bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Urine Samples from Female Patients Suffering From Urinary Tract Infection at Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Vidya KR  , Manjunath Meghana , Lohit K  , Prashanth HV
Published: June 2021

Introduction:  The frequency of bacteria affecting urinary tract and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern vary from one territory to another. This study was conducted to determine spectrum of bacterial isolates causing UTI and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern among female patients attending tertiary care center

Materials and Methods: A total of 577 female urine culture sensitivity reports (CS) were collected. The culture was done by inoculation by standard loop technique. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for identified bacteria was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Infection rates were similar up to reproductive age group with no significant difference between gram-positive (GP) and gram-negative organisms (GN) but post reproductive age group suffered more from GN. The most commonly infecting organism was Staphylococci followed by Escherichia coli showing resistance in >50% tests to cephalosporins, penicillin and fluoroquinolones. All antibiotics are showing resistance from one or the other organisms.

Conclusion: The commonly infecting bacteria are developing resistance to regularly used antibiotics raising concerns of cross resistance and selection of antibiotics. This warrants due diligence by all stakeholders, including public-health authorities, health care providers, policymakers and even the public to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance.
Harris Extended Power Lomax Distribution: Properties, Inference and Applications
Authors: Ogunde Adebisi Ade , Eshomomoh Laoye Victoria , Ezichi Ogbonnaya Nzie , Balogun Kayode Oguntuase
Published: June 2021

In this work, we present a five-parameter life time distribution called Harris power Lomax (HPL)  distribution which is obtained by convoluting the Harris-G distribution and the Power Lomax distribution. When compared to the existing distributions, the new distribution exhibits a very flexible probability functions; which may be increasing, decreasing, J, and reversed J shapes been observed for the probability density and hazard rate functions. The structural properties of the new distribution are studied in detail which includes: moments, incomplete moment, Renyl entropy, order statistics, Bonferroni curve, and Lorenz curve etc. The HPL  distribution parameters are estimated by using the method of maximum likelihood. Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to investigate the performance of MLEs. Aircraft wind shield data and Glass fibre data applications demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model.
Bennett, Karen; Queiroz de Barros, Rita (ed.). Hybrid Englishes and the Challenges of and for Translation: Identity, Mobility and Language Change
Authors: Martínez Pleguezuelos Antonio J.
Published: June 2021

Bennett, Karen; Queiroz de Barros, Rita (ed.).Hybrid Englishes and the Challenges of and for Translation: Identity, Mobility and Language ChangeLondres / Nueva York: Routledge, 2019, 238 p.ISBN 978-1-138-30740-7
Piano in the land of unsaid love – musical contexts of emotional lives of married female characters in Thomas Mann’s Buddenbrooks
and Sándor Márai’s Embers
Authors: Roguska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

In The Sorrows of Young Werther, an epistolary novel by J.W. Goethe, we can find a literary portrait of a beloved woman playing a keyboard instrument. This is the motif Adam Mickiewicz referred to in his Dziady, Part 4. Both texts describe unrequited love to a woman belonging to another man.
Belles-lettres reflect repertoire issues – at the turn of the 19th century girls from a proper home performed simple pieces, often dances. Subsequent decades of the 19th century came with the development of piano methodics, and composers wrote pieces which today constitute part of concert canon, whereas the piano became the perfect musical tool.
The plot of Thomas Mann’s Buddenbrooks is set in the second half of the 19th century. Music plays an important role in that novel. Mann depicts the problem of clashing views in the marriage of Thomas, who was fond of “pretty melodies”, and Gerda, a magnificent violin and piano player who performed ambitious compositions and showed no mercy in criticising her husband’s musical taste. An important motif is the appearance of a young officer who visits Gerda in order to perform chamber works together. Thomas fears the mysterious bond between his wife and the lieutenant on the one hand and people’s opinions on the other.
The motif of music as a platform for communication between a man and a woman can also be found in the novel Embers by Sándor Márai. Here as well it is a connection unavailable to the husband of the main heroine. At the end of his life, Henri, Christine’s husband, refers to music as the “melodious and obscure language” which allows “certain people” to communicate. Both novels include the motif of the end of an era and death of the characters for whom music was extremely significant and who performed compositions of the highest artistic value. Texts by Mann and Márai reflect a decline of a certain stage in the history of culture. It is also the end of the typical ways how burgesses and aristocrats spent their leisure time, how they treated the sphere of emotions and communed with the widely understood art. The result of these changes is the dethronement of the piano, which no longer was one of the most important pieces of furniture in a drawing room nor the most important instrument – as it used to be in the 19th century culture.
Effects of Design Quality on Delay in Residential Construction Projects
Authors: Mahamid Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

