bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PEMBERIAN DISPENSASI PERNIKAHAN DALAM UNDANG - UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 (STUDI KASUS PENGADILAN AGAMA LUBUKLINGGAU KELAS I B)
Authors: Celvin Jimmy , Samosir Agustinus , Fuadi Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang faktor-faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim di Pengadilan Agama Lubuklinggau dalam menyelesaikan perkara dispensasi nikah. Landasan kajian ini adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Pasal 7 ayat 1 tentang batas usia minimum untuk menikah—19 tahun untuk laki-laki dan 19 tahun untuk perempuan—serta ayat 2 dan 3 tentang pemberian dispensasi perkawinan karena alasan yang sangat mendesak. Latar belakang permohonan dispensasi nikah agama, tata cara pelaksanaan dispensasi nikah di Pengadilan Agama, dan faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan hakim dalam menyelesaikan kasus dispensasi nikah di Pengadilan Agama Lubuklinggau tidak tercakup dalam uraian tesis ini. . Ada penelitian normatif-empiris yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Melalui studi kepustakaan, dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara, data dikumpulkan. Analisis data kualitatif digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang data yang telah diolah melalui deskripsi. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, alasan permohonan dispensasi perkawinan dari Pengadilan Agama Lubuklinggau adalah karena faktor agama, ekonomi, pendidikan, dan hamil di luar nikah (Kawin Karena Kecelakaan). Hakim mempertimbangkan, selain kepatuhan hukum keluarga, keharusan menolak kerugian (manfaat), dan asas kemanfaatan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, disarankan agar mahasiswa hukum yang memiliki tanggung jawab sebagai agen perubahan sosial secara langsung berkontribusi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran tentang bahaya perkawinan di bawah umur, undang-undang yang mengatur permohonan dispensasi perkawinan, dan perkawinan di bawah umur.
EFEKTIVITAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PERNIKAHAN DINI DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (KUA) KECAMATAN SUNGAI ROTAN
Authors: Shesa Laras , Hayati Ilda
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 tahun 2019 dalam mencegah pernikahan dini di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Sungai Rotan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (Field Research), yang dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam analisis data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penyimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor penghambat efektivitas penerapan UU No 16 Tahun 2019 dalam mencegah pernikahan dini di KUA Kecamatan Sungai Rotan. Salah satu faktor penghambat utama adalah rendahnya tingkat pendidikan di kalangan masyarakat Sungai Rotan. Pendidikan yang rendah dapat mempengaruhi pemahaman masyarakat terhadap pentingnya aturan dan regulasi terkait pernikahan dini. Selain itu, adanya pengaruh lingkungan di Sungai Rotan juga turut memainkan peran dalam mempengaruhi keputusan pernikahan, di mana norma dan nilai-nilai di lingkungan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pandangan terhadap pernikahan dini. Kurangnya perhatian orang tua, kurangnya perhatian ini dapat mengakibatkan anak-anak merasa terabaikan dan mencari pengakuan atau kebebasan melalui pernikahan dini. Dalam kesimpulan, efektivitas penerapan UU No 16 Tahun 2019 dalam mencegah pernikahan dini di KUA Kecamatan Sungai Rotan dapat diperbaiki dengan meningkatkan tingkat pendidikan masyarakat, meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap aturan tersebut, dan meningkatkan peran serta orang tua dalam memberikan perhatian dan pemahaman kepada anak-anak mereka. Faktor-faktor ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk mengembangkan strategi atau program pencegahan pernikahan dini yang lebih efektif di wilayah tersebut.
СУТНІСТЬ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА ЇЇ МІСЦЕ У СТРУКТУРІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВ
Authors: Попович М. П. , Попович А. І.
Published: April 2024

