bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ARQUITETURA HIPERTEXTUAL EM 253 E THE 21 STEPS
Authors: Silveira Alice Garcia , Pereira Vinicius Carvalho
Published: November 2018

As novas tecnologias constantemente trazem mudanças para a sociedade contemporânea. Da internet, por exemplo, desenvolveu-se a Ciberliteratura, incluindo o que se convencionou chamar de literatura hipertextual. Este artigo visa analisar duas obras desse gênero – 253 e The 21 steps –, a fim de traçar semelhanças e diferenças na arquitetura textual, levando em conta o estágio de desenvolvimento da Web à época em que foram criadas (1.0 e 2.0, respectivamente) e os recursos de hipermídia disponíveis. Pôde-se concluir que as diferenças entre o texto virtual e o impresso não são apenas uma questão de suporte; os recursos digitais podem trazer diferenças significativas quanto à arquitetura narrativa.
ASPECTOS DA HISTÓRIA E DA SOCIEDADE GALEGA EM XOSÉ LOIS GARCÍA
Authors: Fontoura Sirlei Da Silva , De Almeida Mello Cláudio José
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre literatura, história e sociedade na poética do escritor galego Xosé Lois García. Suas experiências pessoais e sua criatividade poética permite-nos identificar valiosos aspectos da história e da sociedade galega, bem como ressignificar as lutas travadas durante os anos de Guerra Civil Espanhola e de ditadura franquista. Nesse sentido, literatura e história dialogam, revelando e denunciando múltiplos e silenciados problemas enfrentados pelos galegos. Nessa perspectiva, García reconstitui experiências vividas com percepção crítica. Trata-se de um trabalho de revisão bibliográfica e abordagem crítico-analítica de cunho qualitativa, embasado em autores como Buades (2013), Benjamin (1986), Torres (2015), Paz (1982).
EXPLORANDO A POESIA E A POÉTICA NAVAJO
Authors: Bicalho Charles A. P.
Published: November 2018

Tradução da Introdução do livro Explorations in Navajo Poetry and Poetics, de Anthony K. Webster (Albuquerque: New Mexico University Press, 2009), páginas 1 a 15. Neste estudo Webster investiga os dispositivos encontrados nas tradições poéticas escritas e orais dos Navajo. E explora aspectos da linguagem, como a mistura de códigos, trocadilhos e ideofonia, muitas vezes considerados marginais na literatura linguística, revelando como eles são centrais para o estudo da etnopoética e para uma abordagem da linguagem e da cultura centrada no discurso.
REPENSANDO O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA NO BRASIL: POR UMA PERSPECTIVA TRANSLÍNGUE | RETHINKING ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN BRAZIL: TOWARDS A TRANSLINGUAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Oliveira do Espírito Santo Diogo , Ribeiro da Silva Robson
Published: November 2018

Este artigo discute pressupostos e implicações dos termos translingualimo ou práticas translíngues (CANAGARAJAH, 2011, 2013; GARCÍA, 2009, 2014) e ensino bilíngue (GARCÍA, 2014; WEI, 2013) em contextos de ensino de língua inglesa no Brasil. Na primeira parte, serão discutidas algumas nomenclaturas conferidas ao status do inglês ao redor do mundo, como World Englishes (WE), Inglês como Língua Internacional (ILI) e Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF). Em seguida, serão tecidas considerações sobre as definições de sujeitos bilíngues que mais se adéquam aos objetivos deste artigo. A discussão será finalizada com o debate sobre os desdobramentos da perspectiva translíngue no ensino, como forma de problematizar as relações linguístico-culturais que os sujeitos aprendizes de língua inglesa desenvolvem em cenários cada vez mais multilíngues.

 

Abstract: This article discusses the premises and implications of translingualism (translingual practices) (CANAGARAJAH, 2011, 2013; GARCÍA, 2009, 2014) and bilingual education (GARCÍA, 2014; WEI, 2013) concepts in English Language Teaching (ELT) contexts in Brazil. In the first section, we will review some of the labels that have been attributed to the current status of the English language worldwide, such as World Englishes (WE), English as an International Language (EIL) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Moreover, we will approach different definitions of bilingual subjects. Finally, we will consider the debate about the unfolding of the translingual perspective in order to reflect on the linguistic and cultural relations that English language learners develop in ever more multilingual settings.
 
Keywords: English; Translanguaging; Bilingual Education. 

 

Palavras-Chave: Língua inglesa; Translingualismo; Práticas translíngues; Ensino bilíngue.
BASIC WORD ORDER IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE: A HYBRID EXTENDED PROJECTION PRINCIPLE (EPP) | A ORDEM BÁSICA DE PALAVRAS NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO: UM PRINCÍPIO DA PROJEÇÃO ESTENDIDO (EPP) HÍBRIDO
Authors: Sheehan Michelle
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes a novel analysis of word order in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), based on a hybrid model of EPP satisfaction. It is proposed that the subject requirement or EPP is a [uD] feature on T which can be satisfied either by DP movement or by movement of an inflected verb bearing a [D] feature in BP. This, it is claimed, offers an explanatory account of basic word order patterns in BP.  External argument DPs, merged above V, are closer to T than V, meaning that they must raise to satisfy the EPP, predicting SV(O) order with transitive and unergative predicates, including transitive psych-predicates. Internal arguments are merged below V, however, and so with unaccusatives, it is movement of the verb bearing a [uD] feature which satisfies the EPP, giving rise to VS order. With copular verbs which take small clause complements, a similar affect holds, as the copular verb can satisfy the EPP. Verb movement can also satisfy the EPP in impersonal contexts, hence the fact that BP lacks overt expletives.

