bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microorganisms contamination in street food at An Cuu ward, Hue city
Authors: Pham Thi Ngoc Lan , Ngo Thi Bao Chau , Tran Thi Hoang Oanh ,   College of Science, Hue University,   College of Science, Hue University,   Danang Biotechnology Center
Published: January 2021

One hundred and sixteen samples of mussel noodle and mussel rice were surveyed for microorganisms contamination at An Cuu ward, Hue city. The ratio of samples meeting the requirements of the total aerobic microorganisms in mussel rice, mussel rice with soup, mussel noodle samples was of 0.9%, 1.7% and 2.6%, respectively. On the other hand, the proportion of samples meeting the requirements of total yeast and mold criteria in mussel rice, mussel rice with soup, and mussel noodle samples was of 5.1%, 4.3%, and 3.4%, respectively. Moreover, 100% samples failed to meet the requirements of the Ministry of Health regarding the Coliforms criteria, while Clostridium were not detected. Interestingly, seasonal fluctuation in microorganism contamination was observed. The contamination seems to be heavier in summer (April and May) than in spring (January and February).
Prevalance of vibrio SPP. Isolated from aquaculture and environment in Cai Be district, Tien Giang province
Authors: HUYNH NGOC TRUONG ,   Viet Tin Analysis Testing Company Limited
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of Vibrio spp. incommercial seafood and the aquaculture water collected in Cai Be district, Tien Giang province, Viet Nam was studied. More than five hundred samples including 311 aquaculture water samples and 190 seafood samples were collected and analyzed. The results showed that there were 161 water samples and 82 seafood samples containing 8 species of Vibrio spp. Among those V. parahaemolyticus, V. mimicus, and V. alginolyticus were the most abundant.
Quantitative determination of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin from dietary supplements using HPLC-UV
Authors: Nguyen Huong Giang , Do Ngoc Nhan , Pham Van Son , Nguyen Bui Duy , Ngo Thi Lu , Le Minh Hai ,   Ho Chi Minh City Center for the Quality Control of Food, Drug and Cosmetics,   Ho Chi Minh City Center for the Quality Control of Food, Drug and Cosmetics,   Food Safety Management Authority of Ho Chi Minh City,   Food Safety Management Authority of Ho Chi Minh City,   Ho Chi Minh City Center for the Quality Control of Food, Drug and Cosmetics,   Food Safety Management Authority of Ho Chi Minh City
Published: January 2021

A simple, sensitive and reliable method was developed and applied to determine curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) (curcuminoid) in dietary supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using UV detector (HPLC-UV). The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of curcuminoids were found to be 10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The calibration curve showed good linearity for the three compounds (R2 > 0,999). The average recovery rates of curcuminoid at three spiked levels ranged from 90.3% to 106.7% and the relative standard deviations were less than 2.0%. The method has also been successfully applied to analyze curcuminoid in the real samples collected in Ho Chi Minh City.
Determination of sibutramine and phenolphthalein in weight­loss tea, coffee, and milk by ultra-­performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry UPLC­-MS/MS
Authors: Truong Van Than , Nguyen Thanh Duy , Ly Tuan Kiet , Hoang Ngoc Vinh , Chu Van Hai ,   Center of Analytical Services and Experimentation Ho Chi Minh City,   Center of Analytical Services and Experimentation Ho Chi Minh City,   Center of Analytical Services and Experimentation Ho Chi Minh City,   Center of Analytical Services and Experimentation Ho Chi Minh City,   Center of Analytical Services and Experimentation Ho Chi Minh City
Published: January 2021

A rapid, simply and effective method using ultra­performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) detection was developed in order to determine sibutramine and phenolphthalein in weight­loss tea, coffee, and milk. QuEChERS technique was used for cleaning­up sample matrices. The extracts were separated on C18 LC columns using the gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in distilled water and acetonitrile. The recoveries at the concentration of 50 µg/kg were from 90.1 to 105.8% (with RSDR of 4.04 ­ 4.24%), from 91.9 to 100.2% (with RSDR of 3.20 ­ 4.71%), and from 86.5 to 100.5% (with RSDR of 5.17 ­ 5.49%) for weight­loss tea, coffee, and milk, respectively. Method quantitation limits were of 30 µg/kg.
Fabrication of surface­enhanced raman scattering ­- sers ZnO nanostructured/ nano Ag for rhodamine 6gdetection
Authors: Le Thi Minh Huyen , Nguyen Huong Giang , Dao Anh Tuan , Pham Tran Tuan , Vu Hoang Uy , Nguyen Hoang Viet , Le Vu Tuan Hung ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City,   Ho Chi Minh City Center for the Quality Control of Food, Drug and Cosmetics, Food Safety Management Authority of Ho Chi Minh City,   Engineering Physics, University of Sciences, National University,   Engineering Physics, University of Sciences, National University,   Engineering Physics, University of Sciences, National University,   Engineering Physics, University of Sciences, National University,   Engineering Physics, University of Sciences, National University
Published: January 2021

