bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic Patterns of Parotid Fluid Proteins from Caries-Resistant and Caries-Susceptible Individuals
Authors: Balekjian A.Y. , Meyer T.S. , Montague M.E. , Longton R.W.
Published: November 2010

Parotid saliva samples from caries-resistant and caries-rampant individuals were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel slabs. The parotid saliva of the caries-rampant group showed a significantly higher level of anode-migrating proteins, predominantly isoamylases, and a significantly lower level of cathode-migrating proteins than that of the caries-resistant group in both paraffin-stimulated and sour lemon-stimulated salivary flows.
Investigation of Possible Solvents for Extracellular Polysaccharides from Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis
Authors: Lamberts B.L. , Meyer T.S. , Simonson L.G.
Published: November 2010

The solubilities of extracellular polysaccharide fractions produced by 14 oral streptococcal strains were compared in water, aqueous lithium and guanidine salt solutions, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and a 9:1 DWSO-water mixture. The best results for solubilizing the fractions were obtained with the DMSO-water mixture procedure, which used the water and DMSO in sequence. By this method all of the fractions were solubilized.
Effects of Dietary Sucrose Levels on Extracellular Polysaccharide Metabolism of Human Dental Plaque
Authors: Gawronski Thomas H. , Staat Robert A. , Zaki Hussein A. , Harris Robert S. , Folke Lars E.A.
Published: November 2010

The effects of increased and low dietary sucrose levels on the biochemical activities and composition of 4- and 12-day plaque were investigated in eight young men. The subjects were fed supervised, nutritionally adequate diets. Dextran hydrolase, levan hydrolase, and total carbohydrate content were increased during a sucrose-rich diet while invertase activity was decreased. Base-extractable carbohydrate was decreased in four-day plaque during the sucrose-rich diet. Glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase activity, buffer-soluble carbohydrate, and buffer-soluble protein were also determined.
Localization of Amylase in Major Salivary Glands of the Guinea Pig
Authors: Smith Richard J. , Frommer Jack
Published: November 2010

The localization of amylase activity in the major salivary glands of adult male and female guinea pigs was determined by a substrate film technique. Parotid and submandibular glands showed intense activity localized to the acini. Only a weak reaction in the lumen of intralobular ducts was observed in sublingual glands. The sex differences in amylase activity reported in other commonly studied laboratory rodents were not detected in this species.
In Vivo and In Vitro Corrosion Products of Dental Amalgam
Authors: Sarkar N.K. , Marshall G.W. , Moser J.B. , Greener E.H.
Published: November 2010

Corrosion products of amalgam produced in Ringer's solution were compared with products formed in vivo using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and Potentiostatic anodic polarization. The corrosion products in an old amalgam were probably a mixture of tin-oxide and tin oxychloride. In vitro corrosion of fresh amalgam resulted in the buildup of similar products.
Continuous in Vitro Measurement of Mouse Salivary Gland Enzymes
Authors: Schuster G.S. , Pashley D.H. , Palmer M.P. , Sharawy M.M.
Published: November 2010

A perifusion chamber technique is described that permits continuous measurement of the in vitro release of salivary enzymes from slices of mouse salivary glands responding to various stimuli. Kinetics of amylase secretion differed from those of esterase, which suggests that the secretory processes differ for these two enzymes.
Localization of Rate-Limiting Barrier to Penetration of Endotoxin Through Nonkeratinized Oral Mucosa In Vitro
Authors: Alfano Michael C. , Drummond James F. , Miller Sanford A.
Published: November 2010

The penetration of tritiated bacterial endotoxin through nonkeratinized oral mucosal epithelium was studied using an in vitro model system and radioautographic tracer techniques. The basement membrane region of the epithelium was the rate-limiting barrier to penetration, and this barrier effect was independent of the direction and duration of penetration as well as any clearance effects of the vasculature.
Feulgen Microspectrophotometry of Oral Cancer and Leukoplakia
Authors: Doyle John L. , Manhold John H.
Published: November 2010

Feulgen microspectrophotometry was performed using the two wavelength method on 33 lesions and showed that five of ten carcinomas and 12 of 16 leukoplakias had diploid cell lines. This correlates well with similar findings in cervical cancer and dysplasia suggesting that changes in nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid content occur quite early in the evolution of cancer.
Fluoride in Dog Parotid Saliva After Intravenous Administration of Sodium Fluoride, Sodium Monofluorophosphate, and Calcium Fluoride
Authors: Feller Ralph P. , Shannon Ira L.
Published: November 2010

Sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, or calcium fluoride, in amounts equivalent to 0.5 mg/kg, were given intravenously to dogs and the effect on parotid saliva F was determined. Significant (P < 0.01) differences in saliva F levels were related to the ionization of NaF, the hydrolysis of the PO3F ion, and the insolubility of CaF2.
SEM Investigation of the Variability of Enamel Surfaces After Simulated Clinical Acid Etching for Pit and Fissure Sealants
Authors: Marshall G.W. , Olson L.M. , Lee C.V.
Published: November 2010

Etching preferentially occurs on cuspal inclines and on premolars vs molars. After longer times, etching occurs near the pits and fissures. Enamel rods etch at cores and prism borders simultaneously in the same area. Longer etching times produce more enamel surface relief, permitting better sealant adaption to the enamel.
Examination of the Test for Compressive Strength Applied to Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cements
Authors: Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The test for compressive strength has been studied using zinc oxide eugenol cements. The distribution of results is negatively skewed; however, removal of outlying results converts it to a normal one. Test parameters have little effect on results with the exception of the shape of the test cylinder.
Sequential Electron Microscopic Healing Study of Grafted Palatal Mucosa
Authors: Weinstein Robert A. , Rubinstein Alicia S. , Choukas Nicholas C.
Published: November 2010

