bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Syndromic Surveillance to Classify and Capture Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
Authors: Borjan Marija , Lumia Margaret
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of a real-time surveillance tool to track a variety of occupationally-related emergency room visits through the state based syndromic surveillance system, EpiCenter.IntroductionThis study uses data from the New Jersey syndromic surveillance system (EpiCenter) as a data source to enhance surveillance of current non-fatal occupational injuries, illnesses, and poisonings. EpiCenter was originally developed for early detection and monitoring of the health of communities using chief complaints from people seeking acute care in hospital emergency rooms to identify health trends. Currently, syndromic surveillance has not been widely applied to identify occupational injuries and illnesses. Incorporating syndromic surveillance data from EpiCenter, along with hospital discharge data, will enhance the classification and capture of work-related non-fatal injuries with possible improved efforts at prevention.MethodsEpiCenter Emergency Department data from January to December 2014 was evaluated, using work-related keywords and ICD-9 codes, to determine its ability to capture non-fatal work-related injuries. A collection of keywords and phrases specific to work-related injuries was developed by manually assessing the free text chief complaint data field’s. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV), along with descriptive statistics was used to evaluate and summarize the occupational injuries identified in EpiCenter.ResultsOverall, 11,919 (0.3%) possible work-related injuries were identified via EpiCenter. Of these visits 956 (8%) indicated Workman’s Compensation as payer. Events that resulted in the greatest number of ED visits were falls, slips, trips (1,679, 14%). Nature of injury included cuts, lacerations (1,041, 9%), burns (255, 2%), and sprains, strains, tears (185, 2). The part of the body most affected were the back (1,414, 12%). This work-related classifier achieved a sensitivity of 5.4%, a specificity of 99.8%, and a PPV of 2.8%.ConclusionsEvaluating the ability and performance of a new and existing surveillance data source to capture work-related injuries can lead to enhancements in current data collection methods. This evaluation successfully demonstrated that the chief complaint reporting system can yield real-time knowledge of incidents and local conditions for use in identifying opportunities for prevention of work-related injuries.
Knowledge of Malaria and Antimalarial Drug Dispensing Practices in Buea Community
Authors: Ajonina Marcelus U.
Published: May 2019

ObjeciveThis study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of malaria as well as perception and dispensing practices of antimalarials among vendors in Buea communityIntroductionLack of knowledge of rational use of antimalarial drugs among dispensers is a serious problem, especially in areas of intense transmission thus increasing the risk of resistance and adverse drug reactions.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 140 drug vendors living within the Buea community was conducted between March and June 2017. Questionnaire was designed to obtain information from drug vendors on the general knowledge of malaria as well as dispensing practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20.0 and were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05ResultsKnowledge of malaria symptoms, transmission, and prevention was reasonable among 55.8% (77) of the respondents. Only 33.6% (47) of the respondents could attribute the cause of malaria to protozoan of genus Plasmodium species. Of the 140 vendors, 115(82.7%) prescribe antimalarial drugs. The knowledge of the national protocol was malaria case management among dispensers was 35.0%. Vendors in hospital/community pharmacies were 2.4 times (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 4.14 - 8.74, P < 0.001). more knowledgeable about malaria treatment protocol than those of in drugstores. The prevalence of self-prescription of antimalarials was 39.3%. Self-prescription was significantly higher in drugstores than hospital/community pharmacies (P=0.004). In all, 56(40.6%) of vendors showed good practices regarding antimalarial drug dispensing with majority (51.7%) from community pharmacies (OR=2.27,95% CI: 1.13-4.56).ConclusionsFindings reveal moderate knowledge of malaria but poor prescription and dispensing practices of antimalarial drugs among vendors, thus indicating a need for routine monitoring and evaluation to prevent emergence of resistant strains to current efficacious antimalarials
Seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity to Rift Valley fever virus in livestock
Authors: Ngoshe Yusuf B. , Avenant Lida , Rostal MK , William Karesh B. , Paweska Janus T. , Van Vuren Jansen , Cordel Claudia , Msimang Veerle , Thompson Peter N.
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to RVFV in domestic cattle, sheep, and goats in a study area in the central interior of South Africa, and to identify factors associated with seropositivity.IntroductionRift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to RVF virus (RVFV) in cattle, sheep, and goats in South Africa, near the 2010-2011 outbreak epicenter and identify factors associated with seropositivity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted during 2015-2016 within a ~40,000 km2 region between Bloemfontein and Kimberley. Farms were selected using random geographic points with probability proportional to the density of livestock-owning households. Livestock were randomly sampled from the farm closest to each selected point. A questionnaire was used to collect information concerning animal, management, and environmental factors. Sera samples were screened for RVFV antibodies using IgG inhibition ELISA. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression models.ResultsOn 234 farms, 3,049 animals (977 cattle, 1,549 sheep and 523 goats) were sampled. Estimated RVF seroprevalence, adjusted for clustering and sampling weights, was 42.9% (95% CI: 35.7-50.4%) in cattle, 28.0% (95% CI: 21.3-35.4%) in sheep and 9.3% (95% CI: 5.8-13.9%) in goats. Compared to animals <2y of age, seroprevalence was higher in animals 2-4y (OR=2.8, P<0.001) and >4y old (OR=17.0, P<0.001). Seroprevalence was also higher on private vs. communal land (OR=4.3, P=0.001) and was positively associated with the presence of perennial rivers (OR=1.6, P=0.03) and seasonal pans (OR=1.8, P=0.005) on the farm. The odds of seropositivity was higher in domestic ruminants recently vaccinated between 2014-2015 (OR=2.1, P=0.007) compared to those never vaccinated.ConclusionsThe presence of IgG antibody against RVFV among domestic ruminants, born after the most recent outbreak (<4y category), and association with known RVF risk factors, indicates the possibility that viral circulation has occurred during the inter-epidemic period.
The Dialogic Bond that Relieves: Encounter to Transcend Therapeutic Adherence
Authors: Arango Restrepo María Cristina , Gómez Ochoa Ana Maritza
Published: May 2019

