bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Incremental and Backward-Conflict Guided Method for Unfolding Petri Nets
Authors: Xiang Dongming , Tao Xiaoyan , Liu Yaping
Published: February 2021

The unfolding technique of Petri net can characterize the real concurrency and alleviate the state space explosion problem. Thus, it is greatly suitable to analyze/check some potential errors in concurrent systems. During the unfolding process of a Petri net, the calculations of configurations, cuts, and cut-off events are the key factors for the unfolding efficiency. However, most of the unfolding methods do not specify a highly efficient calculations on them. In this paper, we reveal some recursive relations and structural properties of these factors. Subsequently, we propose an improved method for computing configurations and cuts. Meanwhile, backward conflicts are used to guide the calculations of cut-off events. Moreover, a case study and a series of experiments are done to illustrate the effectiveness and application scenarios of our methods.
Demystifying Excess Immune Response in COVID-19 to Reposition an Orphan Drug for Down-Regulation of NF-κB: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peddapalli Apparao , Gehani Manish , Kalle Arunasree M. , Peddapalli Siva R. , Peter Angela E. , Sharad Shashwat
Published: February 2021

The immunological findings from autopsies, biopsies, and various studies in COVID-19 patients show that the major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 is excess immune response resulting in hyper-inflammation. With the objective to review various mechanisms of excess immune response in adult COVID-19 patients, Pubmed was searched for free full articles not related to therapeutics or co-morbid sub-groups, published in English until 27 October 2020, irrespective of type of article, country, or region. Joanna Briggs Institute’s design-specific checklists were used to assess the risk of bias. Out of 122 records screened for eligibility, 42 articles were included in the final review. The review found that eventually, most mechanisms result in cytokine excess and up-regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling as a common pathway of excess immune response. Molecules blocking NF-κB or targeting downstream effectors like Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) are either undergoing clinical trials or lack specificity and cause unwanted side effects. Neutralization of upstream histamine by histamine-conjugated normal human immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thereby preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL) 1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 and IL-10 in a safer manner. The authors recommend repositioning it in COVID-19.
Circulation and Molecular Epidemiology of Enteroviruses in Paralyzed, Immunodeficient and Healthy Individuals in Tunisia, a Country with a Polio-Free Status for Decades
Authors: Chouikha Anissa , Rezig Dorra , Driss Nadia , Abdelkhalek Ichrak , Ben Yahia Ahlem , Touzi Henda , Meddeb Zina , Ben Farhat Essia , Yahyaoui Mahrez , Triki Henda
Published: February 2021

This report is an overview of enterovirus (EV) detection in Tunisian polio-suspected paralytic cases (acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases), healthy contacts and patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) during an 11-year period. A total of 2735 clinical samples were analyzed for EV isolation and type identification, according to the recommended protocols of the World Health Organization. Three poliovirus (PV) serotypes and 28 different nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) were detected. The NPEV detection rate was 4.3%, 2.8% and 12.4% in AFP cases, healthy contacts and PID patients, respectively. The predominant species was EV-B, and the circulation of viruses from species EV-A was noted since 2011. All PVs detected were of Sabin origin. The PV detection rate was higher in PID patients compared to AFP cases and contacts (6.8%, 1.5% and 1.3% respectively). PV2 was not detected since 2015. Using nucleotide sequencing of the entire VP1 region, 61 strains were characterized as Sabin-like. Among them, six strains of types 1 and 3 PV were identified as pre-vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Five type 2 PV, four strains belonging to type 1 PV and two strains belonging to type 3 PV, were classified as iVDPVs. The data presented provide a comprehensive picture of EVs circulating in Tunisia over an 11-year period, reveal changes in their epidemiology as compared to previous studies and highlight the need to set up a warning system to avoid unnoticed PVs.
Study on Environmental Factors of Fluorine in Chagan Lake Catchment, Northeast China
Authors: Tang Jie , Dai Yindong , Wang Jingjing , Qu Yunke , Liu Ben , Duan Yucong , Li Zhaoyang
Published: February 2021

The Chagan Lake Catchment is located in the midwest of Songnen Plain, which is a typical high fluoride groundwater area. High fluoride water has an important impact on the economic development and ecosystem stability of Chagan Lake. In this study, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of fluorine in Chagan Lake Catchment are discussed by using hydrochemistry and mathematical statistical analysis. The groundwater in the study area was characterized as Na+-rich and Ca2+-poor, with a high pH value and high HCO3– content. The average concentration of F– was 3.02 mg/L, which was the highest in Qian’an County. The dissolution of fluorine-containing minerals and the desorption of F– in soil provided the source of F– in groundwater, while calcite and dolomite precipitation, cation exchange, and evaporation concentration provided favorable conditions for F– dissolving, migration, and enrichment in water. In addition, the concentration of F– in surface water was 4.56 mg/L, and the highest concentration was found in Hongzi Pool and Hua’ao Pool. The elevated concentrations of F– in both surface water and groundwater in the study were affected by human factors, such as rice planting and water conservancy project construction.
Renewable Energy Generation and GHG Emission Reduction Potential of a Satellite Water Reuse Plant by Using Solar Photovoltaics and Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Bailey Jonathan , Bukhary Saria , Batista Jacimaria , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: February 2021

