bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incomplete mass closure in atmospheric nanoparticle growth
Authors: Stolzenburg Dominik , Sarnela Nina , Bianchi Federico , Cai Jing , Cai Runlong , Cheng Yafang , Dada Lubna , Donahue Neil M. , Grothe Hinrich , Holm Sebastian , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Petäjä Tuukka , Sulo Juha , Winkler Paul M. , Yan Chao , Kangasluoma Juha , Kulmala Markku
Published: February 2025

Nucleation and subsequent growth of new aerosol particles in the atmosphere is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei and persistent large uncertainty in climate models. Newly formed particles need to grow rapidly to avoid scavenging by pre-existing aerosols and become relevant for the climate and air quality. In the continental atmosphere, condensation of oxygenated organic molecules is often the dominant mechanism for rapid growth. However, the huge variety of different organics present in the continental boundary layer makes it challenging to predict nanoparticle growth rates from gas-phase measurements. Moreover, recent studies have shown that growth rates of nanoparticles derived from particle size distribution measurements show surprisingly little dependency on potentially condensable vapors observed in the gas phase. Here, we show that the observed nanoparticle growth rates in the sub-10 nm size range can be predicted in the boreal forest only for springtime conditions, even with state-of-the-art mass spectrometers and particle sizing instruments. We find that, especially under warmer conditions, observed growth is slower than predicted from gas-phase condensation. We show that only a combination of simple particle-phase reaction schemes, phase separation due to non-ideal solution behavior, or particle-phase diffusion limitations can explain the observed lower growth rates. Our analysis provides first insights as to why atmospheric nanoparticle growth rates above 10 nm h−1 are rarely observed. Ultimately, a reduction of experimental uncertainties and improved sub-10 nm particle hygroscopicity and chemical composition measurements are needed to further investigate the occurrence of such a growth rate-limiting process.
Supervised and unsupervised deep learning-based approaches for studying DNA replication spatiotemporal dynamics
Authors: Ng-Kee-Kwong Julian , Philps Ben , Smith Fiona N. C. , Sobieska Aleksandra , Chen Naiming , Alabert Constance , Bilen Hakan , Buonomo Sara C. B.
Published: February 2025

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is organised both spatially and temporally, as evidenced by the stage-specific spatial distribution of replication foci in the nucleus. Despite the genetic association of aberrant DNA replication with numerous human diseases, the labour-intensive methods employed to study DNA replication have hindered large-scale analyses of its roles in pathological processes. In this study, we employ two distinct methodologies. We first apply supervised machine learning, successfully classifying S-phase patterns in wild-type mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), while additionally identifying altered replication dynamics in Rif1-deficient mESCs. Given the constraints imposed by a classification-based approach, we then develop an unsupervised method for large-scale detection of aberrant S-phase cells. Such a method, which does not aim to classify patterns based on pre-defined categories but rather detects differences autonomously, closely recapitulates expected differences across genotypes. We therefore extend our approach to a well-characterised cellular model of inducible deregulated origin firing, involving cyclin E overexpression. Through parallel EdU- and PCNA-based analyses, we demonstrate the potential applicability of our method to patient samples, offering a means to identify the contribution of deregulated DNA replication to a plethora of pathogenic processes.
Climate change alters the Indian Ocean Dipole and weakens its North Atlantic teleconnection
Authors: Fereday David R. , Knight Jeff R. , Scaife Adam A.
Published: February 2025

An important source of long range forecast skill for the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) comes from predictability of tropical rainfall. While the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a better-known driver of the NAO, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also has an influence, particularly when ENSO is inactive. Given future projected changes to ENSO and the IOD, it is important to understand how the IOD–NAO teleconnection may evolve. Here we use climate model simulations to investigate the IOD and its NAO teleconnection. We find that the IOD itself changes considerably under climate change, with a weakening of the present-day anticorrelation between the dipole nodes and a westward shift in the IOD pattern. While historical model simulations reproduce the IOD–NAO teleconnection pathway seen in observational analyses, the teleconnection is projected to weaken in future, with the weakening linked to the westward IOD shift.
Disparities in telemedicine use and payment policies in the United States between 2019 and 2023
Authors: Gage Anna D. , Knight Megan A. , Bintz Corinne , Aldridge Robert W. , Angelino Olivia , Dieleman Joseph L. , Ashworth Dirac M. , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura , Hay Simon I. , Lozano Rafael , Mokdad Ali H. , Haakenstad Annie
Published: February 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic induced an increase in telemedicine use in the American health care system. We assess disparities in telemedicine usage, the diseases and conditions it is used for, and the association of payment parity policies with telemedicine use for January 2019–March 2023.

Methods

We include health systems which reported electronic health record data to the Healthjump database. The outcomes of interest are the percentage of outpatient consultations conducted via telemedicine in each health system and the distribution of outpatient and telemedicine consultations across 31 diseases and conditions. We use a difference-in-difference observational design to assess the association of state level payment parity mandates with telemedicine use.

