bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sekrety Hogwartu. Czy tajemnice Harry’ego Pottera zostały odkryte?
Authors: Bajer Aleksander
Published: August 2023

Przedmiot niniejszego artykułu recenzyjnego stanowi książka Odkrywanie tajemnic Harry’ego Pottera. Hogwart. Gryffindor Agnieszki Kobrzyckiej (2020). Autor tekstu analizuje publikację w kontekście ostatnich ponad 20 lat badań nad cyklem potterowskim w Polsce i na świecie oraz pokazuje, jak na przestrzeni lat zmieniało się podejście literaturoznawców do sagi o Chłopcu, Który Przeżył. Następnie przedstawia najważniejsze założenia i cele analiz przeprowadzonych przez Kobrzycką oraz wchodzi w polemikę z przedstawianymi przez nią argumentami. Autor polemizuje m.in. z zarzutami, które Kobrzycka stawia Andrzejowi Polkowskiemu, tłumaczowi serii, oraz wskazuje na pewne braki formalne w recenzowanej monografii.
Characterisation of Doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) at Different Calcination Temperature Using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
Authors: Othman Siti Amira
Published: August 2023

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most powerful semiconductors used in wastewater treatment. However, TiO2 has a wide band gap that only can be activated by using UV light. To overcome the weakness of this photocatalyst, the doping technique by using the sol-gel method was applied to the TiO2. The sol-gel method is easy, low cost and can be conducted at low temperature. Through this method, the band gap can be narrow and the doped TiO2 can be activated using visible light. The objectives of this research are to study the relationship between variable parameters and the sample characterisations, to analyse the characteristics of modified photocatalysts doped nitrogen and magnesium on the phase. In this research project, nitrogen and magnesium will be used for doping techniques with TiO2. Calcination temperature will be varied at 300oC, 500oC and 700oC to analyse the phase and characteristics of samples at different calcination temperatures. Parameters that are involved in this research include the amount of doping which is varied at 0.5 wt.%, 0.7 wt.% and 0.9 wt.% and type of dopant used (nitrogen and magnesium). The sample will be characterised by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).
Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics Study of Wheat Polysaccharide via Modified Reductor Technique in Bead Making Process
Authors: Idibie C. A. , Awatefe K. J. , Clark P. D.
Published: August 2023

The reaction mechanism and kinetics investigation of the substitution of titanium in wheat flour polysaccharide (referred to here as titaniumation) in aqua medium during bead making process was carried out. The use of the Modified Reductor Technique was implored to study the reaction kinetics. The study was carried out at varying temperatures between 25 – 70oC. The study showed that the titaniumation of the wheat polysaccharide molecules increased with time and temperature. Hence, at 25oC, the degree of titaniumation (DT) of the ring increased from 0.41 % to 0.49 % and at elevated temperature of 70oC, DT increased from 0.58 to 0.94 % as time progressed from 30 to 210 mins, respectively, while keeping both amount of wheat polysaccharide and TiO2 constant, and thus achieving >1.9-fold. This also implies that the titaniumation of wheat polysaccharide using TiO2 is favourable at elevated temperature. The study was able to reveal that the reaction mechanism of the titaniumation of the polysaccharide molecules is an electrophilic substitution reaction, favouring the ortho position, while the kinetics study showed that the titaniumation reaction is of first order reaction.
Typing myalgic encephalomyelitis by infection at onset: A DecodeME study
Authors: Bretherick Andrew D. , McGrath Simon J. , Devereux-Cooke Andy , Leary Sian , Northwood Emma , Redshaw Anna , Stacey Pippa , Tripp Claire , Wilson Jim , Chowdhury Sonya , Lewis Isabel , Almelid Øyvind , Baby Sumy V. , Baker Tom , Becher Hannes , Boutin Thibaud , Clyde Malgorzata , Garcia Diana , Ireland John , Kerr Shona M. , McDowall Ewan , Perry David , Samms Gemma L. , Vitart Veronique , Wolfe Jareth C. , Ponting Chris P.
Published: August 2023

Background: People with myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) experience core symptoms of post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment. Despite numbering 0.2-0.4% of the population, no laboratory test is available for their diagnosis, no effective therapy exists for their treatment, and no scientific breakthrough regarding pathogenesis has been made. It remains unknown, despite decades of small-scale studies, whether individuals experience different types of ME/CFS separated by onset-type, sex or age.

Methods: DecodeME is a large population-based study of ME/CFS that recruited 17,074 participants in the first 3 months following full launch. Detailed questionnaire responses from UK-based participants who all reported being diagnosed with ME/CFS by a health professional provided an unparalleled opportunity to investigate, using logistic regression, whether ME/CFS severity or onset type is significantly associated with sex, age, illness duration, comorbid conditions or symptoms.