Wastewater treatment is a very energy-intensive process. The growing population, increased demands for energy and water, and rising pollution levels caused by fossil-fuel-based energy generation, warrants the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This research explored the energy consumption offset of a satellite water reuse plant (WRP) by using solar photovoltaics (PVs) and anaerobic digestion. The analysis was performed for two types of WRPs: conventional (conventional activated sludge system (CAS) bioreactor with secondary clarifiers and dual media filtration) and advanced (bioreactor with membrane filtration (MBR)) treatment satellite WRPs. The associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were also evaluated. For conventional treatment, it was found that 28% and 31.1% of the WRP’s total energy consumption and for advanced treatment, 14.7% and 5.9% of the WRP’s total energy consumption could be generated by anaerobic digestion and solar PVs, respectively. When both energy-generating units are incorporated in the satellite WRPs, MBR WRPs were on average 1.86 times more energy intensive than CAS WRPs, translating to a cost savings in electricity of $7.4/1000 m3 and $13.3/1000 m3 treated, at MBR and CAS facilities, respectively. Further, it was found that solar PVs require on average 30% longer to pay back compared to anaerobic digestion. For GHG emissions, MBR WRPs without incorporating energy generating units were found to be 1.9 times more intensive than CAS WRPs and 2.9 times more intensive with energy generating units. This study successfully showed that the addition of renewable energy generating units reduced the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the WRP.
Water-Saving Agricultural Technologies: Regional Hydrology Outcomes and Knowledge Gaps in the Eastern Gangetic Plains—A Review
Authors: Mojid Mohammad A. , Mainuddin Mohammed
Published: February 2021

Increasing food demand has exerted tremendous stress on agricultural water usages worldwide, often with a threat to sustainability in agricultural production and, hence, food security. Various resource-conservation technologies like conservation agriculture (CA) and water-saving measures are being increasingly adopted to overcome these problems. While these technologies provide some short- and long-term benefits of reduced labor costs, stabilized or increased crop yield, increased water productivity, and improved soil health at farm scale, their overall impacts on hydrology outcomes remain unclear at larger temporal and spatial scales. Although directly linked to the regional hydrological cycle, irrigation remains a less understood component. The ecological conditions arising from the hydrology outcomes of resource-conservation technologies are associated with sustainability in agricultural production. In this paper, the philosophies and benefits of resource-conservation technologies and expert perceptions on their impacts on temporal and spatial scales have been reviewed comprehensively focusing on regional hydrology outcomes in the Eastern Gangetic Plain (EGP). Due to data inadequacy and lack of knowledge-sharing among disciplines, little is yet known about actual water saving by these resource-conservation technologies and the level of their contribution in groundwater and surface water storage over large temporal and spatial scales. Inadequate knowledge of the hydrological effects of water applied in the agricultural field leads to the implementation of water management policy based on local perspectives only, often with the possibility of deteriorating the water-scarcity situation. Therefore, multidisciplinary future research should quantify regional hydrology outcomes by measuring the components of regional water balance in order to develop a proper water management policy for sustainable agricultural production.
Sustainable Surface Water Storage Development Pathways and Acceptable Limits for River Basins
Authors: Eriyagama Nishadi , Smakhtin Vladimir , Udamulla Lakshika
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses the questions of acceptable upper limits for storage development and how best to deploy storage capacity in the long-term planning of built surface water storage in river basins. Storage-yield curves are used to establish sustainable storage development pathways and limits for a basin under a range of environmental flow release scenarios. Optimal storage distribution at a sub-basin level, which complies with an identified storage development pathway, can also be estimated. Two new indices are introduced—Water Supply Sustainability and Environmental Flow Sustainability—to help decide which pathways and management strategies are the most appropriate for a basin. Average pathways and conservative and maximum storage limits are illustrated for two example basins. Conservative and maximum withdrawal limits from storage are in the range of 45–50% and 60–65% of the mean annual runoff. The approach can compare the current level of basin storage with an identified pathway and indicate which parts of a basin are over- or under-exploited. A global storage–yield–reliability relationship may also be developed using statistics of annual basin precipitation to facilitate water resource planning in ungauged basins.
Detection of Tannerella forsythia from saliva samples in different ethnic majority groups in Sarawak
Authors: Nillian Elexson , Bebey Grace , Ngu Fatin Nabilah , Diyana Nur , Zakirah Amirah , Boli Eddy , Liang Melvin Chung Hsien
Published: February 2021

