bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O топологической характеристике некоторых свойств мер посредством очановских топологий
Authors: Пранинскас Гинтарас
Published: May 2020

В статье дается топологическая характеристика продолжения меры, так же топологическая характеристика радоновости и регулярности мер на σ-алгебре Борелевских множеств топологического пространства посредством экспоненциальных топологий типа Очана.
Linear ODE with nonlocal boundary conditions and Green’s functions for such problems
Authors: Roman Svetlana , Štikonas Artūras
Published: May 2020

In this article we investigate a formula for the Green’s function for the n-orderlinear differential equation with n additional conditions. We use this formula for calculatingthe Green’s function for problems with nonlocal boundary conditions.
On teaching fundamentals of calculus at secondary school
Authors: Apynis Antanas
Published: May 2020

The article, from different didactical aspects, analysis the problem of teaching fundamentals of calculus at secondary school. Continuity and limit of a function are suggested to be explained on the base of an informal concept and examples of these notions. An explanation of this kind is completely sufficient in solving problems of calculation of limits and derivatives of rational functions as well as other problems.
Programming style and teaching internationalisation of programms
Authors: Dagys Viktoras , Grigas Gintautas
Published: May 2020

The possibilities to introduce school students to software internationalization element are discussed. The basic knowledge of internalization can be provided in the forma of simple practical tasks of programming. The software internalization learning is a multi-topic: students gain understanding of internationalization and localization of programs, enough knowledge to be able to test actually used programs, especially open source software (this could be a serious motivation), they learn about the world’s linguistic diversity, realize deeper meaning of native language and its place among the other languages.
Comparison of understanding of mathematical and mathematics history texts
Authors: Gudelytė Laura , Kastickaitė Joana , Krylovas Aleksandras , Laukevičius Tadas
Published: May 2020

The article compares results of testing how students in the field of social sciences understand the text in mathematics and math history. During the experiment 128 second-year students in the Bachelor’s studies in the Public Administration Programme at Mykolas Romeris University were surveyed. They used given texts in mathematics and math history during the lecture. To compare their understanding, closed-end tests were used. The results of testing have been analysed usingstatistical methods.
Survey of VPU olympiad 2010 for young mathematicians
Authors: Jakaitytė Eglė , Kaučikas Algirdas , Mazėtis Edmundas
Published: May 2020

The texts and solutions of the VPU young mathematicians olympiad – 2010 are presented.
The templates of lesson plans: analysis and application of technology
Authors: Kubilinskienė Svetlana , Dagienė Valentina
Published: May 2020

Lesson plan – an important methodological component of the learning process. Purpose of the article – analyze the current situation and suggest how information technology can assist the development of lesson plans, their accumulation and retrieval, thus ensuring their for effective application. The authors’ disclosures problems of lesson plans creation and its description and did comparative analysis of information and lesson plans templates which provided LO storages. The authors identified the main components of lesson plans and its description, which based are proposed the technology–based lesson plans templates and its description creation. This development of lesson plans and descriptions for educators will allowed re–use didactic resources (lesson plans) as an effective learning tool.
Lithuanian school mathematical olympiad-2010
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: May 2020

The texts and answers of the problems of the Lithuanian school mathematical olympiad-2010 are presented. Solutions of several problems are given and discussed.
Review of the Kangaroo competition-2010
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus , Sušinskas Jurgis
Published: May 2020

The most interesting tasks of the Lithuanian Kangaroo competition-2010 are considered.
What kind of mathematics is needed to be a future manager?
Authors: Saldauskienė Jovita
Published: May 2020

This article deals with relevant problems of mathematics’ subject studies in college. Perceptions of the subject of mathematics teaching for social sciences programms students are discussed. The present analysis reveals further directions of mathematics quality improvement search.
Mathematics and informatics teacher education perspectives
Authors: Stankus Eugenijus , Dagienė Valentina
Published: May 2020

The ongoing reform of Lithuanian higher education affected teacher education (or pre-service training) as well. Therefore it is important to review and update teacher training programs and to discuss them within community. This paper presents an overwiev, issues and perspectives of mathematics and informatics teacher training at the Vilnius University Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics.
Evaluation of quality of distance courses adapted by students
Authors: Vinogradova Irina , Kurilovas Eugenijus
Published: May 2020

Several distance learning courses adaptation aspects are analyzed in the paper. Adaptation characteristics of virtual learning environments and distance learning courses are considered very significant quality factors in scientific literature. These factors warrant the better adaptability of distance learning courses to the different learners’ needs, and therefore, the better learning quality. While creating distance learning courses according to “Computer training systems” teaching program for VGTU IV course students, there was an additional course adaptation requirement for the students. The aim of this paper is to analyze the students’ works from courses’ adaptation point of view. The paper is also aimed to analyze which course sequencing rules are the mostly clear and often used by the students.
Learning objects (LOs) for mathematics
Authors: Žilinskienė Inga
Published: May 2020

This paper deals with LOs for mathematics of 11–12 class students. LOs from the national learning objects metadata repository have been selected. The discussion has been focused on three aspects: 1) how many LOs are there of 11–12 class students, search problems; 2) investigation of content provided in LOs; 3) investigation of interaction between learning content and students activities. It is found that LOs are poor in use of advanced interaction between content and students activities.
Professor of mathematics Vytautas Paulauskas (1910–1991) 100 years
Authors: Jasiūnas Henrikas , Verikaitė Vitolda
Published: May 2020

V. Paulauskas life review. Scientific work. Bibliographical listing.
Teaching of differential and integral calculation basics in Lithuanian schools after the teaching reform in mathematics (in 1929–1940)
Authors: Kastickaitė Joana , Banionis Juozas
Published: May 2020

