bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação e tecnologia: entre o discurso e a prática
Authors: Silva Ângela Carrancho da
Published: October 2011

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a inserção de tecnologia no cotidiano escolar. São analisados alguns resultados do Proinfo, relacionando-os às suas metas iniciais e aos atuais índices nacionais e internacionais de qualidade de educação. A análise dos índices revela que o investimento em tecnologia para a Educação Básica no país não garantiu a tão proclamada qualidade na educação brasileira. A conclusão aponta para a importância do papel do professor, a carreira de magistério em todos os seus aspectos, além de uma sérde outros fatores que podem contribuir para a efetiva inserção das TICs na prática pedagógica. As reflexões aqui descritas fazem parte dos trabalhos de pesquisa em Avaliação da Formação Continuada em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem, desenvolvidos na disciplina de Prática em Avaliação do Mestrado Profissional em Avaliação da Fundação Cesgranrio. As considerações apresentadas são fundamentadas em análises documentais e registros do cotidiano escolar.
Políticas curriculares da internacionalização do ensino superior: multiculturalismo ou semiformação?
Authors: Lima Manolita Correia , Maranhão Carolina Machado Saraiva de Albuquerque
Published: October 2011

Uma das premissas básicas presentes nos discursos de apoio à internacionalização do ensino superior é a sua capacidade de promover o multiculturalismo, desencadeando a construção de curricula mais críticos e reflexivos. Esses novos arranjos curriculares transformariam as escolas no epicentro das transformações sociais, em busca de condições de vida mais igualitária para todos. No entanto, ao invés da promoção da diversidade cultural, tem-se a defesa de uma forma particular de cultura, que busca sua legitimação através da padronização dos curricula , dos programas de curso, dos idiomas e das experiências culturais. Esse quadro marcoestrutural da educação precisa ser intensamente discutido nas instituições de ensino superior. Com base numa leitura crítica de relatórios e artigos em defesa do sistema de internacionalização em curso, procurou-se revelar os interesses privados envolvidos, buscando argumentar a importância das funções política e crítica da educação superior.
A participação do cirurgião-dentista em equipe de saúde multidisciplinar na atenção à saúde da criança no contexto hospitalar
Authors: Mattevi Gianina Salton , Figueiredo Daniela de Rossi , Patrício Zuleica Maria , Rath Inês Beatriz da Silva
Published: October 2011

Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que teve como objetivo analisar as percepções da equipe de saúde e de usuários da Unidade de Internação Pediátrica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina quanto à participação do cirurgião-dentista na atenção à saúde da criança hospitalizada. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas com base em formulário composto por questões semi-estruturadas e analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo e pelo processo de análise-reflexão-síntese. Participaram: oito profissionais da equipe de saúde, sete acompanhantes e cinco crianças internadas. A atenção odontológica prestada a essas crianças foi desenvolvida por alunos do Curso de Graduação e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, através de um projeto de extensão de caráter educativo preventivo. Os resultados evidenciam a ampla aceitação e a importância da participação do cirurgião-dentista no contexto da Unidade como: membro da equipe para concretização do conceito de saúde integral; profissional de apoio à equipe nos cuidados e na dinamização e otimização do trabalho interdisciplinar. Os participantes percebem como muito importante e até fundamental a participação efetiva do cirurgião-dentista na atenção à saúde da criança hospitalizada.
Revisão sistemática dos estudos sobre qualidade de vida indexados na base de dados SciELO
Authors: Landeiro Graziela Macedo Bastos , Pedrozo Celine Cristina Raimundo , Gomes Maria José , Oliveira Elizabete Regina de Araújo
Published: October 2011

O interesse pelo constructo qualidade de vida tem aumentado paralelamente ao número de instrumentos para mensurá-lo. Com o objetivo de analisar a produção científica sobre a temática, o que permitirá uma reflexão sobre este constructo em nosso país, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática no banco de dados SciELO, de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2006, sendo desenvolvido em três etapas: a primeira com 180 publicações, a segunda com 124, e a terceira com 10. Das 180 publicações 77,4% constitui-se da produção nos últimos três anos, com crescimento de 32,4% de 2001 para 2006. Destas, 124 foram selecionados para análise metodológica, de acordo com a categoria do estudo: 79 (63,9%) artigos de aplicação de instrumento; 25 (20,1%) tradução e validação, adaptação e construção de instrumento de QV; 10 (8%) estudos qualitativos acerca da QV; 5 (4%) revisão bibliográfica; 5 (4%) sobre o conceito de qualidade de vida. Nesta etapa, observou-se a utilização de questionários e\ou roteiros para entrevista de forma a se obter dos entrevistados uma concepção mais ampla da qualidade de vida percebida. Conclui-se que houve uma produção científica relevante no período estudado, com diversificação de abordagens e metodologias, privilegiando a complexidade dessa temática.
Análise de atitudes de professoras do ensino fundamental no que se refere à educação inclusiva
Authors: Crochík José Leon , Pedrossian Dulce Regina dos Santos , Anache Alexandra Ayach , Meneses Branca Maria de , Lima Maria de Fátima Evangelista Mendonça
Published: October 2011