Results

We show telemedicine use grew from less than 0.05% of outpatient consultations in 2019 to 25% in April 2020 and 4% in March 2023. Health systems in urban areas used telemedicine 2.4 times more than health systems in rural areas since April 2020 at the median. In March 2023, 29% of all mental health care visits and 21% of substance use disorder care were provided via telemedicine. Payment parity mandates are associated with a 2.5 percentage point increase in telemedicine use in the first quarter of 2023 compared to states without mandates.

Conclusions

The pandemic resulted in a sustained change in the use of telemedicine. The predominance of mental health care in telemedicine suggests that this mode of service delivery could be instrumental to increasing access to mental health services in the United States.
Molecular combination between alkanolamines and galvinol for ratiometric colorimetric sensing of CO2 gas
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kumar , Sharma Poonam , Mehara Pushkar , Das Pralay
Published: February 2025

This study involves reversible colorimetric sensing of carbon dioxide gas using alkanolamines (mono- and diethanolamine) in combination with galvinol in acetonitrile solvent medium as non-aqueous molecular system.
Vertical gradient in atmospheric particle phase state: a case study over the alaskan arctic oil fields
Authors: Lata Nurun Nahar , Cheng Zezhen , Dexheimer Darielle , Mathai Susan , Marcus Matthew A. , Pratt Kerri A. , Thevuthasan Theva , Mei Fan , China Swarup
Published: February 2025

The phase state of atmospheric particles impacts atmospheric processes like heterogeneous reactions, cloud droplet activation, and ice nucleation. This study highlights vertically resolved measurements of the phase state of individual particles.
On the Growth and Water Oxidation Stability of Hydrous Iridium Oxide
Authors: Zlatar Matej , Xie Xianxian , Franke Carlo , Hrbek Tomáš , Krtouš Zdeněk , Li Tong , Khalakhan Ivan , Cherevko Serhiy
Published: February 2025

Hydrous iridium oxide (HIROF) is a highly active catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with broad application in pH sensing and charge storage devices. However, the mechanisms driving its growth,...
Direct mechanochemical synthesis of SrMoO4: structural and luminescence properties
Authors: Gancheva Maria , Iordanova Reni , Avdeev Georgi , Piroeva Iskra , Ivanov Petar
Published: February 2025

In this study, the effects of ball milling conditions on the phase formation, symmetry of structural units and photoluminescence features of SrMoO4 were investigated.
High Specific Surface Area MMT/NO2 Intercalated Modified MgAl-LDHs Core-Shell Composites: Effective Inhibition for Steel in Cl- Contaminated Saturated Ca(OH)2 Solution
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Gan Binxin , Wu Chen , Lin Guo Liang , Ma Shenglan , Ye Yongbin , Jiang Wanxi , Huang Wenjin
Published: February 2025

This study developed nitrate-intercalated layered double hydroxides (NO2-LDHs) and their core-shell composites (NO2-LDHs@MMT) through an in situ co-precipitation method with montmorillonite (MMT). The corrosion inhibition performance for Q235 steel in...
Study on luminescence and energy transfer of Tm3+–Dy3+–Eu3+ tri-doped BBaLiAlP glass to realize white light emission
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Yeye , Zhu Zhongli
Published: February 2025

Energy transfer and luminescence characteristics in BBaLiAlPDy0.5Eu1.0Tmx glasses.
Spontaneous generation of angular momentum in chiral active crystals
Authors: Marini Bettolo Marconi Umberto , Caprini Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

We study a two-dimensional chiral active crystal composed of underdamped chiral active particles. These particles, characterized by intrinsic handedness and persistence, interact via linear forces derived from harmonic potentials. Chirality...
Optimizing electrochemical alcohols oxidation reactions via defect-rich CoFe-layered double hydroxide
Authors: Sun Xingjian , Zhang Ruikang , Lu Han , Yan Qichao , Sun Sicong , Gao Yuanzhe
Published: February 2025

The conversion of ethanol to acetic acid serves as a benchmark reaction for alcohols oxidation. The electrochemical oxidation of alcohols coupled with H2 generation has garnered considerable attention owing to...
Dendritic polyglutamic acid-chelerythrine nanocomplex for the reversal of bacterial tooth decay
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Yihua , Fan Fan , Zhang Hongbo , Xin Qiangwei , Sun Shiran , Xu Xinyuan , Zheng Liwei , Liu Yang , Ding Chunmei , Ding Mingming , Li Jianshu
Published: February 2025

Caries begins with an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization due to the continuous acid production of cariogenic bacteria. However, the prevention and treatment of caries in a simple and efficient...
Advancements in Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Real-Time Detection of Chemical Analytes: Sensing Materials and Applications
Authors: Cho Sung Hwan , Choi Seungwon , Suh Jun Min , Jang Ho Won
Published: February 2025

Chemicals are being used in various fields with the development of industry, but the importance of human safety from chemicals is emerging. Instead of the traditional detection methods of analyzing...
Unveiling CO2 reactivity with data-driven methods
Authors: Eckhoff Maike , Bublitz Kerstin L. , Proppe Jonny
Published: February 2025

We present a data-driven approach that integrates supervised learning, quantum chemistry, and uncertainty quantification to determine CO2 reactivity, enabling advances in carbon capture and the design of value-added chemicals.
Multi-Stage Collaborative Design of Hierarchical Twisted Hydrogel Electrolytes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries with High Capacity, Ultralong Stability, and Mechanical Robustness
Authors: Zhu Weiyan , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Peiyi
Published: February 2025

