bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flow Fields using Accelerated Erosion Test Ring (AETR)
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, F.E.T., M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India., Singh Vineet , Yadav Vinod Singh ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Uttarakhand, India., Yadav Vinod Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLBITM Greater Noida, India., Kumar Niraj ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, F.E.T., M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India., Singh Manoj Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, F.E.T., M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India., Maheswari Anurag ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, F.E.T., M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India., Upadhyay OM Prakash ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, F.E.T., M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India.
Published: November 2021

The erosion of the blades of hydraulic pumps and turbines, caused due to the water that has enormous suspended particles and erosive agents, is a severe global challenge among scientists and engineers. In the present work, an attempt has been made to compute the extent of erosion caused by water when it passes through devices like hydraulic machines, centrifugal pumps and turbines. Experimental and computational techniques using pitched turbine blades with 45o with the horizontal plane under down pumping condition is employed for investigation of the suspension phenomena for calculating erosion wear by sand suspended in water in river, canal on turbine, pump blades. An experimental set up, named as Accelerated Erosion Test Rig (AETR), is developed through dimensional analysis. For experimental analysis, the sand particle size and propeller dimensions were varied while running the propeller at different speeds. Experimental results revealed that the propeller speed must be maintained at an optimum value, preferably lower speeds, to ensure maximum lifting of impurities and sand particles from the base of the cylinder.
Analysis of Performance, Emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder VCR engine when run on blends of 1-octanol and Diesel
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi NCR, Ghaziabad-201206, India., Singh Ashish Kumar , Amardeep Amardeep ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh -201310, India., Yadav Vinod Kumar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh -201310, India.
Published: November 2021

Phenomenal Changes are taking place in the world. The energy consumption of the country has grown many folds over the past few years, thereby putting pressure on the fossil fuel reserves. Though, recently due to COVID-19, the price of crude oil has fallen since few months but it would again rise which would lead to heavy expenditure over imports of crude petroleum. Also the fossil fuels increase the problem of global warming and carbon emissions. Alternate fuel such as alcohols poses a sustainable alternative solution of the problem. In the present investigation, Blends of 1-octanol are formed with neat diesel i.e. OC-5, OC-10, OC-15 & OC-20 and analyzed for efficiency, fuel economy and effluents of the single cylinder variable compression ratio engine. It was perceived that there was increment in viscosity of the blends containing n-octanol while the heating value lowered by increasing the absorption of 1-octanol. The peak BTE and lowest fuel consumption was found to be with blend containing 20% 1-octanol. Lower CO and UBHC emissions were reported with the addition of 1-octanol in the different blends formed.
Adult Learning Theories and their Role in Instructional Design, Curriculum Development and Educational Technology
Authors: - Quratulain , Basit Iffat , Bakhsh Khuda , Hafeez Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Modern lifelong learning, and especially when it involves technical issues, is absolutely necessary in any modern form of development and environmental protection. States and societies need to constantly focus on lifelong learning because it is the best investment that pays off in the short and long term. A critical stage was emergence of adult learning theories in learning process. Cognitivism, constructivism, Behaviorism and connectivism have been broadly applied in educational learning process to enhance the educational learning system according to the students capabilities and requirements. This study analyzed four adult learning theories namely constructivism, behaviorism, connectivism and cognitivism and their importance in lesson design, curriculum development and educational technology. The current review study's findings revealed that cognitivism, constructivism and behaviourism are foundations for syllabus development, instruction design and technology development. To incorporate technology into the learning process, the connectivism learning theory connects the learning theories of cognitivism, behaviourism and constructivism. The difficulties in putting learning theories into practice, as well as potential solutions, are addressed in this article.
Manajemen Kurikulum Pesantren Salaf Darul Falah “Amtsilati” Jepara
Authors: Alam Mufassirul , Maulana Fikri
Published: November 2021

This study aims to describe the curriculum at the Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School "Amtsilati" Jepara related to curriculum planning, curriculum organization, curriculum implementation, and curriculum evaluation. This research is motivated because this salaf pesantren has a unique curriculum compared to other salaf pesantren. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques in this study were through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis went through two stages. The first stage, analysis of the preliminary study before going to the field. The second stage, data analysis in the field with data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the curriculum was implemented with the curriculum and syllabus formulation. The organization of the curriculum is done by determining the curriculum and the division of tasks for teachers or ustaz. The implementation of the curriculum is carried out through a learning process and assessment as well as a report on learning outcomes. Evaluation is done by studying the subjects and the time of the learning implementation.
Konsep Kurikulum Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Az-Zarnûjî
Authors: Solihin Ahmad
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the existence of the educational curriculum as a thought of al-Imam Buhan al-Islam az-Zarnûjî in the book Ta'lîm al-Muta'allim Tharîq at-Ta'allum. The focus of this paper examines the description of the concept and the steps that should be taken by educators and students in learning. This writing method is the historical method. While the approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach with the type of research Library Research (library research) which seeks to describe a variable in the form of symptoms or conditions according to what is in primary and secondary data sources. The results of research on the book Ta'lîm al-Muta'allim Tharîq at-Ta'allum by az-Zarnûjî which outlines 13 chapters, essentially discusses knowledge and acquires it based on strict religious ethics with the involvement of teachers, fellow students and their environment. The thought of az-Zarnûjî will bring up the characteristics of an educational curriculum that prioritizes religious ethics (allogical) with learning techniques that are socio-cultural and psychological-educational.
Political Orientation as Psychological Defense or Basic Disposition? A Social Neuroscience Examination
Authors: Nash Kyle , Leota Josh
Published: November 2021

