bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commissural Malalignment as a predictor of coronary artery abnormalities in patients with transposition of great arteries
Authors: Al Nasef Mohamed , Alghamdi Mohammed H. , Bello Valls Maria L. , Zahrani Ahmed M. , AlAkfash Ali , Ardah Husam I. , Diranneya Obayda M. , Alhabshan Fahad
Published: October 2020

Background

In patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), commissural malalignment (CM) between semilunar valves may be associated with abnormal coronary (CA) pattern. We intend to assess the degree of CM with incidence of unusual CA anatomy.

Methods

We proposed a ratio to measure the distance of both ends of the anterior facing sinuses of the pulmonary valve from the facing commissure of the aortic valve. We labeled it as D1 and D2 distance. A ratio (C ratio) of the smaller distance (either D1 or D2 whichever is shorter) over the sum of both D1 and D2 was taken (D1 or D2 whichever is shorter / D1 + D2). We related this ratio with the incidence of the unusual CA anatomy in D-TGA patients.

Results

We had a total of 158 patients. We defined the point beyond which the C-Ratio becomes significantly associated with abnormal coronary artery pattern, this represents the median effective level (EL50). The EL50 of the C-Ratio was found to be equal to 31% (0.31). The prediction revealed that the CA pattern would most probably be usual when there is a minor commissural malalignment (C-Ratio less than the EL50) and most probably be unusual when there is a major malalignment (C-Ratio is greater than the EL50). The sensitivity was 71% and the specificity 88% (p-value < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The C-Ratio helps to categorize the degree of CM as minor (less than 0.31) or major (more than 0.31). A higher C-Ratio predicts a higher incidence of unusual CA pattern.
Distinguishing cerebrospinal fluid from mepivacaine using the pH test in patients undergoing elective cesarean section with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia
Authors: Ikegami Hiromi , Hotta Kunihisa , Toba Yoshie
Published: October 2020

Introduction

In single-space combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA), it is important to correctly determine if the fluid coming out of the spinal needle is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the liquid used in the loss of resistance (LOR) technique. In this study, we used mepivacaine for LOR and measured the pH values of CSF and mepivacaine to determine whether the pH test is a reliable method to confirm CSF when performing single-space CSEA.

Methods

This clinical trial included 47 full-term pregnant women who underwent cesarean section. Single-space CSEA was administered at the lumbar intervertebral space using a small amount of mepivacaine for LOR. The pH values of CSF and mepivacaine were determined by the color of the test strip immediately after dropping. The area under the curve (AUC) for the pH values was calculated to determine the cutoff value for distinguishing between CSF and mepivacaine.

Results

The median pH values were 7.7 (7.1–8.0) and 6.2 (5.9–6.8) for CSF and mepivacaine, respectively. When the cutoff value of pH for distinguishing CSF from mepivacaine was 7.1 or greater, the AUC was 1.0 (100% sensitivity and specificity). Our result demonstrated that CSF can be correctly distinguished from mepivacaine in patients undergoing cesarean section under single-space CSEA using a cutoff value of pH 7.1.

Conclusion

The pH test is a simple and reliable method to confirm CSF when performing single-space CSEA with mepivacaine for LOR.

Trial registration

Accuracy of pH test paper for cerebrospinal fluid during spinal anesthesia: prospective study in healthy pregnant women under scheduled caesarean section; University Hospital Medical Information Network, UMIN000036454. Registered 1 May 2019
Primary leiomyoma of the left ventricle leading to sudden and unexpected death in a 74-year-old male: a case report
Authors: Yahaya James J.
Published: October 2020

Background

Primary cardiac tumours arising from smooth muscle cells are said to be very rare in the literature. Primary leiomyoma of the heart particularly in men is extremely rare. To the best of my knowledge, there are only two reported cases of boys with primary leiomyoma of the heart in the English literature. Most of leiomyoma tumours involving the heart reported in the literature are a result of cardiac extensions of intravenous leiomyomatosis through the inferior vena cava.

Case presentation

A case of left ventricular primary leiomyoma in a 74-year-old male is reported. He had no known previous history of heart disease but he died suddenly and unexpectedly. At autopsy, the heart measured 420 gm and when it was opened, a solid tumour of size 4 × 3 × 2 cm involving the lower left ventricle on the anterior aspect of the heart was found. The tumour was extending to the left ventricular septum and was growing by protruding into the left ventricle chamber which finally was confirmed histopathologically to be a leiomyoma.

