bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fluid mechanics of spray cleaning: when the stress amplification at the contact lines of impacting droplets nano-scraps particles
Authors: Lallart A. , Cartellier A. , Garnier P. , Charlaix E. , Lorenceau E.
Published: November 2024

In spray cleaning, a multitude of small drops, violently accelerated by a high-speed gas stream, strike a dirty surface. This process is extremely effective: very little dirt can resist it. This is true even for dirt particles whose characteristic size is less than 100 nm. Spray cleaning is classically modelled by balancing particle adhesion with either inertial stress or viscous shear near the surface, the latter being calculated using droplet size and velocity as the characteristic length and velocity. This results in dimensionless numbers that are often well below one, suggesting that the mechanical stress exerted on the surface by the drop impact that detaches the particle is not well captured. Using quantitative nanoscale measurements, we show that the remarkable efficiency of spray cleaning results from the forced spreading of each droplet on the surface, which generates an unsteady and inhomogeneous shear confined to a boundary layer entrained in the wake of the liquid–solid contact line. In the very first moments of impact, the boundary layer is extremely thin, yielding a gigantic stress: the contact line of the spreading droplets sweeps all the surface particles away. We propose a quantitative model of spray cleaning based on this unsteady surface stress, which agrees well with (i) experimental data obtained with spray droplets of

$34\ \mathrm {\mu }$

m mean radius impacting the surface to be cleaned at a mean velocity ranging between 30 and 70 m s

$^{-1}$

and contamination by nanoparticles of varying nature and shape and (ii) data in the literature on spray cleaning.
Electrohydrodynamic flow about a colloidal particle suspended in a non-polar fluid
Authors: Wang Zhanwen , Miksis Michael J. , Vlahovska Petia M.
Published: November 2024

Nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena, where electrically driven fluid flows depend nonlinearly on the applied voltage, are commonly encountered in aqueous suspensions of colloidal particles. A prime example is the induced-charge electro-osmosis, driven by an electric field acting on diffuse charge induced near a polarizable surface. Nonlinear electrohydrodynamic flows also occur in non-polar fluids, driven by the electric field acting on space charge induced by conductivity gradients. Here, we analyse the flows about a charge-neutral spherical solid particle in an applied uniform electric field that arise from conductivity dependence on local field intensity. The flow pattern varies with particle conductivity: while the flow about a conducting particle has a quadrupolar pattern similar to induced-charge electro-osmosis, albeit with opposite direction, the flow about an insulating particle has a more complex structure. We find that this flow induces a force on a particle near an electrode that varies non-trivially with particle conductivity: while it is repulsive for perfectly insulating particles and particles more conductive than the suspending medium, there exists a range of particle conductivities where the force is attractive. The force decays as the inverse square of the distance to the electrode and thus can dominate the dielectrophoretic attraction due to the image dipole, which falls off with the fourth power with the distance. This electrohydrodynamic lift opens new possibilities for colloidal manipulation and driven assembly by electric fields.
Radial solutions of initial boundary value problems of nonlinear Schrödinger equations in ℝn
Authors: Sun Shu-Ming , Yan Fangchi
Published: November 2024

The article studies an initial boundary valueproblem (ibvp) for the radial solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in a radially symmetric region

$\Omega\in \mathbb R^n$

with boundaries. All such regions can be classified into three types: a ball Ω0 centred at origin, a region Ω1 outside a ball, and an n-dimensional annulus Ω2. To study the well-posedness of those ibvps, the function spaces for the boundary data must be specified in terms of the solutions in appropriate Sobolev spaces. It is shown that when

$\Omega = \Omega_1$

, the ibvp for the NLS equation is locally well-posed in

$ C( [0, T^*]; H^s(\Omega_1))$

if the initial data is in

$H^s(\Omega_1)$

and boundary data is in

$ H^{\frac{2s+1}{4}}(0, T)$

with

$s \geq 0$

. This is the optimal regularity for the boundary data and cannot be improved. When

$\Omega = \Omega_2$

, the ibvp is locally well-posed in

$ C( [0, T^*]; H^s(\Omega_2))$

if the initial data is in

$ H^s(\Omega_2)$

and boundary data is in

$ H^{\frac{s+1}{2}}(0, T)$

with

$s \geq 0$

. In this case, the boundary data requires

$1/4$

more derivative compared to the case when

$\Omega = \Omega_1$

. When

$\Omega = \Omega_0$

with n = 2 (the case with n > 2 can be discussed similarly), the ibvp is locally well-posed in

$ C( [0, T^*]; H^s(\Omega_0))$

if the initial data is in

$ H^s(\Omega_0)$

and boundary data is in

$ H^{\frac{s+1}{2}}(0, T)$

with s > 1 (or

$s \gt n/2$

). Due to the lack of Strichartz estimates for the corresponding boundary integral operator with

$ 0 \leq s \leq 1$

, the local well-posedness can only be achieved for s > 1. It is noted that the well-posedness results on Ω0 and Ω2 are the first ones for the ibvp of NLS equations in bounded regions of higher dimension.
The effect of a perturbation on Brezis-Nirenberg’s problem
Authors: Faria Luiz Fernando de Oliveira , Silva Jeferson Camilo , Ubilla Pedro
Published: November 2024

In this article, we consider some critical Brézis-Nirenberg problems in dimension

