bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topologisk poetik i Viktor Šklovskijs Prosateorien
Authors: Kluge Sofie
Published: October 2018

Though not explicitly addressed as such, the literary topos plays a crucial role in Russian literary theorist Victor Shklovsky’s Theory of Prose (1925). On the backdrop of a critical discussion of the ‘symbolist’ conception of literature and of the ‘ethnographical school’s’ exploration of literary motifs, Shklovsky here presents what can be understood as a genuine topological poetics: A poetics bent on the ‘formulaic’ as quintessential literary device. Rather than a figuration of the author’s ideas literary images are, according to Shklovsky, conventional formulas that circulate in language. Rather than collective commemorations of original customs literary motifs exhibit literature’s revitalization of ‘automatized’ language. Thus redefined as topoi in this most basic sense – as commonplaces or repetitions of existing forms – literary images and motifs become key to understanding ‘literariness’ itself as a redeeming ‘estrangement’ of dead language forms and to conceptualizing literary history as a chain of successive estrangements. Qualifying the topos as self-referential, estranging device, Theory of Prose thus presents an original if also thought-provoking contribution to topology. However, it ultimately rest on a today questionable literary philosophical premise: The idea of literature as a privileged discursive space where the lost ideality of the life-world is recreated.
Motiv og kontekst
Authors: Jørgensen Jens Lohfert
Published: October 2018

This article deals with the properties and functions of the literary motif in relation to the text’s context. One tendency in present-day literary historiography is a growing scepticism towards contextualism. It takes its point of departure in a wish, on the critic’s part, to engage more actively with the text than a focus on its contexts allows. In the first part of the article, I present two concrete instances of this scepticism. In opposition to it, I defend contextualism – in the specific form of a historiographical practice that is able not only to make literary works more comprehensible to us, but also to make them more strange. I discuss Quentin Skinner’s formulation of this idea in the article’s second part. The article’s main thesis is that is by focusing on motifs, rather than themes, that we can verbalize the historical strangeness of literature. In the third part of the article, I discuss the motif’s ability to relate to the text’s context, drawing on the work done of Jesper Gulddal, Ernst Robert Curtius and Erich Auerbach. In the article’s fourth part, I relate my reflections on the relation between motif and context to the motif of bacteria in Danish literature. In three short readings of texts by Johannes V. Jensen, Villy Sørensen and Bjørn Rasmussen, I demonstrate how a focus on the motif at the same time promotes a synchronic perspective on the texts’ relation to their contexts, and a diachronic perspective on their mutual similarities and differences.
Afbrydelsens kronotopi i britisk litteratur, 1840-1870
Authors: Damkjær Maria
Published: October 2018

Bakhtin’s chronotope is not only a meeting between time and space, but often also a meeting between a number of contrasting temporalities. This article discusses the topos of domestic interruption, which lays bare the temporal politics of the nineteenth-century middle-class home. It was a commonplace in the nineteenth century that women’s time in the home was interruptible and porous. When Victorian writers described everyday interruptions, they showed the contrast between plot time and an underlying marginalised domestic time. In an analysis of Elizabeth Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters (1864-1866), combined with a new historicist reading of Victorian advice literature, this article argues that narrative marginalisation was paradoxically a viable strategy for showing an otherwise invisible temporality. In the background, peeping out whenever the plot interrupts, is an enduring and ongoing time, mediated by unnamed and underrepresented servants, that gives the middle-class home temporal depth and realism.
”Jeg er købmand og ikke filosof”: Sex, handel og venskab mellem kristne og muslimer i Boccaccios Decameron
Authors: Lausten Pia Schwarz
Published: October 2018

This article investigates the function of trade in the representation of Muslims and Islamic culture in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron (1348-52). It is argued that trade establishes friendly contacts across religious and cultural differences, that the image of Muslims is less condemning than is case of Boccaccio’s contemporaries Dante and Petrarch, and that the Oriental world is represented as a place in which the Christians become rich and successful. Sometimes the Muslim world is indirectly represented as a place from which a critical view of Europe can be thrown. The article analyses two stories in particular: the second day’s seventh story about Saracen princess Alatiel who, despite having had sex ten thousand times with eight lovers, successfully presents herself to the King of the Algarve as his virgin bride, and the seventh day’s ninth story about Zinevra who escapes from her revengeful husband and travels to Aleksandria disguised as a male merchant. In different ways the stories merge sexual and trade logic. Boccaccio’s stories are not considered as realistic sources to get knowledge about the medieval world, but the article argues that geographical references to medieval trade centres and routes show that the stories are influenced by the merchant culture thematically and structurally.
Mennesket som handelsvare: Slaverikritikkens æstetik og økonomi hos Jean-François de Saint-Lambert og Pierre Samuel Du Pont
Authors: Kjærgård Jonas Ross
Published: October 2018

Jonas Ross Kjærgård. Adjunkt i Litteraturhistorie, Aarhus Universitet. Han har skrevet en litteraturhistorisk ph.d.-afhandling om sammenhængen mellem lykke og menneskerettigheder i årene op til og under Den Franske Revolution og arbejder pt. på et projekt om den haitianske revolutions litteraturhistorie i Frankrig, Tyskland, USA og Haiti i årene 1791-1859.
Celler til salg: Kunstneriske fortolkninger af vævsøkonomier
Authors: Leth-Espensen Pernille
Published: October 2018

