bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arguing Particularity Against the Grain: One-State Or Two-States in Palestine-Israel?
Authors: Ellis Marc H.
Published: October 2012

Increasingly the discussion of Israel/Palestine is moving toward a one-state configuration, redressing the injustice experienced by the Palestinians in the creation of the state of Israel and its ongoing expansion that increasingly limits Palestinian life and a possible future beyond an apartheid-like reality. As well, the discussion is framed with the context of universal human and political rights. This makes sense. Yet the erasure of particularity in this discussion is troubling. Certainly one way of looking at the history and future of Israel/Palestine is to note and understand the particular communities involved. This essay seeks to address Jewish particularity, especially in light of the prophetic. In the context of Jewish life – in the crisis of Israel/Palestine – how are Jews called upon to respond?
Onward Christian Soldiers: American Dispensationalists, George W. Bush and the Middle East
Authors: Saiya Nilay
Published: October 2012

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to explain why dispensationalist Christians were successful at influencing American foreign policy during the administration of George W. Bush, particularly towards the Middle East. Specifically, I connect this success to their ties to Washington neo-conservatives, the personal faith of Bush himself and his links to conservative Christians, and their broad cultural appeal and grassroots strength. Second, it will present two brief case studies on the influence that dispensationalism has had on US policy towards Israel and Iraq during the administration of George W. Bush.
Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Injected Systemically into GRMD Dogs without Immunosuppression are Able to Reach the Host Muscle and Express Human Dystrophin
Authors: Vieira N. M. , Valadares M. , Zucconi E. , Secco M. , Junior C. R. Bueno , Brandalise V. , Assoni A. , Gomes J. , Landini V. , Andrade T. , Caetano H. V. A. , Vainzof M. , Zatz M.
Published: October 2012

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal X-linked disorder, is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophies, affecting 1 in 3,500 male births. Mutations in the DMD gene lead to the absence of muscle dystrophin and a progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle. The possibility to treat DMD through cell therapy has been widely investigated. We have previously shown that human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) injected systemically in SJL mice are able to reach and engraft in the host muscle, express human muscle proteins, and ameliorate the functional performance of injected animals without any immunosuppression. However, before starting clinical trials in humans many questions still need to be addressed in preclinical studies, in particular in larger animal models, when available. The best animal model to address these questions is the golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog that reproduces the full spectrum of human DMD. Affected animals carry a mutation that predicts a premature termination codon in exon 8 and a peptide that is 5% the size of normal dystrophin. These dogs present clinical signs within the first weeks and most of them do not survive beyond age two. Here we show the results of local and intravenous injections of hASCs into GRMD dogs, without immunosuppression. We observed that hASCs injected systemically into the dog cephalic vein are able to reach, engraft, and express human dystrophin in the host GRMD dystrophic muscle up to 6 months after transplantation. Most importantly, we demonstrated that injecting a huge quantity of human mesenchymal cells in a large-animal model, without immunosuppression, is a safe procedure, which may have important applications for future therapy in patients with different forms of muscular dystrophies.
Isolation and Characterization of Canine Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Seo Min-Soo , Park Sang-Bum , Kang Kyung-Sun
Published: October 2012

Wharton's jelly is a known stem cell source in humans. Because stem cells might provide a potential therapeutic role in canines, many stem cell sources are studied for isolation and characterization in the canine system. So far, there have been no reports identifying canine Wharton's jelly stem cells. In this study, we successfully isolated and characterized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from canine Wharton's jelly. Canine Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cWJ-MSCs) that were grown in low-glucose DMEM medium have spindle-like shapes similar to human Wharton's jelly stem cells. We characterized the immunophenotypes of canine Wharton's jelly stem cells by FACS analysis and measured the cumulative population doubling level (CPDL). We investigated the differentiation of cWJ-MSCs with a trilineage differentiation assay to determine whether they were mesenchymal. Under various differentiation conditions, cWJ-MSCs presented chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic differentiation abilities in vitro. In conclusion, our results show that cWJ-MSCs might be a good source for stem cells. Furthermore, cWJ-MSCs might be useful as a cell therapy application for veterinary medicine.
Characterization of 21 microsatellite markers from cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (Poaceae), a weed species distributed worldwide
Authors: Chiang Yu‐Chung , Tsai Chi‐Chu , Hsu Tsai‐Wen , Chou Chang‐Hung
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed from Imperata cylindrica, a traditional medicinal herb in Asia and among the top 10 worst invasive weeds in the world, to aid in the identification of the limits of asexual clonal individuals.

• Methods and Results: A total of 21 microsatellite markers, including 18 polymorphic and three monomorphic loci, were developed from I. cylindrica using a magnetic bead enrichment protocol. The primers amplified dinucleotide, trinucleotide, and complex repeats. The number of alleles ranged from one to 19 per locus, with an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.09 to 1.00. Several loci deviated significantly from the within‐population Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium as a result of asexual clonal reproduction.

