bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity for agriculture: the role of integrated farm management in supporting agricultural production through biodiversity
Authors:   James Hutton Institute, Squire G. R. , Hawes C. ,   James Hutton Institute
Published: November 2024

Agricultural holdings vary widely in size, management and produce, but all rely on biodiversity to mediate the ecological processes that determine economic output and sustainability. Extractive agriculture has degraded farms globally, but regeneration can be achieved by encouraging living organisms to re-build ecosystem stores (such as soil organic matter), regulate nutrient cycles and reduce wastage. This chapter examines the principles by which integrated farm management acts to use and cycle energy and matter over time and between different farming activities. Management interventions (e.g., agronomy, choice of crop) act to regulate channels for the flow of energy and matter in a ‘chain of effect’ through living organisms and ecological processes to achieve high-level goals such as ecosystem services. Safe limits or ranges are defined in which each population or process can operate sustainably. Lessons from historical and current integrated practice are combined with international guidelines into a methodology for integrated management.
Lessons from reforestation of agricultural landscapes in South-Eastern Australia
Authors:   Australian National University (ANU), Lindenmayer David , Smith David ,   The Australian National University,, Florance Daniel ,   The Australian National University,, Crane Clare ,   The Australian National University,, Lang Eleanor ,   The Australian National University,, Siegrist Angelina ,   The Australian National University,, Young Michelle ,   The Australian National University,, Scheele Ben C. ,   The Australian National University,
Published: November 2024

Extensive areas spanning billions of hectares within the world’s arable landscapes are heavily degraded, have suffered losses of biodiversity, and require major restoration efforts. Indeed, the United Nations declared 2021-2030 to be the decade of restoration. The restoration challenges facing south-eastern Australia’s woodlands are not dissimilar to challenges which characterize many agricultural landscapes internationally, and thus form the basis of the case study featured in this chapter, incorporating research conducted since 1998. A key insight from our work is that factors operating at multiple scales are critical for informing effective restoration to maximize landscape-scale biodiversity values. We present a restoration hierarchy to highlight how factors ranging from the individual tree level to farm- and landscape- scales need to be considered in restoration efforts, then outline some key lessons from our research for effective translation into on-ground action.
Biodiversity and agricultural landscapes: where are the gaps?
Authors:   University of New England, Reid Nick C. H. , Paton David C. ,   University of Adelaide
Published: November 2024

This chapter reviews current bottom-up and top-down approaches to achieving this ambitious goal. As it points out, agricultural regions where wild nature is now closer to 1% than 30% by area are unlikely to retain some or perhaps most native species using bottom-up biodiversity-friendly farm management approaches, valuable as these are. The solution in such regions is the restoration of large areas of farmland, perhaps whole farms and clusters of farms, to habitats managed for native biodiversity. This chapter highlights how this might be achieved through a case study based on the Mount Lofty region of South Australia. It also discusses ongoing challenges in meeting this goal by assessing the impact of over-extraction of water on the ecological health of the Murray–Darling Basin in south-eastern Australia and the effectiveness of attempts to address this problem.
Empresas de Base Tecnológica (EBTs) em parques tecnológicos paulistas
Authors: Melo Rodrigo Santos de , Farina Milton Carlos , Buarque Brenno , Câmara Samuel Façanha
Published: November 2024

A pesquisa possui como objetivo analisar a relação entre os construtos orquestração, ambidestria e capacidades absortivas no desempenho de empresas de bases tecnológicas participantes de parques tecnológicos paulistas. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram aplicados 79 questionários com empresas de nove parques tecnológicos paulistas em atividade. A análise de resultados foi realizada através da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais Partial Least Squares (MEEPLS). Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram para uma relação substancial entre as capacidades de absorção e entre o desempenho organizacional, através da aplicação de estratégias tanto de inovação exploitation quanto de inovação exploration, sob o contexto da capacidade de orquestração de empresas EBTs. Assim, o artigo contribui para o desenvolvimento de um framework e para o preenchimento de uma lacuna teórica sobre os estudos que tratam de orquestração de redes e de ambidestria organizacional no desempenho de EBTs, ao propor um framework que contribui com a prática da inovação nessas empresas. O framework proposto pode ser utilizado por gestores de parques tecnológicos e por gestores de EBTs que participam de redes de cooperação.
Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Yesterday and Today
Authors: Kurmanguzhin R.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of diplomacy of the first head of Kazakhstan N.A.Nazarbayev and the current President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K.-J.K. Tokayev on the example of the development of cooperation between Kazakhstan and key actors of the modern system of international relations and partners in the Central Asian region. The continuity of the foreign policy course of the republic aimed at the formation of favorable conditions for ensuring sustainable political and economic development of the state is noted. The preservation of the main principle of the country’s foreign policy is emphasized – multi-vector, thanks to which the progressive cooperation of the republic with almost all countries of the world is ensured. It is stated that this multi-vector policy has become a visiting card of the diplomacy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in recent years. The identified differences in the diplomacy of the two presidents make it possible to identify issues that require a certain assessment and, equally important, to make appropriate point changes.
Belarus: Activities of the Political Opposition
Authors: Astakhova S.
Published: November 2024

