bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bézier Curves-Based Optimal Trajectory Design for Multirotor UAVs with Any-Angle Pathfinding Algorithms
Authors: Satai Haitham AL , Zahra Musaddak M. Abdul , Rasool Zaid I. , Abd-Ali Ridhab Sami , Pruncu Catalin I.
Published: April 2021

Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) play an imperative role in many real-world applications in a variety of scenarios characterized by a high density of obstacles with different heights. Due to the complicated operation areas of UAVs and complex constraints associated with the assigned mission, there should be a suitable path to fly. Therefore, the most relevant challenge is how to plan a flyable path for a UAV without collisions with obstacles. This paper demonstrates how a flyable and continuous trajectory was constructed by using any-angle pathfinding algorithms, which are Basic Theta*, Lazy Theta*, and Phi* algorithms for a multirotor UAV in a cluttered environment. The three algorithms were modified by adopting a modified cost function during their implementation that considers the elevation of nodes. First, suitable paths are generated by using a modified version of the three algorithms. After that, four Bézier curves-based approaches are proposed to smooth the generated paths to be converted to flyable paths (trajectories). To determine the most suitable approach, particularly when searching for an optimal and collision-free trajectory design, an innovative evaluation process is proposed and applied in a variety of different size environments. The evaluation process results show high success rates of the four approaches; however, the approach with the highest success rate is adopted. Finally, based on the results of the evaluation process, a novel algorithm is proposed to increase the efficiency of the selected approach to the optimality in the construction process of the trajectory.
Semantically Synchronizing Multiple-Camera Systems with Human Pose Estimation
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Chunyu , Qin Wenhu
Published: April 2021

Multiple-camera systems can expand coverage and mitigate occlusion problems. However, temporal synchronization remains a problem for budget cameras and capture devices. We propose an out-of-the-box framework to temporally synchronize multiple cameras using semantic human pose estimation from the videos. Human pose predictions are obtained with an out-of-the-shelf pose estimator for each camera. Our method firstly calibrates each pair of cameras by minimizing an energy function related to epipolar distances. We also propose a simple yet effective multiple-person association algorithm across cameras and a score-regularized energy function for improved performance. Secondly, we integrate the synchronized camera pairs into a graph and derive the optimal temporal displacement configuration for the multiple-camera system. We evaluate our method on four public benchmark datasets and demonstrate robust sub-frame synchronization accuracy on all of them.
Dual-Mode Radar Sensor for Indoor Environment Mapping
Authors: Lee Seongwook , Kwon Song-Yi , Kim Bong-Jun , Lim Hae-Seung , Lee Jae-Eun
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we introduce mapping results in an indoor environment based on our own developed dual-mode radar sensor. Our radar system uses a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) with a center frequency of 62 GHz and a multiple-input multiple-output antenna system. In addition, the FMCW radar sensor we designed is capable of dual-mode detection, which alternately transmits two waveforms using different bandwidths within one frame. The first waveform is for long-range detection, and the second waveform is for short-range detection. This radar system is mounted on a small robot that moves in indoor environments such as rooms or hallways, and the radar and the robot send and receive necessary information to each other. The radar estimates the distance, velocity, and angle information of targets around the radar-equipped robot. Then, the radar receives information about the robot’s motion from the robot, such as its speed and rotation angle. Finally, by combining the motion information and the detection results, the radar-equipped robot maps the indoor environment while finding its own position. Compared to the actual map data, the radar-based mapping is effectively achieved through the radar system we developed.
The Use of Multicriteria Inference Method to Identify and Classify Selected Combustion Engine Malfunctions Based on Vehicle Structure Vibrations
Authors: Prażnowski Krzysztof , Bieniek Andrzej , Mamala Jarosław , Deptuła Adam
Published: April 2021

Internal combustion engines are among the most commonly used propulsion units for drive systems in various industries such as land transportation, maritime transportation, and power generation. Their operation involves a continuous change of technical condition as a result of not only the combustion process but also their operation under conditions of variable load or ambient impact. It is therefore important to monitor the technical condition of internal combustion engines to ensure high performance and reliability over their lifetime. The article presents the test results obtained from incorrect operation of an internal combustion engine as a result of forced failures of the ignition and injection system. On this basis, a multicriteria comparison of the signal analysis of engine block vibrations was made, after the transformation of the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, by using the induction technique obtained from the operation of decision tree algorithms. For this purpose, the amplitude spectrum in the frequency domain, scaled to absolute values of discretization for which teaching and testing data tables were created for successive harmonics, was determined for the engine block vibration signal being tested. On the basis of the developed algorithm using decision trees, a multicriteria data table was analyzed for which a compatibility path for the analyzed engine block vibration signal is created. In this way, it is confirmed with a specified degree of effectiveness, depending on the point of operation of the engine resulting from its crankshaft speed, that there is a possibility of detecting a preset ignition or injection system malfunction in the technical condition of the internal combustion engine with a probability up to about 72%.
Assessing the Stiffness Perception of Acupressure Massage Beginning Learners: A Pilot Study
Authors: Doi Kouki , Sakaguchi Saito , Nishimura Takahiro , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Ino Shuichi
Published: April 2021

