bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Structures and Properties of a New Zn(II) Complex Based on the 2-(Benzoimidazol-2-yl-methyl)-1Htetrazole Ligand
Authors: Liu Bingtao , Wang Rui , Zhang Guiyang , Ding Yanan , Meng Xiangru
Published: November 2012

A new Zn(II) complex [Zn2(bimt)2(Ac)(OH)]n (1) has been synthesized by the reaction of the flexible ligand 2-(benzoimidazol-2-yl-methyl)-1H-tetrazole (Hbimt) with Zn(Ac)2 · 2H2O and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectra. In complex 1, Zn1 and Zn2 ions are connected by μ2-bridging acetate and hydroxide groups to form a 6-membered ring. The bimt units coordinate to Zn1 and Zn2 ions in a bidentate bridging mode with two nitrogen atoms from the same benzoimidazole ring and connect the 6-membered rings resulting in the formation of a 2D network structure. Adjacent layers are further packed to a threedimensional network through van der Waals bonds. A thermogravimetric analysis was carried out, and the photoluminescent behavior of the complex was investigated.
Genetic Design of an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Controller for Velocity Regulation in a DC Motor
Authors: Maldonado Yazmin , Castillo Oscar
Published: November 2012

This paper proposes the design of a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (T2-FLC) using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The T2-FLC was tested with different levels of uncertainty to regulate velocity in a Direct Current (DC) motor. The T2-FLC was synthesized in Very High Description Language (VHDL) code for a Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA), using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) of Xilinx ISE and Matlab-Simulink. Comparisons were made between the Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Controller and the T2-FLC in VHDL code and a Proportional Integral Differential (PID) Controller so as to regulate the velocity of a DC motor and evaluate the difference in performance of the three types of controllers, using the t-student test statistic.
Experimental Evaluation of Parameter Identification Schemes on an Anthropomorphic Direct Drive Robot
Authors: Chávez-Olivares César , Reyes-Cortés Fernando , González-Galván Emilio , Mendoza-Gutierrez Marco , Bonilla-Gutierrez Isela
Published: November 2012

The inertial and friction parameters of a robot are used in the development and evaluation of model-based control schemes and their accuracy is related directly to the performance. These parameters can also be used for a realistic simulation, which may be useful before implementation of new control schemes. In principle, the numerical value of the parameters could be obtained via CAD analysis, but inevitably assembly and manufacturing errors exist. Direct measurement is not a realistic option because the complex nature of the system involves intense, time-consuming effort. Alternatively, we can deduce the values of the parameters by observing the natural response of the system under appropriate experimental conditions, i.e., by using identification schemes, which is an efficient way. This paper presents the experimental evaluation of five identification schemes used to obtain the inertial and friction parameters of a three-degrees-of-freedom direct-drive robot. We assume that the inertial and friction parameters are totally unknown but, by design, the dynamic model is fully known, as in many practical cases. We consider the schemes based on the dynamic regression model, the filtered-dynamic regression model, the supplied-energy regression model, the power regression model and the filtered-power regression model. This paper presents a comparison between experimental and simulated robot response, which enables us to verify the accuracy of each regression model.
A Bio-Inspired Approach to the Realization of Sustained Humanoid Motion
Authors: Vukobratović Miomir , Borovac Branislav , Rodić Aleksandar , Katić Duško , Potkonjak Veljko
Published: November 2012

This paper overviews some author's biomechanical inspiration for the development of an approach which enables the realization of bipedal artificial motion. First, we introduce the notion of dynamic balance, which is a basic prerequisite for the realization of any task by humanoids. Then, as ground reference points, important indicators of a humanoid's state were introduced and discussed. Particular attention was paid to ZMP, which is the most important indicator of robot dynamic balance. Issues of modelling of the complex mechanical systems (humanoids belonging to this class) were also discussed. Such software should allow humanoid modelling, either without any contact with the environment (such as flying freely in space, for example, during jumping) or having contact with ground or any other supporting object. It also should be enough general to cover different humanoids' structures, postures, and allow the calculation of all relevant dynamic characteristics. Some examples are presented in this paper (e.g., the modelling of a goalkeeper catching a ball, the replication of human motion trying to re-establish posture and dynamic balance where jeopardized by perturbation).
Anthropomimetic Robots: Concept, Construction and Modelling
Authors: Diamond Alan , Knight Rob , Devereux David , Holland Owen
Published: November 2012

