bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL R/S FRACTAL ANALYSIS AND WAVELET ENTROPY CHARACTERIZATION APPROACH FOR ROBUST FORECASTING BASED ON SELF-SIMILAR TIME SERIES MODELING
Authors: KARACA YELIZ , BALEANU DUMITRU
Published: May 2020

It has become vital to effectively characterize the self-similar and regular patterns in time series marked by short-term and long-term memory in various fields in the ever-changing and complex global landscape. Within this framework, attempting to find solutions with adaptive mathematical models emerges as a major endeavor in economics whose complex systems and structures are generally volatile, vulnerable and vague. Thus, analysis of the dynamics of occurrence of time section accurately, efficiently and timely is at the forefront to perform forecasting of volatile states of an economic environment which is a complex system in itself since it includes interrelated elements interacting with one another. To manage data selection effectively and attain robust prediction, characterizing complexity and self-similarity is critical in financial decision-making. Our study aims to obtain analyzes based on two main approaches proposed related to seven recognized indexes belonging to prominent countries (DJI, FCHI, GDAXI, GSPC, GSTPE, N225 and Bitcoin index). The first approach includes the employment of Hurst exponent (HE) as calculated by Rescaled Range ([Formula: see text]) fractal analysis and Wavelet Entropy (WE) in order to enhance the prediction accuracy in the long-term trend in the financial markets. The second approach includes Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms application Feed forward back propagation (FFBP), Cascade Forward Back Propagation (CFBP) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm for forecasting purposes. The following steps have been administered for the two aforementioned approaches: (i) HE and WE were applied. Consequently, new indicators were calculated for each index. By obtaining the indicators, the new dataset was formed and normalized by min-max normalization method’ (ii) to form the forecasting model, ANN algorithms were applied on the datasets. Based on the experimental results, it has been demonstrated that the new dataset comprised of the HE and WE indicators had a critical and determining direction with a more accurate level of forecasting modeling by the ANN algorithms. Consequently, the proposed novel method with multifarious methodology illustrates a new frontier, which could be employed in the broad field of various applied sciences to analyze pressing real-world problems and propose optimal solutions for critical decision-making processes in nonlinear, complex and dynamic environments.
DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF NEW APPROXIMATION OF EXTENDED CUBIC B-SPLINE TO THE NONLINEAR TIME FRACTIONAL KLEIN–GORDON EQUATION
Authors: AKRAM TAYYABA , ABBAS MUHAMMAD , RIAZ MUHAMMAD BILAL , ISMAIL AHMAD IZANI , ALI NORHASHIDAH MOHD.
Published: May 2020

A new extended cubic B-spline (ECBS) approximation is formulated, analyzed and applied to obtain the numerical solution of the time fractional Klein–Gordon equation. The temporal fractional derivative is estimated using Caputo’s discretization and the space derivative is discretized by ECBS basis functions. A combination of Caputo’s fractional derivative and the new approximation of ECBS together with [Formula: see text]-weighted scheme is utilized to obtain the solution. The method is shown to be unconditionally stable and convergent. Numerical examples indicate that the obtained results compare well with other numerical results available in the literature.
USE OF ATANGANA–BALEANU FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE IN HELICAL FLOW OF A CIRCULAR PIPE
Authors: ABRO KASHIF ALI , KHAN ILYAS , NISAR KOTTAKKARAN SOOPPY
Published: May 2020

There is no denying fact that helically moving pipe/cylinder has versatile utilization in industries; as it has multi-purposes, such as foundation helical piers, drilling of rigs, hydraulic simultaneous lift system, foundation helical brackets and many others. This paper incorporates the new analysis based on modern fractional differentiation on infinite helically moving pipe. The mathematical modeling of infinite helically moving pipe results in governing equations involving partial differential equations of integer order. In order to highlight the effects of fractional differentiation, namely, Atangana–Baleanu on the governing partial differential equations, the Laplace and Hankel transforms are invoked for finding the angular and oscillating velocities corresponding to applied shear stresses. Our investigated general solutions involve the gamma functions of linear expressions. For eliminating the gamma functions of linear expressions, the solutions of angular and oscillating velocities corresponding to applied shear stresses are communicated in terms of Fox- H function. At last, various embedded rheological parameters such as friction and viscous factor, curvature diameter of the helical pipe, dynamic analogies of relaxation and retardation time and comparison of viscoelastic fluid models (Burger, Oldroyd-B, Maxwell and Newtonian) have significant discrepancies and semblances based on helically moving pipe.
THE ROLE OF FOX-H FUNCTION IN ANALYTIC AND FRACTIONAL MODELING OF HELICITY OF CYLINDER: FRACTIONAL GENERALIZED BURGER FLUID
Authors: ABRO KASHIF ALI , KHAN ILYAS , NISAR KOTTAKKARAN SOOPPY
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the analytic and fractional solutions of governing differential equations for helical flow of cylindrical nature have been presented. The series expansions and Laplace and Hankel transforms are applied to the governing equation of generalized Burger fluid flow for generating gamma functions. The analytical solutions of velocity fields and shear stresses are obtained through Caputo fractional approach. In order to justify the initial and boundary conditions, infinite series are invoked for expressing the analytical results of velocity fields and shear stresses in terms of [Formula: see text] Fox-H function. At the end, few rheological parameters have been analyzed on four different types of models as shown in graphs. Finally, a comparative analysis of ordinary and fractional models has been focussed for angular and oscillating velocities of helical flow generated by circular cylinder.
HEMODYNAMIC STUDY OF CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSMS
Authors: JIN CHUNBO , MAO BOYAN , LI BAO , FENG YUE , WU DANDAN , XIE JINSHENG , LIU YOUJUN
Published: May 2020

