bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Horse Exposure to Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Leishmania infantum in Greece through the Detection of IgG Antibodies in Serum and in an Alternative Diagnostic Sample—The Saliva
Authors: Athanasiou Labrini V. , Katsogiannou Eleni G. , Tyrnenopoulou Panagiota , Gougoulis Dimitrios , Apostolidis Kosmas N. , Papadakis Stavros M. , Kokkinaki Kassiopi Christina G. , Papatsiros Vasileios G. , Tsokana Constantina N.
Published: September 2023

Among the various zoonotic pathogens that infect horses, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp. and Leishmania spp. have gained scientific interest, and relevant molecular and serological studies in horses have been conducted worldwide. Moreover, human and veterinary medicine have extensively applied alternatives to serum diagnostic samples—such as saliva—for detecting pathogens or antibodies. In this study, we investigated the exposure of horses in Greece to A. phagocytophilum, B. burgdorferi, and L. infantum, and we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of saliva compared to serum in detecting IgG antibodies against the abovementioned pathogens. Paired saliva and serum samples were collected from 317 horses from different regions in Greece. The paired samples were examined using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for detecting IgG antibodies against A. phagocytophilum, B. burgdorferi, and L. infantum. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were determined to assess the validity of saliva as an alternative to serum. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the optimal cut-off value for detecting antibodies against all the examined pathogens in saliva was 1/10. Higher seropositivity rates were found for B. burgdorferi (15.14%) and A. phagocytophilum (14.19%) compared to L. infantum (1.26%). The detection of IgG antibodies using IFAT in saliva samples had a good test performance compared to serum. The two sample types had a substantial to almost perfect agreement. Although the sensitivity was moderate (70.83–75.56%) in all cases, the specificity was almost perfect to perfect (99.63–100%). This study provides the first evidence that horses in Greece are exposed to A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi and confirms that the seroprevalence of L. infantum in horses in Greece remains low. Our findings suggest that saliva sampling coupled with IFAT could be successfully applied for detecting IgG antibodies against these important zoonotic pathogens in large-scale epidemiological studies in horses, at the population level, as an alternative to serum.
Development of a New Control System for a Rehabilitation Robot Using Electrical Impedance Tomography and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Abbasimoshaei Alireza , Chinnakkonda Ravi Adithya Kumar , Kern Thorsten Alexander
Published: September 2023

In this study, we present a tomography-based control system for a rehabilitation robot using a novel approach to assess advancement and a dynamic model of the system. In this model, the torque generated by the robot and the impedance of the patient’s hand are used to determine each step of the rehabilitation. In the proposed control architecture, a regression model is developed and implemented based on the extraction of tomography signals to estimate the muscles state. During the rehabilitation session, the torque applied by the patient is adjusted according to this estimation. The first step of this protocol is to calculate the subject-specific parameters. These include the axis offset, inertia parameters, passive damping and stiffness. The second step involves identifying the other elements of the model, such as the torque resulting from interaction. In this case, the robot will calculate the torque generated by the patient. The developed robot-based solution and the suggested protocol were tested on different participants and showed promising results. First, the prediction of the impedance–position relationship was evaluated, and the prediction was below 2% error. Then, different participants with different impedances were tested, and the results showed that the control system controlled the force and position for each participant individually.
A Dynamic Representation of mRNA Nucleotides Clarifies the Conundrum of Codon Redundancy
Authors: Funaro Daniele
Published: September 2023

The deciphering of the genetic code takes place through the reading of the nitrogenous bases, which are four in number. In most cases, the bases are taken three by three, thus generating 64 possible combinations with repetition. Each combination (codon) allows for the synthesis of a specific amino acid. Since the latter are only 21 in number, the codon-amino acid conversion table shows a strong redundancy. Countless efforts have been made to understand the true encryption mechanism. Here, we want to add our version, which consists of associating a periodic sound based on three notes to each codon. RNA now becomes a dynamic object and not just a list of static instructions. In addition to a different interpretation of the genetic code, there is also a considerable reduction in redundancy, given that the number of periodic sounds that can be produced with three notes drops to 20 (with the addition of four pure frequencies). Finally, we discuss the possibility of how these sounds can be generated and travel inside the double helix, and possibly emitted as biophotons.
Protein Identification and Quantification Using Porous Silicon Arrays, Optical Measurements, and Machine Learning
Authors: Ward Simon J. , Cao Tengfei , Zhou Xiang , Chang Catie , Weiss Sharon M.
Published: September 2023

