bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’action communautaire des biffins, un défi pour le travail social
Authors: Mercier Olivia , Bucolo Elisabetta
Published: August 2020

Le travail social fait l’objet de critiques qui soulignent ses carences et le besoin de repenser l’action sociale dans la mesure où elle est susceptible de priver les personnes de leur force de proposition et d’initiative. Un ensemble de pratiques citoyennes propose un changement de paradigme et s’inscrit dans le sillage de l’action communautaire. Il s’agit de démarches d’action collective qui relèvent d’une logique d’ empowerment par la valorisation des ressources des personnes, des groupes, des communautés. C’est une action politique, levier pour le pouvoir d’agir des plus pauvres et des exclus, capable d’appuyer le déploiement de formes inédites d’organisation et de solidarité issues de collectifs citoyens qui viennent questionner le travail social. Cependant, l’action communautaire reste difficile à cerner car elle agit dans plusieurs domaines et s’exprime sous différentes formes. Pour cette raison, nous nous sommes intéressées à une pratique spécifique, celle des biffins en Île-de-France, de l’Association de marché écologique individuel organisé de la récupération (AMELIOR). Elle favorise une forme d’insertion renouvelée, ainsi non seulement les biffins s’auto-organisent mais ils revendiquent des droits dans une visée d’émancipation par l’occupation d’espaces socio-économiques dont ils sont généralement exclus. Nous questionnerons ainsi l’impact de l’action communautaire des biffins sur les pratiques et le cadre du travail social.
Projets d’insertion bien ordonnés et normes de « bon recours » dans les fonds départementaux d’aide aux jeunes
Authors: Trombert Christophe
Published: August 2020

L’article aborde les caractéristiques de demandes d’aide financière à l’insertion jeunesse que produisent des professionnels de l’intervention sociale lorsqu’ils ont recours et participent aux fonds départementaux d’aide aux jeunes. Alors que le budget annuel d’aide financière est limité et que le nombre de demandeurs ne peut être estimé à l’avance, quels sont les repères cognitifs et normatifs des acteurs pour sélectionner les dossiers ? Dans cette recherche des conceptions pratiques des normes d’insertion, nous laisserons en partie de côté l’étape de l’instruction de l’aide pour nous concentrer sur la prise de décision en commission d’attribution. Nous verrons qu’une vulnérabilité initiale n’est pas suffisante pour comprendre les décisions d’accord et de refus. Des garanties du bon usage de l’aide pour améliorer une insertion socioprofessionnelle, un projet professionnel « réaliste », une cause légitime aux difficultés rencontrées, un rapport méritoire aux aléas de la vie, apparaissent comme des paramètres centraux de l’appréciation des situations, c’est-à-dire conditionnent l’accès à une instruction de la demande d’aide puis à une décision d’accord.
Toute-puissance et impuissance dans les mesures d’aide éducative : une mainlevée problématique
Authors: Autant-Dorier Claire
Published: August 2020

L’article rend compte d’une enquête menée au sein d’une association exerçant des mesures d’assistance éducative à domicile qui expérimente un dispositif renforcé afin de faire avec les usagers et de développer leur capacité d’agir. Partant d’un questionnement sur la traduction de la demande, celle-ci révèle des situations problématiques de mainlevée où il est mis fin à la mesure alors que les besoins demeurent et qu’une demande s’exprime. La reprise d’un cas met à jour un procès réciproque en (in)capacité : l’équipe éducative pointe la toute-puissance de la mère qui « met en échec » la mesure, tandis que celle-ci reproche aux instances éducatives d’être « incapables » d’aider son fils. La mainlevée signe alors l’impuissance des travailleurs sociaux à agir. Cette situation donne à voir comment les décalages dans les représentations et attentes respectives comme dans les temporalités et logiques d’action provoquent de la résistance et du décrochage. Le texte pose la question de l’effectivité des droits des familles dans leurs rapports avec les services de l’aide sociale à l’enfance et de l’efficacité du dispositif d’assistance éducative. Au-delà du pouvoir discrétionnaire des professionnels, les traductions et décisions prises interrogent la pertinence des politiques sociales et les conditions de leur mise en œuvre à l’échelle locale.
Effect of replacement of sunflower seed meal with isonitrogenousPolistes instabilis onin vitro methanogenesis and rumen fermentation
Authors: Büyükkılıç Beyzi S.
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing sunflower seed meal (SM) with isonitrogenousPolistes instabilis (PI) onin vitro methanogenesis, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility. The SM was replaced with isonitrogenous PI at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% proportions. Treatment groups were as follows: P0 = no replacement of SM with PI; P0.5 = 0.5% replacement of SM with PI; P1 = 1% replacement of SM with PI; P2 = 2% replacement of SM with PI; P4 = 4% replacement of SM with PI; and P8 = 8% replacement of SM with PI. As a result of this study, gas and methane production decreased linearly with PI inclusion in diet. The lowest value ofin vitro organic matter digestibility, truly degraded substrate, metabolisable energy, and net energy lactation were observed in the P8 group.In vitro ruminal pH did not change linearly but was higher in P2 group than P0.5 group according to the combined effect. The propionic acid concentration in the rumen was lowest in P1 and P4 group and highest in P8 group; the quadratic effect was also significant. The butyric acid concentration in the rumen was not affected by dietary treatments. The short-chain fatty acids concentration decreased linearly with PI replacement. The fermentation efficiency was higher in P8 group than P1 and P4 groups. The replacement of SM withP. instabilis in beef cattle diet has the potential to reduce methane emissions. However, due to the high lipid content, it generally results in lower gas production and digestibility at 8% inclusion in the diet.
Reflux: When Is It More Than a Laundry Problem?
Authors: Kornfeld Benjamin , Wild Bridget M.
Published: August 2020

