bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular-genetic characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus. Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi
Authors: Lushchyk M. L. , Ameliyanovich M. D. , Tuzava H. A. , Mosse I. B. , Danilova L. I.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the prospects for studying polymorphic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor genes (PPARs) of three types (PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ) in diabetes mellitus (DM), taking into account their key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lipid characteristics and glycemia control. The main emphasis is on the use of screening methods for testing patients for carriage of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in order to improve approaches to identifying risk groups for the formation of DM and associated diseases, and subsequent personification of corrective measures. The clinical, laboratory and molecular genetic characteristics of groups of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, healthy volunteers are presented. The prevalence of SNPs in the genes of receptors activated by the peroxisome proliferator in patients with DM was studied in comparison with the control group. Among the evaluated SNPs of the rs135551 gene, PPARA showed the clearest association with the presence of DM. Four variants of haplotypes highly associated with DM1 and DM2 were identified. The expediency of further clarification of the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of cases of diabetes within the DM1 and DM2 groups is discussed. The prospects of this direction for the development of preventive technologies in diabetology, long-term epidemiological molecular genetic screenings are assessed.
Fundamental theorem of asset pricing: a strengthened version and а martingale measures search area
Authors: Lebedev A. V. , Romashchenko G. S. , Zabreiko P. P.
Published: May 2022

In the article a strengthened version of the ’Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing’ for a one-period market model is proven. The principal role in this result is played by total and nonanihilating cones.
Features of the brassinosteroid effect on plants under salt stress
Authors: Laman N. A. , Kem K. R. , Anikeev V. I. , Zhabinskii V. N. , Khripach N. B.
Published: May 2022

The dependence of the protective effect of brassinosteroids (BS) in a wide range of concentrations on the growth of the root system of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings under salt stress was studied. A narrow range of BS concentrations was revealed, in which they cause a weakening of the inhibitory effect of salinity on the root system of seedlings. An almost complete coincidence of the BS concentration ranges was noted, in which the maximum stress-protective effect of phytohormones was observed for the both crops (6,9 ⋅ 10–7–5,9 ⋅ 10–8 М for fiber flax and 2,8 ⋅ 10–7–2,4 ⋅ 10–8 М for spring barley). In the experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which lasted 19 days, already on the 6th day before the seedlings were placed under stress conditions, the elongation of the seedlings treated with exogenous brassinosteroids was noted. By the end of the experiment (in the second leaf unfolding phase), all brassinosteroids showed a pronounced protective-stimulating effect under the salinity conditions that depended on the chemical structure of the hormone and changed in the brassinolide > homobrassinolide > homocastasterone > epibrassinolide series.
Development of a marketing system for agricultural products in Belarus based on a logistic approach
Authors: Kosova A. L.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of a scientific study on the development of recommendations for the development of a marketing system for agricultural products, taking into account world experience. The advantages of sales logistics have been substantiated through the formation of an effective organizational and economic model of the agrologistic system, the quality and complexity of the provision of logistics services, the expansion of outsourcing, e-commerce, advertising and exhibition and information and communication technologies.
The general issues of commercialization of scientific and scientific-technical activities results in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Kovtunov A. V. , Tsuba A. V.
Published: May 2022

The article reveals the content of closed and open innovation models, their main advantages and disadvantages during implementation into production. The particular features of “commercialization” definitions are analyzed as well as the interpretation of the thesis “commercialization of the results of scientific and scientific-technical activities” in modern conditions is substantiated.
State support of agricultural organizations in the sphere of crediting
Authors: Ryabova S. S.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of a scientific study on the provision of state assistance to agricultural organizations in the field of lending. The experience of the USA in the creation and functioning of a system of lending to farms, including in the context of the financial crisis, has been studied. The activity of the Asset Management Agency as an institution for restructuring bad debts in Belarus is analyzed. Taking into account world practice, promising directions have been developed to reduce the credit burden of agricultural organizations of the republic.
Archetypes of images of nonlinear architecture: randomness or conscious assimilation
Authors: Zakharyna Yu. Yu.
Published: May 2022

For the first time in art history the problem of the appeal of architects of the digital era to the reconstruction of images of objects of the organic world through nonlinear shaping is raised. The aim of the research is to establish the archetypal nature of the images of nonlinear architecture through the essence of the phenomenon of sporadicity and conscious choice. It is revealed on the basis of the author’s artistic and figurative concept, which represents architecture as a symbiosis of phenomenological, procedural (evolutionary) and reproduced existences. The methodological basis is provided by the scientific works of scientists in the field of art and architecture (F. Johnson, A. Vidler, P. Schumacher, I. Dobritsyna, I. Azizyan, E. Lapshina, E. Sokolova, A. Shamruk). Through the prism of retrospection and comparative analysis, the architects aspirations to imitate the objects of the surrounding reality in the forms and structures of structures are revealed. The author substantiates the premeditation and randomness in the modeling of images of nonlinear architecture as a result of synthetic architecture. It is concluded that in appealing to the prototypes of real reality, the architect of the digital age acted as the creator of the beautiful, designed in the image and likeness of nature.
APPLICATION OF THE LURR METHOD TO STUDY SEISMICITY OF THE SOUTHERN KURIL ISLANDS
Authors:   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zakupin A.S. , Andreeva M.Yu. ,   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

