bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sifilis congenita: el silencio de una epidemia
Authors: Velásquez Vásquez Carlos
Published: October 2023

Con la importancia que adquirió la lucha mundial contra el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, la sífilis congénita (SC) se ha mantenido como una epidemia silenciosa que ha estado incrementando los indicadores de mortalidad y morbilidad fetal/neonatal. Epidemiológicamente los mayores índices de SC se encuentran en países donde el sistema sanitario no es el más adecuado para la atención de la madre y el niño de allí que se hable que la tasa de SC es un indicador negativo de los sistemas de salud. Algunas condiciones, como la dificultad de su diagnóstico y los cambios de criterios para su determinación, no han permitido tener información confiable acerca de su impacto, aunque es evidente que países del tercer mundo sobre todo de África Subsahariana se ven más afectados por esta. La SC puede manifestarse en muerte fetal con aborto espontáneo después del primer trimestre de gestación, o natimuertos en un 30 a 40%; o puede culminar en el parto de un recién nacido prematuro con evidentes signos clínicos de infección; o nacer completamente asintomático. Su presentación clínica va a depender del grado de compromiso orgánico por la respuesta inmunológica al treponema desde la etapa fetal. La terapia de elección es la penicilina, pero la mejor forma de eliminarla es el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la sífilis materna durante el embarazo.
Abordagem breve para mudanças no estilo de vida na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Barroso Viviane , Souza Camila Hallack , Souza Christiane Fernanda Garcia , Foureaux Filomena Magda Fernandes , Oliveira Heloísa Magalhães de , Jorge Jussandra Araújo
Published: October 2023

Introdução: O estudo apresenta intervenção pautada na Psicologia Comportamental para o alcance de mudanças no estilo de vida, no âmbito da Atenção Primária. O cuidado em saúde pressupõe a responsabilidade ética de criar intervenções que contribuam para mudanças no estilo de vida, eficazes para geração de valor para pacientes e sistemas de saúde. Objetivo: Apresentar estratégia de abordagem breve para apoio à adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo descritivo, observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal de intervenção desenvolvida de outubro de 2022 a agosto de 2023. A abordagem possui três atendimentos pré-formatados, de 45 minutos, aproximadamente, conduzidos com flexibilidade e centralidade no paciente. A satisfação foi monitorada no decorrer do processo e após um e três meses. Resultados: Foram abordados 110 pacientes, homens e mulheres, com idade entre 21 e 76 anos, com ou sem problemas de saúde. Considerada a prontidão para a mudança, 37 (33,6%) seguiram no projeto. Dos 37 pacientes, 7 (19%) não completaram o processo. Os 30 (81%) que concluíram o processo alcançaram e mantiveram a mudança almejada após 30 dias da intervenção. Após 90 dias, 25 pacientes (83%) mantinham a mudança. 48% dos pacientes incorporaram, por conta própria, novos comportamentos saudáveis, além dos idealizados. Os pacientes referiram o valor da experiência para o autocuidado. A nota obtida por meio do Net Promoter Score (NPS), após 90 dias, foi 9,79. Conclusões: A abordagem breve foi capaz de gerar mudanças no estilo de vida, configurando-se como estratégia inovadora e personalizável, com potencial para imprimir qualidade ao cuidado e influenciar a relação profissional-paciente.
Strategies of Justification in Resolving Conflicts of Values and Interests. A Comparative Analysis of Constitutional Argumentation in Cases of Animal Sacrifice
Authors: Goźdź-Roszkowski Stanisław
Published: October 2023

Understood as reasons and rationale given by courts in rendering their decisions (DiMatteo 2015; Gudowski 2015), justification is of great importance when resolving morally sensitive issues. In such cases, judges are tasked with finding solutions to fundamental conflicts of incommensurable constitutional principles, which are inherently open-ended, general and in need of interpretation. Constitutional courts rely on different models of constitutional review depending on a given legal system and culture. However, their overarching goal is to consider ways of resolving conflicts and their justifications arising from a clash between constitutionally protected rights and interests and other values deemed worthy of protection by legislatures. The question addressed in this paper is how a constitutional court can resolve conflicts and communicate motives behind its decision in morally sensitive issues and how evaluative language is instrumental in achieving this strategic goal. Two cases are compared in which judges resolve a conflict between freedom to exercise religion and the animal welfare. In Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, the US Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of animal sacrifice for religious purposes. In Poland, the Constitutional Tribunal in its decision (K52/13) ruled for the admissibility of ritual slaughter. Adopting the methodology of Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS), this paper demonstrates that while the argumentation in the Polish decision is heavily axiological, with Polish judges using value-based language to engage in fundamental values and principles, the US Supreme Court judges avoid broad, abstract reasoning by resting the argumentation on low-level and medium-level principles (Sunstein 2018) translated into concrete rules and standards.
Writing History in a Supreme Court Ruling: Evaluative language in the majority opinion concerning Dobbs vs. Jackson
Authors: Shvanyukova Polina
Published: October 2023

