bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The network structure of mania symptoms differs between people with and without binge eating
Authors: Davies Helena L. , Peel Alicia J. , Mundy Jessica , Monssen Dina , Kakar Saakshi , Davies Molly R. , Adey Brett N. , Armour Chérie , Kalsi Gursharan , Lin Yuhao , Marsh Ian , Rogers Henry C. , Walters James T. R. , Herle Moritz , Glen Kiran , Malouf Chelsea Mika , Kelly Emily J. , Eley Thalia C. , Treasure Janet , Breen Gerome , Hübel Christopher
Published: June 2023

Objectives

People with bipolar disorder who also report binge eating have increased psychopathology and greater impairment than those without binge eating. Whether this co‐occurrence is related to binge eating as a symptom or presents differently across full‐syndrome eating disorders with binge eating is unclear.

Methods

We first compared networks of 13 lifetime mania symptoms in 34,226 participants from the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Research BioResource with (n = 12,104) and without (n = 22,122) lifetime binge eating. Second, in the subsample with binge eating, we compared networks of mania symptoms in participants with lifetime anorexia nervosa binge‐eating/purging (n = 825), bulimia nervosa (n = 3737), and binge‐eating disorder (n = 3648).

Results

People with binge eating endorsed every mania symptom significantly more often than those without binge eating. Within the subsample, people with bulimia nervosa most often had the highest endorsement rate of each mania symptom. We found significant differences in network parameter statistics, including network structure (M = 0.25, p = 0.001) and global strength (S = 1.84, p = 0.002) when comparing the binge eating with no binge‐eating participants. However, network structure differences were sensitive to reductions in sample size and the greater density of the latter network was explained by the large proportion of participants (34%) without mania symptoms. The structure of the anorexia nervosa binge‐eating/purging network differed from the bulimia nervosa network (M = 0.66, p = 0.001), but the result was unstable.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the presence and structure of mania symptoms may be more associated with binge eating as a symptom rather than any specific binge‐type eating disorder. Further research with larger sample sizes is required to confirm our findings.
Fertility treatment, valuable life projects and social norms: In defence of defending (reproductive) preferences
Authors: Cavaliere Giulia
Published: June 2023

Fertility treatment enables involuntary childless people to have genetically related children, something that, for many, is a valuable life project. In this paper, I respond to two sets of objections that have been raised against expanding state‐funded fertility treatment provision for existing treatments, such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and against funding new treatments, such as uterine transplantation (UTx). Following McTernan, I refer to the first set of objections as the ‘one good among many’ objection. It purports that it is unjustifiable for the state to prioritise the funding of the life project of becoming a parent through fertility treatment provision over the funding of other life projects that people might have. Following Lotz, I refer to the second set of objections as the ‘norm‐legitimation’ objection. It maintains that the provision of costly forms of fertility treatment, such as UTx, would legitimise problematic social norms concerning genetic relatedness, reproduction and parenting, and that states should not engage in such a legitimation. In response to these objections, I defend the view that (reproductive) preferences ought to be taken more seriously when discussing fertility treatment provision and parental projects, and that not doing so can be costly, especially for women. The approach defended in this paper seeks to avoid disregarding and policing preferences and to reconcile their fulfilment with political projects aimed at improving the material and social conditions of sub‐fertile people: people who, for social or biological reasons (or an intersection of the two), are unable to reproduce unassisted.
Mechanism of urosepsis: relationship between intrarenal pressures and pyelovenous backflow
Authors: Hong Anne , du Plessis Justin , Browne Cliodhna , Jack Gregory , Bolton Damien
Published: June 2023

Objective

To document the histological changes observed in renal units subjected to elevated intrarenal pressures (IRPs) and postulate the possible mechanisms of infectious complications after ureteroscopy.

Materials and Methods

Ex vivo studies were performed on porcine renal models. Each ureter was cannulated with a 10‐F dual‐lumen ureteric catheter. A pressure‐sensing wire was inserted through one lumen and with the sensor positioned in the renal pelvis for IRP measurement. Undiluted India ink stain was irrigated through the second lumen. Each renal unit was subjected to ink irrigation at target IRPs of 5 (control), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 200 mmHg. Three renal units were subjected to each target IRP. After irrigation, each renal unit was processed by a uropathologist. Macroscopically, the amount of renal cortex stained by ink was calculated as a percentage of the total perimeter. Microscopically, presence of ink reflux into collecting ducts or distal convoluted tubules, and pressure‐related features, was noted at each IRP.

Results

Signs of pressure, as represented by collecting duct dilatation, was first observed at 60 mmHg. Ink staining was consistently observed in the distal convoluted tubules at IRPs ≥60 mmHg, and all renal units above this pressure showed renal cortex involvement. At ≥90 mmHg, ink staining was observed in venous structures. At 200 mmHg, ink staining was observed in supportive tissue, venous tributaries in the sinus fat, peritubular capillaries, and glomerular capillaries.