The next presidential elections will be held in Belarus in 2025. The very fact of their holding mobilizes the ranks of the Belarusian opposition, whose activities are aimed at replacing the existing political regime in the republic. Representatives of the opposition do not hide their desire to carry out an armed coup in the Republic of Belarus, aimed at severing ties with Russia and destroying the Union State. Currently, the issue of forming a consolidated strategy of opposition forces is being raised among Belarusian political emigrants.
The Armenian Apostolic Church and the Velvet Revolution of 2018
Authors: Krylov A.
Published: November 2024

Since the Republic of Armenia declared independence in 1991, the Armenian Apostolic Church (AAC) has been a fundamental part of the state apparatus, playing a significant role in societal life and influencing both domestic politics and international relations. However, the Velvet Revolution of 2018 brought about a sharp conflict between the civil and ecclesiastical authorities. This conflict is both ideological and cultural in nature. The current Armenian government seeks closer integration with the West, promoting the adoption of “universal values of Western civilization.” This shift aims to transform Armenian society into a community of individuals (“proud citizens of Armenia”) with expanded freedom of expression, including religious equality and the acceptance of various faiths and practices. Such changes threaten to diminish the AAC’s historically pivotal role in the life of the Armenian nation. The AAC, like other traditional churches, advocates for the preservation of traditional values. The future of the Armenian nation will be shaped by global transformations as well as the ongoing domestic political developments, particularly the population’s reception of “universal Western values” versus a path rooted in Armenia’s own cultural and historical legacy.
Adaptive AI-Driven Toll Management: Enhancing Traffic Flow and Sustainability through Real-Time Prediction, Allocation, and Task Optimization
Authors: Pandey Satendra Ch , P Vasanthi Kumari Kumari
Published: November 2024

Efficient toll processing is essential for reducing traffic congestion and enhancing transportation network operations at toll stations. This study examines the Neelamangala Toll Plaza on India's National Highway 48, focusing on the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize toll processing. A detailed work following with case study of the Neelamangala Toll Plaza was conducted, with machine learning algorithms utilized to analyze data and predict traffic patterns as vehicles approached the toll station. The system integrated AI models—specifically, a Supervised Learning (SL) time series model for traffic prediction and Reinforcement Learning (RL) based on a Markov Decision Process (MDP)—alongside a randomized algorithm to dynamically adjust to real-time traffic conditions. The randomized algorithm facilitated equitable task distribution, preventing system overload during peak hours. System performance was assessed using key metrics: Average Processing Time (APT), Queue Length Reduction (QLR), and Throughput (TP), which measured the system’s ability to manage high traffic volumes and mitigate congestion. The AI-powered model demonstrated significant improvements in processing times, queue length reduction, and overall vehicle flow, outperforming traditional methods in both speed and scalability. AI-driven toll management techniques reduce processing times by approximately 35%, decrease queue lengths by 28%, and increase throughput by 40% compared to traditional toll processing systems. These findings suggest a robust, adaptive solution for modern toll systems, with broader implications for efficient and sustainable transportation infrastructure
Monitoring the Evolution of Green Spaces Under Urban Expansion of Senegalese Cities: The Case of Dakar
Authors: Cissé Mariama , Morenikeji Oluwole , Mertens Elke , Fall Awa Niang , Okhimamhe Appollonia Aimiosino
Published: November 2024

Senegalese cities have experienced rapid urbanisation, leading to profound landscape changes. Dakar, one of the cities with the fastest urban expansion, has seen major negative impacts on the availability and quality of its green spaces. This study examines the spatio-temporal evolution of Dakar’s green spaces over recent decades. Using satellite imagery, this study produces land use maps to quantify green space coverage. The results show a gradual decline in green spaces in Dakar between 1990 and 2022. 1990 green spaces covered an estimated 13.36 % of Dakar’s area, which decreased significantly to 9.54 % by 2022. Meanwhile, other land uses, such as built-up areas, increased significantly during this period, from 19.23 % in 1990 to 39.34 % in 2022. This pattern highlights the growing challenge of green space availability as built-up areas expand rapidly, particularly when growth is unplanned. This study underscores the importance of sustainable urban planning that integrates the protection and conservation of Dakar’s vegetation to preserve vital ecosystem services.
AI-Driven Real-Time Monitoring of Ground-Nesting Birds: A Case Study on Curlew Detection Using YOLOv10
Authors: Chalmers Carl , Fergus Paul , Wich Serge , Longmore Steven N , Walsh Naomi Davies , Oliver Lee , Warrington James , Quinlan Julieanne , Appleby Katie
Published: November 2024

