bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Pregnancy in Ethiopia
Authors: Debu Liga Abebe , Erango Boyamo Adane , Negash Jabir Yasin
Published: July 2024

Teenage pregnancy occurs in girls between the ages of 13–19 years and is a major cause of newborn and maternal mortality in developing countries. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors associated with early childbearing among teenage girls in Ethiopia. A Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was conducted and a two-stage cluster sampling design was used to select the sample, and multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors associated with early childbearing. There was a 10.26% prevalence of early childbearing among Ethiopian girls. Girls who married below the age of 15 and between 15-17 years to poor and middle-income partners, did not use contraceptives while those with primary, secondary, and higher education were less associated with early childbearing in Ethiopia. This study reveals that teenage childbearing is a major public health concern in Ethiopia. Hence, the government should implement policies to limit prevalence through formal education, and improve access to reproductive health education and contraception, especially among teenage girls from the poorest households.
Rate of Cesarean Delivery among Physicians Practicing in A Teaching Hospital in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Teka Hale , Yemane Awol , Ahmed Sumeya , Berhe Ephrem , Gebremeskel Mebrihit , Ebuy Abraha Hiluf , Hasan Abida , Abate Ermias
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction: The Ethiopian national cesarean section rate is about 5%. Rates of cesarean delivery (CD) vary widely among population segments in Ethiopia suggesting unequal access. Within this context, this study aimed to assess the rate of CD among physicians practicing at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH).
Methods: This was cross-sectional study. All female physicians who are parous (n = 15) and all male physicians whose spouses are parous (n = 86) were interviewed to evaluate the mode of delivery among them. Indications for CD were also assessed.
Results: The overall CD rate among participants was 81 (44.3%). Thirteen out of 18 (87%) female obstetrician/gynecologists and male obstetrician/gynecologists' spouses delivered via CD. Cesarean delivery for maternal request (CDMR) accounted for 22.6% of primary CDs. Nearly all (95%) potential candidates for Trial of Labor after Cesarean delivery (TOLAC) opted for repeat elective CD. The driving factors for CD were:  lack of confidence in the process of intrapartum fetal monitoring, “uncertainty” of outcome of vaginal delivery, fear of labor pain (due to absence of labor analgesia), and managing obstetricians' fear of blame for poor outcome by their colleagues.
Conclusion: This study revealed a disparity in CD rates in physician community vs the general Ethiopian population. More revealing are the reasons why they underwent CD. Rate of CD may be decreased by winning the confidence of the parturient mothers through instituting international-standard intrapartum fetal monitoring and labor analgesia protocols.
Key Words
Mode of delivery, Cesarean delivery, maternal request, physicians
RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG STUDENTS OF HAWASSA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE, ETHIOPIA 2022
Authors: Simachew Yilkal , Oumer Gemeda , Abebe Arsema
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Any sexual activity that increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and unwanted pregnancies is considered risky sexual behavior (RSB). Although it is assumed that university students are fully aware of HIV risks and preventive measures, evidence suggests that they are more likely to engage in RSB.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and associated factors among students of Hawassa University, college of medicine and health science, Ethiopia
METHOD: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 18 to August 30, 2022. A total of 334 students were selected first by stratified based on their academic year and then selected using a simple random sampling method. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used for data entry and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with RSB.
RESULT: The prevalence of RSB among students at Hawassa University College of medicine and health science was 109(34.4%). Drinking alcohol [AOR: 8.15; 95% CI (2.68, 11.61)], watching pornography videos [AOR: 3.32; 95% CI (1.53, 6.96)], history of childhood sexual abuse [AOR: 2.34; 95% CI (1.78, 6.37)] were found to be the independent predictors of RSB. While religious engagement [AOR: 0.62; 95% CI (0.29, 0.83)] was a protective factor for RSB.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: More than one-third of students were engaged in RSB. Alcohol consumption, watching pornography videos, history of childhood sexual abuse, and religious engagement were predicting factors for RSB. Comprehensive behavioral intervention programs are needed on the identified factors; to reduce alcohol consumption, and to improve the habit of media consumption among university students. In addition, sex education programs should rethink their approach to preventing RSB, because so far the pornography influence is rarely considered.
Evaluation of the Quality of Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health
Authors: Teklu Alula , Ashenafi Wondimye , N Haregu Tilahun , Banko Muhdin Abdo
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health (EJRH) is a local journal that has been published by the Ethiopian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ESOG) for over 10 years. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of the journal.
 
Methods: A mixed-methods approach that employed reviews of published editions of the journal, key informant interviews of those who have roles in the management of the journal, researchers who have the experience of publishing in EJRH and other journals, and editors-in-chief of other journals was conducted. Self-appraisal of the journal using a standard checklist and office visits to assess staffing, infrastructure, manuscript follow-up, and coordination were also conducted. In addition, an online survey questionnaire was administered to assess perception and use of the EJRH by members of ESOG.
 