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity, intrinsic safety, and potentially high cycling stability. However, their practical application is hindered by sluggish...
Boosting efficient alkaline seawater oxygen evolution reaction of iron oxide hydroxide via plasma-induced oxygen defect engineering
Authors: Du Xiaoqian , Zhang Junjun , Zhou Xuanyu , Zhang Mengyuan , Wang Nailiang , Lin Xiu , Zhang Pengfei , Luo Zheng-Hong
Published: February 2025

Obtaining hydrogen through direct decomposition of seawater is of major sense for alleviating the increasing shortage of freshwater resources. Nonetheless, a major obstacle to the oxidation of saltwater is the...
Energy transfer-mediated carbonylimination of alkenes using a bifunctional reagent
Authors: Sun Zetian , Yu Weishu , Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng , Du Xiaohua
Published: February 2025

This study develops a photoinduced energy transfer-mediated method using bifunctional acyl oxime ethers under metal-free conditions to efficiently synthesize β-aminoketones with a broad substrate scope.
A MnCl2 Catalyzed Synthesis of Aldehydes from Organohalides by Using Samarium Metal in DMF
Authors: Chen Hongping , Mi Mingzhong , Wang Chao , Li Aowen , Qi Yan , Liu Yongjun
Published: February 2025

Catalyzed by MnCl2, a novel coupling reaction between organohalides and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was investigated in the presence of samarium metal under mild conditions. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic...
Engineering metal–organic framework towards suppressed leakage current in polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Kong Fanrong , Zhou Wenying , Zhang Fan , Li Weiwei , Li Haomiao , Zhu Yuanwei , Zhou Bin , Yao Tian , Li Bo
Published: February 2025

This work introduces ZIF-11 as a filler for PEI, showcasing its dual functionality in suppressing both ionic and electronic conduction.
Scrutinizing the sharp magnetoelastic transition and kinetic arrest in Fe49Rh51 alloy using neutron thermo-diffraction
Authors: Padrón Alemán Kenny , Cuello Gabriel J , Puente Orench Ines , Lopez-Garcia Javier , Arreguin Hernandez Maria de Lourdes , Sanchez Llamazares Jose Luis , Gorria Pedro , Alvarez-Alonso Pablo
Published: February 2025

Fe49Rh51 bulk alloy undertakes a sharp first-order magnetostructural transition from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) state around 332 K, accompanied by a drastic change of around 0.8 % in the...
A Comparison of Item Acquisition and Response Generalization for Semantic Versus Phonological Treatment of Aphasia
Authors: Schwen Blackett Deena , Kristinsson Sigfus , Walker Grant , Sayers Sara , Gibson Makayla , Wilmskoetter Janina , den Ouden Dirk B. , Fridriksson Julius , Bonilha Leonardo
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The purpose of this work is to examine whether therapy-related improvements in trained versus untrained items (acquisition and response generalization, respectively) are differentially affected by phonological versus semantic language treatments and to investigate individual variables associated with treatment response.

Method:

Sixty-three participants with chronic poststroke aphasia were included in this retrospective analysis of data from a large, multisite clinical trial with an unblinded cross-over design in which all participants underwent 3 weeks of semantic treatment and 3 weeks of phonological treatment. A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine treatment acquisition and generalization effects for the two treatment types. Multiple regression analyses were also conducted to examine individual participant factors associated with acquisition compared to generalization.

Results:

Results showed main effects of outcome type (acquisition vs. response generalization) and treatment type (semantic vs. phonological) on posttreatment changes in naming and an interaction between these factors: For acquisition, phonological treatment resulted in better gains than semantic treatment, whereas for response generalization, semantic treatment resulted in slightly better gains than phonological treatment. There were no significant associates of generalization gains. However, acquisition after phonological treatment was associated with less severe aphasia and higher nonverbal semantic processing abilities at baseline, whereas acquisition after semantic treatment was associated with apraxia of speech.

Conclusions:

On average, phonological treatment may be more effective for acquiring trained items, whereas semantic treatment may be more effective for response generalization to untrained items. Moreover, acquisition gains are associated with individual baseline variables. These findings could have clinical implications for treatment planning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28410212
Actuator Fault Detection and Identification Using H‐Infinity Filter
Authors: Egone Ndabarushimana , Lei Ma
Published: February 2025

