bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absorption Spectra as Predictors of Algal Biomass and Pigment Content of the Cultured Microalgae Amphidinium carterae, Isochrysis galbana, Nephroselmis sp., and Anabaena sp.
Authors: Hotos George N. , Bekiari Vlasoula
Published: September 2023

Background: In the search of a rapid and representative method for the approximate calculation of culture density and cell content of useful pigments, the study of absorption spectra of cultures of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae, the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana, the chlorophyte Nephroselmis sp., and the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. were selected as representative species of different taxa. Methods: The experimental cultures were established in small volumes by the discontinuous method under 20–21 °C, salinity of 30 or 40 ppt, and 2000 or 8000 lux illumination, and the absorbance spectra, density of the culture and concentration of the extracted pigments chlorophyll, total carotenoids, and phycocyanin were recorded during cultivation. Results: Algal density can be predicted sufficiently correctly because the regression equation of the correlation of the OD value of 750 nm from each absorption spectrum and the measured algal biomass was very strong. The same is true for the corresponding correlations between OD 750 nm and the detected pigments. Conclusions: Absorption spectra of microalgal cultures can be a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method for the growers to obtain the necessary information for predicting the right time to collect an ideal combination of maximum biomass and useful pigments, provided that the interpretation of the spectra is performed according to the method described herein.
The Maize Caterpillar Mythimna (= Leucania) loreyi (Duponchel, 1827) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Identification, Distribution, Population Density and Damage in Tunisia
Authors: Mediouni Ben Jemâa Jouda , Soltani Abir , Djebbi Tasnim , Mejri Ines , Kanyesigye Dalton , Otim Michael Hilary
Published: September 2023

Surveys were conducted during 2020 and 2021 to study the emerging lepidopteran pests inflicting cereals in Tunisia, with specific emphasis on maize and sorghum crops. A species was collected from traps placed in the Jendouba, Bizerte, Nabeul and Gabes regions. Thus, this study carried out first report on its identification, distribution, population density and damage. Results showed that M. loreyi was abundant in all prospected areas, with total adult captures reaching 4779 and 9499 moths on sorghum and maize, respectively, during 2020. Moreover, the mean infestation percentage reached its maximum during August at 31.05% and 20.69% for the Jendouba and Bizerte regions, respectively, while the highest infestations were observed in the Gabes and Nabeul regions during July, with respective mean values of 13.54% and 21.35%. In addition, results revealed that the highest pest incidence occurred in the Gabes region, with values of 11.1 ± 0.47 and 5.7 ± 0.48 during 2020 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, results pointed out that M. loreyi achieved two summer generations in the different localities of Tunisia. Overall, this study provides basic insights into the ecology and population biology of M. loreyi, which are required to establish an effective pest control program.
Noninvasive Assessment of Impaired Gas Exchange with the Alveolar Gas Monitor Predicts Clinical Deterioration in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: McGuire W. Cameron , Pearce Alex K. , Elliott Ann R. , Fine Janelle M. , West John B. , Crouch Daniel R. , Prisk G. Kim , Malhotra Atul
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic magnified the importance of gas exchange abnormalities in early respiratory failure. Pulse oximetry (SpO2) has not been universally effective for clinical decision-making, possibly because of limitations. The alveolar gas monitor (AGM100) adds exhaled gas tensions to SpO2 to calculate the oxygen deficit (OD). The OD parallels the alveolar-to-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2) in outpatients with cardiopulmonary disease. We hypothesized that the OD would discriminate between COVID-19 patients who require hospital admission and those who are discharged home, as well as predict need for supplemental oxygen during the index hospitalization. Methods: Patients presenting with dyspnea and COVID-19 were enrolled with informed consent and had OD measured using the AGM100. The OD was then compared between admitted and discharged patients and between patients who required supplemental oxygen and those who did not. The OD was also compared to SpO2 for each of these outcomes using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Thirty patients were COVID-19 positive and had complete AGM100 data. The mean OD was significantly (p = 0.025) higher among those admitted 50.0 ± 20.6 (mean ± SD) vs. discharged 27.0 ± 14.3 (mean ± SD). The OD was also significantly (p < 0.0001) higher among those requiring supplemental oxygen 60.1 ± 12.9 (mean ± SD) vs. those remaining on room air 25.2 ± 11.9 (mean ± SD). ROC curves for the OD demonstrated very good and excellent sensitivity for predicting hospital admission and supplemental oxygen administration, respectively. The OD performed better than an SpO2 threshold of <94%. Conclusions: The AGM100 is a novel, noninvasive way of measuring impaired gas exchange for clinically important endpoints in COVID-19.
Clinical Features of Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome with Hydrothorax
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Yin Jingwen , Yang Rui , Yang Shuo , Li Jia , Wang Yang , Li Rong
Published: September 2023

