bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escenarios sociales asociados con el brote de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Pignuoli Ocampo Sergio
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se examinan los escenarios sociales planteados por la pandemia de coronavirus desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de sistemas sociales. La indagación se realiza en dos pasos: en el primero de ellos, en diálogo con la virología, la epidemiología y la demografía, se analiza la forma comunicativa amenazante del virus SARS-CoV-2 y de la enfermedad COVID-19 así como su evolución en el tiempo mediante la distinción riesgo/peligro; y en el segundo paso, se observa la dinámica de las interacciones, las organizaciones, los sistemas de protesta y de la sociedad mundial, enfocando algunos de sus sistemas funcionales como la religión, la política, la salud y la economía.
Coronavirus, crisis y crítica
Authors: Lessenich Stephan
Published: April 2022

La pandemia del Covid-19 no marca un cambio epocal y el coronavirus no es un shock exógeno. Lo que vivenciamos actualmente como crisis son los efectos destructivos del capitalismo globalizado y su modo “normal” de reproducción. Tampoco es cierto que la gestión política de la crisis haya puesto la protección de la vida por sobre todas las otras racionalidades, incluida la económica. Antes bien, es claro que todos los gobiernos de los países afectados han procedido de manera altamente selectiva a la hora de definir qué vidas son dignas de protección y cuáles no. Ante esta situación, la sociología se enfrenta a un doble desafío: debe desnacionalizar de una vez por todas sus análisis y desempeñar ofensivamente el rol de una ciencia socialmente comprometida.
Notas sobre los itinerarios de Justa Ezpeleta y Elsie Rockwell en los años 60, 70 y 80. Los usos de Antonio Gramsci en la construcción de una etnografía educativa
Authors: Gomez Sebastián
Published: April 2022

En la interfaz entre la historia intelectual y la sociología de la educación, el artículo aborda los usos de Antonio Gramsci efectuados por la argentina Justa Ezpeleta y la mexicana Elsie Rockwell en los años 70 y 80 en el marco de la estructuración de una etnográfica educativa crítica desde el Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas (DIE), Distrito Federal (México).
Durante los años 60/70, en un contexto signado por la radicalización política y teórica, se dirimió la formación académica de Rockwell y Ezpeleta. Tal contexto les permitió un acercamiento creativo al paradigma crítico y a innovadoras experiencias educativas. Ante la irrupción del golpe cívico militar de 1976 en Argentina, Ezpeleta buscará refugio en el Distrito Federal y encontrará en el DIE su lugar de trabajo. Rockwell trabajaba en la institución desde 1973, comprometida en la elaboración y seguimiento de libros de textos. Será el DIE el espacio de encuentro entre Ezpeleta y Rockwell, donde desplegarán una singular línea de investigación: la etnografía educativa crítica. Si bien esta contaba con antecedentes, las autoras establecieron una perspectiva original. Entre sus referentes teóricos, sobresalió el pensamiento de Gramsci, de amplia circulación política y académica durante los 70 y 80 en México. El artículo considera que, en la construcción de la etnografía educativa, los escritos gramscianos fueron empleados en cuatro niveles para: (a) fundamentar la perspectiva epistemológica; (b) dilucidar la historicidad del vínculo entre Estado, sociedad civil e institución escolar; (c) analizar las presencias cotidianas de las clases subalternas en la escuela; (d) cimentar un proyecto político educativo basado en la autonomía y el protagonismo popular.
Si bien la recepción de Gramsci en México durante los años 70 y 80 está siendo crecientemente indagada, el plano educativo constituye una vacancia. El artículo expone resultados producidos a través de estrategias y técnicas metodológicas de corte cualitativo.
Mortalidad por causas externas en personas mayores. Tendencias en Argentina, 2000-2014
Authors: Pelaez Enrique , Acosta Laura , Molinatti Florencia
Published: April 2022

El problema del maltrato de las personas mayores o del comportamiento negligente hacia ellos ha llevado que sea abordado en diferentes instrumentos de derechos humanos; entre ellos, el Consenso de Montevideo sobre Población y Desarrollo y la Convención Interamericana sobre la Protección de los Derechos Humanos de las Personas Mayores.
Teniendo en cuenta este marco jurídico, y como primer paso para abordar la problemática de la mortalidad como consecuencia del maltrato o del comportamiento negligente hacia las personas mayores en nuestro país, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar las tendencias en la mortalidad por causas externas en personas mayores (60 años y más) en Argentina entre 2000 y 2014.
Se calcularon tasas de mortalidad por estas causas (por 100.000 habitantes) entre personas de 60 años y más, por sexo, ajustadas por edad por el método directo, utilizando la población estándar de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para explorar las tendencias en las tasas de mortalidad por causas externas estandarizadas por edad, utilizaremos modelos de regresión de Jointpoint. Los análisis de Joinpoint se realizan utilizando el Programa de Regresión de Joinpoint v. 4.0.4 del US National Cancer Institute.
Se espera que los resultados de este estudio permitan establecer una primera visibilización de la problemática de las causas externas en este grupo poblacional.
Editorial. Astrolabio Nueva Época, N° 26
Authors: Pelaez Enrique , González Leandro M.
Published: April 2022

