bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision methods for student veterinary nurses
Authors: Foote Amber
Published: December 2024

Student veterinary nurses are required to learn a broad array of nursing theories, clinical conditions and practical skills while working in veterinary practice. Balancing study for both written and practical examinations with the demands of practice can be challenging. This article explores learning theories, time management strategies and effective revision techniques. It also discusses health and wellbeing practices that encourage self-care to support learning.
Exploring Limits in Off-Axis Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Martinez-Corral Manuel , Sanchez-Ortiga Emilio , Buitrago-Duque Carlos , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge
Published: December 2024

It is shown that reliable QPI can be extracted from off-axis DHM recorded under very adverse experimental conditions. Specifically, we demonstrate the QPI of quasi-opaque samples, with transmittances even below 1%. We also show that the bit depth requirement can be reduced to 3 bits.

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Learning-Based Wide-Angle Design Optimization for Improved Depth Estimation
Authors: Buquet Julie , Lalonde Jean-François , Thibault Simon
Published: December 2024

Using wide-angle systems’ distortion optimization for improved monocular depth estimation as a case study, we investigate the scope, benefits, and limitations of current end-to-end optical design practices in a context of machine perception.

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Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) and laser-matter interactions
Authors: Hancock S.W. , Zahedpour S. , Goffin A. , Milchberg H.M.
Published: December 2024

Light with orbital angular momentum orthogonal to propagation can exist in free space and as emergent structures integral to self-focused propagation. I will review our first observations, recent results on STOV-matter interactions, and possible applications.
Advancing Super-Resolution Microscopy Into the Third Dimension
Authors: Harvey Andrew
Published: December 2024

We describe how computational imaging enables imaging of extended 3D biological structures with a precision and volume that exceeds the fundamental diffraction limit by orders of magnitude– and in a single snapshot.

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Computational Microscopy for Pathology Analysis
Authors: Yang Changhuei
Published: December 2024

In this talk, I will discuss some of our recent computational microscopy and deep learning work, that showcase some of these shifts in the context of pathology. I will talk about APIC – an improved computational microscopy method to collect and process image data, which brings significant workflow advantages to pathology. I will also talking about the use of Deep Learning in image analysis, and point out some of the surprising and impactful ways Deep Learning can improve pathology.

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Direct Electro-Optic Transduction for High Bandwidth Entanglement Distribution
Authors: Axline Chris , Tengdin Phoebe , Gamper Stephan , Tusnin Aleksandr , Businger Moritz , Alma Guilhem , Brau Daniel
Published: December 2024

Quantum interconnects will be key to scale quantum computers and deploy quantum networks. I discuss what is required to realize practical, high-bandwidth quantum interconnects using microwave-to-optical transducers based on integrated photonics.

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Advancing Image Flow Cytometry Systems Beyond Fluorescence via Computational Label-Free Microscopy
Authors: Ferraro Pietro
Published: December 2024

We show that advanced imaging flow cytometry systems, integrating label-free computational holographic microscopy, could open new avenues in overcoming traditional fluorescence methods, offering improved cellular analysis capabilities and potential applications in diverse research and diagnostics.

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Quantum-Walk Comb Laser: Harnessing Fast-Gain for Synthetic Lattice Dynamics
Authors: Dikopoltsev Alex , Heckelmann Ina , Bertrand Mathieu , Beck Mattias , Scalari Giacomo , Zilberberg Oded , Faist Jerome
Published: December 2024

Locking cavity modes into a frequency comb is key for metrological applications. We show that fast-gain in modulated semiconductor ring lasers supports controllable active synthetic lattice dynamics that lead to novel forms of frequency combs.

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Generating Quantum Entanglement between Optical and Microwave Photons with a Chip-Scale Transducer
Authors: Meesala Srujan
Published: December 2024

We prepare entangled states of single optical and microwave photons using a piezo-optomechanical quantum transducer. This chip-scale device can serve as an entanglement generator between GHz-frequency superconducting qubits and telecom-wavelength photonic qubits in optical fiber.

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Materials and Devices for Integrated Atomic Quantum Systems
Authors: Mehta Karan
Published: December 2024

I will discuss a novel material platform for blue/UV integrated photonics, as well as high-purity passive generation of pure circularly polarized light leveraging vectorial waveguide mode structure, for application in integrated atomic quantum systems.

