bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inactivated Enzyme-Nanotube Based Nanosensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Biological Fluids
Authors: Nishitani Shoichi , Landry Markita P
Published: September 2023

In-blood continuous glucose monitoring is important for diabetes management but remains a technical challenge owing to the dearth of tissue-transparent glucose sensors. In this study, we present the development of nanosensors capable of immediate and reversible responses upon exposure to glucose in serum and in translational biological applications. Here, we present on the development of near-infrared fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based sensors, directly functionalized with glucose oxidase (GOx), to catalyze and thus fluorescently detect the oxidation of glucose.

We prepared GOx-SWCNT nanosensors by facile direct sonication of SWCNT with GOx in a manner that – surprisingly – does not compromise the ability of GOx to detect glucose. We next studied the mechanism of glucose detection by GOx-SWCNT through an increase in SWCNT near-infrared fluorescence. Specifically, we prepared the nanosensors using an irreversibly deactivated GOx, to show that the fluorescence modulation of our nanosensors does not require enzymatic activity and confirming the fluorescence modulation of our nanosensors is purely affinity-based. These results are important, because consumption of the analyte typically compromises nanosensor reversibility, whereas our results show using a deactivated version of an enzyme could enable generation of reversible glucose sensors. Next, based on our observations, we developed sensitive and reversible glucose nanosensors using apo-GOx, where the cofactor was removed from the glucose enzyme, rendering it inactive but otherwise conformationally similar to native GOx. Because the apo-form of GOx preserves its native structure, these nanosensors showed superior sensitivity and stability to that of the native nanosensors with a change in fluorescence upon glucose exposure of up to dF/F=40 % within 2 seconds. We further show that apo-GOx-SWCNTs enable glucose imaging reversibly, and in serum, motivating the use of these nanosensors for continuous in-tissue monitoring of glucose. Separately, we show that sonication-based synthesis of enzyme-SWCNT conjugates enables nanosensor generation of a range of additional targets other than glucose, potentially opening the door to rapid nanosensor generation through direct enzyme conjugation. Our work herein both generates a tissue-translatable glucose nanosensor and motivates direct sonication and enzyme-SWCNT physisorption as a generalizable method for nanosensor generation.
(Invited) CRISPR-Powered Graphene Electronics for Amplification Free Genotyping and CRISPR Editing Quality Control
Authors: Aran Kiana
Published: September 2023

The discovery of CRISPR technology has revolutionized the fields of transcriptional activation and repression, genome editing, gene-based therapeutics, and diagnostics. The applications of this technology have been rapidly expanding as researchers continue to discover new Cas enzymes, engineer high fidelity Cas orthologs, and modify and synthesize guide RNAs to efficiently direct these Cas enzymes to their targets. In this talk, we will introduce the first-generation DNA biosensors that combine CRISPR technology with the ultra-sensitivity of graphene-based field effect transistors (gFETs) to detect target DNA sequences within the whole genome without the need for DNA amplification. This technology, termed CRISPR-Chip™, utilizes the genome searching capability of Cas and reprogrammable RNA molecule to unzip the double-stranded DNA and bind to its target. This binding event causes a change in graphene conductivity which can be detected in real-time within the gFET construct. CRISPR-Chip was utilized to detect target genes within clinical samples obtained from patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Cover of Nature BME-2019), and single cell point mutations in Sickle cell disease and ALS without the need for amplification (Nature BME 2021), within less than 30 minutes. The applications of this technology platform go beyond diagnostics. CRISPR-Chip can provide greater insights on the mechanism of CRISPR and can lead to safe and more effective utilization of this gene editing technology for therapeutic applications.

Figure 1
(Invited) Nanoscale Probes for Optical Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Biological Indicators
Authors: Budhathoki-Uprety Januka , Dewey Hannah , Sultana Nigar
Published: September 2023

Photoluminescent single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit outstanding potential in developing molecular probes for optical detection systems. Surface coatings on nanotubes could facilitate effective molecular interactions enabling targeted nanoscale probes, sensors, and imaging agents. This talk will be focused on the development and applications of carbon nanotube-based sensors for optical detection of emerging contaminants and biological indicators including pH, a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a sample. pH changes in tissues and biofluids could indicate patho-physiological conditions such as tumor growth, microbial infection, acidosis, cystic fibrosis, wound healing, etc. Thus, the optical pH sensor could find applications in disease detection, diagnosis, and improve clinical outcome. This talk will also discuss optical detection of chemical disinfectants using carbon nanotubes. COVID-19 pandemics has led into wide uses of various disinfectant chemicals to mitigate virus burden. Recent findings show that certain disinfectants can cross various biological barriers and accumulate within human body. Molecular tools that enable detection of such compounds within native biological environment are useful to understand complete biological fate of such chemicals to mitigate potential impact on health.
(Invited) Application of Machine Learning in Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors
Authors: Star Alexander
Published: September 2023

Among electrochemical sensors, electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (FET) with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is one of the most promising choices for the ultrasensitive biosensors. The biosensing is typically based on the recognition of analytes with capture probes (antibody, aptamer, receptor, enzyme, etc.) attached to SWCNTs. While the capture probes improve the chemical sensitivity and selectivity, the stability of the nanotube-based biosensors is limited by the activity of the capture probes. Another approach involves sensor arrays with different metal nanoparticles/self-assembled monolayers on the SWCNTs that act as nonspecific receptors. These sensor arrays can be trained with machine learning algorithms to distinguish analytes.

