bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices about translanguaging pedagogy: A qualitative study from Iran
Authors: Salimi Esmaeel Ali , Tian Zhongfeng , Ghasempour Alireza
Published: October 2024

In the past decade, research on EFL teachers’ beliefs about translanguaging has significantly grown. However, little qualitative research has been done on teachers’ translanguaging beliefs and practices and the congruity between them. To address this gap in the literature, the current study investigated Iranian EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices, and the correspondence between these beliefs and practices. Data was collected from ten teachers who taught English as a foreign language through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations (three per teachers). The data was analyzed based on the principles of thematic analysis. The results showed that the teachers perceived six dimensions of translanguaging, including diverse beliefs of translanguaging, perceived relevance of translanguaging, pedagogical beliefs and approaches, attitudes toward benefits, concerns and challenges of applying translanguaging, and student-centered approaches. In regard to their practice, the teachers practiced translanguaging in various contexts and through different instructional strategies in their classes. Regarding the correspondence between beliefs and practices, it was found that there was a mainly direct correspondence between beliefs and practices. The study provides implications for teacher educators in running professional development courses that enhance teachers’ awareness of using translanguaging in their classes.
Hemangiomas infantiles: una revisión narrativa de los panoramas actuales
Authors: Saldarriaga-Muñoz Pedro Juan , Arciniegas-Grisales Valeria , Arango-Buitrago Carolina , Orozco-Jiménez Sara , Velásquez-Gómez Natalia
Published: October 2024

El siguiente artículo presenta una revisión narrativa de los hemangiomas infantiles, teniendo en cuenta que estos representan los tumores vasculares benignos más frecuentes en la población pediátrica y que deben diferenciarse de otras lesiones vasculares en esta edad como las malformaciones vasculares y los hemangiomas congénitos. Como tal, se hace un descripción detallada tanto de su epidemiología como de factores de riesgo, clasificación, presentación clínica, ayudas diagnósticas y medidas terapéuticas para este tipo de tumores.
En pediatría no todo patrón de manchas café con leche es neurofibromatosis, a propósito de un caso
Authors: Restrepo-Hincapié Andrea , Sequeda-Monterroza José , Pacheco-Paredes Camila , Ñañez-Quiroz Laura
Published: October 2024

