bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Irish Journalists View Investigative Reporting
Authors: Marron Maria
Published: January 2017

The vast majority of respondents say they do investigative reporting, but libel laws are seen as a major obstacle.
Commentary: Lessons from the Detroit Newspaper Strike
Authors: Picard Robert G. , Lacy Stephen
Published: January 2017

The Detroit strike illustrates that technology and social changes have made newspaper strikes a losing proposition for labor, management and the community.
Words That Shield: A Textual Analysis of the Journalist's Privilege
Authors: Alexander Laurence B. , Cooper Leah G.
Published: January 2017

An analysis of the 29 state privilege statutes finds considerable variation. But newspaper employees are specifically covered in nearly all statutes.
Public Perceptions of Newspaper's Watchdog Role
Authors: Stone Gerald C. , O'Donnell Mary K. , Banning Stephen
Published: January 2017

Results from this survey indicate that advocating the watchdog role for newspapers is not linked to frequency of newspaper use. Youth and education level are associated with that role.
Impact of Visuals in Selecting NNA General Excellence Winners
Authors: Gladney George Albert
Published: January 2017

An analysis of National Newspaper Association contest results finds weak, but mixed support that winners in visual categories are more likely to win general excellence awards than are winners in writing or reporting categories.
Portrait vs. Landscape: Potential Users' Preferences for Screen Orientation
Authors: Wearden Stanley T. , Fidler Roger , Schierhorn Ann B. , Schierhorn Carl
Published: January 2017

This survey finds a strong preference for portrait or vertical screen viewing of newspapers on computers.
Assessing Early Literacy With Hispanic Preschoolers: The Factor Structure of the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening—Español
Authors: Yaden David B. , Marx Ronald W. , Cimetta Adriana D. , Alkhadim Ghadah S. , Cutshaw Christina
Published: January 2017

For two decades, it has been recommended that assessment of literacy for preschool children be conducted in a child’s primary language. However, only a few literacy assessments have been validated with a preschool, Spanish-speaking population. The purpose of the present study was to test the latent structure of the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening for Preschool (PALS-PreK) Español with a sample of Spanish-speaking children in the southwestern United States. Children who could recognize at least 16 uppercase and nine lowercase letters were included in the analyses. Subscales of the PreK Español included Name Writing, Letter/Sound Association, Print Concepts, and Rhyme Awareness. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a two-factor model of alphabet knowledge (upper and lowercase letter recognition, letter sounds) and print and phonological awareness (name writing, print and rhyme awareness, letter sounds) with letter sounds loading on both factors. We found that the structure of PALS-PreK Español is similar to the English version and discussed implications.
Development of the Inventario de Comportamiento Escolar (IDCE) for Puerto Rican Children
Authors: Bauermeister José J. , Vargas Iris , Colberg Clarissa , González Lydia E. , Carroll Joseph
Published: January 2017

The Inventario de Comportamiento Escolar (IDCE) is a teacher rating inventory for the assessment of Puerto Rican children, particularly those with a behavior pattern indicative of attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, or academic underachievement. Factor analysis of classroom behavior ratings of a representative sample of 961 Puerto Rican students (kindergarten to sixth grade) yielded five scales: Inattention, Hyperactivity, Inappropriate Social Behavior, Irritability-Hostility, and Anxiety. Factor analysis of school performance ratings yielded five scales: Reading-Spelling, Expressive Language, Memory, Directionality-Laterality, and Motor Skills. Alpha coefficients (mean: .90; range: .81 to .97) and item total correlations (mean: .67; range: .52 to .78) provided evidence of the internal consistency of the scales. Four-week test-retest reliability ranged from .70 to .90.
Hispanic Alcoholic Treatment Considerations
Authors: Costello Raymond M.
Published: January 2017

A path analytic model for Hispanic alcoholics relating socioclinical prognostic variables to outcome following treatment in a therapeutic community differs markedly from that fitted to Anglo alcoholics. When Hispanics and Anglos were combined, a third model dropped out a socioclinical prognostic triad as Hispanic and Anglo effects cancelled out. The differential relationship of education to alcoholism severity and outcome was noted specifically as reflecting different racial-ethnic paths to recovery.
The Functional Literacy Needs of Low-Literate Adult Basic Education Students
Authors: Hayes Elisabeth R. , Valentine Thomas
Published: January 2017

This study sought to determine the self-perceived, functional literacy needs of low-literate Adult Basic Education students. A questionnaire was constructed to allow learners to rate the extent to which they felt they needed to learn 20 functional tasks; data were collected from 160 learners functioning at or below the sixth-grade level, as measured by standardized reading tests. Results of a factor analysis suggest that these functional tasks can be conceived of as three broad categories: everyday reading and writing tasks, math and measurement tasks, and special literacy tasks. Through cluster analysis, distinct subgroups of learners were identified based on their comparative needs to learn these categories of tasks. Analysis of follow-up data further revealed that existing programs are less effective than they could be at helping learners meet their self-perceived literacy needs.
Gender Differences in Adult Student Perceptions of College Classroom Social Environments
Authors: Beer Carole T. , Darkenwald Gordon G.
Published: January 2017

