bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effect of General Self-efficacy on Academic Achievement Using Path Analysis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Bouih Abdelouahed , Nadif Bendaoud , Benattabou Driss
Published: April 2021

Although self-efficacy is a construct born originally out of and into the field of psychology, its importance and relevance extend de facto outside its original field of research to span multiple closely related disciplines including, but in no way limited to, applied linguistics and educational psychology mainly for its demonstrably strong association to a vast range of language-related educational phenomena. In the present study, we set out to examine, by means of the Spearman correlational test and through the construction of a direct effect model, the relationship between general self-efficacy beliefs and academic achievement. For this, we used responses of one hundred and thirty-eight (N = 138) EFL students of undergraduate and graduate levels from numerous universities across different regions in Morocco. Findings show a very moderate significant correlation between self-efficacy and academic achievement as measured by GPA. Further, a constructed direct-effect path model showed a significant positive impact of self-efficacy on academic achievement, substantiating further the existing link between the two constructs. In addition, a gender-based comparison in terms of self-efficacy using an independent sample t-test revealed that females reported higher self-efficacy beliefs than their male counterparts. Finally, we conclude with a summary of the study and some recommendations for future research.
Investigating The Relationship Between Level of Income, Method of Contribution and Appointment of Islamic Waqf Bank as an Agent in Collecting Waqf Fund
Authors: Ab. Aziz Muhammad Ridhwan , Johari Fuadah , Sabri Hisham
Published: April 2021

Cash waqf is a trust fund established in cash for mankind’s benefits in the name of Allah. The gifted capital was “transferred” to borrowers for certain period, which was then spent for all sorts of pious and social purposes including for the investment objectives. It is recognized that there is no ample study in the area of cash waqf especially for managing the waqf fund. Therefore, the research on the management of cash waqf fund is essential in order for the fund to be used efficiently. The objective of this article is to investigate the relationship between level of income and contribution method of cash waqf fund in Islamic waqf bank as well as the appointment of Islamic waqf bank as an agent in collecting the fund. This research employs quantitative analysis on 231 respondents among Muslim public in this country. The finding of this article shows that, with the proper contribution method and the appointment of Islamic waqf bank an agent in collecting the cash waqf fund, there is a strong tendency that the Islamic waqf bank’s operation will be run effectively.
Terjemahan Makna Kalimah Al-Muzn Dan Yasbahun: Satu Penilaian Semula Berdasarkan Kaedah Tafsir Ilmi
Authors: Ahmad Hilmi Ahmad Bazli , Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli , Amir Selamat
Published: April 2021

Some of the problems found in the translation of the meaning of the Holy Qur’an cause a word or verse of Qur’an to not be translated accurately. The major factor contributing to the problem is the limited skills in the fields related to the Qur’an. Therefore revaluation of the existing translations of the Qur’an become a necessity in view of the Qur’an is a miracle that lasted until the end of time. This study aims to review the translation of the meaning of the words Al-Muzn dan yasbahun based on the scientific exegesis. Using library research methodology, the study was conducted by analyzing the translation of the meaning of the Holy Qur’an (Tafsir Pimpinan ar-Rahman dan Terjemahan al-Hidayah al-Quran al-Karim) regarding the creation of the sky focused on rainfall and the movement of objects in the sky by scientific exegesis. Analysis of the samples showed that the existing translations of the Qur’an didn’t make difference for some words related to the rainfall and make exegesis for word yasbahun related to movement of objects in the sky. Results showed that the value addition is applied to the existing translations of the meaning of Qur’anic verses related to the creation of the sky; the specialization of the general translation of the meaning of the word Al-Muzn and the use of the translation of the original meaning for the word yasbahun without exegesis in the sky creation.
Abstrak
Beberapa permasalahan yang terdapat dalam penterjemahan makna al-Quran menyebabkan sesuatu perkataan atau ayat al-Quran tidak diterjemahkan dengan tepat. Faktor utama yang menyumbang kepada permasalahan tersebut ialah terbatasnya kemahiran dalam ilmu-ilmu yang berkaitan dengan al-Quran. Oleh yang demikian penilaian semula terjemahan al-Quran sedia ada adalah satu keperluan memandangkan al-Quran merupakan mukjizat yang kekal hingga ke akhir zaman. Kajian bertujuan menyemak kembali terjemahan al-Quran Bahasa Melayu sedia ada yang memfokuskan terjemahan makna kalimah al-muzn dan yasbahun seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan kemajuan teknologi dewasa ini. Kajian yang menggunakan metodologi penyelidikan perpustakaan ini dijalankan dengan menganalisis terjemahan makna ayat Al-Quran (Tafsir Pimpinan ar-Rahman dan Terjemahan al-Hidayah al-Quran al-Karim) berkaitan penciptaan langit yang memfokuskan kejadian hujan dan pergerakan objek di langit berdasarkan kaedah tafsir ‘ilmi. Analisis terhadap sampel kajian menunjukkan terjemahan al-Quran sedia ada tidak memberikan perbezaan terhadap beberapa kalimah berkaitan kejadian hujan dan mentakwilkan kalimah yasbahun bagi pergerakan objek di langit. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat penambahan nilai diterapkan kepada terjemahan makna ayat al-Quran sedia ada berkaitan penciptaan langit; pengkhususan terjemahan makna yang umum bagi kalimah al-muzn dan penggunaan terjemahan makna asal bagi kalimah yasbahun tanpa takwil.
Religious Pluralism and International Sufi Movement : An Analysis of Inayat Khan’s (1882-1927) Mystical Thoughts
Authors: Abdul Muthaliff Mohamed Mihlar
Published: April 2021