Despite growing cautionary evidence against routine pharmacologic management of infant reflux, proton-pump inhibitors and H2-receptor antagonists are regularly asked for and prescribed at pediatric well-visits in the first year of life. It is important to distinguish between physiologic gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesopheal reflux disease, even though the symptoms can seem interchangeable and overlap with other normal developmental phenomena and common conditions, such as cow's milk protein intolerance. Careful history, ample anticipatory guidance, and nonpharmacologic intervention should be attempted before consideration of acid suppression therapy in the first year of life. If the general clinician feels medication is warranted in the absence of clear indicating medical comorbidities, consultation with a pediatric gastroenterologist should be considered.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(8):e329–e331.]
Understanding Abusive Head Trauma: A Primer for the General Pediatrician
Authors: Deutsch Stephanie A.
Published: August 2020

Abusive head trauma (AHT) refers to a well-recognized constellation of injuries caused by the direct application of force to an infant or young child, resulting in trauma to the head, intracranial contents, and/or neck, with potentially devastating health outcomes. Mechanisms of AHT include impulsive injurious acts, such as violent shaking and impact, often due to caregiver frustration or exhaustion. Subdural and retinal hemorrhage, and associated extracranial injury (fractures, abdominal trauma), are common. Suspected victims require laboratory/diagnostic testing and occult injury screening, as well as protective measures by investigative authorities to ensure safety. Medicolegal controversies persist around AHT diagnosis, including alternative hypotheses proffered in court by skeptics despite advances in scientific understanding, biomechanical research, neuroimaging techniques, and perpetrator confessions. Pediatricians play a key role in prevention and reduction of AHT morbidity and mortality through anticipatory guidance and caregiver education about the risks of shaking, normal infant development and behavior, and encouragement of stress reduction strategies.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(8):e347–e353.]
A Closer Look: Medical Conditions that Mimic Physical Abuse
Authors: Ngo Vi
Published: August 2020

The US Department of Health and Human Services statistics indicate that cases of child maltreatment are rising. This can be an extra burden on an already strained health care system. Although a call to child protective service may be warranted, a thorough history and initial testing may be sufficient to diagnose a child abuse mimic and rule out physical abuse. This testing can help facilitate the investigation and can also prevent unneeded stress on a family. The most common presentation of physical abuse is a skin finding, typically a bruise. A detailed history and physical examination can help differentiate between physical abuse and mimics of physical abuse. Familiarity with mimics can help one in establishing a differential diagnosis and facilitate the testing for physical abuse. As skin findings may be the first indicator of abuse, this article focuses on abnormal skin findings that can mimic abuse and how to differentiate them from abuse.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(8):e341–e346.]
Pulling the Wool Off Our Eyes: Medical Child Abuse
Authors: Hoffman Amber
Published: August 2020

Medical child abuse (MCA) continues to remain a challenging form of abuse to recognize, diagnose, and manage. The perpetrators of MCA have some common features that may heighten the suspicion that a child is the victim of MCA. Once suspected, the development of a multidisciplinary care plan that incorporates all subspecialists and health care providers involved in the child's care is essential. A structured approach to record review can clarify the concerns and discrepancies as well assist in potential future testimony. The use of overt or covert video surveillance systems are potential modalities to aid in making the diagnosis of MCA. If called to testify, it is helpful to understand the court system. Risks to the child from MCA are great and include a high level of long-term morbidity and mortality. Understanding this diagnosis and having a plan in place to address it when suspected can prevent further harm to the child.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(8):e354–e358.]
How the Perceived Language Status of Brunca Affects Resource Allocation in Costa Rica
Authors: Seibert Hanson Aroline E.
Published: August 2020