An anthropomimetic robot is one that closely copies the mechanics of the human body by having a human-like jointed skeleton moved by compliant muscle-like actuators. This paper describes the progress achieved in building anthropomimetic torsos in two projects, CRONOS and ECCEROBOT. In each, the bones were hand-moulded in a thermoplastic and the muscles were implemented by DC motors shortening and extending elastic tendons. Anthropomimetic robots differ from conventionally engineered robots by having complex joints and compliant tendon driven actuation that can cross more than one joint. Taken together, these characteristics make the robots unsuitable for control by standard methods, and so the ability to model them is important for developing heuristic methods of control and also for providing forward models. The robots were modelled using physics-based techniques which enable the study of the generation of movements and also of interactions with arbitrary objects. The lightweight and compliant structure of the robots was found to be safe for human proximity and contact.
Automatic Age Estimation System for Face Images
Authors: Lin Chin-Teng , Li Dong-Lin , Lai Jian-Hao , Han Ming-Feng , Chang Jyh-Yeong
Published: November 2012

Humans are the most important tracking objects in surveillance systems. However, human tracking is not enough to provide the required information for personalized recognition. In this paper, we present a novel and reliable framework for automatic age estimation based on computer vision. It exploits global face features based on the combination of Gabor wavelets and orthogonal locality preserving projections. In addition, the proposed system can extract face aging features automatically in real-time. This means that the proposed system has more potential in applications compared to other semi-automatic systems. The results obtained from this novel approach could provide clearer insight for operators in the field of age estimation to develop real-world applications.
(2D)2LDALPP: A Novel Approach to Face Recognition
Authors: Guo Zhiqiang , Wang Huaiqing , Liu Quan
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a novel supervised dimensionality reduction approach for facial feature extraction called (2D)2LDALPP. The proposed (2D)2LDALPP method effectively combines alternative 2DLDA with alternative 2DLPP. The feature extraction is split into two steps: firstly, the column directional information is extracted by applying alternative 2DLDA; secondly, the feature matrix is inversed and alternative 2DLPP is used to extract the row directional information. The advantage of the method lies in the compression of the facial image in two different directions and the fact that the dimension of the feature matrix is low. At the same time, because 2DLDA is a supervised learning method, the proposed method not only preserves the manifold structure of the samples but also contains the label information of the classes. Experimental results on the Feret, ORL, and Yale databases show that the proposed method is effective.
New Kinematic Parameters for Quantifying Irregularities in the Human and Humanoid Robot Gait
Authors: Stancic Ivo , Supuk Tamara Grujic , Bonkovic Mirjana
Published: November 2012

Gait patterns of humans and humanoid robots are often described by analysing changes in angular rotation of hip, knee and ankle joints during one gait cycle. Each joint displays specific behaviour and irregularities of the gait pattern could be detected by measuring displacements from the normal rotation curve, while small deviations of individual gait characteristics are usually not easily detected. In this paper, an advanced gait analysis method is proposed, which incorporates analysis of angular data and its derivations of hip, knee, and ankle joints, presented in the phase plane. The gait kinematics was measured using a system based on active markers and fast digital cameras. The experiment included measurements on thirty healthy, barefoot humans while walking on a treadmill. We also simulated types of irregular gait, by measurements on subjects wearing knee constraints. The new kinematic parameters which are introduced clearly indicated the discrepancy between normal, healthy gait trials and irregular gait trials. The proposed gait factor parameter is a valuable measure for the detection of irregularities in gait patterns of humans and humanoid robots.
Causes of Death of Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Nichols Larry , Saunders Rachel , Knollmann Friedrich D.
Published: November 2012

Context.—The causes of death for patients with lung cancer are inadequately described.

Objective.—To categorize the immediate and contributing causes of death for patients with lung cancer.

Design.—The autopsies from 100 patients who died of lung cancer between 1990 and February 2011 were analyzed.

Results.—Tumor burden was judged the immediate cause of death in 30 cases, including 26 cases of extensive metastases and 4 cases with wholly or primarily lung tumor burden (causing respiratory failure). Infection was the immediate cause of death for 20 patients, including 8 with sepsis and 12 with pneumonia. Complications of metastatic disease were the immediate causes of death in 18 cases, including 6 cases of hemopericardium from pericardial metastases, 3 from myocardial metastases, 3 from liver metastases, and 3 from brain metastases. Other immediate causes of death were pulmonary hemorrhage (12 cases), pulmonary embolism (10 cases, 2 tumor emboli), and pulmonary diffuse alveolar damage (7 cases). From a functional (pathophysiologic) perspective, respiratory failure could be regarded as the immediate cause of death (or mechanism of death) in 38 cases, usually because of a combination of lung conditions, including emphysema, airway obstruction, pneumonia, hemorrhage, embolism, resection, and lung injury in addition to the tumor. For 94 of the 100 patients, there were contributing causes of death, with an average of 2.5 contributing causes and up to 6 contributing causes of death.

