bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Centre–Periphery Antagonism in Adjudication: A Case Study on the Spatial Dimension of the Political
Authors: Mańko Rafał
Published: May 2021

One of the key elements of the critical theory of adjudication is the identification of an objective antagonism that is at stake behind a given court case. The identification of the antagonism allows to develop an axis, along which interpretive possibilities can be spread and arranged from those most favourable to social group A (e.g. workers) to that most favourable to social group B (e.g. businesses). The paper discusses the famous Laval–Viking case-law which was concerned with the fundamental rights of workers (right to strike and undertake collective action) and their relation to the economic freedoms of businesses, seeking to escape the high standards of worker protection in their own country either by changing the flag of a ship to a flag of convenience (Viking) or by importing cheap labour force from abroad, without guaranteeing the workers equal rights (Laval). Whereas the vast majority of scholars have interpreted the Viking–Laval jurisprudence as relating to the fundamental socio-economic antagonism opposing workers and businesses, the Slovenian scholar Damjan Kukovec has proposed an alternative reading. According to him, the real antagonism is ultimately between workers from the periphery (Central Europe, in casu Baltic countries) and workers from the centre (Western Europe, in casu Scandinavian countries). By introducing the spatial dimension to the political, Kukovec entirely changes the formulation of the underlying antagonism. The paper engages critically with Kukovec’s analysis and argues that the objective interest of Central European workers lies not in selling their labour at dumping prices, but gaining the same guarantees of social protection as existing in the West.
Contemporary Expressions of Personal Law: Co-Existence or Conflict with the Territorial Law?
Authors: Izdebski Hubert
Published: May 2021

The paper concerns the present role played in law-in-the-books and law in action as well by a very traditional law type, namely that of personal law. In spite of the dominating role that the other type, i.e. territorial law, has played in Western law for more than a thousand years, there are numerous contemporary expressions of the existence and application of personal laws. In particular, this is the case of the vivacity of traditional personal laws characteristic of non-Western legal traditions (above all shari’a), including attempts at their application in the Western environment. There are also various other examples of the recognition, at least in the practice, of personal laws in the Western law jurisdictions, which is indicated with the example of Polish law.
Long-term outcomes of the surgical treatment of girls with a classical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Shiryaev N. D. , Kagantsov I. M. , Gravem P-E.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Currently, to study long-term outcomes of feminizing genitoplasty, which is performed to girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, is an important step due to the limited data in literature on this topic. The purpose was to assess long-term outcomes of feminizing genitoplasty in congenital adrenal hyperplasia in girls depending on their gender identity, sexual orientation and the anatomy of external genitalia and vagina.Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 8 case–histories of girls who were operated on at the Arkhangelsk Regional Children’s Hospital in 2001-2004 was made. In 7 of them, who had low urogenital sinus, feminizing genitoplasty included vaginoplasty with a perineal flap; in one patient, who had a high urogenital sinus, the shortened vagina was advanced down to create a missing part with posterior skin (Fortunoff) and anterior mucous (Passerini) flaps. The Prader scores ranged from III to V. Mean age at the time of surgery was 5.6 y.o. (0.5-14). Mean follow-up period was 17.6 (16-18.5) years.Results. All patients had female gender identity. All four sexually active women reported heterosexual orientation. Cosmetic results were good as stated by physicians, parents and patients themselves. Vaginal stenosis was noted only in one patient.Conclusion. The results obtained have shown that the one-stage reconstruction (clitoroplasty and vaginoplasty) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be successfully performed in childhood; thus, there is no any reason to refuse of the accepted tactics in treating this group of patients.
Atresia of the antral and pyloric parts of the stomach
Authors: Rasputin A. A. , Kozlov Yu. A. , Koval'kov K. A. , Poloyan S. S. , Baradieva P. Zh. , Zvonkov D. A. , Ochirov Ch. B. , Cheremnov V. S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Congenital obstruction of the gastric outlet is one of the rarest surgical diseases in newborns. Its incidence ranges from 0.003% to 1% of all cases of gastrointestinal atresias. This congenital malformation has several anatomical forms and divides into antral and pyloric atresias.Etiology. There is no any unified opinion as to the origin of atresia in the gastric outlet. Several concepts are known to suggest possible causes of the impaired patency of gastric outlet. Among them, there are genetic factors, intrauterine mesenteric ischemia, epidermolysis bullosa.Material and methods. The analysis of 55 literary sources is carried out.Results. The most common systematization of various forms of antral and pyloric atresia divides them into membranous forms (type I), solid forms without diastasis (type II) and forms with diastasis between segments (type III). Gastric outlet atresia can be diagnosed before birth if polyhydramnios and stomach dilatation are revealed at examination. The main diagnostic sign of the abnormality after birth is the radiographic symptom of “a single bubble”. The technique for patency restoration of the stomach distal parts is chosen depending on the anatomical type of obstruction: for pyloric and antral type I atresia, it is recommended to perform membranectomy and pyloroplasty by Heineke–Mikulicz technique; in pyloric atresia of type II and III, gastroduodenal anastomosis is put. Recently, new alternative techniques for restoring the patency of gastric outlet lumen have appeared, namely, laparoscopy and intraluminal endoscopy. Conclusion. Thus, atresia of the gastric antrum and pylorus are fairly rare congenital diseases. Surgical strategies for correcting these abnormalities envisage membranectomy or gastroduodenoanastomosis. A perspective direction in the care of elective cases of congenital gastric outlet obstruction is intraluminal endoscopy and laparoscopy
Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with or without dilatation in hypospadias repair: a comparative study
Authors: Nazmul Islam , Ashrarur Rahman Mitul , Sabbir Karim , Afifa Ferdous
Published: May 2021