• Conclusions: These polymorphic markers should be useful tools in further studies on the identification of the range of clonal reproduction units and the selection and classification of the medicinal cultivar.
Jeunes et médias numériques en Europe : appropriation et enjeux éducatifs
Authors: Bevort-Brunder Élisabeth , Bréda Isabelle
Published: October 2012

Résumé Connaître la manière dont les jeunes se représentent et utilisent les médias électroniques, mais surtout la manière dont ils se les approprient et le contexte dans lequel ils le font, constitue un enjeu stratégique pour l’éducation. La recherche Mediappro conduite en Europe et au Québec en 2006 montre que les 12-18 ans ont des représentations de ces nouveaux médias souvent ambiguës et des usages encore mal maîtrisés. Elle pointe notamment en quoi le fossé entre les pratiques à l’école et celles à la maison renforce des appropriations réelles mais parcellaires, fort éloignées du potentiel considérable de ces médias.
Religiosité, satanisme et gothisme chez les jeunes
Authors: Mayol Pierre
Published: October 2012

Résumé Cet article prend appui sur un ouvrage sur les croyances de certains adolescents pour mieux faire comprendre, au-delà d’une information sur les pratiques en vogue auprès de certains jeunes, la complexité des mouvements sataniques ou gothiques auxquels ils se réfèrent. Ces mouvements ne peuvent être réduits à une simple « anomie » sociale et révèlent au contraire des significations multiples.
Microstructures et risque de contrepartie : les bourses de Milan et de Gênes a l'épreuve de la crise de 1907
Authors: Riva Angelo
Published: October 2012

Résumé Cet article met en avant le rôle clé de la microstructure dans la résilience des marchés aux crises. Le cas italien montre que l’hétérogénéité complémentaire entre un marché régulé et un marché de gré à gré est bénéfique pour le développement du marché financier. Il confirme ainsi les récentes analyses menées notamment pour la place financière de Paris. Pourtant, en Italie, la centralité d’un marché de dérivés opaque et dérégulé a bien failli emporter le système financier. La microstructure de la bourse de Gênes s’est en effet montrée incapable de gérer le risque de contrepartie. Seule l’intervention de la Banque d’Italie, qui devint à cette occasion une banque centrale à part entière, a sauvé la péninsule d’une crise financière majeure. À Paris, en revanche, l’hétérogénéité complémentaire entre la bourse officielle et le marché informel, la Coulisse, n’a pas exposé le système financier à semblables risques car la position juridique supérieure de la première lui permettait d’occuper une position centrale et de stabiliser ainsi le marché dans son ensemble.
Metodología para la evaluación de la sostenibilidad en autopistas: cálculo del balance energético de la infraestructura
Authors: García-Navarro J. , González-Díaz M. J. , Martínez E. , Redruello I.
Published: October 2012

El trabajo aborda el desarrollo de un procedimiento para la evaluación de la eficiencia energética en infraestructuras lineales desde el punto de vista constructivo. El procedimiento permite calcular, tanto globalmente como de forma independizada, el balance energético de las diferentes fases del ciclo de vida de la infraestructura: construcción, operación y desmantelamiento o deconstrucción.

Siendo el objetivo la cuantificación de la energía de la infraestructura, el procedimiento permite gestionar eficazmente el consumo de energía y otros impactos ambientales mediante la selección de alternativas y la mitigación o compensación de los balances entre las diferentes fases.

En el presente artículo se describe la metodología desarrollada, validándose mediante la aplicación a un caso práctico a modo de ejemplo, cuantificando en Julios la energía embebida en una de las unidades de cálculo o unidades funcionales (un tramo recto de autopista de dos carriles), y calculando el cómputo individualizado en las diferentes fases para establecer una comparativa entre las mismas.
Estimating Trend in Occupancy for the Southern Sierra Fisher Martes pennanti Population
Authors: Zielinski William J. , Baldwin James A. , Truex Richard L. , Tucker Jody M. , Flebbe Patricia A.
Published: October 2012

Carnivores are important elements of biodiversity, not only because of their role in transferring energy and nutrients, but also because they influence the structure of the communities where they occur. The fisher Martes pennanti is a mammalian carnivore that is associated with late-successional mixed forests in the Sierra Nevada in California, and is vulnerable to the effects of forest management. As a candidate for endangered species status, it is important to monitor its population to determine whether actions to conserve it are successful. We implemented a monitoring program to estimate change in occupancy of fishers across a 12,240-km2 area in the southern Sierra Nevada. Sample units were about 4 km apart, consisting of six enclosed, baited track-plate stations, and aligned with the national Forest Inventory and Analysis grid. We report here the results of 8 y (2002–2009) of sampling of a core set of 223 sample units. We model the combined effects of probability of detection and occupancy to estimate occupancy, persistence rates, and trend in occupancy. In combined models, we evaluated four forms of detection probability (1-group and 2-group both constant and varying by year) and nine forms of probability of occupancy (differing primarily by how occupancy and persistence vary among years). The best-fitting model assumed constant probability of occupancy, constant persistence, and two detection groups (AIC weight  =  0.707). This fit the data best for the entire study area as well as two of the three distinct geographic zones therein. The one zone with a trend parameter found no significant difference from zero for that parameter. This suggests that, over the 8-y period, that there was no trend or statistically significant variations in occupancy. The overall probability of occupancy, adjusted to account for uncertain detection, was 0.367 (SE  =  0.033) and estimates were lowest in the southeastern zone (0.261) and highest in the southwestern zone (0.583). Constant and positive persistence values suggested that sample units rarely changed status from occupied to unoccupied or vice versa. The small population of fishers in the southern Sierra (probably <250 individuals) does not appear to be decreasing. However, given the habitat degradation that has occurred in forests of the region, we favor continued monitoring to determine whether fisher occupancy increases as land managers implement measures to restore conditions favorable to fishers.
Le disquaire et ses usagers
Authors: Debruyne François
Published: October 2012