Presentación de la sección monográfica Nº 26: Dinámica demográfica latinoamericana
La apuesta por la sociología. Una reconstrucción de las trayectorias de Ricardo Levene y Raúl Orgaz en perspectiva comparada
Authors: Vila Esteban Ezequiel
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo estudia un problema que aún no ha sido explorado en el campo de la historia de la sociología argentina: la centralidad que adquirió la sociología cordobesa comparada con la sociología porteña durante los años que van desde la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 hasta la fundación del Instituto de Sociología de Buenos Aires en 1940. La ausencia de textos redactados desde Buenos Aires que identifiquen problemas clave de este período es un indicador del tipo de historia que se ha escrito sobre el desarrollo institucional de la sociología argentina, es decir, aquella que se centró en la capital del país luego de las fundaciones del departamento y la carrera en la Universidad de Buenos Aires en 1957. Por este motivo, el artículo se abocará a reconstruir las apuestas intelectuales que realizaron los dos titulares de “Sociología” de las principales universidades argentinas de la época: Ricardo Levene y Raúl Orgaz. Tomando en cuenta los aportes a la sociología del conocimiento de Karl Mannheim, Robert Merton y Pierre Bourdieu, podrá brindarse una explicación de los motivos por los cuales Orgaz se inclinó hacia la sociología, realizando una labor de actualización permanente de las novedades sociológicas a nivel internacional y, como correlato, de producción en torno a ellas, mientras Levene no mostró avances en este sentido, dando cuenta de una magra producción en relación con la sociología.
Más allá de la infertilidad: narrativas de usuarias sobre reproducción asistida en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Johnson María Cecilia
Published: April 2022

El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación doctoral en género centrada en la experiencia de mujeres argentinas con las Técnicas de Reproducción Humana Asistida (TRHA). En Argentina, la ley que regula el acceso a las TRHA garantiza el acceso a una diversidad de personas usuarias que no siempre parten de un diagnóstico de infertilidad. Se propone como objetivo principal conocer las diversas relaciones de las usuarias de TRHA con la tecnología reproductiva. Desde una perspectiva feminista, se trabaja con el análisis cualitativo de relatos de usuarias de TRHA, mediante su codificación.
Como resultados se identifican dos grandes categorías: “relatos de reparación”, donde la decisión de usar las TRHA se vincula a la noción de infertilidad; y los “relatos de simultaneidad”, donde la tecnología reproductiva aparece posibilitando una decisión reproductiva. Estas reflexiones constituyen un aporte para pensar las tecnologías desde las propias experiencias de las usuarias, así como las tensiones en la construcción de la autonomía reproductiva.
La razón evaluadora en la alfabetización y algunas grietas por donde descolonizar la escritura
Authors: Giuliano Facundo
Published: April 2022

Frente a la instalación de nuevos discursos que elogian la escritura alfabética sin más o promueven la denominada “gramatización del mundo”, las páginas aquí compartidas se plantean explorar en un primer momento lo que podría entenderse como “el lado más oscuro de la escritura alfabética”. Por ello, se recurre a diferentes fuentes que permiten ver el lugar de la razón evaluadora en la diseminación de la alfabetización moderna con su insoslayable cara colonial, al tiempo que, como contrapartida, se reúnen distintas perspectivas que abren grietas poéticas en el alfabetizar. En este sentido, se destaca la potencia de la oralidad en la escritura de modo que puedan avistarse otros horizontes de alfabetización (a los establecidos por la modernidad) y plantearse desde allí algunas gestualidades descolonizadoras. Luego se reflexiona sobre los motivos de la escritura respecto de lo que ella implica en sí misma o desde cierta teleología, y se indaga una dimensión ético-política de su corrección e incorrección. Hacia el final, se ofrecen dos testimonios docentes que, desde lo que podrían ser dos huellas de conversación, invitan a pensar la escritura de otros modos. Por último, la tinta llega a su final con una breve indagación sobre lo que puede una pluma cuando la vellicatio no es su destino.
Músicos/as y agentes estatales disputando política cultural en el circuito de rock de la ciudad de La Plata
Authors: Cingolani Josefina
Published: April 2022

