bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Montevideo Crisscrossed. Two Novels by Mario Benedetti: The Truce and Thanks for the Fire
Authors: Serrano Pedro
Published: December 2021

This essay is a rereading of two novels by Mario Benedetti published first in Montevideo in the 1960’s and subsequently in Mexico around the 1970’s, receiving changing receptions over the years. Both have Montevideo as their setting, but the topographical perspectives and writing strategies are different. It traces the networks of writers, publishers and readers in Latin America developed during the 20th century and their obliteration by the military regimes in the 1970’s. Reviewing the fluctuating moods in Benedetti’s later reception, this essay compares opposite sets of aesthetic values developed during the second half of the last century, which are taken for granted even today, studying their initial hypotheses and showing how literary works are distorted by prejudiced sets of critical perspectives that pigeonhole works and authors in boxes established in advance.
The Vulture of History in The Kingdom of This World by Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Valerio-Holguín Fernando
Published: December 2021

In thesis IX of the Theses on the Philosophy of History, Walter Benjamin indicates, from the painting “Angelus Novus” by Paul Klee, that the Angel of History has his face turned back, contemplating a catastrophe. He wants to stay, but the great wind of progress is pushing him forward into the future, leaving rubble on its pass. The new historical novel The Kingdom of this World by Alejo Carpentier narrates the long and tortuous process of the Haitian Revolution and beyond. At the end of the novel, there is a great green wind that sweeps across the Northern Plain and the ruins of the old sugar mill. In Carpentier's novel, there is a “wet vulture”, which I will call the Vulture of History, which is thrown over Bois Caïman, the sacred space where the revolution originated. My purpose in this essay is to explore the Vulture of History as a baroque allegory of the Haitian Revolution. Unlike the angel from Benjamin's thesis, who wants to go back to the past to reconstruct history, Carpentier's vulture is an angel of death who feeds on the detritus of history.
Perbandingan Kualitas Air Mata Antara Pengguna Dan Non Pengguna Lensa Kontak
Authors: Witjaksono Arief , Khairunnisa Ranie
Published: December 2021

Penggunaan lensa kontak dapat menyebabkan mata kering, hal itu disebabkan oleh iritasi mekanik terhadap kelenjar meibomian. Kelenjar meibomian menghasilkan lapisan lemak yang berfungsi menghambat penguapan lapisan air mata. Gangguan fungsi kelenjar meibomian menyebabkan lapisan air mata cepat menguap. Lensa kontak juga menurunkan sensitivitas permukaan mata sehingga refleks produksi lapisan air mata menurun. Peningkatan penguapan disertai penurunan produksi lapisan air mata menyebabkan sebagian besar pengguna lensa kontak mengalami mata kering. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu Untuk mengetahui Perbedaan Kualitas Air Mata Antara Pengguna Dan Non Pengguna Lensa Kontak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan desain case control dengan teknik observasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan tes schirmer dan lembar observasional. Hasil penelitian yang di dapat bahwa dari 20 orang pengguna aktif lensa kontak sebanyak 14 (70,0%) orang mengalami mata kering dan dari 20 orang non pengguna lensa kontak sebanyak 3 (15,0%) orang mengalami mata kering. Secara statistik Uji-T Independen r = 0.00 < 0.005 terdapat perbedaan antara kuantitas air mata pengguna dan non pengguna lensa kontak. Disarankan agar memperhatikan penggunaan lensa kontak pada lama pemakaian, masa pemakaian serta lubrikan pada lensa kontak agar tidak menimbulkan komplikasi pemakaian lensa kontak dan mata kering.
Perbandingan Hasil Refraksi Subjektif pada Jarak 6 Meter dan 4 Meter Menggunakan Slide Projector
Authors: Nugroho Anggit , Farens Ferdinandus Avita
Published: December 2021

