bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Miniature Step Gauges to Assess the Performance of 3D Optical Scanners and to Evaluate the Accuracy of a Novel Additive Manufacture Process
Authors: Guerra Maria Grazia , De Chiffre Leonardo , Lavecchia Fulvio , Galantucci Luigi Maria
Published: January 2020

In this work, we show how miniature step gauges featuring unidirectional and bidirectional lengths can be used to assess the performance of 3D optical scanners as well as the accuracy of novel Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. A miniature step gauge made of black polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was used for the performance verification of three different optical scanners: a structured light scanner (SLS), a laser line scanner (LLS), and a photogrammetry-based scanner (PSSRT), having comparable resolutions and working volumes. Results have shown a good agreement between the involved scanners, with errors below 5 μm and expanded uncertainties below 10 μm. The step gauge geometry due to the bidirectional lengths, highlights that there is a different interaction between the optical properties of the step gauge under measurement and each optical instrument involved and this aspect has to be considered in the uncertainty budget. The same geometry, due to its great significance in the detection of systematic errors, was used, as a novelty, to evaluate the accuracy of Lithography-based Ceramics Manufacturing (LCM), a proprietary additive manufacturing technology used for the fabrication of medical implants. In particular, two miniature step gauges made of Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) were produced. Measurements conducted with the SLS scanner were characterized by a negligible error and by an uncertainty of about 5 μm. Deviations of the manufactured step gauges with respect to the Computer Aided Designed (CAD) model were comprised between ±50 μm, with positive deviations in the order of 100 μm on vertical sides. Differences in the order of 50 μm between the two step gauges were registered.
C/N0 Estimator Based on the Adaptive Strong Tracking Kalman Filter for GNSS Vector Receivers
Authors: Liu Shiming , Li Sihai , Zheng Jiangtao , Fu Qiangwen , Yuan Yanhua
Published: January 2020

The carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) is an important indicator of the signal quality of global navigation satellite system receivers. In a vector receiver, estimating C/N0 using a signal amplitude Kalman filter is a typical method. However, the classical Kalman filter (CKF) has a significant estimation delay if the signal power levels change suddenly. In a weak signal environment, it is difficult to estimate the measurement noise for CKF correctly. This article proposes the use of the adaptive strong tracking Kalman filter (ASTKF) to estimate C/N0. The estimator was evaluated via simulation experiments and a static field test. The results demonstrate that the ASTKF C/N0 estimator can track abrupt variations in C/N0 and the method can estimate the weak signal C/N0 correctly. When C/N0 jumps, the ASTKF estimation method shows a significant advantage over the adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) method in terms of the time delay. Compared with the popular C/N0 algorithms, the narrow-to-wideband power ratio (NWPR) method, and the variance summing method (VSM), the ASTKF C/N0 estimator can adopt a shorter averaging time, which reduces the hysteresis of the estimation results.
Security and Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Lee Cheng-Chi
Published: January 2020

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have evolved over the last few decades due to the availability of low-cost, short-range and easy deployed sensors [...]
Quantitative 2D Magnetorelaxometry Imaging of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Optically Pumped Magnetometers
Authors: Jaufenthaler Aaron , Schier Peter , Middelmann Thomas , Liebl Maik , Wiekhorst Frank , Baumgarten Daniel
Published: January 2020

For biomagnetical applications exploiting physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), e.g., magnetic hyperthermia, knowledge about the quantitative spatial MNP distribution is crucial, which can be extracted by magnetorelaxometry (MRX) imaging. In this paper, we present quantification, quantitative 1D reconstruction, and quantitative 2D imaging of MNP by exploiting optically pumped magnetometers for MRX. While highlighting the potential of commercially available optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) for MRXI, we discuss current limitations of the used OPM. We show, that with our OPM setup, MNP can be precisely quantified with iron amounts down to ≈6 μg, which can be improved easily. With a 1D-reconstruction setup, point-like and complex MNP phantoms can be reconstructed quantitatively with high precision and accuracy. We show that with our developed 2D MRX imaging setup, which measures 12 cm by 8 cm, point-like MNP distributions with clinically relevant iron concentrations can be reconstructed precisely and accurately. Our 2D setup has the potential to be easily extended to a tomography styled (and thus slice-selective) 3D scanner, by adding a mechanical axis to the phantom.
Effect of a Single Bout of Acute Aerobic Exercise at Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensities on Motor Learning, Retention and Transfer
Authors: Lorås Håvard , Haga Monika , Sigmundsson Hermundur
Published: January 2020