Este artigo, que tem como referência a teoria crítica, relata o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre atitudes em relação à educação inclusiva, realizada com doze professoras do 5º ano do ensino fundamental; dentre elas, seis tinham experiência de ter em sala de aula alunos com deficiência, e seis não tinham. A análise qualitativa dos dados decorrentes do levantamento realizado em seis escolas da rede municipal de Campo Grande (MS) demonstrou que, de modo geral, as professoras foram favoráveis à educação inclusiva. Contudo, ficou evidente a expressão de atitudes preconceituosas veladas ou explícitas no âmbito escolar. A formação para experiência com quem é "diferente" ainda encontra barreiras por conta do preconceito e da discriminação presentes nesta sociedade que tem como lógica uma "inclusão marginal". Em suas manifestações, apontaram dificuldades de trabalhar com alunos com deficiência intelectual severa; assinalaram que a responsabilidade de trabalhar sob a predominância da educação centrada no desempenho, com foco na inserção das pessoas no mercado de trabalho, gerava um "sentimento de impotência". Diante das contradições existentes, a educação inclusiva não deixa de evidenciar a presença das injustiças que ainda se apresentam no processo educativo. Apesar disso, foram indicados vários elementos favoráveis a essa forma de educação, que não é dissociada de movimentos sociais mais amplos.
Violencias y climas sociales en escuelas medias: experiencias de docentes y directivos
Authors: Di Leo Pablo Francisco
Published: October 2011

En el artículo se presenta parte de los resultados de la tesis doctoral del autor, en la que analiza los tipos de climas sociales dominantes en relación a los cuales los sujetos construyen sus experiencias en escuelas medias públicas, tomando como analizador las prácticas y sentidos desplegados por los mismos en torno a las violencias escolares. En el trabajo de campo, desarrollado entre 2005 y 2007 en dos escuelas medias públicas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, combinó tres técnicas de investigación social de tipo cualitativo: observaciones participantes, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales (focus group). Para la determinación de la muestra (muestreo teórico) y el análisis del corpus construido siguió los lineamientos generales de la teoría fundamentada (grounded theory), utilizando como herramienta informática auxiliar el programa Atlas.ti 5.0. El artículo se organiza en torno a dos de las categorías centrales identificadas: a) violencias escolares y b) crisis de la institución y de la autoridad escolar. En las dos primeras secciones se presentan las categorías emergentes de los discursos y prácticas de docentes y directivos, dialogando con herramientas conceptuales de la teoría social contemporánea y otras investigaciones sobre la temática. Finalmente, se propone una articulación entre las mismas, sintetizando las principales características y vinculaciones entre los dos tipos de clima social escolar dominantes en ambas instituciones: desubjetivante e integracionista-normativo.
O elogio de si e a desmedida antropologização das ciências humanas
Authors: Pereira Marcos Villela , Ratto Cleber Gibbon
Published: October 2011

Este trabalho faz a crítica filosófica a um certo modo de antropologização nas ciências humanas. O humano não é um dado natural de determinação biológica no campo das ciências. Diferente disso, o específico do conhecimento no campo das humanidades é o resultado de um processo de antropologização que fez do homem sujeito com consciência epistemológica. Por isso, o homem, figura de proa da modernidade, é esse duplo empírico-transcendental que, dobrado sobre si mesmo, produz um regime próprio de saber. Conhecimento de si, portanto, passou a ser a grande matriz dos saberes das humanidades na proporção equivalente em que a metafísica se transfigurou em metafísica da subjetividade e a linguagem ganhou prestígio ontológico. Ao lado disso, ergueu-se boa parte dos projetos de crítica à ciência clássica, dando lugar de destaque à linguagem como fabricante de realidade. Chegou-se a falar de um giro linguístico, argumento primeiro de crítica às metanarrativas e apologia dos regimes fragmentários e relativistas de verdade. Ainda assim, assumir que a verdade é um efeito discursivo e que a realidade por si mesma é resultado de uma produção não é o bastante. Importa também colocar em exame este regime que fez da linguagem a expressão do conhecimento e da consciência do mundo. O homem tornou-se a medida do conhecimento.
A escrita como modo de vida: conexões e desdobramentos educacionais
Authors: Aquino Julio Groppa
Published: October 2011