Psychological views on political orientation generally agree that conservatism is associated with negativity bias but disagree on the form of that association. Some view conservatism as a psychological defense that insulates from negative stimuli and events. Others view conservatism as a consequence of increased dispositional sensitivity to negative stimuli and events. Further complicating matters, research shows that conservatives are sometimes more and sometimes less sensitive to negative stimuli and events. The current research integrates these opposing views and results. We reasoned that conservatives should typically be less sensitive to negative stimuli if conservative beliefs act as a psychological defense. However, when core components of conservative beliefs are threatened, the psychological defense may fall, and conservatives may show heightened sensitivity to negative stimuli. In two ERP studies, participants were randomly assigned to either an ostensibly real economic threat or a nonthreatening control condition. To measure reactivity to negative stimuli, we indexed the P3 component to aversive white noise bursts in an auditory oddball paradigm. In both studies, the relationship between increased conservatism and P3 mean amplitude was negative in the control condition but positive in threat condition (this relationship was stronger in Study 2). In Study 2, source localization of the P3 component revealed that, after threat, conservatism was associated with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, regions associated with conflict-related processes. These results demonstrate that the link between conservatism and negativity bias is context-dependent, i.e., dependent on threat experiences.
Equivalent own name bias in autism: An EEG study of the Attentional Blink
Authors: Nijhof Annabel D. , von Trott zu Solz Jana , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey
Published: November 2021

The “Attentional Blink” refers to difficulty in detecting the second of two target stimuli presented in rapid temporal succession. Studies have shown that salient target stimuli, such as one’s own name, reduce the magnitude of this effect. Given indications that self-related processing is altered in autism, it is an open question whether this attentional self-bias is reduced in autism. To investigate this, in the current study we utilised an Attentional Blink paradigm involving one’s own and others’ names, in a group of 24 autistic adults, and 22 neurotypical adults, while measuring EEG. In line with previous studies, the Attentional Blink was reduced when the participant’s own name was the second target, with no differences between autistic and neurotypical participants. ERP results show that the effect on the Attentional Blink of one’s own name was reflected in increased N2 and P3 amplitudes, for both autistic and nonautistic individuals. This is the first event-related potential study of own-name processing in the context of the Attentional Blink. The results provide evidence of an intact attentional self-bias in autism, both at the behavioural and neural level.
EĞİTİM YÖNETİCİLERİNİN YENİLİKÇİ İŞ DAVRANIŞLARI İLE ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEK ALGILARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TÜYSÜZ Harun
Published: November 2021

Bu araştırmayla eğitim yöneticilerin yenilikçi iş davranışları ile örgütsel destek algı düzeyleri aralarındaki ilişkiyi yaş ve yöneticilik pozisyonu değişkenleri bakımından incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada karşılaştırmalı ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evreni; 2018-2019 yılları arasında İstanbul ilinde görev yapan il millî eğitim müdür yardımcısı olan 11 kişi, il millî eğitim şube müdürü olan 23 kişi ve ilçe millî eğitim şube müdürü olan 221 kişi toplam 255 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, algılanan örgütsel destek kısa formu ve yenilikçi iş davranışı ölçeği kullanılmıştır.Anket verileri SPSS 21.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Eğitim yöneticilerinin, örgütsel destek ölçeğinin geneli ve alt boyutlarına orta derecede katılmış oldukları; yenilikçi iş davranışı ölçeğinin geneli ve alt boyutlarına ise tamamen katılmış oldukları; yenilikçi iş davranışı ölçeğinin alt boyutlarının birbirleri ile pozitif, anlamlı, orta düzeyde korelasyon gösterirken, örgütsel destek ve alt boyutları ile anlamlı korelasyon göstermediği bulunmuştur.
Pediatri Yoğun Bakımda Çalışan Hemşirelerin Dikkat Düzeyleri ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: ZENGİN AYDIN Leyla , TURAN Mensure , TURAN Engin
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, pediatri yoğun bakımda çalışan hemşirelerin dikkat düzeylerini ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini, Türkiye’deki bir ilin iki kamu hastanesinde bulunan pediatri yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışmakta olan hemşireler oluşturmuştur. Araştırma 18 Eylül-10 Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında örneklem seçimine gidilmeden çalışma kriterlerine uyan ve katılmayı kabul eden 61 hemşire ile tamamlandı. Verilerin toplanmasında “Hemşire Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu” ile “Sayı Menzili Testi” kullanıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde standart sapma, ortalama, minimum, maksimum, t testi, Kruskal wallis, pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin %52.5’i kadın, %91.8’i lisans düzeyinde eğitim almış, %55.7’si evli, % 57.4’ünün 24 saatlik vardiya ile çalışmakta olduğu tespit edildi. Araştırmada hemşirelerin dikkat düzeyinin yaş, çalışılan vardiya saati ve uyku kalitesinden etkilendiği saptandı (p<0.05). Araştırmada hemşirelerin nöbet öncesi ileri sayı skoru ile nöbet sonrası ileri sayı skorları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu ve dikkat düzeyinin etkilendiği belirlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç: Araştırmada bazı değişkenlerin hemşirelerin dikkat düzeyini etkilediği ve vardiyalı çalışmanın hemşirelerin bilişsel fonksiyonlarını etkileyerek dikkat düzeyini azalttığı belirlendi.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPLIED IN FORECASTING THE COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN IASI, ROMANIA
Authors: Ghinea Cristina , Cozma Petronela , Gavrilescu Maria
Published: November 2021

