bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interacting With Art: Healing From the Inside Out
Authors: Bair Lynda E. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: November 2022

Can visual interaction with artwork prompt healing? Can the brain recover from traumatic experiences and help heal the whole body? Since the 1940s, art therapists have claimed that the production of art can help heal past traumas. Similarly, occupational therapists have employed techniques from arts and crafts since the end of World War II to retrain soldiers helping them recover from the trauma of war. The global Covid-19 pandemic has caused health-related and psychological problems--isolation, increased anxiety, and fear--for people of all ages, with the rates of such traumas affecting children tripling over the past two years. According to the Nebraska-based quilting company, Accuquilt, during the first six months of pandemic isolation in 2020, sales more than doubled as new customers showed a desire to participate in arts and crafts from home. This essay explores various approaches to the arts to determine how art may restore dignity and health following traumatic experiences.
Counterparts and Counterpossibles: Impossibility without Impossible Worlds
Authors: Hicks Michael Townsen ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: November 2022

Standard accounts of counterfactuals with metaphysically impossible antecedents take them to by trivially true. But recent work shows that nontrivial countermetaphysicals are frequently appealed to in scientific modeling and are indispensable for a number of metaphysical projects. I focus on three recent discussions of counterpossible counterfactuals, which apply counterpossibles in both scientific and metaphysical modeling. I show that a sufficiently developed modal counterpart theory can provide a semantics for a wide range of counterpossibles without any inconsistent possibilities or other forms of impossible worlds. But such a view faces problems: in order for the metaphysical views I discuss to bear weight, there must be a significant difference between the metaphysical possibilities and impossibilities. I will show how the counterpart-theoretic view delineates the possible from impossible, while still making room for the impossible.
Comparing fraction magnitudes: Adults’ verbal reports reveal strategy flexibility and adaptivity, but also bias
Authors: Obersteiner Andreas , Alibali Martha Wagner , Marupudi Vijay
Published: November 2022

Many studies have used fraction magnitude comparison tasks to assess people’s abilities to quickly assess fraction magnitudes. However, since there are multiple ways to compare fractions, it is not clear whether people actually reason about the holistic magnitudes of the fractions in this task and whether they use multiple strategies in a flexible and adaptive way. We asked 72 adults to solve challenging fraction comparisons (e.g., 31/71 vs. 13/23) on a computer. In some of these comparisons, using benchmarks (i.e., reference numbers such as 1/2) was potentially beneficial. After each trial, participants provided verbal reports of their strategies. We found that participants used a large variety of strategies. The majority of strategies were holistic and relied on fraction magnitudes, and most of these strategies were based on benchmarks. Participants sometimes used gap comparison (i.e., comparing the differences between each fraction’s numerator and denominator), a heuristic that is not always valid and that does not rely on fraction magnitudes. Participants used strategies flexibly: they used many different strategies, they used highly efficient strategies most often, and they adapted their strategy use to features of the items. However, participants sometimes used gap comparison on items for which it did not yield the correct response, and this lack of adaptivity partly explained the “natural number bias” observed in this study.
Factores que influyen en la percepción del alumnado sobre la importancia de la educación física
Authors: García Vélez Antonio Joaquín , Jiménez Parra José Francisco
Published: November 2022

Currently, an increase in sedentary behaviors has been observed in young people due to changes in the motivations and interests of the students. For this reason, it was proposed to know the factors that influence the perception of students about the importance of Physical Education (PE). For this, there were 780 Primary and Secondary students from the Region of Murcia, who were administered the Attitudes towards PE Questionnaire (CAEF). Regarding the results, it was observed that the variables that mainly influence the perception of the importance of PE are the good relationship with the teacher of the area, the increase in mood after the classes and the belief that the contents are valuable. Therefore, it is concluded that PE must have a curriculum with valuable and useful content, establish a good classroom climate and use a methodology that encourages the perception of competence and belonging to the group.

Actualmente se ha observado un aumento de conductas sedentarias en los jóvenes debido a cambios en las motivaciones e intereses de los estudiantes. Por este motivo, se planteó conocer los factores que influyen en la percepción del alumnado sobre la importancia de la Educación Física (EF). Para ello, se contó con 780 estudiantes de Primaria y Secundaria de la Región de Murcia, a los que se les administró el Cuestionario de Actitudes hacia la EF (CAEF). En cuanto a los resultados, se observó que las variables que principalmente influyen en la percepción sobre la importancia de la EF son la buena relación con el docente del área, el aumento del estado de ánimo tras las clases y la creencia de que los contenidos son valiosos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la EF debe tener un currículo con contenidos de valor y útiles, establecer un buen clima del aula y usar una metodología que fomente la percepción de competencia y de pertenencia al grupo.
Editorial Mosaic número 197
Authors: Soler-Adillon Joan
Published: November 2022

Mosaic estrena curso académico 2022-2023 con la publicación de un número que aborda temas como el arte digital, la brecha de género en el ámbito STEAM o la importancia de la tecnología en el ámbito de la salud. Además, incluye artículos y entrevistas sobre educación, diseño y visualización de datos.
Retinopathy of prematurity: Metabolic risk factors
Authors: Fu Zhongjie , Nilsson Anders K , Hellstrom Ann , Smith Lois EH
Published: November 2022