Tomando por base as principais reflexões de Michel Foucault sobre o ato de escrever, o presente ensaio discorre sobre a correlação intrínseca entre os modos de escrita e de vida nas escolas, apontando para uma agonística em operação diuturna nas práticas escriturais levadas a cabo nesse quadrante. Isso significa que, no interior dos procedimentos de escrita, embatem-se forças superlativas, tanto no sentido da investida unificadora dos modos de subjetivação aí implicados, quanto na direção de uma transfiguração radical desses mesmos modos, tendo em vista a sua multiplicação. Adensando a discussão teórica, tematiza-se a escrita de si, tal como formulada por Foucault, como um esforço escultural desmedido em favor de uma dispersão, uma rarefação e, então, uma elisão subjetivas. Em seguida, interpelam-se analiticamente três argumentos recorrentes acerca da escrita escolar: sua categorização segundo gêneros, sua função examinatória e sua subordinação à leitura. Por meio de tal exame crítico, visa-se desestabilizar as bases de justificação de um tipo de apropriação representacional e cientificista dos fazeres escriturais escolares, bem como fabular cenários divergentes de seu mainstream. Por fim, intenta-se perspectivar a escrita como circunstância propícia à estilização existencial daquele que escreve, tendo em mente, com Foucault, o imprescindível esforço de resistência e de autocriação ética diante dos jogos subjetivadores típicos das práticas escolares. Trata-se do inextricável movimento de diferença e de variação que uma escrita não cativa das convenções pedagógicas da época faculta e, ao mesmo tempo, exige de todo aquele que por ela envereda.
Evaluation of a Family-Centered Prevention Intervention for Military Children and Families Facing Wartime Deployments
Authors: Lester Patricia , Saltzman William R. , Woodward Kirsten , Glover Dorie , Leskin Gregory A. , Bursch Brenda , Pynoos Robert , Beardslee William
Published: October 2011

Objectives. We evaluated the Families OverComing Under Stress program, which provides resiliency training designed to enhance family psychological health in US military families affected by combat- and deployment-related stress.

Methods. We performed a secondary analysis of Families OverComing Under Stress program evaluation data that was collected between July 2008 and February 2010 at 11 military installations in the United States and Japan. We present data at baseline for 488 unique families (742 parents and 873 children) and pre–post outcomes for 331 families.

Results. Family members reported high levels of satisfaction with the program and positive impact on parent–child indicators. Psychological distress levels were elevated for service members, civilian parents, and children at program entry compared with community norms. Change scores showed significant improvements across all measures for service member and civilian parents and their children (P < .001).

Conclusions. Evaluation data provided preliminary support for a strength-based, trauma-informed military family prevention program to promote resiliency and mitigate the impact of wartime deployment stress.
Seismic Constraints on Critical Zone Architecture, Boulder Creek Watershed, Front Range, Colorado
Authors: Befus K.M. , Sheehan A.F. , Leopold M. , Anderson S.P. , Anderson R.S.
Published: October 2011

We use a minimally invasive, shallow geophysical technique to image the structure of the critical zone from surface to bedrock (0–20 m) in two small drainages within the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory (BcCZO). Shallow seismic refraction (SSR) surveys provide a three‐dimensional network of two‐dimensional cross‐sections (termed quasi‐3D) of critical zone compressional wave velocity (Vp) structure within each catchment, yielding a spatial description of the current critical zone structure. The two catchments, Betasso and Gordon Gulch, represent contrasting geomorphic histories within the Front Range: Betasso shows hillslope response to a late Cenozoic increase in fluvial incision of Boulder Creek, while Gordon Gulch represents more steady erosion. The mean depth to fresh bedrock in both catchments is roughly 15 m. Unique subsurface features in each catchment reflect active geomorphic processes not suggested by similarities in mean interface depths. Betasso contains thick disaggregated materials high in the drainage that are nearly absent near the outlet. This presumably reflects the impact of base‐level lowering, which we suggest has progressed roughly 500 to 1000 m up into the catchment. Aspect‐driven differences in the subsurface within each catchment add complexity and overprint the broader geomorphic signals. Shallow seismic refraction subsurface structure models will guide future investigations of critical zone processes from landscape to hydrologic modeling and are invaluable as connections between time‐consuming point measurements of physical, chemical, and biological processes.
Controls and Frequency of Preferential Flow Occurrence: A 175‐Event Analysis
Authors: Graham Chris B. , Lin Henry S.
Published: October 2011

Despite the widespread acceptance of hydrologic importance, controls on the initiation of preferential flow in natural soil profiles and the frequency of its occurrence at different times of year remain elusive. This study determined the controls and frequency of preferential flow occurrence in the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. Soil moisture profiles and precipitation were monitored at 10 sites along a topographic gradient for >3 yr, encompassing 175 precipitation events. For each event and each site, the flow regime was classified as either preferential flow, sequential flow, or nondetectable flow based on the sequence of soil moisture response at various depths within the same site. Preferential flow here specifically refers to out‐of‐sequence soil moisture response, with a deeper horizon responding to precipitation earlier than a shallower horizon. Indices describing antecedent precipitation, precipitation characteristics, precipitation timing, and initial soil moisture were examined to determine the characteristics of events that resulted in preferential flow vs. those that resulted in sequential flow. Analyses showed that preferential flow was common throughout the catchment, occurring during 17 to 54% of the 175 events at each of the 10 monitored sites. Preferential flow occurred in at least one site during 90% of the 175 events. While the frequency of preferential flow appeared insensitive to topographic position, the controls on preferential flow initiation varied with landscape position. Analysis of subsets of the time series data showed that while the frequency of preferential flow can be determined from 1 yr of real‐time monitoring, the controls on preferential flow require much longer (≥3 yr) monitoring to be reliably identified.
Immune Responses of HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mice to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis W-Beijing SA161
Authors: Honda Jennifer R , Shang Shaobin , Shanley Crystal A , Caraway Megan L , Henao-Tamayo Marcela , Chan Edward D , Basaraba Randall J , Orme Ian M , Ordway Diane J , Flores Sonia C
Published: October 2011

Background:

Mycobacterium tuberculosisremains among the leading causes of death from an infectious agent in the world and exacerbates disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infected individuals are prone to lung infections by a variety of microbial pathogens, includingM. tuberculosis. While the destruction of the adaptive immune response by HIV is well understood, the actual pathogenesis of tuberculosis in co-infected individuals remains unclear. Tat is an HIV protein essential for efficient viral gene transcription, is secreted from infected cells, and is known to influence a variety of host inflammatory responses. We hypothesize Tat contributes to pathophysiological changes in the lung microenvironment, resulting in impaired host immune responses to infection byM. tuberculosis.

