bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective Potential of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract in Diabetic Rat Liver
Authors: N.K. Gupta , N. Srivastva , P. Bubber , S. Garg , O. Mohammad
Published: June 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a debilitating metabolic disorder and emerged as a major complication nowadays. The role of plants and their derivatives is indispensable in the treatment of various diseases. Azadirachta indica is a medicinal plant and holds a potential to attenuate the pathological changes associated with diabetes. In the present study streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats received the Azadirachta indica leaf extracts (ALE) treatment for a period of seven consecutive days (600 mg/Kg body weight) and then evaluated for changes in the liver tissue. The diabetic rats exhibited significant (p≤0.001) increase in the lipid peroxidation levels, decrease in GSH levels and modulation in the activities of various antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. However, following ALE treatment to diabetic rats reported decrease in the blood glucose levels, lipid peroxidation levels, improved GSH levels and restored the activities of various antioxidant enzymes towards control levels. Besides this, light microscopic and ultramicroscopic examination of liver tissue also demonstrated less fragmentation, inflammation and decreased tissue level damage after ALE treatment, and corroborated the results of biochemical parameters. Thus, the results of present study revealed the hepatoprotective potential of Azadirachta indica in diabetes
Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potential of the Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)
Authors: C E C Ugwoke , J. Orji , S P G Anze , C V Ilodibia
Published: June 2017

Background: Plants contain secondary metabolites or phytochemicals, which when consumed by humans give therapeutic
effect. This study therefore analyzed the phytochemical composition of Chromolaena odorata so as to give an idea of its
possible pharmacological potentials. An antimicrobial assay was also carried out to verify claims on its use in the treatment
of infectious diseases. Methods: The experimental procedure involved collection of the leaf, stem and root of the plant
from the wild, authenticating the samples and drying under shade to facilitate pulverization. Preliminary qualitative and
quantitative phytochemical analyses were done using standard methods to reveal the presence and percentage composition
of basic phytochemicals. The powder was also macerated in ethanol and water to produce ethanol and aqueous crude
extracts that were reconstituted in normal saline to concentrations (mg/ml) of 150, 100, 75 and 50. Clinical isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were screened for
sensitivity to the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The plant parts contain alkaloids, tannins,
flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and sterols at varying concentrations. The leaf however had
highest concentration of almost all phytochemicals present. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was concentrationdependent
in all parts of the plant and both extracts. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were most susceptible while
Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were least susceptible with an average Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) of about 8 –
10 mm. Conclusion: The substantial quantity of the basic phytochemicals in Chromolaena odorata could render it a utility
plant in therapeutic use. Due to the profound antimicrobial effect as revealed by the IZDs, the plant could be classified as
a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Thus, the claim on its potency in treatment of infectious diseases by traditional
medical practitioners could be said to be justified.
Modelling Blood Pressure in Stenosed Coronary Arteries
Authors: Szabó Viktor , Jenei Csaba , Halász Gábor
Published: June 2017

In this paper a 1D model is presented for the simulation of blood flow in stenosed coronary arteries. The model was developed by implementing a special boundary counditions in a previously published arterial blood flow model. The stenosis as well as the arterioles were modelled as linear resistances. Using patient-specific parameters, blood flow can be calculated for different inlet flow rates. The model was used to simulate blood pressure waveforms of 5 patients diagnosed with coronary stenosis. Simulation results show good agreement with measurement data.
Speculative Modernism: Proust and the Stock Market
Authors: Freed-Thall Hannah
Published: June 2017

This article argues that practices of gambling and stock-market speculation shaped Marcel Proust's aesthetic imagination. What drew Proust to speculation was not only the thrill of sudden losses or gains, but the experience of mediated connectivity itself. Proust loved the anticipation, gossip, and queer sociability that speculation afforded him, and he mobilized a strategy of wild expenditure calculated to draw others close. Attending to the effects of speculation brings out a new side of In Search of Lost Time, revealing a narrative that foregrounds the pleasures of intimacy at a distance, and stages scene after scene of erotic, aesthetic, and epistemological mis-estimation and surprise.
‘The pilot's periplus’: Ezra Pound, Cyril Connolly, and the Forms of Late Modernist Travel
Authors: Williams Annabel
Published: June 2017

This article argues that unexamined connections between Ezra Pound and Cyril Connolly illuminate a remodelling of form in late modernist travel writing, in a period when the genre was threatened by wartime restrictions on movement. In Cyril Connolly's The Unquiet Grave (1944) and Ezra Pound's The Pisan Cantos (1948), the ‘intellectual voyage’ becomes a compensatory response to the authors’ enforced stasis during the Second World War, and to their separation from those places in Europe whose influence was integral to their aesthetic sensibilities. Both writers adapt some of the formal strategies of high modernism to respond to this. The resulting late modernist form might be thought of as a ‘periplus’: like the navigational chart, it is shaped by a subjective ‘pilot's perspective’, and in communicating the writers’ journeys it relies on the affective quality of movement. In both works, structural and figurative motifs of the waveform in states of flux and recession reflect the writers’ compromising positions between nostalgia or escapism, and innovation.
Detection of GeV Gamma-Rays from HESS J1534−571 and Multiwavelength Implications for the Origin of the Nonthermal Emission
Authors: Araya Miguel
Published: June 2017

