bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Ontology-Based Frameworks for Sustainable Supply Chain Interoperability and Collaboration
Authors: Hilal Samia
Published: October 2019

Accurate and meaningful sharing of knowledge across the supply chain enables effective and timely decision making, a key requirement for ensuring cost-effectiveness, availability, and quality of products and services. Effective elicitation, analysis, classification, and representation of domain knowledge are all essential activities for effective sharing of information. Ontology-based frameworks create a common formal representation of a particular domain that can be communicated, and understood by people and machine agents in addition to integrating different knowledge bases to connect heterogeneous engineering applications. Such frameworks have been exploited in the manufacturing domain as buyer-supplier discovery systems that can be used for quick matchmaking, intelligent connectivity, knowledge-driven collaboration, and possible establishment of stronger, sustainable, long-term, and strategic supply chains. A literature review has identified many frameworks with varying knowledge sharing capabilities that are highly determined by the underlying ontological formalism.
Collaboration Planning Among Supply Chain Partners Using an ANP and Game Theory-Based Approach
Authors: Pervez Gul , Adetiloye Taiwo Olubunmi
Published: October 2019

In response to current economic downturn coupled with intense global competition, the concept of supply chain collaboration has emerged as a possible solution for firms aiming to gain competitive advantage through cost reduction, increased asset utilization and improving service levels. In this chapter, the authors address the problem of collaboration planning between multiple retailers and/or suppliers in a supply chain network. Three problems are considered, namely partner selection, collaboration strategy selection, and profit allocation, among the partners entering into a collaboration. Three techniques, namely cluster analysis, analytical network process (ANP), and game theory, are used for this purpose. Partner selection for collaboration is done using cluster analysis and analytical network process (ANP) while collaboration strategy selection is made through the application of game theory. The profit allocation among collaborating partners is performed using Shapley method. A numerical application is provided.
Location Planning of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations
Authors: Moein Elnaz
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the authors address the problem of location planning of recharging stations for electric vehicles. This involves determining the best locations for charging stations in order to ensure that vehicles are charged enough for rendering a service when needed. The problem objective is to maximize the flow coverage for the electric vehicles through optimizing the number of recharging stations and their specific type at each station. Flow coverage is referred to as the ratio of car flows that are covered with regard to a special budget level. It also tries to minimize the locating cost related to these infrastructures. A genetic algorithm-based approach is proposed. Numerical application is provided, and results compared against branch and cut algorithm. The proposed approach performs better.
Considerations for Stakeholders of Medical Tourism
Authors: Saxena Nitya
Published: October 2019

Several countries are competing for a higher share in the billion dollar medical tourism market, which is expected to reach USD 28 billion by 2024. The situation is as interesting as it can get. A whole new economy has prospered around medical tourism with various stakeholders including patients, hospitals, insurers, medical tourism facilitators, and the government. The concerns of these stakeholders ought to be diverse but should not be diverging for the industry to function appropriately. The motive of this chapter is to review the economy around medical tourism from stakeholder perspectives and enlist the factors to consider while designing business policies.
Heal and Revive
Authors: Nair Bipithalal Balakrishnan
Published: October 2019

During the past decade, health and wellness tourism has become one of the top categories of tourism across the globe. On the other hand, academic deliberations are forged about the classifications and elucidations to differentiate the key terms concomitant with the wellness tourism sector. Arguably, due to the high market competition, the majority of the wellness/wellbeing/health tourism products are closely related and used interchangeably. Therefore, this study attempts to discourse the contemporary trends and developments in Kerala. As the forerunner for Ayurveda tourism and as one of the popular wellness tourist destinations, Kerala persists in the top list. Though, compared to other destinations, there are minimal tourism-oriented researcher studies were conducted. To attend this gap, this chapter explores the wellness sector of Kerala in terms of recent trends and developments. Interestingly, the tourism sector of Kerala observed to be dynamic and innovative by combining various tourism attributes offer a unique experience to the visitors.
Altmetrics
Authors: Biswas Payel
Published: October 2019

According to information scientists, information is modified into knowledge by adding experience. Researchers need powerful and successful filters to help them stay abreast of literature in their field, as well as methods to track the impact of their own research in often very specialized areas of interest. Traditional mechanisms such as peer review and citation searching using bibliometrics are no longer sufficient tools to aid researchers. How can librarians become leaders and powerful allies in this new landscape? Enter the world of Altmetrics. Altmetrics, or alternative citation metrics, provides researchers and scholars with new ways to track influence across a wide range of media and platforms. Altmetrics are metrics and qualitative data that are complementary to traditional, citation-based metrics. Altmetrics is a field of web-based metrics that accounts for total author influence which also looks beyond journal and monographic citation counts to the social web. The aim of this chapter is to explain the concept of library and librarian involvement with altmetrics.
Modes of Acquisition and Models of Licensing
Authors: Bhat Nazir Ahmad
Published: October 2019

