bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collagen membranes for skin wound repair: A systematic review
Authors: Araujo Tiago Akira Tashiro , Almeida Matheus Cruz , Avanzi Ingrid , Parisi Julia , Simon Sales Abdias Fernando , Na Yu , Renno Ana
Published: December 2020

Membranes or skin dressing are common treatments for skin wound injuries, collagen being one the most effective materials for their manufacturing. Many different sources of collagen with diverse methods of extraction and processing have been used, with evidence of positive effects on the stimulation of skin wound healing. In spite of these factors, there is still limited understanding of the interaction between collagen membranes and biological tissues, especially due to the series of different types of collagen origin. In this context, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the available literature examining the effect of various collagen membranes for accelerating skin wound healing in experimental animal models and clinical trials. The present review was performed from March to May of 2020 searching in two databases (PubMed and Scopus). The following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) descriptors were used: “collagen”, “dressing”, “membranes”, “skin” and “wound”. After the eligibility assessment, 16 studies were included and analyzed. The studies demonstrated that collagen was obtained predominantly from bovine and porcine sources, by acetic acid and/or enzyme dissolution. Additionally, most of the studies demonstrated that the membranes were processed mainly by freeze-drying or lyophilization methods. All the in vivo and clinical trial studies evidenced positive outcomes in the wound healing process, thus confirming that collagen membranes are one of the most efficient treatment for skin wounds, highlighting the enormous potential of this biomaterial to be used for skin tissue engineering purposes.
Breastfeeding Experiences of Baccalaureate Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Langford Cheryl , Gowan Marcella , Haj Monica
Published: December 2020

Background

Students returning to school who are breastfeeding face unique challenges. There is limited literature on breastfeeding university students. Several researchers have studied breastfeeding employees in the workplace. Institutions of higher education closely mimic the employment environment. Breastfeeding college students who express their milk while at school share similar challenges to employed mothers. A baccalaureate nursing program is rigorous and little is known about the challenges facing breastfeeding student nurses returning to classes.

Research aim

To explore the breastfeeding experience of baccalaureate nursing students.

Methods

Our study was a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative design. Purposive sampling was used to enroll participants ( N = 12). In depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the data both manually and using Dedoose QDA software.

Results

An overarching theme of pervasive conflict between the role of the breastfeeding mother and the role of the student nurse surfaced. Three interrelated organizing themes also emerged; challenging, vulnerability, and resilience. Time constraints, self-care versus role demands, and structural accommodations contributed to the challenges. Only one participant indicated a knowledge of her breastfeeding rights. All of the participants expressed gratitude for faculty and community support, regardless of conflicts.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding participants were both vulnerable and resilient. Faculty may improve experiences through providing specific areas of support. A breastfeeding support policy outlining student rights and faculty responsibilities is needed to educate, guide, and enforce protections. Health care providers may enhance breastfeeding students’ experiences through anticipatory guidance, education, and continued support.
A Book Review of Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice (5th ed.), edited by Marlaine C. Smith. (2020). F.A. Davis Company
Authors: Hegge Margaret J.
Published: December 2020

The author in this article provides a book review of Marlaine C. Smith’s 5th edition of Nursing Theories and Practice.
Attentive Presence: Considerations for Focusing on Another
Authors: Carroll Karen
Published: December 2020

The article that follows provides insight when applying the literature on cybernetic communications and integrating goal-centered nursing care. This introductory piece provides an element of forethought by considering the phenomenon of attentive presence. The critical point emphasized in both commentaries is the significance of working together with the ebb and flow of connections and collaborations within the healthcare context.
Nursing Science, Mental Illness, and the Family: A Conceptual Framework to Break the Cycle of Suffering
Authors: Hunter Revell Susan M. , McCurry Mary K.
Published: December 2020

Mental illness is an epidemic in the United States, and there is a gap in care due to minimal integrated programs and transitional community resources. This paper reports the development of a conceptual framework to identify challenges facing families living with mental illness and the integral role nursing plays to positively impact health. An inductive, bottom-up approach was used to develop the Nursing Science, Mental Illness and Family model. Concepts clustered around family health, cycle of suffering, improving outcomes, healthcare policy, and nursing science. Successful, goal-directed interprofessional collaborations are essential for individual-, family-, and system-level interventions to be effective.
Numerical investigation on the effect of welding speed and heat input on the residual stress of multi-pass TIG welded stainless steel pipe
Authors: Asadi Parviz , Alimohammadi Samaneh , Kohantorabi Omid , Soleymani Ali , Fazli Ali
Published: December 2020

