bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Franco-African security relations at fifty: writing violence, security and the geopolitical imaginary
Authors: Charbonneau Bruno
Published: May 2019

Bruno Charbonneau focuses on the continuities in Franco-African security relations. He seeks an explanation for the importance of French militarism in African politics and connects this militarism to a particular vision and discourse of ‘violence’. Charbonneau focuses on how violence has become a narrative in its own right and even a dominant mode of communication between France and its Francophone African partners, superseding and building on the older, colonial forms of communication. This study locates the legacy of imperial violence in its intellectual context, in the control over stories about violence, security, and the geopolitical imaginary. Through this approach, the author demonstrates that this discourse erased the history of older mental maps, and of violently displaced practices of space and identity. Therefore, within a specific geopolitical imaginary, the practices of military interventions and their intellectual representations are woven together in (postcolonial) narratives that obscure the violence of post-1960 France-Africa relations.
A fragmented and forgotten decolonisation: the end of European empires in the Sahara and their legacy
Authors: Sèbe Berny
Published: May 2019

As postcolonial historical processes in the Sahara have tended to be absorbed more or less artificially in the national narratives to which they came to belong (with or without the consent of the populations in question), decolonization processes at work in the Sahara and their consequences have long remained neglected territory. Berny Sèbe closes this gap by looking at the fragmented and forgotten decolonization of the Sahara as a whole. This author discusses the genesis and consequences of the division of the region between more than ten new independent countries, inverting the traditional frameworks through which decolonization is interpreted and considering alternative paths. Favouring a geographical and socio-economic perspective over the typical concentration on geopolitical outcomes, Sèbe analyses the reasons for the failure of several projects of unification, from the French-led OCRS to Colonel Kaddafi’s goal of a United States of the Sahara. The author considers the extent to which the multiple conflicts the Sahara has witnessed since the 1960s can be understood as a legacy of colonial times that post-colonial governments have been unable to address satisfactorily.
Sources of radicalism
Authors: Woodin Tom
Published: May 2019

Working class writing and publishing workshops had their origins in the counter cultural trends of the late 1960s. By the 1970s they engaged with urban communities where there was a strong class consciousness. This chapter charts the way in which working class culture became a significant source of new ideas and practices. In particular, the cultural role of schools, adult education, community organising, adult literacy, popular history and the labour movement are examined in relation to the emergence of a movement of working class writing and publishing workshops. In each of these areas, ideas about culture, technology and tradition were being reworked in order to foster popular cultural participation.
Young people’s writing
Authors: Woodin Tom
Published: May 2019

The writing of young people in London expanded significantly in the 1970s and 1980s. A number of key strands can be identified: the work produced around Stepney Words and the school strike leading to work on youth culture; the writing of migrants who reflected on past and present; and three longer pieces of autobiography and novels. The ways in which these young people engaged with writing revealed links to wider literary models as well as an ambiguous sense of self. Overall, it poses challenges for our understanding of the history of childhood and assumptions about maturity. Distinctions between the learning of young people and adult education revealed considerable overlap rather than a sharp distinction.
A beginner reader is not a beginner thinker
Authors: Woodin Tom
Published: May 2019

The writing produced by adult literacy students emerged out of a distinct educational and cultural setting. Student writing itself represented a significant example of learning. The writing itself tended to be simple and clear representations of working class life and voices. The experience of ‘failure’ in education was a powerful one that formed the basis for personal expression. Experience was seen to put the student in control. Political issues and writing beyond the third person were also encouraged, with mixed results. In the changed context of the 1990s, new stories based on humorous episodes helped to represent students as normal rather than oppressed. Yet social justice continued to inflect the writing and there were attempts to move students into the wider network of writing groups.
The preferred ordeal
Authors: Johnson Dominic
Published: May 2019

An Eight Day Passage (1977) is an exemplary example of a performance of extremity. This chapter looks at Kerry Trengove’s landmark performance of endurance, in which the artist was bricked into a breezeblock cell in a gallery and tunnelled his way out by hand over eight uninterrupted days. The performance was accompanied by a sophisticated invitation to active participation, co-co-creation and conversation by its audience. By reading this work in the aesthetic context of other practices of endurance art in the 1970s and the historical context of the miners’ strikes in Britain, as well as in dialogue with the decolonial pedagogy of Paolo Freire, this chapter discusses An Eight Day Passage in relation to duress, masculinity, limit-acts and limit-experiences, work, agency, and relationality.
Conclusion: Reckless people
Authors: Johnson Dominic
Published: May 2019

The conclusion brings together underlying themes of the preceding chapters, under the conceptual problems posed by recklessness and impossibility as cultural logics. The reckless and the impossible are framed by a final case study, namely the work of Stephen Cripps, whose dangerous and risk-prone pyrotechnic performances and interactive sculptures can be understood as significant to the development of performance art – and the incipient cultural logic of the performance of extremity – in the 1970s. The conclusion offers final thoughts on the performance of extremity, and on art’s optimistic promise to manifest or achieve the reckless, the impossible, the incorrigible, or the unlimited.
Jack London, John Barleycorn (1913): truth
Authors: Earnshaw Steven
Published: May 2019

