bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding Semantic Bugs Fast
Authors: Grätz Lukas , Hähnle Reiner , Bubel Richard
Published: March 2022

Finding semantic bugs in code is difficult and requires precious expert time. Lacking comprehensive formal specifications, deductive verification is not an option. We propose an incremental specification procedure: With the help of automatic verification tools, a domain expert is guided through program runs and source code locations. The expert validates a run at certain locations and creates lightweight annotations. Formal methods training is not required. We demonstrate by example that this approach is capable to quickly detect different kinds of semantic bugs. We position our approach in the middle ground between fully-fledged deductive verification and bug finding without semantic guidance.
On type 0 string theory in solvable RR backgrounds
Authors: Skrzypek Torben , Tseytlin Arkady A.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Motivated by a possibility of solving non-supersymmetric type 0 string theory in AdS5× S5 background using integrability, we revisit the construction of type 0 string spectrum in some solvable examples of backgrounds with RR fluxes that are common to type IIB and type 0B theories. The presence of RR fluxes requires the use of a Green-Schwarz description for type 0 string theory. Like in flat space, the spectrum of type 0 theory can be derived from the type II theory spectrum by a (−1)F orbifolding, i.e. combining the untwisted sector where GS fermions are periodic with the twisted sector where GS fermions are antiperiodic (and projecting out all spacetime fermionic states). This construction of the type 0 spectrum may also be implemented using Melvin background that allows to continuously interpolate between the type II and type 0 theories. As an illustration, we discuss the type 0B spectrum in the pp-wave background which is the Penrose limit of AdS5× S5 with RR 5-form flux and also in the pp-wave background which is the Penrose limit of AdS3× S3× T4 supported by mixed RR and NSNS 3-form fluxes. We show that increasing the strength of the RR flux increases the value of the effective normal ordering constant (which determines the mass of the type 0 tachyon in flat space) and thus effectively decreases the momentum-space domain of instability of the ground state. We also comment on the semiclassical sector of states of type 0B theory in AdS5× S5.
LHC lifetime frontier and visible decay searches in composite asymmetric dark matter models
Authors: Kamada Ayuki , Kuwahara Takumi
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The LHC lifetime frontier will probe dark sector in near future, and the visible decay searches at fixed-target experiments have been exploring dark sector. Composite asymmetric dark matter with dark photon portal is a promising framework explaining the coincidence problem between dark matter and visible matter. Dark strong dynamics provides rich structure in the dark sector: the lightest dark nucleon is the dark matter, while strong annihilation into dark pions depletes the symmetric components of the dark matter. Dark photons alleviate cosmological problems. Meanwhile, dark photons make dark hadrons long-lived in terrestrial experiments. Moreover, the dark hadrons are produced through the very same dark photon. In this study, we discuss the visible decay searches for composite asymmetric dark matter models. For a few GeV dark nucleons, the LHC lifetime frontier, MATHUSLA and FASER, has a potential to discover their decay when kinetic mixing angle of dark photon is ϵ ≳ 10−4. On the other hand, fixed-target experiments, in particular SeaQuest, will have a great sensitivity to dark pions with a mass below GeV and with kinetic mixing ϵ ≳ 10−4 in addition to the LHC lifetime frontier. These projected sensitivities to dark hadrons in dark photon parameter space are comparable with the future sensitivities of dark photon searches, such as Belle-II and LHCb.
Virasoro entanglement Berry phases
Authors: de Boer Jan , Espíndola Ricardo , Najian Bahman , Patramanis Dimitrios , van der Heijden Jeremy , Zukowski Claire
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We study the parallel transport of modular Hamiltonians encoding entanglement properties of a state. In the case of 2d CFT, we consider a change of state through action with a suitable diffeomorphism on the circle: one that diagonalizes the adjoint action of the modular Hamiltonian. These vector fields exhibit kinks at the interval boundary, thus together with their central extension they differ from usual elements of the Virasoro algebra. The Berry curvature associated to state-changing parallel transport is the Kirillov-Kostant symplectic form on an associated coadjoint orbit, one which differs appreciably from known Virasoro orbits. We find that the boundary parallel transport process computes a bulk symplectic form for a Euclidean geometry obtained from the backreaction of a cosmic brane, with Dirichlet boundary conditions at the location of the brane. We propose that this gives a reasonable definition for the symplectic form on an entanglement wedge.
PCSK9 acts as a key regulator of Aβ clearance across the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Mazura Alexander D. , Ohler Anke , Storck Steffen E. , Kurtyka Magdalena , Scharfenberg Franka , Weggen Sascha , Becker-Pauly Christoph , Pietrzik Claus U.
Published: March 2022