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Generation of guide star catalog for the all-time three-FOV star sensor applied on airborne platforms
Authors: Zhou Jingsong , Zhang Hui , Gao Xiaodong , Fang Liang , Lu Kaili , Zhao Rujin
Published: December 2024

The guide star catalog plays a crucial role in the star sensor, impacting the system’s star identification speed and attitude measurement accuracy. Currently, the generation method for the guide star catalog is well developed for star sensors used on satellites. However, the inter-FOV guide star catalog for the all-time three-FOV star sensor still faces challenges such as excessive storage requirements, non-uniform distribution of guide stars, and incompleteness. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes a generation method for the inter-FOV guide star catalog. Initially, a method for estimating instrument magnitudes in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band is proposed and validated. Then, a theoretical model of the all-time three-FOV star sensor is established, and its extreme detection magnitudes are analyzed. Subsequently, the guide stars are initially selected using the improved spherical spiral method (ISSM) based on their uniformity and brightness, followed by the combination of the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and the Monte Carlo method to generate the guide star catalog. Finally, it is verified by simulation experiments that the proposed method improves the uniformity and completeness while reducing the storage capacity.
Experimental Evaluation of Photothermal Conversion Magnetite Nanofluids under the Influence of Dynamic Magnetic Field
Authors: Alcalde-Castro Juan Jose , Álvarez-Gil Laura , Restrepo-Martínez Alejandro
Published: December 2024

The study investigates improved energy conversion efficiency in solar thermal systems using an oscillating magnetic field in nanofluid applications. Three concentrations of magnetite/ethylene glycol nanoparticles and ethylene glycol alone are evaluated.
Dual-phosphor thermometry to probe the flame particle interaction in a model packed bed
Authors: Khodsiani Mohammadhassan , Beyrau Frank , Fond Benoit
Published: December 2024

The flame-particle interaction in a model packed bed are probed at the pore scale using 2D lifetime imaging of thermographic phosphor coatings. A dual-phosphor approach reveals detailed temperature distributions at two temperature levels.
Manipulating Thermal Emission Using Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Ndukaife Justus , Zhu Guodong , Hong Ikjun
Published: December 2024

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate robust narrowband thermal emission using plasmonic quasi-BIC metasurfaces. Our wavelength-selective thermal emitters feature remarkable emission stability over a broad range of temperatures.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Enhancing Optical Clock Performance with Multiple Atomic Ensembles
Authors: Kolkowitz Shimon
Published: December 2024

I will explain the motivation and operating principles of our multiplexed strontium optical lattice clock. We use this miniature clock network to bypass limitations to atomic clock comparisons and achieve new levels of precision.

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Broadband highly efficient source of collimated terahertz radiation driven by an ultrafast optical oscillator
Authors: Bakunov M. I. , Kurnikov M. A. , Shugurov A. I. , Bodrov S. B.
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate experimentally an efficient terahertz emitter that consists of a 20 µm thick layer of LiNbO3 clamped between a fused silica substrate and a Si semicone. A focused laser beam from an ultrafast optical oscillator propagates in the LiNbO3 layer and emits a Cherenkov cone of terahertz radiation to the Si semicone. The radiation is totally internally reflected by the semicone’s convex surface and escapes the semicone through its base as a collimated beam. By pumping the emitter with 7 nJ Ti:sapphire laser pulses, terahertz radiation with the spectrum as wide as ∼6 THz was generated with a record high efficiency of 0.06% for oscillators.
Continuous Real-Time Magnetometry and Feedback Control via Coherent Population Trapping of a NV Center
Authors: Turner Ethan , Wu Shuhao , Wang Hailin
Published: December 2024

We report the experimental demonstration of continuous real-time magnetometry and feedback control via coherent population trapping of a NV center. The real-time update can take place with the detection of just a single photon.
Modal Entanglement Enhanced Deflectometry
Authors: He Wenhua , Gagatsos Christos N. , Wilson Dalziel J. , Guha Saikat
Published: December 2024

We show that exciting a particular high-order spatial mode in a squeezed state affords increased sensitivity for probing a small surface tilt, over optimum classical illumination and Gaussian quantum illumination with a HG00beam.
Sensing Methane with Undetected Mid-Infrared Photons
Authors: Dong Jinghan , Cardoso Arthur C. , Zhou Haichen , Zhang Jingrui , Nie Weijie , Clark Alex S. , Rarity John G.
Published: December 2024

Here we demonstrate a high-precision, rapid and low-cost methane optical sensor. Our method exploits undetected mid-infrared photons for accurate gas concentration detection and spectral analysis using a CMOS camera.
An Overview of Plasmonic Plastic Optical Fiber Biosensors for different application fields
Authors: Cennamo Nunzio , Zeni Luigi
Published: December 2024

The work reports several kinds of POF-based plasmonic probes (extrinsic and intrinsic schemes) combined with receptor layers (biomimetic or biological) that offer different efficiencies, producing the desired performances in terms of substance and detection range.
Advanced Pyroelectric Detectors for Spectroscopy
Authors: Chazan Pierre , Baliga Shankar
Published: December 2024

Pyroelectric infrared detectors are used in spectroscopy at relatively high modulation frequencies and long IR wavelengths out to THz. This paper describes continued advances in Lithium Tantalate pyroelectric detectors that provide for higher performance in a scalable, disruptive sensing technology.
Preliminary results of refractometric sensors based on silicon nitride ring resonators
Authors: La Grasta A. , Gómez-Gómez M. I. , Griol A. , De Carlo M. , Passaro V.M.N. , Martínez A. , Dell’Olio F.
Published: December 2024

