bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International comparison of physicians’ attitudes toward refusal of treatment by patients with anorexia nervosa: a case-based vignette study
Authors: Takimoto Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2022

Background

This study investigated the attitudes of physicians in Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) toward refusal of treatment for anorexia nervosa.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was administered to physicians treating patients with eating disorder (Japan, n = 55; UK, n = 84; US, n = 82) to evaluate their treatment strategies for fictitious cases of refusal of treatment for anorexia nervosa.

Results

For acute patients, 53 (96.3%) physicians in Japan, 65 (77.4%) in the UK, and 54 (65.9%) in the US chose compulsory treatment if the patient’s family requested treatment, while 46 (83.6%) physicians in Japan, 53 (63.1%) in the UK, and 47 (57.3%) in the US chose compulsory treatment if the family left the decision to the patient. For severe and enduring anorexia nervosa, 53 (96.3%) physicians in Japan, 62 (73.8%) in the UK, and 57 (69.5%) in the US chose compulsory treatment if the patient’s family requested treatment, while 38 (69.1%) physicians in Japan, 56 (66.7%) in the UK, and 55 (67.1%) in the US chose compulsory treatment if the family left the decision to the patient.

Conclusions

Physicians in all three countries tended to choose compulsory treatment irrespective of disease duration or whether the patient’s family requested treatment or not. This may indicate that medical practitioners value the ethical obligation of beneficence, giving priority to the protection of life. Attitudes toward refusal of treatment during a life crisis tend to vary among medical professionals, particularly if the patient’s family does not request treatment.
Pathological and neurophysiological outcomes of seeding human-derived tau pathology in the APP-KI NL-G-F and NL-NL mouse models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tok S. , Maurin H. , Delay C. , Crauwels D. , Manyakov N. V. , Van Der Elst W. , Moechars D. , Drinkenburg W. H. I. M.
Published: June 2022

The two main histopathological hallmarks that characterize Alzheimer’s Disease are the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. One of the current approaches to studying the consequences of amyloid pathology relies on the usage of transgenic animal models that incorporate the mutant humanized form of the amyloid precursor protein (hAPP), with animal models progressively developing amyloid pathology as they age. However, these mice models generally overexpress the hAPP protein to facilitate the development of amyloid pathology, which has been suggested to elicit pathological and neuropathological changes unrelated to amyloid pathology. In this current study, we characterized APP knock-in (APP-KI) animals, that do not overexpress hAPP but still develop amyloid pathology to understand the influence of protein overexpression. We also induced tau pathology via human-derived tau seeding material to understand the neurophysiological effects of amyloid and tau pathology. We report that tau-seeded APP-KI animals progressively develop tau pathology, exacerbated by the presence of amyloid pathology. Interestingly, older amyloid-bearing, tau-seeded animals exhibited more amyloid pathology in the entorhinal area, isocortex and hippocampus, but not thalamus, which appeared to correlate with impairments in gamma oscillations before seeding. Tau-seeded animals also featured immediate deficits in power spectra values and phase-amplitude indices in the hippocampus after seeding, with gamma power spectra deficits persisting in younger animals. Both deficits in hippocampal phase-amplitude coupling and gamma power differentiate tau-seeded, amyloid-positive animals from buffer controls. Based on our results, impairments in gamma oscillations appear to be strongly associated with the presence and development of amyloid and tau pathology, and may also be an indicator of neuropathology, network dysfunction, and even potential disposition to the future development of amyloid pathology.
Systematic integration of 2D and 3D sources for the virtual reconstruction of lost heritage artefacts: the equestrian monument of Francesco III d’Este (1774–1796, Modena, Italy)
Authors: Gherardini Francesco , Sirocchi Simone
Published: June 2022

The role of 3D virtual reconstruction of lost heritage artefacts is acquiring ever-greater importance, as a support for archaeological research and art history studies, as well as a vehicle for the cultural and evocative involvement of the end-user. The main risk of virtual reconstruction is the lack of a faithful restitution but, conversely, very often the artefact conservation state does not allow a complete 3D reconstruction. Therefore, 2D sources, both textual and iconographic, represent a precious integration and completion of the existing 3D sources. This paper proposes an operating systematic workflow to integrate retrieved 2D and 3D sources and assess their compatibility for the virtual reconstruction of lost heritage artefacts using and integrating 3D survey and digital modelling. As a case study, we virtually reconstructed the lost equestrian monument of Duke Francesco III d'Este, 7 m high, built in 1774 in Modena, Italy, by the sculptor Giovanni Antonio Cybei and completely destroyed a little over 20 years later during the revolutionary uprisings. Following the proposed workflow, we integrate data coming from: a still preserved preparatory stucco model, paintings and engravings showing the missing details of the 3D model, a series of urban views returning the proportion and positioning of the monument (statue, pedestal and base), a fragment of the right foot providing the statue size and the appearance of the original white Carrara marble. The final 3D digital model shows a faithful correspondence to the 2D sources and guarantees an effective user’s fruition thanks to dedicated virtual applications. Besides the scientific and cultural goal, we highlight the evocative role of this work, which has contributed to the restitution of a monument that is unknown to most citizens and visitors.
Beyond content and curriculum in elementary classrooms: conceptualizing the cultivation of integrated STEM teacher identity
Authors: Galanti Terrie M. , Holincheck Nancy
Published: June 2022