Conclusions.—The numerous and complex ways lung cancer kills patients pose a challenge for efforts to extend and improve their lives.
Value-Added Benefits and Utilization of Pathologists' Assistants
Authors: Vitale John , Brooks Reed , Sovocool Michael , Rader W Rae
Published: November 2012

Context.—The role of pathologists' assistants (PAs) in terms of surgical and autopsy prosection has been well established; however, the role of PAs in areas beyond surgical and autopsy pathology, such as laboratory administration and management, education, and research, is not so well understood.

Objective.—To determine the scope and extent of ancillary duties (value-added benefits) performed by PAs.

Design.—A self-administered, electronic survey was disseminated to all members of the American Association of Pathologists' Assistants with fellowship status to analyze the ancillary duties PAs provide in laboratory administration and management, education, and research.

Results.—Respondents were from 44 states and most had 6 or more years of experience in various work settings: community hospitals (50%), academic hospitals (30%), private pathology laboratories (15%), and “other” settings (5%). Most were involved in quality assurance programs (64.0%), laboratory accreditation inspections (56.2%), and a large percentage (44.4%) also had direct supervisory experience. Roughly 36% of respondents reported training residents in prosection skills in a clinical setting, while a small percentage reported teaching for-credit courses in a classroom setting (4.9%). The primary research responsibility was fresh tissue procurement for tumor banking (52.7%).

Conclusions.—Pathologists' assistants currently are involved in ancillary duties beyond surgical and autopsy prosection. Our findings indicate that PAs have a desire to become more involved in these duties, and there is opportunity for pathologists to benefit further by using PAs to the full extent of their knowledge, skills, and interests.
PAX2 and PAX8 Expression in Primary and Metastatic Renal Tumors: A Comprehensive Comparison
Authors: Ozcan Ayhan , de la Roza Gustavo , Ro Jae Y. , Shen Steven S. , Truong Luan D.
Published: November 2012

Context.—The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains problematic, especially in the context of metastasis or small-needle biopsies. PAX2 and PAX8 transcription factors are known to be expressed by several histologic types of renal neoplasms.

Objective.—To evaluate the diagnostic utility of PAX2 and PAX8 relative to one another, which has not been studied.

Design.—Consecutive tissue sections from the archival samples of 243 primary and 99 metastatic renal neoplasms were submitted to PAX2 and PAX8 immunostain.

Results.—Within the primary neoplasms, PAX2 versus PAX8 expression was noted in 90 of 95 (95%) versus 92 of 95 (97%) for clear cell RCC, 29 of 38 (76%) versus 38 of 38 (100%) for papillary RCC, 14 of 25 (56%) versus 22 of 25 (88%) for chromophobe RCC, 3 of 7 (43%) versus 5 of 7 (71%) for collecting duct RCC, 6 of 8 (75%) versus 8 of 8 (100%) for acquired cystic kidney disease–related RCC, and 7 of 13 (54%) versus 11 of 13 (85%) for oncocytoma. Regardless of histologic subtype, PAX8 staining was noted in more cells and with more intense staining than PAX2. Within the metastatic RCCs, PAX8 expression was more frequently positive than PAX2 expression (88 of 99 cases; 89%; versus 75 of 99 cases; 76%).

Conclusions.—Both PAX2 and PAX8 are diagnostically useful markers for both primary and metastatic renal neoplasms of a large variety of histologic types. However, PAX8 appears to be more sensitive than PAX2 in both primary and metastatic settings. PAX8 can be included in any immunohistochemical panel for the diagnosis of primary renal neoplasms. Adding PAX2 should be optional, but this would gain limited further diagnostic yield. In a metastatic setting, both PAX8 and PAX2 can be included in a panel because a small subset of metastatic RCCs are stained only with PAX2.
Guiding the Pulmonologist's Hand: What They Need to Know About Lung Pathology and What is Lost in Translation
Authors: Kradin Richard L.
Published: November 2012

Increasing subspecialization in the practice of medicine has led to certain discrepancies in how pathologists and pulmonologists imagine lung disease. This article, written by a pathologist who also practices pulmonology at a large, academic hospital, highlights his perspective on the important role of the pathologist in guiding the hand of the pulmonary clinician.
Worldwide Overview of the Current Status of Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Bunn Paul A.
Published: November 2012

Lung cancer is the leading worldwide cause of cancer deaths. Smoking is the dominant cause of lung cancer and smoking cessation is the established method to reduce lung cancer mortality. While lung cancer risk is reduced in former smokers, they have a lifelong increase in risk, compared to never-smokers. Novel chemoprevention strategies, such as oral or inhaled prostacyclin analogs, hold promise for these subjects. Low-dose spiral computed tomography screening reduced lung cancer mortality by 20% in high-risk heavy smokers older than 50 years. However, the high false-positive rate (96%) means that screened patients required controlled follow-up in experienced centers. An increasing percentage of patients with advanced lung cancer have molecular drivers in genes for which oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed.
The Prevalence and Importance of Variant Patterns in Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Badr AbdullGaffar
Published: November 2012