Objective: This work sought to describe the meanings constructed by patients with coronary disease (PCD) the communication process used by nurses during the transition from the hospital (coronary care unit) to the home for therapeutic adherence. Method: The article corresponds to a qualitative study, which used an approach through grounded theory. The participants were 12 informants from the city of Medellin, Colombia. Data reliability was guaranteed. Results: Construction of a theoretical postulate: “Reconstructing the significance of treatment: from the indifference to reviving with a dialogic bond that relieves”. The process faced by PCD, derived from the communication process, goes from “living in ignorance”, “experiencing rupture with the treatment” to “reconstructing: finding sense” and, finally, “finding a state of harmony: new learnings”. This last achievement is obtained when creating awareness in the “dialogic bond that relieves”. Conclusions: The meaning granted by PCD to the communication process for therapeutic adherence is established when reaching transformation and expanding the conscience (creating awareness) in a “dialogic bond that relieves”; likewise, when this process is full of apathy and indifference, the sense of the treatment is lost.
Reclassification of the Framingham risk score and its agreement with other three calculations
Authors: Santos Sales Alessandra , Casotti Cezar Augusto
Published: May 2019

Objective: To investigate the concordance between the modified Framingham score using the ankle-brachial index and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with the other scores. Materials and method: Cross-sectional study nested with a cohort, with elderly population, from January to March, 2018. The population characterization was presented as mean, median, absolute and relative frequencies according to degree of normality. The Kappa concordance of the modified Framingham score was calculated with the Framingham score itself, with the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (Score) and with the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (Procam). Results: The modified Framingham score shows moderate Kappa concordance with the Framingham score and the Score (p < 0.001), but weak with Procam. The ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein presented more reclassification of individuals among risk strata than the ankle-brachial index. Conclusions: The Framingham score modified with the Framingham score itself, and then with the Score obtained a higher proportion of concordant cases in the high-risk stratum. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the ankle-brachial index modify cardiovascular risk as emerging factors to provide an accurate risk stratification and to infer better management of the therapy. Thus, the Framingham score with its reclassification is the best screening tool for cardiovascular risk.
¿Twitter herramienta de campaña? Una mirada a la red social el día de las elecciones para diputaciones y concejos municipales 2018 en El Salvador
Authors: Aguilar Ana Evangelina
Published: May 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo agregar elementos al debate latinoamericano sobre el uso de las redes sociales en los procesos electorales. Se plantea una discusión inicial sobre el alcance de la comunicación política y las redes sociales advirtiendo sobre el poco valor que los candidatos y partidos políticos salvadoreños le atribuyen a Twitter en un día tan importante en el desarrollo de la campaña electoral. El uso, informativo y comunicacional, de las redes sociales debería de ser clave en el día de elecciones, pero ni los candidatos, ni los partidos políticos tienen clara su utilización.
El Salvador – China: ¿Una alianza comercial conveniente?
Authors: Lazo Miguel
Published: May 2019

La reciente apertura de las relaciones diplomáticas de la República de El Salvador con la República Popular de China trajo consigo una serie de planteamientos relacionados a la viabilidad de ésta relación y a los resultados que traerá consigo. Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de ambas economías, y lo aborda desde los siguientes puntos: 1) Un breve análisis del complejo entorno mundial dando un repaso de los fenómenos presentados en la última década, 2) la revisión de la política comercial de El Salvador en los últimos años, 3) una revisión de la agresiva política exterior del país asiático y de sus relaciones regionales y de cooperación, 4) la creciente presencia de China y su impacto en América Latina, y 5) las oportunidades y desafíos que se le presentan a El Salvador para aprovechar de la mejor manera posible ésta nueva relación con el gigante asiático.
A Review on Diagnostic Vocabulary Tests
Authors: He Chunxiu
Published: May 2019