As K-12 STEM education moves toward the integrated application of mathematics and science concepts in collaborative and complex real-world problem solving, there is a commensurate need to redefine what it means to be a STEM teacher in the early grades. Elementary teachers need more than professional development with innovative content and curriculum to be ready to integrate STEM; they need the agency that comes with a strong sense of who they are and who they want to become as STEM teachers. In this commentary, we propose a model for integrated STEM teacher identity with the goal of building a robust definition that is applicable to multiple educational contexts. The model captures the tensions between elementary teachers’ multiple identities as STEM learners, professional teachers, and STEM education innovators. Our proposed model structures the complexity of these roles as an intertwining of components from extant professional teacher identity and STEM learner identity models. The careful cultivation of integrated STEM identities has the power to increase teachers’ readiness to not only try but to sustain innovative curriculum. Teacher educators and professional development facilitators can use this model to provide more personalized support to teachers. Recommendations for future refinement of this model are offered along with implications for more equitable access to integrated STEM experiences for all students.
CircRNAs in Xiang pig ovaries among diestrus and estrus stages
Authors: Niu Xi , Huang Yali , Lu Huan , Li Sheng , Huang Shihui , Ran Xueqin , Wang Jiafu
Published: June 2022

Background

The fecundity of sows is a trait of major economic in pig industry. The molecular regulation of estrus cycles can affect the fecundity of female animals. Compared with the other pig breeds, Xiang pig exhibits the special estrus behaviors. CircRNAs are thought to involve in regulation of multiple biological processes. However, the potential roles of circRNAs in ovary regulation on Xiang pig estrus are largely unknown.

Results

8,937 circRNAs were identified from eight libraries constructed from the ovarian samples of Xiang pig at estrus and diestrus stages by RNA sequencing method. Of which, 1,995 were high confidence circRNAs detected at least two junction reads in each ovary sample and seven circRNAs were validated by RT-PCR method. Furthermore, we identified 290 upregulated and 15 downregulated circRNAs in estrus ovaries. These differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) derived from 273 host genes. And 207 miRNAs were identified to be targets sponged by 156 DECs with 432 binding sites, containing more than one miRNA binding site in each circRNA. Function enrichment analysis revealed that the host genes and the targets of miRNAs sponged by DECs were enriched in several reproduction-related signaling pathways, such as ovarian steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, circadian rhythm, estrogen signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, circadian entrainment, and oocyte meiosis. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks revealed that 153 miRNAs interacting with 122 DECs and 86 miRNAs interacting with 84 DECs were involved in ovarian functions and ovarian circadian entrainment and circadian rhythm respectively. The DEC-miRNA-DEG (differentially expressed gene, DEG) networks associated with reproduction-related signaling pathways contained 22 DECs,18 miRNAs and 7 DEGs. 22 DECs were recognized as hub circRNAs during the estrus phase of Xiang pigs.

Conclusions

The circRNAs that function as miRNA sponges could play a key role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during Xiang pig’s estrus cycle.
Contrast enhanced FLAIR versus contrast enhanced T1W images in evaluation of intraparenchymal brain lesions
Authors: EL-Adalany Mohamed Ali , Bilal Maha Mohamed Zaki , Rihan Yomna Abdulwahab Mohmamed , EL-Metwally Dina
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with suspected brain lesions are usually evaluated by means of intravenous contrast materials. These lesions may demonstrate enhancement through different mechanisms. At most institutions, CE-T1WI is the preferred sequence. FLAIR is a sort of inversion recovery pulse sequence with a long TR, TE and T1 and hence effectually nulls signals from CSF. The long T1 causes mild T effect and this result in lesion enhancement on post-contrast study. Therefore, lesions demonstrating enhancement on CE-T1WI will also demonstrate enhancement on CE-FLAIR images. The purpose of this work was to assess the role of CE-FLAIR versus CE-T1WI in evaluation of different intraparenchymal brain lesions.

Results

Comparing CE-T1WI to CE-FLAIR in various brain pathologies, both observers found higher sensitivity and specificity for lesion to background contrast ratio on CE-FLAIR comparing to CE-T1WI. Observer 1 found that lesion to background contrast ratio on CE-FLAIR had sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 66.7% and AUC of 0.661 versus 63.3% sensitivity, 58.3% specificity and 0.634 AUC for CE-T1WI. Observer 2 found that lesion to background contrast ratio on CE-FLAIR had sensitivity of 77.6%, specificity of 66.7% and AUC of 0.719 versus 61.2% sensitivity, 50% specificity and 0.628 AUC for CE-T1WI.

Conclusion

On comparing CE-FLAIR to CE-T1WI, CE-FLAIR display better lesion detection and enhancement also better soft tissue contrast resolution.
Wave-induced fluid pressure diffusion and anelasticity in partially saturated rocks: The influences of boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Yirong , Zhao Luanxiao , Cao Chenghao , Yao Qiuliang , Yang Zhifang , Cao Hong , Geng Jianhua
Published: June 2022

