bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraarterial Versus Intravenous Tirofiban as an Adjunct to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Jianhong , Wu Yuefei , Gao Xiang , Bivard Andrew , Levi Christopher R. , Parsons Mark W. , Lin Longting , Spratt Neil , Garcia Esperon Carlos , Miteff Ferdinand , Choi Philip M.C. , Kleining Timothy , O’Brien Billy , Butcher Kenneth , Dong Qiang , Cheng Xin , Lou Min , Yin Congguo , Wang Peng , Geng Yu , Zhang Xu , Yang Xuezhi , Qiu Weiwen , Fang Qi , Sui Yi , Chen Wenhuo , Li Gang
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effect of intraarterial versus intravenous tirofiban during endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:

This study retrospectively examined 503 patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion who received endovascular thrombectomy within 24 hours of stroke onset. Patients were divided into 3 groups: no tirofiban (n=354), intraarterial tirofiban (n=79), and intravenous tirofiban (n=70). The 3 groups were compared in terms of recanalization rate, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, in-hospital death rate, 3-month death, and 3-month outcomes measured by modified Rankin Scale score (good clinical outcome of 0–2, poor outcome of 5–6). The comparison was statistically assessed by propensity score matching, followed by Freidman rank-sum test and pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction.

Results:

The propensity score matching resulted in 92 matched triplets. Compared with the no-tirofiban group, the intravenous tirofiban group showed significantly increased recanalization (96.7% versus 64.1%,
P
<0.001), an increased rate of 3-month good outcome (69.5% versus 51.2%,
P
=0.034), and a lower rate of 3-month poor outcome (12.2% versus 41.4%,
P
<0.001). There was no significant difference between the tirofiban intravenous and no-tirofiban groups in terms of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (2.2% versus 0%,
P
=1.000). However, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was significantly increased in the intraarterial-tirofiban group compared with the no-tirofiban group (19.1% versus 0%,
P
<0.001), with an increased rate of in-hospital death (23.6% versus 0%
P
<0.001), and increased rate of 3-month death (26.8% versus 11.1%,
P
=0.021). The intraarterial-tirofiban and no-tirofiban group showed no significant difference in recanalization rate (66.3% versus 64.1%,
P
=1.000).

Conclusions:

As an adjunct to endovascular thrombectomy, intravenous tirofiban is associated with high recanalization rate and good outcome, whereas intraarterial tirofiban is associated with high hemorrhagic rate and death rate.
Tylopilus jiangxiensis, a new species of Tylopilus s. str. from China

Authors: ZHAO KUAN , ZHANG FU-MAO , ZENG QING-QING , HAN LI-HONG , LI YAN-CHUN
Published: September 2020

Tylopilus jiangxiensis is described as a new species characterized by its small basidiomata, yellowish brown pileal and stipe surface, pallid to pinkish hymenophore, smooth stipe surface and white context without color change when bruised. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on five gene makers (ITS, nrLSU, tef1-α, rpb1 and rpb2) confirmed it as a novel member of the genus Tylopilus s. str. Its morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided.
Nomenclatural notes on Heliocarya (Boraginaceae) from Iran

Authors: RANJBAR MASSOUD , KHALVATI SINA
Published: September 2020

The new combination of Heliocarya actinobole (Bunge) Ranjbar & Khalvati is proposed for the species widely known as Caccinia actinobole and a lectotype for it is designated.
Revealing the specific status of Mellicta distans Higgins, 1955, stat. n. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with morphological and molecular characters
Authors: KOVALENKO MARGARITA G. , KOLESNICHENKO KIRILL A. , KUDRYAVTSEVA ANNA A.
Published: September 2020

A detailed comparison of the taxa Mellicta aurelia distans Higgins, 1955, M. aurelia aurelia (Nickerl, 1850), and M. alatauica (Staudinger, 1881) was performed. The geographic isolation of M. aurelia distans, its habitat preferences, as well as clear differences in the female and male genitalia compared with M. aurelia aurelia, indicate that the taxon distans is an independent species. Molecular data based on sequencing of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) of the mitochondrial DNA confirmed our morphological results. Both the morphological and the molecular results showed a high degree of divergence of M. alatauica from the related species.
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer: Contributing to Earth Observations for over 40 Years
Authors: Kalluri S. , Cao C. , Heidinger A. , Ignatov A. , Key J. , Smith T.
Published: September 2020

The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR), which have been flying on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) polar-orbiting weather satellites since 1978, provide the longest global record of Earth observations from a visible–infrared imager. Experience gained through AVHRRs has been integral to the development of the new-generation sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and associated data processing algorithms in the United States, as well as a similar class of sensor by space agencies around the world. Over four decades of data have been vital for studying Earth and its change. TheMetOp-Csatellite that was successfully launched in 2018 carries the last AVHRR. This article reviews the contributions of AVHRR in building a continuous global data record over the last 40 years on the occasion of its last launch.
The Interannual Variability of the Tropical Divergence Tilt and Its Connection with the Extratropical Circulation
Authors: Zurita-Gotor Pablo
Published: September 2020

