bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive rapid neural observer-based sensors fault diagnosis and reconstruction of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Taimoor Muhammad , Lu Xiao , Maqsood Hamid , Sheng Chunyang
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The objective of this research is to investigate various neural network (NN) observer techniques for sensors fault identification and diagnosis of nonlinear system in consideration of numerous faults, failures, uncertainties and disturbances. For the importunity of increasing the faults diagnosis and reconstruction preciseness, a new technique is used for modifying the weight parameters of NNs without enhancement of computational complexities.

Design/methodology/approach

Various techniques such as adaptive radial basis functions (ARBF), conventional radial basis functions, adaptive multi-layer perceptron, conventional multi-layer perceptron and extended state observer are presented. For increasing the fault detection preciseness, a new technique is used for updating the weight parameters of radial basis functions and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) without enhancement of computational complexities. Lyapunov stability theory and sliding-mode surface concepts are used for the weight-updating parameters. Based on the combination of these two concepts, the weight parameters of NNs are updated adaptively. The key purpose of utilization of adaptive weight is to enhance the detection of faults with high accuracy. Because of the online adaptation, the ARBF can detect various kinds of faults and failures such as simultaneous, incipient, intermittent and abrupt faults effectively. Results depict that the suggested algorithm (ARBF) demonstrates more confrontation to unknown disturbances, faults and system dynamics compared with other investigated techniques and techniques used in the literature. The proposed algorithms are investigated by the utilization of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle dynamics, which authenticate the efficiency of the suggested algorithm.

Findings

The proposed Lyapunov function theory and sliding-mode surface-based strategy are studied, which shows more efficiency to unknown faults, failures, uncertainties and disturbances compared with conventional approaches as well as techniques used in the literature.

Practical implications

For improvement of the system safety and for avoiding failure and damage, the rapid fault detection and isolation has a great significance; the proposed approaches in this research work guarantee the detection and reconstruction of unknown faults, which has a great significance for practical life.

Originality/value

In this research, two strategies such Lyapunov function theory and sliding-mode surface concept are used in combination for tuning the weight parameters of NNs adaptively. The main purpose of these strategies is the fault diagnosis and reconstruction with high accuracy in terms of shape as well as the magnitude of unknown faults. Results depict that the proposed strategy is more effective compared with techniques used in the literature.
Public-private partnership in health care organizations. How to cope with complexity issues: a comparative case-study between Italy and the US
Authors: Pratici Lorenzo , Singer Phillip McMinn
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Health-care systems around the globe share several pressing challenges – including increasing costs and patient outcomes. Innovative arrangements, such as public–private partnerships (PPP) can be adopted to help address these challenges. Although the promise of PPPs is great, so are its peril if the arrangements are not managed and regulated adequately through the contracting process. Yet, PPP arrangements can introduce their own unique set of problems. This paper aims to analyze how PPPs contracting accounts for three major problems identified reviewing the: performance measurement and audit; determination of compensation and risk management–related issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a case study approach to analyze contracting among health-care PPPs in two countries: Italy and the USA. With a structured review performed on Scopus database using a keywords Boolean research, the authors identified three recurring major issues to investigate in two selected cases, one per country. For each major issue, the authors defined several sub-issues retrieved from a widely used institutional framework. In each sub-issue, a documental analysis on all published information related to the signed contract has been performed identifying the approaches used by the two organizations.

Findings

The authors find that PPP contracting in the USA case seems to be oriented more toward managing institutional change as well as more flexibility in the deductibility and compensation determination for organizations and providers, suggesting this organization is more oriented to change in general. The authors find that PPP contracting in Italy more clearly delineate the allocation of risk between organizations that engage in PPPs, suggesting a more practical approach.

Practical implications

PPP is complex. Contracting helps manage the complexity of these arrangements. This case study approach to PPP contracting highlights the variation in contracting approaches across two different countries. Policymakers and health-care managers need to ensure that PPP contracting clearly delineates auditing and performance measurement, compensation and risk management.

Originality/value

The authors’ analysis sheds light on the different approaches to arranging health-care PPPs in two different country settings. More research should be done to connect these different approaches to important outcomes, such as patient and organizational finances, as well as expanding the scope of countries adopting PPP in health care.
Imitation learning of a wheeled mobile manipulator based on dynamical movement primitives
Authors: Yang Zeguo , Li Mantian , Zha Fusheng , Wang Xin , Wang Pengfei , Guo Wei
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce an imitation learning framework for a wheeled mobile manipulator based on dynamical movement primitives (DMPs). A novel mobile manipulator with the capability to learn from demonstration is introduced. Then, this study explains the whole process for a wheeled mobile manipulator to learn a demonstrated task and generalize to new situations. Two visual tracking controllers are designed for recording human demonstrations and monitoring robot operations. The study clarifies how human demonstrations can be learned and generalized to new situations by a wheel mobile manipulator.