An extensive circulation of human tissue is taking place in our society today: blood, organs, reproductive tissue (eggs and semen), and cell lines. This circulation and commercialisation is thematised by a range of contemporary artists, who create artworks with cell and tissue culture technologies. The artist Alicia King has bought Hs 53.T cells from the cell bank ATCC (The American Type Culture Collection) and created a monument around this cell line. These cells originate from a 13-year old Afro-American girl, and the cell sample was taken in 1969. The artist Chrissy Conant uses her own tissue. She has ’harvested’ 12 of her own eggs at a fertility clinic, preserved them in glass jars with a lid inspired by caviar packaging, and put them for sale at $250.000. In the article it is argued that the artworks address the commercialisation of human tissue by pointing out or make visible technologies or processes that are unknown to the broader public or which have become naturalised – rather than by having a specific political agenda. King thematises the commodification of human tissue by moving the cells from the anonymity of the cell bank, while Conant addresses the increasing commodification of reproductive tissue by literally packaging and branding her own bodily tissue as a luxury product.
CELLER TIL SALG: KUNSTNERISKE FORTOLKNINGER AF VÆVSØKONOMIER
Authors: Leth-Espensen Pernille
Published: October 2018

CELLS FOR SALE: ARTISTIC INTERPRETATIONS OF TISSUE ECONOMIES

An extensive circulation of human tissue is taking place in our society today: blood, organs, reproductive tissue (eggs and semen), and cell lines. This circulation and commercialisation is thematised by a range of contemporary artists, who creates artworks with cell and tissue culture technologies. The artist Alicia King has bought Hs 53.T cells from the cell bank ATCC (The American Type Culture Collection) and created a monument around this cell line. These cells originate from a 13-year old Afro-American girl, and the cell sample was taken in 1969. The artist Chrissy Conant instead uses her own tissue. She has ’harvested’ 12 of her own eggs at a fertility clinic, preserved them in glass jars with a lid inspired by caviar packaging, and put them for sale at $250.000. In the article it is argued that the artworks address the commercial relations in cell and tissue culture technologies by making visible technologies or processes that are unknown to the broader public or through a strategy of exaggeration.
Klagesangen over skammens død
Authors: Locke Jill
Published: October 2018

Denne bog handler om et fænomen, jeg kalder Klagesangen over skammens død. Klagesangen er en nostalgisk historie om en fiktiv fortid, der repræsenterer en længsel efter myternes sted og tid, hvor skam sikrede og regulerede det sociale liv. Den fungerer som en fortælling om civilisationens forfald, der udtrykker en frygt for ubundne, autoktone, selvskabende og selvbekræftende subjekter, der forvolder ødelæggelse af den sociale orden og status quo. Disse subjekter benævnes og disciplineres som ”skamløse” trusler, der drives af et uhæmmet og ureguleret begær efter at tilfredsstille deres egne behov uden noget hensyn til andre. De beskrives som blottet for refleksion, dømmekraft og respekt for andre, og de karakteriseres som naturkræfter – brusende floder eller det stormfulde hav, der har brug for civilisationens diger, dæmninger og kanaler til at inddæmme deres uovervejede og uciviliserede drifter og lidenskaber.
Arvesyndens politiske økonomi: Fra Søren Kierkegaard til Roswitha Scholz
Authors: Routhier Dominique
Published: October 2018

Debt—as it has been frequently noted—seems inextricably tied, semantically as well as historically, to the notion of guilt. Less attention, however, has been paid to the Christian origin of this guilt complex in the doctrine of ‘the original sin’. The present article argues that Kierkegaard’s critique of the doctrine of original sin, formulated on the brink of high capitalism, can be read as a critical reflection on the uses and abuses of the concept of history to suit doctrinaire ends. Kierkegaard’s critique then, its shortcomings notwithstanding, pertains to a wider problematic concerning the ideological instrumentality of historico-philosophical myths of origin. In the history of capitalism, as Marx pointed out, the doctrine of the original sin is transposed from the sphere of religion to that of political economy, where it figures as ‘original accumulation’. Within this critical framework—and drawing on recent Marxist feminist critiques from Silvia Federici and Roswitha Scholz, respectively—the article further pursues to expose and critique the ideological default of the idea of an original accumulation.
Hvor blev én million arresterede kommunister af?´Archipel GULag II´
Authors: Medvedev Roj
Published: October 2018

Hvor blev én million arresterede kommunister af?´Archipel GULag II´
Interview med Peter Brückner
Authors: Reitan Rolf , Thau Carsten
Published: October 2018

Interview med Peter Brückner
Poetik 28: Lukács som litteraturkritiker. Om forholdet mellem Benjamin og Adorno
Authors: Giersing Morten , Mjóset Lars
Published: October 2018

Poetik 28 Morten GiersingLukács som litteraturkritiker Lars MjósetOm forholdet mellem Benjamin og Adorno
Radikalisme og humanisme - to kapitler om dansk ideologi
Authors: Madsen Peter
Published: October 2018

Radikalisme og humanisme - to kapitler om dansk ideologi
Historie og bevidsthedshistorie
Authors: Madsen Peter
Published: October 2018

Historie og bevidsthedshistorie. Om uensartethed og ideologisk hegemoni - også et bidrag til kritik af ånden fra Frankfurt
De la mise en scène de l’écoute aveugle : “Coraggi ! Ricominciamo la lettura!” 1
Authors: Pisano Giusy
Published: October 2018

