bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silent uterine rupture in the term pregnancy: Three case reports
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Hao , Peng Jing , Li Min , Wang Ying , Zhao Kai , Yang Lijun , Zhao Yun
Published: March 2024

Rationale:

Uterine rupture is extremely hazardous to both mothers and infants. Diagnosing silent uterine rupture in pregnant women without uterine contractions is challenging due to the presence of nonspecific symptoms, signs, and laboratory indicators. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the elevated risks associated with silent uterine rupture.

Patient concerns:

on admission, case 1 was at 37 gestational weeks, having undergo laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage 8 months prior to the in vitro fertilization embryo transfer procedure, case 2 was at 38 4/7 gestational weeks with a history of 5 previous artificial abortion and 2 previous vaginal deliveries, case 3 was at 37 6/7 gestational weeks with a history of laparoscopic myomectomy.

Diagnoses:

The diagnosis of silent uterine rupture was based on clinical findings from cesarean delivery or laparoscopic exploration.

Interventions:

Case 1 underwent emergent cesarean delivery, revealing a 0.25 cm × 0.25 cm narrow concave area above the Ring Ties with active and bright amniotic fluid flowing from the tear. Case 2 underwent vaginal delivery, and on the 12th postpartum day, ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 5.8 cm × 3.3 cm × 2.3 cm lesion on the lower left posterior wall of the uterus, and 15th postpartum day, laparoscopic exploration confirmed the presence of an old rupture of uterus. Case 3 underwent elective cesarean delivery, revealing a 3.0 cm × 2.0 cm uterine rupture without active bleeding at the bottom of the uterus.

Outcomes:

The volumes of antenatal bleeding for the 3 patients were approximately 500 mL, 320 mL, and 400 mL, respectively. After silent uterine ruptures were detected, the uterine tear was routinely repaired. No maternal or neonatal complications were reported.

Lessons:

Obstetricians should give particular consideration to the risk factors for silent uterine rupture, including a history of uterine surgery, such as laparoscopic transabdominal cerclage, laparoscopic myomectomy, and induced abortion.
The crosstalk between benign thyroid disease and breast cancer: A single center study
Authors: Zheng Yajuan , Tang Hongchao , Wu Jun , Guan Dandan , Mo Qiuping , Zheng Qinghui
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between benign thyroid disease and breast cancer. The clinical study includes a total of 600 participants, divided into 2 groups: the control group (N = 300), which consists of individuals from the checkup population during the same periods, and the experimental group (N = 300), which consists of patients with breast cancer. General data of the participants, including age, tumor diameter, tumor staging, pathological classification, lymph node metastasis, and classification of benign thyroid disease, were collected and analyzed. The levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, and TgAb in blood samples from the experimental and control groups were determined using a radioimmune method. The levels of TPOAb, TgAb, and TSH in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, and FT4 in the experimental group were significantly lower. The general data of the participants contributed to the appropriate sample size and allocation. Furthermore, benign thyroid disease contributes to the development of breast cancer by regulating the levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, and TgAb.
The effects of hierarchical relationship on well-being of surgical team members in operating theaters: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Tümer Murat , Dalgar İlker
Published: March 2024

Although there are many studies about wellbeing on healthcare professionals, the relationship between hierarchy and well-being has not been studied much. In this study, we focused on surgical branch professionals (anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses) as organized in a strict hierarchy. We explored the association between the position within the organizational hierarchy in operating theaters and well-being. Data were collected in 2 parts as cross-sectional (baseline) and daily surveys (for 15 days). A total of 226 participants participated in the baseline study and 156 participants in the daily surveys. How hierarchical positions, in-group identification and personality traits were related to the well-being and experiences of surgical team members were investigated. System justification, social dominance orientation, and personality theories were used to investigate personality traits. Emotional stability and identification with other healthcare professionals were positively associated with positive experience and well-being. Daily hierarchical relationship when the team members were in a superior position was positively associated with that day’s well-being, positive experience, enjoying working, and motivation to work on the following day. Conversely, the negative effects of daily hierarchical relationships on outcomes were not seen when the participants were in a subordinate position. Our findings were parallel to the literature that perceived autonomy in the workplace has positive impacts on the well-being. Furthermore, we found that in-group identification can protect surgical branch professionals from the adverse effects of the organizational hierarchy. We suppose our findings can contribute to the literature to evaluate organizational structure of operating theaters.
Conjunctival myxoma: A case report and review of a rare tumor
Authors: Lee Seong Eun , Lee Sung Bok , Kim Kyunghee , Sung Jae Yun
Published: March 2024

Rationale:

Conjunctival myxoma is a rare benign tumor, which can mimic more common conjunctival lesions such as a cyst, lymphangioma, amelanotic nevus, neurofibroma, amelanotic melanoma, or lipoma. We describe a patient with the conjunctival myxoma, who was initially misdiagnosed as a conjunctival cyst. This case report includes intraoperative photographs and various immunohistochemical staining images.