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare type of B-cell lymphoma with good prognosis and distinct clinicopathologic features. The hallmark histological feature is the presence of malignant lymphocyte predominant (LP) cells embedded within nodules predominantly composed of small B-lymphocytes. Immunoarchitectural variations from these classic nodules could occur. The clinical and pathological significance of NLPHL with variant patterns is, however, uncertain and controversial. Some oncologists and pathologists consider variant atypical nodules to represent a simple localized overgrowth of the LP cells without significant pathological or clinical implications. Other oncologists, however, suggest that they might represent a different biological behavior in the form of intranodal progression with early transformation into large B-cell lymphoma. Therefore, NLPHLs with variant atypical patterns represent a more aggressive clinical course and an indicator of a higher risk of recurrence that warrants a more aggressive treatment even in the early stages. We performed a retrospective review study to investigate the prevalence and importance of atypical nodules in NLPHL. We found seven cases of NLPHL, three (43%) of which showed variant patterns with different immunoarchitectural features from the classic nodules of NLPHL. We did not find clinical or prognostic differences between the two groups of classic nodules of NLPHL and atypical variant nodules of NLPHL. The significance of which, however, cannot be drawn from this small case series. Therefore, further larger scale studies are warranted. In addition, pathologists should be aware of this phenomenon to avoid overcalling these cases as high-grade lymphomas.
Child Survival and Policy Options in Kenya: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Kabubo-Mariara Jane , Karienyeh Margaret M. , Kabubo Francis M.
Published: November 2012

Abstract: This paper investigates child survival in Kenya. We use survival analysis to explain childhood mortality and further simulate the impact of key policy variables on millennium development goals targets for mortality. The results show that favorable child and maternal characteristics, and household assets are associated with higher probability of survival at time t. The results further show that health care services are crucial for child survival. Policy simulations suggest that maternal education and use of modern contraception methods are key policy issues for child survival. The simulations further suggest that it is unlikely that the millennium development goals targets will be achieved.
Policy Lapses and Gaps on the Formulation of Energy Laws of the Philippines: The Case of Iligan Diesel Power Plants
Authors: Anghay Ariel P.
Published: November 2012

Abstract - Independent Power Producers are energy suppliers contracted by the Philippine government to avert the power crisis in the 1990’s. The study analyzed the policy lapses and gaps on the energy laws as a framework in the analysis of the Iligan Diesel Power Plants. The study used the descriptive design involving documentary analysis of existing energy laws and IPP contracts supported by triangulation of records with interviews and onsite inspection. The results of the study showed that the Buil-Operate-Transfer scheme lacks clear provision of ownership transfer. The Iligan local government had difficulty disposing of the BOT project due to land project issue. The LGU lacks the logistics and manpower capability to maintain a confiscated property that is incurring heavy loss. The study concludes that the energy laws had serious lapses and gaps traceable to the formulation and implementation of BOT and IPP in the 1990’s. The provisions of the BOT program insured the profitability and sustainability of the IPP contractors at the expense of the welfare of the Filipino people. Viewed on a long term perspective, the BOT program spawned problems than solutions to the power crisis. The issues triggered the problems hounding the Iligan Diesel Power Plants today. Keywords - Independent Power Producers, Build-Operate-Transfer, EPIRA Law
A Survey of Chiropractic Academic Affiliations Within the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Dunn Andrew S.
Published: November 2012

Purpose: With the recent implementation of chiropractic into the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, chiropractic institutions nationwide now share common educational ground with many of the nation's medical schools and other educational institutions. Chiropractic students may undergo clinical training within VA medical facilities that have affiliation agreements with chiropractic institutions. The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the current state of chiropractic academic affiliations within the VA. Methods: Survey method was utilized to obtain information about the program design and operation of VA chiropractic academic affiliations. Results: Chiropractic academic affiliations have been establishedwithin four VA medical facilities in association with three chiropractic colleges. There was considerable variation in staffing and internship duration among the locations. Conclusion: The four existing chiropractic academic affiliations were dissimilar in terms of their design and operation with different strengths and program characteristics identified. Additional study is indicated to determine the impact that program variation has on the clinical care and educational functions of VA chiropractic academic affiliations. (The Journal of Chiropractic Education 21(2): 138–143, 2007)
Assessment of Unpublished Scholarly Activity: An Informal Rubric for Evaluating Faculty Performance
Authors: Ward Robert W.
Published: November 2012