At preterm birth, the retina is incompletely vascularized. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is initiated by the postnatal suppression of physiological retinal vascular development that would normally occur in utero. As the neural retina slowly matures, increasing metabolic demand including in the peripheral avascular retina, leads to signals for compensatory but pathological neovascularization. Currently, only late neovascular ROP is treated. ROP could be prevented by promoting normal vascular growth. Early perinatal metabolic dysregulation is a strong but understudied risk factor for ROP and other long-term sequelae of preterm birth. We will discuss the metabolic and oxygen needs of retina, current treatments, and potential interventions to promote normal vessel growth including control of postnatal hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hyperoxia-induced retinal metabolic alterations. Early supplementation of missing nutrients and growth factors and control of supplemental oxygen promotes physiological retinal development. We will discuss the current knowledge gap in retinal metabolism after preterm birth.
Genetic architecture of natural variation of cardiac performance from flies to humans
Authors: Saha Saswati , Spinelli Lionel , Castro Mondragon Jaime A , Kervadec Anaïs , Lynott Michaela , Kremmer Laurent , Roder Laurence , Krifa Sallouha , Torres Magali , Brun Christine , Vogler Georg , Bodmer Rolf , Colas Alexandre R , Ocorr Karen , Perrin Laurent
Published: November 2022

Deciphering the genetic architecture of human cardiac disorders is of fundamental importance but their underlying complexity is a major hurdle. We investigated the natural variation of cardiac performance in the sequenced inbred lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) identified genetic networks associated with natural variation of cardiac traits which were used to gain insights as to the molecular and cellular processes affected. Non-coding variants that we identified were used to map potential regulatory non-coding regions, which in turn were employed to predict transcription factors (TFs) binding sites. Cognate TFs, many of which themselves bear polymorphisms associated with variations of cardiac performance, were also validated by heart-specific knockdown. Additionally, we showed that the natural variations associated with variability in cardiac performance affect a set of genes overlapping those associated with average traits but through different variants in the same genes. Furthermore, we showed that phenotypic variability was also associated with natural variation of gene regulatory networks. More importantly, we documented correlations between genes associated with cardiac phenotypes in both flies and humans, which supports a conserved genetic architecture regulating adult cardiac function from arthropods to mammals. Specifically, roles for PAX9 and EGR2 in the regulation of the cardiac rhythm were established in both models, illustrating that the characteristics of natural variations in cardiac function identified in Drosophila can accelerate discovery in humans.
Functional Properties of Noodles Analogue from Water Yam, Yellow Maize, and African Yam Bean Mixtures – A Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kalu C. E. , Alaka I. C. , Asadu K. C. , OKpara K. C. , Daniel C. C.
Published: November 2022

Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effect of extrusion process on proximate composition of noodles analogue from water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean flour mixture. Flour blend from water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean were produced and was used to extrude noodles analogue using a Brabender single screw laboratory extruder (Duisburg DCE 330 model) fitted with 3.0 mm die nozzle diameter. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables, namely barrel temperature, feed moisture content  and screw speed and five level coded – a, -1, 0, +1, +a, was used and data analyzed by regression analysis. Results showed that bulk density ranged from 0.41 to 0.09 g/cm water solubility index ranged from 4.41 to 6.36%; water absorption capacity ranged from 2.05 to 5.66% and expansion ratio ranged from 1.62 to 3.81respectively. The coefficients of determinations (R2) were high and ranged from 0.9039 to 0.9887 at 5% level. The response surface plots suggested that the models developed had a good fit and the CCRD was effective in explaining the effect of the process conditions on noodles analogue as influenced by barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and screw speed of the extruder. The data obtained from the study could be used for control of product characteristics. The study indicated that improved noodles analogue from available and cheap roots, cereal and legumes such as water yam, yellow maize, and African yam bean can be produced for possible projection for the commercial production of noodles analogue.
Climate Smart Agriculture with Drought Resistant Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Cultivars under Subtropical Climate
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Ullah S. M.
Published: November 2022

Climate smart agriculture focus on crop production under climate stress. Climate change adaptation potential was investigated in medium textured soil to evaluate the drought/water stress effect on different cultivars of tomato. The imposed stress levels were 82 -100% (T0), 69-85% (T1), 53-67% (T2) and 40-50% (T3) of the FC (Field Capacity). In water stressed condition no significant influence was observed in production of plant dry matter and increased acids & soluble sugars and consequently improved the fruit quality. Water stresses did not show any significant effect on height, yield and increased in BR-5, probably due to its tolerance to water stress.