$N \geq 3$

that do not have a solution. We prove that a supercritical perturbation can lead to the existence of a positive solution. More precisely, we consider the equation:

\begin{equation*}
\left\{
\begin{array}{rllll}
-\Delta u & = & \lambda u^{q-1} + u^{2^*+ r^\alpha -1} & \mbox{in} & B, \\
u & \gt & 0 & \mbox{in} & B, \\
u&=&0 & \mbox{on} & \partial B,\\
\end{array}
\right.
\end{equation*}

where

$B \subset \mathbb{R}^N$

is a unit ball centred at the origin,

$N\geq 3$

,

$r=\vert x \vert$

,

$\alpha \in (0,\min\{N/2,N-2\})$

, λ is a fixed real parameter and

$q\in [2,2^*]$

. This class of problems can be interpreted as a perturbation of the classical Brézis–Nirenberg problem by the term r
α
at the exponent, making the problem supercritical when

$r \in (0,1)$

. More specifically, we study the effect of this supercritical perturbation on the existence of solutions. In particular, when N = 3, an interesting and unexpected phenomenon occurs. We obtain the existence of solutions for λ in a range where the Brézis–Nirenberg problem has no solution.
Infrastructures of Repair
Authors: Arteaga Rachel
Published: November 2024

The future of public humanities will be determined by the infrastructural investments that support its continued development. These include, in the context of the United States, increased federal funding for the National Endowment for the Humanities; a serious re-engagement in the material support of new humanities scholarly production by private foundations; and a focused effort by humanities organizations to cultivate philanthropic donors. This manifesto argues that the humanities are the rightful inheritance of every person, regardless of background or position. If we are to take seriously both the resource needs of humanities research—which demand that funds be allocated for highly trained scholars to read, interpret, authenticate, preserve, and circulate primary source material—and the idea that no one has a higher claim than anyone else to these sources and processes and the insights they yield—which demands that individuals outside of the academy explicitly experience them selves as equal participants in the humanities—then our approach to both research infrastructure and public engagement must radically shift to emphasize repair. Repair, here, is the interpersonal, intellectual, strategic, repetitious, time-intensive work of ensuring that every individual can claim this rightful cultural inheritance. It is the work of creating the conditions for encounters between individuals and the vastness of history, culture, and difference. The future of public humanities must be in the creation of replicable models for these encounters, in the knowledge that in every instance, the work of the humanities is and must be unreproducible.
THE MULTIFRACTAL SPECTRUM OF CONTINUED FRACTIONS WITH NONDECREASING PARTIAL QUOTIENTS
Authors: SONG KUNKUN , TAN XIAOYAN , ZHANG ZHENLIANG
Published: November 2024

Let

$[a_1(x),a_2(x),\ldots ,a_n(x),\ldots ]$

be the continued fraction expansion of

$x\in [0,1)$

and

$q_n(x)$

be the denominator of its nth convergent. The irrationality exponent and Khintchine exponent of x are respectively defined by

$$ \begin{align*} \overline{v}(x)=2+\limsup_{n\to\infty}\frac{\log a_{n+1}(x)}{\log q_n(x)} \quad \text{and}\quad \gamma(x)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\log a_i(x). \end{align*} $$

We study the multifractal spectrum of the irrationality exponent and the Khintchine exponent for continued fractions with nondecreasing partial quotients. For any

$v>2$

, we completely determine the Hausdorff dimensions of the sets

$\{x\in [0,1): a_1(x)\leq a_2(x)\leq \cdots , \overline {v}(x)=v\}$

and

$$ \begin{align*}\bigg\{x\in[0,1): a_1(x)\leq a_2(x)\leq\cdots, \lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{\log a_1(x)+\log a_2(x)+\cdots+\log a_n(x)}{\psi(n)}=1\bigg\},\end{align*} $$

where

$\psi :\mathbb {N}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^+$

is a function satisfying

$\psi (n)\to \infty $

as

$n\to \infty $

.
EXTENDING CONGRUENCES FOR OVERPARTITIONS WITH
$\ell $
-REGULAR NONOVERLINED PARTS
Authors: SELLERS JAMES A.
Published: November 2024

Recently, Alanazi et al. [‘Refining overpartitions by properties of nonoverlined parts’, Contrib. Discrete Math.17(2) (2022), 96–111] considered overpartitions wherein the nonoverlined parts must be

$\ell $

-regular, that is, the nonoverlined parts cannot be divisible by the integer

$\ell $

. In the process, they proved a general parity result for the corresponding enumerating functions. They also proved some specific congruences for the case

$\ell =3$

. In this paper we use elementary generating function manipulations to significantly extend this set of known congruences for these functions.
A comparative meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies and gene expression profiles revealing the similarities and differences between late life depression and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhao Ling , Niu Lijing , Dai Haowei , Lee Tatia M.C. , Huang Ruiwang , Zhang Ruibin
Published: November 2024

Background

Late-life depression (LLD) predisposes individuals to cognitive decline, often leading to misdiagnoses as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) can distinguish the profiles of these disorders according to gray matter (GM) volumes. We integrated findings from previous VBM studies for comparative analysis and extended the research into molecular profiles to facilitate inspection and intervention.

Methods

We comprehensively searched PubMed and Web of Science for VBM studies that compared LLD and MCI cases with matched healthy controls (HCs) from inception to 31st December 2023. We included 13 studies on LLD (414 LLDs, 350 HCs) and 50 on MCI (1878 MCIs, 2046 HCs). Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) was used for voxel-based meta-analysis to assess GM atrophy, spatially correlated with neuropsychological profiles. We then used multimodal and linear-model analysis to assess the similarities and differences in GM volumetric changing patterns. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and gene enrichment were employed for transcription-neuroimaging associations.