We report a versatile platform based on an array of porous silicon (PSi) thin films that can identify analytes based on their physical and chemical properties without the use of specific capture agents. The ability of this system to reproducibly classify, quantify, and discriminate three proteins separately is demonstrated by probing the reflectance of PSi array elements with a unique combination of pore size and buffer pH, and by analyzing the optical signals using machine learning. Protein identification and discrimination are reported over a concentration range of two orders of magnitude. This work represents a significant first step towards a low-cost, simple, versatile, and robust sensor platform that is able to detect biomolecules without the added expense and limitations of using capture agents.
SERS-Based Optical Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gao Feng , Li Fang , Wang Jianhao , Yu Hang , Li Xiang , Chen Hongyu , Wang Jiabei , Qin Dongdong , Li Yiyi , Liu Songyan , Zhang Xi , Wang Zhi-Hao
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, impacting millions worldwide. However, its complex neuropathologic features and heterogeneous pathophysiology present significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment. To address the urgent need for early AD diagnosis, this review focuses on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors, leveraging the excellent optical properties of nanomaterials to enhance detection performance. These highly sensitive and noninvasive biosensors offer opportunities for biomarker-driven clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The review highlights various types of SERS-based biosensors targeting AD biomarkers, discussing their potential applications and contributions to AD diagnosis. Specific details about nanomaterials and targeted AD biomarkers are provided. Furthermore, the future research directions and challenges for improving AD marker detection using SERS sensors are outlined.
Truncated Electrochemical Aptasensor with Enhanced Antifouling Capability for Highly Sensitive Serotonin Detection
Authors: Hu Ziheng , Zhu Ruifeng , Figueroa-Miranda Gabriela , Zhou Lei , Feng Lingyan , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mayer Dirk
Published: September 2023

Accurate determination of serotonin (ST) provides insight into neurological processes and enables applications in clinical diagnostics of brain diseases. Herein, we present an electrochemical aptasensor based on truncated DNA aptamers and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule-functionalized sensing interface for highly sensitive and selective ST detection. The truncated aptamers have a small size and adopt a stable stem-loop configuration, which improves the accessibility of the aptamer for the analyte and enhances the sensitivity of the aptasensor. Upon target binding, these aptamers perform a conformational change, leading to a variation in the Faraday current of the redox tag, which was recorded by square wave voltammetry (SWV). Using PEG as blocking molecules minimizes nonspecific adsorption of other interfering molecules and thus endows an enhanced antifouling ability. The proposed electrochemical aptamer sensor showed a wide range of detection lasting from 0.1 nM to 1000 nM with a low limit of detection of 0.14 nM. Owing to the unique properties of aptamer receptors, the aptasensor also exhibits high selectivity and stability. Furthermore, with the reduced unspecific adsorption, assaying of ST in human serum and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) showed excellent performance. The reported strategy of utilizing antifouling PEG describes a novel approach to building antifouling aptasensors and holds great potential for neurochemical investigations and clinical diagnosis.
Assessing Curcumin Uptake and Clearance and Their Influence on Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hoffman Tammy R. , Emsley Sarah A. , Douglas Jenna C. , Reed Kaela R. , Esquivel Abigail R. , Koyack Marc J. , Paddock Brie E. , Videau Patrick
Published: September 2023

While normal levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are required for proper organismal function, increased levels result in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be managed via the scavenging activities of antioxidants (e.g., curcumin) and the action of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this work, the uptake and clearance of dietary curcuminoids (consisting of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) was assessed in Drosophila melanogaster larvae following chronic or acute exposure. High levels of curcuminoid uptake and loss were observed within a few hours and leveled off within eight hours post treatment onset. The addition or removal of curcuminoids from media resulted in corresponding changes in SOD activity, and the involvement of each of the three SOD genes was assessed for their contribution to total SOD activity. Taken together, these data provide insight into the uptake and clearance dynamics of curcuminoids and indicate that, while SOD activity generally increases following curcuminoid treatment, the individual SOD genes appear to contribute differently to this response.
Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Brain Cancers—A Review
Authors: Bartusik-Aebisher Dorota , Woźnicki Paweł , Dynarowicz Klaudia , Aebisher David
Published: September 2023

On average, there are about 300,000 new cases of brain cancer each year. Studies have shown that brain and central nervous system tumors are among the top ten causes of death. Due to the extent of this problem and the percentage of patients suffering from brain tumors, innovative therapeutic treatment methods are constantly being sought. One such innovative therapeutic method is photodynamic therapy (PDT). Photodynamic therapy is an alternative and unique technique widely used in dermatology and other fields of medicine for the treatment of oncological and nononcological lesions. Photodynamic therapy consists of the destruction of cancer cells and inducing inflammatory changes by using laser light of a specific wavelength in combination with the application of a photosensitizer. The most commonly used photosensitizers include 5-aminolevulinic acid for the enzymatic generation of protoporphyrin IX, Temoporfin—THPC, Photofrin, Hypericin and Talaporfin. This paper reviews the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy for brain tumors. An overview of all three generations of photosensitizers is presented. Along with an indication of the limitations of the treatment of brain tumors, intraoperative photodynamic therapy and its possibilities are described as an alternative therapeutic method.
Enhanced Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (ESTAIR): A New Modular Treatment for ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD)
Authors: Karatzias Thanos , Mc Glanaghy Edel , Cloitre Marylene
Published: September 2023

ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) is a relatively new condition; therefore, there is limited available evidence for its treatment. Prior to the recognition of CPTSD as a separate trauma condition, people who met criteria were often diagnosed with multiple co-morbid conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation difficulties. In the absence of a coherent evidence base, treatment tended to involve multiple treatments for these multiple conditions or lengthy phase-based interventions, often delivered in an integrative fashion, which was not standardized. In this paper, we present Enhanced Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (ESTAIR), a new flexible multi-modular approach for the treatment of CPTSD and its transdiagnostic symptoms. ESTAIR is consistent with trauma-informed and patient-centered care, which highlights the importance of patient choice in identification and sequencing in targeting CPTSD symptoms. Directions for future research are discussed.
The Processing Mechanism of Repetitive Practice Affecting Time-Based Prospective Memory
Authors: Gan Jiaqun , Guo Yunfei , Wang Enguo
Published: September 2023

Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) refers to performing intended actions at a specific time in the future. The TBPM task is very common in daily life, and whether it can be successfully completed can affect our quality of life. Repeated behavior training can usually improve social cognitive performance, and this study focused on exploring whether TBPM performance could improve with repeated behavior training. Meanwhile, we also focused on whether behavior training could reduce attention consumption, both internal and external, attention on TBPM tasks. In this study, a single-factor between-subject design was adopted. Seventy-three undergraduates were assigned to three groups: the control group, the baseline group, and the experimental group. The baseline group only needs to perform ongoing tasks, so the ongoing task performance of the control group will not be affected by TBPM tasks. The control group needs to perform both ongoing and TBPM tasks without practice. The experimental group needs to perform both ongoing and TBPM tasks after 30 exercises. The ongoing task is a typical working memory task. The TBPM task was to press a “1” button every 1 min. The results showed that the performance of ongoing tasks in the baseline group, experimental group, and control group decreased sequentially, and the experimental group had less time monitoring than the control group. The results indicated that behavior training could reduce attention consumption in both internal attention and external attention, but it could not reach the level of automatic processing.
Simulation-Based Analysis of Micro-Damage to Recycled Concrete-Containing Brick Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Qi Lin , Yu Baoyang , Yu Mingxin , Zhang Mingyue
Published: September 2023

To achieve sustainable development during urbanization, construction waste is recycled for use as an aggregate in recycled concrete (RC). To determine the influence of the brick content in coarse recycled aggregates on the damage sustained by the resultant RC, the RC was first divided into seven phases: natural crushed stone, old gravel inside waste concrete, bricks, new mortar, old mortar on waste concrete surfaces, and new and old interface transition zones. The Monte Carlo method was then applied to establish a two-dimensional random aggregate model of the RC made with coarse brick aggregates. The ABAQUS software package was used to simulate a uniaxial compression test, the results of which were combined with those of a macro-test to determine the internal damage change rule of brick-containing RC. The stress–strain curves obtained from the simulation coincided well with that of the macroscopic tests. As the brick content increased, the damage zone inside the specimen and the number of microcracks increased. The stress concentration area decreased, as indicated by a lower compressive strength in the macro-test. The results indicate that higher brick contents in RC yield more initial damage inside the concrete and a lower compressive strength.
Lifecycle Applications of Building Information Modeling for Transportation Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Belcher Ethan J. , Abraham Yewande S.
Published: September 2023

Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in a nation’s economic stability, security, and long-term sustainability. For decades, United States infrastructure has been rated as inadequate and the resources required for its restoration continue to grow. Despite the transformative potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) coupled with digital technologies in revolutionizing the building industry, its widespread adoption within infrastructure projects remains limited. This study explores the application of BIM and emerging technologies in transportation projects’ lifecycle, identifies research gaps, and discusses the use of technology to address current infrastructure challenges. Employing a systematic review approach, this research synthesizes BIM application studies based on well-defined criteria. The synthesis of the literature underscores the comprehensive integration of BIM throughout the lifecycle of transportation assets, catalyzed by collaborative, information-driven processes. However, challenges pertaining to interoperability, role delineation, standards enforcement, and cost persist. This study advocates for a deeper exploration of the synergy between BIM, digital technologies, and infrastructure, envisioning an enriched transportation lifecycle in the future.
Thermal Calculation for the Implementation of Green Walls as Thermal Insulators on the East and West Facades in the Adjacent Areas of the School of Biological Sciences, Ricardo Palma University (URP) at Lima, Peru 2023
Authors: Gómez Alejandro , Esenarro Doris , Martinez Pedro , Vilchez Stefany , Raymundo Vanessa
Published: September 2023