Also, none of the stress- treated tomatoes showed deteriorated visual quality of the fruits and were red over 90%. No bruising and internal damages in tissues were detected due to stress. Water stresses enhanced the sweetness of the fruits by increasing their organic solute contents as glucose, fructose and sucrose contents and improved the quality by increasing the amount of important acids such as citric acid, malic acid and ascorbic acid, showed the adaptation responses of the crop to climatic stress due to conspicuous tendency of tomato plants to adjust osmotically against drought stress.
How Immune-Evasive Omicron Offspring and a Lack of Mitigation Measures Could Shape a COVID-19 Winter Wave
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: November 2022

This Medical News feature examines what the COVID-19 pandemic might look like this winter.
Conflict and Climate Collide to Create an Acute Hunger Crisis for an Unprecedented 345 Million People
Authors: Larkin Howard
Published: November 2022

This Medical News article discusses increasing global food insecurity linked to political conflict and climate change.
Assessment of Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Hilar Lymphadenectomy for Advanced Proximal Gastric Cancer Without Invasion Into the Greater Curvature
Authors: Lin Jian-Xian , Lin Jun-Peng , Wang Zu-Kai , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bin , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Tu Ru-Hong , Lin Guang-Tan , Huang Ze-Ning , Lin Ju-Li , Zheng Hua-Long , Lin Guo-Sheng , Huang Chang-Ming , Zheng Chao-Hui
Published: November 2022

Importance

The survival benefit of laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy (LSTG) for locally advanced proximal gastric cancer (APGC) without invasion into the greater curvature remains uncertain.

Objective

To compare the long-term and short-term efficacy of LSTG (D2 + No. 10 group) and conventional laparoscopic total gastrectomy (D2 group) for patients with APGC that has not invaded the greater curvature.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this open-label, prospective randomized clinical trial, a total of 536 patients with clinical stage cT2 to 4a/N0 to 3/M0 APGC without invasion into the greater curvature were enrolled from January 2015 to October 2018. The final follow-up was on October 31, 2021. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to February 2022.

Interventions

Eligible patients were randomized to the D2 + No. 10 group or the D2 group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary outcomes were 3-year overall survival (OS) and morbidity and mortality within 30 days after surgery.

Results

Of 526 included patients, 392 (74.5%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 60.6 (9.6) years. A total of 263 patients were included in the D2 + No. 10 group, and 263 were included in the D2 group. The 3-year DFS was 70.3% (95% CI, 64.8-75.8) for the D2 + No. 10 group and 64.3% (95% CI, 58.4-70.2; P = .11) for the D2 group, and the 3-year OS in the D2 + No. 10 group was better than that in the D2 group (75.7% [95% CI, 70.6-80.8] vs 66.5% [95% CI, 60.8-72.2]; P = .02). Multivariate analysis revealed that splenic hilar lymphadenectomy was not an independent protective factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.63-1.16) or OS (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.59-1.12). Stratification analysis showed that patients with advanced posterior gastric cancer in the D2 + No. 10 group had better 3-year DFS (92.9% vs 39.3%; P < .001) and OS (92.9% vs 42.9%; P < .001) than those in the D2 group. Multivariate analysis confirmed that patients with advanced posterior gastric cancer could have the survival benefit from No. 10 lymph node dissection (DFS: HR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.46; OS: HR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.52).

Conclusions and Relevance

Although LSTG could not significantly improve the 3-year DFS of patients with APGC without invasion into the greater curvature, patients with APGC located posterior gastric wall may benefit from LSTG.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02333721
Photopolymerization, Free Radical
Authors: Allonas Xavier , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Ley Christian , Schuller Anne‐Sophie
Published: November 2022

This study presents the main principles of the free radical photopolymerization reaction. Photoinitiators and photoinitiating systems are reviewed, and their most important features are discussed. Attention is paid to sources of light, particularly light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), which are discussed with respect to the absorption properties of commercially available photoinitiators (PI). The mechanism of free radical photopolymerization is also reviewed, with a focus on simulation models. Characterization techniques are described, demonstrating that the final properties can be analyzed, as well as the polymerization process and side effects such as oxygen inhibition. Finally, the different families of monomers usable in free‐radical photopolymerization are presented, together with the main properties of the corresponding photopolymers.
FAR‐sighted conservation
Authors: Thomas Chris D. , Hill Jane K. , Ward Caroline , Hatfield Jack H.
Published: November 2022

Conservation targets that reference historical expectations, such as maintaining specified areas of intact ecosystems, restoring degraded ones or maintaining the historic distributions of species, may not be realistic in the context of ongoing environmental change, whereas targets that aspire to accommodate the complex realities of the human‐altered and changing world tend to be too vague to implement.

Using the first three recently proposed Convention on Biological Diversity post‐2020 global biodiversity Action Targets as context, we suggest a policy framework that evaluates how we might shift from an emphasis on resisting sometimes inevitable change to the development of positive directions of change for people and biodiversity. Our Anthropocene approach builds on the fact that all ecosystems have already been shaped by interactions with people and that ongoing change is inevitable.

We outline a Facilitate–Accept–Resist (FAR) framework for all levels of conservation decision‐making and actions, ranging from overall conservation strategies (planning, setting targets, monitoring change, selecting indicators) to the conservation of places (sites, ecosystems, landscapes) and species, and to the provision of ecosystem services and human well‐being. For each potential decision, the approach evaluates whether, for whom and how one might facilitate, accept or resist particular changes. We highlight the value of inclusive engagement in the process to ensure that benefits from biodiversity are equitably shared.

