bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du Moi comme apophatisme: Maurice Barrès, Emil Cioran, Philippe Muray.
Authors: Paigneau David
Published: December 2019

In the theological field, the term apophatism refers to a negative approach of defining God by what he is not rather than by what he is. This way of thinking can be applied to the definition of the writer’s Me as it appears in the literary works, since the Me, although being a factual obviousness, can only be defined by being opposed to anything it is not. Maurice Barrès, Emil Cioran and Philippe Muray approached, through this oppositional way, the question of the writer’s Litterary Me; this comparative study will attempt to confront their respective approaches to the Me and to its inscription in the historical time.

En théologie, l’apophatisme désigne une approche négative consistant à définir Dieu par ce qu’il n’est pas plutôt que par ce qu’il est. Par analogie, cette méthode de pensée peut s’appliquer à la définition du Moi de l’écrivain tel qu’il apparaît dans l’œuvre littéraire, puisque le Moi, quoiqu’étant une évidence factuelle, ne se laisse définir que négativement, par opposition à tout ce qui est autre que lui-même. Maurice Barrès, Emil Cioran et Philippe Muray ont en commun de s’être penchés, à travers cette approche négative, sur la question du Moi littéraire de l’écrivain; cette étude comparatiste tentera de confronter leurs écritures respectives du Moi et de son inscription dans le temps historique.
Marcel Schwob, illusionniste de vies
Authors: Ríos Romero Francisco
Published: December 2019

Este artículo aborda los aspectos teóricos de la biografía y la autobiografía, géneros con aspiraciones históricas y contenidos testimoniales, y su fusión con otros géneros literarios como la novela, el cuento, el ensayo lo que ha engendrado otras modalidades como la bioficción o la autoficción. Esta división entre el contenido referencial y el imaginario así como la imposibilidad de determinar muchas veces donde está la realidad o la ficción en los relatos biográficos ha producido un debate entre diferentes escritores y críticos que ha favorecido en nuestros días el interés por estas obras de carácter biográfico. Un gran número de escritores que cultivan esta literatura tienen a un autor del siglo XIX, Marcel Schwob como uno de los escritores que más ha influido en esta literatura al fusionar en sus biografías realidad y ficción. Tomando como eje central  la obra de este autor, este articulo trata de mostrar cómo muchas de las actuales características del género fueron desarrolladas  por este autor. 

This article has as subject the theoretical aspects about biography and autobiography, genres connected with the history and with factual contents, and their fusion with other literary genres as the roman, the tales or the essay and how this fusion has generated other modes like the biofiction and autofiction. This division between factual or imaginary contents and the impossibility to determine where it’s the reality or the fiction in the biographical stories has produced a debate among several writers and critics that benefits nowadays the interest in the biographical literature. Many writers of biographical narrative think that Marcel Schwob, an author of XIX century, is one of more influencer writers in this literature for combining fiction and reality in his biographical compositions. By taking as main subject the works of this author, this article shows that many actual characteristics of biographical narrative have been exposed for this author.   

This article has as subject the theoretical aspects about biography and autobiography, genres connected with the history and with factual contents, and their fusion with other literary genres as the roman, the tales or the essay and how this fusion has generated other modes like the biofiction and autofiction. This division between factual or imaginary contents and the impossibility to determine where it’s the reality or the fiction in the biographical stories has produced a debate among several writers and critics that benefits nowadays the interest in the biographical literature. Many writers of biographical narrative think that Marcel Schwob, an author of XIX century, is one of more influencer writers in this literature for combining fiction and reality in his biographical compositions. By taking as main subject the works of this author, this article shows that many actual characteristics of biographical narrative have been exposed for this author.
Le je lyrique chez Léopold Sédar Senghor
Authors: Bobo Rostand Sylvanius
Published: December 2019

El lirismo es una forma de expresión que extiende su imperio a todas las artes. En la literatura, fue traído a su cima por el romanticismo que lo hizo su línea de fuerza. Ha conocido una variedad de fortunas desde entonces. Asumido por algunos, vilificados por otros, sigue siendo hoy en día el corazón de las preocupaciones de muchos críticos. Nuestro estudio propone estudiar la letra I en un poema de Leopold Sédar Senghor: el Kaya Magan, extraído de su colección Etícuos. Es una contribución humilde a las numerosas obras dedicadas a esta importante figura de la literatura Afroafricana, principalmente a aquellos que tienen como eje principal la dimensión lírica. La prueba una vez más que el lirismo y el compromiso pueden ser una buena limpieza. Es un enfoque lingüístico de la autoescritura que incorpora referencias al contexto sociohistórico.

Lyricism is a form of expression that extends its empire to all arts. In literature, it was brought to its pinnacle by the romanticism that made it its line of strength. He has known a variety of fortunes since then. Assumed by some, vilified by others, it remains today still at the heart of the concerns of many critics. Our study proposes to study the lyric I in a poem by Leopold Sédar Senghor: the Kaya Magan, extracted from his collection Ethiopiques. It is a humble contribution to the many works devoted to this major figure of the Negro-African literature, mainly to those who have as a major axis the lyrical dimension. The proof once again that lyricism and commitment can be good housekeeping. It is a linguistic approach to self-writing that incorporates references to the socio-historical context.