Effective monitoring of wildlife is critical for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem health, as declines in key species often signal significant environmental changes. Birds, particularly ground-nesting species, serve as important ecological indicators due to their sensitivity to environmental pressures. Camera traps have become indispensable tools for monitoring nesting bird populations, enabling data collection across diverse habitats. However, the manual processing and analysis of such data are resource-intensive, often delaying the delivery of actionable conservation insights. This study presents an AI-driven approach for real-time species detection, focusing on the curlew (Numenius arquata), a ground-nesting bird experiencing significant population declines. A custom-trained YOLOv10 model was developed to detect and classify curlews and their chicks using 3/4G-enabled cameras linked to the Conservation AI platform. The system processes camera trap data in real-time, significantly enhancing monitoring efficiency. Across 11 nesting sites in Wales, the model achieved high performance, with a sensitivity of 90.56%, specificity of 100%, and F1-score of 95.05% for curlew detections, and a sensitivity of 92.35%, specificity of 100%, and F1-score of 96.03% for curlew chick detections. These results demonstrate the capability of AI-driven monitoring systems to deliver accurate, timely data for biodiversity assessments, facilitating early conservation interventions and advancing the use of technology in ecological research.
Advanced Data Framework for Sleep Medicine Applications: Machine Learning-Based Detection of Sleep Apnea Events
Authors: Zovko Kristina , Sadowski Yann , Perković Toni , Šolić Petar , Pavlinac Dodig Ivana , Pecotic Renata , Đogaš Zoran
Published: November 2024

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition that disrupts sleep quality and contributes to significant health risks, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic methods. This study introduces a machine learning-based framework aimed at detecting and predicting apnea events through analysis of polysomnographic (PSG) and oximetry data. The core component is a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, which is particularly suited to processing sequential time-series data, capturing complex temporal relationships within physiological signals such as oxygen saturation, heart rate, and airflow. Through extensive feature engineering and preprocessing, the framework optimizes data representation by normalizing, scaling, and encoding input features to enhance computational efficiency and model performance. Key results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 79%, precision of 68%, and recall of 76% on the test dataset, with validation set metrics similarly high, supporting the model’s ability to generalize effectively. Comprehensive hyperparameter tuning further contributed to a stable, robust architecture capable of accurately identifying apnea events, providing clinicians with a valuable tool for early detection and tailored management of OSA. This data-driven framework offers an efficient, reliable solution for OSA diagnostics, with the potential to improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Synthesis and Pharmacology of Clinical Drugs Containing Isoindoline Heterocycle Core
Authors: Jha Mukund , Youssef Dani , Sheehy Haley , Jha Amitabh
Published: November 2024

Heterocyclic compounds are cornerstone for active pharmaceutical ingredients. Among heterocycles, isoindoline core occupies special place as ten commercial bioactive compounds/drugs contain this skeleton decorated with several functional groups required for optimal receptor binding. These drugs are employed for indications such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, inflammation, hypertension, edema, obesity, and insect control. This review presents pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and chemical syntheses of these commercial bioactive molecules/drugs.
Evaluation of Osseointegration Levels of Different Surface Feature Titanium Implants Installed Simultaneously with Graft: An Animal Study
Authors: ACIKAN Izzet , Dündar Serkan , Sagsoz Aslı , Demir Serbest , Bingul Muhammet bahattin
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aims to assess the bone implant osseointegration after the healing process of machined, reabsorbable blast material (RBM) and sandblasted and large acid grid (SLA) surface titanium implants placed simultaneously using graft material in rat tibias. Materials and Methods: The study involved 30 Sprague Dawley rats that were divided into three groups: machined surfaced (MS) (n = 10), resorbable blast material (RBM) (n = 10), and sandblasted and large acid grid (SLA) surfaced (n = 10). The titanium implants were inserted into the bone sockets along with the graft, and the rats were euthanized after a 4-week experimental period. The implants and the bone tissue surrounding them were extracted for reverse torque analysis (Newton’s). Results: The biomechanical bone implant contact rate was greater in SLA-surfaced implants than in RBM and machined surface implants (P<0.05). Conclusions: The application of graft material may be more effective in implants with SLA and RBM surfaces when used locally, as per the biomechanical parameters.
Fish hematology in Brazil: A review
Authors: Ranzani-Paiva Maria José Tavares , Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: November 2024

This article reviews data of Brazilian manuscripts on fish hematology in their natural environment (rivers, dams, lakes, and sea) and captivity, their relationship with parasitism, temperature, stress, nutrition, and water quality. A total of 205 articles were researched, of which 17 were published before the year 2000. Fish hematology has always been less studied than other classes of vertebrates, but blood analysis can provide information about disease processes in these animals. Although the robust interpretation of fish blood parameters is often hampered by the lack of reference values, this knowledge deficit represents an opportunity to expand clinical hematology studies across fish species. Fish hematologists are encouraged to obtain samples whenever possible as they may benefit individual animals or populations, contributing to the establishment of baseline data for many species not yet studied. Efforts are necessary to advance in this field of study clarifying some important points such as the function of each leukocyte and relating plasma changes to the species physiology.
Successful Management of Open Calcaneum Fractures With Composite Bone and Soft Tissue Loss
Authors: Dheenadhayalan J. , Agraharam Devendra , Chandramohan Arunkamal , Venkatramani Hari , Rajasabapathy S. , Rajasekaran S.
Published: November 2024

Case:

We report three male patients, ages 20, 22, and 54 years, who sustained open calcaneus fractures following a road traffic accident with a major composite bone and soft tissue loss salvaged successfully, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Wound debridement and an ankle-spanning external fixator were initially applied, followed by a free microvascular flap cover. After the flap healed, the ankle joint was fused and spanned with bridge plating. All 3 cases achieved fusion with foot plantigrade with a mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score of 76.