Conclusion

Using an ex vivo porcine model, pyelovenous backflow occurred at IRPs of ≥90 mmHg. Pyelotubular backflow occurred when irrigation IRPs were ≥60 mmHg. These findings have implications for the development of complications after flexible intrarenal surgery.
Accuracy and safety of a haptic operated and machine vision controlled collaborative robot for dental implant placement: A translational study
Authors: Qiao Shi‐Chong , Wu Xin‐Yu , Shi Jun‐Yu , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Lai Hong‐Chang
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Multiple generations of medical robots have revolutionized surgery. Their application to dental implants is still in its infancy. Co‐operating robots (cobots) have great potential to improve the accuracy of implant placement, overcoming the limitations of static and dynamic navigation. This study reports the accuracy of robot‐assisted dental implant placement in a preclinical model and further applies the robotic system in a clinical case series.

Materials and Methods

In model analyses, the use of a lock‐on structure at robot arm‐handpiece was tested in resin arch models. In a clinical case series, patients with single missing teeth or edentulous arch were included. Robot‐assisted implant placement was performed. Surgery time was recorded. Implant platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation were measured. Factors influencing implant accuracy were analyzed.

Results

The in vitro results showed that with a lock‐on structure, the mean (SD) of platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation were 0.37 (0.14) mm, 0.44 (0.17) mm, and 0.75 (0.29)°, respectively. Twenty‐one patients (28 implants) were included in the clinical case series, 2 with arches and 19 with single missing teeth. The median surgery time for single missing teeth was 23 (IQ range 20–25) min. The surgery time for the two edentulous arches was 47 and 70 min. The mean (SD) of platform deviation, apex deviation, and angular deviation was 0.54 (0.17) mm, 0.54 (0.11) mm, and 0.79 (0.22)° for single missing teeth and for 0.53 (0.17) mm, 0.58 (0.17) mm, and 0.77 (0.26)° for an edentulous arch. Implants placed in the mandible had significantly larger apex deviation than those in the maxilla.

Conclusion

Cobot‐assisted dental implant placement showed excellent positional accuracy and safety in both the in vitro study and the clinical case series. More technological development and clinical research are needed to support the introduction of robotic surgery in oral implantology. Trial registered in ChiCTR2100050885.
Daughter cells inherit YAP localization from mother cells in early preimplantation embryos
Authors: Otsuka Tomoaki , Shimojo Hiromi , Sasaki Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

The first stage of cell differentiation during mouse development is the differentiation into the trophectoderm and inner cell mass, which occurs during the 8–32‐cell stages of preimplantation embryos. This differentiation is regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway. At the 32‐cell stage, embryos establish a position‐dependent distribution of the Hippo pathway coactivator, Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP, encoded by Yap1). The outer and inner cells showed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of YAP, respectively. However, the process by which embryos establish position‐dependent YAP localization remains elusive. Here, we established a YAP‐reporter mouse line, Yap1mScarlet, and examined YAP–mScarlet protein dynamics during the 8–32‐cell stages using live imaging. During mitosis, YAP–mScarlet diffused throughout the cells. YAP–mScarlet dynamics in daughter cells varied depending on the cell division patterns. YAP–mScarlet localization in daughter cells at the completion of cell division coincided with that in mother cells. Experimental manipulation of YAP–mScarlet localization in mother cells also altered its localization in daughter cells upon completion of cell division. In daughter cells, YAP–mScarlet localization gradually changed to the final pattern. In some divisions during the 8–16‐cell stages, the cytoplasmic YAP–mScarlet localization preceded cell internalization. These results suggest that cell position is not a primary determinant of YAP localization and that the Hippo signaling status of the mother cell is inherited by the daughter cells, which likely contributes to the stabilization of the cell fate specification process beyond cell division.
Spillover benefits of carbon dioxide cap and trade: Evidence from the Toxics Release Inventory
Authors: Pham Linh , Roach Travis
Published: June 2023

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is necessary to meet climate goals, but these emissions are not the only harmful bi‐products of fossil‐fuel combustion. This paper shows how a regional cap‐and‐trade program designed to regulate CO2 emissions affects the release of federally‐regulated toxins in the Toxics Release Inventory. We find that the program reduces toxic releases from coal‐fired electric plants by 78%, and that harmful metal releases (e.g., lead, mercury) have fallen by 54%. There is no evidence of spillovers into non‐adopting areas. This unintended beneficial effect of the carbon dioxide cap‐and‐trade policy provides compelling evidence of the co‐abatement of harmful compounds alongside greenhouse gas emissions.
Responses of soil C pools to combined warming and altered precipitation regimes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Xinyu , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Yue Kai , Ni Xiangyin , Desie Ellen , Heděnec Petr , Yang Jing , Wu Fuzhong
Published: June 2023

Aim

Global warming and altered precipitation substantially affect soil carbon (C) pools and can, in turn, feed back into climate change. However, how soil C pools respond to the combined effects of warming and altered precipitation remains unclear.