Conclusion

Cardiac benign tumours are rare and can be life threatening because of embolization following their detachment which is manifested clinically by stroke. Additionally, they are clinically asymptomatic; therefore, they cannot be easily detected. In case of clinical suspicion, echocardiography and other imaging diagnostic tests should be used to confirm presence of a tumour.
The microbiota of the surface, dermis and subcutaneous tissue of dog skin
Authors: García-Fonticoba Rocío , Ferrer Lluís , Francino Olga , Cuscó Anna
Published: October 2020

Background

Studies using highly sensitive molecular techniques have detected bacterial communities below the human epidermis. Depending on their abundance and composition, this finding could be clinically relevant. The aim of this study was to determine if bacteria can be detected in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of dogs without cutaneous disease using two different approaches: traditional cultures and DNA sequencing of the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Results

Seven healthy dogs were included in the study, and two sets of samples were collected from each subject. Sample sets were composed of a 6-mm abdominal skin biopsy, including epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, a skin surface swab, and an environmental blank sample for contamination control. One set of samples from each dog was submitted for bacterial culture and the other one for bacterial DNA amplification and sequencing. Five different bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus) were isolated in five out of the seven skin surface swab samples with aerobic microbiological culture methods, while no growth was obtained from the other two samples. Although some DNA could be amplified from epidermal, dermal, and subcutaneous tissue samples, the results of the NGS were similar to those of the blanks.

Conclusion

When investigated with aerobic microbiological culture methods, the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of dogs are sterile. NGS techniques lead to the detection of some bacterial DNA, similar to the signal detected in blanks, which does not support the presence of a microbiota in dermis or subcutaneous tissue.
Integrated interpretation of gravity, magnetic, seismic, and well data to image volcanic units for oil-gas exploration in the eastern Junggar Basin, northwest China
Authors: Xu Kaijun , Li Yaoguo
Published: October 2020

We carried out a multigeophysical data joint interpretation to image volcanic units in an area where seismic imaging is difficult due to complicated and variable volcanic lithology. The gravity and magnetic methods can be effective in imaging the volcanic units because volcanic rocks are often strongly magnetic and have large density contrasts. Gravity and magnetic data have good lateral resolution, but they are faced with challenges in defining the depth extent. Although seismic data make for poor imaging in volcanic rocks, they can provide a reliable stratigraphic structure above volcanic rocks to improve the vertical resolution of the gravity and magnetic method. We have developed an integrated interpretation method that combines the advantages of seismic, gravity, magnetic, and well data to generate a 3D quasigeology model to image volcanic units. We first use seismic data to obtain the stratigraphic boundaries, and then we apply an anomaly stripping method based on a seismic-derived structure to extract residual gravity and magnetic anomaly produced by volcanic rocks. We further perform the 3D gravity and magnetic amplitude inversion to recover the distribution of the density and effective susceptibility. We perform geology differentiation using the inverted density and effective magnetic susceptibility to identify the spatial distribution of four groups of volcanic units. The results show that the integrated interpretation of multigeophysical data can significantly decrease the uncertainty associated with any single data set and yield more reliable imaging of lateral and vertical distribution of volcanic rocks.
Overview of seismic methods for urban underground space
Authors: Ma Zhenning , Qian Rongyi
Published: October 2020

The development of urban underground space (UUS) has become an effective way to solve the problem of urban space. Seismic methods have achieved good results in underground engineering construction, active fault detection, urban geologic structure detection, and other fields. Active source seismic methods in UUS include reflection methods, refraction methods, surface wave methods, andvertical seismic profile methods. Interest in the ambient noise method is also rising gradually, with it becoming an important method of urban underground space detection in the future because it overcomes the problem that the active source method is interfered with by urban noise. We evaluate these methods and develop application examples of UUS.
The application of ambient noise and reflection seismic exploration in an urban active fault survey
Authors: Lei Xiaoqiong , Zhang Jun , Jin Wenyuan , Han Chen , Xu Xiwei
Published: October 2020

As the detection of urban active faults becomes increasingly important, high-resolution detection of urban blind active faults is very important for urban planning, land use, and disaster risk reduction. However, it is difficult to determine the corresponding surface positions in the city environment for noise and building restrictions. The active source reflection seismic technique is considered the best technique to image faults with a high resolution and deep penetration. However, urban geophysical exploration must often consider the complex urban environment, which includes moving vehicles, dense power grids, and irregular buildings. These features make active source reflection seismic exploration difficult for wide application due to its drawbacks of high cost and the necessary use of explosives. In contrast, ambient noise seismic surveys have the advantages of continuous ambient noise sources, low cost, and fast deployment. These advantages are good for urban exploration. Although ambient noise seismic surveys have a lower resolution than active seismic surveys, their ultrahigh-density layout can improve the resolution. We have conducted two active source seismic lines and two ambient noise seismic lines near the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault (HGF) in a northern suburb of Beijing. The autocorrelation and crosscorrelation results are consistent with the active source reflection seismic results. They revealed the location of the HGF, which is composed of a set of steep dip faults. The study of the combination of the two techniques demonstrates that ambient noise seismic surveys are effective for urban active fault detection, especially for larger scale area surveys, and active source reflection seismic surveys can be used for detailed surveys. The combination of the two techniques has a higher efficiency and lower costs and can be widely used in blind urban active fault surveys.
Associations of Sedentary Patterns with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Physically Active Young Males
Authors: Zheng Chen , Tian Xiao Yu , Sun Feng Hua , Huang Wendy Yajun , Sheridan Sinead , Wu Yalan , Wong Stephen Heung-Sang
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Sitting time (ST) is a serious global health issue and positively associated with cardiometabolic disease. The present study investigated associations between objectively measured ST, sedentary patterns, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in physically active young males.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis was completed in 94 males 18–35 yr of age. Total ST, prolonged sedentary bouts (≥30 min with no interruption), and sedentary breaks (transitions from sitting/lying to standing/stepping) were assessed using activPAL. Lipids, insulin, C-peptide, C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, P-selectin, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were measured using assay kits. The expression of specific proteins related to endothelial dysfunction was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between total ST, prolonged sedentary bouts, and sedentary breaks with cardiometabolic biomarkers and total ST and levels of gene expression were assessed using generalized linear models.

