bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entanglement wedge cross-section in shock wave geometries
Authors: Boruch Jan
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We consider reflected entropy in a thermofield double state perturbed by a heavy operator insertion. For sufficiently early operator insertions the dual geometry can be described by a localized shock wave geometry. We calculate the entanglement wedge cross-section in this geometry for symmetric intervals and find that it matches precisely with the CFT result for sufficiently late times. Our result exhibits a plateau before going to zero, a behaviour similar to the one observed recently in the context of global quantum quenches. We find that at high temperatures this behaviour is properly captured by the line-tension picture.
Donaldson–Thomas invariants from tropical disks
Authors: Cheung Man-Wai , Mandel Travis
Published: July 2020

We prove that the quantum DT-invariants associated to quivers with genteel potential can be expressed in terms of certain refined counts of tropical disks. This is based on a quantum version of Bridgeland’s description of cluster scattering diagrams in terms of stability conditions, plus a new version of the description of scattering diagrams in terms of tropical disk counts. The weights with which the tropical disks are counted are expressed in terms of motivic integrals of certain quiver flag varieties. We also show via explicit counterexample that Hall algebra broken lines do not result in consistent Hall algebra theta functions, i.e., they violate the extension of a lemma of Carl–Pumperla–Siebert from the classical setting.
Hypoxia and perfusion in breast cancer: simultaneous assessment using PET/MR imaging
Authors: Carmona-Bozo Julia C. , Manavaki Roido , Woitek Ramona , Torheim Turid , Baxter Gabrielle C. , Caracò Corradina , Provenzano Elena , Graves Martin J. , Fryer Tim D. , Patterson Andrew J. , Gilbert Fiona J.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance in breast cancer. However, the temporally variant nature of hypoxia can complicate interpretation of imaging findings. We explored the relationship between hypoxia and vascular function in breast tumours through combined 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18 F-FMISO) PET/MRI, with simultaneous assessment circumventing the effect of temporal variation in hypoxia and perfusion.

Methods

Women with histologically confirmed, primary breast cancer underwent a simultaneous 18F-FMISO-PET/MR examination. Tumour hypoxia was assessed using influx rate constant Ki and hypoxic fractions (%HF), while parameters of vascular function (Ktrans, kep, ve, vp) and cellularity (ADC) were derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI, respectively. Additional correlates included histological subtype, grade and size. Relationships between imaging variables were assessed using Pearson correlation (r).

Results

Twenty-nine women with 32 lesions were assessed. Hypoxic fractions > 1% were observed in 6/32 (19%) cancers, while 18/32 (56%) tumours showed a %HF of zero. The presence of hypoxia in lesions was independent of histological subtype or grade. Mean tumour Ktrans correlated negatively with Ki (r = − 0.38, p = 0.04) and %HF (r = − 0.33, p = 0.04), though parametric maps exhibited intratumoural heterogeneity with hypoxic regions colocalising with both hypo- and hyperperfused areas. No correlation was observed between ADC and DCE-MRI or PET parameters. %HF correlated positively with lesion size (r = 0.63, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Hypoxia measured by 18F-FMISO-PET correlated negatively with Ktrans from DCE-MRI, supporting the hypothesis of perfusion-driven hypoxia in breast cancer. Intratumoural hypoxia-perfusion relationships were heterogeneous, suggesting that combined assessment may be needed for disease characterisation, which could be achieved using simultaneous multimodality imaging.

Key Points

• At the tumour level, hypoxia measured by 18F-FMISO-PET was negatively correlated with perfusion measured by DCE-MRI, which supports the hypothesis of perfusion-driven hypoxia in breast cancer.

• No associations were observed between 18F-FMISO-PET parameters and tumour histology or grade, but tumour hypoxic fractions increased with lesion size.

• Intratumoural hypoxia-perfusion relationships were heterogeneous, suggesting that the combined hypoxia-perfusion status of tumours may need to be considered for disease characterisation, which can be achieved via simultaneous multimodality imaging as reported here.
A palynological perspective on the impacts of European contact: Historic deforestation, ranching and agriculture surrounding the Cuchumatanes Highlands, Guatemala
Authors: Harvey William J. , Nogué Sandra , Stansell Nathan , Adolf Carole , Long Peter R. , Willis Kathy
Published: July 2020

