bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tomographical, rheological, and structural effects of soy protein concentrate in a gluten‐free extruded noodle system
Authors: Yang Geunhyuk , Jeong Sungmin , Lee Suyong
Published: May 2023

Global interest in high‐protein foods has been rapidly increasing and the gluten‐free products are no exceptions. Gluten‐free extruded noodles made from rice flour were thus fortified with soy protein concentrate (SPC) (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% by weight), and the physicochemical properties of the noodles were characterized in terms of tomographical, rheological, and structural features. SPC‐rice flour blends showed higher water absorption and swelling power at room temperature with increasing levels of SPC, which were reduced upon heating. The flour blends with high‐levels of SPC also had lower pasting viscosities. Thermal analysis showed lower enthalpy values and higher temperatures derived from starch gelatinization. When the SPC‐rice flour blends were applied to extruded gluten‐free rice noodles, the noodles tomographically showed a dense and compact structure, that could be favorably correlated with their textural changes (increased hardness and reduced extensibility). FTIR analysis presented the structural changes of the noodles containing different levels of SPC by showing higher intensity of protein‐related absorption peaks and lower starch peak intensity, which could be associated with the reduced cooking loss. Moreover, there existed two water components with different mobilities in the noodles whose spin–spin relaxation times had a tendency to increase with increasing SPC content. The results obtained from this study provided fundamental insights into the processing performance of protein‐rich ingredients in gluten‐free extruded noodles, probably promoting the development of a wider variety of protein‐fortified gluten‐free products.
Patent scenario of COVID‐19 vaccines: A promising analysis and review of innovation and development
Authors: Madhusoodanan Lavanya , Soni Patrika , Sharma Rahul , Dubey Amit
Published: May 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a highly contagious infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has had a devastating effect on world demographics and emerged as a significant global health emergency since the influenza pandemic of 1918. It emphasized the significance of international cooperation in battling SARS‐CoV‐2 efficiently ever since the discovery and publication of the virus's genome in January 2020. The world took significant steps to combat the disease, ranging from increasing personal protective equipment production and emphasizing the importance of social distancing/masking to the Emergency Use Authorization of remdesivir/therapeutic antibodies. Despite significant advances in clinical research that have led to a better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 management, limiting the virus's and its variants' spread, has become a growing concern as SARS‐CoV‐2 continues to cause chaos around the world, with many countries experiencing a second or third wave of outbreaks attributed primarily due to the emergence of mutant virus variants. Considering the potential threat of this global outbreak, scientist and medics have rushed to identify possible treatment regimens and effective therapeutic drugs and vaccinations. As a matter of fact, several COVID‐19 vaccines candidate have been researched, created, tested, and reviewed at a breakneck pace. Finding patents, examining relevant patents for current research activities and assessing them plays a key part for the best possible research and development before establishing and executing a trading strategy, especially with recent technology advancements. Therefore, to support current research and development we have evaluated patents relevant to various COVID‐19 vaccine technology platforms. The aim of the present research work is to map the existing work through an analysis of patent literature in the field of Coronaviruses, particularly COVID‐19 vaccines which will subsequently help the organization launch campaigns, as well as academics and research‐driven institutions with the aid of patent literature information for a range of initiatives to combat this circulating demon.
An exceptional presentation of Charcot–Marie‐tooth 1C disease: Case report of a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Porey Camelia
Published: May 2023

Charcot–Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease is the commonest form of hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy and presents with a vast plethora of phenotypes and genetic mutations. CMT1C is a rarer variant presenting with lower limb predominant sensorimotor involvement, associated with LITAF/SIMPLE gene mutation. We describe a case of an 18‐year‐old male with progressive asymmetrical upper limb weakness and atrophy with an extensive epidural arachnoid cyst in cervicothoracic spine. Nerve conduction study and genetic analysis aided the diagnosis of CMIT1C. This is the first case reported with the coexistence of the two pathologies that may turn out to be a phenotype of the same disease spectrum in future research.
Addisonian pigmentation associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A rare paraneoplastic phenomenon
Authors: Mehra Mani , Sachdeva Meenakshi , Dayal Surabhi , Gupta Aanchal , Deswal Monica
Published: May 2023

Addisonian pigmentation usually presents with nonspecific symptoms and signs, which are often ignored or misdiagnosed as a sign of other more common diseases. We present a case of 12‐year‐old child in whom diffuse Addisonian hyperpigmentation of skin was associated with underlying acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐type), a rare paraneoplastic phenomenon in hematological malignancies.
The Integral Momentum Balance Applied to Metering Orifices to Obtain the Pressure Drop and the Flow Rate With High Accuracy
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Malcherek Andreas
Published: May 2023