Previous theoretical work has suggested that the strength of the divergent eddy momentum flux in the deep tropics, due to correlations between rotational zonal velocities and divergent meridional velocities, increases with the meridional tilt of the large-scale divergence field. To test that idea, this work investigates the interannual variability of the divergent eddy momentum flux in reanalysis data. Consistent with the theory, it is found that the eddy momentum flux variability is driven by two main parameters: the amplitude of the tropical stationary wave and the tilt of the divergence field. Together, these two parameters account for 80% (90%) of the interannual eddy momentum flux variance during boreal (austral) winter. The interannual variability of these parameters is governed by the internal atmospheric dynamics. During boreal winter, interannual changes in MJO variability explain nearly half of the interannual variance in the stationary wave amplitude, depending on whether on average MJO anomalies interfere constructively or destructively with the stationary wave. The interannual variability of the divergence phase tilt is modulated by tropical–extratropical interactions in the Pacific. The tilt increases during the negative phase of the west Pacific Oscillation associated with a dipole of upper-level divergence (convergence) on the northern (southern) side of the Pacific jet exit region.
The Poisson Link between Internal Wave and Dissipation Scales in the Thermocline. Part I: Probability Density Functions and the Poisson Modeling of Vertical Strain
Authors: Pinkel Robert
Published: September 2020

The irregular nature of vertical density profiles is a ubiquitous characteristic of the ocean thermocline. This distortion can be quantified by tracking a set of constant-density (isopycnal) surfaces over time. Examination of 30 000 km of vertical density profile data from seven Pacific Ocean sites indicates that the statistics of isopycnal vertical separation follow the gamma probability distribution, the continuous representation of a Poisson process. All aspects of this process are specified by a single parameter κ0, of order 0.5–2 m−1 across the Pacific. When vertical wavenumber spectra of vertical strain are nondimensionalized by κ0, the variability in these pan-Pacific spectra reduce from a factor of 20 to a factor of 2. Given that numerous dimensionless metrics such as the Richardson number, Froude number, Burger number, etc., are required to specify dynamical balances in the sea, it is intriguing that a single-parameter model describes all aspects of the statistics of vertical strain over the range of scales ~2–200 m. While both internal wave and vortical motions are present in the data, the waves dominate the strain signal at these sites. The high-wavenumber cutoff in the strain spectrum is set by the nonsinusoidal waveform of short-vertical-scale internal waves. As large-scale numerical models improve in resolution, they should replicate this Poisson structure in order to properly model plankton variability, vertical diffusion, horizontal dispersion, sound propagation, and other fine-scale phenomena.
The Poisson Link between Internal Wave and Dissipation Scales in the Thermocline. Part II: Internal Waves, Overturns, and the Energy Cascade
Authors: Pinkel Robert
Published: September 2020

The irregular nature of vertical profiles of density in the thermocline appears well described by a Poisson process over vertical scales 2–200 m. To what extent does this view of the thermocline conflict with established models of the internal wavefield? Can a one-parameter Poisson subrange be inserted between the larger-scale wavefield and the microscale field of intermittent turbulent dissipation, both of which require many parameters for their specification? It is seen that a small modification to the Poisson vertical correlation function converts it to the corresponding correlation function of the Garrett–Munk (GM) internal wave spectral model. The linear scaling relations and vertical wavenumber dependencies of the GM model are maintained provided the Poisson constant κ0 is equated with the ratio of twice the displacement variance to the vertical correlation scale of the wavefield. Awareness of this Poisson wavefield relation enables higher-order strain statistics to be determined directly from the strain spectrum. Using observations from across the Pacific Ocean, the average Thorpe scale of individual overturning events is found to be nearly equal to the inverse of κ0, the metric of background thermocline distortion. If the fractional occurrence of overturning ϕ is introduced as an additional parameter, a Poisson version of the Gregg–Henyey relationship can be derived. The Poisson constant, buoyancy frequency, and ϕ combine to create a complete parameterization of energy transfer from internal wave scales through the Poisson subrange to dissipation. An awareness of the underlying Poisson structure of the thermocline will hopefully facilitate further improvement in both internal wave spectral models and ocean mixing parameterizations.
Seasonal Forecast Skill of ENSO Teleconnection Maps
Authors: Lenssen Nathan J. L. , Goddard Lisa , Mason Simon
Published: September 2020