When analytes bind to the sensor surface and interact with the semiconducting SWCNTs, they can cause modulations of the number of charge carriers in the FET channel, changing the device conductance, and eventually result in change in the FET characteristics, i.e., measured source-drain current vs. applied gate voltage. Rich information regarding the biorecognition process, sensing mechanism and sensing performances can be extracted from the changes in FET transfer characteristics. We proposed 11 features that can be selected to accurately describe the changes in FET transfer curves, including (1) relative change in transconductance, (2) threshold voltage (Vth) shift, (3, 10) relative change in conductance at ±0.6 Vg, (4-9) change in overall conductance normalized to conductance at Vth, and (11) the relative change in minimum conductance (see figure below). The transfer characteristics were extracted as distinct features for model training using established machine learning algorithms.

We fabricated SWCNT-FET array functionalized with gold nanoparticles and different self-assembled monolayers (dodecanethiol and lipoic acid) for the sensing of nonmalignant and malignant cells, which were classified by linear discriminant analysis.[1] We have also demonstrated that the SWCNT-FET sensor array could be used for the screening of cell behaviors, and that live/dead mouse B16 melanoma cells could be successfully classified with machine learning.[2]

[1] Silva, G. O.; Michael, Z. P.; Bian, L.; Shurin, G. V.; Mulato, M.; Shurin, M. R.; Star, A., Nanoelectronic Discrimination of Nonmalignant and Malignant Cells Using Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Sens.
2017,
2, 1128–1132.

[2] Liu, Z. R.; Shurin, G. V.; Bian, L.; White, D. L.; Shurin, M. R.; Star, A., A Carbon Nanotube Sensor Array for the Label-Free Discrimination of Live and Dead Cells with Machine Learning. Anal. Chem.
2022, 94, 3565-3573.

Figure 1
(Invited) Carbon Nanotube-Containing Textiles As Wearable Fluorescence Biosensors
Authors: Card Matthew , Chowdhury Devleena , Nadeem Aceer , Roxbury Daniel
Published: September 2023

A challenge of particular interest in the fields of biosensing and bioimaging is the acquisition of real-time readouts of localized bioanalyte concentration through biomaterials and live tissue in a minimally-invasive fashion. The intrinsic fluorescence of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which exhibits exceptional photostability, near-infrared (NIR) material-penetrating emission, and microenvironmental sensitivity, makes them ideal candidates for a variety of biomedical imaging and sensing applications. By functionalizing SWCNTs with appropriate biopolymers, we can simultaneously impart biocompatibility as well as sensitivity and selectivity for certain biomolecules of interest. Using novel spectroscopy and microscopy approaches, this talk features our recent advances in the development of such engineered nanomaterials as NIR fluorescence biosensors. In particular, we have created an electrospun microfibrous biomaterial with encapsulated SWCNTs. The novel optical material responds in real-time to specific biomarkers released from cells.
(Invited) Reduced Graphene Oxide Complexed to MnO2 Nanoparticles as Efficient Platform for Photothermal and Chemodynamic Combined Therapy
Authors: Bianco Alberto
Published: September 2023

The intracellular cascade reactions triggered by nanomateraials are emerging as promising strategies to treat cancer more efficiently, by exploting the specific tumour microenvironment [1]. One of the mechanisms of cell ablation is based on depletion of glutathione (GSH) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We recently exploited reduced graphene oxide (rGO), one of the most popular form of graphene, in combination with manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) to design a multifunctional nanoplatform (rGO@MnO2) for efficient photothermal/chemodynamic combined therapies. Manganese-based NPs were bound onto the surface of rGO nanosheets (rGO NSs). These NPs are able to oxidize intracellular GSH, generating Mn2+ ions that convert H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals by Fenton reaction. In addition, rGO NSs mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) enhance the mortality of cancer cells. The high temperature caused by photothermal conversion increases the Fenton reaction rate, which enhances the efficiency of MnO2 NPs mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Such type of hybrid materials has great potential in cancer therapy by exploiting the synergistic effect of PTT and CDT.

