bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arbitration as a Legal Solution for Relationship Breakdown in the Muslim Community: the Case of the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal
Authors: Al-Astewani Amin
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues that family arbitration represents a promising legal solution for relationship breakdown in religious communities such as the Muslim community. Using the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal as a case study, it argues that such religious based forums can provide arbitration services in family disputes.
Influences on Household Formation and Tenure
Authors: Meen Geoffrey , Whitehead Christine
Published: January 2021

Chapter 4 concentrates on new household formation and the tenure choices of younger age groups. Not only have the young experienced lower rates of home ownership than previous generations, but they are more likely to remain with parents for longer or share with those in a similar position. The UK is not alone and many other countries have experienced similar trends. Since younger households are now more likely to rent privately for longer, the chapter discusses whether this represents a change in preferences – renting is more flexible – or whether young households are constrained from entering home ownership by high housing costs, credit constraints, job insecurity, competition from the Buy to Let market, demand from older households and from those wanting second homes.
What Determines the Number of New Homes Built?
Authors: Meen Geoffrey , Whitehead Christine
Published: January 2021

Chapter 6 discusses new house building and the changing structure of the industry. Current housing policy is heavily concerned with ways of increasing supply and, in terms of analysis, the responsiveness of construction to changes in house prices is one of the key parameters. If the response is strong, then increases in demand are primarily met by an increase in supply. If the response is weak then demand increases lead to worsening affordability. The response appears to be particularly weak in the UK by international standards. However, the chapter also demonstrates, through simulations, the extent to which it is feasible to improve affordability by increases in house building. To have a significant impact, increases have to be large and sustained, on a scale that has rarely been achieved in the UK in the past.
Introduction
Authors: von Boemcken Marc , Ismailbekova Aksana
Published: January 2021

The introduction outlines the main purpose and objective of this volume. It compares the conceptual approach adopted here to other writings on security in Kyrgyzstan and locates its particular take on the issue within the wider academic landscape. The introduction provides a brief overview of each chapter and shows how all the contributions are conceptually related to one another. Finally, it explains the overall research project, of which this volume is a result, details the methods applied by the involved scholars and reflects on methodological shortcomings and limitations that became apparent during field research.
Security Practices and the Survival of Cafes in Southern Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Atakhanov Shavkat , Asankanov Abylabek
Published: January 2021

The chapter explores the securityscapes of individuals from the Uzbek minority in the city of Osh in southern Kyrgyzstan. In 2010 Osh was shook by violent ethnic clashes between Kyrgyz and Uzbek residents, which claimed several hundred lives. The contribution asks how the everyday security practices of Uzbeks have changed ever since. It installs its focus on Uzbek catering sector. The chapter demonstrates how Uzbek owners of cafés and restaurants hide any markers that would give away their ethnic identity, including the names of their businesses or the dishes offered there. In highlights the importance of 'food politics' in the ongoing ethnic conflict and the Uzbek securityscapes in Osh.
Securing the Future of Children and Youth: Uzbek Private Kindergartens and Schools in Osh
Authors: Ismailbekova Aksana
Published: January 2021

The chapter continues to study the securityscapes of Uzbeks in Osh following the violence of 2010. Its emphasis is on how certain imaginations of the future influence the construction of everyday securityscapes. In particular, the chapter concentrates on the schooling practices of Uzbek parents, that is to say, on their decisions concerning the kind of kindergartens, schools and universities to which they send their children. It finds that many Uzbek parents want their offspring to be educated in such a way that they are able to speak Russian without an accent. Not only would this help them to conceal their Uzbek identity. It also speaks to the imagination of a more secure future outside of Kyrgyzstan.
Pulse combination and compression in hollow-core fiber for few-cycle intense mid-infrared laser generation
Authors: Qian Junyu , Wang Pengfei , Peng Yujie , Li Yanyan , Shao Beijie , Su Hongpeng , Lv Xinlin , Wang Ding , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: January 2021

The generation of high-peak-power, few-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses using coherent beam combination and nonlinear pulse compression techniques simultaneously is demonstrated. The two pulses, with identical pulse energy of 2.8 mJ and pulse duration of 160 fs, are coherently combined at the input end of a krypton-filled hollow-core fiber (HCF), and then the bandwidth of the combined pulse is broadened to near an optical octave due to strong phase modulations, and the temporal width is compressed into a few-cycle regime. Finally, a 2.7 mJ, 22.9 fs, 20 Hz laser at 4 μm can be obtained, and the pulse peak power is greatly enhanced compared with that of conventional single-channel optical parametric chirped pulse-amplification systems. Furthermore, the peak power generated from this system has the prospect of further scaling up through use of more channels of coherent combination, which can pave a way to generate higher peak power ultra-intense MIR pulses for strong-field physics.
Predicting the mortality of smoking attributable to cancer in Qingdao, China: A time-series analysis
Authors: Qi Fei , Xu Zhenshi , Zhang Hua , Wang Rui , Wang Yani , Jia Xiaorong , Lin Peng , Geng Meiyun , Huang Yiqing , Li Shanpeng , Yang Jun
Published: January 2021