Location

Global.

Time period

1996–2021.

Major taxa studied

Soil organic C pools.

Method

A meta‐analysis was performed using 657 observations obtained from 34 published articles that focused on both individual and combined effects of warming and altered precipitation on soil organic C (SOC), dissolved organic C (DOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC) to quantify the responses of soil C pools.

Results

Across all combined warming and increased precipitation experiments, SOC and MBC increased by an average of 4.0% and 15.4%, respectively. In contrast, warming combined with decreased precipitation led to a substantial decline in SOC and MBC by an average of 8.2% and 12.3%, respectively. The responses of DOC to combined warming and altered precipitation were marginal. The direction and magnitude of the responses to the combined treatment were more similar to those in the individual altered precipitation treatment than to those in the individual warming treatment. Furthermore, these combined effects were substantially influenced by altered precipitation magnitudes. Combined warming and altered precipitation had greater impacts on soil C pools than their individual treatments but were not substantially different from the sum of their respective individual effects, showing overall additive effects. The responses of soil C pools to combined warming and altered precipitation were observed to be more pronounced in grasslands than in forests.

Main conclusion

The results demonstrated that altered precipitation regimes often dominated over warming in regulating soil C pools under combined warming and altered precipitation and improved our understanding of soil C cycles under climate change scenarios.
A user‐centered approach to the development of a diet education tool for older adults with tooth loss
Authors: Zelig Rena , Rothpletz‐Puglia Pamela , Hoskin Eileen R. , Singer Steven R. , Jones Veronica M. , Byham‐Gray Laura , Touger‐Decker Riva
Published: June 2023

Background

Tooth loss is associated with suboptimal nutrient intake and greater risk of malnutrition.

Objective

To develop and field‐test a stakeholder‐informed diet education tool that addresses the unique needs of older adults with tooth loss who do not wear dentures.

Methods

An iterative user‐centered approach was used. Initial content was developed based on findings from previous research. Stakeholder panels of older adults with 20 or fewer teeth, and dentists, were conducted at two time points to obtain feedback on the tool, which was revised following each panel. The tool was field‐tested in a dental school clinic and evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool; it was further revised based on feedback.

Results

A diet education tool entitled “Eating Healthier With Tooth Loss” was developed. Sections for fruits and vegetables, grains, and proteins food groups, and one addressing socioemotional aspects of eating with missing teeth were included. Panel members provided constructive, positive feedback; recommendations for editing text, images, design, and content were integrated. Field‐testing in the dental clinic with 27 pairs of student dentists and their patients resulted in scores of 95.7% for understandability and 96.6% for actionability, with over 85% agreement with each item. The tool was revised based on field‐testing feedback.

Conclusion

A diet education tool for older adults with tooth loss was developed using a user‐centered approach, integrating the ‘patient voice’ and patient experiences with US dietary guidelines. Use of this tool is feasible in a dental clinic setting. Future research should explore usage in larger settings.
EFL adolescent learners’ perceptions of digital multimodal composing tasks and task outcomes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kang Sanghee , Kim YouJin
Published: June 2023

Although the value of digital multimodal composing (DMC) in language learning is being increasingly recognized, longitudinal studies focusing on second language (L2) students’ DMC practices are scarce. To fill the gap, this multi‐case study aimed to explore English as a foreign language adolescent learners’ evolving perceptions of the role of DMC tasks in English learning and the relationship between the quality of DMC task outcomes and learners’ perceptions over 7 months. Eight DMC tasks were implemented in an English composition class, and perceptions and task outcomes of three focal participants were tracked over time. Data were collected from multiple sources, such as a learner background questionnaire, a digital literacy questionnaire, semi‐structured interviews, reflection surveys, and the scores of students’ DMC tasks. Findings indicate that although all three participants acknowledged a beneficial role of DMC practices, each participant's perception exhibited different patterns over time: two kept the similar perceptions (negative and positive for each) and one showed a change in her perceptions (negative to positive). Results suggest that this difference could be attributed to various factors, including perceived level of digital literacy, the ongoing learning experience with DMC tasks, and understanding of multimodality. Regarding the relationship between the quality of DMC outcomes and students’ perceptions, although all three learners tended to perform better on their tasks over time, participants’ attitudes seemed to mediate the quality of DMC products. Pedagogical implications of the study are discussed in light of important considerations when implementing DMC tasks in L2 classrooms.
A cross‐sectional evaluation of the current state of wound healing education in the United Kingdom's undergraduate medical curriculum
Authors: Poacher Arwel T. , Bhachoo Hari , Jones Andrew , Weston Jack , Powell Katharine , Myaat Pan , Morgan‐Jones Rhidian
Published: June 2023

