bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desasosiego/desassossego en Teresa de Ávila y Fernando Pessoa.
Authors: Uría Fernández Santiago
Published: December 2023

Con arreglo al trabajo de Barbara Cassin y Emily Apter sobre la noción de intraducibilidad, en este ensayo tomaré desasosiego, portugués desassossego, por un intraducible. En la primera parte del ensayo analizaré los contornos semánticos del término según Teresa de Ávila en el Libro de la vida y las Moradas del castillo interior, por un lado, y Fernando Pessoa en el Livro do desassossego, por el otro. Discutiré después sus connotaciones, a fin de utilizarlo como matriz comparativa más allá de sus usos específicos en la prosa de Teresa y Pessoa. De ese modo, en la segunda parte del ensayo vincularé el concepto de desasosiego/ desassossego a una constelación de textos literarios y filosóficos de distinta índole.
Orígenes y desarrollo del género policiaco en la ficción televisiva española (1956-2016)
Authors: Sánchez Blasco Pablo
Published: December 2023

El género policiaco ha tenido una difícil integración en el panorama de las ficciones españolas hasta bien entrado el siglo xx. Anecdótico en las corrientes novelísticas del Franquismo e intermitente en la industria del cine, ha atravesado unos obstáculos aún mayores en las serie televisivas iniciadas en 1957 por RTVE. Este artículo pretende establecer una línea temporal de los orígenes y el desarrollo de este género desde las primeras emisiones del ente público hasta el año 2016, cuando el mercado cambia con la llegada de las webseries y las nuevas plataformas de streaming. Las ficciones nacionales nunca siguieron el formato de los procedimentales americanos que triunfaban entre el público. Sus primeras series abordaron el género desde rasgos propios marcados por las circunstancias de su época.
Insultar para reírse: Desarmar el estereotipo en «Deforme Semanal Ideal Total»
Authors: Sanchez Lopez Juan Pedro
Published: December 2023

Mediante la recuperación de libros, figuras, historias, películas y su revisión desde la óptica feminista, Deforme Semanal Ideal Total plantea un lugar de crítica cultural que abre un espacio a la contestación y a la reformulación de conceptos, dinámicas y formas de mirar. Aunque no son solo las narrativas o las formas de mirar de ciertas obras lo que propone reactualizar este podcast, sino que en estas revisiones Calderón y Lijtmaer también preparan una reactualización de otras formas quizás no tan visibles: los estereotipos. A través de una primera parte de exploración teórica sobre los estereotipos y una segunda parte de análisis sobre el estereotipo de la buena feminista y su uso en Deforme Semanal Ideal Total, en este artículo pretendo dar cuenta de cómo se puede utilizar el humor para sobrepasar y confrontar determinados estereotipos que resultan perjudiciales y reduccionistas en ciertas vidas y sus expectativas, concretamente en las vidas y en las expectativas de comportamiento de las mujeres.
I'm not laughing at you, I'm laughing for you
Authors: Bomholt Marius Christian
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo examina de cerca uno de los fenómenos más difundidos y bienqueridos en Internet: el meme. Partiendo de una apreciación contemporánea de la teorización clásica de Richard Dawkins —en apariencia algo desfasada con respecto a sus avatares actuales, aunque sorprendentemente apropiada en algunos aspectos—, este ensayo arroja luz sobre algunas de las características menos examinadas de este fenómeno digital, centrándose sobre todo en su naturaleza extrañamente no subjetiva, impersonal. Ese rasgo particular ofrece una pista de que hay algo más en la comunicación memética de lo que se percibe a primera vista, a saber, que los memes pueden, de hecho, entenderse —siguiendo los planteamientos teóricos de Robert Pfaller y Slavoj Žižek— como medios interpasivos, como elementos de comunicación que nos permiten delegar nuestro placer y así incrementar nuestra distancia reflexiva hacia el discurso en línea.
Humor en los tiempos de guerra
Authors: Semenova Alexandra
Published: December 2023

La grieta entre los grupos sociales rusos pro y antiputinistas a partir del día 24 de febrero de 2022 no solamente se volvió más evidente, sino que más bien se convirtió en un abismo. Muchos usuarios de las redes sociales, tales como Instagram y Twitter en primer lugar, que antes de la guerra no solían manifestar su afiliación política, en estas circunstancias trágicas arrancaron un bombardeo cruzado de mensajes bien claros. Después de los primeros días de un shock total, las comunidades que se dedicaban a las publicaciones irónicas y humorísticas se encontraron frente a un reto completamente nuevo: el de hacer a su público reír en la época del total dominio del miedo, el estupor, las lágrimas, los ataques de pánico y el exilio masivo. Este estudio consiste en analizar las cuentas rusas de Instagram como, ´´"La Edad Media sufriente" y ´"El bigote de Peskov", cuya especialidad es la creación de memes, con el fin de ver qué tipo de ironía, lenguaje y tramas utilizan para cumplir con esta misión imposible. En este caso nos interesan no solamente los aspectos verbales, sino también la semiótica y el lenguaje visual de dichos memes, ya que cada una de estas páginas tiene un contenido de una estética muy particular. Otra cuestión que ha de ser estudiada en este contexto es el fenómeno de los memes orientados a la misma figura de Putin, si consideramos el año de la guerra y poco antes. Por ejemplo, su famoso encuentro con Emmanuel Macron en Moscú dos semanas antes de la invasión rusa, que produjo un sinfín de memes y se hizo viral.
Terapias alternativas, factores clave y su relación con las sesiones de Musicoterapia
Authors: Garrido Muñoz Antonio
Published: December 2023