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disability from cancer in China. To provide a scientific basis for tobacco control strategies and measures, this study investigated cancer deaths attributed to smoking from 2005 to 2017 and predicted mortality trends from 2018 to 2020 in Qingdao. We used time series analysis to evaluate the number of deaths attributed to smoking among residents over 35 years old in Qingdao and predicted mortality trends. The number of cancer deaths attributed to smoking in Qingdao from 2005 to 2016 was between 170 and 407, showing an upward trend and a certain periodicity. The best model is the ARIMA (2,1,0)×(3,1,0)12, with the lowest BIC (6.640) and the highest stationary R2 (0.500). The predicted cancer deaths curve attributed to smoking in 2017 is consistent with the actual curve, with an average relative error of 5.74%. Applying this model to further predict the number of cancer deaths attributed to smoking in Qingdao from January 2018 to December 2020, the predicted results were 5,249, 5,423 and 6,048, respectively. The findings emphasized the need to further strengthen tobacco control measures to reduce the burden of disease caused by tobacco.
Does family life education influence attitudes towards sexual and reproductive health matters among unmarried young women in India?
Authors: Tripathi Niharika
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Inadequate efforts towards meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents and young people, who disproportionately share the burden of unwanted pregnancies, poor maternal and child health outcomes, risks of RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS, increase the risk of losing much of the progress made towards the Millennium Development Goals over the last decade, particularly in the context of low-and-middle-income countries like India.

Data and methods

Using the nationally representative data on 160551 unmarried young women aged 15–24 years from the District Level Reproductive and Child Health Survey (DLHS: 2007–2008) in India, this research evaluated the demographic and socioeconomic differentials in the access to family life/sex education (FLE) among youth in India. Using the adjusted multiple logistic regression models, the association between access to family life/sex education and attitudes towards a range of sexual and reproductive health matters among young unmarried Indian women were investigated.

Results

Less than half of the unmarried young women had received some form of FLE (48 percent) in India. However, there were substantial demographic and socioeconomic variations in their access to FLE, as relatively less educated women from the poorest wealth quintiles, religious and social minorities (Muslims, Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes) were significantly less likely to receive FLE as compared to other women. Importantly, the likelihood of holding favourable/positive attitudes towards reproductive processes, knowledge and discussion of contraceptive methods, precise awareness about the transmission pathways of RTIs/STIs and HIV/AIDS was significantly higher among those women in India who had access to FLE.

Conclusion

The present research underscores the protective role of family life education towards improving the sexual and reproductive life experiences of young people. It further underscores the vital need to implement a comprehensive and culturally appropriate programme of family life education in order to meet the sexual and reproductive health demands of the adolescents and young people in India.
Diffusion weighted imaging of the breast: Performance of standardized breast tumor tissue selection methods in clinical decision making
Authors: Wielema M. , Sijens P. E. , Dijkstra H. , De Bock G. H. , van Bruggen I. G. , Siegersma J. E. , Langius E. , Pijnappel R. M. , Dorrius M. D. , Oudkerk M.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

In breast diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) protocol standardization, it is recently shown that no breast tumor tissue selection (BTTS) method outperformed the others. The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of three fixed-size breast tumor tissue selection (BTTS) methods based on the reproducibility, accuracy and time-measurement in comparison to the largest oval and manual delineation in breast diffusion weighted imaging data.

Methods

This study is performed with a consecutive dataset of 116 breast lesions (98 malignant) of at least 1.0 cm, scanned in accordance with the EUSOBI breast DWI working group recommendations. Reproducibility of the maximum size manual (BTTS1) and of the maximal size round/oval (BTTS2) methods were compared with three smaller fixed-size circular BTTS methods in the middle of each lesion (BTTS3, 0.12 cm3 volume) and at lowest apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (BTTS4, 0.12 cm3; BTTS5, 0.24 cm3). Mean ADC values, intraclass-correlation-coefficients (ICCs), area under the curve (AUC) and measurement times (sec) of the 5 BTTS methods were assessed by two observers.

Results

Excellent inter- and intra-observer agreement was found for any BTTS (with ICC 0.88–0.92 and 0.92–0.94, respectively). Significant difference in ADCmean between any pair of BTTS methods was shown (p = <0.001–0.009), except for BTTS2 vs. BTTS3 for observer 1 (p = 0.10). AUCs were comparable between BTTS methods, with highest AUC for BTTS2 (0.89–0.91) and lowest for BTTS4 (0.76–0.85). However, as an indicator of clinical feasibility, BTTS2-3 showed shortest measurement times (10–15 sec) compared to BTTS1, 4–5 (19–39 sec).

