bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic and environmental characterization of the residents of igarapé santa cruz, breves, arquipelago de marajó, pará, Brazil
Authors: Alves Marques João Raimundo , Nunes Gutjahr Ana Lúcia , Souza Braga Carlos Elias de
Published: December 2021

The socioeconomic and environmental problems resulting from disordered occupation on the outskirts of cities propitiate dire living conditions. In this scenario, it is important to develop studies that describe people's living conditions and the degree of environmental degradation to which they are subject. Thus, this study aims to diagnose the socioeconomic and environmental aspects of the residents living on the bank of the Santa Cruz stream that is located in the peripheral area of ​​the municipality of Breves, Pará. The study is a quantitative and descriptive research in which the questionnaire was used to collect information on the socioeconomic and environmental profile of 257 families living in the Santa Cruz stream. The results showed that the majority of the inhabitants (57.30%) have incomplete Elementary School; 72.36% receive less than 1 minimum wage, the main occupation is informal work, 77.82% live in houses built of wood, 68.09% of households use the water from the stream for domestic use, 48.64% of households have a sanitary destination for dry cesspits and 13, 62% the sanitary destination is direct in the stream. In this context, residents live in a favorable conditions to social exclusion, unhealthiness and diseases, due to the poor socioeconomic, environmental and infrastructure conditions. Therefore, that the diagnosis of living conditions of the resident population of the stream, experience conditions of misery and abandonment.
Development of decontamination and detergents for the nuclear industry
Authors: P Kudryavtsev
Published: December 2021

At the enterprises of the radiochemical industry in the world, the task is to clean the technological and research equipment, overalls, and personnel from contamination with radioactive products. This task is especially relevant in case of emergencies, for example, such as an accident at a nuclear power plant in Fukushima, Japan. A review of the deactivation methods currently used is reviewed. It has been shown that the most typical pollutants are mixtures of radionuclides 137Cs, 144Ce, 144Pr, 90Sr, and 239Pu. All these elements are prone to the formation of chelate complexes. Therefore, complexing substances should be an essential component of deactivation solutions that form stable, water-soluble complex compounds with these radionuclides. When creating the recipe, we chose those complexing agents with the most persistent complex compounds with the expected pollutants. For research and testing in real conditions, we have prepared three types of technical detergents of various compositions with the code name MDS for decontaminating various surfaces, equipment, and workwear. The composition of these preparations consists mainly of an optimized mixture of surfactants, complexing agents, corrosion inhibitors, and processing aids. The studies were conducted to evaluate the possibility of using these funds for deactivation of premises, equipment, washing clothes in the Federal Unitary Enterprise "Mayak" and at its branch NIKIET in town Zarechny at Beloyarskyaya Nuclear Power Station in Russia. The effectiveness of deactivation was judged by the amount of residual contamination of the surface of the samples. The deactivating ability of MDS preparations for stainless, carbon steel, and plastic contaminated with β- and α-emitting nuclides was tested. The possibility of using MDS detergents for the deactivation of platinum ampoules stored as radioactive waste was assessed. The possibility of using MDS detergents for the deactivation of fabric materials, including underwear and work clothes, was also evaluated. The tests showed the high efficiency of the developed detergent MDS compared to the existing and currently used deactivation agents.
Twenty Nile Rivers escape the Mediterranean Sea – a giant water vapor spill boosting the July 2021 floods in Western Europe
Authors: ZHANG Hong-Quan
Published: December 2021

In summer 2021, severe drought and heatwaves hit the Western United States, Canada, and many other areas around the world. At the same time, record-breaking floods devastated Western Europe (WE) and Central China. Drought and flooding are a water imbalance problem, and heatwaves are always coupled with drought or originate from hot, arid areas. Global average evaporation and precipitation are balanced and steady. When some areas receive less precipitation, other areas receive more, often as heavy downpours. This study analyses one particular freshwater imbalance area – the Mediterranean Basin (MB), from a historical view and of recent trends. The net water vapor output from MB is equivalent to about 20 times the Nile River discharge. The north-south seesaw precipitation trends across Europe clearly indicate a water vapor transfer from MB to Western and Northern Europe. An upper low-pressure system and abundant water vapor supply from MB are an ideal combination for lingering heavy downpours and floods over WE, such as the case in July 2021. The root cause of MB freshwater imbalance is identified as the Sahara expansion. The breach of the green Sahara about 5700 years ago was the desiccation of the Atlas Basin. Based on water cycle stability a solution is suggested to restore the Sahara back to green.
Spatial modelling of urban heat islands and its planning implications in Obio/Akpor local government area
Authors: Nwidum Lawson , Peace Jackson Kurotamuno , Brown Ibama
Published: December 2021