La forma en la que se lleva a cabo una sesión de Musicoterapia es muy diferente si se realiza en una UCI, en un aula de Educación Especial o en un geriátrico. Por ello, se pretende hacer una diferenciación entre la forma de abordar una sesión de Musicoterapia en los ámbitos hospitalario, educativo y social. Para esto, se ha seguido una metodología de revisión narrativa de literatura especializada en torno al tema, donde se comparan las diferentes actividades que se llevan a cabo en estos lugares para poder concluir cuál es la manera más adecuada a la hora de dirigirse a los diferentes pacientes que se pueden encontrar, siendo las variables más comunes: el tono de voz, el vocabulario usado, el repertorio elegido, la duración de las sesiones y la metodología. Además, se muestra que el uso de terapias alternativas como la naturopatía o el Mindfulness potencia los resultados obtenidos.
Hacia un enfoque terapéutico integrado: musicoterapia y mindfulness contra el estrés y la ansiedad
Authors: Sánchez García Miguel , Fernández-Company José Fernando
Published: December 2023

El estrés y la ansiedad son problemáticas prevalentes de salud mental que han demostrado una respuesta efectiva a la musicoterapia y el mindfulness cuando se aplican por separado. Este trabajo presenta una propuesta de intervención que combina ambas técnicas con el objetivo de potenciar sus beneficios. La propuesta consiste en sesiones grupales de 90 minutos dirigidos a un público entre ocho y doce participantes durante un seguimiento de ocho semanas. Sesiones conducidas por profesionales especializados en musicoterapia y mindfulness. Se espera que la propuesta pueda resultar en una disminución significativa del estrés y la ansiedad en los participantes. La implementación de esta intervención podría aportar datos empíricos sobre la eficacia de la combinación de musicoterapia y mindfulness en el tratamiento del estrés y la ansiedad, contribuyendo así a la optimización de futuras intervenciones en este campo.
Musicoterapia aplicada a personas mayores institucionalizadas en fase de demencia avanzada y con necesidades de cuidados paliativos
Authors: Solsona Belmonte Roberto
Published: December 2023

El proyecto de Mejora de la Calidad de Vida en la residencia pública de personas mayores Javalambre de Teruel (I.A.S.S.) ofrece sesiones de musicoterapia clínica individual, como acompañamiento de final de vida a aquellas personas que se encuentran encamadas o con movilidad muy reducida. El trabajo es realizado por un musicoterapeuta profesional acreditado en España y supervisado por otro musicoterapeuta profesional acreditado para supervisar. Este artículo muestra la intervención con 31 residentes, recibiendo una sesión semanal de entre 10 a 25 minutos aproximadamente durante 20 semanas desde octubre de 2022. Todos presentan demencia avanzada, con grado 7 de deterioro cognitivo según la Escala de Deterioro Global de Reisberg, un grado de dependencia funcional grave o severo según el índice de Barthel, y con necesidades de cuidados paliativos, tratando de demostrar que la musicoterapia puede mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Synthesizing fractal images by means of shift dynamical systems
Authors: Valantinas Jonas , Valantinas Rokas , Žumbakis Tomas
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the adaptation problem of the time escape algorithm to the special class of fractal images (attractors of iterated function systems) and the necessary mathematical context are ana­lysed. A new original idea for the practical implementation of shift dynamical systems, used in synthesizing fractal images (attractors), is proposed.
The optimization of a multilayer structural element in plasto-elastic zone
Authors: Kleiza Vytautas , Bareišis Jonas
Published: December 2023

To estimate the efficiency of plasto-elastic strain multilayer rods, a concept of the efficiency coefficient has been introduced. In this paper, it has been proved that, if the efficiency coefficient, as a function of three variables is defined in a rectangular parallelepiped, then both the global minimum and the maximum are in the vertices of this domain.
Making virtual learning environment more intelligent: application of Markov decision process
Authors: Baziukaitė Dalia
Published: December 2023

Suppose there exist a Virtual Learning Environment in which agent plays a role of the teacher. With time it moves to different states and makes decisions on which action to choose for moving from current state to the next state. Some actions taken are better than some others. The transition process through the set of states ends in some final (goal) state, being in which it gives for the agent the largest benefit. The best way of action is to reach the goal state with maximum return available. The system is formalized as Markov Decision Process and the Q-Learning algorithm is applied to find of such kind criterion that optimises the behavior of the agent.
Determining the Law of Reading Tajweed (Idgham Qomariyah and Syamsiyah) in the Qur'an Using the Naïve Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Azhar Haikal , Hizbullah Ibham Bathsyi
Published: December 2023