Results

Total ST was significantly associated with triglycerides (B = 1.814), insulin (B = 2.117), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (B = 0.071), and E-selectin (B = 2.052). Leptin (B = 0.086), E-selectin (B = 1.623), and P-selectin (B = 2.519) were significantly associated with prolonged sedentary bouts, whereas leptin (B = −0.017) and CRP (B = −0.016) were associated with sedentary breaks. After adjustment for moderate to vigorous physical activity, the associations between triglycerides (B = 2.048) and total ST, and between CRP (B = −0.016) and sedentary breaks, remained significant. E-selectin mRNA levels (B = 0.0002) were positively associated with ST with or without adjustment for moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Conclusions

Total ST and prolonged sedentary bouts were positively associated with several cardiometabolic biomarkers, with interruptions in ST potentially contributing to reduced cardiometabolic risk in physically active young male adults.
Metabolic gestational age assessment in low resource settings: a validation protocol
Authors: Bota A. Brianne , Ward Victoria , Hawken Stephen , Wilson Lindsay A. , Lamoureux Monica , Ducharme Robin , Murphy Malia S. Q. , Denize Kathryn M. , Henderson Matthew , Saha Samir K. , Akther Salma , Otieno Nancy A. , Munga Stephen , Atito Raphael O. , Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Mwape Humphrey , Price Joan T. , Mujuru Hilda Angela , Chimhini Gwendoline , Magwali Thulani , Mudawarima Louisa , Chakraborty Pranesh , Darmstadt Gary L. , Wilson Kumanan
Published: October 2020

Preterm birth is the leading global cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable gestational age estimates are useful for quantifying population burdens of preterm birth and informing allocation of resources to address the problem. However, evaluating gestational age in low-resource settings can be challenging, particularly in places where access to ultrasound is limited. Our group has developed an algorithm using newborn screening analyte values derived from dried blood spots from newborns born in Ontario, Canada for estimating gestational age within one to two weeks. The primary objective of this study is to validate a program that derives gestational age estimates from dried blood spot samples (heel-prick or cord blood) collected from health and demographic surveillance sites and population representative health facilities in low-resource settings in Zambia, Kenya, Bangladesh and Zimbabwe. We will also pilot the use of an algorithm to identify birth percentiles based on gestational age estimates and weight to identify small for gestational age infants. Once collected from local sites, samples will be tested by the Newborn Screening Ontario laboratory at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) in Ottawa, Canada. Analyte values will be obtained through laboratory analysis for estimation of gestational age as well as screening for other diseases routinely conducted at Ontario’s newborn screening program. For select conditions, abnormal screening results will be reported back to the sites in real time to facilitate counseling and future clinical management. We will determine the accuracy of our existing algorithm for estimation of gestational age in these newborn samples. Results from this research hold the potential to create a feasible method to assess gestational age at birth in low- and middle-income countries where reliable estimation may be otherwise unavailable.
Experiences of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic: descriptive findings from a survey of families in the Born in Bradford study
Authors: Dickerson Josie , Kelly Brian , Lockyer Bridget , Bridges Sally , Cartwright Christopher , Willan Kathryn , Shire Katy , Crossley Kirsty , Sheldon Trevor A. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Wright John , McEachan Rosemary R C , Pickett Kate E. ,   on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Group
Published: October 2020

Background: Lockdown measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 virus may be increasing health inequalities, with families from deprived and ethnically diverse backgrounds most likely to be adversely affected. This paper presents findings of the experiences of the Covid-19 lockdown on families living in the multi-ethnic and deprived city of Bradford, England.

Methods: Questionnaire surveys were sent during the Covid-19 UK lockdown (10th April to 30th June 2020) to parents in two prospective birth cohort studies. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and employment status. Text from open questions were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results: Of 7,652 families invited, 2,144 (28%) participated. Ethnicity of respondents was: 957 (47%) Pakistani heritage, 715 (35%) White British and 356 (18%) other. 971 (46%) live in the most deprived decile of material deprivation in England. 2,043 (95%) were mothers and 101 were partners. The results summarised below are based on the mothers’ responses. Many families live in poor quality (N=574, 28%), and overcrowded (N=364, 19%) housing; this was more common in families of Pakistani heritage and other ethnicities. Financial (N=738 (37%), food (N=396, 20%), employment (N=728, 37%) and housing (N=204, 10%) insecurities were common, particularly in those who were furloughed, self-employed not working or unemployed. Clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms were reported by 372 (19%) and 318 (16%) of the mothers and were more common in White British mothers and those with economic insecurity. Open text responses corroborated these findings and highlighted high levels of anxiety about becoming ill or dying from Covid-19.

