bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intertransverse process block versus subcostal transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing laparscopic radical gastrectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhou Xinyue , Wang Fang , Zeng Yang , Qian Bin , Du Haiyun
Published: April 2024

Background：Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has been reported to be associated with severe trauma and pain. This study compared the impact of ultrasound-(US)-guided, bilateral, double-injection intertransverse process block (ITPB) on postoperative analgesia with subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) in patients who were undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.
Methods：Sixty-twopatients (43 men and 19 women) aged 55–80 years who were undergoing laparscopic radical gastrectomy surgery under general anesthesia were included. These patients were randomised to either the ITPB group or the TAPB group. Patients in the ITPB group received a double-shot US-guided bilateral ITPB at the thoracic level T6/7, T9/10 level using ropivacaine (0.3%, 15mL). Patients in the TAPB group received bilateral subcostal TAPB using ropivacaine (0.3%, 30mL). All patients used a BIS-guided combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia. The primary outcome was defined as postoperative morphine-equivalent consumption during the first 24 hours.
Results：
The study included 62 patients (31 in each group) for the analysis. A comparatively lesser amount of postoperative opioid consumption was observed in the ITPB group compared with the subcostal TAPB group within the first 24 h postoperatively (mean [standard deviation-(SD)] morphine-equivalent dose): 27.8 (5.7) mg vs31.2 (4.4) mg, P < 0.001. The ITPB group showed lower intraoperative opioid use, and significantly lower scores at rest and coughing at 6, 24 h postoperatively. The time to first requiring rescue analgesia was longer in the ITPB group than the subcostal TAPB group (mean [SD]): 13.2 (14.5) vs 6.5 (8.6) h, P = 0.031. The patients in the ITPB group exhibited a lower incidence of postoperative complications, including postoperative nausea and vomiting and relatively higher levels of satisfaction.
Conclusion: This study showed that adouble-shot bilateral ITPB could reduce opioids consumption and achieve longer and better pain relief. Additionally, it promoted early postoperative activity and improved patient satisfaction.
Assessing the Impact of the Introduction of Reverse Osmosis Water on the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka.
Authors: de Silva M.W.Amarasiri
Published: April 2024

The decline in the incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) within Sri Lanka's North Central Province (NCP), as documented by Ranasinghe et al. [1], represents a very positive trend. According to the authors’ ‘In NCP provision of RO plants commenced after 2011 and the decline in the incidence of hospital diagnosed CKD/CKDu was seen in 25 of the 29 Divisional Secretary Divisions when more than 20% of the families received access to drinking RO water project’. This departure from previous studies, particularly the research conducted by Rajapaksa et al [2], which indicated a significant increase in the prevalence of CKDu by 22.9% in 2016 among the population of NCP, underscores the evolving epidemiological landscape. Additionally, Ranasinghe et al [1] identify a correlation between the diminishing rates of CKDu observed between 2015 and 2020 and the proliferation of RO water treatment plants across the districts commencing in 2011. While this correlation is noteworthy, caution is warranted in attributing causality.
My interviews with people in the affected regions reveal that the transition to clean water occurred much earlier, with individuals beginning to utilize spring water, rainwater, and bottled water retailed in shops. This shift in practice introduced the commodification of drinking water and the idea of consuming clean water as a way of preventing CKDu. Without analyzing the early efforts by villagers to adopt clean water practices and their potential impact on reducing CKDu incidents, one cannot conclusively assert that the introduction of RO water was solely responsible for the reduction in CKDu incidents. This paper critically examines the assertion that introducing RO water has a positive correlation with the decline of CKDu incidents in the NCP indicating that RO water supply is accountable for the decline in CKDu incidents in the NCP.
PRAME expression in fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Ichiki Toshio , Ito Takamichi , Shiraishi Sakura , Nakashima Yasuharu , Nakahara Takeshi , Oda Yoshinao
Published: April 2024

PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) was first identified as a malignant melanoma-specific antigen. Recently, a few cases of fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (FS-DFSP) were shown to have positivity for PRAME, while conventional dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (C-DFSP) was negative. Because PRAME may be of diagnostic utility in FS-DFSP and is raising expectations as a new immunotherapy target, we examined the positivity of PRAME in FS-DFSP. Twenty-one cases of FS-DFSP and age/sex/location-matched cases of C-DFSP as a control group were examined by immunohistochemistry for CD34 and PRAME. The results were then evaluated by H-score, which was objectively and semi-quantitatively calculated using the open-source bioimaging analysis software QuPath. The results revealed that the PRAME H-score in FS-DFSP was significantly higher than that in C-DFSP (p=0.0137). As for CD34, the H-score in FS-DFSP was significantly lower than that in C-DFSP (p<0.001). Using these two immunohistochemical analyses in combination, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of FS-DFSP were 86% and 90%, respectively. Double staining of CD34 and PRAME revealed that PRAME-positive and CD34-positive areas did not overlap. This is the largest study to examine PRAME expression in FS-DFSP, and it confirmed the usefulness of PRAME in diagnosing this condition.
SilkSecured: A Comprehensive Analysis of Security and Dependencies in China's Governmental Web Systems
Authors: Zuo Ming , Cheng Yanan , Li Chao , Xu Haiyan , Zhang Zhaoxin
Published: April 2024