Visually impaired licensed therapists must have the ability to perceive stiffness through their fingertips in the school for the blind. The teachers strive to provide careful introductory education based on a quantitative assessment of new students’ basic stiffness perception. However, assessment materials to help teachers understand new students’ stiffness perception are lacking. This study aimed to develop suitable fundamental assessment materials that visually impaired licensed teachers could use to quantitatively assess the difference in the stiffness perception ability of beginning learners in the early stages of learning. They were asked to discriminate the presented materials one at a time, which consisted of thermoplastic elastomers with different degrees of stiffness. We used these materials to compare the beginning learners’ ability to perceive stiffness with that of teachers and found that teachers answered correctly at an overall significantly higher rate. Specifically, the teachers’ correct response rate (78.8%) for the stiffness perception of all presented stimuli was approximately 15% higher than the beginning learners’ correct response rate (64.2%). These results revealed areas of stiffness that are difficult for beginning learners to identify.
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography for Rutin, Chlorogenic Acid, Caffeic Acid, Ursolic Acid, and Stigmasterol Analysis in Periploca aphylla Extracts
Authors: Orfali Raha , Perveen Shagufta , Aati Hanan Y. , Alam Perwez , Noman Omar M. , Palacios Javier , Al-Kurbi Bayan Salem S. , Al-Taweel Areej M. , Khan Afsar , Mehmood Rashad , Khan Shabana Iqrar
Published: April 2021

Periploca aphylla (PA), an interesting Saudi medicinal plant, is used in folk medicine to treat urticaria, cerebral fever, tumors, and swelling. To prove its use in folk medicine, two different extracts from the aerial parts of the plant: chloroform P-1, and n-butanol P-2 were subjected to biological assays to screen peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα and PPARγ) agnostic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and estrogenic activities. In addition, five bioactive secondary metabolites were isolated from the aerial parts of the plant: rutin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ursolic acid, and stigmasterol. P-1 and P-2 decreased cellular oxidative stress by 47.0% and 62.0%, respectively, compared to the standard drug quercetin, while one of the compounds rutin PA-1 isolated from P-1 extract and significantly decreased cellular oxidative stress by 67.0% compared to quercetin (75.0%). P-1 and P-2 also significantly activated PPARγ agnostic. P-1 and P-2 did not inhibit nuclear factor kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and showed no cytotoxic or estergenic effects on four human cancer cell lines. In this study, both extracts were standardized using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). RP-HPTLC showed sharp and compact bands of rutin (Rf = 0.09), caffeic acid (Rf = 0.25), and chlorogenic acid (Rf = 0.39) scanned at λmax = 340 nm using the water: methanol (60:40 v/v) mobile phase. At λmax = 539 nm ursolic acid (Rf = 0.20) and stigmasterol (Rf = 0.48) were scanned using the chloroform: methanol (98:2 v/v) as NP-HPTLC mobile phase. Therefore, the developed RP- and NP-HPTLC systems are a precise, sensitive, and specific analytical tool for the quantification of compounds isolated from PA, which can be used as phytomarkers for taxonomical identification and assessment of PA.
On the Streets of Paris: The Experience of Displaced Migrants and Refugees
Authors: Byrne Madeleine
Published: April 2021

In the wake of the demolition of the “The Jungle” at Calais, northern France, in October 2016, more than three thousand asylum seekers, refugees and other informal immigrants at any given time live in informal tent cities throughout the city’s northern areas. These makeshift camps appear to manifest a central issue in the French asylum system, that is applicants after making a claim for protection, and awaiting a hearing or decision, receive next to no formal support (financial, or residential) and are largely left to fend for themselves.Not all of the camp residents are asylum seekers wanting to stay in France. Some are migrants (or asylum seekers) en route to the United Kingdom; others are refugees who received French protection, with no housing. Between 2015–2017 there were multiple outbreaks of scabies in these tent cities leading to sanitation workers refusing to work in their vicinity. The current Covid-19 crisis has, moreover, further exacerbated concerns about the health of the unhoused asylum seekers and migrants in Paris - unaccompanied minors, in particular. This article will consider the repeated displacement, or dispersal, of this population in terms of the changing “politics of immigration”and policing in France under President Emmanuel Macron. In order to present the broader social context, it will also describe current events in Paris, including Macron government’s legislation relating to asylum/immigration, policing and more, amid the Covid-19 health crisis.
Flood Pulse Irrigation of Meadows Shapes Soil Chemical and Microbial Parameters More Than Mineral Fertilization
Authors: Kenngott Kilian G. J. , Riess Kai , Muñoz Katherine , Schaumann Gabriele E. , Buhk Constanze , Diehl Dörte
Published: April 2021