At the ultrastructural level, regeneration of frozen and thawed human palatal autogenic grafts is almost complete 30 days posttransplantation. A sequential study of the regenerative process, which is effected via the basal cell layer, as well as a description of newly formed structures observed in the tissue are discussed.
Excretion of Barbiturates into Induced Parotid Saliva of the Rat
Authors: Piraino Anthony J. , Digregorio G. John , Nagle B.T.
Published: November 2010

Anesthetic doses of barbiturates administered to rats were excreted into the parotid saliva. Plasma-saliva concentration ratios were compared to several physicochemical parameters-lipid-water partition coefficient (L/W), degree of ionization, and plasma protein binding-of which L/W appears to correlate best with the excretion of barbiturates into parotid saliva.
Development and Evaluation of Porous Dental Implants in Miniature Swine
Authors: Karagianes M.T. , Westerman R.E. , Rasmussen J.J. , Lodmell A.M.
Published: November 2010

Porous metallic and ceramic dental implants were designed, fabricated, and implanted into fresh and healed alveolar sites of extracted mandibular premolar teeth in miniature swine. Bone ingrowth securely anchored the implants; intraoral devices were later at tached to study the effects of stress on im plant stability.
Regression-Based Techniques for Estimating Fluoride in Surface Enamel in Large Study Groups
Authors: Bookstein Fred , Depaola Paul F. , Warram James
Published: November 2010

A technique is described for the estimation of fluoride (F) in enamel samples of varying weight. The data are used to derive a generalized relationship of F to sample weight that permits the adjustment of any observed F value to the "expected" value at a standaidized weight.
Continuous Culture Studies on the Growth and Physiology of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: White G.E. , Cooney C.L. , Sinskey A.J. , Miller S.A.
Published: November 2010

We examined the effects of nutritional limitations on the production of lactic acid by Streptococcus mutans grown at low growth rates in continuous culture. Lactic acid production was greater in nitrogen- and phosphate-limited continuous cultures than in glucose-limited conditions. These results are correlated with the release of calcium from enamel in cellfree broths from various fermentations.
Clinical Studies of Dental Cements: V. Recall Evaluation of Restorations Cemented with a Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement and a Zinc Phosphate Cement
Authors: Silvey Ralph G. , Myers George E.
Published: November 2010

Patients with restorations cemented with a reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement and a zinc phosphate cement were recalled after a four- to seven-year interval. No significant differences in clinical success were observed between restorations luted with the two cements. No significant difference in the incidence of caries at the restoration margins was noted between the cements.
Zinc Polycarboxylate Cements: A Chemical Study of Erosion and Its Relationship to Molecular Structure
Authors: Crisp Stephen , Lewis Brian G. , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The erosion of zinc polycarboxylate cements by water was studied by chemical techniques. In three months, the elution rate diminished. The erosion pattern of each cement was related to the type of polyacid present in the cement. Relatively large amounts of magnesium were eluted. A mechanism of hydrolysis is proposed.
Four Variables Affecting Magnitude of Dentrifice Abrasiveness
Authors: Harte D.B. , Manly R.S.
Published: November 2010

Abrasion studies were done to evaluate which factors in addition to dentifrice abrasive will affect the wear caused by brushing dentin with abrasives. The factors were concentration, diluent, brush brand, brush hardness, and temperature of testing. Hard brushes were found to cause higher abrasion and glycerine to cause low abrasion. Concentration, brush brand, and temperature were significant influences and there were four interactions. Apparently, no single set of conditions will suffice for testing dentifrice abrasiveness.
Enhanced Fluoride Uptake in Enamel with a Fluoride-Impregnated Prophylactic Cup
Authors: Stookey George K. , Stahlman Donald B.
Published: November 2010

A series of in vitro studies were conducted with an experimental fluoride-containing prophylactic cup. The results of these studies indicated that the cups released significant amounts of tin and fluoride during a prophylaxis and served to increase the fluoride content of enamel when used with either pumice or fluoride-containing prophy pastes with a low pH.
Inability of Low Levels of Sorbitol and Mannitol to Support Caries Activity in Rats
Authors: Shaw James H.
Published: November 2010

Under the conditions of this experimental environment, 5 or 10% sorbitol or mannitol in diets containing 62 or 57% corn starch, respectively, was not capable of supporting caries activity in rats at a more rapid rate than starch.
Caseinolytic and Glyoprotein Hydrolase Activity of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Cowman R.A. , Perrella M.M. , Fitzgerald R.J.
Published: November 2010

After the sonic rupture of Streptococcus mutans cells, two fractions were obtained. The soluble cell contents hydrolyzed casein but not porcine gastric glycoprotein. The cell-debris fraction showed proteolytic activity on both casein and gastric glycoprotein. Glycoprotein hydrolase activity also was demonstrated in the medium from which the cells were harvested.
Observations on Calcium-Induced Stability of Salivary Proteins in a Lipid-Extraction System
Authors: Johnson A.R.
Published: November 2010

