bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Producción y viviparidad de nogal pecanero (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) en relación con la humedad del suelo
Authors: Rodríguez-González Mayela , Arreola-Ávila Jesús G. , Trejo-Calzada Ricardo , Cueto-Wong José A. , Zegbe-Domínguez Jorge A. , Reyes-Juárez Isidro , Borja-de la Rosa Amparo
Published: December 2021

Introducción: La viviparidad en nogal pecanero (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) ha incrementado considerablemente. Este fenómeno genético-ambiental puede ser controlado con el manejo de humedad del suelo y otras variables de calidad. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del contenido de humedad del suelo sobre el rendimiento, tamaño de nuez, porcentaje de almendra y nuez germinada en el árbol. Materiales y métodos: Árboles de nogal de 40 años fueron regados por 40 emisores con gasto de 3.2 L∙h-1. A partir de la etapa fenológica de endurecimiento de cáscara, el tiempo de riego fue de 4, 6 y 8 h, correspondientes a niveles de humedad de 0.257, 0.327 y 0.380 m3 de agua por m3 de suelo, a profundidad de 40 a 80 cm. El rendimiento por árbol, porcentaje de nuez germinada, tamaño de fruto y porcentaje de almendra se evaluaron durante los ciclos productivos 2016 y 2017. Resultados y discusión: Durante los dos ciclos de producción, cuando el nivel de humedad en el suelo aumentó de 0.257 a 0.380 m3 ∙m-3, la producción de nuez por árbol, la longitud y diámetro del fruto, y el porcentaje de almendra incrementaron en promedio 23.8 %, 25.3 y 10 %, y 1.8 %, respectivamente; sin embargo, la viviparidad incrementó 11.2 %, lo cual se vio reflejado en la disminución del porcentaje de nuez comercial. Los tratamientos 0.327 y 0.380 m3 ∙m-3 tuvieron un efecto similar (P > 0.05) en dichas variables. Conclusiones: El menor nivel de humedad (0.257 m3 ∙m-3), a partir del llenado de almendra, disminuyó la viviparidad y aumentó el porcentaje de nuez comercial.
Correlation of Plasma Kynurenic Acid Level with the Severity of Depression, Pain, And the Need of Opioids for Pain Management in Cancer Patients in Palliative Care Unit in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Kurniawan Rizky Iman , Utariani Arie , Susila Dedi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Most cancer cases in Indonesia are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and the cure rate and life expectancy are not as expected. Depression and pain are the most common problems that arise in cancer patients. Kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid are neuroactive metabolites produced in the kynurenine pathway. Decreased kynurenic acid levels have been reported to be associated with depression, pain, and pathology in cancer.

Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between kynurenic acid levels and the severity of depression, pain level, and opioid need in cancer patients undergoing palliative treatment.

Material and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort design. The study population was adult patients with malignancy in the palliative care unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya that received opioid treatment during the study period. The sample of this study was 54 patients. Plasma kynurenic acid levels were measured using the ‘Human Kynurenic acid ELISA kit’ from BT Lab. The severity of depression was measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Pain level was scored with Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while the opioid use was collected from the patient’s medical record.

Result and Discussion: There was a significant relationship between kynurenic acid levels and the severity of depression (p<0.001), pain level (p<0,001), and opioid need (p=0,007). Simple linear regression analysis showed that the lower the kynurenic acid level, the more severe the depression (p<0.001) and the higher the opioid dose needed (p=0,004). Moderate pain has a lower median kynurenic acid level than mild pain, 12.32 nmol/L, and 16.29 nmol/L, respectively. Patients with a lower level of kynurenic acid require a higher dose of the same type of opioid.

Conclusion: The lower level of plasma kynurenic acid is associated with more severe depression, more pain level, and more opioid need for pain management in malignancy patients in the palliative care unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.
Comorbidities as Risk Factors for Mortality in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Adult Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Nugraha Putra Kurnia , Kusuma Edward , Sulistiawan Soni Sunarso , Husain Teuku Aswin
Published: December 2021

Background: Geriatric, obesity, and chronic disease are classified as risk factors for adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Studies regarding the importance of these comorbidities in COVID-19 with severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are scarce. This study aims to analyze age, obesity, and chronic disease comorbidities as risk factors for 28-days mortality in COVID-19 patients with ARDS.
Methods: A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia between July-October 2020. We included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) of confirmed COVID-19 with ARDS. Demographic, comorbidities, initial PaO2/FiO2 ratio, time of discharge or death were obtained from medical records and compared the ARDS severity between survivors and non-survivors. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to identify risk factors associated with in-hospital death.
Result: Among 102 patients of COVID-19 with ARDS, the median age is 52 years. Most of them are within 50 – 59 age categories. The median hospital length of stay (LOS) for survivor is 22 (15.7 – 26) days and 9 (4.25 – 14.4) days for non-survivor. The 28-days mortality rate is 48 (47.1%) patients. Age > 65 years old (HR= 2.7, 95% CI 1.39 – 5.44, p value= 0.004), obesity (HR= 2.2, 95% CI 1.16 – 4.51, p value= 0.016), and chronic hypertension (HR= 1.98, 95% CI 1.11 – 3.52, p value= 0.02) are the independent risk factors for 28-days mortality in COVID-19 with ARDS.
Conclusion: Geriatric, obesity, and chronic hypertension comorbidities are the risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 with ARDS complications.
Evaluating the Relationships Between Demographic, Level of Drug Use and Self Esteem Among Female Students in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Mus Farouk Ndamadu , John Gladys , Sadiq Abdul Garba
Published: December 2021