This paper conducts an exploratory investigation into the use of evaluative language in the historical section of the majority opinion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 597 U.S. (2022). The investigation employs Martin & White’s (2005) Appraisal Theory, adapted specifically for the analysis of the particular evaluative features of historical discourse as elaborated on, for example, by Myskow (2018a) and Oteíza & Pinuer (2013). The findings confirm that a revised version of the Appraisal framework can be fruitfully applied to systematically account for the complex interplay between, on the one hand, the various sources of evaluation, and, on the other hand, the specific attitudinal resources, employed by the authorial voice in an attempt to construe and advance a particular view of the past. This particular ideological view is ultimately leveraged to produce a convincing justificatory argument for the overruling of the two previous landmark Supreme Court decisions that had, respectively, granted and confirmed abortion as a constitutional right in the United States of America.
On shifting the principal eigenvalue of Dirichlet problem to infinity with non-transversal incompressible drift
Authors: Athmouni Nassim , Damak Mondher , Franke Brice , Yaakoubi Nejib
Published: October 2023

We prove that it is always possible to add some divergence free drift vector field to some two dimensional spherical Dirichlet problem, such that the resulting principal eigenvalue lies above a prescribed bound. By construction those drift vector fields vanish on the boundary and their flow lines individually stay away from the boundary. The capacity of those drift vector fields to accelerate diffusivity originates from high frequency oscillation of the associated flow lines. The lower bounds for the spectrum are obtained through isoperimetric inequalities for flow invariant functions.
Finitely presented isomorphisms of Cuntz-Krieger algebras and continuous orbit equivalence of one-sided topological Markov shifts
Authors: Matsumoto Kengo
Published: October 2023

We introduce the notion of finitely presented isomorphism between Cuntz–Krieger algebras, and of finitely presented isomorphic Cuntz–Krieger algebras. We prove that there exists a finitely presented isomorphism between Cuntz–Krieger algebras $\mathcal{O}_A$ and $\mathcal{O}_B$ if and only if their one-sided topological Markov shifts $(X_A,\sigma_A)$ and $(X_B,\sigma_B)$ are continuously orbit equivalent. Hence the value $\det (I-A)$ is a complete invariant for the existence of a finitely presented isomorphism between isomorphic Cuntz–Krieger algebras, so that there exists a pair of Cuntz–Krieger algebras which are isomorphic but not finitely presented isomorphic.
Den sande helt i Lykke-Per er Jakobe
Authors: Munk Rösing Lilian
Published: October 2023

AbstractPer Sidenius, obviously, is the protagonist of Lykke-Per (A Fortunate Man), Henrik Pontoppidan’s novel. The heroine of the novel is, no doubt, Jakobe, the Jewish lady Per is engaged to. In this article, Lilian Munk Rösing, focuses on the erotic attraction between the main characters of the novel. Jakobe is, at the same time, attracted and repelled by the brute, “butcher-like” Per. Per, on his side, is fascinated by the Jewish lady of the world. Munk Rösing argues that his complex character exposes Per as “empty”, where as her complex character makes Jakobe the attractive object of love, not easily grasped and simplified.
Morgendug og #MeToo
Authors: Gunder Hansen Nils
Published: October 2023

AbstractMorgendug (Morning Dew), one of Henrik Pontoppidan’s early works, is a tale taking place in seemingly realistic set-up but actually containing an important and fascinating “mythical” element. In his article, Nils Gunder Hansen sets out to identify the “anti-romantic powers” on display in the short tale, focusing on the short spells where one of two young men going to market is invited inside a farmer’s house, clearly enchanted by one of the daugthers of the house. Pontoppidan paraphrases a romantic theme of enchantment, suspending time, without clearly specifying the consequences of the event.
Ilgtspējīga vides inženierijas izglītības attīstība
Authors:   , Kalnbaļķīte Antra
Published: October 2023

Promocijas darbā ar sešu dažādu matemātisko instrumentu – daudzkritēriju lēmumu analīzes, studiju programmu vērtēšanas, veiktspējas, bibliometriskās, sistēmdinamikas, kvalitatīvās pētniecības – palīdzību izstrādāti, analizēti un aprobēti septiņi moduļi, ar kuriem vērtēt vides inženierijas izglītības ilgtspējīgas attīstības potenciālu un iespējas: 1) ranžēšanas modulis; 2) inovatīvs studiju procesa modulis; 3) koprades īstenošanas modulis; 4) uzvedības modulis; 5) diplomātisko attiecību modulis; 6) tālmācības modulis; 7) zinātniskās inovācijas pārneses modulis.
International reserve assets diversification using the euro as one of the "poles" in the polycentric model of the global monetary and financial system
Authors: Ozarnov Ruslan
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the structure and direction of foreign reserve assets diversification using the euro as one of the "poles" in the polycentric model of the global monetary and financial system under contemporary geopolitical conditions. Diversification of international reserve assets is an important part of financial and economic policy, it allows to reduce the risks associated with reserves and manage volatility, including that of the financial market and foreign exchange as a financial sector, since the information about the international reserves composition influences the economic agents, operating in the financial market. The author dwells upon various approaches to the diversification of reserves depending on short-, medium-, and long-term goals, passive diversification and stabilizing one. The analyzing of the SDR currency basket and using various currencies in over-the-counter has been carried out. As research methods, the author uses general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphical interpretation, and analysis of statistical information and time series. The novelty of the article lies in the development of proposals for the diversification of international reserve assets aimed at transforming the global monetary and financial system towards polycentrism and reducing the imbalance of power between Russia and the European Union. It is advisable to take into account the results of the study when implementing financial and economic policies both at the state and corporate levels.
Situating the Jungle-village in Leonard Woolf’s The Village in the Jungle (1913)
Authors: Perera Vihanga
Published: October 2023