Open or partially open boundary conditions in fully or partially saturated rocks possibly occur in many realistic geologic scenarios, and it is critical to understand the influences of wave-induced fluid pressure diffusion and anelasticity for many fields of earth science and engineering applications. Under the framework of Biot’s poroelasticity, by proposing a scale factor to represent the opening degree of the boundary, we have investigated the influences of boundary conditions on the seismic wave dispersion and attenuation in partially saturated rocks. It is found that there exist two types of fluid pressure diffusion taking place simultaneously: the mesoscopic fluid pressure diffusion between the two immiscible fluids (e.g., gas and brine) and the fluid flow associated with the outer boundary. The boundary conditions significantly control the seismic wave dispersion and attenuation signatures. The coupled fluid pressure diffusion of mesoscopic flow and outer boundary flow expedite the pore pressure equilibration processes and make the characteristic frequency one order of magnitude higher than the undrained scenario. The drained and partially drained conditions also significantly decrease the velocity of partially saturated rocks, which can be even lower than that of Gassmann’s prediction and dry rock. The reliability of the theoretical model also is validated by comparing it with the numerical simulation for drained and undrained conditions. We have determined that the proposed model is capable of better interpreting the logging data of velocity-saturation relationship for a partially saturated carbonate reservoir and experimental data of wave dispersion for a fully saturated sandstone, both of which are possibly exposed to the open boundary conditions.
Cytoneme-like protrusion formation induced by LAR is promoted by receptor dimerization
Authors: Nguyen Mai Quynh , Taniguchi Manabu , Yasumura Misato , Iguchi Tokuichi , Sato Makoto
Published: June 2022

Actin-based protrusions called cytonemes are reported to function in cell communication by supporting events such as morphogen gradient establishment and pattern formation. Despite the crucial roles of cytonemes in cell signaling, the molecular mechanism for cytoneme establishment remains elusive. In this study, we showed that the leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase plays an important role in cytoneme-like protrusion formation. Overexpression of LAR in HEK293T cells induced the formation of actin-based protrusions, some of which exceeded 200 µm in length and displayed a complex morphology with branches. Upon focusing on the regulation of LAR dimerization or clustering and the resulting regulatory effects on LAR phosphatase activity, we found that longer and more branched protrusions were formed when LAR dimerization was artificially induced and when heparan sulfate was applied. Interestingly, although the truncated form of LAR lacking phosphatase-related domains promoted protrusion formation, the phosphatase-inactive forms did not show clear changes, suggesting that LAR dimerization triggers the formation of cytoneme-like protrusions in a phosphatase-independent manner. Our results thus emphasize the importance of LAR and its dimerization in cell signaling.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Alterations in lifespan and sleep:wake duration under selective monochromes of visible light in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Krittika Sudhakar , Yadav Pankaj
Published: June 2022

Rapid technology development, exposure to gadgets, and artificial lights (with different monochromes) have disturbed our lifestyle and the circadian clock, which otherwise confers better regulation of behavioral patterns and sleep:wake cycles in most organisms including Drosophila melanogaster. We assay the effect of LD12:12 h (light:dark) monochromatic lights (violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red) on the lifespan, activity, and sleep of the D. melanogaster. We observe a shortened lifespan under 12 h of violet, blue, green, and yellow lights, while significantly reduced activity levels under the light phase of blue and green light as compared to their dark phase is observed. Significant increase in the evening anticipation index of flies under blue and green light alongside increased and decreased sleep depth during the day and night respectively suggests the light avoidance, while there is no effect of colored light on the waking time, daily active time, and sleep time. Thus, our study shows short and long-term exposure to certain colored lights in terms of reduced lifespan and locomotor activity, which cause qualitative as well as quantitative changes in the sleep of flies; probably as a sign of aversion towards a specific light.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The germ plasm is anchored at the cleavage furrows through interaction with tight junctions in the early zebrafish embryo
Authors: Rostam Nadia , Goloborodko Alexander , Riemer Stephan , Hertel Andres , Riedel Dietmar , Vorbrüggen Gerd , Dosch Roland
Published: June 2022

The zebrafish germline is specified during early embryogenesis by inherited maternal RNAs and proteins collectively called germ plasm. Only the cells containing germ plasm will become part of the germline, whereas the other cells will commit to somatic cell fates. Therefore, proper localization of germ plasm is key for germ cell specification and its removal is crucial for the development of the soma. The molecular mechanism underlying this process in vertebrates is largely unknown. Here, we show that germ plasm localization in zebrafish is similar to that in Xenopus but distinct from Drosophila. We identified non muscle myosin II (NMII) and tight junction (TJ) components, such as ZO2 and claudin-d (Cldn-d) as interaction candidates of Bucky ball (Buc), which is the germ plasm organizer in zebrafish. Remarkably, we also found that TJ protein ZO1 colocalizes with germ plasm, and electron microscopy of zebrafish embryos uncovered TJ-like structures at the cleavage furrows where the germ plasm is anchored. In addition, injection of the TJ receptor Cldn-d produced extra germ plasm aggregates, whereas expression of a dominant-negative version inhibited germ plasm aggregate formation. Our findings support for the first time a role for TJs in germ plasm localization.
AMPK activates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to govern dendrite pruning via the insulin pathway in Drosophila
Authors: Yuh Chew Liang , He Jianzheng , Wong Jack Jing Lin , Li Sheng , Yu Fengwei
Published: June 2022

During Drosophila metamorphosis, the ddaC dendritic arborisation sensory neurons selectively prune their larval dendrites in response to steroid hormone ecdysone signalling. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway acts downstream of ecdysone signalling to promote proteasomal degradation and thereby dendrite pruning. However, how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is activated remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a cell-autonomous role in dendrite pruning. Importantly, AMPK is required for Mical and Headcase expression and for activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. We reveal that AMPK promotes the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and dendrite pruning partly via inhibition of the insulin pathway. Moreover, the AMPK-insulin pathway is required for ecdysone signalling to activate the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway during dendrite pruning. Overall, this study reveals an important mechanism whereby ecdysone signalling activates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway via the AMPK-insulin pathway to promote dendrite pruning, and further suggests that during the nonfeeding prepupal stage metabolic alterations lead to activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and dendrite pruning.
Photochromic Lactone-Fused Phenanthropyrans with Broad Absorption and Rapid Color Change
Authors: Graça Vânia , Sousa Céu M , Coelho Paulo J
Published: June 2022