Питання розгляду продовольчої безпеки є дуже актуальним на глобальному рівні. У наш час забезпечення людства продуктами все більше стає найважливішою проблемою ХХІ століття. Її вирішення є важливим пріоритетом державної політики кожної держави та предметом наукових досліджень. У статті визначено актуальність дослідження поняття продовольчої безпеки як складової економічної безпеки. Розглянуто та систематизовано наукові напрацювання щодо визначення поняття продовольчої безпеки. Визначено, що гарантування продовольчої безпеки населення є об’єктом наукових досліджень. Доведено, що продовольча безпека займає особливе місце в життєзабезпеченні суспільства, оскільки наявність продовольства є основною умовою життєдіяльності людини. Продемонстровано основні напрями ефективної політики продовольчої безпеки. Визначено та охарактеризовано продовольчу безпеку через її складові. Розглянуто складові та принципи формування продовольчої безпеки. З’ясовано основні виміри продовольчої безпеки. Розглянуто особливості продовольчої безпеки. Проведено аналіз рівня споживання основних видів продуктів харчування населення України. Визначено ключові загрози продовольчої безпеки України. Виявлено, що продовольча безпека безпосередньо впливає на здоров’я нації і, як наслідок, визначає демографічну безпеку. Підтверджено актуальність питання забезпечення населення високоякісними продуктами харчування на рівні науково обґрунтованих норм споживання при платоспроможному попиті та гарантування продовольчої безпеки країни. В результаті встановлено, що безпека харчових продуктів займає важливе місце в гарантуванні безпеки держави поряд із іншими видами безпеки, а також тісно з ними пов’язана.
ANALISIS PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN NOTEBOOK DI WILAYAH MANGGA DUA JAKARTA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Immanuel Aditya , Ruspitasari Widi , Handoko Yunus
Published: April 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 pada periode Februari sampai Agustus 2021 dan 8 Februari sampai 24 Februari 2022 pemerintah memberlakukan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berksala Besar (PSBB) dan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM). Mangga Dua Jakarta adalah pusat perbelanjaan barang elektronik berupa notebook. Pada periode PSBB tersebut dianalisa penjualan notebook, penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan metode kualitatif, model kerangka analisis data mengacu model Miles dan Huberman. Sample penelitian berjumlah 10 responden penjual notebook di daerah Mangga Dua Jakarta, teknik sampling menggunakan teknik purposive dan pengambilan data melalui teknik wawancara, hasil wawancara dianalisa melalui descriptive research. Pada periode awal pemberlakuan PSBB dan PPKM sangat mempengaruhi omzet penjualan notebook disebabkan pembatasan jam operasional kerja serta masyarakat dibatasi untuk melakukan transaksi jual beli. Fenomena lanjutan berkembang dimana perilaku konsumen dan penjual bergeser menuju berberbelanja dan berdagang melalui paltform e-commerce. Hasilnya menunjukkan dari 10 responden mengemukakan penjualan melalui e-commerce meningkat dan mampu menutupi biaya operasional toko serta omzet penjualan melalui daring mampu menyamai ozet penjualan secara luring. Selain itu 10 responden mengemukakan ada opsi untuk fokus mengembangkan bisnis melalui daring.
PENGARUH DIGITAL MARKETING, KUALITAS LAYANAN, DAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK KESEHATAN KLIKDOKTER DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , . Fathorrahman , Pradiani Theresia
Published: April 2024

Masyarakat yang membutuhkan layanan dan informasi kesehatan berbasis digital merupakan pelanggan utama dari aplikasi telemedicine seperti Klikdokter, maka dari itu Klikdokter harus mampu memastikan para calon pelanggan tersebut tertarik untuk menggunakan aplikasi Klikdokter untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan mereka tanpa harus datang langsung ke fasilitas kesehatan dengan berbagai aktivitas Digital Marketing, memberikan layanan yang berkualitas, dan Brand Image yang baik. Jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian kuantitatif dengan kuesioner sebagai instrumen untuk pengumpulan data.   Rumus Slovin digunakan untuk menghitung besar sampel dengan purposive sampling sebagai metode pengambilan sampel.  Sebanyak 100 Pengguna aplikasi Klikdokter bersedia menjadi subyek penelitian.  Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan perangkat lunak statistik.  Hasil penelitian mengartikan yakni 1) terdapat pengaruh Digital Marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kesehatan Klikdokter, 2) terdapat pengaruh kualitas layanan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kesehatan Klikdokter, dan 3) terdapat pengaruh Brand Image terhadap keputusan pembelian produk kesehatan Klikdokter.
PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE, LIFESTYLE, DAN WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KOPI KENANGAN DI SURABAYA
Authors: Junifanto Iwan , Agustina Tin , Handoko Yunus
Published: April 2024

Keputusan pembelian konsumen menjadi hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan karena menjadi pertimbangan dalam menentukan strategi pemasaran yang dilakukan perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis pengaruh brand image, lifestyle, dan word of mouth terhadap keputusan pembelian Kopi Kenangan di Surabaya. Populasi penelitian adalah semua pembeli di Kafe Kopi Kenangan Cabang Manyar Surabaya yang berlokasi di Jl. Manyar Kertoarjo No. 33 Surabaya yang jumlahnya tidak diketahui dengan pasti (infinite) karena tidak ada pencatatan mengenai jumlah pastinya. Berdasarkan teknik simple random sampling, sampel penelitian diambil sebanyak 100 pengunjung yang ditemui peneliti pada saat penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t dan uji F. Berdasarkan hasil uji t diketahui bahwa brand image berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Lifestyle berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Word of mouth berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Brand image, lifestyle, dan word of mouth secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Open access dataset of ESM simulations of combined land- and ocean-based NETs
Authors: Sathyanadh Anusha , Muri Helene
Published: April 2024

In this deliverable, we perform Earth system model (ESM) simulations to assess the role of land-based and ocean-based negative emission technologies (NETs) for achieving the temperature target set by the 2015 Paris Agreement. The dataset provided from this work package will be used for investigating carbon sequestration potential, side-effects and potential constraints of combining oceanic and terrestrial NETs with the help of an earth system model, NorESM2. Two long NorESM2 coupled simulations with SSP5-3.4-OS scenario are conducted to check the CDR potential of terrestrial CDR, and terrestrial and marine CDR together by combining land-based Bioenergy for Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Ocean Alkalinization Enhancement (OAE) scenarios together. For the terrestrial BECCS simulation, the default land use distribution in the original CMIP6 SSP5-3.4 land use dataset is modified to accommodate more bioenergy crop in the future while keeping the total crop area of 2015 for food throughout the century and combining it with a bio-CCS system. For the second simulation we combined the above terrestrial BECCS simulation with 2030-high OAE scenario from Deliverable 4.6. A higher amount of carbon captured by making use of the carbon sequestration potential of land and ocean together. (OceanNets Deliverable ; D4.7)
Enfermagem na Saúde Mental: Mapeamento com Apoio da Escala de Sofrimento Moral de Estudantes de Graduação em Enfermagem (ESMEE) em Instituição Particular de Foz do Iguaçu, PR
Authors: Decker Moreno Thaís , Higashi Priscilla , Djanilda Parra da Luz Larissa
Published: April 2024