Patients concerns:

A 55-year-old woman presented with a painless mass in the superotemporal conjunctiva of the left eye, which she had noticed 1 month ago. The patient had no previous history of trauma or eye surgery. Slit-lamp examination revealed a well-circumscribed, freely movable, pinkish, semi-translucent mass on the temporal bulbar conjunctiva, suggestive of a conjunctival cyst.

Diagnoses:

Histopathological analysis showed stellate- and spindle-shaped cells within the loose myxoid stroma, confirming a diagnosis of conjunctival myxoma.

Interventions:

The conjunctival lesion was completely excised under local anesthesia.

Outcomes:

After 4 months of follow-up, the patient remained in good health without recurrence of the conjunctival lesion and no evidence of any systemic abnormality.

Lessons:

Myxoma is an extremely uncommon benign tumor derived from primitive mesenchyme. Considering the rarity of the tumor and its similarity to other conjunctival tumors, diagnosis can be challenging. Ophthalmologists should consider myxoma as a possible differential diagnosis when encountering conjunctival lesions. Surgical excision is essential to confirm the diagnosis and careful systemic evaluation is required to prevent potentially life-threatening underlying systemic conditions.
Association between tri-ponderal mass index and glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China: A case–control study
Authors: Zhang Dongguang , Yang Yu , Xu Lei , Zou Haiying , Wu Xian , Yang Li , Zhou Bin , Xu Qingbo
Published: March 2024

Obesity is a risk factor for glucose metabolism disorder. This study explored the association between the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and indicators of glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China. This retrospective case–control study included children aged 3 to 18 years old diagnosed with obesity at Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (China) between January 2020 and April 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records. Factors associated with glucose metabolism disorder were explored by logistic regression analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationships between TMI and indicators of glucose metabolism disorder. The analysis included 781 children. The prevalence of glucose metabolism disorder was 22.0% (172/781). The glucose metabolism disorder group had an older age (11.13 ± 2.19 vs 10.45 ± 2.33 years old, P = .001), comprised more females (76.8% vs 66.9%, P = .008), had a higher Tanner index (P = .001), and had a larger waist circumference (89.00 [82.00–95.00] vs 86.00 [79.00–93.75] cm, P = .025) than the non-glucose metabolism disorder group. There were no significant differences between the glucose metabolism disorder and non-glucose metabolism disorder groups in other clinical parameters, including body mass index (26.99 [24.71–30.58] vs 26.57 [24.55–29.41] kg/m2) and TMI (18.38 [17.11–19.88] vs 18.37 [17.11–19.88] kg/m3). Multivariable logistic regression did not identify any factors associated with glucose metabolism disorder. Furthermore, TMI was only very weakly or negligibly correlated with indicators related to glucose metabolism disorder. TMI may not be a useful indicator to screen for glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China.
Risk factors for severe complications and salvage management in direct-to-implant immediate breast reconstruction: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Meizhen , Mao Jiefei , Fang Jun , Chen Daobao
Published: March 2024

Controversies regarding the risk factors affecting direct-to-implant (DTI) immediate breast reconstruction still exist. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for severe complications in DTI breast reconstruction and explore potential salvage management strategies. We conducted a retrospective review of 238 patients (240 breasts) who underwent DTI immediate breast reconstruction between 2011 and 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors predicting severe complications. Seventeen (7.08%) reconstructed breasts experienced severe complications, of which only 5 were successfully salvaged through surgical revision, while the others failed and resulted in implant removal. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that mesh use [odds ratio (OR) = 4.054, 95% confidence interval: 1.376–11.945, P = .011] and post-mastectomy radiotherapy (odds ratio = 4.383, 95% confidence interval 1.142–16.819, P = .031) were independent predictors of severe complications. Mesh use and post-mastectomy radiotherapy for breast reconstruction increase the risk of severe complications. Despite positive surgical treatment, the successful salvage rate was poor.
Predictive value of placental real-time shear wave elastography combined with 3-dimensional power Doppler index for preeclampsia
Authors: Tian Fei , Dou Lian-feng , Tang Li-wei , Gao Qi-min , Li Bao-wei
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the value of placental real-time shear wave elastography combined with three-dimensional power Doppler index (3D-PDI) in the prediction of preeclampsia. We conducted a retrospective study selecting 60 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia as the experimental group and 60 normal pregnant women as the control group from January 2021 to December 2022. The elastic modulus values of different regions of the placenta and placental 3D-PDI were detected and compared between the two groups. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of each parameter, alone or in combination, for preeclampsia. The study findings demonstrated that the elastic modulus values of different regions of the placenta and 3D-PDI of the two groups have statistical significance. The values of SWE, VI, FI, and VFI are different in prediction of preeclampsia, and the combination of various parameters can improve the prediction value. Overall, our study provides a valuable method for the prediction of preeclampsia with the advantages of non-invasiveness, efficiency, and simplicity.
Composition analysis of renal and ureteral calculi in a single center in northern China in the past decade
Authors: Hong Yang , Yu Luping , Huang Xiaobo , An Lizhe , Xiong Liulin , Xu Qingquan , Xu Tao
Published: March 2024

