bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGALAMAN KERJA TERHADAP KOMPETENSI GURU PAUD YANG BERLATAR BELAKANG BUKAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Audysia Rifa Charisma Sakti  , Nio Suci Rahma
Published: January 2024

Paud merupakan pendidikan tahap awal pada anak usia dini yang membutuhkan guru dengan kompetensi yang bagus. Kompetensi yang bagus biasanya didapatkan dari latar belakang pendidikan yang sesuai dengan kerjaan. Akan tetapi, banyak guru paud yang latar belakang pendidikannya idak sesuai dengan kualifikasi yang telah ditentukan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ingin melihat faktor dalam peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam segi pengalaman kerja. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling. Sampel yang diambil yaitu guru paud yang berlatar belakang bukan pendidikan di kecamatan padang selatan, padang timur, padang utara. variabel X nya pengalaman kerja dan variabel Y kompetensi guru. Analisis yang digunakan korelasional product moment. Hasil penelitiannya yaitu kompetensi guru paud pada kecamatan padang timur, selatan dan utara berada pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase 74,2%. pengalaman kerja yang dimilikipun berada pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase 73%. Nilai koefisien korelasionalnya ialah 0,082 dengan signifikansi 0,52 yang artinya nilai p 0,05. hasil tersebut menyatakan bahwa antara 2 variabel tersebut tidak signifikan. implikasi pada penelitian ini bahwa pengalaman kerja tidak mempengaruhi kompetensi guru paud yang berlatar belakang bukan pendidikan.
PERBEDAAN STRES PADA MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI KEPEMILIKAN HEWAN PELIHARAAN
Authors: Winda Tiara  , Yusra Zulmi
Published: January 2024

Stres merupakan kondisi yang rentan dialami mahasiswa. Stres adalah kondisi emosional negatif yang muncul ketika individu mengalami tekanan dan situasi lingkungan yang mengancam. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya stres adalah kurangnya dukungan sosial. Selain dari keluarga, teman ataupun pasangan, hewan peliharaan juga dapat dijadikan sebagai tokoh yang dapat memberikan dukungan sosial. Penelitian deskriptif komparatif dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan stres pada mahasiswa ditinjau dari kepemilikan hewan peliharaan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 200 orang mahasiswa aktif Universitas Negeri Padang dimana 100 orang merupakan pemilik hewan peliharaan dan 100 orang bukan pemilik hewan peliharaan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik accidental sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji statistik analisis independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi  didapatkan sebesar 0,091 > 0,05 yang artinya bahwa hipotesis nol (H0) diterima dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada stres mahasiswa yang ditinjau dari kepemilikan hewan peliharaan.
PENGARUH ADVERSITY QUOTIENT TERHADAP KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI DUNIA KERJA PADA FRESH GRADUATE DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Sofya Indah , Aulia Prima , Nio Suci Rahma , Guspa Anindra
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh adversity quotient terhadap kecemasan menghadapi dunia kerja pada fresh graduate di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain kuantitatif korelasional. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 273 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan skala kecemasan yang disusun berdasarkan aspek kecemasan menurut Greenberger & Padesky (2016), serta skala adversity quotient disusun berdasarkan aspek yang dikembangkan oleh Stoltz (2000). Hasil analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana dan didapatkan hasil bahwa adversity quotient berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kecemasan menghadapi dunia kerja pada fresh graduate di Kota Padang.
HUBUNGAN SELF DISCLOSURE DENGAN WORK FAMILY CONFLICT PADA PASANGAN DUAL EARNER DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Maharani Puan , Dwatra Free Dirga , Hartati Niken , Nio Suci Rahma
Published: January 2024

Ketidakseimbangan dalam menjalankan tugas keluarga dan pekerjaan secara bersamaan dapat memicu timbulnya work family conflict pada individu. Work family conflict merupakan konflik intrapersonal yang timbul karena ketidakmampuan individu dalam memenuhi tugas-tugas dalam dua peran sekaligus. Self disclosure diketahui dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi work family conflict yang dialami oleh individu, karena self disclosure dapat mengurangi beban yang dialami oleh individu akibat mengalami work family conflict. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan self disclosure dengan work family conflict pada pasangan dual earner. Subjek penelitian adalah pasangan suami dan istri yang sama-sama bekerja dan memiliki anak. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 112 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan metode analisis korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan self disclosure dengan work family conflict pada pasangan dual earner.
Organelle proteomic profiling reveals lysosomal heterogeneity in association with longevity
Authors: Yu Yong , Gao Shihong M , Guan Youchen , Hu Pei-Wen , Zhang Qinghao , Liu Jiaming , Jing Bentian , Zhao Qian , Sabatini David M , Abu-Remaileh Monther , Jung Sung Yun , Wang Meng C
Published: January 2024