El vínculo entre músicos/as de rock y agencias estatales ha sido en nuestro país históricamente dinámico, intermitente, cambiante. Un clima de época iniciado en los años 2000, tanto en Argentina como en Latinoamérica, caracterizado por demandas de políticas culturales democrático-participativas, se tradujo en una modificación en el vínculo entre hacedores culturales y agentes estatales. Buscando contribuir al debate en torno al diseño e implementación de estas políticas, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las lógicas, las legitimidades y las disputas existentes en el vínculo entre músicos/as de rock de la ciudad de La Plata y agencias estatales locales. Para ello, partiremos de un conjunto de políticas culturales que tuvo lugar durante 2016 y 2017 que permitió ver procesos de articulación entre ambos actores, así como instancias de tensión, consenso y reposicionamiento. La investigación se desarrolló en base a una estrategia metodológica de tipo cualitativa, aplicando distintas técnicas de recolección y producción de datos, como entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante, cartografía, sombreo (Jirón, 2012) y relevamiento y análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias.
Patrimonio arquitectónico, accesibilidad y derechos humanos. Lineamientos para una actualización del marco normativo de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina
Authors: Slavin Estefanía
Published: April 2022

Tanto la preservación del patrimonio arquitectónico como la accesibilidad física, sensorial e intelectual y comunicacional son reconocidos como derechos humanos. Cuando una persona o grupo encuentra condicionada su posibilidad de acceder, usar y disfrutar determinados espacios, sus derechos se encuentran vulnerados. Esto perjudica, principalmente, a personas con discapacidad, personas mayores, personas gestantes, niñas o niños, y tiene un impacto en la vida de todas y todos porque nadie está exento de necesitar condiciones de accesibilidad en algún momento de la vida. Sin embargo, garantizarla en edificios protegidos no es tan sencillo como en una construcción nueva, y la legislación cumple un rol importante que es necesario analizar. En el caso de Argentina, y particularmente de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, se detectan grandes vacíos legales y una notable falta de articulación entre las temáticas, lo que impacta en la realidad material de sus construcciones protegidas. El objetivo de esta investigación es revisar y aportar a ese marco legal desde el enfoque de derechos para convertirlo en una herramienta acorde a los paradigmas actuales, con perspectiva de discapacidad y perspectiva de géneros. Empleando una metodología principalmente cualitativa, recopilando y estudiando de manera crítica una selección de normas que abordan el binomio accesibilidad y patrimonio a escala internacional, nacional y local, se busca contribuir a proteger los valores de los bienes y democratizar su acceso al mismo tiempo.
Epidemias, protagonismos e direitos específicos de saúde: a criação do Distrito Sanitário Yanomami e a Política de Saúde Indígena no Brasil (1991-2021)
Authors: Romano Athila Adriana
Published: April 2022

São reconhecidas as condições historicamente desiguais de povos indígenas, em múltiplos determinantes sociais, graus de reconhecimento e acesso a direitos específicos, com especial impacto sobre sua saúde. Estudos contemporâneos evidenciam uma consistente replicação de desigualdades nas condições de vida e saúde de indígenas, quando comparados a não indígenas, na América Latina como em países de diferentes continentes. Através de uma análise sociopolítica e histórica, calcada na etnografia de documentos produzidos sobretudo em meio ao curso das epidemias que exterminariam cerca de 15% da população Yanomami da Amazônia brasileira, na década de 80, e de seu caráter impulsionador da criação formal do Primeiro Distrito Sanitário Indígena do país, abordo parte do longo percurso de mobilizações indígenas e indigenistas em torno da construção de uma Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde de Povos Indígenas. É quando uma gestão das epidemias e violações de direitos humanos, operada por uma rede transdisciplinar e transnacional atua contrariamente à invisibilidade deste segmento populacional, produzindo dados específicos sobre sua saúde e território, gerando efeitos legais inéditos no aparato do Estado brasileiro. Por outro lado, ao destacar o caráter fundamental e recomendável da participação de indígenas na formulação e implementação de políticas de saúde, contrasto o sólido percurso da política de saúde indígena ao pouco diálogo entre Estado, Povos indígenas e ações de saúde específicas no Brasil, diante da corrente Pandemia de Covid-19.
Manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a promising pathogenic approach in rheumatic inflammatory diseases – A review
Authors:   1 Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital,  Bucharest, Romania  2 Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania, Anghel Daniela , Petrache Oana ,   Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital,  Bucharest, Romania, Hoinoiu Mădălina ,   Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital,  Bucharest, Romania, Ioniţă Radu Florentina ,   1 Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital,  Bucharest, Romania  2 Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of  Medicine, Bucharest, Romania, Costache Raluca ,   1 Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital,  Bucharest, Romania  2 Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of  Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2022