Nowadays racial and ethnic differences in health care has become a growing concern. It is one of the critical determinant in influencing the genotype of the host in which may results in some diseases such as periodontal disease. Tannerella forsythia can be found in oral cavity and have the strongest relation in resulting on the destruction of connective tissue in periodontal disease. This research is aim to investigate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, particularly T. forsythia in four major ethnic groups in Sarawak which may result in periodontal disease in Sarawak. This disease may due to the results from the infection of the tissue supporting the teeth. A total of (n = 40) saliva samples consist of 10 samples for each ethnic groups such as Iban, Malay, Chinese and Bidayuh were collected in Kuching and Kota Samarahan using culture-independent method. The DNA was extracted from saliva based on Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl Alcohol method. After that, 16S rRNA gene was then amplified via PCR for bacterial detection using 27 F and 1492 R primers, followed by PG-F and PG-R primers set in identifying T. forsythia. The PCR product was observed on 1.5% gel electrophoresis. As a result, the presence of bacteria T. forsythia was found more frequently from saliva samples of ethnic in Iban (70%), followed by Malay (60%), Bidayuh (60%) and lastly Chinese (50%). The differences of demographic, certain cultural beliefs and practices might affect the oral health status. This finding show that it may help to identify the risk groups and has contributed an additional evidence for the association between ethnicity and periodontal disease.
Pengaruh Video Learning Multimedia Terhadap Sikap Siswi Dalam Menghadapi Menarche
Authors: Sitti Umrah  , Sri Ramadhany  , Muhammad Tamar  , Fenita Purnama Sari Indah  , Ernawati
Published: February 2021

Menarche for young women is a sign that the fertile period has started. Some young women when experiencing menarche feel afraid and feel anxious. this is due to the adolescent's understanding that menstruation is a disease, and its impact is that it can cause anxiety. This study aims to analyze the use of multimedia video learning media about menarche towards the attitudes of students in readiness to face menarche. This research is a quasy experiment (Noneequivalent Control Group Design). The research was conducted at SD Inpres 1 and SD Inpres IV Tamalanrea, Makassar City from January to February 2020. A total of 48 grade V students were divided into two groups, namely 24 in the control group (lecture method) and 24 in the intervention group (multimedia video learning media and lectures) were selected based on purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of statistical tests showed that in the control group (p-value 0.001 <0.05) and the intervention (p-value 0.001 <0.05) there were significant differences in attitudes after being given the intervention of multimedia video learning media about menarche. The conclusion in this study is the use of multimedia video learning media and lectures can improve the attitude of young women in readiness to face menarche. However, students are more interested in the use of multimedia video learning media

 

Keywords: Media, Video Learning, Multimedia, Lectures, Attitudes

ABSTRAK

 

Menarche bagi remaja putri adalah pertanda masa subur sudah dimulai. Sebagian remaja putri ketika mengalami menarche merasa takut dan merasa gelisah. hal ini disebabkan karena pemahaman remaja tersebut berpandangan bahwa haid adalah penyakit, serta dampaknya adalah dapat menimbulkan kecemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisisi penggunanaan media video learning multimedia tentang menarche terhadap sikap siswi dalam kesiapan menghadapi menarche. Penelitian ini merupakan quasy eksperimen (Noneequivalent Control Grup Design). Penelitian dilakukan di SD Inpres 1 dan SD Inpres IV Tamalanrea Kota Makassar pada bulan januari sampai februari 2020. Sebanyak 48 orang siswi kelas V dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yakni 24 orang kelompok kontrol (metode ceramah) dan 24 orang kelompok intervensi (media video learning multimedia dan ceramah) yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil uji statistic menunjukkan pada kelompok control (p-value 0.001<0.05) dan intervensi (p-value 0.001<0.05) didapatkan perbedaan sikap yang signifikan setelah diberikan intervensi media video learning multimedia tentang menarche. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penggunaan media video learning multimedia dan ceramah dapat meningkatkan sikap remaja putri dalam kesiapan menghadapi menarche. Namun siswa lebih tertarik dengan Penggunaan media video learning multimedia

 

Kata Kunci :Media Video Learning Multimedia,Ceramah, Sikap
Various Mechanical Properties of Denture Liners Combined with Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: ERGUN Gulfem , ATAOL Ayşe Seda , EGİLMEZ Ferhan , GENC ALTURK Rükan , ŞAHİN Zeynep
Published: February 2021