The Spanish conquest of the Cuchumatanes Highlands (1524–1541ce) led to dramatic land use changes adhering to colonial practices and values, which included the rearing of livestock, agriculture, timber extraction, mining, and the relocation of indigenous populations to new settlements. These changes are often recorded in historical accounts and official records; however, these are sparse, incomplete, and have been lost over the passage of time. Here, we present a high-resolution palaeoenvironmental reconstruction for Cenote Kail (Guatemala) since the Spanish Conquest, to provide additional evidence of land use changes from an integrated multi-proxy perspective. We analysed: (i) fossil pollen; (ii) macroscopic and microscopic charcoal; and (iii) dung fungal spores (Sporormiella) from a lake sediment core extracted from Cenote Kail in the Cuchumatanes highlands, combining these analyses with remotely sensed satellite data. We reconstructed: (i) forest composition and dynamics; (ii) burning, (iii) fauna abundance, and (iv) agricultural activities. High resolution age-depth modelling was conducted using a combination of210Pb and14C dates. The high temporal resolution enabled a novel integrated validation of the charcoal data sets with remotely sensed satellite data and the historical record. Three stages of floral compositional change were discerned from the palynological assemblage data encompassing: (i) the decline of mixed hard wood forests (MHWF), associated with the building of new settlements, agriculture and timber extraction for fuel (1550–1675ce); (ii) pastoral expansions involving the rearing of livestock (1700–1800ce); and (iii) the expansions of urban settlements and increasing management of the land (1821–2015ce). Seed predation is suggested as the dominant factor preventing MHWF from re-establishing in the Cuchumatanes Highlands over the past 500 years. Burning is limited locally and regionally and in line with the modern regime, which suggests that fire has been managed and controlled since European contact.
Involvement of CsERF2 in leaf variegation of Cymbidium sinense ‘Dharma’
Authors: Gao Jie , Liang Di , Xu Qingquan , Yang Fengxi , Zhu Genfa
Published: July 2020

Main conclusion

CsERF2, an ethylene response factor, plays a role in leaf variegation.

Leaf variegation is a main ornamental characteristic inCymbidium sinense(C.sinense). However, the mechanisms of leaf color variegation remain largely unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the cytological and physiological features, as well as molecular analyses of leaves from wild-type (WT) and leaf variegation mutants ofCymbidium sinense‘Dharma’. Chloroplasts with typical and functional structures were discovered in WT and green sectors of the mutants leaves (MG), but not in yellow sectors of the mutant leaves (MY). The activities of key enzymes involved in chlorophyll (Chl) degradation and their substrate contents were significantly increased in MY. Genes related to Chl degradation also showed a significant up-regulation in MY. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of all identified ethylene response factors (ERFs) was significantly up-regulated, and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content in MY was significantly higher compared with MG. QRT-PCR analysis validated that the expression levels of genes related to Chl degradation could be positively affected by ethylene (ETH) treatment. Stable overexpression ofCsERF2inNicotiana tabacum(N. tabacum) led to a decrease in Chl content and abnormal chloroplast. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that the KEGG pathway related to chloroplast development and function showed significant change in transgenicN. tabacum. Therefore, the leaf color formation ofC.sinensewas greatly affected by chloroplast development and Chl metabolism.CsERF2played an important role in leaf variegation ofC.sinense.
Technical principles of atmospheric carbon dioxide reduction and conversion: economic considerations for some developing countries
Authors: Roduner Emil , Rohwer Egmont R.
Published: July 2020

Since natural photosynthesis in our biosphere does not have the capacity to cope with the additional atmospheric CO2 due to combustion of fossil fuels, CO2 has to be actively removed. Efficient methods are currently being developed, but the captured gas has to be dumped in safe and permanent storage environments. Alternatively, it has to be purified before it can be recycled catalytically, using renewable energy, to high-value chemicals as feedstock for the synthesis of polymers, fine chemicals, or in large quantities liquid solar fuels. The combustion of solar fuels is carbon-neutral. If produced at locations where renewable energy is cheap, they become an important economic opportunity. The requirement to achieve a carbon-zero energy supply also for air traffic allows planning for an as yet unknown higher price compared to that of fossil fuels. Use of solar fuels in closed cycle applications may also relieve the energy situation in the large number of off-grid households in rural Africa. The availability of energy, in particular of electricity, is essential for advanced living conditions, prevents migration to urban areas, and therefore protects a rich variation of tribal cultural, religious and social traditions.

Graphic abstract
Correction to: Progressive Pricing: The Ethical Case for Price Personalization
Authors: Coker Jerod , Izaret Jean-Manuel
Published: July 2020

The article Progressive Pricing: The Ethical Case for Price Personalization, written by Jerod Coker and Jean-Manuel Izaret, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 4 June 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 15 July 2020 to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
A balancing act: Swedish occupational safety and health inspectors’ reflections on their bureaucratic role when supervising micro-enterprises
Authors: Hagqvist Emma , Vinberg Stig , Toivanen Susanna , Landstad Bodil J.
Published: July 2020