Modification of a lipid extraction method was used to demonstrate the ability of calcium to stabilize salivary proteins in an aqueous solution. Gel electrophoretic patterns showed that slowly migrating components were most affected. Several biologically active factors are implicated to be among those stabilized.
Deciduous Tooth Chronology in the Mandible of the Domestic Pig
Authors: Bivin W. Sheldon , Mc Clure Robert C.
Published: November 2010

Specimens of known age, weight, and crown-rump length were used to characterize the chronology and histological development of the deciduous teeth in the right mandible of swine. Special observations were made concerning the deciduous origin of the first premolar tooth.
Follow-Up Studies of Cortisone Teratogenicity in CD1 Strain Mice
Authors: Loevy Hannelore T.
Published: November 2010

Female newborns of cortisone-injected CD, strain of mice were mated to siblings, were then injected during pregnancy with 5 mg of cortisone on either the 11 th or the 12th day of gestation, and were killed one day after delivery. The incidence of induced cleft palate was as high as the incidence of cortisone-induced cleft palate previously reported for this strain.
DMBA and Immunosuppression in the Syrian Golden Hamster
Authors: Gould A. R.
Published: November 2010

The immunosuppresive effects of topically applied 9, 10 dimethyl 1, 2 benzanthracene (DMBA) were investigated in the Syrian Golden hamster. Tri-weekly doses of DMBA were administered, zith some hamsters receiving both DMBA and X-radiation. DMBA and DMBA-plus-radiation groups demonstrated decreased immune responsiveness relative to their control counterparts. Potential immuntosuppressive effects of carcinogen and carcinoma are discussed.
Magnification—An Interesting Optical Property of Dentin
Authors: Walton R.E. , Outhwaite W.C. , Pashley D.F.
Published: November 2010

Thin disks of calcified and decalcified coronal dentin were examined for optical properties. When images were transmitted from a pulpal-to-occlusal direction, the image was magnified ; when the disks were inverted, the image was reduced in size. Magnification is presumably the result of the divergence of dentinal tubules. The image transmission may be a light-pipe or fiberoptic phenomenon.
Studies on Hypoxia: XII. Detrimental Effects of Synthetic Polyribonucleotides on Epiphyseal Plates of Rats Exposed to Hypoxia
Authors: Koo C.S. , Kim M.K. , Han S.S.
Published: November 2010

The effect of different doses of polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids (poly A:U) was studied in control rats and in rats exposed to hypoxia. In the control rats, administration of different doses of poly A:U did not change the thickness of the epiphyseal plate or increase the incorporation of3H- phenylalanine as judged using radioautography. Rats exposed to hypoxia showed a significant dose-related reduction in the thickness of the epiphyseal plate and 3H- phenylalanine incorporation.
Heart Rate and Physical Activity of Children During Dental Treatment
Authors: Rosenberg Howard M. , Katcher Aaron Honori
Published: November 2010

Body movements and heart rate were measured during dental treatment in 58 children 3 to 12 years of age. The heart rate increased in 85% of the 34 children who moved during intraoral injection. The heart rate decreased in 71% of the children with no overt body movement during intraoral injection.
Concentration of Thiocyanate and Ionizable Iodine in Saliva of Smokers and Nonsmokers
Authors: Tenovuo Jorma , Makinen Kauko K.
Published: November 2010

A total of 27 smokers and 92 nonsmokers were analyzed for salivary thiocyanate and ionizable iodine concentrations. Smoking statistically increased the amount of thiocyanate and decreased that of iodine in the saliva samples significantly. Male smokers. had significantly more thiocyanate and less ionizable iodine in saliva than female smokers.
Specification Test for the Solubility and Disintegration of Dental Cements: A Critical Evaluation of Its Meaning
Authors: Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The meaning of this test and its relationship to the cement-forming reaction is discussed. Although useful for quality control, it gives an imperfect account of clinical durability. It cannot be used to compare different classes of cement and has little meaning if the products of hydrolysis are insoluble or volatile.
Addition of Fluoride to Pit and Fissure Sealants-A Feasibility Study
Authors: Swartz M.L. , Phillips R.W. , Norman R.D. , Elliason S. , Rhodes B.F. , Clark H.E.
Published: November 2010

A laboratory study was conducted to explore the possibility of imparting an anticariogenic property to the resins used as pit and fissure sealants via the addition of NaF to the materials. The addition of NaF in amounts of 2 to 5% appreciably reduced enamel solubility and increased its fluoride content without impairment of physical properties.
Load-Extension-Time Behavior of Orthodontic Alastiks
Authors: Kovatch J.S. , Lautenschlager E.P. , Apfel D.A. , Keller J.C.
Published: November 2010

The load-extension curves of Alastiks were found to be sensitive to both the degree and rate of extension. When halting at a constant extension, the exponential load decay was also dependent on the initial deformation rate. The results suggest that clinically these modules should be stretched slowly to position.
Radiographic Spatial Frequencies Essential to the Diagnosis of Incipient Interproximal Lesions
Authors: Webber R.L. , Koziol P.H.
Published: November 2010

The effects of selective obscuration of dental radiographs containing known incipient interproximal lesions suggest that the amount of resolution required for reliable diagnosis is anisotropic and can be related to the spatial frequency characteristics of the image. Frequencies less than the limiting resolution of existing screen-film techniques seem to be particularly important.
Effect of Brushing the Teeth with a Fluoride-Containing and Fluoridefree Dentifrice on the Gingiva of Dogs
Authors: Brayer L. , Rennert H. , Gedalia I.
Published: November 2010

