bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-object posture coordination method with tolerance constraints for aircraft components assembly
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Wang Qing , Zhao Anan , Ke Yinglin
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to improve the alignment accuracy of large components in aircraft assembly and an evaluation algorithm, which is based on manufacture accuracy and coordination accuracy, is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

With relative deviations of manufacturing feature points and coordinate feature points, an evaluation function of assembly error is constructed. Then the optimization model of large aircraft digital alignment is established to minimize the synthesis assembly error with tolerance requirements, which consist of three-dimensional (3D) tolerance of manufacturing feature points and relative tolerance between coordination feature points. The non-linear constrained optimization problem is solved by Lagrange multiplier method and quasi-Newton method with its initial value provided by the singular value decomposition method.

Findings

The optimized postures of large components are obtained, which makes the tolerance of both manufacturing and coordination requirements be met. Concurrently, the synthesis assembly error is minimized. Compared to the result of the singular value decomposition method, the algorithm is validated in three typical cases with practical data.

Practical implications

The proposed method has been used in several aircraft assembly projects and gained a good effect.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a method to optimize the manufacturing and coordination accuracy with tolerance constraints when the postures of several components are adjusted at the same time. The results of this paper will help to improve the quality of component assemblies.
Current evidence for the identification and management of premenstrual syndrome in women with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Cooper Nina C. , Balachandran Nair Deepa , Egan Sile , Barrie Andrew , Perera Bhathika
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Intellectual disability (ID) is prevalent in 1 per cent of the population. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects up to 5 per cent of the general population of adult women. Identification of PMS is challenging in women with ID due to differences in communication. Management of PMS in the ID population requires careful consideration of baseline function, co-existing mental and physical health problems, drug interactions as well as complex ethical considerations. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

Prospero-registered systematic review (CRD42019119398) of papers exploring the diagnosis and management of patients with PMS and ID (n=414). In total, 35 relevant titles were identified and 27 full text papers were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 10 studies for final qualitative analysis.

Findings

Ten original research papers were included. There are no standardised symptom criteria for diagnosis of PMS in women with ID. Studies relied on observer-reported data. All papers demonstrated higher rates of PMS in women with ID compared with the general adult population. Management was not standardised and varied between centres. Mainstays of treatment included non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, combined oral contraceptive pills and intramuscular progesterone. Newer evidence suggests levonorgestrel intrauterine systems may be appropriate. There was no quantitative method of establishing success of management.

Practical implications

A modified symptom diary should be used for diagnosis in this population. Differentiation between cyclical behavioural change due to pain vs mood disturbance remains challenging. Conservative, psychological and medical management should be the mainstay of treatment, with surgery considered in exceptional cases.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the current limited evidence for the management of PMS in women with a diagnosis of ID and offers an overview of the current options for managing these patients’ symptoms.
Analysis of a coupled physical discrete time system by means of extended Euler-Lagrange difference equation and discrete dissipative canonical equation
Authors: Civelek Cem
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is the application of the following concepts to the time discrete form. Variational Calculus, potential and kinetic energies, velocity proportional Rayleigh dissipation function, the Lagrange and Hamilton formalisms, extended Hamiltonians and Poisson brackets are all defined and applied for time-continuous physical processes. Such processes are not always time-continuously observable; they are also sometimes time-discrete.

Design/methodology/approach

The classical approach is developed with the benefit of giving only a short table on charge and flux formulation, as they are similar to the classical case just like all other formulation types. Moreover, an electromechanical example is represented as well.

Findings

Lagrange and Hamilton formalisms together with the velocity proportional (Rayleigh) dissipation function can also be used in the discrete time case, and as a result, dissipative equations of generalized motion and dissipative canonical equations in the discrete time case are obtained. The discrete formalisms are optimal approaches especially to analyze a coupled physical system which cannot be observed continuously. In addition, the method makes it unnecessary to convert the quantities to the other. The numerical solutions of equations of dissipative generalized motion of an electromechanical (coupled) system in continuous and discrete time cases are presented.

Originality/value

The formalisms and the velocity proportional (Rayleigh) dissipation function aforementioned are used and applied to a coupled physical system in time-discrete case for the first time to the best of the author’s knowledge, and systems of difference equations are obtained depending on formulation type.
Corporate tax planning and corporate tax disclosure
Authors: Mgammal Mahfoudh Hussein
Published: October 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of corporate tax planning (TP) on tax disclosure (TD). Using tax expenses data set, with the detailed effective tax rate (ETR) by reconciling individual items of income and expenses.

Design/methodology/approach

A firm-level panel data set is used to analyse 286 non-financial listed companies on Bursa Malaysia that spans the period 2010-2012. Multivariate statistical analyses were run on the sample data. The empirical understanding of TD depends on public sources of data in the financial statement, characterized in the aggregated note of tax expenses. Fitting with Malaysian environment, the authors measured TD using modified ETR reconciling items.