Les nouveaux formats de l’intermédiation de la musique jouent un rôle important dans les transformations contemporaines de l’expérience musicale. Il s’agit ici d’analyser les modèles relationnels que ces formats contribuent à construire, à partir d’une description de l’évolution des formes ordinaires du commerce musical et à l’aune des formes standard du régime numérique actuel. Les changements repérés concernent en particulier le genre de reconnaissance qui prévaut dans l’écheveau des relations toujours plurielles à la musique. Leur examen critique s’avère pour autant toujours nécessaire.
Le dispositif architectural comme médiation du passé
Authors: Trouche Dominique
Published: October 2012

Induire un regard réflexif sur l’architecture du national-socialisme en proposant un dispositif architectural de visite en rupture totale avec le propos initial, tel est le projet de Günther Domenig. La passerelle de verre et d’acier qu’il a conçue pour une aile de l’ancien Palais des congrès de Nuremberg propose au visiteur une quasi-immersion dans le bâtiment, tout en le maintenant à distance et en contraignant son déplacement. L’article montre comment ce dispositif architectural, qui repose sur la transparence et sur la métaphore de la traversée, joue sur des dimensions opposées pour tenter de contrer et d’abolir l’intention d’éternité et la grandiloquence de l’architecture nazie. La proposition architecturale se transforme alors en processus et la visite devient passage.
Médiation documentaire et culturelle dans le musée
Authors: Fabre Isabelle
Published: October 2012

La médiation qui, dans les musées, était jusqu’ici plutôt qualifiée de culturelle , s’oriente aujourd’hui vers la mise en place de dispositifs plus complexes qui intègrent des éléments d’information dont la gestion et la mise à disposition étaient traditionnellement l’apanage des documentalistes. Ce déplacement de la documentation vers les salles d’exposition, amène les professionnels à reconsidérer leurs pratiques, ainsi que les formes et les modalités de la médiation que cette évolution nécessite. L’étude présentée ici repose sur une analyse des discours des documentalistes, qu’ils soient oraux ou écrits, recueillis dans le contexte parti-culier du musée des Abattoirs, musée d’art contemporain de Toulouse.
Invertebrates on isolated peaks in the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site, South Africa
Authors: Armstrong Adrian J. , Brand Robert F.
Published: October 2012

A survey to document and describe the alpine flora and various focal faunal taxa on six isolated inselberg-like peaks (total area of 31.9 ha), all 3000 m or higher, located in the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site, South Africa, was undertaken in early summer in 2005. Study of the fauna of these peaks should be informative because the impacts of controllable anthropogenic threats on the invertebrate communities on them should be minimal or absent in comparison with those on the main massif. A total of 341 invertebrate individuals representing 61 species were recorded from the focal taxa (Oligochaeta, Gastropoda and certain groups of Insecta, i.e. focal taxa within the Blattoidea, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera). The 61 species recorded consisted of two species from the Oligochaeta, one species from the Gastropoda and 58 species from the Insecta. Eleven species (one from the Oligochaeta, ten from the Insecta) are endemic and 11 species (one from the Oligochaeta, ten from the Insecta) are probably endemic to the Drakensberg Alpine Centre, constituting 36.1% of the total species recorded. The results suggest that the Drakensberg Alpine Centre (DAC), as for plants, is a centre of endemism for invertebrates. Cluster analysis showed that the species composition of the two northern peaks, Sentinel and Eastern Buttress, clustered together, separate from a cluster formed by the Outer Horn, Inner Horn and Dragon’s Back and from the cluster formed by the southernmost peak, Cathkin. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling results indicated that distance from the Sentinel, the most northerly peak sampled, and mean minimum temperature for July had the strongest correlations with the species data, reflecting change over a straight-line distance of nearly 60 km in a south-easterly direction.Conservation implications: Only a small proportion (ca. 5.5%) of the DAC is conserved, the majority of which lies in the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site. Conservation of more of the DAC, including more of its latitudinal extent, is required to adequately conserve its unique plant and invertebrate communities.
FOXO1 Up-Regulates Human L-selectin Expression through Binding to a Consensus FOXO1 Motif
Authors: Lou Yuefen , Lu Xiaojiong , Dang Xitong
Published: October 2012

L-selectin plays important roles in lymphocyte homing and leukocyte rolling. Mounting evidence shows that it is involved in many disease entities including diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion injuries, inflammatory diseases, and tumor metastasis. Regulation of L-selectin at protein level has been well characterized. However, the regulation of human L-selectin transcription remains largely unknown. To address transcriptional regulation of L-selectin, we cloned 1088 bp 5′ of the start codon ATG. Luciferase analysis of the serial 5′ deletion mutants located the core promoter region at –288/–1. A major transcription initiation site was mapped at –115 by 5′RACE. Transcription factors Sp1, Ets1, Mzf1, Klf2, and Irf1 bind to and transactivate the L-selectin promoter. Significantly, FOXO1 binds to a FOXO1 motif, CCCTTTGG, at –87/–80, and transactivates the L-selectin promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Over-expression of a constitutive-active FOXO1 increased the endogenous L-selectin expression in Jurkat cells. We conclude that FOXO1 regulates L-selectin expression through targeting its promoter.
Haar Null Sets and the Consistent Reflection of Non-meagreness
Authors: Elekes Márton , Steprāns Juris
Published: October 2012

A subset X of a Polish group G is called Haar null if there exist a Borel set B ⊃ X and Borel probability measure μ on G such that μ(gBh) = 0 for every g; h ∊ G. We prove that there exist a set X ⊂ R that is not Lebesgue null and a Borel probability measure μ such that μ (X + t) = 0 for every t ∊ R. This answers a question from David Fremlin’s problem list by showing that one cannot simplify the definition of a Haar null set by leaving out the Borel set B. (The answer was already known assuming the Continuum Hypothesis.)

