bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Person Organization Fit, Organizational Commitment and Knowledge Sharing Attitudeâ€“An Analytical Study
Authors: Saleem Wajid A. , . Munazza Ambreen
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship among Person Organization Fit (POF), Organizational Commitment (OC) and Knowledge Sharing Attitude (KSA). The paper develops a conceptual frame based on a theory and literature review. A quantitative approach has been used to measure the level of POF and OC as well as to explore the relationship of these variables with KSA & with each other by using a sample of 315 academic managers of public sector institutions of higher education. POF has a positive relationship with OC and KSA. A positive relationship also exists between OC and KSA. It would be an effective contribution in the existing body of knowledge. Managers and other stakeholders may be helped to recognize the significance of POF, OC and KSA as well as their relationship with each other for ensuring selection of employeeâ€™s best fitted in the organization and for creating and maintaining a conducive environment for improving organizational commitment and knowledge sharing of the employees which will ultimately result in enhanced efficacy and effectiveness of the organization.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in SAARC Countries: An Investigation Using Panel VAR Model
Authors: Pradhan Rudra P.
Published: January 2020

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is considered to be a policy variable to enhance economic growth in the economy. So identifying the determinants of FDI is very challenging among the policymakers. The paper examines the determinants of foreign direct investment in seven SAARC countries over the period 1980-2010. Using panel VAR model, the paper finds that foreign direct investment are largely influenced by economic growth, exchange rate, inflation, labor population, trade balance, current account balance and long term debt outstanding. The impact of economic growth and exchange rate are bidirectional, while the other factors are unidirectional on FDI inflows.
Effective Factors on Alignment of Accounting Information Systems in Manufacturing Companies: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Hajiha Zohreh
Published: January 2020

This study examines accounting information systems (AIS) alignment and its effective factors in the context of manufacturing companies in industries of food and beverage, sugar, materials and pharmaceutical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), in Iran. Strategic alignment is very important in increasing company's performance, however, few studies have been made to investigate the factors that affect alignment and therefore, in this study we aimed to identify different levels of AIS alignment of Iranian companies and then investigated the factors that affect in this alignment. We defined AIS alignment as adoption between AIS requirements and AIS capacity. Using a questionnaire, data from 81 companies (include their financial and executive managers) were gathered on nineteen accounting information specifications for both requirements and capacity of AIS. We applied moderation view for fitness between these two items. Then cluster analysis was applied to categorize companies in two groups of aligned and unaligned. The study then investigated some factors that might be related to AIS alignment. Findings indicate that AIS alignment was related to level of managerâ€™s accounting and IT knowledge; usage of accounting and audit firms as external experts of AIS; and usage of internal IT staff. The company size is also related to AIS alignment. It is important for companies to consider these effective factors on their AIS alignment so that opportunities can be recognized to improve AIS alignment that support their information needs in competitive environment.
An Empirical Analysis of Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth: The Case of Pakistan
Authors: Akram Muhammad , . Mahpara
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of foreign aid on economic growth of Pakistan. The time series data for the period 1980-2008 is used by applying OLS regression model and two diagnostic methods namely Breusch-Pagon and Durbin-Watson tests. Results depict that foreign aid is insignificantly related to the economic growth to Pakistan for short-run and long-run. By excluding the foreign direct investment, results are significant but still a negative relationship exists. This study will help to government organizations by recognizing about the impact of foreign aid on economic growth.
Intellectual Property Valuation Using Income Approach Method for Technology Licensing
Authors: Joshi Dhruv
Published: January 2020

Technology licensing is one of the key transactions that enable translation of R&D investments into profits by commercialization of technology. The elementary economics of such transaction suggests that while a licensor attempts to derive benefits greater than the cost of development of the technology protected by IPR, in exchange of monopoly rights, the licensee attempts to minimize the license value to ensure higher profits. This leads to the requirement of valuation of the technology by either party. This paper presents some of the key characteristics related to intellectual property valuation and an analysis of the income method approach in estimating the profitability of commercialization of a technology involving a patent.
Impact of Culture on Entrepreneur Intention
Authors: Sajjad Syed Imran , . Aasim Munir Dad
Published: January 2020

