bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaches to understanding the category "special legal regimes"
Authors: Bukhanevych Oleksandr M. , Mernyk Anastasiia M. , Petryshyn Oleh O.
Published: June 2021

The study investigates the main approaches to understanding such legal categories as “legal regimes” and “special legal regime”, and provides their classification. Special legal regimes serve as the legal basis for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms; therefore, the relevance of the study of the concept, types, and main features of special legal regimes is beyond doubt. The authors of the study consider the relationship between the categories of special legal regime of a state of emergency and martial law, and describe the main grounds for their imposition. The authors noted a need for a clear, consistent legal regulation of the model of behaviour aimed at overcoming and eliminating negative consequences of an emergency and military nature. Attention is focused on the fact that in Ukraine, the regulation of public relations arising in connection with emergencies and military situations has become particularly important after the emergence of a military conflict on the territory of Ukraine and the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The study provides the author’s vision of the categories “legal regimes” and “special legal regimes”. it is proposed to interpret the legal regimes as the regulatory procedure, which is expressed in a set of legal means that describe a special combination of interacting permits, prohibitions, and obligations, while implementing a special focus of regulation. The latter should be interpreted as a form of public administration that makes provision for the restriction of the legal personality of individuals and legal entities, introduced as a temporary measure provided by means of administrative and legal nature, and aimed at ensuring the security of the individual, society, and the state. The study provides the classification of special legal regimes and contains proposals to distinguish them according to the content and basis of occurrence as follows: state of emergency, martial law, state of siege, state of war, state of public danger, state of tension, state of defence, state of threat, state of readiness, state of vigilance
Global experience in implementing electronic administrative services
Authors: Hetman Yevhen A. , Politanskyі Viacheslav S. , Hetman Kateryna O.
Published: June 2021

One of the factors for the development of civil society in democratically developed countries is an effective, wellfunctioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at investigating the specific features of implementing electronic administrative services in the practice of countries with the most developed e-government mechanisms. In the study of the problem, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the leading methods were: dialectical, comparative legal, analysis, synthesis, interpretation. The study analysed criteria for evaluating electronic administrative services in the leading countries of the European Union and the United States. The study examines the basic electronic administrative services for citizens in online mode provided in the countries of the European Commonwealth. The study examines the global experience of implementing electronic administrative services in such countries as: USA; France; Great Britain; Germany; Estonia and Sweden. The author’s approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services is formulated, based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. It is concluded that one of the best ways to encourage the provision of administrative services in electronic form in the countries of the European Union is to standardise their provision – the development of clear organisational and technical-technological rules and requirements, and their main position is that the provision of services through electronic means of communication should complement, and not replace other communication channels
Certain aspects of the system of public administration of universities: World practices and the Ukrainian dimension
Authors: Nepomnyashchyy Oleksandr M. , Marusheva Oleksandra A. , Prav Yurii H. , Medvedchuk Oksana V. , Lahunova Iryna A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with determining ways to improve the system of public administration of educational institutions in order to ensure competitiveness. Were analysed the main trends in the regulatory support for the activities of higher education institutions in the article, as a result of which the basic innovations of the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”, which became the basis for the formation of systems of academic mobility, virtue and autonomy, were defined. The main problems of development of higher education system in Ukraine were identified, consisting of imperfect management mechanisms, inefficient system of financing and incomplete implementation of processes of academic autonomy defined by law. The main approaches to reforming the higher education system in Ukraine were analysed, as a result of which the role of the public administration system in the regulation and coordination of higher education institutions were determined. Today this system is not flexible and therefore cannot be effective. The creation of approaches to the rating of higher education institutions determines the format of redistribution of funds in the system of state financing of education. This system will motivate educational institutions to improve the quality of the educational process, research activities, academic mobility, partnerships, the level of material and technical resources of the educational process, the level of employment of graduates in the specialty and the like. These indicators provide motivation to improve the performance of higher education institutions, but do not fully solve the problem of lack of funding, in particular for innovation. Low pay for faculty members also affects the educational process negatively. Thus, the article gives recommendations on the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of the system of state management of universities, which consists in creating opportunities to attract financial resources of partners of higher educational institutions, cooperation of education and business, simplification of the system of development of grants and financial cooperation with foreign educational institutions
Who was Peter Karlsson of Helsingborg? An Attempt to Identify a Medieval Seal Stamp Find
Authors: Weidhagen-Hanerdt Margareta , Sjøvold Torstein , Mörnstad Håkan
Published: June 2021