Design/methodology/approach

The kinematic model of a mobile manipulator is analyzed. An RGB-D camera is applied to record the demonstration trajectories and observe robot operations. To avoid human demonstration behaviors going out of sight of the camera, a visual tracking controller is designed based on the kinematic model of the mobile manipulator. The demonstration trajectories are then represented by DMPs and learned by the mobile manipulator with corresponding models. Another tracking controller is designed based on the kinematic model of the mobile manipulator to monitor and modify the robot operations.

Findings

To verify the effectiveness of the imitation learning framework, several daily tasks are demonstrated and learned by the mobile manipulator. The results indicate that the presented approach shows good performance for a wheeled mobile manipulator to learn tasks through human demonstrations. The only thing a robot-user needs to do is to provide demonstrations, which highly facilitates the application of mobile manipulators.

Originality/value

The research fulfills the need for a wheeled mobile manipulator to learn tasks via demonstrations instead of manual planning. Similar approaches can be applied to mobile manipulators with different architecture.
SEC updates regulatory framework for good faith determinations of fair value
Authors: Palmer Christopher , Delligatti Paul , Zutz Andrew , Lane William
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To explain the new U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 2a-5 (the “Fair Value Rule”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), which addresses the valuation practices of registered investment companies and business development companies.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides an overview of the Fair Value Rule, followed by a more detailed summary of the key provisions, including relevant guidance provided by the SEC in the release adopting the Fair Value Rule.

Findings

The Fair Value Rule establishes a specific framework, a standard of baseline practices across funds, and a set of required functions that must be performed in order to determine in good faith the fair value of a fund’s investments for purposes of applying Section 2(a)(41) of the 1940 Act.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from experienced investment management lawyers.
A human-centric participatory approach to energy-efficient housing based on occupants' collaborative image
Authors: Asad Poor Javad , Goh Yong Wah , Thorpe David
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This study aims to develop a photo-based methodology to identify occupants' collaborative image of the energy-efficient small-size housing.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing qualitative and quantitative approaches, 24 photos were randomly selected from different urban areas of Brisbane (Australia) city for an online survey. A total of 36 participants evaluated the photos 159 times.

Findings

Conducted content analysis resulted in the identification of 5 attribute-based factors, generated from 16 semantic categories and 74 attributes. Using a non-parametric Chi-square test, the factors were categorised in two levels, i.e. (1) envelope elements (primary and secondary) and passive climatic principles; and (2) architectural composition principles and neighbourhood quality.

Social implications

The discussion on the results via the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) suggests that regarding the external aspects, the people's image of energy-efficient housing could be influenced by their perceived control over changeable and adjustable attributes.

Originality/value

The photo-based methodology developed by this paper has the potential to quantify occupants' collaborative image of small-size housing energy efficiency, which would be essential in assisting them to adjust their dwelling units regarding the congruity of the energy efficiency attributes with their preferences.
Entrepreneurs’ impact on the wider community: a comparative study of commercial beekeepers through the lens of social role theory
Authors: Duarte Alonso Abel , O’Shea Michelle , Kok Seng , Bressan Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how commercial beekeepers operating in two different nations perceive their role towards their community and society. The realms of role theory will be adopted.

Design/methodology/approach

Data among 144 commercial beekeepers operating in both New Zealand and the United Kingdom (UK) were gathered through an online questionnaire. The design of the questionnaire, which allowed extended comments from the participating commercial beekeepers, validated the use of the inductive analysis approach that enabled the emergence of various distinctive themes, and the development of a theoretical framework.

Findings

Participants from both New Zealand and UK recognised similar ways of making a positive impact. Moreover, they agreed that their contribution spanned from pollinating fields and orchards, to improving food production and preserving nature. Nevertheless, the two groups also differed in their views, notably, of the degree of knowledge or awareness among stakeholders concerning beekeepers’ contribution.

Originality/value

By using a comparative view of how commercial beekeepers perceive their rolevis-à-vistheir wider community, this study addresses a call for rethinking the social value added that emanates from entrepreneurial activities, and how such value can affect society. Furthermore, in adopting social role theory, the study proposes a framework where strong associations between the empirical results and the tenets of social role theory are revealed. This framework affords a lens through which food-producing activities aimed at balancing producers’ commercial and environmental imperatives and their relationship with broader societal expectations could be reflected upon.
The clinical course of COVID‐19 in pregnant versus non‐pregnant women requiring hospitalisation: results from the multicentre UK CA‐COVID‐19 study
Authors: Crossette‐Thambiah Christina , Nicolson Phillip , Rajakaruna Indika , Langridge Alexander , Sayar Zara , Perelta Maria R. , Essex Sarah , Oakes Roderick , Mounter Philip , Lewis Sarah , Dutt Tina , Scott Ian , Aung Nini , Shapiro Susie , Laffan Mike , Arachchillage Deepa R. J.
Published: June 2021