Neural network time series (NNTS) tool was used to predict municipal solid waste composition in Iasi, Romania. The nonlinear input output (NIO) time series model and nonlinear autoregressive model with external (exogenous) input (NARX) included in this tool were selected. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were chosen for evaluation. By applying NIO, the optimum model is 4-11-6 artificial neural network (ANN, R2 = 0.929) in the case of testing as for the validation, with all 0.849 and 0.885, respectively. Applying NARX, the suitable model became 4-13-6 ANN model, with R2 = 0.999 for training, 0.879 for testing, and 0.931, respectively 0.944 for validation and all. The resulted RMSE is zero for training and 0.0109 for validation in the case of this model which had 4 inputs, 13 neurons and 6 outputs. The four input variables were: number of residents, population aged 15–59 years, urban life expectancy, total municipal solid waste (ton/year). The suitable ANN model revealed the lowest root mean square error and the highest coefficient of determination. Results indicate that NNTS tool is a complex instrument, NARX is more accurate than NIO model, and can be used and applied easily.
Novel isolate of Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate has been revealed in Kalar, Iraq
Authors: Hama-Soor Taib Ahmed , Mohammed Aram Ahmad , Weli Sardar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Although Cysticercus tenuicollis is one of the most economic and veterinary important parasite in Iraq, scanty molecular characterization exists for this helminth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular description of C. tenuicollis isolates from sheep in Kalar district of Iraq.

Methodology: A total of 2,906 slaughtered sheep were examined post-mortem. Up to 20 samples of C. tenuicollis was extracted and amplified using mitochondrial COX1 gene.

Results: The overall prevalence rate was 6.88%, and female sheep recorded higher rate of infection (24.35%) than male (6.16%) with significant difference (p<0.05). The molecular results showed 14 haplotypes for COX1 gene and the pairwise nucleotide variation among them was ranged from 0.2 to 2.6%. Twelve out of fourteen haplotypes of C. tenuicollis involving one to three base mutations were discovered in Kalar, Iraq for the first time and this could be a unique mutation internationally and did not registered previously. Eleven newly recorded haplotypes involved only one single mutation and the remaining one involved three mutations. Phylogenetic interpretation showed that Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate were clustered in one clade, and closely related to isolates discovered in Nigeria, China, Turkey, Poland, and Iran.

Conclusions: This study provided a new record data on prevalence and discovered novel strains of C. tenuicollis in the study area for the first time named Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate. Novel haplotypes might consider endemic genetic characterization of this metacestode. The present data may be useful to provide a good molecular background for future preventive and control programs.
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infection: An update of current laboratory practice
Authors: Somily Ali Mohammed , Khan Mohammad Aatif , Morshed Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Clostridioides difficile can cause colitis and is associated with hospital acquired infections. The C. difficile infection (CDI) is due to production of toxins A and B which bind to epithelial cell surface receptors and triggers signaling pathways, leading to loss of epithelial barrier function, apoptosis, and inflammation, culminating in diarrheal disease. In early days, laboratory diagnosis of CDI was based on cell culture, identification of toxins, and their cytopathic effects. These assays were replaced by enzyme immunoassays for the detection of C. difficile toxins and the GDH house-keeping gene for improved specificity. Later, molecular assays with higher sensitivity were introduced which are becoming easier to incorporate into the test algorithm. The diagnosis of CDI and significance of laboratory results can be challenging with asymptomatic colonization of C. difficile in some patients. Test result interpretation is even more challenging due to multiple guidelines, emerging resistant C. difficile ribotypes, as well as differences in disease prevalence. An accurate test result for diagnosis of CDI depends on selecting patients with high pre-test probability, collecting an acceptable stool specimen, and a thorough understanding of current test methods.
A cross-sectional assessment of Indonesian female health cadres’ knowledge and attitude towards antibiotics
Authors: Christanti Jene Vida , Setiadi Adji Prayitno , Wibowo Yosi Irawati , Presley Bobby , Halim Steven Victoria , Setiawan Eko , Sunderland Bruce
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Health cadres have a key role in building awareness related to irrational antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. Cadres help to bridge the gap between the shortage of health professionals and the need to reach the broader population. This study aimed to identify cadres’ background, antibiotic knowledge and attitudes in an Indonesian setting.