Problem: Does the presence of hydrothorax suggest that severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is associated with more severe conditions and worse pregnancy outcomes? Method of study: The clinical data for 868 hospital patients with severe OHSS following IVF-ET at Peking University Third Hospital between 1 January 2016 and 21 July 2021 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two groups, the ascites alone group (n = 417) and the ascites combined with hydrothorax group (n = 451), to investigate the clinical features and pregnancy outcomes of patients with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) combined with hydrothorax plus ascites. Results: The clinical data for 868 hospital patients with severe OHSS following IVF-ET were included. A total of 51.96% of patients with severe OHSS had hydrothorax plus ascites, mainly bilateral and moderate hydrothorax. Most cases with hydrothorax could be monitored and observed, and only 2.66% of the cases required thoracentesis and pleural drainage. Clinically, the time to visit due to worsening symptoms was longer; the hospital stay was shorter; and the OHSS-related laboratory tests, such as white blood cells (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), and ovarian diameter, were less severe in the ascites combined with hydrothorax group than in the ascites alone group. For live-birth outcomes of IVF-ET, the presence and the volume of hydrothorax were not independent risk factors, while the late onset of OHSS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.857 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.795, 0.925) and a history of foetal reduction (OR: 13.796 95% CI: 1.808, 105.288) were independent protective factors for live birth. Conclusions: Patients with severe OHSS combined with hydrothorax plus ascites have less severe clinical manifestations and laboratory tests than those with ascites alone. The presence and the volume of hydrothorax are unrelated to live-birth outcomes following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).
Cardiac CT in CRT as a Singular Imaging Modality for Diagnosis and Patient-Tailored Management
Authors: Gerrits Willem , Danad Ibrahim , Velthuis Birgitta , Mushtaq Saima , Cramer Maarten J. , van der Harst Pim , van Slochteren Frebus J. , Meine Mathias , Suchá Dominika , Guglielmo Marco
Published: September 2023

Between 30–40% of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) do not show an improvement in left ventricular (LV) function. It is generally known that patient selection, LV lead implantation location, and device timing optimization are the three main factors that determine CRT response. Research has shown that image-guided CRT placement, which takes into account both anatomical and functional cardiac properties, positively affects the CRT response rate. In current clinical practice, a multimodality imaging approach comprised of echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, or nuclear medicine imaging is used to capture these features. However, with cardiac computed tomography (CT), one has an all-in-one acquisition method for both patient selection and the division of a patient-tailored, image-guided CRT placement strategy. This review discusses the applicability of CT in CRT patient identification, selection, and guided placement, offering insights into potential advancements in optimizing CRT outcomes.
Prevention of Inflammation, Neovascularization, and Retinal Dysfunction by Kinin B1 Receptor Antagonism in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Bhat Menakshi , Shirzad Shima , Fofana Abdel-Rahamane Kader , Gobeil Fernand , Couture Réjean , Vaucher Elvire
Published: September 2023

The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) contributes to vascular inflammation and neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), particularly via the kinin B1 receptor (B1R). The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of the topical administration of the B1R antagonist (R-954) on inflammation, neovascularization, and retinal dysfunction in a murine model of neovascular AMD. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was induced in C57BL6 mice using an argon laser. A treatment with ocular drops of R-954 (100 μg/15 μL, twice daily in both eyes), or vehicle, was started immediately on day 0, for 7, 14, or 21 days. CNV, invasive microglia, and B1R immunoreactive glial cells, as well as electroretinography alterations, were observed within the retina and choroid of the CNV group but not in the control group. The staining of B1R was abolished by R-954 treatment as well as the proliferation of microglia. R-954 treatment prevented the CNV development (volume: 20 ± 2 vs. 152 ± 5 × 104 µm3 in R-954 vs. saline treatment). R-954 also significantly decreased photoreceptor and bipolar cell dysfunction (a-wave amplitude: −47 ± 20 vs. −34 ± 14 µV and b-wave amplitude: 101 ± 27 vs. 64 ± 17 µV in R-954 vs. saline treatment, day 7) as well as angiogenesis tufts in the retina. These results suggest that self-administration of R-954 by eye-drop treatment could be a promising therapy in AMD to preserve retinal health and vision.
Ecosystem Service Value Evaluation and Spatial Function Change under Town and Village Layout Planning: A Case of Jintan District
Authors: Hu Yi , Li Manchun , Jiang Penghui
Published: September 2023

This study proposes a systematic classification of production–living–ecological function indicators based on ecosystem services, thereby clarifying the spatial functions of villages. Based on the land use change survey data of the Jintan District in 2012 and 2018, the ecological impact of town and village layout planning in Jintan District was analysed by using a quantitative measurement model of ecosystem services. The findings revealed that the ecosystem service value (ESV) decreased by 792 million CNY in the Jintan District, with the largest decrease in water ecosystem services valued at 700 million CNY and in hydrological regulation valued at 576 million CNY. A clear regional difference in ESV was observed, with villages on the east and west coasts of Changdang Lake being higher-value areas and most villages or communities in urban areas being lower-value areas. The areas of cultivated land, construction land, and unused land have increased, while land types with higher ecosystem service value coefficients, such as wetland, water area, and grassland, have declined. The spatial pattern of production and living functions was quite similar, while there was a significant spatial aggregation characteristic of ecological functions.
Pitting Influence on Electrical Capacitance in EHL Rolling Contacts
Authors: Zaiat Anatoly , Ibrahim Karim , Kirchner Eckhard
Published: September 2023