Background. After tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty meatal and urethral dilatation is a common practice. There are some complication of uretheral dilatation like urethral bleeding,urethral perforation and creating a false passage. Moreover dilating the urethra regularly is physically or psychologically painful both for the child and the parents.The aim of this study was to justify the necessity of uretheral dilatation after TIP urethroplasty.Materials and Methods. This study was a prospective, comparative study performed in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from July 2017 to June 2020. Total 60 respondents were participated in this study with maintain inclusion criteria. Respondents with primary distal and mid-shaft hypospadias where TIP urethroplasty was indicated, admitted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital during study period were included. Group A was assigned non dilatation group and Group B was assigned to regular urethral ditatation group after TIP urethro- plasty. Fistula formation, meatal stenosis and neourethral stricture were compaired between two groups. Informed written consents were taken from legal guardians. Data ware analyzed by SPSS Program.Results. In this study there was no significant difference of ages between two groups. In Group B 10% (3)respondents developed urethrocutaneous fistula, 10% (3) respondents developed meatal stenosis and 3.33% (1)respondents developed neourethral stricture. On the other hand In Group A 10% (3) respondents developed urethrocutaneous fistula, 6.66% (2) respondents developed meatal stenosis. None of patient in Group A developed neourethral stricture.Conclusion. There was no significant difference in fistula formation, meatal stenosis and neourethral stricture in between regular urethral dilatation group and non-dilatation group after TIP urethroplasty.
Presentación
Authors: Nóbile Carla
Published: May 2021

Tenemos el agrado de presentar el Volumen 11 - Nº 1 - 2021 de Anales de Investigación en Arquitectura, publicación perteneciente a la Cátedra de Historia y Teoría de la Arquitectura de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad ORT Uruguay.
Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework
Authors: Roberts Tony , Hernandez Kevin
Published: May 2021

This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.
Who Can We Count On? Authority, Empowerment and Accountability in Mozambique
Authors: Chaimite Egidio , Forquilha Salvador , Shankland Alex
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we explore the use of a governance diaries methodology to investigate poor households’ interactions with authority in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings in Mozambique. The research questioned the meanings of empowerment and accountability from the point of view of poor and marginalised people, with the aim of understanding what both mean for them, and how that changes over time, based on their experiences with governance. The study also sought to record how poor and marginalised households view the multiple institutions that govern their lives; providing basic public goods and services, including health and security; and, in return, raise revenues to fund these services. The findings show that, even if the perceptions and, with them, the concepts of empowerment and accountability that emerged do not differ significantly from those identified in the literature, in terms of action and mobilisation there are distinctions. In our research sites we found that people rarely mobilise, even faced with prevalent injustices and poor basic service provision. Many claim to be ‘unable’ to influence or force ‘authorities’ to respond to their concerns and demands.
On directions of development of facilities for fastening goods in cars
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Gordienko Andrey Alexandrovich
Published: May 2021

The paper presents an overview of the international experience on application of facilities for fastening goods in cars. In regard with the task to increase the warranty haul distance for loaded cars without commercial inspection that has been set by the JSC «RZD», the paper considers various alternative fastening facilities. The author has analysed the current regulatory and legal acts that regulate loading and strapping of goods on the railway rolling stock from the point of application of new fastening facilities. The author has revealed the main reasons that prevent using modern fastening facilities on Russian Railways and has determined approaches to solve that problem. On the example of pipe products the paper presents the comparative analysis of loading with the use of textile straps and wire fastening.
Optimization of maintenance and repair system of passenger cars based on economic criterion
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Bykov Anatoliy Ivanovich , Zyablov Alexander Vyacheslavovich ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Bespalko Sergey Valeryevich ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to optimization of maintenance and repair system of passenger cars. The method is based on the use of profitability as a criterion of optimization. Revenue from car operation is supposed to be uniform during a service life. Costs include price of construction, expanses on utilization (with deduction of income from the writeoff), expanses on repairs of large volume, expanses of other railway services and variable expanses on current maintenance of a car in inter-repair periods that are assumed to change linearly and quadratically during each inter-repair period. The authors propose a method to consider dependence of current repairs cost on a car condition during its life cycle. They also have developed a method of optimization of costs on roundhouse servicing and major overhaul. The proposed methods are realised on C++ language in the form of software package that can be used to control the passenger car repair system and for development of new cars.
Increase of energy efficiency of traction power supply system by application of voltage regulating devices
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Baeva Irina Anatolyevna
Published: May 2021