Starting the early 1990s, the prevalence of nonmedical prescription drug use in Nigeria has been increased, especially among college students. Potential adverse effects such as poor academic performance and low self-esteem are known. The research is aimed but it is not understood whether demographics (age, socioeconomic level, educational level, and history of mental illness), level of drug use and self-esteem are related to drug use for female college students. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study of a cross-sectional nature was to determine if there were predictive relationships between level of drug use (as measured by the Drug Abuse Screening Test [DAST], and self-esteem (as measured by the Modified Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [MRSES] in female students in Kaduna in Nigeria. The theoretical framework was provided by the psychology of self-esteem theory, social learning theory, and identity theory. Primary data from a purposeful convenience and snowball sample of 300 female undergraduates (age 18-25) enrolled in three colleges was used to analyze data. The results of the multiple linear regression indicated that history of mental illness (p = .012) and DAST score (p = .000) were related to the MRSES score at statistically significant levels. Because the independent variables (level of drug use) were not related to the dependent variable (self-esteem) at a statistically significant level, the null hypothesis was not rejected. The results from this study could provide justification for college administrators to plan appropriate social, health, educational programs, and policies that could assist college students at risk of nonmedical prescription drug use and guide students in making right health choices and decisions. The research recommends that these investigations could inform the development of educational materials and methods/strategies toward stemming, minimizing and possibly preventing the risk of Non-Medical Prescription Drugs (NMPDU) among college students over the lifetime of their college careers and after.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMYLASE-PRODUCING MICROBES FROM THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF TILAPIA
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Amin Teguh Satria , Noviani Nomi , Handayani Leni
Published: December 2021

Enzymes are natural products that play an important role in various industrial applications, from food processing to chemical products. One of the most widely used enzymes is amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that plays a role in starch hydrolysis. Amylolytic bacteria can be isolated in the digestive tract of fish. This is most bacteria that occupy the digestive tract have high activity. This study aims to obtain a potential isolate producing amylase bacteria whose activity can be determined through morphological characterization and activity test of enzyme-producing bacteria. The results obtained from this study were ten isolates with the potential to produce amylase enzymes, which were marked with a positive test after the addition of iodine.
A preliminary study on zooplankton fauna of Iskenderun Technical University campus pond and first record of Pleuroxus wittsteini Studer, 1878 (Anomopoda, Chydoridae) for Turkish inland waters
Authors: BOZKURT Ahmet
Published: December 2021

A total of 22 species, 16 Rotifera, 4 Cladocera and 2 Copepoda, were identified in the study carried out in the pool located in the Iskenderun Technical University campus. The most species were found in Lecanidae family with 5 species. Pleuroxus wittsteini detected in this study is a new record for inland waters of Turkey.
The effect of different salinity levels on larval growth and survival of Farfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) (Decapoda: Penaeidae)
Authors: ULUDAĞ Ahu Deniz , AKTAŞ Mevlüt
Published: December 2021

This study was designed to determine the effects of five different salinity levels (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 ppt) on the survival rate of Farfantepenaeus aztecus larvae from Nauplius5 to post-larvae1 (N5-PL1). For this purpose, 50 larvae that reached the N5 stage were stocked in 2-L round bottom glass flasks in five replications and were grown up to the PL1 stage at 27.6±0.4°C. At the end of the study, as the highest survival (44.00±23.15) in protozoal stages were obtained at 35 ppt salinity levels, the lowest survival 14.00±4.89) were found at 25 ppt salinity levels (P<0.05). The highest survival rates from the M1 stage to the PL1 stage was obtained at 35 ppt (24.40±19.51), 30 ppt (23.20±18.14) and 40 ppt, respectively. The survival rates at 25 and 45 ppt salinity levels were found statistically different from those of 30, 35, and 40 ppt (P<0.05). The results of this study show for the first time that the optimum salinity level is the range of 30-40 ppt for larval culture obtained from the North-eastern Mediterranean population of brown shrimp that is the West Atlantic natural origin.
Cellular and biochemical responses induced by Biotherapics prepared from intact influenza A (H3N2) and inactivated influenza A (H3N2) virus at 12x and 30x in the MDCK cells
Authors: Siqueira Camila , MendonÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â§a Rafaela , Veiga Venicio , Marcondes Mariah , Couceiro Jose Nelson , Holandino Carla
Published: December 2021