Urban Heat Island (UHI) has become a global recurring phenomenon in most urban centres. Obio/Akpor Local Government Area has had a fair share of this phenomenon owing to its thriving trend in both planned and unplanned urbanisations. The study looks at the impact of UHI in selected communities in Obio/Akpor Local Government in five epochs of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. Parts of the objectives include identifying the UHI in these communities in the Local Government Area, modelling of UHI in selected communities in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area and determining the trend in UHI using Epoch data of Urban Surface Temperature from LANDSAT thermal imageries Figure 1. The study adopted Thermal Infrared Remote (TIR) Sensing and Geospatial Information System (GIS) Techniques using LANDSAT TM, LANDSAT ETM and LANDSAT OLI sensors to acquire Urban Surface temperature data emitted by objects in the study area and store the information as a digital number (DN) thermal band (B6, B61 and B10) as well as secondary data acquired from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). Urban Surface Temperature was obtained through the following processes: Acquisition of Urban Surface Temperature value of the study area in form of DN, the conversion of DN to Spectral radiance using the Spectral radiance equation. The data were processed, analysed, and modelled using ESRI’s ArcGIS 10.1. The results revealed that in 2000, the Average Urban Temperature of the study area was 23.480°C, the value increase to 27.647°C in 2005 with a difference of 4.167°C. The temperature of 2005 increased to 31.598°C in 2010 with a difference in temperature of 3.951°C. Accordingly, the temperature of 2010 increased to 33.054°C in 2015 with a temperature difference of 1.456°C and temperature of 2015 increased to 33.070°C with a difference of 0.016°C. The analysis shows an increasing trend of 40% in the Urban Surface Temperature in the study area in the various years under investigation. The study recommends that development should be extended to other Local Government Areas in the state to reduce rural-urban migration to Obio/Akpor Local Government. Tree planting should be encouraged as a way of mitigating the effect of air pollution, heatwaves and harmful gases emitted into the environment by combust engines and gas flaring, the use of combustion engines be replaced by electric cars to reduce the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted ti environment. Policymakers to restrict unplanned urban growth and to increase tree planting in the built-up areas.
A novel acyl hydrazone schiff’s bases of benzimidazole-2-thiol
Authors: Hassan Amir , Khan Nawaz
Published: December 2021

A series of novel acyl hydrazone derivatives of benzimidazole-2-thiol were synthesized. The acylhydrazide was condensed with a series of aromatic substituted aldehydes to yield the tetra decylhydrazone Schiff”s bases of benzimidazole-2-thiol. The acylhydrazide was taken in methanol in round bottom flask added 2-3 drops acetic acid and refluxed on hotplate the reaction mixture was monitored with TLC. After completion of reaction the product was precipitated in ice cool water, washed and dried. The synthesized compounds were screened for different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antihistamine, neutropic, analgesic, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, antiallergic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular and have shown a good results.
Effect of the addition of selected silicon fillers on Si- PSA shrinkage
Authors: Antosik Adrian Krzysztof , Antosik Nataniel Adrian
Published: December 2021

The concept of shrinkage phenomenon is widely described in the available literature. With respect to pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) in general, the definition of shrinkage is understood to be "less than its original size" and is closely related to the crosslinking process and the effect of the crosslinker on the test adhesive. Shrinkage alongside adhesive properties (adhesion, tackiness) and mechanical (cohesion) is one of the most important characteristics of a self-adhesive adhesive. It is very important in terms of production when receiving, for example, decorative banners or self-adhesive films where crosslinked adhesive and thus shrinkage can affect the surface of the adhesive material and create deformations. In the case of PSA, the acceptable adhesive pressure shrinkage must not exceed 0.5 %. Contraction is an important criterion for assessing the aging resistance of PSA materials. There are no studies on the shrinkage of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives in literature, but many references to carbon-based adhesives have been reported.
Natural bioactive compounds and antimicrobial potential of Pavetta indica L.
Authors: R Gobalakrishnan , R Bhuvaneswari
Published: December 2021

Terrestrial plants have opened up a new perspective for pharmaceutical research and development of novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of microbial diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to start an urgent need to screen the plants for novel bioactive compounds. In this context, present study was carried out to screen phytochemical constituents from leaves of Pavetta indica L., and its antimicrobial potential. P. indica leaves possess Chlorophyll a (1.21 ±0.05 mg g-1), Chlorophyll b (1.61 ±0.09 mg g-1), total chlorophyll (2.82 ±0.13 mg g-1), carotenoids (0.57 ±0.06 mg g-1), total soluble sugars (30.08 ±0.79 mg g-1), total soluble starch (13.54 ± 0.72), total soluble proteins (47.81 ± 2.82 mg g-1), total free amino acids (5.77 ± 0.69 mg g-1), total phenol (7.67 ± 0.72 mg g-1), hydroxyl phenols (5.74 ± 0.29 mg g-1) and lipids (53.53 ± 2.50 mg g-1) while alkaloids, tannins, steroids, phenolic compounds, saponins, triterpenoids and cardiac glycosides were also present in the leaves of P. indica. Absolute ethanolic extract of P. indica showed significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens, followed by aqueous extract. In concluded that, P. indica leaves crude extracts have wide range of bioactive compounds and which might be led to potential antimicrobial activity. They may lend to developing novel therapeutic agent to different infectious diseases.
Evaluation of viscosity in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide at 298.15K
Authors: Baluja Shipra
Published: December 2021