Finds of seal stamps in graves from the Middle Ages are very rare, especially if they are undamaged. The owner of the well-preserved stamp in grave 207 in the Church of St. Clement in Helsingborg was a nobleman, called Peter Karlsson. His coat of arms, which is quartered, restricted the searching for his relationships geographically. A ’terminus ante quem' was set by the archaeological investigation. The individual age was determined by means of an osteological and odontological investigation. It has not, on the whole, been possible to connect the actual name with any known armorial seal with the quartered shield. The unclear family relationships of this time and the only accidentally preserved documents from the Middle Ages do not offer the research worker of genealogy and heraldry sufficiently reliable sources. Even if there is no clear evidence, however, many facts nevertheless support the presumption that the seal owner in grave 207 was identical with Mayor Peter Karlsson of Helsingborg and also that he was a member of the Thott family.
Historical or Textual Archaeology - An Archaeology of Critical Rereading
Authors: Herschend Frands
Published: June 2021

Based on a discussion of the relationship between history and archaeology, the author proposes a critical analysis of both written and material sources. All sources are considered textual and should be analysed (reread) on three levels: the conceptual, the intentional and the structural. In an example - an analysis of the meaning of the concept ’land'- the value of the analysis is shown to be the formation of a discursive and meaningful concept in an evolutionary and additive production of knowledge. Rereading ought to be the methodological approach of textual archaeology.
The Slavs Yesterday and Today - Different Perspectives on Slavic Ethnicity in German Archaeology
Authors: Kilger Christoph
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the numerous images of the Slavic tribes between the Elbe and the Oder in archaeological interpretations. The position taken by East German archaeologists was to integrate the Slavs explicitly into the theoretical constructions of historical-materialism; in the ideological struggle between East and West the Slavs, as victims of medieval feudal developments politically supported the picture of a common socialist identity and history. In contrast West German archaeologists on the basis of rigid source criticism placed the Slavs behind the scenes of the historical stage.
The Perishable Past - On the Advantage and Disadvantage of Archaeology for Life
Authors: Wienberg Jes
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to make clear whether and in that case why archaeology is important. Often this is seen as a self-evident fact which needs no motivation. My point of departure is a concrete example, namely, the medieval church of Mårup in Denmark which will soon fall into the sea: Why is it so crucial to save or document this church and many other traces of the past? Isn't the so-called cultural heritage condemned to destruction and oblivion? Rhetorical catchwords, cultural values, justifications and explanations within cultural heritage management, archaeology, history and social anthropology are presented and critically discussed together with indirect motivations borrowed from the literature about the abuse of the past.
Man the Interpreter - From Natural Science to Hermeneutics in Swedish Archaeology
Authors: Hegardt Johan
Published: June 2021

The epistemological principles of natural science dominate the archaeological discourse. Methods and theories developed exclusively for natural science are used in archaeology without further ado. Archaeological institutions employ experts on scientific methods. University departments, scholarship foundations and other institutions spend large amounts of money on projects and education with an explicit connection to natural science. The significance and outcome of such projects are hardly ever questioned. In this article the background of the present situation is analysed. It is also argued that archaeologists should pay more attention to life. It is in the ontology of life that we as archaeologists seek a significant meaning in history, not in explanations of present conditions constructed with methods developed for natural science. It is stated that archaeologists should tum to the first science —philosophy —if our mission, which is to explore the ontological aspects of life, shall become explicit in the discourse of archaeology.
Archaeological University Education and Professional Archaeology in Sweden
Authors: Welinder Stig
Published: June 2021

During the 19th century very few persons in Sweden recieved a doctoral degree in archaeology. Most of them found prestigious top-positions. Today there are about 100 persons with Ph. D.'s working in Swedish archaeology in positions from the top to the bottom of the professional hierarchy. Each year 150-200 students finish their basic education in archaeology. Most of them will never find a permanent full-time job as an archaeologist. The future of Swedish archaeology will very much depend on the ambitions of the general public, including tens of thousands of persons with a formal university education in archaeology but no job within the profession.
Swedish Archaeology in Perspective and the Possibility of Reflexivity
Authors: Berggren Åsa
Published: June 2021

In exploring the possibilities of reflexivity in the Cultural Resource Management archaeology in Sweden, a comparison is made between the excavation at Çatalhöyük in Turkey and an excavation at Burlöv in Malmö, Sweden. The former, a large-scale research project that aims at implementing post-processual ideas, differs in many ways from the latter, which is part of a large-scale rescue project, Öresundsförbindelsen. There are also similarities, and in different ways reflexivity seems to be achieved in both cases.
Cultural Heritage and Antiquarian Attitude
Authors: Burström Mats
Published: June 2021

The cultural heritage is not simply given by history; its content is also a matter for decision in the present. This calls for a dialogue between the heritage management and different groups in society. It is also necessary to formulate a vision of how material remains from the past can enrich the life of the citizen in general. One way to ensure that the cultural heritage touches people is to integrate it into new contexts. The realisation of these points requires a new amiquarian attitude towards the general public.
Classical Blues
Authors: Randsborg Klavs
Published: June 2021