Results: The well-established sex-bias among ME/CFS patients is evident in the initial DecodeME cohort: 83.5% of participants were females. What was not known previously was that females tend to have more comorbidities than males. Moreover, being female, being older and being over 10 years from ME/CFS onset are significantly associated with greater severity.  Five different ME/CFS onset types were examined in the self-reported data: those with ME/CFS onset (i) after glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis); (ii) after COVID-19 infection; (iii) after other infections; (iv) without an infection at onset; and, (v) where the occurrence of an infection at or preceding onset is not known. Among other findings, ME/CFS onset with unknown infection status was significantly associated with active fibromyalgia.

Conclusions: DecodeME participants differ in symptoms, comorbid conditions and/or illness severity when stratified by their sex-at-birth and/or infection around the time of ME/CFS onset.
Understanding Green Food Consumption Behavior
Authors: Mazhar Waqas , Zilahy Gyula
Published: August 2023

Food consumption is one of the most significant contributors to global environmental problems being responsible for a large share of greenhouse gas emissions, water scarcity, and soil pollution, among others. The demand for unsustainable food contributes to the food sector's environmental burden. Consequently, there has been a surge in research on green food consumption in the last ten years. Still, our understanding of green food purchase behavior is rather rudimentary and needs a comprehensive view. For this reason, the current study aims to understand green food purchase behavior through a literature review approach. The study explored and analyzed relevant theories and determinants in explaining green food purchase behavior. Additionally, the study also investigated the literature to identify research suggestions given by authors to improve future studies. The current review applied key term searches on the "Web of Science" database to find related literature. The search results found 69 articles published between 2015 and 2021 in peer-reviewed English-language journals. The findings include important descriptive bibliographical analysis and patterns and trends in green food consumption. Additionally, the research identified categories of determinants explaining green food purchase behavior. The review summarized the suggestions given by scholars in the literature to help future researchers for improvement.
Story-based mathematics learning: Inspiration from stories in the Qur’an
Authors: Chusnia Rifatul , Fathani Abdul Halim
Published: August 2023

Science is the most essential component that human beings must have because they can distinguish between right and wrong only with science. Allah Almighty gives gifts to humans in the form of reason that can be used to think and develop the science that Allah has created. In Allah’s verse, Surah Al-Mujadalah, verse 11, it is stated that Allah will elevate the degree of a knowledgeable man. Therefore, Muslims are obliged by law to seek knowledge by using the Qur’an and Sunnah as guidelines. Understanding the content of the Qur’an was also necessary; thus, scholars revealed the content of the Qur’an through the stories in the Qur’an. This article discussed the stories in the Qur’an and their integration into mathematics education through story-based methods. The research reason, i.e., many children and the public perception that learning mathematics was not necessary and assumed that mathematics was difficult to understand. This article proposed solutions to overcome these problems through the story method because the stories’ knowledge conveyed would be easier to understand and stuck in the minds of children and society where the story was taken from the stories in the Qur’an.
The Influence of the Korean Independence Movement conducted in North America on the March First Movement and the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
Authors:   Korean Association For Political And Diplomatic History, Park Myung Soo
Published: August 2023

This paper examines how the March 1st Movement and the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was affected by the Korean Independence Movement in the United States which started in the aftermath of World War I. Korean immigrants considered the victory of the United States in the war as a victory of democracy and believed that the future independent government of Korean should be modeled upon the American democratic system. This idea was delivered by Rhee Syng-man to Hyun-soon soon after he heard that a provisional government would be established in Shanghai. Rhee emphasized this once again during the First Korean Congress in Philadelphia. These thoughts shared by the Korean immigrants at the time had a great influence on the Provisional Charter of the Republic of Korea. Many scholars have understood the so-called mandatory theory as an argument put forward by Rhee Syng-man and Jeong Han-kyung, but this paper has revealed that this was an official resolution approved by discussions within the Korean National Association. Rhee maintained this position for some time even after the March 1st Movement, but he changed his position and insisted on full independence after hearing that the provisional government would found in Shanghai. This idea was emphasized during the First Korean Congress and also in his letter to President Wilson in April of 1919. The theory that Rhee Syng-man planned the March 1st Movement was a widespread theory argued by advocates of Rhee Syng-man, but there are no evidences that support his planning or direction regarding the March 1st Movement in the Korean peninsula. Nonetheless, many people thought that Rhee had been involved in the movement, which led him to become president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Rumors have made history.
Susceptibilidad de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus presente en superficies inertes del Hospital José Félix Valdivieso
Authors: Gerardo Ortiz Jonathan , Parra Bernal Oscar Fernando , Segovia Clavijo Elizabeth Pamela
Published: August 2023

Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) al ser una bacteria invasiva posee una alta prevalencia a causar infecciones nosocomiales, ya que, comúnmente se encuentra en fosas nasales y manos del personal de salud como de los pacientes. Debido a su naturaleza ubicua, este patógeno se encuentra mayoritariamente en ambientes hospitalarios y es considerado un vector de enfermedades infecciosas, se estima que más del 70% de bacterias que causan infecciones nosocomiales generan resistencia al menos a un fármaco de uso común. Objetivo general: Determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de S. aureus presentes en superficies inertes del Hospital José Félix Valdivieso. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, las muestras fueron constituidas por las superficies inertes de las áreas de emergencia y hospitalización tales como: barandales de camillas, interruptores, manijas de puertas, porta sueros y fichas metálicas, para la recolección de las muestras se utilizó hisopos estériles humedecidos en caldo BHI, que fueron conservados y transportados para su procesamiento en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Resultados: Se aislaron 6 cepas de S. aureus distribuidas en las áreas de cirugía (67%) y pediatría (33%), de las cuales el 100 % presentó sensibilidad a cefoxitina y 3 fueron resistentes a penicilina, clindamicina y eritromicina, estos dos últimos mediante resistencia inducible. Conclusión: Se evidenció la presencia de S. aureus en dos áreas  críticas llegando a ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones nosocomiales.
Role of Foetal Trans-cerebellar Diameter in the Prediction of Gestational Age in Correlation with other Foetal Biometric Parameter: A Cross-sectional Study in a Secondary Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Jakia , Akter Homayra , Akter Suraya , Mahmood Tahseen , Belal Ahmed , Sohan Salah Uddin Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Uncertain gestational age is associated with higher perinatal mortality rates. Accurate assessment of gestational age is an important parameter in obstetrics for the management of pregnancy and evaluation of foetal development.
Objective: To evaluate whether trans-cerebellar diameter (TCD) in singleton uncomplicated gestations can serve as a reliable predictor of gestational age (GA) in fetuses between 18-38 weeks of pregnancy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Radiology and Imaging of CMH, Ghatail, from January 2019 to December 2019 among purposively selected 89 outpatient and admitted pregnant women without any complication having regular menstrual cycle and confirmed about last menstrual period (LMP). The transabdominal USG was performed in each patient and trans-cerebellar diameter was taken which was later correlated with other foetal biometric parameters like biparietaldiameter (BPD), femoral length (FL) etc.
Results: Most of the patients belonged to 21-25 years age group (32.6%). Mean age of the study subjects was 26.94±5.70 years ranging from 19 to 38 years and were predominantly (51.7%) primipara. Mean gestational age was 220.69±37.30 days by LMP, 216.20±36.06 days by BPD, 219.00±38.43 days by FL and 218.81±39.36 days by TCD. Mean of biparietal diameter, femoral length and transverse cerebellar diameter were 7.59±1.40cm, 5.91± 1.33cm and 3.93±1.00cm respectively. A significant positive linear correlation between GA by LMP with GA by BPD, FL and TCD was observed (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Foetal trans-cerebellar diameter is a reliable sonological parameter for the estimation of foetal gestational age and dating of pregnancy can be made depending on TCD in the pregnant women with unsure of their LMP.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 2 (December) 2022: 40-45
Student Collaboration in Student Active Learning
Authors: Sølvberg Astrid , Rismark Marit
Published: August 2023

Student active learning refers to instructional approaches that actively engage students in the learning process through collaboration and discussion. However, the role and benefits of collaboration are described in different ways in the literature. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of collaboration in student active learning by exploring how students experience collaboration. The findings are based on reflection notes from a total of 54 students attending a course at the Master’s degree level. They wrote reflection notes on their individual learning outcomes and on how group collaboration supported their learning. Their experiences of collaboration in active learning were also collected through semi-structured grou interviews. The data material was analyzed through a pragmatic approach inspired by both thematic analysis and constant comparative analysis. The students report that the active learning brought them into close and binding collaboration with fellow students and their teachers. Categories such as COntract, COntextualization, COnstruction, and COnnection describe in detail how the students experienced collaboration in student active learning, and how they described the role and benefits of collaboration. To communicate to educators how such knowledge may support them when planning and implementing student active learning, we also present a conceptual framework that can guide educators and students through the phases of planning, implementing, and assessing student active learning. The framework shows how student active learning may open for student engagement, student reflection, and student influence.
Prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children
Authors: Cho Yu Kyung , Lee Jin , Paik Chang Nyol
Published: August 2023

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as the presence of an excessive number of bacteria within the small bowel. Pediatric SIBO is a heterogeneous disorder that manifests as various symptoms ranging from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to malabsorption or malnutrition. The carbohydrate breath test is a commonly used, safe, and noninvasive diagnostic test; however, a standardized methodology is lacking. Multiple factors, such as neuromuscular disorders, systemic diseases, chronic drug use, or altered intestinal anatomy that disturb intestinal motility or induce an abnormality in the body’s defense systems against intestinal bacteria, predispose children to SIBO. The high prevalence and similar symptoms of SIBO in functional gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome, suggest an association between them. The principles of treatment include managing predisposing conditions, nutritional support, symptom control, and antibacterial treatment. Rifaximin is the most commonly used drug. To date, studies of antibiotic treatment in pediatric populations with irritable bowel syndrome or SIBO are lacking and have shown mixed results. Here we review the prevalence, diagnostic tests, and treatment results in pediatric populations.
Children’s health affected by parent’s behavioral characteristics: a review
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Lee Jongin
Published: August 2023