The current report aimed to evaluate the characteristics of stone composition in 3637 renal and ureteral calculi patients in a single center while clarifying its relationship with sex, age, and time. Out of 3637 cases of upper urinary tract stones, stone specimens were analyzed retrospectively. There were 2373 male patients aged 6 months-87 years, with an average age of 44.73 ± 15.63 years, and 1264 female patients aged 4 months-87 years, with an average age of 46.84 ± 16.00 years. The male-female ratio was 1.88:1. Five hundred twelve patients had ureteral calculi, and 3125 had renal calculi. The SPSS software helped analyze the relationship between renal and ureteral calculi composition and sex, age, and time. Stone composition demonstrated 2205 cases of calcium oxalate stones (60.6%), 518 carbonate apatite (14.2%), 386 uric acids (10.6%), 232 magnesium ammonium phosphate (6.4%), 117 calcium phosphate (3.2%), 76 cystine (2.1%), 47 sodium urate (1.3%), 31 others (0.9%), and 25 ammonium urate (0.7%) cases. The overall male-to-female sex ratio was 1.88:1. Stones in the upper urinary tract were significantly more frequent in men than in women between the ages of 31 and 60. However, such stones were significantly more frequent in women than men over 80 (P < .05). Cystine, Sodium urate, Carbonated apatite, and uric acid indicated significant differences between different age categories (allP < .001). Stone composition analyses revealed that the frequency of calcium oxalate calculi has increased annually, while cystine and carbonated apatite incidences have dropped annually over the past decade. The components of renal and ureteral calculi vary significantly based on age and sex, with calcium oxalate calculi being more frequent in men while magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are more frequent in female patients. The age between 31 and 60 years is the most prevalent for renal and ureteral calculi in men and women.
Analysis of research topics and trends in investigator-initiated research/trials (IIRs/IITs): A topic modeling study
Authors: Huang Litao , Shi Fanfan , Hu Dan , Kang Deying
Published: March 2024

Background:

With the exponential growth of publications in the field of investigator-initiated research/trials (IIRs/IITs), it has become necessary to employ text mining and bibliometric analysis as tools for gaining deeper insights into this area of study. By using these methods, researchers can effectively identify and analyze research topics within the field.

Methods:

This study retrieved relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection and conducted bioinformatics analysis. The latent Dirichlet allocation model, which is based on machine learning, was utilized to identify subfield research topics.

Results:

A total of 4315 articles related to IIRs/IITs were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. After excluding duplicates and articles with missing abstracts, a final dataset of 3333 articles was included for bibliometric analysis. The number of publications showed a steady increase over time, particularly since 2000. The United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Switzerland, and France emerged as the most productive countries in terms of IIRs/IITs. The citation analysis revealed intriguing trends, with certain highly cited articles showing a significant increase in citation frequency in recent years. A model with 45 topics was deemed the best fit for characterizing the extensively researched fields within IIRs/IITs. Our analysis revealed 10 top topics that have garnered significant attention, spanning domains such as community health, cancer treatment, brain development and disease mechanisms, nursing research, and stem cell therapy. These top topics offer researchers valuable directions for further investigation and innovation. Additionally, we identified 12 hot topics, which represent the most cutting-edge and highly regarded research areas within the field.

Conclusion:

This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and provides valuable insights for researchers working in this domain.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Aldarhami Abdu , Punjabi Ahmed A. , Bazaid Abdulrahman S. , Binsaleh Naif K. , Althomali Omar W. , Sherwani Subuhi , Hafiz Omar , Almishaal Ali A.
Published: March 2024