The development of a consciousness of history, in particular hinged on material forms, and of archaeology as such is discussed with particular reference to the traditions of prehistoric and classical archaeology in Scandinavia. The conservative attitudes of traditions are deplored, and globalization seen as the novel challenge.
Marginal Life: Experiencing a Medieval Landscape in the Periphery
Authors: Altenberg Karin
Published: June 2021

Medieval landscape archaeology has mainly focused on the function and management of medieval settlements and their immediate surroundings. While theories concerning the experience of the cultural landscape, regional identity and social structure have proved fruitful in other disciplines such as prehistoric archaeology and human geography, medievalists have disregarded the possibilities of phenomenology for landscape studies. The wealth of materiel available to medieval landscape studies ought to be fully exploited in the development of theories concerning the experience of the landscape during the Middle Ages. Evidence from Bodmin Moor and Dartmoor in south-west Britain is re-examined in order to discuss the ways in which the landscape was perceived by those who lived and worked on the moors and by those who had an interest in the moors from further afield.
Borderline Viewpoints: The Early Iron Age Landscapes of Henged Mountains in East Central Sweden
Authors: Wall Åsa
Published: June 2021

The concept "henged mountain" refers to different archaeological categories of enclosure (hill-forts, enclosures and ceremonial enclosures) that have one thing in common; they all delimit a mountain top. This study focuses on the henged mountains of east central Sweden, taking its point of departure in the henges of eastern Södermanland. It is argued that the henges need to be understood as monuments with an influence over time. Instead of grouping henged mountains into separate categories divided by time, variation between areas is considered. The aim is to show that variations in the henge material express different ways of perceiving landscape and organising social life.
Sparks of Life: The Concept of Fire in Iron Working
Authors: Barndon Randi
Published: June 2021

The author discusses fire as a concept, with an emphasis on traditional iron working and its links with bodily based experiences played out as material metaphors as well as mental conceptions. In East African iron using communities, iron smelting was cloaked in secrecy, seclusion and gendered sexual connotations. An elaborate use of bodily based metaphors guided the use of magic and medicines and created moral laws during periods of smelting. The article will attempt to explain how concepts of fire were related to this. Some preliminary comparisons are made between Greek, Norse and African myths and legends about smiths and their role as 'masters of fire'. Finally, by drawing on case studies based on fieldwork among Fipa and Pangwa blacksmiths and former iron smelters, the author will explore the interconnections between concepts of fire, bodily based metaphors and metal production.
The Vedic Agni and Scandinavian Fire Rituals: A Possible Connection
Authors: Kaliff Anders
Published: June 2021

To use ethnographic analogies is not the same as picking up ready-made interpretations from one cultural context and importing them into another. On the contrary, analogies are a powerful and necessary tool for any archaeological interpretation. If we as scientists are not aware of this we will most certainly use our own time and culture as an unconscious analogy: it is not possible to make interpretations, or even to think, without references outside oneself, and such references are nothing but analogies. l will put forward the hypothesis that the Late Bronze Age society of Scandinavia had rituals resembling, and probably related to, the Vedic tradition. As in Vedic tradition, fire sacrifice seems to have been an important ritual practice in Scandinavia. The Vedic fire altars are built as a symbolic microcosmos, repeating the creation of the world, and the fire (Agni) is seen as a link between earth and the heavenly fire —the sun.
A Bit Arabic: Pseudo-Arabic Inscriptions on Viking Age Weights in Sweden and Expressions of Self-image
Authors: Fernstål Lotta
Published: June 2021

There are many Viking Age weights in Scandinavia, and not least in Swedcn. A few of the sphrrical weights with flat poles, which were used for weighing silver in trading situations, display so-called pseudo-Arabic inscriptions, i.e. writing which resembles Arabic but which is mostly illegible. Why did some people put Arabic-like writing on their weights, and what did they hope to achieve by this? These questions are discussed together with positive aspects of trade, interaction and encounters with foreigners, visual aspects of weights and weighing, as well as personal choices in the presentation of self-image.
Microblade Technology in Quartz during the Mesolithic in Eastern Middle Sweden
Authors: Molin Fredrik , Wikell Roger
Published: June 2021

