bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precued Shifting of Attention between Cognitive Sets in Parkinson Patients
Authors: Hsieh Shulan , Hwang Wen-Juh , Tsai Jing-Jane , Tsai Chin-Yi
Published: August 2011

The precueing paradigm developed by Posner has been used to examine visuospatial shifting of attention. In the current study, we modified such a paradigm so that it could be studied in nonvisuospatial domains and its component processes of disengagement, movement, and engagement could be analyzed in a similar fashion to the visuospatial domains. 14 patients with Parkinson's disease and 14 normal controls matched for age, sex, handedness, and years of education served as subjects. The speed of shifting attention was measured using the cost and benefit analysis. Analyses showed an over-all slowness in reaction time of patients with Parkinson's disease compared to the control group but without a concomitant slowness to engage, shift, and disengage their attention.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Moral Development in the South African Context
Authors: Smith Kevin , Parekh Angina
Published: August 2011

This study has two aims, to examine aspects of Kohlberg's claims of universality within a unique research context and to explore differences in moral development between black and white South Africans. 81 participants from four different age groups were administered Form A of Kohlberg's moral judgement interviews. Analysis supported the age-relatedness of Kohlberg's stages of moral development and provided some support for the notion that the stages should be evident in various cultures. A significant difference in moral development between black and white groups in the 19- to 28-yr. age group was found. Further, black and white groups had different concerns when justifying moral choices. The results were discussed in the context of the South African system, which until recently has been one of institutionalised racial division.
Factorial Structure of the Arabic Children's Depression Inventory among Kuwaiti Subjects
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M.
Published: August 2011

The Arabic Children's Depression Inventory developed by Abdel-Khalek was administered to 1981 Kuwaiti middle-school students (995 boys and 986 girls). Their ages ranged from 10 to 16 years. Five orthogonal (varimax) factors were extracted. They were labeled generic depression, pessimism, feeling happy, weak concentration, and lack of loneliness. It was concluded that these interpretable factors pertained to the phenomenon of childhood depression, so the inventory can be recommended for use with Kuwaiti children and adolescents.
Effects of Type and Relevance of Primes and Delay between Priming and Ratings on Attractiveness
Authors: Brotanek Thomas F. , Kayson Wesley A.
Published: August 2011

This study was an attempt to generalize a previous finding on prime effects on perceived attractiveness. After the 80 college men were shown a list of 10 primes and then asked to read a passage about a fictitious female named Victoria, they rated her attractiveness on 5 scales. Primes were either positive or negative. Half of the primes were relevant to attractiveness and half were not. Some subjects rated Victoria right after being primed while others waited 5 min. between priming and rating. A 2 (prime type) × 2 (relevance of prime) × 2 (time) factorial analysis of variance gave a significant interaction between prime type and relevance. Subjects exposed to negative relevant primes rated Victoria more attractive than subjects exposed to negative irrelevant primes. An inhibitory effect of the primes, given the long length of their exposure, seemed to be the basis for these findings.
Career-Priority Patterns among Managerial and Professional Women in Singapore
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Kong Yuet Peng
Published: August 2011

This study examined correlates of career-priority patterns, anchored at the extremes by career-primary and career-family orientations, among 104 managerial and professional women in Singapore. Data were collected using anonymously completed questionnaires. Career-family women were more likely to have worked part-time in their careers, were at lower organizational levels, and reported less job involvement than did career-primary women. There were no differences on a variety of individual demographic and work-situation characteristics in job and career satisfaction and measures of psychological well-being.
Personality and Educational Choice of General versus Vocational Studies among 16- to 19-Year-Olds
Authors: Halvari Hallgeir
Published: August 2011

Achievement motives, future time orientation, and perceived instrumentality of theoretical subjects were investigated in relation to educational choice of general versus vocational studies at secondary school. Among 257 students, multivariate regression of educational choice showed that the higher the scores on the motive to achieve success, the lower the scores on the motive to avoid failure, and the higher the scores on perceived instrumentality, the more likely a student will be to choose general, i.e., mainly theoretical, studies at secondary school. No significant effect of future time orientation on educational choice occurred. The results are discussed in relation to achievement motivation theory, school attachment and achievement, and implications for reform of the school system.
Alexithymia, Affective Disorders and Substance Abuse: Possible Cross-Relationships
Authors: Giannini A. James
Published: August 2011

Alexithymia is a syndrome manifesting affective, cognitive, and perceptual social defects, which include diminished affective-interpretive abilities. These abilities have been observed to be decreased in opiate abuse, major depression, and premenstrual depressive disorder, but increased in cocaine abuse and manic states. Conditions associated with decreased affective-interpretive abilities are also associated with decreased central catecholamine levels. Conversely, conditions associated with increased interpretive abilities have increased central catecholamine levels. Central catecholamines may be hypothesized as an etiological factor in the development of alexithymia.
Narcissism and Hostility
Authors: Hart Peggy L. , Joubert Charles E.
Published: August 2011