The safety and health of many workers employed in micro-enterprises (with less than 10 employees) is poor, and legal arrangements related to working environments remain a considerable challenge in these enterprises. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how Swedish occupational safety and health (OSH) inspectors perceive themselves as inspectors and their role as bureaucratic regulators when meeting micro-enterprises. In the study, 11 Swedish inspectors were interviewed and asked to reflect on their role as inspectors, how they perceive themselves as inspectors and what their role is as bureaucratic regulators when inspecting micro-enterprises. The qualitative content analysis revealed one theme—a balancing act—and three categories: one inspector, many roles; interactions with micro-entrepreneurs; and exercise the profession as an inspector. The results showed that OSH inspectors experience challenges in meeting the requirements of street-level bureaucracy while addressing the needs of micro-enterprises. In conclusion, OSH inspectors need organisational support to develop inspection models and enforcement styles tailored to micro-enterprises, as this could ease their work and contribute to better inspection outcomes. The implications of this study include a need for increased competence about working environment issues in micro-enterprises, development of enforcement styles among the inspectors, emphasis of the importance of specific governmental projects for OSH and development of models in this enterprise group. Additionally, development of micro-enterprise managers’ competence and ability to handle issues related to the working environment and health were also important.
Experimental insights into consolidation rates during one-dimensional loading with special reference to excess pore water pressure
Authors: Olek Bartłomiej Szczepan
Published: July 2020

Consolidation rate has significant influence on the settlement of structures founded on soft fine-grained soil. This paper presents the results of a series of small-scale and large-scale Rowe cell consolidation tests with pore water pressure measurements to investigate the factors affecting the consolidation process. Permeability and creep/resistance structure factors were considered as the governing factors. Intact and reconstituted marine clay from the Polish Carpathian Foredeep basin as well as clay–sand mixtures was examined in the present study. The fundamental relationship correlating consolidation degrees based on compression and pore water pressure was assessed to indicate the nonlinear soil behaviour. It was observed that the instantaneous consolidation parameters vary as the process progresses. The instantaneous coefficient of consolidation first drastically increases or decreases with increase in the degree of consolidation and stabilises in the middle stage of the consolidation; it then decreases significantly due to viscoplastic effects occurring in the soil structure. Based on the characteristics of the relationship between coefficient of consolidation and degree of dissipation at the base, the consolidation range that complies with theoretical assumptions was established. Furthermore, the influence of coarser fraction in clay–sand mixtures in controlling the consolidation rates is discussed.
Derivation of age-adjusted LACE index thresholds in the prediction of mortality and frequent hospital readmissions in adults
Authors: Fry Christopher Henry , Heppleston Erica , Fluck David , Han Thang Sieu
Published: July 2020

The LACE index has been shown to predict hospital readmissions and death with variable accuracy. A LACE index ≥ 10 is considered as high risk in the existing literature. We aimed to derive age-specific LACE index thresholds in the prediction of mortality and frequent readmissions. Analysis of prospectively collected data of consecutive alive-discharge episodes between 01/04/2017 and 31/03/2019 to a single hospital was conducted. The derivation of LACE index thresholds for predicting all-cause mortality within 6 months of hospital discharge or frequent readmissions (≥ 2 times within 28 days) was examined by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) in 32270 patients (14878 men, 17392 women) aged 18–107 year (mean = 64.0 years, SD = 20.5). For all patients with a LACE index ≥ 10, the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting mortality was 80.5% (95% CI 79.7–81.3) and for frequent readmissions was 84.0% (83.0–85.1). Two-graph ROC plots showed that the LACE index threshold where sensitivity equates specificity was 9.5 (95% intermediate range = 5.6–13.5) for predicting mortality and 10.3 (95% intermediate range = 6.6–13.6) for frequent readmissions. These thresholds were lowest among youngest individuals and rose progressively with age for mortality prediction: 18–49 years = 5.0, 50–59 years = 6.5, 60–69 years = 8.0, 70–79 years = 9.8 and ≥ 80 years = 11.6, and similarly for frequent readmissions: 18–49 years = 5.1, 50–59 years = 7.5, 60–69 years = 9.1, 70–79 years = 10.6 and ≥ 80 years = 12.0. Positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) ranged 1.5–3.3 and 0.4-0.6 for predicting mortality, and 2.5–4.4 and 0.3–0.6 for frequent readmissions, respectively, with stronger evidence in younger than in older individuals (LRs further from unity). In conclusion, the LACE index predicts mortality and frequent readmissions at lower thresholds and stronger in younger than in older individuals. Age should be taken into account when using the LACE index for identifying patients at high risk.
Effectiveness of lanreotide autogel 120 mg at extended dosing intervals for acromegaly
Authors: Bernabéu Ignacio , Fajardo Carmen , Marazuela Mónica , Cordido Fernando , Venegas Eva María , de Pablos-Velasco Pedro , Maroto Gonzalo Piedrola , Olvera María Pilar , de Paz Isabel Pavón , Carvalho Davide , Romero Carme , De la Cruz Guillermo , Escolá Cristina Álvarez
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Recent data indicate that extended dosing intervals (EDIs) with lanreotide autogel 120 mg are effective and well-received among patients with acromegaly who have achieved biochemical control with monthly injections of long-acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs). We further evaluated the effectiveness of lanreotide autogel 120 mg delivered at EDIs (>4 weeks) in routine clinical practice.

