitivity outlined by in World Health Organization target product profile. The open-source architecture presented in this manuscript provides a template for manufacturers around the globe to rapidly design a SARS-CoV2 antigen test.
Quantifying the differential functional behavior between the medial and lateral meniscus after posterior meniscus root tears
Authors: Walczak Brian E. , Miller Kyle , Behun Michael A. , Sienkiewicz Lisa , Hartwig Stokes Heather , McCabe Ron , Baer Geoffrey S.
Published: November 2021

Meniscus tears of the knee are among the most common orthopedic knee injury. Specifically, tears of the posterior root can result in abnormal meniscal extrusion leading to decreased function and progressive osteoarthritis. Despite contemporary surgical treatments of posterior meniscus root tears, there is a low rate of healing and an incidence of residual meniscus extrusion approaching 30%, illustrating an inability to recapitulate native meniscus function. Here, we characterized the differential functional behavior of the medial and lateral meniscus during axial compression load and dynamic knee motion using a cadaveric model. We hypothesized essential differences in extrusion between the medial and lateral meniscus in response to axial compression and knee range of motion. We found no differences in the amount of meniscus extrusion between the medial and lateral meniscus with a competent posterior root (0.338mm vs. 0.235mm; p-value = 0.181). However, posterior root detachment resulted in a consistently increased meniscus extrusion for the medial meniscus compared to the lateral meniscus (2.233mm vs. 0.4705mm; p-value < 0.0001). Moreover, detachment of the posterior root of the medial meniscus resulted in an increase in extrusion at all angles of knee flexion and was most pronounced (4.00mm ± 1.26mm) at 30-degrees of knee flexion. In contrast, the maximum mean extrusion of the lateral meniscus was 1.65mm ± 0.97mm, occurring in full extension. Furthermore, only the medial meniscus extruded during dynamic knee flexion after posterior root detachment. Given the differential functional behaviors between the medial and lateral meniscus, these findings suggest that posterior root repair requires reducing overall meniscus extrusion and recapitulating the native functional responses specific to each meniscus.
Trabalhos de Casa no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
Authors: Costa António , Ferreira Maria Eduarda , Salgado José Miguel , De Sousa Reis Carlos Francisco
Published: November 2021

Esta investigação, de natureza empírica, tem como objetivo analisar a tipologia e operacionalização dos trabalhos de casa prescritos pelos professores do 1º Ciclo de uma escola privada portuguesa do Ensino Básico. Os dados recolhidos, para esta investigação, foram analisados para três áreas curriculares: Português, Matemática e Estudo do Meio. A análise dos dados possibilitou perceber que estes professores privilegiam a prescrição de tarefas da mesma tipologia, para Português e Matemática. Quanto ao Estudo do Meio, verifica-se um aumento significativo de trabalhos de casa prescritos no final do ciclo de ensino. A Ficha de Trabalho é a tipologia de trabalhos de casa que os docentes privilegiam. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade, do grupo de professores, de repensar as suas práticas no que às tipologias e tarefas inerentes ao trabalho de casa diz respeito.
MEMORI, TRAUMA, DAN UPAYA REKONSILIASI PERANG TELUK II DALAM NOVEL SĀ’ATU BAGDĀD KARYA SYAHAD AL-RĀWIY
Authors: Arofah Arofah , Arif Rokhman Muh.
Published: November 2021

Sā’atu Bagdād (2016) is a novel by Syahad al-Rāwiy which captures the dark events of Gulf War II which involved Iraq, Kuwait, the United States, and the United States coalition countries that began in 1990. This novel is divided into two parts, namely the past relating to the life of the main subject during Gulf War II and the future related to post-war life. The problem in this research is how the author reconstructs the memory and trauma that causes the subject's psychological shock and how the subject makes reconciliation efforts on the memory and trauma that befell him. To study this, the analytical descriptive method and the theory of Halbwachs memory, Caruth's trauma, and working through LaCapra were used. The results of this study indicate that the incident of Gulf War II is a personal traumatic memory that becomes the collective memory of the Iraqi people. Traumatic memories are narrated in the events of bunker protection in 1991, embargo sanctions, and subsequent war. The overlapping event caused the subject to experience back trauma, such as flashbacks, war phobia, and diaspora simulations. As for reducing the memory and trauma that continues to rage, the subject does the working-through in two ways: first, efforts to distance and let go of the past through diasporic experience and synchronizing with the new world, and second, to testify by writing novels and finding the right partner.
The possible use of scarce soluble materials as a source of phosphorus in Vicia faba L. grown in calcareous soils
Authors: ELGALA Abd-Elmonem Mohamed , ABD-ELRAHMAN Shaimaa Hassan
Published: November 2021