Small to moderate correlations were observed for scores of 32 male and 66 female undergraduates on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Developmental questions are raised.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: CV. Marion Estel Bunch, 1902–1995
Authors: Webb Wilse B
Published: August 2011

Some personal comments on and facts about Marion Bunch, psychologist and friend.
Longitudinal Survey of Mental Retardation during Adolescence among Italian Pupils
Authors: De Mojà Carmelo A. , Zoccali Rocco
Published: August 2011

In this paper are analysed the increases in mental age during a 3- to 3 1/2-yr. interval of 54 adolescents classified as mildly or moderately mentally retarded who had participated in rehabilitation therapy (therapy) or had no therapy (control). Analysis showed that the rehabilitation therapy significantly increased mental age only for subjects with mild retardation but not those with moderate mental retardation.
Dimensionality of a Scale of Adjustment to Unemployment
Authors: Sightler Kevin W. , Tudor R. Keith , Brush Christina Christenson , Roebuck Deborah Britt
Published: August 2011

Many of today's unemployed are middle managers or midcareer professionals who lost their jobs through no fault of their own. This study examined psychological effects of unemployment on 178 professionals using an adaptation of Kaufman's adjustment to unemployment scale. Analysis indicated two factors, negative affect (which includes anxiety, burden, irritation, resentment, and anomie; α = .69) and general affect (self-esteem, depression, and life satisfaction; α = .73). Implications for the study of unemployed professionals are discussed.
Membership in Associations and Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In fifteen nations, 1981 suicide rates were not associated with the extent to which citizens participated in voluntary associations.
Value Priorities of Iranian and American College Students
Authors: Shokouhi-Behnam Shirinak , Chambliss Catherine
Published: August 2011

A sample of 49 Iranian students studying in American colleges were divided into a less acculturated and a more acculturated group, based on a median split of their scores on Hannassab's Acculturation Scale. Using Schwartz's Value Survey, values of Iranian men and women ( ns = 19) were compared to values of 45 American men and women studying in the same U.S. colleges. Significant group differences in the ratings given to the value domains of power, benevolence, security, conformity, and tradition were observed. Also as expected, the mean acculturation scores of the Iranian students were significantly correlated with the number of years they had spent outside of Iran.
Information Load and Consistency of Decisions
Authors: Davis Charles E. , Davis Elizabeth B.
Published: August 2011

Rapid growth of automated accounting information systems has resulted in the availability of more accounting information on a more timely basis to support decision-making activities. To best support the needs of decision-makers designers of accounting information systems must present the information in such a way that decision-makers can make effective decisions in an efficient manner. Research has shown that decision-makers' strategies, and thus outcomes, are influenced by the amount of information available for making the decision. Existing studies of the effects of information load on decision-making employ at least two definitions of information load and often examine only accuracy of decisions. This study used signal detection theory to examine the effect of both definitions of information load on decision-makers' consistent application of a decision rule. The study shows that consistency of decisions is a function of the time allowed per cue, not the number of cues available. However, the relationship is not an increasing one, but instead is U-shaped.
Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Employees in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alnajjar Ahmed A.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess 171 employees' job satisfaction and job commitment using two questionnaires, one to evaluate job satisfaction and one to examine commitment of the respondents to their respective jobs. The Job Satisfaction Questionnaire assessed job security, job status, relations with managers, and relations with colleagues. The desire to fulfill the commitments related to job requirements was tested using the scores on the Organizational Commitment Scale which measures discipline, concern, and updating. Scores on job satisfaction and the desire to fulfill job commitments were correlated; however, scores on job security were not correlated with the motivation towards job fulfillment. Positive satisfaction for relations with managers and with colleagues and job status were significantly correlated with positive job commitment. The canonical variant indicated that those who were disciplined about their work tended to have better relations with their managers as well as with colleagues.
Enthusiasm and Caution on Embree's Proposed Model for Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Reuder Mary E.
Published: August 2011

Embree's “Personal Beliefs Scale Redux: A Model for Hypothesis Testing” (1996) is reviewed as a highly creative measurement approach to the study of mind-body beliefs. However, as a “model for hypothesis testing,” it is viewed as seriously flawed in its experimental and statistical design.
Scores on Self-Actualization for Gifted Junior High School Students
Authors: Lewis Joan D.
Published: August 2011

Self-actualization scores of 47 gifted students in Grades 7 and 8 were assessed using the Reflections of Self by Youth (ROSY), the Maslowian Scale, and the Personal Orientation Inventory. No gender differences were observed. Students in Grade 7 scored significantly higher on the ROSY students in Grade 8 scored significantly higher on the Maslowian Scale Psychological subscale and Total score. Scores on the Maslowian Scale Fundamentals and Self-actualization subscales and Personal Orientation Inventory were not different for any group. Correlations among the three measures of self-actualization are presented.
Asian-American Men's Acculturation and Gender-Role Conflict
Authors: Kim Elizabeth J. , O'Neil James M. , Owen Steven V.
Published: August 2011