Acute exercise influences human cognition, and evidence suggests that learning can be improved. According to the cognitive–energetic approach towards exercise cognition, exercise represents a stressor that elevates physiological arousal, which, in turn, increases the availability of mental resources. However, the degree of arousal is hypothesized to have optimal and suboptimal states, and moderate intensity exercise is thus considered to be favorable compared to low intensity and vigorous exercise. The current evidence for such a moderating effect of exercise intensity on motor learning, however, appears somewhat mixed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of aerobic exercise conducted with different exercise intensities on immediate practice, transfer, and 24-h retention of a motor skill. To this end, young adults (n  =  40, mean (SD) age: 23.80 (1.98) years) were randomized to exercise at either 50% or 75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate according to the Karvonen formulae. Immediately after exercising, participants practiced a high-precision golf putting task in a blocked design. Retention and transfer of skill were assessed after 24 h. Results indicated that both groups demonstrated motor learning, retention, and transfer at a similar level. Further works are thus needed to establish the specific relationship between exercise and learning and establish the factors that have an influence.
Determinants of the Turnover Intention of Construction Professionals: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Uğural Mehmet Nurettin , Giritli Heyecan , Urbański Mariusz
Published: January 2020

The voluntary turnover rate of qualified professionals is both a critical issue and a priority issue that affects organizations in different ways. The construction industry has a set of very specific and unique characteristics that demarcates it from all other sectors. This situation is related with strong precariousness and employee turnover, as well as the extensive practice of subcontracting. Furthermore, the construction sector, with its project-based production, is more vulnerable to voluntary turnover intention. Therefore, we aimed, in this study, to determine the key factors that contribute to the voluntary turnover intentions of qualified construction professionals. In this paper, the impact of individual-level value orientations on turnover intention in the construction settings, focusing on the mediating effect of external prestige and organizational identification, are investigated. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is employed to estimate the causal relationships between the turnover intention and other research variables. The analyses are based on questionnaire responses from 441 construction professionals living in Istanbul. The findings indicate that an individual difference in the self-construal is related to turnover intention indirectly by virtue of employees’ perceptions of organizational prestige. Organizational identification also partially mediated the relationship between the self-construal and the turnover intention.
Lean Tools, Knowledge Management, and Lean Sustainability: The Moderating Effects of Study Conventions
Authors: Zhang Bo , Niu Zhanwen , Liu Chaochao
Published: January 2020

It is essential for enterprises to develop lean sustainability. In this way, both the learning and understanding of the knowledge of lean tools becomes necessary. In fact, knowledge management plays a key role in the application of lean tools. In this paper, an in-depth exploration is carried out, investigating the mechanism of knowledge management which mediates between lean tools and the lean sustainability of enterprises, as well as the regulatory role of study conventions. Furthermore, a large sample from a questionnaire survey and a model based on structural equations is applied to test our theoretical hypothesis. It can be stated that lean tools display a positive effect on lean sustainability via the mediating role of knowledge management. Additionally, study conventions positively regulate the relationship among lean tools, knowledge management, and lean sustainability.
Ecological Corridors Analysis Based on MSPA and MCR Model—A Case Study of the Tomur World Natural Heritage Region
Authors: Ye Hui , Yang Zhaoping , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: January 2020

The rapid urbanization process, accompanied by the transformation of high-intensive land development and land use, constantly encroaches on habitat patches, making them increasingly fragmented and isolated, which directly influences the regional landscape pattern and sustainable development. Taking the Tomur World Natural Heritage region as the study area, the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) method and landscape index method were used to extract the ecological source areas of great significance to the construction of ecological corridors. Then, using the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR), the comprehensive resistance surface was constructed and the potential corridors were generated by the minimum cost path method. Finally, according to the gravity model, the important corridors of the study area were designed. Results showed that the MSPA method and MCR model can be used in combination to identify the potential ecological corridors in the study area and clarify the priority of landscape element protection in the study area, which can provide guidance to construct the ecological network and provide reference for other regions as well.
Conceptualizing Sustainability Governance Implementation for Infrastructure Delivery Systems in Developing Countries: Success Factors
Authors: Awuzie Bankole , Monyane Thabiso Godfrey
Published: January 2020

Infrastructure delivery processes possess the potential to negatively influence sustainability. To curb the incidence of these processes within infrastructure delivery systems, the enthronement of an effective project management and governance framework becomes imperative. This led to the emergence of literature on sustainable project management practice. However, studies seeking to modify existing project governance structures in like manner remain limited. This study contributes to this emerging discourse on the utility of project governance competencies in facilitating sustainable infrastructure delivery. To achieve this objective, this study identifies critical success factors central to the design of effective sustainability governance structures of a typical infrastructure delivery (ID) system with the assistance of a cybernetic system framework—the viable infrastructure delivery systems model (VIDM). Adopting a qualitative multi-case study research design, this study deploys semi-structured interviews for data elicitation through purposively sampled interviewees within the identified cases and a document review. Qualitative content analysis (QCA) was deployed for data analysis. Findings from this study provide success factors for designing effective sustainability governance structures for ID systems. It is expected that the findings from this study will contribute to the emerging discourse concerning sustainability governance of ID systems.
Identification of Critical Source Areas of Nitrogen Load in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed under Different Hydrological Conditions
Authors: Guo Yingzhuang , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhou Lili , Melching Charles , Li Zeqi
Published: January 2020