A symbiotic association between humans and microbes has been established over time. Disruptions in gut homeostasis have been linked to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Factors such as genetics, environment, diet, age, and medication play a major role in shaping the intestinal microbiome. An altered gut microbiome seems to modulate the progression and severity of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Disruptions in the eubiotic state of the intestinal microbiome might promote intestinal and extraintestinal autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, although the mechanisms involved are not well understood. In this review, we provide a general overview of several studies concerning intestinal microbiome perturbations and their implications in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between diet, intestinal microbiota, and inflammation.
Innovative solution for SARS-COV2 epidemic management
Authors:   Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stanciu Silviu , Gurzun Magdalena ,   Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Iancu Diana ,   Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Gheorghita Valeriu ,   Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Lupascu Cristian ,   certSIGN Bucharest, Romania, Gugulea George ,   certSIGN Bucharest, Romania, Ropot Armand ,   certSIGN Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic challenged the authorities into taking measures that limit the spread of the virus in the community. TAMEC project (Advanced Community Approaches to Epidemic Management) developed a system that detects the contacts of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and alerts them using mobile applications. It allows real-time analysis of confirmed patients and identified contacts, early detection of new outbreaks, and provides decisionmaking information to prevent viral transmission. The system uses its patent for homomorphic encryption, a method that allows to process and manipulate data in an encrypted format, without having access to the original data. Thus, the solution proposed in the TAMEC project fully respects the privacy rules of citizens imposed by the EU, using the concept of privacy preservation. Our solution offers the possibility to identify and validate a risk score that could become an extremely helpful tool in the stratification of COVID-19 patients. The TAMEC system is innovative in its simplicity and ability to facilitate the prevention of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the community.
Negative-pressure wound therapy – advantages and disadvantages
Authors:   Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania  Department of Surgery, 3th Emergency Surgery Department, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Pariza George , Mavrodin Carmen I. ,   Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania  Department of Surgery, 3th Emergency Surgery Department, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Buzatu Valentina A. ,   "Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania  Department of Surgery, 3th Emergency Surgery Department, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania", Turcan Natalia ,   Department of Surgery, 3th Emergency Surgery Department, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Cirstoiu Monica M. ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Cretu Bogdan ,   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania  Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania, Cirstoiu Catalin ,   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania  Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2022

The applications of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have achieved remarkable diversification. Initially used in the therapy of soft tissue wounds related to open fractures, this technique led to the understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying it. This paper aims to analyze the evolutionary scenarios of a group of patients with heterogeneous lesions under negative pressure aspiration treatment. We aimed to identify and analyze various associated pathologies that have the potential to negatively influence the healing process under negative pressure treatment and implicitly analyze the particularities of representative cases for the group whose evolution under treatment proved to be unfavorable. Retrospective, observational study, type series of cases focused on a group of 17 hospitalized patients, who received treatment by negative aspiration, between 2015-2019 in the Surgery Department of the University Emergency Hospital Bucharest. Regarding the obtained results, diabetes mellitus, obliterating arteriopathy, and anemia had a prevalent distribution in the group with unfavorable evolution. The glycemic value can predict 17% of the evolutionary scenario of a patient (favorable/unfavorable) being necessary an integrative therapeutic conduct. Concluding, although an extremely promising therapeutic option, NPWT can prove to be disappointing given its impact in the background of suboptimally managed comorbidities.
A review of the need to provide hyperbaric medical research infrastructure for the treatment of combat-related injuries
Authors:   Supreme university and research institute on National Defense and Strategies, Department of AMAD, defense technology and passive defense  HBOT research center, Golestan hospital, Tehran, Iran, Dolatimehr Fardin , Oliaei Shahram ,   Diving &Hyperbaric oxygen therapist, AJA medical university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran  HBOT research center, Golestan hospital, Tehran, Iran, Mehraeen Esmaeil ,   Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
Published: April 2022