[1] Ma, B.; Guo, S.; Nishina, Y.; Bianco, A. Reaction between Graphene Oxide and Intracellular Glutathione Affects Cell Viability and Proliferation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
2021, 13, 3528-3535. DOI:10.1021/acsami.0c17523

[2] Ma, B.; Nishina, Y.; Bianco, A. A glutathione responsive nanoplatform made of reduced graphene oxide and MnO2 nanoparticles for photothermal and chemodynamic combined therapy. Carbon
2021, 178, 783-791. DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.03.065
Effect of Device Design Parameters on the Sensitivity of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Borotra Ryan , Bazan Claudia M. , Bouilly Delphine
Published: September 2023

Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) present several advantages for biomolecular sensing applications. Their high conductivity, carbon chemistry and sensitivity to the electrostatic environment have made GFETs a promising technology for the detection of biomarkers with high sensitivity. While research has mostly focused on biomolecular immobilization strategies to improve detection in GFET biosensors, much less attention has been given to the effect of different design parameters of the devices themselves on the sensitivity of the sensors.

Here, we assess the sensitivity metrics of GFET sensors using their response to changes in buffer salinity. To do this, we incubated GFET devices in phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) with concentrations ranging from 0.001X to 10X, and collected electrical transfer curves before/after each incubation to extract the voltage of the charge neutrality point (VCNP). Two metrics were extracted from the calibration curve of VCNP against concentration: (1) the dynamic range, as the range of concentrations showing a variation of the VCNP, and (2) the sensitivity, as the slope of the calibration curve in the dynamic range, measured in mV/decade. Using small-area non-passivated GFET devices, we obtained a sensitivity of -50 mV/decade from 0.1X to 10X PBS using an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and -160 mV/decade from 0.1X to 10X PBS using a coplanar Au electrode. We will discuss the response to changes in salinity using different combinations of design parameters, including the size of the graphene area, the choice of reference electrode and the type of passivation. Overall, this study will shed light on device design optimization for increased sensitivity, giving us an indication as to which parameter combination is best for the development of highly sensitive biosensors.
(Second Place Poster Award) Development of Optical Nanosensors for pH Measurements in Model Biofluids
Authors: Sultana Nigar , Dewey Hannah , Budhathoki-Uprety Januka
Published: September 2023

Changes in pH in biofluids such as urine, sweat, and blood can reveal pathophysiological conditions like tumor metastasis, microbial infection, acidosis, cystic fibrosis, wound healing, etc. Thus, monitoring pH could provide insights on those patho-physiological changes. Among others, sweat analysis provides convenient and non-invasive way to track personal health. Sweat pH changes can reveal information about atopic dermatitis, fungus infections, and cystic fibrosis. Thus, sweat pH measurements could aid in accurately identifying certain health issues. Although solution pH can be measured by various methods including electrochemical, colorimetric and fluorescence measurements, optical pH measurements have gained popularity in recent decades due to versatile material choices and new imaging technologies. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are emerging molecular optical probes and sensors due to their outstanding photophysical properties, which include photo-stable near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence and sensitive molecular recognition. Here, we report that SWCNT-based sensors can reliably detect pH changes in a model biofluid - artificial sweat. The sensor exhibited significant responses within biologically relevant pH ranges within minutes through changes in the nIR fluorescence. The nanotubes' optical response to pH changes provides new opportunities to develop optical pH sensors for healthcare, bioengineering, environmental sciences, and chemistry.
BATF2 enhances proinflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages and improves early host defense against pulmonary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Authors: van der Geest Rick , Peñaloza Hernán F. , Xiong Zeyu , Gonzalez-Ferrer Shekina , An Xiaojing , Li Huihua , Fan Hongye , Tabary Mohammadreza , Nouraie S. Mehdi , Zhao Yanwu , Zhang Yingze , Chen Kong , Alder Jonathan K. , Bain William G. , Lee Janet S.
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the signaling pathways that mediate induction of BATF2 expression downstream of TLR4 and also the impact of BATF2 on the host defense against pulmonary Kp infection. We demonstrate that Kp-induced upregulation of BATF2 in macrophages requires TRIF and type I IFN signaling. We also show that BATF2 enhances Kp-induced macrophage cytokine responses and that BATF2 contributes to the early host defense against pulmonary Kp infection.
Modification of Konjac Biodegradable Material Using Deacetylation and Reinforcement Process for Its Applications in Food Packaging
Authors: Sonthithaveelap Supaphada , Impaprasert Rarisara , Suntornsuk Worapot , Srzednicki George
Published: September 2023

Common konjac flour, especially of low grade, is a waste material produced in large quantities during purification of konjac glucomannan (KGM). It contains impurities, particularly oxalate salts, which irritate and may cause kidney stones. Konjac flour has glucomannan as a main component. Glucomannan is characterized by low crystallinity, high thermostability, and the ability to form a strong gel. Subsequently, glucomannan has good potential for the production of biodegradable material. However, its high-water affinity limits its use in packaging. The deacetylated by thermal forming process and reinforced konjac flour with 15% and 20% of microcrystalline cellulose showed improved water absorption and thermal properties of the specimen. Moreover, the thermal forming process resulted in the reduction of soluble oxalate. Therefore, due to the conditions used in this experiment, the material will be stronger, more waterproof properties, and more highly resistant to temperatures, so it is suitable to be used as a packaging that is environmentally friendly.
Minimally Invasive Endovascular Repair for Nondissected Ascending Aortic Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Huo Weixue , He Mengwei , Bao Xianhao , Lu Ye , Tian Wen , Feng Jiaxuan , Zeng Zhaoxiang , Feng Rui
Published: September 2023

Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular treatment for nondissected diseases of the ascending aorta. Data Sources. PubMed, Embase, and SciELO. Review Methods. In this study, we conducted a search on the PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases for all cases of ascending aortic endovascular repair included in the literature published between January 2007 and July 2023, excluding type A aortic dissection. We reviewed 56 case reports and 7 observational studies included in this study, assessing the techniques, equipment, procedural steps, and results. We summarized the age, complications, follow-up time, and access route. Results. This study includes 63 articles reporting 105 patients (mean age: 64.96 ± 17.08 years) who received endovascular repair for nondissected ascending aortic disease. The types of disease include aneurysm (N = 16), pseudoaneurysm (N = 71), penetrating aortic ulcer (N = 10), intramural hematoma (N = 2), thrombosis (N = 2), iatrogenic coarctation (N = 1), and rupture of the aorta (N = 3). The success rate of surgery is 99.05% (104/105). Complications include endoleak (10.48%, 11/105), stroke (5.71%, 6/105), postoperative infection (1.91%, 2/105), acute renal failure (0.95%, 1/105), aortic rupture (0.95%, 1/105), thrombosis (0.95%, 1/105), and splenic infarction (0.95%, 1/105). Five patients required conversion to open surgery, two patients underwent endovascular reintervention, and four of these five patients underwent surgery due to endoleak. Early mortality was 2.86% (3/105). Conclusion. While the viability and results of endovascular repair for the treatment of ascending aortic disease are acknowledged in some circumstances, further research is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment for ascending aortic disease.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of Piper betle Extracts against Soft Rot Disease-Causing Bacteria
Authors: Charirak Punyisa , Prajantasan Rapeepun , Premprayoon Kantapon , Srikacha Nikom , Ratananikom Khakhanang
Published: September 2023

Soft rot disease affects a range of crops in the field and also during transit and storage, resulting in significant yield losses and negative economic impacts. This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activities and mode of action of Piper betle extracts against the soft rot disease-causing bacteria, Erwinia caratovora subsp. caratovora (ECC). Dried leaves of P. betle were extracted with water, ethanol, and hexane solvents and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The results showed the highest antibacterial activity against ECC in the ethanol extract, followed by hexane and water extracts with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1.562, 6.25, and more than 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. The time-kill assay indicated a bactericidal mode of action. ECC growth was destroyed within 6 and 8 hours after treatment with the ethanol extract at 4-fold MIC and 2-fold MIC, respectively. The ethanol extract of P. betle showed promising activity against ECC, with the potential for further development as a novel alternative treatment to control phytobacteria.
Digital Dependency: How Parenting and Social Intelligence Shape Internet Addiction
Authors: Ugwu Lawrence E. , Idemudia Erhabor S. , Onyedibe Maria-Chidi C. , Eze Adaobi , Igu Ntasiobi C. N. , Ogbozor Pamela , Chinawa Francis Chuwkuemeka
Published: September 2023

The global pandemic forced young adults and their parents to be together. This situation has equally exposed the weaknesses in the child-parent relationship. This study aimed to investigate the role of social intelligence in the relationship between parenting style and Internet addiction during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Seven hundred and seventy-four were sampled from a public university in southeast Nigeria. They comprised 373 females and 401 males aged 17–28 years, with a mean age of 21.61. The students responded to validated measures of parenting style inventory-II, the Tromsø social intelligence scale, and Young’s Internet addiction test. The moderated multiple regression analysis results indicated that permissive parenting and social intelligence significantly predicted Internet addiction. Social intelligence moderated the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and Internet addiction. The moderation was that Internet addiction is significantly higher for individuals with low social intelligence and authoritarian parenting style than individuals with low social intelligence and higher authoritarian parenting style. Some implications of the findings include engaging parenting styles to encourage more physical interactions and enabling an environment for growth. Also, adopting techniques to increase social intelligence will help students adjust to any parenting style that may influence their psychological well-being.
One-Sided Version of Law of the Iterated Logarithm for Summations of Signum Functions
Authors: Ghimire Santosh
Published: September 2023

The law of the iterated logarithm (LIL), which describes the rate of convergence for a convergent lacunary series, was established by R. Salem and A. Zygmund. This rate is determined based on the variance-like term of the remainder after

n

terms of the series. In this article, we investigate a comparable one-sided LIL for sums of signum functions, which also relies on the remainder after

n

terms.
Daily Variation and Regional Differences in Wind Power Output during Heat and Cold Wave Days in China
Authors: Liu Yang , Bai Jie
Published: September 2023