Despite the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in late adult life, there is currently no therapy available to prevent the onset or slow down the progression of AD. The progressive cognitive decline in AD correlates with a successive accumulation of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) due to impaired clearance mechanisms. A significant percentage is removed by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) into the periphery. Circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor protein family at the cell surface and targets them for lysosomal degradation, which reduces the number of functional receptors. However, the adverse impact of PCSK9 on LRP1-mediated brain Aβ clearance remains elusive. By using an established BBB model, we identified reduced LRP1-mediated brain-to-blood Aβ clearance due to PCSK9 across different endothelial monolayer in vitro. Consequently, the repetitive application of FDA-approved monoclonal anti-PCSK9 antibodies into 5xFAD mice decreased the cerebral Aβ burden across variants and aggregation state, which was not reproducible in brain endothelial-specific LRP1−/− 5xFAD mice. The peripheral PCSK9 inhibition reduced Aβ pathology in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus–brain areas critically involved in memory processing—and prevented disease-related impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Our data suggest that peripheral inhibition of PCSK9 by already available therapeutic antibodies may be a novel and easily applicable potential AD treatment.
Destructibility and axiomatizability of Kaufmann models
Authors: Switzer Corey Bacal
Published: March 2022

A Kaufmann model is an $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

-like, recursively saturated, rather classless model of $${{\mathsf {P}}}{{\mathsf {A}}}$$

P
A

(or $${{\mathsf {Z}}}{{\mathsf {F}}} $$

Z
F

). Such models were constructed by Kaufmann under the combinatorial principle $$\diamondsuit _{\omega _1}$$

♢

ω
1

and Shelah showed they exist in $$\mathsf {ZFC}$$
ZFC
by an absoluteness argument. Kaufmann models are an important witness to the incompactness of $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

similar to Aronszajn trees. In this paper we look at some set theoretic issues related to this motivated by the seemingly naïve question of whether such a model can be “killed” by forcing without collapsing $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

. We show that the answer to this question is independent of $$\mathsf {ZFC}$$
ZFC
and closely related to similar questions about Aronszajn trees. As an application of these methods we also show that it is independent of $$\mathsf {ZFC}$$
ZFC
whether or not Kaufmann models can be axiomatized in the logic $$L_{\omega _1, \omega } (Q)$$

L

ω
1

,
ω

(
Q
)

where Q is the quantifier “there exists uncountably many”.
Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is superior to active rehabilitation in protecting against further patella dislocations
Authors: Straume-Næsheim Truls Martin , Randsborg Per-Henrik , Mikaelsen Jan Rune , Årøen Asbjørn
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Isolated reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL-R) has become the predominant stabilizing procedure in the treatment of recurrent lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). To minimize the risk of re-dislocations, isolated MPFL-R is recommended in patients with no significant trochlea dysplasia and tibial tuberosity trochlear groove distance < 20 mm on computed tomography (CT). Incidentally, these criteria are the same that are used to identify first time LPD patients where conservative treatment is recommended. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare MPFL-R with active rehabilitation for patients with recurrent LPD (RLPD) in absence of the above mentioned underlying anatomical high-risk factors for further patellar dislocations.

Methods

RLPD-patients aged 12–30 without underlying anatomical high-risk factors for further LPD were randomized into treatment either with isolated MPFL-R or active rehabilitation provided and instructed by a physiotherapist. All patients underwent diagnostic arthroscopy for concomitant problems. The main outcome measure was persistent patellar instability at 12 months. Knee function at baseline and 12 months was asses using the following patient reported outcomes measures (PROMS); KOOS, Kujala, Cincinnati knee rating, Lysholm score and Noyes sports activity rating scale.

Results

Between 2010 and 2019, 61 patients were included in the study (MPFL-R, N = 30, Controls, N = 31). Persistent patellar instability at 12 months was reported by 13 (41.9%) controls, versus 2 (6.7%) in the MPFL-group (RR 6.3 (95% CI 1.5–25.5). No statistically significant differences in activity level were found between the MPFL-group and the Controls at neither baseline nor follow up. The patients with persistent instability at 12 months did not score significantly lower on any of the PROMs compared to their stable peers, regardless of study group.

Conclusion

Patients with recurrent patellar dislocations have a six-fold increased risk of persistent patellar instability if treated with active rehabilitation alone, compared to MPFL-R in combination with active rehabilitation, even in the absence of significant anatomical risk factors. Active rehabilitation of the knee without MPFL-R improves patient reported knee function after one year, but does not protect against persistent patellar instability.

Level of evidence

1.
The impact of levator ani muscle trauma and contraction on recurrence after prolapse surgery
Authors: Nyhus M. Ø. , Mathew S. , Salvesen K. Å. , Volløyhaug I.
Published: March 2022

Introduction and hypothesis

The objective was to explore the impact of levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma and pelvic floor contraction on symptoms and anatomy after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery.

Methods

Prospective study including 200 women with symptomatic POP ≥ grade 2 examined 3 months prior to and 6 months after surgery. Prolapse in each compartment was graded using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system, and women answered yes/no to a question about bulge sensation. Pelvic floor muscle contraction was assessed with transperineal ultrasound measuring proportional change in levator hiatal anteroposterior diameter from rest to contraction. LAM trauma was diagnosed using tomographic ultrasound imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 183 women (92%) completed the study. Anatomical recurrence (POP ≥ grade 2) was found in 76 women (42%), and a bulge sensation was reported by 35 (19%). Ninety-two women (50%) had LAM trauma, and this was associated with increased risk of anatomical recurrence (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.1–4.1), p = 0.022), but not bulge sensation (OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.5–2.4), p = 0.809). We found a reduced risk of bulge sensation for women with absent to weak contraction compared with normal to strong contraction (OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.1–0.9), p = 0.031), but no difference in risk for POP ≥ 2 after surgery (OR 1.5 (95% CI 0.8–2.9), p = 0.223).