HBOT has been used quite extensively in the last couple of decades. But there are not many centers that offer this treatment, even in civilian situations. This review has described the rationale and clinical evidence for equipping medical centers with HBO systems, especially in military areas. A narrative review of all the literature available on HBOT in combat-related injuries, studies were retrieved from systematic searches on Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, ISC, Google Scholar, and by cross-referencing until 2020. First, the etiological mechanisms of action of HBOT were discussed. Furthermore, we have provided an overview of 117 studies that clinically investigated the effect of HBOT in the last couple of decades. Therefore, based on the number of studies showing a positive effect, to speed up the treatment process, especially in war-related injuries, it is better to provide its infrastructure and equip hospitals and centers with HBO.
Evaluation of the accuracy of E-FAST ultrasound in blunt trauma patients referred to the Emergency Department
Authors:   Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Goodarzi Hassan , Timarchi Ali N. ,   Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Raeeszadeh Mohammad ,   Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mahmoodi Sardollah ,   Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Javadzadeh Hamid R. ,   Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Heydari Soleyman ,   Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Trauma is one of the most common causes of death in the world. E-Fast ultrasound can detect the haemoperitoneum, intravenous pneumothorax, and hemothorax. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of E-FAST focused ultrasound in blunt trauma patients referred to the Emergency Department. Methods: In this study 167 blunt trauma patients were included. E-FAST is performed from four standard spaces in terms of free fluid, chest in terms of hemothorax, and pneumothorax. Ultrasound is performed on the trauma patient and the obtained results were compared with the result of the standard gold CT scan test. All patient information including age, sex, mechanism of trauma, patient ISS, E-FAST result, and CT scan result were registered. Results: Overall, 174 patients were included that 45 (25.9%) of them were females. The mean age of the patients was 38.39±12.31 years. E-FAST had a sensitivity of 66.7 and a specificity of 100% in the diagnosis of hemothorax. Also, a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99.4% were detected for 120 people in both normal tests. Conclusion: The results show E-FAST is a suitable alternative to CT scan in the diagnosis of hemothorax, pneumothorax, and free fluid in the abdomen, vulva, and pericardial cavity. Due to portability, safe body, no need for contrast, fast performance, as well as cheapness, and reproducibility, it will be a great help in diagnosing trauma-related lesions and prompt and timely treatment. CT scan should be used only in limited cases and special indications.
Diagnostic predictability of using portal vein diameter in confirming portal hypertension
Authors:   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Somakumar Varsha , Manoharan Cibi ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Srikanth V.S. ,   Command Hospital Air Force, Kannan Rajesh ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Tomy Chitra ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Vasant Anagha ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Marwaha Vishal ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Mujeeb V.R. ,   Command Hospital Air Force
Published: April 2022