Adult male and female students’ perceptions of classroom social environments (climates) were compared on the Relationship dimensions of Affiliation and Involvement as measured by the Adult Classroom Environment Scale. Data were collected from 439 adult students enrolled at an urban community college. Theoretically grounded hypotheses were tested using the general linear model procedure. As predicted, women perceived more affiliation and a greater degree of involvement in the classroom than did men. Implications of the findings for future research and the teaching-learning transaction are discussed.
Popular Discourse Concerning Aids: Its Implications for Adult Education
Authors: Boshier Roger
Published: January 2017

Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has already devastated the population of four African countries and is a recognized world health problem. Meaning ascribed to AIDS delimit the ground for the planning and practice of prevention education. The popular media is an important agent of informal education about AIDS, and analysis of magazines and items in daily newspapers suggested that several themes have permeated popular discourse. There has been a gay plague discourse, a contaminated other discourse, an innocent victim discourse, a heterosexual-risk discourse and, most recently, a development discourse on AIDS. Adult educators who work in nonformal or formal educational settings have to understand the various constructions of AIDS before knowledge can be used to promote effective practice for learners.
From Freire to Feminism: The North American Experience with Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Cunningham Phyllis M.
Published: January 2017

Archer, D., & Costello P. (1990). Literacy and Power: The Latin American Battleground. London: Earthscan Publications.

Chene, A., & Chervin, M. (1991). Popular Education in Quebec. Washington, DC: American Association for Adult Continuing Education.

Collins, M. (1991). Adult Education as Vocation: A Critical Role for the Adult Educator in Today's Society. London: Routledge

Hart, M. (1991). Working and Education for Life. London: Routledge.

Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Shor, I., & Frerie, P. (1987). A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Educators. Massachusetts: Bergin and Garvey.
The effect of tobacco smoke exposure on the generation of reactive oxygen species and cellular membrane damage using co-culture model of blood brain barrier with astrocytes
Authors: Seo Seung-Beom , Choe Eun Sang , Kim Kwang-Sik , Shim Soon-Mi
Published: January 2017

Brain tissue is known to be vulnerable to the exposure by tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke can induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing inflammatory activity and blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tobacco smoke on cell cytotoxicity, generation of ROS, and cellular membrane damage in astrocytes and BBB using a co-culture system. Cell viability of U373MG cells was reduced in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 96.7% to 40.3% by tobacco smoke condensate (TSC). Cell viability of U373MG co-cultured with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) was 104.9% at the IC50 value of TSC. Trans-epithelial electric resistance values drastically decreased 80% following 12-h incubation. The value was maintained until 48 h and then increased at 72-h incubation (85%). It then decreased to 75% at 120 h. Generation of ROS increased in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 102.7% to 107.9%, when various concentrations of TSC (4–16 mg/mL) were administered to the U373MG monoculture. When TSC was added into U373MG co-cultured with HBMECs, production of ROS ranged from 101.7% to 102.6%, slightly increasing over 12 h. Maximum exposure-generated ROS of 104.8% was reached at 24 h. Cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress levels in the U373MG co-culture model system with HBMECs were lower than U373MG monoculture. HBMECs effectively acted as a barrier to protect the astrocytes (U373MG) from toxicity of TSC.
Functional Plasticity in the Absence of Structural Change
Authors: Krasovsky Tal , Landa Jana , Bar Orly , Jaana Ahonniska-Assa , Livny Abigail , Tsarfaty Galia , Silberg Tamar
Published: January 2017

This work presents a case of a young woman with apraxia and a severe body scheme disorder, 10 years after a childhood frontal and occipitoparietal brain injury. Despite specific limitations, she is independent in performing all activities of daily living. A battery of tests was administered to evaluate praxis and body representations. Specifically, the Hand Laterality Test was used to compare RS’s dynamic body representation to that of healthy controls (N = 14). Results demonstrated RS’s severe praxis impairment, and the Hand Laterality Test revealed deficits in accuracy and latency of motor imagery, suggesting a significant impairment in dynamic body representation. However, semantic and structural body representations were intact. These results, coupled with frequent use of verbalizations as a strategy, suggest a possible ventral compensatory mechanism (top-down processing) for dorsal stream deficits, which may explain RS’s remarkable recovery of activities of daily living. The link between praxis and dynamic body representation is discussed.
Chitosan-based silver nanoparticles: A study of the antibacterial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic effects
Authors: Lima Douglas dos Santos , Gullon Beatriz , Cardelle-Cobas Alejandra , Brito Lucas M , Rodrigues Klinger AF , Quelemes Patrick V , Ramos-Jesus Joilson , Arcanjo Daniel DR , Plácido Alexandra , Batziou Krystallenia , Quaresma Pedro , Eaton Peter , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Carvalho Fernando Aecio A , da Silva Durcilene Alves , Pintado Manuela , Leite Jose Roberto de SA
Published: January 2017