This chapter places Jack London’s autobiography John Barleycorn: Alcoholic Memoirs as the key text for understanding the figure of the Existential drinker. It is one of the first all-out formulations of the writer-as-drinker, mixing the nineteenth-century temperance view of the habitual drinker who is a moral failure with the image of himself as a drinker who can attain truths not available to the fall-in-the-gutter drunkard, nor indeed available to the run-of-the-mill sober citizen. The chapter deals with London’s idea of ‘the white logic’, that is, the attraction of alcohol as a means to enlightenment, while at the same time acknowledging that to choose this path is also to choose death. The chapter therefore covers questions of mortality, finitude, types of drinkers and drunkenness, early aspects of Existential philosophy (London partly draws on Nietzsche), as well as beginning consideration of the writer in relation to texts where drinking is central.
Hans Fallada, The Drinker (1950): absurdity
Authors: Earnshaw Steven
Published: May 2019

This chapter places a lesser-known text into the Existential drinker canon. Written whilst in a Nazi criminal asylum by the once highly popular author Hans Fallada, the protagonist Erwin Sommer takes to drinking for reasons which never seem to fully explain his course of self-destructive behaviour. While not given to much overt philosophical contemplation The Drinker does nevertheless have many characteristics of the Existential drinker text, in particular its expression of absurdity, the belief that we find ourselves born into a world not of our making and which has no intrinsic meaning or purpose. The novel indicates that being a good citizen – the good businessman, the good husband – is meant to provide Sommer with a reason for living, but ultimately these appear futile and Sommer remains alienated. The chapter places the novel in its historical context, with some consideration given to how we might interpret it with its semi-autobiographical origins and knowing the circumstances of its creation.
China: Xi Jinping, China’s legal reform and counterterrorism
Authors: Chan Irene
Published: May 2019

China’s responses in the past decade has been seen in the West as an attempt to jump on the bandwagon to justify Beijing’s long-term religious, cultural, political suppression of the Uighur community, both internationally and domestically. Uighur activists and human rights advocates have long decried the liberal use of the term “terrorist” by the Chinese authorities as well as their tendency to conflate ethnic, religious and violent activities. On the other hand, China has often criticized Western approaches to counter-terrorism and attempted to promote its own measures as a better alternative. This paper seeks to address the questions raised by such developments on China’s definition of terrorism and how China’s resistance/criticism of the US-led counter-terrorism campaign reshapes the domestic conceptualization of terrorism and the subsequent implementation of counter-measures.
Iran: The state and terrorism in Iran
Authors: Ansari Ali M.
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses the role of 'terror' and 'terrorism' as an aspect of state policy in Iran during the twentieth century, looking at its historical context both within Qajar Iran and as an aspect of state policy during there French Revolution. The paper critically assesses Iranian state's relationship with the term, as both a perceived victim and perpetrator, and focusses on the application of political violence against both dissidents and political opponents where the term 'terror' is used in Persian as a synonym for assassination. The paper looks at the various justifications for the use of terror and political violence, the legacy of the Rushdie affair and the impact of the US led Global War on Terror on perceptions within Iran.
South Africa: Understanding South Africa’s confused and ineffective response to terrorism
Authors: Solomon Hussein
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores why the South African government’s responses to terrorism are confused and ineffective. A significant contributing factor is that the African National Congress (ANC), which has governed the country since the end of apartheid in 1994, was a former liberation movement who themselves were labelled `terrorist’ by Ronald Reagan’s United States and Margaret Thatcher’s Britain. While in exile, the ANC had forged close ties with other similarly labelled groups and these strong bonds have endured. This historical legacy negatively impacts the formulation and implementation of current counter-terrorism policies. What the ANC government needs to understand is that the nature of the terrorist threat has radically morphed in the past few decades, from terrorist movements pursuing limited political goals to religious terrorist movements with global pretensions and absolutely no possibility of compromise.
Introduction
Authors: Crowder Susannah
Published: May 2019

In the spring of 1468, a special jeu – probably taking the form of a theatrical representation in verse – was mounted in the courtyard of the Dominican convent of Metz. This performance portrayed the life of Saint Catherine of Siena, the charismatic urban visionary and reformer who had been canonised just seven years before. Two living women shaped the play, however, both of them also called Catherine: an actor who played the saint, and a patron who sponsored the performance. This event and its female creators point to a richness of female practice in contrast with the old stereotype of the “all-male stage”. This first section thus introduces the historical Catherines who anchor the book as well as the performance methodology used to access their hidden lives and activities beyond the play. It integrates theories of bodily performance with new approaches to patronage, personal devotion, and drama; this enables a broader picture of women’s contributions to late-medieval public life and urban culture. Women’s lives must be studied within a wider social and cultural framework to uncover the full scope of public performance that the Catherines and other women engaged in.
Acting as Catherine: writing the history of female performers
Authors: Crowder Susannah
Published: May 2019