This study is conducted to establish the effect of design quality on project delay in building projects. It aims at: 1) investigating the major factors of design quality, 2) identifying the main delay factors in building projects, 2) establishing the relationship between design quality and delay in building projects. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey is performed. Seventeen (17) factors that might affect design quality, and 15 delay factors are listed in a questionnaire form. Sixty (60) contractors and 40 consultants are asked to identify the severity of the identified factors. Results indicate that the top factors affecting design quality are: delay in payments by client for design services, staff allocation for many projects at the same time, copying and modifying from previous work to minimize time and cost, tight design schedule, lack of designer knowledge with techniques and materials available in the market. The study also concludes that the top five delay factors include: payments delay, poor labor productivity, lack of skilled manpower, frequent change orders and rework. Regression analysis for data collected from 36 building projects shows a good correlation between design quality and delay in projects. This study is the first one that addresses the problem of design quality in the West Bank in Palestine. Furthermore, it is the first study that addresses the effect of design quality on project delay in Palestine and the neighboring countries. It is hoped to be helpful for researchers and professionals to understand the impact of design quality on schedule delay.
Political Economy of Straw Houses: Traditional and Contemporary Way of Enhancing Sustainability of the Buildings
Authors: Sertyesilisik Egemen , Yilmaz Seyma , Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: June 2021

Cities, as production and consumption hubs, cause significant amount of global CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Climate change challenges world’s welfare due to the global warming. Cities’ environmental footprint can be reduced with the help of energy efficient and sustainable built environment which can further contribute to the wellbeing and welfare of the urban population contributing to the solution of the fuel poverty. Straw is a traditional and contemporary material having outstanding technical characteristics (e.g. thermal insulation). Straw is a traditional material as it has been used in sheltering starting from the ancient times. Straw is a contemporary material as it is used even in small buildings with the help of innovations. Furthermore, it is a cost effective material from initial investment as well as maintenance and repair aspects. Straw houses can reduce energy consumption. This can reduce countries’ trade deficit due to the reduced demand for energy import, contributing to the solution of the fuel poverty. Straw is environmental friendly natural material. Constructing straw houses is important for sustainable living. Giving importance to the straw house construction can help reduction in the CO2 emission and in the energy consumption. Based on an in-depth literature review, this paper investigates political economy of straw houses and straw houses’ contribution to the sustainability performance of the built environment. This paper introduces to the literature political economy of the straw houses and provides recommendations on how to widespread the use of straw houses.
Bypass in Urban Space: Creative Scenarios
Authors: Sari Tuba , Aras Aylin , Yılmaz Sıddı Zeynep
Published: June 2021

Considering functional and experiential congestion in Kadıköy, the paper deals with the concept of “Bypass in Urban Space” in the context of the user-centred design. The case study is limited with the axis extending from Söğütlüçeşme and General Asım Gündüz Street which is connected to the main artery. Kadıköy, as one of the rapidly growing and transforming urban centres in Istanbul, reflects variable traumas in terms of human-environment behaviour relationships. A research model is developed to identify these traumas and produce a solution through bypassing the congestion in the area. Within the scope of the study, it is aimed to contribute to the dynamic structure of the city by creating new functional experience spaces in the capillary streets. On the other hand, it is aimed to design the spaces that lead the user to stop and perceive the environment beyond its transition function of the main artery within the dense pedestrian and vehicle traffic.
By the research model, it is suggested multi-functional creative scenarios through the problems and hypotheses identified within the framework of the user-environment connection. Environmental and behavioural research, conceptual readings, sketch of ideas and visualization of conceptual studies, the designer scenarios are the main phases of the research as well as developing a proposal within the scope of contribution to the field. Most of design solutions analyses several dynamics such as bypass, main artery, in-between space, spatial conjunction, integration in urban space. So, it is aimed to design integrative mobile spaces for continuity of user-environment relationship beyond establishing a physical and visual connection.
Intraoperative Hypotension Increased Risk in the Oncological Patient
Authors: Mohammad Shehata Islam , Elhassan Amir , Alejandro Munoz David , Okereke Bryan , Cornett Elyse M. , Varrassi Giustino , Imani Farnad , Kaye Alan David , Sehat-Kashani Saloome , Urits Ivan , Viswanath Omar
Published: June 2021

: Patient safety advocacy involves avoiding, preventing, and amelioration of adverse outcomes or injuries caused by the process of healthcare rather than a patient's underlying medical illness. Intraoperative hypotension (IOH), a common morbid event, reduces perfusion to critical organs and tissues and has a wide incidence, depending on how it is defined. IOH has adverse intraoperative and postoperative consequences, which make its prevention important to improve patient outcomes. Certain populations have even greater consequences related to IOH, and clinicians must understand these risks. In this narrative review, we examine the risk of intraoperative hypotension in the oncological patient population.
Disclosure Experiences and Challenges Among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria-A Review of the Literature
Authors: Okolo-Francis Nzube Pauline , Victor-Ogie Uyinonijesu Diamond , Ibrahim Abdulmumin , Oladunni Amos Abimbola , Odey Goodness Ogeyi , Osadolor Uyioghosa Benedo , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo
Published: June 2021

