bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Standardization of an Osteoradionecrosis Classification System in Head and Neck Cancer: Implementation of a Risk-Based Model
Authors: Watson Erin E. , Hueniken Katrina , Lee Junhyung , Huang Shao Hui , El Maghrabi Amr , Xu Wei , Moreno Amy C. , Tsai C. Jillian , Hahn Ezra , McPartlin Andrew J. , Yao Christopher M.K.L. , Goldstein David P. , De Almeida John R. , Waldon John N. , Fuller Clifton D. , Hope Andrew J. , Ruggiero Salvatore L. , Glogauer Michael , Hosni Ali A.
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORN) can manifest in varying severity. The aim of this study is to identify ORN risk factors and develop a novel classification to depict the severity of ORN.

METHODS

Consecutive patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with curative-intent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (≥45 Gy) from 2011 to 2017 were included. Occurrence of ORN was identified from in-house prospective dental and clinical databases and charts. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors and stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. A novel ORN classification system was developed to depict ORN severity by modifying existing systems and incorporating expert opinion. The performance of the novel system was compared with 15 existing systems for their ability to identify and predict serious ORN event (jaw fracture or requiring jaw resection).

RESULTS

ORN was identified in 219 of 2,732 (8%) consecutive patients with HNC. Factors associated with high risk of ORN were oral cavity or oropharyngeal primaries, received IMRT dose ≥60 Gy, current/ex-smokers, and/or stage III to IV periodontal condition. The ORN rate for high-risk versus low-risk patients was 12.7% versus 3.1% ( P < .001) with an AUC of 0.71. Existing ORN systems overclassified serious ORN events and failed to recognize maxillary ORN. A novel ORN classification system, ClinRad, was proposed on the basis of vertical extent of bone necrosis and presence/absence of exposed bone/fistula. This system detected serious ORN events in 5.7% of patients and statistically outperformed existing systems.

CONCLUSION

We identified risk factors for ORN and proposed a novel ORN classification system on the basis of vertical extent of bone necrosis and presence/absence of exposed bone/fistula. It outperformed existing systems in depicting the seriousness of ORN and may facilitate clinical care and clinical trials.
Branching topology of the human embryo transcriptome revealed by Entropy Sort Feature Weighting
Authors: Radley Arthur , Boeing Stefan , Smith Austin
Published: May 2024

Analysis of single cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) data is typically performed after subsetting to highly variable genes (HVGs). Here, we show that Entropy Sorting provides an alternative mathematical framework for feature selection. On synthetic datasets, continuous Entropy Sort Feature Weighting (cESFW) outperforms HVG selection in distinguishing cell-state-specific genes. We apply cESFW to six merged scRNA-seq datasets spanning human early embryo development. Without smoothing or augmenting the raw counts matrices, cESFW generates a high-resolution embedding displaying coherent developmental progression from eight-cell to post-implantation stages and delineating 15 distinct cell states. The embedding highlights sequential lineage decisions during blastocyst development, while unsupervised clustering identifies branch point populations obscured in previous analyses. The first branching region, where morula cells become specified for inner cell mass or trophectoderm, includes cells previously asserted to lack a developmental trajectory. We quantify the relatedness of different pluripotent stem cell cultures to distinct embryo cell types and identify marker genes of naïve and primed pluripotency. Finally, by revealing genes with dynamic lineage-specific expression, we provide markers for staging progression from morula to blastocyst.
c-fos induction in the choroid plexus, tanycytes and pars tuberalis is an early indicator of spontaneous arousal from torpor in a deep hibernator
Authors: Markussen Fredrik A. F. , Cázarez-Márquez Fernando , Melum Vebjørn J. , Hazlerigg David G. , Wood Shona H.
Published: May 2024

Hibernation is an extreme state of seasonal energy conservation, reducing metabolic rate to as little as 1% of the active state. During the hibernation season, many species of hibernating mammals cycle repeatedly between the active (aroused) and hibernating (torpid) states (T–A cycling), using brown adipose tissue (BAT) to drive cyclical rewarming. The regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain undefined but are presumed to involve thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus. Here, we used the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), and high-resolution monitoring of BAT, core body temperature and ventilation rate, to sample at precisely defined phases of the T–A cycle. Using c-fos as a marker of cellular activity, we show that although the dorsomedial hypothalamus is active during torpor entry, neither it nor the pre-optic area shows any significant changes during the earliest stages of spontaneous arousal. Contrastingly, in three non-neuronal sites previously linked to control of metabolic physiology over seasonal and daily time scales – the choroid plexus, pars tuberalis and third ventricle tanycytes – peak c-fos expression is seen at arousal initiation. We suggest that through their sensitivity to factors in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, these sites may mediate metabolic feedback-based initiation of the spontaneous arousal process.
Killing Prescriptions Softly: Low Emission Zones and Child Health from Birth to School
Authors: Klauber Hannah , Holub Felix , Koch Nicolas , Pestel Nico , Ritter Nolan , Rohlf Alexander
Published: May 2024

We examine the persistence of the impact of early-life exposure to air pollution on children’s health from birth to school enrollment using administrative public health insurance records covering one-third of all children in Germany. For identification, we exploit air quality improvements caused by Low Emission Zones, a policy imposing driving restrictions on emission-intensive vehicles. Our results indicate that children exposed to cleaner air in utero and their first year of life require less medication for at least five years. The initially latent health response materializes only gradually, leaving important but subtle health benefits undetected in common measures of infant health. (JEL I12, I13, J13, Q51, Q53, R48)
Ο χωρικός προσανατολισμός ως πλαίσιο για την ανάπτυξη της χωρικής σκέψης
Authors: Γκρέκα Χριστίνα
Published: May 2024