Le Théâtrophone, le téléphone, le phonographe et le gramophone, reposaient sur le principe de l’écoute aveugledont les effets dramaturgiques ont été particulièrement exploités par la radio et le théâtre, mais aussi le cinéma. Ici, loin des yeux, loin des corps, les sons et les voix reproduits et transmis à travers des haut-parleurs sontdésincarnés. Lefantômede cette écoute persiste et ressurgit dans les mises en scène contemporaines où, notamment, la voix est séparée du corps et les bruits n’ont pas de décor. Elle est au travail dans les pièces de Maurice Maeterlinck (Les Aveugles,L'Intruse,Intérieur,La mort de Tintagiles), de Samuel Beckett (La dernière bande,Dis Joe,Pas moi,Berceuse,Cendres), de Carlo Emilio Gadda (Eros et Priape,Saint Georges chez les Brocchi), Ibsen (Un ennemi du peuple,Les Revenants,Solness le constructeur,Quand nous nous réveillons d’entre les morts), de Jean Tardieu (Une voix sans personne), de Marguerite Duras (L’Amante anglaise,India Song,Savannah Bay) et sans doute dans bien d’autres qui mériteraient d’être analysées sous cet angle. Ce texte présente quelques pistes pour une archéologie de la mise en scène de cette écoute particulière à travers quelques dispositifs de la fin du XIX° siècle, période cruciale, car elle recèle bon nombre d’inventions techniques.
Dispositif cartographique du son pour une scène sans bord
Authors: Quéinnec Jean-Paul
Published: October 2018

La visée ‘spatiale’ qui s’empare à la fois des allègements technologiques et des changements culturels de notre société, s’associe à la conception sonore. Les innovations en termes de dispositifs invitent les chercheurs créateurs de la scène à franchir de nouvelles frontières, et à délocaliser les lieux traditionnels de représentation vers des sites réels et virtuels à habiter.

Nicole Gingras remarque qu’un son qui habite l’espace est un son qui s’éprouve à l’égal du lieu où il se produit (2014), privilégiant une écriture scénique qui fait résonner les aspérités physiques et mémorielles de l’espace. Le dispositif théâtral s’attache alors au contexte sonore pour élargir l’écoute à des aspects apparemment extérieurs au champ dramatique de la pièce (Lelong 2007). Ce que confirme J. Sterne (2012) quand il écrit “the one who hears remains at the center of the audio environment” . Le lieu non plus seulement considéré comme le ‘cadre’ de présentation mais aussi comme une instance capable de générer l’oeuvre elle-même, prend sa ‘place’, grâce aux découvertes dans le domaine de l’acoustique. Mais ce tournant spatial du son correspond aussi à une émancipation de l’espace réel pour s’évader vers des extensions virtuelles d’expériences topographiques.

Une géoesthétique (Quiros & Imhoff 2014) qui pourrait entraîner le dispositif théâtral et sonore vers une investigation cartographique “ouverte, connectable dans toutes ses dimensions, démontable, renversable, susceptible de recevoir constamment des modifications” (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980). Inspirée du processus comme de la lecture d’une trajectoire cartographique, la dramaturgie sonore représente alors véritablement un enjeu pour faire de la scène une plate-forme variable d’interactions, remplissant plus que jamais, sa fonction sociale et culturelle de média (Larrue 2014).

Ainsi dans cet article, il s’agira d’une part, de mieux comprendre ce processus d’auralité qu’une délocalisation de la scène entraîne (notamment à travers l’approche dufield recordingqui se confronte à l’imprévisible et à l’incontrôlable) et d’autre part, de rendre compte d’une diffusion scénique et étendue (sur un plateau et par internet) à la fois performative, multimédia et intermédiale. Pour illustrer nos propos, nous nous appuierons sur deux recherches créations menées par la Chaire de recherche du Canada “Dramaturgie sonore au théâtre” :Liaisons sonores Brest/Mashteuiatsh(performance radiophonique) etCartographies de l’attente. Projets qui déploient, de leur fabrication à leur présentation, des écritures cartographiques qui ne résultent pas exclusivement des intentions de son auteur comme de la limite physique de la scène, mais dépendent aussi des stations d’écoute aléatoires et mouvantes de chaque spectateur.
Se mettre à l’écoute de l’écoute. Éthique et esthétique d’une pratique du sonore dans la création de l’oeuvre théâtrale Nous voilà rendus de la compagnie L’eau du bain
Authors: Ouellet Anne-Marie
Published: October 2018

Cet article expose les visées éthiques et poétiques d’une pratique du sonore à l’intérieur du processus de création de l’oeuvre Nous voilà rendus de la compagnie de théâtre et de performance sonore L’eau du bain. Pour ce projet, nous allons à la rencontre de personnes âgées et créons avec eux, l’événement théâtral par le biais d’un dispositif d’écoute. Si écrire c’est rompre le lien comme l’écrit Blanchot (1955), écouter pourrait être s’écarter. “Une promiscuité dans l’écoute met en relief les gouffres qui nous séparent”, écrit Michaël Lachance (2015). Dans cet article, je me propose donc d’exposer notre quête d’une scène théâtrale où l’écoute de l’écoute vient questionner et triturer le rapport entre monde extérieur et monde intérieur.
Phonemes as Modeling Devices
Authors: Danesi Marcel
Published: October 2018

The study of how sounds in language are used to create words and other linguistic structures that are imitative of some sound property of their referents comes generally under the rubric of sound symbolism theory. While it has been dismissed by various approaches to language, the empirical and anecdotal support for sound symbolism is now too massive to ignore. From the database of evidence it now makes available, various hypotheses can be formulated about originating elements in word formation and, by extension, in seemingly diverse linguistic systems. One of these is the phoneme which bears suggestive meaning in itself as a primary originating element. It is thus a “modeling device” that leads, by extension, to the derivation of larger structures of meaning. Using an adapted version of modeling systems theory as developed by the Tartu School of semiotics, this paper argues that the phoneme is in fact more than a cue for distinguishing words – rather it is an elemental modeling device. This view potentially has some basic implications not only for sound symbolism theory, but also for the study of semiosis itself.
Quand l’agriculture des pays riches crée de la pauvreté
Authors: Laffort Bruno
Published: October 2018