HESS J1534−571 is a very high-energy gamma-ray source that was discovered by the H.E.S.S. observatory and reported as one of several new sources with a shell-like morphology at TeV energies, matching in size and location with the supernova remnant (SNR) G323.7−1.0 discovered in radio observations by the Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey. Many known TeV shells also show X-ray emission; however, no X-ray counterpart has been seen for HESS J1534−571. The detection of a new GeV source using data from the Fermi satellite that is compatible in extension with the radio SNR and shows a very hard power-law spectrum

is presented here, together with the first broadband modeling of the nonthermal emission from this source. It is shown that leptonic emission is compatible with the known multiwavelength data and a corresponding set of physical source parameters is given. The required total energy budget in leptons is reasonable, ∼1.5 × 1048 erg for a distance to the object of 5 kpc. The new GeV observations imply that a hadronic scenario, on the other hand, requires a cosmic-ray spectrum that deviates considerably from theoretical expectations of particle acceleration.
New Evidence for a Coronal Mass Ejection-driven High Frequency Type II Burst near the Sun
Authors: Kumari Anshu , Ramesh R. , Kathiravan C. , Gopalswamy N.
Published: June 2017

We report observations of the high frequency type II radio burst (≈430–30 MHz) that occurred in the solar corona on 2015 November 4. The drift rate of the burst, estimated close to the start frequency of its fundamental component (≈215 MHz), is unusually high (≈2 MHz s−1). Our analysis shows that the estimated speed of the magnetohydrodynamic shock driver of the burst varies with time. The peak speed and acceleration are very large,

and

, respectively. There is spatio-temporal correlation between the type II burst and the associated coronal mass ejection (CME) in the whitelight and extreme-ultraviolet images. The time profile of the shock speed and the light curve of the associated soft X-ray flare correlate well. These results indicate that in the present case, (i) the magnetohydrodynamic shock responsible for the high frequency coronal type II burst is driven by the CME and (ii) the time profile of the type II burst shock speed represents the near-Sun kinematics of the CME.
The Dense-gas Mass versus Star Formation Rate Relation: A Misleading Linearity?
Authors: Parmentier G.
Published: June 2017

We model the star formation relation of molecular clumps in dependence of their dense-gas mass when their volume density profile is that of an isothermal sphere (i.e.,

). Dense gas is defined as gas whose volume density is higher than a threshold

(i.e., HCN(1-0)-mapped gas). We divide the clump into two regions: a dense inner region (where

), and low-density outskirts (where

). We find that the total star formation rate of clumps scales linearly with the mass of their dense inner region, even when more than half of the clump star formation activity takes place in the low-density outskirts. We therefore emphasize that a linear star formation relation does not necessarily imply that star formation takes place exclusively in the gas whose mass is given by the star formation relation. The linearity of the star formation relation is strengthened when we account for the mass of dense fragments (e.g., cores, fibers) seeding star formation in the low-density outskirts, and which our adopted clump density profile

does not resolve. We also find that the star formation relation is significantly tighter when considering the dense gas than when considering all the clump gas, as observed for molecular clouds of the Galactic plane. When the clumps have no low-density outskirts (i.e., they consist of dense gas only), the star formation relation becomes superlinear and progressively wider.
Measuring the Properties of Dark Energy with Photometrically Classified Pan-STARRS Supernovae. I. Systematic Uncertainty from Core-collapse Supernova Contamination
Authors: Jones D. O. , Scolnic D. M. , Riess A. G. , Kessler R. , Rest A. , Kirshner R. P. , Berger E. , Ortega C. A. , Foley R. J. , Chornock R. , Challis P. J. , Burgett W. S. , Chambers K. C. , Draper P. W. , Flewelling H. , Huber M. E. , Kaiser N. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Metcalfe N. , Wainscoat R. J. , Waters C.
Published: June 2017

The Pan-STARRS (PS1) Medium Deep Survey discovered over 5000 likely supernovae (SNe) but obtained spectral classifications for just 10% of its SN candidates. We measured spectroscopic host galaxy redshifts for 3147 of these likely SNe and estimate that ∼1000 are Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) with light-curve quality sufficient for a cosmological analysis. We use these data with simulations to determine the impact of core-collapse SN (CC SN) contamination on measurements of the dark energy equation of state parameter, w. Using the method of Bayesian Estimation Applied to Multiple Species (BEAMS), distances to SNe Ia and the contaminating CC SN distribution are simultaneously determined. We test light-curve-based SN classification priors for BEAMS as well as a new classification method that relies upon host galaxy spectra and the association of SN type with host type. By testing several SN classification methods and CC SN parameterizations on large SN simulations, we estimate that CC SN contamination gives a systematic error on w (