Conclusions

Levator ani muscle trauma was associated with increased risk of anatomical failure 6 months after POP surgery. Absent to weak pelvic floor muscle contraction was associated with reduced risk of bulge sensation after surgery.
The Split and Approximate Split Property in 2D Systems: Stability and Absence of Superselection Sectors
Authors: Naaijkens Pieter , Ogata Yoshiko
Published: March 2022

The split property of a pure state for a certain cut of a quantum spin system can be understood as the entanglement between the two subsystems being weak. From this point of view, we may say that if it is not possible to transform a state$$\omega $$ωvia sufficiently local automorphisms (in a sense that we will make precise) into a state satisfying the split property, then the state$$\omega $$ωhas a long-range entanglement. It is well known that in 1D, gapped ground states have the split property with respect to cutting the system into left and right half-chains. In 2D, however, the split property fails to hold for interesting models such as Kitaev’s toric code. Here we show that this failure is the reason that anyons can exist in that model. There is a folklore saying that the existence of anyons, like in the toric code model, implies long-range entanglement of the state. In this paper, we prove this folklore in an infinite dimensional setting. More precisely, we show that long-range entanglement, in a way that we will define precisely, is a necessary condition to have non-trivial superselection sectors. Anyons in particular give rise to such non-trivial sectors. States with the split property for cones, on the other hand, do not admit non-trivial sectors. A key technical ingredient of our proof is that under suitable assumptions on locality, the automorphisms generated by local interactions can be “approximately factorized.” That is, they can be written as the tensor product of automorphisms localized in a cone and its complement respectively, followed by an automorphism acting near the “boundary” of$$\Lambda $$Λ, and conjugation with a unitary. This result may be of independent interest. This technique also allows us to prove that theapproximatesplit property, a weaker version of the split property thatissatisfied in e.g. the toric code, is stable under applying such automorphisms.
Clinical outcomes following intradiscal injections of higher-concentration platelet-rich plasma in patients with chronic lumbar discogenic pain
Authors: Lutz Cole , Cheng Jennifer , Prysak Meredith , Zukofsky Tyler , Rothman Rachel , Lutz Gregory
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes following intradiscal injections of higher-concentration (> 10 ×) platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with chronic lumbar discogenic pain and to compare outcomes with a historical cohort.

Methods

This retrospective study included 37 patients who received intradiscal injections of higher-concentration (> 10 ×) PRP and had post-procedure outcomes data (visual numerical scale pain score, Functional Rating Index [FRI], and NASS Patient Satisfaction Index). Outcomes were compared to a historical cohort of 29 patients who received intradiscal injections of < 5X PRP.

Results

Pain and FRI scores significantly improved by 3.4 ± 2.5 and 46.4 ± 27.6, respectively, at 18.3 ± 13.3 months following intradiscal injections of > 10 × PRP (p < 0.001). These improvements were greater than those reported by the historical cohort (1.7 ± 1.6 and 33.7 ± 12.3; p = 0.004 and 0.016, respectively). Additionally, the satisfaction rate was higher in patients receiving > 10 × PRP compared to those receiving < 5 × PRP (81% vs. 55%; p = 0.032).

Conclusions

Findings from this study suggest that clinical outcomes can be optimized by using PRP preparations that contain a higher concentration of platelets. Further research is needed to continue to optimize the composition of PRP used to treat patients with lumbar disc disease.
Parallel m-dimensional relative ant colony optimization (mDRACO) for the Costas-array problem
Authors: Vulakh David , Finkel Raphael
Published: March 2022

The Costas-array problem is a combinatorial constraint-satisfaction problem (CSP) that remains unsolved for many array sizes greater than 30. In order to reduce the time required to solve large instances, we present an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm called m-Dimensional Relative Ant Colony Optimization ($$m$$
m
DRACO) for combinatorial CSPs, focusing specifically on the Costas-array problem. This paper introduces the optimizations included in $$m$$
m
DRACO, such as map-based association of pheromone with arbitrary-length component sequences and relative path storage. We assess the quality of the resulting $$m$$
m
DRACO framework on the Costas-array problem by computing the efficiency of its processor utilization and comparing its run time to that of an ACO framework without the new optimizations. $$m$$
m
DRACO gives promising results; it has efficiency greater than 0.5 and reduces time-to-first-solution for the $$m = 16$$

m
=
16

Costas-array problem by a factor of over 300.
Prescribed signal concentration on the boundary: eventual smoothness in a chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with logistic proliferation
Authors: Black Tobias , Wu Chunyan
Published: March 2022

We consider chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes systems with logistic proliferation and signal consumption of the form "Equation missing"for parameter choices $$\kappa \ge 0$$

κ
≥
0

and $$\mu >0$$

μ
>
0

. Herein, we moreover impose a nonnegative and time-constant prescribed concentration $$c_\star \in C^2({\overline{\Omega }})$$

c
⋆

∈

C
2

(

Ω
¯

)

for the signal chemical on the boundary of the domain $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{\mathcal {N}}$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

with $${\mathcal {N}}\in \{2,3\}$$

N
∈
{
2
,
3
}

. After first extending the previously known result on time-global existence of weak solutions for the Stokes variant to the full Navier–Stokes setting, we proceed with an investigation of eventual regularity properties in the slightly more restrictive setting of $$c_\star $$

c
⋆

being also constant in space. We show that sufficiently strong logistic influence, in the sense that for $$\omega >0$$