The article discusses teaching of differential and integral calculation fundamentals after the reform in the teaching of mathematics (1929–1940) with reference to the textbook of Juozas Stoukus “Basics of Infinite Smallness Analysis” (1925), textbook of Antanas Juška “Basics of Mathematical Analysis” (1934), contemporary curricula of higher schools and articles of mathematicians.
Strategy of diabetes treatment
Authors: Basov Igor , Švitra Donatas , Vilkytė Ramunė
Published: May 2020

In this article the authors performed numerical analysis of glycemic regulation mathematical model described by two differential equations with one delay argument. The results obtained in the linear analysis [3] were used in numeric analysis constructing solutions applying the Runge-Kuto IV successive method in normal and diabetes cases. Diabetes medical strategy will be modeled to the above-mentioned model (2.1)–(2.2) introducing two external periodic functions determining food and exogenous insulin injections. Treatment strategy will be modeled applying a scientific simulation modeling program „Model Maker“.
Chemical reaction dynamics: analysis of the brusselator model
Authors: Stonkienė Liana , Švitra Donatas
Published: May 2020

It is observed the differential equations system. The stable periodic solution of the nonlinear differential equations system is constructed, which is based on the theory of bifurcations.
A reactor model with delay because of convection
Authors: Švitra Donatas , Bučys Kostas
Published: May 2020

In this article a model of a nuclear reactor which is made of two differential equations with delay was analysed. There was made a linear analysis and defined the area of the asymptotic stability of the model and the area in which there appears a stable periodical solution of one frequency. The analytic form of the mentioned solution was received using the bifurcation theory.
Mathematical model of the ichtyocenose with delays
Authors: Švitra Donatas , Žemaitis Giedrius
Published: May 2020

This article describes the authors’ work the existing ecosystem in the Curonian Lagoon. Using the mathematical model of the ichtyocenose (1)–(2) is simulated the dynamics of the ichtyocenose in the Curonian Lagoon. It is done by using Runge–Kut IV method from this simulation program ModelMaker. The model numerical solutions of F1 - F8 are compared with the experimental data for the monitoring of fish. The dynamics is projected to the year 2016.
Research on learning objects quality and reusability
Authors: Ignaško Elvyra , Kurilovas Eugenijus
Published: May 2020

The paper is aimed to analyse the learning objects quality evaluation model taking into account learning objects reusability principles. Multiple criteria analysis methods and quality evaluation criteria identification principles are used to create the learning objects quality evaluation model. The portrait of the sets of the learning objects reusability principles and the learning objects quality evaluation criteria is presented in the paper. This portrait shows the bilateral cohesion of theseprinciples and criteria. The presented learning objects quality evaluation model is usable in education institutions while selecting learning objects in the market or free-of-charge repositories.
Comparative analysis of power spectrum estimation methods
Authors: Petreikytė Gintarė , Kazlauskas Kazys
Published: May 2020

The subject of this paper is the comparative analysis of the eleven most important nonparametric, parametric and subspace power spectrum estimation methods. Theoretically and experimentally we analyse how the frequency resolution of the spectrum estimation methods depends on the signal length, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the order parametric methods.
The comparison of Lithuanian texts’ styles by using the statistical analysis of the universal quantitative characteristics
Authors: Piaseckienė Karolina , Radavičius Marijus , Stiklius Raimundas
Published: May 2020

Lithuanian language is quite complex and flexible, and its significantly complicates the development of efficient algorithms for the automatic processing of Lithuanian texts. For studying text-styles features were selected the universal quantitative characteristics that are unrelated to the text content and can be calculated for any text. This article shows how mathematical Statistics can help to distinguish and interpret the Lithuanian language styles. Studies of the log-linear models show theconnection between the letters and sounds structure and the scientific and fiction.
Probabilistic algorithm for mining frequent sequences
Authors: Pragarauskaitė Julija , Dzemyda Gintautas
Published: May 2020

Frequent sequence mining in large volume databases is important in many areas, e.g., biological, climate, financial databases. Exact frequent sequence mining algorithms usually read the whole database many times, and if the database is large enough, then frequent sequence mining is very long or requires supercomputers. A new probabilistic algorithm for mining frequent sequences is proposed. It analyzes a random sample of the initial database. The algorithm makes decisionsabout the initial database according to the random sample analysis results and performs much faster than the exact mining algorithms. The probability of errors made by the probabilistic algorithm is estimated using statistical methods.
Analysis of multi peril crop insurance loss ratiosAnalysis of multi peril crop insurance loss ratios
Authors: Žalgirytė Lina , Račkauskas Gediminas
Published: May 2020

In the first part of this paper, the distribution of loss ratios for five crops was analyzed. The results show that the truncated shifted Pareto distribution can be used for crop insurance loss ratios approximation. In the second part, the relationship between weather conditions and crop insurance loss ratios was tested. Results suggest that this dependency is weak. It shows that crop insurance loss ratios are affected not only by weather conditions – monthly growing degree days and monthly precipitation – but also by other factors.
Transformations of formulae of hybrid logic
Authors: Norgėla Stanislovas , Petrauskas Linas
Published: May 2020

This paper describes a procedure to transform formulae of hybrid logic H(@) over transitive and reflexive frames into their clausal form.
Long memory in high frequency foreign exchange rates: Hurst exponents dependence on data aggregation
Authors: Pranckevičiūtė Milda
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the study on long memory in absolute daily returns of the US dollar versus euro, the British pound and the Japanese yen aggregated foreign exchange rates. Pointwise, maximum price, minimum price and average price aggregation rules for high frequency foreign exchange rates are introduced. The classical R/S statistic is used to analyze Hurst exponents dependence on the choice of data aggregation function.
Computer modelling of a bacteria dynamics
Authors: Katauskis Pranas , Skakauskas Vladas
Published: May 2020

The system of partial differential equations, describing the dynamics of the oxygen consuming bacteria in a chamber with an open top, is investigated. The finite difference method is used for solving the problem. Solutions of two different numerical schemes are compared and analyzed when values of oxygen concentration become negative in the case of a shallow layer.
Analysis of comparable academic performance: panel logistic regression model
Authors: Radavičius Marijus , Samusenko Pavel
Published: May 2020