Results:

Herein, we show transgenic mice that express Tat by lung alveolar cells are more susceptible than non-transgenic control littermates to a low-dose aerosol infection ofM. tuberculosisW-Beijing SA161. Survival assays demonstrate accelerated mortality rates of the Tat transgenic mice compared to non-transgenics. Tat transgenic mice also showed poorly organized lung granulomata-like lesions. Analysis of the host immune response using quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry for surface markers, and intracellular cytokine staining showed increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, increased numbers of cells expressing ICAM1, increased numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells, and IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells in the Tat transgenics compared to infected non-tg mice.

Conclusions:

Our data show quantitative differences in the inflammatory response to the SA161 clinical isolate ofM. tuberculosisW-Beijing between Tat transgenic and non-transgenic mice, suggesting Tat contributes to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Monovalent and Multivalent Glycoconjugates as High Affinity Ligands for Galectins
Authors: Sebastien Vidal
Published: October 2011

The biological implications of lectins have prompted a large number of research projects at the interface between biology and chemistry for a better understanding of their roles. Several synthetic high affinity ligands have been designed in order to inhibit their negative effects such as bacterial or viral infections and cancer. Among these receptor proteins, galectins are galactose-binding lectins implicated in inflammation or cancer and are important biological targets for the design of treatment against cancer. The careful design of high affinity ligands for galectins has been investigated through several studies using either (1) a “medicinal chemistry” approach in which the native ligand (i.e. galactose) is modified on one or several positions or (2) based on a multivalent approach in which galactose is repeated n times at the periphery of a core scaffold. Both strategies yielded essential information about the fundamental aspects of galectin-ligand interactions and provided a better knowledge of the implications of galectins in biology. The present review with 130 references will focus particularly on the past decade and present the most recent results obtained in this field for monovalent and multivalent ligands of galectins.
Diels-Alder Based Synthesis of Glycomimetics
Authors: Cristina Nativi  , Dragoni Elisa , Richichi Barbara , Roelens Stefano
Published: October 2011

[4+2] Cycloadditions between “in situ” generated α,α-dioxothiones and unprotected or variously protected glycals provide a powerful synthetic way to obtain glycomimetics chemo-, regio- and stereoselectively. Examples of glycopeptidomimetics and mimetic of tumor antigens are reported.
Analytical Tools for Protein-Carbohydrate Interaction Studies
Authors: Cedric Goyer  , Labbe Pierre
Published: October 2011

A wide range of assays has been used to characterize protein-carbohydrates interactions allowing access to various quantitative information including thermodynamic ones such as stoichiometry of binding, binding constant, enthalpy of binding as well as kinetics and mechanistic ones. An understanding of each technique is essential in order to propose and validate appropriate interaction models that rationalize experimental data. Due to the complexity of carbohydrate-lectins interactions as an inherent consequence of multivalent interactions, a careful control of experimental conditions is necessary in order to avoid misinterpretation. This article will briefly present the various techniques that are commonly used to characterize sugar-lectin interaction: inhibition of hemagglutination assay (HIA), enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLA), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Recently introduced, force spectroscopy by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a new approach for measuring carbohydrate-protein interaction at the level of a single protein.
Bayesian Learning from Marginal Data in Bionetwork Models
Authors: Bonassi Fernando V. , You Lingchong , West Mike
Published: October 2011

In studies of dynamic molecular networks in systems biology, experiments are increasingly exploiting technologies such as flow cytometry to generate data on marginal distributions of a few network nodes at snapshots in time. For example, levels of intracellular expression of a few genes, or cell surface protein markers, can be assayed at a series of interim time points and assumed steady-states under experimentally stimulated growth conditions in small cellular systems. Such marginal data on a small number of cellular markers will typically carry very limited information on the parameters and structure of dynamic network models, though experiments will typically be designed to expose variation in cellular phenotypes that are inherently related to some aspects of model parametrization and structure. Our work addresses statistical questions of how to integrate such data with dynamic stochastic models in order to properly quantify the information—or lack of information—it carries relative to models assumed. We present a Bayesian computational strategy coupled with a novel approach to summarizing and numerically characterizing biological phenotypes that are represented in terms of the resulting sample distributions of cellular markers. We build on Bayesian simulation methods and mixture modeling to define the approach to linking mechanistic mathematical models of network dynamics to snapshot data, using a toggle switch example integrating simulated and real data as context.
Serum Free Light Chains and the Risk of ESRD and Death in CKD
Authors: Haynes Richard , Hutchison Colin A. , Emberson Jonathan , Dasgupta Tanaji , Wheeler David C. , Townend John N. , Landray Martin J. , Cockwell Paul
Published: October 2011

