bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Transport Properties of K-Based Alkali Liquid Binary Alloys
Authors: Vora Aditya M.
Published: December 2022

The electrical transport properties viz. the electrical resistivity (ρ), the thermoelectric power (TEP) and thermal conductivity (σ) of three K-based alkali liquid binary alloys viz. K1-XNaX, K1-XRbX and K1-XCsX were calculated from the pseudopotential form factors and Percus-Yevic (PY) hard sphere structure factors of Ashcroft and Langreth. The well recognized empty core model (EMC) pseudopotential of Ashcroft is used for the first time with seven local field correction functions due to Hartree (H), Hubbard-Sham (HS), Vashishta-Singwi (VS), Taylor (T), Ichimaru-Utsumi (IU), Farid et al. (F) and Sarkar et al. (S) in the present computation and found suitable for such study. It is conclude that, the comparison of present and experimental findings is highly encouraging.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of some New Dihydropyrano[c] Chromenes
Authors: Bhalu Ankita A. , Moteriya Pooja , Chanda Sumitra , Baluja Shipra
Published: December 2022

Some new dihydropyrano[c]chromenes derivatives are synthesized from 4-hydroxycoumarin. The structure of newly synthesized compounds was confirmed by mass, 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Further, antimicrobial screening of these synthesized compounds was done against some bacterial (Gram positive as well as Gram negative) and fungal strains in N,N-dimethylformamide. It is observed that some of synthesized compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacterial strains. The selected fungal strains were most resistant for the studied compounds as none of the synthesized compounds showed activity against any of the fungal strain studied. The best antibacterial activity was shown by ABR-10.
Evidence for a Causal Relationship between Mach’s Principle and the Quantitative Latency for Universal Entanglement
Authors: Persinger Michael A. , Koren Stanley A.
Published: December 2022

Support for Mach’s principle of the Prominence or the Immanence of the Universe which states that the behavior of any part of the Cosmos is determined by all of its parts requires quantitative convergence from the appropriate combination of universal parameters. Applications of recent calculations based upon a diffusivity with a real value (~1023 m·s-1) revealed solutions that are consistent with the concept of dragging inertial frames and geodetic (Lense-Thirring) precession. The latency for non-local entanglement around the earth is similar to frame dragging as measured by Ciufolini. The independent solution for this real value to capture Mach’s “whole universe” requires the contribution from quantum-level Zero Point Fluctuations. Consideration of this value for solar-terrestrial distances could explain the non-local “gravitational” effects upon biological reactions that appear to precede electromagnetic effects. The verification of the “entanglement latency” by independent methods could produce the validation for Mach’s principle.
Effects of Tyre Pressure on Vehicle Suspension Performance
Authors: Hamed M. , Tesfa B. , Gu F. , Ball A.D.
Published: December 2022

Incorrect inflation pressures in tyres affects the vehicle handling, passenger comfort and braking conditions in addition to causing a reduction in fuel efficiency and tyre life. To address this problem, mathematical models have been produced and an experimental validation has been carried out. The models were developed with 7-DOF, for a full car system, using MATLAB programs. In the simulation study, the suspension faults have been considered by running the models with a range of inflation pressures at four conditions i.e. at standard pressure (2.3bar) and 1.5bar on the passenger wheel, driver wheel and front wheels. In each case, an analysis was carried out on the performances of the suspension in terms of ride comfort, road handling and stability of the vehicle followed by the presentation of the results obtained. In addition, the influence of parameter variations on transfer functions as a fault detection of suspension has been introduced. This approach has been used when detecting faults of vehicle tyres being under-inflated 35% and also to detect other suspension faults in the future.
Numerical Investigation of FRP-Strengthened CHS Columns
Authors: Tsalkatidis Themistoklis
Published: December 2022

The use of external CFRP jacket is examined as a retrofitting technique that improves the ductility and the load carrying capacity of the steel tube. The study focuses on the interaction between the steel and the jacket, which is treated as a contact problem. The contact conditions in the steel-CFRP interface are represented by interface laws. Finite element modeling is used to simulate the physical problem and the results of the numerical analysis are presented and discussed. CFRP-jacket is proved to be an effective strengthening method for hollow steel columns.
An Original Theory Regarding the Correlations between the Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves of Athermic Intensities and their Cellular Effects
Authors: Anton Emil , Rotaru Anatol , Covatariu Daniel , Ciobica Alin , Timofte Daniel , Anton Carmen
Published: December 2022

Lately it has been demonstrated that extremely low intensity millimeter therapy could represent an important new technological method, universal and effective in the treatment of diseases with various etiologies. In this way, millimeter waves have crystallized into a new branch of modern biophysics and cellular studies and are used extensively in medicine and biotechnology. Thus, in the present report, we will try to describe a new original theory regarding the interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological environment. This could be quite important since so far there has not been developed a general theory on the relations between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment, at various levels of organization: submolecular, molecular, cellular, the organ level or the entire organism. In this way, the present paper was designed to contribute to the development and understanding of millimeter wave’s interaction with the biological entities and to propose a new alternative biophysical and cellular mechanism to explain the biological effects inherent to the electromagnetic millimeter field.
Critics of Existent Theory of Mathematical Pendulum, Part 1
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