This paper addresses a gap in literary research in the scholarship on Leonard Woolf’s The Village in the Jungle: a lack of demonstrated understanding on the part of major critics as to what constitutes a village-jungle in the early-20th-century Ceylonese context and, as a result, misunderstanding of the novel’s main characters and events. By drawing on comparative and indigenous sources by writers like R.L. Spittel and Mayaran- jan, the paper calls attention to narratives on forest-life as representing a sensibility that is experientially derived; this – in contrast to the claims of Woolf’s critics – brings on a sensibility that lies beyond simplistic claims to “orientalism” and endorsement of colonial views. The discussion centrally draws on the significance of comparative local sources in framing insights to forest life in Ceylon, as the absence of such comparisons hinders the understanding of a novel like The Village in the Jungle to the point of producing readings that prove incomplete and even misleading.
Plural Identity and Migrant Communities in Guy Gunaratne’s In Our Mad and Furious City (2018)
Authors: Pereira Martins Margarida
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the complexity of plural identities of the characters living within the sociocultural space of a London community, who define themselves as being from “here” and “elsewhere,” in Guy Gunaratne’s In Our Mad and Furious City (2018). First-generation and second-generation migrants, originally from Ireland, Pakistan, Ja- maica, as well as other nations referred to in the novel, give life to the community at the Ends, a housing estate in Northwest London. On the one hand, in this suburban space, fury, neglect and powerlessness are deeply felt by the locals. However, the community also becomes the location for the creation of social habits, cultural patterns, forms of ex- pression and group unity through the interaction and shared experiences of the locals. This dichotomy reveals underlying anxieties that raise questions about otherness, marginalisa- tion and belonging, and how these aspects intersect in the construction of cultural identity. As characters struggle for meaning against a “cancel culture,” their individual experiences are what constitutes their plural and fluid identities.
Cryo-EM structure of the CBC-ALYREF complex
Authors: Clarke Bradley P. , Angelos Alexia E. , Mei Menghan , Hill Pate S. , Xie Yihu , Ren Yi
Published: October 2023

In eukaryotes, RNAs transcribed by RNA Pol II are modified at the 5’ end with a 7-methylguanosine (m
7
G) cap, which is recognized by the nuclear cap binding complex (CBC). The CBC plays multiple important roles in mRNA metabolism including transcription, splicing, polyadenylation and export. It promotes mRNA export through direct interaction with ALYREF, which in turn links the TRanscription and EXport (TREX) complex to the 5’ end of mRNA. However, the molecular mechanism for CBC mediated recruitment of the mRNA export machinery is not well understood. Here, we present the first structure of the CBC in complex with a mRNA export factor, ALYREF. The cryo-EM structure of CBC-ALYREF reveals that the RRM domain of ALYREF makes direct contacts with both the NCBP1 and NCBP2 subunits of the CBC. Comparison of CBC-ALYREF to other CBC and ALYREF containing cellular complexes provides insights into the coordinated events during mRNA transcription, splicing, and export.
Praksisveilederes erfaring med lokale læreplaner for sykepleierstudenter
Authors: Christiansen Bjørg , Blomberg Karin , Lindeflaten Katrin , Holm Larsen Monica , Averlid Gertrud , Salinas Deborah , Hessevaagbakke Elisabeth
Published: October 2023

Flere studier har vist at praksisveiledere i sykepleierutdanningen opplever utdanningens læringsutbyttebeskrivelser som lite konkrete. Det ble derfor iverksatt et FoU-relatert samarbeidsprosjekt inndelt i to deler. Del 1 innebar utvikling av lokale læreplaner i samarbeid med praksisveiledere. Del 2 innebar en systematisk evalueringsstudie med fokus på bruken av lokale læreplaner. Hensikten var å undersøke hvilken betydning lokale læreplaner har som redskap for tydeliggjøring av læringsutbytter i praksisstudier. Forskningsspørsmål: Hvordan erfarer praksisveiledere bruken av lokale læreplaner? Studien er kvalitativ med et utforskende og beskrivende design basert på fire fokusgruppeintervju med praksisveiledere fra ulike nivå i bachelorutdanningen i sykepleie. Analyseprosessen tok utgangspunkt i tematisk innholdsanalyse, som resulterte i tre hovedtema: 1.Varierende erfaringer med implementering av lokal læreplan, 2.Tydeliggjør aktuelle læresituasjoner. 3.Varierende bruk i vurderingssituasjoner. Studien konkluderer med at praksisveilederne erfarte beskrivelsen av læresituasjoner som relevante og gjenkjennbare i forhold til eget praksissted, og at planen var et godt redskap i prosessvurderingen av studentene.
Synthesis of Mg-Doped CuO Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Congo Red Dye from Wastewater: Adsorption Study
Authors: Abbas Haider , Tahir Mumeeza , Qayyum Wajeeha , Tariq Sumbal , Munawar Tayyaba , Ismaeel Muhammad , Alshehri Reem F. , Kausar Zaiba
Published: October 2023