Resumo: Este artigo propõe uma nova análise da ordem de palavras no Português Brasileiro (PB), baseada num modelo hibrido de satisfação do Princípio da Projeção Extendido (PPE). Propõe-se que o requisito de sujeito ou PPE é um rasgo [uD] no núcleo T, que se pode satisfazer ou por alçamento de um DP ou por movimento de um verbo flexionado com um traço [D] no PB. Esta abordagem oferece uma análise explanatória da ordem básica das palavras no PB. Os argumentos externos (dos verbos transitivos e inergativos) que originam acima do verbo, são mais perto de T, assim que devem mover para satisfazer o PPE, o que prediz corretamente a ordem SV(O) com estes verbos (incluso os predicados psicológicos transitivos).  Os argumentos internos originam abaixo do verbo, assim que com os verbos inacusativos, e o verbo com um traco [D] que deve satisfazer o PPE, ocasionando a ordem VS. Com os verbos copulares com clausulas pequenas como complemento, observamos algo parecido porque a verbo copulativo também pode satisfazer o PPE. O alçamento do verbo também pode satisfazer o PPE em contextos impessoais, por isso a falta de expletivos no PB. 

 
EDITORIAL
Authors: Gordilho Heron José Santana
Published: November 2018

EDITORIAL DA REVISTA
ASOCIACIÓN DE FUNCIONARIOS Y ABOGADOS POR LOS DERECHOS DE LOS ANIMALES v. SALA VI DA CÂMARA NACIONAL DE APELAÇÕES CRIMINAIS E CORRECIONAIS DE BUENOS AIRES - - HABEAS CORPUS EM FAVOR DA ORANGUTANGO-FÊMEA SANDRA
Authors: TPFCA Tribunal Penal Federal da Argentina
Published: November 2018

HABEAS CORPUS EM FAVOR DA ORANGUTANGO-FÊMEA   SANDRA
DADOS INSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: UFBA PPGD
Published: November 2018

Grupo de Pesquisa: Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Direitos dos Animais, Meio
Ambiente e Pós-Humanismo
Linha editorial: Aspectos Jurídicos da Bioética e Direitos dos Animais
Periodicidade: quadrimestral
ISSN: 1809-9092 (impressa)
A MANUTENÇÃO DE ANIMAIS EM CIRCO E OS PROBLEMAS QUE ELA APRESENTA: CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DA PROBLEMÁTICA The keeping of animals in circus and the problems it presents: considerations about the problematic
Authors: CALGARO Cleide , BORILE Giovani Orso
Published: November 2018

 A tutela jurídica da fauna mostra-se meio fundamental para garantir a manutenção da vida. O bem-estar dos animais constitui interesse de grande monta para todos que buscam a efetiva aplicação dos direitos dos animais. A norma produz efeitos de grande valia para que o bem ambiental seja protegido com total eficiência, ocorre que a presença e a participação de animais em espetáculos públicos tornam-se completamente inviáveis pelo risco ambiental provocado na qualidade de vida e segurança dos seres vivos. Sendo que para uma compreensão clara dos riscos trazidos pela prática torna-se necessário um estudo dos casos de maior relevância. Trazendo-se assim, uma clara percepção dos danos causados pela atividade que para alguns é motivo de lazer e entretenimento, mas para outros, motivo de dor e sofrimento.
EDUCAÇÃO E TELEVISÃO: O LEÃO CECIL NO PROGRAMA SEM FRONTEIRAS, GLOBO NEWS Education and TV: Cecil the lion in the series Sem Fronteiras, Globo News
Authors: BRÜGGER Paula
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, postula-se a ausência de imparcialidade nos meios de comunicação, bem como a sua importância na formação de valores no sentido lato. Nesse contexto, elegeu-se como objeto de análise de conteúdo uma edição de um programa do canal de televisão Globo News, intitulada Caçada a leão no Zimbábue comove o mundo. O estudo revelou elementos que foram silenciados ou apareceram de forma incipiente no programa, como a crueldade e a violência subjacentes à caça, assim como o viés moral que lhe é inerente. A matéria também destinou muito tempo à biodiversidade, tema digressivo no contexto em pauta, e tratou a caça quase que exclusivamente sob suas dimensões técnicas e legais. Tais questões mostram a necessidade de mudanças na formação de profissionais dessa área, uma vez que este estudo apontou a presença de valores especistas, algo que não condiz com o ideal de isenção de valores propugnado pela maioria dos discursos sobre o conteúdo das matérias jornalísticas.
REGRAS DE SUBMISSÃO
Authors: . .
Published: November 2018

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Introdução ao Direito Animal Brasileiro
Authors: Ataide Junior Vicente De Paula
Published: November 2018