This research aims to implement green walls as thermal insulators on the east and west facades of the adjacent areas of the School of Biological Sciences at Ricardo Palma University. The growth of urban cities causes an increase in CO2 emissions and the loss of agricultural land. The methodology applied involves evaluating the thermal behavior, analyzing the local climate, and assessing plant species for implementation. As a result, the successful implementation of green walls on the east and west facades was achieved, which has proven to effectively reduce wall heating, decrease the temperature rise in nearby spaces, and minimize reliance on artificial ventilation systems. This has led to energy and cost savings, decreased CO2 emissions, and increased oxygen production. By implementing green walls on the east facade, there has been an increase of 60.73% in comfort hours, while on the west facade, there has been an increase of 64.28% in comfort hours. In addition, a total of 977.50 kg of CO2 has been absorbed, resulting in 722.50 kg of purified air. In conclusion, green walls have proven to be a viable solution to the problems faced in urban cities, helping to mitigate the internal temperature of indoor spaces.
Improvement of the Analytical Model of an Energy Dissipator and Validation with Experimental Tests of a Prototype
Authors: Balboa-Constanzo Esteban , Maureira-Carsalade Nelson , Sanhueza-Espinoza Frank , Roco-Videla Ángel , Sanhueza-Cartes Marcelo , Arias-Guzmán Patricio , Canales Cristian
Published: September 2023

An improved numerical formulation for a self-centering frictional damper is presented. This was experimentally validated through quasi-static tests carried out on a steel-made prototype of the damper. Its design is ad hoc for implementation in the seismic protection of industrial storage racks. The conceptual model of the device was adjusted to the prototype built. The formulation of the analytical model, a parametric analysis of it, and the validation with experimental results are presented. The improvement of the model presented here explicitly considers elements included in the prototype, such as a system of load transmission rings and the friction between all of the components that slide or rotate relatively. In the experimental validation, the parameters of the improved model were determined. The numerical predictions for the improved model were contrasted with those obtained with the original one and with the experimental results. This demonstrates that the improvement leads to a better adjustment of the numerical predictions concerning the experimental measurements, which is useful for nonlinear analysis. The device withstood forces of considerable magnitude in addition to dissipating enough energy per load–unload cycle to be effective in the seismic protection of industrial storage racks.
Embodied Energy in the Production of Guar and Xanthan Biopolymers and Their Cross-Linking Effect in Enhancing the Geotechnical Properties of Cohesive Soil
Authors: Kumar M. Ashok , Moghal Arif Ali Baig , Vydehi Kopparthi Venkata , Almajed Abdullah
Published: September 2023

Traditional soil stabilization techniques, such as cement and lime, are known for their menacing effect on the environment through heavy carbon emissions. Sustainable soil stabilization methods are grabbing attention, and the utilization of biopolymers is surely one among them. Recent studies proved the efficiency of biopolymers in enhancing the geotechnical properties to meet the requirements of the construction industry. The suitability of biopolymer application in different soils is still unexplored, and the carbon footprint analysis (CFA) of biopolymers is crucial in promoting the biopolymers as a promising sustainable soil stabilization method. This study attempts to investigate the out-turn of cross-linked biopolymer on soils exhibiting different plasticity characteristics (Medium & High compressibility) and to determine the Embodied carbon factor (ECF) for the selected biopolymers. Guar (G) and Xanthan (X) biopolymers were cross-linked at different proportions to enhance the geotechnical properties of soils. Atterberg’s limits, Compaction characteristics, and Unconfined Compressive Strength were chosen as performance indicators, and their values were analyzed at different combinations of biopolymers before and after cross-linking. The test results have shown that Atterberg’s limits of the soils increased with the addition of biopolymers, and it is attributed to the formation of hydrogels in the soil matrix. Compaction test results reveal that the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of biopolymer-modified soil increased, and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) reduced due to the resistance offered by hydrogel against compaction effort. Soils amended with biopolymers and cured for 14, 28, and 60 days have shown an appreciable improvement in Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) results. Microlevel analysis was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) to formulate the mechanism responsible for the alteration in targeted performance indicators due to the cross-linking of biopolymers in the soil. The embodied energy in the production of both Guar and Xanthan biopolymers was calculated, and the obtained ECF values were 0.087 and 1.67, respectively.
High Tumoral STMN1 Expression Is Associated with Malignant Potential and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: Ogushi Kenjiro , Yokobori Takehiko , Nobusawa Sumihito , Shirakura Takahiro , Hirato Junko , Erkhem-Ochir Bilguun , Okami Haruka , Dorjkhorloo Gendensuren , Nishi Akira , Suzuki Makoto , Otake Sayaka , Saeki Hiroshi , Shirabe Ken
Published: September 2023