Background: When the coronary artery expands more than two times its diameter, it will form a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). CAA can lead to myocardial ischemia. In this paper, the mechanism of myocardial ischemia induced by CAA was studied by geometric multiscale method. Methods: Four kinds of three-dimensional models of CAA with different dilation diameters were established on the basis of normal three-dimensional models. The dilation diameters were 2, 3, 5 and 7 times, capacitance was added after the CAA to simulate the elasticity of the vascular wall. Results:A large number of eddies exist in CAA. 2–7 times model: 1.1–14.4% reduction of blood flow downstream of CAA and 5, 7 times model showed upstream diastolic backward flow, the backward flow rate was 1.1% and 5.6%, respectively. The aveWSS at the CAA was 1.76–0.35[Formula: see text]Pa; the relative retention time was 1.1–14.6[Formula: see text]Pa[Formula: see text]; the average vorticity was 0.0085–231.7[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]. Conclusion:CAA can store blood, and the elasticity of the wall of CAA results in the flow of blood upstream. These two reasons make the downstream flow of CAA decrease and easily form intratumoral thrombosis, which may lead to myocardial ischemia.
ESTIMATION OF WALL SHEAR STRESS OF COMPLIANT THORACIC AORTA WITH ANEURYSM
Authors: ALANAZI AHMED BAKHIT , SIKKANDAR MOHAMED YACIN , WALY MOHAMED IBRAHIM
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a numerical estimation of wall shear stress (WSS) in a compliant Thoracic Aorta (TA) with aneurysm is modeled and the hemodynamic pattern is studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) is an excessively localized enlargement of TA caused by weakness in the arterial wall and it can rupture the inner wall intima and continue on to the outer wall adventitia. WSS is a tangential force exerted by blood flow on the vessel wall, and its estimation is clinically very important because any change in WSS is considered as a vital cue in the onset of aneurysm. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) model of a TAA reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images comprising of 600 slices with 1-mm resolution from neck to hip is considered and patient-specific simulations have been carried out in compliant TA under rest and exercise conditions. The findings show that the change in wall geometry was marginal due to variation in pressure forces inside and is not the primary source for expansion of an aneurysm. It was inferred that expansion was rather due to thinning of the wall, owing to damage caused to the inner lining of the tissues, at regions of high WSS. It was found that the geometry extraction is important as any change in length causes a corresponding variation in mass flow through it. Although mass conservation is maintained irrespective of the length, it does affect the rate of flow due to shifting in the pressure boundary conditions with the length as it varies the pressure inside the system. Modeling of the geometry is very important as the change in mass flow will affect the outlet velocity and strength of vortices. Surprisingly, the split-up of flow is consistent but the geometric change in the model has no effect on WSS values and flow pattern. The results of this study provide important information such as blood flow pattern and pressure drops in the compliant TA on WSS estimations with TAA diseases.
EFFECT OF HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS ON FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE
Authors: FENG YUE , MAO BOYAN , LI BAO , LIU JIAN , LIU JINCHENG , LIU YOUJUN
Published: May 2020

Background: The fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard used to diagnose whether coronary stenosis triggers myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia is not only related to the degree of coronary artery disease but also to hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure, flow, and so on. This paper will explore the effects of hemodynamic parameters on FFR. Methods: Construct an ideal vascular model of moderately stenosis lesions (40–70%) with different hemodynamic environments. A pressure waveform was set as the inlet boundary, a microcirculation resistance in the hyperemia state was set as the outlet boundary, and different hemodynamic environments were constructed by changing the mean arterial pressure and flow at rest. The microcirculation resistance in the resting state was determined by the mean arterial pressure and flow, and the microcirculation resistance in the hyperemia state was 0.24 times than in the resting state. Results:Flow at rest was found to have the greatest impact on FFR, followed by arterial pressure. Both a decrease in flow and an increase in mean arterial pressure caused an increase in the FFR value. Conclusion:Based on the degree of stenosis of the diseased blood vessel, systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and blood flow through the diseased blood vessel in the resting state, a preliminary judgment can be directly made as to whether the stenosis causes myocardial ischemia.
Quantum image sharpness estimation based on the Laplacian operator
Authors: Jiang She-Xiang , Zhou Ri-Gui , Hu Wen-Wen
Published: May 2020