Between 2013 and 2018, there has been a 71% increase in the number of patients who have required wound care in the NHS and such large numbers has placed a significant burden on healthcare systems. However, there is currently no evidence as to whether medical students are equipped with the necessary skills to deal with an increasing number of wound care related issues that patients present with. A total of 323 medical students across 18 UK medical schools completed an anonymous questionnaire evaluating the wound education received at their medical school, encompassing the volume, content, format and efficacy of teaching. 68.4% (221/323) of respondents had received some form of wound education during their undergraduate studies. On average students received 2.25 h of structured, preclinical teaching and only 1 h of clinical based teaching in total. All students that received wound education reported undertaking teaching on the physiology of, and factors affecting wound healing, with only 32.2% (n = 104) of students receiving clinically based wound education There was very weak correlation and no significant association in student's ability to assess wounds (R2 = 0.190, p = 0.013), manage wounds (R2 = 0.060, p = 0.37), and prescribe wound care products (R2 = 0.093, p = 0.18) with their stage of training. Students strongly agreed that wound education is an important part of the undergraduate curriculum and post graduate practice, and do not feel their learning needs have been met. This is the first study to assess the provision of wound education in the United Kingdom, demonstrating a clear deficit in the provision of wound education compared to expectation of junior doctors. Wound education is largely overlooked in the medical curriculum, lacks a clinical focus and does not prepare junior doctors with the necessary clinical abilities to deal with wound related pathology. Expert opinion to direct changes to future curriculum and further evaluation of teaching methodology is required to address this deficit and ensure students have the necessary clinical skills to excel as newly graduated doctors.
In silico evaluation of phytochemicals present in Bambusa polymorpha and Citrus limon extracts against Salmonella enteric Typhimurium combined with in vitro antimicrobial and acidic stress responsive studies
Authors: Thomas Rajendran , Singha Songeeta , Bharadwaj Devarshi , Kumar Abinash , Gupta Vivek Kumar
Published: June 2023

Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium is one of the causative agents for non‐typhoidal salmonellosis which is highly associated with the consumption animal products such as eggs, pork, and poultry. Phytochemicals present in plant extracts were reported to improve food safety by inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens. Herein, the antimicrobial activities of Citrus limon and Bambusa polymorpha extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the log counts of strains of S. Typhimurium inoculated in ground pork. The incorporation of undiluted extracts has resulted in 3.95 and 1.88 log reduction of S. Typhimurium, respectively with 2 h of exposure. Phytochemicals in the extracts that interfere with the activity of outer membrane (OmpA) and efflux pump regulatory proteins (MdfA, RamA) were also identified and interactions were anticipated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) studies. This study has revealed that the major phytochemicals present in the extracts were viz. phenol‐2‐ethyl, paracresol, 2, 3‐dimethoxybenzoic acid, cyclobarbital, 3‐methylsalicylhydrazide, and 3‐methoxy‐5‐methylphenol. In order to evaluate the drug likeness and toxicity, phytochemicals were screened for their physiochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. ADMET studies has revealed that the screened phytochemicals with high docking scores had potent anti‐bacterial abilities and could be used in drug design studies to develop natural plant products to preferentially target the outer membrane and efflux pump regulatory proteins of S. Typhimurium, which are critically important for the survival of S. Typhimurium under stress condition.
Homeopathy: A State of the Science Review With Recommendations for Practical Therapies in Midwifery Practice
Authors: Tinney Amy , Rice Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

A substantial proportion of adults and children in the United States use complementary and alternative health practices, including homeopathy. Many homeopathic therapies are readily available over the counter, and many individuals access and self‐administer these therapies with little or no guidance from health care practitioners. In addition, patients and health care providers are often confused by terminologies associated with complementary practices and may be unable to distinguish homeopathy from naturopathy, herbalism, holistic medicine, Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, or other forms of health care. Compared with European and Asian countries, education in the United States about complementary and alternative health practices is not typically found within traditional nursing, midwifery, or medical education curricula. Given this lack of education and the broad acceptance and popularity of homeopathy, it is necessary for health care practitioners to improve their knowledge regarding similarities and differences among therapies so they can fully inform and make appropriate recommendations to patients. The intent of this article is therefore to examine the state of existing science of homeopathy, distinguish it from other complementary methods, and provide midwives and women's health care providers with an introduction to common homeopathic therapies that may be recommended and safely used by persons seeking midwifery care. This review also presents the evidence base, pharmacology, manufacturing, and regulation of homeopathic therapies. We also consider controversies and misunderstandings regarding safety and efficacy of homeopathic remedies relevant to women and birthing persons. Examples of practical applications of homeopathic therapies for use in midwifery practice are introduced. Implications for practice and sample guidelines are included.
Lactate as a supplemental fuel for synaptic transmission and neuronal network oscillations: Potentials and limitations
Authors: Kann Oliver
Published: June 2023

Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major source of pyruvate compared to what is normally produced endogenously by neuronal glucose metabolism. However, the role of lactate oxidation in fueling neuronal signaling associated with complex cortex function, such as perception, motor activity, and memory formation, is widely unclear. This issue has been experimentally addressed using electrophysiology in hippocampal slice preparations (ex vivo) that permit the induction of different neural network activation states by electrical stimulation, optogenetic tools or receptor ligand application. Collectively, these studies suggest that lactate in the absence of glucose (lactate only) impairs gamma (30–70 Hz) and theta‐gamma oscillations, which feature high energy demand revealed by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2, set to 100%). The impairment comprises oscillation attenuation or moderate neural bursts (excitation–inhibition imbalance). The bursting is suppressed by elevating the glucose fraction in energy substrate supply. By contrast, lactate can retain certain electric stimulus‐induced neural population responses and intermittent sharp wave‐ripple activity that features lower energy expenditure (CMRO2 of about 65%). Lactate utilization increases the oxygen consumption by about 9% during sharp wave‐ripples reflecting enhanced adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Moreover, lactate attenuates neurotransmission in glutamatergic pyramidal cells and fast‐spiking, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons by reducing neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. By contrast, the generation and propagation of action potentials in the axon is regular. In conclusion, lactate is less effective than glucose and potentially detrimental during neural network rhythms featuring high energetic costs, likely through the lack of some obligatory ATP synthesis by aerobic glycolysis at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. High lactate/glucose ratios might contribute to central fatigue, cognitive impairment, and epileptic seizures partially seen, for instance, during exhaustive physical exercise, hypoglycemia and neuroinflammation.

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Deep brain stimulation in dystonia: The added value of neuropsychological assessments
Authors: Coenen Maraike A. , Eggink Hendriekje , van Egmond Martje E. , Oterdoom D. L. Marinus , van Dijk J. Marc C. , van Laar Teus , Spikman Jacoba M. , Tijssen Marina A. J.
Published: June 2023

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) is a recognized treatment for medication‐refractory dystonia. Problems in executive functions and social cognition can be part of dystonia phenotypes. The impact of pallidal DBS on cognition appears limited, but not all cognitive domains have been investigated yet. In the present study, we compare cognition before and after GPi DBS. Seventeen patients with dystonia of various aetiology completed pre‐ and post‐DBS assessment (mean age 51 years; range 20–70 years). Neuropsychological assessment covered intelligence, verbal memory, attention and processing speed, executive functioning, social cognition, language and a depression questionnaire. Pre‐DBS scores were compared with a healthy control group matched for age, gender and education, or with normative data. Patients were of average intelligence but performed significantly poorer than healthy peers on tests for planning and for information processing speed. Otherwise, they were cognitively unimpaired, including social cognition. DBS did not change the baseline neuropsychological scores. We confirmed previous reports of executive dysfunctions in adult dystonia patients with no significant influence of DBS on cognitive functioning in these patients. Pre‐DBS neuropsychological assessments appear useful as they support clinicians in counselling their patients. Decisions about post‐DBS neuropsychological evaluations should be made on a case‐by‐case basis.
Illegibly legible: Outcomes of a land records modernisation programme in South India
Authors: R Ramakumar , Ramesh Padmini
Published: June 2023

This article analyses an initiative in 2017 to update and digitise textual land records in Telangana, a south Indian state. Its premise is that experiments to modernise land records have not met with pre‐determined standards of success due, primarily, to the historically evolved contradictions around land as a resource and a commodity. In countries like India, the colonial policies on land and the post‐colonial success of landlords to manipulate land records had already left the post‐War task of ensuring conclusive land titles intractable. In more recent times, however, the agenda of land records modernisation has been absorbed by neoliberalism, which aims to create free land markets and replace traditional subsidies with direct cash transfers. This article shows that, consequently, the task of land records modernisation in Telangana became disembedded from agendas of agrarian egalitarianism and was rendered more complex—historical errors and exclusions were reproduced in new ways; technocratic solutions of the bureaucracy made governmental processes opaque; landed sections continued to subvert implementation; tenants were excluded from the land titles; and there were fears that the scheme would be misused to ease corporate land acquisition. Land records modernisation remains important for agrarian reform, but its success remains contingent on a greater appreciation among policymakers for the historical and political economy aspects of land ownership and possession.
Roles of bovine sialoglycoproteins for anti‐skin aging and accelerating skin wound healing
Authors: Wang Xilong , Yue Lixin , Zhang Fan , Bao Xiaojuan , Song Wanghua , Li Zheng
Published: June 2023

Background

Fibroblasts are the most predominant cell subpopulation in the dermal layer of human skin, they play an important role in maintaining skin architecture and function. The senescence of fibroblasts is one of major causes of skin aging and chronic wound in the elderly, which is accompanied with a reduction of α2,6‐sialylation on the cell surface.

