bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow time history representation and reconstruction based on machine learning
Authors: Zhan Qingliang , Bai Chunjin , Ge Yaojun , Sun Xiannian
Published: August 2023

Based on deep learning technology, a new spatiotemporal flow data representation and reconstruction scheme is proposed by using flow time history (FTH) data instead of flow snapshots. First, the high-dimensional nonlinear flow system is reduced to a low-dimensional representation latent code using the FTH autoencoder model. Second, the mapping from physical space to latent code space is built using mathematical and machine-learning schemes. Finally, FTH at unavailable positions in physical space is generated by the FTH generator. The proposed scheme is validated by three case studies: (i) representing and recovering the FTH data of periodic laminar flow around a circular cylinder at Re = 200 and generating high-resolution laminar flow data; (ii) reconstructing complex FTH of flow past cylinder at Re = 3900 which including laminar and turbulent flow region and generating three-dimensional high-resolution turbulent flow data, respectively; (iii) representing and generating multi-variable turbulent flow data simultaneously using the multi-channel model. The results show that the proposed scheme is an effective low-dimensional representation for complex flow time variant features, which is suitable for both laminar and turbulent FTH data to generate spatiotemporal high-resolution FTH data in three-dimensional space.
Electric dipole flip in a quadrupolar molecule with broken symmetry upon excited state absorption
Authors: Ivanov Anatoly I.
Published: August 2023

The nature of the second excited state in a quadrupolar molecule of the A–D–A structure, where A and D are an electron acceptor and an electron donor, respectively, has been studied. The orthogonality condition of the wave functions requires that the direction of the molecular dipole moment arising due to the charge transfer symmetry breaking be opposite in the first and second excited states. The dipole moment flip leads to large reorganization energy of the solvent upon excited state absorption. The manifestations of dipole flip are discussed. The dependence of the energy gap on the solvent polarity is found. The symmetry breaking effect on the transition dipole moment suppression is calculated. The available experimental data confirm the main conclusions.
Simulation of a metal pellet spraying generator driven by micro-air pressure
Authors: Zhang Daicong , Guo Wei , Jing Chunhui , Yu Jilong , Xiao Yuan , Luo Jun , Qi Lehua
Published: August 2023

Molten metal droplet techniques are one of the important technologies for printing micro-metal parts. At present, the equipment developed for this technology faces some challenges, such as the requirement for a micro-oxygen environment during operation and a complicated manufacturing process. Consequently, a micro-air-pressure driven metal pellet spraying (MPS) 3D printing generator was designed and manufactured using the drop-on-demand technique, which uses simple and low-cost equipment in an atmospheric environment. A 2D axisymmetric model has been proposed to study the mechanism of droplet generation by using a micro-pneumatic MPS generator. In addition, a proprietary pneumatic MPS generator was also used to conduct droplet generation experiments. The validity of the proposed model was verified through the simulation results of the droplet pattern and droplet diameter, which were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The analysis shows that in the droplet injection forming process, surface tension is dominant for low viscosity liquids at a very small Ohnesorge number (Oh < 0.01). The surface tension was conducive to the maintenance of the molten form of the projectile. During droplet injection, the phenomenon of oblate–prolate oscillation occurs due to the non-uniform distribution of pressure inside the droplet. This phenomenon exerts an influence on the accuracy of the droplet flight trajectory and deposition position. This study serves as a good reference for selecting the suitable settings for producing metal droplets using the MPS generator.
Effect of coated sodium butyrate in diet on performance, gut microbiota, ileal digestibility, serum nutrient fractions, immune responses and bone mineral variables in broiler chicken fed antibiotic-free diet
Authors: Rama Rao Savaram V. , Mantena V. L. N. Raju , Paul Shyam Sunder , Devanaboyina Nagalakshmi , Thota Srilatha , Bhukya Prakash , Prakki Santosh Phani Kumar
Published: August 2023

Content Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are not recommended in broiler diets due to the possible threat of microbial resistance and residues in meat. Aim Two experiments were conducted to study the possibility of utilising coated sodium butyrate (CSB) as an alternative to AGP (500 g/t) in broiler (1–42 days) chicken diet. Method In Experiment 1, a positive control (PC with AGP), a negative control (NC, without AGP) and CSB diet (150 g/t), and in Experiment 2, four diets, i.e. PC, NC, and CSB at two concentrations (75 and 150 g/t) were prepared. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 10 floor pens (25 broilers) with built up litter as bedding material. Key results Bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were not affected, while feed efficiency (FE) at both Day 21 and Day 42 reduced in broilers fed the NC compared with those in the AGP-fed group (Experiment 1). Inclusion of CSB (150 g/t) improved the FE similar to the AGP group. In Experiment 2, BWG and FI were not affected, while FE improved in CSB groups compared with the AGP or NC. The colony count of E. coli and C. perfringes increased in the NC group compared with the AGP group and the count in CSB groups was similar to that in the AGP group. The ileal digestibility of nitrogen (CSB150 g) and energy (CSB75 and CSB150 g) and tibia variables (total ash and breaking strength) reduced in the NC group compared with the AGP groups and supplementation of CSB improved all these parameters similar to the AGP group. Conclusions On the basis of the data, it is concluded that CSB (75 or 150 g/t) can be used as an alternative to the AGP (bacitracin methylene disalysilate) in broiler chicken diet. The improvement in broiler performance with CSB in diet could be attributed to the increased ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, bone mineralisation and reduction in pathogenic bacterial count (E. coli and C. perfringes) in the gut. Implications Use of AGP in broiler diets can be avoided with inclusion of coated butyric acid, without affecting the broiler performance.
Convergent and divergent mechanisms of peroxisomal and mitochondrial division
Authors: Subramani Suresh , Shukla Nandini , Farre Jean-Claude
Published: August 2023