In order to solve the high complexity of classical image processing, a quantum scheme for image sharpness estimation based on the Laplacian operator is proposed. The mean of grayscale gradients of all pixels is regarded as the sharpness estimation metric. A new quantum image representation model is presented by extending the Novel Enhanced Quantum Representation (NEQR) model, which is greatly useful for quantum image convolution. In quantum platforms, it has been shown that the mean calculation of numbers is rather difficult because the numbers are stored in a quantum superposition state. In order to solve this problem, we put forward an algorithm which essential idea is cyclically shifting the superposition state and iteratively calculating the mean of the new one and the original state. The mean can be obtained from the superposition state by only one quantum measurement. By analyzing the space complexity and time complexity, the scheme is far superior to classical ones in terms of resource consumption and execution speed. In addition, the results of simulation experiments show that for noiseless images, the performance of the scheme is consistent with subjective visual perception of images sharpness.
Conformal Ricci soliton and geometrical structure in a perfect fluid spacetime
Authors: siddiqi Mohd. Danish , Siddiqui Shah Alam
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we studied the geometrical aspects of a perfect fluid spacetime in terms of conformal Ricci soliton and conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton with torse-forming vector field [Formula: see text]. Condition for the conformal Ricci soliton to be steady, expanding or shrinking are also given. In particular case, when the potential vector filed [Formula: see text] of the soliton is of gradient type, we derive, from the conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton equation, a Laplacian equation.
Symplectic formulation of teleparallel gravity
Authors: Yasmini Luh Putu Budi , Hermanto Arief , Rosyid Muhammad Farchani
Published: May 2020

Teleparallel gravity has been formulated in the symplectic-geometrical fashion. For that purpose, the symplectic potential and the pre-symplectic structure on the manifold of all solutions of the field equation of teleparallel gravity have been firstly constructed from the Lagrangian density of the theory. That the obtained pre-symplectic structure is a symplectic structure also has been proved. It has been shown that the symplectic potential obtained from the Lagrangian density up to a factor is equal to the superpotential of teleparallel gravity. The Hamiltonian formulation of teleparallel gravity has been derived. Furthermore, the Poisson bracket between arbitrary two classical observables (i.e. real-valued functional) defined on the symplectic manifold of all solutions of the field equation of teleparallel gravity has constructed. The Hamiltonian vector field associated to an observable has been obtained. The formulation of Noether theorem in the symplectic formulation of teleparallel gravity has been investigated.
LncRNA GAS5 attenuates fibroblast activation through inhibiting Smad3 signaling
Authors: Tang Rui , Wang Yung-Chun , Mei Xiaohan , Shi Ning , Sun Chenming , Ran Ran , Zhang Gui , Li Wenjing , Staveley-O’Carroll Kevin F. , Li Guangfu , Chen Shi-You
Published: May 2020

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced fibroblast activation is a key pathological event during tissue fibrosis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of versatile gene regulators participating in various cellular and molecular processes. However, the function of lncRNA in fibroblast activation is still poorly understood. In this study, we identified growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) as a novel regulator for TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation. GAS5 expression was downregulated in cultured fibroblasts by TGF-β and in resident fibroblasts from bleomycin-treated skin tissues. Overexpression of GAS5 suppressed TGF-β-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. Mechanistically, GAS5 directly bound mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) and promoted Smad3 binding to Protein phosphatase 1A (PPM1A), a Smad3 dephosphatase, and thus accelerated Smad3 dephosphorylation in TGF-β-treated fibroblasts. In addition, GAS5 inhibited fibroblast proliferation. Importantly, local delivery of GAS5 via adenoviral vector suppressed bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis in mice. Collectively, our data revealed that GAS5 suppresses fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis through inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, which provides a rationale for an lncRNA-based therapy to treat fibrotic diseases.
Ex vivo use of cell-permeable succinate prodrug attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in blood cells obtained from carbon monoxide-poisoned individuals
Authors: Owiredu Shawn , Ranganathan Abhay , Eckmann David M. , Shofer Frances S. , Hardy Kevin , Lambert David S. , Kelly Matthew , Jang David H.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new pharmacological strategy using a first-generation succinate prodrug, NV118, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from subjects with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and healthy controls. We obtained human blood cells from subjects with CO poisoning and healthy control subjects. Intact PBMCs from subjects in the CO and Control group were analyzed with high-resolution respirometry measured in pmol O2 per second per 10−6 PBMCs. In addition to obtaining baseline respiration, NV118 (100 μM) was injected, and the same parameters of respiration were obtained for comparison in PBMCs. We measured mitochondrial dynamics with microscopy with the same conditions. We enrolled 37 patients (17 in the CO group and 20 in the Control group for comparison) in the study. PMBCs obtained from subjects in the CO group had overall significantly lower respiration compared with the Control group ( P < 0.0001). There was a significant increase in respiration with NV118, specifically with an increase in maximum respiration and respiration from complex II and complex IV ( P < 0.0001). The mitochondria in PBMCs demonstrated an overall increase in net movement compared with the Control group. Our results of this study suggest that the therapeutic compound, NV118, increases respiration at complex II and IV as well as restoration of mitochondrial movement in PBMCs obtained from subjects with CO poisoning. Mitochondrial-directed therapy offers a potential future strategy with further exploration in vivo.
Airway remodeling in ferrets with cigarette smoke-induced COPD using µCT imaging
Authors: Stanford Denise , Kim Harrison , Bodduluri Sandeep , LaFontaine Jennifer , Byzek Stephen A. , Schoeb Trenton R. , Harris Elex S. , Nath Hrudaya P. , Bhatt Surya P. , Raju S. Vamsee , Rowe Steven M.
Published: May 2020