While mineral fertilization increases agricultural yields, it also bears the risk of contaminating non-target ecosystems and negatively affecting soil chemical parameters and microbial communities. This calls for alternative and more sustainable agricultural practices that reduce the use of fertilizers. Flood pulse irrigation could be an alternative to mineral fertilization of hay meadows, since it increases the yield with little or no application of fertilizer. However, the positive and negative implications of flood pulse irrigation on soil chemical parameters and particularly soil microbial communities are still largely unknown. In this study, we assessed shifts in soil microbial communities (SMC) as a response to changes in soil chemical parameters after flood pulse irrigation and/or fertilization of meadows. We determined soil chemical (Corg, Ntot, water extractable N, P, K, pH) and microbial (phospholipid-derived fatty acids, PLFA) parameters of 12 meadows in a 2 × 2 factorial design, comprising flood pulse irrigation and fertilization. Corg, Ntot, and water content as well as microbial biomass were higher in flood-irrigated than in non-flooded soils. Soil microbial biomass positively correlated with Corg, Ntot, and water extractable N. Gram-negative bacteria significantly increased, whereas the fungi/bacteria ratio significantly decreased in flood-irrigated soils compared to non-flooded soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were positively correlated with soil pH. Flood pulse irrigation seemed to promote the build-up of a larger soil carbon and nitrogen pool as well as higher water content and microbial biomass. By this, it potentially mitigated negative mineral fertilization effects such as changed soil pH and reduced carbon use efficiency. We conclude that flood pulse irrigation may represent a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilization.
Lifecycle Assessment of Monosodium Glutamate Made from Non-Edible Biomass
Authors: Nakamura Keiji , Itsubo Norihiro
Published: April 2021

The open burning of agricultural residues derived from rice is a social issue in Thailand, as it causes air pollution in the form of smoke. A way to prevent smoke air pollution is to pulverize glycosylated non-edible biomass and convert it to monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study assessed MSG produced by non-edible biomass and compared the environmental performance of MSG produced using tapioca starch. The scope of this study ranges from the cultivation of raw materials to the production of MSG. The adopted impact categories include carbon, water, and air pollution. The primary data refer to the average unit input and fuel consumption of annual MSG production. The secondary data are used for inventories, namely, Ecoinvent 3, the Water Footprint Network, and the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. We also conducted an impact assessment of the health impacts and weighting across several impact categories using LIME-3. The human health impact assessments for MSG from non-edible biomass and tapioca starch show gains of 1.92 × 10−5 and 3.59 × 10−5 DALYs per kg MSG, respectively. This difference is due to declining water scarcity and air pollution footprints. We found that using rice straw prevents water scarcity and smoke air pollution caused by open burning.
Sustainability in Brandenburg Study Programs. Perspectives for Anchoring Sustainability in Higher Education Curricula
Authors: Krah Jennifer Maria , Reimann Julian , Molitor Heike
Published: April 2021

The study investigates the extent to which sustainability is anchored in university curricula of a federal state (Brandenburg, Germany). (1) It provides a baseline for identifying opportunities for sustainability-related curriculum reform by analyzing study programs, levels and type of degree, level of anchoring, and context within the documents. (2) The case studies included an analysis and quantitative evaluation of 748 curricular documents. (3) A third of the study programs refer to sustainability; to an equal extent in both bachelor’s and master’s programs, and to an above-average extent in the fields of science and engineering. There is a strong commitment to sustainability in 12% of the curricula; however, it is strongly anchored in only 3% of study and examination regulations, and in only 9% of module descriptions. (4) For the first time, we have comprehensive results on sustainability in university curricula of an entire federal state and can discuss potentials for its further integration. The innovative method was developed out of the National Monitoring on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and adapted to the federal state level; the analysis of curricula through a wider set of variables is transferrable to other states. (5) The study provides indications for the regional development of universities which is crucial for future regional sustainability transformation.
Heritage Module within Legal Translation and Interpreting Studies: Didactic Contribution to University Students’ Sustainable Education
Authors: Atabekova Anastasia
Published: April 2021

This article explores the hypothesis that the concept of heritage is relevant for a university-based degree course in legal translators and interpreters’ training. The research rests on the legal and academic understanding of cultural heritage. The study explores its specifics regarding the English-taught discipline on Legal Translation and Interpreting Studies within the above-mentioned graduate program. The research integrates qualitative tools and statistical instruments, starts with the theoretical consideration of legislative and academic sources, proceeds to the empirical studies of heritage samples, and considers their relevance for the heritage module design within the specified discipline. The experimental design of such a module and its use for the training of students are also part of the present investigation that further explores students’ perceptions of the heritage module under study, with reference to their future career tracks. The study reveals the specifics and components of the heritage framework for the discipline under study and identifies those areas of professional activities for which students consider the heritage module as most useful and relevant. These issues have not been a subject for academic research so far, which contributes to the research relevance and novelty.
Love Food, Hate Waste? Ambivalence towards Food Fosters People’s Willingness to Waste Food
Authors: Buttlar Benjamin , Löwenstein Lars , Geske Marie-Sophie , Ahlmer Heike , Walther Eva
Published: April 2021