Le lyrisme est une forme d’expression qui étend son empire à tous les arts. En littérature, il a été porté à son pinacle par le romantisme qui en a fait sa ligne de force. Il a connu des fortunes diverses depuis. Assumé par les uns, vilipendé par les autres, il demeure aujourd’hui encore au cœur des préoccupations de nombreux critiques. Notre étude se propose d’étudier le je lyrique dans un poème de Léopold Sédar Senghor : Le Kaya Magan, extrait de son recueil Éthiopiques. Elle se veut une humble contribution aux nombreux travaux consacrés à cette figure majeure de la littérature négro-africaine, principalement à ceux qui ont pour axe majeur la dimension lyrique. La preuve une fois encore que le lyrisme et engagement peuvent faire bon ménage. C’est une approche linguistique de l’écriture de soi qui intègre les références au contexte socio-historique.Mots-clés : Lyrisme-je lyrique/ethos poétique-ode-négritude
Marivaux contra la tiranía: la utopía igualitaria de Lîle des esclaves
Authors: Ibeas-Altamira Juan Manuel
Published: December 2019

Este artículo propone un estudio de "La isla de los esclavos" (1725) de Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux. Este novelista y dramaturgo france´s escribi´numerosas obras analizando las etapas del amor y l fragilidad de los sentimientos y de la pasión amorosa; pero un análisis en profundidad revela una "revolucionaria" ideología. Si hoy endía todo el mundo está de acuerdo en considerar la esclavitud como carente de toda ética, en el siglo XVIII este comercio producía la mitad de las riquezas europeas, por lo que los argumentos de Marivaux no resultaban fáciles de aceptar.

 

In this article we propose the study of Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux’s “L’île des esclaves” (1725). This French novelist and dramatist wrote numerous comedies analyzing the stages of love and the fragility of feelings and amorous desire; but a further study shows a “revolutionary” ideology. In this retro-chronotope Marivaux attacks slavery and invites us to consider the ethics of our choices and actions. If today slavery is one of the things that everyone agrees is unethical, in the eighteenth century this trade made up about de half of Europe’s income, and Marivaux’s arguments were not so easy to accept

Cet article propose une étude de “L’île des esclaves » de Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (1725). Ce romancier et dramaturge analysa dans ses œuvres les progrès de l’amour et la fragilité des sentiments et de la passion amoureuse ; mais une étude approfondie nous révèle son idéologie « révolutionnaire ». Dans cette retro-chronotopie Marivaux s’attaque à l’esclavage et nous invite à réfléchir sur l’éthique de nos choix et de nos actions. Si de nos jours le caractère immoral de l’esclavage fait l’unanimité, au XVIIIe siècle les arguments de Marivaux n’étaient pas faciles à accepter, puisque la moitié des richesses de l’Europe avaient leur origine dans la traite négrière.
El diseño web y material didáctico accesible en la enseñanza universitaria
Authors: Jaume Mayol Jaume , Perales Francisco , Negre-Bennasar Francisca , Fontanet Nadal Gabriel
Published: December 2019

Este artículo pretende dar una visión actualizada de la implantación de los procesos de diseño universal aplicados al diseño web. Para ello se presentan las pautas de accesibilidad actuales y su aplicación en el desarrollo de web accesibles y una valoración de su cumplimiento en un conjunto representativo de universidades públicas. Los resultados que se obtienen indican que el nivel de accesibilidad no cumple los requisitos de la legislación española provocando que los estudiantes universitarios experimentan grandes dificultades para acceder a la información de los espacios virtuales, provocando, en consecuencia, una baja presencia de estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad y, en definitiva, un nivel inferior de ocupación laboral con respecto a la población sin discapacidad.

This document shows a current review of the universal web design appliance. In this sense, a general accessible web design criteria and its usage to create accessible webs are presented. Additionally, an analysis of the accessible web design level in Spanish universities are presented, in order to determine the level of compliance of the legal rules of accessible access to digital resources. Many disabled people has a lot of difficulties to study, caused by low accessible web design levels, and for this reason they have lower possibilities to work than non-disabled people.
Influence of Future Prescribers’ Personal and Clinical Experiences With Opioids on Plans to Treat Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Mort Sophia C. , Díaz Sebastián R. , Miller Charman , Bowlby Melissa , Henderson Deborah , Beverly Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2019

Context

Recreational use of opioids is a growing problem in the United States, particularly in the Midwest. Educators have called for inclusion of pain- and opioid-specific courses in health professional school curricula, yet more research is needed to address future prescribers’ beliefs, experiences, and postgraduate plans related to opioids.

Objective

To examine health professional students’ perceived severity of the opioid crisis and opioid-related beliefs, experiences, and postgraduate plans.