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant source of seasonal climate predictability. This study quantifies the historical impact of ENSO on seasonal precipitation through an update of the global ENSO teleconnection maps of Mason and Goddard. Many additional teleconnections are detected due to better handling of missing values and 20 years of additional, higher quality data. These global teleconnection maps are used as deterministic and probabilistic empirical seasonal forecasts in a verification study. The probabilistic empirical forecast model outperforms climatology in the tropics demonstrating the value of a forecast derived from the expected precipitation anomalies given the ENSO phase. Incorporating uncertainty due to SST prediction shows that teleconnection maps are skillful in predicting tropical precipitation up to a lead time of 4 months. The historical IRI seasonal forecasts generally outperform the empirical forecasts made with the teleconnection maps, demonstrating the additional value of state-of-the-art dynamical-based seasonal forecast systems. Additionally, the probabilistic empirical seasonal forecasts are proposed as reference forecasts for future skill assessments of real-time seasonal forecast systems.
Sequelae of Major Trauma Patients with Maxillofacial Fractures
Authors: Petersen Lasse Østrup , Ipsen Emil Ørskov , Felding Ulrik Ascanius , von Buchwald Christian , Steinmetz Jacob
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

Sequelae after maxillofacial fractures are frequent and may affect the patient’s quality of life. This study examined sequelae associated with maxillofacial fractures of severely traumatized patients focusing mainly on nerve injuries.

Methods:

A retrospective study including trauma patients with relevant facial fractures admitted to our Trauma Center in the period 2011-2016. Presence of posttraumatic maxillofacial sequelae was identified by examining the medical records of the included patients. Focusing on facial sensory deficits and facial nerve paralysis, but also comprising data on diplopia, blindness, malocclusion, trismus, eye globe malposition, flattening of the malar, facial contour changes, and wound infections.

Results:

Two-hundred-seventy-five severely traumatized patients were included, comprising 201 men (73%), with a median age of 40 years and ISS of 20. 163 (59%) patients only had assessments within 3 months from trauma of which 79 patients (48.5%) had facial complications at initial examination, mostly malocclusion and trismus. Most patients in this group had no or only minor sequelae at their last clinical assessment, mainly being sensory deficits. 112 (41%) patients had assessments both within and beyond 3 months of which 73 patients (65.2%) had facial complications at initial examination, while 91 patients (81%) had reported sequelae within 3 months decreasing to 47 patients (42%) at their last clinical assessment beyond 3 months from trauma, mostly sensory deficits. An improvement of most sequelae was observed.

Conclusion:

Objective sequelae were found to be quite common after maxillofacial fractures in severely traumatized patients, especially sensory deficits. However, most of the addressed sequelae seemed to improve over time.
What Drives the Immigration-Welfare Policy Link? Comparing Germany, France and the United Kingdom
Authors: Slaven Mike , Casella Colombeau Sara , Badenhoop Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

Western European states have increasingly linked immigration and welfare policy. This trend has important implications for European welfare-state trajectories, but accounts of the policy reasoning behind it have diverged. Are policymakers attempting to delimit social citizenship to secure welfare-state legitimacy? Pursuing new, market-oriented welfare-state goals? Symbolically communicating immigration control intentions to voters? Or attempting to instrumentally steer immigration flows? These accounts have rarely been tested empirically against each other. Redressing this, we employ 83 elite interviews in a comparative process-tracing study of policies linking welfare provision and immigration status in Germany, France, and the UK during the 1990s. We find little evidence suggesting welfare-guided policy reasonings. Rather, this policy linkage appears “immigration-guided:” meant to control “unwanted” immigration or resonate symbolically in immigration politics. Differences in exclusions from welfare support for migrants grew from existing national differences in welfare-state design and politicizations of immigration, not from policy intentions, which were largely shared.
Performance of the Grade of Membership Model Under a Variety of Sample Sizes, Group Size Ratios, and Differential Group Response Probabilities for Dichotomous Indicators
Authors: Holmes Finch W.
Published: September 2020

Social scientists are frequently interested in identifying latent subgroups within the population, based on a set of observed variables. One of the more common tools for this purpose is latent class analysis (LCA), which models a scenario involving k finite and mutually exclusive classes within the population. An alternative approach to this problem is presented by the grade of membership (GoM) model, in which individuals are assumed to have partial membership in multiple population subgroups. In this respect, it differs from the hard groupings associated with LCA. The current Monte Carlo simulation study extended on prior work on the GoM by investigating its ability to recover underlying subgroups in the population for a variety of sample sizes, latent group size ratios, and differing group response profiles. In addition, this study compared the performance of GoM with that of LCA. Results demonstrated that when the underlying process conforms to the GoM model form, the GoM approach yielded more accurate classification results than did LCA. In addition, it was found that the GoM modeling paradigm yielded accurate results for samples as small as 200, even when latent subgroups were very unequal in size. Implications for practice were discussed.
Animal-Encounter Fatalities, United States, 1999-2016: Cause of Death and Misreporting
Authors: Haskell Marilyn Goss , Langley Ricky Lee
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Errors and misreporting on death certificates are common, along with potential inaccuracies in cause-of-death coding. We characterized and compared fatalities by animal-encounter mentions reported as underlying cause of death (UCD) with animal-encounter mentions reported as multiple cause of death (MCD) to determine factors associated with misreporting UCD.