Είτε πρόκειται για καθημερινές δραστηριότητες όπως η πλοήγηση και η συναρμολόγηση επίπλων είτε για πιο σύνθετες όπως η κατανόηση της κίνησης των πλανητών και της δομής του DNA, η χωρική σκέψη αποτελεί απαραίτητη δεξιότητα, η οποία περιλαμβάνει τη χρήση χωρικών εννοιών και αναπαραστάσεων για την αποτελεσματική υποστήριξη των διαδικασιών χωρικού συλλογισμού. Παρόλο που οι ερευνητές υπογραμμίζουν ότι η χωρική σκέψη δεν είναι μόνο βελτιώσιμη αλλά και πολύ σημαντικό να ασκηθεί, οι υπάρχουσες έρευνες, που συχνά διεξάγονται εκτός εκπαιδευτικών περιβαλλόντων, δεν έχουν ακόμη παρέχει σαφείς αρχές σχεδιασμού για την ανάπτυξη της, ιδιαίτερα αναφορικά με τα μικρά παιδιά. Στις μέρες μας, η χωρική σκέψη περιλαμβάνει επίσης την κατανόηση νέων ειδών χωρικών αναπαραστάσεων που παρέχονται από ψηφιακά μέσα, όπως το GPS. Η παρούσα μελέτη επικεντρώνεται στο πώς μαθητές 12 ετών χρησιμοποιούν δυναμικά διασυνδεδεμένες ψηφιακές αναπαραστάσεις, που παρέχονται από ψηφιακά μέσα σύγχρονης τεχνολογίας για να αναπτύξουν τη χωρική τους σκέψη κατά τη διάρκεια δραστηριοτήτων ενσώματης μάθησης. Ακολουθώντας τη μεθοδολογία έρευνας βασισμένης στον σχεδιασμό, η μελέτη περιλαμβάνει τον σχεδιασμό δραστηριοτήτων πλοήγησης στον φυσικό και ψηφιακά προσομοιωμένο χώρο με τη χρήση πολλαπλών χωρικών αναπαραστάσεων και την υλοποίησή τους σε πραγματικά εκπαιδευτικά πλαίσια. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης δείχνουν ότι οι μαθητές ανέπτυξαν τη χωρική τους γνώση και ανέπτυξαν και τις διαδικασίες χωρικού συλλογισμού κατανοώντας τη σύνδεση μεταξύ διαφορετικών χωρικών αναπαραστάσεων και της σωματικής τους εμπειρίας. Μέσα από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων η παρούσα μελέτη περιγράφει τους συλλογισμούς και τα νοήματα που ανέπτυξαν και επικοινωνήσαν τα παιδιά. Η μελέτη παρέχει πρακτικές ενδείξεις για τους τρόπους με τους οποίους οι μαθητές συνδυάζουν χωρικές αναπαραστάσεις για να υποστηρίξουν τη χωρική τους σκέψη και για τα παιδαγωγικά ζητήματα που προκύπτουν καθώς οι αναπαραστάσεις που χρησιμοποιούνται συνδέονται δυναμικά με τη σωματική εμπειρία των μαθητών.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Lebanese patients with type II diabetes towards the use and abuse of dietary supplements: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdallah Maher , Dandachy Sahar , Ahmad Nour , Sleiman Marwa , Mansour Rania , Hoteit Maha
Published: May 2024

Background Dietary supplements (DS) use among Lebanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increased widely due to the country’s economic and financial situation. This study was conducted (1) to estimate the prevalence of DS use among persons with T2DM amid the escalating economic crisis in Lebanon; (2) to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of DS use; and (3) to determine any significant association between socio-economic and socio-demographic factors and the use of DS modality Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the worst episode of the economic crisis between October and April 2022 on 460 adult patients with T2DM of both sexes. Patients were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results Almost 4 out of 10 patients with T2DM in our study were found to be using DS, where 27.6% take multivitamins frequently. One-third of the participants agreed that nutritional supplements are necessary to control diabetes symptoms and complications. Around 41.1% of the participants complained about hypoglycemia and used DS to control their blood sugar levels (56.4%), while the rest used it to improve their health (35.5%) and control their diet (2.2%). The predictors of DS usage were the patient’s level of education [OR=3.9, CI=1.5-10, p=0.003), self-monitoring of blood sugars (OR=4.9, CI=1.68-14.6; p=0.004) and reading the nutrition label [OR=59.3, CI=6.3-55.8, p=0.000]. Conclusion This study estimated the prevalence of DS use and abuse, among persons with diabetes type II and found three significant predictors of DS use among patients with T2DM. Public health experts should encourage healthy discussions and awareness with their patients to comprehend their views regarding DS use.
Factors influencing use and choice of Core Outcome Sets and outcome measurement instruments in trials of interventions to prevent childhood obesity: A survey protocol
Authors: Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Anokye Reindolf , Dutch Dimity , Duffy Moira , Looney Eibhlin , Brown Victoria , Browne John , Dahly Darren , Devane Declan , Harrington Janas , Hayes Catherine , Johnson Brittany , Kearney Patricia M , J Kirkham Jamie , Leahy-Warren Patricia , Murphy Andrew W , Redsell Sarah , Seidler Anna Lene , Skouteris Helen
Published: May 2024