Pemeriksaan refraksi didentifikasikan sebagai pengukuran terhadap gangguan refraksi. Pemeriksaan refraksi dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu pemeriksaan refraksi objektif dan subjektif. Pemeriksaan refraksi subjektif merupakan pemeriksaan yang bergantung pada kerjasama pasien dalam menilai perbaikan refraksi selama pemeriksaan. Pemeriksaan refraksi subjektif jarak jauh pada umumnya menggunakan snellen chart dengan jarak 6 meter. Pada kunjungan penulis, ditemukan tempat pemeriksaan yang kurang dari 4 meter menggunakan snellen chart. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini penulis bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil refraksi subjektif pada 6 meter dan 4 meter dengan metode yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara hasil refraksi subjektif pada jarak 6 meter dan 4 meter sebanyak 97 mata dari 104 mata yang diteliti.
Dampak Psikologis Ibu Hamil pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 (Literature Review)
Authors: Zahria Arisanti Atika
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang : Pandemi COVID-19 semakin menyebar keseluruh dunia sehingga banyak menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Pada ibu hamil yang merupakan subjek rentan sangat berisiko terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin apabila terapapar. Ketakutan akan memeriksakan kehamilannya ke fasilitas kesehatan menyebabkan ibu merasa cemas akan kondisi janinnya serta kurangnya dukungan emisional dari keluarga selama masa social distancing.Tujuan : Untuk menelaah masalah psikologis ibu hamil selama masa pasndemi COVID-19 serta dampaknya bagi ibu hamil. Metode : metode dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah tinjauan literature yang terdapat dalam database jurnal kesehatan yaitu Lancet, Pubmed, Science Direct. Artikel yang terpilih berdasarkan full text, open acces, berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia dan terbit tahun 2020. Hasil : Hasil studi literature melalui database  dalam jurnal kesehatan menemukan sejumlah 26 Artikel di Lancet Global Health, 66 artikel di Pubmed, 5 artikel di Tandfonline, 10 artikel di Science Direct, dan 21 artikel di Google Schoolar. Selama periode kehamilan terjadi perubahan psikologis pada ibu hamil yang dapat meningkatkan kecemasan, stress bahkan sampai depresi dan trauma. Efek negative dari adanya gangguan psikologi pada ibu hamil dapat berakibat pada kesejahteraan janin yaitu pertumbuhan janin terhambat dan kelahiran premature.Kesimpulan : ibu hamil merupakan kelompok factor risiko tinggi yang rentan terhadap suatu masalag atau gangguan kesehatan salah satunya kesehatan mental. Faktor yang menyebabkan ibu hamil cemas selama masa pandemic antara lain : akses ke pelayanan kesehatan, ketakutan akan risiko terpapar virus, serta tidak ada dukungan emosional dari keluarga.
Hubungan Kejadian Miopia Dengan Status Refraksi Orang Tua
Authors: Utami Helisarah Desi , Ayuni Pindi
Published: December 2021

Kelainan refraksi merupakan gangguan mata yang sering terjadi pada seseorang. Di Indonesia, Prevalensi kelainan refraksi menempati urutan pertama pada penyakit mata dan ditemukan jumlah penduduk kelainan refraksi hampir 25% populasi penduduk atau sekitar 55 juta jiwa. Penyebab kelainan refraksi miopia adalah multifaktorial, dapat terjadi dan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas dekat dengan atau tanpa layar, aktivitas diluar ruangan, riwayat genetik, dan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu literature review, bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor keturunan  dengan kejadian miopia, dengan melakukan proses analisisLiteratur sejumlah 5 jurnal.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap  faktor genetik yang mempengaruhi kejadian miopia. Meskipun ada perbedaan pada objek penelitian tetapi tidak mengurangi kesimpulan bahwa gen adalahfaktor yang kuat terhadap timbulnya miopia pada anak. Faktor genetik/herediter sangat erat sekali hubungannya terhadap kejadian miopia.
THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF PROACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, COHESION, AND LEARNING GOAL ORIENTATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Layaman Layaman , Harahap Pahlawansjah , Djastuti Indi , Jaelani Aan , Djuwita Diana
Published: December 2021

The background of this study is based on the controversial relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Empirical and theoretical models resolve the controversy by building a new concept based on proactive knowledge sharing. The study established the influence of transformational leadership, cohesion and learning goal orientation on proactive knowledge sharing and employee performance. A total of 7 hypotheses were developed to solve the study problem, while purposive sampling was used in data collection. The respondents consisted of 6 employees of Sharia Banking in Indonesia. The SEM results indicate that five hypotheses were significant, while 2 were insignificant. Furthermore, proactive knowledge sharing strongly mediates the relationship between the studied variables. These results confirm the withdrawal of the new concept in improving employee performance.
Modeling the Hα Emission Surrounding Spica Using the Lyman Continuum from a Gravity-darkened Central Star
Authors: Aufdenberg Jason P. , Hammill Joseph M.
Published: December 2021

The large, faint Hα emission surrounding the early B-star binary Spica has been used to constrain the total hydrogen recombination rate of the nebula and indirectly probe the Lyman continuum luminosity of the primary star. Early analysis suggested that a stellar atmosphere model, consistent with Spica A’s spectral type, has a Lyman continuum luminosity about two times lower than required to account for the measured Hα surface brightness within the nebula. To more consistently model both the stellar and nebular emission, we have used a model atmosphere for Spica A that includes the effects of gravity darkening as input to photoionization models to produce synthetic Hα surface brightness distributions for comparison to data from the Southern Hα Sky Survey Atlas. This paper presents a method for the computation of projected surface brightness profiles from 1D volume emissivity models and constrains both stellar and nebular parameters. A mean effective temperature for Spica A of ≃24,800 K is sufficient to match both the observed absolute spectrophotometry, from the far-UV to the near-IR, and radial Hα surface brightness distributions. Model hydrogen densities increase with the distance from the star, more steeply and linearly toward the southeast. The northwest matter-bounded portion of the nebula is predicted to leak ∼17% of Lyman continuum photons. Model H ii region column densities are consistent with archival observations along the line of sight.
An IFU View of the Active Galactic Nuclei in MaNGA Galaxy Pairs
Authors: Jin Gaoxiang , Dai Y. Sophia , Pan Hsi-An , Lin Lihwai , Li Cheng , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Shen Shiyin , Yuan Fang-Ting , Feng Shuai , Cheng Cheng , Xu Hai , Huang Jia-Sheng , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2021