Results: There have been nine issues with four to six articles per issue in the last 10 years. This was a 30% performance against the target. The total number of issues was lower than average when compared to other local journals. Seven out of the nine issues of EJRH were available online. The journal has no online submission system and was yet to be indexed. The journal scored low in 19 of the 20 self-appraisal criteria. The majority of ESOG members knew about EJRH, but only 10% had a publication in the journal. Findings suggest that there are critical areas that need improvement for the journal to be reputable and influential.
 
Conclusion: A substantial reform with focus on having a fully functional editorial team, a web-based submission and peer review process, a well-equipped editorial office, and human resources were needed.  Benchmarking experiences from other journals and adopting standard operating procedures were recommended. Strengthening collaboration with universities and research institutions will also be critical.
Premenstrual Disorders (PMS and PMDD) Incidence, and its Predictors in Iranian Medical University Students; An Exploratory Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Miraj Sepideh , Derakhshani Maryam , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Hassanzadeh Fatemeh , Ramezani Fatemeh , Aligol Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Premenstrual disorders are a wide range of physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms which emergence before menstruation and in the first initial days of menstruation which repeat in several cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) incidence and its related factors among Iranian medical students.
Materials and Methods:
In a is cross sectional study 264 students of Qom university of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified proportional to size and simple random sampling method. Demographic form, Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) and Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) questionnaires were used for data collection and evaluation of subjects for PMS and PMMD according to the DSM-IV criteria. Data analysis conducted using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) by Chi square, independent t-test and multivariable logistic regression. P value lower 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results:
The mean age of subjects was 21.05±2.20 years and 102 students (38.6%) were diagnosed as PMS that 8% (21 subjects) were labeled as PMMD. Decreased interest in daily activities (60.6%), depressed mood (60.2%), fatigue/lack of energy (52.3%), physical symptoms and difficulty concentrating (51.1%) were the most common PMS symptoms. Bivariate analysis showed that BMI, marital status, chronic disease history, and continuous use of medication have significant relationship with PMS morbidity. Marriage 2.1 (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.12-4.42) and stress in the last 3 months (OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.23-4.63) were two most important predictors of PMS in medical students based on multivariate logistic regression.
Conclusion:
Decreasing the students stress, especially in students with chronic disease history that have continuous medication consumption could be effective factors for control the PMS symptoms. Moreover, educational stress beside higher familial stress in married students due to socioeconomic and cultural factors, are the related predictive determinants of PMS. Change in life style by rest taking and enough sleeping, and counseling could be help the affected subjects.
THE EFFECTIVE EVALUATION OF DIGITAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LITERACY INTERVENTION ON SERVICE COMPETENCIES OF HEALTH PROVIDERS IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUTH HEALTH CLINICS IN THAILAND
Authors: Intarakamhang Ungsinun , Dheva-aksorn Kirana , Prasittichok Pitchada
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: The global reproductive health remains concerning due to the insufficient knowledge and understanding among healthcare providers. This knowledge gap also extends to their limited ability to utilize technology for delivering services. The purpose of this research was to find an intervention for Digital Reproductive Health Literacy (DRHL) to enhance service competencies.
METHODS: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted January to July 2023. The 60 participants aged 20 to 60 working in adolescent and youth clinics were selected through random assignment and 30 allocated to 12 hours intervention in 6 modules, consisted of knowledge, digital skills, communication skills, provider attitudes, digital-based services, and networking skills. 30 participants were assigned in the control group. The data were collected using DRHL scale with reliability of 0.97, and Discriminant power of 0.2 to 0.8. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA.
RESULTS: The results showed that health providers in the experimental group had significantly a higher mean score of DRHL (Mean = 90.83, 80.60) and competencies (Mean 69.60, 62.00) than control group at after treatment and follow up (Mean = 93.13, 81.13; Mean= 70.57, 62.97, p<.01).  Specially, in the experimental group indicted that mean score of the DRHL and competencies by domains at follow-up were higher than the mean score at before treatment (p < .05).
CONCLUSION: Human resources specialists or administrators could apply DRHL intervention to promote DRHL and competencies for health providers working in adolescent and youth health clinics.
Gynecololgic Cancers at a Tertiary Hospital at Teritiery Hospital in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia. A 5 years Review
Authors: Birara Malede , Urgie Tadesse , Fessehaye Sium Abraham
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Back Ground Gynecologic cancers are an important cause cancer related of morbidity and mortality among women globally. The trend and incidence however varies according to different geographical settings and demographic differences. The main aim this study was to review the profile of gynecologic cancers managed at a Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College,
Methods: A retrospective chart review was done for all patients managed at the hospital from 2016 to 2020, The relevant information was retrieved from patient charts, and pathology reports, the data was entered and analyzed Using SPSS software version 24.
Result: A total of 768 Gynecologic cancer cases were seen at the hospital and 700 of them were analyzed, the rest were excluded because of chart incompleteness. The most common primary tumor origin was cervix 339 (48.35%) followed by ovarian 194 (27.67%), GTN 90 (12.8%), Uterine 46(6.56%), and vulvar 29(4.1%). Most patients with cervical cancer present with late stage with only 37.5 % were early stage and surgically operable and the median age was of 46 years. The majority of ovarian cancer patients present at advanced stage.
Conclusion cervical cancer emerges as the most common gynecologic cancer in women requiring admission, constituting a substantial cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite being preventable through effective screening programs, cervical cancer remains insufficiently addressed. Awareness creation for people from rural area is essential so that early heal seeking behavior will be established.
Association of preeclampsia, placental pathology, and maternal-fetal features with gestational hypertension before and after 34 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Barati Mojgan , Sohrabi Dehaghani Elham , Zargar Mahvash , N. Saadati Najmieh , Ranjbari Nastaran
Published: July 2024