In recent years, scientists have been focusing on ways to enhance Raman signals by surface plasmon resonance effect ­ SERS. This method allows detections of trace pesticide residues, because it helps identifying molecules at very low concentrations without destroying or discoloring samples. Therefore, the SERS method opens a new step in the study of physics, materials science, medical diagnostics, identification of new drugs, etc. In this study, nanostructured ZnO material were manufactured by DC magnetron sputtering method. The Ag nanoparticles were, then, modified on ZnO surface by DC magnetron sputtering method. The material was proved to be able to improve the detection of Rhodamine 6G reagent at trace levels. The enhancement factor of SERS was of more than 106.
Simultaneous determination of steviol glycosides in stevia by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Luu Thi Huyen Trang , Doan Thi Thanh Huong , Vu Thi Trang , Tran Cao Son , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Nguyen Thi Minh Loi ,   National Institute for Food Control,   VNU University of Science ­ Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   VNU University of Science ­ Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   Quang Binh University
Published: January 2021

A method for determination of steviol glucosides in stevia using high performance liquid chromatography was developed and validated. The compounds were extracted from the matrices with methanol for 60 minutes, cleaned by Oasis HLB column and then determined by HPLC using C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 µm) and PDA detector. The calibration curves were linear in range of 1 to 100 μg/mL; the RSD was of 1.39 ­ 2.85%; and the recovery was of 93 ­ 105%. The method was applied to analyze 09 stevia samples collected from markets in Hanoi (including dry stevia rebaudiana, stevia powder). The results showed that composition of steviol glycosides differs from sample to sample. Besides, stevioside and rebaudioside A are the most abundant steviol glycosides in the samples.
Simultaneous determination of four ergot alkaloids in food using liquid chromatography tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Authors: Tran Cao Son , Tran Hoang Giang , Nguyen Thi Men , Nguyen Thi Ha Binh , Le Dinh Chi , Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong ,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control
Published: January 2021

A simple and accurate LC-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of four ergot alkaloids (EAs) including ergosine, ergocryptine, ergocristine and ergocorsine in food. The studied EAs were extracted and cleaned up using QuEChERS technique then separated using C18 column and quantified by MS/MS detector. The positive ESI source was used in this study together with multi-reactive ion monitoring mode. The method, which has been validated according to AOAC International requirements, showed good specificity, with the linearity varying from 5.0 µg/kg to 100 µg/kg, the LODs and LOQs were 0.3 µg/kg and 1.0 µg/kg; the repeatability and recovery were from 3.7 to 12.5 % and 90.6 - 102.8% respectively. The method has been applied to determine the EAs concentration in 90 corn, wheat and cereal samples, of which no samples were detected with the studied EAs.
Evaluation of microbiological and heavy metal safety assessment of Phellinus linteus mass powder from submerged fermentation
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen , Tran Thi Hoa , Ninh Thi Tuyet Lan , Pham Thi Le , Do Thi Men , Tran Thi Hien ,   Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,   Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,   Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,   Falcuty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   Falcuty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   Falcuty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: January 2021

Phellinus linteus is known to be a medicinal mushroom which is very good to human health. They are used as medicinal mushroom in many Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, China, Thailand and Vietnam. Because of long time growth and over-havest by humans in natural conditions, they are artificially cultured in these countries. There were advances of liquid culture of mushroom such as time saving and scaleable in culture in comparison with culturing of mushroom in decaying wood. In this study, Phellinus linteus is cultured in optimum liquid medium, lyophilized, ground into fine powder and evaluated for microbiological and total of Asen and Lead to ensure the biomass product will meet safety standards for users. Results are as follows: Total of anaerobic bacteria 2,2 × 10­4 CFU/g, Coliforms< 1,0 × 101 CFU/g, Coagulase positive with Staphylococci <1,0×101 CFU/g, total amount of yeast-mold < 1,0 × 101 CFU/g, not detected of E.coli, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp.. Furthermore, we did not find any Asen and Lead which are supposed to remain in our sample.
Social Conflict in Rural Regions and Firm Ownership: Evidence from the Mining Sector in Latin America
Authors: Chong Alberto , Haslam Paul Alexander
Published: January 2021

Using firm-level data for five countries in Latin America we find a negative and statistically significant link between social conflict in rural areas and ownership of mines. This result suggests that the social conflict around mining projects can affect strategic firm behavior intended to diversify risk in the face of social, political and financial pressures. It constitutes evidence that the costs of social conflict can be considered a serious challenge for firms and diverges from the literature which has generally viewed these costs as relatively unimportant to investment decisions. We apply broad sensitivity tests and find that this is robust. Our results also hold to a formal test of changes in specification.
Simulation and Analysis of Biogas operated Double Effect GAX Absorption Refrigeration System
Authors: Rao G. Subba , Lakshminarayana Vemuri
Published: January 2021

