bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengawasan Terhadap Pengelolaan Keuangan BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Prinsip Akuntabilitas
Authors: Samuel Partogi Siahaan
Published: October 2022

AbstractBPJS Kesehatan is a major breakthrough in institutional development that has an impact on people's welfare, especially in the health sector. The government has been trying for years to implement policies and regulations in order to achieve the goals of the National Health Insurance. In order to run optimally, it requires consideration of many aspects, especially supervision considering the scope of BPJS Kesehatan which covers the total number of Indonesian people. For this reason, the aspect of supervision, especially in the field of financial management, is a vital aspect because it is related to the lives of many people. This aspect of financial management can be studied from various principles aimed at achieving an accountable planning and implementation mechanism. Based on the principle of accountability in the financial management of BPJS Health, the supervisory agency has the authority to provide input in the form of criticism or suggestions in order to achieve the ideals of the National Health Insurance.Keywords: Supervision; BPJS Kesehatan Financial Management; Accountability Principle.
AbstrakBPJS Kesehatan merupakan sebuah terobosan besar dalam perkembangan kelembagaan yang berdampak untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat, khususnya dalam bidang Kesehatan. Pemerintah bertahun-tahun lamanya berupaya melakukan kebijakan dan pengaturan agar tercapai tujuan dari Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. Agar dapat berjalan dengan maksimal dibutuhkan pertimbangan dari banyak aspek khususnya pengawasan mengingat ruang lingkup BPJS Kesehatan yang mencakup total jumlah masyarakat Indonesia. Untuk itu aspek pengawasan khususnya dalam bidang pengelolaan keuangan menjadi aspek vital karena berkaitan dengan hajat hidup orang banyak. Aspek pengelolaan keuangan tersebut dapat dikaji dari berbagai macam prinsip yang bertujuan tercapainya mekanisme perencanaan serta pelaksanaan yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Berdasarkan prinsip akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan keuangan BPJS Kesehatan, Lembaga pengawas memiliki wewenang agar dapat memberikan masukan berupa kritik ataupun saran guna tercapainya cita-cita Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional.Kata Kunci: Pengawasan; Pengelolaan Keuangan BPJS Kesehatan; Prinsip Akuntabilitas.
Pertanggungjawaban Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang yang Menjadi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika
Authors: Taris Luthfansyah
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of globalization creates many serious crime problems, one of which is the crime of trafficking in persons. The crime of trafficking in persons is a contemporary slavery and violation of human rights. The crime of trafficking in persons is closely related to narcotics crimes, this can be seen in the free circulation of narcotics Victims of trafficking in persons are exploited to distribute narcotics to various regions and countries. Narcotics dealers use victims of trafficking in persons to be free from punishment in the event of an arrest in the delivery of the narcotics. That way the victims of the crime of trafficking in persons will receive the legal consequences of their actions. Whereas in Article 18 of Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, it is stated that victims of the crime of trafficking in persons cannot be punished.Keywords: Human Trafficking; Narcotics; Article 18 of the PTPPO Law.
AbstrakFenomena globalisasi membuat banyak permasalahan kejahatan yang cukup serius, salah satunya adalah tindak pidana perdagangan orang. Tindak pidana perdagangan orang merupakan perbudakan masa kini dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Tindak pidana perdagangan orang sangat berkaitan dengan tindak pidana narkotika, hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada peredaran bebas narkotika. Pelaku bandar narkotika menggunakan tindak pidana perdagangan orang untuk mengedarkan narkotika. Para korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang dieksploitasi unutuk mendistribusikan narkotika ke berbagai daerah dan negara. Pelaku bandar narkotika menggunakan korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang agar terbebas dari hukuman apabila terjadi penangkapan dalam pengiriman narkotika tersebut. Dengan begitu para korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang yang akan menerima akibat hukum dari perbuatanya. Padahal dalam pasal 18 Undang-Undang No.21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang menyebutkan bahwa korban dari tindak pidana perdagangan orang tidak dapat dipidana.Kata Kunci: Perdagangan Orang; Narkotika; Pasal 18 UU PTPPO.
Loss of HER2 in breast cancer: biological mechanisms and technical pitfalls
Authors: Morganti Stefania , Ivanova Mariia , Ferraro Emanuela , Ascione Liliana , Vivanet Grazia , Bonizzi Giuseppina , Curigliano Giuseppe , Fusco Nicola , Criscitiello Carmen
Published: October 2022

Loss of HER2 in previously HER2-positive breast tumors is not rare, occurring in up to 50% of breast cancers; however, clinical research and practice underestimate this issue. Many studies have reported the loss of HER2 after neoadjuvant therapy and at metastatic relapse and identified clinicopathological variables more frequently associated with this event. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms underlying HER2 loss are still poorly understood. HER2 downregulation, intratumoral heterogeneity, clonal selection, and true subtype switch have been suggested as potential causes of HER2 loss, but translational studies specifically investigating the biology behind HER2 loss are virtually absent. On the other side, technical pitfalls may justify HER2 loss in some of these samples. The best treatment strategy for patients with HER2 loss is currently unknown. Considering the prevalence of this phenomenon and its apparent correlation with worse outcomes, we believe that correlative studies specifically addressing HER2 loss are warranted.
Maqashid Al Shariah in Economic Development: Theoretical Review of Muhammad Umer Chapra's Thoughts
Authors: Kusnan  , Osman Muhammad Damar Hulan bin , Khalilurrahman
Published: October 2022