China currently boasts the largest installed capacity of wind power; however, its output is unstable and highly dependent on weather variability. Despite this, the influence of extreme weather events on wind energy production at the interprovincial scale in China has not been fully characterized. This study aims at investigating the daily variations and regional differences in wind power output during heat wave (HW) and cold wave (CW) days in six regions of China. In addition, the study projects the monthly changes in HW and CW days in the coming decades by utilizing a stacking ensemble machine learning method. The projections are under a real-world warming scenario that incorporates current and long-term actions or policies. The findings of the study reveal that, for most regions, the daily cumulative wind power generation on HW days is close to that on normal days; however, there is a lower output during the daytime and a higher output at night. Furthermore, the number of HW days is projected to increase by 2.3 to 21.8 days during the periods of 2031–2040, 2041–2050, and 2051–2060 in these regions. By comparison, the daily cumulative wind power generation increases significantly on CW days, and the monthly distribution of CW days is expected to undergo notable changes in the future. These findings provide valuable insights into wind resource planning and operation under extreme weather conditions in China.
FIGURE 5 from AKR1C3 Converts Castrate and Post-Abiraterone DHEA-S into Testosterone to Stimulate Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells via 5-Androstene-3β,17β-Diol
Authors: Detlefsen Andrea J. , Mesaros Clementina A. , Duan Ling , Penning Trevor M.
Published: September 2023

AKR1C3 conversion of DHEA to 5-Adiol kinetics determined by RP-HPLC. RP-HPLC separation of PA derivatized DHEA and 5-Adiol (A), V versus S curve for AKR1C3 conversion of DHEA to 5-Adiol (B), comparison of kinetic parameters of AKR1C3 DHEA to 5-Adiol reduction (RP-HPLC, pH 6.0), 4AD to T (RP-HPLC, pH 6.0), 5α-AD to DHT (RP-HPLC, pH 7.0), and AD to 3α-Adiol (spectrophotometric, pH 7.0; C).
A Tutorial on the Spectral Theory of Markov Chains
Authors: Seabrook Eddie , Wiskott Laurenz
Published: September 2023

Markov chains are a class of probabilistic models that have achieved widespread application in the quantitative sciences. This is in part due to their versatility, but is compounded by the ease with which they can be probed analytically. This tutorial provides an in-depth introduction to Markov chains and explores their connection to graphs and random walks. We use tools from linear algebra and graph theory to describe the transition matrices of different types of Markov chains, with a particular focus on exploring properties of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors corresponding to these matrices. The results presented are relevant to a number of methods in machine learning and data mining, which we describe at various stages. Rather than being a novel academic study in its own right, this text presents a collection of known results, together with some new concepts. Moreover, the tutorial focuses on offering intuition to readers rather than formal understanding and only assumes basic exposure to concepts from linear algebra and probability theory. It is therefore accessible to students and researchers from a wide variety of disciplines.
Νόμος/νόμοι in the Septuagint and the Letter to the Hebrews
Authors: Seleznev Mikhail
Published: September 2023

This article explores the usage of plural νόμοι versus singular νόμος throughout the whole corpus of the Greek Bible. Obviously, the singular is predominant. If we put aside later variants and textual traditions, the rare passages where the plural νόμοι is used (in Proverbs, Jeremiah, Esther, and 2 Maccabees) mutually elucidate each other: the plural occurs where the translators wanted to stress that the law(s) in question should be distinguished from the Torah. With respect to Jer 31:31–34 (LXX 38:31–34) and the quotations from it in Hebrews, the article demonstrates that the plural νόμοι in the LXX cannot be explained by the Vorlage, as many modern researchers suggest, but was a conscious device used by the LXX translator. The aim of the translator, followed by the author of Hebrews, was to stress the distinction between the Law of Moses and the Laws of the New Covenant.
The Rights of Intersex Children in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Breen Claire , Roen Katrina
Published: September 2023

The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has recommended that Aotearoa New Zealand ban unnecessary and unconsented surgery on intersex children. Yet, the overall number of surgeries being undertaken on the genital and reproductive organs of children remains largely unchanged. Neither is it clear how many surgeries were undertaken on intersex children and what information and explanations were given to children and their families as to why the surgery was necessary. Culturally sensitive, medical, psychosocial and legal research must inform decision-making around surgical interventions on children with variations in sex characteristics, in order to realise the rights of intersex children in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Child as Method as an Intersectional Frame for Conceptualising the Geopolitics of Child Rights
Authors: Burman Erica
Published: September 2023