Results

GM volumes in the left hippocampus and right parahippocampal gyrus are more affected in MCI, along with memory impairment. MCI was spatially correlated with a more extensive reduction in the levels of neurotransmitters and a severe downregulation of genes related to cellular potassium ion transport and metal ion transmembrane transporter activity.

Conclusion

Compared to LLD, MCI exhibited more GM atrophy in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus and lower gene expression of ion transmembrane transport. Our findings provided imaging-transcriptomic-genetic integrative profiles for differential diagnosis and precise intervention between LLD and MCI.
Unexpected Transient Dynamics of Meandering Rivers With Unsteady Flows
Authors: Bassani Francesca , Bertagni Matteo B. , Ridolfi Luca , Camporeale Carlo
Published: November 2024

River meandering dynamics are here explored in light of unsteady water flows. While mathematical models have usually focused on constant discharges—a reasonable and widely adopted approach for long‐term considerations—we show that varying flows strongly affect the short‐term planimetric evolution of meanders, before the cutoff occurrence. In particular, flow variability slows down the meanders' dynamics while does not significantly influence the wavelength selection. We support our arguments with numerical simulations and theoretical (linear and nonlinear) analyses, showing that an interplay between out‐of‐phase river geometry and flow is responsible for the meander‐dynamics slowdown. Our results suggest that accounting for flow variability is critical in assessing yearly to decadal meander dynamics with important implications for river engineering and management strategies.
Considering severity in the design of reproductive genetic carrier screening programs: screening for severe conditions
Authors: Freeman Lucinda , Archibald Alison D. , Dive Lisa , Delatycki Martin B. , Kirk Edwin P. , Laing Nigel , Newson Ainsley J.
Published: November 2024

Reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) provides information about people’s chance of having children with certain genetic conditions, to inform reproductive decision making. RGCS at population scale requires a robust and streamlined program that is purposively designed and formally implemented to ensure equity and consistency. There are many considerations in selecting conditions, genes and variants for inclusion in RGCS, with severity of the genetic condition a key criterion. However, the concept of severity is complex and often underspecified in available guidelines. Severity is often determined in relation to other contextual features and can be experienced differently by individuals who all have the same condition. While some genetic conditions are unambiguously considered severe, there are many factors that contribute to how severe a condition is perceived to be (and by whom), and perspectives will vary. In this paper, we analyse why severity is an important criterion when selecting conditions, genes or variants to be included in RGCS. We suggest that screening programs should be oriented more towards variants and genes associated with severe conditions. We discuss the importance of taking a practical approach to gene selection in a carrier screening program when presenting the offer at population scale.
Causal inference concepts can guide research into the effects of climate on infectious diseases
Authors: Barrero Guevara Laura Andrea , Kramer Sarah C. , Kurth Tobias , Domenech de Cellès Matthieu
Published: November 2024

A pressing question resulting from global warming is how climate change will affect infectious diseases. Answering this question requires research into the effects of weather on the population dynamics of transmission and infection; elucidating these effects, however, has proved difficult due to the challenges of assessing causality from the predominantly observational data available in epidemiological research. Here we show how concepts from causal inference—the sub-field of statistics aiming at inferring causality from data—can guide that research. Through a series of case studies, we illustrate how such concepts can help assess study design and strategically choose a study’s location, evaluate and reduce the risk of bias, and interpret the multifaceted effects of meteorological variables on transmission. More broadly, we argue that interdisciplinary approaches based on explicit causal frameworks are crucial for reliably estimating the effect of weather and accurately predicting the consequences of climate change.
Topological semimetals with intrinsic chirality as spin-controlling electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Xia , Yang Qun , Singh Sukriti , Borrmann Horst , Hasse Vicky , Yi Changjiang , Li Yongkang , Schmidt Marcus , Li Xiaodong , Fecher Gerhard H. , Zhou Dong , Yan Binghai , Felser Claudia
Published: November 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising approach for clean hydrogen production, but the process is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the spin-dependent electron transfer process. Efforts to control spin through chirality and magnetization have shown potential in enhancing OER performance. Here we harnessed the potential of topological chiral semimetals (RhSi, RhSn and RhBiS) and their spin-polarized Fermi surfaces to promote the spin-dependent electron transfer in the OER, addressing the traditional volcano-plot limitations. We show that OER activities follow the trend RhSi < RhSn < RhBiS, corresponding to the increasing extent of spin–orbit coupling (SOC). The chiral single crystals outperform achiral counterparts (RhTe2, RhTe and RuO2) in alkaline electrolyte, with RhBiS exhibiting a specific activity two orders of magnitude higher than RuO2. Our work reveals the pivotal roles of chirality and SOC in spin-dependent catalysis, facilitating the design of ultra-efficient chiral catalysts.
Terawatt-attosecond hard X-ray free-electron laser at high repetition rate
Authors: Yan Jiawei , Qin Weilun , Chen Ye , Decking Winfried , Dijkstal Philipp , Guetg Marc , Inoue Ichiro , Kujala Naresh , Liu Shan , Long Tianyun , Mirian Najmeh , Geloni Gianluca
Published: November 2024