Introdução. O sofrimento moral é problema enfrentado por estudantes de enfermagem que pode afetar negativamente sua saúde mental. A problemática é relevante na formação, pois pode afetar a percepção dos estudantes e interferir na humanização da assistência. Objetivo. Mapear o sofrimento moral em estudantes de graduação em enfermagem, utilizando Escala de Sofrimento Moral para Estudantes de Graduação em Enfermagem (ESMEE). Metodologia. Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória, observacional e transversal aplicada em acadêmicos de enfermagem. Resultados. A pesquisa levantou em sua maioria estudantes do gênero feminino, com idades predominantemente entre 18 e 25 anos. Referente aos dados do sofrimento moral, o constructo “Condições institucionais inadequadas para o ensino do cuidado ao usuário” representou a maior média de frequência e intensidade. Conclusão. A maior média tanto em intensidade quanto em frequência foi condições institucionais inadequadas para o ensino do cuidado ao usuário, ressaltando a importância de melhorias nas condições institucionais para proporcionar ambiente de aprendizagem mais eficaz e ético.
Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos em Cursos de Graduação na Área da Saúde:
Authors: Carvalho dos Santos Ivata Laís , Vitorino Eduardo , Souza Martins Julia , Costa de Oliveira Maria Giulia , Costa dos Santos da Silva Patrícia
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas, as potencialidades e as fragilidades no uso da Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABPj) como metodologia ativa no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes de graduação na área da saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Pubmed e Lilacs. A busca foi realizada no mês de julho de 2023, utilizando os descritores controlados (DeCS/Mesh) para assegurar uma busca ampla. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por 5 artigos, os quais descreveram as potencialidades e as fragilidades da ABPj. Como potencialidades, destacam-se as seguintes: propiciar o desenvolvimento de habilidades de resolução de problemas e de comunicação, de pensamento crítico, de gestão de conflitos e de profissionalismo. Como fragilidades, observam-se: falta de tempo e de capacitação dos docentes para a implementação da ABPj. Considerações finais: A ABPj pode ser compreendida como uma metodologia eficaz para a formação contemporânea em cursos da área de saúde, tendo em vista que possibilita o trabalho em equipe, assim como a aquisição de competências e de habilidades fundamentais para egressos desta área.
Visão dos Direitos Transindividuais nas Empresas com o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Conforme o Artigo 170 da Constituição
Authors: Pretti Gleibe
Published: April 2024

Quando analisamos os direitos transindividuais, estamos diante de um aspecto subjetivo que engloba a sociedade, como um todo e, seu principal escopo é atender a maior quantidade de pessoas possíveis, para o bem geral. A metodologia que foi aplicada nesse artigo, foi justamente a dedutiva, a qual com argumentos trazidos pela doutrina chegaremos a diversas conclusões. Num primeiro plano, o estudo do caráter social é o início dos estudos para que possamos analisar o caráter transindividual, assim como a tutela jurisdicional desses direitos e ainda o apontamento dos interesses transindividuais, assim como os meios de solução de conflitos coletivos.
Appraisal of Social Concerns: A Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Social Phobia
Authors: Telch Michael J. , Lucas Richard A. , Smits Jasper A.J. , Powers Mark B. , Heimberg Richard G. , Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

The current study describes the validation of a new cognitive assessment measure for social phobia, entitled the Appraisal of Social Concerns (ASC). Item content is relevant to a range of social situations. The ASC can be used to tailor interventions to patients' idiosyncratic concerns. Data are presented from both clinical (n=71) and non‐clinical (n=550) samples. Preliminary data indicate that the ASC has good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The construct validity of the ASC is comparable to that of well‐established measures in use with social phobics. A strength of the ASC is its sensitivity to the effect of treatment. An exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors tapping concerns about negative evaluation, observable symptoms, and social helplessness. Subscale scores were strongly correlated. Preliminary findings suggest that the ASC is a psychometrically sound, time efficient instrument that can be used for both clinical and research purposes. Depression and Anxiety 19:217–224, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Unprotected Intercourse Among Gay and Bisexual Male Youth
Authors: Hart Trevor , Heimberg Richard G.
Published: April 2024

