bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Гидрологический режим обской губы в зимний период и его связь с климатическими изменениями региона, "Современные исследования трансформации криосферы и вопросы геотехнической безопасности сооружений в Арктике"
Authors: Тихонов В.В. , Романов А.Н. , Хвостов И.В. , Алексеева Т.А. , Синицкий А.И. , Тихонова М.В. , Шарков Е.А. , Комарова Н.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Выполнен анализ сезонных и межгодовых зависимостей яркостной температуры различных областей Обской губы в период ледостава, полученных по данным радиометра MIRAS спутника SMOS. Проведенные исследования показали, что в начале Обской губы наблюдается схожая с пресноводными озерами сезонная и межгодовая динамика яркостной температуры, при приближении к акватории Карского моря эта динамика нарушается и в северной части губы становится схожей с динамикой яркостной температуры центральной области Карского моря. Изменение сезонной динамики яркостной температуры различных областей Обской губы происходит в период ледостава. Такое изменение объясняется авторами увеличением солености воды подо льдом. В период ледостава, зона смешения пресных и соленых вод может сдвигаться далеко в южную часть Обской губы. Смещение фронтальной зоны в зимний период объясняется климатическими изменениями региона, определяющими речной сток и состояние многолетнемерзлых пород.
Проблемы применения концепции «зимнего города» на территории Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа (пример Надыма), "Современные исследования трансформации криосферы и вопросы геотехнической безопасности сооружений в Арктике"
Authors: Федоров Р.Ю. , Сизов О.С. , Куклина В.В. , Соромотин А.В. , Эзау И.Н.
Published: December 2021

На примере города Надым, расположенного в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе, рассмотрены социально-экологические проблемы развития зеленых, голубых и белых открытых городских пространств. Сделан вывод, что для таких городов как Надым, с преобладанием в течение года отрицательных температур, целесообразно обращение к получившей развитие в последние десятилетия концепции «зимнего города». Реализацию принципов данной концепции можно рассматривать в качестве одного из факторов устойчивого развития урбанизированных территорий Арктической зоны Российской Федерации.
Усовершенствование наблюдений за деформациями оснований и фундаментов зданий и сооружений, расположенных в зоне распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов, "Современные исследования трансформации криосферы и вопросы геотехнической безопасности сооружений в
Authors: Филимонова В.К. , Гилев Н.Г. , Павлов М.С. , Пузанков Д.В. , Погоржальский Д.Е.
Published: December 2021

Анализ деформаций является важной задачей для каждого региона нашей страны, в особенности для тех территорий, на которых наблюдается изменение земной поверхности. В настоящее время основным методом измерения деформаций оснований и фундаментов зданий и сооружений является метод геометрического нивелирования I и II классов. В связи с тем, что данный метод имеет ряд недостатков, в докладе предлагаются альтернативные автоматизированные системы для проведения измерения деформаций оснований и фундаментов зданий и сооружений, которые позволят оптимизировать рабочий процесс и повысить качество производства работ.
Результаты комплексных инженерно-геокриологических и геофизических исследований на территории музейного комплекса Обдорский острог в Салехарде, "Современные исследования трансформации криосферы и вопросы геотехнической безопасности сооружений в Арктике"
Authors: Царев А.М. , Дроздов Д.С. , Опокина О.Л. , Садуртдинов М.Р. , Скворцов А.Г. , Судакова М.С.
Published: December 2021

В 2020 году на территории музейного комплекса Обдорский острога в Салехарде был выполнен комплекс инженерно-геокриологических и геофизических исследований с целью изучения геокриологических условий и пространственной локализации мерзлотника, расположенного в его пределах. В результате исследований показано, что в остроге кровля многолетнемерзлых пород расположена на глубине 4-6м. Уточнено плановое положение мерзлотника, определена его глубина. По результатам исследований установлена мощность сезонно-мерзлого слоя на момент проведения работ и выявлены особенности напряжено-деформированного состояния грунтового массива на территории острога и прилегающем склоне.
Изменение физических свойств мерзлых гидратосодержащих пород при диссоциации порового гидрата, "Современные исследования трансформации криосферы и вопросы геотехнической безопасности сооружений в Арктике"
Authors: Чувилин Е.М. , Буханов Б.А. , Гребенкин С.И. , Давлетшина Д.А. , Жмаев М.В. , Писсаренко Д.В.
Published: December 2021

Газовые гидраты в криолитозоны могут находиться в подмерзлотных и внутримерзлотных горизонтах. Внутримерзлотные газогидратные скопления неоднократно отмечались при бурении скважин в Арктике. Кроме того, имеются данные о наличии метастабильных (реликтовых) газогидратных скоплений выше по разрезу мерзлых пород до глубин 150 м при давлении ниже равновесного в условиях проявления эффекта самоконсервации. Реликтовые гидраты крайне чувствительны к различным внешним воздействиям (включая техногенное воздействие) и создают серьезные геологические риски при разведке, разработке и добыче углеводородов. Их диссоциация (разложение) может быть причиной активной эмиссии метана и возникновения взрывных процессов с образованием кратерообразных форм рельефа в верхних горизонтах мерзлой толщи. В этой связи особый интерес представляет изучение физических свойств (в первую очередь физико-механических, теплофизических и фильтрационных) мерзлых пород, содержащих реликтовые газогидратные образования. В данной работе на основе экспериментального моделирования показано, что газовая проницаемость, теплопроводность и прочность мерзлых гидратосодержащих пород, находящихся в условиях диссоциации поровых гидратов, могут изменяться в несколько раз, а их значения во многом определяются соотношением количества ледяной и гидратной компоненты.
Криолитозона шельфа и прилегающей суши как информация о четвертичной истории российской Арктики, "Современные исследования трансформации криосферы и вопросы геотехнической безопасности сооружений в Арктике"
Authors: Шполянская Н.А.
Published: December 2021