Lysosomes are active sites to integrate cellular metabolism and signal transduction. A collection of proteins associated with the lysosome mediate these metabolic and signaling functions. Both lysosomal metabolism and lysosomal signaling have been linked to longevity regulation; however, how lysosomes adjust their protein composition to accommodate this regulation remains unclear. Using deep proteomic profiling, we systemically profiled lysosome-associated proteins linked with four different longevity mechanisms. We discovered the lysosomal recruitment of AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoporin proteins and their requirements for longevity in response to increased lysosomal lipolysis. Through comparative proteomic analyses of lysosomes from different tissues and labeled with different markers, we further elucidated lysosomal heterogeneity across tissues as well as the increased enrichment of the Ragulator complex on Cystinosin-positive lysosomes. Together, this work uncovers lysosomal proteome heterogeneity across multiple scales and provides resources for understanding the contribution of lysosomal protein dynamics to signal transduction, organelle crosstalk, and organism longevity.
SNAP25 disease mutations change the energy landscape for synaptic exocytosis due to aberrant SNARE interactions
Authors: Kádková Anna , Murach Jacqueline , Østergaard Maiken , Malsam Andrea , Malsam Jörg , Lolicato Fabio , Nickel Walter , Söllner Thomas H. , Sørensen Jakob B.
Published: January 2024

SNAP25 is one of three neuronal SNAREs driving synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We studied three mutations in SNAP25 that cause epileptic encephalopathy: V48F, and D166Y in the Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) binding interface, and I67N, which destabilizes the SNARE-complex. All three mutations reduced Syt1-dependent vesicle docking to SNARE-carrying liposomes and Ca
2+
-stimulated membrane fusion
in vitro
and in neurons. The V48F and D166Y mutants (with potency D166Y > V48F) led to reduced Readily Releasable Pool (RRP) size, due to increased spontaneous (mEPSC) release and decreased priming rates. These mutations lowered the energy barrier for fusion and increased the release probability, which are gain-of-function features not found in
Syt1
knockout (KO) neurons; normalized mEPSC release rates were higher (potency D166Y>V48F) than in the
Syt1
KO. These mutations (potency D166Y > V48F) increased spontaneous association to partner SNAREs, resulting in unregulated membrane fusion. In contrast, the I67N mutant decreased mEPSC frequency and evoked EPSC amplitudes due to an increase in the apparent height of the energy barrier for fusion, whereas the RRP size was unaffected. This could be partly compensated by positive charges lowering the energy barrier. Overall, pathogenic mutations in SNAP25 cause complex changes in the energy landscape for priming and fusion.
Resident and recruited macrophages differentially contribute to cardiac healing after myocardial ischemia
Authors: Weinberger Tobias , Messerer Denise , Joppich Markus , Fischer Max , Garcia Clarisabel , Kumaraswami Konda , Wimmler Vanessa , Ablinger Sonja , Räuber Saskia , Fang Jiahui , Liu Lulu , Liu Wing Han , Winterhalter Julia , Lichti Johannes , Tomas Lukas , Esfandyari Dena , Percin Guelce , Salamanca Sandra Martin , Hidalgo Andres , Waskow Claudia , Engelhardt Stefan , Todica Andrei , Zimmer Ralf , Pridans Clare , Gomez-Perdiguero Elisa , Schulz Christian
Published: January 2024

Cardiac macrophages are heterogenous in phenotype and functions, which has been associated with differences in their ontogeny. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the precise role of different subsets of macrophages in ischemia/reperfusion injury remains incomplete. We here investigated macrophage lineages and ablated tissue macrophages in homeostasis and after I/R injury in a CSF1R-dependent manner. Genomic deletion of a fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE) in the Csf1r locus resulted in specific absence of resident homeostatic and antigen-presenting macrophages, without affecting the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the infarcted heart. Specific absence of homeostatic, monocyte-independent macrophages altered the immune cell crosstalk in response to injury and induced proinflammatory neutrophil polarization, resulting in impaired cardiac remodelling without influencing infarct size. In contrast, continuous CSF1R inhibition led to depletion of both resident and recruited macrophage populations. This augmented adverse remodelling after I/R and led to an increased infarct size and deterioration of cardiac function. In summary, resident macrophages orchestrate inflammatory responses improving cardiac remodelling, while recruited macrophages determine infarct size after I/R injury. These findings attribute distinct beneficial effects to different macrophage populations in the context of myocardial infarction.
Deep Batch Active Learning for Drug Discovery
Authors: Bailey Michael , Moayedpour Saeed , Li Ruijiang , Corrochano-Navarro Alejandro , Kötter Alexander , Kogler-Anele Lorenzo , Riahi Saleh , Grebner Christoph , Hessler Gerhard , Matter Hans , Bianciotto Marc , Mas Pablo , Bar-Joseph Ziv , Jager Sven
Published: January 2024

A key challenge in drug discovery is to optimize, in silico, various absorption and affinity properties of small molecules. One strategy that was proposed for such optimization process is active learning. In active learning molecules are selected for testing based on their likelihood of improving model performance. To enable the use of active learning with advanced neural network models we developed two novel active learning batch selection methods. These methods were tested on several public datasets for different optimization goals and with different sizes. We have also curated new affinity datasets that provide chronological information on state-of-the-art experimental strategy. As we show, for all datasets the new active learning methods greatly improved on existing and current batch selection methods leading to significant potential saving in the number of experiments needed to reach the same model performance. Our methods are general and can be used with any package including the popular DeepChem library.
High-resolution kinetics of herbivore-induced plant volatile transfer reveal clocked response patterns in neighboring plants
Authors: Waterman Jamie M. , Cofer Tristan M. , Wang Lei , Glauser Gaétan , Erb Matthias
Published: January 2024