An approach is proposed for the analysis of seismic sequences for the Southern Kuril Islands by the load/unload response ratio (LURR) method. Optimal parameters for carrying out calculations were chosen using a circular area, the center of which was the epicenter of the Shikotan earthquake of October 4, 1994. Calculations were carried out for two more earthquakes of August 11, 1969 and March 24, 1978, which were the strongest in the last century. In all cases, anomalies in the LURR parameter were found several years before the earthquakes. To test the stability of the anomalies, several zones were investigated near the epicenters of the tested events. The anomalies were demonstrated to be unstable, that is, they can appear at different times or disappear altogether. The forecast efficiency was tested on the epicentral region of the Shikotan earthquake for the period 1965–2020. During this period, six anomalies were recorded, five of which preceded earthquakes with a magnitude of mb ≥ 6.5 that either occurred in immediate vicinity or were included in the calculated area, as well as one false alarm and a missed target.
CHANGES IN THE MINERAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SILLS WHEN INTRUDING INTO THE SEDIMENTARY COVER, GUAYMAS BASIN, GULF OF CALIFORNIA (DSDP WELLS 477, 477А, 478, 481/481А)
Authors:   Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurnosov V.B. , Konovalov Yu.I. ,   Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2022

In the Guaymas Basin of the Gulf of California, changes in the mineral and chemical composition of sills of different thicknesses were studied in hydrothermal systems, which formed during the intrusion of hot sills into highly porous young (Pleistocene) cold sediments filled with seawater. Holes DSDP 477 and 477A were drilled in the high heat flow area and Holes 478 and 481/481A in the low heat flow area. Thick sills from Holes 477, 477A, and 478 (47 m, 30 m and 112 m, respectively) are fresh or very weakly altered mainly due to the fact that practically no water released from the host Pleistocene sediments during their heating penetrated into the sills. Olivine, whose content is small in these sills (a few percent) is unaltered. In mesostasis, the amount of which is also a few percent, there are clay minerals. The high heat flow in the area of Holes 477 and 477A (1250 mW/m2) did not change the unfavorable situation for changes in the mineral and chemical composition of the thick sills without water entering them. Thin sills with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.65 m and sills with a relatively small thickness of 1.2 to 4.5 m, which were intersected in Holes 478 and 481/481A are altered. They are fractured and therefore favorable for the penetration of water released from the heated sediments. In addition, in these sills a large volume is occupied by mesostasis (mainly from 18 to 45 %, in some samples from 53 to 70 %) replaced to varying degrees by clay minerals. Olivine is often completely replaced by clay minerals. In thin basalt sills, their alteration strongly decreases K contents. In some cases, the content of Mn, Mg, P, Na, and Ti decreases in them insignificantly. The low heat flow measured in the areas where Holes 478 and 481/481A (150 and 165 mW/m2) were drilled indicates that mineral and chemical changes in the thin sills occurred without heat and mass input from the convective long-lived hydrothermal systems.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL E TABACO ENTRE ALUNOS DE MEDICINA E ODONTOLOGIA
Authors: Teixeira Andrade Jéssica , Mostaro de Aguiar Campos Aline , Rosal Dantas Disconsi de Sá Isadora , SILVEIRA FERNANDA , Piton Serra Kátia
Published: May 2022

Introdução: O consumo de álcool e tabaco é um problema mundial com poucos dados entre estudantes da saúde. Objetivos: Delinear perfil de consumo de álcool e tabaco entre estudantes de Campinas. Metodologia: Estudo de corte transversal com alunos de graduação e pós graduação em medicina e odontologia da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic – Campinas. Utilizados os questionários FTND para tabagismo; CAGE e AUDIT para etilismo. Resultados: Entrevistadas 199 pessoas: 48,2% graduandos, 51,8% pós-graduandos, com 69,35% mulheres e 30,65% homens; 12% fumantes consumindo em média 10,25 cigarros/dia e 10 anos/maço, 58,3% já tentaram parar e 50% querem cessar o tabagismo. 97% já experimentaram e 83,4% consumiam álcool no momento da entrevista; 69,4% deram o primeiro gole entre 14-17 anos e 45% já tentaram diminuir ou cortar a bebida. Não houve diferença entre os gêneros para tabagismo (p=0,08) nem para etilismo (p=0,64). Conclusão: A prevalência do uso de álcool e tabaco entre os estudantes de medicina e odontologia evidencia a necessidade de projetos de educação em saúde focados nesta população.
MODUL PERSPEKTIF GLOBAL & PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Nawawi Ardianto
Published: May 2022