New lactone-fused phenanthrol[1,2-b]pyrans were successfully synthesized in 4 steps from naphthaldehydes using, as the key step, the acid-catalyzed cascade condensation of methyl 1-hydroxyphenanthrene-3-carboxylates with diarylbut-2-yne-1,4-diols, which forms the pyran and lactone rings. After exposing CHCl3 solutions of these polyaromatic compounds to UV or sunlight, at room temperature, the color changes vividly from slightly yellow to deep red/brown in a matter of seconds, and fades spontaneously, in the dark, within 1.5 min.
Case Report: Fortuitous discovery of primary peritoneal psammocarcinoma
Authors: Helal Imen , Khanchel Fatma , Jouini Raja , Ben Thayer Maissa , Mbarki Chaouki , Bettaieb Hajer , Rebii Saber , Ben Ismail Imen , Ben Brahim Ehsen , Chedli-Debbiche Aschraf
Published: June 2022

Psammocarcinoma is an uncommon subtype of low-grade serous carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of extensive psammoma bodies and can have either an ovarian or peritoneal origin. To our knowledge fewer than 30 cases of primary peritoneal psammocarcinoma (PPP) have been reported in the English literature. We report a rare case of  PPP in a 74-year-old female, discovered fortuitously within a laparotomy for gallbladder lithiasis. At laparotomy, multiple nodular implants involving the omentum, the peritoneum and a magma of intestinal loops in the right iliac fossa were noted. A biopsy from nodules was performed. Gross examination showed multiple nodules of different sizes in the fat tissue. Pathologic examination showed massive psammoma bodies representing more than 75% of the tumor. The final diagnosis was psammocarcinoma. Our patient was referred to the gynecologic department for further investigation and to ascertain whether the tumor arose from the ovaries or peritoneum. Hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy and omentectomy were performed. Macroscopic examination showed that both ovaries were intact having a normal size. No invasion of ovarian stroma was shown in microscopic examination. The patient died of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) six days after the surgery.

PPP is a rare type of  low-grade serous carcinoma. The behavior of this tumor is unclear, and the treatment is not standardized because of its rarity and lack of long-term follow-up. More cases need to be studied for better understanding and improvement of the management protocols.
Positional weight matrices have sufficient prediction power for analysis of noncoding variants
Authors: Boytsov Alexandr , Abramov Sergey , Makeev Vsevolod J. , Kulakovskiy Ivan V.
Published: June 2022

The position weight matrix, also called the position-specific scoring matrix, is the commonly accepted model to quantify the specificity of transcription factor binding to DNA. Position weight matrices are used in thousands of projects and software tools in regulatory genomics, including computational prediction of the regulatory impact of single-nucleotide variants. Yet, recently Yan et al. reported that "the position weight matrices of most transcription factors lack sufficient predictive power" if applied to the analysis of regulatory variants studied with a newly developed experimental method, SNP-SELEX. Here, we re-analyze the rich experimental dataset obtained by Yan et al. and show that appropriately selected position weight matrices in fact can adequately quantify transcription factor binding to alternative alleles.
Fostering student and faculty scholarship in an accelerated three-year medical school
Authors: Kasselman Lora J. , Ayala Gladys , Shelov Steven , Nonaillada Jeannine
Published: June 2022

Background: In acknowledgement of the importance of research competency in academic medicine, an extracurricular student research program and faculty development researcher pathway was developed to promote scholarly productivity at New York University (NYU) Long Island School of Medicine (LISOM), a three-year accelerated Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)-accredited medical school. The aim was to enhance medical students’ and faculty scholarly productivity, by creating new training programs targeting research skills and academic collaboration. Impact was assessed by initial review of the extracurricular student research program and faculty development researcher pathway.

Methods: Electronic surveys via Google were sent out to all current (n = 72) students on 9/20/2021 and the faculty identified based on their primary appointment to NYU LISOM in the learning management system on 9/17/2021 to determine participation in research, presentation of research findings, satisfaction with the program, and research opportunities for students.  Student scholarly productivity was tracked using PubMed, restricted to search years 2020 through 2022.  For the faculty development researcher pathway, publications were tracked for each participant before and after completion of the program, with pre- and post-completion dates ranging from 2012 through 2020. 

Results: Student survey results (29 responses out of 72) indicated 28% of students were involved in research with institutional faculty and 59% were interested in starting a research project. Most students involved in extracurricular research were satisfied with their experience and eight students have publications with faculty.  For the faculty development researcher pathway, 35% of the participants increased publications after program graduation.

