bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of recommended posttreatment services for adolescent and young adult survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hahn Erin E. , Wu Yi‐Lin , Munoz‐Plaza Corrine E. , Garcia Delgadillo Jazmine , Cooper Robert M. , Chao Chun R.
Published: January 2019

Background

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a leading cancer diagnosis for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), with an overall 5‐year survival rate of >80%. However, to the authors’ knowledge, little is known regarding posttreatment patterns of care. In the current study, the authors characterized the use of guideline‐recommended services in a cohort of AYA survivors of HL in Kaiser Permanente Southern California.

Methods

Patients with HL who were diagnosed between ages 15 and 39 years between 2000 and 2010 were identified. The authors calculated the number of patients who received recommended short‐term care within 2 years after treatment cessation for those who remained enrolled and alive from 2001 through 2015. Use of recommended late‐effects screening for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease was examined. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between receipt of recommended care and patient, cancer, and treatment characteristics.

Results

A total of 354 patients were identified, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 26 years (standard deviation, 6.9 years). Approximately 12% of patients had stage I disease, 59% had stage II disease, 17% had stage III disease, and 13% of patients had stage IV disease. Nearly all patients received chemotherapy (95%), 51% received radiotherapy, and 5% received care from a pediatric oncologist. Overall, approximately 49% of patients received recommended short‐term care. Of those patients eligible for cardiovascular screening at 10 years posttreatment (60 patients), 53% received at least 1 screening. Of those patients eligible for breast cancer screening (21 patients), approximately 50% underwent at least 1 screening. Regression results indicated that those patients treated by a pediatric oncologist were >3 times as likely to receive recommended short‐term care.

Conclusions

The results of the current study highlight gaps in the delivery of posttreatment care to AYA survivors of HL. By determining areas in need of improvement, these findings can guide the development of tailored interventions with which to improve care.
Centrifuged supernatants from FNA provide a liquid biopsy option for clinical next‐generation sequencing of thyroid nodules
Authors: Ye Wenrui , Hannigan Brette , Zalles Stephanie , Mehrotra Meenakshi , Barkoh Bedia A. , Williams Michelle D. , Cabanillas Maria E. , Edeiken‐Monroe Beth , Hu Peter , Duose Dzifa , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Stewart John , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: January 2019

Background

Molecular testing is recommended as an adjunct to improve the preoperative diagnosis of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. Centrifuged supernatants from FNA samples, which are typically discarded, have recently emerged as a novel liquid‐based biopsy for molecular testing. This study evaluates the use of thyroid FNA supernatants for detecting clinically relevant mutations.

Methods

Supernatants from thyroid FNA samples (n = 156) were evaluated. A 50‐gene next‐generation sequencing (NGS) assay was used, and mutation analysis results from a subset of samples were further compared with those of paired FNA smears and/or cell blocks.

Results

All 156 samples yielded adequate DNA (median, 135 ng; range, 11‐3180 ng), and 129 of these samples (83%) were successfully sequenced by NGS. The most frequently detected somatic mutations included BRAF and RAS mutations, which were followed by RET, TP53, PTEN, CDKN2A, and PIK3CA mutations. Eleven of 31 cases with an indeterminate cytologic diagnosis and 9 of 12 cases that were suspicious for malignancy had somatic mutations, including the BRAF V600E mutation, which is highly definitive for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Seven of the 9 indeterminate and suspicious cases with the BRAF V600E mutation had surgical follow‐up, and they were all confirmed to be PTC. A comparison of the mutation profiles derived from supernatants with those of paired smears and/or cell blocks in a small subset of cases (n = 8) showed 100% concordance.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that FNA supernatants can be used as a surrogate for thyroid molecular testing to improve diagnostic accuracy in indeterminate nodules, provide prognostic/predictive information, and improve overall patient management.
Extrastriate connectivity of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus
Authors: Bienkowski Michael S. , Benavidez Nora L. , Wu Kevin , Gou Lin , Becerra Marlene , Dong Hong‐Wei
Published: January 2019