Structural changes to airway morphology, such as increased bronchial wall thickness (BWT) and airway wall area, are cardinal features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ferrets are a recently established animal model uniquely exhibiting similar clinical and pathological characteristics of COPD as humans, including chronic bronchitis. Our objective was to develop a microcomputed tomography (µCT) method for evaluating structural changes to the airways in ferrets and assess whether the effects of smoking induce changes consistent with chronic bronchitis in humans. Ferrets were exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke or air control twice daily for 6 mo. µCT was conducted in vivo at 6 mo; a longitudinal cohort was imaged monthly. Manual measurements of BWT, luminal diameter (LD), and BWT-to-LD ratio (BWT/LD) were conducted and confirmed by a semiautomated algorithm. The square root of bronchial wall area (√WA) versus luminal perimeter was determined on an individual ferret basis. Smoke-exposed ferrets reproducibly demonstrated 34% increased BWT ( P < 0.001) along with increased LD and BWT/LD versus air controls. Regression indicated that the effect of smoking on BWT persisted despite controlling for covariates. Semiautomated measurements replicated findings. √WA for the theoretical median airway luminal perimeter of 4 mm (Pi4) was elevated 4.4% in smoke-exposed ferrets ( P = 0.015). Increased BWT and Pi4 developed steadily over time. µCT-based airway measurements in ferrets are feasible and reproducible. Smoke-exposed ferrets develop increased BWT and Pi4, changes similar to humans with chronic bronchitis. µCT can be used as a significant translational platform to measure dynamic airway morphological changes.
IL-1β dysregulates cGMP signaling in the newborn lung
Authors: Zhong Ying , Bry Kristina , Roberts Jesse D.
Published: May 2020

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is an important regulator of newborn lung function and development. Although cGMP signaling is decreased in many models of newborn lung injury, the mechanisms are poorly understood. We determined how IL-1β regulates the expression of the α1-subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGCα1), a prime effector of pulmonary cGMP signaling. Physiologic levels of IL-1β were discovered to rapidly decrease sGCα1 mRNA expression in a human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (IMR-90 cells) and protein levels in primary mouse pup lung fibroblasts. This sGCα1 expression inhibition appeared to be at a transcriptional level; IL-1β treatment did not alter sGCα1 mRNA stability, although it reduced sGCα1 promoter activity. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) was determined to be required for IL-1β’s regulation of sGCα1 expression; TAK1 knockdown protected sGCα1 mRNA expression in IL-1β-treated IMR-90 cells. Moreover, heterologously expressed TAK1 was sufficient to decrease sGCα1 mRNA levels in those cells. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling played a critical role in the IL-1β-TAK1-sGCα1 regulatory pathway; chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated enhanced activated NF-κB subunit (RelA) binding to the sGCα1 promoter after IL-1β treatment unless treated with an IκB kinase-2 inhibitor. Also, this NF-κB signaling inhibition protected sGCα1 expression in IL-1β-treated fibroblasts. Lastly, using transgenic mice in which active IL-1β was conditionally expressed in lung epithelial cells, we established that IL-1β expression is sufficient to stimulate TAK1 and decrease sGCα1 protein expression in the newborn lung. Together these results detail the role and mechanisms by which IL-1β inhibits cGMP signaling in the newborn lung.
Molecular characterization of frog vocal neurons using constellation pharmacology
Authors: Inagaki Ryota Thomas , Raghuraman Shrinivasan , Chase Kevin , Steele Theresa , Zornik Erik , Olivera Baldomero M , Yamaguchi Ayako
Published: May 2020

Identification and characterization of neuronal cell classes in motor circuits are essential for understanding the neural basis of behavior. It is a challenging task, especially in a non-genetic model organism, to identify cell-specific expression of functional macromolecules. Here, we performed constellation pharmacology, calcium imaging of dissociated neurons to pharmacologically identify functional receptors expressed by vocal neurons in adult male and female African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis. Previously we identified a population of vocal neurons called fast trill neurons (FTNs) in the amphibian parabrachial nucleus (PB) that express NMDA receptors and GABA and/or glycine receptors. Using constellation pharmacology, we identified four cell classes of putative fast trill neurons (pFTNs, responsive to both NMDA and GABA/glycine applications). We discovered that some pFTNs responded to the application of substance P (SP), acetylcholine (ACh), or both. Electrophysiological recordings obtained from FTNs using an ex vivo preparation verified that SP and/or ACh depolarize FTNs. Bilateral injection of ACh, SP, or their antagonists into PBs showed that ACh receptors are not sufficient but necessary for vocal production, and SP receptors play a role in shaping the morphology of vocalizations. Additionally, we discovered that the PB of adult female X. laevis also contains all the subclasses of neurons at a similar frequency as in males, despite their sexually distinct vocalizations. These results reveal novel neuromodulators that regulate X. laevis vocal production, and demonstrate the power of constellation pharmacology in identifying the neuronal subtypes marked by functional expression of cell-specific receptors in non-genetic model organisms.
Saccade vigor and the subjective economic value of visual stimuli
Authors: Yoon Tehrim , Jaleel Afareen , Ahmed Alaa A. , Shadmehr Reza
Published: May 2020