Debonding from the denture base, poor resistance to tearing, and increase in hardness are some of the problems with denture liners. This research purposed to analyze the changes in mechanical characteristics of the tissue conditioner and the denture liner concerning the interaction of the material with the zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2-NPs). The surface functionalization of ZrO2-NPs was done using a silane coupling agent as a modifier for better integration of them into the denture liners. Then, they were added into acrylic- and silicone-based denture liner in two different percentages (0.5% and 1% by weight; respectively). The performed tests were tear strength, tensile bond strength, and hardness (Shore A). 0.5% and 1% of ZrO2-NPs added tissue conditioner test groups displayed statistically significantly lower tensile bond strength values than tissue conditioners without ZrO2-NPs (p < 0.001). However, the tensile bond strength results of all subgroups for soft denture liner were statistically similar (p = 0.239). In all of the test groups of tissue conditioner and soft lining material, the highest tear strength values were obtained in 0.5% ZrO2-NPs added test groups (tissue conditioner; 0.58±0.11 N and soft denture liner; 4.10±0.58 N). The shore A hardness results of both tested groups determined no meaningful differences (p = 0.100). All subgroups of the tested silicone-based denture liners had satisfactory and clinically adequate bonding strength to the base of the prosthetic.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ZOOM TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Marsiding Zulfikar
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Online learning can shorten learning time and of course can save costs incurred by educational institutions. The success of distance learning does not only depend on the material or content presented by the educator, but on how the material is delivered, so that students can understand the material presented by the teacher. The learning model that can be done in elementary schools during the Covid-19 pandemic is distance learning, learning which ideally has interactivity between educators and students even though it is not in the same place, with video conferencing it will help the learning process carried out, because educators will be directly involved with students. Media zoom is one of the choices of learning media in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. This research will be conducted at SDN 117 Leppangeng. The objectives of this study are to determine the effectiveness of using zoom media for learning in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. The approach used in this research is qualitative.
 
Keyword: Zoom, learning, the Covid-19 pandemic
 
ABSTRAK
Pembelajaran melalui daring dapat mempersingkat waktu pembelajaran dan tentu saja dapat menghemat biaya yang harus dikeluarkan oleh lembaga pendidikan. Keberhasilan pembelajaran jarak jauh tidak hanya bergantung pada materi atau isi yang disajikan oleh pendidik, melainkan pada bagaimana proses penyampaian materi tersebut, agar siswa dapat memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh guru. Model pembelajaran yang dapat dilakukan pada sekolah dasar dimasa pandemi Covid-19 ini adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh, pembelajaran yang idealnya memiliki interaktifitas antara pendidik dan peserta didik walaupun tidak dalam satu tempat yang sama, dengan adanya video conference akan membantu proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan, karena pendidik akan terlibat langsung dengan peserta didik. Media zoom merupakan salah satu pilihan media pembelajaran di tengah pandemi covid-19.  Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di SDN 117 Leppangeng. Adapun tujuan yang akan dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan media zoom terhadap pembelajaran di tengah pandemic covid-19 ini. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif.
 
Keyword: Zoom, pembelajaran, pandemic Covid-19
Effect of level of monensin on rumen fermentation characteristics in Awassi lambs
Authors:   Directorate of Agriculture in Babylon, Baiee Razzaq , Saeed Ali
Published: February 2021

The current study was conducted in the Animal field of the Department of Animal Production – College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University for the period from 10/10/2019 to 19/1/2020 to investigate the effect of addition of monensin at levels of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg concentrate on growth performance of Awassi lambs. First treatment in which lambs were fed concentrate diet without addition of monensin was considered the control treatment. Sixteen male Awassi lambs were used with an average weight of 24.85 and 4-6 months of age. The lambs were randomly distributed to the experimental treatments, four lambs per each using the individual feeding in the cages. The concentrate diet was offered at a level of 2.75% of the body weight at 2 meals, morning and evening meals, while the ground wheat straw was offered at free choice. Results revealed no significant effect of level of monensin on pH values, whereas ruminal ammonia concentrations were significantly decreased (P˂0.05) from 7.54 in the control treatment to 6.08 and 6.45 mg/100 ml due to addition of monensin at levels of 30 and 45 mg/kg. Moreover, addition of monensin at a level of 30 mg/kg concentrate diet significantly increased (P˂0.05) ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids to 13.76 as compared with 10.99 mM/100 ml for control treatment. Concentrations of all rumen fermentation characteristics were significantly affected (P˂0.01) by time of ensiling.
Geometric metaphors in English language
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dillər Universiteti, Afsar Guliyeva Aynur
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of geometric metaphor in the modern English language. Metaphor quite often can be found both in English and in many other languages. Very often metaphors are associated with the letter, but without noticing it, they often use them in everyday speech. The role of a metaphor in the English language is to diversify speech with turns that have a figurative meaning that gives expressiveness to phrases and sentences. To make English speech not only literate, but also beautiful. Metaphors enrich the language and show a high level of language proficiency. Therefore, when learning English, along with everyday vocabulary, idioms, phrasal verbs, it is not out of place to learn some common beautiful metaphors. The geometric metaphor can be considered an important element of the modern English economic discourse and correspondingly communication, thus it obtains a special status in the frame of cognition. It is understood from the research there are a lot of geometric metaphors and is actively used in the cognitive processes of conceptualization and classification of economic reality. Key words: metaphor, geometric figure, geometric metaphor, sentence, figurative meaning
RECRUITMENT TO THE CIVIL SERVICE: AT THE LEGAL AND FACTUAL LEVELS
Authors:   Baku State University, Eldar Mehraliyeva Samira
Published: February 2021

