bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le compagnon thérapeutique en crèche : un soutien individualisé pour l’enfant, un relais pour l’équipe
Authors: Guicher Sylvie
Published: October 2015

Comment faciliter une expérience positive en crèche pour les jeunes enfants en difficulté dans leur développement, sans trop alourdir le travail d’équipe de ces lieux collectifs ? L’accompagnement par un stagiaire en quatrième ou cinquième année de psychologie aide l’enfant à trouver une « base de sécurité » suffisante pour découvrir cet environnement si différent et se socialiser à son rythme. Le compagnon thérapeutique procure un accordage précieux aux fluctuations émotionnelles de l’enfant, au moment précis où il les vit. Grâce à la narration ou à des onomatopées variées, il facilite ainsi l’intégration de « moments présents » partagés. L’enfant, étayé dans un cadre déjà rythmé par des rituels sécurisants, organise peu à peu ses attentes et son intentionnalité.
A Survey on Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Toral-Cruz Homero , Hidoussi Faouzi , Boubiche Djallel Eddine , Barbosa Romeli , Voznak Miroslav , Lakhtaria Kamaljit I.
Published: October 2015

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become one of the most attractive research areas in many scientific fields for the last years. WSN consists of several sensor nodes that collect data in inaccessible areas and send them to the base station (BS) or sink. At the same time sensor networks have some special characteristics compared to traditional networks, which make it hard to deal with such kind of networks. The architecture of protocol stack used by the base station and sensor nodes, integrates power and routing awareness (i.e., energy-aware routing), integrates data with networking protocols (i.e., data aggregation), communicates power efficiently through the wireless medium, and promotes cooperative efforts of sensor nodes (i.e., task management plane).
Intrusion Detection and Tolerance in Next Generation Wireless Network
Authors: Ahirwar Deshraj , Shukla P. K. , Bhatele Kirti Raj , Shukla Prashant , Goyal Sachin
Published: October 2015

Organizations focuses IDPSes for respective purposes, e.g. identifying problems with security strategies, manually presented threats and deterring individuals from violating security policies. IDPSes have become a necessary technique to the security infrastructure of approximate each association. IDPSes typical record information interrelated to practical events, security administrators of essential observed events and construct write up. Many IDPSes can also respond to a detected threat by attempting to thwart it succeeding. These use several response techniques, which involve the IDPS restricting the attack, changing the security environment or the attack's content. Sensor node should diverge in size from a shoebox down to the small size, although functioning “motes” of genuine microscopic dimensions have to be formed. The cost of sensor nodes is variable, from a few to thousands of dollars, depend on the complexity of the sensor nodes. Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes represent in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy, memory, computational velocity and communications bandwidth. The arrangement of the WSNs alters itself from a star network to efficient multi-hop wireless mesh network. The proliferation technique between the hops of the network can be routing or flooding.
HTLS Conductors
Authors: Netake Abhilash , Katti P. K.
Published: October 2015

The power system has undergone multifold growth in its generation, transmission and distribution in past few decades. The types of conductors used for transmission system in India are ACSR / AAAC. These conductors have several constraints. The Ampacity of these conductors is less and hence they cannot be operated at high temperature also the losses in these type of conductors are more. To overcome the drawbacks of ACSR / AAAC conductors, this paper proposes a new approach of using High Tension Low Sag (HTLS) conductors, also a comparison is made between ACSR, AAAC and HTLS conductors on the basis of voltage drop and power loss for benefit evaluation of HTLS conductor over traditionally used conductors.
White Patch Detection in Brain MRI Image Using Evolutionary Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Mallick Pradeep Kumar , Mohanty Mihir Narayan , Kumar S. Saravana
Published: October 2015

Though image segmentation is a fundamental task in image analysis; it plays a vital role in the area of image processing. Its value increases in case of medical diagnostics through medical images like X-ray, PET, CT and MRI. In this paper, an attempt is taken to analyse a CT brain image. It has been segmented for a particular patch in the brain CT image that may be one of the tumours in the brain. The purpose of segmentation is to partition an image into meaningful regions with respect to a particular application. Image segmentation is a method of separating the image from the background, read the contents and isolating it.In this paper both the concept of clustering and thresholding technique with edge based segmentation methods like sobel, prewitt edge detectors is applied. Then the result is optimized using GA for efficient minimization of the objective function and for improved classification of clusters. Further the segmented result is passed through a Gaussian filter to obtain a smoothed image.
I Have a Story to Tell You
Authors: Celebi Serra Inci
Published: October 2015

The current study was conducted to learn the factors affecting students' satisfaction in distance learning (DL) and to understand students' perceptions of the barriers to their studies. The study consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the quantitative part, survey was used, and in the qualitative part, case study was used. The research covers the academic year of 2012-13. The results reveals students' perspectives, expectations, experiences, and satisfaction about the newly established distance learning program and based on these give important notes and suggest to redesign and rethink teaching methodologies in distance education especially in high uncertainty avoidance cultures like Turkey.
Giving Painkillers to a Dying Patient
Authors: Fotopoulos Nikos , Kyridis Argyris , Pavlis-Korres Maria , Zagkos Christos
Published: October 2015