Open‐circuit faults (OCFs) in insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) within single‐phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifiers can severely degrade system performance, leading to reduced output voltage, poor power quality, overheating, and safety risks, including electric shocks or fires. Reliable fault detection is critical for maintaining system efficiency and preventing further damage. This study presents an advanced fault detection method based on the H‐infinity (H∞) approach, utilizing an extended H∞ filter to monitor system behavior and generate residual signals indicative of faults. The method effectively filters out external disturbances and system noise, minimizing false positives and enhancing detection accuracy. The proposed method was evaluated through hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulations that replicated real‐world conditions of PWM rectifiers. Results show that the extended H∞ filter successfully detected OCFs with high accuracy and reduced false alarm rates. Performance metrics indicate a significant improvement in detection reliability compared to conventional methods. In conclusion, the H∞‐based fault detection method offers a robust solution for real‐time monitoring in power electronic systems. It enhances fault detection accuracy, reduces false alarms, and improves the operational safety and reliability of single‐phase PWM rectifiers. Integrating this technique into power systems can mitigate risks associated with IGBT failures and ensure optimal performance under varying operational conditions.
A New Genetic Algorithm‐Based Network for Text Localization in Degraded Social Media Images
Authors: Palaiahnakote Shivakumara , Kumar Chandrahas Pavan , Aggarwal Pranjal , Sharma Shubham , Chandana Pasupuleti , Basavanna Mahadveppa , Pal Umapada
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a novel model for understanding social image content through text localization. For text localization, we explore maximally stable extremal regions (MSER) for detecting components that work by clustering pixels with similar properties. The output of component detection includes several non‐text components due to the degradations of social media images. To select the best components among many, we explore the genetic algorithm by convolving different kernels with components, which results in a feature matrix that is further fed to EfficientNet for choosing actual text components. Therefore, the proposed model is called genetic algorithm based network for text localization in degraded social media images (TLDSMI). For evaluating text localization, we consider the images of the standard dataset of natural scenes by uploading and downloading from different social media platforms, namely, WhatsApp, Telegram, and Instagram. The effectiveness of our method is shown by testing on original and degraded standard datasets. For example, for the degraded images of different complexities including degradations caused by social media platforms, the proposed method performs well in almost all situations. In addition, the proposed model achieves the best F1‐Score, 0.76, 0.77, 0.70, and 0.78 for the degraded images of CUTE, ICDAR 2013, Total‐Text, and CTW1500, respectively, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Two‐Layer Optimal Electricity Trading Method for Distribution Networks with Multi‐MG
Authors: Zhe Chen , Da Lin , Zhihao Li , Xiangjin Wang , Yajie Tang
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a distributed trading strategy for microgrids based on a Stackelberg game to enhance the operational benefits of distribution networks (DNs) and microgrids (MGs) while reducing microgrid energy costs. First, we establish a multi‐objective two‐layer optimization trading model for DN‐MG interaction based on the Stackelberg game. In this model, the upper layer focuses on maximizing agent profits through a DN trading model, while the lower layer aims to minimize operator costs through an MG energy optimization model. Next, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions are applied to reformulate the two‐layer model into a single‐layer model. Subsequently, linear transformations are used to convert the model into a mixed‐integer linear programming model. The transformations aim to address the nonlinear issues arising from multivariable coupling between the upper and lower‐layers trading models. Simulation results indicate that the proposed trading strategy significantly increases the profits of DN agents while lowering the operational costs of MGs. This approach offers valuable insights for decision‐making in electricity markets that involve microgrids.
A Multiple Market Trading Mechanism for Virtual Power Plants Participating in Electricity Energy‐Renewable Energy Certificate‐Carbon Emission Right Markets
Authors: Li Yun , Huang Zhihong , Zhou Jianguo , Guo Ye , Gong Junqiang , Chen Tunan
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a novel trading mechanism that enables virtual power plants (VPPs) to simultaneously engage in electricity, renewable energy certificate (REC), and carbon emission right (CER) markets, taking into account the differences in regulation time scales and trading time granularity. We present a multi‐layer trading model with rolling window approach to show the model structure. By incorporating parametric programming for the problem‐solving process, this approach captures the sensitivity of daily dispatch decisions to REC and CER market parameters, bringing up an exchange method of parameter information between the model's layers. The dispatching correction process can help reduce the negative impact of uncertainties caused by the parameter sensitivity differences in the electricity trading layer. Case studies show that the resulting framework significantly bolsters the VPP's profit maximisation and risk mitigation capabilities.
Study of an active region prominence using spectropolarimetric data in the He I D3 multiplet
Authors: Esteban Pozuelo S. , Asensio Ramos A. , Trujillo Bueno J. , Ramelli R. , Zeuner F. , Bianda M.
Published: February 2025