Ångstrom and attosecond are the fundamental spatiotemporal scales for electron dynamics in various materials. Although attosecond pulses with wavelengths comparable to the atomic scales are expected to be a key tool in advancing attosecond science, producing high-power hard X-ray attosecond pulses at ångstrom wavelengths remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report the generation of terawatt-scale attosecond hard X-ray pulses using a free-electron laser in a special operation mode. We achieved 9 keV single-spike X-ray pulses with a mean pulse energy of around 180 μJ, exceeding previous reports by more than an order of magnitude, and an estimated average pulse duration of 200 as at full-width at half-maximum. Exploiting the unique capability of the European XFEL, which can deliver ten pulse trains per second with each containing hundreds of pulses at megahertz repetition rates, this study demonstrates the generation of attosecond X-ray pulses at a 2.25 MHz repetition rate. These intense high-repetition-rate attosecond X-ray pulses present transformative prospects for structural and electronic damage-free X-ray measurements and attosecond time-resolved X-ray methodologies, heralding a new era in ultrafast X-ray science.
LiPheStream - A 18-month high spatiotemporal resolution point cloud time series of Boreal trees from Finland
Authors: Wittke Samantha , Campos Mariana , Ruoppa Lassi , Echriti Rami , Wang Yunsheng , Gołoś Antoni , Kukko Antero , Hyyppä Juha , Puttonen Eetu
Published: November 2024

In the present paper, we introduce a high-resolution spatiotemporal point cloud time series, acquired using a LiDAR sensor mounted 30 metres above ground on a flux observation tower monitoring a boreal forest. The dataset comprises a 18-month long (April 2020 - September 2021) time series with an average interval of 3.5 days between observations. The data acquisition, transfer, and storage systems established at Hyytiälä (Finland) are named the LiDAR Phenology station (LiPhe). The dataset consists of 103 time points of LiDAR point clouds covering a total of 458 individual trees, comprising three distinct Boreal species. Additional reference information includes the respective location, the species, and the initial height (at the first time point) of each individual tree. The processing scripts are included to outline the workflow used to generate the individual tree point clouds (LiPheKit). The presented dataset offers a comprehensive insight into inter- and intra-species variations of the individual trees regarding their growth strategies, phenological dynamics, and other functioning processes over two growth seasons.
Tuning load redistribution and damage near heterogeneous interfaces
Authors: Greff Christian , Moretti Paolo , Zaiser Michael
Published: November 2024

We investigate interface failure of model materials representing architected thin films in contact with heterogeneous substrates. We find that, while systems with statistically isotropic distributions of impurities derive their fracture strength from the ability to develop rough detachment fronts, materials with hierarchical microstructures confine failure near a prescribed surface, where crack growth is arrested and crack surface correlations are suppressed. We develop a theory of network Green’s functions for the systems at hand, and we find that the ability of hierarchical microstructures to control failure mode and locations comes at no performance cost in terms of peak stress and specific work of failure and derives from the quenched local anistotropy of the elastic interaction kernel.
Full-endoscopic spine-surgery in the elderly and patients with comorbidities
Authors: Leyendecker Jannik , Prasse Tobias , Rückels Pia , Köster Malin , Rumswinkel Lena , Schunk Valentina , Marossa Isabella , Eysel Peer , Bredow Jan , Hofstetter Christoph P. , Khan Imad
Published: November 2024

Due to demographic changes, a growing number of elderly patients with comorbidities will require spine surgery in the next decades. However, age and multimorbidity have been associated with considerably worse postoperative outcomes, and is often associated with surgical invasiveness. Full-endoscopic spine-surgery (FESS), as a cornerstone of contemporary minimally invasive surgery, has the potential to mitigate some of these disparities. Thus, we conducted an analysis of all FESS cases at a national center. Utilizing the Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 3 as a frailty surrogate we separated patients in two groups for patients with and without comorbidities. Patients with (CCI) ≥ 3 exhibited a higher age (p < 0.001), and number of comorbidities (p < 0.001) than the control group. Thereafter, a propensity score matching was done to adjust for potential confounders. Postoperative safety measures in emergency department utilization, and clinic readmission did not significantly differ between the groups. Furthermore, patients of both groups reported similar postoperative pain improvements. However, patients with a (CCI) ≥ 3 were treated as inpatients more often (p < 0.001), had a higher length of stay (p < 0.001) and a smaller functional improvement after at a chronic postoperative timepoint (p = 0.045). The results underline safety and efficacy of FESS in patients with comorbidities. Additionally, they provide guidance for preoperative patient counselling and resource utilization when applying FESS in frail patients.
Alumina-enriched sunflower bio-oil in machining of Hastelloy C-276: a fuzzy Mamdani model-aided sustainable manufacturing paradigm
Authors: Sen Binayak , Bhowmik Abhijit , Singh Gurbhej , Mishra Vishwesh , Debnath Shantanu , Zairov Rustem , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam
Published: November 2024