The CBD Action targets reflect tensions between maintaining historic states of nature and the Anthropocene reality of integrating people with nature and accepting change. The challenge is to operationalize the inclusivity, integration and change elements of the targets whilst not ‘abandoning’ locations that many conservationists consider to be key places for wildlife. The FAR framework represents a way to operationalize decision‐making in the face of this tension, so that the facilitation and acceptance of positive biodiversity change is adopted at least as frequently as change is resisted.
Topological Insulator Optoelectronic Synapses for High‐Accuracy Binary Image Recognition using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Wan Zhengfen , Zhang Qiwen , Hu Fangzhen , Dong Yibo , Li Runze , Hu Liangchen , Xie Yiyang , Yue Zengji , Chen Xi , Gu Min
Published: November 2022

Artificial optoelectronic synapses have drawn tremendous attention in neuromorphic computing due to their exceptional properties of incorporating optical‐sensing and synaptic functions. However, the complex fabrication processes and device architectures greatly limit their applications. More importantly, artificial neural networks (ANNs) commonly implemented with optoelectronic synapses cannot take full advantage of the time‐dependent data of synaptic devices, resulting in defective accuracies. Here, facile two‐terminal optoelectronic synapses based on topological insulator Sb2Te3 films are fabricated, which exhibit significant photocurrent responses, owing to the efficient light‐matter interaction in bulk and the topological surface state of Sb2Te3. The performance of Sb2Te3 devices can be tuned both optically and electrically. Typical characteristics of synapses, such as paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term memory, long‐term memory, and learning behavior, have been demonstrated. With the establishment of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that are committed to processing temporal data, the as‐fabricated synapse devices are employed for binary image recognition of handwritten numbers “0” and “1”. The recognition accuracy of RNNs can reach as high as 100%, which is dramatically higher than those of ANNs. The effective employment of temporal data with RNNs ensured high recognition accuracy. These Sb2Te3 optoelectronic synapses with RNNs indicate the great potential for developing high‐performance brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing.
HPV Enhances HNSCC Chemosensitization by Inhibiting SERPINB3 Expression to Disrupt the Fanconi Anemia Pathway
Authors: Huang Zixian , Chen Yongju , Chen Rui , Zhou Bin , Wang Yongqiang , Hong Lei , Wang Yuepeng , Wang Jianguang , Xu Xiaoding , Huang Zhiquan , Chen Weiliang
Published: November 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and the prognosis of patients is poor due to chemotherapeutic resistance. Interestingly, patients with HNSCC induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are more sensitive to chemotherapy and display a better prognosis than HPV‐negative patients. The biological relevance of HPV infection and the mechanism underlying chemosensitivity to cisplatin remain unknown. Herein, SERPINB3 is identified as an important target for regulation of cisplatin sensitivity by HPV‐E6/E7 in HNSCC. Downregulation of SERPINB3 inhibits cisplatin‐induced DNA damage repair and enhances the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. In detail, decreasing SERPINB3 expression reduces the USP1‐mediated deubiquitination of FANCD2–FANCI in the Fanconi anemia pathway, thereby interfering with cisplatin‐induced DNA interstrand crosslinks repair and further contributing to HNSCC cell apoptosis. To translate this finding, pH‐responsive nanoparticles are used to deliver SERPINB3 small interfering RNA in combination with cisplatin, and this treatment successfully reverses cisplatin chemotherapeutic resistance in a patient‐derived xenograft model from HPV‐negative HNSCC. Taken together, these findings suggest that targeting SERPINB3 based on HPV‐positive HNSCC is a potential strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance in HPV‐negative HNSCC and improves the prognosis of this disease.
NNMT‐DNMT1 Axis is Essential for Maintaining Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibition
Authors: Wu Changqing , Liu Yu'e , Liu Wenju , Zou Tianhui , Lu Shaojuan , Zhu Chengjie , He Le , Chen Jie , Fang Lan , Zou Lin , Wang Ping , Fan Lihong , Wang Hongxiang , You Han , Chen Juxiang , Fang Jing‐Yuan , Jiang Cizhong , Shi Yufeng
Published: November 2022

Lacking a clear understanding of the molecular mechanism determining cancer cell sensitivity to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition limits the development of OXPHOS‐targeting cancer treatment. Here, cancer cell lines sensitive or resistant to OXPHOS inhibition are identified by screening. OXPHOS inhibition‐sensitive cancer cells possess increased OXPHOS activity and silenced nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) expression. NNMT expression negatively correlates with OXPHOS inhibition sensitivity and functionally downregulates the intracellular levels of S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM). Expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a SAM consumer, positively correlates with OXPHOS inhibition sensitivity. NNMT overexpression and DNMT1 inhibition render OXPHOS inhibition‐sensitive cancer cells resistant. Importantly, treatments of OXPHOS inhibitors (Gboxin and Berberine) hamper the growth of mouse tumor xenografts by OXPHOS inhibition sensitive but not resistant cancer cells. What's more, the retrospective study of 62 tumor samples from a clinical trial demonstrates that administration of Berberine reduces the tumor recurrence rate of NNMTlow/DNMT1high but not NNMThigh/DNMT1low colorectal adenomas (CRAs). These results thus reveal a critical role of the NNMT‐DNMT1 axis in determining cancer cell reliance on mitochondrial OXPHOS and suggest that NNMT and DNMT1 are faithful biomarkers for OXPHOS‐targeting cancer therapies.
Genetic polymorphism of fatty acid binding protein‐2 in hyperlipidemic Asian Indians in North India
Authors: Meena Kiran , Misra Anoop , Vikram Naval , Ali Shakir , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Luthra Kalpana
Published: November 2022

Background

Fatty acid binding protein‐2 (FABP‐2) is involved in the metabolism of lipids in the intestine. FABP‐2 Ala54Thr polymorphism involves a transition of G to A at codon 54 of FABP‐2, resulting in an amino acid substitution Ala54 to Thr54 and is associated with elevated fasting triglycerides in some hyperlipidemic populations.