This work presents an investigation on the influence of pitting in EHL rolling contact. The pitting geometry comes as an extension on the architecture for multi-physical numerical calculations of rolling element bearing contacts based on OpenFOAM. The model utilized is built according to the state-of-the-art for fluid–solid interaction and electro-quasi-static fields. In this framework, the contact is reduced to be two dimensional in order to reduce the computing costs needed. The changes in the electric properties, which are caused by pittings, are measured using the electric capacitance of the contact and put in perspective with regard to the EHL contacts geometry. The investigation delivers an evaluation on how surface degradation, in both the pitting width w and pitting depth d of the contact, affects the electric properties. It can be seen that the maximum deviations with different reduced radii for the same pitting structures are around 5% and would therefore hardly be distinguishable with corresponding measurements. By comparing the same data for the same ratio of pitting width to reduced radius, on the other hand, differences of up to 50% can be seen.
Statistical Considerations for Analyzing Data Derived from Long Longitudinal Cohort Studies
Authors: Fernández-Iglesias Rocío , Martínez-Camblor Pablo , Tardón Adonina , Fernández-Somoano Ana
Published: September 2023

Modern science is frequently based on the exploitation of large volumes of information storage in datasets and involving complex computational architectures. The statistical analyses of these datasets have to cope with specific challenges and frequently involve making informed but arbitrary decisions. Epidemiological papers have to be concise and focused on the underlying clinical or epidemiological results, not reporting the details behind relevant methodological decisions. In this work, we used an analysis of the cardiovascular-related measures tracked in 4–8-year-old children, using data from the INMA-Asturias cohort for illustrating how the decision-making process was performed and its potential impact on the obtained results. We focused on two particular aspects of the problem: how to deal with missing data and which regression model to use to evaluate tracking when there are no defined thresholds to categorize variables into risk groups. As a spoiler, we analyzed the impact on our results of using multiple imputation and the advantage of using quantile regression models in this context.
An Innovative Numerical Method Utilizing Novel Cubic B-Spline Approximations to Solve Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Ali Ishtiaq , Yaseen Muhammad , Abdullah Muhammad , Khan Sana , Belgacem Fethi Bin Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Burgers’ equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that appears in various areas of physics and engineering. Finding accurate and efficient numerical methods to solve this equation is crucial for understanding complex fluid flow phenomena. In this study, we propose a spline-based numerical technique for the numerical solution of Burgers’ equation. The space derivative is discretized using cubic B-splines with new approximations for the second order. Typical finite differences are used to estimate the time derivative. Additionally, the scheme undergoes a stability study to ensure minimal error accumulation, and its convergence is investigated. The primary advantage of this scheme is that it generates an approximate solution as a smooth piecewise continuous function, enabling approximation at any point within the domain. The scheme is subjected to a numerical study, and the obtained results are compared to those previously reported in the literature to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Overall, this study aims to contribute to the development of efficient and accurate numerical methods for solving Burgers’ equation. The spline-based approach presented herein has the potential to advance our understanding of complex fluid flow phenomena and facilitate more reliable predictions in a range of practical applications.
The Low-FODMAP Diet, IBS, and BCFAs: Exploring the Positive, Negative, and Less Desirable Aspects—A Literature Review
Authors: Nikolaki Maroulla D. , Kasti Arezina N. , Katsas Konstantinos , Petsis Konstantinos , Lambrinou Sophia , Patsalidou Vasiliki , Stamatopoulou Sophia , Karlatira Katerina , Kapolos John , Papadimitriou Konstantinos , Triantafyllou Konstantinos
Published: September 2023

The literature about the association of branched short-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is limited. BCFAs, the bacterial products of the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, are proposed as markers for colonic protein fermentation. IBS is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by low-grade inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. The low-FODMAP diet (LFD) has increasingly been applied as first-line therapy for managing IBS symptoms, although it decreases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), well known for their anti-inflammatory action. In parallel, high protein consumption increases BCFAs. Protein fermentation alters the colonic microbiome through nitrogenous metabolites production, known for their detrimental effects on the intestinal barrier promoting inflammation. Purpose: This review aims to explore the role of BCFAs on gut inflammation in patients with IBS and the impact of LFD in BCFAs production. Methods: A literature search was carried out using a combination of terms in scientific databases. Results: The included studies have contradictory findings about how BCFAs affect the intestinal health of IBS patients. Conclusions: Although evidence suggests that BCFAs may play a protective role in gut inflammation, other metabolites of protein fermentation are associated with gut inflammation. Further research is needed in order to clarify how diet protein composition and, consequently, the BCFAs are implicated in IBS pathogenesis or in symptoms management with LFD+.
High Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MIP-1α One Month after the Onset of the Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Predictors of Post COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Alonso-Domínguez Jacobo , Gallego-Rodríguez María , Martínez-Barros Inés , Calderón-Cruz Beatriz , Leiro-Fernández Virginia , Pérez-González Alexandre , Poveda Eva
Published: September 2023