Organelle division and segregation are important in cellular homeostasis. Peroxisomes (POs) and mitochondria share a core division machinery and mechanism of membrane scission. The division of each organelle is interdependent not only on the other but also on other organelles, reflecting the dynamic communication between subcellular compartments, even as they coordinate the exchange of metabolites and signals. We highlight common and unique mechanisms involved in the fission of these organelles under the premise that much can be gleaned regarding the division of one organelle based on information available for the other.
A novel deep convolutional neural network and its application to fault diagnosis of the squirrel-cage asynchronous motor under noisy environment
Authors: Chen Lerui , Ma Yidan , Wang Haiquan , Wen Shengjun , Guo Lifen
Published: August 2023

The intelligent classification achieved through the utilization of deep learning networks, which possess the capability to automatically extract essential features from data, has garnered significant attention within the domain of fault diagnosis research. Nevertheless, within the industrial production process, the data collected inevitably suffers from noise contamination, thereby adversely affecting the network’s diagnostic results. To enhance the denoising prowess and mitigate the risks associated with overfitting in deep learning networks, this paper introduces the input gate structure of long short-term memory and an attention module into the convolutional neural network to propose a novel architecture known as the gate convolutional attention neural network (gate-CANN), which subsequently finds application in the domain of squirrel-cage asynchronous motor fault diagnosis. Firstly, the sensor-acquired time domain vibration undergo conversion into two-dimensional time–frequency images through the employment of continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Subsequently, the CWT images in two directions are put into gate-CANN for feature extraction, respectively. Finally, feature fusion and fault diagnosis are achieved in the end of network. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it undergoes verification using the fault diagnosis testbed specific to squirrel cage asynchronous motors. The obtained results demonstrate that, in comparison to alternative diagnostic methods, the proposed approach exhibits superior capabilities in terms of noise resistance and generalization.
A computationally efficient Kalman filter-based RAIM algorithm for aircraft navigation with GPS and NavIC
Authors: Bhattacharyya Susmita
Published: August 2023

Integrity monitoring with a Kalman filter (KF) has recently attracted significant attention. In this paper, a computationally efficient architecture of a KF-based receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm is discussed for aviation applications to ensure reliable operations of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It is built on the Schmidt KF navigation processor to model time-correlated measurement errors. Reasons for important design choices of the algorithm are clarified. Different strategies are adopted to efficiently include the contributions of past KF measurements in fault detection as well as protection level (PL) calculations. Module-wise most significant numerical complexity is also analyzed in detail. The algorithm performance is studied with simulated Global Positioning System (GPS) and Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) signals for a number of scenarios. They comprise different configurations related to the number of satellites, geometry, total duration, and aircraft dynamics. Fault detection performance of presented KF RAIM is shown to be superior to another innovation-based test with a moving time window. It is demonstrated that KF RAIM running on a single-core virtual machine can complete processing within a small fraction of each time interval. The performance is also analyzed by restricting CPU usage. The processing time of GPS-NavIC KF RAIM at every interval is shown to be consistently less than that of standalone GPS in all scenarios. Therefore, dual constellations not only result in lower PLs, but also require shorter execution times. An explanation for faster execution times with dual GNSS is provided using the numerical complexity of different modules.
Highly selective etching of SiNx over SiO2 using ClF3/Cl2 remote plasma
Authors: Yoo Seong Jae , Kang Ji Eun , Ji You Jin , Tak Hyun Woo , Cho Byeong Ok , Kim Young Lae , Lee Ki Chan , Chun Jin Sung , Kim Yongil , Kim Dong Woo , Yeom Geun Young
Published: August 2023

Highly selective etching of silicon nitride over silicon oxide is one of the most important processes especially for the fabrication of vertical semiconductor devices including 3D NAND (Not And) devices. In this study, isotropic dry etching characteristics of SiN
x
and SiO2 using ClF3/Cl2 remote plasmas have been investigated. The increase of Cl2 percent in ClF3/Cl2 gas mixture increased etch selectivity of SiN
x
over SiO2 while decreasing SiN
x
etch rate. By addition of 15% Cl to ClF3/Cl2, the etch selectivity higher than 500 could be obtained with the SiN
x
etch rate of ∼8 nm min−1, and the increase of Cl percent to 20% further increased the etch selectivity to higher than 1000. It was found that SiN
x
can be etched through the reaction from Si–N to Si–F and Si–Cl (also from Si–Cl to Si–F) while SiO2 can be etched only through the reaction from Si–O to Si–F, and which is also in extremely low reaction at room temperature. When SiN
x
/SiO2 layer stack was etched using ClF3/Cl2(15%), extremely selective removal of SiN
x
layer in the SiN
x
/SiO2 layer stack could be obtained without noticeable etching of SiO2 layer in the stack and without etch loading effect.
Flexible triboelectric nanogenerators of Au-g-C3N4/ZnO hierarchical nanostructures for machine learning enabled body movement detection
Authors: Das Sourav Pratim , Bhuyan Rimlee , Baro Bikash , Das Upamanyu , Sharma Rupam , Bayan Sayan
Published: August 2023

