bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING ESP PRESENT-DAY THORNY SHORTCOMINGS at IBN KHALDOUN UNIVERSITY of TIARET in ALGERIA
Authors: Benabed Ammar
Published: April 2022

The study investigates present-day situation of ESP teaching/ learning in four selected faculties at Ibn-Khaldun University namely science and technology, Electrical engineering, commercial sciences and Informatics and Mathematics. In these professional loci of pedagogical activity, most of the teachers who are in charge of ESP are EGP or ELT teachers. The ultimate objective of this investigation is to assess and/or measure the (in)effectiveness of the current system of teaching/learning English for specific purposes in the aforesaid faculties. To attain that, the four faculty deans and 8 teachers were interviewed, and 120 students were addressed a questionnaire. This would allow us to update and analyze a diversified set of data in terms of nurturing and structuring a rigorous educational engineering approach that results in a reasoned implementation. The results obtained revealed all stakeholders are fully aware of the importance of English language teaching, especially in the light of the current worldwide bets. The data also unveiled a set of thorny gaps characterizing the implementation of the subject such as less motivating syllabus content, teachers’ lack of theoretical insightful knowledge as regard ESP founding tenets supporting its teaching, the total absence of periodic training, lack of appropriate means and students’ indifference.
Digitalization in the single transport space of the EAEU
Authors: Novozhilov A. M.
Published: April 2022

The phenomenon of digitalization contributes to the implementation of the strategic national goals of states and international associations. The members of the Eurasian Economic Union form a single digital space of the EAEU, implement the processes of digitalization, digital logistics, the development of intelligent transport systems, and the introduction of electronic transport documents.
The place of tax administration in the development of the world economy
Authors: Zafirova Y. E.
Published: April 2022

At the present stage of development, the socio–economic transformation of the world society is taking place, accompanied by the modernization of state institutions. These processes are impossible without government spending and the revenues that provide them. The main revenues in many countries are tax payments, the receipt of which in the budget system is ensured through the system of tax administration.

The subject of research in the article is the economic relations that arise in the process of tax administration and their impact on the development of the world economy.

The research results consist in identifying the features of the influence of tax administration on the development of national economies, as well as reasonable internal and external structural shifts.
“Engel Pharmacy “La Coróna”, near the gate of the royal court, Jassy”*
Authors: GRUIA Ana-Maria
Published: April 2022

The paper reconstructs the history of the 19th-20th-century Engel pharmacy in Iaşi starting from a lot of items preserved in the History of Pharmacy Collection in Cluj-Napoca. The lot includes numerous drug jars, measuring cups, apothecary working tools, financial documents, prescriptions, correspondence, and various other documents, some of which were recently identified during the renovation of the pharmacy museum in Cluj. The analysis allows one to see the transformation of pharmaceutical practice in Moldavia and Romania between the end of the 19th century and the Second World War and to reconstruct the history of a successful family business.
Article history: Received 14.10.2021; Revised 26.11.2021; Accepted 18.12.2021; Available online 13.04.2022.
Rezumat: “Farmacia Engel “La Coróna”, lângă poarta curţii domneşti, Jassy”. Articolul reconstituite istoria farmaciei Engel din Iaşi din secolele XIX-XX pornind de la un lot de obiecte păstrate în Colecţia de Istorie a Farmaciei din Cluj-Napoca. Lotul constă din numeroase recipiente farmaceutice, mensuri, unelte specifice meseriei, documente financiare şi contabile, reţete, corespondenţă şi diverse alte documente şi tipărituri. Unele bunuri au fost reidentificate recent, cu ocazia lucrărilor de renovare ale muzeului de istorie a farmaciei din Cluj. Analiza permite observarea transformărilor practicii farmaceutice din Moldova şi România între sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea şi Cel de Al Doilea Război Mondial, dar şi refacerea istoriei unei reuşite afaceri de familie.
Cuvinte cheie: istoria farmaciei, Iaşi, studii muzeale, familia Engel
Politische Karriere und sozialer Aufstieg. Konservative und christlichsoziale Politiker aus Vorarlberg als Beispiel (1860-1918/19)
Authors: SCHNEIDER Karin
Published: April 2022