In the framework of this paper a deep critics of existent theory of the simple mathematical pendulum is presented. This work consists of two parts. In the first part of the paper, a thesis is stated to derive a mystification character of the theory. The up-to-date, excerpted from the literature, descriptions of the oscillation motion of the mathematical pendulum, are delivered. This part of the paper is to show that the existent theory describes simply a shadow of the rotating apparent mathematical pendulum. The necessity to re-build the existent theory has been indicated.
Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Nitro Aniline Ion-Exchange Resin
Authors: Zala Shailesh N. , Gondaliya Mitesh B. , Mahetar Javed G.
Published: December 2022

A series of resins was synthesized and analyzed for selective ion-exchange nature for some metals. Substituted aniline was reacted with formaldehyde, melamine. For the synthesis of ion-exchange resins, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst. These resins were characterized by elemental analysis and studied antimicrobial activities. Synthesized Resin shows ion exchange capability and moderate activity against microbial. Ion exchange resin also showed reusability and stability at an elevated temperature.
Performance of Silt Protector in Three Dimensional Flows
Authors: Dubey Rajesh P. , Das Bitanjaya , Mohanty Parasar K.
Published: December 2022

Performance of silt-curtain in three dimensional sea is investigated through a series of experiments. It is found that there are three mechanisms to reduce concentration and flux of turbidity generated by the construction work from flowing out of the construction site enclosed with silt curtains. The first is the temporal storage of turbidity and retardation of the flow of turbidity around the curtain. The second is the acceleration of dispassion of turbidity caused by the turbulence generated around the curtain that decreases the peak value of concentration of turbidity. The last one is the reduction of flow velocity in the enclosed area. As a result, the diffusion time increases and the amount of turbidity settled down in the enclosed region increases. Taking these mechanisms into account a simple procedure to predict reduction of flow velocity and the flux of turbidity is proposed. The applicability of the proposed procedure is examined using experimental results.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of some Novel (E)-(4-(2-(Benzo[d]Thiazol-2-yl)Hydrazono)Methyl-2,6-Diphenylpiperidin-1-yl)(Phenyl)Methanone Derivatives
Authors: Rajaraman D. , Sundararajan G. , Krishnasamy K.
Published: December 2022

A series of biologically active some novel (E)-(4-(2-(benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl) hydrazono)-3-methyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-1-yl)(phenyl) methanone derivatives (14-19) were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HSQC spectral analysis. Molecular docking studies were also carried out for compounds 14-19 using the crystal structure of Ribonucleotide Reductase to disclose the binding mode and orientation of target molecule into the active site of respective receptors. The synthesized compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against selected panel strains Antimicrobial studies revealed that the synthesized compound 14 exhibited noticeable activity against B.cerus whereas compounds17 and 18 displayed appreciable activity against K.pneumoniae. Bromo substituted phenyl group at C-2 and C-6 of piperidine ring showed excellent antibacterial activity against K.pneumoniae and B.cerus at MIC of 25μg/ml. The antifungal studies revealed that compounds 17, 18 and 19 exposed significant antifungal activity against the pathogenic strains used in this study. In particular compound 19 are showed excellent antifungal activity against C.albicans and A.niger.
Kinetic Study of Structural Hardening Mechanisms of PbCdBiSn and PbCdBiMg Alloys for the New Generation of Battery Grids
Authors: Saissi Soukaina , Saad Elmadani
Published: December 2022

The study of the return to equilibrium state of PbCdBiSn and PbCdBiMg alloys has been studied. Indeed, two structural states were considered: raw casting alloy and rehomogenized alloy. The experimental temperatures are 20°C and 80°C. The latter temperature was selected because it corresponds to the temperature of ripening of battery grids and extreme temperature for operating a battery. We studied the kinetics of Pb2%Cd1%Bi0,5%Sn and Pb2%Cd1%Bi2%Mg. The activation energy of the alloy without tin remains less than the one with tin and approximate to that with Magnesium.
Solvent Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium (VI) Using 2,2′-[1,2-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidene)]bisphenol (BSOPD) as an Analytical Reagent
Authors: Satya Sebastian , Singare Pravin U. , Lokhande R.S.
Published: December 2022