The study "SilkSecured" delves into the practice of governmental web systems in China. It scrutinizes the security and dependency challenges besieging China's governmental web infrastructure, with an intent to unearth pivotal concerns and proffer enhancements. The inquiry reveals substantial vulnerabilities and dependencies that could impede the digital efficacy and safety of governmental web systems. To counter these identified frailties, "SilkSecured" presents a suite of strategic recommendations tailored to bolster the digital fortitude of China's governmental web infrastructure. It underscores the critical need for robust domain name resolution services to assure secure and reliable access to government websites. The study accentuates the necessity for stringent vetting and regular updates of third-party libraries, aiming to avert potential security threats. Furthermore, it advocates for an optimized deployment of web systems by advocating for a diversified distribution of network nodes, which could substantially augment system resilience and performance. Through this comprehensive analysis, "SilkSecured" aspires to serve as a beacon for governmental departments, championing the ongoing enhancement of security protocols within China's governmental web domains. This initiative is envisioned to fortify the digital infrastructure against the spectrum of evolving cyber threats, thus safeguarding the digital governance ecosystem in China. The recommendations provided aim to underpin the robustness and reliability of governmental web systems, ensuring their integrity in the digital era.
Being a square among circles - The Role of Hope in Expanding the Conceptualization of School Attendance Problems: A Poetic Inquiry Approach using Qualitative Interviews with Youth
Authors: Walther-Hansen Wilma Gitte , Knage Frederikke Skaaning , Gentle-Genitty Carolyn
Published: April 2024

This article calls for an expansion of the conceptualization of school attendance problems (SAPs). It offers a practical phenomenological exploration (Van Manen, 2007a; 2014) using youths' lived experiences. Attention is paid to the bodily reactions and emotions in student narratives. Our goal is to aid research on prolonged absences from school by promoting studies that encourage teachers to investigate school cultures and climates (Smyth & Hattam, 2004; Hendron & Kearney, 2016). School personnel play essential roles in preventing and handling SAPs within classrooms and in creating situated pathways among stakeholders. We conducted interviews with nine students to learn about what makes youths go to school or not. We used quotes from the interviews to make goals for understanding SAPs in schools. Using poetic inquiry (Faulkner, 2009, 2020; Galvin, 2016; Davis, 2021) as a qualitative method, we offer bodily and sense-based perceptions to understand SAPs. The poems attempt to capture youth’s non-verbalized experiences with prolonged school absences. The results offer help to youths, schools, and professionals in how to build connections and offer hope. The role of hope was essential for students continuing to post-secondary education. Additionally, our results emphasize the need to include factors of belonging (Akar-Vural et al., 2013; Baker & Bishop, 2015; Allen & Boyle, 2018) within the classroom community for early intervention. Thereby increasing attendance, resilience, and long-term engagement in post-secondary education.
CGF with Bio-Oss Collagen as Grafting Materials for Immediate Implants after Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Shahood Bashar , Harphoush Seba , Muhaisen Belal O. M. , Qiu Jing
Published: April 2024

Background: Osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedure with immediate implant placement proved to be efficient procedure in the atrophic maxilla, where bone regeneration is required the most. The purpose of this retrospective study was to radiologically evaluate collagen with Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) as grafting materials for OSFE with simultaneously implant placement in the atrophic maxilla after one year of being functional loaded.
Methods: 126 implants were inserted for 123 patients. Patients included in our criteria with Residual Bone Height (RBH) ≤ 5 underwent OSFE procedure and immediate implant placement with different grafting materials. Group A with no grafting materials, Group B with Bio-Oss bone graft, and Group C with Bio-Oss collagen and CGF. Radiographic measurements assessed at 4 time points follow up after surgery were secondary outcome variables, in addition to Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) and Bone density (B). Indicators of bone formation were compared at different time points. Appropriate statistics were computed, and statistical significance was indicated by P value 0.05 for all tests.
Results: Total Implants Survival Rate (ISR). was 96%. There was a significant positive relationship between RBH and ISR, [r (126) = .359, p = .000]. Higher indicators for endo-sinus bone gain were recorded in both grafted groups. Total Bone Resorption (TBR1) and (TBR2)were significantly decreased in both grafted groups compared to non-grafted group (P = .004, P = .000). (Graft size) D was a positive predictor for ISR at three time points. D0, (odds ratio [OR] 8.06; 95% CI 1.59 to 38.24; P = .010). D1, (OR 96.58; 95% CI 1.69 to 5.52; P = .027). D2, (OR 4.97; 95% CI 1.29 to 19.19; P = .020)
Conclusion: The combination of collagen with CGF as grafting material is a reliable protocol after OSFE with simultaneously implant placement in the atrophic maxilla.
Static and temporal dynamic alterations of local functional connectivity in chronic insomnia
Authors: Li Jingwen , Li Shumei , Zeng Shaoqin , Wang Xinzhi , Liu Mengchen , Xu Guang , Ma Xiaofen
Published: April 2024