Female performers exist in a shadowy and illusory state, fashioned as such by our histories. Medieval chronicles systematically exclude women, inhibiting an understanding of them as actors in Metz and beyond. Yet the performing women of the 1468 Catherine of Siena jeu staged an interplay among personal devotion, political affiliation, and gendered notions of urban sanctity; this multiform and yet cohesive undertaking becomes fully visible through the triangulation of new material and familiar narrative evidence. This chapter first uncovers the distorting effects of written histories upon the Saint Catherine actor and constructions of female performance. It then turns to the archives and material culture to reveal the hidden family identity and social status of the actor: the role transformed its player permanently, positioning her as the living symbol of the saint within Metz. The patron, named Catherine Baudoche, also secured a lasting connection to the saint by referencing her personal foundations at the Dominicans. It aligned her with an elite group of regional women who promoted Catherine of Siena through liturgy, architecture, and manuscript illumination. The Saint Catherine jeu thus situates the actor and patron amid a community of practice that depicted women at the forefront of shared devotions to Saint Catherine within the urban, public sphere.
Parks, permits, and riot police: understanding the politics of public space occupations 1988–1991
Authors: Parson Sean
Published: May 2019

Chapter 3 uses the struggle between Food Not Bombs and the Art Agnos Mayoral administration (1988–1991) as a backdrop to discuss the role of permits in regulating and controlling space. It argues that Food Not Bombs, through public feedings and organizing tent-cities, made specific claims regarding the nature of public space and claimed that the city had no legitimacy to regulate political activism and expression. The city, on the other hand, attempted to use permits as means of forcing the group into a negotiated management with city officials. When that negotiation broke down, the city turned toward an escalation of violence and harassment in an attempt to purge the group from public space. The chapter considers anarchist and autonomous conceptions of public space and expands on Margaret Kohn’s conception of populist space (2003, 2013) by exploring how autonomous politics complicates the topic. Conversely, it argues that a complex dialectical relationship exists between the autonomous populist politics of Food Not Bombs, the populist representational nature of public protest, and the regulatory desire of the City.
The stranger: performing ‘out-of-placeness’ in the UK and Europe
Authors: Greer Stephen
Published: May 2019

Building on scholarship concerning migration and exile, this chapter deploys the figure of the stranger in reading solo works in and around the border regimes of the UK and EU. If – as Sara Ahmed suggests – stranger recognition involves (often unmarked) assumptions about which bodies belong and which are out of place, performance interventions in and around border regimes bring such beliefs to light while demonstrating how misrecognition and uncertainty are preserved as technologies of control. Though associated with cosmopolitan fantasies of mobility and hospitality, the stranger allows us to follow how a selective distribution of legitimacy serves to limit access to western Europe’s territories of wealth.
Featured practitioners: Kay Adshead, Zodwa Nyoni, Oreet Ashery, Nassim Soleimanpour, Tanja Ostojić.
Conclusion
Authors: Greer Stephen
Published: May 2019

Drawing together the key features of post-millennial solo works preoccupied with identity, individuality and subjectivity in neoliberal times, this short chapter theorises the potential of queer exceptionality as characterised by the generative powers of complicity, misrecognition, uncertainty and vulnerability.
Featured practitioner: Chris Goode.
Thinking and working through difference: remaking the ethnographic museum in the global contemporary
Authors: Golding Viv , Modest Wayne
Published: May 2019

This ambitious chapter draws on a range of voices to examine what the ethnographic museum is and what it can be for the benefit of diverse audiences around the world. Taking their 2013 publication, Museum and Communities: Curators, Collections: Collaborations as a starting point, the authors critically consider their own work internationally, for example with ICOM (The International Council of Museums) and ICOM Namibia, as well as at everyday level with local communities, such as youth groups in Europe. Against increasing fear of difference, and movements to the right in world politics, they foreground the values of human rights, artist collaborations and the development of feminist pedagogy in museum work. Theoretically, the chapter unpacks the notions of the ‘human’, the ‘cosmopolitan’ and the inextricable relation between theory and practice that can underpin collaborative activities in museums of ethnography/world culture today.
Curating the uncommons: taking care of difference in museums
Authors: Lythberg Billie , Ngata Wayne , Salmond Amiria
Published: May 2019

