bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Bath Deposition of Pollen Grain‐Like NiS/CoS Heterostructure for Supercapattery With High Areal Capacity
Authors: Selvanathan Vidhya , Rokonuzzaman Md. , Razali Syaza Amira , Chelvanathan Puvaneswaran , Islam Md. Ariful , Su’ait Mohd Sukor , Akhtaruzzaman Md. , Kiong Tiong Sieh
Published: February 2025

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a facile technique to coat the substrate with a thin and uniform coating of material with unique morphology. Herein, the CBD method was adopted to fabricate nickel sulfide/cobalt sulfide (NiS/CoS) electrodes for supercapattery application. The NiS/CoS electrodes were fabricated at different deposition times to study the evolution of material morphology with respect to time. Deposition time is a crucial factor in regulating the growth kinetics of the active material to attain the desired morphology for energy storage applications. XRD and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis verified the growth of NiS/CoS nanostructures on the nickel foam (NF) surface. Based on field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrographs, it was evident that the deposition time of 2.5 h was ideal for maximum coverage of material with spherical thread‐like morphology resembling the pollen grains. Correlatedly, the NiS/CoS‐2.5 electrode showed the highest specific capacity of 2.60 C cm−2 at 2.0 mA cm−2 current density. The optimized electrode was coupled with activated carbon (AC) to fabricate NiS/CoS‐2.5//PVA + KOH//AC supercapattery, which sustained 90% of the initial capacity after 2000 continuous cycles at 4.0 mA cm−2. This study portrays the prospects of CBD as a simple yet reliable approach to developing electrodes with good specific capacity for supercapattery application.
Finite‐Time Consensus Pinning Control Method for Multiple Inverters–Paralleled Photovoltaic Microgrid
Authors: Ma Xiping , Liang Chen , Dong Xiaoyang , Li Yaxin
Published: February 2025

Multiple inverters–paralleled photovoltaic microgrid is a typical cyber‐physical system with varying line impedances and unsynchronized nodes that result in unbalanced power sharing and are prone to cause circulating current. Therefore, a complex network based on a finite‐time consensus pinning control method for microgrids is proposed in this paper. First, the distributed generators are regarded as agent nodes, and a small‐world network model is established based on complex network theory. To overcome the subjectivity of relying on expert experience to select pinning nodes in previous pinning control methods, a selection algorithm that uses only nodes with large out‐degree as pinning nodes is proposed to reduce the communication bandwidth requirement of the system. Second, the finite‐time consensus algorithm and the pinning control method are integrated to form a finite‐time consensus pinning control method. By introducing voltage and frequency correction in the primary control layer, the finite time consensus pinning control method is applied to design distributed secondary controllers. The finite‐time stability of the system is analyzed through Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, a hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation platform is built in StarSim HIL. Compared to the traditional finite‐time control method, the proposed method can reduce the peak deviation of nodes by at least 7.7%. The experimental results validate that the proposed method can realize the accurate sharing of active and reactive power in finite time, and the dynamic response speed of the system is significantly improved, with good robustness.
Hybrid Modified Particle Swarm Optimization and Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System for Electric Power Consumption Prediction
Authors: Mossie Molla Addisu , Sharew Estifanos Abeje , Workineh Tewodros Gera , Alemu Yechale Amogne
Published: February 2025

Load forecasting is crucial in power system energy management, aiding planning and operations. The latest modified forecasting methods are important for best prediction of the electric power consumption of the load which nowadays are not practically implemented. As a result, hybrid modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO)–adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is applied in this work to predict the electric power consumption of the case study area. This research also focuses on using artificial neural network (ANN), ANFIS, and MPSO‐ANFIS to model Hossana City’s power consumption in Ethiopia, forecasting beyond available data for the next decade. Addressing the challenges of complex and widely distributed power systems, the study incorporates demographic factors. The performance evaluations show MPSO‐ANFIS found as the superior model, achieving a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.2% and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.87, due to MPSO. This model also boosts a high R2 value of 0.97. The model demonstrates effective load forecasting based on previous data training, promising reliable future predictions. So, the hybrid MPSO‐ANFIS is recommended for electric power consumption prediction.
Research Progress on Detection of Apple Watercore Based on Visible and Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Tao , Sun Qingshen
Published: February 2025

Apples are one of the most widely produced fruits globally, recognized for their crisp texture, juiciness, and nutritional value. Apples affected by watercore are particularly favored by consumers for their high sugar content and unique flavor. However, during prolonged storage, watercore apples often experience metabolic disorders, making it necessary to develop a rapid, high‐throughput, and effective nondestructive testing method to monitor this condition. Near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained extensive application in apple quality assessment due to its speed, low cost, and ability to measure multiple indices simultaneously. This paper reviews physiological diseases affecting apples, particularly watercore, and discusses various nondestructive testing methods. It emphasizes the current application of visible/near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy in detecting watercore in apples. Additionally, this paper addresses the challenges and prospects of using Vis/NIR spectroscopy for watercore detection. This review is aimed at providing insights into more effective ways to manage physiological changes in apples, such as watercore.
Dynamics of Leptospirosis Transmission Within Urban Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Populations in Densely Populated French Areas: Implications for Public Health
Authors: Soro Sionfoungo , Groud Karine , Fafournoux Ambre , Monchatre-Leroy Elodie , Kodjo Angeli , Lefebvre Sébastien , Chatron Nolan , Lattard Virginie
Published: February 2025

Leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, represents a major public health challenge. It is caused by the spirochete Leptospira, whose main reservoir in urban environments is the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). Understanding the transmission dynamics of this disease within a rat population is essential for controlling the risk of human infection. In this study, an original capture method was used to analyze variations in carriage and bacterial load according to age in two distinct populations of brown rats, to provide a better understanding of the transmission routes of Leptospira within a population. A total of 508 rats were captured from all age categories, from newborns to very young rats (representing 18% of the animals) to very old rats (representing 21% of the animals). The overall prevalence of leptospirosis was between 30% and 50%, depending on the population. A single strain was identified in both studied populations: Leptospira interrogans belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar. Surprisingly, in both populations, our study reveals a sudden change in the prevalence at 300/400g, jumping from 20 to 30% to over 75%. Moreover, none of the 98 fetuses collected from 13 pregnant females infected with Leptospira was detected as infected. This sudden change and the absence of infected fetus demonstrate the major role of horizontal transmission in the dynamics of leptospirosis infections and minimize the importance of vertical transmission.
Adjunctive active vitamin D (AVD) decreases kidney function during treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with extended-release calcifediol (ERC) in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD)
Authors: Ashfaq Akhtar , Choe John , Strugnell Stephen A. , Patel Nilay , Sprague Stuart M. , Norris Keith C. , Lerma Edgar , Petkovich P. Martin , Bishop Charles W.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Sustained 30% reductions of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) with ERC are associated with slower decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in ND-CKD patients with SHPT. Such iPTH reductions usually require elevation of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to ≥50 ng/mL, but achieving these reductions can be limited by the ERC dose ceiling (60 μg/day), raising the question of whether adjunctive (adj) AVD might be appropriate to further reduce iPTH.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined whether adj AVD could safely increase iPTH reductions achieved with ERC and further reduce the rate of eGFR decline in 78 ND-CKD adults treated with ERC for 38 weeks. Participants had mean age of 66 years, body mass index of 35 kg/m2, 41% were female, 63% White, 36% Black, 19% Hispanic. At ERC initiation, participants had plasma iPTH 85-<500 pg/mL, eGFR 15-<60 mL/min/1.73 m2, serum 25D 10-<30 ng/mL, corrected serum calcium (Ca) 8.4-<9.8 mg/dL, serum phosphorus (P) 2.0-<5.0 mg/dL, and absence of macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g creatinine). At baseline (BL; week 38), participants had plasma iPTH >70 pg/mL and serum Ca <9.8 mg/dL and were randomized 3:1:1:1 to daily ERC (60 μg) for 14 additional weeks with (n=40) or without (n=38) adj daily oral calcitriol (0.25 μg), doxercalciferol (0.5 μg) or paricalcitol (1.0 μg). Measurements of eGFR, iPTH, 25D, Ca, P and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were obtained at BL and through end of treatment (EOT).

Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed at BL. Mean 25D at BL was 65 ng/mL and rose 14 ng/mL by EOT in both groups (p<0.001). Mean BL iPTH was 137 pg/mL and fell by a further 35.4% (p<0.001) with adj AVD therapy versus 2.2% without. Mean Ca, P and FGF23 increased with adj AVD by 0.40 mg/dL (p<0.001), 0.27 mg/dL (p<0.01) and 49.1 pg/mL (155%; p<0.001), respectively, but remained unchanged with ERC alone. Mean BL eGFR was 25.4 mL/min/1.73m2 and fell by 11.8% (p<0.05) with adj AVD versus 3.0% without.

Conclusion: Adj AVD at these doses enabled 35% more iPTH reduction in ND-CKD patients with mild to moderate SHPT on long-term ERC treatment but increased mean serum Ca and P by 0.40 and 0.27 mg/dL, respectively, FGF23 by more than 2-fold and eGFR decline by 4-fold, suggesting that adding AVD to ERC has untoward effects that override the nephrosparing impact of iPTH reductions with ERC treatment alone. Corroboration is warranted with a larger, longer RCT.
Semillas y raíces: un lugar donde converge el trabajo social, la emancipación y la educación popular.
Authors: Castañeda Castañeda Mariana , Martin Marin Francy Daniela
Published: February 2025