Aims

In this study, we investigated the effects of the bovine sialoglycoproteins on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF).

Results

The results showed that bovine sialoglycoproteins could promote the proliferation and migration of NHDF cells, and accelerate the contraction of fibroblast‐populated collagen lattice (FPCL). The average doubling time of NHDF cells treated with bovine sialoglycoproteins (0.5 mg/mL) was 31.1 ± 1.0 h whereas that was 37.9 ± 2.7 h for the control (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) was upregulated, while that of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and human type I collagen (COL‐I) were downregulated in treated NHDF cells. Furthermore, bovine sialoglycoproteins treatment significantly enhanced the α2,6‐sialylation on the cell surfaces, which was consistent with the upregulation of α2,6‐sialyltransferase I (ST6GAL1) expression.

Conclusions

These results indicated that the bovine sialoglycoproteins might be developed as a reagent against skin aging in the cosmetic industry, or as a new candidate for accelerating skin wound healing and inhibiting scar formation.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Orthognathic Surgery patients: A systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Authors: Abdul Nishath Sayed , Minervini Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Background

Orthognathic surgery is done to treat a variety of dentofacial abnormalities, but a wide gap still remains on how it can result in temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). The primary goal of this review was to assess the effects of various orthognathic surgical techniques on the emergence or exacerbation of TMJ dysfunction.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across several databases using Boolean operators and MeSH keywords related to temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and orthognathic surgical interventions, with no limitation on the year of publication. Two independent reviewers screened the identified studies based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by a risk of bias assessment using a standardised tool.

Results

Five articles were considered for inclusion in this review. A greater number of females opted for surgical options than their male cohorts. Three studies were of prospective design, 1 of retrospective and 1 of observational type. Mobility on lateral excursion, tenderness on palpation, arthralgia and popping sounds were the TMD characteristics that showed significant differences. Overall, orthognathic surgical intervention did not show an increase in TMD signs and symptoms as compared to nonsurgical counterparts.

Conclusion

Though orthognathic surgery reported greater cases of some TMD symptoms and signs as compared to the nonsurgical cohorts in four studies, the conclusive evidence is debatable. Further studies are recommended with a longer follow‐up period and greater sample size to determine the impact of orthognathic surgery on TMJ.
Dermatophytosis and the associated risk factors among primary school children in southern and central Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Fulgence Kassi Kondo , Marie Kiki‐Barro Pulchérie Christiane , Akoua Valerie Bedia‐Tanoh , Massafoma Koné Estelle Gnanyo , Etienne Angora Kpongbo , Abibatou Konaté‐Touré , Henriette Vanga‐Bosson Abo , Sebastien Miezan Assohoun Jean , Vincent Djohan , William Yavo , Hervé Menan Eby Ignace
Published: June 2023

Background

Dermatophytosis, particularly the subtype tinea capitis, is common among African children; however, the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with tinea capitis and the prevalence rate of other dermatophytoses among primary school students in the rural and urban areas of the southern and central Côte d'Ivoire.

Patients and Methods

The study was carried out in seven towns of Côte d'Ivoire from October 2008 to July 2009, among 17,745 children aged 4–17 years and attending urban and rural primary schools; a complete physical examination of the skin and appendages, including nails and hair, was performed by the physicians. Direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide solution and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5 g/L chloramphenicol and 0.4 g/L actidione was performed during sampling.

Results

For the 17,745 children clinically examined, 2645 exhibited symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. Positive cultures for dermatophytes were found in 2635 patients, and the overall prevalence rate of tinea capitis was 14.8%. The following factors, age, sex, pets at home, number of bathing daily, sharing of sponges, combs and towels and hair length, were statistically associated with tinea capitis (p < .001). In addition to tinea capitis, other superficial fungal infections were identified among these children. These included tinea corporis (0.9%), tinea unguium (0.6%) and pityriasis versicolor (0.4%).

Conclusion

Tinea capitis is common among pupils in rural southern and central Côte d'Ivoire, especially in young boys.
Extending the elemental defence hypothesis in the light of plant chemodiversity
Authors: Putra Rocky , Müller Caroline
Published: June 2023