Current ontological critiques point to how discourses of diversity like multiculturalism help domesticate difference by making it fit into pre-determined categories, such as those we are accustomed to thinking of as cultures. These ways of conceiving relations within and between groups of people—common to anthropology and museums, as well as to liberal democratic regimes of governance—assert that differences between peoples are relatively superficial in that our cultures overlay a fundamental and universal sameness. Museums showcasing cultural artefacts have thus helped domesticate difference by promoting world-making visions of (natural) unity in (cultural) diversity. Yet some artefacts exceed the categories designed to contain them; they oblige thought and handling beyond the usual requirements of curatorial practice. This chapter considers the challenges of ‘curating the uncommons’ in relation to work carried out by and with the Māori tribal arts management group Toi Hauiti and their ancestor figure, Paikea, at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
Collecting, curating and exhibiting cross-cultural material histories in a post-settler society
Authors: Labrum Bronwyn
Published: May 2019

This chapter considers social history in a post-colonial contest. It specifically examines how the history of the majority culture in a post-settler society has and might be curated. Using Aotearoa New Zealand as its case study, it considers the figure of the Pakeha (non-indigenous) curator in relation to, and also in contrast with, indigenous collections and displays. What does a history curator look like in a post-settler society? Does the history curator continue the mutual asymmetry that has characterised relations and curatorial endeavours? Or is there a way to recognise cross-cultural material histories? In considering the development of history, and specifically social history, it suggests that a more useful concept is material history, rather than historical material cultures studies. The rest of the chapter ranges across a broad range of material history, including fashion and clothing, and design, to consider how contemporary museums deal with everyday life and its material aspects in museums, which are still to a large extent focussed on discrete objects and forms of material culture, and which carry the burden of the historical development of their collections into a post-settler world.
Curating relations between ‘us’ and ‘them’: the changing role of migration museums in Australia1
Authors: Witcomb Andrea
Published: May 2019

Australia’s first Migration Museum in Adelaide recognised from its inception in 1986, that representing migration history could not be done without acknowledging its intimate association with colonisation and the dispossession of indigenous people. Their first move therefore, was to create a distinction between all migrants, a category that included British ‘settlers’, and Indigenous Australians. This was significant not only because it implicated colonisation within migration history but because it made all non-Indigenous Australians migrants. The move though, was not easy to establish, largely because, in the public imagination, migrants were the other to mainstream or ‘British Australia’. In the mid-1990s, however, it seemed to work as Australia was indeed seen as a country that was relatively successful in integrating various waves of migration into its historical narratives while valuing cultural diversity and recognising the prior occupation of the land by Aboriginal people. The ‘War on terror’, the arrival of asylum seekers and the threat of internal terrorist attacks, along with changes in immigration policy and a general climate of fear has changed that, and migration museums are now working to combat a new wave of racism. To do so, I argue, they have developed a new set of curatorial strategies that aim to facilitate an exploration of the complexity of contemporary forms of identity. This chapter provides a history of the development of curatorial strategies that have helped to change the ways in which relations between ‘us and them’ have changed over the years in response to changes in the wider public discourse. My focus will be on both collecting and display practices, from changes to what is collected and how it is displayed, to the changing role of personal stories, the relationship between curators and the communities they work with, and the role of exhibition design in structuring the visitor experience.
Walking Margaret Harkness’s London
Authors: Valman Nadia
Published: May 2019

Margaret Harkness’s London is a city of mobility, both local and global. In her fiction, she utilises a familiar trope in late nineteenth-century urban writing, the figure of the peripatetic protagonist, in order to produce a complex urban panorama. This chapter considers perspectives on the city in Out of Work and In Darkest London from the viewpoints of two kinds of urban walkers: the slum saviour and the unemployed man. It explores the formal conventions wrought by this exploration of viewpoints, most notably, a shift from progressive to episodic narrative development.
Soundscapes of the city in Margaret Harkness, A City Girl (1887), Henry James, The Princess Casamassima (1885–86), and Katharine Buildings, Whitechapel
Authors: Livesey Ruth
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores Harkness’s first novel in the context of socialist fiction and the future of the modern novel in the 1880s. A City Girl pivots on one of the staple formulae of earlier nineteenth-century domestic melodrama and its radical political possibilities: a cross-class romantic relationship in which a working-class girl is seduced and abandoned by a gentleman. Unpicking how this novel reworks the inherited forms of radical melodrama helps to shed new light on Friedrich Engels’s famous critique of the work’s relation to realism and the status of literary naturalism in 1880s Britain. The Princess Casamassima – Henry James’s self-consciously experimental foray into naturalism and the political activism of 1880s London – serves as a counterpoint to illustrate the pressure of representation in the modernity of late Victorian mass culture. The chapter ends by returning to Katharine Buildings, Whitechapel, and Harkness’s time spent there researching A City Girl. Drawing on the correspondence and record books of Ella Pycroft, the resident lady rent collector, and Harkness’s cousin Beatrice Potter Webb, this chapter presents a counter-narrative that suggests how the residents themselves tried to write back their own life stories against an interpretative community of social activists, philanthropists, novelists, and political agents.
The space of time and the medievalist imaginary
Authors: Prendergast Thomas A. , Trigg Stephanie
Published: May 2019