Biotherapics are homeopathic remedies prepared from organic products that are chemically undefined and can be used for treatment of diseases like influenza. There are several classes of biotherapics and, among these, there are some called "living biotherapics" or "Roberto CostaÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s Biotherapics". This study aimed to compare the cellular and biochemical effects of biotherapics prepared from intact influenza virus diluted in water and the one obtained from the same viral sample inactivated by ethanol 70% (v / v), both in the potencies of 12x and 30x. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed on both preparations to assess the integrity of viral particles, which showed that ethanol 70% (v/v) induced a complete denaturation of viral particles. In contrast, the integrity of virus particles was preserved when water was used as the biotherapic solvent. Cellular and biochemical alterations induced by the preparations on MDCK cells were analyzed and compared with those induced by respective controls (water 30x-treated and untreated cells). Cellular viability analyzed by MTT method showed statistically significant differences (p
Evaluation of the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of homeopathic Candida albicans solutions
Authors: Paiva Juliana , Barbosa Gleyce , Homsani Fortune , Santos AndrÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â© Luis , Holandino Carla , Leitao Alvaro
Published: December 2021

Background: Candida spp is naturally found in humansÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ flora of skin, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and, in general, up to 75% of the population does not have any symptom [1]. However, oral candidiasis is very common among HIV patients and patients undergoing chemotherapy. The treatment of oral candidiasis is necessary once the disease causes discomfort and dysphagia, resulting in poor nutrition, slow recovery, and prolonged hospital stay [2,3]. Preliminary results obtained by our group with a new biotherapic prepared from Candida albicans (Candida 30x) showed a great potential to reduce the candida yeast adhesion rate when the epithelial cells were pre-treated. This study is currently being developed with the evaluation of mutagenic and genotoxic potentials of several homeopathic solutions.

Aims: The goal of this study was to assess the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of different homeopathic potencies of C. albicans.

Methodology: One part of C. albicans yeast obtained from Brazilian patientÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s blood [4] was diluted in 9 parts of sterile water. This sample was submitted to 100 mechanical succussions (approximately 3 Hz), using AuticÃƒâ€šÃ‚Â® Brazilian machine, originating the first dilution (1x). Then, 1 ml of this solution was diluted in 9 ml of solvent, submitted to 100 succussions, obtaining 2x potency. This procedure was successively repeated to obtain 30x potency, according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [5]. By the same technique, water vehicle was prepared until 30x to be used as control. All samples were prepared in sterile and aseptic conditions, using laminar flow cabinet, class II and were stored in the refrigerator (8Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂºC). The samples 1x, 6x, 12x, 18x, 24x and 30x of C. albicans and water 30x (vehicle control) were analysed by: the Inductest, which assesses the ability of physical or chemical agents to promote lysogenic induction as a reflection of damage in DNA molecules in lysogenic bacteria, and the Ames test, which uses indicator strains of Salmonella typhimurium, sensitive to substances that can induce different types of mutation.

Results: In the Inductest no decrease in survival fraction of bacteria and no increase in the formation of lysogenic induction were detected independently of the homeopathic potency employed. The same profile was obtained after the Ames test, with similar results to negative control.

Conclusion: Afterwards, we can conclude that these samples are not able to induce DNA damage in the cells tested. So, the use of this medicine does not present any side effects related to mutagenesis and genotoxicity.
Homeopathy for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in children
Authors: Garcia Cassia Virginia , Markoski Taiana
Published: December 2021

Background: Colic and diarrhea are among the most common gastrointestinal disorders in childhood, which manifest spontaneously and acute. The allopathic treatment consists, in most cases, in the administration of the association homatropine-dimethicone to relieve colic, and oral rehydration and loperamide in cases of diarrhea [1,2]. The ineffectiveness of the conventional treatment and the possible adverse effects they may cause have led to increase the demand from childrenÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢ parents for complementary and alternative therapies, and homeopathy can be one of the first choices in this disorders [3].

Aims: make a literature review evaluating the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment for colic and diarrhea in children, observing the relation between the main medicines prescribed in these disorders and their pathogenesis described in materia medica.

Methodology: a literature research was performed applying electronic database, including Medline, HomeoIndex, BIREME, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect in the period from September to December 2010.

Results: Data found indicate that few studies are available in the literature to prove the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines for colic and diarrhea in children, but the applicability of this therapeutic modality seems to be useful, safe and low cost, which are important factors for less favored communities. Besides, studies concerning diarrhea are more frequent, not only because of its gravity, but also for the duration, which makes more adequate the monitoring, on the contrary to acute colic. The most cited medicines were Chamomilla, Nux vomica, Arsenicum album and Mercurius solubilis.