Modul Perspektif Global & Problematika Pendidikan ini disusun sebagai bahanajar bagi mahasiswa di lembaga pendidikan tenaga kependidikan(LPTK). Penguasaanterhadap materi buku ini diharapkan memberi mahasiswa kemampuan untukmelaksanakan pembelajaran yang ideal. Penulis menyadari, bahwa di dalam buku inimungkin saja masih terdapat kekurangan dan ketidaksempurnaan. Untuk itu masukandari pembaca demi perbaikan buku ini di masa yang akan datang sangat diharapkan.Kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan buku ini penulisucapkan terima kasih. Kiranya karya ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada pembaca, danmenorehkan secercah manfaat bagi peningkatan kualitas mahasiswa sebagai calonpendidik yang profesional.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 16 residing within FLYWCH1 distinguishes patients with luminal A breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including the most common subtype luminal A drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs4785920, residing within FLYWCH1, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal A breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal A subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a FLYWCH1 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that FLYWCH1 primary tumor expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in human breast cancer. Sequence variation in the FLYWCH1 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal A subtype human breast cancer.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 16 residing within CRYM distinguishes patients with luminal A breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including the most common subtype luminal A drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs7194883, residing within CRYM, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal A breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal A subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a CRYM transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that CRYM primary tumor expression was correlated with distant metastasis-free survival in patients with luminal B subtype breast cancer. Sequence variation in the CRYM gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal A subtype human breast cancer.
ĐẦU TƯ TỪ NƯỚC NGOÀI VÀ NGUY CƠ BỊ THÂU TÓM CỦA CÁC THƯƠNG HIỆU VIỆT
Authors: Hạnh Nguyễn Mỹ
Published: May 2022

ĐẦU TƯ TỪ NƯỚC NGOÀI VÀ NGUY CƠ BỊ THÂU TÓM CỦA CÁC THƯƠNG HIỆU VIỆT
A Perspective on Free Will, Neuroscience and Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Gadda Navjot Singh
Published: May 2022

In a nutshell the assumption of free-will consists in the view that every decision making process within the brain occurs unconsciously and autonomously whereas consciousness is seen as the result of this unconscious free-will manifesting self-awareness and reflecting itself about its own processes. As a consequence it appears as if one has at least some level of control over his own decisions -- although whether this is true or not is debatable on various theoretical grounds.
Regulating gambling-like video game loot boxes: a public health framework comparing industry self-regulation, existing national legal approaches, and other potential approaches
Authors: Xiao Leon Y. , Henderson Laura L. , Nielsen Rune , Newall Philip Warren Stirling
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review: Loot boxes are gambling-like monetisation mechanics in video games that are purchased for opportunities to obtain randomised in-game rewards. Gambling regulation is increasingly being informed by insights from public health. Despite conceptual similarities between loot boxes and gambling, there is much less international consensus on loot box regulation. Various approaches to regulating loot boxes are reviewed via a public health framework that highlights various trade- offs between individual liberties and harm prevention.Recent findings: Many countries have considered regulation, but as yet only a few countries have taken tangible actions. Existing regulatory approaches vary greatly. More restrictively, Belgium has effectively ‘banned’ paid loot boxes and prohibits their sale to both children and adults. In contrast, more liberally, China only requires disclosure of the probabilities of obtaining potential rewards to provide transparency and perhaps help players to make more informed purchasing decisions. Most other countries (e.g., the UK) have adopted a ‘wait-and-watch’ approach by neither regulating loot box sales nor providing any dedicated consumer protection response. Industry self-regulation has also been adopted, although this appears to elicit lower rates of compliance than comparable national legal regulation.Summary: Many potential public health approaches to loot box regulation, such as expenditure limits or harm-reducing modifications to loot box design (e.g., fairer reward structures), deserve further attention. Existing interventions (including varying degrees of regulation, as adopted by different countries, and industry self- regulation), both in terms of compliance and clinical benefits, should be further assessed. The current international variation in loot box regulation presents opportunities to compare the merits of different approaches over time.
DEVELOPING A MARKETING VIDEO FOR UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM USING MULTIMEDIA DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE METHOD
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

Universitas Internasional Batam (UIB) provides international programs for their students but there are only a handful of students that are well-informed about it. This project is designed to solve the problem faced by UIB regarding students’ minimal understanding, desire and interest towards the international program. Objective of this project is to create a video using Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method that not only can act as a marketing tool to promote the international program, but also a media that can pique the students’ interest, provide information and educate them about what international program actually is. The output of this project will be a video presenting life of UIB’s students that have joined the international program and UIB’s contact information. This project will be implemented on UIB’s website and social media in an .mp4 file format.
An Examination of Gender and Sexual Orientation Bias in Personality Pathology Diagnosis
Authors: Assaad Lily , Samuel Douglas B
Published: May 2022

In addition to replicating examinations of gender bias in the diagnosis of all cluster B personality disorders (PDs), this is the first study to examine the extent to which patient sexual orientation biases the diagnosis of antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic PDs as well as whether or not such sexual orientation bias differs by patient gender. Furthermore, this study is the first to examine how such gender and sexual orientation biases are moderated by (1) the model of personality pathology used (i.e., traditional DSM vs. dimensional Alternate Model of Personality Disorders [AMPD]) and (2) measurement specificity (i.e., global PD measurement vs. symptom-level measurement). To undertake these examinations, it utilized a vignette describing a patient whose gender identification (man or woman) and sexual orientation (heterosexual or gay/lesbian) were experimentally manipulated. Clinicians (N=435) were randomly assigned to examine one of the resultant four vignettes, after which they each completed three measures of personality pathology. Though there was evidence of gender bias, such bias was twice-to-four times as weak as gender bias found in past similar studies. There was no evidence of significant diagnostic bias based on patient sexual orientation and sexual orientation bias did not differ by patient gender. Broadly, neither gender nor sexual orientation bias was moderated by the model of personality pathology underlying the measures used, by the specificity with which the pathology was measured, or by clinician characteristics (i.e., age, gender, sexual orientation, licensure status, race). Results suggest a decrease in gender and sexual orientation bias within experimental contexts relative to that which was found by prior studies. Further examinations should elucidate the mechanisms moderating diagnostic bias.
Motor memory reactivation: Brief practice makes perfect
Authors: Johnson Brian , Tomlin Kylie B , Censor Nitzan , Cohen Leonardo G , Westlake Kelly P
Published: May 2022