Silver nanoparticles have been studied as an alternative for treatment of microbial infections and leishmaniasis, without promoting induction of microbial or parasite resistance. In this study, chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium borohydride as a reducing agent, and the biopolymer chitosan as a capping agent. The chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscope. The antibacterial assay was performed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The antileishmanial and the cytotoxic effects induced by AgNO3, chitosan, and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles were analyzed by resazurin and MTT colorimetric assays, respectively. AgNO3, chitosan, and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles induced a marked activity against all bacterial strains and promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.69 to 3.38 µg Ag/mL. Interestingly, the chitosan-based silver nanoparticles presented less cytotoxicity than the AgNO3 alone and were more active against L. amazonensis than solely chitosan. Furthermore, the cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) of both chitosan and chitosan-based silver nanoparticles against macrophages were significantly higher than the IC50 against promastigotes. Thus, the chitosan-based silver nanoparticles represent a promising alternative for the treatment of microbial infections and leishmaniasis.
School Sabotage as a Form of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Voth Schrag Rachel J. , Edmond Tonya
Published: January 2017

This study examined provider perspectives on school sabotage. Service providers participated in semi-structured interviews exploring these questions: Are service providers aware of instances of school sabotage occurring? What are the tactics that service providers have observed? What do service providers identify as the key impacts of school sabotage? The following are the themes: (1) tactics of abusive partners include disruption of financial aid, physical violence or stalking at school, and disrupting academic efforts; (2) survivors experience consequences, including emotional and academic impacts; (3) abusers display emotions including jealousy, resentment, and insecurity; and (4) many survivors use education as a pathway to safety and opportunity.
Neglect, Sexual Abuse, and Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence During Childhood Predicts Later Life Violent Attitudes Against Children Among Kenyan Women: Evidence of Intergenerational Risk Transmission From Cross-Sectional Data
Authors: Goodman Michael L. , Hindman Andrea , Keiser Philip H. , Gitari Stanley , Ackerman Porter Katherine , Raimer Ben G.
Published: January 2017

Violence against children, including corporal punishment, remains a global concern. Understanding sources of support for corporal punishment within cultures, and the potential for intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment, is essential for policy-development and community engagement to protect children. In this study, we use data from a cross-section of women in Meru County, Kenya ( n = 1,974) to profile attitudes toward violence against children using the Velicer Attitudes Towards Violence–Child subscale. We find reported histories of sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and witnessing interpersonal violence during childhood predict more violent attitudes toward children in adulthood. The pathway between these forms of child maltreatment and violent attitudes is significantly mediated by family function, perceived stress, and attitudes toward violence against women. Interventions to prevent sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and promote attachments between parents and children may benefit future generations in this population. Furthermore, secondary prevention of the effects of these childhood adversities may require development of social support, improving family function and challenging violent attitudes against women.
Weight Management Behaviors Among Mexican American Youth: Cross-Sectional Variation by Timing of Growth and Maturation
Authors: Gay Jennifer L. , Monsma Eva V. , Hein Katie Darby
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To assess the association between growth and maturation with weight management behaviors (WMBs) among Mexican American youth.

Design:

A cross-sectional design was used to measure timing of growth and maturation as well as WMBs.

Sample:

Students were recruited through physical education classes in south Texas schools. The sample included 623 participants (52.3% female; 49.8% with weight ≥85th percentile) in grades 4 through 12. Students in middle school were purposely oversampled to examine questions around timing of growth and maturation.

Measures:

Growth was measured as maturity offset, an estimate of age at peak height velocity (PHV). Maturity offset is derived from chronological age, height, and sitting height measurements. Participants were classified as pre-PHV or post-PHV. Girls also were categorized as premenarche or early, average, or late maturing based on age at menarche. Weight was measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) percentile. Weight management behavior and timing of menarche were self-reported via a survey.

Analysis:

Descriptive characteristics were calculated for boys and girls separately. χ2 Tests of proportion were used to test WMB by BMI percentile. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the likelihood of engaging in WMB by maturity offset and, for girls, timing of menarche.