Conclusions: Homeopathy can be an important source of colic and diarrhea relief. However, more investigations should be performed in order to show parents how valuable this kind of therapy can be to children and the whole family.
Analysis of in vitro activity of high dilutions of Euphorbia tirucalli L. in human melanoma cells
Authors: Da Silva Renata Macedo dos Reis Januário , Teixeira DulcinÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©ia Furtado , Sampaio AndrÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â© Luiz Franco , Leitao Aguiar Teresa Cristina Andrade
Published: December 2021

Aveloz (firestick cactus; Euphorbia tirucalli L.) belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, characterized by the production of a toxic latex that has corrosive effects on the skin and mucous membranes. Continual topic use of the latex is recommended by popular medicine to treat warts, and epitheliomas. To validate this indication, ultra diluted latex and homeopathic medicine Euphorbia tirucalli were tested in vitro on the proliferation of melanoma cells. Ultra diluted latex was prepared in homeopathic dilutions 5cH, 15cH and 30cH by dilution and agitation (trituration for solid and sucussion for liquid phases) using 70Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Âº GL (Gay Lussac) ethylic alcohol (70Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Âº GL EtOH 70Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂºGL) as inert medium according to the guidelines in FarmacopÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©ia Homeopática Brasileira (FHB). Homeopathic medicine Euphorbia tirucalli was prepared from mother-tincture according to the centesimal Hahnemannian method. Solutions 0.5% and 5% of 70Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂºGL EtOH were succussed and used as control. Human melanoma cells were cultured, treated and monitored by method MTT for 24 to 72 hours. It was observed that 0.5% 70Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ÂºGL EtOH solution had little or no effect on the proliferation of melanoma cells (5.1% maximal inhibition in dilution 30cH). Positive correlation was observed in most groups between inhibition of proliferation and diluted preparations, maximal increase (9%) was seen in with 5% latex. Moreover, mother-tincture proved to be more active than latex; treatment with 0.5% solution of latex 30cH exhibited 19.7% inhibition, whereas treatment with 0.5% solution of Euphorbia tirucalli 30cH exhibited 32.1% inhibition of cell proliferation (p
High dilutions of acetone affect the Avena sativa growth in vitro
Authors: Reis Bruno , Marques Rosimar Maria , Silva Hingrid Ariane da , Lolis Mayara AssumpÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â§ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â£o , Belato Kely Karina , Bonato Carlos Moacir
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Acetone is an organic solvent with molecular structure CH3(CO)CH3, its endogenous production in the animal body is called ketosis. The production of this compound increases with the fat. Acetone influences the lipid membrane, altering its fluidity and lipid composition [1], causing cell damage and leakage and can cause cell death. The use of herbicides in organic farming is not accepted by the Brazilian legislation [2]. So the weed control becomes a problem for organic farmers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the herbicide potential of high dilutions of acetone on Avena sativa L.

Materials and Methods: The preliminary tests were conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Homeopathy, State University of Maringá (UEM). The seeds of Avena sativa are placed in Petri dishes. Fitty seeds were germinated and grown in Petri dishes containing 15ml of high dilution of acetone and maintained at 25Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â°C Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â± 2 and 12h photoperiod. Acetone dilutions (6, 12, 18, 24 and 30cH) were obtained according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [3]. Were evaluated the shoot length (cm), total length (cm), fresh root (mg) and total dry mass (mg). The plants growth was measured after 7 days. The control consisted of distilled water. The experiment evaluated 4 replicates of each treatment and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and means were compared by Scott-Knott test (P ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Â°Ã‚Â¤ 0.05).

Results and Discussion: Dilutions 6, 24 and 30 cH inhibited the growth of the shoot and total seedling of A. sativa. The root fresh weight was significantly reduced by 4 dilutions (6,12,24 and 30x), with no difference of 24x compared to the control. The total dry mass of plants of A. sativa was reduced in all the dilutions studied, showing an inhibitory effect on growth of seedlings subjected to treatment. Somehow, acetone diluited inhibited the growth and accumulation of biomass of these seedlings, suggesting an imbalance in metabolism that resulted in a reduction in the variables values.

Conclusion: The results suggest that high dilutions acetone interfere on the growth and accumulation of biomass of A. sativa.
Analysis of the pharmaceutical care activities practiced by private homeopathic pharmacies located in Rio de Janeiro North Zone
Authors: Pacheco Daniele Osorio , Aguiar Tereza
Published: December 2021