The main purpose of this study is to identify the role of entrepreneurship in Pakistan. After reviewing the literature, researchers identify those predictors who influence the entrepreneurâ€™s intention with the help of socio cognitive model. National culture of a country influences the entrepreneurâ€™s intention to start new business. Perceived feasibility, perceived desirability and entrepreneurs experience has a direct impact on entrepreneurâ€™s intention. The study finds out the impact of culture on entrepreneur intention, different cultures have different ways to influence the entrepreneur intention and different ways to impact on intentions towards perceived feasibility and perceived desirability .The study helps entrepreneurâ€™s decision making process and also helps out the development of further new business in Pakistan, motivates students to become entrepreneurs and analyzes their feasibility and desirability. Culture varies from country to country, within country different provinces, how different cultures, different traditions, norms and values. So in future, it helps to analyze entrepreneurâ€™s intention in different cultures.
The Comparison of the Ownership Structure at Different Level of the Financial Collapse in Listed Firms of Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Kangarlouei Saeid Jabbarzadeh , . Morteza Motavassel
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this study is to compare ownership structure of different levels of collapse in listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Study variables are the ownership structure that includes governmental ownership, private ownership (corporate ownership and individual ownership) and the different levels of collapse including latency stage, the stage of cash deficits and commercial and financial insolvency and complete collapse. Altman model (ZÂ´- Score) is used to predict the collapse of firm and Chi-Square test is used to test the research hypothesis. The study is the applied research and statistical population of study includes 96 collapse firms that are active in the TSE (subject to Business Law Article 141). Given the availability of financial information of distressed companies in 7 years between 2004-2010 years, a sample of 81 members was selected. The results show that the ownership structure of collapsed firms is independent from their different levels of collapse.
Implication of Behavioral Finance in Investment Decision-making Process
Authors: Jahanzeb Agha , . Saif-ur-Rehman
Published: January 2020

Behavioral finance is a structure that supplements some parts of standard finance and replaces other parts. It portrays the behavior of investors and management in decision-making; it illustrates the outcomes of interactions between investors and managers in financial and capital markets. As decisionmaking is an art to undertake complex situations and investors make irrational decisions during their investments. Therefore, it is a unique art to choose a certain alternative from various alternatives available. Although behavioral finance does not claim that every investor would suffer from similar illusion, instead it sheds light on to take necessary initiatives to avoid such illusions, which influence the process of decision-making, particularly while making investments.
Analyzing the Consequences of Bad Outsourcing on Human Resources in Iranian Public Organizations
Authors: Pourezzat Ali Asghar , . Nader Seyed Kalali , . Ghazaleh Taheri Attar
Published: January 2020

The purpose of present research is to compare the status of perceptional and behavioral consequences on employees who serve in bad-outsourced departments of one of Iranian public organizations and the status of consequences on those employees who serve in non-outsourced departments of the same organization. In this line, such variables as organizational justice, organizational commitment, organizational identity, job security and anti-citizenship behaviors are compared between two groups of staff. The findings show that the rate of organizational justice, organizational commitment, organizational identity and job security among those employees who serve in bad-outsourced sectors is lower than similar variables among non-outsourced ones. In the meantime, there is no significant difference between groups in terms of anticitizenship behaviors variable. Noteworthy, present study was conducted in summer and fall 2010 in Iran.
Risk Analysis of Cargos Damages for Aquatic Products of Refrigerated Containers: Shipping Operatorsâ€™ Perspective in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Wen-Jui , . Chien-Chang Chou , . Fu-Ting Hsu , . Yu-Meng Wang , . Ya-Ning Liu,  Nai-Wen Chang,  Yi-Wen Wu
Published: January 2020

As the development of refrigerated container, transportation of aquatic products is growing rapidly in recent years. It is very important to avoid cargos damages for aquatic products of refrigerated containers, while the shipping operators are running this scope of business. Hence, the risk issue of adopting various improvement strategies would be important for the container shipping operators. In the light of this, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the risks of cargos damages for aquatic products of refrigerated containers based on the container shipping operatorsâ€™ perspective in Taiwan. We use four risk assessment procedures - risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, risk strategies, and risk treatment - as the research method in this paper. The risk factors are generated from literature review and experts interviewing. Then, three dimensions with nineteen risk factors are preliminary identified. We used these risk factors to proceed with the empirical study via questionnaires. Three points of empirical results are presented. At first, the top factor of perceived risk as well as of risk severity is â€˜container data setting errors.â€™ Secondly, the top factor of risk frequency is â€˜lack of the goodsâ€™ pre-cooling themselves.â€™ Thirdly, three risk factors are classified into the low-risk area, whereas sixteen risk factors are placed on the medium-risk area. There is no risk factor fix on the high-risk area. Furthermore, three risk strategies - risk prevention, risk reduction, and risk transfer - are suggested to adopt by different risk factors.
A Review Study of Developing an Advertising Strategy for Westernerâ€™s Companies among Middle East Countries: the Islamic Perspective
Authors: Behravan Navid , . Roozbeh Masoudi
Published: January 2020