Methods

Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, researchers evaluated health professional students from 3 academic programs (nurse practitioner [NP], physician assistant [PA], and doctor of osteopathic medicine [DO]) using a 25-item survey that assessed perceived opioid crisis severity and opioid-related beliefs, experiences, and postgraduate plans. Demographics of respondents were assessed using descriptive statistics and frequencies. Responses were compared between academic programs with 1-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and relationships between students’ experiences and postgraduate plans were assessed.

Results

A total of 491 students (mean [SD] age, 27.2 [5.4] years; 62.7% female; 68.2% DO students) participated in the survey (response rate, 40.4%). The opioid crisis was perceived to be severely impacting the health care system (mean [SD] score, 79.7 [16.8] out of 100), and most respondents (415 [84.5%]) reported that opioid use affected their communities. Clinical experience varied by program, with NP students (75 [81.5%]) reporting the most experience treating acute overdose. Most respondents (317 [64.6%]) agreed that their postgraduate practice would involve caring for patients addicted to opioids; however, only 232 students (47.3%) felt confident in their ability to treat patients with addiction. Experiences managing acute overdose and handling drug-seeking behavior were positively associated with a belief that postgraduate work would involve working with patients with addiction (U=38,275.5, Z=5.92, P<.001; U=25,346.0, Z=4.94, P<.001) and confidence in treating patients with opioid addictions (U=36,806.5, Z=4.96, P<.001; U=23,765.5, Z=3.66, P<.001).

Conclusion

Although health professional students had similar beliefs and perceptions regarding the opioid crisis, there were notable differences between academic programs. Students with clinical opioid experiences were more likely to plan on working with patients addicted to opioids and be confident in treating these patients. Thus, the inclusion of experiential learning in the medical curricula may be beneficial for both students and their future patients.
Who Uses Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment? A Prospective, Observational Study Conducted by DO-Touch.NET
Authors: Johnson Jane C. , Degenhardt Brian F.
Published: December 2019

Context

Information about the characteristics of patients who use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is limited.

Objective

To determine the scope of conditions being managed with OMT and describe the characteristics of patients who receive OMT.

Methods

Researchers conducted a longitudinal, observational study on the use and effectiveness of OMT at 17 clinics where clinicians (ie, osteopathic and allopathic physicians and Canadian-trained osteopaths) provided OMT. Adult patients receiving OMT completed questionnaires immediately before, immediately after, and daily for 7 days after treatment. Data collected from patients included demographic information, chief complaint(s) and their severity, and health-related quality of life. Physical examination findings, treatment, and medical diagnosis documentation were extracted from medical records. Census data were used to assess whether patients were representative of the population of the county where the clinic was located.

Results

Data were collected from 927 patients at 1924 office visits. A majority of patients were women (690 [75%]), white (854 [96%]), and not Hispanic or Latinx (707 [95%]). The mean (SD) age was 51.9 (15.9) years. When compared with census data, the sample had higher percentages of women, people aged 65 years and older, people who identified as white, people who were high school and college graduates, and people with higher household incomes than that of the county population. The most common chief complaints from patients were pain or discomfort in the lower back (311 [34%]) and neck (277 [30%]), which corresponded with the most common medical diagnoses. Patients reported that OMT, surgery, and medications were the most helpful treatments they had used previously for their chief complaint(s). Before receiving OMT, patients’ health-related quality of life was significantly worse (P≤.05) than that of the general US population.

Conclusions

Adult patients receiving OMT are being treated primarily for musculoskeletal pain conditions, are not representative of the population of the county where the clinic was located, and have worse health-related quality of life than that of the general population. Information about the characteristics of patients who use OMT is important for defining osteopathic distinctiveness and identifying potential areas for increasing the use of OMT. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02395965)
Do Practices such as Dowry and Bride Prices Relate to Violence Among Migrants in OECD countries?
Authors: Yuol Anyier Deng
Published: December 2019

This systematic review aims to make a significant contribution to knowledge on dowry and bride price practices in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, with a focus on Sudan, Zimbabwe and India.  While, existing research evidences the ongoing prevalence of dowry and bride price among some migrant communities, there remains substantial gaps in research. The protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. It highlights the scope and methodology for the systematic review to be conducted. Studies will be included if they: (i) were conducted in English; (ii) if they were published between December 1993 and December 2019 because this is the period the dowry-related violence was included into the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (iii) used qualitative, quantitative methods or mixed methods; were peer reviewed or grey literature; and (iv) covered analysed dowry and bride price practices and its impact among migrant communities in the OECD countries. Data extraction will be informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Review for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. The quality of evidence of the studies included will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for qualitative and quantitative studies, the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance (AACODS) tool for grey literature and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) tool for mixed methods studies. Kappa statistics agreement will be used as an additional step to ensure quality ratings are fair and valid. The findings will be summarised into themes and narrated.
Effects of Different Rates of Cattle Manure on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in a Sub-tropical Environment of Eswatini (Swaziland)
Authors: Mabuza Tandzisile Z. , Masarirambi Michael T. , Nxumalo Kwanele A. , Wahome Paul K.
Published: December 2019