2,2'-[1,2-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidene)]bisphenol (BSOPD) is synthesized in the laboratoryand characterized by NMR, IR and elemental analysis for its purity. This reagent forms a yellowcomplex with U(VI) which can be quantitatively extracted into chloroform at pH 10. This complex inchloroform shows an intense absorption peak at 413.0 nm. It is observed that Beer’s law is obeyed inthe range of 2.0-10.0 ppm of metal solution. It gives a linear and reproducible graph under appropriateconditions, the complex having a molar absorptivity of 3.69 x 104 L mol-1·cm-1. Sandell’s sensitivitycalculated was found to be 4.4 x 10-3μg·cm-2. Nature of the extracted complex, determined by Job’scontinuous variation method, Slope ratio method and Mole ratio method shows that the compositionof U(VI) : BSOPD complex is 1:4. Interference by various ions is studied and masking agents usedwhere required. The proposed method has been applied for the determination of U(VI) in monazite sand and synthetic samples. The results of the analysis are found to be comparable with those obtained by standard method.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel N-(Benzo[d]Thiazol-2-yl)-2-(2-(6-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)Hydrazinyl)Acetamide Derivatives Containing Quinoline Linkage as Potent Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Bhoi Manoj N. , Borad Mayuri A. , Parmar Hitesh B. , Patel Hitesh D.
Published: December 2022

As part of ongoing studies in developing new antibacterial agent, a novel series of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(2-(6-chloroquinolin-4-yl)hydrazinyl)acetamide derivatives was synthesized by sequencing reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole with chloroacetylchloride, hydrazine hydrate and 4,7-dichloroquinoline. The novel heterocycles were characterized by elemental analyses and various spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were tested in-vitro antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria with standard drugs. Microbiological results showed that the synthesized compounds possessed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Amine Substituted s-Triazine Based Thiazolidinone/Chalcone Hybrids
Authors: Shah Dhruvin R. , Lakum Harshad P. , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: December 2022

In an attempt to control multidrug resistant dilemma, a library of s-triazine based on two novel series of thiazolidinone (4a-e) and chalcone (7a-e) derivatives were designed and synthesized with simple and efficient etiquette. The newly synthesized compounds were studied for efficacy against several bacteria (Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Cereus, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Klebsiella Pneumoniae,) and fungi (Candida Albicans, Aspergillus Clavatus) using the broth dilution technique. Compound 7d was the best bioactive desired antibacterial analogue with less MIC value against different tested strains. Results of bioassay study revealed the future hope of the potent drug-candidate based on s-triazine scaffold. All the final synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis.
Static Quenching of Ruthenium(II)-Polypyridyl Complexes by Gallic Acid and Quercetin in Aqueous and Micellar Media
Authors: Sheeba Daniel , Raj G. Allen Gnana
Published: December 2022

The reactions of gallic acid and quercetin with the excited state Ru(II) complexes proceed through photoinduced electron transfer reaction in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and aqueous media at pH 11 and has been studied by luminescence quenching technique. The static nature of quenching is confirmed from the ground state absorption studies in both the media. The observed quenching rate constant (kq) values are sensitive to the nature of the ligand, medium and the structure of the quenchers. The electrostatic interaction of the cationic complexes with the anionic micelle reduces the kq values in SDS compared to that in aqueous medium.
Simulation of Hardening Processes, in Silicate Systems
Authors: Kudryavtsev P.G. , Figovsky O.L.
Published: December 2022

In this paper we consider the Quasi-homogeneous Approximation to Describe the Properties of Disperse Systems. We have used the statistical polymer method is based on the consideration of averaged structures of all possible macromolecules of the same weight. One has derived equations allowing evaluation of all additive parameters of macromolecules and their systems. The statistical polymer method allows modeling of branched crosslinked macromolecules and their systems in equilibrium or non-equilibrium. The fractal consideration of statistical polymer allows modeling of all kinds of random fractal and other objects studied by fractal theory. The statistical polymer method is applicable not only to polymers but also to composites, gels, associates in polar liquids and other aggregates. In this paper Description of the state of colloidal solutions of silicon oxide from the viewpoint of statistical physics is based on the idea lies in the fact that a colloidal solution of silica - silica sol consists of a very large number of interacting with each other particles that are in continuous motion. It is devoted to the study of an idealized system of colliding, but non-interacting particles of sol. Analysis was conducted of the behavior of silica sol, in terms of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and was calculated the mean free path of the colloidal particles. Based on these data, it was calculated the number of particles capable to overcome the potential barrier in a collision. To modeling of the sol-gel transition kinetics had considered various approaches.
The Asteroid Belt as the Consequence of Resonance Density Convergence from Solar Velocity around the Galaxy and Universal Dynamic Pressure
Authors: Persinger Michael A. , Vares David A.E.
Published: December 2022

The velocity of the solar system around the galaxy as it moves through universal dynamic pressure of about 0.15 nPa results in a critical mass density of 1.5 protons per cc. Interplanetary measurements indicate this density occurs within the space occupied by asteroids. Quantitative evidence is offered that the matter in asteroid space failed to accrete into a planet because of the disruptive resonance between universal dynamic pressure and the velocity of the system. The model may accommodate the chemical characteristics of the different regions of the asteroid belt and the marked difference in planetary characteristics above (the inner planets) and below (the “gas giants”) the critical density. The energy accumulated within the functional toroidal space between Mars and Jupiter since the formation of the solar system is equivalent to the total mass of asteroids. If energy is still emerging within this region then the probability of non-traditional disruption of orbits for certain masses of asteroids may have significant impact. Specific frequencies that should show enhanced power based upon these calculations are derived.
Preparation of a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Ito Tomonori , Jo Tomoaki , Dong Jiuchao , Hayashi Hitoshi , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