The role of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) during galaxy interactions and how they influence the star formation in the system are still under debate. We use a sample of 1156 galaxies in galaxy pairs or mergers (hereafter “pairs”) from the MaNGA survey. This pair sample is selected by the velocity offset, projected separation, and morphology, and is further classified into four cases along the merger sequence based on morphological signatures. We then identify a total of 61 (5.5%) AGNs in pairs based on the emission-line diagnostics. No evolution of the AGN fraction is found, either along the merger sequence or compared to isolated galaxies (5.0%). We observe a higher fraction of passive galaxies in galaxy pairs, especially in the pre-merging cases, and associate the higher fraction to their environmental dependence. The isolated AGN and AGNs in pairs show similar distributions in their global stellar mass, star-formation rate (SFR), and central [O iii] surface brightness. AGNs in pairs show radial profiles of increasing specific SFR and declining Dn4000 from center to outskirts, and no significant difference from the isolated AGNs. This is clearly different from star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in our pair sample, which show enhanced central star formation, as reported before. AGNs in pairs have lower Balmer decrements at outer regions, possibly indicating less dust attenuation. Our findings suggest that AGNs are likely follow an inside-out quenching and the merger impact on the star formation in AGNs is less prominent than in SFGs.
Big Three Dragons: A [N ii] 122 μm Constraint and New Dust-continuum Detection of a z = 7.15 Bright Lyman-break Galaxy with ALMA
Authors: Sugahara Yuma , Inoue Akio K. , Hashimoto Takuya , Yamanaka Satoshi , Fujimoto Seiji , Tamura Yoichi , Matsuo Hiroshi , Binggeli Christian , Zackrisson Erik
Published: December 2021

We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 7 observational results of a Lyman-break galaxy at z = 7.15, B14-65666 (“Big Three Dragons”), which is an object detected in [O iii] 88 μm, [C ii] 158 μm, and dust continuum emission during the epoch of reionization. Our targets are the [N ii] 122 μm fine-structure emission line and the underlying 120 μm dust continuum. The dust continuum is detected with a ∼19σ significance. From far-infrared spectral energy distribution sampled at 90, 120, and 160 μm, we obtain a best-fit dust temperature of 40 K (79 K) and an infrared luminosity of

log

10

(

L

IR

/

L

⊙

)
=
11.6

(12.1) at the emissivity index β = 2.0 (1.0). The [N ii] 122 μm line is not detected. The 3σ upper limit of the [N ii] luminosity is 8.1 × 107
L
⊙. From the [N ii], [O iii], and [C ii] line luminosities, we use the Cloudy photoionization code to estimate nebular parameters as functions of metallicity. If the metallicity of the galaxy is high (Z > 0.4 Z
⊙), the ionization parameter and hydrogen density are

log

10

U
≃
−
2.7
±
0.1

and n
H ≃ 50–250 cm−3, respectively, which are comparable to those measured in low-redshift galaxies. The nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio, N/O, is constrained to be subsolar. At Z < 0.4 Z
⊙, the allowed U drastically increases as the assumed metallicity decreases. For high ionization parameters, the N/O constraint becomes weak. Finally, our Cloudy models predict the location of B14-65666 on the BPT diagram, thereby allowing a comparison with low-redshift galaxies.
Elementary Composite Binary and Grain Alignment Locked in Dust Growth
Authors: Hu Z. W. , Winarski R. P.
Published: December 2021

Planets are known to grow out of a star-encircling disk of the gas and dust inherited from an interstellar cloud; their formation is thought to begin with coagulation of submicron dust grains into aggregates, the first foundational stage of planet formation. However, with nanoscale and submicron solids unobservable directly in the interstellar medium (ISM) and protoplanetary disks, how dust grains grow is unclear, as are the morphology and structure of interstellar grains and the whereabouts and form of “missing iron.” Here we show an elementary composite binary in 3D sub-10 nm detail—and the alignments of its two subunits and nanoinclusions and a population of elongated composite grains locked in a primitive cosmic dust particle—noninvasively uncovered with phase-contrast X-ray nanotomography. The binary comprises a pair of oblate, quasi-spheroidal grains whose alignment and shape meet the astrophysical constraints on polarizing interstellar grains. Each member of the pair contains a high-density core of octahedral nanocrystals whose twin relationship is consistent with the magnetite’s diagnostic property at low temperatures, with a mantle exhibiting nanoscale heterogeneities, rounded edges, and pitted surfaces. This elongated binary evidently formed from an axially aligned collision of the two similar composite grains whose core–mantle structure and density gradients are consistent with interstellar processes and astronomical evidence for differential depletion. Our findings suggest that the ISM is threaded with dust grains containing preferentially oriented iron-rich magnetic nanocrystals that hold answers to astronomical problems from dust evolution, grain alignment, and the structure of magnetic fields to planetesimal growth.
No Pulsar Companion Around the Nearest Low Mass White Dwarf
Authors: Athanasiadis Tilemachos M. , Porayko Nataliya K. , Antoniadis John , Champion David , Wucknitz Olaf , Ciardi Benedetta , Hoeft Matthias , Kramer Michael
Published: December 2021