Prominences are cool overdensities of plasma supported by magnetic fields that levitate in the solar corona. The physical characterization of these structures is key for understanding the magnetic field in the corona. Our work attempts to shed light on the properties of prominences by using observations at high polarimetric sensitivity in the He i Dmathrm multiplet taken with the Z"urich Imaging Polarimeter-3 instrument at the Istituto ricerche solari Aldo e Cele Dacc`o observatory. We used the Hanle and Zeeman light inversion code to infer the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of an active region prominence, assuming one- and two-component models. Our observations unveil a great diversity of physical conditions in the prominence. The observed Stokes profiles are usually broad and show interesting features, which can be described assuming a two-component model. The contribution of each component and the trends inferred for some parameters vary with the distance to the solar limb. While both components have analogous properties and contribute similarly close to the limb, a major component mainly describes the properties inferred at 10--40 away from the limb. Moreover, both components usually show significant differences in thermal broadening, which is essential for ensuring a good fit quality between observations and synthetic profiles. Summarizing, the observed region of the prominence shows line-of-sight velocities of 1--3 km and rather horizontal fields of 20--80 gauss. We also report hints of a twist close to a prominence foot and changes in the magnetic configuration at specific locations. Our results indicate a mainly horizontal magnetic field of a few tens of gauss in the prominence. A model of two components with different thermal broadenings and filling factors, depending on the limb distance, is crucial for providing a consistent solution across most of the observed prominence.
A comprehensive broadband analysis of the high-redshift GRB 240218A
Authors: Brivio R. , Campana S. , Covino S. , Ferro M. , Gianfagna G. , Bernardini M.G. , D'Avanzo P. , Giarratana S. , Ghirlanda G. , Hu Y.-D. , Melandri A. , Nava L. , Piro L. , Rossi A. , Salafia O.S. , Salvaggio C. , Salvaterra R. , Sbarrato T. , Sbarufatti B. , Tagliaferri G. , Thakur A.L. , Tovmassian G. , Ag"u'i Fern'andez J.F. , Bruni G. , Castro-Tirado A.J. , D'Elia V. , De Pasquale M. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , de Wet S. , Hartmann D.H. , Klose S. , Kobayashi S. , Maiorano E. , Malesani D.B. , Marini E. , Martin-Carrillo A. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. , Pandey S.B. , Paris D. , Pugliese G. , Rau A. , Ricci R. , Saccardi A. , S'anchez-Ram'irez R. , Tanvir N.R. , Th"one C. , Zafar T.
Published: February 2025

The detection and follow-up observations of high-redshift (z>6) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide a unique opportunity to explore the properties of the distant Universe. Unfortunately, they are rather rare, with only a dozen of them identified so far. We present here the discovery of the GRB with the second highest spectroscopic redshift measured to date, GRB,240218A at z=6.782, and the broadband analysis of its afterglow. Following the detection by high-energy satellites, we obtained multi-epoch and multi-wavelength photometric follow-up observations, from 68 to ∼48 after the detection. These data allow us to perform a comprehensive study of the emission and physical properties of this event. We also compare these properties with GRBs observed at high and low redshift. We built the X-ray, near-infrared, and radio light curves and studied their temporal evolution. Moreover, we investigated the spectral energy distribution (SED) at different times to trace possible spectral evolution. We also compared the prompt phase properties, X-ray luminosity, and optical extinction of GRB,240218A with those of the long-duration GRB (LGRB) population. The SED analysis reveals a typical afterglow-like behaviour at late times. The origin of the early-time emission is uncertain, with the probable presence of an additional contribution on top of the afterglow emission. From the broadband physical modelling of the afterglow, we identify a narrow Gaussian jet seen slightly off-axis, theta_v=2.52^ rm,deg and pinpoint the presence of a possible jet break ∼0.86 after the trigger. The results of the analysis and the comparison with other high-z GRBs reveal that we can consider GRB,240218A as a `standard' high-redshift LGRB: the prompt phase properties, the X-ray luminosity, and the optical extinction are consistent with the values derived for the LGRB population. The jet opening angle is narrower but compatible with those of high-z bursts, possibly pointing to more collimated jets at high redshift.
The Melukat Culture in Bali as an Effective Coping Strategy for Dealing with Anxiety
Authors: Milanisty Aliffa
Published: February 2025

This research aims to explore the role of the Melukat culture in Bali as an effective coping strategy for dealing with anxiety. Anxiety is a common emotional experience faced by many individuals in their daily lives. The Melukat culture in Bali holds deep spiritual value and has been an integral part of Balinese society for centuries. This study applies a narrative literature review type literature study method to five reference sources indexed in Google Scholar with a span of the last ten years. Melukat is a spiritual cleansing ritual deeply rooted in Balinese culture. It involves prayer, meditation, and sacred practices believed to offer psychological benefits. This practice not only serves as a religious act but is hypothesized to alleviate anxiety and foster emotional well-being.
Unter dem Strich hat es sich eben nichtdestotrotz gelohnt
Authors: Fischer Jonny , Komiker Schweizer
Published: February 2025

Jonny Fischer ist einer der bekanntesten Schweizer Comedians, zusammen mit Manuel Burkart bilden sie das Duo Cabaret Divertimento. 2022 berichtete er in einem Buch
1
über seinen autobiografischen Lebensweg. PiD-Mitherausgeber Christoph Flückiger hat mit ihm gesprochen.
Transkulturelle Psychotherapie
Authors: Huber Helene
Published: February 2025

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Verantwortungsübernahme im Kontext von Krieg und Flucht: Wie kann die Psych*-Profession helfen?
Authors: Stapel Sarah , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta
Published: February 2025

Der Verein „Gemeinsam für psychische Gesundheit e. V.“ (GPG) bietet u. a. psychologische Hilfe für Schutzsuchende aus der Ukraine, mit Fokus auf niedrigschwelliger Beratung und Interpersoneller Psychotherapie (IPT). GPG organisiert digitale Schulungen für Therapierende in der Ukraine, um die psychische Gesundheitsversorgung vor Ort zu stärken. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit rascher solidarischer Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung der psychischen Gesundheit in Krisenzeiten.
Ressourcen zur Bewältigung von Sprachbarrieren in der psychosozialen Versorgung
Authors: Mösko Mike
Published: February 2025