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has left behind a new symptomatology called post COVID-19, or “long COVID”. The pathophysiological mechanisms still remain controversial; however, a link between persistent inflammation and these sequelae has been suggested. Herein, we longitudinally assessed up- and downstream molecules of the NLRP3 inflammasome’s pathway in three study groups: healthy donors (HC, n = 14) and donors with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who had been hospitalized, the latter divided into post COVID-19 (PC, n = 27) and non-post COVID-19 patients (nPC, n = 27) based on the presence or absence of symptomatology at month 6, respectively. Plasma cytokines (IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IP-10, MIG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MIP-1α and MIP-1β) and total peroxide (TPX) levels were quantified at baseline and at months 1 and 6 after the onset of the infection. Baseline values were the highest for both TPX and cytokines that progressively decreased thereafter the acute infection. IL-1β, MIP-1α and TNF-α at month 1 were the only cytokines that showed a significant difference between nPC and PC. These findings suggest that a persistent inflammatory state one month after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection related to specific cytokines (IL-1β, MIP-1α, and TNF-α) might guide to predicting post COVID-19 symptomatology.
Study of Ecological Relationship of Yeast Species with Candida albicans in the Context of Vulvovaginal Infections
Authors: Caetano Cátia Filipa , Gaspar Carlos , Oliveira Ana Sofia , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Rita , Rodrigues Lisa , Gonçalves Teresa , Martinez-de-Oliveira José , Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana , Rolo Joana
Published: September 2023

The role of the fungal community, the mycobiota, in the health of the vagina is currently an important area of research. The emergence of new sequencing technologies and advances in bioinformatics made possible the discovery of novel fungi inhabiting this niche. Candida spp. constitutes the most important group of opportunistic pathogenic fungi, being the most prevalent fungal species in vulvovaginal infections. However, fungi such as Rhodotorula spp., Naganishia spp. and Malassezia spp. have emerged as potential pathogens in this niche, and therefore it is clinically relevant to understand their ecological interaction with Candida spp. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of yeasts on Candida albicans’ pathogenicity, focusing on in-vitro growth, and biofilm formation at different times of co-culture and germ tube formation. The assays were performed with isolated species or with co-cultures of C. albicans (ATCC10231) with one other yeast species: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (DSM13621), Malassezia furfur (DSM6170) or Naganishia albida (DSM70215). The results showed that M. furfur creates a symbiotic relationship with C. albicans, enhancing the growth rate of the co-culture (149.69%), and of germ tube formation of C. albicans (119.8%) and inducing a higher amount of biofilm biomass of the co-culture, both when mixed (154.1%) and preformed (166.8%). As for the yeasts R. mucilaginosa and N. albida, the relationship is antagonistic (with a significant decrease in all assays), thus possibly repressing the mixture’s pathogenicity. These results shed light on the complex interactions between yeasts in the vaginal mycobiome.
Microbiological Etiology in Patients with IE Undergoing Surgery and for Patients with Medical Treatment Only: A Nationwide Study from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Graversen Peter Laursen , Østergaard Lauge , Voldstedlund Marianne , Wandall-Holm Malthe Faurschou , Smerup Morten Holdgaard , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup
Published: September 2023

Microbiological etiology has been associated with surgery for infective endocarditis (IE) during admission, especially Staphylococcus aureus. We aimed to compare patient characteristics, microbiological characteristics, and outcomes by treatment choice (surgery or not). We identified patients with first-time IE between 2010 and 2020 and examined the microbiological etiology of IE according to treatment choice. To identify factors associated with surgery during initial admission, we used the Aalen–Johansen estimator and an adjusted cause-specific Cox model. One-year mortality stratified by microbiological etiology and treatment choice was assessed using unadjusted Kaplan–Meier estimates and an adjusted Cox proportional hazard model. A total of 6255 patients were included, of which 1276 (20.4%) underwent surgery during admission. Patients who underwent surgery were younger (65 vs. 74 years) and less frequently had cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Patients with Staphylococcus aureus IE were less likely to undergo surgery during admission (13.6%) compared to all other microbiological etiologies. One-year mortality according to microbiological etiology in patients who underwent surgery was 7.0%, 5.3%, 5.5%, 9.6%, 13.2, and 11.2% compared with 24.2%, 19.1%, 27,6%, 25.2%, 21%, and 16.9% in patients who received medical therapy for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococci, “other microbiological etiologies”, and blood culture-negative infective endocarditis, respectively. Patients with IE who underwent surgery differed in terms of microbiology, more often having Streptococci than those who received medical therapy. Contrary to expectations, Staphylococcus aureus was more common among patients who received medical therapy only.
The Lateral Metalation of Isoxazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinones towards Hit-to-Lead Development of Selective Positive Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Gates Christina A. , Backos Donald S. , Reigan Philip , Natale Nicholas R.
Published: September 2023