There is limited research on Asian-Americans' acculturation and conflicts with contemporary gender roles. This research assessed three samples of Asian-American men's acculturation and gender-role conflict. Differences between Chinese-American, Japanese-American, and Korean-American men's acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict were analyzed. The relationship of demographic and acculturation variables to gender-role conflict was also calculated. Subjects ( N = 125) were administered a demographic questionnaire, the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identity Acculturation Scale, and the Gender-role Conflict Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no differences between the Asian-American groups on acculturation and the four patterns of gender-role conflict. A canonical correlation analysis indicated one significant variate connecting acculturation with two patterns of issues of gender-role conflict: success, power, and competition and restrictive emotionality. Methodological limitations and research are mentioned.
Smoking and Stress: Cigarettes and Marihuana
Authors: McCann Nicole , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 88 undergraduates, smoking cigarettes and marihuana was associated with more recent stressful events, while smoking cigarettes was associated with higher scores on Type A personality.
Organizational Promotion and Career Satisfaction
Authors: Bozionelos Nicholas
Published: August 2011

The relationship between organizational promotion and career satisfaction was investigated. Questionnaire data were obtained from 190 administrative employees in two universities in the northwest of England. The significant difference in career satisfaction between the two samples disappeared when statistical control for number of promotions was imposed. Further, number of promotions was the only variable which accounted for a significant amount of variance in career satisfaction. The implications of the results for organisations and the limitations of the study are discussed and suggestions for research are made.
Errors by the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, and the National Educational Association in Representing Homosexuality in Amicus Briefs about Amendment 2 to the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Cameron Paul , Cameron Kirk , Landess Thomas
Published: August 2011

In October 1995, consortiums of psychiatric and educational professional organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association and the National Educational Association, submitted amicus briefs to the U.S. Supreme Court asserting that the scientific literature unequivocally supports the following propositions: (a) that homosexuals, including homosexual teachers, do not disproportionately molest children, (b) that children of homosexual parents are not more likely to become homosexuals, (c) that professionals agree that homosexuality is not a pathology, and (d) that homosexual attractions are biologically or genetically predetermined and are therefore beyond the control of the individual. The first two contentions are inconsistent with the scientific literature, and the second two grossly oversimplify a contentious and uncertain literature.
Do Couples Grieve Differently following Infant Loss?
Authors: Hunfeld J. A. M. , Mourik M. M. , Passchier J. , Tibboel D.
Published: August 2011

13 couples who lost an infant due to a major congenital anomaly were assessed using the Perinatal Grief Scale. Contrary to the research findings of generally less intensity of grief in men, couples did not differ significantly in this respect one-half year after the loss of their infant. On the other hand, there was no strong relationship between the scores of women and men, indicating that, apart from intensity, they grieve differently.
Is Religiosity Associated with Life Satisfaction?
Authors: Lewis Christopher Alan , Joseph Stephen , Noble Kirsty Elizabeth
Published: August 2011

150 Northern Irish University undergraduate students completed the Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and a single-item measure of frequency of church attendance. No significant association was found between scores on the Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity and scores on the Satisfaction with Life Scale ( r = .05) or between frequency of church attendance and scores on the Satisfaction with Life Scale ( r = .00). These data provide no evidence that, among a sample of Northern Irish University undergraduate students, those with a more positive attitude towards Christianity or a greater frequency of church attendance are more satisfied with life.
Betel Nut Chewing and Selected Psychophysiological Variables
Authors: Wyatt Thomas A.
Published: August 2011

28 male operators of earth movers, with an average age of 30 years, after chewing various quantities of betel nut, volunteered to participate in a laboratory study of visual choice-reaction time, digit span, eye-hand coordination, pulse rate, and blood pressure. Analysis of variance identified a statistically significant increase in pulse rate only. Given no significant decrement in scores on any work-related measure, discussion concerns the possible use of betel nut at the work place and particularly as an antidote for drivers' fatigue. Limitations of the study, implications of the findings, and suggestions for research are discussed.
Mental Representations of Pregnant Nulliparous Women Having No Sex Preference
Authors: Marleau Jacques D. , Saucier Jean-François , Bernazzani Odette , Borgeat François , David Hélène
Published: August 2011

The objective was to elicit the mental representations about the sex of the future child of 89 nulliparous pregnant women who declared having no sex preference, using the Kelly s Repertory Grid. Analyses showed that 67% of these women had no explicit and clear representation about the sex of their first child. These data suggest that these pregnant women seemed really to have no sex preference.
Gender and Marital Satisfaction: A Replication with a Sample of Spouses from the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Silliman Benjamin
Published: August 2011