O artigo apresenta o conceito e outros elementos propedêuticos do Direito Animal e esquadrinha o seu desenvolvimento constitucional, legislativo, jurisprudencial e doutrinário no Brasil, estabelecendo, como marco inicial para sua autonomia científica, a regra constitucional da não-crueldade, insculpida na parte final do inciso VII do §1º do art. 225 da Constituição Republicana de 1988. O Direito Animal é apresentado como disciplina jurídica separada do Direito Ambiental, muito embora compartilhem regras e princípios. Para esse novo campo do Direito, o animal não-humano interessa como indivíduo, dotado de dignidade própria e, a partir disso, como sujeito do direito fundamental à existência digna, posta a salvo de práticas cruéis. O artigo aponta, como fontes normativas federais gerais, o Decreto 24.645/1934 e o art. 32 da Lei 9.605/1998, mas também indica uma série de diplomas legais estaduais e municipais, os quais também integram o ordenamento jurídico animalista. Defende o julgamento da ADIn 4983 (caso vaquejada), no Supremo Tribunal Federal, como marco da consolidação jurisprudencial do Direito Animal brasileiro. Indica a existência de uma doutrina animalista, mas ressalva a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos dogmáticos. O artigo termina por concluir que o Brasil já conta com um Direito Animal positivado, inclusive quanto à capacidade dos animais de poderem estar em juízo.
Fundação (Patrimônio Personalizado) e natureza ( Vida Despersonalizada ): Um convite à reflexão sobre um paradoxo do direito contemporâneo
Authors: Haeberlin Mártin , Pasqualini Alexandre
Published: November 2018

O presente ensaio propõe um convite à reflexão sobre um paradoxo do Direito contemporâneo, qual seja o de que a trajetória evolutiva do Direito foi capaz de reconhecer, com inspiração romana e desde a Idade Média, personalidade jurídica ao patrimônio, sob a forma de Fundações, mas, ainda hoje, vê-se incapaz de reconhecê-la, para certos efeitos, à Natureza, vida das vidas. Para demonstrar esse paradoxo, expõe-se, inicialmente, a partir de metodologia bibliográfica de base jurídica, o avanço jurídico que a Fundação representou no âmbito da teoria da personalidade jurídica e se analisa a natureza jurídica do ente fundacional. Após, a partir de metodologia bibliográfica de base filosófica, cuida-se da Natureza, primeiro para apresentar o seu entendimento desde dois diferentes modelos de antropocentrismo, designados como substantivo e perceptivo, demonstrando a necessidade de adoção deste, conquanto se considere que a centralidade do homem no Direito é uma inferência de sua capacidade para o agir ético. Considerando que as soluções empíricas podem tomar a vanguarda para alcançar uma resposta adequada a este importante, e não resolvido, problema na dogmática, o texto aborda, ao fim, a questão da natureza jurídica da natureza em nosso ordenamento jurídico, o que remete, na fórmula que a considera um “bem de uso comum do povo”, à paradoxal despersonalização da vida no direito contemporâneo.
Decisão Judicial
Authors: Da Silva Dra. Simone Cristina de Oliveira Souza
Published: November 2018

Trata-se de Ação Civil Pública de natureza difusa ambiental, com pedido de liminar da tutela de urgência inaudita altera parte proposta pelo Ministério Público-GAEMA em face de Transporte Pesado Brasil Agropecuária Ltda, conhecida como Fazenda Brasil Agropecuária.
ENSINANDO ÉTICA PÓS-HUMANISTA NA FACULDADE DE DIREITO: AS DIMENSÕES DE GÊNERO, CULTURA E RAÇA NA RESISTÊNCIA DOS ESTUDANTES
Authors: DECKHA Maneesha
Published: November 2018

Este ensaio desafia as fronteiras hegemônicas humanistas do
Direito ao analisar os desafios envolvidos em padronizar disciplinas
pós-humanistas nos currículos dos cursos de direito. Assuntos pós
humanistas relacionados ao ensino jurídico são vistos como marginais
e indignos de séria discussão ou bolsa de estudo. A autora identifica
os problemas que podem surgir com a introdução de conteúdos críticos pós-humanistas através de sua experiência no ensino de direito
animal como uma disciplina opcional e como parte de uma disciplina anual obrigatória sobre Direitos de Propriedade, bem como na
realização de uma conferência anual coordenada por estudantes. Ela
argumenta que os preconceitos relacionados a gênero, raça e outros
padrões, herdados do sistema de ensino jurídico como um todo, impedem os estudantes de adotarem discursos jurídicos não hegemônicos
que desafiem suas percepções acerca do Direito e seu papel. Esses
preconceitos levam à resistência e ao desafio às discussões de direito
pós‑humanistas até mesmo a estudantes marginalizados ou “alternativos”. A autora argumenta que esses preconceitos internalizados, que constituem a visão de mundo dos estudantes, poderiam ser enfrentados através de uma formulação pedagógica sensível e inovadora no ensino de disciplinas pós‑humanistas como o Direito Animal.
OS DELITOS CONTRA A FAUNA SILVESTRE NA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA
Authors: BUOMPADRE Jorge
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo faz uma análise acerca da proteção jurídico-­
penal da fauna silvestre da Argentina, em especial com relação ao
tráfico e caça ilegal, que são os principais causadores da destruição
da fauna local. Destaca-­se a importância do tratamento dado à fauna
como bem jurídico de caráter difuso, elemento pertencente ao meio
ambiente e que, portanto, deve ser tutelado pelo Poder Público e coletividade.
Dá-­se ênfase ao estudo das leis locais, sua estrutura e modo
de aplicação, bem como as agravantes dos tipos penais e a competência
para o julgamento de tais delitos.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA HERMENÊUTICA JURÍDICA NO PROCESSO DE SUPERAÇÃO DA TRADIÇÃO MORAL ANTROPOCÊNTRICO-ESPECISTA E SEUS REFLEXOS NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: TOLEDO Maria Izabel Vasco de
Published: November 2018