Here we report the development of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based self-powered human motion detector with chemically developed Au-g-C3N4/ZnO based nanocomposite on common cellulose paper platform. Compared to bare g-C3N4, the nanocomposite in the form of hierarchical morphology is found to exhibit higher output voltage owing to the contribution of Au and ZnO in increasing the dielectric constant and surface roughness. While generating power ∼3.5 μW cm−2 and sensitivity ∼3.3 V N−1, the flexible TENG, is also functional under common biomechanical stimuli to operate as human body movement sensor. When attached to human body, the flexible TENG is found to be sensitive towards body movement as well as the frequency of movement. Finally upon attaching multiple TENG devices to human body, the nature of body movement has been traced precisely using machine learning (ML) techniques. The execution of the learning algorithms like artificial neural network and random forest classifier on the data generated from these multiple sensors can yield an accuracy of 99% and 100% respectively to predict body movement with great deal of precision. The exhibition of superior sensitivity and ML based biomechanical motion recognition accuracy by the hierarchical structure based flexible TENG sensor are the prime novelties of the work.
Soliton molecules for combined mKdV-type bilinear equation
Authors: Zhao Zhang-Xuan , Zhang Lu-Wei , Yang Wei , Cheng Xue-Ping
Published: August 2023

Starting from the multi-soliton solutions obtained by the Hirota bilinear method, the soliton molecule structures for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation

(

D

t

+

∑

n
=
1

N

α

n

D

x

2
n
+
1

)

f

*

·
f

=

0

are investigated using the velocity resonance mechanism. The two-soliton molecules of the mKdV-35 equation and the three-soliton molecules of the mKdV-357 equation are specifically demonstrated in this paper. With particular selections of the involved arbitrary parameters, especially the wave numbers, it is confirmed that, besides the usual multi-bright soliton molecules, the multi-dark soliton molecules and the mixed multi-bright-dark soliton molecules can also be obtained. In addition, we discuss the existence of the multi-soliton molecules for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation with more higher order nonlinear terms and dispersions. The results demonstrate that when N ≥ 4, the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation no longer admits soliton molecules comprising more than four solitons.
Comprehensive feasibility evaluation of small-diameter 3D templated vascular graft via physical characterizations and in-vivo experiments
Authors: Karna Sandeep , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Yeong Seo , Min Too Jae , Yoo Sung Mook , Kim Chae Hwa , Kim Yuseok , Kim Ji-Won , Lee Ju Han , Park Suk-Hee , Kim Tae Hee , Jo Won-Min
Published: August 2023

3D printing (3DP) technology for tissue engineering applications has been extensively studied for materials and processes. However, clinical application to the vascular system was limited owing to mechanical inconsistency and toxicity. Here, we characterized 3D templated artificial vascular grafts (3D grafts), which were fabricated by an integrative method involving 3DP, dip coating, and salt leaching method. The as-fabricated grafts were featured with micrometer-scale porosity enabling tissue-mimetic mechanical softness comparable with native blood vessels. In terms of mechanical properties and water permeability, the fabricated 3D grafts exhibited comparable or superior performances compared to the commercialized grafts. Furthermore, the in-vivo stability of the 3D graft was validated through a toxicity test, and the small-diameter 3D graft was transplanted into a rat to confirm the implant’s performance. Overall, the experimental results demonstrated the clinical feasibility of the 3D graft with retaining the mechanical biocompatibility and also revealed the possibility of patient-specific customization.
Changes and influencing factors of ecosystem resilience in China
Authors: Hu Ying , Wei Fangli , Fu Bojie , Wang Shuai , Zhang Wenmin , Zhang Yunlong
Published: August 2023

The multifunctionality and sustainability of ecosystems are strongly dependent on their ability to withstand and recover from disturbances—that is, ecosystem resilience (ER). However, the dynamics and attributes of ER remain largely unknown, especially in China, where climatic and anthropogenic pressures are high. In this study, we evaluated spatiotemporal patterns of ER in China from 2001 to 2020 using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. We estimated the relative independent importance of climate change, CO2, and anthropogenic factors on changes in ER signals. The results showed that more than half of the ecosystems in the study area have experienced ER gain followed by ER loss during the past two decades. Before breakpoints (BPs), climate change explained 58.29% of the ER change associated with increasing precipitation. After BPs, 65.10% of the ER change was most affected by CO2, and drought from rising temperature further deteriorated ER loss. We highlight that relationships between changes in ER and climate are spatially heterogeneous and suggest increased negative radiative effects of CO2, associated with global warming, on ecosystem stability due to the saturated canopy photosynthesis. These findings have crucial implications for future climate change mitigation, carbon peak, and carbon neutrality targets.
Genotypic Response of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) to Seed Inoculation, P and K Fertilization under Giza Ecological Conditions, Egypt
Authors: Kandil A. A. , Badawi M. A. , Seadh S.E. , Ahmed KH. R.
Published: August 2023

