bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, CXL. Halbsandwich-Komplexe von Ruthenium(II), Rhodium(III), Iridium(III) sowie Palladium(II)-und Platin(II)-Komplexe mit N,O-Chelaten von Fluor-und Thiophen-haltigen α-Aminosäuren/Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CXL. Halfsandwich Complexes of Ruthenium(II), Rhodium(III), Iridium(III) and Palladium(II), Platinum(II) Complexes with N, O-Chelates of Fluorine and Thiophene Containing α-Amino Acids
Authors: Koch Daniela , Beck Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

o-Fluorophenyl glycine and alanine, 2-thienyl glycine and alanine form with dinuclear, chloro bridged metal complexes the chiral N, O-chelates (arene)M (Cl)(NH2CHRCO2) (M = Ru, Rh, Ir; arene = cymene, Cp*) and (R3P)(Cl)M(NH2CHRCO2) (M = Pd, Pt) as mixtures of diastereoisomers or cis/trans-isomers, respectively.
Synthesis, Characterization and Molecular Structure of 2-Pyridyl-formamide N(4)-Dimethylthiosemicarbazone and Some Five-Coordinated Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexes
Authors: Bermejo Elena , Castiñeiras Alfonso , Fostiak Larissa M. , García Isabel , Llamas-Saiz Antonio L. , Swearingen John K. , West Douglas X
Published: February 2015

Sodium in dry methanol reduces 2-cyanopyridine in the presence of N(4)-dimethylthiosemicarbazide to produce 2-pyridyl-formamide N(4)-dimethylthiosemicarbazone, HAm4DM. Com­plexes with zinc(II) and cadmium(II) of formulae [M(Am4DM)(OAc)]2 and [M(HAm4DM)X2] (M = Zn or Cd, X = Cl, Br or I) have been prepared and characterized by spectro­scopic techniques. In addition, the crystal structures of HAm4DM, [Zn(HAm4DM)Br2], and [Cd(HAm4DM)l2] DMSO have been solved. HAm4DM is in the zwitterionic form with a hydrogen bonding interaction between the iminium hydrogen and the thiolato sulfur atom. Co­ ordination of the neutral thiosemicarbazone ligand is via the pyridyl nitrogen, imine nitrogen and thione sulfur atoms, while the anionic ligand in [M(Am4DM)(OAc)]2 coordinates with the same two nitrogen atoms and a thiolato sulfur atom. The [M(HAm4DM)X2] complexes are 5-coordinate with the tridentate thiosemicarbazone and two halogen ligands approaching a square pyramidal stereochemistry.
Stroke Rehabilitation and Patients with Multimorbidity: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Nelson Michelle L.A. , Kelloway Linda , Dawson Deirdre , McClure J. Andrew , McKellar Kaileah A. , Menon Anita , Munce Sarah , Ronald Kara , Teasell Robert , Wasdell Michael , Lyons Renee F.
Published: February 2015

Stroke care presents unique challenges for clinicians, as most strokes occur in the context of other medical diagnoses. An assessment of capacity for implementing “best practice” stroke care found clinicians reporting a strong need for training specific to patient/system complexity and multimorbidity. With mounting patient complexity, there is pressure to implement new models of healthcare delivery for both quality and financial sustainability. Policy makers and administrators are turning to clinical practice guidelines to support decision-making and resource allocation. Stroke rehabilitation programs across Canada are being transformed to better align with the Canadian Stroke Strategy's Stroke Best Practice Recommendations. The recommendations provide a framework to facilitate the adoption of evidence-based best practices in stroke across the continuum of care. However, given the increasing and emerging complexity of patients with stroke in terms of multimorbidity, the evidence supporting clinical practice guidelines may not align with the current patient population. To evaluate this, electronic databases and gray literature will be searched, including published or unpublished studies of quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods research designs. Team members will screen the literature and abstract the data. Results will present a numerical account of the amount, type, and distribution of the studies included and a thematic analysis and concept map of the results. This review represents the first attempt to map the available literature on stroke rehabilitation and multimorbidity, and identify gaps in the existing research. The results will be relevant for knowledge users concerned with stroke rehabilitation by expanding the understanding of the current evidence.
Drosophila melanogasterActivating Transcription Factor 4 Regulates Glycolysis During Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Oney McKenna , Frizzell Kimberly , Phadnis Nitin , Hollien Julie
Published: February 2015