Methods

Cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study conducted to determine the effectiveness—measured by control of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)—of lanreotide autogel 120 mg at dosing intervals >4 weeks for ≥6 months in selected patients with acromegaly treated in routine clinical practice (NCT02807233). Secondary assessments included control of growth hormone (GH) levels, treatment adherence, patient satisfaction, and quality of life (QoL) using validated questionnaires (EQ-5D, AcroQoL, and TSQM-9). Patients who received radiotherapy within the last 6 months were excluded.

Results

Among 109 patients evaluated, mean (SD) age was 59.1 (13.2) years. IGF-1 values were normal (mean [SD]: 175.0 [74.5], 95% CI: 160.8 –189.1) in 91.7% of cases and normal in 91.4% of patients without previous radiotherapy treatment (n = 81). GH levels were ≤2.5 and ≤1 ng/mL, respectively, in 80.6% and 58.3%. Most patients were treated either every 5–6 (57.8%) or 7–8 weeks (38.5%), with 2.8% treated greater than every 8 weeks. The mean AcroQoL score was 63.0 (20.1). The mean global treatment satisfaction score (TSQM-9) was 75.1 (16.6). Treatment adherence (defined as no missed injections) was 94.5%.

Conclusion

Lanreotide autogel 120 mg at intervals of >4 weeks provided IGF-1 control in more than 90% of patients with acromegaly. Treatment satisfaction and adherence were good. These findings support use of extended dosing intervals in patients who have achieved good biochemical control with long-acting SSAs.
Conversion of CO2 during the DFB biomass gasification process
Authors: Mauerhofer A. M. , Müller S. , Bartik A. , Benedikt F. , Fuchs J. , Hammerschmid M. , Hofbauer H.
Published: July 2020

In many industrial processes, the climate-damaging gas CO2is produced as undesired by-product. The dual fluidized bed biomass gasification technology offers the opportunity to tackle this problem by using the produced CO2within the process as gasification agent. Therefore, a 100 kWthpilot plant at TU Wien was used to investigate the use of CO2as gasification agent by converting softwood as fuel and olivine as bed material into high-valuable product gas. A parameter variation was conducted, where the typically used gasification agent steam was substituted stepwise by CO2. Thereby, the amount of CO and CO2increased and the content of H2decreased in the product gas. These trends resulted in a declining H2/CO ratio and a decreasing lower heating value when CO2was increased as gasification agent. In contrast to these declining trends, the carbon utilization efficiency showed an increasing course. As second part of this work, a temperature variation from 740 to 840 °C was conducted to investigate the change of the main product gas components. With increasing temperature, CO and H2increased and CO2decreased. To determine the degree of conversion of CO2in the DFB reactor system, two approaches were selected: (1) a carbon balance and (2) a hydrogen balance. This way, it was found out that a certain amount of CO2was indeed converted at the investigated process conditions. Furthermore, under certain assumptions, the reverse water-gas shift reaction was identified to be the predominant reaction during CO2gasification.
Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with Chlamydia or Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Oliva Alessandra , Siccardi G. , Migliarini A. , Cancelli F. , Carnevalini M. , D’Andria M. , Attilia I. , Danese V. C. , Cecchetti V. , Romiti R. , Ceccarelli G. , Mastroianni C. M. , Palange P. , Venditti M.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread all over the world causing a global pandemic and representing a great medical challenge. Nowadays, there is limited knowledge on the rate of co-infections with other respiratory pathogens, with viral co-infection being the most representative agents. Co-infection withMycoplasma pneumoniaehas been described both in adults and pediatrics whereas only two cases ofChlamydia pneumoniaehave been reported in a large US study so far.

Methods

In the present report, we describe a series of seven patients where co-infection withC. pneumoniae(n = 5) orM. pneumoniae(n = 2) and SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a large teaching hospital in Rome.

Results and conclusion

An extensive review of the updated literature regarding the co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and these atypical pathogens is also performed.
Low-temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of CaMg1−xLi2xSi2O6 (x = 0−0.3) ceramics
Authors: Huang Fangyi , Su Hua , Li Yuanxun , Zhang Huaiwu , Tang Xiaoli
Published: July 2020

In this study, low-temperature fired CaMg1−xLi2xSi2O6microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared via the traditional solid-state reaction method. In this process, 0.4 wt% Li2CO3-B2O3-SiO2-CaCO3-Al2O3(LBSCA) glass was added as a sintering aid. The results showed that ceramics consisted of CaMgSi2O6as the main phase. The second phases were CaSiO3always existing and Li2SiO3occurring at substitution contentx> 0.05. Li+substitution effectively lowered sintering temperature due to 0.4 wt% LBSCA and contributed to grain densification, and the most homogeneous morphology could be observed atx= 0.05. The effects of relative density, the second phase, and ionic polarizability on dielectric constant (εr) were investigated. The quality factor (Q×f) varied with packing fraction that concerned the second phase. Moreover, the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τf) was influenced by MgO6octahedral distortion and bond valence. Excellent dielectric properties of the CaMg1−xLi2xSi2O6ceramic was exhibited atx= 0.05 with εr= 7.44,Q×f= 41,017 GHz (f= 15.1638 GHz), and τf= −59.3 ppm/°C when sintered at 900 °C. It had a good application prospect in the field of low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and devices.
An open-source library for hydrodynamic simulation of marine structures
Authors: Miquel Sergi Escamilla i , Fonseca Ícaro Aragão , Gaspar Henrique Murilo , Vieira Daniel Prata
Published: July 2020