Two field tests were done on the Experimental area of El-Rakah Village, El-Ayat Center, Giza, Egypt, during the 2018 and 2019 seasons, In request to examine the exhibition of Kawmy-1 mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivar to various portions of seed inculcation, phosphorus and potassium treatments. The got results demonstrated the most elevated upsides of the leaf region were acquired from seed vaccination in the second season. The expansions in phosphorus rates to 45 kg P2O5 fed−1 care created the tallest plants and most noteworthy upsides of leaf region, no. of seeds for each pod and seed yield for each plant in the subsequent season. The expansions in potassium rates to 50 kg K2O fed−1 care of created tallest plants, stem width, leaf area, no. of branches for each plant, no. of seeds for each pod, the weight of 100 seeds, plant seed yield and seed yield for each in the first and second season as well as the number of seeds for each pod in another season. It very well may be presumed that inoculation of mungbean seeds with Rhizobium and increasing phosphorus fertilizer to 45 kg P2O5fed−1 and potassium to 50 kg K2O fed−1 cause to maximize seed yield per unit area.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Type and Level of Add on Vegetative Growth Traits of Olive Cultivar Ashrasi
Authors: Mohammed A. M. , Muslat M. M.
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted on Rawa area at AL-Anbar Governorate- Iraq, during the 2021 and 2022 seasons by using 72 olive trees (cultivar Ashrasi) treated with 0, 15, and 25 kg per olive tree from composted of common reed waste + cow, sheep, and poultry manure, also tree treated with 0 and 50 liters from aqueous extract of compost. The results of the statistical analysis showed that: The treatment of 25 kg.tree−1 from compost consisting of 80% common reed waste with 20% poultry manure with 50 liters of aqueous extract of the compost led to a highly significant improvement in vegetative growth traits (shoots length, number of leaves per shoots and leaf area), concentration of chlorophyll and leaf mineral content (N, P, and K) compared with control treatment during 2021 and 2022 seasons.
The Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Calcium Carbonate on some Indicators of the Quality of Cut Flowers of Chrysanthemum Plant (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.)
Authors: Allawii Saja S. I. , Adil Asmaa M. , Al-Dabbagh Abdullah M. S. , Al-Atrakchii Ammar O.
Published: August 2023

This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the College of Agric. and Forestry at the University of Mosul, with the aim of studying some indicators of the cut inflorescences quality of two cultivars of the Chrysanthemum plant (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) with white and red inflorescences and delaying their senescence, as the bases of the cut inflorescences were immersed in the holding solution containing gibberellic acid at 0 and 25 mgl−1 and calcium carbonate at 0, 100 and 200 mgl−1 and their interactions. The Factorial experiment was conducted by a randomized complete block design. The results indicated that the cultivar with white inflorescences were recorded a significant increase in the values of the characteristics of the relative change in the inflorescences fresh weight and the amount of change in the inflorescences diameter, which reached to 87.79% and 87.37%, respectively, a significant increase was recorded in the volume of water absorbed by inflorescences and the inflorescences dry weight at the end of the experiment. The immersion in gibberellic acid at 25 mgl−1 resulted in a significant increase in the change of inflorescences fresh weight, change in the inflorescence diameter, volume of water absorbed of 10.19 cm3 and inflorescences dry weight 1.21 g. While immersion in calcium carbonate at 200 mgl−1 led to a significant increase in the amount of change in the inflorescences fresh weight, the change in the inflorescence’s diameter, and the inflorescences dry weight, which were 87.46%, 87.38%, and 1.270 g, respectively. It can be said that the inflorescences of the red variety that were added to the preservation solution of gibberellic acid at 25 mgl−1 and calcium carbonate at 200 mgl−1 recorded the largest significant values for the characteristics of the change in the inflorescences fresh weight, change in the inflorescence diameter, and the volume of water absorbed.
Evaluation of Efficiency Different Concentrations of SURAGE Herbicides on the Growth and Yield of Two Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Associated Weeds
Authors: Wahab Saja Essam Abdel , Aljuburi Dheyaa Fathi
Published: August 2023