Food waste is the origin of major social and environmental issues. In industrial societies, domestic households are the biggest contributors to this problem. But why do people waste food although they buy and value it? Answering this question is mandatory to design effective interventions against food waste. So far, however, many interventions have not been based on theoretical knowledge. Integrating food waste literature and ambivalence research, we propose that domestic food waste can be understood via the concept of ambivalence—the simultaneous presence of positive and negative associations towards the same attitude object. In support of this notion, we demonstrated in three pre-registered experiments that people experienced ambivalence towards non-perishable food products with expired best before dates. The experience of ambivalence was in turn associated with an increased willingness to waste food. However, two informational interventions aiming to prevent people from experiencing ambivalence did not work as intended (Experiment 3). We hope that the outlined conceptualization inspires theory-driven research on why and when people dispose of food and on how to design effective interventions.
On the Dressed Photon Constant and Its Implication for a Novel Perspective on Cosmology
Authors: Sakuma Hirofumi , Ojima Izumi
Published: April 2021

As an important follow-up report on the latest study of the first author (H.S.) on an off-shell quantum field causing a dressed photon and dark energy, we further discuss a couple of intriguing subjects based on the new notion of simultaneous conformal symmetry breaking. One is the dressed photon constant. If we use it, in addition to h¯ and c, as the third component of natural units, it is defined as the geometric mean of the smallest and the largest lengths: Planck length and that relating to the cosmological constant. Interestingly, this length (≈50 nanometers) seems to give a rough measure of the Heisenberg cut for electromagnetic phenomena. The other is a new perspective on cosmology that combines two original notions, i.e., twin universes and conformal cyclic cosmology, proposed, respectively, by Petit and Penrose, into one novel picture where universes expand self-similarly. We show the possibility that twin universes having a dual structure of (matter with (dark energy and matter)) vs. corresponding anti-entities, separated by an event horizon embedded in the geometric structure of de Sitter space, undergo endless cyclic processes of birth and death, as in the case of the pair creation and annihilation of elementary particles through the intervention of a conformal light field.
Elimination of Intravenous Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate Exposure Abrogates Most Neonatal Hypertension in Premature Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Jenkins Randall , Farnbach Katia , Iragorri Sandra
Published: April 2021

(1) Background: The incidence of hypertension in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants in a single neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) dropped markedly during a 2-year period when the IV fluid (IVF) in both the antenatal unit and the NICU temporarily changed to a di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)-free formulation. The objective of the current report is to document this observation and demonstrate the changes in incidence of hypertension were not associated with the variation in risk factors for hypertension; (2) Methods: The charts of all VLBW infants born in a single NICU during a 7-year span were reviewed. This time includes 32 months of baseline, 20 months of DEHP-free IVF, 20 months of IVF DEHP re-exposure, and two 4-month washout intervals. The group of interest was limited to VLBW infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Chi-square analysis was used to compare incidence of hypertension among periods. Vermont Oxford NICU Registry data were examined for variation in maternal and neonatal risk factors for hypertension; Results: Incidence of hypertension in VLBW infants with BPD decreased from 7.7% (baseline) to 1.4% when IVF was DEHP-free, rising back to 10.1% when DEHP-containing IVF returned to use. Risk factors for neonatal hypertension were stable across the 3 study periods in the NICU’s group of VLBW infants; (3) Conclusions: Serendipitous removal of IVF containing DEHP resulted in near elimination of hypertension in one NICU—an effect entirely reversed after the same brand of DEHP-containing IVF returned to clinical use. These results suggest that DEHP exposure from IVF plays a major role in neonatal hypertension.
Occurrence, Removal, and Mass Balance of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Northeast China
Authors: Mohammed Rashid , Zhang Zi-Feng , Jiang Chao , Hu Ying-Hua , Liu Li-Yan , Ma Wan-Li , Song Wei-Wei , Nikolaev Anatoly , Kallenborn Roland , Li Yi-Fan
Published: April 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 33 methylated PAHs (Me-PAHs), and 14 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) were measured in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the removal efficiency of these compounds through the WWTPs, as well as their source appointment and potential risk in the effluent. The concentrations of ∑PAHs, ∑Me-PAHs, and ∑NPAHs were 2.01–8.91, 23.0–102, and 6.21–171 µg/L in the influent, and 0.17–1.37, 0.06–0.41 and 0.01–2.41 µg/L in the effluent, respectively. Simple Treat 4.0 and meta-regression methods were applied to calculate the removal efficiencies (REs) for the 63 PAHs and their derivatives in 10 WWTPs and the results were compared with the monitoring data. Overall, the ranges of REs were 55.3–95.4% predicated by the Simple Treat and 47.5–97.7% by the meta-regression. The results by diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis PCA showed that “mixed source” biomass, coal composition, and petroleum could be recognized to either petrogenic or pyrogenic sources. The risk assessment of the effluent was also evaluated, indicating that seven carcinogenic PAHs, Benzo[a]pyrene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and Benzo(a)anthracene were major contributors to the toxics equivalency concentrations (TEQs) in the effluent of WWTPs, to which attention should be paid.
Screening of Mosquitoes for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Croatia, 2015–2020
Authors: Klobucar Ana , Savic Vladimir , Curman Posavec Marcela , Petrinic Suncica , Kuhar Urska , Toplak Ivan , Madic Josip , Vilibic-Cavlek Tatjana
Published: April 2021