Motor skills are practiced to retain and transfer to task variations and different environments. Here we report that, contrary to the adage that more practice is better, long-term reactivation of a motor memory with as little as one trial leads to comparable retention as more trials, while too few trials or too many trials impair transfer to the non-trained hand. Results may impact practice scheduling in sport, music, and rehabilitation.
Expectations about precision bias metacognition and awareness
Authors: Olawole-Scott Helen , Yon Daniel
Published: May 2022

Bayesian models of the mind suggest that we estimate the reliability or ‘precision’ of incoming sensory signals to guide perceptual inference and to construct feelings of confidence or uncertainty about what we are perceiving. However, accurately estimating precision is likely to be challenging for bounded systems like the brain. One way observers could overcome this challenge is to form expectations about the precision of their perceptions and use these expectations to guide metacognition and awareness. Here we test this possibility. Participants made perceptual decisions about visual motion stimuli, while providing confidence ratings (Exps 1 and 2) or ratings of subjective visibility (Exp 3). In each experiment, participants acquired probabilistic expectations about the likely strength of upcoming signals. We found these expectations about precision altered metacognition and awareness – with participants feeling more confident and stimuli appearing more vivid when stronger sensory signals were expected, without concomitant changes in objective perceptual performance. Computational modelling revealed that this effect could be well-explained by a predictive learning model that infers the precision (strength) of current signals as a weighted-combination of incoming evidence and top-down expectation. These results support an influential but untested tenet of Bayesian models of cognition: suggesting that agents do not only ‘read out’ the reliability of information arriving at their senses, but also take into account prior knowledge about how reliable or ‘precise’ different sources of information are likely to be. This reveals that expectations about precision exert a powerful influence on how the sensory world appears and how much we trust our senses.
Supporting men or male privilege? Women’s progressive and reactionary collective action for men
Authors: Mikolajczak Gosia , Becker Julia C.
Published: May 2022

Collective action for other groups, such as men’s action for women, has usually been analysed as social protest advancing equality of disadvantaged groups. In the current research, we extend collective action literature by applying SIMCA predictors—identity, injustice, efficacy— to investigate action in support of an advantaged group (women’s action for men) and by distinguishing its progressive and reactionary forms. Across three online samples of women (Study 1: N = 1,825 US; Study 2: N = 679 UK; Study 3: N = 429 US), we show that support for reactionary action reinforcing male privilege is associated with outgroup identification and outgroup injustice. Conversely, progressive action supporting men in adopting egalitarian gender roles is associated with outgroup identification, outgroup-focused efficacy, and ingroup injustice. Importantly, some of these associations depend on the content of outgroup-focused variables. We discuss the implications of our findings for collective action and gender research.
Pengantar Ilmu Manajemen
Authors: Amri Syaiful , Hafizin  , Fariantin Erviva , Endrawati Budiani Fitria , Viana Putrissa Amnel , Tabun Melkianus Albin , Fajariah Faizatul , Mulyadi Didi , Sudarni Adiek Astika Clara , Ramadhani Indi , Satriawan  , Nursanty Ida Ayu , Syakbani Baehaki , Wulandari Ria
Published: May 2022

Manajemen merupakan sebuah disiplin ilmu yang cukup kompleks, dimana turunan dari setiao unsurnya akan membawa kepada kategori ilmu manajemen yang lain, seperti manajemen keorganisasian, manajemen keuangan, manajemen operasional, manajemen perbankan, manajemen komunikasi, dan lain sebagainya. Buku ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai konsep ilmu manajemen dasar agar nantinya pembaca dapat beranjak mempelajari cabang ilmu manajemen lain yang lebih kompleks.
Effect Of Plant Densities And Fertilizer Rates On Grain Yield Of Spring Maize In Inner Terai Condition
Authors: Marahatta Santosh
Published: May 2022