No retardation in the improvement of the gingival condition occurs after brushing the teeth with a dentifrice that contains fluoride. Gingival indexes and gingival fluid appeared to be related. The range of the gingival index was much narrower than that of the amount of gingival fluid.
Chromatographic Properties of Denatured Skin and Bone Collagens on Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Nawrot C.F. , Mittelstadt J.K. , Kuo M.
Published: November 2010

Denatured collagen samples extracted from the skin and bone of lathyritic rats with guanidine hydrochloride were chromatographed on hydroxyapatite columns. A major fraction of the bone extract that was rich in a chain showed a stronger binding to hydroxyapatite when compared to the corresponding fraction from skin. Thus, bone collagen shows a special affinity for hydroxyapatite after isolation and denaturation.
A Medium for the Isolation and Enumeration of Oral Actinomycetaceae from Dental Plaque
Authors: Beighton D. , Colman G.
Published: November 2010

A supplemented, infusion-based medium that supports the growth of most oral Actinomycetaceae is described. The inclusion of NaF and colistin sulfate enabled actinomyces to be isolated from dental plaque in the Presence of few other oral microorganisms.
Influence of Amalgam, Alloy, and Mercury on the in Vitro Growth of Streptococcus mutans: II. Comparison of Amalgams and Alloys
Authors: Nunez Loys J. , Schmalz Gottfried , Hembree John , Hulett Lester D.
Published: November 2010

The influence of three alloys and their amalgams on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans has been estimated. Spherical, fine cut, and dispersion alloys were studied. Dispersion alloy amalgams seem to inhibit bacterial growth more than amalgams prepared from the other alloys in a similar fashion.
Finite Element Stress Analysis of the Crowns of Normal and Restored Teeth
Authors: Yettram A.L. , Wright K.W.J. , Pickard H.M.
Published: November 2010

Stress distributions are Presented for a normal and a restored mandibular second premolar under masticatory-type forces. These were obtained using the finite element method of stress analysis aPPlied to two-dimensional models. The effect of the relative stiffness of the materials is examined in each instance.
Reactions in Glass Ionomer Cements: V. Effect of Incorporating Tartaric Acid in the Cement Liquid
Authors: Crisp Stephen , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

A description is given of the effect on the ASPA cement reaction of tartaric acid incorporated in the cement liquid. Tartaric acid acts as an accelerator that aids in the extraction of ions from the aluminosilicate glass and facilitates their binding to the polyanion chains. Postgelation hardening is significantly increased. Working time is unaffected possibly because cations are initially present as complexes.
Glass Ionomer Cements: Chemistry of Erosion
Authors: Crisp Stephen , Lewis Brian G. , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

A three-month study of the chemistry of the water erosion of two forms of ASPA cement has been made. The effect of varying cement consistency and cure time was investigated. The results are discussed in terms of the known chemistry and structure of the cement. The erosion behavior is compared to that of silicate, silicophosphate, and zinc polycarboxylate dental cements. The state of absorbed water and the mechanism of erosion is discussed.
Surface Properties of Hydroxyapatite : I. The Effect of Various Inorganic Ions on the Electrophoretic Behavior
Authors: Doss S.K.
Published: November 2010

The zeta potential of hydroxyapatite (HA) at a constant pH depends on the type of acid used. Fluoride ions increase the charge density and make the surface less prone to attack by acid or alkali. Sn2+ and Th4+ form ionic complexes with fluoride ions and increase the uptake of fluoride by HA.
Magnesium in Bone Mineral: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ophaug R.H. , Singer L.
Published: November 2010

The solubility of magnesium in bone mineral from control and magnesium-deficient rats receiving varying fluoride intakes was assessed. Evidence for the existence of a fluoride-related pool of skeletal magnesium possessing a diminished solubility was obtained.
Calcification of Membranes Isolated from
Authors: Vogel James J. , Smith Willard N.
Published: November 2010

Lytic cultures of Bacterionema matruchotii were found to release vesicular membranes into the medium which could be obtained virtually free of other cell structures by differential centrifugation. Suspension of the membrane fraction in a metastable calcium phosphate solution resulted in the formation of both amorphous mineral and hydroxyapatite. Examination by electron microscopy showed that mineralization was associated with the membrane bilayers. The results provide further evidence that calcification of B matruchotii is related to intracytoplasmic membranes.
Analysis of the Dextranase Activity Produced by an Oral Strain of Bacteroides ochraceus
Authors: Staat Robert H. , Schachtele Charles F.
Published: November 2010

An anaerobic, gram-negative, dextranase-producing filamentous bacterium isolated from human dental plaque has been identified as a strain of Bacteroides ochraceus. The inducible intracellular dextran-degrading activities produced by this microorganism can be fractionated inta endohydrolytic and exohydrolytic enzymes with distinct pH optima. These enzymes reduce the apparent rate of glucan production from sucrose by the dextransucrase produced by Streptococcus mutans and consequently may influence the in vivo production of polysaccharides involved in plaque accumulation and metabolism.
Primate Pulpal Response to Ultraviolet Light-Polymerized Direct-Bonding Material Systems
Authors: Myers C.L. , Stanley H.R. , Heyde J.B. , Chamberlain J.
Published: November 2010

An enamel acid-conditioning (etching) solution, an ultraviolet (UV) light-polymerized lining, and an UV light-polymerized composite restorative resin are not injurious to the primate dental pulp in deep cavity preparations providing the floor of the tooth cavity is lined with CaOH before material system placement.
Videotape Modeling of the Child Dental Patient
Authors: Fields Henry , Pinkham Jimmy
Published: November 2010