The spatiotemporal distribution of critical source areas (CSAs) will change with hydrological conditions. In this study, the CSAs of nitrogen load under different hydrological conditions in the Chaohe River watershed were identified using the cumulative pollution load curve method determined from the nitrogen pollution simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The results showed that: (1) The order of factors impacting nitrogen load intensity is as follows: fertilization intensity, rainfall, runoff, land use type, slope type, and soil type. (2) The primary and secondary CSAs are concentrated in the upper and lower areas of the watershed, where cultivated land (8.36%) and grassland (52.55%) are more abundant. The potential pollution source areas are concentrated in the upper and middle areas of the watershed, where cultivated land (6.99%), grassland (42.37%), and forest land (48.18%) are evenly distributed. The low-risk source areas are concentrated in the middle and left bank of the watershed, where forest land (67.65%) is dominant and the vegetation coverage is highest. The research results have significance for improving the accuracy of the implementation of best management practices, and can provide a reference for the formulation of drinking water protection policies for Beijing.
Growing Season Precipitation Rather than Growing Season Length Predominates Maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Jiang Wei , Li Meng , Zhang Guang Yu , Zhang Hao Rui , Yu Cheng Qun
Published: January 2020

Precipitation and growing season length (GSL) are vital abiotic and biotic variables in controlling vegetation productivity in alpine regions. However, their relative effects on vegetation productivity have not been fully understood. In this study, we examined the responses of the maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVImax) to growing season precipitation (GSP) and GSL from 2000 to 2013 in 36 alpine grassland sites on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that NDVImax showed a positive relationship with prolonged GSL (R2 = 0.12) and GSP (R2 = 0.39). The linear slope of NDVImax increased with that of GSP rather than GSL. Therefore, GSP had a stronger effect on NDVImax than did GSL in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.
A Multi-Period Product Recommender System in Online Food Market based on Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Hea In , Choi Il Young , Moon Hyun Sil , Kim Jae Kyeong
Published: January 2020

A recommender system supports customers to find information, products, or services (such as music, books, movies, web sites, and digital contents), so it could help customers to make rapid routine decisions and save their time and money. However, most existing recommender systems do not recommend items that are already purchased by the target customer, so are not suitable for considering customers’ repetitive purchase behavior or purchasing order. In this research, we suggest a multi-period product recommender system, which can learn customers’ purchasing order and customers’ repetitive purchase pattern. For such a purpose we applied the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), which is one of the artificial neural network structures specialized in time series data analysis, instead of collaborative filtering techniques. Recommendation periods are segmented as various time-steps, and the proposed RNN-based recommender system can recommend items by multiple periods in a time sequence. Several experiments with real online food market data show that the proposed system shows higher performance in accuracy and diversity in a multi-period perspective than the collaborative filtering-based system. From the experimental results, we conclude that the proposed system is suitable for multi-period product recommendation, which results in robust performance considering well customers’ purchasing orders and customers’ repetitive purchase patterns. Moreover, in terms of sustainability, we expect that our study contributes to the reduction of food wastes by inducing planned consumption, and the reduction of shopping time and effort.
The Impacts of the Perceived Golf Course Brand Globalness on Customer Loyalty through Multidimensional Perceived Values
Authors: Baek Woo-yeul , Kim Kyungyeol (Anthony) , Kim Doo-Han , Byon Kevin K.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationships among brand globalness, perceived values (i.e., functional, emotional, social, and altruistic values), and customer loyalty in the context of Korean professional golf tournaments. Data were collected from spectators (n = 198) of two golf tournaments organized by the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA). The results showed that golf course brand globalness positively influenced perceived value (i.e., functional, emotional, social, and altruistic). Perceived value (i.e., functional, emotional, and social) was found to be related to customer loyalty. We also found a mediating effect of perceived value (i.e., functional, emotional, and social) on the relationship between golf course brand globalness and customer loyalty. Theoretical and managerial implications along with suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Use of Big Data and Its Effects in a Diffusion Forecasting Model for Korean Reverse Mortgage Subscribers
Authors: Yang Jinah , Min Daiki , Kim Jeenyoung
Published: January 2020

In recent years, big data has been widely used to understand consumers’ behavior and opinions. With this paper, we consider the use of big data and its effects in the problem of projecting the number of reverse mortgage subscribers in Korea. We analyzed web-news, blog post, and search traffic volumes associated with Korean reverse mortgages and integrated them into a Generalized Bass Model (GBM) as a part of the exogenous variables representing marketing effort. We particularly consider web-news volume as a proxy for marketer-generated content (MGC) and blog post and search traffic volumes as proxies for user-generated content (UGC). Empirical analysis provides some interesting findings: First, the GBM by incorporating big data is helpful for forecasting the sales of Korean reverse mortgages, and second, the UGC as an exogenous variable is more useful for predicting sales volume than the MGC. The UGC can explain consumers’ interest relatively well. Additional sensitivity analysis supports that the UGC is important for increasing sales volume. Finally, prediction performance is different between blog posts and search traffic volumes.
Lean-Green Manufacturing Practices and Their Link with Sustainability: A Critical Review
Authors: Abualfaraa Wadhah , Salonitis Konstantinos , Al-Ashaab Ahmed , Ala’raj Maher
Published: January 2020