Криолитозона, занимающая практически весь Арктический шельф России, представленная как реликтовыми, так и современными (вновь образующимися) мерзлыми породами, является источником информации о четвертичной истории Российской Арктики. Из анализа криолитозоны шельфа вытекает ряд ответов на спорные вопросы палеогеографии: о покровном оледенении на Российском Севере, о морском бассейне в Западном секторе Арктики, о причинах трансгрессий и регрессий Арктического бассейна, о размерах последней регрессии океана. Существующие постулаты относительно четвертичной истории Российской Арктики не соответствуют фактическому материалу. Современные природные закономерности сформировались в неотектонический этап и развитие Российского Севера в плейстоцен-голоцене проходило под влиянием тектонических процессов в пределах Арктики. Трансгрессия моря в Западном секторе в плейстоцен была, и определялась спредингом в хребте Гаккеля, сопровождавшимся вытеснением больших масс воды на сушу. Покровного оледенения на равнинах Российского Севера не было, в горах было горно-долинное оледенение. Размеры поздневалдайской (сартанской) регрессии Арктического бассейна не превышали 50 м, а иногда она отсутствовала вовсе.
Pobreza e sentido de comunidade em mulheres do interior do Ceará:
Authors: Barbosa Vilkiane Natercia Malherme , Moura Júnior James Ferreira , Ximenes Verônica Morais
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho busca analisar o impacto da pobreza no sentido de comunidade de mulheres do interior do Ceará a partir da Psicologia Comunitária. Partimos do reconhecimento das situações de desigualdades sociais e de gênero presentes no cenário brasileiro, podendo ter características mais intensas em territórios distantes dos grandes centros urbanos. Contudo, uma das estratégias de enfrentamento dessas iniquidades tem sido o sentido de comunidade, que pode fortalecer as relações socio-comunitárias. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa com utilizaçao de entrevista semi-estruturada. Participaram dessa investigaçao dez mulheres em situaçao de pobreza de uma comunidade no interior do estado do Ceará. Foi utilizado a análise de conteúdo. As mulheres em cenários de pobrezas sofrem mais iniquidades do que os homens, porque existem macro estruturas sociais que fomentam modos de vida com diferentes oportunidades as pessoas a partir dos marcadores como raça, gênero e classe são relevantes para que façamos essa análise. Observou-se que relação destas mulheres em contexto de pobreza com o sentido de comunidade a partir das relações cotidianas estabelecidas. Assim, foram visibilizadas as opressões vividas e suas estratégias de enfrentamento, construindo estratégias para atuação em psicologia comunitária compromissada com a mudança das desigualdades sociais e de genero.
Intergrowth versus fenton: há diferença no diagnóstico de retardo de crescimento extrauterino em prematuros durante internamento hospitalar?
Authors: Cunha Louise Perna Martins da , Santiago Ana Cecília Travassos , Alves Crésio de Aragão Dantas
Published: December 2021

Introdução: alterações no padrão de crescimento de recém-nascidos prematuros podem ter implicações para sua saúde futura. A literatura dispõe de diversas ferramentas e pontos de corte para avaliação da sua adequação, logo, diferentes diagnósticos podem ser obtidos a depender do parâmetro adotado. Objetivo: determinar a diferença no diagnóstico de Retardo de Crescimento Extrauterino em prematuros, durante internamento hospitalar, conforme as curvas de Fenton e Intergrowth. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo transversal, com dados secundários, coletados durante o internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva e de cuidados intermediários convencionais neonatais de uma maternidade pública, em 2019. Resultados: coletaram-se medidas de peso e perímetro cefálico ao nascer e no momento da alta/transferência e calcularam-se seus respectivos indicadores antropométricos de acordo com as duas curvas. Utilizaram-se duas classificações para o Retardo: diagnóstico de Pequeno para Idade Gestacional na alta/transferência; queda no escore Z dos indicadores maior ou igual a 1 entre o nascimento e a alta/transferência. Não houve diferença em relação ao número de crianças classificadas como Pequeno para Idade Gestacional ao nascer, entre as curvas. Porém, no momento da alta/transferência houve maior prevalência de Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/Retardo de Crescimento Extrauterino, de acordo com Fenton (73,6% versus 64,9%). A análise longitudinal dos indicadores de crescimento para caracterização do referido retardo por meio da curva de Fenton também detectou maior número de diagnósticos. Conclusão: conclui-se que o diagnóstico do retardo apresentou diferenças entre os referenciais. Os parâmetros de Fenton determinaram maior ocorrência dele no momento do desfecho, independente da realização da avaliação transversal ou longitudinal dos indicadores.
Limitação ao fluxo expiratório em tabagistas em diferentes níveis de atividade física
Authors: Fonsêca Mirna , Correia Helena França , Raposo Marcos Túlio
Published: December 2021