To improve the yield of spring season maize in the inner terai of Nepal, the effect of increasing fertilizer levels for increasing planting densities on growth, yield attributes, and yield of open-pollinated maize variety were analyzed through the field experimentation in 2019. The treatments included factorial combinations of three planting densities, (a) 55556/ha, (b) 66667/ha, and (c) 83333/ha; and four fertilizers levels (research-based recommendation i.e., 120:60:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha, 144:72:48 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha, 180:90:60 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha, and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) based nutrient expert model recommendation i.e., 140:40:40 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha) arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Data on growth, yield attributes, and yield were analyzed by using R Studio. Growth was higher under the highest planting density and higher fertilizer levels applied treatments. The higher (p<0.05) heat use efficiency was recorded under the highest planting density and the higher levels of fertilizer application. The final plant population was 5.33% lower in the plant density of 55556/ha, 8.8 and 15.7% lower respectively for plant densities of 66667/ha and 83333/ha. Both the barrenness and sterility percentage were higher (p<0.05) for the highest planting densities and the lowest for the lowest plant density. Higher (p<0.05) number of kernels per cobs were recorded in the lowest plant density and the highest amount of fertilizer application. For the lowest and the highest plant densities, the leaf area index increased the grain yield whereas longer grain filling duration and less amount of barrenness and sterility increased (p<0.05) the grain yield for all plant densities. The final number of plant populations was the most important parameter to increase (p<0.05) the yield under lower plant density whereas the number of kernels per row or cob was the most important attribute to increase (p<0.05) the yield of maize under higher plant density. Due to a higher (p<0.05) number of final plant populations and comparable yield attributes, the grain yield of the highest planting density was significantly (p<0.05) higher. From the significant (p<0.05) quadratic response of plant density on the grain yield, a density of 102,950 /ha was estimated as optimum. The increased in amount of fertilizers (144:72:48 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha, 180:90:60 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha) gave higher grain yield. The plant densities of 66667/ha and 83333/ha were better whereas the present recommended dose of N: P2O5:K2O should be increased or need-based SSNM must be adopted to obtain the more profits from open-pollinated spring maize under the central inner Terai.
Review On Scope And Challenges Of Direct Seeded Rice In Nepal
Authors: Adhikari BB
Published: May 2022

Rice is an important staple food crop of more than half of the population in the world to provide food security and livelihoods. Imminent water crisis due to climate change, water demanding nature of traditionally cultivated rice, increasing scarcity of labor and escalating labor costs drive the search for alternative management methods to increase water productivity, system sustainability and profitability in rice cultivation. Direct seeded rice (DSR) technique has received much attention and popularity nowadays because of its low-input demanding nature that can mitigate emission of green-house gases and adaption to climatic risks. DSR involves sowing of dry seed into a prepared seedbed, pre-germinated seed into a puddled soil surface and standing water. The development of early maturing varieties and use of efficient nutrient management practices along with increased adoption of integrated weed management techniques have encouraged many farmers to switch from transplanted to DSR culture. DSR technology is highly mechanized in some developed countries like USA, Australia, Japan, China, Korea etc. This shift from traditional rice to DSR will substantially reduce crop water requirements, soil organic-matter turnover, enhanced nutrient management, carbon sequestration, weed management, greenhouse-gas emissions and enhance crop intensification. However, weed and nematode infestation, blast, panicle sterility, lack of suitable varieties for DSR and lodging are major challenges. Based on existing evidences, this paper reviews the integrated package of technologies for DSR, potential advantages and challenges associated with it.
Effect Of Weed Management Practices On Weed Dynamics, Yield And Economics Of Spring Maize At Dhading Besi, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bhimsen , Sah Shrawan Kumar , Marasini D. , Kafle K.R. , Bista H.B.
Published: May 2022

Weeds have been a major constraint in maize cultivation resulting in huge economic loss to farmers. A field experiment was conducted at Dhading Besi, Nepal to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices on weed dynamics, yield and economics of spring maize in 2020. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of eight treatments with three replications. Rajkumar hybrid maize variety was used in the experiment. The treatments consisted of weedy check, weed free, atrazine as PE @1.0 kg a.i./ha, pendimethalin as PE @1.0 kg a.i./ha, atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as PE followed by (fb) 2,4-D EE @0.5 kg a.i./ha as PoE, pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as PE fb 2,4-D EE @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha as PoE, 2 hand weeding @ 20 and 40 DAS and Farmer’s practice. The experiment result revealed that sequential application of atrazine fb 2,4-D EE treatment resulted in highest grain yield (11.37 t/ha) which was statistically similar with weed free (11.24 t/ha) and followed by the treatment atrazine (10.36 t/ha). 16 weed species belonging to 6 different families were identified. The broad leaf weeds and grassy weeds were more prominent than sedges. The total density and dry weight of weeds were found significantly lower in sequential application of atrazine fb 2,4-D EE than other treatments. Similarly, application of atrazine fb 2,4-D EE resulted in maximum weed control efficiency of 87.59 %, 95.91 % and 92.17% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS respectively. The lowest weed index (-1.27%) was also obtained in the application of atrazine fb 2,4-D EE. Yield loss due to weed in the weedy check treatment was found to be 50.99% followed by farmer’s practice (43.17%). The benefit cost ratio and increment in benefit over weedy check were highest in atrazine fb 2,4-D EE followed by atrazine and significantly better than other weed management treatments. The sequential application of atrazine fb 2,4- D EE was found to be the most effective in controlling weeds, high yielding and economical among the different weed control treatments. The application of atrazine one time as PE was found to be next better option for weed control in spring maize.
Performance Of Rice Varieties And Nitrogen Levels Under Aerobic Condition In Eastern Terai
Authors: Joshi Parbati , Manandhar S. , Dangal N.K. , Paneru P. , Sunuwar S.
Published: May 2022