The advent of electronic sources of information (ESIs), e-resources, or electronic information resources (EIRs) has brought a revolution in the information landscape during 21st century. This has led to a paradigm shift not only in the modes and mechanism of storage, access, and delivery, but the acquisition of information has also witnessed a prominent change. This chapter is a theoretical overview of some newly emerging and popular modes of acquisition currently available for libraries to acquire and subscribe electronic information resources. Due to a visible change in the nature of information storage, access, and delivery, publishers have brought about certain changes in the policies governing the sale of their products in electronic form. As such, new license models have emerged, of which some popular ones have been enlisted for the benefit of libraries. The basic criteria needed to be set in force for prompt assessment of e-resources have also been highlighted at the end of this chapter.
A Transitional Shift From Traditional Library to Digital Library
Authors: Halder Dipankar
Published: October 2019

Traditional libraries were considered as the storehouse for books and available for kings and renowned personalities of the society. Later on, libraries were considered information centres, but with the emergence of ICT, the concept of traditional libraries was changed; the books were replaced by information, and now information is for use for dissemination not for preservation. Tremendous advancement in technological developments is taking place in the field of ICT, so the user demand to change according to change in technology, to meet the demand of users and the library were shifting from traditional libraries to digital libraries, electronic libraries, and virtual libraries. This chapter discusses the relationship between digital and traditional libraries. It takes a critical look at the belief that the information technology revolution has destroyed traditional libraries as well as the librarians working them.
Impact of Digital Marketing on ICDL 2016 Event Promotion
Authors: Sharma Reeta , Bhattacharya P. K. , Ganguly Shantanu , Kumar Arun
Published: October 2019

Today's world is technology-driven. Technology has penetrated almost every sphere of human life. Digital marking is one of the technologies that have attracted people from different age groups all over the world with their advanced nature of applications and uses. One of the foremost reasons why patrons like to use this technology is because these are not only user-friendly in nature and innovativeness but also carry the knowledge economies. Marketing and branding through digital media channels are very decent ventures that have steadily increased in value and are thereby considered safe and secure investments. In this chapter, the authors discuss a case study of ICDL 2016 conference where social media and other technology is widely used to market this event and catch prospective users.
LMS for Information Science Students in an Open Distance E-Learning Institution in South Africa
Authors: Mncube Lancelord Siphamandla
Published: October 2019

In an open distance e-learning (ODeL) environment, the lack of infrastructure causes certain obstacles that result in students not utilising the learning management systems (LMS). The aim of this study was to examine the usability and reliability of myUnisa as the LMS used for teaching Information Science at the University of South Africa (UNISA). In the particular context, a quantitative research approach was followed, and a questionnaire was designed and distributed as a web survey in an attempt to reach scattered respondents. The research findings show that the majority of students appreciate myUnisa as being reliable in for information science students. Also, students find learning on myUnisa more convenient than face-to-face instruction, as it offers more flexibility. This study recommends all students being provided with the internet as an access tool as well as the provision of free internet access or lower charges in data bundles to all registered UNISA students.
Determining the Electronic Information Access Visibility Among the Faculty Members in the Engineering and Technology Institutions
Authors: Baskaran C. , Ramesh P.
Published: October 2019

The study analyses faculty members from 39 engineering institutions where electronic information was accessed for their teaching and research in Coimbatore District. The study observed results that 176 (33.8%) of them are Masters in Engineering, 89 (17.1%) of them have done M.Sc. Engineering, 46 (8.8%) of them have completed M. Tech, and 87 (16.8%) of the respondents are Ph.D. holders. The majority of the respondents, 221 (42.5%), are assistant professors/lecturers/senior lecturers. Two hundred fifty-one (48.3%) respondents rated that information sought from e-books are “excellent” while 205 (39.4%) of the respondents rated them as “very good.” Two hundred eighty (53.8%) respondents “agree” that electronic journals save the time of the user while 219 (42.1%) of the respondents “strongly agree.” A miniscule number, 21 (4.0%), respondents “disagree.”
Designing a Framework of Ethnomedicinal Plant Knowledge Integration Using OSS
Authors: Das Piyali
Published: October 2019