Volatiles emitted by herbivore-attacked plants (senders) can enhance defenses in neighboring plants (receivers), with important consequences for community dynamics. However, the temporal dynamics of this phenomenon remain poorly studied. Using a custom-built, high- throughput proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) system, we explored temporal patterns of volatile transfer and responses between herbivore-attacked and undamaged maize plants. We found that continuous exposure to natural blends of herbivore-induced volatiles results in clocked temporal response patterns in neighboring plants, characterized by an induced terpene burst at the onset of the second day of exposure. This delayed burst is not explained by terpene accumulation during the night, but coincides with delayed jasmonate accumulation in receiver plants. The delayed burst occurs independent of day : night light transitions and cannot be fully explained by sender volatile dynamics. Instead, it is the result of a stress memory from volatile exposure during the first day and secondary exposure to bioactive volatiles on the second day. Our study reveals that prolonged exposure to natural blends of stress-induced volatiles results in a response that integrates priming and direct induction into a distinct and predictable temporal response pattern. This provides an answer to the long-standing question of whether stress volatiles predominantly induce or prime plant defenses in neighboring plants, by revealing that they can do both in sequence.
Regulation of chromatin architecture by transcription factor binding
Authors: Portillo-Ledesma Stephanie , Chung Suckwoo , Hoffman Jill , Schlick Tamar
Published: January 2024

Transcription factors (TF) bind to chromatin and regulate the expression of genes. The pair Myc:Max binds to E-box regulatory DNA elements throughout the genome to control the transcription of a large group of specific genes. We introduce an implicit modeling protocol for Myc:Max binding to mesoscale chromatin fibers at nucleosome resolution to determine TF effect on chromatin architecture and shed light into its mechanism of gene regulation. We first bind Myc:Max to different chromatin locations and show how it can direct fiber folding and formation of microdomains, and how this depends on the linker DNA length. Second, by simulating increasing concentrations of Myc:Max binding to fibers that differ in the DNA linker length, linker histone density, and acetylation levels, we assess the interplay between Myc:Max and other chromatin internal parameters. Third, we study the mechanism of gene silencing by Myc:Max binding to the Eed gene loci. Overall, our results show how chromatin architecture can be regulated by TF binding. The position of TF binding dictates the formation of microdomains that appear visible only at the ensemble level. At the same time, the level of linker histone and tail acetylation, or different linker DNA lengths, regulates the concentration-dependent effect of TF binding. Furthermore, we show how TF binding can repress gene expression by increasing fiber folding motifs that help compact and occlude the promoter region. Importantly, this effect can be reversed by increasing linker histone density. Overall, these results shed light on the epigenetic control of the genome dictated by TF binding.
Auxin exposure disrupts feeding behavior and fatty acid metabolism in adult Drosophila
Authors: Fleck Sophie A , Biswas Puja , DeWitt Emily D , Knuteson Rebecca L , Eisman Robert C , Nemkov Travis , D'Alessandro Angelo , Tennessen Jason M , Rideout Elizabeth , Weaver Lesley N
Published: January 2024

The ease of genetic manipulation in Drosophila melanogaster using the Gal4/UAS system has been beneficial in addressing key biological questions. Current modifications of this methodology to temporally induce transgene expression require temperature changes or exposure to exogenous compounds, both of which have been shown to have detrimental effects on physiological processes. The recently described auxin-inducible gene expression system (AGES) utilizes the plant hormone auxin to induce transgene expression and is proposed to be the least toxic compound for genetic manipulation, with no obvious effects on Drosophila development and survival in one wild-type strain. Here, we show that auxin delays larval development in another widely used fly strain, and that short- and long-term auxin exposure in adult Drosophila induces observable changes in physiology and feeding behavior. We further reveal a dosage response to adult survival upon auxin exposure, and that the recommended auxin concentration for AGES alters feeding activity. Furthermore, auxin-fed male and female flies exhibit a significant decrease in triglyceride levels and display altered transcription of fatty acid metabolism genes. Although fatty acid metabolism is disrupted, auxin does not significantly impact adult female fecundity or progeny survival, suggesting AGES may be an ideal methodology for studying limited biological processes. These results emphasize that experiments using temporal binary systems must be carefully designed and controlled to avoid confounding effects and misinterpretation of results.
Inter-regional delays fluctuate in the human cerebral cortex
Authors: Moon Joon-Young , Müsch Kathrin , Schroeder Charles E. , Valiante Taufik A. , Honey Christopher J.
Published: January 2024