The issue of unemployment and especially youth unemployment is one of the most urgent and gloomy issues in the European Union. In the case of Greece, in particular, this phenomenon is closely linked to the financial, fiscal and debt crisis creating extremely negative conditions and prospects for the Greek economy and society. This chapter highlights key issues of the current situation in the field of unemployment and especially youth unemployment in Greece, drawing the image of reality on vocational education and training (initial and continuing). It also shows the diachronic ineffectiveness of policies concerning educational and vocational training in Greece. Finally, the chapter proposes the context of a critical and institutional framework for the development of a realistic policy for vocational training and education and social cohesion in times of crisis.
Learning to Work, Working to Learn
Authors: Starr-Glass David
Published: October 2015

The Great Recession of 2008 focused minds on many issues of the economy and of society generally. It also focused considerable attention on the workings and results of higher education. Students were faced with spiraling tuition costs, while graduates were looking at burgeoning debt and the diminishing life-long financial returns on their degree investment. These prompted a reconsideration of the economic value of the college degree and of graduate employability. This chapter examines graduate employability from a perspective of what has been called new vocationalism. The challenges and potential of new vocationalism are explored against the framework of students who wish to enter employment and who believe that it is their best interests, and in the best interests of future employers and of society at large, if they are better prepared for transition to the workplace. The chapter argues for a reconsideration of vocationalism and suggests ways in which a closer and more authentic connection can be made between what is learned and what is needed to empower new graduates in the work-world.
Use of MEMS Sensors in Walking Speed Monitoring for Purposes of Behavioral Analysis
Authors: Karchňák Ján , Šimšík Dušan , Galajdová Alena , Jobbágy Boris
Published: October 2015

Wearable sensors are bringing innovative approach in research of smart environments, tele-monitoring and home care services. Average walking speed is one of the suitable indicators of state, condition and activities of patient along with observing of hip extension angle. The proposed article is aimed on study of accelerometer usability for monitoring of such parameters from view of long-term perspective. The article is divided into the following sections: the first section describes analysis of current state-of-art and motivation for such research, the second section is devoted to description of sensors and methodology of experimental verification and methods of data processing and the last section deals with data evaluation.
Empirical Mode Decomposition and Quantization Effects
Authors: Bejček Michal , Kokeš Josef
Published: October 2015

The article deals with phenomena that arise when trying to apply EMD decomposition of signals with quantization noise. It explains the basic procedures of EMD as a part of Hilbert-Huang transform and shows how it can be affected by quantization. A simple method to suppress these phenomena is proposed and examples to illustrate the functionality of this method are shown.
Analysis of a Two-Phase Asynchronous Motor Supplied by a Two-Leg SPWM Controlled Inverter
Authors: Zaskalicky Pavel
Published: October 2015

The presented contribution deals with steady state analysis of a two-phase asynchronousmotor, which is supplied by an IGBT transistors half- bridge connected inverter. The inverter outputvoltage is controlled by a SPWM of the input DC voltage. The complex Fourier series analysis of theinverter output voltage was made, to obtain a spectrum of the harmonic supply voltage. The differentvoltage harmonics was applied to the two-phase induction machine model to obtain electromagnetictorque and supply current waveform for various operation states.
Structural Equation Modelling for Manufacturing Competency and Strategic Success Factors
Authors: Singh Chandan Deep , Khamba Jaimal Singh
Published: October 2015

As global business competition shifts from efficiency to innovation and from enlargement of scale to creation of value, management needs to be oriented towards the strategic use of human resources. Core and managerial competencies are not specific to any occupation. One could demonstrate the competency of “teamwork” or “client orientation”, for example, in performing any job. Specific technical competencies are not included in the model of United Nations competencies for the future. To complement the core competencies, individual departments may choose to define functional competencies related to their respective areas of work. This research involves development of model for Manufacturing Competency and Strategic Success for automobile manufacturing unit. The model has been developed by using SEM based on AMOS 21.0
Research and Modeling of Blades with Complex Surfaces Based on Laser Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Yang Zhi Bo , Liu Ai Ju , Liu Shian
Published: October 2015

Usually, generating parts with complex surfaces, especially three-dimensional (3D) curved-surface blades, involves difficult designing, complicated manufacturing processes, and low production efficiency. In this study, by integrating 3D curved-surface modeling and the rapid prototyping functions of the pro/E software platform with computer-aided design, layered manufacturing, and material curing technologies, an improved process was realized. The once-challenging fabrication of irregular curved-surface blades was transformed into a simple technique of making planes. By selectively curing the raw material, as demonstrated in this study, complex surfaces can be manufactured rapidly, thus shortening research and development stages of new products, reducing costs, and endowing manufacturers with an improved capacity to research and develop products with greater competence and accuracy .
Study on Influence Laws of Surface Roughness of Micro-Groove in Single Crystal Silicon under Diamond Fly-Cutting
Authors: Yan Yan Yan , Wang Run Xing , Zhao Bo
Published: October 2015