One week before their first dental visit, 36-to 60-month-old children were shown a videotape to model their behavior in the dental situation. The behavior was then rated for three visits. The children who had been modeled did not behave significantly better than either children who had no previous contact with the dental setting or children who had visited the reception room one week before their first dental visit.
A New Abrasive Applicator for Human Enamel Biopsy Procedures
Authors: Mellberg J.R. , Hefferren J.J. , Nicholson C.R. , Zimmerman M. , Rubin M.
Published: November 2010

Experiments were performed that demonstrated that the felt cylinder usually used to obtain abrasive biopsy specimens did not uniformly remove enamel from rounded or irregular enamel surfaces in the window area. A foam-silicone rubber laminate was developed to replace the felt cylinder. This resulted in greater uniformity of abrasion over the enamel surface within the biopsy window area and better operator handling characteristics.
Structure and Effects of Non-gamma-2 Amalgam
Authors: Takatsu Toshio , Iwaku Masaaki , Fusayama Takao
Published: November 2010

A non-γ2 amalgam was investigated using optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and a micro hardness test. Its improved mechanical properties seem to be the result of the remarkable hardness of reaction rings. Its decreased marginal fracture seems to be caused by the absence of the corrosion-prone γ 2 phase which may cause extrusion of the margins.
Effect of Topical Application of Fluoride on the Healing Rate of Experimental Calvarial Defects in Rats
Authors: Biller T. , YosipoVitch Z. , Gedalia I.
Published: November 2010

Bone gain was achieved after topical application of fluoride. Fluoride has a strong promoting effect on osteogenesis and accelerates the repair process of defects in membranous bone. No major histological differences are evident in the newly formed bone.
Lymphatic Vessels of the Human Dental Pulp
Authors: Bernick Sol
Published: November 2010

Lymphatic vessels of the human pulp were traced in noncarious human teeth. Lymph capillaries originated as blind sacs among the odontoblasts and in the pulp proper. They emptied into thin-walled, irregular-shaped collecting vessels that accompanied veins in their course through the pulp. The conducting vessels pass through the root as individual units before exiting through the apical foramens.
Dental Condition of Two Tribes of Taiwan Aborigines-Ami and Atayal
Authors: Liu Khang-Lee
Published: November 2010

A low incidence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and malocclusion was demonstrated by this study of 166 Ami and 128 Atayal Taiwan aborigine adolescents. As for dental morphology, a high frequency of shovel-shaped incisors and Carabelli's trait but a relatively low frequency of protostylid were noticed as well as the sex dimorphism of tooth size.
Role of Attrition and Occlusal Contact in the Physiology of the Rat Incisor: XI. Kinetics of Inner Enamel Epithelium During Severely Impeded Eruption
Authors: Bar-Lev M. , Michaeli Y. , Zajicek G. , Weinreb M.M.
Published: November 2010

Under conditions of high impediment, the rate of eruption of the rat incisor decreases considerably as does the rate of cell production of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE). The latter is accomplished by a decrease in the size of the proliferative compartment and an increase in the generation time. A linear relation exists between IEE cell production and tooth eruption, and cell production can be estimated from eruption measurements.
Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: An Antibiotic-Suppressed Rat Model for Studies of Pathogenesis
Authors: Michalek Suzanne M. , McGhee Jerry R.
Published: November 2010

A simple and effective method of antibiotic suppression of the total indigenous microbial flora of rat dams and their offspring has been developed. This method allowed more effective challenge and subsequent colonization of wean-ling rat pups with a test Streptococcus mutans, since S mutans 6715 was isolated from 95% of the treated rats and only 50% of the non-treated offspring following challenge with a single inoculum of this test microorganism.
Biochemical and Morphological Studies of Rat Submandibular Gland: III. Effects of Testosterone Treatment on Proteins of Granule-Rich Fraction
Authors: Hanks C.T. , Ghakrabarti S.G.
Published: November 2010

Mature adult male rats and castrated and testosterone-treated castrated adult rats were injected with pilocarpine HGL and 3-H-lysine and sacrificed sequentially over an eight-hour time period. Following homogenization and differential centrifugation, three subcellular fractions from each group of animals were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and liquid scintillation. Two proteins in the granule-rich fraction appeared in larger amounts on the densitometric scans and appeared to represent a larger proportion of newly synthesized proteins than the other proteins.
Reduction of Dental Decay in Rampant Caries Individuals Following Short-Term Kanamycin Treatment
Authors: Loesche W.J. , Bradbury D.R. , Woolfolk M.P.
Published: November 2010

A week of kanamycin gel treatment before and after the placement of dental restorations, compared to a placebo gel treatment, significantly reduced the levels of cultivable bacteria, S mutans and S sanguis, in the plaque samples collected immediately after the completion of the gel treatments, and was associated with a 46% reduction in new carious surfaces in the 14- to 37-month period following the gel treatment.
Antiproliferative Effects of 9-P-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine in a Mammalian Cell Line Devoid of Adenosine Deaminase Activity
Authors: Drach John C. , Sandberg Jean N. , Shipman Charles
Published: November 2010

The antiviral drug arabinosyladenine inhibited cellular growth and DNA synthesis in an adenosine deaminase-negative cell line (B-mix K-44/6). Use of adenosine deaminase-containing calf serum in the culture medium reversed the drug-induced inhibition and resulted in a recovery of both mitosis and the rate of DNA synthesis.
Changes in Rat Parotid Salivary Proteins Induced by Chronic Isoproterenol Administration
Authors: Robinovitch Murray R. , Keller Patricia J. , Johnson Dorthea A. , Iversen Jeanne M. , Kauffman Dorothy L.
Published: November 2010