Isoxazolo[3,4-d] pyridazinones ([3,4-d]s) were previously shown to have selective positive modulation at the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) Subtypes 2 and 4, with no functional cross-reactivity at mGluR1a, mGluR5, or mGluR8. Additional analogs were prepared to access more of the allosteric pocket and achieve higher binding affinity, as suggested by homology modeling. Two different sets of analogs were generated. One uses the fully formed [3,4-d] with an N6-aryl with and without halogens. These underwent successful selective lateral metalation and electrophilic quenching (LM&EQ) at the C3 of the isoxazole. In a second set of analogs, a phenyl group was introduced at the C4 position of the [3,4-d] ring via a condensation of 4-phenylacetyl-3-ethoxcarbonyl-5-methyl isoxazole with the corresponding hydrazine to generate the 3,4-ds 2b and 2j to 2n.
Establishment and Characterization of the First Chinese National Standard for Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology Assays for Hepatitis E Virus Nucleic Acid Detection
Authors: Li Manyu , Wang Yan , Li Kejian , Hao Xiaotian , Zhou Haiwei
Published: September 2023

The detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA is the gold standard for HEV infection diagnosis. In order to address the quality control requirements for HEV RNA detection kits within China, we aimed to establish the first Chinese national standard for HEV RNA detection through a collaborative study. The candidate standard was quantified using digital PCR (dPCR). A total of five laboratories were invited to determine the estimated mean value of this national standard relative to the World Health Organization International Standard (WHO IS). Additionally, four commercial kits were used to assess the applicability of the candidate standard. The stability was determined by freeze–thaw cycles and storage at 37 °C, 25 °C and 4 °C. The estimated mean value of this national standard relative to the WHO IS was 5.67 log10 IU/mL. Two out of the four commercial kits can detect as low as the estimated limit of detection (LOD). The degradation rates of samples in the stability study ranged from 4% to 19%. In conclusion, we have established the first Chinese national standard for HEV nucleic acid detection against WHO IS, which can be employed to evaluate the quality of HEV RNA detection kits.
Histological Alterations in Placentas of Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Patiño Escarcina Jesus Enrique , da Silva Ana Keila Carvalho Vieira , Medeiros Malú Oliveira de Araújo , Fernandes Stephanie Santos Santana , Agareno Luiza Andrade , Garboggini Louise Andrade , Gouveia Marcela de Sá , Duarte Vanessa Campos , Morbeck Diogo Lago , Moreira Lícia Maria Oliveira
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in placentas. A case series of anatomopathological analysis was conducted on the placentas of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 who delivered between March and December 2020 at Santo Amaro Hospital (HSA) in Salvador, Brazil. Out of the 29 placentas examined, the median weight was 423.0 (IQR: 385.0–521.0) g. Among them, 58.3% (n = 14) had inadequate weight relative to the newborn’s weight. The histopathological findings revealed that 86.2% (n = 25) of the placentas had poorly defined lobes, and the fetal and maternal surface color was normal in 89.7% (n = 26) and 93.1% (n = 27), respectively. Additionally, 51.7% (n = 15) of the umbilical cords displayed hypercoiling. The most frequent microscopic finding was infarction, present in 35.3% (n = 6) of the cases, followed by 11.8% (n = 2) for each of chorioamnionitis, chronic villitis, focal perivillositis, and laminar necrosis. Analysis of the umbilical cords identified 23.5% (n = 4) cases of intervillous thrombosis, while amnion analysis showed 13.8% (n = 4) cases of squamous metaplasia. Extraplacental membrane examination revealed fibrin deposition in 93.1% (n = 27) of the cases, necrosis in 62.0% (n = 18), calcifications in 51.7% (n = 15), cysts in 37.9% (n = 11), neutrophilic exudate in 17.2% (n = 5), thrombosis in 13.7% (n = 4), and delayed placental maturation in 6.9% (n = 2). All analyzed placentas exhibited histopathological changes, primarily vascular and inflammatory, which indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection in term pregnancies. These alterations could be associated with impaired placental function, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and prematurity. However, further prospective studies are required to validate the type, prevalence, and prognosis of each of these changes.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Catharanthus roseus Receptor-like Kinase 1-like Proteins in Eggplant
Authors: Ma Wenpeng , Du Juan , Yu Xinlong , Chen Kai , Ming Yucheng , Jiang Libo , Chen Tong , Ji Dongchao
Published: September 2023