Este artículo pretende articular saberes filosóficos al trabajo social, vinculándolo con la fundación “Semillas y raíces” ubicada en la comuna 4 (Altos de Cazucá) del municipio de Soacha. Entendiendo los procesos comunitarios que se realizan en la institución como emancipatorios desde los factores políticos y estéticos; viendo lo político desde la participación y visibilización en otros espacios, y lo estético desde la transformación de espacios y estructuras que hacen desde lo artístico, también generando una nueva forma de ver el mundo a través de una nueva repartición de lo sensible. Teniendo en cuenta que se basa en la educación popular; ya que, se construye un lugar de encuentro diferente para el aprendizaje y la enseñanza, enfocados en la construcción de las corporeidades de los NNA (niñas, niños y adolescentes) pertenecientes a la fundación.
What do Universities Showcase Digitally? Epistemological-methodological Issues and the Role of Higher Educational Institutions in the 21st Century
Authors: Bäcklund Johan , Bagga-Gupta Sangeeta
Published: February 2025

The study presented in this paper aims to map and illuminate theoretical, methodological, and thematic areas that mark the existing scholarship related to the digital presence of higher education, mainly through universities own websites. 118 articles were identified for further in-depth analysis based on an overarching first-level analysis of over 700 articles through systematic searches in early 2023. Data-sessions across three primary analysis phases enabled understanding the benefits and conundrums of using ai (Rayyan) in (n)ethnographic analysis work where the data constitutes of existing scholarship. Our analytical-methodological points of departure for carrying out this study build on a Second Wave of Southern Perspectives (SWaSP) framing that brings together (i) sociocultural, dialogical perspectives on learning and communication and (ii) decolonial, alternative framings on communication and identity. Results of the digital communication by educational institutions through their websites highlights a paucity of engagement with or a lack of explication regarding theoretical framings in the existing scholarship and an alignment with a “market turn”. Other findings highlight that the existing scholarship needs to connect more clearly with global-centric perspectives, not least to attend to contemporary challenges.
Is There an ‘Equalizing Tendency’ in Temporal Bisection in Humans?
Authors: Wearden John H. , Bajic Kelly , Brooks Joanna
Published: February 2025

Three experiments tested the conjecture that people carrying out a temporal bisection experiment have an ‘equalizing tendency’, that is, the idea that they are motivated to try to equalize the number of SHORT and LONG responses they produce. All three experiments varied instructions between two conditions. In one case, people were instructed to try to equalize, in the other it was emphasized that any proportion of SHORT and LONG responses was acceptable. Experiment 1 used short and long standards of 200 and 800 ms with comparisons spaced linearly, logarithmically, or reverse logarithmically between them, in three different groups. No effect of instructions was found in any group. Experiment 2 once again used 200 and 800 ms as the standards but had a range of comparisons closely spaced around the midpoint (500 ms), so most were ambiguous with respect to the standards. Again, no effect of instructions was found. Experiment 3 used smaller long/short ratios (300/200 ms or 800/533 ms). Once again, no effect of instructions was found. The three experiments together also replicated some previously obtained effects such as those of stimulus spacing and long/short ratio.
Stand Density Influences Pulpwood Yield, Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration in Semiarid Melia dubia cav. Plantation
Authors: Jayakumar Kuppusamy , Prasath Vazram , Sudhakar Perumal , Chezhian Palanisamy , Stalin Thangavel , Rajesh Ramasamy
Published: February 2025

Melia dubia is one of the promising farm forestry tree species in semiarid regions to provide raw materials for industries and to restore the soil fertility, besides contributing to regional carbon budget. An optimal stand density will result in higher pulpwood productivity and ecological restoration. This study aimed to optimize the stand density of Melia dubia plantation in a semiarid region by studying four stand densities, viz., 4444 trees ha-1, 2500 trees ha-1, 2000 trees ha-1, and 2222 trees ha-1, for obtaining higher pulpwood yield and to find their effect on soil fertility. Pulpwood yield in all the stand densities was measured in 3 year old plantations. Physico-chemical properties and available nutrients of the post-harvest soils were compared to the initial status. Carbon sequestration was estimated by the addition of C stocks in the biomass, litter and soil. Results showed that a significantly highest pulpwood yield was obtained with 2222 trees ha-1 (P ˂ 0.05), while the highest carbon sequestration was recorded with 4444 trees ha-1. The nutrient content the post-harvest soil was found to increase compared to the initial stage in all the stand densities. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between stand density and soil parameters like EC, SOC, nutrient contents, and exchangeable cations (P ˂ 0.05). This study concluded that a stand density of 2222 trees ha-1 is optimal for obtaining significantly higher pulpwood yield with Melia dubia plantations (P ˂ 0.05), besides improving soil fertility and carbon sequestration in semiarid regions.
Simulation and Testing of Autonomous Cybersecurity Systems: Methodologies for Simulating Cyber-Attacks in Space to Test Effectiveness and Human Interactions
Authors: Tasdighi Anahita
Published: February 2025