The article presents an introduction to the evolution of the perennial and ideological encounter between Inayat Khan’s (1882-1927) International Sufi Movement and the diversity of religious belief systems. It analyses the teachings and thoughts of Inayatian Sufi Movement which claim that all religions are equally true, or that one religion can be true for some and another for others. It begins with an introduction of Inayat Khan and his mystical message and then, explicates his religious and philosophical thoughts that include unity of religious ideals. Finally the paper concludes with a reflection on the key aspects of Inayatian Sufi order and their policy of Religious Pluralism in view of Islam.
Kesan Pembelajaran Koperatif Dan Tradisional Terhadap Pencapaian Akademik Penguasaan Kemahiran Jawi
Authors: Osman Rafisah , Md Jaafar Fauziah , Saidin Khaliza , Abdan Nurhafizah
Published: April 2021

Jawi is an element that has been taught in national schools since the introduction of j-QAF program in the National education system. The curriculum was introduced to inculcate interest in learning the Jawi script among the students and thereby mastering the reading and writing skills of Jawi. However, until now some students are unable to master Jawi. The statistics of the achievement for the first cohort of the j-QAF programme released by the Curriculum Development Department of the Malaysian Education Ministry in 2005, showed that the achievement was inconsistent. Thus, the purpose of this research is to see how far cooperative and traditional learning affect the students’ achievement level in Jawi. The quasi-experimental method used in this research involved two groups of students -- the experimental group (Cooperative Method) and the controlled group (Traditional Method) who had undergone the pre-test and the post-test. The result shows that the cooperative method is more effective. It is hoped that this research can inspire the teachers involved in implementing this cooperative method in their teaching. Furthermore, the result of this research can also be a guideline to the ministry in formulating a better and effective cooperative teaching and cooperative learning module for Jawi.

ABSTRAK

Jawi merupakan salah satu elemen yang difokuskan di sekolahsekolah kebangsaan sejak program j-QAF diperkenalkan dalam sistem pendidikan negara. Program ini diwujudkan supaya dapat menanam minat mempelajari penguasaan tulisan jawi dalam kalangan pelajar sekaligus dapat menguasai kemahiran membaca dan menulis dengan mudah. Namun dalam tempoh ini, para pelajar masih tidak dapat menguasai Jawi. Berdasarkan statistik pencapaian penguasaan Jawi program j-QAF kohort pertama, 2005 yang dikeluarkan oleh bahagian pembangunan kurikulum, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM) menunjukkan pencapaian yang tidak konsisten. Bagi tujuan ini, kajian dijalankan untuk melihat sejauh mana pembelajaran koperatif dan juga tradisional berkesan dalam meningkatkan pencapaian Jawi. Kaedah kajian menggunakan kaedah kuasi eksperimental di mana dua kumpulan pelajar yang terdiri daripada kumpulan eksperimen (Kaedah Koperatif) dan juga kawalan (Kaedah tradisional) yang menjalani ujian pra dan dan ujian post. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kaedah koperatif lebih berkesan ke atas pencapaian Jawi. Implikasi kajian ini diharapakan dapat memberi inspirasi kepada guru-guru yang terlibat dalam melaksanakan kaedah koperatif dalam pengajaran mereka . Di samping itu, hasil kajian juga dapat memberi garis panduan pada pada pihak kementerian untuk merangka satu modul pengajaran dan pembelajaran koperatif dengan lebih baik dan berkesan.
Keterbatasan Fahaman Fungsi Huruf Ya’ Dalam Nahu Arab
Authors: Abidin Zauwiah , Muhammad Azhar
Published: April 2021

The letter Yā’  (ي)is one of the basic letters in the Arabic language that possesses multiple functions.   However, majority of the students’ understanding is more focused on only one of its functions, that is as a ضمير (pronoun) attributing it to أنا ) which means I. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the level of the students’ skills in distinguishing the various functions of Yā’, to identify the appropriate usage of Yā’ in a sentence structure as well as to analyse the students’ ability to relate Yā’s function to i’rab. The results of this research can help the teachers to draft, diversify and to improve the teachings of the Arabic Language specifically in the Arabic Syntax. By using the qualitative method consisting of written tests and interviews on eight respondents from Alsagoff Arab School, ranging from primary five to secondary three, this study was conducted based on the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Theory. The outcome of the study showed that the understanding of ضمير (pronoun) attributing it to أنا ) which means I, was more dominant than the others. The limitations occurred because the students’ cognitive skills were only at the level of remembering and understanding. In conclusion, the students’ limitations in understanding the usage of letter Yā’ were due to their incompetence in applying and analyzing previous learnt information.   As a result they were unable to assess the differences of the multiple functions of the letter Yā’.