In the period from 2015 to 2020, an entomological survey for the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in mosquitoes was performed in northwestern Croatia. A total of 20,363 mosquitoes were sampled in the City of Zagreb and Međimurje county, grouped in 899 pools and tested by real-time RT-PCR for WNV and USUV RNA. All pools were negative for WNV while one pool each from 2016 (Aedes albopictus), 2017 (Culex pipiens complex), 2018 (Cx. pipiens complex), and 2019 (Cx. pipiens complex), respectively, was positive for USUV. The 2018 and 2019 positive pools shared 99.31% nucleotide homology within the USUV NS5 gene and both clustered within USUV Europe 2 lineage. The next-generation sequencing of one mosquito pool (Cx. pipiens complex) collected in 2018 in Zagreb confirmed the presence of USUV and revealed several dsDNA and ssRNA viruses of insect, bacterial and mammalian origin.
La Investigación Arqueológica en el Palacio San José - Museo y Monumento Histórico Nacional “Justo José de Urquiza” (Entre Ríos, Argentina)
Authors: Guillermo Sandra
Published: April 2021

Durante el siglo XIX el Palacio San José constituyó la residencia familiar de Justo José de Urquiza, un prestigioso político, militar y hacendado argentino, gobernador de la provincia de Entre Ríos y Presidente de la Confederación Argentina entre 1854 y 1860. La investigación arqueológica realizada en el predio que rodea dicha residencia fue la primera experiencia efectuada en el lugar desde esta disciplina. Articuló la investigación científica académica con una fuerte participación de la comunidad, a través de asociaciones colaborativas con instituciones universitarias asentadas en Concepción del Uruguay y otras instituciones locales, lo cual le otorgó a la práctica arqueológica desarrollada una característica particular. El objetivo general fue identificar y recuperar evidencia presente en tres áreas que rodean al Palacio San José durante el momento de ocupación del sitio en el siglo XIX. Mediante la excavación arqueológica se hallaron restos estructurales, tales como una vereda de ladrillos artesanales, los cimientos de un mirador con un patio con canteros, así como también restos artefactuales (botellas, vidrios, pipas, clavos, etc.) de la vida cotidiana del siglo XIX provenientes de la excavación de un basural. En este artículo se presentan los principales lineamientos de la investigación y los resultados generales alcanzados luego de realizados los trabajos de campo y de gabinete.
TARİHTEN GÜNÜMÜZE EBELİK EĞİTİMİ VE MESLEĞİNE KISA BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: AYDIN KARTAL Yasemin , AKSOY Tuğba
Published: April 2021

Doğum günümüze kadar insanlığın varoluşu ve devamlılığı için önemini korumuştur. Doğumda kadınların en büyük yardımcısı olan ebelerin, doğumu yönetmek ve doğum yapan kadını psikolojik olarak rahatlatmak gibi rolleri bulunmaktadır. Eski çağlarda eğitim almadan geleneksel olarak usta-çırak ilişkisi ile yürütülen ebelik, günümüzde bilimsel profesyonel bir meslek olarak yürütülmektedir. Türkiye’de ebelik eğitimi, sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan gelişmeler, sağlık politikaları çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Bu derleme, ebelik eğitimi ve mesleğinde günümüze kadar olan değişim ve gelişimini ortaya koymak amacıyla yazılmıştır.
THE EFFECT OF TRAINING ON THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF EMERGENCY NURSES ON COLLECTING, KEEPING AND TRANSFERRING BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN FORENSIC CASES
Authors: CERİT Birgül , EVLER Emine Seda , ÇALIŞKAN Mehmet Ali
Published: April 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of training on the knowledge level of emergency nurses on collecting, keeping, and transferring biological evidence in forensic cases. The research was designed in a single group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental model. The sample group of this study consisted of 61 nurses working at the emergency service in a training and research hospital in one of the metropolitan cities of Turkey. While the mean score obtained from the questionnaire administrated to nurses before training (pre-test) was 57.81 ± 16.70, the mean score achieved after training (post-test) was 85.56 ± 12.34. When comparing the mean scores of nurses before and after the forensic nursing training, a statistically significant difference was found. It was concluded that the training on collecting, keeping, and transferring biological evidence had a positive effect on the knowledge level of emergency nurses. Therefore, it can be suggested that such in-service training programs should be organized so that emergency nurses can manage forensic cases properly.
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT OF FORCE CUTTING OF SEEDLING ROOTS BY THE BLADE OF THE WORKING BODY OF PLANT LIFTERS
Authors: Druchinin Denis , Gnusov Maksim , Borodin Nikolay , Milyaev Andrey , Voskoboinik Mihail
Published: April 2021