The viscosity of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide with different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol, iso-butanol, tertiary butanol has been determined at 298.15K. The experimental values are compared with theoretical values evaluated by different theories. It is observed that for some theories, values are in agreement with the experimental values. Further, an attempt has been made to study the intermolecular interactions in studied solutions in terms of excess free energy of mixing, strength of interaction parameters and interaction energy. The viscosity data of pure liquids and their mixtures are needed to design various chemical processes where heat and mass transfer are important.
Modulating antibacterial activity against multidrugresistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the flavonoid pectolinarin isolated from Lantana camara leaves
Authors: Xavier Maria Regivânia , da Fonseca Aluísio Marques , Cruz Beatriz Gonçalves , dos Santos Mendes Antonia Mayara , Oliveira Larissa Santos , Bandeira Paulo Nogueira , Colares Regilany Paulo , Braz-Filho Raimundo , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , Freitas Thiago Sampaio , Melo Coutinho Henrique Douglas , Rodrigues Teixeira Alexandre Magno , dos Santos Hélcio Silva
Published: December 2021

The antibiotic potentiating activity against standard and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains of the natural compound 5”-O-α-L-raminopyranosyl-1’-β-D-glycopyranosyl-4’,6-dimethoxyflavone (pectolinarin) isolated from L. camara leaves was evaluated. Tests for antibacterial activity of the pure natural substance and analysis of the potentiation of antibacterial activity of pectolinarin associated with antibiotics were carried out against standard and multiresistant bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution. Pectolinarin, when combined with the antibiotic gentamicin, showed synergism, potentiating growth inhibition against Gram-positive S. aureus strains. The pectolinarin flavonoid when combined with the gentamicin antibiotic potentiated its action Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria. Moreover, an antagonistic effect was observed when the pectolinarin was combined with the penicillin antibiotic against the multiresistant S. aureus 358 strain. This research suggests that pectolinarin is a compound with potential application as an antibacterial drug.
Antioxidant activity and resveratrol content in wines the national origin
Authors: Carlos Callisaya A Juan , Carmen Arteaga SM del , Marco A Taquichiri T , Barea Pastor Gutiérrez , Sarzuri Joel Paco , Iván T Solano , Rosario Díaz de Oropeza , Mariela Vargas M
Published: December 2021

Wines are an important source of resveratrol and polyphenols, in this sense this work has focused on the determination of antioxidant activity and resveratrol content in wines of origin. The different wines analyzed exhibited strong antioxidant activity for the ABTS and DPPH tests, which are in the ranges of 2.123 to 25.097 [µmol/ml] and 2.348 to 17.138 [µmol/ml] for red wines respectively, while for white wines the ranges they are 0.793 to 2.604 [µmol/ml] and 0.419 to 3.07 [µmol/ml] respectively. Regarding the quantification and presence of trans-resveratrol, this was confirmed in most of the wines analyzed, with concentrations ranging between 0.77 and 3.25 [ppm] in red wines. As for white wines, these oscillate in the range of 0.18 to 0.69 [ppm]. Analyzing and comparing the results obtained in wines of origin, we observe that red wines have a good content of resveratrol and that in turn comparing results of other authors, we observe that the content of resveratrol in wines of origin is within the bibliographic range, both for red and white wines.
Deceased’s son fishing and fowling in the old kingdom tombs
Authors: Soleiman Saleh
Published: December 2021

This article1deals with the representations of the deceased’s son fishing and fowling in the Old Kingdom tombs. There are fourteen examples in ten tombs. These scenes are found in the Memphis necropolis and the provincial cemeteries. The dating of the scene and purpose of its appearance within a certain time, the attire of the son, the fishing or fowling equipment, and accompanying inscriptions will be considered. Eleven significances of the scene will be suggested. The article will provide the reason for the spread of images of the son fishing rather than fowling, the reason for the son wearing the fillet and the streamer and the short kilt with the triangular apron. The reason for depicting the son, holding the spear at a straight/ slightly sloping horizontal angle being more common than holding it at a steep angle, will be guessed.
Two words about Cecília Meireles, a name to be remembered
Authors: Ganzarolli de Oliveira João Vicente
Published: December 2021

This article addresses some relevant facts of the Brazilian writer, educator and poet Cecília Meireles (1901-1964), unfairly forgotten by not a few of her compatriots. Used to deal with odd situations, Cecília did not care about following trends and fashions; her poetry is usually considered “Modernist”, what is not without reason, given her unfailing readiness to make it new, as touchstone of the movement (actually an Ezra Pound’s injunction) goes. She did not, however, said a radical no to the culture of the past, as rejecting it as a something merely “obsolete”, as many of her contemporaries did (consider Dadaism).
Spontaneous fragmentation and embolization of chemoport catheter- a case report
Authors: Sharma Vibhor
Published: December 2021