Abstrak

 Huruf Yā’ merupakan salah satu huruf hijaiyyah yang mempunyai pelbagai fungsi dalam nahu Arab. Namun, pemahaman majoriti pelajar lebih tertumpu pada satu fungsi iaitu sebagai ضمير (kata ganti nama) أنا yang bermaksud ‘saya’. Justeru, Objektif kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap kemahiran pelajar dalam membezakan fungsi Yā’, mengenal pasti ketepatan penggunaan Yā’ dalam struktur ayat, serta menganalisis kemampuan pelajar menghubungjalin fungsi huruf Yā’ dengan i’rab. Hasil dari kajian ini boleh membantu para pengajar merangka, mempelbagaikan dan menambahbaik pengajaran bahasa Arab khususnya bagi subjek nahu. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan ujian bertulis dan temu bual terhadap lapan orang responden bermula dari darjah enam hingga tingkatan tiga di Madrasah Alsagoff Al-Arabiah, kajian ini dijalankan dengan berpandukan kerangka teori revisi Taksonomi Bloom. Hasilnya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan pemahaman ضمير (kata ganti nama) kepada أنا yang bermaksud ‘saya’ lebih dominan dari yang lain. Keterbatasan ini berlaku kerana pelajar menggunakan aspek kognitif mereka pada tahap mengingat dan memahami. Kesimpulannya, keterbatasan pelajar dalam fahaman fungsi huruf Ya’ berpunca pada kelemahan mereka yang tidak mengaplikasi dan menganalisis sesuatu maklumat yang diterima terlebih dahulu. Akibatnya mereka tidak mampu menilai perbezaan fungsi kepelbagaian huruf Yā’ dalam nahu Arab.
Arabic as a Second Language Listening Comprehension: Instruction and Assessment
Authors: Mohd Sidek Harison , Mikail Ibrahim
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present some instructional ideas for listening comprehension in Arabic as a second language (ASL) and their alignment with listening assessment. Among the suggestions are using spoken texts as instructional input, introducing the micro- and macro markers and providing students with authentic listening texts. In addition, the paper also highlights the importance of awareness-raising on the differences between spoken and written language among ASL learners. To expand the extant of the scope of possible instructional ideas for ASL listening, the discussion on pre-teaching of listening input and its connection to learners’ schemata is also included. To consolidate the discussion on instructional ideas, communicative reciprocal listening instruction is recommended for ASL listening instruction. Apart from instructional ideas, suggestions on how to develop a ‘considerate’ ASL listening assessment that is in alignment with classroom instruction are also presented in this paper.
Pertubuhan Jamaah Islah Malaysia and Good Governance (1991-2012)
Authors: Malik Maszlee
Published: April 2021

‘Good governance’ agenda promoted by international institutions and other aid agencies as part of the globalisation phenomenon, proposes amongst others, the active role of a civil society as part of the process towards development. The effective functioning of a civil society is believed to facilitate the achievement of ‘good’ governance. Currently, the dynamism of global civil society movements has shifted to a new dimension to incorporate culture and faiths into the discourse on development, economy, politics and governance in a more progressive approach. Faith and religion, in tandem, have been identified empirically as another motivator for the civil society activism, hence, its distinctive role in development and good governance. Such phenomenon has been addressed in the many circles of academia. This paper will try to explore the role of faith in mobilizing civil society towards the achievement of what is known as ‘good governance’ in Malaysia by looking into Pertubuhan Jamaah Islah Malaysia (JIM) as its case study.
The Information Security in Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Harbi Ibrahim Sulaiman
Published: April 2021

The information security in our time is the fundamental national security substrate, especially with the need for modern electronic services in various fields, however, the need for a protection of her which is called information security is considered most important topic. This research is contribution as a statement of information security and its relationship to national security, explanation of the basic elements of information security and its threats, analyses the prevention of information security crimes by a statement varieties of information security criminals and then release the protection of information security in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researcher has used the descriptive study by following the analytical method by collecting information on each topic and related law then analyzed them. The research has divided into four chapters: the first chapter which is the subject of research, and the second chapter is the concept of information security and its relationship to national security, the third chapter which the basic elements of information security and its threats, the fourth chapter is the prevention of information security crimes، then the results of the study and recommendations.
Fatwa Analysis on Bone China Products and Its Halal Solution
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Mahyeddin , Mohd Subri Irwan
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the use of animal bones in bone China products from halal and haram perspective. The main problem of the study due to the public confusion as a result of the difference views on halal and haram status of bone China products. The objectives of the study are to analyze the Shariah’s view and current fatwa on the law of utilizing animal bones, thus proposing a halal legal solution to the issue studied. The qualitative research methodology was used in this study through two approaches which are document analysis and interview. The study found that the cattle bones were the raw ingredients used by most of the bone China’s manufacturers. The analysis of fuqaha views found that only halal animal bones which has been slaughtered according to Shariah law were agreed to be halal (permissible), while pork bones was agreed to be haram (prohibited). However, there are disagreements among Islamic scholars for the bones of carcasses other than pigs. This arising from their difference interpretation on Shariah's arguments comprising the Qur'an, hadith, qiyās and maslahah. In the case of using animal bones in bone China products, the fatwa that permitted its use is found to be stronger, provided that it is not susceptible to pigs, based on the theory of transformation through burning (istiḥālah bi al-iḥrāq). However, among halal alternatives to bone China are clay and melamine-based products which are found to be stronger and cheaper than bone China.
Aspek Pemikiran Dan Metodologi Penyampaian Al-Marbawi Dan Mustafa Abdul Rahman: Perbandingan Dalam Pentafsiran Surah Yasin
Authors: Ahmad Hilmi Ahmad Bazli , Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli , Amir Selamat , Zakaria Zulkarnin , Spawi Mahiz
Published: April 2021