Given the practical significance of vocabulary testing in language teaching and the theoretical foundations of developing a vocabulary test, four well-established vocabulary tests are introduced for diagnostic purpose together with their corresponding validation studies, with a focus on the designed purpose, the selection of the items, the presentation of the task and the test response format.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Digital Textbook Pricing in Korea
Authors: Yu Jeong-Su , Kim Pyung
Published: May 2019

The use of paper books for teaching and learning has many limitations in terms of cost and efficiency. The advantages of digital textbooks are emphasized in many studies. Researchers say that the use of digital textbooks as mediators of the 21st century provides the ability to solve a variety of educational and learning problems for the future. However, many stakeholders in education, such as teachers, students, parents, publishers and educators, are not prepared to accept it and infrastructure is incomplete. In Korea, digital textbooks are used in classrooms in 2018. Publishers are creating new digital textbooks containing sophisticated digital content in accordance with government guidelines, teachers want to create customized lessons for each student level, and profitability and market expectations are changing the importance of digital asset pricing in the textbook market. In this paper, we explore factors that affect digital textbook pricing, to help publishers maximize revenue over their product lifecycle.
Student motivation to participate in asynchronous online discussions
Authors: Nelson Michelle L. , Oden Kristy , Williams Laura L.
Published: May 2019

Participation in online learning environments, especially in asynchronous discussions, is a crucial component for student engagement in online learning. Learner motivation is associated with student success in the online learning environment. Intrinsic motivation, doing something because it is enjoyable or interesting, is associated with participation in discussion topic choices. External demands, both work and personal, can also affect a student’s intrinsic motivation through altering their control. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between motivating factors and student participation in online asynchronous discussions. Post-licensure undergraduate (RN-BSN/RN-MSN) and graduate (MSN) students (N = 350) were distributed an online anonymous survey consisting of ten questions. A response rate of 20% (N = 69) was achieved, with 49% MSN (graduate) students (n = 33) and 51% RN-BSN/RN-MSN (undergraduate) students (n = 36), participating in the survey. Seventy-nine percent of students were employed full-time. Graduate students (65%) and undergraduate students (49%) felt that their motivation to participate in discussions was related to their employment status. Seventy-nine percent of MSN students and 63% of undergraduate students reported that the current demands in their life affected their motivation to participate in online discussions. The majority of students felt that instructor participation in the discussion had no effect on their motivation to participate. When classified into undergraduate and graduate groups, graduate nursing students preferred a choice of discussion topics in which to participate (χ2 = 10.851, p = .004). Providing students with discussion topic choices is associated with intrinsic motivation and increased online discussion participation.
Early Sport Specialization
Authors: Popkin Charles A. , Bayomy Ahmad F. , Ahmad Christopher S.
Published: May 2019

Recent estimates are that close to 30 million children between the ages of 6 and 18 years participate in team sport and close to 60 million in some type of organized athletics in the United States. This has resulted in an increase in sport-related injuries, but the reasons for this are complex and multifactorial. Sport participation offers multiple benefits for children and adolescents, but there is concern that early sport specialization (ESS) may lead to adverse health and social effects. ESS has been defined as intensive training or competition in organized sport by prepubescent children (<12 years of age) for more than 8 months per year, with focus on a single sport to the exclusion of other sport and free play. An increased prevalence of ESS has been attributed to multiple variables, including coach/caregiver influence and the perception that developing athletes can attain mastery and gain a competitive advantage. Trends vary across individual and team sport and by sex. It has been proposed in the literature and lay press that a lack of diversified activity in youth leads to overuse injury, psychological fatigue, and burnout. ESS may not be necessary for elite athletic achievement, and the contrary has been proposed that early sport diversification leads to superior results. This review will summarize the current understanding of ESS, report evidence for and against its merits, highlight areas of future research, and provide recommendations for orthopaedic providers involved in the care of young athletes.
Utility of Follow-up Radiographs After Pin Removal in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zusman Natalie L. , Barney Nicole A. , Halsey Matthew F. , Yang Scott
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Displaced supracondylar humerus fractures (SCFs) are common pediatric injuries, typically treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP). Radiographs are obtained at pin removal and subsequently to evaluate fracture healing. We evaluated the utility of radiographs obtained after pin removal in pediatric SCF management.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of children aged 2 to 11 years with SCF requiring CRPP at a single institution from January 2007 to July 2017 was conducted. Radiographs were taken at pin removal and minimum 3 weeks later. Demographic and treatment data were collected via chart review. Radiographic measures were Baumann and lateral humeral-capitellar angles, anterior humeral line alignment, and number of cortices with callus. The McNemar-Bowker test analyzed anterior humeral line alignment and cortices with callus. The paired t-test analyzed Baumann and lateral humeral-capitellar angles.