Background Two core outcome sets for childhood obesity prevention have been developed; standardised sets of outcome measurement instruments for these core outcome sets are currently being developed. Core outcome sets and standardised measurement sets can reduce heterogeneity and improve evidence syntheses for trials of interventions to prevent childhood obesity and/or interventions to improve child health behaviours related to childhood obesity. Such benefits are only realised if core outcome sets and standardised measurement sets are used in trials. The aims of this study are 1) to examine trialists’ awareness and attitudes towards the two existing core outcome sets and factors influencing their use; 2) to explore the characteristics of outcome measurement instruments that trialists currently use; and 3) to better understand how trialists choose outcome measurement instruments and the factors that influence those choices. Methods A cross-sectional online survey will be conducted with researchers involved in the design and/or conduct of trials of interventions to prevent childhood obesity and/or to improve child health behaviours related to childhood obesity, in children aged 0 to 5 years (trialists). Trialists will be recruited using purposive sampling, and will complete a 22-item survey examining trialist characteristics, awareness of the existing core outcome sets, factors influencing use of the existing core outcome sets, characteristics of measurement instruments, how trialists choose measurement instruments, and factors influencing choice of measurement instrument. Quantitative data will be analysed descriptively; responses to open-ended questions will be analysed using qualitative content analysis. Conclusions Findings from this study will inform approaches to maximising use of core outcome sets and standardised measurement sets for childhood obesity prevention. Use of standardised approaches to what and how outcomes are measured in this area will reduce heterogeneity and research waste and enhance evidence syntheses to better determine intervention effects.
Acid leaching technology for post-consumer gypsum purification
Authors: Castro-Diaz Miguel , Osmani Mohamed , Cavalaro Sergio , Needham Paul , Parker Bill , Lovato Tatiana
Published: May 2024

Background Contaminants and water-soluble salts present in mechanically recycled gypsum from refurbishment and demolition (post-consumer) plasterboard waste limit its use as a secondary raw material in plasterboard manufacturing. This research addresses this limitation, developing a novel acid leaching purification technology combined with an improved mechanical pre-treatment for post-consumer gypsum valorization. Methods Laboratory-scale acid leaching purification was performed with a borosilicate beaker, hot plate, and overhead stirrer. Stuccos were produced after calcination of gypsum at 150 °C for 3 hours. Samples were characterized through X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Results Acid leaching at 90 °C for 1 h using a 5 wt% sulfuric acid solution was revealed to be the optimum purification conditions. Stuccos produced from purified gypsum under optimum conditions had similar initial setting times to that of a commercial stucco but with higher water demand, which could be reduced by optimizing the calcination conditions. A magnesium-rich gypsum was precipitated from the wastewater. Conclusions Purified post-consumer gypsum with > 96 wt% chemical purity and calcium sulfate dihydrate content was produced. The research recommends acid neutralization prior filtration, use of gypsum particles < 2 mm in size, and stirring speed of 50 rpm to reduce the economic and environmental impacts of the acid leaching purification process at industrial scale. The magnesium-rich gypsum could potentially be marketed as soil fertilizer.
Continuous Auditing and Continuous Certification of Cloud Services in MEDINA – Security Auditor’s View
Authors: Suhonen Tatu , Martínez Cristina
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses views on continuous auditing and continuous certification of cloud services in the context of the MEDINA EU project and the security auditing industry. Based on an introduction of MEDINA, the notions of continuous auditing and continuous certification are introduced from a security auditor’s perspective to discuss the opportunities and challenges related to these topics. The paper also discusses further actions beyond this project in order to provide feedback on how continuous auditing and certification can be developed and introduced to the market.
Sport impact on patients with psoriasis and psychiatric problems
Authors: Sambura Maria , Rosołowska-Żak Sara , Sas Wiktoria , Podyma Katarzyna , Ryznar Gracja , Rejdych Julia , Pierzchała Piotr , Minkowska Michalina , Chimiak Krystyna , Bylica Gabriela
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease with an immunological basis. The estimated number of people suffering from psoriasis is 60 million. Despite the large number of patients with this diagnosis, the question of which mechanisms are mainly responsible for its development has not yet been answered. One theory is that a change in the patient's psychological state acts as a trigger for the manifestation and worsening of the disease. Another unresolved issue is the relationship between sports and psoriasis. While some studies suggest exercise might worsen symptoms, others highlight potential benefits like improved quality of life.
Aim of the study : The aim of our study is to present connection between mental state of patients and occurance of psoriasis.  Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the potential benefits of integrating psychological interventions and physical activity into psoriasis management strategies, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and enhancing overall quality of life.
Material and methods : We searched electronic databases, using keywords such as „Psoriasis”, „Depression” and „Psoriasis and sport ”.
Conclusions : Psoriasis stands as a profound example of the intricate interplay between physical health and mental well-being. The findings presented in this paper underscore the importance of a holistic approach to psoriasis management, integrating dermatological, psychological, and physical interventions.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Metal Complexes of Pregabalin and Terbutaline: Spectroscopic Insights and Molecular Docking in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Barot Parth Anilkumar , Maradiya Mohyuddin Abdulbhai , Vora Jabali J.
Published: May 2024