With the increasing emphasis on sustainable manufacturing practices, eco-friendly lubricants have gained significant attention to moderate the friction coefficient at the tool-work interface. In line with this, the contemporary study aimed to examine the viability of Alumina-enriched sunflower bio-oil as a metalworking fluid. Different volume fractions of Alumina nanoparticles (varying from 0 to 1 vol%) were mixed with sunflower bio-oil, and the physical properties, for instance, contact angle and dynamic viscosity, were analyzed to determine the optimal concentration of Alumina. Subsequently, machining experiments were executed on Hastelloy C-276 under various lubricating conditions, including dry cutting, compressed air, sunflower bio-oil, and 0.6 vol% Alumina-sunflower bio-oil. A comparative analysis among these lubricating mediums demonstrated that sunflower bio-oil with a 0.6 vol% Alumina concentration outperformed others, resulting in a significant reduction of surface roughness, and tool wear by 73.31%, and 82.14% respectively when compared to dry machining. Besides, the utilization of 0.6 vol% Alumina-sunflower bio-oil has demonstrated a reduction of 17.86% in total machining cost, along with reductions of 15.44% in energy consumption and carbon emissions, when compared to dry machining. Finally, a Taguchi-designed experiment consisting of sixteen trials was performed in different lubricating conditions, and a Fuzzy-Mamdani model was employed to achieve a sustainable machining environment. The sustainability assessment results indicated that a cutting speed of 75 m/min, feed of 0.05 mm/tooth, depth of cut of 0.15 mm, and the utilization of the 0.6 vol% Alumina-sunflower bio-oil resulted in the most sustainable machining environment, with the highest Multi-Performance Characteristics Index of 0.75.
Orally delivered biodegradable targeted inflammation resolving pectin-coated nanoparticles induce anastomotic healing post intestinal surgery
Authors: Lee Jong Hyun , Reischl Stefan , Walter Robert Leon , Vieregge Vincent , Weber Marie-Christin , Xu Runxin , Chen Hao , Cira Kamacay , Kasajima Atsuko , Friess Helmut , Neumann Philipp-Alexander , Kamaly Nazila
Published: November 2024

Targeted perioperative therapeutics supporting anastomotic healing during colitis are an urgent medical need. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery system for improving anastomotic healing in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients following surgery. We developed pectin-coated polymeric NPs encapsulating the inflammation-resolving peptide Ac2-26. These NPs are designed to survive gastric passage, facilitate localized release in the colon via microbial pectinase degradation, and bind to the intestinal wound through collagen IV targeting. We investigated these NPs in a murine surgical model combining intestinal anastomosis with preoperative colitis induction. Perioperative administration of pectin-chitosan coated NPs containing Ac2-26 (P-C-Col IV-Ac2-26-NP) reduced colitis activity postoperatively. Macroscopic wound closure improved, as evaluated by endoscopy and intraabdominal adhesion scoring. Microscopic analysis revealed an improved semiquantitative healing score in the treatment group. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that novel P-C-Col IV-Ac2-26-NP could be a promising and clinically feasible perioperative treatment strategy for IBD patients undergoing intestinal surgery. The targeted delivery system shows potential for enhancing anastomotic healing and reducing postoperative complications in this IBD patient population.
Gpr54 deletion accelerates hair cycle and hair regeneration
Authors: Xia Weili , Wang Caibing , Guo Biao , Tang Zexin , Ye Xiyun , Dang Yongyan
Published: November 2024

GPR54, or KiSS-1R (Kisspeptin receptor), is key in puberty initiation and tumor metastasis prevention, but its role on hair follicles remains unclear. Our study shows that Gpr54 knockout (KO) accelerates hair cycle, synchronized hair regeneration and transplanted hair growth in mice. In Gpr54 KO mice, DPC (dermal papilla cell) activity is enhanced, with elevated expression of Wnts, VEGF, and IGF-1, which stimulate HFSCs. Gpr54 deletion also raises the number of CD34+ and Lgr5+ HFSCs. The Gpr54 inhibitor, kisspeptin234, promotes hair shaft growth in cultured mouse hair follicles and boosts synchronized hair regeneration in vivo. Mechanistically, Gpr54 deletion suppresses NFATC3 expression in DPCs and HFSCs, and decreases levels of SFRP1, a Wnt inhibitor. It also activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promoting β-catenin nuclear localization and upregulating target genes such as Lef1 and ALP. Our findings suggest that Gpr54 deletion may accelerate the hair cycle and promote hair regeneration in mice by regulating the NAFTc3-SFRP1-Wnt signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Gpr54 could be a possible target for future hair loss treatments.
Solid State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Takeda Sadamu , Oshio Hiroki , Masuda Hideki
Published: November 2024

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a method that uses the nuclear spin of an atomic nucleus to study the local geometry and bonding around the atom, as well as the motion of molecules and ions. Since nearly all elements in the periodic table, including their stable isotopes, have nuclear spins, NMR spectra can be measured for almost all elements. Compared to other spectroscopic methods such as infrared, Raman, and visible/ultraviolet spectroscopies, NMR can observe only the element or its stable isotope to be measured, making it possible to study local geometric structures, bonding states, and motions of molecular moiety in a solid material.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Hayammi Shinya , Oshio Hiroki
Published: November 2024

The Mössbauer effect involves the resonant absorption and re-emission of gamma rays by atomic nuclei. Mössbauer spectroscopy allows precise measurements of the energy levels and environments of these nuclei, and it is used to study the properties of nuclei in molecules and solids. It provides valuable information about the electronic and magnetic properties of materials, enabling us to investigate phenomena such as electron distribution, magnetic ordering, and chemical bonding. This spectroscopy finds applications in various fields, including physics, chemistry, material science, and even archaeology, giving unique insights into the behavior of nuclei and their role in the properties of matter.
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Minoshima Masafumi , Reja Shahi Imam , Kikuchi Kazuya
Published: November 2024

Fluorescence analysis is a highly sensitive method for obtaining chemical information on the dynamic behavior of molecules and short-lived excited states by measuring phenomena such as fluorescence lifetime, excitation energy transfer, and transient spectra. This analysis provides useful chemical information for material chemistry and chemical biology research. This chapter will first touch upon the fundamentals of the fluorescence phenomenon, followed by an overview of the latest developments in fluorescence measurement techniques for biomolecules.
A dual-locked cyclopeptide–siRNA conjugate for tumor-specific gene silencing
Authors: Li Chen , Sun Shuaishuai , Kong Hao , Xie Xiangqian , Liang Gaolin , Zhang Yan , Wang Huan , Li Jinbo
Published: November 2024

