bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and safety of subcutaneous rituximab plus fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Assouline Sarit , Buccheri Valeria , Delmer Alain , Gaidano Gianluca , McIntyre Christine , Brewster Michael , Catalani Olivier , Hourcade‐Potelleret Florence , Sayyed Pakeeza , Badoux Xavier
Published: April 2015

Aims

The aim of the phase Ib, two part SAWYER study (BO25341; NCT01292603) was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of subcutaneous (s.c.) rituximab compared with intravenous (i.v.) rituximab, both in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC), as first line treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL).

Methods

During part 1 (dose‐finding), CLL patients received rituximab i.v. followed by a single dose of rituximab s.c. at one of three fixed doses (1400, 1600 or 1870 mg) in cycle 6. The primary objective was to identify a fixed s.c. dose that would achieve comparable rituximab serum trough concentrations (Ctrough) to those achieved with the standard 4 weekly 500 mg m–2 rituximab i.v. dose.

Results

Fifty‐five patients received a fixed dose of rituximab s.c., 16 received 1400 mg, 17 received 1600 mg and 22 received 1870 mg. The 1600 mg dose was predicted to achieve non‐inferior Ctrough to standard rituximab i.v. treatment. The rituximab s.c. safety profile was comparable with rituximab i.v., except that local administration‐related reactions, mainly mild/moderate injection site reactions, occurred more frequently with rituximab s.c., which was not unexpected. Subcutaneous administration was preferred to i.v. administration by >90% of patients and nurses (n = 112).

Conclusions

SAWYER part 1 data predict that rituximab s.c. 1600 mg will achieve non‐inferior Ctrough concentrations to rituximab i.v. 500 mg m–2, administered 4 weekly. This fixed s.c. dose is currently undergoing formal non‐inferiority assessment in SAWYER part 2. In future, CLL treatment regimens comprising rituximab s.c. and oral FC could substantially reduce i.v. chair time.
Exploring TED talks as linked data for education
Authors: Taibi Davide , Chawla Saniya , Dietze Stefan , Marenzi Ivana , Fetahu Besnik
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we present the TED Talks dataset which exposes all metadata and the actual transcripts of available TED talks as structured Linked Data. The TED talks collection is composed of more than 1800 talks, along with 35 000 transcripts in over 30 languages, related to a wide range of topics. In this regard, TED talks metadata available in structured, multilingual and HTTP‐accessible form constitute a valuable resource, for instance, for schoolteachers, to explore controversial contemporary topics with their students in order to stimulate awareness and critical thinking or as a means for language learning. Moreover, being compliant with state‐of‐the‐art Linked Data principles, our dataset facilitates the computation of links with related data and resources. The TED dataset is used by a number of educational applications, and it is included in the LinkedUp Data Catalog.
Romidepsin in peripheral and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: mechanistic implications from clinical and correlative data
Authors: Bates Susan E. , Eisch Robin , Ling Alexander , Rosing Douglas , Turner Maria , Pittaluga Stefania , Prince H. Miles , Kirschbaum Mark H. , Allen Steven L. , Zain Jasmine , Geskin Larisa J. , Joske David , Popplewell Leslie , Cowen Edward W. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Nichols Jean , Kennedy Sally , Steinberg Seth M. , Liewehr David J. , Showe Louise C. , Steakley Caryn , Wright John , Fojo Tito , Litman Thomas , Piekarz Richard L.
Published: April 2015

Romidepsin is an epigenetic agent approved for the treatment of patients with cutaneous or peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL and PTCL). Here we report data in all patients treated on the National Cancer Institute 1312 trial, demonstrating long‐term disease control and the ability to retreat patients relapsing off‐therapy. In all, 84 patients with CTCL and 47 with PTCL were enrolled. Responses occurred early, were clinically meaningful and of very long duration in some cases. Notably, patients with PTCL receiving romidepsin as third‐line therapy or later had a comparable response rate (32%) of similar duration as the total population (38%). Eight patients had treatment breaks of 3·5 months to 10 years; in four of six patients, re‐initiation of treatment led to clear benefit. Safety data show slightly greater haematological and constitutional toxicity in PTCL. cDNA microarray studies show unique individual gene expression profiles, minimal overlap between patients, and both induction and repression of gene expression that reversed within 24 h. These data argue against cell death occurring as a result of an epigenetics‐mediated gene induction programme. Together this work supports the safety and activity of romidepsin in T‐cell lymphoma, but suggests a complex mechanism of action.
Perspectives for therapeutic targeting of gene mutations in acute myeloid leukaemia with normal cytogenetics
Authors: Falini Brunangelo , Sportoletti Paolo , Brunetti Lorenzo , Martelli Maria Paola
Published: April 2015

The acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) genome contains more than 20 driver recurrent mutations. Here, we review the potential for therapeutic targeting of the most common mutations associated with normal cytogenetics AML, focusing on those affecting the FLT3, NPM1 and epigenetic modifier genes (DNMT3A, IDH1/2, TET2). As compared to early compounds, second generation FLT3 inhibitors are more specific and have better pharmacokinetics. They also show higher anti‐leukaemic activity, leading to about 50% of composite complete remissions in refractory/relapsed FLT3‐internal tandem duplication‐mutated AML. However, rapid relapses invariably occur due to various mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors. This issue and the best way for using FLT3 inhibitors in combination with other therapeutic modalities are discussed. Potential approaches for therapeutic targeting of NPM1‐mutated AML include: (i) reverting the aberrant nuclear export of NPM1 mutant using exportin‐1 inhibitors; (ii) disruption of the nucleolus with drugs blocking the oligomerization of wild‐type nucleophosmin or inducing nucleolar stress; and (iii) immunotherapeutic targeting of highly expressed CD33 and IL3RA (CD123) antigens. Finally, we discuss the role of demethylating agents (decitabine and azacitidine) and IDH1/2 inhibitors in the treatment of AML patients carrying mutations of genes (DNMT3A, IDH1/2 and TET2) involved in the epigenetic regulation of transcription.
Changing paradigms in the management of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Lang Kathryn J. , Saha Prakash , Roberts Lara N. , Arya Roopen
Published: April 2015

In adults diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), challenges remain in the management of the acute event whilst remaining alert to long‐term morbidity. The addition of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) to the pharmacopoeia represents the first of a number of recent advancements in the management of DVT. Worldwide, uptake of these agents has been avid, although drug selection, reversal and chronic treatment effects continue to be controversial areas. Multi‐centre studies to evaluate the impact of NOACs on long‐term outcomes, including thrombosis recurrence and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), are ongoing. Validation of tools capable of predicting PTS would enable patient selection for early aggressive intervention, such as local thrombolysis. Such interventional strategies are gaining momentum as initial approaches and would benefit from large randomized controlled trials.
Follow‐up of the neuro‐urological patient: a systematic review
Authors: Averbeck Marcio Augusto , Madersbacher Helmut
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To systematically review the long‐term urological follow‐up strategies for patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), focusing on three main groups of neurological diseases: (i) spinal cord injuries, (ii) spinal dysraphism, and (iii) multiple sclerosis.

Patients and Methods

Data acquisition comprised electronic search on the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) database and the EMBASE database in August 2014 to retrieve English language studies. MEDLINE and EMBASE search included the following medical subject heading (MeSH) terms: (i) neurogenic bladder and (ii) neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Each of these terms was crossed with (i) long‐term care and (ii) long‐term surveillance. Only studies related to NLUTD and urological follow‐up were included. Studies were also identified by hand search of reference lists and review articles.

Results

Initial records identified through database searching included 265 articles. In all, 23 articles were included in the quantitative synthesis. The proposed time schedule of investigations as well as the amount and type of investigation were different according to specific neurological lesions. They depend on the dysfunctional pattern of the lower urinary tract (LUT) and its risk profile. However, there is a lack of high‐evidence level studies to support an optimal long‐term follow‐up protocol.

Conclusions

The goal of neuro‐urological management is the best possible preservation of upper urinary tract (UUT) and LUT function in relation to the individual neurological disorder. Regular and risk adapted controls (‘urochecks’) allow detection of risk‐factors in time before irreversible changes of the LUT and UUT have occurred. With risk‐ and patient‐oriented lifelong regular urological care an optimised quality of life and life‐expectancy can be achieved, although there is a complete lack of high‐evidence level studies on this topic.
Volatilité dans l'utilisation des indicateurs de performance municipale : Bilan et nouvelle perspective d'analyse
Authors: Charbonneau Étienne , Divay Gérard , Gardey Damien
Published: April 2015

Sommaire

Les indicateurs de performance municipale font l'objet d'un intérêt renouvelé par les provinces et villes canadiennes, comme dans plusieurs autres pays. À partir d'une revue des études publiées, cet essai enrichit la littérature sur deux points. Il établit un bilan des connaissances sur leur utilisation qui prend en compte la diversité des types d'indicateurs. Il propose aussi un cadre d'analyse de l'interface politico‐administrative locale qui aide à comprendre la variabilité et la volatilité dans l'utilisation de divers types d'indicateurs. Cette nouvelle perspective permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi l'utilisation des indicateurs de performance par les élus et administrateurs est limitée.
JCA–AACR Joint Symposia in the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cancer Association, Yokohama, 25–26 September 2014
Authors: Yao Ryoji , Mori Seiichi , Noda Tetsuo
Published: April 2015

To integrate and discuss the cutting‐edge science and revolutionized therapeutics of cancer in Japan and the United States, JCA (Japanese Cancer Association)–AACR (American Association for Cancer Research) Joint Symposia were held on 25th (Symposium 2) and 26th (Symposium 1) in September 2014 as a part of the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cancer Association at Pacifico Yokohama in Yokohama, Japan. The symposia focused on mouse genetics and human genomics in cancer research. Eight prominent scientists from JCA and AACR discussed their own research in the symposia. They provided substantial fruitful information not only for identification of novel target molecules and pathways in cancer therapeutics but also for direct translation of cancer genomics into clinics
Retracted: Long Non‐coding RNA Linc‐ITGB1 Knockdown Inhibits Cell Migration and Invasion in GBC‐SD/M and GBC‐SD Gallbladder Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Yunjiao , Lv Wenjie , Lu Jianhua , Mu Jiasheng , Liu Yingbin , Dong Ping
Published: April 2015

Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a low 5‐year survival rate. Despite advances in the molecular understanding of the initiation and progression in gallbladder cancer, treatment modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy in advanced cases did not yield promising outcomes. Therefore, it is of great importance to uncover new mechanism underlying gallbladder cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we identified a differentially expressed long intergenic non‐coding RNA, linc‐ITGB1, in a pair of higher and lower metastatic gallbladder cancer cell sublines. Then, the potential role of linc‐ITGB1 in gallbladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was explored using a lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference system. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of linc‐ITGB1 significantly inhibited gallbladder cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were reduced by over twofold in linc‐ITGB1 knockdown cells probably due to upregulation of β‐catenin and downregulation of vimentin, slug, and TCF8. In conclusion, linc‐ITGB1 potentially promoted gallbladder cancer invasion and metastasis by accelerating the process of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, and the application of RNA interference targeting linc‐ITGB1 might be a potential form of gallbladder cancer treatment in advanced cases.
The goal of making friends for youth with disabilities: creating a goal menu
Authors: Gerhardt S. , McCallum A. , McDougall C. , Keenan S. , Rigby P.
Published: April 2015

Background

Clinicians working with youth with disabilities have acknowledged making friends as a commonly identified client goal. Clinicians find this goal difficult to address, as there are no measures that provide a breakdown of making friends into functional steps. In addition, research on friendship has traditionally focused on characteristics and quality of friendships rather than the friend‐making process as a whole. A goal menu, comprised of a variety of steps that address the goal of making friends, would provide guidance to clinicians challenged with this goal in practice.

Purpose

To develop an understanding of the friend‐making process as a first step towards the development of a goal menu for the goal of making friends.

Methods

A literature review, youth focus group and expert clinician semi‐structured interviews and consultation were used to generate a comprehensive data set. Established qualitative methods were used to sort and group the data into categories. A thematic analysis of the categories was performed.

Results

Analysis revealed four themes integral to the friend‐making process: person factors influencing friend‐making, making friend‐making a priority, opportunity for friend‐making and motivation to make friends. An additional theme identified as occasionally involved in the process was a little bit of luck in making friends.

Conclusions

The themes generated by this research indicate that actionable target areas exist for the somewhat abstract notion of friend‐making and the authors recommend that clinicians explore beyond person factors when addressing the goal of making friends. As a next step, the identified themes will provide the foundation for a goal menu, ultimately enabling clinicians to address the goal of making friends in a more efficient and effective manner.
Correlates of physical activity behaviours in young Iranian girls
Authors: Khodaverdi Z. , Bahram A. , Robinson L. E.
Published: April 2015

Background

This study examined the relationship among motor skill competence, perceived motor competence (PMC), health‐related physical fitness and physical activity in 8–9‐year‐old Iranian girls (n = 352).

Methods

Locomotor and object control motor skill competence was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development – 2nd edition. PMC was assessed using the Physical Ability subscale of Marsh's Self‐Description Questionnaire‐1. Health‐related physical fitness was measured with body mass index, the 600 yard run/walk, curl‐ups, push‐ups, and back‐saver sit and reach tests. Children's physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children.

Results

Regression analysis revealed that locomotor proficiency, aerobic fitness and PMC accounted for 56% (P < .001) of variance associated with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity.

Conclusion

The findings warrant future investigations that examine interventions that focus on motor skill and perceived competence along with aerobic fitness to promote physical activity in girls.
Clinical and molecular characterization of females affected by X‐linked retinoschisis
Authors: Staffieri Sandra E , Rose Loreto , Chang Andrew , De Roach John N , McLaren Terri L , Mackey David A , Hewitt Alex W , Lamey Tina M
Published: April 2015

Background

X‐linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a leading cause of juvenile macular degeneration associated with mutations in the RS1 gene. XLRS has a variable expressivity in males and shows no clinical phenotype in carrier females.

Design

Clinical and molecular characterization of male and female individuals affected with XLRS in a consanguineous family.

Participants

Consanguineous Eastern European‐Australian family

Methods

Four clinically affected and nine unaffected family members were genetically and clinically characterized. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis was conducted by the Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Register and DNA Bank.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical and molecular characterization of the causative mutation in a consanguineous family with XLRS.

Results

By direct sequencing of the RS1 gene, one pathogenic variant, NM_000330.3: c.304C > T, p. R102W, was identified in all clinically diagnosed individuals analysed. The two females were homozygous for the variant, and the males were hemizygous.