The Quranic exegesis in Malaysia has always been strongly influenced by Malay religious teachers from various educational institutions and each of them is subscribing to their preferred method of interpretation. The achievement of previous Muslim scholars can be witnessed from the publication of a large number of books on exegesis. This paper analysed the comparison of thoughts and methodology of presentation of Muhammad Idris Al-Marbawi and Mustafa Abdul Rahman found in their works. The focus of study was on the exegesis of surah Yaseen by both scholars. Through text analysis, both aspects were scrutinised and compared in their work. Results found that the ideas of Al-Marbawi were universal and integral in character; his exegesis was full of discussion that covered wide range of aspects and knowledge. Mustafa Abdul Rahman’s ideas were contradicting Al-Marbawi's; his exegesis was fundamental in nature and he covered the basic knowledge on the verses. From presentation methodology, Al-Marbawi's was organised in unique approach and systematic arrangement, while Mustafa Abdul Rahman’s resorted to easy-to-understand language and discussion approach common to readers.

Abstrak

Perkembangan bidang tafsir di Malaysia diperangaruhi oleh tokoh ulama Melayu daripada pelbagai institusi pendidikan dan setiap daripada mereka mempunyai metode pengajian tafsir yang tersendiri. Keunggulan ilmu tokoh ulama terdahulu dapat dilihat melalui penghasilan kitab-kitab tafsir. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan aspek pemikiran dan metode penyampaian Muhammad Idris Al-Marbawi dan Mustafa Abdul Rahman dalam karya masing-masing. Fokus kajian ini adalah kepada tafsiran surah Yasin kedua-dua tokoh. Melalui pendekatan kajian perpustakaan, penulis berusaha meneliti dua aspek tersebut dalam karya setiap tokoh dan kemudian membanding antara keduanya. Hasil kajian mendapati pemikiran Al-Marbawi bersifat universal dan integral; pentafsiran beliau sarat dengan perbincangan merangkumi dan merentasi pelbagai bidang ilmu dan aspek. Pemikiran Mustafa Abdul Rahman pula lebih bersifat kontradik dengan Al-Marbawi; pentafsiran beliau mendasar dan merangkumi pengetahuan umum berkenaan ayat. Dari segi metodologi penyampaian Al-Marbawi diwarnai dengan pelbagai pendekatan unik dan susun atur kitab yang sistematik, sementara Mustafa Abdul Rahman menggunakan pendekatan syarahan dengan gaya bahasa yang mudah difahami pembaca.
Comparison Of Fatty Acid Compositions In Different Goat Breeds: A Study In Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors: Hakim Zamani , Amuje@Asmuji Nur Fazidah , Mohd Siti Munirah , Nurdalila A’wani Aziz
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of goat breeds (Saanen, Jamnapari and Boer) on the biological quality of milk in Malaysia and to compare the chemical composition of SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs concentration of milk across the three breeds. Nine milk samples were collected from three different breeds of goats namely Saanen, Jamnapari and Boer. All samples were taken in triplicate and analysed for fatty acid composition of the milk using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to the GC-MS results, 13 fatty acids were identified and expressed relatively in the percentage of peak areas (%) and evaluated in three types of fatty acid groups, which are saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The total of SFA varies from 57.48% to 66.10% and is the most abundant fatty acid group in each of the samples. In addition, the total of MUFA was also found ranging from 22.07% to 39.06%, while the total of PUFA is from 0% to 4.06%. 13-octadecenoic acid was detected as the highest concentration for each of the Saanen and Jamnapari breed samples, and hexadecanoic acid for the Boer breed samples. These results have confirmed that each individual species have their own unique fatty acid composition that can contribute as part of complete nutrition for the well-being of the ummah.
Analisis Penggunaan Tulang Haiwan Dalam Produk Penapis Air Dari Perspektif Halal: Kajian Di Hijrah Water Sdn. Bhd.
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Mahyeddin , Mohd Subri Irwan , Deuraseh Nurdeng , Ab. Rahman Suhaimi , Mustafa Shuhaimi Mustafa , Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat
Published: April 2021