Bacterial coinfection among patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a critical medical concern that increases the disease severity and mortality rate. The current study is aimed at evaluating the effects of bacterial coinfections among COVID-19 patients, especially in relation to degree of severity and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted for patients with positive COVID-19 test, admitted to a regional COVID-19 hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between May and August 2020. A specimen (e.g., blood, urine, or sputum) was collected from patients with confirmed COVID-19, and was cultured to determine bacterial coinfection caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. COVID-19 patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the result of bacterial coinfection culture, as COVID-19 patients with coinfection and COVID-19 patients without coinfection. Independent sample t test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare age and hospitalization period between these groups. In addition, binominal logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors associated with mortality and bacterial coinfection. The study included 342 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Eighty (23.3%) patients were diagnosed with bacterial coinfection, while the remaining 262 (76.6%) patients did not test positive for bacterial coinfection. Length of hospital stay was prolonged among COVID-19 patients diagnosed with bacterial coinfection (16.01 ± 11.36 days) when compared with patients without bacterial coinfection (6.5 ± 6.12 days). Likewise, the mortality rate was significantly higher among COVID-19 patients with bacterial coinfection (90%) compared to those without bacterial coinfection (49.2%). Gram-negative bacteria were predominant compared to gram-positive, as Klebsiella pneumoniae (35 [43.8%]) and Acinetobacter baumanni (32 [40%]). On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus (4 [5%]), Enterococcus faecalis (1 [1.3%]), and Enterococcus faecium (1 [1.3%]) were identified as gram-positive bacterial species from recruited patients. The findings of the current study showed that prolong hospitalization is the main risk factor associated with bacterial coinfection and death. Thus, health care providers should minimize hospitalization as well as following a continuous monitoring for bacterial coinfection among COVID-19 patients, to control the spread of infection and reducing the severity and mortality rate among COVID-19 patients.
Psychological status of residents at the onset of nationwide COVID-19 lockdown in low- and medium-risk areas of China
Authors: Liao Yao , Liao Min , Yang Yuwei , Zhou Zuhong , Du Xiaobo
Published: March 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a dual threat to public physical and mental health, prompted an investigation into the psychological well-being of residents in low- to medium-risk areas of China during the initial stages of the pandemic. We administered WeChat-based questionnaire surveys and employed chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression to analyze correlations between residents’ age, gender, education, symptoms, COVID-19 close contact history, information sources, and anxiety, depression, and attitudes toward lockdown measures. We received 10,433 valid questionnaires, revealing 26% anxiety and 19.5% depression. Support for lockdown measures reached 98.2%. Factors such as female gender, self-diagnosed pneumonia symptoms, close contact history, and higher education levels increased anxiety risk. Having a doctorate posed a severe anxiety risk, at 4.5 times (P = .019, 95% CI 1.29–15.73). Older age acted as a protective factor, reducing severe anxiety risk to 0.98 and 0.22 times (P < .001, 95% CI 0.14–0.34). Females with a master degree or below and those receiving COVID-19 information from multiple channels faced higher depression risk. Pneumonia symptoms were a risk for all anxiety and depression degrees. Attitudes toward lockdown measures had no significant impact on psychological status, nor did any of the analyzed factors affect residents’ overall attitude toward lockdown. Our findings underscore the need for increased psychological counseling, particularly for young females with lower educational backgrounds or self-suspected infection symptoms, to mitigate mild to moderate anxiety and depression in future epidemics or pandemics. The public, especially those of working age with doctorates or higher education, bears the highest risk of severe anxiety. Lockdown measures enjoy strong support in low- to medium-risk areas of China.
Construction of LncRNA-mediated CeRNA network for investigating the immune pathogenesis of myocardial infarction
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Meng Yuanting , Fan Hua , Sun Yang , Chen Rongtao
Published: March 2024

Background:

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that seriously threatens human health. However, an immune-related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network has not been reported in MI.

Methods:

The GSE66360, GSE19339, GSE97320, GSE61741, and GSE168281 datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) from MI patients and healthy controls were screened and an immune-related ceRNA network was constructed. Furthermore, the key long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) highly related to the immune mechanism of MI were identified utilizing the random walk with restart algorithm. Finally, the expression of the hub genes was further verified in the GSE66360, GSE19339, and GSE97320 datasets, and quantitative

real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for the MI patients and healthy controls.

Results:

A total of 184 differentially expressed immune-related genes

(DE-IRGs) and 432 DE-miRNAs were obtained, and an immune-related ceRNA network comprising 1421 lncRNAs, 61 DE-miRNAs, and 139 DE-IRGs was constructed. According to the order of stress, betweenness, and closeness, NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and XIST were identified as key lncRNAs. Moreover, random walk with restart analysis also suggested that NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and XIST are key lncRNAs. Subsequently, a ceRNA network of 10 hub genes and 3 lncRNAs was constructed. Finally, we found that the expression of FCER1G and TYROBP significantly differed between MI patients and control individuals in the GSE66360, GSE19339, and GSE97320 datasets. qRT–PCR revealed that the expression of NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, XIST, FCER1G, and TYROBP was significantly elevated in MI tissue samples compared to healthy control tissue samples.

Conclusion:

NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, XIST, FCER1G, and TYROBP are involved in MI and can be used as molecular biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of MI. Furthermore, the immune system plays an essential role in the onset and progression of MI.
Pulmonary thromboembolism associated with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency: A case report
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Wang Yin , Rong Chunyan , Wang Baoguo , Liu Xuhan , Zhang Weihua
Published: March 2024

Background:

Thrombophilia is a coagulation disorder closely associated with venous thromboembolism. Hereditary antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency is a type of genetic thrombophilia. In China, genetic thrombophilia patients mainly suffer from deficiencies in AT III, protein S, and protein C. Multiple mutations in the serpin family C member 1 (SERPINC1) can affect AT III activity, resulting in thrombosis.

