bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação profissional técnica e tecnológica no IFPR: a educação especial em questão
Authors: Vernaschi de Oliveira Lucilia , Raimundo Yaegashi Solange Franci , Fafarão Ruiz Nathália
Published: November 2021

A educação especial é uma modalidade de ensino para estudantes com deficiência, Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e com altas habilidades e superdotação, matriculados nas diferentes etapas e níveis de ensino. Traçamos o objetivo de analisar ações institucionais de educação especial no Instituto Federal de Educação (IFPR) nos cursos profissionais técnicos e tecnológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza documental e bibliográfica. Inicialmente, apresentamos de forma geral a educação especial como modalidade de ensino que busca se efetivar por meio de dispositivos legais e de pressupostos teórico-metodológicos, a partir de temáticas específicas que tratam de recursos e serviços de acessibilidade no atendimento às especificidades do seu público. Na sequência, elencamos alguns dos principais documentos do IFPR que dispõem sobre a inclusão escolar, com ênfase nos direitos das pessoas que são público da educação especial. Para se compreender o que dizem as pesquisas stricto sensu acerca de investigações realizadas em diferentes campi do IFPR, realizamos busca no catálogo de teses e dissertações da Capes, e analisamos cinco trabalhos, sendo uma tese e quatro dissertações. De forma geral, os resultados apontam que a educação especial é bem amparada legalmente em nosso país, no entanto, no IFPR as práticas inclusivas se encontram em processo lento. Atualmente, dos vinte e cinco campi, apenas sete deles contam com professor de educação especial, mas nem todos têm sala de recursos multifuncional constituída, que é uma exigência preconizada pela Resolução 4/2009, ao instituir diretrizes operacionais para o atendimento educacional especializado (AEE) na educação básica.
O consumismo como fator preponderante para o aumento da geração de residuos sólidos e os impactos ambientais e na saúde pública
Authors: Martins Joana D’Arc Dias , Ribeiro Maria De Fátima
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo aborda a problemática ambiental da produção e geração de resíduos sólidos no Brasil, principalmente ligados ao excesso de consumo. A inadequada gestão desses resíduos acarreta impactos imediatos no ambiente e na saúde, além de contribuir para mudanças climáticas. Considerando as limitações das opções de destinação final para os resíduos, imprescindível minimizar as quantidades produzidas por meio da redução, reutilização e reciclagem. Diante da institucionalização da PNRS, e em consonância com a Agenda 2030, principalmente o “ODS 12”, busca-se contribuir para esse debate, bem como apontar caminhos para o enfrentamento dessa grave questão, privilegiando a inclusão social dos catadores, responsáveis por realizar um trabalho de grande importância ambiental. Nesse estudo será utilizado o método dedutivo, além da pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa.
Czech-French political contacts in the early 1870s
Authors: Ksenofontov Igor Alekseevich
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the political relations that developed between the Czech national politicians of Bohemia and the French diplomatic mission in Austria-Hungary in the early 1870s. Analysis is conducted on the initial stage of Czech political Francophilism. The article employs the historical-genetic method that allows tracing the establishment and development of the indicated ties. Comparative-historical method is used for describing the specificity and important aspects of the Czech-French contacts of the early 1870s in relation to 1860s, as well as on the background of parallel Czech-Russian relations. The novelty is defined by the fact that this topic, namely the Czech political Francophilism, has not been previously covered within the Russian historiography. The main conclusion lies in the thesis that in the early 1870s Czech politicians and French diplomats manifested equal and mutual interest for the first time. Both parties pursued to exert pressure on Vienna: the French – to entice over the Third Republic in the conflict with Prussia, and the Czechs – to force change the status of the Czech lands in the monarchy. The analysis demonstrates that the Czech politicians were exceedingly pragmatic: if in the end of 1870 they openly supported France, then in the beginning of 1871 they have ignored the initiatives of French diplomats. This is substantiated by the potentially successful negotiations with the imperial center. Moreover, the political Francophilism suggested the desire of the Czechs to show the strategic (economic, political, and cultural) significance of the lands of the Czech Crown not only in Austria-Hungary, but also in the European space.
Strong confinement of active microalgae leads to inversion of vortex flow and enhanced mixing
Authors: Mondal Debasmita , Prabhune Ameya G , Ramaswamy Sriram , Sharma Prerna
Published: November 2021

Microorganisms swimming through viscous fluids imprint their propulsion mechanisms in the flow fields they generate. Extreme confinement of these swimmers between rigid boundaries often arises in natural and technological contexts, yet measurements of their mechanics in this regime are absent. Here, we show that strongly confining the microalga Chlamydomonas between two parallel plates not only inhibits its motility through contact friction with the walls but also leads, for purely mechanical reasons, to inversion of the surrounding vortex flows. Insights from the experiment lead to a simplified theoretical description of flow fields based on a quasi-2D Brinkman approximation to the Stokes equation rather than the usual method of images. We argue that this vortex flow inversion provides the advantage of enhanced fluid mixing despite higher friction. Overall, our results offer a comprehensive framework for analyzing the collective flows of strongly confined swimmers.
Convergent, functionally independent signaling by mu and delta opioid receptors in hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons
Authors: He Xinyi Jenny , Patel Janki , Weiss Connor E , Ma Xiang , Bloodgood Brenda L , Banghart Matthew R
Published: November 2021