Increase of energy efficiency of a traction power supply system in condition of growth of goods turnover becomes a very actual task. The paper considers energy efficiency of both the existing traction power supply system without current regulating devices and the traction power supply system with the use of such devices. The author has determined the influence of increase of speed from 50 to 100 km/h on power consumption on traction including on power consumption according counters of electric locomotives and losses of power in the catenary. Also as a variant of strengthening the paper considers a buffer traction power supply system consisting of main regulated traction substations and a not regulated single-unit traction substation in the middle of inter-substation zone. This system is used in situation when regulation of voltage on main traction substations doesn’t provide the increase of traffic and carrier capacity of sections (directions). Modeling of operation of the traction power supply system has been carried out on a section of the Sverdlovsk Railway. All the calculations have been executed for the batch of freight trains with the mass of 7100 tons. In calculations the author has applied a new clarifying method that includes the use of corrective current coefficients and the assessment of voltage level on an electric locomotive current collector. The energy efficiency of the traction power supply system has been assessed by such indicators as a level of voltage on the electric locomotive current collector, power losses in catenary and transformers of traction substations.
Calculation of bearing capacity of metal lattice catenary pole at torsion of the upper part by finite element method in Femap CAD
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Stupitskiy Valeriy Petrovich , Khudonogov Igor Anatolyevish ,   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Tikhomirov Vladimir Alexandrovich ,   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Lobanov Oleg Viktorovich ,   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU)
Published: May 2021

The paper considers modeling of damage of a metal catenary pole. According to results of calculation it is established that the voltage in elements of bearing structure (in horizontal elements of pole with torsion in console cross section) increases to values that exceed the strength limit of steel from which the pole is made. In dependence from a damage level this kind of defect can be classified both as defective and as critical faulty. In order to carry out engineer calculations, the significant part of which refers to a class of mechanical calculations of catenary suspensions in statics, the authors have used an independent Femap CAD that is developed by Siemens PLM. The paper shows that the lower pole parts are the most loaded and the most responsible elements. At mechanical damage the geometry of the rod changes in the form of bend of profile shelves on 12 mm and curve of its longitudinal axis. As a result, the comparative analysis of rod stability in serviceable condition and at damage of its shelves shows that this kind of damage doesn’t have a significant impact on the bearing capacity of a pole in a whole. But for qualitative assessment of condition of an angle receiving the bend of one or two shelves from real damage at development of the model it is necessary to solve the problem individually with the consideration for various factors.
Methodology for analyzing reliability of the equipment of electric locomotives 2ES10
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Vorobyov A. A. , Smetanin R. S. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the analysis of reliability of the equipment of 2ES10 electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors as a complex system and equipment failures that are often encountered during operation. All submitted failures are divided by type of equipment. Based on the Pareto analysis, the main limiting units of these electric locomotives with the lowest reliability are determined. Based on the Pareto analysis, the frequently failing elements of the main limiting components are determined, which are the mechanical part, wheel pairs, brake equipment, traction drive and traction motors. These elements have a major impact on the safety of train traffic and therefore it is extremely important to constantly assess the condition of these elements. Attention is focused on the analysis of risks associated with the possible formation of operational failures, the system of planned preventive maintenance, methods and tools for assessing reliability, incorrect regulatory and documentation support and fixing operational defects, and their subsequent processing. Such a study makes it possible to improve the safety of the transportation process by careful monitoring of the most vulnerable areas of the rolling stock. This reveals the prefailure state before it occurs. The results of the study can be used as a basis for adjusting the current structure of the repair cycle in terms of reducing inter-repair runs.
Forecasting and verification of railway transport energy efficiency key indicators
Authors:   Omsk State University of Railway Transport, Kashtanov A. L. , Komyakov A. A. ,   Omsk State University of Railway Transport, Nikiforov M. M. ,   Omsk State University of Railway Transport
Published: May 2021