The study investigated the formation of cobalt, nickel, and copper metal complexes by reacting metal chloride with the ligand pregabalin and the medication terbutaline. The complexes had the formula C20H40N2O7MCl2, where M = Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). The analysis used elemental data, molar mass, and infrared (IR) spectrum studies. The IR frequencies of the ligand bands showed changes, indicating coordination with the metal ion. The study found that the ligands pregabalin and terbutaline exhibited bidentate properties of metal complexes. The research focused on how metal complexation affected the functionality of terbutaline and pregabalin complexes about Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). The results demonstrated strong interactions with amino acids in the binding region of the targeted protein. The study suggested that zinc metal carboxylates with antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties could be beneficial in treating Alzheimer's diseases.
Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Sweet Orange Peels as a Mediating Agent and their Antibacterial Properties
Authors: V B Sumithranand , M S Roxy , G Vaishnavi
Published: May 2024

This study presents the environmentally friendly synthesis of Citrus sinensis bio-mediated Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The characterization techniques, including XRD, UV Visible spectroscopy, and FTIR, provide insight into the structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The determined average crystalline size using the Debey Scherrer equation is 15.57 nm, highlighting the nanoscale nature of the particles. The band gap energy of the sample was measured as 3.26 eV through UV-Visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was assessed against Salmonella typhimurium, Staph. Aureus, S. faecalis, and E. Coli, using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The findings suggest the potential of these nanoparticles as effective antibacterial agents.
Influence of acetabular and femoral morphology on pelvic tilt
Authors: Heimann Alexander F. , Murmann Valérie , Schwab Joseph M. , Tannast Moritz
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate whether anterior pelvic plane-pelvic tilt (APP-PT) is associated with distinct hip pathomorphologies. We asked: is there a difference in APP-PT between young symptomatic patients being evaluated for joint preservation surgery and an asymptomatic control group? Does APP-PT vary among distinct acetabular and femoral pathomorphologies? And does APP-PT differ in symptomatic hips based on demographic factors?

Methods

This was an institutional review board-approved, single-centre, retrospective, case-control, comparative study, which included 388 symptomatic hips in 357 patients who presented to our tertiary centre for joint preservation between January 2011 and December 2015. Their mean age was 26 years (SD 2; 23 to 29) and 50% were female. They were allocated to 12 different morphological subgroups. The study group was compared with a control group of 20 asymptomatic hips in 20 patients. APP-PT was assessed in all patients based on supine anteroposterior pelvic radiographs using validated HipRecon software. Values in the two groups were compared using an independent-samples t-test. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the influences of diagnoses and demographic factors on APP-PT. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for APP-PT was defined as > 1 SD.

Results

There were no significant differences in APP-PT between the control group and the overall group (1.1° (SD 3.0°; -4.9° to 5.9°) vs 1.8° (SD 3.4°; -6.9° to 13.2°); p = 0.323). Acetabular retroversion and overcoverage groups showed higher mean APP-PTs compared with the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014) and were the only diagnoses with a significant influence on APP-PT in the stepwise multiple regression analysis. All differences were below the MCID. The age, sex, height, weight, and BMI showed no influence on APP-PT.

Conclusion

APP-PT showed no radiologically significant variation across different pathomorphologies of the hip in patients being assessed for joint-preserving surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):3–10.
Dual-mobility bearings reduce instability but may not be the only answer in revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation
Authors: Scholz Johann , Perka Carsten , Hipfl Christian
Published: May 2024

Aims

There is little information in the literature about the use of dual-mobility (DM) bearings in preventing re-dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to compare the use of DM bearings, standard bearings, and constrained liners in revision THA for recurrent dislocation, and to identify risk factors for re-dislocation.

Methods

We reviewed 86 consecutive revision THAs performed for dislocation between August 2012 and July 2019. A total of 38 revisions (44.2%) involved a DM bearing, while 39 (45.3%) and nine (10.5%) involved a standard bearing and a constrained liner, respectively. Rates of re-dislocation, re-revision for dislocation, and overall re-revision were compared. Radiographs were assessed for the positioning of the acetabular component, the restoration of the centre of rotation, leg length, and offset. Risk factors for re-dislocation were determined by Cox regression analysis. The modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHSs) were recorded. The mean age of the patients at the time of revision was 70 years (43 to 88); 54 were female (62.8%). The mean follow-up was 5.0 years (2.0 to 8.75).

Results

DM bearings were used significantly more frequently in elderly patients (p = 0.003) and in hips with abductor deficiency (p < 0.001). The re-dislocation rate was 13.2% for DM bearings compared with 17.9% for standard bearings, and 22.2% for constrained liners (p = 0.432). Re-revision-free survival for DM bearings was 84% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 0.91) compared with 74% (95% CI 0.67 to 0.81) for standard articulations, and 67% (95% CI 0.51 to 0.82) for constrained liners (p = 0.361). Younger age (hazard ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.99); p = 0.031), lower comorbidity (HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.95); p = 0.037), smaller heads (HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.99); p = 0.046), and retention of the acetabular component (HR 8.26 (95% CI 1.37 to 49.96); p = 0.022) were significantly associated with re-dislocation. All DM bearings which re-dislocated were in patients with abductor muscle deficiency (HR 48.34 (95% CI 0.03 to 7,737.98); p = 0.303). The radiological analysis did not reveal a significant relationship between restoration of the geometry of the hip and re-dislocation. The mean mHHSs significantly improved from 43 points (0 to 88) to 67 points (20 to 91; p < 0.001) at the final follow-up, with no differences between the types of bearing.