Conclusion

The performance of fixed-size BTTS methods, as a potential tool for clinical decision making, shows equal AUC but shorter ADC measurement time compared to manual or oval whole lesion measurements. The advantage of a fixed size BTTS method is the excellent reproducibility. A central fixed breast tumor tissue volume of 0.12 cm3 is the most feasible method for use in clinical practice.
Guerra y milicias en el Siglo de las Luces
Authors: Tejado Borja Rafael
Published: January 2021

A lo largo del siglo xviii las milicias se consolidaron como una fuerza que complementó a los ejércitos permanentes, tanto cumpliendo misiones de defensa del territorio como constituyendo una fuerza militar de reserva a la que recurrir siempre que la situación lo requiriese. En oposición a sus predecesoras de los siglos anteriores, estas estuvieron organizadas por una regulación común y controladas directamente por la Corona, lo que constituyó su principal garantía de supervivencia frente a sus detractores. En este artículo se expone la creación, organización y evolución de las milicias que se establecieron en la Monarquía de España durante el Siglo de las Luces, con especial atención a la provincial, y, además, se trata de rebatir las críticas vertidas contra estos cuerpos durante su existencia, así como en tiempos posteriores.
Los referentes teóricos, literarios y estéticos de la épica dieciochesca en el Correo de Sevilla (1806): a propósito de la lectura de Virgilio, Tasso y Milton
Authors: García‑Minguillán Claudia
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se estudian los referentes teóricos, literarios y estéticos de la épica culta por medio de la publicación en el Correo de Sevilla (1806) de una comparación entre Virgilio y Tasso, además de una curiosa biografía de Milton. Como consecuencia de la lectura de la obra de Juan Andrés Origen, progresos y estado actual de toda la literatura (1784‑1806), se publicaron dos artículos en este periódico, uno de ellos obra de Manuel María de Arjona. En él analiza el estilo de Virgilio y Tasso y pone de manifiesto la importancia de mantener la épica como género literario a través de una lectura emocional que parta del conocimiento de las normas teóricas.
Guerra y mercenarios: la crisis del reclutamiento de extranjeros en el ejército borbónico en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Bragado Echevarría Javier
Published: January 2021

En la segunda mitad del siglo xviii el ejército borbónico experimentó una serie de cambios que implicaron la reducción de su componente extranjero. Sin embargo, el recurso a soldados de otras naciones sobrevivió teniendo que evolucionar hacia la combinación de agentes privados y estatales, lo que explica la coexistencia en este periodo de cuatro sistemas de provisión de soldados desde fuera de la Península Ibérica: la recluta general de Parma, los asentistas privados en Génova, el reclutamiento de las Guardias Walonas y el de los regimientos suizos. Tras una síntesis historiográfica sobre el componente extranjero en el ejército español del xviii, en este trabajo desarrollamos la combinación de dichos sistemas desde 1748 hasta finales de siglo, momento en el que se reforzó la opción suiza, y señalamos los diferentes proyectos que se plantearon para adaptarse a la necesidad de tropa extranjera en cada coyuntura.
La actividad editorial de la Armada en Cádiz en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Martínez Oyarzábal Elena
Published: January 2021

La creación de la Academia de Guardias Marinas en Cádiz en 1717, así como el traslado a esa población de la Casa de Contratación y otras dependencias de la Armada, supusieron el comienzo de un gran esplendor económico para la ciudad. Como consecuencia, las imprentas experimentaron un gran auge gracias a los encargos de la Armada, lo que puso a la ciudad de Cádiz a la cabeza de la impresión y comercialización de libros científicos y técnicos en el mundo hispano. La creación de una imprenta en la propia Academia fue la culminación de este proceso de aportación y difusión de las ideas científicas de la Ilustración en España.
Indian Red
Authors: Lief Shane , McCusker John
Published: January 2021

This chapter introduces the current practices of Mardi Gras Indians in New Orleans. Their activities include dancing, drumming, sewing elaborate suits, and participating in both private and public ceremonies. Although Mardi Gras Indians are grounded in the Black New Orleans community, their traditions represent a blending of African and Native American cultural legacies. Before delving into the history of these blended traditions, a narrative “snapshot” is given of today’s Mardi Gras Indians in action, as they prepare their suits, march through the streets, sing songs from the Mardi Gras Indian repertoire, and engage in ritual combat with each other. As the chapter closes, several details emerge from interviews with current members of Mardi Gras Indian groups, including their organizational structures, artistic inspirations, and spiritual beliefs.
Poor Lo
Authors: Lief Shane , McCusker John
Published: January 2021

While based on local families expressing their blended Native and African legacies, the development of the Mardi Gras Indian cultural system was also shaped by the stereotyped notion of the “American Indian.” Throughout the nineteenth century, as the United States expanded westward across the continent, theatrical and musical productions increasingly incorporated stereotypes of Native Americans, sometimes appearing in Wild West shows. This fell within a larger pattern of minstrelsy, a form of entertainment based on ethnic caricatures especially popular at that time. This chapter examines how minstrelsy, including the Wild West shows, influenced local enactments of “Indianness” in New Orleans. Conventional historiography has often seen the Wild West shows as the point of origin for Mardi Gras Indian traditions. This historical axiom is dispelled, however, and the nineteenth century entertainment industry is instead revealed as a phenomenon which reinforced previously existing cultural practices.
The Ku Klux Klan and the War on Poverty
Authors: Folwell Emma J.
Published: January 2021