Green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable in the Kingdom of Eswatini. However, there is rare information on pepper production using cattle manure.  The experiment was conducted at the University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, in the Horticulture Department Lath-house to determine the effects of different rates of cattle manure on the growth and yield of green pepper in order to come up with a suitable application rate for green pepper. Cattle manure was applied at different rates of 20, 40, 60 and 80 tons/ha in a Randomized Complete Block Design, while 2:3:2 which was used as a control was applied at 150 kg/ha. For every increase in the application level/rate of the cattle manure, there was a considerable increase in the growth parameters that were measured. Results obtained from this experiment indicate that applying cattle manure at 80 tons/ha gave relatively higher yields. This cattle manure rate can be used by farmers in green pepper production.
The Experimentally Determined Velocity of Catalysis could be Higher in the Absence of Sequestration
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I. , Olalere Onigbinde Abraham
Published: December 2019

Background: It is not unusual to observe calculated “total” free enzyme ([E]) in enzyme catalysed reaction, but this should include total enzyme-substrate complex ([EST]) which accounts for sequestration.

Objectives: 1) To show indirectly that the velocities of catalytic action can be higher than experimentally observed velocities without sequestration and 2) redefine the relationship between velocity of hydrolysis with Michaelian enzyme and [E], where concentration of substrate, [ST] <  Michaelis-Menten constant, KM.

Methods: A theoretical research and experimentation using Bernfeld method to determine velocities of amylolysis with which to mathematically calculate [EST] and the enzyme-substrate complex ([ES]) prepared for product, P, formation.

Results: The [EST] is < [E]; [EST] and pseudo-first order constant, k decreased with increasing [ST] and increased with increasing concentration of enzyme [ET] while velocity amylolysis, v and maximum velocity of amylolysis, vmax expectedly increased with increasing [ET] and [ST].

Conclusion: The fact is that the [EST] is lower than what is usually referred to as free enzyme ([ET] - [ES]). Therefore, if the additional part of [EST] dissociated into product within the duration of assay, the velocity of amylolysis could be higher. The most important outcome and corollary when [KM] > [ST] is that v a 1/[E], v a [E][ST] and a quadratic relationship exists between pseudo-first order rate constant and maximum velocity of amylolysis; separately, v is not a [E] and if v a [ST] (if v/[ST] is constant with coefficient of determination = 1), then KM is not applicable.
Mandibular Osteomyelitis in Concurrence with Psoriasis: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: He Hong , Xia Xinyu , Zhou Jinhan , Deng Xiaotong , Lu Kejie , Li Er , Wu Qingzhu
Published: December 2019

Mandibular osteomyelitis in a patient with psoriasis is an uncommonly clinical manifestation while there is an increasing number of reports and studies on involvements of stomatology in psoriasis, especially the death of a patient via or not via Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has never been reported. To review the management and possible mechanisms in pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis, as well as the relative involvements between stomatology and psoriasis the typical case with pictures and files is reviewed and literature is collected.Wekeepthe knowledge that psoriasis is either a primary keratinocyte disorder or an immunocyte-mediated chronic skin inflammatory disease while bone marrow is under suspected for immunopathogenesis. More association of stomatologic conditions with psoriasis is emerging. Conclusively, allogeneic BMT and new knowledge are worth to be stressed by both stomatological and dermatological doctors. Further insights of this kind of auto immunologic disease are under its developing.
An Over View of Ovine and Caprine Dermatophytosis
Authors: Abdalla Wisal G.
Published: December 2019

Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of hair and keratinized layers of the epidermis and is caused by keratinophilic and keratinolytic genera such as Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The animal age and trauma are important predisposing factors of disease. Show lambs are more susceptible to ringworm. T. verrucosum has been cited as a major agent encountered in cases of ovine and caprine ringworm. Lesions in lambs are most often noticed on the head while in goats lesions can occur beside head in pinnae, neck, and legs. The disease can be diagnosed by direct examination, fungal culture, skin biopsy and molecular diagnostic methods. This review will forecast more light on the different aspects of this disease.
Endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1c promotes stem cell traits and aggressiveness in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Pérez‐Moreno Pablo , Indo Sebastián , Niechi Ignacio , Huerta Hernán , Cabello Pablo , Jara Lilian , Aguayo Francisco , Varas‐Godoy Manuel , Burzio Verónica A. , Tapia Julio C.
Published: December 2019

Endothelin‐1 is a mitogenic peptide that activates several proliferation, survival, and invasiveness pathways. The effects of endothelin‐1 rely on its activation by endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1 (ECE1), which is expressed as four isoforms with different cytoplasmic N termini. Recently, isoform ECE1c has been suggested to have a role in cancer aggressiveness. The N terminus of ECE1c is phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase 2), and this enhances its stability and promotes invasiveness in colorectal cancer cells. However, it is not known how phosphorylation improves stability and why this is correlated with increased aggressiveness. We hypothesized that CK2 phosphorylation protects ECE1c from N‐terminal ubiquitination and, consequently, from proteasomal degradation. Here, we show that lysine 6 is the bona fide residue involved in ubiquitination of ECE1c and its mutation to arginine (ECE1cK6R) significantly impairs proteasomal degradation, thereby augmenting ECE1c stability, even in the presence of the CK2 inhibitor silmitasertib. Furthermore, colorectal cancer cells overexpressing ECE1cK6R displayed enhanced cancer stem cell (CSC) traits, including increased stemness gene expression, chemoresistance, self‐renewal, and colony formation and spheroid formation in vitro, as well as enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These findings suggest that CK2‐dependent phosphorylation enhances ECE1c stability, promoting an increase in CSC‐like traits. Therefore, phospho‐ECE1c may be a biomarker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
Dexamethasone promotes mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis and inhibits osteogenesis by disrupting mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Ma Liang , Feng Xiaobo , Wang Kun , Song Yu , Luo Rongjin , Yang Cao
Published: December 2019