Central venous access devices are commonly utilized in cancer patients. These devices include central venous catheters, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line), Hickman catheter and totally implantable central venous devices of the port-a-cath type (chemoport). These devices can be retained for a long time and may be used for administration of chemotherapy, blood products, total parenteral nutrition and frequent blood sampling. Complications associated with chemoport include vascular injury, hemothorax, pneumothorax, local site infection, sepsis, catheter thrombosis, drug extravasation and mechanical malfunction. Spontaneous fragmentation of chemoport catheter is a rare complication. We report a case of spontaneous fragmentation of chemoport catheter from its midway and its migration into the lower lobar branch of left pulmonary artery. It was retrieved using percutaneous endovascular approach under fluoroscopic guidance.
Salient features of West Bengal coastal ecosystem and effective management of environment
Authors: Mallik Tapas Kumar
Published: December 2021

The thickly populated coastal region of West Bengal has a unique combination of valuable mineral resources blanketed by mainly medium to fine grained sands, silts and clays and is the focal area for rapid development of societal structure. A number of multi mineral placer deposits existing in the Bakkhali, Sagar and Digha coastal belt of West Bengal are being used up rapidly. There is an urgent need for exploration of mineral resources in these areas. Economic heavy minerals in this coastal area include ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, leucoxene, zircon, monazite, sillimanite and garnet. All these resources are renewable and attention should be given to explore and exploit these deposits which are often available in large quantity. A tremendous resource crunch is inevitable due to constant exploitation of land based resources and thus there is an urgent need to look for resources in the coastal zone and offshore areas. Important processes are energy flows, sunlight, water flow, recycling, temperature, dissolved gas, presence of chemicals, availability of nutrients. The salinity, water condition and visual appearance of the basin is also important. Attention should be paid to develop indigenous technology for exploration and development. The cost effectiveness of tapping the resources should be kept in mind, Monitoring of environmental parameters viz. air, water, soil, noise, vibration, flora, fauna is essential. Analyses and preservation of biodiversity is necessary. The administrative area for management must be a coupled unit of coastal water basins and adjacent shorelines. The objectives of a Coastal Zone Management Programme for the state should be kept in mind to develop a national policy and legislation and ensure integrated approaches to assess and evaluate a sustainable development policy, some of the local and special management plans should be carefully developed. The impact of socioeconomic environment considering the financial, technological and features in decision making should improve the proper planning. Resource utilization, coastal planning and management are critical issues. The existing and projected impacts for future must help the government to enforce decisions based on environmental impact assessmentand improve proper planning.
Extracting economic value from breweries wastewater: a review
Authors: Ainebyona Paddy , Banadda Noble , Kiggundu Nicholas
Published: December 2021

Worldwide breweries are known to use large volumes of water. Between 10 and 20m3 of water yields 1m3 of beer. This translates to over 90% of wastewater. The world produced 1.94x108m3 of beer in 2018. Of the total production 1.48x107m3 of beer were produced from Africa with Uganda contributing up to 4.1x105m3. Uganda’s major producing industries being Uganda Breweries Limited and Nile Breweries Limited. Uganda’s brewery sector generates between 3.69x106 to 7.79x106m3 of wastewater annually that could otherwise be of importance. This wastewater is characterized by high organic matter content with COD, BOD and TSS ranging between 2,000 to 10,000mg L-1, 1,200 to 7,000mg L-1 and 2,901 to 3,000mg L-1 respectively. Whereas little information has been published regarding the current use of wastewater in Uganda by the Key players, elsewhere in the world the wastewater has been treated for re-use using Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor and membrane bioreactors, for electricity generation using microbial fuel cell and for biogas production using Veolia Bio Bed Technology. The generated sludge has successfully been used as an Organic Fertilizer and a raw material for Organic Fertilizers production in different parts of the world. The process by-products such as spent grain, spent hops and surplus yeast have been used majorly in fertilizers and animal feeds. The purpose of this review article was to explore potential uses of the wastewater in that could apply for Uganda.
Crown bole diameter linear equation for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz and its application to stand density control in natural stands
Authors: HD Japheth , T Vange , JI Amonum
Published: December 2021