A thermodynamic simulation of a double effect generator heat exchanger absorption refrigeration cycle using biogas as source of energy has been carried out. The binary mixture considered in the present investigation was NH3 – H2O (Ammonia - Water). This simulation was performed in order to investigate the effect of the temperature and pressure of the high temperature generator and the pressure of evaporator have over the Coefficient of Performance (COP) for a constant condenser and absorber temperatures. The basic parameters at various state points of the cycle was computed using standard correlations. The solution circulation rates and volume of biogas required for operation of the cycle are analysed for the variations in operating parameters at the high temperature generator and evaporator.
Modelling District Energy Distribution System For Least Load Shedding
Authors: Kale Geeta.Laxmanrao. , Shinde N.N.
Published: January 2021

The secondary energy consumption is forurban & rural sectors. The electricity generated at power plants at 11KV is transmitted & distributed to end utilities through 11/220, 220/110/33, 110/33, 33/11 transformers. In urban areas the major district energy distribution is planned by on demand through LT, HT distribution system. On an average LT HT consumer is further classified as Residential, Commercial, Industrial, & Agricultural/ others having consumptions of 25% , 13%, 53%, & 9% respectively. In urban areas the micro level preliminary studies shows that Agricultural (1%), Street light (2%) Water works 4%, Shopping malls / Advertising /Temporary supply etc. (2%), cumulatively contributes 9% energy consumptions. Due to deficiencies in energy supply side management demand is not met & load shedding & equivalent measures are taken. A case study for local energy distribution company urban division was taken & evaluated for shortfall in Electrical energy supply. A mathematical model is developed taking into consideration the objectives like least load shedding, supply & demand side management,& was analyzed for consumption patterns in end utilities & was optimized for decision making . The model helps to forecast demand side load management system including growth rate analysis.
Ducting Optimization – A Case Study
Authors: Hemalatha C. , Radhakrishnan T. , Sankaranarayanasamy K.
Published: January 2021

Ducting system in a power plant is a conduit connecting one system to another through which either cold air or hot air or flue gas with ash is conveyed for continuous operation of the plant. To perform this function properly, careful design of ducting is required to take care of the stresses and forces exerted by various loadings and thermal expansion of the ducting and equipment it connects under given pressure and temperature. Ducting can be of any configuration viz. square, rectangular, circular, straight or bend, elbow or any other irregular shape. The design of large air and gas ducts is an extremely complex task which should meet both mechanical and structural design criteria. The purpose of ducts is to efficiently convey the air or flue gas from one location to another while maintaining the pressure drop and temperature drop as low as possible. This paper discusses about the optimization in the design engineering of the duct system.
Effects of Rapid Preheating and Solution Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AA2618 Forged Samples
Authors: Reddy A. Chennakesava
Published: January 2021

The microstructural and mechanical characteristics of rapid radiation heating and convection gas-fired heating on AA2618 forged samples have been studied. The rapid heating obtains refinement in grain size. The mechanical properties are greater in the AA2618 samples of rapid radiation heating.
ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION STUDIES FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ROTOR POSITION IN SENSORLESS BLDC
Authors: PILLAI NEETHI S. , K SALITHA , ABRAHAM CHIKKU
Published: January 2021

Initial rotor position information is essential for brushless dc motor in order to ensure its stable operation. A simple method for determining the initial rotor position of a sensor less brushless dc motor at standstill is discussed in the paper. The principle behind the rotor position estimation is based on simple detection and comparison of phase voltages and dc link current responses thus relating it with stator inductances. The advantage of this method of estimation of rotor position is that it requires only three voltage pulse injection, and a resolution of 30o is achieved. Moreover no other parameters of the machine are required. The effectiveness of the method is validated by simulation results in Matlab Simulink platform.
H∞BASEDOBSERVER FOR DISTURBANCE COMPENSATION IN DECOUPLED TRMS USING LMI OPTIMIZATION
Authors: S LEKSHMI , JACOB JEEVAMMA
Published: January 2021

Twin Rotor MIMO System is a laboratory model of helicopter. In this paper, the problem of disturbance rejection in TRMS is dealt with. Using disturbance observers, without any additional sensors is an attractive method to attenuate the effects of disturbances as they are highly cost effective. This method uses a simple form of DOBs, which does not need to solve the plant model inverse, and uses H∞control method using LMIs to design the Q-filter in the DOB. The estimation capability of DOB is verified using simulation results in frequency domain as well as in time domain.
EARLY ESTIMATION OF DELAY IN BINARY TO BCD CONVERTOR
Authors: NARSIMHAM D. JOTHSNA , SAROJINI P. LAKSHMI
Published: January 2021