Silicon-based ring resonators have proven to be essential components for building lab-on-chip systems, thanks to their capability to operate as label-free photonic sensors. Moreover, the possibility of using silicon nitride wafers offer low-loss waveguides across a wide range of wavelengths, from visible to near-infrared. In this work, we report on refractometric sensors based on silicon nitride ring resonators operating in the TE mode around 1310 nm wavelengths. Our preliminary results demonstrate that such a device could be used in the area of biosensing, therefore the aim is to test its sensitivity in terms of displacement of the resonant peak by passing from pure water to ethanol solutions. Subsequently, functionalization procedures will be explored in order to conduct binding experiments.
Dopamine facilitates the response to glutamatergic inputs in astrocyte cell models
Authors: Bezerra Thiago Ohno , Roque Antonio C.
Published: December 2024

Astrocytes respond to neurotransmitters by increasing their intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+ signals). While glutamate released by neurons trigger Ca2+ signals through IP3- and glutamate transporter-dependent mechanisms, dopamine released in distant sites activates astrocytes via dopaminergic receptors. However, little is known about the modulatory effects of dopamine on glutamate-evoked astrocytic activity. To investigate this question, we developed multi-compartment, conductance-based astrocyte models with three distinct morphologies: unipolar; bipolar; and bifurcated-terminal. Glutamate induced localized responses, while dopamine activated all compartments. In the unipolar model, global dopaminergic stimulation reduced the threshold frequency of glutamatergic stimulation required to activate Ca2+ signals. Phase-plane analysis of a simplified version of this model revealed that Ca2+ signals are influenced by compartment radius and neurotransmitter type. Morphology significantly influenced glutamate-dopamine interactions. In the bipolar model, glutamatergic stimulation in one process minimally affected the other. Conversely, in the bifurcated-terminal model, where a single process bifurcates into two secondary processes, high-frequency glutamatergic stimulation in one secondary process evoked Ca2+ signals in the other. Dopamine further facilitated this latter cross-process interaction by lowering the glutamatergic stimulation frequency needed to elicit Ca2+ signals in the adjacent secondary process. These findings suggest that dopamine enhances the initiation and propagation of glutamate-evoked Ca2+ signals, with the extent of propagation depending on astrocytic morphology and the spatial distribution of glutamatergic inputs.
Estimating and visualising multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses within a radial framework
Authors: Spiller Wes , Bowden Jack , Sanderson Eleanor
Published: December 2024

Background

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical approach using genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects of a single exposure on an outcome. Multivariable MR (MVMR) extends this to estimate the direct effect of multiple exposures simulatiously. MR and MVMR can be biased by the presence of pleiotropic genetic variants in the set used as instrumental variables, violating one of the core IV assumptions. Genetic variants that give outlying estimates are often considered to be potentially pleiotropic variants. Radial plots can be used in MR to help identify these variants. Analogous plots for MVMR have so far been unavailable due to the multidimensional nature of the analysis.

Methods

We propose a radial formulation of MVMR, and an adapted Galbraith radial plot, which allows for the estimated effect of each exposure within an MVMR analysis to be visualised. Radial MVMR additionally includes an option for removal of outlying SNPs which may violate one or more assumptions of MVMR. A RMVMR R package is presented as accompanying software for implementing the methods described.

Results

We demonstrate the effectiveness of the radial MVMR approach through simulations and applied analyses. We highlight how outliers with respect to all exposures can be visualised and removed through Radial MVMR. We present simulations that illustrate how outlier removal decreases the bias in estimated effects under various forms of pleiotropy. We apply Radial MVMR to estimate the effect of lipid fractions on coronary heart disease (CHD). In combination with simulated examples, we highlight how important features of MVMR analyses can be explored using a range of tools incorporated within the RMVMR R package.

Conclusions

Radial MVMR effectively visualises causal effect estimates, and provides valuable diagnostic information with respect to the underlying assumptions of MVMR.
Optimization and analysis of rib working resistance in push-the-bit rotary steerable drilling system
Authors: Jia Jianbo , Sun Youhong , Gao Ke , Zhao Yan , Li Bing , Li Xu
Published: December 2024