As an important member of the plant receptor-like kinases, Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) plays vital roles in plant growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stress response. Numerous CrRLK1Ls have been identified and analyzed in various plant species, while our knowledge about eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) CrRLK1Ls is still scarce. Utilizing state-of-the-art genomic data, we conducted the first genome-wide identification and analysis of CrRLK1L proteins in eggplant. In this study, 32 CrRLK1L proteins were identified and analyzed in eggplant. A subsequent gene structure and protein domain analysis showed that the identified eggplant CrRLK1Ls possessed typical features of CrRLK1Ls. A subcellular localization prediction demonstrated that these proteins mostly localized on the plasma membrane. A collinearity analysis showed that some eggplant CrRLK1L genes had predicted intraspecies or interspecies evolutionary duplication events. Promoter analysis suggests that eggplant CrRLK1Ls may be involved in plant hormone signaling, host–pathogen interactions, and environmental responses. Based on transcriptomic gene expression analysis, it is indicated that eggplant CrRLK1Ls may be involved in the resistance response of eggplant to Botrytis cinerea. Together, these results will give us a theoretical foundation and guidance for elaborating the biological functions of CrRLK1Ls in eggplant growth, development, and resistance response.
An Optimization Method of Deep Transfer Learning for Vegetation Segmentation under Rainy and Dry Season Differences in a Dry Thermal Valley
Authors: Chen Yayong , Zhou Beibei , Ye Dapeng , Cui Lei , Feng Lei , Han Xiaojie
Published: September 2023

Deep learning networks might require re-training for different datasets, consuming significant manual labeling and training time. Transfer learning uses little new data and training time to enable pre-trained network segmentation in relevant scenarios (e.g., different vegetation images in rainy and dry seasons); however, existing transfer learning methods lack systematicity and controllability. So, an MTPI method (Maximum Transfer Potential Index method) was proposed to find the optimal conditions in data and feature quantity for transfer learning (MTPI conditions) in this study. The four pre-trained deep networks (Seg-Net (Semantic Segmentation Networks), FCN (Fully Convolutional Networks), Mobile net v2, and Res-Net 50 (Residual Network)) using the rainy season dataset showed that Res-Net 50 had the best accuracy with 93.58% and an WIoU (weight Intersection over Union) of 88.14%, most worthy to transfer training in vegetation segmentation. By obtaining each layer’s TPI performance (Transfer Potential Index) of the pre-trained Res-Net 50, the MTPI method results show that the 1000-TDS and 37-TP were estimated as the best training speed with the smallest dataset and a small error risk. The MTPI transfer learning results show 91.56% accuracy and 84.86% WIoU with 90% new dataset reduction and 90% iteration reduction, which is informative for deep networks in segmentation tasks between complex vegetation scenes.
Harnessing the Bioactive Potential of Limonium spathulatum (Desf.) Kuntze: Insights into Enzyme Inhibition and Phytochemical Profile
Authors: Youssef Seria , Custódio Luisa , Rodrigues Maria João , Pereira Catarina G. , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Jekő József , Cziáky Zoltán , Ben Hamed Karim
Published: September 2023

This study assessed the halophyte species Limonium spathulatum (Desf.) as a possible source of natural ingredients with the capacity to inhibit enzymes related to relevant human health disorders and food browning. Extracts using food-grade solvents such as water and ethanol were prepared by maceration from dried L. spathulatum leaves. They were evaluated for in vitro inhibition activity of enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, tyrosinase and lipase, related to Alzheimer’s disease, type-2-diabetes mellitus, skin hyperpigmentation, and obesity, respectively. These extracts were also appraised for in vitro acute toxicity on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines and their chemical composition by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The extracts were more effective towards BChE than AChE. The best results were obtained with the hydroethanolic and water extracts, with IC50 values of 0.03 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. The hydroethanolic extract had the highest capacity to inhibit α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.04 mg/mL), higher than the positive control used (acarbose, IC50 = 3.14 mg/mL). The ethanol extract displayed the best inhibitory activity against tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.34 mg/mL). The tested samples did not inhibit lipase and exhibited low to moderate cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines. The hydroethanolic extract had a higher diversity of compounds, followed by the ethanol and water samples. Similar molecules were identified in all the extracts and were mainly hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids. Taken together, these results suggest that L. spathulatum should be further explored as a source of bioactive ingredients for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Characterization of the Effect of a Novel Production Technique for ‘Not from Concentrate’ Pear and Apple Juices on the Composition of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Teixeira José Carlos , Ribeiro Catarina , Simôes Rodolfo , Alegria Maria João , Mateus Nuno , de Freitas Victor , Pérez-Gregorio Rosa , Soares Susana
Published: September 2023