A numerical investigation is provided to study the residual stress states in multi-pass TIG welding of stainless steel SUS304 pipe. An uncoupled thermomechanical three-dimensional finite element model is developed using the ABAQUS software for a circular weld design around the pipe. The effects of weld pass numbers, electrode moving speed, and heat input on the internal and external surface tensions of the pipe are investigated. The simulation results show that by increasing the welding speed, the axial tensile stresses decrease on the pipe surfaces. In the case of hoop stress, as the welding speed raises, the tensile and compressive stresses are increased for both two- and three-pass welding. However, the width of the stress zone becomes narrower in higher welding speeds. The hoop stresses, in comparison with the axial stresses, are more strongly influenced by the welding speed and the heat input. Furthermore, using the three-pass welding process results in much lower stresses in comparison with the two-pass one.
Were human-introduced diseases the responsible for Pleistocene-Holocene megafaunal extinctions? First evidence from South America
Authors: Pérez Alberto E , Agnolin Federico L
Published: December 2020

Diverse hypotheses have been proposed with the aim to explain the extinction of Late Pleistocene/Holocene mammals, including the Megafauna from America. Some authors support that human being was the direct responsible of extinction by means of intensive hunting, as proposed by the “blitzkrieg” or overkilling hypothesis. However, evidence is not conclusive. As is well known by biologists, exotic diseases may play an important role in local extinction of diverse vertebrates. On this basis, some speculated that the arrival of man may also have introduced new diseases that may have played an important role on native mammals, especially megafaunal populations, probably constituting a key factor on their extinction. Recent findings of the parasite Fasciola hepatica in endemic deer from Holocene sites in Patagonia (and also probably from camelids in Peru) previous to Hispanic colonization constitute indirect evidence that may sustain this hypothesis. Because one of the main definite host of this parasite are humans, this potential disease may have been introduced by human populations as hosts and then disperse through the entire continent, as evidenced by the finding of Fasciola hepatica in Patagonia. Its presence in endemic deer and camelids previous to Hispanic colonization, reinforces the proposal that human-related diseases may have played some role in Late Pleistocene extinction of large native mammals.
Adherence to and effectiveness of lenalidomide after 1 year of treatment in a real world setting
Authors: Santoleri Fiorenzo , Lasala Ruggero , Ranucci Elena , Rocchi Marco , Pulini Stefano , Morelli Anna Maria , Spadano Antonio , Costantini Alberto
Published: December 2020

Background

In combination with dexamethasone, lenalidomide is prescribed in the oral treatment of Multiple Myeloma for patients who have received at least one previous therapy.

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate medication adherence to lenalidomide of Multiple Myeloma patients, as well as Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival one year from the beginning of the treatment.

Setting

The study was carried out in Pescara Hospital, in Italy. All Multiple Myeloma patients who began lenalidomide therapy between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2016 were included in our study.

Methods

Adherence to treatment was calculated by using the ratio between the Received Daily Dose and the Prescribed Daily Dose. Effectiveness in real world has been evaluated as Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival one year from the beginning of the treatment. Main outcomes measure: We assessed medication adherence and effectiveness of lenalidomide in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

Results

Adherence to the overall mean treatment was 0.73 ± 0.15, relative to 81 patients evaluated in our study. 32% of patients achieved an adherence equal to or greater than 80%. Real-life effectiveness in terms of Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival showed values of ​​53.75% and 88%, respectively, one year from the beginning of treatment.

Conclusion

The analysis of adherence in Multiple Myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide one year from the beginning of therapy reveal a concerning lack of adherence. Moreover, the lack of correlation of the levels of adherence with patient-related variables shows that, in the case of Multiple Myeloma, adherence is not related to personal, social and environmental characteristics that may determine each patient’s correct treatment implementation, but is directly influenced by disease evolution.
Conventional central venous catheters as tunnelled mid-clavicular midline catheters: Description of novel application and outcome analysis
Authors: Thiyagarajan Sivashanmugam , Ravindran Charulatha
Published: December 2020

Background:

Long peripheral catheters are the ideal devices for intermediate venous access (1–4 weeks). However due to non-availability and cost constraints, these lines are not widely adapted in developing countries. In this clinical report we describe a technique of using conventional Central Venous Catheters as Midclavicular midlines for intermediate venous access and present the outcome analysis of such catheters in the last 2 years from our institute.

Methods:

A single lumen conventional central venous catheter (5 Fr, 20 cm) was introduced through the deep veins of the upper arm, 1 to 1.5 cm distal to the axillary crease. The catheter was tunnelled for a distance of 5 to 7 cm to exit from Dawson’s green zone to reduce the incidence of Midline Associated Blood Stream Infection. Patients were followed up by trained staff nurses and outcome parameters were recorded.