Beginning with the conquest and colonization of the land that now comprises Costa Rica, the Indigenous peoples and their cultures have suffered great losses. One of the greatest losses is to their languages. One language in particularly grave danger is Brunca. While Indigenous languages are being acknowledged worldwide and within Costa Rica, the Costa Rican government has not provided the necessary resources to maintain them. This chapter incorporates recent field research on Brunca's language vitality into a discussion on the disconnect between government rhetoric and the actual linguistic situation of Brunca.
A Discourse Analytic Approach to Practices of Hawaiian Language Revitalization in the Mass Media
Authors: Furukawa Toshiaki
Published: August 2020

Scholars of language policy and planning (LPP) have recently started using ethnographic and discourse-analytic methods. Examining the collaborative sense-making activity of language users can shed light on how they construct their version or versions of reality by using semiotic resources, creating intertextual links, and referring to language ideologies. This study investigates an under-researched area in LPP: spoken discourse in media talk, specifically in media involved in indigenous language revitalization in Hawaiʻi. Using audio recordings of Ka Leo Hawaiʻi (The Hawaiian Voice) broadcast from the 1970s for over 25 years, the study explores the multilingual practices of the hosts, the guests, and the call-in listeners of the translingual contact zone of this Hawaiian language radio show by analyzing these participants' metapragmatic comments on the use of English and their bivalent utterances.
When Technology Meets Finance
Authors: Albastaki Yousif Abdullatif
Published: August 2020

There is a paradigm shift in the financial services industry. Combined with ever-changing customer expectations and preferences, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, the internet of things (IoT), and blockchain are redefining how financial institutions deliver services. It is an enormous task to remain competitive in this ever-changing environment. Financial institutions see FinTech as a major part of the digital future, and as proof of this, since 2015, financial institutions have invested over US$ 27 billion in FinTech and digital innovation. This chapter is an introductory chapter that explores FinTech in the literature. It focuses on how FinTech is reshaping the financial industry by describing FinTech phases and development process. The financial products and services using FinTech are also described with a highlight on Islamic FinTech. The chapter finally concludes by describing the future of FinTech.
Financial Technologies (FinTech), Instruments, Mechanisms, and Financial Products in the Current Context of Artificial Intelligence and Globalization
Authors: Manta Otilia P.
Published: August 2020

The holistic approach of the phenomenon of expansion of financial innovations, respectively of current financial technologies, as otherwise abbreviated to FinTech, knows very specific elements and is adapted to the global financial context, and lately, the share of financial services in the virtual space is dominant compared to their traditional form. Moreover, this new financing instrument has arisen mainly due to the need to streamline the financing system, based on technology, either to provide financial services adapted to the current needs of consumers (especially those who are in need of financing, this is also the real reason for the FinTech coupling of the financial inclusion of the financially excluded), as well as the design of new financial products that are reliable and responsive to the market. The financial space is dual, presenting two often contradictory assumptions (all channels, stocks, and collection flow, on the one hand; and all entities, channels, stocks, and investment flows), and in the current context of digital financial technologies, this is in virtual space.
FinTech in Banks
Authors: Ebrahim Rabab , Kumaraswamy Sumathi , Abdulla Yomna
Published: August 2020

There has been an extensive boost in the use of FinTech in the Banking sector during the last few years. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the new opportunities offered by FinTech to the banking sector, its prospective risks, and the possible challenges to be faced in its adaptation. The authors propose that the new opportunities of FinTech include better digital banking experience, personalized customer services, high-level data security, cost-effective, and efficient services. On the other hand, FinTech results in risks such as security risk, technical risk, regulation risk, financial risk, and reputation risk. Finally, they suggest that the possible challenges of FinTech are a technological adaptation, risk reduction, regulations, and human capital employment.
Crowdfunding
Authors: Ahmad Mohamad Khaliq , Nor Rizal Mohd. , Kamely Aimadhuddin Ahmad
Published: August 2020

Crowdfunding is a new form of both investment opportunities and source of raising capital. The aim of this chapter is to explore the understanding of the newly invented crowdfunding, types of the existing platforms of the industry. Authors investigated crowdfunding platforms that are registered in securities commission Malaysia and Kapitalboost platform of Singapore and their mode of investment. Authors also looked in depth and reviewed a current literature on crowdfunding. An investment model of crowdfunding that will be suitable for the Muslim investors who are looking into an ethical investment that will contribute to the wellbeing of the societies as whole through Mudharabah and Musharakah investment. The findings explored that equity crowdfunding could bring more benefit and less harm to entrepreneurs. Consequently, there are two types of models that are based on equity-in and equity-out; hence, the chapter recommends the equity crowdfunding over the debt-based through Islamic investment method of Musharakah and Mudharabah investment.
Fintech Challenges and Outlook in India
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: August 2020