In this paper I discuss an approach I have termed, “Child as method”, which I suggest provides some useful perspectives on child rights debates and concerns, specifically in connecting these with the realm of the geopolitical and, beyond that, insisting on how such connections deepens understanding of their significance. Building on previous work examining the relations and “translation” processes between global and local in the (re)formulation and implementation of child rights instruments, a conceptualisation of geopolitical context is presented as constitutive of the range of theories and practices surrounding child rights, and vice versa. The feminist and postcolonial conceptual resources informing Child as method are outlined, with examples offered of specific projects that have used this in child rights-related work. It is suggested that, far from diminishing the relevance and utility of Child as method, the non-child-centred assumptions underlying this approach might helpfully promote ways of working with and for children and young people, based on solidarity rather than, for example, the discretionary humanism structured within prevailing notions of recognition or identification.
The Early Institutionalization of State–Islam Relations in Sweden
Authors: Borevi Karin , Sorgenfrei Simon
Published: September 2023

With the case of Sweden as its focus, this article contributes to the research on state–Islam relations in Europe. From a comparative European perspective, it demonstrates that Sweden departs from what is generally presented as the common pattern when it comes to when, how and why state-Islam relations were first established. Previous theorising on this topic, primarily connected with Jonathan Laurence’s seminal work on state–Islam relations in Europe, argues that such relations follow two phases, namely (1) Embassy Islam (1960–1990) and (2) the institutionalisation of domestic relations with (national) Muslim Councils (1990-onwards). Our conclusion, however, is that Sweden skipped the first phase and went directly to the second in the mid-1970s. This, we argue, can be explained as the (unplanned) result of a general change in church–state relations in Sweden.
The Irony in the Lineage of Modern Chinese Constitutions and Constitutionalism
Authors: Huang David K.C. , Li Nigel N.T.
Published: September 2023

This article juxtaposes modern Chinese constitutions and constitutionalism with constitutionalism chiefly developed in the West for clarity on the former’s lineage. As constitution is a concept foreign to China, there is no need for the country to enact any constitution unless it genuinely intends to embrace the true spirit of constitutionalism. A comparison of three signal Chinese constitutions yields an ironic, counterintuitive result, for the Constitution of the Republic of China is a refutation of the Nationalist Basic Law of the Political Tutelage Period (enacted in 1931), whereas the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, though enacted by the Communists, bears the legacy of the Nationalist Basic Law of the Political Tutelage.
Access to Public Documents and Its Restrictions: a Reflection from the Perspectives of Brazil and Sweden
Authors: Berthier Fernanda Magni
Published: September 2023

The access to public documents is currently perceived as a human right among democratic nations worldwide. While Sweden has a long background of transparency in the core of the government, in Brazil the regulations concerning this matter are very recent. This article compares Swedish and Brazilian law regarding the right to information and its restrictions, particularly when in conflict with privacy and data protection. As a result of the utilization of objective criteria, the Brazilian regulation is considered better, mainly because it has a broader scope and provides for more promotional measures than the Swedish regulation. However, when analyzing the quality of the implementation of the regulations, it is suggested that in both jurisdictions there is still room for improvements in order to have a better balance between openness and secrecy.
Using the Orthogonal Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations Approach to Address the Uncertainties of Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts Generated by the WRF Model
Authors: Zhang Han , Duan Wansuo , Zhang Yichi
Published: September 2023

The orthogonal conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (O-CNOPs) approach for measuring initial uncertainties is applied to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to provide skillful forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks. The hindcasts for 10 TCs selected from 2005 to 2020 show that the ensembles generated by the O-CNOPs have a greater probability of capturing the true TC tracks, and the corresponding ensemble forecasts significantly outperform the forecasts made by the singular vectors, bred vectors, and random perturbations in terms of both deterministic and probabilistic skills. In particular, for two unusual TCs, Megi (2010) and Tembin (2012), the ensembles generated by the O-CNOPs successfully reproduce the sharp northward-turning track in the former and the counterclockwise loop track in the latter, while the ensembles generated by the other methods fail to do so. Moreover, additional attempts are performed on the real-time forecasts of TCs In-Fa (2021) and Hinnamnor (2022), and it is shown that O-CNOPs are very useful for improving the accuracy of real-time TC track forecasts. Therefore, O-CNOPs, together with the WRF Model, could provide a new platform for the ensemble forecasting of TC tracks with much higher skill.
Multimodal Data Fusion to Detect Preknowledge Test-Taking Behavior Using Machine Learning
Authors: Man Kaiwen
Published: September 2023

In various fields, including college admission, medical board certifications, and military recruitment, high-stakes decisions are frequently made based on scores obtained from large-scale assessments. These decisions necessitate precise and reliable scores that enable valid inferences to be drawn about test-takers. However, the ability of such tests to provide reliable, accurate inference on a test-taker’s performance could be jeopardized by aberrant test-taking practices, for instance, practicing real items prior to the test. As a result, it is crucial for administrators of such assessments to develop strategies that detect potential aberrant test-takers after data collection. The aim of this study is to explore the implementation of machine learning methods in combination with multimodal data fusion strategies that integrate bio-information technology, such as eye-tracking, and psychometric measures, including response times and item responses, to detect aberrant test-taking behaviors in technology-assisted remote testing settings.
Workplace accentism as a postcolonial and intersectional phenomenon: The experiences of Brazilians in Portugal
Authors: Śliwa Martyna , Aguzzoli Roberta , Brewster Chris , Lengler Jorge
Published: September 2023