In a subsample of 57 husbands and 120 wives who had participated in a larger study of retention of church members, an effect size of 0.23 was found between gender and marital satisfaction as measured by the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The results are consistent with previous findings of a gender effect, the “his and hers” marriage.
Fears of Death and the Probability of Suicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

A higher fear of death and dying was associated with a higher estimated probability of suicide in 78 healthy undergraduates when they imagined dying of cancer.
Validation of an Elementary School Version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction
Authors: Goh Swee Chiew , Fraser Barry J.
Published: August 2011

This article is a report of the adaptation of the high school version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction for use in elementary schools. Based on an eight-sector circumplex defined by the two axes of Dominance-Submission and Cooperation-Opposition, the questionnaire assesses interpersonal behavior of teachers and students for the eight dimensions of Leadership, Helping-Friendly, Understanding, Student Responsibility-Freedom, Uncertain, Dissatisfied, Admonishing, and Strict behavior. When the revised questionnaire was administered to 1,512 students in 39 fifth-grade classes of 13 randomly selected elementary schools in Singapore, each scale exhibited satisfactory internal consistency reliability and predictive validity for two levels of analysis (the student and the class mean) and differentiated between classes. Girls consistently rated the teachers' interpersonal behavior more favorably than did boys.
Biases against Minorities in Newspaper Reports of Crime
Authors: DeLouth Tara-Nicholle Beasley , Woods Cindy J. P.
Published: August 2011

Over 5 months in 4 large newspapers, reports of criminal incidents and suspect court appearances were analyzed to assess possible bias in representations of minorities. The mention of ethnicity of victim and suspect, and photographs of nonwhite suspects were more frequent than for white suspects but no mention of emotional information.
Suicidal and Homicidal Risk for Respondents, Petitioners, and Family Members in An Injunction Program for Domestic Violence
Authors: Stawar Terry L.
Published: August 2011

Increased risk of suicide and homicide were observed among 1,186 petitions for protection for respondents and petitioners (and two children) from 1988 to 1991 in one county's program.
Gender Differences in Beliefs of Why Women Live Longer than Men
Authors: Wallace Julia E.
Published: August 2011

Research supports an interaction of biological and sociocultural factors to account for why women live longer than men. This study investigated whether men and women of college age have similar attributions for this difference in longevity. Responses to an open-ended questionnaire by 507 college-aged students confirmed a significant gender difference in attribution of life expectancy. Young men attributed such differences to greater physical labor of men and the less stressful life of women. Young women, in contrast, thought women took better care of their health.
Avoidance as a Coping Strategy for Nurses in Thailand
Authors: Tyson Paul D. , Pongruengphant Rana
Published: August 2011

Multiple regression analyses indicated a significant relationship between the coping strategy of avoidance, job satisfaction, and occupational stress. Although it was the best predictor of stress compared to problem solving, social support, and relaxation, avoidance did not have an interactive buffering effect on occupational stress for 200 Thai nurses.
Development of the Parent Self-Evaluation Instrument
Authors: Edgmon Kreg J. , Goddard H. Wallace , Solheim Catherine S. , White Mark B.
Published: August 2011

Parenting measures have been used most commonly for research and clinical evaluation, with little practical application for parent self-evaluation and education. To help parents assess their parenting strengths and skills and be better directed in their information seeking the Parent Self-evaluation Instrument was developed. The framework and dimensions of this scale are based on the National Extension Parent Education Model. A panel of 23 parenting experts reviewed the scale for content validity. Evaluations of the scales' validity were consistently high.
Psychological Abuse in Dating, Locus of Control, Depression, and Suicidal Preoccupation
Authors: Migeot Michelle , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 68 undergraduates, being a victim of daring abuse was associated with high scores on depression and low scores on internal locus of control.
Attitudes and Motivation for Learning English: A Cross-National Comparison of Japanese and Chinese High School Students
Authors: Tachibana Yoshiharu , Matsukawa Reko , Zhong Qu Xian
Published: August 2011

359 Japanese and 442 Chinese high school students were examined and compared regarding their motivation to learn English. Although Japanese students expressed a strong interest in English as a subject, they displayed a weaker interest on intrinsic motivation and a stronger one for extrinsic motivation as compared to junior high school students. Nevertheless, Japanese students who achieved better scores were not only eager to achieve better scores but also were much more interested in English as a language, the culture, and people. Chinese high school students' motivation did not vary so dramatically from their junior high school peers. They also were more pragmatically oriented towards the study of English, i.e., they thought English would be valuable and necessary for their future. Even if they do well, they believe they can do better with more effort to be successful in the future.
Cases of Sprague-Dawley Rats Which Did Not Respond to an ‘Alarm Substance’ in the Forced Swimming Test
Authors: Tachibana Toshiaki , Yoko Akie , Yoshino Hiroshi
Published: August 2011