Methodology: A paper-based questionnaire survey was validated and conducted among purposefully selected cadres attending a seminar in Malang Indonesia. A 5-point Likert scale was used to identify attitudes, while true/false statements determined their knowledge. A total of 112 cadres responded, giving a 100% response rate.

Results: The majority had been cadres for >2 years with previous counseling experience. Their attitudes on antibiotic use, were shown by the lower levels of disagreement to the statements “when I get a sore throat, I prefer to use antibiotics” (37.5%); “I would take antibiotics if I have had a cough for more than one week” (41.1%); and, “when I get influenza, I would take antibiotics to help me recover sooner” (47.3%), within the “indications” domain. For knowledge, lower scores were reported for domains related to “indications” (mean 1.49 ± 0.82/3), “resistance” (mean 1.06 ± 0.94/3), and “storage and disposal” (mean 1.23 ± 0.78/3).

Conclusions: These findings indicated a need to improve cadres’ attitudes and knowledge prior their involvement as change agents for improving the rational use of antibiotics to minimise antibiotic resistance in Indonesia.
The ground beetles (Caraboidea) of the southern Sikhote-Alin Mountains
Authors: Sundukov Yuri , Makarov Kirill
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of 30 years of field studies on the Caraboidea fauna of the southern Sikhote-Alin Mountain, Russian Far East. Material was collected at 300+ geographical localities within 18 administrative and seven urban districts of the Primorsky Krai, Russia. A total of 55,953 adult ground beetles belonging to 426 subspecies, 411 species, 86 genera and three families were studied. The families Rhysodidae and Trachypachidae are represented by one species each, while the family Carabidae the remaining 409 species. The resulting sampling-event dataset includes 12,852 occurrences.

This is the first dataset underlying an accurate and referenced taxonomic composition, as well as the geographic distribution of the Caraboidea in the southern Sikhote-Alin Mountains, Primorsky Krai, Russian Far East.
Combattre pour l’IRA : une analyse processuelle des engagements entre le civil et le combattant
Authors: Holstein Hadrien
Published: November 2021

En reprenant la distinction juridique entre le combattant et le civil, la recherche a forgé une image des combattants irréguliers caractérisée par leur exclusion à la fois du monde militaire et de la population civile. Dès lors, les études se sont focalisées sur les expériences les plus combattantes ou les plus civiles pour appréhender les dynamiques en temps de guerre. Je reviens sur cette polarisation en montrant qu’elle occulte des phénomènes de continuité et homogénéise des modes d’investissement militant variés. Loin du postulat d’une imperméabilité totale entre les mondes combattants et civils, il existe un continuum d’expériences intermédiaires, caractérisées par de multiples formes d’engagement, et où les acteurs évoluent dans plusieurs sphères sociales plus ou moins distinctes. Mon raisonnement s’articule en trois temps : tout d’abord, les facteurs contextuels favorisant ou freinant l’endossement du rôle de combattant ; ensuite, la préservation de routines ordinaires qui font de la lutte une expérience avant tout militante, définie par l’appartenance au groupe ; enfin, l’influence des formes d’engagement dans le déroulement de la carrière militante, y compris après la fin des combats.
Le concours des réputations collectives aux perceptions d’(in)efficacité des organismes nationaux anti-corruption. Exemples du Botswana et du Cameroun
Authors: Eloka Alain
Published: November 2021

L’émergence de la « lutte contre la corruption » comme prescription globale dans les années 1990 a donné lieu à une floraison au niveau planétaire d’organismes nationaux spécifiquement dédiés à cette question. Cependant, l’efficacité de ces structures étatiques est débattue et diversement appréciée dans la littérature. Nous entendons contribuer à ce débat en soutenant que les perceptions d’(in)efficacité suscitées par chaque organisme national anticorruption (ONAC) s’expliquent aussi, au-delà des analyses proposées dans la littérature, par la réputation des élites gouvernantes du pays considéré. L’étude des dispositifs anti-corruption mis en place respectivement par le Botswana et le Cameroun révèle que la réputation positive de certains pays auprès des institutions internationales de développement permet à leurs ONAC de bénéficier d’une « bonne presse » et d’une présomption d’efficacité que la réalité des faits ne confirme pas forcément. À l’inverse, la réputation négative de certains autres pays fait peser sur leurs ONAC une présomption d’inefficacité, et ce indépendamment des résultats factuels de leurs actions.
Distinguer sans discriminer ? Le combat paradoxal du théâtre new-yorkais
Authors: Lechaux Bleuwenn
Published: November 2021

Dans le prolongement des recherches explorant l’appropriation d’outils antidiscriminatoires par des professionnel·les du droit, des militants et militantes de l’égalité, des représentants·et représentantes politiques et des responsables de ressources humaines d’entreprises privées, j’étudie la façon dont les professionnel·les des mondes du théâtre new-yorkais se saisissent collectivement de modes d’action, des plus informels aux plus formalisés, pour lutter contre les pratiques de discrimination qu’ils et elles perçoivent comme entravant le déroulement des carrières de certains individus en raison de critères (de sexe, d’identité sexuelle, ethno-raciaux) devant être prohibés. Je souligne également les défis, largement attribuables aux revendications propres aux mondes de l’art (autonomie, subjectivité dans le choix de l’auteur·e dramatique que l’on souhaite produire), qui freinent ce combat. Plusieurs obstacles viennent en effet contrarier le projet d’une répartition non discriminatoire de biens rares, indissociablement matériels (production d’une pièce) et symboliques (réputation, reconnaissance), le surcroît de prestige étant le corollaire de la rareté du bien. La distinction étant au principe du fonctionnement des mondes de l’art, le défi consiste dès lors à ne pas activer de nouvelles discriminations dans la mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs.
Politiques des sciences et diplomatie au temps de la guerre froide. La coopération spatiale franco-soviétique dans les dynamiques Est-Ouest
Authors: Gouarné Isabelle
Published: November 2021