Learning tajweed to recite the Qur’an is important. Because if there is a mispronunciation, the meaning will be different. This research aims to detect two of the many tajweed, namely idghom qomariyah and syamsiyah using machine learning technology with a classification approach. This research uses the Naive Bayes algorithm to classify idghom qomariyah and syamsiyah in Al-Quran text documents. Based on experimental results using 82,173 text data, Naive Bayes was able to classify idgham qomariyah and syamsiyah with an accuracy rate of 96,80%.
OHYEAH AT VLSP2022-EVJVQA CHALLENGE: A JOINTLY LANGUAGE-IMAGE MODEL FOR MULTILINGUAL VISUAL QUESTION ANSWERING
Authors: Ngo Dinh Luan , Le Ngoc Hieu , Quoc Phan Long
Published: December 2023

Multilingual Visual Question Answering (mVQA) is an extremely challenging task which needs to answer a question given in different languages and take the context in an image. This problem can only be addressed by the combination of Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision. In this paper, we propose applying a jointly developed model to the task of multilingual visual question answering. Specifically, we conduct experiments on a multimodal sequence-to-sequence transformer model derived from the T5 encoder-decoder architecture. Text tokens and Vision Transformer (ViT) dense image embeddings are inputs to an encoder then we used a decoder to automatically anticipate discrete text tokens. We achieved the F1-score of 0.4349 on the private test set and ranked 2nd in the EVJVQA task at the VLSP shared task 2022. For reproducing the result, the code can be found at https://github.com/DinhLuan14/VLSP2022-VQA-OhYeah
EXISTENCE RESULTS AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF FULLY FOURTH ORDER NONLINEAR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Quang A Dang , Huong Nguyen Thanh
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider a boundary value problem for a fully fourth-order nonlinear functional differential equation which contains all lower derivatives of proportional delay arguments.By the reduction of the problem to operator equation for the right-hand side nonlinear function, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution and construct iterative methods on both continuous and discrete levels for solving it. We obtain the total error estimate for the discrete iterative solution. Many examples demonstrate the validity of the obtained theoretical results and the efficiency of the numerical method.
PROSPECTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS ROMANIA, MOLDOVA AND POLAND
Authors: BAL O. , BOLZHELARSKYI Ya. , BABYAK M. , TERESHCHAK Yu. , SOLODIAK L.
Published: December 2023

Goal. Determination of prospects for the development of railway transport infrastructure of Ukraine in the direction of Romania, Moldova and Poland, with an emphasis on improving export indicators, transit connections and promoting the economic growth of the regions. The problem becomes especially relevant in the context of modern challenges of global trade for effective regional development. Method. During the research, the following methods were used: SWOT analysis, cost-benefit analysis, risk analysis, competitiveness analysis, and environmental impact assessment, which made it possible to evaluate the key aspects of strategic planning for the successful integration of the new 1435 mm railway network in Ukraine, its interaction with the existing 1520 mm and the formation of the TEN-T integrated railway system in Ukraine. In particular, the research uses these methods of analysis and planning for a detailed study of the possibilities of railway connections and other transport networks in the direction of Romania, Moldova and Poland and the formation of proposals for improving transit connections of railway networks in the regions. The results. Specific initiatives and projects for the development and modernization of the infrastructure of certain regions were presented and substantiated, and an assessment of these measures was made. The importance of technical compatibility with European standards and the transition to European approaches in matters of safety in order to improve the competitiveness and efficiency of railway transport are highlighted. The article recommends modernization of infrastructure, standardization of rolling stock, development of terminals to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian railway routes for cargo export. Scientific novelty. Application of international methodology and best practices for solving problems of infrastructural development in the international context. Consideration of aspects of cross-border cooperation between countries to achieve synergy and mutual benefits. Practical significance. Providing recommendations for government structures and international organizations to make informed decisions about investments in transport infrastructure. Ensuring stable and attractive conditions for business through the improvement of transit routes and services.

This article is aimed at solving the current problems of infrastructural development in the region and has scientific value due to the use of advanced methods and international standards in research. At the same time, it provides practical recommendations for the implementation of specific projects and strategies for improving the transport infrastructure in the specified direction.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOGISTICS SCHEME FOR CROSSING THE BORDER WITH THE EU BY TRAILER TRAINS WHEN TRANSPORTING GRAIN GROUP LOADS
Authors: BEREZOVYI M. , MALASHKIN V. , BORYCHEVA S. , LAUSHNIK S. , RADZHAPOVA I.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. One of the problems that arises when crossing the land border with the EU countries by rail or road, when transporting grain cargo, is the need for phytosanitary control. It involves taking samples of cargo and performing laboratory analyzes. Customs clearance of cargo without this procedure is impossible in Ukraine. The need for phytosanitary inspection of grain cargo after crossing the border is a requirement of EU legislation for import or transit through the territory of these countries. The organization of combined transportation of grain cargo in interstate traffic in transit through Eastern European countries towards seaports is certainly an urgent task. This is confirmed by the redistribution of grain exports with an increasing share of these cargoes moving through western crossings. The organization of combined containerized transportation is conditioned by the limited processing capacity of transshipment points and railcar change points at border stations. The purpose of this article is to build a logistics chain for crossing the border by container trains running from Khyriv station of the regional branch of Lviv Railway to Przemysl-Bakonczyce station of Polish State Railways, subject to preliminary phytosanitary control directly at Khyriv station under the control of the Polish side. The article also solves the problem of building a train schedule with the coordination of the duration and schedule of working hours of the locomotive crews of the freight locomotives of the Polish State Railways at Medyka or Przemyśl stations. Methods. Methods of production process control and methods of schedule theory were used. Findings. The sequence and duration of technological operations performed at the Khyriv station, which are 1.2 hours, provided that cars are ready for departure in an amount sufficient to fill all train platforms, have been developed. The consumption of locomotive hours for running a counter-railer train between the initial and final stations is calculated, which is 4.7 hours. It is established that during a 12-hour work shift of the locomotive crew of Polish State Railways, two trains can be serviced with a departure interval between them in the range of 5...7 hours. Practical value. The results of this work can be used in the development and construction of schedules for the movement of container trains in cross-border traffic.
Social Mobility in the Western Roman Empire under Julian the Apostate
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Zaitseva Evgeniia Sergeevna
Published: December 2023