The burst in the number of commercial advertisement has been growing over the last few years. The western companies, obviously, have the most shares of market among the Middle Eastern. Hence, it is critical for the companies to adopt an applicable advertisement strategy for their market. The marketers must be aware of both cultural and religious values of the target customers in their advertisement strategy. In the other word, there are many ambiguities and challenges exist to discover such values among Middle East countries. This study aims to provide a guideline for the companies to plan appropriate advertisement strategy in Middle East countries. In-line with the research objective, the study explores standardization and localization advertisement strategy aligns with the Muslim countries' advertisement strategy. The study also presents the importance of both regional culture and religion in advertising strategy in Muslim countries. As the paperâ€™s outcome, an Advertising Multi-Views Model has introduced to assist multi-national companies to develop their business among Middle East countries. The model advocates the higher ads effectiveness by supporting humor, fairness, morality and incentives in companiesâ€™ advertisement strategy.
Exploring the Purchasing Motives of Young Pakistani Consumers for Foreign Brands
Authors: Rafi Arslan , . Sharjeel Saqib , . Ali Iftikhar Choudhary , . Syed Azeem Akhtar
Published: January 2020

Cross-border service relationships are considerable issues in Pakistan, which tend researchers to work in this area of research. The core purpose of this study was to explore the impact of quality, satisfaction, and value on purchase intentions for foreign brands among young Pakistani customers. The data was collected from a random sample of 500 university students through questionnaire designed by the researchers. The findings suggest that providing quality and satisfaction to Pakistani ethnocentric customers does not guarantee the brand to earn loyalty in return. Foreign brands can succeed in creating brand value through creating a convinced link with some tangible benefits and by creating means of self-presentation for the customers. The studentâ€™s responses can be assumed as a limitation of this study, which can be justified by considering the fact that the study is first of its type in the Pakistani environment.
Impact of Financial Crisis on Textile Industry in Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Faisal , . Muti Ur Rehman , . Aslam Perviz
Published: January 2020

The aim of study is to analyze the performance of Textile sector in Pakistan covering the preâ€“crisis period, post crisis period and period of crisis as well. For this purpose data were collected from overall textile sector from available sources for the period of five years. According to the most of the analysts, financial crisis 2008-09 is serious one after the world wide great depression of 1930â€™s. The analyses have been conducted on the basis of financial ratios (Profitability, liquidity and activity). The profitability ratios such as returns on assets were affected by financial crisis because returns on asset were decreased in crisis period as compared to cover pre and post crisis and same is the situation of return on equity that was also affected by financial crisis. The earnings per share are also reduced in financial crisis period because before and after crisis earning per share was positive but negative in crisis. The liquidity of this sector was also affected by financial crisis. Turnover of the assets also proved that assets were poorly managed by textile sector in financial crisis period. The results showed that the performance of textile sector had been better in pre-crisis and post-crisis while it was bad during crisis period.
The Antecedents and Consequences of Learned Helplessness in Work Life
Authors: Tayfur Ozge
Published: January 2020

Technologies, processes and products are easily imitated in todayâ€™s business world, so organizations can differentiate themselves from others only with their human capital. Helplessness, which may reflect itself as alienation, withdrawal, turnover intention is a serious problem that could prevent the adequate utilization of human capital. The overarching purpose of this study was to review â€œlearned helplessness literatureâ€ with specific focus on helplessness in work context. This study, hopefully provided insights about why employees exhibit passive behaviors and apathy; in other words fall into helplessness even though they could initiate a change. In the first part, development of learned helplessness concept was explained together with initial models and experiments. After providing this background information, the individual and work-related antecedents of helplessness were listed. As part of antecedents, the impact of locus of control, gender, role stressors (i.e., workload, ambiguity) and organization structure was discussed briefly. In the third part, both organizational and individual consequences of helplessness were mentioned. Finally, suggestions were made to both practitioners and researchers in order to contribute advancement of theory and improvement of quality of work life.
Identifying Effective Factors on Technological Entrepreneurship in Iranian Nanotechnology SMEs
Authors: Pakrad Mahdi , . Reza Mohammad Kazemi
Published: January 2020