Conditional logistic regression model is fitted to data of student academic performance. This enables one to compare difficulties of different examinations and to identify related factors.
Bootstrap, jackknife and Edgeworth approximations for finite population L-statistics
Authors: Čiginas Andrius
Published: May 2020

In this paper we give exact bootstrap estimators for the parameters defining one-term Edgeworth expansion of distribution function of finite population L-statistic and compare these estimators with corresponding jackknife estimators. We also compare `````` true’ distribution of L-statistic with its normal approximation, Edgeworth expansion, empirical Edgeworth expansion and bootstrap approximation.
Analysis of student achievements using ordered logistic regression
Authors: Murauskas Gediminas , Radavičius Marijus
Published: May 2020

In the paper the problem of assessment of mathematical abilities is addressed. It is assumed that student’s grade in the mathematical analysis is one of the main indices of mathematical abilities which gives rather reliable guess of his further academic performance in mathematics. Relationships of the mathematical analysis grades with other factors including the examinator’s effect are investigated using data of Vilnius University students in mathematics and rank logistic regression with a variable scale.
EM algoritmas bendram Gauso modeliui su paslėptaisiais kintamaisiais
Authors: Radavičius Marijus
Published: May 2020

Nagrinėjamas Gauso vektoriaus parametru vertinimo uždavinys, kai stebima jo (netiesinė) transformacija. Išvestos EM algoritmo, naudojamo didžiausio tikėtinumo įvertiniui apskaičiuoti, lygtys. Atskiru atveju, kai stebimas dviejų dydžių, aprašomų Gauso regresiniais modeliais, minimumas, gautos išreikštinės EM algoritmo formulės.
Error rates in spatial classification of Gaussian data with random labeling
Authors: Stabingienė Lijana , Dučinskas Kęstutis
Published: May 2020

In spatial classification it is usually assumed that features observations given labels are independently distributed. We have retracted this assumption by proposing stationary Gaussian random field model for features observations. The label are assumed to follow Disrete Random Field (DRF) model. Formula for exact error rate based on Bayes discriminant function (BDF) is derived. In the case of partial parametric uncertainty (mean parameters and variance are unknown), the approximation of the expected error rate associated with plug-in BDF is also derived. The dependence of considered error rates on the values of range and clustering parameters is investigated numerically for training locations being second-order neighbors to location of observation to be classified.
Navigation efficiency rating of the websites of the Lithuanian Universities
Authors: Andziulienė Beatričė
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses an effective web site navigation development principles, the effectiveness of navigation, the navigation elements of visual clarity, feedback realization. Outlining the main elements constituting an effective navigation: site orientation, site management, navigational facilities, visual design, navigation efficiency. For the purposes of the checklist approach, carried Lithuanian university Web navigation efficiency analysis.
Open source web content management systems analysis: the use of server resources
Authors: Andziulienė Beatričė , Narbutas Povilas
Published: May 2020

Give general the most appropriate content management system selection stages of the process, divided into five phases. The last stage of the selection proposed by the Web content management system effectiveness analysis. The analysis of Drupal, Joomla!, Xoops content management systems, efficient use of server resources in three cases: the generation of dynamic pages, cache page and cache page with data compression. Content management systems are compared using the following criteria: the maximum number of queries per second, queries pending, RAM usage, CPU load, database management system load. It was found most effective resources of a server using a Web content management system.
On the main constants in the probability theory
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: May 2020

We consider the place of the main mathematical constants in the probability theory. The present situation of their elementary theory is discussed.
On the left strongly prime modules and their radicals
Authors: Kaučikas Algirdas
Published: May 2020

We give the new results on the theory of the one-sided (left) strongly prime modules and their strongly prime radicals. Particularly, the conceptually new and short proof of the A.L.Rosenberg’s theorem about one-sided strongly prime radical of the ring is given. Main results of the paper are: presentation of each left stongly prime ideal p of a ring R as p = R ∩ M, where M is a maximal left ideal in a ring of polynomials over the ring R; characterization of the primeless modules and characterization of the left strongly prime radical of a finitely generated module M in terms of the Jacobson radicals of modules of polynomes M(X1, . . . , Xni) .
Beyond Employability: Defamiliarizing Work-Integrated Learning with Community-Engaged Learning
Authors: Brabazon Honor , Esmail Jennifer , Locklin Reid , Stirling Ashley
Published: May 2020

Within the context of an increasing interest in forms of work-integrated learning (WIL) among governments and institutions of higher education, this essay explores the relation between WIL and community-engaged learning (CEL) in order to argue that the structural and self-critique apparent in much CEL scholarship can serve as a model to WIL scholars and practitioners. CEL has undergone a rigorous process of self-examination in recent years, a process that has encouraged its advocates to think carefully about their core assumptions, appropriate learning objectives, and best practices in the field. In this way, we argue, whether or not CEL is classified as a form of WIL, it can serve to defamiliarize many of WIL’s assumptions and to invite self-reflection in the field as a whole. In the first half of the essay, we provide background for the conversation, first in the Canadian context, and then in the broader scholarship of CEL. In the second half, we offer three case studies that illustrate both the distinctive characteristics of CEL and, in the last case, how these characteristics might strengthen the practice of traditional WIL.
PERAN GURU DALAM PENANGANAN PERILAKU ANAK HIPERAKTIF DI TK NEGERI 1 SAMARINDA
Authors: Rozie Fachrul , Safitri Dita , Haryani Wiwik
Published: May 2020