Tulang haiwan adalah antara bahan penting yang digunakan sebagai karbon aktif bagi menapis kotoran air, dan dijadikan bio seramik bagi membekalkan kalsium pada air.  Kebanyakan tulang dalam industri diperolehi dari sumber yang haram atau diragui status halalnya. Justeru, objektif kajian ini menganalisis penggunaan tulang haiwan dalam produk penapis air menurut pandangan syarak. Metodologi kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif berdasarkan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan temubual. Pengkaji memilih Syarikat Hijrah Water Sdn. Bhd. sebagai lokasi kajian atas kapasiti syarikat sebagai peneraju penapis air halal di Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa produk penapis air daripada sumber tulang khinzir dan haiwan yang tidak disembelih adalah haram kerana kaedah istihalah didapati tidak berlaku secara sempurna, berdasarkan mazhab Shafi’i. Sebagai alternatif kepada tulang haiwan, bahan-bahan daripada sumber semulajadi seperti tempurung kelapa, buluh, cengkerang laut dan sisik ikan tilapia boleh digunakan sebagai media penapis air kerana ia dijamin halal. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan ke atas syarikat-syarikat lain yang menggunakan bahan-bahan halal bagi menggantikan penggunaan tulang haiwan dalam penapis air.
Development of a Daylight Simulation Software for Early Design Stage: A Case Study of a Container House
Authors: Karadag Ilker , Keskin Zeynep
Published: April 2021

Daylight simulation software play a significant role in decision-making during the architectural design process. These software enable architects to make informed decisions about daylight performance in the early phases of the project. Radiance as a simulation engine provides a physically accurate model of the lighting conditions in the scene, thus capable of achieving a high degree of accuracy and validity. However, with a command line interface, it requires a large number of input parameters, which complicates modelling and restricts flexibility. When integrated in the early design process, this approach becomes less efficient, or requires enormous computation time. This paper introduces a daylight simulation software named DaylightX that uses the backward raytracing algorithm implemented on the GPU to calculate the spatial distribution of daylight across the space. The tool aims to enhance the capabilities of the simulation environments through a user-friendly interface and thus allow for flexibility in the design process. An individual residential unit - a shipping container - was used as a base case for evaluation. The modular design of shipping containers allows for flexibility in window placement and orientation, but requires careful design and implementation from daylight performance perspective. The results of the study can serve to improve the daylight performance of container housing units.
THE LABORATORY WORK STYLE’S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION
Authors: Andersson Jan , Enghag Margareta
Published: April 2021

More knowledge of how the actual design of the laboratory work influence students’ communication, is needed to design and implement physics laboratory work lessons. The aim with this quantitative research, conducted at a Swedish upper secondary school, was to explore how the design of the laboratory work affects students’ communication. Twenty students divided into five groups participated in this natural case study and were video recorded while performing four practical tasks with the theme uniformly accelerated motion, designed by their teacher. The four workstations were categorised based on three predefined descriptors: outcome, approach and procedure. Students’ work at each workstation was coded according to five defined activities: planning, preparing equipment, collecting data, processing data and analysis of results. The activities were thereafter divided into shorter episodes that were coded for three different types of communication: disputational talk, cumulative talk and exploratory talk. The result shows that the amount of exploratory talk students engaged in are influenced by the style of the laboratory work and the character of the activity. Based on these research results, teachers can better accustom the laboratory work to facilitate fruitful physics discussions which endorse students’ learning. Keywords: different styles of laboratory work, different types of talk, quantitative analysis of students’ communication.
Запобігання пенітенціарній злочинності в Україні
Authors: Христич І. П. , Мудряк Т. О.
Published: April 2021

У статті йдеться про забезпечення права на захист від злочинності, що є метою всіх складових кримінологічної системи держави, зокрема інституту покарання загалом. Вказується, що у ст. 58 Мінімальних стандартних правил ООН поводження з в’язнями зазначається, що метою і обґрунтованістю вироку до тюремного ув’язнення або взагалі до позбавлення волі є захист суспільства і запобігання злочинам. Зазначається, що система виконання покарань покликана забезпечити запобігання злочинам та захист суспільства від кримінальної загрози. Вказується, що в цьому розумінні пенітенціарна злочинність є найбільш небезпечною частиною злочинності, являючи собою інструмент закріплення кримінальної моделі поведінки. На системному рівні її існування закономірності та тенденції розвитку, пов’язані з проблемами кримінального права, кримінології, кримінально-виконавчого права, свідчать про неефективність функціонування установ виконання покарань та діяльності їх посадових осіб.
Vertical Transmission of COVID-19: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Thapa Bibechan , Acharya Sharda , Karki Shreyasi
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will continue affecting pregnant women with possibility of vertical transmissions. However, knowledge and evidences regarding vertical transmission of COVID-19 are just emerging. This information is very crucial in the obstetrical care of COVID-19 infected women as well as in the care of newborn born to COVID-19 positive mothers. We report a case of vertical transmission in a neonate born to asymptomatic COVID-19 infected mother. Newborn was immediately shifted to isolation nursery and formula feed was started. The nasopharyngeal swab of newborn taken at 42 hours of life tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Therefore the vertical transmission in COVID-19 is possible. Despite this, the neonatal outcome is good. Keywords: Duodenal atresia; flip flop circulation; neonates; persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
EXAMINATION OF NURSING STUDENTS' ACCEPTANCE LEVELS FOR AESTHETIC SURGERY AND AFFECTING FACTORS
Authors: BAKSİ Altun , TUNCER Nihal
Published: April 2021