L’agriculture a toujours été un secteur où les tâches peu qualifiées sont restées très pourvoyeuses de main d’oeuvre ; ce sont majoritairement les immigrés fraîchement arrivés qui s’y adonnent, les natifs délaissant ces travaux pénibles, mal payés et peu valorisants. Nous allons analyser dans cette contribution l’extrême difficulté des « saisonniers-migrants » présents en Espagne. Pour cela, nous mettrons en résonnance les parcours de deux immigrés, originaires l’un du Maroc, l’autre du Mali, pour montrer comment ils sont littéralement devenus « prisonniers » de cette agriculture, sans pouvoir se construire — ni se projeter — dans un quelconque autre avenir, cette situation ayant été amplifiée par la crise de 2008.
Contra l'alteritat. L'erosió de la dicotomia jo/altre a «La pell de la frontera» (2016), de Francesc Serés
Authors: Picornell Mercè
Published: October 2018

En aquest article em propòs reflexionar sobre la recerca de mecanismes de representació literària de la diferència cultural i econòmica que es proposen erosionar la separació que justifica la dicotomia jo/altre. Ho faré a partir de l'estudi d'un cas concret: el volum La pell de la frontera (2014) de Francesc Serés. Aquest llibre contribuí a difondre la situació desesperada de molts migrants, així com també a denunciar la desatenció institucional davant d’uns canvis socials, econòmics i demogràfics que han modificat d’arrel la composició de molts pobles del Baix Cinca i del Segrià. En la meva lectura partiré de la hipòtesi que la representació dels objectes emprats i dels escenaris ruïnosos serveix a Serés per bastir un relat sobre el contacte amb la diferència que erosioni la barra mateixa de la dicotomia jo/altre. Estructuraré la meva interpretació en tres parts, on estudiaré: a) el procés de desplaçament de la posició d'autor, b) l’ús dels objectes usats com a lloc de contacte amb un altre que no es vol representar com a tal i c) l'erosió de la identitat de l'autor i de la representativitat de l'altre en un marc col·lectiu.
Pere Gil, «Història moral de Cathalunya». Edició a cura de Rodolfo Galdeano Carretero, Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Secció Històrico-Arqueològica, 2017, 560 pp.
Authors: Llàcer Martorell Arantxa
Published: October 2018

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Pere Gil, Història moral de Cathalunya. Edició a cura de Rodolfo Galdeano Carretero, Barcelona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Secció Històrico-Arqueològica, 2017, 560 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9965-174-3.
Researching Sex and the Cinema in the #MeToo Age
Authors: Frey Mattias , Janssen Sara
Published: October 2018

This introduction to the Film Studies special issue on Sex and
the Cinema considers the special place of sex as an object of inquiry in film
studies. Providing an overview of three major topic approaches and methodologies
– (1) representation, spectatorship and identity politics; (2) the
increasing scrutiny of pornography; and (3) new cinema history/media industries
studies – this piece argues that the parameters of and changes to the
research of sex, broadly defined, in film studies reflect the development of the
field and discipline since the 1970s, including the increased focus on
putatively ‘low’ cultural forms, on areas of film culture beyond
representation and on methods beyond textual/formal analysis.
Sex Cinemas, Limit Transgression and the Aura of ‘Forbiddenness’: The Emergence of risqués Cinemas and Cinema Leopold in Ghent, Belgium, 1945–54
Authors: Biltereyst Daniel
Published: October 2018

Arguing that limit transgression is a key feature for understanding the cinematic
performance of, and the controversy around, sexuality in the public sphere, this
contribution focuses on various aspects of limit transgression in relation to
sex cinemas. Following a new cinema history approach and concentrating on the
case of an emerging sex cinema in postwar Belgium (Cinema
Leopold in Ghent, 1945–54), this article looks at various
dimensions of limit transgression in terms of concrete physical and spatial
relations; programming strategies; audience experiences; and a range of
disciplining societal practices and institutional discourses.
Mondo-ing Urban Girl Tribes: The Boom of 1960s–70s Erotic Cinema and the Policing of Young Female Subjects in Japanese sukeban Films
Authors: Treglia Laura
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to analyse the ambivalent politics of looking and
discourses of gender, class and sexuality in a variety of 1960s–70s
Japanese studio-made exploitation films, known as sukeban
films. It first contextualises their production within a transnational and
domestic shift emphasising sex and violence in film and popular culture. The
article then highlights instances where the visual, narrative and discursive
articulation of non-conforming femininities flips the gendered power balance, as
in the sketches that satirise men’s sexual fetishes for girls. In
conclusion, it suggests to understand the filmic construction of young
women’s agency, and their bodily and sexual performance, in terms of a
recurring modus operandi of Japanese media that ambivalently panders to and
co-constitutes youth phenomena.
Black Meets Black: Encounters in America
Authors: Woubshet Dagmawi
Published: October 2018