The established method of calculating the pressure loss and the flow rate of flows through metering orifices requires empirical correction coefficients. In this paper, a completely momentum-based approach is presented to predict the flow rate and the pressure loss. It is shown that the proposed approach is as precise as the established method but without any empirical coefficient. The required physical coefficients solely base on physics. They pinpoint the sources of the inaccuracy that effects the employment of an empirical correction coefficient to correct the established method—and confirm the empirical correction coefficient on a physical foundation. Ultimately, the physical coefficients evade the effort to experimentally calibrate the theory with the experiments. The integral momentum balance is applied to a control volume comprising the orifice reaching up to the respective pressure metering cross section. Depending on the location of the control volume's open boundaries, the pressure loss or the flow rate can be obtained. To substitute the integral with averaged expressions, the introduced physical coefficients are deduced directly from numerical simulations and parametrized by simple analytical fit functions to complete the momentum-based approach. The numerical model and the proposed approach are both verified by the comparison with the results obtained by the standard ISO 5167:2003. The agreement with the classical calculation method as per ISO 5167:2003 is very high and within the specified limits, which shows that no empirical coefficient is necessary for high-accuracy flow metering using the momentum balance.
Land–Energy–Food Nexus: Competition and Societal Impact of Land Use for Sustainable Energy and Food Production—A Review
Authors: Turner Isabel B. , Pansino Christina M. , de Lemos Marcelo J. S.
Published: May 2023

Land is a limited commodity that has always been fought over. Its use and allocation for various purposes have been the subject of much debate and for good reason. It is necessary for most industries. It is becoming more and more a topic of conversation as available land is used up. This review article explores land competition as it relates to the production of food and energy, as well as the ramifications of taking natural land and converting it to human use for these purposes. It also discusses the policies that some countries are enacting to deal with the ever-shrinking availability of free land and ways that society can decrease the necessity for more land.
Inertial Sensor-Based Estimation of Temporal Events in Skating Sub-Techniques While In-Field Roller Skiing
Authors: Meyer Frédéric , Lund-Hansen Magne , Kocbach Jan , Seeberg Trine M. , Sandbakk Øyvind B. , Austeng Andreas
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to test and adapt a treadmill-developed method for determination of inner-cycle parameters and sub-technique in cross-country roller ski skating for a field application. The method is based on detecting initial and final ground contact of poles and skis during cyclic movements. Eleven athletes skied 4 laps of 2.5 km at low- and high-endurance intensities, using 2 types of skis with different rolling coefficients. Participants were equipped with inertial measurement units attached to their wrists and skis, and insoles with pressure sensors and poles with force measurements were used as reference systems. The method based on inertial measurement units was able to detect >97% of the temporal events detected with the reference system. The inner-cycle temporal parameters had a precision ranging from 49 to 59 milliseconds, corresponding to 3.9% to 13.7% of the corresponding inner-cycle duration. Overall, this study showed good reliability of using inertial measurement units on athletes’ wrists and skis to determine temporal events, inner-cycle parameters, and the performed sub-techniques in cross-country roller ski skating in field conditions.
Associations Between Type and Timing of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mental Health in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: da Costa Bruno G.G. , Van Rooij Antonius J. , Tuijnman Anouk , Saunders Travis J. , Chaput Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2023

Background: This cross-sectional study analyzed the association of leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), nonleisure PA and SB, and total PA and SB in different time segments of the day with mental health among Dutch adolescents and young adults. Methods: A total of 881 participants aged 16–25 years completed an online survey. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5, and participants also reported sex, age, and income. They filled out a questionnaire of types of PA and SB for each hour of the day. Activities were categorized into nonleisure and leisure, during the morning, afternoon, evening, and for the whole day. Results: Participants (52.8% female, on average 20.8 y) generally engaged in more leisure-time PA and SB during weekends compared with weekdays, and more nonleisure activities on weekdays. Associations varied between time segments and days of the week. Positive associations of leisure-time and total PA during the whole day and evenings with mental health were observed on weekdays. Total, leisure-time, and nonleisure-time SB were associated with worse mental health. Nonleisure PA was not associated with mental health. Conclusions: Leisure-time PA was found to have a favorable association with mental health, particularly in the evenings of weekdays and afternoons of weekend days. On the other hand, leisure SB was associated with poorer mental health in most of the time segments analyzed, and nonleisure SB in the evenings was also related to worse mental health. The type and timing of PA and SB behaviors play an important role in the relationship with mental health.
2022 French Report Card on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Youth: From Continuous Alarming Conclusions to Encouraging Initiatives
Authors: Fillon Alicia , Vanhelst Jeremy , Genin Pauline , Larras Benjamin , Tardieu Michéle , Porcherie Marion , Luiggi Maxime , Aubert Salomé , Verdot Charlotte , Rey Olivier , Lhuisset Lena , Bois Julien E. , Millet Guillaume Y. , Duclos Martine , Thivel David
Published: May 2023