Tis article analyses several aspects of the administrative policy of Julian the Apostate in the western half of the Roman Empire (first as the сaesar under Constantius II, from 355 to 360 AD, and then as the augustus from 361 to 363). Taking the narrative, legislative, and epigraphic sources, analysed with the prosopographic method, into account, the author explores the relationship of Caesar Julian with the elites of the West and the features of social mobility in the West under Julian as independent ruler after 361. The author has run to conclusion that Julian the Apostate’s administrative policy in the promotion to senior positions divided into several stages. At the first stage, Julian tried just to strengthen his own position and not changed the existing order. In this period, he had to accept the orders from his cousin Constantius II. The second stage was under the preparation for the war with Constantius II, when Julian changed the military and civilian elite. In the third period, Julian tried to legitimize his power and reach an agreement with the Roman Senate. In social terms, most of Julian’s appointees were the “new people,” or the officials, persons of liberal professions, and military men of barbarian origin. The religion of the appointees did not matter. The suggestion of the Gauls dominating among Julian’s appointees does not work.
To the Source Studies of the Byzantine Accounts of the Spiritual Centers in Palestine
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bibikov Mikhail Vadimovich
Published: December 2023

The review of the sources includes the characteristics of such literary monuments as the texts of the Holy Scripture of the Septuagint, sermons, spiritual hymns, and hagiography. The main documental evidences are represented by the Notitia episcopatuum, Synodal acts, canons and decisions, Typika of monasteries, account of the churches, abbeys and nunneries in Christian East. In Christian Byzantium, Jerusalem became the main destination of pilgrims. Many monasteries were built by the monks from Georgia who lived in Palestine. In the countries neighbouring to Palestine there was active monastic building in Byzantine Syria, as well as in the area of ancient monastic formations, Egypt. Therefore, there appeared the picture of energetic monastic building in the Holy Land, which is accounted to by documents, such as various Notitia, as well as the statutes and the journals of pilgrims and travellers. Although not all the monasteries existed for long due to devastating raids of Bedouins, Muslims, and crusaders, many of them were renovated from the ashes to continue servicing to these days. From that time on, Byzantine geographical literature went outside purely literary borrowings from the classical heritage and the environment of theoretical-mathematical and astronomical treatises to the practice of actual travels and pilgrimages. Although the latter kept their importance in all the periods of Byzantine literature, from the Christian topography of Kosmas In- dikopleustes to the ethno-geographical excursions in the History of Nikephoros Grigoras.
Early Byzantine Fortification Buildings on the Eastern Side of the Plateau of Eski-Kermen
Authors:   Institute of Archeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aibabin Aleksandr Il’ich
Published: December 2023

The eastern fortification complex of Eski-Kermen consists of a defensive wall between towers IV and VI, towers V and VI, the eastern entrance to the city, a fortress granary, and a siege well. The cave rooms of the towers are cut into 30–44-meter-high rocky promontories protruding from the eastern façade of the plateau. According to N. I. Repnikov, the Goths built the castle atop the plateau of Eski-Kermen in the late fifth century. A. A. Vasiliev, A. L. Yakobson, and M. A. Tikhanova considered that the Eski-Kermen defensive complex, along with other the fortifications of the limes Tauricus, was created in the sixth century to protect the land of Dory from nomads, according to the order of Justinian I. In E. V. Veimarn’s view, the castle appeared in the late fifth century in the course of development of feudal relations among the local Scythian and Sarmatian populations. In contrast to N. I. Repnikov’s and E. V. Veimarn’s interpretations, the fortifications considered in this article show nothing comparable to the Gothic or Taurian techniques of building. It is quite obvious that the castle on the plateau was designed and erected according to a project of an experienced Byzantine military engineer. The date of the construction of the castle is determined by a complex of ceramic ware uncovered in 2006–2007 by the excavations of the layer which developed when the eastern defensive wall had been erected. The construction of the wall and, therefore, the creation of the castle was simultaneous with the age of Emperor Maurice (582–602).
Social Portrait of the Christian Elite of Western Alania According to the Materials of the Excavations of the Middle Zelenchuk Church
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chkhaidze Victor Nikolaevich , Druzhinina nga Alexandrovna ,   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