The complexity of homeopathic treatment delegates to the Pharmacist the need and the responsibility of pharmaceutical care. This paper had the objective of verifying the practices of pharmaceutical care in homeopathy. The study was conducted in homeopathic pharmacies situated in Rio de Janeiro North Zone, during March and April, 2011, where 15 pharmacists were interviewed, with the help of a semi-open questionary self-administered. For the survey were investigated variables related to pharmaceutical: sex, age, nature of the institution where he graduated, having completed post-graduate and working ties. Information professionals for the pharmaceutical care were collected in 14 questions grouped into three areas: attitudes, perceptions and satisfaction. Attending the ethical aspects, the study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee of University Estácio de Sá. The results demonstrated that 33% of the pharmacists have less than 5 years of professional practice, and 53% are specialists graduated by the HahnemannÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s Institutite of Brasil. All Pharmacists claim to orient patients, mostly during dispensation and through phone contacts. Most pharmacists oriented patients passively and actively. The elderly were pointed as the ones, who most often sought orientation. During dispensation of homeopathic drugs, all patients elicit some orientation. 67% of the pharmacies keep material for pharmaceutical guidance to the patients, usually leaflets. The verbal and written orientation was predominanted on homeopathic pharmacist. Posology and instructions of use for the pharmaceutical form dispensed were described as the most common doubts of the patients. Of all pharmacists interviewed, 67% pointed to self-medication practices in the pharmacy. The questions which measure the position and perception of the pharmacists related to pharmaceutical assistance scored over 3. The question which scored higher was related to the patient trust regarding the pharmacist guidance. We concluded that there was a mobilization on the pharmacists side to overcome obstacles and focus on the patient through the practices of pharmaceutical care.
Therapeutic possibilities of Bothrops jararaca in high dilution
Authors: Nazareth Eduardo Costa Gaia , De Freitas Francisco JosÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The knowledge and use of the venom of Bothrops jararaca in high dilutions is still quite limited. One of the important properties is the use of one of its components, bradykinin, for the development of antihypertensive medication known as captopril. Other situations, such as clinical, local and systemic should receive more depth to the composition of Materia Medica related to various medical actions on the man and mammals in general. The systemic action of the bite of this snake, includes hemostasis disorders, culminating as bleeding gums, in addition to sweating, hypertension, and hypothermia. The action includes local pain and swelling with bruising, bleeding and often blistering and tissue necrosis. The action on the immune system, through action on the complement C3 and other complement components may show its possible use in cases of bacterial infections, including mycobacteria, as presented in the study of 1970 Vanessa Birdsey, "Interactions of poisons toxic with the addition, "the journal of Immunology 1971. Today, this poison has a toxicology published by Anibal Melgarejo, "Venomous Animals of Brazil", 2003, which subsidizes the development of study for its use in high dilutions, and a comprehensive study of the biology of the animal itself. Published studies on biomolecular analysis add more details about the relations of the poison and mammals. All these characteristics suggest the use of poison as a homeopathic remedy.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic possibilities in high dilutions of the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca, expanding its clinical use.

Methodology: Methodological description of this poison in contemporary bases including: Origin, physical description chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology and medicine in preparation of high dilution, general action, specific actions on systems or organs, sensations, modalities, concomitants, etiological indications relations main clinics.

Results: Defining the therapeutic indications such as modulation of the complement system, action on the cardiovascular system, among other uses, by Bothrops jararaca in high dilution.

Conclusion: This evaluation can be used for different sources of products and allows the rational use of Bothrops jararaca in high dilution. The results can and should be complemented by clinical studies and pathogenetic. Bacterial infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy, and autoimmune disease LES and may receive treatment studies with the drug based on Bothrops jararaca snake venom because they are indirectly associated with them via similarity of the failure of complement, an important marker for bacterial the defense of mammals. Action on clinical aspects like hypertension, sweating, hypothermia and necrosis shall be seen. Perhaps the search for the stimulation of complement show a new pathway for the harmonization, long-predicted by Hahnemann, Hering and searched for among the many that followed the creator of this therapy.
Seasonal variation of the effect of extremely diluted agitated gibberellic acid (10-30) on wheat stalk growth - a multi researcher study
Authors: Endler Peter Christian , Reich Christian , Matzer Wolfgang , Reischl Thomas , Hartmann Anna Maria , Thieves Karin , Pfleger Andrea , HofÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¤cker JÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¼rgen , Lothaller Harald , Scherer-Pongratz Waltraud
Published: December 2021

Control experiments were performed at different seasons of the year as a follow-up to pilot experiments [1] where a homeopathic high dilution of gibberellic acid had influenced growth in a wheat bio assay (7 days). Grains of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, Capo variety) were observed under the influence of extremely diluted gibberellic acid (10-30) prepared by stepwise dilution and agitation according to a protocol derived from homeopathy (ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œG30xÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â). Analogously prepared water was used for control (ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œW30xÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â). Following up on 5 pilot experiments (4 in autumn 2007, 1 in spring 2008), 10 experiments were performed (5 in autumn 2008 or 2009 and 5 in winter 2009 or 2010) with a total of 9 experiments in autumn season (5 researchers, about 9,000 grains), and 6 in winter/spring (4 researchers, about 6,000 grains).