) of 0.014, 29% of the statistical uncertainty. Our best method gives

, just 8% of the statistical uncertainty, but could be affected by incomplete knowledge of the CC SN distribution. This method determines the SALT2 color and shape coefficients, α and β, with ∼3% bias. However, we find that some variants require α and β to be fixed to known values for BEAMS to yield accurate measurements of w. Finally, the inferred abundance of bright CC SNe in our sample is greater than expected based on measured CC SN rates and luminosity functions.
The Uncertainty of Local Background Magnetic Field Orientation in Anisotropic Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Gerick F. , Saur J. , Papen M. von
Published: June 2017

In order to resolve and characterize anisotropy in turbulent plasma flows, a proper estimation of the background magnetic field is crucially important. Various approaches to calculating the background magnetic field, ranging from local to globally averaged fields, are commonly used in the analysis of turbulent data. We investigate how the uncertainty in the orientation of a scale-dependent background magnetic field influences the ability to resolve anisotropy. Therefore, we introduce a quantitative measure, the angle uncertainty, that characterizes the uncertainty of the orientation of the background magnetic field that turbulent structures are exposed to. The angle uncertainty can be used as a condition to estimate the ability to resolve anisotropy with certain accuracy. We apply our description to resolve the spectral anisotropy in fast solar wind data. We show that, if the angle uncertainty grows too large, the power of the turbulent fluctuations is attributed to false local magnetic field angles, which may lead to an incorrect estimation of the spectral indices. In our results, an apparent robustness of the spectral anisotropy to false local magnetic field angles is observed, which can be explained by a stronger increase of power for lower frequencies when the scale of the local magnetic field is increased. The frequency-dependent angle uncertainty is a measure that can be applied to any turbulent system.
Energetic Particles of keV–MeV Energies Observed near Reconnecting Current Sheets at 1 au
Authors: Khabarova Olga V. , Zank Gary P.
Published: June 2017

We provide evidence for particle acceleration up to ∼5 MeV at reconnecting current sheets in the solar wind based on both case studies and a statistical analysis of the energetic ion and electron flux data from the five Advanced Composition Explorer Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor (EPAM) detectors. The case study of a typical reconnection exhaust event reveals (i) a small-scale peak of the energetic ion flux observed in the vicinity of the reconnection exhaust and (ii) a long-timescale atypical energetic particle event (AEPE) encompassing the reconnection exhaust. AEPEs associated with reconnecting strong current sheets last for many hours, even days, as confirmed by statistical studies. The case study shows that time-intensity profiles of the ion flux may vary significantly from one EPAM detector to another partially because of the local topology of magnetic fields, but mainly because of the impact of upstream magnetospheric events; therefore, the occurrence of particle acceleration can be hidden. The finding of significant particle energization within a time interval of ±30 hr around reconnection exhausts is supported by a superposed epoch analysis of 126 reconnection exhaust events. We suggest that energetic particles initially accelerated via prolonged magnetic reconnection are trapped and reaccelerated in small- or medium-scale magnetic islands surrounding the reconnecting current sheet, as predicted by the transport theory of Zank et al. Other mechanisms of initial particle acceleration can contribute also.
Implications for Post-processing Nucleosynthesis of Core-collapse Supernova Models with Lagrangian Particles
Authors: Harris J. Austin , Hix W. Raphael , Chertkow Merek A. , Lee C. T. , Lentz Eric J. , Messer O. E. Bronson
Published: June 2017

We investigate core-collapse supernova (CCSN) nucleosynthesis with self-consistent, axisymmetric (2D) simulations performed using the neutrino hydrodynamics code Chimera. Computational costs have traditionally constrained the evolution of the nuclear composition within multidimensional CCSN models to, at best, a 14-species α-network capable of tracking only

reactions from 4He to 60Zn. Such a simplified network limits the ability to accurately evolve detailed composition and neutronization or calculate the nuclear energy generation rate. Lagrangian tracer particles are commonly used to extend the nuclear network evolution by incorporating more realistic networks into post-processing nucleosynthesis calculations. However, limitations such as poor spatial resolution of the tracer particles; inconsistent thermodynamic evolution, including misestimation of expansion timescales; and uncertain determination of the multidimensional mass cut at the end of the simulation impose uncertainties inherent to this approach. We present a detailed analysis of the impact of such uncertainties for four self-consistent axisymmetric CCSN models initiated from solar-metallicity, nonrotating progenitors of 12, 15, 20, and 25 

and evolved with the smaller α-network to more than 1 s after the launch of an explosion.
Radar Detectability Studies of Slow and Small Zodiacal Dust Cloud Particles. III. The Role of Sodium and the Head Echo Size on the Probability of Detection
Authors: Janches D. , Swarnalingam N. , Carrillo-Sanchez J. D. , Gomez-Martin J. C. , Marshall R. , Nesvorný D. , Plane J. M. C. , Feng W. , Pokorný P.
Published: June 2017

We present a path forward on a long-standing issue concerning the flux of small and slow meteoroids, which are believed to be the dominant portion of the incoming meteoric mass flux into the Earth’s atmosphere. Such a flux, which is predicted by dynamical dust models of the Zodiacal Cloud, is not evident in ground-based radar observations. For decades this was attributed to the fact that the radars used for meteor observations lack the sensitivity to detect this population, due to the small amount of ionization produced by slow-velocity meteors. Such a hypothesis has been challenged by the introduction of meteor head echo (HE) observations with High Power and Large Aperture radars, in particular the Arecibo 430 MHz radar. Janches et al. developed a probabilistic approach to estimate the detectability of meteors by these radars and initially showed that, with the current knowledge of ablation and ionization, such particles should dominate the detected rates by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the actual observations. In this paper, we include results in our model from recently published laboratory measurements, which showed that (1) the ablation of Na is less intense covering a wider altitude range; and (2) the ionization probability,