The current study proposed that social anxiety, which may be elevated among gay and bisexual youth, may increase their risk for unprotected sexual intercourse. Social anxiety predicted increased probability of having engaged in unprotected insertive anal intercourse in the past six months. Further examination suggested that social anxiety continued to be associated with unprotected insertive anal intercourse above and beyond the effects of communication about condom use and social support variables. Findings suggest the need to consider the impact of social fears when designing HIV prevention interventions.
Correlates of HIV stigma in HIV-positive women
Authors: Wagner Anne C. , Hart Trevor , Mohammed Saira , Ivanova Elena , Wong Joanna , R. Loutfy Mona
Published: April 2024

We examined the variables associated with HIV stigma in HIV-positive women currently living in Ontario, Canada. Based on previous literature, we predicted that variables of social marginalization (e.g., ethnicity, income, education), medical variables (e.g., higher CD4 count, lower viral load), and increased psychological distress would be associated with higher perceived HIV stigma among HIV-positive women. One hundred fifty-nine HIV-positive women between the ages of 18 and 52 in Ontario completed self-report measures of the aforementioned variables. Women were recruited through 28 AIDS service organizations, eight HIV clinics, and two community health centers. In multiple regression analyses, for women born in Canada, lower educational level and higher anxiety were associated with higher HIV stigma. For women born outside of Canada, having been judged by a physician in Canada for trying to become pregnant was associated with higher HIV stigma. For HIV-positive women born outside of Canada, negative judgment by a physician regarding intentions to become pregnant should be addressed to reduce perceived HIV stigma and vice versa. Health care providers should be trained in the provision of sensitive and effective health care for women living with HIV, especially when providing reproductive health care.
Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Canada
Authors: Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

Evidence suggests that gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) score higher than heterosexual-identifying men on disordered eating symptomology (DES). This exploratory study examined if the following psychosocial factors were associated with DES among a diverse sample of MSM: race, age, sexual identity, sexual risk, substance use, depression, history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and internalized homophobia. Using cross sectional data collected at "Pride Toronto 2008" (N = 383), multivariate analysis revealed the following factors to be associated with DES: CSA, depression, being White (vs. Black or Asian), being younger, and engaging in behaviours to increase muscle mass. These results may inform the development of useful and efficacious interventions to reduce the risks associated with body dissatisfaction and DES among MSM.
High prevalence of unintended pregnancies in HIV-positive women of reproductive age in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective study
Authors: R. Loutfy Mona , Raboud Janet , Wong J , Yudin Mark , Diong C , L. Blitz Sandra , Margolese Shari , Hart Trevor , Ogilvie Gina , Masinde K , Tharao Wangari , Linklater G , Salam K , Ongoiba F. , Angel J , M. Smaill Fiona , R. Rachlis Anita , Ralph E , Walmsley SL , Team the Ontario HIV Fertility Research
Published: April 2024

Objectives: There is speculation, but there are few data, on the high rates of unintended pregnancies in HIV-positive women. We investigated rates and correlates of unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women of reproductive age.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with recruitment stratified to match the geographical distribution of HIV-positive women of reproductive age (18-52 years) living in Ontario, Canada. Women, recruited from 38 sites between October 2007 and April 2009, were invited to complete a 189-item self-administered survey. This analysis focused on questions relating to pregnancy and whether the last pregnancy was intended. Logistic regression models were fitted to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of correlates of unintended pregnancies occurring after HIV diagnosis. Happiness with unintended pregnancies was also assessed.

Results: The median age at the time of the survey of the 416 participating HIV-positive women who were previously pregnant (53% before and 47% after HIV diagnosis) was 38 years [interquartile range (IQR) 33-44 years] and their last pregnancy was a median of 8 years (IQR 3-14 years) prior to the survey (n=283). Fifty-nine per cent were born outside Canada and 47% were of African ethnicity. Of the 416, 56% [95% confidence interval (CI) 51-61%] identified that their last pregnancy was unintended (57% before and 54% after HIV diagnosis). In the multivariable model, significant correlates of unintended pregnancy after HIV diagnosis were: marital status (P=0.01) and never having given birth (P=0.01). Women were less happy if their pregnancy was unintended (P<0.01).

Conclusions: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was high in this cohort. Pregnancy planning programmes are needed for this population to decrease fetal and maternal complications and reduce vertical and horizontal transmission.
Religion versus ethnicity as predictors of unprotected vaginal intercourse among young adults
Authors: James Carolyn A. , Hart Trevor , Roberts Karen E. , Ghai Amrita , Petrovic Bojana , Lima Michael D
Published: April 2024

Background: Young adults in North America are at increasing risk for contracting HIV and sexually transmissible infections (STI). Racial differences in HIV or STI risk are well documented, but other cultural and demographic factors contributing to HIV or STI risk are poorly understood. Although religion may play an important role in sexual behaviour, little research has explored its association with sexual attitudes, beliefs and practices. The present study examined how ethnicity, religion, HIV knowledge and attitudes, and other demographic factors are associated with engaging in unprotected vaginal intercourse (UVI) in a diverse sample of unmarried young adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 666 unmarried university students was conducted from 2005 to 2007, with participants completing an anonymous questionnaire on sexual attitudes and health for course credit.

Results: Approximately 50% of the respondents had engaged in any vaginal intercourse and 32.2% had engaged in UVI in the past 6 months. Multivariable analyses showed that increasing age, being in a relationship for more than 6 months, greater HIV knowledge, stronger attitudes supporting the use of condoms, and religion (but not ethnicity) were associated with engaging in UVI. Among the sexually active subset of the sample (n=332), religion was the only predictor of engaging in UVI.