Methods

We analyzed fatality data from 1999-2016 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research by UCD and MCD animal-encounter mentions ( International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes W53-59, X20-27 and X29, T63.0-63.6, T63.8-63.9, and T78.2-78.4). We examined differences in reporting by age, sex, race, autopsy (yes, no, unknown), allergic reactions, and toxicities.

Results

The number of animal-encounter mentions by UCD was 3638 (202 average per year) and by MCD was 4280 (238 average per year), a difference of 18% (n = 642; 36 average per year) by MCD analysis. The number of nonvenomous animal-encounter mentions increased 20% (from 2138 UCD to 2567 MCD), and the number of venomous animal-encounter mentions increased 14% (from 1500 UCD to 1713 MCD). Decedents aged ≥65 had the highest additional number of animal-encounter mentions among all age groups, primarily encounters with other reptiles (n = 113), other mammals (n = 71), and dogs (n = 42). Of 642 MCD additional animal-encounter mentions, heart disease (n = 211, 33%) and infections (n = 146, 23%) represented more than half of the UCD. Of 553 dog-encounter fatalities, 165 (30%) were among children aged ≤4.

Conclusions

Animal-encounter fatalities, analyzed by UCD alone, may be underreported. An initiating animal injury, complicated by comorbidities and fatality, may obscure the causal chain, resulting in misreporting UCD. Ongoing training for medical certifiers is recommended, highlighting accurate identification of UCD and contributing causes in the causal chain of death.
How the Spread of User-Generated Contents (UGC) Shapes International Tourism Distribution: Using Agent-Based Modeling to Inform Strategic UGC Marketing
Authors: Zhang Ye , Gao Jie , Cole Shu , Ricci Peter
Published: September 2020

While user-generated contents (UGC) are recognized as increasingly important to destination marketing, many DMOs are uncertain how to strategically manage them to their best advantage, largely due to their lack of understanding of mechanisms underlying the UGC effects. By integrating multiple theories of travel decision-making and UGC distribution, this study develops and validates an agent-based model to inform DMOs of potential causal mechanisms of how individual tourists’ UGC behavioral features shape international arrival distribution via the social media channels of review sites (RSs) and social networking sites (SNSs). Simulated experiments with the model decompose and assess the complex UGC behavioral effects, which further suggest context-based favorable UGC distribution statuses for DMOs’ strategic UGC marketing. The model developed following a rigid procedure offers a promising UGC research approach toward the combination of restrictive causal conceptualization and real-life replicability. It also provides an adaptive prototype for cost-effective UGC effect assessments by DMOs.
The Attack on Sovereignty: Liberalism and Democracy in Hayek, Foucault, and Lefort
Authors: Herzog Annabel
Published: September 2020

This essay examines and challenges some of the theoretical arguments of the neoliberal attack on the concept of popular sovereignty. I argue that in order to resist both the neoliberal reaction against popular power and the subsequent resurgence of populist rhetoric, we need to rework the concept of popular sovereignty. I focus on three groups of texts written in the early years of the neoliberal shift—namely, from the mid-1970s to early 1980s—which deal with the question of sovereignty: Hayek’s Law, Legislation and Liberty; Foucault’s works of the late 1970s; and Lefort’s reflections on the symbolic dimension of power. While Hayek and Foucault defend similar views on sovereignty and argue that it is or should be replaced by technics of management, Lefort proposes a de-essentialized conception of democracy based on redefining sovereignty as the possibility of continually refiguring the space of power.
Does Co-Production Lead to the Creation of Public Value? Balancing the Dimensions of Public Value Creation in Urban Mobility Planning
Authors: Jaspers Sylke , Steen Trui
Published: September 2020

Co-production is intended to co-create public value. This article analyzes how co-producers address the tensions that arise among the various dimensions of public value. The article builds on the theory of coping strategies to examine individuals’ coping behaviors. Two urban mobility planning cases are studied in depth. This study finds that co-producers experience various tensions between public value dimensions. Furthermore, co-producers cope with the tensions both according to balancing strategies and trade-off strategies, preferring one value dimension over the other. In addition, the empirical evidence provides examples of circumstances, such as communication, in which a balancing exercise is enhanced.
From scheduling to trans-programming
Authors: Bruun Hanne
Published: September 2020