Background and objectives

Associations between inflammation and ESRD and death in chronic kidney disease are well established. However, the potential role of the adaptive immune system is uncertain. We aimed to prospectively study the relevance of the adaptive immune system to ESRD and mortality by measuring monoclonal and polyclonal excesses of highly sensitive serum free light chains (sFLCs).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Three hundred sixty-four patients selected from a nephrology outpatient clinic had kappa and lambda sFLCs concentrations and serum immunofixation electrophoresis measured. Cox regression was used to assess the relevance of monoclonal and polyclonal excess of sFLCs to the incidence of ESRD and death (mean follow-up for death 6.0 years).

Results

After adjustment for baseline eGFR, there was no significant association between monoclonal excess of sFLCs and risk of ESRD or mortality. Baseline log κ and log λ concentrations were positively associated with ESRD risk, but these associations seemed to be due to correlations with eGFR (per 1 SD higher concentration: adjusted hazard ratio 1.05 [95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.26] and 0.99 [0.83 to 1.19], respectively). For mortality, after adjustment for eGFR plus markers of cardiac damage, there was weak evidence of an association with λ, but not κ, sFLC concentration (fully adjusted hazard ratio 1.33 [95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.67] per 1 SD higher concentration).

Conclusions

Associations between monoclonal and polyclonal excess of sFLCs and risk of ESRD are explained by the correlation between these measures and renal function. We found only weak evidence of an association between polyclonal excess of λ sFLC concentration and mortality.
Novel Lipoprotein Subfraction and Size Measurements in Prediction of Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Noori Nazanin , Caulfield Michael P. , Salameh Wael A. , Reitz Richard E. , Nicholas Susanne B. , Molnar Miklos Z. , Nissenson Allen R. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar
Published: October 2011

Background and objectives

Conventional lipid profiles usually cannot predict cardiovascular outcomes in chronic disease states. We hypothesized that novel lipoprotein subfraction concentrations and LDL particle size measurements better predict mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Mortality-predictability of LDL particle diameter and lipoprotein subfraction concentrations, measured by novel ion mobility, was examined in a cohort of 235 hemodialysis patients who were followed for up to 6 years using Cox models with adjustment for important covariables.

Results

Patients were 54 ± 14 years old (mean ± SD) and included 45% women with total, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels of 143 ± 42, 76 ± 29, and 37 ± 12 mg/dl, respectively. Over 6 years, 71 patients (31%) died. Conventional lipid profile was not associated with mortality. The death hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) of the highest versus lowest quartiles of very small and large LDL particle concentrations were 2.43 (1.03 to 5.72) and 0.38 (0.15 to 0.96), respectively. Across increasing quartiles of LDL particle diameter, death HRs were 1.00, 0.93 (0.46 to 1.87), 0.43 (0.21 to 0.89), and 0.45 (0.31 to 1.00), respectively.

Conclusions

Whereas conventional lipid profile cannot predict mortality in MHD patients, larger novel LDL particle diameter or higher large LDL particle concentrations appear predictive of greater survival, whereas higher very small LDL particle concentration is associated with higher death risk. Examining lipoprotein subfraction modulation in chronic diseases is indicated.
Sistemic Citrobacter Freundii infection in carp
Authors: Jeremic Svetlana , Jakic-Dimic Dobrila
Published: October 2011

The paper describes ta clinical disease in carp fish species which indicated a typical acute bacterial septicemia caused by the gram-negative bacteria Citrobacter freundii. An unusual mortality of carp fish species was observed during low water temperatures at the beginning of the year. A total of 39 samples were taken for laboratory examinations from diseased fish which had become darker, with expressed exophthalmus bleedings on the skin and eyes and 10 samples from clinically healthy fish. Part of the altered organs gills, parenchymatous organs and intestines were used for isolating the causes. The usal methods of bacteriological examinations were used for the investigations. Cultures were identified by examining key phenotype markings and using an Api 20E system as Citrobacter freundii. Other parts of parenchymatous organs and intestines were fixed in 10% formaline prepared according to the standard histological method. Pathohistological examinations established inflammatory and necrotic changes in internal organs. We succeeded in reproducing the disease with an artificial infection using a pure culture of Citrobacter freundii. This is the first published report on establishing Citrobacter freundii as the cause of carp diseases in Serbia.
Occurrence of infectious laringotracheitis on farms in Vojvodina
Authors: Orlic Dusan , Kapetanov Milos , Kovacevic Mira , Velhner Maja , Stojanovic Dragica
Published: October 2011

For over 10 years infectious laringotracheitis has occurred rarely in Vojvodina. In such situations morbidity was 40% and mortality was 16%. Drop in egg production was over 30% and after 4 weeks egg production returned to normal. After the disappearance of clinical symptoms and after 30 days of quarantine and disinfection of eggs with formaldehyde and 5% hydrogen peroxide there was no appearance of the disease in hatched chickens. Clinical observation and pathohistology results are valuable proof for diagnosis of ILT. Diagnosis of ILT should be confirmed by virus isolation or applying serological tests such as ELISA on sera from diseased chickens.
Entropium in dogs and its correction
Authors: Hadzimilic Milan
Published: October 2011