Thc authors present a material that has previously not been given much attcntion : microblades and microblade cores of quartz from eastern middle Sweden. The focus is on the technology. core types, geographical distribution and dating. The debate on how to interpret the quartz material ofthe region in cultural tenns and the role of the microblade technology in this discussion, are also dealt with. During recent years, many excavations and special surveys have supplied the archaeologists in easterll middle Sweden with new source material. An increased knowledge of quartz is an important factor in the dcvclopment of this field of research. The authors found it vely helpful to discuss the newly found cores and blades and their technical execution with Kjel knutsson of Uppsala University. Gcnerally speaking, the Mesolithic quartz materials from eastern middle Sweden are dominated by two methods ol'reduction; freehand-platform and bipolar-on-anvil. The latter method regularly produces thin flakcs that resemble microblades. In this articlc, however, focus will be on microblades sensu stricto. It seems that the production of'quartz microblades is more common than previously thought. Early reports from sites such as Sjövreten and Skumparberget are no longer anomalies.
Archaeology, Identity, and the Right to Culture: Anthropological perspectives on repatriation
Authors: Nilsson Stutz Liv
Published: June 2021

The debatc concerning repatriation and reburial is attracting increasing attention in Sweden. While most archaeologists today understand the importancc of repatriation and the arguments underlying the claim, the process is not completely unproblematic and certainly not in all cases. This article explores some tendencies within the international debate about repatriation, and frames them within a more general discussion about human rights, the right to culture, and the role of cultural heritage within this debatc. Through a critical approach to the debate, it is argucd that archaeology needs to be a more active party in the negotiations.
A Hobbling Marriage: On the Relationship Between the Collections and the Societal Mission of the Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm
Authors: Jakobsson Mikael , Källén Anna
Published: June 2021

In the late 19th century, the new Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm was a cutting-edge institution for the presentation of ideas of a universal human development from primitive to modern —ideas that were at the heart of the European colonial project. We argue that the archaeological collections with their unaltered 19th-century structures still represent a narrative that reproduces a colonial understanding of the world, a linear arrangement of essential cultural groups according to a teleological development model. Contrary to this, the contemporary mission of the Museum, inspired by the late 20th-century postcolonial thinking, is directed towards questioning this particular narrative. This problematic relationship is thus present deep within the structure of the Museum of National Antiquities as an institution, and it points to the need for long-term strategic changes to make the collections useful for vital museum activity in accordance with the Museum's mission.
“But How Do You Go About It?”: Mobilization Processes in Partnership Building Concerning the Public Face of Contract Archaeology
Authors: Engström Mats , Gruber Göran
Published: June 2021

Partnership and dialogue are central concepts in na- tional heritage management. This article problema- tizes the concepts on the basis of a theme project con- ducted in a high school, where the aim has been to give the pupils insight into history-making processes. The school project was carried out as part of the public activity in a major contract archaeology project. The text has a self-reflexive perspective, analysing mobili- zation processes in connection with the establishment and implementation of the theme project. The article shows the pragmatic attitude of the institutional ac- tors to different educational ideals, with partnership as an instrument on its own in terms of market as- pects. This raises ethical questions about the pupils and the conditions for the desired partnership.
After Interpretation: Remembering Archaeology
Authors: Olsen Bjørnar
Published: June 2021

In the light of some significant anniversaries, this pa- per discusses the fate of archaeological theory after the heyday of postprocessualism. While once considered a radical and revolutionary alternative, post- processual or interpretative archaeology remarkably soon became normalized, mainstream and hegem- onic, leading to the theoretical lull that has charac- terized its aftermath. Recently, however, this consen- sual pause has been disrupted by new materialist per- spectives that radically depart from the postproces- sual orthodoxy. Some outcomes of these perspectives are proposed and discussed, the most significant be- ing a return to archaeology – an archaeology that sacrifices the imperatives of historical narratives, so- ciologies, and hermeneutics in favour of a trust in the soiled and ruined things themselves and the memo- ries they afford.
What About Us? – On Archaeological Objects (or the Objects of Archaeology)
Authors: Garcia-Rovira Irene
Published: June 2021

The introduction of Object-Oriented philosophies has resulted in the development of two main atti- tudes to the study of the past. Some scholars have suggested the development of archaeologies that fo- cus on the fragmentary nature of the archaeological record – inviting a more descriptive approach to doing archaeology – whereas others have used simi- lar frameworks to revitalize the study of social pro- cesses. Both tendencies lean towards archaeologies that embrace ontological enquiry, moving away from questions of human access. In a reflection re- garding things, archives and social processes, this article strives for enquiries which favour theoretical examination that encompasses the study of reality as well as the study of the ways in which archaeolo- gists gain knowledge about the past.
Animals on display: animal motifs, human-animal relations and social semiotics in the Bronze Age rock carvings from Enköping and Norrköping, Sweden
Authors: Wessman Anna
Published: June 2021