Chapter three traces the history of the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi from Reconstruction to the 1960s, before exploring the wave of white supremacist violence that exploded across the state of Mississippi in 1967. This renewed wave of Ku Klux Klan attacks was directed at the state’s antipoverty programs, and in particular at white men and women involved in those programs. The chapter traces the rhetoric used in Klan literature in opposing the war on poverty, which claimed the programs were part of a move toward federal dictatorship. The language fused the core myths and fears on which white segregationists drew—miscegenation, the spread of venereal disease, interracial sex, the threat of black power, and liberal welfare policies that benefitted African Americans. It also illustrates how gender shaped both the Klan violence and its ideology, as attacks on white women teaching in Head Start classes intensified.
Broken Open: Writing, Healing, and Affirmation in Isabel Quintero’s Gabi, A Girl in Pieces and Erika L. Sanchez’s I Am Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter
Authors: Santos Adrianna M.
Published: January 2021

The need for scholarly work on texts that contend with questions of identity, particularly those that deal with outsider status, has become more urgent. This chapter addresses these concerns through a gender studies lens by examining how language, particularly bilingualism and creative writing, acts as a vehicle for Chicana feminist empowerment in two YA novels, Isabel Quintero’s Gabi, A Girl in Pieces, and Erika L. Sánchez’s I Am Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter. The central characters struggle with their feelings of “other-ness” and “Mexican-ness” and use language as a means of self-expression and a way to both unravel and remake themselves.
Afuerxs and Cultural Practice in Shadowshaper and Labyrinth Lost
Authors: Pérez Domino
Published: January 2021

In the young adult novels Shadowshaper (2015) by Daniel José Older and Labyrinth Lost (2016) by Zoraida Córdova, Sierra Santiago and Alejandra Mortiz are the inheritors of great power in their respective cultural communities: shadowshaping, the ability to provide spirits with a physical form through drawing, murals, sculpture, or storytelling; and the Deathday, a ceremony to celebrate a bruja (or brujo) receiving her particular ability, including elemental control, healing, and/or defense, among others. Yet initially, through acts of refusal, the young women are outside of the material, ritual, and cultural practices of their communities.
The Smartest Girl in the World: Normalizing Intellectualism through Representations of Smart Latinx Youth on Stage
Authors: Schroeder-Arce Roxanne
Published: January 2021

In a 2017 interview about her new play The Smartest Girl in the World, Miriam Gonzalez offers, “I’d like to sort of normalize difference.” In the play, Lizzy and her older brother Leo are essentially on a journey to become the smartest children in the world. Unlike much US Latinx dramatic literature for youth, The Smartest Girl in the World does not paint the racial and ethnic identity of the youth as a problem, nor does it reify stereotypes of undereducated, apathetic Latinxs. Rather, the play offers young people a look at young Latinx intellectuals who never question their smartness in relation to their ethnic and racial identity. This chapter explores The Smartest Girl in the World as an example of positive representations of Latin@ characters and families and specifically Latinx youth who celebrate their smartness. The chapter engages theory around Latinx youth identity development, culturally responsive pedagogy, and audience reception to examine how this play specifically and theatre in general may impact Latinx youth who see themselves represented in a legitimate space.
“These Latin Girls Mean Business”1: Expanding the Boundaries of Latina Youth Identity in Meg Medina’s YA Novel Yaqui Delgado Wants to Kick Your Ass
Authors: Herrera Cristina
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the ways in which Latina urban identities have been shaped by popular culture as the “chola/homegirl.” However, this chapter argues that Medina’s novel challenges the seemingly natural alignment of urban Latina identity with the chola by calling for a more expansive view of what it means to be a young, urban Latina. This chapter uses Chicana/Latina feminist theorizing that has examined the chola identity, in addition to sociological research that has studied the ways in which urban girls of color are constructed as “bad” or “delinquent.” This chapter examines the protagonist in light of these theories. Further, the chapter argues that Medina’s novel, in expanding what it means to be a young, urban Latina, questions the ways in which those Latinas who do not model themselves as cholas are victims of identity-policing, rendered not “really” Latina, and dismissed as weirdos or outsiders within this narrow gender/racial identity script that defines chola identity as the only “authentic” young, urban, Latina identity.
The New Orleans Housewives’ League: White Women’s Political Equality and Consumer Reform
Authors: Gessler Anne
Published: January 2021