The purpose of research is to know: the role of teachers in handling hyperactive child behavior in TK Negeri Pembina 1 Samarinda, the inhibiting factor of teacher in the handling of hyperactive child behavior in TK Negeri Pembina 1 Samarinda, and supporting factor of teacher in handling behaviour of hyperactive children. This method of research is qualitative with a case study approach consisting of two focuses, namely the role of the teacher and child behavior hyperactivity. The results show that hyperactive child behavior has difficulties to focus, unable to sit quietly, perform unmistakable, rebellious activities and could not wait. The teacher's role in child care is hyperactive: as a learning designer, learning artist, learning motivator, mediator learning and inspirational learning. The inhibitory factor in treating hyperactive children is the professionalism of teachers, approaches with hyperactive children, and child behavior. The supporting factors, namely environment, facilities and infrastructure.
PERMAINAN KOLASE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTORIK HALUS PADA KELOMPOK A TK MUSLIMAT NU BANJARMASIN
Authors: Huda Huda , Faeruz Ratna , Hayati Miratul
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve children’s fine motor skills through collage play in groip A at Muslimat NU Banjarmasin Kindegarten. This research is collaborative classroom action research using Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. The subjects of the study are 10 children in group A at Muslimat NU Kindergarten. The object of this study is the children’s fine motor skill. Guided observation is used for this instrument. The data analysis technique is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. This research was conducted in two cycles. The result shows a gradual increase in children’s fine motor skills. Improvement of children’s fine motor skill through collage play in the implementation of pre-liminary research 40,45% and in the first cycle increased to 50,59%. In 2nd cycle, the child’s fine motor ability increased with percentage 80,68%.
Makna Huruf Jar Lam Dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Suryadinata M
Published: May 2020

Tulisan ini mewacanakan tentang aneka makna dari huruf jar lam dalam ayat-ayat al-Qur'an. Urgensi mempelajari aspek penambahan makna dari huruf jar khususnya lam antara lain; dapat mengatakan makna suatu kata dalam al-Qur'an secara tepat menurut konteksnya, dapat mengetahui makna dari ayat al-Qur'an secara holistik, dan dapat mengetahui salah satu aspek kemukjizatan al-Qur'an lantaran keunggulan dan keindahan susunan bahasa kalimatnya. Menurut Jamal al-Din Ibn Hisyam dalam Mugni Labib menyatakan bahwa, makna pokok dari huruf jar lam seluruhnya ada 21, antara lain: istihqaq (berhak), ihtisah (syibh milk), al-milk, tamlik (kepemilikan), syibh tamlik, taukid al-nafyi, bermakna ila, bermakna 'ala (isti'la haqiqi), bermakna fi, bermakna 'inda, ta'lil, bermakna ba'da, bermakna ma'a, bermakna min, taballug (menyampaikan), bermakna 'an, sairurah (menjadi sebaliknya), ta'ajjub tanpa qasam, ta'ajjub yang disertai qasam, ta'diyah, dan taukid (huruf ziyadah). Dengan demikian, setiap kata yang didahului huruf jar lam tersebut memiliki makna tambahan dan titik tekan yang berbeda yang dapat menjelaskan atau mengungkap makna pokok dari ide gagasan sebuah kalimat lantaran dibubuhi huruf jar lam tersebut. Sehingga, huruf jar lam yang disisipkan merupakan sudah pilihan yang pas sesuai dengan konteks ayat tersebut.
Pencegahan Paham Radikalisme Agama Melalui Pendekatan Keagamaan Yang Moderat
Authors: Romly A M
Published: May 2020

Radikalisma merupakan gejala kemasyarakatan yang senantiasa muncul dalam kehidupan kita. Manifestasi radikalisme sering berbentuk kekerasan, karena radikalisme mengandung sifat-sifat ketidaksabaran dan pemaksaan. Motivasi radikalisme pun tidak tunggal, bisa politik dan bisa keagamaan, bahkan bisa sekaligus politik dan keagamaan. Radikalisme dan kekerasan yang menyertainya muncul bukan hanya dalam satu agama, karena semua agama mempunyai potensi. Dalam sejarah kita menyaksikan bahwa radikalisme dan kekerasan bisa munsul dan terjadi di semua agama. Situasi seperti ini hendaknya disadari oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Karena tanggungjawab untuk mencegah muncul dan terjadinya radikalisme dan kekerasan merupakan tanggungjawab semua orang. Karena itu semua lapisan masyarakat harus berupaya melakukan langkah-langkah yang tepat untuk mencegahnya, agar kehidupan masyarakat senantiasa rukun dan damai.
PUASA DALĀIL AL-QUR’ĀN: DASAR DAN MOTIVASI PELAKSANAANNYA
Authors: Kharis Muhammad Abdul , Rizal Alvin Noor Sahab
Published: May 2020

Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School Jekulo Kudus, one of the Boarding School that encourages every student to sunnah fasting. Various kinds of sunnah fasting that are familiar in society, such as Monday-Thursday fasting, Daud fasting, and Nyirih fasting. Dalā’il fasting known as the sunnah fasting, which is less familiar among the people. Dalā’il fasting is divided into the fasting of Dalā’il al-Khairāt and Dalā’il al-Qurān. The fasting of Dalā’il al-Qurān is fasting that implemented for one full year by reading one juz al-Qur’an every day. Based on the understanding of Dalā’il al-Qurān fast, then this fast falls into the category of dahr fast. Many arguments are used to explain the prohibition on dahr fasting. However, if the hadith is understood in terms of asbābul wurud, then this kind of fasting may be done. The existence of the hadith which prohibits doing dahr fasting is based on the advice of the Rasulullah to ‘Abd Allāh bin ‘Amr.
TARJUMĀN AL-MUSTAFĪD: TAFSIR LENGKAP PERTAMA DI NUSANTARA
Authors: Asror Zaimul
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses the characteristics, and methods of interpretation of Tarjumān al-Mustafīd. Using the descriptive-analytic method, the study answers the question of how are the characteristics of Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, written by ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf? The writer finds that although the author of this tafsir had served as a mufti during the reign of the Sulṭānah Safiat al-Dīn Tāj al-ʻAlām (1641-1675), but — as far as the writer could observe, no political influence was found in this book of commentary. Moreover, although ‘Abd al-Rā'uf was a mursyīd of the Syattariyah tariqah, he did not give much nuance to his book of tafsir. At the same time, this finding rejects the assumption that Tarjumān al-Mustafīd can be characterized to have sufi nuances in it.
APLIKASI TEORI DOUBLE MOVEMENT FAZLU RAHMAN TERHADAP HUKUM MEMILIH PEMIMPIN NON-MUSLIM
Authors: Firmansyah Beta
Published: May 2020