Muhammad Umer Chapra is among leading experts in Islamic economics. He published many well-known books, such as The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective, which reconstructed Ibn Khaldun's classical thinking and aimed to direct how the economic development of a country should be carried out. He also published a research paper entitled “The Islamic Vision of Development in the Light of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīảh” as formulation on how to implement goals of shariah in economic development or maqashid al shariah. Muamalah activities, such as economic development, cannot be separated from the context of maqashid al shariah. This study aims to analyze whether the theory constructed by Chapra follows the principles of maqashid al shariah as proposed by other Muslim scholars: Al-Shatibi and Jasser Auda. Furthermore, it also analyzes Chapra’s thoughts with correspondence to five fiqh legal maxims or qawaidh fiqhiyah. This study applied traditional or narrative review as a method of analysis. The results show that Chapra’s thoughts aligned with maqashid al shariah as proposed by Al-Shatibi and Jasser Auda and with the five fiqh legal maxims.
Detection of Fish Pathogens in Freshwater Aquaculture Using eDNA Methods: A Review
Authors: Bohara Kailash , Yadav Amit K. , Joshi Pabitra
Published: October 2022

Organisms release their nucleic acid in the environment including the DNA and RNA which can be used to detect their presence. eDNA/eRNA techniques are being used in different sectors to identify organisms from soil, water, air, and ice since long. The advancement in technology led to easier detection of different organisms without impacting the environment and the organism itself. These methods are being employed in different areas including surveillance, history, and conservation. eDNA and eRNA methods are being extensively used in aquaculture and fisheries setting to understand the presence of different fish species and pathogens in water. However, there are some challenges associated with the reliability of the results because of the degradation of nucleic acid by several factors. In aquaculture there are several diseases and parasites detected with these methods. In this review we discuss different aquaculture diseases and parasites detected with eDNA/eRNA approach and the fate of these nucleic acids when subjected to different water quality and environmental parameters. This review intends to help the researcher about the potential of eDNA/eRNA based detection of pathogens in aquaculture; this will be useful to predict the potential outbreak before it occurs. Along with that this paper intends to make people understand several factors that degrade and can hamper the detection of these nucleic acids.
Wild-type N-Ras Complements Mutant K-Ras in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines but K-Ras has a Specific Role in Cell Cycle Independent Regulation of G2 Cyclins
Authors: Ferguson Robert , Aughton Karen , Evans Anthony , Shaw Victoria , Armstron Jane , Ware Adam , Bennett Laura , Costello Eithne , Greenhalf William
Published: October 2022

Development of K-Ras independence may explain failure of targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC). In this paper active N as well as K-Ras was shown in all human cell lines tested. In a cell line dependent on mutant K-Ras, it was shown that depleting K-Ras reduced total Ras activity, while cell lines described as independent had no significant decline in total Ras activity. Knockdown of N-Ras showed it had an important role in controlling the relative level of oxidative metabolism but only K-Ras depletion caused a decrease in G2 cyclins, proteasome inhibition reversed this and other targets of APC/c were also decreased by K-Ras depletion. K-Ras depletion did not cause an increase in ubiquitinated G2 cyclins but instead caused exit from G2 phase to slow relative to completion of S-phase, suggesting mutant K-Ras may inhibit APC/c prior to anaphase but stabilizes G2 cyclins independently of this. We propose that during tumorigenesis, cancer cells expressing wild type N-Ras protein are selected because the protein protects cancer cells from the deleterious effects of cell cycle independent induction of cyclins by mutant K-Ras. Mutation independence results when N-Ras activity becomes adequate to drive cell division even in cells where K-Ras is inhibited. Keywords: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, K-Ras, N-Ras, G2 cyclins.
Differential Expression of Insulin Resistance Genes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Fazliana Mansor , Ahmad Zamri Liyana , Khan Hanifullah
Published: October 2022

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder worldwide among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic abnormalities. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of its most important clinical features, associated with metabolic disorders and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to explore the whole blood gene expression profiling related to IR in PCOS patients compared to controls. Methods Blood RNA was extracted from 5 PCOS and 5 non-PCOS women with matched age and BMI. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to estimate the IR. The expression of IR genes was analyzed by Profiler PCR array. Results Both groups have similar levels of HOMA-IR (p>0.05). However, differential expression levels were observed between them. Fourteen genes were upregulated and 26 genes were downregulated in PCOS samples. Among the upregulated genes (>2 fold-change, p-value<0.05) are ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, OLR, IGF-1, and APOE. Downregulated genes (>-2 fold-change, p-value<0.05) include HK-2, IRS1, and SERPINE1. These genes are involved in insulin and adipokines signaling, commonly dysregulated in T2D. They are also involved in innate immunity and inflammatory processes and are essential for lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusion Our finding suggests that despite both groups having no difference in IR level, there are differentially expressed genes involved in the IR pathway.
MERP: A Dataset of Emotion Ratings for Full-Length Musical Songs with Profile Information of Raters
Authors: Koh Enyan , Cheuk Kin Wai , Heung Kwan Yee , Agres Kat R , Herremans Dorien
Published: October 2022