Background: Several studies have revealed altered intrinsic neural activity in chronic insomnia (CI). However, the temporal variability of intrinsic neural activity in CI is rarely mentioned. This study aimed to explore static and temporal dynamic alterations of regional homogeneity (ReHo) in CI and excavate the potential associations between these changes and clinical characteristics.
Methods: Eighty-seven patients with CI and seventy-eight healthy controls (HCs) were included. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects and both static and dynamic ReHo were used to detect local functional connectivity. We then tested the relationship between altered brain regions, disease duration, and clinical scales. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to reveal the potential capability of these indicators to screen CI patients from HCs.
Results: CI showed increased dynamic ReHo in the right precuneus and decreased static ReHo in the right cerebellum_6. The dynamic ReHo values of the right precuneus were negatively correlated with the self-rating depression score and the static ReHo values of the right cerebellum_6 were positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Naming scor e. In addition, the combination of the two metrics showed a potential capacity to distinguish CI patients from HCs, which was better than a single metric alone.
Conclusions: The present study has revealed the altered local functional connectivity under static and temporal dynamic conditions in patients with CI, and found the relationships between these changes, mood-related scales, and cognitive-related scales. These may be useful in elucidating the neurological mechanisms of CI and accompanying symptoms.
The Chinese version of the Immediate Mood Scaler (IMS): a study evaluating its validity, reliability, and responsiveness in patients with MDD in China
Authors: Chen Xiongying , Chen Xu , Feng Zizhao , Li Nanxi , Xiao Le , Zhu Xuequan
Published: April 2024

Background: It is important to timely capture the fluctuation of the symptoms related to MDD. However, most conventionally used assessment tools for MDD symptoms are not designed for real-time assessment. The Immediate Mood Scaler (IMS) is suitable for the real-time evaluation of the mood of patients with MDD.
Methods: The original IMS was translated into Chinese and back-translated. At baseline, data from 368 patients with MDD, including demographic information and scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and IMS, were collected. In total, 185 participants completed the retest at Week 2 which included the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and IMS. Internal structural validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were evaluated with the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and principal component analysis (PCA), the Pearson correlation, and Cronbach’s α, respectively. Responsiveness was anchored by the change of the PHQ-9 total scores from baseline to Week 2. Predictability was tested using the mixed models for repeated measure (MMRM).
Results: PCA identified two factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1, corresponding to IMS-Depression and IMS-Anxiety subscales. The Cronbach’s α that evaluated internal consistency was 0.96, 0.95, and 0.92 for the scores of the IMS, IMS-Depression subscale, and IMS-Anxiety subscale at baseline, respectively. The depression and anxiety subscales at baseline showed high subscale-total correlations (r=0.96 for the depression subscale; r=0.89 for the anxiety subscale). The test-retest ICC (0.65, 95%CI: 0.53-0.73) of the IMS at baseline and Week 2 show high reliability. The total score of IMS had significant correlations with that of the PHQ-9 (r=0.52, P<.001) and GAD-7(r=0.43, P <.001), indicating high construct validity. In patients with MDD who showed changes in mood, the changes in total scores of the IMS from baseline to the retest were statistically significant with a mean difference of 13.3 (SD: 20.1), an ES of 0.66, and an SRM of 0.3, showing good responsiveness. Also, the baseline IMS-Depression subscale score could predict the change in the PHQ-9 score over the two weeks (t=2.19, P =.029).
Conclusions: The Chinese version of the IMS is valid and reliable for the real-time assessment of mood in patients with MDD in China.
Network analysis of three-dimensional hard-soft tissue relationships in the lower 1/3 of the face: Skeletal Class I-normodivergent malocclusion versus Class II-hyperdivergent malocclusion
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Nie Kaichen , Fan Yi , Chen Gui , Xu Kaiyuan , Song Guangying , Han Bing , Pei Yuru , Xu Tianmin
Published: April 2024