The flow of information between cortical regions depends on the excitability at each site, which is reflected in fluctuating field potentials. It remains uncertain how global changes in field potentials affect the latency and strength of cortico-cortical couplings. Therefore, we measured changes in oscillations and inter-regional couplings by recording intracranially from the human cerebral cortex. As participants listened to an auditory narrative, global increases in low-frequency (4-14 Hz) power were associated with stronger and more delayed inter-regional couplings. Conversely, increases in broadband high-frequency power were associated with weaker coupling and zero lag. In network oscillator models, these changes in cortico-cortical latency can be generated by varying the effective influence of inter-regional projections relative to intra-regional dynamics. Altogether, low-frequency oscillations appear to modulate information flow across the human cerebral cortex, as they covary with the timing of peak excitability between regions, and this process may be regulated by nonspecific ascending projections.
The role of heterochronic gene expression and regulatory architecture in early developmental divergence
Authors: Harry Nathan D. , Zakas Christina
Published: January 2024

New developmental programs can evolve through adaptive changes to gene expression. The annelid
Streblospio benedicti
has a developmental dimorphism, which provides a unique intraspecific framework for understanding the earliest genetic changes that take place during developmental divergence. Using comparative RNAseq through ontogeny, we find that only a small proportion of genes are differentially expressed at any time, despite major differences in larval development and life-history. These genes shift expression profiles across morphs by either turning off any expression in one morph or changing the timing or amount of gene expression. We directly connect the contributions of these mechanisms to differences in developmental processes. We examine F
1
offspring— using reciprocal crosses— to determine maternal mRNA inheritance and the regulatory architecture of gene expression. These results highlight the importance of both novel gene expression and heterochronic shifts in developmental evolution, as well as the
trans
-acting regulatory factors in initiating divergence.
Identification of a third myosin-5a-melanophilin interaction that mediates the association of myosin-5a with melanosomes
Authors: Pan Jiabin , Zhou Rui , Yao Lin-Lin , Zhang Jie , Zhang Ning , Cao Qing-Juan , Sun Shaopeng , Li Xiang-dong
Published: January 2024

Transport and localization of melanosome at the periphery region of melanocyte are depended on myosin-5a (Myo5a), which associates with melanosome by interacting with its adaptor protein melanophilin (Mlph). Mlph contains four functional regions, including Rab27a-binding domain, Myo5a GTD-binding motif (GTBM), Myo5a exon F-binding domain (EFBD), and actin-binding domain (ABD). The association of Myo5a with Mlph is known to be mediated by two specific interactions: the interaction between the exon-F-encoded region of Myo5a and Mlph-EFBD and that between Myo5a-GTD and Mlph-GTBM. Here, we identify a third interaction between Myo5a and Mlph, that is, the interaction between the exon-G-encoded region of Myo5a and Mlph-ABD. The exon-G/ABD interaction is independent from the exon-F/EFBD interaction and is required for the association of Myo5a with melanosome. Moreover, we demonstrate that Mlph-ABD interacts with either the exon-G or actin filament, but cannot interact with both of them simultaneously. Based on above findings, we propose a new model for the Mlph-mediated Myo5a transportation of melanosomes.
Melanophilin mediates the association of myosin-5a with melanosome via three distinct interactions
Authors: Pan Jiabin , Zhou Rui , Yao Lin-Lin , Zhang Jie , Zhang Ning , Cao Qin-Juan , Sun Shaopeng , Li Xiang-dong
Published: January 2024

Transport and localization of melanosome at the periphery region of melanocyte are depended on myosin-5a (Myo5a), which associates with melanosome by interacting with its adaptor protein melanophilin (Mlph). Mlph contains four functional regions, including Rab27a-binding domain, Myo5a GTD-binding motif (GTBM), Myo5a exon F-binding domain (EFBD), and actin-binding domain (ABD). The association of Myo5a with Mlph is known to be mediated by two specific interactions: the interaction between the exon-F-encoded region of Myo5a and Mlph-EFBD and that between Myo5a-GTD and Mlph-GTBM. Here, we identify a third interaction between Myo5a and Mlph, i.e., the interaction between the exon-G-encoded region of Myo5a and Mlph-ABD. The exon-G/ABD interaction is independent from the exon-F/EFBD interaction and is required for the association of Myo5a with melanosome. Moreover, we demonstrate that Mlph-ABD interacts with either the exon-G or actin filament, but cannot interact with both of them simultaneously. Based on above findings, we propose a new model for the Mlph-mediated Myo5a transportation of melanosomes.
Four new complete mitochondrial genomes of Gobioninae fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Tang Yongtao , Ma Wenwen , Chen Xin , Nie Guoxing , Zhou Chuanjiang
Published: January 2024

The subfamily Gobioninae is one of the most diverse fish groups within Cyprinidae. Their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are not completely resolved. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenome) of four Gobioninae species (Microphysogobio elongatus,Microphysogobio chinssuensis,Gobio rivuloidesandRhinogobio nasutus) were sequenced and compared. The mitogenomes of four species ranges from 16603 bp to 16609 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. Most PCGs had significant codon usage bias. Except for the tRNASer(GCT), all the nucleotide substitutions of tRNA loops higher than the stems could fold into a stable secondary structure. The nucleotide compositions of Gobioninae mitogenome were biased toward A/T, and NAD4 was subjected to low purification selection and had a faster evolution rate among 13 PCGs. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses showed the consistent results. The four sequenced species clustered together with their congener species. However, more samples and mitogenome data are needed to untangle the phylogenetic relationships among generaMicrophysogobio,Romanogobio,Hugobio,BiwiaandPlatysmacheilus.
Study of miRNA and lymphocyte subsets as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Li Jinpeng , Chen Zixi , Li Qian , Liu Rongrong , Zheng Jin , Gu Qing , Xiang Fenfen , Li Xiaoxiao , Zhang Mengzhe , Kang Xiangdong , Wu Rong
Published: January 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the expression of miRNA and lymphocyte subsets in the blood of gastric cancer (GC) patients, elucidate their clinical significance in GC, and establish novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of GC.