Conclusions: The experiences of the Covid-19 lockdown in this ethnically diverse and deprived population highlight a large number of families living in poor housing conditions, suffering from economic insecurity and poor mental health. There is a need for policy makers and commissioners to better support these families.
Trade business. Economics and management of retail chains
Authors: Cheglov Vyacheslav
Published: October 2020

The textbook summarizes the author's twenty-year experience in such large network trading companies as Klass, PFC BIN, and X5 Retail Group.
It is written in accordance with the curriculum and educational and methodological complex for the discipline "Economic activity of retail chains", which is part of the cycle of academic disciplines of the master's program "Organization and technology of trade business", direction "trade business". Covers a wide range of issues related to the theory and practice of network retail enterprises. Introduces readers to the forms of network business organization in retail, modern formats of retail trade, the organization of the trading process on the network principle and its features, current regulatory legal acts regulating the activities of network retail companies.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of economic and trade universities, students of universities and training centers of retail trading companies, managers engaged in retail.
History
Authors: Trifonova Galina , Suprunova Elena , Pay Svetlana , Salionov Aleksandr
Published: October 2020

The textbook reflects the most important stages of the history of the world community and Russia from ancient times to the present day. The authors trace the course of bright and at the same time dramatic events in world and national history over the centuries. The authors ' distinctive feature is their attempt to show the relationship of social processes that took place in Russia at different times, in the context and in the outline of world history. The main feature of this manual is a systematic view of the historical processes that took place in Russia and in the world. The textbook, taking into account the achievements of modern historical science, contains a set of modern methodological developments that contribute to the better assimilation of the course "History".
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education of the latest generation.
Recommended for students of secondary vocational education institutions studying history.
Getting Their Hands Dirty: How Female Managers Motivate Female Worker Productivity Through Subordinate Scut Work
Authors: Ranganathan Aruna , Shivaram Ranjitha
Published: October 2020

Using ethnographic, personnel, and experimental data from an Indian garment factory, this paper investigates whether and how manager gender affects female worker productivity. We find that female managers motivate greater female worker productivity than male managers by engaging in subordinate scut work, the practice of voluntarily getting one’s hands dirty to perform subordinates’ routine tasks, which increases subordinates’ engagement with their work. Our qualitative data help to generate hypotheses that we explore using personnel data on individual productivity and test causally using a laboratory-in-the-field experiment in which we randomly assign workers to supervisors and experimentally manipulate supervisors’ ability to perform subordinate scut work. This paper contributes to the literature on motivating worker productivity by drawing attention to the important role of manager gender and by studying a less-researched organization context—that of a female-dominated workplace. The paper also contributes to the literature on women in management by investigating their impact on worker performance, measured objectively, and uncovering subordinate scut work as a specific managerial practice that female managers can use to foster engagement with work and improve female worker productivity.

This paper was accepted by Greta Hsu, organizations.
MAPEAMENTO DE SUSCETIBILIDADE E DE PERIGO À EROSÃO E INVENTÁRIO DE CICATRIZES EROSIVAS NA ZONA DA MATA SETENTRIONAL PERNAMBUCANA
Authors: Xavier Joaquim Pedro de Santana , Listo Fabrizio De Luiz Rosito
Published: October 2020

A previsão de processos erosivos tem passado por um aprimoramento a partir da utilização de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), destacando-se as análises multicritério, que possibilitam integrar diversos fatores condicionantes (ex: clima, relevo, solo, litologia, uso da terra entre outros) destes processos. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as áreas de maior perigo à erosão do município de Aliança, Zona da Mata Setentrional Pernambucana, onde é comum a ocorrência de feições erosivas, a partir da associação entre a carta de suscetibilidade e a carta de uso da terra, validando-a a partir da sobreposição com um inventário de cicatrizes erosivas. A carta de suscetibilidade foi obtida por meio de uma análise sistêmica dos fatores condicionantes naturais e a carta de uso e ocupação da terra, pela fotointerpretação de imagens de satélite, todas em escala municipal. Os resultados indicaram que embora haja solos altamente erodíveis no município, a capacidade da chuva erodi-los é relativamente fraca, revelando, que outros fatores condicionantes (ex. cobertura pedológica) e os fatores antrópicos possuem um papel relevante na deflagração dos processos erosivos.
PENSADO LA EVIDENCIA ARQUEOLÓGICA DESDE LA GEOGRAFÍA: PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS TERRITORIALIDADES DE LAS POBLACIONES ANTIGUAS DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Quesada Samira Jalet
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal justificar la utilidad de trabajar de manera interdisciplinaria entre la Geografía y la Arqueología, esto como medio para aproximarnos a comprender parte de las realidades sociales de las poblaciones antiguas. Lo anterior se expone a partir de una propuesta metodológica para la identificación de las territorialidades de las poblaciones que habitaron lo que hoy se conoce como Costa Rica, según el sitio arqueológico de interés, siendo un insumo significativo para la gestión comunitaria del Patrimonio Arqueológico en pro de su conservación y preservación como un producto turístico.
OS DESAFIOS DO CONSÓRCIO INTERMUNICIPAL DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS DO VALE DO AÇU, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Da Silva Filho Raimundo Inácio , Corrêa Antonio Carlos De Barros
Published: October 2020