Exposure of an individual to occupational and environmental risk factors for a certain disease affects them and their family. Children are highly vulnerable in this setting because they are family-dependent. This review discusses diseases that occur in children according to the occupational and behavioral characteristics of their parents. Toxic agents in the home environment can affect children’s health. Maternal exposure to substances during pregnancy may directly affect fetal outcomes. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in Korea was amended in 2023 to compensate for children’s adverse health effects due to their parents’ occupational risks. The long working hours and smoking behaviors of parents and toxic materials in the home environment are highlighted. To control for the diverse factors affecting children’s health in medical research, this review introduces directed acyclic graphs. Pediatric, occupational, and environmental medicine must collaborate to prevent childhood diseases related to environmental factors.
Nekton use of co-occurring aquaculture and seagrass structure on tidal flats
Authors: Boardman FC , Subbotin ER , Ruesink JL
Published: August 2023

On the extensive tidal flats of Willapa Bay (Pacific coast, USA), oyster culture, seagrass, and mudflats create a mosaic of intertidal habitats. Structured habitats are generally considered to increase abundance and diversity of associated species, but less attention has been paid to roles of different kinds of structure (seagrass meadows, reefs, farm infrastructure) or co-occurring structure in shaping nekton assemblage structure. Here, we investigated the effects of different oyster culture methods (suspended culture and bottom culture) on nekton communities and abundance across a gradient of seagrass habitats, during multiple seasons, and using both seine and video sampling methods. Of 23 major estuarine taxa, 2 were generally associated with vertical structure (eelgrass or suspended culture), 3 were seagrass specialists, and 3 primarily used habitats lacking vertical structure (mudflats and bottom culture). Where oyster culture was present, 5 taxa associated with on-bottom and 2 taxa associated with suspended culture. Assemblage structure responded to co-occurring structure as expected from responses to each structure type independently (i.e. additive effects of seagrass and oyster culture). In contrast to much empirical evidence in structured habitats, seagrass density was a poor predictor of overall fish abundance. These findings together suggest that maintaining a mosaic of available habitats is favorable for promoting diversity in Willapa Bay.
Pseudacris regilla metamorphs acquire resistance to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis after exposure to the killed fungus
Authors: McMahon TA , Nordheim CL , Detmering SE , Johnson PTJ , Rohr JR , Civitello DJ
Published: August 2023

The pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is associated with drastic global amphibian declines. Prophylactic exposure to killed zoospores and the soluble chemicals they produce (Bd metabolites) can induce acquired resistance to Bd in adult Cuban treefrogs Osteopilus septentrionalis. Here, we exposed metamorphic frogs of a second species, the Pacific chorus frog Pseudacris regilla, to one of 2 prophylactic treatments prior to live Bd exposures: killed Bd zoospores with metabolites, killed zoospores alone, or a water control. Prior exposure to killed Bd zoospores with metabolites reduced Bd infection intensity in metamorphic Pacific chorus frogs by 60.4% compared to control frogs. Interestingly, Bd intensity in metamorphs previously exposed to killed zoospores alone did not differ in magnitude relative to the control metamorphs, nor to those treated with killed zoospores plus metabolites. Previous work indicated that Bd metabolites alone can induce acquired resistance in tadpoles, and so these findings together indicate that it is possible that the soluble Bd metabolites may contain immunomodulatory components that drive this resistance phenotype. Our results expand the generality of this prophylaxis work by identifying a second amphibian species (Pacific chorus frog) and an additional amphibian life stage (metamorphic frog) that can acquire resistance to Bd after metabolite exposure. This work increases hopes that a Bd-metabolite prophylaxis might be widely effective across amphibian species and life stages.
Sensitivity And Specificity of FEF25–75/Forced Vital Capacity for Diagnosing Restrictive Lung Disease
Authors: Tarkhorani Mohamad Reza , Ziamanesh Fateme , Zadeh Hosein Kazemi , Edalatifard Maryam , Rahimi Besharat
Published: August 2023

Introduction and objective: The role of spirometry in the diagnosis of restrictive lung diseases is unclear. This study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the forced expiratory flow 25–75 (FEF25–75)/forced vital capacity (FVC) parameter in diagnosing restrictive lung disease.

Methods: In this study, the records of all restrictive patients who were referred to the pulmonary centre of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from March 2021–March 2022 have been reviewed, and the indexes in the body box and spirometry have been recorded.