Indigenous knowledge refers to the knowledge, innovations, and practices of indigenous communities. Ethnic groups are repository knowledge of herbal medicine. Many indigenous people use several plants for medicinal preparations, and these medicines are known as ethnomedicine. It has developed from experience gained over centuries. Species of ethnomedicinal plants are threatened in most of nations due to overexploitation, habitat loss, destructive harvesting techniques, unsustainable trade, and deforestation. Documented indigenous knowledge on ethnomedicine forms part of the documentary heritage of the nation. The chapter will provide a framework for design an information retrieval system for ethnomedicine or knowledge on medicinal plants that are used to manage human ailments. The framework will be prepared, established on the open source software (OSS), and is appropriate not only for documentation but also beneficial for retrieving domain-specific knowledge. The model provides a framework for resource integration digitally using Greenstone Digital Library (GSDL) software.
Analysis of International Patent Applications for Inventions Like Traditional Herbal Medicines
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Ameeta
Published: October 2019

Numerous applications have been filed for patents based on bio-inventions in the Indian patent office. Although there is not any international patent, there is a system of international patent applications whereby the applicant may designate name of countries where they wish to file application for patents nationally. According to international patent classification, the concern class for such a patent applications is A61K36/00. More particularly, the international class (IC) A61K36/00 relates to medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof (e.g., traditional herbal medicines). International applications filings under patent cooperation treaty (PCT) for patent purposes can be accessed at the Patentscope (patent search tool of WIPO). All international patent applications for such TK-based inventions have been accessed online at Patentscope using the classification code A61K36 for this study.
Data-Driven Stochastic Optimization for Transportation Road Network Design Under Uncertainty
Authors: Chiou Suh-Wen
Published: October 2019

A data-driven stochastic program for bi-level network design with hazardous material (hazmat) transportation is proposed in this chapter. In order to regulate the risk associated with hazmat transportation and minimize total travel cost on interested area under stochasticity, a multi-objective stochastic optimization model is presented to determine generalized travel cost for hazmat carriers. Since the bi-level program is generally non-convex, a data-driven bundle method is presented to stabilize solutions of the proposed model and reduce relative gaps between iterations. Numerical comparisons are made with existing risk-averse models. The results indicate that the proposed data-driven stochastic model becomes more resilient than others in minimizing total travel cost and mitigating risk exposure. Moreover, the trade-offs among maximum risk exposure, generalized travel costs, and maximum equitable risk spreading over links are empirically investigated in this chapter.
Examining Visitors' Characteristics and Behaviors in Tourist Destinations Through Mobile Phone Users' Location Data
Authors: Yamamoto Masahide
Published: October 2019

This chapter uses Mobile Kukan Toukei™ (mobile spatial statistics) to collect the location data of mobile phone users in order to count the number of visitors at specific tourist destinations and examine their characteristics. Mobile Kukan Toukei is statistical population data created by an operational data of mobile phone networks. It is possible to estimate the population structure of a region by gender, age, and residence using this service of the company. The locations and characteristics of the individuals obtained herein are derived through a non-identification process, aggregation processing, and concealment processing. Therefore, it is impossible to identify specific individuals. This chapter attempts to identify the number of visitors in different periods and their characteristics based on the location data of mobile phone users collected by the mobile phone company. In addition, it also attempts to demonstrate an alternative method to more accurately infer the number of visitors in specific areas.
Predictive Analysis of Robotic Manipulators Through Inertial Sensors and Pattern Recognition
Authors: Alonso Moro Jorge , Gómez Muñoz Carlos Quiterio , García Márquez Fausto Pedro
Published: October 2019

Industrial robotics is constantly evolving, with installation forecast of about 2 million new robots in 2020. The predictive maintenance focused on industrial robots is beginning to be applied more, but its possibilities have not yet been fully exploited. The present study focuses on the applications offered by inertial sensors in the field of industrial robotics, specifically the possibility of measuring the “real” rotation angle of a robotic arm and comparing it with its own system of measure. The study will focus on the measurement of the backlash existing in the gearbox of the axis of a robot. Data received from the sensor will be analysed using the wavelet transform, and the mechanical state of the system could be determined. The introduction of this sensing system is safe, dynamic, and non-destructive, and it allows one to perform the measurement remotely, in the own installation of the robot and in working conditions. These features allow one to use the device in different predictive functions.
Call Masking
Authors: Assay Benjamin Enahoro
Published: October 2019