Results:

Seventy six patients were enrolled and 72 patients underwent successful cannulation and completed the outcome analysis. Administration of intravenous antibiotics and chemotherapy were the commonest indications. The device served the intended duration of therapy in 66 (92%) patients for a median number of 12 (6–20) catheter days. Device related blood stream infection was 1.24/1000 catheter days and catheter related thrombosis rate was 8.3%.

Conclusion:

Conventional Central Venous Catheters can be effectively used as tunnelled Midclavicular midline catheters in low resource settings. The successful outcome analysis has to be confirmed by larger studies.
Understanding Nepali widows’ experiences for the adaptation of an instrument to assess Prolonged Grief Disorder
Authors: Kim Yoona , Rimal Damodar , K. C. Angela , Shrestha Sumeera , Luitel Nagendra P. , Prigerson Holly G. , Tol Wietse A. , Surkan Pamela J.
Published: December 2020

The experience of grief varies across different cultures and contexts. Women in Nepal who lose their husbands confront discrimination, social isolation, and abuse that influence their experience of grief. Through eight focus group discussions with Nepali widows, we elicited socially sanctioned grief reactions and local idioms used to describe common cognitive, behavioral, and emotional symptoms of grief. Accordingly, modifications to an existing instrument for Prolonged Grief Disorder, the PG-13, are suggested to capture grief symptoms as experienced by Nepali widows. Items in the PG-13 were translated to colloquial Nepali and adapted to maintain comprehensibility, acceptability, relevance, and completeness. Based on the grief-related issues reported in the focus group discussions, the addition of five new items and a new criterion to capture symptoms related to social discrimination are proposed. Widows perceived elevated symptoms one year after the loss to be problematic. It is thus recommended that the duration criterion in the original PG-13 be adjusted from at least six months to at least one year after the loss. These proposed modifications to the instrument should be validated through future psychometric testing.
Seismic performance of seawater and sea sand concrete-filled ultra-high performance concrete tubes under low-cycle reversed lateral loading
Authors: Liu Gang , Shan Bo , Lai Dade , Liu Fucai , Xiao Yan
Published: December 2020

Seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSSC) filled ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) tube (SFUHPC tube) column is a cement-based tubular composite column, which combines the excellent compressive strength and toughness of UHPC and lateral confining action from fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) hoops. The novel composite system has the potential to be used in marine engineering. The aims of this paper focus on evaluating the seismic performance of SFUHPC tube columns for being designed in costal and marine engineering. A series of low-cycle reversed lateral loading tests were conducted on five relatively large-scale specimens. FRP hoop volumetric ratio, compressive strength of filling SWSSC, and the types of FRP bar were selected as test parameters in this investigation. The failure modes, hysteretic responses and effects of main parameters were studied and discussed. SFUHPC tube columns exhibited flexural failure mode without visible spalling of the UHPC cover. It is noteworthy that the limit plastic drift ratios of all SFUHPC tube columns exceed the specified limits (0.02) in accordance to the rare earthquake requirement in seismic design code. The current study reveals that the proposed composite columns have acceptable ductility and relatively reliable lateral resistant performance for being used in the marine engineering. From the point of view of seismic performance, filling high strength SWSSC in UHPC tube is acceptable for the proposed composite system.
Study on shear performance of the connection with external stiffening ring between square steel tubular column and unequal-depth steel beams
Authors: Yin Shuhao , Rong Bin , Wang Lei , Sun Yiliang , Zhang Wuchen , Zhang Wen
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the shear performance of the connection with the external stiffening ring between the square steel tubular column and unequal-depth steel beams. Two specimens of interior column connections were tested under low cyclic loading. The deformation characteristics and failure modes exhibited by the test phenomena can be summarized as: (1) two specimens all exhibited shear deformation in steel tube web of the panel zone and (2) weld fracture in the panel zone and plastic hinge failure at beam end were observed. Besides, load-displacement behaviors and strain distributions have been also discussed. The nonlinear finite element models were developed to verify the test results. Comparative analyses of the bearing capacity, failure mode, and load-paths between the equal-depth and unequal-depth beam models have been carried out.
iefieldkit: Commands for primary data collection and cleaning
Authors: Bjärkefur Kristoffer , de Andrade Luíza Cardoso , Daniels Benjamin
Published: December 2020

Data collection and cleaning workflows implement highly repetitive but extremely important processes. In this article, we introduce iefieldkit, a package developed to standardize and simplify best practices for high-quality primary data collection across the World Bank’s Development Research Group Impact Evaluations department. iefieldkit automates error-checking for electronic Open Data Kit-based survey modules such as those implemented in SurveyCTO; duplicate checking and resolution; data cleaning, including renaming, labeling, recoding, and survey harmonization; and codebook creation.
Prosthetic Replacement of the Scaphoid Proximal Pole: Should It Be the Future?
Authors: Ferrero Matteo , Carità Enrico , Giacalone Francesco , Teodori Julien , Donadelli Alberto , Laterza Mara , Corain Massimo , Battiston Bruno
Published: December 2020