Conclusion:

A combined orthoplastic approach in 3 stages is a good salvage option in complex calcaneal fractures.
NEOTAPHONOMIC SURVEY OF SMALL TAR SEEPS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Authors: George Jessie , Macdonald Glen M.
Published: November 2024

California’s La Brea Tar Pits is one of the richest Ice Age fossil localities in the world and offers unmatched potential for reconstructing environmental conditions and ecological relationships in the Late Pleistocene. Plant macrofossils are abundant at the site, but their accurate interpretation requires a better understanding of the processes behind their deposition in hydrocarbon seeps and potential spatial resolution, a topic not yet addressed in asphalt pit related research. In this study we monitor temperature, phenology, and seep activity of two hydrocarbon seeps in southern California over the span of a year. For each seep we surveyed surrounding vegetation within 10 meters and sampled seep surfaces for analysis of trapped plant material. We find hydrocarbon seeps to be highly localized with 77–91% of plant material originating from species found within five meters of the seep. Temperature and time-lapse imagery indicate a greater likelihood of transportation of plant material by wind or animal than by water in these particular seeps. Animal transport through fecal matter or entrapment was the most likely candidate for the species Sambucus mexicana to be transported outside the immediate vicinity of the monitored seeps. Variation in observed viscosity of liquid asphalt correlated with seasonal temperature changes, with higher temperatures coinciding with decreased viscosity and increased seep flow. We find observations of seasonal seep flow connected to a warm season bias of plant material, making phenology an important consideration in the interpretation of plant presence and absence in asphaltic fossil contexts.
FOSSILIZATION OF WELL-PRESERVED DEEP-SEA LANTERNFISH: A CASE STUDY FROM THE MIOCENE MOROZAKI GROUP, CHITA PENINSULA, SOUTHWEST JAPAN
Authors: Katada Haruka , Yoshida Hidekazu , Oji Tatsuo , Asahara Yoshihiro , Minami Masayo , Kouketsu Yui
Published: November 2024

Several biological and chemical changes occur during fossilization of organisms. However, the nature and mechanism of fossilization are not yet completely understood. In this study we investigated the changes in chemical composition during fossilization of lanternfish from the lower Miocene Yamami Formation, Chita Peninsula, Japan compared to modern/living lanternfish. This comprised chemical mapping using X-ray microscopic analysis, mineral identification using Raman spectroscopy, and chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Carbon and nitrogen were lost significantly during fossilization, whereas slight changes were observed in phosphorus and calcium concentrations, which are major elements of hard tissues. Iron and sulfur concentrations are high in fossil fish compared to modern/living fish due to pyrite formation during fossilization. In agreement with earlier studies, we conclude that in-situ pyrite formation mediated by sulfur-reducing bacteria played an important role in the preservation of soft tissue textures in the Yamami Formation. This includes the preservation in the fossils of delicate organs, such as eyes in the Yamami lanternfish. The oxidation of pyrite is also important for fossil preservation because of the low solubility of iron oxides.
Women who remain unmarried after their thirties in India
Authors: Pautunthang N.
Published: November 2024

This study analyses the dynamics of never-married women aged 30 years and above in India over three periods: 2005-06, 2015-16 and 2019-21 based on different socio-demographic dimensions. It analyses never-married women in India and uses data from three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The analysis examines different variables of interest such as rural-urban differences, educational attainment, types of occupation and wealth index followed by religion and caste. The results are nuanced and capture the intricacies of broad national trends and regional dynamics. Of course, such an overarching trend masks wide regional variation. On one hand, it is the states like Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim etc., where there has been prevalence of this trend showing an upward trend that marriage patterns are on change. On the other hand, states like Haryana and Bihar are showing a steady decrease which speaks about the effect of regional cultural dynamics. Moreover, the fluctuations in states like Meghalaya, and Assam reaffirm how multi-parameter is determining marital choices. The binary logistic regression used in the study analyses the effect of place of residence, education, occupation, wealth index, religion and caste on women’s chances to remain unmarried. The regression analysis demonstrates the distinct influences of these factors on marital status and yet they still only tell part of the story about an understudied subgroup, never-married women.
A model for placing electric vehicle charging stations in megapolis based on the sparrow search algorithm
Authors: Du Sizhuo , Kapski D. V.
Published: November 2024