Music is capable of conveying many emotions. The level and type of emotion of the music perceived by a listener, however, is highly subjective. In this study, we present the Music Emotion Recognition with Profile information dataset (MERP). This database was collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and features dynamical valence and arousal ratings of 54 selected full-length songs. The dataset contains music features, as well as user profile information of the annotators. The songs were selected from the Free Music Archive using an innovative method (a Triple Neural Network with the OpenSmile toolkit) to identify 50 songs with the most distinctive emotions. Specifically, the songs were chosen to fully cover the four quadrants of the valence arousal space. Four additional songs were selected from DEAM to act as a benchmark in this study and filter out low quality ratings. A total of 277 participants participated in annotating the dataset, and their demographic information, listening preferences, and musical background were recorded. We offer an extensive analysis of the resulting dataset, together with a baseline emotion prediction model based on a fully connected model and an LSTM model, for our newly proposed MERP dataset.
Analisis Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) pada Saham Sektor Kesehatan sebagai Sektor Bertumbuh di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Rasyad Muhammad Iffadel
Published: October 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 membuat perilaku masyarakat berubah, dari yang awalnya mengeluarkan banyak uang menjadi lebih giat menabung. Pandemi ini pun meningkatkan minat masyarakat berinvestasi seiring dengan kemauan untuk kesejahteraan finansial. Berdasarkan data KSEI peningkatan jumlah investor ini enam kali lipat lebih banyak dibandingkan akhir tahun 2017. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) merupakan model yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat pengembalian yang diharapkan di pasar yang seimbang. Tujuan utama CAPM adalah untuk membantu investor dalam membuat pilihan saham yang optimal juga menghindari risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pendekatan CAPM dalam membuat pilihan investasi saham sektor kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan sektor kesehatan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode Maret 2020 hingga Februari 2022. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, 18 saham sektor kesehatan memiliki rata-rata return yang positif, 17 saham termasuk dalam kategori saham efisien, dan 1 saham termasuk dalam kategori saham tidak efisien. Ketika return saham melebihi tingkat pengembalian yang diharapkan, maka saham tersebut dianggap efisien.
PENGARUH LEVERAGE, INTENSITAS PERSEDIAAN, DEWAN KOMISARIS, DAN KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PAJAK
Authors: Christanti Inviolita  , Zirman  , Devi Safitri
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leverage, intensitas persediaan, dewan komisaris, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap manajemen pajak. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selain sektor keuangan periode 2017 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 252. Pengumpulan data dengan dokumentasi dari laporan keuangan serta laporan tahunan. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji asumsi klasik, analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa leverage, intensitas persediaan, dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh terhadap manajemen pajak, sedangkan dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen pajak
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NIAT BELI DAN KESEDIAAN MEMBAYAR HARGA PREMIUM UNTUK GREEN SKINCARE
Authors: Seilatu Novan Yonatan , Osly Usman  , Ika Febrilia
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh signfikan1) social media influencer terhadap consumer purchase intention, 2) environmental consciousness terhadap consumer purchase intention, 3) consumer innovativeness terhadap consumer purchase intention, 4) consumer purchase intention terhadap willingness to pay premium Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan survei dengan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online. Objek penelitian ini adalah responden pengguna rutin skincare dan sedang mempertimbangkan  untuk membeli green skincare serta responden merupakan warga DKI Jakarta. Terdapat 272 responden yang dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 26 dan SEM (Structural Equation Model) dari software AMOS versi 26 untuk mengelola data dan menganalisis data hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan hipotesisnya menunjukkan bahwa seluruh hipotesis diterima dan signifikan.
The effect of leverage and liquidity on the value of the firm with age as a moderating variable on companies in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Wastam Wahyu
Published: October 2022

This study aimed  to examine  whether there is an effect of leverage and liquidity on the value of the firm with age as moderating variable in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The sample in the study was 15 companies for 5 years. The data analysis used in this study was carried out quantitatively, with Statistical Product and Service Solutions-23. The results of this study prove that partially leverage has a negative and significant effect on the value of the firm, liquidity ratios have no impact on the value of the firm, age is proven to moderate the leverage ratio to the value of the firm, and age is not proven to mediate the liquidity ratio to the value of the firm. Based on the coefficient of determination that the leverage ratio and the liquidity ratio affect the value of the firm by 81.7%. For comparison, the remaining 18.3% is influenced by other models of variables from.
English Skill of Traditional Transportation Drivers in Malioboro Yogyakarta
Authors: Na'imah Na'imah
Published: October 2022