As a result of the rise of socioeconomic levels and globalization in the 21st century, aesthetic appearance has become more prominent, and the aesthetic/cosmetic sector has made great progress. Nursing education and practice are constantly evolving to meet the needs of the current community. The aim of this research is to examine the acceptance level of nursing students for aesthetic/cosmetic surgery and the affecting factors. This research is of descriptive type. It was conducted in the nursing department of a university in western Turkey (n:179). Permission was obtained from authors who made the adaptation of the scale used in this research, ethics board, institution, and students. The research data were collected using the introductory information form and Cosmetic Surgery Acceptance Scale (CSAS). Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation analysis, t test, Mann Whitney u test, one-way Anova and Kruskal Wallis test were used to evaluate the data. 84.9% of nursing students were women, 58.1% had income equal to expenses, 23.5% had a father with undergraduate or higher degree, and 49.2% lived in the city center before enrolling in university. 2.8% of students had previous experience of aesthetic surgery, 29.1% had a friend/family member undergoing aesthetic surgery earlier, 44.7% stated that those who underwent aesthetic surgery were stigmatized by the community, 48.6% stated that aesthetic surgery was not risky compared to other surgical procedures, 55.3% stated that they wanted awareness training about aesthetic surgery, and 47.5% stated that individuals underwent aesthetic surgery to become more beautiful. The mean CSAS score of nursing students was 56.11±21.80 (16.00-105.00). When looking at the characteristics that may affect acceptance levels of the students for aesthetic surgery, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of having a father with undergraduate degree or higher education, living in the city center before enrollment at university, having a friend/family member with previous aesthetic surgery, not seeing aesthetic surgery procedures as more risky compared to surgical procedures and seeking awareness training related to aesthetic surgery. Aesthetic surgery acceptance level of nursing students was found to be moderate. The interaction of demographic and socio-cultural factors plays a role in accepting aesthetic surgery.
Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Pemahaman Antara Teks dan Realitas dalam Membumikan Al-Qur’an
Authors: Kaltsum Lilik Ummi
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the interpretation of the Qur’an in which the existence of the text cannot be separated from the conditions of reality. A text is very much influenced by the historicity and subjectivity surrounding it. The character and style of a text will always describe and reflect the cultural structure and mindset in which the text is formed. Likewise with the al-Qur’an, the socio-cultural conditions of the Arab community or the cultural framework of the Arab nation at that time had a lot of influence on the formation of the al-Qur'an text. The event of revelation as the starting point for the birth of the Qur’an is the key word to state that when this divine revelation was revealed to humans using the language of a certain people, namely Arabic, it indicates its historical nature. Each verse that came down was not understood as separate sentences, but were related to daily realities. The problems that arise are more caused by the clash of values ​​brought by the Qur’an with the values ​​of ancestral heritage which are deeply rooted and integrated into the life of the Arab nation. Therefore, this article tries to explore the understanding of the existence of relativity and tentativity in the interpretive field, including the interpretation of the Koran. Thus, there is no claim of truth in the world of interpretation, including the interpretation of the Qur’an by anyone, anywhere and anytime.
Uang Elektronik, Uang Digital (Cryptocurrency) Dan Fatwa Dsn-Mui No.116 Tentang Uang Elektronik
Authors: Mulvi Aulia
Published: April 2021

Seiring perkembangan zaman yang berdampak pada perkembangan teknologi di mana dunia saat ini sudah mengenal apa yang disebut internet, sistem pembayaran pun menemukan arah baru. Ada yang menginginkan digitalisasi sistem pembayaran namun tetap menggunakan instrumen konvensional,  maka muncullah uang elektronik.   Namun ada juga yang menginginkan digitalisasi sistem pembayaran dengan menggunakan instrumen digital juga, maka muncullah uang digital atau  dikenal dengan cryptocurrency. Di Indonesia otoritas keuangan Sentral baru menerbitkan izin untuk uang elektronik begitu juga dengan Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia yang mengeluarkan fatwa tentang kebolehan uang elektronik. Pada kenyataannya masyarakat Indonesia selain telah menggunakan uang elektronik mereka juga telah menggunakan uang digital.
Influence of melatonin pre-treatment and preconditioning by hypobaric hypoxia on the development of cortical photothrombotic ischemic lesion
Authors: Matějovská I , Bernášková K , Krýsl D , Mareš J
Published: April 2021

Photothrombotic model of ischemia (PT) is based on free radicalmediated endothelial dysfunction followed by thrombosis. Free
radicals are also involved in hypoxic preconditioning. We tested
the sensitivity of PT to preconditioning with hypobaric hypoxia
and to pretreatment with melatonin. In adult Wistar rats, after
intravenous application of Rose Bengal, a stereo-tactically defined
spot on the denuded skull was irradiated by a laser for 9 min.
The first experimental group underwent hypobaric hypoxia three
days before irradiation. In the second experimental group,
melatonin was applied intraperitoneally one hour before
irradiation. Three days after irradiation, animals were sacrificed,
the brains perfused, and stained with TTC. Ischemic lesions were
divided into grades (I, II, III). In the control group (where no
manipulation preceded photothrombosis), most animals displayed
deep damage involving the striatum (grade III). The group preexposed to hypoxia showed similar results. Only 28.57 % of the
melatonin pretreated animals exhibited grade III lesions, and in
57.14 % no signs of lesions were detected. Pre-exposure to
hypoxia was not protective in our model. Pretreatment with
melatonin lead to a significant reduction of the number of large
ischemic lesions. This result is probably caused by protection of
endothelial cells by melatonin.
Nitric oxide and prostaglandins – important players in endothelin-1 induced myocardial distensibility
Authors: Brás-Silva C , Monteiro-Sousa D , Duarte AJ , Guerra M , Fontes-Sousa AP , Moura C , Areias JC , Leite Moreira AF
Published: April 2021