β

ip

, for Na atoms in the air is up to two orders of magnitude smaller for low speeds than originally believed. By applying these results and using a somewhat smaller size of the HE radar target we offer a solution that reconciles these observations with model predictions.
Long-Term Persistence of HCV NS5A Resistance-Associated Substitutions after Treatment with the HCV NS5A Inhibitor, Ledipasvir, without Sofosbuvir
Authors: Wyles David , Mangia Alessandra , Cheng Wendy , Shafran Stephen , Schwabe Christian , Ouyang Wen , Hedskog Charlotte , McNally John , Brainard Diana M , Doehle Brian P , Svarovskaia Evguenia , Miller Michael D , Mo Hongmei , Dvory-Sobol Hadas
Published: June 2017

Background

Data on persistence of NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) may have implications for resistance testing approaches and selection of initial and retreatment strategies.

Methods

Long-term persistence of NS5A RASs in HCV genotype (GT) 1 infected subjects ( n=76) who did not achieve sustained virological response after receiving ledipasvir (LDV) without sofosbuvir (SOF) and were subsequently enrolled in an ongoing 3-year follow-up registry study was investigated by population or deep sequencing.

Results

Of the 76 subjects enrolled, 67 and 9 subjects had GT1a and GT1b infection, respectively. At pretreatment, NS5A RASs were detected in 14% of subjects (11/76) by population sequencing, with three subjects having >1 RAS. All RASs that were detected at pretreatment persisted and were observed at the 96 week visit in the follow-up study (FU96). For the remaining subjects with no detectable RASs at pretreatment, RASs were detected in 98% (63/64) of subjects at virological failure in the parent study and persisted at detectable levels through FU96 in 86% of subjects by deep sequencing (1% cutoff). However, a decline in the quasispecies frequency of most RASs and the number of RASs per subject was observed over time. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that the majority of NS5A RASs confer similar levels of resistance to LDV and daclatasvir.

Conclusions

The majority of NS5A RASs can persist at detectable levels for >96 weeks post-treatment in subjects who failed treatment with regimens containing an NS5A inhibitor without SOF, suggesting relatively high fitness of NS5A RASs even in the absence of drug pressure.
Mapeamento de uso do solo da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Descoberto, no Distrito Federal, por meio de classificação orientada a objetos com base em imagem do satélite Landsat 8 e softwares livres
Authors: Chelotti Giancarlo Brugnara
Published: June 2017

A bacia hidrográfica do Alto Descoberto, principal fonte de água e responsável por 60% do abastecimento agrícola do Distrito Federal, vem sofrendo intensas alterações no uso da terra nos últimos anos, fazendo-se necessário seu monitoramento. No âmbito da classificação de imagens de satélite, a Classificação Orientada ao Objeto – OBIA (Objetc Based Image Analysis) vem ganhando importância. As técnicas utilizadas pela OBIA possuem uma nova abordagem, promovendo uma classificação baseada em objetos identificáveis na imagem, ao invés de pixels isolados. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta um mapa de uso e cobertura do solo da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Descoberto, obtido por meio de técnicas de OBIA com base em uma imagem obtida pelo satélite Landsat – 8 e uso exclusivo de softwares livres. As etapas desenvolvidas foram pré-processamento, segmentação, classificação por meio de amostras de treinamento e regras de decisão, e avaliação de qualidade. O resultado da classificação mostrou-se satisfatório, apresentando índices Kappa e Tau de 68,45% e 74,88%, respectivamente.
Dedução via geometria analítica das equações da lei dos cossenos da trigonometria esférica
Authors: Rocha Carlos Henrique Oliveira da
Published: June 2017

A Trigonometria Esférica é uma importante disciplina para a Geomática: dela advém diversos conceitos para a resolução dos problemas direto e indireto da Geodésia; é imprescindível para a resolução do Triângulo de Posição, da Astronomia e; é utilizada para a dedução da lei de formação de diversas Projeções Cartográficas, notadamente da Projeção Equidistante Azimutal, sendo a superfície de referência uma esfera.  As equações fundamentais para a resolução de Triângulos Esféricos são aquelas que compõem a chamada Lei dos Cossenos.  Deste modo, o presente trabalho pretende apresentar a dedução da Lei dos Cossenos, utilizando para isso da Geometria Analítica, tendo por pressuposto ser uma solução geral.  Como objetivo secundário, apresenta conceitos da Geometria Analítica, pois essa área da Matemática é também muito importante para a Geomática.
Ensaios laboratoriais em segmentação de imagens THEOS de parte do litoral norte paulista como requisito aos mapeamentos regionais de uso da Terra e cobertura vegetal
Authors: Ribeiro Gilberto Pessanha , Santos Artur Willcox dos , Junior Ubiratran De Souza Dias
Published: June 2017