A dual-locked cyclopeptide–siRNA conjugate (DPRC) with a tandem-responsive cleavable linker was prepared. After cyclopeptide-guided tumor homing, the DPRC was sequentially activated by glutathione (GSH) and light to release siRNA for gene silencing.
CO2 fixation: cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides using practical metal-free recyclable catalysts
Authors: Natongchai Wuttichai , Crespy Daniel , D’Elia Valerio
Published: November 2024

Recent works on practical and recyclable catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides are reviewed with an eye to the use of inexpensive, readily-available, non-toxic materials and to future emerging designs.
High selectivity electrocatalytic reductive amination of α-keto acids to alanine over cuprous oxide nanowires
Authors: Xu Min , Zhang Shengbo , Liu Jiafang , Xin Yaqian , Jiang Yong , Zhang Yunxia , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin
Published: November 2024

Herein, Cu2O nanowires are synthesized by a simple process, realizing the high selectivity electrocatalytic reductive amination of biomass-derived pyruvate to alanine.
Calculated ionization energies, orbital eigenvalues (HOMO), and related QSAR descriptors of organic molecules: a set of 61 experimental values enables elimination of systematic errors and provides realistic error estimates
Authors: Tentscher Peter R.
Published: November 2024

Adiabatic ionization energies of representative organics from PFI-ZEKE and MATI experiments are compiled from the literature as a benchmark. Regression correction of calculated values removes bias and translates them to a physical scale.
Development of the design and synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) – from large scale attempts, functional oriented modifications, to artificial intelligence (AI) predictions
Authors: Han Zongsu , Yang Yihao , Rushlow Joshua , Huo Jiatong , Liu Zhaoyi , Hsu Yu-Chuan , Yin Rujie , Wang Mengmeng , Liang Rongran , Wang Kun-Yu , Zhou Hong-Cai
Published: November 2024

The design and synthesis of MOFs have evolved from traditional large-scale approaches to function-oriented modifications, and recently to AI predictions, which save time, reduce costs, and enhance the efficiency to achieving target functions.
Heterogeneous photocatalytic organic transformation using crystalline naphthalenediimide/perylenediimide-based hybrid materials
Authors: He Chixian , Dai Weijun , Zhao Yuxiang , Liu Jian-Jun
Published: November 2024

Recent progress in crystalline naphthalenediimide/perylenediimide-based hybrid materials for heterogeneous photocatalytic organic transformation has been reviewed.
A comprehensive characterisation of natural aerosol sources in the high Arctic during the onset of sea ice melt
Authors: Freitas Gabriel P. , Kojoj Julia , Mavis Camille , Creamean Jessie , Mattsson Fredrik , Nilsson Lovisa , Schmidt Jennie Spicker , Adachi Kouji  , Šantl-Temkiv Tina , Ahlberg Erik , Mohr Claudia , Riipinen Ilona , Zieger Paul
Published: November 2024

The interactions between aerosols and clouds are still one of the largest sources of uncertainty in quantifying anthropogenic radiative forcing. To reduce this uncertainty, we must first determine the baseline...
Rice bran peptides target lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 to ameliorate atherosclerosis
Authors: Mu Jianfei , Li Jiajia , Chen Zhongxu , Chen Yajuan , Lin Qinlu , Zhang Lingyu , Fang Yong , Liang Ying
Published: November 2024

Clinical studies have concluded positive correlations among lipid metabolism disorders, SII, DII and ASCVD. Rice bran peptides inhibit foam cell formation and atherosclerosis via targeting LOX-1 to reduce ox-LDL uptake.
EDA complex-mediated [3 + 2] cyclization for the synthesis of CF3-oxadiazoles
Authors: Huang Mengjun , Wang Guoqiang , Li Heyin , Zou Zhenlei , Jia Xingye , Karotsis Georgios , Pan Yi , Zhang Weigang , Ma Jing , Wang Yi
Published: November 2024

A catalyst-free method to synthesize 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via EDA complex of α-diazo sulfonium triflates and dihydropyridines, featuring mild conditions, high functional group tolerance, and broad applicability for late-stage drug derivatization.
Kinetics of charge-dependent reversible condensation of reflectin nanostructures
Authors: Lychko Iana , Soares Cátia Lopes , Barbosa Arménio Jorge Moura , Calmeiro Tomás Rosa , Martins Rodrigo Ferrão de Paiva , Dias Ana Margarida Gonçalves Carvalho , Roque Ana Cecília Afonso
Published: November 2024

Recombinant reflectin proteins reversibly condense in vitro with pH changes. The kinetics assembly is sequence dependent and is essential for designing reflectin-based biophotonic materials.
Selective separation and complexation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using an unsymmetric pyridine-derived triazinyl and amide extractant
Authors: Zhu Chenchen , Guo Yuxiao , Yang Xiao , Yang Xiaofan , Wang Shihui , Xu Chao , Xiao Chengliang , Xu Lei
Published: November 2024

A novel unsymmetric pyridine-derived extractant (Et-Tol-CA-ATP) was designed and synthesized, enabling the selective separation of An(iii) and Ln(iii) in highly acidic solutions, and its complexation mechanism was thoroughly investigated.
Isolation and biomimetic synthesis of acylphloroglucinol meroterpenoids as anti-breast cancer agents from Dryopteris crassirhizoma
Authors: Hai Ping , Luo Zhiqiang , Chen Nie , Fan Huixia , Wu Xudong , He Yunqing , Deng Sihao , Jia Haiyan , Gao Yuan , Yang Jian
Published: November 2024