Some forms of scholarly productivity, such as peer-reviewed publications, are easily recognized and incorporated into processes involving evaluation, retention, and promotion of faculty. A method for initiating peer review of unpublished scholarly activitymay serve to permit recognition of such work in faculty evaluation. This article shares an instrument for the peer review of unpublished scholarship, such as scholarship of integration or teaching. A nonquantitative rubric for the evaluation of scholarly activitywas developed, based on previously proposed standards from the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Such a process for forms of scholarly productivity other than publication provides potential for intellectual growth and development for both reviewers and reviewed faculty.
Generalizability of a Composite Student Selection Procedure at a University-Based Chiropractic Program
Authors: O'Neill Lotte D. , Korsholm Lars , Wallstedt Birgitta , Eika Berit , Hartvigsen Jan
Published: November 2012

Purpose: Non-cognitive admission criteria are typically used in chiropractic student selection to supplement grades. The reliability of non-cognitive student admission criteria in chiropractic education has not previously been examined. In addition, very few studies have examined the overall test generalizability of composites of non-cognitive admission variables in admission to health science programs. The aim of this study was to estimate the generalizability of a composite selection to a chiropractic program, consisting of: application form information, a written motivational essay, a common knowledge test, and an admission interview. Methods: Data from 105 Chiropractic applicants from the 2007 admission at the University of Southern Denmark were available for analysis. Each admission parameter was double scored using two random, blinded, and independent raters. Variance components for applicant, rater and residual effects were estimated for a mixed model with the restricted maximum likelihood method. The reliability of obtained applicant ranks (generalizability coefficients) was calculated for the individual admission criteria and for the composite admission procedure. Results: Very good generalizability was found for the common knowledge test (G = 1.00) and the admission interview (G = 0.88). Good generalizability was found for application form information (G = 0.75) and moderate generalizability (G = 0.50) for the written motivation essay. The generalizability of the final composite admission procedure, which was a weighted composite of all 4 admission variables was good (Gc = 0.80). Conclusion: Good generalizability for a composite admission to a chiropractic program was found. Optimal weighting and adequate sampling are important for obtaining optimal generalizability. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Integrated Neuroscience Program: An Alternative Approach to Teaching Neurosciences to Chiropractic Students
Authors: He Xiaohua , La Rose James , Zhang Niu
Published: November 2012

Purpose: Most chiropractic colleges do not offer independent neuroscience courses because of an already crowded curriculum. The Palmer College of Chiropractic Florida has developed and implemented an integrated neuroscience program that incorporates neurosciences into different courses. The goals of the program have been to bring neurosciences to students, excite students about the interrelationship of neuroscience and chiropractic, improve students' understanding of neuroscience, and help the students understand the mechanisms underpinning the chiropractic practice. This study provides a descriptive analysis on how the integrated neuroscience program is taught via students' attitudes toward neuroscience and the comparison of students' perceptions of neuroscience content knowledge at different points in the program. Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 58 questions regarding the neuroscience courses was conducted among 339 students. The questionnaire was developed by faculty members who were involved in teaching neuroscience and administered in the classroom by faculty members who were not involved in the study. Results: Student perceptions of their neuroscience knowledge, self-confidence, learning strategies, and knowledge application increased considerably through the quarters, especially among the 2nd-year students. Conclusions: The integrated neuroscience program achieved several of its goals, including an increase in students' confidence, positive attitude, ability to learn, and perception of neuroscience content knowledge. The authors believe that such gains can expand student ability to interpret clinical cases and inspire students to become excited about chiropractic research. The survey provides valuable information for teaching faculty to make the course content more relevant to chiropractic students.
Student Attitudes, Satisfaction, and Learning in a Collaborative Testing Environment*
Authors: Meseke Christopher A. , Nafziger Rita , Meseke Jamie K.
Published: November 2012

Introduction: This study examined the effect of collaborative testing on student learning, attitude toward testing, and course satisfaction at a chiropractic college. Methods: The study compared testing performance between two cohorts of students taking an advanced neuroanatomy course: a control group (n = 78) and an experimental group (n = 80). Scores examined for each cohort included sums of quizzes, examination scores, and a comprehensive final examination. The control cohort completed weekly quizzes as individuals, while the experimental cohort completed the quizzes collaboratively in small groups. Both cohorts completed three unit examinations and the comprehensive final examination as individuals. Additionally, pretest–posttest and delayed posttest scores were examined. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) (including repeated measures MANCOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Results: The experimental cohort scored significantly higher compared to the control cohort on all quizzes (F = 217.761; df = 1,156; p < .05) and overall course grades (F = 16.099; df = 1,156; p < .05). There were no significant differences in either the comprehensive final (posttest) (F = 3.138; df = 1,122; p > .05) or the delayed posttest (taken 5 weeks after the end of the course) (F = 0.431; df = 1,122; p > .05) between the two cohorts. The overall scores for both cohorts on the delayed posttest were significantly lower than the posttest scores (F = 4.660; df = 1,122; p < .05). Conclusions: This project extends previous findings that students using collaborative testing have significantly increased short-term course performance compared with those students using traditional testing. No differences in learning or retention were noted.
How to Write a Scholarly Book Review for Publication in a Peer-Reviewed Journal: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Lee Alexander D. , Green Bart N. , Johnson Claire D. , Nyquist Julie
Published: November 2012