The current rapidly changing and highly competitive market has put companies under a great pressure towards adopting sustainable practices, in terms of keeping a healthy balance among economic, environmental and social performances. In this context, the lean-green manufacturing approach, which combines lean practices focused on customers’ demand, and green practices focused on reducing the business’ environmental impact, has gained popularity. Nevertheless, the lean-green manufacturing is still a relatively new practice, lacking a clear and structured research definition, and of significant evidence of successful cases in the practice. In this paper, a literature review is conducted to identify the actual possibility of combining lean and green practices, the current trends for implementing such combination and the potential sustainability improvements such implementation can lead. It is the authors’ intention that the findings analysed in this paper can contribute to the state-of-the-art of lean-green manufacturing and provide practitioners with a useful tool towards developing effective strategies for its deployment.
Boards that Make a Difference in Firm’s Acquisitions: The Role of Interlocks and Former Politicians in Spain
Authors: Kopoboru Santiago , Cuevas-Rodríguez Gloria , Pérez-Calero Leticia
Published: January 2020

This study examines the influence of board interlocks and former politicians on decisions regarding acquisitions in Spain. Our research suggests that board interlocks to other firms can positively influence operations in terms of acquisition scale. Our findings also show that this relationship is positively moderated by the presence of former politicians. That is, the effects of interlocks on acquisitions are amplified further when there are former politicians on boards, which confirms their role as community influentials. In the case of Spain, and under-regulated industries, this complementary effect is maintained. However, the role played by interlocks seems to be more important than former politicians, which means that board interlocks can replace other formal methods of acquiring information (through former politicians) while attempting acquisitions.
Study of the Effects of Vent Configuration on Mono-Span Greenhouse Ventilation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Akrami Mohammad , Javadi Akbar A. , Hassanein Matthew J. , Farmani Raziyeh , Dibaj Mahdieh , Tabor Gavin R. , Negm Abdelazim
Published: January 2020

The rise in the human population, its density and scarcity of resources require cost-effective solutions for sustainable energy and water resources. Smart and sustainable agriculture is one important factor for future green cities to tackle climate change as a cost-effective solution to save energy and water. However, greenhouses (GH) require consistent ventilation due to their internal temperatures, and this can be an energy-intensive operation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the potential factors involved. In this study, the effect of vent configuration of a mono-span greenhouse with roof and side vents at low wind speeds was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The validated simulations were then performed on different models to analyse the effects of the vents’ locations on the ventilation requirements. The side vents were found to contribute most to the ventilation. The position of the side vent was found to affect the convection loop in the greenhouse and the air velocity at the plant level. The humidity was shown to be highest under the windward side vent. The roof vent was found to affect the temperature and air velocity in the roof of the greenhouse but had very little effect on the distributions at the plant level.
Research on Rotorcraft Blade Tip Vortex Identification and Motion Characteristics in Hovering State
Authors: Du Hai , Kong Wenjie , Wang Yan , Liu Wenjing , Huang Mingqi , Zhang Weiguo , Tang Min
Published: January 2020

The rotorcraft blade tip vortex rolled up by the blade tip when the rotor rotates at high speed will produce a complex induced velocity field, which will have an important impact on the aerodynamic load and performance of the rotor. For this reason, this paper carries out the research on the identification of blade tip vortex and the motion characteristics of the vortex. Through the time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) experiment, the flow field of the rotor at a fixed rotate speed (2100 r/min) with a collective pitch of 6° and 9° was obtained. Based on the vorticity field, Q criterion, and Ω criterion, the research on vortex identification and vortex motion characteristics are realized. The results show that with the increase of blade motion azimuth, the radial position of blade tip vortex gradually contracts inward and the axial position moves downward in hovering state. As the collective pitch of the rotor increases, the radial contraction becomes more obvious, and the axial displacement increases, at the same time, the blade tip vortex intensity increases. Comparative study results show that different vortex identification methods have obtained certain deviations in the vortex center. Compared with other vortex identification methods, the Ω criterion method has a smaller deviation and can accurately identify the vortex core radius and vortex boundary.
Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol, and Their Glucosides in Korean Market Foods and Estimation of Their Population Exposure through Food Consumption
Authors: Lee Sang Yoo , Woo So Young , Tian Fei , Song Jeonghun , Michlmayr Herbert , Kim Jung-Bok , Chun Hyang Sook
Published: January 2020