The impact of COVID‐19 infection on pregnant women remains relatively unknown but the physiological changes of pregnancy and hypercoagulability of COVID‐19 may further increase thrombotic risk. In this retrospective multicentre observational study, we report clinical characteristics and outcomes in 36 pregnant women requiring hospitalisation for COVID‐19 compared to a propensity‐matched cohort of non‐pregnant women. Pregnant women had a lower haemoglobin and higher lymphocyte counts but no differences in other haematological or biochemical parameters on admission compared to non‐pregnant women. There was no significant difference in the duration of hospitalisation; median two days (1–77) for pregnant versus eight days (1–49) for non‐pregnant women. A higher proportion of non‐pregnant women required mechanical ventilation [11/36 (31%) vs 3/36 (8%), P = 0·03] and received thromboprophylaxis with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) within 24 h of admission [25/36 (69%) vs 15 /36(42%), P = 0·03] compared to pregnant women. One pregnant woman required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The rate of thrombosis was similar in both groups (one in each group). No women developed major bleeding or died. Data suggest that although non‐pregnant women had a severe clinical course, overall outcomes were not different between women with or without pregnancy. The use of thromboprophylaxis was inconsistent, demonstrating a need for establishing evidence‐based guidance for COVID‐19 during pregnancy.
Clinical course of myeloproliferative leukaemia virus oncogene (MPL) mutation‐associated familial thrombocytosis: a review of 64 paediatric and adult patients
Authors: Al‐Harbi Talal , Al‐Zahrani Mohsen , Al‐Balwi Mohammed , Al‐Hazmi Aiman , Alsuhaibani Ahmed , Aljafn Nahed , Alsumari Fatimah , Aleshaiwi Latefah , Alsuhibani Alanoud , Alqasim Ohoud , Ahmad Naveed
Published: June 2021

Familial thrombocytosis (FT) is a rare hereditary haematological disorder characterised by increased platelet count, usually caused by germ‐line mutations in thrombopoietin (THPO), myeloproliferative leukaemia virus oncogene (MPL) or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) genes, and can be associated with increased risk of thrombosis. We aimed to determine the yield of diagnostic tests, assess treatment received and describe the clinical course of MPL‐associated FT. We retrospectively reviewed all paediatric and adult haematology patients diagnosed with MPL‐related FT, who were seen in our clinics from March 2013 to February 2021. Of 64 eligible patients, 26 (41%) were aged <14 years, while the remaining 38 (59%) patients were adults. The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 20 (33·5) years. In all, 26 tribes were represented in this cohort of 64 patients, out of which 31 (48%) patients belonged to two tribes. A total of 60 patients (94%) had thrombocytosis on blood count. Additional genetic tests, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) gene panel, Philadelphia gene breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson (BCR‐ABL) and JAK2, were carried out for 52 patients and only one patient was positive for JAK2 mutation. In all, 21 (33%) patients were prescribed aspirin and seven (11%) were prescribed hydroxyurea. Overall, 63 (98%) patients did not develop any thrombotic or haemorrhagic event. There was no significant association of MPL‐mutated FT with thrombosis or haemorrhage.
Needle dislodgement in hemodialysis patients: Progress in prevention and early intervention
Authors: Ding Qing , Ye Qinglong
Published: June 2021

Needle dislodgement during hemodialysis is a potentially lethal accident that, although rare, has yet to be completely eliminated in clinical dialysis. Fatal hemorrhaging can occur with the loss of proper needle positioning due to the continuously running pump of the dialysis machine. Cooperative efforts by medical professionals, scientists, and related industries have been made to remove all such risks. In this review, we highlight the recommended practices summarized by professional associations and recent progress regarding the research and development of auxiliary equipment for dialysis nursing aimed at preventing and/or providing early intervention for needle dislodgement.
Estimating serum‐ionized magnesium concentration in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Holzmann‐Littig Christopher , Kuechle Claudius , Bietenbeck Andreas , McCallum Wendy , Heemann Uwe , Renders Lutz , Steubl Dominik
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Cardiovascular mortality is significantly increased in kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) patients, which is partly mediated by enhanced vascular calcification. Magnesium appears to have anticalcifying capabilities, and hypomagnesemia has been associated with increased mortality in KFRT patients. Ionized magnesium represents the biologically and physiologically active form. As serum ionized magnesium (Mgion) is difficult to assess in clinical routine estimating equations derived from routinely assessed laboratory parameters could facilitate medical treatment.

Methods

We developed equations to estimate serum Mgion using linear regression analysis in 191 hemodialysis (HD) patients. Reference test was measured ionized magnesium (Mgion). As index tests, we chose estimated Mgion using total magnesium (Mgtot) and other laboratory and demographic variable candidates. Equations were internally validated, using 749 subsequent Mgion measurements.

Findings

The median patient age was 65 years, 67.5% of the patients were male. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) measured Mgion was 0.64 [0.57, 0.72] mmol/L, 11 (6%) patients were hypo‐ (i.e., <0.45 mmol/L) and 127 (66%) were hypermagnesemic (>0.60 mmol/L). The final equation at the end of the development process included Mgtot, serum ionized, and total calcium concentrations. In the validation dataset, bias (i.e., median difference between measured and estimated Mgion, −0.017 [−0.020, −0.014] mmol/L) and precision (i.e., IQR of bias 0.043 [0.039, 0.047] mmol/L) were small, 90% [88, 93] of estimated values were ±10% of measured values. The equation detected normomagnesemia with overall good diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver‐operating curve 0.91 [0.89, 0.93]).