Objective: Evaluating the preeclampsia, placental pathology, maternal and fetal features in women with gestational hypertension (GH) at varying gestational ages.
Methods: A series of maternal, fetal, placental pathological, and neonatal variables were prospectively evaluated and compared between two 30-tuple groups of eligible pregnant women with early GH before 34 weeks' gestation and those with late GH after 34 weeks' gestation.
Results: Proteinuria and preeclampsia were more prevalent in the early GH group compared with the late GH group (80% vs 20%, P:0.001). The maternal high blood pressure and proteinuria were significantly associated with the early GH and preeclampsia (p<0.05). The percentage of syncytial knots significantly increased as preeclampsia progressed (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation existed between the early GH and the percentage of newborns admitted to NICU, the length of hospitalization, and the levels of the doppler indexes of umbilical and uterine arteries (p<0.05); the newborn Apgar scores were also lower in the early GH group (p<0.05). The mortality rate of newborns born to early hypertensive mothers (13.30%) was insignificantly higher than those delivered by the late hypertensive mothers (3.30%, p:0.16).
Conclusion: Maternal high blood pressure and proteinuria may be predicting risk factors for the early GH and/or preeclampsia. The placentas of women with early GH were partially different from those with GH after 34 weeks' gestation. Higher rates of maternal and fetal pregnancy-related complications in the early GH group may be indicative of the different effects of GH and preeclampsia on pregnancy outcomes depending on the gestational age.
Premarital sex and associated factors among unmarried students of a private college in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Birri Dagim Jirata , Takele Mihiretu Kumie
Published: July 2024

Premarital sex may result in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy. Published reports on the prevalence premarital sex among private college students in Ethiopia are limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of premarital sex and associated factors among unmarried students of a private college in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.  A cross-sectional study was conducted and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 390 unmarried students of the college selected by stratified random sampling. Associations between variables were determined using logistic regression at P-value less than 0.05. The prevalence of premarital sex was 23.3%, and 20% started sex before 18.  About 68% did not use condom at the first sex.  Nearly 15.5% had multiple sexual partners. About 14.5% said oral contraceptive pills prevent STIs. Nearly 59 % did not have a practice of requesting a new sexual partner for STIs status. Regression analysis showed that religion, program of study, having a boyfriend or girlfriend, misconception that oral contraceptive pills protect from STIs and taking alcohol were significantly associated with having premarital sex. The prevalence of premarital was high among participants. Effective intervention strategies are needed to reduce the prevalence of premarital sex.
Importance of riparian forest in enhancing the avifaunal diversity of upland agricultural landscape
Authors: Bernardo Alejandro Jr
Published: July 2024

To understand the importance of riparian forest in enhancing the avifaunal diversity in upland agricultural landscape, this study compared the avifaunal community of riparian forest strip to avifaunal community of a swidden farm and a nearby primary forest in Aborlan, Palawan, Philippines from August to November 2010. Results revealed that the riparian forest strip has the highest species richness, diversity index and abundance compared to swidden farm and primary forest. Moreover, the bird assemblage found in it has high index of community similarity when compared to swidden farm and primary forest. This indicates that the bird community in the riparian forest is comprised of an assortment of species that thrive in the primary forest and in the swidden farm. Meanwhile, the low abundance, species richness and diversity index together with the concurrent decline of endemic and conservation priority birds in swidden farm uncovered the vulnerability of these birds to habitat degradation. On the contrary, the high abundance, species richness, and diversity index alongside with the presence of high number of endemic and conservation priority species in the riparian forest strip unfolded its significance in enhancing the avifaunal diversity in upland agricultural landscape. Moreover, the presence of endemic and high conservation priority bird species that are restricted only to primary forest highlights the need to conserve the remaining tracts of primary forest in the area. Preserving the networks of riparian forests in upland agricultural vegetation matrix is also recommended to improve the avifaunal ecosystem functions in the area.
Learning the Parabola Mediated by Problem-Solving, Semiotic Representations, and Applets in GeoGebra
Authors: Martinez H. Lorenzo , Paloma P. Leonel , Ruiz O. Francisco
Published: July 2024