Functional interactions between G protein-coupled receptors are poised to enhance neuronal sensitivity to neuromodulators and therapeutic drugs. Mu and delta opioid receptors (MORs and DORs) can interact when overexpressed in the same cells, but whether co-expression of endogenous MORs and DORs in neurons leads to functional interactions is unclear. Here, in mice, we show that both MORs and DORs inhibit parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (PV-BCs) in hippocampal CA1 through partially occlusive signaling pathways that terminate on somato-dendritic potassium channels and presynaptic calcium channels. Using photoactivatable opioid neuropeptides, we find that DORs dominate the response to enkephalin in terms of both ligand sensitivity and kinetics, which may be due to relatively low expression levels of MOR. Opioid-activated potassium channels do not show heterologous desensitization, indicating that MORs and DORs signal independently. In a direct test for heteromeric functional interactions, the DOR antagonist TIPP-Psi does not alter the kinetics or potency of either the potassium channel or synaptic responses to photorelease of the MOR agonist [d-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO). Thus, aside from largely redundant and convergent signaling, MORs and DORs do not functionally interact in PV-BCs in a way that impacts somato-dendritic potassium currents or synaptic transmission. These findings imply that cross-talk between MORs and DORs, either in the form of physical interactions or synergistic intracellular signaling, is not a preordained outcome of co-expression in neurons.
Dysfunctions of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus induce hypersomnia in mice
Authors: Chen Chang-Rui , Zhong Yu-Heng , Jiang Shan , Xu Wei , Xiao Lei , Wang Zan , Qu Wei-Min , Huang Zhi-Li
Published: November 2021

Hypersomnolence disorder (HD) is characterized by excessive sleep, which is a common sequela following stroke, infection, or tumorigenesis. HD is traditionally thought to be associated with lesions of wake-promoting nuclei. However, lesions of a single wake-promoting nucleus, or even two simultaneously, did not exert serious HD. Therefore, the specific nucleus and neural circuitry for HD remain unknown. Here, we observed that the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) exhibited higher c-fos expression during the active period (23:00) than during the inactive period (11:00) in mice. Therefore, we speculated that the PVH, in which most neurons are glutamatergic, may represent one of the key arousal-controlling centers. By using vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vglut2Cre) mice together with fiber photometry, multichannel electrophysiological recordings, and genetic approaches, we found that PVHvglut2 neurons were most active during wakefulness. Chemogenetic activation of PVHvglut2 neurons induced wakefulness for 9 hr, and photostimulation of PVHvglut2→parabrachial complex/ventral lateral septum circuits immediately drove transitions from sleep to wakefulness. Moreover, lesioning or chemogenetic inhibition of PVHvglut2 neurons dramatically decreased wakefulness. These results indicate that the PVH is critical for arousal promotion and maintenance.
Arginine-vasopressin mediates counter-regulatory glucagon release and is diminished in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kim Angela , Knudsen Jakob G , Madara Joseph C , Benrick Anna , Hill Thomas G , Abdul Kadir Lina , Kellard Joely A , Mellander Lisa , Miranda Caroline , Lin Haopeng , James Timothy , Suba Kinga , Spigelman Aliya F , Wu Yanling , MacDonald Patrick E , Wernstedt Asterholm Ingrid , Magnussen Tore , Christensen Mikkel , Vilsbøll Tina , Salem Victoria , Knop Filip K , Rorsman Patrik , Lowell Bradford B , Briant Linford JB
Published: November 2021

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia is a major treatment barrier in type-1 diabetes (T1D). Accordingly, it is important that we understand the mechanisms regulating the circulating levels of glucagon. Varying glucose over the range of concentrations that occur physiologically between the fed and fuel-deprived states (8 to 4 mM) has no significant effect on glucagon secretion in the perfused mouse pancreas or in isolated mouse islets (in vitro), and yet associates with dramatic increases in plasma glucagon. The identity of the systemic factor(s) that elevates circulating glucagon remains unknown. Here, we show that arginine-vasopressin (AVP), secreted from the posterior pituitary, stimulates glucagon secretion. Alpha-cells express high levels of the vasopressin 1b receptor (V1bR) gene (Avpr1b). Activation of AVP neurons in vivo increased circulating copeptin (the C-terminal segment of the AVP precursor peptide) and increased blood glucose; effects blocked by pharmacological antagonism of either the glucagon receptor or V1bR. AVP also mediates the stimulatory effects of hypoglycemia produced by exogenous insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose on glucagon secretion. We show that the A1/C1 neurons of the medulla oblongata drive AVP neuron activation in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AVP injection increased cytoplasmic Ca2+in alpha-cells (implanted into the anterior chamber of the eye) and glucagon release. Hypoglycemia also increases circulating levels of AVP/copeptin in humans and this hormone stimulates glucagon secretion from human islets. In patients with T1D, hypoglycemia failed to increase both copeptin and glucagon. These findings suggest that AVP is a physiological systemic regulator of glucagon secretion and that this mechanism becomes impaired in T1D.
Childhood parasitic infections and gastrointestinal illness in indigenous communities at Lake Atitlán, Guatemala
Authors: Roegner Amber , Orozco Mónica N. , Jarquin Claudia , Boegel William , Secaira Clara , Caballeros Marlin E. , Al-Saleh Lujain , Rejmánková Eliška
Published: November 2021