The mammalian visual system is one of the most well‐studied brain systems. Visual information from the retina is relayed to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGd). The LGd then projects topographically to primary visual cortex (VISp) to mediate visual perception. In this view, the VISp is a critical network hub where visual information must traverse LGd–VISp circuits to reach higher order “extrastriate” visual cortices, which surround the VISp on its medial and lateral borders. However, decades of conflicting reports in a variety of mammals support or refute the existence of extrastriate LGd connections that can bypass the VISp. Here, we provide evidence of bidirectional extrastriate connectivity with the mouse LGd. Using small, discrete coinjections of anterograde and retrograde tracers within the thalamus and cortex, our cross‐validated approach identified bidirectional connectivity between LGd and extrastriate visual cortices. We find robust reciprocal connectivity of the medial extrastriate regions with LGd neurons distributed along the “ventral strip” border with the intergeniculate leaflet. In contrast, LGd input to lateral extrastriate regions is sparse, but lateral extrastriate regions return stronger descending projections to localized LGd areas. We show further evidence that axons from lateral extrastriate regions can overlap onto medial extrastriate‐projecting LGd neurons in the ventral strip, providing a putative subcortical LGd pathway for communication between medial and lateral extrastriate regions. Overall, our findings support the existence of extrastriate LGd circuits and provide novel understanding of LGd organization in rodent visual system.
Microgravimetric and Spectroscopic Analysis of Solid−Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Presence of Additives
Authors: Ivanov Svetlozar , Mai Sebastian , Himmerlich Marcel , Dimitrova Anna , Krischok Stefan , Bund Andreas
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) with damping monitoring is applied for real‐time analysis of solid−electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in diphenyl octyl phosphate (DPOP) and vinylene carbonate (VC) modified electrolytes. Fast SEI formation is observed for the DPOP containing electrolyte, whereas slow growth is detected in VC‐modified and reference electrolytes. QCM measurements in a dry state show considerable reduction of the mass quantity for DPOP and reference samples and minor mass decrease for the SEI layer formed in the presence of VC. The results indicate that VC enhances SEI stability, whereas the addition of DPOP or no additive results in incorporation of loosely attached species, leadubg to SEI instability. Resonance frequency damping, Δw, and dissipation factor, D, are used for analyzing mechanical properties of the SEI layers. The apparent increase of Δw and D during SEI formation in presence of DPOP suggests a pronounced viscoelasticity of the layer. QCM results are compared with surface morphology and chemical composition, revealing excellent agreement of the applied characterization approaches.
Book Review
Authors: Ringler Marjorie Campo
Published: January 2019

A Field Book for Higher Education Leaders: Improving Your Leadership Intelligence
What can the gut microbiome teach us about the connections between child physical and mental health? A systematic review
Authors: Kan Janice M. , Cowan Caitlin S. M. , Ooi Chee Y. , Kasparian Nadine A.
Published: January 2019

A deeper understanding of the gut–brain axis is of significance in pediatrics, given the influential role of early childhood experiences and exposures in shaping the microbiome, and health, across the life course. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the connection between the gut microbiome and mental health in children with physical illness. Six electronic databases were systematically searched and data extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Of 1,476 identified articles, 11 articles reporting on nine unique studies (all randomized controlled trials) were included. Most studies examined the gut microbiome in infants with colic, while the remaining studies investigated outcomes in children aged 1 day to 18 years at risk for atopic dermatitis or irritable bowel syndrome. Baseline and postintervention gut microbiome differences varied across studies. Findings on psychological functioning also varied, with only half of the captured studies showing a positive effect of intervention on psychological well‐being. Only two studies analyzed the association between the gut microbiome and psychological outcomes, each with a different pattern of results. As the field moves forward, it will be critical to gain a better understanding of the microbiome characteristics that influence mental health outcomes in pediatric populations.
Transient modelling of physical habitat for stream macrozoobenthos at intermediate spatial and temporal scales—Moving towards more dynamic descriptions of hydromorphology
Authors: Tatis‐Muvdi Roberto , Stamm Jürgen
Published: January 2019

A strategy for modelling the spatiotemporal supply of a physical habitat for stream macrozoobenthos is presented and used to explore the limiting role of hydromorphology on species of varying sensitivity. The approach is based on unsteady numerical two‐dimensional shallow water simulations, which are combined with substrate information and tolerance ranges in order to build unsteady physical habitat models for a group of 13 taxa on the upper course of the river Lahn (Germany). The resulting habitat information aims to capture physical habitat gradients on an intermediate scale that is larger than individual organisms, but smaller than the stream's geomorphic units, as well as to follow hydrological variations determined by the stream's flow regime. By modelling the physical habitat at this spatiotemporal scale, the approach builds on information derived from typical field surveys relating macrozoobenthos and hydromorphology, which are based on quadrat samples placed in different hydraulic zones in the stream (riffles, pools, runs, glides, mid‐channel and shore areas, side arms, cut‐off and slip‐off banks, etc.), and therefore has the advantage of using knowledge thus derived at the same scale it was generated.
Assessing the effect of density on population growth when modeling individual encounter data
Authors: Tenan Simone , Tavecchia Giacomo , Oro Daniel , Pradel Roger
Published: January 2019

The relative role of density‐dependent and density‐independent variation in vital rates and population size remains largely unsolved. Despite its importance to the theory and application of population ecology, and to conservation biology, quantifying the role and strength of density dependence is particularly challenging. We present a hierarchical formulation of the temporal symmetry approach, also known as the Pradel model, that permits estimation of the strength of density dependence from capture–mark–reencounter data. A measure of relative population size is built in the model and serves to detect density dependence directly on population growth rate. The model is also extended to account for temporal random variability in demographic rates, allowing estimation of the temporal variance of population growth rate unexplained by density dependence. We thus present a model‐based approach that enable to test and quantify the effect of density‐dependent and density‐independent factors affecting population fluctuations in a single modeling framework. More generally, we use this modeling framework along with simulated and empirical data to show the value of including density dependence when modeling individual encounter data without the need for auxiliary data.
Tunable Magnetic Properties of (Gd,Ce)2O2S Oxysulfide Nanoparticles
Authors: Larquet Clément , Klein Yannick , Hrabovsky David , Gauzzi Andrea , Sanchez Clément , Carenco Sophie
Published: January 2019