Methods

The expression of miRNAs in the serum of GC patients was screened using second-generation sequencing and detected using qRT-PCR. The correlation between miRNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients was analyzed, and molecular markers for predicting cancer were identified. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in GC patients compared to healthy individuals. The correlations between differential lymphocyte subsets, clinicopathological features of GC patients, and their prognosis were analyzed statistically.

Results

The study revealed that hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, and hsa-miR-296-5p were expressed at lower levels in the blood of GC patients, which is consistent with miRNA-seq findings. The AUC values of hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, and hsa-miR-296-5p were found to be effective predictors of GC occurrence. Additionally, hsa-miR-296-5p was found to be negatively correlated with CA724. Furthermore, hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, and hsa-miR-296-5p were found to be associated with the stage of the disease and were closely linked to the clinical pathology of GC. The lower the levels of these miRNAs, the greater the clinical stage of the tumor and the worse the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Finally, the study found that patients with GC had lower absolute numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and lymphocytes compared to healthy individuals. The quantity of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the level of the tumor marker CEA were shown to be negatively correlated. The ROC curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lymphocyte subsets can effectively predict gastric carcinogenesis and prognosis.

Conclusion

These miRNAs such as hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, hsa-miR-296-5p and lymphocyte subsets such as the absolute numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, lymphocytes are down-regulated in GC and are closely related to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients. They may serve as new molecular markers for predicting the early diagnosis and prognosis of GC patients.
Biological invasions in intermittent rivers and streams: current knowledge, and future frontiers
Authors: Guareschi Simone , South Josie
Published: January 2024

Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) have been overlooked in invasion science as the characteristic drying - wetting regimes are assumed to be a barrier to invasion processes. Flow contraction/cessation limits the persistence and success of water-dependent invasive alien species (IAS) in most IRES, while flash floods may restrict limnophilic and strictly terrestrial ones. However, IRES are subject to multiple anthropogenic stressors that could ultimately favour the arrival and spread of IAS and their mosaic of dynamic habitats may theoretically support both terrestrial and aquatic IAS. Successful IAS are characterised by adaptations, traits and life histories which facilitate rapid, opportunistic exploitation of habitats and resources. Here, the potential invasibility of IRES is discussed along with a summary of current knowledge gaps, examples and challenges across different continents. IAS in IRES should be considered a cause for concern but also an intriguing study system to understand the mechanics of biological invasions under global change.
A Study on Income, Expenditure and Resource Use Pattern of Paddy in Tiruvannamalai District
Authors: Elenchezhian T. , Senthilnathan S. , Kalirajan V. , Jeyalakshmi P. , Rajendran T. , Prahadeeswaran M. , Kiruthika N. , Parimalarangan R. , Karthick V.
Published: January 2024

Recently a study entitled “A study on income, expenditure and resource use pattern of paddy in Tiruvannamalai district” is conducted by a student with a view to analyze the performance of paddy in terms of cost and returns, resource use efficiency, and employment generation. The sample of 30 farmers growing paddy were selected at random from the Thanipadi, Vazhavachannur, Keezhsirupakkam, Perunduraipattu, Thandrampet, Veppur, and Andapattu villages. Average and percentage analyses were used to examine cost of cultivation, labour hours used, quantity of materials used and machine hours used by farmers in each crop production. Regression analysis was employed to measure the influence of selected explanatory variables on independent variables. Joint family constitutes about 43 percent and nuclear family was 57 of the total sample households. Average size of holding of 2.29 acre. Total cost of cultivation for paddy is Rs.17172.08/acre. Gross income from paddy is Rs.38919.09/ac. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of paddy cultivation is 2.27. Farmers sell the produce at aggregators, regulated market and mill owners. The human labors were used for sowing & transplanting, cultural operation and chemicals. FYM, chemicals, fertilizer and seed are the major material used in crop production. Rotavator and harvester are the machine used for crop production. About 77 percent of variation in dependent variables explained by the selected independent variables such as labor hours for inter cultural operation and quantity of seed and hours per irrigation.
Effects of Bioinoculants on Total Chlorophyll Content, Yield of Soybean and Fertility Status of a Vertisols
Authors: Sahu R.K. , Kumar Sanjeet , Thakur Risikesh , Mitra N.G.
Published: January 2024