English skills are very important for traditional transportation drivers in Malioboro Yogyakarta. This research analyzes the latest facts about the English skills of traditional transportation drivers in Malioboro Yogyakarta, barriers to mastering English, and their impact. The subject of this research is the traditional driver transportation (pedicab and andong) in the tourist area of Malioboro. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that : (1) the English ability of traditional transportation drivers in Malioboro is still low (2) The inhibiting factors in mastering English are low economy, old age, limited time, low literacy, low education, no training Free English from the government (3) The impact of the inability to communicate in English well is difficulty in making agreement on service rates and less than optimal service delivery.
NEOICHNOLOGY OF AMPHIBIOUS ARTHROPODS: EFFECTS OF SUBAQUEOUS AND SUBAERIAL SUBSTRATE CONDITIONS ON TRACE MORPHOLOGY
Authors: DEVINE L.K. , MINTER N.J.
Published: October 2022

Neoichnology, the study of the traces of extant organisms, provides a vital tool for better understanding trace fossils. We conducted neoichnological experiments to test hypotheses regarding producers and the effects of substrate conditions on trace fossils produced by aquatic to amphibious arthropods. Our experiments comprised two protocols: subaerial and subaqueous substrates; and we utilized five arthropods: fully aquatic ostracods (Ostracoda indet.), to amphibious horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus), shore crabs (Carcinus maenas), and scarlet hermit crabs (Paguristes cadenati), and the largely terrestrial sea slaters (Ligia oceanica). The different arthropods were observed performing locomotory, resting/stationary, and feeding behaviors, which all resulted in different traces influenced by the substrate conditions and their preference for living in and out of water. In general, trace depth increased with arthropod mass and, for each individual arthropod except the scarlet hermit crab, trace depth was also greater in subaerial compared to subaqueous substrates. In the majority of cases, comparisons with selected trace fossils supported previous hypotheses as to their producers. The traces of horseshoe crabs, shore crabs, sea slaters, and ostracods resembled the ichnotaxa Kouphichnium, Laterigradus, Pterichnus, and Mermia, respectively. Other experimental work has shown hermit crabs produce traces similar to Coenobichnus and our results further increase the range of trace morphologies that can be attributed to hermit crabs. The results of this research have bearing on debates in ichnology where the interpretation of producers and substrate conditions at the time of trace formation are critical, such as the trace fossil evidence for the colonization of land.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Aluminum Incorporated with Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Awan Rohan Asif , siraj Khurram , Haq Sami ul , Abbas Qamar , Rahim Muhammad Shahzad Abdul , Younas Qaneeta , Fareed Sana , Ahsan Rabia , Ahmad Zubair , Irshad Muneeb , Latif Anwar
Published: October 2022

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy is a promising spectroscopic technique with a vast spectrum of applications in fields concerned with identification and detection of elements. But it faces some limitations due to self-absorption, noise due to matrix effect and line broadening resulting in low emission signal. This research proposes LIBS signal enhancement by incorporation of metal nanoparticles (Cu, Mg, Au) on Al surface and compares their effect. The successful optical emissions enhancement is achieved as the emission intensities of Al- and Na- lines of three coated samples are compared with those of uncoated Al. The Electron Temperature has been evaluated by Boltzmann plot and an increase in Electron Temperature has been observed with the incorporation of nanoparticles to the aluminum surface as compared to the untreated aluminum, due to more plasma emissions. The Electron Number Density of the aluminum plasma did not have much effect with the incorporation of Nanoparticles. The Local Thermal Equilibrium condition has been satisfied and checked by Mc Whirter’s Criterion. The incorporation of metal nanoparticles can be declared as an effective method not only for LIBS signal enhancement but also better detection of trace elements which were not observed without the use of Nanoparticles.
Leaching of phthalates from Plastic packaging into Fruit Juices marketed in Pakistan and their risk assessment
Authors: Razzaque Noshad , Talpur Farah Naz , Afridi Hassan Imran , Abbasi Mehr Un-Nissa , Kunbhar Sobia , Chandio Zaheer
Published: October 2022