ω
>
0

and $$\mu _0>0$$

μ
0

>
0

there is some $$\eta =\eta (\omega ,\mu _0,c_\star )>0$$

η
=
η
(
ω
,

μ
0

,

c
⋆

)
>
0

with the property that whenever $$\begin{aligned} \mu _0\le \mu \quad \text {and}\quad \frac{\kappa }{\min \{\mu ,\mu ^{\frac{{\mathcal {N}}+6}{6}+\omega }\}}<\eta \end{aligned}$$

μ
0

≤
μ

and

κ

min
{
μ
,

μ

N
+
6

6

+
ω

}

<
η

are satisfied the global weak solution eventually becomes a smooth and classical solution with waiting time depending on $$\omega ,\mu _0,\eta ,c_\star $$

ω
,

μ
0

,
η
,

c
⋆

and the initial data.
Global higher integrability for minimisers of convex obstacle problems with (p,q)-growth
Authors: Koch Lukas
Published: March 2022

We prove global $$W^{1,q}(\Omega ,{\mathbb {R}}^N)$$

W

1
,
q

(
Ω
,

R

N

)

-regularity for minimisers of $${{\mathscr {F}}(u)=\int _\Omega F(x,Du)\,{\mathrm{d}}x}$$

F

(
u
)

=

∫
Ω

F

(
x
,
D
u
)

d
x

satisfying $$u\ge \psi $$

u
≥
ψ

for a given Sobolev obstacle $$\psi $$
ψ
. $$W^{1,q}(\Omega ,{\mathbb {R}}^N)$$

W

1
,
q

(
Ω
,

R

N

)

regularity is also proven for minimisers of the associated relaxed functional. Our main assumptions on F(x, z) are a uniform $$\alpha $$
α
-Hölder continuity assumption in x and natural (p, q)-growth conditions in z with $$q<\frac{(n+\alpha )p}{n}$$

q
<

(
n
+
α
)
p

n

. In the autonomous case $$F\equiv F(z)$$

F
≡
F
(
z
)

we can improve the gap to $$q<\min \left( \frac{np}{n-1},p+1\right) $$

q
<
min

np

n
-
1

,
p
+
1

, a result new even in the unconstrained case.
P4 Medicine as a model for precision periodontal care
Authors: Bartold P. Mark , Ivanovski Sašo
Published: March 2022

Objectives

P4 Medicine is based on a proactive approach for clinical patient care incorporating the four “pillars” of prediction, prevention, personalization, and participation for patient management. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how the concepts of P4 medicine can be incorporated into the management of periodontal diseases (particularly periodontitis) termed P4 periodontics.

Methods

This is a narrative review that used current literature to explore how P4 periodontics can be aligned with the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases, current periodontal treatment paradigms, and periodontal regenerative technologies.

Results

The proposed model of P4 periodontics is highly aligned with the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and represents a logical extension of this classification into treatment paradigms. Each stage of periodontitis can be related to a holistic approach to clinical management. The role of “big data” in future P4 periodontics is discussed and the concepts of a treat-to-target focus for treatment outcomes are proposed as part of personalized periodontics. Personalized regenerative and rejuvenative periodontal therapies will refocus our thinking from risk management to regenerative solutions to manage the effects of disease and aging.

Conclusions

P4 Periodontics allows us to focus not only on early prevention and intervention but also allow for personalized late-stage reversal of the disease trajectory and the use of personalized regenerative procedures to reconstruct damaged tissues and restore them to health.

Clinical Significance

P4 Periodontics is a novel means of viewing a holistic, integrative, and proactive approach to periodontal treatment.
Innovation through internationalization: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Du Jian , Zhu Shan , Li Wen Helena
Published: March 2022

In this paper we perform a systematic literature review of the diverse and somewhat fragmented current state of research on firms’ internationalization and innovation. We analyze 207 key works from 1989 through 2020 and synthesize them into an internationalization process framework that conceptually maps key internationalization-related antecedents and moderators that influence innovation behaviors and outcomes. Through an internationalization process framework, we categorize existing relevant studies into three key stages: (a) the pre-internationalization stage, (b) the internationalization entry stage, and (c) the post-internationalization stage. Furthermore, we review how firms’ various strategic decisions and operations in different stages influence their innovations by elaborating the moderating role of external country/region institutions and firm internal characteristics. Building on this review, we provide suggestions for future research to advance the developments of this domain.
The role of organic matter and microbial community controlling nitrate reduction under elevated ferrous iron concentrations in boreal lake sediments
Authors: Jäntti Helena , Jilbert Tom , Aalto Sanni L. , Simojoki Asko , Mangayil Rahul , Peura Sari , Rissanen Antti J.
Published: March 2022