Background

Scaphoid proximal pole fractures with avascular necrosis represent a complex surgical problem. Many reconstruction techniques are based on osteosynthesis with a vascularized or nonvascularized bone graft. These procedures do not allow early mobilization and therefore sometimes lead to unsatisfying functional results. In some cases, it is possible to perform a scaphoid hemiarthroplasty using a pyrocarbon implant (adaptive proximal scaphoid implant [APSI]) in place of the necrotic proximal pole, allowing an early mobilization and delaying palliative treatments such as 4-corner arthrodesis or proximal row carpectomy.

Methods

In this study, we reviewed all patients who had undergone a scaphoid hemiarthroplasty using APSI in our institutions from 1999 to 2017; the F.U. was performed through radiographic, clinical, and subjective (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) analysis.

Results

The performances of scaphoid proximal pole implants are encouraging; radiographic, clinical, and subjective outcomes were good, and the functional recovery proved to be fast and reliable over time.

Conclusions

This study reports our experience in the use of APSI implants, which proved to be a good alternative to traditional techniques for treating avascular necrosis of the proximal pole, still allowing further surgical steps in case of clinical worsening over time (wrist osteoarthritis). These patients are usually young and present high functional demands. Our experience is promising, but we believe that further evaluation over time will be needed.
Influence of hinge length and distribution number on the camber and cornering properties of a non-pneumatic tire
Authors: Du Xianbin , Zhao Youqun , Ma Yijiang , Fu Hongxun
Published: December 2020

The camber and cornering properties of the tire directly affect the handling stability of vehicles, especially in emergencies such as high-speed cornering and obstacle avoidance. The structural and load-bearing mode of non-pneumatic mechanical elastic (ME) wheel determine that the mechanical properties of ME wheel will change when different combinations of hinge length and distribution number are adopted. The camber and cornering properties of ME wheel with different hinge lengths and distributions were studied by combining finite element method (FEM) with neural network theory. A ME wheel back propagation (BP) neural network model was established, and the additional momentum method and adaptive learning rate method were utilized to improve BP algorithm. The learning ability and generalization ability of the network model were verified by comparing the output values with the actual input values. The camber and cornering properties of ME wheel were analyzed when the hinge length and distribution changed. The results showed the variation of lateral force and aligning torque of different wheel structures under the combined conditions, and also provided guidance for the matching of wheel and vehicle performance.
What Is Orientation in Dignitarian Thinking? Self, Other, Time and Space
Authors: Riley Stephen
Published: December 2020

Drawing upon Kant’s analysis of the role of intuitions in our orientation towards knowledge, this paper analyses four points of departure in thinking about dignity: self, other, time and space. Each reveals a core area of normative discourse – authenticity in the self, respect for the other, progress through time and authority as the government of space – along with related grounds of resistance to dignity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the methodological challenge presented by our different dignitarian intuitions, in particular the role of universality in testing and cohering our intuitions.
Early childhood educators’ well-being, work environments and ‘quality’: Possibilities for changing policy and practice
Authors: Cumming Tamara , Wong Sandie , Logan Helen
Published: December 2020

A child’s right to high quality education not only relies on a competent and skilled workforce, but one in which educators are well. Supporting a well workforce requires governments, organisations and educators to attend to work environment quality. This attention needs be based on sound, relevant evidence. In this paper we contribute evidence of educators’ well-being from the survey component of an Australian study with 73 participants. We map results against international guidelines, and policy openings in Australia’s National Quality Standard to understand how educators’ work environments are affecting their well-being. We conclude that existing policies on quality in early childhood education in Australia attend to only some features of work environments, with a notable absence of attention to supporting educators in the relational complexities of their work. To enable educators to provide high quality education and care, greater attention is needed by organisations and governments to what quality work environments might look like.
Community Integration After Traumatic Brain Injury and Related Factors: A Study in the Nepalese Context
Authors: Lama Sumana , Damkliang Jintana , Kitrungrote Luppana
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Community integration is an essential component for rehabilitation among traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors, which yields positive outcomes in terms of social activities, community participation, and productive work. A factor that usually facilitates community integration among TBI survivors is social support, whereas physical environment and fatigue are most often found as barriers.

Objectives

This study aimed to (1) describe the level of community integration, fatigue, physical environment, and social support of persons after TBI, and (2) examine the relationship between community integration and these three factors.