In current genome builds and gene databases the variant of the Ala54Thr FABP‐2 (rs 1 799 883) is annotated as c.163A>G (p. Thr55Ala).

Aim and Objective

The status of this polymorphism in hyperlipidemic Asian Indians from North India has not been investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the distribution of the polymorphic variants of the Ala54Thr FABP‐2 and their association with lipids in hyperlipidemic subjects.

Methods

Ala54Thr FABP‐2 polymorphism in both hyperlipidemic (n = 210) and normolipidemic (n = 342) subjects was assessed by PCR‐RFLP.

Results

Ala54Thr genotypes and alleles distribution did not differ between the hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic groups.

The heterozygous genotype FABP‐2 Ala/Thr was significantly associated with higher levels of triglycerides and very low‐density lipoproteins as compared to the homozygous variant (Thr/Thr) genotype and the wild type homozygous (Ala/Ala) genotype.

Conclusions

The heterozygous genotype FABP‐2 Ala54Thr is a risk factor for the development of hypertriglyceridemia and increased levels of VLDL‐c in Asian Indians from North India.
Growth charts for Marfan syndrome in the Netherlands and analysis of genotype–phenotype relationships
Authors: Lauffer Peter , Pals Gerard , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Postema Floor A. M. , Baars Marieke J. H. , Dulfer Eelco , Hilhorst‐Hofstee Yvonne , Houweling Arjan C. , Kempers Marlies , Krapels Ingrid P. C. , van de Laar Ingrid M. B. H. , Loeys Bart , Spaans Alexander M. J. , Warnink‐Kavelaars Jessica , de Waard Vivian , Wit Jan M. , Menke Leonie A.
Published: November 2022

To optimize care for children with Marfan syndrome (MFS) in the Netherlands, Dutch MFS growth charts were constructed. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the effect of FBN1 variant type (haploinsufficiency [HI]/dominant negative [DN]) on growth, and compare MFS‐related height increase across populations. Height and weight data of individuals with MFS aged 0–21 years were retrospectively collected. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) was used for growth chart modeling. To investigate genotype–phenotype relationships, FBN1 variant type was included as an independent variable in height‐for‐age and BMI‐for‐age models. MFS‐related height increase was compared with that of previous MFS growth studies from the United States, Korea, and France. Height and weight data of 389 individuals with MFS were included (210 males). Height‐for‐age, BMI‐for‐age, and weight‐for‐height charts reflected the tall and slender MFS habitus throughout childhood. Mean increase in height of individuals with MFS compared with the general Dutch population was significantly lower than in the other three MFS populations compared to their reference populations. FBN1‐HI variants were associated with taller height in both sexes, and decreased BMI in females (p‐values <0.05). This Dutch MFS growth study broadens the notion that genetic background and MFS variant type (HI/DN) influence tall and slender stature in MFS.
Azaarenes: 13 Ringe in einer Reihe durch Cyclopentanellierung
Authors: Maier Steffen , Hippchen Nikolai , Jester Fabian , Dodds Marcus , Weber Michel , Skarjan Leon , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: November 2022

Eine Cyclopentanellierungsstrategie wird für den Zugang zu langen, stabilen Azaarenen vorgestellt. Buchwald–Hartwig‐Kupplung von literaturbekannten di‐ und tetrabromierten cyclopentaneliertenN,N′‐Dihydrotetraazapentacenen lieferte stabile Azaarene mit bis zu 13 linear anellierten Benzolringen und einer Länge von 3.1 nm. Ihre optoelektronischen und halbleitenden Eigenschaften sowie ihre Aromatizität wurden untersucht.
Site‐Selective Electrochemical C−H Carboxylation of Arenes with CO2
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Liu Yin , Wang Siyi , Tang Shunyao , Ma Dengke , Zhu Zile , Guo Chengcheng , Qiu Youai
Published: November 2022

Herein, a direct, metal‐free, and site‐selective electrochemical C−H carboxylation of arenes by reductive activation using CO2as the economic and abundant carboxylic source was reported. The electrocarboxylation was carried out in an operationally simple manner with high chemo‐ and regioselectivity, setting the stage for the challenging site‐selective C−H carboxylation of unactivated (hetero)arenes. The robust nature of the electrochemical strategy was reflected by a broad scope of substrates with excellent atom economy and unique selectivity. Notably, the direct and selective C−H carboxylation of various challenging arenes worked well in this approach, including electron‐deficient naphthalenes, pyridines, simple phenyl derivatives, and substituted quinolines. The method benefits from being externally catalyst‐free, metal‐free and base‐free, which makes it extremely attractive for potential applications.
Unlocking Charge Transfer Limitations for Extreme Fast Charging of Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yao Yu‐Xing , Chen Xiang , Yao Nan , Gao Jin‐Hui , Xu Gang , Ding Jun‐Fan , Song Chun‐Liang , Cai Wen‐Long , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2022