De demandas de mapeamento cartográfico temático no contexto do projeto de pesquisa "Aplicação de geotecnologias na orientação do uso da Terra com base nos Impactos das mudanças climáticas globais: sub bacias hidrográficas litorâneas do estado de São Paulo e do estado do Rio de Janeiro", liderada pela Faculdade de Engenharia da UERJ e da colaboração eficaz com o Instituto Geológico do Estado de São Paulo, financiado pela FAPESP e FAPERJ, mapas foram produzidos de uso da Terra e cobertura vegetal, tanto com uso da banda pancromática como multiespectrais do sistema THEOS. Trata-se do sensor acoplado ao satélite tailandês THEOS (Thailand Earth Observation Satellite), que é o primeiro equipamento para observação da Terra naquele país, lançado em 1º de Outubro de 2008 por GISTDA - Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency. A fim de realizar experimentos de laboratório com imagens desse sistema, optou-se por usá-lo em mapeamento dos municípios costeiros paulistas Caraguatatuba e Ubatuba, e o mesmo foi feito com os municípios fluminenses de Paraty, Angra dos Reis e Mangaratiba. Os resultados deste mapeamento estão disponíveis em www.georeferencial.com.br e são aqui apresentados. Foram empregadas técnicas de processamento digital de imagens com uso dos sistemas SPRING e ENVI, e as escalas cartográficas finais 1/125.000 e 1/10.000, com bandas multi e pan, respectivamente. Serão destacados métodos de segmentação e de classificação supervisionada, com o objetivo de identificação de padrões de uso da Terra e cobertura vegetal. Resultados posteriores serão apresentados em relação ao mapeamento das planícies costeiras em face da explosão populacional e imobiliária de grande valor patrimonial nas zonas costeiras.
Análise sazonal dos ventos de superfície utilizando estação meteorológica automática
Authors: Pavanate André Luiz , Fleischfresser Luciano
Published: June 2017

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma análise sazonal dos ventos de superfície registrados por uma estação meteorológica automática entre os meses de Fevereiro e Dezembro de 2014. Os dados foram agrupados para o Verão, Outono, Inverno e Primavera, e visualizados utilizando diagramas de frequência e rosa dos ventos. O objetivo deste estudo é gerar uma climatologia do escoamento superficial nos arredores de um experimento onde as temperaturas internas de dois ambientes fechados idênticos são registradas para verificar a influência de telhado verde no controle térmico passivo. Os resultados indicaram que os ventos predominantes em 2014 foram de Sul e Leste. Inverno, primavera e verão foram as estações com os ventos mais intensos no período em análise. Também se verificou uma incidência significativa de ventos calmos (velocidades < 0,5 m/s) durante o outono e verão.
Análise das variações das altitudes obtidas com RTK visando o monitoramento de massas de água por meio de plataformas Eulerianas
Authors: Euriques Jorge Felipe , Krueger Claudia Pereira , Viski Anderson Renato
Published: June 2017

O monitoramento de corpos de água tem importância fundamental na gestão, prevenção e minimização dos efeitos diretos e indiretos provenientes de desastres naturais. Neste âmbito, a utilização de sistemas de posicionamento por satélites é pertinente, visto que atende as premissas inerentes a estes monitoramentos proporcionando diversas vantagens como agilidade, melhor relação custo - benefício e independência de condições climáticas. O escopo do presente trabalho é a análise das respostas obtidas a partir de variações controladas na altura de uma antena receptora, empregando-se o método de posicionamento diferencial em tempo real mediante o uso da técnica RTK (Real Time Kinematic) para verificação da aplicabilidade desta técnica em monitoramentos realizados por meio de plataformas Eulerianas. Na análise dos resultados verificou-se a discrepância máxima de 0,05m em condições ideais de rastreio. Nos casos em que existiam obstruções, embora de pequeno porte, as soluções foram obtidas por meio da medida do código conduzindo a discrepâncias acima de 4m. Portanto, conclui-se que o RTK pode ser empregado no monitoramento do nível de água desde que possíveis obstruções existentes entre estação de referência e a móvel não sejam significativas.
Filtragem adaptativa de Kalman aplicada a altitudes elipsoidais obtidas por receptores GPS visando o monitoramento de massas de água
Authors: Siqueira Kelvin William de Souza , Krueger Claudia Pereira , Dos Santos Daniel Rodrigues , Viski Anderson Renato , Da Costa Clauber Rogerio
Published: June 2017