Behavioral economics relies on subjective evaluation, an abstract quantity that cannot be measured directly but must be inferred by fitting decision models to the choice patterns. Here, we present a new approach to estimate subjective value: with nothing to fit, we show that it is possible to estimate subjective value based on movement kinematics, providing a modest ability to predict a participant’s preferences without prior measurement of their choice patterns.
Use of Cognitive Aids: Results from a National Survey among Anaesthesia Providers in France and Canada
Authors: Blanié Antonia , Kurrek Matthieu , Gorse Sophie , Baudrier Dimitri , Benhamou Dan
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The use of cognitive aids (CAs) during critical events is thought to be useful. However, whether CAs are known and used by French and Canadian anaesthesia providers is not clear. Methods. A survey was emailed to French and Canadian anaesthesia providers in 2017 through their respective national societies. It consisted of 23 questions about the participants’ demographics and their knowledge, use, and impact of CAs. A second survey was sent to French simulation centres. Results. 912 responses were recorded in France and 278 in Canada (overall response rate: 7% and 11%, respectively). Among the respondents, 700/899 in France (78%) versus 249/273 (91%) in Canada were familiar with the concept of cognitive dysfunction during a crisis and 501/893 (56%) in France versus 250/271 (92%) in Canada knew the concept of CAs. Amongst those respondents who knew about CAs, 189/492 (38%) in France versus 108/244 (44%) in Canada stated that they had already used a CA in real life and 225/493 (45%) in France versus 126/245 (51%) in Canada had received training in their use. Simulation was the principal modality for training in 150/225 (67%) of cases in France versus 47/126 (37%) in Canada. Among the 28/50 French simulation centres which responded (2018 January), 27 organised sessions in anaesthesia and 22 used CAs. Conclusion. CAs were better known in Canada than in France, but their actual use in real life was low in both countries. Simulation appears to play a potentially important role training anaesthesia providers in the use of CAs.
Patterns, Associated Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of Poisoning among Poisoning Cases Presented to Selected Hospitals in Western Ethiopia: Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Woyessa Ashenafi Habte , Palanichamy Thanasekaran
Published: May 2020

Back Ground. Epidemiological data related to poisoning is very limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the patterns, associated factors, and clinical outcomes of poisoning among poisoned cases brought to selected hospitals in western Ethiopia. Methodology. Hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study design was employed. Five administrative zones in west Ethiopia were selected as geographical clusters. Area sampling technique was utilized to select the hospitals. Finally, consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. Since the objective of this study was to determine the pattern and outcome of poisoning during the specified study period, no specific sampling size determination was employed. As such, all of the 211 poisoned cases presented to the selected hospitals during the specific study period were consecutively included. Data were collected using a comprehensively organized and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results. The broad types of poisoning were identified in about 193 (91.47%) cases of poisoning in this study. Pesticides exposure and food poisoning have, respectively, contributed for 32.70% and 20.91% of the poisoning incidence. On the other hand, chemical from industry has contributed the least percentage (2.81%). Out of a total of 24 agents identified, 26.80% of the agents were organophosphates followed by raw meat (18.40%). Difference in the incidence of poisoning was also observed as seasons in a year change. Among the victims who have taken household materials as a poisoning agent, about 47.87% of them have taken the agents during daytime. The remaining cases of poisoning developed by household chemicals occurred at night. More than half (54.98%) of the poisoned patients have encountered the incidents inside their home. Regarding the final poisoning outcome, about 7.10% poisoning cases in this study died of the poisonings. Factors such as place, time, intention, and source of poisoning were observed to determine poisoning outcomes. Although poisoning attempt was lesser among urban residents as compared to rural community, rural dwellers were four times more likely to die of poisoning they had attempted (AOR: 4.072 (1.197–13.85)). Conclusion. This study has clearly showed that the incidence of poisoning was varied with seasonal variations. The encountered poisonings ended up with mixed clinical outcomes, which were also affected by patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Fertilizers, unclean food items, household materials, and drugs have caused majority of the poisonings. Creating community awareness and designing sound prevention strategies are recommended to reduce morbidity and mortality related to poisoning.
Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 14 Mangroves: Phylogenetic and Comparative Genomic Analyses
Authors: Shi Chengcheng , Han Kai , Li Liangwei , Seim Inge , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen , Xu Xun , Yang Huanming , Fan Guangyi , Liu Xin
Published: May 2020