Fintech refers to the novel processes and products that become available for financial services due to the digital technological advancements. Fintech includes technologically enabled financial innovation leading to new business models, applications, processes, or products with an associated material effect on financial markets, institutions, and financial services. India is transitioning into a dynamic ecosystem offering Fintech start-ups a platform to grow into billion-dollar unicorns. From tapping new segments to exploring foreign markets, Fintech in India is pursuing multiple targets. The traditionally cash-driven Indian economy has responded well to the Fintech opportunity, primarily triggered by a surge in e-commerce, and Smartphone penetration. However, India's growth is still not comparable in scale to its global counterparts but is stacked well, due to a strong talent pipeline of the tech workforce. Hence, adopting an exploratory approach, based on in-depth literature review, the chapter aims to identify the challenges and deliberate on the outlook for Fintech in India.
Investigation of Factors Affecting Adoption of FinTech in Financial Institutions
Authors: Bhaskaran Subhashini Sailesh
Published: August 2020

FinTech, a compound term for financial technology, signifies the usage of technology to provide financial assistance. Ever since its evolution FinTech has been growing tremendously, despite its positive and negative aspects. In the literature review, there are many factors affecting the adoption of FinTech. It was found that the ease of use of technology (Technology Acceptance Theory), investment decisions in crowdfunding (Decision Theory), and the risks involved in the adoption of FinTech (Prospect Theory) are the main factors that might affect the adoption of FinTech. However, there is a paucity of studies linking all these factors in the adoption of FinTech using these theories. This research project investigates the influence of these factors in the adoption of FinTech. In order to analyze these factors, a questionnaire was used. As a result, it was found that there is a positive relationship between the ease of use and FinTech's adoption; between FinTech's adoption and investment decisions in crowdfunding and between the level of risks when adapting to FinTech. Keywords: FinTech; Factors; Bahrain; Adoption; Financial Institutions
Designing a Framework for Agri Sector Considering Disaster and Climatic Change
Authors: Satapathy Suchismita
Published: August 2020

Change of technology, utilization of genetically modified crops, and organic farming can be used to improve the fertility of land and to increase production in farming, but the effect of climate change is a big problem for the Indian farmers. Farmers have to face extreme weather conditions, the heavy workload during the fieldwork like weeding, harvesting, etc. The conventional method of farming and lack of advanced technology makes farming too difficult. Due to climate change, high heat, heavy rain, and frost, productivity decreases and lands become barren, and farmers also suffer from mental and physical disorders. Hence, an effort is taken to design a framework for the agriculture sector keeping climate change factors in view. To improve the agricultural system in Indian agrisector, some implications must be done to avoid wastage of rainwater. By creating an efficient drainage system in the crop field, the extra water can be reused. To avoid loss due to heavy rain, greenhouse or poly house can act as an effective way during natural calamities.
Vulnerability of Oasis Agriculture to Climate Change in Morocco
Authors: Ait-El-Mokhtar Mohamed , Boutasknit Abderrahim , Ben-Laouane Raja , Anli Mohamed , El Amerany Fatima , Toubali Salma , Lahbouki Soufiane , Wahbi Said , Meddich Abdelilah
Published: August 2020

Morocco is considered one of the most threatened countries by climate change. Over the last century, oases ecosystems in this country showed a high vulnerability to climate variation, which has led to water scarcity, an increase in land salinity, and therefore, a decrease in agricultural production. Conscious of these issues, several solutions are initiated by the government to cope with climate change adverse effects. Many programs of rehabilitation were launched, and advanced researches are in progress in order to use some biofertilizers to improve tolerance of oasis crops to drought and salinity toward sustainable agriculture. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the impacts of climate change on oasis agriculture in Morocco and to provide potentially effective strategies to promote oasis agriculture under climate change. As a conclusion, the authors found that the use of different biofertilizers could be a potential strategy to mitigate climate change effects on oasis agriculture in Morocco.
Sustainable Ecosystem Management
Authors: Nyika Joan Mwihaki
Published: August 2020

Ecosystems are part of human wellbeing and their sustainable management is essential for the survival of the human race and biodiversity. This chapter explores the concept of sustainable ecosystem management (SEM), its principles, elements, faces, and implementation. SEM is defined as environmentally sensitive, ecosystem-based, and eco-regional based. Its successful implementation is therefore complex due to the different priorities of stakeholders, the scope of ecosystems, some of which are transboundary, and the ever-changing nature of these areas amidst environmental uncertainties. These aspects are vulnerable to political changes and reconciling them is difficult. This chapter proposes a five-step implementation plan on SEM that is pegged on adaptive management and holistic consideration of ecological resources. Using documented case studies, SEM is a proposed solution to ecosystem challenges of modern-day amidst hindrances of rising resource demand, population increase, and climate variability.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Terrestrial Ecosystems
Authors: Dandotiya Banwari , Sharma Harendra K.
Published: August 2020