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results from an imbalance between the load of proteins entering the secretory pathway and the ability of the ER to fold and process them. The response to ER stress is mediated by a collection of signaling pathways termed the unfolded protein response, which plays important roles in development and disease. Here we show that in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, ER stress induces a coordinated change in the expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism. Genes encoding enzymes that carry out glycolysis were up-regulated, whereas genes encoding proteins in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain complexes were down-regulated. The unfolded protein response transcription factor Atf4 was necessary for the up-regulation of glycolytic enzymes and Lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh). Furthermore, Atf4 binding motifs in promoters for these genes could partially account for their regulation during ER stress. Finally, flies up-regulated Ldh and produced more lactate when subjected to ER stress. Together, these results suggest that Atf4 mediates a shift from a metabolism based on oxidative phosphorylation to one more heavily reliant on glycolysis, reminiscent of aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect observed in cancer and other proliferative cells.
Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Management and Outcomes Among Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Willi Steven M. , Miller Kellee M. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Klingensmith Georgeanna J. , Simmons Jill H. , Tamborlane William V. , Nadeau Kristen J. , Kittelsrud Julie M. , Huckfeldt Peter , Beck Roy W. , Lipman Terri H. ,   for the T1D Exchange Clinic Network
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Previous research has documented racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes treatments and outcomes. It remains controversial whether these disparities result from differences in socioeconomic status (SES) or other factors. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in therapeutic modalities and diabetes outcomes among the large number of pediatric participants in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry.

METHODS:

The cohort included 10 704 participants aged <18 years with type 1 diabetes for ≥1 year (48% female; mean age: 11.9 ± 3.6 years; diabetes duration: 5.2 ± 3.5 years). Diabetes management and clinical outcomes were compared among 8841 non-Hispanic white (white) (83%), 697 non-Hispanic black (black) (7%), and 1166 Hispanic (11%) participants. The population included 214 high-income black and Hispanic families.

RESULTS:

Insulin pump use was higher in white participants than in black or Hispanic participants (61% vs 26% and 39%, respectively) after adjusting for gender, age, diabetes duration, and SES (P < .001). Mean hemoglobin A1c was higher (adjusted P < .001) in black participants than in white or Hispanic participants (9.6%, 8.4%, and 8.7%). More black participants experienced diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemic events in the previous year than white or Hispanic participants (both, P < .001). There were no significant differences in hemoglobin A1c, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe hypoglycemia between white and Hispanic participants after adjustment for SES.

CONCLUSIONS:

Even after SES adjustment, marked disparities in insulin treatment method and treatment outcomes existed between black versus Hispanic and white children within this large pediatric cohort. Barriers to insulin pump use and optimal glycemic control beyond SES should be explored in all ethnic groups.
The Great Sleep Recession: Changes in Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991–2012
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Maslowsky Julie , Hamilton Ava , Schulenberg John
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND:

Average nightly sleep times precipitously decline from childhood through adolescence. There is increasing concern that historical shifts also occur in overall adolescent sleep time.

METHODS:

Data were drawn from Monitoring the Future, a yearly, nationally representative cross-sectional survey of adolescents in the United States from 1991 to 2012 (N = 272 077) representing birth cohorts from 1973 to 2000. Adolescents were asked how often they get ≥7 hours of sleep and how often they get less sleep than they should. Age-period-cohort models were estimated.

RESULTS:

Adolescent sleep generally declined over 20 years; the largest change occurred between 1991–1995 and 1996–2000. Age-period-cohort analyses indicate adolescent sleep is best described across demographic subgroups by an age effect, with sleep decreasing across adolescence, and a period effect, indicating that sleep is consistently decreasing, especially in the late 1990s and early 2000s. There was also a cohort effect among some subgroups, including male subjects, white subjects, and those in urban areas, with the earliest cohorts obtaining more sleep. Girls were less likely to report getting ≥7 hours of sleep compared with boys, as were racial/ethnic minorities, students living in urban areas, and those of low socioeconomic status (SES). However, racial/ethnic minorities and adolescents of low SES were more likely to self-report adequate sleep, compared with white subjects and those of higher SES.

CONCLUSIONS:

Declines in self-reported adolescent sleep across the last 20 years are concerning. Mismatch between perceptions of adequate sleep and actual reported sleep times for racial/ethnic minorities and adolescents of low SES are additionally concerning and suggest that health education and literacy approaches may be warranted.
Non-volant mammals in a protected area on the Central Andes of Colombia: new records for the Caldas department and the Chinchiná River basin
Authors: Ramírez-Mejía Andrés F. , Sánchez Francisco
Published: February 2015

The Chinchiná River basin is located on the western slope of the Colombian Central Andes.  This basin provides ecosystem services such as water provision for >500,000 people, but has suffered considerable ecosystem degradation, and the information on its biodiversity is limited.  We inventoried the non-volant mammals in the Caldas’ Central Hydroelectric (CHEC) Reserve in the Chinchiná River basin, in the Caldas department. We detected 18 species of mammals, present the first record of Puma yagouaroundi for the high Chinchiná River basin,  the first record of Leopardus wi­edii for the basin and a new altitudinal record of this felid for the Colombian Central Andes, and we also report a melanistic individual of Leopardus tigrinus. We also provide the first record of Conepatus semistriatus for Caldas department. We highlight the importance of preserving forests on the Chinchiná River basin such as the CHEC Reserve, since they made serve to connect Andean forest with paramo areas on the National Natural Park Los Nevados, adding possible habitat for movements of Puma concolor and other mammals.
Topaz and Some Materials with Thermoluminescent Properties and Potential Applications in Dosimetry
Authors: Trujillo-Vázquez E. , Pech-Canul M. I.
Published: February 2015