The rib working resistance of push-the-bit rotary steerable drilling system seriously affects its dynamic performance. For example, the backing pressure problem caused by steps in the well wall during the working process of CNOOC Welleader static push-the-bit rotary steerable drilling tool is discussed in this paper. Based on the structure and working principle of CNOOC Welleader system, a corresponding theoretical model of force analysis is established, and an optimal design method to reduce the backing pressure problem is proposed in combination with numerical simulation and experimental research. The results show that changing the front chamfer area of Welleader system from circular arc to polyline is beneficial to reducing the backing pressure problem. The simulation results show that for steps of 1mm, 2mm and 3mm height, the optimal polyline angle is concentrated in the range of 10°-11°, in which the Angle of 10.5° has a good performance against the steps of three heights. Finally, by making corresponding test blocks, it was found that the peak value of forward resistance when the 10.5°test block crossed the steps of 1mm, 2mm and 3mm height decreased by 19.8%, 25.0% and 13.9% respectively, and the mean value decreased by 30.8%, 27.2% and 24.1% respectively, which was close to the simulation results, and verified the accuracy of the finite element analysis results.
Insight into the main determinants of the struggle against overweight and obesity in Chile: Use of random forest techniques and econometric models
Authors: Romo-Muñoz Francisca , Romo-Muñoz Rodrigo , Niklitschek-Soto Sebastián , Aguilera-Carrasco Cristhian , Gil José M.
Published: December 2024

Overweight and obesity are considered the greatest public health problem in this emerging country, which worldwide has the second-highest percentage of overweight people among its population. The objective of this work was to analyse to what extent factors traditionally used in the study of overweight and obesity (such as sociodemographic and behavioural) and new variables proposed in the literature (such as stress, financial stress and emotional support) explain this disease in the adult population of Chile. Data were obtained from the III National Health Survey (ENS) administered by the Ministry of Health of Chile in 2017. The ENS collected a large amount of data with extensive geographic coverage. The survey comprised 4 questionnaires with a total of 576 questions, which were applied to a representative sample of the population in Chile. A double complementary methodological approach was adopted. A random forest (RF) classification model was used, and based on the results obtained, an econometric model of the censored dependent variable, specifically the Heckman sample selection model, was specified and estimated. The RF results allowed, for each of the factors considered in the research, the selection of variables with the greatest power to classify the individuals in the sample on the basis of nutritional state (normal weight, overweight or obese). Subsequently, the estimation of the parameters of the Heckman model made it possible to quantify the variables that most affected overweight and obesity. Most of the variables that make up the factors were found to be significant. Interestingly, psychosocial variables effectively influence overweight and obesity. In addition, the results for reviewing nutritional information and reviewing food warnings allow us to reflect on the impact that recent food policies have had on the Chilean population. The combination of RF and an econometric model allowed us to capitalize on the strength of both models to better explain the complex phenomenon of overweight and obesity. This approach allowed us to more accurately confirm the impact of traditional factors on overweight and obesity but to show also that other psychosocial factors are relevant and should be consider in future studies.
Geographical mapping and temporal trends of Acinetobacter baumannii carbapenem resistance: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Beig Masoumeh , Parvizi Elnaz , Navidifar Tahereh , Bostanghadiri Narjes , Mofid Maryam , Golab Narges , Sholeh Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Background

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is of critical concern in healthcare settings, leading to limited treatment options. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of CRAB by examining temporal, geographic, and bias-related variations.

Methods

We systematically searched prominent databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI checklist. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the COVID-19 timeframes, years, countries, continents, and bias levels, antimicrobial susceptivity test method and guidelines.

Results

Our comprehensive meta-analysis, which included 795 studies across 80 countries from 1995 to 2023, revealed a surge in carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii, imipenem (76.1%), meropenem (73.5%), doripenem (73.0%), ertapenem (83.7%), and carbapenems (74.3%). Temporally, 2020–2023 witnessed significant peaks, particularly in carbapenems (81.0%) and meropenem (80.7%), as confirmed by meta-regression, indicating a steady upward trend.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis revealed an alarmingly high resistance rate to CRAB as a global challenge, emphasizing the urgent need for tailored interventions. Transparency, standardized methodologies, and collaboration are crucial for the accurate assessment and maintenance of carbapenem efficacy.
Unraveling the spatial distribution and influencing factors of ‘Bengke’ traditional houses in Luhuo County, Western Sichuan
Authors: Yu Siwei , Fan Ding , Ge Ma , Chen Zihang
Published: December 2024

The article examines the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional Tibetan “Bengke” residential architecture in Luhuo County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The study utilizes spatial statistical methods, including Average Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Getis-Ord Gi*, and Kernel Density Estimation, to identify significant clustering patterns of Bengke architecture. Spatial autocorrelation was tested using Moran’s Index, with results indicating no significant spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that the distribution mechanisms are complex and influenced by multiple factors. Additionally, exploratory data analysis (EDA), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and regression methods such as Lasso and Elastic Net were used to identify and validate key factors influencing the distribution of these buildings. The analysis reveals that road density, population density, economic development quality, and industrial structure are the most significant factors. The study also highlights that these factors vary in impact between high-density and low-density areas, depending on the regional environment. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the spatial patterns of Bengke architecture and provide valuable insights for the preservation and sustainable development of this cultural heritage.
Research on the impact of carbide slag content on the strength and microstructure of solidified sludge during composite excitation
Authors: Gong Shunmei , Wang Shiquan , Yang Xiangyi , Wang Haibin , Zheng Yili , Feng Songbao
Published: December 2024