In this article we evaluate the contribution of the problem-solving approach, semiotic representations and the use of applets designed in GeoGebra when first-semester science and engineering students study the mathematical concept and application of the parabola. At the end of the classroom intervention, a significant improvement was noted in the students' performance, especially in their cognitive thinking activities; that is, in the use of algebraic language, in the appropriation of geometric concepts, and in the problem-solving performance.
ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS NATURAIS E SINTÉTICOS: BENEFÍCIOS NA INDÚSTRIA DE FRAGRÂNCIAS
Authors: Cezar Mendonça Augusto , Henrique Fosaluza Bezerra Paulo , Oliveira de Carvalho Renato , Renato de Souza Paulo
Published: July 2024

The use of tropical fruits in the creation of fragrances is a sensorial exercise as it is evident as a reflection of Brazil’s cultural identity. The choice of this theme is justified by the growing need to expand research in the area of ​​Industrial Chemistry, especially given the continuous advancement in the field of perfumery, driven by constant innovations in the obtaining and application of essential oils, both of natural and synthetic origin. Therefore, the general objective of this communication is to evaluate the economic and social relevance of essential and natural oils for the national fragrance industry. Methodologically, a documentary and descriptive bibliographic review was carried out in harmony with qualitative and observational research. From this perspective, it was found that the relationship between perfumery and Brazilian flora is closely linked to sustainability. The progressive demand for tropical fruit ingredients demonstrates the notoriety of sustainable sourcing and fair trade practices, resulting positively in the preservation of biodiversity.
BLASPHEMY LEGISLATION IN INDIA: SPOTLIGHT ON PUNJAB'S NEW LAW AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Sharma Anupam , Waseem
Published: July 2024

This article delves into the contentious issue of blasphemy and the specific context of blasphemy laws in India, with a focus on the introduction of such legislation in Punjab, a state in northern India. Blasphemy, defined as the act of showing contempt or disrespect towards religious beliefs or sacred objects, has long been a sensitive subject with implications for religious freedom and social harmony. The article examines the historical and legal background of blasphemy laws in India, highlighting the recent development of Punjab becoming the first state in India to enact its own blasphemy legislation. Through an analysis of the Punjab blasphemy law, the article explores the provisions, controversies, and potential ramifications of such legislation on freedom of expression, religious tolerance, and communal harmony. It also considers the various perspectives surrounding blasphemy laws, including arguments for their necessity in protecting religious sentiments and arguments against them, emphasizing the potential for misuse and stifling of dissent.
FEDERALISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE: GAUGING THROUGH THE DECENTRALISED STRUCTURE OF INDIAN AND CANADIAN POLICIES
Authors: Chakraborty Saheli , Banerjee Nirbindu , Srivastva Utkarsh
Published: July 2024

While the 28 Conference of the Parties on Climate Change has been convened, several minimum standards have been promulgated for environmental quality, natural resources protection, and alternative energy; state parties, the obligations so pledged shall be translated only based on state practises. International law is fervently dependent on the state. Similarly, executing the pledge taken in these Conferences of the Parties by the respective state largely depends on the states' national policies. Environmental protection, adaptation, and mitigation are some down-up models of policy-making, in which the federalist form of Government has proved to function better due to the proximity of local-level authorities to the governance target. This paper compares Canada and India's two significant Federalism Models in combatting the climate justice system concerning its decentralised structure.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus manipulates Bemisia tabaci, MEAM1 both directly and indirectly through changes in visual and volatile cues
Authors: Paris Thomson M. , Johnston Nicholas , Strzyzewski Iris , Griesheimer Jessica L. , Reimer Benjamin , Malfa Kathi , Allan Sandra A. , Martini Xavier
Published: July 2024