Methods

This is a descriptive correlational study. One hundred and twenty TBI survivors living in the communities of Province Number Three, Nepal were enrolled using the stratified sampling technique. The data were collected using the Community Integration Questionnaire, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the data.

Results

Community integration, fatigue, and physical environment showed a moderate level, while social support revealed a high level. Fatigue was significantly correlated with overall community integration, whereas physical environment was found to correlate with two subscales of community integration, home integration and productive activities.

Conclusion

To enhance the level of community integration among TBI survivors, health care providers, in particular rehabilitation nurses and community nurses, should plan and implement strategies such as follow-up appointments or continued rehabilitation at home.
Forming an Affiliation Between Two Culturally Different Academic Institutions of Nursing Studies
Authors: Segev Ronen , Strauss Ester
Published: December 2020

Introduction

This article describes the association of two culturally different institutions opening a joint Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program for ultra-Orthodox Jewish (Haredi) women in order to enable them to find jobs due to changes in their society and increasing global demand for nurses in the labor market. The objective of this description is to illustrate the efforts and changes needed to facilitate the affiliation of two culturally and ideologically different organizations and the implications and conclusions of such a program.

Methods

The study is based on interviews with past administrators, a review of the literature, and supporting institution documents.

Conclusions

A joint nursing academic program was founded by two culturally different educational institutions for the ultra-Orthodox Jewish women population. Creating a culturally sensitive nursing academic program helped ultra-Orthodox women acquire an academic profession which enabled their integration into the academic professional's work world and add more nurses to the labor market. The authors reviewed the efforts and changes needed to facilitate the affiliation of two culturally and ideologically different organizations based on the Bolman and Deal four frames model.
The Story of Ambikapati and Amaravati: A Tamil Romeo and Juliet Legend
Authors: Somasundaram O. , Suresh T. R. , Raghavan Vijaya
Published: December 2020

The most famous love story in the world is probably that of Romeo and Juliet. Its Tamil parallel is that of Ambikapati and Amaravati, and their sad story is unfolded here. The points of comparison between the two stories as well as the role of fate in the tragic outcome of the both are discussed in brief.
A Study on First Ischemic Stroke Patients for Prevalence of Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis and Risk Factors: Our Experience in Northeast India and Review of Literature
Authors: Das Prabuddha J. , Handique Sanjeev K. , Saharia Baijayanta
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and risk factors in stroke patients of northeast India. This is a prospective hospital-based study on 157 first ischemic stroke patients of the region.

Method:

A total of 157 patients presenting with first ever sudden onset focal neurological deficit lasting for more than 24 hours due to acute ischemic brain infarction were selected, after excluding other causes of focal neurological deficit by imaging. All extracranial carotid arteries were evaluated with carotid ultrasonography. Forty-four patients also had computed tomography (CT) angiography of intracranial and extracranial arteries. Risk factors of stroke were recorded for each patient.

Results:

Only 8.92% patients had significant extracranial carotid artery stenosis. There was high prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis compared to extracranial artery stenosis in patients who had CT angiography. There was high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Increased age and male sex were important factors associated with first ischemic stroke.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of significant extracranial carotid artery stenosis is low in northeast Indian patients with first ischemic stroke, indicating that it is not a major cause of ischemic stroke in this population. There may be high prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis compared to extracranial artery stenosis.
IGFBP7 activates retinoid acid–induced responses in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells
Authors: van Gils Noortje , Verhagen Han J. M. P. , Rutten Arjo , Menezes Renee X. , Tsui Mei-Ling , Vermue Eline , Dekens Esmée , Brocco Fabio , Denkers Fedor , Kessler Floortje L. , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Smit Linda
Published: December 2020

Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with low doses of arsenic trioxide or chemotherapy leads to exceptionally high cure rates (>90%). ATRA forces APL cells into differentiation and cell death. Unfortunately, ATRA-based therapy has not been effective among any other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype, and long-term survival rates remain unacceptably low; only 30% of AML patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Here, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as part of ATRA-induced responses in APL cells. Most importantly, we observed that addition of recombinant human IGFBP7 (rhIGFBP7) increased ATRA-driven responses in a subset of non-APL AML samples: those with high RARA expression. In nonpromyelocytic AML, rhIGFBP7 treatment induced a transcriptional program that sensitized AML cells for ATRA-induced differentiation, cell death, and inhibition of leukemic stem/progenitor cell survival. Furthermore, the engraftment of primary AML in mice was significantly reduced following treatment with the combination of rhIGFBP7 and ATRA. Mechanistically, we showed that the synergism of ATRA and rhIGFBP7 is due, at least in part, to reduction of the transcription factor GFI1. Together, these results suggest a potential clinical utility of IGFBP7 and ATRA combination treatment to eliminate primary AML (leukemic stem/progenitor) cells and reduce relapse in AML patients.
Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and improve barrier integrity in clinically relevant models of ARDS
Authors: Dutra Silva Johnatas , Su Yue , Calfee Carolyn S. , Delucchi Kevin L. , Weiss Daniel , McAuley Danny F. , O'Kane Cecilia , Krasnodembskaya Anna D.
Published: December 2020