Political Career and Social Advancement. Conservative and Christian Social Politicians from Vorarlberg as an Example (1860-1918/19). As far as the political developments in Vorarlberg were concerned, Martin Thurnher and Johann Kohler have lived in a time of rapid changes. Many of the newly elected deputies to the provincial parliament in 1870, and later also to the Imperial Council, now came from a petty or lower middle-class milieu. For them, political involvement, supported by structural factors such as the successive extension of voting rights to lower social strata, and the increasingly professional self-organization of the Catholic-conservative camp, provided an opportunity for social mobility. Martin Thurnher and Johann Kohler are just two examples of how political engagement enabled social advancement. Further quantitative and qualitative research would provide important insights into the social processes set in motion by the emergence of modern mass parties and the expansion of political participation.
Article history: Received 1.12.2021; Revised 27.12.2021; Accepted 30.12.2021; Available online 13.04.2022.
Rezumat: Cariera politică şi promovarea socială. Exemplul unor politicieni conservatori şi creştin-sociali din Vorarlberg (1860-1918/19). În ceea ce priveşte evoluţiile politice din Vorarlberg, Martin Thurnher şi Johann Kohler au trăit într-o perioadă de schimbări. Mulţi dintre deputaţii nou aleşi în parlamentul provinciei în 1870, iar mai târziu şi în Consiliul Imperial, proveneau acum din clase sociale inferioare sau cel mult din straturile de jos ale clasei de mijloc. Pentru aceştia, implicarea politică, susţinută de factori structurali precum extinderea succesivă a dreptului de vot şi auto-organizarea tot mai profesionistă a taberei catolice-conservatoare, a reprezentat o oportunitate de mobilitate socială. Martin Thurnher şi Johann Kohler sunt doar două exemple ale modului în care implicarea politică a permis avansarea socială. Alte cercetări cantitative şi calitative vor informaţii importante despre procesele sociale puse în mişcare de apariţia partidelor moderne de masă şi de extinderea participării politice.
Cuvinte-cheie: mobilitate socială, parlamentarism, Monarhia Habsburgică, Consiliul Imperial
From university professorship to diplomacy. Gheorghe Taşcă – Plenipotentiary Minister of Romania in Germany (1930-1932)
Authors: VIȚALARU Adrian
Published: April 2022

In this study we analyse some aspects of Gheorghe Taşcă’s activity as Extraordinary Envoy and Plenipotentiary Minister of Romania to Germany. The focus is on Taşcă’s analysis of the economic and political situation in the Weimar Republic, as well as on his contribution to Romanian-German economic relations. We also want to observe how a head of legation from outside the diplomatic corps, as was Taşcă, but with expertise in the economic field, managed to face the challenges of a diplomatic mission that was difficult to manage.
Article history: Received 11.11.2021; Revised 3.12.2021; Accepted 18.12.2021; Available online 13.04.2022.
Rezumat: De la catedra universitară la diplomaţie. Gheorghe Taşcă - ministru plenipotenţiar al României în Germania (1930-1932). În studiul de faţă analizăm câteva aspecte ale activităţii lui Gheorghe Taşcă în postul de trimis extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar al României în Germania. Accentele cad asupra modului în care Taşcă a analizat situaţia economică şi politică din Republica de la Weimar, precum şi asupra contribuţiei sale în planul relaţiilor economice româno-germane. De asemenea, dorim să observăm modul în care un şef de legaţie provenit din afara corpului diplomatic, aşa cum era Taşcă, dar cu expertiză în domeniul economic, a reuşit să facă faţă provocărilor unei misiuni diplomatice dificil de manageriat.
Cuvinte cheie: diplomaţie, Gheorghe Taşcă, România, Republica de la Weimar, legaţie
Behind the Scenes of a National Show: The Coronation of King Ferdinand I and Queen Maria at Alba Iulia (15 October 1922)
Authors: TURCU Lucian Dorel
Published: April 2022

The present study examines the complications that the confessional situation of King Ferdinand I (namely the fact that, as a Catholic, he was excommunicated for almost two decades by the Holy See due to the flagrant violation of certain rules of conduct, and the reconciliation granted to him by the pontifical court at the end of the World War I presupposed the observance of strict conditions) generated in relation to the design and conduct of the royal coronation in Alba Iulia, on 15 October 1922. The plans of the various political decision-makers regarding the coronation ceremony, or the intentions of the Orthodox Church (an institution that had aspired to mark the event from a religious point of view) were meticulously negotiated at the top of the Catholic Church, a scenario of the coronation ceremony having thus been staged (mise en scène) in accordance with the requirements formulated by the pontifical diplomacy. This is therefore the aim of the present study, namely to untangle, for the first time in historiography, the complicated threads of an important public spectacle – the coronation of Romanian sovereigns in Alba Iulia – in whose preparation political intrigue, religious passions and diplomatic pressure were consumed.
Article history: Received 9.10.2021; Revised 17.11.2021; Accepted 6.12.2021; Available online 13.04.2022.
Rezumat: În culisele unui spectacol naţional: Încoronarea Regelui Ferdinand I şi a Reginei Maria la Alba Iulia (15 octombrie 1922). Prezentul studiu analizează complicaţiile pe care situaţia confesională a regelui Ferdinand I (anume faptul că, catolic fiind, a fost excomunicat vreme de aproape două decenii de către Sfântul Scaun din cauza încălcării flagrante a unor norme de conduită, iar reconcilierea care i s-a acordat din partea instanţei pontificale la finalul Primului Război Mondial a presupus respectarea unor condiţionalităţi stricte) le-a generat în raport cu proiectarea şi desfăşurarea încononării regale de la Alba Iulia, din 15 octombrie 1922. Planurile diverşilor decidenţi politici vizavi de ceremonia încoronării sau intenţiile Bisericii ortodoxe (instituţie care se ambiţionase să tuteleze din punct de vedere religios respectivul eveniment) au fost minuţios negociate la vârful Bisericii catolice, fiind pusă în scenă (mise en scène) o regie a festivităţii de încoronare în acord cu exigenţele formulate de diplomaţia pontificală. Aceasta reprezintă aşadar miza prezentului studiu, anume de a desluşi, în premieră istoriografică, complicatele iţe ale unui important spectacol public – încoronarea suveranilor României la Alba Iulia – în a cărui pregătire s-au consumat intrigi politice, pasiuni religioase şi presiuni diplomatice.
Cuvinte cheie: reconciliere, nuntiul Marmaggi, ceremonie, presiuni diplomatice, sărbătoare laică
Transformation Proposal for Tax Audit Policy in Indonesia: A Comparative Study on the Implementation of Tax Audit Policy in the Netherlands
Authors: Juwono Vishnu , Sardjono Lucas Filberto , Nagoro Lambang Pujo , Rini Esi Sekar , Siswantoro Dodik
Published: April 2022