Lake Atitlán has experienced a decline in water quality resulting from cultural eutrophication. Indigenous Mayans who already face disproportionate health challenges rely directly on the lake water. Our objectives were to: (1) estimate prevalence of shedding of water-borne fecal parasites among children 5 years of age and younger, (2) assess household-reported incidence of gastrointestinal illness in children, and (3) characterize water sources, treatment, and sanitation conditions in households. We hypothesized that household use of untreated lake water results in increased risk of shedding of parasites and gastrointestinal symptoms. A cross-sectional fecal sampling and physical exam of 401 children were conducted along with WASH surveys in partnership with healthcare providers in seven communities. Fecal samples were screened for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, using a rapid ELISA, with a portion examined by microscope. The prevalence of parasite shedding was 12.2% (9.7% for Giardia; 2.5% for Cryptosporidium). Risk factors for Giardia shedding included age 3 years or older (3.4 odds ratio, z-stat = 2.781 p = 0.0054), low height-for-age z-score (2.3 odds ratio, z-stat = 2.225, p = 0.0216), lack of any household water treatment (2.5 odds ratio, z-stat = 2.492, p < 0.0012), and open access to household latrine (2.04 odds ratio, z-stat = 1.992, p = 0.0464). The majority (77.3%) of households reported water treatment, boiling and gravity fed filters as the most widespread practices. The vast majority of households (92%) reported usage of a latrine, while 40% reported open and shared access beyond their household. An overwhelming majority of households reported diarrhea and fever several times per year or greater, with approximately half reporting vomiting at that frequency. Lake water use was identified as a risk factor for households reporting frequent gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio of 2.5, 4.4, and 2.6; z-stat of 3.10, 3.65, and 3.0; p-values of 0.0021, 0.0003, and 0.0028, for diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, respectively) in children 5 years of age and younger. The frequency of gastrointestinal illness with a strong link to lake drinking water cannot be explained by the prevalence of protozoa, and risk from other enteropathogens must be explored. Improving access to water treatment and sanitation practices could substantially reduce the parasite burden faced by developing children in the region.
Fibroblast‐mediated intercellular crosstalk in the healthy and diseased heart
Authors: Nicin Luka , Wagner Julian U. G. , Luxán Guillermo , Dimmeler Stefanie
Published: November 2021

Cardiac fibroblasts constitute a major cell population in the heart. They secrete extracellular matrix components and various other factors shaping the microenvironment of the heart. In silico analysis of intercellular communication based on single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed that fibroblasts are the source of the majority of outgoing signals to other cell types. This observation suggests that fibroblasts play key roles in orchestrating cellular interactions that maintain organ homeostasis but that can also contribute to disease states. Here, we will review the current knowledge of fibroblast interactions in the healthy, diseased, and aging heart. We focus on the interactions that fibroblasts establish with other cells of the heart, specifically cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and immune cells, and particularly those relying on paracrine, electrical, and exosomal communication modes.
Doping‐Modulated Strain Enhancing the Phosphate Tolerance on PtFe Alloys for High‐Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Dongdong , Liu Tianyang , Tao Li , Zhang Yagang , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Du Shiqian , Dong Chung‐Li , Kong Zhijie , Li Ya‐fei , Lu Shanfu , Wang Shuangyin
Published: November 2021

In high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs), the poisoning of Pt by phosphoric species severely affects the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction, which restricts their commercialized application. Herein, for the first time, the phosphate tolerance of PtFe ordered intermetallic alloys is enhanced by a doping‐modulated strain strategy via employing a low amount of Cu as a dopant to boost HT‐PEMFCs. This Cu doping facilitates the formation of compressive strain in PtFe crystals, consequently altering the electronic structure of electrocatalysts and then benefiting for weakening the adsorption energy between phosphoric acid and Pt surfaces. In addition, the high temperature phosphate adsorption tests also reveal that the dopant of Cu in Pt based electrocatalysts can improve the tolerance of phosphoric acid. The HT‐PEMFCs assembled by those cathodic electrocatalysts with the low‐Pt loading of 0.5 mgPt cm−2 achieve a preeminent peak power of 793.5 and 432.6 mW cm−2 under the condition of H2–O2 and H2–air atmosphere, respectively, or nearly 1.53 and 1.34 times higher as compared with commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. Moreover, those electrocatalysts also exhibit robust stability under harsh condition in H2–O2 atmosphere with negligible activity loss for at least 100 h, exceeding most of other reported ORR electrocatalysts.
Colorful Transparent Silicon Photovoltaics with Unprecedented Flexibility
Authors: Kang Sung Bum , Salimzhanov Baurzhan , Park Won Jin , Jeong Myeong Hoon , Kim Ju‐Young , Choi Kyoung Jin
Published: November 2021