This chapter provides a general overview of the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem and is meant to set the stage for the specific papers. The discussion in this chapter focuses basically on the effects of climatic disturbances on terrestrial flora and fauna, including increasing global temperature and changing climatic patterns of terrestrial areas of the globe. Basically, climate disturbances derived increasing temperature and greenhouse gases have the ability to induce this phenomenon. Greenhouse gases are emitted by a number of sources in the atmosphere such as urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and population growth, so these contributing factors and its effects on climatic events like temperature rise, change precipitation pattern, extreme weather events, survival and shifting of biodiversity, seasonal disturbances, and effects on glaciers are relatively described in this chapter.
Quality Assurance in Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: August 2020

Today, open and distance-learning universities are regarded as a groundbreaking option to expand access to higher education. Economies of scale supported by a large number of enrolments have fueled the growth of open and distance learning institutions (ODLIs) across the globe. At the same time, many have raised serious concerns about the quality of education provided by ODLIs. This chapter presents a comparative case analysis of quality assurance (QA) programs in distance education at two large open and distance learning universities in Pakistan. The study explored QA policies and their implementation in the context of management practices and structures and internal and external environmental factors.
A Sociological Study of the Role of Language in Education
Authors: Saeed Naima , Rehman Tansif Ur , Usmani Mehmood Ahmed
Published: August 2020

The present article is on the role of language in education. This article collected opinions of respondents about the role that language plays in the process of learning and education. Subjects were asked about their preferred mediums of instruction and their feelings about studying in a particular medium of instruction. The study also focused on the reasons why the respondents opted for a certain medium of instruction. Relationships between proficiencies in the first and second language, i.e., Urdu and English were evaluated. Other findings were related to their proficiency in the first language, gender, place of residence, social pressure, the medium of instruction and quality of education. At the end, recommendations developed by researchers are to clarify the issues regarding the role of language in education.
A Critical Theory Approach to Program Planning
Authors: Brookfield Stephen , Holst John
Published: August 2020

The dominant modes of program planning in the field of adult education are drawn from three intellectual traditions; humanistic psychology, progressivism and behaviorism. This chapter proposes a model of program planning drawn from a different intellectual framework, the tradition of European critical social theory. Articulated by the Frankfurt School of Social Theory, a critical perspective emphasizes the role of adult education programming in fostering social movements for democratic social change. The chapter specifies the organizing principles and specific goals of a critical theory approach to program development and poses a number of questions that can be asked to determine the success of such an initiative.
Effective Decision Making for Knowledge Development in Higher Education
Authors: Ololube Nwachukwu Prince , Ingiabuna Erebagha Theophilus , Dudafa Undutimi Johnny
Published: August 2020

Making decisions is the most important task of university leaders or managers and it is often the most difficult task. This chapter offers a step-by-step decision-making procedure for solving complex problems. It outlines the concept of decision-making and processes for both public and private decision-making agendas, using different decision criteria and different types of information. This chapter also describes barriers to effective decision making and decisions that must be made in conditions of certainty and uncertainty. Using a descriptive and suggestive research design, multiple statistical procedures; the results revealed that the types, styles and barrier to decision making processes are significantly related to the poor quality management of higher education in Nigeria? It is therefore imperative that institutional leaders are thoughtful and precise decision makers. This study recommends that the process of decision making ought not to be reactionary, but systematically planned and swift as well as planning for the unanticipated and unintentional situations as they arise.
A Systematic Public Capital Management and Budgeting Process
Authors: Srithongrung Arwiphawee , Yusuf Juita-Elena (Wie) , Kriz Kenneth A.
Published: August 2020

This chapter introduces the readers to a public capital management and budgeting process and its role in generating public infrastructure networks. The main purpose of the chapter is to describe the normative public capital management and budgeting practices that are recommended by the public finance literature. These normative practices are segregated into four main components: (1) long-term capital planning, (2) capital budgeting and financial management, (3) capital project execution and project management, and (4) infrastructure maintenance. Given that the literature recommends specific practices to maximize efficiency in public capital spending, the four main components, combined, are referred to as the systematic capital management and budgeting process. The systematic process discussed in detail in this chapter is used as a common framework for each of the 12 country case studies in describing their respective public capital management and budgeting practices.
University Rankingphilia and Phobia
Authors: Okebukola Peter Akinsola
Published: August 2020