A tax audit policy is intended to increase taxpayer compliance and trust towards tax authority. In Indonesia, the low level of trust carried out by tax audits observed from the taxpayer compliance level shows the shortcoming of implementing the tax audit system. Based on this phenomenon, this study is conducted to describe problems regarding the implementation of tax audit policy in Indonesia and provide recommendations for the Indonesian tax authority to transform tax audit policy practised by the tax audit system in the Netherlands. The Netherlands was selected as the research site, for this country is one of the OECD pioneers and has been part of AEoI. This study applied a qualitative approach. An in-depth interview was used to collect the data from competent parties in tax audits, both in Indonesia and the Netherlands. The findings showed that two factors caused the shortcoming of the tax audit system in Indonesia. First, the database was not maximal due to nonoptimal digitalisation and data integration. Second, the selection system for taxpayers to be audited was closed. Therefore, this study recommends that tax authorities in Indonesia develop an accountable and reliable tax audit system as implemented by tax authorities in the Netherlands. Tax audit optimisation can be done by increasing the database through digitalisation and data integration to facilitate information exchange. After implementing policy transformation, it is expected that taxpayer compliance and tax legitimacy will also increase
Zawartość azotu i podstawowych składników mineralnych w runi pastwiskowej w różnych latach jej użytkowania
Authors: Baryła Ryszard , Kulik Mariusz
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper was a comparison of the content of nitrogen and basic mineral components (P, K, Ca and Mg) in pasture sward in dependence on the period of utilization. The studies were carried out in 1996–2004 in a pasture experiment on peat-muck soil. Changes of the content of nutrients in the pasture sward were introduced in the first and third regrowth in two periods of utilization (years 1998–1999 and 2003–2004). Mixtures with different varieties of Lolium perenne were involved in research (Polish – ‘Anna’, ‘Arka’, ‘Maja’, ‘Rela’, ‘Solen’ and SZD-291 strain as well as Dutch – ‘Baristra’, ‘Barezane’ and ‘Barlano’). To estimate the chemical composition of fodder a sward of control mixture was chosen (without Lolium perenne) and mixtures with selected varieties of this species (‘Anna’, Maja’, ‘Solen’, ‘Baristra’, ‘Barezane’ and ‘Barlano’). The research stated appreciable differentiation of the most of studied components in dependence on regrowth as well as period of utilization. The content of nutrients was higher in the sward of third regrowth (except phosphorus), as well in the first and the second periods of utilization. Pasture fodder was characterized by a much by higher content of nitrogen in the second period of utilization (years 2003–2004). There was also found a higher content of potassium and calcium. However, the content of magnesium and phosphorus was not clearly diverse in dependence on the period of utilization. The content of the studied components oscillated in the range of optimum or higher values (mainly nitrogen in the second period of utilization).
Znaczenie wiechliny łąkowej (Poa pratensis L.) w zadarnieniu powierzchni pastwiska na glebie torfowo-murszowej
Authors: Warda Marianna , Stamirowska Ewa , Stamirowska Ewa , Greniuk Joanna , Ćwintal Helena
Published: April 2022

The grazing studies were conducted in the experiment established in 1996. The sown mixtures with Trifolium repens contained Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata. The grass mixtures were composed of the above mentioned grasses. One of the aims of these studies was to determine the role of Poa pratensis in the pasture surface cover on a peat-muck soil. Turfness of the pasture in the sowing year was 96.1% but the content of slow developing Poa pratensis in the sod was only 29.8%. Harsh conditions of the first winter weakened the vitality of this species. The content of Poa pratensis was increasing in the successive years, although thermal stresses during winter periods usually decreased stability of this species in the sod. At the end of these studies smooth-stalked meadow grass participated in the pasture surface cover in 45.9%. However, together with the age of sod, the turfness of the pasture was decreasing and the appearing unsown species did not ensure permanent pasture surface cover.
Ocena plonowania odnowionego użytku zielonego w dolinie Noteci
Authors: Sikorra Jacek
Published: April 2022