2MASS J050051.85−093054.9 is the closest known low-mass helium-core white dwarf in a binary system. We used three high-band international Low-Frequency Array stations to perform a targeted search for a pulsar companion, reaching sensitivities of ∼3 mJy for a 10 ms pulsar at a DM = 1 pc cm−3. No pulsed signal was detected, confidently excluding the presence of a detectable radio pulsar in the system.
Clinical features and treatment outcomes of resected large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Moon Jin Young , Choi Seo Hee , Kim Tae Hyung , Lee Joongyo , Pyo Ji Hoon , Kim Yong Tae , Lee Seo Jin , Yoon Hong In , Cho Jaeho , Lee Chang Geol
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a high-grade lung neuroendocrine tumor with a poor prognosis, similar to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, it remains unclear whether to treat LCNEC as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or as SCLC. We reviewed our experiences to suggest appropriate treatment strategy for resected pulmonary LCNEC.Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients were treated for pathologically diagnosed pulmonary LCNEC during 2005‒2018. We considered curative surgery first in early-stage or some locally advanced tumors, unless medically inoperable. Adjuvant treatments were decided considering patient’s clinical and pathological features. After excluding two stage I tumors with radiotherapy alone and three stage III tumors with upfront chemotherapy, we analyzed 39 patients with stage I‒III pulmonary LCNEC, who underwent curative resection first. Results: Adjuvant chemotherapy (NSCLC-based 91%, SCLC-based 9%) was performed in 62%, and adjuvant radiotherapy was done in three patients for pN2 or positive margin. None received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). With a median follow-up of 30 months, the 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 68% and 51%, and the 2- and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 49% and 43%, respectively. Aged ≥67 years and SCLC-mixed pathology were significant poor prognostic factors for OS or RFS (p < 0.05). Among 17 recurrences, regional failures were most common (n = 6), and there were five brain metastases. Conclusions: Surgery and adjuvant treatment (without PCI) could achieve favorable outcomes in pulmonary LCNEC, which was more similar to NSCLC, although some factors worsened the prognosis. The importance of intensified adjuvant therapies with multidisciplinary approach remains high.
Review the Impact of Mandibular Setback Surgery for the Correction of Class III Malocclusion on the Upper Airway Space
Authors: Aljehani Dareen
Published: December 2021

AIM: This study aimed to review the scientific evidence related to the effect of mandibular setback surgery for the correction of Class III malocclusion on the changes in volume and anatomical structures’ positions of the upper airway within at least 1 year follow-up.

METHODS: An electronic research was conducted on PubMed, Google scholar, and Elsevier up to April 20, 2021, the inclusion criteria were prospective or retrospective studies aiming to compare the changes in upper airway space following isolated mandibular setback through at least 1 year of follow-up.

RESULTS: A total of 84 studies were retrieved, only 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. Their methods of measurement were using lateral cephalometry, CT, or Cone-beam computed tomography. Most of them showed narrowing in the Pharyngeal airway space, with some variability within the follow-up periods. Impact on the possibility of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was discussed in most of the included studies.

CONCLUSION: Narrowing of upper airway volume is associated with isolated mandibular setback surgeries within 1 year of follow-up. However, OSA was not necessarily a consequence. Any predisposing factors for OSA should be considered before isolated mandibular setback surgery.
The Domestic Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review
Authors: Rosida Luluk , Mutiara Putri Intan , Komarudin Komarudin , Fajarini Nurbita , Suryaningsih Endang Koni
Published: December 2021

Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic had brought unexpected challenges in all sectors of life, from the social, economic to health sectors, particularly public health. One of the most worrying effects of Covid-19 is the increase in cases of domestic violence.
Aim : This scoping review was to determine trends in domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic and strategies for handling it
 
Method The method used in this paper is the Scoping Review study. We searched for relevant articles on 4 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and EBSco), in English, published in 2019-2021. Of the 434 articles identified, there were 6 articles that met the inclusion criteria.
 
Result There were 6 themes we got related to domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely: 1) The number of cases of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic; 2) Risk factors for domestic violence; 3) Victims and perpetrators of domestic violence; 4) Types of domestic violence; 5) Impact of domestic violence; 6) Strategies for handling domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 
Conclusion The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on domestic violence cases, where the majority of victims were women and most of whom experienced recurrent domestic violence. The majority of the articles in this scoping review were quantitative research, we recommend that future research can be examined deeper into the understanding, experiences and needs of victims and perpetrators of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic including the roles of cross-sectors and obstacles experienced in handling domestic violence in the future. the covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study are expected to provide input in making policies related to the prevention and reduction of domestic violence cases during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Expression of Chromogranin A, Syanptophysin and Ki67 in Detecting Neuroendocrine Neoplasma at High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Deasy W. A. Gusti , Cangara M. Husni , Zainuddin Andi Alfian , Achmad Djumadi , Wahid Syarifuddin , Miskad Upik A.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) is an epithelial cell neoplasm that can give a histopathological appearance resembling high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical assays with specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A and synaptophysin are required to establish a definite diagnosis of NEN.