This contribution presents a critical review about some materials used in dosimetry and the interest that has emerged on topaz recently. In addition, results about the feasibility for synthesizing topaz by the HYSY-CVD route using Na2SiF6 and Al2O3 are shown. Synthesis tests in nitrogen atmosphere were conducted varying temperature (700 and 750°C) and time (60 and 90 min) while maintaining constant the amounts of Al2O3 and Na2SiF6. The microstructural characterization by XRD, SEM and EDS revealed the succesful formation of topaz and aluminium fluoride.
Synthesis and Thermoluminescence of Scandium-Titanium Based Oxide Mixture
Authors: Muñoz Iliana C. , Cruz-Zaragoza Epifanio , Brown Francisco , Landavazo-Santos María A. , Alvarez-Montaño Victor E.
Published: February 2015

Recently, the research team synthesized some scandium- and titanium-based oxide compounds, in order to analyze their thermoluminescent (TL) response [1-2]. The oxides mixture Sc2TiO5:Eu2Ti2O7:Sc2O3 was synthesized in equilibrium phase by solid state reaction at 1100 °C / 48 h. The structural characterization was performed by XRD and SEM. The TL properties of this oxide mixture were examined after exposing it to gamma radiation from a 60Co source. The glow curve showed two main glow peaks at 151 °C and 260 °C, yet the curve shape looks quite complex, revealing that it is composed by overlapped individual TL peaks, which was confirmed with the Tstop preheat method performed [3]. The linear dose-response between 150 to 600 Gy was obtained, followed by a slow saturation stage. The intensity of the glow curves increases as the radiation dose increases, and their maxima remain at the same temperature values, which indicates that the TL phenomenon follows first-order kinetics [4]. After ten irradiation-TL readout cycles at 500 Gy, good stability (SD 2.02 %) between TL integrated response and the exposure dose was found. It is concluded that Sc2TiO5:Eu2Ti2O7:Sc2O3 is a promising material to use as high-dose dosimeter.
Temperature Effect on the Thermoluminescent Signal Induced by Gamma Radiation in NaCl
Authors: Anaya Demetrio Mendoza , González Martínez Pedro R. , Fernández García María E. , Galicia Gilberto Mondragón , Gutiérrez Wing Claudia E.
Published: February 2015

The effects of thermal treatments on the thermoluminescent (TL) signal of NaCl (ACS reagent) induced by gamma radiation were investigated. Samples of NaCl were thermally treated at 500, 800 and 1000 °C and characterized by X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. After their exposure 0.1 to 150 Gy of gamma radiation from a gamma-ray source of60Co, a TL curve for each temperature of treatment was obtained. We observed a different TL behavior on the irradiated samples as a function of the temperature applied during the thermal treatments. For the sample treated at 500 °C, three peaks centered at 102, 133 and 228 °C were observed. Samples treated at 800 and 1000 °C showed two main peaks at 128 and 220 °C and 136 and 219 °C, respectively; however, the highest TL intensity signal was observed for the sample at 800 °C. All samples showed a linear dependency of the integrated TL intensity from the signal emitted as function of the irradiation time. This is an important advantage because NaCl could be applied as a very low cost thermoluminescent dosimetric material. A comparison between the TL signal induced by gamma radiation in pure and Eu doped NaCl is also reported.
Phenolic Compounds Determination Using Enzyme Modified Clark Type Electrode
Authors: Stoytcheva M. , Zlatev R. , Montero G. , Beleño M.T. , Valdez B. , Schorr M.
Published: February 2015

Public health and environmental protection concerns provoked by phenolic compounds pollution impose the development of sensitive, rapid and cost effective methods for in situ phenols monitoring. Given that biosensors based techniques could face these challenges, a variety of such devices was suggested and applied for phenolic compounds quantification. Their majority are based on the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) catalyzed phenols oxidation to catechol and then, to quinones, coupled with the registration of the quinones reduction current. Nevertheless, quinoid products polymerization involving electrode passivation corrupts the biosensors operational stability. Thus, to avoid this drawback, in this work is proposed another approach for phenolic compounds quantification based on the electrochemical detection of the oxygen depletion during PPO catalyzed catechol oxidation using a Clark type electrode with a disposable active enzyme membrane. The oxygen probe was modified in comparison to the commercial ones: its flat front allowed ensuring a good contact with the active enzyme membrane and the gold multicathode uniformly dislocated on the surface of the flat front permitted eliminating O2 diffusional constraints. The active enzyme membrane was prepared by drop-coating of a mixture of PPO and gelatin onto a gelatin-saturated cellulose filter. A linear calibration graph for catechol determination was obtained in the range up to 0.7 mM with a slope of 0.902 μA/mM, at pH 6.5 and ambient temperature. The steady-state response to catechol of the biosensor was reached in 120 s. The biosensor had an excellent reproducibility (RSD<3%) due to the reliable enzyme immobilization technique, allowing the preparation of active enzyme membranes with identical characteristics. The proposed biosensor provided stable response and free of interferences measurements since the unique possible electrochemical reaction is O2 reduction. Another biosensor advantage is associated with the use of disposable prefabricated active enzyme membranes.
Interactions of Potential Protein Cancer Biomarker Survivin with Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Its Dynamics in Cancer Cells Studied Using Fluorescence Molecular-Beacon Probes, Gated-RET and EQCN Methods
Authors: Stobiecka Magdalena , Chalupa Agata , Dworakowska Beata
Published: February 2015