The complexities of modern space missions have intensified the critical need for robust cybersecurity frameworks, particularly as operations become increasingly reliant on autonomous systems to safeguard against an ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the methodologies for simulating cyber-attack scenarios within the unique constraints of space environments, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of autonomous cybersecurity systems (ACS) and human-machine collaboration under stress. Space environments pose unparalleled challenges, such as communication latency, limited bandwidth, and the high stakes of mission-critical operations, which require innovative approaches to cybersecurity. Our research introduces a multi-layered simulation framework that integrates advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies to model and assess attack vectors including malware infiltration, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and insider threats. Real-world mission data informs the design principles, ensuring high fidelity and operational relevance, while scalability and adaptability are prioritized to accommodate a range of mission profiles and evolving adversarial tactics. This work also explores the critical role of human operators within autonomous defense systems, analyzing cognitive load, decision-making processes, and the interplay of trust in automation during high-pressure scenarios. By employing rigorous testing protocols and diverse metrics, including system detection rates, response times, and human interaction efficiency, the findings illuminate both the strengths and limitations of current ACS technologies. The study highlights the necessity for dynamic, modular architectures capable of adapting to new threats and mission requirements, as well as user-centered interface designs that mitigate cognitive overload. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of iterative testing and continuous refinement in aligning ACS capabilities with the unique demands of space operations. This research contributes a foundational framework for advancing cybersecurity resilience in space, offering valuable insights for practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders in an era of unprecedented digital inter connectivity and autonomous system dependency.
Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) as a Strategic Information Dissemination and Therapeutic for Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Rabiu Aliyu
Published: February 2025

This research investigated the potential of SDI to meet the information needs of impoverished communities and evaluate its impact on enhancing resource access and fostering socioeconomic development through carefully formulated three research objectives and questions. The study also examines the role of librarians in tailoring SDI services to poverty-stricken groups, including strategies for effective survey design and profile creation. The study adopted survey research design, with purposively sampled 300 respondents in selected locations in Lokoja, Okene, Kabba-Bunu and Dekina Local Governments of Kogi State, Nigeria. The study was carried out with structured questionnaire as the data collection instrument, after it was validated by experts. For the data analysis, the research adopted mean rating of 2.5 as acceptable minimum level. Findings reveal strong agreement that SDI initiatives, when tailored and accessible, can improve digital literacy and foster civic engagement, positively influencing community development. Effective survey methods, training, and regularly updated user profiles are considered crucial for aligning SDI services with community needs. Collaborations with local organizations and accessible language in outreach materials are deemed essential to SDI’s inclusivity and reach. The implication of the study is that the study was able to established that SDI has a positive perceived impact on impoverished communities.
Gravitational Waves and Gravitational Lensing According to Particle Based Gravity
Authors: Hulscher Willem
Published: February 2025

This paper builds on the discovery that the Newtonian constant G is not a universal constant of nature, but rather increases in the vicinity of a mass. As measured at the Earth surface the variation is very small and applies over a limited distance, though in galactic systems the variation of G can be large and can apply over long distances. The variability of G is generally obscured by incorrect spectral shift measurements of the rotation speed of stars around the center of gravity. For the case of the Milky Way this was clearly shown by data based on the third Gaia satellite data release. Correction of the measurements by gravitational spectrum shift has led to a new interpretation of galactic rotation curves without the need to introduce dark matter in the galactic system. The reason why G can and does vary is studied in the current paper. A possible mechanism is provided by a modified particle based theory of gravity, which is compatible with the general theory of gravity. By applying geometry to the paths of the particles it is analyzed whether this theory can explain the increase of G in the vicinity of a mass. In the same way it is studied whether this theory can accommodate the detection of gravitational waves and the principle of gravitational lensing. The analyses make use of the basic features of particle based gravity only, and do not need any ad-hoc assumptions.
Tokenising Trade Finance, Public Procurement and Employee Compensation
Authors: Walters Robert , Paynter Andrew
Published: February 2025

The token economy is taking shape and has the ability to totally transform the financial and banking sectors. However, tokens are not new and can be traced back more than a century. This paper identifies what tokens are emerging, the technology that supports them, and the international transactions costs they derive when compare with conventional banks. The paper compares the current day licensing framework of Australia, European Union, United Kingdom and the United States. It demonstrates how the current licensing frameworks for these jurisdictions is far from being settled, and is going through a significant shift politically and governments embrace tokens. If fully realized, tokens will transform the existing way in which payments, settlements and clearing is undertaken. Tokenization of the financial sector alone offers the potential opportunity for significant gains in reducing transactions costs and time. However, as with anything undertaken over the Internet, there are risks associated with cybersecurity. The paper further demonstrates that the estimated contribution token will provide the overall international economy for tokenizing trade finance, public procurement and employment compensation, will be significant. It is expected to add an enormous amount of wealth to nation states. Yet, the paper concludes that there is more work required, and urgent research is needed to fully understand the economic impact of tokens.
Cure Models with Modified Log-Logistic Distribution: An Application to Oncology Studies
Authors: Murungi Kelvin , Mwalili Samuel , Mungatu Joseph
Published: February 2025