Conclusions: Outcomes from the student research program and faculty researcher pathway were positive regarding student research engagement and faculty scholarly productivity, though long-term outcomes are yet to be evaluated. Progress will be tracked as students continue through undergraduate and graduate medical education, and as both students and faculty progress throughout their career.
Persistent delusional disorder with delusions of poverty – a case study
Authors: Rodek Patryk , Kucia Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Przedstawiamy opis przypadku pacjenta, hospitalizowanego ze wstępnym rozpoznaniem depresji psychotycznej z dominującymi urojeniami zubożenia. W trakcie hospitalizacji, pomimo włączenia leczenia przeciwdepresyjnego sertraliną w dawce 150mg na dobę oraz przeciwpsychotycznego olanzapiną w dawce 20mg na dobę, nie zaobserwowano jakiejkolwiek objawowej poprawy, a na pierwszy plan coraz bardziej wysuwały się objawy psychotyczne, przy jednocześnie nieadekwatnie słabo wyrażonej komponencie afektywnej. Zwracała uwagę spójna i trwała struktura urojeniowych sądów, które, choć zmienne w ekspresji, zawsze dotyczyły wyłącznie jednego tematu – przekonania o niechybnym finansowym bankructwie. Całość obrazu klinicznego wraz z wywiadem obiektywizującym, precyzującym kolejność pojawiania się poszczególnych objawów, sugerowała zmianę diagnozy. Rozpoznano uporczywe zaburzenia urojeniowe o typie zubożenia z wtórnymi zaburzeniami nastroju. Włączono do leczenia klozapinę w dawce 275 mg na dobę, obserwując stopniowe, powolne wycofywanie się objawów psychotycznych, co skutkowało również całkowitym wyrównaniem sfery afektywnej. Przypadek ilustruje jak istotna jest diagnostyka różnicowa stanów, w których współwystępują objawy psychotyczne oraz afektywne. Pomocne jest ustalenie kolejności rozwijania się objawów. Należy pamiętać, że pomimo wyróżnienia wyłącznie 7 podtypów uporczywych zaburzeń urojeniowych w klasyfikacji ICD-10, możemy mieć w praktyce do czynienia z innymi obszarami tematycznymi psychozy. Niesie to za sobą znaczące implikacje terapeutyczne i prognostyczne.
The diverse joys of sex and relationships in straight, gay, and bisexual Polish men.
Authors: Grabski Bartosz , Kasparek Krzysztof , Koziara Karolina , Kania Zofia , Mijas Magdalena
Published: June 2022

Cel pracy

Celem badania było opisanie orientacji seksualnych, relacji intymnych, zachowań seksualnych i przyjemności u mężczyzn identyfikujących się jako heteroseksualni, biseksualni i homoseksualni.

Metoda

Analizę oparto na danych pochodzących z przekrojowego internetowego badania seksualności polskich mężczyzn heteroseksualnych (MH; N = 1079), homoseksualnych (MG; N = 1704) i biseksualnych (MB; N = 713). Porównano mężczyzn z tych trzech grup pod względem ich orientacji seksualnej, relacji intymnych i zachowań seksualnych, w tym najbardziej przyjemnych czynności seksualnych.

Wyniki

Seksualność MG i MB wydaje się być bardziej zróżnicowana i mniej ukierunkowana na określone czynności seksualne. Mężczyźni należący do mniejszości seksualnych (MMS) częściej byli w związkach otwartych (nieekskluzywnych), mieli bardziej zróżnicowane doświadczenia seksualne, a także większą różnorodność aktywności seksualnej. Dotyczyło to zwłaszcza mężczyzn biseksualnych.

Wnioski

Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje na istnienie zależności i znaczących różnic w zakresie orientacji seksualnej, relacji intymnych, zachowań seksualnych i przyjemności seksualnej u MH, MG i MB. Uzyskane wyniki, wskazujące na większą różnorodność form ekspresji seksualnej i preferencji wśród MMS, służyć mogą zarówno zmianie stereotypowych przekonań, jak i pozytywnie wpłynąć na praktykę pedagogiczną (edukację seksualną i nauczanie specjalistyczne) oraz kliniczną (trafniejszą oceną potrzeb i problemów doświadczanych przez pacjentów).
W służbie miasta, państwa i Kościoła: Ewangelicki Zakład Diakonijny w Ząbkowicach Śląskich w latach 1860-1946
Authors: Pawłowski Kamil
Published: June 2022

IN THE SERVICE OF THE TOWN, STATE AND CHURCH: THE EVANGELICAL DIACONIC CENTRE IN ZĄBKOWICE ŚLĄSKIE IN THE YEARS 1860-1946 The local pastor Hermann Graeve was an initiator of creating the Evangelical Diaconic Centre in Ząbkowice Śląskie. In 1860, he founded in this town the first evangelical charitable institution. It was the refuge and orphanage Tabeenstift. In order to broaden the scope of such activity, in 1866 the pastor Graeve brought evangelical sisters deaconesses to Ząbkowice Śląskie, and he established in today’s Krzywa Street a parent home, establishing in fact the Evangelical Diaconic Centre. The sister Hedwig von Stosch was the first Mother Superior of this parent house. Among tasks which were to be realised by the diaconic centre one should indicate, first of all, care and breeding of female youth. The management of the institution fell under competence of the diaconic centre’s board which comprised (in addition to the Mother Superior) representatives of evangelical clergy and laymen – mostly the members of noble and aristocratic families.
Minimizing Multimodular Functions and Allocating Capacity in Bike-Sharing Systems
Authors: Freund Daniel , Henderson Shane G. , Shmoys David B.
Published: June 2022

Station-based bike-sharing systems have changed the urban landscape of major American cities including New York City, Boston, Washington DC, and Chicago. In these systems, stations are capacitated: a station’s capacity is given by the number of docks it consists of. Each dock can either be filled with a bike or empty with the number of bikes at the station fluctuating throughout the day. Interestingly, in these systems, stockouts can occur both when stations are empty (making rentals impossible) and when stations are full (making returns impossible). Avoiding stockouts of either type is the most pressing operational concern faced by these systems. Our work on capacity management in bike-sharing systems studies the strategic question of how to size stations in these systems in order to minimize stockouts of either kind. Our findings suggest that reallocating a small portion of the capacity within a system is a cost-efficient way to significantly improve service levels.
Exploring students' argumentation skills using Instagram-based learning
Authors: Mushthofa Zayyinul , Susilo Susilo , Ellianawati Ellianawati
Published: June 2022