Findings

Results show that TP, exhibit a robust positive influence on TD. This suggests that TP is related to lower corporate TD. In addition, companies with high TP attempt to mitigate the disclosure problem by increasing various TD. The authors further find significant positive impact between each of firm size and industry dummy, on TD. This means that company-specific characteristics are significant factors affecting corporate TD.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to the literature on the effect of TP on TD. It depends on both the signalling theory and the Scholes–Wolfson framework, which are the main theories concerned with TP and TD. Therefore, from a theoretical side, the authors add to the current theories by verifying that users are the party influenced whether positively or negatively, by the extent of TD or the extent of TP activities through Malaysian organizations.

Practical implications

The evidence found in this paper has important policy and practical implications for the authorities, researchers, decision makers and company managers. The findings can provide them some relevant insights on the importance of TP actions from companies’ perspective and contribute to the discussion of who verifies and deduces from TD directed by companies.

Originality/value

This paper originality is regarded as the first attempt to examine the impact of TP on TD in a developing country such as Malaysia. Malaysian setting is an interesting one to examine because Malaysia could be similar to other countries in Southeast Asia. Results contribute significant insights to the discussion about TD regarding, which parties are responsible for the verification of TD by firms, and which parties benefit from this disclosure. Findings suggest that companies face a trade-off between tax benefits and TD when selecting the type of their TP.
Pricing three cases of performance fees using options methodology
Authors: Messmore Tom , Jones Travis L.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Prior research has demonstrated that investment management performance fees have the characteristic of a call option. It is important to examine whether these performance fees are consistent with traditional fee structures used by investment managers. It is also worth examining whether clients or managers benefit significantly more than the other party under performance fee structures. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use Black-Scholes options pricing methodology to examine three cases of performance fee structures. The Absolute Hurdle case examines the fee structure where the manager receives a portion of the return over a pre-defined absolute rate of return. The Benchmark Relative Hurdle case shows a fee structure based on performance in excess of the return of a benchmark portfolio. The Breakeven Relative Hurdle case illustrates the fee structure where there is revenue neutrality with the classic management fees when portfolio performance matches the benchmark.

Findings

The findings of this paper illustrate that a particular performance fee structure can be designed to have the same revenue as a traditional investment management fee structure. Such a structure is equally beneficial to both the investment manager and to the client and should have salutary motivational effects to improve investment results, while simultaneously rewarding the manager for value added at a fair price for both the manager and the investor.

Originality/value

This study is unique in that it examines three cases of performance fees and provides a comparison between performance fee structures and traditional investment management fee structures. The findings will assist investment portfolio managers in better setting management fees they charge clients. In addition, this study help with clients who feel they are being charged excessive management fees by their investment manager.
Integrated reports, external assurance and financial performance
Authors: Akisik Orhan , Gal Graham
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between integrated reports, external assurance and financial performance for North American firms between 2011 and 2016.

Design/methodology/approach

Corporate websites were examined for disclosures which included both financial and non-financial information. Compustat North America and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) websites provided additional data for the analysis.

Findings

Using a panel data analysis, the results provide evidence that there is a significant positive association between integrated reports and multiple measures of financial performance. Moreover, this positive effect is enhanced when integrated reports are assured by accounting firms.

Research limitations/implications

There are relatively a small number of firms that do this kind of reporting. A major limitation of the study is the small sample size.

Practical implications

As stakeholders find information in integrated reports relevant, there needs to be standardization on their content and level of assurance. Standard setters and regulators should be involved in setting these standards and assurance guidelines.

Social implications

Although it is clear that there is a cost to firms which produce integrated reports, the benefits to society may outweigh these costs. This may go beyond the benefits to shareholders as they make investment decisions.

Originality/value

According to the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that examines the impact of integrated reports and external assurance on financial performance for North American firms.
Web-based impression management? Salient features for CSR disclosure prominence
Authors: Chong Sabrina , Rahman Asheq
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the web-based features of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure that play a role in making CSR information prominent to investors and give the information better recognition for investment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors posit a positive association between the company’s capital market performance and the web-based features used for CSR disclosure by the company. The authors argue that the more effective the feature is in enhancing the prominence of CSR information, the higher is the share turnover and market value of shares of a company, and the lower is its share prices’ bid-ask spread. Five specific web-based features, namely, the location, accessibility, medium, variety and extent of disclosure are identified as features used for web-based CSR disclosure. The research framework is drawn from Brennan and Merkl–Davies’ (2013) impression management strategies and Merton’s (1987) “investor recognition hypothesis”.