At present, no adequate information on the application of crown-bole diameter model to stand density and stock control for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz open grown trees for sustainable forest management in the study area. The species numbers are threatened, because farmers and foresters do not actively plant this tree species. Livestock, fire, and anthropogenic activities are few factors that limit the success of natural regeneration of the species; and is facing regeneration problem. These have led to the species declining in the natural forest areas and the loss of biological values (genetic hereditary). A total of nine blocks as sample plots sizes 100x100 meters were randomly laid. Simple random sampling was used to collect data on tree diameter at breast height (dbh). Dbh was used to estimate crown diameter using a developed simple linear crown-bole diameter model. Based on this finding, dbh distribution was more (42 tree stands) concentrated at the lower diameter class (10 to 30cm) than at the upper diameter class distribution (31 and above). This could be that such tree stands might have been exploited as timber in the ecosystem. Nowadays, trees of smaller dimension are generally logged immediately they are discovered, especially the most economic and desirable species. The status of the tree species was a reversed “J” shaped distribution curve. The reverse ‘J-shape’ diameter distribution indicated healthy recruitment potentials; the lower class diameter tree stands could develop into mature trees and replace the old ones in the future if proper conservation efforts are sustained. Thus, this structure is typical of a natural forest. This finding estimated limiting stocking and stand density required for producing a complete canopy without effect of competition. D. oliverii with diameter 48.7cm would require a stocking of 168 trees per hectare in terms of total occupancy by tree crowns; stand density of 0.00001863m2ha-1 would be needed. Also, tree stands of 80cm dbh would have 73 tree stands limiting stocking, covering a stand density of 0.00005027m2/ha. Linear crown-bole diameter model could simply be used in forest inventory operations for determining the forest stock with less cost and time consuming. More research is needed with a greater variety of site and stand conditions in addition to a greater variety of tree sizes and ages.
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy in elderly with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Cisternas Yeny Concha , Guzmán-Muñoz Eduardo
Published: December 2021

The vestibular system contributes to the maintenance of the bipedal posture and balance. Peripheral vestibular alterations such as paroxysmal positional benign vertigo have high prevalence in elderly, being responsible for a large number of falls, which can cause disability and death. It has been shown that repositioning maneuvers and physical therapy aimed at restoring balance have good results in reducing symptoms, and also improve the quality of life of elderly.
Cardiological instrument for assistance in the elderly's terminal life: parameters of medicine and nursing
Authors: MC Souza , do Nascimento Neto Luiz Amaro , Barbosa Saraiva Lucas Afonso , Afonso Barbosa Saraiva Caio Vinicius , de Morais Ariosto Afonso , Bezerra Ramos Thais Monara , de Matos Barbosa Jordão Júlia Rafaelly
Published: December 2021

Goal: Describe the use of a cardiological instrument developed by medicine and nursing with the use of information technology to assist terminally ill elderly patients. Introduction: The use of interventional medical technology in cardiac and terminally ill elderly patients needs to be associated with palliative care as clinical support measures in intensive care. This resource assists in decisions at the end of the patient's life and directs the attention of the health team to ensure patient comfort and family satisfaction. In this regard, information and communication technology assist the entire care process. Method: It is a descriptive and exploratory study of quantitative and statistical character. Based on the innovative methodology of the current times, using uniform and ethical parameters for the elaboration of assistance based on auxiliary technology and the knowledge of medical and nursing professionals. Results and Discussion: 99 articles were analyzed, discussed and quantified, showing experiences of palliative care in intensive care units using the variables of technology and cardiologic instruments and the participation of medicine and nursing. Conclusion: The theme “palliative care” should be further investigated in order to improve the relationship between patients, their families and the health team. Considering the increase in the number of elderly people in intensive care, it is essential to improve the training of health professionals to face the challenges that involve the end of life and cardiology.
Surgically assisted rapid expansion in two patients with maxillary transverse deficiency
Authors: Romero Hugo , Guifarro Juan , Estrada Alejandro , Umanzor Vima , Caballero Fabio , Bendaña Guillermo , Mayorga Ishla
Published: December 2021

The surgeon and orthodontist face daily difficulties with correcting a patient's occlusion. Compressed maxilla is a big obstacle to conventional orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery. The Surgically Assisted Rapid Palate Expansion is a way to optimize the treatment, based on osteogenic distraction and tissue distraction, reaching more quickly the necessary dimensions of the palate. The purpose of this article is to make the case report of two patients with age differences and show the results obtained in each.
Access to care for workers’ compensation patients in dense and sparse population centers
Authors: M Rhode Blair A Skylar , M Rhode Skylar M Rhode Skylar
Published: December 2021