A ferroelectric liquid crystal was synthesised. We attempted electrochemical polymerisation in ferroelectric liquid crystal.
Chemical Polymerisation of Aniline in the Presence of Sericin
Authors: Kaitsuka Yuki , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

A series of polyaniline/sericin composites were prepared by oxidative polymerisation of aniline in the presence of sericin. The preparation of polyaniline composites containing sericin were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. From the result of electron spin resonance spectroscopy, the electron spin concentration of the composites decreases with sericin/aniline ratio in the polymerisation. Circular dichroism absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed that sericin influences aggregation state of polyaniline. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that the polyaniline composites show granular morphology. The composites display macroporous structure after carbonization.
Structural and Optical Properties of Undoped and Er3+-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Ethanol
Authors: Habubi Nadir Fadhil , Ismail Raid A. , Hadi Esraa H.
Published: December 2022

In this paper ,we report on the fabrication and properties of undoped and 8.4% Er3+-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation in ethanol at laser fluence values2.92 J/cm2. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by structural properties using X-ray diffractrometer , scanning electron microscope and the optical properties are carried out through UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The X-ray diffractrometer pattern indicates that these nanoparticle were polycrystalline in nature with a hexagonal (wurtzite) phase. SEM reveals that The synthesized ZnO and Er-ZnO NPs have a spherical shape. Moreover, the optical band gaps calculated through UV spectroscopy are found to be decreased with doping from 3.3 to 3.2 eV.
Support for Eddington’s Number and his Approach to Astronomy: Recent Developments in the Physics and Chemistry of the Human Brain
Authors: Persinger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

The astronomical contributions of Sir Arthur Eddington have sometimes been distracted by his philosophy and his derivation of ~1079 for the total number of elementary particles in the universe. However, assumptions employed to obtain the universal mass in a volume of ~1079 m3 produce values remarkably commensurate with ~1079 protons. The congruence between the calculated gravitational forces for rest mass photons separated by Planck’s length and potassium ions separated by the distance that maintains a neuron’s resting plasma membrane potential is also consistent with his assumption that universal structure is mirrored within consciousness and its extensions through sensitive instrumentation. Recent measurements of photon emissions during changes in membrane potentials and human beings engaging in visual imagery as well as the concept of entanglement suggest that careful reevaluation of Eddington’s approach in cosmology, astronomy, and astrophysics may be revealing.
Operationally Complete Work Done Suggests Presence of Extra Potentials Corresponding to Repulsive Forces
Authors: Czajko Jakub
Published: December 2022

Operationally complete representation of work done and the corresponding to it potential energy within the usual radial/center-bound, nonrotating gravitational force fields comprises two extra terms: linear nonradial and angular nonradial, in addition to the usual radial term. Since these nonradial terms have negative signs, they suggest presence of potentials corresponding to repulsive forces generated by the very same, usual radial attractive force field. The extra linear nonradial term depends on exposure of an orbiting satellite to the distribution of mass within the field, whereas the extra angular nonradial term also depends on that as well as on exposure of the satellite to density of matter of the mass source that generates the usual, locally dominant radial/center-bound attractive gravitational force field.
Recent Modeling of MDMO-PPV: PCBM Solar Cells versus Mixture Ratio, Electric Field and Incidence Angle with Hopping Model
Authors: Boudia M.R. Merad , Cheknane A. , Benyoucef B. , Ferouani A.M. , Hilal H.S.
Published: December 2022

It is a matter of controversy why excitons can efficiently dissociate into free carriers at an intrinsic polymer/fullerene interface. While extensive characterization is performed in the course of many reported experimental studies, correlation of performance and physical parameters among studies done in different laboratories is low, pointing out the need to address some aspects of BHJSC active materials that have received relatively some attention. In this paper, we discuss the modeling of MDMO-PPV/PCBM(Poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene)/ soluble C60 derivative, methanofullerene, [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester organic devices. In our approach, we apply two recent methods so called transfer matrix method and hopping model to calculate the exciton dissociation probability, and photocurrent density versus mixture ratio, electric field and angle of incidence. The results show that EDP (exciton dissociation probability) in solar cells without PEDOT-PSS (Poly (ethylendioxythiophene)-Poly(styrene sulfonic acid)) HTL hole transporting layer is better than the cells with additional layer in enhancing the performance of MDMO-PPV/PCBM solar cells. When the weight ratio of MDMO-PPV is less than 3:5 and 2:5 respectively, the best exciton dissociation probability, and photocurrent density of solar cell is obtained.
Nonlinear Load and RLC Pulse Shaping Surge Generator Models in Simulation Environment
Authors: Edirisinghe Mahesh
Published: December 2022