Findings

The findings show that visual and structural emphases of CSR information via specific web-based features enhance information prominence and could favourably influence investors’ impression towards the company. Investors are likely to make investment decisions in favour of the company, resulting in a higher share turnover along with increased market value of the shares of the company and lower bid-ask spread of its share prices.

Research limitations/implications

The paper highlights the significance of utilisation of web-based features in enhancing CSR information prominence for impression management purposes.

Practical implications

The findings have the potential to benefit preparers, users and policymakers by enhancing their knowledge and understanding of the utilisation of web-based CSR disclosure features. Specifically, preparers will be more aware of web-based feature(s) that could be useful in projecting CSR-related information to their stakeholders.

Social implications

The study will help enhance the dissemination of web-based CSR information.

Originality/value

The study adds to the literature on web-based CSR disclosure, by developing a structured approach to examine the effectiveness of web-based features for investors’ impression management.
Elevated serum B‐cell activating factor levels in patients with dermatomyositis: Association with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Matsushita Takashi , Kobayashi Tadahiro , Kano Miyu , Hamaguchi Yasuhito , Takehara Kazuhiko
Published: October 2019

Patients with dermatomyositis (DM) frequently have myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSA), which are closely associated with different clinical features. Patients with anti‐aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase antibody (ARS‐Ab) and anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA5)‐Ab often have interstitial lung disease (ILD). Recently, anti‐MDA5‐Ab levels have been shown to correlate with disease activity in DM patients. Thus, B cells that are stimulated by excess B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) play an important role in the pathogenesis of DM through auto‐Ab production. In this study, we investigated the role of BAFF in DM patients. We measured the serum BAFF levels in 56 adult DM patients (14 with anti‐ARS‐Ab, 18 with anti‐MDA5‐Ab, seven with anti‐Mi‐2‐Ab and 17 with anti‐transcriptional intermediary factor‐1γ‐Ab) . For a longitudinal study, 130 serum specimens from 10 DM patients with anti‐MDA5‐Ab were analyzed. Serum BAFF levels were significantly higher in DM patients than in healthy controls. DM patients with elevated serum BAFF levels more frequently had ILD. In subgroup analysis, DM patients with anti‐ARS‐Ab and DM patients with anti‐MDA5‐Ab exhibited increased BAFF levels compared with controls, while DM patients with other MSA showed BAFF levels comparable with controls. In the longitudinal study, serum BAFF levels in DM patients with anti‐MDA5‐Ab were decreased after immunosuppressive therapy along with serum levels of anti‐MDA5‐Ab and ferritin, which are biomarkers of disease activity. These results suggest that BAFF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ILD in DM patients with anti‐ARS and anti‐MDA5‐Ab. Furthermore, serum BAFF level is associated with disease activity in DM patients with anti‐MDA5‐Ab.
Effects of feeding ground versus pelleted total mixed ration on digestion, rumen function and milk production performance of dairy cows
Authors: Zhong Rongzhen , Zhao Chengzhen , Feng Piao , Wang Yitong , Zhao Xueli , Luo Dongwen , Cheng Long , Liu Di , Fang Yi
Published: October 2019

This study evaluated the effects of feeding ground (G) versus pelleted (P) total mixed ration (PTMR) on digestibility and milk production performance of mid‐lactation dairy cows over a 42‐days period. Results showed that, compared to GTMR, feeding PTMR increased dry matter intake and digestibility, ruminal propionate proportions and milk protein percentage, but decreased acetate‐to‐propionate ratio, milk fat percentage and aldehydes, acids, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbon proportions in milk. The PTMR did not improve milk yield but accelerated live weight recovery of cows and led to acidosis risk in lactating cows due to negative effects on rumen fermentation.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of bioactive peptides from fermented bovine colostrum
Authors: Gaspar‐Pintiliescu Alexandra , Oancea Anca , Cotarlet Mihaela , Vasile Aida Mihaela , Bahrim Gabriela Elena , Shaposhnikov Sergey , Craciunescu Oana , Oprita Elena Iulia
Published: October 2019

Fermented bovine colostrum rich in bioactive peptides was obtained using Candida lipolytica strains in co‐culture with kefir grains. During fermentation, the pH and total titratable acidity of the product were daily measured. The hydrolysis degree and the electrophoretic pattern of water‐soluble extracts (WSE) of fermented colostrum were analysed. Fractions enriched in peptides with a molecular weight lower than 10 kDa were separated by ultracentrifugation. They showed better modulation of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and cell proliferation, but lower radical scavenging capacity, compared to corresponding WSE.
Assessing immunocompetence in red palm weevil adult and immature stages in response to bacterial challenge and entomopathogenic nematode infection
Authors: Cappa Federico , Torrini Giulia , Mazza Giuseppe , Inghilesi Alberto Francesco , Benvenuti Claudia , Viliani Leonardo , Roversi Pio Federico , Cervo Rita
Published: October 2019