Conclusion

Clinical and genetic characterization of affected homozygous females in XLRS affords the rare opportunity to explore the molecular mechanisms of XLRS and the manifestation of these mutations as disease in humans.
Effect of three calcium hydroxide formulations on fracture resistance of dentin over time
Authors: Hawkins Jeremiah James , Torabinejad Mahmoud , Li Yiming , Retamozo Bonnie
Published: April 2015

Background

The long‐term use of calcium hydroxide has been discouraged throughout the recent decade due to a proposed decrease in fracture resistance of dentin. This weakening has grave implications when used on immature teeth with thin dentinal walls in procedures such as apexogenesis.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of three commercial calcium hydroxide formulations (Vitapex, Ultracal XS and Pulpdent) on the fracture resistance of dentin in relation to time.

Materials and Methods

Two‐hundred and forty deciduous lamb incisors were collected, cleaned and shaped, and filled with one of the three calcium hydroxide formulations and one negative saline control. At one, three, and 6 months, these teeth were fractured on an Instron machine to determine fracture resistance.

Results

No statistical differences were observed among any of the experimental groups, nor between any of the experimental groups and negative control groups.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, there appears insufficient evidence to support that either Vitapex, Ultracal XS, or Pulpdent will cause a decrease in fracture resistance of dentin within a 6‐month period.
Dental trauma in association with maxillofacial fractures: an epidemiological study
Authors: Ruslin Muhammad , Wolff Jan , Boffano Paolo , Brand Henk S. , Forouzanfar Tymour
Published: April 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the incidence and associated factors of dental trauma in patients with maxillofacial fractures at the VU Medical Center in Amsterdam.

Material and methods

Data from 707 patients who were treated surgically for maxillofacial fractures were evaluated. The data were collected retrospectively from patient files and other available databases. The data collected included date of fracture, age, gender, type of fracture, and injured teeth.

Result

Of the total 707 patients, 164 patients (23.2%) presented dental injuries associated with facial fractures. Mandibular condylar fractures, mandibular parasymphyseal fractures, Le Fort fractures, and mandibular body fractures were found to be significantly more associated with dental injury. Zygomatic arch or zygomatic complex fractures were significantly less associated with dental injury. Women had a significant higher risk of facial fractures with dental injuries than men. The maxilla demonstrated the highest incidence of injured teeth. The most affected teeth were the maxillary incisors (33.1%), followed by mandible incisors (13.6%), mandible molars (12.8%), and maxillary premolars (12.6%).

Conclusion

Our findings show a higher risk of dental injury among patients with a mandibular condylar fracture and mandibular parasymphyseal fracture but a lower risk of dental injury among patients with a zygomatic arch or zygomatic complex fracture. On average, patients had more than three injured teeth, with most of the injured teeth being in the upper jaw. The maxillary incisors, followed by the mandible incisors, were the most injured teeth.
Combined use of compost and wood scraps to increase carbon stock and improve soil quality in intensive farming systems
Authors: Scotti R. , D'Ascoli R. , Gonzalez Caceres M. , Bonanomi G. , Sultana S. , Cozzolino L. , Scelza R. , Zoina A. , Rao M. A.
Published: April 2015

Intensive agricultural systems negatively affect soil quality principally because of a reduction in soil organic matter (OM). Sustainable practices providing organic amendments could be useful to maintain or increase OM content in agricultural soils, preserving and improving soil fertility. In this study, biomass with a large C:N ratio was applied to intensively farmed agricultural soils to maximize the increase of soil OM and hence chemical and biochemical fertility. In particular, 30 and 60 t ha−1 of two mixtures of compost and scraps from poplar pruning, A1 and A2, with different C:N ratios (15 and 25, respectively), were applied to soils of two farms (F1 and F2) in a Mediterranean area (southern Italy) on an annual basis for two consecutive years. An effective, long‐lasting increase of soil OM, on average of 60 and 55% in F1 and F2 soils, respectively, was reached at the end of the experiment. As well as a progressive increase in the C:N ratio, total N and available P also increased with organic amendments, with positive effects on soil microbial activity as demonstrated by the enhancement of the seven studied enzymatic activities. Principal component analysis demonstrated different responses to various organic amendments between F1 and F2 soils because of their geopedological diversity. The results indicate that the C:N ratio of the mixture is an important factor, but what is the best rate of addition to use is still not obvious. The use of a smaller amount (30 t ha−1) of the A1 mixture (10:1 compost:wood) appears, in these types of soils, to be the most suitable strategy to produce significant benefits.
An improved method for measurement of soil aggregate stability using laser granulometry applied at regional scale
Authors: Rawlins B. G. , Turner G. , Wragg J. , McLachlan P. , Lark R. M.
Published: April 2015