Background: Workers’ compensation was originated to provide a no-fault, timely access to appropriate medical care. Unfortunately, we have found that the system fails the injured worker in certain environments. By implementing procedural roadblocks in the form of initial claim denial and delay methods, the injured worker finds himself/herself in a battle of attrition. By delaying treatment and compensation benefits, the injured workers are “starved out” of their access to care and often walk away from their claim or accept a payout without treatment. Methods: We performed a randomized, consecutive case-series where 300 hypothetical patients called medical offices to attempt to arrange a physician consultation. We analyzed the ability of a patient to gain access (an appointment) to a primary care (N=100), orthopedic (N=100) and neurology (N=100) physician after stating that they were injured at work. We analyzed two cohorts, one as an injured worker that was given a claim number (N=150) and the other that was injured at work but not yet given a claim number (N=150). Conclusion: This study demonstrates how difficult it is to gain access to care as an injured worker. An injured worker in a low densely populated area without a claim number was unable to gain access to a primary care doctor in our cohort (100% denial rate). Even a patient with an accepted claim number in densely populated Cook County, IL had a 52% chance of being denied access to care with an orthopedic surgeon while a patient without a claim number had an 84% chance of being denied access to orthopedic care.
Humeral lengthening by Ilizarov technique in patients with post septic shortening
Authors: MM Bari , Shahidul Islam , Shayan R Bari AM
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Humeral lengthening in patients with post septic shortening is a challenging procedure for Orthopaedic surgeon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of humeral lengthening using Ilizarov fixator. We reviewed the literature on humeral lengthening using different fixators with regard to indications, operative technique, results and complications. We also retrospectively reviewed 12 patients treated with humeral lengthening using Ilizarov external fixation. The etiology was epiphyseal injury (7 cases), infection (5 cases). The average age at surgery was 14,5 years (range 12,5-23,5) with post septic humeral shortening. The patients were assessed clinically and radio-graphically. Follow up ranged from 1-10-years.The magnitude of lengthening achieved ranged from 5-15cm with an average of 7, 5cm. Functionally all the patients returned to their preoperative jobs and daily activities including sports. Complications included pin track infection in 8 patients, radial nerve palsy which recovered completely in one patient. Conclusion; Humeral lengthening is a valid method that improves the outcome following arm shortening and deformity correction including angulation and rotation. Extensive lengthening up to 100% of the original length could be achieved without increasing the risk of complications.
Deformity correction (upper tibial bone defect due to osteomyelitis) in lower limb using Ilizarov technique
Authors: MM Bari , Shahidul Islam , Shayan R Bari AM
Published: December 2021

Here we are presenting a massive bone defect of upper tibia and 7 cm limb length discrepancy due to long standing osteomyelitis, which was treated successfully using Ilizarov technique and frame.
Osborne’s ligament: a cadaveric study and literature review
Authors: Silva Rómulo , Pinto Luis Ferreira , Ferreira Filomena , Pereira Pedro , Madeira Dulce , Pinho André
Published: December 2021

First described in 1957 by Dr Geoffrey Osborne, the Osborne ligament is defined as a band of tissue that connects the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris, which forms the roof of the cubital tunnel, between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon. We retrieved data from 16 elbows of 8 cadavers, measuring the length of the Osborne’s ligament in both maximum extension and in 90º flexion. Using this data, we managed to compare the differences between the left and right arm and also between male and female specimens. Our goal was to find statistically significant differences between the variables: males vs females; right vs left elbow; flexion vs extension. To our knowledge, no prior study has compared the length of this ligament between both elbows.
A rare case of calcinosis cutis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ahmed  Albashir Wafaa Hassan , Hassan Ali Rihab Mohamed , M Nor Sufian Khalid , yassin Sara , Mohammed Hamad Mosab Nouraldein
Published: December 2021

Calcinosis cutis is a rare disorder characterized by of deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Five subtypes of calcinosis cutis are described: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, and calciphylaxis.1 Of these subtypes, dystrophic calcinosis (DC) is the most common, and it is the most frequently seen in association with underlying autoimmune connective tissue diseases.2 Dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis and less commonly systemic lupus erythematous were described to be complicated by DC. However, DC associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is extremely rare.2 The condition causes substantial morbidity and is associated with pain and limitation of movement when the process involves areas close to joints or when ulceration occurs.2 We report a middle age Sudanese woman with good controlled RA who developed dystrophic calcinosis cutis.
Brief review on the hemangioma of the temporal bone
Authors: Saberi Behzad
Published: December 2021

Hemangioma of the temporal bone is a benign tumor which arises from the blood vessels. This tumor has association with facial nerve and specifically geniculate ganglion. This is a brief review on some important aspects of pathology, diagnosis and treatment of this tumor.
Impact of Luteal phase clomiphene citrate on endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Elshamy Elsayed , Soliman Ayman
Published: December 2021