Nanoparticles with strong paramagnetic responses are of prime interest for advanced MRI imaging. To replace expensive and toxic Gd complexes, Gd‐based nanoparticles have emerged as a viable solution for efficient and harmless MRI contrast agents. Gadolinium oxysulfide nanoparticles could represent suitable candidates for MRI imaging and bimodal imaging thanks to their excellent properties as host matrix and chemical stability, but their magnetic properties at the nanoscale have been hitherto poorly investigated especially in the case of ultrafine nanoparticles (< 10 nm), where surface effects and ligands can significantly affect the magnetic behavior. In the present work, we synthesized and characterized bimetallic (Gd,Ce)2O2S nanoparticles and demonstrated that they are paramagnetic over a wide temperature range including the body one. The mixture of Gd and Ce magnetic centers enables a fine control of the magnetic properties up to high Ce concentrations (80 %) and over a large range of magnetic moments, while photoemission properties are guaranteed up to 20 % of Ce owing to a regular dispersion of the Ce centers. The present study on bimetallic oxysulfide nanoparticles with high concentrations of two lanthanides shows that (Gd,Ce)2O2S nanoparticles are viable candidates as tunable nanoscale agents for bimodal imaging.
UV‐Light‐Irradiated Trifluoromethylation of Diheteroaryl Disulfides with CF3SO2Na
Authors: Cao Bao‐Qian , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Zhang Xi , Zhu Zheng‐He , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: January 2019

A simple protocol for the UV light irradiated preparation of heteroaryl trifluoromethyl thioethers from disulfides and inexpensive, environmentally sodium triflinate (CF3SO2Na) has been developed. The features of simple and clean reaction conditions, in moderate to good yields, and broad substrate scope render this new approach synthetically attractive for the preparation of potentially pharmaceutically active compounds.
Environmentally Benign Ritter Reaction Using Bismuth Salts as a Catalyst
Authors: Ueno Masaharu , Kusaka Ryo , Ohmura Satoshi D. , Miyoshi Norikazu
Published: January 2019

We developed an environmentally benign Ritter reaction of alcohols with nitriles using a commercially available bismuth salt as a less harmful catalyst. The detailed reaction profiles revealed that consumption of the ether by‐product as the reaction proceeded was the key for optimizing this reaction, and the yield of the target amide was improved by adding a small amount of water. This finding clearly reveals the significance of using a bismuth salt as the catalyst, as it is not deactivated in the presence of water. This catalyst system has a broad substrate scope, and even with 1 mol‐% of the catalyst, the reaction progresses smoothly. It is also possible to react stoichiometric amounts of nitriles and alcohols, thus reducing the amount of organic solvent required for the reaction. Furthermore, as the inexpensive bismuth catalyst can be easily removed using aqueous hydrochloric acid, a purification process that only required washing and drying without any organic solvents was successfully established.
Study on the change of permeability of gas‐containing coal under many factors
Authors: Wang Fakai , Liang Yunpei , Li Xuelong , Li Lei , Li Jiangong , Chen Yulong
Published: January 2019

The permeability characteristics of gas‐containing coal under different radial stress, different axial stress, and gas pressure were studied by orthogonal experiments, using a self‐developed three‐axis servo fluid infiltration system with a gas‐solid coupling of gas‐containing coal, on the basis of a single‐factor influence on the permeability of gas‐containing coal. By considering the effective stress, three kinds of relationships between permeability and radial stress, permeability and axial stress, as well as permeability and gas pressure were established. The results show that radial stress, axial stress, and gas pressure have a great influence on the permeability characteristics of gas‐containing coal: (a) The influence of radial stress on gas permeability is significant, whereas the influence of axial stress is negligible. The degree of influence of radial stress, gas pressure, and axial stress on the permeability decreases in turn; (b) The permeability decreases following a power function with the increase of the radial stress; (c) The permeability gradually increases with the increase of axial stress. With the increase of axial stress, the permeability increases following a power function; (d) The increase in gas pressure will reduce the effective stress on the coal, and the number of pores and cracks inside the coal body will decrease. This will increase the effective seepage flow and gas flow rate of the gas and eventually lead to the increase of coal permeability. There is a quadratic function relationship between the permeability and gas pressure.
Investigating the fate of copper in a laboratory-based toxicity test with embryos of Mytilus galloprovincialis: Copper mass balance of a closed bioassay
Authors: Zitoun Rebecca , Hassler Christel , Clearwater Susan J. , Thompson Karen J. , Albert Anathea , Sander Sylvia G.
Published: January 2019