Case presentation:

This case presented a 17-year-old adolescent female who developed lower extremity venous thrombosis and subsequently pulmonary embolism (PE) following a right leg injury. A missense mutation in gene SERPINC1 of c.331 T > C, p.S111P was detected on the patient, resulting in a decreased AT III activity and an elevated risk of thrombosis. The patient received anticoagulation treatment for approximately 5 months. During follow-up, the blood clot gradually dissolved, and there have been no recurrent thrombotic events reported thus far.

Discussion:

Hereditary AT deficiency can be classified into two types based on the plasma levels of the enzymatic activity and antigen. Type I is a quantitative defect, while Type II is a qualitive defect. Until 2021, 486 SERPINC1 gene mutations have been registered, more than 18% of which are point mutations. The SERPINC1 mutation c.331 T > C in was firstly reported in 2017, which was classified into type I AT III deficiency.

Conclusion:

Hereditary thrombophilia is a coagulation disorder with a high omission diagnostic rate. Minor mutations in the SERPINC1 gene can also lead to hereditary AT III deficiency, which in turn can cause PE. We emphasized the importance of etiological screening for hereditary thrombophilia in venous thromboembolism patients without obvious high-risk factors. Long-term anticoagulation treatment and avoidance of potential thrombosis risk factors are critical for such patients.
Women’s Experiences of Sequelae After Mastectomy: A 3, 6, and 12 Months’ Follow-up Study
Authors: Petersen Marian , Joost Maria , Therkelsen Anne Sofie , Geisler Anja
Published: March 2024

Background

Postoperative experiences after breast cancer surgery, such as lymphedema, phantom breast sensations, persistent chronic pain, and changes in body image and sexuality, can negatively impact women’s quality of life.

Objective

To investigate women’s experiences of sequelae at 3, 6, and 12 months after mastectomy.

Methods

A survey including women ≥18 years, cognitively intact, and Danish speaking was conducted from May 2021 to October 2021. The researchers contacted the participants by telephone using 4 validated questionnaires investigating phantom sensation, body image, quality of life, and sexuality.

Results

Forty-four women were eligible for participation, and 23 (14 women aged ≤65 years and 9 women aged >66 years) were included in the analysis. The results showed an overall decrease in the severity of physical sequelae and an improvement in body image and sexual function. However, the women reported concerns about the future and decreased sexual enjoyment. Nearly half of the women received information about sexuality from healthcare professionals.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated decreased sequelae during the follow-up period. Still, there seem to be unanswered questions concerning the quality of life and the content of information regarding sexuality. The findings require attention and further research to benefit the individual woman and her partner in accommodating the consequences after mastectomy.

Implications for Practice

Persistent pain and concerns for the future are present for half of the women after 1 year. Information about possible changes in sexuality is not standard. A nurse-patient dialogue that discusses hospitalization and sexuality on an individual level can be a way to address concerns and challenges.
Patient Perception on Osteoporosis in Korean Female Patients with Osteoporosis
Authors: Lee Kyung-Hag , Lee Guhyun , Lee Taehyun , Byun Dong-Won , Ha Yong-Chan
Published: March 2024

Background: Patient perception is a key element in improving compliance with medications for osteoporosis. This study evaluated the awareness, perception, sources of information, and knowledge of osteoporosis among Korean women with osteoporosis.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from July 22, 2021 to 13 August 2021. Patients who were followed up in endocrinology (Endo), orthopedic surgery (OS), and gynecology (GY) were recruited (N=40, 40, and 20 in each group). Patients were allocated according to their age, as follows: 15, 15, and 10 patients in their 60s, 70s, and 80s for Endo and OS, and 10 and 10 patients in their 60s and 70s for GY. The questionnaire was composed of the following topics: patient journey to the hospital, drug-related issues, communication with medical doctors, patient knowledge, and sources of information about osteoporosis.Results: The results of medical check-ups were the most common reason for patient visits to the hospital for an initial diagnosis of osteoporosis (61%). A knowledge gap regarding mortality, refracture, and drug-induced osteoporosis was observed. Doctors were the most preferred and trustful source of information, while health-related TV shows were the second most common source of information. Patients with OS reported lower perceived severity and higher drug discontinuation, along with a higher proportion of fractures, as the initial reasons for hospital visits for osteoporosis.Conclusions: Variations in perceptions according to the issue and group were identified. These should be considered during patient consultations to improve compliance with osteoporosis treatment.
Integrated stress response associated with dark microglia promotes microglial lipogenesis and contributes to neurodegeneration
Authors: Flury Anna , Aljayousi Leen , Aziz Siaresh , Park Hye-Jin , Khakpour Mohammadparsa , Sandberg Colby , Ibáñez Fernando González , Braniff Olivia , Deme Pragney , McGrath Jackson D. , Ngo Thi , Mechler Jack , Ramirez Denice Moran , Avnon-Klein Dvir , Murray John W. , Liu Jia , Haughey Norman J. , Werneburg Sebastian , Tremblay Marie-Ève , Ayata Pinar
Published: March 2024