Results:

Students with weight ≥85th percentile were more likely to describe themselves as overweight and report trying to lose weight through exercise or calorie restriction ( P < .0001). A 1-year increase in maturity offset was associated with youth being 31% more likely to perceive themselves as overweight but less likely to report calorie restriction (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87). Average maturing girls were more likely than premenarcheal girls to exercise, restrict calories, or fast to lose weight (OR = 3.27, 2.11, and 3.27, respectively).

Conclusion:

Mexican American youth are engaging in WMB, even when their weight status is <85th percentile. The appropriateness of weight management counseling may need to consider a child’s stage of growth.
“The Work Must Go On”
Authors: ter Hoeven Claartje L. , Miller Vernon D. , Peper Bram , den Dulk Laura
Published: January 2017

The Netherlands is characterized by extensive national work–life regulations relative to the United States. Yet, Dutch employees do not always take advantage of existing work–life policies. Individual and focus group interviews with employees and managers in three (public and private) Dutch organizations identified how employee and managerial communication contributed to acquired rules concerning work–life policies and the interpretation of allocative and authoritative resources for policy enactment. Analyses revealed differences in employees’ and managers’ resistance to policy, the binds and dilemmas experienced, and the coordination of agreements and actions to complete workloads. There are also differences between public and private contexts in the enactment of national and organizational policies, revealing how national (e.g., gender) and organizational (e.g., concertive control) mechanisms play out in employee and managerial communication that determine the use of work–life policies.
Family Angels vs. Other Informal Investors
Authors: Erikson Truls , Sørheim Roger , Reitan Bjørnar
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the differences between family angels and other informal investors in Norway. We employ a portfolio framework as the vehicle for comparison, along with an ad hoc component of involvement. The underlying thesis is that the actual behavior of the investors in Norway should reflect their investment philosophy—at least on a differential basis. The results suggest that family angels differ from other informal investors on several grounds. Family angels have different investment behaviors than other informal investors and they differ somewhat in their exit preferences.
Family Businesses’ Contribution to the U.S. Economy: A Closer Look
Authors: Astrachan Joseph H. , Shanker Melissa Carey
Published: January 2017

In 1995, we were commissioned to conduct research on the impact of family businesses on the U.S. economy. A search of all relevant research led to the conclusion that the majority of existing data relating to family businesses’ economic contributions were not grounded in empirical research, and the definitions used to distinguish family businesses from other enterprises were ambiguous or non-existent. In 1996, we published a paper providing a framework for assessing the economic impact of family businesses across three ranges, defined by the degree of family involvement in the businesses. This paper revisits that research and updates and improves the original findings based on more recent data.
Interview with Dr. William O’Hara
Authors: Karofsky Paul I.
Published: January 2017

Dr. William O’Hara, the executive director of Bryant College’s Institute for Family Enterprise (IFE), answers questions dealing with many aspects of his life. By founding the IFE and continually adapting it to the condition of the marketplace, O’Hara maintains a commitment to expanding the knowledge of the family business community. O’Hara’s new research into the history of family businesses hints at an underlying framework that is still applicable today. He spoke with Paul I. Karofsky, executive director of Northeastern University’s Center for Family Business.
ACE Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema of the Small Bowel: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wilin Kent L. , Czupryn Michael J. , Mui Richard , Renno Anas , Murphy Julie A.
Published: January 2017

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are known to cause angioedema. Most ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema cases describe swelling in the periorbital region, tongue, and pharynx. We describe a case of a 62-year-old female with presumed angioedema of the small bowel after more than a 2-year history of lisinopril use (with no recent changes in her dose of 40 mg orally twice daily). The patient presented with nausea and intermittent left middle and upper quadrant abdominal pain and denied history of angioedema or swelling with any medications or any history of abdominal pain. On physical examination, bowel sounds, liver, and spleen were normal. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis (15 400 per mm3) and normal complement 1 esterase inhibitor levels. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed segmental small bowel thickening and edema with ascites and surrounding inflammatory changes. There was no lymphadenopathy, obstruction, or ileus. Two days after discontinuation of the lisinopril, the patient reported improvement in symptoms. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable relationship (score of 7) between the development of angioedema of the small bowel and the lisinopril therapy. This case highlights the unique manner in which ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema may present. A review of published cases of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema of the small bowel is provided.
Perforated body work: the case of tele-nursing
Authors: van den Broek Diane
Published: January 2017

This article extends an understanding of how the embodied nature of work, in this case nursing work, is reformed by workplace technologies. It outlines how technological advancements helped to partially restore the physical and psychological perforations inflicted on those performing nursing work. However, the transitions to remote nursing analysed here also undermined the prospects for future professional advancement. By analysing how technologies can disrupt embodied practices within the occupational field of nursing, the article provides both an empirical and a theoretical contribution to existing research on embodiment and work.
Education and competitiveness Personal and corporate investment
Authors: Kairamo Kari
Published: January 2017