The fact found by Abel and his group that rats produce an ‘alarm substance’ while swimming was examined by employing a single-subject approach. Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in the forced swimming test situation in fresh water and in water soiled by another rat. In Exp. 1, Sprague-Dawley rats from Japan SLC, Inc. were used. No evidence of responding to the ‘alarm substance’ was found. Then, further experiments were conducted employing methods similar to those of Abel and his group. In Exp. 2, Sprague-Dawley rats from Charles River, Japan, were used. In Exp. 3, the water depth and inner diameter in a cylinder used were the same as those used by Abel and his group, and the water was soiled more thoroughly. In Exp. 4, the level of water contamination was raised to four times that employed in Exps. 1 and 2. However, the series of experiments yielded no evidence of the ‘alarm substance.’ Breeder differences among subjects might explain the discrepancy in results.
Pkejudice and Racial Identity among White Latter-Day Saint College Students: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Smith Timothy B. , Roberts Richard N.
Published: August 2011

Previous research has documented increases in racial tolerance of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons or LDS). In the present study, 211 LDS college students held predominantly tolerant attitudes on racial identity which were similar to those of 78 non-LDS peers; however, the LDS subjects expressed more naivete, curiosity, and confusion regarding black people and black culture.
Recollections of Their Fathers by Homosexual and Heterosexual Men
Authors: Phelan James E.
Published: August 2011

A nonrandom, nonclinical t-test comparison study of 30 homosexual and 30 heterosexual men was conducted to describe their memories of their fathers' behaviors toward them. Previous studies had identified the “classical pattern,” that is, the fathers of homosexual men were considered cold, hostile, and distant. Those studies were sparked by Freudian theory which postulated the same. Therefore, a brief revisitation has been conducted. Again, the findings supported the earlier, that is, the homosexual men recalled their fathers as more rejecting and less loving than the heterosexual men.
Robustness of Taxometric Analysis with Skewed Indicators: II. A Monte Carlo Study of the Maxcov Procedure
Authors: Haslam Nick , Cleland Charles
Published: August 2011

A small Monte Carlo study was conducted to determine whether MAXCOV analysis, a taxometric method for testing between discrete (“taxonic”) and continuous models of latent variables, is robust when indicators of the latent variable are skewed. Analysis of constructed data sets containing three levels of skew indicated that the MAXCOV procedure is unlikely to yield spurious findings of taxonicity even when skewness is considerable. However, care must be taken to distinguish low base-rate taxonic variables from skewed nontaxonic variables.
Content Validity of the Psychiatric Symptom Index, CES-Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory from the Perspective of DSM-IV
Authors: Okun Alex , Stein Ruth E. K. , Bauman Laurie J. , Silver Ellen Johnson
Published: August 2011

We compared the item content of three commonly used scales of psychiatric symptoms [the broad-band Psychiatric Symptom Index (Ilfeld) and two narrow-band scales, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (Radloff) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger)], with diagnostic criteria and criterion-based symptoms for Major Depressive Episode and Generalized Anxiety Disorder as they appeared in DSM-IV. The Psychiatric Symptom Index and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale each measured 7 of 9 criterion-based symptoms of Major Depressive Episode. The Psychiatric Symptom Index and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory each measured 5 of 8 domains for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The Psychiatric Symptom Index had comparable content validity to the narrow-band measures. All met a majority of DSM-IV criteria for depression and anxiety, supporting their applicability for current research.
Homicide Rates in the Caribbean Islands
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

For the 1970s, homicide rates in 14 Caribbean islands were predicted by the gross national product/capita and the divorce rate.
Validation of an Acculturation Measure for Hispanic Adolescents
Authors: Epstein Jennifer A. , Botvin Gilbert J. , Dusenbury Linda , Diaz Tracy , Kerner Jon
Published: August 2011

Based on the continuing growth and youthfulness of the Hispanic population in the United States, valid cultural measures are needed for Hispanic adolescents. Hispanics living in this country experience acculturation or cultural change during their exposure to American culture. A matched sample of 994 Hispanic students and their parents completed acculturation measures. Scores on a 10-item acculturation scale completed by the adolescents' parents correlated significantly .49 with a single-item rating, a measure of acculturation by adolescents. This finding supports construct validity for a measure of language use as an index of linguistic acculturation for Hispanic adolescents.
Social Psychological vs Socioeconomic Hypotheses on the Epidemiology of Suicide: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ferrada-Noli Marcello
Published: August 2011