This article explain about the law choose non-Muslim leader. This article support hipotesa that choose the leader of the non-Muslim legal is may. This article background the back of the events that makes the al-Mā’idah: 51 as the basis of should not choose non-Muslim leader. Most of the mufassir using a view of a conservative in draw the conclusion the law of this verse, and they don’t look the context of when the law is relegated. Therefore, the authors filed theory Fazlu Rahman’s double movement to interpret the law choose non-Muslim leader. The conclusions of the author is choose the leader of the non-Muslim it may be with the condition of certain.
ISLAM DAN SAINS PERSPEKTIF NURCHOLISH MADJID
Authors: Hidayatulloh Helmy
Published: May 2020

This article explains the relationship between Islam and science from the perspective of Nurcholish Madjid. Nurcholish saw the relationship between Islam and science through two things, namely: first, the contribution of Islam to science; and second, the organic unity of Islam and science. Islam contributes greatly to the development of science and the contribution of Islam really cannot be underestimated because Islam is able to influence almost all fields of scientific studies. In addition, Islam has an organic and harmonious relationship with science. According to Nurcholish, science will always have a positive impact on a Muslim's faith, but if his faith is true. Conversely, if the faith is wrong, then the faith will be filled with things that are mythological. If a belief is filled with mythology, then the belief (religion) will be defeated by science.
PEMAHAMAN PRINSIP GERAKAN MUSLIM MODERN AL-RUJŪ‘ ILA AL-QUR’ĀN WA AL-SUNNAH
Authors: Aulia Rohmatul Maulidiana
Published: May 2020

The main problem discussed in this paper is Islamic Renewal by the Modern Muslim  movement.  This  movement  is  a  response  to  the  reality  of  Muslims  who contradict the understanding of ijtihad Modern Muslims. Under the pretext of enforcing the authority of the Qur'an and sunna consequently so that Muslims can practice and re-live the pure teachings of Islam and revive the spirit of ijtihad and leave the habit of taklid. This paper discusses the understanding of al-Rujū 'ila al-Qur'an wa al-Sunnah, especially by modernists. This paper will describe analytically and critically explore the modernist view of the principle of al-Rujū 'ila al-Qur'an wa al-Sunnah.
Aplikasi Teori Double Movement Fazlu Rahman terhadap Kasus Poligami
Authors: Firmansyah Beta
Published: May 2020

Permasalahan poligami menjadi perbincangan yang hangat dikalangan para ulama. Para ulama klasik cenderung membolehkan praktik poligami, sedangkan ulama kontemporer melarang praktik perpoligamian. Maka dari itu tulisan ini mencoba meninjau kembali hukum poligami dengan menggunakan teori double movement Fazlu Rahman. Dalam tulisan ini terlihat bahwa kebolehan poligami dikarenakan kondisi sosial ketika islam belum datang, dan penulis mendapatkan nilai moral yang dikandung dalam hukum ini adalah ingin mengangkat harkat martabat kaum perempuan. Maka dari itu, penulis berkesimpulan bahwa pembatasan menjadi empat orang adalah hal yang mengisyaratkan bahwa perpoligamian itu dilarang dalam islam.
KEBAHAGIAAN DALAM PANDANGAN THOMAS AQUINAS DAN HAMKA
Authors: Rahmadon Rahmadon
Published: May 2020

Bahagia dalam pandangan Thomas Aquinas yang hakiki adalah ketika manusia memandang Ilahi sebagai kebahagiaan yang tertinggi (Contemplation), manusia akan menemukan kebahagiaan sepenuhnya ketika manusia sudah beralih kepada dunia yang fana ini, yaitu ketika manusia sudah   menghadap Ilahi atau sudah berada di alam Baqa. Menurut Hamka, bahagia terdiri dari dua macam, yaitu ukhrawi dan Duniawi. Kebahagiaan Ukhrawi merupakan kebahagiaan yang paling utama, karena kebahagian ini abadi. Seseorang yang berusaha mencapai kebahagiaan ukhrawi akan memiliki keoptimisan dan ketenangan dalam hidup. Ketika diakhirat pun, ia akan mendapat sebaik-baiknya balasan atas kebaikannya selama hidup di dunia. Sedangkan kebahagiaan duniawi, berupa akal dan budi, kesehatan tubuh dan jiwa serta harta yang cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan berbagi dengan sesama sehingga manusia dapat beribadah dan bekerja dengan baik, kebahagiaan duniawi hanyalah suatu pelengkap karena manusia merupakan makhluk dualisme yang perlu dipenuhi kebutuhan rohani dan jasmaninya. Dalam hal Kebahagiaan Hamka dan Thomas memiliki suatu orientasi yang sama yaitu memandang sang Ilahi sebagai kebahagiaan yang Hakiki, juga tentu dalam hal kebahagiaan antara Hamka dan Thomas pun mengandung hal yang berbeda dalam konteks kebahagiaan manusia, karena bagaimana pun mereka merupakan Tokoh yang memiliki banyak  perbedaan  baik  dari  segi  agamanya,  periode  kehidupannya  dan  sisi  keilmuannya.
AJARAN, PENGAMALAN, DAN MAQAMAT TASAWUF
Authors: Firdaus Iqbal
Published: May 2020