Purpose: To describe and discuss the processes used to write scholarly book reviews for publication in peer-reviewed journals and to provide a recommended strategy and book appraisal worksheet to use when conducting book reviews. Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature was conducted in June 2009 using a combination of controlled vocabulary and truncated text words to capture articles relevant to writing scholarly book reviews for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Results: The initial search identified 839 citations. Following the removal of duplicates and the application of selection criteria, a total of 78 articles were included in this review including narrative commentaries (n = 26), editorials or journal announcements (n = 25), original research (n = 18), and journal correspondence pieces (n D 9). Discussion: Recommendations for planning and writing an objective and quality book review are presented based on the evidence gleaned from the articles reviewed and from the authors' experiences. A worksheet for conducting a book review is provided. Conclusions: The scholarly book review serves many purposes and has the potential to be an influential literary form. The process of publishing a successful scholarly book review requires the reviewer to appreciate the book review publication process and to be aware of the skills and strategies involved in writing a successful review.
Health Promotion Practices in Two Chiropractic Teaching Clinics: Does a Review of Patient Files Reflect Advice on Health Promotion?
Authors: Ndetan Harrison , Evans Marion Willard , Lo Kaming , Walters David , Ramcharan Michael , Brandon Patricia , Evans Cathy , Rupert Ronald
Published: November 2012

Purpose: To retrospectively review patient files in two teaching clinics in the United States and to assess the documented attempts to deliver health promotion messages when a chart indicated a need for health promotion or a red-flag condition that could be helped with positive behavioral changes. Methods: Approximately 100 patient files were randomly selected from each of two separate chiropractic teaching clinics, for patients seen after January 2007. Files were assessed for pertinent family history of diseases, personal medical history, and red-flag conditions of patients that would warrant intervention with health promotion. Results: Health promotion advice on at least one occasion was noted in 108 (53.7%) patient charts. Only 7 of 98 overweight or obese patients and none of those with family history of obesity were advised on weight management. Among 23 hypertensive patients, only 5 were advised and 17 of the 97 patients with risk of cardiovascular disease were advised. Conclusion: Chiropractic teaching clinics should assess what they are doing to help Americans reach their health goals. There is an opportunity to shape future practitioners so they include primary prevention as a part of what they do if the profession cares to move in that direction. Future research should look at mechanisms of delivery for health promotion, including better tracking of patients who need it and how staff doctors are trained to deliver oversight to interns in the area of primary prevention.
Utilizing Molecular Details of the Pain System to Illustrate Biochemical Principles
Authors: Boal Robert , Gillette Richard G. , Borman William H.
Published: November 2012

To capture student interest and show clinical relevance, molecular details from the pain system can be used as supplemental examples to basic biochemistry lectures. Lecture topics include glutamate, substance P, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, synaptic proteases, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuronal protein synthesis. These topics are utilized to illustrate basic biochemical issues and are linked to pain-related topics such as pain transmission, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, and central sensitization. For analysis, a brief survey was administered to evaluate student attitudes toward a representative lecture segment. Survey results support the premise that utilizing the pain system is an effective tool to engage chiropractic students during basic biochemistry lectures.
A History of The Journal of Chiropractic Education
Authors: Green Bart N. , Jacobs Grace E. , Johnson Claire D. , Phillips Reed B.
Published: November 2012

Purpose: The Journal of Chiropractic Education celebrates its 25th anniversary in the year 2011. The purpose of this article is to chronicle the history of the journal, which is unreported at this time. Methods: The entire collection of the journal was reviewed and information pertaining to important events and changes in the format, personnel, and processes of the journal were extracted. This information was used to create a chronology of the journal. The chronology was complemented with information obtained from people who were involved in the evolution of the journal and the Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conferences. Results: Starting as a humble newsletter in 1987 and produced for a small cadre of readers primarily from the United States, the journal is now a full-sized and bound peer-reviewed international journal. Initially cataloged by the Index to Chiropractic Literature and MANTIS, the indexing expanded to interdisciplinary indexing systems such as CINAHL and ultimately PubMed. The journal has grown to serve the needs of chiropractic educators from around the world with representatives on the editorial board from 39 colleges and universities from 15 different countries. The journal has grown in tandem with the profession's leading education and research conference and has been the primary repository for the scholarship of chiropractic education. Conclusion: The history of the journal represents a significant milestone in the development of the chiropractic profession, particularly the discipline of chiropractic education. The journal has had an interesting history and the future promises to bring more opportunities and challenges to the field of chiropractic education and to the journal.
Manikin-Based Clinical Simulation in Chiropractic Education
Authors: McGregor Marion , Giuliano Dominic
Published: November 2012