This result motivates the following Baire category analogue. It is consistent with ZFC that there exist an abelian Polish group G and a Cantor set C ⊂ G such that for every non-meagre set X ⊂ G there exists a t ∊ G such that C ∩ (X + t) is relatively non-meagre in C. This essentially generalizes results of Bartoszyński and Burke–Miller.
Field Evaluation of a PCR Test for Schistosoma japonicum Egg Detection in Low-Prevalence Regions of China
Authors: Fung Mai S. , Xiao Ning , Wang Shuo , Carlton Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2012

Sensitive Schistosoma japonicum detection methods are needed to progress from schistosomiasis control to elimination. The sensitivity of the Kato-Katz thick smear and miracidium hatching tests decrease with infection intensity and serological tests cannot always identify current infections. We evaluated a fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect S. japonicum infection in 106 humans and 8 bovines in China. PCR was highly sensitive, detecting S. japonicum DNA at 0.5 eggs/g of stool. Comparing PCR examination of a single stool sample to the miracidium hatching test using three consecutive stool samples, more humans were hatching test positive (20%) than PCR positive (15%). However, two individuals were PCR positive in a village where no infections were detected by coprological methods. The sensitivity of PCR makes it a promising tool for schistosomiasis diagnostics and screening, although egg shedding variability and stool sample size present challenges for any detection method in low-transmission areas.
Ocular Zoonotic Onchocerca Infection in a Resident of Oregon
Authors: Eberhard Mark L. , Sims Annette C. , Bishop Henry S. , Mathison Blaine A. , Hoffman Richard S.
Published: October 2012

A long, slender filarial nematode was removed from the left anterior chamber of a resident of Oregon after several days of pain and blurred vision. The worm was identified as an Onchocerca, but it could not be further identified. This worm is the third zoonotic Onchocerca removed from the anterior chamber and the second case reported from the United States. Cases of zoonotic onchocerciasis continue to garner attention, and those cases affecting the eye are of particular interest.
Opciones Terapéuticas en el Trauma Duodenal. Análisis de 16 Casos. Morbilidad y Mortalidad en Trauma Duodenal Grave
Authors: Valsangiácomo Pablo , Telles Leandro , Rodríguez Gustavo , Ruso Luis
Published: October 2012

Antecedentes

Las lesiones duodenales se caracterizan por su baja frecuencia, elevada frecuencia de lesiones asociadas y marcada morbimortalidad.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los factores determinantes de la morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes con lesiones duodenales.

Se valoran las diferentes opciones quirúrgicas, destacando las variantes tácticas dependiendo de la topografía, severidad lesional, las lesiones asociadas y el estado hemodinámico del paciente.

Diseño del estudio

Estudio retrospectivo y observacional en el periodo 1987-2010 en Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Resultados

En el periodo analizado se registraron 16 pacientes con lesiones duodenales. 13 casos del sexo masculino con una media de 30 años. En 14 pacientes (87,5%) el mecanismo lesional fue por arma de fuego. La topografía más frecuente fue duodeno II en un 44% y compromiso múltiple en un 31%. Las lesiones asociadas más frecuentes fueron: hígado, colon y páncreas.

En 11 casos correspondieron a lesiones tipo II y en 3 casos a lesiones tipo III y 2 casos tipo IV.

El cierre simple se realizo en un 56%, en lesiones duodenales complejas se repararon con duodenorrafia y exclusión pilórica. Pacientes con lesión del ángulo duodenoyeyunal se realizó exclusión duodenal distal seguida de anastomosis duodenoyeyunal lateromesentérica derecha. Morbilidad del 44% y mortalidad del 19%.

Conclusiones

La morbilidad y mortalidad de nuestra serie es comparable con cifras internacionales.

El manejo de las diferentes opciones tácticas según las variables analizadas así como la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico para el manejo de las complicaciones son factores determinantes de la morbimortalidad.
Patrones de Trauma de Guerra en Colombia, Analisis del Grupo Quirurgico Avanzado de Apoyo en Trauma (Gatra) de Las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia
Authors: Paez Carlos Alberto Arias , Arboleda Francisco Arroyo , Mora Fernando Guzmán , Gómez Ricardo Barragán , Bernal Linda Ibata , Gómez Sandra Parra
Published: October 2012

Introducción

Las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia crearon equipos quirúrgicos móviles que se desplazan a áreas lejanas del territorio Nacional para dar apoyo quirúrgico al personal herido en combate buscando ofrecerles mayores probabilidades de supervivencia.