Salah satu ilmu yang bertujuan untuk menggapai kebahagiaan akhirat adalah Tasawuf. Tasawuf dalam dunia Islam baru akhir-akhir ini dipelajari sebagai ilmu, sebelumnya dipelajari sebagai jalan untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan.  Manusia pada dasarnya adalah suci, maka kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh sebagian manusia untuk mensucikan diri merupakan naluri manusia. Usaha yang mengarah kepada pensucian jiwa terdapat di dalam kehidupan tasawuf. Tasawuf merupakan suatu ajaran untuk mendekatkan diri sedekat mungkin dengan Allah bahkan kalau bisa menyatu dengan Allah melalui jalan dan cara, yaitu maqâmât dan ahwâl.
PANDANGAN ORIENTALIS TERHADAP SEJARAH ISLAM AWAL
Authors: Ulfahadi Rizki , Surya Reynaldi Adi
Published: May 2020

Islamic Studies in the Western have different view and method from Eastern Islamic studies (such as Arab or Indonesia). The orientalists researched Islam through critical and historical views. One of the topics discussed in this paper is "Early Islam" or "Old Islam" problem, the origin of prophet Muhammad SAW, the origin of the word "Islam", and etc. We explain their opinions about Muslim scholars’ construction of the early Islam.
KEMASAN IDEOLOGI DALAM PESANTREN
Authors: Kaltsum Lilik Ummi
Published: May 2020

The Indonesian Parliament has passed the Pesantren Law. An important point of the Pesantren Law is the state's recognition of pesantren graduates, both formal and informal. Pesantren data from the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia is divided; 12,626 pesantren that focus on studying the Book (Yellow), and 15,109 pesantren who study the Book and other educational providers, with a total of 27,735 pesantren in Indonesia.In an Islamic boarding school, an ideological spirit will be found. The kyai will teach his chosen ideology to all students, both in attitude and speech, both in formal and informal learning. Scientific transformation as well as ideology will gradually form a santri figure similar to his kyai. And the pesantren culture continues to be rooted in obedience and loyalty between the kyai and santri. This situation led to the same spirit. This paper will photograph pesantren in packaging certain ideologies. What is the argument for choosing ideology? How do you socialize it?
Pendidikan Tasawuf Dalam Perspektif Abdullah bin Nuh
Authors: Abidin Zaenal
Published: May 2020

Islam sebagai agama RAHMATAN LIL ‘ȂLAMȊN, lebih mengutamakan kepada cinta dan kasih sayang sesama umat dalam segala aspek, baik aspek religius maupun aspek sosial, dalam aspek religius yang diterjemahkan hablumminallȃh dan aspek sosial dalam arti hablumminannȃs, bagaimana komunikasi kepada Allah dan komunikasi kepada manusia.Kedua aspek tersebut harus berjalan seimbang dengan tujuan keselamatan manusia di dunia dan di akhirat. Manusia sekarang ini lebih cenderung kepada aspek sosial dalam rangka membangun kekuatan dan kemajuan, dengan kata lain “siapa yang kuat dan maju, dia yang menang dan menguasai”, tapi lupa akan tugas pokoknya yaitu sebagai khalifah bagaimana ia bisa mensejahterakan umat manusia dalam kehidupan dan sebagai (‘abdi), bagaimana ia bisa patuh dan tunduk kepada norma-norma agama yang telah ditetapkan oleh Allah SWT. Tuhan tidak menciptakan manusia melainkan untuk beribadah. Kehidupan dunia dan akhirat adalah ibarat dua mata uang yang tidak dapat terpisahkan.Manusia diperintahkan untuk mencari dan mengejar dunia dengan sebanyakbanyaknya, tapi jangan lupa juga kehidupan akhirat, demikian sebaliknya.Namun manusia lebih cenderung kepada kehidupan dunia, sehingga melupakan kehidupan akhirat. Abdullah bin Nuh berusaha melalui pendidikan dan pemikiran yang dikembangkan mendorong manusia menyeimbangkan kehidupan dunia dan akhirat yaitu melalui pendidikan tasawuf yang beliau ajarkan kepada keluarga dan masyarakat dengan meneladani Rasulullah, para sahabat, orang-orang shaleh dan para ulama, terutama Imam Syafi’i dan Ghazali sebagai rujukannya. Pendidikan tasawuf dan psikologi Islam sufistik sebagai alternatif dalam proses  preventif dan kuratif terhadap umat manusia dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah sekarang ini. Abdullah bin Nuh menjadikan pendidikan tasawuf sebagai sebuah metode terhadap penyembuhan dan penyelamatan manusia yaitu melalui dzikir, ibadah dan uswah hasanah yang berpedoman kepada Al-Qur`an dan Sunnah
Al-Hikam Mutiara Pemikiran Sufistik Ibnu Atha’illah as-Sakandari
Authors: Muttaqin Zaenal
Published: May 2020

Cinta terhadap Allah mengharuskan seseorang menempuh medan perjalanan spiritual yang panjang dan terjal. Ditulis dalam gaya bahasa aporisma yang indah tanpa menggusur kedalaman pesan yang ingin disampaikan, Al-Hikam yang ditulis Ibnu Atha’illah as-Sakandari mendeskripsikan jalan-jalan spiritual yang harus ditempuh para penempuh jalan tersebut. Diantaranya, keharusan menjangkau setiap stasiun spiritual (maqam) seperti taubat, zuhd, shabr, tawakkal), dan ridha. Selanjutnya, para penempuh juga akan mencapai sejumlah kondisi (ahwal) seperti khauf, raja’, tawadhu, ikhlas, dan syukr yang harus diterima sebagai karunia Yang Dituju (Allah), bukan hasil usahanya.
PROSES ASAL KEJADIAN ADAM DALAM PANDANGAN ACHMAD BAIQUNI: SEBUAH PENDEKATAN TAFSIR ILMI
Authors: Ghozali Aktobi
Published: May 2020