Las rasopatías son trastornos genéticos que se caracterizan por una alteración en la vía de señalización RAS/MAPK; dicha disfunción da lugar a síndromes con manifestaciones clínicas superpuestas donde las maculas café con leche (CALM) son una manifestación común.(1)  El Síndrome de Legius anteriormente denominado síndrome similar a Neurofibromatosis Tipo 1 (NF1), se caracteriza por presencia de múltiples CALM con la diferencia de que los tumores cutáneos y del sistema nervioso central que se observan en la NF1 están ausentes.(2)  Los niños con formas esporádicas de CALM sin otras manifestaciones clínicas, requieren de un análisis molecular de los genes NF1 y SPRED 1 para diferenciar estas dos entidades.(3) Establecer un diagnóstico diferencial de las maculas café con leche constituye un desafío por lo que es importante indagar sobre los antecedentes familiares, realizar un examen físico detallado y solicitar las pruebas genéticas pertinentes.
Actualización del espectro clínico de la leishmaniasis cutánea en la población pediátrica: un abordaje práctico
Authors: Castillo Pinto Sergio , Falla Paola Estefania , Arenas Claudia Marcela
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad crónica infecciosa transmitida por vectores, y causada por más de 20 especies del género de Leishmaniasis que afectan la piel, las mucosas y las vísceras, con un espectro clínico muy variable en la población pediátrica. Es considerada una enfermedad endémica en varios países, dentro de ellos, Colombia. Se ha descrito la presentación de la leishmaniasis cutánea (LC) en esta población en diferentes estudios a nivel mundial, pero ninguno propone un abordaje práctico de estos en Colombia. 
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed MEDLINE de revisiones narrativas, reportes de caso, series de caso, revisiones sistemáticas y estudios de corte transversal que describieran los perfiles clínico-epidemiológicos de la leishmaniasis cutánea en la población pediátrica. 
Resultados: Se recopilaron 23 artículos de leishmaniasis cutánea en la población pediátrica y adolescente, en donde se evidenció que la edad más frecuente de presentación es entre los 6 a 13 años. La manifestación clínica más prevalente son nódulos ulcerados, seguidos de placas ulceradas de localización predominante en cara.  
Conclusiones: La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad que cada día es más frecuente en la población pediátrica y adolescente. Además, el espectro clínico de la enfermedad es muy amplio, lo cual dificulta su diagnóstico, de ahí la importancia de conocerlo para hacer un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento oportuno. Adicionalmente, no existen series de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de leishmaniasis cutánea en población pediátrica en nuestro país, lo que dificulta la caracterización clínica y epidemiológica en este grupo etario.
INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES IN RELATION TO CONDITIONALLY PATHOGENIC STRAINS
Authors: Plotnikova Y. , Barysheva E. , Baranova O. , Davydova O.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Flavonoids represent the largest group of natural molecules with antibacterial action, which can be explained by aggregation of bacterial cells and damage to the bacterial membrane. Modification of antimicrobial drugs with flavonoids may become a promising technique in the fight against antibiotic resistance, since the presence of complex structural complexes in the composition will help hide or reduce the recognition of antibac-terial substances by bacteria. The purpose of the work: To assess the change in morphometric parameters of bacterial cells of P. aeruginosa under the combined effect of anti-bacterial drugs and flavonoids of medicinal plant raw materials. Material and methods: The object of the study were strains of R. aeruginosa grown on meat-peptone agar, which were affected by complexes of flavonoids isolated from Dianthus and Folia eucalypti with antibacterial drugs fosfomycin and ceftazidime. Visualization of morphometric changes and physical characteristics of the object of study was carried out using AFM. Results. Analysis of the experimental data obtained indicates that combinations of flavonoids with ceftazidime significantly reduced bacterial cell length by 5.5% (p < 0.05) for Dianthus and by 13.02% (p < 0.001) for Folia eucalypti. The combination of these phenolic extracts of Dianthus and Folia eucalypti with fosfomycin was characterized by significantly significant increases in length by 28.86% (p≤0.001), a decrease in width by 11.03% (p≤0.01) and height by 55.91% (p≤0.001) in the case of Dianthus, and a decrease in length by 5.5% (p≤0.05) and a height of 55.38% (p≤0.001) for Folia eucalypti. Thus, significantly significant changes in the morphometry of the bacterial cell were observed for all samples in comparison with the control. Conclusions: The data obtained confirm changes in the cell membrane of cells caused by the action of inhibitory components. The binding of anti-bacterial complexes with phospholipid groups changes the charge distribution across the membrane, disrupts internal membrane processes, inhibits the work of PSB, which causes a violation of peptidoglycan synthesis, and ultimately leads to a change in cell morphology.
METHODS OF STERILIZATION OF MEDICAL POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE WITH ELASTOMERIC ADDITIVE
Authors: Povernov P. , Shibryaeva L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Polyhydroxybutyrate is a biodegradable and completely biocompatible component, and in combination with various modifying additives can be suitable for the manufacture of medical products used in surgical practice as bone implants or their parts. There implants have a number of advantages over traditional metal products, but for their integration into the body they require thorough sterilization cleaning, which in the case of poly-mer compositions has a number of limitations associated with the possible destruction of the material structure during various cleaning stages. Purpose of the study. Find optimal methods for sterilization and disinfection of materials based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and an elastomeric additive – butadiene-nitrile rubber (NBR-28). Material and methods. Two-component PHB-NBR compositions with PHB content from 30 to 90% were studied. Four methods of sterilization and disinfection were used: autoclaving, air sterilization, disinfection with chlorine solution and ethanol solution. Determined mechanical characteristics are strength and elongation of the material at break. Sterility control – by the method of washings with subsequent observation of the growth of bacteria and fungi in Sabouraud's medium and thioglycollate medium. Results. Sterilized and disinfected samples showed no microbial growth in both culture media. No change in mechanical characteristics was detected for samples subjected to solution cleaning methods. High temperature cleaning reduced the mechanical properties of samples by 20–80% depending on the sterilization mode. Conclusions. The data obtained show that for sterilization and disinfection of PCM based on the biodegradable polymer PHB, solution methods are suitable without restrictions and the autoclave sterilization method is suitable with minor restrictions, while air sterilization leads to the destruction of PCM. The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation (Research theme state registration number 122041300207-2).
THE RESEARCH OF THE PLANT-DERIVED MOLECULES REGULATORY EFFECTS REGARDING THE BACTERIAL BIOSENSORS WITH THE DIFFERENT “QUORUM SENSING” SYSTEMS OF THE LUXI/LUXR TYPE
Authors: Inchagova K. , Rusakova Е.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. «Quorum sensing» (QS) plays an important role in the pathogenic potential realization of many malignant bacteria, and therefore is a promising direction for the in-depth study. It could provide the basis for the antibacterial agents creation of new operating principles. The use of plant extracts and small molecules identified in them is the one option to inhibit «quorum sensing» system, but this approach has certain limitations. In addition, the use of a limited number of bacterial biosensors leaves questions related to extrapolate data on the whole system and needs more research. Aim. Comparison of the QS-inhibitory activity of plant-derived molecules against the «quorum sensing» LuxI/LuxR-type system of the violacein-producing strain Chromobacterium subtsugae 026, as well as a panel of bacterial lux-biosensors. Material and methods. The work used a library of chemically synthesized analogues of plant-derived molecules, represented by quercetin, cinnamic aldehyde, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hexylresorcinol and salicylic acid. The influence on the growing and the QS-inhibitory activity of the plant-derived molecules were evaluated using the serial dilution method. The QS-inhibitory effect of the studied compounds was determined according to the optical density measurement of the Chromobacterium subtsugae 026 strain extracted pigment and the measurement of bacterial lux-biosensors bioluminescence. Results. A panel of seven bacterial biosensors was used to screen the biological activity of quercetin, cinnamic aldehyde, 7-hyd-roxycoumarin, 4-hexylresorcinol and salicylic acid against four «quorum sensing» LuxI/LuxR-type systems. The unequal nature of the action of the studied compounds on the tested «quorum sensing» systems was demonstrated. It was found that the 4-hexylresorcinol QS-inhibitory action was most pronounced regarding Chromobacterium subtsugae 026, while the trans-cinnamaldehyde was more active regarding bacterial lux-biosensors. Conclusions. The presented work demonstrates the unequal nature of the action of the plant-derived molecules under study in relation to four differ-ent QS LuxI/LuxR-type systems. It has been suggested that this circumstance may be associated with a different mechanism of action of the studied substances on the bacterial cell. The results are of practical interest and require further study.
THE NOOTROPIC EFFECT OF A DIPEPTIDE MIMETIC OF NGF IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Volkova A. , Povarnina P. , Gudasheva T.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) deficiency in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well-known. The clinical application of full-size neurotrophin is limited due to its low bioavailability and the risk of adverse effects. At the V.V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, a dimeric di-peptide mimetic of the 4th loop of NGF, compound GK-2 (hexamethylenediamide bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-glutamyl-L-lysine), was created. It selectively activates specific TrkA receptors and possesses neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties. Additionally, GK-2 lacks the main side effects of NGF, namely hyperalgesia and weight loss. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of GK-2 on rat memory under the conditions of the scopolamine-induced model of AD. Material and Methods. Scopolamine was administered intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 2 mg/kg for 32 days. Simultaneously with scopolamine, animals were intraperitoneally injected with GK-2 at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. Following the administration of the compounds, a novel object recogni-tion test was conducted to assess both short-term and long-term memory. Results. Rats receiving scopolamine exhibited a statistically significant decline in long-term memory. The dipeptide GK-2 at a dose of 1 mg/kg com-pletely counteracted the development of this impairment. Conclusion. The dipeptide mimetic of nerve growth factor, GK-2, shows promise for further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
STUDY OF THE PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA ROOT EXTRACT UNDER CONDITIONS OF DAPSONE-INDUCED EXPOSURE
Authors: Genatullina G. , Tsibizova A. , Yasenyavskaya A.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone) is used as a powerful antibacterial agent in the treatment of infectious diseases. Despite the com-plex pharmacological effect and high efficacy, dapsone has a number of negative properties, one of which is the occurrence of severe neuropsychiatric pathology with long-term use in the presence of predisposing factors. In this connection, correction of dapsone-induced changes on the part of various systems, including the nervous system, is an urgent task. As a means of correcting dapsone-induced neuropsychiatric changes, an extract of licorice naked horses can act. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of licorice root extract on dapsone–induced changes in behavioral reactions and the severity of the psychomodulatory effect of licorice extract. Material and methods. All experiments were carried out on white mongrel rats (6-8 months), which were divided into groups (n= 10): group 1 con-sisted of control rats receiving an equiobject of water for injection; group 2 - individuals receiving intragastric dapsone (Novartis; Switzerland) at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 28 days; group 3 – animals receiving intragastric dapsone at a dose of 25 mg / kg and licorice extract naked through a probe at a dose of 50 mg / kg for 28 days. The effect of licorice root extract on the behavioral reactions of rats under the conditions of course use of dapsone was evaluated using the "Porsolt" and "Open Field" tests. Results. Against the background of intragastric administration of licorice root extract, there was a restoration of the ratio of immobilization time, active and passive swimming in the Porsolt test, an increase in horizontal and specific mink activity of animals, a decrease in the number of boluses, groom-ing and freezing in the "Open Field" test compared with the group of animals receiving intragastric dapsone. Conclusions. Evaluation of the effect of licorice root extract on dapsone-induced changes in behavioral reactions showed the presence of an antide-pressant and psychomodulatory effect in the extract, which can be used in the development of a psychocorrective agent based on this medicinal plant
CENAS E CENÁRIOS TEATRAIS NO ENSINO MÉDIO: fundamentos e experiências
Authors: Selistre Isabel Cristina Tedesco , Santo Théo Petró dos , Kaiser Klaus Saraiva , Pereira Gabriela Nunes , Bona Aline Silva De
Published: October 2024