Os resíduos sólidos constituem um dos graves problemas urbanos no mundo atual para o qual se busca soluções urgentes. No Brasil, o enfrentamento oficial dessa questão só ocorreu recentemente quando o governo federal sancionou a Lei 12.305/2010, que dispõe sobre a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Apesar da lei, a maioria dos municípios brasileiros não tem avançado neste tema. A falta de gestão e de destinação adequada para os resíduos sólidos urbanos são apontadas como desafios a serem superados. Para tanto, uma das alternativas encontrada tem sido a criação de consórcios intermunicipais. No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, o governo estadual instituiu em 2010 o Plano Estadual de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos e o ordenamento geográfico dos 167 municípios que passaram a integrar 07 Consórcios Regionais de Saneamento Básico. O Consórcio Regional de Saneamento Básico do Vale do Açu, desde a sua criação não conseguiu sair do papel. A pesquisa investigou os obstáculos que dificultam a sua operacionalização e constatou que a situação econômica dos municípios, a rotatividade dos prefeitos, a distância das cidades para a sede do aterro sanitário e a falta de envolvimento da população são obstáculos à sua operacionalização.
Acute effect of passive cycling exercise on serum levels of interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
Authors: Carvalho Maurício Tatsch Ximenes , Real Amanda Albiero , Cabeleira Maria Eduarda , Schiling Emilly , Lopes Isabela , Bianchin Jéssica , da Silva Antônio Marcos Vargas , Annoni Raquel , de Albuquerque Isabella Martins
Published: October 2020

Background/aims

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that early mobilisation is beneficial for patients in the intensive care unit. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the acute effect of an early passive cycling exercise session on serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 levels in critically ill patients.

Methods

A total of 11 haemodynamically stable and deeply sedated (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale-4) adult patients within the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation received a single 20-minute session of passive cycle ergometer. Serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 levels were measured at baseline, immediately after the intervention and 60 minutes after the intervention.

Findings

Interleukin-8 levels decreased significantly 60 minutes after the passive cycle ergometer session compared to baseline (P=0.001). The serum levels of interleukin-10 increased immediately after the end of the 20 minutes and at 60 minutes after the intervention (P<0.001).

Conclusions

A single 20-minute session of passive cycle ergometer seems to have a positive effect on the inflammatory response in critically ill patients.
Reliability of gait parameters in male and female healthy adults during self-paced treadmill-based walking
Authors: Bahadori Shayan , Immins Tikki , Wainwright Thomas W
Published: October 2020

Background/aims

The purpose of this study was to examine the intra-rater reliability of the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Laboratory system during self-paced mode, in repeated gait analysis of healthy individuals.

Methods

A total of 10 healthy men (age: 35.4 ± 13.3 years; body mass index: 25.2 ± 4.3) and 10 healthy women (age: 41.1 ± 16.4 years; body mass index: 24.5 ± 2.6) were split into two groups according to sex. They walked on a split-belt, self-paced treadmill. Each participant completed two gait assessments separated by an average of 7 ± 3 days. Key gait kinematic, kinetic and spatial-temporal parameters were analysed. The interclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were calculated to evaluate the reliability of these gait parameters.

Results

There was a high repeatability of spatial temporal and excellent repeatability of kinematic and kinetic parameters in both groups.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Laboratory system in self-paced mode is a good instrument to evaluate gait parameters for women as well as men.
Developing patient information and clinician education resources for venous thromboembolism in a physiotherapy department in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Drake Chris , Hicks Nicola , Atkin Leanne
Published: October 2020

Venous thromboembolism is a major contributor to global disease burden and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Physiotherapists often encounter people who are at elevated risk of venous thromboembolism, and as such are a vital part of an interdisciplinary approach to the prevention and management venous thromboembolism. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, appropriate and accessible patient and clinician information resources regarding venous thromboembolism are of paramount importance, to facilitate safety netting and optimise health outcomes with minimal face-to-face contact. This article describes an interdisciplinary approach to the development of patient and clinician information resources within an acute hospital physiotherapy department in the UK. This was conducted with the intention of providing appropriate safety netting for patients at risk of lower extremity venous thromboembolism and to actively facilitate prevention, detection and early intervention.
L’ICE de Clàssiques de la URV: una visió
Authors: Prieto Barrero Juana , Bravo Masgoret Anna
Published: October 2020