Introdução: a verificação da limitação ao fluxo aéreo ocasionado pelo tabagismo, por meio do pico de fluxo expiratório, é uma medida viável para estudos populacionais que permite a sinalização precoce ou prevenção da instalação crônica da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Objetivo: avaliar o grau de limitação ao fluxo expiratório em tabagistas em diferentes níveis de atividade física. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram selecionados 68 fumantes ativos por mais de um ano, acima de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos.  O pico de fluxo expiratório foi obtido por meio do medidor portátil do modelo Mini-WrightTM® e o nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire 8.0. As variáveis estudadas foram descritas pela amplitude de variação das médias, desvios padrão, máximo, mínimo e coeficiente de variação, sendo estabelecido o nível de significância de 5% através do teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: o percentual de redução dos valores do pico de fluxo expiratório, previsto em relação ao obtido, chegou a uma redução média de 56,87% em maiores de 60 anos e 53,19% em tabagistas com um tempo de prática maior de 30 anos. Houve aumento considerável do percentual médio de redução do pico de fluxo expiratório nos grupos de tabagistas insuficientemente ativos e sedentários. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que a limitação ao fluxo expiratório foi mais acentuada em tabagistas do sexo feminino, acima de 60 anos, com tempo superior a 30 anos de prática do tabagismo e com baixo nível de atividade física. Os tabagistas considerados muito ativos apresentaram menor nível de limitação ao fluxo expiratório.
Mutação no gene BRAF em carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide avançado: um relato de caso
Authors: Von Ammon Juliana Lima , Ramos Helton Estrela
Published: December 2021

Introdução: o carcinoma diferenciado da tireoide corresponde aproximadamente a 90% dos casos de neoplasias da tireoide, sendo que, desses, 80-85% dos casos são de carcinoma papilífero da tireoide. Apesar de a maioria desses carcinomas serem bem diferenciados e com baixa taxa de invasão local, recidiva ou metástases (regionais ou distantes), existe um subgrupo que apresenta uma heterogeneidade genética com variantes mais agressivas, podendo tornar o câncer de tireoide mais invasivo e letal. Objetivos: 1) Relatar o caso de um paciente adulto portador de carcinoma diferenciado da tireoide avançado, com metástase pulmonar, em terapia supressiva com levotiroxina, após tratamento combinado com cirurgia e radioiodoterapia; 2) Discutir sobre as características patológicas e moleculares como fatores relevantes no direcionamento de condutas terapêuticas. Caso clínico: trata-se de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 39 anos de idade, cuja a punção aspirativa com agulha fina (PAAF) foi compatível com carcinoma papilífero da tireoide que, na sequência, foi submetido a tireoidectomia total, com esvaziamento cervical. O exame anatomopatológico revelou carcinoma papilífero da tireoide clássico, com metástase em cinco linfonodos. A análise molecular realizada por sequenciamento de nova geração evidenciou a mutação no gene BRAF (V600E), o qual tem associação significativa com estágios mais avançados do tumor, metástases e radioiodorefratariedade. Conclusão: este relato possibilita discutir a necessidade da avaliação molecular como direcionamento na conduta terapêutica de cada paciente oncológico.
Model‐guided extremum seeking–case studies
Authors: Tan Ying , Chen Xiang , Hua Youying , Tan Qingyuan
Published: December 2021

In practice, data‐driven control and optimization techniques are applied to address problems in engineering systems of which the model is either unavailable or so complicated that a model‐based analytic design can be hardly carried. Among them, the extremum seeking (ES) is a popular model‐free or data‐driven optimization method that has been effectively applied to provide optimal solutions to various industrial control systems. In this article, a new design philosophy, called the model‐guided ES, which is a special case of model‐guided data‐driven (MGDD) optimization, is presented and demonstrated with two successful case studies. In particular, it is shown that, in these two cases, how models of physical systems, even if imperfect or developed in a data‐driven way instead of the first‐principle based approach, could be integrated together with the conventional ES algorithm to deliver much improved and guaranteed convergence performance and the ultimate bound. It is noted that the first case is for the automotive diesel engine optimization and the second case for the automated regulation of LiDAR detection range. Both cases are successfully validated with experiments.
Emerging S‐Scheme Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Liuyang , Zhang Jianjun , Yu Huogen , Yu Jiaguo
Published: December 2021