Objetivos

Identifi car los patrones de las lesiones presentadas por los heridos de guerra no convencional en el área de operaciones, atendidas por un equipo quirúrgico móvil, que por las características únicas del confl icto Colombiano, no han sido previamente expuestos.

Métodos

Estudio analítico basado en una cohorte histórica del registro de historia clínica de todos los heridos de guerra atendidos desde enero 2009 hasta abril 2011 aplicando las escalas de severidad de trauma e identifi cando los patrones de las heridas de acuerdo al mecanismo de lesión.

Resultados

333 pacientes heridos de guerra presentaron 512 lesiones. Producidas por minas antipersona 209 (62,8%), proyectil arma de fuego alta velocidad 96 (28,8%), arma fragmentación 25 (7,5%) y baja velocidad 3 (0,9%). El ISS promedio de las lesiones es de 15,47. El compromiso mas frecuente fue de las extremidades inferiores 267 lesiones (51%) siendo la mas frecuente la amputación traumática de la pierna 85 (25%) con un valor de escala de MESS 7,1. La mortalidad temprana del personal herido fue del 1,8%. Al comparar con el histórico de mortalidad de personal militar por trauma de guerra se alcanzaba a un 16% (p < 0,01).

Conclusiones

En el trauma de guerra en Colombia predomina el uso de métodos no convencionales de guerra que generan daño severo al organismo con politraumatismo y alto riesgo de amputación.
Mortalidad Por Trauma Cardiaco Penetrante en Bogota, Colombia: Análisis de Factores Asociados
Authors: Isaza-Restrepo Andrés , Bolívar-Sáenz Dínimo José , Tarazona Marcos , Jiménez María Fernanda , Laverde Fabián Armando Gil
Published: October 2012

Antecedentes

La mayoría de las series de pacientes con heridas de corazón publicadas en la literatura son exclusivamente descriptivas y no sufi cientemente grandes para obtener conclusiones estadísticas. La prevalencia de agresiones en la población civil de algunos sectores de las ciudades Colombianas es elevada.

Materiales y métodos

Para estudiar la probabilidad de mortalidad en los pacientes que ingresan a salas de cirugía con heridas de corazón se realiza un estudio de casos y controles anidado en la cohorte histórica de 240 pacientes admitidos a salas de cirugía del Hospital Occidente de Kennedy con diagnóstico de herida penetrante de corazón, Entre enero de 1999 y Octubre de 2009.

Resultados

La mortalidad global fue de 15% (n = 36): 52.9% (9/17) para los pacientes con herida por arma de fuego y 12.1% (27/223) para los pacientes con herida por arma cortopunzante. Los valores del OR permitieron establecer que las lesiones con arma de fuego, el estado hemodinámico, el grado de la herida, las lesiones concomitantes en tórax y/o abdomen y el requerimiento de una toracotomía resucitativa se asocian con mayor probabilidad de muerte. Los resultados del análisis multivariado muestran que los únicos factores que de forma conjunta se asocian con la mortalidad son la lesión con arma de fuego (OR 22.7; IC 95% 4.6-112.9), y el estado hemodinámico (fatal: OR 11.4; IC 95% 1.6-82.0, agónico: 12.8; IC 3.4-48.5, shock profundo: 10.35; IC 2.9-36.4).

Conclusiones

El trauma cardiaco penetrante en nuestra serie fue causado principalmente por heridas de arma cortopunzante, con una sobrevida similar a otros estudios con este mecanismo predominante. Nuestros resultados están de acuerdo con los parámetros de riesgo de mortalidad previamente propuestos en la literatura y en nuestros pacientes el compromiso del estado hemodinámico al ingreso a cirugia y las lesiones ocasionadas por arma de fuego, demostraron ser predictores signifi cativos de la mortalidad. La presencia de taponamiento cardiaco no tuvo un efecto protector.
Perfil Epidemiológico do Trauma em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neopediátrica de um Hospital Geral do sul do Brasil
Authors: Foresti Camyla , Brezolin Daniela Zandoná , Junior Eliseu Perius , Lazaroto Dóris Medianeira
Published: October 2012

Objetivo

Revisar e analisar os dados epidemiológicos dos pacientes vítimas de trauma admitidos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neopediátrica de um hospital geral do sul do Brasil.

Metodologia

Estudo quantitativo, de caráter transversal, retrospectivo, de cunho observacional, que envolveu a análise de dados dos pacientes vítimas de trauma no período de abril de 1997 a maio de 2011. Foram coletados dados de identifi cação, tipo de convênio, motivo da internação, tempo de permanência na UTI e desfecho. A faixa etária foi dividida em quatro subgrupos: subgrupo I, recém-nascidos (RN); subgrupo II, idade de 29 dias até 2 anos; subgrupo III, idades de 2 a 5 anos; subgrupo IV, maiores do que 5 anos.

Resultados

De um total de 2.943 admissões na UTIP, 156 (5,3%) foram conseqüências de algum tipo de trauma. A faixa etária predominante foi a dos maiores de 5 anos, com 90 (58%) admissões. O tipo mais comum de trauma foi o traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE), com 84 (53,8%) representantes, seguido pelo trauma de extremidades (10,2%) e trauma abdominal (8,9%). Também foi observado 12 (7,7%) admissões na UTI devido a queimaduras, 7 (4,5%) por afogamento, 2 (1,3%) por choque elétrico e 2 por ferimento por arma de fogo (FAF), além de outros (12,2%). A média de dias de internação na UTI foi de 4,33 dias. A mortalidade geral devido a causas traumáticas foi de 7% (11 pacientes).