O teatro, ao longo dos séculos, tem desempenhado um papel crucial na formação humana, servindo como uma ferramenta poderosa de expressão cultural e artística. No contexto educacional, o teatro ganha uma nova dimensão, sendo utilizado não apenas como uma forma de arte, mas também como um recurso para o desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes.
No Brasil, o teatro educativo tem ganhado reconhecimento como uma prática valiosa, especialmente após a formalização de diretrizes curriculares que destacam a importância das artes no desenvolvimento dos estudantes. A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC, 2018), um documento normativo que orienta os currículos da educação básica, destaca a relevância do teatro como uma das linguagens artísticas fundamentais para a formação do aluno. O teatro, conforme a BNCC, não apenas amplia o repertório cultural dos alunos, mas também desempenha um papel vital no desenvolvimento de competências essenciais, como a comunicação, a empatia e a cooperação.
No entanto, apesar do reconhecimento oficial, a implementação do teatro nas escolas ainda enfrenta desafios, especialmente no que se refere à formação de professores e à disponibilidade de recursos pedagógicos adequados.
O principal objetivo deste livro é fornecer uma visão abrangente dos fundamentos que sustentam a prática do teatro educativo, destacando suas possibilidades no ensino médio, além de documentar e compartilhar experiências em diversos contextos escolares, demonstrando como essa arte pode ser adaptada a diferentes realidades e necessidades educativas, mesmo diante de limitações de recursos e apoio.
CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE DOS CAMINHONEIROS: ANÁLISE DOS ÍNDICES DE HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL
Authors: Machado Keyla Liana Bezerra , Bonato Jonas Felipe , Corrêa Paulo Gomes do Nascimento , Oliveira Geverson Oliver de Assis , Nascimento João Ricardo Cavalcanti do , Batista Ana Paula Fernandes , Silva Livya Dy Paolla Sousa Paz , Andrade Nilma Amaral , Resende Luiza Ranyele Gonçalves , Miguez Bruno de Barros , Lima Gracenilde Rodrigues de Alcantara , Silva Lorena Rebouças da
Published: October 2024