The effective and successful implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to participate in the management of the state depends on the admission to the civil service. Admission to the civil service is one of the central issues of the civil service legislation. As the civil service is a relatively young and newly studied area in our legislation, there is a constant need for scientific research and suggestions for improvement in this area. The article reflects the legal and factual problems in this field, as a right to civil service, the conduct of competitions, the criteria for evaluating candidates. Key words: right of admission, organization of competitions, evaluation of the candidate, legal basis, actual problems
Maın condıtıons and stages of development of oral speech ın chıldren wıth hearıng dısorders
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Albenda Shahvaladli Gadimova Turan
Published: February 2021

In children with hearing impairment, the pronunciation aspect of speech is highly dependent on the degree of hearing impairment. For deaf children, visual perception of words is the first step in learning a language. The study of oral speech is very much based on visual perception, the motor components of speech. In speech training with deaf children, students should be able to consistently pronounce sounds, read aloud, write, and observe. Children should acquire knowledge of grammar by improving their reading and writing skills and clear pronunciation. These are some of the most important conditions for the development of their speech. Key words: Oral speech, pronunciation, grammar, visual perception, mental development
Speech development in preschool childhood as a pedagogical problem
Authors:   Bakı Slavyan Universiteti, Gulam Ibrahimova Adila , Khalil Zamanova Irada ,   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti
Published: February 2021

The problem of speech development of preschoolers today is considered as one of the important problems of modern childhood. An analysis of Ushinsky’s creative works will allow us to conclude that he pays spesial attentipn to the methodology for the development of children in the process of teaching their mother tonque in the family and kindergarten. Key words: pedagogy, native language, speech development,work of fiction
Methods of teaching type problem solving in the elementary course of mathematics
Authors:   Bakı Slavyan Universiteti, Sardar Babayeva Ruqayya
Published: February 2021

Complex arithmetic problems are solved by two or more operations. Complex issues different in their structure and the relationship between quantities. When problems differ in their dependence on quantities, they are assigned to different groups. Such problems are called type problems, and each type of problem has its own solution. There can be different types of issues related to the same quantity. Before solving any type of problem, a preparation problem should be used to facilitate its solution. The issue of preparation should be resolved relatively easily and orally. Students need to be taught to compare when looking for solutions to typical problems. Key words:Complicated matter,price,unknown,quantity,numerical price,method
Les branchements en acier inoxydable partiellement ondulé pour réduire les fuites d’eau
Authors: VAN HECKE B.
Published: February 2021

L’eau non facturée (« non-revenue water », soit NRW) est un problème considérable pour la majorité des métropoles dans le monde. La rareté de l’eau, le coût élevé de l’eau, la croissance démographique, les sécheresses et le dérèglement climatique appellent à des changements dans de nombreuses régions du monde. Les pertes d’eau, de l’ordre de 20 à 35 % pour un grand nombre de villes, contribuent à l’appauvrissement des précieuses ressources en eau. Les pertes sont également coûteuses pour le consommateur à cause des importants efforts déployés pour détecter les fuites d’eau, des réparations nécessaires, de la perte d’énergie nécessaire au pompage et au processus, du traitement des eaux gaspillées à cause des fuites et des coûts ultérieurs comme les affaissements de route et les perturbations de trafic. À cause des fuites, l’empreinte totale de l’infrastructure hydrique d’une ville (de l’apport au stockage, au pompage et au traitement) doit être plus importante (plus que le pourcentage perdu) que ce qui serait nécessaire pour simplement répondre à la demande en eau. Des solutions durables, innovantes et rentables sont ainsi demandées par le secteur mondial de l’eau potable. Les branchements en acier inoxydable de type 316 partiellement ondulé ont d’abord été développés pour fournir une solution face aux pertes d’eau au Japon. Ils permettent d’aider les grandes villes à considérablement réduire le volume d’eau non facturée, ainsi que les coûts de maintenance annuels. Par exemple, Tokyo a réduit ses fuites de 15 % à 3 % après avoir remplacé la quasi-totalité des branchements sur une période de 20 ans.
Research Trends in Social Geography
Authors: Hampl Martin
Published: February 2021

The article discusses changing research orientations in contemporary human geography. Emphasis is given to diversification of concepts and approches in postpositivistic geography. General tendencies in contemporary orientations in human geography affect strongly current developments in the Czech social geography. Due to dramatic changes in the Czech society after the political changes of 1989, the Czech geography has been confronted with a new great theme of "geography of societal trasformation". In this context, however, some critical remarks must also be made: an one-side "import" of concepts and approaches from social sciences, further weakening of specificity of human geography, and a new emphasis given to differences between physical and human geography.
Gambaran Pengelolaan Emergency Kit (Trolley) Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Pakaya Adela , Abdulkadir Widysusanti , Tuloli Teti S.
Published: February 2021