Context: Disclosure of HIV positive infection status in children and Adolescents is multifaceted and should take into consideration their age, psychosocial maturity, cultural and clinical context. This study was conducted to examine disclosure experiences and challenges among children and ALWHA in Nigeria. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted narrative review of relevant literatures by searching PubMed, Google scholar and Medscape using predetermined keywords. Results: Findings are presented under themes of process of disclosure and age of disclosure, reasons and challenges of disclosure, reactions and responses to disclosure, consistent with various authors. This study shows that the mean age and reasons for HIV positive status disclosure are variable. Disclosure was mostly executed at home and mostly carried out by parents or caregivers of HIV-infected children. Reactions of children and ALWHA upon disclosure was mainly negative and ranged from feeling of anger to expression of shock to feeling of sadness and to crying. Barriers to HIV-positive status disclosure among caregivers were perceived sense immaturity and age of the child, fear of stigma, fear of child’s inability to cope, fear of blaming the parents and refusal to take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. While caregivers highlighted several factors that affect disclosure of HIV status to children and adolescents, this study reveals both positive and negative impact on their emotions. Conclusions: It is of note that approach to disclosure is critical, therefore caregivers and healthcare workers should be properly trained and supported with resources required to effectively carry out disclosure. There is need for continuous research to understand and develop age and culture specific approaches to disclosure in children and adolescents in Nigeria.
Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance of Shigella Species in Iran During 2000-2020
Authors: Moradi Farhad , Hadi Nahal , Akbari Maryam , Hashemizadeh Zahra , Rouhi Jahromi Reyhaneh
Published: June 2021

Context: Numerous studies have shown the high frequency and antibiotic-resistant patterns of Shigella species in different provinces of Iran. In this study, we performed a comprehensive review from 2000 to 2020 in Iran to describe the prevalence rate and antibiotic-resistant patterns of S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, and S. boydii. Evidence Acquisition: We systematically searched the biomedical databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, and Web of Science for related articles published in English or Persian. Finally, out of 70 articles, 34 studies were included in the study. Results: From 44,292 clinical specimens, 2,742 cases were introduced as positive samples for Shigella species in Iran during 2000-2020. Also, S. sonnei (n = 1484, 54.1%) was the predominant species in Iran, followed by S. flexneri (n = 1100, 40.1%), S. dysenteriae (n = 80,3%), and S. boydii (n = 78, 2.8%). These Shigella species showed maximum resistance to ampicillin (n = 1759, 64%-96%), cotrimoxazole (n = 1220, 87%-100%), nalidixic acid (n = 649, 10%-82%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 459, 80%-98.5%), cefotaxime (n = 410, 53%-63%), and tetracycline (n = 386, 36%-94%). No resistances were found against imipenem, meropenem, cefoxitin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, azithromycin, and amoxicillin. Also, 308 and 359 cases were introduced as multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing species, respectively. Conclusions: Evaluation of endemic shigellosis and antibiotic-resistant patterns through epidemiological studies are necessary to promote infection control strategies. These data may be useful to avoid empirical treatment, revise treatment guidelines, and decrease antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. in human societies.
An Institutionalist Reframing of the Religion and Public Reason Debate
Authors: Chaplin Jonathan ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: June 2021

Responding to the preceding four articles, this piece presents a theologically-informed ‘institutionalist’ perspective on the debate within political liberalism over religion and public reason. Institutionalism calls for greater attention to the normative purpose and structural design of political institutions in order better to frame what political deliberation in a liberal democracy should look like. Eschewing any ‘idealization’ of citizens, and favouring an ‘argumentative’ account of democratic deliberation, it explores what public reasoning should consist in when viewed as an empirical practice occurring within actual political institutions. Five features of my account of institutionalism are outlined, followed by three implications of that account for the religion and public reason debate.
Two new species of Sonerila Roxb. (Melastomataceae) from Laos
Authors: Phonepaseuth Phongphayboun , Souladeth Phetlasy , Souvannakhoummane Keooudone , Vongthavone Thyraphon , Tagane Shuichiro
Published: June 2021

Two new species of Sonerila Roxb. (Melastomataceae), S. erectifolia Phonep., Soulad. & Tagane sp. nov. from southern Laos, and S. souvannii Phonep. & Soulad. sp. nov. from central Laos, are described and illustrated. Comparisons with morphologically similar species are presented, along with ecological information and preliminary conservation status. A key to the species of Sonerila in Laos is also provided.
Olympic Rowing – Maximum Capacity over 2000 Meters
Authors: Treff G , Winkert K , Steinacker JM
Published: June 2021