From 2018 on, the Nizhny Arkhyz Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and the U. D. Aliev Karachay-Cherkessia State University has been conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary research at the ancient Nizhny Arkhyz (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), located on the site of a mediaeval town which was the capital of Western Alania from the tenth to early thirteen century. One of the main objects of the research is the tenth-century Middle Zelenchuk Church and its cemetery from the tenth to thirteen centuries. The works of the expedition resulted in the unique archaeological and paleoanthropological materials, particularly from all the burial assemblages that survived in the inner space of the church; these undoubtedly belonged to the representatives of the nobility of this mediaeval Christian polity. First time in the history of studying the capital of mediaeval Alania, the analysis of these materials by methods of archaeology, anthropology, and natural sciences complex provided an opportunity for a closer examination of the daily life of its population, the social, demographic, professional composition of various urban strata, and the private life of the residents of Nizhny Arkhyz. This article reflects the most striking results of researches of the social portrait of the secular elite of Western Alania, which concern the ethno-cultural composition of this social stratum of the urban population, the quality of its life, funeral traditions, and the reconstruction of individual episodes of the life of a representative of the tenth-century professional military class, who was honoured with the burial in one of the most venerated churches of Alania.
Chronological Data in John Skylitzes’ Synopsis of Histories
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Kuzenkov Pavel Vladislavovich
Published: December 2023

The Synopsis of Histories of John Skylitzes is one of the most important sources on the history of Byzantium in the tenth and eleventh centuries. By its nature, it is a compilation of many works of other authors. In view of the fact that most of these writings have not been preserved, a great part of Skylitzes’ book is significant as a primary source. The author’s working method can be revealed by comparison with the only main source of the Synopsis that survived, the so-called Continuator of Theophanes. This article analyzes all the dated events in the work of Skylitzes, compares them with his sources, and draws conclusions about the specifics of his approach to chronology. In general, John Skylitzes, as a chronicler, stands head and shoulders above other known Byzantine authors from the tenth and eleventh century; however, his “systematic” approach to the material does not save him from errors and hyper- corrections, which makes us cautious about the chronological and other information he reports. The account of the Synopsis of Histories is of great importance for the history of Byzantine chronology.
Another Early Evidence of the Rus’?
Authors:   HSE University, Vinogradov Andrey Yurievich
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the question of the ethnonym Ῥουσ- in the Byzantine literature, attested in the tenth and eleventh centuries, either as part of an adjective, or in sources under Rus’ian influence, and then disappearing until the fifteenth century. In this connec- tion, the question arises whether the ethnonym Ῥούσιος actually existed, as documented by Liutprand of Cremona, but could be explained as an influence of the Latin language. The readers’ attention is drawn to the ethnonym Ῥούσιοι in the list of the peoples conquered by Alexander the Great, known in two manuscripts of the edition γ of the Greek Alexander Romance. Despite the presence of a number of fantastic peoples in this list, Ῥούσιοι were the real “barbarians” and, along with Χουνάβιοι, belonged to the source’s latest layer, dating from the tenth century. Several arguments make it necessary to identify them with Rus’. Thus, the first evidence of the ethnonym Ῥούσιοι appears on purely Greek soil, as well as the possibility to date this list of peoples. However, the use of the early ethnonym Ῥούσιοι allows the one to date to the period before the twelfth century this list of peoples from the edition γ of the Greek “Alexander Romance,” the earliest manuscripts of which date back to the fourteenth century.
Rus’ian Book-Cover Plaque in Byzantine Sougdaia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maiko Vadim Vladislavovich
Published: December 2023

This article has analyzed one of the most studied finds from mediaeval Sougdaia, which was discovered by archaeological researches. The artefact in question was published twice, both times with erroneous attribution. Nevertheless, the analysis of the materials excavated at Rus’ian sites allows its undoubtful attribution as a drobnitsa, or book-cover plaque, which dates, according to clear archaeological context, from the late tenth to the first half of eleventh century. Interesting enough, such finds are rather rare in Rus’ian sites. The reasons why it found its way to Sougdaia remain unclear. It is safe to say only that it was a part of the grave goods of a person interred in a Christian burial vault. Unfortunately, the extremely bad preservation of the skeletons and the intermixed finds did not allow the one to determine the full composition of the grave goods to be related with a specific skeleton. However, the discovery of the book-cover plaque and other Rus’ian finds in recent years allows to expand our notion of the Rus’ian imports in Byzantine Sougdaia. Formerly, the Sougdaia finds comprised only of a set of artefacts (spindle whorls, bracelets, Christian cult artefacts, and a neck-ring of the Kiev type) typical of a large city that established close economic ties with Rus’. However, in view of the finds of ceramic fragments featuring Rus’ian inscriptions, the seals of the princes of Tmutorokan, and such an important and rare object as the book-cover plaque, there are reasons to resume the discussion on the political status of the Eastern Crimea in the age of the climax of the Principality of Tmutorokan.
Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Thimbles from the Town on the Plateau of Eski-Kermen
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khairedinova Elzara Aiderovna
Published: December 2023