The production of accurate and reliable data on metal toxicity during ecotoxicological bioassays is important for credible environmental risk assessments and management in aquatic environments. Actual measurements and reporting of contaminant concentrations in bioassays are, however, often disregarded; and potential contaminant loss attributable to adsorption processes (e.g., wall adsorption) in bioassays is widely omitted, which can have detrimental effects on calculated metal toxicity thresholds. In the present we assessed copper (Cu) mass balance during a standard 48-h bioassay test with blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) embryos to evaluate effects on calculated toxicity endpoints. We demonstrated that measured Cu concentrations at the test conclusion need to be used to quantify the risk of Cu toxicity because nominal Cu and initial Cu concentrations underestimate overall Cu toxicity by up to 1.5-fold, owing to Cu loss in solution attributable to adsorption and bioaccumulation processes. For the first time we provide evidence that extracellular adsorption to the biological surface of the embryos is the most important sink for total dissolved Cu in a bioassay. We also established that adsorbed extracellular Cu accumulation reduces Cu toxicity to embryos, potentially by inhibiting Cu from entering the cell of the mussel embryo. Environmental factors (e.g., salinity and dissolved organic carbon) did not influence the partitioning of Cu within the laboratory-based bioassay. The present results 1) demonstrate the importance of differentiating extra- and intracellular Cu pools to improve our understanding of Cu toxicity and associated processes, 2) reveal the potential for bias with respect to calculated Cu toxicity thresholds when results are based on nominal and initial Cu concentrations, and 3) point out the need to follow current guidelines for the testing of chemicals to standardize toxicity tests and data reporting. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:561–574. © 2019 SETAC

Abstract

Copper mass-balance of a closed 48-h bioassay with Mytilus galloprovincialis embryos.
Vergleich unterschiedlicher Materialmodelle an einer Aushubsimulation
Authors: Bode Manuel , Schranz Fabian , Medicus Getraud , Fellin Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

Die Wahl eines passenden Materialmodells, das in der Lage ist, das Bodenverhalten bei FE‐Berechnungen realistisch darzustellen, hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die dabei erhaltenen Berechnungsergebnisse. Anhand von Vergleichsrechnungen mit mehreren Materialmodellen sollen die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede bei den Ergebnissen verdeutlicht werden. Hierfür wird ein Baugrubenaushub simuliert und sowohl die auftretenden Verformungen als auch die mittels Parameterreduktion ermittelte Standsicherheit betrachtet. Dabei wird neben den bekannteren Modellen Hardening Soil und der Hypoplastizität die Barodesie als Modell für FE‐Berechnungen vorgestellt. Während sich bei allen Modellen vergleichbare Verformungen einstellen, werden bei der berechneten Standsicherheit deutliche Unterschiede festgestellt.
Mineralogy and geochemical investigation of Cambrian and Ordovician–Silurian shales in South China: Implication for potential environment pollutions
Authors: Xie Guoliang , Liu Shugen , Xia Guodong , Hao Weiduo
Published: January 2019

Rapid expansion of shale gas development in China raises environmental and human health concerns. Several studies present related information on these concerns in the United States and Canada, yet they are few in China at present. This paper presents a series of original and published mineralogical and trace elements data from two gas shales (Niutitang shale and Longmaxi shale) considered as producing gas shale in China. Mineralogical and geochemical data surveyed can be applied to evaluate the potential environment pollutions during shale weathering and hydraulic fracturing. After compilations of the mineralogical and trace elements data, we can conclude that (a) there is generally more pyrite compared with carbonate for Niutitang shales, indicating that Niutitang shales are more prone to generate the hydrogen ions than Longmaxi shales; (b) many of the environmental hazardous trace elements considered here show an association with organic matter and/or pyrite, indicating that these trace elements are prone to mobilize and release during shale weathering and hydraulic fracturing; (c) some environmental hazardous elements like As, Ni, and Ba that have extremely high concentrations in some regions as compared with the screening limits for soil and drinking water should attract more attention; and (d) clay‐rich shale with abundant organic matter may be the most favourable shale gas reservoir for the Niutitang shale, especially for those shales in Lower Yangtze region. Moreover, more mineralogical and geochemical data will be required for a comprehensive environmental impacts assessment.
Petrogenesis and geochemical characteristics of Early Carboniferous sanukitic high‐Mg andesite from Atengtao Mountain, Yili Block: Implications for the tectonic setting during Late Palaeozoic in Chinese West Tianshan
Authors: Wang Zuopeng , Li Yongjun , Yang Gaoxue , Tong Lili , Li Hai , Luo Yaoqing
Published: January 2019