Olympic rowing in its current form is a high-intensity boat race covering a distance of 2000 m with fastest race times ranging ~5.5-7.5 min, depending on boat class, sex, and environmental factors. To realize such race times, rowers need strength and endurance, which is physiologically evident in an oxidative Adaption of the skeletal muscles, a high aerobic capacity, and the ability to contribute and sustain a relatively high percentage of anaerobic energy for several minutes. Anthropometrically, male and female rowers are characterized by relatively large body measurements. Biomechanics & Physiology: The sitting position of the rower, the involvement of a large muscle mass and the structure of the rowing cycle, consisting of drive and recovery phase where the rower slides back and forth on a sliding seat, affect the cardiovascular and the respiratory system in a unique manner. In Addition to these physiological and anthropometric characteristics, this brief review outlines the extreme metabolic implications of the sport during racing and training and mentions rarely-discussed topics such as established testing procedures, summarizes data on training intensity distribution in elite rowing and includes a short section on heat stress during training and racing in hot and humid conditions expected for the Olympic Games 2021 in Tokyo.
Caroço de açaí triturado in natura no desenvolvimento de mudas de Paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby)
Authors: Torres Leandro Marques , Soares Lorena Fernanda Araújo , Azevedo Sarah Dias , Araújo Suzana Romeiro , Souza Regilene Angélica da Silva
Published: June 2021

Na cidade de Belém há ocorrência da alta produção de resíduos oriundos do beneficiamento do caroço de açaí, em razão deste fruto ser um artigo que estimula o setor econômico da capital. No entanto, caso não seja disposto adequadamente, pode causar problemas ambientais como obstrução de canais de drenagem, ocasionando os alagamentos, poluição de vias, entre outras externalidades. Somado a isso, tem-se a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), instituída pela Lei nº 12.305/2010 que impulsiona a elaboração de aparatos com intuito de reuso de resíduos sólidos gerados por diversas atividades. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar semanalmente o desenvolvimento de mudas de Paricá (Shizolobium amazonicum) em Latossolo Amarelo de textura média misturado em diferentes proporções de caroço de açaí triturado por 60 dias, através de análises dos parâmetros morfológicos da planta. Os experimentos foram dispostos em casa de vegetação com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, totalizando dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram altura da parte aérea (APA), diâmetro do coleto (DC), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), matéria seca de raiz (MSR) e área foliar (AF). Os dados foram tratados e submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) (p<0,05) e comparados pelo teste t, por meio do software ASSISTAT Versão 7.7, seguidos Correlação de Pearson efetuada no software Past 3.26. O caroço de açaí triturado apresentou resultados satisfatórios tendo como principal tratamento o T8 com valores de altura, diâmetro do coleto MSPA, MSR, MST e área foliar de 24,07cm, 3,95mm, 0,76g, 2,32g, 3,09g e 111,25cm², respectivamente. Logo, o açaí triturado pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de mudas em áreas degradadas, o que significa uma nova destinação ao resíduo.
Off-campus Access to Licensed Online Resources through Shibboleth
Authors: Jayakanth Francis , Byrappa Anand , Visvanathan Raja
Published: June 2021

Institutions of advanced education and research, through their libraries, invest substantially in licensed online resources. Only authorized users of an institution are entitled to access licensed online resources. Seamless on-campus access to licensed resources happens mostly through Internet Protocol (IP) address authentication. Increasingly, licensed online resources are accessed by authorized users from off-campus locations as well. Libraries will, therefore, need to ensure seamless off-campus access to authorized users. Libraries have been using various technologies, including proxy server or virtual private network (VPN) server or single sign-on, to facilitate seamless off-campus access to licensed resources. In this paper, authors share their experience in setting up a Shibboleth-based single sign-on (SSO) access management system at the JRD Tata Memorial Library, Indian Institute of Science, to enable authorized users of the institute to seamlessly access licensed online resources from off-campus locations.
Service Barometers
Authors: Yarbrough Will
Published: June 2021

This article illustrates how public libraries can use lending kiosks to expand service area, increase access to materials and innovate physical spaces.
Velocity and temperature structure of medium-scale pool fires
Authors: Sung Kunhyuk , Falkenstein-Smith Ryan , Hamins Anthony
Published: June 2021