Présentées aujourd’hui comme une priorité des politiques scientifiques, les coopérations internationales ont été utilisées, à partir de la seconde moitié du xx e siècle, comme un instrument diplomatique privilégié. C’est en effet au temps de la guerre froide qu’un tel usage de la science s’est développé et institutionnalisé dans les dispositifs de politique étrangère de différents États. Pour rendre compte de ce mode d’internationalisation des sciences, je reviens sur un moment fondateur de la « diplomatie scientifique » française, celui des coopérations scientifiques nouées, sous impulsion politique, avec l’Union soviétique, à partir des années 1960, pour servir la stratégie gaullienne de rupture avec la logique bipolaire des « blocs » et la volonté d’affirmation de la « grandeur » nationale. Centrée sur les sciences spatiales, domaine le plus réussi de cette collaboration et pourtant le plus sensible, mon enquête, menée à partir de sources (archives et entretiens) françaises, russes et américaines, permet d’analyser la configuration d’acteurs que cette politique de coopération a mobilisée, les tensions auxquelles elle a donné lieu et les effets qu’elle a eus sur les dynamiques Est-Ouest.
Existe-t-il vraiment des droits naturels ?
Authors: Kervégan Jean-François
Published: November 2021

Dans son article « Existe-t-il des droits naturels ? », H. L. A. Hart soutient que « s’il existe des droits moraux, il en résulte qu’il existe au moins un droit naturel, le droit égal de tous les hommes à être libres ». Il s’agit ici de dégager la signification et les possibles difficultés de cette thèse, et de mettre ainsi en évidence les ambiguïtés d’une notion comme celle de natural right . Une confrontation d’une part avec la typologie des droits de Hohfeld, d’autre part avec la thèse de Kant selon laquelle il existe un seul droit « inné », la liberté, permet d’opposer certaines objections à la théorie des droits de Hart.
Le rôle de la « narration située » en éducation thérapeutique des patients (ETP) : de l’information à la relation
Authors: Arborio Sophie , Simon Emmanuelle
Published: November 2021

Introduction : Ce dossier réunit différentes propositions présentées lors du colloque de clôture consacré aux programmes de recherche Fam-West * et Com-Patient ** . Il était consacré à l’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP) et son possible déploiement dans le contexte de la prise en charge des maladies rares. But de l’étude : Aujourd’hui, la démarche communicationnelle de l’ETP formelle commune pourrait être qualifiée d’« informationnelle ». Dans cette approche, la connaissance est transmise de manière linéaire du soignant au soigné et l’élaboration du dispositif repose sur le message, les supports de communication et leur adaptation à la cible. Mais l’approche de l’ETP pourrait également être pensée comme un des lieux possibles d’élaboration des savoirs d’expérience, à travers lequel sont reconnus les savoirs et les compétences que les malades peuvent élaborer à travers l’épreuve de maladie. Résultats : Ce dossier entend donc documenter les formes d’incursion de la narration à l’intérieur d’une relation de soin spécifique qu’est l’ETP permettant à la fois d’éclairer la manière dont les acteurs de santé s’emparent de la question narrative dans différents contextes et d’apporter aussi de nouvelles pistes d’interrogations relatives à la relation d’ETP entre soignants, soignés et leur entourage. Conclusions : C’est sous l’angle du dialogue disciplinaire que la place de la narration en ETP a été interrogée. Ce dossier croise ainsi des approches en sciences humaines et sociales fondamentales ou interventionnelles, des approches en ingénierie ou encore celles de praticiens et patients experts qui mettent au travail théories et outils pour faire advenir demain une « TPE relationnelle » en documentant ses limites comme ses potentialités.
Récit de soi en éducation thérapeutique du patient : valoriser des biographies ajustées au registre clinique
Authors: Gaborit Émilie , Terral Philippe , Génolini Jean-Paul , Forté Lucie
Published: November 2021