Water contamination from a variety of sources has made it increasingly difficult to contact clean drinking water. The release of effluents into water bodies is a serious environmental problem. This study presents the synthesis of magnesium-doped copper oxide (Mg-CuO) nanoparticles as a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of Congo Red dye from aqueous solutions. Mg-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile and cost-effective co-precipitation method and characterized using various techniques. The adsorption capacity of Mg-CuO nanoparticles for Congo Red dye was systematically investigated, revealing outstanding adsorption efficiency. Equilibrium adsorption data were well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption behavior, while the Freundlich Isotherm model described the adsorption behavior accurately. The influence of various experimental parameters, including initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, on the adsorption process was studied in detail. Optimal conditions (pH=6, concentration=50ppm, contact time=120minutes) for maximal adsorption efficiency were determined. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis specified that the adsorption of Congo Red onto Mg-CuO nanoparticles was spontaneous and endothermic. The exceptional adsorption performance of Mg-CuO nanoparticles, attributed to the synergistic effect of magnesium doping and high surface area, highlights their potential as an eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Congo Red dye from wastewater. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable materials for environmental remediation and underscores the importance of exploring nanomaterials for water purification applications.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Biofilm-producing Escherichia coli Strains from Water Sources Around Major Slum in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria
Authors: Kpormon L. B.  , Ogbonna, D. N.  , Wemedo, S. A.  , Williams, J. O.  , Douglas I. S.
Published: October 2023

Slum is characterized by uncontrollable development around urban areas, with huge settlements from migrants from the rural areas for greener pastures. This situation is associated with increasing environmental problems predisposing the inhabitants to public health problems. This study was therefore aimed to assess the prevalence and resistance patterns of biofilm-producing E. coli strains in water sources around major slums in Port Harcourt city. A total of three hundred and sixty water samples including surface water (120), Borehole water (120) and well water (120) samples were collected from five different slums namely: Bundu, Egede, Enugu, Ibadan and Etche watersides over a period of twelve months. The water samples were processed and screened for the presence of E.  coli using standard microbiological techniques.  The isolates were subjected to biofilm production assays and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results revealed that out of the 360 water samples, 291 (80.8%) were positive for Escherichia coli across the three water sources; 120 (100%) for surface water, 98(81%) for well water and 73(60%) for borehole water. Further analysis revealed that out of the 291 Escherichia coli isolates from the three water sources, 180(62%) were positive for biofilm production, 90(31%) showed moderate biofilm production while 21(7%) were non- biofilm producing strains. The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the biofilm-producing E. coli exhibited high levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including Augmentine, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, and Cloxacillin. The percentage resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from water sources in Bundu, Egede, Enugu, Etche and Ibadan watersides, were 100% resistant to Ceftazidime (CAZ) and Cefuroxime (CRX) respectively. For Cloxacillin (CXM), Escherichia coli showed resistance for Enugu and Ibadan (82.5%), Etche and Egede (79.2%) and Bundu (66%). Whereas Escherichia coli isolated from Bundu, Enugu, and Ibadan watersides were 100% while those isolated from Egede, and Etche were 75% resistant to Augmentin. On the other hand, Escherichia coli from Etche and Egede watersides were both 8.3 and 15% resistant to Gentamycin. However, Escherichia coli was 100% susceptible to Nitrofurantoin, Ofloxacin and Ceftriaxone across the five slums. E. coli strains are usually described as indicator organisms which indicate faecal pollution.  The high prevalence of biofilm-producing E. coli and their resistance to multiple antibiotics suggest that the inhabitants are highly predisposed to the risk of water related and water-borne diseases and therefore need urgent intervention strategies to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in these areas.
Unveiling the Proximate Composition of Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Rice Bran
Authors: Avinash Gosangi , Sharma Neerja
Published: October 2023

This present study aimed to evaluate the proximate composition of pigmented and non-pigmented rice. We have evaluated the proximate components of 16 rice bran genotypes, 9 pigmented rice bran, and 7 NP rice bran, grown and cultivated in the research fields. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude fat, crude proteins, crude fiber) were determined using proximate analysis methods. Raising awareness regarding rice's bran nutritional quality and health benefits is important. The results shown that black rice genotypes exhibited high range of almost all the parameters. Crude protein in black rice genotypes, ranged from 18.02-21.01%,crude fat content in black rice genotypes, ranged from 19.83-21.73% and ash content in the black rice genotypes, ranged from 14.08-16.80%, ash in black rice genotypes, ranged from 11.28-12.35%, crude fibre The result exhibited a significant difference in the content of proximate composition The study concludes that the significant distinctiveness and difference in nutritional and is use full in rice bran products. The results suggest that the black rice genotypes have better nutrition as compared to NP rice genotypes. The results showed great variations in each parameter among different rice bran varieties.
Chemical Status of Different Agro-Ecological Units of Kerala: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Adilakshmi K.  , Aparna B.  , Rani B.  , Gladis R.  , Leno Naveen , Thomas Usha C.
Published: October 2023