Objective: To find an accurate cut-off value for Portal vein diameter as a diagnostic tool for Portal hypertension on comparing with Doppler ultrasound, CT abdomen, or endoscopy of collateral circulation. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 100 patients. Inclusion criteria were patients above the age of 15 years who underwent routine USG abdomen for various conditions in the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital. Distribution of age, gender, chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, and portal vein diameter of all the patients were measured and recorded. Portal hypertension was diagnosed using the presence of collaterals either on upper endoscopy (if done), Doppler USG, or CT multiphase abdomen. Results: Portal vein diameter of 10.5mm was found to have a sensitivity of 61.22%, specificity of 60.78%, a positive predictive value of 60.00%, a negative predictive value of 62.00%, and accuracy of 61.00%. 45 out of 59 (76.3%) and 37 out of 49 (75.5%) patients of the 50-70 years age group had chronic liver disease and portal hypertension respectively. 45 out of 65 (69.2%) males 37 out of 65 (56.9%) males developed CLD and PHTN. Conclusion: Using portal vein diameter as a diagnostic indicator of PHTN has an accuracy of %, so it can be used in routine USG abdomen of CLD patients to prevent the dreaded complications of PHTN and treat it early. Male gender and patients above the fifth decade were increasingly predisposed to both CLD and PHTN.
Comparison of the effect of intravenous ketamine and midazolam as a premedication in children undergoing cochlear implantation at the time of separation from parents
Authors:   Trauma research center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical  Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Delavari Abasali , Madani Seyed ,   Trauma research center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical  Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rahmani Abbas ,   Trauma research center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical  Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Lak Marzieh ,   Trauma research center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical  Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Background and aim: Preoperative anxiety and fear of separation from parents are some of the most important preoperative problems for children with deaf muteness. Here, the effect of intravenous administration of ketamine and midazolam was compared on sedation in children who candidates for choral cochlear implantation at the time of separation from parents. Patients and methods: This double-blind, prospective clinical study was performed on 74 children with deaf-muteness before cochlear implantation. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, midazolam (0.1 mg /kg) and ketamine (1 mg/kg). The sedation anxiety score scale (SASS) form was filled in to assess the anxiety and sedation status for each child. The children's relaxation score from recovery was assessed by the PACU sedation score scale (PACUSSS). Results: The average of the children's anxiety score after the injection of both drugs during the separation from their parents was 3, and there was no significant difference in the mean of SASS between the two groups (p>0.05). The mean PACU sedation score scale in both ketamine and midazolam groups was 1.08 ± 0.89 and 1.32 ± 1.01, respectively (p = 0.27). The mean of extubation and recovery times in the ketamine group were 10.44 ± 4.47 and 30.27 ± 6.87, respectively, while the mean extubation and recovery times in the midazolam group were 11.83 ± 3.33 and 29.81 ± 6.31 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Both ketamine and midazolam caused equal sedation scores in children with deaf muteness at the time of separating from their parents.
Evaluation of in-vitro bactericidal activity and anticancer effects of venom fractions of Pseudocerastes persicus snake
Authors:   ", Nodooshan Majid ,   Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems biology and  poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical  Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Sobati Hossein ,   Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah  University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran, Malekara Ehsan ,   Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems biology and  poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical  Sciences,Tehran, Iran, Goodarzi Hamid ,   Department of venomous animals and anti venom production,  Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran, Ebrahimi Firouz ,   Science Biology Research Center, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran, Normohamadi Ashkan ,   Science Biology Research Center, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran, Zargan Jamil ,   Science Biology Research Center, Imam Hussein University, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Introduction: It was reported that snake venom contains a wide mixture of proteins and peptides with various toxicological and pharmacological effects. In recent years, the isolation of effective molecules from snake venom as a drug to treatment of some incurable diseases is considered by many biological research centers. This investigation aimed to determine electrophoretic and chromatographic patterns of Pseudocerastes persicus snake venom and in-vitro study of bactericidal and anti-cancer properties of its fractions in a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Materials and methods: The fractions of venom were isolated and collected using preparative RP-HPLC. The Bactericidal activity of fractions in 20 μg/ml of protein concentration was investigated toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial susceptibility tests were done using MTT and MIC assays. Furthermore, cell viability was measured by MTT reduction assay and confirmed with Neutral red uptake assay following exposure of HepG2 cancer cells to 20 and 40 μg/ml of protein concentrations of fractions having more antibacterial properties. Apoptotic effects were investigated using the comet assay. Results: SDS-PAGE pattern of the crude venom revealed 10 major bands with molecular weight ranging from 13.2 to 99.25 kDa and the single-step separation of different fractions from the venom by HPLC resulted in isolation and collection of 11 fractions. The results of this study showed that two fractions of snake venom have significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive as compared to Gram-negative bacteria. On the other hand, our findings indicated that one of them is not toxic to the HepG2 cells. Discussion: We for the first time reported bactericidal and anticancer effects of isolated fractions of Persian horned viper venom. These properties make components of these fractions a favorable source for isolation of molecule(s) with antibacterial and antitumor activities.
In-silico evaluation of the potential of a viral protein (apoptin) as an anticancer agent
Authors:   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Razliqi Masoud E. , Najafi Ali ,   Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of  Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Olad Gholamreaza ,   Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Ghaleh Hadi E.G. ,   Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