Long‐term or heavy use of glucocorticoids can cause severe necrosis of the femoral head, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in femoral head necrosis. Here, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on the mitochondrial function of mesenchymal stem cells. We observed that high concentrations of dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) decreased cell activity, promoted apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) inhibited osteogenesis of stem cells and promoted adipogenesis. These findings may facilitate greater understanding of the adverse effects of dexamethasone on the femoral head.
Tuning of Smart Multifunctional Polymer Coatings Made by Zwitterionic Phosphorylcholines
Authors: Münch Alexander S. , Adam Stefan , Fritzsche Tina , Uhlmann Petra
Published: December 2019

In the last years, the generation of multifunctional coatings has been moved into the focus of interface modifications to expand the spectrum of material applications and to introduce new smart properties. Herein a promising multifunctional and universally usable coating with simultaneous antifouling, easy‐to‐clean, and anti‐fog functionality is presented based on smart polymer films consisting of copolymers with 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), realizing the function of the film and photoreactive 4‐benzophenyl methacrylate (BPO), which is responsible for stability and crosslinking. The easy‐to‐clean effect is demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively by oil droplet detachment experiments. The antifouling behavior against different germs is investigated by cell adhesion experiments. Furthermore the anti‐fog performance is shown by breathing on the surfaces. To study the influence of the different amounts of copolymerized BPO, the grafted films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), as well as contact angle measurements. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is performed to investigate the swelling behavior of the thin films as a function of the time of UV‐irradiation. It is found that a degree of swelling of 15 and a water contact angle of less than 12° are the key parameters necessary for the generation of multifunctional coatings.
High‐Efficiency Thermoelectric Power Generation Enabled by Homogeneous Incorporation of MXene in (Bi,Sb)2Te3 Matrix
Authors: Lu Xiaofang , Zhang Qihao , Liao Jincheng , Chen Hongyi , Fan Yuchi , Xing Juanjuan , Gu Shijia , Huang Jilong , Ma Jiaxin , Wang Jiancheng , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan
Published: December 2019

The (Bi,Sb)2Te3 (BST) compounds have long been considered as the benchmark of thermoelectric (TE) materials near room temperature especially for refrigeration. However, their unsatisfactory TE performances in wide‐temperature range severely restrict the large‐scale applications for power generation. Here, using a self‐assembly protocol to deliver a homogeneous dispersion of 2D inclusion in matrix, the first evidence is shown that incorporation of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) into BST can simultaneously achieve the improved power factor and greatly reduced thermal conductivity. The oxygen‐terminated Ti3C2Tx with proper work function leads to highly increased electrical conductivity via hole injection and retained Seebeck coefficient due to the energy barrier scattering. Meanwhile, the alignment of Ti3C2Tx with the layered structure significantly suppresses the phonon transport, resulting in higher interfacial thermal resistance. Accordingly, a peak ZT of up to 1.3 and an average ZT value of 1.23 from 300 to 475 K are realized for the 1 vol% Ti3C2Tx/BST composite. Combined with the high‐performance composite and rational device design, a record‐high thermoelectric conversion efficiency of up to 7.8% is obtained under a temperature gradient of 237 K. These findings provide a robust and scalable protocol to incorporate MXene as a versatile 2D inclusion for improving the overall performance of TE materials toward high energy‐conversion efficiency.
Semen cryopreservation in golden‐headed lion tamarin,Leontopithecus chrysomelas
Authors: Arakaki Paloma Rocha , Salgado Paula Andrea Borges , Losano João Diego de Agostini , Gonçalves Débora Rodrigues , Valle Rodrigo del Rio do , Pereira Ricardo José Garcia , Nichi Marcilio
Published: December 2019

Wild animal genetic resource banking (GRB) represents a valuable tool in conservation breeding programs, particularly in cases involving endangered species such as the golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Thus, we aimed to assess a sperm freezing protocol for golden‐headed lion tamarins using two different exenders: BotuBOV® (BB) and Test Yolk Buffer® (TYB). Ejaculates were collected by penile vibrostimulation from animals housed at São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil, and after immediate analysis, two aliquots were diluted in BB and TYB. Postthawing samples were evaluated for total and progressive motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, mitochondrial activity, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and sperm–egg‐binding. No differences between BB and TYB were found for most seminal parameters, except for acrosome integrity and susceptibility to oxidative stress (in both cases BB showed higher values). However, in spite of these differences and regardless of the extender used, postthaw sperm motility and viability with the described protocol were encouraging (on average >50% and >80%, respectively), indicating that sperm cryopreservation may be a short‐term measure for the conservation of golden‐headed lion tamarins.
Indigenous family life in Australia: A history of difference and deficit
Authors: Dunstan Laura , Hewitt Belinda , Nakata Sana
Published: December 2019