The aim of this research was to evaluate the yielding of two medow pasture mixtures with varyiny dominants used in the regeneration of a degenerated grassland. The field research was conducted in years 1998–2001 in the Notec Valey in the village Nowe D bie. The experimental field was established on a degenerated pasture on V quality class soil. In the sowing mixtures the dominant species (30 %) were different cultivars of meadow fescue: ’Skra’, ‘Pasja’, ‘Justa’ (model strain), BAH 197 as well as orchard grass cultivars: ‘Amera’ or ‘Astera’. The remaining components of the mixture were the cultivars of the following species: timothy grass – ‘Kaba’ (10 %), perennial ryegrass – ‘Argona’ (10 %), red fescue – “Atra” (15 %), white clover – ‘Rawo’ (20 %), red clover – ‘Karo’ (15 %). The swards were under cutting and grazing utilization. Cultivars of orchard grass were the ones to develop the best from all the sown dominants. The dynamic development suggests high usefulness of orchard grass cultivars in the sowing of meadows and pastures under similar habitat conditions. The cultivars and breading strain of meadow fescue did not develop well. No major influence of the model cultivars and breeding strain of meadow fescue on the assessed parameters was shown. Among other components of the sowing mixtures perennial ryegrass was the most expansive. The yielding of mixtures was strictly connected with the examined factors. With lower frequency of utilization and better development of the sown dominant a much higher yielding was reported.
Wartość gospodarcza zbiorowisk roślinnych w dolinie Huczwy
Authors: Wyłupek Teresa
Published: April 2022

The studied green lands are situated in south-eastern Poland (Lublin region, Tomaszów Lubelski district, Tyszowce commune). Samples of meadow sward (2x1m2 area each) were taken from plots of different plant communities to determine the hay yield, its utility value andmacroelements content. Furthermore, the content of total protein, P, K, Mg and Ca was determined applying commonly used techniques. The performed test revealed that hay of selected communities was characterized by protein level optimum or close to optimum for cattle. Most  hay samples were distinguished by phosphorus deficiency and only in a few cases they were abundant in magnesium, calcium and potassium. Among Phragmitetea class communities, the highest photo-mass yields were achieved from Caricetum ripariae. Also, meadows of the community were characterized by the highest number of utility value. Glycerietum maximae phytocenoses showed the lowest yields. Among Molinio-Arrhenathereta communities, plots from Alopecuretum pratensis meadows achieved the highest yields and at the same time they were chracterized by the highest utility value.
Kształtowanie zadarnienia i składu florystycznego zbiorowisk trawiastych pod wpływem zabiegów pratotechnicznych na składowisku popiołu EC Siekierki
Authors: Gutkowska Agnieszka , Pawluśkiewicz Bogumiła
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper was estimation of the state of plants of the ash dump Electrical Power Station "Siekierki” and a possibility of their improvement by changing pratotechnical cultivators intensity. Effect of fertilisation (160, 240, 360 kg/ha NKP) and mowing (2 and 4 cuts per year) on the soil cover and botanical components of three grasslands was studied. The most quickly improvement of turfness in hay-growing meadows community on the hilltop with frequent mowing was obtained. The improvement of turfness on the slopes, particularly in hay-growing meadows with the big part ruderal species community, was slower. The fertilisation decided about soil cover. The higher fertilisation and frequently mowing increased the percentage of low grasses in biomass.
Przydatność wybranych gatunków traw i roślin motylkowatych do biologicznej rekultywacji składowisk popiołów paleniskowych
Authors: Antonkiewicz Jacek , Radkowski Adam
Published: April 2022

Ash disposal sites should be covered by a vegetation mantle immediately after they have been formed in order to protect them against water and wind erosion and to ensure an aesthetic view of the countryside. The vegetal cover of scarps and terraces of disposal sites and ash heaps plays a most important role in biological reclamation of disposal site. Botanical composition was affected by the kind of used waste. Utilization of municipal sludge was beneficial for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growth, whereas the use of ash was more advantageous for red fescue (Festuca rubra). Among all sown plants tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) was the most susceptible species to biological recultivation of furnace ash fertilized with sludge. A high diversification of reclamation mixture yielding depending on sludge and ash dose was found. The yield of reclamation mixture ranged between 0.15 and 11.81 t/ha-1, depending on the object. The highest reclamation mixture yield was generated on the object where sludge was used with ash in 3/4:1/4 weight ratio, and the lowest was obtained on the object where only ash addition was applied.
Wpływ poziomów nawożenia mineralnego na plonowanie oraz jako nagoziarnistych i oplewionych odmian jęczmienia jarego i owsa
Authors: Szumiło Grzegorz , Racho Leszek
Published: April 2022