Objective: To compare between luteal phase clomiphene citrate and second cycle day clomiphene citrate on the thickness of the endometrium and clinical pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: a prospective observational study conducted on 196 women with Polycystic ovary syndrome divided into two groups: Group 1 (98 patients) received 100mg of clomiphene citrate daily for 5 days starting on second cycle day and Group 2 (98 patients) received 100mg of clomiphene citrate daily starting in the luteal phase before onset of withdrawal bleeding for 5 days. Treatment and follow up applied for three cycles. Outcome measures were collected and analyzed and women who got pregnant were followed until 12 weeks of pregnancy. Results: no significant differences between the two groups regarding pre-ovulatory endometrial thickness (8.3mm in group 1vs 8.8mm in group 2), number of mature follicles (1.62 in group 1vs 1.57 in group 2) and mid-luteal serum progesterone levels(14.63ng/ml in group 1vs 14.9ng/ml in group 2). 34 women (35%) got pregnant in group 1 and 37 women (38%) in-group 2 and three patients had miscarriage in each group without any statistical significance. Conclusion: the present study does not support luteal clomiphene citrate over second cycle day clomiphene citrate to induce ovulation in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Vaginal ecology in Cameroonian urban areas: study of the flora of douala city inhabitants
Authors: Henri Essome , Cécile Ebongue , Thomas Egbe Obichemti , Gregory Halle Ekane , Colette Nida Martine , Merlin Boten , Grâce Tocki Toutou , Pascal Foumane , Dieudonné Adiogo , Télesphore Mboudou Emile
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The vaginal flora consists of bacilli of Doderleïn (various species of lactobacilli) which constitute a biofilm on the mucosa. These bacteria play a protective role by inhibiting the growth, adhesion or expansion of other microorganisms. To do this, various mechanisms are deployed, including the secretion of organic acids, antimicrobial substances, competition for nutrients and receptor sites as well as steric exclusion. This balance is sometimes called into question by the use of oral medications and antiseptics for vaginal cleansing, oral contraception, diseases such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or diabetes. Objective: The objective of this work was to study the vaginal flora of women residing in the city of Douala. Methodology: we carried out in three health structures in the city of Douala a transverse analytical study for seven (7) months in women aged at least 21 years. We randomly included 540 women who gave their written and signed consent. The variables of interest were socio-demographic, clinical and microbiological variables. Gram staining was used and read using an optical microscope for the identification of microorganisms and the classification of flora consisting of bacteria from vaginal secretions. The statistical tests used for the comparison of the numbers were chi-square and the exact fisher test with a significance threshold of 5% (p<0.05) Results: A total of five hundred and forty (540) women had their samples collected. The majority age group was that of 30-40 years with 28.30% of cases. The mean age was 42.58 years (+/- 13.37). Four types of vaginal flora have been identified, in particular Type 4 (complete disappearance of the Döderlein flora with the appearance of abundant, polymorphic replacement flora and presence of clues-cells) with 36.30% of cases; Type 3 (rare, minority lacto-bacillary flora with the appearance of a substitution flora with a dominant morphology) at 32.20%; Type 1 (mainly Döderlein flora: lactobacilli) at 17.20%; Type 2 (Döderlein flora present and predominant but with a substitution flora without dominant morphology) at 14.30%. The factors associated with the flora imbalance were scented soaps (OR=1.84; 95% CI=1.77-2.73; P=0.001), antiseptic products (OR=2.04; 95% CI=1, 05-5.67; P=0.004) and the risk increased by combining them (OR=4.04; 95% CI=3.92-6.49; P=0.001) 95% CI=1.77-2.73; P=0.001), Oral contraception, HIV infection and diabetes also altered the flora. In addition, the presence of yeasts and mycelial filaments also favoured the degradation of the flora. On the other hand, drinking water appeared as a protective factor (OR=0.19; 95% CI=0.043-0.84; P=0.028). Conclusion: the vaginal flora of women residing in Douala is mainly degraded in a cumulative percentage of 68.50% and represented by types 4 and 3.
Sperm count and future challenges for cancer patients
Authors: Javed Murid
Published: December 2021

Cancer has significantly harmful effects on sperm count, motility and sexual life of the survivor, thereby adversely affecting the fertility and post cancer quality of life. Use of safer chemotherapeutic agents, protection from radiation damage, cryopreservation of sperm and testicular tissue and use of protective drugs to reduce testicular damage is recommended. More research is needed to safeguard fertility of cancer affected children as testicular tissue cryopreservation is the only fertility preservation option. Advanced understanding of in vitro sperm production is needed. In this era of advanced assisted reproduction, the minimum requirement for fertilization is one healthy sperm for one oocyte. Children born after chemotherapy do not have statistically significant increase in malignant neoplasms. Proper cancer counseling and referral for fertility preservation are of high importance to protect fertility. The focus of this review is to share knowledge of sperm formation, importance of sperm count, nature of damage to male fertility, remedies to overcome damage and to improve post cancer quality of life of male cancer survivors.
Hysteroscopic evaluation of uterine cavity in women with unexplained infertility
Authors: Abd Allah Shehata Nesreen Abd El Fattah , Ali Hamada AA , Ashour Rabab , El nadeim Momen Z , Shehata Nesreen AA , Khalil Eman M
Published: December 2021

Objective: To detect missed uterine abnormalities on primary work up in unexplained infertile women. Study design: An observational study was performed in the outpatient infertility clinic of Beni-Suef University Hospitals. It included 100 women with unexplained infertility. Diagnostic office hysteroscopy was done for all participants. Women were grouped according to the infertility type and compared as regards uterine abnormalities detected. Results: Uterine abnormalities were detected by hysteroscopy in 29% of women. No significant difference was found regarding the hysteroscopic findings between primary and secondary infertility groups. However, uterine polyp cases were detected more in women with primary infertility (55.5% /18). A significant difference in intrauterine adhesions between both groups being detected only in secondary infertility group (p value =0.006). Conclusion: Outpatient preliminary and routine diagnostic office hysteroscopy may be a beneficial part of a primary and secondary infertility workup.
Levelised cost of hydrogen production in Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Leshchenko I.Ch.
Published: December 2021