The world over, there is a love-hate perspective to university ranking. It is applause when the university is well ranked and rejection when not so favoured. The group with positive disposition to ranking (“rankingphilic”) is quick to cite its ranks on websites and annual reports. The negatively disposed (“rankingphobic”), on the other hand denounces the methodology and emerging league tables. This chapter reviewed developments in higher education ranking/rating in Africa with special focus on Nigeria and the African Quality Rating Mechanism. It addressed accountability issues and the uses to which ranking/rating should be put in bolstering the quality of the higher education system in the region. It presents the findings of an Africa regional study which addressed two questions: What is the perception of African scholars, university managers and students on ranking? What are the arguments in favour or against ranking by stakeholders in the university community in Africa? It concludes with several future scenarios on ranking/rating in the region.
Quality Assurance in English Education in Omani Schools
Authors: Denman Christopher , Al-Mahrooqi Rahma
Published: August 2020

Quality emerged as an important consideration in educational contexts around the world more than three decades ago. However, providing quality education is no simple matter as there are many different perspectives about achieving this outcome. Despite this challenge, there is an increasing awareness in the Sultanate of Oman about the need to create and monitor education quality at all levels. In pursuit of this goal, Oman's Ministry of Education has implemented several important reforms which have encompassed all school subjects, including English. Basic education is one of the most significant of these reforms. To date, however, there is no indication of any significant improvement in English achievement levels in either schools or universities as a result of these programs. The aim of this chapter is to elucidate the challenges reported in the literature that face the provision of quality education at all levels in Oman. Opportunities for improvement and solutions to existing problems are also discussed.
Secondary School Teacher Preparation in the Age of Inclusive Education
Authors: Adjei-Boateng Emmanuel , Cobbinah Joseph Ezale
Published: August 2020

All students have the right to quality educational experiences that is inclusive. For this to become a reality, there is a need to have teachers who respect and appreciate diversity and are capable creating inclusive educational experiences that support diverse students learning need. This chapter attempts to look at how secondary teacher education programs can prepare preservice teachers who understand diversity and are capable of integrating inclusive education strategies in their teaching. It examines how inclusive education can become an integral part of the processes and procedure involved in secondary teacher education programs.
Mainstreaming Conflict Sensitivity in Education Programming
Authors: Neji Obi Ndifon
Published: August 2020

Conflict sensitivity has successfully entered the mainstreaming agenda of development agencies with much institutionalization and conceptualization. In general terms however, a system for conflict sensitive education programming appears to be absent. This chapter provides a guide to mainstreaming conflict sensitivity in education programming. It argues that whereas education is central to the advancement of human society, yet if not sensitively conceived, planned and delivered could put a knife on the string that seems to hold the society together. The chapter further contends that analysis of the context of education programming, participation/community ownership, coordination, monitoring and evaluation of the design and delivery of the education programme is central to effective mainstreaming. At its core, mainstreaming conflict sensitivity in education programming is about recognizing that education can be a force for conflict or peace.
Hidden Curriculum and School Culture as Postulates of a Better Society
Authors: Jukić Renata
Published: August 2020

When considering the role of school as the most widespread institution among all social organizations, one cannot avoid the question of its educational role in the development of each individual, but also of its function as an instance of transfer of socially desirable values. In following the sociological and pedagogical perspectives, it is necessary to ask oneself which mechanisms within the school enable the adoption of attitudes and building of the value system in children and young people, how much can be systemized, prescribed, and controlled by pedagogical experts and teachers, to what extent they are aware of the entire process, which part of it belongs to intentional education, and which part belongs to the field of the hidden, implicit curriculum, and what the role of the institution (school) culture in the formation of value patterns in the contemporary society is. This chapter explores this hidden curriculum.
Cultural Diversity and Accreditation
Authors: Toprak Elif , Şakar Asuman Nurhan
Published: August 2020

The expansion of distance education in higher education world-wide has brought forth the issue of quality assurance and evaluation processes for institutions and programmes. Though quality is a perception about the performance in products and services offered, it is expected to be shaped through mutual consent in the eyes of internal and external stakeholders of the institutions. Despite the different needs, social contexts and cultures of higher education institutions, general standards have been developed to guide distance education providers in their quest. This paper concentrates on external evaluation pillar of quality assurance that is accreditation according to American, European and Asian perspectives and tries to explain the shared understanding about quality in higher education in the face of cultural diversity. A case-study, the quality journey of Anadolu University, Open Education System is described as an example of different ways leading to the same target.
Effective Leadership and Management in Universities through Quality Management Models
Authors: Ololube Nwachukwu Prince , Agbor Comfort N. , Agabi Chinyere Onyemaechi
Published: August 2020