Entropium or the twisting of eyelides presents one of the most common eyelid diseases in dogs, and therefore its surgical correction is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in veterinary eye surgery. Due to insufficient training and the application of inadequate techniques, deformities occur that affect even the eyeball. Eventually, ulceral keratitis usually appears which can result in the perforation of the cornea, and, consequently, in most cases, the loss of an eye. It is usually not very difficult to make a diagnosis, especially when the eyelied is twisted. In entropium therapy surgical treatment is an imperative. Other methods have a more or less historical significance. A surgical correction is necessary in almost every case of entropium. A great number of surgical techniques for correcting entropium have been described, but they are often unnecessarily complicated and do not provide significantly better results. The choice of the technique itself depends on the case, the size of the affected eyelid surface, and the intensity of entropium. The most commonly applied technique for the correction of entropum is the Hotz-Celsus procedure. This technique yields the best results, and at the same time is the easiest to perform, especially for a surgeon who is not very experienced. The Hotz-Celsus technique is performed in the following manner: part of the skin close to the edge of the eyelid is removed in the shape of an ellipse, the wound is then stitched and the eyelid is thus tightened, i.e. restored to its normal position. The Y and V technique is more complicated but more precise, and it is performed mostly on the central part of the eyelid. The medical cantal V plastic is primarily done in corrections of medial entropium. The recommended material is Nylon, and in this area silk from 6.0 to 4.0 also be used.
Infectious abortions in swine
Authors: Vakanjac Slobodanka , Obrenovic Sonja , Petrujkic Tihomir , Dobric Djordje
Published: October 2011

Abortions in pigs can be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors About 38% of all diagnosed abortions in pigs were caused by infectious agents. Consequences of infection can be early embryonal deaths or abortions which occur after the 40th day following conception. Causes of abortions include different species of viruses (parvoviruses, enteroviruses pseudorabies viruses, PRRS) or bacteria (Brucella, Leptospira, and others). A precise diagnosis is imperative for therapy and prevention of abortions in pigs, and it is necessary to apply measures to prevent reproductive disorders in pigs.
Recent information on nutritive values of maize silage and its importance in beef cattle feeding
Authors: Jovanovic Rade , Jovin Predrag , Radosavljevic Milica , Jovanovic Snezana , Terzic Dusanka
Published: October 2011

The study presents the latest scientific accomplishments in selection of silage hybrids with a special regard to digestibility as a quality parameter of the maize plant. The most important quality parameters, necessary in silage maize hybrid selection with the aim of completely defining their nutritive values, are presented in the case of the most demanded MRI hybrids of all maturity groups and encompass the following: the whole plant DM yield, the share of ears in DM yield, NDF, ADF and ADL content, and especially in vitro DM digestibility according to the Tilley and Terry method. Hybrids can be compared by the use of the exact values for the stated criteria and at the same time it is possible to make actual recommendations for certain production. The importance of the whole maize plant silage is manifested in beef cattle feeding, as the use of 3-12 kg silage day-1 with the appropriate feed concentrate significantly contributes to the more economic production of beef for which the demand in our country is realistic.
Role of nutrition in ethiopathogenesis of health disturbances of dairy cows in periparturient period
Authors: Sinovec Zlatan
Published: October 2011

The goals of high producing dairy cow nutrition are to provide good health and condition of animals, normal 300-day long lactation, more lactation cycle during exploitation, maximal amount of milk yield with optimal chemical contents, as well as bringing healthy and vital veal once a year. Nutrients metabolism disturbances in dairy cows mostly expressed in periparturient period due to higher demands needed for fetus growth and development, as well as for requirements for lactation. Energy metabolism disorder in dairy cows mostly appeared as kethosis complicated with liver fatty acid accumulation that firstly caused fatty infiltration and later fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Besides energy, in this period changes of mineral status are very common as consequences of higher mineral deposition in skeleton of fetus, and secretion via milk by beginning of the lactation. Mineral metabolism disorder in dairy cows, firstly calcium, mostly appeared as paresis and paralysis. Dairy cows peripartal metabolic disturbances are very dependent and caused among themselves commonly leading to mutual appearance. That?s why the meal for high producing dairy cow in periparturient period have to be optimal balanced not only according to amount of some nutrients, but their relationship, as well as their influences on metabolic pathways and homeostasis.
Improving percentage of successful first insemination using electronic detector of oestrus in a herd of Norman dairy cows
Authors: Decuadro-Hansen Gustavo , Savic Mihailo
Published: October 2011

The aim of this study was to analyze the field work of a farmer (75 milking Normandy breed cows) during the reproductive season (between the 15 of October and the 15 of February of years 1995-2002), and to compare the visual detection technique with the use of the DEC (electronic heat detector). At the same time the information that the farmer received from the DEC helped him to breed the cows in an optimum moment for AI, which consequently reduced the number of cows that would come back into heat after 3 weeks, as well as reduce the number of cows he would cull at the end of the reproductive season for reproductive reasons. In such a manner he improved his first AI success rate from year to year (1995-49%, 1996-44%, 1997-33%, 1998- 31%, 1999-16%, 2000-58%, 2001-55% and 2002-63%).
In vitro production of bovine embryos
Authors: Pavlovic Vojislav , Aleksic Jelena
Published: October 2011