The experiment, was carried out during the 2021-2022 agricultural season in two locations, the first location in AlNamrood, district, 40 km south east of the city center, and the second location in Tal kaif district, 15 km north of the city center, with different soil textures, in to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of SURAGE and varieties in growth and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and associated weeds. The experiment include two factors, The first was two Varieties of wheat (Tal Afar 3 and Wafia) and the second factor was SURAGE herbicide with three concentrations (SURAGE -25, SURAGE R.C and SURAGE +25), control treatment was SURAGE -25 (25% less than the recommended concentration, 75% a.i. of the recommended concentration), SURAGE R.C. (100%, a.i. the recommended concentration), SURAGE +25 (more than the recommended concentration by 25%, a.i. 125% of the recommended concentration) in addition of control. The experiment application according factorial experiment system (split-plot) using RCBD and Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare average the treatment. The most important results can be SURAGE R.C. and SURAGE + 25 have the lowest total weight of weeds with an efficiency rate of 61.83% and 58.8%, respectively in AlNamrood location, and treatment SURAGE + 25 in Tal kaif location efficiency rate of 39.53%. have treatment SURAGE R.C. the highest yield at Al-Nimrod and Tal kaif location was 60.83% and 51.04% for AlNamrood and Tal kaif location, respectively.
Potential of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Growth of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) under Field Condition
Authors: Mahmood S. A. , Aldabagh E. J. , Aljanabi A. R. , Jabbar A.
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted to use different types of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)which included (Rhizobium,Azotobacter and Asospirillum sp.) as single or mixed biofertilizer for two biovar of potato crop (white Arnova (A) and red Manitou (B)) in Latefia research station. Field with 29m × 40m (length× width) was prepared at al- Latefea Research Station, during spring season. Soil was sleeked and permutated by machine, lines each 4m were chapped and prepared for culturing. The tubers of potato were soaked into Azotobacter spp., Azosperillium spp., Rhizobium spp. culture separtory and in corbination ; treated potato were ground under soil. Germination percentage, chlorophyll content and yield weight were analyzed for comparsion between these treatments. Germination results that percentage for Arnova class in Rhizobium spp.100%, Azotobacter spp.100%, could replace chemical fertilizer formula. Manitou class augmented with Azospirillum spp. gave the best germination percentage 96.7% While, Potato treated with Rhizobium spp. culture gave the highest weight in compassion with chemical fertilizer and other treatments, it was 6.283gm. On other hand, mixed culture of Rhizobium spp., Azotobacter spp. and Azosperillium spp. could replace efficiently the recommended formula of chemical fertilizer, the mean of weight became 5.6 gm. Chlorophyll content in Arnova and Manitou did not any change as compaied to control treatment, the application of biofertilizer with bacterial culture of Azosperillum sp. gave 49.77 followed by mixed culture Rhizobium spp3and Azosperillium spp1it was 48.37.
A comparison of Nine Grape Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars Growing in Iraq’s Kurdistan Region in Terms of Their Vegetative Growth and Physicochemical Traits
Authors: Sidiq Kasnazany Sidiq A. , Mirza Avin Noori , Mahmood Anwar Mohammed Raouf , Rahman Shex Sidiq Abdul , Hameed Jalil Shamsadden , Nasrulla Kosar Baqi
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted in 2022 to evaluate nine grape cultivars Mkyaj (Manicure finger), Sheery (Riesling), Yaghute-Rash (Moon drops black seedless), Superior (Superior sugraone), Super-Kamale (Super Kamali), Ukraine (Pinot noir), Kakawi (Pecorino), Bokhur (Bhokri) and Gulawi (Gulab) which were chosen from Shar-Bazher, Sitak, Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The purpose of this research was to compare growth and physio-chemical characteristics of the nine cultivars grape. The results showed that there were differences amongst cultivars in terms of the characteristics studied, in term of leaf area cm2 and number of berries cluster−1 Sheery cultivar is over-topped, and firmness followed by Super-Kamali cv. which recorded the highest value for chlorophyll content index (CCI), the weight of 100 berries, weight pulp of 100 berries, and size of 100 berries. Gulawi cultivar had the highest weight of seed berry−1 and the diameter of berries was significantly overtopped. The Superior cultivar was significantly superior to other cultivars regarding weight of cluster. The results showed the cultivar of Sheery obtained the maximum values of total sugar percentage and total phenolic (mg 100g−1 FW), with 16.839 %, and 335.794 mg 100g−1 FW, respectively. Gulawi cultivar gave a higher value of TTA% and TSS% with (0.912% and 20.833%). Yaghute-Rash cultivar achieved maximum values of pH and anthocyanin (mg 100g−1 FW), 3.570 and 96.359 mg 100g−1 FW respectively. While the Ukraine cultivar gave the maximum values of ascorbic acid mg 100g−1 FW with 756.176 mg 100g−1 FW. Mkyaj and Superior cultivars gave a higher value of juice and moisture content with (82.833% and 84.252%).
Evaluation of Yield and its Components of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Cultivars Grown Under Rain-Fed and Supplementary Irrigation Locations in Nineveh Province
Authors: Abdulrahman Al-Ajrawy Y. H. , Alrijabo Abdulsattar A. , Antar Salim Hammadi
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out in two locations (Talkaif and Fayda) in Nineveh Province during the agricultural season (2021-2022) to evaluate 30 cultivars of durum wheat in terms of yield and its components under two Irrigation patterns (supplementary Irrigation SI and Rain-fed), the results showed that the cultivars differed significantly among themselves, the cultivar Firat -93 was significantly higher than the other cultivars in the two locations of Telkaif and Fayda in the No. of spikes.m−2 and the weight of 1000 grains, as it gave (396.67 spikes.m−2, 48 gm.) and (281.33 spikes.m−2, 39.52gm.), respectively. The cultivars Dor-29, Fada 98, and Sarıbasak was superior in the No. of grains.spike−1 for both locations (42.17, 41.67, 41.33) and (30.17, 29, 29.17) respectively, while the cultivar Acsad-65 excelled in grains yield gm.m−2 for both locations (531.39, 226.76), respectively. The two cultivars Smito and Saribasak excelled in terms of grains yield in Fayda location only, reaching (223.4, 214.78 gm.m−2), respectively, while the two cultivars Smito and Ari achieved significant superiority in biological yield. (943.67, 918.33 gm.m−2). As for the Irrigation pattern, all cultivars grown under the SI pattern achieved significant superiority for all traits and for both locations of the experiment.
Effect of Alar and Light Intensity on the Leaves Content of some Nutrients and Chemical Compounds of Juniper Plant (Juniperus Sabina L.)
Authors: Abbas Amir Abdulkadir , Al-Bakkar Alaa Hussien A. Q.
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk in Al-Sayada, located at latitude 35.23 North and longitude 44.20 East and at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level for a full year from 1/6/2021 to 1/6 /2022 on the seedlings of the juniper plant (Juniperus Sabina L.) at one year of age to know the effect of foliar spraying with Alar, three concentrations (0, 750 and 1500 mg.L−1) and two levels of light intensity (50% indoors woody canopy and 100% direct sunlight). on the content of leaves of nutrients and chemical compounds. Using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) system, with three replications, three seedlings in one experimental unit, spraying with the Alar growth retardant at a concentration of (1500) mg.l−1 resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrates and protein, as it gave an average of (2.573%, 0.465%, 2.995%, 14.928%, 16.079%), respectively. Also, when exposing the cultivated plants in the city of Kirkuk to a light intensity of 50%, it led to a significant increase in all the studied traits of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrates and protein in the leaves gave an average of (2.877%, 0.477%, 3.460%, 15.218%, and 3.460%), respectively. As for the bilateral interfere between the Alar at a concentration of (1500) mg.L-1 and the intensity of light at the level of 50%, it gave the highest percentage of the content of the leaves of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbohydrates and protein at rates of (3.465%, 0.690%, 3.950%, 16.215%)., 21.657%), respectively, with a significant difference with the rest of the other interventions.
Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties Performance and their Stability at Levels of Seeds Fogging with Seaweed Extract Alga-600 and Types of Compound Fertilizers
Authors: Al-Jumaily Abdulsalam Rajab Ahmed , Al-Aaty Yaser Hasan Saleh , Al-Zubaidy Khalid M. D. , Naeef Anas J. , Saleem Farhan Raheem
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out with the aim of testing the environmental genetic interaction of bread wheat traits: plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of tillers/plant, number of spikes/m2, 1000 grains weight, number of grains/spike and grain yield and estimating the broad sense heritability and stability parameters of the varieties Dijla, IPA99, Chad, Gihan, Buro and Bohuth22, which were grown under irrigated conditions at the Horticultural Research Station in Hawija during the agricultural season 2019-2020 and in six environments resulting from combinations of two levels of fogging with seaweed extract Alga-600 (fogging and non-fogging) and three levels of compound fertilizers (Yara 160 kg/ha, Yara 240 kg/ha, and DAP 320 kg/ha) using split-split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance for genetic-environmental interaction showed that the mean square of each of the varieties and environments was highly significant for all traits except the number of leaves/plant in case of environments, and the interaction of varieties x environments was highly significant for the traits of number of tillers/plant, 1000 grains weight, number of grains per spike, and grain yield. The broad sense heritability ranged between 20.7% for number of leaves/plant and 84.4% for grain yield, as it was high for the traits of plant height, number of grains/spike, and grain yield, moderate for number of tillers/plant, and low for the other traits. The results of the stability parameters showed that the variety Chad was characterized by high stability for most traits, except 1000 grains weight and grain yield, to which it appeared to respond only in good environments, followed by the variety Bohuth22, which showed stability for four traits (number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, 1000 grains weight and grain yield), then the two varieties Dijla and Buro, each of which has high stability for four traits that do not include the grain yield.
Response of Growth and Yield Characteristics of Fenugreek to Spraying with Cytokinines and Licorice Extrac
Authors: Ahmed Doaa Mohamed , Mheidi Usama H.
Published: August 2023