Laboratory‐based aggregate stability (AS) tests should be applied to material wetted to a moisture content comparable with that of a field soil. We have improved our original laser granulometer (LG)‐based AS test published in this journal by including a pre‐wetting stage. Our method estimates disaggregation reduction (DR; µm) for a soil sample (1–2‐mm diameter aggregates). Soils with more stable aggregates have larger DR values. We apply the new technique to soils from 60 cultivated sites across eastern England, with ten samples from each of six different parent material (PM) types encompassing a wide range of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations (1.2–7.0%). There are large differences between the median DR values (rescaled to < 500 µm) for soils over the PM types, which when used as a predictor (in combination with SOC concentration) accounted for 53% of the variation in DR. There was no evidence for including an interaction term between PM class and SOC concentration for the prediction of DR. After applying the aggregate stability tests with the 60 regional soil samples, they were stored for 9 months and the tests were repeated, resulting in a small but statistically significant increase in DR for samples from some, but not all, PM types. We show how a palaeosol excavated from a site in southern England can be used as an aggregate reference material (RM) to monitor the reproducibility of our technique. It has been suggested that soil quality, measured by critical soil physical properties, may decline if the organic carbon concentration is less than a critical threshold. Our results show that, for aggregate stability, any such thresholds are specific to the PM.
Complex elaboration: making sense of meiotic cohesin dynamics
Authors: Rankin Susannah
Published: April 2015

In mitotically dividing cells, the cohesin complex tethers sister chromatids, the products of DNA replication, together from the time they are generated during S phase until anaphase. Cohesion between sister chromatids ensures accurate chromosome segregation, and promotes normal gene regulation and certain kinds of DNA repair. In somatic cells, the core cohesin complex is composed of four subunits: Smc1, Smc3, Rad21 and an SA subunit. During meiotic cell divisions meiosis‐specific isoforms of several of the cohesin subunits are also expressed and incorporated into distinct meiotic cohesin complexes. The relative contributions of these meiosis‐specific forms of cohesin to chromosome dynamics during meiotic progression have not been fully worked out. However, the localization of these proteins during chromosome pairing and synapsis, and their unique loss‐of‐function phenotypes, suggest non‐overlapping roles in controlling meiotic chromosome behavior. Many of the proteins that regulate cohesin function during mitosis also appear to regulate cohesin during meiosis. Here we review how cohesin contributes to meiotic chromosome dynamics, and explore similarities and differences between cohesin regulation during the mitotic cell cycle and meiotic progression. A deeper understanding of the regulation and function of cohesin in meiosis will provide important new insights into how the cohesin complex is able to promote distinct kinds of chromosome interactions under diverse conditions.
An extrapolation method to determine the effective notch stress in welded joints
Authors: Pradana M. R. , Qian X. , Swaddiwudhipong S.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the development of an extrapolation method to estimate the notch stress in welded steel joints, in line with the effective notch stress concept described in the International Institute of Welding guideline. The proposed approach provides a convenient method to determine the local notch stress at the weld toes without the need to model a finite notch radius as required in engineering guidelines, which creates significant modeling challenges in the numerical procedure, especially for 3‐D joints with a complex topology. An experimental study validates the feasibility of this extrapolation method through strain measurements on cruciform joints. The numerical study then investigates two types of welded connections: (1) cruciform joints with full‐penetration welds and (2) tube‐to‐plate joints. The proposed extrapolation method provides accurate effective notch stress estimations on both joint types, compared with the effective notch stress calculated following the mesh requirement in the existing guidelines.
Traditional Yangsaeng oriental health promotion in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shin S. , Kim J.H. , Jung D.
Published: April 2015

Background

A traditional Korean health behavior regimen, ‘Yangsaeng’ is an ancient Chinese concept that incorporates health promoting behaviours.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesized model that identified the effects of activity status, internal health locus of control, and resilience on Yangsaeng among patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Secondary data were utilized in this study. Originally, 543 Korean patients with cardio‐vascular disease were recruited from general hospitals, although only 532 were included in this study. Path analysis was performed using AMOS 17.0.

Results

Resilience was significantly associated with and accounted for 37% of the variance in Yangsaeng. Activity status and internal health locus of control were significantly associated with and accounted for 4% of the variance in resilience.

Limitations

Given the cross‐sectional data used, the sequencing and/or direction of the relationships found remains uncertain. There may be complex interactions that were not considered.

Conclusions

These results suggest that enhancing resilience is essential to foster a health‐promoting lifestyle that helps prevent the recurrence of cardio‐vascular disease.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Nurse development of a Yangsaeng program for patients with cardiovascular disease may be a useful means of enhancing resilience in western as well as eastern cultures. This will help such patients to recognize the health benefits of improving their resilience through heightened activity levels and adopting an internal health locus of control.
Nursing curriculum development in remote southwest Uganda
Authors: Wallace L.R.
Published: April 2015

Purpose/Aim

To describe an intercollaborative outreach between the USA and a school of nursing in Uganda.

Introduction

Ugandan nurses are essential providers of health care in remote regions. High vacancy rates in health centers impacts care in rural areas.

Background

A 112‐bed health center in southwest Uganda supports village health teams that visit remote villages and provides medical, surgical, and maternal‐child services to a population of 250,000. A new Ugandan school of nursing has aligned with the hospital to prepare graduates to provide primary care in remote villages. A team from the USA visited the school and hospital to assess the curriculum and offer educational strategies and support to the school's leadership.

Evidence

Provision of primary health care in the developing world is a longstanding global priority. Nurses are at the center of primary care in remote regions. Educational support for advanced nursing and strategic international relationships can positively impact nursing education in both high and low‐income countries.