AIM: This study aimed to determine whether there was an expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 which indicated the presence of neuroendocrine neoplasms in samples that have been diagnosed as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study of the expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67 in paraffin blocks was carried out as a result of biopsy and tissue surgery of 70 samples of colorectal tumor specimens diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Descriptive analyses were used to assess the study results of the amount of chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and sample characteristics.

RESULTS: We discovered that eight (8) samples (11.4%) were NEN from 70 previously diagnosed samples as high-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical assay with neuroendocrine markers, namely chromogranin A and synaptophysin.

CONCLUSION: The final diagnosis obtained from 8 samples diagnosed as NEN were Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G1, G2, and G3, respectively 1.4% and LCNEC 7.1% based on the specific neuroendocrine markers of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and Ki67.
Study of Neuropeptide Substance P as A Marker of Pain in Newborn Infant
Authors: ELMeneza Safaa , ElBagoury Iman , Tawfik Enas , Tolba Amel
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Prolonged and repeated untreated pain in newborn infant may produce a relatively permanent adverse long-term sequela.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role for neuropeptides substance P (SP) as neurochemical pain marker in newborn infants in order to decrease unnecessary use of analgesics and protect the developing brain.

METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 60 newborn infants. They were assigned to four groups, control preterm, sick preterm, control full term, and sick full term. All neonates were subjected to estimation of pain through neonatal infants pain score (NIPS) as well as Neuropeptide SP on the 1st and 5th day of life. The NIPS addresses five behavioral parameters (facial expression, crying, arm movement, leg movement, and state arousal) and one physiological parameter (breathing pattern). Results were further evaluated according to nature of the procedures; invasive and non-invasive procedures.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the severity of pain score among the sick preterm and full-term infants after invasive procedures. There was a significant increase in SP in the sick preterm group than the control preterm on the 1st and 5th day of life; p were =0.003 and = 0.037, while full-term infants showed significant increase on the 5th day; p = 0.005. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in SP values between the preterm and full-term infants on the 1st and 5th day of life. SP increased significantly after invasive procedures than noninvasive procedures in the sick full-term and sick preterm infants weather in the 1st or 5th day of life. There was a significant correlation between the pain score NIPS and SP level on the 1st day of life.

CONCLUSION: SP can be used as pain marker in sick preterm and full-term newborn infants. It showed increase with invasive procedures, acute and chronic pain.
Tabanidae (Diptera) holotypes in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum collection: Part 1. Haematopota Meigen, 1803
Authors: Williams Kirstin A. , Snyman Louwrens Pieter
Published: December 2021

All primary (name-bearing) types of Haematopota Meigen, 1803, deposited in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum (NMSA) are documented - Haematopota anomala Travassos Dias, 1956 (Mpumalanga, South Africa); Haematopota diasi Travassos Dias, 1956 (Gauteng, South Africa); Haematopota megaera Usher, 1965 (Eastern Cape, South Africa); Haematopota mephista Usher, 1965 (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa); Haematopota montisdraconis Usher, 1965 (Eastern Cape, South Africa); Haematopota ovazzai Travassos Dias, 1956 (Eastern Cape, South Africa); Haematopota quathlambia Usher, 1965 (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa); Haematopota spectabilis Oldroyd, 1952 (Northern Cape, South Africa); Haematopota tropai Travassos Dias, 1956 (Reunion). The reference to the original publication, including the original name, the type locality and the collector, is provided for each species. In addition, brief remarks and colour photographs are provided. This is the first in a series of publications on the primary types of the Tabanidae of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum.
Job change by the population in the conditions of precarious work (on the example of the permanent residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Turakayev Marcel
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify the relationship between precarious work and the change of job by residents of the Russian region. Such factors, as work conditions, qualification and educational mobility, economic conditions and confidence in the future influence the change a job. Sociological survey of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan is the empirical basis of this article. The sample includes three main groups by labor status: employees, unemployed, and self-employed. The sample size is 1 566 people. Unemployed local residents changed their jobs more often than the other groups. This is because many of them regularly change or lose their jobs. Hired workers more often than the other groups moved up and down the career ladder, and changed their field of activity, which is associated with their activity and the instability of working conditions. Self-employed and individual entrepreneurs without employees show weak mobility in the labor market, because they work mainly for themselves. Respondents, who work in private sector, self-employed, have short work experience and temporary employment contract, are highly likely to change their jobs. If respondents satisfied with their income level, have official salary and do not have credit debts, then they will probably not change jobs. Respondents, who want to raise their level of education, improve their qualifications and work in a field of their specialty, tend to change their jobs.
A contribution to the knowledge of cave-adapted ground beetles from Guiyang, central Guizhou Province, southwestern China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)
Authors: Tian Mingyi , Cheng Guangyuan , Huang Sunbin
Published: December 2021