The consumption of ‘not-from-concentrate’ (NFC) fruit juices can be a convenient and enjoyable way to incorporate the nutritional benefits and flavors of fruits into one’s diet. This study will focus on the effect of production of juices from apple and pear fruits, by using centrifugal decanter and tangential filtration, on the profile of polyphenols as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Likewise, by-products from the juice industry were characterized in order to understand the high-value-added potential based on their composition of polyphenols. Briefly, apple and apple juice showed great contents of chlorogenic acid (0.990 ± 0.021 mg/g of DW), the dihydrochalcone phloridzin (1.041 ± 0.062 mg/g of DW), procyanidins (0.733 ± 0.121 mg/g of DW) and quercetin derivatives (1.501 ± 0.192 mg/g of DW). Likewise, the most abundant compounds in pear and pear juices were chlorogenic acid (0.917 ± 0.021 mg/g of DW), caffeoylquinic acid (0.180 ± 0.029 mg/g of DW), procyanidins (0.255 ± 0.016 mg/g of DW) and quercetin derivatives (0.181 ± 0.004 mg/g of DW). Both temperature and tangential speed affect the amount of phenolic compounds in fruit juices, highlighting the need to control the technological process to obtain a more nutritious/healthier beverage. Overall, NFC juices arise as a better option when compared with concentrated juices. Furthermore, the higher yield of phenolic compounds found in fruit pomace clearly open new ways for upcycling this fruit by-product as a high-value-added ingredient.
Modeling of CO2 Adsorption on Surface-Functionalized Rubber-Seed Shell Activated Carbon: Isotherm and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Fatima Syeda Saba , Borhan Azry , Ayoub Muhammad , Ghani Noraini Abd
Published: September 2023

Currently, adsorption is considered a promising technology for CO2 separation with a wide range of adsorbents. A detailed study of equilibrium and kinetics plays a crucial role in the design and operation of industrial adsorption units. In this study, isotherm and kinetics of CO2 adsorption on two RSS-derived AC samples previously prepared in our laboratory were evaluated using equilibrium experiments for pure CO2 at 25 °C and 40 °C and 1 bar. Blank and IL-functionalized AC showed CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.16 mmol/g, 1.96 mmol/g, 1.12 mmol/g and 1.71 mmol/g at 25 °C and 40 °C, respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations were used to model adsorption isotherm in low-pressure regions. The obtained results revealed that the Freundlich model provides an accurate fitting to the experimental findings, which indicate that the adsorption process occurs in a heterogeneous phase. Additionally, kinetic analysis was performed by using four empirical models, namely pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and Avrami’s fractional models. Among the considered kinetic models, the pseudo-second order model fits best for both blank and IL-functionalized AC. Intra-particle and Boyd’s film diffusion models were evaluated for the adsorption mechanism.
An Adaptive-Noise-Bound-Based Set-Membership Method for Process Identification of Industrial Control Loops
Authors: Wang Zhu , Wang Qian , Zhang Shaokang
Published: September 2023

Modeling of key variable data needs to consider the complex characteristics of systems in the catalytic cracking unit (CCU) of petroleum refining process, such as slow time-varying behavior, complex dynamic properties, distributed traits, and unknown stochastic noise. To fully capture the dynamics of a linear ordinary dynamic process without introducing incremental components, an adaptive-noise-bound-based set-membership method (RSMI) is proposed in this paper. Under the set-membership framework, the output set is typically represented as an ellipsoid based on the assumed conditions. Firstly, a CARMA model is considered; longer-duration historical data are selected to capture the intricate dynamic characteristics of industrial control loops. Secondly, RSMI introduces am approach to determine allowance factor, optimizing the noise bound for better suitability in real-world noise environments. The adaptive noise bound is achieved by designing an optimization algorithm that seeks the optimal parameters within the optimization framework. The stability of the RSMI algorithm is demonstrated through the application of the Lyapunov method. Next, the RSMI algorithm has been applied in engineering practice and designed for offline and online training stages of control processes. Finally, simulation experiments are performed to model and predict real-time data of flow, pressure, and liquid-level control loops within a catalytic cracking unit. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the RSMI algorithm is validated through two general examples, and frequency domain analysis is performed.
Modeling Critical Success Factors of Lean Strategy in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: De la Vega Marina , Macias-Velasquez Sharon , Baez-Lopez Yolanda , Limon-Romero Jorge , Tlapa Diego , Chávez-Moreno Edgar Armando
Published: September 2023

This article aims to provide valuable new insights into organizations implementing Lean Manufacturing (LM) as a continuous improvement strategy, focusing on those which are reducing waste in order to increase their competitiveness. A statistical approach was used to model the causal relationships between LM Critical Success Factors (CSFs) to achieve this goal. We used an instrument which has been previously validated in the transportation equipment manufacturing sector in the Mexican manufacturing industry. The proposed hypotheses were subjected to empirical tests using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The results indicate that Top Management Involvement and Commitment, with Project Leadership as a mediator, contributes indirectly and significantly to the increase in the benefits of LM projects. In addition, it was observed that Customer Focus, Linking Lean to the Suppliers, and Training and Education directly influence the increase in the benefits of LM projects in the sector. These findings offer a frame of reference for manufacturing industries with similar characteristics to the sector in this study who wish to increase their benefits by developing projects using LM methodology.
How to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination in the Digital Media Age: The Persuasive Effects of News Frames and Argument Quality
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Yan , Huang Yixin , Wang Zhenyuan , Shen Chaohai
Published: September 2023