Background. Stathmin 1 (STMN1), a marker for immature neurons and tumors, controls microtubule dynamics by destabilizing tubulin. It plays an essential role in cancer progression and indicates poor prognosis in several cancers. This potential protein has not been clarified in clinical patients with neuroblastoma. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical significance and STMN1 function in neuroblastoma with and without MYCN amplification. Methods. Using immunohistochemical staining, STMN1 expression was examined in 81 neuroblastoma samples. Functional analysis revealed the association among STMN1 suppression, cellular viability, and endogenous or exogenous MYCN expression in neuroblastoma cell lines. Result. High levels of STMN1 expression were associated with malignant potential, proliferation potency, and poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. STMN1 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with neuroblastoma. Furthermore, STMN1 knockdown inhibited neuroblastoma cell growth regardless of endogenous and exogenous MYCN overexpression. Conclusion. Our data suggest that assessing STMN1 expression in neuroblastoma could be a powerful indicator of prognosis and that STMN1 might be a promising therapeutic candidate against refractory neuroblastoma with and without MYCN amplification.
Role of Prehabilitation and Rehabilitation on Functional Recovery and Quality of Life in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lippi Lorenzo , Turco Alessio , Moalli Stefano , Gallo Marco , Curci Claudio , Maconi Antonio , de Sire Alessandro , Invernizzi Marco
Published: September 2023

Background: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current prehabilitation and rehabilitation strategies for thyroid cancer survivors to optimize functional outcomes and enhance their quality of life. Methods: The review follows the SANRA quality criteria and includes an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. Results: The review emphasizes the role of a comprehensive rehabilitation approach in targeting the different domains that generate disability in thyroid cancer patients. In this context, physical activity, range of motion exercises, myofascial release, joint mobilization, and postural exercises are crucial for improving functional outcomes and reducing treatment-related discomfort and disability. Moreover, tailored rehabilitative management addressing dysphonia and dysphagia might have a positive impact on the quality of life of these patients. Despite these considerations, several barriers still affect the implementation of a multimodal rehabilitative approach in common clinical practice. Thus, sustainable and effective strategies like digital innovation and patient-centered approaches are strongly needed in order to implement the rehabilitative treatment framework of these subjects. Conclusions: This narrative review provides valuable insights into the current prehabilitation and rehabilitation strategies to treat thyroid cancer survivors, addressing physical, psychological, and vocational needs to optimize functional outcomes and enhance their quality of life.
Validation of a Proteomic Signature of Lung Cancer Risk from Bronchial Specimens of Risk-Stratified Individuals
Authors: Rahman S.M. Jamshedur , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Wang Yi-Ting , Gao Yuqian , Schepmoes Athena A. , Fillmore Thomas L. , Shi Tujin , Chen Heidi , Rodland Karin D. , Massion Pierre P. , Grogan Eric L. , Liu Tao
Published: September 2023

A major challenge in lung cancer prevention and cure hinges on identifying the at-risk population that ultimately develops lung cancer. Previously, we reported proteomic alterations in the cytologically normal bronchial epithelial cells collected from the bronchial brushings of individuals at risk for lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to validate, in an independent cohort, a selected list of 55 candidate proteins associated with risk for lung cancer with sensitive targeted proteomics using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Bronchial brushings collected from individuals at low and high risk for developing lung cancer as well as patients with lung cancer, from both a subset of the original cohort (batch 1: n = 10 per group) and an independent cohort of 149 individuals (batch 2: low risk (n = 32), high risk (n = 34), and lung cancer (n = 83)), were analyzed using multiplexed SRM assays. ALDH3A1 and AKR1B10 were found to be consistently overexpressed in the high-risk group in both batch 1 and batch 2 brushing specimens as well as in the biopsies of batch 1. Validation of highly discriminatory proteins and metabolic enzymes by SRM in a larger independent cohort supported their use to identify patients at high risk for developing lung cancer.
Reducing the Invasiveness of Low- and High-Grade Endometrial Cancers in Both Primary Human Cancer Biopsies and Cell Lines by the Inhibition of Aquaporin-1 Channels
Authors: Khan Sidra , Lokman Noor A. , Oehler Martin K. , Ricciardelli Carmela , Yool Andrea J.
Published: September 2023

Aquaporin (AQP) channels in endometrial cancer (EC) cells are of interest as pharmacological targets to reduce tumor progression. A panel of compounds, including AQP1 ion channel inhibitors (AqB011 and 5-(phenoxymethyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde, PMFC), were used to test the hypothesis that inhibition of key AQPs can limit the invasiveness of low- and high-grade EC cells. We evaluated the effects on transwell migration in EC cell lines (Ishikawa, MFE-280) and primary EC cells established from surgical tissues (n = 8). Quantitative PCR uncovered classes of AQPs not previously reported in EC that are differentially regulated by hormonal signaling. With estradiol, Ishikawa showed increased AQPs 5, 11, 12, and decreased AQPs 0 and 4; MFE-280 showed increased AQPs 0, 1, 3, 4, 8, and decreased AQP11. Protein expression was confirmed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. AQPs 1, 4, and 11 were colocalized with plasma membrane marker; AQP8 was intracellular in Ishikawa and not detectable in MFE-280. AQP1 ion channel inhibitors (AqB011; PMFC) reduced invasiveness of EC cell lines in transwell chamber and spheroid dispersal assays. In Ishikawa cells, transwell invasiveness was reduced ~41% by 80 µM AqB011 and ~55% by 0.5 mM 5-PMFC. In MFE-280, 5-PMFC inhibited invasion by ~77%. In contrast, proposed inhibitors of AQP water pores (acetazolamide, ginsenoside, KeenMind, TGN-020, IMD-0354) were not effective. Treatments of cultured primary EC cells with AqB011 or PMFC significantly reduced the invasiveness of both low- and high-grade primary EC cells in transwell chambers. We confirmed the tumors expressed moderate to high levels of AQP1 detected by immunohistochemistry, whereas expression levels of AQP4, AQP8, and AQP11 were substantially lower. The anti-invasive potency of AqB011 treatment for EC tumor tissues showed a positive linear correlation with AQP1 expression levels. In summary, AQP1 ion channels are important for motility in both low- and high-grade EC subtypes. Inhibition of AQP1 is a promising strategy to inhibit EC invasiveness and improve patient outcomes.
Progress in Developing LnBaCo2O5+δ as an Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zheng Fa , Pang Shengli
Published: September 2023