A new genus and two new species of cavernicolous trechines are reported from central Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Haixiaphaenopsgen. nov. is established to place a new species discovered in two limestone caves in northern Qingzhen Shi: H. jinxiaohongaesp. nov. (Dawan Dong cave and Changtu Dong and Dawan Dong caves). This new genus is allied to Zhijinaphaenops Uéno & Ran, 2002. Zhijinaphaenops zhaofeiisp. nov. is described from Zhangkou Dong cave in northern Jiuzhuang Zhen of Xifeng County. In addition, two new localities of the species Zhijinaphaenops jingliae Deuve & Tian, 2015, and two new localities of Sinaphaenops chengguangyuaniMa et al. 2020 are provided. A distribution map for all cavernicolous trechine beetles known in Guiyang is provided.
Some fixed point results for $ \alpha $-admissible extended $ \mathcal{Z} $-contraction mappings in extended rectangular $ b $-metric spaces
Authors: Sun Yan ,   College of Mathematics and Statistics, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China, Liu Xiao-lan , Deng Jia , Zhou Mi ,   Key Laboratory of Higher Education of Sichuan Province for Enterprise Informationalization and Internet of Things, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China,   South Sichuan Center for Applied Mathematics, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China,   School of Science and Technology, University of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572022, China
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we introduce $ \alpha $-admissible extended $ \mathcal{Z} $-contraction in the extended rectangular $ b $-metric spaces, then we provide some other conditions in Theorem 3.1, which are different from that in Chifu et al. [1], and obtain the existence and uniqueness of fixed point in such spaces. Moreover, some examples are given to show the validity of our main theorems, and we give some corollaries related to our main results. As an application, we apply our main results to solve the existence of solutions for a class of boundary value problems of second order ordinary differential equations.
Existence of ground state for coupled system of biharmonic Schrödinger equations
Authors: Wang Yanhua ,   School of Mathematics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Financial Information Technology, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China, Liu Min , Wei Gongming ,   College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: December 2021

In this paper we consider the following system of coupled biharmonic Schrödinger equations

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \ \left\{ \begin{aligned} \Delta^{2}u+\lambda_{1}u = u^{3}+\beta u v^{2}, \\ \Delta^{2}v+\lambda_{2}v = v^{3}+\beta u^{2}v, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} $\end{document}

where $ (u, v)\in H^{2}({\mathbb{R}}^{N})\times H^2(\mathbb R^N) $, $ 1\leq N\leq7 $, $ \lambda_{i} > 0 (i = 1, 2) $ and $ \beta $ denotes a real coupling parameter. By Nehari manifold method and concentration compactness theorem, we prove the existence of ground state solution for the coupled system of Schrödinger equations. Previous results on ground state solutions are obtained in radially symmetric Sobolev space $ H_r^2(\mathbb R^N)\times H_r^2(\mathbb R^N) $. When $ \beta $ satisfies some conditions, we prove the existence of ground state solution in the whole space $ H^2(\mathbb R^N)\times H^2(\mathbb R^N) $.
Geochronology and palaeoclimatic context of submerged siliciclastic beachrock formation in the western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Roqué Pau Carles , Zarroca Hernández Mario , Linares Santiago Rogelio
Published: December 2021

This article describes the geomorphological and petrological characteristics of 19 submerged beachrocks located on the north Catalan coast (western Mediterranean Sea). Their length ranges between 8 and 1039 m, their width between 1.5 and 86.5 m and their thickness between 0.4 and 3.25 m. They are siliciclastic beachrocks consisting of well-rounded gravels with a very coarse sand matrix, and they have a low proportion of bioclasts (<1%). Cementation occurred in the swash zone and adjacent foreshore due to the precipitation of high magnesium calcite. From absolute dates (14C and optically stimulated luminescence) and anthropic artifacts, three phases of formation attributable to the Late Holocene were identified. Phase I corresponds to the warm and humid Roman Period and was recorded at a level below -3.75 m mean sea level (MSL). Phase II corresponds to the warm and arid Medieval Climate Anomaly and was recorded at +0.25 m to -2.5 m MSL. Phase III corresponds to the Little Ice Age and Industrial Period and was recorded at levels ranging from +0.5 m to -3.0 m MSL. Good temporal correspondence between the chronology of the cementation phases and warm and/or dry palaeoclimatic conditions can be established.
Entre Seine et Sénégal. La Vénus d’Asnières (1924) d’André Reuzé : pour une poétique malicieuse de la relation coloniale
Authors: Lévêque Laure
Published: December 2021

Roman populaire, La Vénus d’Asnières s’inscrit dans une tradition vivace depuis la mi-XIXe siècle : celle des « ruines de Paris » illustrée par une abondante littérature qui enregistre fictivement la chute de ce Paris dont Walter Benjamin faisait la « capitale du XIXe siècle », autant dire l’épicentre de la civilisation. Le jeter à bas revient à prendre symboliquement acte d’un malaise dans la civilisation qui remet en cause les piliers sur lesquels elle repose au nombre desquels la mystique du progrès, déclinée dans le scientisme comme dans l’expansionnisme colonial. Projetant, conformément aux canons du genre, dans un futur à plus ou moins longue détente la renaissance de la civilisation, ici relevée par l’Afrique de l’ouest, ce roman piquant use de ce décentrement d’une rive à l’autre de la Méditerranée pour détourner et retourner les codes du roman colonial en une traversée du miroir qui ne laisse pas les certitudes ethnocentriques indemnes.
Family care for the dependent elderly
Authors: Trabut Loïc , Garabige Alexandra , Gaymu Joëlle
Published: December 2021