Biotechnology is used for the purpose of improving production, and developing animal and pharmaceutical products. In roder to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to manipulate these processes. Reproductive biotechnology can be used independently, or it can be used in connection with other techniques. Thus, for instance, successful culture of embryos in laboratory conditions is a necessary precondition for the production and creation of transgenic and cloned animals. The in vitro process of embryo production is narrowed down to three basic steps: 1. collecting oocytes form a female donor, 2. fertilization of oocytes under laboratory conditions, 3. growth of the embryo in a medium and transfer of the embryo into the recipient. The paper describes the IVP procedure (in vitro production) of bovine embryos; the advantages and shortcomings of this method, as well as possibilities for its application in cattle breeding. This technology is still quite new, so taht both the technique and the mediums are constantly being improved. The technique of fertilizing bovine oocytes, as well as their development in laboratory conditions was discovered in 1980, and the first calf produced using in vitro fertilization (IVF) was born in 1982. IVP implies a series of steps, and if just one of them is not done perfectly, the result is a small number of embryos, or even none at all.
Pathogenesis of ruminant mastitises
Authors: Bobos Stanko , Vidic Branka
Published: October 2011

Health disorders of the udder include: Inflammation of gland parenchim (mastitis), milk lead system (galactoforitis) and nipples (telitis); nipple and gland injuries; functional disturbance; deformities; gland skin disease (as itself or as a symptom of basic illness); pathological swelling of udder; udder lymph system disease (lymph nuts and leads). These disturbances are mostly autonomous in their appearance. However, on the basis of different diagnostic and prognostic view-points it is clear that there is a connection between them. As udder diseases and functional disturbances, mastitises are most frequent and significant because of their characteristics (spreading of illness, economic importance, treatment). Aggregate results of bacteriology in milk samples revealed significant differences of the frequency of Staphyloccoccus aureus, a possibly saprophytic microflora, and the negative yields between examination periods. Obviously, nipple immersion into the disinfectant would reduce the population of specific bacteria and stop them from occupying the tips of the nipples and the distal portions of the ductis papilaris. Thus the aim of nipple disinfections after milking is not to eliminate an already existing infection but to prevent the udder-to-udder or cow-to-cow transfer of the microflora.
Etiopathogenesis of abomasal displacement in cattle
Authors: Samanc Horea , Damnjanovic Z. , Jankovic Dusan , Vujanac I. , Radakovic Radomir , Mandic L.
Published: October 2011

Abomasal displacement presents topographic gastropathy, where this organ has changed its position, and there is simultaneous dilatation which can vary in intensity. The incidence of this disorder in herds of high-yield dairy cows varies to a great degree (1 to 18 %). Abomasal displacement was established in herds of East-Frisian cows in 1 to 3% animals, and in Holstein cow herds in 5 to 18 % animals. The most frequent abomasal displacement is to the left (88%). There is significant seasonal variation in the incidence of abomasal displacement. About two-thirds of cases of abomasal displacement are diagnosed from October until April. The disorder appears more frequently in cows with repeated lactations. It has been established that it appears after the first calving in 27.8% cases, after the second to fifth calving in 66.7% cases, and after the sixth and seventh calving in 5.5% of the cows. The response of endocrine pancreas B-cells for insulin secretion to hyperglycaemia caused by applying an excess-glucose test is reduced in cows with left abomasal displacement, and there is constant hyperglycaemia in cows with right abomasal displacement. The excess-glucose test indicates a disrupted function of the endocrine pancreas in diseased animals. It has been determined through examinations of Aml genotypes in Holstein cow herds in connection with the appearance of abomasal displacement, that the occurrence of this disorder cannot be attributed to a genetic predisposition.
Leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo in dairy cows
Authors: Vidic Branka , Bobos Stanko
Published: October 2011

Data on L. hardjo infection of dairy cows in the world pint out its important role in the occurrence of health and economic problem. L. interrogans serotype hardjo has been described as the cause of miscarriages, stillbirts, or the birhs of poorly vital calves, agalactia, mastitis, and low fertility in cows. Two L. hardjo genotypes have been identified in cows, namely, hardjopraitno and hardjobovis. Serological investigations have established a drastic increase in this leptospiral infection in cows. L. hardjo has become adapted to cattle as the primary host, so that an infection is maintained in herds and becomes deeply rooted because of the permanent presence of the source of infection. It was believed that sheep were accidental hosts, but the latest research suggest that they are yet another, transitory, host for maintining this leptospira serotype. L. hardjo is also important from the aspect of human health, especially of persons who are professionally exposed to this infection. L. hardjo infection is detected using serological tests and by proving the presence of leptospira. The medicine of choice in the therapy of leptospiral infections is streptomycin (DSM). Therapy using oxytetracyclines for clinical mastitis was also proven effective. Treatment is most successful in the early stage of the disease. A single dose of streptomycin administered in infected herds reduces the duration period of leptospira excretion through urine, thus preventing the spread of infection thorugh contaminated urine. The basic components of the plan to contain leptospira are the following: serological investigations, sanitary-higiene measures, the elimination of animals which excrete leptospira through urine, therapy, vaccination, quarantine.
Apoptosis as form of natural ovarian cell death
Authors: Radovanovic Anita , Stevanovic Jelka , Gledic Dusan
Published: October 2011