Instagram is one of the most popular social media for teenagers to get information through pictures and short videos. Instagram users often provide comments in response to the information obtained. Instagram can be used in online-based learning during the Covid 19 pandemic. This study aims to explore students' argumentation skills using Instagram-based learning and measure student satisfaction responses in using Instagram as a learning medium. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. Respondents used in this study were 25 students of SMA Multazam IBS Semarang. The results of the study that obtained argumentation skills after learning to use Instagram were 56.13 with the indicator giving support getting the largest value of 82.00 and refutation having the smallest value of 44.00. The percentage of students who argue is 76%. Student responses to learning using Instagram 53% strongly agree, 40% agree, 6% disagree, the remaining 1% disagree.
Percepção de discursos de ódio em jogos eletrônicos online por adolescentes de Alagoas
Authors: Silva Ritaciro Cavalcante da , Ifa Sérgio
Published: June 2022

Este artigo discute sobre discursos de ódio e preconceito veiculados em ambientes de jogos eletrônicos na modalidade online, através das falas de adolescentes praticantes destes jogos que relataram sofrer ou testemunhar discursos proferidos contra gêneros ou etnias percebidos como não padrão, além de formular reflexões dos processos envolvidos na construção e manutenção destes discursos (MORTENSEN, 2018; DOWLING, 2020; BULUT, 2021). Este estudo se insere na Linguística Aplicada (FABRICIO, 2006; MAGNANI, 2014) porque entendemos a prática de jogar como portadora de ideologias que podem promover discursos de ódio através de ideais de maestria tecnológica e autopercepção (KOCUREK, 2015). Discorremos sobre a modalidade de jogar em aparelhos celulares, citando o exemplo do jogo Free Fire, e como as condições de produção e o consumo deles podem promover discursos de ódio. Analisamos falas de três adolescentes e suas reações aos discursos sofridos ou testemunhados. Percebemos uma falta da percepção da gravidade de tais discursos por parte de jogadores e desenvolvedores dos jogos, e que a permissividade com discursos de ódio em ambientes online precisa ser combatida.
Análise do discurso da charge política Gado demais: dos efeitos de sentidos à Psicologia das Massas e a Análise do Eu
Authors: Azevedo Nadia Pereira da Silva Gonçalves de , Silva Dayvesson Deleon Bezerra da , Lira Verônica Maria Brayner de Oliveira
Published: June 2022

Este artigo apresenta a análise do funcionamento discursivo da charge Gado Demais, de Vitor Teixeira, publicada nas redes sociais, em 2019. Trata-se da aplicação teórico-metodológica da Análise do Discurso de Linha Francesa (AD), com o objetivo de analisar os sentidos mobilizados pelo cartunista para elaboração de uma crítica política aos apoiadores e ao atual governo brasileiro. São observados, nesta análise, os movimentos de desidentificação e identificação em formações discursivas opostas, no âmbito da política, bem como, os deslizamentos de sentidos e a operacionalização da metáfora na ressignificação do já-dito. Os efeitos de sentidos e suas relações com o interdiscurso são remetidos aos pressupostos da obra Psicologia das massas e análise do eu, de Sigmund Freud, escrita em 1921. Das reflexões, instigantes pela atualidade dos aspectos abordados, interessa-nos, particularmente, o diálogo crítico que Freud estabelece com a Psicologia social e a Antropologia para introduzir proposições da psicanálise na compreensão da psique das massas. Para tanto, utiliza-se o gesto de interpretação que busca na discursividade da charge a sua dinâmica relacional com um processo discursivo que lhe antecede.
Discursos de ódio em ambientes digitais: implicações sociais e legais
Authors: Da Silva Pardo Fernando
Published: June 2022

Este artigo reflete sobre discursos de ódio em ambientes digitais, através de uma abordagem transdisciplinar, partindo do pensamento de Camus (2010), bem como das teorizações sobre o discurso em Foucault (2008, 1999) e Orlandi (2010). A partir de exemplos de discursos de ódio e práticas de resistência nas redes, o objetivo é discutir a linha tênue que separa os discursos de ódio e a liberdade de expressão, assim como a regulação da internet no Brasil. A hipótese é que, com o surgimento de novas práticas sociais em ambientes digitais, tais como as interações entre usuários e a produção, o consumo e o compartilhamento de informações por meio de redes sociais como Facebook, Whatsapp e Twitter, seria importante uma revisão das leis que regulam a internet no Brasil, sobretudo o Marco Civil da Internet (BRASIL, 2014), tal qual vem ocorrendo na União Europeia, através da proposta legislativa The Digital Services Act (COMISSÃO EUROPEIA, 2020b), que visa atualizar a legislação em relação à desinformação, conteúdos ilegais e formas de assédio online. Concluo que a legislação brasileira tem buscado soluções para lidar com a proteção dos dados dos usuários, porém, medidas preventivas e punitivas contra os discursos de ódio online precisam ser desenvolvidas.
Discursos de ódio e discursos de resistência em ambiente digital
Authors: Josiowicz Alejandra Judith , Deusdará Bruno , Baronas Roberto Leiser
Published: June 2022