Chapter two explores how early- to mid-twentieth century New Orleans socialists grappled with two central questions: could an embattled Rochdale consumer cooperative model thrive within a capitalist system, or should it presage a fundamental social, political, and economic transformation? The chapter traces cooperatives overlooked contributions to Progressive female economic institution-building and white women’s enfranchisement during the 1910s and 1920s. White Uptown New Orleanian women studied contemporary American and British socialists who equitably wove women, laborers, and agricultural producers into a national economic plan encompassing cooperative housing, production, health insurance, medical care, and education. Specifically, educated, affluent, and ethnically heterogenous cooperative activists replicated CLUSA’s chain store cooperative networks, which they folded into a broad-based consumer rights platform modernizing and expanding the city’s grocery retail industry and public market system.
Rewriting to Control: How the Origins of Harley Quinn, Wonder Woman, and Mary Magdalene Matter to Women’s Perceived Power
Authors: Coody Elizabeth Rae
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues that for each of the women listed in the title there is a “multi-vocal” origin story that walks a tenuous line between heroism and monstrosity. Each woman becomes a monster when someone telling her origin story rewrites the story to ameliorate a discomfort with a particular aspect of their power. Claiming control or even noting the context of changing perceptions around these heroic women’s origins can offer power to actual women who wish to reclaim their own life stories.
The (Un)Remarkable Fatness of Valiant’s Faith
Authors: Snider Stefanie
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the potential, as well as the limits, of making the superhero Faith Herbert/Zephyr fat. Typically framed as monstrous in western superhero comics, Faith’s fatness is treated textually and visually as if it is not in any way aberrant. The author of this chapter questions whether this representation marks a positive shift in western popular culture in relation to fatness, or whether, in this case, Faith as a monstrous woman has been “defanged” and denied the potential to be subversive of marginalizing norms.
SeDUCKtress! Magica De Spell, Scrooge McDuck, and the Avuncular Anthropomorphism of Carl Barks’s Midcentury Disney Comics
Authors: Yezbick Daniel F.
Published: January 2021

This chapter selects a fascinating duck-faced character to highlight a sexual tension. Even as a duck, Magica De Spell defies the traditional connection between women and children is thus a monstrous threat to the order of Scrooge McDuck’s empire. Her malevolence and charm demonstrate a power to be reckoned with in Duckburg, and as a part of Disney’s influential picture of the wider social world, she exposes mid-century America’s most flagrant hypocrisies of gender and class.
“Death Is Not a Wedding”: The Cemetery as a Polish American Communal Experience
Authors: Pula James S.
Published: January 2021

This chapter fills a void of study on Polish cemeteries in the United States while also following interethnic divisions within the Catholic Church. Comparing a wide array of Polish cemeteries in the United States and Poland, it highlights their role in ethnic and national affirmation and a fulfillment of religious law to bury apart. At the same time, it considers the limits of ethnic distinction as later generations experience upward mobility. Although Americans of Polish descent continued to bury in Polish grounds using linguistic and cultural symbols, their sense of integration led them to embrace broader funerary conventions and subsume distinctively Polish norms within larger Catholic and American practice.
Contouring Black Hope and Despair
Authors: Corrigan Lisa M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines Martin Luther King, Jr.’s production of the “beloved community” that he wanted to produce through direct action protests in places like Birmingham, Selma, and Chicago. It evaluates how hope, disappointment, indignation, and despair framed King’s direct action and the SCLC’s intimate relationship with the black middle class, the White House, and white liberals. After John F. Kennedy’s assassination, King’s faith and optimism were shaken and his language about emotion shifted as he was forced to reconsider and respond to the use of rage as a black political emotion because the decade gave way to a more militant black posture about the white political and emotional inadequacies. Corrigan argues that white failure to perform intimate citizenship limited the civil rights movement and fueled rhetorical expressions that engaged a very different emotional repertoire for both whites and blacks. Many of King’s discourses, especially in relation to Birmingham, focused on the relationship between hope and despair as he attempted to translate black feelings about civil rights to white publics as the crisis of hope deepened in 1963.
Indigeneity, Intermediality, and the Haunted Present of Will I See?
Authors: Rifkind Candida , Fontaine Jessica
Published: January 2021

Candida Rifkind and Jessica Fontaine analyze how the multimodal narrative (comic, animated video, and vocal recording) of the tragic murders of Tina Fontaine and Faron Hall create an alternative history and aesthetics of resistance; that the violence against Indigenous youth necessitates the creating of such multimodal narratives to enact a “politicized practice of empathetic witness.”
Food of the Woods and Plains
Authors: Keeling Kara K. , Pollard Scott T.
Published: January 2021