Parasites and pathogens can follow different patterns of infection depending on the host developmental stage or sex. In fact, immune function is energetically costly for hosts and trade‐offs exist between immune defenses and life history traits as growth, development and reproduction and organisms should thus optimize immune defense through their life cycle according to their developmental stage. Identifying the most susceptible target and the most virulent pathogen is particularly important in the case of insect pests, in order to develop effective control strategies targeting the most vulnerable individuals with the most effective control agent. Here, we carried out laboratory tests to identify the most susceptible target of infection by infecting different stages of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (larvae, pupae, male, and female adults) with both a generic pathogen, antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli XL1‐Blue, and two specific strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema carpocapsae ItS‐CAO1 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ItH‐LU1. By evaluating bacterial clearance, host mortality and parasite progeny release, we demonstrate that larvae are more resistant than adults to bacterial challenge and they release less EPNs progeny after infection despite a higher mortality compared to adults. Considering the two EPN strains, S. carpocapsae was more virulent than H. bacteriophora both in terms of host mortality and more abundant progeny released by hosts after death. The outcomes attained with unspecific and specific pathogens provide useful information for a more efficient and sustainable management of this invasive pest.
A practical guide to sample preservation and pre‐PCR processing of aquatic environmental DNA
Authors: Kumar Girish , Eble Jeff E. , Gaither Michelle R.
Published: October 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is rapidly growing in popularity as a tool for community assessments and species detection. While eDNA approaches are now widely applied, there is not yet agreement on best practices for sample collection and processing. Investigators looking to integrate eDNA approaches into their research programme are required to examine a growing collection of disparate studies to make an often uncertain decision about which protocols best fit their needs. To promote the application of eDNA approaches and to encourage the generation of high‐quality data, here we review the most common techniques for the collection, preservation and extraction of metazoan eDNA from water samples. Specifically, we focus on experimental studies that compare various methods and outline the numerous challenges associated with eDNA. While the diverse applications of eDNA do not lend themselves to a one‐size‐fits‐all recommendation, in most cases, capture/concentration of eDNA on cellulose nitrate filters (with pore size determined by water turbidity), followed by storage of filters in Longmire's buffer and extraction with a DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (or similar) has been shown to provide sufficient, high‐quality DNA. However, we also emphasize the importance of testing and optimizing protocols for the system of interest.
Clinical and pathological features of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitides concomitant with IgG4‐related disease
Authors: Ma Yanhong , Chen Liangliang , Xu Ying , Han Quan , Yu Binfeng , Yuan Yuan , Zhao Jie , Yang Yi , Chen Jianghua , Han Fei
Published: October 2019

Aim

The characteristics and the pathogenesis of the concomitant antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitides (AAV) and immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) have not been elucidated.

Method

We included 92 AAV patients with renal biopsy results. Among them, 10 patients met both AAV and IgG4‐RD criteria (concomitant group). The IgG subclasses of myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐ANCA in both serum and renal tissue were measured and complement activation components were detected in serum.

Results

Patients in the concomitant group had both elevated serum IgG4 levels and positive MPO‐ANCA. They had higher levels of eosinophil counts, serum globulin, IgG, IgE and C‐reactive protein than patients in the AAV alone group. All 10 patients had glomerulonephritis with crescents and seven patients also had segmental necrosis of the glomerular capillary wall. Most of them also presented with storiform fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in renal interstitium with IgG4 positive plasma cells more than 10/high‐power field. Eight patients achieved remission with improved renal function, the other two patients were on maintenance dialysis. The IgG4 subclass of MPO‐ANCA was higher in the concomitant group than that in AAV alone group. A merge of IgG4 and MPO immunofluorescence was observed in parts of the mesangium of concomitant AAV and IgG4‐RD patients. For complement components, Bb and mannose‐binding lectin were elevated in serum of concomitant AAV and IgG4‐RD patients.

Conclusion

We showed a new overlap syndrome of AAV and IgG4‐RD, in which the IgG4 subclass of ANCA may be a pathogenic factor.
HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and related factors in Iran: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and trend analysis
Authors: Rahimi Yekta , Gholami Jaleh , Amin‐Esmaeili Masoumeh , Fotouhi Akbar , Rafiemanesh Hosein , Shadloo Behrang , Rahimi‐Movaghar Afarin
Published: October 2019

Aims

In Iran, injecting drug use has been the major route of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. In order to control the HIV epidemic, a harm reduction program was initiated and has been expanded in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide an updated estimate of HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran, investigate prevalence differences over time and assess prevalence correlates.

Design

A comprehensive systematic review was undertaken in the international, regional and national bibliographic databases in November 2018 and extensive contacts with authors were made. For studies conducted before 2005, we used data from a previous published systematic review.