Major type B trichothecene mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and their respective glucoside conjugates, deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucose (DON3G) and nivalenol-3-β-D-glucose (NIV3G), are present in food products, such as cereals, legumes, and their processed products. Thus, here, DON, NIV, and their 3-β-D-glucosides were monitored in 506 Korean market foods, and exposure to these mycotoxins was estimated in the population consuming these foods. The accuracy and precision of our method, which simultaneously determined four toxins, were 80.1–106.5% and 0.3–12.4%, in four representative food matrices assessed. The incidences of DON, DON3G, NIV, and NIV3G among all food samples tested were 13%, 8%, 12%, and 5%, respectively. The glucoside conjugate with free toxin was found to have the maximum co-occurrence of 49%. The estimated daily intakes of DON, DON3G, NIV, and NIV3G through food intake under four different scenarios were 0.019–0.102, 0.004–0.089, 0.007–0.094, and 0.002–0.095 μg kg−1 body weight (b.w.) day−1, respectively, which are lower than the established health-based guidance values. Overall, our results suggest that the estimated exposure of the Korean population to type B trichothecenes, namely, DON, NIV, and their 3-β-D-glucoside conjugates, may not pose a potential health risk.
Special Issue “Equine Viruses”: Old “Friends” and New Foes?
Authors: Paillot Romain
Published: January 2020

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has recently estimated that the world equid population exceeds 110 million (FAOSTAT 2017) [...]
Immunogenicity of HIV-1 Vaccines Expressing Chimeric Envelope Glycoproteins on the Surface of Pr55 Gag Virus-Like Particles
Authors: Chapman Rosamund , van Diepen Michiel , Galant Shireen , Kruse Elizabeth , Margolin Emmanuel , Ximba Phindile , Hermanus Tandile , Moore Penny , Douglass Nicola , Williamson Anna-Lise , Rybicki Edward
Published: January 2020

The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is present on the surface of the virion at a very low density compared to most other enveloped viruses. Substitution of various parts of the stalk domain of Env (gp41) with the corresponding elements from other viral glycoproteins has been shown to increase Env spike density on the cell membrane and surface of virus-like particles (VLPs). In this study, chimeric Env antigens were generated by replacing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of HIV-1 Env with the corresponding regions from the influenza H5 hemagglutinin (HA) (gp140HA2tr) and by replacing the entire gp41 region of Env with the HA2 subunit of HA (gp120HA2). Recombinant DNA and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccines expressing HIV-1 subtype C mosaic Gag and gp150 Env or either of the chimeras were generated. Surprisingly, no significant differences were found in the levels of expression of gp150 Env or either of the chimeras on the surface of cells or on Gag VLPs. Differences were, however, observed in the binding of different monoclonal antibodies to the HIV-1 Env. Monoclonal antibodies, which recognized a V1 / V2 quaternary epitope at the tip of the native Env trimer, bound gp150 and gp140HA2tr chimera but failed to bind to the gp120HA2 chimera. Autologous Tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were produced by rabbits inoculated with DNA and MVA vaccines expressing the gp140HA2tr chimera or gp150 Env, but not those immunized with the gp120HA2 Env. These results showed that the addition of an HA2 stalk to HIV-1 gp120 did not improve immunogenicity, but rather that the full-length gp150 was required for optimal presentation of epitopes for the elicitation of a neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1.
The Impact of School and After-School Friendship Networks on Adolescent Vaccination Behavior
Authors: Mascia Daniele , Iacopino Valentina , Frisicale Emanuela Maria , Iacovelli Antonia , Boccia Stefania , Poscia Andrea
Published: January 2020

Psychological and social characteristics of individuals are important determinants of their health choices and behaviors. Social networks represent “pipes” through which information and opinions circulate and spread out in the social circle surrounding individuals, influencing their propensity toward important health care interventions. This paper aims to explore the relationship between students’ vaccination health choices and their social networks. We administered a questionnaire to students to collect data on individual students’ demographics, knowledge, and attitudes about vaccinations, as well as their social networks. Forty-nine pupils belonging to 4 classrooms in an Italian secondary school were enrolled in the study. We applied a logistic regression quadratic assignment procedure (LR-QAP) by regressing students’ positive responsive behavior similarity as a dependent variable. LRQAP findings indicate that students’ vaccination behavior similarity is significantly associated with after-school social ties and related social mechanisms, suggesting that pupils are more likely to share information and knowledge about health behaviors through social relationships maintained after school hours rather than through those established during the school day. Moreover, we found that vaccination behaviors are more similar for those students having the same ethnicity as well as for those belonging to the same class. Our findings may help policymakers in implementing effective vaccination strategies.
Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Due to Sea Level Rise: The Case Study of the Atlantic Coast of Mainland Portugal
Authors: Rocha Carolina , Antunes Carlos , Catita Cristina
Published: January 2020