Vaccination-related information is important for the public to increase vaccine acceptance intention, while the guidance and persuasion effects of information are influenced by approaches to information presentation. Thus, this study has focused on news media, an important source of vaccination-related dissemination, and aimed to investigate how different presentations of news influence an individual’s COVID-19 vaccine intention. Moreover, whether the cultural values individuals possess would influence the persuasive effects of news information was also considered in our study. A web-based experiment among 310 participants employing 2 (news framing: rights frame vs. obligation frame) × 2 (argument quality: high argument quality vs. low argument quality) × 2 (individual–collective orientation: individualism vs. collectivism) design was conducted in this study. Data were analyzed through a series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) in SPSS 26. The results show that argument quality had a significant positive impact on individuals’ psychological acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The results also show that the rights framework was significantly more persuasive than the obligation framework. Furthermore, for individualistic individuals, news information with high argument quality and a rights frame was the most persuasive. These findings may help guide the writing of news, thereby improving vaccine uptake, enhancing the public’s health literacy, and facilitating the implementation of vaccination policies during and after a pandemic.
Evaluation and Comparison of Multi-Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth Products over East Asia Ocean
Authors: Cao Zhaoxiang , Luan Kuifeng , Zhou Peng , Shen Wei , Wang Zhenhua , Zhu Weidong , Qiu Zhenge , Wang Jie
Published: September 2023

The atmosphere over the ocean is an important research field that involves multiple aspects such as climate change, atmospheric pollution, weather forecasting, and marine ecosystems. It is of great significance for global sustainable development. Satellites provide a wide range of measurements of marine aerosol optical properties and are very important to the study of aerosol characteristics over the ocean. In this study, aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from seventeen AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) stations were used as benchmark data to comprehensively evaluate the data accuracy of six aerosol optical thickness products from 2013 to 2020, including MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer), VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), MISR (Multi-Angle Imaging Spectrometer), OMAERO (OMI/Aura Multi-wavelength algorithm), OMAERUV (OMI/Aura Near UV algorithm), and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) in the East Asian Ocean. In the East Asia Sea, VIIRS AOD products generally have a higher correlation coefficient (R), expected error within ratio (EE within), lower root mean square error (RMSE), and median bias (MB) than MODIS AOD products. The retrieval accuracy of AOD data from VIIRS is the highest in spring. MISR showed a higher EE than other products in the East Asian Ocean but also exhibited systematic underestimation. In most cases, the OMAERUV AOD product data are of better quality than OMAERO, and OMAERO overestimates AOD throughout the year. The CALIPSO AOD product showed an apparent underestimation of the AOD in different seasons (EE Below = 58.98%), but when the AOD range is small (0 < AOD < 0.1), the CALIPSO data accuracy is higher compared with other satellite products under small AOD range. In the South China Sea, VIIRS has higher data accuracy than MISR, while in the Bohai-Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, and the western Pacific Ocean, MISR has the best data accuracy. MODIS and VIIRS show similar trends in R, EE within, MB, and RMSE under the influence of AOD, Angstrom exponent (AE), and precipitable water. The study on the temporal and spatial distribution of AOD in the East Asian Ocean shows that the annual variation of AOD is different in different sea areas, and the ocean in the coastal area is greatly affected by land-based pollution. In contrast, the AOD values in the offshore areas are lower, and the aerosol type is mainly clean marine type aerosol. These findings can help researchers in the East Asian Ocean choose the most accurate and reliable satellite AOD data product to better study atmospheric aerosols’ impact and trends.
COVID-19 Immunization Rates in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bianchi Francesco Paolo , Donghia Rossella , Tatoli Rossella , Bonfiglio Caterina
Published: September 2023

Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are characterized by an increased vulnerability to complications stemming from infectious diseases. While these patients do not inherently face a heightened risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population, their vulnerability to severe COVID-19 complications and subsequent hospitalization is notably increased. The objective of our study is to quantitatively assess the global coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among individuals with IBD, achieved through a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review. Thirteen studies were systematically selected from scientific articles available in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases, spanning from 1 January 2021 to 25 July 2023. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine uptake was estimated at 72% (95%CI = 59–83%) for at least one dose, 81% (95%CI = 68–91%) for the complete vaccination regimen, and 71% (95%CI = 46–91%) for the third dose. Analysis of the determinants influencing vaccination uptake revealed several significant associations. These encompassed Caucasian ethnicity, female sex, absence of immunosuppressive therapy, advanced age, prior receipt of the anti-influenza vaccine, absence of a history of COVID-19 infection, and the provision of advice from gastroenterologists, all linked to improved compliance. Our study underscores a noteworthy yet not entirely optimal COVID-19 vaccination coverage among individuals with IBD. A multifaceted approach is warranted to enhance vaccination rates. Within this context, the role of gastroenterologists extends beyond direct patient care, encompassing a pivotal responsibility in preventing complications stemming from post-infectious diseases.