As a significant immunosuppressive virus, chicken anemia virus (CAV) is common among natural poultry hosts and newborn chickens. It contains a tiny single-stranded negative circular DNA genome, encoding three proteins vp1, vp2, and vp3. Apoptin, encoded by the vp3 gene of the CAV virus, is a small protein whose subcellular localization appears to be crucial for tumor-selective activity. Residing in the cytoplasm of normal cells, it translocates into the nucleus in cancerous cells. Apoptin has attracted much attention because of causes specific death in transformed and cancer cells and has toxic effects on cancer cells. In-silico analysis of apoptin revealed the unknown structural and functional features. Physicochemical features and sequence analysis and secondary structure prediction were also conducted using Expasy server tools. Furthermore, the global structure of apoptin was modeled using the I-TASSER server and antigenic features were obtained via the application of the IEBD web tools. The results of in-silico analysis indicated that this protein had a stable structure, was a suitable choice for therapeutic goals, capable of acting as a good anti-cancer agent.
Cloning and surface expression of engineered enzyme of organophosphorus hydrolase in E. coli and evaluation of its function
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences,  North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Ashiani Hossein , Farnoosh Gholamreza ,   Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Systems Biology and  Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,  Tehran, Iran, Movahedi Monireh ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences,  North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Seidmoradi Rezvan ,   Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Systems Biology and  Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,  Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, the chemical compounds of organophosphate cause biological contamination due to their presence in the environment and production of metabolites, which endanger the health of humans and organisms. Thus, it is crucial to use a safe method to eliminate the contamination of these compounds. The objective of the present study was cloning and surface expression of the engineered enzyme of organophosphorus hydrolase in E. coli and comparing its function with the non-engineered enzyme. The present study aimed at improving the function of the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme by expressing this enzyme along with Ice nucleation protein (INP) on the surface of bacterial cells. For this purpose, the OPH enzyme coding sequence was cloned in the pET28a-InaV-N plasmid and sent into E. coli, the strain of BL21 (DE3) and protein expression was evaluated at 37° C after 16 hours of induction. To examine the site of expression of the recombinant protein, cell components (cytoplasm, inner membrane, and outer membrane) were separated and the results were analyzed by using SDS-PAGE. The results revealed that OPH enzyme protein was presented as a protein fusion with a molecular weight of 58 KDa next to the INP anchor on the surface of the outer membrane of the cell. The specific activity of the resulting protein was calculated at 3828.8 U/mg after incubation of this enzyme in the vicinity of the substrate at 37° C. based on the results of the present study, it seems that the expression of engineered enzyme and its presentation on the cell surface is an achievement in using the cell as a degrading agent of organophosphate toxins and eliminating the costs of downstream processes such as purification and refolding of protein.
Clinical profile of Mediterranean fever – Study from an Indian tertiary care center
Authors:   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, Somakumar Varsha , Srikanth V.S. ,   Command Hospital Air Force, India, Manoharan Cibi ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, Marwaha Vishal ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, Mujeeb V.R. ,   Command Hospital Air Force, India, Pillai M.G.K. ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, Bastine Anna M. ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, Ashraf Mehana ,   Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which is also known as Mediterranean fever. It is acquired from the handling of infected animals or consuming contaminated milk or milk products. The incubation period varies from 1-3 weeks to several months before clinical disease appearance and it shows multiorgan involvement. This study focuses on the varied presentation of this disease and laboratory findings. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study, where the past 15 years data of cases diagnosed with brucellosis was studied in a tertiary care center in South India. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, duration of stay in the hospital, hematological and biochemistry profiles were collected and analyzed in SPSS. Results: More number cases were found among the male gender (70%), mostly in the 20- 40 years age group (40%). 95% of cases reported fever, 40% with arthralgia (29% generalized in nature), and 32% with a headache. A Positive Pearson correlation between CRP and NLR, and CRP and PLR were found, which was statistically significant. Mean laboratory values were documented. 37% of patients were found to have hepatosplenomegaly on ultrasound Conclusion: Most of the patients were admitted as cases with pyrexia of unknown origin. Our study focused on the different clinical presentations and laboratory findings of brucellosis and will help give a better understanding and outline during brucellosis case diagnosis and management in a cost-efficient manner.
Common artefacts in myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors:   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Carol Davila University, Mititelu Raluca , Stanciu Silviu ,   Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University Central  Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania  Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest,  Romania, Mazilu Catalin ,   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Carol Davila University, Mititelu Teodora ,   Military Medicine Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Mititelu Letitia ,   Military Medicine Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Gherman Alina M. ,   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Carol Davila University Central Emergency Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2022

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an important non-invasive imaging method, which allows the assessment of perfusion in the cells of the myocardial wall. The images are obtained after administration of a radiopharmaceutical at rest and/or after maximal stress (physical effort or pharmaceutical stress). Infarction areas or scars will not show any uptake of the radiopharmaceutical, neither in rest nor at stress (fixed defects), while the ischemic area will show reduced uptake at stress with recovery to normal perfusion at rest (reversible defects). MPI is a complex technique and it requires an experienced team to foresee, avoid, correct or minimize the artifacts that might appear in all the phases of the study In this paper, we will present the most important categories of artifacts, based on the category of problem where they were generated. We will also present some solutions for limiting these artifacts or for recognizing and minimizing their effect for those which cannot be avoided.
The impact of website quality on customer loyalty with the intermediate role of social capital: A case study of the Bamilo website
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran, Hajiesfandiari Abbas , Zakipour Mehdi ,   Department of Business Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Bamillo website quality on customer loyalty through the mediating role of social capital. This research is applied in terms of purpose and it is a field study in terms of data collection. The population of the study included all users of the Bamilo website who had at least one purchase order from this site. Accordingly, 384 people were selected through available sampling. The instrument used in the research was the standard questionnaire of China et al. (2016), which confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling with the partial least squares method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the quality of information on-site information quality on cognitive capital was rejected and its impact on structural capital was confirmed. The quality of the site system on cognitive capital is also rejected and its impact on structural capital is confirmed. On the other hand, the quality of site services has an impact on cognitive capital and structural capital. Also, cognitive capital and communication capital affect communication capital, and cognitive capital and communication capital affect customer loyalty. However, the impact of the capitalist mediation mediated the relationship between information quality and system quality with customer loyalty. Cognitive capital also mediates the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty, and structural capital mediates the relationship between information quality and customer loyalty. On the other hand, the mediating role of structural capital in the relationship between system quality and customer loyalty was confirmed and structural capital mediated the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty.
De la historia agraria clásica a la nueva: Costa Rica y Estados Unidos
Authors: Gudmundson Lowell
Published: April 2022