Different hormones, cytokines, the absence of growth factors, and others, are some of the signals for initiating apoptosis in ovarian cells. Each of them in its own way, trigger apoptosis as a form of death in which the cell actively participates by precisely implementing a genetically programmed sequence of biochemical and morphological changes which lead to selfdestruction. Apoptosis is a physiological form of death, which helps establish a dynamic balance among proiliferation, differenciation, and death of ovarian cells. It has been confirmed so far that follicular cells oocytes, cells of the germinal epithelium, theca cells, and corpus luteum cells die through apoptosis. The physiological deaths of these cells are an integral part of normal ovarian function, both during intrauterine and postnatal life. Namely, during intrauterine ovarian development, about half the total number of germinative cells (future oocytes) die through apoptosis and their population is gradually reduced after birth by so-called selection of follicles which will continue further growth (folliculogenesis) and the apoptosis of cells of those follicles which will be subjected to atresion. Most ovarian cells die by apoptosis continuously until the end of the reproductive life period of healthy females, and some can continue dieing in this way until the death of the given individual (e.g. germinal epithelium cells).
Possibility of treating Varroa acariasis (Varroa jacobsoni oud) with natural substances
Authors: Bacandritsos N. , Bourbos E. , Anastassiadou Helena
Published: October 2011

Bee acariasis, caused by the mite Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans [26], represents a serious problem for apiculture. It is caused primarily due to the application of synthetic chemical miticides, which under certain conditions may result in the parasitism of bees. They become vulnerable to chemical treatment, along with probable deterioration of the quality of honey produced. This assay examines the possibility of treating bee Varroasis with a mixture of thymol, menthol and ethereal oils of eucalyptus and citronella. This mixture, in different doses, was applied to experimental hives and to regular Langstroh hives by means of specially-prepared pieces of moss. The greatest efficacy (89.71-90.20%) was found in both hives when the mixture was used in a dosage of 15 grams of thymol to one gram of menthol, 3 ml eucalyptus oil and 1 ml citronella.
Antibacterial effect and cytotoxic effect of supercritical extraction of thyme and thyme extract obtained through hydrodistillation process
Authors: Misic Dusan , Nisavic Jakov , Zizovic Irena , Ivanovic Jasna
Published: October 2011

Investigations of antibacterial effect of supercritical extraction of thyme (TNKE) and thyme extract obtained by hydrodistillation (THD) covered 18 bacteria strains from the genuses Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus, including the strains MRSA, the strains VRE, as well as the reference strains S.pyogenes ATCC 19615, S. agalactiae ATCC 27959, S. aureus ATCC 11632, and S.aureus ATCC 25923. The anibacterial effect of thyme extracts was examined using the microdillution method in bouillon, and the cytotoxic effect of thyme extract was examined on the VERO cell line. The obtained values for MIC THD extract ranged from 160?g/mL to 1280?g/mL for all bacteria strains covered by the investigations. The obtained values for MIC TNKE extract were 1280 ?g/mL to 2560 ?g/mL for all examined strains except for 1 strain of S. intermedius of 320 ?g/mL. The examined extracts revealed a cytotoxic effect on the VERO cell line in concentrations higher than 40 ?g/mL.
Analysis of trend in incidence of trichinellosis in pigs before and after systematic deratization
Authors: Mirilovic Milorad , Pejin Ivana , Teodorovic Radislava , Velebit Branko
Published: October 2011

In the territory of Serbia, the occurrence of trichinellosis in domestic pigs has been present for a long number of years. In a ten-year period, a total of 1,224 pigs were registered in one populated area with the diagnosis of a larval form of the parasite T.spiralis. In the middle of the period of examination, a systematic deratization of the complete settlement was carried out, the neighboring garbage dumps, and a pit grave. The systematic deratization was performed using the preparation Brodisan. This preparation is a liquid concentrate for the preparation of bait with 0.25% bromadiolone (3-(3-/-bromobiphenyl-4- il/-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin). The total used quantity of bait for one systematic deratization in this populated area was 4,840 kg. Analyzing the tendency of the incidence of positive pigs in the period before the systematic deratization, we established that the average annual increase was around 70 pigs (b=69.30). The best adapted line of movement of the number of positive pigs was a third degree polynomial (?=185.20- 304.10x + 147.10x2-16.75x3), because its correlation coefficient is the biggest (rxy=0.96). The analysis of the trend in the number of infected pigs after the systematic deratization was performed in the examined area, it was established on the grounds of the negative parameter b of the straight line trend, that the average annual reduction in the number of infected pigs was 39.80. The tendency of a reduction of the number of infected pigs following the systematic deratization is best described by a second degree polynomial (?=307.2- 109.23x + 11.57x2) because its correlation coefficient is rxy=0.98.