Large-sized woody plants are widely used in forestry and forest parks. This type of planting material, which has certain advantages over ordinary seedlings and seedlings in the form of better preservation and survival rate, prolonging the planting season and reducing the volume of preparatory work, is transplanted with a soil lump using special equipment. Research has being carried out to create equipment for digging out large-sized plants with a lump of soil. Previously, laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the effort of cutting the roots of tree species with blades of various configurations. The obtained data made it possible to determine the optimal geometric parameters of the cutting edge of the blade - the sharpening angle is 30 ° and the angle at the apex of the oblique blade is 105 °. However, this configuration of the cutting element did not always provide a cut of the root system without damage. This paper presents further improvement of the design of plant lifters and the development of research on power cutting of root wood with cutting elements of various profiles. During the experiments, we used blades with the following cutting edge shape: horizontal, providing horizontal cutting with a flat wedge, as well as oblique and arcuate for sliding cutting. According to the research results, it was determined that the smallest cutting force is provided by the use of a blade with an arcuate cutting edge. It has been established that this blade configuration in combination with a cutting edge sharpening angle of 30 ° allows cutting the roots with minimal squeezing and cracking of their surface
CALCULATION OF MANIPULATOR EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FOR STUDYING THE METHODS OF LEARNING (WITH REINFORCEMENT)
Authors: Stupnikov Dmitriy , Tolstyh Andrey , Malyukov Sergey , Aksenov Aleksey , Novikov Sergey
Published: April 2021

Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning algorithm. These algorithms interact with the model of the environment in which the robotic system is supposed to be used, and make it possible to obtain relatively simple approximations of effective sets of system actions to achieve the set goal. The use of reinforcement learning will allow training the model on server hardware, and in the final system use already trained neural networks, the complexity of calculating the response of which directly depends on their topology. In the presented work, a statistical calculation of a prototype of a robotic manipulator for bench research of reinforcement learning systems has been carried out. The choice of design features and materials has been substantiated; the main units and design features have been considered. The studies were carried out in the SolidWorks Simulation software. A prototype of a robotic manipulator with a sufficiently high safety margin was obtained. It is concluded that the main stress concentrator is the junction of the eyelet and the platform, however, the maximum stress value was 38.804 kgf/sm2, which is insignificant. In this case, the maximum resulting movement will be concentrated in the upper part of the eyelet, and will shift depending on the position of the manipulator arm. The maximum recorded displacement is 0.073 mm, which is negligible
APPLICATION OF BIOMYMICRY PRINCIPLES IN THE OF DESIGN FURNITURE AND INTERIOR OBJECTS
Authors: Efimova Tatyana , Ishchenko Tatyana , Zarytovskih Anastasiya , Dovgal' Valeriya
Published: April 2021

Search for an artistic image is one of the important stages in the design of furniture and interior items. Nature and surrounding world is an unlimited source of ideas and inspiration for creative activities. Biomimicry is a relatively new scientific field that is becoming more popular every day. It uses the best ideas of nature to create new technologies and objects, combines many classical sciences, including physics, chemistry, biology and medicine, which determines its development and a wide scope of practical application. The aim of the study was to apply the principles of biomimicry when creating new shapes of furniture and interior items. The study is based on observation of selected natural objects, their abstraction using knowledge of geometric laws. The data obtained served as the basis for the development of new forms of products. From the research carried out, it can be concluded that the integration of the principles of biomimicry in the process of creating new elements and forms of furniture, interior items develops extraordinary thinking and creative skills among students and design specialists, enables them to obtain unusual, interesting solution
Another view on handwriting samples: „inverted repeatability”
Authors:   Forensic Laboratory of Szczecin Police Headquarters, Kondraciuk Konrad
Published: April 2021

The article takes up the issue of a different approach to materials being subject to classical document examination and refers to repeatable forms, which have an important function in handwriting analysis. Basing on examinations of writing samples originating from different individuals, an occurrence of a repeatable form departing from the official definition has been observed, i.e. “inverted repeatability”. It constitutes a variation of the traditional repeatable form, i.e. the compared elements are inverted and executed in opposite directions. Below, examples and results of the research work are presented. The very nature of the “inverted repeatability” in classical document examination is emphasized with reference to writing habits and traditional repeatable forms.
Ocular marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue masquerading as chalazion: a case report
Authors: Syafiq Nik Ahmad Mat Zaidan , Azida Juana Wan Ab Kadir , Reddy Sagili Chandrasekhara , Fazliana Ismail
Published: April 2021

A case of ocular marginal zone non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the conjunctiva masquerading as chalazion is reported in a 57-year-old Chinese man, known to have diabetes mellitus. He presented with painless swelling of the lower lid and redness in the right eye for 3 months duration. A diagnosis of chalazion was made, and incision and curettage were performed by a general ophthalmologist. The swelling worsened and spread to the whole lower lid. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lesion involving the right periorbital region limited to the anterior orbital septum that was hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2. A diagnosis of periorbital cellulitis with possibility of lymphoma was suggested.

When he came to our eye clinic for expert opinion, his visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus were normal except early cataract changes in both eyes. There was a hard, non-tender, immobile mass within the lower eyelid associated with conjunctival injection and chemosis. Histopathology of the conjunctival biopsy showed features of low-grade non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and the immunohistochemistry report was suggestive of marginal zone lymphoma. He was treated with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone) and radiotherapy, following which the swelling resolved.