The protein survivin (Sur) has been considered as a potential cancer biomarker due to its involvement in disrupting normal cell cycle by stimulating proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In this work, we have focused on exploring novel platforms for sensitive monitoring of Sur expression, based on molecular beacons and protein modulation of plasmon-controlled fluorescence. In this framework, we show that Sur can be employed in gating the resonance energy transfer (gRET) between fluorescein isothiocyanate probe dye (FITC) and plasmonic citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP@Cit). Furthermore, we have designed fluorescent dye-bearing molecular beacons (MBs) targeting nucleotides of the survivin mRNA. The antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the target sequence, inserted in the loop area of the hairpin MB structure, has enabled the fluorescence turn-ON MB switching in the presence of the target, thus signaling the high Sur mRNA levels and enhanced Sur protein expression.
Social Network Diagramming as an Applied Tool for Public Health: Lessons Learned From an HCV Cluster
Authors: Grande Katarina M. , Stanley Marisa , Redo Carrie , Wergin Amy , Guilfoyle Sheila , Gasiorowicz Mari
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We present an applied example of social network diagramming from 2010 to 2012 that was used to guide follow-up in a large HCV cluster in rural Wisconsin.

Methods. In addition to collecting standard individual-level attributes, we also obtained partner-level information. Both sets of data were input into a network diagramming program to create a series of diagrams that emphasized variables, such as risk factors, key location in the network, and number of partners.

Results. The visualization and cluster analysis guided testing and intervention priorities, were useful in sharing de-identified information about the cluster between health departments and community organizations and illustrated the key role young females played in holding the cluster together.

Conclusions. Social network diagramming should be considered a practical and important public health tool for use in cluster management.
State Barriers to Appropriating Public Health Emergency Response Funds During the 2009 H1N1 Response
Authors: Yeager Valerie A. , Hurst David , Menachemi Nir
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined state-specific administrative barriers to allocating 2009 H1N1 influenza public health emergency response (PHER) funds.

Methods. We conducted a qualitative review of PHER grants management reports to identify and code barriers reported by states in allocating funds. Using linear regression, we examined the relationship between the percentage of funds allocated and each individual barrier and, separately, the cumulative effect of multiple barriers.

Results. States reported 6 barrier types, including regulatory issues (n = 14, or 28%), contracting issues (n = 14, or 28%), purchasing issues (n = 6, or 12%), legislative issues (n = 5, or 10%), staffing issues (n = 5, or 10%), and issues transferring funds between state and local health departments (n = 4, or 8%). In multivariate models, having experienced a purchasing barrier was associated with a significant decrease in PHER allocation (B = −26.4; P = .018). Separately, the cumulative effect of having 3 barriers was associated with a decrease in PHER allocation (B = −16.0; P = .079).

Conclusions. Purchasing barriers were associated with delayed use of PHER funds. Moreover, the cumulative effect of any 3 barriers hampered the allocation of funds. Understanding barriers to using funds can inform future funding guidance for improved efficiency of response efforts.
Rural Populations and Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Services: Challenges and Opportunities for Local Public Health Departments
Authors: Hale Nathan L. , Smith Michael , Hardin James , Brock-Martin Amy
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined geographic differences in Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) visits as the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) transitioned from direct service provision (DSP) to assuring delivery within the larger health care system.

Methods. We examined infant cohorts with continuous Medicaid coverage and normal birth weights from 1995 to 2010. Outcome variables included any EPSDT visit and the ratio of observed to expected visits. Change in SCDHEC market share over time by residence was the primary variable of interest. We used growth curve models to examine changes in EPSDT visits by rural areas and levels of DSP over time.

Results. A small proportion of the study population (10%) resided in rural counties that were more dependent on SCDHEC for DSP. The trajectory of not having visits among counties with high DSPs was steeper in rural areas (0.208; P = .001) compared with urban areas (0.145; P = .002). In counties with high DSPs, the slope of the predicted ratio in rural areas (–0.033; P < .001) was steeper than that of urban areas (−0.013; P < .001).