Based on findings from a production study, this article explores and discusses the impact of streaming on television scheduling. Especially within public service television companies, scheduling for traditional linear television is currently transforming into what this article terms trans-programming. This development makes the work of the schedulers more important as well as more difficult than ever. The article argues that this development is a result of the integration of linear channels and non-linear services within the companies’ portfolios, which is leading to a merger between linear and non-linear promotion and distribution strategies for the content. A trans-programme is being produced, and this is becoming the key competitive tool in the current transformation of the television industry. The focus on the trans-programme involve organisational changes, but in train with this it actualises new and familiar issues and dilemmas in the production culture involving commissioning. These issues call for further research.
“For the Gram”: An Exploration of the Conflict between Influencers and Citizen-Consumers in the Public Lands Marketing System
Authors: Ray Chaudhury Sarita , Nafees Lubna , Perera B. Yasanthi
Published: September 2020

Capturing memories is integral to public lands visitors’ consumer experiences. Today, social media allows us to share photographs and videos in the public domain, whether it be for instant gratification, economic gain, or both. The phenomenon of sharing public lands digital imagery on social media has created tensions in the public lands marketing system (PLMS) between those wanting to preserve the outdoors and those seeking to monetize it. Using the Instagram account @publiclandshateyou as a case study site, this research utilizes an interpretive “thick data” visual analysis to examine how interlinked marketing systems (e.g., travel, tourism, outdoor recreation), which includes the social media marketing system (SMMS) contribute to this conflict in the PLMS. Findings indicate that citizen-consumer oriented practices, rooted in “sense of place,” attempt to bring change to the interlinked marketing systems.
Use of Critical Time Intervention (CTI) to Promote Continuity of Reintegration After Incarceration
Authors: Kim Dae-Young , Gayadeen S. Marlon
Published: September 2020

Critical time intervention (CTI) is a time-limited intervention originally designed to provide the continuity of support for homeless and mentally ill people released from an institution to community living. This study offers theoretical foundations for adopting CTI in the field of criminal justice. Through the lens of CTI, this study examines the needs of prisoners returning to the community, discusses the challenges faced by reentry practitioners in offering support and assistance to ex-prisoners in the community, and provides specific suggestions. This study uses focus groups and individual interviews to assess the needs, obstacles, and opportunities ex-prisoners have or face in the community, as perceived by returning prisoners and practitioners, which leads to a more in-depth understanding of the prisoner reentry process.
Disorientation as a Learning Objective: Applying Transformational Learning Theory in Participatory Action Pedagogy
Authors: Wilson Barbara Brown
Published: September 2020

As the field of planning stretches toward redressing the injustices of past land use patterns through reparative practices, student learning needs to include socio-emotional, as well as technical and intellectual, skill-building. Pedagogy should increase the planner’s ability to recognize systems of oppression and center lived expertise in decision-making processes. Transformational learning theory considers the mechanisms through which place-based learning expands student worldviews through exposure to other ways of knowing. Reflecting on a participatory action course through the analytical lens of transformational learning theory, this paper considers the pedagogical and ethical challenges and opportunities for planning education through collaborative action.
Positive Lifestyle Behavior Changes Among Canadian Men: Findings From the HAT TRICK Program
Authors: Caperchione Cristina M. , Bottorff Joan L. , Stolp Sean , Sharp Paul , Johnson Steven T. , Oliffe John L. , Hunt Kate
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

To estimate program effectiveness regarding physical activity (PA), diet, and social connectedness as part of a feasibility study.

Design:

Pre-post quasi-experimental.

Setting:

HAT TRICK was delivered in collaboration with a Canadian semi-professional ice hockey team and offered at the arena where they trained and played games.

Participants:

Participants (N = 62) at baseline were overweight (BMI >25kg/m2) and inactive (<150 minutes of MVPA/week) men age 35+ years.

Intervention:

Gender-sensitized 12-week intervention for men targeting PA, healthy eating and social connectedness.

Method:

Baseline, post-intervention (12 weeks) and 9-month follow-up self-report and accelerometer data were collected. Multi-level modeling assessed growth trajectories of outcome measures across time.

Results:

Accelerometer measured weekly/min. of moderate PA showed significant linear trends (95%CI: 42.9 – 175.3) from baseline (147.0 ± 104.6), 12-week (237.7 ± 135.5) and 9-month follow-up (204.89 ± 137.7) qualified with a quadratic trend. Self-reported weekly/min of moderate and vigorous PA showed significant linear trends (95%CI: 94.1, 264.1; 95%CI: 35.1, 109.6) from baseline (52.6 ± 83.8, 22.42 ± 44.9), 12 week (160.1 ± 157.4, 66.6 ± 74.4) and 9-month follow-up (118.6 ± 104.6, 52.2 ± 59.2) qualified with quadratic trends. DINE measured fat score rating showed linear trends over time (95%CI -14.24, -6.8), qualified with a quadratic trend. DINE fibre score and social connectedness showed no trends.