Discussion

Mgion can be estimated from equations containing routinely assessed laboratory variables with high accuracy and good overall performance. These equations might simplify the assessment of ionized magnesium levels in the individual hemodialysis patients and help the treating physician to guide the overall treatment.
Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS‐CoV2 patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Sajmi Shaji , Goutham Kamalakannan , Arumugam Venkatesh , Gopalakrishnan Natarajan , Lamech Tanuj Moses , Aiswarya Dhanapalan , Krishna Ravindran , Vathsalyan Paulpandian , Kannan Badri Srinivasan , Solomon Dolphin , Nithya Govindasamy , Sastry Bhagavatula V. R. H. , Sakthirajan Ramanathan
Published: June 2021

Background

The passive immunization of patients with SARS‐CoV2 with convalescent plasma (CP) is theoretically beneficial in patients with end‐stage renal disease who are immunosuppressed and unable to mount an adequate immune response. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CP in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis with moderate‐to‐severe SARS‐CoV2 infection.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in consecutive 68 moderate‐to‐severe SARS‐CoV2 infected patients who were on maintenance hemodialysis or with acute worsening of chronic kidney disease which required initiation of hemodialysis. Patients who received CP were compared with those who did not. The primary outcome was death during hospitalization. Clinical characteristics, duration of hospitalization and inflammatory parameters were compared between the two groups. A subgroup analysis was done to find whether early initiation of plasma was associated with better outcome.

Results

Sixteen patients (44%) in the plasma group and 14 (45%) patients in the control group died during hospitalization (p = 0.95). The median duration of hospitalization was 9 (6–14) days in the plasma group and 9 (6–16) in the control group (p = 0.60). There was no difference in mortality or duration of hospitalization with respect to early initiation of CP (p = 0.29). Fistula thrombosis occurred in two patients (11.1%) in the plasma group.

Conclusion

Therapy with CP does not appear to confer any clinical benefit in moderate‐to‐severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis.
Evaluating the clinical experience of a regional in‐center nocturnal hemodialysis program: The patient and staff perspective
Authors: Hull Katherine L. , Quann Niamh , Glover Suzanne , Wimbury Coral , Churchward Darren R. , Pickering Warren P. , Preston Rob , Baines Richard , Graham‐Brown Matthew P. M. , Burton James O.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

End‐stage kidney disease causes significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Despite improvements in conventional hemodialysis, these problems persist. In‐center nocturnal hemodialysis (INHD) has been shown to be beneficial in observational studies. This report outlines a 4‐year renal network experience of INHD from the patient and frontline staff perspective.

Methods

Staff and patients' experiences of INHD were evaluated through two work streams. Work stream one: 12 patients who chose to stop INHD and 24 patients who chose to continue with INHD completed an anonymous survey. Work stream two: one‐to‐one interviews with 20 patients receiving INHD and seven staff working INHD shifts were conducted. Clinical incident reporting for conventional hemodialysis and INHD from April 2014 to December 2018 was reviewed.

Findings

Work stream one: Five themes were identified; facilities, time, health and well‐being, sleep, and transport. A patient “starter pack” was developed and improvements to the dialysis unit were completed. Work stream two: Patient interviews demonstrated starter packs to aid sleep were well received; sleep itself was not a single reason to discontinue INHD. Staff indicated that their greatest concern was staffing levels; although staff‐to‐patient ratio remains unchanged, total numbers on INHD shifts were fewer, causing concern around less colleague availability for support during an emergency. Safety: 363 clinical incidents were reported across all dialysis shifts; for conventional hemodialysis, a larger proportion were due to medical interventions, infection control, and transport; for INHD, most incidents centered around communication with patients and relatives, delays in patient transfer, and issues with medical equipment or facilities.

Discussion

Patients continue with INHD due to increased social time and perceived health benefits. Patient starter packs and adjustments to the dialysis unit may enhance sleep. This experience has optimized the design of the NightLife study; a randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of INHD on quality of life.
Teaching tolerance: Diverse cellular interactions enable healthy maturation
Authors: Frede Annika , Milling Simon
Published: June 2021

The fetal immune system is distinguishable from the adult immune system by a higher degree of tolerance to foreign antigens. This tolerance is important for fetal development within the ‘foreign’ maternal environment, and during birth when barrier surfaces are first colonized by microbiota. Immune responses against the wave of newly colonizing microbiota would cause massive damage to barrier tissues, so neonates need suppressed immune responses and instead rely on maternal antibodies for protection. It is becoming clear that the early‐life establishment of tolerance could impact immune homeostasis and predisposition to autoimmune diseases throughout life. However, it is not well understood how and when perinatal tolerogenic immune responses switch towards adult‐like effector immune responses. Here, we present a new report on the differences between cells from perinatal umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which give mechanistic insights into fetal tolerogenic responses.
Digital identity as a platform for improving refugee management
Authors: Madon Shirin , Schoemaker Emrys
Published: June 2021