Integrated photovoltaics are regarded as next‐generation photovoltaic technologies that can generate electricity in urban areas with limited available land while also serving as aesthetic architectural elements. The criteria for integrating photovoltaics into buildings and electronic devices are flexibility, color tunability, efficiency, scalability, and stability. It is very challenging for integrated photovoltaics to demonstrate all‐around performance benefits because photovoltaic performances exist in a trade‐off relation, such as that between transparency and efficiency. Here, great all‐around transparent solar cells (TSC) featuring high flexibility and high transparency with color‐tunable solar cells are demonstrated. The TSCs exhibit an efficiency of 7.38% and 5.52% at the average visible transparencies of 45% and 60%, respectively. Moreover, by introducing a periodic hole array structure, the flexibility of TSCs is dramatically improved. The minimum bending radius decreases to 6 mm; it further decreases to 3 mm after PDMS embedding. The results of the numerical simulation show that the periodic hole array structure uniformly distributes the stress across the entire area as a self‐stress relief structure. The PDMS‐embedded TSCs demonstrate unprecedently high flexibility and long‐term stability without significant degradation even after cyclic bending deformations up to 1000 cycles and 1500 h of the standard damp heat test.
On the Optoelectronic Mechanisms Ruling Ti‐hyperdoped Si Photodiodes
Authors: García‐Hemme Eric , Caudevilla Daniel , Algaidy Sari , Pérez‐Zenteno Francisco , García‐Hernansanz Rodrigo , Olea Javier , Pastor David , del Prado Álvaro , San Andrés Enrique , Mártil Ignacio , González‐Díaz Germán
Published: November 2021

This work deepens the understanding of the optoelectronic mechanisms ruling hyperdoped‐based photodevices and shows the potential of Ti hyperdoped‐Si as a fully complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor compatible material for room‐temperature infrared photodetection technologies. By the combination of ion implantation and laser‐based methods, ≈20 nm thin hyperdoped single‐crystal Si layers with a Ti concentration as high as 1020 cm−3 are obtained. The Ti hyperdoped Si/p‐Si photodiode shows a room temperature rectification factor at ±1 V of 509. Analysis of the temperature‐dependent current–voltage characteristics shows that the transport is dominated by two mechanisms: a tunnel mechanism at low bias and a recombination process in the space charge region at high bias. A room‐temperature sub‐bandgap external quantum efficiency (EQE) extending to 2.5 µm wavelength is obtained. Temperature‐dependent spectral photoresponse behavior reveals an increase of the EQE as the temperature decreases, showing a low‐energy photoresponse edge at 0.45 eV and a high‐energy photoresponse edge at 0.67 eV. Temperature behavior of the open‐circuit voltage correlates with the high‐energy photoresponse edge. A model is proposed to relate the optoelectronic mechanisms to sub‐bandgap optical transitions involving an impurity band. This model is supported by numerical semiconductor device simulations using the SCAPS software.
Water‐in‐Polymer Salt Electrolyte for Slow Self‐Discharge in Organic Batteries
Authors: Khan Ziyauddin , Ail Ujwala , Nadia Ajjan Fatima , Phopase Jaywant , Ullah Khan Zia , Kim Nara , Nilsson Jakob , Inganäs Olle , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier
Published: November 2021

In electrochemical energy storage devices (ESDs), organic electrolytes are typically used for wide operational potential window, yet they suffer with cost, environmental, flammability issues, and low ionic conductivity when compared with water‐based electrolytes. Hence, for large‐scale applications that require high power and safety, presently there is no true solution. Though water‐based electrolytes have higher ionic conductivities, and are cost‐effective and nonflammable, their high self‐discharge rate with organic/carbon‐based electrodes impedes their commercialization. It is found out that highly concentrated polymer electrolytes on the concept of “water‐in‐salt electrolyte” lead to extremely low leakage current within the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water, thus solving the issue of self‐discharge in organic/carbon‐based ESDs. Herein, potassium polyacrylate (PAAK) is prepared as “water‐in‐polymer salt electrolyte” (WIPSE) and tested for one of most abundant wood‐based biopolymer lignin and polyimide as positive and negative electrodes, respectively, in both half‐cell and full‐cell. The device shows an open‐circuit voltage drops <0.45 V in 100 h setting a record for organic batteries using aqueous electrolyte. The high ionic conductivity (40–120 mS cm−1) nonflammability of PAAK with high ESW (3.1 V) opens a new direction for truly safe, sustainable, and high power (6.8 kW kg−1) organic ESD manufactured by printing technologies.
Progress in Metafibers for Sustainable Radiative Cooling and Prospects of Achieving Thermally Drawn Metafibers
Authors: Qi Miao , Wu Tingting , Wang Zhe , Wang Zhixun , He Bing , Zhang Haozhe , Liu Yanting , Xin Jiwu , Zhou Tianzhu , Zhou Xuhui , Wei Lei
Published: November 2021