L’Institut de Ciències de l’Educació (ICE) de Clàssiques de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) és un grup de treball, format per professors de clàssiques en l’àmbit no universitari de les comarques de Tarragona, que ens reunim cada quinze dies per a formar-nos en noves eines didàctiques en l’ensenyament del Llatí i el Grec a les nostres escoles i instituts. Seguim el mètode inductiu-conceptual i volem aprofundir en el seu coneixement, així com cercar i crear activitats que facin l’aprenentatge d’aquestes llengües més lúdic i vivencial. El nostre formador és Guillem Cintas, professor de Llatí a l’Institut Molí de la Vila de Capellades (Barcelona).
Carta a una joven filóloga
Authors: Ramírez de Verger Antonio
Published: October 2020

Algunas reflexiones sobre la Filología Clásica: pasado, presente y futuro.
L’audiovisual: una oportunitat per a l’ensenyament del grec
Authors: Solé Gimeno David , Rion López Lorena
Published: October 2020

Aquest article exposa les diferents possibilitats que, segons el Grup d’Innovació Docent Cinestèsia, presenta l’audiovisual com a recurs educatiu a les aules de l’ensenyament secundari i, més concretament, a l’assignatura de Grec. Els autors expliquen els avantatges que comporta l’audiovisual davant d’altres metodologies més tradicionals i proposen diverses maneres de treballar els continguts mitjançant vídeos.
Una mirada terrible: usos textuals i iconogràfics de Medusa en època imperial
Authors: Gómez Cardó Pilar
Published: October 2020

En la literatura grega d’època imperial romana els mites són encara un element important en la construcció del discurs narratiu. En aquesta literatura sovintegen les referències a obres artístiques perquè, en l’època de la Segona Sofística, l’art també revela cultura, forma part de la paideia, de manera que les obres d’art interessen perquè serveixen de suport a la història, al mite, i, per tant, són alhora senyal identitari de la tradició grega que nodreix la creació literària en els primers segles de l’Imperi. En tal context, aquest treball se centra en un mite concret, el de Medusa, amb l’objectiu d’acarar textos d’autors del segle II dC amb determinades manifestacions artístiques coetànies per tal d’examinar la funció del mite, tant en el relat textual com en la iconografia, i provar de trobar-ne punts en comú o elements de divergència.
El diàleg amb Iorgos Seferis al llibre Tres suites de Carles Miralles
Authors: Marcos Hierro Ernest E.
Published: October 2020

Aquest article examina les traces del diàleg amb l’obra del poeta Iorgos Seferis (1900-1971), especialment del llibre Mithistòrima, en l’obra del poeta català Carles Miralles (1944-2015), que fou estudiós i traductor del Premi Nobel grec. A tall d’exemple, l’article analitza la presència d’elements i motius de la poesia de Seferis en el darrer llibre de Miralles, Tres suites, aparegut pòstumament l’any 2017.
Three-dimensional synthetic aperture focusing photoacoustic microscopy based on the acoustic simulation generated delay time and weighted factor
Authors: Peng Kuan , Pang Weiran , Xiao Jiaying , Wang Bo , Zhang Xiaokai
Published: October 2020

Acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ARPAM) is a promising imaging tool in biomedical applications for its advantage of penetration over other optical imaging techniques. However, the lateral resolution of ARPAM deteriorates significantly in the out-of-focus region. The synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is required to restore this kind of focus-related imaging distortion. The conventional SAFT method is based on the virtual detector (VD) conception, in which the phase of the received photoacoustic (PA) signal is calculated by assuming the focus of the transducer as a VD. Nevertheless, the phase of the received PA signal is not only determined by the geometrical parameters of the transducer, but also by the transducer’s electromechanic response and the original PA signal. Ignoring these two factors will reduce the quality of the imaging results. In this work, a new SAFT method, which is based on acoustic simulation, is proposed for ARPAM. The measured PA signal from a point target at the focus is employed to evaluate the convolution of the transducer’s electromechanic response and the original PA signal. This measured signal is used as the excitation in an acoustic simulation. The simulation, which is based on the geometrical and acoustic parameters of the transducer, is employed to calculate the delay time and weighted coefficient for the SAFT calculation. The phantom experiments with point and line targets indicate that the proposed method obtains imaging results with better lateral resolution and improved signal-noise ratio compared with the widely used VD-based SAFT method.
Alignment of rendered images with photographs for testing appearance models
Authors: Hannemose Morten , Doest Mads Emil Brix , Luongo Andrea , Gregersen Søren Kimmer Schou , Wilm Jakob , Revall Frisvad Jeppe
Published: October 2020

We propose a method for direct comparison of rendered images with a corresponding photograph in order to analyze the optical properties of physical objects and test the appropriateness of appearance models. To this end, we provide a practical method for aligning a known object and a point-like light source with the configuration observed in a photograph. Our method is based on projective transformation of object edges and silhouette matching in the image plane. To improve the similarity between rendered and photographed objects, we introduce models for spatially varying roughness and a model where the distribution of light transmitted by a rough surface influences direction-dependent subsurface scattering. Our goal is to support development toward progressive refinement of appearance models through quantitative validation.
Refractive index of air. 2. Group index: comment
Authors: Pollinger Florian
Published: October 2020