A composite material was developed using carbide slag, water glass, slag, and micron silicon to facilitate the use of industrial waste resources. The mechanical properties of dredge sludge (DS) were analyzed, considering different proportions of cement, organic debris, and carbide slag. The composition and microstructure of the hydration products were analyzed using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results indicate that with a precursor content of 20%, a water glass content of 3%, and an increase in carbide slag content from 4% to 12%, the strength of the sample initially increases and subsequently drops at each age. With a carbide slag level of 8%, the combination of CaO in the slag and water glass stimulated the slag and micron silica, leading to the formation of gel substances such C-S-H and C-A-S-H. The soil particles exhibited increased density as a result of the cohesive properties of the gel products. Following a maintenance period of 28 days, the sample’s compressive strength rose to 2280 kPa. When the carbide slag level exceeds 8%, the presence of Ca(OH)2 in the mixture leads to the formation of carbonates, such as calcite, during the carbonization process. The organic matter subsequently undergoes a reaction with the Ca(OH)2 produced during the hydration of the mixture, leading to the formation of a highly soluble complex. As a result, only a limited quantity of calcium ions in the pore solution participate in the pozzolanic reaction, hence reducing the formation of gel reaction products such C-S-H.
Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khachatryan Lusine G. , Allahbakhsi Fatemeh , Vadiyan Diana E. , Mohammadian Mahdi
Published: December 2024

Background

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health concern affecting children globally. Recent studies suggest a potential association between the presence of Candida albicans (C. albicans) in the oral cavity and the risk of ECC, but findings have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between C. albicans and ECC.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies were included if they examined the presence of C. albicans and the occurrence or severity of dental caries in children. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Statistical analyses, including pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), were conducted to synthesize the findings.

Results

A total of 22 studies, involving 3301 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed a significant association between the presence of C. albicans and an increased likelihood of ECC, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 4.42 (95% CI: 3.14–6.24, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that factors such as geographic region, study design, and detection methods influenced the strength of this association. Studies conducted in Europe reported a stronger association (OR: 10.13, 95% CI: 6.01–17.09) compared to those in Asia (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 2.53–5.20) and the Americas (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.14–13.87). Case-control studies had a higher pooled OR (5.30, 95% CI: 1.72–16.31) compared to cross-sectional studies (4.30, 95% CI: 2.92–6.33). The odds of ECC in children with C. albicans were 4.08 (95% CI: 2.65–6.27) in dental plaque samples, 9.55 (95% CI: 2.17–42.01) in oral swab samples, and 4.70 (95% CI: 2.44–9.09) in saliva samples. No publication bias was observed based on Begg’s test (P-value = 0.612) and Egger’s test (P-value = 0.250).

Conclusions

The findings provide support for the hypothesis that C. albicans plays a role in the development of ECC. Moving forward, it is essential for future research to concentrate on comprehending the mechanisms that underlie this relationship and to develop specific strategies for prevention.
An application of COM-b model to explore factors influencing veterinarians’ antimicrobial prescription behaviors: Findings from a qualitative study in Bangladesh
Authors: Shano Shahanaj , Kalam Md Abul , Afrose Sharmin , Rahman Md. Sahidur , Akter Samira , Uddin Md Nasir , Jalal Faruk Ahmed , Dutta Pronesh , Ahmed Mithila , Kamal Khnd Md Mostafa , Hassan Mohammad Mahmudul , Nadimpalli Maya L.
Published: December 2024

The integration of behavioral theories in designing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions aimed at optimizing the antimicrobial prescription in veterinary practice is highly recommended. However, little is known about the factors that influence veterinarians’ antimicrobial behavior for food-producing animals in lower- and middle-income settings like Bangladesh. There is a large body of research on the factors that influence veterinarian behavior of prescribing antimicrobials, however, there is a need for more studies that use comprehensive behavior change models to develop and evaluate interventions. Applying the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation for Behavior (COM-B) model, this qualitative study attempted to address this gap by conducting 32 one-on-one semi-structured interviews with registered veterinarians in Bangladesh. In alignment with COM-B constructs and the theoretical domain framework (TDF), thematic analysis (both inductive and deductive inferences) was performed to analyze the data and identify underlying factors that influence veterinarians’ antimicrobial prescription behavior. We found that under "Capability,” factors such as knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); ability to handle complex disease conditions; ability to identify the appropriate antimicrobial type, routes of administration, and potential side effects influence prescription behavior by veterinarians. Under “Opportunity,” veterinarians’ prescription behavior was influenced by lack of laboratory testing facilities, poor farm biosecurity, farm management and location, farming conditions, impacts of climate change, the clinical history of animals and social influence from different actors including senior figures, peers, farmers, and other informal stakeholders. Under “Motivation,” national laws and guidelines serve as catalysts in reducing antimicrobial prescriptions. However, perceived consequences such as fear of treatment failure, losing clients, farmers’ reliance on informal service providers, and economic losses demotivate veterinarians from reducing the prescription of antimicrobials. Additionally, veterinarians feel that reducing the burden of AMR is a shared responsibility since many informal stakeholders are involved in the administration and purchase of these medicines. Based on our results, this study recommends incorporating the factors we identified into existing or novel AMS interventions. The behavior change wheel can be used as the guiding principle while designing AMS interventions to increase capability, opportunity and motivation to reduce antimicrobial over-prescription.
Management and prognostic prediction of pyogenic liver abscess in a Chinese tertiary hospital: Percutaneous needle aspiration vs catheter drainage
Authors: Zhang Shumeng , Xu Qiaomai , Liu Changhong , Wu Zhengjie , Chen Zhuoling , Gu Silan
Published: December 2024

Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) for PLA and to assess risk factors for unfavorable prognosis. This retrospective study was performed between 2017 to 2019 in a Chinese tertiary care hospital. We compared the therapeutic effectiveness of PNA versus PCD for PLA and analyzed the risk factors of treatment failure in PLA patients using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 445 patients with PLA were enrolled. The ultrasound-guided percutaneous treatment showed good therapeutic effects on PLA, with a total primary cure rate of 90.1%. PNA appeared to have advantages over PCD, with higher success rates, lower costs, and shorter hospital stays, as well as fewer puncture-induced pain, especially in patients with abscesses of 5–10 cm in diameter. The presence of positive blood culture (OR: 3.32, p = 0.002), liver cirrhosis (OR: 3.31, p = 0.023), and the length of fever resolution (OR: 1.043, p = 0.001) were independent predictors of primary treatment failure. PNA is more advantageous than PCD and is worth considering as a first-line treatment.
Right atrial volume index and right atrial volume predict atrial fibrillation recurrence: A meta-analysis
Authors: Han Jia-Ming , Xie Qian , Song Xiu-Ying , Ma Yu-lan
Published: December 2024

Background

Atrial volume index and atrial volume have recently been identified as predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence following electrical cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation. However, most studies have reported the relationship between LAVI/LAV and AF recurrence, whereas there is little information on the relationship between RAVI/RAV and AF recurrence. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between the risk of AF recurrence and RAVI/RAV in patients with AF who underwent electrical cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation.

Methods

CNKI, Wanfang Database, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to October 01, 2024. A meta-analysis of relative risk data from prospective and retrospective cohort studies that reported on the relationship between the risk of AF recurrence and RAVI/RAV in patients with AF after electrical cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation was performed.

Results

The results showed that patients with AF recurrence had a higher mean right atrial volume index (RAVI) compared to patients with no recurrence. After electrical cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation, RAVI can independently predict the recurrence of AF (OR = 1.06, 95%CI (1.02, 1.11)). The average right atrial volume (RAV) of patients with AF recurrence was higher than that of patients without AF recurrence. After electrical cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation, RAV can independently predict the recurrence of AF (OR = 1.02, 95%CI (1.00, 1.05)).

Conclusion

Patients with AF recurrence after electrical cardioversion or radio frequency ablation had higher mean RAVI and RAV compared to patients with no recurrence. After electrical cardioversion or radiofrequency ablation in patients with AF, higher levels of RAVI and RAV increase the chance of recurrence of AF.
Fatores geoambientais responsáveis pela formação e evolução de ravinas em ambiente Mediterrâneo – estudo de caso no Centro de Portugal
Authors: Martins Bruno , Pinheiro Catarina , Nunes Adélia , Hermenegildo Carlos , Bento-Gonçalves António
Published: December 2024

As ravinas são formas de erosão que contribuem para a perda e degradação do solo, especialmente em ambientes onde a sua conservação é difícil, como é o caso dos ambientes mediterrâneos. Por conseguinte, não é surpreendente que tenham sido feitos grandes esforços para compreender e quantificar os processos de erosão hídrica associada aos ravinamentos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que controlam a formação de ravinas no Centro de Portugal. Foram identificadas 38 ravinas, numa área de aproximadamente 11 km2, instaladas sobre mantos de alteração muito profundos. O comprimento médio, a largura máxima e a largura média das ravinas é de 105 m, 6,8 m e 3,8 m, respetivamente. A Análise de Grupos (AG) identificou dois grupos (Gr) de ravinas, diferenciados a partir de características morfológicas e geoambientais. O grupo Gr1 integra as ravinas maiores, localizadas em vertentes de maior declive. As ravinas Gr2 localizam-se a altitudes superiores e em vertentes de menor declive. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) identificou como principais fatores de controlo, o declive, o índice de rugosidade (IR) e a severidade do incêndio, ocorrido em 2017, após um ano. Dada a dimensão das ravinas e a probabilidade de incêndios florestais recorrentes afetarem a área de estudo, devem ser implementadas com urgência algumas práticas de controlo da erosão por ravinamento.
Prior to the place-based tourism experience: understanding how TripAdvisor can influence the visiting perception (National Railway Museum, Portugal)
Authors: Torres Germana , Carvalho Paulo
Published: December 2024