Results:

One hundred patients were included (47 males and 53 females, mean 5.7 years). The mean time to pin removal was 23.8 days, and the median clinical and radiographic follow-up periods were 109.0 and 52.2 days, respectively. Fracture patterns were extension type II (21%), III (73%), IV (1%), flexion (4%), and varus (1%). No patients' fracture management changed in the acute or long-term postoperative period because of findings on post-pin removal (PPR) radiographs. Fewer cortices with callus were seen at pin removal versus PPR (<0.001). At pin removal, no differences were found in the Baumann angle (75.8 ± 5.0 versus 74.6 ± 5.9; P = 0.053), lateral humeral-capitellar angles (30.7 ± 12.5 versus 31.6 ± 1.3; P = 0.165), or anterior humeral line alignment (P = 0.261).

Discussion:

No patients' fracture management was modified because of findings evident on PPR radiographs. The number of cortices with callus was the only radiographic measure to differ over time, as is anticipated with routine healing. Elbow radiographic alignment measures did not differ in the interval between radiographs. Therefore, PPR radiographs may not provide clinical utility in the absence of other clinical findings.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study
Treating Preoperative Anemia to Improve Patient Outcomes After Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Shanbhag Satish P. , Solano Mitchell A. , Botros Mina A. , Khanuja Harpal S.
Published: May 2019

For patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery, preoperative risk modification and control of comorbidities can maximize safety and improve outcomes. Anemia is common among orthopaedic patients, and its prevalence increases with patient age. Although surgeons are well versed in intraoperative blood conservation, preoperative anemia treatment is often deferred to primary care physicians, who may not understand the importance of a thorough assessment and treatment. Orthopaedic surgeons should understand the causes and treatments of anemia to advocate that patients receive appropriate preoperative care. Mean corpuscular volume and reticulocyte count can help determine the cause of anemia and assess the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells. These values can be used to aid in diagnosis and treatment plans. Iron deficiency anemia, the most common type, is a microcytic anemia easily treated with iron supplementation. In cases of trauma, anemia can be related to acute blood loss and underlying conditions. Fracture patterns and preexisting comorbidities should be assessed. The role of intravenous iron supplementation in this setting has not been clearly shown. Patients needing urgent procedures that might involve substantial blood loss should receive transfusions if they have hemoglobin levels <8 g/dL or symptomatic anemia.
Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma: A single-center study
Authors: SALMAN Andac , OZGEN Zuleyha
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The clinical,

demographic and treatment characteristics of patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma

(KS) are not well-defined. There is lack of consensus on treatment modalities.

Thus, we aimed to define demographic, clinical characteristics and treatment

outcomes in our cohort of patients with KS.

       Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was

done and all patients who were followed up in our specialized cutaneous tumors

outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of KS between 2006 and 2018 were included in

the study.

       Results: A total of 25 patients were included

in the study. The mean age of the patients was 66 and 80% were male. The most

common form of KS was classic type (80%). During a mean follow-up of 43 months,

the most frequently administered treatments were cryotherapy, interferons,

radiotherapy, topical imiquimod and topical timolol. Overall a complete

response was observed in 9 (36%) patients.

        Conclusion: The clinical and demographic

characteristics of our cohort match those observed in existing literature. We

think that the use of local treatments such as cryotherapy, topical imiquimod

should be used more frequently in patients with limited disease. Considering

the efficacy of timolol in other vascular tumors, future prospective studies

investigating the effects of timolol in KS are highly warranted.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 15, No. 6
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: May 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 15, No. 6, 2019.
Identifying Core Learning Needs for English for Nursing Purposes
Authors: Chien Chi-ying
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the core learning needs being met from English exercises that are most helpful for Taiwanese nursing preprofessionals and in-service full-time nurses. The study focuses on the learning exercises that are most useful in the workplace, lists the five exercises used most and least frequently in school, compares exercises in terms of different proficiency levels, and refines the most important training components as common core learning needs for preprofessionals and in-service nurses. Subjects were randomly selected, and 60 female nursing majors were surveyed in a questionnaire about 18 learning exercises most teachers use in the classroom. Data was interpreted using a one-way analysis of variance. Then an a posteriori comparison was performed for those items reaching significance to gather advanced information on where the significance originates from. Based on the findings, the following common core learning needs have been identified: cultural notes for nursing, building medical vocabulary, and short expressions and medical information. The intended result of this study is to apply general English exercises such as vocabulary introduction, sentence patterns, and situational expressions to English for medical purposes exercises such as cultural notes for nursing, improving medical vocabulary, and reading medical journals for the benefit of both English for nursing purposes teachers and learners.
The Non-Proliferation Treaty in the Mirror of Contemporary International Public Order
Authors: Vakil Amir Saed
Published: May 2019

International law is aimed to control self-interest seekers’ behaviors with respect to very universal values which present foundations of the contemporary international community as a whole. The global pluralism may be considered as a product of international public order regulating common interests or needs. Achieving comprehensive results necessitate unified approaches to the most essential issues of international affairs such as non-proliferation of mass destructive nuclear weapons; however, paradoxical treatments in the context of nuclear international co-operations by influencer states show confusing directions against object and purpose of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. This paper through reviewing non-proliferation regime as a tool for global governance establishes that universal public policy requires nuclear-weapon states’ compliance from integrity of the Treaty, including disarmament, non-proliferation, and peaceful use. Therefore, selective approach as well as inconsistency to object and purpose of the treaty weakens the pillars of the international public order consolidated by peremptory norms of international law.
El repte d’aprendre i ensenyar forces
Authors: Garcia Lladó Àngela
Published: May 2019