Single crystal silicon has both important application value in the fields of micro-optics and MEMS, and it has been considered as one of the most difficult-to-cut materials because of its hardness and brittleness. Removal mechanism of the silicon was discussed, and the model of undeformed chip thickness was established in this article. According to the data of micro-groove surface roughness from the diamond fly-cutting experiment, the nonlinear relationship curve, between the largest undeformed chip thicknesshmaxand microgroove surface roughnessRa,were obtained using Gaussian-fitting principle, and the regression equation of the fitting curve was also got. Thus the prediction mathematical model of microgroove surface roughness was derived. The influence laws of the main working parameters on theRawere obtained based on the result of this experiment and the response surface of the prediction model, and some conclusions were summarized: the surface roughnessRaof microgroove in the single crystal silicon decreases with the decrease of the cutting depthap, the feed f and the increase of the spindle speednunder the diamond fly-cutting; the experimental results also showed that feedfaffects the value ofRavery much, cutting depthapless, and spindle speednthe least.
Study on the Laser Shock Processing with Square Spot of Titanium Alloy Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Li Guo He , Qi Hou Jun , Cai Yu Jun
Published: October 2015

Laser shock processing is a new kind of technology to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the metal surface. It uses the high-amplitude stress wave produced by the interaction of short-pulse laser and material, to make the material produce the compressive residual stress and refinement internal structure, and lead to the improved hardness and strength of material. In this paper, the simulation of laser shocking process with square spot of Titanium alloy plate was carried out through ABAQUS. The influences of the shock time, laser energy, plate thickness and spot size on the strengthening are investigated from the view of residual stress. The results show that: There are the compression residual stress in the workpiece surface after laser shcok processing, and its amplitude is about 300-400Mpa. With the increase of shock time, the surface residual stress increases, the area and depth of strengthening zone also increase. The strengthening area becomes a circular, while the distribution of residual stress becomes unhomogeneous. The surface residual stress increases as the laser energy increasing, but the amplitude is smaller. The plate thickness does not affect the amplitude of the surface residual stress. When the shock pressure is constant, surface residual stress does not change with the spot size. However, if the laser energy is constant, due to the shock pressure will decrease with the increase of spot size. Therefore, there should be an optimized spot size when the strengthening effectiveness and efficiency are both considered.
Study the Influence of Surface Treatment Technology to AZ31 Property Change
Authors: Yang Xu , Wang Zeng Sheng , Zhang Shi Wei
Published: October 2015

Magnesium alloy which is one of the least light density (about1.7g/cm3) composites material on the ground for trade business, this material has better strength ratio of room temperature, high strength and rigidity, with good vibration attenuation, better damping, and good heat conduction,resistant radiation, don’t produce spark when friction, good ductility, better cutting machine and formed possibility, may be welded, adhesives, and have good chemical stability to Alkali, kerosene, gasoline, mineral oil and dry atmosphere, With no magnetic and electromagnetic shielding properties, Magnesium alloy products easy to recycle and no pollution to environment etc. Known as in twenty-first century the "green engineering materials”, In order to improve the use range of alloy,it need for improved performance of AZ31 magnesium alloy, AZ31 magnesium alloy surface modification technology to solve the main problems is to reduce the cost and environmental issues of a single technology, There is a wide prospect for the application of compound modification.
Finite Element Modeling and Simulation towards Metallic Microstructure of Titanium Alloy Based on Abaqus
Authors: Wang Hao Yan , Li Yue Feng , Wang Guang Lin
Published: October 2015

In this paper a new kind of finite element analysis model towards metallic microstructure of titanium alloy is established based on a common metallic microstructure picture. By the simulation of tensile test on this new kind of FEA model performed by finite element analysis software Abaqus, the tensile curve in the state of simulation is obtained. Meanwhile, in order to verify the accuracy of the simulation results, a series of tensile tests are designed and performed and the tensile curves under experimental conditions are obtained. Comparing the experimental results with the simulation results, the conclusion can be verified that the new microstructure FEA model can illustrate the metallic microstructure very well. And this model provides a new perspective to study the mechanical properties of metallic materials.
Mixing Y89 Influence on Mechanical Properties of Casting Mg17Al12
Authors: Yang Hang Song , Hao Shao Ju , Liang Jun Jie
Published: October 2015