Governments around the world have displayed lack of urgency to compel universities leaders and managers to improve the way they prepare the human resources bases of their national economies. The purpose of this research is to specifically evaluate the existing leadership styles and management practices in universities in Nigeria using Quality Management models to identify some excellence-related factors associated with success in the models. This investigation adopted a survey research design. The population of the study consists of university lecturers. A questionnaire was used to gather data through purposeful sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using quantitative research procedures. The findings are that higher education institutions in Nigeria need to adopt a holistic approach to the management of transformation that addresses variety of concerns relating to effective leadership and management, staff development structure and systems reform, effective financial management and research and development.
Stifled Teacher Efficacy
Authors: Virtue Ardene
Published: August 2020

The chapter proposes that the honing of teacher efficacy is a necessary prerequisite for the implementation of post-method pedagogy (PMP). The application of PMP requires an autonomous practitioner who undertakes an experimental approach to teaching English as a second language. Hence, it is justifiable that teachers would need a high self-assurance in their capabilities to make comprehensive judgments regarding their selection, and effectual employment of teaching practices. The chapter examines how teacher agency is negated by three factors – practitioners' operation as passive implementers of dicta, a product-focussed school context that discourages teachers' self-directed instructional approaches, and teachers' overreliance on teaching resources such as the textbook. Finally, the chapter provides PMP criteria for teachers' effective engagement of textbooks which practitioners could competently apply providing they have achieved their efficacies.
Human Capital as a Determinant of Long-Term Economic Growth
Authors: Saksiriruthai Siriwan
Published: August 2020

This chapter aims to investigate the importance of human capital as a key success factor to economic growth and modern economic reforms as well as exploring determinants of human capital. Then factors influencing human capital accumulation as well as case studies are discussed to illustrate the influence of human capital to economic growth and reforms. Together with economic reforms, supportive education and human capital development policies, some countries could generate a dramatic technology and economic development. Currently, human capital even becomes crucial because of this technological progress. Thus, modern economic reform needs more intense human capital accumulation to cope with more advanced technology. In this chapter, we investigate the role of human capital accumulation by education and migration process in economic reforms and development of three countries with completely different conditions of economic development.
The Determinant of Student Satisfaction in Academic and Administrative Services in Private Universities
Authors: Ghansah Benjamin , Andoh Juliana Serwaa , Gbagonah Patrick , Okogun-Odompley Joy Nana
Published: August 2020

Students are the primary stakeholders of the university, so the article evaluated the factors that influence student satisfaction in the university. The study employed descriptive statistics and one sample t-test was used to analyse the data. Reliability test was also done using Cronbach's Alpha and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure (KMO) of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. A quantitative sample of 1,750 students was drawn from seven (7) selected universities in Tema, Ghana and two hundred and fifty (250) questionnaires were distributed to each university. The findings highlighted various levels of satisfaction. It was observed that all the factors such as classroom environment, textbook and tuition fees, student support facilities, business procedures, relationship with teaching staff, knowledgeable and responsive faculty, staff helpfulness, feedback, and class sizes drives student satisfaction. The paper attempts to develop insights into dimension of student satisfaction in academic and administrative services in private universities in the Tema metropolis.
Educational Data Mining and Indian Technical Education System
Authors: Kansal Nancy , Solanki Vijender Kumar , Kansal Vineet
Published: August 2020

Educational Data Mining (EDM) is emerged as a powerful tool in past decade and is concerned with developing methods to explore the unique types of data in educational settings. Using these methods, to better understand students and the settings in which they learn. Different unknown patterns using classification, Clustering, Association rule mining, decision trees can be discovered from this educational data which could further be beneficial to improve teaching and learning systems, to improve curriculum, to support students in the form of individual counseling, improving learning outcomes in terms of students' satisfaction and good placements as well. Therefore a literature survey has been carried out to explore the most recent and relevant studies in the field of data mining in Higher and Technical Education that can probably portray a pathway towards the improvement of the quality education in technical institutions.
Building a Culture of Trust in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Platis Magdalena
Published: August 2020

Higher education institutions worldwide are evolving in a so-called quality assurance era in which quality standards are defined and implemented. Quality assurance has, in fact, two sides: one declarative, or formal, reflected into documents, proofs, and even statistics well prepared, and one practical, or informal, that behind all legal issues, the quality of processes is real. The contradiction between the two sides of the quality assurance contributes a false perception of quality and unethical institutional behavior. Higher education institutions can become ethical or more ethical through their people—management, academics, students, alumni, researchers. In other words, the culture of quality needs to be rebuilt towards trust. The objective of this chapter is to provide a clear insight to the contemporary state of higher education institutions' behavior and context to contribute to the building up of new quality management based on a trust in the area of education, research, and social development.
Exploring a Downstream Demand Inference Strategy in a Decentralized Two-Level Supply Chain
Authors: Tliche Youssef , Taghipour Atour , Canel-Depitre Béatrice
Published: August 2020