L’ensenyament-aprenentatge de les forces és un dels temes eterns de la didàctica de les ciències. Se n’ha fet molta recerca però alhora continua sent un dels que, en general, comporta més problemes a l’alumnat. Les reflexions i contingut que es presenten en aquest article tenen el seu origen en el treball d’una tesi doctoral que s’està elaborant a la Universitat de Barcelona (UB). L’objectiu de la recerca és millorar el procés d’ensenyament-aprenentatge de les forces de l’alumnat del Grau de Mestre de Primària i de facilitar-los eines perquè puguin ajudar a millorar l’aprenentatge de l’alumnat de primària quan siguin mestres. Es fa una síntesi de les diferents recerques que s’han fet en el camp de la didàctica de les ciències i que poden tenir aplicacions molt pràctiques a l’aula. Es comença amb una revisió de les idees pròpies que les persones tenen sobre forces i moviment. A continuació, es posa sobre la taula quin es considera que és l’objectiu d’aprenentatge escolar pel que respecta a les forces. Amb el punt de partida i l’objectiu d’aprenentatge clars, es contraposen algunes propostes de possibles camins a seguir fent èmfasi dels punts que tenen en comú i, per tancar, es comparteix una de les eines que durant la recerca ens han estat útils per a avaluar en quin punt de l’aprenentatge de la idea científica es troba el nostre alumnat.
THE PERSPECTIVE AND CONDITIONS OF PUPIL SUPPORTIVE ASSESSMENT IN THEORY AND EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL PRACTICE
Authors: Kowalewski Michał
Published: May 2019

Supporting pupil development and educational activity realizes the most important paradigms and values which are present in contemporary pedagogics. The supporting category, as a part of educational practice, exists in the didactic measurement, and in the context of school and its pupils takes a form of an assessment. There is a certain deficit, both in the area of the supportive assessment concept concretisation, as well as among the features conditioning its proper construction The reflections presented in this article focus on attempts to adopt a uniform approach to a supportive assessment definition and search for actions which can contribute practical implementation of this concept effectively.
THE AUTHORITY OF AN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TEACHER IN THE PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN AND PARENTS
Authors: Parczewska Teresa
Published: May 2019

Every person – regardless of place of residence, age, sex, or social status – needs an authority figure, someone they can trust, someone who serves as their source of inspiration and a beacon of hope. However, numerous contemporary researches point out to the existence of a crisis in terms of personal examples, the decline in the quality of education both at home and at school, and the worrisome rise in consumerist and egotistical attitudes which results in pathologies of various shape and form and consequently leads to the general deg¬radation of society. The social life transformations necessitate the introduction of changes to education and the image and authority of a teacher. The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of authority in education, show teacher as a figure of authority as perceived by pupils and their parents, and their expectations and preferences as well as to attempt to define the future of authority in the changing world.
EARLY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FUTURE TEACHERS. REFLECTIONS AFTER PRACTICAL TEACHING PLACEMENT
Authors: Kaiser Izabella
Published: May 2019

The level of competence in mathematics among Polish students is insufficient, as illustrated for instance by low final examination scores in lower and upper secondary schools. Thus, it is only natural to ask questions about whether mathematics is being taught appropriately and whether adequate strategies, methods, and educational principles are being used. In this context it is necessary to ask future teachers – sophomores majoring in preschool and early school education – if they feel prepared and ready to introduce small children to the realm of mathematics. Most future practitioners of this challenging profession dislike mathematics and consider their current professional competences to be average. When assessing students’ preparedness, in both substantive and methodological terms, the author found that reluctance towards mathematics and belief that mathematics is an exceptionally difficult subject are both transferrable. On a more optimistic note, the analyzed group of students are ready to further improve their professional skills through lifelong learning.
Evaluación de una intervención logopédica en pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer en tratamiento colinérgico: Un estudio piloto
Authors: López-Zamora Miguel , Cánovas-Cano Miriam , Aranda Lourdes
Published: May 2019