Conclusions. Health departments operations continue to transition from DSP, which might decrease access to well-child care in rural communities. Health care reform provides opportunities for health departments to work with community partners to facilitate DSP from public to private sectors.
Association Between HIV Programs and Quality of Maternal Health Inputs and Processes in Kenya
Authors: Kruk Margaret E. , Jakubowski Aleksandra , Rabkin Miriam , Kimanga Davies O. , Kundu Francis , Lim Travis , Lumumba Vane , Oluoch Tom , Robinson Katherine A. , El-Sadr Wafaa
Published: February 2015

We assessed whether quality of maternal and newborn health services is influenced by presence of HIV programs at Kenyan health facilities using data from a national facility survey. Facilities that provided services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission had better prenatal and postnatal care inputs, such as infrastructure and supplies, and those providing antiretroviral therapy had better quality of prenatal and postnatal care processes. HIV-related programs may have benefits for quality of care for related services in the health system.
A Remotely Controlled Downhole Valve Used for Completion Installation
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 166271, ’A Case Study of Using a Remotely Controlled Downhole Valve for Completion Installation,’ by Keith Oddie, SPE, and John O'Hara, SPE, Halliburton, and Luis Paz, SPE, Hess Corporation, prepared for the 2013 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

On the basis of a case study in Equatorial Guinea, this paper demonstrates how barrier provisions with remotely controlled open/close technology capabilities enable interventions to be removed from a completion design. The technology described was used in a horizontal subsea producer well drilled to 3460 m. The paper will illustrate how combining downhole electronic control with a full-bore hydraulically operated barrier valve removes any need for running control lines to the surface. Surface-applied pressure and time combinations were used to command remote actuation of the valve.

Introduction

The Ceiba field is located 35 km offshore Equatorial Guinea, west Africa, and is 241 km south of the capital, Malabo. Located in approximately 700 m of water and in one of six subsea clusters in the development, this well was identified as a suitable candidate for inclusion of the technology outlined in this paper.

To maximize reservoir recovery in this field, the completion strategy included a horizontal openhole gravel pack to provide downhole sand control. The completion engineers felt that this strategy would help meet production objectives such as inflow performance. However, it would also require the well to be drilled at a highly deviated trajectory, which would increase the likelihood of the production packer being set at a deviation beyond conventional slickline capability. The remotely controlled downhole valve offered an alternative plugging method to set the packer, test production tubing, and commission subsurface well-control equipment requiring well interventions, and therefore was included for consideration in the well design. The well design would later confirm that the valve would be installed at a deviation greater than 70°.

Plug deployment with wireline and tractor was evaluated in terms of risk and exposure to cost, and from the results of the evaluation, it was concluded that remote technology should be included in the basis of design. A landing-nipple profile located below the packer provided contingency in the event that the remotely controlled valve failed to close.

The final subsea completion design required that the 547-m reservoir section be drilled along a horizontal trajectory, the openhole horizontal gravel-pack system be installed, and the gravel pack be performed. Retrieval of the gravel- pack service tool and wash pipe would mechanically close the fluid-loss control valve to provide isolation from the reservoir during deployment of the upper completion. It would also provide a means of applying the pressure and time signature required to close the barrier valve.
Hydraulic Monitoring and Well-Control-Event Detection With Model-Based Analysis
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 24803, ’Hydraulic Monitoring and Well-Control-Event Detection by Use of Model-Based Analysis,’ by D. Todorov and G. Thonhauser, Thonhauser Data Engineering, prepared for the 2014 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 25-28 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The major challenge in hydraulic modeling is that achieving a realistic representation of wellbore conditions is difficult in a mathematical model. This paper presents a new approach in monitoring the hydraulic system and in the recognition of well-control events at an early stage such that proper counteractions can be initiated before any damage occurs. A hydraulic real-time monitor based on sensor data has been developed, using artificial neural networks to compute, recognize, and predict abnormal events in the wellbore.

Introduction

Precise knowledge of hydraulic pressure while drilling is crucial for the success of the entire drilling process. The pump must operate within an accurate pressure range, providing the desired flow rate necessary for hole cleaning. The operating pressure is thereby concurrently limited by pipe and equipment constraints. Pore pressure, formation-fracture gradients, and equivalent circulating density (ECD) introduce additional complexity to the hydraulic system. However, when taking the complete drilling system under consideration, one must remember that severe challenges arise in representing the reality because of the restricted knowledge of several operational parameters at any point of time.

To improve the quality and reduce the influence of the detailed input parameters, the deterministic approach is improved by introducing numerical methods that add significantly to the performance of the system. The hybrid simulator is then in fact able to handle the uncertainties regarding the input data. Furthermore, a major step toward gaining optimal results is achieved by the implementation of automatic-drilling- operation recognition systems. These enhance the output of the numerical models and provide the means for operation-based monitoring and performance analysis.
Transient micromechanical deformation and thermomechanical fatigue damage in AlSi based piston alloys under superimposed high cycle mechanical and low cycle thermal loading*
Authors: Kenningley Scott , Morgenstern Roman
Published: February 2015

Presently, AlSi based alloys, consisting up to 12 element systems, are used in the manufacture of automotive pistons for diesel engines. The pistons combustion wall is subject to complex superimposed transient mechanical and thermal loading with peak operating temperature representing a homologous temperature range Thom of 0.8 to 0.9. Using a special superimposed thermomechanical bench test apparatus, engine-like TMF loading has been reproduced and a number of semi in-situ experiments have been carried out to evaluate key microstructure damage mechanisms. The evolution of microstructural damage at the interface between hard Si inclusions and the softer Al matrix has been documented using scanning electron microscopy. The deformation characteristics at the Si/Al interface have been recreated using FEA techniques incorporating non-linear elasto-viscoplastic properties for the matrix material. Comparisons of bench test fatigue lives for transient superimposed high frequency and microstructural TMF loading for two different thermal cycles are then compared to isothermal mechanical load histories.
Accommodation of Long-Term Growth on North America's Commuter Railroads
Authors: Allen John G. , Levinson Herbert S.
Published: February 2015