When patients do not respond to treatment as expected after incision and curettage of chalazion, a high index of possibility of malignancy should be kept in mind whenever a recurrence of hard swelling is observed at the same site in the eyelid. All suspicious lesions should be biopsied to find out the correct diagnosis.
Evans syndrome in child with sudden blindness
Authors: Hamid Muhammad Fadhli Ab , Choo May May , Khaliddin Nurliza , Ramli Norlina Mohd
Published: April 2021

A 3-year-old girl presented with sudden onset of bilateral vision loss on waking up from sleep. There had been no associated eye pain, eye redness, fever or history of trauma in the days leading up to the presentation. She had been diagnosed with Evans syndrome at the age of 18 months and started on a regular dose of oral prednisolone under regular follow-up at the paediatric clinic. Upon presentation, her visual acuity was light perception bilaterally, with relative afferent pupillary defect in the right eye and sluggish pupils bilaterally. Bilateral fundus examination showed normal macula and pink optic discs without papilloedema. Other systemic examinations were unremarkable. The provisional diagnosis was severe bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis, prompting further investigations to rule out infectious or vasculitic causes. Extensive investigations were carried out during admission including infective screenings of blood and urine, all of which were negative. A contrasted magnetic resonance image of the brain showed both orbital segments were swollen and appeared hyperintense, with involvement of the intracanalicular and intracranial segments, suggesting an inflammatory or demyelinating aetiology. A visual evoked potential test to rule out demyelination disease was also normal. As intravenous methylprednisolone treatment appeared to have a slow effect, the treatment was switched to intravenous gammaglobulin. The patient responded well to treatment, and her latest visual acuity assessment 1 month after presentation showed bilateral vision of 6/24. This is the first-ever Evans syndrome patient to be reported worldwide with bilateral optic nerve sterile inflammation.
A tale of ptosis, pharmacological tests, and Pancoast tumour
Authors: Hamid Muhammad Fadhli Ab , Zahari Mimiwati , Ramli Norlina Mohd
Published: April 2021

Horner syndrome (HS) classically presents with ipsilateral blepharoptosis, pupillary miosis, and facial anhidrosis and caused by a lesion along the oculosympathetic pathway from the hypothalamus to eye. The diagnosis of HS in a patient presenting with partial ptosis may be easily missed in the Asian patient. This is mainly due to the dark irides, making detection of anisocoria on direct visualization difficult. Index of suspicion must be high, especially in the absence of any extraocular motility or lid abnormalities. We present a case where a healthy asymptomatic patient presented with partial ptosis and diagnosis of HS was eventually confirmed through pharmacological tests. Non-targeted imaging with a simple chest X-ray revealed an apical lung lesion which eventually turned out to be malignant. Although it is a typical textbook description, this case highlights the importance of careful history and examination in an otherwise healthy patient presenting with mild ptosis.
Wies procedure for correcting involutional entropion of the lower lid in geriatrics
Authors: Shahid Erum , Fasih Uzma , Shaikh Arshad
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the anatomic outcome and recurrence rate of the Wies procedure for treating involutional entropion of the lower lid in geriatrics.

Materials and methods: This retrospective case series was conducted in the Ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Geriatric patients (≥ 65 years) who had undergone the Wies procedure, i.e., transverse lid split and everting sutures for correction of involutional entropion of the lower lid were included. All the surgeries were done under local anaesthesia by a single ophthalmologist. The follow-up period was 12 months. A successful outcome was defined as restoration of lid margin to its position with no lash touching the cornea and no recurrence within 12 months.

Results: Eighteen eyes of 13 patients with a mean age of 67.6 ± 2.2 SD years were included. There were 11 males (61%) and 7 females (39%). Bilateral entropion correction was done in five patients. Nine right eyes and nine left eyes were included. Anatomical success was 94.4% at 12 months. Recurrence was seen in one (5.6%) patient at 12 months.

Conclusion: The Wies procedure for correction of involutional entropion with horizontal lid laxity in the geriatric population provided good anatomic results in our study. The recurrence rate was minimal within 1 year. The recurrence rate can be reduced by an accurate initial entropion assessment.
Currículo Oficial do Estado de São Paulo: desdobramentos de um ensino pautado em competências
Authors: Carvalho Celso Do Prado Ferraz de , Patiño Tatiana Zanini da Silva
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta resultados parciais de pesquisa que tem como objeto de estudo o currículo oficial paulista. A revisão bibliográfica realizada constatou, que existem muitas pesquisas que tratam do referido currículo, no entanto, poucas enfatizam os eixos centrais que o norteiam. Dos cinco eixos centrais que definem o currículo oficial paulista, três deles estabelecem que o currículo enfatize o ensino centrado em competências. Apresentamos nesse texto os primeiros resultados de nossa análise, problematizando os significados que o conceito de competência assume nos documentos curriculares. Nosso objetivo é compreender quais significados o conceito de competências assume nos documentos, bem como as referências teóricas que o orienta.
Alargamento das Funções da Escola: as brumas do neoliberalismo
Authors: Botelho Chagas Guilherme , Lockmann Kamila
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os efeitos do projeto Acreditar é investir e as estratégias efetivadas pelo mesmo na vida dos estudantes jovens. Utilizamos como sustentação os estudos desenvolvidos por Michel Foucault e Alfredo Veiga-Neto e alguns conceitos-ferramenta como governamento, biopoder e biopolítica. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com os funcionários e ex-funcionários da escola e redes de narrações com os adolescentes que participaram do mesmo. A partir das análises foi possível construir dois eixos para discussão: o primeiro mostra que o referido projeto produz efeitos na escola contemporânea alargando consideravelmente as suas funções; e o segundo evidencia as estratégias operadas pelo projeto no intuito de produzir um sujeito-empresa que desenvolva uma vontade de investir constantemente em si mesmo e em seu capital humano. Assim o projeto funciona como estratégia biopolítica que gerencia possíveis riscos sociais.
Reconstruction of the Stagirite argument against the fatalism of future events
Authors: Myronenko Ruslan
Published: April 2021