Cet article s’intéresse au récit de soi dans les interactions entre patients et avec les soignants qui participent à un dispositif d’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP) sur l’autogestion des anticancéreux oraux. Ce programme a la particularité de conjuguer des objectifs d’acquisition de connaissances et de verbalisation de l’expérience auprès d’un collectif de patients. Nous analysons les effets des socialisations et des interactions entre les participants (patients et soignants) sur les récits de soi et le partage de connaissances en ETP. Une enquête ethnographique de plus de deux ans sur les ateliers d’ETP a été menée, des entretiens auprès de 24 participants (professionnels et patients) préalablement observés ont également permis de revenir sur leur expérience de l’ETP. Nous partons du postulat que les récits de soi font partie d’un ensemble de connaissances légitimes, mais qu’ils sont plus ou moins visibilisés dans le cadre des ateliers d’ETP. Nous constatons chez les patients une variation de leur récit selon la légitimité accordée à leur expérience et leur capacité à la traduire dans un collectif hétérogène. Nous montrons également combien les interactions entre les patients et l’animation des soignants valorisent les récits qui s’alignent sur le principe d’autonomisation des patients et en invisibilisent, voire en occultent d’autres au nom de cette même préoccupation.
E-réputation : étude descriptive auprès de 240 médecins généralistes de région sud
Authors: Gladines David , Bonnet Pierre-André , Durocher Axelle
Published: November 2021

Introduction : L’e-réputation correspond à la réputation d’une entité sur internet. Ce phénomène touche de nombreux domaines, dont le milieu médical. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de décrire l’intérêt des médecins généralistes pour leur e-réputation et les données disponibles en la matière en région sud. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d’identifier les déterminants de l’intérêt et du sentiment de maîtrise de l’e-réputation des médecins. Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive. L’échantillon final comportait 240 médecins sélectionnés par tirage au sort. Les données ont été recueillies par un questionnaire auto-administré et par un recueil direct sur internet. Résultats : Le taux de réponse au questionnaire était de 64,2 %. Parmi les médecins ayant répondu, 51,3 % ne portaient aucun intérêt à leur e-réputation, 9,7 % s’y intéressaient fortement ou très fortement. Les médecins installés depuis moins de vingt-cinq ans et les médecins de moins de 50 ans y portaient plus d’intérêt. Ils étaient 79,9 % à considérer n’avoir aucune maîtrise de leur e-réputation (médiane = 1). Au sein de l’échantillon total de l’étude, 71,6 % des médecins avaient au moins une note. Le nombre moyen de notes par médecin était de 3,65 (écart type = 3,92). Les médecins de plus de 50 ans et les médecins pratiquant en milieu urbain ont reçu un plus grand nombre de notes. Près de la moitié des médecins (44,8 %) souhaiteraient être davantage informés sur la manière de répondre aux avis. Discussion : L’intérêt des médecins pour leur e-réputation était faible, leur maîtrise également. Ils sont cependant concernés par ce phénomène et demandeurs d’informations.
La prise en charge socio-sanitaire des populations vulnérables dans l’agglomération de Cayenne, Guyane française
Authors: Autrive Élise , Eliot Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

Introduction : La communauté d’agglomération Centre Littoral (CACL) en Guyane française est marquée par une plus forte concentration de l’offre de services de santé au sein de l’île de Cayenne par rapport au reste du territoire, mais aussi par du bâti spontané qui regroupe, dans ses parties les plus détériorées, des personnes vulnérables, dont une partie est immigrée. Objectif : L’objectif de cet article est de mieux comprendre l’organisation du système sanitaire et social destiné à la prise en charge des populations en situation de vulnérabilité au sein de cette aire. Méthode : L’étude fut menée entre 2017 et 2019 auprès des acteurs du système sociosanitaire à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs analysés à l’aide de l’analyse de réseau (théorie des graphes – mesures de centralité). Résultats : Les résultats montrent que le système d’acteurs est hiérarchisé avec des rôles différents dans la prise en charge des populations. Ainsi se dessinent des points de passage importants qui constituent des portes d’entrée dans le système de santé pour ces populations.
Convolutional Neural Network Integrated With Fuzzy Rules for Decision Making in Brain Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Van Hai Pham , Amaechi Samson Eloanyi
Published: November 2021

Conventional methods used in brain tumors detection, diagnosis, and classification such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scanning technologies are unbridged in their results. This paper presents a proposed model combination, convolutional neural networks with fuzzy rules in the detection and classification of medical imaging such as healthy brain cell and tumors brain cells. This model contributes fully on the automatic classification and detection medical imaging such as brain tumors, heart diseases, breast cancers, HIV and FLU. The experimental result of the proposed model shows overall accuracy of 97.6%, which indicates that the proposed method achieves improved performance than the other current methods in the literature such as [classification of tumors in human brain MRI using wavelet and support vector machine 94.7%, and deep convolutional neural networks with transfer learning for automated brain image classification 95.0%], uses in the detection, diagnosis, and classification of medical imaging decision supports.
The Global Organizational Behavior Analysis for Financial Risk Management Utilizing Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yang Shufang , Wu Hainan
Published: November 2021

Enterprise financial risks are analyzed utilizing the theory of organizational behavior, and a financial risk management system is constructed to improve the design and algorithm of the enterprise risk management system. Base on the CCER (China Center for Economic Research) database, the early warning model for enterprise financial risk management containing five indices is proposed for enterprises. Through Logistic regression analysis, the design principle of the financial risk management system based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is explained. The proposed system innovatively introduces the AI integrated learning method, optimizes objective function through XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) algorithm, and trains the model through BP (Backpropagation) NN (Neural Network). Finally, following comparative analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Does your wheel chair fit?
Authors: Humphrey M.
Published: November 2021

No abstract available.
Reciprocity between Britain and the Union
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2021

No abstract available.
Othopaedic bursary
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2021

No abstract available.
The spastic child
Authors: Grant M. C.
Published: November 2021

No abstract available.
Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive tablets of furosemide by design of experiment
Authors: Thimmaraju Manish K. , Sushma Desai , Vidhya Beebireddy , Jyothi Aenugu , Gudas Ganesh K. , Venu Kola
Published: November 2021

Aim and objective

The present investigation concerns with the development and evaluation of mucoadhesive tablets of furosemide, which were designed to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration.