No Brasil existe aproximadamente uma frota de 1,8 milhões de caminhoneiros. E por seu excesso de trabalho originam-se vários problemas de saúde, como a hipertensão arterial, que é a elevação da pressão exercida pelo sangue dentro dos vasos sanguíneos. Considera-se atualmente a hipertensão como um dos fatores que designa “doença das responsabilidades”, e sabe-se que grande maioria dos caminhoneiros tem dia e horário para entrega de suas cargas, portanto enfrentam uma rotina de trabalho na qual apresentam horários irregulares para descansar e alimentar-se corretamente. Então tornam-se uma clientela de difícil acesso para os profissionais da saúde. Tem como objetivo principal analisar as condições de saúde dos caminhoneiros, cuja metodologia consiste em uma pesquisa de campo descritiva com enfoque quantitativa no qual seus resultados servem de base para a realização da avaliação das condições de saúde dos caminhoneiros, que transitam pela BR-316 Maranhão, com aplicação de questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados ao qual obteve-se que dos 115 motoristas caminhoneiros entrevistados, 98% eram do sexo masculino, 29% com idade maior 41 anos, 44% fazem uso de medicamentos para alterar o sono, 61% se alimentam com comida enlatada, 84% só vão a Unidade Hospitalar quando estão doentes, 51% fez sua última consulta há alguns anos, 22% referiram praticar atividades físicas. Diante disto, conclui-se que 64% dos caminhoneiros não sofrem de hipertensão, mas a grande maioria está exposta a riscos que venham contribuir para que os mesmos adquiram a patologia

Palavras-chave: Saúde. Caminhoneiros. Hipertensão Arterial.
Investigating students’ arguments with real-life functional situations throughout a sequence of collaborative activities
Authors: Ayalon Michal , Wilkie Karina J. , Swaid Rina
Published: October 2024

Recent years have seen increasing interest in providing students with opportunities for developing important argumentation skills in the mathematics classroom. Social interactions with peers to critique alternative ideas, justify arguments, and build consensus, have been found to promote deep thinking and meaningful development of concepts. In this study we explored 9th-grade students’ interactions during a sequence of specifically designed argumentation tasks on real-life functional situations to investigate the appropriateness of their arguments. Data were collected from the students’ written task responses, student reflections, small-group observations, individual interviews with the group members, and teacher interviews. Analysis of the level of appropriateness of the students’ individual and group written responses in each activity focused on three aspects: identifying variables, forming relations between them, and noticing contextual features of the real-life situation. We found evidence of students grappling with selecting two suitable variables and with conceptualizing the nature of their relation. It also appeared that aspects of the students’ social interactions played a role in students ignoring correct arguments and accepting incorrect arguments. We discuss implications for small-group argumentation and suggest avenues for future research.
Spatial Changes of Driving Parameters Affecting Cyclonic Activity over the North Indian Ocean from 1960 to 2020
Authors: Sagar Akshay Kumar , Chakraborty Arun
Published: October 2024

This study undertakes a thorough analysis of the elements that influence the variability of tropical cyclones (TC) in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) from 1960 to 2020, with a specific focus on the periods before and after the monsoon season. The study utilizes historical satellite data to investigate the factors that impact the formation, strength, and trajectories of cyclones. The primary method for evaluating cyclone strength is by calculating the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE). The study observes a decreasing trend in ACE levels during 1991–2005, which started increasing just after from 2006 to 2020. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) has a more uniform distribution of ACE in comparison to the Arabian Sea (AS), with higher average values and more variability over the Main Development Region (MDR), which is the area where cyclone development occurs most frequently. Cyclones of greater intensity generally occur following the monsoon season. Examination of storm paths reveals that cyclones with greater intensity frequently hit the northeastern and southeastern coastal regions of India. The study emphasizes notable discrepancies in parameters within the MDR, which impact cyclone strength and ACE values throughout various periods.
Abschied ohne ein Wort
Authors: von Graszouw Andrea , Valldorf Jörn , Henkel-Algrang Antje
Published: October 2024