Sea level rise, a consequence of climate change, is one of the biggest challenges that countries and regions with coastal lowlands will face in the medium term. This study proposes a methodology for assessing the vulnerability to sea-level rise on the Atlantic coast of mainland Portugal. Some scenarios of extreme sea levels for different return periods and extreme flooding events were estimated for 2050 and 2100, as proposed by the European Directive 2007/60/EC. A set of physical parameters are considered for the multi-attribute analysis based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, in order to define a Physical Vulnerability Index fundamental to assess coastal vulnerability. For each sea-level rise scenario, coastal vulnerability maps, with a spatial resolution of 20 m, are produced at a national scale to identify areas more vulnerable to sea-level rise, which are key elements for triggering adaptation plans for such vulnerable regions. For 2050 and 2100, it is estimated that there will be 903 and 1146 km2 of vulnerable areas, respectively; the Lisbon district being identified as the most vulnerable in both scenarios. Results are available as a Web Map Service for the Portuguese public entities, and through a web map viewer for the public and communities in general.
The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants
Authors: Bailey Jonathan R. , Ahmad Sajjad , Batista Jacimaria R.
Published: January 2020

With an ever-increasing world population and the resulting increase in industrialization and agricultural practices, depletion of one of the world’s most important natural resources, water, is inevitable. Water reclamation and reuse is the key to protecting this natural resource. Water reclamation using smaller decentralized wastewater treatment plants, known as satellite water reuse plants (WRP), has become popular in the last decade. Reuse plants have stricter standards for effluent quality and require a smaller land footprint (i.e., real estate area). They also require additional treatment processes and advanced treatment technologies. This greatly increases the energy consumption of an already energy intensive process, accentuating even more the nexus between energy use and wastewater processing. With growing concerns over the use of nonrenewable energy sources and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, WRPs are in need of energy evaluations. This paper contrasts the energy consumption of both conventional and advanced treatment processes in satellite WRPs. Results of this research provide a means for engineers and wastewater utilities to evaluate unit processes based on energy consumption as well as a foundation for making decisions regarding the sustainability of using advanced treatment technologies at reuse facilities.
ANÁLISE DOS FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO ÓBITO FETAL INTRAUTERINO NOS CASOS ATENDIDOS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO
Authors: Gonçalves Roselane , Brigagão Jacqueline Isaac Machado , Silva Bruna Martins Cardoso , Oliveira Caroline Gonçalves de , Santos Jenifer Daniele de Lima
Published: January 2020

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os fatores associados aos óbitos fetais intrauterinos a partir dos registros nos prontuários médicos, de um hospital público da região metropolitana de São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2015. Método: Realizou-se estudo exploratório descritivo e retrospectivo. Resultados: A análise de prontuários permitiu identificar que a idade gestacional, quando da ocorrência do óbito fetal, majoritariamente estava entre 28 e 37 semanas, o peso da maioria dos bebês estava acima de 2000g e as patologias predominantes foram as síndromes hipertensivas. Conclusões: Dada a possibilidade de identificação precoce e monitoramento de tais patologias pela atenção básica na assistência ao pré-natal, concluiu-se que é fundamental investir nestes serviços, com vistas à prevenção do óbito fetal, bem como na melhoria dos registros nos prontuários e na implementação de ações de vigilância do óbito fetal.
Determination of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and hepcidin levels in calves with endemic viral pneumonia
Authors: DÖRTKARDEŞ Ali Burak , ŞAHİNDURAN Şima
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and hepcidin levels in respiratory infections caused by various viral agents in calves. Pneumonia is an infectious or non-infectious disease affecting the lungs of all animals, and during the inflammation, blood levels of acute phase proteins increase rapidly. Hepcidin is a hormone that has many functions and is known as type II acute phase reactant. The blood samples were collected from a total of 20 calves to form the study group. The control group consisted of 10 healthy animals. Sera were analyzed with ELISA for antigen detection. According to the results, Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BHV-1) was positive in 3 calves, Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was positive in 3 calves, Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was positive in 1 calf, and Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPI3) was positive in 1 calf. Adenovirus infection was detected in 5 animals together with other viruses. Mixed infections were observed in 12 calves. Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and hepcidin values were measured in sera. According to the results, statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for the haptoglobin (P<0.01), serum amyloid A (P<0.05) and hepcidin (P<0.05). It was concluded that these parameters can be used to support the diagnosis of respiratory infections of the calves.
Concentration-Dependent Solar Thermochemical CO
2
/H
2
O Splitting Performance by Vanadia–Ceria Multiphase Metal Oxide Systems
Authors: Riaz Asim , Ali Muhammad Umair , Enge T. Gabriel , Tsuzuki Takuya , Lowe Adrian , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: January 2020

The effects of V and Ce concentrations (each varying in the 0–100% range) in vanadia–ceria multiphase systems are investigated for synthesis gas production
via
thermochemical redox cycles of CO
2
and H
2
O splitting coupled to methane partial oxidation reactions. The oxidation of prepared oxygen carriers is performed by separate and sequential CO
2
and H
2
O splitting reactions. Structural and chemical analyses of the mixed-metal oxides revealed important information about the Ce and V interactions affecting their crystal phases and redox characteristics. Pure CeO
2
and pure V
2
O
5
are found to offer the lowest and highest oxygen exchange capacities and syngas production performance, respectively. The mixed-oxide systems provide a balanced performance: their oxygen exchange capacity is up to 5 times higher than that of pure CeO
2
while decreasing the extent of methane cracking. The addition of 25% V to CeO
2
results in an optimum mixture of CeO
2
and CeVO
4
for enhanced CO
2
and H
2
O splitting. At higher V concentrations, cyclic carbide formation and oxidation result in a syngas yield higher than that for pure CeO
2
.
Potential for brine storage near the gas storage facility at Lille Torup, northern Jylland, Denmark
Authors: Leth Hjuler Morten , Sparre Andersen Morten , Møller Nielsen Carsten , Mathiesen Anders , Kristensen Lars , Skaarup Nina , Nielsen Lars Henrik
Published: January 2020