Technological entrepreneurship is the latest issue in the field of entrepreneurship and fostering competitive advantages in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which has been received special attention. Given the lack of coherent literature review to apply technological strategies in SMEs, and also because of the role of technology based firms which are active in industries with new technologies, such as Nano-Technology industry, while the technological entrepreneurship literature review has been investigated, this article is principally intended to identify effective factors on technological entrepreneurship in Iranian Nanotechnology SMEs. The research methodology of the current article is a mixed one; in the qualitative stage, semi-structured and open interviews and investigation of related documents have been used, and in the quantitative stage, the questionnaire has been applied to gather data. In the researchâ€™s quantitative stage, a statistical population consisted of managers, expert employees of the case study have been considered, and the simple random sampling method has been used. In addition, in this stage, the questionnaires have been used as the data collection tool and the experts in the qualitative stage measured the researchâ€™s validity, and the questionnaireâ€™s reliability has been approved through Cronbachâ€™s alpha of 0.81. The mean analysis has been applied in this stage for the data analysis. The findings of this paper shows that the effective factors on technological entrepreneurship in Iranian Nanotechnology SMEs are categorizes in the four issues of â€œInternal Processesâ€, â€œIndividual Factorsâ€, â€œInstitutionsâ€ and â€œExternal Networksâ€.
High Commitment Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Outcomes, HR Attribution Theory and a Proposed Model in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Rimi Nadia Newaz
Published: January 2020

Human resource management (HRM) practices have been studied as a composite or bundle approach with different names including different practices. Each bundle includes common HRM practices of staffing, compensation, training and development, performance appraisal, job design and career development issues with varying dimensions. The present study refers these HRM practices as High Commitment HRM (HCHRM) practices. Prior studies identify these HCHRM practices related to employee outcomes of satisfaction, commitment and retention. Consistent with early findings, the present study believes a relation between HCHRM and employee outcomes. Additionally, HR attribution theory is discussed here to explain the causal relationship between HCHRM practices and employee outcomes. Based on the review of HCHRM practices literatures and existing HRM practices of Bangladesh, a research model is proposed and propositions are developed, The model is expected to be tested in future to identify the relationship among HCHRM practices, HR attribution and employee outcomes in the context of Bangladesh. The proposed model can be tested in other countries as well.
Impact of Training on Expectation of Employee and Employer: A comparative study
Authors: Javed Syed Muhammad , . Saqib Muneer , . Melati Ahmad Anuar
Published: January 2020

Organizations today spend millions of dollars on training to enhance the performance of their employees, which leads to formation of expectation on employers end as well as employees ends observing this phenomena ,this research was conducted to analyze the expectations of employee and employer and its impact on post training satisfaction, for that matter data was collected from 20 organization where training is provided ,sample size was 20 training / HR managers and per managers 5 employees, paired sample t test was applied to gauge the difference or similarity between the perception and expectation of employees and employer, after the analysis it was found that there is significant difference between the perception of employee and employers on the expected training outcomes and no similarity existed between the expectation of employee and employer which did not have positive effect on post training satisfaction.
Information use on Decision-making Process of Administrative Staff of Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Unegbu Vincent E.
Published: January 2020

Information is vital in decision making; and bad decisions most of the times are as a result of lack of adequate information. This research examined the administrative staffâ€™s use of information in their decision making process in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The descriptive survey, total enumeration technique, and a well-structured questionnaire were used to obtain data. Most of the administrative staff members were fully aware of how the use of information aids in administrative decisions. The most frequently consulted information sources were internal memo, minutes of meeting, schedules of meeting, past conference papers and dictionaries. The reasons for administrative staffâ€™s use of information were according to confronting issues like scheduling appointments, calling up meetings, and recruiting new staff. The use of mobile phones by administrative staff should be encouraged since the administrators could receive messages anywhere and at any point in time to make both individual and administrative decisions.
Can Employee Share Option Scheme Improve Firmâ€™s Performance? A Malaysian case study
Authors: Long Choi Sang , . Ajagbe Akintunde Musibau
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the impact of employee share option schemes (ESOs) on one company in Malaysia. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be useful to companies who wish to adopt such schemes and to market regulators. The financial and operational indicators were studied for a total period of 11 years (five pre-ESOs and five post ESOs). In line with the findings of other studies done in Malaysia, Singapore and other countries, it has been found that the deterioration in financial performance was not arrested by ESOs. The operation and productivity of the company showed no improvement postESOs. This study concludes that ESOs do not motivate employees and the objectives of the ESOs were not fulfilled. This study also finds that the beneficiaries of ESOs are the majority shareholders/managers and the losers are the minority shareholders. Based on these results, it will be difficult to make a case for the usefulness of ESOs.
How Customer Loyalty Model Be Operative? A study of Cellular Phone Service Providers in Pakistan
Authors: Junaid-ul-haq Junaid-ul-haq , . Rao Umer Nasir
Published: January 2020