The log-logistic distribution has been widely used in survival analysis, particularly in modeling survival times and event data in healthcare and biological studies. This study investigates the parameter estimation of the Log-Logistic Tangent (LLT) distribution using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), focusing on the consistency, bias, and precision of the estimated parameters. The simulation study results reveal that the estimated values of the parameters α and β deviate from their true values, indicating some bias in the estimation process. The mean values of the estimated parameters are found to be 0.623 for α and 1.433 for β, with respective standard deviations of 0.072 and 0.147, highlighting the variability across iterations. Further analysis of the asymptotic properties of the LLT model shows that the parameter estimates converge to stable values as sample size increases, demonstrating consistency in the estimation process. Additionally, asymptotic normality is confirmed through the calculation of the observed Fisher information matrix and derived standard errors. The LLT model was successfully applied to real-life data, yielding survival probability estimates, which were further validated through statistical testing. The study concludes that while the LLT model is effective in capturing survival patterns, improvements can be made to reduce bias, refine optimization techniques, and explore alternative estimation methods. Recommendations for future research include expanding the model to handle covariates and time-varying effects, thereby enhancing its applicability in diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, and engineering.
Analysis of Maternal Deaths Occurring in Tambacounda Region (Senegal) During 2023
Authors: Diop El , Faye Modou , Cisse Bayal , Ndiaye Abdoul , Dog Adélaïde , Ba Khadyjatou
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a significant public health challenge in developing countries like Senegal, particularly in the Southeast regions. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical profile of maternal deaths recorded in the Tambacounda region during the year 2023. Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive study. Data were collected using Excel 2007 and pertained to sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric histories, clinical parameters, paraclinical data, and outcomes. The analysis was performed using R software version 4.4.1. Results: In 2023, a total of 115 maternal deaths were recorded, equivalent to 284 deaths per 100,000 live births. Among these deaths, 113 were analyzed, with 61.1% occurring in the regional hospital. The age group most affected was 20-24 years, representing 31.1% of cases, and 30.1% of the women were primigravida. Approximately 27.4% of women did not receive prenatal care, 42.5% did not undergo biological assessments, and 43.4% did not have ultrasounds. While 43.4% did not have a partogram, 30.1% of the women had not given birth at the time of death, which occurred during the second trimester in 38.9% of cases, followed by the third trimester at 30.7%. Preeclampsia/eclampsia was the leading cause of death, accounting for 19.5%. Deaths were deemed avoidable in 28.3% of cases, but a large proportion (69.9%) was not assessed. Conclusion: This study reveals a high maternal mortality rate (284 deaths per 100,000 live births) in the Tambacounda region, especially among women aged 20 to 24 years (31.1%) and primigravida (30.1%), with deficiencies in prenatal care and examinations. The early detection and referral of pregnant women with gynecological-obstetric morbidity factors must be strengthened.
Intra-Agency Coordination Practices on Performance of National Police Service in Kenya
Authors: Awino Peter , Guyo Wario , Moronge Makori
Published: February 2025

This study explores the influence of intra-agency coordination practices on the performance of the National Police Service (NPS) in Kenya. Focusing on key factors such as administrative decisions, deployment and transfers, leadership and accountability, and the hierarchical structure within the agency, the research aims to identify how these elements impact operational efficiency. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed to NPS officers, with 342 valid responses, yielding a robust response rate of 89%. The findings reveal that delays and lack of clarity in deployment decisions, along with disruptive transfers, negatively affect coordination during joint operations. Furthermore, leadership at various levels plays a critical role in promoting effective coordination, though mixed responses regarding accountability indicate inconsistencies in the enforcement of coordination practices. The hierarchical structure of the NPS, while ensuring clear command lines, also contributes to delays and communication breakdowns across multiple levels. Statistical analysis confirmed the reliability and validity of the data, with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.85 and an R-squared value of 0.58, indicating a strong relationship between intra-agency coordination and NPS performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends improving communication, leadership training, and optimizing the hierarchical structure to enhance coordination and operational effectiveness. These improvements are essential for the NPS to effectively address security challenges and enhance public safety in Kenya. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of organizational coordination within security agencies and offers practical recommendations for improving the performance of the NPS.
Discerning Ethnicity, Religion and Politics as Instruments of Social Relegation: The Northern Nigerian Philosophy on the Babu Group
Authors: Luka Reuben
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the role of ethnicity, religion and politics as instruments of social relegation, with specific emphasis on the Babu people of Nigeria amidst an extant Northern philosophy. In order to thoroughly explore the concern of the study, the paper employs a descriptive—historical methodology to evaluate the Northern Mafias’ religious bigotry and exclusive treatment of the Babu group. Several variables were researched to buttress the argument that Religion has been the bane of social relegation in Nigeria, particularly in light of the Northern quest to relegate other groups, specifically non-Hausa/Fulani; non-Muslim groups into modern day slaves. To this end, the study contends that this legacy, launched by Othman Dan Fadio, has been the major cause of the oppression of the non-Muslims in Nigeria, particularly those of Northern Nigeria. In consequence, the study demonstrates how the Hausa/Fulani, Muslims have consistently marshalled the philosophy of divide and rule to place themselves at a cutting edge while the Babu group have been at the receiving end politically, socially, economically and religioulsy. Against this background, the paper argues that the church being the agent of transformation has a critical role in halting the usage of ethnicity, politics and religion over the autochthonous nationalities in the context of Nigeria’s socio-political and socio-economic situations. While the paper addresses the question, in what important ways can the church in Northern Nigeria halt the wrong usage of these ideologies, it contributes to the field of religion, sociology, economy and politics, demonstrating that in the context of Northern Nigeria, religion, ethnicity and politics have been employed to marginalized the Babu group, thereby, placing them at a disadvantage position socially, economically and politically.
Contemporary Theological Relevance of the Incarnation: Addressing Human Suffering in the Nigerian Context
Authors: Gofwan David
Published: February 2025