Animals make up one of the most common motif groups in south Scandinavian Bronze Age rock art, with depictions of pigs and horses, as well as wild animals like red deer and wild boar, occurring in almost all rock art areas. Despite their ubiquity, their treatment in previous research has been inadequate. In this article, the display of animals in the rock art tradition is mapped out and discussed from a perspective based in human-animal relations and social semiotics. The animal figures are analyzed in terms of species, sex, human practice and regional articulations, as well as in relation to the wider archaeological record. The results reveal that animal motifs probably had a dual role during the Bronze Age, showing both the biological reality and the social and symbolic values that were connected to animals. In addition, the animals depicted in rock art also worked as carriers of semiotic resources, which manifested human social and societal ideas and ideals.
Analisis Perubahan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Akibat Peningkatan Inflasi, Tingkat Suku Bunga SBI dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Studi Pada Bank Indonesia Periode 2008 – 2017)
Authors: Herawati Mirna
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the simultaneous effect of the inflation rate, interest rates and economic growth on the rupia exchange rate. This study also examines the partial effect of the inflation rate on the rupia exchange rate, finds the effect of interest rates on the rupia exchange rate, and economic growth on the rupia exchange rate. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method. The data source used is secondary data in the form of a Time Series. Time-series data is data that is collected over a specified period / period of time. The data collection technique used in this research is the documentary method taken from the Central Bureau of Statistic's data. From the calculation of the F value it is known that 0.00467 < 0.050, so there is a simultaneous influence of the inflation rate, interest rate and economic growth variables on the Rupiah exchange rate. The regression equation is Y = . The inflation rate coefficient for variable X1 is 0.009 and positive. This shows that the inflation rate has a direct relationship with the Rupiah exchange rate. This means that every time one unit of inflation increases, the beta variable (Y) of the rupia exchange rate will also increase by 0.009 with the assumption that other independent variables from the regression model have been corrected. The value of the interest rate coefficient for variable X2 is -0.02 and is negative. This indicates that the interest rate has a direct relationship with the Rupiah exchange rate. This means that each time the interest rate increases by one unit, the beta (Y) variable of the rupia exchange rate will decrease by 0.02 assuming that the other independent variables of the regression model have been corrected. If the value of economic growth (X3) increases one point, then the Y value will decrease by 0.06, assuming that the other independent variables of the regression model are fixed.Keywords: Inflation rate, interest rate, economic growth, rupia exchange rate
La unión convivencial a la luz del derecho internacional privado argentino. / Some considerations about domestic partnerships in the ligth of argentine international private law
Authors: Echegaray de Maussion Carlos E.
Published: June 2021

Con la sanción del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación (CCCN) en 2015 se introdujo en el sistema legal argentino el instituto jurídico de la unión convivencial, siendo regulada en el mismo desde la doble concepción de derecho interno y de derecho internacionalprivado.El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer algunas consideraciones de dicho instituto desde la óptica del Derecho internacional privado y de los problemas que las normas que lo regulan sobre jurisdicción y derecho aplicable pueden acarrear en su interpretación y aplicación y proponer la discusión de una reforma de la norma reguladora del derecho aplicable acorde a las necesidades actuales del tráfico jurídico.ABSTRACT: With the enactment of the new Civil and Commercial Code of the Argentine Republic (CCC) in 2015, the legal concept known as domestic partnership was introduced into the Argentine legal system, and it was organized both from the perspective of domestic law and internationalprivate law.

The goal of this paper is to provide various considerations as regards such legal concept in the light of both international private law and the problems that the norms regulating such concept may involve in terms of competence and applicable law, for interpretation and applicability purposes thereof. Besides, this work seeks to open debate for a reformulation of the norm regulating applicable law tailored to the current needs of legal workload.
ІСТОРИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ МОРСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Примакова В. В.
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена розгляду історико-педагогічного аспекту проблеми розвитку морської освіти, зокрема впливу чинників на її становлення і розбудову в Україні від другої половини ХVIII століття до сьогодення. Авторкою обґрунтовано актуальність проблеми, уточнено контент ключових понять, проаналізовано наявні сьогодні періодизації, розроблені сучасними істориками педагогіки. Виявлено нижню межу процесу становлення галузі, що пов’язують передусім зі створенням перших закладів із підготовки працівників морського транспорту в тогочасній освіті, простежено вектори і динаміку змін цього процесу в широких хронологічних межах.Студіювання історико-педагогічних наукових праць з цього напряму дало можливість простежити основні зміни в розбудові вітчизняної морської освіти, вплив їх на динаміку науково-технічного прогресу, суспільного устрою, що панував на різних етапах розвитку системи, специфічних економічних детермінантах, що істотно трансформували галузь. Зроблено спробу простежити характер змін у зазначений період.З огляду на високі вимоги, що завжди висувалися до рівня фахової підготовки працівника морського профілю, названо основні документи, які регламентують діяльність закладів морської освіти, впливають на характер підготовки та професійного вдосконалення фахівців морського транспорту.Було з’ясовано, що сучасні вимоги до розроблення змісту морської освіти значно ускладнилися. Водночас класичні принципи, окреслені ще за часів виникнення перших закладів морської освіти, залишаються актуальними і сьогодні. Відповідно до зазначеного, на основі ретроспективного аналізу процесів у вказаний період, визначено механізми сучасного неперервного професійного розвитку моряків у системі освіти, вказано труднощі та характер змін в аналізованій системі, спрогнозовано перспективи у цьому напрямі освітньої діяльності. На основі аналізу науково-педагогічної літератури виявлено основні здобутки системи, можливості екстраполяції конструктивного досвіду минулого в сучасну теорію і практику морської освіти, що постійно зазнає суттєвого оновлення.
НАУКОВІ РОЗВІДКИ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ В ГАЛУЗІ МОРСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ: ІСТОРИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Терентьєва Н. О.
Published: June 2021