Conclusion: Ethnicity, which is often considered an important variable in sexual health research, does not appear to be associated with UVI when taking into account other demographic variables, particularly religion. Consideration of religion may be important in devising HIV prevention interventions, in order to implement them in accordance with particular religious beliefs.
The Influence of Physical Body Traits and Masculinity on Anal Sex Roles in Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Moskowitz David A. , Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

Sociological, psychological, and public health studies document that many gay and bisexual men may self-label by their anal penetrative role (i.e., bottom or exclusively receptive; top or exclusively insertive; or versatile, both receptive and insertive during anal intercourse). Yet, what orients men to think of themselves as tops, bottoms or versatiles is poorly understood. We surveyed 429 men engaging in same-sex anal intercourse to investigate the degree to which anal penetrative self-identity was concordant with actual penetrative behavior. Additionally, the roles of masculinity and physical body traits (e.g., penis size, muscularity, height, hairiness, and weight) were tested as correlates of anal penetrative identity and identity-behavior concordance. Tops and bottoms showed a high degree of concordance between identity and enacted behavior; however, only half of versatiles reported concordant identity and behavior (i.e., wanting to be versatile and actually reporting versatile behavior). Generally, tops reported larger penises than bottoms. They also reported being comparatively more masculine than bottoms. Versatiles fell somewhat between the tops and bottoms on these traits. Of the six independent variables, penis size and masculinity were the only two factors to influence concordance or discordance between identity and penetrative behavior. Our study suggests that the correlates of gay men’s sexual self-labels may depend on objective traits in addition to the subjective pleasure associated with receptive or insertive anal intercourse.
Potential Mediators Between Child Abuse and Both Violence and Victimization in Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Day David M. , Hart Trevor , Wanklyn Sonya G. , McCay Elizabeth , Macpherson Alison , Burnier Nathalie
Published: April 2024

Juvenile offenders are at risk for involvement in both fighting behavior and peer victimization. Understanding the potential causal mechanisms leading to these outcomes is important to address the needs of this population. The present study tested four mediator models of violent perpetration and peer victimization in a sample of 112 incarcerated youth (68 males and 44 females). In the models, the relationship between child physical and emotional abuse and fighting and victimization was expected to be mediated by impulsiveness, depression, and drug use. Multiple mediator models were tested according to Preacher and Hayes (2008). Depression fully mediated the relation between child emotional abuse and victimization and partially mediated the relation between child physical abuse and victimization. Drug use fully mediated the relation between child emotional abuse and fighting. These results suggest that treatment of depressive symptoms and drug use among juvenile offenders with a history of child physical or emotional abuse may limit violent perpetration and peer victimization in this population.
Condoms and Contradictions: Assessing Sexual Health Knowledge in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Queer Youth Labelled with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Wilson Ciann , Marshall Zack , Flicker Sarah , McClelland Alex , Vo Tessa , Nepveux Denise , Proudfoot Devon , Nixon Stephanie , Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

Background: Accessible, culturally relevant data collection tools to assess the sexual health knowledge of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and questioning (LGBTQ) young people labelled with intellectual disabilities are sparse. Materials and Methods: Using community-based participatory research (CBPR) we piloted a variety of interactive activities designed to assess the sexual health knowledge and decision making skills of LGBTQ young people with intellectual disabilities. Results: Posters created by youth participants suggested substantial sexual health knowledge and empowerment, while individual knowledge assessment scores indicated a range in understanding of risks and strategies to avoid pregnancy, HIV and herpes. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the importance of using multiple strategies to assess sexual knowledge with this population. Creative evaluation strategies catering to the cultural specificities, sexual experiences, and cognitive abilities of diverse youth help to clarify gaps in knowledge and areas for renewed attention. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; community-based participatory research; intellectual disabilities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT); sexual health Les outils de collecte des données, accessibles et culturellement appropriés, afin d’évaluer les connaissances sur la santé sexuelle des jeunes LGBT (Lesbiennes, Gais, Bisexuel-les et Trans) ayant des handicaps intellectuels sont rares. Nous avons pilotés une variété d’activités interactives ayant pour but l’évaluation des connaissances en santé sexuelle et des compétences pour la prise de décision de jeunes LGBT ayant des handicaps intellectuels. Les affiches créées par les jeunes participants indiquent une responsabilisation et une connaissance approfondie de la santé sexuelle. Les résultats des évaluations de la connaissance en santé sexuelle indiquent une bonne compréhension des risques et des stratégies pour éviter la grossesse, Le VIH et l’herpès. Les résultats obtenus renforcent l’importance d’utiliser diverses stratégies pour évaluer la connaissance en santé sexuelle de cette population. Des stratégies d’évaluation créatives qui adressent les spécificités culturelles, les expériences sexuelles et les habilités cognitives de différents jeunes aident à clarifier les lacunes en connaissance et les domaines qui nécessitent une attention accrue. Mots-clés: VIH/SIDA; recherche participative axée sur la communauté; handicaps intellectuels; (LGBT) lesbiennes, gais, bisexuel-les et trans; santé sexuelle
Masculinity, Muscularity, and HIV Sexual Risk Among Gay and Bisexual Men of Color
Authors: Brennan David J. , Souleymanov Rusty , George Clemon , Hart Trevor , A. Newman Peter , Asakura Kenta , Betancourt Gerardo
Published: April 2024