Microglia, the brain’s primary resident immune cells, are a heterogeneous population and can assume phenotypes with diverse functional outcomes on brain homeostasis. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where microglia are a leading causal cell type, microglia subsets with protective functions have been well characterized. Yet, the identity of microglia subsets that drive neurodegeneration remains unresolved. Here, we identify a neurodegenerative microglia phenotype that is characterized by a conserved stress signaling pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR). Using mouse models to activate or inhibit ISR in microglia, we show that ISR underlies the ultrastructurally distinct “dark” microglia subset linked to pathological synapse loss. Inducing microglial ISR in murine AD models exacerbates neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Tau pathology and synaptic terminal loss. Conversely, inhibiting microglial ISR in AD models ameliorates these pathologies. Mechanistically, we present evidence that ISR promotes the secretion of toxic long-chain lipids that impair neuron and oligodendrocyte homeostasis in vitro. Accordingly, small molecule-based inhibition of lipid synthesis in AD models ameliorates synaptic terminal loss. Our results demonstrate that activation of ISR within microglia represents a novel pathway contributing to neurodegeneration and suggest that this may be sustained, at least in part, by the secretion of long-chain lipids from ISR-activated microglia.
Robust Methods For Quantifying Neuronal Morphology And Molecular Signaling Reveal That Psychedelics Do Not Induce Neuroplasticity
Authors: Boltaev Umed , Park Hyun W. , Brown Keaon R. , Delgado Maya , Wu Jorryn , Diaz-Pacheco Brianna N. , Botero Pinzon Maria , He Keer , Ahern Erin , Goldshmid Nina , Simpson Eleanor H. , Sames Dalibor
Published: March 2024

Induction of neuroplasticity has become the dominant explanatory framework for the rapid and sustained therapeutic effects of classic psychedelics. Within this broad concept, examination of morphological neuronal plasticity, such as dendritic arbor growth, is widely used to assess the neuroplasticity effects of classic and novel psychedelics. At the molecular level, it has been reported that serotonergic psychedelic compounds mediate dendritogenesis via the master molecular regulator of plasticity, TrkB, either directly via BDNF/TrkB signaling potentiation or indirectly through 5-HT2A receptor. To examine these hypotheses in detail, we developed a robust multimodal screening platform for unbiased, semi-automated quantification of cellular morphology and multiplex molecular signaling in the same cortical neurons. We found that in widely used primary neuronal cultures psychedelics do not directly modulate TrkB receptor or BDNF-TrkB signaling. We also found 5HT2a receptor gene expression and functional receptor levels are low, and psychedelics do not induce morphological growth, in contrast to significant dendritogenesis elicited by BDNF. Our results challenge recently published results in the field and indicate a need for rigorous experimental methods to study morphological manifestations of neuroplasticity effects induced by clinically used and experimental therapeutics.
Top-down task goals induce the retrieval state
Authors: Smith Devyn E. , Long Nicole M.
Published: March 2024

Engaging the retrieval state (Tulving, 1983) impacts processing and behavior (Long & Kuhl, 2019, 2021; Smith, Moore, & Long, 2022), but the extent to which top-down factors – explicit instructions and goals – vs. bottom-up factors – stimulus properties such as repetition and similarity – jointly or independently induce the retrieval state is unclear. Identifying the impact of bottom-up and top-down factors on retrieval state engagement is critical for understanding how control of task-relevant vs. task-irrelevant brain states influence cognition. We conducted between-subjects recognition memory tasks on male and female human participants in which we varied test phase goals. We recorded scalp electroencephalography and used an independently validated mnemonic state classifier (Long, 2023) to measure retrieval state engagement as a function of top-down task goals (recognize old vs. detect new items) and bottom-up stimulus repetition (hits vs. correct rejections). We find that whereas the retrieval state is engaged for hits regardless of top-down goals, the retrieval state is only engaged during correct rejections when the top-down goal is to recognize old items. Furthermore, retrieval state engagement is greater for low compared to high confidence hits when the task goal is to recognize old items. Together, these results suggest that top-down demands to recognize old items induce the retrieval state independent from bottom-up factors, potentially reflecting the recruitment of internal attention to enable access of a stored representation.