Abstract: Evaluation of a speech therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease under cholinergic treatment: A pilot study. The intervention on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown that pharmacological treatments with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are highly beneficial. There is not much evidence if other treatments are effective, because it is difficult to find patients who are not medicated. In the present study a logopedic intervention in patients with AD in the mild phase, with and without pharmacological treatment, was verified. The results show that logopedic intervention slows the deterioration of the disease. The combination of logopedic intervention and pharmacological therapy is confirmed as the therapeutic option that most benefits the patient, while patients who only received one of the treatments show a more pronounced cognitive deterioration. The conclusions indicate that the pharmacological approach is necessary but insufficient, and that a logopedic intervention may be an adequate and effective complement in AD.Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Speech therapy; Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Resumen: Al intervenir en pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) se ha comprobado que los tratamientos farmacológicos con inhibidores de acetilcolinesterasa resultan altamente beneficiosos, pero existen pocas evidencias sobre la efectividad de otros tratamientos debido a que es difícil encontrar pacientes que no estén medicados. En el presente estudio piloto se comprueba la efectividad de una intervención logopédica en enfermos con EA en fase leve, con y sin tratamiento farmacológico. Los resultados muestran que la intervención logopédica frena el deterioro de la enfermedad. La combinación de intervención logopédica y terapia farmacológica es la opción terapéutica que más beneficios reporta al paciente, mientras que los enfermos que sólo recibieron uno de los tratamientos muestran un deterioro cognitivo más pronunciado. Las conclusiones indican que la aproximación farmacológica es necesaria pero insuficiente, y que una intervención logopédica puede ser un complemento adecuado y eficaz de la EA.Palabras clave: Enfermedad de Alzheimer; Intervención logopédica; Inhibidores de acetilcolinesterasa.
Habilidades de Mindfulness y Cognición Social en la predicción de la sintomatología afectiva en Esquizofrenia, Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo y controles sanos
Authors: González-Panzano Manuel , Borao Luis , Herrera-Mercadal Paola , Campos Daniel , López-del-Hoyo Yolanda , Morillo Héctor , García-Campayo Javier
Published: May 2019

Abstract: Mindfulness and social cognition skills in the prediction of affective symptomatology in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and nonclinical participants. The aim of the study was to investigate significant predictors of affective symptomatology in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy controls. The sample was of 91 participants who completed the following instruments: the Eye Test (emotional recognition), the Hinting Task (theory of mind), the Ambiguous Intentions and Hostility Questionnaire(AIHQ; attributional style), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; empathy), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; mindfulness trait), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form(FFMQ-SF), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS). Significant predictors of affective symptomatology were: mindfulness (dispositional or trait mindfulness, nonreactivity and nonjudgment), and social cognition (SC) (attributional style and theory of mind). Mediation analysis showed that theory of mind was the only significant mediator of affective symptomatology. This paper shows the role of mindfulness and SC skills in the prediction of affective symptomatology.Keywords: mindfulness, social cognition, theory of mind, affective symptomatology, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder.Resumen:El objetivo del estudio fue investigar predictores significativos de sintomatología afectiva en Esquizofrenia (EZ), trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) y controles no clínicos. La muestra fue de 91 participantes que completaron los siguientes instrumentos: Eyes Test (reconocimiento emocional), Hinting Task (teoría de la mente), Ambiguous Intentions and Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ; estilo atribucional), Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI; empatía), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS;mindfulness rasgo), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), y Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Los resultados mostraron que el mindfulness (mindfulness rasgo, no reactividad y no juicio) y la cognición social (estilo atribucional y teoría de la mente) fueron predictores significativos. Los análisis de mediación señalaron la variable de teoría de la mente, como único mediador significativo de la sintomatología afectiva.Los resultados de este estudio señalan el papel de las habilidades de mindfulness y cognición social en la predicción de sintomatología afectiva.Palabras clave: mindfulness, cognición social, teoría de la mente, sintomatología afectiva, esquizofrenia, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo.
The Effect of Heat Application on Fluoride Release in Antibacterial Added Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: KURT Ayça , TÜZÜNER Tamer , ALTINTEPE İlkay , AYDINOĞLU Sema , SÖKMEN Münevver
Published: May 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of heating on the fluoride releasing of glass ionomer cement (GIC) combined with 5% CPC (experimental) or not (control). Materials and Methods: Twenty (n=5; each group) GIC samples were prepared with or without 5% CPC powder. The samples were prepared as non-heating (NH) (n=10) or by heating (H) for 60s (H) (n=10) with a Light Emitting Diode. Flouride releasing pattern was obtained at days 1, 7, 15 and 30. Repeated measurements of two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test was used for comparisons (p<0.05).Results: Interaction (groups x heating x time) effects were obtained (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in fluoride release from the NH control and experimental groups on days 1, 7 and 15, but there was a significant release  in the experimental group at 30 days (p = 0.01). Significantly higher values were obtained in H procedures at days 1 (p=0.026), 7 (p=0.001), 15 (p=0.005) and 30 (p=0.028) for control group compared to the experimental. Significantly increased values were obtained from days 1 up to 30 in NH and H procedures for both groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Heating of both control and experimental groups showed increased fluoride releasing pattern. The fluoride releasing of 60s heating of GIC containing 5% CPC could have acceptable increased values up to 30 days. The increased fluoride releasing pattern after heating procedure seems to be promising for antibacterial GIC combinations.
Effects of Er,Cr:Ysgg Laser on Microleakage of a Self-Etch Adhesive System
Authors: DURHAN Muesser Ahu , GUNER ONUR Sirin , EREN GİRAY Figen , TANBOGA İlknur
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
The purpose of this in-vitro
study was to evaluate the microleakage of a self-etch dentin adhesive system in
cavities prepared by a conventional dental bur and an Er,Cr:YSGG laser.Materials
and Methods: Forty extracted
premolar teeth were selected randomly. Standardized Class V cavity preparations
were placed in the buccal and lingual surfaces using a bur and an Er,Cr:YSGG laser.
Eighty preparations were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 20 samples each and
restored as follows: (G1, Control group) Bur; (G2) Bur + Laser etch; (G3)
Er,Cr:YSGG laser; (G4) Er,Cr:YSGG laser + Laser etch. The cavities were
restored with a self-etch adhesive system (GC, Unifil Bond) and composite resin
(GC, Gradia). The preparations were sectioned buccolingually into three parts
and scored for microleakage using a light stereoscope. The data were analyzed with
Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-squared test was used for comparisons across
groups. Results: In all
groups, there was higher microleakage in the gingival margin than in the occlusal
margin. In the control group (G1), the lowest microleakage values were obtained
in all the cavities. In comparison among the groups, statistically significant
microleakage values were obtained in the occlusal margins. Significantly high
microleakage was observed in G4 in comparison to G1 and G3 (p = 0.001, p =
0.003).