Phosphorus (P) is affected by many factors that minimize its solubility especially in calcareous soils. The aim of this work was to conduct laboratory and greenhouse experiments to study the effect of using P solubilizing substances, i.e., compost, humic acid (HA), citric acid and ethylene di-amine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and rhizobacteria, Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum on solubilizing P from different sources, ordinary superphosphate (OSP), rock phosphate (RP) and basic slag (BS). The effect of these treatments on the P- availability in El-Nubaria calcareous soil and P- uptake by faba bean (Vicia faba ‘Giza 843’) were studied. Obtained results showed that the solubility of P sources differs in their ability to release soluble P in the following order: OSP > RP > BS. The following descending order was appeared of available P in soil with addition of solubilizing agents: citric acid > EDTA > HA > compost for these sources of P, for both experiments. Regarding the interaction between solubilizing agents, the treatments of HA combined with EDTA or citric acid were superior in giving high concentrations in soil, and vigor plant growth. In addition, the solubility of P increased by about 5-6 times for all sources in the presence of P- dissolving bacteria. It seemed that the presence of appreciable amounts of Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B and other elements in BS played a role in enhancing plant growth and increasing yield, especially in the presence of added bacteria. BS could be used in calcareous soils and for soils characterized by low nutrient supply as sandy.
Conceptions de la planification : Activités en mathématiques d'enseignantes novices à l'éducation préscolaire
Authors: St-Jean Charlaine , Dupuis Brouillette Marilyn , April Johanne
Published: November 2021

La planification d’activités d’apprentissage constitue une compétence professionnelle de la profession d’un enseignant considérant le rôle spécifique qui s’inscrit dans les fondements à l’éducation préscolaire. Cet article se distingue puisqu’il documente les conceptions des nouvelles enseignantes à l’éducation préscolaire en ce qui concerne des activités d’éveil aux mathématiques, et ce, par rapport à leur expérience en enseignement au primaire. Les résultats décrivent le lexique utilisé par ces enseignantes et les changements qu’il est possible d’inférer en cours de formation continue, ce qui permet de dégager des implications pour la formation initiale et continue ainsi que pour la recherche en enseignement.
Passage à distance de l’enseignement en mathématiques au secondaire dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID-19: entrevue avec deux conseillères pédagogiques
Authors: Passaro Valériane , Venant Fabienne , Boucher Mélanie , Verret Catherine
Published: November 2021

Face à la situation hors du commun provoquée par la pandémie de 2020, les milieux scolaires se sont adaptés rapidement pour offrir l’enseignement à distance au primaire et au secondaire. Comment cette situation a-t-elle été vécue par les enseignants ? Quels ont été les impacts sur leur enseignement ? Cet article propose de partager quelques réflexions autour de ces questions, issues d’une entrevue menée avec deux conseillères pédagogiques en mathématiques. Nous constatons notamment que le changement brusque des modalités d’enseignement lève le voile sur des problèmes plus profonds, ne nous laissant pas d’autre choix que « de déterrer de vieux squelettes ».
Éditorial Le savoir scientifique: à qui et pour qui?
Authors: Baron Marie-Pierre
Published: November 2021

La semaine du 25 au 31 octobre 2021, a permis de célébrer la semaine internationale du Libre accès. Dans la foulée des mesures liées à la diversité, à l’équité et à l’inclusion, la thématique de cette année était « l’importance de notre façon d’ouvrir la connaissance : construisons l’équité structurelle ». Pour cet éditorial, vu la thématique de cette semaine du Libre accès et le contexte sanitaire et sociétal actuel dans lequel la désinformation semble circuler plus rapidement que les productions scientifiques, il importe de se poser la question à savoir à qui appartient ou devrait appartenir le savoir scientifique ?
Maturation of Temporal Saccade Prediction from Childhood to Adulthood: Predictive Saccades, Reduced Pupil Size, and Blink Synchronization
Authors: Calancie Olivia G. , Brien Donald C. , Huang Jeff , Coe Brian C. , Booij Linda , Khalid-Khan Sarosh , Munoz Douglas P.
Published: November 2021

When presented with a periodic stimulus, humans spontaneously adjust their movements from reacting to predicting the timing of its arrival, but little is known about how this sensorimotor adaptation changes across development. To investigate this, we analyzed saccade behavior in 114 healthy humans (ages 6–24 years) performing the visual metronome task, who were instructed to move their eyes in time with a visual target that alternated between two known locations at a fixed rate, and we compared their behavior to performance in a random task, where target onsets were randomized across five interstimulus intervals (ISIs) and thus the timing of appearance was unknown. Saccades initiated before registration of the visual target, thus in anticipation of its appearance, were labeled predictive [saccade reaction time (SRT) < 90 ms] and saccades that were made in reaction to its appearance were labeled reactive (SRT > 90 ms). Eye-tracking behavior including saccadic metrics (e.g., peak velocity, amplitude), pupil size following saccade to target, and blink behavior all varied as a function of predicting or reacting to periodic targets. Compared with reactive saccades, predictive saccades had a lower peak velocity, a hypometric amplitude, smaller pupil size, and a reduced probability of blink occurrence before target appearance. The percentage of predictive and reactive saccades changed inversely from ages 8–16, at which they reached adult-levels of behavior. Differences in predictive saccades for fast and slow target rates are interpreted by differential maturation of cerebellar-thalamic-striatal pathways.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFrom the first moments of life, humans are exposed to rhythm (i.e., mother's heartbeatin utero), but the timeline of brain development to promote the identification and anticipation of a rhythmic stimulus, known as temporal prediction, remains unknown. Here, we used saccade reaction time (SRT) in the visual metronome task to differentiate between temporally predictive and reactive responses to a target that alternated at a fixed rate in humans aged 6–24. Periods of age-related change varied little by target rate, with matured predictive performance evident by mid-adolescence for fast and slow rates. A strong correlation among saccade, pupil, and blink responses during target prediction provides evidence of oculomotor coordination and dampened noradrenergic neuronal activity when generating rhythmic motor responses.
El marketing en las pymes
Authors: Pachón Martha Cecilia
Published: November 2021