Background: Scientific evidence and public health reports keep highlighting the continuous and alarming worldwide progression of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. The present paper summarizes findings from the 2022 French Report Card (RC) on physical activity for children and youth and compares them to the 2016, 2018, and 2020 RCs. Methods: The 2022 edition of the French RC follows the standardized methodology established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix. Ten physical activity indicators have been evaluated and graded based on the best available evidence coming from national surveys, peer-reviewed literature, government and nongovernment reports, and online information. The evaluation was also performed in children and adolescents with disabilities. Indicators were graded from A (high level of evidence) to F (very low level of evidence) or INC for incomplete. Results: The evaluated indicators received the following grades: overall physical activity: D−; organized sport participation and physical activity: C; active play: F; active transportation: C; sedentary behaviors: D−; family and peers: D; physical fitness: C; school: C−; community and the built environment: F; government: B. Conclusions: While this 2022 French RC shows progression for 7 out of the 10 indicators considered, it also underlines the continuous need for actions at the local, regional, and national levels to develop better surveillance systems and favor a long-term improvement of youth movement behaviors.
College Soccer Student-Athletes Demonstrate Differences in Self-Reported Athlete Health When Grouped by Match Volume
Authors: Pexa Brett S. , Waxman Justin P. , Westbrook Audrey E. , Ford Kevin R.
Published: May 2023

Context: Physical changes following activity are well documented, but there is limited information about self-reported outcomes around competitive matches. High training volumes and poor recovery could predispose athletes to overuse injury. The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in daily athlete health measures before, during, and after the day of each match in high- and low-volume groups. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: Fifty-five soccer athletes (age: 19.8 [1.2] y, 26 males, 29 females) provided daily measures of readiness, physical fatigue, mental stress, sleep quality, and soreness intensity match days, days 1 (D01) and 2 (D02) following matches, and standard practice days. Participants were grouped into high volume and low volume, based off the minutes played during the season. Results: Soreness increased, readiness decreased, and fatigue increased on D01 compared with match days (P < .008) in the high-volume group. Between groups, the high-volume group demonstrated higher soreness on D01 and D02, lower readiness on D01 and D02, and lower fatigue on D01, compared with the low-volume group (P < .008). Conclusions: Soccer athletes demonstrate significant changes in self-reported athlete health variables around competitive matches. These changes are similar to physical outcomes, potentially indicating that the athlete health variables may be used to track athlete recovery from competition, potentially limiting the impact of overuse injuries.
7SK methylation by METTL3 promotes transcriptional activity
Authors: Perez-Pepe Marcelo , Desotell Anthony W. , Li Hengyi , Li Wenxue , Han Bing , Lin Qishan , Klein Daryl E. , Liu Yansheng , Goodarzi Hani , Alarcón Claudio R.
Published: May 2023

A fundamental feature of cell signaling is the conversion of extracellular signals into adaptive transcriptional responses. The role of RNA modifications in this process is poorly understood. The small nuclear RNA 7SK prevents transcriptional elongation by sequestering the cyclin dependent kinase 9/cyclin T1 (CDK9/CCNT1) positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) complex. We found that epidermal growth factor signaling induces phosphorylation of the enzyme methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), leading to METTL3-mediated methylation of 7SK. 7SK methylation enhanced its binding to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, causing the release of the HEXIM1 P-TEFb complex subunit1 (HEXIM1)/P-TEFb complex and inducing transcriptional elongation. Our findings establish the mechanism underlying 7SK activation and uncover a previously unknown function for the m
6
A modification in converting growth factor signaling events into a regulatory transcriptional response via an RNA methylation–dependent switch.
Epidermal mutation accumulation in photodamaged skin is associated with skin cancer burden and can be targeted through ablative therapy
Authors: Wong Ho Yi , Lee Ruby C. , Chong Sharene , Kapadia Stuti , Freeman Michael , Murigneux Valentine , Brown Susan , Soyer H. Peter , Roy Edwige , Khosrotehrani Kiarash
Published: May 2023

The main carcinogen for keratinocyte skin cancers (KCs) such as basal and squamous cell carcinomas is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. There is growing evidence that accumulation of mutations and clonal expansion play a key role in KC development. The relationship between UV exposure, epidermal mutation load, and KCs remains unclear. Here, we examined the mutation load in both murine (
n
= 23) and human (
n
= 37) epidermal samples. Epidermal mutations accumulated in a UV dose–dependent manner, and this mutation load correlated with the KC burden. Epidermal ablation (either mechanical or laser induced), followed by spontaneous healing from underlying epithelial adnexae reduced the mutation load markedly in both mouse (
n
= 8) and human (
n
= 6) clinical trials. In a model of UV-induced basal cell carcinoma, epidermal ablation reduced incident lesions by >80% (
n
= 5). Overall, our findings suggest that mutation burden is strongly associated with KC burden and represents a target to prevent subsequent KCs.
Intercellular communication within the virus microenvironment affects the susceptibility of cells to secondary viral infections
Authors: Song Bokai , Sheng Xinlei , Justice Joshua L. , Lum Krystal K. , Metzger Peter J. , Cook Katelyn C. , Kostas James C. , Cristea Ileana M.
Published: May 2023