Results: A total of 527 people were included in the study. Among them, 134 people (25.4%) had restrictive lung disease. The average area under the graph of the FEF25–75/FVC index is 0.648±0.028. It can be said that the area under the graph for the FEF25–75/FVC index is between 0.594–0.703. The FEF25–75/FVC index at values above 79.90 has a sensitivity of 70.9% and a false positive rate (1- specificity) of 53.2%.

Conclusions: According to the result of this study, the ratio of FEF25–75/FVC index in spirometry at above 79.90 has a sensitivity of 70.9% and a false positive rate (1- specificity) of 53.2%. Therefore, it can be used as a screening test for restrictive lung diseases.
Scientific and legal principles of determining the territorial boundaries of cathedral Ukraine in the light of revolutionary practice (1917–1920)
Authors: Soldatenko Valerii
Published: August 2023

Formulation of the problem. Recently, issues related to the history of the implementation of the idea of Ukrainian unity have become extremely acute in ideological life. Along with statements about the absence of the phenomenon of the Ukrainian nation, denials of the fact of the existence of a full-fledged statehood of Ukraine, Russian politicians and some scientists are promoting misleading statements that the current Ukraine was the result of unfortunate mistakes of the leaders of the previous stages of social development, turned out to be a conglomerate of artificially "glued together" in the information space. a territory with an ethnically heterogeneous,or even simply predominantly non-Ukrainian, population.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the chronologically first attempt at scientific and practical-political determination of the natural boundaries of territories with the predominance of the Ukrainian ethnographic element as an objective, fair, convincing criterion for their regular composition into a single national-state space.

Using the methods of scientific objectivity, concrete-historical and analytical comparative research, the processes of ideological-theoretical and legal substantiation of the concepts of achieving Ukrainian unity in the times of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the times of the Central Council and the Directory, the Hetman's Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1917-1920) are reproduced yr.).

On the basis of the available documents and real facts, the picture of the implementation of interconnected concepts of the Ukrainian national-democratic revolution and the unification of the branches of Ukrainianism, which had been dispersed until then, is being reconstructed. A convincing conclusion is made that the observance of clear, principled guidelines for the ethnographic principle, as an unshakable legal basis for the formation of an independent cathedral state, brought undeniable practical results, while neglecting this principle, replacing it with other,mostly opportunistic approaches, ended without results.

Key words: Ukrainian revolution, national unity, ethnographic principle, national territorial autonomy, independence, regionalism, separatism, Act of Zluka.
Some Aspects of the Concept of State Responsibility for Internationally Illegal Acts
Authors: Bazov Viktor , Loza Dmytro
Published: August 2023

The article examines some topical issues of the theory and practice of state responsibility for internationally illegal acts, which is of great importance in the doctrine of modern international law. Doctrinal approaches to defining the concept of internationally illegal action of the state are analyzed. The importance of codification and further development of international law in the field of responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts is noted. It is noted that due to the systematization of doctrine and judicial practice in 2001 it was possible to substantiate the latest doctrinal definition of responsibility in international law for international illegal actions of the state, which found its implementation and enshrined in the Articles of UN Resolution56/83 of 12 December 2001. The Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts stipulate that every State that has committed an internationally wrongful act is liable for it. The Articles define the elements of internationally illegal actions of the state. It is noted that an internationally wrongful act of a state occurs when any conduct constituting an act or omission is a) appropriated to a state under international law; and(b) constitutes a violation of that State’s international legal obligation.

Thus, the illegal behavior of the state can be both active and in action of the state. An important role in the preparation of the Articles belongs to the Commission on International Law. The scientific views of the members of the UN International Law Commission on international legal activities of states are analyzed. Thus, the modern doctrine of the state’s responsibility in international law for international illegal acts is based on the recognition of the state’s illegal behavior inviolation of the international legal obligations of this state under international law. Therefore, the issues of international legal responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts need to be enshrined in the Universal International Convention on the Liability of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, which will contribute to the progressive development of the law of international responsibility.

Key words: international law, state, responsibility, international wrongful act, doctrine.
The place and role of the principle of legal state activities in establishing its absolute liability
Authors: Khodosh Valeriia
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The mass introduction of new technologies led to the establishment of the institution of absolute liability in international law. At the same time, such activity is not prohibited by international law, which determines the legal nature of this type of liability.

The aim of the article is to highlight the specifics of the principle of legal state activities in the establishment and development of absolute liability as a separate category of liability in international law.

Results. It analyses the features of the absolute liability of the state caused by the ultrahazardous activities, such as such as the accident of causing damage and the absence of fault, the contractual nature of fixation, the primacy of norms, compensatory nature, etc. It is shown that such state activity is connected with the rapid development of scientific and technological progress and is not prohibited by international law. However, given that it is accompanied by increased danger, in the event of harm to another state, this activity, according to international law, is subject to material compensation.