Digital platforms are restructuring how many companies and industries function, including humanitarian organisations that operate in complex environments and serve vulnerable populations. To date, however, there has been limited study of their use in humanitarian and particularly refugee contexts. This paper seeks to address this gap by drawing on the concept of platformisation to study the opportunities and challenges arising from UNHCR's transition from a closed transactional system to an open innovation platform focusing on core processes of identification, value creation and platform governance that are relevant for refugee management and protection. Our empirical study captures the perspectives of the UNHCR, organisational stakeholders and refugees in the world's largest refugee camp in Northern Uganda with regards to UNHCR's strategy towards platform openness. We find that UNHCR's data transformation strategy introduces the potential for increasing institutional value in the form of more effective service delivery to refugees. However, these technological opportunities do not necessarily translate to greater value if they do not mesh with current work practices, incentives and activities of service provider organisations and refugees. Our study helps identify opportunities to address these constraints, primarily through improving understanding of the emergent governance‐related tensions that exist for digital platforms for development and surfacing existing issues of exclusion and vulnerability. We conclude with insights for the broader theorisation of identification platforms and with recommendations for policies and practices that together might help realise the potential value creation introduced through the platformisation of identification systems.
Zeolite ceramics with ordered microporous structure and high crystallinity prepared by cold sintering process
Authors: Shi Jun Zuo , Zhu Xiao Li , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: June 2021

4A [Na96(Al96Si96O384)⋅216H2O] and 13X [Na2(Al2Si3.3O10.6)⋅7H2O] zeolite ceramics were prepared by cold sintering processes, and the physical properties were investigated together with the structure characterization. There were four primary parameters controlling the preparation process: content of NaOH, pressure, temperature, and holding time. Zeolite ceramics with the idea ordered microporous structure and high crystallinity were obtained at 393 K under 450~550 MPa with a holding time of 5 min from the solution with 20 wt% NaOH. A high compressive strength up to 60 MPa and low Young's modulus down to 76 MPa were achieved in 13X zeolite ceramics, and the present ceramics might provide potential applications in damping materials and thermal insulating materials.
Characteristics of urinary sodium excretion in patients with chronic kidney disease in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Sun Lianqin , Duan Suyan , Zuo Chenyan , Sun Zhiying , Nie Guangyan , Zhang Chengning , Zeng Ming , Sun Bin , Yuan Yanggang , Wang Ningning , Mao Huijuan , Xing Changying , Zhang Bo
Published: June 2021

The current study aimed to assess the dietary salt intake in patients with CKD in Jiangsu province and investigate the relationship of urinary sodium excretion with blood pressure. A total of 800 patients with CKD stages 1–4 were recruited. All enrolled patients were asked to collect complete 24‐h urine specimen. At the same time, patient's demographic and laboratory data were recorded. The mean age was 47.45 ± 15.25 years old, including 423 men and 377 women. There was no significant difference in urinary sodium excretion among different stages of CKD (p = .748). This study revealed that the median urinary sodium excretion of all patients was 127.20 mmol/d (IQR 91.03–172.06), corresponding to a salt intake of 7.4 g/d. Among them, only 167 (20.9%) cases had salt intake <5 g/d. Moreover, urinary sodium excretion in overweight group and obese group was higher than that in normal weight group (p = .001, p ˂ .001). Likewise, urinary sodium excretion in men was higher than that in women (p ˂ .001). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that urinary sodium excretion positively correlated with urinary protein excretion (r = .178, p ˂ .001), SBP (r = .109, p = .002), and DBP (r = .086, p = .015). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, eGFR, urinary protein excretion, and history of taking antihypertensive drug, multivariate linear regression demonstrated that higher level of urinary sodium excretion associated with increased level of SBP, DBP, and MAP (β = 0.020, p = .049; β = 0.015, p = .040; β = 0.016, p = .025, respectively). In conclusion, the dietary salt intake in CKD patients, especially in male, overweight and obese subjects, remains high in Jiangsu province. It is vital to decline salt intake to control blood pressure in Jiangsu patients with CKD.
SULT1A1 (Minoxidil Sulfotransferase) enzyme booster significantly improves response to topical minoxidil for hair regrowth
Authors: Dhurat Rachita , Daruwalla Sanober , Pai Suraj , Kovacevic Maja , McCoy John , Shapiro Jerry , Sinclair Rod , Vano‐Galvan Sergio , Goren Andy
Published: June 2021

Background

Minoxidil is a widely used over‐the‐counter topical treatment for hair loss. The response rate for topical minoxidil is relatively low. Minoxidil is a pro‐drug, converted to its active form, minoxidil sulfate, by SULT1A1 enzymes located in the scalp. Recently, a novel topical formula that increases the activity of SULT1A1 in hair follicles was reported.

Aims

To evaluate any benefit of applying the SULT1A1 enzyme booster prior to daily 5% minoxidil treatment.

Methods

Male androgenic alopecia patients were recruited to a randomized blinded placebo‐controlled study. Patients were randomized to receive 5% topical minoxidil plus the novel formula or minoxidil plus a sham adjuvant. Patient's hair growth was monitored using global photography over 60 days.