In a recent analysis of the suicide statistics of two areas of Stockholm of contrasting demographic and socioeconomic status, we found the suicide rate higher in the low-income area. In the present study, the suicide rate of the richest and poorest counties of Sweden were compared to test whether the negative correlation previously found locally between average income in the county and incidence of suicide, also exists in a nationwide extrapolation. The poorest county of Sweden, Berg, manifested an increased suicide rate of 46.2 per 100,000 population [Ratio observed/expected (O/E) 2.3], whereas the richest, Danderyd, had a rate four times lower (10.8; Ratio O/E, 0.5), being also lower than the Swedish mean suicide rare of 17.2. The findings do not support the socioeconomic hypothesis on incidence of suicide, according to which an increased suicide rate is expected to be observed in demographic units with increased income or economic output.
Coping Strategies and Anxiety in Italian Adolescents
Authors: Nigro Giovanna
Published: August 2011

203 Italian adolescents completed an Italian modified version of the Amirkhan's Coping Strategy Indicator and the Italian version of the Spielberger, et al. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Three brief stories were presented to the subjects who were requested to put themselves in the protagonist's place and to indicate the extent to which they would use specific coping behaviors to deal with one of the three stressful events. Analysis of variance 3 × 2 (stressor by sex) showed effects due to the sex of the respondent on Seeking Social Support and to stressor on the subscales Problem Solving and Avoidance. A negative correlation was observed between scores on Trait Anxiety and Problem Solving and a positive one between scores on Trait Anxiety and Avoidance. Results seem to confirm the hypothesis that both situational antecedents and anxiety affect the choice of coping strategies. Further implications of finding were discussed.
Use of the Beck Depression Inventory in Clinical Practice
Authors: Piotrowski Chris
Published: August 2011

A review of recent survey data indicates that the Beck Depression Inventory ranks among the most frequent tests used by practicing clinicians. This finding is impressive in that this inventory is not a ‘broad-band’ measure of psychopathology.
Concurrent Validity of the Beck Depression Inventory as a Measure of Depression
Authors: Robinson Bryan E. , Kelley Lisa
Published: August 2011

The Beck Depression Inventory was administered, along with measures of anxiety, locus of control, and self-concept, to 211 undergraduates at a major southern institution to test for concurrent validity. Correlations of scores on Beck's scale with other scores provide additional support for Beck's scale as a valid measure of depression.
Background for and Development of a Brief Children's Behavioral Classification Project Inventory
Authors: Dreger Ralph Mason
Published: August 2011

A brief form of the Children's Behavioral Classification Project Inventory was developed. A Proto-CBCP Inventory consisting of 229 behavioral items and 11 demographic variables was administered to 351 parents of children with clinical problems and 80 normal control parents. The analyses of these data were thoroughly criticised by experts in psychology and related fields. From this critique and trial runs which included 22 demographic variables, a full inventory of 274 behavioral items plus child's age, sex and clinic vs nonclinic status resulted; this inventory has a 30-factor structure. Given the length of the full-scale inventory and the number of factors derived from it, a briefer form was created consisting of 189 items from which were derived 13 factors. This inventory was standardized on a total n of 1379 for use as a screening device in clinics.
An Empirical Study of Overlap of Innovativeness
Authors: Goldsmith Ronald E. , Goldsmith Elizabeth B.
Published: August 2011

A survey of 457 students showed very little overlap between innovativeness regarding restaurants and fashion, thereby substantiating the empirical generalization that innovativeness is domain-specific.
Self-Presentation Strategies on the Neo-Five Factor Inventory: Implications for Detecting Faking
Authors: Scandell Donald J. , Wlazelek Brian G.
Published: August 2011

The vulnerability of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory to self-presentation strategies was assessed through manipulation of instructional set. Research participants were randomly assigned to one of five instructional sets including general fake good and bad conditions, a control condition, and two conditions directing participants to produce profiles that would maximize their chances of gaining admission to either the police academy or a graduate program in psychology. Analysis suggested that individuals instructed to fake were able to produce profiles consistent with the instructional sets provided. General fake-good and fake-bad profiles were identified and criteria were developed to detect faking in individual profiles. Caution was suggested when using this inventory in assessment situations in which self-presentation strategic; may be employed.
Use of Inhalants among MIAMI's Public School Students, 1992
Authors: Yarnold Barbara M.
Published: August 2011

This analysis examined inhalant use by 482 adolescents in Dade County, Florida public schools in 1992. Probit analysis indicated factors associated with increased probability of use included peers' use of inhalants, earlier grades (Grades 7 and 8), ready access, and a family member with a drug or alcohol problem. Adolescents were slightly more likely to use inhalants if they knew of the associated risks.
Being a “Joiner” and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Wann Daniel L. , Hamlet Michael A.
Published: August 2011