The work focuses on an open and collaborative approach for hydrodynamic simulations of multibody operations. It builds on Vessel.js, an existing web-based ship design library, by modeling the interaction between entities and creating multibody models able to output different responses. To develop the cases here studied, the simulations are decomposed into single elements to understand their behavior separately before making them interact with other elements to create a multibody simulation. In the process, different hydrodynamic models are used to analyze the bodies according to the requirements of the simulations and the needed level of complexity. The simulations are coded in JavaScript and visualized in a web environment, with the option of using external hydrodynamic analyzes, which in this work were exemplified using a commercial software that adopts the linear potential wave theory. The paper concludes with a discussion about future applications of methods and simulations.
Der Informationsgehalt von Indikatoren des Technologietransfers in peripheren Regionen
Authors: Pomp Caron , Zundel Stefan
Published: July 2020

An Hochschulen wird vermehrt die Erwartung herangetragen, einen Beitrag zu regionalen Wirtschaftsentwicklung zu leisten. In diesem Kontext, der oft als Teil der so genannten Third Mission angesehen wird, wird auch gefordert, Output und Wirkung des Technologietransfers auf die regionale Wirtschaft durch Indikatoren möglichst gut zu erfassen. Eine Literaturauswertung liefert eine Liste jener Indikatoren, die in der Literatur zu diesem Zweck häufig angeführt werden. Diese Indikatoren können den Erfolg von Transferleistungen aber nur beschränkt abbilden, weil es eine Vielzahl von intermittierenden Faktoren gibt, die die Wirkung einer Hochschule auf die sie umgebende regionale Wirtschaft beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus muss eine schwache Performance von Hochschulen im Technologietransfer in peripheren Regionen nicht die mangelnde Leistungsfähigkeit einer dieser Hochschule signalisieren. Dafür können auch strukturelle Bindungsprobleme zur umgebenden Region und die fehlende Absorptionsfähigkeit der regionalen Wirtschaft verantwortlich sein.
Oscillatory flow reactors for synthetic chemistry applications
Authors: Bianchi Pauline , Williams Jason D. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: July 2020

Oscillatory flow reactors (OFRs) superimpose an oscillatory flow to the net movement through a flow reactor. OFRs have been engineered to enable improved mixing, excellent heat- and mass transfer and good plug flow character under a broad range of operating conditions. Such features render these reactors appealing, since they are suitable for reactions that require long residence times, improved mass transfer (such as in biphasic liquid-liquid systems) or to homogeneously suspend solid particles. Various OFR configurations, offering specific features, have been developed over the past two decades, with significant progress still being made. This review outlines the principles and recent advances in OFR technology and overviews the synthetic applications of OFRs for liquid-liquid and solid-liquid biphasic systems.
COVID-19: is it just a lung disease? A case-based review
Authors: Spuntarelli Valerio , Luciani M. , Bentivegna E. , Marini V. , Falangone F. , Conforti G. , Rachele E. S. , Martelletti P.
Published: July 2020

Due to its extreme virulence, COVID-19 virus has rapidly spread, developing a severe pandemic. SARS-COV-2 mostly affected the respiratory tract, causing a severe acute lung failure. Although the infection of airways, COVID-19 can be associated with chronic and systemic damages still not so much known. The purpose of this research is to collect recent evidence in literature about systemic diseases caused by COVID-19. The format of the present article has features of a systematic case-based review (level of evidence), and it is structured as a case series report (patients of our COVID-19 Medicine Ward have been selected as cases). Data for this review have been selected systematically, taking evidence only from indexed journals and databases: PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Cochrane systems. Papers chosen included systematic reviews, case series, clinical cases, meta-analysis studies, and RCTs. We start collecting studies since 2003. The main keywords used were “COVID-19” “OR” “SARS” “OR” “SARS – COV 2” “AND” “systemic disease” / “nephropathy” / “cardiac pathology” / “central nervous system.” Clinical cases belong to our COVID-19 Medicine Ward. One of the most severe COVID-19 clinical presentations includes cardiovascular problems, like myocarditis, pericarditis, and acute hearth failure. Cytokine release syndrome caused by COVID-19 develops severe acute kidney failure. It is still unknown the way coronavirus damages the liver, brain, and reproductive system. Considering the majority of the new studies about this pathology, it issues that COVID-19 is considered to be a multi-organ disease.
Structure aware Runge–Kutta time stepping for spacetime tents
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Jay , Schöberl Joachim , Wintersteiger Christoph
Published: July 2020