An experiment was conducted for two years (2016 – 2017) to evaluate the performance of rice varieties and nitrogen level under aerobic conditions in the Regional Agriculture Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari Nepal. The treatments were two varieties of rice (Sukhkhadhan 3 and Sukhkhadhan 6) and five levels of Nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) which was assigned in a split-plot design with three replications. The varieties were treated as the main factor and nitrogen levels were assigned as a sub-plot factor. In both years, the plant height, number of tillers per meter square, panicle number per meter square, panicle length, filled grains, thousand grain weights were recorded. All the recorded values of these paremeters were remarkably same with the application of 120:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha and application of 90:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha. The grain yields of 3.47 t/ha (2016) and 4.77 t/ha (2017) and straw yields of 7.65 t/ha (2016) and 7.44 t/ha (2017) were recorded with the application of 120:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha which found statistically at par with the application of 90:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha in both years. Furthermore, grain yield of Sukhkhadhan 3 (3.46 t/ha) remained statistically similar with that of Sukhkhadhan 6 (3.38 t/ha).
Effect Of Innovative Nutrient Management Practices On Performance Of Maize And Wheat Under Different Tillage Methods In Rice-Based Cropping System
Authors: Dulal PR , Marahatta Santosh , Sah Shrawan Kumar , Joshi P.P.
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient management practices on the performance of subsequent wheat and maize in the rice-based cropping system at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during November 2018-May 2019. The experiment was executed in a split-plot for evaluating two establishment methods viz. (i) zero tillage followed after (fa) conventionally tilled dry direct seeded rice ( ZT fa CT-DDSR) (ii) conventional tillage followed after puddled transplanted rice (CT fa Pu-TPR) and four nutrient management practices, i.e. (i) recommended dose (100% RDF; 80:60:40 and 180:90:60 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha for wheat and maize respectively), (ii) Residue retention of rice crop @ 5 t/ha + 75% RDF (RR +75% RDF), (iii) Nutrient expert (NE) dose (140:60:45; 150:50:90 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha for wheat and maize respectively), (iv) Rice residue @ 3.5 t/ha +75% RDF of each crop followed after brown/green manuring of Sesbania in rice (R+75% RDF fa BM/GM) and the treatments were replicated thrice. The data on yield (rice equivalent yield), yield attributes, and economics were recorded and analyzed by R studio. The study revealed that none of the yield attributes and rice equivalent yield of wheat were significantly influenced by the tillage methods but maize had significantly higher number of grains per cob under CT fa Pu-TPR and significantly higher (8.9%) yield under ZT fa CT-DDSR. NE assisted nutrient management practice produced significantly a greater number of spike (281.9 per m2 ) and grains per spike (44.5 and higher straw yield (5.9 t/ha) for wheat crop and also showed better performance for maize as well. Maize had yield advantage of 21% and 14% when planted after BM/GM practices in rice and residue mulched condition respectively. The rice equivalent yield of wheat was 21% and 16% more under NE dose and R+75% RDF fa BM/GM respectively compared to 100% RDF. NE dose was the most profitable in terms of B:C ratio for both the wheat (1.9) and maize (3.0). Hence, tillage methods were indifferent for wheat but ZT fa CT-DDSR was significantly productive for maize and NE dose was the best nutrient management practice for better productivity and profitability for the wheat and maize in the rice-based cropping system in inner Terai of Nepal.
Effect Of Leguminous Winter Cover Crops On Soil Fertility And Yield Of Summer Maize
Authors: Rijal B , Pandey KR , Shah SC , Chaudhary NK
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted at IAAS agronomy farm, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from Nov. 2012 to Aug. 2013 to improve soil fertility and production of maize through the inclusion of leguminous winter cover crops in the cropping system. The experiment was conducted for two seasons in single factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications. Five N fixing legume crops: chickpea (Cicer arietinum), garden pea (Pisum sativum var. sativum), field pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense), lentil (Lens culinaris) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus); one N fixing legume fodder: Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum); one non-fixing legume: rajma bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); and maize (as a control) were cultivated in the first season and on the following season maize was cultivated in all plots after incorporating former crop residues. Rajma bean covered the highest area at an early stage but field pea and grass pea covered the maximum land area at a later stage. The highest dry matter production (2.32 t/ha) and nitrogen content in residues (2.57%) were obtained from lentil. Cultivation of leguminous winter cover crops had no significant effect on soil parameters. However, the incorporation of legume residues had significant effects on organic matter content, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in soils. The highest soil organic matter (3.03%) and total nitrogen (0.15%) was observed from field pea plots while the highest available phosphorus (36.00 kg/ha) was from berseem plots. Legumes cultivation and their residues incorporation into the soil had significant effects on grain, straw and dry matter yields of succeeding maize crop. Grain (3.92 t/ha), straw (5.39 t/ha) and dry matter (9.31 t/ha) yields were the highest from lentil plots while the lowest grain (2.51 t/ha), straw (3.96 t/ha) and dry matter (6.48 t/ha) from control plots. Total nitrogen uptake by maize was significant and it was the highest (141.90 kg/ha) from lentil plots and the lowest (109.80 kg/ha) from control plots. Cultivation of lentil in the winter produced satisfactory land coverage and incorporation of its residues into the soil was the best for improving soil fertility and succeeding maize yield under the Chitwan condition of Nepal.
Problem obumarcia państwa w myśli twórców marksizmu a istnienie państwa sowieckiego Kilka uwag o powstaniu klasy panującej w socjalizmie
Authors: Mażewski Lech
Published: May 2022