Conclusions: Preparation and etching by using an Er,Cr:YSGG
laser does not decrease microleakage, but this may also be due to the
properties of the self-etch adhesive. Further clinical research and long-term
follow-ups are needed to analyze the findings in more detail.
The Editor-in-Chief’s recommendation of this issue’s article to readers;
Authors: BULDUR Burak
Published: May 2019

The

Effect of Heat Application on Fluoride Release from Antibacterial Agent Added

Glass Ionomer Cement

I am pleased to inform

you that I have chosen this article by Kurt et al.1 as Editor’s

Choice for the second issue of 2019.

Glass ionomer

cements (GICs) are widely used in dental procedures and pediatric

dentistry. One of the most important advantages of GIC is the property of

fluoride release which leads to increase ambient pH and prevent acidity by

inhibiting the carbohydrate metabolism of the surrounding bacteria, resulting

in the prevention of dental caries in future.

This

article shows that the effect of heat application leads an

increased F− releasing pattern on fluoride release from antibacterial agent added The

increased F− releasing pattern after the heating is believed to be

promising for antibacterial GIC combinations.

Happy

readings in the second issue of 2019!
Características de los aspirantes a la Escuela Normal en México. ¿En qué condiciones inicia su formación el profesorado de primaria?
Authors: García-Poyato Falcón Jihan , Cordero Arroyo Graciela
Published: May 2019

En México la formación de profesores de preescolar y primaria se lleva a cabo tradicionalmente en las Escuelas Normales (EN), espacio específico asignado por la autoridad educativa federal para la formación inicial docente. En este estudio cuantitativo se buscó identificar las diferencias entre las características de 345 aspirantes a la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria en seis EN públicas de Baja California (generación 2018-2022), entidad ubicada al noroeste del país. Dichas características fueron recuperadas a través de una encuesta y la información se analizó con distintas pruebas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. En los resultados se presentan las características de los aspirantes (laborales, socioeconómicas, familiares y académicas), así como la comparación realizada para puntualizar las diferencias significativas entre los grupos de aspirantes por EN y por su ubicación en zona urbana o rural. Se encontró que los aspirantes de la zona rural se encuentran en desventaja en los tres ámbitos analizados: socioeconómico, familiar y académico. La información recuperada es un insumo imprescindible para el diseño de políticas educativas, de carácter institucional, estatal y federal, que permitan el acompañamiento de los aspirantes una vez que ingresen a la EN, como la implementación de programas de becas y tutorías individualizadas.
The genomes of polyextremophilic cyanidiales contain 1% horizontally transferred genes with diverse adaptive functions
Authors: Rossoni Alessandro W , Price Dana C , Seger Mark , Lyska Dagmar , Lammers Peter , Bhattacharya Debashish , Weber Andreas PM
Published: May 2019

The role and extent of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in eukaryotes are hotly disputed topics that impact our understanding of the origin of metabolic processes and the role of organelles in cellular evolution. We addressed this issue by analyzing 10 novel Cyanidiales genomes and determined that 1% of their gene inventory is HGT-derived. Numerous HGT candidates share a close phylogenetic relationship with prokaryotes that live in similar habitats as the Cyanidiales and encode functions related to polyextremophily. HGT candidates differ from native genes in GC-content, number of splice sites, and gene expression. HGT candidates are more prone to loss, which may explain the absence of a eukaryotic pan-genome. Therefore, the lack of a pan-genome and cumulative effects fail to provide substantive arguments against our hypothesis of recurring HGT followed by differential loss in eukaryotes. The maintenance of 1% HGTs, even under selection for genome reduction, underlines the importance of non-endosymbiosis related foreign gene acquisition.
Reality check for transposon enhancers
Authors: Brind'Amour Julie , Mager Dixie L
Published: May 2019