As an important part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Chinese western Tianshan contains voluminous Late Palaeozoic volcanic rocks. Here, we present geochronological, geochemical, and in situ Lu–Hf isotopic data from the Atengtao sanukitic high‐Mg andesites (HMAs) of the western Yili Block. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb analyses indicate that the Atengtao high‐Mg andesites were generated in the Early Carboniferous (346 ± 2 Ma). All the studied rock samples are characterized by high MgO (3.30–5.45 wt.%), SiO2 (53.25–60.10 wt.%), Cr (90.3–157 ppm), and Ni (31.0–46.7 ppm) contents, with geochemical characteristics analogous to those of sanukitoids of the Setouchi Volcanic Belt (SVB), SW Japan, and Bieluagaxi area, West Junggar. The Atengtao sanukitic HMAs are enriched in LILE and LREE but depleted in HFSE, similar to those of typical arc‐related magmatic rocks. They are also characterized by high Nb (11.4–15.8 ppm) concentrations, high Th/La (0.3) and Th/Yb (2.6–4.0) ratios, and varying zircon εHf(t) values (−2.3 to +4.3). These features are suggested to result from the partial melting of a relatively enriched mantle wedge metasomatized by subducting oceanic slab‐derived sediments. Considering the occurrence of sanukitic HMAs, combined with the contemporaneous special rock assemblages (such as slab‐derived adakite, Nb‐enrich basalt, A‐type granite/rhyolite, and bimodal volcanic rocks) found in the western part of Yili Block, we propose that the generation of the Carboniferous sanukitic HMAs in Atengtao Mountain were most likely related to the slab break‐off following the southern Tianshan Ocean slab northward subduction beneath the Yili–Central Tianshan Block. This mechanism not only produces intense magmatism with compositional diversity but also gives rise to a local extension in the western part of Yili Block. The slab break‐off model may play an important role in the crustal growth of the CAOB in Phanerozoic time.
Ocean island basalts and sedimentary units in the accretionary complex of Kochi, SW Japan: Implications for convergent margin tectonics and arc subduction
Authors: Gao Pin , Santosh M. , Nakagawa M. , Li Shan‐Shan
Published: January 2019

Ocean island basalts (OIBs) and associated sedimentary units form part of the ocean plate stratigraphy accreted onto island arcs or continental arcs and provide important insights into convergent margin processes. Here, we investigate some of the typical localities of Sanpozan, Shirakidani, and Kamiananai within the Chichibu composite belt in Kochi, SW Japan, where the accretionary complexes incorporate OIBs and sedimentary rocks that preserve the travelogue of an oceanic plate from a mid‐oceanic ridge (MOR) to subduction zone. We present petrology and geochemistry, as well as zircon U–Pb geochronology and REE data of the accreted OIB and sedimentary formations from Sanpozan, Shirakidani, and Kamiananai. The OIBs are enriched in LILE and LREE and depleted in HREE. The chondrite‐normalised REE patterns of zircon grains from OIBs and sedimentary rocks display LREE depletion and HREE enrichment, sharply positive Ce and Sm anomalies and negative Pr and Eu. LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb geochronology of zircon grains from the OIBs shows three major populations with 206Pb/238U mean ages of 164–456, 724–955, and 1,638–2,202 Ma. The diverse ages suggest heterogeneous recycled source components in the plume‐related upwellings that generated the OIBs, as well as different times of formation and accretion of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic oceanic islands. The dominant population of zircon grains from the sedimentary units shows 206Pb/238U mean ages of 147 and 288 Ma and indicate a major change in the provenance regime with subduction and the disappearance of older arcs attesting to the destruction of continental crust in convergent margins.
Evidence for underuse and overuse of antidepressants in older adults: Results of a large population‐based study
Authors: Boehlen Friederike H. , Freigofas Julia , Herzog Wolfgang , Meid Andreas D. , Saum Kai‐Uwe , Schoettker Ben , Brenner Hermann , Haefeli Walter E. , Wild Beate
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Depression is common among elderly people. However, diagnosis and adequate treatment is frequently difficult. Research on underuse and overuse of antidepressants in elderly persons is scarce. This study investigates the utilization and appropriateness of pharmacological and psychological depression treatment in a large cohort of community‐dwelling adults.

Methods

A subsample of 3117 participants (aged 55‐85 y) of the third follow‐up (2008‐2010) of the large population‐based German ESTHER study was included. Depression was assessed using the eight‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐8). In the course of a home visit, study doctors collected complete information on medication. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship of depression with both underuse and overuse of antidepressants. The analyses were then adjusted for socioeconomic variables, psychosomatic comorbidities, and motivation to seek help.

Results

One hundred sixty‐three participants (5.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5‐6.1) fulfilled the criteria for major depression. Underuse of antidepressants was present in 126 depressed participants (77.3%; 70.1‐83.5). Persons who were motivated to seek help, who had an established depression diagnosis, or who were taking more than five different medications had lower odds of underuse. Anxiety was associated with higher odds for underuse. Overuse of antidepressants (prescription without clinical indication) was found in 96 cases (41.7%; 35.3‐48.4) of all antidepressant prescriptions.