Phthalate esters (PAEs) also known as plasticizers, are used to improve flexibility in a variety of food packaging, including plastic containers, beverage bottles, and bags. PAEs are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that can have serious consequences on human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the leaching of PAEs from plastic packaging into several juice brands (n = 225), including citrus fruit juices, berry fruit and mixed fruit juices, and stone fruit juices. To clean the juices, a silica gel-packed column was used. In addition, plastic bottles were characterized by FTIR, which confirms the presence of PAEs by evaluating the aromatic esters and C-H wagging peaks at 1713 cm-1 and 722 cm-1 respectively. Furthermore, DSC analysis of juice bottles revealed distinct Tg and Tm values for juice bottles that are amorphous. All of the liquids were acidic, with pH levels ranging from 2.25 to 3.73. According to chromatographic analyses, mixed fruit juices had the most PAEs leaching (71.93g/L), followed by strawberry juices (31.35 g/L), citrus fruit juices (20.64 g/L), and fleshy fruit juices (18.61g/L). Different PAEs such as DPrP, DiBP, DPeP, DCHP, BBzP, DEHP, and DOP were validated by GC-MS. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the PAEs from fruit juices ranged from 0.087 to 0.543 µg/kg/bw. Non-carcinogenic risks concerning PAEs in juices were found to be within safe levels (less than one). DEHP in fruit juices exhibited the potential carcinogenic effects on humans.
High-resolution Meniscus Multi-Focusing Compound Eye by negative pressure forming technology
Authors: Liu Yongshun , Feng Xin , Dong Junyu , Yu Yongjian , Xing Yi , Shu Fengfeng , Peng Lanxin , Wu Yihui
Published: October 2022

Aiming at the problem of preparing high-resolution compound eye, this paper proposes a multi-focal length meniscus compound eye based on MEMS negative pressure molding technology. The aperture is increased while the large field angle of view of 101.14° is obtained, and the ommatidia radius of each stage is gradually increased from 250 µm to 440 µm. A meniscus structure is used to improve the imaging quality of the marginal compound eye, so that the resolution of the compound eye can reach 36.00 lp/mm. The prepared microlenses have a uniform shape and a smooth surface, and we realize panoramic image stitching and moving object tracking. The related technologies have great application potential in the fields of automatic driving, machine vision, medical endoscopy, etc.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of sintilimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for the first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Ran , Nie Xuyang , Gao Shengnan , Liu Guoqiang
Published: October 2022

Background
Recent clinical trials have illustrated the superior efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab combined with chemotherapy vs. Chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in China.
Method
A partitioned survival model was developed to compare the lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years of different treatment regimens. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to verify the robustness of the model results.
Results
Compared with chemotherapy alone, the sintilimab combination strategy resulted in an additional 0.58 quality-adjusted life years. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $14,967.31/quality-adjusted life years, lowering the willingness-to-pay threshold ($37,663.26). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that sintilimab + chemotherapy was more cost-effective for patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case analysis results.
Conclusion
The sintilimab combination strategy is a cost-effective option for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in China.
Salivary Levels of Opg and Rankl During Orthodontic Tooth Movement—a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Naoumova Julia , Olofsson Richard , Almståhl Annica , Cevik-Aras Hülya
Published: October 2022

Background and objective: Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) perform functions in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activation. This novel approach aims to monitor continuous changes in OPG and RANKL levels in the saliva during two years of OTM.
Material and methods: Nine healthy females (15-20 years of age) were included in this prospective longitudinal pilot study. All patients had crowding requiring four premolar extractions and fixed appliances in both jaws. In total, 134 stimulated and 134 unstimulated saliva samples were collected: before tooth extractions (baseline), and then every 6-8 weeks at follow-up appointments during the whole treatment period of two years. All saliva samples were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean levels of OPG and RANKL were calculated according to the different orthodontic treatment stages: alignment, space closure and finishing. A mixed model analysis was used to compare the means of treatment stages.
Results: RANKL was not detectable either in stimulated or unstimulated saliva. OPG levels were measured in stimulated saliva due to low levels in unstimulated saliva. A significant increase in OPG was observed at all treatment stages: alignment, space closure and finishing compared with baseline (p = 0.002, p = 0.039, p = < 0.001, respectively). A small non-significant decrease was seen in space closure compared with alignment. OPG reached peak levels during the finishing stage.
Conclusions: The salivary levels of OPG increased gradually, except during space closure, reaching peak levels at the finishing stage. This novel approach shows the changes in the levels of OPG in OTM and indicates how and when to sample saliva during orthodontic treatment to analyse bone remodelling.
Ultra-flexible trilaminar aramid fiber based ANF(Ag/Fe3O4-CNT/rGO) hybrid membrane for high- performance electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Gu Xinwang , Qin Hongmei , Dong Dandan , Wang Caihong , Lu Shengjun , Zhang Yufei , Fan Haosen , Xu Jian
Published: October 2022

With the proliferation of modern integrated electronic and telecommunication systems, high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with flexibility, outstanding thermal conductive properties and superior EMI shielding performances are designed to solve the problems of electromagnetic radiation and heat accumulation. Herein, flexible asymmetric trilaminar architecture film with good mechanical properties is prepared via the facile three-step vacuum-assisted filtration (VAF) followed by hot-pressing approach, which is composed of silver-plated aramid nanofibers (ANF-Ag), ANF- Fe3O4&CNT (ANF-FC) and ANF-reduced graphene oxide (ANF-rGO) layers. The conductive ANF-Ag and ANF-rGO layers acted as the EMI shielding, thermal conductive layers, and supporting substrate layers. The magnetic ANF-FC layer played the role in synergistically enhancing the EMI shielding performance. The resultant flexible and asymmetric trilaminar hybrid membrane exhibited maximum thermal conductivity of 8.5 W·m-1K-1 and EMI SE of 67.5 dB, but also maintained a high tensile strength of 75.5 MPa and superb electrical conductivity of 2.46×106 S/m. This asymmetric trilaminar structures film holds great promise to addresses issues of electromagnetic radiation and heat accumulation for personal smart electronic devices, wearable electronics, electronic telecommunication systems.
Screening game in plant–pollinator interactions: compound screening mechanism in flower morphology of Delphinium caeruleum
Authors: Hou Qin-Zheng , Ehmet Nurbiye , Shao Wen-Juan , Yang Guang , Zhang Yi-Ping , Sun Kun
Published: October 2022