The impact of Cytokinines and licorice extract on the development and yield of fenugreek plants was investigated in a field experiment conducted during the 2021–2022 winter season in a farmer’s field in Anbar Governorate on the banks of the Euphrates River. Four different cytokinin concentrations were used in the experiment (0,75,150 and 225). In addition to the control group’s L-1 mg, four concentrations of licorice extract (0,10,20 and 30) g L-1 were used in the experiment’s secondary plates. Development and production in plants (Plant height, number of plant branches, and dry weight). Plant height (63.08 cm), number of plant branches (5.89), dry weight of the vegetative total (21.47), number of pods per plant (40.03), number of seeds per pod (19.68), and weight of 100 seeds (1.529) were all significantly higher in the 30 g L-1 concentration than in the licorice extract (10.31). Plants sprayed with a concentration of 250 mg L-1 of cytokinin and 30 g L-1 of licorice extract gave the highest rates in most vegetative traits and yield, indicating that the interaction coefficients between cytokinines and licorice extract were significantly superior.
The Effect of Planting Distances and Foliar Fertilization with Zinc on Yield and its Components of Soybean Crop
Authors: Hussein Mamoun A. , Sarhan Ismail A.
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of planting distance and zinc foliar fertilization on soybean yield and its constituents; a field experiment was conducted in the summer of 2022 at the Hamidiyah research station of the College of Agriculture at the University of Anbar (var. Shaimaa). Three replicates of the experiment were conducted using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with a Split Plot layout. Zinc concentrations were varied across the main plots (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg Zn l-1), while planting distances (7, 14, 21, and 28 cm) were varied across the sub-plots, yielding densities of 190,000, 95,555, 63,333, and 47,777 plants ha-1, respectively. It was found that the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the fertility rate, the total seed yield, and the biological yield were all maximized at a planting distance of 28 cm (low density), with averages of 149.1 pod plant-1, 2.90 seeds pod-1, 88.67%, 5.552 tons ha-1, and 15.94 tons ha-1, respectively. The average harvest index was 37.30% at a distance of 21 cm. However, the greatest average weight of 100 seeds was found at a distance of 7 cm (high density) (12.10 gm). The results also showed that a zinc concentration of 75 mg L-1 was optimal in terms of total seed yield (5.365 tons ha-1), the fertility rate (86.67%), the weight of 100 seeds (12.81 gm), and biological yield (16.33 tons ha-1). For most measures of yield and its components, there was no evidence of an effect of planting distance on zinc concentration.
The Effect of Phytase Addition in Promoting Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Sesame Seed Meal on the Hematological and Biochemical Criteria of Common Carp Fish Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Muhsen Tariq M. , Mohammad Mahmoud A.
Published: August 2023