Сonclusions. Therefore, it is the legitimate activity of states, which is an ultrahazardous activity, determines the legal nature of absolute liability in international law, conditioning it as a separate type of state liability that requires special mechanisms for its consolidation and attraction to it.

Key words: international law, ultrahazardous activities, absolute state liability,transbordary harm, acts not prohibited by international law, states liability.
Collective memory and means of claims in democracies: Evidence from Chile (2019-2023)
Authors: Martins Armando , Hemsley Pedro
Published: August 2023

This article explores the role of protests in politically engaging citizens, particularly in countries with a history of political violence. Focusing on the Chilean protests between October 2019 and March 2020, known as the Estallido Social, and the subsequent Constituent Plebiscite from 2020 to 2022, triggered by police violence, the study investigates the hypothesis. Chile has a history of institutional violence during Pinochet's authoritarian regime. The research indicates that municipalities with military bases before 1970 witnessed increased participation in the Estallido Social protests but had lower participation in the plebiscite and constituent member elections. These municipalities did not align strongly with any particular political coalition. Using statistical analysis, the study reveals that political victimization during the Pinochet era and contemporary rememberance in social media significantly influence this pattern. The findings suggest that political violence can induce participation beyond voting but may also weaken the link between voters and political elites.
EUROPEAN SYSTEM OF WHEELED VEHICLE COMPLIANCE
WITH THE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THEIR LIFE CYCLE
Authors: Gorpynyuk Andriy , Bregida Fedir , Dan'ko Andriy , Merzhyyevs'kyy Valentyn , Ponomaryova Yuliya
Published: August 2023

The impact of the basic EU documents and global agreements concerning the wheeled vehicles' life cycle is analyzed, as well as the relevant acts of Ukrainian legislation are reviewed. The performed researches show that: 1) to regulate the wheeled vehicle life cycle at the state level, it is necessary to develop and approve a single Concept for technical and administrative requirements and processes regarding the
life cycle of wheeled vehicles on the basis of the acquis EU and the legislation of Ukraine; 2) in order to ensure the wheeled vehicle life cycle, it is necessary to consistently determine the legal norms of the directly applicable laws, the competencies of the central executive bodies to develop the relevant regulations. Several recommendations are provided regarding the major documents that need to be developed in the legislation of Ukraine. Using these recommendations to develop the legislation of Ukraine would help to improve the environmental situation
in terms of reducing harmful emissions from vehicles, reusing, recycling, or recovering the end-of-life motor vehicles and their components.
Due to the direct links to acquis EU, in particular to a number of its translations into Ukrainian, accessible on the website of the SE SRTRI, the article could be used also as a background paper
Contribution of biochar application to the promotion of circular economy in agriculture
Authors: Enaime Ghizlane , Wichern Marc , Lübken Manfred
Published: August 2023

The traditional linear model in agriculture based on the so-called ‘take-make-waste’ has created many problems such as resource scarcity, waste generation, climate change and biodiversity loss. Recently, with the increase in public awareness, the attentiveness in developing a circular economy model was doubled with a focus on proper waste management to bring some benefits to the agricultural sector. Although the increasing acceptance of biochar as a carbon-based material capable of playing a multidimensional role in reducing waste, mitigating climate change, and creating a closed-loop agricultural system, it is still far to move to a final conclusion that biochar application in agriculture could bring attractive environmental and economic benefits. Research conducted so far has led to many insights into how to enhance agricultural sustainability through biochar application, as the impact of biochar is strongly interrelated to their inherent properties, which vary deeply with the nature of biomass and the preparation conditions. In the present study, a systematic literature review was performed to investigate the state- of-the-art research related to the application of biochar in agriculture and its contribution in the establishment of circular economy concept. The interlinking between biochar application in agriculture with energy-water systems and its contribution to successfully build up a circular economy model has also been investigated.
Proof of concept of using a membrane-sensing peptide for sEVs affinity-based isolation
Authors: Benayas Beatriz , Morales Joaquín , Gori Alessandro , Strada Alessandro , Gagni Paola , Frigerio Roberto , Egea Carolina , Armisén Pilar , Cretich Marina , Yáñez-Mó María
Published: August 2023

Graphical Abstract
Vaccination with the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus viral replicon vaccine induces NP-based T-cell activation and antibodies possessing Fc-mediated effector functions
Authors: Scholte F. E. M. , Karaaslan E. , O’Neal T. J. , Sorvillo T. E. , Genzer S. C. , Welch S. R. , Coleman-McCray J. D. , Spengler J. R. , Kainulainen M. H. , Montgomery J. M. , Pegan S. D. , Bergeron E. , Spiropoulou C. F.
Published: August 2023