The screening mechanism is an important component of the screening game between plants and pollinators, and also as a theoretical framework for understanding the maintenance and drivers of co-evolution by animals and plants. However, the composite screening mechanism in plants from biomechanical and morphological perspectives was seldomly studied. In this study, we measured the insects and flower traits in different populations of Delphinium caeruleum, and compared the operative strength of staminodes with the strength that insects were capable of exerting, as well as the length of the nectar spur and proboscis in insects. The results showed that the flower traits, insect species, visitor frequency, and efficiency differed among three population. The strength and proboscis length of the insect visitors matched with the operative strength of staminodes and the nectar spur length, whereas the opposite was found for non-visitors. Our results demonstrate that Delphinium caeruleum can screen for efficient pollinator insects through a complex mechanism based on a combination of length screening and biomechanical screening. Pollinators contribute significantly to promoting both the convergence and divergence of flower characteristics, which may be a consequence of plants adapting to local pollinators.
Breadcrumb-inspired Construction of LM@BN Core-shell Microparticles for Highly Thermal Conductive Elastomeric Composites with Excellent Flexibility and Stability
Authors: Wang Zhijian , Li Jingchao , Ye Neng , Zhang Huan , Yang Dan , Lu Yonglai
Published: October 2022

The rapid development of wearable electronics urges for flexible thermal management materials with higher service performance and stability of operation under high-complexity environmental stresses. A liquid metal embedded elastomer (LMEE) offers a combined solution with both high flexibility and thermal conductivity to heat dissipation of wearable electronics. But the potential leakage of the liquid metal (LM) in LMEE under external force severely limits the application of LMEE in the field of flexible thermal management. Inspired by a traditional Chinese snack, "fried milk", we herein modify the two-dimensional boron nitride (BN) by thiolation, so as to develop LM@BN core-shell particles through the formation of a protective layer around micron-sized LM particles using thiol-metal interactions, before the flexible thermal management material with high stability is finally prepared by the combination between the LM@BN particles and a silicone rubber elastomer. The results demonstrated that the LM@BN core-shell structure can effectively maintain the balance between the tensile property, the thermal conductivity, and the stability of the material, thereby facilitating the future application of LM-elastomer composites with regard to flexible thermal management and thermal interface materials.
Inflammation, C-reactive protein Level, Sexual Frequency, and Mortality
Authors: Davis W. Sumner , Banerjee Sri , Anderson Peter
Published: October 2022

C-reactive protein is an important inflammatory biomarker that is indicative of chronic disease. Additionally sexual frequency is an important indicator of overall sexual health. In this study, we tested the impact of inflammation on low sexual frequency-related outcomes like mortality. From the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we analyzed data on adults (≥ 20 years). Sexual frequency was categorized (<52 times/year vs. ≥52 times/year). C-reactive protein was measured by Latex Nephelometry. Complex samples Cox regression was used to assess if inflammation influenced the connection between sexual frequency and mortality. For all-cause mortality, the overall unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of high C-reactive protein was 1.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-3.45, p < 0.03). The adjusted HR was elevated, 2.39 (CI 1.11-5.15, p = 0.03) among individuals who had elevated C-reactive protein and low sexual frequency but close to 1.0 (1.48 CI 0.40-5.45, p = 0.53) among individuals who had elevated C-reactive protein and high sexual frequency after adjusting for medical (obesity) and demographic (age, education, and ethnicity) risk factors, indicating a 139% increase in mortality among individuals with low sexual frequency and inflammation than inflammation alone. Sexual activity is important for overall cardiovascular health.
Acceptance of an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine by healthcare workers: the effect of burnout and anti-vaccination attitudes
Authors: Maraqa Beesan , Nazzal Zaher , Baroud Hassan , Douden Mahmoud , Hamshary Yousef El , Jalamneh Tala
Published: October 2022