Indigenous family life has been a key target of family and child policies in Australia since colonisation. In this paper, we identify four main policy eras that have shaped the national and state policy frameworks that have impacted Indigenous families: the protectionism, assimilation, self‐determination and neoliberalism eras. Our analysis of these national and state policy frameworks reveals an enduring and negative conceptualisation of Indigenous family life. This conceptualisation continues to position Indigenous families as deficient and dysfunctional compared with a white, Anglo‐Australian family ideal. This contributes to the reproduction of paternalistic policy settings and the racialised hierarchies within them that entrench Indigenous disempowerment and reproduce Indigenous disadvantage. Further, it maintains a deficit paradigm that continues to obfuscate the positive aspects of Indigenous family life that are protective of Indigenous well‐being.
Identification of Restless Legs Syndrome Genes by Mutational Load Analysis
Authors: Tilch Erik , Schormair Barbara , Zhao Chen , Salminen Aaro V. , Antic Nikolic Ana , Holzknecht Evi , Högl Birgit , Poewe Werner , Bachmann Cornelius G. , Paulus Walter , Trenkwalder Claudia , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Hornyak Magdolna , Fietze Ingo , Berger Klaus , Lichtner Peter , Gieger Christian , Peters Annette , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , Hoischen Alexander , Winkelmann Juliane , Oexle Konrad
Published: December 2019

Objective

Restless legs syndrome is a frequent neurological disorder with substantial burden on individual well‐being and public health. Genetic risk loci have been identified, but the causatives genes at these loci are largely unknown, so that functional investigation and clinical translation of molecular research data are still inhibited. To identify putatively causative genes, we searched for highly significant mutational burden in candidate genes.

Methods

We analyzed 84 candidate genes in 4,649 patients and 4,982 controls by next generation sequencing using molecular inversion probes that targeted mainly coding regions. The burden of low‐frequency and rare variants was assessed, and in addition, an algorithm (binomial performance deviation analysis) was established to estimate independently the sequence variation in the probe binding regions from the variation in sequencing depth.

Results

Highly significant results (considering the number of genes in the genome) of the conventional burden test and the binomial performance deviation analysis overlapped significantly. Fourteen genes were highly significant by one method and confirmed with Bonferroni‐corrected significance by the other to show a differential burden of low‐frequency and rare variants in restless legs syndrome. Nine of them (AAGAB, ATP2C1, CNTN4, COL6A6, CRBN, GLO1, NTNG1, STEAP4, VAV3) resided in the vicinity of known restless legs syndrome loci, whereas 5 (BBS7, CADM1, CREB5, NRG3, SUN1) have not previously been associated with restless legs syndrome. Burden test and binomial performance deviation analysis also converged significantly in fine‐mapping potentially causative domains within these genes.

Interpretation

Differential burden with intragenic low‐frequency variants reveals putatively causative genes in restless legs syndrome. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:184–193
Activating Pronucleophiles with High pKa Values: Chiral Organo‐Superbases
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hui , Cao Zhong‐Yan , Li Qing‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang , Zhou Jian , Tian Ping
Published: December 2019

Direct deprotonation represents an extremely simple, straightforward, and atom‐economic strategy to activate pronucleophiles bearing an acidic proton. However, the difficulty often arises in activating pronucleophiles with high pKa values by using conventional chiral tertiary amines. To overcome this challenge, a handful of novel chiral Brønsted superbases, including amidines, guanidines, cyclopropenimines, and iminophosphoranes, have been discovered in recent years. This minireview focuses on the application of these organo‐superbases in the catalytic asymmetric reactions of weakly acidic pronucleophiles, and highlights their comparison to the conventional tertiary amines, demonstrating the highly efficient deprotonation processes and stereoselectivity controlled conversions of the superbases. The advantage of these new superbases brings a great opportunity for developing more asymmetric transformations of weakly acidic pronucleophiles.
A Multi‐Wall Sn/SnO2@Carbon Hollow Nanofiber Anode Material for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Songwei , Wang Nü , Li Shuai , Li Dianming , Cui Zhimin , Yue Guichu , Liu Jingchong , Zhao Xiaoxian , Jiang Lei , Zhao Yong
Published: December 2019