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, is one of the most devastating pests of row-crop vegetables worldwide, damaging crops directly through feeding and indirectly through the transmission of many different viruses, including the geminivirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Y-tube olfactometer tests were conducted at different stages of TYLCV infection in tomatoes to understand how TYLCV affects B. tabaci behavior. We also recorded changes in tomato hosts’ color and volatile profiles using color spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We found that the infection status of B. tabaci and the infection stage of TYLCV influenced host selection, with uninfected whiteflies showing a preference for TYLCV-infected hosts, especially during the late stages of infection. Viruliferous B. tabaci attraction to visual targets significantly differed from non-viruliferous B. tabaci. Late-stage infected hosts had larger surface areas reflecting yellow-green wavelengths and higher emissions of methyl salicylate in their volatile profiles. These findings shed new light on several critical mechanisms involved in the viral manipulation of an insect vector and its economically important host.
An investigation of the pigments, antioxidants and free radical scavenging potential of twenty medicinal weeds found in the southern part of Bangladesh
Authors: Sumi Mousumi Jahan , Zaman Samia Binta , Imran Shahin , Sarker Prosenjit , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur , Gaber Ahmed , Skalicky Milan , Moulick Debojyoti , Hossain Akbar
Published: July 2024

Despite their overlooked status, weeds are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic value, aligning with historical reliance on plants for medicine and nutrition. This study investigates the medicinal potential of native weed species in Bangladesh, specifically pigments, antioxidants, and free radical scavenging abilities. Twenty different medicinal weed species were collected from the vicinity of Khulna Agricultural University and processed in the Crop Botany Department Laboratory. Pigment levels were determined using spectrophotometer analysis, and phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH were quantified accordingly. Chlorophyll levels in leaves ranged from 216.70 ± 9.41 to 371.14 ± 28.67 µg g−1 FW, and in stems from 51.98 ± 3.21 to 315.89 ± 17.19 µg g−1 FW. Flavonoid content also varied widely, from 1,624.62 ± 102.03 to 410.00 ± 115.58 mg CE 100 g−1 FW in leaves, and from 653.08 ± 32.42 to 80.00 ± 18.86 mg CE 100 g−1 FW in stems. In case of phenolics content Euphorbia hirta L. displaying the highest total phenolic content in leaves (1,722.33 ± 417.89 mg GAE 100 g−1 FW) and Ruellia tuberosa L. in stems (977.70 ± 145.58 mg GAE 100 g−1 FW). The lowest DPPH 2.505 ± 1.028 mg mL−1was found in Heliotropium indicum L. leaves. Hierarchical clustering links species with pigment, phenolic/flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. PCA, involving 20 species and seven traits, explained 70.07% variability, with significant PC1 (14.82%) and PC2 (55.25%). Leaves were shown to be superior, and high-performing plants such as E. hirta and H. indicum stood out for their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Thus, this research emphasizes the value of efficient selection while concentrating on the therapeutic potential of native weed species.
Effect of Insect Repellent Bomb on Unwanted Fire
Authors: Kim Seung Joon , Lee Seung-Chul
Published: July 2024

A fire detection and alarm system triggered by any element other than fire, such as smoke or a foreign object, is referred to as an unwanted fire alarm. According to the data from the National Fire Agency, as of 2021, the ratio of the number of unwanted-fire dispatches to the total number of 119 dispatches is 17.2%, and the ratio of the number of malfunctions to the number of dispatches triggered by fire detection and alarm systems has remained above 99% for 10 years, resulting in a loss of firefighting resources. In this study, we conducted unwanted fire alarm experiments using insect repellent bombs and implemented the detector and smoke experiments into a three-dimensional numerical analysis to verify the usefulness of the analysis. The smoke concentration at detector points P1 to P3 reached 15%/m in both experiments and numerical simulations, confirming the similarity. For points P4 to P6, the analysis showed that the time at which the smoke concentration started to increase and the time at which it reached its peak were similar in both experiments and numerical simulations. For P7 to P8, the smoke concentration did not reach 15%/m in both experiments and numerical simulations, indicating that the results were similar. The findings of this study suggest that numerical analysis can be used to implement the flow characteristics of domestic smoke generated by an insect repellent bomb, and this study can be used as basic research for analyzing the flow of smoke in a detector or studying the characteristics of a detector through numerical analysis in the future.
Survey and Investigation of Usage Status According to the Installation of Underground Fire Extinguisher Boxes in Korea’s Traditional Markets
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Han Yongtaek
Published: July 2024