A series of measurements was conducted using a bidirectional probe to characterize the upward speed in the plumes of medium-scale pool fires burning a variety of gaseous and liquid fuels. Time-averaged local measurements of the upward velocity were conducted in the plumes of methanol, ethanol, and acetone pool fires burning in a 30 cm diameter liquid pool burner and methane and propane gaseous pool fires established on a 37 cm diameter gas burner. The gas-phase thermocouple temperature was measured separately using many kinds of fine bare-wire thermocouples with different data acquisition rate, which temperatures were corrected considering radiative loss and thermal inertia effects. The bidirectional probes were connected to multiple pressure transducers with various time responses, ranging from 20 ms to 160 ms. A 25 ?m wire diameter, bare-bead, Type R or S, thermocouple with an approximately spherical bead of diameter 125 ?m was positioned about 0.5 cm upstream of the probe. The time series of temperature was corrected for radiative loss only. The Bernoulli equation was solved using the time series of pressure, the corrected temperature time series, and the calculated K factor based on the Re (and its properties) calculated from the instantaneous velocity and temperature. The spatial separation between the probe and thermocouple was assumed to be of negligible importance. The experiments were typically repeated 2 to 3 times and the results were repeatable to within a few percent. The upward component of the velocity on the plume centerline in the methanol pool fire compared favorably to previous measurements and Baum's plume velocity correlation. The results showed that the upward velocity increased with distance above the plume for about 1 to 2 diameters above the fuel surface and then decreased with distance. The upward component of the velocity on the plume centerline in the methanol pool fire compared favorably to previous measurements and followed the general trends of Baum and McCaffrey's plume theory. A single location radiative heat flux measurement was used to determine the radiative fraction in 30 cm diameter methanol pool fires. The results were favorably compared to previous measurements using multi-location and single-location heat flux measurements.
Danske daginstitutioners indsatser og disses betydninger for pædagogisk personale, børn og familier under COVID-19 pandemien 2020/2021
Authors: Petersen Kirsten Elisa
Published: June 2021

Denne rapport præsenterer en række centrale resultater af et forskningsprojekt med fokus på daginstitutioners indsatser og betydning for pædagogisk personale, børn og familier under COVID-19 pandemien i Danmark. Forskningsprojektet har indsamlet data i perioden april 2020 til august 2020, og særligt i perioden fra midt april til juni, hvor alle landets daginstitutioner genåbnede efter cirka en måneds nedlukning af landets offentlige institutioner som følge af regeringens retningslinjer. Der er ligeledes indsamlet data i perioden august til oktober 2020, og igen i perioden januar til februar 2021. Der er således tale om tre empiriske nedslag hen over cirka et år af pandemiens forløb i relation til daginstitutionsledere og pædagogisk personale i landets daginstitutioner. De data, der ligger til grund for denne rapport, omfatter en spørgeskemaundersøgelse rettet mod daginstitutionsledere og en spørgeskemaundersøgelse rettet mod pædagogisk personale i daginstitutioner, geografisk fordelt over hele landet. Fælles for spørgeskemaundersøgelserne er et fokus på at udforske, hvordan daginstitutioner har arbejdet under COVID-19 pandemien, dels under selve nedlukningen i marts-april, hvor flere af landets daginstitutioner har fungeret som nødpasning, særligt for forældre med kritiske samfundsfunktioner, og dels under genåbningsfaserne, der officielt blev påbegyndt i midten af april og især har forløbet hen over forår og tidlig sommer 2020. Derudover er der ad to omgange foretaget en række forskningsinterview med daginstitutionsledere. I første omgang blev der foretaget 10 forskningsinterview i perioden august til november 2020, og i anden omgang er der foretaget 8 forskningsinterview med daginstitutionsledere fordelt på landets daginstitutioner omfattende perioden januar til februar 2021. Formålet med dette forskningsprojekt har været at kortlægge og udforske, hvordan daginstitutionsledere og pædagogisk personale i en række danske daginstitutioner for 0-6-årige børn løfter den store samfundsmæssige udfordring at håndtere COVID-19 pandemien på landets daginstitutioner.
La Fabuleuse Histoire d’un Royaume et la transmission de la mémoire collective
Authors: Fortin Andrée
Published: June 2021

La Fabuleuse Histoire d’un Royaume, spectacle qui a reçu plus 1 200 000 spectateurs depuis sa création en 1988, contribue à la construction de la mémoire collective. La région du Saguenay y est présentée comme ouverte sur le monde, parfois sous le signe de la dépendance face à cet ailleurs, ce que fait oublier le brio des scènes, des costumes, des décors. Mais surtout, la population, confrontée à de nombreuses difficultés, se relève à chaque fois. La résilience de la communauté est mise en scène non seulement dans la trame du récit, mais dans le grand nombre de comédiens sur scène. Cette vision positive de l’histoire véhicule un certain nationalisme, et l’histoire du Royaume est aussi celle du Québec, de sa solidarité, des épreuves surmontées, et de sa place dans le monde.
Roman familial, roman national ?
Authors: Deslandres Dominique
Published: June 2021

Cet article en deux parties révèle certains biais de notre roman national concernant le rôle des relations franco-autochtones dans l’implantation et l’ascension sociale des colons français. Il s’agit ici d’interroger ce dont témoigne historiquement la présence autochtone dans et autour de mon arbre généalogique, c’est-à-dire mon roman familial. Ainsi quand je remonte les lignées féminines, les relations d’intimité avec les Autochtones apparaissent clairement dans les mariages, les cousinages, les amitiés et … l’exploitation impérialiste et esclavagiste. Dans cette première partie, le cas des aïeules autochtones permet de revisiter ce que l’on sait du dessein impérial français de « ne faire qu’un seul peuple », en mettant en lumière, d’une part, le projet de francisation des Autochtones et, d’autre part, l’ensauvagement des Français, tant décrié par les autorités civiles et religieuses françaises du xviie et xviiie siècles.
Pour en finir avec 1848 ! (1er partie)
Authors: Blais Christian
Published: June 2021