The goal of this study is to study the effects of substitution of soybean meal by sesame seed meal in the diet of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Fish were fed seven experimental diets that included soybean meal substituted with sesame seed at 25, 35 and 45 percent, respectively, in the second, fourth and sixth diets and phytase (1200 IU\ Kg) added with the same replacement in the third, fifth and seventh diets, as well as the control diet (first diet). The data analysis of the edible portion of the body demonstrated a significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05) in the dry matter and crude protein criterion for fish fed the phytase-containing ration over the control ration. The high ether extract and proportion of phosphorus deposited in the bodies of fish fed the fourth and seventh diets, but the percentage of ash did not differ significantly from the control diet. Fish fed the third diet had a significant increase in PCV, Hb and TP, whereas fish fed the seven diets had such a significant increase in the value of globulin when compared to the other experimental diets. When fish were fed the seventh diet compared to the control diet, albumin levels were significantly higher, while glucose levels were lower significantly in control compared with the rest of the experimental rations. However, there was no significant difference in cholesterol levels between the different experimental treatments. As fish were given the seventh diet, the percentage of triglycerides increased significantly and the ALT and AST criteria decreased significantly when compared to the control diet.
Effect of Adding Selenium Vitamin E to Feed Containing Acetic Acid on Milk Production and its Fat Content in Awassi Ewes
Authors: Kasim H. W. , Abdullah M. N. , Hamad I. H. , Almallah O. D.
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in the animal barn of the Agricultural Research Department/ Nineveh Research Department / Ministry of Agriculture during the period of 1/3-15/4/ 2022, using 18 Awassi ewes in the last stage of milk production (after weaning). The ages of the ewes ranged between 3-4 years and their average weight (46.80 ± 1.33 kg) The ewes were divided into three groups. The first group considered control (T1) and was fed on the standard ration without addition, the second group (T2) was fed on the standard ration with the addition of 10 glacial acetic acid (99.85%) food grade for each ewe, the acid was added to the feed after diluting it with tab water in a ratio of (1:1), while the third group (T3) was fed on the standard ration and acid with the addition of 0.4 gram of selenium-vitamin E. Results were showed no effect of additives in body weight while, the response was clear in enhancing milk production significantly with selenium vitamin E addition. Milk components as percentage and yield were close between T1 and T2 with except solid non-fat that decreased (p≤0.05) in T2 8.76% as compared T1 9.18%. on other hand all milk components significantly higher in T3 as compared t1 and T2. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL were higher (p≤0.05) in T3 as compared T1.
Effect of High Salt Concentrations on some Growth Characteristics and Feed Intake Rate of Ctenopharyngodon idella
Authors: Al-Khshali Mohammad Shaker , Abdulmajeed O. M. , Naser Ahmed S.
Published: August 2023

Grass carp at a weight of 34.68 + 2 g were gradually exposed to four saline concentrations: tap water (0.1), 3, 6, 9, and 12 gm/litter, and the first concentration represented a control treatment. Fish were fed on a diet with a protein content of 30% for ten weeks. Results of the growth experiment showed that the feed conversion rate was 2.46, 3.58, 4.84, 6.77, and -8.56 in the first to fifth treatments, respectively, and the rate feed conversion efficiency was 40.65, 27. 93, 20.66, 14.77 and 11.68 %, while the protein intake was 22.38, 20.44, 18.86, 17.47 and 16.56 g in salt concentrations of 0.1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/L, respectively. In another experiment to study the effect of salt acclimatization on the rate of feed intake, grass carp with an average weight of 25.66 + 2 gm were exposed to the previous salt concentrations and fed on the same ratio in the growth experiment. Feed intake as a percentage of body weight amounted to 4.62, 4.12, 3.78, 3.24, and 2.48% respectively. It was concluded from the current study that the growth characteristics of grass carp were negatively affected by high salt concentrations.
Effect of Adding Curcuma Longa L Powder on the Biochemical Characteristics and Growth of New-borns in Awassi ewe
Authors: Al-Khafaf Ahmed Abdulmohsen , Abdullah Mohammed Najem , El-Rawi Elham Abdulhmed
Published: August 2023