The article reflects the issues of forecasting the target indicators of energy efficiency on the example of JSC «Russian Railways». The approaches selected for assessing the quantitative values of the key performance indicators of the Russian Railways holding in the development of the Energy Strategy for the period up to 2020 and for the future up to 2030 are considered. The accepted methods are conventionally classified into four groups, including: a heuristic method based on the analysis of time trends, an indirect method based on known values of indicators and using mathematical models. The method of forecasting the specific consumption of electricity and diesel fuel for train traction and the energy intensity of the production activity of JSC «Russian Railways» is considered in detail. Regression models have been developed that characterize the dependence of the specific fuel and energy consumption on such indicators as the volume of transportation work, the average mass of the train, and the share of freight work in the total work. In order to assess the accuracy of the obtained forecast values of the indicators included in the energy strategy of JSC «Russian Railways», they were verified by the results of 2017-2019. The results obtained allow us to speak about the sufficient effectiveness of the approaches considered in the article to predict the KPI of JSC «Russian Railways». The error in forecasting the main indicator of energy efficiency of JSC «Russian Railways» - the energy intensity of production activities - was 0,06 %.
Investigation of the accuracy of determining the geometry of the railway track using digital images
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Niyazgulov U. D. , Niyazgulov F. H. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Krivous A. V. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: May 2021

Digital infrastructure as an element of the «Digital Railway» of JSC «Russian Railways» involves the provision of objective, complete and up-to-date information about infrastructure facilities in digital form to solve a wide range of tasks - from engineering surveys carried out as part of the construction, repair and reconstruction of railway infrastructure facilities to the operation of autonomous (unmanned) rolling stock. One of the methods of obtaining such information is digital photogrammetry. At the same time, the highest measurement accuracy is required when determining the geometry of the railway track. When determining the geometry of the railway track with high accuracy through digital images, it becomes necessary to take into account not only the parameters of aerial photography and the quality of digital images, but also the features of image processing programs. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the accuracy of determining the geometry of the railway track using digital images as a result of processing them on the digital photogrammetric systems (DFS) PHOTOMOD and Agisoft Metashape (PhotoScan). The technical characteristics (CFS) of PHOTOMOD and Agisoft Metashape (PhotoScan) are given, the goals, objectives and content of the experimental studies performed are considered, the features of the experimental object, the characteristics of the aerial survey equipment and the methods of control determinations are described.
Environmental aspect of the organization of cargo bypass in the alignment of the corridor «Center – South»
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Vakulenko S. P. , Kolin A. V. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Romensky D. Yu. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Kalinin K. A. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: May 2021

The development of railways is the most important condition for maintaining its position at the transportation market and increasing the competitiveness of railway transport in future. This may be, for example, the specialization of existing railway lines on the line with mainly freight and on the line with mainly passenger traffic. But due to the insufficiently dense railway network, the implementation of such projects leads to appearance of large train runs and an increase in the cost of transportation. The article shows that the organization of high - speed railway traffic on the existing mainline reduces the train running time by using the example of Moscow - Voronezh - Rostov-on-the-Don - Krasnodar - Sochi transport corridor, which is experiencing a shortage of carrying capacity, and the project of specialization of the mainline for high-speed passenger traffic. In the conditions of fierce competition with air and road transport, the travel time of 16-18 hours to Sochi will not change the distribution of passenger traffic between modes of transport, but only maintain the status quo. But the removal of freight traffic from the Voronezh - Rostov line will bring big losses both for JSC «Russian Railways» (the loss of the cargo base) and for the economy of the whole country. The ETW method is used to compare the overall environmental impact of freight trains movement on a non-circular route, their movement through Volgograd, as well as on road transport. It is proved that when the cargo flow is carried out on a circular route, the environmental advantage of railway transport is lost, and its impact is compared with that of road transport. It is concluded that instead of specialization of the existing congested lines, it is necessary to consider the phased construction of a new specialized high-speed railway (HSR), for the payback of which there is already sufficient passenger traffic in this transport corridor.
Resenha da 2ª edição ampliada e bilíngue de Eunice Katunda: musicista brasileira, de Carlos Kater
Authors: Monteiro da Silva Eliana , Candido Marisa Milan
Published: May 2021

A resenha da 2ª edição de Eunice Katunda: musicista brasileira (que inclui o subtítulo brazilian musician), escrita por Carlos Kater e publicada em e-book em 2020 pela editora M&K, tem como objetivo apontar o conteúdo, os principais tópicos abordados pelo autor e, principalmente, as ampliações e atualizações realizadas nesta edição. Partindo de resenha original realizada pelas autoras na Revista Música em 2019, este texto dialoga com o próprio desejo de Kater de contribuir com estudos sobre a vida e a obra de Eunice Katunda (bem como de seus contemporâneos) por meio da inclusão de textos, fotos, partituras, programas de concertos, cartas, manuscritos de partituras, entre outros documentos não constantes da 1ª edição. Com o presente e-book, que traz também a tradução para o inglês, Kater homenageia os 80 anos do que aponta como início das atividades concretas do grupo Música Viva, do qual Eunice Katunda foi uma das principais protagonistas.
Úlcera lingual como manifestação de tuberculose sistêmica – relato de caso
Authors: Coimbra Emerson Lucas da Silva , Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de , Rocha Monica Lage da
Published: May 2021