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) represent a breed of eco-friendly, weather-independent, decentralized power generation technologies, distinguished for their broad fuel versatility and superior electricity generation efficiency. At present, SOFCs are impeded by a lack of highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysts, a factor that significantly constrains their performance. The double perovskites LnBaCo2O5+δ (Ln = Lanthanide), renowned for their accelerated oxygen exchange and conductivity features, are widely acclaimed as a promising category of cathode catalysts for SOFCs. This manuscript offers a novel perspective on the physicochemical attributes of LnBaCo2O5+δ accumulated over the past two decades and delineates the latest advancements in fine-tuning the composition and nanostructure for SOFC applications. It highlights surface chemistry under operational conditions and microstructure as emerging research focal points towards achieving high-performance LnBaCo2O5+δ catalysts. This review offers a comprehensive insight into the latest advancements in utilizing LnBaCo2O5+δ in the field of SOFCs, presenting a clear roadmap for future developmental trajectories. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights for the application of double perovskite materials in domains such as water electrolysis, CO2 electrolysis, chemical sensors, and metal–air batteries.
Establishing the Link between X-Chromosome Aberrations and TP53 Status, with Breast Cancer Patient Outcomes
Authors: Caramia Franco , Speed Terence P. , Shen Hui , Haupt Ygal , Haupt Sue
Published: September 2023

Ubiquitous to normal female human somatic cells, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) tightly regulates the transcriptional silencing of a single X chromosome from each pair. Some genes escape XCI, including crucial tumour suppressors. Cancer susceptibility can be influenced by the variability in the genes that escape XCI. The mechanisms of XCI dysregulation remain poorly understood in complex diseases, including cancer. Using publicly available breast cancer next-generation sequencing data, we show that the status of the major tumour suppressor TP53 from Chromosome 17 is highly associated with the genomic integrity of the inactive X (Xi) and the active X (Xa) chromosomes. Our quantification of XCI and XCI escape demonstrates that aberrant XCI is linked to poor survival. We derived prognostic gene expression signatures associated with either large deletions of Xi; large amplifications of Xa; or abnormal X-methylation. Our findings expose a novel insight into female cancer risks, beyond those associated with the standard molecular subtypes.
Chitosan–Resole–Pectin Aerogel in Methylene Blue Removal: Modeling and Optimization Using an Artificial Neuron Network
Authors: Flores-Gómez Jean , Villegas-Ruvalcaba Mario , Blancas-Flores José , Morales-Rivera Juan
Published: September 2023

In this study, a novel chitosan–resole–pectin aerogel (CS–R–P) was created from a sol–gel reaction with a solution of Cs and P with resole by a freeze-drying technique, and this adsorbent was proposed for the removal of methylene blue (MB). In addition, with the use of an artificial intelligence technique known as an artificial neural network (ANN), this material was modeled and optimized. Its physical morphology and chemical composition were also characterized with FTIR and XPS, and its adsorption properties were analyzed. For modeling the adsorption process, three main parameters were used: the chitosan–resole–pectin concentration (45–75%), thermal treatment (6–36 h), and known concentrations of methylene blue (25–50 and 100 mg/L), established on the Box–Behnken design. The ANN was coupled with the improved gray wolf optimization (IWGO) metaheuristic algorithm, achieving a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.99. The characterization indicates that the surface of the aerogels was micro- and mesoporous, the resole gave physical stability, and the polysaccharide base delivered the functional groups necessary for dye adsorption; the aerogels were successful dye adsorbents with a qe of 12.44 mg/g. Finally, the physical and chemical sorption was ascertainable with an adsorption that followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The MB adsorption was clearly occurring though cation exchange and hydrogen binding as observed in the chemical composition. The ANN with the gray wolf optimizer was used for the prediction of the best operating parameters for MB removal, applying the following conditions—the CS–R–P aerogel concentration (52/30/18), the thermal treatment (9.12 h), and the initial concentration of methylene blue (37 mg/L)—achieving a 94.6% removal. These conclusions suggest that using artificial intelligence such as an ANN can provide an efficient and practical model for maximizing the removal action of new aerogels based on chitosan.
Optimization of the Geometrical Design for an All-Dielectric Metasurface Sensor with a High Refractive-Index Response
Authors: Chang Chia-Te , Yang Chia-Ming , Chen I-Hsuan , Ho Chih-Ching , Lu Yu-Jen , Yu Chih-Jen
Published: September 2023