An emergency kit is life-saving drug storage that is immediately required for helping patients with a sudden decline in health status. Therefore, the management of an emergency kit should be taken into concern. This qualitative descriptive research is devoted to determining the management of the emergency kit (trolley) from the aspects of recording and reporting, arrangement, human resources, facilities, and infrastructure in Regional Public Hospital RSUD Hasri Ainun Habibie in 2019. The obtained data were analyzed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 72 of 2016 Concerning Standards of Pharmaceutical Services in Hospitals and the Standard Operating Procedures of the hospital mentioned earlier. Further, this study involved pharmacy staff as the responsible person of the Trolley and Emergency Trolley themselves as the sample. The results indicate that the wards, in terms of the recording and reporting processes, have not reached good management. It is revealed that out of seven wards that provide emergency trolley, 100% of them have not fulfilled the sub-variable on recording the taking of emergency stocks in the aspect of recording and reporting; 100% have not satisfied the sub-variable on using the key of disposable trolley in the aspect of arrangement; in the aspect of human resources, 100% and 50% have not met the sub-variables on the signing of the handover letter and trolley locking, respectively, and 25% have done the gradual stocks checking; in the aspect of facilities and infrastructure, 100% have not fulfilled the sub-variable on disposable lock document.
Laws of Syntactic Structure and Speech Creation
Authors: Al-Hariol Zaki
Published: February 2021

This research aims to clarify the syntactic level in linguistic construction and study its effect on both language creativity in general and literary creativity in particular. We show this by highlighting the most important aspects of objection and consent in which the language originator interacts with the systems and laws of language structure. Therefore, we can reach the systemic, compositional features that enrich linguistic creativity by containing and organising the syntactic system for the generators of linguistic creativity and taking into account the grammatical system for the specificity of literary genres and the nature of their formation. The creativity of language, in its ability as a constructor, is the binding of a system. Every language has manifestations that raise the levels of rhetoric, for example, manifestations of fiction, metaphors, images of brevity, or the suggestion of utterance. The overall laws that guide the system have distinct goals. They aim to vary the creative levels as appropriate for the different parts of speech. Language has reached a level of maturity in reasoning, and this is what motivates the creative aspect of the laws of the system to be an essential material that deserves study and circulation.
Kajian Yuridis Statistik Kriminal Tindak Pidana Pencurian Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak
Authors: Nurhafifah Nurhafifah , Hardiyanti Hardiyanti
Published: February 2021

Pasal 362 KUHP tentang tindak pidana pencurian menyatakan ”Barangsiapa mengambil barang sesuatu, yang seluruhnya atau sebagian kepunyaan orang lain, dengan maksud untuk dimiliki secara melawan hukum, diancam karena pencurian, dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima tahun atau denda paling banyak enam puluh rupiah atau   denda  setinggi-tingginya sembilan ratus rupiah. Walaupun telah adanya sanksi pidana, dalam kenyataannya pencurian tetap terjadi dan cenderung mengalami peningkatan dan yang sangat riskan pelaku pencurian adalah anak. Statistik kriminal adalah data tentang kriminalitas yang disusun menurut bentuk kejahatan, Frekuensi kejadian dari masing-masing bentuk kejahatan, wilayah kejadian dan tahun kejadian. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat peningkatan kejahatan pencurian yang dilakukan anak, Upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat pencurian yang dilakukan oleh anak dan faktor penghambat dalam upaya penanggulangan tingkat pencurian yang dilakukan oleh anak. Dalam ilmu statistik, Perbuatan pidana adalah perbuatan yang dilarang oleh suatu aturan hukum, larangan dimana disertai ancaman (sanksi) yang berupa pidana tertentu bagi siapapun yang melanggar larangan tersebut.
Kota Layak Anak Sebagai Perlindungan Kolektif Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Anak di Aceh
Authors: Anzari Mudhafar , Natasya Syarifah Sharah
Published: February 2021

Dominasi kekerasan yang dialami anak menjadi perhatian penting bagi semua pihak dalam hal ini Pemerintah sebagai pengambil kebijakan, masyarakat dan dunia usaha sebagai pelaku dan dampak dari kebijakan serta anak yang sangat merasakan manfaat dari setiap kebijakan yang diambil oleh pemerintah apakah memberikan jaminan perlindungan bagi dirinya ataupun tidak. Rawannya anak dari berbagai bentuk kekerasan dikarenakan dirinya belum cukup mampu memberikan perlindungan untuk dirinya sendiri. Maka dari itu, Penerapan Kota Layak Anak adalah kebijakan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah dalam upaya memberikan perlindungan bagi anak di Aceh. Kebijakan tersebut, harus dilakukan secara kolektif antara Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh, Kabupaten dan Kota yang kemudian melalui sosialiasi dan advokasi kepada semua elemen masyarakat. Dengan demikian, pengembangan kota layak anak ini berkembangan sampai pada tingkat gampong. Akan tetapi, upaya tersebut belum tercapai secara masif padahal angka kekerasan anak di Aceh sangat tinggi
Tanggung Jawab Negara Dalam Menjamin Kebebasan Beragama
Authors: Yuliansyah Dedy , Effendi Basri
Published: February 2021