Conclusão

Apesar de apenas a minoria das internações (5,3%) na UTI Neopediátrica do HSC ser decorrente a causas traumáticas, grande atenção deve ser dada a essa condição, pois as conseqüências do trauma vão além do elevado custo fi nanceiro, causando distúrbios emocionais, comportamentais e de desenvolvimento infantil.
Avaliação das Lesões Encontradas, da Gravidade do Trauma e dos Fatores Prognósticos em Vítimas de Atropelamentos
Authors: Kaiser CR , Margarido AC , Silva DV , Parreira JG , Assef JC
Published: October 2012

Introdução

No ano de 2010, no Brasil, especifi camente na cidade de São Paulo, foram registrados 7007 atropelamentos. Das 1.357 mortes em decorrência de acidentes de trânsito, 630 ocorreram em pedestres. Informações mais detalhadas sobre gravidade do trauma, órgãos lesados, causas de óbito e fatores prognósticos poderiam direcionar medidas de prevenção, de triagem e de tratamento nestes doentes.

Objetivo

Realizar uma análise da freqüência, da localização e da gravidade das lesões encontradas, bem como dos fatores prognósticos em vítimas de atropelamentos.

Metodologia

Análise retrospectiva de protocolos de atendimento em trauma, coletados de junho de 2008 a setembro de 2009. A estratifi cação da gravidade do trauma e das lesões foi feita com os índices: Escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), Injury Severity Score(ISS) e Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS). Consideramos lesões graves as com AIS > 3.

Resultados

Formaram o grupo de estudo 855 vítimas de atropelamento. A média de pressão arterial sistólica a admissão foi 128,2±27,0 mm Hg, da escala de coma de Glasgow a admissão, 14,1 ± 2,4, do RTS, 7,68 ± 0,8, do ISS, 7,1 ± 10,2 e do TRISS, 0,96 ± 0,1. As lesões graves foram observadas no segmento cefálico em 108 (12,6%) doentes, no tórax em 40 (4,6%), no abdome em 27 (3,1%) e nas extremidades em 185 (21,6%). A causa principal de óbito foi o trauma craniencefálico em 20 doentes.