Dans un système politique de type Westminster, la convention du gouvernement responsable fait en sorte que les conseillers exécutifs doivent être membres du Parlement et que, pour gouverner, ces ministres doivent jouir de la confiance de la majorité des députés. Selon cette définition, il apparaît que, au Parlement de la province du Canada, le principe de la responsabilité ministérielle se met en place dès 1841, et non pas en 1848 comme le véhicule l’historiographie dominante. Les réformistes Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine et Robert Baldwin ont à ce point incarné cette convention constitutionnelle qu’un mythe s’est créé autour de leurs actions politiques libérales. Or, cette politique partisane a porté ombrage au gouvernement conservateur qui, de 1844 à 1848, a également administré la colonie en suivant les principes de la Constitution de 1840.
Modern architecture of the Russian Orthodox Church: problems of scientific research
Authors: Ukraintceva Alina Viktorovna
Published: June 2021

The process of revival of the Russian Orthodox Church in the late XX – early XXI centuries is accompanied by significant changes in its sociopolitical status. The Church regained high public authority by reestablishing and strengthening relations with the government, which granted the right to such types of activity as educational, missionary, social, and charitable. The church construction, which was discontinued for over 70 years, led to the loss of succession in engineering design and absence of systematic scientific and engineering developments that are intended to meet the modern needs and demands in the area of design of churches. These factors determine the heightened scientific interest to this topic. The goal of this research consists in determination of trends and problems in the scientific studies dedicated to the modern architecture of the Orthodox Church. The authors set the task to analyze, systematize and characterize the range of scientific publications written by the Russian scholars on the modern architecture of the Orthodox Church. This article considers the results of national scientific research (dissertations, scientific articles) on the modern architecture of the Orthodox Church that were published over the period from 1990 to the present.
Neuroticism vulnerability factors of anxiety symptoms in adolescents and early adults: an analysis using the bi-factor model and multi-wave longitudinal model
Authors: He Yini , Li Ang , Li Kaixin , Xiao Jing
Published: June 2021

Background

Neuroticism and stress are important vulnerability factors in the development and outcome of anxiety symptoms. However, as neuroticism is a heterogeneity trait, it is still unclear how different neuroticism factors contribute to anxiety symptoms independently or in conjunction with stress. Thus, different factors of neuroticism were extracted in the present longitudinal study using the bi-factor model. The prediction effect of these different factors on anxiety symptoms and their combined effects with stress in both adolescent and adult samples were examined.

Method

Participants (592 adolescents and 638 young adults) in Hunan China were included. In the initial assessment in our longitudinal study, participants were asked to complete measurements that assessed neuroticism, stress, and anxiety symptoms. Next, a monthly assessment of stress and anxiety symptoms was completed for the subsequent 6 months. The bi-factor model was used to extract different factors of neuroticism. The hierarchical linear model was used to analyze longitudinal multi-wave data.

Result

Several model fit indices were used to evaluate the bi-factor model fit for neuroticism (adolescent: Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.957, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.040, Chi-Square = 80.471; early adults: TLI = 0.957, CFI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.042, Chi-Square = 88.465). The results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that the general factor of neuroticism possessed a predictive effect on anxiety symptoms (adolescents: F = 36.77, p < 0.0001, early adults: F = 30.44, p < 0.0001); The negative effect factor only had the prediction effect on anxiety symptoms in early adults (adolescents: F = 0.65, p > 0.05; early adults: F = 4.84, p < 0.05); No prediction of self-reproach factor was found on anxiety symptoms (adolescents: F = 3.79, p > 0.05; early adults: F = 0.02, p > 0.05); the interactive effects of the general factor and stress on anxiety symptoms were only found in early adulthood (adolescents: F = 0.13, p > 0.05; early adults: F = 11.55, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our results suggested that the bi-factor model achieved a satisfactory fit for neuroticism measurement and supported that the anxiety symptoms were induced by the main effects of the general factor in both age samples and the negative factor only in adults. The general factor of neuroticism, but not the negative factor could make an additive effect for anxiety symptoms in face of stress, which meant that the homogeneity of neuroticism played a more significant role in further anxiety symptoms than heterogeneity when coping with stress.
Methylation of CYP1A1 and VKORC1 promoter associated with stable dosage of warfarin in Chinese patients
Authors: He Shiwei , Wu Yuan , Yan Shuidi , Liu Jumei , Zhao Li , Xie Huabin , Ge Shengxiang , Ye Huiming
Published: June 2021

Objective

To investigate the association between DNA methylation and the stable warfarin dose through genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and pyrosequencing assay.