This study aims to develop a refractive-index sensor operating in the visible region using an all-dielectric metasurface, which was chosen for its advantages of low optical loss and narrow spectral bandwidth, compared to those of conventional metallic metasurfaces. COMSOL software was utilized as a calculation tool to simulate the resonant properties of an all-dielectric metasurface composed of a circular nanohole-structured titanium oxide (TiO2) thin film, with the aim of enhancing the sensitivity of the refractive index for sensing targets. The simulation focused on finding the best geometrical conditions for the all-dielectric metasurface to achieve high sensitivity. Two resonance modes observed in this metasurface were considered: the quasi-bound-state-in-the-continuum (qBIC) mode and the perfect-reflection (PR) mode. The simulated results demonstrated that high sensitivities of 257 nm/RIU at the PR mode and 94 nm/RIU at the qBIC mode in the visible spectral range could be obtained by periodically constructing the metasurface with a unit cell having a lattice constant of 350 nm, a nanohole radius of 160 nm, and a nanohole depth of 250 nm. Furthermore, the study showed that the resonance mode that enabled high sensitivity was the PR mode, with a sensitivity nearly three times larger than that of the qBIC mode and the ability to reach the highest reflectance at the resonance wavelength. The optimized feature had the highest reflectance at a resonant wavelength of 570.19 nm, and although the quality factor was 25.50, these designed parameters were considered sufficient for developing a refractive index biosensor with high sensitivity and optical efficiency when operating in the visible spectral range.
Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthoses in Pediatric Patients with Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathy: A Case Series Study
Authors: Borghi Corrado , Sassi Silvia , Pandarese Daniela , Messori Samuele , Faccioli Silvia
Published: September 2023

(1) Aims: to evaluate the effect on gait performance and standing stability of ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) in pediatric patients with hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy (HMSN). (2) Methods: a retrospective case-series study including three adolescents (S1, S2, S3, mean age 14 years) with HMSN. The subjects were evaluated barefoot, with carbon AFO (Botter) and with solid AFO (SAFO) by means of: gait analysis, stabilometry and gait functional tests (10 Meter Walk Test, 2 Minute Walk Test). Finally, the CSD-OPUS questionnaire was administered to the assess satisfaction and impact of the orthoses on life quality. (3) Results: orthoses improved gait and stability performance. Botter allowed greater ankle movement than SAFO and provided greater push-off power. This, combined with the carbon elastic energy return, might explain better performances in the 2MWT, with a larger distance traveled compared to SAFO for both S1 (110 m vs. 72 m) and S2 (170 m vs. 155 m) and, compared to barefoot walking, also for S3 (211 m vs. 160 m), for which SAFO analysis was not available. Both orthoses improved performance at the stabilometric analysis. The CSD-OPUS questionnaire showed a significantly higher level of satisfaction with Botter for the subjects (S1, S2) who completed the comparison. (4) Conclusions: Both orthoses improved gait and standing, though Botter proved to be better tolerated and more effective in improving gait endurance.
Do My Reactions Outweigh My Actions? The Relation between Reactive and Proactive Aggression with Peer Acceptance in Preschoolers
Authors: da Silva Brenda M. S. , Veiga Guida , Rieffe Carolien , Endedijk Hinke M. , Güroğlu Berna
Published: September 2023

Aggressive behaviors negatively impact peer relations starting from an early age. However, not all aggressive acts have the same underlying motivations. Reactive aggression arises as a response to an antecedent behavior of someone else, whereas proactive aggression is initiated by the aggressor and is instrumental. In this study, we aim to understand the relation between reactive and proactive aggression and peer acceptance in preschoolers. Parents of 110 children aged between 3 and 6 years old rated their children’s manifestation of reactive and proactive aggressive behaviors. To assess the children’s peer acceptance score within their class, they completed a paired comparisons task. The outcomes confirmed that reactive aggression in particular is negatively related to peer acceptance at the preschool age. Our results provide insights for the needs and directions of future research and interventions.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplant (HSCT)-Related Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: An Overview
Authors: Traunero Arianna , Peri Francesca , Badina Laura , Amaddeo Alessandro , Zuliani Elettra , Maschio Massimo , Barbi Egidio , Ghirardo Sergio
Published: September 2023