A study was carried out in selected panchayats/municipalities of the four agro-ecological units (AEUs), AEU 8 (Southern laterites), AEU 9 (South central laterites), AEU 10 (North central laterites), and AEU 11 (Northern laterites) of Kerala to assess the electrochemical properties such as pH and electrical conductivity (EC) and chemical properties like available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) by following one-way ANOVA. The main objective of the study was to document the soil fertility status of the study area. The perusal of the data revealed that most of the collected soils were strongly acidic and moderately acidic in nature, with the lowest mean value of 5.42 pH being noticed in south central laterites (AEU 9), whereas the highest mean value of 6.21 recorded in northern laterites (AEU 11). The mean values of EC of the four AEUs varied from 0.03 to 0.10 dS m-1 and were found to be within the critical limit. Regarding N, the mean values varied from 219.97 to 259.88 kg ha-1. The available P was high in 96% of the soil samples tested. It was noticed that 83% of samples were under the medium category for available K. Liming the soil to correct its acidity could enhance microbial activity, which in turn could improve the utilisation of N fertilisers that are applied. Furthermore, balanced fertilisation will boost soil health, increase nutrient use efficiency, and enhance the productivity of the study area.
Performance-Emission Analysis of a CI Engine Operating on D95 Diesel-n-Butanol Mixtures: An Experimental and Simulation Approach
Authors: Agboneni, O.  , Adekunle, S. O.  , Ejilah, I. R.
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study aims to analyze the impact of diesel-n-butanol fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a 4-stroke diesel engine, with an emphasis on assessing the efficiency and emissions improvements of the D95 blend through experimentation and simulation procedures.

Study Design: Performance evaluation was conducted in compliance with SAE J1349 test standards, using a Tec-Quipment TD110-115 4-stroke engine running at 1500 rpm. The GT-Power simulation toolkit was also employed to analyze different loads, using the D95 diesel-n-butanol blend and conventional diesel fuel.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a span of 2 months at the Automotive Engineering Technology Workshop, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria.

Methodology: The study followed the SAE J1349 test protocol, utilizing a D95 diesel-n-butanol blend and conventional diesel fuel. Engine setup, performance, and emissions were assessed through experimental procedures and GT-Power simulations. Despite its lower calorific value, the D95 blend exhibited performance comparable to that of diesel fuel.

Results: The combined findings from both experimental and simulation analyses provided insights into the effects of n-butanol-diesel blends on engine attributes, combustion, and emissions. However, simulated torque and brake power consistently exceeded experimental values as the engine load increased. While the D95 blend exhibited brake power comparable to that of diesel fuel, it also improved performance efficiency, fuel economy, and reduced emissions. Therefore, it is expected to promote sustainability and environmentally friendly fuel choices in the transportation sector.

Conclusion: The synergy of experimental and simulation results offers valuable insights into the effects of the diesel-n-butanol blend on engine performance, emissions, and fuel efficiency, while also improving the power output potential and providing sustainable fuel options.
Knowing the Unknown: A Review on Nanotechnology in Orthodontics
Authors: Ali Fathima S.  , Abiraj K. R.  , Pratheesh A. P.  , Mohan Sonu M. , Krishna A. S.  , Dynamol S.
Published: October 2023

Nanotechnology is the structuring and manipulation of matter at nanoscale for the creation of new particles and devices. The applications of nanotechnology are being explored in various arenas including health care. The use of this technology aims to improvise the quality of health care being rendered to the patients. Nanotechnology has paved its way into various specialties of dentistry including orthodontics. The goal of these innovations and research in this field is to improve human life and health. The merging of nanotechnology with orthodontics helps the clinicians to a great extent in improving the quality of patient care and its applications. This article aims to summarize and describe the most recent advancements and well-known nanotechnological innovations in the field of orthodontics and the use of new nanomaterials, nano devices, nano LIPUS, nano particles and nano sensors incorporation of the same to the arsenal of Orthodontics.
Green Peace
Authors: Durso Samuel C.
Published: October 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a geriatrician finds synchronicity with medicine and gardening, an activity that calms his mind, stretches his limbs, and gives him insight.
Achieving the Potential of Naloxone Saturation by Measuring Distribution
Authors: Sugarman Olivia K. , Hulsey Eric G. , Heller Daliah
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint advocates for improved strategies to measure naloxone distribution and evaluate how effectively naloxone reaches people most likely to experience or witness an opioid overdose.
Telework Arrangements and Physician Burnout in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Leung Lucinda B. , Yoo Caroline K. , Rose Danielle E. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Stockdale Susan E. , Apaydin Eric A.
Published: October 2023

This survey study of physicians in the Veterans Health Administration examines the association of burnout with various telework arrangements.
GM1 ganglioside exerts protective effects against glutamate‐excitotoxicity via its oligosaccharide in wild‐type and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons
Authors: Lunghi Giulia , Di Biase Erika , Carsana Emma Veronica , Henriques Alexandre , Callizot Noelle , Mauri Laura , Ciampa Maria Grazia , Mari Luigi , Loberto Nicoletta , Aureli Massimo , Sonnino Sandro , Spedding Michael , Chiricozzi Elena , Fazzari Maria
Published: October 2023