Conventional wisdom sees medievalism occurring “after” the Middle Ages; and indeed much medievalist practice seems to support this view, as the Middle Ages are often conceptualised in spatio-temporal terms, through the fictions of time-travel and the specific trope of “portal medievalism”. But the two formations are more accurately seen as mutually constitutive. Medieval literature offers many examples of layered or multiple temporalities. These are often structured around cultural and social difference, which is figured in powerfully affective, not just epistemological terms. Several examples from medieval English literature demonstrate how medieval culture prefigures many of medievalism’s concerns with the alterity of the past.
‘A steady stream of new problems’: Politics and teething issues
Authors: Garner Alice , Kirkby Diane
Published: May 2019

The Australian Fulbright program was implemented after the election of the Menzies’ Liberal Party government. As Australia’s Cold War deepened the Menzies government signed other treaties with the US, establishing the ANZUS Alliance. Administration of the program of educational exchange had to be established amid attempts at political influence and resistance from university staff who still looked to England for prestige and career advancement. The terms of the Australian Fulbright agreement ensured a sound foundation, more autonomy meant the appointment of Australian staff to administer the program and who understood how to reach the Australian university researchers to participate.
Thomas 'Jupiter' Harris
Authors: Oakley Warren
Published: May 2019

This is the first biography of Thomas Harris (1738-1820). Until now, little has been known about his life. He was most visible as the man who controlled Covent Garden theatre for nearly five decades, one of only two venues in London allowed by law to perform spoken drama. Harris presided over one of the most eventful periods in the history of the English stage; uncovering his involvement provides new perspectives upon landmark events in London’s history. But this career was only one of many: he became the confidant of George III, a philanthropist, sexual suspect, and a brothel owner in the underworld of Covent Garden. While deeply involved in Pitt the younger’s government, Harris worked as a ‘spin doctor’ to control the release of government news. Only through understanding his career is it possible to appreciate fully the suppression of radicalism in the period. As novelists created elaborate storylines with fictional intriguers lurking in the shadows, Harris was the real thing.
Harris’s career intersects many of the hidden worlds of the eighteenth century including the art of theatre and theatre management, the activities of the Secret Service, radical protest, and sexual indulgence. This narrative of detection brings together a hoard of newly discovered manuscripts to construct his numerous lives.
Identifying, and identifying with, Chaucer
Authors: Strohm Paul
Published: May 2019

Paul Strohm, both a biographer of Chaucer and a Chaucerian literary critic, meditates on what Chaucer might come to mean for those engaged with his life and poetic works. In a personal reflection on writing about this medieval clerk and poet, Strohm explores the identification or transference that can occur during an intense study of an author, generating new insights into how our emotional investments are implicated in our ‘relationship’ with an author.
Heavy atmosphere
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey Jerome
Published: May 2019

Jeffrey Jerome Cohen deftly pairs ‘heavy atmosphere’ – ideas about weather and mood – in Chaucer’s works, while at the same time unsettling received ideas about a unidimensional human and elemental world. In Cohen’s exploration of them, the ‘weighty’ atmosphere of the Reeve’s Tale and the fate of Arcite in the Knight’s Tale contrast sharply with Troilus’s celestial transcendence.
Flesh and stone: William Morris’s News from Nowhere and Chaucer’s dream visions
Authors: Ganim John M.
Published: May 2019

John Ganim unpacks William Morris’s eroticised but anxious politics in News from Nowhere. Ganim highlights the significance of the emotional attachment to environment in the formulation of Morris’s utopia. He also considers the enabling influence of the medieval dream vision, especially Chaucer’s, for promoting ‘psychological experience and fantasy’. Both themes illuminate Morris’s conflicted approach to subjects that caused him discomfort due to his perverse familial situation.
Biennialization-as-banalization, promotion, and resistance
Authors: Lin Jenny
Published: May 2019

Chapter Three investigates the turn of the twenty-first century global expansion of Shanghai’s contemporary art vis-à-vis the first international iteration of China’s premier contemporary art event, the Chinese Communist Party-sponsored 2000 Shanghai. The chapter theorizes biennialization-as-banalization vis-à-vis contemporary exhibition practices and the promotion of contemporary Chinese art. The chapter argues that Shanghai Biennial’s curators’ hopes of harnessing the spirit of Shanghai were ultimately supplanted by a generic brand of global contemporary art that neglected the city’s unique historical features and current concerns. This chapter then examines critical responses to the 2000 Shanghai Biennial and critiques of the global positioning of Shanghai’s contemporary art as seen in Ai Weiwei and Feng Boyi’s counter-exhibition “Fuck Off,” and in two related works by artists Zhou Tiehai and Yang Fudong.
Oscillatory results for second-order noncanonical delay differential equations
Authors: Džurina Jozef , Jadlovská Irena , Stavroulakis Ioannis P.
Published: May 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to improve recent oscillation results for the second-order half-linear delay differential equation \[\left(r(t)\left(y'(t)\right)^\gamma\right)'+q(t)y^\gamma(\tau(t))= 0, \quad t\geq t_0,\] under the condition \[\int_{t_0}^{\infty}\frac{\text{d} t}{r^{1/\gamma}(t)} \lt \infty.\] Our approach is essentially based on establishing sharper estimates for positive solutions of the studied equation than those used in known works. Two examples illustrating the results are given.
On unitary equivalence of bilateral operator valued weighted shifts
Authors: Kośmider Jakub
Published: May 2019