O presente Dossiê foi organizado a partir da discussão sobre os discursos de ódio e de resistências, que circulam no ambiente digital. Nosso objetivo primeiro ao propormos esse tipo de reflexão é justamente dar destaque à maneira mesmo como os sujeitos, especialmente os ofendidos, lidam em forma de resistências com os discursos de ódio. Não se trata simplesmente de descrever os discursos de ódio, como é o caso da grande maioria dos trabalhos, que tratam da violência verbal, publicados até então, por mais pertinentes que sejam e, o são.Por um lado, a ênfase na questão das resistênciase, por outro a participação de autores/as das mais distintas regiões brasileiras, são, sem sombra de dúvidas, os grandes diferenciaisdeste Dossiê.
Ways of tackling the continuing problem of Never Events
Authors: Tingle John
Published: June 2022

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses the latest figures on Never Events, along with some other patient safety reports
Kynjaslagsíða í fréttum: Um fjölbreytni og lýðræðishlutverk fjölmiðla
Authors: Jóhannsdóttir Valgerður , Steinþórsdóttir Finnborg Salome
Published: June 2022

Fjölmiðlar gegna mikilvægu hlutverki í lýðræðissamfélögum. Lýðræði krefst þess að fólk hafi aðgang að upplýsingum og umræðu um samfélagsleg málefni. Það sem fjölmiðlar birta skiptir máli og lögum samkvæmt ber þeim að gæta þess að sjónarmið jafnt karla sem kvenna komi fram og að vinna að jafnrétti og jöfnum tækifærum allra kynja. Ísland, líkt og önnur Norðurlönd, hefur í fjölmörg ár verið ofarlega á alþjóðlegum listum um kynjajafnrétti. Markmið þessarar greinar er að skoða hvernig íslenskir fjölmiðlar spegla það. Hversu fjölbreyttar eru fréttirnar og hvernig stendur Ísland í samanburði við önnur Norðurlönd? Byggt er á gögnum sem aflað var í alþjóðlegu fjölmiðlavöktuninni Gender and Media Monitoring Project árið 2020. Færð eru rök fyrir því að karlaslagsíða sé meiri í íslenskum fréttamiðlum en ætla mætti miðað við stöðu kvenna innan íslensks samfélags almennt. Aðeins þriðjungur viðmælenda í fréttum eru konur og hlutur kvenna í fréttum hér á landi er einnig rýrari en annars staðar á Norðurlöndum. Ekki er afgerandi kynjaskipting eftir málefnasviðum í fréttum og konur koma ekki síður en karlar fram í tengslum við „harðar“ fréttir. Konum sem viðmælendum í innlendum fréttum hefur fjölgað umtalsvert frá fyrri rannsóknum, en hlutfall kvenna í erlendum fréttum er enn lágt. Fáar konur eru í hlutverki sérfræðinga og álitsgjafa í fréttum, sem er ekki í samræmi við stöðu kvenna í samfélaginu. Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að ráðast þurfi í aðgerðir til að stuðla að jafnrétti og fjölbreytni í fjölmiðlum ef fjölmiðlar eiga að sinna lýðræðishlutverki sínu sem skyldi.
Akademískt frelsi, ábyrgð og hömlur: Sjónarmið háskólakennara á Íslandi
Authors: Frímannsson Guðmundur Heiðar , Ólafsdóttir Anna , Geirsdóttir Guðrún , Kristinsson Sigurður , Bjarnadóttir Valgerður S.
Published: June 2022

Akademískt frelsi er órjúfanlegur þáttur háskólastarfs. Í greininni er rakið inntak og mikilvægi akademísks frelsis og sagt frá niðurstöðum rannsókna á skilningi íslenskra háskólakennara á því og ógnum þess. Tilgreindir eru tveir inntaksþættir, (a) frjálst val viðfangsefna og aðferða í rannsóknum og kennslu og (b) þekkingar- og heilindakrafa. Greinin byggir á gögnum úr þremur gagnasöfnum sem safnað var í tveimur rannsóknarverkefnum, þ.e. gögnum úr spurningakönnun og viðtölum; hópviðtölum í fyrra rannsóknarverkefninu og einstaklingsviðtölum í því síðara. Spurningakönnunin var lögð fyrir árið 2011, hópviðtölin tekin árið 2014 og einstaklingsviðtölin árin 2019-2020. Alls var rætt við 48 akademíska starfsmenn úr þremur háskólum, 26 konur og 22 karla. Viðmælendur voru spurðir hvaða skilning þeir legðu í akademískt frelsi og hvernig það tengdist ólíkum þáttum starfs þeirra sem rannsakenda og háskólakennara. Niðurstöðurnar eru þær að íslenskir háskólakennarar meta akademískt frelsi mikils og tengja það helst við frjálst val viðfangsefna og aðferða í rannsóknum en einnig kennslu. Skilningur er á því að frelsinu fylgja kröfur um þekkingu og heilindi sem lúta jafningjamati, bæði í rannsóknum og kennslu. Viðmælendur finna fyrir því að á sumum sviðum er þrengt að akademísku frelsi þeirra, og kemur sá þrýstingur frá stjórnmálum og atvinnulífi, og sömuleiðis geta rannsóknasjóðir, matskerfi og þröngir útgáfukostir takmarkað frelsi rannsakenda. Hvorki komu fram áhyggjur af lausráðningu né þöggun. Svipuð viðhorf koma fram í öllum þremur gagnasöfnunum.
Identification and separation of chiral particles by focused circularly polarized vortex beams
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Li Manman , Yan Shaohui , Zhou Yuan , Gao Wenyu , Yao Baoli
Published: June 2022