Alterations in glycosphingolipid metabolism have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Accordingly, administration of GM1, a sialic acid‐containing glycosphingolipid, is protective against neuronal damage and supports neuronal homeostasis, with these effects mediated by its bioactive component, the oligosaccharide head (GM1‐OS). Here, we add new evidence to the therapeutic efficacy of GM1 in ALS: Its administration to WT and SOD1G93A motor neurons affected by glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity significantly increased neuronal survival and preserved neurite networks, counteracting intracellular protein accumulation and mitochondria impairment. Importantly, the GM1‐OS faithfully replicates GM1 activity, emphasizing that even in ALS the protective function of GM1 strictly depends on its pentasaccharide.
2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Humphrey Mary Beth , Russell Linda , Danila Maria I. , Fink Howard A. , Guyatt Gordon , Cannon Michael , Caplan Liron , Gore Sara , Grossman Jennifer , Hansen Karen E. , Lane Nancy E. , Ma Nina S. , Magrey Marina , McAlindon Tim , Robinson Angela Byun , Saha Sumona , Womack Charles , Abdulhadi Basma , Charles Julia F. , Cheah Jonathan T. L. , Chou Sharon , Goyal Itivrita , Haseltine Katherine , Jackson Lesley , Mirza Reza , Moledina Iram , Punni Emma , Rinden Tim , Turgunbaev Marat , Wysham Katherine , Turner Amy S. , Uhl Stacey
Published: October 2023

Objective

The objective is to update recommendations for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) for patients with rheumatic or nonrheumatic conditions receiving >3 months treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) ≥2.5 mg daily.

Methods

An updated systematic literature review was performed for clinical questions on nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic treatments, discontinuation of medications, and sequential therapy. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence. A Voting Panel achieved ≥70% consensus on the direction (for or against) and strength (strong or conditional) of recommendations.

Results

For adults beginning or continuing >3 months of GC treatment, we strongly recommend as soon as possible after initiation of GCs, initial assessment of fracture risks with clinical fracture assessment, bone mineral density with vertebral fracture assessment or spinal x‐ray, and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool if ≥40 years old. For adults at medium, high, or very high fracture risk, we strongly recommend pharmacologic treatment. Choice of oral or intravenous bisphosphonates, denosumab, or parathyroid hormone analogs should be made by shared decision‐making. Anabolic agents are conditionally recommended as initial therapy for those with high and very high fracture risk. Recommendations are made for special populations, including children, people with organ transplants, people who may become pregnant, and people receiving very high‐dose GC treatment. New recommendations for both discontinuation of osteoporosis therapy and sequential therapies are included.

Conclusion

This guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients making treatment decisions for management of GIOP. These recommendations should not be used to limit or deny access to therapies.
In Situ Atomic‐Scale Evidence of Unconventional Plastic Behavior at The Crack Tip in AuCu Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Chengpeng , Fu Libo , Ma Yan , Wang Zhanxin , Li Dongwei , Shao Ruiwen , Wu Ziqi , Zhang Ze , Zhai Yadi , Li Ang , Wang Lihua , Han Xiaodong
Published: October 2023

Understanding the plastic behavior of crack tips is crucial for improving the fracture toughness of nanometals. Although many studies are carried out, most previous studies focus on pure metals, and how the crack tip accommodates the plastic deformation of highly concentrated solid‐solution alloys is unclear owing to a lack of direct atomic‐scale evidence. In this study, the atomic‐scale plastic behavior of the crack tip in face‐centered cubic (FCC) AuCu alloy nanocrystals is observed in situ, which provides direct evidence that plastic deformation is governed by the generation of deformation twins and hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) 2H and 4H phases, recurrence of reversible FCC‐HCP phase transitions, and detwinning, which are rarely observed in pure metals. This unusual behavior originates from the inherent chemical inhomogeneity of the AuCu alloy, which inhibits twin thickening via partial dislocations on the adjacent plane, instead of random generation of deformation twins, phase transitions, and reversible processes. This naturally implies a similar behavior at the crack tip in other highly concentrated solid‐solution alloys, including high‐medium‐entropy alloys, providing important insights that greatly improve the understanding of the fracture toughness of metallic materials.
Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite Materials and Optoelectronic Devices: Progress and Prospective
Authors: López‐Fernández Iago , Valli Donato , Wang Chun‐Yun , Samanta Subarna , Okamoto Takuya , Huang Yi‐Teng , Sun Kun , Liu Yang , Chirvony Vladimir S. , Patra Avijit , Zito Juliette , De Trizio Luca , Gaur Deepika , Sun Hong‐Tao , Xia Zhiguo , Li Xiaoming , Zeng Haibo , Mora‐Seró Iván , Pradhan Narayan , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Biju Vasudevanpillai , Debnath Tushar , Saliba Michael , Debroye Elke , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Infante Ivan , Manna Liberato , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana
Published: October 2023