This study investigated whether endothelin (ET)-1-induced
increase in myocardial distensibility is preserved in heart failure
(HF) and whether it is modulated by nitric oxide (NO) and
prostaglandins. New Zealand white rabbits were treated with
doxorubicin (1 mg/kg, intravenously twice a week for 8 weeks,
DOX-HF group) or saline (control group). Effects of ET-1 (0.1, 1,
10 nM) were tested in papillary muscles from the DOX-HF group
and a control group in the presence of: i) intact endocardial
endothelium (EE); ii) damaged EE; iii) NG -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; NO synthase inhibitor), and iv) indomethacin (INDO;
cyclooxygenase inhibitor). In the presence of an intact EE, ET-1
promoted concentration-dependent positive inotropic and
lusitropic effects that were maintained after damaging the EE, in
the presence of L-NNA or INDO and in the DOX-HF Group. ET-1
reduced resting tension at the end of the isometric twitch
(increased diastolic distensibility) by 3.2±1.3 %, 6.0±1.6 % and
8.8±2.7 % (at 0.1, 1 and 10 nM, respectively), in muscles with
intact EE, effect that was completely abolished after damaging
EE, in the presence of L-NNA or INDO or in the DOX-HF Group.
This study demonstrated that the increase in myocardial
distensibility induced by ET-1 is absent in HF and is dependent of
NO and prostaglandin release.
L-malate reverses oxidative stress and antioxidative defenses in liver and heart of aged rats
Authors: Wu J-L , Wu Q-P , Chen X-F , Wei M-K , Zhang J-M , Huang Q , Zhou X-Y
Published: April 2021

The intracellular levels of antioxidant and free radical scavenging
enzymes are gradually altered during the aging process. An agedependent increase of oxidative stress occurring throughout the
lifetime is hypothesized to be the major cause of aging. The
current study examined the effects of L-malate on oxidative
stress and antioxidative defenses in the liver and heart of aged
rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four
groups, each group consisting of 6 animals. Group Ia and Group
IIa were young and aged control rats. Group Ib and Group IIb
were young and aged rats treated with L-malate (210 mg/kg
body weight per day). L-malate was orally administrated via
intragastric canula for 30 days, then the rats were sacrificed and
the liver and heart were removed to determine the oxidant
production, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defenses of
young and aged rats. Dietary L-malate reduced the accumulation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and significantly decreased the
level of lipid peroxidation in the liver and heart of the aged rats.
Accordingly, L-malate was found to enhance the antioxidative
defense system with an increased activity of antioxidant
enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels in the
liver of aged rats, a phenomenon not observed in the heart of
aged rats. Our data indicate that oxidative stress was reversed
and the antioxidative defense system was strengthened by
dietary supplementation with L-malate.
Chondrocytes From Osteoarthritic and Chondrocalcinosis Cartilage Represent Different Phenotypes
Authors: Meyer Franziska , Dittmann Annalena , Kornak Uwe , Herbster Maria , Pap Thomas , Lohmann Christoph H. , Bertrand Jessica
Published: April 2021

Basic calcium phosphate (BCP)-based calcification of cartilage is a common finding during osteoarthritis (OA) and is directly linked to the severity of the disease and hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. Chondrocalcinosis (CC) is associated with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease in the joint inducing OA-like symptoms. There is only little knowledge about the effect of CPPD crystals on chondrocytes and the signaling pathways involved in their generation. The aim of this study was to investigate the chondrocyte phenotype in CC cartilage and the effect of CPPD crystals on chondrocytes. Cartilage samples of patients with CC, patients with severe OA, and healthy donors were included in this study. The presence of CC was evaluated using standard X-ray pictures, as well as von Kossa staining of cartilage sections. OA severity was evaluated using the Chambers Score on cartilage sections, as well as the radiological Kellgren–Lawrence Score. Patients with radiologically detectable CC presented calcification mainly on the cartilage surface, whereas OA patients showed calcification mainly in the pericellular matrix of hypertrophic chondrocytes. OA cartilage exhibited increased levels of collagen X and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) compared with CC and healthy cartilage. This observation was confirmed by qRT-PCR using cartilage samples. No relevant influence of CPPD crystals on hypertrophic marker genes was observed in vitro, whereas BCP crystals significantly induced hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. Interestingly, we observed an increased expression of p16 and p21 in cartilage samples of CC patients compared with OA patients and healthy controls, indicating cellular senescence. To investigate whether CPPD crystals were sufficient to induce senescence, we incubated chondrocytes with BCP and CPPD crystals and quantified senescence using β-gal staining. No significant difference was observed for the staining, but an increase of p16 expression was observed after 10 days of culture. Primary chondrocytes from CC patients produced CPPD crystals in culture. This phenotype was stabilized by mitomycin C-induced senescence. Healthy and OA chondrocytes did not exhibit this phenotype. BCP and CPPD crystals seem to be associated with two different chondrocyte phenotypes. Whereas BCP deposition is associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy, CPPD deposition is associated with cellular senescence.
Emerging Roles of Circular RNAs in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Xia Fada , Zhang Zeyu , Li Xinying
Published: April 2021