Viele Menschen, die nicht hinreichend Deutsch sprechen, erfahren zahlreiche Hürden in der psychosozialen Versorgung. Um Zugangsbarrieren abzubauen, existieren 5 Kommunikationsstrategien: direkte Kommunikation, mehrsprachige Kommunikationsmittel, technische Hilfsmittel, Behandlung durch mehrsprachige Behandler und Einsatz von (professionellen) Dolmetschern. Die Integration dieser Lösungen in die Regelversorgung erfordert besondere Anstrengungen.
Nicht kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom – Vorreiter der personalisierten Onkologie
Authors: Saalfeld Felix Carl , Aust Daniela E , Wermke Martin
Published: February 2025

Bei keiner anderen Krebserkrankung ist die klinische Praxis so nah an den Idealen der personalisierten Onkologie wie in der Behandlung des nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC). Wir stellen hier kurz die Grundprinzipien der molekularen Analyse dar. Der Fokus des Artikels liegt auf dem klinischen Nutzen der Therapie. Schließlich zeigen wir die Herausforderungen für das ärztliche Personal und strukturelle Lösungsansätze auf.
Molekular zielgerichtete Therapien – brauchen wir überhaupt noch Chemotherapie?
Authors: Hellmuth Johannes C. , Koch Raphael , Weigert Oliver
Published: February 2025

Fortschritte im Verständnis der Biologie maligner Lymphome haben die Entwicklung zahlreicher molekular zielgerichteter Therapien ermöglicht. So kann die chronische lymphatische Leukämie heutzutage fast vollständig chemotherapiefrei behandelt werden. Doch wie sieht diese Entwicklung bei anderen Lymphomen aus? Im vorliegenden Artikel wollen wir eine Übersicht über molekular zielgerichtete Therapieansätze bei malignen B- und T-Zell-Lymphomen geben.
Pulmonale Raumforderung: Über die malignen Ursachen hinausdenken – Ein Fall von Histoplasmose
Authors: Terhalle Elena
Published: February 2025

Ein 49-jähriger Patient wurde zur Abklärung eines pulmonalen Rundherds und einer Lymphadenopathie vorgestellt. Nach der Entfernung eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms an der Lippe und eines Nierenzellkarzinoms zeigten Nachuntersuchungen neue Lungen- und Lymphknotenveränderungen. Eine initiale Vermutung auf maligne Metastasen bestätigte sich nicht; stattdessen wurden Pilzorganismen festgestellt. Durch eine detaillierte Anamnese, positive Serologie und eine spezifische PCR konnte schließlich die Diagnose einer pulmonalen Histoplasmose gestellt werden.
Quality of Life after Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery in the United Kingdom: The QUADS Study
Authors: Ripoll Brianda , Olayiwola Adeyemi , Kalra Sanjeev , Syed Aidil , Capoccia Massimo , Ahmed Shaheen , Koulouroudias Marinos , Mocanu Ioan , Clark Stephen , Deglurkar Indu , Elmahdy Walid , Hyde Jonathan , Nicou Niki , Attar Nawar Al , Cale Alexander , Loubani Mahmoud , Oo Aung Ye , Lopez-Marco Ana
Published: February 2025

Background Acute Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition that carries significant mortality and morbidity; a proportion of the survivors might require further aortic procedures in the mid-/long-term follow-up. Quality of life (QoL) after TAAD is not well studied. Quality of life after Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery (QUADS) is the first multicentre study to assess QoL in survivors of surgically treated TAAD.

Methods A tailored questionnaire for survivors of TAAD was designed with patient and public involvement. Patients who underwent surgery from 2018 to 2022 in eight United Kingdom centres were invited to participate. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative prospectively collected data were collated and analyzed retrospectively. The data were analyzed with SPSS v29. Patient's questionnaire was validated with a Cronbach's alpha analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and AMOS confirmatory factor analysis. Three groups were created according to QoL (Good, Fair, Poor).

Results A total of 162 patients were recruited. Majority were male with a mean age of 63 years (24–92). Surgical procedures for TAAD were root and ascending aorta replacement (n = 61, 38%), ascending (n = 81, 50%), and/or arch replacement (n = 20, 12%). Eleven patients (7%) required later intervention. Patient's answers regarding overall QoL were good (n = 67, 41%), fair (n = 89, 55%), and poor (n = 6, 4%). Neurological complications, circulatory arrest duration, reoperation for bleeding, postoperative myocardial infraction, arrhythmias, wound infection, and patient destination at discharge have been identified as main variables impacting on QoL after TAAD surgery across different domains of this questionnaire.

Conclusion QUADS questionnaire is the first tailored and validated questionnaire for TAAD survivors. Results in the United Kingdom population suggest that it is a useful tool to assess QoL after TAAD surgery.
Evaluation of Queue Management System (QMS) Use in Chest X-Ray for Tuberculosis Screening: A Case Study
Authors: Nwaiwu Victor Chigbundu , Das Sreemoy Kanti
Published: February 2025

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a threat to public health globally and is one of the top infectious killer diseases in Africa and Asia. The government and international partners have strategically intervened by cascading chest radiography (CXR) to identify, manage, and monitor treatments outcomes. However, patient have reportedly been dissatisfied with the quality of CXR screening services provided, raising complains that spans across quality of care, waiting times, communication levels, staff attitudes, and treatment outcomes.