Setting

All studies conducted in Iran were included. Recruitment settings included anywhere except studies conducted in infectious diseases wards or HIV counseling centers.

Participants

PWID with any definition utilized in the studies. Thirty‐six studies were included, which were conducted in 24 of 31 provinces with a sample size of 22 160 PWID.

Measurements

We included studies that had performed HIV testing and had a confirmed diagnosis of HIV through repeating the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western immunoblot assay (WB). Pooled prevalence of HIV was calculated for the total sample and for different subgroups, by available socio‐demographic and behavioral factors. For assessing the trend of HIV prevalence over time, a linear meta‐regression model was fitted separately for before 2007 and during 2007 and afterwards.

Findings

The pooled prevalences of HIV before 2007 and in 2007 and afterwards were 14.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.8–18.9] and 9.7% (95% CI = 7.6–11.9), respectively. HIV prevalence increased until 2005–06 and then slowly declined until 2009–10, which was not significant. Prevalence of HIV was significantly higher in PWID above age 25 years, and in those with history of imprisonment and history of needle/syringe‐sharing. HIV prevalence was higher in men than in women, but the difference was insignificant.

Conclusion

The prevalence of HIV among people who inject drugs in Iran decreased after 2006 which could, at least in part, be attributed to the development of extensive harm reduction programs in the country.
The pathogenic role of autoantibodies in recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: D'Ippolito Silvia , Ticconi Carlo , Tersigni Chiara , Garofalo Serafina , Martino Carmelinda , Lanzone Antonio , Scambia Giovanni , Di Simone Nicoletta
Published: October 2019

In the present manuscript, we review the recent research investigating the pathogenic association between most studied autoantibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss. Pregnancy loss represents a common obstetric complication occurring in about 15%‐25% of all clinically recognized pregnancies. The recurrence of pregnancy loss identifies a distinct clinical entity, that is recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), affecting about 2%‐4% of couples. Several factors, including age, chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, thrombophilic disorders, endocrinopathies, hormonal and metabolic disorders, infections, sperm quality, and lifestyle issues, are involved in RPL. The role of autoantibodies in RPL is only partially determined. In some cases (antiphospholipid antibodies [aPL]), their involvement is well established. In other cases (anti‐thyroid autoantibodies, antinuclear, anti‐transglutaminase, and anti‐endomysial antibodies), it is still debated, despite multiple, although not fully conclusive, evidences strongly suggest a possible involvement in RPL. Further extensive research is needed to definitively confirm or exclude their actual role.
Impact of direct oral anticoagulant off‐label doses on clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation patients: A systematic review
Authors: Santos Joana , António Natália , Rocha Marília , Fortuna Ana
Published: October 2019

Aims

Worldwide observational studies are evidencing discordance between guidelines and real‐world practice regarding direct oral anticoagulant drug (DOAC) doses. This systematic review summarizes and evaluate DOACs use in real‐world practice.

Methods

This review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines searching PubMed (MEDLINE) and Medscape databases.

Results

Data from 75 studies showed that most of the patients treated with DOACs for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation received doses in accordance to the guidelines. However, a significant number of patients received off‐label doses (25–50% in most of the studies evaluated). DOAC overdosing was associated with increased all‐cause mortality and worse bleeding events while underdosing was associated with increased cardiovascular hospitalization and, particularly for apixaban, with a nearly 5‐fold increased risk of stroke.

Conclusion

Patients prescribed with off‐label DOAC doses did not receive the full benefit of anticoagulation and presented an increased risk of stroke, bleeding and/or adverse effects.
Hydroxychloroquine may be beneficial in preeclampsia and recurrent miscarriage
Authors: de Moreuil Claire , Alavi Zarrin , Pasquier Elisabeth
Published: October 2019

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) and vasculoplacental disorders, such as preeclampsia (PE), affect women of childbearing age worldwide. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and immunological impairment are associated with both RM and PE. To date, there is no effective or optimal therapeutic approach for these conditions. Notably, aspirin use is only partially effective in the prevention of PE. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has demonstrated beneficial effects on disease flares, pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular impairment in systemic erythaematosus lupus (SLE) through its immunomodulatory, vasculoprotective and antithrombotic properties. Here, in the context of the underlying physiological dysregulation associated with PE and RM, the beneficial properties and potential therapeutic efficacy of HCQ are reviewed in anticipation of the results of current and future trials. Two related trials addressing RM in the absence of maternal autoimmune disease are ongoing. Other trials addressing pregnancy outcomes in the presence of maternal autoimmune disease are forthcoming. In this review, we hypothesise that the immunological and endothelial effects of HCQ may be beneficial in the context of PE and RM, regardless of the maternal autoimmune status.
Preventable adverse drug events: Descriptive epidemiology
Authors: Woo Stephanie A. , Cragg Amber , Wickham Maeve E. , Villanyi Diane , Scheuermeyer Frank , Hau Jeffrey P. , Hohl Corinne M.
Published: October 2019

Aim

Our objective was to identify preventable adverse drug events and factors contributing to their development.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review combining data from three prospective multicentre observational studies that assessed emergency department patients for adverse drug events. A clinical pharmacist and physician independently reviewed the charts, extracted data and rated the preventability of each adverse drug event. A third reviewer adjudicated all discordant or uncertain cases. We calculated the proportion of adverse drug events that were deemed preventable, performed multivariable logistic regression to explore the characteristics of patients with preventable events, and identified contributing factors.