Electric vehicles have such characteristics as low energy consumption and low noise level, and therefore are widely used in modern society, especially for movement in cities and megacities. Active use of electric vehicles (passenger cars and rail and trackless passenger transport) in cities and especially in megalopolises reduces the harmful impact on the ecosystem of the settlement and improves the quality of life in general. Movements become less environmentally hazardous and help to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere in places of residence and activities of city residents and tourists. The use of electric vehicles requires their integration with charging stations, and the choice of a reasonable location for the placement of charging stations, which can support the operation of electric vehicles in the largest and large cities, and especially in megalopolises. Based on this, this article examines the problem of placing charging stations for urban electric vehicles. First, the main factors of placing electric vehicle charging stations are analyzed from different points of view, a multi-purpose model for choosing the address of the charging station is built, an algorithmic model is proposed to improve the sparrow search algorithm as the basis for a specific solution method, and finally, the effect of applying the model and solution method is verified by analyzing examples. From the verification results, it can be seen that compared with the traditional genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and other address selection methods, the algorithm proposed in this paper is more optimized, which helps to improve the validity of choosing the address of the electric vehicle charging station and can be widely distributed.
Optimization of competitive selection models of applicants
Authors: Kisel T. V.
Published: November 2024

The subject of research is the use of blockchain technology in IT medicine. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of blockchain technology in IT medicine, analyze its use in the world, and propose models: the directions of blockchain in medicine and electronic marketing. The main directions of using blockchain technology in medicine are considered, the application and prospects of using blockchain in medical institutions of Russia and developed countries of the world are determined. The analysis of various projects is carried out. Blockchain technologies allow you to transfer work to a digital medium, digitize all data and work with all documents within a large global information system. Advantages: decentralization, personal ownership of medical data, accessibility and reliability, transparency and trust, verifi of data. A model of information management in IT medicine using blockchain has been developed, including the management of electronic medical records; drug supply chain management and anti-counterfeiting; analysis of medical data; conducting clinical and biomedical research; remote monitoring of patients. The structure of Internet marketing has been developed on the basis of a distributed system using a portal of subsystems for the supply and distribution of medicines to meet the needs of patients for various medical institutions of the Republic of Belarus, with the support of intelligent agents and blockchain technologies.
Plan de marketing para la implementación de una sanguchería de comida saludable en Lima metropolitana
Authors:   , Julca Huerta Lizeth Rizoleta , Frias Morla Daniela Lucia , Diaz Flores Jesus Andres , Narrea Garcia Jorge Armando , Huamani Baldeon Jackeline Angela
Published: November 2024

El propósito fundamental de esta investigación es implementar un plan estratégico de marketing para lograr con éxito la apertura de una sanguchería especializada en comida saludable en el área metropolitana de Lima. El plan se basará en un estudio exhaustivo de las tendencias y requisitos del mercado, tal cual como en la identificación de las preferencias de los consumidores. Además, se llevarán a cabo acciones necesarias para poder distribuir eficientemente los productos para promocionarlos de manera efectiva. Para lograr este objetivo, se buscará establecer alianzas estratégicas con proveedores de alimentos saludables para poder implementar acciones de marketing con el objetivo de incrementar la visibilidad y atraer a los clientes potenciales. El enfoque final es posicionar la sanguchería como una opción atractiva y saludable en el mercado de alimentos de consumo rápido en Lima. El mercado de comida rápida en Lima ha comprobado un incremento notable en los últimos años. No obstante, se ha identificado una oportunidad para establecer una sanguchería especializada en comida saludable, dado que la oferta de opciones saludables es limitada en el mercado actual. El objetivo es satisfacer la demanda de aquellos que buscan opciones rápidas y saludables durante sus jornadas laborales, así como de los amantes de la comida saludable que desean explorar nuevas alternativas gastronómicas. Para destacarse de la competencia, la sanguchería se enfocará en garantizar la alta calidad de sus ingredientes, para poder ofrecer una amplia variedad de opciones. Se utilizarán ingredientes frescos y locales para asegurar la frescura, siendo un sabor auténtico en cada sanguche. Además, se adaptarán a las necesidades de aquellos que siguen una dieta específica al ofrecer opciones vegetarianas y veganas. La estrategia de comunicación se basará en la implementación de campañas publicitarias en plataformas de redes sociales...
An Automatic Recognition of Indian Dish and Allergen Prediction Using DeepLearning
Authors: Kadam Viren , Thengade Anita , Pambhar Keval , Bachal Tarush , Agarwal Mihir
Published: November 2024