The growing awareness of the energy crisis and global warming has inspired researchers to pursue alternative cooling strategies. Radiative cooling is an environmentally friendly approach that dissipates excessive heat through the atmospheric long‐wave infrared transmission window (8–13 μm) to the cold universe. Metamaterials with unique photonic structures are applicable to radiative cooling and have been extensively studied. Incorporating meta‐elements to the fiber level of the fabric to construct metafibers is expected to achieve personal thermal management through radiative cooling. Compared with the conventional fiber manufacturing methods, the thermal drawing technique can mass‐produce multimaterial and multifunctional fibers with well‐defined structures. These in‐fiber micro‐ and nanostructures of light wavelength scale possess great potentials in radiative cooling applications, providing bright prospects for a new generation of metafiber‐based smart fabrics. Herein, the fundamental principles of radiative cooling and the metamaterials being used for radiative cooling are summarized. The textiles used for personal cooling and their preparation methods are also introduced. Finally, the article focuses on the preparation of micro‐ and nanostructures by the thermal drawing technique, which provides a potential solution for the large‐scale manufacture of metafibers for sustainable radiative cooling.
A severe case of Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome with a novel description of coloboma and septo‐optic dysplasia, owing to a start codon variant in the NR2F1 gene
Authors: Gazdagh Gabriella , Mawby Rebecca , Self Jay E. , Baralle Diana ,   Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study
Published: November 2021

Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by a range of phenotypes including optic atrophy and intellectual disability among other features. Pathogenic variants in the NR2F1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1) gene have been linked to this condition. A recent report has shown that pathogenic variants in the start codon lead to decreased expression of the NR2F1 protein and a relatively mild phenotype, similar to that seen in whole gene deletions, and due to the lack of the dominant negative effect. Here we describe a severe case of BBSOAS with an initiation codon missense variant. The developmental delay, seizures, optic atrophy are in keeping with features observed in this condition, however this is the first report to describe colobomas and septo‐optic dysplasia as associated features potentially extending the phenotype linked to BBSOAS. In addition, this is the first description of a severe phenotype linked to a de novo missense variant in the start codon of the NR2F1 gene.
Plasma amyloid beta, neurofilament light chain, and total tau in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)
Authors: Pajewski Nicholas M. , Elahi Fanny M. , Tamura Manjula Kurella , Hinman Jason D. , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Ix Joachim H. , Miller Lindsay M. , Launer Lenore J. , Wright Clinton B. , Supiano Mark A. , Lerner Alan J. , Sudduth Tiffany L. , Killeen Anthony A. , Cheung Alfred K. , Reboussin David M. , Wilcock Donna M. , Williamson Jeff D.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Lowering blood pressure (BP) reduces the risk for cognitive impairment and the progression of cerebral white matter lesions. It is unclear whether hypertension control also influences plasma biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease and non‐disease‐specific neurodegeneration.

Methods

We examined the effect of intensive (< 120 mm Hg) versus standard (< 140 mm Hg) BP control on longitudinal changes in plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)40 and Aβ42, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in a subgroup of participants from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (N = 517).

Results

Over 3.8 years, there were no significant between‐group differences for Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, or total tau. Intensive treatment was associated with larger increases in NfL compared to standard treatment. Adjusting for kidney function, but not BP, attenuated the association between intensive treatment and NfL.

Discussion

Intensive BP treatment was associated with changes in NfL, which were correlated with changes in kidney function associated with intensive treatment.

Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01206062
A short review on fused deposition modeling 3D printing of bio‐based polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Mandala Radhika , Bannoth Anjaneya Prasad , Akella Suresh , Rangari Vijaya K. , Kodali Deepa
Published: November 2021

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one among the most commonly used additive manufacturing (AM), techniques has been widely used in recent years to produce customized parts with intricate geometries, especially from thermoplastics. This method was limited in its ability to produce parts for industrial applications due to inferior properties and the poor quality of fabricated parts. Hence, researchers are being driven to discover novel materials that are viable for FDM in order to keep up with enormous demand for functional products. In the recent years, it is widely recognized that the emphasis was placed on the bio‐based polymer composite matrices rather than conventional thermoplastics due to its vital advantages that aid in the replacement of synthetic and perilous materials. On this context, this review focuses on the recent advancements in FDM printing with biomaterials. Specifically, attempts have been made to investigate and provide nutshell of 3D printing of current bio‐based nanocomposites which consist of either bio‐derived filler or polymer matrices in order to make 3D printing sustainable. The effect of fillers on the filaments and FDM based products, evolution of novel characteristics of bio nanocomposites, the printability of the developed composites and their development in leading applications were also investigated and summarized.
Development, characterization, and antioxidant evaluation of corn starch‐based composite films containing tea polyphenols
Authors: Yu Xietian , Lin Li , Mei Liping , Sun Chengyi , Zhu Zhijie , Du Xianfeng , Chen Peirong
Published: November 2021