Menschen aus dem Leben streichen ohne ein Abschiedswort? Ghosting – der plötzliche Kontaktabbruch ohne Erklärung – ist ein zunehmendes Phänomen, scheint im Trend zu sein. Doch die Folgen sind tiefgreifend. Andrea von Graszouw, Expertin für Kommunikation und Beziehungen, erklärt die Gründe, warum es so häufig vorkommt, welche Auswirkungen es auf die Betroffenen hat und wann Ghosting sogar durchaus sinnvoll sein kann.
Ableismus ade: Inklusive Mediation für alle!
Authors: Gersdorff Anne
Published: October 2024

Bereit für eine Mediation ohne Ableismus? Eine inklusive Mediation kann Barrieren durchbrechen und Ableismus bekämpfen. Sie ist für jede Person zugänglich und lässt Ableismus keine Chance. Denn Chancengleichheit und eine faire Konfliktlösung für alle können nur dann hergestellt werden, wenn man eigene Vorurteile gegenüber Menschen mit Behinderungen überwindet.
Die neue Qualitätssicherung auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Volz Matthias , Benecke Cord
Published: October 2024

Qualitätssicherung (QS) in der ambulanten Psychotherapie befindet sich im Umbruch. Nach der Beauftragung des IQTIG durch den G-BA im Mai 2018, und der Veröffentlichung der geplanten Items für Patient:innen und Leistungserbringende, soll das IQTIG System nun in einem sechsjährigen Modellversuch in Nordrhein-Westfalen erprobt werden. Unklar ist bislang, wie dieser Modellversuch evaluiert werden soll. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden u. a. zentrale Vorgaben vorgestellt, die für die Erstellung aller bereits bestehenden datengestützten QS-Systeme gesetzlich bindend, und auch für das IQTIG bei der Entwicklung des QS-System für die ambulante Psychotherapie handlungsleitend waren. Wir argumentieren, dass relevante Vorgaben bezüglich (1) der Validität der neu erstellten Items, (2) der Vergleichbarkeit der erhobenen Daten zwischen Leistungserbringenden sowie (3) der Nützlichkeit des Feedbacks bislang unzureichend empirisch geprüft wurden, und deshalb zentraler Bestandteil einer empirischen Evaluation des geplanten Modellversuchs sein sollten. Im vorgestellten QVA-/QSP Projekt wurden alle Items des IQTIG-Systems im Original direkt nach ihrer Veröffentlichung in die Erhebungen integriert und seitdem miterhoben. Mithilfe der vom IQTIG veröffentlichten Berechnungsmethodik können die Qualitätsindizes repliziert, und mithilfe der im Projekt vorhanden Daten empirisch geprüft werden.
Ist Entwicklung im Therapieprozess qualifiziert messbar?
Authors: Hoy Veit-Uwe
Published: October 2024

Therapie ohne Diagnostik – Diagnostik ohne Therapie? Mit gründlicher Recherche pathogenetisch relevanter Variablen sammeln sich rasch große Mengen von Daten an; will man deren Veränderung auf therapeutisches Bemühen sehen, vervielfachen sie sich entsprechend der Messzeitpunkte. Unter den Zielen, Diagnostik und Therapie effizienter zu machen sowie Tiefe und Breite der Psychologie voll auszuschöpfen, wird eine Optimierung des Verhaltensdiagnostiksystems unter dem Titel »Inventar diagnostisch-therapeutisch« vorgestellt. Informationen zu Symptomatik, deren Pathogenese und daraus abgeleiteter Intervention werden in einer Datenbank integriert, woraus diverse Erleichterungen für die Praxis resultieren.
A Neural Network Approach to Forest Fire Burned Area Prediction
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Murshed Dokhan Sabri Nasser Hussein , Mohammed Ahmed Saif Mohammed Fuad ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Worldwide ecosystems and economies are seriously threatened by forest fires, which can result in extensive damage and financial losses. Strategies for managing and preventing wildfires depend heavily on the accurate prediction of burned areas. To create a predictive model for the burned areas caused by forest fires in Portugal's northeast, this study uses a machine learning technique, namely Neural Network. The model integrates meteorological and spatial-temporal data and makes use of regression algorithms. To maximize the performance of the model, data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis, model building, feature selection, and assessment are done. The results show that burned area is greatly influenced by meteorological factors, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The created model shows a respectable level of prediction accuracy of 97.11%, offering insightful information for efficient fire management and early warning systems. The potential for reducing the destructive effects of wildfires is enormous when machine learning is incorporated into the prediction of forest fires.
Metabolismo de 17,17-[²H₂]giberelina A₂₀ a 17,17-[²H₂]giberelina A₁ por cultivos de Azospirillum tipoferum
Authors: Piccoli Patricia , Bottini Rubén
Published: October 2024