Background
The determining effect of facial hard tissues on soft tissue morphology in orthodontic patients has yet to be explained. The aim of this study was to clarify the hard-soft tissue relationships of the lower 1/3 of the face in skeletal Class II-hyperdivergent patients compared with those in Class I-normodivergent patients using network analysis.
Methods Fifty-two adult patients (42
females, 10 males; age, 26.58 ± 5.80 years) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1), 25 subjects, skeletal Class I normodivergent pattern with straight profile (Class I-norm-straight); Group 2 (G2), 27 subjects, skeletal Class II hyperdivergent pattern with convex profile (Class II-hype-convex). Pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and three-dimensional (3D) facial scans were taken and superimposed, on which 3D landmarks were identified manually, and their coordinate values were used for network analysis.
Results
(1) In sagittal direction, G2 correlations were generally weaker than G1. In both the vertical and sagittal directions of G1, the most influential hard tissue landmarks to soft tissues were located between the level of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of upper teeth and root apex of lower teeth. In G2, the hard tissue landmarks with the greatest influence in vertical direction were distributed more forward and downward than in G1. (2) In G1, all the coefficients in the correlation matrix of sagittal and vertical positions of hard tissue landmarks were positive. In G2, the values of those coefficients decreased. In G1, all the correlations for vertical-hard tissue to sagittal-soft tissue position and sagittal-hard tissue to vertical-soft tissue position were positive. However, G2 correlations between vertical-hard tissue and sagittal-soft tissue positions were mostly negative. Between sagittal-hard tissue and vertical-soft tissue positions, G2 correlations were negative for mandible, and were positive for maxilla and teeth.
Conclusion
Compared with Class I-norm-straight patients, Class II-hype-convex patients had more variations in soft tissue morphology in sagittal direction. In vertical direction, the most relevant hard tissue landmarks on which soft tissue predictions should be based were distributed more forward and downward in Class II-hype-convex patients. Class II-hype-convex pattern was an imbalanced phenotype concerning sagittal and vertical positions of maxillofacial hard and soft tissues.
Endovascular treatment for advanced cervical cancer patients with uretero-arterial fistula of pseudoaneurysms of iliac artery
Authors: Wang Kai-yun , Pan Xiao-bo , Hu Wen-hao , Xu Wen-yi , Zhang Yi , Shen Li-liang
Published: April 2024

Pseudoaneurysms rarely form in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Here, we present two cases of locally advanced cervical cancer patients who experienced life-threatening hematuria due to uretero-arterial fistula caused by a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of iliac artery. The condition was successfully treated by endovascular covered stent placement.
Machine learning model to predict 3-month nonunion(delayed union) of unstable distal clavicle fracture patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Ma Changke , Lu Wei , Liang Limei , Huang Kaizong , Zou Jianjun
Published: April 2024

Background Unstable distal clavicle fractures (UDCFs) exhibit a significant propensity for bone nonunion and are commonly managed through open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF). A notable drawback of this approach is the considerable incidence of fixation failure, including 3-month nonunion (also referred to as delayed union), and subsequent bone nonunion. Accurate prediction of union outcomes post-UDCF treatment could provide substantial evidence to inform and optimize intraoperative and postoperative strategies.
Methods Data were gathered from patients with UDCFs at Nanjing Luhe People's Hospital, China, from January 2015 to May 2023. The adverse outcome, characterized by the non-disappearance of the fracture line and uncontinuous callus formation, was defined as 3-month nonunion. To predict the risk of 3-month nonunion, five machine learning models were constructed, employing the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) as the principal evaluation criterion. Subsequently, The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) was further used to interpret the best model after comparing the models' performances.
Results In this investigation, a cohort of 248 patients was enrolled, among which 76 individuals (30.6%, median age: 55 years, males: 52) encountered adverse outcomes. The integration of variables such as the coracoclavicular distance（CCD）, anesthesia methodology, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and blood loss revealed that the CatBoost model was markedly more effective compared to four other predictive models, achieving an AUPRC of 0.801 (95% CI: 0.592-0.918). The SHAP values identified the CCD as the paramount predictor for assessing the risk of 3-month outcomes in patients with UDCFs within the Chinese demographic.
Conclusion The refined model incorporated four readily accessible variables, wherein the CCD, HDL levels, and blood loss were associated with an elevated risk of 3-month nonunion. Moreover, the CatBoost model has demonstrated a commendable capability in enhancing the prediction of 3-month outcomes for Chinese patients with UDCFs, effectively distinguishing individuals at high risk for delayed nonunion. This enhancement is pivotal for reinforcing intraoperative and postoperative management, thereby ameliorating patient prognoses.
Association Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Respiratory Diseases in A Japanese Population: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Shen Shaoning , Zeng Hanbing , Wei hao , Wu LianGuo
Published: April 2024