We introduce a new class of Runge–Kutta type methods suitable for time stepping to propagate hyperbolic solutions within tent-shaped spacetime regions. Unlike standard Runge–Kutta methods, the new methods yield expected convergence properties when standard high order spatial (discontinuous Galerkin) discretizations are used. After presenting a derivation of nonstandard order conditions for these methods, we show numerical examples of nonlinear hyperbolic systems to demonstrate the optimal convergence rates. We also report on the discrete stability properties of these methods applied to linear hyperbolic equations.
Evaluation of initial progress to implement Common Metrics across the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Consortium
Authors: Welch Lisa C. , Tomoaia-Cotisel Andrada , Noubary Farzad , Chang Hong , Mendel Peter , Parajulee Anshu , Fenwood-Hughes Marguerite , Etchegaray Jason M. , Qureshi Nabeel , Chandler Redonna , Selker Harry P.
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Consortium, about 60 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported CTSA hubs at academic health care institutions nationwide, is charged with improving the clinical and translational research enterprise. Together with the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), the Consortium implemented Common Metrics and a shared performance improvement framework.

Methods:

Initial implementation across hubs was assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods over a 19-month period. The primary outcome was implementation of three Common Metrics and the performance improvement framework. Challenges and facilitators were elicited.

Results:

Among 59 hubs with data, all began implementing Common Metrics, but about one-third had completed all activities for three metrics within the study period. The vast majority of hubs computed metric results and undertook activities to understand performance. Differences in completion appeared in developing and carrying out performance improvement plans. Seven key factors affected progress: hub size and resources, hub prior experience with performance management, alignment of local context with needs of the Common Metrics implementation, hub authority in the local institutional structure, hub engagement (including CTSA Principal Investigator involvement), stakeholder engagement, and attending training and coaching.

Conclusions:

Implementing Common Metrics and performance improvement in a large network of research-focused organizations proved feasible but required substantial time and resources. Considerable heterogeneity across hubs in data systems, existing processes and personnel, organizational structures, and local priorities of home institutions created disparate experiences across hubs. Future metric-based performance management initiatives across heterogeneous local contexts should anticipate and account for these types of differences.
Development of a Medical Support Training Program for Disaster Management in Indonesia: A Hospital Disaster Medical Support Program for Indonesia
Authors: Kang Hui Min , Pek Jen Heng , Venkataraman Anantharaman
Published: July 2020

Disasters are often unforeseen events. Hospitals form a critical component of any country’s disaster management medical support system. To ensure optimal operations, minimize chaos, and allow flexibility in response, planning and practice are crucial. Singapore Health Services (SingHealth) collaborated with Hasanuddin University (UnHas) in Makassar, Indonesia, to develop a Hospital Disaster Medical Support (HDMS) program for the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. An assessment of the needs of the hospitals in Makassar, Indonesia, for disaster preparedness was carried out. A curriculum for the HDMS program was developed based on the assessment. Discussions with stakeholders of various hospitals were held for the implementation of this program. A total of 310 participants were trained in this program over the two-year period. The feedback from the participants was positive. The exercises provided a more realistic simulation of the concepts of hospital management in a disaster situation. Up to 73 persons were also trained as program instructors during this period. The development of the cadre of instructors in hospital disaster medical support will likely help sustain the program for the next few years.
Early Miocene marsupialiforms, gymnures, and hedgehogs from Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Spain)
Authors: Crespo Vicente D. , Goin Francisco J. , Montoya Plini , Ruiz-Sánchez Francisco J.
Published: July 2020

Materials from the localities of Araia d'Alcora in the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Spain, early Miocene, Biozone C, MN4) have yielded an assemblage of erinaceids and metatherians, relatively rich for an Iberian site. The most common erinaceid is the gymnureGalerix symeonidisiDoukas, 1986, present in almost all of the studied sites. Other erinaceids in the faunal list are possibly an indeterminate species of the generaLantanotheriumFilhol, 1888 andAtelerixPomel, 1848, in what constitutes one of their oldest occurrences in Europe. Metatherians are represented by the herpetotheriidAmphiperatherium frequens erkertshofense(Koenigswald, 1970). The material described here was partially published by Furió and colleagues in 2012. We complete it with new material from the known localities and with material from new sites. We describe for the first time the lower dentition of this taxon in this basin, thus increasing knowledge of the high variability of its decidual molars. In addition, the climatic preferences of the speciesA. frequens(von Meyer, 1846), which was probably less strict in its humidity requirements than previously thought, are also discussed.
EXPLORING THE GUALE VILLAGE AND SPANISH MISSION OCCUPATIONS AT THE SAPELO SHELL RING COMPLEX THROUGH BAYESIAN ANALYSIS
Authors: Thompson Victor D , Jefferies Richard W , Moore Christopher R
Published: July 2020

Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon (14C) dates in North American archaeology is increasing, especially among archaeologists working in deeper time. However, historical archaeologists have been slow to embrace these new techniques, and there have been only a few examples of the incorporation of calendar dates as informative priors in Bayesian models in such work in the United States. To illustrate the value of Bayesian approaches to sites with both substantial earlier Native American occupations as well as a historic era European presence, we present the results of our Bayesian analysis of 14C dates from the earlier Guale village and the Mission period contexts from the Sapelo Shell Ring Complex (9MC23) in southern Georgia. Jefferies and Moore have explored the Spanish Mission period deposits at this site to better understand the Native American interactions with the Spanish during the 16th and 17th centuries along the Georgia Coast. Given the results of our Bayesian modeling, we can say with some degree of confidence that the deposits thus far excavated and sampled contain important information dating to the 17th-century mission on Sapelo Island. In addition, our modeling of new dates suggests the range of the pre-Mission era Guale village. Based on these new dates, we can now say with some degree of certainty which of the deposits sampled likely contain information that dates to one of the critical periods of Mission period research, the AD 1660–1684 period that ushered in the close of mission efforts on the Georgia Coast.
When was Melaka founded and was it known earlier by another name? Exploring the debate between Gabriel Ferrand and Gerret Pieter Rouffaer, 1918−21, and its long echo in historiography
Authors: Borschberg Peter
Published: July 2020

A century ago, research on the Malay world was experiencing major breakthroughs on several fronts, but the greatest achievement at the time was without doubt George Coedès’ ‘rediscovery’, based on Asian sources, of a forgotten kingdom named Srivijaya. His book, published in 1918, saw a wave of publications follow in its wake. Sources were trawled in the hope of finding answers to unresolved issues and unidentified place names. Attention invariably also fell on Melaka. In a long article published by the French academic and diplomat Gabriel Ferrand in the same year, the question of Melaka's founding date came under the spotlight. What do the different surviving sources tell us? What about Gaspar Correia's claim that Melaka was a thriving port city for centuries before the arrival of the Portuguese? Was the city — just as in the case of Temasek (Singapore) — known by a different name in earlier times? Ferrand's publication provoked a response from the Dutch academic Gerret Pieter Rouffaer, director of the KITLV. What he planned to be a 20-odd page response to Ferrand swelled into a multifaceted argument running into hundreds of pages. The debate between Ferrand and Rouffaer that touched on Melaka and Temasek-Singapura's early history probably eluded most of their academic contemporaries who were not proficient in both Dutch and French, especially in the English-speaking world. The present article reconstructs the main points of this debate together with their echo in historiography. It makes a contribution to the ongoing discourses, especially in Malaysia, concerning the founding date of Melaka.
Therapy discontinuation in a primary care psychological service: why patients drop out
Authors: Ghaemian Aisan , Ghomi Mahdi , Wrightman Miles , Ellis-Nee Colm
Published: July 2020

The present study aimed to explore patients’ experience with an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service, and to investigate the reasons for discontinuing their treatment. A qualitative approach was adopted using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews carried out with 818 patients attending for treatment in Talking Change from November 2015 to January 2019, retrospectively. The five main themes that emerged from the study were: ‘Felt better’, ‘Issues with group settings’, ‘Therapeutic alliance breakdown’, ‘Miscommunication’ and ‘Impracticalities’. The qualitative study uncovered a wide range of reasons for people who had dropped out from their treatment. The findings mainly emphasised general dissatisfaction and inconvenient appointments. However, improvement in symptoms of depression and anxiety was also identified as a key factor among patients who discontinued their treatment. This recovery is known as ‘progress withdrawal’ in which patients withdraw from treatment early due to good therapeutic progress. We present clinical and procedural implications arising from these themes.

Key learning aims

(1)

To explore what can cause discontinuation of therapy.

(2)

To obtain the experience of people who have received treatment and dropped out from Talking Change Psychological Therapy services.

(3)

To explore whether people recovered as part of the treatment withdrawal and what may have helped towards that recovery.
Using technology to understand how therapist variables are associated with clinical outcomes in IAPT
Authors: Bateup S.E. , Palmer C.R. , Catarino A.
Published: July 2020

The UK’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapy Programme (IAPT) has improved transparency of primary mental health care in relation to the mandatory reporting of clinical outcomes. However, the data reveal a significant variance in outcomes. These findings have led to a growing body of research investigating to what extent therapist variables account for the difference in clinical outcomes. Previous studies have not had access to sufficient recordings or transcripts of therapy sessions in order to fully address this question. The purpose of this study was to use therapy transcripts derived from internet enabled cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment sessions in order to investigate whether and how therapist variables are associated with clinical outcome. A hierarchical log-linear analysis examined the relationship between therapist/patient variables and clinical outcome. Therapist fidelity to the CBT model and associated adherence to an evidence-based protocol were significantly related to clinical outcome. A graphical representation of the statistical model suggests that patient recovery is directly linked with fidelity and indirectly with adherence, after adjusting for patient attributes of age, gender and clinical presentation. Corroborating previous research, therapist competence and adherence to an evidence-based treatment protocol appear to be important in improving outcomes. These findings have implications for the continuing professional development of qualified therapists, potentially reinforcing the importance of reducing therapist drift.