The idea of this study is raised because of tough competition in cell phone industry of Pakistan. In this scenario, every organization after retaining customer tries to make him/her loyal. The loyalty, which has rigorously investigated, empirically tested with different combination of variables, which collectively help in making the customer loyal. Data were collected through 508 questionnaires. Respondents were pre-paid cell phone customers. Data was analyzed via factor loading and reliability of variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used for the testing of hypotheses. Loyalty model was found significantly responsive for cellular phone services in Pakistan. Perceived service quality, satisfaction, trust and image have chained link of positive affects, which leads to loyalty of customers in the telecom sector of Pakistan. Customers do not take effect of perceived service quality. However, it is service quality, which satisfies customer through image of the organization. This loyalty model is more preferably applicable in the industry where competition is tough and switching rate is high. In future researches, this model can be tested across the culture. Moreover, more variables can be added to strengthen the loyalty model.
Implementation of the Cash Revenue System: A Case Study in the Local Government Task Forcesâ€™ Units of North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Muda Iskandar , . Muhammad Safri Lubis
Published: January 2020

Based on the central government regulations; No. 32/2004 and No. 33/2004, a reform in governance and public sector activities has been suggested as well a new paradigm shaped in the development and management of the local financial system. The earlier adoption of the government regulation (PP) No. 58/2005 had been enhanced with the issuing of the Ministry of Home Affairsâ€™ Regulation (Permendagri) No. 59/2007 which lays out comprehensive guidelines for the implementation of the administrative and financial accounting subject. In this Permendagriâ€™s No. 59/2007 guidelines of financial management, by definition, the accounting system is used as a series of procedures ranging from the process of data collection, recording, summarizing, up to financial reporting responsibilities in the budget implementation framework. The model data structure is designed to give a high degree of accuracy and a higher relevance in the development of the accounting information system, without being distracted by the application code changes. The descriptive analysis adopted in this study uses both tools of the visual basic program and database of Microsoft SQL designs. The programming part is to present the results of the local governmentâ€™s manual finance report into several generated computerized systems. In preparing the financial statements, it is deemed sufficient to create one format followed by the transaction journal which automatically posts directly the generated processing and financial reports. These courses will greatly assist in the preparation of the financial statements. By having such reliable information technology support, the financial governance rules contained in Permendagri are able to ensure the effectiveness of the internal control systemsâ€™ design.
Glyphosate Market in Thailand: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Suvittawat Adisak
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the opportunities and challenges of the glyphosate market in Thailand, which is affected by product registration laws, demand, supply, and product positioning and price segmentation. The methodology of this study consists of primary data from 2013 market surveys both at dealer and farmer levels and secondary data collected from 2009-2013 using descriptive methods. The results show that herbicides, fungicides and insecticides werethetop three kinds of imported pesticides used for crop production in Thailand from 2009-2013. Herbicide imports increased fromUS$291.83 million (MUSD) and 53,615.20 tons in 2009, to 352.93 MUSD and 60,231.52 tons in 2012. Glyphosate was the leading pesticide import in 2012, in cost and amount, at 88.13 MUSD and 19,721 tons. Many glyphosate brands compete in a price-segmented market. Monsantoâ€™s Roundup brand is the most expensive, at 18.12-18.75USD per four liters (/4 L). Brands such as Ecomax are priced in the medium range, at13.75-16.25 USD/4 L. This segment has other brands too, such as Market and Popular, and they are sold in different regions. Other brands are in the lowest price range, at 1.25-13.45 USD/4 L. Thailand has not yet approved genetically modified (GM) crops that can tolerate glyphosate, so the market for glyphosate is very limited at the moment. If the Thai government approves GM crops, the glyphosate market will have more opportunity for growth.
Mobile AR for Cultural Heritage Site towards Enjoyable Informal Learning: A Revised Conceptual Model
Authors: Pendit Ulka Chandini , . Juliana A. Abu Bakar
Published: January 2020

The need of visitor has been changed in tourism which is to learn and have meaningful experience. However, Mobile Augmented Reality technology that caters enjoyable informal learning in cultural heritage site is still limited. Therefore a conceptual model is proposed to guide developers in developing such mobile AR application to promote enjoyable informal learning. This article describes the proposed model which is called as a â€˜conceptual model of mobile AR for cultural heritage site towards enjoyable informal learningâ€™. Expert review and focus group discussion methods were conducted to evaluate the proposed model are also explained in this article. Prior to the evaluation process, a field study was also conducted to discover novel components of enjoyable informal learning content in cultural heritage site. The results of all methods conducted were contributed to the development of a conceptual model. The conceptual model consists of two levels which in the first level; it contains three main components (mobile AR technology, enjoyable informal learning, and cultural heritage site) and in the second level of the model provides detail information which contains the elements of each component.
The impact of Involvement in CRM Initiative on Inter-functional Integration and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Pakistani Enterprises
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , . Mohammad Asif Khan , . Noor Ismawati Jaafar , . Ainin Sulaiman
Published: January 2020