A novel high speed architecture for fixed bit binary to BCD conversion which is better in terms of delay is presented in this paper. In recent years, decimal data processing applications have grown and thus there is a need to have hardware support for decimal arithmetic. Decimal digit multipliers are having Binary to BCD conversion as the basic building block. This decimal multiplication in turn is an integral part of commercial, internet and financial based applications.
CONTROL AND ESTIMATION OF BIOLOGICAL SIGNALS (ECG) USING ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
Authors: MAHANTY SUSHANTA , RANJAN ALOK
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a simple and efficient adaptive noise removal technique for de-noising the (ECG) signal. There are different techniques earlier used for de-noising the ECG signal ,adaptive filtration like least mean square (LMS), NLMS, BLMS , etc. In this paper we used recursive least square technique for adaptive filtration. The power line noises have been implemented according to their basic properties. After that, these noises have been mixed with ECG signal and nullify these noises using the LMS,NLMS and the RLS algorithms. Finally a performance study has been done between these algorithms based on their parameters and also discussed the effect of filter length and the corresponding signal to noise ratio. Results indicate that the noises cannot be handled by the LMS filtering whereas the RLS can handle these types of noises. Furthermore, most of the cases the RLS has achieved best effective noise cancellation performance although its computation time is slightly high. We are using the RLS Algorithm by matlab for simulation.
MUTUAL COUPLING EFFECT ON MIMO ANTENNA
Authors: KALAMKAR BHUSHAN R. , KHADE SACHIN S. , BADJATE B.L.
Published: January 2021

To reduce mutual coupling effect on MIMO Antenna this paper presents the analysis of bent ground plane antennas for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO). First, the three plate antenna array patterns of the envelope correlation coefficients are proposed to evaluate the diversity performance of antennas in MIMO systems. Following this, a compact three-element suspended plate antenna array with a bent ground plane is presented. The diversity performance of the design is experimentally and numerically analysed.
A LOW PHASE NOISE, POWER EFFICIENT VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR USING 0.18-μM CMOS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: SAMASGIKAR AJIT
Published: January 2021

A low phase noise, power efficient VCO using UMC 0.18μm CMOS technology has been proposed in this paper. The proposed VCO has a tuning range of 9.71GHz to 9.9GHz, with a phase noise of -79.88 dBc/Hz @ 600kHz offset. The Vtune ranging between 1V - 1.5V generates sustained oscillations. The maximum power consumption of the VCO is 11.9mW using a supply voltage of 1.8V with ±10% variation.
EFFECTS OF A BARRIER LAYER IN INGAAS CHANNEL MOSFETS FOR ANALOG/ MIXED SIGNAL SYSTEM-ON-CHIP APPLICATIONS
Authors: TEWARI SUCHISMITA , BISWAS ABHIJIT , MALLIK ABHIJIT
Published: January 2021

Addition of a barrier layer in an InGaAs MOSFET, which shows promise for high performance logic applications due to enhanced electron mobility, further improves the electron mobility. We report, for the first time, a detailed investigation of the impact of different barrier layers on the analog performance of an InGaAs MOSFET. The device parameters for analog applications, such as transconductance (gm), transconductance-to-drive current ratio (gm/IDS), drain conductance (gd), intrinsic gain, and unity-gain cutoff frequency (fT) are studied with the help of a device simulator. A barrier layer is found to improve the analog performance of such a device in general; with a double-barrier layer showing the best performance.
NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION USING A NOVEL IMMUNE ARTIFICIAL FISH SWARM ALGORITHM
Authors: KUMAR RITESH , SAHAY NISHANT
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a functional link artificial neural network(FLANN) model trained using a modified fish swarm optimization (FSO) algorithm for nonlinear system identification. The system modelling problem has been reformulated as an optimization problem. The FSO algorithm has been modified by incorporating the immunity features of the artificial immune systems. Simulation study reveals improved performance of the proposed algorithm over the conventional FSO algorithm for nonlinear system identification.
IMPLEMENTATION OF 32-BIT HIGH-VALENCY LING ADDER IN MODIFIED FIR FILTER USING APC-OMS APPROACH
Authors: KUMAR K. V. SURESH , ALI S. SHABBIR , CHITRA E.
Published: January 2021

Ling Adder is an advanced architecture of Parallel prefix adders. Parallel Prefix adders are used for efficient VLSI implementation of binary number additions. Ling architecture offers a faster carry computation stage compared to the conventional parallel prefix adders. Ling adders help to reduce the complexity as well as the delay of the adder further. In many computers and other kinds of processors, adders are used not only in the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALUs), but also in other parts of the processor. Thus the delay in adders has to be decreased as maximum as possible to make the system faster. In particular, valency or the number of inputs to a single node is explored as a design parameter. High-valency Ling adders have superior area x delay characteristics over previously reported Ling-based or non-Ling based adders for the same input size. In DSP, even the multipliers require a large number of logic gates that consumes more area, power and delay. Hence, the lookup table can be used for performing computation which requires less area. Therefore, APC and OMS are the two techniques implemented in Lookup table so as to reduce the size to one-fourth of its conventional multiplier. This proposed combination of both Lookup table Multiplier and Ling adder has a better area and delay measurement.
IMPLEMENTATION OF TAGUCHI APPROACH FOR PTIMIZATION OF ABRASIVE WATER JET MACHINING PROCESS PARAMETERS
Authors: NAGDEVE LEELADHAR , CHATURVEDI VEDANSH , VIMAL JYOTI
Published: January 2021