Halide perovskites, in the form of thin films and colloidal nanocrystals, have recently taken semiconductor optoelectronics research by storm, and have emerged as promising candidates for high‐performance solar cells, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, photodetectors, and radiation detectors. The impressive optical and optoelectronic properties, along with the rapid increase in efficiencies of solar cells and LEDs, have greatly attracted researchers across many disciplines. However, most advances made so far in terms of preparation (colloidal nanocrystals and thin films), and the devices with highest efficiencies are based on Pb‐based halide perovskites, which have raised concerns over their commercialization due to the toxicity of Pb. This has triggered the search for lower‐toxicity Pb‐free halide perovskites and has led to significant progress in the last few years. In this roadmap review, researchers of different expertise have joined together to summarize the latest progress, outstanding challenges, and future directions of Pb‐free halide perovskite thin films and nanocrystals, regarding their synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and optoelectronic devices, to guide the researchers currently working in this area as well as those that will join the field in the future.
Thermally‐Induced Degradation in PM6:Y6‐Based Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Alam Shahidul , Aldosari Haya , Petoukhoff Christopher E. , Váry Tomáš , Althobaiti Wejdan , Alqurashi Maryam , Tang Hua , Khan Jafar I. , Nádaždy Vojtech , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Welch Gregory C. , Laquai Frédéric
Published: October 2023

Thermally induced degradation of organic photovoltaic devices hinders the commercialization of this emerging PV technology. Thus, a precise understanding of the origin of thermal device instability, as well as identifying strategies to circumvent degradation is of utmost importance. Here, it investigates thermally‐induced degradation of state‐of‐the‐art PBDB‐T‐2F (PM6):BTP (Y6) bulk heterojunction solar cells at different temperatures and reveal changes of their optical properties, photophysics, and morphology. The open‐circuit voltage and fill factor of thermally degraded devices are limited by dissociation and charge collection efficiency differences, while the short‐circuit current density is only slightly affected. Energy‐resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal that thermally degraded samples exhibit a higher energy barrier for the charge‐transfer state to charge‐separated state conversion. Furthermore, the field dependence of charge generation, recombination, and extraction are studied by time‐delayed collection field and transient photocurrent and photovoltage experiments, indicating significant bimolecular recombination limits device performance. Finally, coupled optical‐electrical device simulations are conducted to fit the devices’ current‐voltage characteristics, enabling us to find useful correlations between optical and electrical properties of the active layers and device performance parameters.
Defect Passivation Efficacy of 2D Perovskite Interlayer for Perovskite Sky‐Blue Emission Toward High Device Efficiency
Authors: Wang Zongpu , Peng Xuefeng , Chen Wei , Su Zhenhuang , Wang Yafei , Diao Zecheng , Qin Chaochao , Niu Lianbin , Gao Xingyu , Yang Xiaohui
Published: October 2023

The deviated crystallization kinetics of solution‐processed perovskite layers caused by the bottom interface is a barrier to comprehensively suppressing the defect formation and further to efficaciously improve the film quality and device performance. Herein, it is reported that the incorporation of a PEA2PbBr4 interlayer can effectively modify the crystallization process of the quasi‐2D mixed‐halide perovskite layers, resulting in enhanced Lewis acid‐base interaction and improved film homogeneity, which contributes to the strong defect passivation efficacy toward efficient sky‐blue emission. As a result, the devices with the bottom‐interface modification show a maximum external quantum efficiency of 14.2%, impressively an outstanding power efficiency of 17.0 lm W−1, and an external quantum efficiency of 12.3% at 1000 cd m−2. This work provides an insight into crystallization kinetics for defect suppression of the perovskite layer and further highlights the defect passivation efficacy of 2D perovskite‐based bottom‐interface modification toward high‐efficiency sky blue‐emitting diodes.
Customizing Highly Asymmetrical Coordination Microenvironment into P‐Block Metal Single‐Atom Sites to Boost Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhou Sheng‐Hua , Wei Wenbo , Cai Xu , Ma Dong‐Dong , Wang San‐Mei , Li Xiaofang , Zhu Qi‐Long
Published: October 2023

The coordination microenvironment modulation of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) based on p‐block metals holds promise for excavating their enormous potential in electrochemical CO2‐to CO conversion. Guided by the instructive theoretical calculations over serial asymmetric coordination microenvironments, herein, a novel Pb SAC with highly asymmetric coordination microenvironment (Pb‐N2SV) is developed. Namely, the Pb atom is coordinated with two N atoms, one S atom and one vacancy nearby. With the breaking of coordination symmetry, the obtained Pb‐N2SV shows excellent ECR performance with 97.3% Faradaic efficiency of CO at −0.47 V, and long‐term stability of 33 h, which exceeds the vast majority of main‐group SACs. More importantly, in situ spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) studies unveil that the S doping in Pb SAC can significantly improve electron localization around Pb sites to facilitate *COOH intermediate adsorption, while the introduction of vacancy defect nearby the Pb sites can function as a synergistic modulation on the electronic structure for favorable *CO intermediate desorption, which jointly contributes to achieve the suitable adsorption energy for reaction intermediates to boost the ECR process. As an expandability, this approach will be widely used to construct SACs with unique coordination microenvironment for other challenging catalysis.
Multifunctional Electrolyte toward Long‐Life Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Synchronous Regulation of Solvation, Cathode and Anode Interfaces
Authors: Xie Bin , Hu Qiang , Liao Xiangyue , Zhang Xiaoqin , Lang Haoran , Zhao Ruyi , Zheng Qiaoji , Huo Yu , Zhao Jingxin , Lin Dunmin , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: October 2023