For its light quality, good thermal conductivity, and excellent electricity shielding performance, Magnesium alloy has been used in industry, agricultural and so on, for rare earth elements can improve the mechanical performance of magnesium alloy, the study of powder metallurgy is influence by rare earth magnesium is few at present. so, in this paper, by mixing powder metallurgy method the Y89 element was added in Mg17Al12 magnesium alloy, the influence of Y89 on microstructure, hardness and compression performance of Mg17Al12 magnesium alloy was studied, The experimental results show that when amount of Y89’s addition, the mechanical performance is more then and when is 1.22%, its mechanical performance is best, hardness is 66.7 HV, compressive strength is 113.6 MPa,increased respectively by 19.7% and 29.3% compared the Mg17Al12 magnesium alloy substrate, and the grain refinement effect of Mg17Al12 magnesium alloy is the best at this time.
Compressive Strength Analysis of Ionic Soil Stabilizer Improving Soil
Authors: Tao Jue Qiang , Lin Wen Yan , Luo Xiao Hua , Qiu Xin , Wu Jin Hong
Published: October 2015

To explore the ionic liquid soil stabilizer improved soil mechanical properties, this experiment conducted liquid-plastic limit test and compaction test. On the basis of determining the optimal dosage of ionic soil stabilizer and mastering different mixture optimum moisture content and maximum dry density, the standard sample which consists of the Zhejiang red-brown clay and curing material including ionic soil stabilizer, cement and lime carried out the unconfined compressive strength test in different curing age and compaction degree. This paper analyzed the change reason of compaction and curing age about the stabilized soil. The results show that the ionic soil stabilizer has a significant effect on the compressive strength improvement of stabilized soil. Compared stabilized soil with traditional treatment soil, the compressive strength of stabilized soil has improved obviously with the increase of curing age and compaction degree. Research findings provide useful technical support and practice basis for promoting and applying ionic soil stabilizer in infrastructure construction.
Development of a Chemiluminescence Detecting System Based on FPGA
Authors: Wu Ang , Zhu Juan Hua
Published: October 2015

In order to detect weak chemiluminescence signal rapidly and high accurately, a chemiluminescence detection system is designed based on the core chip FPGA. The system uses a static injection mechanism as chemiluminescence reaction conduit. High-performance photodiode converts chemiluminescence signals into electrical signals replacing the traditional photomultiplier tube. It can meet the test requirements while reducing the cost of the detection system. The signal processing and storage system FPGA-based consists of A/D converter module, serial communication module, the keyboard scan control modules and memory modules. Nitrite ions in water samples are detected and the results show that in a certain concentration range the calibration curve of NO2-concentration and luminescence intensity is linear, the linear regression equation is Y = 0.4148X + 2.6508, and the correlation coefficient is R2= 0.9832. The relative standard deviation values are 2.7%(n=11).
Design of the Auto-Stiffness Measuring Instrument for Electro Hydraulic Servo Valve Elastic Element
Authors: Wang Guang Lin , Yin Nan , Wang Hui Feng
Published: October 2015

The electro-hydraulic servo valve is the essential component of the electro-hydraulic servo control, and it was mainly used on many fields such as aviation, aerospace and navigation etc.People use the electro-hydraulic servo valve to drive plenty of loads. The electro-hydraulic servo valve has many advantages such as fast dynamic response, high control precision, and longevity. Hence, for the elastic element of the electro-hydraulic, which works as the significant feed-back component the characteristic of the stiffness has played an essential role in the electro-hydraulic servo. Based on the previous research of the technology automation and inspection experiment, this paper proposes an auto-stiffness admeasuring apparatus for the elastic element of the Hydraulic servo. and the experiment research has been proceeded. The experimental result shows that, the auto-stiffness admeasuring apparatus has the advantages of high precision, high automation; it can be well used in the productive practice.
Advances in Skin Viscoelastic Detection Methods and Equipments
Authors: Sun Jin Cai , Song Yi Lin , Gao Shu Mei
Published: October 2015