The nitrogen availability, that affects the greenhouse gas emission and the trophic level of lakes, is controlled mainly by microbial processes. We measured in a boreal nitrate and iron rich lake how the rates of potential denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) are affected by degradability of organic matter and availability of aqueous ferrous iron. We also investigated the microbial community by using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach, which allows taxonomic analyses and detection of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) containing genes for both nitrate reduction and iron oxidation. The results show that truncated denitrification, leading to release of nitrous oxide, is favored over dinitrogen production in conditions where the degradability of the organic matter is low. DNRA rates were always minor compared to denitrification and appeared to be independent of the degradability of organic carbon. Reduced iron stimulated nitrate reducing processes, although consistently only DNRA. However, the proportion of MAGs containing DNRA genes was low suggesting chemistry driven stimulation by reduced iron. Nevertheless, the metagenomic analyses revealed unique taxa genetically capable of oxidizing iron and reducing nitrate simultaneously. Overall, the results highlight the spatial variability in microbial community and nitrous oxide emissions in boreal lake sediments.
Sinks for plant surplus carbon explain several ecological phenomena
Authors: Prescott Cindy E.
Published: March 2022

Plants engage in many processes and relationships that appear to be wasteful of the high-energy compounds that they produce through carbon fixation and photosynthesis. For example, living trees keep leafless tree stumps alive (i.e. respiring) and support shaded understory trees by sharing carbohydrates through root grafts or mycorrhizal fungal networks. Plants exude a diverse array of organic compounds from their roots and leaves, which support abundant rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiomes. Some plants release substantial amounts of sugar via extra-floral nectaries, which enrich throughfall and alter lichen communities beneath the canopy. Large amounts of photosynthetically fixed carbon are transferred to root associates such as mycorrhizal fungi and N-fixing micro-organisms. Plants also respire fixed C through an alternative pathway that does not generate ATP. Rates of each of these processes appear to be highest when plants are growing under mild-to-moderate deficiencies of nutrients or water. During this stage of deficiency, aboveground plant growth is curtailed more than photosynthesis, causing leaves to produce surplus carbohydrates. Each of the above phenomena provide a sink for these surplus carbohydrates, thereby preventing feedback inhibition of photosynthesis, and perpetuating the influx of C. Because these processes incur little cost to the source plant, they need not provide a benefit beyond the removal of surplus carbohydrates.
On the Mechanism of Steel Homogenization via Rare Earth Addition: Experimental Characterization and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Cao Yanfei , Miao Yangyang , Li Dianzhong , Chen Yun , Fu Paixian , Liu Hongwei , Kang Xiuhong , Liu Hanghang , Sun Chen
Published: March 2022

Macrosegregation is one of the most typical defects during solidification which greatly limits the mechanical properties of the key steel components. Oxygen and its inclusion have been considered to cause the compositional heterogeneity in solidifying steel besides the thermo-solutal convection. However, it is still not clear how to robustly reduce the oxygen and inclusion and consequently macrosegregation in widely used steels. Here, we reported the mechanism to homogenize the steel via Rare Earth (RE) addition. A series of experimental characterizations of 3-ton bearing steel ingots demonstrated that RE is able to decrease the oxygen content and inclusions to a lower level than the conventional Al-deoxidation process. The common oxide and sulfide can be modified into spherical or ellipsoidal RE2O2S with a dispersed distribution. The multi-component/multi-phase macrosegregation simulations show that the larger size and population of RE2O2S are required to trigger channel segregation in RE steel due to its higher density compared to the alumina-based inclusions. The theoretical calculation reveals that the critical oxygen content in RE steel to eliminate channel segregation is dramatically increased into 20 ppm, which indicates a lower risk of destabilization of mushy zone and initiation of channel segregation in RE steel. In addition, the global macrosegregation severity is reduced in RE steel. Such conclusion is fully validated in larger 9.5-ton and 100-ton steel ingots. In terms of the interaction between inclusion motion, fluid flow, and solidification, this study elucidates the mechanism of RE to reduce macrosegregation for the first time, and highlights an economic, common, and controllable method to fabricate homogenized steel by RE addition.
Petrochemistry and Oxygen Isotope of Karimati (L5) Chondrite, a 2009 Fall in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ray D. , Panda D.K. , Arora G. , Ghosh S. , Murty S.V.S. , Chakraborty S.
Published: March 2022

Karimati, a single stone, weighing ~1 kg, fell on the mid-day of May 28, 2009, in Karimati village, Tahsil Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on textures and mineralogy, Karimati is classified as brecciated, L5 (S2), ordinary chondrite. Petrologically, the chemical group, L has been assigned based on the typical mean compositions of olivine (Fa:25.5) and low-Ca pyroxene (Fs:21.6). The bulk chemical composition also resembles L chondrite as Mg/Si ratio ~0.82. Finally, the oxygen isotopic ratios of bulk meteorite sample yielded δ17O (+3.78%o and +4.07%o) and δ18O (+4.95%o and +5.52%o), respectively further confirmed Karimati as L-chondrite. The Karimati appears to have been subjected to single fragmentation in the atmospheric flight and it is evident from similar characters of all the lateral faces except the base of the pyramid in terms of its uniform colour, homogeneous fusion crust and shallow regmaglypts. The metamorphic equilibration temperature for Karimati chondrite using two different thermometers (olivine-chromite and two pyroxene thermometry) has been estimated and ranges 655°C and 770°C, respectively with a mean value of ~710°C and corresponds to the Type 5 thermal equilibration event.
Factors Controlling the Distribution of Agglutinated Foraminiferal Morphogroups as Palaeoenvironmental Tracers in the Kharga Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Orabi Orabi H. , Malarkodi N. , Zahran E.
Published: March 2022

The present authors used the scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy methodology as a standard approach for micropaleontological studies to detect test internal morphological and compositional features of agglutinated foraminifera grains collected from Maastrichtian-Paleogene of the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt.