Este artículo rescata algunos de los aportes efectuados por algunos autores, quienes, gracias a estudios e investigaciones, han llegado a la conclusión de la importancia que tiene la gestión comercial dentro de las pymes. En este sentido, las pymes ubicadas en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia, no son ajenas al tema, toda vez que requieren de elementos que les permita dar a conocer sus productos y servicios, generando valor agregado, así como el fortalecimiento la relación con sus clientes; razón por la cual el uso del Marketing cobra más fuerza en las organizaciones, al ser una herramienta necesaria para que las estas sean más competitivas, sin importar su tamaño.
Praise or Criticism? How Should Teachers Give Effective Feedback in the Classroom Teaching?
Authors: Zhao Fengping
Published: November 2021

Tere are many factors that affect students' academic performance. Early studies emphasized students’ existing foundations, their own abilities (Stigler, Lee & Stevenson, 1986), family factors (Wang, 2015), school or class organizational structure (Angrist, & Lavy, 1999; Häkkinen, Kirjavainen & Uusitalo, 2003), cultural factors (Stigler, Stevenson, 2005; Geary, Bow-Thomas, Fan & Siegler, 1993) and other influences on their academic performance. However, the research on the influence of teacher factors has only received attention since the 1980s. Researchers explored the relationship between teachers’ classroom behavior and students’ academic performance, trying to focus on the teaching process (Lockheed & Komenan, 1989), teacher guidance (Brophy, 1988), teacher feedback (Gettinger, & Stoiber, 1999), Teacher planning and preparation (Peterson, Marx & Clark, 1978) explored the causes that can significantly affect students' academic performance.
Educational Research in the Context of Rural Revitalization: Take Papers of CNKI Database from 2000 to 2021 As an Example
Authors: An Wei , Wu Jie
Published: November 2021

For a long time, rural revitalization has been a topic of concern. After it was put forward in the form of a policy in 2017, it has further received research feedback in many fields, and the education field is no exception. This article is based on the quantitative analysis of the reports in the CNKI database, with rural revitalization as the theme of educational research from 2000 to 2021. We summarized its development trends and research priorities. We found that after 2017, there has been a surge in education research related to rural revitalization, focusing on three aspects: vocational education, teacher plight, and education construction. At present, the rural revitalization strategy is still in its infancy. Grasping the research focus in time and referring to international experience can provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the realization of rural revitalization, promote the flexible change of research focus, and facilitate the effective implementation of policies.
Pulmonary histoplasmosis: A case report
Authors: Arina Sunzida
Published: November 2021

Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It is widely distributed throughout the world. In present study, the case of a 50-year-old male patient diagnosed as pulmonary histoplasmosis. Initially, the patient was suspected as a case of alcoholic hepatitis but subsequently the diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. The symptoms were dissuaded following amphotericin B and itraconazole treatment.
E-textiles prototypes and applications on wearable devices
Authors: Giacomini Renato , Piccirillo Jéssica Maia
Published: November 2021

This scientific research has the purpose of studying conductive textiles, also known as "smart" textiles. At the ending of the study, we performed the assembly of functional prototypes to give the technology proof of concept to further studies. Between these prototypes are the "smart" jacket, the "smart" pillow, and the "smart" t-shirt. All of these prototypes have electronic devices integrated with conductive textile fabrics and yarns. The functionality of the prototypes involves the obtained vital signals from the user's body, such as heartbeat, and identification of the "touch" made by the user's hand to send commands to a computer or a cellphone screen.
Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy: practical perspective
Authors: AlJadir Saadi JS
Published: November 2021

Pregnancy is a complex endocrine and metabolic status in life of women, therefore role of the thyroid physiology during this period will be profoundly affected, this has been attributed to the complex interplay of Human chorionic gonadotrophin that acts as TSH receptors’ stimulant, more estrogen is produced by placenta will lead to rise in the serum level of Thyrogublin binding protein, change in iodine homeostasis, and hemodynamic changes. From 12th -16th week of pregnancy, the fetus is entirely dependent on the thyroid status of the mother, therefore any disruption in this metabolic milieu will lead to negative outcomes on both the fetus and the mother. Therefore, the current guidelines have stressed on appropriate management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy with particular interest on early pregnancy, a critical period for neurocognitive development, then throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period (Figure 1).