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is IT based system that manage customer long term relationship, and also inter-function relationship within the organization with the ultimate purpose of creating customer value by sharing concise, sufficient, accurate, reliable, and timely valuable information has greatly enhanced inter-functional integration (IFI) and organizational performance (OP). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among three constructs: 1) Involvement (IN) of marketing and IT departments in CRM initiative, 2) IFI, and 3) OP, and presents conceptual model based on this relationship in which involvement in CRM initiative can affect OP either directly or indirectly through IFI. Data collected based on online survey from 30 large companies in Pakistan are analyzed in accordance with research objectives by using correlation, descriptive statistics, simple linear regression and other statistical tools of SPSS. Research findings suggest that involvement in planning, implementation, and usage of CRM system has positive but no significant immediate effect on OP and instead that it improves OP via indirect significant and potential positive effect on IFI highlight the importance for management to endorse IFI and consider involvement of stakeholders in CRM initiative as enabler.
The Effect of Exhibitorsâ€™ Brand Equity on Visitorsâ€™ Purchase Intention: Moderating Role of 3D Experiential Marketing
Authors: Hung Chao-Chih , . Wen-Long Zhuang
Published: January 2020

This study explores the effect of exhibitorsâ€™ brand equity on visitorsâ€™ purchase intention, as well as the moderating effect of visitorsâ€™ 3D experiential marketing on the above relationship. This study examined the visitors to a Taiwanese companyâ€™s exhibition booth at a famous India international mechanical fair. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed and 103 valid surveys were returned, indicating a response rate of 68.67%. Empirical results indicated that exhibitorsâ€™ brand equity and visitorsâ€™ purchase intention are significantly and positively related; the interactive effect of visitorsâ€™ think experience and exhibitorsâ€™ brand equity is significantly related to visitorsâ€™ purchase intention.
PLS-based SEM Algorithms: The Good Neighbor Assumption, Collinearity, and Nonlinearity
Authors: Kock Ned
Published: January 2020

The partial least squares (PLS) method has been extensively used in information systems research, particularly in the context of PLS-based structural equation modeling (SEM). Nevertheless, our understanding of PLS algorithms and their properties is still progressing. With the goal of improving that understanding, we provide a discussion on the treatment of reflective and formative latent variables in the context of three main algorithms used in PLS-based SEM analyses â€“PLS regression, PLS Mode A, and PLS Mode B. Two illustrative examples based on actual data are presented. It is shown that the â€œgood neighborâ€ assumption underlying modes A and B has several consequences, including the following: the inner model influences the outer model in a way that increases inner model coefficients of association and collinearity levels in tandem, and makes measurement model analysis tests dependent on structural model links; instances of Simpsonâ€™s paradox tend to occur with Mode B at the latent variable level; and nonlinearity is improperly captured. In spite of these mostly detrimental outcomes, it is argued that modes A and B may have important and yet unexplored roles to play in PLS-based structural equation modeling analyses.
Customers as Volunteers? E-Customer Citizenship Behavior and Its Antecedents
Authors: Ponnusamy Gokiladevi
Published: January 2020

The low barriers to enter into the e-marketplace have inevitably intensified the competition among e-retailers. Online retailers are struggling to build a sustainable business model that ensures customersâ€™ continuing commitment to their businesses. This study addresses the challenges faced by eretailers in terms of examining website services and functionalities that would consequently lead to eloyalty among customers. Empirical findings, based on 385 online apparel shoppers, have shown that extending customersâ€™ voluntary behavior (customer citizenship behavior) that can be cultivated upon gaining customersâ€™ satisfaction and loyalty provide leads to a better future for e-retailerâ€™s sustainability. This study examines the applicability of expectancy-disconfirmation theory and social exchange theory in the virtual world.
Influencing Rural Entrepreneursâ€™ Participation in Training Programs in the East Mamprusi District of Ghana
Authors: Bagah Daniel A. , . Gordon Terkpeh Sabutey
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of rural entrepreneursâ€™ participation in training programs with empirical evidence from the East Mamprusi District in the northern region of Ghana. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 120 owners of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises via a multistage sampling process. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The study identifies several factors to have significant influence on the likelihood of participation. These include entrepreneurâ€™s socio-demographic features, access to services and past experience acquired in their business operations. Government, Non-governmental Organizations and Civil Society Organizations should, therefore, put more effort in widening the scope of participation in entrepreneurial skills development training. Appropriate attention should be given to gender, age, education, past experience, membership to association and media of advertisement since they are the factors that drive entrepreneurial motivation to participate in training programs. Rural entrepreneurs should develop the initiative to form associations where information on training needs can easily reach them. Any training intervention should also target young entrepreneurs to have more participants. These results have implications for entrepreneurship development in least developed countries.
Internal and External Factors Influencing Financial Performance in Improving Competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises in Jayapura City
Authors: Mugiati Mugiati
Published: January 2020