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV; family Nairoviridae) is a tick-borne pathogen that frequently causes lethal disease in humans. CCHFV has a wide geographic distribution, and cases have been reported in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Availability of a safe and efficacious vaccine is critical for restricting outbreaks and preventing disease in endemic countries. We previously developed a virus-like replicon particle (VRP) vaccine that provides complete protection against homologous and heterologous lethal CCHFV challenge in mice after a single dose. However, the immune responses induced by this vaccine are not well characterized, and correlates of protection remain unknown. Here we comprehensively characterized the kinetics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in VRP-vaccinated mice, and demonstrate that they predominantly target the nucleoprotein (NP). NP antibodies are not associated with protection through neutralizing activity, but VRP vaccination results in NP antibodies possessing Fc-mediated antibody effector functions, such as complement activation (ADCD) and antibody-mediated cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). This suggests that Fc-mediated effector functions may contribute to this vaccine’s efficacy.
Case report: A case of hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy with non-reversible cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Xie Ying , Yang Jing , Li Kun , Liu Fang , Yi Yi , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2023

Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy is a rare etiology of heart failure. It is considered highly reversible with a relatively favorable prognosis. This case reports a 52-year-old housewife diagnosed with hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy who presented with acute decompensated heart failure and hypocalcemia symptoms with a history of thyroidectomy. Shortness of breath and edema were relieved after diuresis and prompt electrolyte correction. The left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 27% to 53%, and the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension shortened from 58 to 50 mm in echocardiographic re-examinations, while repeat cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed evidence of non-reversible cardiac fibrosis after 1-year follow-up. Cardioprotective agents with close follow-ups were called for in this entity of patients.
Case report: Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation surgically treated with sutureless prosthesis and ascending aorta replacement
Authors: Cabrucci Francesco , Bacchi Beatrice , Codecasa Riccardo , Stefàno Pierluigi
Published: August 2023

Infective endocarditis on transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) represents an increasingly frequent challenge for cardiac surgeons. Patients undergoing TAVI usually have high mortality risk scores and unsuitable anatomy for the traditional surgical approach. Therefore, surgical planning is crucial, albeit sometimes intraoperative findings can be unexpected and arduous. We describe a case of infective endocarditis on TAVI in a patient with a porcelain aorta and “hostile” aortic root surgically treated with Perceval sutureless prosthesis and ascending aorta replacement.
Impact of pre-hospital handling and initial time to cranial computed tomography on outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest—a retrospective bi-centric study
Authors: Pantel Tobias , Neulen Axel , Mader Marius Marc-Daniel , Kurz Elena , Piffko Andras , Fassl Verena , Westphal Manfred , Gempt Jens , Ringel Florian , Czorlich Patrick
Published: August 2023

Background

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) presents occasionally with cardiac arrest (CA). The impact of pre-hospital and emergency room (ER) treatment on outcome remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impact of pre-hospital treatment, focusing on lay cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and ER handling on the outcome of SAH patients with out-of-hospital CA (OHCA).

Methods

In this bi-centric retrospective analysis, we reviewed SAH databases for OHCA and CPR from January 2011 to June 2021. Patients were analyzed for general clinical and epidemiological parameters. CPR data were obtained from ambulance reports and information on ER handling from the medical records. Data were correlated with patient survival at hospital discharge as a predefined outcome parameter.

Results

Of 1,120 patients with SAH, 45 (4.0%) were identified with OHCA and CPR, 38 of whom provided all required information and were included in this study. Time to resuscitation was significantly shorter with lay resuscitation (5.3 ± 5.2 min vs. 0.3 ± 1.2 min, p = 0.003). Nineteen patients were not initially scheduled for cranial computed tomography (CCT), resulting in a significantly longer time interval to first CCT (mean ± SD: 154 ± 217 min vs. 40 ± 23 min; p < 0.001). Overall survival to discharge was 31.6%. Pre-hospital lay CPR was not associated with higher survival (p = 0.632). However, we observed a shorter time to first CCT in surviving patients (p = 0.065)