Materials and methods

Mucoadhesive tablets of furosemide were formulated using different mucoadhesive polymers such as locust bean gum, tamarind gum, and chitosan in various ratios for treatment of hypertension by using design of experiment.

Results and discussion

The tablets were evaluated for various parameters such as compatibility studies, drug content, weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, swelling studies, in vitro drug-release studies, in vitro mucoadhesion strength, ex vivo residence time test, and release rate kinetics. The in vitro release kinetics studies reveal that all formulations fit well with zero order, followed by Korsmeyer–Peppas, Higuchi, and the mechanism of drug release is erosion. After analysis of different evaluation parameters and drug-release kinetics, formulation code F16 was selected as a promising formulation for delivery of furosemide as a mucoadhesive gastroretentive tablet with best mucoadhesive strength and 98.76% cumulative percentage drug released at the 12th hour. Stability studies of the selected formulation were carried out to determine the effect of formulation additives on the stability of the drug and also to determine the physical stability of the formulation.

Conclusion

The stability studies were carried out at 40°C/75% RH for 90 days. There was no significant change in the physical property and weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, in vitro drug-release studies, and in vitro mucoadhesion-strength drug content during the study period.
People to policy: The promise and challenges of big data for India
Authors: Das Anthony Vipin
Published: November 2021

Big data holds great promise to help unravel insights to bridge the gap in human understanding. There has to be an emphasis on the quality of the data points being collected to ensure meaningful analysis. India has made significant strides to lay down a strong framework through the National Digital Health Blueprint and the National Health Stack for the future. There is a need to focus on the first important step of collection of a “good quality” data point through the implementation of electronic medical records by the health care providers. In India, 60 million individuals move below the poverty line every year because of the expenses related to unforeseen illness that adversely affects the individual’s welfare and the nation’s economic growth. With an out-of-pocket expense rate currently at 70% and the government’s health budget at a mere 1.3% of its GDP (gross domestic product), data-driven decisions are the need of the hour for policy making and to ensure equitable, efficient, and excellent delivery of health care. There is a huge potential to harness the power of big data to generate insights to address the four big challenges of health care in India – availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability.
Surgical outcome of full-thickness macular hole secondary to tractional retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Babu Naresh , Kohli Piyush , Mishra Chitaranjan , Rajan Renu P , Kumar Karthik , Ramasamy Kim , Dara Reshma , Lakshmi C Chandra
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the surgical outcome of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) secondary to active fibrovascular proliferation (FVP) and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and factors influencing the outcome.

Methods:

This retrospective study included the patients who underwent vitrectomy for FTMH secondary to PDR TRD from 2016 to 2020. Anatomical and visual outcomes were analyzed after six months along with the factors predicting the final outcome and duration of subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution.

Results:

Group A (macula-off combined RD, i.e., tractional and rhegmatogenous) included 10 eyes, while group B (macula-threatening TRD) included eight eyes. The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from logMAR 1.21 (Snellen equivalent: 20/324) to logMAR 0.76 (Snellen equivalent: 20/115) (P = 0.008). Seventeen patients gained ≥1 line(s) of vision. Mean visual gain in groups A and B was 3.7 ± 1.9 and 1.9 ± 1.1 lines, respectively (P = 0.051). MH closed in 88.9% eyes. Type 1 anatomical closure was achieved in 88.9% of eyes. At 6 months, SRF and central macular thickness reduced from 479.6 ± 512.5 μm to 11.4 ± 23.5 μm (P = 0.002) and 874.3 ± 422.6 μm to 207.6 ± 81.7 μm (P = 0.0002), respectively. Finally, macular SRF resolved in all the patients. The mean duration for complete SRF resolution was 4.9 ± 3.2 months. Eyes with a shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (rho = −0.49, P = 0.040) and macula-off combined RD (P = 0.048) took a longer time for complete SRF resolution.

Conclusion:

Good anatomical and visual outcomes can be achieved in eyes with PDR TRD-associated FTMH. The residual macular SRF resolves slowly after the surgery and extra intervention is not required. Macula-off combined RD is associated with worse outcome and a slower SRF resolution rate.
Quantitative analysis of retinal microvascular changes in prediabetic and diabetic patients
Authors: Ratra Dhanashree , Dalan Daleena , Prakash Nandini , Kaviarasan Kuppan , Thanikachalam Sadagopan , Das Undurti N , Angayarkanni Narayansamy
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate and correlate retinal microvascular changes in prediabetic and diabetic patients with functional and systemic parameters.

Methods:

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed on all subjects after medical evaluation and laboratory investigations for blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and others. Automated quantification of vascular indices of the superficial plexus were analyzed.