Previous research has highlighted the association between HIV sexual risk behaviors, muscularity concerns, and masculinity among gay and bisexual men (GBM). A few studies that explored these issues, however, have used relatively small sample sizes and predominantly White GBM samples. In addition, little is known about whether a drive for muscularity and perceptions of masculinity are associated with HIV sexual risk behaviors among GBM of color. This community-based study examined the association between drive for muscularity, masculinity, and HIV sexual risk among a sample of 389 GBM of color in Toronto. In multivariable analyses, drive for muscularity and masculinity were significantly associated with HIV sexual risk, after controlling for sociodemographic variables and internalized homophobia. Findings suggest that a desire to be more muscular or a disappointment with one’s musculature, as well as an endorsement of body image and penis size as indicators of masculinity may play a role in HIV sexual risk behaviors. This study is among the first to examine the role of drive for muscularity and notions of masculinity in relation to HIV sexual risk exclusively among an ethnoracially diverse sample of GBM. Further research is needed to better understand the link between body image and masculinity to reduce HIV risk among GBM of color. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)

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Psychometric Properties of the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale Among Canadian Gay and Bisexual Men of Color
Authors: Hart Trevor , Rotondi Nooshin Khobzi , Souleymanov Rusty , Brennan David J.
Published: April 2024

Gay and bisexual men (GBM) are an underexamined population in body image research, given the relatively high levels of body dissatisfaction reported among GBM compared with that of heterosexual men. However, distress related to appearance among GBM may not be exclusive to anxiety about having a perfect physique. The present study used the 16-item Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS; Hart, Flora, et al., 2008) in a racially diverse sample of 389 GBM of color to examine the psychometric properties of a measure of anxiety about being evaluated for one’s overall appearance. Similar to other studies of undergraduate students (e.g., Levinson & Rodebaugh, 2011; Levinson et al., 2013), the SAAS had a unifactorial structure and was highly internally consistent. Social appearance anxiety was highly correlated with anxiety and body image dissatisfaction. Social appearance anxiety had moderate to large correlations with other established measures of body image dissatisfaction and psychological distress. Racist experiences were associated with social appearance anxiety above and beyond correlations of social appearance anxiety with anxiety and body image dissatisfaction. The present study also extends beyond previous research on body image and anxiety among GBM by demonstrating the importance of minority stress-related variables that go beyond sexual orientation, such as racism experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Self-care management among patients with type 2 diabetes in East Jerusalem
Authors: Daoud Nihaya , Osman Amira , Hart Trevor , Berry Elliott M , Adler Bella
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Little research exists on diabetes self-care management (DSCM) in Arab populations. We examined the contribution of health belief constructs, socioeconomic position (SEP) and clinical factors (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1C] level, type of diabetes treatments, and receiving professional guidance) to DSCM among Arab patients in East Jerusalem with type 2 diabetes.

Method:

Using a structured questionnaire, we conducted face-to-face interviews with a random sample of 230 patients with type 2 diabetes in a large diabetes clinic. DSCM included engagement in any of the following in the last week: physical activity, consumption of low-fat and low-sugar diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication uptake and foot care. We obtained HbA1C levels from the clinic’s patient registry. We used linear regression to examine the contribution of health beliefs, SEP and clinical factors to explaining DSCM.

Results:

Adherence to DSCM was low. Most patients (84.8%) were physically inactive, 64.3% did not consume a low-fat or low-sugar diet (46.5%) and 51% did not self-monitor blood glucose. However, medication adherence (95.7%) and foot care were high (77.4%). About 71% of participants had high HbA1C (>7.0%). In the multivariate analysis, total DSCM scores were higher among patients with low financial barriers, high perception of the benefits of DSCM and higher self-efficacy. Patients using oral medication (vs insulin) had significantly lower DSCM scores.

Conclusion:

Among Arab patients with diabetes, more interventions are needed to encourage DSCM, specifically in areas of lifestyle (diet and physical activity). Patients’ financial barriers, benefits of DSCM and patient self-efficacy should be emphasised.
The impact of HIV-related stigma on older and younger adults living with HIV disease: does age matter?
Authors: Emlet Charles A , Brennan David J. , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Rueda Sergio , Hart Trevor , Rourke Sean B.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the independent influence of age on levels of HIV-related stigma experienced by adults living with HIV/AIDS. To accomplish this, cross-sectional data from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study were used to determine whether older age is associated with overall stigma among HIV-positive adults living in Ontario, Canada (n = 960). The relationship was also tested for enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma. Covariates included sociodemographic (e.g., gender, sexual orientation, race) and psychosocial variables (e.g., depression). Modifying effects of covariates were also investigated. Those 55 and older have significantly lower overall and internalized stigma than adults under age 40, even when accounting for gender, sexual orientation, income, time since diagnosis, depression, maladaptive coping, and social support. Age does not predict enacted or Anticipated Stigma when accounting for the demographic and psychosocial variables. A significant interaction between depression and age suggests that stigma declines with age among those who are depressed but increases to age 50 and then decreases in older age groups among those who are not depressed. Age matters when it comes to understanding stigma among adults living with HIV/AIDS; however, the relationship between age and stigma is complex, varying according to stigma type and depression level.
Traumatic Revictimization of Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV/ AIDS
Authors: Pantalone David W. , Horvath Keith J. , Hart Trevor , Valentine Sarah E , Kaysen Debra L.
Published: April 2024