Research on biomechanical properties of skin and its detection method is significant in learning about and mastering the physiological function of the skin, assessing the degree of skin aging correctly as well as doing some appropriate care. As one of the important indexes for skin mechanics, viscoelastic can reflect the state of skin system timely, and play a guiding role in the treatment of diseases related. Meanwhile, surgery recuperation and cosmetics can be effectively measured and quantified. Due to the uniqueness and complexity of the structure of skin, the test method for its viscoelasticity is more complex than engineering meterial. In recent years, detection technology of skin viscoelastic has been paid great attention, especially to the non-invasive methods of skin viscoelastic. In this paper, the principle of non-invasive detection methods and their recent development are described, and the various detection methods and the major equipments are also analyzed.
UCBO Hydraulic Oil and Application on Hydraulic Measurement for Laval Nozzle Throat Diameter
Authors: Hong Yang , Zhang Xiang , Shao Dong Xiang , Wang Guang Lin , Sun Li
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes a hydraulic measurement model for measuring the Laval nozzle throat diameter size. Based on measurement principle of liquid pressure – flowrate, we can get the size of Laval nozzle throat diameter by measuring the fluid flowrate through hydraulic measurement model at the fixed pressure. With good viscosity-temperature performance, low temperature performance and oxidation stability, UCBO aviation hydraulic oil is selected as the measuring medium. In the hydraulic measurement model, the diameter of the mandrel which can be regarded as gauge will directly affect the sensitivity of diameter measurement. Therefore we need to optimize the design of the mandrel of the hydraulic model.
Die Forming Simulation of PM Parts Based on AMESim
Authors: Zhang Ming Jian
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The mathematical model of cylindrical compact simulation is established by using the mathematical model of the net pressure P1 and the loss pressure P2 in AMESim environment, basing on the physical model of the powder metallurgical cylindrical blank. The simulation model of multi-step P/M parts is established by disassembling and transformation of parts, which is successfully introduced to the hydraulic system simulation. The corresponding velocity and displacement curves are obtained by running batch the three parts of B, C, A, following the principle that the speed of different height step mode is equal to the pressing rate. When the piston reaches a certain equilibrium displacement, , , and respectively range from 20 to 100, from 20 to 50, and from 50 to 2000. According to the corresponding suppression curve obtained, corresponding optimized parameters could be got to meet the requirements of the pressing speed with the AMESim optimization function.
Research on Reverse Design of Flexible Rod Based on CMM
Authors: Pan Wei Min , Li Guo Hua , Yu Yang , Kong Ning Ning
Published: October 2015

Reverse design based on CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) measuring has been used in the engineering design widely because of its higher quality, shorter manufacturing cycle and lower cost. The flexible rod is widely used in tension mechanism because of its large adjustable range, high tensile strength and good flexibility. The reverse design of a flexible rod based on CMM measuring is researched in this paper. The structure of the flexible rod was analyzed. The CMM digital measuring of the part has been completed and the data of measuring results is processed. The reverse 3D modeling and design of the flexible rod have been accomplished.
Research on Wheel-Shoe Wear for High Friction Composite Brake Shoes Based Foundation Brake Rigging in Railway Wagon
Authors: Lu Bi Hong , Chen Xiao Yuan , Qu Bao Zhang , Zhang Hong Bo
Published: October 2015

For improving braking efficiency, the high friction composite brake shoe, instead of cast-iron shoe, is widely used in railway wagon. However, some flange and tread of the foundation brake rigging wear frequently in operation, leading to the over standard of wheel diameter difference, which affects the safety performance and the running efficiency of railway transport. This paper uses the normal pressure between wheels and shoes as the evaluation index of tread wear and the lateral shift of brake beam as the evaluation index of flange wear. With the multi-body dynamics simulation method, take a research on the influence of curve braking for flange and tread wear. Firstly, establish a multi-rigid body dynamics model of the foundation brake rigging in RecurDyn software. And then, take a research on the lateral shift of brake beam and the pressure distribution of shoes for empty and loaded wagon on four kinds of curves braking respectively. At last, to testify the simulation results theoretically, analytical method is used to derive lateral force of the brake beam. The results indicate that the lateral shift of rear brake beam which lead the shoe moving close to the flange is the cause of flange wear, and the positive pressure between wheel and shoe of one wheel-order bigger than others is the cause of tread wear. The research accomplishments above provide technical support for further improvement of the foundation brake rigging in railway wagons.
Design of a Microwave Vacuum Drying Medicine Extract Model of Process Equipment
Authors: He Chun Xia , Zhang Luo Ming , Wang Xiao Dong
Published: October 2015

In order to ensure the medicinal efficacy and improve the production efficiency, design and production of a kind of microwave vacuum drying medicine extract new technical equipment. Through analyzing the principle of material characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine extract, drying, microwave vacuum drying, Design of microwave vacuum drying chamber, cylinder body, a door body, a material system. Based on the overall scheme, the main structure parameters were calculated, and the production of a set of test equipment, the dehydration rate test. The new process equipment efficiency, reduces the cost, the volume is greatly reduced, keep the efficacy, and has the functions of sterilization, especially suitable for the production of proprietary Chinese medicines industry.
Research on the Process of Ring-Involute Tooth Spherical Gear Based on Rapid Prototyping Processing
Authors: Huang Zi Fan , Ma Yue Long , Zhang Jian Qiang , Zheng Xi Gui , Liu Jun
Published: October 2015

The ring-involute tooth spherical gear with two degrees of freedom is considered as the research object. Through the combination of theory and experiment, a further study is conducted on it. According to the theory of rapid prototyping, comprehensive consideration of the ring-involute teeth spherical gear tooth profile surface forming principle and transmission features, traditional machining method, transmission error and the actual application, a fast processing method of the ring-involute tooth spherical gear is proposed. Spherical gear model is built in Solidworks surface modeling environment. Through the use of rapid prototyping equipment, the ring-involute tooth spherical gear is worked out. Tooth root thick, addendum thickness and transmission error of spherical gear is further measured on this basis with the method of rapid forming. Basic parameters meet the requirements. The rapid prototyping processing method is proved to be practical, effective and valuable.
An Investigation on the Workpiece Roundness Generation in Centerless Grinding Based on the Integration of Virtual Machine Tool and Workpiece Material Removal Mechanism
Authors: Cui Qi , Chen Shi Jin , Ding Hui , Cheng Kai
Published: October 2015