Five main morphogroups dominate Lower Kharga Member,the mixture of infaunal and epifaunal morphogroups indicating mesotrophic conditions during that time.All evolving new species found in the Early Paleocene are small and species richness remains low with small simple test morphologies resembling the under zone CF3 with a new appearance of morphogroup epifaunal flattened planispiral.

Zone CF3 of Lower Kharga Member is characterized by the appearances of small-sized Trochammina which are associated with stressful environmental conditions. Zone P1c of the Upper Kharga Member is characterized by high percentages of calcareous agglutinated foraminifera and abundance of granular calcite and hyaline tests, which explained a sufficient quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in the water and warm water basin. The strong decrease in diversity and heterogeneity of the assemblages, as well as the drastic drop in the number of infaunal elongated morphogroup coincident with the hiatus between CF3 and P1c (Maastrichtian/Danian boundary), indicate a dramatic decrease in the food supply to the sea-bottom floor.
Stream Sediment Geochemical Survey of Rare Earth Elements in and Around Daringbadi, Kandhamal District, Odisha
Authors: Patel D.K.
Published: March 2022

There are number of Rare Earth Element (REE) bearing minerals, which get into the stream sediment by weathering of host rock.A chemical analysis of the stream sediment samples help to delineate the source rock, as they represent the composition of the drainage basin. So with main objective to identify new prospective areas for possible occurrences of mineral deposits on the basis these stream sediment samples, Geological Survey of India launched a national geochemical mapping programme in 2001. During the FS 2018-19 geochemical mapping was carried out in and around Daringbadi, Kandhamal district, Odisha in parts of toposheet no. 74A01. To study the distribution of REE group of elements in the stream sediment samples of the study area, 364 nos. of stream sediment/slope wash samples were collected on 1km x 1km grid interval constituting 91 nos. of composite samples.The collected samples were processed and analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in GCM Lab, GSI, ER, Kolkata. Analytical results of composite and Soil samples shows that in the study area average value of ∑REE is 666.81 ppm and higher concentration is found in the central part of the study area near Daringbadi village over granite gneiss, khondalite and charnockite rocks. Elements such as Pb and Zr have average concentration 3 to 3.5 times higher than the average UCC value which may be due to the presence of charnockite.
EU Enlargement in Disregard of the Rule of Law: A Way Forward Following the Unsuccessful Dispute Settlement Between Croatia and Slovenia and the Name Change of Macedonia
Authors: Basheska Elena
Published: March 2022

EU enlargement has always been a political process. That said, the rule of law is an important aspect and principle of the EU enlargement policy. Implementation of EU driven reforms in candidate countries largely depends on the rule of law-based enlargement as well as on a clear EU perspective. Overpoliticisation of the enlargement process renders the EU’s enlargement law futile and undermines both the transformative effect of the pre-accession process and EU’s own values. The implementation of the enlargement condition for settlement of bilateral disputes, which became pronounced in the EU enlargement towards the Western Balkan countries, is having the negative effect of contributing to deterioration rather than promotion of the rule of law in both EU candidate countries and the EU’s enlargement process. Lack of predictability and rule of law accordingly, makes the effective application of the principle of conditionality impossible. A genuine reconsideration of the condition for settlement of bilateral disputes within the EU enlargement framework, clear EU perspective and viable way forward are urgently needed for bringing rule of law and the EU’s credibility on track.
Linking Gains to Wrongs
Authors: Gilboa Maytal
Published: March 2022

This article provides a theoretical and doctrinal explanation of how the but-for test links gains to the wrong that produced them. Gain-based damages cases focus on the gain resulting from the defendant’s tortious behaviour. In these cases, the contrastive aspect of the but-for test, requiring the factfinder to consider the hypothetical result that would have occurred had the right thing happened instead of the defendant’s wrongdoing, is not confined to the question of reasonability, as it is in negligence cases. Rather, in gain-based damages cases, the factfinder faces the open-ended normative task of determining the hypothetically appropriate scenario that contrasts with the wrongdoing that happened in reality. For this reason, in gain-based damages cases, the normative sensitivity of the but-for test is revealed in full. The article explains how this sensitivity influences the result of the but-for test expressing the amount of gain causally attributed to the defendant’s wrongdoing.
Ergodicity of Iwasawa continued fractions via markable hyperbolic geodesics
Authors: LUKYANENKO ANTON , VANDEHEY JOSEPH
Published: March 2022

We prove the convergence and ergodicity of a wide class of real and higher-dimensional continued fraction algorithms, including folded and$\alpha $-type variants of complex, quaternionic, octonionic, and Heisenberg continued fractions, which we combine under the framework of Iwasawa continued fractions. The proof is based on the interplay of continued fractions and hyperbolic geometry, the ergodicity of geodesic flow in associated modular manifolds, and a variation on the notion of geodesic coding that we refer to as geodesic marking. As a corollary of our study of markable geodesics, we obtain a generalization of Serret’s tail-equivalence theorem for almost all points. The results are new even in the case of some real and complex continued fractions.
Le potentiel de croissance du Parti québécois : L'envers du vote
Authors: Dufresne Yannick , Bibeau Alexis , Bodet Marc André , Bouchard Joanie , Kilibarda Anja
Published: March 2022