The research addresses the issue of image variability in practical settings by introducing a deep learning-based system for allergy prediction and Indian dish recognition. Food plays a big part in supporting a healthy lifestyle, which is becoming more and more popular globally. Recognizing the different types of food and the allergies that are in it is crucial. With the help of convolutional neural networks and visual transformers, the model can predict possible allergies and identify foods with accuracy, which is important for managing diet and raising awareness of allergens. Its uses are extensive in the food service, medical, and nutrition domains, providing workable answers for safer and better-informed nutritional selections in Indian food. Extensive analysis validates the model's effectiveness and potential influence on many sectors. In this study, various CNN architectures, including ResNet50, VGG16, VGG19, and a custom CNN, were employed for Indian Dish Recognition and Allergy Prediction. To enhance model accuracy, techniques such as image augmentation were integrated. While certain models showed promising results, reaching a maximum accuracy of 81%, others did not meet the desired expectations. To improve performance, Vision Transformers (ViTs) were employed, resulting in a remarkable accuracy of 92%.
Selective Inhibition of HSF1 Expression in the Heat Shock Pathway of Keloid Fibroblasts Reduces Excessive Fibrosis in Keloid
Authors: Li Chenyu , Xie Ruxin , Zhang Shiwei , Yun Jiao , Zhao Tian , Zhong Ai , Zhang Jinjue , Chen Junjie
Published: November 2024

Background
The stress response following burns may be a crucial factor in keloid formation, yet the underlying pathological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study initially investigated how HSF1 and HSPs within the heat shock pathway influence keloid fibrosis, shedding light on the heat shock response's role in keloid development.
Objective
To further elucidate the role of the heat shock pathway in keloid fibrosis and explore the position of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) within the heat shock pathway of keloid.
Methods
This study focused on human keloid fibroblasts, examining the expression and regulatory role of HSF1 on heat shock proteins (HSPs) under heat stress using immunohistochemistry, RNA interference, real-time fluorescent PCR, and Western blotting techniques;
Results
HSF1 was overexpressed in keloid fibroblasts and tissues compared to normal skin, and heat stress could further enhance HSF1 expression in both keloid tissues and fibrobalsts. Functional inhibition of HSF1 significantly affected the expression of downstream HSPs in keloid fibroblasts, ultimately leading to the inhibition of keloid fibrosis.
Conclusion
The heat shock pathway plays a crucial role in keloid fibrosis, with HSF1 as a key regulator influencing HSPs expression. Heat stress treatment of keloid fibroblasts offers a approach for investigating keloid formation.
Protodioscin exerts antagonistic analgesic and antidiarrheal properties through the cyclooxygenase and µ-opioid receptor interaction pathways
Authors: Hasan Md. Sakib Al , Chowdhury Raihan , Ghosh Pompa Rani , Yadav Balkrishnan , Mia Emon , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Islam Md. Tanvir , Hasan Md. Rakibul , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Rouf Razina , Islam Muhammad Torequl
Published: November 2024

Protodioscin (PRO), a natural steroidal saponin, shows potential for treating pain and diarrhea due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The study aims to investigate the analgesic and antidiarrheal effects of PRO, comparing its efficacy with diclofenac sodium (DFS) and loperamide (LOP), using in vivo and in silico methods. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, and antidiarrheal effects were assessed via castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Mice were divided into groups receiving PRO (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.), DFS (25 mg/kg, p.o.), LOP (3 mg/kg, p.o.), or combinations. Molecular docking studies were conducted on COX-1, COX-2 enzymes, and the Mu-opioid receptor (MOR), with toxicity predictions performed for safety profiling. In vivo results demonstrated that PRO significantly reduced pain and diarrhea in a dose-dependent manner. PRO at 10 mg/kg, p.o. showed comparable efficacy to DFS (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and LOP (3 mg/kg, p.o.) in both models. Molecular docking revealed that PRO had stronger binding affinities with COX-1 (‒10.0 kcal/mol), COX-2 (‒9.6 kcal/mol) enzymes and MOR (‒7.7 kcal/mol) compared to standard drugs. Toxicity predictions indicated moderate toxicity for PRO, similar to DFS. PRO exhibits significant analgesic and antidiarrheal activities comparable to DFS and LOP, making it a promising natural alternative for managing pain and diarrhea. Further clinical trials and pharmacokinetics profile are to examine needed to use it long-term with safety.
Comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and multiple cancers
Authors: Liang Hengchang , Tang Chunling , Sun Yue , Wang Mingwei , Tong Tong , Gao Qinquan , Xie Hui , Tan Tao
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and five cancers (breast, cervical, thyroid, prostate and colorectal) using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method, with a view to revealing the potential role of LDL-C in the development of these cancers.
Methods:We used gene variant data and disease data from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) database to assess the causal relationship between LDL-C and each cancer by Mendelian randomisation analysis methods such as inverse variance weighting and MR-Egger. Specifically, we selected Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9(PCSK9) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMGCR), genes associated with LDL-C levels, as instrumental variables, extracted the corresponding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and analysed the associations of these SNPs with five cancers.In addition, sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity tests were performed to ensure the reliability of the results
Results: The analyses showed that when using HMGCR gene,LDL-C were significantly and positively associated with breast (OR:1.200, 95% CI:1.082-1.329, p=0.001), prostate (OR:1.198, 95% CI:1.050-1.366, p=0.007), and thyroid cancers (OR:8.291, 95% CI:3.189- 21.555, p=0.00001) were significantly positively correlated, whereas they were significantly negatively correlated with colorectal cancer (OR:0.641, 95% CI:0.442-0.928, p=0.019); the results for cervical cancer were not significant (p=0.050). When using the PCSK9 gene, LDL-C levels were significantly and positively associated with breast (OR:1.107, 95%:CI 1.031-1.187, p=0.005) and prostate (OR:1.219, 95%:CI 1.101-1.349, p=0.0001) cancers, but not with cervical (p=0.294), thyroid cancer (p=0.759) and colorectal cancer ( p=0.572).
Conclusion: Analyses using both the HMGCR and PCSK9 genes have shown that LDL-C may be a potential risk factor for breast and prostate cancer, while analyses of the HMGCR gene have also suggested that LDL-C may increase the risk of thyroid cancer and decrease the risk of colorectal cancer.
An unsupervised change detection approach based on pseudo-labeling and spectral index time series
Authors: Chaves Fellipe Mira , Negri Rogério Galante , Alves Larissa Mioni Vieira
Published: November 2024