The phenomenon of call masking and other related infractions have assumed frightening dimension in Nigeria. Apart from depriving the government and telecoms companies of huge revenue, the sharp practices also constitute a security threat to the nation. In a bid to curb the menace, the Nigerian Communications Commission, the industry regulator, had to suspend six interconnect exchange licenses in February 2018 and bar 750,000 lines belonging to 13 operators from the national network suspected to have been involved in the criminal act. However, in spite of the measures taken by NCC, the sharp practices have continued unabated. It is against this backdrop that this chapter proffers solutions and recommends ways to nip the infractions in the bud and save the telecoms industry from imminent collapse.
Urban Spatial Data Computing
Authors: V. Uma , Ganapathy Jayanthi
Published: October 2019

Urban spatial data is the source of information in analysing risks due to natural disaster, evacuation planning, risk mapping and assessments, etc. Global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite-based technology that is used to navigate on earth. Geographical information system (GIS) is a software system that facilitates software services to mankind in various application domains such as agriculture, ecology, forestry, geomorphology analysis in earthquake and landslides, laying of underground water pipe connection and demographic studies like population migration, urban settlements, etc. Thus, spatial and temporal relations of real-time activities can be analysed to predict the future activities like predicting places of interest. Time analysis of such activities helps in personalisation of activities or development of recommendation systems, which could suggest places of interest. Thus, GPS mapping with data analytics using GIS would pave way for commercial and business development in large scale.
Media and the Rights of the Child in Africa
Authors: Oyero Olusola Samuel
Published: October 2019

The journey to realising the rights of the child could be traced back to almost a century ago with the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1924. But the most significant and most impactful event for children took place 30 years ago with the declaration of the United Nations: the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989. It is this convention that has recognised and specified the important role that the media can play in supporting the rights of the child. This chapter thus tries to place media role in child rights promotion and protection with an historical context for the purpose of knowledge flow on the subject. It further discusses the theoretical basis for media intervention in child rights issues while at the same time it attempts to assess how the media has performed in the task assigned to it in the UNCRC. It offers some suggestions on better media performance to galvanise the effort at realising child rights for sustainable development.
Media and Child Rights in Africa
Authors: Bitrus-Ojiambo Ukaiko A. , King'ori Muthoni E.
Published: October 2019

This chapter describes Kenyan media narratives and portrayals of children and their rights. The chapter examines how Kenyan media frame child rights stories. Through qualitative content analysis of child stories in selected Kenyan media platforms, the authors interrogated what these narratives tell us about how children and their rights are viewed and the implications of the media frames used. Findings showed that child rights stories are yet to receive the comprehensive coverage needed. The findings further indicated that Kenyan media framed the child in stereotypical and patriarchal ways with the voice of the child most times left out. In addition, many of the stories analysed were found to lack depth, context, and link to child rights. Some of the challenges that hamper effective media coverage include inadequate training on child rights reporting, lack of media desks tackling children stories, and insufficient knowledge on child rights.
The Relationship Between Old Institutional Economics (OIE) and Feminist Economics
Authors: Akansel Ilkben
Published: October 2019

Economics and philosophy has a deep connection. It sometimes intertwined with each other whether economics needs philosophy or not. Philosophy of economics is a neccessity in order to understand the circumstances behind the economics events. Comprehension of such a neccessity can be complicated on certain occasions because of neoclassical economics thought. Neoclassical economics is also described as mainstream economics. This has long been a debate that critisizes mainstream economics. All followers critisizing mainstream economics are characterized as heterodox economics. Two of the fundemantal heterodox economics concepts are institutional economics and feminist economics. This study will therefore scrutinize mainstream economics in terms of the idea of old institutional economics and feminist economics.
The Narh Prices of Various Comestibles in the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Arslan Ramazan
Published: October 2019

Since the food prices are the essential needs of people, they have usually been a topical issue in every period. Therefore, this issue mobilized the administrators of aforementioned period, and necessitated to take measures on this issue. Perhaps one of the most significant measures were the narh (price fixing) system. In this study, narh prices of various comestibles have been approached according to dated 1241-1826 and numbered 09264 in the book of senior accountant (Başmuhasebe Kalemi Defteri). The purpose of study is to prove the given importance of the stability of food prices by Ottoman administration comparatively and to contribute to the studies that have been conducted or will be conducted. The documents in the Ottoman Archives of Turkish Presidency (COA in Turkish) have been used as a study method and other works have been used as well in terms of integrity of the topic. As a result of the study, it is found that Ottoman Empire prioritized the price stability in the comestibles, especially to the benefit of her people.
Agricultural Cooperatives for Sustainable Development of Rural Territories and Food Security
Authors: Fedorova Maria , Taaricht Ismail
Published: October 2019