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are threatened by the cathode dissolution and anode corrosion/dendrites, resulting in poor reversibility. Here, a multifunctional electrolyte is developed to regulate the cathode, anode interface, and solvation by introducing a low‐cost diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DGME). The DGME can modulate the primary solvation sheath (PSS) of the hydrated Zn2+ and destroy the original hydrogen bond network of water, while the electric double layer (EDL) interface is reconstructed by the adsorption of DGME, which guides the uniform deposition of Zn2+ on the (002) crystal plane. Simultaneously, the DGME also effectively inhibits the dissolution of VO2 and enhances the reaction kinetics. As a proof of concept, the Zn//Cu cells deliver 2000 cycles with an ultrahigh coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.6%. Additionally, the multifunctional electrolyte significantly improves the multiple performance of Zn//VO2 full cells. The low‐cost and multifunctional electrolyte can be readily applied to ZIBs, demonstrating its practical versatility.
Room‐Temperature van der Waals Ferromagnet Switching by Spin‐Orbit Torques
Authors: Li Weihao , Zhu Wenkai , Zhang Gaojie , Wu Hao , Zhu Shouguo , Li Runze , Zhang Enze , Zhang Xiaomin , Deng Yongcheng , Zhang Jing , Zhao Lixia , Chang Haixin , Wang Kaiyou
Published: October 2023

The emerging wide varieties of the van der Waals (vdW) magnets with atomically thin and smooth interfaces hold great promise for next‐generation spintronic devices. However, due to the lower Curie temperature of the vdW ferromagnets than room temperature, electrically manipulating its magnetization at room temperature has not been realized. In this work, it is demonstrated that the perpendicular magnetization of the vdW ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 can be effectively switched at room temperature in the Fe3GaTe2/Pt bilayer by spin–orbit torques (SOTs) with a relatively low current density of 1.3 × 107A cm−2. Moreover, the high SOT efficiency of ξDL ≈ 0.28 is quantitatively determined by harmonic measurements, which is higher than those in Pt‐based heavy metal/conventional ferromagnet devices. The findings of room‐temperature vdW ferromagnet switching by SOTs provide a significant basis for the development of vdW‐ferromagnet‐based spintronic applications.
A General and Convenient Peptide Self‐Assembling Mechanism for Developing Supramolecular Versatile Nanomaterials Based on The Biosynthetic Hybrid Amyloid‐Resilin Protein
Authors: Wu Junjun , Zhou Lin , Peng Hu , Wang Zhaojun , Wang Zhaoshi , Keasling Jay D , Liu Shike , Zhou Guanghong , Ding Shijie , Wang Qiong , Wang Xuejian , Chen Xinxiu , Lang Yifei , Xia Mo , Guan Xin , Dong Mingsheng , Zhou Jingwen , Chen Jian
Published: October 2023

Self‐assembling peptides are valuable building blocks to fabricate supramolecular biomaterials, which have broad applications from biomedicine to biotechnology. However, limited choices to induce different globular proteins into hydrogels hinder these designs. Here, an easy‐to‐implement and tunable self‐assembling strategy, which employs Ure2 amyloidogenic peptide, are described to induce any target proteins to assemble into supramolecular hydrogels alone or in combination with notable compositional control. Furthermore, the collective effect of nanoscale interactions among amyloid nanofibrils and partially disordered elastomeric polypeptides are investigated. This led to many useful macroscopic material properties simultaneously emerging from one pure protein material, i.e. strong adhesion to any substrates under wet conditions, rapidly self‐‐assembling into robust and porous hydrogels, adaptation to remodeling processes, strongly promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, he demonstrated this supramolecular material′s robust performance in vitro and vivo for tissue engineering, cosmetic and hemostasis applications and exhibited superior performance compared to corresponding commercial counterparts. To the best of his knowledge, few pure protein‐based materials could meet such seemingly mutually exclusive properties simultaneously. Such versatility renders this novel supramolecular nanomaterial as next‐generation functional protein‐based materials, and he demonstrated the sequence level modulation of structural order and disorder as an untapped principle to design new proteins.
Bio‐Derived Wood‐Based Gas Diffusion Electrode for High‐Performance Aluminum–Air Batteries: Insights into Pore Structure
Authors: Yu Linfeng , Shang Zhicheng , Lin Xichang , Li Mengxuan , Liu Yuanbo , Ren Longtao , Deng Shasa , Zhang Fan , Luo Liang , Duan Haohong , Sun Xiaoming
Published: October 2023

Gas reactant transport plays a crucial role in various gas‐consumption reaction‐based electrochemical devices, but the pivotal performance limitation still centers on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs). To this end, natural cross‐cut wood to prepare GDEs for aluminum–air batteries is introduced by utilizing the ordered structure with microchannels. With cobalt–nitrogen co‐doped carbon nanotubes as the oxygen reduction reaction catalysts grown inside the channels of carbonized wood slice and wettability gradient modification, cherry‐based GDE achieves higher power density (267 vs. 236 mW cm−2) than the commercial carbon fiber paper‐based electrode. By bridging the identified characteristics of pore structure via deep‐learning image recognition technology with the permeability of other three typical kinds of (ash, pine, and oak) wood‐based GDEs, it is revealed that the ratio of effective porosity to the average pore size is key to the performance. This work demonstrates the feasibility of bio‐derived wood‐based materials for fabricating high‐performance GDEs and provides insights into pore structure for the rational design of structured electrodes.