Nigeria is confronted with profound challenges related to human suffering, primarily driven by poverty, insecurity, corruption, and systemic inequality. These pressing issues raise significant theological and practical questions, especially concerning the capacity of Christian doctrines, such as the Incarnation, to engage with these harsh realities. This research investigates the contemporary theological significance of the Incarnation—the belief in God becoming human through Jesus Christ—as a means to comprehend and respond to human suffering within the Nigerian context. The main aim is to analyze how the Incarnation can foster hope, solidarity, and transformative initiatives to tackle Nigeria's socio-economic and political difficulties. Employing a theological and contextual approach, the study incorporates scriptural interpretation, doctrinal analysis, and socio-political examination. It also draws on insights from related disciplines, including sociology and political science, to provide a well-rounded perspective on the issues at hand. The findings indicate that the Incarnation demonstrate God's solidarity with human suffering, encourages compassionate involvement, and strengthens advocacy for justice. Additionally, it illustrates how the Nigerian church can embody the tenets of the Incarnation by engaging in holistic ministry, promoting reconciliation, and addressing systemic challenges through social advocacy. This research enhances understanding by presenting the Incarnation as a dual source of hope and a practical model for engagement, offering both theological and actionable insights aimed at alleviating suffering and fostering transformation in Nigeria
The Man Subject as a Component of a Person: Concept, Function, Contents, Types and Faculties
Authors: Rêgo Amâncio
Published: February 2025

This article philosophically describes the Human Organism and the Man Subject. The general objective of this study was to philosophically analyze the Human Organism. The specific objectives were to identify the components of the Human Organism, to conceptualize the Man Subject, to differentiate the Man Subject from other elements of the Human Organism, to distinguish the Contents of the Man Subject from each other, to classify the Man Subject and to explain the faculties of the Man Subject that most affect their Serenity. The main materials used were the own Author of this article, the Bible and the Bhagavad-Gita, a video of Siamese twins, and two sons of the Author of this article. The methods used were Introspection with the practice of Attention, Bibliographical and Documentary research, Observation and simple Experimentation; each method used was accompanied by profound Reflections. The article contributes with a new vision about the components of the Human Organism, the concept of Man as a Subject, the Consciousness and the Mind, and explains the faculties of Man that most affect their Serenity. The Human Organism is formed by five elements, namely, Life, Man Subject, Consciousness, Mind and Body. The Life is the component of the Human Organism with the nature of an uninfluenceable Conscious-Intelligent Matrix that intuitively guides the Subject and administrates the Body. The Man Subject is the component of the Human Organism with the nature of an influenceable Conscious-Intelligent Matrix that manages the Contents and phenomena of the Organism according to guidelines from Life and or sources other than Life carrying out voluntary actions. The Consciousness is the set of Information of intuitive and or acculturative origin impregnated in the own Subject that establishes their pattern of innate tendencies and affective character. The Mind is the set of Information of reflective and or merely acculturative origin recorded and fluent in the Brain of the Subject's Body corresponding to the pattern of neuron connection and the flow of nerve impulses in the Brain that establish the Subject's daily behavior. The Body is the standardized set of materialized genetic information of hereditary origin that enables the visibility of the manifestation of the Life and the Subject. The frequent practice of the Think promotes attachment and causes Anxiety, however, the frequent practice of the Attention promotes detachment and causes Serenity.
Growth Performance of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Enhanced by Watering Intervals and Application of Organic Manure
Authors: Sanyang Saikou , Demba Samuel , Njie Ebrima
Published: February 2025