Results

Twenty‐four males with androgenic alopecia (Norwood scale average 4.4, range 2–6) were randomized and completed the trial: 12 in the active arm and 12 in placebo. 75% of the subjects who used the SULT1A1 adjuvant with their daily minoxidil treatments for 60 days regrew hair versus 33% of those using the placebo adjuvant (p = 0.023).

Conclusions

In a small cohort of androgenetic alopecia men, adding the SULT1A1 adjuvant to their daily minoxidil treatment regimen improved hair regrowth.
Validation of E‐PRE‐DELIRIC in cardiac surgical ICU delirium: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gao Wen , Zhang Yuping , Jin Jingfen
Published: June 2021

Background

The early prediction model for delirium in intensive care units (ICUs)—E‐PRE‐DELIRIC—has been created to predict delirium development during the length of stay in ICUs. However, there have been few early predictive models for delirium in the cardiac surgical ICU (CSICU), and the predictive ability of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC among patients following cardiac surgeries is still unknown.

Aims and objectives

To validate the performance of E‐PRE‐DELIRIC in CSICU.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Data were retrospectively extracted from the electronic records for patients admitted in CSICU from January 2018 to December 2018 in a tertiary teaching hospital in China. Adult patients were included following the criteria of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model. Predictors, including age, history of cognitive impairment, history of alcohol abuse, urgent admission, use of corticosteroids, respiratory failure, blood urea nitrogen, and mean arterial pressure, at the time of ICU admission were retrieved, and delirium was assessed twice a day using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. The performance of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model was evaluated by area under receiver operator characteristic curve, precision‐recall curve (AUPRC), Hosmer‐Lemeshow (HL) test, and calibration belt.

Results

Of the 725 patients included, 120 (16.6%) developed delirium. The AUROC was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48‐0.59), and the AUPRC was 0.18 (95% CI, 0.12‐0.20). The HL test showed a significant difference between predicted probability and delirium occurrence (χ2 = 17.326, P = .027), and the overestimation chance of the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC score was 0.24 to 0.43.

Conclusion

The E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model has poor‐to‐fair predictive value in this study; thus, its application among the CSICU patients is limited. Development of reliable and validated tools for early prediction of delirium in CSICU is required.

Relevance to clinical practice

Early prediction of delirium risk at CSICU admission is of vital importance and could provide timely information to caregivers. However, the E‐PRE‐DELIRIC model should be applied cautiously in the CSICU because of the significant probability of over‐estimating the risk of developing delirium.
Preoperative planar lymphoscintigraphy allows for sentinel lymph node detection in 51 dogs improving staging accuracy: Feasibility and pitfalls
Authors: Manfredi Martina , De Zani Donatella , Chiti Lavinia Elena , Ferrari Roberta , Stefanello Damiano , Giudice Chiara , Pettinato Vincenzina , Longo Maurizio , Di Giancamillo Mauro , Zani Davide Danilo
Published: June 2021

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is the current gold standard for the oncological staging of solid malignancies in humans. This prospective observational study describes the feasibility and the limits of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for SLN detection in dogs with spontaneous malignancies and the improvements in staging accuracy. Client‐owned dogs with confirmed malignant neoplasia and absence of distant metastasis were prospectively enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed after the peritumoral injection of Technetium‐99m labeled nanocolloids. Regional dynamic and static images were acquired, with and without masking of the injection site with a lead shield. The dogs were then subjected to surgery for tumor excision and SLN extirpation. Intraoperative SLN detection was performed by combining methylene blue dye and a dedicated gamma probe. Overall, 51 dogs with a total of 60 solid malignant tumors were enrolled. Lymphoscintigraphy identified at least one SLN in 57 of 60 cases (95%). The SLN did not always correspond to the regional lymph node (35/57, 61.4%). The use of a lead shield, masking the injection site, markedly improved the SLN visibility. The median time of SLN appearance was 11.4 ± 9.3 min. No side effects were observed. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy allows for SLN detection in dogs and can improve staging accuracy by either identifying the SLN in a different lymphosome than clinically expected or discriminating the draining node in uncertain cases. The combined use of preoperative and intraoperative techniques is recommended to increase the SLN detection rate.
A New Method to “Lock-in” Elastic Effects for Experimental Stress Analysis
Authors: Dally J. W. , Durelli A. J. , Riley W. F.
Published: June 2021

A new method is described for “locking-in” an optical interference pattern and a mechanical distortion. The transparent model is cast from a modified epoxy resin with an embedded rubber-thread grid. The model is permitted partially to cure before it is loaded, then held under load while the plastic continues to cure. Upon removal of the load an isochromatic fringe pattern remains which is proportional to the elastic distribution of the maximum shearing stress. In addition, the permanently distorted grid has deformations which are proportional to the elastic distribution of strains. The method is applied to a disk under diametrical compression and a disk under gravitational loading. A comparison of experimental and theoretical results for these two cases shows, in general, good agreement. Most of the discrepancies between experimental and theoretical results are due to the large deformations in the neighborhood of the points of load application. An application of the method to the solution of a three-dimensional problem, namely, the gravitational stress distribution in a buttress-type dam, is discussed briefly.
Torques on a Satellite Vehicle From Internal Moving Parts (Supplement)
Authors: Roberson R. E.
Published: June 2021