This chapter deals with the elaboration of a conceptual framework for agricultural cooperatives in Morocco: sustainable development of rural territories. The farming cooperative associations form an effective means for the advancement of the agricultural sector, being one of the elements of agricultural policy, which play an important role in the development of agricultural production, both plant and animal, as well as in the development process in Morocco, especially for rural development, and through it, rural income of the farmers and their social statuses. In this chapter, the authors have taken the Moroccan agriculture cooperatives as a case of cooperative longevity and survival in order to observe the evolution and processes of adaptation to the distinct economic, social, and environmental demands of a broad range of member-owners. The demands of the farming community, members, and society have resulted in social and environmental factors being as much a priority as economic aspects.
Smart City Solutions and the Potential of Using Web APIs
Authors: Strize Ante , Jadrić Mario , Ćukušić Maja
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents the advantages of using APIs in the context of Smart City solutions and describes relevant successful practices. As there is still some uncertainty and the fear of compromising the security of data in these types of scenarios, most cities have just started using web APIs indicating that there are still opportunities for further enhancements. Different views on Smart City solutions result in different priorities and assumptions, so depending on the role, it is possible to differentiate between the programmer's (technical) and customer/citizen's perspective. The research was conducted with two groups of respondents: with end-users and programmers. The purpose of the survey was to find out the preferences and characteristics that potential users are looking for from Smart City solutions, while the aim of conducted interviews with programmers was to explore their attitudes about using web APIs in Smart City solutions.
The Role of Corporate Sustainability on Firm Value
Authors: Abdioglu Nida
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the role of listing in sustainability index on the firm values of Borsa Istanbul firms. Furthermore, the interaction effects of some firm specific characteristics on firm value are investigated. Firstly, the impact of each firm specific characteristics, and mainly sustainability dummy, on firm value is analysed. It is found that firms that are listed in BIST Sustainability Index have higher firm values. Secondly, the interaction terms with sustainability dummy and each firm-specific characteristic are created. It is concluded that, among the firms listed in BIST sustainability index, firms with higher leverage ratios, lower current ratios, lower price to equity ratios, lower asset turnover ratios, and lower tangibility ratios have higher firm values.
Using European Carbon Dioxide Emission Allowances for Investments in Storage Technologies
Authors: Vulin Domagoj , Arnaut Maja , Jukić Lucija , Karasalihović Sedlar Daria
Published: October 2019

European Trading Scheme should encourage the idea of CO2 utilization and/or underground storage. Despite the large estimates of CO2 storage capacities, cost-effective storage has not been performed in the EU. As EU ETS went through several phases and is tested to the level that it can be called mature, the trends of CO2 allowance market prices can be analyzed. CO2 reduction can be achieved by simultaneous injection for CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) commercially, which is proved outside the EU. The technology is well developed as a part of the oil and gas business, and the mover for implementing such technologies might be CO2 allowance price. As investments in those technologies are long-term and extremely capital intensive, this chapter discussed CO2 utilization and storage in the context of EU ETS. Additionally, the chapter presented statistical analysis that helps long-term CO2 price understanding; the connection of CO2 price with oil, gas, and electricity price; and guidelines for risk mitigation in assessing the feasibility of applying CO2 utilization and storage (CUS) technologies.
Criminality
Authors: Balloni Augusto
Published: October 2019

From an initial analysis relative to the spread of crime, some theories on the causes of criminal behavior are reviewed. After having underlined that many theoretical hypotheses on criminal conduct are not fully satisfactory because they do not offer data and elements useful to concretely evaluate behavior in criminology, the proposal is, especially for prevention, to refer to the theories in the field of psychology linked to the research by K. Lewin and his followers, through action-research. An attempt has been made to re-propose the approach proposed by K. Lewin, believing that this perspective can open up new horizons regarding both scientific research and practical applications, especially in relation to programming a more attentive interpretation and prevention of the crime. This proposal is based on personal experiences in the psychiatric-criminological field, applying research-action.
Applying Fault Trees to the Analysis at the Minimum Age for Sexual Consent in the Criminal Law of México
Authors: Olmos Samuel , Nares José Julio
Published: October 2019

Children and adolescents have the enjoyment of sexual and reproductive human rights, and when they have reached the minimum legal age for sexual consent, they acquire the right to exercise it. In the world this age, although supported by laws, is fixed by several factors, among which the cultural one stands out. Mexican criminal legislation punishes adults who have sexual relations with minors who are not of that age with the offence of rape because of the serious effects it has on their dignity and sexual health. On average, 76% of the penal codes of the country's federal states stipulate the age between 12 and 14 years. It is argued that this age, and in particular the first, lacks effectiveness in protecting as a legal asset the free development of the personality in its aspect of sexual health, so it is argued based on the theory guaranteeing human rights, the need to establish it at least 15 years. It analyzes the state of legislation in Mexico based on the failure trees.
Transnational Organized Crime
Authors: Palermo Giovanna
Published: October 2019