Corn starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films containing different concentrations of tea polyphenols (TP) were fabricated by casting. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images showed that when the TP content was less than 8%, the films were relatively uniform, but with increasing TP concentration, the films became rougher and uneven. Fourier transform infrared, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and X‐ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the interactions between TP, starch, and PVA. The incorporation of TP deepened the color and increased the opacity and solubility of the films. The tensile strength and elongation at break first increased and then decreased with increasing TP content. Furthermore, the addition of TP increased the antioxidant activity of the films, specifically, their ability to scavenge 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylberizothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid). The addition of TP can effectively enhance the performance of starch composite films and their potential for application in antioxidant food packaging.
Imino‐2H‐Chromene Based Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Alzheimer's Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and in Silico Study
Authors: Attarroshan Mahshid , Firuzi Omidreza , Iraji Aida , Sharifi Shahrzad , Tavakkoli Marjan , Vesal Mahmmod , Khoshneviszadeh Mahsima , Pirhadi Somayeh , Edraki Najmeh
Published: November 2021

A new series of imino‐2H‐chromene derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized as novel multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. A set of phenylimino‐2H‐chromenes as well as the newly synthesized iminochromene derivatives were evaluated as BACE1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. The results indicated that among the iminochromene set, 10c bearing fluorobenzyl moiety was the most potent BACE1 inhibitor with an IC50 value 6.31 μM. In vitro anti‐cholinergic activities demonstrated that compound 10a bearing benzyl pendant was the best inhibitor of AChE (% inhibition at 30 μM=24.4) and BuChE (IC50=3.3 μM). Kinetic analysis of compound 10a against BuChE was also performed and showed a mixed‐type inhibition pattern. The neuroprotective assessment revealed that compound 11b, a phenylimino‐2H‐chromene derivative with hydroxyethyl moiety, provided 32.3 % protection at 25 μM against Aβ‐induced PC12 neuronal cell damage. In addition, docking and simulation studies of the most potent compounds against BACE1 and BuChE confirmed the experimental results.
XAS and EPR in Situ Observation of Ru(V) Oxo Intermediate in a Ru Water Oxidation Complex**
Authors: Levin Natalia , Casadevall Carla , Cutsail George E. , Lloret‐Fillol Julio , DeBeer Serena , Rüdiger Olaf
Published: November 2021

In this study, we combine in situ spectroelectrochemistry coupled with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS) to investigate a molecular Ru‐based water oxidation catalyst bearing a polypyridinic backbone [RuII(OH2)(Py2Metacn)]2+. Although high valent key intermediate species arising in catalytic cycles of this family of compounds have remain elusive due to the lack of additional anionic ligands that could potentially stabilize them, mechanistic studies performed on this system proposed a water nucleophilic attack (WNA) mechanism for the O−O bond formation. Employing in situ experimental conditions and complementary spectroscopic techniques allowed to observe intermediates that provide support for a WNA mechanism, including for the first time a Ru(V) oxo intermediate based on the Py2Metacn ligand, in agreement with the previously proposed mechanism.
The discussion of the relationship between lighting and music in a lighting show
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Yue , Jin Yan , Ju Jiaqi
Published: November 2021

An experiment based on physiological parameters and subjective emotional changes is designed to analyze the sound‐light fusion effects. The different effects caused by music in major and minor keys is studied. Three colorful lighting with main wavelength at 623, 537, 445 nm, respectively, as well as two white lighting with 3000 K CCT and 6000 K CCT are evaluated in the same process. Results show that the physiological response to music is stronger than that of the lighting stimulus. Music plays a major role in the sound‐light fusion environment, and the physiological perception under dual‐factor stimulation is stronger than that of single factor. Moreover, music and light interact with each other when they stimulate emotions at the same time. The superposition of two positively related factors can strengthen the effects on emotion. The studies may give suggestions to the designers when they design a lighting show with music or an immersive and interactive lighting project.
High‐Resolution Multi‐Isotope Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) Imaging Applications in Stem Cell Biology
Authors: McMahon G. , Lechene C.P.
Published: November 2021

Multi‐isotope imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS) allows the measurement of turnover of molecules within intracellular compartments with a spatial resolution down to 30 nm. We use molecules enriched in stable isotopes administered to animals by diet or injection, or to cells through the culture medium. The stable isotopes used are, in general, 15N, 13C, 18O, and 2H. For stem cell studies, we essentially use 15N‐thymidine, 13C‐thymidine, and 81Br from BrdU. This protocol describes the practical use of MIMS with specific reference to applications in stem cell research. This includes choice and administration of stable isotope label(s), sample preparation, best practice for high‐resolution imaging, secondary ion mass spectrometry using the Cameca NanoSIMS 50L, and methods for robust statistical analysis of label incorporation in regions of interest (ROI). © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Stable isotope labeling of DNA in cultured cells

Basic Protocol 2: Stable isotope labeling of DNA in animals

Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of Si chips, the general sample support for NanoSIMS analysis

Basic Protocol 4: Stable isotope analysis of DNA replication in single nuclei in a population of cells with NanoSIMS