Accurate detection of land-cover changes is crucial for environmental conservation and sustainable land management. This study proposes a fully unsupervised change detection model based on pseudo-labels, applied to multitemporal satellite imagery. The model was tested in two regions of the Brazilian Amazon, one predominantly forested area with minimal agricultural activity, and another with extensive agricultural practices and dynamic land-use changes.Using spectral indices and an optimized thresholding process,the model's performance was compared to the Wavelet Energy Correlation Screening (WECS) method.The proposed model significantly outperformed WECS in both areas. The results demonstrate the model's robustness and adaptability, achieving accuracy values of up to 80% across various environmental contexts. This makes it an effective tool for monitoring land-cover changes in the Amazon.
The knockout of ClaCSLH1 induced dwarfing in watermelon
Authors: Bao Jiancheng , Shi Jiale , Qin Yuanyuan , Hua Shengqi , Wu Yanhong , Yang Congji , Gu Yige , dong wei
Published: November 2024

In agriculture and horticulture, selecting ideal plant types with desirable traits, such as dwarfing and upright stem structures, significantly enhances crop yield and quality by optimizing light absorption, spatial efficiency, and nutrient utilization. Developing new varieties of dwarf watermelon is a crucial objective in watermelon breeding. In this study, we constructed an F2 generation population by using the wild type V063 as the paternal parent and the dwarf variety dw-n as the maternal parent. The dwarfing trait was found to be recessive, governed by a pair of recessive alleles. Through Bulk Segregant Analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified the gene Cla97C02G035450, which encodes for cellulose synthase-like H1 (CSLH1), as a candidate gene associated with the dwarfing phenotype. ClaCLSH1 belongs to the ClaCESA/CSLs family, which is involved in the synthesis of cell walls by regulating the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Microscopic analyses, revealed that dw-n plants exhibited shorter internode cells, thicker cell walls, and elevated hemicellulose content compared to V063. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that the CLACSLH1 protein is primarily localized in the nucleus and the cell membrane/wall. Notably, the overexpression of CLACSLH1 in the dw-n background was able to rescue its dwarf phenotype. Furthermore, experiments indicated that knockdown of CLACSLH1 resulted in excessive hemicellulose synthesis, inhibited internode cell elongation, and ultimately led to the stunted phenotype observed in dw-n. This research provides innovative insights into the development of superior dwarf watermelon varieties and advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying watermelon dwarfism.
DFT Insights into Substituent Effects on Trithiocarbonate Linkages: Electronic Structure, Stability and Reactivity
Authors: Verma Rahul , Kushwaha Pankaj Kumar , Arya Suresh Kumar , Chaturvedi Amit K. , Srivast Sunil Kumar , Chaturvedi Devdutt
Published: November 2024