Conclusions

Depression treatment in older adults is frequently insufficient; it appears to depend on diagnosis as well as the patients' motivation to seek help. Education regarding the diagnosis of depression in the elderly as well as guidelines for appropriate treatment is needed.
Platforms without borders? The international strategies of digital platform firms
Authors: Stallkamp Maximilian , Schotter Andreas P. J.
Published: January 2019

Research Summary: Digitalization has enabled firms with so‐called platform business models to emerge in many sectors of the economy. By facilitating transactions between different groups of users (e.g., buyers and sellers), platform firms are disrupting industries around the world. However, little is known about the international strategies of platform firms, as research has mostly examined platforms in single‐country contexts. We address this gap by integrating insights from platform research in strategy and economics—specifically the notion of network externalities—with internalization theory. We extend the existing typology of network externalities by distinguishing between within‐country and cross‐country network externalities. We derive testable propositions regarding the foreign entry modes of platform firms, their international strategic posture (multidomestic vs. globally integrated), as well as foreign market selection criteria and market exit.

Managerial Summary: Many companies in the digital economy operate platform business models, which create value by connecting different groups of users, such as buyers and sellers. We examine how network externalities—the notion that a platform becomes more valuable to each user as more users join—influence the international expansion of these firms. We show that it is important to consider the geographic scope of network externalities, that is, whether network externalities operate across national borders or whether platform firms have to create separate user networks in each country. The distinction between within‐country and cross‐country network externalities affects key internationalization decisions, such as how to enter foreign markets, whether to pursue multidomestic or global strategies, how to select foreign markets, and when to exit from a foreign market.
Moral contagion: Devaluation effect of immorality on hypothetical judgments of economic value
Authors: Liu Jie , Liao Chong , Lu Juanzhi , Luo Yue‐jia , Cui Fang
Published: January 2019

Moral contagion is a phenomenon in which individuals or objects take on the moral essence of the people who are associated with them. Previous studies have found that individuals value objects associated with moral and likable people more than those associated with immoral and dislikable people. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this “moral contagion effect” have not yet been explored. In the present study, we combined a novel “Second‐hand Goods Pricing” paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging to (a) confirm the existence of the moral contagion effect on the hypothetical economic valuation of objects and (b) determine the neural substrates underlying it. Participants were shown second‐hand goods, information regarding the moral valence of the previous owner, and an initial price assigned to the object by computer. The participants were then asked to adjust the initial price to one they deemed most reasonable. Behaviorally, we found a significant devaluation effect for immoral owners and a weaker reverse effect for moral owners. Imaging data showed that the devaluation effect was primarily driven by neural responses in the dorsal striatum (mainly the caudate nucleus) that were triggered by high initial prices assigned to the “contaminated” objects. Dynamic causal modeling revealed that the high initial price assigned to “contaminated” objects led to increased effective connectivity from the caudate nucleus to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex—the brain area that integrates values during decision making.
The effect of prescription drug insurance on health behavior: Evidence from Medicare Part D
Authors: Asfaw Abraham Abebe
Published: January 2019

This paper provides empirical evidence on the health behavior effect of prescription drug insurance. Using the difference in the regression discontinuity research design, I compare health behavior changes at age 65 before and after the introduction of Medicare Part D. I find that the implementation of Medicare Part D increased prescription drug insurance coverage and reduced out‐of‐pocket spending per prescription and the use of cardiovascular and metabolic therapeutic class drugs. I also find that Medicare Part D led to a 6.36 percentage point decrease in the probability of engaging in moderate physical exercise and a 27.4 percentage point decrease in the amount of time spent on moderate physical activity. It also increased the probability of being overweight by 5.75 percentage points. Its effects on vigorous and muscle‐strengthening exercise both at the extensive and intensive margins, obesity, BMI, and cigarette consumption are not statistically significant.
Department of Veterans Affairs Consensus: Preradiation dental treatment guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: White Jill M. , Panchal Neeraj H. , Wehler Carolyn J. , Bestgen Susan C. , Colón José E. , Desai Hemal G. , Hogue Christie M. , Marianne Jurasic M. , Maritim Beatrice C. , Ortega Alejandra P. , Smith Gregory M. , Taylor Jeffery Y. , Gibson Gretchen
Published: January 2019

Few protocols have been published for the dental management of patients with head and neck cancer to prevent complications from head and neck radiation therapy. Radiation therapy not only affects the tumor cells targeted, but also the dentition, bone, salivary gland, and oral soft tissue structures. A comprehensive dental evaluation prior to head and neck radiation therapy can help prevent many complications. The following clinical guidelines were established by a workgroup of oral health providers within the Department of Veterans Affairs. This workgroup focused on developing a set of recommendations regarding dental care prior to the initiation of head and neck radiation therapy based on the best clinical evidence and expert consensus. A systematic algorithm was developed for the evaluation including pre‐exam data gathering, examination, education, and treatment, followed by maintenance and postradiation dental follow‐up. This document is evidence‐based, patient‐centered, consistent with accepted practices of care and safety, and in accordance with applicable statutes and regulations.
Classification of tumors by imaging diagnosis and preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytology in 120 patients with tumors in the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Matsuki Takashi , Miura Kouki , Tada Yuichiro , Masubuchi Tatsuo , Fushimi Chihiro , Kanno Chihiro , Takahashi Hideaki , Kamata Shinetsu , Okamoto Isaku , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Yamashita Taku
Published: January 2019

Background

Tumors in the parapharyngeal space are rare, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of anatomical and histological complexity.