Pelaksanaan Jaminan kehidupan beragama merupakan bagian penting dalam konsepsi negara kebangsaan Indonesia yang melahirkan tanggungjawab penyelenggara negara untuk mengatur kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan agar tidak menimbulkan gangguan terhadap keamanan dan ketertiban umum. Permasalahan terjadi ketika otoritas negara yang memiliki kewenangan untuk mengatur hal tersebut, tetapi belum melaksanakan fungsinya dalam menjamin hak beragama, sehingga tidak membatasi Hak dasar manusia untuk menjalankan agamanya. Oleh karena itu, fokus kajian pada  penulisan ini adalah apakah kebebasan beragama di Indonesia sudah sesuai dengan amanah konstitusi, dan bagaimana bentuk tanggung jawab negara untuk menjamin kebebasan beragama sesuai perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Kebebasan beragama merupakan hak yang tidak dapat dikurangi bagaimanapun juga keadaannya (non-derogable rights). Perlindungan hak atas kebebasan memeluk dan menjalankan agama dimuat dalam instrumen HAM internasional dan peraturan perundang-undangan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan atau metode penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis-normatif). Pendekatan penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji berbagai konvensi dan peraturan-peraturan yang berhubungan dan relevan dengan masalah objek kajian dalam penelitian ini.
Dependence between the accuracy of target designation to an onboard missile radar station and errors related to determination of the target and missile coordinates by a ground radar system
Authors: Sozinov P. A. , Gorevich B. N.
Published: February 2021

This article investigates the dependence between the accuracy of target designation issued by a ground radar system to an onboard radar station based on the measured target and missile coordinates and on the relative missile position (relative to the radar and the target). Simulation and calculation methods are proposed for estimating the accuracy of target designation in terms of the observation angle and the range and speed of the target taking into account both the errors in measuring the target and missile coordinates by a ground radar system and the relative position of the missile. The influence of the errors in measuring the target and missile coordinates and the relative position of the missile on the target designation accuracy is investigated. The problem of tracing the optimal trajectory of missile guidance to the target is formulated taking into account the errors of target designation to an onboard radar station and other factors.
Controlling changes in the combustion surface of solid fuel charges through the use of heat-conducting elements
Authors: Saveliev S. K. , Shcheglov D. K.
Published: February 2021

On the basis of experimental data on the local values of the combustion rate of condensed systems along the heat-conducting filaments placed therein, regression models were constructed to relate the value of the local combustion rate with such characteristics of heat-conducting filaments as the thermal diffusivity and melting point. The obtained regression model was used to assess a possible expansion of the variation range of the local combustion rate when using various crystalline forms of CVD diamonds as heat-conducting filaments. It was shown that a local increase in the combustion rate could exceed the baseline value by 200 times. The possibility of controlling the transformation of the combustion surface by using heat-conducting filaments with variable characteristics was confirmed.
Automation of the processes of failure analysis, reliability assessment and product completion efficiency
Authors: Afanasyev V. B. , Vorobyov T. K. , Mamaev V. A. , Medvedev V. M. , Tikhmenev N. V.
Published: February 2021

The article proposes a mathematical apparatus for assessing the reliability of small-scale production. Methods for determining the efficiency of product completion works were tested. A software application was developed to automate statistical accounting and analysis of product failures.
Vigabatrin-associated Reversible MRI Abnormalities in an Infant with Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: Craft Joseph Franklin , Cardenas Agustin
Published: February 2021

Vigabatrin therapy is commonly used in infants diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex, particularly in the setting of epilepsy. Utilization of vigabatrin can result in bilateral and symmetric abnormal sequence changes within the deep brain matter and brainstem on magnetic resonance imaging. These abnormalities occur predominantly in infancy, are reversible, and can be asymptomatic or result in symptomatic clinical manifestations. We present a case with classic neuroimaging findings. Familiarity with these findings can prevent unnecessary follow up tests or studies and the cost of continuing or discontinuing vigabatrin therapy should be weighed heavily against the potential manifestation of extrapyramidal symptoms.
The SilenT AtRial FIBrillation (STAR-FIB) study programme – design and rationale
Authors: Nozica Nikolas , Lam Anna , Goulouti Eleni , Elchinova Elena , Spirito Alessandro , Branca Mattia , Servatius Helge , Noti Fabian , Seiler Jens , Baldinger Samuel H. , Haeberlin Andreas , De Marchi Stefano F. , Asatryan Babken , Rodondi Nicolas , Donzé Jacques , Aujesky Drahomir , Tanner Hildegard , Reichlin Tobias , Jüni Peter , Roten Laurent
Published: February 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY
Anticoagulation of patients with screen-detected atrial fibrillation may prevent ischaemic strokes. The STAR-FIB study programme aims to determine the age- and sex-specific prevalence of silent atrial fibrillation and to develop a clinical prediction model to identify patients at risk of undiagnosed atrial fibrillation in a hospitalised patient population.