Objective: The purpose of this pilot investigation was to describe the development and implementation of simulation exercises and investigate the feasibility, satisfaction, and relative effectiveness of a manikin-based simulation program in chiropractic undergraduate education. Methods: This investigation consisted of (1) a qualitative review of other simulation environments and evaluation of related simulation literature to develop the educational processes to be used, (2) implementation of simulation scenarios for 95 student interns and their 11 supervising clinicians, and (3) implementation of simulation scenarios in a random sample of 35 1st-year and 24 2nd-year chiropractic students. Assessment of success was based on results from satisfaction and usability questionnaires and perceived achievement of learning outcomes. Anxiety scores were measured for all participants via a visual analog scale. The level of successful integration of 2nd-year basic science material was assessed using a t test comparing test results between students who participated in the pilot and those who did not. Results: Implementation methods were developed on the basis of qualitative investigation. Simulation program feedback from all participants indicated high levels of satisfaction, usability, and perceived achievement of learning outcomes. Anxiety levels among interns differed according to role chosen (F = 8.07, p = .00). Mean difference in course examination scores of students who participated in simulations versus those who did not was 3.25% favoring students who participated (t = 1.28, p = .10). Conclusions: High levels of student satisfaction and perceived achievement of learning outcomes were consistently achieved. A trend to successful integration of basic science knowledge provides reason for cautious optimism. More research is recommended.
Contraception Use and Pregnancy Risk Among Adolescents in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Canter Hannah , Reed Jennifer , Palmer Chella , Casper T. Charles , Stukus Kristin , Schmidt Sarah , Pickett Michelle , Mollen Cynthia , Elsholz Cara , Cruz Andrea T. , Augustine Erin , Goyal Monika K.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Unintended pregnancy is a major health risk for adolescents in the US, and adolescents face many barriers to obtaining effective and reliable contraception.

Objective

To measure and describe the use of contraception, pregnancy risk index (PRI), and emergency contraception (EC) prescriptions among female adolescents accessing the emergency department (ED) for care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study is a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter trial from April 2021 through April 2022 that used a tablet-based, content-validated, confidential sexual health survey at 6 urban, pediatric tertiary care EDs affiliated with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. Participants were individuals aged 15 to 21 years presenting to the ED who completed the confidential sexual health survey and indicated female sex assigned at birth and prior penile-vaginal sexual intercourse. Data analysis was performed from January 2023 to February 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were the type and proportion of contraception use, the PRI, and provision of EC. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with these outcomes.

Results

A total of 1063 participants (median [IQR] age, 17.5 [16.5-18.3] years) were included in this analysis; 219 (20.8%) identified as Hispanic, 464 (44.1%) identified as non-Hispanic Black, 308 (29.3%) identified as non-Hispanic White, and 61 (5.8%) identified as other races and ethnicities. In total, 756 participants (71.1%) reported contraception use during their last sexual encounter. Long-acting reversible contraception use (LARC) was the least used (164 participants [15.4%]), and 307 (28.9%) reported no contraception use. Sociodemographic factors associated with overall contraception use, and LARC use specifically, included insurance and race and ethnicity. The overall PRI was 7.89, or an expected 8 pregnancies per 100 female individuals per year. Although 108 participants (10.2%) were eligible for EC, EC was ordered for only 6 (5.6%) of those eligible.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of sexually active adolescents presenting to the ED, the majority of participants reported using at least 1 form of contraception; however, LARCs were the least used option, and 28.9% of participants reported no contraceptive use. The unintended pregnancy risk was almost 8% in the study population. Few patients eligible for EC received it. These data suggest a high need and potential opportunity for provision of contraception services in the ED setting.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Opioid Use Disorder Treatment in Primary Care
Authors: del Pozo Brandon , Park Ju Nyeong , Taylor Bruce G. , Wakeman Sarah E. , Ducharme Lori , Pollack Harold A. , Rich Josiah D.
Published: June 2024

This survey study assesses the US public’s perception and awareness regarding medication for opioid use disorder and its availability in primary care settings.
Archidamos (Archidamus)
Authors: Doran Timothy
Published: June 2024