Extreme fast charging (XFC) of high‐energy Li‐ion batteries is a key enabler of electrified transportation. While previous studies mainly focused on improving Li ion mass transport in electrodes and electrolytes, the limitations of charge transfer across electrode–electrolyte interfaces remain underexplored. Herein we unravel how charge transfer kinetics dictates the fast rechargeability of Li‐ion cells. Li ion transfer across the cathode–electrolyte interface is found to be rate‐limiting during XFC, but the charge transfer energy barrier at both the cathode and anode have to be reduced simultaneously to prevent Li plating, which is achieved through electrolyte engineering. By unlocking charge transfer limitations, 184 Wh kg−1 pouch cells demonstrate stable XFC (10‐min charge to 80 %) which is otherwise unachievable, and the lifetime of 245 Wh kg−1 21700 cells is quintupled during fast charging (25‐min charge to 80 %).
Molecular/Ionic Designs in the Electrolyte and Interphases for Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Yin Xiangkai , Li Xinyang , Cui Xiaofeng , Liu Limin , Weng Xianjun , Ding Shujiang , Yu Wei
Published: November 2022

The undesirable interactions between the charge carriers (Li+) and various objects in the special microenvironment of batteries would cause uneven lithium (Li) metal deposition behavior, which severely impedes the application of Li metal batteries (LMBs). In recent years, many works focus on optimizing these interactions by functional molecules/ions modification. Nevertheless, related reviews are still absent. Here, this review introduces the regulation methods of Li metal deposition from molecular/ionic designs, which is a new perspective including Li+ flux homogenization, the de‐solvation process regulation, optimizing the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in conventional solvation structure and anion‐rich solvation structure. Also, the general design principles are studied in each mechanism and some suggestions are proposed in the prospective future directions, aiming to guide the development of molecular/ionic designs and the actual application of LMBs with high energy densities.
In the Shadow of the 1919 Total Solar Eclipse: The Two British Expeditions and the Politics of Invisibility**
Authors: Simões Ana
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses the legendary total solar eclipse of 29 May 1919. Two British teams confirmed the light bending prediction by Albert Einstein: Charles R. Davidson and Andrew C. C. Crommelin in Sobral, Brazil and Arthur S. Eddington and Edwin T. Cottingham on the African island of Príncipe, then part of the Portuguese empire.

By jointly analyzing the two astronomical expeditions supported by written and visual sources, I show how, despite extensive scholarship on this famous historical episode and the historiographical emphasis on the plural dimensions of knowledge construction, many human and non‐human actors have been kept in the shadow of the eclipse. I do so by focusing on what I call knowledge from the periphery together with knowledge from below, grounded literally on how localities (sites) affect choices and events, and growing outward to encompass a wide range of participants. I show how the geopolitical status of the two nations where the observational sites were located, and specifically Portugal's condition of colonial power, affected main decisions and events, while highlighting the active role of participants, ranging from experts from the peripheries and those involved in the travels to local elites and anonymous peoples, some of whom contributed to the observation of totality.
Comparison of mechanistic and hybrid modeling approaches for characterization of a CHO cultivation process: Requirements, pitfalls and solution paths
Authors: Bayer Benjamin , Duerkop Mark , Pörtner Ralf , Möller Johannes
Published: November 2022

Despite the advantages of mathematical bioprocess modeling, successful model implementation already starts with experimental planning and accordingly can fail at this early stage. For this study, two different modeling approaches (mechanistic and hybrid) based on a four‐dimensional antibody‐producing CHO fed‐batch process are compared. Overall, 33 experiments are performed in the fractional factorial four‐dimensional design space and separated into four different complex data partitions subsequently used for model comparison and evaluation. The mechanistic model demonstrates the advantage of prior knowledge (i.e., known equations) to get informative value relatively independently of the utilized data partition. The hybrid approach displayes a higher data dependency but simultaneously yielded a higher accuracy on all data partitions. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that independent of the chosen modeling framework, a smart selection of only four initial experiments can already yield a very good representation of a full design space independent of the chosen modeling structure. Academic and industry researchers are recommended to pay more attention to experimental planning to maximize the process understanding obtained from mathematical modeling.
Climate change performance and financial distress
Authors: Alshahrani Faisal , Eulaiwi Baban , Duong Lien , Taylor Grantley
Published: November 2022

Given the crucial role that environmental accounting plays in sustainable development, this study investigates the relationship between climate change disclosure performance (CCDP) and financial distress as well as the moderating impact of litigation, the existence of a risk committee, the employment of Big4 auditing firms and the level of audit fees. Utilising a sample of the top 300 Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)‐listed non‐financial firms over the period 2008–2019 and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis with fixed effects, it is found that higher levels of CCDP are related to lower levels of financial distress. Additionally, the significant association between CCDP and financial distress is manifested in firms with low litigation risk, firms with a risk committee, firms that employ Big4 auditing firms and firms that incur a higher level of audit fees. Additional tests that mitigate self‐selection and endogeneity, such as propensity score matching (PSM) and the system generalised method of moments (GMM), show that our findings are robust. Finally, our findings shed light on managers' strategic behaviour in relation to the consideration of, and transparency around, climate change risks.
‘I wanna be sustainable, but I don't wanna show it!’: The effect of sustainability cues on young adult consumers' preferences
Authors: Fani Virginia , Mazzoli Valentina , Acuti Diletta
Published: November 2022