We establish a characterization of unitary equivalence of two bilateral operator valued weighted shifts with quasi-invertible weights by an operator of diagonal form. We provide an example of unitary equivalence between shifts with weights defined on \(\mathbb{C}^2\) which cannot be given by any unitary operator of diagonal form. The paper also contains some remarks regarding unitary operators that can give unitary equivalence of bilateral operator valued weighted shifts.
Description of the scattering data for Sturm-Liouville operators on the half-line
Authors: Mykytyuk Yaroslav , Sushchyk Nataliia
Published: May 2019

We describe the set of the scattering data for self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville operators on the half-line with potentials belonging to \(L_1(\mathbb{R}_+,\rho(x)\,\text{d} x)\), where \(\rho:\mathbb{R}_+\to\mathbb{R}_+\) is a monotonically nondecreasing function from some family \(\mathscr{R}\). In particular, \(\mathscr{R}\) includes the functions \(\rho(x)=(1+x)^{\alpha}\) with \(\alpha\geq 1\).
Evaluation of dislocations under the electrodes of GaN pn diodes by X-ray topography
Authors: Kanechika Masakazu , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Imanishi Masayuki , Mori Yusuke
Published: May 2019

We have successfully obtained the clear images of the dislocation mapping even under the electrodes of the GaN vertical pn diodes by reflection X-ray topography using monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SPring-8, BL16B2 & BL20B2). This is a powerful analysis because of the non-destructive and rapid tool unlike the etch-pit method and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). This allows us to directly study the relationship between the dislocation and the leakage current. Applying this method to vertical pn diodes on Na-flux GaN substrates, we found that leakage current per dislocation is of the order of 10 pA. This analysis has a potential to reveal the killer dislocation structure.
The Results of Party Intervention
Authors: Tomoff Kiril
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks at the effects of party intervention on the internal operations of the Composers' Union over the entire postwar period, evaluating the institutional changes, personnel transformations, and patterns of professional discussion in the Composers' Union after 1948. An examination of these areas demonstrates that although the Composers' Union underwent substantial internal transformations in response to party intervention, it nevertheless maintained a sphere in which professional evaluation was decisive. Increasingly distant professionals exhibited their agency by shifting categories of expertise in the Composers' Union creative apparatus, by redistributing the concentration of creative authority within the Union, and by retreating behind opaque technical discussions in order to exchange artistic ideas and generate and deploy professional authority that was sometimes at odds with the dictates of the party agenda. The paradoxical result of this series of party interventions into musical life was a striking professional consolidation.
Afterword
Authors: Fudge Erica
Published: May 2019

This afterword turns from the early modern material to think about the role of nostalgia in discussions of agricultural animal welfare that are taking place today. It explores how animals are understood in Qualitative Behavioral Assessment methodology that is being used to evaluate farm animal welfare today, and compares that to the understanding of animals that is evidence in early modern ideas. It argues that QBA offers a kind of return to a way of living alongside and understanding animals that Cartesian and behaviorist thinking has left behind.
Migration and Empire
Authors: McGreevey Robert C.
Published: May 2019

The introduction discusses Borderline Citizens’ contributions to the historical scholarship on immigration and U.S. colonialism overseas. By highlighting how colonial structures are critical to understanding migration and how the agency of migrants is necessary to understanding empire, Borderline Citizens explores a history shaped as much by the force of U.S. power overseas as by the claims of colonial migrants within the United States.
Produced
Authors: Starks Tricia
Published: May 2019

Russian cigarette production exploded in the late tsarist period. Peculiar to Russia was the ownership of large tobacco manufactures by women. Typical was the largely female labor force. Pitiable were the conditions of women’s and child’s labor. The era of greatest exploitation also witnessed the beginning of the most volatile decades of Russian worker activism. Even as many manufactures were forward with their labor policies, child labor focused unrest, and female tobacco workers took active roles in strikes. While the remarkable organization of female tobacco workers has been mentioned elsewhere, no one has completed a sustained investigation of their activity. The visibility of female tobacco workers connected tobacco use to the workers’ condition, revolution, and liberation.
Condemned
Authors: Starks Tricia
Published: May 2019