Cette note de recherche a deux objectifs. Premièrement, nous présentons l'index relatif de confiance (IRC), une nouvelle mesure du potentiel de croissance et de la solidité du vote basée sur la probabilité exprimée par les électeurs de voter pour l'ensemble des partis dans leur circonscription. Nous nous penchons en détail sur les avantages de l'IRC et montrons qu'il permet d’évaluer le potentiel de croissance et la solidité du vote des partis politiques au niveau des circonscriptions et au niveau provincial. Deuxièmement, nous appliquons cet index au cas du Parti québécois à l'aide d’échantillons de grandes tailles récoltés pendant les campagnes électorales québécoises de 2012, 2014, et 2018. Cela nous permet d'illustrer et de tirer des constats sur le potentiel de croissance du Parti québécois.
Global landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and data sharing
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Azman Andrew S. , Chen Xinhua , Zou Junyi , Tian Yuyang , Sun Ruijia , Xu Xiangyanyu , Wu Yani , Lu Wanying , Ge Shijia , Zhao Zeyao , Yang Juan , Leung Daniel T. , Domman Daryl B. , Yu Hongjie
Published: March 2022

Genomic surveillance has shaped our understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. We performed a global landscape analysis on SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and genomic data using a collection of country-specific data. Here, we characterize increasing circulation of the Alpha variant in early 2021, subsequently replaced by the Delta variant around May 2021. SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and sequencing availability varied markedly across countries, with 45 countries performing a high level of routine genomic surveillance and 96 countries with a high availability of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. We also observed a marked heterogeneity of sequencing percentage, sequencing technologies, turnaround time and completeness of released metadata across regions and income groups. A total of 37% of countries with explicit reporting on variants shared less than half of their sequences of variants of concern (VOCs) in public repositories. Our findings indicate an urgent need to increase timely and full sharing of sequences, the standardization of metadata files and support for countries with limited sequencing and bioinformatics capacity.
MMP-7 marks severe pancreatic cancer and alters tumor cell signaling by proteolytic release of ectodomains
Authors: Van Doren Steven R.
Published: March 2022

Pancreatic cancer incurs the worst survival rate of the major cancers. High levels of the protease matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in circulation correlate with poor prognosis and limited survival of patients. MMP-7 is required for a key path of pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice and is present throughout tumor progression. Enhancements to chemotherapies are needed for increasing the number of pancreatic tumors that can be removed and for preventing relapses after surgery. With these ends in mind, selective inhibition of MMP-7 may be worth investigation. An anti-MMP-7 monoclonal antibody was recently shown to increase the susceptibility of several pancreatic cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutics, increase their apoptosis, and decrease their migration. MMP-7 activities are most apparent at the surfaces of innate immune, epithelial, and tumor cells. Proteolytic shedding of multiple protein ectodomains by MMP-7 from such cell surfaces influence apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and invasion. These activities warrant targeting of MMP-7 selectively in pancreatic cancer and other tumors of mucosal epithelia. Competitive and non-competitive modes of MMP-7 inhibition are discussed.
PIDD1 in cell cycle control, sterile inflammation and cell death
Authors: Weiler Elias S. , Szabo Tamas G. , Garcia-Carpio Irmina , Villunger Andreas
Published: March 2022

The death fold domain-containing protein PIDD1 has recently attracted renewed attention as a regulator of the orphan cell death-related protease, Caspase-2. Caspase-2 can activate p53 to promote cell cycle arrest in response to centrosome aberrations, and its activation requires formation of the PIDDosome multi-protein complex containing multimers of PIDD1 and the adapter RAIDD/CRADD at its core. However, PIDD1 appears to be able to engage with multiple client proteins to promote an even broader range of biological responses, such as NF-κB activation, translesion DNA synthesis or cell death. PIDD1 shows features of inteins, a class of self-cleaving proteins, to create different polypeptides from a common precursor protein that allow it to serve these diverse functions. This review summarizes structural information and molecular features as well as recent experimental advances that highlight the potential pathophysiological roles of this unique death fold protein to highlight its drug-target potential.
Can You See My Screen? Virtual Assessment in Speech and Language
Authors: Peña Elizabeth D. , Sutherland Rebecca
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

This introduction presents the
LSHSS
Forum: Can You See My Screen? Virtual Assessment in Speech and Language. The goals of the forum are to document reliability and validity of assessment results conducted virtually, identify characteristics of measures that are suitable for online assessment, and provide clinical and research guidance for interpreting diagnostic results obtained in virtual settings.

Method:

In this introduction, we provide an overview of the research completed by nine teams, who submitted research articles and notes on a variety of topics pertinent to the theme of telehealth assessments. Of these, seven teams investigated the validity and reliability of 14 different assessment tools, while two teams described training and experience issues.