Changes in the rat parotid gland and its secretion, brought about by chronic isoproterenol administration, were studied. In addition to the expected enlargement, morphological and biochemical analyses of the glands showed evidence of changes in the secretory components. Chromatographic and electrophoretic experiments revealed both qualitative and quantitative changes in the secretory proteins.
Hardening of Gold-Based Alloys
Authors: Leinfelder Karl F. , Taylor Duane F.
Published: November 2010

The relationships between composition, heat treatment, hardness and microstructure have been investigated for a number of commercial dental casting alloys and for several series of experimental gold-silver-copper compositions. The results indicate that at least two distinct hardening mechanisms must occur in these alloys.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous-Rooted Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Dental Implants
Authors: Klawitter Jerome J. , Weinstein Allen M. , Peterson Larry J.
Published: November 2010

A compaction-agglomeration fabrication technique has been developed to produce polymethylmethacrylate dental implants having a porous coating on the root portion. This process allows control of pore structure enabling ingrowth of either bone or fibrous tissue. The relationships between mechanical properties and pore microstructure have been determined for materials produced by this process. The mechanical properties of the porous coating can be estimated from these relationships.
Collagenolysis by Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Lines
Authors: Rose George G. , Robertson Paul B.
Published: November 2010

Human gingival fibroblast cell lines were initiated in flask cultures from four periodontal patients with the diagnoses of periodontitis (two patients), fibromatosis, and Dilantin hyperplasia. The collagenolytic propensity of these fibroblasts cultivated on collagen-coated cover slips and the inhibitory effect of serum were evaluated by direct microscopic observations.
The Turnover of Collagen in the Dental Pulp of Rat Incisors
Authors: Orlowski Walter A.
Published: November 2010

The turnover of collagen in the dental pulp was studied using H3-proline and micro chemical techniques. The incorporation of label into the whole tissue was very high, with most of the label being incorporated into the noncollagenous substances. The rate of disappearance of label from collagen approximated the disappearance of label from noncollagenous components, suggesting that the whole pulp was undergoing rapid remodeling. There seems to be more than one metabolic pool of collagen.
Recrystallization of Compacted Gold Foil Specimens
Authors: Schloyer D.D. , Winchell P.G. , Phillips R.W. , Lund M.R.
Published: November 2010

Gold foil specimens were compacted by a technique commonly used in preparing dental restorations. Their recrystallization behavior for temperatures between 100 and 300 C was followed by the associated decrease in hardness, discontinuous increase in grain size, and disappearance of X-ray line broadening. The empirical dependnece of time, t, (in minutes) for 50% recrystallization on annealing temperature (in K), T, is approximately log10 t = - 12.3 + 6.5 × 1,000/T, indicating a recrystallization time greater than 100 years.
Secretion of Drugs by the Parotid Glands of Rats and Human Beings
Authors: Di Gregorio G. John , Piraino Anthony J. , Nagle Barbara T. , Knaiz Eileen K.
Published: November 2010

The following drugs have been demonstrated to be secreted by the parotid glands of rats and human beings: amobarbital, chlorpromazine, codeine, glutethimide, meprobamate, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital. Methadone could not be detected in the parotid saliva of either rats or human beings, and morphine has been demonstrated only in parotid saliva of rats.
Influence of Growth Hormone and Thyroxine on Endochondral Osteogenesis in the Mandibular Condyle and Proximal Tibial Epiphysis
Authors: Hoskins William E. , Asling C. Willet
Published: November 2010

Interrelationships of growth hormone and thyroxine effects on endochondral osteogenesis have been investigated. Evidence is offered that thyroxine augments the effect of growth hormone on the mandibular condyle just as at other osteogenetic centers, for example proximal tibial epiphysis in hypophysectomized rats. This contrasts with previous reports of a unique thyroxine antagonism to the effect of growth hormone on condylar development. In a further study on tibial epiphysis, special attention was given to assure absence of the endogenous thyroid hormone by adding thyroidectomy to hypophysectomy and reducing the possibility of thyroteopin residues in growth hormone. By histochemical tests, the responses of both calcified and non calcified regions of the epiphyseal cartilage plate were measured. Graded growth hormone doses stimulated graded response in a noncalcified region. Thyroxine augmented this response eightfold. The width of the calcified region of the plate did not vary with treatment.
Comparison of Antiplaque Agents Using an In Vitro Assay Reflecting Oral Conditions
Authors: Evans R.T. , Baker P.J. , Coburn R.A. , Genco R.J.
Published: November 2010

An in vitro assay is described using saliva-treated bovine enamel slabs for determining the potential of chemotherapeutic agents to adsorb to tooth surfaces and act against plaque-forming bacteria. Chlorhexidine was found to inhibit the formation of in vitro plaque by Actinomyces viscosus, A naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans and S sanguis. Actinobolin was found to have marked antibacterial properties but limited adsorptive qualities.
Effect of Interdental Flossing on the Incidence of Proximal Caries in Children
Authors: Wright G.Z. , Banting D.W. , Feasby W.H.
Published: November 2010