Perbincangan mengenai kejadian dan asal-mula manusia selalu menarik untuk dikaji. Pernyataan al-Quran mengenai asal kejadian Adam sebagai makhluk biologis menantang para mufassir dan ilmuan untuk menemukan makna dan maksud al-Qur`an sejalan dengan kemajuan cara pandang dan pengetahuan manusia. Dengan pendekatan sains, A.Baiquni mencoba memberikan tafsiran terhadap ayat-ayat al-Qur`an yang mengisyaratkan kejadian manusia secara biologis. Ia menguraikan bagaimana evolusi sebuah istilah terjadi. Kata “turab” misalnya, yang pertama kali hanya diartikan sebagai “debu”, melalui sains dapat diartikan sebagai “sel”. Alur logis bagaimana proses terjadinya adam dapat melahirkan hipotesa baru, bahwa Adam memang manusia yang benar-benar telah hadir di bumi dengan proses alamiah sebagaimana makhluk lainnya. Temuan semacam ini sesungguhnya tidak bertentangan dengan al-Qur`an yang mengisyaratkan bahwa adam pertama kali hidup di surga (jannah). Tetapi justru sebaliknya, hal ini telah memberikan cakrawala baru bahwa sesungguhnya perkembangan sains semakin menunjukkan kebenaran al-Qur`an sebagai al-wahyu dan Islam sebagai agama yang sangat menjujung tinggi ilmu pengetahuan atau sains.
PEMIKIRAN TEOLOGI DALAM TAFSIR DEPARTEMEN AGAMA
Authors: Mansoer Masri
Published: May 2020

Islam yang datang ke Nusantara  adalah paham  teologi Asy`ariyah, kental dengan warna Sufisme (Tarikat) dan kurangnya pengaruh paham teologi rasional Teologi Asy`ariah semakin berkembang dan menjadi mapan di Indonesia ketika sejumlah ulama yang belajar di Timur Tengah, terutama di Makkah dan Madinah, kembali ke Indonesia sejak abad ke-17 dan 18. Mereka ini, yang secara sosial dan intelektual termasuk ke dalam jaringan ulama di Timur Tengah, yang mempelajari dan mengikuti aliran teologi Asyariah, yang selanjutnya mereka sebarkan melalui kitab-kitab yang mereka tulis.  Ulama-ulama besar abad ini seperti Hamzah Fansuri, Ar-Raniri, Abdul Rauf al-Singkili, Al-Maqasri dan Muhammad Nafis Al-Banjari dan Al-Palimbangi adalah pengikut dokrin kalam Asy’ariyah. Namun, hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Penafsiran terhadap ayat-ayat kalam dalam Tafsir Depag memiliki kecenderungan agak dekat kepada corak pemikiran kalam rasional-Maturidiyah Samarkand. Sebaliknya sedikit sekali persamaannya dengan kalam tradisional (Asy’ariyah dan Maturidiyah Bukhara). Dalam membicarakan kemampuan akal dan fungsi wahyu, ada persamaannya dengan paham kalam Maturidiyah Bukhara, tetapi pendapat dalam Tafsir Depag lebih maju, dimana akal punya potensi mengetahui Tuhan, mengetahui Tuhan itu Esa, mengetahui baik dan buruk, mengetahui dasar adanya kebaikan dan keburukan serta mengetahui adanya kehidupan akhirat.
Bubat: Sisi Gelap Hubungan Kerajaan Majapahit Hindu Dengan Kerajan Sunda
Authors: Azmi Syaiful
Published: May 2020

Tulisan  ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tentang peristiwa Bubat dan mengetahui bagaimana hubungan SundaJawa setelah perang Bubat tersebut berdasarkan informasi dari naskah sejarah tradisional. Tulisan ini dianggap penting karena peristiwa Bubat yang sudah berlalu  lebih tujuh abad sejak peristiwa tersebut terjadi, namun dampak dari peristiwa tesebut masih menjadiingatan umum (collective memory) masyarakat Sunda dan penggambaran tentang peristiwa Bubat tersebut sudah menjadi cerita yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun (overall livering).
Surga Dan Neraka Dalam Persepsi Al-Ghazali
Authors: Hanafi Hanafi
Published: May 2020

Ajaran tentang akhirat juga merupak pokok ajaran agama-agama Ibrahimik dan kepercayaan yang pernah ada sebelumnya. Hal ini dapat ditelusiri, misalnya pada bangsa Mesir Kuno, yang telah ada jauh sebelum Islam muncul, adalah bangsa yang dianggap pertama kali yang meyakini adanya kehidupan setelah kehidupan di dunia ini. Bagi al-Ghazali surga dan neraka adalah tempat manusia di kehidupan akhirat. Surga baginya tempat yang penuh kesenangan sedangkan neraka tempat penuh siksaan dan kesengsaraan.
Penggunaan dan Penyalahgunaan Hadis dalam Kehidupan (Pengamalan Hadis Daif dalam Ritual Keagamaan )
Authors: Al-Munawar Said Agil Husin
Published: May 2020