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the high-value vegetable crops grown in the world because of its yield, and nutritional benefits to the consumers. Eggplant grows on different soils of sandy loams and clay loams. In agronomy water is an essential element for plant growth and maintenance of tissues and organs. Eggplant requires less water and the importance of water management is to enhance water stress of plant growth and to maintain turgidity and flaccidity of tissues while organic application improves on yield and self-life of produce. The field experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of 4 replicates. Treatment/replicates has twenty-four 24 beds with a total number of ninety-six (96) beds. The research objective was to determine the levels watering intervals on plant height, fruit number, stem diameter, fruit weight and yield. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to determine the significant differences among treatments. The result in Table 1 shows plant height of 18.3, 21.0, 31.6, and 23.4 cm respectively. The data analysis shows that, number of fruit diameter registered was in T4 of 35 cm followed by T3 of 25 cm while in T1 the fruit diameter was 20.0 cm. The results in Table 2 indicates that, water application at intervals of 3 days obtained the highest mean values of 6.0a and fruit diameter of 2.5b. In conclusion, the study reveals that, watering at intervals of 3 days was the best agronomic practices in obtaining maximum crop physiology and better yields. Thus, recommending more research work on watering intervals of eggplants varieties.
Impact of Investment in Financial Services on Financial Inclusion in Iringa Hope Joint SACCOS in Southern Highland Zone of Tanzania
Authors: Ugulumu Enock , Nyankweli Emmanuel , Lyanga Timothy
Published: February 2025

The overall objective of this study was to examine the impacts of savings and credit practices and how they affect borrower's investment decisions in affordable, faster, secure, transparent, and convenient financial services manner in Iringa hope joint SACCOS in Southern Highland zone of Iringa, Kilolo, Mufindi District in Iringa region and Wanging’ombe District in Njombe Region. Using surveyed data of a sample of 370 individual members from the study area, the study employed multiple regression model and descriptive statistics. The study findings revealed that most of the SACCOs members were eager to join financial services as an opportunity for the present and future investment and continue with services to benefit from financial products at an increasing rate due to strongly affordable, faster, secure, transparent, and convenient financial services. It also revealed that financial inclusion had a direct and significant impact on economic development of marginalized people. Furthermore, IHJS members were in favor of utilizing mobile money technology in possibility of enhancing more being included in financial sector in order to accelerate investment opportunities, hence financial inclusion is affected positively. Women are engaged in financial sector hence being considered as an important in financial inclusions issues since women are engaged more in investment activities. Finally, the findings revealed that women have of being included in financial sector and use the fund to invest in different economic activities compared to men who are reluctant to run towards the opportunity.
Carcinomatous Degeneration of Crohn's Disease About a Case at G-Point CHU / Mali
Authors: Mamoudou Camara , Aminata Sakho , Toumin Camara , Abdoulaye Koné , Moussa Konaté , Youssouf Koné , Kassim Sidibé , Youlouza Coulibaly , Siaka Sidibé
Published: February 2025

Aim: The aim of this study is to report the computed tomography characteristics of the degeneration of Crohn's disease. Patient: We report the observation of an 18-year-old girl admitted to the internal medicine department of the CHU Point G for diffuse abdominal pain predominantly in the right iliac fossa with diarrhea that has progressed since childhood but poorly followed. In whom the abdominal CT scan and abdominopelvic ultrasound performed revealed irregular vascular thickening of the wall of the terminal ileum and the cecum. At the end of these examinations, the diagnostic hypothesis of atypical Crohn's disease was adopted. Histology of the transverse colon specimen showed fragments of mucosa with an edematous chorion and an inflammatory infiltrate of omental and gigantocellular granuloma. On the other hand, that of the part of the ileocecal region showed a persistence of mucosecretion and the presence of columnar cells with an oval nucleus not exceeding 3/4 of the height of the epithelium and a little marked polymorphism in connection with neoplasia. certain low grade intraepithelial colic. This examination confirmed the diagnosis of carcinomatous degeneration of ileo-caeco-colic Crohn's disease. The clinical course at 6 months was favorable. However, the irregular thickening of the wall of the terminal ileum and the cecum is similar to the CT scan. Conclusion: Degeneration of Crohn's disease is rare. Imaging is involved in all phases of Crohn's disease. She makes the initial diagnosis, she specifies the topographical assessment of the lesions, she guides the treatment, she draws up the extension assessment during an evolutionary outbreak and degeneration.
Dialectical Evolutionism and Historical Materialism: Placing Human Societies, and Cultures, in the Broader Context of Natural History
Authors: Crocchiolo Paolo
Published: February 2025