Significance Statement

Both top-down goals and automatic bottom-up influences may lead us into a retrieval brain state – a whole-brain pattern of activity that supports our ability to remember the past. Here we tested the extent to which top-down vs. bottom-up factors independently influence the retrieval state by manipulating participants’ goals and stimulus repetition during a memory test. We find that in response to the top-down goal to recognize old items, the retrieval state is engaged for both old and new probes, suggesting that top-down and bottom-up factors independently engage the retrieval state. Our interpretation is that top-down demands recruit internal attention in service of the attempt to access a stored representation.
Assessing the Validity and Reliability of HD-DOT TD-fNIRS Resting-State Measurements in Rapid Succession Data Collection Settings
Authors: Oveisi M. Parsa , Momi Davide , Morshedzadeh Taha , Bastiaens Sorenza P. , Griffiths John D.
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has long been a cornerstone in the study of brain activity, but its high operational costs, limited availability, and restricted practical applicability have led researchers to seek alternative neuroimaging technologies. Recent advancements in high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) and Time-Domain (TD) functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have emerged as promising solutions, offering the ability to generate detailed tomographic maps of hemodynamic fluctuations associated with neural activity. In this study, using the Kernel Flow device, we assess the performance of HD-DOT TD-fNIRS in terms of signal validity and reliability, particularly in rapid succession data collection settings. We conducted a multiple test-retest experiment involving fNIRS recordings from three participants across 20 ten-minute sessions of eyes-open resting-state brain activity over six days. Our findings indicate that HD-DOT TD-fNIRS systems like the Kernel Flow can reproduce hemodynamic patterns identified by fMRI, albeit with less spatial detail, and can detect resting state networks overall, though some individual network detections are not significant. The system performs consistently over days, with more variability within the time of day, and can capture subject-specific patterns with high accuracy as identified through FC fingerprinting analysis. We conclude that the new generation of HD-DOT TD-fNIRS systems holds significant promise for enhancing and expanding the measurement of functional brain data in both clinical and more naturalistic research settings. This study represents an important step towards a comprehensive understanding of the data quality and consistency achievable with these innovative neuroimaging devices.
Time-separated Mutual Information Reveals Key Characteristics of Asymmetric Leader-Follower Interactions in Golden Shiners
Authors: Daftari Katherine , Mayo Michael L. , Lemasson Bertrand H. , Biedenbach James M. , Pilkiewicz Kevin R.
Published: March 2024

Leader-follower modalities and other asymmetric interactions that drive the collective motion of organisms are often quantified using information theory metrics like transfer or causation entropy. These metrics are difficult to accurately evaluate without a much larger amount of data than is typically available from a time series of animal trajectories collected in the field or from experiments. In this paper, we use a generalized leader-follower model to argue that the time-separated mutual information between two organism positions is a superior metric for capturing asymmetric correlations, because it is much less data intensive and is more accurately estimated by populark-nearest neighbor algorithms than is transfer entropy. Our model predicts a local maximum of this mutual information at a time separation value corresponding to the fundamental reaction timescale of the follower organism. We confirm this prediction by analyzing time series trajectories recorded for a pair of golden shiner fish circling an annular tank.
Development of antibacterial drug plus bacteriophage combination assays
Authors: Attwood Marie , Griffin Pippa , Noel Alan , Josephs Theo , Adler Karen , Clokie Martha , MacGowan Alasdair
Published: March 2024

Synopsis

Background

The methods to evaluate the interactions between Phages and antibacterials are unclear. As the laboratory methodologies used to assess conventional antibacterials are well established, we asseassed their efficacy in evaluating phage plus antibacterial.

Methods

100 multidrug resistantE. colistrains were used with three previously isolated and characterisedE. coliphages of known efficacy. These phages UP17, JK08, 113 were assessed both individually and in a 1:1:1cocktail. In a Phage Microbial Inhibitory Concentration (PmIC) assay, a range of phage concentrations from 101-108were inoculated with 5×105/well bacteria in microtitre plates. The first lysed, clear well was taken as the PmIC. Amikacin(AMI) and meropenem(MERO) MICs were determined by microbroth dilution methods(ISO 2776-1:2019) and in combination AMI and MERO MICs were measured with a fixed Phage concentration of 105/well. MICs were performed in triplicate. Time-Kill curves(TKC) were conducted at fosfomycin concentrations of 133, 50 and 5mg/L with and without phage.

Results

The PmIC50/90for UP17 were >108/>108; JK08 107/>108; 113 107/>108and the 1:1:1 cocktail 106/>108. AMI MIC50/90were 0.5/>16 and MERO 0.12/>16mg/L. The addition of UP17 to AMI increased AMI MICs >2 fold in 78 strains. Equivalent increases in AMI MIC were seen with 39 strains with JK08, 54 strains with 113 and 45 strains with the cocktails. In contrast, meropenem MICs in the presence of phage were reduced >2 fold in 24 strains with UP17. Equivalent decreases in MERO MIC were seen with 34 strains with JK08, 26 strains with 113 and 29 strains with the cocktails. In TKCs addition of phage suppressed regrowth.