As coordenadas estimadas por GPS (Global Positioning System) são afetadas por fatores sistemáticos, resultando em ruídos que comprometem a sua qualidade. É importante que tais ruídos sejam minimizados até que informação possa ser verificada com precisão adequada. Devido a tal fato, o Laboratório de Geodésia Espacial e Hidrografia (LAGEH/UFPR) investiu no desenvolvimento de um filtro que estime com melhor precisão o valor da altitude elipsoidal do nível de massas de água, suavizando os dados de plataformas Eulerianas. Foi escolhida a Filtragem Discreta de Kalman (FDK) a ser aplicada nos dados de rastreios GPS por meio de boias sob lâminas de água em movimento. Foram realizadas simulações computacionais e testes com dados coletados em campo, possibilitando a interpretação da filtragem. As médias calculadas com os dados pós-filtrados das simulações se mostraram mais acuradas que as originais, enquanto que o seu comportamento permitiu uma interpretação visual mais agradável. Os testes com os dados de campo permitiram uma verificação da minimização dos dados de amplitudes de 3,29 cm para altitudes constantes até 5,63 m para lâminas de água em movimento, melhorando a exatidão da média.
Geração de mapas de anomalia Bouguer a partir de dados gravimétricos terrestres e do EGM2008
Authors: Gagg Gilberto , Souza Sérgio Florêncio de
Published: June 2017

Um dos propósitos da determinação da gravidade é a obtenção das anomalias da gravidade. O campo de gravidade é um campo potencial e sofre influência da constituição geológica, pois a densidade das rochas gera pequenas variações nos valores de gravidade. As reduções matemáticas buscam eliminar a influência de fatores que interferem no campo de gravidade. A anomalia Bouguer remove o efeito gravitacional das rochas existentes entre o ponto de observação e o nível de referência. Dados da missão gravimétrica GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) tem auxiliado na densificação das informações, pois muitos modelos geopotenciais são deficientes devido a irregular distribuição dos dados gravimétricos. Assim, efetuou-se um estudo para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul-RS, visando gerar mapas de anomalia Bouguer através de uma análise gravimétrica sob dois aspectos: uso exclusivo de dados do modelo EGM2008 (envolve uso de dados GRACE), e uso combinado de dados EGM2008 (porção oceânica e porção continental externa ao RS) com dados terrestres de campo para o Rio Grande do Sul. Concluiu-se que o emprego de dados de missão satelitais facilmente acessíveis, permitiu gerar mapas de anomalias Bouguer que atendem objetivos de cunho geral e até regional, com a vantagem de serem atuais e uniformemente espaçados.
Editorial
Authors: Aguiar Claudinei Rodrigues de
Published: June 2017

Editorial
Grupo escolar Agadir Talborjt
Authors: Zevaco J. F.
Published: June 2017

Este grupo escolar, del que se acaba de realizar la primera parte, está situado en el barrio de Talborjt, sobre un terreno que acusa una fuerte pendiente hacia el Noreste y Sudeste.
Puesto central de defensa pasiva
Authors: Evan Kennedy R.
Published: June 2017

La ciudad de Portland, Oregón (EE. UU.), está terminando la construcción de un centro subterráneo, destinado a la defensa civil del casco urbano, que, en caso de emergencia, tendrá por objeto la dirección y rehabilitación de los servicios que un ataque o desastre local pudieran devastar. El refugio dispondrá de facilidades para poder acomodar al gobierno con sede en la ciudad. Este proyecto, de larga incubación hasta llegar al estado de ejecución, ha previsto la instalación en el refugio de los servicios siguientes: policía, contra incendios, ingeniería, médicos, beneficencia y jefaturas varias. También se han previsto los servicios de prensa y radio.
 Percepções das famílias sobre os hábitos alimentares da criança que está obesa/Perceptions of families about the eating habits of the child who is obese
Authors: Iervolino Solange Abrocesi , Silva Aline Arins da , Lopes Graziele Dos Santos Savaget Paiva Lopes
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a influência familiar nos hábitos alimentares de crianças de 6 a 10 anos que estão obesas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 20 familiares e 33 crianças, matriculadas em escolas do norte de Santa Catarina. Realizou-se aferição de medidas antropométricas, cálculo de índice de massa corpórea, entrevistas e atividade educativa. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um formulário semiestruturado. As entrevistas foram transcritas e tratadas segundo análise temática. Os dados resultaram em duas categorias:Percepção das famílias quanto aos hábitos, preferências e qualidade da alimentação dos filhos e Influência familiar na alimentação das crianças. Constatou-se que as famílias já compreenderam que suas atitudes interferem na preferência alimentar dos filhos; que eles não possuem hábitos alimentares saudáveis, porque elas não os têm também; que existe dificuldade em ensinar bons costumes alimentares devido à falta de convivência diária entre os membros da família, pela longa jornada de trabalho dos pais. Dessa forma,a escola, depois da família, exerce forte influência nos hábitos alimentares das crianças, portanto são necessárias novas estratégias que fortaleçam a participação de todos os envolvidos na busca de recursos que ensinem às crianças hábitos saudáveis de vida.
Investigation of Heat Assisted High Speed End Milling of Soda Lime Glass for Surface Generation
Authors: Konneh Mohamed , Bagum Mst. Nasima , Nurul Amin A.K.M. , Asyah Amira Fatin
Published: June 2017