Basic Protocol 5: Data reduction and processing
Intermediate wheatgrass seed size and moisture dynamics inform grain harvest timing
Authors: Heineck Garett C. , Schlautman Brandon , Law Eugene P. , Ryan Matthew R. , Zimbric Joseph W. , Picasso Valentin , Stoltenberg David E. , Sheaffer Craig C. , Jungers Jacob M.
Published: November 2021

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] is being domesticated as a perennial grain crop. Advanced grain‐type IWG populations display variability in key physiological parameters related to seed development, making it difficult to determine grain harvest timing. A quantitative literature review of cool‐season grasses informed the modeling of IWG field trial data. Results revealed that multiple species exhibited a consistent multiphase dry‐down pattern from anthesis to a stabilized moisture content, which often included a rapid dry‐down phase that presaged maximum seed dry matter and gave insight into the relationship between floret shatter and maximum seed yield. A field trial was conducted at three locations in which IWG spikes were repeatedly sampled postanthesis and divided into three fractions to measure physiological patterns over growing degree days (GDDs). Similar to literature review results, IWG demonstrated a rapid dry‐down phase that started when seed moisture content was between 44.7 and 52.8% and decreased at a rate of −0.12 to −0.20% GDD−1 during this phase. At all locations, florets began shattering before seeds reached maximum dry matter, which resulted in reduced floret site utilization. Seed from distal fractions reached 95% dry matter 135 GDDs earlier than seed from basal fractions, while basal seeds were 21% larger than distal seeds. Timing of maximized seed yield per spike ranged from 530 to 701 GDDs after mid‐anthesis provided a starting point for estimating optimum IWG seed harvest timing under high and low shattering conditions and also supports the importance of repeated measurement of seed moisture to pinpoint optimal harvest time.
Hybrid 17‐level inverters based on T‐type flying‐capacitor and switched‐capacitor
Authors: Chen Shaojun , Ye Yuanmao , Wang Xiaolin
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this work is to use fewer components to generate more output levels for power interfaces of low dc voltage sources such as fuel cells. First, two switched‐capacitor voltage lifters (SCVLs) with similar structure and same function are summarized. Each of them uses a single capacitor and has the advantage of identical voltage stress for all components. Then, the SCVLs are combined with a T‐type unit to develop two 17‐level inverters. The SCVLs is responsible for voltage boosting, while the T‐type unit uses two flying capacitors to increase the number of output levels. In addition to the use of three capacitors, the two 17‐level inverters employ 13 and 14 semiconductor switches respectively, and all components' voltage stresses do not exceed the dc input voltage. Simple structure, reduced capacitors' count, and low components' voltage stress are the main merits of the proposed inverters compared with other 17‐level inverters. Beyond theoretical analysis, both steady‐state and dynamic performances are verified experimentally, and the highest efficiency measured by the experiment is up to 97.8%.
From apolar gastrula to polarized larva: Embryonic development of a marine hydroid, Dynamena pumila
Authors: Vetrova Alexandra A. , Lebedeva Tatiana S. , Saidova Aleena A. , Kupaeva Daria M. , Kraus Yulia A. , Kremnyov Stanislav V.
Published: November 2021

Background

In almost all metazoans examined to this respect, the axial patterning system based on canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling operates throughout the course of development. In most metazoans, gastrulation is polar, and embryos develop morphological landmarks of axial polarity, such as blastopore under control/regulation from cWnt signaling. However, in many cnidarian species, gastrulation is morphologically apolar. The question remains whether сWnt signaling providing the establishment of a body axis controls morphogenetic processes involved in apolar gastrulation.

Results

In this study, we focused on the embryonic development of Dynamena pumila, a cnidarian species with apolar gastrulation. We thoroughly described cell behavior, proliferation, and ultrastructure and examined axial patterning in the embryos of this species. We revealed that the first signs of morphological polarity appear only after the end of gastrulation, while molecular prepatterning of the embryo does exist during gastrulation. We have shown experimentally that in D. pumila, the direction of the oral‐aboral axis is highly robust against perturbations in cWnt activity.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that morphogenetic processes are uncoupled from molecular axial patterning during gastrulation in D. pumila. Investigation of D. pumila might significantly expand our understanding of the ways in which morphological polarization and axial molecular patterning are linked in Metazoa.
A 2‐month post‐COVID‐19 follow‐up study on patients with dyspnea
Authors: Islam Md. Khairul , Hossain Mohammad Faisal , Molla Md. Maruf Ahmed , Sharif Md. Mohiuddin , Hasan Pratyay , Hossain Fahima Sharmin , Sikder Ayesha , Uddin Md Gias , Amin Md. Robed
Published: November 2021

Background and aims

Dyspnea is one of the most common symptoms associated with the COVID‐19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dyspnea, observe co‐variables, and find predictors of dyspnea after 2 months of recovery from COVID‐19.

Methods

A total of 377 patients were included in the study based on their responses and clinical findings during initial admission to the hospital with COVID‐19. After excluding five deceased patients, a total of 327 patients were interviewed through telephone using a 12‐point dyspnea scale and using relevant questions to gauge the patient clinically. Interviews were carried out by trained physicians, and responses were recorded and stored. All analyses were carried out using the statistical programming language R.