Anti-tobacco arguments existed in Russia from the seventeenth century, but the explosion in cultivation, production, and consumption meant the reviled habit was now ubiquitous and the sensory assault proved particularly objectionable for many. Pamphlet literature on the dangers of smoking exploded coming not only from doctors but also from religious leaders, moral pundits, and public intellectuals. Authorities worried that the smoker, poisoned by tobacco, became instead of valorous, morally corrupt and physically degenerate connecting Russian tobacco to anxieties of neurasthenic decline and influencing therapies and conceptions of the smoker for decades to come.
Contested
Authors: Starks Tricia
Published: May 2019

Medical authorities, tobacco users, and cigarette producers pushed for their own agenda and challenged the certainty of cessationists. Temperance advocacy, fraught with political implications, did not extend to tobacco attacks in Russia as in the west, because of the state’s distrust of independent groups and dependence upon the excise system. Those who struggled against tobacco often included conflicting opinions regarding “safe” styles of tobacco intake or the benefits of moderate use, throwing anti-smoking arguments into shadow, as advertisers and cultural figures mocked their proscriptions and prudery. The lack of therapeutic methods for quitting or a serious consideration of addiction further complicated efforts to stem tobacco use.
Epilogue
Authors: Starks Tricia
Published: May 2019

The onset of World War I brought prohibition to alcohol but an explosion of tobacco use on the front lines, with even government sponsored tobacco collection drives, yet the Bolshevik Revolution, carried the downfall of the tobacco queens and ushered into power a new state with its own conflicted relationship to tobacco. The participation of the tobacco workers in the Kronstadt rebellion spurred attacks on women workers as backward and erased them from the record. The triumph of public health as a major policy point of the revolution closed one chapter on tobacco’s relationship to state and citizen and brought a new era for anti-tobacco advocacy although the continued situation of tobacco use within the disease cluster of neurasthenia did little to change opinions on therapy. Despite the avowed interest of the state, the anti-tobacco drive floundered as smoking became more popular, ubiquitous, and profitable.
The Venture Capital State
Authors: Klingler-Vidra Robyn
Published: May 2019

Chapter One introduces the study’s area of investigation: the diffusion of the Silicon Valley venture capital (VC) policy model. It presents the global policy diffusion trend by introducing the findings of the study’s dataset of forty-five countries’ VC policy choices. After presenting the core empirical puzzle, the chapter introduces the study’s analytical framework –contextual rationality– which conceptualizes learning processes as both computationally strong and embedded in normative contexts, rather than as cognitively limited (as bounded rationality does) or exogenously based (as conventional forms of rationality presume). The Introduction chapter then provides rationale for studying the successful East Asian cases of Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore in order to understand the broader narrative.
The Teachings/DHARMA
Authors: Falcone Jessica Marie
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks FPMT as an organization. It examines the teachings, beliefs and practices espoused in FPMT. Looking at the religious landscape of FPMT through the lenses of enculturation, ritual practice and charitable giving offers context that shows why FPMT might want to build the tallest statue in the world. To show FPMTers in practice, the chapter narrates a particular offeratory ritual in Bodh Gaya. This chapter also examines a “relatively non-heritage” Buddhist institution in depth and how issues of translation and change are processed by practitioners. This chapter makes a substantive contribution to the issue of properly naming disparate Buddhist institutions, as I’ve posited a heritage spectrum of institutions that more sensitively works to contextualize various Buddhist groups.
Holy Place/TIRTHA
Authors: Falcone Jessica Marie
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the proposed site of the colossal Maitreya Project: Kushinagar, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The chapter explains the various communities and stake-holders of the Greater Kushinagar region that would be affected by the proposed MPI’s statue project. In order to examine the interacting communities of Kushinagar, I categorize people roughly along a spectrum of those least to most tied (or committed) to the fate of the town: pilgrims, short-term and long-term temporary visitors, and locals. I have introduced the locality here to set the stage for exploring the specific plight of local farmers fighting the Maitreya Project.
Introduction
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

Provides the theoretical underpinning for the analysis contained in the book, by setting out a framework for the study of alcohol policy formation encompassing the advocacy coalition framework (ACF). Emphasises that the state is not a unified actor, but rather is divided into competing departmental interests, and explains how the conflicting positive and negative effects of alcohol as a product contribute to ambiguous state policy towards it. Summarizes how the book’s narrative will unfold chapter-by-chapter.
Soviet Policy Double think
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

Explores the postwar Soviet regime’s contradictory doublethink on alcohol: publicly denying that it was a problem in Soviet society, while simultaneously taking regular action to tackle alcohol problems. Explains why a radical anti-alcohol campaign was enacted under Gorbachev in 1985, despite the fact that almost all Soviet departmental interests were opposed to it. A long-term ideological shift had seen the Soviet leadership increasingly regard rising consumption as problematic, but it took a contingent power shift under Gorbachev to enable temperance activists to gain control over alcohol policy – albeit only for a very short period.
“Vodka Is Our Enemy, but Who Said We’re Afraid of Enemies?”
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