Discussion

The USA team took part in assessments, teaching, simulation, and remote village outreach. Educational strategies and modalities were shared.

Conclusions

The Ugandan nursing school is established and affiliated with another Ugandan university. Standardized curriculum is in place, however continued collaboration is needed for program adaptation to accommodate the unique border region environment.

Implications for Health Policy and Nursing

Intercollaborative sharing of information and resources between schools of nursing can have a direct impact on global health initiatives in both high‐income and low‐income countries.
Theory of Sintering in Presence of Pressure and Torque
Authors: Nöthe Michael , Rasp Tobias , Kraft Torsten , Kieback Bernd
Published: April 2015

Experiments like the sintering of single crystal spheres on a single crystal plate, the sintering of particle rows or 2D arrangements of powder particles as well as recent experiments by in‐situ Synchrotron Computer Tomography show movements of entire particles beyond the particle center approach described by the well‐known two particle model. Several attempts exist to describe these cooperative material transport processes by an analytical model of the sintering of two wires by grain‐boundary diffusion. The described mechanisms are either rotations caused by asymmetric sintering necks or the application of a torque or changes of the rate of sintering by a normal stress in the sintering neck. To develop a more comprehensive model of sintering, volume diffusion was included in addition to grain‐boundary diffusion and all driving forces mentioned above are used. As a result, the influence of normal stress, torque, and ratio of the sintering neck curvatures on the stress along the contact grain boundary, the diffusion current and the rate of removal along the sintering neck are shown. The contribution of volume diffusion and grain‐boundary diffusion to sintering was also investigated, confirming that a large sintering neck and high sintering temperatures result in a dominating influence of volume diffusion. The shrinkage rate and the rate of rotation provided by this model were used in a subsequent numerical simulation. For several stages of sintering, the influence of particle radius and sintering temperature on the rolling angle of sintering particles was analyzed in 2D. Furthermore, the impact of external normal stresses on the rolling angle is shown. The simulation model gives a surprising result: The speed of wire rolling shows the same behavior as sintering kinetics—a high speed for small particles, small sintering neck diameter and high temperature, but the cumulated rolling angle for small particles is low compared to that for larger particles. Finally, a new approach for simulating particle rotation and rolling caused by torques due to grain‐boundary anisotropy in 3D is presented, which is based on an existing Discrete Element Method sintering model. This model is applied to a row of particles confirming previous observations from the 2D sintering simulations.
Young women with a disorder of sex development: learning to share information with health professionals, friends and intimate partners about bodily differences and infertility
Authors: Sanders Caroline , Carter Bernie , Lwin Rebekah
Published: April 2015

Aim

To understand the experiences of young women with a disorder of sex development when sharing information about their body with healthcare professionals, friends and intimate partners.

Background

Disorders of sex development are lifelong conditions that create bodily difference such as absence of reproductive organs which can impact on young women's fertility and sexual experiences.

Design

Interpretive phenomenological analysis with thirteen young women (14‐19 years old) with a disorder of sex development.

Methods

The young women chose to participate in either a face‐to‐face semi‐structured interview or to complete a paper diary between 2011–2012.

Results

A superordinate theme focusing on the meaning bodily differences held for these young women is presented through three themes: self‐awareness and communicating this to others; actualizing intimacy; and expressing meaning of altered fertility to self or professionals or partners. During early adolescence, the young women were guarded and reticent about sharing personal information about their disorder of sex development but as they moved towards adulthood, some of the young women learnt to engage in conversations with more confidence. Frustrations about their bodily differences and the limitations of their bodies were talked about as factors which limited physical spontaneity, impacted on their perceived sexual fulfilment and challenged the development or sustainability of close friendships or intimate partnerships. The young women wanted empathic, sensitive support from knowledgeable health professionals to help them understand their bodies.

Conclusion

Attachment and a ‘sense of being’ were the concepts that were closely linked to the young women's development of a secure identity.
Conservation of Ephestia kuehniella eggs as hosts for Trichogramma ostriniae
Authors: St‐Onge M. , Cormier D. , Todorova S. , Lucas É.
Published: April 2015

Mass rearing of numerous biological control agents depends on large amounts of factitious hosts like Ephestia kuehniella eggs. Moreover, production of some parasitoids, such as Trichogramma, requires hosts of high quality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conservation method that allows E. kuehniella eggs to remain suitable for parasitism and development of Trichogramma ostriniae for the longest period of time. Fifteen sterilization–conservation treatments were compared: nine consisting of submersion of the eggs in liquid nitrogen as a conservation mode, two consisting of sterilization of the eggs with UV and four consisting of sterilization with freezing at −15°C. Liquid nitrogen submersion of E. kuehniella eggs did not allow the production of T. ostriniae. The sterilization by exposition to UV light followed by conservation using vacuum packing and refrigeration at 4°C provided the longest conservation of E. kuehniella eggs for T. ostriniae rearing. It was the only treatment (75.4 ± 4.62%) for which the parasitism rate remained over 70% after 2 weeks.
Independent Associations Between Nocturia and Nighttime Blood Pressure/Dipping in Elderly Individuals: The HEIJO‐KYO Cohort
Authors: Obayashi Kenji , Saeki Keigo , Kurumatani Norio
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the association between nocturnal void frequency and ambulatory blood pressure (BP).