Method

This study included 161 patients and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was used to screen potential warfarin dose-associated CpGs through Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 K BeadChip; then, the pyrosequencing assay was used to further validate the association between the stable warfarin dose and alterations in the methylation of the screened CpGs. GenomeStudio Software and R were used to analyze the differentially methylated CpGs.

Results

The methylation levels of CpGs surrounding the xenobiotic response element (XRE) within the CYP1A1 promoter, differed significantly between the different dose groups (P < 0.05), and these CpGs presented a positive correlation (r> 0, P < 0.05) with an increase in the stable dose of warfarin. At the VKORC1 promoter, two CpGs methylation levels were significantly different between the differential dose groups (P < 0.05), and one CpG (Chr16: 31106793) presented a significant negative correlation (r <  0, P <  0.05) among different dose (low, medium, and high) groups.

Conclusion

This is a novel report of the methylation levels of six CpGs surrounding the XRE within the CYP1A1 promoter and one differential CpG at the VKORC1 promoter associated with stable warfarin dosage; these methylation levels might be applied as molecular signatures for warfarin.
Continued nucleic acid tests for SARS-CoV-2 following discharge of patients with COVID-19 in Lu’an, China
Authors: Lyu Yong , Wang Danni , Li Xiude , Gong Tianqi , Xu Pengpeng , Liu Lei , Sun Jie
Published: June 2021

Background

Studies have shown that discharged Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during a follow-up RT-PCR test. We sought to assess the results of continued nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 patients in COVID-19 patients after they were discharged in Lu’an, China.

Methods

We conducted RT-PCR tests on sputum, throat swabs, fecal or anal swabs, and urine samples collected from 67 COVID-19 patients following discharge. Samples were collected on the 7th and 14th days following discharge. Patients testing positive on the 7th or 14th day were retested after 24 hours until they tested negative twice.

Results

Seventeen (17/67, 25.4%) discharged COVID-19 patients had a positive RT-PCR retest for SARS-CoV-2. Among them, 14 (82.4%) were sputum positive, five (29.4%) were throat swab positive, seven (41.2%) were fecal or anal swab positive, one (5.9%) was urine sample positive, five (29.4%) were both sputum and throat swab positive, four (23.5%) were both sputum and fecal test positive, and one (5.9%) was positive of all four specimens. The shortest period of time between discharge and the last positive test was 7 days, the longest was 48 days, and the median was 16 days. The proportion of positive fecal or anal swab tests increased from the third week. The median Cq cut-off values after onset were 26.7 after the first week, 37.7 the second to sixth week, and 40 after the sixth week. There were no significant differences between the RT-PCR retest positive group and the unrecovered positive group.

Conclusions

There was a high proportion of patients who retested positive for COVID-19. Discharge criteria have remained fairly consistent so we encourage regions affected by COVID-19 to appropriately amend their current criteria.
Similar seed dispersal systems by local frugivorous birds in native and alien plant species in a coastal seawall forest
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Guohai , An Yuting , Xue Dandan , Wang Libo , Lu Changhu
Published: June 2021

Frugivorous birds play an important role in seed dispersal. Alien plant species’ seeds are dispersed by local birds in order to establish populations in new habitats. Alien plant species that produce fruits similar to that of native species have the potential to attract local birds, creating new mutualistic systems that are similar to the local ones. In autumn 2018 and 2019, we studied the seed dispersal systems of an alien plant species, Phytolacca americana, and a native species, Cayratia japonica, in a coastal seawall forest. Both plant species’ fruit, frugivorous bird foraging behaviors, seed germination rates, and seedling microhabitats were examined to determine whether the alien species had a similar seed dispersal system to that of the native species. Our results showed that P. americana and C. japonica had similar fruit type, color, and ripening period. There was a positive correlation between the percentage rate of fruit ripening and the percentage rate of fruit missing for both plant species, indicating that local frugivorous birds have the potential to sufficiently disperse the alien seeds to enable its spread in the coastal seawall forest (simple linear regression, P. americana: β = 0.863 ± 0.017, R2adj = 0.978, P < 0.01; C. japonica: β = 0.787 ± 0.034, R2adj = 0.898, P < 0.01). Eleven bird species consumed the fruits of the alien species or native species during the study period. Similar results were shown across alien and native species in bird foraging behavior (feeding frequency, feeding duration and first stop distance) indicating that a similar seed dispersal relationship had been established between local frugivorous and both plant species. The alien plant had a higher number of fruits carried by birds, suggesting that P. americana had a slightly higher fruit consumption than that of C. japonica (t-test, P < 0.01). Alien plant seedlings grow more abundant in forest gap microhabitat (t-test, P < 0.01). Our results confirmed that bird digestion promotes seed germination success in both plant species. Our study suggests that in a narrow coastal seawall forest, alien plant species can successfully establish their populations by relying on similar seed dispersal systems as the local species.
Informed Consent in Transfusion Medicine: An Ethical Obligation Or a Legal Compulsion to Avert Liabilities for Negligence to the Health Care Provider
Authors: Aondowase Orkuma, Joseph , Esq Edward E. Ogar, , George Ayia, Nyiutsa , Ojobi Joseph , Simji Gomerep Samuel
Published: June 2021