Previous results on attitude perturbation torques on a satellite from internal moving parts are supplemented. The torque is expressed explicitly in terms of attitude external driving torques. Reference axes in the main body of the satellite are related to the wandering principal axes.
The Effect of Spin Upon the Rolling Motion of an Elastic Sphere on a Plane
Authors: Johnson K. L.
Published: June 2021

The motion and deformation of an elastic sphere rolling on an elastic plane are examined for the case when the sphere, in addition to its straight rolling motion, has an angular velocity of “spin” Ω about an axis normal to the plane. The action of spin is to twist the area of contact. Surface tractions resulting from this rotation are found, which demonstrate the necessity of partial slip in the area of contact. Previous investigations suggest that this slip cannot occur at the leading edge of the contact circle, so that a system of tractions is found which corresponds to zero stress at the leading point. It is shown that such a system of tractions gives rise to a transverse creep of the sphere in the direction of its rotation Ω. The magnitude of this creep is calculated for small values of Ω, when slip occurs to only a small extent. Experiments have been performed using a simple thrust bearing with plane parallel races. As the bearing rotates, the balls creep radially outward in the predicted manner. Quantitative measurements of this creep agree with the theoretical estimate over a wide range.
On the Transverse Vibrations of Rectangular Orthotropic Plates
Authors: Huffington N. J. , Hoppmann W. H.
Published: June 2021

Frequency equations and modal eigenfunctions have been determined for the flexural vibrations of rectangular plates of orthotropic material, for those cases which may be treated by the method of M. Lévy (1). In addition, for a broader class of boundary-value problems, an orthogonality criterion for the eigenfunctions has been established and relations for the kinetic and potential energies derived. The value of these energy functions in dealing with forced vibrations is demonstrated.
Formulas for the Frequencies Including Higher Frequencies of Uniform Cantilever and Free-Free Beams With Additional Masses at the Ends
Authors: Haener Juan
Published: June 2021

The approximated formulas, the derivation of which is outlined here, make it possible to determine immediately the nth frequency of uniform cantilever and free-free beams with additional masses at the ends.
Analysis of the Thermoelectric Effects by Methods of Irreversible Thermodynamics
Authors: Hatsopoulos G. N. , Keenan J. H.
Published: June 2021

By means of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, three thermoelectric quantities, namely, the Thomson coefficient, the Peltier coefficient, and the electromotive force of a thermocouple, are each expressed in terms of a pure temperature function h which is the difference between the isothermal energy flux in a conductor per unit electrical current and the electrochemical potential of the unit electrical charge. The Kelvin relations for the thermocouple follow directly.
The Effect of Product of Inertia Coupling on the Natural Frequencies of a Rigid Body on Resilient Supports
Authors: Crede C. E.
Published: June 2021

A rigid body on resilient supports has six natural frequencies, some or all of which are in coupled modes if there is nonsymmetry. The analysis in this paper considers the coupling introduced by the product of inertia when the principal axes of inertia of the rigid body and the principal elastic axes of the resilent supports are not parallel. A typical case is considered in detail, and a procedure suitable for engineering use is presented for evaluating the effect of product of inertia coupling.
Targeting highly pathogenic coronavirus-induced apoptosis reduces viral pathogenesis and disease severity
Authors: Chu Hin , Shuai Huiping , Hou Yuxin , Zhang Xi , Wen Lei , Huang Xiner , Hu Bingjie , Yang Dong , Wang Yixin , Yoon Chaemin , Wong Bosco Ho-Yin , Li Cun , Zhao Xiaoyu , Poon Vincent Kwok-Man , Cai Jian-Piao , Wong Kenneth Kak-Yuen , Yeung Man-Lung , Zhou Jie , Au-Yeung Rex Kwok-Him , Yuan Shuofeng , Jin Dong-Yan , Kok Kin-Hang , Perlman Stanley , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Yuen Kwok-Yung
Published: June 2021

Infection of highly pathogenic coronaviruses triggers apoptosis that can be targeted to reduce disease severity.
Cryo-EM structure of the photosynthetic RC-LH1-PufX supercomplex at 2.8-Å resolution
Authors: Bracun Laura , Yamagata Atsushi , Christianson Bern M. , Terada Tohru , Canniffe Daniel P. , Shirouzu Mikako , Liu Lu-Ning
Published: June 2021

Atomic structure of the first RC-LH1-PufX supercomplex provides new insights into the assembly and function of photosynthetic systems.
Enhancing proteasomal processing improves survival for a peptide vaccine used to treat glioblastoma
Authors: Fidanza Mario , Gupta Puja , Sayana Anin , Shanker Varun , Pahlke Svenja-Maria , Vu Brandon , Krantz Fanny , Azameera Aruna , Wong Nicollette , Anne Navya , Xia Yuanxuan , Rong Jiming , Anne Avani , Skirboll Stephen , Lim Michael , Wong Albert J.
Published: June 2021