Knowledge and education is becoming a most important resource. Its quality is today the strategic edge in competition between individuals, organizations and nations. This viewpoint discusses the need for both personal and corporate investment in the technological updating of employees to develop their competitive abilities and ensure the competitiveness of their business.
Incubators and higher education
Authors: Myers Donald D. , Koen Mary Seyer
Published: January 2017

Higher education in performing research is at the forefront of the technological innovation process. For the research to have utility in the process it must be transferred for eventual use in the introduction into the marketplace of new products, processes or services. This article discusses incubators and their possible use in furthering higher educational research in the technological process. It also identifies likely congruities and incongruities between organizations with possible mechanisms and incentives to span the organizational boundaries for continued progress in the process.
The T-disc oil skimmer
Authors: Duff E.J.
Published: January 2017

This article describes the successful transfer of technology, arising from a fundamental study of the removal of a layer of oil floating on water, from the University of Manchester into a small/medium-sized enterprise and its subsequent development into a range of marine and industrial oil skimmers addressing a worldwide market. In the context of the constraint of development activities within an academic base, it discusses the importance of ongoing licence management in the maintenance of market lead of the product.
Modernizing China for the intellectuals
Authors: Zhang Xian Hong
Published: January 2017

Gigantic changes have been occurring in China over the past few decades. After more than 30 years of centralizing and nationalizing lands, enterprises, shops and all production materials, China has recognized some shortcomings in its practice and has been aware that it will be impossible to achieve the goal of modernization without some basic orientated reforms both in its economic and political systems.
Bridging the gap between resources and exploitation
Authors: Line Maurice B.
Published: January 2017

In the last few years the message has become gradually more accepted that information is valuable and is worth paying for. This recognition enables us to put the whole future of libraries and information services on a totally new basis. If industry accepts that by spending money on searching and analysing information it can both save itself a lot of money and also help to identify exploitable ideas, we might then see the beginnings of a breakthrough.
Intellectual property rights and wrongs
Authors: Thomas David
Published: January 2017

The exploitation of intellectual property rights is increasingly on the agenda of UK universities as a potential source of income at a time of continuing financial pressure. The need has now been recognized for clearly thought-through guidelines to be used in negotiations involving intellectual property. It is with the development of these guidelines that this paper is concerned.
Technology transfer
Authors: Barnes Allan D.
Published: January 2017

Four technology transfer practitioners from the UK set out to examine the technology transfer activities of four European universities, looking for examples of good practice, innovative schemes and common problems. This article gives a summary of their report. The conclusions drawn are that universities in general lack clear plans to develop technology transfer activities, that there is little sharing of experiences between universities, and that there is not an appropriate media channel for the technology transfer industry. The author forwards recommendations in view of these conclusions.
UK polytechnic higher education
Authors: Barden Laing
Published: January 2017

Although UK polytechnic higher education has been defined in terms of the application of multidisciplinary knowledge to the solution of practical problems, and to performance in the world of work, very little has been done to provide a theoretical framework or a properly researched model to help make the educational process effective in its delivery of the agreed philosophy and its objectives. This article proposes a research-based underpinning, centred on the concept of ‘competence', to help ensure that polytechnic HE actually delivers its declared objectives. Patrick Coldstream, Director of the Council for Industry and Higher Education, adds a supporting postscript to this article, encouraging the work of those like Laing Barden who are trying to develop a language of objective setting.
Bolton Technology Exchange
Authors: Bromley David
Published: January 2017

Bolton Technology Exchange is one of the newest and smallest science parks in the UK. It is located in the centre of Bolton in Lancashire and is just five minutes walk from Bolton Institute of Higher Education, with which it is associated. This article reports on the impact of Bolton Technology Exchange in rejuvenating the local economy.
Promoting technical innovation and entrepreneurship
Authors: Nicholls Harry
Published: January 2017

The Third International Technical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Symposium, Brisbane, Australia, 5–8 September 1988
Mathematics and Industry
Authors: Schlögmann W. , Wacker Hj.
Published: January 2017

The authors stress the increasing importance of mathematics to industry and present three brief case studies of the application of mathematical solutions to significant industrial problems. In the context of this evidence that mathematics can play a valuable role in tackling technical and economic problems in industry, the authors suggest ways to facilitate the transfer of mathematical skills to industry and point up consequences for the education of industrial mathematicians.
Educational Futures for the Construction Industry
Authors: Croome Derek J.
Published: January 2017

This article sets the UK construction industry in its European context and presents a series of proposals for unifying higher education courses and hence for developing a less fragmented profession. The education and status of engineers, architects and other professions involved in the industry are examined on an international basis. Current and recent developments in the reform of the UK industry are outlined and three main proposals are presented: the formation of a Council for Construction Education and Training; the formation of a network of Centres for the Built Environment; and a double degree combining the training of professionals involved in the industry.
A Case Study of Organizational Learning
Authors: Tiler Christine , Gibbons Michael
Published: January 2017