Mangroves are a group of plant species that occupy the coastal intertidal zone and are major components of this ecologically important ecosystem. Mangroves belong to about twenty diverse families. Here, we sequenced and assembled chloroplast genomes of 14 mangrove species from eight families spanning five rosid orders and one asterid order: Fabales (Pongamia pinnata), Lamiales (Avicennia marina), Malpighiales (Excoecaria agallocha, Bruguiera sexangula, Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Ceriops tagal), Malvales (Hibiscus tiliaceus, Heritiera littoralis, and Thespesia populnea), Myrtales (Laguncularia racemosa, Sonneratia ovata, and Pemphis acidula), and Sapindales (Xylocarpus moluccensis). These chloroplast genomes range from 149 kb to 168 kb in length. A conserved structure of two inverted repeats (IRa and IRb, ~25.8 kb), one large single‐copy region (LSC, ~89.0 kb), and one short single‐copy region (SSC, ~18.9 kb) as well as ~130 genes (85 protein‐coding, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs) was observed. We found the lowest divergence in the IR regions among the four regions. We also identified simple sequence repeats (SSRs), which were found to be variable in numbers. Most chloroplast genes are highly conserved, with only four genes under positive selection or relaxed pressure. Combined with publicly available chloroplast genomes, we carried out phylogenetic analysis and confirmed the previously reported phylogeny within rosids, including the positioning of obscure families in Malpighiales. Our study reports 14 mangrove chloroplast genomes and illustrates their genome features and evolution.
Phase II Trial of IL-12 Plasmid Transfection and PD-1 Blockade in Immunologically Quiescent Melanoma
Authors: Algazi Alain P. , Twitty Christopher G. , Tsai Katy K. , Le Mai , Pierce Robert , Browning Erica , Hermiz Reneta , Canton David A. , Bannavong Donna , Oglesby Arielle , Francisco Murray , Fong Lawrence , Pittet Mikael J. , Arlauckas Sean P. , Garris Christopher , Levine Lauren P. , Bifulco Carlos , Ballesteros-Merino Carmen , Bhatia Shailender , Gargosky Sharron , Andtbacka Robert H.I. , Fox Bernard A. , Rosenblum Michael D. , Daud Adil I.
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

Tumors with low frequencies of checkpoint positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (cpTIL) have a low likelihood of response to PD-1 blockade. We conducted a prospective multicenter phase II trial of intratumoral plasmid IL-12 (tavokinogene telseplasmid; “tavo”) electroporation combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced melanoma with low frequencies of checkpoint positive cytotoxic lymphocytes (cpCTL).

Patients and Methods:

Tavo was administered intratumorally days 1, 5, and 8 every 6 weeks while pembrolizumab (200 mg, i.v.) was administered every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST, secondary endpoints included duration of response, overall survival and progression-free survival. Toxicity was evaluated by the CTCAE v4. Extensive correlative analysis was done.

Results:

The combination of tavo and pembrolizumab was well tolerated with adverse events similar to those previously reported with pembrolizumab alone. Patients had a 41% ORR (n = 22, RECIST 1.1) with 36% complete responses. Correlative analysis showed that the combination enhanced immune infiltration and sustained the IL-12/IFNγ feed-forward cycle, driving intratumoral cross-presenting dendritic cell subsets with increased TILs, emerging T cell receptor clones and, ultimately, systemic cellular immune responses.

Conclusions:

The combination of tavo and pembrolizumab was associated with a higher than expected response rate in this poorly immunogenic population. No new or unexpected toxicities were observed. Correlative analysis showed T cell infiltration with enhanced immunity paralleling the clinical activity in low cpCTL tumors.
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia with Gum Metastasis: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Jareemit Nida , Benjapibal Mongkol
Published: May 2020

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is an uncommon group of pregnancy-related malignancies. Delayed diagnosis is a prognostic factor for worse outcome. GTN is even harder to diagnose if the site of metastasis is uncommon. The reported case is a 27-year-old G2P1A1 woman who presented to our center with acute transient generalized tonic-clonic seizure. She had developed hemoptysis for the 2 preceding weeks, which had been treated as pneumonia. She had then noticed multiple gum lesions and vaginal spotting 1 week before her presentation. Her serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin level was 77,474 IU/L without evidence of pregnancy. She was diagnosed with GTN with lung, brain, and gum metastases. The patient was staged as IV with a World Health Organization prognostic score of 14. Etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D alternating with cyclophosphamide, and vincristine weekly (EMACO) were given. The gum lesions disappeared after 2 cycles of the multiagent chemotherapy, and complete remission was achieved after 8 cycles. This case study will increase awareness of uncommon metastatic sites of GTN. Any associated vaginal bleeding should be considered a clue to metastatic GTN.
Diagnostic Yield of Endoscopic Procedures in Children: Experience of a Portuguese Center
Authors: Silva Sónia , Silva Cláudia , Espinheira Maria do Céu , Pais Isabel Pinto , Trindade Eunice , Amil Dias Jorge
Published: May 2020