O paradigma do Antropocentrismo e a ideia de instrumentalização da natureza vêm perdendo espaço no mundo todo. O foco
da tutela do meio ambiente não deve ser somente preservar a qualidade de vida do ser humano, das presentes e futuras gerações, mas
sim proteger o meio ambiente e os animais por seu valor intrínseco.
Por isso é necessário que o ordenamento jurídico se adapte conforme
uma interpretação evolutiva, adequando assim as normas à realidade
social de cada momento histórico, atribuindo-­lhes novos conteúdos.
Com o surgimento de novos valores, costumes, inclusive novos bens
jurídicos, é indispensável que também as leis acompanhem esta realidade, tornando-­se mais justas e eficazes, atendendo aos interesses detodos. Sendo assim, a hermenêutica desenvolve papel indispensável
nesse processo evolutivo, e, tomando por base o pensamento do autor
alemão Peter Häberle, busca-­‐‑se romper com antigos dogmas do Direito, por meio do reconhecimento de que o ordenamento jurídico é
indissociável da realidade cultural em que está inserido.
ANIMAIS COMO OBJETOS, OU SUJEITOS, DE DIREITO
Authors: EPSTEIN Richard A.
Published: November 2018

Desde os primeiros tempos, os animais são vistos como objetos
de direitos humanos. Este resultado não só é fruto da compreensão
limitada das suas capacidades de cognição e sensação, mas repousa
na grande crença de que, sem domesticação, os seres humanos não
poderiam garantir o seu próprio avanço. As reivindicações modernas
dos direitos dos animais não devem ser justificadas por um apelo a
uma nova e mais profunda compreensão sobre o tema, mas deve se
fundar na alegação de que o que os animais compartilham com os seres
humanos é mais importante do que aquilo que os separam. Desse
modo, tais características comuns justificam certo nível de proteção
animal, embora não justificam uma transformação radical das instituições
sociais que reconheça direitos básicos, libertários da dominação
e exploração humana.
Dados Institucionais
Authors: . . .
Published: November 2018

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IDEOLOGIA POLÍTICA E O STATUS JURÍDICO DOS ANIMAIS
Authors: Gardner Robert
Published: November 2018

Este  artigo  afirma  que  os  benefícios  em  mudar  o  status  jurí- dico   dos   animais   de   sua   posição   atual   de   propriedade   têm   sido   exa- gerados.   Esta   visão   baseia-­‐‑se   nos   argumentos   de   que   a   abolição   da   condição  de  propriedade  dos  animais  não  é  uma  garantia  suficiente  de   que  eles  deixarão  de  ser  explorados  e  que,  embora  a  abolição  do  status   de  propriedade  dos  animais  seja  um  passo  necessário  para  o  cumpri- mento   dos   direitos   dos   animais,   é   incorreto   imaginar   que   melhorias   significativas  em  seu  bem  estar  não  possam  ser  alcançadas  a  partir  do   atual  paradigma  de  propriedade. 
Bornhuetter–Ferguson Method
Authors: Taylor Greg
Published: November 2018

Originally, the Bornhuetter–Ferguson was merely a claim‐reserving procedure, without a statistical model as foundation. This procedure is described.

The more recent literature contains a number of models compatible with the procedure. Some of these are nonparametric models, and others are Bayesian. Those most prominent in the literature are described.

Comment is added on the estimation of the prediction error associated with some of these models.
Statistical Methods for Defense Testing
Authors: Avery Matthew R. , Avery Kelly M. , Freeman Laura J.
Published: November 2018

In the increasingly complex and data‐limited world of military defense testing, statisticians play a valuable role in many applications. Before theDoDacquires any major new capability, that system must undergo realistic testing in its intended environment with military users. Although the typical test environment is highly variable and factors are often uncontrolled, design of experiment techniques can add objectivity, efficiency, and rigor to the process of test planning. Statistical analyses help system evaluators get the most information out of limited data sets. Oftentimes, new or complex analysis techniques are needed to support the goal of characterizing or predicting system performance across the operational space. Finally, the growing need for computer models or simulations to supplement live testing also means that these models must be appropriately validated before their output can be deemed sufficient for use. Statistical design and analysis techniques are essential for rigorous evaluation of these models.
Social Network Analysis: A Gentle Introduction
Authors: Zavarrone Emma
Published: November 2018

An overview of social network analysis is provided. The invisible rules of society have been enchanting the scientific community from the Plato, but only through Comte, these rules or social relations were configured inside a theory. Actors, ties, and graphs are the basic ingredients for the description of the characteristics of a closed group in terms of relations. This article deals with the explorative approach of social network analysis.
Indicators Definition
Authors: Maggino Filomena
Published: November 2018

The measurement in socioeconomic context is achieved as a consequence of a definition confirmed through the relationship observed between observations and the concept to be measured. Almost all the measures developed in social sciences belong to this group. The measures developed in this context are defined indicators.
Systems of Indicators
Authors: Maggino Filomena
Published: November 2018

Systems of indicators are produced by the proper and accurate application of the hierarchical design (indicators construction) and do not represent pure and simple collections of indicators. In this complex structure, each indicator measures and represents a distinct constituent of the defined phenomenon.
Psychometrics Statistics
Authors: Gnaldi Michela
Published: November 2018

Psychometric theory is a discipline based on formal logic and general mathematical and statistical methods, and concerned primarily, but not exclusively, with evaluating the attributes of measurement instruments employed in the psychological sciences. Psychometric theory is built on two main statistical branches, theclassical test theory(CTT) and theitem response theory (IRT). The present article proposes an overview of their essential logic, perspectives, and potentials.
Use of ExtendedIRTModels for Composite Indicator Development
Authors: Gnaldi Michela
Published: November 2018