Background: The emergence of several SARS-CoV-2 variants may necessitate an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare workers (HCWs) acceptance of an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine, if recommended, and its association with their attitudes and burnout levels.
Methods: We used an online self-administered questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional study in all West Bank and Gaza Strip districts between August and September 2022. The VAX scale was used to assess HCWs' vaccination attitudes, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess work-related burnout. In addition, we used logistic regression analyses to identify factors that were independently associated with the acceptance of the annual COVID-19 booster vaccine.
Results: The study included 919 HCWs; 52.3% were male, 58.8% were under 30, 46.5% were physicians, 30.0% were nurses, and 63.1% worked in hospitals. 33.5% of HCWs (95% CI: 30.5%-36.7%) said they would accept an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine if recommended. HCWs who are suspicious of vaccine benefits [aOR= .70; 95%CI: .65-.75] and those concerned about unforeseeable future effects [aOR= .90; 95%CI: .84-.95] are less likely to accept an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine if recommended, whereas those who receive annual influenza vaccine are more likely to accept it [aOR= 2.9; 95%CI: 1.7-5.0].
Conclusion: an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine is poorly accepted by HCWs. Mistrust of the vaccine's efficacy and concerns about side effects continue to drive COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Health officials need to address HCWs' concerns to increase their acceptance of the annual vaccine if it is recommended.
Effect of Adjustments on the Forecast Accuracy of Anti-Retroviral Medicines in Uganda
Authors: Kirungi Gloria , Kamba Pakoyo Fadhiru , Aguma Herbert Bush
Published: October 2022

Background: Outputs from the quantifications are used to advocate and allocate funding and develop supply plans to ensure the availability of medicines. However, the actual consumption is not always equal to the forecast, and thus forecasting teams often adjust further to improve the forecast accuracy. The study aimed to determine the forecast accuracy of the final forecast, the effect of adjustments, and the factors that affect the forecast accuracy of ARVs in Uganda.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The statistical forecasts, final forecasts, and actual consumption data from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected retrospectively from the Ministry of Health and the web-based ordering and reporting system (WAOS). Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. The mean average percentage error (MAPE) was used to measure forecast accuracy, and a student t-test was used to determine the significance of adjustments. Key informant interviews were done to determine the factors affecting forecast accuracy. Thematic approach was used to analyse qualitative data.
Results: The national final forecast MAPE ranged from 2.33% to 5.15% (Jan 2016 -Jan 2019), while the statistical MAPE ranged from 2.65% to 4.31% (Aug 2017 - Jan 2019). The MAPEs for adult ARVs were generally lower than those of pediatric ARVs, and a variation in forecast accuracy with one of the central warehouses was noted. Adjustments generally lowered the MAPE for adult ARVs but increased the MAPE for most pediatric ARVs. Adjustments were significant for 53.8% (n=13, p=0.05) of the ARVs. Factors including dispensing practices, the complexity of the quantification, adherence to treatment guidelines, data quality, product availability, and quantification team attributes were identified to affect the forecast accuracy
Conclusions: The final and statistical forecasts had good accuracy, and adjustments improved the accuracy of adult ARV forecasts while decreasing the accuracy for pediatric ARVs. The accuracy of the forecast was affected by the quantification complexity, product usage, availability, and team attributes. Forecast accuracy of new drugs and the degree of significance of the factors affecting forecasting should be studied further.
Trial registration: Not Applicable
Proximity-dependent labeling identifies dendritic cells that prime the antitumor CD4+ T cell response
Authors: Victora Gabriel , Chudnovskiy Aleksey , Nakandakari-Higa Sandra , de Castro Tiago , Cui Ang , Lin Chia-Hao , Sade-Feldman Moshe , Phillips Brooke , Pae Juhee , Mesin Luka , Bortolatto Juliana , Schweitzer Lawrence , Pasqual Giulia , Lu Li-Fan , Hacohen Nir
Published: October 2022

Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely capable of transporting tumoral antigens to tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs), where they initiate antitumor immunity and mediate checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Despite recent advances, the full phenotype of the DCs involved in these processes has been difficult to establish. Using LIPSTIC (Labeling Immune Partnerships by SorTagging Intercellular Contacts)-based single-cell transcriptomics, we identify individual DCs capable of presenting antigen to CD4+ T cells in the tdLN. These represent a small fraction of all DCs present in the tdLN and display a distinctive activated phenotype that includes production of cytokine IL-27, required for efficient T cell priming and tumor rejection. Tumor progression results in loss of effective priming of naïve CD4+ T cells, downstream of transcriptional changes in DCs that are manifested already when they arrive at the tdLN. Collectively, our data reveal temporal shift in DC activation status over the course of the antitumor immune response.
Long memory and trend in time series of precipitation in Mozambique
Authors: Ussalu Jone Lucas Medja , Bassrei Amin
Published: October 2022