Communication between infected cells and cells in the surrounding tissue is a determinant of viral spread. However, it remains unclear how cells in close or distant proximity to an infected cell respond to primary or secondary infections. We establish a cell-based system to characterize a virus microenvironment, distinguishing infected, neighboring, and distal cells. Cell sorting, microscopy, proteomics, and cell cycle assays allow resolving cellular features and functional consequences of proximity to infection. We show that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection primes neighboring cells for both subsequent HCMV infections and secondary infections with herpes simplex virus 1 and influenza A. Neighboring cells exhibit mitotic arrest, dampened innate immunity, and altered extracellular matrix. Conversely, distal cells are poised to slow viral spread due to enhanced antiviral responses. These findings demonstrate how infection reshapes the microenvironment through intercellular signaling to facilitate spread and how spatial proximity to an infection guides cell fate.
Brain-inspired multimodal hybrid neural network for robot place recognition
Authors: Yu Fangwen , Wu Yujie , Ma Songchen , Xu Mingkun , Li Hongyi , Qu Huanyu , Song Chenhang , Wang Taoyi , Zhao Rong , Shi Luping
Published: May 2023

Place recognition is an essential spatial intelligence capability for robots to understand and navigate the world. However, recognizing places in natural environments remains a challenging task for robots because of resource limitations and changing environments. In contrast, humans and animals can robustly and efficiently recognize hundreds of thousands of places in different conditions. Here, we report a brain-inspired general place recognition system, dubbed NeuroGPR, that enables robots to recognize places by mimicking the neural mechanism of multimodal sensing, encoding, and computing through a continuum of space and time. Our system consists of a multimodal hybrid neural network (MHNN) that encodes and integrates multimodal cues from both conventional and neuromorphic sensors. Specifically, to encode different sensory cues, we built various neural networks of spatial view cells, place cells, head direction cells, and time cells. To integrate these cues, we designed a multiscale liquid state machine that can process and fuse multimodal information effectively and asynchronously using diverse neuronal dynamics and bioinspired inhibitory circuits. We deployed the MHNN on Tianjic, a hybrid neuromorphic chip, and integrated it into a quadruped robot. Our results show that NeuroGPR achieves better performance compared with conventional and existing biologically inspired approaches, exhibiting robustness to diverse environmental uncertainty, including perceptual aliasing, motion blur, light, or weather changes. Running NeuroGPR as an overall multi–neural network workload on Tianjic showcases its advantages with 10.5 times lower latency and 43.6% lower power consumption than the commonly used mobile robot processor Jetson Xavier NX.
Deployment of an electrocorticography system with a soft robotic actuator
Authors: Song Sukho , Fallegger Florian , Trouillet Alix , Kim Kyungjin , Lacour Stéphanie P.
Published: May 2023

Electrocorticography (ECoG) is a minimally invasive approach frequently used clinically to map epileptogenic regions of the brain and facilitate lesion resection surgery and increasingly explored in brain-machine interface applications. Current devices display limitations that require trade-offs among cortical surface coverage, spatial electrode resolution, aesthetic, and risk consequences and often limit the use of the mapping technology to the operating room. In this work, we report on a scalable technique for the fabrication of large-area soft robotic electrode arrays and their deployment on the cortex through a square-centimeter burr hole using a pressure-driven actuation mechanism called eversion. The deployable system consists of up to six prefolded soft legs, and it is placed subdurally on the cortex using an aqueous pressurized solution and secured to the pedestal on the rim of the small craniotomy. Each leg contains soft, microfabricated electrodes and strain sensors for real-time deployment monitoring. In a proof-of-concept acute surgery, a soft robotic electrode array was successfully deployed on the cortex of a minipig to record sensory cortical activity. This soft robotic neurotechnology opens promising avenues for minimally invasive cortical surgery and applications related to neurological disorders such as motor and sensory deficits.
Immune checkpoint B7-H3 is a therapeutic vulnerability in prostate cancer harboring PTEN and TP53 deficiencies
Authors: Shi Wei , Wang Yin , Zhao Yuehui , Kim Justin Jimin , Li Haoyan , Meng Chenling , Chen Feiyu , Zhang Jie , Mak Duncan H. , Van Vivien , Leo Javier , St. Croix Brad , Aparicio Ana , Zhao Di
Published: May 2023