The microplot experiments were carried out in 2002–2004. The influence of varied NPK fertilization on the yielding, yield structure elements and nutrients of naked and hulled varieties of spring barley and oat was the study objective. The following elements were analyzed: ears (panicles) density, grain and protein yields, weight and number of grains per ear (panicle), weight of 1000 grains and test weight. The content of fiber, oil, ash, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium was also determined. A tendency to increase grain yield of barley and oat was observed after application of 200 kg NPK ha-1 in relation to the other levels of mineral fertilization. The highest grain yield was achieved after application of 200 kg NPK ha-1. Naked varieties of spring barley and oat yielded at the level of 67.7 and 75.8% in relation to their hulled varieties, respectively. Introducing 100 kg NPK ha-1 resulted in significant reduction of protein yield of barley. Mineral fertilization did not significantly affect the values of the elements of cereals yield structure. Hulled barley was characterized by a higher ears number and grain weight per ear than naked one. Hulled oat produced higher grain weight per panicle and weight of 1000 grains than naked one. Grains of naked barley and oat had significantly higher density at loose state. Levels of mineral fertilization significantly modified protein, oil, carbohydrates and calcium content in grains. Naked varieties of spring barley and oat contained significantly more protein, but less fiber and ash in grains than hulled ones. In addition, naked oat was characterized by the highest oil content.
Regeneracja roślin lucerny miesza cowej (Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata x subsp. sativa) z wierzchołków pędów
Authors: Doliński Romuald , Hefny Manal Mohamed Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Shoot tips (3–4 mm) were cut from young plants (7 days) and then placed on Petri dishes, on 12 inducing media. All media contained macroelements and a four times higher concentration of microelements as in MS medium, vitamins from B5 medium, 100 mg l-1 of myo-inositol, 0.5 g l-1 of proline and 3% sucrose. They differed with BAP content (2, 4, 6 mg l-1) and NAA (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg l-1). Explants were kept for 2 weeks in the dark at 23°C, then placed on MS medium complemented with 0.4 mg l-1 of BAP and 0.04 mg l-1 of NAA, and brought to cultivation room.  After 4 and 8 weeks, 2–3-leaved shoots were cut and placed in half-strength MS medium without hormones in order to root them. All three alfalfa varieties showed the ability for plant regeneration from the apical buds. Single shoots developed from explants induced on control mediums without cytokinin. The highest shoot regeneration efficiency (4.24–4.45) was observed after induction on media containing 2 mg l-1 of BAP. At the highest BAP concentration (6 mg l-1), the number of regenerated shoots decreased. Great differences as regarding the shoots regenerated by particular explants were observed (from 1 up to 11). About 52% of the shoots formed visible roots within 4 weeks. Almost 100% of the rooted plants transferred from in vitro cultures to pots survived.
The Pre-Exhaustion Method Does Not Increase Muscle Activity in Target Muscle During Strength Training in Untrained Individuals
Authors: Fujita Rafael , Silva Nilson , Bedo Bruno , Gomes Matheus
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the effects of the pre-exhaustion method on electromyographic activity (root mean square and median frequency) at different interval sets. Twenty adults with little or no experience in strength training performed the seated row exercise until muscular failure, with or without completing a previous pre-exhaustion set in a pullover exercise. Surface electrodes were placed over the latissimus dorsi, teres major, biceps brachii, and posterior deltoid muscles of the dominant side. The results showed no effect of pre-exhaustion on EMG activity of latissimus dorsi target muscle for any interval sets. Regarding median frequency, our results showed a consistent decrease throughout the sets (p>0.05). Also, our results revealed a decrease in posterior deltoid median frequency with pre-exhaustion (p=0.001). We conclude that the pre-exhaustion method seems ineffective in increasing the EMG activity of the desired muscle throughout all repetitions of strength training. Furthermore, pre-exhaustion seems to be a good way to increase fatigue in the posterior deltoid muscle.
Validity and Reliability of the Smart Groin Trainer for Measuring Hip Adduction Strength
Authors: Carlos Sousa António , Luís Marques Diogo , Manuel Calado António , Pacheco Carlos , Almeida Marinho Daniel , Cardoso Marques Mário , Filipe Travassos Bruno
Published: April 2022