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

Nara, Japan.

Participants

Community‐based elderly individuals (mean age 72.1, N = 867).

Measurements

Nocturnal void frequency and ambulatory BP.

Results

Two hundred twenty‐four participants had no nocturnal void, 384 had one nocturnal void, and 259 had two or more nocturnal voids. Univariate comparisons showed that more‐frequent nocturnal voiding was significantly associated with higher nighttime systolic BP (SBP) and lower dipping (nocturnal voids: ≥2, nighttime SBP 121.1 mmHg, dipping 11.8% vs 0, nighttime SBP 111.5 mmHg, dipping 15.8%, P < .001). Multivariate models revealed that two or more nocturnal voids was significantly associated with higher nighttime SBP and lower dipping than no nocturnal voids (adjusted mean difference for nighttime SBP (nocturnal voids ≥2 minus 0): 6.3 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.6 to 10.1 mmHg, P < .001; adjusted mean difference for dipping (nocturnal voids ≥2 minus 0): −2.8%, 95% CI = −4.9% to −0.7%, P = .005) and that the associations were independent of potential confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, antihypertensive use, diabetes mellitus, renal function, asymmetric dimethylarginine, bedtime, length of time in bed, daytime and nighttime physical activity, endogenous melatonin levels, and bedroom light levels. In contrast, one void per night was not significantly associated with nighttime SBP and dipping.

Conclusion

Nocturia is significantly associated with nighttime SBP and dipping in the general elderly population, independent of several confounding factors such as age, sex, metabolic abnormalities, physical activity, and circadian rhythm parameters.
Colon Cancer Screening in U.S. Adults Aged 65 and Older According to Life Expectancy and Age
Authors: Schonberg Mara A. , Breslau Erica S. , Hamel Mary Beth , Bellizzi Keith M. , McCarthy Ellen P.
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To examine receipt of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening according to age and life expectancy (LE) in adults aged 65 and older.

Design

Population‐based survey.

Setting

United States.

Participants

Community dwelling adults aged 65 and older who participated in the 2008 or 2010 National Health Interview Survey (N = 7,747).

Measurements

Receipt of CRC screening (e.g., colonoscopy within 10 years) was examined according to age and LE (≥10 and <10 years), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and survey year. Frequency of CRC screening was also examined according to age and LE at time of screening (e.g., age at colonoscopy rather than at interview). Participants screened when they were aged 75 and older or had less than a 10‐year LE were considered to have received screening inconsistent with guidelines.

Results

Overall, 38.5% of participants had less than a 10‐year LE; 40.2% were aged 75 and older, and 56.3% had received recent CRC screening (90.1% by colonoscopy). CRC screening was higher in 2010 (58.9%) than 2008 (53.7%, P <.001) and was associated with longer LE and younger age, although 51.1% of adults aged 75 and older reported receiving CRC screening, as did 50.9% of adults with less than a 10‐year LE. Based on age and LE at time of screening (rather than at interview), 28.4% of CRC screening of adults aged 65 and older was targeted to those aged 75 and older and those with less than a 10‐year LE. Of adults aged 65 to 75 with a 10‐year LE or more (adults recommended for screening by guidelines), 39.2% had not recently been screened.

Conclusion

Older adults with little chance of benefit because of limited LE commonly undergo CRC screening, whereas many adults aged 65 to 75 with a 10‐year LE or greater are not screened.
Derivation and Validation of the Detection of Indicators and Vulnerabilities for Emergency Room Trips Scale for Classifying the Risk of Emergency Department Use in Frail Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Costa Andrew P. , Hirdes John P. , Bell Chaim M. , Bronskill Susan E. , Heckman George A. , Mitchell Lori , Poss Jeffery W. , Sinha Samir K. , Stolee Paul
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To develop and validate a prognostic case finding tool that classifies the risk of emergency department (ED) use in an older home care population.

Design

Population‐based retrospective cohort study using routinely collected data from home care clinical assessments linked prospectively to ED records.

Setting

Ontario and the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Canada.

Participants

Older adults living at home and expected to receive in‐home services for at least 60 days (N = 361,942).

Measurements

One or more ED visits within 6 months after an in‐home clinical assessment was used as the main dependent measure. Ninety‐five person‐level risk measures from a clinical assessment instrument were selected as potential independent variables. The Detection of Indicators and Vulnerabilities for Emergency Room Trips (DIVERT) Scale was derived using recursive partitioning analyses informed by a multinational clinical panel.

Results

Overall, 41.2% had one or more ED visits within 6 months of their in‐home assessment. Previous ED use and cardiorespiratory symptoms, cardiac conditions, and specific geriatric syndromes were predictors within the six‐level DIVERT Scale. The scale provided adequate risk differentiation for case finding, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.62 (95% confidence interval = 0.61–0.62) and distinct risk gradients between risk scores. The multilevel validation demonstrated consistent performance across geographic and participant clusters.