This essay draws on James Baldwin’s ideas on race, immigration, and American identity to examine the experience of contemporary African immigrants in the United States. More Africans have come to the U.S. since 1965 than through the Middle Passage, and only now is their experience gaining the full creative and critical attention it merits. Since becoming American entails adopting the racial norms and sentiments of the U.S., I explore how African immigrants contend with the process of racialization that is part and parcel of the American experience. Drawing on Baldwin’s idea of blackness as an ethical category, I also consider the limits of the concept of Afropolitanism to characterize the new wave of African immigrants in the U.S.
There is No Texting at James Baldwin’s Table
Authors: Swindall Lindsey R.
Published: October 2018

Clearly there is a unique hunger for Baldwin’s wisdom in this historical moment, as illustrated by Raoul Peck’s film, reprints of several Baldwin books, exhibits, and other events. This essay describes the genesis of two five-part public discussions on the works of James Baldwin that were co-facilitated by African-American Studies scholar Dr. Lindsey R. Swindall and actor Grant Cooper at two schools in New York City in the 2016–17 academic year. These discussion series led to numerous Baldwin discussion events being scheduled for the winter and spring of 2018. The surprising popularity of these programs prompted Swindall to wonder: Why do people want to discuss Baldwin now? The first of two parts, this essay speculates that many people in the digital age long for a conversational space like the one Baldwin created at the “welcome table” in his last home in France. The second essay—which is forthcoming—will confirm whether discussion events held in 2018 harmonize with the welcome table thesis.
Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. Liken Türünün Antibakteriyel ve Antioksidan Aktivitesi
Authors: GÜNEŞ YÜCEL Damla , ÖZYİĞİTOĞLU Gülşah
Published: October 2018

Bu
çalışmada Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. liken türünün antibakteriyel ve
antioksidan aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bolu’da iki farklı
lokasyondan (Mudurnu-Aladağlar) toplanmış olan Ramalina calicaris türüne ait liken örnekleri; ayrıştırma ve teşhis
yapıldıktan sonra yıkanmış, kurutulmuş ve aseton çözücüsü kullanılarak özütleri
çıkarılmıştır. Liken aseton özütlerinin antibakteriyel aktiviteleri iki Gram
negatif (CECT 4122 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
ATCC 25922 Escherichia coli) ve iki
Gram pozitif (ATCC 29212 Enterococcus
faecalis, ATCC 25923 Staphylococcus
aureus) bakteri üzerinde disk difüzyon yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Araştırma
sonucunda aynı ilde iki farklı lokasyondan toplanmış olan liken örneklerine ait
özütlerin ikisinin de sadece Gram pozitif olan E. faecalis ve S. aureus
üzerinde antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahip olduğu, fakat antibakteriyel
aktiviteleri arasında çok büyük farklılıklar olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca,
antibakteriyel etkinliği nispeten daha yüksek bulunan Bolu-Aladağlar
lokasyonundan toplanmış olan R.calicaris
örneklerinin CUPRAC metodu kullanılarak antioksidan aktivitesi de araştırılmıştır.
R. calicaris aseton özütünün belirli
bir düzeyde kromojenik oksidan indirgeme kapasitesine sahip olduğu, dolayısıyla
antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye’nin Değişen İkliminde Isıtma ve Soğutma Gün Derecelerinin Gelecek Projeksiyonları
Authors: AN Nazan , TURP Mustafa Tufan , AKBAŞ Abdullah , ÖZTÜRK Ömer , KURNAZ Mehmet Levent
Published: October 2018

İklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle ısıtma ve soğutmaya bağlı gelecekteki
enerji talebi ihtiyacında oluşabilecek değişikliklerin öngörülmesinde gün
derecelerinden faydalanılması en pratik yöntemlerden biri olarak ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada günümüzdeki gibi yoğun sera gazı emisyonunu içeren RCP8.5
senaryosuna göre Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğiyle birlikte gelecekte ısıtme ve
soğutma gün derecelerinde nasıl bir değişim olacağı öngörülmüştür. Bu amaçla
RegCM bölgesel iklim modeli kullanılarak elde edilen yüksek çözünürlüklü
sıcaklık değerleri ile hesaplanan ısıtma ve soğutma gün derece değerleri 2016-2035
ve 2046-2065 gelecek dönemleri için 1981-2000 referans dönemine göre kıyaslanmıştır.
Buna göre, ısıtma gün derece sayılarında tüm ülke genelinde bir azalma ve
soğutma gün derece sayılarında ise genel olarak bir artış olacağı
öngörülmüştür. Isıtma gün derece sayılarındaki bu azalmanın ve soğutma gün
derece sayılarındaki bu artışın 2046-2065 döneminde 2016-2035 dönemine kıyasla
daha fazla olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre, ısıtma gün
derecelerinde her iki gelecek periyodu için en fazla azalış olacağı öngörülen
iller sırasıyla; Sivas, Kayseri, Kahramanmaraş ve Mersin; soğutma gün
derecelerinde en fazla artış olacağı öngörülen iller sırasıyla; 2016-2035
gelecek periyodu için Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Adana, Manisa; 2046-2065 gelecek
periyodu için Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Adana ve Hatay olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu
sıralamada dikkat çeken nokta, soğutma gün derecesinde 2016-2035 gelecek
periyodunda en fazla artışın beklendiği dördüncü il olan Manisa’nın yerine
2046-2065 gelecek periyodunda Hatay’ın yer almasıdır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma,
Türkiye için en yüksek çözünürlüklü iklim model çıktılarını kullanarak ısıtma
ve soğutma gün derecelerindeki muhtemel değişimleri araştıran ilk çalışmadır.
El reto de las historias conectadas
Authors: Bernand Carmen
Published: October 2018