In this paper, Taguchi method is applied to find optimum process parameter for Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM). Abrasive water jet machining is a non–traditional process of removal of material by impact erosion of high pressure, high velocity of water and entrained high velocity of grit abrasives on a work piece. Experimental investigation were conducted to assess the influence of abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) process parameters on MRR and surface Roughness (Ra) of aluminium. The approach was based on Taguchi’s method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to optimize the AWJM process parameter for effective machining and to predict the optimal choice for each AWJM parameter such as pressure, standoff distance, Abrasive flow rate and Traverse rate. For each combination of orthogonal array we have conducted three experiments and with the help of ANOVA it is found that these parameters have a significant influence on machining characteristics such as metal removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). The analysis of the Taguchi method reveals that, in general the standoff distance significantly affects the MRR while, Abrasive flow rate affects the surface Roughness. Experiments are carried out using (L9) orthogonal array by varying pressure, sta
VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS OF QUARTER CAR VEHICLE DYNAMIC SYSTEM SUBJECTED TO HARMONIC EXCITATION BY ROAD SURFACE
Authors: SAWANT S. H. , BELWALKAR MRUNALINEE V. , KAMBLE MANORAMA A. , KHOT PUSHPA B. , PATIL DIPALI D.
Published: January 2021

A front suspension of Hyundai Elantra 1992 model is assigned as quarter car model and is considered for the performance study. Modeling the dynamic performance of an automobile car system represents a complex task and forms an important step in its design procedure. In this paper the stationary response of quarter car vehicle model moving with a constant velocity over a rough road is considered for the performance study. For this a simplified model and experimental set up is developed. The deterministic impulses due to road profile are given by an eccentric cam which gives input motion to front suspension acting as a follower of the cam. The displacements obtained by FFT analyzer at upper mount of shock absorber were compared with the analytical and MATLAB results.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF C.I. ENGINE WITH COTTON SEED OIL
Authors: RANGANATHAN SHYAM KUMAR , GANDAMWAD ANIL , BAWANKURE MAYUR
Published: January 2021

The paper describe the comparative performance of single cylinder diesel engine with direct use of cotton seed oil methyl ester and preheated condition at variable temperature such as 50, 70 and 90oC.The properties such as viscosity, flash point, pour point were experimentally measured of COME, thus obtained are comparable with ASM biodiesel standards. The COME has been tested in single cylinder four stroke diesel engine coupled with rope brake dynamometer, such as BSFC, BTE, B.S.E.C. are calculated and exhaust gas temperature were measured. The experiment was carried out varying load at constant speed. The results revealed that preheating COME up to 90oC at higher load lead to increase in brake thermal efficiency is 2 % as compared to diesel fuel and brake specific fuel consumption increases at higher load as compared to diesel fuel. There is no significant change found in brake power where as exhaust gas temperature of all preheated biodiesel COME is high and break specific energy consumption required to preheat COME is high as compared to diesel. However, the optimum conditions for biodiesel production are suggested in this paper. A maximum of 76% biodiesel was produced with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5%pottasium hydroxide.
ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM (ABS): IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ALONG WITH ITS ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: KHARE MAYANK
Published: January 2021

This paper presents Anti-Lock Brake System. It is a system which is installed on vehicles to eliminate wheel lockup and prevent skidding. this helps drivers to maintain control during stops on low traction surfaces and in emergency stopping situations. In addition to thedirect benefit of greater directional control, the improved vehicle control offered by ABS reduces the potential for trailer swing-out and jack-knifing of combination vehicles. Moreover, this system has its own practical applications and limitations which are enlisted further.
FETAL CARDIAC STRUCTURE DETECTION FROM ULTRASOUND SEQUENCES
Authors: JACOB RESHMI MARIAM REJI , PRABAKAR S. , PORKUMARAN DR.K.
Published: January 2021

Fetal heart abnormalities are the most common congenital anomalies and are also the leading cause of infant mortality related to birth defects. More than one-third of all malformations found after delivery are congenital heart defects. The prenatal detection of fetal cardiac structure is difficult because of its small size and rapid movements but is important for the early and effective diagnosis of congenital cardiac defects. A novel method is proposed for the detection of fetal cardiac structure from ultrasound sequences. An initial pre-processing is done to remove noise and enhance the images. An effective K means clustering algorithm is applied to the images to segment the region of interest. Finally an active appearance model is proposed to detect the structure of fetal heart.
Similarity Measures for Automatic Defect Detection on Patterned Textures
Authors: Asha V. , Nagabhushan P. , Bhajantri N. U.
Published: January 2021

Similarity measures are widely used in various applications such as information retrieval, image and object recognition, text retrieval, and web data search. In this paper, we propose similarity-based methods for defect detection on patterned textures using five different similarity measures, viz., Normalized Histogram Intersection Coefficient, Bhattacharyya Coefficient, Pearson Product-moment Correlation Coefficient, Jaccard Coefficient and Cosine-angle Coefficient. Periodic blocks are extracted from each input defective image and similarity matrix is obtained based on the similarity coefficient of histogram of each periodic block with respect to itself and other all periodic blocks. Each similarity matrix is transformed into dissimilarity matrix containing true-distance metrics and Ward’s hierarchical clustering is performed to discern between defective and defect-free blocks. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated for each similarity measure based on precision, recall and accuracy for various real fabric images with defects such as broken end, hole, thin bar, thick bar, netting multiple, knot, and missing pick.
Illumination Insensitive Face Recognition Using Gradientfaces
Authors: N Raghu.C.
Published: January 2021