Germination rates after 7 days were slightly higher for the autumn experiments (96.1%) than for the winter/spring experiments (94.8%) (p > 0,05), with a non significant trend of more seedlings having germinated in the verum group in the autumn experiments (p > 0,05). All of the 9 autumn experiments (i.e. pilot as well as repetition experiments) showed less stalk growth in the verum group (statistically significant with p < 0.01 in 4, with p < 0.05 in 3 cases, trend in 2 cases). Mean stalk lengths (mm) were 46.97 + 20.50 for the verum group and 50.66 + 19.77 for control (mean + S.D.) at grain level (N = 4,440 per group) and + 3.87 and + 3.38 (+ S.D.) respectively at dish level (217 cohorts of 20 or 25 grains per treatment group). In other words, verum stalk length (92.72%) was 7.28% smaller than control stalk length (100%). The effect size (D means : S.D.), calculated on the basis of dishes, was high (d = 1.02). In contrast, no reliable effect was found in experiments performed in winter/spring (less stalk growth in the verum group in one case, no difference in 2 cases, and more growth in 3 cases). Overall verum stalk length (103.64%) was slightly greater than control stalk length (100%). The effect size, however, was small (d = 0.45). The new data are in line with the 2007 findings, i.e. confirm that gibberellic acid 30x does influence stalk growth.
USING UAV-BASED 3D IMAGES OF INDIVIDUAL TREE SPECIES IN DISTANCE EDUCATION IN FORESTRY
Authors: Uçar Z. , Akay A. E.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Distance education has been offered for years, but the integration of technological developments and opportunities into education has recently increased its popularity and event it became an indispensable method during the Covid-19 pandemic period. In distance education, accessing all class materials such as lecture presentations, class notes, reading materials, videos, live chats or class hours, and archive records allow students (participants) to learn without being in the same environments with teachers or learners. Technology has made vast contributions to the field of education. For instance, 3D as a teaching tool for the class attracts students’ attention, makes the learning process more enjoyable, and increases participation. In particular, for the disciplines, such as forestry, earth, and environmental sciences, which require laboratory exercises, field observation, field trips, and in-situ measurements, 3D modeling has provided many benefits in distance education. It enables 3D demonstration of the individual tree species to develop a virtual field laboratory. This study focused on the data sources and techniques to generate a 3D model of the individual tree species that forestry students used for distance education. The capabilities of the method in the generation of 3D models were evaluated by using UAV-based SfM photogrammetry. The results indicated that implementing 3D images of individual tree species can be a promising method that may increase the interest, interaction and satisfaction of the students in distance education in forestry.
EVALUATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) DISTRIBUTIONS IN İZMIR USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR SMART CITIES APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ulutaş K. , Abujayyab S. K. M. , Karaş İ. R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this study, PM10 values from the air quality monitoring station in Izmir was evaluated. 9 stations could be used in this study, since PM10 data are suitable to evaluate for the years 2020-2019-2018. The 4-season and annual PM10 distribution map for 3 years was prepared using ArcGIS. The benefits of these maps to city managers in the smart city application were expressed. In addition, PM10 data of 9 stations were evaluated according to legal limit values. It was determined that Aliağa and Gaziemir stations exceeded the limit values more than other stations. It has been observed that different sources of air pollution such as industry, traffic and heating affect different districts. When the number of days exceeding the limit value and the number of days without measurement are evaluated together, it is seen that the limit values are exceeded by all stations.
USING ACTIVE LEARNING METHODOLOGIES IN AN INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS COURSE
Authors: CORBO ANNA REGINA , SASAKI DANIEL GUILHERME GOMES
Published: December 2021

In general, engineering students show little interest in the activities inherent in statistics subjects. This claim may be partly explained by the competition with other subjects in the first years of undergraduate courses, or by student perceived low attractiveness of the classes. In this context, several studies indicated that methodologies where the student is the protagonist of the learning process lead to greater engagement during the activities and better scores in the assessments. This work describes the use of active learning methodologies in an introductory probability and statistics course for Engineering classes at a Brazilian public institution. Two classes were monitored during one term: in the first one (control class) traditional lectures were used, in the second one (experimental class) three different active methodologies were applied, namely: Jigsaw, Peer Instruction and Think-Pair-Share. On the one hand, the results indicated slightly better performances in the experimental class, as well as an increase in attendance. On the other hand, dropout rates were similar in both classes. This study is part of a renewal proposal of the mathematics subjects, based on the use of active learning methodologies and the review of curricular content to meet current pedagogical demands.
Abstract: Portuguese
Em geral, os alunos de Engenharia demonstram pouco interesse nas atividades inerentes à disciplina de Estatística. Tal constatação pode ser em parte explicada pela concorrência com outras disciplinas do ciclo básico, ou ainda, pela pouca atratividade das aulas. Nesse contexto, diversos estudos apontam que metodologias onde o aluno é o protagonista do processo de aprendizagem acarretam maior engajamento durante as atividades e melhores escores nas avaliações. Este trabalho descreve o uso de metodologias de aprendizagem ativa em um curso introdutório de Probabilidade e Estatística para turmas de Engenharia, numa instituição pública brasileira. Duas turmas foram monitoradas ao longo de um semestre: na primeira, fez-se uso de aulas expositivas dialogadas (turma controle) e, na segunda, aulas com três metodologias ativas diferentes, a saber: Jigsaw, Peer Instruction e Think-Pair-Share (turma experimental). Os resultados indicam um desempenho acadêmico levemente melhor da turma experimental, assim como na frequência dessa turma. Por outro lado, a taxa de evasão manteve-se semelhante em ambas as turmas. Este estudo é parte de uma proposta de renovação para as disciplinas de cunho matemático da instituição, baseada no uso de metodologias de aprendizagem ativa e na revisão de conteúdos curriculares para atender às demandas pedagógicas atuais.
The Risk Calculation of Hazardous Zones Created By Flammable And Explosive Chemicals, LPG Tank Example
Authors: BÜYÜKKIDAN Bülent , GÜMÜŞ Hüseyin , USLU Ömer Ahmet
Published: December 2021