Photocatalysis is a green technology to use ubiquitous and intermittent sunlight. The emerging S‐scheme heterojunction has demonstrated its superiority in photocatalysis. This article covers the state‐of‐the‐art progress and provides new insights into its general designing criteria. It starts with the challenges confronted by single photocatalyst from the perspective of energy dissipation by borrowing the common behaviors in the dye molecule. Subsequently, other problems faced by single photocatalyst are summarized. Then a viable solution for these problems is the construction of heterojunctions. To overcome the problems and mistakes of type‐II and Z‐scheme heterojunctions, S‐scheme heterojunction is proposed and the underlying reaction mechanism is summarized. Afterward, the design principles for S‐scheme heterojunction are proposed and four types of S‐scheme heterojunctions are suggested. Following this, direct characterization techniques for testifying the charge transfer in S‐scheme heterojunction are presented. Finally, different photocatalytic applications of S‐scheme heterojunctions are summarized. Specifically, this work endeavors to clarify the critical understanding on curved Fermi level in S‐scheme heterojunction interface, which can help strengthen and advance the fundamental theories of photocatalysis. Moreover, the current challenges and prospects of the S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalyst are critically discussed.
Impact of Substrate Biasing During AlN Growth by PEALD on Al2O3/AlN/GaN MOS Capacitors
Authors: Legallais Maxime , Lefevre Gauthier , Martin Simon , Labau Sébastien , Bassani Franck , Pélissier Bernard , Baron Thierry , Vauche Laura , Le Royer Cyrille , Charles Matthew , Vandendaele William , Plissonnier Marc , Gwoziecki Romain , Salem Bassem
Published: December 2021

In this article, the role of the substrate biasing during the passivation of GaN with AlN deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) is investigated. In addition to a commonly used remote inductively‐coupled plasma source, the PEALD reactor is equipped with another power supply allowing the substrate to be biased and to adjust the ion energy impinging on the substrate surface. The presence is reported of a narrow bias window where the GaN passivation is significantly improved compared to a standard AlN film deposited without bias. It is found that the AlN film quality is enhanced and the crystallographic structure changes from a well‐ordered epitaxial relationship with the GaN substrate to textured films when applying a bias. Finally, the capacitance–voltage characteristics (C–V) of Al2O3/n‐GaN and Al2O3/AlN/n‐GaN metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) capacitors are also studied. It is shown that the addition of an AlN interlayer deposited with the appropriate bias is essential to positively shift the flatband voltage of the C–V characteristics while preserving high AlN/n‐GaN interface quality. Therefore, the GaN passivation with AlN deposited using substrate biasing provides a promising pathway towards the manufacturing of normally‐off MOS‐channel high electron mobility transistors.
Procedure Optimization for Organic Ambipolar Transistor: Laterally Aligned Micro n‐/p‐Channels via Dry Soft‐Lithographic Process
Authors: Oh Sangyoon , Park Sang Kyu , Park Soo Young
Published: December 2021

In spite of the large potential of ambipolar transistors constituted of laterally aligned unipolar n‐/p‐channel semiconductors, it is hard to secure the full electrical performance of each semiconductor channel by the risk of intermixing which leads to low crystallinity. Here, a novel fabrication process of patterned taping is proposed which ensures the formation of sharp interface and thus preserving the original performance of individual channels—laterally aligned micro n‐/p‐channels via all‐dry soft‐lithographic process. Different from other bi‐component active layer devices, such as vertically stacked n‐/p‐bilayer and n‐/p‐blend film, laterally aligned n‐/p‐channel of this work secures clear ambipolarity because both the n‐/p‐channels are directly laid over a common gate dielectric surface. Essentially, laterally aligned n‐/p‐channels constructed by patterned taping are free from lateral channel mixing or broadening effect different from other processes such as wet‐processing and fine metal mask (FMM) patterning. In this work, a novel patterned taping method of laterally aligned n‐/p‐channel transistors and also their optimized transistor performances compared with other bi‐component devices using the same set of n‐ and p‐type semiconductor materials is demonstrated.
Optoelectronic Modulation of Interfacial Defects in Lead‐Free Perovskite Films for Resistive Switching
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Zhang Yu , Yao Chuangye , Qin Ni , Chen Ruqi , Bao Dinghua
Published: December 2021

Multifunctional nonvolatile photoelectronic memory devices with multilevel storage and logic operation are expected to perform logic‐in‐memory computing tasks and overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. Multifunctional resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) devices that are environmentally friendly, durable, and low power consuming are promising candidates for commercial applications. In this work, low‐dimensional, lead‐free perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9 films with high weatherability are used to construct Ag/Cs3Bi2Br9/ITO RRAM devices with multilevel storage and logic operation functions. The devices demonstrate stable resistive switching (RS) up to 3200 cycles, an ultralow reset current (<0.4 mA), self‐compliance, and negative photoconductivity (NPC). Based on their NPC, the Cs3Bi2Br9 RRAM devices are capable of photoelectronic multilevel storage and “OR” logic operations when programmed photoelectronic inputs are given. The interface effect based on the electron detrapping/retrapping processes of Ag/Cs3Bi2Br9/ITO structure is the mechanism proposed for the RS behavior. This work provides new insights regarding the RS behavior of lead‐free perovskite RRAM devices by photoelectronic modulation and highlights the potential of lead‐free perovskite RRAM devices for stable multilevel storage and logic‐in‐memory computing functions.
Yield and growth characteristics of a high oil–protein soybean with enhanced diacylglycerol acyltransferase
Authors: AL‐Amery Maythem , Battaglia Martin , Serson William , Sadeghpour Amir , Lee Chad D. , Knot Carrie , Swiggart Ethan , Safari‐Katesari Hadi , Hildebrand David
Published: December 2021