The present study was performed in order to understand how a nonlinear load affects the characteristics of the RLC pulse shaping surge generator waveforms under simulation studies. The obtained results were compared when analytical equations were used as source models for both 1.2/50 µs voltage & 8/20 µs current impulses. Three circuit models; Capacitor Bank generator, Combination waveform generator and Schaffner generator were evaluated under nonlinear loads varied from 10Ω to 106 Ω for voltage impulses and for current impulses it was from 10-4 Ω to 1 Ω. As it can perceive from the analysis, delay time, rise time and FWHM remain unchanged throughout the tested impedance range when used model equations as generator sources. It was found that for voltage impulses, these values were 4.95 μs, 1.20 μs and 81.8 μs respectively. For current impulses, these values were 16.2 μs, 8.02 μs and 20.7 μs respectively. However results obtained for generator circuit models shows that delay time, rise time and FWHM deviated from above values up to maximum of 35.15 %, 106.67 % & 115.16 % respectively for voltage impulses. For current impulses these deviations were up to maximum of 79.63 %, 48.75 % & 39.61 % respectively. The deviations were due to influence caused by the nonlinear load to the generator circuit parameters and effective internal impedance.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluation of Quinoline Analogue Azetidin and Thiazolidin Derivatives
Authors: Prajapati Shraddha M. , Vekariya Rajesh H. , Patel Kinjal D. , Panchal Shyamali N. , Patel Hitesh D. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Rajani Smita
Published: December 2022

A library of quinoline analog two novel series of azetidin (SH1-5) and thiazolidin (SHa-e) derivatives were designed and synthesized with simple and eco-friendly methodologies. The structures of the compounds were elucidated with the aid of elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectral data. These novel synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenus) and two gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli). The title compounds were also studied for their antifungal activity with Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus using the broth dilution technique. Most of the compounds were the best bio-active desired antibacterial analog with less MIC value against different tested strains.
Sensing Properties of WO3 as Thin Film Prepared by PVD towards Methanol Vapor
Authors: Hbous Mayada
Published: December 2022

Three thin films were prepared by PVD starting from WO3 powder with thicknesses (998.7, 1620, 2240 nm) respectively on glass substrates under limited thermal and pressure conditions, studied their I-V characteristics and calculated the sensitivity for 100 ppm of METHANOL vapor adsorption (The temperature of the films have been changed from 25°C to 350°C). A comparison among them was achieved at 300 °C as an operating degree and found that the 1620 nm WO3 has more sensitivity and has more power to adsorb for methanol vapor on it.
Molecular Interactions in Binary Organic Liquid Mixtures Containing Ethyl Oleate and Ethanol at 2MHz Frequency
Authors: Manukonda Srilatha , Kumar G. Pavan , Babu Ch. Praveen
Published: December 2022

Molecular interactions of binary mixtures of Ethanol with a new organic compound Ethyl Oleate are investigated at a constant ultrasonic frequency of 2MHz under the temperature range of 303.15K-318.15K. The effect of mole fraction of Ethyl Oleate on velocity of sound wave and the density and viscosity of binary mixtures at various temperatures were studied. The effects on density (ρ), viscosity (η), adiabatic compressibility (βad), inter molecular free length (Lf) and internal pressure (Пi) also was studied.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Lightning Flash Distribution over Sri Lanka
Authors: Maduranga U.G.Dilaj , Edirisinghe Mahesh , Gamage L. Vimukthi
Published: December 2022

The variation of the lightning activities over Sri Lanka and surrounded costal belt (5.750N-10.000N and 79.50E-89.000E) is studied using lightning flash data of Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) which was launched in November 1997 for NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The LIS data for the period of 1998 to 2014 are considered for this study. The spatial and temporal variation of lightning activities is investigated and respective results are presented. The diurnal variation over the studied area presents that maximum and minimum flash count recorded at 1530-1630 Local Time (10-11UTC) and 0530-0630LT (00-01UTC) respectively. Maximum lightning activities over the observed area have occurred after the 1330LT (08UTC) in every year during the considered time period. The seasonal variation of the lightning activities shows that the maximum lightning activities happened in First inter monsoon season (March to April) with 30.90% total lightning flashes and minimum lightning activities recorded in Northeast monsoon season (December to February) with 8.51% of total lightning flashes. Maximum flash density of 14.37fl km-2year-1 was observed at 6.980N/80.160E in First inter monsoon season. These seasonal lighting activities are agree with seasonal convective activities and temperature variation base on propagation of Intra-Tropical Convection Zone over the studied particular area. Mean monthly flash count presents a maximum in the month of April with 29.12% of lightning flashes. Variation pattern of number of lightning activities in month of April shows a tiny increment during the time period of 1998 to 2014. Maximum annual flash density of 28.09fl km-2yr-1 was observed at 6.980N/80.170E. The latitudinal variation of the lightning flash density is depicted that extreme lightning activities have happened at the southern part of the county and results show that there is a noticeable lack of lightning activities over the surrounded costal belt relatively landmass.
Synthesis and Characterization and Properties Comparison of Epoxy Filled Pennisetum typhoides (Jowar) Filler and Treated Sacharun offinarum (Sugar Cane) Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Basha U. Mahaboob , Krishnudu D. Mohana , Hussain P. , Reddy K. Manohar , Karthikeyan N. , Kumar M. Ashok
Published: December 2022