Multi‐wall Sn/SnO2@carbon hollow nanofibers evolved from SnO2 nanofibers are designed and programable synthesized by electrospinning, polypyrrole coating, and annealing reduction. The synthesized hollow nanofibers have a special wire‐in‐double‐wall‐tube structure with larger specific surface area and abundant inner spaces, which can provide effective contacting area of electrolyte with electrode materials and more active sites for redox reaction. It shows excellent cycling stability by virtue of effectively alleviating pulverization of tin‐based electrode materials caused by volume expansion. Even after 2000 cycles, the wire‐in‐double‐wall‐tube Sn/SnO2@carbon nanofibers exhibit a high specific capacity of 986.3 mAh g−1 (1 A g−1) and still maintains 508.2 mAh g−1 at high current density of 5 A g−1. This outstanding electrochemical performance suggests the multi‐wall Sn/SnO2@ carbon hollow nanofibers are great promising for high performance energy storage systems.
Using Cumulative Load to Explain How Body Mass Index and Daily Walking Relate to Worsening Knee Cartilage Damage Over Two Years: The MOST Study
Authors: Voinier Dana , Neogi Tuhina , Stefanik Joshua J. , Guermazi Ali , Roemer Frank W. , Thoma Louise M. , Master Hiral , Nevitt Michael C. , Lewis Cora E. , Torner James , White Daniel K.
Published: December 2019

Objective

Knee cartilage damage is often linked to mechanical overloading. However, cartilage requires mechanical load to remain healthy, suggesting that underloading may be detrimental. This study was undertaken to examine knee overloading and underloading by defining cumulative load as the joint effects of body mass index (BMI) and daily walking, and examine the relationship between cumulative load and worsening cartilage damage over 2 years.

Methods

We used data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Steps/day, measured by accelerometry, and BMI were calculated at the 60‐month visit. Cartilage damage on magnetic resonance imaging was semiquantitatively scored using the Whole‐Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) at the 60‐month and 84‐month visits; worsening damage was defined as increased WORMS between visits. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using binomial regression, with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results

Our study included 964 participants, 62% of whom were female, with a mean ± SD age of 66.9 ± 7.5 years. Participants had a mean ± SD BMI of 29.7 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and walked a mean ± SD of 7,153 ± 2,591 steps/day. Participants who walked a moderate number of steps/day (6,000–7,900) or a high number of steps/day (>7,900) and had a high BMI (>31 kg/m2) had a greater risk of worsening medial tibiofemoral (TF) damage (RR 2.83 [95% CI 1.46–5.48] and RR 2.61 [95% CI 1.50–4.54], respectively) compared with those who walked similar steps/day and had a low BMI (18–27 kg/m2). Participants with a low number of steps/day (<6,000) and a low BMI had a greater risk of worsening medial TF and lateral patellofemoral (PF) damage (RR 2.03 [95% CI 1.06–3.92] and RR 2.28 [95% CI 1.06–4.85], respectively) compared with those who walked a high number of steps/day and had a low BMI. Effect estimates for other compartments of the knee did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence that both overloading and underloading may be detrimental to medial TF cartilage, and underloading may be detrimental to lateral PF cartilage.
Metabolic flux analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during redox potential–controlled very high‐gravity ethanol fermentation
Authors: Zhang Yishuang , Lin Yen‐Han
Published: December 2019

A previously published genome‐scale metabolic model namely iFF708 was modified to depict the metabolic flux distribution within Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown under a redox potential–controlled very high‐gravity condition. The following modifications were made: electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation, proton gradient and ATP transportation, and malate–aspartate shuttle. With these modifications, this model could describe the experimental data collected from the above‐mentioned ethanol fermentation. As a result, the simulation unveiled that the P/O ratio is critical under microaerobic conditions and the malate–aspartate shuttle is inactivated due to the shortage of electron transport across mitochondria. In other words, the limited supply of oxygen suppresses the functionality of oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and ETC. In terms of the glycolytic pathway, fluxes coming from glucose‐6‐phosphate and pyruvate nodes are insensitive to the changes of fermentation redox potential. As the initial glucose concentration is greater than 250 g/L, the interactive effect between the initial glucose concentration and redox potential level becomes noticeable.
Bauphysikalische Untersuchung von Sandwichelementen
Authors: Harder Nadine , Klett Yves , Park Sumee , Leistner Philip , Middendorf Peter
Published: December 2019

Sandwichkonstruktionen kommen im Leichtbau, vor allem im Flugzeugbau, im Transportwesen, dem Bauwesen oder auch im Möbelbau zum Einsatz. Sie sind aufgrund des geringen Flächengewichts und der Vielfältigkeit flexibel einsetzbar. Sandwichkonstruktionen bestehen typischerweise aus zwei Deckschichten, die im Verbund mit einer leichten Kernschicht Strukturen mit hohen gewichtsspezifischen Steifigkeiten und Festigkeiten bereitstellen können. Als Kern kommen derzeit meist Schäume, Hölzer oder Wabenstrukturen zum Einsatz. Leichte Sandwichkonstruktionen mit neuartigen, zellulären Faltkernen bieten aufgrund ihrer Vielfältigkeit Potenzial für die Anwendung im Bauwesen. Sie sind als leichte raumtrennende Elemente und gleichzeitig als aktive konditionierbare Elemente denkbar. Damit sind multifunktionale Konstruktionen möglich, die helfen können, Masse und Energie einzusparen sowie gleichzeitig eine komfortable Umgebung bereitzustellen.
ISO 14001 and CO2 emissions: An analysis of the contingent role of country features
Authors: Garrido Elisabet , González Consuelo , Orcos Raquel
Published: December 2019