METHODS
The STAR-FIB study programme includes a prospective cohort study and a case-control study of hospitalised patients aged 65–84 years, evenly distributed for both age and sex. We recruited 795 patients without atrial fibrillation for the cohort study (49.2% females; median age 74.8 years). All patients had three serial 7-day Holter ECGs to screen for silent atrial fibrillation. The primary endpoint will be any episode of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter of ≥30 seconds duration. The age- and sex-specific prevalence of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation will be estimated. For the case-control study, 120 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were recruited as cases (41.7% females; median age 74.6 years); controls will be randomly selected from the cohort study in a 2:1 ratio. All participants in the cohort study and all cases were prospectively evaluated including clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic and electrical parameters. A clinical prediction model for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation will be derived in the case-control study and externally validated in the cohort study.

CONCLUSIONS
The STAR-FIB study programme will estimate the age- and sex-specific prevalence of silent atrial fibrillation in a hospitalised patient population, and develop and validate a clinical prediction model to identify patients at risk of silent atrial fibrillation.
Enhancement of physiological and biochemical attributes of okra by application of salicylic acid under drought stress
Authors: Ayub Qasim , Khan Shah Masaud , Mahmood Abid , Haq Naveed Ul , Ali Shujaat , Ahmad Touqeer , Ayub Muhammad Umer , Hassaan Muhammad , Hayat Umer , Shoukat Malik Faizan
Published: February 2021

Horticultural crops especially vegetables are most vulnerable to drought due to their higher irrigation needs. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of drought stress and the beneficial effects of salicylic acid (SA) on physiological and biochemical attributes of okra plants under drought stress. For this purpose, a pot experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) design. Okra seeds were primed with four different SA treatments i.e., 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 mM and sown in pots (Ø 20 cm). After 14 days of germination, the plants were subjected to two drought levels i.e., 25% and 50% field capacity (FC) and after 20 days of germination regular foliar sprays of SA at 7 days interval were performed with aforementioned SA levels. Physiological parameters like fresh weight, dry weight, and length of plants along with biochemical attributes like chlorophyll (‘a’, ‘b’ and total), total carotenoids, total protein and proline contents, and electrolyte leakage were recorded. Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased. Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).
Présentation. Crises contemporaines
Authors: Nouazi Kemkeng Carole Valérie
Published: February 2021

Ce deuxième numéro d’Adilaaku sur les « Crises contemporaines » s’inscrit dans la continuité du premier. Le dossier thématique, dans son ensemble, approche le problème de la cohésion et de la stabilité de l’État-nation aujourd’hui dans un contexte traversé par la montée en puissance des revendications identitaires, par la crise des frontières, par le « choc des civilisations ». Du premier au deuxième numéro, les contributions qui y sont réunies admettent que l’interdépendance entre les concepts de République et de nation s’effrite inéluctablement. Le questionnement sur la nation aujourd’hui, puis sur celui des crises contemporaines, n’est pas dépourvu de tout lien.
Impact of Oxides and Physiochemical Properties of Agricultural Soil on Bioaccumulation of Toxic Heavy Elements in Wheat Grains in Yaychi, Northeast of Iraq
Authors: Al-Jumaily Hassan
Published: February 2021

To investigate the potential link between toxic heavy elements in soil with soil physiochemical properties and oxides, as well as their impact on the bioaccumulation of these elements in wheat grains. Agriculture soil and wheat grains were sampled from Yaychi area, Kirkuk northeast of Iraq. Soil physiochemical properties, oxides and toxic heavy elements contents were determined. The average concentration of toxic heavy elements in soil was in this order Ni> Cr> Pb> As> Cd> Hg, and some of these elements had exceeded their average in earth's crust and Canadian Agricultural Soil Quality Guidelines. While in wheat grains the toxic heavy elements, contents were in the following order Cr> Ni> Pb> As> Cd> Hg. The soil physiochemical properties in the study area are shown to be medium alkaline, non-saline, calcareous, non-gypsiferous, inorganic and loam texture. It became clear from the correlation matrix that the toxic heavy elements except for arsenic have significant relationships with different soil physiochemical properties and major oxides. In turn, oxides and the physiochemical properties of the soil and its type reduced the bioaccumulation of these elements in wheat grains except for arsenic, as appeared in the present study, that toxic heavy elements do not accumulate in wheat grains. And among the studied elements, arsenic had the highest bioaccumulation rate in wheat grains, because its concentration in soil has been affected by only human activities.
Rock Slope Stability Assessment Along Rawanduz Main Road, Kurdistan Region
Authors: Qader Rebaz
Published: February 2021

The rock slope instability along the Khalifan-Bekhal-Rawanduz main road has been studied in the southwestern limb of the Bradost anticline (Mountain) and both northeastern and southwestern limb of the Korek anticline (Mountain) in the northeast of the Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The major factors of the instability of the rock slopes in the study area are types of discontinuous and the degree of erosion. Ten stations have been chosen for fieldwork. The expected failure types that may occur along the road are plane sliding and wedge sliding. This research is mainly focused on the type of failure along the rock slope and the factor that affect the instability of the studied slopes and have found that they are slope orientation and geometry of the discontinuity. Different remediation methods are proposed for the studied rock slopes base on rock slope analysis. The rock slopes along the road require continuous monitoring because of their hazard conditions.