Railway museums, despite being one of the most relevant dimensions of railway tourism, present a limited number of studies, which is even more evident in the case of research on the role of online communication tools, namely the comments (favorable and unfavorable) made by social media participants regarding their tourist experience. The main objective of this study is to analyze the National Railway Museum's (Portugal) TripAdvisor to understand the visitor's perspective and the effect of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on (dis)satisfied consumers' perception influencing future (re)visitation. The research methodology used a qualitative analysis using Microsoft Excel, Dedoose, and WordItOut.com. We examined and related the netnographic data – reviews and uploaded images – in the assessment to discuss the importance of satisfaction for e-WOM recommendation and (re)visitation.  The results reveal compelling data on the relationship between satisfaction and recommendation, as well as the traveling situation and most exciting exhibition attractions, that museum managers should consider when willing to offer better visitor satisfaction and generate (higher) recommendations (e-WOM) and revisitation. Likewise, the results supply vital feedback so staff can improve their performance.
Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance: A Tool for Characterizing Total Organic Carbon in Water
Authors: Fitri Fariq
Published: December 2024

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is a key component of raw water that significantly influences water treatment processes and outcomes. Among the parameters used to evaluate TOC, Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance at 254 nm (UV-254) stands out as a crucial indicator. UV-254 measures the aromaticity of organic matter by normalizing UV absorbance at 254 nm to the organic carbon concentration in a water sample. This parameter provides valuable insights into the composition of organic matter, particularly the presence of aromatic compounds, which are more reactive with disinfectants during water treatment. For water operators, monitoring UV-254 is critical to ensuring effective water treatment and minimizing the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs). These DBPs form when disinfectants, like chlorine, react with organic matter, particularly its aromatic components. Elevated levels of DBPs pose health risks and may lead to regulatory violations, making proactive monitoring of UV-254 essential for compliance with water quality standards.
La tetralogía Dos amigas de Elena Ferrante: una novela de aprendizaje femenina del siglo XXI
Authors: Castano María Belén
Published: December 2024

La propuesta se consiste en analizar los elementos vinculados con la novela de aprendizaje presentes en la tetralogía Dos amigas de Elena Ferrante que comprende las obras: La amiga estupenda (2011), Un mal nombre (2012); Las deudas del cuerpo (2013) y La niña perdida (2014).
Se explorarán las trayectorias de las protagonistas de Dos Amigas vinculadas a la tradición literaria de las novelas de aprendizaje femeninas con el propósito de identificar los giros y recursos narrativos que evidencian un quiebre con las heroínas femeninas analizadas en el siglo XX. El objetivo de identificar los aspectos formales relacionados con el proceso de formación de los sujetos femeninos en la obra de Ferrante se relaciona con la actualidad de su propuesta, que subvierte los modelos analizados por la crítica literaria feminista de los años setenta y que plantea complejas discusiones afines a los debates feministas del siglo XXI.
La place de la formation dans la structuration du milieu des communicant·e·s politiques au Brésil et en France
Authors: Moreira Cesar Camila
Published: December 2024

Cet article s’intéresse à la place de la formation dans la structuration du milieu des communicant·es politiques au Brésil et en France. La méthodologie adoptée comprend la réalisation, entre 2015 et 2019, de 22 entretiens à caractère ethnographique auprès de communicant·es politiques ayant travaillé pour des président·es et ministres français·ses et brésilien·nes. Les résultats montrent que ces acteurs sont majoritairement journalistes de carrière au Brésil, tandis que des parcours plus généralistes prédominent en France. Ces différences en termes de formation associées à celles relatives à leurs parcours personnels et professionnels, notamment dans le journalisme et la politique, respectivement, participent à la cristallisation de conceptions autour de l’activité de communicant·e politique différentes repérables dans les discours des praticien·nes interrogé·es dans les deux pays.
Tour d’horizon et retour critique sur les typologies de rôles et de compétences des responsables de la communication produites entre 1982 à 2022
Authors: Lambotte François , Cotton Anne-Marie
Published: December 2024

Dans le cadre de ce numéro anniversaire, nous proposons de revenir sur les typologies issues de la littérature scientifique et d’interroger leur rôle dans l’institutionnalisation des fonctions et compétences des professionnel·le·s de la communication. Nous réalisons un historique de l’évolution des typologies depuis un demi-siècle. Cet état de l’art met en exergue l’élargissement progressif des compétences et rôles endossés par les professionnel·le·s de la communication et dans un second temps l’épaisseur des compétences - tant humaine que réflexive - qui a enrichi les typologies plus récentes. Dans la discussion, nous nous questionnons sur la façon dont cette évolution du spectre des compétences se reflète dans la diffusion des résultats de l’enquête annuelle du European Communication Monitor (de 2008 à 2018) qui bénéficie d’une grande notoriété auprès des professionnels. Nous constatons la domination de la figure d’excellence stratégique en communication dans ces discours et prônons une plus grande diversité dans les typologies mises en lumière auprès des professionnels en juste miroir de la diversité de leurs réalités.
Micha Ullman
Authors: časopisu Redakce
Published: December 2024