Background: Over the last decades, the use of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures has been increased in children worldwide, allowing the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in multiple GI diseases. Aims and Methods: In order to evaluate the appropriateness and the diagnostic yield of initial GI endoscopic techniques in children in a Portuguese tertiary hospital, we performed a retrospective cohort study during a 12-month period. Results:A total of 308 procedures were performed in 276 patients; the median age was 11 years and 50.4% were males. Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) corresponded to 81.8% of the procedures and ileo-colonoscopy (IC) to the remaining; 11.6% of the patients underwent both EGD and IC. Overall, 51.3% of the exams showed abnormal macroscopic findings, and 69.6% showed histopathological signs of disease, with IC showing significantly more positive results than EGD (p < 0.05). Considering the different indications independently, abnormal serology for celiac disease, suspected ingestion of foreign bodies, suspected inflammatory bowel disease, and food impaction were frequent in our population; and in the majority of the cases, the suspected diagnosis was confirmed: celiac disease, ingestion of foreign bodies, inflammatory bowel disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis, respectively. On the other hand, despite the high frequency of epigastric pain in this population, only nearly one-third of the patients showed abnormal histological findings. The final diagnosis was established in 63% of the patients, and 39.1% initiated the new treatment. Discussion:Our results emphasize the importance of endoscopic procedures, especially IC, in the diagnosis of GI diseases in pediatric patients, as well as the careful choice of the endoscopic techniques in those with less specific symptoms, as chronic abdominal pain. In this particular situation, given the proportion of cases that may be due to functional disease, good characterization of the clinical context is needed, and endoscopy should be reserved for a second-line approach. Conclusion: It is important to monitor and examine the endoscopic techniques as an index of quality criteria for clinical practice.
Estimates of the Incidence of Crack Cocaine Use in Those Likely to Attend Treatment in the English Population, 2005–2018
Authors: Jones Andrew , Hayhurst Karen P. , Jahr Stefan , White Martin , Millar Tim
Published: May 2020

Background: Public health bodies in the UK, and elsewhere, have expressed concern over the wider social and economic impact of crack cocaine use on society. Objective: The aim of the study was to use English substance misuse treatment data to estimate the incidence of crack cocaine use in the population who are expected to present to treatment with crack cocaine as the primary substance. Method: Known year of first crack-related treatment demand and age of first use of crack were combined to provide the distribution of lag to treatment for each year of onset. The resulting combined lag distribution was used to estimate the proportion of incident crack cocaine users who will have presented in a given year and, from that, the total number who will have started in that year. Results: Our estimates identified an approximate doubling in incidence between 2012 and 2016, following a decrease up to 2012. Conclusion: This represents an increase in treatment demand that is likely to continue for a number of years.
Fulminant Acute Kidney Injury in a Young Patient with Novel Coronavirus 2019
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Akshaya , Mossaid Ali , Lo Kevin Bryan , Vasudevan Viswanath , McCullough Peter A. , Rangaswami Janani
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and 180,000 cases in the United States. While the outbreak began in China, the number of cases outside of China exceeded those in China on March 15, 2020 and are currently rising at an exponential rate. The number of fatalities in the United States are expected to exceed more than Italy and China. The disease is characterized predominantly as an acute respiratory illness. However, preliminary data suggests that kidney is a target for the virus and deterioration of renal function was associated with poor outcomes including in-hospital mortality. We pre­sent a report of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute onset of symptoms and normal renal function at baseline but rapidly deteriorated resulting in death. The timing of decline in renal function correlated with his worsening clinical status. He was started on continuous veno-venous hemofiltration without signs of clinical benefit. We also present the possible mechanisms for acute kidney injury in these patients. We performed a review of the emerging literature by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE for studies and/or case series published on this topic. Acute kidney injury might help risk stratify critically ill patients on a fatal course of COVID-19.
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance on Behalf of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society
Authors: Deprest Jan , Choolani Mahesh , Chervenak Frank , Farmer Diana , Lagrou Katrien , Lopriore Enrico , McCullough Laurence , Olutoye Olutoyin , Simpson Lynn , Van Mieghem Tim , Ryan Greg
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed patients and healthcare givers alike and challenged our practice of antenatal care, including fetal diagnosis and therapy. This document aims to review relevant recent information to allow us to optimize prenatal care delivery. We discuss potential modifications to obstetric management and fetal procedures in SARS-CoV2-negative and SARS-CoV2-positive patients with fetal anomalies or disorders. Most fetal therapies are time sensitive and cannot be delayed. If personnel and resources are available, we should continue to offer procedures of proven benefit, acknowledging any fetal and maternal risks, including those to health care workers. There is, to date, minimal, unconfirmed evidence of spontaneous vertical transmission, though it may theoretically be increased with some procedures. Knowing a mother’s preoperative SARS-CoV-2 status would enable us to avoid or defer certain procedures while she is contagious and to protect health care workers appropriately. Some fetal conditions may alternatively be managed neonatally. Counseling regarding fetal interventions which have a possibility of additional intra- or postoperative morbidity must be performed in the context of local resource availability. Procedures of unproven benefit should not be offered. We encourage participation in registries and trials that may help us to understand the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women, their fetuses, and neonates.
Empoderamentos múltiplos de mulheres muçulmanas em espaços públicos na França e no Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Francirosy Campos , Lima Luana Baumann
Published: May 2020