The overview of decarbonization technologies of the gas industry, particularly Power-to-Gas technologies using renewable or excess electricity to produce hydrogen via water electrolysis is presented. Also, a comparative analysis of the main types of electrolyzers for hydrogen production – alkaline and with proton exchange membrane (PEM) is presented, and the conclusion that the PEM electrolyzers using renewable electricity is advisable for implementation in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of available most reasonable data sources regarding estimates of "green" hydrogen production cost is presented. The article also presents the mathematical formulations for levelised hydrogen production cost calculation and input data for calculation. The input data were obtained based on cited sources and own estimations taking into account Ukrainian specific conditions, i.e. PEM electrolyzer operating conditions. The results of the own calculation and ones performed by the cited authors are given. The results of the calculations showed that the key initial parameters that affect the cost of hydrogen production in Ukraine, as in other countries, are capital costs, the cost of electricity, and the electrolyzer load factor. The increase of load factor decreasing levelised cost of hydrogen production, which is important to account for the design of hydrogen production facility. In particular, the production cost of hydrogen using PEM electrolyzer could be reduced from 15.73 $ US/kg H2 to 7.34 $ USA/kg H2 if electricity supplied by NPP at night at "night tariff" will be used instead of electricity from the photovoltaic plant. The results of calculations showed that the obtained hydrogen production costs in Ukraine for both cases - the use of electricity from renewables and from the grid are comparable to European estimates of the hydrogen production costs. Keywords: decarbonization, gas industry, electrolyzer, hydrogen production, weighted-average levelised cost
The review of the possibility to increase the integrated power system of Ukraine' balance reliability by implementing electric heat generators
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Lenchevsky Ye.A. , Godun O.V. ,   Naukovo-tekhnichnyi tsentr DP NAEK «Enerhoatom», 22/24 Hoholivska str, Kyiv, 01032, Ukraina
Published: December 2021

The paper considers one of the possible options to solve the actual task for the Integrated Power System (IPS) of Ukraine regarding creating deficit-free primary, secondary and tertiary reserves, which is an important condition for successful integration of IPS of Ukraine into ENTSO-E. The increase of the level of reserves of IPS of Ukraine could be provided by the implementation of the dedicated technological system (NPP+powerful electric boilers) which should be connected at the "points" where a nuclear power plant (NPP) is connected to the grid. It is assumed that the use of the proposed technological system with electric boilers' capacity of 2000 MW in the IPS of Ukraine will allow the substitution of about 10 thermal power plant's (TPP) units, which provide secondary reserves. Implementation of proposed option also aimed at fulfillment "National Plan on Reduction of Emissions from big burning units", and also allow reduce consumption of organic fuel, namely the coal, that is prescribed by Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2035. According to preliminary estimates, the proposed technological system complies with the main categories of "Methodology for the analysis of costs and benefits of projects for the development of electrical networks". Keywords: integrated power system, electric boiler, load profile, wholesale electricity market
Determination of the amount of solar energy perceived by a spherical tubular collector
Authors:   A. Pidhornyi Institute of mechanical engineering problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2/10 Pozharskogo str., Kharkiv, 61046, Ukraine, Matsevytyi Yu.M. , Safonov M.O ,   A. Pidhornyi Institute of mechanical engineering problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2/10 Pozharskogo str., Kharkiv, 61046, Ukraine, Bushtets Y.M. ,   A. Pidhornyi Institute of mechanical engineering problems of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2/10 Pozharskogo str., Kharkiv, 61046, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Spherical solar tubular collector (SSTK) was invented in A. Pidgorny IPMash. as an alternative to the solar flat collector to convert the radiant energy of the Sun into heat. To understand the efficiency of a collector, it is important to know how much energy it can take. A methodology for calculating the amount of heat perceived by the collector has been developed. The surface area of a spherical tubular collector illuminated by the Sun using proposed methodology was determined. The amount of heat received by the solar collector for each day of the year was estimated. The total amount of heat received by SSTK in Kharkiv during the year was defined. Keywords: solar energy, spherical solar tubular collector, amount of heat
Microvascular Angina: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Aldiwani Haider , Mahdai Suzan , Alhatemi Ghaith , Bairey Merz C Noel
Published: December 2021

Recognition of suspected ischaemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease – termed INOCA – has increased over the past decades, with a key contributor being microvascular angina. Patients with microvascular angina are at higher risk for major adverse cardiac events including MI, stroke, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and death but to date there are no clear evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Recently, the Coronary Vasomotion Disorders International Study Group proposed standardised criteria for diagnosis of microvascular angina using invasive and non-invasive approaches. The management strategy for remains empirical, largely due to the lack of high-level-evidence-based guidelines and clinical trials. In this review, the authors will illustrate the updated approach to diagnosis of microvascular angina and address evidence-based pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for patients with the condition.