Archidamos II (r. ca. 470–427/6
bce
) was a long‐reigning king of Sparta of the Eurypontid dynasty, son of Zeuxidamos and successor to Leotychidas II, veteran combatant against the helot revolts (the Third Messenian War) after the Great Spartan Earthquake of the mid‐460s, a cautious commander who reluctantly brought Sparta into war against Athens and her empire in 432, the Peloponnesian War.
Stratokles (Stratocles), Athenian politician
Authors: Tracy Stephen V. , Dunn Charlotte
Published: June 2024

Stratokles of Diomeia, son of Euthydemos, was a prominent Athenian politician during the last quarter of the fourth century (ca. 355 to ca. 285?
bce
). Between 307 to 301 Stratokles was prolifically active, putting forth at least 28 decrees in the Athenian assembly. He is particularly known for his extravagant honours and support of the Antigonids, who controlled Athens at various points.
Menander
Authors: Lape Susan
Published: June 2024

Menander, a prolific and esteemed playwright of Greek New Comedy, wrote over one‐hundred comedies in a career spanning thirty years, winning eight victories at Athenian dramatic festivals during his lifetime. He concentrated on domestic comedy featuring romantic plots that unfold in accordance with the norms of Athenian marriage and democratic citizenship. His plays include stock characters and rely heavily on cases of mistaken identity and role‐playing that produce various levels of incongruity humor. The comedies provide evidence for Athenian sociocultural history as well as for some of the changes taking place in the Hellenistic world.
Julia Domna
Authors: Lusnia Susann S.
Published: June 2024

Julia Domna was extraordinary among Roman imperial women. She was probably the most visibly honored woman in Roman history, appearing in imperial sacrifice scenes, handling official correspondence, and receiving honorary titles parallel to those bestowed upon emperors.
Cannibalism
Authors: Felton Debbie , Warburton David A.
Published: June 2024

Cannibalism is a fraught topic, not least because an abundance of partial and unreliable literary evidence from the ancient Near East and Mediterranean stands against very little archaeological evidence, leaving the entire issue a matter of contention. In general, in classical Antiquity the idea itself was abhorrent and considered to be “uncivilized,” largely used as a rhetorical device to characterize the Other. Consequently, ancient authors associated cannibalism with symbolic or ritual behavior in conceptually mythical times, or with contemporaneous foreign peoples. It is possible, however, that in extreme social circumstances cannibalism may even have been practiced among “civilized” peoples, but probably rarely (if at all).
Zipoites (Zipoetes) I–III of Bithynia
Authors: Gabelko Oleg
Published: June 2024

Zipoites I (328–ca. 280–279
bce
) was the founder of the Hellenistic Bithynian kingdom, the first to assume the title of king. His successful wars against the Diadochs and the struggle with the neighboring Greek
poleis
enabled him to strengthen Bithynia and to ensure its independence from the claims of the Seleucids. His second son, who bore the same name, fought for power against his brother Nikomedes I, but did not succeed him and was killed. Zipoites (III), Nikomedes I's son from his second marriage, ruled, as it seems, a part of Bithynia after the civil war of the 250s, but then was forced to leave the country and lived in Macedonia till 220
bce
.
Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women Observed in the Nurses’ Health Study Cohorts
Authors: Rossato Sinara , Oakes Emily G. , Barbhaiya Medha , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Malspeis Susan , Willett Walter C. , Khandpur Neha , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: June 2024

Objective

We assessed ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence within the prospective Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) cohorts.

Methods

A total of 204,175 women were observed (NHS 1984–2016; NHSII 1991–2017). Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were completed every two to four years. UPF intake was determined as per the Nova classification. Nurses self‐reported new doctor‐diagnosed SLE, confirmed by medical records. Time‐varying Cox regressions estimated hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for patients with incident SLE and SLE by anti–double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody at diagnosis, according to cumulatively updated daily (a) UPF servings, (b) total intake (in grams and milliliters), and (c) percentage of total intake. Analyses adjusted for age, race, cohort, caloric and alcohol intakes, household income, smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, menarchal age, and oral contraceptive use. We tested for interaction with BMI and examined UPF categories.

Results

Mean baseline age was ~50 years (NHS) and ~36 years (NHSII); 93% self‐reported White race. A total of 212 patients with incident SLE were identified. SLE risk was higher in the third versus first UPF tertile (servings per day pooled multivariable [MV] HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.32; P = 0.03). Results were stronger for dsDNA antibody in patients with SLE (servings per day pooled MV HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15–3.65; P = 0.01) and for absolute (servings or total) than percentage of total intake. Sugar‐sweetened/artificially sweetened beverages were associated with SLE risk (third vs first tertile MV HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.01–2.09). No BMI interactions were observed.

Conclusion

Higher cumulative average daily UPF intake was associated with >50% increased SLE risk and with doubled risk for anti‐dsDNA antibody in patients with SLE. Many deleterious effects on systemic inflammation and immunity are postulated.