Conclusion:

Findings yield valuable information about the implementation of gender-sensitized lifestyle interventions for men and demonstrate the importance of male-specific strategies for reaching and engaging overweight, physically inactive men.
Safety of Nebulized Colistin Solution as Adjunctive Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Nadeem Komal , Raja Karan , Attalla Mark , Patel Mitesh , Philips Mona
Published: September 2020

Background

Systemic colistin is often utilized for management of drug resistant lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Nebulized administration of colistin allows direct instillation of active agent to maximize concentrations and limit systemic toxicities. Current literature supports efficacy of nebulized colistin as adjunctive treatment for LRTI. However, there is a paucity of data surrounding safety of this administration technique.

Methods

The electronic medical record (EMR) was queried to identify patients treated with nebulized colistin between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. The data collected from the EMR and hospital adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting systems included: demographics, dose, serum creatinine (SCr), concomitant nephrotoxins, infecting pathogen, treatment-emergent ADRs, and drug toxicities. The primary outcome was prevalence of renal, neurologic, or respiratory ADRs secondary to nebulized colistin.

Results

Thirty-two patients were administered nebulized colistin during the study period. Approximately 19% of patients had baseline chronic kidney disease. Cultures were positive in 29 patients of which 11 organisms were resistant to all tested antimicrobials. Three patients experienced acute kidney injury (AKI), 1 patient experienced a neurologic reaction, and 1 patient experienced a respiratory reaction, though none were considered treatment-related.

Conclusion

The results of our study signify localized administration of colistin results in a low incidence of systemic adverse events. Nebulized colistin is a safe adjunct for managing LRTI.
Case C-507/18 NH v Associazione Avvocatura per i diritti LGBTI – Rete Lenford: Homophobic speech and EU anti-discrimination law
Authors: Tryfonidou Alina
Published: September 2020

In the NH case – which can be characterised as a sequel to the Asociaţia Accept ruling delivered in 2013 – the Court of Justice of the European Union was confronted, once more, with an incident of homophobic speech. In this case, like in Asociaţia Accept, the Court was asked to interpret Directive 2000/78 and to examine the terms in which it can prohibit homophobic speech in the area of employment. Although the ruling in NH is not particularly ground-breaking given that it mostly affirms the principles established in Asociaţia Accept, it nonetheless offers useful clarifications. This note will, therefore, present the facts of the case and the Court’s ruling and will then explore its importance, while considering whether the Court has missed an opportunity to do more to protect lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons from homophobic speech in the area of employment.
Strange Days: Creating Flexible Pedagogies for Technical Communication
Authors: Johnson-Eilola Johndan , Selber Stuart A.
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic created major disruptions in technical communication classrooms everywhere. Although technical communication instructors are used to teaching in a variety of contexts and settings, adopting a flexible approach in the first place will allow them to be better prepared for the changing dynamics of an unpredictable world. The authors present an approach that constructs pedagogical scaffolding to emphasize outcomes, interactions, relationships, and projects. These interrelated aspects form a coherent vision that can support both pedagogical planning and real-time decision making in specific instructional situations.
Effects of random interval parameters on spur gear vibration
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2020

Gear driving devices are commonly used in mechanical transmission systems. Due to the inevitable random errors in manufacturing, installation, and operation, the dynamics of a gear transmission system will fluctuate randomly. To reveal the dynamic characteristics, an interval parameters dynamic model of a single-stage spur gear pair is established, in which the uncertainties of displacement excitation, load excitation, and stiffness excitation are included, and their formulations are derived in detail by using interval mathematics. The established interval parameters dynamic model is solved by combining the Chebyshev inclusion function method and the Runge–Kutta method. Finally, the influence of the random interval parameters of meshing stiffness, input torque, and transmission error as well as backlash on the vibration velocity interval and transmission reliability of the gear transmission system are studied. The analysis results show that the three types of excitations have different effects on the dynamic characteristics. To be specific, the effects of uncertain parameters on the dynamic characteristics can be ordered as meshing stiffness, input torque, backlash, and transmission error in sequence from the strongest to the weakest. The present study may serve as a sound theoretical basis and can provide references for the design and vibration control of spur gear transmission systems.
Diagnosis of Extrinsic Upper Esophageal Compression Utilizing Video Laryngoscopy in an Infant Following Failed Transesophageal Echocardiogram Probe Placement
Authors: Hubbard Richard Marshall , Santiago Gabrielle , Uppu Santosh , Roy Soham , Gautam Nischal
Published: September 2020

Anesthesiologists are frequently responsible for placement of transesophageal echocardiography probes prior to cardiac surgery in children. A number of potential complications are possible, including placement failure. This report documents one such failed attempt at probe placement in a 3-month-old patient with a history of ventricular septal defect, and the utilization of video laryngoscopy by the anesthesiologist to diagnose a previously unknown extrinsic esophageal compression likely caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery. This case highlights the multiple vascular anomalies that may act as a source of esophageal obstruction in children undergoing transesophageal echocardiography for cardiac surgery.
More is Not Better: The Emotional Dynamics of an Excellent Experience
Authors: Mitas Ondrej , Mitasova Helena , Millar Garrett , Boode Wilco , Neveu Vincent , Hover Moniek , van den Eijnden Frank , Bastiaansen Marcel
Published: September 2020