The determining of hazardous areas created by flammable and explosive chemicals is important to obtain a safe working environment. Taking precautions and prevent explosions require detailed investigations and accurate calculations instead of superficial and personal experience. In this context, possible leakages and leaks occurring around the LPG tank and its connections in a real enterprise were evaluated and the border of possible explosive atmosphere areas was calculated by the ALOAH program according to the TS 60079-10-1 standard. Based on the secondary discharge of the LPG from the bottom of the tank, the discharge characteristics were calculated as 4.946578 3.926692 m3/s at sonic and subsonic conditions respectively, and region radii, 10.8 m. The explosive atmosphere of the LPG tank was concluded that matched well the definition of Zone 2. The risk severity score of explosive atmospheres was calculated as 12 by using the risk assessment method of matrix system with approximations, possible in a week (3P), and the effect that could cause serious injury (4P). Serious threats and devastating effects were fictionalized clearly by explosion scenarios of the LPG tank. The calculations of explosive borders for flammable chemicals are necessary to prevent explosions, fires, and toxic effects of leaked chemicals by taking measurements on time. It is also necessary to calculate explosive areas and possible sceneries for each chemical separately for accurate results and effective control.
Impact of Population Age Structure on Food Consumption Structure of Residents in Beijing
Authors: Duan Lingyun , Yu Wen , Chen Wei
Published: December 2021

Based on the Beijing panel data from 1990 to 2019, this paper expands the traditional Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model by introducing the nutritional needs indicators by age structure and quantitatively analyzes the structure and characteristics of household food consumption in Beijing. The study estimates and compares the income elasticity, price elasticity, nutritional demand elasticity of food consumption structure, and the per capita food consumption in Beijing is predicted. The results show that commodity prices and income are still the key factors affecting consumer demand. The change in the population's age structure also has a corresponding impact on the consumption structure. The consumption structure of Beijing is in the stage of optimization, and relevant departments should formulate relevant policies to increase farmers' income and stabilize prices.
Implementation of the proportionality test during the search process and the collection of evidence
Authors:   Moldova State University, Vizdoaga Domnita
Published: December 2021

As a means of collecting materials, the search and seizure of objects and documents is of undeniable importance in criminal evidence, providing valuable data that serve to establish the existence or non-existence of the crime, to identify the perpetrator, to establish guilt and other circumstances essential to the just settlement of the case. The present study, in the light of the proportionality test, reflects on the application of several evidentiary procedures, based on multiple criteria, in particular, the assessment of the reasonable doubt, the proportionality between the evidentiary procedure used and the degree of the incriminated deed; the relevance of the materials collected as a result of the evidentiary procedure and the excessive use of force, in carrying out the search.
Signs of the concept of „conflict of interest” in the judicial practice of Ukraine
Authors:   National Academy of the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, Zahynei-Zabolotenko Zoia , Demiak Pavlo ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

This article is about the problem of understanding the concept „conflict of interest” and its characteristics in the legal positions of Administrative Court of Cassation as a part of Supreme Court of Ukraine. From the article we can understand that these legal positions touch the correct definition of characteristics of private interest, potential and real conflict of interest, finding out people who are subordinated to a person who is authorized to perform state or local self-government functions, and it can causes potential or real conflict of interest. These legal positions can be used in bringing the guilty persons to administrative responsibility under the Code of Administrative Offenses.
Sea as a Multi-Meaning Symbol in Edgar Poe’s Poetry
Authors: Ebralidze Lela
Published: December 2021

The present article aims at determining the symbolic meaning of sea in Edgar Poe’s poetry. It deals with the essence of symbolism and symbols and is focused on Edgar Poe’s contribution to symbolism as literary movement, as well as different symbols used in his poems. From a great number of symbols sea has been selected as a less-studied and multiple-meaning symbol. It has been examined in view of the traditional associations connected with it, also its usage in the Bible, mythology and literatures of different epochs. The article contains analysis of several poems by Edgar Poe where sea symbolizes very different things. It has been stressed that since Poe’s works reflected his tragic life, the poet employed numerous symbols to express his own emotions, sea being one of them. In different poems, this symbol expresses the feelings that are very different and sometimes diametrically opposed to each other, and, respectively, acquires different meanings. With several other factors, its being a multi-meaning symbol became the main reason for choosing sea as an object of study.
A Descriptive Study on the Clinical Correlates of Conversion Disorder
Authors: K Ronald Roy
Published: December 2021