A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa crônica causada pelo mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lesões orais da tuberculose, embora incomuns, podem ser observadas e se caracterizam como úlceras crônicas e indolores. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de um paciente masculino, apresentando tuberculose em boca. Paciente procurou o serviço de estomatologia do Hospital Municipal Rocha Maia, RJ, Brasil, com queixa principal de dificuldade ao se alimentar e rouquidão, além de tosse e perda de apetite. Foi solicitada tomografia de tórax evidenciando no pulmão áreas de opacidade em vidro fosco e lesão nodular. Ao exame físico intrabucal observa-se lesão ulcerada extensa em ventre e borda lateral de língua e assoalho de boca, dolorosa e de borda endurecida. No exame de baciloscopia nota-se positividade para o mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diante de todos os achados foi realizada a biópsia incisional, e o exame histopatológico revelou diagnóstico de tuberculose. O tratamento proposto foi 2RHZE e 4RHb na fase de manutenção sendo 3 comprimidos ao dia. O presente relato mostra a importância da realização de uma boa anamnese e exame clínico minucioso pelo cirurgião dentista considerando que a lesão oral da tuberculose é diagnóstico diferencial para o carcinoma de células escamosas e outras doenças infecciosas.
FIRST EVIDENCE OF POTENTIAL TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA IN THE WATER-SEDIMENT INTERFACE OF A TROPICAL DRINKING WATER RESERVOIR
Authors: Sepúlveda-Sánchez Marisol , Arismendy-González Lina María , Arboleda-Baena Clara María , Múskus López Carlos Enrique , Pohlon Elisabeth , Flórez Molina Maria Teresa , Palacio Baena Jaime Alberto
Published: May 2021

The Nostocales and Chroococcales cyanobacteria can produce potent cyanotoxins and survive in deep zones of aquatic ecosystems by the formation of morphologically distinguishable resistance structures and temporarily latent colonies in sediments. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and density of Nostocales and Chroococcales with toxic potential in the water-sediment interface. During four samplings in three locations of the drinking water reservoir Riogrande II, some physical and chemical variables and chlorophyll a concentration of different spectral groups were measured, density of cyanobacteria was established by conventional microscopy, and mcyD and mcyE genes were detected by PCR. The environmental factors correlated with the abundance of cyanobacteria in the water-sediment interface were pH, total phosphorus, and iron. The highest chlorophyll concentration was provided by Chlorophyceae, while chlorophyll from the cyanobacteria spectral group fluctuated between 0.07 and 3.6 mg/L in field samples. About 86 % of the total cells number corresponded to the Microcystis complex while the Nostocales represented just 3.35 %. It was possible to find evidence for cyanobacteria with toxic potential in the three sampling points through the detection of the mcyD and mcyE genes. The presence of these cyanobacteria is possibly related to their life cycle and the resuspension processes caused by the way river water enters the reservoir. Additionally, this is the first evidence that demonstrates the importance of the water-sediment interface as a reservoir of cyanobacteria with toxic potential, since they can recolonize the water column in ecosystems that supply drinking water.
REGISTRO PRELIMINAR DE MICROPLÁSTICOS EN FECAS DEL LEÓN MARINO SUDAMERICANO (Otaria byronia [de Blainville 1820]) RECOLECTADAS EN PUNTA SAN JUAN, PERÚ
Authors: Ayala Félix , Cardeña Marco , Cárdenas-Alayza Susana
Published: May 2021