Increasing proteasomal processing efficiency by targeted modification of a peptide vaccine improves survival in a glioblastoma model.
Population Analysis of Vibrio cholerae in Aquatic Reservoirs Reveals a Novel Sister Species (
Vibrio paracholerae
sp. nov.) with a History of Association with Humans
Authors: Islam Mohammad Tarequl , Nasreen Tania , Kirchberger Paul C. , Liang Kevin Y. H. , Orata Fabini D. , Johura Fatema-Tuz , Hussain Nora A. S. , Im Monica S. , Tarr Cheryl L. , Alam Munirul , Boucher Yann F.
Published: June 2021

Cholera continues to remain a major public health threat around the globe. Understanding the ecology, evolution, and environmental adaptation of the causative agent
Vibrio cholerae
and tracking the emergence of novel lineages with pathogenic potential are essential to combat the problem.
Geminivirus Betasatellite-Encoded βC1 Protein Exhibits Novel ATP Hydrolysis Activity That Influences Its DNA-Binding Activity and Viral Pathogenesis
Authors: Gnanasekaran Prabu , Gupta Neha , Ponnusamy Kalaiarasan , Chakraborty Supriya
Published: June 2021

Most satellites influence the pathogenesis of their helper viruses. Here, we characterized the novel molecular function of βC1, a nonstructural pathogenicity determinant protein encoded by a betasatellite.
Nervous Necrosis Virus Coat Protein Mediates Host Translation Shutoff through Nuclear Translocalization and Degradation of Polyadenylate Binding Protein
Authors: Cheng Chao-An , Luo Jia-Ming , Chiang Ming-Hsien , Fang Kuei-Yuan , Li Chen-Hung , Chen Chien-Wen , Wang Yung-Song , Chang Chi-Yao
Published: June 2021

Globally, more than 200 species of aquacultured and wild marine fish are susceptible to NNV infection. Devastating outbreaks of this virus have been responsible for massive economic damage in the aquaculture industry, but the molecular mechanisms by which NNV affects its host remain largely unclear.
The influence of pain, kinesiophobia and psychological comorbidities on the accuracy of rating of perceived exertion in UK military spinal rehabilitation
Authors: Conway Dean , Bliss A , Patterson S D
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability in the UK Military. Pain and psychological comorbidities have been reported to influence the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Exercise rehabilitation can be monitored using RPE; however, the accuracy of RPE in inpatient CLBP rehabilitation is unknown.

Methods

A prospective cohort correlation study of 40 UK Military inpatients with CLBP was completed. Disability (ODI), kinesiophobia (TSK), anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) were subjectively reported at the beginning and end of a 3 week intervention. Pain (VAS) and HR were recorded in the first aerobic exercise (AE) session (T1) and the final aerobic exercise session (T2). RPE was reported for each AE session.

Results

At T1, a positive correlation was observed between RPE accuracy (−7.2±20.9), and pre-exercise pain (2.7 mm ±1.6 mm) (p>0.001) and ODI (31.0±16.9) (p>0.05), and a negative relationship between RPE accuracy and average HR (135 bpm ±22 bpm) (p>0.001) was observed. At T2, there was no significant correlation between RPE accuracy (−4.4±22.6) and pre-exercise pain (2.8 mm ±1.6 mm) or ODI (34.0±16.5) (p>0.05). The strong negative relationship between RPE accuracy and average HR (137 bpm ±20 bpm) remained at T2. Improved RPE accuracy over the 3-week rehabilitation programme was correlated to the change in average HR (r=−0.314, p<0.05).

Conclusions

Comorbidities may negatively affect RPE accuracy in CLBP, but the magnitude of the influence reduces over intensive rehabilitation.
Examining novice anaesthesia trainee simulation performance: a tale of two clusters
Authors: Daly Guris Rodrigo J , Miller Christina R , Schiavi Adam , Toy Serkan
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Understanding performance differences between learners may provide useful context for optimising medical education. This pilot study aimed to explore a technique to contextualise performance differences through retrospective secondary analyses of two randomised controlled simulation studies. One study focused on speaking up (non-technical skill); the other focused on oxygen desaturation management (technical skill).

Methods

We retrospectively analysed data from two independent simulation studies conducted in 2017 and 2018. We used multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis to explore whether participants in each study formed homogenous performance clusters. We then used mixed-design analyses of variance and χ2 analyses to examine whether reported task load differences or demographic variables were associated with cluster membership.

Results

In both instances, a two-cluster solution emerged; one cluster represented trainees exhibiting higher performance relative to peers in the second cluster. Cluster membership was independent of experimental allocation in each of the original studies. There were no discernible demographic differences between cluster members. Performance differences between clusters persisted for at least 8 months for the non-technical skill but quickly disappeared following simulation training for the technical skill. High performers in speaking up initially reported lower task load than standard performers, a difference that disappeared over time. There was no association between performance and task load during desaturation management.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that cluster analysis can be used to objectively identify high-performing trainees for both a technical and a non-technical skill as observed in a simulated clinical setting. Non-technical skills may be more difficult to teach and retain than purely technical ones, and there may be an association between task load and initial non-technical performance. Further study is needed to understand what factors may confer inherent performance advantages, whether these advantages translate to clinical performance and how curricula can best be designed to drive targeted improvement for individual trainees.