Brittle materials like soda lime glass can be machined in ductile mode under controlled machining conditions (feed rate, depth of cut, small tool edge radius) using high speed to generate a desired surface finish. The heat generated in high speed machining tends to promote ductile machining. In this paper, heat assisted high speed end milling is investigated to explore machinability of the soda lime glass. The heat assisted machining thus generates low surface finish on the machined workpiece. The heat assisted high speed end milling of soda lime was carried out using uncoated 2 flute carbide end mill at a constant depth of cut 25 μm, while the spindle speed and feed rate were varied from 30,000 to 50,000 rpm and 45 to 75 mm/min, respectively. The applied temperature was varied from 200 °C to 300 °C. The observations of machined surface were done on Surf-test (SV-514) and Scanning Electron microscope (SEM). A quadratic model for roughness (Ra) was developed using Central Composite Design of experiment. The optimum Ra, 0.10 μm was achieved at 49,570 rpm, 58 mm/min feed rate and heating temperature at 238°C. It is found that cutting speed has the greatest influence on the surface roughness value, followed by feed rate and heating temperature.
Formation of Nano-Scale FeCO3 Protective Corrosion Product in Carbon Dioxide-Saturated 3% Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Kakooei Saeid , Ismail Mokhtar Che , Raja Bothi , Mohebbi Hamed , Emamian Seyed Sattar , Moayedfar Majid
Published: June 2017

Corrosion of carbon steel in CO2 saturated NaCl solution contains the formation of FeCO3, as a corrosion product. The protective property of the formed FeCO3 scale layer to corrosion in brine solutions containing CO2 was established as the possible cause of the corrosion rate decrease above 60 °C. In this study, formation of nanoscale FeCO3 film as a corrosion product of X52 carbon steel in CO2-Saturated 3% NaCl solution was investigated. Result showed that corrosion rate decreased after precipitation and formation of protective FeCO3 film in high temperature and high bulk solution pH.
The Effects on Microstructure and Hardness of 0.28% Vanadium and 0.87% Nickel Alloyed Ductile Iron after Boronizing Process
Authors: Muhammad Yusof Khalissah , Abdullah Bulan , Idham Mohd Faizul , Saad Nor Hayati
Published: June 2017

Boronizing/boriding is a thermo mechanical process which produced protective surface layers to enhance the performance of engineering components utilized in mechanical, wear and corrosion. The present study investigate the microstructure and the hardness of boride layers formed on 0.28% Vanadium and 0.87% Nickel alloyed ductile iron after boronizing process. Specimens were boronized at 950° C for 6, 8 and 10 hours holding time before being cooled in the furnace. The microstructure and boride layer formed on the surface of substrates were observed under Olympus BX60 Optical Microscope. Vickers Micro Hardness Tester was also performed to determine the hardness of boride layers. Boride layer was formed by diffusion of the boron into the metal lattice at the surface which composed double phase of FeB and Fe2B with saw-tooth morphology. The results of this study indicated that the thickness of boride layers increased from 109.8μm at 6 hours to 195.4μm at 8 hours holding time before they crack at 10 hours. The hardness of the material surface also increased from 1535 HV to 1623 HV at 6 and 8 hours respectively. In conclusion, the microstructure, borides thickness and hardness of borides layer were depending on boronizing time while temperature kept constant.
Locally compact lacunary hyperbolic groups
Authors: Le Boudec Adrien
Published: June 2017

We investigate the class of locally compact lacunary hyperbolic groups. We prove that if a locally compact compactly generated group

G

admits one asymptotic cone that is a real tree and whose natural transitive isometric action is focal, then

G

must be a focal hyperbolic group. As an application, we characterize connected Lie groups and linear algebraic groups over an ultrametric local eld of characteristic zero having cut-points in one asymptotic cone.

We prove several results for locally compact lacunary hyperbolic groups, and extend the characterization of nitely generated lacunary hyperbolic groups to the setting of locally compact groups. We moreover answer a question of Olshanskii, Osin and Sapir about subgroups of lacunary hyperbolic groups.
Limit directions for Lorentzian Coxeter systems
Authors: Chen Hao , Labbé Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2017

Every Coxeter group admits a geometric representation as a group generated by reflections in a real vector space. In the projective representation space of a Coxeter group, limit directions arising from a point are accumulation points of the orbit of this point. In particular, limit directions arising from roots are called limit roots. Recent studies show that limit roots lie on the isotropic cone of the representation space. In this paper, we study limit directions of Coxeter groups arising from any point when the representation space is a Lorentz space. We prove that the limit roots are the only light-like limit directions, and characterize the limit roots using eigenvectors of infinite-order elements. Then we describe the structure of space-like limit directions in terms of the projective Coxeter arrangement. Some non-Lorentzian cases are also discussed.
Non-amenability and visual Gromov hyperbolic spaces
Authors: Koivisto Juhani
Published: June 2017

We prove that a uniformly coarsely proper hyperbolic cone over a bounded metric space consisting of a finite union of uniformly coarsely connected components each containing at least two points is non-amenable and apply this to visual Gromov hyperbolic spaces.
Modification of strength properties of soil-aggregate system on cement addition
Authors: Singh Rahul , Patel Dhirendra
Published: June 2017