Conclusion

We found that the use of DM bearings reduced the rates of re-dislocation and re-revision in revision THA for recurrent dislocation, but did not guarantee stability. Abductor deficiency is an important predictor of persistent instability.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):89–97.
Patients undergoing robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty have a greater improvement in knee-specific pain but not in function
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Galloway Steven , Baron Jenny , Smith Karen , Weir David J. , Deehan David J.
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim was to assess whether robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) had greater knee-specific outcomes, improved fulfilment of expectations, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient satisfaction when compared with manual TKA (mTKA).

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was undertaken (May 2019 to December 2021), and patients were allocated to either mTKA or rTKA. A total of 100 patients were randomized, 50 to each group, of whom 43 rTKA and 38 mTKA patients were available for review at 12 months following surgery. There were no statistically significant preoperative differences between the groups. The minimal clinically important difference in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score was defined as 7.5 points.

Results

There were no clinically or statistically significant differences between the knee-specific measures (WOMAC, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS)) or HRQoL measures (EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) and EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS)) at 12 months between the groups. However, the rTKA group had significantly (p = 0.029) greater improvements in the WOMAC pain component (mean difference 9.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 18.4) over the postoperative period (two, six, and 12 months), which was clinically meaningful. This was not observed for function (p = 0.248) or total (p = 0.147) WOMAC scores. The rTKA group was significantly (p = 0.039) more likely to have expectation of ‘Relief of daytime pain in the joint’ when compared with the mTKA group. There were no other significant differences in expectations met between the groups. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction with their knee (p = 0.464), return to work (p = 0.464), activities (p = 0.293), or pain (p = 0.701).

Conclusion

Patients undergoing rTKA had a clinically meaningful greater improvement in their knee pain over the first 12 months, and were more likely to have fulfilment of their expectation of daytime pain relief compared with patients undergoing mTKA. However, rTKA was not associated with a clinically significant greater knee-specific function or HRQoL, according to current definitions.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):450–459.
The Picturesque Front in Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms
Authors: Helm Kristen Price
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms portrays the brutality of the Great War by capturing the beauty of the land and lives that it interrupts and often destroys. Heir to the Romantics, Hemingway shared their love for nature and heroic ideals. Elements of the picturesque movement, a subgenre of Romanticism that focuses on landscape, in American literature can be detected in his scenic descriptions in Farewell . These beautiful scenes when contrasted with the harsh and grotesque tragedies of war provide a compelling illustration of the new modern era. Frederic Henry's description of the front as "picturesque" points to the beauty of Italy, and, ironically, the hideousness of war.
Optimizing LED array irradiance uniformity with a particle swarm optimization-based scheme: application in a parallel photoreactor
Authors: Mei Junnan , Zou Jun
Published: May 2024

This study proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based method for enhancing the irradiance uniformity of light emitting diode (LED) arrays in parallel photoreactors. We construct a spatial irradiance model, validating its accuracy with near-field optical test data and optical simulation results. An evaluation function for irradiance uniformity guides the iterative optimization of the LED arrangement, taking into consideration practical constraints such as chip size, heat dissipation, and circuit board wiring. The optimized LED array demonstrated a significant improvement in irradiance uniformity, increasing from 75.27% to 95.61%. This showcases the feasibility and effectiveness of our PSO-based method for practical applications in optimizing LED arrays.
Dual-track spectrometer design for 1D gas-phase Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Koschnick Konrad , Ferris Alison M. , Lill Johannes , Stark Marcel , Winkler Nico , Weinmann Andreas , Dreizler Andreas , Geyer Dirk
Published: May 2024

In this study, a new design for a 1D gas-phase Raman spectrometer is presented, utilizing two dedicated tracks to image different properties of the measured signal onto a single charge-coupled device (CCD) chip. Two possible configurations are shown: a polarization-separation configuration, which separates the detected Raman signal into s- and p-polarized shares; and a dual-resolution configuration, which captures all process-relevant species in a range of approximately 515-4650 cm−1 on one track and the highly resolved nitrogen spectrum on the other. This new spectrometer design offers several advantages when compared to traditional polarization-separation/dual-resolution systems, which often use switchable filters or two different spectrometers in tandem to achieve comparable measurements. Employing only one camera eliminates signal drift and minimizes calibration as well as spatial/spectral mapping issues. To validate instrument performance, the detection was paired with a continuous wave (CW) excitation system and used to measure in two generic but diagnostically challenging flow scenarios: flow near a heated surface, where thermal radiation is significant addressed by the polarization-separation configuration of the spectrometer and a channel flow at moderate temperatures in confined space, where the dual-resolution configuration of the spectrometer was employed. The results for both configurations and experiments showcase the instrument’s ability to effectively suppress background radiation (polarization-separation) or measure local gas-phase temperatures with higher accuracy (dual-resolution) and are complemented with resolution measurements yielding a maximum spatial resolution of 21.9 lp/mm along the 1D probe volume.
Accuracy improvement of two-dimensional shape reconstruction based on OFDR using first-order differential local filtering
Authors: Bai Qing , Yang Guojing , Liang Changshuo , Zhou Xingyu , Xue Haoyang , Wang Yu , Liu Xin , Jin Baoquan
Published: May 2024

The accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) shape reconstruction is highly susceptible to fake peaks in the strain distribution measured by optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). In this paper, a post-processing method using first-order differential local filtering is proposed to suppress fake peaks and further improve the accuracy of shape reconstruction. By analyzing the principles of 2D shape reconstruction, an explanation of how fake peaks lead to shape reconstruction errors is provided, along with the introduction of an error evaluation standard. The principle of first-order differential local filtering is presented, and its feasibility is verified by simulation. An OFDR 2D shape reconstruction system is built, with three groups of 2D shape reconstruction experiments carried out, including up bending, down bending and arch bending. The experimental results show that the end errors of the three groups of shape reconstruction are respectively reduced from 2.33%, 2.97%, and 1.07% to 0.25%, 0.78%, and 0.20%, at the shape reconstruction length of 0.5 m. The research demonstrates that the accuracy of OFDR 2D shape reconstruction can be improved by using first-order differential local filtering.
Quasi-bound states in the continuum for electromagnetic induced transparency and strong excitonic coupling
Authors: Hajian Hodjat , Zhang Xia , McCormack Oisin , Zhang Yongliang , Dobie Jack , Rukhlenko Ivan D. , Ozbay Ekmel , Louise Bradley A.
Published: May 2024

Advancing on previous reports, we utilize quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) supported by a metasurface of TiO2 meta-atoms with broken inversion symmetry on an SiO2 substrate, for two possible applications. Firstly, we demonstrate that by tuning the metasurface's asymmetric parameter, a spectral overlap between a broad q-BIC and a narrow magnetic dipole resonance is achieved, yielding an electromagnetic induced transparency analogue with a 50 μs group delay. Secondly, we have found that, due to the strong coupling between the q-BIC and WS2 exciton at room temperature and normal incidence, by integrating a single layer of WS2 to the metasurface, a 37.9 meV Rabi splitting in the absorptance spectrum with 50% absorption efficiency is obtained. These findings promise feasible two-port devices for visible range slow-light characteristics or nanoscale excitonic coupling.
Characterization of heart rate variability in end-stage renal disease patients after kidney transplantation with recurrence quantification analysis
Authors: Solorio-Rivera Amara Hazel , Calderón-Juárez Martín , Arellano-Martínez Jesús , Lerma Claudia , González-Gómez Gertrudis Hortensia
Published: May 2024

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive approach to studying the autonomic modulation of heart rate in experimental settings, such as active standing sympathetic stimulation. It is known that patients with end-stage renal disease during active standing have few changes in HRV dynamics, which are improved after hemodialysis. However, it is unknown whether the response to active standing is recovered after definitive treatment with kidney transplantation. This work aims to assess the change in HRV dynamics in the supine position and active standing through time and frequency-based metrics, as well as recurrence plot quantitative analysis (RQA). We studied HRV dynamics by obtaining 5-minute electrocardiographic recordings from kidney transplant recipients who underwent an active standing test. The mean duration of heartbeats and their standard deviation diminished in active standing, compared with the supine position. Also, the low-frequency component of HRV and the presence of diagonal and vertical structures in RQA were predominant. A larger estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly correlated with broader HRV in the supine position and during active standing. The narrower HRV during active standing may indicate a sympathetic response to external stimuli, which is expected in a functional cardiovascular system, and may be influenced by renal function.
Caribbean red snapper fishing performance indicators in Brazilian amazon shelf: Is it the beginning of the end of a fishing system?
Authors: Mescouto Niedja , Peixoto Ualerson Iran , Trindade Diego Gomes , Moura Hanna , Bentes Bianca
Published: May 2024

Red snapper fishing (Lutjanus purpureus) is an important fishing activity for the Brazilian economy due to its export. The scarcity of up-to-date information on this system’s ecology, economy, and social characteristics contributes to inefficient management. We analyze whether the commercial snapper fishery on the Amazon continental shelf is socioecologically sustainable. For this, an assessment tool was used that can be applied to fishing systems with little data, the Fisheries Performance Indicators (FPI). The results showed that the critical points of this activity are mainly related to the Ecological indicator (2.3) and the Economic indicator (2.8). The best indicator was the Community (3.8). The problems that put at risk the permanence of the activity and its maintenance are: (i) fishing for juveniles; (ii) illegal vessels; (iii) lack of collaboration of the fishing sector with science, and (iv) unreliability of data supplied. All the points mentioned make the snapper fishery on the north coast of Brazil socio-ecologically unsustainable in the long term.
Unveiling the gut bacteriome diversity and distribution in the national fish hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) of Bangladesh
Authors: Kawser A. Q. M. Robiul , Hoque M. Nazmul , Rahman M. Shaminur , Sakif Tahsin Islam , Coffey Tracey J. , Islam Tofazzal
Published: May 2024