The link between family care and public care services for dependent elderly people has been explored by many scholars, especially at the international level. Some works have led to typologies that distinguish northern from southern European countries by characterising the former as “intimacy at a distance” with strong state intervention and the latter as more familialist with a particularly high tendency towards multigenerational cohabitation. Because care policies are decentralised in France and the family contexts of ageing vary across different regions, this article transposes the analysis to a subnational level, based on census data and administrative registers of services and public assistance.
Efficiency of 90-Min Extended EMLA-Induced Stimulated Skin-Wrinkling Test in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: John Thomas , Mathew Asha Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Background:

Previous researchers have used a 30-min eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) test, which assesses the sympathetically mediated vasomotor function, in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, its specificity was low, limiting its clinical diagnostic utility. In this study, we assessed the efficiency of 90-min extended EMLA-induced stimulated skin-wrinkling (SSW) test in CTS diagnosis.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was designed among patients clinically diagnosed with CTS. Hands of healthy volunteers and the asymptomatic hands of selected patients served as control. The Boston symptom severity scale (SSS) and the neuropathic pain severity inventory (NPSI) were used to assess symptom severity, and nerve conduction study (NCS) was used to assess electrophysiological severity. EMLA-induced SSW was visually graded after 90 min of application and correlated with symptom and NCS severities.

Results:

Forty-two symptomatic hands and 30 asymptomatic hands were enrolled as cases and controls, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of the extended EMLA test was found to be 83.4% for digit 2 and 87.3% for the lateral 4 digits (mean), whereas the diagnostic efficiency of standard NCS was 88.1%. Boston SSS and NPSI were better correlated with EMLA positivity than NCS positivity. A linear regression analysis showed negative correlation of wrinkling grade with NCS grade.

Conclusion:

With its improved diagnostic efficiency, the 90-min extended EMLA test can feasibly be used as an alternative to NCS, especially in general practice settings. Its potential clinical utility should be explored in a large population of CTS patients showing varying clinical and electrophysiological severities.
Febrile Neutropenia in the Emergency Department
Authors: Simeon Malle , Paul P. Neeraj George , Abhilash Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Febrile neutropenia is one of the most common presentations to the emergency department. Identification and empirical antibiotic therapy improve the outcome of these patients. The objectives of the study are to collect prospective data on febrile neutropenic patients and describe their clinical profile.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted at the Emergency Department, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, from July 2017 to February 2018. After obtaining informed consent, all adult patients who presented with fever and neutropenia were included in the study.

Results:

Of 3778 patients with fever, 101 patients had febrile neutropenia and were included in the study. Males comprised 55.5%. Moderate neutropenia was seen in 30 patients and severe neutropenia was seen in 71 patients. Among the various comorbidities, diabetic patients were more at risk of developing febrile neutropenia (17. 82%). The common organisms isolated were Gram-negative organisms (62. 5%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli were the most common organisms. Aplastic anemia was the main diagnosis among those patients with febrile neutropenia (43.76%). The mortality of the febrile neutropenic patients was 1.98%. Overall survival was 96.04%.

Conclusion:

Empirical antibiotic therapy covering the most common organisms should be started early in febrile neutropenia patients.
Classification Criteria for Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Rheumatologist's Practice and Experience
Authors: Gera Chanchal , Muley Arti
Published: December 2021

Background:

Diagnosis of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA) remains difficult because chronic synovitis is nonspecific and is seen in a large number of diseases. Although the 2010 American college of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism criteria enable early detection of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is not much helpful in identifying seronegative patients.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to suggest classification criteria for SNRA.

Methods:

This was a questionnaire-based study. A validated questionnaire was sent to rheumatologists all over the country to collect data regarding the points which they consider for detecting SNRA. The data so collected were analyzed to identify priority given to each point. Weightage given to these points was used to suggest systematic criteria for classifying SNRA.

Results:

Total 50 rheumatologists participated in the survey. They reported using the presence of inflammatory polyarthritis (62%), elevated acute phase reactants (high erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] - 86% and high C-reactive protein [CRP] - 78%), absence of spondyloarthropathy features (68%), absence of antibodies (rheumatoid factor [RF] – 82% and anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPA] – 74%), and chronic infections for detecting SNRA. Based on these results, chronic inflammatory polyarthritis or synovitis confirmed by ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging, raised ESR and/or raised CRP, and negative RF and negative RF and ACPA were identified as mandatory criteria, while the absence of SPA features including psoriasis, absence of clinical features of connective tissue diseases, negative Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by Immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and absence of HCV, HBSAg, HIV, TB as well as leprosy (in endemic regions) were identified as supportive criteria.

Conclusion:

We propose classification criteria for SNRA. This needs further validation and could be used for studies and clinical practice in future.
Delayed Presentation to the Urologist by Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Irekpita Eshiobo , Ogbetere Friday , Abdulwahab-Ahmed Abdullahi
Published: December 2021

Background:

Men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) often present late. This work aims at studying the reasons for delayed presentation to the urologist by men with LUTS.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study. Delay was taken as 5 months of symptoms before consulting the urologist. The predictors assessed were age, occupation, education, number of children, number of brothers, number of wives, participants' location, and reason for delay. The outcome was the proportion of men with symptoms of more than 5 months and the correlation between predictors and outcome variables. Data were analyzed using International Business Machines–Statistical Programming for Social Sciences version 21.Pvalue of 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:

Three hundred and fifty-four men correctly filled the questionnaires. Finance (12.4%), belief symptoms were due to aging (18.4%), not knowing where to seek help (18.6%), and not knowing the diseases are treatable in the hospital (8.8%) were the reasons for delay. On linear regression analysis, only location (urban or rural) (P = 0.001) of the participants significantly predicted the reasons for delay, while on binary regression analysis, only the number of living brothers (P = 0.53) was close to predicting delay.