The identification and separation of chiral substances are of importance in the biological, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we demonstrate that a focused circularly polarized vortex beam can, in the focal plane, selectively trap and rotate chiral dipolar particles via radial and azimuthal optical forces. The handedness and topological charge of the incident beam have strong influence on identifying and separating behavior: left- and right-handed circular polarizations lead to opposite effects on the particle of trapping and rotating, while the sign of topological charge will change the particle’s rotation direction. Such effects are a direct result of the handedness and topological charge manifesting themselves in the directions of the spin angular momentum (SAM) and Poynting vector. The research provides insight into the chiral light–matter interaction and may find potential application in the identification and separation of chiral nanoparticles.
Coherent Doppler wind lidar signal denoising adopting variational mode decomposition based on honey badger algorithm
Authors: Zhou Yilun , Li Lang , Wang Kaixin , Zhang Xu , Gao Chunqing
Published: June 2022

Coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) is used to measure wind velocity distribution by using laser pulses. However, the echo signal is easily affected by atmospheric turbulence, which could decrease the effective detection range of CDWL. In this paper, a variation modal decomposition based on honey badger algorithm (VMD-HBA) is proposed and demonstrated. Compared with conventional VMD-based methods, the proposed method utilizes a newly developed HBA to obtain the optimal VMD parameters by iterating the spectrum fitness function. In addition, the Correlation Euclidean distance is applied to identify the relevant mode and used to reconstruct the signal. The simulation results show that the denoising performance of VMD-HBA is superior to other available denoising methods. Experimentally, this combined method was successfully realized to process the actual lidar echo signal. Under harsh detection conditions, the effective detection range of the homemade CDWL system is extended from 13.41 km to 20.61 km.
Cryo-compatible opto-mechanical low-voltage phase-modulator integrated with superconducting single-photon detectors
Authors: Beutel Fabian , Grottke Thomas , Wolff Martin A. , Schuck Carsten , Pernice Wolfram H. P.
Published: June 2022

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have enabled novel functionality in quantum optics, quantum information processing and quantum communication. PICs based on Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) provide low-loss passive components and are compatible with efficient superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). For realizing functional quantum photonic systems, the integration with active phase-shifters is needed which is challenging at the cryogenic temperatures needed for operating SNSPDs. Here we demonstrate a cryo-compatible phase shifter using a low-voltage opto-mechanical modulator and show joint operation with SNSPDs at 1.3 K. We achieve a half-wave voltage of 4.6 V, single-photon detection with 88% on-chip detection efficiency (OCDE) and a low timing jitter of 12.2 ps. Our approach allows for operating reconfigurable quantum photonic circuits with low dissipation in a cryogenic setting.
Unique interface reflection phenomena tailored by nanoscale electromagnetic boundary conditions
Authors: Lai Yucheng , Wang Zhaona
Published: June 2022

Local interface response effects are neglected based on the traditional electromagnetic boundary conditions (EMBCs) in an abrupt interface model. In this study, generalized nanoscale EMBCs are derived with interface response functions (IRFs) representing field inhomogeneity across the interface based on integral Maxwell’s equations. They are rewritten in two different forms that correspond to the equivalent abrupt interface models with interface-induced dipoles or charges and currents. Interesting behaviors of Brewster angle shifting, non-extinction at Brewster angle, and unique absorption or gain effects are revealed based on the advanced Fresnel formula. IRFs-controlled GH-shift and angular GH-shift of a Gaussian beam near the Brewster angles are generated by the gradient interface. These unique phenomena provide some guidance for measuring the IRFs and expanding interface photonics at the nanoscale.
Robust binary fringe generation method with defocus adaptability
Authors: Zheng Zhuojun , Gao Jian , Zhuang Yizhong , Zhang Lanyu , Chen Xin
Published: June 2022

Current binary defocus technology mainly focuses on fringe generation suitable for specific frequencies without considering fringe adaptability for defocus-degree variation, which decreases the measuring accuracy for this scenario. To achieve a high-quality measurement, we propose a robust binary fringe generation method to minimize the phase error caused by changes in defocus and the random error in measurement. In the method, we establish a complete phase error model and construct a novel objective function, to the best of our knowledge, to optimize the binarization threshold of each pixel. Through derivation of the threshold gradient calculation formula, we quickly obtain optimal binary fringes that can adapt to different fringe pitches and various degrees of defocus. The experimental results verify that the proposed method can generate robust binary fringes adaptive to different fringe pitches and defocus degree variation, and thus achieve high-quality 3D measurements.
Integrated orbital angular momentum mode sorters on vortex fibers
Authors: Lightman Shlomi , Bleyhman Ilan , Somers Lavi , Hurvitz Gilad , Gvishi Raz , Rusch Leslie A. , Arie Ady
Published: June 2022

We design, fabricate, and characterize integrated mode sorters for multimode fibers that guide well-separated vortex modes. We use 3D direct laser printing to print a collimator and a Cartesian to a log-polar mode transformer on the tip of the fiber. This polarization insensitive device can send different modes into different exit angles and is therefore useful for space division multiplexed optical communication. Two types of fibers with two corresponding sorters are used, enabling the sorting of either four or eight different modes in a compact and robust manner. The integration of the vortex fiber and multiplexer opens the door for widespread exploitation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) for data multiplexing in fiber networks.