The transit industry has experienced great declines in ridership since World War II from which it has recovered only partially since the 1990s. By contrast, commuter rail has flourished as a result of suburbanization, strong downtowns, and continued public support. With a focus on older systems, the study reported in this paper reviewed changes in population, downtown employment, and ridership and related these changes to the ways in which technology, public policy, ridership, and operations have affected commuter rail. Since about the 1990s, the number of commuter rail passenger miles in the United States has grown faster than the number of national highway vehicle miles traveled. Modern commuter rail ridership has reached (or has surpassed) the historic peak levels reached in 1929. Commuter railroads have met the demands of growing ridership through the use of cars with higher seating capacities, which have provided more frequent off-peak service, and through the adoption of such innovative operating plans as zone schedules. Even the rehabilitation of deteriorated tracks sometimes has helped to increase train throughput. Such improvements have enabled commuter railroads to accommodate more customers, although capacity will have to be increased where severe constraints exist. Continued public support will be essential to the future of commuter rail in most metropolitan areas.
Light Rail Transit Urban Insertion and Safety
Authors: Novales Margarita , Teixeira Manuel , Fontaine Laetitia
Published: February 2015

This paper provides a rough design tool kit to improve the safety of light rail transit (LRT) urban insertion. This tool kit was prepared after the analysis of more than 130 examples of good and bad practices related to LRT urban insertions in 13 European countries, which took place during the first working phase of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology's Action TU1103, Operation and Safety of Tramways in Interaction with Public Space. The paper deals with the design of the following aspects: pedestrian pathways at stations and stops; platform design and station and stop location; pavement treatment on shared space; pavement treatment on segregated channels; LRT separators on segregated channels; intersections (e.g., left-turn intersections, roundabouts, pedestrian and cyclist crossings, innovative solutions at intersections); LRT channel differentiation and protection by means of pavement, marks, fences, and barriers; and overhead contact system pole location.
Park-and-Ride Access Station Choice Model for Cross-Regional Commuting
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Salah , Habib Khandker Nurul , Shalaby Amer
Published: February 2015

The paper presents an investigation of park-and-ride access station choices of cross-regional commuters in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area (GTHA). Data from a household travel survey conducted in 2006 in the GTHA were used for this empirical investigation. The household travel survey data were supplemented by data from transit service operators on park-and-ride station locations, parking lot capacities, parking costs, surrounding land use, and station amenities. Three groups of park-and-ride users were defined: (a) individuals for whom only local transit Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway stations were within reasonable reach, (b) individuals for whom only regional transit (GO Train) stations were within reach, and (c) individuals for whom both GO Train and TTC subway stations were within reach. Different model structures and specifications were tested, and three discrete choice models were estimated. Empirical models revealed that access distance and the relative station direction (toward the workplace) were the primary factors that affected transit station choice for park-and-ride options. However, for station distance and relative station direction, commuters were more sensitive to changes in station access distance than to changes in the relative station direction from their households. In addition, the empirical models revealed that local transit park-and-ride users were less sensitive to access distance than were regional transit park-and-ride users. The results of this investigation could be useful in future transit station design projects to attract more commuters to use park-and-ride facilities.
Public Transit Catchment Areas
Authors: Flamm Bradley J. , Rivasplata Charles R.
Published: February 2015

The coordination of bicycle and transit modes has received close attention from public transit planners and researchers in recent years as transit agencies around the world have installed bicycle racks on transit vehicles, implemented bicycles-on-trains policies, and made other efforts to facilitate bicycle-transit integration. Many planners presume that the catchment area for transit is enlarged by these efforts, but geographic changes in the size of catchment areas have not been documented effectively. The research project reported in this paper assessed the distances traveled on bicycle by cycle-transit users (CTUs) and included (a) those who used bicycles as a means of access to transit stops and stations and (b) those who bicycled to and traveled on transit with their bicycles. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with a literature review; a survey of CTUs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and San Francisco, California; and telephone interviews with a subset of survey respondents. Responses in the two cities made it possible to define CTU characteristics and behavior in detail. The responses highlighted two intriguing findings. First, transit catchment areas could be much larger for CTUs than for traditional transit users who accessed transit buses and rail on foot. Second, the concept of a cycle—transit catchment area was seen to be complex because of the variety of travel opportunities that cycle-transit coordination policies presented to transit riders. CTUs took advantage of larger catchment areas to reduce their travel costs, and they used those catchment areas in curious and less predictable ways.
A Density Functional Tight Binding Study of Acetic Acid Adsorption on Crystalline and Amorphous Surfaces of Titania
Authors: Manzhos Sergei , Giorgi Giacomo , Yamashita Koichi
Published: February 2015