The field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (INDIA), during kharif season 2019-2020. The study was aimed to find out the effects of bioinoculants on total chlorophyll content, soybean yield and fertility status of a Vertisols. There were 15 treatments comprised of different beneficial microbial consortia in possible combinations applied as seed treatments with three replications in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Amongst these, two control plots were maintained as fertilized un-inoculated control (FUI) and unfertilized un-inoculated control (UFUI). The recommended dose of fertilizers for soybean is 20 N : 80 P2O5 : 20 K2O kg ha-1. The data generated on total chlorophyll contents, yield of soybean and fertility status of soilwere statistically analyzed and the results showed that the significant enhancement were noticed by the application of consortia NPK+EM+PGPR in total chlorophyll contents of soybean leaves at 25, 45 and 65 DAS over control. Similarly, significant increases in the soybean yield (seed and stover) were also found by the NPK+EM+PGPRconsortia over FUI (control). Further, results revealed that the application of consortia NPK+EM+PGPR improved the organic carbon and available NPK in a Vertisols. Therefore, it may be concluded that the NPK + EM + PGPR consortia was superior for sustainable soybean productivity and soil fertility.
Determinants that Contribute Women to Join in SHGs in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rafi D. , Sangappa  , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa
Published: January 2024

The microfinance initiative, particularly the bank-linked Self-Help Group (SHG) program, has played a pivotal role in empowering women in rural areas, notably in India. This study employs an ex-post facto research design to examine the success of the SHG model in enhancing women's financial independence and overall empowerment. The study was conducted in the Rayalaseema region with a focus on Kurnool and Anantapur districts. A total of 6 mandals, 30 villages, and 360 women respondents representing 120 SHG groups were included in this research. By using factor analysis, the study categorized influential factors into sets. The study concluded that the key factors influencing women to join SHGs was enterprise development, improving family income, relationship dynamics, recognition, government support, and inspiration. This research provides valuable insights into the impact of microfinance programs on achieving women's empowerment. The study concludes that the Bank-Linked SHG model has been instrumental in addressing various aspects of women's empowerment, including economic independence, social recognition, and skill development.
Unpublished Sasanian Coins Preserved in the Bangladesh National Museum: Unveiling with Identification and Exploring the Cause-Period of Their Arrival in Bengal
Authors: Muhit Md. Abdul , Kawsar Md. Golam , Hoque Muhammad Manirul
Published: January 2024

The Sasanians were the last pre-Islamic Persian dynasty that ruled present-day Iran and its neighbouring extensive territories, succeeding the Parthians from 224 A.D to 651 A.D. It was the second-longest reigning Persian imperial dynasty, enduring over four centuries until the Muslims defeated the last Sasanian Emperor, Yazdegerd III. Six unpublished coins of this dynasty stored among the rich collections of nearly fifty-eight thousand manifold coins of the Bangladesh National Museum are matter of surprise and curiosity because Bengal was neither a part of their Empire nor ever ruled by them. These coins were discovered in Bengal in the early twentieth century. They have been identified recently, although they were unidentified for a long time following collection. Typically, coin from one region found in another conveys a trading identity. The early Arabs used Sasanian coins along with other coins as currency before introducing their purely Arabic coins in 696 A.D. They were traditionally traders and had commercial contacts with South and Southeast Asia since the seventh century. They might have used these unpublished coins in the seventh century as a means of exchange in Bengal because the region was well-heeled in ancient times and drew traders from all over the world. This article has unveiled these hitherto unpublished coins with their identification and conducted a comprehensive numismatic endeavour virtually to give insight into the inferential cause as well as the timeframe of their arrival in Bengal.
Cytology of the central zone of the prostate
Authors: Egevad Lars
Published: April 2003

The prostate has three anatomical regions: the peripheral, transition, and central zones (CZ). The CZ has distinct histological features, but its cytological morphology has not been described. This study was done on surgical specimens to ensure that samples were representative of the CZ, and that no prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or cancer contaminated the smears. An incision was made in the CZ of 51 prostatectomy specimens, and cells were scraped from cut surfaces. After exclusion of samples contaminated by PIN or cancer or with poor cell yield, 39 Giemsa‐stained smears remained for analysis. Large branching epithelial sheets with geographic architecture and crowded nuclei were seen in 97% of smears. Epithelial clusters with elongated palisaded nuclei were identified in 80% of cases, but were always a minor component. Visible nucleoli (97%), cytoplasmic vacuoles (97%), and smooth muscle cells in the background (95%) were common. Blue‐green cytoplasmic granules resembling seminal vesicle pigment were seen in 97%. Magenta‐colored cytoplasmic pigment, similar to granules seen in other regions of the prostate, was found in 74%. Recognition of CZ epithelium as a benign constituent of prostate cytology is important because elongated cells, crowded nuclei, and visible nucleoli may otherwise be misinterpreted as PIN or cancer. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:239–244. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of α‐aminophosphinates by the hydrophosphinylation of imines
Authors: Szabó Andrea , Petneházy Imre , Jászay Zsuzsa M.
Published: April 2003

Numerous substituted α‐aminophosphinates were synthesized by addition of alkyl and phenyl H‐phosphinates to aromatic imines and characterized. Modest diastereoselectivity was observed in the reaction. The size of the substituents exerts a small effect on the diastereoselectivity of PC bond formation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:235–240, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10133
Synthesis and structural studies of new N‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)amino acid o‐phenolamides
Authors: Aguilar‐Castro Liliana , Tlahuextl Margarita , Tapia‐Benavides Antonio R. , Tlahuext Hugo
Published: April 2003