In this study, 18 pregnant Awassi ewes were used to study the effect of different levels of turmeric on physiological performance. The ewes were divided into three equal groups. The three groups were fed 6 weeks before birth until weaning on a basic diet containing protein 14.46 and energy 2583 kcal/kg. The first group was fed without an additive (control), While turmeric powder was added to feed the second and third groups at the rate of 5 and 10 g/day/ewe, respectively. The results indicated that the use of turmeric powder led to a significant increase in the weights of lambs during the eighth, tenth and twelfth weeks in favor of the second treatment, and there was a significant increase in glucose concentration in the first month. And the third in the second group, and in the concentration of cholesterol, a significant improvement was observed in the second and third groups in the first month, and a significant improvement in the second group only in the second month, while the third group had a significant improvement in the third month only. In triglycerides, a significant improvement was observed in the first month only in the second and third groups. In total protein, a significant increase was observed in the first month only in the third group. In the ALT enzyme, a significant improvement was observed in the second group for the second month, while in the third month a significant improvement was seen in the AST and ALT enzymes of the third group. As for blood images, a significant superiority was observed in the number of white blood cells in the second treatment, while no significant differences were found between the treatments in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed blood cells, while turmeric powder did not affect the average weights of ewes.
Effect of Using Slow-Release Urea on Food Compound Digestion Coefficient and some Rumen and Blood Fluid Traits in Awassi Lambs
Authors: Hashem Waseem A. , Tayeb M. A. M.
Published: August 2023

I completed this study in the fields of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul to find out the effect of adding slow-release urea to the concentrated diet gradually instead of rapidly release urea in an attempt to improve the efficiency of feed utilization and improve rumen conditions and the reflection of that Digestion of compounds and nutrients in rams using 4 Awassi lambs aged between 9-12 months distributed into four treatments fed on a concentrated diet close in energy and protein content and different in its content of urea that It was gradually replaced by slow-release urea (menogen) where the first treatment (1.5% urea only), the second treatment (1% urea and 0.6% slow decomposition urea), the third treatment (0.5% urea and 1.2% slow decomposition urea) and the fourth (1.8% slow decomposition urea only) took the study took four e×perimental periods, each period lasting 19 days (14 days introductory period and 5 days sample collection period) with a cross over design. The digestibility coefficient of dry matter ingested was (74.74, 75.91, 76.14 and 75.87%), and the digestibility coefficient of protein reached (85.67, 86.70, 87.89 and 88.29) % and the coefficient of fiber digestion (29.64, 28.96, 49.53 and 41.43) % respectively for the four coefficients. The results did not indicate significant differences in the pH value of rumen fluid before feeding and two hours after feeding. While the results indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in the concentration of ammonia in the rumen liquid before feeding, where it amounted to 4.95, 6.07, 5.0 and 5.52 mmol / 100 mol, and significant differences were noted (p<0.05) in the number of bacteria before feeding, as it amounted to (45.25, 25.75, 13.25 and 26.50103× / ml), and two hours after feeding amounted to (22.50, 19.75 and 48). 75 and 52,00103× (/ ml and the numbers of protozoa before feeding, as it amounted to (12.00, 4.50, 6.00 and 7.00) 103× / ml and two hours after feeding, as it amounted to (5.25, 7.75, 12.75 and 6.50) 103× / ml rumen fluid respectively and the fourth. Through the results, it was noted that there is a positive effect of adding menogen to the diets of Awassi lambs in digestion and some characteristics of the rumen.
The Effect of Dry Farming and Water Stress under Subsurface Drip Irrigation System on Water and Rice Productivity
Authors: Ati Alaa S. , Masood Tareq K. , Jasim Abdulrazzak A.
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the 2020 season at the College of Agricultural Engineering/ University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya to evaluate the effect of dry farming when applying water stress under the subsurface drip irrigation system on water productivity and rice yield. The experiment was conducted with three levels of irrigation water stress when 10, 20 and 40% of the available water was depleted and in three dimensions between drip lines 10, 15 and 20 cm. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design, according to the split plot design, with three replications. Determine the depth of irrigation water depending on the moisture depletion of the soil, the results showed a difference in the depth of water according to the moisture depletion, which amounted to 900 mm. Season-1 treatment for 10% depletion and decreased to 10 and 16.6% when 20 and 40% of the prepared water was depleted, respectively. The intervention between drip lines and irrigation treatments led to a significant increase in grain yield when using a distance of 10 cm and irrigation when 10% of the available water was depleted. There were no significant differences in grain yield at I10 despite the difference in the distance between the drip lines. The efficiency of field and crop water use and the profitability of water outperformed I10.