This article presents the main authors of the “connected histories” school, a view of modern globalization and its qualitative approaches based on documentary sources which work with “microhistories” which avoid the rigidity of economic and sociological theorists, without excluding them, however. The author insists on the importance of the Black slave trade and the connections among all of its actors, as well as the need to understand non-Western conducts, a subject traditionally limited to anthropology, on the basis of a study of the clash between European mercantile colonialism and the native nations of the northwest coast of North America (18th-19th centuries).
Artistas y militares afrodescendientes. Un tránsito regional histórico en la coyuntura revolucionaria independentista de Chile
Authors: Madrid Moraga Luis Antonio
Published: October 2018

This article analyzes the participation of the musician-soldiers and artists of Afro-descendant in the independence movement in Chile and how their inclinations and expertise converged in a project that was in tune both with their interests and those of a patriotic revolution. It suggests that these men, as they traveled from one region to another, carried and reproduced contents and practices characteristic of their places of origin as well as those of the independence movement: it concludes that their practices led to an incipient, but important, symbolic mechanism of belonging in line with the ideas of the patriots. Finally, it broadens the geographical horizon of the Chilean independence movement and analyzes the role of these subjects as “mediators” between different societies or groups during the colonial period and the start of the republican one.
Sox enters the picture
Authors: Kaufholz Felix , Turetzek Natascha
Published: October 2018

The discovery of a gene that regulates two segmentation mechanisms in spider embryos is fueling the ongoing debate about the evolution of this crucial developmental process.
The Publishing Trap [Product Review]
Authors: Avila Alonso , Carncross Mahrya , Chen Amy , Fuchs Willow , Healy Heather , Robertson Wendy C
Published: October 2018

Review of The Publishing Trap, created by Jane Secker and Chris Morrison. UK Copyright Literacy team, 2016. Free download. https://copyrightliteracy.org/resources/the-publishing-trap/
Can secondary contact following range expansion be distinguished from barriers to gene flow?
Authors: Bertl Johanna , Ringbauer Harald , Blum Michael G.B.
Published: October 2018

Secondary contact is the reestablishment of gene flow between sister populations that have diverged. For instance, at the end of the Quaternary glaciations in Europe, secondary contact occurred during the northward expansion of the populations which had found refugia in the southern peninsulas. With the advent of multi-locus markers, secondary contact can be investigated using various molecular signatures including gradients of allele frequency, admixture clines, and local increase of genetic differentiation. We use coalescent simulations to investigate if molecular data provide enough information to distinguish between secondary contact following range expansion and an alternative evolutionary scenario consisting of a barrier to gene flow in an isolation-by-distance model. We find that an excess of linkage disequilibrium and of genetic diversity at the suture zone is a unique signature of secondary contact. We also find that the directionality index ψ, which was proposed to study range expansion, is informative to distinguish between the two hypotheses. However, although evidence for secondary contact is usually conveyed by statistics related to admixture coefficients, we find that they can be confounded by isolation-by-distance. We recommend to account for the spatial repartition of individuals when investigating secondary contact in order to better reflect the complex spatio-temporal evolution of populations and species.
Age, but not short-term intensive swimming, affects chondrocyte turnover in zebrafish vertebral cartilage
Authors: Jian Quan-Liang , HuangFu Wei-Chun , Lee Yen-Hua , Liu I-Hsuan
Published: October 2018

Both age and intensive exercise are generally considered critical risk factors for osteoarthritis. In this work, we intend to establish zebrafish models to assess the role of these two factors on cartilage homeostasis. We designed a swimming device for zebrafish intensive exercise. The body measurements, bone mineral density (BMD) and the histology of spinal cartilages of 4- and 12-month-old zebrafish, as well the 12-month-old zebrafish before and after a 2-week exercise were compared. Our results indicate that both age and exercise affect the body length and body weight, and the micro-computed tomography reveals that both age and exercise affect the spinal BMD. However, quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry and histochemistry indicate that short-term intensive exercise does not affect the extracellular matrix (ECM) of spinal cartilage. On the other hand, the cartilage ECM significantly grew from 4 to 12 months of age with an increase in total chondrocytes. dUTP nick end labeling staining shows that the percentages of apoptotic cells significantly increase as the zebrafish grows, whereas the BrdU labeling shows that proliferative cells dramatically decrease from 4 to 12 months of age. A 30-day chase of BrdU labeling shows some retention of labeling in cells in 4-month-old spinal cartilage but not in cartilage from 12-month-old zebrafish. Taken together, our results suggest that zebrafish chondrocytes are actively turned over, and indicate that aging is a critical factor that alters cartilage homeostasis. Zebrafish vertebral cartilage may serve as a good model to study the maturation and homeostasis of articular cartilage.
Periwinkle climbing response to water- and airbone predator chemical cues may depend on home-marsh geography
Authors: Carroll John M. , Church Morgan B. , Finelli Christopher M.
Published: October 2018