Conclusão

As vítimas de atropelamento na sua maioria apresentaram traumas leves a moderados. Contudo há uma incidência considerável de lesões graves, principalmente em segmento cefálico, torácico e em extremidades. A letalidade está associada à presença de lesões graves em crânio, tórax e extremidades, principalmente em doentes admitidos com alterações de dados vitais.
Observations of atmosphere-biosphere exchange of total and speciated peroxynitrates: nitrogen fluxes and biogenic sources of peroxynitrates
Authors: Min K.-E. , Pusede S. E. , Browne E. C. , LaFranchi B. W. , Wooldridge P. J. , Wolfe G. M. , Harrold S. A. , Thornton J. A. , Cohen R. C.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Peroxynitrates are responsible for global scale transport of reactive nitrogen. Recent laboratory observations suggest that they may also play an important role in delivery of nutrients to plant canopies. We measured eddy covariance fluxes of total peroxynitrates (ΣPNs) and three individual peroxynitrates (APNs ≡ PAN + PPN + MPAN) over a ponderosa pine forest during the Biosphere Effects on AeRosols and Photochemistry EXperiment 2009 (BEARPEX 2009). Concentrations of these species were also measured at multiple heights above and within the canopy. While the above-canopy daytime concentrations are nearly identical for ΣPNs and APNs, we observed the downward flux of ΣPNs to be 30–60% slower than the flux of APNs. The vertical concentration gradients of ΣPNs and APNs vary with time of day and exhibit different temperature dependencies. These differences can be explained by the production of peroxynitrates other than PAN, PPN, and MPAN within the canopy (presumably as a consequence of biogenic VOC emissions) and upward fluxes of these PN species. The impact of this implied peroxynitrate flux on the interpretation of NOx fluxes and ecosystem N exchange is discussed.
Cirrus and water vapor transport in the tropical tropopause layer – Part 1: A specific case modeling study
Authors: Dinh T. , Durran D. R. , Ackerman T.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. In a simulation of a tropical-tropopause-layer (TTL) cirrus forced by a large-scale equatorial Kelvin wave, the radiatively induced mesoscale dynamics of the cloud actively contributes to the transport of water vapor in the vertical direction. In a typical TTL cirrus, the heating that results from absorption of radiation by ice crystals induces a mesoscale circulation. Advection of water vapor by the radiatively induced circulation leads to upward advection of the cloudy air. Upward advection of the cloudy air is equivalent to upward transport of water vapor when the air above the cloud is drier than the cloudy air. On the other hand, ice nucleation and depositional growth, followed by sedimentation and sublimation lead to downward transport of water vapor. Under the conditions specific to our simulation, the upward transport of water vapor by the mesoscale circulation dominates the downward transport by microphysical processes. The net result is upward transport of water vapor, which is equivalent to hydration of the lower stratosphere. Sensitivity to model conditions and parameters will be discussed in a follow-up paper.
Stable water isotopologue ratios in fog and cloud droplets of liquid clouds are not size-dependent
Authors: Spiegel J. K. , Aemisegger F. , Scholl M. , Wienhold F. G. , Collett J. L. , Lee T. , van Pinxteren D. , Mertes S. , Tilgner A. , Herrmann H. , Werner R. A. , Buchmann N. , Eugster W.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. In this work, we present the first observations of stable water isotopologue ratios in cloud droplets of different sizes collected simultaneously. We address the question whether the isotope ratio of droplets in a liquid cloud varies as a function of droplet size. Samples were collected from a ground intercepted cloud (= fog) during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 campaign (HCCT-2010) using a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector (CASCC). An instrument test revealed that no artificial isotopic fractionation occurs during sample collection with the CASCC. Furthermore, we could experimentally confirm the hypothesis that the δ values of cloud droplets of the relevant droplet sizes (μm-range) were not significantly different and thus can be assumed to be in isotopic equilibrium immediately with the surrounding water vapor. However, during the dissolution period of the cloud, when the supersaturation inside the cloud decreased and the cloud began to clear, differences in isotope ratios of the different droplet sizes tended to be larger. This is likely to result from the cloud's heterogeneity, implying that larger and smaller cloud droplets have been collected at different moments in time, delivering isotope ratios from different collection times.
Aircraft measurements of wave clouds
Authors: Cui Z. , Blyth A. M. , Bower K. N. , Crosier J. , Choularton T.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. In this paper, aircraft measurements are presented of liquid phase (ice-free) wave clouds made at temperatures greater than −5°C that formed over Scotland, UK. The horizontal variations of the vertical velocity across wave clouds display a distinct pattern. The maximum updraughts occur at the upshear flanks of the clouds and the strong downdraughts at the downshear flanks. The cloud droplet concentrations were a couple of hundreds per cubic centimetres, and the drops generally had a mean diameter between 15–45 μm. A small proportion of the drops were drizzle. The measurements presented here and in previous recent studies suggest a different interaction of dynamics and microphysics in wave clouds from the accepted model. The results in this paper provide a case for future numerical simulation of wave cloud and the interaction between wave and cloud.
Sulphur compounds, methane, and phytoplankton: interactions along a north-south transit in the western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zindler C. , Bracher A. , Marandino C. A. , Taylor B. , Torrecilla E. , Kock A. , Bange H. W.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. Here we present results of the first comprehensive study of sulphur compounds and methane in the oligotrophic tropical West Pacific Ocean. The concentrations of dimethylsuphide (DMS), dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), and methane (CH4), as well as various phytoplankton marker pigments in the surface ocean were measured along a north-south transit from Japan to Australia in October 2009. DMS (0.9 nmol l−1), dissolved DMSP (DMSPd, 1.6 nmol l−1) and particulate DMSP (DMSPp, 2 nmol l−1) concentrations were generally low, while dissolved DMSO (DMSOd, 4.4 nmol l−1) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp, 11.5 nmol l−1) concentrations were comparably enhanced. Positive correlations were found between DMSO and DMSP as well as DMSP and DMSO with chlorophyll a, which suggests a similar source for both compounds. Similar phytoplankton groups were identified as being important for the DMSO and DMSP pool, thus, the same algae taxa might produce both DMSP and DMSO. In contrast, phytoplankton seemed to play only a minor role for the DMS distribution in the western Pacific Ocean. The observed DMSPp : DMSOp ratios were very low and seem to be characteristic of oligotrophic tropical waters representing the extreme endpoint of the global DMSPp : DMSOp ratio vs. SST relationship. It is most likely that nutrient limitation and oxidative stress in the tropical West Pacific Ocean triggered enhanced DMSO production leading to an accumulation of DMSO in the sea surface. Positive correlations between DMSPd and CH4, as well as between DMSO (particulate and total) and CH4, were found along the transit. We conclude that both DMSP and DMSO serve as substrates for methanogenic bacteria in the western Pacific Ocean.
Coupled physical/biogeochemical modeling including O2-dependent processes in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems: application in the Benguela
Authors: Gutknecht E. , Dadou I. , Le Vu B. , Cambon G. , Sudre J. , Garçon V. , Machu E. , Rixen T. , Kock A. , Flohr A. , Paulmier A. , Lavik G.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. The Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) contribute to one fifth of the global catches in the ocean. Often associated with Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs), EBUS represent key regions for the oceanic nitrogen (N) cycle. Important bioavailable N loss due to denitrification and anammox processes as well as greenhouse gas emissions (e.g, N2O) occur also in these EBUS. However, their dynamics are currently crudely represented in global models. In the climate change context, improving our capability to properly represent these areas is crucial, due to anticipated changes in the winds, productivity, and oxygen content. We developed a biogeochemical model (BioEBUS) taking into account the main processes linked with EBUS and associated OMZs. We implemented this model in a 3-D realistic coupled physical/biogeochemical configuration in the Namibian upwelling system (Northern Benguela) using the high-resolution hydrodynamical model ROMS. We present here a validation using in situ and satellite data as well as diagnostic metrics, and sensitivity analyses of key parameters and N2O parameterizations. The impact of parameter values on the OMZ off Namibia, on N loss, and on N2O concentrations and emissions is detailed. The model realistically reproduces the vertical distribution and seasonal cycle of observed oxygen, nitrate and Chl a concentrations, and the rates of microbial processes (e.g. NH4+ and NO2− oxidation, NO3− reduction and anammox) as well. Based on our sensitivity analyses, biogeochemical parameter values associated with organic matter decomposition, vertical sinking and nitrification play a key role for the low-oxygen water content, N loss and N2O concentrations in the OMZ. Moreover, the importance of both steps of nitrification, ammonium oxidation to nitrate with nitrite as an explicit intermediate, is highlighted to improve the representation of microbial activity linked with OMZ. The simulated minimum oxygen concentrations are driven by the poleward meridional advection of oxygen-depleted waters offshore of 300 m isobath and by the biogeochemical activity inshore of this isobath, highlighting a spatial shift of dominant processes maintaining the minimum oxygen concentrations off Namibia. In the OMZ off Namibia, N2O emissions to the atmosphere are comparable with N loss. Anammox contributes to about 20% of total N loss, an estimate lower than currently assumed (up to 50%) for the global ocean.
Bakery enzymes in cereal technologies
Authors: Mikuš Ľubomí­r , Dodok Ladislav , Kováčová Mária , Staruch Ladislav , Koman Václav
Published: October 2012