N‐(p‐Toluenesulfonyl)glycine o‐phenolamide (3a) and the analogous derivatives of d,l‐alanine (3b), L‐valine (3c), L‐leucine (3d), and L‐phenylalanine (3e) were synthesized in yields >80% by condensation of N‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)amino acyl chlorides with o‐aminophenol. The structure and conformation of these amides were established by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:247–253, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10135
A convenient synthesis of substituted 3‐alkoxycarbonyl‐β,γ‐unsaturated esters with predominant Z‐selectivity
Authors: Shen Yanchang , Zhang Yuming
Published: April 2003

The consecutive reaction of bis[2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl]phosphite with sodium hydride, dimethyl maleate, and aldehydes gives 3‐alkoxycarbonyl‐β,γ‐unsaturated esters with predominant Z‐selectivity in 62–94% yields (Z/E = 85–60:15–40). The Z‐ and E‐isomer can be separated conveniently by column chromatography. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:276–279, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10142
SecA restricts, in a nucleotide‐dependent manner, acyl chain mobility up to the center of a phospholipid bilayer
Authors: Keller Rob C.A. , Snel Margot M.E. , de Kruijff Ben , Marsh Derek
Published: April 2003

The effects of SecA—lipid interactions on lipid mobility were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in bilayer systems containing phospholipids spin‐labeled at different positions along the acyl chain. The SecA protein, which functions in protein translocation at the cytosolic side of the E. coli inner membrane, was found to decrease the mobility of the lipids upon its interaction with the membrane. The restriction of lipid motion, at all chain positions measured, reflects the ability of SecA to penetrate the membrane. At a 49:1 lipid/protein molar ratio, a second, motionally more restricted component is observed in ESR spectra of phospholipids spin‐labeled close to the methyl ends of the chains (12th and 14th positions). Furthermore, SecA was found to eliminate the order‐to‐disorder phase transition of 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoglycerol bilayers. A remarkably strong reduction in the ability of SecA to penetrate the membrane was found when the nucleotides ATP and ADP + Pi were present. The presence of the non‐hydrolyzable analogue AMP‐PNP had no effect. These results clearly demonstrate that SecA perturbs, in a nucleotide dependent manner, lipid mobility upon insertion into the bilayer. The implications of these findings for translocation of precursor proteins across the E. coli inner membrane are discussed.
Purification and characterization of the N‐terminal domain of galectin‐4 from rat small intestine
Authors: Tardy F. , Deviller P. , Louisot P. , Martin A.
Published: April 2003

Using affinity chromatography on lactose‐agarose, five β‐galactoside binding lectins of 14 to 20 kDa were detected in the rat small intestinal mucosa. The prominant proteins of 17 and 19 kDa were purified to homogeneity by 2D‐electrophoresis. Direct N‐terminal sequencing of the 17 kDa protein and intrachain sequencing of the 19 kDa protein produced sequences which are part of the N‐terminal domain of the L‐36/galectin‐4. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against the 19 kDa lectin, which specifically recognized the 17 and 19 kDa lectins and detected a related 36 kDa protein in human undifferentiated HT29 cells.
Annexin V perturbs or stabilises phospholipid membranes in a calcium‐dependent manner
Authors: Goossens Emile L.J. , Reutelingsperger Chris P.M. , Jongsma Frans H.M. , Kraayenhof Ruud , Hermens Wim Th.
Published: April 2003

The potency of annexin V to transport Ca2+ ions across phospholipid membranes was investigated, using large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura‐2. It was demonstrated that annexin V leaves the vesicle membranes intact when added in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. However, if the vesicles were first incubated with annexin V in the absence of Ca2+, subsequent addition of Ca2+ produced a fluorescence signal due to binding of Ca2+ to fura‐2. Centrifugation of the vesicle suspension immediately thereafter showed that this signal originated from the supernatant and not from the sedimented vesicles. Our results show that annexin V causes loss of vesicle integrity in the absence of Ca2+, and leakage of trapped fura‐2, rather than inward Ca2+ transport. Bovine serum albumin or Ca2+ concentrations higher than 2.5 mM also caused such fura‐2 leakage. Apparently, calcium‐dependent binding of annexin V to the membrane prevents aspecific membrane damage caused by this protein.
The molecular selectivity of phospholipase D in HL60 granulocytes
Authors: Heung Yen Ming M. , Postle Anthony D.
Published: April 2003

The molecular selectivity of PLD in PMA‐stimulated HL60 granulocytes was determined by HPLC analysis of [3H]butanol incorporation into phosphatidyl[3H]butanol (Ptd[3H]But) molecular species. Comparison with phospholipid compositions confirmed that PLD acted primarily on phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). Apparent enzyme selectivity was suggested by negligible formation of PB16:0/16:0 and preferential synthesis of Ptd[3H]But species containing sn‐1 18:0. Culture with exogenous 18:2n−6 or 20:4n−6 readily modified both PtdCho and Ptd[3H]But compositions, and accentuated the apparent selectivity of stimulated PLD for sn‐1 18:0 species of PtdCho. Such modifications to PLD‐based signalling mechanisms may contribute to the modulatory effects of altered dietary lipid intakes on cellular functions.
Demonstration of human Borna disease virus RNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Kishi Masahiko , Nakaya Takaaki , Nakamura Yurie , Zhong Qiu , Ikeda Kazuhiko , Senjo Masanori , Kakinuma Mitsuaki , Kato Shiro , Ikuta Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2003