Aim: Conversion disorder is defined by the presence of deficits affecting the voluntary motor or sensory functions lacking any known neurological cause. The aim of the study is to describe the sociodemographic profile and clinical characteristics including the frequency distribution of various types of presentations of patients with conversion disorders in a tertiary care psychiatric facility and to assess the presence of depression and anxiety and its level of severity in those patients.
Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 50 consecutive patients who had met with the ICD-10 diagnosis criteria for conversion disorder and those who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were enrolled for the study. They were interviewed using a semi-structured Performa and were administered Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the results were analysed using SPSS software and interpreted.
Results: Majority of the study patients were young adolescents (48%), females (76%), rural residents (60%), mostly unmarried (46%). Dissociative motor disorders (30%) were the most common presentation followed by mixed dissociative disorder (26%) and Dissociative convulsions (22%). HAD scale revealed that, both depression and anxiety scores were significantly high in major number of patients.
Conclusion: The most common presenting symptom was that of dissociative motor type followed by dissociative convulsions with considerably high rates of depression (48%) and anxiety (54%). This made us to conclude that conversion as a phenomenon emerges to uphold its significance as a non-verbal communication process of the subconscious Mind.

Keywords: Conversion, Dissociation, Hysteria, Dissociative Motor Disorder, Dissociative Convulsions, Laterality, Depression, Anxiety.
Factors Affecting Individual Taxpayers on the Individual Taxpayers’ Annual Tax Return Reporting with Tax Sanctions as Moderating Variables at Pratama Medan Barat Tax Office
Authors: Wahyuni Neni , Yahya Idhar , . Sirojuzilam
Published: December 2021

This study aims to empirically prove the effect of taxation knowledge, tax supervision, tax socialization, taxpayer awareness, and quality of tax services on individual taxpayers' annual tax return reporting with tax sanctions as a moderating variable. Respondents in this study were 100 individual taxpayers registered at Pratama West Medan. The sampling technique in this research is using the purposive sampling technique. The data used are primary. The data analysis tool used is SEM-PLS.
The study results indicate that tax knowledge and tax service quality significantly affect reporting individual taxpayers' annual tax returns at the Pratama Medan Barat Tax Office. Tax sanctions are able to moderate the effect of taxation socialization on the reporting of the annual tax return of individual taxpayers at the Pratama Medan Barat Tax Office. However, it cannot moderate the effect of tax knowledge, tax supervision, taxpayer awareness and quality of tax services on the reporting of individual taxpayers' annual tax returns at the Pratama Medan Barat Tax Office.

Keywords: tax knowledge, tax control, tax socialization, tax awareness, tax service quality, tax sanction, individual taxpayers' annual tax return reporting.
Nouvelles technologies : un levier d’amélioration de gouvernance d’entreprises en contexte Camerounais
Authors: NGUEFACK Pierre Juselin , TATANG ATABONFACK Pulchérie Léonie , DJATANG YAWOUO Thierry joel , NYASSEU Emma Joachim
Published: December 2021

Les nouvelles technologies engendrent un potentiel énorme pour améliorer la vie et la survie des entreprises en général et des personnes dans les pays en développement en particulier. L’objectif de cette étude est de mesurer l’effet des nouvelles technologies sur la gouvernance des entreprises au Cameroun. Pour atteindre notre objectif, nous avons eu recours d’une part, à une démarche hypothético-déductive, l’échantillonnage par choix raisonné et d’autre part, à une régression logistique pour tester les hypothèses de la recherche. Les résultats obtenus auprès d’un échantillon de 90 entreprises ayant le statut de SA et SARL relèvent d’abord que les nouvelles technologies (utilisation des visioconférences, et la mise en réseaux des ordinateurs) ont des effets positifs et statistiquement significatifs non seulement sur la fréquence des réunions du conseil d’administration mais aussi sur la présence des investisseurs institutionnels. Cependant, leur influence est plutôt négative et statistiquement significative sur la durée de mission de l’audit externe.
The Effect of Using Small Group Discussions Through Zoom Breakout Room to Increase the Frequency of Individual Speaking Participation in the Speaking Courses
Authors: Nisa Lulu Zahrotun , Prameswari Taqiya Nabila , Alawiyah Yayah Izzah
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the small group discussion method via breakout room zoom may boost student individual engagement in order for them to be more active and confident in learning speaking. This research study used a qualitative method with applied video analysis and questioners' perceptions of students as instruments. The findings found 17 active participants in the observation speaking class and 35 participants preferred small group discussions using the breakout room zoom application, with the majority preferring small group discussions because it helped them to be more active and confident. This method can also boost their confidence for more active participation for individual speaking in class, and they believe that small group discussions via breakout room zoom are the most effective way to deal with a pandemic.
Development of “Impurities Profiling” by using Morden Analytical Techniques: A Review
Authors: H. Patel Mansi , M. Jadav Divya , Dalwadi Mitali , gajre Ritika , shah Chainesh , Upadhyay U. M.
Published: December 2021

Impurities in medicine formulation aren't acceptable. It's defined as any undesired compounds or organic material found in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Impurity are some things that's impure or makes something else impure. Even in minute amounts, the presence of those undesirable compounds might affect the efficacy and safety of medicinal medicines. Impurities don't always need to be inferior.