This study provides a comprehensive theoretical investigation of trithiocarbonate (TTC) linkages, significant in polymerization processes, pharmacological therapies, and biologically active compounds. The focus is on the impact of various substituents on electronic structure, stability, and reactivity using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Key electronic parameters such as HOMO, LUMO, and energy gap were analyzed to evaluate molecular stability and potential reactivity. Compound characterization was performed using UV-visible absorption and IR spectroscopy. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis identified nucleophilic and electrophilic regions, while the density of states (DOS) provided additional insights into electronic distribution. Global reactivity descriptors, including chemical potential (µ), chemical softness (s), chemical hardness (ⴄ), and electrophilicity index (ꞷ), were used to assess the stability and reactivity. The electrophilic index of TTC1–TTC11 ranged from 1.5 eV to 4.0 eV, indicating high reactivity, while TTC12, TTC13, and TTC14 were classified as super-electrophilic. MEP analysis highlighted reactive sites, such as the sulfur atom in TTC11 and the C-H bond in TTC13. High bond dissociation energies (BDE) and Gibbs free energies for TTC11, TTC13, and TTC14 suggest strong linkages with their substituents when directly attached to ring-structured substituents without alkyl spacer. In contrast, TTC8, TTC9, TTC10, and TTC12 exhibit weaker linkages when linked with alkyl spacer. These findings offer valuable insights for designing TTC compounds with tailored properties.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Fluoranthene and Pyrene in Saline Condition Using Microbial Consortia
Authors: Ahmed Aziz , Kakar Mohib , Jattak Zafar Ullah , Iqbal Imran , Ataya Farid Shokry , Fouad Dalia
Published: November 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that exert acute toxic effects and/or possess carcinogenic, tumorigenic, and genotoxic properties. This study focused on the potential of a single bacterium and an enriched consortium to degrade high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs such as Pyrene (Pyr) and Fluoranthene (Flu) under saline conditions. The potential PAH degraders were isolated from mangrove sediments and identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi, Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, and Aeromonas salmonicida ss salmonicida. The findings revealed that the single culture degraders degraded Flu by 60%, 53%, and 47%, respectively, as well as Pyr by 58%, 51%, and 42%, respectively, from an initial concentration of 20 mg/L in seawater (28 ppm of NaCl) after 8 days. Meanwhile, the consortium degraded 85% of Flu and 81% of Pyr from an initial concentration of 50 mg/L after 8 days. The consortium also degraded a mixture of Flu and Pyr by about 60%. Biodegradation ability by the consortium for Flu and Pyr at different temperatures decreased in the order 30°C > 25°C > 35°C. The results revealed that, the consortium showed enhanced degradative capacity of more than 80% as compared to single isolates for degradation of Flu and Pyr and additionally the mixture of both PAHs showed 60% rate of degradation in saline environments. Therefore it can be concluded that the pooled microbial consortium has higher potential of degradation of PAHs especially for Flu and Pyr and this could be used as a method of removing PAHs pollution from the contaminated environment.
MIND THE MARGIN! ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN'S (NON) READING OF PICTURE BOOK PERIPHERIES. AN EYE TRACKING STUDY.
Authors: Dammers Ben
Published: November 2024

When we pick up a book, the first thing we see is the cover. We might read the title and the name of the author to identify the book. When we decide to read the book, we usually flip through the first pages until we reach the beginning of the narrative. Gérard Genette has described some of the elements we usually find within this transactional zone through his concept of paratexts. For written literature, Genette sees the function of these textual elements in guiding reception. Picture book publications have recently shown a development with regard to increasing narrative transgression. In particular, the images on the cover, endpapers, and within the title pages are often an integral part of the narrative, while the printed text (in the following referred to as ‘print’) continues to follow the conventions described by Genette. This leads to the question whether child readers adapt their reception behavior when they encounter such picture book peripheries. This paper discusses eye movement data recorded during picture book reception by 48 elementary school students. The data show a significant tendency for participants to pay only very selective attention to the peripheral areas of the picture book, even when the narrative extends into the periphery. The concept of typographic dispositives is proposed as a theoretical explanation for these findings.
MULTILITERACIES IN MINORITY LANGUAGE CONTEXTS
Authors: Castellano-Sanz Margarida , Reyes-Torres Agustín
Published: November 2024

This paper presents Learning by Design (Cope & Kalantzis, 2015) as a foundational pedagogical approach for the teaching of Catalan in the Valencian Autonomy Community (Spain), aiming to enhance the quality of the teaching-learning process. By promoting multiple literacies through a multimodal learning path implemented in five key stages, teachers can provide learners with aesthetic experiences that engage them in a process of meaning-making. This research constitutes a qualitative study conducted with two groups of students at different educational levels and one group of teachers. The results show that the implementation of the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies is beneficial not only to achieve a greater predisposition of students to get involved in the minority language class, but also to promote the development of their cognitive, linguistic, aesthetic and sociocultural skills, enabling them to participate actively and become co-constructors of meaning.
From readiness to excellence: The role of digital enablement and innovation in life insurance performance
Authors: Dillianti Risye , Prabowo Harjanto , Kartono Rahim Rano , Kurniawan Yohannes
Published: November 2024

With digital transformation becoming a key focus for businesses globally, the Indonesian life insurance industry faces increasing pressure to adopt digital strategies to remain competitive. This study examines the relationships between technology adoption readiness, digital enablement, and life insurance performance and explores the moderating effect of innovation capability. A quantitative approach was employed, gathering data through a structured questionnaire distributed to senior executives from 43 life insurance companies in Indonesia. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS, the analysis reveals that digital enablement significantly enhances life insurance performance, driven by the readiness of companies to adopt technology. However, the moderating role of innovation capability was found to be less impactful, suggesting that innovation contributes to performance but does not substantially influence the relationship between digital enablement and life insurance performance. These findings provide valuable insights for life insurance companies in Indonesia, highlighting the importance of investing in technology adoption and digital integration while continuing to develop innovation capabilities to stay competitive in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.