Item response theory (IRT) models are tools developed in psychometrics and applied primarily to validate, analyze, and score tests and questionnaires measuring abilities and attitudes. However, their potentials extend well beyond the education and psychometric fields. In fact, recent developments of these models allow us to pursue two key objectives of the social sciences, that is, verifying and retaining the multidimensionality of the data, either with an explorative or a confirmatory approach, and classifying units into homogeneous groups as regard to the identified relevant dimensions. Concurrently accounting for multidimensionality and classification instances is a step forward compared to statistical methods of data complexity reduction concerned either, on one side, with the structure of variables, or with the structure of units on the other, as it allows us to explain and qualify the differences between clusters of units alongside the distinctive latent dimensions underlying the data at issue.
Gani,Joe
Authors: Wilson Susan R. , Welsh Alan H.
Published: November 2018

Joseph Mark (Joe) Gani, one of the founding fathers of applied probability, died on April 12, 2016, in Canberra, Australia, aged 91. Joe enjoyed a relatively unusual, very productive, and long life. His lifetime journey can be usefully summarized into four main periods, namely his early, formative years (1924–1945), the developmental period (1945–1965), followed by the years of expansion (1965–1991), and finally his later, more settled years (1991–2016). Joe's various contributions to scientific research and endeavor are summarized briefly, as well as his many well‐deserved honors.
Principal Component Analysis for Big Data
Authors: Fan Jianqing , Sun Qiang , Zhou Wen‐Xin , Zhu Ziwei
Published: November 2018

Big data is transforming our world, revolutionizing operations and analytics everywhere, from financial engineering to biomedical sciences. The complexity of big data often makes dimension reduction techniques necessary before conducting statistical inference. Principal component analysis, commonly referred to as PCA, has become an essential tool for multivariate data analysis and unsupervised dimension reduction, the goal of which is to find a lower dimensional subspace that captures most of the variation in the dataset. This article provides an overview of methodological and theoretical developments of PCA over the past decade, with focus on its applications to big data analytics. We first review the mathematical formulation of PCA and its theoretical development from the view point of perturbation analysis. We then briefly discuss the relationship between PCA and factor analysis as well as its applications to large covariance estimation and multiple testing. PCA also finds important applications in many modern machine learning problems, and in this article, we focus on community detection, ranking, mixture model, and manifold learning.
Exponential Random Graph Models
Authors: Koskinen Johan
Published: November 2018

This article describes a class of log‐linear models for statistical analysis of social network data commonly referred to as exponential random graph (ERG) models. ERG models are appropriate when one wishes to model the ties among pairs of nodes in a graph as a collection of binary outcome variables. Based on a set of dependence assumptions for how the tie variables are associated, the ERG model can be expressed as an exponential family distribution in canonical form with graph statistics that take the form of local configurations. The ERG model is introduced in its basic form, and the current estimation strategies are presented. Extensions of ERG and current challenges are briefly discussed.
Data Science
Authors: Hand David J.
Published: November 2018

Data science is an interdisciplinary subject concerned with analyzing and extracting knowledge and information from data. It is primarily a merger of statistics and computer science, with influences from other allied disciplines and application domains. The development of the discipline has been enabled by advances in automatic data capture, the creation of large accessible collections of data, and the advent of powerful and user‐friendly computing technology. Data‐driven models, based on observed structures and relationships in data rather than on underlying theory, have led to widespread applications, especially for predictive purposes. However, care is needed, since such models can be brittle, and are vulnerable to changes in the system they are modeling.
Progress in Tumor‐Associated Macrophages: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Wang Yi , Lin Yao‐Xin , Qiao Sheng‐Lin , Wang Jie , Wang Hao
Published: November 2018

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are of great interest in cancer immunology as they play an important role in the tumor microenvironment as cancer stromal cells recruited from circulating monocytes. TAMs are closely associated with tumor progression, including initiation, trophic growth, metabolism, angiogenesis, and metastasis; moreover, in clinical practice, their quantity can be related to poor prognosis. Fundamental and translational studies imply that TAMs are one of the most promising targets in tumor therapy. Herein, the biological origination and classification of TAMs, which correspond to their functions and differentiations, are reviewed in detail. In addition, recent basic research and clinical preprocess of TAMs in tumor immunotherapy are also discussed. Finally, the advances in the use of nanotechnology and TAMs for tumor therapy are discussed. This review focuses on the background and status of basic research and clinical significance of TAMs, points out the potential of TAMs in tumor immunological therapy, and clarifies the possibility of translation TAM‐targeting therapies in medicine.
Multifunctional Non‐Equiatomic High Entropy Alloys with Superelastic, High Damping, and Excellent Cryogenic Properties
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhu Chaoyi , Harrington Tyler , Casalena Lee , Wang Haoren , Shin Sumin , Vecchio Kenneth S.
Published: November 2018

A new class of non‐equiatomic FeNiCoAlTaB (NCATB) high entropy alloy (HEA) is introduced, which exhibits tunable properties from cryogenic/ambient superelasticity to ultra‐high strength through controlling the nature or type of martensite. In the current NCATB‐HEA alloy system, depending on the size of γ’‐Ni3Al (L12) precipitates, thin‐plate, lenticular, butterfly, and lath‐like martensite can form. When thin‐plate thermoelastic martensite is favored, a superelastic strain of about 0.025 (ambient) and ≈0.01 (cryogenic) is achieved with a high yield stress of ≈800 MPa and a high‐damping effect (10 times higher than Cu–Al–Ni superelastic alloy). While for butterfly and lath‐like martensite dominated NCATB‐HEA, an ultra‐high yield stress of around 1.1 GPa is achieved while no superelasticity is demonstrated. This current alloy system helps to expand the application domain of HEAs, for example, into high‐damping applications, robust actuators, space exploration, and other structural material applications.
High‐Performance Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Sequential Bilayer Processing via Nonhalogenated Solvents
Authors: Dong Sheng , Zhang Kai , Xie Boming , Xiao Jingyang , Yip Hin‐Lap , Yan He , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: November 2018