This study aims to identify and analyze the direct influence of internal factors (consisting of: Human Resource Management, Production, Marketing, Working Capital, Organization) and External Factors (which are Government Policy and competitors) on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Jayapura city. Data collecting method data are observation, interviews, and questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), with Amos Software. Results show that internal factor like human resource management does not affect the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Jayapura city, while the internal factors of production, marketing, working capital, organizational influence the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Jayapura city. The analysis also showed that the internal factors of human resource management, production, marketing, working capital and organizational influence on the competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises in the city of Jayapura. External factors which consist of: government policies and competitors affect the financial performance and competitiveness of small and medium enterprises businesses in the city of Jayapura. Financial performance affects the competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises in Jayapura city.
The Effect of Empowerment Program on the Development of Scavengerâ€™s Welfare at Mancani Trash Centre in Palopo District the Province of South Sulawesi
Authors: Qamaruddin Muh. Yusuf
Published: January 2020

This study aims to see The Effect of Empowerment Program on The Development of Scavengerâ€™s Welfare at Mancani Trash Centre in Palopo District the Province of South Sulawesi. Data analysis method applied in the study was quantitative analysis using Simple Linear Regression involving two variables. The results from analysis of the effect of empowerment program on the development of scavengerâ€™s welfare at Mancani trash centre in Palopo the province of south Sulawesi presented in table 4.4 showed R-value of 0.684 reflected that there is positive and significant relationship between the program and the development of scavengerâ€™s welfare. From these results, double determinant coefficient value (R 2) of 0.467 implied that Xvariable, which is the program itself, contributed of 46.7% on the development of scavengerâ€™s welfare. The rest of 53.3% was influenced by other factors.
Effect of Supply Chain Management: Just in Time for Competitiveness and Corporate Performance in Industrial Area Manufacturing Company in Makassar
Authors: Fajriah Yana , Themba Orfyanny S , . Pattarapanna
Published: January 2020

This research design using survey method with data collection in cross-section through a questionnaire. The samples using simple random sampling with the number of respondents is 132 Managers in Manufacturing Company in Makassar Industrial Area. Data analysis method used in testing the hypothesis was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study provide evidence that just in time has no significant effect on the performance of the company. Supply chain management and competitive advantage have significant influence on the performance of the company. Supply chain management has significant influence on the competitive advantage. Competitive Advantage is a complete mediation in describing just in time for the performance of the company while in explaining the effect of supply chain management on the performance of the company, acting as a competitive advantage partial mediation. The practical implications of this research may provide an improved understanding of managers in improving company performance through competitive advantages influenced by supply chain management and just-in-time. Limitations of this study on a sample size of only using the manager just limiting the generalization the research finding. Originality of this study provide a basis for the development configuration modeling using SEM and conceptual models that prove the influence of supply chain management and just-in-time to the improvement of the performance of the company by entering a competitive advantage as mediation relationships between variables, which in previous studies carried out separately.
Assessing the Factors Influencing Service Innovation Capabilities and Performance
Authors: Omar Nor Asiah , Nazri Muhamad Azrin , Alam Syed Shah , Ahmad Azhar
Published: January 2020