This study is based on a feasibility study for the Danish Energinet. dk to identify potential formations for brine storage near the gas storage facility at Lille Torup, northern Jylland, Denmark (Fig. 1; Hjuler et al. 2017). Located on top of a salt structure, the gas storage facility comprises seven caverns, which have been washed out by circulating water in the salt dome. One cavern contains c. 520.000 m3 of intrusive brine that must be disposed of in order to increase the storage volume for gas. One option is to inject the brine into the subsurface if a target with appropriate storage properties can be identified, but it is a prerequisite that the stored brine does not compromise freshwater reservoirs. Due to cost considerations, the brine storage should be situated within a radius of 50 km of the gas storage facility and at a depth not exceeding 2000 m. Based on the national geothermal research conducted during the last decade, a number of sandy formations are considered potential storage reservoirs (Fig. 2; e.g. Mathiesen et al. 2009; Vosgerau et al. 2016). Around Lille Torup, these include the Bunter Sandstone/Skagerrak, Gassum, Haldager Sand and Frederikshavn formations where the two former formations are discarded due to present-day burial depths exceeding 2000 m. In addition, the Chalk Group is considered a potential storage formation due to its importance as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the North Sea, however, due to risk of leakage to the younger sediments and risk of environmental issues, the chalk was discarded as potential storage zone.
Shale fabric and organic nanoporosity in lower Palaeozoic shales, Bornholm, Denmark
Authors: Henningsen Lucy Malou , Høimann Jensen Christian , Hemmingsen Schovsbo Niels , Thorshøj Nielsen Arne , Krarup Pedersen Gunver
Published: January 2020

In organic-rich shales, pores form during oil and gas genesis within organic matter (OM) domains. The porosity thus differs markedly from that of conventional reservoir lithologies. Here we present the first description of shale fabric and pore types in the lower Palaeozoic shales on Bornholm, Denmark. The pores have been studied using the focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) technique, which allows for high resolution SEM images of ion polished surfaces. Shale porosity is influenced by many factors including depositional fabric, mineralogical composition, diagenesis and oil and gas generation (Schieber 2013). Here we discuss some of these factors based on a study of lower Palaeozoic shale samples from the Billegrav-2 borehole on Bornholm (Fig. 1) undertaken by Henningsen & Jensen (2017). The shales are dry gas-mature (2.3% graptolite reflectance; Petersen et al. 2013) and have been extensively used as analogies for the deeply buried Palaeozoic shales elsewhere in Denmark (Schovsbo et al. 2011; Gautier et al. 2014). The Danish lower Palaeozoic shale gas play was tested by the Vendsyssel-1 well drilled in northern Jylland in 2015. Gas was discovered within a c. 70 m thick gas-mature, organic rich succession (Ferrand et al. 2016). However, the licence was subsequently relinquished, due to a too low gas content. The present study confirms a close similarity of pore development between the shales on Bornholm and in the Vendsys sel-1 indicating a high porosity within this stratigraphic level throughout the subsurface of Denmark. However, the rather different development of porosity in the different shale units presents a hitherto neglected aspect of the Palaeozoic gas play in Denmark.
Biostratigraphy of the Hareelv Formation (Upper Jurassic) in the Blokelv-1 core, Jameson Land, central East Greenland
Authors: Alsen Peter , Piasecki Stefan
Published: January 2020

The Hareelv Formation in the Blokelv-1 core is biostratigraphically subdivided by means of ammonite and dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy. The succession ranges from the Oxfordian C. densiplicatum Chronozone to the Volgian P. elegans Chronozone. The mudstones of the Blokelv-1 core are characterised by large amounts of amorphous organic matter. This hampers the preparation and identification of dinoflagellate cysts, which are also commonly degraded and corroded. Ammonites, on the other hand, are common and well-preserved in the core, contrasting with that observed in the equivalent facies and stratigraphic interval at outcrop. Integration of the ammonite and dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphical data yields a robust chronostratigraphic subdivision of the middle Oxfordian – lowermost Volgian cored section.
Petroleum potential of the Upper Jurassic Hareelv Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland
Authors: Bojesen-Koefoed Jørgen A. , Bjerager Morten , Nytoft H. Peter , Petersen Henrik I. , Piasecki Stefan , Pilgaard Anders
Published: January 2020