In order to respond to market rapidly, save design time, reduce the cost and particularly design the machine in a predictable and reliable manner, an approach based on the integration of virtual machine tool and workpiece material removal mechanism is proposed in this article for the investigation of centerless grinding process, the prediction of workpiece roundness generation and the evaluation of dynamic characteristics of grinding system. In this approach the machine structure model is firstly presented by incorporating the kinematic relationship of the feed drive system and the material dynamic parameters of the grinding system. Then the virtual machine tool model is built by the combination of the machine mechanical structure and the control loop. Finally the virtual centerless grinding is realized by integrating the virtual machine and the workpiece material removal mechanism through their coupled surface regeneration mechanism. The comparison of the experimental and theoretical results demonstrates that this virtual centerless grinding approach can investigate the workpiece roundness generation accurately.
Experimental Study on Surface Quality in Milling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Liu Ju Dong , Li You Sheng , Yan Guo Hong , Huang Li Kun , Yang Xiao Fan , Yu Dong Min
Published: October 2015

Basing on the milling experiment of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), the machining surface qualities of different edge shape and coated tools are researched contrastively. The results show that: when the CFRP is milled by general right-hand edge milling cutter, due to the small tool rake angle, bad tool sharpness, and carbon fibers of upper and lower surface are both subjected to upswept cutting force, the burrs appear at the upper surface of workpiece. But there is no burr at the lower surface. When the CFRP is milled by interlaced edge or herringbone edge diamond coated milling cutter, which are designed to left-hand and right-hand interlace, the carbon fiber of workpiece’s upper and lower surface are subjected to downward and upswept cutting force respectively. There is no burr at the upper and lower surface of workpiece. Compared with interlaced edge diamond coated milling cutter, herringbone edge diamond coated milling cutter is more suitable for finish machining of CFRP.
Hilbert Curve Fractal Stacking in the Application of Path Planning in the Molten Molding
Authors: Wang Zhan Li , Chao Yan Yan , Hu Yan Juan
Published: October 2015

The scanning process of fused deposition modeling is realizing the fill of certain region, Therefore, reasonable scanning path planning directly affects the forming efficiency and the precision of the work piece. The method of Hilbert curve fractal scanning path which basing on the characteristics of both partition and parallel scanning is put forward basing on the analysis of the existing scanning mode. Application of improved curve filling method for complex curved surface forming planning, according to the characteristics of the Hilbert curve and Hamilton circuit, combined with the characteristics of the scanned level scan path trajectory planning, generate a continuous and comprehensive function value which the weight minimum scanning track under the premise of ensuring the quality of scanning. In order to avoid the generation of island type trajectory, setting a decimal for each loop can easily distinguish between each circuit, finally obtains the scan trajectory. The method can be used to generate scanning track continuous greatly reducing the spray head start and stop times and improves the processing efficiency of the whole, not only to meet the accuracy requirements and can generate non scanning path interference but also high forming efficiency.
Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Laminated Timber Beams
Authors: Abade Bertolino Carlos Augusto , Mascia Nilson Tadeu , Basaglia Cilmar Donizeti , Fazendeiro Donadon Bruno
Published: October 2015

The necessity to restore the design specifications of a determined structure, combined with cost, weight and environmental impact reduction makes the use of high performance composite systems, involving, either synthetic or natural materials, interesting. By applying a layer of fiber reinforcement bonded with the glued laminated timber beam (Glulam) with an appropriate adhesive, a high performance composite system is obtained, resulting on a significant increase of strength and bending stiffness of the structural element that each isolated material did not have before. This paper carried out an analysis of the feasibility of use synthetic and natural fibers as alternative to structural reinforcement to laminated timber beams, made of the reforestation wood species Pinus caribea and Eucalyptus grandis that represent respectively two resistance classes of monocotyledon and dicotyledonous, exposing, through an analytical model. The numerical results obtained from the analysis of the Glulam beams reinforced with glass, carbon, Vectran® and natural fibers such as sisal fibers, are compared among each other considering cost, weight and gain of resistance and stiffness. It is observed that for small lengths (and therefore, small cross sections), the use of Vectran® fiber is not the best option, since an equivalent resistance gain can be obtained by applying a thicker layer of glass fiber, once it possesses a lower cost and a non-significant impact on the final structure's weight. For all the other considered cases, the choice of the Vectran® fiber is very interesting, since on these situations a thicker layer of glass fiber does not provide much cost reduction and is not enough to achieve the desired strength without increasing the structure's weight significantly. Regarding the sisal fiber, it is a material that is easy to find and with a low cost in Brazil, its utilization is interesting when working with low resistance wood species. Although the gain of resistance provided by this fiber as a reinforcement material is fairly low, the desired result can be obtained by increasing the thickness of the reinforcement layer, which still keeps the cost and weight of the reinforced element much smaller than those resulting from the implementation of a thinner layer of glass fiber.
Assessment of Inorganic Bonded Paperboards Produced from Kraft and Recycled Newsprint
Authors: Owoyemi J.M. , Ajayi Babatunde , Ogunrinde O.S.
Published: October 2015