The performance of most existing face recognition methods is highly sensitive to illumination variation. It will be seriously degraded if the training/testing faces under variable lighting. Thus, illumination variation is one of the most significant factor affecting the performance of face recognition and has received much attention in recent years. In this paper we propose a novel method called gradientface for face recognition under varying illumination. When we rarely know the strength, direction or number of light sources. The proposed method has the ability to extract illumination insensitive measure, which is then used for face recognition. The merits of this method is that neither does it require any lighting assumption nor does it need any training images. Gradientface method reaches very high recognition rate of 98.96% in the test on yele B face database. Further more the experimental results on Yale database validate that gradient faces is also insensitive to image noise and object artifacts such as facia;l expression.
MAIL SORTER USING LABVIEW
Authors: NIKHILA A. , NAIR NISHA A , S KUMUDA , MANE PREETHI K
Published: January 2021

The Indian postal system is the largest networks in the world. Being the 7th largest country in the world, major population of the country is rural based, where the basic amenities of life is a sweet dream. In such a scenario, having an efficient mail delivery system is essential. Hence, to eliminate the drawbacks in other processes, we propose to fully automate the sorting process. Unlike the code generation technique, it neither requires any human intervention to generate a code based on the pin code nor will be a problem in case of absence of the pin code. The principle used for sorting is the Optical Character Recognition using LabVIEW software. Camera, placed over the slide unit captures the image of the address. The pin code or the state (in the absence of the pin code) is selected and compared with a set of trained characters in the data base. On finding a positive match, based on the first two digits of the pin code or the first four letters of the state, the mail is segregated by the LabVIEW program involving OCR technique. The processed data is sent to the real time application by the DAQ card, which activates the actuating arm(servo motor) to allow the letters to move to the respective stack(zone) and thus sorting the mails automatically, reducing the human effort and errors.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMAGE FILTERING ON VARIOUS NOISY PIXELS
Authors: MAHAKALE SONALI R. , THAKUR NILESHSINGH V.
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with the comparative study of research work done in the field of Image Filtering. Different noises can affect the image in different ways. Although various solutions are available for denoising them, a detail study of the research is required in order to design a filter which will fulfill the desire aspects along with handling most of the image filtering issues. An output image should be judged on the basis of Image Quality Metrics for ex-: Peak-Signal-to-Noise ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Execution Time.
EFFICIENT COMPRESSION AND ENCRYPTION SCHEME FOR SECURE TRANSMISSION OF IMAGES AND ITS RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: RAJU NEETHU SARA , GEORGE JOBINS
Published: January 2021

When it is desired to transmit redundant data over an insecure and bandwidth-constrained channel, it is customary to first compress the data and then encrypt it. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of reversing the order of these steps, i.e., first encrypting and then compressing, without compromise for compression efficiency or the informationtheoretic security. A pseudorandom permutation and a linear encoding scheme is used to encrypt an original image, and the encrypted data are efficiently compressed by discarding the excessively rough and fine information of coefficients generated from orthogonal transform. After receiving the compressed data, based on spatial correlation, a receiver can reconstruct the principal content of the original image by iteratively updating the values of coefficients and the linear decoding procedure.
Source Separation using ICA
Authors: Sahoo P.Shivani , Barik A. , Mishra Padmini
Published: January 2021

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a statistical signal processing technique having emerging new practical application areas, such as blind signal separation such as mixed voices or images, analysis of several types of data or feature extraction. Fast independent component analysis (Fast ICA ) is one of the most efficient ICA technique. Fast ICA algorithm separates the independent sources from their mixtures by measuring non-gaussianity.In this paper we present a method that can separate the signals as individual channels from other channels and also remove the noise using fast ica algorithm. The method is to decompose a multi channel signal into statistically independent components.
La pena de muerte como máximo castigo y su impacto en la sociedad contemporánea
Authors: Cuesta Márquez Lianet , Sarie Añazco Ángel Andrés
Published: January 2021