Aim, Settings, and Design Coming at this present time when the major focus in health care is on improving patients' care and experience, this study aims to ascertain the performance of queue management system (QMS) use for CXR-TB screening in Nigeria as well as its acceptability; adopting quantitative research design.

Materials and Methods Questionnaires were administered face-to-face to the three categories of respondents (radiographers, radiology assistants, and patients) who meet the specific set of inclusion criteria, following a brief explanation about the research aim. Consent was gotten by way of a signed consent form and ethical approval obtained. A Likert 5-point scale was utilized in analyzing the responses, undergoing descriptive statistics using SPSS (version 25) software.

Results QMS is extremely useful in workflow, accuracy, communication, combatting work stress, and maintaining privacy, but with accompanying occasional technical challenges. A remarkable preference for QMS to manual in CXR-TB screening was noted among all research subjects, with strong level of agreement (close mean values of 4.06, 3.81, 3.91; standard deviation of 0.70, 0.73, 0.60).

Conclusion Findings from this study uncover the vital role the QMS plays in improving the quality of CXR-TB screening services, demonstrating great acceptability.
Tilted wire array explodes into quadrupolar density structures in first-of-its-kind study
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: February 2025

Experiments on magnetic reconnection could lead to improved interpretations of spacecraft data.
Study on the application value of “micro-aspiration” in prevention and control of ventilator-related pneumonia in severely ill patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Rong , Liu Jin , Wei Jin , Li XiaoYan , Deng XueJiao , Wang YanHong
Published: February 2025

Background: Micro-aspiration is a significant risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients. Recent guidelines have increasingly recommended micro-aspiration prevention strategies; however, the practical application and guidance value of these recommendations still require further evaluation. This study aims to analyze the application value of the “micro-aspiration prevention” concept in the prevention and control of VAP in critically ill patients. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 94 critically ill patients at our hospital from April 2021 to May 2023, all of whom received mechanical ventilation. The conventional group followed the standard prevention and control protocol, while the prevention group implemented additional intervention measures guided by the “micro-aspiration prevention” concept in addition to the standard protocol. Results: The prevention group had significantly lower rates of VAP incidence (2.13% vs 14.89%, P < 0.05), micro-aspiration (0% vs 17.02%, P = 0.017), reflux (2.13% vs not specified, P = 0.004), and tracheal mucosal injury (0% vs not specified, P = 0.017) compared to the conventional group. The prevention group also showed lower micro-aspiration risk scores (P = 0.006) and a shorter intensive care unit length of stay (P = 0.036). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that applying the “micro-aspiration prevention” concept significantly reduces the risk of micro-aspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients. This approach not only lowers the incidence of VAP and micro-aspiration but also dramatically reduces hospitalization costs and the risk of complications.
Static and dynamic friction coefficients in DEM simulations of viscoelastic particles
Authors: Wolf Dietrich E. , Führer Florian , Brendel Lothar
Published: February 2025

Whereas the elastic Hertzian contact force with nonlinear damping gives rise to the overlap dynamics in the discrete element method, the precise physical meaning of tangential springs representing solid friction has remained obscure. Moreover, the well-known difference between the static and the sliding friction coefficient has often been ignored. In the present paper, the recently derived linear continuous spring–dashpot–slider model is generalized for viscoelastic spheres, where the spring stiffness and damping depend on the overlap and its time derivative. It compares favorably to the force–displacement relations obtained from the viscoelastic continuum theory. Both the linear and the generalized, non-linear model readily lend themselves to an efficient implementation of the difference between static and sliding friction coefficients. Their application in a simulation of chute flow quantifies the errors incurred, if one assumes that static and sliding friction coefficients were equal.
Thermal transport through a single trapped ion under strong laser illumination
Authors: Tassis T. , Brito F. , Semião F. L.
Published: February 2025

In this work, we study quantum heat transport in a single trapped ion, driven by laser excitation and coupled to thermal reservoirs operating at different temperatures. Our focus lies in understanding how different laser coupling scenarios impact the system dynamics. As the laser intensity reaches a regime where the electronic and motional degrees of freedom of the ion couple strongly, traditional approaches using phenomenological models for thermal reservoirs become inadequate. Therefore, the adoption of the dressed master equation formalism becomes crucial, enabling a deeper understanding of how distinct laser intensities influence heat transport. Analyzing the heat current within the parameter space defined by detuning and coupling strength, we observe intriguing circular patterns that are influenced by the vibrational frequency of the ion and laser parameters and reveal nuanced relationships between heat transport and coherence, as well as phenomena such as negative differential heat conductivity and heat rectification, offering insights into the thermal properties of this essential quantum technology setup.
Kuramoto model with stochastic resetting and coupling through an external medium
Authors: Bressloff Paul C.
Published: February 2025