Currently, traditional markets are structurally vulnerable to fire because of the dense concentration of old wooden buildings with tangled wires, such as aging facilities. Particularly in traditional markets, street vendors are usually disorderly located, and nearby roads are crowded due to illegal parking and vehicles stopping on the driveway. When a fire breaks out, it is difficult for the fire truck to enter, which is necessary to extinguish the fire in the early stages and prevent it from expanding into a large fire. With modernization, the number of fires is on the decline; however, fires in traditional markets continue to increase. According to the analysis of fire statistics from January to November 2023, 49 out of 819 fires in sales facilities were in traditional markets, accounting for 5.98% of fires in sales facilities. This is an increase of about 18 cases and an increase of 2.8% compared to fire statistics of about 3.19%, or 31 out of 972 fires at sales facilities as of 2017. Through these statistics, we can observe that the number of fires in sales facilities has decreased; however, the number of fires in traditional markets has increased. Traditional markets are at high risk of accidents due to the poor management of aging facilities and the lack of safety awareness among merchants. Specifically, in the event of a fire, which is likely to develop into a large fire in a short period due to structural problems, construction of high-density shopping malls, and mass loading of highly flammable goods, raising concerns about safety issues. As these problems have continued, the National Fire Agency has developed an emergency fire extinguisher box that could be buried underground in districts requiring fire prevention reinforcement, such as traditional markets and dosshouses. On January 20, 2018, and on May 2, 2018, ten units were first installed in the Seoul area. In this study, we conducted a survey on the current status of underground fire extinguishing systems boxed in traditional markets to identify the merchants' perceptions and analyze the operation of underground fire extinguishing systems boxed in the market.
Development of a Decision Support Model for Establishing Response Strategies to Large-scale Wildfires Using GIS
Authors: Kim Minseok , Lee Yoonha
Published: July 2024

Every year, wildfire disasters of various scales occur in Korea, causing damage to forests, facilities, and human lives owing to the difficulties in early suppression. Effective wildfire response requires collaboration between multiple agencies, necessitating a decision support system for strategy formulation. However, while there is active research on technology development related to situation prediction and suppression equipment, discussions on response technologies and strategies are insufficient. In this study, we propose a GIS-based decision-making methodology for establishing initial response strategies through prioritization of suppression zones during wildfires. A case study on past wildfires was conducted to evaluate the applicability of the proposed methodology. The methodology suggested in this study integrates wildfire suppression elements using the equal weight method to derive suppression priority scores by combining these elements with the distance to wildfire occurrence points. In this study, we aim to provide a decision-making foundation that considers spatial factors in initial wildfire responses, which can serve as a crucial basis for effective allocation of firefighting resources and strategy formulation in the field.
Perfiles de Adolescentes Chilenos según sus Estilos de Compra, Influencia de Pares y Materialismo
Authors: Sans Danilo , Denegri Marianela , Schnettler Berta , Quintano Felipe , Sepúlveda José
Published: July 2024

En Chile, el consumo se ha transformado en el núcleo de la construcción identitaria como consecuencia de la globalización y del modelo neoliberal. Los adolescentes son un segmento destacado de la población en la que impactó este cambio porque constituyen mercados: el presente, el futuro y el de influencia en la familia. Un aspecto clave del comportamiento de consumo es la toma de decisiones de compra, la que se divide en 3 estilos: impulsivo, planificado y compulsivo. El objetivo fue identificar perfiles de adolescentes según sus estilos de compra, determinando si estos difieren por sexo, nivel socioeconómico, tendencia a la influencia de pares y materialismo. El diseño fue cuantitativo no-experimental, correlacional-multivariado. A través de un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico, se seleccionaron 1.108 adolescentes chilenos de ambos sexos residentes en las ciudades de La Serena, Coquimbo, Santiago y Temuco. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó la Escala de Materialismo para Adolescentes, Estilos de Compra y la Escala de Susceptibilidad a la Influencia de los Pares en el Consumo. Por medio de análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos, se identificaron 4 perfiles: compradores compulsivos, planificadores, impulsivos y difusos. Mostraron diferencias significativas según el NSE, tendencia a la influencia de pares y materialismo. No se encontraron diferencias con respecto al sexo, pero si se hallaron relaciones positivas entre materialismo, influencia de pares, compra impulsiva y compra compulsiva y una relación negativa entre compra planificada y materialismo. Se discuten los resultados considerando la importancia de la alfabetización económica para lograr un consumo responsable y planificado.
Estudo da dimensão ambiental da função social da propriedade privada
Authors: Espirito Santo Diony Vanderlei Nobre do , Oliveira Edson Aparecida de Araujo Querido , Vieira Edson Trajano , Kamimura Quesia Postigo
Published: July 2024

O estudo se depara com o conceito de função social da propriedade e a dimensão ambiental como princípio fundamental, em especial da dignidade da pessoa humana e da justiça social. Procurou-se analisar a propriedade privada como direito inviolável e direito fundamental resguardado pela Constituição Federal brasileira, por outro lado, a constituição cidadã de 1988 que consagra direitos fundamentais exige o cumprimento de obrigações, esta relação entre a propriedade e função social, impede a existência de um direito absoluto. Com maestria o constituinte equilibra direitos e obrigações, esta dualidade reflete no direito de propriedade e na sua concepção histórica. Entender a propriedade privada como direito individual com função social, é reconhecer um instituto que possui um importante papel na coletividade, na expansão urbana e no equilíbrio ambiental. Desta premissa se busca analisar quem são os responsáveis pela função ambiental da propriedade privada urbana? A Constituição Federal garante o direito de propriedade, resguarda ao titular proprietário o exercício pleno acerca da destinação, uso e domínio do imóvel. Entrementes, nenhum direito fundamental é absoluto e encontra limites quando entra em rota de coalizão com outros direitos fundamentais, circunstância que a teoria da ponderação de princípios se faz necessária.
Importance of Hip and Core Muscles Strength Exercises in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kalita Manalisa , Sharma Sunita
Published: July 2024

Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent cause of disability. It typically affects women more frequently than men, and as people age, it becomes more widespread. Apart from inflicting pain and impairment and affecting Quality of Life (QoL), OA raises the likelihood of mortality as well as morbidity. Regular exercise has been demonstrated to lessen knee OA discomfort. The objective of the present review is to draw attention to the body of research on the positive effects of hip and core strengthening exercises for individuals with knee OA. Electronic searches were conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to gather the appropriate information. The results of the review suggest that exercises for the hip and core muscles are quite beneficial for individuals with OA in their knees. However, there has been little scholarly study on core muscle strengthening, and it is not a frequently used method to treat OA in the knee. Research suggests that strengthening the hip and core muscles is a very effective exercise regimen for people with knee OA, improving their functional status, pain management, and QoL.
Assessing Good Post-Harvest Practices and Barriers among Cocoa Farmers and Licensed Buying Agents in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Akinrotimi Abiodun Festus , Thompson Olaniran Anthony , Arifalo Sadiat Funmilayo
Published: July 2024

This study assesses the post-harvest practices and barriers among cocoa farmers and Licensed Buying Agents (LBAs) in Southwest Nigeria. The research utilizes primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 200 cocoa farmers and 120 LBAs in the region, analyzed using descriptive statistics and Tobit regression analysis. Findings reveal that although there is a high level of awareness of good post-harvest practices among farmers, adoption is hindered by cultural beliefs, labour constraints, and inadequate financial incentives. LBAs face similar challenges, including limited access to information, inadequate infrastructure, and financial constraints. The analysis highlights that education, experience, and access to credit significantly influence the adoption of GPHP among farmers and LBAs, while older age and larger family sizes negatively impact farmers' adoption rates. The study concludes that targeted educational programs and training, improved infrastructure, financial support, strengthened extension services, market stability mechanisms, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and ongoing research and development are essential to improve post-harvest practices in the cocoa sector. These measures will not only enhance the quality and marketability of Nigerian cocoa beans but also contribute to the economic well-being of farmers and the broader community. By addressing the identified barriers and leveraging the influencing factors, the cocoa sector in Southwest Nigeria can achieve significant advancements in post-harvest handling, thereby supporting sustainable development and increasing economic returns.
Constructivism Effects of the Project Planning Discourses Used in the Maasai Pastoral Community
Authors: Palanda Ninoo R , Massawe Goodluck D
Published: July 2024

In literature, the Maasai community has been identified as the dominating ethnic group among the multiple pastoral communities in Tanzania. The Maasai socio-cultural practice is under external pressure in meaning negotiation and interpretation. The literature identifies globalization and modernity elements as the most influential external factors. Furthermore, project planning is considered as inseparable from globalization and modernity elements as all are focused on social change processes. Different literatures consider discourses as the core of the change process, and that pastoral development projects are associated with discursive practices through its communicative dimensions that entail social interactions whereby discourses are produced, distributed, and consumed. Although studies in development projects are fundamental in understanding discursive practices of such projects, this paper found a very limited body of knowledge on discursive practices in development planning specifically in the Maasai community. Therefore, this paper uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to underscore constructive effects of the used discourses in project documents targeted to the Maasai community on its wider socio-cultural context. This paper employed Fairclough three dimensional model of CDA as its underpinning theoretical and methodological approach. This model guided analyses of the data retrieved from eight (8) project strategic documents that were targeted to the Maasai community. Analyses involved three analytical levels which are textual analysis, discursive practices analysis and socio-cultural practices analysis level as depicted in the used model. Analysis was eclectic in nature as it involved forth and back analyses between the three levels, whereby the first two levels informs socio-cultural constructivism effects of the used discourses. Generally, the study revealed construction of Maasai’s identity, social relations and varying ideologies as the major three categories of constructivism effects of the underscored project planning discourses in the Maasai community. Furthermore this paper found devastating misconceptions and domination of negative portrayals of the Maasai community within the analyzed documents. Finally this paper recommends radical shift on the conveyed meanings and misrepresentation of the indigenous communities specifically the Maasai community in the global and national strategic and developmental process or frameworks.
Evaluation of Lead and Cadmium Levels in Individuals Exposed to Cement Dust
Authors: Osakue Nosakhare Omoyemwen , Michael Miracle Nnenna , Onyenekwe Chinedum Charles , Okafoanyali James Ogochukwu , Osakue Nosakhare Eric , Ehiaghe Alfred Friday , Ihim Augustine Chinedu
Published: July 2024