Alveolar epithelial–capillary barrier disruption is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the compromised alveolar-capillary barrier in ARDS remains unclear. Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are considered as a cell-free therapy for ARDS. Mitochondrial transfer was shown to be important for the therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC-EVs. Here we investigated the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the injury of alveolar epithelial and endothelial barriers in ARDS and the ability of MSC-EVs to modulate alveolar–capillary barrier integrity through mitochondrial transfer.

Primary human small airway epithelial and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and human precision cut lung slices (PCLSs) were stimulated with endotoxin or plasma samples from patients with ARDS and treated with MSC-EVs, barrier properties and mitochondrial functions were evaluated. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured mice were treated with MSC-EVs and degree of lung injury and mitochondrial respiration of the lung tissue were assessed.

Inflammatory stimulation resulted in increased permeability coupled with pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction in both types of primary cells and PCLSs. Extracellular vesicles derived from normal MSCs restored barrier integrity and normal levels of oxidative phosphorylation while an extracellular vesicles preparation which did not contain mitochondria was not effective.In vivo, presence of mitochondria was critical for extracellular vesicles ability to reduce lung injury and restore mitochondrial respiration in the lung tissue.

In the ARDS environment, MSC-EVs improve alveolar–capillary barrier properties through restoration of mitochondrial functions at least partiallyviamitochondrial transfer.
Why is a paediatric respiratory specialist integral to the paediatric rheumatology clinic?
Authors: Ramphul Manisha , Gallagher Kathy , Warrier Kishore , Jagani Sumit , Bhatt Jayesh Mahendra
Published: December 2020

Systemic connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are characterised by the presence of autoantibodies and multiorgan involvement. Although CTDs are rare in children, they are associated with pulmonary complications, which have a high morbidity and mortality rate. The exact pathophysiology remains unclear. The pleuropulmonary complications in CTD are diverse in their manifestations and are often complex to diagnose and manage.

The most common CTDs are discussed. These include juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile dermatomyositis, juvenile systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease. We describe the clinical features of the pleuropulmonary complications, focusing on their screening, diagnosis and monitoring. Treatment strategies are also discussed, highlighting the factors and interventions that influence the outcome of lung disease in CTD and pulmonary complications of treatment.

Early detection and prompt treatment in a multidisciplinary team setting, including respiratory and rheumatology paediatricians and radiologists, is paramount in achieving the best possible outcomes for these patients.
Pro: Bronchoscopy is essential for pulmonary infections in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Milliken Eliza J.T. , Davis Joshua S.
Published: December 2020

Up to 60% of patients with haematological malignancy will develop pulmonary infiltrates at some point in their disease course. Bronchoscopy should be used early in patients without respiratory failure as diagnostic yield is highest in the first 1–2 days of illness. Perceptions that patients with haematological malignancy are at higher risk of complications from bronchoscopy has led to a reluctance to perform the procedure. However, cohort studies have not demonstrated any increase in complications for this specific patient group. Common concerns include mucosal injury, respiratory impairment and haemorrhage. However, prospective cohort studies demonstrate that this patient group do not experience a higher than baseline level of complications. Specific pathogen diagnosis reduces morbidity and mortality in lung infection. Additionally, complex infections with multidrug-resistant organisms, the increasing prevalence of which is largely driven by empirical antibiotic use, make specific diagnosis more crucial than ever if we are to maintain our ability to manage myelosuppressive therapies and stem cell transplant.
Lung function improvements following inhaled indacaterol/glycopyrronium/mometasone furoate are independent of dosing time in asthma patients: a randomised trial
Authors: Beier Jutta , Watz Henrik , Diamant Zuzana , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Singh Dave , Pinot Pascale , Jones Ieuan , Tillmann Hanns-Christian
Published: December 2020

Once-daily asthma treatment should prevent night-time deterioration, irrespective of the time of dosing. IND/GLY/MF, a fixed-dose combination of inhaled indacaterol acetate (IND, long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)), glycopyrronium bromide (GLY, long-acting muscarinic antagonist) and mometasone furoate (MF, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)) delivered by Breezhaler, is indicated in adult asthma patients inadequately controlled on LABA/ICS.