Стаття репрезентує векторні напрями досліджень різноаспектних питань морської освіти як у військовому, так і в цивільному напрямах її розвитку. Наголошено, що у ХХІ столітті превалюють дослідження, спрямовані на розкриття питань підготовки військових моряків, зокрема, офіцерів тактичного й оперативного рівня; історико-педагогічні дослідження (історія становлення й розвитку морської освіти в Україні), менш чисельними є дослідження компаративного характеру.Мета статті полягає в окресленні основних положень, репрезентованих дослідниками морської освіти з виокремленням напрямів науково-дослідницького пошуку в контексті вимог Морської доктрини України на період до 2035 року і Пріоритетних напрямів наукових досліджень та науково-технічних (експериментальних) розробок НАПН України на 2018–2022 рр.Методологічну основу дослідження становлять основні положення теорії пізнання про єдність процесів, взаємовпливів та взаємозалежностей явищ навколишньої дійсності в конкретно-історичних умовах та комплекс взаємопов’язаних підходів (цілісний, синергентичний, міждисциплінарний, задачний, діяльнісний) і взаємодоповнюваних методів (загальнонаукові, проблемно-тематичний, контент-аналіз, проєктування), зокрема, контент- аналіз, узагальнення, вивчення документації. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає в окресленні векторних напрямів досліджень перспективних питань морської освіти військового і цивільного напрямів на основі здійснення ретроспективного контент-аналізу досліджень ХХІ століття.Зроблено висновок, що перспективними є дослідження компаративного характеру як новий вектор наукового пошуку, що передбачає вивчення продуктивного досвіду розвинутих морських країн та / або країн, які перебувають на стадії політичних та економічних трансформацій з метою виокремлення надбань, які доречно адаптувати для застосування у вітчизняному освітньо-морському просторі; дослідження, спрямовані на розкриття комплексних проблем підготовки висококваліфікованих фахівців морського профілю в умовах прийняття нових державних стандартів вищої освіти, відповідних стратегій, концепцій, доктрин, які обумовлюють розвиток морської освіти і науки як військового, так і цивільного напрямів.
Genetic Resistance of Wheat towards Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: SEİD Awol , İMREN Mustafa , ALİ Muhammed Amjad , TOUMİ Fateh , PAULİTZ Timothy , DABABAT Abdelfattah Amer
Published: June 2021

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are one of the major biotic factors that cause significant yield losses in wheat-growing areas worldwide. The major PPN groups causing significant economic losses in wheat quantity and quality are cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) and root-lesion nematodes (RLNs). Based on their wide distribution, pathogenicity, high occurrence in wheat cultivated areas, they are considered major threats to the global food supply. The economic loss caused by these destructive pathogens ranges from 10 to 100% depending on different agro-ecological conditions such as drought, heat stress, and cold stress. Multidisciplinary management practices are being implemented to manage cereal nematodes (CNs) that range from cultural to molecular strategies. Integration of wheat resistant varieties with appropriate agronomic practices is recognized as the safest and most practical, effective, and applicable management strategy. Nine resistance genes (Cre1–Cre9) to CCN are well- documented in the literature. CreR, CreV and CreZ genes are relatively recently characterized from wheat and confer resistance to CCNs. On the other hand, Rlnn1 is the only resistance gene characterized from wheat that is known to confer resistance towards RLNs. However, breeding for resistance to PPN has numerous challenges that originate from the narrow genetic diversity and difficulty in the process of transferring resistance gene(s) from the source to the target variety. A unique opportunity for wheat genetic improvement was provided due to the availability of genomic resources and the wheat worldwide germplasm collection which includes wild wheat germplasm. Moreover, the presence of several genome-wide association studies and genome editing technologies could also help for further improvement to enhance CNs resistance in wheat. This article provides the latest information regarding the progress made in the identification and characterization of resistance genes from different sources and its utility against both CCNs and RLNs, which will attract the attention of the scientific community and other relevant stakeholders.
O Processo de contratação e elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado da região metropolitana do Recife : O processo de contratação, elaboração e implementação dos PDUIs, contemplando as soluções de governança do plano, a definição dos instrumentos, os arranjos de gestão e a solução de conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo : componente B : relatório de pesquisa
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: June 2021