Some plant species tolerate and accumulate high levels of metals or metalloids in their tissues. The elemental defence hypothesis posits that metal(loid) hyperaccumulation by these plants can serve as protection against antagonists. Numerous studies support this hypothesis. In addition, as other plant species, hyperaccumulators synthesise specialised metabolites that can act as organic defences. In principle, the composition and concentration of plant‐specialised metabolites vary pronouncedly not only among species, but also within species and within individuals. This variation is called chemodiversity. Surprisingly, the role of chemodiversity has received little attention in elemental defence. Thus, we advocate that the concept of the elemental defence hypothesis should be extended and linked to the multifunctionality of plant chemodiversity to better understand the eco‐evolutionary dynamics and maintenance of metal(loid) hyperaccumulation. Comprehensive literature studies revealed that both metal(loid)s and specialised metabolites acting as defences are highly diverse in some hyperaccumulators and the biosynthetic pathways of these two types of defences are partly intertwined. Several edaphic‐, population‐, temporal‐ and spatial‐related factors were found to influence metal(loid) diversity, which should be considered in the elemental defence hypothesis. We thus present a novel synthesis and outlook to extend the elemental defence hypothesis in the light of chemodiversity.
Associations between body mass index and all‐cause mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wiebe Natasha , Lloyd Anita , Crumley Ellen T. , Tonelli Marcello
Published: June 2023

Fasting insulin and c‐reactive protein confound the association between mortality and body mass index. An increase in fat mass may mediate the associations between hyperinsulinemia, hyperinflammation, and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the “average” associations between body mass index and the risk of mortality and to explore how adjusting for fasting insulin and markers of inflammation might modify the association of BMI with mortality. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies published in 2020. Studies with adult participants where BMI and vital status was assessed were included. BMI was required to be categorized into groups or parametrized as non‐first order polynomials or splines. All‐cause mortality was regressed against mean BMI squared within seven broad clinical populations. Study was modeled as a random intercept. β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals are reported along with estimates of mortality risk by BMIs of 20, 30, and 40 kg/m2. Bubble plots with regression lines are drawn, showing the associations between mortality and BMI. Splines results were summarized. There were 154 included studies with 6,685,979 participants. Only five (3.2%) studies adjusted for a marker of inflammation, and no studies adjusted for fasting insulin. There were significant associations between higher BMIs and lower mortality risk in cardiovascular (unadjusted β −0.829 [95% CI −1.313, −0.345] and adjusted β −0.746 [95% CI −1.471, −0.021]), Covid‐19 (unadjusted β −0.333 [95% CI −0.650, −0.015]), critically ill (adjusted β −0.550 [95% CI −1.091, −0.010]), and surgical (unadjusted β −0.415 [95% CI −0.824, −0.006]) populations. The associations for general, cancer, and non‐communicable disease populations were not significant. Heterogeneity was very large (I2 ≥ 97%). The role of obesity as a driver of excess mortality should be critically re‐examined, in parallel with increased efforts to determine the harms of hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation.
Tear film dynamics of a new soft contact lens
Authors: Buch John , Riederer Donald , Scales Charles , Xu Jie
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To present the objective metrics from a study that evaluated the clinical performance of a senofilcon A contact lens, both with and without a new manufacturing technique.

Methods

This was a single‐site, five‐visit, controlled, randomised, subject‐masked, 2 × 2 crossover study (May–August 2021) with a 2‐week lens dispensing period (bilateral wear) and weekly follow‐up visits. Healthy adult (18–39 years), habitual spherical silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers were included. The High‐definition (HD) Analyzer™ was used to objectively measure the lens‐on‐eye optical system resulting from the study lenses at 1‐week follow‐up. Measurements assessed were vision break‐up time (VBUT), modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, Strehl ratio (SR), potential visual acuity (PVA) for 100% contrast and objective scatter index (OSI).

Results

Of the 50 enrolled participants, 47 (94.0%) were randomly assigned to one of the two possible lens wear sequences (test/control or control/test) and dispensed at least one study lens. The estimated odds ratio of VBUT > 10 s was 1.582 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009 to 2.482) in test versus control lens. The least squares mean difference estimates of MTF cutoff, SR and PVA for 100% contrast between test versus control lens were 2.243 (95% CI: 0.012 to 4.475), 0.011 (95% CI: −0.002 to 0.023) and 0.073 (95% CI: −0.001 to 0.147), respectively. The estimated ratio of median OSI between test versus control lens was 0.887 (95% CI: 0.727 to 1.081). The test lens demonstrated superiority over the control lens with respect to VBUT and MTF cutoff. No serious adverse events were reported; eight adverse events (three ocular, five non‐ocular) were indicated by six participants during the study.

Conclusion

The test lens demonstrated an increased probability of having a longer VBUT (>10 s). Future studies may be designed to assess the efficacy and long‐term use of the test lens in a larger population.
The power of three: Atrial rate limit power‐on‐reset — A non‐electromagnetic cause of pacemaker‐induced extracardiac stimulation
Authors: Torbey Estelle , Sharma Esseim , Betzold Robert , Mehta Chirag , Vogt Braden , Chu Antony
Published: June 2023

Background

Power‐on reset (PoR) is most commonly due to electromagnetic interference. Full PoR results in a switch to an inhibited mode (VVI) pacing and resets pacing outputs to maximal unipolar settings, leading to extracardiac stimulation.