Thyroid cancer (TC) has the highest incidence among endocrine malignancies. Thus, it is essential to achieve a deep understanding of various mechanisms of development and progression of TC. circRNAs are recognized by multiple studies as being dysregulated in TC. Accumulating evidences have revealed that circRNAs serve as regulatory molecules involved in various biological processes in TC, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration, metabolism, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, circRNA can also serve as an effective tool in TC researches of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. Thus, this review is to outline the characteristics of circRNAs, generalize their categories and functions, and highlight the expression of circRNAs in TC. Meanwhile, we are expecting to achieve a comprehensive understanding of new therapies based on circRNAs in treating or preventing TC.
Functional Roles of Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Stress Granule Formation and Dynamics
Authors: Jin Xuejiao , Cao Xiuling , Liu Shenkui , Liu Beidong
Published: April 2021

Stress granules (SGs) are highly dynamic cytoplasmic foci formed in response to stress. The formation of SGs is reported to be regulated by diverse post-translational protein modifications (PTMs). Among them, ADP-ribosylation is of emerging interest due to its recently identified roles in SG organization. In this review, we summarized the latest advances on the roles of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in the regulation of SG formation and dynamics, including its function in modulating nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and SG recruitment of SG components, as well as its effects on protein phase separation behavior. Moreover, the functional role of PAR chain diversity on dynamic of SG composition is also introduced. Potential future developments on investigating global ADP-ribosylation networks, individual roles of different PARPs, and interactions between ADP-ribosylation and other PTMs in SGs are also discussed.
Polymer–Inorganic Thermoelectric Nanomaterials: Electrical Properties, Interfacial Chemistry Engineering, and Devices
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Pan Shuang , Song Huanhuan , Guo Wengai , Zhao Shiqiang , Chen Guang , Zhang Qingcheng , Jin Huile , Zhang Lijie , Chen Yihuang , Wang Shun
Published: April 2021

Though solar cells are one of the promising technologies to address the energy crisis, this technology is still far from commercialization. Thermoelectric materials offer a novel opportunity to convert energy between thermal and electrical aspects, which show the feasibility to improve the performance of solar cells via heat management and light harvesting. Polymer–inorganic thermoelectric nanocomposites consisting of inorganic nanomaterials and functional organic polymers represent one kind of advanced hybrid nanomaterials with tunable optical and electrical characteristics and fascinating interfacial and surface chemistry. During the past decades, they have attracted extensive research interest due to their diverse composition, easy synthesis, and large surface area. Such advanced nanomaterials not only inherit low thermal conductivity from polymers and high Seebeck coefficient, and high electrical conductivity from inorganic materials, but also benefit from the additional interface between each component. In this review, we provide an overview of interfacial chemistry engineering and electrical feature of various polymer–inorganic thermoelectric hybrid nanomaterials, including synthetic methods, properties, and applications in thermoelectric devices. In addition, the prospect and challenges of polymer–inorganic nanocomposites are discussed in the field of thermoelectric energy.
Overlapping Properties of the Short Membrane-Active Peptide BP100 With (i) Polycationic TAT and (ii) α-helical Magainin Family Peptides
Authors: Mink Christian , Strandberg Erik , Wadhwani Parvesh , Melo Manuel N. , Reichert Johannes , Wacker Irene , Castanho Miguel A. R. B. , Ulrich Anne S.
Published: April 2021

BP100 is a short, designer-made membrane-active peptide with multiple functionalities: antimicrobial, cell-penetrating, and fusogenic. Consisting of five lysines and 6 hydrophobic residues, BP100 was shown to bind to lipid bilayers as an amphipathic α-helix, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. With these features, BP100 embodies the characteristics of two distinctly different classes of membrane-active peptides, which have been studied in detail and where the mechanism of action is better understood. On the one hand, its amphiphilic helical structure is similar to the pore forming magainin family of antimicrobial peptides, though BP100 is much too short to span the membrane. On the other hand, its length and high charge density are reminiscent of the HIV-TAT family of cell penetrating peptides, for which inverted micelles have been postulated as translocation intermediates, amongst other mechanisms. Assays were performed to test the antimicrobial and hemolytic activity, the induced leakage and fusion of lipid vesicles, and cell uptake. From these results the functional profiles of BP100, HIV-TAT, and the magainin-like peptides magainin 2, PGLa, MSI-103, and MAP were determined and compared. It is observed that the activity of BP100 resembles most closely the much longer amphipathic α-helical magainin-like peptides, with high antimicrobial activity along with considerable fusogenic and hemolytic effects. In contrast, HIV-TAT shows almost no antimicrobial, fusogenic, or hemolytic effects. We conclude that the amphipathic helix of BP100 has a similar membrane-based activity as magainin-like peptides and may have a similar mechanism of action.