The salt marsh periwinkle,Littorina irrorata, exhibits a spatial refuge from predation by climbing the stems ofSpartina alterniflorain order to avoid benthic predators. Salt marsh periwinkles have a broad geographic distribution, and for many species, responses to predators also varies with biogeography. This study sought to determine if the geographical location of the home marsh influenced the response of periwinkles (climbing height) to blue crab predator cues both via air and water. Snails from Louisiana (LA) climbed higher in general than those from North Carolina (NC), regardless of chemical cue. However, LA snails climbed 11 cm higher in the presence of waterborne predators than control snails with no cue, while NC snails only climbed five cm higher in the same comparisons. Airborne chemical cue tended to have snails climbing at intermediate heights. These responses were significantly enhanced when both populations of snails were housed together. Periwinkle response to predator cues was stronger in LA than NC, and so it is possible that the behavioral response of these snails to predators varies with biogeography of the home marsh. Also interestingly, the results of this study also suggest that cue delivery is probably occurring via mechanisms other than water, and potentially via airborne cues. Therefore, salt marsh periwinkles likely respond to numerous cues that initiate behavioral responses, including airborne cues, and these responses may vary by home-marsh geography.
AVALIAÇÃO DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE VARIÁVEIS FÍSICAS E DE QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS EM RESERVATÓRIOS DE USINAS HIDRELÉTRICAS DE MINAS GERAIS PARA GESTÃO DAS ÁGUAS NO ESTADO.
Authors: F. P. P. Freitas Mariana D´Ávila , Garcia Ricardo Alexandrino
Published: October 2018

A água é um recurso natural de usos múltiplos e essencial à manutenção da vida. A matriz energética do Brasil é predominantemente de origem hídrica, como pode ser observada no estado de Minas Gerais. O monitoramento de qualidade das águas, que é dispendioso e trabalhoso, gera um grande volume de dados. Os dados morfométricos são considerados relevantes na avaliação de eventos físico-químicos e biológicos e na compreensão da dinâmica dos reservatórios, sendo que não exigem um monitoramento constante como o da qualidade das águas. O presente trabalho se baseou nas informações disponíveis sobre qualidade de água e morfometria de reservatórios do Sistema de Informação de Qualidade da Água de dos Reservatórios (Siságua) da Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (Cemig), avaliando 29 ambientes. Os procedimentos estatísticos aplicados foram Análise de Agrupamento (cluster), para identificar os tipos de reservatórios, e Análise de Componentes Principais, a fim de selecionar as variáveis mais expressivas no conjunto das amostras. O resultado apontou que os parâmetros mais significativos, quanto à qualidade das águas, foram turbidez, condutividade, pH, transparência, DBO e sólidos dissolvidos totais, e quanto às morfométricas, área, perímetro, volume, tempo de residência, área de drenagem e vazão. Houve coincidência de parte de agrupamentos para as duas análises, e a qualidade das águas apresentou relação espacial. O trabalho contribui para a gestão dos reservatórios no Estado, uma vez que reuniu e organizou as informações disponíveis desses ambientes e estabeleceu relações entre a qualidade das águas e parâmetros morfométricos.
A TEORIA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO PENSAMENTO DE JÜRGEN HABERMAS: O ECLIPSE DA RAZÃO E A EMANCIPAÇÃO COM SINAIS TROCADOS.
Authors: Silva Marcelo Lira
Published: October 2018

Para compreender a teoria normativa de Habermas, torna-se de fundamental importância que se compreenda sua concepção de pragmática formal. No arcabouço teórico de Habermas, a concepção de pragmática formal fundamenta-se em um tipo particular de aspiração, a partir da qual se compreende que tanto as características linguísticas e semânticas das orações, quanto alguns traços pragmáticos de emissões, poderiam ser racionalmente reconstruídos. Neste sentido, o procedimento técnico-procedimental adotado por Habermas fora o de delinear com precisão o conjunto de preceitos necessários a um falante ideal, que ao dominá-los seria capaz de construir um conjunto de orações, bem como emiti-las, de tal forma a tornarem-se admissíveis a um ouvinte ideal. Ora, como as relações intersubjetivas se constituem e se desenvolvem entre falante e ouvinte ideais – no âmbito da metafísica e do em-si-mesmamento individual neoracionalista –, a competência comunicativa só poderia ser concebida enquanto forma conceitual, que passaria a ser reconstituída em bases racionais, de tal maneira a se impor de forma universal.
O MST NA GESTÃO DA ESCOLA ITINERANTE INSTITUCIONALIZADA PELO ESTADO NO PARANÁ
Authors: Amboni Vanderlei , Celestino Natieli Da Silva
Published: October 2018

Este artigo reflete sobre a gestão institucionalizada da escola itinerante nos acampamentos do MST. Na origem dessa escola está a preocupação dos acampados com a escolarização das crianças e jovens, cuja família se faz presente nos acampamentos. A denominada “escola itinerante” é uma escola institucionalizada como escola pública no território do Movimento. A gestão escolar é materializada dentro dos princípios organizacionais do MST, cuja centralidade é a gestão democrática. Dessa forma, o objeto do presente trabalho traz o MST como sujeito da gestão da Escola Itinerante no Paraná, tendo como base operacional uma escola-base, que centraliza a documentação escolar de todas as escolas itinerantes. As análises indicam uma forma de gestão que se orienta pelo princípio de auto-organização, formação de coletivos, núcleos de base e coordenações com respaldo das famílias em assembleias dos acampados.  
NEOFORMAÇÕES NA PERSPECTIVA DA TEORIA DA ATIVIDADE
Authors: Canova Motter Adriana Fatima , Frison Marli Dallagnol
Published: October 2018

Abordamos, neste artigo, o conceito de neoformações desenvolvido pelo psicólogo soviético Alexis N. Leontiev. Seu significado circunscreve estudos psicológicos de constituição do psiquismo que tomam como referência o desenvolvimento humano enquanto indivíduo (ontogênese). Fundamentos histórico-culturais orientam para a compreensão da constituição psíquica a partir da atividade produtiva. Pela atividade, o homem desenvolve um conjunto de funções, habilidades e aptidões – as neoformações – que são objetivadas nos produtos elaborados socialmente e apropriadas a cada nova geração. Neste contexto, pensar a escola enquanto espaço para o desenvolvimento das neoformações em afinidade à pedagogia histórico-crítica.
REENTENDIMENTO: UMA CRÍTICA À ECONOMIA DO DISCURSO
Authors: Magalhães Àlcio Crisóstomo
Published: October 2018