Conclusion

The DIVERT Scale is a valid case‐finding tool for ED use in older home care clients. It may be suitable for preemptively and systematically risk‐stratifying individuals or groups for additional assessment, case management, and preventative interventions. It may also be suitable for the stratification and adjustment of performance metrics.
Interactive Voice Response Version of the Late‐Life Function and Disability Instrument
Authors: Chang Feng‐Hang , Latham Nancy K. , Friedman Robert H. , Jette Alan M.
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To develop an interactive voice response (IVR) version of the Late‐Life Function and Disability Instrument Computer Adaptive Test (LLFDI‐CAT) and to evaluate its reliability and acceptability in older adults.

Design

The IVR system was embedded within the LLFDI‐CAT program. To test the test–retest reliability and concordance of the IVR version of LLFDI‐CAT with the telephone interviewer form (TIF), participants received the two versions of the LLFDI at baseline and at 1‐week follow‐up.

Setting

Community.

Participants

Community‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older (N = 50).

Measurements

The LLFDI is a self‐reported outcome measure developed to assess function and disability in older adults.

Results

The IVR version of the LLFDI‐CAT showed acceptable overall test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.79–0.80) and concordance (ICC = 0.74–0.97) with the TIF. Although most participants preferred the TIF, the majority did not find the IVR version more difficult to use.

Conclusion

The IVR version of the LLFDI‐CAT achieved reliability levels that were comparable with those of the TIF version. Future work is needed to improve the IVR design to better fit older adults’ needs and preferences.
Predicting 5‐ and 10‐Year Survival in Older Women with Early‐Stage Breast Cancer: Self‐Rated Health and Walking Ability
Authors: Eng Jessica A. , Clough‐Gorr Kerri , Cabral Howard J. , Silliman Rebecca A.
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To determine life expectancy for older women with breast cancer.

Design

Prospective longitudinal study with 10 years of follow‐up data.

Setting

Hospitals or collaborating tumor registries in four geographic regions (Los Angeles, California; Minnesota; North Carolina; Rhode Island).

Participants

Women aged 65 and older at time of breast cancer diagnosis with Stage I to IIIA disease with measures of self‐rated health (SRH) and walking ability at baseline (N = 615; 17% aged ≥80, 52% Stage I, 58% with ≥2 comorbidities).

Measurements

Baseline SRH, baseline self‐reported walking ability, all‐cause and breast cancer–specific estimated probability of 5‐ and 10‐year survival.

Results

At the time of breast cancer diagnosis, 39% of women reported poor SRH, and 28% reported limited ability to walk several blocks. The all‐cause survival curves appear to separate after approximately 3 years, and the difference in survival probability between those with low SRH and limited walking ability and those with high SRH and no walking ability limitation was significant (0.708 vs 0.855 at 5 years, P ≤ .001; 0.300 vs 0.648 at 10 years, P < .001). There were no differences between the groups in breast cancer–specific survival at 5 and 10 years (P = .66 at 5 years, P = .16 at 10 years).

Conclusion

The combination of low SRH and limited ability to walk several blocks at diagnosis is an important predictor of worse all‐cause survival at 5 and 10 years. These self‐report measures easily assessed in clinical practice may be an effective strategy to improve treatment decision‐making in older adults with cancer.
Pain Management in Nursing Home Residents with Cancer
Authors: Pimentel Camilla B. , Briesacher Becky A. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Rosen Allison B. , Pimentel Marc T. , Lapane Kate L.
Published: April 2015

Objectives

To assess improvements in pain management of nursing home (NH) residents with cancer since the implementation of pain management quality indicators.

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

One thousand three hundred eighty‐two U.S. NHs (N = 1,382).

Participants

Newly admitted, Medicare‐eligible NH residents with cancer (N = 8,094).

Measurements

Nationwide data on NH resident health from Minimum Data Set 2.0 linked to all‐payer pharmacy dispensing records (February 2006–June 2007) were used to determine prevalence of pain, including frequency and intensity, and receipt of nonopioid and opioid analgesics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate resident‐level correlates of pain and binomial logistic regression to identify correlates of untreated pain.

Results

More than 65% of NH residents with cancer had any pain (28.3% daily, 37.3% <daily), 13.5% of whom had severe and 61.3% had moderate pain. Women; residents admitted from acute care or who were bedfast; and those with compromised activities of daily living, depressed mood, an indwelling catheter, or a terminal prognosis were more likely to have pain. More than 17% of residents in daily pain (95% confidence interval (CI) = 16.0–19.1%) received no analgesics, including 11.7% with daily severe pain (95% CI = 8.9–14.5%) and 16.9% with daily moderate pain (95% CI = 15.1–18.8%). Treatment was negatively associated with age of 85 and older (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.55–0.81 vs aged 65–74), cognitive impairment (aOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.61–0.82), presence of feeding tube (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60–0.99), and restraints (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.31–0.82).

Conclusion

Untreated pain is still common in NH residents with cancer and persists despite pain management quality indicators.