Bread is the most common and traditional food in the world. For years, enzymes such as malt and fungal alpha-amylase have been used in bread making. Due to the changes in the baking industry and the ever-increasing demand for more natural products, enzymes have gained real importance in bread-making. If an enzyme is added, it is often destroyed by the heat during the baking process. For generations, enzymes have been used for the improvement of texture and appearance, enhancement of nutritional values and generation of appealing flavours and aromas. Enzymes used in bakery industry constitute nearly one third of the market. The bakery products have undergone radical improvements in quality over the past years in terms of flavour, texture and shelf-life. The the biggest contributor for these improvementsis the usage of enzymes. Present work seeks to systematically describe bakery enzymes, their classification, benefits, usage and chemical reactions in the bread making process.
Polyphenolic content and antioxidative activity of wines from the Sobrance wine region
Authors: Špakovská Eva , Marcinčák Slavomí­r , Bača Martin , Turek Peter
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant properties of wines from the Sobrance wine region. White wines generally showed lower content of polyphenols and also posses lower scavenging capacity against DPPH radical than red wines. However, when we compared antioxidant properties of wines to protect polyunsaturated fatty acids against oxidation using to TBA method, no differences were detected. The antioxidative capacity of white wines was comparable to red wines and was higher than antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid solution (0.2 %). The best antioxidant properties were recorded in Cabernet sauvignon (2010) and Frankovka modra (2009) wines.
Effects of Parental Socioeconomic Status on the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in District Karak (Pakistan)
Authors: Suleman Qaiser , Hussain Ishtiaq , Nisa Zaib-un-
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students in District Karak (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Pakistan. The objectives of the study were: (a) to find out the effect of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students (b) to determine the effect of parental educational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students (c) to find out the effect of parental occupational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students and (d) to suggest workable recommendations for the enhancement of the students’ academic achievement. All the students studying at secondary school level in District Karak constituted the population of the study. The study was delimited to only sixty government boys’ high schools in District Karak. The study was further delimited to the students of 10th Class. In order to represent adequate representation of population, only 1500 secondary school students were selected randomly at the rate of 25 students from each school. The study was survey type and therefore the researchers decided to develop self-developed questionnaire for the collection of data. Pilot testing was conducted to explore the weakness, misconceptions and ambiguities of the questionnaire. After the conduction of pilot testing, final version of the questionnaire was developed and prepared. The researchers personally visited to the respective sample and distributed questionnaires among the participants. In this way data was collected. After collection of data, the data was organized, tabulated and analyzed. Chi-square and percentage were used for the statistical analysis of the data. After statistical analysis of data, the researchers concluded that parental socio-economic status; parent’s educational level, parental occupational level; and parental income level affect the academic achievement of students at secondary level. Therefore it is strongly recommended that unemployment should be controlled. Poor students should be provided scholarships, free books and other stationary. In addition, it is also recommended that government should take steps to raise socioeconomic status of people. KEY WORDS: Parental Socioeconomic status, academic achievement, secondary school students
Influence of Management Style on Conflict Resolution Effectiveness in Work Organizations in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Akintayo Dayo Idowu
Published: October 2012

This study investigated the influence of management style on conflict resolution effectiveness in work organizations in South-Western Nigeria. This was for the purpose of ascertaining the relative impact of managerial strategy on conflict resolution effectiveness towards ensuring sustainable industrial peace and harmony in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 211 respondents were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique. A set of questionnaire was utilized for data collection.  A set of questionnaire titled ‘Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory’ (ROCI) developed by Conrad (1991) was adopted for the study. The four generated hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test statistical methods. The findings of the study revealed that: A significant relationship exists between management style and conflict resolution effectiveness (r = 0.356; P < 0.05). I t was also found that there was no significant difference between male and female managers’ conflict management style (t (209) = 17.56; P > 0.05).The finding reveals that a significant difference exists between female and male managers’ conflict resolution effectiveness (t (209) = 5.66; P < 0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that democratic management style be encouraged as conflict resolution strategy in order to guarantee effective management of industrial conflict and sustainable peace and harmony. Also, both male and female managers should avoid the use of autocratic management style in the course of managing industrial conflict.  Rather, participatory management style should be employed during collective bargaining process in order to foster effective management of conflict in work organizations.