While the performance of laboratory‐scale organic solar cells (OSCs) continues to grow over 13%, the development of high‐efficiency large area OSCs still lags. One big challenge is that the formation of bulk heterojunction morphology is an extremely complicated process and the formed morphology is also a highly delicate balance involving many parameters such as domain size, purity, miscibility, etc. The morphology control becomes much more challenging when the device area is scaled up. In this work, a highly efficient (12.9%) nonfullerene organic solar cell processed using a sequential bilayer deposition method from nonhalogenated solvents, is reported. Using this bilayer processing method, the organic solar cells can be scaled up to a larger area (1 cm2) while maintaining a high performance of 11.4% using doctor‐blade‐coating technique. Moreover, as the acceptor is hidden behind the polymer donor, the possibility of degradation by sunlight is lessened. Thus, improved photostability is observed in the bilayer structure device when compared with the bulk heterojunction device. This method offers a truly compatible processing technique for printing large‐area OSC modules.
PSMD12 haploinsufficiency in a neurodevelopmental disorder with autistic features
Authors: Khalil Raida , Kenny Connor , Hill R. Sean , Mochida Ganeshwaran H. , Nasir Ramzi , Partlow Jennifer N. , Barry Brenda J. , Al‐Saffar Muna , Egan Chloe , Stevens Christine R. , Gabriel Stacey B. , Barkovich A. James , Ellison Jay W. , Al‐Gazali Lihadh , Walsh Christopher A. , Chahrour Maria H.
Published: November 2018

Protein homeostasis is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Disruption of this pathway gives rise to a host of neurological disorders. Through whole exome sequencing (WES) in families with neurodevelopmental disorders, we identified mutations in PSMD12, a core component of the proteasome, underlying a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability (ID) and features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We performed WES on six affected siblings from a multiplex family with ID and autistic features, the affected father, and two unaffected mothers, and a trio from a simplex family with one affected child with ID and periventricular nodular heterotopia. We identified an inherited heterozygous nonsense mutation in PSMD12 (NM_002816: c.367C>T: p.R123X) in the multiplex family and a de novo nonsense mutation in the same gene (NM_002816: c.601C>T: p.R201X) in the simplex family. PSMD12 encodes a non‐ATPase regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome. We confirm the association of PSMD12 with ID, present the first cases of inherited PSMD12 mutation, and demonstrate the heterogeneity of phenotypes associated with PSMD12 mutations.
Pyranopterin Related Dithiolene Molybdenum Complexes as Homogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Fogeron Thibault , Retailleau Pascal , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Li Yun , Fontecave Marc
Published: November 2018

Two original dithiolenes, with a pyrazine ring fused with a pyran ring carrying the dithiolene chelate, mimicking molybdopterin (MPT) present in the active site of formate dehydrogenases (FDHs), have been synthesized. The first one mimicks MPT in the dihydropyrazine form while the second mimicks MPT in the more biologically relevant tetrahydropyrazine form. Both have been structurally characterized as a ligand within a cobalt(cyclopentadienyl)(dithiolene) complex. The corresponding MoO(dithiolene)2 complexes have been also prepared and are reported as the first functional and stable catalysts inspired by the Mo center of FDHs so far: they indeed catalyze the photoreduction of CO2 into formic acid, as the major product, and carbon monoxide, achieving more than 100 turnover numbers in about 8 h.
Aufbau einer globalen Wissenschaftskultur – die Vietnam‐Erfahrung
Authors: Cordova Kyle E. , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: November 2018

Wir beschreiben im Detail die Erfahrungen, Herausforderungen, Erfolge und Perspektiven beim Aufbau eines Chemieforschungszentrums in Vietnam. Durch die Prinzipien der “globalen Wissenschaft” geben wir spezifische Einblicke in den Prozess der Errichtung eines international wettbewerbsfähigen Forschungsprogramms – ein Modell, das skalierbar und an Länder außerhalb Vietnams anpassbar ist. Darüber hinaus heben wir die Erfolgsaussichten bei der Förderung der globalen wissenschaftlichen Bildung, des Aufbaus von Forschungskapazitäten und der Mentorenschaft hervor.
On the Design of Radical–Radical Cocrystals
Authors: Nascimento Mitchell A. , Heyer Elodie , Clarke Joshua J. , Cowley Hugh J. , Alberola Antonio , Stephaniuk Nadia , Rawson Jeremy M.
Published: November 2018

Formation of radical–radical cocrystals is an important step towards the design of organic ferrimagnets. We describe a simple approach to generate radical–radical cocrystals through the identification and implementation of well‐defined supramolecular synthons which favor cocrystallization over phase separation. In the current paper we implement the structure‐directing interactions of the E−E bond (E=S, Se) of dithiadiazolyl (DTDA) and diselenadiazolyl (DSDA) radicals to form close contacts to electronegative groups. This is exemplified through the preparation and structural characterization of three sets of radical cocrystals; the 2:2 cocrystal [PhCNSSN]2[MBDTA]2 (4) [MBDTA=methyl benzodithiazolyl] and the 2:1 cocrystals [C6F5CNEEN]2[TEMPO] (E=S, 5; E=Se, 6). In 4 the two types of radical are linked via bifurcated inter‐dimer δ+S⋅⋅⋅Nδ− interactions whereas 5 and 6 exhibit a set of five‐centre δ+E⋅⋅⋅Oδ− contacts (E=S, Se).
Multicomponent Reactions of Pyridines To Give Ring‐Fused Pyridiniums: In Situ Activation Strategy Using 1,2‐Dichloroethane as a Vinyl Equivalent
Authors: Wang Zhishuo , Yin Jiangliang , Zhou Fulin , Liu Yunqi , You Jingsong
Published: November 2018