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period, crossover, phase II study was performed to investigate the bronchodilator effect of IND/GLY/MF (150/50/80 μg) dosed morning and eveningversusplacebo in patients with mild-moderate asthma. The primary end-point was weighted mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over 24 h following 14 days of IND/GLY/MF dosed a.m. and p.m.versusplacebo. Secondary end-points included the effect of dosing time on peak expiratory flow (PEF) and safety/tolerability.

Of 37 randomised patients (age 18–72 years; 21 male, 16 female) 34 completed all three treatment periods. At screening, median (range) pre-bronchodilator FEV1was 75.8% (60–96%). Patients were using stable low- (83.8%) or medium-dose (16.2%) ICS. Morning and evening dosing of IND/GLY/MF improved FEV1(area under the curve from 0 to 24 h) by 610 mL (90% CI 538–681 mL) and 615 mL (90% CI 544–687 mL), respectively,versusplacebo. Mean PEF over 14 days increased by 70.7 L·min−1(90% CI 60.5–80.9 L·min−1) following a.m. dosing, and by 59.7 L·min−1(90% CI 49.5–69.9 L·min−1) following p.m. dosing of IND/GLY/MFversusplacebo. IND/GLY/MF demonstrated a safety profile comparable with placebo.

Once-daily inhaled IND/GLY/MF was well tolerated and provided sustained lung function improvements over 24 h, irrespective of a.m. or p.m. dosing, in patients with mild–moderate asthma.
Efficacy of indacaterol/glycopyrroniumversussalmeterol/fluticasone in current and ex-smokers: a pooled analysis of IGNITE trials
Authors: Halpin David M.G. , Vogelmeier Claus F. , Mezzi Karen , Gupta Pritam , Kostikas Konstantinos , Wedzicha Jadwiga A.
Published: December 2020

Inhaled corticosteroids have proven to be less effective in asthmatic patients who smoke; however, there is limited information on the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid-containing regimens in COPD patients who continue smoking. We evaluate the differential efficacy of once-daily indacaterol/glycopyrronium 110/50 µg compared with twice-daily salmeterol/fluticasone 50/500 µg in current smokers and ex-smokers with COPD.

A pooled analysis of data from ILLUMINATE, LANTERN and FLAME studies was conducted to assess the efficacy of indacaterol/glycopyrronium compared with salmeterol/fluticasone in current smokers and ex-smokers with COPD. Efficacy was assessed in terms of improvements in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1),transition dyspnoea index (TDI) focal score, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score, reduced rescue medication use and exacerbation prevention at 26 weeks after the start of the therapy.

In total, 1769 (38%) current smokers and 2848 (62%) ex-smokers were included. Patients treated with indacaterol/glycopyrronium experienced greater improvements in trough FEV1versussalmeterol/fluticasone in both current and ex-smokers (least squares mean treatment difference, 105 mL and 78 mL, respectively). Improvements in TDI focal score, SGRQ total score and reduction in rescue medication use were also greater with indacaterol/glycopyrroniumversussalmeterol/fluticasone in current and ex-smokers. Furthermore, indacaterol/glycopyrronium reduced all exacerbations (moderate/severe) compared with salmeterol/fluticasone, irrespective of smoking status. The difference in efficacy in favour of indacaterol/glycopyrronium was more prominent in current smokers in most cases.

Indacaterol/glycopyrronium demonstrated greater efficacyversussalmeterol/fluticasone, and the differences were generally more prominent in current smokers suggesting smoking may reduce the effects of salmeterol/fluticasone.
Thymosin β10 promotes tumor-associated macrophages M2 conversion and proliferation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Jun , Yang Xianggui , Yang Li , Li Wancheng , Zheng Yaxin
Published: December 2020

Background

Thymosin β10 (TMSB10) has been reported to play a protumorigenic role in a majority of solid cancers. However, the existence of TMSB10 in immune microenvironment may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma has not been previously explored.

Method

TAMs-associated TMSB10 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 184 lung adenocarcinomas. Xenograft mice model was established to investigate the effect of TMSB10 shRNA on TAMs phenotypes. The macrophages phenotype associated cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA after treated with TMSB10 shRNA or scramble. Furthermore, the target proteins were detected by immunoblotting.

Results

We found that high TAMs-associated TMSB10 expression was significantly correlated with the advanced TNM stage and T3/T4 tumor size. And high TAMs-associated TMSB10 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall and progression-free survival of lung adenocarcinoma, acting as an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, we investigated the biological functions of TMSB10 in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. TMSB10 knockdown dramatically reduced TAMs, THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and promoted macrophages phenotype conversion of M2 to M1, and TMSB10 knockdown reduced the levels of p-Akt (Sec473), p-mTOR (Sec2448) and p-p70S6K (Thr389) without effect on Akt, mTOR and p70S6K expression.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that TAMs-associated TMSB10 promotes tumor growth through increasing TAMs M2 conversion and proliferation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, providing a promising tumor biomarker for predicting prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
Risk perception regarding the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population: a comparative Middle East survey
Authors: Shahin Mahmoud Abdel Hameed , Hussien Rasha Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Background

People’s perceptions of pandemic-associated risk are key factors contributing to increased public participation in disease preventive measures. The aim of the study was to investigate risk perceptions regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, among the general population. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 723 participants, recruited from the general population of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan. Data collection was performed using a standardized risk perception assessment questionnaire, in April 2020.