Conclusion

Microbroth methodologies based on ISO 2776-1:2019 and TKCs allow the interaction between Phages and antibacterials to be studied. Optimisation may produce laboratory-based methods with translational value.
Social interactions are impacted by food availability, food type, and group size
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Hasenjager Matthew J. , Fefferman Nina H. , Pinter-Wollman Noa
Published: March 2024

Social interactions are important for how societies function, conferring robustness and resilience to environmental changes. The structure of social interactions can shape the dynamics of information and goods transmission. In addition, the availability and type of resources that are transferred might impact the structure of interaction networks. For example, storable resources might reduce the required speed of distribution and altering interaction structure can facilitate such change. Here we use ants as a model system to examine how social interactions are impacted by group size, food availability, and food type. We compare global- and individual-level network measures across experiments in which groups of different sizes received limited or unlimited food that is either favorable and cannot be stored (carbohydrates), or unfavorable but with a potential of being stored (protein). We found that as group size increased, individuals interacted with more social partners and interaction networks became more compartmentalized. Furthermore, group compartmentalization increased when food was limited and when transferring storable goods. Our findings highlight how biological systems can adjust their interaction networks in ways that relate to their function. The study of such biological flexibility can inspire novel and important solutions to the design of robust and resilient supply chains.
Regulatory influence, board characteristics and climate change disclosures: evidence from environmentally sensitive firms in developing economy context
Authors: Saha Anup Kumar , Khan Imran
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of board characteristics on climate change disclosures (CCDs) in the context of an emerging economy, with a unique focus on regulatory influences.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzes longitudinal data (2014–2021) from environmentally sensitive firms listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange, using a disclosure index developed within the Global Reporting Initiative framework. The authors use a neo-institutional theoretical lens to explore regulatory influences on CCD through board characteristics. This study uses hand-collected data from annual reports owing to the absence of an established database.

Findings

The results indicate that a larger board size, the presence of foreign directors and the existence of an audit committee correlate with higher levels of CCD disclosure. Conversely, a higher frequency of board meetings is associated with lower CCD disclosure levels. This study also observed an increase in CCD following the implementation of corporate governance guidelines by the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission, albeit with a relatively low number of firms making these disclosures.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to the climate change reporting literature by providing empirical evidence of regulatory influences on CCD through board characteristics in an emerging economy. However, the findings may not be universally applicable, considering the study’s focus on Bangladeshi listed firms.

Practical implications

This study suggests growing pressures for diverse stakeholders, including researchers and regulatory bodies, to integrate climate change disclosure into routine activities. This study offers a valuable framework and insights for various stakeholders.

Social implications

By emphasizing the influence of good governance and sustainability practices, this study contributes to stakeholders’ understanding, aiming to contribute to a better world.

Originality/value

This study stands out by uniquely positioning itself in the climate change reporting literature, shedding light on regulatory influences on CCD through board characteristics in the context of an emerging economy.
Digitalization in lean manufacturing firms: a cumulative capability development perspective
Authors: Powell Daryl John , Laubengaier Désirée A. , Tortorella Guilherme Luz , Saabye Henrik , Antony Jiju , Cagliano Raffaella
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the digitalization of operational processes and activities in lean manufacturing firms and explore the associated learning implications through the lens of cumulative capability theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a multiple-case design, we examine four cases of digitalization initiatives within lean manufacturing firms. We collected data through semi-structured interviews and direct observations during site visits.

Findings

The study uncovers the development of learning capabilities as a result of integrating lean and digitalization. We find that digitalization in lean manufacturing firms contributes to the development of both routinized and evolutionary learning capabilities in a cumulative fashion.

Originality/value

The study adds nuance to the limited theoretical understanding of the integration of lean and digitalization by showing how it cumulatively develops the learning capabilities of lean manufacturing firms. As such, the study supports the robustness of cumulative capability theory. We further contribute to research by offering empirical support for the cumulative nature of learning.
Supervisor-subordinate communication in the audit environment: a review and synthesis of contextual factors affecting subordinate behavior
Authors: Jefferson Devon
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper’s objective is to provide a systematic literature review of the contextual factors affecting downward communication from supervisors to subordinates in the audit environment. In addition, this review identifies emerging research themes and directions for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

I accomplish this review’s objectives by leveraging communication literature to establish a framework to identify and synthesize contextual factors affecting downward communication in the audit environment. The review identifies 50 published articles in the last 20 years from leading accounting and auditing journals.

Findings

This study consolidates research findings on downward communication under two primary contextual factors: (1) message and (2) channel. Findings indicate that empirical research examining communication in audit is fragmented and limited. Studies examining the message focus heavily on its content and treatment in the areas of feedback, nonverbal cues, and fraud brainstorming, and a handful of additional studies examine the effectiveness of the channel in these areas. Additional research is needed to understand a broader set of supervisor–subordinate communication practices, including those that are computer-mediated, and their effect on subordinate auditors’ judgments and behaviors in the contemporary audit environment.

Originality/value

Much of the audit literature examining communication to date is topic-versus construct-based, making it difficult to see how the research findings relate to one another. This review is the first to synthesize the literature to provide academics recommendations for a way forward, and inform practitioners of communication practices whereby supervisors can be trained to improve audit quality.