Most studies of collective phenomena in oscillator networks focus on directly coupled systems, as exemplified by the classical Kuramoto model. However, there are a growing number of examples in which oscillators interact indirectly via a common external medium, including bacterial quorum sensing (QS) networks, pedestrians walking on a bridge, and centrally coupled lasers. In this paper, we analyze the effects of stochastic phase resetting on a Kuramoto model with indirect coupling. All the phases are simultaneously reset to their initial values at a random sequence of times generated from a Poisson process. On the other hand, the external environmental state is not reset. We first derive a continuity equation for the population density in the presence of resetting and show how the resulting density equation is itself subject to stochastic resetting. We then use an Ott–Antonsen (OA) Ansatz to reduce the infinite-dimensional system to a four-dimensional piecewise deterministic system with subsystem resetting. The latter is used to explore how synchronization depends on a cell density parameter. (In bacterial QS, this represents the ratio of the population cell volume and the extracellular volume.) At high densities, we recover the OA dynamics of the classical Kuramoto model with global resetting. On the other hand, at low densities, we show how subsystem resetting has a major effect on collective synchronization, ranging from noise-induced transitions to slow/fast dynamics.
Nonlinear excitation of particle fluxes by turbulence spreading in tokamak plasma
Authors: Miyamoto R. , Kasuya N. , Yagi M.
Published: February 2025

Sustainment of a high-density plasma is an essential issue in fusion reactors, and penetration of particles deep into the core is necessary after injecting solid fuel pellets. One of the promising methods is to utilize a radial inward particle flux induced by plasma turbulence. In this paper, a global model is used to simulate the plasmas after post-ablation by introducing a peaked density profile as an initial condition. Nonlinearly sustained inward fluxes was observed, so nonlinear analyses are carried out to evaluate the energy balance of the fluctuation modes, which identifies dominant nonlinear couplings that drive the inward particle flux. The sustainment includes two fundamental mechanisms: (i) nonlinear mode couplings associated with local linear unstable modes and nonlinearly excited modes, and (ii) nonlocal turbulence spreading from the strong gradient region. This study provides the basis to increase an inward turbulent flux in the inverted particle gradient region.
Quadrupolar density structures in driven magnetic reconnection experiments with a guide field
Authors: Varnish T. W. O. , Chen J. , Chowdhry S. , Datta R. , Dowhan G. V. , Horan L. S. , Jordan N. M. , Neill E. R. , Shah A. P. , Shapovalov R. , Sporer B. J. , McBride R. D. , Hare J. D.
Published: February 2025

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous process in plasma physics, driving rapid and energetic events such as coronal mass ejections. Reconnection between magnetic fields with arbitrary shear can be decomposed into an anti-parallel reconnecting component and a non-reconnecting guide-field component, which is parallel to the reconnecting electric field. This guide field modifies the structure of the reconnection layer and the reconnection rate. We present results from experiments on the MAIZE pulsed-power generator (500 kA peak current, 200 ns rise time), which use two exploding wire arrays, tilted in opposite directions, to embed a guide field in the plasma flows with a relative strength b≡Bg/Brec=0, 0.4, or 1. The reconnection layers in these experiments have widths that are less than the ion skin depth, di=c/ωpi, indicating the importance of the Hall term, which generates a distinctive quadrupolar magnetic field structure along the separatrices of the reconnection layer. Using laser imaging interferometry, we observe quadrupolar structures in the line-integrated electron density, consistent with the interaction of the embedded guide field with the quadrupolar Hall field. Our measurements extend over much larger length scales (40di) at higher β (∼1) than previous experiments, providing an insight into the global structure of the reconnection layer.
Phase diagram and elementary excitations of strongly interacting droplets with non-local interactions
Authors: Łebek Maciej , Kopyciński Jakub , Gorecki Wojciech , Ołdziejewski Rafał , Pawlowski Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

A one-dimensional bosonic gas with strong contact repulsion and attractive non-local interactions may form a quantum droplet with a flat-top density profile. We focus on a system in the Tonks-Girardeau limit of infinitely strong contact repulsion. We show that the main system features are the same for a broad class of non-local interaction potentials. Then, we focus on a limiting case, the one of slowly varying density profiles, to find approximate formulas for the surface and bulk energies of a droplet. We further characterise the system by numerically finding the excitation spectrum. It consists of two families: phononic-like excitations inside droplets and scattering modes. Analysis within the linearised regime is supplemented with the full, nonlinear dynamics of small perturbations.
Perfect revivals of Rabi oscillations and hybrid Bell states in a trapped ion
Authors: Torres Juan Mauricio , Ventura-Velázquez Christian , Arellano-Melendez Ivan
Published: February 2025

We show that perfect revivals of Rabi oscillations are possible, under certain conditions, in the population inversion of a trapped ion. Based on this property, we find that Schrödinger cat states of the atomic motion are naturally generated by the unitary dynamics. Using a pair of symmetric and antisymmetric Schrödinger cat states of motion, together with an electronic excited or ground state, we find that the interaction leads to four orthonormal maximally entangled states or hybrid Bell states as they are encoded in two partitions of different nature. We also study a quadratic Kerr-type evolution that is possible for short interaction times.