Recipients of HSCT have a high risk of infective and non-infective pulmonary diseases. Most patients with pulmonary involvement present multiple pathogenetic mechanisms simultaneously with complex interactions. Therefore, it can be difficult to distinguish the contributions of each one and to perform studies on this subject. In this opinion article, we discuss only chronic pulmonary manifestations, focusing on LONIPCs (late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications). This term embraces drug-related toxicity, allergies, and chronic pulmonary graft versus host disease (GvHD) in all its recently identified clinical variants. Among LONIPCs, GvHD represents the most critical in terms of morbidity and mortality, despite the rapid development of new treatment options. A recently emerging perspective suggests that pulmonary lung rejection in transplant patients shares striking similarities with the pathogenesis of GvHD. In a pulmonary transplant, the donor organ is damaged by the host immune system, whereas in GvHD, the donor immune system damages the host organs. It constitutes the most significant breakthrough in recent years and is highly promising for both hematologists and thoracic transplant surgeons. The number of patients with LONIPCs is scarce, with heterogenous clinical characteristics often involving several pathogenetic mechanisms, making it challenging to conduct randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the body of evidence in this field is scarce and generally of low quality, leading to jeopardized choices in terms of immunosuppressive treatment. Moreover, it risks being outdated by common practice due to the quick evolution of knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of LONIPCs. The literature is even more pitiful for children with pulmonary involvement related to HSCT.
Prevalence and Distribution of Nematodes from Coastal Sand Dunes in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Ruiz-Cuenca Alba N. , Abolafia Joaquín
Published: September 2023

Nematodes are a large and diversified zoological group with a wide global distribution, being able even to be present in habitats with extreme conditions. Although coastal dunes can be considered as an adverse environment for these animals, numerous species are discovered there. In general, these small animals present some morphological characteristics, which provide them a high adaptability to these habitats and the ability to reach a wide distribution. In this study, a total of 222 sample sites of coastal sand dunes have been studied in order to know the nematofauna of these habitats. Thus, 42 coastal dunes from three geographical areas of the Iberian Peninsula coast (Atlantic coast, southern Mediterranean coast, and northern Mediterranean coast) were examined. A total of 120 species of nematodes were found, belonging to eight orders. The results showed the higher prevalence of the species belonging to the order Rhabditida, which were present in 84.2% of the sand dunes studied, most of them belonging to the family Cephalobidae with 42 species, while the order with lower prevalence was the order Enoplida appearing only in one dune (0.9%). The classification of nematofauna by trophic groups showed that bacterial feeders, omnivores, hyphal feeders, and plant feeders shared a high prevalence (83.3%, 40.5%, 34.2%, and 32.8%, respectively), while predators, unicellular eukaryote feeders, and substrate ingesters account for less than 11%. A list of the found species, prevalence, and trophic groups is included.
Diffusion Effect on Octogen Coating-Curing Kinetics with Polyurethane Using Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Wibowo Heri Budi , Sitompul Hamonangan Rekso Diputro , Budiman Yudha , Wicaksono Bagus , Fitroh Ahmad Jamaludin , Riyadl Ahmad , Dewi Wiwiek Utami , Ismah Yulia Azatil , Setyaningsih Dwi , Yastuti Aprilia Fitri , Baiquni Mohamad , Mariani Lilis , Maharani Anggaria , Purnomo Herry , Hartaya Kendra , Ardianingsih Retno , Abdillah Luthfia Hajar , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: September 2023

The kinetic analysis of octogen coating with a polyurethane base containing hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was investigated using infrared spectroscopy. The coating process involved a solvent method, where octogen and liquid polyurethane were mixed, the solvent was evaporated, and curing took place at an elevated temperature. The ratio of HTPB to diisocyanate was equimolar. About 200 g octogen was coated with mixture of 2 mL HTPB, 50 mL ethyl acetate, and 0.2 mL TDI in the glass beaker at 30 °C for 1 h. The filtrated ethyl acetate was then evaporated, and the residue was dried in a vacuum oven for 15 min at 30 °C. The resulting film-coated octogen was cast into a KBr pellet and cured in the oven for 7 days at 40 °C, then infrared-analyzed every hour during the curing process. After curing, the shape of the coated octogen particles was analyzed using SEM Initially, the curing process occurred in the solvent system, followed by further curing in the bulk system. The kinetic analysis was performed using a modified diffusion-autocatalytic model, which includes noncatalytic, autocatalytic, and diffusion components. This model was compared with others during the bulk reaction and proved to be effective in correcting errors, particularly in the gel time region. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated using the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The reaction rate was initially controlled by chemical reactivity, but after the gel time, diffusion became the controlling factor. In the HTPB-TDI system, both the noncatalytic and autocatalytic parts decreased with increasing temperature, while diffusivity increased. It is worth noting that diffusivity is temperature-dependent. Different di-isocyanates, namely toluene diisocyanate (TDI), iso-phorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), were studied, revealing that HMDI exhibited higher reactivity than TDI and IPDI. The catalyst effect on reaction rate of the HTPB-TDI system was investigated. The addition of catalysts (0.1%) to the HTPB-TDI system decreased their activation energy in the order DBTL > FeAA > TPB. Catalysts did not change their diffusivity.