The field of fish microbiome research has rapidly been advancing, primarily focusing on farmed or laboratory fish species rather than natural or marine fish populations. This study sought to reveal the distinctive gut bacteriome composition and diversity within the anadromous fish species Tenualosa ilisha (hilsa), which holds the status of being the national fish of Bangladesh. We conducted an analysis on 15 gut samples obtained from 15 individual hilsa fishes collected from three primary habitats (e.g., freshwater = 5, brackish water = 5 and marine water = 5) in Bangladesh. The analysis utilized metagenomics based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions. Our comprehensive identification revealed a total of 258 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The observed OTUs were represented by six phyla, nine classes, 19 orders, 26 families and 40 genera of bacteria. Our analysis unveiled considerable taxonomic differences among the habitats (freshwater, brackish water, and marine water) of hilsa fishes, as denoted by a higher level of shared microbiota (p = 0.007, Kruskal-Wallis test). Among the identified genera in the gut of hilsa fishes, including Vagococcus, Morganella, Enterobacter, Plesiomonas, Shigella, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Serratia, Aeromonas, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus, and Hafnia, several are recognized as fish probiotics. Importantly, some bacterial genera such as Sinobaca, Synechococcus, Gemmata, Serinicoccus, Saccharopolyspora, and Paulinella identified in the gut of hilsa identified in this study have not been reported in any aquatic or marine fish species. Significantly, we observed that 67.50% (27/40) of bacterial genera were found to be common among hilsa fishes across all three habitats. Our findings offer compelling evidence for the presence of both exclusive and communal bacteriomes within the gut of hilsa fishes, exhibiting potential probiotic properties. These observations could be crucial for guiding future microbiome investigations in this economically significant fish species.
Erfolgreiche Absorption oder Übersetzungsdefizit?
Authors: Tell Sarah
Published: May 2024

Sarah Tell widmet sich in diesem Beitrag dem Zusammenspiel zwischen der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) und neurechten Protestakteuren. Konkret vergleicht der Beitrag politische Problemdiagnosen und Forderungen, die maßnahmenkritische Protestakteure und AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete in Sachsen während der Corona-Pandemie in die Konfliktaustragung um ein angemessenes Pandemiemanagement einbrachten. Die empirische Analyse von Telegram-Daten und Plenardebatten im sächsischen Landtag zeigt, dass die AfD die Frames der Protestierenden nur partiell in die parlamentarische Konfliktaustragung überführt, während in der Telegram-Kommunikation der Landtagsabgeordneten eine deutlich größere Überschneidung mit den Protestierenden besteht. Die unterschiedlichen Kommunikationsstrategien ermöglichen es der AfD, verschiedene Wählergruppen anzusprechen.
Ethnography with a Faith Community
Authors: Cosan Eke Deniz
Published: May 2024

A researcher studying a faith community should take into account that everyone in that faith community has an idea, feeling, or understanding of that faith. Thus, when one holds the role of researcher of a faith, even if s/he is a member of that faith, the researcher's expertise in all aspects of that faith will be tested by the believers. This testing situation may sometimes be in the form of questions, and sometimes in the form of observation of the researcher's participation in the rituals of the faith. In other words, while the researcher is observing a community, s/he is also observed by that community. Drawing on my PhD research, supervised by Martin Sökefeld, this chapter reflects on both my emotional stumbling as a member of this faith and my experiences as a researcher conducting ethnographic fieldwork with Alevis and Alevism.
Reicht uns Sichtbarkeit?
Authors: Grzybek Sara
Published: May 2024

Sara Grzybeks Essay "Reicht uns Sichtbarkeit? Wie Gaming meinen Blick auf queere Lebensrealitäten geprägt hat" beschreibt auf persönliche Weise die Erfahrung des queeren Spielens und verwendet diese als Ausgangspunkt für eine Kritik an angeblich trans-positiven Repräsentationen wie in Cyberpunk 2077. Grzybeks Beitrag hebt hervor, dass es nicht ausreicht, Protagonist:innen visuell oder narrativ als queer darzustellen, wenn diese Queerness sonst keine weiteren Konsequenzen für den Spielverlauf hat. Dies ist jedoch eine Voraussetzung für eine nachhaltige Identifikation und damit Ermächtigung sowohl queerer Spieler:innen als auch für queere Menschen.
Wating for the ›Momification of Games‹?
Authors: Berner Natalie
Published: May 2024

Repräsentation ist eine Voraussetzung für Ermächtigung und Teilnahme - in Spielwelten, wie in der Politik. Natalie Berners Beitrag "'"Momification of Games'"- Repräsentation von Mutterschaft im Videospiel" untersucht, wie eine zentrale Identitätskategorie - Mütter - in Videospielen dargestellt werden. Ihr Beitrag Kapitel zeigt anhand einer kategoriengeleiteten Inhaltsanalyse von 15 Spielen, dass Mütter in Videospielen vor allem durch ihre Abwesenheit auffallen. Im Gegensatz zu Vätern, denen in den letzten Jahren in zentralen Spieltiteln eine Reihe neuer Rollen zugeschrieben wurden, bleiben Mütter hauptsächlich im Hintergrund, dienen vorwiegend als typisierte emotionale Trigger und spielen nur selten eine aktive Rolle. Berner verbindet in ihrer Arbeit Fokus auf spielerische Inhalte mit kritischen Fragen an den Produktionskontext, um so die Abwesenheit von Müttern mit Faktoren wie Spielerdemographien, fehlende Diversität in Teams von Entwicklerinnen sowie Profitinteressen der Spielindustrie zu erklären.
Von der Sinnlichkeit des Menschen
Authors: Hölscher Stefan
Published: May 2024