En las últimas tres décadas la historiografía costarricense y latinoamericanista estadounidense han presenciado la proliferación de nuevas temáticas y enfoques y una pérdida paralela de interés por los temas agrarios, anteriormente hasta dominantes en ciertos momentos y espacios. El presente ensayo ofrece un comentario autobiográfico sobre estos nuevos rumbos de la investigación en ambos países y sus lazos menos visibles con el agrarismo, así como un análisis de su lógica dentro de los contextos radicalmente alterados tras el fin de la Guerra Fría y dentro de la urbanización y profesionalización posmodernas.
El giro sistémico en los estudios rurales franceses
Authors: Cornu Pierre
Published: April 2022

Después de dos décadas de modernización agrícola en la que los estudios rurales franceses se vieron profundamente arraigados, la crisis de la década de 1970 condujo al surgimiento de formas radicales de crítica, tanto entre actores sociales como investigadores, cuestionando la forma en que las biociencias y la economía habían contribuido a legitimar el proceso de racionalización. Este periodo de duda ha dado lugar a un aggiornamento epistemológico fundamental, cuyo desarrollo todavía podemos presenciar hoy en los estudios rurales y ambientales. Basado en un proyecto de elaboración conjunta con instituciones agronómicas, así como en un corpus de archivos científicos y fuentes orales, este documento tiene como objetivo explicar el aumento del holismo en la reevaluación de la «cuestión agraria» en el último cuarto del siglo xx.
pujolismo entre gestión y cultura política. Unas notas interpretativas (1980-2003)
Authors: Lo Cascio Paola
Published: April 2022

Este artículo se propone ofrecer unas notas interpretativas, forzosamente sintéticas, de aquella experiencia política definida comúnmente como pujolismo. Es decir, de la cultura política que fue hegemónica electoralmente en Cataluña entre 1980 y 2003 y que se tradujo en una larga experiencia de gobierno al frente de las instituciones catalanas en el mismo periodo. Para abarcar una temática tan compleja y amplia se abordará el objeto de estudio a través de la selección de dos dinámicas consideradas especialmente significativas: la de la gestión y realización de algunas de las políticas de la Generalitat entre 1980 y 2003 y de la paralela evolución de la cultura política asociada a ellas.
MEASUREMENT OF RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER THICKNESS IN PATIENTS OF UNILATERAL AMBLYOPIA USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Munim Abdul , Abbas Sohaib , Ahmed Arsalan , Sarfaraz Sana Ahmed , Ikram Rahela
Published: April 2022

Background: The retinal changes that develop in the eyes during amblyopia are still unclear. It has been proven that thickness of the nerve fiber layer of the retina is positively correlated with refractive error. The objective of the present study was to measure the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT) using Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT) in patients of amblyopia. Method: A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of LRBT Free Eye Hospital, Lahore for 6 months. After meeting the inclusion criteria, 80 patients (40 amblyopic and 40 normal) were taken and grouped as A and B. Socio-demographic details of all the patients were recorded. They then underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation that included BCVA, slit lamp biomicroscopy, OCT examination was carried by TOPCON OCT. Each examination was done using the “fast retinal thickness” protocol for each test eye. Mean RNFLT was calculated for each eye. Results: The mean age of patients was 12.58±4.44 years. There were 20 (50%) males and 20 (50%) females. In amblyopic eyes, the mean RNFLT was 125.82±13.06mm while in normal eyes, the mean RNFLT was 94.82±1.11mm. The overall mean RNFLT was significantly higher in amblyopic eyes as compared to normal eyes (p<0.01), as well as significant when data was stratified for age and gender. Conclusion: There was significant difference observed in RNFLT in amblyopic eyes as compared to normal eyes. So these results can help us to enhance our knowledge and understand the causes of amblyopia hence improving diagnosis and management of disease.