Background: Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, which are present in cement dust, are elements with a density of more than 5 g/cm3 that are harmful to both the environment and living creatures. This study was set out to evaluate levels of lead and cadmium in individuals exposed to cement dust in Nnewi metropolis.
Study Design: This case-control study was carried out among male and female workers in cement depots in Nnewi metropolis who were selected by simple random sampling.
Methods: Thirty-five individuals exposed to cement dust defined as test participants and thirty-five individuals not exposed to cement dust defined as control participants within the age range of 18 and 51 years were selected into this study. Test participants were sub-grouped based on years of exposure to cement dust into 3 years and below, 4 to 6 years and 7 years and above. Five millilitres of whole blood was collected from each selected participant and levels of lead and cadmium were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analysed using Independent Student’s T-test and ANOVA with least significant difference post hoc. Data was presented as mean ± standard deviation and significance level was taken at p< 0.05.
Results: The blood levels of lead and cadmium in test participants were significantly higher than blood levels in control participants. The lead levels were significantly higher in test participants exposed to cement dust for 7 years and above than in test participants exposed to cement dust between 4 to 6 years and test participants exposed to cement dust for 3 years and below (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in serum levels of cadmium between test participants exposed to cement dust for 3 years and below, test participants exposed to cement dust between 4 years to 6 years and test participants exposed to cement dust for 7 years and above (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Occupational exposure to cement dust causes high blood levels of lead and cadmium in the body and this accumulation is dangerous to health.
Comparative Evaluation of Diabetes Complication Using Liver Function Parameters as Indices between Male and Female Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Chidinma Iwuji Joy , Ugochukwu Nwanjo Harrison , C Nwosu Dennis , Precious Onuoha Chisom , Nelly Emerole Chinwe , Ozoemena Ohaeri Evangelina
Published: July 2024

It is known that diabetes causes liver damage. On the other hand, because most cases of liver damage have been investigated in males, examining the relationship of this disease in both sexes is of great importance. This study was aimed at, comparatively evaluating diabetic complications using histopathological examination and liver function parameters as indices in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of 24 male and female rats divided into four groups of six animals each were used for the experiment. Group A were female control, Group B were male control while group C and D were alloxan induced diabetic female and male rats respectively. Groups A and B were non diabetic rats fed with rat diet all through the experiment. Group C and D were diabetes induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120mg/kg). At the end of the inducement period, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed. Blood was collected by ocular puncture for the determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) using spectrophotometric method. Histology of the liver was determined by H and E technique. The results showed the experimental group C (365.83±43.6mg/dl) and D (368.94±43.93mg/dl) had significantly elevated levels of FPG when compared with the controls group A (116.00±9.11mg/dl) and B (108.33±5.5mg/dl) confirming the induction of diabetes (P=0.000). The liver of both male and female diabetic rats showed ballooning degeneration. In the males, these were arranged in normal sheets and cord around central vein in some areas of the center, on the other hand, the central vein of the female diabetic rats appears slightly enlarged containing blood clots and the arrangement of the hepatocytes in sheets or cords around the central vein was completely distorted. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean serum levels of ALP, AST, ALT, DB, TP and ALB in female diabetics when compared to male diabetic rats. The mean serum level of TB was significantly reduced (p=0.004) in female diabetics (0.53±0.05) than in the male diabetic albino rats (0.69±0.09). This study showed the liver histology and function are variably altered in diabetes mellitus. Further research on the causes of liver damage will help us to unravel the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.
Pathogenicity of Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
Authors: Chetia Abhijit , Borah Aparajita , Mahanta Bornali
Published: July 2024

A pot experiment was carried out in the net house of Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, to study the pathogenicity of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on tuberose. The study found that as the inoculum level of M. incognita increased from 10 to 10,000 second-stage juveniles (J2) per pot (containing 1 kg of sterilized soil), all plant growth parameters of tuberose decreased progressively. At the highest inoculum level, the plants became severely stunted, chlorotic, and produced very few bulblets. It was noted that at the highest inoculum level, the root systems were significantly reduced, with larger and mostly coalescent galls. The treatments with no nematode (check and associated check) were free from galls and eggmasses. An initial inoculum level of 100 J2 of M.incognita per kg of soil caused significant reduction in all growth parameters and proved to be pathogenic to the tuberose plants. The number of galls and eggmasses increased gradually in the plants with an initial inoculum level of 10 to 1000 J2 of M.incognita per kg of soil, but it declined at highest inoculum level of 10,000 J2 per kg of soil. The experiment also recorded the variation in nematode population in the soil as well as their reproductive rates. These findings can be used to develop effective, targeted methods for minimizing the damage caused by root-knot nematode in tuberose crops.