Methods

To evaluate the usefulness of preoperative diagnosis, we compared the classification of tumor localization in the prestyloid and retrostyloid compartments by imaging and preoperative cytological diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology with the postoperative histopathological diagnosis in 120 patients with tumors in the parapharyngeal space.

Results

Tumors were located in the prestyloid and retrostyloid compartments in 68 and 52 patients, respectively. The majority of histopathological diagnoses in the prestyloid and retrostyloid compartments were pleomorphic adenoma and schwannoma, respectively. All malignant tumors were in the prestyloid compartment. The preoperative cytological diagnostic rate for benign or malignant tumor was 95.2%, which was not inferior to that for other head and neck lesions.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that the preoperative classification of tumor localization and cytological diagnosis improved the accuracy of presumptive diagnosis.
Oncolytic Sendai virus‐induced tumor‐specific immunoresponses suppress “simulated metastasis” of squamous cell carcinoma in an immunocompetent mouse model
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Araki Koji , Tanaka Shingo , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Suzuki Hiroshi , Kamide Daisuke , Tomifuji Masayuki , Uno Kosuke , Harada Eiko , Yamashita Taku , Ueda Yasuji , Inoue Makoto , Shiotani Akihiro
Published: January 2019

Background

The objectives of this study were to demonstrate anti‐metastatic effect of BioKnife, uPA activity‐dependent oncolytic Sendai virus, after BioKnife treatment for primary tumor, and analyze its mechanisms in a simulated metastasis mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

We established a simulated metastasis mouse model using a murine HNSCC cell line “SCCVII.” We assessed a tumor size and an induction of tumor‐specific immunoresponses using cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) assay, flow cytometry (FCM) in spleen and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in secondary tumor.

Results

Secondary tumors were significantly smaller in BioKnife‐treated group. CTL activities were significantly improved in BioKnife group. FCM revealed that induction of dendritic cells and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in BioKnife group. IHC showed that CD8+ lymphocytes invaded secondary tumor.

Conclusion

Tumor‐specific immunoresponses induced by BioKnife has great potential to be a novel, safe, and less invasive option for control and prevention of metastasis.
Zero‐sum thinking as mediator of the relationship of national attitudes with (un)willingness to host refugees in own country
Authors: Piotrowski Jarosław , Różycka‐Tran Joanna , Baran Tomasz , Żemojtel‐Piotrowska Magdalena
Published: January 2019

This study examines factors related to willingness to host refugees. We examined the role of national attitudes (patriotism, nationalism), out‐group attitudes (classic and modern prejudice), and zero‐sum thinking: Belief in a Zero‐Sum Game and psychological entitlement in attitudes towards hosting refugees. We proposed including zero‐sum thinking as possible mediator between national attitudes and attitudes towards refugees based on assumption that nationalism is a competitive attitude towards out‐groups, while patriotism does not. Structural equation modelling based on a Polish national sample (N = 1092) revealed that patriotism is positively associated with willingness to host refugees, through its negative association with prejudice via decreasing zero‐sum thinking. Nationalism was negatively associated with willingness to host refugees, through prejudice via increasing zero‐sum thinking. Findings are discussed in the context of current refugee policies.
Adolescents' willingness to help with peer victimisation in Taiwan: The role of individual and situation‐specific characteristics
Authors: Ma Ting‐Lan
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate adolescent bystanders' willingness to help and specific help responses as predicted by both individual characteristics (e.g., gender, empathy, victimisation experiences) and situation‐specific characteristics (i.e., bystander's relationship with the victim and the presence of another bystander). The study used an experimental vignette method with a sample of Taiwanese adolescents. Participants included 730 seventh graders (49% girls, mean age 12.8 years) attending one middle school in a southern city in Taiwan. Results show that both individual characteristics (e.g., gender, empathy) and a situation‐specific characteristic (i.e., the relationship a participant had with the victim) predicted adolescents' willingness to help. However, only individual characteristics predicted adolescents' specific help responses including telling the teacher, telling the bully to stop, and comforting the victims. Directions for future research and implications for interventions and prevention programs are discussed.
Early childhood education and crime
Authors: García Jorge Luis , Heckman James J. , Ziff Anna L.
Published: January 2019

This article presents new evidence on the crime‐reducing impacts of a high‐quality, intensive early childhood program with long‐term follow‐up, evaluated by a randomized controlled trial. Proportionately, more women than men decrease their criminal activity after participating in the program. This gender difference arises because of the worse home environments for girls, with corresponding greater scope for improvement by the program. For both genders, treatment effects are larger for the least‐advantaged children, as measured by their mother's education at baseline. The dollar value of the social cost of criminal activity averted is higher for men because they commit more costly violent crimes.
Sex differences in the development of physical aggression: An intergenerational perspective and implications for preventive interventions
Authors: Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M.
Published: January 2019