We analyzed the Smart Groin Trainer device's validity and reliability to measure the isometric hip adduction strength during the adductor squeeze strength test. Fifteen professional soccer players (25.33±4.06 years) and fifteen university students (21.60±1.76 years) participated in this study. All participants performed the squeeze strength test using two portable dynamometers: Smart Groin Trainer and Globus Ergometer. Three maximal isometric hip adduction contractions lasting 5s, interspersed by 3min rest intervals, were performed. Reliability was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurements, and minimal detectable change. The absolute percent error and inter-device accuracy were also analyzed. Correlation analysis assessed the inter-device concurrent validity. The results found no significant differences (p>0.05) between devices in the squeeze strength test values in soccer players and university students. Inter-device comparisons revealed excellent levels of reliability and accuracy in soccer players. Concurrent validity measures revealed strong inter-device relationships in soccer players (r=0.89) and very strong relationships in university students (r=0.99). Intra-device analysis using the Smart Groin Trainer showed excellent relative and absolute reliability in tested soccer players. Our data demonstrated excellent levels of agreement between both dynamometers during the squeeze strength test, suggesting the Smart Groin Trainer as a valid, reliable, and accurate device to measure isometric hip adduction strength.
Effects of Postactivation Performance Enhancement on the Vertical Jump in High-Level Volleyball Athletes
Authors: P. Berriel Guilherme , S. Cardoso Ananda , R. Costa Rochelle , G. Rosa Rodrigo , B. Oliveira Henrique , Fernando M. Kruel Luiz , A. Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a training session with and without an intervention of postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) on countermovement jump (CMJ) height, perceived recovery status (PRS), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs), followed by a specific volleyball training session. The sample consisted of sixteen professional male volleyball players, with an average age of 26.8±6.1 years and average height of 195.9±6.7 cm, randomly divided into a group with PAPE intervention (GPAPE) (n=8), and a control group (CTRL) without PAPE intervention (n=8). The control group carried out the training session with plyometric exercises, and the GPAPE added conditioning protocols for PAPE to plyometric training, followed by a technical tactical volleyball session. At the end of the training session, there was an increase of 16.3% in the height of the CMJ in the GPAPE, while the CTRL showed a decrease of 5% in the height of the CMJ. PRS and RPE variables did not differ between the groups. It was concluded that PAPE had a positive effect on the height of the vertical jump after plyometric training, which was maintained until the end of the technical and tactical volleyball session.
Some Studies on Verifying the Applicability of Free Vibration-based Modes Shapes Method to Rectangular Shaped Cracks in a Cantilever Beam
Authors: Khalkar Vikas , Kumbhar S. G. , Hariharasakhtisudhan P. , Moshi A. A. M. , Jadhav S. D. , Kumbhar N. , Oak P. , Joshi P. S.
Published: April 2022

Cracks weaken structures. When the crack size increases in service, the structure becomes weaker than its earlier condition. Lastly, the structure may break down due to a small crack. Therefore, crack detection and classification is a fundamental issue. Many aspects of defects have already been addressed, but the application of non-destructive testing methods to structural materials has become more widespread. For a long time, vibration methods based on Natural Frequency and Mode Shapes have been used for possible cracks detection in the beams. The impact of arbitrary and random defect geometry on applying these methods has been overlooked. This study focuses on a mode shapes-based vibration analysis of a cracked cantilever beam to investigate this issue. The effects of crack geometries on mode shapes are examined theoretically and numerically using a new crack model (Rectangular shaped crack), which differs from the well-known V-shaped crack. A MATLAB code is written to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes for all cracked instances of beams. The mode shapes result of both the new (Rectangular), and V-shaped models are compared, and it is found that the results are less sensitive to the geometry change.
Numerical Study of Different Models for Turbulent Flow in 90° Pipe Bend
Authors: APALOWO Rilwan
Published: April 2022

The investigation of the turbulence statistics for single-phase turbulent flow around  pipe bends have mainly been experimental. Considering the cost-effectiveness of the numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) compared to experimental measurement, this work aims to study the accuracies of different CFD models, and establish their functionality and limitations. This paper investigates the capabilities of different numerical turbulence models and spatial discretization schemes for CFD analysis of a  pipe bend. The pipe has a curvature radius which is seven times the inside diameter and a Reynolds number of 34132. The numerical modelling was developed on the commercial CFD software, ANSYS Fluent, evaluating the following viscous models:,, Spalart-Allmaras and Reynolds Stress Models. The streamwise velocities of the flow at cross-stream planes along the bend at 45º and 75º were computed for each of the turbulence models under different discretization schemes. The numerical results were compared against the existing experimental data for streamwise velocity, in order to investigate the accuracies of the different models. The results showed that the realizable K-E and Spalart-Allmaras models exhibited the best agreements with the experimental measurements, with respective average errors of 3.83% and 3.27% under the first-order spatial discretization scheme. It was also observed that the velocity profiles obtained through the  K-W models (Standard and BSL), Transition SST and Reynolds Stress models exhibited better correlation with the experimental velocity profiles within the velocity transition region.
Liabilities and stockholders' equity of the world's leading publicly traded oil and gas corporations
Authors: SHIMKO Oleg V.
Published: April 2022

Subject. The article addresses liabilities and equity of twenty five leading publicly traded oil and gas companies from 2006 through 2018.
Objectives. The focus is on determining the current values of the main components of liabilities and equity, identifying the key trends over the period under study, and factors that led to changes.
Methods. The study rests on the methods of comparative and financial-economic analyses, summarizing financial reporting data.
Results. I determined changes in the size and structure of liabilities and equity in the stock market sector of the industry and established the main drivers of the transformation. I revealed an increase in the balance sheet valuation of liabilities and equity of most of the investigated companies within the studied period, despite a noticeable decrease in their value after the industry crisis. The components of liabilities and equity remained approximately equal, but the transformation in the ratio between the components occurred within the indicators themselves. The long-term component started prevailing in the liabilities’ structure. It was driven by growing total debt, which almost equaled the value of accounts payable. As a result, the total debt became the dominant component of long-term liabilities, and accounts payable retained key positions only in the short-term component. In turn, an increase in the share of minority shareholders was noted in the structure of equity, however their role for the industry’s stock market sector is still insignificant.
Conclusions. The main contribution to the growth of liabilities in the stock market sector of the oil and gas industry is made by the increase in the long-term component of the total debt of companies.
The concept, indicators and criteria of risk tolerance of the system of material and technical support to the combat readiness of the armed forces
Authors: VIKULOV Sergei F. , ZUBOV Aleksandr O. , NIKITIN Yurii A.
Published: April 2022