Idea komunizmu zawierała obietnicę, że wystarczyło jedynie znieść własność prywatną, uczynić państwo podmiotem zarządzającym w sposób scentralizowany środkami produkcji i samoczynnie nastąpi obumarcie państwa.  A przecież już XIX-wieczni anarchiści, głównie Michał A. Bakunin, ostrzegali, że próba realizacji tego projektu musi zakończyć się ustanowieniem wszechogarniającej despotii. Jednak Karol Marks i Fryderyk Engels do końca życia pozostali przywiązani do swojego komunistycznego ideału, bo na poły religijne rojenia utopistów zwyciężyły u nich nad mozolnym wysiłkiem badaczy, próbujących zrozumieć ludzką historię. W takiej sytuacji twórcy marksizmu artykułowaliby nieświadomie ideologiczne uzasadnienie interesu kasty zawodowych rewolucjonistów, przyszłych władców komunistycznej utopii, będąc w efekcie fundatorami istnienia nowej klasy panującej, właściwej dla państwa socjalistycznego.
Walentego Fojkisa opracowanie „Zagadnienia gmin zbiorowych” dla Rządu RP na uchodźstwie z 1943 roku
Authors: Graczyk Konrad
Published: May 2022

Artykuł poświęcono emigracyjnemu opracowaniu „Zagadnienia gmin zbiorowych” dla Rządu RP na uchodźstwie z 1943 r. autorstwa Walentego Fojkisa. Omówiono sylwetkę autora studium, konstrukcję opracowania oraz poszczególne rozważania autora, w których skupił się on na wyborze najkorzystniejszego z punktu widzenia własnych doświadczeń ustroju podstawowej jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Wbrew tytułowi studium rekomendował on nie gminy zbiorowe, ale gminy jednostkowe posiłkujące się związkami celowymi jako najlepszy fundament dla przyszłego samorządu terytorialnego Polski.
Rozważania na temat badań Michała Staszkowa i Edwarda Szymoszka na Uniwersytecie Śląskim w Katowicach
Authors: Glück Michał
Published: May 2022

W okresie 1968-2018 badaniem prawa rzymskiego na Uniwersytecie Śląskim w Katowicach zajmowali się między innymi Michał Staszków oraz Edward Szymoszek. Uczeni nie tylko byli pierwszymi wykładowcami tego przedmiotu na Wydziale Prawa i Administracji w Katowicach, ale także w okresie swej kariery naukowej przyczynili się do poszerzenia wiedzy w zakresie tej dziedziny. 

Michał Staszków w zakresie prawa rzymskiego badał proces rzymski, a jego najpopularniejszymi dziełami z tej tematyki są artykuły: Vindicta, Vindex oraz praca monograficzną „Vim dicere”. Studia nad genezą procesu rzymskiego. Natomiast co do drugiego z uczonych to podstawie twórczości Edwarda Szymoszka możemy stwierdzić, że obiektem jego zainteresowań była szkoła glosatorów oraz proces rzymski z naciskiem na status sędziego. 

Przez pięćdziesiąt lat istnienia Wydziału Prawa i Administracji w Katowicach obu romanistów wywarło bez wątpienia istotny wpływ na rozwój prawa rzymskiego. Uczonych łączył nie tylko fakt wykładania prawa rzymskiego ale także ich zainteresowania. W dalszym okresie swej kariery Edward Szymoszek dokonał wnikliwej analizy dzieł Michała Staszkowa, a działalność jego poprzednika miała wpływ na ukierunkowanie jego późniejszych badań w dziedzinie procesu.
Understanding risk and protective factors of injuries: Insights from Canadian recruits during basic military training
Authors: Guérin Eva , Laplante Joelle
Published: May 2022

LAY SUMMARY

Injuries are a common occurrence during basic military training. These injuries have the potential to influence recruits’ health and performance throughout their military careers. This study examined various factors that can influence the health of Canadian recruits during basic training and their chances of experiencing an injury. Open-ended survey responses were collected at the end of basic military training from 1,540 recruits. Several factors — including poor nutrition, aspects of physical training (frequency, intensity), apprehension regarding obtaining medical attention, and not enough rest — may be important considerations when developing injury prevention strategies for this population.
PROPÓSITO DE LA SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL “CASO QUIMPER” Y LA LIBERTAD DE INFORMACIÓN
Authors: Gonzales Ojeda Magdiel
Published: May 2022

Según aparece del expediente Nº 00655-2010-PHC/TC., doña Carmen Luisa Castro Barrera de Químper, interpuso demanda de hábeas corpus a favor de su esposo don Alberto Químper Herrera, solicitando que se declare nulo el auto de apertura de instrucción de fecha 21 de octubre de 2008, emitido en el Expediente Nº 107-2008, por el Tercer Juzgado Especial de Lima, y que, en consecuencia se ordene dictar un auto denegando la instrucción. Fundamenta su pedido afirmando que el auto de apertura de instrucción viola el derecho al debido proceso de su esposo y señala que la calificación de los ilícitos penales atribuidos a su esposo se fundamenta en pruebas obtenidas con afectación de su derecho al secreto y a la inviolabilidad de las comunicaciones, (artículo 2.10 de la Constitución).
JÓVENES EN EL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Linares Delgado Patricia Giuiliana
Published: May 2022