What insights can postcolonialism and decoloniality offer into workplace accentism? Drawing upon these two strands of literature, this article contributes to workplace research through proposing a view of accentism as an intersectional phenomenon, rooted in the historically sedimented unequal social structure and relations formed during the colonial past. Based on a qualitative study of Brazilians in Portugal, we identify two forms of workplace accentism experienced by the participants: (1) overt accentism – which involves an explicit, direct reference to a person’s accent; and (2) accent-activated stigmatisation – which occurs upon the listener’s realisation that the speaker is a member of a particular group (specifically, nationality). We theorise the experiences of accentism as contemporary manifestations of the workings of colonial power and prejudices. In addition, we distinguish between four approaches to managing workplace accentism: suppressing, confronting, marginalising and exiting. We theorise these as contemporary expressions of resistance strategies historically used by the colonised in response to colonial power. We also highlight the intersectional differences – along the axes of class, race and gender – with regard to individuals’ deployment of each of these approaches. The article enriches our knowledge about how colonial power relations continue to underpin discrimination and its consequences throughout the global economy.
Assessment of African Vernacular Built Environment and Power: The Case of the Walled City of Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Shema Abdulsalam Ibrahim , Kiessel Marko , Atakara Cemil
Published: September 2023

Numerous studies proposed models for assessing architecture and power such as Dovey’s Framing places: Mediating power in built form and Njoh’s Forms of power over that analyse the built environment in relation to various forms of power. However, those models deal mainly with the western and/or modern built environment. There is a lack of studies that specifically deal with the vernacular built environment of African societies. This study assesses how power, as a socially constructed discourse, influences and is mediated through African societies’ vernacular built environment. It focuses on the walled city and palace of Zaria, Nigeria. Studies of the built environment in relation to power discourses are continuous processes, and due to the subjectivity of interpretations our research adopts the epistemological approach of constructivism when assessing the socially constructed generation of symbolic meaning. Considering the general discourse of power within built environment, a methodological framework was developed, which focuses on forms of power over. The framework might also be useful for studies of other (African vernacular) built environments. Power over within the vernacular built environment of Zaria is predominantly based on a socially constructed discourse – a fact that is certainly valid for other traditional African built environments as well. It is mediated, visibly and invisibly, through spatial and physical features, including the use of symbols, and deeply embedded in Zaria’s urban form and architecture, especially its palace which conveys the identity and authority of the traditional royal institution.
Stigmatized Bereavement: A Qualitative Study on the Impacts of Stigma for Those Bereaved by a Drug-Related Death
Authors: Stout Joshua H. , Fleury-Steiner Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Research has given limited attention to family and friends bereaved by a drug-overdose death. To examine the ways in which stigma may uniquely impact the grieving processes of the bereaved, a thematic analysis of 35 semistructured in-depth interviews with family members and adult peers who lost a loved one to an overdose was conducted. Our findings demonstrate that the bereaved experience stigmatization after their loss. Specifically, respondents emphasized stigmatizing interactions with law enforcement, alienation from friends and family, a lack of social support, exchanges that enforced feeling rules, and being confronted by narratives of blame and individual choice as contributing to the degrees of stigmatization they experienced. Our findings highlight how bereavement becomes stigmatized to varying degrees through multiple interactions that have a compounding effect on mourners. We refer to this process as stigmatized bereavement, whereby the frequency of such interactions informs the degree of stigmatization the bereaved faces.
An efficient controller design of a PV integrated single inductor multiple output DC–DC converter for dynamic voltage and low power applications
Authors: Usman Mudassar , Asghar Furqan , Javed Muhammad Rameez , Virk Umar Siddique , Jamal Muhammad Yasir , Waleed Aashir
Published: September 2023

In this article, a Single Inductor Multiple Output (SIMO) DC–DC boost converter for driving independent three outputs of dynamic voltage and low power is proposed. Compared with the traditional SIMO DC–DC converter, the proposed work accomplishes (i) independent control of power at each output, (ii) small switch count, (iii) relatively better scalability with increasing output channel, (iv) fast response time, and (v) relatively better efficiency. The core aim of the current article is to implement an efficient controller design of the SIMO DC converter circuit operating in continuous conduction mode for dynamic voltage applications. The SIMO circuit comprises a photovoltaic (PV) array as a renewable energy harvesting source at the input. A hysteretic controller based on direct control with seamless transition control topology is implemented in this model for SIMO operation. This scheme is popular due to its less cost, simple, easy-to-use design architecture, and fast speed of close loop control. The configuration of the solar array is designed to deliver maximum power on the input of the SIMO DC–DC converter. For tracking the maximum power point, incremental conductance with integral control configuration is applied on the PV array with fast speed and efficiency. The MATLAB/Simulink environment is utilized for model configuration. The simulation results show that the proposed SIMO configuration with the PV array provided 100.5  W and 21.7  W for 1000  W/m2 and 250  W/m2, respectively.
The experience of, and beliefs about, divine grace in mainline protestant Christianity: A consensual qualitative approach
Authors: Hodge Adam S , Norton Jolene , Karwoski Logan T , Yoon Julian , Hook Joshua N , Kansiewicz Kristen , Zhang Hansong , Captari Laura E , Davis Don E , Van Tongeren Daryl R
Published: September 2023