Dari uraian singkat, dapat disimpulkan Ulumul Hadis merupakan cabang ilmu yang sangat luas pembahasannya, termasuk di dalamnya pembahasan sekitar pembagian Hadis. Penggunaan Hadis Shahih dan Hasan dalam kehidupan, baik sebagai sumber hukum, maupun ritual keagamaan, tidak dipermasalahkan oleh para Ulama, yang dipermasalahkan dan menjadi bahan perbedaan adalah penggunaan Hadis Dha‟if, bahkan Maudhu‟ (palsu) dalam kehidupan dan ritual keagamaan. Hadis Dha‟if tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber hukum dan Fadha‟il Al-A‟mal menurut Jumhur „Ulama, boleh dipergunakan dalam beramal, baik dalam persoalan hukum maupun Fadha‟il Al-A‟mal menurut Imam Ahmad, Abu Daud. Ada yang membolehkan dipergunakan dalam persoalan Fadha‟il Al-A‟mal dan Al-Mawa‟izh dengan beberapa persyaratan. Pendapat dan pernyataan Imam Ahmad, Hadis Dha‟if didahulukan atau lebih baik dari ra‟yu dan qiyas harus didudukkan pada posisi pemahaman yang benar dan dimaknai menggunakan Hadis Dha‟if yang sanadnya Hasan dan yang mendekati, didasarkan pada pendapat kalangan yang mengamalkan Hadis yang sanadnya Hasan, atau lebih baik dijadikan sebagai acuan (mengingat di dalamnya masih ada unsur wahyu).Tulisan ini akan mengajak para pembaca untuk memahami penggunaan hadis dalam ritual keagamaan. Dan lebih lanjut akan diuraikan kesalahan penggunaan hadis-hadis tersebut.
Mantik (Logika) : Model Deradikalisasi Ala Pesantren
Authors: Firmansyah Beta
Published: May 2020

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang mantik sebagai model deradikalisasi di Pesantren. Fakta menunjukan Pesantren seolah menjadi sarang dari pelaku-pelaku radikal dan teroris. Upaya banyak dilakukan baik oleh pemerintah maupun oleh pihak pesantren, mulai dari membenahi sistem pembelajaran, membuat standarisasi bahan ajar di pesantren dan lain sebagainya. Akan tetapi menurut penulis, upaya itu hanya di aspek ekternal diri santri, padahal yang sangat berpengaruh adalah aspek inheren dalam diri santri yaitu ideologi yang lahir dari cara berpikir. Tesis peneliti radikalisme lahir dari cara berpikir yang salah. Maka dari itu, peneliti mengajukan mantik/logika sebagai model deradikalisasi di Pesantren. Akan tetapi, mantik tidak diterima oleh semua pihak, dalam artikel ini penulispun menjawab terkait hal tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah deskriptif-analitik. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah (1) logika diafirmasi oleh Alquran dan (2) dengan cara berpikir logis-kritis santi tidak gampang menyesatkan, mengkafirkan sampai tingkat terorisme, akan tetapi dengan logika akan meluluskan alumni pesantren yang moderat dan toleran.
A History Of Concept Sunnah (Rekonstruksi Pemahaman Sunnah di Tinjau dari Segi Sejarah)
Authors: Ardiansyah Rino
Published: May 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan pandangan sunnah yang berasal dari tradisi masyarakat Pra-Islam sampai kepada pasca-Imam asy-Syâfî‟i. Peralihan perkembangan definisi sunnah yang terjadi pasca kemunculan Islam, terjadi kare3na perubahan contoh serta pelembagaan yang ditiru masyarakat Arab pasca-Islam. Meskipun terjadi peralihan contoh dari fase sebelumnya, akan tetapi ada beberapa tradisi masyarakat Arab pra-Islam yang tetap di adopsi dan contoh oleh Nabi Saw. Sunnah kemudian bertranformasi menjadi ijtihad para sahabat. Fase ini yang kemudian menyebabkan sunnah menjadi rujukan kreatif pada masa setelahnya. “sunnah yang hidup" kemudian muncul sebagai slogan yang di promosikan oleh pemikiran para Imam madzhab awal. Mereka merujuk kepada tradisi yang di verifikasi secara turun menurun dari masa sahabat. Kelemahannya, mereka mengabaikan hadis Ahad yang kemudian di kritisi langsung oleh Imam asy-Syâfî‟i. Menurut pemikiran Syâfî‟I, sunnah yang hidup merupakan sunnah yang datangnya dari Nabi Saw. bukan sebuah hasil dari Ijtihad. Dalam tulisan ini, asy-Syâfî‟I juga menguraikan jawaban atas tuduhannya terhadap pengabaian hadis-hadis Ahad. Sehingga pada periode setelahnya sunnah tidak lagi diperdebatkan seperti yang telah terjadi pada masa sebelumnya.
Unsur Kemuliaan dalam Syariat Pengharaman; Reinterpretasi Kata “Haram” dalam Al-Qur’an Melalui Metode Isytiqaq
Authors: Al-Farisi Salman
Published: May 2020

Selama ini kata haram dimaknai sebagai sesuatu yang harus dihindari, dijauhi, dan dilarang yang bisa berdampak pada hukuman dosa. Pemahaman seperti ini melupakan suatu elemen penting dalam makna internal dari kata “haram” dengan memperhatikan asal kata dan derivasinya dalam alQur’an, yakni adanya unsur penghormatan dan kemuliaan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan kebahasaan melalui metode isytiqaq. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini ialah elemen kemuliaan yang terlupakan tersebut merupakan faktor fundamental dimana aturan itu muncul sebagai bentuk penjagaan atas kemuliaan yang sudah ditetapkan oleh Allah selama ini, bukan hanya sebagai pengekang yang membatasi kebebasan manusia
Dracula irmelinae, a new species in the subtribe Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) from the Western Andes of Colombia
Authors: Peláez Nicolás , Meyer Gary E. , Rendon-Jaramillo Ubiel , Fernández Juan David , López-Álvarez Norberto , Mazariegos H. Luiz A.
Published: May 2020

A new species of Dracula (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Colombia is described, honoring Irmelin Indenbirken, mother of the actor and philanthropist Leonardo DiCaprio. D. irmelinae is phenotypically most similar to Dracula verticulosa, but differs in having larger and wider sepals that form a smoothly curved semicircular mentum behind the lip, an indumentum with dark red internal and external maculae and dense long pubescence on the internal sepal surfaces and bases of the tails. The geographic distributions of the two species also differ, with the new species being restricted to a small area in the western Cordillera of Colombia. The conservation status of the new taxon is assessed as Endangered (EN) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria.

Key words: Colombia, Dracula, endangered species, Pleurothallidinae, Western Andes