Addresses the surprisingly difficult matter of establishing how much alcohol Russians actually drink, and details the problems with the various statistical measures available. The chapter then proceeds to explore the elusive meaning of the term “populist” when used in connection with alcohol policy. I describe the existence of an “alcohol doublethink” in public opinion, whereby people consider other people’s consumption a problem, but not their own. I use this notion to explain the apparent paradox of why are anti-alcohol policy measures are popular in theory but not in practice.
Medvedev and the Antialcohol Initiative
Authors: Bailey Anna L.
Published: May 2019

Analyses the launch in 2009 of a new anti-alcohol initiative overseen by President Medvedev; explains the factors that led to its development, and why it took the form that it did. It is vital to the survival of the political super elite that they are seen to act in the national interest. Once the “alcohol-as-demographic-problem” was in the public eye this included taking action against drinking. However, the government had a delicate balancing act to play, for at the same time it had to ensure that it did not alienate the Russian drinking public. This explains the focus on youth drinking, which is perceived as a major problem in Russian society despite objective indicators suggesting otherwise.
What Use Are the Humanities?
Authors: LaCapra Dominick
Published: May 2019

The public significance of the topic of this chapter is indicated by the prevalent and insistent emphasis on so-called STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) along with the downgrading of the humanities. The chapter offers an exploration and defense of the nature of the humanities, particularly through the role in them of critical and self-critical thought. It also indicates how the humanities are in the process of transforming themselves into posthumanities by taking leave of anthropocentrism and supplementing humanistic research with concern for other animals in a broadly ecological perspective.
The U.S. and Soviet Response to Britain’s Decline
Authors: Shifrinson Joshua R. Itzkowitz
Published: May 2019

Building on the preceding chapter, Chapter 3 analyzes U.S. and Soviet responses to the decline of the United Kingdom. This portion of the book shows that the United States and Soviet Union each adopted supportive strategies towards Britain in 1945-1947, calculating that each could use Great Britain to compete against the other. However, once Britain decisively aligned with the United States after mid-1947, U.S. and Soviet efforts diverged: U.S. strategy remained highly supportive, whereas the Soviet Union turned toward predation. These results provide strong evidence in support of the argument, matching predictions derived from predation theory (see Chapter 3) while disconfirming the course of events expected by alternative arguments.
Tradition as Argument
Authors: Fox Richard
Published: May 2019

This chapter argues for the idea of tradition as the temporal condition of practice. It is suggested that anthropologists and historians necessarily presuppose tradition – or something like it – when they set out to interpret other people’s practices as reasonable human action. The chapter reviews positive, genealogical and operationalized models of tradition, as applied to Southeast Asian culture and society. But each comes up wanting. So, as an alternative, the chapter returns to MacIntyre to examine his approach to tradition as an ‘argument extended through time’. This account of tradition is considered with specific reference to a public ritual-cum-parade called the Grebeg Aksara, which was organized by the Balinese scholar and public intellectual, Ida Wayan Oka Granoka. As with MacIntyre’s account of practice (Chapter 5), the ethnography seems to suggest certain limitations in his approach to tradition.
Consuming Desires
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: May 2019

In the financially confident 1980s, waste of most kinds did not seem so menacing to people’s lifestyles and consumer desires were amplified and expanded. Waste consciousness in this decade was not so visible as attentions and aspirations were fixated elsewhere in pursuit of an ever better life. Those who did advocate the curbing of waste were not prominent or mainstream, and many were careful to insist that waste consciousness would not disrupt daily life. What concern there was about garbage was circumscribed, focused on the management of rubbish and the promotion of recycling much more than the societal, cultural, and economic forces that resulted in its creation.
We are all Waste Conscious Now
Authors: Siniawer Eiko Maruko
Published: May 2019

In the early 2000s, as a feeling of economic vulnerability hardened into the realization that substantial economic growth would prove elusive for the foreseeable future, a word for “waste” or “wasteful”—mottainai—came to occupy the center of an astounding flood of attention to waste consciousness unprecedented since the early 1970s. Waste consciousness assumed a visible position in the mainstream as mottainai became a popular and convenient encapsulation of an expansive conception of waste which was infused with affective meanings and a future-oriented nostalgia. Altogether, the redefinition of mottainaioffered a possible path forward from the “lost decade”—values, meanings, and new senses of self and nation around waste consciousness that could define how to live and how to be in an economically anemic, but still wealthy, Japan.
Looking Forward
Authors: Roeder Philip G.
Published: May 2019

The conclusion engages elements of the programmatic analysis that call for further investigation in future research, its predictions of potential national-secession hot spots in the next decades, and the policy implications for central governments confronting national secessionism to engage the struggle for minds created by campaigns engaged in programmatic coordination.