Se comprobó, mediante análisis por cromatografía gaseosa capilar-espectrometría de masa con monitoreo selectivo de iones, que cultivos en medio químicamente definido de Azospirillum lipoferum cepa Al op33 metabolizaron [³H]-GA₂₀ a 17,17-[²H₂]GA₁.
Fósforo extractable en un suelo Haplustol éntico del área semiárida central de Córdoba, Argentina. Comparación de dos métodos de evaluación
Authors: Bachmeier O. A. , Rollán A. A.
Published: October 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue seleccionar el extractante químico que mejor caracterice el tenor de fósforo disponible en un suelo del área central de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Además, se evaluó la relación existente entre fósforo extractable y pH, materia orgánica y profundidad de muestreo, así como la influencia del sistema de labranza sobre los resultados analíticos. Se tomaron muestras de un suelo Haplustol éntico, Serie Oncativo, ubicado en la E.E.A. INTA Manfredi, correspondiente a un lote afectado a un ensayo de labranza en combinación con rotación de cultivos. Las muestras fueron extraídas de tres profundidades: 0-5, 5-20 y 20-40 cm. Para la cuantificación del fósforo extractable se utilizaron el método de Olsen (P-Olsen)y el de Bray y Kurtz N° 1 (P-Bray),realizándose paralelamente determinaciones de pH por potenciometría y materia orgánica por el método de Walkley y Black para el total de muestras. Los métodos de Olsen y Bray y Kurtz N° 1 son adecuados para evaluar los niveles de P-extractable en los suelos Haplustoles énticos del área central de la provincia de Córdoba. Sin embargo, debido a su mayor repetibilidad y sensibilidad analítica,el método de Bray y Kurtz N° 1 es más apto para ese fin.
Modernization of the Financial Market in Uzbekistan and Its Development Prospects
Authors: Kizi Khotamkulova Madina Sanjar
Published: October 2024

This study examines the modernization of Uzbekistan's financial market, focusing on key gaps in securities trading and the role of investment intermediaries. Despite recent reforms, issues remain in market stability and foreign investment attraction. Addressing this, the research analyzes transaction volumes and sectoral performance on the "Tashkent" Republican Stock Exchange during the first half of 2024, combining quantitative data analysis and a literature review. Results show increased banking sector transactions but a decline in overall trading volume. The study emphasizes the need for further reforms, incorporating international best practices to enhance market development and support Uzbekistan's economic growth.
Semantic segmentation of archaeological features on public lands – Case study of historical cotton terraces within the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, GA, USA
Authors: Gravel-Miguel Claudine , Snitker Grant , Hirniak Jayde , Peck Katherine , Fetterhoff Alexis
Published: October 2024

The logistics, costs, and capacity needed to complete extensive archaeological pedestrian surveys to inventory cultural resources present challenges to land managers. To address these issues, we developed a workflow combining LiDAR-derived imagery and Deep Learning models tailored for Cultural Resource Management (CRM) programs on public lands. This workflow combines Python scripts that easily fine-tune models to recognize archaeological features in LiDAR-derived imagery with denoising QGIS steps that improve the predictions' performance and applicability. We present this workflow through an applied case study focused on detecting historic agricultural terraces in the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia, USA. We fine-tune pre-trained U-Net models to teach them to recognize agricultural terraces in LiDAR-derived imagery. We test different parameter setting combinations, identify the settings that lead to the highest recall for detecting terraces, and use those settings to train models on incremental dataset sizes to identify the minimum training size necessary to obtain satisfying models. Results present very effective models even when trained on small datasets. This study provides a robust methodology that is sensitive enough to detect most terraces. It also expands Deep Learning applications in federal CRM by advancing methods in LiDAR and machine learning for archeological inventorying, monitoring, and preservation.
The Augmentation of Large Language Models with Random Conceptual Augmentation: An Empirical Investigation Using Open-Source LLMs
Authors: Miana Simon , Ivanov Raphael , Gallagher Elizabeth , Patterson Katherine , Bennett Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, neural architectures have become increasingly central to the progression of language-based AI systems, offering unprecedented advancements in linguistic comprehension and generation. However, despite their impressive achievements, enhancing model generalization and adaptability to novel linguistic contexts continues to present challenges, particularly in tasks requiring deeper contextual understanding. A novel augmentation technique is introduced, termed random conceptual augmentation, which aims to expose the model to unpredictable yet contextually valid input variations, thereby broadening its conceptual grasp without relying on predefined rules or human intervention. Through a series of experiments on an open-source language model, the proposed technique demonstrates significant improvements across various NLP tasks, including text classification, sentiment analysis, and language modeling, while retaining coherence in structured tasks like machine translation. The findings suggest that random augmentation effectively increases linguistic adaptability and model robustness, offering a scalable, non-expert-driven solution to enhance contextual performance in complex language environments.
Ethical Issues in Patient Partnership in Psychology and Health Research
Authors: birnie kathryn , Marbil Mica , MacKenzie Nicole , Neville Alexandra , Richards Dawn P. , Jordan Isabel , Mohabir Vina , Chambers Christine T. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas
Published: October 2024