Este relatório consiste no registro do processo de elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado (PDUI) da Região Metropolitana (RM) do Recife, em Pernambuco, indispensável para a consecução da gestão plena prevista no Estatuto da Metrópole – Lei Federal no 13.089, de 12 de janeiro de 2015, modificada pela Medida Provisória (MP) n° 818, de 11 de janeiro de 2018, e pela Lei no 13.683, de 19 de junho de 2018. Por oportuno e por também constituir-se em elemento indispensável à consecução da gestão plena da RM do Recife, registra-se estar em curso a revisão da institucionalidade necessária à implantação e à implementação da gestão integrada e compartilhada das funções públicas de interesse comum (FPICs) e demais ações metropolitanas, bem como da governança interfederativa da RM do Recife.
Região metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte : interfaces com a construção da PNDU : componente A : relatório de pesquisa
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: June 2021

Com o objetivo de avançar no reconhecimento das relações interfederativas influentes em processos de governança na Região Metropolitana (RM) do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, este relatório apresenta um levantamento das estruturas institucionais formais presentes nesta RM, que constituem práticas de gestão e governança interinstitucionais e que poderão influenciar o planejamento e a governança metropolitana.
Magnetically Regulated Disk Formation in the Inner 100 au Region of the Class 0 Young Stellar Object OMC-3/MMS 6 Resolved by JVLA and ALMA
Authors: Liu Hauyu Baobab
Published: June 2021

We have carried out polarization calibration for archival Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) (∼9 mm) full polarization observations toward the Class 0 young stellar object (YSO) OMC-3/MMS 6 (also known as HOPS-87), and then compared the results with the archival Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm observations. The resolved spectral indices show that the innermost ∼100 au region of OMC-3/MMS 6 is marginally optically thin (e.g., τ ≲ 1) at ∼9 mm wavelength, such that the JVLA observations can directly probe the linearly polarized emission from nonspherical dust. Assuming that the projected long axis of dust grains is aligned perpendicular to magnetic field (B-field) lines, we propose that the overall B-field topology resembles an hourglass shape. The geometry of this system is consistent with a magnetically regulated dense (pseudo)disk, although this “hourglass” appears to be ∼40° inclined with respect to the previously reported outflow axis. In contrast, the inner ∼100 au region of this YSO is likely very optically thick (e.g., τ ≫ 1) at ∼1 mm wavelength. The electric field position angles resolved by JVLA and ALMA present ∼90° offsets on this region, which indicate that the dominant polarization mechanism at 1 mm wavelength is dichroic extinction. This is the second case where the (sub)millimeter dichroic extinction is demonstrated by the direct comparison between the JVLA and ALMA polarization observations.
The Strength and Structure of the Magnetic Field in the Galactic Outflow of Messier 82
Authors: Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Guerra Jordan A. , Asgari-Targhi Mahboubeh , Schmelz Joan T.
Published: June 2021

Galactic outflows driven by starbursts can modify the galactic magnetic fields and drive them away from the galactic planes. Here, we quantify how these fields may magnetize the intergalactic medium (IGM). We estimate the strength and structure of the fields in the starburst galaxy M82 using thermal polarized emission observations from the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy/High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-plus and a potential field extrapolation commonly used in solar physics. We modified the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method to account for the large-scale flow and the turbulent field. Results show that the observed magnetic fields arise from the combination of a large-scale ordered potential field associated with the outflow and a small-scale turbulent field associated with bow-shock-like features. Within the central 900 pc radius, the large-scale field accounts for 53 ± 4% of the observed turbulent magnetic energy with a median field strength of 305 ± 15 μG, while small-scale turbulent magnetic fields account for the remaining 40 ± 5% with a median field strength of 222 ± 19 μG. We estimate that the turbulent kinetic and turbulent magnetic energies are in close equipartition up to ∼2 kpc (measured), while the turbulent kinetic energy dominates at ∼7 kpc (extrapolated). We conclude that the fields are frozen into the ionized outflowing medium and driven away kinetically. The magnetic field lines in the galactic wind of M82 are open, providing a direct channel between the starburst core and the IGM. Our novel approach offers the tools needed to quantify the effects of outflows on galactic magnetic fields as well as their influence on the IGM and evolution of energetic particles.
A Three-dimensional Map of the Heliosphere from IBEX
Authors: Reisenfeld Daniel B. , Bzowski Maciej , Funsten Herbert O. , Heerikhuisen Jacob , Janzen Paul H. , Kubiak Marzena A. , McComas David J. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Sokół Justyna M. , Zimorino Alex , Zirnstein Eric J.
Published: June 2021