The chapter is comparative, exploring how Erdrich’s Birchbark series offers a counternarrative to Wilder’s Little House books through Ojibwe food and foodways. It showcases the competing cultural values of the two nineteenth-century families in the stories as well as those of their twentieth-century writers. Wilder chronicles the transplantation of European methods of agriculture into the American Midwest with its attendant restructuring of the environment. Erdrich’s Birchbark series works as a challenging counter-history to Wilder’s colonialist affirmation and depicts a people whose foodways have long worked in concert with their local ecology (as the author’s research into Ojibwe practices of cultivating wild rice and, maple syrup, and berrying, as well as buffalo hunting, made clear.) Through food, Erdrich remaps the region, recreating it as it was before the invasion of European agriculture, producing a richer comprehension of the region’s food and foodways than Wilder’s pioneer vision.
“I Can Still Fix This”
Authors: Donnar Glen
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines allegorical representations of living with terror, following large-scale catastrophe. It primarily analyzes a post-apocalyptic science fiction film, I Am Legend (2007), alongside an earlier film adaptation, The Omega Man (1971), and a touchstone film, The World, The Flesh, and The Devil (1959). Released in periods of national crisis, each deploys an iconic male star and a post-apocalypse to study American (and male) anxieties about race, class and gender. The chapter identifies how, in I Am Legend, paternal failure is entwined with the breakdown of society and the “final man” feminized in the succeeding post-apocalypse. The film outwardly assuages “protective” guilt through redemptive male sacrifice that reinvigorates a militarized masculinity. However, the chapter concludes that not only are females ultimately figured as redeemers, but also sacrificial paternal remasculinization irretrievably undermined by the hybrid indeterminacy of the vampire-zombie “terror-Other” and the hero’s becoming America’s most monstrous “terror-Other,” the suicide bomber.
Adaptive Dissonance in Wizard of Oz Films
Authors: Meeusen Meghann
Published: January 2021

Chapter five traces multiple adaptations across many decades, wherein each adaptation interacts not just with the source text, but also with other adaptations. This chapter builds from theorists like Bakhtin to suggest that in the case of multiple adaptations of a single source, one ideological ramification is adaptive dissonance, or an increased ideological conflict within the adaptation as compared to the source. More than simply a divergence from or conflict with the ideologies of a precursor text, adaptive dissonance describes an internal conflict that manifests within each new adaptation. Considering The Wiz: The Super Soul Musical (1978), The Wiz Live! (2015), Muppets’ Wizard of Oz (2005), and Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), this chapter considers the implications of such adaptive dissonance, especially when it comes to depictions of race and gender in contemporary Oz retellings.
Theory and Pedagogy: A Disney Approach
Authors: Meeusen Meghann
Published: January 2021

Chapter six is a pragmatic application of the theory of binary polarization in children’s’ adapted film, offering specifics about how the theory might be useful in a classroom setting and implemented as a foundation for teaching film in introductory literary analysis, adolescent literature, and specialized children’s literature classes. This chapter uses Disney films, which have been repeatedly criticized for their ideological underpinnings, to suggest how teachers can build from this criticism, pairing it with a consideration of the trend of binary polarization in order to help students delve more deeply into children’s film studies, adaptation studies, and analytical thinking and writing. The chapter offers varying approaches to teaching Disney’s The Princess and the Frog, Maleficent, and The Jungle Book, closing the study by not only recapping key tenants of the theory, but also examining how to apply them.
In the Photography Business
Authors: Lynch John Roy
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses how, chiefly through the efforts of Dr. Patrick H. McGraw, who was an intimate friend of his father, John Roy Lynch secured employment in the photographic establishment of Hughes and Lakin, whose business was carried on in one of the buildings owned by Dr. McGraw. He was employed merely as a messenger boy at a salary of ten dollars per month. While Lynch faithfully discharged the duties for which he was employed, he took advantage of every opportunity to make himself familiar with every detail of the business of photography. Shortly after, he was promoted as printer and his salary was increased to fifteen dollars per month, since his work in that line gave entire satisfaction. He was so much in love with the business of photography that he was anxious and determined to master it with the view of devoting his future life to it if necessary.
The Colored Vote: Mississippi
Authors: Lynch John Roy
Published: January 2021

This chapter reviews the colored vote in Mississippi. It was claimed that in states, districts, and counties in which the colored people were in the majority, the suppression of the colored vote was necessary to prevent “Negro domination”—to prevent the ascendancy of the blacks over the whites in the administration of the state and local governments. This claim was based upon the assumption that in all such states, districts, and counties, if the black vote were not suppressed, black men would be supported and elected to the office because of being black, and white men would be opposed and defeated because of being white. “Taking Mississippi for purposes of illustration, it will be seen that there has never been the slightest ground for such an apprehension. No colored man in that state ever occupied or aspired to a judicial position above that of justice of the peace and very few aspired to, or occupied, even that position.”
Marriage and Divorce
Authors: Lynch John Roy
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses John Roy Lynch's marriage to Ella Wickham, daughter of James A. and M. E. Somerville of Mobile, Alabama. Their marriage proved to be unfortunate, and it was finally dissolved by judicial decree in August of 1900 to which, contrary to his religious convictions upon that subject, Lynch was obliged to give his reluctant consent. This was the saddest blow of his eventful life. Lynch was brought up in the faith of the Protestant Episcopal church and was therefore a believer in the indissolubility of the marriage tie. Divorce he believed to be one of the curses of society, and he had always looked upon it with abhorrence. And yet, Lynch found himself confronted with a situation for the existence of which he was not responsible and which he was unable to avoid and powerless to prevent.
Controversial Convention Procedures
Authors: Lynch John Roy
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses how, as a Mississippi delegate to the National Republican Convention of 1900, John Roy Lynch was honored by his delegation with being selected to represent the state on the Committee on Platform and Resolutions. By the chairman of said committee, Senator Charles W. Fairbanks, Lynch was made a member of the subcommittee that drafted the platform. At the first meeting of the subcommittee, the Ohio member thereof, Senator J. B. Foraker, submitted the draft of a platform that had been prepared at Washington, which was made the basis of quite a lengthy and interesting discussion. This discussion developed the fact that the Washington draft was not at all satisfactory to a majority of the subcommittee. The only amendment Lynch suggested was one which was to express more clearly the attitude of the party with reference to the enforcement of the war amendments to the national Constitution.
In Nebraska
Authors: Lynch John Roy
Published: January 2021