Abuse in childhood has been established as a predictor of adult abuse, with the strongest associations found between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual victimization. Revictimization has been demonstrated among women, and there is a growing literature on revictimization experiences among men who have sex with men (MSM). No studies have assessed revictimization among MSM living with HIV, despite strong evidence for disproportionately high rates of life span abuse among this group, along with the added vulnerability of living with HIV and sexual minority stress. In this study, we contribute to the literature by exploring associations between multiple types of childhood and adult abuse experiences (physical, sexual, and psychological; perpetrated by partners and non-partner), rather than examining sexual victimization alone. A sample of 166 HIV-positive MSM attending primary HIV health care clinics in Seattle, Washington, completed a one-time questionnaire. Results of regression analyses revealed associations between experiencing CSA and adult sexual abuse, and experiencing childhood physical abuse and adult physical and sexual abuse. Childhood psychological abuse was associated with adult physical and psychological abuse and partner psychological abuse. At higher frequencies, childhood psychological abuse was associated with all forms of adult abuse. These findings suggest that various forms of childhood abuse experiences confer broad vulnerability to adult abuse experiences and point to potentially different pathways to revictimization based on childhood abuse type.
Establishing the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS): Operationalizing Community-based Research in a Large National Quantitative Study
Authors: R. Loutfy Mona , Greene Saara , Kennedy V. Logan , Lewis Johanna , Thomas-Pavanel Jamie , Conway Tracey , de Pokomandy Alexandra , O'Brien Nadia , Carter Allison , Tharao Wangari , Nicholson Valerie , Beaver Kerrigan , Dubuc Danièle , Gahagan Jacqueline , Proulx-Boucher Karène , S. Hogg Robert , Kaida Angela , Team CHIWOS Research
Published: April 2024

Background: Community-based research has gained increasing recognition in health research over the last two decades. Such participatory research approaches are lauded for their ability to anchor research in lived experiences, ensuring cultural appropriateness, accessing local knowledge, reaching marginalized communities, building capacity, and facilitating research-to-action. While having these positive attributes, the community-based health research literature is predominantly composed of small projects, using qualitative methods, and set within geographically limited communities. Its use in larger health studies, including clinical trials and cohorts, is limited. We present the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS), a large-scale, multi-site, national, longitudinal quantitative study that has operationalized community-based research in all steps of the research process. Successes, challenges and further considerations are offered.

Discussion: Through the integration of community-based research principles, we have been successful in: facilitating a two-year long formative phase for this study; developing a novel survey instrument with national involvement; training 39 Peer Research Associates (PRAs); offering ongoing comprehensive support to PRAs; and engaging in an ongoing iterative community-based research process. Our community-based research approach within CHIWOS demanded that we be cognizant of challenges managing a large national team, inherent power imbalances and challenges with communication, compensation and volunteering considerations, and extensive delays in institutional processes. It is important to consider the iterative nature of community-based research and to work through tensions that emerge given the diverse perspectives of numerous team members.

Conclusions: Community-based research, as an approach to large-scale quantitative health research projects, is an increasingly viable methodological option. Community-based research has several advantages that go hand-in-hand with its obstacles. We offer guidance on implementing this approach, such that the process can be better planned and result in success.
Envisioning Women-Centered HIV Care: Perspectives from Women Living with HIV in Canada
Authors: O’Brien Nadia , Greene Saara , Carter Allison , Lewis Johanna , Nicholson Valerie , Kwaramba Gladys , Ménard Brigitte , Kaufman Elaina , Ennabil Nourane , Andersson Neil , Loutfy Mona , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Kaida Angela , Team CHIWOS Research
Published: April 2024

Background: Women comprise nearly one-quarter of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Canada. Compared with men, women living with HIV experience inequities in HIV care and health outcomes, prompting a need for gendered and tailored approaches to HIV care.

Method: Peer and academic researchers from the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study conducted focus groups to understand women's experience of seeking care, with the purpose of identifying key characteristics that define a women-centered approach to HIV care. Eleven focus groups were conducted with 77 women living with HIV across Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia, Canada.

Results: Women envisioned three central characteristics of women-centered HIV care, including i) coordinated and integrated services that address both HIV and women's health care priorities, and protect against exclusion from care due to HIV-related stigma, ii) care that recognizes and responds to structural barriers that limit women's access to care, such as violence, poverty, motherhood, HIV-related stigma, and challenges to safe disclosure, and iii) care that fosters peer support and peer leadership in its design and delivery to honor the diversity of women's experiences, overcome women's isolation, and prioritize women's ownership over the decisions that affect their lives.