Emotions embody the value in tourism experiences and drive essential outcomes such as intent to recommend. Current models do not explain how the ebb and flow of emotional arousal during an experience relate to outcomes, however. We analyzed 15 participants’ experiences at the Vincentre museum and guided village tour in Nuenen, the Netherlands. This Vincent van Gogh-themed experience led to a wide range of intent to recommend and emotional arousal, measured as continuous phasic skin conductance, across participants and exhibits. Mixed-effects analyses modeled emotional arousal as a function of proximity to exhibits and intent to recommend. Experiences with the best outcomes featured moments of both high and low emotional arousal, not one continuous “high,” with more emotion during the middle of the experience. Tourist experience models should account for a complex relationship between emotions experienced and outcomes such as intent to recommend. Simply put, more emotion is not always better.
‘Seeing is believing’: Exploring the perspectives of young autistic children through Digital Stories
Authors: Parsons Sarah , Ivil Kathryn , Kovshoff Hanna , Karakosta Efstathia
Published: September 2020

Young autistic children are amongst the most scrutinised and assessed in their everyday lives, often leading to characterisations and descriptions that focus on their difficulties and challenges rather than on their abilities, strengths and positive experiences. Consequently, much discussion about autistic children tends to forget that they are children first. While research has considered the transitions of autistic children from primary to secondary school, and from secondary to post-compulsory contexts, there is almost no research focusing on transitions for young autistic children from nursery to primary schools. There is also very limited representation of their voices and experiences being explored, promoted, and valued directly as evidence in their own right. We aimed to address this gap through a project funded by the Froebel Trust and co-constructed with practitioners and families. The project used an innovative Digital Storytelling methodology to explore the experiences and perspectives of five 4-year-old autistic children, and their families, as the children prepared to make the transition from an inclusive day nursery to primary school. This paper provides an overview of the rationale, methodology, and findings of the project to address two related questions: How do we listen to those children who ‘have no words’?; and what do we learn from them when we do?
Solitary Confinement of Inmates Associated With Relapse Into Any Recidivism Including Violent Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luigi Mimosa , Dellazizzo Laura , Giguère Charles-Édouard , Goulet Marie-Hélène , Potvin Stéphane , Dumais Alexandre
Published: September 2020

Recidivism among released inmates is associated with a substantial societal burden given the financial and medical consequences of victimization. Among incarcerated North Americans, approximately 7% are housed in solitary confinement (SC). Studies show SC can lead to psychological deterioration and dispute it can effectively reduce institutional misconduct or recidivism. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the impact of SC on postrelease recidivism, which we hypothesized would increase following SC. A meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception until December 2019. Studies on adult inmates in correctional settings were included if they met an operational definition of SC, measured recidivism, and included a comparison group in general inmate population. Random-effect models were used to assess the impact of SC on multiple types of recidivism. Of the 2,713 identified records, 12 met inclusion criteria ( n = 194,078). A moderate association was found between SC and any recidivism (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [1.41, 1.97]), which persisted in controlled studies ( OR = 1.41). This association was replicated across types of recidivism comprising violence ( OR = 1.41), rearrests ( OR = 1.37), and reincarceration ( OR = 1.67). Moreover, a more recent exposure to SC increased recidivism risk ( OR = 2.02), and a dose–response relationship was found between days in SC and recidivism. The overall database presented high heterogeneity but no publication bias. Findings show a small to moderate association between SC and future crime/violence. Considering the societal costs associated with antisocial behaviors following SC, mental health and psychosocial programming facilitating inmates’ successful reentry into society should be implemented and rigorously evaluated in strong research design.
Influence of Race in the Deep End of the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Oglesby-Neal Ashlin , Peterson Bryce
Published: September 2020

Racial inequalities pervade U.S. justice systems and are the focus of a growing body of research. However, there are fewer studies on racial disparities in juvenile justice settings, particularly on decisions points at the “deep end” of the system after youth have been adjudicated delinquent. The current study examines racial disparities in length of stay, institutional misconduct, and community program placement for youth admitted to the Virginia juvenile justice system from 2012–2017. We find that black youth have significantly longer lengths of stay and more serious institutional misconduct than white youth. Controlling for legal and extralegal factors eliminates the disparity for length of stay, but it remains significant for serious institutional misconduct. In recent years, youth of all races are placed into community programs rather than traditional correctional centers at similar rates. Disparities for Hispanic youth and other races are difficult to distinguish because few are admitted to the system.
Hook Plate as a Treatment for Flexor Digitorum Profundus Avulsion Types II and III
Authors: Fa-Binefa Manel , Pérez-López Gonzalo , Almenara Marta , Lamas Claudia
Published: September 2020