We present a comparative density functional tight binding study of an organic molecule attachment to TiO2 via a carboxylic group, with the example of acetic acid. For the first time, binding to low-energy surfaces of crystalline anatase (101), rutile (110) and (B)-TiO2 (001), as well as to the surface of amorphous (a-) TiO2 is compared with the same computational setup. On all surfaces, bidentate configurations are identified as providing the strongest adsorption energy, Eads = −1.93, −2.49 and −1.09 eV for anatase, rutile and (B)-TiO2, respectively. For monodentate configurations, the strongest Eads = −1.06, −1.11 and −0.86 eV for anatase, rutile and (B)-TiO2, respectively. Multiple monodentate and bidentate configurations are identified on a-TiO2 with a distribution of adsorption energies and with the lowest energy configuration having stronger bonding than that of the crystalline counterparts, with Eads up to −4.92 eV for bidentate and −1.83 eV for monodentate adsorption. Amorphous TiO2 can therefore be used to achieve strong anchoring of organic molecules, such as dyes, that bind via a -COOH group. While the presence of the surface leads to a contraction of the band gap vs. the bulk, molecular adsorption caused no appreciable effect on the band structure around the gap in any of the systems.
Investigation of Chemomarkers of Astragali Radix of Different Ages and Geographical Origin by NMR Profiling
Authors: Zheng Lu , Wang Mei , Ibarra-Estrada Emmanuel , Wu Changsheng , Wilson Erica , Verpoorte Robert , Klinkhamer Petrus , Choi Young
Published: February 2015

Astragalus roots from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge or Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bunge) Hsiao are among the most popular traditional medicinal plants due to their diverse therapeutic uses based on their tonic, antinephritic, immunostimulant, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, antidiabetic, analgesic, expectorant and sedative properties. Currently, the herb is produced or cultivated in various sites, including 10 different locations in China with very diverse environmental conditions. These differences affect their metabolic pools and consequently their medicinal properties. The comparative metabolic profiling of plants of different geographical origins or ages could contribute to detect biomarkers for their quality control and thus guarantee the efficacy of the herbal medicines produced with this drug. In this paper nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomics was applied for to plants of different origins and age for this purpose. The results of this study show that in the set of samples evaluated, age is more discriminating than geographical location. The quantity of individual flavonoids and some primary metabolites contributed most to this age differentiation. On the other hand, based on the analysis of orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) modeling, the marker metabolites for the geographical origin were saponins and isoflavonoids.
From Theory to Practice: Enhancing the Potential Policy Impact of Industrial Ecology
Authors: Deutz Pauline , Ioppolo Giuseppe
Published: February 2015

Industrial ecology introduced a new paradigm of principles and tools useful to academic analysis and decision support activities for industry and policymakers. This paper presents a view of the state of the art of industrial ecology, encompassing the four major theoretical traditions comprising the field, and emphasizing the relevance to practice. The principles of industrial ecology offer a basis for integrating environmental perspectives into production and consumption strategies, though there are significant challenges to be addressed.
Les numéraux indéfinis dits partitifs en polonais [So Called ‘Partitive’ Indefinite Numerals in Polish]
Authors: Menantaud Henri , Saloni Zygmunt
Published: February 2015

So Called ‘ Partitive’ Indefinite Numerals in Polish

The article deals with the morphology, syntax and semantics of so called ‘ partitive’ indefinite numerals in Polish, i. e., mainly numerals of the DUŻO-type (‘ much’) and of the TYLE-type (‘ so many / so much’). In order to account for the behaviour of these numerals in combination with verbs governing the genitive, it seems necessary to distinguish two different values, traditionally labelled as the genitive, i. e., two ‘ subcases’ of the Polish genitive, and two different series of lexemes, partially homonymic,

TYLE1-type and TYLE2-type. Only the latter consists of semantically partitive numerals.
« Sans la science, la vie est presque une image de la mort » : la place du discours scientifique dans l'esthétique verbale de Molière
Authors: Brunel Magali
Published: February 2015

Molière reconvertit dans son théâtre les langages et les préoccupations sociales du siècle et intègre ainsi le discours scientifique dans l’échange dramatique, par allusion, références, procédés d’hypertextualité ou d’hypotextualité. Il reconnaît ainsi le statut de discipline de la science et soulève les questions scientifiques de son temps. Enfin il parvient à intégrer le discours scientifique à son écriture dramatique pour renforcer tout autant la teneur de son propos que sa force théâtrale.
Littérature savante et assignation culturelle. Le Dictionnaire encyclopédique des amusemens des sciences mathématiques et physiques
Authors: Chabaud Gilles
Published: February 2015

À la différence de l’Angleterre où elles sont une « tradition littéraire nationale » depuis le XVI e siècle, les « récréations mathématiques » ne se constituent en France comme une littérature de la « magie blanche dévoilée » qu’à la fin du XVIII e avec leur refonte complète en Dictionnaire (1792) par Panckoucke dans le contexte de la Révolution, quelque temps après le défi de la grande illusion du Joueur d’échecs automate, lancé par la cour de Vienne à l’Académie des sciences de Paris en 1783, et la publication de la Magie blanche dévoilée qui s’en suivra. La notion de contexte permet de comprendre comment le « livre des récréations mathématiques » a été plusieurs fois édité entre 1624 et 1630. Rééditées, plusieurs fois refondues, les « récréations mathématiques » se sont renouvelées, dans les années 1770, sur le modèle politique de la domination des sciences exactes pour l’explication de l’incompréhensible.
Comment la Première Guerre mondiale a-t-elle modifié notre perception de l'Histoire ?
Authors: Grondeux Jérôme
Published: February 2015