Philip E. Ciddor and Reginald J. Hill published an analytical
expression and a detailed procedure in 1999 on how to compute the
group refractive index of air [Appl. Opt.
38, 1663 (1999).APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.38.001663]. The
International Association of Geodesy (IAG) has been referring to this
procedure in its official recommendations for the compensation of the
index of refraction in geodetic observations since then. Equation (B2)
of the published procedure, however, contains a sign error. For proper
application, this error must be corrected accordingly.
Enhancing the Faraday rotation of monolayer black phosphorus by the optical Tamm state at the photonic crystal interface
Authors: Dong Daxing , Liu Youwen , Fu Yangyang
Published: October 2020

Black phosphorus (BP) is a two-dimensional material with a direct bandgap that exhibits in-plane anisotropy, high charge carrier mobility, and excellent optical properties. It also can demonstrate a strong magneto–optical response under an external magnetic field. In this paper, we present a theoretical study to enhance the Faraday rotation of the monolayer BP by the optical Tamm state at the interface between two photonic crystals. The optical Tamm state can increase the Faraday rotation angle significantly through the localization of the electromagnetic field with high transmittance. When the externally applied magnetic field is 5 T, the gain in the Faraday rotation angle can reach 37.37 dB with a transmittance greater than 65%. The Faraday rotation angle can be adjusted proportionally by the external magnetic field while retaining the high transmittance, and the operating frequency also remains unchanged. In addition, the Faraday rotation angle and operating frequency can be adjusted by changing the carrier density and photonic crystal parameters.
Mode matching error signals using radio-frequency beam shape modulation
Authors: Ciobanu A. A. , Brown D. D. , Veitch P. J. , Ottaway D. J.
Published: October 2020

Precise mode matching is needed to maximize performance in coupled
cavity interferometers such as Advanced Laser Interferometer
Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). In this paper, we present a new
mode matching sensing scheme, to the best of our knowledge, that uses
a single radio-frequency higher-order-mode sideband and single-element
photodiodes. It is first-order insensitive to misalignment and can
serve as an error signal in a closed loop control system for a set of
mode matching actuators. We also discuss how it may be implemented in
Advanced LIGO. The proposed mode matching error signal has been
successfully demonstrated on a tabletop experiment, where the error
signal increased the mode matching of a beam to a cavity to 99.9%.
Flexible gauge length intrinsic fiber-optic strain sensor using broadband interferometry [Invited]
Authors: Williamson J. , Henning A. J. , Martin H. , Furness T. , Fletcher S. , Jiang X.
Published: October 2020

Monitoring strain is important in precision engineering applications that require maintaining the precise alignments of structures over time, such as those found in machine tools and metrology frames. We present a fiber-optic strain measurement technique based upon broadband interferometry that is variously configurable in terms of gauge length and sensitivity. This is achieved by the use of an unbalanced interrogation interferometer configuration that alleviates the cavity length limit imposed by the temporal coherence of the system. We also demonstrate that dispersion in fiber sensors based on intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometers must be considered to optimize performance. The possibility of multisensor interrogation using the same optical system is also reported.
Monolithic bowtie cavity traps for ultracold gases
Authors: Cai Yanping , Allman Daniel G. , Evans Jesse , Sabharwal Parth , Wright Kevin C.
Published: October 2020

We report on trapping and cooling

6

L
i

atoms in a monolithic ring bowtie cavity. To make the cavity insensitive to magnetic fields used to tune atomic interactions, we constructed it entirely from fused silica and Zerodur. The components were assembled using hydroxide bonding, which we show can be compatible with ultra-high vacuum. Backscattering in high-finesse ring cavities readily causes trap intensity fluctuations and heating, but with phase-controlled bi-directional pumping, the trap lifetime can be made long enough for quantum gas experiments in both the crossed-beam trap (unidirectional pump) and 2D lattice trap (bidirectional pump) configurations.
Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography boosted by a branched 4f system with a slicing mirror
Authors: Saiki Takao , Hosobata Takuya , Kono Yukihiro , Takeda Masahiro , Ishijima Ayumu , Tamamitsu Miu , Kitagawa Yutaro , Goda Keisuke , Morita Shin-ya , Ozaki Shinobu , Motohara Kentaro , Yamagata Yutaka , Nakagawa Keiichi , Sakuma Ichiro
Published: October 2020

We present sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) with a slicing mirror in a branched 4f system for an increased number of frames without sacrificing pixel resolution. The branched 4f system spectrally separates the laser light path into multiple paths by the slicing mirror placed in the Fourier plane. Fabricated by an ultra-precision end milling process, the slicing mirror has 18 mirror facets of differing mirror angles. We used the boosted STAMP to observe dynamics of laser ablation with two image sensors which captured 18 subsequent frames at a frame rate of 126 billion frames per second, demonstrating this technique’s potential for imaging unexplored ultrafast non-repetitive phenomena.
Magnetic modulation of far- and near-field IR properties in rod-slit complementary spintronic metasurfaces
Authors: Armelles Gaspar , Bergamini Luca , Cebollada Alfonso , González M. Ujué , Álvaro Raquel , Torné Lorena , Zabala Nerea , Aizpurua Javier
Published: October 2020