Results

Of the total 327 participants in the study, 34% had stated that they were suffering from respiratory symptoms even after 2 months of COVID‐19. The study demonstrated that patient oxygen saturation level SpO2 (P = .03), D‐dimer (P = .001), serum ferritin (P = .006), and the presence and severity of dyspnea are significantly correlated. In addition to that, patient smoking history (P = .012) and comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (P = .021) were found to be statistically significant among groups.

Conclusion

These findings of this study can be useful for predicting and managing long‐term complications of COVID‐19.
Fog computing based mechanism on traditional sports video content distribution
Authors: Luo Qiang
Published: November 2021

Aiming at the problem of traditional sports video content distribution and acceleration in mobile fog computing (MFC), considering the influence of limited storage space of MFC server on traditional sports video content cache, taking the delay of mobile users' access to sports video objects as the optimization objective, and according to the difference of users' interest in different video objects, an interest‐based traditional sports video content distribution acceleration strategy is proposed. According to the storage space of the MFC server, the interest of the mobile users in different sports video objects and the file size of the objects, the strategy selectively caches the objects on the MFC server, and updates the cached video objects on the MFC server in time, so as to meet the traditional sports video content needs of the mobile users to the maximum extent. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy has good convergence performance, and its cache hit rate is relatively stable and obviously better than the existing strategy; when the system is stable, compared with the existing strategy, this strategy can reduce the delay of obtaining video object data by 15%.
Photonic technique to study the effects of probiotics on chronic alcoholic brain cells by quantifying their molecular specific structural alterations via confocal imaging
Authors: Adhikari Prakash , Shukla Pradeep K. , Alharthi Fatemah , Rao Radhakrishna , Pradhan Prabhakar
Published: November 2021

Molecular specific photonics localization method, the inverse participation ratio (IPR) technique, is a powerful procedure to probe the nano‐ to submicron scales structural alterations in cells/tissues in their abnormalities due to chronic alcoholism using confocal imaging. Chronic alcoholism introduces abnormalities in brain cells/tissue at the nanoscale level that results in behavioural and psychological disorders which are not well understood. On the other hand, probiotics such asLactobacillus plantarumenhances brain functions in chronic alcoholism. Using the IPR technique, we probe the molecular specific spatial structural alterations in glial brain cells astrocytes and microglia, as well as in chromatins in the nuclei of cortex brain cells, with or without probiotic treatments in chronic alcoholism. The results show chronic alcoholism alone harms brain cells and the probiotic treatment in chronic alcoholism reverses alcoholic damage in the brain cells/tissues toward normalcy.
Fabrication and in vitro study of3Dnovel porous hydroxyapatite/polyether ether ketone surface nanocomposite
Authors: Almasi Davood , Lau Woei Jye , Rasaee Sajad , Abbasi Kaveh
Published: November 2021

The unique characteristics of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) including low elastic modulus, high mechanical strength, and biocompatibility have made it an attractive alternative for the metallic biomaterials. However, its bioinert property is always the main concern, which could lead to poor osseointegration and subsequent clinical failure of the implant. Changing the surface structure to porous structure and mixing it with bioactive hydroxyapatite (HA) are the common methods, which could be used to enhance the properties of the PEEK‐based implants. In this study, friction stir processing was utilized for the fabrication of porous HA/PEEK surface nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopic image of the nanocomposite surface showed nano‐scale roughness of the porous structure. Water contact angle test confirmed the increase in the wettability of the treated specimens. In vitro bioactivity test via simulated body fluid solution, initial cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation assay also confirmed the enhancement in bioactivity of the treated surface in comparison to the bare PEEK. This surface modification method requires no special equipment and would not damage the heat‐sensitive PEEK substrate due to the low temperature used during the fabrication process.
Weather whiplash: Trends in rapid temperature changes in a warming climate
Authors: Lee Cameron C.
Published: November 2021

Both research and media attention has shown an increasing interest in rapidly changing weather, colloquially termed “weather whiplash” events. This research examines the spatial and seasonal variability of trends in seasonally standardized short‐term temperature ranges across the globe. Trends are calculated for three different “range windows”: 7‐day ranges, 1‐day departure, and diurnal (24‐hr) temperature ranges. Results show that globally, over the 70‐year period of record 7‐ and 1‐day ranges are increasing substantially in all seasons, while diurnal trends are only changing (decreasing) significantly in boreal autumn. Since 1985, however, ranges at all three time windows have increased significantly. The most widespread changes are occurring as significant increases in these ranges in the Southern Ocean, Africa, and South America and in regions of coastal upwelling. Significant decreases in these ranges are noted mostly at the Arctic Ocean confluence with the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, especially in the Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Seas, and more recently, in northeastern Canada. Oceanic trends appear driven by changes in wind speeds, especially in the Southern Hemisphere where increasing open‐ocean winds are nearly ubiquitous. Trends in temperature variability over land are largely inverse of the long‐term changes in cloud cover. This research adds to a growing body of climate change literature examining temperature variability trends, and it represents the first examination of full 70‐year trends of many variables contained in the recently released ERA5 reanalysis.