Introduction of the VgDGAT1A gene in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes increased both protein and oil content and resulted in earlier maturation compared with commonly cultivated soybean genotypes (i.e., Jack). However, the effect of VgDGAT1A gene on the length of the vegetative, reproductive, and the overall growth period of soybean has not been thoroughly evaluated. A randomized complete block design consisting of two transgenic soybean genotypes with VgD1‐1 and VgD1‐2 highly active acyl‐CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) from ironweed [Vernonia galamensis (Cass) Less.] and nontransgenic control (Jack) was evaluated in field studies in 2015 and 2016 in Lexington, Kentucky. Levels of sucrose accumulation and seed weight were calculated for the three genotypes. Soybean grain yield, seed weight, and seed number were similar among all genotypes in both years. Modified genotypes reached the R7 (beginning of physiological maturity) stage earlier, and the rate of dry weight accumulation in individual seeds ranged between 2.8 to 4.4 mg seed−1 day−1 and was not different in comparison with the control (range: 3.4–4.7 mg seed−1 day−1). While days to reach R7 was shorter in VgD, there were no differences among genotypes for pod weight (PW), seed weight (SW), pod sucrose (PS), or seed sucrose (SS) concentrations. Linear plateau and cubic models were the best fit for seed weight for both years. These results indicated that despite earlier maturation in VgD genotypes, seed growth, and final soybean yield were similar among VgD and Jack.
Cardiac arrest due to liquid nicotine intoxication: a case report
Authors: Iida Atsuyoshi , Fujiwara Yuki , Nojima Tsuyoshi , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Atsunori , Mikane Takeshi
Published: December 2021

Background

With the introduction of electronic cigarettes, reports of nicotine intoxication due to ingestion of large amounts of liquid nicotine have increased. This report presents a rare case of cardiac arrest due to nicotine intoxication that was successfully treated with appropriate respiratory and circulatory support.

Case Presentation

A 55‐year‐old man ingested 600 mg of liquid nicotine and developed sinus bradycardia followed by asystole. Appropriate and prompt resuscitation led to the return of spontaneous circulation. He was admitted to the intensive care unit and discharged 24 days later without any medical sequelae of nicotine intoxication.

Conclusion

Ingestion of a large amount of liquid nicotine, as in this case, can result in lethal bradycardia followed by cardiac arrest. Prompt basic life support by paramedic produced good neurological outcomes. Emergency physicians should be aware of the symptoms and appropriate treatment of severe nicotine intoxication.
Network Localization of Unconscious Visual Perception in Blindsight
Authors: Kletenik Isaiah , Ferguson Michael A. , Bateman James R. , Cohen Alexander L. , Lin Christopher , Tetreault Aaron , Pelak Victoria S. , Anderson Clark Alan , Prasad Sashank , Darby Richard Ryan , Fox Michael D.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Blindsight is a disorder where brain injury causes loss of conscious but not unconscious visual perception. Prior studies have produced conflicting results regarding the neuroanatomical pathways involved in this unconscious perception.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search to identify lesion locations causing visual field loss in patients with blindsight (n = 34) and patients without blindsight (n = 35). Resting state functional connectivity between each lesion location and all other brain voxels was computed using a large connectome database (n = 1,000). Connections significantly associated with blindsight (vs no blindsight) were identified.

Results

Functional connectivity between lesion locations and the ipsilesional medial pulvinar was significantly associated with blindsight (family wise error p = 0.029). No significant connectivity differences were found to other brain regions previously implicated in blindsight. This finding was independent of methods (eg, flipping lesions to the left or right) and stimulus type (moving vs static).

Interpretation

Connectivity to the ipsilesional medial pulvinar best differentiates lesion locations associated with blindsight versus those without blindsight. Our results align with recent data from animal models and provide insight into the neuroanatomical substrate of unconscious visual abilities in patients. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:217–224
Rare‐earth metal‐catalyzed hydroboration of unsaturated compounds
Authors: Nie Kun , Han Yinfeng , Wang Changan , Cheng Xueli
Published: December 2021

The reduction of unsaturated compounds is one of the most widely applied transformations in organic synthesis. Aggressive reductants, highly pressurized hydrogen gas, and stoichiometric amount of metal salts used have greatly burdened the environment, stimulating the development of catalytic approaches with milder and greener conditions. In this context, the hydroboration has attracted great attention, and great progress has been achieved in the past decades. Due to the great performance of rare‐earth complexes in numerous organic transformations, such complexes are also employed as catalysts in the hydroboration of different unsaturated compounds. The current review summarized recent works of rare‐earth complexes catalyzed hydroboration of various unsaturated compounds, covering the publications mainly in past 5 years albeit with alkenes as exception. The transformations are mainly classified into two categories: hydroboration of C–C and C–hetero unsaturated compounds, and some closely related works are also discussed, such as rare‐earth catalyzed direct borylation of C–H bonds.
A review of behavioral treatments for sleep disturbances in civilians who have experienced trauma
Authors: Roche Laura , McLay Laurie , Sigafoos Jeff , Whitcombe‐Dobbs Sarah
Published: December 2021