The current study supported the hypothesis that individuals with a propensity to join groups score more psychologically healthy than individuals less so inclined.
Anonymity of Response to Self-Evaluations: Are We Misinterpreting Self-Concept Research?
Authors: Watkins David , Kemp Sally
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the possible effect of anonymity of response on the self-esteem of 289 12- and 13-yr.-old Hong Kong Chinese students in secondary school. Responses to the Self-description Questionnaire-1 by anonymous or non-anonymous groups differed according to the ability band of the students but not their gender. The higher the ability band, the higher was the tendency to report higher self-esteem in the anonymous condition. It is argued that researchers of self-concept may need to consider the implications of anonymity. In particular, the possibility of an interaction between anonymity and ability groups may well need to be taken into account when interpreting research into the influence of ability grouping on self-esteem.
Male Nurses' Sex-Role Orientation and Values
Authors: McCutcheon Lynn E.
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Bern Sex-role Inventory and the Study of Values were compared for 66 female nurses and 56 male nurses in central Florida. The men were frequently categorized as sex-typed and rarely as cross-typed. On the Study of Values the over-all pattern of values for male nurses was very similar to that of the average male nonnurse and significantly different from that of female nurses on the theoretical and aesthetic scales. Nursing experience, age, and highest degree earned in nursing were not correlated with Bern scores or Study of Values scores. No support was found for the idea that nursing feminizes male nurses. Implications of these results for the recruitment of male nursing students were discussed.
Men's and Women's Self-Confidence in Performing Financial Analysis
Authors: Webster Robert L. , Ellis T. Selwyn
Published: August 2011

It has been suggested that observed differences in self-confidence between the sexes may be dependent on the context and domain of items tested. Expressed self-confidence toward financial analysis by men and women was assessed by a survey mailed to 450 professional business analysts and university professors of accounting. Respondents analyzed a set of multiyear corporate financial reports and reported their self-confidence assessments in six financial areas. Expressed self-confidence was significantly higher for men than for women.
The MMPI Suspiciousness Scale on the MMPI-2
Authors: Brophy Alfred L.
Published: August 2011

Information is provided to facilitate use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Suspiciousness scale of Endicott, Jortner, and Abram-off with the MMPI-2.
Jealousy Induction as a Predictor of Power and the Use of other Control Methods in Heterosexual Relationships
Authors: Brainerd Edwin G. , Hunter Patricia A. , Moore DeWayne , Thompson Tisha R.
Published: August 2011

26 male and 87 female college students filled out Stets' Psychological Aggression Scale, Stets' Interpersonal Control Scale, Straus' Physical Violence Scale and Fisch and Brainerd's Use and Approval of Jealousy-inducing Behaviors Scale. Use and approval of jealousy-inducing behaviors were good predictors of high need for interpersonal control and the use of psychological Aggression. The use of jealousy-inducing behaviors but not the approval of these behaviors was a strong predictor of physical aggression in romantic relationships.
Communication in Multitrack Year-round Schools
Authors: Dziuban Judith I. , Dziuban Charles D.
Published: August 2011

85 teachers in multitrack year-round schools stated that communication had deteriorated, especially for those who were not currently teaching.
Identifying Patients Recovering from a Recent Myocardial Infarction Who Require and Accept Psychological Care
Authors: Cohen Leo , Stokhof Lotty H. F. , van der Ploeg Henk M. , Visser Frans C.
Published: August 2011

Using Dutch adaptations of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State-Trait Anger Scale, Zung Depression Scale, and Life Orientation Test, we attempted to identify which patients recovering in the hospital from acute myocardial infarctions required and would accept psychological care. Of 63 patients who completed the relevant questionnaires, 9 required and accepted psychological care and 6 of these were correctly predicted by the criteria (sensitivity = .67). Of the 54 patients not classified as requiring and accepting psychological care, 49 were correctly predicted (specificity = .90; efficiency = .87). Noncompletion ( n = 7) was positively associated with classification as requiring and accepting psychological care. An easy to administer brief questionnaire may help identify those patients with a recent myocardial infarction who, in the opinion of mental health care professionals, require and accept psychological care.
Argumentativeness in Roommates' Relationships
Authors: Martin Matthew M. , Anderson Carolyn M.
Published: August 2011

221 college students completed measures of their trait argumentativeness along with measures involving their relations with their roommates. Argumentativeness was not related to satisfaction with communication or to social attraction.
Clinical Assessment of Self-Injurious Behavior
Authors: Brasic James Robert , Barnett Jacqueline Y. , Ahn Seok Cheol , Nadrich Robert H. , Will Michael V. , Clair Andrea
Published: August 2011

The Timed Self-injurious Behavior Scale is an observational scale rating the frequency of 16 types of self-injurious behaviors during each 10-sec. interval of a 10-min. observation period. Advantages of the scale are utilization of direct observation and independence from the variable recollection of symptoms by subjects and care givers. 19 videotaped sessions of a subject who exhibited eight types of self-injurious behaviors were rated with the scale independently by three raters. Eighty percent and better agreement was found for the four specific forms of those behaviors exhibited by the subject sufficiently frequently, self biting, head punching, head slapping, and hair removal.
Religiosity Correlates with Failure to Understand Scientific Methods and Findings
Authors: Westman Alida S.
Published: August 2011