In the current work epoxy resin is chosen as matrix, treated Sacharum offinarum (SugarCane) fiber, Pennisetum typhoides (Jowar) filler is chosen as reinforcement. Room temperature cured Epoxy System filled with Sacharum offinarum fiber and Pennisetum typhoides (Jowar) filler is synthesised by mechanical shear mixer, then kept in a Ultra sonic Solicitor for better dispersion of Pennisetum typhoides (Jowar) filler in the matrix. Different weights of modified Pennisetum typhoides (Jowar) filler (1,2,3,4,5 gm wt) has been incorporated into the Epoxy matrix in order to study the variation of Mechanical and Thermal properties.
Calculating Franck Condon Factor and Potential Curves for X2Σ+-A2Π System of BeBr Molecule
Authors: Ayaash Adil Nameh
Published: December 2022

The present work concerns by study of spectroscopic properties for Beryllium monobromide BeBr. Franck Condon Factor of BeBr molecule had been calculated theoretically for ground state X2Σ+ and excited state A2Π by special integrals by depending on spectroscopic constants for this molecule. The Dissociation energy and potential curves of this molecule is studied in this work by using Hua potential function, the results of potential curves and Franck Condon Factors converge with other researchers results.
Synthesis and Characterization of Aroylhydrazino Derivatives of Pharmacologically Activepyrimidine-5-Carbonitrile
Authors: Pragna Thanki , Dhaval Hingrajia , Jayesh Modha
Published: December 2022

The target compound N'-(5-Cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,6-dihydro-1-methyl-6-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)-4-methylbenzohydrazide have been synthesized by the condensation of 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-1,6-dihydro-1-methyl-6-oxopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile with different aroylchlorides. The obtained products were characterized by 1H NMR, Mass and IR Spectra.
The Effect of Adding Waste of Cement "Fly Ash" in some of the Mechanical Properties of NBR Composites
Authors: Al-Jebory Saad A. , Al-Maamori M.H.
Published: December 2022

Composite materials consist of merging two materials or more are different in mechanical and physical properties,The aim of research is to study the effect of changing in the rainforcment percentage by fly ash in mechanical Properties ,for composite material consist of NBR rubber rainforced by carbon black (40pphr) and fly ash (0,15,18,20,23,26,30 pphr), which included tensile strength,modulus,elongation, hardness,tear,rasillince,after rainforced NBR rubber with different weight percentage from fly ash and study the effect on above Properties as illustrated in the diagrams
Simulation of Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers
Authors: Munaweera P.C.T. , Wijewardena Gamalath K A I L
Published: December 2022

A theoretical model was developed for light pulses propagating in optical fibers by considering the nonlinear effects, the self-phase modulation and group velocity dispersion effects. The split step Fourier method was used to generate soliton pulses in a fiber composed of a glass core surrounded by a cladding layer. Gaussian and hyperbolic secant input pulses were used for the simulation. By varying the initial chirp, input power and nonlinear coefficient for an input Gaussian pulse at wavelength of λ =1.55μm with initial pulse width 125ps for second order dispersion β2=−20 ps2 km-1 , nonlinear parameter γ=3W-1kg-1 and initial chirp C=−0.25 two near soliton pulses were generated for input powers P = 0.54mW and P = 0.64mW and a perfect soliton for the hyperbolic secant input pulse.
On the Groundless Use of Mathematics Concerning the d’Alembert’s Rule
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The paper discusses the groundless use of mathematics. This question has been explained mainly based on example of the so called d`Alembert’s rule which unfortunately still functions in science none the less it has been based on a fiction, contrary to the truth cognition as the fundamental purpose of science. That pejorative feature of the mentioned paradigm is marked very clearly in the paper to evaluate it negatively as the only one possible note. Next the adequate characteristics of variable body motion has been presented and the description of Atwood device given in view of explaining the essence of a real equilibrium of the system of material bodies where their real inertia is of importance. In conclusion the characteristics of real inertia force being the measure of this inertia is presented. The erroneous up-to-date view concerning the measure of body inertia, assuming mass as the measure of this magnitude enabling free manipulation of the acceleration value, has been revealed. At the end it is stressed that acceleration is always positive in its nature and is existent in each condition of the material reality.
New Copolymerizable Photoinitiators for Radiation Curing of Acrylic PSA
Authors: Czech Zbigniew , Sowa Dominika , Ragańska Paulina
Published: December 2022