Results

We reviewed the records of 1 356 adverse drug events in 1 234 patients. Raters considered 869 (64.1%) of adverse drug events probably or definitely preventable. Patients with mental health diagnoses (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.5) and diabetes (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.4) were more likely to present with preventable events. The medications most commonly implicated in preventable events were warfarin (9.4%), hydrochlorothiazide (4.5%), furosemide (4.0%), insulin (3.9%) and acetylsalicylic acid (2.7%). Common contributing factors included inadequate patient instructions, monitoring and follow‐up, and reassessments after medication changes had been made.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that patients with mental health conditions and diabetes require close monitoring. Efforts to address the identified contributing factors are needed.
Forests affected by frequent and intense typhoons challenge the intermediate disturbance hypothesis
Authors: Wang Lixin , Lin Teng‐Chiu
Published: October 2019

Tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons) are extreme disturbances that have a significant impact on ecosystem structure and processes. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) generalizes disturbance–diversity relationships but its validity is hotly debated. The IDH has been challenged both theoretically and with results from experimental studies; however, few studies have empirically tested the proposed mechanisms of IDH using results from the actual ecosystems. In this commentary, based on empirical observations from studies on the interactions between tropical cyclones and forest dynamics, we outlined seven possible outcomes of gap dynamics and tree diversity as a result of different frequency and intensity combinations. We argue that the lack of distinction and differentiation between disturbance intensity and severity, and the overlooked role of tree mortality, seedling recruitment, and tree adaptations limit the applicability of IDH in predicting the disturbance–diversity relationship. In the era of climate change characterized with more frequent climate extremes and natural disturbances, we should move beyond the generalizations and directly address the processes leading to the observed disturbance–diversity relationships to make reliable predictions.

Abstract in Chinese is available with online material.
Children’s Intuitive Theories of Academic Performance
Authors: Muradoglu Melis , Cimpian Andrei
Published: October 2019

How do children reason about academic performance across development? A classic view suggests children’s intuitive theories in this domain undergo qualitative changes. According to this view, older children and adults consider both effort and skill as sources of performance (i.e., a “performance = effort + skill” theory), but younger children can only consider effort (i.e., a “performance = effort” theory). Results from two studies (N = 240 children aged 4–9) contradict the claim of theory change, suggesting instead that children as young as 4 operate with an intuitive theory of academic performance that incorporates both effort and skill as explanatory concepts. This work reveals that children’s understanding of academic performance is more continuous across development than previously assumed.
Identifying and managing patients at risk of severe allergic reactions to food: Report from two iFAAM workshops
Authors: Roberts Graham , Allen Katie , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Clark Andrew , Crevel Rene , Dunn Galvin Audrey , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Grimshaw Kate E. C. , Hourihane Jonathan O’B , Poulsen Lars K. , van Ree Ronald , Regent Lynn , Remington Ben , Schnadt Sabine , Turner Paul J. , Mills E. N. Clare
Published: October 2019

Food allergy affects a small but important number of children and adults. Much of the morbidity associated with food allergy is driven by the fear of a severe reaction and fatalities continue to occur. Foods are the commonest cause of anaphylaxis. One of the aims of the European Union‐funded Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management (iFAAM) project was to improve the identification and management of children and adults at risk of experiencing a severe reaction. A number of interconnected studies within the project have focused on quantifying the severity of allergic reactions; the impact of food matrix, immunological factors on severity of reactions; the impact of co‐factors such as medications on the severity of reactions; utilizing single‐dose challenges to understand threshold and severity of reactions; and community studies to understand the experience of patients suffering real‐life allergic reactions to food. Associated studies have examined population thresholds and co‐factors such as exercise and stress. This paper summarizes two workshops focused on the severity of allergic reactions to food. It outlines the related studies being undertaken in the project indicating how they are likely to impact on our ability to identify individuals at risk of severe reactions and improve their management.
Multidisziplinäre Langzeitbetreuung und zeitgemäße chirurgische Therapie kongenitaler melanozytärer Nävi – Empfehlungen des Netzwerks Nävuschirurgie
Authors: Ott Hagen , Krengel Sven , Beck Otfrid , Böhler Kornelia , Böttcher‐Haberzeth Sophie , Cangir Özlem , Fattouh Miriam , Häberle Beate , Hüging Martina , Königs Ingo , Kosch Ferdinand , Rok Kralj , Marathovouniotis Nicos , Meyer Lutz , Neuhaus Kathrin , Rothe Karin , Schiestl Clemens , Sinnig Mechthild , Theiler Martin , von der Heydt Susanne , Wälchli Regula , Weibel Lisa , Wendenburg Wera , Breuninger Helmut
Published: October 2019