Homogeneous cement bonded paperboards were made with recycled newsprints and Kraft paper with ordinary Portland cement and curing reagent. Boards were produced at the blending proportions of 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 respectively and at cement/ paper ratio of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 respectively. Dimensional movements were evaluated to investigate the effect of the variables used in board manufacturing before and after exposure to accelerated aging tests procedure. Increase in mixing ratio and blending proportion caused decrease in Thickness Swelling (TS) and Water Absorption (WA) while TS and WA of the untreated boards were lower than the accelerated aging treated boards. The dimensional movement of Kraft paper was higher than that of recycled newsprint before and after accelerated aging treatment. The strongest and most dimensionally stable board was produced at the highest level of cement/ paper ratio. The pre-accelerated ageing test carried out showed that mechanical properties were higher 2:1 and 3:1 paper cement mixing ratios. Kraft paper produced the strongest and most dimensionally stable board than recycled newsprint. From this study Kraft paper and recycled newsprint proved to be suitable for the manufacture of cement bonded paperboard capable of meeting the needs in core and low cost housing construction.
Use of Waste Wood for Particleboard Production
Authors: de Lima Felix Adriele , Rezende Pinto Narciso Carolina , Silveira Lima Fernanda , Farinassi Mendes Rafael , Mendes Lourival Marin , Soares Scolforo José Roberto
Published: October 2015

In parallel with the growing demand for lumber, there has been an increase in the amount of waste generated by this industry, such as chips, shavings, and sawdust as the main waste. Such wastes are disposed in unsuitable locations or burned for energy generation. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of sawdust for particleboard manufacturing. The particleboard were produced with Pinus oocarpa wood and 11% urea-formaldehyde adhesive, with a nominal density of 0.70 g/cm3 and a pressing cycle of 160°C temperature, specific pressure of 3.92 MPa, and a operation time of 8 min. The panels were evaluated for the properties such as apparent density, thickness swelling after 24-h immersion in water, Janka hardness, screw pullout (top and face), compression ratio, internal bond, according ASTM D1037 (2006) standard and modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) to static bending acordingo DIN 52362 (1982) standard. The panels produced with sawdust of P. oocarpa wood met all the requirements stipulated by the marketing standard, demonstrating great potential for use in particleboard manufacturing.
Dimensional Stability of Particleboards Produced with Soybean Residue
Authors: Guimarães José Benedito , Guimarães Íngrid Luz , Lisboa Fernando Jesus Nogara , Mendes Rafael Farinassi , Guimarães Bárbara Maria Ribeiro
Published: October 2015

The southwest region of Goiás is a major grain producer in the country, with emphasis on soybeans. It is protected by a pellicle grain into a legume. After its separation, the film is eventually discarded or used as animal feed. One alternative is the production of particleboards, considering lignocellulosic material, which could add value to this raw material. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of particleboards produced with soybean residue, comparing them with eucalyptus panels. The particleboard was made with a nominal density of 0.55 g/cm3, and 12% of urea-formaldehyde adhesive were used, based on their content of resin solids and pressing cycle of 3.92 MPa, 180oC for 15 minutes. Three panels were produced by treating. The assessment of dimensional stability was made by measuring their density, water absorption and thickness swelling after immersion for 2 and 24 hours. Based on the results, it can be seen that, statistically, the panels had equal densities, an average value of 0.52 g/cm3. It is noted that the panels produced with a soy film had water absorption values of 2 to 24 hours, and thickness swelling in 24 hours, in comparison with the upper eucalyptus. For thickness swelling after 2 hours, no statistically significant difference between the tested materials was observed.
Physical Properties of MDP Panels Produced with Different Proportions of Wood and Pseudostem
Authors: Guimarães Bárbara Maria Ribeiro , Guimarães Jr. José Benedito , de Oliveira Ellison Rosario , Campomori Jefferson Barbosa , Mendes Lourival Marin
Published: October 2015