Among 71 students those who indicated being more religious also were more ignorant about scientific methods and findings. Which religious individuals are more ignorant and the aspects of science to which they find it hard to relate need further investigation.
Hyperkinesias in a Prepubertal Boy with Autistic Disorder Treated with Haloperidol and Valproic Acid
Authors: Brasić James R. , Barnett Jacqueline Y.
Published: August 2011

A 7-yr.-old Bangladeshi boy with autistic disorder, unspecified mental retardation, asthma, pica, and generalized tonic seizures, presented for hyperactivity, aggression, and disruptive behaviors. He had a history of an elevated blood lead level. He was being treated with haloperidol and valproic acid. He was assessed in an unstimulated state for the occurrence of adventitious movements. He exhibited hand flapping, jumping, running, and spinning as well as other motor and phonic stereotypies typical of autistic disorder. Although the presence of subjective distress and a sensation of inner restlessness could not be ascertained given his cognitive impairments, the objective picture of constant leg movement and inability to sit still was consistent with akathisia. The hyperkinesias may be due to autistic disorder, multiple comorbid conditions, and medications. Further studies with large populations of medicated and unmedicated children with autistic disorder are needed to characterize further the associated movement disorders which may result from neurological disorders and pharmacological treatments.
Narcissism and Causal Attribution
Authors: Ladd Ellen R. , Welsh M. Cay , Vitulli William F. , Labbé Elise E. , Law Joseph G.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between scores on narcissistic personality traits and causal attributions to positive and negative events. 119 undergraduate students in psychology as participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40, the Attributional Style Questionnaire, and several Self-referencing Closed-ended Vignettes. Analyses indicated that men who scored higher on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40 made more internal and stable attributions to positive events and more external and unstable attributions to negative events than did men who scored lower on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40. Also scores on the Self-referencing Closed-ended Vignettes correlated significantly and positively with the Attributional Style Questionnaire, providing evidence for the validity of the vignettes.
Development of Sex Differences in Preschool Children: Social Behavior during an Academic Year
Authors: Braza Francisco , Braza Paloma , Carreras Maria Rosario , Muñoz José Manuel
Published: August 2011

Sex differences in activities of preschoolers were assessed during free-play time from observation of the behavior of 31 children (23 girls, 8 boys; M = 5 yr.). These differences were noted for the time girls and boys spent in the activities considered, boys spending more time in rough-and-tumble play and in agonistic activities and girls in organised games such as games with rules and role-play in addition to affiliative activities. Sex differences could be detected also in the distribution of time among various activities of the children during free-play in the three terms of the school year under consideration. From a developmental perspective, gender plays a fundamental role in the formation of play-networks in the first peer encounters. These peer groups, sexually segregated, are structuring and organizing during the academic year so “distinctive cultures” for boys and girls, besides consolidating this segregation facilitate the acquisition of advantageous social skill for later life.
Changes in the Behavior of Pet Owners across Generations
Authors: Kidd Aline H. , Kidd Robert M.
Published: August 2011

200 adults (100 men and 100 women with a mean age of 58.8 yr.) were interviewed to assess the associations of recollections about their grandparents' and parents' attitudes and their adults' attitudes and behaviors toward pets. Subjects were categorized into Never-owned pets, Always-owned pets, Owned-in-childhood-only, and Owned-in-adulthood-only groups ( ns = 25). Subjects were asked about their present and past ownership and experiences, and the attitudes toward ownership of pets by their grandparents and parents. Although the literature suggests that childhood experiences strongly affect adults' attitudes toward pets, there were no differences in attitudes between adults who had always owned pets and those who owned pets only during adulthood. These two groups had significantly more grandparents and parents who owned pets than did the other two groups. Significantly more subjects who had owned pets only during childhood reported unpleasant experiences with pets than did subjects of the other three groups. Subjects who had owned pets only during adulthood were persuaded by their children or significant others to acquire pets to which they became very attached.
Relationship between Time Structure and Procrastination
Authors: Vodanovich Stephen J. , Seib Hope M.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between time structure and procrastination was investigated among 115 Irish undergraduate students. Significant negative zero-order correlations were found among scores for all five subscales of time structure and procrastination. A follow-up stepwise multiple regression indicated a significant multiple correlation ( R = .61) between all five time structure subscale scores and procrastination. Significant predictors of procrastination were scores on the Time Structure subscales of Effective Organization followed by Sense of Purpose. These results suggest that strategies focusing on time management in conjunction with existential approaches of psychotherapy may be an effective intervention for reducing procrastination.