In den letzten Jahren hat sich unser Wissensstand zu kongenitalen melanozytären Nävi (KMN) stark erweitert. Die Autoren, eine interdisziplinäre Gruppe von Ärzten und Ärztinnen mit umfangreicher Erfahrung in der Langzeitbetreuung und chirurgischen Therapie von Kindern und Erwachsenen mit KMN (Netzwerk Nävuschirurgie, NNC), geben hier eine Stellungnahme zur Indikationsstellung, Planung und Durchführung einer Behandlung unter diesen neuen Prämissen ab. Die Beratung der Eltern zum konservativen und/oder operativen Management von KMN muss im interdisziplinären Austausch stattfinden und zu einer individuellen Planung des oft mehrstufigen Prozesses führen. Hierbei steht das ästhetische Langzeitergebnis, nicht die Melanomprophylaxe, im Mittelpunkt. Bei keinem KMN gilt die Prämisse der „Entfernung um jeden Preis“. Mögliche therapiebedingte Nebenwirkungen (Hospitalisation, Wundheilungsstörungen etc.) müssen sorgfältig mit den Erfolgsaussichten abgewogen werden. Unter diesen Gesichtspunkten ist insbesondere die Methode der Dermabrasion zu hinterfragen. Auf einer Tagung des NNC im September 2018 wurde eine konsentierte Wertung erarbeitet, nach der die Dermabrasion häufig zu Wundheilungsstörungen sowie zu kosmetisch ungünstiger oder hypertropher Narbenbildung führen kann und sehr häufig mit einer oft erst Jahre später auftretenden Repigmentierung assoziiert ist. Zudem ist kein Nutzen im Sinne einer Melanomprophylaxe erkennbar. Daher sollte in Zukunft sorgfältig auf die möglichen Risiken und den oft limitierten kosmetischen Nutzen der Dermabrasion hingewiesen werden.
Tip‐in endoscopic mucosal resection for R0 resection of a poorly lifted colonic laterally spreading tumor with possible submucosal invasion
Authors: Shumeiko Oleksandr , Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi
Published: October 2019

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Convergent metatarsal fusion in jerboas and chickens is mediated by similarities and differences in the patterns of osteoblast and osteoclast activities
Authors: Gutierrez Haydee L. , Tsutsumi Rio , Moore Talia Y. , Cooper Kimberly L.
Published: October 2019

In many vertebrate animals that run or leap, the metatarsals and/or metacarpals of the distal limb are fused into a single larger element, likely to resist fracture due to high ground‐reaction forces during locomotion. Although metapodial fusion evolved independently in modern birds, ungulates, and jerboas, the developmental basis has only been explored in chickens, which diverged from the mammalian lineage approximately 300 million years ago. Here, we use a bipedal rodent, the lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), to understand the cellular processes of metatarsal fusion in a mammal, and we revisit the developing chicken to assess similarities and differences in the localization of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. In both species, adjacent metatarsals align along flat surfaces, osteoblasts cross the periosteal membrane to unite the three elements in a single circumference, and osteoclasts resorb bone at the interfaces leaving a single marrow cavity. However, the pattern of osteoclast activity differs in each species; osteoclasts are highly localized to resorb bone at the interfaces of neighboring jerboa metatarsals and are distributed throughout the endosteum of chicken metatarsals. Each species, therefore, provides an opportunity to understand mechanisms that pattern osteoblast and osteoclast activities to alter bone shape during development and evolution.
Optogenetic and chemogenetic insights into the neurocircuitry of depression‐like behaviour: A systematic review
Authors: Biselli Tom , Lange Susen Sophie , Sablottny Lynn , Steffen Johannes , Walther Andreas
Published: October 2019