Reported herein is a rhodium(III)‐catalyzed three‐component annulation reaction of simple pyridines, alkynes, and 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE), affording a streamlined pathway to diverse ring‐fused pyridiniums. DCE not only serves as a vinyl equivalent but also as an in situ activating agent for pyridine C2−H activation. A cationic five‐membered rhodacycle complex has been isolated and proposed as a possible intermediate. This strategy can be extended to other N‐containing heteroarenes for the synthesis of multiring‐fused pyridiniums. These multicomponent reactions exhibit excellent regioselectivity for 1,3‐diynes, paving a path to the cascade cyclization of 3‐fluoropyridine or N‐methylpyridin‐3‐amine with 1,3‐diynes for the construction of brand‐new tricyclic‐fused pyrano‐ or hydropyridoquinolizinium salts. These ionic fluorophores have been investigated as potential biomarkers.
Building a Global Culture of Science—The Vietnam Experience
Authors: Cordova Kyle E. , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: November 2018

We detail the lessons learned, challenges, achievements, and outlook in building a chemistry research center in Vietnam. Through the principles of “global science”, we provide specific insight into the process behind establishing an internationally‐competitive research program—a model that is scalable and adaptable to countries beyond Vietnam. Furthermore, we highlight the prospects for success in advancing global science education, research capacity building, and mentorship.
CO2‐Cross‐Linked Frustrated Lewis Networks as Gas‐Regulated Dynamic Covalent Materials
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Renjie , Hao Xiang , Yan Qiang
Published: November 2018

The design of structurally dynamic molecular networks can offer strategies for fabricating stimuli‐responsive adaptive materials. Herein we first report a gas‐responsive dynamic gel system based on frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. Two trefoil‐like molecules with bulky triphenylborane and triphenylphosphine groups are synthesized as complementary Lewis acid and base with trivalent sites. They can together bind CO2 gas molecules and further form a cross‐linked network via the bonding interactions between FLPs and CO2. Such CO2‐bridged dative linkages are shown to be dynamic covalent bonds, which endow the frustrated Lewis network with adaptable behaviors and unprecedented gas‐regulated viscoelastic, mechanical, and self‐healing performance. This study is an initial attempt to apply the FLP concept in materials chemistry, but we believe that this strategy will open a promising future for gas‐sensitive smart materials.
Zinc(II)‐Dipicolylamine Coordination Nanotheranostics: Toward Synergistic Nanomedicine by Combined Photo/Gene Therapy
Authors: Chu Chengchao , Ren En , Zhang Yunming , Yu Jingwen , Lin Huirong , Pang Xin , Zhang Yang , Liu Heng , Qin Zainen , Cheng Yi , Wang Xiaoyong , Li Wei , Kong Xiangjian , Chen Xiaoyuan , Liu Gang
Published: November 2018

We report the rational design of coordination‐driven self‐assembly metal–organic nanostructures for multifunctional nanotheranostics. Zinc(II) coordination‐based nano‐formulations capable of loading indocyanine green (ICG) and therapeutic genes were prepared to achieve a fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging‐guided combination photo/gene therapy strategy. We showed the enhanced theranostic capability of zinc(II)‐dipicolylamine‐assisted assembly of ICG, as well as simultaneous targeted gene delivery in an experimental mouse model of cancer. Such a co‐assembly strategy provides a facile way to achieve combined therapeutic functions for personalized nanomedicine.
Isatin‐SO3H coated on amino propyl modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@APTES@isatin‐SO3H) as a recyclable magnetic nanoparticle for the simple and rapid synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d] pyrimidines derivatives
Authors: Sajjadifar Sami , Gheisarzadeh Zohreh
Published: November 2018

Isatin‐SO3H coated on amino propyl modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@APTES@isatin‐SO3H) is found to be a novel, efficient, and reusable magnetic nanocatalyst, and characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, VSM, and TGA analysis. The magnetic nanocatalyst demonstrated outstanding performance in synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d] pyrimidines derivatives via one‐pot three‐component reaction of various aromatic aldehydes 1, malononitrile 2, and barbituric acid 3 under reflux conditions in mixture of H2O:EtOH (1:1) as solvent. Easy workup procedure, short reaction time, high yield, simple preparation and easy recovery of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions are some advantages of this work.
Enhanced visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic activity of F doped reduced graphene oxide ‐ Bi2WO6 photocatalyst
Authors: Yu Hongguang , Chu Chenglin , An Xulong
Published: November 2018