Acylphloroglucinol meroterpenoids from Dryopteris crassirhizoma: isolation, biomimetic synthesis, anti-triple negative breast cancer activity, ECD calculations, and NMR-based method for relative configuration assignment.
One-pot synthesis of symmetrical bis-sulfonyl 2,6-diarylpyridines via BiCl3-catalyzed and K2S2O8-mediated domino annulation of β-ketosulfones and N,N-dimethylacetamide
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Lin Chun-Yi
Published: November 2024

BiCl3-promoted and K2S2O8-mediated synthesis of diverse bis-sulfonyl 2,6-diarypyridines was developed via one-pot stepwise (2C + 2C + 1C + 1N) annulation of two molecules of β-ketosulfone and N,N-dimethylacetamide.
Halogen bonding accelerated aerobic dehydrogenative aromatization for 4-aminoquinoline preparation
Authors: Yao Zikun , Li Pan , Chen Fei , Nie Jiuwei , Wang Hui , Tang Lei , Yang Yuanyong
Published: November 2024

This study presents a highly efficient method for 4-aminoquinoline derivative preparation under transition metal-free conditions.
A triple hydrogen-bond dominated fluorescent probe for monitoring the melting transition of polyurethane
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Li Geng , Jiang Hongyu , Tang Yaxing , Wang Hua , Li Jie , Guo Kunpeng
Published: November 2024

The monitoring of melting transition temperatures of PU was realized using a triple H-bond dominated fluorescent probe.
Improved thermal properties of polydimethylsiloxane by copolymerization and thiol–ene crosslinking of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid moiety
Authors: Shimura Takahiro , Jin Yijie , Kubyama Keiichi , Araki Takuma , Kamimura Naofumi , Masai Eiji , Nakamura Masaya , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2024

Thermally stable copolymers of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a metabolic intermediate of lignin, and polydimethylsiloxane were synthesized and cross-linked by using thiol–ene click chemistry.
Fluorescent labelling as a tool for identifying and quantifying nanoplastics
Authors: Merdy P. , Bonneau A. , Delpy F. , Lucas Y.
Published: November 2024

The nanoplastic type can be identified by the shift in fluorescence peaks when fluorescent molecules are adsorbed onto nanoparticles.
Advanced functional Cu–Cr–Co-NPs@gelatin (GLN)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) nanocomposites with antimicrobial and anticancer activities
Authors: Hasanin Mohamed S. , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Abdel-Maksou Mostafa A. , El-Tayeb Mohamed A. , Kiani Bushra Hafeez , Hashem Amr H.
Published: November 2024

Here, we describe the preparation of the nanocomposites based on trimetallic nanoparticles.
Chemical synthesis, characterization, and anticancer potential of CuO/ZrO2/TiO2/RGO nanocomposites against human breast (MCF-7) cancer cells
Authors: Alaizeri ZabnAllah M. , Alhadlaq Hisham A. , Aldawood Saad , Ahamed Maqusood
Published: November 2024

Nanocomposites (NCs) have attractive potential applications in gas-sensing, energy, photocatalysis, and biomedicine.
An elastic siderophore synthetase and rubbery substrates assemble multimeric linear and macrocyclic hydroxamic acid metal chelators
Authors: Nolan Kate P. , Rosser Callum A. , Wood James L. , Font Josep , Sresutharsan Athavan , Wang Joseph , Markham Todd E. , Ryan Renae M. , Codd Rachel
Published: November 2024

Enzyme-mediated synthesis using one or a combination of two substrates produced biocombinatorial mixtures of multimeric linear and macrocyclic hydroxamic acid chelators. Screening the pools with Ga(iii) or Zr(iv) revealed new coordination chemistry..
Modeling the structure and relaxation in glycerol-silica nanocomposites
Authors: Karakus Koksal , Ginzburg Valeriy V. , Promislow Keith , Rakesh Leela
Published: November 2024

The relationship between the dynamics and structure of amorphous thin films and nanocomposites near their glass transition is an important problem in soft-matter physics.
Synchronous dual additives to boost multiphase interface stability of high-voltage Li-rich Mn-based batteries
Authors: Zhang Qiangfeng , Xu Shijie , Zhu Haipeng , Chen Zhao , Chen Libao , Zhang Chunxiao , Wei Weifeng
Published: November 2024

The FEC-TMSPa dual additives can regulate the solvation structure of the electrolyte and construct robust organic–inorganic hybrid CEI/SEI to ensure the long cycle stability of high-voltage lithium metal batteries.
Fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of flexible spinel CdMn2O4 carbon nanofibers for advanced supercapacitor applications
Authors: Patel Akashkumar P. , Sharma Deep S. , Bariya Sanjay N. , Kapdi Yash G. , Solanki Jaydip D. , Soni Saurabh S. , Patel Vaibhav K. , Panjabi Sanjay H.
Published: November 2024

The synthesis and application of spinel CdMn2O4 carbon nanofibers and the fabrication of a flexible supercapacitor with 88.87% retention over 12 000 cycles, demonstrated through a watch connection.
Atomic-scale structure and thermoelectric properties in medium-entropy PbSnTeSe alloy
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Xu Liqing , Cheng Xinxiu , Liu Wei , Yin Zhanxiang , Ding Xiangdong , Gao Xiang , Hong Tao , Xiao Yu
Published: November 2024