Sleep disturbances have frequently been associated with trauma and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Effective treatments for sleep disturbances are therefore likely to be indicated for individuals who have experienced trauma. With the aim of advancing evidence‐based practice in this area, this review focuses on studies evaluating behavioral treatments for sleep disturbances among civilians who have experienced trauma. Seventeen studies were identified that met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from each study on (a) the type of sleep disturbance experienced, (b) assessments used, (c) treatment procedures, (d) outcome measures, and (e) main findings. Research quality was also evaluated. The results of these 17 treatment studies were generally positive, but ratings of the strength of the research varied from strong to weak. Overall, this review finds evidence to support the use of behavioral treatments for sleep disturbances resulting from experiences of trauma. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
Deterministic transfer of thin carbon nanotube film
Authors: Park Minsuk , Ju Sang‐Yong
Published: December 2021

Although successfully implemented for optoelectronic devices of two‐dimensional materials, deterministic transfer for thin single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film has not been realized. Herein, we report a transfer method of few hundreds nanometer‐thick SWNT film to a desired prepatterned substrate position with few micrometer precision. This method comprises poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐coated SWNT film, creating surface anisotropy on both sides for SWNT film transfer, and two sets of translators manipulating the film to desired position and angle. Especially, adsorption and desorption of PMMA‐coated SWNT film by each translator were modulated by use of interfacial water which not only promotes PMMA side to the transient sample loader via water capillary and releases the final substrate with capillary assisted sliding. Successful transfer of thin SWNT film with few tens of micrometer precision was achieved and will be beneficial for the preparation of high‐end optoelectronic devices.
Solvation structure of phosphonium ionic liquid/CH3SCN mixture as electrolytes for Li‐ion batteries: Infrared pump‐probe spectroscopic studies
Authors: Sahu Prabhat Kumar , Kim Jungyu , Park Kwanghee , Kim Eunchan , Mondal Saptarsi , Kwak Kyungwon , Cho Minhaeng
Published: December 2021

Lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrolytes based on room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) are promising as safe and sustainable LIB electrolytes. However, there are no reports on the solvation structure and dynamics of RTIL due to the existence of various solvation species in RTIL. Here, we investigated the solvation structure and dynamics of binary mixtures of the phosphonium ionic liquid, tributyl(2‐methoxyethyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (P444102TFSI), and methylthiocyanate (CH3SCN), with ultrafast mid‐IR Spectroscopy. The changes of vibrational and rotational dynamics of CH3SCN∙∙∙Li+ complex and free CH3SCN with an increase in CH3SCN concentration suggest the presence of at least four solvation species, providing superior resolving power for various solvation species existing in complex LIB electrolytes. Our experimental results show that the environment of free CH3SCN and CH3SCN∙∙∙Li+ complex changes drastically with change in CH3SCN mole fraction and Li salt concentration in the mixture. We expect that this can affect the Li‐ion transport mechanism in the IL‐based electrolytes.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and youth firesetting: A call on criminal justice, emergency responder, and fire prevention specialists to become informed
Authors: Brown Jerrod , Spiller Vanessa , Carter Megan , Osmonson Kathi , Porth Don , Bishop‐Deaton Deanna , Jozan Amy
Published: December 2021

Central nervous system damage resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol, often referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), commonly manifests as lacking cognitive functioning, problem solving, impulsivity, memory, executive functioning, and social skill deficits. For individuals with FASD, these brain‐based deficits translate into impulsive behaviors and poorly thought‐out decision‐making, coupled with an inability to anticipate and recognize the sometimes very severe consequences of their behaviors. Not unexpectedly, individuals with FASD frequently find themselves disproportionately involved in the criminal justice system and mental health services. For some individuals with FASD, these behaviors can also include firesetting. First responders, like other health and legal professionals, are often unable to recognize the behavioral indicators of FASD, primarily due to a lack of training. As a result, firesetting behaviors are often attributed to deliberate, willful acts of delinquency, a desire to damage property, thrill seeking, or as attempts for personal gain, rather than being viewed as maladaptive attempts to solve problems by individuals who lack the tools to do this in more appropriate ways. These same skill deficits also present when individuals with FASD are interviewed about their involvement in such behaviors, sometimes resulting in confabulation, suggestibility, and false confessions. Further education and training in FASD are vital for first responders if they are to better support individuals with FASD and minimize their chances of becoming involved in firesetting behaviors. Furthermore, this training and education will help ensure that first responders can intervene in more appropriately when crisis situations do occur. This article will outline key behavioral symptoms of FASD as well as provide first responders with suggestions as to how to best support individuals when FASD is suspected. The brief quote that follows highlights some of the key challenges facing individuals with FASD and how poor decision‐making and impulsiveness can result in severe consequences for the individual and those around them.
Trends in a study on thermal runaway mechanism of lithium‐ion battery with LiNixMnyCo1‐x‐yO2 cathode materials
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Li , He Xiangming
Published: December 2021