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es analizar la ley de la pena de muerte como protagonista de la incertidumbre moral de los Derechos Humanos y sus concepciones, mediante la comparación de los sistemas jurídicos de los diferentes Estados. Para satisfacer dicho propósito se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa-cuantitativa para indagar sobre el tema en cuestión. Del mismo modo se ha recurrido a técnicas como entrevistas, encuestas y a la observación documental. La tendencia mundial actual con respecto a la pena capital es su abolición, por lo que se espera que cada sistema jurídico logre dicho cometido. En Ecuador, la pena de muerte se abolió hace más de cien años y su aplicación es incompatible con su texto constitucional y con los tratados internacionales que ha firmado. Sin embargo, como resultado del estudio se obtuvo que no todos los miembros de la sociedad ecuatoriana concuerdan con esta postura. A nivel nacional, se concluye que esto se debe al populismo penal del que se valen muchos legisladores en sus discursos políticos, al débil sistema de rehabilitación social en el país y la decepción de los ciudadanos ante las sentencias declaradas.
Roles de género en la sexualidad estudiantil. Estudio de las Universidades Ecuatorianas en la provincia de El Oro
Authors: Espinoza Espinoza Jessica Elizabeth , Aguirre León Gabriela , Villacís Salcedo Jorge , Banderas Benítez Valeria , Espinoza  Espinoza Gloria
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación se centró en el estudio de la situación de los y las estudiantes de las universidades presenciales de la provincia de El Oro en aspectos centrales relacionados con el ejercicio de su sexualidad. Este trabajo fue de carácter interdisciplinario porque integró el enfoque jurídico, de género y de salud. El objetivo se centró en la identificación de las percepciones de género, que tuvieron hombres y mujeres, en una investigación de carácter descriptiva con encuesta, de algunos elementos fundamentales para el desarrollo de su vida sexual mediante los roles de género. Los resultados demostraron que los mandatos sociales basados en el género, en el deber “ser hombre” o “ser mujer”, fueron relevantes en la forma de percibir, experimentar y valorar este aspecto central de su vida.
Internationalization and Innovation Capabilities Determine Export Performance of Indian Auto Component Manufacturing Industry
Authors: N. Manjunatha
Published: January 2021

Purpose - This study is designed to explore whether international and innovation capabilities of auto components manufacturers has significant relationship with export performance or not.
Design/methodology/approach- This study has used structured questionnaire and interview techniques with export managers of exporting firms to achieve its research objectives. It has employed descriptive research methods to assess its research framework. Linear regression analysis was uses to test the hypothesis formulated in the study.
Findings- The findings revealed that, gathering export market information, capable of using export market information, role of export mode, relationships & networks, flexible to modify firm resource base, develop new service, technological up-gradation, in-house product designs, improvement in the existing products and re-align manufacturing system have found significant relationship with export performances of auto component manufacturing companies in India.
Research limitations/implications - The results point out that researchers need to target
more number of samples for the statistical testing to generalize findings.The study is confined to understand the export behavior of auto component manufacturing firms.
Practical implications-This work has export policy implications for auto component
manufacturing industry in India. Strategies are suggested for export oriented companies for contributing to export knowledge and implementing export marketing strategies in
manufacturing industry.
Social implications -Exporting of high-end and premium quality auto components enhances the performance of the vehicles leading to increased customer's social status, standard of living and vehicle safety in the foreign markets.
Originality/value - Previous research on internationalisation and innovation capabilities
and export performance have not been explored in detail. The present study adds the value with reference to export performance of auto component manufacturers with statistical evidences.
International Taxation and Luxembourg’s Economy
Authors: Mooij Ruud A. , Prihardini Dinar , Pflugbeil Antje , Stavrev Emil
Published: January 2021

Luxembourg receives ample investment from multinational corporations, in part due to some attractive features in its international tax rules. Around 95 percent of these foreign investments pass through Luxembourg via companies performing holding and/or intra-group financing activities. While their contribution to Luxembourg’s economy is modest relative to their large overall balance sheets, they still generate around 3 percent of GDP in tax revenue, create almost 4500 direct jobs, and spend almost 3 percent of GDP on salaries and purchases of business services. Ongoing changes in the international corporate tax framework pose risks to these economic contributions, which this paper attempts to quantify. It also discusses options for reforms in Luxembourg’s tax system that could help offset adverse revenue and economic effects.
Reconsidering Climate Mitigation Policy in the UK
Authors: Arregui Nicolas , Parry Ian
Published: January 2021

The UK has pledged to cut greenhouse gases 57 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, to be emisisons neutral by 2050, and to phase out internal combustion engine vehicles by 2030. Much progress has been made, but fully achieving these ambitious objectives with the current policy framework will be challenging as it involves multiple and overlapping pricing schemes with significant sectoral differences in carbon prices and may be difficult to scale up on political and administrative grounds. This paper discusses an alternative framework consisting of: (i) a comprehensive carbon price (ideally a tax) rising to at least £60 (US $75) per ton by 2030; and (ii) reinforcing sectoral policies, most importantly feebates for the transport, industrial, and building sectors. This framework could implement mitigation targets, while limiting burdens on households and firms to enhance acceptability, and still raise revenues of 0.8 percent of GDP in 2030. The UK could also leverage its COP26 presidency to promote dialogue on international carbon price floors and pricing of international transport emissions.
Corporate Vulnerabilities in Vietnam and Implications of COVID-19
Authors: Kroeger Thilo , Nguyen Anh Thi Ngoc , Zhang Yuanyan Sophia , Thuy Pham Dinh , Minh Nguyen Huy , Tuan Duong Danh
Published: January 2021