Avulsion fracture types II and III of flexor digitorum profundus (FPD), also called Jersey Finger, in flexor zone 1 are an uncommon pathology requiring surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to assess whether hook miniplates were an accessible and reliable option to repair FDP avulsion types II and III. Between July and August 2018, we treated 2 consecutive patients’ zone 1 Leddy-Packer type II and III FDP injuries with hook plates and 1.2 × 7 mm screws included in Medartis Aptus Hand fixation system set. Patients were aged 37 and 39 years, a man and a woman, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, we evaluated the Visual Analog Scale, range of motion, grip strength, and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand. Both patients completed 12 months of follow-up with excellent functional and radiological results. Neither presented complications or residual disability. This injury has been treated with a wide range of surgical techniques, including anchor suture, pullout button sutures, screws, and plates. However, due to the difficulty in surgical fixation of fragments around finger joints, limited access to ligaments and tendons, and the lack of cases, none of the techniques have turned out as a clear option above others. Hook plates placed in distal phalanx emerge as surgical treatment for FDP avulsion types II and III in flexor zone 1, with excellent clinical outcomes.
A Dialogical Approach to Understand Perspectives of an Aboriginal Wellbeing Program: An Extension of Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action
Authors: Urquhart Lisa , Brown Leanne , Duncanson Kerith , Roberts Karen , Fisher Karin
Published: September 2020

This article will aim to demonstrate how we applied a collaborative dialogical research approach to understand perspectives of an Aboriginal wellbeing program by extending Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action to respect Australian Aboriginal ways of knowing, being and doing. This process aims to disrupt the colonizing discourse by bridging the disconnect between Indigenous decolonizing methods and Western knowledges, toward a dialogical, respectful, appropriate and reciprocally beneficial research project. We discuss how layers of reflexivity (self, interpersonal and collective) have a role in communicative relationality (trust and shared decision making). We propose cross-cultural communicative relationality is strengthened by three key researcher actions; inner listening, relational actions beyond discourse and collective knowledge, along with Habermas criteria for discerning the motivations of action (communicative vs strategic). This article provides researchers from a variety of disciplines a way to respectively research in the critical paradigm while considering Aboriginal ways toward building a relationship that is mutually beneficial.
Saccadic eye movements in dual tasking: No impairment of spatial planning, but delayed execution of saccades
Authors: Reimer Christina B , Tudge Luke , Schubert Torsten
Published: September 2020

In the target–distractor saccade task, a target and an irrelevant distractor are simultaneously presented and the task itself consists of a target-directed saccade. Findings usually show that as saccade latency increases, saccade trajectory deviation towards the distractor decreases. We presented this saccade task in two dual-task experiments to address the open question of whether performance of an auditory–manual task simply delays the temporal execution of a saccade, or whether it also interferes with the spatial planning of the saccade trajectory. We measured saccade latency, as a measure of a delay in execution, and saccade trajectory deviation, as a measure of the spatial planning. In Experiment 1, the auditory–manual task was a two-choice reaction time (two-CRT) task, and in Experiment 2, it was a go-no-go task. Performing the two tasks in close temporal succession shortly delayed the temporal execution of the saccade, but did not influence the spatial planning of the saccade trajectory. This result pattern was more pronounced when the auditory–manual task required the selection and execution of one of two possible manual responses (Experiment 1), less pronounced when the auditory–manual task required the decision to execute a button press (go condition, Experiment 2), and absent when the auditory–manual task required the decision to inhibit a button press (no-go condition, Experiment 2). Taken together, the manual response rather than the response selection process of the auditory–manual task led to a delay of saccade execution, but not to an impairment of the spatial planning of the saccade trajectory.
An Innovative Application of Composite-Based Structural Equation Modeling in Hospitality Research With Empirical Example
Authors: Manosuthi Noppadol , Lee Jin-Soo , Han Heesup
Published: September 2020

Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) are two key estimators derived from a full-fledged composite-based structural equation modeling (SEM). The analyses of PLS-PM and GSCA have been recently extended to mimic factor-based SEM, and the extended approaches are called PLSC and GSCAM, respectively. Simulation studies have confirmed that the relative performance of PLS-PM is comparable with that of GSCA. Similarly, GSCAM, PLSC, and the traditional factor-based SEM perform equally well in parameter recovery. Although composite-based SEM perfectly fits into the current research landscape that focuses on a prediction-oriented approach, empirical research in the hospitality context that uses PLS-PM, GSCA, PLSC, and GSCAM estimators is extremely rare. To encourage hospitality researchers to adopt these methodologies, we demonstrate an illustrative example using PLS-PM, GSCA, PLSC, and GSCAM based on the confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) procedure. Measurement and structural invariances, applications of model fit, PLSpredict, and importance-performance map analysis are incorporated into our example. Finally, practical management in the hospitality field based on this methodology is discussed.