Objective
Past observational studies have documented an association between Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD). However, the establishment of a causal link remains elusive. Undertaking the approach of Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, this research aims to delve deeper into the probability of a causal connection between RA and CRD within the Japanese population.
Methods
Collated genome-wide association study (GWAS) data covering RA with 4,199 cases against 208,254 controls, asthma comprising 8,216 cases versus 201,592 controls, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) detailing 3,315 cases in contrast to 201,592 controls were derived from the repository of the Japanese Biobank. A selection of ten RA-related, eight asthma-related, and four COPD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) notable for their statistical significance (P < 5×10^−8) were identified as instrumental variables. The primary analytical technique employed to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, alongside the MR-Egger's protocol, weighted median, and weighted mode to reinforce the validity and solidity of the principal results. For scrutinizing possible implications of horizontal pleiotropy, we harnessed the MR-Egger’s intercept examination and the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy REsidual Sum and Outlier (MRPRESSO) test.
Results
Employing the inverse variance-weighted technique, we established a positive correlation between genetic predispositions for RA and actual occurrences of asthma (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04–1.24; P = 0.003). This correlation remained strong when testing the results utilizing various methods, including the MR-Egger's method (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09–1.60; P = 0.023), the weighted median (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06–1.26; P < 0.001), and the weighted mode (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11–1.32; P = 0.002). Furthermore, our findings from the inverse variance-weighted method also demonstrated a positive association between genetically predicted RA and COPD (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02–1.29; P = 0.021). However, no such link was discerned in supplementary analyses. In a shifted perspective - the reverse MR analysis - no correlation was identified between genetically predicted instances of asthma (IVW, P=0.717) or COPD (IVW, P=0.177) and RA.
Conclusion
Our study's findings confirm a causal correlation between genetically predicted RA and an elevated risk of either asthma or COPD. In contrast, our results offer no support to the presumed causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to either asthma or COPD and the subsequent development of RA. We underscore the necessity of additional MR studies, particularly when future GWAS present more comprehensive data for RA, asthma, and COPD within distinct East Asian or Japanese populations.
Imaging of nonlinear media response using pressure dependent nonlinearity index
Authors: Nowicki A. , Tasinkiewicz J. , Karwat P. , Trots I. , Żołek N. , Tymkiewicz R.
Published: April 2024

Background: In the range of acoustic pressures used in ultrasound imaging, the waves propagating in tissue are distorted due to the nonlinear properties of the tissue. The adipose tissue exhibits up to 2 times greater nonlinear behavior than other tissue. In general, the nonlinear property of the media is addressed by using the B/A nonlinearity parameter measured in transmission mode and requiring wide band reception systems.
Method: We propose a new simple approach for estimating the non-linear properties of tissue. The proposed method involves the use of several waves transmissions with significantly different acoustic pressures and recording the echoes only in the fundamental frequency band. The set of images of "linear" tissues (B/A=0) will differ only in amplitude proportional to the amplitude of the transmitted wave. Therefore, the ratios of the echoes’ amplitudes recorded for the sequence of low and high pressure transmission, after compensating for different transmit acoustic pressures, should be close to one. If there are areas in the imaging space with B/A¹0, the amplitude ratios will differ from one and this value should increase with increasing nonlinearity coefficient of the imaged tissue.
The research was carried out in three steps. In the first step of the evaluation, the amplitude of the first and higher harmonics in water and in vegetable oil was measured for various sound pressures. Sound pressures were measured using a needle hydrophone at a depth of 1 cm up to 6 cm from the face of the ultrasonic head. In the second part the echoes from the thread phantom in water and sunflower oil were analyzed. Finally, we studied the backscattered ultrasound measurements from the sample of beef liver with oil mimicking fatty tissue.
Results: We have introduced a simple non-linearity index (NLI) in the form of the quotient of the backscattered signals amplitudes EP1 and EP2for two different transmitted pressures, after compensating for the transmitted pressures, NLI=EP1/EP2.
Untold Stories from the Slums: A Qualitative Exploration of the Lives of Female Informal Waste Workers
Authors: John Ashima , Tushir Bhawna , Srivast Akancha
Published: April 2024

The present study investigates the nuanced experiences of urban informal waste workers, shedding light on the intricate realities shaping their daily lives. Employing purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted, specifically targeting female participants aged eighteen and above, engaged in informal waste work for a minimum duration of one year. A total of ten in-depth interviews were meticulously executed, with recordings subsequently translated and transcribed for thorough analysis. Utilizing Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis method, a comprehensive examination of the data yielded a hierarchical structure comprising codes, sub-themes, and overarching themes. The central themes identified encapsulate the multifaceted challenges encountered by urban informal waste workers, including Occupational Hardships and Vulnerability, Economic Struggles and Diminished Quality of Life, Dedication to Family, Emotional and Psychosocial Tribulations, Gratitude and Acknowledgment of Support Received, Reluctance to Seek Assistance, and Aspirations and Hopes for the future. By amplifying the voices of these marginalized workers, this study advocates for the implementation of inclusive policies and interventions tailored to address their diverse needs within the urban milieu. Through its findings, the study aims to cultivate a more compassionate and supportive environment that not only recognizes the invaluable contributions of urban informal waste workers but also strives to enhance their overall well-being and socio-economic standing.
The Peritoneal Tie Technique: Our Laparoscopic Catheter Placement for Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Oliva Giuseppina , Carmen Sorrentino , Gianluigi Santella , Guido Lombardi , Pasquale Sullo
Published: April 2024