Conclusion:

The nine studies presented in this forum will provide speech-language pathologists with insight into a range of issues regarding telehealth assessment, including the breadth of suitable assessment tools; practical strategies for assessing children with a diverse range of ages, languages, skills, and abilities; and the unexpected challenges and opportunities of conducting clinical work and research during a global pandemic.
Robust MPC for tracking changing setpoints in discrete‐time non‐linear systems with non‐additive unknown disturbance
Authors: Zamani Abbas , Bolandi Hossein
Published: March 2022

This paper develops a novel observer‐based robust tracking predictive controller for discrete‐time nonlinear affine systems capable of dealing with changing setpoints and non‐additive non‐slowly varying unknown disturbance with bounded variations. The existence of disturbance and/or sudden changes in a setpoint may lead to feasibility and stability issues in the stabilizing terminal constraint‐based MPC. Since robust tracking MPCs usually consider additive disturbance, the recursive feasibility of these methods may be lost in the presence of non‐additive non‐slowly varying disturbance. The robust tracking MPC presented here extends the artificial reference‐based MPC to deal with both changing setpoints and non‐additive non‐slowly varying disturbance. The key idea is the addition of tightened input and state constraints as new system constraints. The authors also guarantee the boundedness of disturbance observation error and closed‐loop tracking error. In this method, the optimal tracking error converges asymptotically to the terminal region, and the perturbed system tracking error remains in a variable size tube around the optimal tracking error. It is shown that the proposed controller can achieve offset‐free tracking in the presence of constant disturbance. The simulation results of the satellite attitude control system are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed predictive controller.
An end‐to‐end perceptual enhancement method for UHD portrait images
Authors: Yang Ying , Yang Mengning , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2022

Advances in equipment enable photographers to take ultra‐high‐definition (UHD) photos, and photo retouching enables them to create an impressive image by artistically adjusting and enhancing the brightness, color etc. However, such image enhancement is an artistic and challenging task, which requires a lot of relevant experience and technology. Thus, using an automated algorithm is an attractive option. In recent years, deep learning has made great progress in image processing, which motivated the authors to explore this application in UHD image enhancement task. In this paper, an end‐to‐end perceptual enhancement method for UHD portrait images is proposed. Since the artistry of images comes from human perception, including the perception of exposure, structure, color etc., an image preprocessing method is proposed which can help the network learn the brightness change from the original image to the target image more accurately. Then, a composite perceptual loss function is proposed that combines global, structural, and color losses. This loss allows the network to simultaneously optimize the distance and perceptual similarity to a given target image during back‐propagation. To preserve the details of the UHD image and reduce the number of network calculations and parameters, a Perceptual Enhancement Network (called PEN) based on dilated convolution is proposed. Extensive experiments on the datasets show that the method excels in baselines in both subjective and objective evaluations.
Psychomotricité et émergence de la représentation
Authors: Orjubin Jean-Marc
Published: March 2022

Cet article cherche à rendre compte de la pertinence de la thérapeutique psychomotrice près d’enfants suivis en pédopsychiatrie, dans l’appropriation des étapes nécessaires à la genèse de la représentation. L’intérêt de la clinique psychomotrice se fonde sur une acceptation de la complexité interrogeant de façon permanente et essentielle les liens entre corps, pensée et relation. La place du psychomotricien dans ce contexte est celle d’être un véritable « sujet médiateur », réceptacle et transformateur de la forme singulière et fondatrice de l’interrelation, celle du dialogue tonique, émotionnel et affectif. C’est dans le soutien et l’élaboration de ce dialogue corporo-psychique, véritable matrice identificatoire, que surviennent les prémices des représentations naissantes, permettant à l’enfant d’accéder progressivement au sentiment « d’être-soi ».
Les néologismes psychotiques
Authors: Brémaud Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Depuis Snell (1852) de très nombreux psychiatres et psychanalystes se sont interrogés sur les néologismes psychotiques. Classiquement ils sont subdivisés en néologismes passifs et en néologismes actifs (Lefèvre, Séglas), suivant en cela un processus « automatique » ou un processus « volontaire ». Le mot inventé, selon Séglas, « dit tout », autrement dit, « dit tout » de la pensée délirante du sujet, comme s’il en venait condenser, synthétiser les éléments, s’imposant dès lors comme une évidence. Aussi le néologisme aurait-il un « poids » suffisant qui permettrait au sujet de s’en contenter et de n’avoir plus rien à expliquer. Au-delà de cette singularité du langage, au-delà du seul aspect sémiologique et de son intérêt pour le diagnostic différentiel, nous verrons que le néologisme s’impose en quelque sorte de l’« extérieur », et s’impose parfois comme une nécessité. C’est dire qu’il ne peut simplement être un « signe » pour le clinicien, et qu’il ne peut endosser le vêtement du déficit. Bien au contraire, cette création, cette invention même, doit bien avoir une fonction pour le sujet. Ce sont des mots ou expressions qui sortent du langage commun, qui se séparent de la langue dite « maternelle », qui doivent être distingués du mot d’esprit, et qui mettent en relief le rapport singulier du sujet à son Autre, qui ont en certains cas (schizophrénie) une fonction de régulation dans le rapport à l’Autre, à la jouissance, et à la pensée même du délirant, dont la réalité, le rapport au monde, pourrait sans ce soutien partir à la dérive.