This article publishes the thimbles of bone, horn, and bronze alloys excavated on the plateau of Eski-Kermen in the quarters that perished in a fire from the late thirteenth century, and in the graves of the fourteenth-century cemetery located in front of the main basilica. According to the material and form, there are reasons to divide the finds into five types. Judging by the finds from the quarters, the thirteenth-century residents of the town on the Eski-Kermen plateau used bone or horn thimbles of type 1, as well as bronze plate or cast thimbles of types 2–1, 2–2 and 3. Bone thimbles were probably produced by local artisans, and bronze products were most likely imported from Cherson, which established close economic ties with the inhabitants of the town on the Eski-Kermen plateau. In the fourteenth century, there appeared brass-stamped closed thimbles of small diameter, with a hemispherical upper part, of types 4 and 5, which could be worn only on the finger-tip. Similar thimbles were found in the prince’s palace in Mangup and in the castle of Chembalo. Perhaps the residents of the “cave towns” obtained these goods from the trade with the Genoese. The presence of thimbles in dwelling houses makes a clear illustration of the written accounts that needlework was among the main occupations of Byzantine women. It is known that the landladies, along with textile manufacture, often had to sew and repair clothes. In the fourteenth century, the residents of the town on the Eski-Kermen plateau often buried dead women accompanied with thimbles used during their lifetime. Apparently, the thimble was not only necessary in a woman’s daily life, but also had a certain symbolic meaning.
On the Coin Circulation in the South-Western Taurica in the Late Byzantine Period: A Few New Numismatic Rarities
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alekseienko Nikolai Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2023

The specifics of the monetary circulation of the Taurica during the classical Middle Ages are well known to modern specialists in Byzantine numismatics. It is characterized by the diversity of the money market and a wide variety of issuers. There appeared new discoveries expanding the geography and direction of the Crimean numismatic monuments from the Late Byzantine Period and replenishing them with important information. Among the numismatic finds from the period when the Byzantine Empire collapsed and, later, restored, there are local issues along with, so to speak, the money “brought from across the sea,” which circulated in the markets of the Taurica in this or that way. The coins in question comprised of the money minted by the Empires of Trebizond and Nicaea, Crusader states, and renovated Byzantium. Today, the said interpretation gets extra support from the finds to be introduced into the scholarship: the coins of Megaloi Komnenoi, such as a follaro of John III (1342–1344) and aspri of Manuel III (1390–1417) and John IV (1446–1458); a hyperpyron nomisma of Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes (1222–1254) of Nicaea; a denier tournois of Doux Guillaume (William) I de la Roche (1280–1287) of Athens; a denaro tornese minted by the Genoese government of Chios in 1477–1487; a copper tetarteron of Andronikos II Palaiologos (1282–1328); and some other finds. These new coins are important evidence of trade and economic relations of the south-western Taurica with the regions of the Southern Black Sea, the Balkans and the Mediterranean and an impressive illustration of the administrative and political processes in the Black Sea area in Late Byzantine Period.
Shipping Communities in a Mediaeval Thalassopolis (Caffa from the Thirteenth to Fifteenth Century)
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Emanov Aleksandr Georgievich
Published: December 2023

This article explores the phenomenon of shipping communities and the development of various forms of micro-spatial group identification among the sailors in the Pre-Modern world. The key research method is the heterotopia. From the late thirteenth century on, the port of Caffa possessed more than 100 large and medium vessels, each forming separate movable space which circulated between Caffa and the ports in the Black, Azov, Marmora, and Mediterranean Seas, and housing 12 to 200 sailors. The initial principle in the universal identity was the type of the ship. Her image was sometimes a marker of micro-group and individual identity. When the ship type was shown, there was need in clarifying descriptors. The most common form of identification covering two thirds of the vessels was attribution by the name of patron or owner who possessed the decisive share of the ship’s property. The patron’s naval jack and coat of arms were the identification markers of himself and the entire ship’s crew. The second of importance identification form that spread on one-third of the ships was vessel’s name by her patron saint. Here the identity marker was the saint’s icon on the ship altar, sometimes its duplicate on a foremast sail, and personal icons of the sailors. Finally, the third form was the naming of ship by moral and ethical values as a kind of motto.
Mistra as alterum Byzantium
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kushch Tatiana Viktorovna
Published: December 2023

This research addresses the history of Mistra, which in the Late Byzantine Period was the capital of the Despotate of Morea and the Byzantine stronghold in the Peloponnesos. The historians have interpreted Mistra, which appeared in the thirteenth century, as one of the “new cities/towns,” which shaped with no concern to classical architectural tradition. The feature of historical development of Mistra was determined by its position at a distance from the seacoast combined with the natural landscape factor, as the city appeared at a hillside. This influenced the city-planning regulations, the nature of the private and public urban buildings, and the architectural features. Nevertheless, the city appearance shaped under the influence of the Byzantine capital. A considerable role in the history of Mistra was played by a great degree of autonomy of the despotai of the Morea from Constantinople. Mistra primarily was the administrative centre, where the despotai created their own court and a team of officials following the parallels with the imperial capital. From the second half of the fourteenth century on, Mistra’s status of cultural capital of the empire rivalled that of Constantinople. The climax of sciences and intellectual surge in Mistra, combined with the latter’s growing political importance, made it alterum Byzantium (“Second Constantinople”). Similarly to the capital, Mistra embodied the “imperial idea,” which was realized in the definite court hierarchy, glittering palace, rich urban buildings, and cultural superiority.
Mustafa Celebi vs Murad II: The Interference of Byzantium in the Dynastic Feuds of the Ottomans
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Zhigalova Natal’ia Eduardovna
Published: December 2023