A clinical study was designed to evaluate the effect of frequent interdental flossing on the incidence of proximal dental caries. School children from a fluoride-deficient area were studied after clinical and radiographic examinations. Each child had at least one contralateral pair of intact, contacting proximal tooth surfaces between the distal surface of the primary cuspid and the mesial surface of the first permanent molar. Randomly selected test surfaces were flossed each school day with unwaxed dental floss by researchers. The contralateral surfaces served as controls. Flossing was done for eight months, discontinued for four months, and reinstituted for another eight months. A significant reduction in the incidence of proximal caries resulted.
A Plastic Intraoral Device for the Collection of Human Parotid Saliva
Authors: Schaefer Milton E. , Rhodes Marsha , Prince Shirley , Michalek Suzanne M. , McGhee Jerry R.
Published: November 2010

A plastic intraoral (10) cup developed to facilitate collection of human parotid saliva was tested on two groups of patients. Samples collected in both IO and tubed cups exhibited no significant differences in lysozyme or lactoperoxidase activity, levels of total protein or secretory IgA, or in flow rates. Results suggest that the IO cup provides a simple, reliable method for collecting parotid saliva.
Rotational Viscometry of a Zinc Phosphate and a Zinc Polyacrylate Cement
Authors: Vermilyea S. , Powers J.M. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

The rheological properties of a zinc phosphate and a zinc polyacrylate cement were investigated using a rotational viscometer. The effects of time, temperature, shear rate, and spindle geometry on the measured viscosities were evaluated. Results indicated that both cements exhibited Newtonian behavior.
Separation of Fucosyltransferase and Endogenous Acceptors of Fucose from Human Parotid Saliva
Authors: Nakamura R. , Shizukuishi S. , Taniguchi T. , Iwasaki E. , Shibata S. , Tsunemitsu A.
Published: November 2010

Using gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and column chromatography on CM-cellulose, fractions containing either endogenous acceptor of L-fucose or fucosyltransferase were obtained from human parotid saliva. Hydrolysis with mild acid followed by Smith degradation increased the fucosyltransferase activity of the fractions that contained endogeneous acceptor.
An Autoradiographic Study of the Sensory Innervation of Teeth. I. Dentin
Authors: Pimenidis M.Z. , Hinds J.W.
Published: November 2010

Autoradiography of axoplasmically transported proteins revealed that the coronal dentin of rat molar teeth receives sensory innervation from the trigeminal ganglion. The labeled processes appear to run in dentinal tubules and sometimes reach the peripheral dentinal region near the enamel.
An Autoradiographic Study of the Sensory Innervation of Teeth. II. Dental Pulp Periodontium
Authors: Pimenidis M.Z. , Hinds J.W.
Published: November 2010

Autoradiography of axoplasmically transported proteins revealed that both dental pulp and periodontium receive sensory innervation from the trigeminal ganglion in the form of plexuses and free and organized sensory receptors, including apparent corpuscular ones. Corpuscular receptors in the pulp suggest this tissue may be responsive to modalities other than pain.
The Effects of Formocresol on Rat Sponge Implant Tissue: A Biochemical Study
Authors: Lazzari Eugene P. , Ranly Don M.
Published: November 2010

An investigation was conducted on the effect of formocresol treatment on the aqueous extractability and enzymatic susceptibility of excised implant tissue. The treated tissue demonstrated a decreased solubility and a diminished digestibility by trypsin, pepsin and collagenase. However, its reactivity toward hyaluronidase showed little alteration.
Investigations into Black Extrinsic Tooth Stain
Authors: Reid J.S. , Beeley J.A. , MacDonald D.G.
Published: November 2010

An investigation has been carried out into the nature of the black pigment in black extrinsic tooth stain. The results suggest that the black material is a ferric salt, probably ferric sulfide, formed by the reaction between hydrogen sulfide produced by bacterial action and iron in the saliva or gingival exudate.
Muscle Spindle Supply to the Human Jaw Muscle
Authors: Kubota Kinziro , Masegi Toshiaki
Published: November 2010

Histological study of the human jaw muscle revealed that the temporal muscle displayed 342 muscle spindles, 208 in the horizontal and 134 in the vertical portion; the masseter muscle contained 114 spindles, 91 in the superficial and 23 in the profound portion; the medial pterygoid muscle had 59; and the lateral pterygoid muscle contained 6, four in the upper head and two in the lower head. These data suggest that the extensive mobility of the temporomandibular joint, and the maintenance of mandibular posture during mastication and speech are strongly influenced by proprioceptive mechanisms.
Estimation of Mesiodistal Width of Permanent Canines and Premolars in Early Mixed Dentition
Authors: Zilberman Yerucham , Koyoumdjisky-Kaye Edith , Vardimon Alexander
Published: November 2010

The accuracy for predicting mesiodistal widths of unerupted permanent canines and Premolars from x-rays and their estimations based on the already erupted permanent teeth were tested in a group of Israeli children. The observed posteruptive widths related more closely to predicted values obtained from x-ray measurements than from tabulated estimations.
Loading Rate and Temperature as Variables in Amalgam Bending
Authors: Reisbick M.H. , Caputo A.A.
Published: November 2010

Three commercial dental amalgams of known dissimilar clinical properties were evaluated in pure blending at widely different loading rates and temperatures. Comparative data of fracture stress at 140 F rank these alloys according to their clinical fracture resistance; the phenomenon of creep may account for early marginal fracture prior to corrosion-induced fracture.
Adhesive Bonding of Various Materials to Hard Tooth Tissues: XIII Synthesis of a Polyfunctional Surface-Active Amine Accelerator
Authors: Antonucci J.M. , Bowen R.L.
Published: November 2010