Given the urgent need to address plastic pollution, fashion companies are implementing diverse strategies to reduce plastic in their production processes. To communicate their commitment to plastic waste reduction, companies have started including symbols on their products (i.e., sustainability cues). However, the effect of these symbols on consumer behaviour remains unclear. Thus, through a mixed method involving three focus groups and two online experiments, we investigate the effect of sustainability cues on consumers' preferences. Our findings show that including sustainability cues on a product is not always an effective business strategy. Hence, we expand the ongoing debate on the effects of environmental strategies, offering new insights into consumers' perceptions of sustainability cues and demonstrating the importance of perceived proximity and environmental concern in enhancing or reducing buying intentions towards sustainable products. For fashion companies, we reveal if and how sustainability cues can represent a competitive leverage prompting environmentally friendly purchases.
A Newabeo‐Icetexane‐Type Diterpenoid from the Stem Barks ofTaxus wallichiana
Authors: Dang Phu Hoang , Nguyen Hai Xuan , Le Tho Huu , Van Do Truong Nhat , Nguyen Mai Thanh Thi , Nguyen Nhan Trung
Published: November 2022

From a CH2Cl2‐soluble fraction of the stem barks ofTaxus wallichiana, one newabeo‐icetexane‐type diterpenoid, taxamairin I (1), was isolated. Its absolute configuration was elucidated based on spectroscopic interpretation and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculation of optical rotation. In addition, the plausible biosynthesis pathway for the formation of the newabeo‐icetexane‐type diterpenoid was proposed. Taxamairin I (1), at a concentration of 100 μM, did not show cytotoxicity against Hep3B human liver cancer cell lines.
Comparative Study on Volatile Oils among Bupleuri radix Species and Habitats: Yields, Chemical Characterization and Antipyretic Activities
Authors: Chen Ruoqiao , Wang Xiaoshuang , Xu Hongting , Zhao Ruizhi , Hu Qiaohong
Published: November 2022

Volatile oils from several Bupleuri radix (BR) are reported as potential sources of drugs. To provide evidence for the application of BR, the volatile oils from 19 batches of different species and habitats of BR including Bupleurum chinese DC. (BCD), Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (BSW), Bupleurum bicaule Helm (BBH), Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (Wolff) Shan et Y.Li (BMS), Bupleurum marginatum Wall.ex DC. (BMW) and Bupleurum falcatum L. (BFL) were investigated. The composition of BR volatile oils was determined by GC/MS. Samples were clustered by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Fever was induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and antipyretic activities of BR volatile oils were evaluated with Chaihu injection (CI) as the positive control. The yields of volatile oils were among 360–5320 ppm. A total of 229 components were identified by GC/MS. Samples could be divided into 4 clusters by HCA. 4 representative samples, one for each cluster, were selected to further compare their antipyretic activities. For the highest content of volatile oil (5320 ppm) and the best activity, BSW has great potential for utilization.
Binding Properties of Photosynthetic Herbicides: Photosynthetic Activity and Molecular Docking Approach towards 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Derivatives
Authors: Soares Luís T. X. M. G. , Basso Marcelo A. F. , dos Santos Clarice M. R. , Ali Akbar , Vasconcelos Leonardo G. , Dall'Oglio Evandro L. , Sampaio Olívia M. , Vieira Lucas C. C.
Published: November 2022

In the current work, we describe the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridine (1,4‐DHP) derivatives via Hantzsch multicomponent reaction and their evaluation as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors through chlorophyll a fluorescence bioassay. Among all the compounds tested, 1,1′‐(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐diyl)bis(ethan‐1‐one) (4b) showed best results, reducing the parameters performance index on absorption basis (PIabs) and electron transport per reaction center by 61 % and 49 %, respectively, as compared to the control. These results indicate the inhibitory activity of PSII over the electron transport chain. Additionally, a molecular docking approach using the protein D1 (PDB code 4V82) was performed in order to assess the structure‐activity relationship among the 1,4‐DHP derivatives over the PSII, which revealed that both, size of the group at position 4 and the carbonyl groups at the dihydropyridine ring are important for the ligand's interaction, particularly for the hydrogen‐bonding interaction with the residues His215, Ser264, and Phe265. Thus, the optimization of these molecular features is the aim of our research group to extend the knowledge of PSII electron chain inhibitors and the establishment of new potent bioactive molecular scaffolds.
Beneficial Effect of β‐Cyclodextrin Assisted Synthesis of CuO/Hydroxyapatite Catalyst in Toluene Oxidation
Authors: Ibrahim Maya , Labaki Madona , Ponchel Anne , Giraudon Jean‐Marc , Gardoll Olivier , Lamonier Jean‐François
Published: November 2022