Safety failure, especially the “thermal runaway (TR),” result in safety anxiety and hinder the fast development of LIBs. Understanding the process and mechanism are the premise of mitigation TR. In this perspective, we briefly review the progress of the TR study of LIBs and then discuss the recent works on the mechanism study of LIB with different cathodes. We present our latest data of LiNixMnyCo1‐x‐yO2 cathode TR study and rethink the role of liquid electrolytes in TR. At last, we discuss the current‐best known knowledge of investigating the TR mechanism and briefly summarize the strategies for TR alleviation.
Alkynylgold(I) C3‐Chiral Concave Complexes: Aggregation and Luminescence
Authors: Zhang Jing , Schaly Astrid , Chambron Jean‐Claude , Vincent Bruno , Zorn Nathalie , Leize‐Wagner Emmanuelle , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Chiral gold(I) acetylide trinuclear complexes 1–3 based on the cyclotribenzylene platform and terminal PR3 ligands (R=Ph, Et, and Cy, respectively), were characterized and their light emission studied. They exhibited long‐lived blue phosphorescence in CHCl3 and a weak fluorescence in the UV. In MeOH/CHCl3 mixtures of >1:1 volume ratio, 1 and 2 exhibited a new emission band at ca. 540 nm that developed at the expense of the UV emission. DLS studies demonstrated the presence of molecular aggregates of Ø 30–80 nm. The green emission observed in MeOH‐rich solvent mixtures was therefore induced by aggregation, and could originate from Au⋅⋅⋅Au interactions. The AIE spectrum of 3 was observed only in solutions containing 99 % of MeOH, and correlated with its solid state emission. The AIE profiles of the enantiomers of 1 differed from that of rac‐1, suggesting that the latter is a true racemate.
Multifaceted Role of Microalgae for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: A Futuristic Outlook toward Wastewater Management
Authors: Goswami Rahul Kumar , Agrawal Komal , Verma Pradeep
Published: December 2021

Municipal wastewater (MWW) or urban wastewater (UWW) is generated by the domestic consumption of freshwater, which contains a huge amount of nutrients. The release of unprocessed wastewater causes eutrophication and harms aquatic life. Moreover, ingestion of polluted MWW causes a severe negative impact on human health. Microalgae are unicellular, eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms and have the capability of nutrient assimilation in the presence of light. Moreover, the produced biomass can be used for the generation of value‐added bioproducts such as bioenergy. However, conventional microalgae‐based MWW treatment is not as sustainable on a commercial scale. Therefore, more advanced approaches using microalgae need to be integrated in wastewater cultivation systems to improve nutrient removal efficiency. Thus, the present review explores the use of microalgae for the removal of nutrients from MWW, provides an outlook of direct and indirect methods of nutrient uptake from wastewater and the effects of the influencing factors in biomass growth. Moreover, the review also gives insight into recent approaches used for MWW treatment and the applications of algal biomass resulting from treated wastewater. It is predicted that microalgae‐based MWW treatment systems will be a significant green approach to help eliminate nutrient loads and implement circular economy.
Genetic variants in Hippo pathway genes are associated with house dust mite‐induced allergic rhinitis in a Chinese population
Authors: Chen Min , Zheng Rui , Li Fei , Xin Jun‐Yi , Chen Si‐Lu , Zhu Xin‐Jie , Gu Xiang , Dai Meng‐Di , Yang Yi‐Fan , Chu Hai‐Yan , Zhang Zheng‐Dong , Lu Mei‐Ping , Cheng Lei
Published: December 2021

Background

House dust mite (HDM)‐induced allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease with bothersome symptoms. Genetic variants of the Hippo pathway genes play a critical role in the respiratory disease. However, no study has reported associations between variants of the Hippo pathway genes and HDM‐induced AR risk.

Methods

Forty‐three key genes in the Hippo pathway were selected from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome pathway database, and previous reported studies. A case‐control study of 222 cases and 237 controls was performed to assess the associations between 121 genetic variants in these genes and HDM‐induced AR risk. DNeasy Blood & Tissues Kits were used for extracting genomic DNA from the venous blood and Infinium Asian Screening Array BeadChips for performing genotyping. A logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effects of variants on HDM‐induced AR risk. The false discovery rate (FDR) method was utilized to correct for multiple testing. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to obtain the cut‐off value of total IgE for the diagnosis of HDM‐induced AR. Histone modification and transcription factor binding sites were visualized by UCSC genome browser. Moreover, expression qualitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was obtained from Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) database.

Results

We found that rs754466 in DLG5 was significantly associated with a decreased HDM‐induced AR risk after FDR correction (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36–0.74, p = 3.25 × 10−4, PFDR = 3.93 × 10−2). The rs754466 A allele reduced the risk of HDM‐induced AR in the subgroup of moderate/severe total nasal symptom score (TNSS). Furthermore, rs754466 was associated with a high mRNA expression of DLG5. Additionally, histone modification and transcription factor binding sites were rich in the region containing rs754466.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that rs754466 in DLG5 decreased the susceptibility to HDM‐induced AR.
Peripheral blood parameter abnormalities precede therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms after autologous transplantation for lymphoma
Authors: Bachiashvili Kimo , Francisco Liton , Chen Yanjun , Bosworth Alysia , Forman Stephen J. , Bhatia Ravi , Bhatia Smita
Published: December 2021

Background

Therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms (t‐MN) are a leading cause of nonrelapse mortality after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). t‐MN patients treated at an earlier stage of disease evolution have a better prognosis, and this presents a need to identify patients at risk for t‐MN.

Methods

Using a prospective longitudinal study design, this study evaluated peripheral blood parameters pre‐aPBSCT and on day 100, at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years in 304 patients treated with aPBSCT. The relation between peripheral blood parameters and subsequent development of t‐MN was examined, and nomograms were developed to identify patients at risk for t‐MN.