Surface-active amine polymerization accelerators can be prepared by the reaction of poly-epoxy resins with the sodium salt of N-phenylglycine and N- methyl-p -toluidine. These materials are expected to promote adhesion through complexation with surface calcium (or other metal ions), utilizing several chelating groups per molecule, and by functioning as polymerization accelerators for dental resins; they can also function as catalysts for the anionic polymerization of cyanoacrylate monomers.
Improved Adhesion of Acrylic Restorative Materials to Dental Enamel by Precoating with Monomers Containing Phosphonate Groups
Authors: Farley Eldon P. , Jones Robin L. , Anbar Michael
Published: November 2010

The adhesion of acrylic composite restorative materials to etched dental enamel is increased by a factor of two or more when the enamel is coated with a thin layer of vinylbenzyl phosponic acid (VBPA) prior to forming the enamel-restorative bond. The present results support the suggestion that the enhanced adhesion is attributable to bonding between calcium ions in the enamel surface and phosphonate groups in the VBPA.
Hormonal Responses of Bone in a Continuous Flow Cultural System
Authors: Messer H.H.
Published: November 2010

Calvaria from five-day-old mice incubated in a continuous flow system (10 calvaria per culture chamber with 1 ml volume; flow rate, 1 ml/hr.). In 24-hour cultures, calvaria showed less resorption than in stationary culture. Short-term responses to PTH and calcitonin were similar to those observed in vivo.
Adherence Controlling Elements in Ceramic-Metal Systems. I. Precious Alloys
Authors: Anusavice Kenneth J. , Horner Jack A. , Fairhurst Carl W.
Published: November 2010

Elemental analysis of two precious alloy-ceramic systems revealed the accumulation of Sn atoms within the interaction zone of couples subjected to a range of metal oxidation time; and varying total firing times. The source of Sn atoms which accumulated within the interaction zone was the opaque porcelain layer which contained an initially higher Sn concentration than the alloy. It is hypothesized that SnO2 provides continuity of electronic structure between alloy and ceramic structures and is a primary factor in controlling ceramic-metal adherence.
Effects of Amalgam Restorations on the Periodontal Membrane in Monkeys
Authors: Nasjleti Carlos E. , Castelli Walter A. , Caffesse Raul G.
Published: November 2010

The response of the periodontal membrane to reimplanted teeth carrying amalgam restorations in the middle third of their roots was studied from seven days to six months after grafting. The study revealed that the amalgam restorations produced an initial localized inflammation in the periodontal tissues that subsided subsequently with the formation of a pseudocapsule.
Clinical and Materials Sciences The Effect of Skylab on the Chemical Composition of Saliva
Authors: Brown Lee R. , Frome William J. , Wheatcroft Merrill G. , Riggan Linda J. , Bussell Norman E. , Johnston Dennis A.
Published: November 2010

The levels of specific proteins and electrolytes in stimulated whole saliva were monitored in Skylab crew members before and after each mission. With few exceptions, mission-associated compositional changes in saliva were relatively minimal. There were no changes in Ca++, K+, PO≡4, Cl-, albumin, or IgG concentrntions. There were slight decreases in total protein coinciding with moderate saliva flow rate increases iminediately before and after each flight. Other changes included diminutions in Na+ and lysozyme, and elevations in Mg++ and IgA. The IgA increase was the most pronounced mission-associated change observed.
Effect of SnF2 Mouthrinse on Initial Bacterial Colonization of Tooth Enamel
Authors: Gross Arthur , Tinanoff Norman
Published: November 2010

Microbiologic and electron microscopic techniques were used to observe the effects of SnF2 mouthrinse (100 ppm F-) on early plaque formation in vivo. The results of microbiologic determinations indicated that the total number of bacteria and the number of streptococci were greatly decreased in two-day-old plaque samples. Electron microscopy confirmed the marked reduction of bacterial accumulation.
Effects of an Argon Laser on the Crystalline Properties and Rate of Dissolution in Acid of Tooth Enamel in the Presence of Sodium Fluoride
Authors: Goodman B.D. , Kaufman H.W.
Published: November 2010

Upon exposure to laser radiation, enamel powder mixed with NaF underwent an increase in crystallite size and/or perfection with a significant uptake of fluoride. Incisor teeth lased in the presence of NaF released significantly less calcium and phosphorus into sodium acetate (pH 4.0) compared with unlased controls, suggesting a possible role for the laser in caries prevention.
New Method Evaluates Coupling Agents Bonding Polymer to Tooth Mineral
Authors: Loebenstein W.V. , Kumpula J.W.
Published: November 2010

Polymerized test specimens consist of a Bis-GMA matrix and a filler of synthetic hydroxyapatite previously coated with the coupling agent under investigation. As the concentration of filler increases for a given coupling agent, the specimen's tensile strength decreases. The more effective the coupling agent, the less pronounced is the decrease. Application of the method is proposed for classifying coupling agents as well as providing a means for assessing the weakening effects of environmental exposure.
Reduction in the Modulus of Elasticity in Orthodontic Wires
Authors: Goldberg A. Jon , Vanderby R. , Burstone C.J.
Published: November 2010

The modulus of elasticity of stainless steel orthodontic wires was found to be 20% below the normally assumed range of 19.3 to 20.0 X 104 MPa (28.0 to 29.0 × 106 psi). Use of the latter value can result in significant computational errors in orthodontic applicance mechanics. The lower modulus was attributed to severe cold drawing.