A coordination approach for forecast operations, known as downstream demand inference, enables an upstream actor to infer the demand information at his formal downstream actor without the need for information sharing. This approach was validated if the downstream actor uses the simple moving average (SMA) forecasting method. To answer an investigative question through other forecasting methods, the authors use the weighted moving average (WMA) method, whose weights are determined in this work thanks to the Newton's optimization of the upstream average inventory level. Starting from a two-level supply chain, the simulation results confirm the ability of the approach to reduce the mean squared error and the average inventory level, compared to a decentralized approach. However, the bullwhip effect is only improved after a certain threshold of the parameter of the forecasting method. Still within the framework of the investigation, they carry out a comparison study between the adoption of the SMA method and the WMA method. Finally, they generalize their results for a multi-level supply chain.
Agile Business Analysis for Digital Transformation
Authors: Kose Busra Ozdenizci
Published: August 2020

The use of cutting-edge digital technologies and the realization of right project, program, and portfolio (3P) initiatives can trigger the intended company-wide change and the digital transformation. Today, organizations need to increase their agility for managing their information technology (IT) projects and transforming their business models. The integration of agile perspective and business analysis (BA) approach has a great potential to increase the success of digital transformation. This study aims to provide an overview of state-of-the-art in agile business analysis in scope of digital transformation. In accordance with the well-known frameworks, general principles and promising techniques of Agile BA are highlighted and discussed. The regarding agile practices provide valuable guidelines for researchers and practitioners that how they can assist continuous feedback, continuous learning, continuous improvement, and continuous integration capabilities of organizations; and also how to maximize value to the stakeholders in agile project lifecycles and agile business transformations.
Homegrown Terrorism
Authors: Anand Amitabh , Mantovani Giulia
Published: August 2020

To tackle the phenomenon of terrorism, especially the attacks carried out by homegrown terrorists, since 2005 all the EU's member states have adopted the Global Strategy to Combat Terrorism. Focusing on four pillars (prevention, protection, persecution, and response), the strategy provides for security measures to protect against terrorism as a criminal act. What if, instead, we consider terrorism as a social phenomenon, strictly connected to radicalization and resulting from discriminatory experiences and discomfort young second generation immigrants suffer within the European society? Moving in this direction, through the application of the PESTLE analysis to the specific context of Belgium, this study elaborates a counterterrorism policy which takes into account the root and activating factors of radicalization by filling Belgium's gaps in terms of integration policies and which could help reducing the likelihood of occurring radicalization and terrorist attacks episodes.
State of the Art of Extended Reality Tools and Applications in Business
Authors: Gironacci Irene Maria
Published: August 2020

Over the past years, extended reality (XR) technologies, such as virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, have become more popular in business. Through immersive extended reality experiences, businesses of all shapes and sizes are waking up to the possibilities of using this emerging technology to create new opportunities and support their digital transformation. The aim of this chapter is to present the state of the art of extended reality devices, tools, and applications currently available.
Origin of Cyber Warfare and How the Espionage Changed
Authors: Nardi Maria Luisa
Published: August 2020

International politics is faced with new and vital issues, linked to aspects such as individual rights, the holding of democracy, the effects of worldwide policies, as well as the geopolitics of technology. The intertwining of technology and international relations is now a fact. Exploring the new and different political challenges posed by new technologies is a factor of transformation of the global society that influence on its actors. Today, an application of technological innovation, digital technology, and artificial intelligence is a steady political field. The focus of this work is to describe over time the notion of information warfare, which has matured and manifested into a form that has a colossal impact on how the contemporary wars are fought, but this has also resulted in the downgrading of strategic side of information warfare or cyber warfare to a decisive tactical force multiplier capable of turning the tides in war.
Dichotomy and Violent Student Protests
Authors: van der Westhuizen Thea , Nhleko Yamkhela
Published: August 2020

“How dare you!” was the opening line 16-year-old Greta Thunberg used in her address to world leaders at the United Nation Global Summit on Climate Change. This young woman demanded global political and business leaders to listen to her plea, as she firmly believes global systems are in crisis and politicians and business persons alike are not playing their part to resolve our people, planet, and profit crisis. Student protests in response to leadership in higher education institutions have become a generic form of expressing discontent. In a quantitative investigation, this study assessed student perceptions regarding higher education leadership in relation to three core leadership capabilities: a strategic approach, communication and collaboration, and institutional drivers and results. Data collection from students in their final year was done using a combination of simple and stratified sampling. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Findings reiterated a current dichotomy and urge the need for social cohesion between student and university leadership.