Subject. The system of material and technical support to the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation plays an extremely important role in ensuring the defensive ability of the country. The article offers indicators and criteria to assess risk tolerance of the logistics support to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which act as a solid foundation for theoretical and methodological framework development.
Objectives. Our aim is to develop a concept, indicators and criteria for risk tolerance of the logistics support to the combat readiness of the Armed Forces.
Methods. The study employs normative and integrated approaches to investigate the efficiency of public funds utilization in ensuring the combat readiness of the Russian Federation, and methods of retrospective, systems, functional, and structural analysis, observation, classification, grouping, sampling, comparison, generalization, dynamic analysis.
Results. The paper offers a set of measures and recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of budgetary funds utilization in the development of armaments and military and special purpose equipment, by assessing the risk tolerance of the system of logistical support to combat readiness of the Armed Forces.
Conclusions. The Russian Federation needs a comprehensive program for assessing the risks and risk tolerance of the logistics system to support the combat readiness of the Armed Forces from the stage of substantiating the initial contract price to the stage of serial production.
Internal control in credit institutions over receiving/providing gifts and invitations for business events and lunches with participation of employees
Authors: EFREMOVA Yuliya S.
Published: April 2022

Subject. The article considers the process of organizing internal control over the provision/receipt of gifts and invitations to events with the participation of employees of credit institutions.
Objectives. The aim is to analyze the handling of gifts and/or invitations with the participation of employees as one of the functions of internal control unit of credit institutions.
Methods. The study employs general scientific techniques and methods, like logical analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison, scientific abstraction, and other methods of scientific knowledge, my own professional experience in the banking sector, and provisions of Russian regulatory documents in the field of anti-corruption and provision/receipt of gifts in organizations.
Results. The paper examines the place of handling the process of receiving/providing gifts and invitations among the functions of the internal control unit of credit institutions, provides basic definitions, analyzes foundations and participants in this process, and gives illustrative practical examples. It reveals that the function of the internal control unit for handling gifts and/or invitations to business events with the participation of credit institution employees is very important in the light of direct impact of this process on corruption, reputational risks, and a possible conflict of interests.
Conclusions. The findings can be used in routine operations of credit institutions, as well as in scientific and teaching activities for disciplines Finance, Money Circulation and Credit, Internal Control and Audit, and Risk Management.
An assessment of phase relationships between heat fluxes and ground surface temperatures in a diurnal cycle based on monitoring studies at the Verkhnee Dubrovo meteorological station
Authors: Demezhko D. Yu. , Gornostaeva A. A. , Antipin A. N.
Published: April 2022

Research subject. The relationships between heat fluxes and ground surface temperatures in a diurnal cycle.

Methods. Experimental studies, including actinometric observations and monitoring of surface temperatures and surface heat fluxes for a soil and an artificial layer, were performed at the Verkhnee Dubrovo meteorological station in 2020.

Results. The surface heat flux varies synchronously both with the total solar radiation near the earth’s surface and insolation at the upper boundary of the atmosphere. Maximal values of these heat fluxes are observed at the solar noon. The temperature response lags behind them by the time interval determined by the soil’s thermal heterogeneity. In this study, we extend our model of the ground surface temperature response to external radiative forcing, which was developed earlier, to the case of a thermal inhomogeneous half-space. An analytical expression for the simplest case of inhomogeneity (the presence of an upper layer with thermal properties different from those of the underlying rocks) is given and investigated. If the upper layer demonstrates a reduced thermal conductivity, the phase shift between the heat flux and the temperature response decreases in comparison with the value for a homogeneous half-space (45°).

Conclusion. The soil studies conducted at the “Verkhnee Dubrovo” meteorological station allowed us to construct a thermophysical section and to verify the previously developed model using experimental data. The errors of theoretical estimates, in general, do not exceed those of the phase estimate at a 10-minute sampling rate. The obtained results can be applied when conducting climatic (including palaeoclimatic) and environmental studies, as well as when investigating heat exchange processes on artificial urban surfaces and their role in the formation of urban heat islands.
Conceptual basis for creation of national toponymic geographic information system
Authors:   Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Technology, Alguliyev Rasim , Jafarov Yedgar ,   Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Technology, Gurbanova Afruz ,   Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Technology
Published: April 2022

The issues related to the geographic information systems and spatial databases play an important role in toponymic research. The interest for this field is due to the expansion of the use of geographic data. This article examines the functions of toponymy, and analyzes the impact of historical events and processes, the change of socio-economic formations on toponymy. It highlights these patterns represented in the Azerbaijani toponyms system. Globalization and Internet technologies have necessitated an access to reliable spatial data. Therefore, the urgent task of regional onomastics is the creation of electronic regional databases, the formation of a single database linking toponymic data from all regions of Azerbaijan. This article substantiates the need for the creation of the National Toponymic Geographic Information System in Azerbaijan.
Digitalization of law communication in the information society
Authors:   Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov (IEML), Skorobogatov Andrey
Published: April 2022