Feuerbachs Sinnlichkeit des Menschen stellt eine Abkehr vom gewaltsamen Subjektivismus Europas dar, der sich kolonialgeschichtlich durchgesetzt hat und auf den auch die aktuelle Klimakrise zurückgeht. Vor diesem Hintergrund bringt Stefan Hölscher Feuerbachs Kritik am Christentum sowie an der modernen Subjektphilosophie mit dekolonialen Ansätzen ins Gespräch und macht diese für ein Nachdenken über Gegenwartskunst im postkolonialen Anthropozän produktiv. In den besprochenen Werken spiegeln sich Feuerbachs Plädoyers für Pluralität und Alterität - eine theoretische Bereicherung aktueller Gegenwartskritik, die über die Theaterwissenschaft hinausgeht und bis in die postkoloniale Philosophie reicht.
Zeigen, Anführen, Folgen - Schrift und Sozialität in praktischer Kontrapunktlehre im Übergang vom 16. zum 17. Jahrhundert
Authors: Jeßulat Ariane
Published: May 2024

Ariane Jeßulat widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage der Performativität von Gender in der Aufführungs- und Lehrpraxis von Mehrstimmigkeit im 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhundert. An Hand der Ikonographie von Drucken um 1600 zeigt der Beitrag, wie Vorstellungen von Sozialität und Gender in kulturellen Praktiken, Antikenrezeption und Ikonographie verwurzelt sind und als lesbare, aber auch in der Anwendung performative Narrative die künstlerische Praxis durchdringen. Die Unterschiede zwischen bildlichen Darstellungen, gestischer Praxis und Notationen sind dabei graduell. Der Beitrag argumentiert hermeneutisch an den Schnittstelle von Schriftbildlichkeit (Sigrid Weigel) und rekonstruierter Aufführungspraxis und kontextualisiert Fragen von Genderperformance in der Geschichte der Musiktheorie des frphen 17. Jahrhunderts.
Genderperformance (in der Musik) - Wer schreibt die ›scripts‹?
Authors: Brüstle Christa
Published: May 2024

Christa Brüstle widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach bestehenden Genderkonventionen und -klischees in der westlich geprägten Musikkultur, Musikpraxis und im Konzertleben. Sie diskutiert, wie diese Konventionen entstehen und verändert werden könnten. Dabei werden unausgesprochene "scripts" angenommen, die sozialen Verhältnissen und Aufführungen zugrunde liegen. Die Autorschaft dieser "scripts" und ihrer Veränderungen wird diskutiert, wobei davon auszugehen ist, dass sie in der Musikausbildung ebenso wie in der Musikwissenschaft und theoretischen Reflexion von Musik verankert ist.
Unmögliche Wirklichkeiten
Authors: Breede Laura
Published: May 2024

Fotografische Bilder stehen seit jeher im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Evidenz und Konstruktion. Insbesondere die zunehmend komplexer werdenden Möglichkeiten fotografischer Bildproduktion im digitalen Raum stellen einen vermeintlichen Realitätsbezug in Frage. Basierend auf einer Diskursanalyse philosophischer sowie bild- und medientheoretischer Bildwahrnehmungskonzepte entwirft Laura Breede ein Analyseinstrumentarium, um fotografische Phänomene der Gegenwart im Schwellenbereich zwischen Fiktion und Dokumentation zu fassen. Fotokünstlerische Arbeiten von Andreas Gefeller, Thomas Demand, Andreas Gursky und Michael Reisch lassen sich damit als Unmögliche Wirklichkeiten kategorisieren.
Die Frauengesundheitsbewegung
Authors: Boehm Susanne
Published: May 2024

In den 1970er Jahren trat die Frauengesundheitsbewegung als kreative feministische Strömung in Erscheinung, die das männlich dominierte Gesundheitssystem radikal infrage stellte. Ausgehend von aktivistischen Selbstzeugnissen und Interviews können Anliegen, Ziele und Aktionsformen des Protestes von einst genauer beleuchtet werden. In den Schilderungen zwischen Aufbegehren und Professionalisierung zeigt sich: Kritik kann als Politikum dieser sozialen Bewegung gelten. Susanne Boehm legt eine erste gebündelte Betrachtung der bundesdeutschen Frauengesundheitsbewegung vor, die exemplarisch an einem Gesundheitszentrum Berlins ansetzt und zugleich den größeren Diskurs erhellt.
Ackerbau des Lebendigen
Authors: Majerus Stéphanie
Published: May 2024

Die biodynamische Landwirtschaft hat seit den 2000er Jahren Zulauf verbucht. Doch wie erleben die Wirtschaftenden selbst ihr Feld? Stéphanie Majerus nimmt die Entwicklungen des Demeter-Landbaus in Deutschland und der deutschsprachigen Schweiz ethnographisch in den Blick. Dabei fokussiert sie sowohl auf soziopolitische Eigenheiten, bewusstseinsphänomenologische Dynamiken und Mensch-Tier-Interaktionen als auch auf das partikulare Wissenschaftsverständnis der Anthroposoph*innen. Mit ihrer Studie schlägt sie darüber hinaus Brücken zur akademischen Bearbeitung der Anthroposophie - und bietet so religionsanthropologische Einblicke in die Spiritualität der Biodynamiker.
The Art of Protest in Hong Kong
Authors: Mak Sophie
Published: May 2024

During the 2019 protests in Hong Kong, art became an indispensable avenue for dissent and political expression. It offered a peaceful alternative way for citizens to express their views and ideologies without having to protest in the streets. Artists formed an integral part of the political movement that reinvented Hong Kong's identity and preserved the city's soul. The innovative and decentralized methods of creating and distributing led to a level of unity and fluidity that had never been seen before. These creative resistance strategies were so successful that they inspired other protest movements in South-East Asia and beyond.