Checkpoint immunotherapy has yielded meaningful responses across many cancers but has shown modest efficacy in advanced prostate cancer. B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3/
CD276
) is an immune checkpoint molecule and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. However, much remains to be understood regarding B7-H3’s role in cancer progression, predictive biomarkers for B7-H3–targeted therapy, and combinatorial strategies. Our multi-omics analyses identified B7-H3 as one of the most abundant immune checkpoints in prostate tumors containing
PTEN
and
TP53
genetic inactivation. Here, we sought in vivo genetic evidence for, and mechanistic understanding of, the role of B7-H3 in
PTEN/TP53-
deficient prostate cancer. We found that loss of
PTEN
and
TP53
induced B7-H3 expression by activating transcriptional factor Sp1. Prostate-specific deletion of
Cd276
resulted in delayed tumor progression and reversed the suppression of tumor-infiltrating T cells and NK cells in
Pten/Trp53
genetically engineered mouse models. Furthermore, we tested the efficacy of the B7-H3 inhibitor in preclinical models of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We demonstrated that enriched regulatory T cells and elevated programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in myeloid cells hinder the therapeutic efficacy of B7-H3 inhibition in prostate tumors. Last, we showed that B7-H3 inhibition combined with blockade of PD-L1 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) achieved durable antitumor effects and had curative potential in a
PTEN/TP53
-deficient CRPC model. Given that B7-H3–targeted therapies have been evaluated in early clinical trials, our studies provide insights into the potential of biomarker-driven combinatorial immunotherapy targeting B7-H3 in prostate cancer, among other malignancies.
Characterization of the
O
-Glycoproteome of Flavobacterium johnsoniae
Authors: Veith Paul D. , Gorasia Dhana G. , Reynolds Eric C.
Published: May 2023

Flavobacterium johnsoniae
is a Gram-negative bacterium that is found in soil and water. It is frequently used as a model species for studying gliding motility and the T9SS.
Viral Protein Accumulation of Zika Virus Variants Links with Regulation of Innate Immunity for Differential Control of Viral Replication, Spread, and Response to Interferon
Authors: Lu Amy Y. , Gustin Andrew , Newhouse Daniel , Gale Michael
Published: May 2023

ZIKV isolates are classified under African or Asian lineages. Infection with emerging Asian lineage-derived ZIKV strains is associated with increased incidence of neurological symptoms that were not previously reported during infection with African or preemergent Asian lineage viruses.
LaeA-Regulated Fungal Traits Mediate Bacterial Community Assembly
Authors: Tannous Joanna , Cosetta Casey M. , Drott Milton T. , Rush Tomás A. , Abraham Paul E. , Giannone Richard J. , Keller Nancy P. , Wolfe Benjamin E.
Published: May 2023

Cheese rinds are economically important microbial communities where fungi can impact food quality and aesthetics. The specific mechanisms by which fungi can regulate bacterial community assembly in cheeses, other fermented foods, and microbiomes in general are largely unknown.
Binary or Nonbinary Fission? Reproductive Mode of a Predatory Bacterium Depends on Prey Size
Authors: Pląskowska Karolina , Makowski Łukasz , Strzałka Agnieszka , Zakrzewska-Czerwińska Jolanta
Published: May 2023

Most eukaryotic and bacterial cells divide by binary fission, where one mother cell produces two progeny cells, or, rarely, by nonbinary fission. All bacteria studied to date use only one of these two reproduction modes.
Complete Genome Sequences of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B Vaccine Strains from Brazil
Authors: Kariithi Henry M. , Volkening Jeremy D. , Alves Victória Veiga , Reis-Cunha João Luís , Arantes Letícia Cury Rocha Veloso , Fernando Filipe Santos , Filho Tobias Fernandes , da Silva Martins Nelson Rodrigo , Lemiere Stephane , de Freitas Neto Oliveiro Caetano , Decanini Eduardo L. , Afonso Claudio L. , Suarez David L.
Published: May 2023

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes a highly contagious upper respiratory and reproductive disease in chickens, turkeys, and ducks. Here, complete genome sequences of aMPV-B vaccine strains BR/1890/E1/19 (PL21, Nemovac; Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Brazil) and BR/1891/E2/19 (1062; Hipraviar, France) were sequenced and compared with the pathogenic field strain VCO3/60616.
SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Booster Vaccination Elicits Robust Humoral Immune Responses in Aged Mice
Authors: Kim Eun , Khan Muhammad S. , Ferrari Alessandro , Huang Shaohua , Sammartino Josè C. , Percivalle Elena , Kenniston Thomas W. , Cassaniti Irene , Baldanti Fausto , Gambotto Andrea
Published: May 2023

Vaccines have significantly reduced the incidences of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about their increased transmissibility and ability to evade neutralizing antibodies, especially among elderly individuals who are at higher risks of mortality and reductions of vaccine effectiveness.
Systematic Surveillance of an Emerging Picornavirus among Cattle and Sheep in China
Authors: Ji Chengyuan , Zhang Yao , Feng Yiqiu , Zhang Xinqin , Ma Jiale , Pan Zihao , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Yao Huochun
Published: May 2023