Los residuos plásticos han sido identificados en excretas de otáridos alrededor del mundo. No obstante, en el Perú los reportes previos de estos contaminantes en Otaria byronia no han sido evaluados. En el presente trabajo se reporta la presencia y forma de microplásticos (MP) en las heces de esta especie, recolectadas dentro de un área natural protegida al sur del Perú. Se logró identificar un total de 47 partículas plásticas clasificadas como fibras y fragmentos, cuya media longitudinal fue de 3.02 y 1.19 mm, respectivamente. La procedencia de estas partículas plásticas milimétricas en las fecas de O. byronia se desconoce; sin embargo, otros estudios han asociado la incidencia de MP en la dieta de los animales. Se sugiere mejorar las técnicas de detección de MP en futuros estudios para continuar los esfuerzos de investigación de contaminantes en animales silvestres marinos.
BIOMONITOREO ACTIVO CON Leskea angustata EN LA ZONA METROPOLITANA DEL VALLE DE TOLUCA
Authors: Lara-Almazán Nancy , Zarazúa-Ortega Graciela , García-Chávez María de los Ángeles , Gómez-Hinojos Ana Marcela , Barrera-Díaz Carlos Eduardo , Ávila-Pérez Pedro
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los niveles de Cu, Zn y Pb en la zona metropolitana del valle de Toluca (ZMVT) empleando la técnica de biomonitoreo activo con bolsas con musgo (moss bags) con Leskea angustata como bioindicador, así como determinar si se producen fitoquelatinas (PC) y si hay correlación entre la concentración de éstas y de glutatión (GHS) con los metales presentes en el musgo. Se seleccionaron 10 sitios de monitoreo y en cada uno se colocaron dos bolsas con musgo para ser expuestas al ambiente de la ZMVT durante seis meses. Las concentraciones de metales se determinaron mediante la técnica de fluorescencia de rayos x en reflexión total (TXRF), mientras que el GHS y las PC se cuantificaron empleando la técnica de cromatografía de líquidos de ultra alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas (UPLC-MS). Se evaluó la concentración de metales, PC y GHS antes y después de la exposición y se calculó la tasa de enriquecimiento. Los resultados muestran enriquecimientos de 2 a 30 para metales y de 116 a 569 para GHS. La concentración de PC siempre fue menor al límite de detección. El orden de la concentración total de metales en los sitios de monitoreo fue: Tollocan > Reforma > San Mateo Atenco > Alameda > Aeropuerto > San Cristóbal > Metepec > Ceboruco > Toluca Centro > Oxtotitlán. En general Tollocan, San Mateo Atenco, Alameda y Reforma fueros significativamente diferentes a los demás sitios. El GHS presentó un rango de concentración de 164 a 808 nM/g y presentó correlaciones positivas (r = 0.8) con el Cu, Zn y Pb, por lo que se infiere que la concentración de los metales en estudio tiene relación directa con su inducción. Con los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo se pude concluir que el GHS desempeña un papel fundamental en la bioacumulación de metales divalentes en Leskea angustata de la ZMVT e incrementa su potencial de acumulación, ya que es un mecanismo importante de destoxificación en estos organismos.
OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LAS VARIABLES DEL PROCESO DE DIGESTIÓN ANAEROBIA DE LACTOSUERO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOGÁS
Authors: Cisneros de la Cueva Sergio , Veana Hernández Fabiola , Arjona López Marco Antonio , Álvarez Guzmán Cecilia Lizeth , Pérez Vega Samuel Bernardo
Published: May 2021

Con el objetivo de reducir el consumo de combustibles fósiles y tener biogás con precios competitivos en el mercado energético, es necesario disponer de bioprocesos económicos y de altos rendimientos de producción. En este estudio, se demuestra que la producción de biogás y el rendimiento de metano pueden incrementarse optimizando algunas de las variables del proceso de digestión anaeróbica del lactosuero. Las condiciones iniciales de las variables de proceso, como concentración de sustrato, concentración de inóculo y pH, fueron evaluadas y optimizadas mediante un diseño central compuesto. Las condiciones óptimas para los máximos valores de rendimiento de metano (469.75 ± 3.25 mL CH4/g SV) y producción de biogás (331 ± 1.13 mL) fueron: concentración inicial de sustrato de 24.6 g/L, concentración inicial de inóculo de 22.4 g/L y pH inicial de 7.1. El análisis de los ácidos grasos volátiles indicó que la formación de metano en el biogás se debe principalmente a la transformación metabólica del acetato por la vía de la metanogénesis ecetoclástica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que al utilizar lactosuero como sustrato y en las condiciones óptimas obtenidas, el bioproceso desarrollado en este estudio puede ser una nueva opción biotecnológica industrial para la producción de biogás.
Veracity or Falsehood in the Presidential Elections of Peru and Extreme Parties
Authors: MALLMA PEREZ ISRAEL , Salazar Vásquez Lita
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives: In the current context, the 2021 presidential elections in Peru distance from the social objective, not being objectively represented, that is why we analyze their validity, we determine the distances between the parties if they are extreme, the correspondences with the departments and their prospects, in the surveys we propose which departments influence the results. Methods: We use a mixed methodology, qualitative analysis, it will be multidimensional with the support of statistical methods and programs such as R Studio, worddj, Gephi, and Iramuteq. The quantitative analysis will be through factor analysis, correspondence and discriminant analysis to the data of the election Results and conclusions: The textual analysis mentions that there are dimensions such as the social issue, the results of the surveys and democracy that are far apart, regarding the electoral issue. This inculcates to work both on the part of the organisms that carry out these processes, as well as the initiative of the candidates, and the media. Regarding the quantitative analysis, it is detailed that the representative parties must be greater than 4.0 million voters, to make representative parties at the national level. The classification regarding the percentage of votes is given in three groups, highlighting the independence of the Peru Libre political party in these . In the correspondence analysis we can detail that both Fuerza Popular and Peru Libre are extremist parties. The vast majority of Peruvian citizens have an ideological tendency, intermediate between both parties. The prospective projections with a cross section give a victory to the Peru Libre party. In the discriminant analysis, the sample for the surveys focuses on 7 departments that does not include the Peruvian capital.
Perception to Heat Waves with Social Linkage of Communities As a Moderator in Taiwan.
Authors: Wu Pin-Yun
Published: May 2021