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission has shown that variations in the energetic neutral atom (ENA) flux from the outer heliosphere are associated with the solar cycle and longer-term variations in the solar wind (SW). In particular, there is a good correlation between the dynamic pressure of the outbound SW and variations in the later-observed IBEX ENA flux. The time difference between observations of the outbound SW and the heliospheric ENAs with which they correlate ranges from approximately 2 to 6 yr or more, depending on ENA energy and look direction. This time difference can be used as a means of “sounding” the heliosheath, that is, finding the average distance to the ENA source region in a particular direction. We apply this method to build a 3D map of the heliosphere. We use IBEX ENA data collected over a complete solar cycle, from 2009 through 2019, corrected for survival probability to the inner heliosphere. Here we divide the data into 56 “macropixels” covering the entire sky. As each point in the sky is sampled once every 6 months, this gives us a time series of 22 points macropixel–1 on which to time-correlate. Consistent with prior studies and heliospheric models, we find that the shortest distance to the heliopause, d
HP, is slightly south of the nose direction (d
HP ∼ 110–120 au), with a flaring toward the flanks and poles (d
HP ∼ 160–180 au). The heliosphere extends at least ∼350 au tailward, which is the distance limit of the technique.
Evolution of the Galaxy Merger Fraction in the CLAUDS+HSC-SSP Deep Fields
Authors: Thibert Nathalie , Sawicki Marcin , Goulding Andy , Arnouts Stéphane , Coupon Jean , Gwyn Stephen
Published: June 2021

We estimate the evolution of the galaxy–galaxy merger fraction for M
⋆ > 1010.5
M
⊙ galaxies over 0.25 < z < 1 in the ∼18.6 deg2 deep CLAUDS+HSC-SSP surveys. We do this by training a Random Forest Classifier to identify merger candidates from a host of parametric morphological features, and then visually follow-up likely merger candidates to reach a high-purity, high-completeness merger sample. Correcting for redshift-dependent detection bias, we find that the merger fraction at z = 0 is 1.0% ± 0.2%, that the merger fraction evolves as (1 + z)2.3 ± 0.4, and that a typical massive galaxy has undergone ∼0.3 major mergers since z = 1. This pilot study illustrates the power of very deep ground-based imaging surveys combined with machine learning to detect and study mergers through the presence of faint, low surface brightness merger features out to at least z ∼ 1.
Morphometric sexual maturity and allometric growth of the crab Sesarma rectum Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Sesarmidae) in an impacted tropical mangrove in northeast Brazil
Authors: Bezerra Ribeiro Felipe , Matthews Cascon Helena , Arruda Bezerra Luis Ernesto
Published: June 2021

The size at sexual maturity and the allometric growth of the semi-terrestrial crab Sesarma rectum were studied in an impacted tropical mangrove in northeast Brazil. Crabs were monthly collected during spring low-tide periods, from October 2009 through September 2010. A catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) technique was used to sample the crab population, with two-hour sampling periods, by two people. A total of 492 crabs were obtained, being 262 males and 230 females. The specimens were measured at carapace width (CW), the left and right propodus length and height (RPL, RPH, LPL and LPH), and the gonopod length of males (GL), and abdomen width (AW) of females. In males, the inflection point was at 27.14 mm CW in the relationship between CW and the length of right propodus (LRP), considering the morphological size at the onset of maturity. Based on the relationship between CW and AW, the size at sexual maturity in females was 22.97 mm. In spite of living in an impacted area, this population attained the maturity onset at a bigger size than other localities.
Microzooplankton grazing rate in Ensenada of La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
Authors: Esqueda-Escárcega Gabriela María , Hernández-Trujillo Sergio , Aceves-Medina Gerardo , Futema-Jiménez Sonia , Hernández-Alfonso José Reyes
Published: June 2021

Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates in situ, were studied in a fixed sampling station from October 2007 to August 2008, at the Ensenada de La Paz, Mexico, using the dilution method. The apparent growth rate of phytoplankton was higher in December (1.33 d-1) and lower in October (0.35 d-1). The grazing rate was highest in April (0.86 d-1) and minimum in February and August (0.38 d-1). Grazing pressure, measured as the percentage of potential production removed (% PPR) varied between 28 and 76%. The relationship between phytoplankton growth and grazing rate indicates that chlorophyll-a production is consumed by approximately 50%, involving other processes that cause mortality of phytoplankton, as sedimentation rate and mesozooplankton grazing. The finding of moderate grazing in autumn and a clear growth and consumption in the winter are features that require monitoring in larger temporal and spatial scales.