BDV naturally infects horses and sheep, and causes sporadic neurological disease. Serological evidence suggests an association of BDV, or a related virus, with specific psychiatric diseases in humans. Here, by using a nested RT‐PCR technique, we demonstrate that human BDV RNA is present in the PBMC of psychiatric patients. In an examination of a total of 60 patients from 5 wards of a hospital in Japan, the detection rate differed within each ward, ranging from 8% to > 50% (37% on the average). Of particular note was the finding that the human derived BDV sequences, which included deleted forms in about 23% of the positive samples, were slightly different from those derived from horse BDV. These results suggest urgent consideration of the measures to be taken to cope with the effects of blood transfusion. In addition, the detection of a high level of BDV in the PBMC of patients will help our understanding of the pathogenesis in the disease.
Analysis of CpG dinucleotide frequency in relationship to translational reading frame suggests a class of genes in which mutation of this dinucleotide is asymmetric with respect to DNA strand
Authors: Leader David P. , Peter Beate , Ehmer Birgit
Published: April 2003

Results are described from application of a computer program that compares the expected and actual incidence of CpG dinucleotides in relation to the codon reading frame of genes, assuming a conserved amino acid sequence and normalizing for the third‐position incidences of C and G in the remainder of the sequence. Sequences encoding certain proteins showed a pronounced bias in favour of CpG in the {3,1} compared with the {2,3} codon position; whereas sequences encoding related proteins expressed to a similar extent or in the same tissue did not. We propose that the cases exhibiting this bias reflect a difference between the two strands of the DNA duplex in their susceptibility to loss of CpG dinucleotides by mutation. Although in vertebrates this loss of CpG dinucleotides from the sense strand might reflect strand‐asymmetry in deamination of 5‐methylcytosine residues, the fact that a similar CpG codon bias is found in some invertebrates indicates that other factor(s) must also be involved.
Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA for insect biogenic peptide, growth‐blocking peptide
Authors: Hayakawa Yoichi , Ohnishi Atsushi , Yamanaka Akira , Izumi Susumu , Tomino Shiro
Published: April 2003

Growth‐blocking peptide (GBP) is an insect biogenic peptide that prevents the onset of metamorphosis from larva to pupa. A cDNA coding for GBP is described. Mixed oligonucleotides derived from a GBP peptide sequence were used to generate amplified DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on the sequence of the amplified DNA, a 41 bases oligonucleotide was designed for screening a cDNA library which was constructed from the armyworm Pseudaletia separata larvae parasitized with the parasitic wasp Cotesia kariyai. The cloned cDNA for GBP was 809 base pairs in length. An open reading frame of 429 base pairs encodes a pre‐pro‐peptide of 143 amino acid residues in which GBP is localized at the C‐terminal region, and other three peptides including a putative signal peptide and appropriate processing sites for endoproteolytic cleavage precede the GBP sequence. Northern blot analyses demonstrate the presence of a 800‐base mRNA transcript in fat body and 2.5‐kilobase transcript in brain and nerve cord, suggesting the possibility that the transcription of GBP gene is regulated in a tissue‐dependent manner. This interpretation was supported by isolating a GBP cDNA fragment from cDNA pool of brain‐nerve cords. GBP mRNA is constantly expressed in both parasitized and non‐parasitized last instar larvae and there is no difference in the levels of the mRNA between both larvae, thus indicating that parasitism may effect on translational or posttranslational level to elevate plasma GBP concentration.
Kinetics of translation of γB crystallin and its circularly permutated variant in an in vitro cell‐free system: possible relations to codon distribution and protein folding
Authors: Komar Anton A. , Jaenicke Rainer
Published: April 2003

Analysis of nascent γB‐crystallin peptides accumulating during in vitro translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell‐free system was carried out. As a consequence of the irregular distribution of rare codons along the polypeptide chain of γB‐crystallin, translation of the two‐domain protein is a non‐uniform process characterized by specific pauses. One of the major delays occurs during the translation of the connecting peptide between the domains. Comparing the kinetics of translation of natural γB‐crystallin and its circularly permutated variant (with the order of the N‐ and C‐terminal domains exchanged) reveals that the natural N‐terminal domain is translated faster than the C‐terminal one. Since the N‐terminal domain in natural γB‐crystallin is known to be more stable and to fold faster than the C‐terminal one [E.‐M. Mayr et al. (1994) J. Mol. Biol. 235, 84–88], the present data suggest that the translation rates are optimized to tune the synthesis and folding of the nascent polypeptide chain. In this connection, the pause in the linker region between the domains provides a delay allowing the correct folding of the N‐terminal domain and its subsequent assistance in the stabilization of the C‐terminal one.