This article researches political activities of the son of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I (1389–1402) Mustafa Celebi, supported by the Byzantine Emperors Manuel II and John VIII Palaiologoi in the internecine war with Sultan Murad II (1421–1444, 1446–1451). The materials of Byzantine, Ottoman, and Venetian sources provide the background to analyze the degree of participation of the Byzantine basilei in the intradynastic affairs of the Ottomans, the reasons leading to the Byzantine support for Mustafa, and the consequences of the Ottoman internecine war for the Byzantine state. The study undertaken has discovered that the priority direction of Byzantine policy in the first quarter of the fifteenth century was to weaken the Ottoman house. To this end, Byzantine basilei actively intervened in the dynastic feuds of the Ottomans, supporting one of the candidates for the Ottoman throne, and used the Ottoman princes who were at the Byzantine court to influence the internal affairs of the Ottoman state. Byzantine emperors’ fragile alliance with one of the contenders for the Ottoman throne Mustafa Celebi, who was defeated in the intra-dynastic struggle with Sultan Murad II, not only did not bring significant dividends to the empire, but also aggravated the conflict between the imperial house and the sultan, which led to a new stage of Ottoman expansion into the Byzantine lands.
Varieties of Temporalization
Authors: Cardoso Jr. Hélio Rebello
Published: December 2023

This article calls attention to the outstanding conceptual work related to time that the historical research and writing imply. The starting point is an overview of the disciplines dedicated to time studies in the recent theory of history: the metaphysics of natural time, the (classical and the new) metaphysics of historical time, the regimes of historicity, and the historiographical regimes. According to these disciplines, four varieties of temporalization, with which historians have been dealing currently, are categorized and discussed: the chronological-historical, the substantive, the quasi-substantive, and the historically experienced temporalization (and its narrative representation). This categorial structure, specially the quasi-substantive temporalization, assigns epistemic unity to the so-called new metaphysics of time and allows the classification of time-based concepts which are instrumentalized by historians. In order to demonstrate the consistency of the categories that this article proposes, some concepts concerning Koselleck’s theory of time (nature-like patterns of repetition, diachronic-synchronic layers of time, contemporaneity of the noncontemporaneous) will be studied as cases that illustrate the way a theorist combines different temporalizations to conceive of a theory of historical time that deals with the treatment of the temporal experience and the writing of history which integrate historians’ practice.
Formas de repensar e experimentar a temporalização do tempo e regimes historiográficos
Authors: Ramos André , Hartog François , Cezar Temístocles , Rodrigues Thamara
Published: December 2023

Apresentação do dossiê.
The Digitalisation of Social Capital: “Conspicuous Consumption on Instagram”
Authors: NEVZAT Raziye , REBGE Süleyman , MİŞ Çise , AYKOL Zeki , AWWAL Aliyu
Published: December 2023

Jean Baudrillard states, the theoretical equivalence of body and objects as signs is actually, ‘buy; you will be at peace with yourself’(Baudrillard, 2014). Baudrillard’s phrase ‘buy, and you will be at ease in your body’ has given way to ‘buy and share, you will be at ease in your body’. This research aims to investigate whether displaying purchased luxury goods on Instagram is a type of conspicuous consumption (Veblen, 1899) that may structure a new form of social capital and reputation capital as suggested by Pierre Bourdieu. We argue that this new form of social capital is a digital capital that serves to shape a contemporary reputation capital. The study involves 354 social media users and the data were gathered through an online survey. Our findings reveal that there is insufficient evidence of a relationship between high reputation capital and high social status; however, the aforementioned consumption type depicts reputation capital as a contemporary method of social capital.
Dehumanizations in Political Cartoons: A Case Study on the Jews in Turkiye Between 1930-1945
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİ Nigar , TUNÇER Ç. P.
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the use of dehumanization techniques in political cartoons published in Türkiye between 1930-1945. For this purpose, different types of dehumanization were examined primarily in the conceptual and theoretical framework. Then, five cartoons selected by the purposive sampling method were subjected to semiotics and critical discourse analysis. At the end of the study, it is seen that different types of dehumanization are found in cartoons. However, while dehumanization with a message of genocide was used for the Japanese in the cartoons in America or for the Jews in the cartoons in Germany in this period, it is understood that the dehumanization in these cartoons in Türkiye emerged mostly in the form of scapegoats for the economic and other problems experienced.
Sosyal Medyanın Gündelik Varoluşa Etkisine Dair Eleştirel Bir Analiz: Sonsuz Dikkat Dağınıklığı
Authors: KARAASLAN Serpil
Published: December 2023