Results

Twenty‐one patients developed t‐MN at a median of 1.95 years post‐aPBSCT. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, and platelet counts were lower among patients who developed t‐MN compared to those who did not; these differences appeared soon after aPBSCT, persisted, and preceded development of t‐MN. Older age at aPBSCT (hazard ratio [HR]per_year_increase = 1.08, P = .007), exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) (HR = 2.90, P = .04), and low 100‐day platelet count (HRincrease_per_unit_decline_in_PLT = 1.01, P = .002) predicted subsequent t‐MN. These parameters and primary diagnosis allowed identification of patients at high risk of t‐MN (eg, an HL patient undergoing aPBSCT at the age of 70 years with TBI and with a day 100 PLT between 100,000 and 150,000 would have a 62% probability of developing t‐MN at 6 years post‐aPBSCT).

Conclusions

Abnormalities in peripheral blood parameters can identify patients at high risk for t‐MN after aPBSCT for HL or NHL, allowing opportunities to personalize close surveillance and possible disease‐modifying interventions.
Genome‐wide association mapping of Hagberg falling number, protein content, test weight, and grain yield in U.K. wheat
Authors: White Jon , Sharma Rajiv , Balding David , Cockram James , Mackay Ian J.
Published: December 2021

Association mapping using crop cultivars allows identification of genetic loci of direct relevance to breeding. Here, 150 U.K. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars genotyped with 23,288 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using historical phenotypic data for grain protein content, Hagberg falling number (HFN), test weight, and grain yield. Power calculations indicated experimental design would enable detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) explaining ≥20% of the variation (PVE) at a relatively high power of >80%, falling to 40% for detection of a SNP with an R2≥ .5 with the same QTL. Genome‐wide association studies identified marker‐trait associations for all four traits. For HFN (h2 = .89), six QTL were identified, including a major locus on chromosome 7B explaining 49% PVE and reducing HFN by 44 s. For protein content (h2 = 0.86), 10 QTL were found on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, and 6B, together explaining 48.9% PVE. For test weight, five QTL were identified (one on 1B and four on 3B; 26.3% PVE). Finally, 14 loci were identified for grain yield (h2 = 0.95) on eight chromosomes (1A, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 5B, 6A, 6B; 68.1% PVE), of which five were located within 16 Mbp of genetic regions previously identified as under breeder selection in European wheat. Our study demonstrates the utility of exploiting historical crop datasets, identifying genomic targets for independent validation, and ultimately for wheat genetic improvement.
Effects of trapped ions concentration on the dynamics of dust‐acoustic periodic travelling waves in dusty plasmas
Authors: Selim M.M. , Abdelaleem H. , El‐Bedwehy N.A. , El‐Shamy E.F.
Published: December 2021

This study is essentially an attempt to investigate the effects of trapped ions concentration on the dynamics of dust‐acoustic (DA) periodic travelling waves in dusty plasmas, which consist of dust fluid, trapped ions, and Maxwellian electrons. The physical nature of DA solitary and periodic travelling waves in the plasma model at hand is governed by a Korteweg‐de Vries (KdV) type equation. Bifurcation analysis of the Hamiltonian system is applied to demonstrate the probability of the presence of DA solitary and periodic travelling waves for the KdV type equation. A careful discussion illustrates that non‐linear phenomena of DA solitary and periodic travelling waves are modified due to the presence of the trapped ions concentration. It is found numerically that the negative amplitude of DA periodic travelling waves is amplified, as the trapping parameter that determines the number of the trapped ions is increased. The numerical simulation gives rise to significant highlights on the dynamics of solitary and periodic travelling waves in astrophysical environments such as Saturn's moon Enceladus.
Cyto‐morphological features of parathyroid lesions: Fine‐needle aspiration cytology series from an endocrine tumor referral center
Authors: Steen Sanna , Hysek Martin , Zedenius Jan , Falhammar Henrik , Juhlin Carl Christofer
Published: December 2021

Background

Descriptions of parathyroid cell cyto‐morphology are limited. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with immunocytochemistry (ICC) or biochemical PTH measurements may help verify the parathyroid origin in extraordinary cases, although these methods are nowadays largely replaced by imaging techniques.

Methods

We collected all available FNAC reports of parathyroid lesions from our department spanning 20 years, to characterize the clinical use of parathyroid FNAC, and to assess morphological correlates between cytology and subsequent histopathology.

Results

Twenty‐eight cases with assessable cytological smears were found, of which 21 cases were surgically resected and 20 available for histological review (15 adenomas, 2 carcinomas, 2 atypical tumors and a single case with secondary hyperplasia). FNAC was predominantly performed to localize the diseased gland in cases with inconclusive imaging, in cases with a suspicion of intrathyroidal localization or in cases with persistent hypercalcemia following unsuccessful surgery. The diagnosis was verified using either PTH ICC and/or PTH measurements for most cases, and the procedure affected the clinical decision‐making for the majority of patients in this selected cohort. Cytological differences between parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas were found, as only carcinomas showed pleomorphism with irregular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Morphologically, no correlations to predominant cell types or growth patterns visualized at histological investigations among adenomas were noted, and biopsy artifacts were evident in 40% of cases.

Conclusions

Parathyroid FNAC could be considered as a complementary analysis for a small group of selected patients, but benefits have to be weighed against the risk of biopsy artifacts in histological preparations.