The research examines the relationship between self-rated health situation and personal percep-tion of heat waves, and how social linkage of communities would be a moderator variable in residents’ perception of heat waves in Taiwan. This study uses the questionnaire conducted by Sinica “Responsive Capacity under Heat Wave: The Perspectives of the Locals”(2019), using OLS method for estimating the unknown parameters in multiple regression model. The author finds that the correlation of self-rated health situation and perception toward heat is significantly posi-tive. Also, social linkage in communities affects strongly as a moderator variable: While the sat-isfaction to with their community could reduce negative reaction to heat, contacts with neighbors could increase possibility people feel uncomfortable in high-temperature situation. This study ex-hibits the effects of social environment on community, and expects further related researches or practices to strengthen capability to resist heat wavesƒ for Taiwanese residents.
Self-Disclosure to a Robot: Only for Those Who Suffer the Most
Authors: Duan Euphie Y. , Yoon Ji M. , Liang Edison Z. , Hoorn Johan F.
Published: May 2021

Social robots may become an innovative means to improve the well-being of individuals. Earlier research showed that people easily self-disclose to a social robot even in cases where that was unintended by the designers. We report on an experiment of self-disclosing in a diary journal or to a social robot after negative mood induction. The off-the-shelf robot was complemented with our inhouse developed AI chatbot and could talk about ‘hot topics’ after having it trained with thousands of entries on a complaint website. We found that people who felt strong negativity after being exposed to shocking video footage benefited the most from talking to our robot rather than writing down their feelings. For people less affected by the treatment, a confidential robot chat or writing a journal page did not differ significantly. We discuss emotion theory in relation to robotics and possibilities for an application in design (the emoji-enriched ‘talking stress ball’). We also underline the importance of - otherwise disregarded - outliers in a data set that is of a therapeutic nature.
Tranexamic Acid Is Safe in Patients with a History of Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Zak Stephen G. , Tang Alex , Sharan Mohamad , Waren Daniel , Rozell Joshua C. , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: May 2021

Background:

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is increasingly used to minimize blood loss during total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Although TXA has been shown to be highly effective in reducing operative blood loss, many surgeons believe that it places patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or a history of coronary stents at an increased risk for myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to determine if TXA is safe to use in patients with a history of CAD or coronary stents.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis at a single, tertiary academic medical center identifying consecutive total hip and knee arthroplasty cases over an 8-year period. From this cohort who received TXA intraoperatively, we identified patients with a history of CAD or coronary stents and determined the total myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates within a 90-day postoperative period. Chi-square analyses were used to identify differences in VTE rates between cohorts. A post hoc power analysis was also performed to determine whether our results were powered to detect a difference in VTE rates.

Results:

In the 26,808 identified at-risk patients, there were no postoperative myocardial infarctions. No significant differences were observed for VTE rates compared with the control cohort using either topical or intravenous TXA, with regard to CAD (0.29% compared with 0.76%; p = 0.09) or coronary stents (0% compared with 0.76%; p = 0.14). Moreover, there was no significant difference observed in VTE rates when administration was subcategorized into intravenous and topical methods with regard to CAD (0.13% compared with 0.72%; p = 0.12) or coronary stents (0% compared with 0%; p = 1.0).

Conclusions:

In our series, topical and intravenous TXA were equally safe when used in patients with a history of CAD and coronary stents in comparison with the control cohort. With equal efficacy and risk of adverse events, we recommend intravenous TXA, which may enable easier institutional implementation.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Anatomical Study of the Interosseous Ligament of the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis
Authors: Tano Atsuhiro , Nimura Akimoto , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Yamaguchi Reiko , Okawa Atsushi , Akita Keiichi
Published: May 2021

Background:

The morphological features of the interosseous tibiofibular area in relation to the tensile stress of the interosseous ligament (IOL) have rarely been discussed. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the IOL on the basis of osseous surface morphology and macroscopic and histological anatomy. We hypothesized that the osseous surface of the interosseous tibiofibular area has a specific feature corresponding to the fibrous structure in the IOL.