Criminal organizations have opened up to profound global transformations, putting themselves on the financial markets and creating a network in Mafia style. The present contribution intends to offer a framework of transnational criminal organizations, starting from defining aspects, normative forecasts and peculiarities, and then describing the Italian mafias and those of Eastern Europe, China, and Nigeria. Through these analyses the author intends to demonstrate how although Italy is the only country to have introduced “the Mafia Criminal Association” ex Art. 416 bis of the Penal Code, other countries also know this phenomenon. China, Russia, sub-Saharan Africa have given rise to mafia-style criminal organizations, even though they have not legally defined them. Today the branching of these associations at transnational level brings out their mafia values and the need to intervene with the legal and investigative methodology that was first experimented in Italy.
Systematic Violence of Organized Crime in México
Authors: Castillo Reyna Faride Peña , López Rocio Quintal , Martin-Peña Javier
Published: October 2019

This chapter has the aim to present an analysis of narrative in youths in the context of systematic violence as a product of organized crime, an expression that constitutes a negative indicator of their personal development, starting from the experiences of whom have lived through that violence in their environment. This is an exploratory analysis, accomplished through a discussion group made up of five youths from three states (Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and Estado de México), between ages of 21 and 23 years old, all social sciences university students. The results identified the explicit recognition of violence as a phenomenon distinct from relational or socio-political violence. Discussion emphasizes that through the application of community interventions that consider the citizen, especially youth, participation is necessary to reclaim peace and social equilibrium to aspire for a better regional and national development.
Online Child Pornography
Authors: Macilotti Giorgia
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents some challenges faced by the police in identifying child pornography images. In particular, three main problems will be discussed throughout this chapter. The first lies in deciding whether an image is explicit enough to be considered pornographic. The second issue lies in determining whether the victim is a child or someone who appears to be a child. A final challenge concerns how to deal with sexually explicit images produced by someone who is a child themselves. It will be argued that despite emerging investigative and forensic methods, the decision-making process engaged in by police officers still presents some specific challenges. These aspects will be discussed through an analysis of semi-structured interviews with 23 French police officers and forensic analysts working in departments specialising in policing cybercrime and online child sexual abuse.
Active Citizenship in Urban Security Policies
Authors: Reatti Sofia
Published: October 2019

What does it mean to be protected? To live in a constantly monitored space, or feeling heard by the institutions? Supervise the neighborhood or be involved in the design of security policies? The chapter analyzes citizens' active participation as a further element for an effective implementation of urban safety policies. It will analyze citizen involvement in ensuring the safety of their territory through neighborhood watch groups in the European context. The authors try to answer the following questions: Why are the neighborhood watch groups born and why do some people choose to join these programs? What value do citizens give to the groups? What are the potential benefits and risks for local communities?
Brute Force Search Method for Cyberbullying Detection
Authors: Ptaszynski Michal E. , Masui Fumito
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the authors present a method for automatic detection of malicious internet contents, based on a combinatorial approach resembling brute force search algorithms, with application to language classification. The method automatically extracts sophisticated patterns from sentences and applies them in classification. The experiments performed on actual cyberbullying data showed advantage of this method to previous methods, including the one described in Chapter 4. Pros and cons of this method when compared to previous ones are also discussed in this chapter.
Preparing and Enriching Linguistically and Culturally Responsive Educators Through Professional Development
Authors: Slapac Alina , Kim Sujin , Coppersmith Sarah A.
Published: October 2019

This chapter examined a cohort of 12 in-service teachers' and three administrators' views in regards to areas of successes, challenges, and priorities in working with immigrant and refugee students and their families as a result of three professional development (PD) sessions that were offered as part of a federal grant-based research project. Qualitative data included field notes through participant observation of group discussions, informal conversations with the participants, PD activity materials, online reflective surveys after each PD session, a background and demographic checklist, and a final questionnaire of overall learning. The results showed the participants' growing sensitivity towards their students' and families' contexts, including academic and social supports, with a desire to promote and implement more linguistically and culturally responsive strategies within their practices and school districts.
The Clinical Laboratory and the Commitment to Quality
Authors: Stamouli Marilena , Mourtzikou Antonia
Published: October 2019