Addition of chemical or cementitious additives is very effective in increasing the strength of soil. The effectiveness of these additives depends on the soil treated and the amount of additive used. In the present work in place of soil alone Soil-Aggregate mix is taken into consideration and the same is tested for strength parameters by increasing doses of cement addition. Soil-Aggregate mixture can be effectively used as base and subbase layer of a flexible pavement system. For assessing strength parameters tests such as Density determination, CBR and UCS are done with varying doses of cement. Wetting and drying tests are also performed for durability of Soil-Aggregate mix. Result shows an increase in the CBR and UCS value of the soil on increasing cement doses to Soil-Aggregate mix. Also results of durability test shows that increasing doses of cement addition is helpful in reducing the loss in weight of Soil-Aggregate mix. Results of standard proctor test shows that cement addition to Soil-Aggregate mix helps in reducing OMC increasing MDD value of soil. The optimum dose is then selected based on test conducted and results obtained.Keywords: Soil-aggregate mixtures, Cement, CBR, UCS, MDD, OMC, durability
Profiling application potential for alkali treated sisal fiber-polypropylene composite in Ashby material-property plots
Authors: Mokaloba N
Published: June 2017

The effect of alkali treatment on sisal fiber from the plant agave sisalana in appropriation for composite material application is presented. Effectiveness of the fiber’s reinforcement potential within polypropylene (PP) matrix is evaluated through morphological analysis, crystallinity levels, and tensile, where ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 580 MPa are obtained. The performance property of the resultant composite is comparatively profiled against equivalent material systems in Ashby material property charts, where suitability for light, low-flexure and stiffness limited design applications is evident. Based on the fiber’s non-uniform and irregular geometrical variation, the structural characteristics of the fiber is described by the two-parameter Weibull statistical technique, applied as control to ascertain experimentally determined parameters. The fiber diameters ranged from 148 μm to 304 μm and exhibited corbel-arch and horse-shoe morphology. The composite is of a randomly oriented short-fiber architecture, 0.23 fiber volume fraction. This study concludes that drawbacks to realizing functional cellulosic fiber-polymeric composites can be achieved by the judicious integrated choice of (i) methodology of fiber modification, (ii) proper fiber characterization, and (iii) optimization of processing parameters.Keywords: Ashby plot, Weibull analysis, sisal-fiber composite, alkali treatment
Temporal and Spatial Variations in Total Suspended and Dissolved Solids in the Upper Part of Manoa Stream, Hawaii
Authors: Augustijn Denie , Fares Ali , Tran Dai Nghia
Published: June 2017

Hawaiian watersheds are small, steep, and receive high intensity rainfall events of non-uniform distribution. These geographic and weather patterns result in flashy streams of strongly variable water quality even within various stream segments. Total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were used to investigate the variability in water quality in the upper part of Manoa Stream in Honolulu, Hawaii. With a few interruptions, water samples were taken on a daily basis between September 2005 and June 2006. The samples were analyzed for TSS and TDS, and varied from almost 0 to 724 and to 302 mg L-1, respectively. During the raining season (October through March) TSS and TDS were more variable, and TSS was higher than in the dry season (April through June). No relation was observed between TSS and TDS and discharge. This may be explained by the heterogeneous rainfall distribution which causes varying contributions from different sources. During one rainfall event TSS and TDS also varied considerably in time. Both TSS and TDS showed increasing trends going downstream suggesting that the urbanized area generates more suspended and dissolved matter than the forested conservation area upstream. However, given the large variability in TSS and TDS, the increasing trend downstream is associated with high uncertainty. The results of this study stress the necessity of recognizing the variability in water quality of small streams for setting up a monitoring strategy, adopting a modeling approach to predict water quality or extrapolating data from limited samples to annual loads in coastal regions.
Identification of Factors Most Important for Ammonia Emission from Fertilized Soils for Potato Production Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Liu Guodong , Li Yuncong , Migliaccio Kati W. , Ouyang Ying , Alva Ashok K.
Published: June 2017

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from fertilized soils are a costly problem that is undermining agricultural and ecological sustainability worldwide. Ammonia emissions from crop production have been reliably documented in recent years. However, insufficient efforts have been made to determine the factors most influential in facilitating NH3 emissions. The goal of this study was to identify the principal factors facilitating NH3 emissions from fertilized soils for potato production by means of principal component analysis (PCA). A dataset consisting of 14 different variables and 600 determinations of NH3 emission rates was geometrically classified into 5 zones, and then analyzed with the PCA technique. The data used in this analysis originated from an incubation experiment involving four major potato production soils (two from Washington State and two from Florida, USA), five N sources, two soil water regimes, three incubation temperatures and five measurement dates of NH3 emission rates during 28 days of incubation: Day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. Ammonia emission rates was classified into five distinct zones. In the five zones the total variance in NH3 emission was accounted for as follows: soil particle size distribution, electrical conductivity (EC), field capacity, and bulk density, 47%; fertilizer sources, 15%; soil pH, 12%; and soil temperature and the soil water regime 9%. The effects of the principal components on NH3 emission in descending order were as follows:soil type > fertilizer source > soil pH > soil temperature and water regime. Therefore, NH3 emissions could be reduced potentially with amendment of coarse textured agricultural soils to reduce their bulk density, selection of fertilizers to lessen those with the ammonium compounds, use of amendments to lower soil pH, and optimal water management.