The paper uses firm-level data to assess the financial health of the Vietnamese non-financial corporate sector on the eve of pandemic. Our analysis finds that smaller domestic firms were particularly vulnerable even by regional comparison. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the COVID-19 shock will have a substantial impact on firms’ profitability, liquidity and even solvency, particularly in the hardest hit sectors that are dominated by SMEs and account for a sizeable employment share, but large firms are not immune to the crisis. Risks of default can propagate more broadly through upstream and downstream linkages to industries not directly impacted, with stresses potentially translating into an increase in corporate bankruptcies and bank fragility. Policy measures taken in the immediate aftermath of the crisis have helped alleviate liquidity pressures, but the nature of policy support may have to pivot to support the recovery.
Government Insurance Against Natural Disasters
Authors: Guerson Alejandro
Published: January 2021

This paper estimates insurance requirements against natural disasters (NDs) in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) using an insurance layering framework. The layers include a government saving fund, as well as market instruments. Each layer is calibrated to cover estimated fiscal cost of NDs according to intensity and expected damage. The results indicate that ECCU countries could target saving fund stocks for relativelly smaller and more frequent events in the range of 6-12 percent of GDP, enough to cover 95 percent of NDs’ fiscal costs. To ensure financially-sustainable saving funds with a low probability of depletion, this requires annual budget savings in the range os 0.5 to 1.9 percent of GDP per year. Additional coverage could be obtained with market instruments for large and less frequent events, albeit at a significant cost.The results are based on a Monte-Carlo experiment that simulates natural disaster shocks and their impact on output and government finances.
Tipps jenseits des Black Friday
Authors: Bönsch Regine
Published: January 2021

Es weihnachtet sehr, Teil 1: Hilfreiches, Bastel- und Tüfteleien, ein bisschen Retrotouch – wenn man in diesen Zeiten mehr zu Hause ist, kann Schönes und Spannendes die Zeit vertreiben. Wir präsentieren unseren Lesern eine Auswahl für lange Adventsabende oder den Gabentisch.
Estimation and prevention of text neck syndrome among smart phone users
Authors: Kamalakannan M. , Rakshana R. , Padma priya R.
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: Text neck syndrome has become a global musculoskeletal problem in relation to all the ages who uses the mobile phone. The aim of the study was to investigate the neck posture, self-report of pain and disability in smart phone users, and to identify the preventive measures of text neck syndrome.

Materials and methods: 253 students were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were assessed by measuring the resting head posture using a ruler’s method and A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all subjects. The data obtained was tabulated and statistically analysed.

Results: Results were statistically analysed using Chi-square test. Questionnaire includes totally 10 domains. Each question is given with three to five options.

Conclusion: Frome the study it was concluded that most of the people are using phone in the non- ergonomic way. 90% of the people were affected by neck related musculoskeletal problems. Prevention is the only key to avoid text neck syndrome.

Keywords: Mobile phone; neck posture; cervical spine; text neck syndrome; hazards; preventive measures.
Epidemics and Literature (The Novel as A Model)
Authors: Naef Ahmed G.
Published: January 2021

The literature in general and epidemiological literature especially represents the reflection of the health status of society and the health crises that the world has witnessed since ancient times. Those epidemics were the engine for many authors and novelists pens in particular. Thus, many novels touched on those diseases that caused violent shocks in the whole world, which left behind them many tragedies that remain stuck in the global memory. Since the novel is the mostrealistic literary art, it took the initiative to be the most prominent literary art that dealt with these topics and dealt with them, whether they were stories transmitted from reality or imaginary that predicted the future.
Detection of Biofilm Formation by Different Bacterial Isolates of Contact Lens
Authors: S. El. Naghy Wageih , A. Hamam Sarah , A. Wasfy Tamer , M. Samy Sara
Published: January 2021

Background: Biofilms are groups of microorganisms that collect to each other and with different surfaces by adherence mechanisms. These are formed of cells and extracellular matrix manufactured by these cells. There may be a great problem in some situations e.g. on medical implants and resistance against antibiotics. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine biofilm forming power of bacteria isolated from the conjunctiva, contact lens and the lens storage case by both phenotypic and genotypic detection methods. Methodology: Samples were taken from (36) persons in the period from January 2020 to June 2020 at Ophthalmology Department, Tanta University Hospitals, all the samples were transported to the Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Tanta University where bacterial strains were isolated. The biofilm formation phenotypic detection was performed by both tube method and Congo red agar method. The biofilm-forming genes of coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus (ica A) and that of P. aeruginosa (psl A), were detected by PCR. Results: The (216) samples (swabs & discarded lenses) gave rise to a total number of (247) bacterial isolates. By using tube method; (52.3%) were moderately positive, (31.5%) strongly positive and (16.2%) negative for biofilm formation while after using the Congo red agar method; (35.3%) were moderately positive, (38.4%) strongly positive and (26.3%) negative for biofilm formation. Regarding the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, two (50%) of these were containing (icaA) gene. Regarding the (21) CoNS isolates, three (14.3%) contained (icaA) gene. Although all of the Pseudomonas isolates didn't contain pslA (1119 bp) gene, these were positive for biofilm production by phenotypic methods. Conclusion: The majority of the isolates had the capacity to form biofilms. Both tube and Congo red agar methods showed clear significant correlation and detected a high number of biofilm-producing strains. The absence of genes responsible for biofilm formation did not exclude the phenotypic biofilm production by these bacteria which is a common state.