The empirical study of grace, a relational virtue, is in its beginning stages. The purpose of this study was to provide rich, context-based, qualitative data to describe Mainline Protestants’ (a) experiences of, and (b) beliefs about, divine grace. Interviews were conducted with 28 community adults who were affiliated with Mainline Protestant Churches. Results indicated that Mainline Protestant Christians have varying beliefs about divine grace and how it is related to both the present moment and the afterlife. Divine grace was often defined as, or associated with, other relational virtues (e.g., forgiveness and love), and participants occasionally defined grace as a gift. In addition, divine grace was also reported to be difficult to accept at times for a variety of reasons, but the effects of divine grace have direct associations with participants’ overall well-being. Divine grace was also associated with beliefs about heaven or the afterlife, yet participants had varying beliefs about how grace is applied to non-Christians. Limitations and future directions for research are discussed in light of the present empirical literature on divine grace.
Generalized method for rational approximation of SISO/MIMO fractional-order systems using squared magnitude function
Authors: Damodaran Suraj , Sunil Kumar TK , Sudheer AP
Published: September 2023

A new method for the rational approximation of stable/unstable single-input, single-output (SISO)/multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) fractional-order systems is proposed. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to obtain an integer-order approximant of an SISO/MIMO fractional-order system. The developed method utilizes the concept of matching of an appropriate number of approximate generalized time moments and approximate generalized Markov parameters of squared magnitude function of fractional-order system to those of approximant. The proposed method preserves the stability/instability property and minimum phase/non-minimum phase characteristics of fractional-order system in the approximant. The method also incorporates a provision for matching the steady-state response of the approximant to that of fractional-order system. Numerical examples consider three cases of approximation, while fractional-order system has the characteristics of (a) stable non-minimum phase SISO, (b) stable non-minimum phase MIMO, and (c) unstable SISO which are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Bilateral political relations and the security of China's energy imports
Authors: Tang Wenguang , Wang Jiacheng , Yuan Xiaohui , Wang Siqi , Shao Qihui , Hu Jian
Published: September 2023

As human demand for energy continues to grow, energy security has become an important research topic for national economic and social development. As the country with the highest energy demand and import in the world, China needs to ensure its energy import security in a personal way. Against this research background, this paper investigates the causal relationship between bilateral political relations and China's energy import security. This research selected HS 6-digit percentile trade data from 47 energy-exporting countries engaged in energy trade with China from 2000 to 2020. A trade gravity model was constructed to examine the impact of bilateral political relations on China's energy import security. Multiple empirical analyses were conducted using the PPMLHDFE method to investigate various aspects of the relationship. The research shows that: (1) Bilateral political relations can significantly affect China's energy trade imports. (2) The regional security situation of exporting countries and the signing of free trade agreements with China play a moderating role between bilateral political relations and energy imports. (3) In the heterogeneity analysis, the influence of bilateral political relations on China's energy trade has obvious stage characteristics, and the influence of bilateral political relations on China's energy trade is stronger in countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative, and there is a certain path-dependent type of China's energy imports.
Flying the skies to wire the seas: Subsea cables, remote work, and the social fabric of a media industry
Authors: Bojczuk Iago , Starosielski Nicole , Pasek Anne
Published: September 2023

Since the commercial aviation boom in the 1960s and 70s, the subsea cable industry has relied on global air travel for network development, infrastructure maintenance, and market penetration. However, COVID-19 disruptions forced a shift to remote work, challenging traditional travel practices and presenting an opportunity for carbon emission reduction. This study investigates the industry’s response to the “new normal” and its implications for mobility and sustainability. We employ a media industries approach and conduct open-ended interviews with industry leaders to examine the potential balance between remote work benefits and essential in-person aspects, questioning whether the industry should return to pre-pandemic travel levels or embrace remote work’s ecological and financial benefits. Our findings indicate that remote work suitability varies depending on project stage, involved personnel, and the existing social fabric. To facilitate travel-related carbon footprint monitoring for cable consortiums, we developed a calculator to determine the industry’s emissions when adopting remote work. Our interdisciplinary study also emphasizes mobility’s intricate role in subsea cable systems and broader media infrastructure studies. By scrutinizing corporate cultures, communication practices, and transportation infrastructures, we enhance the scholarly comprehension of the social fabric underpinning global digital networks and investigate potential shifts toward a more sustainable media industry.