Innovation has been recognized as a central source of business growth and a key determinant of competitive advantage for many organizations. This paper seeks to address two main objectives. The first objective is to examine the direct effect of organizational structure (i.e. centralization and formalization), transformational leadership, organizational learning and customer orientation on innovation capabilities. The second objective is to examine the effect of innovation capability and organizational performance. Findings show that customer orientation, organizational learning, and transformation leadership had significant positive effects on innovation capability. The results further show that innovation capability had a significant impact on organizational performance.
Factorial Validation of a Corporate Social Responsibility Perception Scale for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
Authors: ManrÃ­quez Martha RÃ­os , Mateo Celina LÃ³pez , Guerra JuliÃ¡n Ferrer
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The aim of this study is obtaining a valid and reliable scale to evaluate the Corporate Social Responsibility perception level (pCSR) of micro, small, and medium-sized Mexican enterprises. A literature review revealed 58 items among 11 dimensions: Ethics, performance, business model changes, quality of working life, the environment, community outreach, marketing, philanthropy, competitiveness, and the interests of stakeholders. A total of 296 companies located in Mexico were considered for the study. Principal axis factoring with varimax rotation was performed with the Exploratory Factorial Analysis Technique (EFA) to give an interpretation to the pCSR in the Mexican context. The factors found are the environment and social commitment, performance, ethics, change in business model, restrictions, and competitiveness. The outcomes show that the scale is valid and reliable for use in evaluating pCSR in micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. This scale is a tool that allows us to evaluate the social responsibility of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, we conclude that considering the characteristics of Latin America, we have provided an original scale to measure pCSR.
Motivators of Construction Workers in the South African Construction Sites: A Case Study
Authors: W.D Thwala
Published: January 2020

Construction industry involves laborious and hazard work because of its demands it requires energetic and enthusiastic people and this are the attributes that in most cases young people poses. Construction industry stakeholder should shift their attention and prioritize the motivation of its workers since the industry has a way of cubing poverty and uplifting the countyâ€™s economy. This study used data from both primary and secondary sources a special focus on leadership and human resource management context. A survey was conducted with managers and employees regarding motivation on construction site were conducted at different parts of Gauteng. Furthermore, employees work because they obtain something that they need from work and that something obtained from work impacts morale, employee motivation, and the quality of life. Workforce motivation affects productivity. Because most of the activities are done under difficult conditions including harsh weather conditions, to make it attractive employees should be motivated to carry out different activities. Motivators should be in place to improve the chances of the industryâ€™s competitiveness both locally and internationally.
Job Satisfaction of Malaysian Nurses: A Causal Model
Authors: Choong Yuen-Onn , . Thiam-Yong Kuek , . Eng-Keong Lee
Published: January 2020

Turnover intention is a challenging issue for most of the developed and developing countries. Past studies revealed that there were two common approaches to enhance nursesâ€™ retention. The first approach is focus on recruitment and selection activities as well as establishes more schools and colleges of nursing that will produce more nursing graduate. The second approach is to attract and retain more dedicated and quality professional nursing staff. Substantial studies have confirmed that job satisfaction as a major predictor of turnover intention. Therefore, this paper is mainly focus on identifying significant predictors of job satisfaction which will subsequently reduce turnover intention among staff nurses in Malaysia healthcare industry.
Financial Liberalization and the Stability of Short-run and Long-run Money Demand in Iran
Authors: Zare Maryam
Published: January 2020

Money demand is one of the most important macro-economic variables that could be of great importance to the economic prospect of a country. Therefore, awareness on how this function behaves and by adoption of appropriate economic policies, it is possible, by and large, to avoid the emergence of disorder. The present study, employing the annual time series data related to Iranian economy during 1973-2009, tries to investigate possible relationships between financial liberalization and money demand stability in Iran, in the form of 4 models. To do so, Zivot-Andrews (1992) Unit Root Test was applied in order to clarify endogenous structural changes and Gregory-Hansen (1996) Cointegration Test was administered to investigate the long-run relationships between financial liberalization and money demand stability in Iran, with an emphasis on the structural breaks during the period under study. The results of the study show that by taking the structural break into consideration, there is a significant short and long run relationship between financial liberalization and money demand stability in Iran.
Service Quality in Sport: A Higher Education Perspective
Authors: Veerasamy Dayaneethie , . Magalingam Atheeshey Pillay
Published: January 2020

Although the University remains a strong competitor in major sport codes, there has been a general decline in student participation in physical activity. This is evident by the low participation rate of students in competitive sport. The aim of this paper was to investigate studentsâ€™ expectations and perceptions of the sport offering at the University. A total of 400 students completed the survey using a questionnaire developed from the SERVQUAL instrument. All the service quality dimensions in the studentsâ€™ surveys of sport at the University contain negative mean gap scores. From these findings, the Sport department at the University can identify specific gaps in the service quality dimensions and seek to close them. Service quality dimensions that are deemed to be good predictors of service quality have been related to factors relating to tangibility, reliability and responsiveness. The University should address these dimensions in its attempt to improve on service quality. The reliability dimension, which has emerged as the most important service quality predictor, needs the most attention.