La Première Guerre mondiale a été rapidement perçue comme l’ouverture d’une nouvelle ère. Il devint difficile de croire au progrès global de l’humanité, et la civilisation même sembla menacée. D’un côté, la victoire des Alliés charria son lot d’espérances et d’idées nouvelles, dont certaines se sont inscrites durablement dans la réalité occidentale, mais seulement après 1945. Aujourd’hui, le « court xx e siècle » qui s’étend de 1914 à 1991 est principalement défini par la guerre totale, le totalitarisme, la Guerre Froide et le projet d’organiser l’Europe, tous ces objets étant reliés les uns aux autres. Nous sommes les héritiers du « court xx e siècle », mais les enjeux de la Première Guerre mondiale semblent très loin de nous. Cependant, certains aspects de cette grande crise européenne peuvent être très profitables à étudier pour les Européens d’aujourd’hui, confrontés aux difficultés du monde d’après 1991.
Husserl et la Grande Guerre : l'irruption critique de l'histoire dans la phénoménologie
Authors: Farges Julien
Published: February 2015

Cet article cherche à étayer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les grandes lignes de la pensée husserlienne de la crise de l’Europe ainsi que la philosophie téléologique de l’histoire, qui l’accompagne dans ses célèbres textes des années 30, s’enracinent à plusieurs titres dans l’expérience de la Première Guerre mondiale. Après un bref rappel biographique, l’article s’appuie tout d’abord sur la prégnance de la figure de Fichte aux yeux de Husserl, pour montrer que son patriotisme est plus éthique que politique et qu’il est compatible comme tel avec un cosmopolitisme dans le cadre d’une téléologie personnelle et supra-personnelle de la vocation où la guerre fait elle-même figure de crise. Puis il reconstruit l’émergence, dans les années de guerre, de deux éléments conceptuels essentiels à la conception husserlienne d’une crise de l’Europe : la phénoménologie génétique et l’idée d’une logique du monde, qui donnent respectivement à la subjectivité et à la théorie de la science un horizon historique.
D'une guerre à l'autre. Le Père Gaston Fessard et la conscience française (1935-1945)
Authors: Louzeau Frédéric
Published: February 2015

À l’origine d’un monde nouveau, les trente ans de guerre mondiale (1914-1945) ont joué le rôle d’un immense incubateur pour la réflexion théologique et philosophique, dont l’œuvre du Père Gaston Fessard (1897-1978), s.j., a été l’une des plus novatrices quoiqu’encore largement inexplorée. L’article présente, dans un parcours thématique et historique restreint à la période 1935-1945, les grandes prises de position de l’auteur face aux guerres de son actualité, qui firent de lui le « directeur de conscience » de la conscience française et l’auteur d’une méthode de réflexion et de discernement participant à l’effort, encore inachevé, d’éclairer le mystère de l’homme social et historique.
Effects of a Senior Practicum Course on Nursing Students’ Confidence in Speaking Up for Patient Safety
Authors: Kent Lauren , Anderson Gabrielle , Ciocca Rebecca , Shanks Linda , Enlow Michele
Published: February 2015

As patient advocates, nurses are responsible for speaking up against unsafe practices. Nursing students must develop the confidence to speak up for patient safety so that they can hold themselves, as well as their peers and coworkers, accountable for patients’ well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a senior practicum course on confidence for speaking up for patient safety in nursing students. Confidence in speaking up for patient safety was measured with the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey. The study showed a significant increase in nursing students’ confidence after the senior practicum course, but there was no significant change in students’ confidence in questioning someone of authority. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2015;54(3, Suppl.):S12–S15.]
Using a Virtual Patient in an Advanced Assessment Course
Authors: Kelley Carol G.
Published: February 2015

Background:

A virtual patient, Digital Clinical Experience (DCE), was incorporated into an advanced assessment course.

Method:

Students conducted systems-based physical examinations on the DCE, documenting findings using a standard history format and physical examination skills checklists. Faculty reviewed transcripts generated from the students’ history and physical examination to evaluate the logical order and progression of the examination.

Results:

The nine DCE modules were included as half of the 2-hour weekly laboratory requirement and counted as 17.5% of the course grade. Faculty customized specific components of individual modules, including instructions to students and model documentation, to align with course objectives and faculty preferences. DCE use permitted faculty to provide structured student practice and evaluate essential advanced assessment skills that have not been previously assessed for individual students due to excessive time and cost.

Conclusion:

The potential impact of integrating a virtual patient on students’ history taking and physical examination skills in their clinical courses should be explored. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2015;54(4):228–231.]