The marine, mudstone-dominated Hareelv Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Jameson Land, East Greenland is a representative of the widespread Kimmeridge Clay Formation equivalents, sensu lato, known from the greater North Atlantic region, western Siberia and basins off eastern Canada. These deposits constitute the most important petroleum source-rock succession of the region. The present study reports petroleum geochemical data from the 233.8 m thick succession penetrated by the fully cored Blokelv-1 borehole, and includes supplementary data from outcrop samples and other boreholes in Jameson Land. The succession consists of basinal mudstone intercalated with a significant proportion of gravity-flow sandstones, both in situ and remobilised as injectites. The mudstones are generally rich in organic carbon with values of TOC reaching nearly 19 wt% and high pyrolysis yields reaching values of S2 up to nearly 43 kg HC/ton. Hydrogen Indices are up to 363. The data presented herein demonstrate that weathering of abundant pyritic sulfur adversely affects the petroleum potential of the kerogen in outcrop samples. The succession is thermally immature to early mature, except where intrusions have locally heated adjacent mudstones. The documentation of rich gas/oil-prone Upper Jurassic successions in Jameson Land is important for the assessment of the regional petroleum potential, including the North-East Greenland continental shelf.
Provenance of basinal sandstones in the Upper Jurassic Hareelv Formation, Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland
Authors: Olivarius Mette , Bjerager Morten , Keulen Nynke , Knudsen Christian , Kokfelt Thomas F.
Published: January 2020

Zircon U–Pb geochronology and heavy mineral CCSEM analysis were used to interpret the provenance of Oxfordian–Volgian sandstones of the Hareelv Formation in East Greenland. Six samples were collected from the Blokelv-1 core drilled in southern Jameson Land, and the zircon age distributions and heavy-mineral assemblages are quite uniform. The samples contain a wide spectrum of Archaean to Palaeozoic zircon ages with peak ages at 2.71, 2.49, 1.95, 1.65, 1.49, 1.37, 1.10 and 0.43 Ga when combining all data. The heavy-mineral compositions show derivation from felsic source rocks, some of which were metamorphic. The results reveal that the sediment was derived from the Caledonides, and it is plausible that some or all of the material has experienced several cycles of sedimentation. Devonian and Carboniferous sediments preserved north of the area have zircon age distributions that correspond to those from the Hareelv Formation, and such rocks may have been reworked into the Jameson Land Basin. The provenance signature describes both the gravity-flow sandstones of the Hareelv Formation and the delta-edge sands that are inferred to have fed them. Lithological and provenance contrasts between the sandstones of the Sjællandselv Member and those of the Katedralen Member indicate a shorter transport distance, source to sink, suggestive of proximal topographic rejuvenation in the Volgian.
Igneous intrusions in the cored Upper Jurassic succession of the Blokelv-1 borehole, Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland
Authors: Larsen Lotte M
Published: January 2020

The fully cored Upper Jurassic succession in the Blokelv-1 borehole in the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland, is intersected by igneous intrusions at four levels; the intrusions comprise a c. 15 cm thick dyke and three sills with thicknesses of 0.7, 1.2 and 1.9 m. The sills consist of fine-grained, sparsely plagioclase-olivine-phyric basalt with chilled contacts to the sediments. Analyses of two sills gave very similar results. The sills are tholeiitic basalts with compositions similar to the main group of dykes and sills in the Jameson Land Basin, and the Blokelv-1 sills are thus considered to belong to this group which has been dated at c. 53 Ma. The intrusions form part of a 55–51 Ma suite of tholeiitic basalt intrusions that was emplaced over an area extending for over 500 km north-to-south within the sedimentary basins of East and North-East Greenland.
Burial and exhumation history of the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland, estimated from thermochronological data from the Blokelv-1 core
Authors: Green Paul F. , Japsen Peter
Published: January 2020

Apatite fission-track analysis (AFTA) data in two Upper Jurassic core samples from the 231 m deep Blokelv-1 borehole, Jameson Land, East Greenland, combined with vitrinite reflectance data and regional AFTA data, define three palaeo-thermal episodes. We interpret localised early Eocene (55– 50 Ma) palaeotemperatures as representing localised early Eocene heating related to intrusive activity whereas we interpret late Eocene (40–35 Ma) and late Miocene (c. 10 Ma) palaeotemperatures as representing deeper burial followed by successive episodes of exhumation. For a palaeogeothermal gradient of 30°C/km and likely palaeo-surface temperatures, the late Eocene palaeotemperatures require that the Upper Jurassic marine section in the borehole was buried below a 2750 m thick cover of Upper Jurassic – Eocene rocks prior to the onset of late Eocene exhumation. As these sediments are now near outcrop at c. 200 m above sea level, they have been uplifted by at least 3 km since maximum burial during post-rift thermal subsidence. The results are consistent with estimates of rock uplift on Milne Land since the late Eocene and with interpretation of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) data off South-East Greenland suggesting that mid-Cenozoic uplift of the margin triggered the marked influx of coarse clastic turbidites during the late Oligocene above a middle Eocene to upper Oligocene hiatus.