This study explores whether the association between the aggregate level of ISO 14001 adoption in a country and the reduction of its CO2 emissions differs across national settings. We analyze potential variations in three country features: intensity of competition, inclination of firms to behave ethically, and the importance that firms attach to relationships with stakeholders. Based on a sample of 53 countries for the period 2007–2017, our results show that the connection between the aggregate level of ISO 14001 adoption and lower levels of CO2 emissions is stronger in countries where firms tend to behave ethically but is weaker in countries where there is intense competition or where firms place high emphasis on relationships with stakeholders. These findings expand our understanding about the macrolevel consequences of ISO 14001 adoption.
Correlates of substance use in pregnant women under community supervision after conviction for a criminal offence: The role of psychological distress
Authors: Ellis Jennifer Danielle , Grekin Emily R. , Resko Stella M.
Published: December 2019

Background

Being pregnant while under community supervision after conviction for a criminal offence can be a highly stressful experience, and pregnant women under community supervision are at an elevated risk for substance use.

Aims/Hypotheses

To test for relationships between psychological distress and use of tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana during the month prior to a research assessment among pregnant women under community supervision, controlling for demographic characteristics.

Methods

Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were aggregated for the years 2008–2016, inclusive. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine correlates of past‐month use of each substance.

Results

Of all 505,796 people in the survey, 6,974 were pregnant women of whom 280 reported being under community supervision for a criminal offence; relevant data were available for 271 of these cases. The pregnant women under community supervision reported higher rates of past‐month substance use of each kind and of psychological distress than pregnant women not under community supervision. Past‐month serious psychological distress, but not remitted psychological distress, corresponded strongly with past‐month alcohol use even when controlling for demographic characteristics and other substance use.

Conclusions

Our findings add to the very sparse literature about a group of women likely to be exceptionally vulnerable during pregnancy and underscore the importance of screening for symptoms of substance use and of psychological distress amongst them. Among women under community supervision, alcohol use was less likely in the second or third trimester than the first, but as those using alcohol were more likely to report past month psychological distress, it may be important to provide additional resources and treatment services for these women.
Post‐procedure protocol to facilitate next‐day discharge: Results of the multidisciplinary, multimodality but minimalist TAVR study
Authors: Lauck Sandra B. , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Park Julie , Achtem Leslie , Smith Amanda , Keegan Patricia , Hawkey Marian , Brandwein Russell , Webb John G. , Wood David A. ,   the 3M TAVR Investigators, and Nursing and Allied Health Professional Site Leaders
Published: December 2019

Background

Evidence is lacking to standardize post‐procedure care after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Objective

We report on the findings of the post‐procedure sub‐study of the multimodality, multidisciplinary but minimalist TAVR (3M TAVR) study.

Methods

A standardized protocol to guide monitoring, early mobilization, reconditioning, communication, and criteria‐driven discharge was implemented in a multicenter, prospective, sequential case series study in 13 North American low, medium, and high‐volume centers in 2015–2017. Outcome measures pertaining to post‐procedure care included avoidance of invasive lines and delirium, in‐hospital bed utilization, patient disposition at the time of discharge, and 30‐day use of nonelective medical services.

Results

Four hundred eleven participants were enrolled. In the post‐procedure phase, 365 (88.8%) participants were admitted without a temporary pacemaker; urinary catheterization was avoided in 402 (97.8%) participants. Of note, 91.7% received care in a single unit (critical care: 72.5%; cardiac telemetry: 19.2%); 99.0% were discharged home. At the time of 30‐day follow‐up, 6 (1.6%) participants required admission to a rehabilitation or a skilled nursing facility; 30‐day emergency department visits were 13.5%.

Conclusions

The implementation of the 3M TAVR standardized accelerated reconditioning protocol is a safe and effective strategy to facilitate next‐day discharge home after TAVR in centers of varying size.
Discerning Work as a Calling: The Role of Job Crafting
Authors: Riasnugrahani Missiliana , Riantoputra Corina D. , Takwin Bagus , Panggabean Hana
Published: December 2019

On the basis of career construction theory (CCT), the authors aimed to describe mechanisms by which work may be perceived as a calling. They did so by measuring the mediation and moderation effects of job crafting and power distance orientation (PDO) within the relationship between cognitive flexibility and calling. PDO levels become essential for high‐power‐distance societies such as Indonesia because PDO can decrease proactive behaviors, such as job crafting. Three hundred four employees in Indonesia responded to measures of calling, PDO, job crafting, and cognitive flexibility. Analyses indicated that the relationship between cognitive flexibility and calling is mediated by cognitive crafting and moderated by PDO. Results support CCT as useful for understanding the mechanisms of calling. For a high‐power‐distance country, the process of discerning a calling is influenced by submissive attitudes toward a superior. Thus, in assisting job‐crafting processes, counselors should focus on the relationship between employees and their superiors.