Eleştirel teori, hâkim ideolojinin düşüncemizi nasıl şekillendirdiğini açıklamak için yüzünü kültüre döner. Medya kültürünün yükselip gündelik yaşamda hissedilir bir etkiye sahip olduğu bir dönemde, eleştirel teori temsilcileri kitlesel medya ile yaşam dahil olan kültürel üretimleri, endüstriyel seri üretim ürünlerinin analizindeki benzer kavramlara- metalaştırma, standardizasyon ve kitleselleştirme vb. – başvurarak analiz etmişlerdir. Onlara göre, film, popüler müzik, radyo, televizyon ve diğer kitle kültürü biçimleri politikanın, eleştirel düşüncenin kapsamını sınırlandırmaktaydı. Sonsuz Dikkat Dağınıklığı: Gündelik Yaşam Sosyal Medyaya Odaklanmak eserinde Dominic Pettman de aynı eleştirel çizgide günümüzün hâkim medyası haline gelmiş ve farklı seslerin aralıksız akışı ile dikkat dağıtıcı sosyal medyanın sosyal, politik, kültürel ve psikolojik açıdan etkilerine odaklanmaktadır.
Batı'ya Açılan Pencereden Akad'ın Kadrajına: Avrupa Sinema Geleneği ve Kültürel Yatkınlıklar Bağlamında Lütfi Akad'ın Auteur Kimliğinin Analizi
Authors: ÇELİK Tülay
Published: December 2023

Bu makale, Türk sinema tarihinin öncü figürü ve ilk auteur'lerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Lütfi Akad'ın Avrupa geleneği ile ilişkisini Pierre Bourdieu'nün kültürel sermaye ve habitus kavramlarından yararlanarak anlamaya çalışır. Yeşilçamlı bir auteur olarak Akad'ın kendine özgü koşullarını değerlendirebileceğimiz bir yöntem çerçevesi çizer. Bu çerçeve, yönetmenin kişiliğine odaklanırken kökensel, sosyal ve kültürel bağlamını da analiz etmemize imkân veren auteur eleştirisi üzerinden şekillenir. İki yönlü bir değerlendirme yapmayı amaçlayan makalenin ilk bölümünde Akad'ın sinematografisini, anlatısal özelliklerini ve Yeşilçam'daki film pratiğini inceleyen çalışmalar Avrupa sinema geleneği çerçevesinde yorumlanır. Bu bölümde öne çıkan nitelikler, Avrupa sanat sineması paradigmasıyla ve auteur sinema yaklaşımıyla uyumludur. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümü, Akad'ın yetiştiği sosyal ve kültürel çevrenin onun auteur kimliği üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koyar. Buna göre, Batıya açılan pencere olarak tanımlanan ve modernleşme sürecinde önemli bir role sahip olan Galatasaray Lisesinde 1930-1939 yılları arasında aldığı eğitim, Akad'ın önemli bir kültürel sermaye edinmesini sağlar. İçinde bulunduğu ortam ve koşullar sinemayı bir sanat pratiği olarak görmesine ve modernist estetik bağlama eklemlenmesine imkân verir. Avrupa sinema geleneği ve zihniyet dünyası ile olan yakınlığı, piyasa kurallarına ve politik ortamın taleplerine karşı kendi sinema arayışını sürdürmesinde ve bir yönetmen olarak öncü adımlar atmasında etkili olur.
‘Aşıkların Yuvası, Sinemanın Locası’: Sinema Mekânlarının İçsel Ayrımlarından Biri Olarak Locaya ve Locanın İşlevlerine Tarihsel Bir Bakış
Authors: ÇAM Aydın
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmayla, sinema ve mekânsallık ilişkisinden hareketle sinema mekânlarının içsel ayrımlarına dair önermeler merkeze alınarak bu mekânsal ayrımlardan ekonomik, kültürel ve toplumsal olarak en belirgini ve en çok tartışılanı, yani loca ve onun tarihsel dönüşümleri araştırılmaktadır. Ulusal sinema tarihimizin ilk yıllarından, locaların Anadolu’daki açık hava sinemalarında kullanılmaya devam ettiği 1980’lerin sonuna kadar olan geniş dönemi kapsayan bu çalışmayı gerçekleştirmek için otobiyografilerden, hatıralardan, edebiyat eserlerinden, mizah dergilerinden, gazete arşivlerinden, filmlerden ve şarkılardan yararlanılmıştır. Bununla beraber İstanbul dışındaki şehirlerin sinemalarından loca manzaraları için Adana’da gerçekleştirilen sözlü tarih çalışmalarından ve diğer Anadolu kentlerinde yapılan araştırmalardan faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada, tiyatro geleneğinden devralınan mekânlar olarak locaların öncelikle sınıfsal nedenlerle tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Ama localara olan talebin tek nedeni üst sınıfa ve protokole dahil olmayı istemek değildir. Sinema salonları, özellikle de localar bir mekân olarak, içeri giren herkese kaçışçı hazlar vaat eder. Kimi zaman salonların mimarisi, kapalılığı ve film gösterim pratiklerinin dinamikleri, dışarıda yaşanamayan bazı hazların bu mekânlarda yaşanmasına olanak sağlar. Bu durum sadece İstanbul sinemalarına özgü değildir; Anadolu sinemalarında da görülmektedir. Tek perdeli büyük salondan oluşan sinemaların birkaç küçük salona bölünerek komplekslere dönüşmesiyle beraber, paradi, parter veya balkonlar gibi, localar da tarihe karışır. Buna karşın günümüzde küçük salonlarda ikili koltuk ve kanepeler ayrım yaratmaya devam etmektedir.