Results:

Hundred and eleven persons (222 eyes) were grouped into prediabetic (PDM) (60 eyes), diabetic without retinopathy (NDR) (56 eyes), diabetic with retinopathy (DR) (66 eyes), and healthy controls (CTR) (40 eyes). The superficial retinal capillary plexus showed no significant changes in the prediabetic and NDR groups; however, central foveal thickness (CFT) was significantly reduced in PDM (P = 0.04). The circularity of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (P = 0.03) and the vessel density (VD) (P = 0.01) showed significant reduction from PDM to NDR. All vascular parameters were significantly reduced in DR and correlated with disease severity. The CFT correlated significantly with FAZ area. The VD and perfusion density were seen to correlate significantly with HbA1c and contrast sensitivity. The visual acuity was significantly correlated with the FAZ. Logistic regression revealed VD [OR 20.42 (7.9–53)] and FAZ perimeter [OR 9.8 (4.2–23.2)] as the strongest predictors of DR.

Conclusion:

The changes in OCTA can help predict onset of DR. FAZ changes are seen in early stages and are correlated well with systemic parameters, making it an easy target to monitor and screen for severity of DR. Significant reduction in the CFT in PDM suggests that neuronal damage precedes vascular changes.
Outcomes of preoperative bevacizumab in diabetics with nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage without tractional detachment – A quasi-randomized retrospective study
Authors: Chakraborty Debdulal , Maiti Aniruddha , Kelkar Aditya , Sengupta Sabyasachi , Roy Sangeeta , Bolisetty Mounika , Kothari Akshay , Majumder Jaydeep
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To assess whether preoperative bevacizumab (BVZ) in treatment-naïve eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and vitreous hemorrhage (VH) without tractional retinal detachment (TRD) leads to lesser macular edema and better visual outcome compared to eyes that do not receive BVZ.

Methods:

This quasi-randomized retrospective study included 217 treatment-naïve eyes with nonclearing VH without TRD that had vitrectomy with or without BVZ and had a minimum 6-months follow-up. Postoperative variables, including visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) at 1 month, and need for additional anti-VEGF injections till 6 months follow-up, were recorded for analysis.

Results:

Of the 217 eyes, 107 eyes (49%) received preoperative BVZ and 110 (51%) did not. Groups were comparable in terms of preoperative characteristics. At 1 month, mean CMT was significantly higher in eyes without BVZ (310 ± 33 μ vs. 246 ± 34μ; P < 0.001). The likelihood of developing center-involving DME at 1 month after vitrectomy was 67% lower if the eye received preoperative BVZ (OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.18–2.54, P = 0.56). Though BCVA improved significantly in both groups at 1 month, it was 1/3rd of a line better in the BVZ group (β coefficient = −0.035 logMAR, 95%CI = −0.04 to −0.008 logMAR, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Preoperative BVZ in treatment-naïve eyes with PDR and VH but without TRD lead to better macular status and marginally improved vision at 1 month, which was maintained at 6 months. In view of these results, patients may be offered BVZ only when it is readily affordable to them.
Role of optical coherence tomography-angiography in diabetes mellitus: Utility in diabetic retinopathy and a comparison with fluorescein angiography in vision threatening diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Shaikh Nawazish F , Vohra Rajpal , Balaji Akshaya , Azad Shorya V , Chawla Rohan , Kumar Vinod , Venkatesh Pradeep , Kumar Atul
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

To determine the utility of optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and comparison versus fluorescein angiography (FA) in vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR).

Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational study, 60 eyes with no DR (NDR), 60 eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 60 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) underwent OCT-A. FA was done in VTDR. OCT-A of the NDR eyes was analyzed by two independent retina specialists. Vessel density (VD) (mm/mm2), perfusion density (PD) (%), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (mm2) area was analyzed among the groups. Montage angiography with vitreoretinal interface (VRI) segmentation was done in PDR. A qualitative comparison was done between OCT-A and FA for features of DR.

Results:

OCT-A detected 16.66% of the eyes with microaneurysm and 57.5% of the patients with capillary non-perfusion (CNP) areas in the NDR group. The inter-grader coefficient between the two observers was 0.820 for microaneurysm and 0.880 for CNP. The mean VD in NDR, NPDR, and PDR was 16.865, 13.983, and 11.643 mm/mm2. The mean PD in NDR, NPDR, and PDR was 30.595, 26.853, and 23.193%. The VD and PD values were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean FAZ area was not statistically significant (NPDR and PDR) (P > 0.05). The VRI showed elevated neovascularization in four eyes. OCT-A delineated microaneurysm and FAZ in 97/97 eyes who underwent FA. The FA failed to delineate FAZ in 2/37 NPDR eyes and 13/60 PDR eyes. The CNP areas (OCT-A) were detectable in all eyes. The FA demonstrated CNP areas in 17/37 and 36/60 eyes in NPDR and PDR, respectively. The FA could show peripheral CNP.

Conclusion:

The OCT-A helps in the early diagnosis of DR by providing vascular indices which are consistent with disease progression. OCT-A is non-invasive and ideal for follow-up. FA is a dynamic test with a larger field of view.