The authors set out their view of the firm as a learning organization, outline the objectives of the Teaching Company Scheme, and assess the ways in which it works in practice. They explore how firms are able to use the scheme effectively to tap in to knowledge held within higher-education institutions and so extend their knowledge base and increase their competitive performance. They look also at the potential for expanding the Scheme to operate in different contexts and for different kinds of knowledge-exchange problems. In particular, they examine the potential for extending the Scheme into greater numbers of small firms, and the problems likely to be encountered in doing so.
Industry—Higher Education Interaction: The Challenge of the 1990s
Authors: Hardiman T.P.
Published: January 2017

The classical role of the university may relate to the pursuit of knowledge by the individual but in recent times the scientific and technological prowess of the university is increasingly called on by industry in the pursuit of economic objectives. Science, technology and industry have been interdependent since the enlightenment, but this inter-dependence has never been so immediate and so obvious as it is today. From basic research through application research, from development to prototype, through to commercial application and marketing, the link between the generation of new knowledge and the translation of that knowledge into products and services depends on close interaction between those who undertake the research and those for whom the outcome of the research is the raw material for product development and commercialization.
Managing Change
Authors: Gehmlich Volker
Published: January 2017

Since 1987, programmes of the Commission of the European Communities, implemented by the Task Force for Human Resources (eg COMETT, Skills Project) have concentrated on how to cope with changes being caused by technology development. They have tried to structure the effects of these technology advances through a network of University–Enterprise Training Partnerships and actions such as skills needs analyses, training needs analyses, development of joint training materials and courses and staff/student mobility. However, no programme has yet adequately dealt with how these changes have to be managed, which skills are necessary, how management identifies changes and how it can implement these new technologies.
Technological Change, Innovation Infrastructure and Technology Transfer Networks
Authors: Herdzina Klaus , Nolte Bernd
Published: January 2017

The economic competitiveness of regions in Europe is affected by fundamental changes in the worldwide division of labour, by a decrease and differentiation in demand and by technological and organizational innovation. This is of considerable concern to rural economic regions with ‘classical’ production patterns, which face major adjustment problems in order to meet these structural changes. One of the main ‘structural weaknesses’ in regional adjustment processes in rural regions lies in the lack of innovation capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises, which are the backbone of their economic development. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of regional and technology policies concerned with the development of peripheral rural regions is to provide an adequate innovation infrastructure to promote know-how and technology transfer and to enlarge the regional pool of knowledge. To formulate recommendations for these policies, the influence on firms' behaviour of innovation-oriented technology transfer networks, the existence of information deficiencies within the businesses of rural regions, and the role played by the institutions of knowledge and technology transfer in the rural regions must be investigated. Based on theoretical and empirical studies in Baden-Württemberg in 1993/94 the authors present a conceptual framework for technology transfer in rural regions.
The Future of Industrial Training
Authors: Weimer William A.
Published: January 2017

Industrial training is experiencing great change, innovation and turbulence. As firms ‘re-engineer’ their organizations, training is coming under management scrutiny more than ever before. Those in the training business are often surprised by rapidly shifting needs, technology changes, demographic changes in the training business, and changes in business and organizational priorities. In this article, the author presents his views on the state of industrial training today. He criticizes a number of training practices as inefficient, and suggests that these are the practices on which we should concentrate as we improve the business of training. He makes predictions for the future of training technology and offers suggestions to industry, training firms, information providers and educational institutions. His purpose here is to focus the attention of management on key decisions which must be taken now if training is to be brought up to an acceptable level of efficiency and preparedness.
Distance Education in India
Authors: Natarajan R.
Published: January 2017

In this article, Professor Natarajan assesses the value and feasibility of distance education in degree-level and continuing education programmes in engineering and technology. Focusing on its applicability in India, he reviews experiences in other countries, describes the particular problems faced by developing countries, and summarizes the special characteristics which professional engineers need. He then sets out strengths and weaknesses of the single and dual modes of distance education, and considers its compatibility with continuing engineering education. Finally, Professor Natarajan discusses a range of current issues relating to engineering and distance education and looks at recent initiatives.
Chemistry and Properties of a Phenylethynyl-Terminated Imide Blend
Authors: Smith J. G. , Belvin H. L. , Siochi E. J. , Cano R. J. , Johnston N. J.
Published: January 2017