Entropy engineering is employed to screen out a promising medium-entropy PbSnTeSe thermoelectric alloy, and its atomic-scale structure and thermoelectric performance are disclosed.
Promotion mechanisms of LiBH4 dehydrogenation dominated by charge redistribution
Authors: Yang Weijie , Ge Han , Yao Tongao , Chen Qiyong , Liu Feiyang , Huang Mingye , Sun Junwei , Dong Shuai , Liu Yanfeng , Gao Zhengyang
Published: November 2024

Li vacancies and transition metals doping cause the loss of electrons in B–H covalent bonds and the rising of electrons in the antibonding orbitals of the B–H bonds, respectively, leading to the weakening of the B–H bond strength.
Gating effect of g-C3N4-encapsulated Pt-based catalysts for the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of nitroaromatics
Authors: Yao Chong , Shan Jinjin , Liu Jie , Luo Jie , Pan Limei , Lyu Jinghui , Feng Feng , Lin Lili , Lu Chunshan , Zheng Ying , Wang JianGuo , Wang Qingtao , Zhang Qunfeng , Li Xiaonian
Published: November 2024

A Pt/C@g-C3N4-encapsulated catalyst was constructed, where g-C3N4 selectively facilitates H2 permeation through a gating effect, enhancing the catalyst's activity in hydrogenation reactions. g-C3N4-encapsulated Pt prevents metal loss.
Full‐Accessible Multiparty Searchable Encryption Scheme for Shared Cloud Storage
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Eom Jieun , Kim Kee Sung
Published: November 2024

To securely share the data between users, encryption schemes with keyword searches in various settings have been proposed. Many studies design schemes in a designated receiver setting where a data owner specifies which receivers could download the data in advance at the time the data are uploaded. In this setting, it is not easy to extend the scheme to support environments with multiple data owners. Moreover, there was no scheme considering the situation in which a newly enrolled user accesses data that were uploaded prior to his enrollment. On the other hand, schemes designed in an undesignated receiver setting support multiple data owners and allow data to be accessed by all users in the system, regardless of the time the data were uploaded. However, most of them are not secure against collusion attacks involving an untrusted server and revoked users. In this paper, we propose a full‐accessible multiparty searchable encryption (FA‐MPSE) scheme for data‐sharing systems. Our scheme supports the property that we call full-accessibility, and any users in the system can access all data in the storage. In addition, our scheme is secure against collision attacks so that the revoked users who collaborate with the server can not access the stored data. Furthermore, our scheme provides all the essential properties of MPSE, such as query privacy, query unforgeability, full‐revocability, and unlinkability, and its security is proven in a formal security model. We provide the comparison result with the related schemes to show that our scheme has a comparative advantage.
JWST/NIRSpec insights into the circumnuclear region of Arp 220: A detailed kinematic study
Authors: Ulivi Lorenzo , Perna Michele , Lamperti Isabella , Arribas Santiago , Cresci Giovanni , Marconcini Cosimo , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Böker Torsten , Bunker Andrew J. , Ceci Matteo , Charlot Stéphane , D’Eugenio Francesco , Fahrion Katja , Maiolino Roberto , Marconi Alessandro , Pereira-Santaella Miguel
Published: November 2024

The study of starburst and active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback is crucial for understanding the regulation of star formation and the evolution of galaxies across cosmic time. Arp 220, the closest ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG), is in an advanced phase of a major merger with two distinct nuclei, and it shows evidence of multiphase (molecular, ionized, and neutral) and multiscale (from < 0.1 to > 5 kpc) outflows. Therefore, it represents an ideal system for investigating outflow mechanisms and feedback phenomena in detail. Using new JWST NIRSpec IFU observations, we investigated the spatially resolved gaseous (in both ionized and hot molecular phases) and stellar kinematics in the innermost 1 kpc. We decoupled the different gas kinematic components through multi-Gaussian fitting, identifying two multiphase outflows, each associated with one nucleus, with velocities up to ∼1000 km s−1. We also resolved two counter-rotating discs around each nucleus embedded in a larger-scale rotational disk. We compute the total (including ionized, cold, and hot molecular) outflow mass (≈107 M⊙), the mass rate (≈15 M⊙ yr−1), and the energetics (Ėout ≈ 1042 erg s−1) for each nucleus, and we found that the ionized and hot molecular outflowing gas contribute around 2-30% of the total mass and the energy of the outflows, as inferred from the combination of multiwavelength information. We discuss the possible origin of the outflows, finding no compelling evidence to prefer a starburst- or AGN-driven scenario. Regardless of their nature, outflows in Arp 220 propagate in multiple directions from parsec to kiloparsec scales, potentially impacting a significant portion of the host galaxy. This contrasts with isolated systems where outflows typically follow a more collimated path or are limited to the central region of the galaxy and hence do not affect the interstellar medium throughout the entire galaxy. This study highlights the importance of investigating merging systems with multiwavelength facilities, including JWST/NIRSpec IFU, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of feedback mechanisms in galaxy evolution.
Creating a network-state homomorphism through optimization
Authors: Shang Yilun
Published: November 2024

In graph theory, a mapping between two graphs that generally preserves the structure is called a graph homomorphism, which has been a fundamental notion and extensively studied in combinatorial and algebraic areas. Real-valued states are often assigned to the nodes of graphs (also called networks) in theory and applications underpinning the emerging science of networks. In this paper, we present a simple way to create homomorphisms between a network and its state space. The distance-induced structure in the state space is of practical relevance. We characterize the optimal homomorphism with minimum cost in terms of a constrained optimization problem, and demonstrate the calculation with concrete examples.