We identified a novel picornavirus, boosepivirus, for the first time in China. Genetic evolutionary analysis revealed that NX20-1 strain was closely related to the Japanese strain Bo-12-38/2009/JPN and belonged to
Boosepivirus B
.
Supplemental Material: Physicochemical evolution and mechanism of a skarn system: Insights from the world-class Mazraeh Cu deposit, NW Iran
Authors: Rajabpour Shahrokh , al. et
Published: May 2023

Table S1: Representative EPMA analyses (in wt%) of garnet and the molecular proportions of its end-members. Table S2: Representative EPMA analyses (in wt%) of pyroxene and the molecular proportions of its end-members. Table S3: Bulk-rock major and trace elements composition of selected granodiorite samples. Table S4: Types of fluid inclusions in minerals from various hydrothermal assemblages of the Mazraeh deposit and their microthermometry results for 49 FIAs. Table S5: Oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur isotope compositions of different minerals and their calculated equilibrium fluids. 
Modern Concepts on the Origin and Distribution of Acipenserids (Acipenseridae)
Authors: Ruban G. I.
Published: May 2023

The current data on the place and time of origin of Acipenseriformes and the family Acipenseridae, as well as on their distribution in connection with the history of the development of sea and river basins, are summarized. The supposed areas of the initial radiation of Acipenseriformes and their long-term habitation were in eastern Laurasia on a part of the modern Chita Region, Eastern and Central Mongolia, and northern and northeastern China. The eastern part of Asia should also be considered the place of origin of the family Acipenseridae. The widespread distribution of Acipenseriformes was facilitated mainly by the formation of diadromous forms from primarily freshwater species, the origin of which is associated with multiple transgressions and regressions of the ocean. Modern potamodromous acipenserids were probably formed as a result of the return of anadromous forms to living in fresh water; i.e., they are secondarily freshwater species.
Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a patient with long-term use of a tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor
Authors: So Matsuo , Shachi Tal , Mudd Jeremy , Miyakawa Lina , Kim Boram
Published: May 2023

A man in his 60s presented with intermittent constitutional symptoms along with waxing and waning chest radiographic abnormalities, eventually leading to a diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). LYG is a rare, progressive Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-driven lymphoproliferative disease associated with immune dysregulation most commonly involving the lungs. The diagnosis requires tissue biopsy; thus, the decision to pursue tissue sampling with histopathology examination in a timely manner is essential. Currently, there are no established guidelines regarding the treatment of LYG, which varies from cessation of immunosuppressants to immunochemotherapy and usually requires multidisciplinary team discussion.
Threats by artificial intelligence to human health and human existence
Authors: Federspiel Frederik , Mitchell Ruth , Asokan Asha , Umana Carlos , McCoy David
Published: May 2023

While artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions in healthcare, it also poses a number of threats to human health and well-being via social, political, economic and security-related determinants of health. We describe three such main ways misused narrow AI serves as a threat to human health: through increasing opportunities for control and manipulation of people; enhancing and dehumanising lethal weapon capacity and by rendering human labour increasingly obsolescent. We then examine self-improving ‘artificial general intelligence’ (AGI) and how this could pose an existential threat to humanity itself. Finally, we discuss the critical need for effective regulation, including the prohibition of certain types and applications of AI, and echo calls for a moratorium on the development of self-improving AGI. We ask the medical and public health community to engage in evidence-based advocacy for safe AI, rooted in the precautionary principle.
Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of telephone consultation compared to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control among patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Koh Zhong Wei Jeremy , Sim Sai Zhen , Lew Kaiwei Jeremy , Lee Poay Sian Sabrina , Lee Eng Sing
Published: May 2023

Objective

With the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has been increasingly deployed in lieu of face-to-face consultations for management of diabetes in primary care. There was a need to evaluate clinical effectiveness of telephone consultations for diabetes management and this study aimed to show whether one-off telephone consultation was inferior or not to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control among patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes.

Design

Retrospective cohort study. Data of all patients with type 2 diabetes who had a chronic disease consultation during the period 9 April 2020–18 September 2020, and met the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria was obtained from the electronic medical records.

Setting

A primary care clinic in the north-eastern region of Singapore. The clinic’s patient population was representative of Singapore’s population in terms of gender and age.

Participants

644 patients with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.0% and above, aged 21–80 years old.

Interventions

Participants either underwent telephone or face-to-face consultation for diabetes management.

Outcome measure

Mean HbA1c change (∆HbA1c) between preintervention and postintervention.

Results

Over 4 months, the mean ∆HbA1c was −0.16 percentage points (p.p.) (95% CI −0.26 to –0.07) and −0.11 p.p. (95% CI −0.20 to –0.02) for face-to-face and telephone consultation groups, respectively. The difference in mean ∆HbA1c between the two groups was +0.05 p.p. (95% CI −∞ to 0.16), with the upper limit of the one-sided 95% CI less than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 0.5 p.p. (p<0.05). In those with HbA1c≥9%, the difference in mean ∆HbA1c was +0.31 p.p. (95% CI −∞ to 0.79), which exceeded the non-inferiority margin.