Conclusion:

Ignorance, poverty, culture, and beliefs are the factors that determine how long men delay before consulting the urologist.
Impact of a Cross-cultural, inter-professional, Ocular Disease Themed International Elective for Australian Optometry Students – A Pilot Study
Authors: Roy P. Prathiba , Devamani Kiran , Joshua Aarwin , Joshua Giftus , Slecer R. Asha , Susan V. S. Shincy , Lalgudi Sharmili , Rose Jeyanth Suresh
Published: December 2021

Background:

International electives provide students an opportunity to experience diversity in educational content and the impact of social settings on health-care delivery. Primary eye care provided by optometrists is a crucial aspect of the ocular health chain. Optometrists play a large role in the early diagnosis and prevention of ocular diseases. Knowledge and skill acquisition in ocular diagnostics involving a spectrum of diseases that students have fairly limited exposure to in Urban Australian settings would go a long way in ensuring the wholeness of the optometry curriculum.

Methods:

The International Elective in Tropical Eye Disease and Community Eye care (TEDCE), based in a tertiary teaching eye hospital in South India, intended to impart this body of knowledge. This study is an educational-program evaluation study that assessed the change in knowledge, skills, and attitude of 10 International Optometry Students before and after TEDCE. Knowledge and skill were measured using multiple choice questions (MCQS) and objectively structured clinical examination (OSCE). Attitude OSCEs was quantified using the the readiness for inter-professional learning scale questionnaire.

Results:

The pretest MCQ showed a mean score of 44.40 ± 6.22 and posttest MCQ improved to 51.80 ± 3.85. Similarly, the pretest OSCE showed a mean score of 7.10 ± 1.52 and posttest OSCE improved to 12.05 ± 2.58. Qualitative questionnaire analysis indicated that students had better chance to understand interprofessional benefits and limitations.

Conclusion:

The analysis of the results indicates a positive impact of intervention with respect to knowledge, skills, and attitude gained.
Aggressive pancreatic resections for Frantz tumours in a low-volume Caribbean hospital
Authors: Cawich Shamir O. , Sampath Lian , Sandy Sherrise , Pearce Neil W. , Naraynsingh Vijay
Published: December 2021

Background:

Frantz tumours are uncommon lesions worldwide and many surgeons would not encounter this lesion commonly throughout their practices.

Aims:

This study sought to document the therapeutic outcomes after pancreatic resections for Frantz neoplasms in a low-volume, resource-poor setting in the Caribbean.

Materials and Methods:

Data were retrospectively collected from patients who had pancreatic resections for Frantz tumours in Trinidad and Tobago between 1 June 2012 and 1 July 2017.

Results:

There were 12 patients with confirmed Frantz tumours, treated by one of four surgeons at a low volume of 0.6 cases per surgeon per year. The patients were all females at a mean age of 24.83 years (standard deviation [SD] ±7.6; Range 8–35; Median 25.5). A Whipple's resection was performed in 1 patient with a pancreatic head lesion, 2 had central pancreatectomies for lesions in the body and 6 had distal pancreatectomies, 2 with splenic preservation. Histologically, clear margins were achieved in all cases and none of the nodes examined contained metastatic disease. Nine (75%) patients had poor prognostic features present on pre-operative computed tomography scans and/or histopathologic examination. The sole complication was a Grade 1 post-operative pancreatic fistula. No deaths were recorded. All patients were alive without disease recurrence after a median of 34 months (Mean 36.75; SD ± 12.8; Range 12–52).

Conclusion:

Surgeons practicing in the Caribbean treat patients with pancreatic Frantz tumours at minimal volumes, performing aggressive resections with good outcomes. We advocate aggressive surgical resections for pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, considering that outcomes are good and 75% of patients have unfavourable radiologic and/or histopathologic features present at the time of diagnosis.
A rare case of postmenopausal inguinal endometriosis
Authors: Pandiaraja Jayabal , Shalini Arumugam , Vidhya Subramaniam
Published: December 2021

Endometriosis is a condition in which endometrial cells are located outside the uterine cavity, mostly in the abdominal cavity and the peritoneum. It is commonly located in the ovaries, bowel, and pelvic cavity. Sometimes, it can be located in the extrapelvic region also. Inguinal endometriosis is a rare form of extrapelvic endometriosis. Most of the inguinal endometriosis present around 30–40 years of age with a prior history of gynecological or abdominal wall surgery. Our patient presented with inguinal endometriosis in the postmenopausal period without a history of prior surgery. Moreover, she did not present with classical symptoms of abdominal wall endometriosis. Inguinal endometriosis can be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in postmenopausal women even without classical symptoms of endometriosis.