Conclusions

OHCA in SAH patients is not uncommon. Besides high-quality CPR, time to diagnosis of SAH appears to play an important role. We therefore recommend considering CCT diagnostics as part of the diagnostic algorithm in patients with OHCA.
Development of microextraction methods for the determination of sulfamethoxazole in water and biological samples: modelling, optimization and verification by central composite design
Authors: Amin Issa Sheibani , Neysari Ali Naser , Althomali Raed H. , Musad Saleh Ebraheem Abdu , Baymakov Sayfiddin , Radie Alawady Ahmed Hussien , Hashiem Alsaalamy Ali , Ramadan Montather F. , Juyal Ashima
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to preconcentration of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water and biological samples. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) and ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction (UA-DSPME) methods paired with spectrophotometry were applied to extraction and preconcentration of SMX. ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared as adsorbent in UA-DSPME method by hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique showed that the adsorbent had symmetrical, bullet-shaped particles with uniform size. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the successful synthesis of the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Effective parameters in extraction, including ultrasonication time, disperser solvent volume, adsorbent amount, extraction solvent volume, eluent volume, and pH were investigated and optimized. The practical and optimal conditions of the process were determined by the central composite design (CCD). The optimal conditions were 0.024 g of adsorbent, 535 µL of disperser solvent volume, 7.5 min of ultrasonication time, 235 µL of eluent volume, pH of 5, and 185 µL of extraction solvent volume. Linear ranges and detection limits were 20–1,200 μg L−1 and 6 μg L−1 for UA-DSPME and 10–800 μg L−1 and 3 μg L−1 for UA-DLLME. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4% were obtained for UA-DSPME and UA-DLLME methods. The reusability showed that the ZnFe2O4 adsorbent could extract SMX up to five cycles of adsorption/desorption without significant reduction in its efficiency. Also, interference studies showed that the presence of different cations and anions did not significantly interfere in the extraction of SMX. The outcomes of real-time samples analysis showed that the extraction of SMX for both methods was in the range of 92.44%–99.12%. The results showed the developed methods are simple, sensitive, and suitable for SMX preconcentration in environmental water and biological samples.
Novel marrellomorph moulting behaviour preserved in the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Shale, Morocco
Authors: Drage Harriet B. , Legg David A. , Daley Allison C.
Published: August 2023

Exoskeleton moulting is the process of shedding the old exoskeleton to enable growth, development and repair, representing a crucial recurrent event in the life histories of all euarthropods. The fossil record of moulting allows us to interpret the evolution of this important behaviour and its impact on the evolutionary trajectories of extinct and extant euarthropods. Current knowledge of Palaeozoic euarthropod moulting relates largely to trilobites, with fewer examples known for non-mineralised extinct taxa from early in euarthropod evolutionary history. We describe exuviae from a marrellid marrellomorph found abundantly in the Early Ordovician Fezouata Shale Lagerstätte of Morocco, which allow a novel reconstruction, the second ever, of marrellid moulting behaviours. We identify the moulting suture location, describe preserved moulting assemblages, and suggest how its moulting behaviours are adaptive to its morphology. Several specimens represent complete and nearly complete assemblages and additional disarticulated specimens confirm the suture line location. The suture line is located between the mediolateral and posterolateral spine pairs, dividing the cephalic shield into anterior and posterior parts. The Fezouata marrellid likely exited the exoskeleton during exuviation using posterior and upwards movements, analogous in terms of movement to lobster-like extant arthropods. The suture line is comparable in the closely related marrellid Mimetaster, and distinctive from that of another marrellid, Marrella splendens, which has an exuvial opening at the anterior of the cephalic shield and exited the exoskeleton anteriorly. This difference in moulting behaviour as compared to Marrella is likely adaptive to the greater complexity of the Fezouata marrellid, with upwards rather than forwards movement presumably providing a more favourable angle for the extraction of complex spines. This description of the moulting behaviours and related morphological features of marrellomorphs expands our understanding of this crucial characteristic in extinct euarthropods.
Case report: A rare case of pyruvate kinase deficiency and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II with a novel pathogenic variant of PKLR and UGT1A1 mutation
Authors: Wu Huan , Wu Long , Zhang Quan , Zhang Bao-fang
Published: August 2023

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome are rare autosomal recessive liver diseases. PKD is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the PKLR gene, leading to non-spherocytic hereditary hemolytic anemia. On the other hand, Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS-II) is characterized by the loss or reduced activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, resulting in elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin, which is the primary cause of disease manifestation. To date, there have been no reported cases of patients with both conditions. In this case report, we present the unique clinical course of a 15-year-old Chinese patient with both PKD and CNS-II. The patient was admitted for evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia and exhibited yellowish skin color, icteric sclera, and splenomegaly upon physical examination. Extensive laboratory examinations ruled out viral, hemolytic, autoimmune, and inborn or acquired metabolic etiologies of liver injury. Histopathological findings indicated benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) and hemosiderosis. Surprisingly, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the patient’s blood did not reveal any mutation sites associated with BRIC. Instead, it identified a novel homozygous pathogenic variant of the PKLR gene [c.1276C>T (p.Arg426Trp)] and a rare heterozygous variant of UGT1A1 gene [c.-55_-54insAT, c.1091C>T (p.Pro364Leu)]. These findings strongly suggest a diagnosis of PKD and CNS-II in the patient. Treatment with 500 mg/day of ursodeoxycholic acid proved to be effective, rapidly reducing the patient’s total bilirubin levels and shortening the symptomatic period. This case highlights the importance of genetic diagnosis in accurately identifying the underlying cause of hyperbilirubinemia, especially in patients with rare hereditary diseases. Furthermore, NGS can provide valuable insights into the genotype-phenotype correlation of PKD and CNS-II.