O seguinte artigo tem como objetivo contribuir, ainda que de modo preliminar, para a ampliação das discussões acerca de Religião, Gênero e Espaço Público de modo geral e, especialmente, as formas de configuração da religião islâmica na contemporaneidade. Assim, aproximaremo-nos de dois cenários: os espaços públicos francês e brasileiro; e nos atentaremos aos "como" as mulheres muçulmanas, em diferentes contextos (inter) nacionais, ocupam, constroem e produzem seus lugares sociais no espaço público.
Anestesia no paciente oncológico
Authors: Rangel Felipe Porto , Simões Claudia Marquez , Auler Junior José Otávio Costa
Published: May 2020

Introdução: A anestesia no paciente oncológico representa um desafio sob vários aspectos: pacientes complexos, com diversas comorbidades e, muitas vezes, submetidos a tratamentos adjuvantes. O tratamento cirúrgico é o tratamento de primeira linha em grande parte dos casos oncológicos e a anestesia é uma etapa essencial para viabilizar este tratamento. O uso de diferentes agentes e técnicas anestésicas hoje é visto como um dos potenciais fatores que podem vir a influenciar o desfecho oncológico. Revisamos alguns dos novos conceitos que têm surgido na literatura, referentes aos cuidados anestésicos perioperatórios e a evolução desta população. Métodos: Estudo bibliográfico narrativo e exploratório. Realizada pesquisa nos bancos de dados Medline e SciELO, utilizando os termos (((anesthesia) OR (anaesthesia)) AND (cancer)) até novembro de 2019 e 44 estudos foram utilizados. Resultados: Os estudos discutem o papel específico de diversos agentes anestésicos, principalmente agentes hipnóticos endovenosos, inalatórios e opioides, além de abordarem as possíveis diferenças entre as técnicas anestésicas. Além dos agentes anestésicos propriamente ditos, o papel de outros agentes frequentemente utilizados no período perioperatório foram incluídos. Conclusões: Técnicas de anestesia regional ainda necessitam ser mais estudadas, mas podem trazer benefícios para esta população auxiliando no controle álgico perioperatório, reduzindo o consumo de opioides e a inflamação desencadeada pela resposta ao estresse. Ainda não há evidências suficientes para modificação dos agentes e técnicas utilizadas na anestesia, mas existem alguns potenciais benefícios sinalizados para o uso de anestesia venosa, técnicas de analgesia multimodal poupadora de opioides e, até mesmo, o uso de certos agentes como a lidocaína e o propofol. Poucas evidências clínicas respaldam o uso de anestesia totalmente livre de opioides com o objetivo de reduzir a recorrência tumoral e otimizar o desfecho do paciente oncológico, mas o assunto está sendo amplamente pesquisado e brevemente haverá mais novidades e evidências que poderão redirecionar a conduta anestésica perioperatória.
Gripe num hospital central no pico epidémico de 2018
Authors: Matos César Ricardo Coimbra de , Marques Rui , Machado Sara Brandão , Santos Diana Pinho dos
Published: May 2020

Introdução: A gripe constitui uma ameaça global para a saúde pública agravada pelo aumento da esperança de vida. É responsável por inúmeras hospitalizações, mortes e gastos no setor da saúde todos os anos. Objetivos: Caracterizar e determinar o perfil analítico da amostra com diagnóstico de gripe num Hospital Central, durante o mês de janeiro de 2018. Analisaram-se as seguintes variáveis: idade, género, diagnóstico na alta, tempo de internamento e alterações analíticas. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospetivo, com recolha de informação do processo clínico (ALERT e SClinico) e tratamento de dados em Microsoft Excel®. Foram selecionados 131 pacientes como Kit Xpert FLU (GeneXpert®) positivo com idade ≥18 anos. Resultados: 58,8% dos pacientes pertenciam ao sexo feminino e a média de idades foi de 67,1 anos. 20.6% eram Gripe do tipo A, destes 9% são H1N1 e 79,4% Gripe do tipo B. A nível analítico: 63,6% dos doentes não apresentavam alterações dos leucócitos na admissão (mas destes 62,8% apresentavam neutrofilia e 65,1% linfopenias relativas) e 46,5% trombocitopenia. Discussão: O presente estudo permitiu também avaliar a abordagem diagnóstica da gripe e estabelecer um perfil analítico de suspeição do doente com gripe. Conclusão: O perfil analítico permite juntamente com a clínica, uma orientação de suspeição para gestão dos recursos de diagnósticos virológico rápido, importante para o início de terapia antiviral, implementação de medidas de controle de infeção e prevenção para pacientes com gripe. A positividade implicou um elevado número de internamentos em isolamento
Sobre espaço e experiência: um olhar sobre a obra Untitled (1971) de Donald Judd na Glass House de Philip Johnson
Authors: Bentes Dely Soares
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar a primeira obra site-specific de concreto do artista Donald Judd, Untitled (1971), construída no terreno da Glass House de Philip Johnson. Através do entendimento do trabalho de Judd dentro do contexto da minimal, somado às intenções compositivas de Johnson para o objeto implantado no núcleo histórico de sua icônica residência de vidro, pretende-se especular sobre os cruzamentos e sobreposições de ambos. As distintas percepções acerca do espaço e da experiência que impulsionam os autores, se complementam na criação do objeto que culmina na convivência autônoma e complementar dos tempos de Judd e Johnson.