Key learning aims

(1)

To develop an understanding in relation to which therapist variables are associated with clinical outcome in IAPT.

(2)

To reflect on how fidelity to the CBT model and adherence to evidence-based treatment protocols may affect clinical outcomes.

(3)

To exemplify use of a statistical method for enhanced visual understanding of complex multi-factorial data.
Global history of science as a knowledge resource for the Anthropocene
Authors: Schemmel Matthias
Published: July 2020

Non-technical summary

The article addresses the role of science in the present global ecological crisis, both as a factor in bringing it about and as a means to confront it. It is argued that the history of science, pursued in a global and long-term perspective, is an important knowledge resource for understanding the development of science in society. Pivotal episodes from that history, ranging from the origin of science in antiquity via the early modern scientific revolution to recent developments in industrial societies, are discussed with a particular emphasis on the case of China and with a view to the present crisis.
The Effect of Antarctic Sea Ice on Southern Ocean Carbon Outgassing: Capping Versus Light Attenuation
Authors: Gupta Mukund , Follows Michael J. , Lauderdale Jonathan Maitland
Published: July 2020

We examine the role of sea ice in controlling air‐sea carbon fluxes around Antarctica using numerical simulations and idealized theory. Upwelling of carbon and nutrient‐rich deep waters in the Southern Ocean promotes outgassing of CO2 and fuels the biological flux of sinking organic particles. Sea ice inhibits outgassing, by presenting a physical barrier to air‐sea exchange (capping), and decreases biological uptake by reducing the flux of photons to the ocean surface (light attenuation). These two compensating effects suggest that changes in sea ice may have a modest impact on the air‐sea flux of CO2 in the region. Numerical simulations support this inference, showing that the net integrated flux remains nearly constant for a large range of sea ice fractions when the ice cover is uniform and time‐invariant. Consequently, the outgassing flux is only significantly capped when the ice cover is nearly complete. A simple analytical model shows that the compensation strength can be uniquely characterized by a single parameter that depends on the flow residence time scale under ice, relative to the air‐sea equilibration and biological time scales. When the ice is seasonal, compensation between capping and light attenuation is weakened, but still significant. The spring months are particularly important due to the co‐occurrence of an extended sea ice cover and the presence of sunlight.
A Future of Retreating Glaciers in the Himalayas
Authors: Padma T.
Published: July 2020

India’s first regional climate change assessment warns of accelerated glacier melt.
El Niño–Southern Oscillation Evolution Modulated by Atlantic Forcing
Authors: Chikamoto Y. , Johnson Z. F. , Wang S.‐Y. Simon , McPhaden M. J. , Mochizuki T.
Published: July 2020

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a strong influence on tropical Atlantic variability, but it is also affected by Atlantic forcing. Previous research has proposed three Atlantic precursors for ENSO: the North tropical Atlantic, the equatorial Atlantic, and the entire tropical Atlantic. However, the relative importance of these Atlantic precursors for ENSO remains unclear. Here, we present evidence from a set of multimodel partial ocean assimilation experiments that equatorial Atlantic cooling is the main contributor for weakening equatorial zonal winds in the Indo‐Pacific sector and subsequent ocean warming in the tropical Pacific. Opposite tendencies occur for a warmer equatorial Atlantic. The equatorial Atlantic affects the interbasin climate seesaw between the Atlantic and Pacific through an atmospheric zonal Wavenumber 1 pattern. However, model mean state biases and systematic errors prevent a precise assessment of the response times for the equatorial Pacific trade winds to Atlantic forcing.
Dynamics of Spontaneous (Multi) Centennial‐Scale Variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Strength During the Last Interglacial
Authors: Kessler A. , Bouttes N. , Roche D. M. , Ninnemann U. S. , Tjiputra J.
Published: July 2020

Recent reconstructions of bottom water δ13C during the last interglacial (LIG) suggest short‐lived variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Spontaneous (multi) centennial‐scale variability of the AMOC simulated in the Earth system model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM are investigated for that period. The model simulates abrupt AMOC transitions occurring at 300 years frequency and correspond to a switch of the AMOC vigor between a strong (∼17 Sv) and a weak (∼11 Sv) state. The onset of these abrupt transitions is associated with changes in orbital forcings resulting in the decline of summer insolation in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic and affecting the sea ice cover in two key deep convection regions: (1) the northern Nordic Seas (NNS) and (2) the northwest North Atlantic (NWNA). Northward inflow of Atlantic surface water increases the convection depth in (1) and strengthens the Greenland Iceland Norway (GIN) Seas overturning circulation. Subsequent ocean‐atmosphere interactions involving sea ice, ocean heat release, anomalies of evaporation‐precipitation, and wind stress over the Nordic Seas lead also to an increase in deep convection in (2), followed by increase in the AMOC strength.