Results

The mean score for the perception of COVID-19 seriousness was significantly higher and the mean scores for the perception of disease susceptibility and extent of anxiety were also higher among Saudi Arabian participants than participants from Egypt and Jordan. Participants from Egypt had significantly lower mean scores for the perception of efficacy and self-efficacy to cope with COVID-19, and significantly lower intention to comply with COVID-19 precautionary measures than the other populations. A significant positive correlation was detected between the perception of COVID-19 seriousness and self-efficacy to handle COVID-19, for the entire sample. The primary reasons reported by participants driving their willingness to perform certain preventive measures against COVID-19 was a feeling of responsibility toward their own health, followed by preventing transmission to other people and the feeling that COVID-19 can be serious. Most of the study sample reported a desire to receive information about COVID-19 treatment, ways to prevent disease contraction, and the incubation period for the novel coronavirus. Also, most of the study sample reported that they prefer receiving COVID-19 updates from national authorities.

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, communications designed to promote the adoption of preventive behaviors should focus on increasing the perception of seriousness, the risk perception, self-efficacy to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effectiveness of the adopted behavioral measures for reducing risk. Health education programs that are tailored to various sociodemographic categories, to improve public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes, are vital for increasing the adoption of outbreak preventive measures.
Lorentz violation induced by Rashba coupling via non-commutative geometry
Authors: Aghababaei S. , Rezaei G.
Published: December 2020

In this paper we consider a simple non-relativistic quantum system for a particle confined inside a pseudo-harmonic oscillator potential in the non-commutative space. We study the influence of non-commutative background on the energy spectrum of the particle by considering the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. We show that the Rashba interaction can generate the Lorentz violation effect in the non-commutative background, which is independent of potential. Finally, we find a compatible bound on the Lorentz violation parameter of electrons as an order of

in the non-relativistic system.
A Spirit of Inquiry
Authors: Francis Donette
Published: December 2020

This essay argues that three lessons have emerged from the Jamaican Cultural-Political Modern Project convenings that clarify its productive methodological stakes: living with disagreements, seeing interconnected inquiries, and creating embodied archives of critical re-memories. The essay foregrounds the backstory to make visible the intellectual care work that attends this practice.
ABOUT FACTORS PROMOTING REALIZATION OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC
Authors: Pobedonostseva Veronika , Pobedonostseva Galina
Published: December 2020

At the article one of the main competitive advantages of the Russian Arctic zone in order to identify factors that increase its competitiveness are considered. An important place in these advantages is taken by everything that relates to the internal structures of regional governance, since the criterion of competitiveness of any subject of the Russian Federation (RF) implies an assessment of the interests of the region asserted, including the most favorable economic conditions for organizations and enterprises of the latter. Some factors affecting the improving competitiveness of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the realization of their competitive advantages is identified and justified on the example of the Murmansk region.
Organizational Model of Personalized Digital Education for Teachers
Authors: Mylova I. , Lukicheva E.
Published: December 2020

The research is devoted to the study of the problem of organizing personalized training of teachers in digital technologies in the system of post-diploma teacher education in online format. The paper describes an approach to designing an organizational learning model that provides a set of flexible and practice-oriented educational programs.
he content posting practices of young people on social networks
Authors: Rodríguez-Illera José Luis , Martínez-Olmo Francesc , Rubio-Hurtado Maria José , Galván-Fernández Cristina
Published: December 2020

We aim to rethink personal digital storytelling in light of new forms of communication that have emerged on social networks, as well as to analyse the core value of image in all of them. Three specific objectives are proposed: i) to know the habits and practices of young people in relation to the publication of digital (and other) narratives in social networks, ii) to identify profiles and types of young publishers, iii) to characterize the differentiating elements between the types of young publishers. For this purpose, we have designed a questionnaire on young people’s social network posting practices. The sample corresponds to 835 young people between 12 and 22 years old from Ibero-American countries (Spain, Chile and Colombia). Our analysis of the results of the questionnaire shows certain differences according to age, country and gender, along with several significant similarities. The respondents have been classified according to posting frequency and type of posts. Last of all, we make some considerations on how to incorporate the results of the questionnaire in the training methodology of personal digital storytelling.