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment are challenges for global health. Optogenetics and chemogenetics are driving MDD research forward by unveiling causal relations between cell­type‐specific control of neurons and depressive‐like behaviour in rodents. Using a systematic search process, in this review, a set of 43 original studies applying optogenetic or chemogenetic techniques in rodent models of depression was identified. Our aim was to provide an examination of all available studies elucidating central neuronal mechanisms leading to depressive‐like behaviour in rodents and thereby unveiling the most promising routes for future research. A complex interacting network of relevant structures, in which central circuitries causally related to depressive‐like behaviour are implicated, has been identified. As most relevant structures emerge: medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and raphe nuclei. Further evidence, though examined by only few studies, emerges for structures like the lateral habenula, or medial dorsal thalamus. Most of the identified brain areas have previously been associated with MDD neuropathology, but now evidence can be provided for causal pathological mechanisms within a complex cortico‐limbic reward circuitry. However, the studies also show conflicting results concerning the mechanisms underlying the causal involvement of specific circuitries. Comparability of studies is partly limited since even small deviations in methodological approaches lead to different outcomes. Factors influencing study outcomes were identified and need to be considered in future studies (e.g. frequency used for stimulation, time and duration of stimulation, limitations of applied animal models of MDD).
Interspecific synchrony of seed rain shapes rodent‐mediated indirect seed–seed interactions of sympatric tree species in a subtropical forest
Authors: Yang Xifu , Yan Chuan , Gu Haifeng , Zhang Zhibin
Published: October 2019

Animal‐mediated indirect interactions play a significant role in maintaining the biodiversity of plant communities. Less known is whether interspecific synchrony of seed rain can alter the indirect interactions of sympatric tree species. We assessed the seed dispersal success by tracking the fates of 21 600 tagged seeds from six paired sympatric tree species in both monospecific and mixed plots across 4 successive years in a subtropical forest. We found that apparent mutualism was associated with the interspecific synchrony of seed rain both seasonally and yearly, whereas apparent competition or apparent predation was associated with interspecific asynchrony of seed rain either seasonally or yearly. We did not find consistent associations of indirect interactions with seed traits. Our study suggests that the interspecific synchrony of seed rain plays a key role in the formation of animal‐mediated indirect interactions, which, in turn, may alter the seasonal or yearly seed rain schedules of sympatric tree species.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles: A new way to decipher host‐microbiota communications in inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: Dagnelie Marie‐Ange , Corvec Stéphane , Khammari Amir , Dréno Brigitte
Published: October 2019

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayered lipid membrane structures, bearing integral proteins and able to carry diverse cargo outside the cell to distant sites. In microorganisms, EVs carry several types of molecules: proteins, glycoproteins, mRNAs and small RNA species, as mammalian EVs do, but also carbohydrates. Studying EVs opens a whole new world of possibilities to better understand the interplay between host and bacteria crosstalks, although there are still many questions to be answered in the field, especially when it comes to microbiota‐derived EVs. In this review, we propose to summarize and analyse the current literature about bacterial EVs and possible clinical applications, through answering three main questions: (a) What are bacterial EVs? (b) What are EV impacts on skin inflammatory disease physiopathology? (iii) What are the possible and expected clinical applications of EVs to treat inflammatory skin diseases?
Improving Parent Emotion Socialization Practices: Piloting Tuning in to Kids in Iran for Children With Disruptive Behavior Problems
Authors: Aghaie Meybodi Fateme , Mohammadkhani Parvaneh , Pourshahbaz Abbas , Dolatshahi Behrooz , Havighurst Sophie S.
Published: October 2019

Objective

To evaluate Tuning in to Kids (TIK), an emotion‐focused parenting program for mothers and preschool children with disruptive behavior problems in Iran.

Background

Disruptive behaviors occur in approximately 23% of Iranian children and are associated with poorer emotional competence. The TIK parenting program was used to improve children's emotion competence and behavior by focusing on parent emotion socialization practices and emotion‐coaching skills.

Method

Fifty‐four children (3–6 years of age) were screened for behavior problems and randomly assigned to intervention or waitlist control conditions. Mothers in the intervention condition attended a six‐session version of the TIK program with two booster sessions at 2‐month intervals. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing children's behavior and emotional competence as well as parents' emotional socialization and emotion regulation at preintervention, postintervention, and 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

Compared with those in the control condition, mothers in the intervention condition reported statistically lower emotion dismissive parenting, child behavior problems, and emotion lability, as well as more emotion coaching.

Conclusion

TIK shows promise as a way of enhancing parent emotion socialization resulting in improved child behavior and emotional competence in children with disruptive behavior problems.

Implications

The findings suggest the program is a useful addition to existing parenting programs used in Iran.
Theses and Dissertations Completed in Family and Consumer Sciences: 2018
Authors: Wilmarth Melissa J. , Ingram Suzannah
Published: October 2019

The annual survey of graduate programs in family and consumer sciences at U.S. universities and colleges was conducted in summer 2019. The goal was to compile a list of theses and dissertations from all areas of family and consumer sciences completed in 2018. E‐mails requesting information regarding completed theses and dissertations were sent to institutions with identified family and consumer sciences programs. A total of 33 colleges and universities responded to the request for information. In 2018, 250 theses and 167 dissertations were completed. The following report includes the information provided by institutional respondents by subject category.