Background
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a safe and effective replacement therapy for patients with terminal stage renal disease, alternative to hemodialysis. However, its success depends on the placement of a peritoneal catheter with a safe, functional and durable access. Currently, several techniques are put into practice for peritoneal catheter placement.
Methods
We present a detailed stepwise description of our operative technique for PD catheter placement. This description is combined with intraoperative photographs to highlight key steps.
Results
we describes potential pitfalls that may prevent optimal catheter function and We report our results in the medium and short term
Conclusion
This technique performe safely and standardized reproducible method for minimally invasive placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters,
Photocatalytic characterization of BiOCl and BiOBr prepared by polyol-assisted coprecipitation for the elimination of NO x from air
Authors: Cruz A. Martínez-de la , Reyna-Cavazos K. A. , Cuéllar E. López , Ibarra R. Morales
Published: April 2024

The BiOCl and BiOBr oxyhalides were prepared by a simple coprecipitation route in a rich polyol medium at 100oC, where glycerol was used as solvent and mannitol as additive to increase the concentration of -OH groups in the reaction medium. The characterization of the samples was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffusion reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and the specific surface area was revised by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms following BET protocol. The photocatalytic activity of BiOCl and BiOBr was determined in the photooxidation of nitric oxide (NO) in air, obtaining values of nitric oxide conversion degree of 77 and 90%, respectively. The origin of the photocatalytic activity was associated to the higher concentration of -OH groups in the medium of reaction that induce a preferential orientation of the crystalline plane (110) in BiOCl, and in the formation of the heterojunction BiOBr/B24O31Br10 in BiOBr. The high selectivity in the reaction of NO photooxidation to innocuous NO3− ions was confirmed with values of 96% (BiOCl) and 93% (BiOBr). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements determined that the hydroxyl (•OH) and the superoxide (•O2¯) radicals are the highly oxygen reactive species that rule the NO oxidation photocatalyzed by BiOCl and BiOBr oxyhalides.
Implantable Collamer Lenses (ICL) for treating keratoconus
Authors: Al-Dabaat Muhammad Abu , Nassar Ruby ِAbu , Mesmar Hazim , Amireh Saadat , Herzallah Abdallah , Abdulbaqi Mahdi , Alryalat Saif Aldeen , Gharaibeh Almutez
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) implantation is a promising solution for correcting refractive errors, particularly in advanced Keratoconus (KC). Despite its increasing use, comprehensive data on its efficacy and complications remain limited, especially in regions with high KC prevalence like the Middle East.This study aims to evaluate ICL implantation's effectiveness in KC patients, examining demographic factors and various variables, while examining the alterations in various ocular parameters.
Methodology: This retrospective longitudinal study included 38 eyes of 20 patients who underwent ICL implantation for KC at Al Shami Eye Center in Amman, Jordan between 2017 and 2020. The study compared preoperative and postoperative data, including demographic information, Endothelial Cell Density, Central Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth, Anterior Chamber Angle, Anterior Chamber Volume, Spherical Power, Cylinder Power, Spherical Equivalent, Intraocular Pressure, and white-to-white.
Results: Significant improvements were observed in refractive outcomes, with reductions in spherical equivalent and cylinder power (both p < 0.00001). Visual acuity also improved significantly (p < 0.00001), However, certain anterior chamber parameters and endothelial cell density showed concerning changes postoperatively.
Conclusion: ICL implantation effectively improved visual and refractive outcomes for KC patients. Concerns were raised regarding changes in anterior chamber parameters and endothelial cell density, but stable intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness were found postoperatively.
The Human ABCG2 Transporter Relies on a Triple-Gated Translocation Channel for Multidrug Efflux
Authors: Kuchler Karl , Khunweeraphong Narakorn
Published: April 2024

The human ABCG2 drug transporter plays essential roles in physiological detoxification across barrier tissues and in anticancer multidrug resistance. However, the routes for drug extrusion and gating mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the inner core of the ABCG2 structure holds two cavities that are delimited by three gates, revealing a possible substrate translocation channel within the transporter core. Drugs can enter via an intracellular entry gate to become trapped in the voluminous central cavity. The cavity is surrounded by a cluster of three conserved phenylalanines providing aromatic rings for a “clamp-push-seal” motion to ensure unidirectional substrate movement towards the upper cavity. Two ABCG2-unique residues, T435 and N436, are the critical discriminators for substrate selectivity prior moving through the valve gate. The dynamic outer cavity is covered by the extracellular lid architecture functioning as the final gate to mediate drug extrusion. This work unravels unprecedented mechanistic details about critical gating steps, including the order of events that drive ABCG2-mediated drug efflux.
Banded iron formation recorded volcanic eruption and sedimentary events during the evolution of the North China Craton
Authors: Yin Tiantao , Jia Ruifeng , Xiong Yuqiang , Zhao Congcong
Published: April 2024