Tento text si klade za cíl předvést důležitou edukační interpretační praxi,která souvisí s analýzou edukovaného díla, totiž s budováním zdůvodněnéhokontextu pro vybranou strategii. V první části textu Micha Ullman: sochyna rozhraní nebe – země prozkoumáme dílo autora, který začal tvořit v se-dmdesátých letech a jeho tvorba je kontinuálně vystavována.V druhé části Strategie a její variace: nalezení shodného při vědomí odliš-ností teoreticky zakotvíme odlišnost mezi konkrétní praxí autora a strategiíjako objevenou obecninou. Objevovat strategie, umět je chápat ve spojitostis určitou dobou, znamená, že při významných shodách zároveň zazname-náváme odlišnosti a vsazujeme jev do adekvátního kontextu. Je to jednakvelmi účinná edukativní možnost, jak chápat dějiny oboru v souvislostecha trsech a neutápět se v jednotlivých případech autorských řešení, ale takémožnost, jak pro jednotlivé autory získat výkladový rámec porovnáváníma vyhledáváním shod při podstatných odlišnostech s jinými.
Optimization of cold chain multimodal transportation routes considering carbon emissions under hybrid uncertainties
Authors: Hou D.N. , Liu S.C.
Published: December 2024

As the third largest greenhouse gas emission industry across the globe, the transportation industry dominates a major position in the total carbon emission. Multimodal transportation has incomparable advantages over single-modal transportation, and choosing transportation routes and modes under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is crucial. The uncertainties of demand and transportation time were described using the maximum regret value and Lyapunov central limit theorem, respectively, and a robust optimization model for cold chain multimodal transportation routes considering hybrid uncertainty of carbon emissions was established. Then, a dual-pheromone ant colony algorithm was designed, and the improved niche genetic algorithm was nested into the ant colony algorithm to solve the model. Results showed that the changes in transportation time and node transfer time lead to the changes in transportation cost and transportation scheme, and the robust optimization of the multimodal transportation route under hybrid uncertainties is affected by the regret value constraint and the fluctuation range of uncertain factors, resulting in the increase in transportation cost and carbon emission cost. Therefore, the decision-makers of cold chain multimodal transportation must predict the influence of uncertain factors, choose the appropriate maximum regret value, and pay attention to the mixed time window constraints of transportation time and node transfer time to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Enhancing workplace safety and ergonomics with motion capture systems: Present state and a case study
Authors: Vujica Herzog N. , Buchmeister B. , Jaehyun P. , Kaya O.
Published: December 2024

A motion capture system (MoCap) records and tracks the real-time movements of objects or people, generating data that can also be used for ergonomic analysis. Using specialised cameras and sensors, these systems translate movements into digital data that can animate figures or objects in a digital environment. While they are widely used in industries such as film, video games, sports, virtual reality and biomechanics, MoCap systems can also be used in the ergonomic design of workplaces. These systems allow researchers to analyse human movements, identify risks such as repetitive movements, awkward postures or excessive forces and develop solutions to improve safety, comfort and performance. The collected data helps to optimise workplace design, products and processes, reduce musculoskeletal disorders and improve well-being. Recent advancements have made motion capture systems highly sophisticated and capable of recognising subtle movements and expressions with exceptional precision. This paper consists of two parts: a concise literature review and a case study. The literature review explores the application of advanced human motion capture technologies in manufacturing and highlights their potential for ergonomic improvements. The case study illustrates these applications and provides practical insights into how motion capture can transform the design and functionality of workplaces.
Optimizing obstacle avoidance path planning for intelligent mobile robots in multi-obstacle environments
Authors: Zhang H.Q.
Published: December 2024

To enhance the obstacle avoidance capabilities of intelligent mobile robots in environments with multiple obstacles, a method for optimal path planning has been developed and analysed. Multi-obstacle scene maps were generated using the safety boundary condition method and envelope method, with obstacle distribution abstractly represented by an obstacle rate. The robot's pose and orientation were determined through the application of Adaptive Monte Carlo localization. Speed sampling was conducted to identify the optimal speed combination, establishing a set of candidate trajectories. A trajectory evaluation function was constructed, and the trajectory with the highest score was selected. The improved A* algorithm was integrated into the evaluation function, incorporating the obstacle rate to refine path planning. To eliminate redundant sections, a key point extraction algorithm was employed to adjust and smooth the path, ensuring optimal obstacle avoidance. The proposed approach demonstrated superior performance, achieving a shorter planned path, a rapid obstacle avoidance reaction time of 32 milliseconds, a 100 % success rate in obstacle avoidance, and a path smoothness of 97 %. These results indicate that the method is highly effective for obstacle avoidance, with significant improvements in both safety and efficiency.