As part of an effort to develop a low-volatile, essentially dry, carbon fiber tape from a phenylethynyl-terminated imide for use in heated head automated tow placement, a 70:30 blend of LaRCTM PETI-5 and LaRCTM PETI-IAX was prepared in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone by mixing the phenylethynylterminated amide acid solutions together. Solutions of the amide acids and the blend were characterized by size exclusion chromatography after aging at room temperature and at 5 °C over a 30-day period. Thin films were periodically cast from the solutions, thermally cured, and the tensile properties determined. Unoriented thin-film tensile properties were unaffected by aging conditions over the 30-day period whereas the weight average molecular weights of the phenylethynyl-terminated amide acids decreased. Imide oligomers were prepared from the amide acids, characterized, and thermally cured. A low-volatile tape prepared from prepreg of the 70:30 blend was fabricated into composites by processing in a vacuum press. The thin-film tensile and composite properties of the blend generally followed a rule of mixtures.
Poly(arylene ether)s Containing Phenylphosphine Oxide Groups
Authors: Smith J. G. , Thompson C. M. , Watson K. A. , Connell J. W.
Published: January 2017

As part of a NASA program to develop materials for potential future space applications, poly(arylene ether)s containing phenylphosphine oxide groups were prepared and characterized. The polymers were synthesized by the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of two isomeric bisphenols, 2,5- dihydroxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide, with activated aromatic difluorides in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethylacetamide at 155 'C. The polymers exhibited inherent viscosities from 0.35 to 1.00 dL g- 1 and glass transition temperatures from 160 to 249 'C. Thermogravimetric analyses showed 5% weight loss ranging from 382 to 479 'C in air and 377 to 505 'C in nitrogen. Unoriented thin films exhibited tensile strengths, moduli, and break elongations at 23 'C of 49-94 MPa, 2.3-3.4 GPa, and 6-41%, respectively Limiting oxygen indices from 18-32 were calculated based on polymer char residues at 850 'C in nitrogen. The polymers exhibited relatively low solar absorptivities ranging from 0.04 to 0.16 and thermal emissivities ranging from 0.48 to 0.63. The chemistry, physical, and mechanical properties of these polymers are presented herein.
Chemistry and Properties of Poly (Arylene Ether Imidazole)s
Authors: Connell J. W. , Hergenrother P. M.
Published: January 2017

Poly(arylene ether imidazole)s were prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of two new bis(hydroxyimidazole) compounds with activated aromatic dihalides. The bis(hydroxyimidazole) compounds were prepared in high yields from either isophthalaldehyde or terephthalaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzil and ammonium acetate. The polymers had glass transition temperatures ranging from 245 to 301°C and inherent viscosities from 0.46 to 1.46 dlg-1. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a 5% weight loss occurring at about 400°C in air and about 500°C in nitrogen. Thin films tested at room temperature exhibited tensile strengths and moduli from 13.6 to 17.6 ksi and 396 to 464 ksi respectively. The polymers maintained good retention of room temperature strengths and moduli when tested at 177°C. Titanium-to-titanium tensile shear strengths measured at 23 and 177°C were 4000 and 3600 psi respectively. In addition, preliminary data were obtained on carbon fiber laminates. The chemistry, physical and mechanical properties of these polymers are discussed.
Arylidene Polymers XIII—Synthesis, Characterization and Morphology of New Unsaturated Polycarbonates via Phosgenation of Diarylidenecycloalkanones
Authors: Abd-Alla Mohamed A. , Aly Kamal I.
Published: January 2017

A new interesting class of linear unsaturated polycarbonates based on 2,5-bis(p-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone I, 2,5-divanillylidenecyclopentanone II, 2,6-bis(p-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone III, 2,6-divanillylidenecyclohexanone IV and 2,7-bis(p-hydroxybenzylidene) cycloheptanone V have been prepared. An inter-facial phosgenation technique carried out at ambient temperature was used for the synthesis of the polycarbonates. The resulting polycarbonates were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. The majority of the polycarbonates were soluble in halogenated solvents. The crystallinity of all the polymers was examined by X-ray analysis. In addition, the electrical properties of the polycarbonates were tested. Furthermore, the morphology of selected examples of the polycarbonates was examined by scanning electron microscopy.
Arylidene Polymers XIV—a New Synthetic Route to Copoly(ester-thioester)s by Direct Polycondensation of Thio-acids with Diarylidenecyclohexanone
Authors: Abd-Alla Mohamed A. , Aly Kamal I.
Published: January 2017