The main global iron ore reserves are found in banded iron formations (BIFs) from the Precambrian age. They have undergone long-term environmental changes since their formation, attracting much research attention. A large, recently discovered mineral deposit is located in the North China Craton called the Lanling BIF. A Neoarchean Taishan Group BIF of the Algoma type. We analysed trace and major rare earth elements in the present study to characterize their mineral sources and formation environments. The major elements indicate that the Lanling BIF is mainly composed of SiO2 + Fe2O3T with small amounts of Al2O3, MnO, K2O, CaO, MgO, Na2O, P2O5 and TiO2. After PAAS standardization, according to REY analyses, light rare earths are depleted, while heavy rare earths are enriched. In addition, La, Eu, and Y are positive anomalies, while Ce is a slightly negative anomaly. According to the trace elements and REY, Seafloor hydrothermal environments and seawater environments contributed to the ore-forming material. Moreover, when the BIF precipitated, very little crustal material was added. Finally, based on negative Ce anomalies and REY characteristics, it is speculated that BIF formed in reducing conditions in Lanling. They recorded the volcanic eruption and sedimentary events during the evolution of the North China Craton.
Sleep quality and cognitive functioning among Chinese older adults living in the US: A mixed-effects model analysis
Authors: Tang Fengyan , Zhu Yuyang , Jayawardena Dasuni , Jin Guoping , jiang yanping
Published: April 2024

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in sleep quality and cognitive health are increasingly recognized, yet little is understood about their associations among Chinese older adults living in the United States. This study aims to examine the relationships between sleep parameters and cognitive functioning in this population, utilizing data from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE).
Methods: This observational study utilized a two-wave panel design as part of the PINE, including 2,228 participants aged 65 years or older, self-identified as Chinese, who completed interviews at two time points. Cognitive functioning was assessed using a battery of tests on perceptual speed, episodic memory, working memory, and mental status. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) with four aspects: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration at night. Insomnia was assessed using four items from the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Mixed-effects regression models were estimated to assess the predictive effects of sleep parameters on baseline cognitive functioning and the rate of cognitive change over time.
Results: Significant negative associations were observed between poor sleep quality and baseline cognitive functioning across various domains, although these initial negative associations diminished over time. More insomnia problems were related to poorer perceptual speed and episodic memory. Long sleep latency, or a long time to sleep onset, was associated with worse functioning across all domains except mental status. Sleep efficiency showed inconsistent associations with various cognitive domains, while sleep duration showed no significant relation to any domains.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that poor sleep quality indicators serve as early markers of cognitive impairments. Hence, targeted interventions aimed at improving sleep quality could potentially enhance cognitive health outcomes.
Pathogenesis of spinal chronic subdural hematoma based on histopathological findings: a case report
Authors: Fujikawa Yoshiki , Fujishiro Takahiro , Tanabe Hideki , Takami Toshihiro , Wanibuchi Masahiko
Published: April 2024

Background
Spinal chronic subdural hematoma (sCSDH) is a rare condition whereas intracranial chronic subdural hematoma (iCSDH) is well-recognised and documented in clinical settings. Despite various theories have been proposed, the exact pathogenesis of sCSDH remains to be elucidated. Herein, we report a rare case of sCSDH with co-existing iCSDH and deduce its etiology using histopathological findings.
Case presentation
A 76-year-old Japanese man with slight hemiparesis due to iCSDH underwent burr hole surgery with successful drainage of the hematoma. The patient could not walk unassisted after the surgery. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, revealing a subdural hematoma extending from the T11 to S2 levels. The patient decided to undergo hematoma evacuation via a hemilaminectomy. Intraoperatively, we identified a dark liquefied hematoma with its capsule, which closely resembled an iCSDH. Histological examination of the resected capsule revealed loose fibrovascular tissues comprising capillaries, collagen fibres, small number of macrophages, and hemosiderin deposits. These findings were very similar to those for iCSDH, such that the pathogenesis of sCSDH was considered identical to that of iCSDH. The patient was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital, and 4 months after the lumbar surgery, no recurrence was observed in MRI examination.
Conclusions
sCSDH may result from various potential pathogeneses, that clinicians should consider for correct diagnosis and appropriate management. Our case provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of sCSDH.
An sp-sp2-hybridized molecular carbon allotrope: C16 flake
Authors: Xu Wei , Gao Wenze , Zheng Wei , Sun Luye , Kang Faming , Zhou Zheng
Published: April 2024

The molecular carbon allotropes have an enduring attraction to chemists and physicists for their elusive structures and extraordinary properties. Cyclo[16]carbon has been produced on the surface and is well characterized, while, it is interesting that molecular carbon allotrope, like C16, referring to molecules composed of 16 carbon atoms, presents a fascinating realm of isomeric possibilities. Except for cyclo[16]carbon, C16 isomers with other structures have been only predicted by theory. Here, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a graphene-shaped isomer, i.e., C16 flake on a bilayer NaCl surface grown on Au(111), using an atom-manipulation strategy by eliminating chlorine from a fully chlorinated pyrene molecule, C16Cl10. Characterization of such a C16 flake by bond-resolved atomic force microscopy revealed an sp- and sp2-hybridized structure.
Follow up study of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) gene expression as a predictive marker for clinical outcome of acute myeloid leukemia in Iraqi population
Authors: Alyaqubi Kifah Jabbar , Al-bedariy Iman H. Zeyed , Aljawad Mohammed F.
Published: April 2024

Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) is a universal tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expressed in a variety of malignancies. It is also quantitatively detectable and strongly expressed in the majority of acute leukemia patients. A recent study suggested that WT1 changes in gene expression levels might be utilized as a predictive marker to evaluate clinical outcomes at the time of diagnosis of (de novo) leukemia, followed by monitoring tumor development through treatment and follow-up.
Methods: A total of twenty-nine (de novo) acute myeloid leukemia patients at presentation had 25 AML at the time of the first induction. The second induction had 17 AML patients, and 10 healthy volunteers, as a control group, were chosen for this study. The WT1 gene was assessed by Real-Time PCR with the Cyber Green assay.
Results: AML patients had significantly higher levels of WT1 expression, compared to controls, who had low levels of WT1 expression. The WT1 gene overexpression was significantly associated with non-response AML patients compared to a complete response at diagnosis but showed no significant association after induction.
Conclusion: The WT1 tumor antigen could be an early potential marker for acute leukemia prognosis. A lower expression of WT1 has been linked to improved clinical results. In contrast, a high level was associated with a bad prognosis in patients with AML, but further additional testing is needed.
Effect of the glycerol dispersant on the structure, electrical transport and magnetoresistive properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 ceramics prepared by the sol-gel routine
Authors: Xie Yuchen , Liu Chunling , Shen Yating , Wang Shaozheng , Yu Ping , Li Yule , Chen Qingming , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the sol-gel technique is employed to synthesize polycrystalline La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) ceramics, where methanol is chosen as the solvent. The crystal structure, morphology, as well as electrical and magnetoresistive properties. Moreover, the effect of amount of the dispersant glycerol on the properties of LCMO ceramics is studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that all samples crystallized in single phases with orthogonal perovskite structure (pnma space group), without any detectable impurity phases. Results reveal that the grain size of LCMO ceramics exhibits an initial increase followed by a decrease, accompanied by a similar behavior in the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and magnetoresistance (MR). When the volume ratio of glycerol and methanol reached 2%, the grain size is determined to be 7.30 µm, with TCR value of 25.02% K− 1 at T = 263.2 K, and MR value recorded at 55.40%. The study elucidates the influence of glycerol on LCMO polycrystalline ceramics and optimize the fabrication process, thereby improve the electric transport property and magnetoresistance.
Environmental predictors of malaria infection in Sussundenga, Mozambique
Authors: Steiber Alexa , Ferrão João L. , Francisco Albino B. , Muhiro Valy , Novela Anísio , Earland Dominique E. , Searle Kelly M.
Published: April 2024

Background
Malaria is highly sensitive to environmental conditions, including climate variability and land use practices. Ecologically, Sussundenga district has a significantly lower elevation compared to the Zimbabwe border and a more tropical climate compared to southern and northern Mozambique due to high seasonal rainfall. We aimed to evaluate the effects of climate and environmental factors at the household level on rapid diagnostic test results for Malaria in Sussundenga, Mozambique.
Methods
To understand this association, we collected publicly available United States Geological Survey satellite data on elevation, vegetation, and land use cover. Additionally, we collected satellite data on day and night land surface temperatures and evapotranspiration which we assessed at 1- and 2-week lags. We spatially and temporally joined these data with malaria infection data at the household level. Using this database, we assessed whether these environmental factors were good predictors for having a positive rapid diagnostic test result using spatio-temporal models that accounted for the underlying correlation structure. Risk factor surveillance is an important tool for controlling the spread of infectious diseases.
Results
Of the environmental factors that were investigated in this study, landcover was found to be most strongly associated with malaria risk, and we found that the estimated effect of grassland or cropland landcover on malaria risk varies depending on whether the house has holes in the wall.
Conclusions
The results from modeling of the ecological predictors of malaria infection and spatial maps provided in this study could aid in developing frameworks to mitigate malaria transmission and predict future malaria transmission in this region. Understanding how environmental changes impacts malaria transmission and infection at the household level may have important implications for vector control and disease surveillance strategies utilized by the district.
Correlation functions between singular values and eigenvalues
Authors: Allard Matthias , Kieburg Mario
Published: April 2024

Exploiting the explicit bijection between the density of singular values and the density of eigenvalues for bi-unitarily invariant complex random matrix ensembles of finite matrix size we aim at finding the induced probability measure onjeigenvalues andksingular values that we coinj,k-point correlation measure. We fully derive allj,k-point correlation measures in the simplest cases for matrices of sizen= 1andn= 2 . Forn> 2, we find a general formula for the1, 1-point correlation measure. This formula reduces drastically when assuming the singular values are drawn from a polynomial ensemble, yielding an explicit formula in terms of the kernel corresponding to the singular value statistics. These expressions simplify even further when the singular values are drawn from a Pólya ensemble and extend known results between the eigenvalue and singular value statistics of the corresponding bi-unitarily invariant ensemble. MSC Classification: 60B20 , 15B52 , 43A90 , 42B10 , 42C05