This article presents a new class of copolymerizable photoinitiators containing vinyloxycarbonyl groups, known such as organic carbonate or carbamate. Novel copolymerizable photoinitiators have been prepared through the reaction between vinyl chloroformate and hydroxyl groups containing photoreactive derivatives such as benzophenone-, acetophenone-, benzoine-and anthrachinone-derivatives. The main emphasis is given to the influence of this new class of unsaturated photoinitiators on UV-crosslinking process of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). Moreover, the paper describes the influence of various parameters such as UV-initiated crosslinking time and concentration of unsaturated photoinitiators on relevant PSA properties like tack, peel adhesion and shear strength (cohesion).
Comparative Study of Adsorption Phenomena of Direct Dye Black E by Palm Nut Shell Carbon and Treated Flyash Residue with Respect to Activated Charcoal Carbon
Authors: Palanivel C. , Prabhakar L.D. , Emayavaramban M.
Published: December 2022

Many researchers aimed to study the removal of colouring matter from textile dyeing industrial effluent using the carbon derived from natural sources. Because adsorption of the dyes on carbon is easily, cost effective when comparing to the other techniques. Hence we aimed at the preparation and characterization of the carbon from the natural sources like palm nut shell and flyash. These carbons have been used for adsorption of direct dye Black E. The effect of pH, carbon dose and equilibration period were examined along within the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm studies. The application of these carbons was investigated on adsorption and colour removal from effluent and synthetic samples, which consists of commercial direct dye Black E.
Synthesis and Assessment of Substituent Effect on (E)-1-(4-Fluoro-3-Methylphenyl)-3-Phenylprop-2-en-1-One Compounds
Authors: Balaji S. , Rajarajan M. , Vijayakumar R. , Manikandan V. , Senbagam R. , Vanangamudi Ganesan , Thirunarayanan G.
Published: December 2022

In the present investigation, a series of substituted (E)-1-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds were synthesized by condensation reaction of 4-fluoro-3-methyl acetophenone with substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of alkali. The yields of synthesized compounds are more than 80%. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by their physical constants, UV, IR and NMR spectral data. All the observed spectral data of substituted (E)-1-(4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one compounds have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants and F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analyses. From the results of statistical analysis the effects of substituents have been discussed.
Spectroscopic Investigations of (E)-5-(2-Phenyldiazenyl)-2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Using DFT Method
Authors: Bharanidharan S. , Saleem H. , Nathiya A. , Arokiasamy A. , Thanikachalam V.
Published: December 2022

The Spectral Characterization of (E)-5-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-2-hydroxy benzaldehyde (PDHB) were carried out by using FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. All the recorded spectral results were compared with calculated results. The optimization has been performed on the title compound using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The optimized bond parameters of PDHB molecule was compared with X-ray diffraction data of related molecule. To study the intra-molecular charge transfers within the molecule the Lewis (bonding) and Non-Lewis (anti-bonding) structural calculation was performed. The Non-linear optical behavior of the title compound was measured using first order hyperpolarizability calculation. In addition of Mulliken atomic charges and thermodynamic properties were also calculated and analyzed.
Study the Expense of Long-Term and Relative to Alpha Particles and Protons among the Various Elements
Authors: Abdullah Iman Hmood , Kadhim Inaam H. , Mohammed Najlaa
Published: December 2022

In this research study theory to calculate the range of alpha particles and protons with atomic number (1,2) through the passage in the media watchdog of the elements (Lanthanum La and Samarium Sm and AlerdiomEr and Altantalm Ta and gold Au, Lead Pb and uranium U) with atomic numbers (57.62, 68,73,82,92) the results showed that the extent of alpha particles and protons in these circles depends on Quicken goals Atomic exponentially in addition, we find that the term proportional directly proportional to the charged particle energy as well as its dependence on the mass and charge density of the charged particle. The curves showed that the extent of alpha particles and protons increases with increasing energy, although theoretical calculations of the extent of all the shells passers in goals Atomic Energy held in extent (0.3-100MeV) for protons, while Alpha is the extent (1.6-100MeV). As for the term relative lost by each of the alpha particles and protons in goals (IAEA) (La, Sm, Er, Ta, Au, Pb, U). And compared the results obtained to the extent with the results of the program SRIM2003 Tests showed good agreement with the use of the equation, especially due to the difficulty in obtaining results of the process over. A computer program has been adopted in the Matlab programming language equations for calculating the range to get the desired results and that is described as graphs.
Ca-Modiﬁed Co/SBA-15 Catalysts for Hydrogen Production through Ethanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Wang Chen-Bin , Liu Siao Wun , Ho Kuan Fu , Huang Hsin Hua , Tang Chih Wei , Wang Chen Bin
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen production through steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over the Ca-modified Co/SBA-15 catalysts was studied herein to evaluate the catalytic activity, stability and the behavior of coke deposition. The Ca-modified SBA-15 supports were prepared from the Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (10 wt%) which was incorporated to SBA-15 by incipient wetness impregnation (assigned as Ca/SBA-15) and direct hydrothermal (assigned as Ca-SBA-15) method. The active cobalt species from the Co(NO3)2·6H2O (10 wt%) was loaded to SiO2, SBA-15 and modified-SBA-15 supports with incipient wetness impregnation method to obtain the cobalt catalysts (named as Co/SiO2, Co/SBA-15, Co-Ca/SBA-15 and Co/Ca-SBA-15, respectively). The prepared catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET. The catalytic performance of the SRE reaction was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that the Co/Ca-SBA-15 catalyst was preferential among these catalysts and the ethanol can be converted completely at 375 °C. The hydrogen yield (YH2) approached 4.76 at 500 °C and less coke deposited. Further, the long-term stability test of this catalyst approached 100 h at 500 °C and did not deactivate.
Phytoremediation Potential of Copper Contaminated Soils in Calendula officinalis and Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Growth and Copper Toxicity
Authors: Afrousheh Maryam , Shoor Mahmud , Tehranifar Ali , Safari Vahid Reza
Published: December 2022