Methods

We present a case of PoR occurrence in the absence of electromagnetic interference, resulting in pectoral stimulation triggered by violation of the atrial rate limit.

Conclusions

It is useful for clinicians to recognizethe occurrence of PoR in the setting of atrial limit violation andthe appropriate management in such circumstances.
A novel pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptoms and Adaptive Behavior Scale for different ages: GaziESAS v2.0
Authors: Yapar Dilek , Karagol Hacer Ilbilge Ertoy , Terece Sinem Polat , Duztas Demet Teker , Gurkan Odul Egritas , Sari Sinan , Dalgic Buket , Bakirtas Arzu
Published: June 2023

Background

High‐quality scales (HQS) suitable that measure symptoms and adaptive behaviors (AB) with proven validity and reliability are needed for different age groups of children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Objective

To develop a high‐quality pediatric EoE symptoms and AB scale for different age groups.

Methods

Children (7–11 years), teens (12–18 years), and parents of 2–18‐year‐old children with EoE were included. A HQS should have encompassed: the identification of domain and item generation; content validity (CnV) and field test for construct validity (CsV) and reliability. Convergent validity (CgV) was examined for CsV. Correlations between the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score, version 2.0 (PEESS v2.0) and Gazi University Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptoms and Adaptive Behavior Scale (GaziESAS) version 2.0 (v2.0) were examined for CgV. Reliability was determined through internal consistency (Cronbach‐α) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: ICC).

Results

Nineteen children, 42 teens, and 82 parents completed the study. GaziESAS v2.0 was composed of 20 items with two main domains: symptoms (subdomains: dysphagia and nondysphagia) and AB. CnV indexes were excellent for all items. The CgV varied from good to excellent correlation (r = 0.6 to r = 0.9). GaziESAS v2.0 showed good reliability (Cronbach‐α >0.7 and ICC >0.6).

Conclusion

GaziESAS v2.0 is the first pediatric HQS that measures the frequency of symptoms and AB in EoE within the last month with separate forms for children, teens, and parents.
Intergenerational and transgenerational effects of drought stress on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kambona Carolyn Mukiri , Koua Patrice Ahossi , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim
Published: June 2023

The environments where the progenitors are grown have the potential to affect the expression of traits in their offspring. Currently, there are various hypotheses regarding the evolutionary and ecological importance of stress memory effects. There is uncertainty regarding its occurrence, persistence, predictability, and adaptive value. In this study, 15 winter wheat cultivars were grown under drought and well‐watered (control) treatments for two seasons to produce seeds with all possible combinations of drought exposure histories. A comprehensive analysis to estimate transgenerational (grandparental effects), intergenerational (parental effects), and their combined memory effects on offspring traits under both control and drought moisture treatments, was performed. There were significant memory effects in most of the evaluated traits ranging from +787% to −39.0% changes in both seed quality and plant traits. The expression of stress memory was highly dependent on the generation and number of exposures, traits, and seasons. Under drought treatment, the combination of grandparental and parental stress memories was additive in all traits, but their strengths were variable when considered separately. Stress memory enhanced the performance of offspring under similar stressful conditions: increased plant height, above‐ground biomass, number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant and water potential. This study offers valuable new insights into the occurrence of drought stress memory, the complexities of the effects, possible physiological and metabolic alterations explaining the detected differences, and impacts toward a clearer understanding of their generation and context‐dependency.
Fire‐mediated tree cavity reduction needs to be considered in reintroduction strategies for a critically endangered bird
Authors: Stojanovic Dejan , Gibbons Philip , Young Catherine M. , Owens Giselle
Published: June 2023

Fire is an important agent of tree cavity creation and loss in some forest ecosystems. Even though cavity‐bearing trees may be replaced over decades post fire, cavity‐nesting animals depend on uninterrupted access to suitable nesting sites. Balancing the impacts of fire on the availability and recruitment of suitable tree cavities for wildlife is important. We studied fire effects on trees with suitable nests for Critically Endangered Orange‐bellied Parrots Neophema chrysogaster to evaluate how to optimize suitable cavity availability both now and into the future. We used field surveys to quantify the age‐class distribution of trees across the species' historical range, and climbed them to reveal that only 16% of Smithton peppermints Eucalyptus nitida supported a potentially suitable nest cavity. We incorporated this information into a simulation that explored the impacts of fire on the occurrence of nest trees over a century under different fire regimes. We predicted that more frequent and severe fires resulted in lower probabilities of persistence of nesting sites for Orange‐bellied Parrots. Management of the foraging habitat of Orange‐bellied Parrots requires regular burning of moorlands adjacent to the forests where they nest. Our simulations show that preventing regular burning of these forests is important to maximize the probability of persistence of nesting habitat for Orange‐bellied Parrots. We show that by incorporating field data on the true availability of habitat, it is possible to simulate the uncertain impacts of fire on future perpetuation of suitable nesting cavities for wildlife.