Complementary metasurfaces composed of randomly-placed arrays of aligned rods or slits are fabricated out of giant magnetoresistance Ni81Fe19/Au multilayers (MLs), a material whose optical properties change under the application of an external static magnetic field. The two metasurfaces are studied from both the experimental and theoretical viewpoints. The induced magnetic modulation (MM) of both the far-field signal and the resonant near field, at the rod/slit localized surface plasmon frequency, are found to obey the Babinet’s principle. Furthermore, the near-field MM is found to be higher than the far-field counterpart. At resonance, both arrays show spots with high values of the magnetic modulated intensity of the electric near field (MM hot-spots). We show that this high magnetic modulation of the near-field intensity is very promising for the future development of high sensitivity molecular sensing platforms in the Mid- and Far-IR, using Magnetic-Modulation of Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (MM-SEIRA) spectroscopy
Topological optomechanically induced transparency
Authors: Zangeneh-Nejad Farzad , Fleury Romain
Published: October 2020

The interaction of optical and mechanical degrees of freedom can lead to several interesting effects. A prominent example is the phenomenon of optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT), in which mechanical movements induce a narrow transparency window in the spectrum of an optical mode. In this Letter, we demonstrate the relevance of optomechanical topological insulators for achieving OMIT. More specifically, we show that the strong interaction between optical and mechanical edge modes of a one-dimensional topological optomechanical crystal can render the system transparent within a very narrow frequency range. Since the topology of a system cannot be changed by slight to moderate levels of disorder, the achieved transparency is robust against geometrical perturbations. This is in sharp contrast to trivial OMIT which has a strong dependency on the geometry of the optomechanical system. Our findings hold promise for a wide range of applications such as filtering, signal processing, and slow-light devices.
Confocal visible/NIR photoacoustic microscopy of tumors with structural, functional, and nanoprobe contrasts
Authors: Chen Jiangbo , Zhang Yachao , Li Xiaozhen , Zhu Jingyi , Li Dengfeng , Li Shengliang , Lee Chun-Sing , Wang Lidai
Published: October 2020

Distinguishing early-stage tumors from normal tissues is of great importance in cancer diagnosis. We report fiber-based confocal visible/near-infrared (NIR) optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy that can image tumor microvasculature, oxygen saturation, and nanoprobes in a single scanning. We develop a cost-efficient single laser source that provides 532, 558, and 1064 nm pulsed light with sub-microseconds wavelength switching time. Via dual-fiber illumination, we can focus the three beams to the same point. The optical and acoustic foci are confocally aligned to optimize the sensitivity. The visible and NIR wavelengths enable simultaneous tumor imaging with three different contrast modes. Results show obvious angiogenesis, significantly elevated oxygen saturation, and accumulated nanoparticles in the tumor regions, which offer comprehensive information to detect the tumor. This approach also allows us to identify feeding and draining vessels of the tumor and thus to determine local oxygen extraction fraction. In the tumor region, the oxygen extraction fraction significantly decreases along with tumor growth, which can also assist in tumor detection and staging. Fiber-based confocal visible/NIR photoacoustic microscopy offers a new tool for early detection of cancer.
Gesture and handling: Designing a non-linguistic art-based process for Creative Ageing Opening Spaces project
Authors: Dennis Rea
Published: October 2020

The relocation to aged care can represent a savage dislocation from the small day-to-day tasks and relationships that accumulate across an individual’s long and well-lived life. Theatre arts offer a wide scope for expressive and therapeutic needs in such contexts. This article examines the value of embodied practices to support non-verbal interactions for older participants. It presents examples of the hand-based activities we used and discusses the way these were drawn on to design the art-based methodology for the Creative Ageing Opening Spaces research project in Melbourne, Australia. Participant experiences are discussed and recommendations are made for art-led design processes, which value non-linguistic sensory practices as genuinely meaningful for creating uplifting care opportunities for older people.
Konposatu metal-organikoen sintesia laborategitik industriako aplikazioetara
Authors: Echenique-Errandonea Estitxu
Published: October 2020

Konposatu metal-organikoen propietate interesgarriak direla eta, azken hiru hamarkadetan material horien ikerketak iraultza handia izan du. Ikerketa-taldeek zein industriak jarri ditu MOFen aplikazio posibleak ikerketaren jomugan. Horregatik, laborategitik industria-mailako ekoizpenera igarotzeko modua ikertzea oso garrantzitsua da ehungintzan eta garraiobideen eta elikagaien industrian. Testuinguru horretan, artikulu honek laborategi-mailako sintesitik industriako ekoizpen handiko sintesira igarotzeko kontuan hartu beharreko faktoreak argitu eta eskala handian produzitutako MOFen lehen aplikazioak aurkeztu nahi ditu.