Many climate studies in Mozambique have clearly identified signals of climate change, especially changes in the extreme temperatures. In this study, we have investigated the existence of long term correlations and trend in time series of precipitation. Two databases were used for this purpose: in situ observations along the period of 1960 – 2020 and the Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations dataset, which is a high resolution (0.05o) remote sensing data assimilated with in situ stations, along the period from 1981 to 2021. We have applied the rescaled-range analysis and the detrended fluctuation analysis for long memory investigation, and the linear regression and Mann-Kendall methods for trend analysis. Results have shown the existence of long memory in the time series of precipitation in most parts of Mozambique, being stronger in the southern and central regions, and weakening toward the north of the country. Precipitation has generally exhibited persistency in the southern and central regions, indicating that the observed climate behaviour during the evaluated period is likely to continue for a long period in future. On the other hand, some significant trend signals of precipitation were detected in some isolated areas of Mozambique, presenting an increase in some regions such as the southern part of Manica and eastern of Inhambane provinces, and a decrease in other regions such as the coastal areas of Zambezia and Nampula.
Factors influencing the catch-up growth of preterm births at two years of corrected age
Authors: Li Yang , Wen Jialin , Cui Hong , Jiang Qianqian , Sun Xiaowei
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the growth of preterm infants after birth regarding weight, length, and head circumference (HC) and determine the risk factors affecting their catch-up growth.
Methods
Anthropometric data and clinical information from 288 preterm infants were collected. Z-scores were calculated using the World Health Organization Anthro software. Logistic regression analysis assessed the risk factors for catch-up growth in preterm births.
Results
The percentage of preterm infants with z-scores <-1.3 for weight, length, and HC decreased from 13.78%, 11.31%, and 7.42–6.81%, 4.26%, and 4.68%, respectively, between 0 and 24 months of corrected age (CA). The weight z-score increased between CA 0 and 3 months in non-small for gestational age (SGA); the increased weight z-score in SGA extended to CA 9 months. Non-SGA had elevated length z-scores from CA 0 to 6 months, and SGA length z-scores were elevated for an extended period until CA 9 months. Z-score differences in weight and length of SGA and non-SGA preterm infants decreased with increasing CA. Gestational age (OR = 2.814, 95%CI: 1.32–5.997) and birth weight (OR = 0.998, 95%CI: 0.997–0.999) were risk factors for catch-up growth at CA 24 months.
Conclusion
Most catch-up growth occurs in the first year of life. Compared to the non-SGA group, preterm infants in the SGA group showed more pronounced and prolonged catch-up growth, particularly in weight and length. We concluded that gestational age and birth weight were risk factors for catch-up growth.
Epidemiological characteristics of pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients at Beijing Children’s Hospital
Authors: Lyu Shuang , Shi Wei , Dong Fang , Xu Bao ping , Liu Gang , Wang Quan , Yao Kai hu , Yang Yong hong
Published: October 2022

Background: The epidemiological data of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates are important for the practice of treatment and prevention. This research aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric S. pneumoniae isolated from outpatients and inpatients.
Methods: S. pneumoniae were isolated from unsterile samples of inpatients and outpatients younger than five years old between March 2013 and February 2014. The serotypes were determined by diagnostic pneumococcal antisera, and resistance against 13 antibiotics was tested by either the E-test or the disc diffusion method. The sequence types (STs) were analyzed with multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Results: The five dominant serotypes obtained from inpatients were 19F(32.9%), 19A(20.7%), 23F(10.7%), 6A(10.0%), and 14 (8.6%), while those in the outpatients were 19F (13.6%), 23F (12.9%), 6A (10.0%), 6B (10.0%), and 19A (7.9%). The coverage rates of the 7-, 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine formulations were high. The non-susceptibility to penicillin, cefuroxime, imipenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among the inpatient isolates were 7.1%, 92.8%, 65.7%, 100%, and 85.0%, respectively, while those among the outpatient isolates were 0.7%, 50.0%, 38.6%, 96.4%, and 65.7%, respectively. There were 45 and 81 STs detected from the pneumococci isolated from inpatients and outpatients, respectively. CC271 was more prevalent in inpatients.
Conclusions: The pneumococcal vaccine related serotypes were still prevalent either in inpatient department or in outpatient department, which with serious antibiotic resistance. These results might be helpful forunderstanding the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in Beijing. Therefore, universal immunization of PCVs should be implemented to prevent the spread of vaccine related serotypes of S. pneumoniae.
GNSS-IR applied to vineyard moisture
Authors: Garrido-Villén Natalia , Berné José Luis
Published: October 2022

Multipath is one of the most severe station-dependent error sources in static GNSS positioning, yet it can be used to conduct several studies. The Global Navigation Satellite System – interferometry and reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique has been widely used to study soil moisture and snow depth. In this work, GNSS-IR is used to find the correlation between vineyard leaf moisture and GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The GNSS data have been collected during the leafy period in a vineyard when water content varies significantly. Only data from low satellite elevation angles (between 5º and 30º) have been taken into consideration and the azimuth has been studied because trellis plantation was used in the vineyard. The amplitudes of the SNR data correlate with the water content in vineyard leaves. Both GPS and Galileo signals were evaluated, but a lack of signals prevented full use of the Galileo system. Our study shows that the L2C signal is better for the analysis of humidity as there is a greater correlation. Finally, the results show that with the latest GPS, L2C, and L5 signals, the SNR can be used more reliably for multipath reflectometry. GPS L5 signal will become more important because of the increasing compatibility and interoperability of global satellite navigation systems.