Methods:

Eighteen ankles from 15 cadavers were analyzed. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images were obtained for all specimens to observe the osseous surface in the syndesmosis and to visualize the distribution of cortical bone thickness. Fifteen ankles were macroscopically analyzed, and the other 3 ankles were histologically analyzed.

Results:

Micro-CT imaging revealed the osseous prominence on the medial side of the fibula. Cortical thickness mapping showed that the thickness of the cortical bone on the medial side of the fibula proximal to the prominence (mean and standard deviation, 1.4 ± 0.5 mm; p < 0.001) was greater in comparison with the other quadrants, namely, the proximal part of the tibia (0.8 ± 0.2), distal part of the fibula (0.7 ± 0.2), and distal part of the tibia (0.5 ± 0.1). Macroscopic analysis indicated that the perforating branch of the fibular artery ran through the proximal top of the IOL, which formed a thickened fiber and was attached to the fibular prominence. Histological analysis revealed that the thickened fibrous part of the IOL attached to the fibula via the fibrocartilaginous insertion. At the middle of the IOL, thin and fatty-like tissue was interposed between the tibia and the fibula.

Conclusions:

We observed that the osseous prominence of the fibula corresponded to the proximal thickened part of the IOL via the fibrocartilaginous attachment. The thickened proximal part of the IOL was consistently found in this location; we believe that this finding was related to the fact that the fibular artery perforated the adjacent distal part of the interosseous membrane (IOM).

Clinical Relevance:

The location of the prominence on the medial aspect of the fibula could be a helpful clue as to the ideal location of syndesmotic fixation.
Inferior Articular Process Fracture in a Collegiate Athlete Causing Back Pain
Authors: Dowdell James , Cong Guang-Ting , Verma Ravi , Gang Catherine Himo , Bauer Thomas W. , Qureshi Sheeraz A.
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 20-year-old male athlete presented with 8 months of low back pain. Conservative management had been unsuccessful. He noted lumbar spine pain with extension, and imaging showed features of an L4-5 inferior articular facet tip fracture. The fragment was excised, he returned to college lacrosse and is without symptoms at the 9-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

In similar cases with facet fragments, we would recommend a full workup and attempt nonoperative therapy. If not improved and a diagnostic injection provides near-complete relief, then resection of the facet fragment can be discussed as a potentially effective and conservative surgical option.
Delayed Treatment of a Traumatic Lumbosacral Dislocation With Associated Injuries
Authors: Achalare Ajinkya , Dhawale Arjun , Chaudhary Kshitij , Thorat Tushar , Jain Paresh , Daver Gustad
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 41-year-old woman sustained a degloving injury over her lumbosacral and perineal region with fractures of her right tibia and fibula. After diversion colostomy and osteosynthesis for the fractures at a primary center, a missed grade 2 lumbosacral dislocation was diagnosed at a tertiary center and the degloving injury was treated with debridement and skin grafting. After 5 months, the dislocation had progressed to grade 4 and she underwent delayed posterior lumbosacral reduction, interbody fusion, and L4-S1 fixation, with superior gluteal artery perforator flap and subsequent colostomy closure, with good outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index 10%) at the 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

A rare, missed, progressive traumatic L5-S1 spondylolisthesis with associated injuries is described.
The Paradox of Ghanaian High School Mathematics Teachers’ Perspectives on ICT Use
Authors: Mensah Farouq Sessah , Agyei Douglas Darko
Published: May 2021

The paper sought to investigate the perceived use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) of high school mathematics teachers in Ghana. A hundred high school mathematics teachers from 20 public schools,10 each located in the rural and urban areas respectively in the Central region of Ghana, were stratified and used in the study. A questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The result of the study indicated low levels of perceived knowledge/skills of ICT use by high school mathematics teachers, contrary to their reported high usage levels of ICTs. The findings of the study also indicated that the high school mathematics teachers’ ICT use in a professional related context (instructional delivery, assessment, and professional learning network) was minimal compared to use for social networking, although they seemed to be fully aware of the relevance of using ICT in a professional related manner. Similarly, their reported technical knowledge/skills of ICT were low. Thus, the results of the study suggest that, though the teachers reported high ICT usage, actual usage seems to be at the peripheries. Among other things,  this study has implications for curriculum development and training in Ghana and countries of similar context. It may be necessary for the  Curriculum Research Development Division (CRDD) of the Ghana Education Service in collaboration with the related agencies to explicitly define parameters such as what ICT tools must be used, when they must be used, and how they should be used when reviewing and revising their mathematics teaching curriculum.