The present research was carried out to assess the effectiveness Calendula officinalis on removing the Cu from the contaminated soil and to examine the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on growth and some eco-physiological, biochemical characteristics in plants exposed to copper stress. This experiment was arranged as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse conditions. The experimental treatment consisted of four levels of Cu (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg in potted soil) and three levels of salicylic acid (0, 1, 2mM) as foliar spray and chelate into soil. Results showed that with increasing levels of copper, reductions in shoot and root growth, leaf area and leaves number were statistically significant at 1 percent level. Although the copper concentration in shoots of Calendula officinalis could not exceed 1,000 mg/kg dry weight, the results showed that copper accumulation was higher in the shoots than in the roots. The results of the concentration of copper showed that translocation (TF) and bio-concentration factor (BCF) was greater than 1. Thus, Calendula officinalis could be classified as a copper tolerant species. Application of SA was found to alleviate negative effects generated by heavy metals like copper in plants. SA significantly increased growth and resistance index in copper stressed plants. SA as chelate in concentration of 2mM had the greatest effect on studied parameters. Results showed that salicylic acid can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation successfully.
Rubber Processing Effluent Treatment with Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer in Comparison with a Synthetic Coagulant
Authors: Ize-Iyamua Christie O. , Ifijen Hilary I. , Ize-Iyamu Osaro K. , Ukpebor Justina E. , Ukpebor Emmanuel E.
Published: December 2022

Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer extracted from prawn heads was used in the treatment of crump rubber processing effluent for safe disposal into the environment. The triplicate analyses of the effluent samples obtained by composite sampling method indicated high levels of pollution which violated the permissible limits of environmental discharge standards; with a low DO of 0.63mg/L, BOD, 312.00±1.32mg/L and COD, 1069.58±2.42mg/L (mean±SD) respectively. Chitosan was analyzed according to standard procedures; it showed good coagulative potentials from the elemental analysis and a degree of deacetylation of 76.5%. The crump rubber processing effluent was treated with chitosan and Iron (III) Chloride respectively by coagulation and flocculation method and the results obtained via the physico-chemical characterization of the treated effluent showed that the use of chitosan as a coagulant compared favourably with Iron (III) Chloride after treatment. DO levels increased from 0.63mg/L to 3.90 mg/L. There were also remarkable reduction in the Turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels of the treated samples by over 80% respectively and 70% reduction in the nutrient levels. The efficacy of chitosan in comparison with Iron (III) Chloride suggests that it can be used as a replacement for synthetic coagulants based on its availability and environmental friendliness.
Radio Analytical Nondestructive Technique in Performance Evaluation of Organic Base Ion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378
Authors: Singare P.U.
Published: December 2022

Nondestructive radioanalytical technique using short lived isotopes 131I and 82Br was used as tracers to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The kinetic data so obtained was used to evaluate the performance of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 40.0 °C using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.332, 0.582, 0.193 and 16.2 respectively for Purolite NRW-6000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.210, 0.421, 0.088 and 14.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-378 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 74.68% to 79.48% using Purolite NRW-6000 resins and from 52.30% to 58.90% using Duolite A-378 resins. The overall results indicate superior performance of Purolite NRW-6000 resins over Duolite A-378 resins under identical operational parameters. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Chalcones Possessing Ring Activating Groups as Potent of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Khanusiya Mahammadali M. , Gadhawala Zakirhusen M.
Published: December 2022

Some novel anticancer agents based on chalcone scaffold were synthesized with potential therapeutic application for many types of cancer. Hydroxy and methoxy substitution on aryl ring of chalcone, depending upon positions in aryl ring influence anticancer and other activities. These chalcone molecules were evaluated for their invitro cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines including human chronic myelogenus-leukemia K-562, human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, human prostate carcinoma DU-145, human lung adenocarcinoma A-549 and normal VERO cell line. Most of the compounds being active cytotoxic agents and were shown to be non-toxic to normal cells. The synthesized compounds were characterized by means of their FT-IR, MASS and 1HNMR spectral study.