A vontade de um pós-conflito ideológico, não mais modulado por divergências entre capital e trabalho, mas pela auto-regulação, pela equidade e pela conversão da educação formal em indicador de desenvolvimento, foi o espectro da primeira década e meia do século XX. Todavia, no fechamento desse primeiro circuito, os determinantes político-econômicos e sociais começam a apontar para outro entendimento. Esse é o objeto de estudo desse trabalho. Desenvolvê-lo, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, do tipo análise histórico-cultural é o propósito da discussão que se apresenta a seguir. O estudo permite concluir que o atual momento de reestruturação capitalista aponta para um contrarreforma de classe que exige dos movimentos populares uma articulação em torno de uma ação de partido.
MATERIALIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO A CONTRIBUIÇÃO MARXISTA À COMPREENSÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLARIZADA
Authors: Pereira Silva Roberta Letícia
Published: October 2018

Resumo: Com base no princípio metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético elaborado por Karl Marx pretende-se por meio deste trabalho incitar à reflexão acerca da crucialidade de se considerar a materialidade das relações sociais no intuito de superar o caráter desigual e enviesado das práticas educacionais justificadas pela noção de meritocracia assentadas na lógica liberal e na concepção de indivíduos atomizados e independentes da realidade social em que estão inseridos. Entendendo que, tal tendência tem corroborado para o solapamento da consciência de classe e para o obscurecimento das contradições inerentes ao sistema capitalista, as quais segundo Marx impulsionariam a ruptura com este sistema espoliativo e contraditório em sua essência.

 
INSPIRAÇÕES DA RÚSSIA REVOLUCIONÁRIA: POTENCIALIDADES DA PEDAGOGIA DO MEIO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS TRABALHADORES
Authors: Ventura Jaqueline Pereira , Oliveira Francisco Gilson
Published: October 2018

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre as potencialidades da experiência político-pedagógica das escolas-comunas – primeiros anos de construção do socialismo na Rússia – para o fazer pedagógico da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Enfatizando as contribuições de Moisey Pistrak e Viktor Nikholae Shulgin, e vinculando-as às particularidades da EJA, o artigo analisa a proposta da pedagogia do meio, que articula as categorias atualidade, autogestão e trabalho e objetiva formar sujeitos capazes de se autodirigirem, de se auto-organizarem e de se comprometerem com a transformação social. Conclui que essa experiência potencializa criativamente as estratégias metodológicas da EJA, em particular ao prover categorias críticas e emancipatórias às especificidades próprias dessa modalidade da Educação Básica brasileira.
A snapshot of medical physics practice patterns
Authors: Kisling Kelly D. , Ger Rachel B. , Netherton Tucker J. , Cardenas Carlos E. , Owens Constance A. , Anderson Brian M. , Lee Joonsang , Rhee Dong Joo , Edward Sharbacha S. , Gay Skylar S. , He Yulun , David Shaquan D. , Yang Jinzhong , Nitsch Paige L. , Balter Peter A. , Urbauer Diana L. , Peterson Christine B. , Court Laurence E. , Dube Scott
Published: October 2018

A large number of surveys have been sent to the medical physics community addressing many clinical topics for which the medical physicist is, or may be, responsible. Each survey provides an insight into clinical practice relevant to the medical physics community. The goal of this study was to create a summary of these surveys giving a snapshot of clinical practice patterns. Surveys used in this study were created using SurveyMonkey and distributed between February 6, 2013 and January 2, 2018 via the MEDPHYS and MEDDOS listserv groups. The format of the surveys included questions that were multiple choice and free response. Surveys were included in this analysis if they met the following criteria: more than 20 responses, relevant to radiation therapy physics practice, not single‐vendor specific, and formatted as multiple‐choice questions (i.e., not exclusively free‐text responses). Although the results of free response questions were not explicitly reported, they were carefully reviewed, and the responses were considered in the discussion of each topic. Two‐hundred and fifty‐two surveys were available, of which 139 passed the inclusion criteria. The mean number of questions per survey was 4. The mean number of respondents per survey was 63. Summaries were made for the following topics: simulation, treatment planning, electron treatments, linac commissioning and quality assurance, setup and treatment verification, IMRT and VMAT treatments, SRS/SBRT, breast treatments, prostate treatments, brachytherapy, TBI, facial lesion treatments, clinical workflow, and after‐hours/emergent treatments. We have provided a coherent overview of medical physics practice according to surveys conducted over the last 5 yr, which will be instructive for medical physicists.
Interfaces of (Ultra)thin Polymer Films in Organic Electronics
Authors: Bao Qinye , Braun Slawomir , Wang Chuanfei , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats
Published: October 2018

In this short review the energy level alignment of interfaces involving solution‐processed conjugated polymer (and soluble small molecules) films is described. Some general material properties of conjugated polymers and their solution‐processed films are introduced, and the basic physics involved in energy level alignment at their interfaces is then discussed. An overview of energy level bending in (ultra)thin conjugated polymer films (often referred to as “band bending”) is given and the effects of ion‐containing interlayers typically used in organic electronic devices such as polymer light emitting diodes and organic bulk heterojunction solar cells are explored. The review finishes by describing a few of the available computational models useful for predicting and/or modeling energy level alignment at interfaces of solution‐processed polymer films and discusses their respective strengths and weaknesses.