Patient partnership (also called patient and public involvement, citizen or community engagement, community-based participatory research, etc.) is the meaningful and active engagement of diverse individuals with personal experience of a health issue and informal caregivers, including family and friends, on research teams. Patient partnership has rapidly become the norm for psychological and health research in Canada. While patient partnership can significantly benefit patient partners, researchers, and the research itself, it remains a relatively new practice and can be harmful when undertaken poorly. Notably, the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists, Fourth Edition (the ‘Code’) was developed largely before widespread patient partnership practice and neglects to name or define “patient partners” as a group. While we purport that patient partnership is an ethical imperative for psychologists, the role of patient partners must be distinguished from others with whom psychologists and researchers interact (e.g., research participants, clients, employees, trainees, volunteers, clinical advisors). Our main purpose is to discuss key ethical standards from the Code pertinent to patient partnership including informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, fair treatment, general caring, competence and self-knowledge, risk, harms, and benefits, objectivity, straightforwardness, and openness, conflict of interest, and extended responsibility. We also provide guidance regarding challenges to ethical practice in patient partnership, specifically risks posed by “patient partners” as an unnamed group in the Code, issues of power and vulnerability, challenges of multiple roles of patient partners, considerations of equity, diversity, inclusion and the need for an intersectional trauma-informed approach, and guidance for building an evidence base.
Measures of deep-time terrestrial net ecosystem productivity and carbon sink function
Authors: Mays Chris , Tyson Richard , Hren Michael
Published: October 2024

Indicators of past biological productivity, or ‘palaeoproductivity proxies’, offer ways to indirectly measure Earth’s deep-time ecosystem and carbon cycle functioning. Given that plants have been the principal primary producers on land for hundreds of millions of years, the abundances of fossil plants in the rock record can indicate past changes in net terrestrial ecosystem productivity (NTEP). This is the net carbon uptake or release by a terrestrial ecosystem, and a measure of whether the ecosystem is a carbon sink or source. When applied on a global scale, NTEP represents a major component of Earth’s carbon cycle. Moreover, since plants are particularly sensitive to rapid climatic events, measuring NTEP with fossil plants should indicate how land carbon sinks are impacted by these climatic changes. Herein, we compare and contrast two proxies of NTEP changes in deep time: terrestrial organic microfossil concentrations (ct) and terrestrial organic carbon (TrOC). However, the preservation pathways of terrestrial organic microfossils (hence, ct and TrOC) are complex and poorly understood. In this review, we have: 1, summarized the factors that influence the preservation of land-derived organic carbon in the fossil record; 2, adapted and applied a framework of modern net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to prehistoric settings by incorporating post-burial effects; and 3, explored the conditions under which ct and TrOC may provide valid estimates of relative changes in prehistoric NTEP. Lastly, we produce a roadmap towards refined proxy of deep-time NTEP, which would constrain biogeochemical models since the emergence of large land plants >360 million years ago.
Smart Grid Voltage Protection Using Digital Meters
Authors: Baig Talha Imtiaz , Iqbal Ahsan
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an innovative method for protecting electrical systems from overvoltage and undervoltage faults using a digital meter, Arduino modules, and wireless communication. The system detects voltage variations on a 220V AC single-phase line, cutting off the power supply if the voltage exceeds 250V or drops below 180V. Wireless communication is achieved using the nRF24L01 module to transmit real-time data to a host computer, while a memory card attached to the digital meters stores second-by-second voltage readings. Renewable energy sources are integrated for fault recovery. The microprocessor analyzes the data and restores the main power supply once voltage conditions stabilize. This research highlights the potential for combining fault protection, renewable energy utilization, and wireless communication to enhance electrical grid reliability and efficiency.
High-status peers shape prosocial behavior in adolescents’ social networks
Authors: Gradassi Andrea , Slagter Scarlett , Molleman Lucas , van den Bos Wouter
Published: October 2024

Adolescence is a formative period in which individuals become more aware of societal needs. To solve global collective challenges, it is critical to encourage prosociality in this developmental phase. School peers play a large role in acquiring prosocial norms and behaviors, yet their influence is rarely investigated experimentally. To understand if peer influence can be harnessed to promote prosociality, we set out to identify the most influential individuals within adolescents’ classroom social networks. In a pre-registered field experiment, we tested whether 456 adolescents aged 11 to 19, conformed more often to high- or low-status peers from their social network. Participants played an incentivized donation game where they could donate money to several charities or keep it to themselves. They could revise their decision upon observing the real choice of a known peer from their classroom. By manipulating the status of the observed sources, we show that high-status peers are consistently the most influential across all age groups, while overall peer influence declines with age. Based on the social networks and conformity rates measured in the experiment, we simulated social contagion interventions to identify conditions that maximize the diffusion of prosocial behaviors. Simulation results show that picking central individuals as “influencers”, increases intervention effectiveness. Our study suggests that high-status adolescents can be agents of prosocial change, thanks to their influence and visibility within social networks.
Self-evolution Theory
Authors: HuaZQi
Published: October 2024

Self-evolution theory discusses how natural selection and avoiding disadvantages promote the evolution of adaptive and negative feedback structure, and make the entity structure gradually complicated to simulate and cope with natural changes. This process involves the modeling and transformation of the entity itself and the environment, as well as the promotion of the adaptive level and knowledge dimension. The self-evolution process is based on the interaction between entity and ontology, from the basic physical structure to the complex biological and intelligent structure, and each stage has its own specific adaptation and evolution mechanism.Keywords: evolution; Natural selection; Adaptive structure; Conscious intelligence model
Understanding Speech in ''Noise'' or Free Energy Minimization in the Soundscapes of the Anthropocene
Authors: Strauss Daniel J. , Francis Alexander L. , Schäfer Zeinab , Latzel Matthias , Corona-Strauss Farah I. , Launer Stefan
Published: October 2024