The article examines the digitalization of law communication as the most important feature of the development of the law reality of the information society. On the basis of the discursive-communicative methodology, the communicative nature of virtual reality and the role of law means in ensuring conflict-free interaction of its subjects are analyzed. It is concluded that the manifestation of digitalization of law reality is the construction of cyber law, which simultaneously acts as a form of virtual law discourse and an institution of digital law. Cyber law is a set of rules conventionally formed in the process of law communication that regulate relations between two or more persons regarding virtual property and personal non-property benefits. The construction of cyber law is carried out in the process of law communication and is a conventional result of interaction that ensures conflict-free coexistence of virtual communities based on value orientations. The polyphonic nature of virtual law communication determines that cyber law is a fragmented set of relatively independent normative arrays of separate virtual communities that have only minimally common features that can be designated as the principles of cyber law (anonymity, conventionality, inviolability of private property, publicity).
Industry 4.0 and its aberrations
Authors:   Company de Candia – Via Salgari, 6 – 70038 Terlizzi (BA) - Italy, Candia Gioacchino
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the Program known as Industry 4.0, three years after its entry into force. Many shadows and few lights, which in the intentions of the Government that has launched this plan should positively revolutionize the Italian business and corporate structure, to produce a new “economic miracle”. The program suffers from an excess of rules, often in contradiction with each other, that make the path of “Industry 4.0” extremely cumbersome. The unsuccessful attempt of the so-called “jobs act” is also added, which according to the “Renzi government” should have produced an improvement in the conditions of the workers, but which in fact did not produce beneficial effects in the labor market.
Analysis of international experience in the formation of a culture of information security in society
Authors:   Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Technology, Mahmudova Rasmiyya
Published: April 2022

The rapid development of information and communication technologies, the increase in sources of information, the electronization of many services in all areas, the emergence of new means of communication between people, the collection of personal data in various information systems and other realities create new opportunities for development. On the other hand, the use of information to manipulate people's minds, to create chaos in society, actualizes the development of a culture of information security in society. The article analyzes the experience of developed countries in the formation of information security culture. As part of the documents, challenges and measures taken by international organizations such as the UN, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the experience of individual countries in raising the level of information security culture of professionals, citizens and various groups, as well as educators, children and youth, was studied and summarized. The study used methods of systematization, generalization, comparative analysis. The results of the study may be useful to institutions responsible for ensuring information security in society.
La familia como escenario territorial en la transmisión cultural de la paz.
Authors: Rodríguez Cortés Astrid Bibiana , Rodríguez Villamil Hernán , Chávez Plazas Yuri Alicia
Published: April 2022

El artículo cuestiona desde la relación madre-hijo, si en la cotidianidad vivida como un escenario territorial, las prácticas, los valores y las creencias se orientan a la paz. La investigación realizada con madres en Bogotá y desde un diseño cualitativo muestran prácticas y discursos hegemónicos de regulación, disciplina y cuidado que fortalecen actitudes y prácticas para la convivencia, el respeto y la responsabilidad con los hijos. Las participantes naturalizan su rol y lo enmarcan en la imagen de mujer y madre destinada a cuidar y educar a sus hijos. No reconocen su contribución a la paz, ni dan importancia a los Acuerdos de la Habana.
Estrategia de Seguridad Aérea y Espacial Nacional
Authors: Cabrera Ortiz Fabricio , Ospina Gutiérrez Luis Mauricio , Bocanegra Bernal Federico , Mosquera Dueñas Juan Francisco S.M. , Bueno Pineda Adilson Nevardo , Salamanca Rodríguez Edgar Alexander , Correa Duque Fernando
Published: April 2022

El presente documento enuncia la Estrategia de Seguridad Aérea y Espacial Nacional que reviste una alta importancia en la seguridad del espacio aéreo y ultraterrestre de la nación, y cuyos conceptos se encuentran ampliamente descritos y desarrollados en el presente documento, con base a la referencia propuesta en la Estrategia Multdimensional de Seguridad Nacional (2018- 2028). En esta dirección, se proponen unos objetivos y líneas de acción que por supuesto buscan dar cumplimiento a los fnes establecidos en la presente estrategia. La Estrategia de Seguridad Aérea y Espacial Nacional que se plantea, se encuentra organizada en cinco capítulos. El primero de ellos titulado “Antecedentes”, se describen los antecedentes normativos e históricos de la seguridad aeroespacial que tenen como elemento común la evolución conforme se iba desarrollando las guerras, ya que el actuar militar generaba interés y alternatvas para enriquecer y robustecer todas las herramientas espaciales. De esta manera se muestra cómo nació la preocupación por la regulación de esta modalidad de estrategia militar y como el Derecho Internacional pone su mirada en este ámbito dirigiendo la ruta normativa mediante la cual los Estados establecieran sus facultades sobre el espacio aéreo con un conjunto de límites y libertades en ejercicio de su soberanía.