This chapter details how John Roy Lynch's next station after being relieved from duty in Cuba was Omaha, Nebraska. When he crossed the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa, Lynch realized that for the first time in his life he had put foot on what may be called historic soil. It was the first time he had been that far west. Lynch had frequently passed through a number of the Western states, but had never before been as far west as the state of Nebraska. As a young man, he had read about the Missouri Compromise, the Dred Scott Decision, the Wilmot Proviso, the Kansas and Nebraska Bill, and the Fugitive Slave Law, all of which contributed in no small degree to what finally culminated in the War of the Rebellion. When Lynch reached the state of Nebraska, therefore, those important historical events were brought vividly to his memory.
In Hawaii and the Philippines
Authors: Lynch John Roy
Published: January 2021

This chapter assesses how, on the sixth day of May 1907, John Roy Lynch took passage on the army transport Logan for a tour of two years of duty in the Philippines and arrived safely at Manila on the thirty-first day of the same month. The transport stopped at only two points between San Francisco and Manila: Honolulu and Guam. They remained several hours at each place but much longer at the former than the latter. While at Honolulu, Lynch visited many points of historical note and interest. The fact was brought to his mind that as a member of Congress, he witnessed the ceremony that took place in the national House of Representatives on the occasion of an official visit paid to the United States by the then king of the Hawaiian Islands. There was no thought at that time of those beautiful and fertile islands becoming a part of the territory of the United States.
Democrats in the South: The Race Question
Authors: Lynch John Roy
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores how, when John Roy Lynch came to Chicago, whether or not he should take an active part in politics was one of the first questions that occurred to him. He had no intention of actively participating politically in local matters, but it occurred to him that like some other retired army officers, he could, with propriety, take an active part in national matters. But after going over the field very carefully, Lynch found that conditions nationally, as well as locally, were not such as would justify him in doing so. In fact, beginning with the unfortunate administration of President William Howard Taft, the colored American had no standing with either of the two major parties. The Democratic party, nationally, was still a white man's party and, beginning with the Taft administration, the Republican party was no longer a champion of human rights. In fact, the policy inaugurated by President Taft was equivalent to transforming the Republican party, as far as it was in the power of an administration to do so, into a race proscriptive party. In other words, racial identity regardless of merit was made a bar to official recognition.
Towards a Theological Overcoming of Anthropocentrism. The Vegetarian Choice
Authors: Trianni Paolo , Sgarlata Sara
Published: January 2021

The article intends to demonstrate that a theology of vegetarianism is possible, despite some contrary evidence present in the biblical texts. Like other theologies dealing with issues not directly voiced in the Bible, it becomes possible to interpret the biblical statements in a new way, on the bases of a specific methodology. As a result, an objective comprehension will go back inductively to Sacred Scripture. The article advocates for applying this new method as well as for introducing its ethical implications into the Christian tradition. An additional supportive argument in favour of establishing the new understanding can be found in the history of the Roman Church, besides the consolidated custom of carnivorous nutrition: there has been no shortage of positions in favour of vegetarian asceticism. This stance was also represented by Thomas Aquinas. By valorizing classic Christian authors in favour of vegetarianism (starting with Jerome), the inauguration of the theology of vegetarianism becomes legitimised. Such an inauguration would reorient Christian thought toward reconsidering cosmology, ecology and topical contemporary issues such as anthropocentrism and speciesism.
K3 polytopes and their quartic surfaces
Authors: Balletti Gabriele , Panizzut Marta , Sturmfels Bernd
Published: January 2021

K3 polytopes appear in complements of tropical quartic surfaces. They are dual to regular unimodular central triangulations of reflexive polytopes in the fourth dilation of the standard tetrahedron. Exploring these combinatorial objects, we classify K3 polytopes with up to 30 vertices. Their number is 36 297 333. We study the singular loci of quartic surfaces that tropicalize to K3 polytopes. These surfaces are stable in the sense of Geometric Invariant Theory.
Automorphisms of a Clifford-like parallelism
Authors: Havlicek Hans , Pasotti Stefano , Pianta Silvia
Published: January 2021