The main role that clinical laboratories play in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases is clearly evident. Clinical laboratories need to sustain a commitment to quality and demonstrate a certifiable level of compliance. Many strategies are used to reduce laboratory errors, including internal QC procedures, external quality assessment programs, implementation of QIs and six-sigma methodology. All strategies should be consistent with the requirements of the international standard for medical laboratory accreditation and suitable for promoting corrective/preventive actions. They must promote total quality and patient safety and be consistent with the definition of a laboratory error. Harmonization process is in progress; however, further efforts must be made. Total quality management must be evaluated periodically. For a patient-centered approach, there is the need to assure that each and every step of the total testing process is correctly performed, that weaknesses are recognized, and that corrective and preventive actions are designed and implemented.
The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Innovation
Authors: Akça Samet , Afşar Bilge
Published: October 2019

This chapter studies innovation and economic growth and emphasizes their relationship. In this context; innovation and economic growth outputs of 16 OECD countries between 2005 and 2015 are analyzed. GDP is considered as economic growth variable, R&D investments in GDP (%), and patent applications are considered as innovation variables. In light of these variables, panel data analyze is used. Unit root, Pedroni co-integration and FMOLS tests were applied with the order. As a result, the increase in patent applications and R&D investments was found to have a positive effect on economic growth.
The Concentration From the Competition Perspective in the Turkish Banking Sector
Authors: Kartal Mustafa Tevfik
Published: October 2019

With the globalization, the world has been becoming a much smaller place. New types of business have been emerging. Depending on this situation, new corporations are founded in current and emerging sectors. This causes an increase in competition. On the other hand, a variety of sectors are regulated intensively which result in a high concentration. Banking sectors is one of these sectors at where regulations are much and entry barriers are high. It is aimed at examining concentration from competition perspectives Turkish Banking Sector (TBS). It is concluded that TBS generally has a non-concentrated industry structure in terms of total assets, total credits, total deposits, total equities, and total net profits. Exceptions are seen in total net profits and in total deposits. Concentration level generally has decreased from 1999 (1,172 on average) to 2018 (899 on average calculated by Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). It is recommended that necessary precautions should be taken by regulatory bodies in order to decrease concentration and increase competition in TBS.
From the Working Order of Akhi-Tradesmen Organization to Economic Geography
Authors: Gürsoy Çiğdem
Published: October 2019

It is possible to take the concepts of economic geography, regional production, and competition, often mentioned nowadays, back to the transition to the established order in the historical process, in other words, to the agricultural revolution. However, systematically developing and implementing methods was started by Ahi Evran about 800 years ago. The working order of the Akhi-Tradesmen Organization created by Evran, based on the understanding of the economy will serve the human, not human to economy, bears a resemblance to today's agglomeration system. The fact that production factors, which are agglomerated in a specified geographical area, work with optimum efficiency spurs competitiveness.Within this framework, this chapter reveals the implementation of regional agglomeration model in Ottoman territories in historical process, which is discussed in the economic geography studies. In addition, within the scope of institutionalization, the period spent by organization of Akhi-Tradesmen in the Ottoman Empire will be mentioned.
3D-Printed Conductive Filaments Based on Carbon Nanostructures Embedded in a Polymer Matrix
Authors: Horst Diogo José , Junior Pedro Paulo Andrade
Published: October 2019

Conductive and magnetic filaments are revolutionizing three-dimensional printing (3DP) to a new level. This review study presents the current state of the art on the subject, summarizing recent high impact studies about main advances regarding the application of 3DP filaments based on carbon nanostructures such as graphene, carbon fibers, nanotubes, and conductive carbon black embedded in a polymer matrix, by reviewing its main characteristics and showing the main producers and also the products available on the market. The availability of inexpensive, reliable, and electrically conductive material will be indispensable for the fabrication of circuits and sensors before the full potential of 3DP for customized products incorporating electrical elements can be fully explored.
The Impact of Project Initiators on Open Source Software Project Success
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Jinxiao
Published: October 2019

This paper focuses on studying the role of open source software project initiator in affecting the OSS project success from the perspective of individual and collective behaviors. The authors collected the data from an emerging OSS hosting platform Gitee in China. This research indicates that the success mode for open source software projects in China relies a lot on the project initiators. Project initiators not only contribute codes to aid the project directly, but also use their social capital to facilitate the project success. But no full play has been given to social network's effect on mass production and collaborative innovation. The authors suggest collaborative innovation which could lead to coherence of global collective wisdom, reduced development costs, and expanded source of innovation should be the further direction for the OSS project in emerging platforms.
Evolutionary Game Analysis on Government Supervision and Dairy Enterprise in the Process of Product Recall in China
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Chang
Published: October 2019