The reduced graphene oxide‐Bi2WO6 (rGO‐BWO) photocatalysts with the different RF/O values (molar ratio of the F molar mass and the O's molar mass of Bi2WO6) had been successfully synthesized via one‐step hydrothermal method. The F‐doped rGO‐BWO samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The results indicate that F− ions had been successfully doped into rGO‐BWO samples. With the increasing of the RF/O values from 0 to 2%, the evident change of the morphology and the absorption edges of F‐doped rGO‐BWO samples and the photocatalytic activities had been enhanced. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of F‐doped rGO‐BWO with RF/O = 0.05 were better than rGO‐BWO and the other F‐doped rGO‐BWO under 500 W Xe lamp light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the morphology of the intact microsphere that signify the bigger specific surface area for providing more possible reaction sites for the adsorption–desorption equilibrium of photocatalytic reaction, the introduction of F− ions that may cause the enhancement of surface acidity and creation of oxygen vacancies under visible light irradiation, the narrower band gap which means needing less energy for the electron hole pair transition.
In vivo Visualization of the Process of Hg2+ Bioaccumulation in Water Flea Daphnia carinata by a Novel Aggregation‐Induced Emission Fluorogen
Authors: He Tao , Ou Weixin , Tang Ben Zhong , Qin Jianguang , Tang Youhong
Published: November 2018

This paper employs a specially designed aggregation‐induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen) to in vivo visualize the process of Hg2+ bioaccumulation in a common species of freshwater zooplankton Daphnia carinata (D. carinata) by two methods, direct Hg2+ absorption and ingestion of Hg2+ contaminated food. We analysed the relevance between photoluminescence (PL, I595/I480) ratios and Hg2+ (CHg2+) and developed the master curve for Hg2+ determination based on measuring the PL intensity of the solution. Meanwhile, fluorescent image analysis showed that the major recipient organs of Hg2+ in D. carinata were the compound eyes and carapace, followed by the intestine and shell gland, but not the brain or heart. The response of D. carinata to Hg2+ via uptake from surrounding water differed distinctly from that through food intake of the algae (Euglena gracilis) contaminated by mercury. When Hg2+ was encapsulated by algae membrane, no fluorescence was detected, and the carapace morphology remained intact after ingesting algae for 80 min, in contrast to the rapid carapace deformation by direct Hg2+ absorption. The D. carinata showed higher mortality by direct Hg2+ immersion than via food ingestion. The reason for the high mortality after Hg2+ immersion was possibly due to carapace deformity after chemical reaction between chitin and mercury, but the biochemical pathway leading to morality needs further study.
Carbon dots‐involved chemiluminescence: Recent advances and developments
Authors: Wang Dong Mei , Lin Ke Li , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: November 2018

In recent years, more and more nanomaterials‐based chemiluminescence (CL) systems have appeared to improve the sensitivity and expand the scope of the analytical applications with the explosive growth and development of nanomaterials and technology. As a fascinating class of luminescent carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) are now substantially studied in fabricating CL based assays due to their unique optical and mechanical properties. Herein, we summarize and highlight the current developments of CDs‐involved weak or ultraweak CL systems, as well as the corresponding mechanisms and proper applications in some fields. CDs can take part in the CL reactions as oxidants, emitting species directly involved in redox oxidation, energy acceptors of CL energy transfer, or even catalysts involving other luminophores. In fact, they always have more than one role in many cases, owing to the formation of various excited species with short life in CL systems. Therefore, in this review article, the most recent progress of the different CDs‐assisted CL systems including the mechanisms and applications are presented. Finally, the conclusions and future prospects of this field are also discussed. The significant features of the CDs‐based CL systems may open up new prospects and challenges in a wider range of fields.
Simple determination of plasma ibrutinib concentration using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Yasu Takeo , Momo Kenji , Yasui Hiroshi , Kuroda Seiichirou
Published: November 2018

Ibrutinib is an oral inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase, which is one of the key drugs used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma. In this study, we aimed to develop a simple method for determining plasma ibrutinib concentration. The analysis required extraction of a 200 μL plasma sample and precipitation of proteins using solid‐phase extraction. Ibrutinib and nilotinib, which was used as an internal standard, were separated using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–0.5% monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4, pH 3.0; 52:48, v/v) on a Capcell Pack C18 MG II (250 × 4.6 mm) monitored at 260 nm, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear at the plasma concentration range of 10–500 ng/mL with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.9999. The coefficients of intra‐day and inter‐day validation were 4.0–6.6 and 2.6–7.7%, respectively. The assay accuracy was −4.4–8.6%, and the recovery was >84%. This HPLC method coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection for determining ibrutinib plasma concentration has several advantages such as simplicity and applicability to routine therapeutic drug monitoring at hospital laboratories.
Lead your department to embrace challenges as opportunities for growth, development
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2018

When asked about the biggest challenges he's faced as an athletics director, Josh Berlo first stops to emphasize that he would instead prefer to see the challenges as “opportunities” for growth and improvement. Those opportunities have come in the form of “difficult staff and coaching changes, significant financial realities, and the need to elevate the departmental culture,” said Berlo, AD at the University of Minnesota Duluth.
In the eye of the beholder: The role of cognitive style and similarity in the evaluation of brand extensions
Authors: de Groote Julia K. , Mendini Monica , Gibbert Michael
Published: November 2018

Fit has been identified as an antecedent of the success of brand extensions. Recently, a new stream of literature has distinguished two different types of fit: feature‐based taxonomic similarity and relation‐based thematic similarity. Although researchers in this field have investigated how thematic and taxonomic brand extensions are evaluated, they have not accounted for interindividual differences in these evaluations. To address this gap, we investigate how cognitive styles are related to the evaluation of brand extensions that are based on different types of similarity. We show that a systematic cognitive style is related to the evaluation of taxonomic brand extensions. Moreover, we take the first steps to disentangle the relationship between intuitive cognitive style and the evaluation of thematic brand extensions, and we show that positive affect might play an important role as a moderator in these cases. The results provide us with a better understanding of how interindividual differences in information processing might account for differences in preferences for different types of brand extensions and, hence, consumer behavior.