Conclusion: Despite advances in HIV treatment and care, the current care landscape is inadequate to meet women's comprehensive care needs. A women-centered approach to HIV care, as envisioned by women living with HIV, is central to guiding policy and practice to improve care and outcomes for women living with HIV in Canada.
Prevalence and Correlates of Forced Sex as a Self-Reported Mode of HIV Acquisition Among a Cohort of Women Living With HIV in Canada
Authors: Hart Trevor , H. Logie Carmen , Kaida Angela , de Pokomandy Alexandra , O’Brien Nadia , O’Campo Patricia , MacGillivray Jay , Ahmed Uzma , Arora Nikita , Wang Lu , Jabbari Shahab , Kennedy Logan , Carter Allison , Proulx-Boucher Karene , Conway Tracey , Sereda Paul , R. Loutfy Mona , Team CHIWOS Research
Published: April 2024

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global epidemic associated with increased HIV exposure. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of HIV acquisition via forced sex among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Canada. Baseline questionnaire data were analyzed for WLWH (≥16 years) with data on self-reported mode of HIV acquisition, enrolled in a community-based cohort study in British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. We assessed forced sex (childhood, adulthood) as a self-reported mode of HIV acquisition. Of 1,330 participants, the median age was 42 (interquartile range [IQR] = 35-50) years; 23.5% were Indigenous, 26.3% African/Caribbean/Black, 43% White, and 7.2% of Other ethnicities. Forced sex was the third dominant mode of HIV transmission at 16.5% (n = 219; vs. 51.6% consensual sex, 19.7% sharing needles, 5.3% blood transfusion, 3.8% perinatal, 1.3% contaminated needles, 0.4% other, 1.6% do not know/prefer not to answer). In multivariable analyses, significant correlates of HIV acquisition from forced versus consensual sex included legal status as a landed immigrant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.12, 3.54]) or refugee (aOR = 3.62; 95% CI = [1.63, 8.04]) versus Canadian citizen; African/Caribbean/Black ethnicity versus Caucasian (aOR = 2.49; 95% CI = [1.43, 4.35]), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (aOR = 3.00; 95% CI = [1.68, 5.38]), histories of group home residence (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI = [1.10, 5.23]), foster care (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI = [1.10, 4.34]), and having one child relative to having three or more children (aOR = 0.52; 95% CI = [0.31, 0.89]). GBV must be considered a distinct HIV risk factor; forced sex is a significant underrecognized risk factor and mode of women's HIV acquistion. Public health reporting systems can separate consensual and forced sex in reporting modes of HIV acquisition. Practitioners can engage in screening practices to meet client needs.
Scenes as Micro-Cultures: Examining Heterogeneity of HIV Risk Behavior Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Noor Syed W. , Adam Barry D. , Brennan David J. , Moskowitz David A. , Gardner Sandra , Hart Trevor
Published: April 2024

Using latent class analysis (LCA), we examined patterns of participation in multiple scenes, how sexual risk practices vary by scene, and psychosocial factors associated with these patterns among 470 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) recruited from Toronto. We calculated posterior probability of being in a class from participation in nine separate scenes. We used Entropy, the Bayesian information criterion and the Lo–Mendel–Rubin likelihood ratio test to identify the best fit model. Fit indices suggested a four-class solution. Half (50%) of the GBM reported no or minimal participation in any scene, 28% reported participating in the dance club scene, 16% reported participating in the BDSM, bear, and leather scenes, and 6% reported participating in circuit, party and play, and sex party scenes. Compared to GBM who did not participate in scenes, GBM participating in the BDSM-Bear-Leather scene were more likely to be older, white, to report higher sexual self-esteem, and to engage in condomless anal sex; Party and Play scene members were more likely to be of Asian origin, and to use drugs before and during sex, whereas Dance Club scene members were more likely to be younger and to report lower self-esteem but higher hope. LCA allowed us to identify distinct social niches or micro-cultures and factors characterizing these micro-cultures. GBM differ in their risk for HIV and STIs according to characteristics associated with participation in distinct micro-cultures associated with scenes. Tailored interventions may be needed that focus on reducing HIV risk and promoting sexual health in specific contexts such as the BDSM-Bear-Leather and Party and Play.
Resilience pathways, childhood escape routes, and mentors reported by gay and bisexual men affected by syndemic conditions
Authors: Adam Barry D. , Hart Trevor , Vernon Julia R G
Published: April 2024

Investigation of the social and psychological antecedents of the HIV epidemic has identified a syndemic of conditions associated with risk behavior and seroconversion. This study inquires into the resilient practices and developmental processes of gay and bisexual men at the nexus of syndemic conditions to understand the pathways that lead to health problems or well-being. Interviews with 40 men identified branching pathways from home environments into schools that either offer refuge or a regime of gender discipline and bullying. Some found escape routes from hostile environments in worlds of books, pop culture, or internet chat. In adolescence, one set of men identified the development of sexual relationships with older men as a lifeline that brought a measure of emotional growth. This study points to resilience pathways and social resources that could make a difference in the lives of those deemed to be “high risk.”