On the basis of stating recall and regulation mode, this paper analyzes long-term evolutionary trend between dairy enterprise and government supervision on bounded rationality with evolutionary game. The authors use Python matplotlib to simulate research results. Studies show that it is helpful to build a standard recall system of defect and dairy products. This system should reduce the costs of government supervision. In addition, in case of mandatory recall, it should strengthen punishment intensity of the government supervision branch on dairy enterprise, increase more losing costs of dairy enterprise, and decrease external environment benefits of dairy enterprise. In case of voluntary recall, the system should encourage various strategies and subsidy of the government supervision branch on dairy enterprise and amplify social influence of dairy enterprise. Especially, the paper puts forward detailed strategies for dairy enterprise.
Estimation and Comparison of Electrode Wear and Ae Parameters of Titanium Material in Wire Electric Discharge Machining Using ANN
Authors: Prathik Jain S. , Ravindra H.V. , Prakash G.V. Naveen , Ugrasen G.
Published: November 2019

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts with varying hardness or complex shapes, which have sharp edges that are very difficult to be machined by the main stream machining processes. Selection of process parameters for obtaining higher cutting efficiency or accuracy in WEDM is still not fully solved, even with most up-to-date CNC wire EDM machine. It is widely recognised that Acoustic Emission (AE) is gaining ground as a monitoring method for health diagnosis on rotating machinery. The advantage of AE monitoring over vibration monitoring is that the AE monitoring can detect the growth of subsurface cracks whereas the vibration monitoring can detect defects only when they appear on the surface. This study outlines the optimization of titanium material using L16 design of experiment. Each experiment has been performed varying the process parameters like pulse-on time, pulse-off time, current and bed speed. Among different process parameters voltage and flush rate were kept constant. Molybdenum wire having diameter of 0.18 mm was used as an electrode. Simple functional relationships between the parameters were plotted to arrive at possible information on Electrode Wear (EW) and AE signals. But these simpler methods of analysis did not provide any information about the status of the electrode. Thus, there is a requirement for more sophisticated methods that are capable of integrating information from the multiple sensors. Hence, method like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been applied for the estimation of EW, AE signal strength, AE count and AE RMS. The ANN algorithm is designed to learn the process by training the algorithm with the experimental data. The experimental observations are divided into three sets: the training set, validation set and testing set. The training set is used to make the ANN learn the process and the testing set will check the performance of ANN. Different models can be obtained by varying the percentage of data in the training set and the best model can be selected from these, viz., 50%, 60% and 70%. The best model is selected from the said percentages of data. Estimation of the EW and AE signals parameters by ANN at 70% of data training set showed the best correlation with the measured value.
Tensile Behavior of Aluminium2014 Reinforced with Boron Carbide and Copper Coated Short Basalt Fiber Based Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ranganatha S.R. , Shantharaja M
Published: November 2019

In this research work an effort has been made to study the tensile behavior of boron carbide and copper coated short basalt fiber reinforced with Al2014 based hybrid composites are prepared by stir casting technique. To avoid the interfacial reactions between basalt fiber and matrix Al2014 alloy the fibers are coated with copper using copper sulphate solution by electroless deposition method.The coated fiber was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been clearly revealed the uniform deposition of copper on the surface of fiber and tensile behavior of Hybrid composites was increased with increase in the wt% of reinforcements. At 6% boron carbide and 8% copper coated basalt fiber shows maximum tensile property.
Role of Zirconia Filler on Mechanical Properties and Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Glass/Basalt Hybrid Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Kanthraju B.S. , Suresha Bheemappa , Somashekar H.M.
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the effect of zirconia filler on mechanical properties and dry sliding wear of bidirectional hybrid (glass and basalt fiber) fabric reinforced epoxy (G-B/E) composites. Fabrication was done by hand layup method followed by compression molding. The effect of zirconia filler loading on mechanical characteristics like hardness, tensile and flexure of fabricated G-B/E composites were determined according to ASTM standards. Also, wear behavior under dry sliding condition was performed using pin-on-disc machine for different applied normal loads/sliding distance. Experimental results reveal that incorporation of zirconia filler improves the mechanical properties. Further, the wear test results indicated addition of zirconia into G-B/E hybrid fiber composites plays important role on specific wear rate under the tribo-conditions selected for the study. Further, inclusion of zirconia into G-B/E composites shows improved wear resistance and addition of 6 wt. % of zirconia exhibits least specific wear rate compared to other hybrid G-B/E composites. In addition, Scanning electron microscope images of selected mechanical test fractured coupons also have been discussed.