The question of free will and determinism is one of the most discussed in analytic philosophy. This is because interdisciplinary research has entered the field of studying the brain and consciousness – and often, consciousness is presented as an invention, an epiphenomenon. One of the attributes of consciousness is free will. The prehistory of modern research in the field of free will is the discussion about the need for future events, which was first analyzed by Stagirite in chapter 9, "On Interpretation". Despite all the analyticity and consistency of Aristotle's works, this work is full of gaps in argumentation and formulations ambiguity. In this regard, over two thousand years, philosophers have described many reconstructions in this chapter's argumentation and interpretations. Conventionally, the question of fatalism can be divided into two intersecting directions: logical fatalism and theological fatalism. This article examines the first direction and will relate to the understanding of fatalism and arguments against it in the context of the development of logic and theory of argumentation in the 20th century. The first logician who radically revised the foundations of logic to build an argument against future events' fatalism was Jan Lukasiewicz. We can say that all his life Lukasiewicz fought against determinism and tried to find a logical basis for human freedom of will. However, the main discussion on this issue took place in the middle of the 20th century between the logicians whose work will be considered in this article: Linsky Leonard, Butler Ronald, Storrs McCall, and others. The discussion was conducted around understanding such philosophical concepts and their ontological status: time, truth, a necessity. Also, in the wake of Lukasiewicz, they clarified such logical concepts as bivalence and the law of the excluded third. Of particular interest was the emergence of logical modalities, true/false, which can change their meaning over time, which led to the emergence of new informal logic.
Місце і смисл комунікації у філософії Іншого
Authors: Zhovtonoh Iryna
Published: April 2021

У статті досліджено джерела концепції комунікації, що сформувалась у філософії «Іншого». Виявлено особливості побудови дискурсу з «Іншим» на основі філософії діалогу. Взаємодія з «Іншим» тут здійснюється через артикуляцію «Іншого», звернення і відповідь на звернення «Іншого», інтенційність, рефлексивність, взаємну направленість. Визначено специфіку орієнтації на особистісну, індивідуальну основу спілкування, що здійснюється у персоналістській філософії. Концепти відкритості, чутливості, небайдужості, відповідальності є визначальними для побудови комунікації у персоналістській філософії. Визначено критерії інтерпретації чуттєвих даних «Іншого» на підставі образу, поведінки, накопиченого життєвого досвіду, які розроблюються у соціологічній феноменології. Формування соціальних зв’язків відбувається на основі сприйняття мотивів, поведінки і реакцій «Іншого» у повсякденності. Механізми соціального пізнання, успішної взаємодії з «Іншими» та самопізнання розкриваються у сучасних теоріях комунікації. Вони поглиблюють розуміння соціального пізнання через ставлення до «Іншого» у різних процесах, від емпатії до членства у групі. Комунікативний простір досліджено як сферу діяльності, що поєднує у собі взаємозв'язки внутрішніх мотивів і особистісних установок індивіда із загальними цінностями, ідеалами й нормами інших людей. Перспектива дослідження обраної проблеми охоплює сучасні розробки концепції «Іншого», які поглиблюють розуміння того, що такі механізми соціального пізнання, як емпатія чи членство у групі, розкривають значення успішної взаємодії з іншими у соціальному світі.
Символ, гра і свято як модальності естетичного в контексті герменевтичного досвіду
Authors: Gnatyuk Eduard
Published: April 2021

У статті обґрунтовується теза про те, що герменевтичний досвід Г.-Г. Гадамера є тотожним досвіду мистецтва, яке постає автономним джерелом «досвіду істини». Автор відзначає, що пошук критеріїв художньої достовірності вимагає звернення до традиції формування фундаментальних естетичних категорій, серед яких, насамперед, символ, гра і свято. Символи як специфічні культурні коди, напрацьовані мистецтвом, апелюють до переломних моментів людської буттєвості, трансформуючи її духовну сутність. Доводиться, що перенесення уваги на «гру» демонструє реалізацію принципу засадничого взаємозв’язку між філософією та сферою практики, завдяки чому твір мистецтва постає як актуальна присутність, сутність якої полягає у «постійному прирощуванні буття». Атмосферу співучасті з мистецтвом у Г.-Г. Гадамера передає свято. Таким чином, експлікація герменевтичного досвіду з допомогою понять символ, гра та свято в естетичній концепції Г.-Г. Гадамера дає можливість актуалізувати смислові шари, які містять у собі основні складові горизонту, що окреслює життєвий світ людини та розкриває досвід буття у світі.