Conclusion

For patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes, one-time telephone consultation was non-inferior to face-to-face consultation in terms of glycaemic control in the short term. However, more studies are required to investigate the long-term effects of telephone consultations and for those with HbA1c≥9%.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and its associations with hospitalisation or death in Japan 2014–2019: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide medical claims data in the middle-aged generation
Authors: Saito Yoshiyuki , Igarashi Ataru , Nakayama Takeo , Fukuma Shingo
Published: May 2023

Objective

To describe the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associations with clinical outcomes across age groups.

Design

Retrospective cohort study using nationwide medical claims data.

Setting

Carried out in Japan between April 2014 and March 2019.

Participants

N=246 671 Japanese individuals aged 20–74 enrolled in the health insurance were included into the baseline data set for fiscal year (FY) 2014. Of those, N=181 959 individuals were included into the cohort data set spanning FY2014–FY2018.

Exposures

Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 of 15 chronic conditions according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes of the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Primary outcome: the standardised prevalence of multimorbidity across age groups was evaluated using data from FY2014 and extrapolated to the Japanese total population. Secondary outcome: hospitalisation or death events were traced by month using medical claims data and insurer enrolment data. Associations between multimorbidity and 5-year hospitalisation and/or death events across age groups were analysed using a Cox regression model.

Results

The standardised prevalence rate of multimorbidity in the nationwide Japanese total population was estimated to 26.1%. The prevalence rate with age was increased, approximately 5% (ages 20–29), 10% (30–39), 20% (40–49), 30% (50–59), 50% (60–69) and 60% (70–74). Compared with individuals aged 20–39 without multimorbidity, those with multimorbidity had a higher incidence of clinical events in any age group (HR=2.43 (95% CI 2.30 to 2.56) in ages 20–39, HR=2.55 (95% CI 2.47 to 2.63) in ages 40–59 and HR=3.41 (95% CI 3.23 to 3.53) in ages ≥60). The difference in the incidence of clinical events between multimorbidity and no multimorbidity was larger than that between age groups.

Conclusions

Multimorbidity is already prevalent in the middle-aged generation and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. These findings underscore the significance of multimorbidity and highlight the urgent need for preventive intervention at the public healthcare level.
Does recommended mental health follow-up care occur after postdeployment screening in the Canadian Armed Forces? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Boulos David , Garber Bryan
Published: May 2023

Objective

To determine Canadian service members’ level of adherence to a recommendation for mental health services follow-up that was assigned by clinicians during postdeployment screening.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Canadian military population.

Participants

The cohort consisted of personnel (n=28 460) with a deployment within the 2009–2014 time frame. A stratified random sample (n=3004) was selected for medical chart review. However, we restricted our analysis to individuals whose completed screening resulted in a recommendation for mental health services follow-up (sample n=316 (weighted n=2034) or 11.2% of screenings.

Interventions

Postdeployment health screening.

Primary outcome measure

The outcome was adherence to a screening-indicated mental health services follow-up recommendation, assessed within 90 days, a preferred delay, and within 365 days, a delay considered partially associated with the screening recommendation.

Results

Adherence within 90 days of screening was 71.1% (95% CI 59.7% to 82.5%) for individuals with ‘major’ mental health concerns, 36.1% (95% CI 23.9% to 48.4%) for those with ‘minor’ mental health concerns, and 46.8% (95% CI 18.6% to 75.0%), for those with psychosocial mental health concerns; the respective 365-day adherence fractions were 85.3% (95% CI 76.1% to 94.5%), 55.7% (95% CI 42.0% to 69.4%) and 48.6% (95% CI 20.4% to 76.9%). Logistic regression indicated that a 90-day adherence among those with a ‘major’ mental health concern was higher among those screening after 2012 (adjusted OR (AOR) 5.45 (95% CI 1.08 to 27.45)) and lower, with marginal significance, among those with deployment durations greater than 180 days (AOR 0.35 (95% CI 0.11 to 1.06)).

Conclusions

On an individual level, screening has the potential to identify when a care need is present and a follow-up assessment can be recommended; however, we found that adherence to this recommendation is not absolute, suggesting that administrative checks and possibly, process refinements would be beneficial to ensure that care-seeking barriers are minimised.
What is needed to effectively communicate risk during a health crisis? A qualitative study with international experts based on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bravo Paulina , Martinez-Pereira Alejandra , Fernández-González Loreto , Dois Angelina
Published: May 2023

Objective

To identify a framework for risk communication during health crises by using the current pandemic as a case study.

Design

A qualitative study based on individual interviews.

Setting

Different countries with diverse levels of perceived success on risk communication during the COVID-19 health crisis.

Participants

International experts with experience in health crisis management or risk communication.

Analysis

A thematic analysis was performed supported by Atlas.ti.