A novel method for the synthesis of copoly(ester-thioester)s of high molecular weight has been developed. These polymers were prepared readily by direct polycondensation of 4,4′-(terephthaloyldithio) diacetic acid I, 3,3′(isophthaloyldithio) diacetic acid II, or 1,8 (sebacoyldithio) diacetic acid III, with 2,6-bis(p-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone IV, and 2,6-divanillylidenecyclohexanone V, using a condensing agent consisting of a pyridine-thionyl chloride complex. The resulting polymers were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses, solubility, viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses. The crystallinities of all the polymers were examined by X-ray diffraction. Several physical and thermal characteristics were correlated with their chemical structures.
Glass-reinforced Polyimide Composites Based on Poly(2,5-furandiylmethylene)—III
Authors: Patel Hasmukh S. , Vyas Hemant S. , Lad Babu D.
Published: January 2017

A novel approach was used to develop a matrix resin for processable polyimide-glass-fibre composites. Furfuryl alcohol resin-poly(2,5-furandiylmethylene) and bismaleimides were polymerized (at 135 ± 10°C and 175 ± 10°C) by in situ Diels-Alder intermolecular reaction into moderately thermally stable and highly cross-linked polyimide-glass-fibre composites without the evaluation of by-products. The prepared composites (i.e. laminates) were characterized by their chemical resistance and mechanical properties.
Synthesis, Characterization and Glass Reinforcement of Poly(urethane-imide)s—Part 2
Authors: Patel Hasmukh S. , Vyas Hemant S.
Published: January 2017

Poly(urethane-imide)s (PUIs) were prepared by the intermolecular Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of 4-methyl-1,3-phenylenebis(2-furanylmethylcarbamate) (BFC) with various bismaleimides. The DA reaction was carried out in 1,4-dioxane as solvent, as well as in bulk, followed by aromatization of tetrahydrophthalimide intermediates in the presence of acetic anhydride. All the polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral studies and thermogravimetry. The PUIs exhibit moderate thermal stability. BFC and bismaleimides were polymerized (at 145 ± 10°C) by in situ DA intermolecular reaction into moderately thermally stable PUIs-glass fibre composite laminates and were characterized by their chemical resistance and mechanical properties.
Model-Based Control of An Active Fixture for Advanced Aerospace Components
Authors: Bakker O J , Popov A A , Salvi E , Merlo A , Ratchev S M
Published: January 2017

In this paper the dynamical behaviour of a flexible part and an actively controlled fixture system is studied. Four active clamps are used for the control of the part-fixture system. Advanced finite element (FE) analyses have been carried out to model the part and the adaptive clamps. An accurate small-sized model of the part is established using the Craig—Bampton reduction method. A second-order model has been established for the adaptive clamps on the basis of the FE model. The supports and part-fixture contacts are modelled as spring-dashpot elements. Piezoelectric actuators are utilized to provide the forces required for the adaptive clamping scheme. A model-based control architecture has been incorporated and proportional—integral (PI) controllers are established for the individual clamps. After investigating the performance of the controllers for dynamic compensation, analysis shows that PI control can be used effectively to minimize the reaction forces on the supports, induced by deflection caused by machining forces.
Introduction Religion in France: Belief, identity and laïcité
Authors: Kelly Michael
Published: January 2017

This is the introduction to a special number of French Cultural Studies devoted to religion in France, focusing on the issues of belief, identity and laïcité. The articles deal with social and cultural issues of secularity and identity, and also reach into philosophical argument and literary representation. They explore the relationship between France and Islam, issues of Jewish and Catholic heritage, the philosophical issues of belief and non-belief, and the historical roots of French secularism and the search for ways of living together.
Four (African) psychologies
Authors: Ratele Kopano
Published: January 2017

In “What is African psychology the psychology of?,” Augustine Nwoye asks a question that continues to trouble those with an interest in psychology in relation to African societies. This question, in various semblances, is not entirely new. And, to be sure, it is far from unique to Africa but instead tends to worry many socially conscious psychologists in countries in the global South. The effort Nwoye makes toward advancing African psychology warrants an extended response. In broad terms, I agree with the argument to advance an African psychology. However, there are differences between how we conceive of African psychology. Thus, this article asserts that the growth of Africa(n)-centred psychology is hindered by the view that it is singular and static instead of composed of dynamic and manifold orientations. The article presents four orientations to psychology in Africa, namely, psychology in Africa, cultural African psychology, critical African psychology, and psychological African Studies.
The character–personality distinction: An historical, conceptual, and functional investigation
Authors: Banicki Konrad
Published: January 2017

Many interdisciplinary discussions seem to operate on a tacit assumption that the notions of character and personality can be used interchangeably. In order to argue that such an assumption is at least partly erroneous, the character–personality distinction drawn in various contexts is systematically scrutinized both in an historical and conceptual way. Then, in turn, two particular issues are addressed. The character–personality distinction is shown to be reliant on the dichotomy between value and fact, respectively, and to have a considerable functional dimension with some of the functions fulfilled by the notion of character (but not by that one of personality). The outcomes achieved, finally, are referred to the subtle differences between the fact–value distinction and the Humean is–ought dichotomy.