Present day humans are the result of a continuous evolutionary process, which is still underway (although imperceptibly since the last wave of Out of Africa migrations). Our physical traits, and both our “emotional” and “rational” mental features co-evolved, dialectically interacting with each other, and with the outer physical and social-cultural environment. In fact, H. sapiens is genetically preadapted to dialectically interact with the material and cultural contexts it is exposed to, contexts that on the other hand were, and are, increasingly created by mankind itself. Also, our species is the result of a “species sorting” mechanism, among a number of different, though closely related, hominid and hominin genera, species, and subspecies. At the time being, H. sapiens is the only surviving, and genetically very homogeneous, species of the genus Homo. There were blurred boundaries, however, between our species and our closely related species, especially H. neanderthal and H. denisova. Furthermore, we all evolved, physically and mentally, from our common ancestor species of the genera Australopithecus, Paranthropus, etc. Due to our profound biological roots, evolved physical traits, evolved individual and collective mind plasticity, and evolved social complexity still keep dialectically interacting with each other in an inextricable tangle. The point where Marxian historical dialectics grafts on, and merges with, Darwinian biological dialectics roughly coincides with the beginning of Holocene. In fact, there is no apparent solution of continuity between the historical timeframe of the last 10-12,000 years, and the previous period as, once reached the stage of extended consciousness, all material/social/cultural niches and mind plasticity-driven adaptations dialectically interacted with each other according to the principles of historical materialism.
Properties of Adobe Bricks Manufactured from Vertisol Reinforced with Brewer's Spent Grains: Case Study in Sudano Sahelian Region of Cameroon
Authors: Djaoyang Viviane , Kaoutoing Maxime , Kagonbé Bertin , Babé Colbert , Kola Bernard , Djongyang Noël
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of an investigation in establishing the physical and mechanical properties of brewer spent grain which have been used in the fabrication of Adobe. The earth block reinforced 2. 4. 6. 8 and 10 percent of brewer spent grain. The characteristics of raw material were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR analysis spectra show kaolinite, smectite and quartz. The clay materials are mainly composed of silica SiO2 and alumina Al2O3 and these two oxides. The blocks, after 21 days of curing were tested for density, water absorption, compressive strength, tensile strength, and erosion resistance. It was found that the brewer's spent grain content slightly improved the blocks’ density. The linear shrinkage decreases with brewer-spent grain additions from 0 - 10% allowing in 53%. The thermal conductivity decreases when the brewer spent grain the content of 60% is observed for the adobe containing 10 wt% brewer spent grain. The good compressive strength of the adobes incorporating brewer spent grain, their good resistance to water erosion and their low thermal conductivity shows that, these composites can be used in the building of individual habitats in the sub-Saharan zone.
Graph Entropy Based on Wiener Polarity Index Under Four Kinds of Graph Operations
Authors: Yang Chen , Li Chongmin
Published: February 2025

The Wiener polarity index of a graph G, is the number of unordered pairs of vertices that are at distance 3 in G. This index can reflect the specific distance relation between vertices in the graph, and provides a new way for the study of graph structure. In this paper, the graph entropy based on Wiener polarity index defined. Based on the above definition of graph entropy, it compares the graph entropy of path and balanced double star graphs based on Wiener polarity index. The expressions of graph entropy based on Wiener polarity index for trees with diameter d ≥ 3 are studied under four graph operations: tensor product, strong product, Cartesian product and composite graph.
Uncertainty Analysis of Hydrocarbon Estimation Using 3D Geological Model: A Case Study of the F3 Sandstone Reservoir, Ghadames Basin, Libya
Authors: Milad Muhend , Targhi Mohamed , Alosta Issa , Agi Augustine , Omar Najib
Published: February 2025

The Wafa oil and gas field, located in Libya's Ghadames Basin, has historically faced challenges in accurately characterizing its F3 Sandstone Reservoir due to limited structural and stratigraphic data, particularly in certain wells. This study addresses these gaps by employing a comprehensive 3D geological model to evaluate the reservoir's structural and petrophysical properties across five newly drilled wells. Utilizing Petrel software, geological and petrophysical models were developed, with porosity and water saturation values derived from well log data processed in Techlog software. Results reveal significant heterogeneity in reservoir properties, with porosity levels ranging from 12% to 17% in most wells, while well A12 exhibits negligible porosity due to lithological variations. Water saturation levels range from 30% to 45% in the northwest, increasing to 100% in the southern well A12. The structural model highlights the potential for oil trapping in the F3 reservoir, with distinct facies and petrophysical variations observed across the study area. Rock typing analysis further underscores the heterogeneity within the F3 members, with the northern region demonstrating favorable petrophysical characteristics and porosity, contrasting with the less promising southern region. This study provides critical insights into the geological and petrophysical properties of the F3 Sandstone Reservoir, offering valuable guidance for hydrocarbon exploration and production in the Ghadames Basin. The integration of 3D geological modeling and petrophysical analysis underscores the need for high-resolution seismic data to enhance reservoir characterization accuracy, thereby supporting informed decision-making for future exploration and development efforts.