Results

Four men and six women took part in the study (three from Europe, two from Latin America, two from North America, one from Asia and two from Oceania). Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) institutionalising the communication strategy; (2) defining the problem that needs to be faced; (3) developing an effective communication strategy.

Conclusion

Risk communication during a health crisis requires preparation of governments and of health teams in order to produce and deliver effective messages as well as to help communities to make informed and healthy decisions. This is particularly relevant for slow disasters, such as COVID-19, as the strategy must innovate to avoid information fatigue of the audience. The findings of this article could inform guidelines to best equip countries for a clear communication strategy for future crises.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021234443.
Risk factors for emergence agitation during the awakening period in elderly patients after total joint arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Naigeng , Hao Jianhong , Zhang Jie , Du Jing , Luo Zhenguo
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors for emergence agitation (EA) in elderly patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty (TJA) under general anaesthesia, and to assess their predictive values.

Design

Single-centre retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A 1600-bed general tertiary hospital in China.

Participants

This study enrolled 421 elderly patients scheduled for elective primary TJA under general anaesthesia.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

EA was assessed using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale during the awakening period after surgery in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Risk factors for EA were identified using univariate and multivariable logistic analyses. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive values of the risk factors for EA.

Results

The incidence of EA in elderly patients who underwent TJA was 37.6%. According to the multivariable logistic analysis, postoperative pain (95% CI: 1.951 to 3.196), male sex (95% CI: 1.781 to 6.435), catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) (95% CI: 4.001 to 15.392) and longer fasting times for solids (95% CI: 1.260 to 2.301) and fluids (95% CI: 1.263 to 2.365) were independent risk factors for EA. As shown by the ROC analysis, postoperative pain and fasting times for solids and fluids had good predictive values, with areas under the ROC curve equalling 0.769, 0.753 and 0.768, respectively.

Conclusions

EA is a common complication after TJA in elderly patients. Some risk factors, including postoperative pain, male sex, CRBD and longer fasting times, can increase the incidence of EA. These risk factors may contribute to identifying high-risk patients, which facilitates the development of effective strategies to prevent and treat EA.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR1800020193.
Role of security guards in healthcare settings: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Shongwe Lindokuhle , Hanft-Robert Saskia , Cossie Qhama , Sithole Philasande , Roos Tessa , Swartz Leslie
Published: May 2023

Introduction

There is a paucity of literature on the comprehensive roles of security guards in healthcare, regardless of day-to-day observations of security guards playing an extensive role in this field. Thus, this review will systematically explore the roles of security guards in healthcare contexts to create a centred body of evidence.

Methods and analysis

The study will systematically review existing quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed literature on security guards in institutional healthcare so as to understand their roles. We will conduct the systematic review on 10 electronic databases: BioMed Central, SocIndex, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, JSTOR, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. Data extraction will be in the form of a word document. Mendeley software will be used to keep track of references, while the systematic review software, Rayyan, will be used for the screening, inclusion and exclusion of articles. If necessary, reviewer number 3 will conduct a third review should any disputes arise between the two initial reviewers. Quality assessment of the articles will be measured with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for articles in terms of the research aims, methodology used, sample, data analysis, presentation of findings, values of the research, as well as trustworthiness if it is a qualitative study or reflexiveness if it is a quantitative study. Studies dating back 32 years will be incorporated for a comprehensive review.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review will use publicly available peer-reviewed data from electronic databases and will, therefore, not require an ethical review, but rather, an ethics waiver. The systematic review protocol will be submitted for ethics waiver clearance from the Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committee. The findings from this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022353653.
Effectiveness of eHealth therapeutic education interventions in the management of fibromyalgia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martínez-Navarro Oriol , Climent-Sanz Carolina , Lletjà-Guijarro Ariadna , Adel El Arab Rabie , Verdejo-Amengual Francisco José , Valenzuela-Pascual Fran
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Non-pharmacological approaches have shown promising results in improving symptoms and quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia. However, these approaches may not be easily accessible or feasible for everyone. eHealth interventions may offer a more convenient and cost-effective approach to reach a wider range of patients with fibromyalgia and improve their outcomes. As eHealth tools become more prevalent in clinical practice, it is crucial to understand their effectiveness, limitations and how they can be integrated into standard care to optimise clinical outcomes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth therapeutic education interventions in managing fibromyalgia.

Methods and analysis

Randomised controlled trials including eHealth therapeutic education interventions for individuals ≥18 years old with fibromyalgia, published in English or Spanish, will be retrieved by searching the databases PubMed, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Covidence software will be used for the selection of studies and data extraction. The risk of bias and the certainty of evidence will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool. We plan to perform a meta-analysis contingent on the number of studies retrieved and the interstudy heterogeneity, which will be explored with I2statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol and the subsequent systematic review will not collect individual-level data and do not require approval by an ethical committee. We intend to disseminate the study results via peer-reviewed scientific journals and relevant (inter)national conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022343373.