Two hydroxyapatite supported CuO (10 wt% Cu) catalysts were prepared using the wet impregnation method via the conventional process and with the addition of native β‐cyclodextrin using Cu(NO3)2.3H2O as copper precursor and adopting a ratio of β‐cyclodextrin to copper of 0.1. After the impregnation step, the materials were dried at 80 °C and calcined in flowing dry air at 400 °C. The copper supported materials were characterized in the dried state and after calcination by means of conventional methods including X‐ray diffraction, TG‐MS, H2‐TPR‐MS, Raman spectroscopy, UV‐vis‐DR, ToF‐SIMS and XPS. It was found that β‐cyclodextrin hasd a profound impact on the final properties of the catalysts, both in terms of reducibility and dispersion of active species. It is suggested that at the early stages of the calcination, some hydroxyl groups of the β‐CD units in close contact with Ca2+ of hydroxyapatite could play the role of spacers between the copper‐based entities thus minimizing the aggregation process of the CuO nanoparticles. Finally, these copper oxide catalysts prepared from β‐cyclodextrin were able to oxidize toluene more efficiently than the conventional catalyst. The copper oxide particles generated by the thermal decomposition of Cu2(OH)3(NO3) were smaller than those formed with copper nitrate alone and exhibited a higher reducibility, two key determinants for VOC total oxidation on transition metal oxides.
Stereodirecting Effects of 4‐O‐ortho‐cyanobenzyl Ether on Chemical Glycosylation with Glucopyranosyl Donor
Authors: Zhang Han , Guo Aoxin , Meng Youhui , Wang Yue , Gao Jian , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Here we report a systematic investigation on the stereodirecting effects of a 4‐O‐ortho‐cyanobenzyl ether (oBCN) group with a glucopyranosyl donor. Experimental studies revealed that the glycosylation reactions using this donor generally show dual‐stereoselectivities depending on the acceptor nucleophilicity, that is, glycosylation of weak nucleophile acceptors generally affords α‐glycosides specifically while glycosylation of strong nucleophile acceptors affords β‐glycosides preferentially. DFT computations suggested that strong nucleophiles preferentially attack the predominant covalent α‐glycosyl triflate intermediate in an SN2‐like manner, while weak nucleophiles preferentially attack the less stable and more reactive β‐glycosyl triflate with H‐bond mediated direction. The first and facile synthesis of a hexasaccharide repeating unit of serotype IV group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide demonstrated the versatile utility of glucosyl building blocks with an oBCN functionality in carbohydrate chemistry.
Association of genetic variants and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in rural Appalachia
Authors: Shultz Carl , Gates Christopher , Petros William , Ross Kelly , Veltri Laruen , Craig Michael , Wen Sijin , Primerano Donald A. , Hazlehurst Lori , Denvir James , Sdrimas Konstantinos
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous population health studies examining adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however many of these, such as the Cancer Genome Atlas, are derived from databases collected by large urban centers. Due to its unique industry and environmental exposures, we hypothesized the West Virginia Appalachian population may have different mutational trends and clinical outcomes.

Aims

To address the concern of under‐representation of rural minorities in cancer genomic databases, we performed exploratory whole exome sequencing in patients with newly diagnosed AML in rural Appalachia.

Methods & Results

Correlations between genetic variants and clinical outcome variables were examined via retrospective chart review. A total of 26 patients were identified and whole exome sequencing was performed. Median age was 68 years old. Twenty‐one patients had de novo AML (84%). As per European LeukemiaNet (ELN) criteria, 8 patients were favorable (32%), 12 were intermediate (48%), and 5 were adverse risk (20%). Eight patients proceeded to transplant. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 16.5 months and 26.6 months, respectively. We noted an increased tumor mutation burden and a higher frequency of specific known driver mutations when compared to The Cancer Genome Atlas database; we also found novel mutations in MUC3A, MUC5AC, HCAR3, ORT2B, and PABPC. Survival outcomes were slightly lower than national average and BCOR mutation correlated with inferior outcomes.

Conclusion

Our findings provide novel insight into detrimental mutations in AML in a rural, underrepresented population. We discovered several novel mutations and higher frequency of some known driver mutations, which will help us identify therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
Smart dual battery management system for expanding lifespan of wireless sensor node
Authors: Bathre Mukesh , Das Pradipta Kumar
Published: November 2022

Wireless sensor nodes have huge energy demand for their operations; they are deployed in remote locations for various applications like weather, industrial, satellite, construction, banking, and medical. Sensor nodes require continuous or uninterrupted power supply during their life cycles. When the available renewable power sources are not sufficient to run the system, the batteries are required to deliver a continuous and uninterrupted power supply. The main focus of proposed model is to design and develop a smart dual battery management system along with a hybrid energy harvesting model that can provide reliable and efficient power support to the sensor node. The problem under consideration also focuses on reducing the state of health degradation of batteries by applying a smart battery charging methodology using an ANFIS (adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system) controller. The proposed power management system ensures and meets the expected objectives such as switching of power sources, smart battery charging methodology (constant current and constant voltage [CC‐CV]), and dual battery power support using ANFIS controller. The result was obtained through the simulation and hardware prototype of the proposed system work flawlessly to meet the desired objective with partial charging and discharging of batteries for the prevention of battery degradation and also enhance the lifespan of the batteries.