La política es una actividad humana, intersubjetiva, por la cual las personas participan en los asuntos de su comunidad. Está presente desde tiempos que se remontan a la antigua Grecia, en donde los pobladores de la Polis se preocupaban por los asuntos concernientes al Estado. La política en aquella época era considerada como un arte, sin embargo, en nuestros tiempos, este concepto ha cambiado.
TENTATIVA INIDONEA O DELITO IMPOSIBLE
Authors: Gil Nuñez Juan Antonio
Published: May 2022

Dentro de las conductas humanas se encuentra el delito, el mismo que se encuentra ividido en distintas fases que contiene el Iter Criminis. Podríamos mencionar que inicialmente se encuentra un punto de inicio, ideación y actos preparatorios al evento a realizarse y finalmente un resultado que incurra en un determinado tipo. Sin embargo, en el proceso intermedio existen circunstancias que interrumpen la acción que se plantea  realizar y que aparecen por causas accidentales, voluntarias o naturales. Es así como el “fracaso” del acto y la no consumación se traducen a la denominada tentativa.
ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DE LA FORMACIÓN Y EJERCICIO DE LA ABOGACÍA EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: MENESES SOTOMAYOR María Cristina
Published: May 2022

¿Es la sobreoferta de profesionales de abogacía, una justa causa para limitar la libertad de escoger profesión, en base a la vocación (aptitudes intelectuales, éticas y físicas), limitando nuevos ingresos en Escuelas de Derecho a nivel nacional y emprender en campañas publicitarias67 que pretenden desvalorizar una de las profesiones más tradicionales y nobles de la humanidad? ¿O será acaso que en un trabajo conjunto estatal y privado, se debe motivar a los nuevos profesionales al perfeccionamiento, entendido como un proceso de conocimientos integrales a través de las especializaciones y posgrados que les permita hacer frente a las demandas laborales con una mayor autonomía y efectividad? El presente artículo está orientado a analizar aspectos básicos como el derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, la vocación, el derecho y la abogacía en las pasadas, presentes y futuras generaciones, el abogado como defensor y mediador al servicio de la comunidad, generador de conocimiento y nuevas interpretaciones que contribuyan la realización de los ideales constitucionales de libertad y justicia.
TRAGEDIA DE LA PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL (I): UNA ERRÓNEA ASIGNACIÓN DE TITULARIDADES
Authors: Huarag Guerrero Enrico
Published: May 2022

En 2004, Google Inc. inició un proyecto de escaneado de libros que buscaba convertirse en la mayor biblioteca mundial. Sin embargo, problemas con los derechos de autor de las denominadas “obras huérfanas” se convirtieron en verdaderos obstáculos que terminaron por paralizar el proyecto y convertirlo en el actual Google Books
EFICIENCIA DE LOS MEDIOS ALTERNATIVOS O ADECUADOS DE RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS FRENTE AL SISTEMA PROCESAL CIVIL
Authors: Francisckovic Ingunza Beatriz , Torres Angulo Carlos
Published: May 2022

Don Francisco Ramos Méndez empieza su extraordinaria obra El Sistema procesal español señalando que: “Todo el sistema procesal, el punto central y el punto de partida de él debe tener a la persona como eje”250. Idea que, como una especie de ideario o una declaración de principios nos parece fundamental para empezar el tratamiento de cualquier sistema de resolución de conflictos que se pretenda establecer. Todo sistema procesal o de resolución de conflictos debe tener como punto central de partida al ser humano.
JUSTICIA PENAL JUVENIL Y SU FINALIDAD SOCIOEDUCATIVA
Authors: Barletta Villarán María Consuelo
Published: May 2022

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PRIMEROS INTENTOS DE INSTITUCIONALIDAD AMBIENTAL EN EL PERÚ Y SU PRECARIO DESARROLLO
Authors: Franciskovic Ingunza Millitza , Godenzi Alegre Jorge Luis
Published: May 2022

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TRACTO SUCESIVO REGISTRAL
Authors: Gil-Núñez Juan Antonio
Published: May 2022

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ALGUNAS ANOTACIONES SOBRE LA LEGÍTIMA DEFENSA
Authors: Bouroncle Velásquez Mauricio
Published: May 2022

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¿Es útil la distinción entre nulidad e inexistencia en los negocios jurídicos? (Un análisis crítico sobre el ser y el no ser de los actos de autonomía privada)
Authors: Ninamancco Córdova Fort
Published: May 2022

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concepto de derecho: Una nueva aproximación metodológica a la teoría de Robert Alexy
Authors: Gaido Paula
Published: May 2022

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Desafíos de la universidad frente al cambio climático
Authors: Godenzi Alegre Jorge Luis
Published: May 2022

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Clericalismo católico y nacional-laicismo
Authors: Ollero Tassara Andrés
Published: May 2022

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NUEVO GOBIERNO: UN NUEVO COMIENZO... ¿UNA NUEVA OPORTUNIDAD?
Authors: Samhan Salgado Fiorella
Published: May 2022

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