We focus on the description of the automorphism group Γ∥ of a Clifford-like parallelism ∥ on a 3-dimensional projective double space (ℙ(HF
), ∥
ℓ
, ∥
r
) over a quaternion skew field H (of any characteristic). We compare Γ∥ with the automorphism group Γ
ℓ
of the left parallelism ∥
ℓ
, which is strictly related to Aut(H). We build up and discuss several examples showing that over certain quaternion skew fields it is possible to choose ∥ in such a way that Γ∥ is either properly contained in Γ
ℓ
or coincides with Γ
ℓ
even though ∥ ≠ ∥
ℓ
.
Some infinite sequences of canonical covers of degree 2
Authors: Bin Nguyen
Published: January 2021

In this note, we construct three new infinite families of surfaces of general type with canonical map of degree 2 onto a surface of general type. For one of these families the canonical system has base points.
Construction of Frames on the Heisenberg Groups
Authors: Chang Der-Chen , Han Yongsheng , Wu Xinfeng
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a construction of frames on the Heisenberg group without using the Fourier transform. Our methods are based on the Calderón-Zygmund operator theory and Coifman’s decomposition of the identity operator on the Heisenberg group. These methods are expected to be used in further studies of several complex variables.
Foreign language learning boredom: Conceptualization and measurement
Authors: Li Chengchen , Dewaele Jean-Marc , Hu Yanhong
Published: January 2021

This article reports on a two-step investigation of foreign language learning boredom amongst Chinese university non-English-major EFL students and English teachers. In Study 1, 22 students and 11 English teachers were interviewed and 659 students responded to an open questionnaire, recalling and describing their experiences and perceptions of boredom in learning English. The data allowed a multidimensional conceptualization of Foreign Language Learning Boredom (FLLB), empirically supporting the control-value theory in educational psychology. Based on the conceptualization of FLLB, in Study 2, the Foreign Language Learning Boredom Scale (FLLBS) was developed. Through surveying 808 students in a pilot and 2,223 in the main study, a 7-factor FLLBS with 32 items was validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as further validity and reliability analyses. It is argued that FLLB is a crucial addition to the emerging field of foreign languagelearning emotion research.
Networked control system time-delay compensation based on PI-based dynamic matrix control
Authors: Tian Zhongda
Published: January 2021

The network-induced time-delay caused by the introduction of the communication network in a networked control system has a great negative impact on the stability and performance of the system. In order to compensate for the performance degradation of the networked control system caused by time-delay, a time-delay compensation method based on PI-based dynamic matrix control for networked control system is proposed. In this study, autoregressive integrated moving average model is used to predict the future time-delay. The predictive time-delay replaces the actual time-delay as a parameter of the controller. In order to improve the compensation effect of dynamic matrix control, the feedback structure of the PI control and the predictive ability of dynamic matrix control are combined. The new objective function of dynamic matrix control is combined with PI structure to obtain the optimal control increment value. The PI controller can correct the output of dynamic matrix control and reduce the deviation between the actual output and the predicted output. The effect of the model mismatch and interference on the system is reduced. The robustness and anti-interference performance of the system is improved. The controller can select the appropriate control value to transmit to the actuator to compensate for the effect of the random time-delay in the networked control system. The stability of the compensation method is proved. Through the simulation results, the effectiveness of the proposed time-delay compensation method is verified.
Association of hemoglobin H (HbH) disease with hemoglobin A1c and glycated albumin in diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Authors: He Dabao , Kuang Wenbin , Yang Xiaoling , Xu Miao
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) are glycemic control status indicators in patients with diabetes mellitus. Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease is a moderately severe form of α-thalassemia. Here we examine the usefulness of HbA1c and GA in monitoring glycemic control in patients with HbH disease.

Methods

HbA1c, GA, and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed in 85 patients with HbH disease and 130 healthy adults. HbA1c was measured using five methods, including two systems based on cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (Variant II Turbo 2.0 and Bio-Rad D100), a capillary zone electrophoresis method (Capillarys 3 TERA), a boronate affinity HPLC method (Premier Hb9210), and an immunoassay (Cobas c501).

Results

Significant lower levels of HbA1c were observed in patients with HbH disease than in healthy adults. In contrast, GA showed no statistically significant differences between participants with and without HbH disease. A considerable number of diabetic patients with HbH disease would be missed if using HbA1c as a diagnostic criterion for diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

GA but not HbA1c is suitable for monitoring glycemic control in patients with HbH disease that can modify the discriminative ability of HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes.
Feeding the World in a Time of Climate Change
Authors: Loon Gary W. van , Sarkar Atanu
Published: January 2021

Maintaining a plentiful and high-quality food supply is essential to enable humans to survive and flourish in the coming decades. In 2019/20, an estimated 2.71 Gt of food grains have been produced worldwide. This fundamental food source is alone enough to supply sufficient nutritional kilocalories for the entire current global population. And nutrition is supplemented by the many other crops, livestock and sea food that are part of the overall food system. Yet, in the same year, it is estimated that around 821 million people, more than one tenth of the 7.6 billion people in the world were chronically hungry. There are many reasons for this. Waste—the FAO estimates that around one third of food produced is wasted—is certainly one, but also important are the inequities in the food production and supply system. While much can and should be done to correct these two critical problems, sustainable agriculture remains as the core feature of a healthy food supply.