Listening to speech in the presence of irrelevant sounds is ubiquitous in the modern world, but is generally acknowledged to be both effortful and unpleasant. Here we argue that this problem arises largely in circumstances that our human auditory system has not evolved to accommodate. The soundscapes of the Anthropocene are frequently characterized by an overabundance of sound sources, the vast majority of which are functionally irrelevant to a given listener. The problem of listening to speech in such environments must be solved by an auditory system that is not optimized for this task. So what does it mean to ''restore'' hearing for people with hearing loss? How might evolution optimize the sense of hearing for our world today? Building on our previous work on the two-competitor model and incorporating an active inference approach using free energy minimization, we argue that the answers to these question have implications not just for the study of human audition, but also for the development and broad awareness of hearing aids and cochlear implants, as well other auditory technologies such as ear buds, immersive auditory environments, and systems for human-machine interaction.
“My code is shit”: Negative automatic thoughts and outcomes of a behavioral experiment for code review anxiety
Authors: Lee Carol S , Hicks Catherine M. , Foster-Marks Kristen L.
Published: October 2024

Code review anxiety is a common experience that interrupts important processes in software development, including improving code quality, social learning, and creative problem-solving. However, research has not yet examined intervention strategies for mitigating code review anxiety during a real-world code review. The present study thus developed and assessed the effectiveness of a guided behavioral experiment toolkit to be used during code reviews. The findings indicated that the toolkit reduced code review anxiety and decreased the believability of negative automatic thoughts (NATs). A qualitative analysis also indicated that participants were most likely to engage in the thinking trap of catastrophizing, and that they most frequently challenged their NATs by boosting their self-efficacy.
Ambivalent Adultism: Theorizing Hostile and Benevolent Adultism as Barriers to Intergenerational Climate Justice
Authors: Trott Carlie
Published: October 2024

Advancing intergenerational solidarities for climate justice requires challenging adultism in all its forms. Drawing on feminist theorizing, this chapter introduces ambivalent adultism, a multidimensional construct encompassing two mutually reinforcing forms of adultism. Hostile adultism assumes young people’s inferiority and incompetence in all matters relative to adults and is primarily associated with adults’ urge to control young people. Benevolent adultism emphasizes young people’s innocence, vulnerability, and dependence on adults and is primarily associated with adults’ urge to protect young people from harm. Nevertheless, adultist ideas—both hostile and benevolent—operate together to justify young people’s societal subordination and impede intergenerational climate justice.
Youth adversity and adolescent mental health: the role of parental and peer support at the intersection of gender, socio-economic status, and ethnicity
Authors: Havers Laura
Published: October 2024

Background: Disadvantaged and minoritized young people experience the highest rates of youth adversity and mental health problems. The detrimental effects of youth adversity on mental health are often buffered by social support, but whether this depends on the intersection of multiple characteristics is unknown.Methods: Analysis of cross-sectional self-reported data for 5,662 11-13-year-olds from the Determinants of Adolescent Social well-being and Health [DASH] study. Indirect effects of youth adversity on depression/anxiety via parental and peer support were estimated in a structural equation model, for 16 intersectionality profiles (based on gender, socio-economic status [SES], and ethnicity). Moderation attributable to these characteristics and their intersections was estimated.Results: Youth adversity had a detrimental impact on depression/anxiety across all intersectionality profiles (b=0.08-0.36, p=0.02). Parental and peer support did not mediate the effect of youth adversity on depression/anxiety broadly across profiles. However, a weak indirect effect of parental nurturing was observed for the Lower SES South Asian Female profile (θ=0.12 [<0.01, 0.26]). Conclusions: The harmful effects of youth adversity on adolescent mental health pervade across different societal intersections. Future research should refine the methods needed to investigate the mechanisms including structural conditions through which youth adversity operates, to inform the design of effective interventions.
The longitudinal effects of exogenous pressures on belief in God in young Americans
Authors: Lang Martin , Palisek Petr , Chvaja Radim
Published: October 2024

The prevalence of religious beliefs and practices is puzzling from evolutionary viewpoint, but previous research suggested that religious traditions provide health and cooperative benefits. Seemingly in contrast with this claim are worldwide secularization trends where people disaffiliate from religions and belief in god(s). Previous theories suggested that diminished exogenous pressures no longer motivate individuals to seek religious benefits and pay the participation costs. We investigate this causal claim using National Study of Youth and Religion dataset, which tracks the development of religiosity among US Christians from adolescence to young adulthood (n = 3 370). Using a general lagged panel methodology, we found that material security in Wave 1 (early adolescence) predicts higher probability of decrease in belief in God in Wave 4 (young adulthood). This result provides support for the hypothesis that participation in religious traditions is associated with living in insecure socio-ecology, where the systems may still confer benefits onto their members. We also examined specific exogenous pressures related to health and trust, but these additional analyses revealed mixed results. We conclude with a call for further research using more nuanced measures and larger sample sizes that may provide further insights into the adaptive nature of cultural systems.