The objective of the present study was to verify the technical feasibility of using banana pseudostem fibers in the manufacture of MDP in intermediate panel layers, in different associations with wood from eucalyptus and banana pseudostem. The physical properties of water absorption and thickness swelling for immersion in water for both 2 and 24 hours were evaluated. Three panels were produced according to American Standard ASTM D 1037. 12% urea-formaldehyde adhesive were used for the production of panels. The pressing cycle was 4 MPa, with a temperature of 160°C for a period of 8 minutes. The panels were produced with a density of 0.70g/cm3 and had the following composition: 20/60/20 face/core, in which the face consisted of eucalyptus and varying proportions of pseudostem in the core (10%, 20% and 30%) and in eucalyptus. It is observed that the panels with 20% particles in the core showed the best results, compared to other panels evaluated.
Study of the Potential Employment of Malvaceae Species in Composites Materials
Authors: Guimarães Bárbara Maria Gama , Cayuela Marín Diana , Zonatti Welton Fernando , Mantovani Waldir , Relvas Cátia , Cunha Fernando , Fangueiro Raul , Savastano Holmer , Baruque-Ramos Júlia
Published: October 2015

The employ of vegetal fibers for textiles and composites represents a great potential in economic and social sustainable development. Some Malvaceae species are considered tropical cosmopolitans, such as from Sida genus. Several species of this genus provide excellent textile bast fibers, which are very similar in qualities to the jute textile fiber. The objective of the present study is present the physicochemical characterization of six Brazilian vegetal fibers: Sida rhombifolia L.; Sida carpinifolia L. f.; Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell; Sida cordifolia L.; Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Gurck; Wissadula subpeltata (Kuntze) R.E.Fries. Respectively the two first species are from Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome and the four remaining from Brazilian Cerrado biome, despite of present in other regions of the planet. The stems of these species were retted in water at 37oC for 20 days. The fibers were tested in order to determine tensile rupture strength, tenacity, elongation, Young’s modulus, cross microscopic structure, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), regain, combustion, acid, alkali, organic solvent and cellulase effects, pH of the aqueous extract, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The obtained values were compared with those from fibers of recognized applicability in the textile industry including hemp. The results are promising in terms of their employment in thermoset and thermoplastic medium resistance composites.
Low Thymic Activity and Dendritic Cell Numbers Are Associated with the Immune Response to Primary Viral Infection in Elderly Humans
Authors: Schulz Axel Ronald , Mälzer Julia Nora , Domingo Cristina , Jürchott Karsten , Grützkau Andreas , Babel Nina , Nienen Mikalai , Jelinek Tomas , Niedrig Matthias , Thiel Andreas
Published: October 2015

Immunological competence declines progressively with age, resulting in increased susceptibility of the elderly to infection and impaired responses to vaccines. Underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure as they have been related to complex, individual systemic immune properties that are challenging to investigate. In this study, we explored age-related changes in human immunity during a primary virus infection experimentally induced by immunization with live-attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine. Applying detailed serology, advanced FACS analysis, and systems biology, we discovered that aged subjects developed fewer neutralizing Abs, mounted diminished YF-specific CD8+ T cell responses, and showed quantitatively and qualitatively altered YF-specific CD4+ T cell immunity. Among numerous immune signatures, low in vivo numbers of naive CD4+ recent thymic emigrants and peripheral dendritic cells correlated well with reduced acute responsiveness and altered long-term persistence of human cellular immunity to YF vaccination. Hence, we reveal in this article that essential elements of immune responses such as recent thymic emigrants and dendritic cells strongly relate to productive immunity in the elderly, providing a conceivable explanation for diminished responsiveness to vaccination with neoantigens and infection with de novo pathogens in the aged population.
Tuberculous pancreatitis complicated by ruptured splenic artery pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Irfan M. , Thiavalappil F. , Nagaraj J. , Brown T.H. , Roberts D. , Mcknight L. , Harrison N.K.
Published: October 2015

Tuberculous pancreatitis complicated by ruptured splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. M. Irfan, F. Thiavalappil, J. Nagaraj, T.H. Brown, D. Roberts, L. Mcknight, N.K. Harrison. Tuberculosis involving the pancreas is rare. We report a patient with pancreatic tuberculosis complicated by haemorrhage from a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. As far as we are aware, the development of a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm in association with a large caseating mass of tuberculous pancreatic lymph nodes has not been reported previously. We review the literature and discuss the varied presentations of tuberculosis involving the pancreas or the pancreatic bed and its draining lymph nodes.
Unexpected early obstruction of a biological aortic valve prosthesis
Authors: De Piccoli Bruno , Rivaben Dante Eduardo , Favretto Giuseppe
Published: October 2015

A 64 years old male was submitted to the surgical substitution of a deteriorated biological aortic valve prosthesis with a new Hancock II biological prosthesis. The implantation was not followed by an anticoagulation or antiaggregation therapy. Two months later he was checked at our Institution because he complained symptoms and developed echocardiographic indexes suggestive of an aortic prosthesis obstruction by a clot. Both symptoms and the echocardiographic indexes of prosthesis obstruction faded away after giving warfarin; they arose again when the anticoagulation therapy was stopped and was replaced by aspirin. The following permanent use of warfarin normalized both clinic and echocardiographic aspects. The present case report underlines the utility of early controls after a biological prosthesis, yet aortic, implantation, when it is not followed by an anticoagulant therapy, also in subjects free from thrombosis high risk factors.