Hundreds of retrovirus-like sequences have features that suggest they might be gene enhancers, but only a small fraction displays gene-regulating activity in experiments on mouse stem cells.
Accelerated construction of an in vitro model of human periodontal ligament tissue: vacuum plasma combined with fibronectin coating and a polydimethylsiloxane matrix
Authors: Liao Wen , Hashimoto Yoshiya , Honda Yoshitomo , Li Peiqi , Yao Yang , Zhao Zhihe , Matsumoto Naoyuki
Published: May 2019

Tying shape memory wires to crowded teeth causes the wires to deform according to the dental arch. This deformation results in a resilient force that is delivered to the tooth. The appropriate amount of force can activate the osteogenetic and osteoclastic ability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the tooth can be moved. This is the biological basis of orthodontic treatment. To achieve further insight into the mechanisms underlying orthodontic treatment, we examined whether accelerated construction of an in vitro human PDL fibroblast (HPdLF) stretching model can be achieved by combining fibronectin coating and vacuum plasma treatment with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cell-culture chambers. Each chamber was randomly assigned to a no-surface modification (NN), fibronectin coating (FN), vacuum plasma treatment (PN), or vacuum plasma treatment followed by a fibronectin coating (PF) treatment protocol. The physical and chemical features and ability to promote cellular proliferation of the PDMS chamber surfaces were evaluated. Cellular adhesion of four materials were evaluated and two best-proliferated groups were considered as better model-constructing surfaces and used in subsequent experiments and used in subsequent experiments. HPdLFs were cultured on these two kinds of chambers without stretching for 3 days, then with stretching for 7 days. Time-course gene expression cellular morphology were evaluated. Chambers in the PN group had high wettability and surface component changes. The FN and PF chambers had high cellular proliferation ability. They were selected into subsequent experiments. After 3 days of culturing HPdLFs on the PF and PN chambers, the cells in the PF chambers had significantly higher levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression compared with the cells in the PN chambers. After cyclic stretch application to the cells in the PN and PF chambers, expression of the type-3 collagen (COL-3) gene in PF group continued to increase for 7 days and was significantly higher than that in the PN group from day 5 onwards. The HPdLFs in the PF group showed parallel alignment from days 3 to 7 after imposition of cyclic stretch, while those in the PN group aligned in parallel from day 5 on. Our results suggested that applying a fibronectin coating to a PDMS chamber after plasma treatment can accelerate establishment of an in vitro PDL stretching model.
ANÁLISE SEMIOLINGUÍSTICA DO DISCURSO DE ESTUDANTES DE LICENCIATURA: EXPRESSÕES DE UMA ABORDAGEM SISTÊMICO-COMPLEXA EM BIOLOGIA / SEMIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE UNDERGRADUATES STUDENTS DISCOURSE: EXPRESSIONS OF A SYSTEMIC-COMPLEX APPROACH IN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Authors: Araújo Torres de Melo Moul Renato , Germano Bezerra de Sá Risonilta , Dos Anjos Carneiro Leão Ana Maria
Published: May 2019

A Biologia Celular e Molecular é uma área de mais difícil compreensão devido à complexidade conceitual que essa área comporta e ao modo de ensino, geralmente amparado nos paradigmas da ciência cartesiana. Este trabalho busca interpretar como se dá a construção articulada dos conceitos em Biologia Celular e Molecular, a partir da análise das construções coletivas de trinta estudantes, sob uma abordagem sistêmico-complexa, o MoMuP-PE (Modelo das Múltiplas Perspectivas – Pernambuco). Utilizou-se a análise semiolinguística do discurso, a fim de compreender as transições entre os níveis de organização biológica e suas relações com as concepções paradigmáticas de ciência. Percebendo-se afinal, que os discentes relacionam o metabolismo de carboidratos com suas diversas rotas desde o nível molecular ao nível orgânico. E ainda, extrapolam essa relação com outras vias metabólicas quando solicitados. O modo de construção de conceitos dos estudantes é gradativo, amparado no vaivém dos pensamentos cartesiano e sistêmico.
A CONCEPÇÃO E A HABILIDADE DE DISCENTES DE CIÊNCIAS E BIOLOGIA PARA COM A ARGUMENTAÇÃO: AS ESPECIFICIDADES E A CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE UM ESTUDO / THE CONCEPTION AND ABILITY OF STUDENTS IN SCIENCES AND BIOLOGY TO THE ARGUMENTATION: THE SPECIFITIES AND THE CARACTERIZATION OF A STUDY
Authors: Pezarini Agnaldo Ronie , Maciel Maria Delourdes
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta e discute os dados iniciais de uma pesquisa empírica de Doutorado em Ensino de Ciências sobre Argumentação no Ensino de Ciências. A singularidade deste manuscrito está nas peculiaridades encontradas e na garantia de que a hipótese inicial da pesquisa em questão é correta, a de que os participantes desta pesquisa, alunos do 9º ano e 3ª série de uma escola estadual não possuem a concepção e a habilidade para com a argumentação na perspectiva de Toulmin.