This article reviews the state of knowledge on the development of chronic physical aggression (CPA), with the aim of identifying the most effective prevention strategies. We specifically focus on the early development of physical aggression, on sex differences in the use of physical aggression, and on the transmission of behavior problems from one generation to the other. The body of research on the development of CPA from the past three decades that we review shows increasing evidence that its prevention requires a long‐term biopsychosocial developmental approach which also must include an intergenerational perspective. Recent genetic and epigenetic research has indicated that there are both important genetic and environmental effects on gene expression which start at conception. We conclude that one of the most effective strategies to break the intergenerational transmission of CPA involves giving long‐term support to pregnant women with a history of behavior problems, their spouse, and their offspring.
The use of Delft3D for Irrigation Systems Simulations
Authors: Theol Shaimaa A. , Jagers Bert , Suryadi F.X. , de Fraiture Charlotte
Published: January 2019

Irrigation systems performance and sustainability are affected by sediment deposition. Cohesive sediment (suspended load) is an important problem in irrigation canals and its behaviour is significantly different from that of non‐cohesive sediment (bed load). Most studies on sedimentation in irrigation systems deal with non‐cohesive sediment. Studies on cohesive sediments are mostly done in rivers and estuaries, but not in irrigation canals. The few existing studies on cohesive sediment in irrigation canals are limited by their use of 1D models. Therefore, in this study we test whether an existing 3D model that was designed for rivers and estuaries can be used in irrigation canals. Delft3D was identified as a suitable model. Simulations were done for different sizes and configurations of the irrigation network. After some adaptations to the model, the simulations of different scenarios provided promising results. From a hydrodynamic and morphological point of view the Delft3D model was able to realistically represent water and sediment flows in a hypothetical canal set‐up, consisting of a main canal, a branch canal and several hydraulic structures. Some challenges remain in the use of Delft3D for irrigation canals, in particular regarding wall roughness in small rectangular canals and computation times for complex systems. However, these challenges are not insurmountable and the advantages of using Delft3D are clearly shown in this paper. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
School Counselors, Multiple Student Deaths, and Grief: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Hannon Michael D. , Mohabir Raman K. , Cleveland Richard E. , Hunt Brandon
Published: January 2019

A team of 5 school counselors were interviewed to learn how they professionally and personally experienced the deaths of multiple students in 1 year in their school while attending to the needs of the school community. By using narrative inquiry, 5 themes emerged from the analysis: gravity of the losses, logistics of care, personal vs. professional conflicts, increased student cohesion, and efficacy. Recommendations for counselor preparation, research, and counseling practice are offered.
eSHAFTS: Integrated and graphical drug design software based on 3D molecular similarity
Authors: He Gaoqi , Song Yiping , Wei Wenhao , Wang Xia , Lu Xingjian , Li Honglin
Published: January 2019

With the development of computer technology, computer‐aided drug design (CADD) has become an important means for drug research and development, and its representative method is virtual screening. Various virtual screening platforms have emerged in an endless stream and play great roles in the field of drug discovery. With the increasing number of compound molecules, virtual screening platforms face two challenges: low fluency and low visibility of software operations. In this article, we present an integrated and graphical drug design software eSHAFTS based on three‐dimensional (3D) molecular similarity to overcome these shortcomings. Compared with other software, eSHAFTS has four main advantages, which are integrated molecular editing and drawing, interactive loading and analysis of proteins, multithread and multimode 3D molecular similarity calculation, and multidimensional information visualization. Experiments have verified its convenience, usability, and reliability. By using eSHAFTS, various tasks can be submitted and visualized in one desktop software without locally installing any dependent plug‐ins or software. The software installation package can be downloaded for free at http://lilab.ecust.edu.cn/home/resource.html. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small molecule of sphingosine as a rescue of dopaminergic cells: A cell therapy approach in neurodegenerative diseases therapeutics
Authors: Tavakol Shima , Hoveizi Elham , Tavakol Behnaz , Azedi Fereshteh , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Keyhanvar Peyman , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi
Published: January 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients should take medication such as fingolimod (FTY‐720) for a long time, hence pharmaceutical effects on other neural cells such as dopaminergic cells are important. Dopaminergic cell line, BE(2)‐M17, was treated by FTY‐720 and then cell viability and genes involve in neurosurvival were investigated. It was disclosed that FTY‐720 significantly stimulates Bcl2 overexpression. Whereas, it decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production and cell membrane damage of dopaminergic cells. The increase in Bcl2/Bax ratio increased the cell metabolic activity and decreased propidium iodide‐positive cells. Besides, FTY‐720 induced the overexpression of CACNA1C, nNOS gene, and nitric oxide production. However, FTY‐720 induced GABARA1 overexpression and eventually it could overcame to the cytotoxic effect of intracellular calcium. This cascade led to tyrosine hydroxylase and BDNF genes overexpression whereas FTY‐720 did not change GDNF concentration in BE(2)‐M17 cells. Concluding, it might be said that taking FTY‐720 in MS patients did not induce adverse effect on dopaminergic cells.