Blood transfusion is oftentimes life-saving but associated with risks which ought to be disclosed by the health care provider as an ethical obligation and legal requirement. The practice of informed consent to transfusion medicine is quite new and few studies have comprehensively x-rayed its historical, ethical and legal implications with an in depth consideration of professional negligence using decided cases by the adversarial and arbitration systems. PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, African Journal on Line (AJOL) electronic databases were searched using combined keywords like; “Blood transfusion and informed consent” “informed choice to transfusion medicine practice”, “consent in transfusion medicine”, “health care giver and consent to transfusion therapy”, “transfusion consent and the health care seeker”, “liability and informed consent to transfusion” and “contemporary issues in medical negligence”. Relatedly, printed materials were considered. The 91 studies that met the inclusion criteria were considered with highlights showing that, informed consent to medical treatment generally is an age long practice running from roman civilization to the present but its advocated practice in transfusion medicine a recent event. The practice is also generally low in comparison with informed consent taken for other treatments in similar settings. The consequences of dereliction including infamous conduct amongst professionals or negligence with direct and vicarious liabilities in adversary systems has been set in precedent judgments. These in addition to the present day patient-centered care model as global best practice and quality in health care delivery is compelling for health care providers to imbibe the practice not as a form of defensive medicine but a repertoire to quality and responsive Medicare service.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity using D2 Statistics in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Late Sown Conditions
Authors: Reddy Velugoti Priyanka , Lal Gaibriyal. M. , Pattanayak Subhadra , Reddy Jakkam Mahipal
Published: June 2021

An experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2019-20 at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad) consisting of 36 chickpea genotypes obtained from ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, U.P in RBD with three replications. The data was recorded on 13 traits to study the genetic divergence. Analysis of variance revealed that there was considerable genetic variability in the available germplasm for all the characters studied. Divergence analysis revealed that highest inter cluster distance (1505.25) was found between clusters I and V indicates that there is ample scope for selection of better parents.
Characterization of the Physical-natural Units of the Hinterland Surface of the Pacoti Drainage Basin, Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Dourado Álvaro Andrade , Sobrinho José Falcão , Barbosa Francisca Edineide Lima , Barbosa Francisca Edineide Lima
Published: June 2021

Because of the importance of preserving natural resources, especially drainage basins, it is essential to identify and manage the different types of natural landscapes found in these units, allowing the ecological balance of these regions. The application of geoprocessing techniques helps environmental agencies to make decisions, map and monitor the local conditions. The research proposes an examination of the Pacoti Drainage Basin, especially on its hinterland surface. The following cartographic databases were raised: Multimodal map of the state of Ceará scale 1:900,000, 2013, DENIT; Map of Geoenvironmental Subdivision Macroregion of Planning, scale 1:6,000,000, [5]; Simplified Geological Map of Ceará, scale 1:600,000 2015; Map of Phytoecological Units of Ceará, scale 1:600,000, FUNCEME, 2007; Weather Map of Ceará, scale 1:600,000. The mapped physiographic characteristics are the climate, geology, geomorphology, soil, vegetation, land use and occupation, and conservation units. Therefore, geo-technology has become a decisive factor in the identification and analysis of the local physiographic characteristics.
Anthracycline chemotherapy‐mediated vascular dysfunction as a model of accelerated vascular aging
Authors: Clayton Zachary S. , Hutton David A. , Mahoney Sophia A. , Seals Douglas R.
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and age is by far the greatest risk factor for developing CVD. Vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, is responsible for much of the increase in CVD risk with aging. A key mechanism involved in vascular dysfunction with aging is oxidative stress, which reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and induces adverse changes to the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall (e.g., elastin fragmentation/degradation, collagen deposition) and an increase in advanced glycation end products, which form crosslinks in arterial wall structural proteins. Although vascular dysfunction and CVD are most prevalent in older adults, several conditions can “accelerate” these events at any age. One such factor is chemotherapy with anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOXO), to combat common forms of cancer. Children, adolescents, and young adults treated with these chemotherapeutic agents demonstrate impaired vascular function and an increased risk of future CVD development compared with healthy age‐matched controls. Anthracycline treatment also worsens vascular dysfunction in midlife (50–64 years of age) and older (65 and older) adults such that endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are greater compared to age‐matched controls. Collectively, these observations indicate that use of anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents induces a vascular aging‐like phenotype and that the latter contributes to premature CVD in cancer survivors exposed to these agents. Here, we review the existing literature supporting these ideas, discuss potential mechanisms as well as interventions that may protect arteries from these adverse effects, identify research gaps, and make recommendations for future research.