bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing interfacial adhesion and mechanical performance ofPBOfibers composites through mussel‐inspired molecular regulation of interphase structure
Authors: Song Bo , Liu Zhide , Chen Lei , Ma Lichun , Huang Yudong
Published: November 2021

Poor interfacial properties are always one of the bottleneck problems limiting the development of the PBO fiber/epoxy composites. To solve this, we demonstrated a mussel‐inspired molecular regulation strategy of interphase structure using the layer‐by‐layer construction of rigid (PDA) and flexible (PEI) molecules without fiber structure damage. The precise control on the molecular scale can maximally increase the roughness and polar functional group on the fiber surface, thus enhance the chemical bonding and the mechanical interlocking of the interfacial adhesion. In comparison with the untreated fiber, the IFSS and ILSS value of fiber with (PDA/PEI)n have an increment of 86.85% and 80.08%, respectively. Besides, the overall mechanical performance, such as impact strength and dynamic thermal‐mechanical behavior, was also improved significantly, owing to the improved physical‐mechanical attributes of the interphase. In brief, our study presents a non‐destructive interface regulation of PBO fiber composite to enhance its interfacial adhesion and mechanical performance and optimize its structure/function integrated design.
Neuroticism, cancer mortality salience, and physician avoidance in cancer survivors: Proximity of treatment matters
Authors: Boyd Patrick , Murray Ashley B. , Hyams Travis , Sleight Alix G. , Moser Richard P. , Arndt Jamie , Czajkowski Susan M. , Hall Kara
Published: November 2021

Objective

To examine if the relationship between neuroticism and physician avoidance/physician visit concerns are mediated by perceptions that cancer is associated with death (“cancer mortality salience”; CMS) for cancer survivors to inform public health interventions and tailored health communications.

Methods

Cancer survivors comprised 42.3% of the total sample (n = 525). Participants completed a 4‐item neuroticism scale, 4‐item cancer perceptions scale, and 4‐item physician avoidance and concerns scale. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess relationships among variables for cancer survivors and separately for those without a history of cancer.

Results

Neuroticism was positively associated with CMS for cancer survivors, b = 0.26, (p < 0.001), and those without cancer, b = 0.22, (p < 0.001). There was an association between neuroticism and physician avoidance among cancer survivors with temporally distant treatment courses after controlling for CMS, b = 0.56 (p = 0.006), but not for those currently or recently having had undergone treatment (p = 0.949). There was also an indirect relationship between neuroticism and physician visit concerns that was mediated by CMS for cancer survivors, b = 0.07, CI = [0.03, 0.13], but this relationship was again driven by cancer survivors with more distal treatment courses.

Conclusions

High neuroticism in cancer survivors is associated with physician avoidance and physician visit concerns when treatment is temporally distant. Interventions aimed at decoupling the association between cancer and death can help increase the willingness of cancer survivors to attain cancer care follow‐ups and healthcare more generally.
Thermal Decomposition of Photocurable Energetic APNIMMO Polymer
Authors: Yang Weitao , Hu Rui , Li Manman , Xu Minghui , Yang Zhiwei , Meng Lingjie
Published: November 2021

Photocurable energetic polymer contains energetic groups (explosophores) and provides fast curable property for 3D printed propellants. Acrylate‐terminated poly‐3‐nitratomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane (APNIMMO) was prepared for the stereolithography (SLA) printing. This work outlines the thermal decomposition process of APNIMMO. The thermal behaviour and decomposition kinetics were investigated by means of the non‐isothermal DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) techniques. The Arrhenius parameters were studied by different isoconversional Kissinger method. Additionally, simultaneous TG‐DSC‐FTIR‐MS were employed to corroborate the thermal analysis results. The obtained results from the different techniques are presented and discussed.
Command filtered event‐triggered adaptive control for MIMO stochastic multiple time‐delay systems
Authors: Zhu Zhechen , Liang Hongjing , Liu Yang , Xue Hong
Published: November 2021

In this article, the command filter based adaptive event‐triggered control problem for multiple‐input and multiple‐output multiple time‐delay stochastic nonlinear systems is considered. First, a state observer is constructed to estimate the unmeasured states of systems. Then, in the framework of backstepping design, the command filtered and event‐triggered techniques are employed to avoid the problem of “explosion of complexity” and save the communication resources, respectively. Meanwhile, by utilizing the command filters, a novel variable separation method is constructed to address the algebraic‐loop problem, which caused by the nonstrict‐feedback item. The boundedness of the whole signals in systems can be remained, and the given desired trajectories can be followed by the system outputs. Finally, a numerical example is shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
A generalization of Faudree–Lehel conjecture holds almost surely for random graphs
Authors: Przybyło Jakub
Published: November 2021

The irregularity strength of a simple graph , denoted is a certain measure of the level of irregularity of a graph. It indicates how hard it is to make an irregular multigraph of G via multiplication of its selected edges. It is however more commonly set forth through k‐weightings, that is, mappings , assigning every vertex the weighted degree . In this setting, is precisely defined as the least k admitting a k‐weighting of G which attributes pairwise distinct weighted degrees to all vertices of G. It is known that in the case of d‐regular graphs with order n and . An open conjecture of Faudree and Lehel from the 1980s states that in turn for some finite constant c independent of d. It is believed that the natural strengthening of this conjecture toward all graphs where d is substituted by the minimum degree should also hold. We confirm this supposition in the case of random graphs. Namely, we show that asymptotically almost surely the generalization of Faudree‐Lehel Conjecture holds for a random graph for any constant p, that is, that takes one of the three values: , , or . This is implied by the fact that a.a.s. , and hence .
Conditional information and inference in response‐adaptive allocation designs
Authors: Lane Adam
Published: November 2021

Response‐adaptive allocation designs refer to a class of designs where the probability an observation is assigned to a treatment is changed throughout an experiment based on the accrued responses. Such procedures result in random treatment sample sizes. Most of the current literature considers unconditional inference procedures in the analysis of response‐adaptive allocation designs. The focus of this article is inference conditional on the observed treatment sample sizes. The inverse of information is a description of the large sample variance of the parameter estimates. A simple form for the conditional information relative to unconditional information is derived. It is found that conditional information can be greater than unconditional information. A conditional bootstrap procedure is developed that, in the majority of cases examined, resulted in narrower confidence intervals than relevant unconditional procedures.
A systems perspective on systemic innovation
Authors: Midgley Gerald , Lindhult Erik
Published: November 2021

The term ‘systemic innovation’ is increasing in use, but there is no consensus on its meaning: five understandings of the term can be identified, each based on a different view of what the word ‘systemic’ should refer to. The first understanding focuses on technologies, where the innovation in focus is synergistically integrated with other complementary innovations, going beyond the boundaries of a single organization. Therefore, ‘systemic’ refers to technological innovations interacting in a larger product system. A second use of the term refers to the development of policies and governance at a local, regional or national scale to create an enabling environment for innovation systems. Here, ‘systemic’ means recognition that innovation systems can be enabled and/or constrained by a meta‐level policy system. The third use of the term says that an innovation is ‘systemic’ when its purpose is to change societal laws and norms to place new enablers and constraints on innovation in the interests of ecological sustainability. What makes this systemic is acknowledgement of the existence of nested systems: innovation systems are parts of economic systems, which are parts of societal systems, and all societies exist on a single planetary ecosystem. The fourth use focuses on collaboration in innovation networks with multiple actors. This has evolved from the first understanding of systemic innovation, but the critical difference is the primary focus onpeople and processesrather than technological products. The word ‘systemic’ refers to the interdependency of actors in a business or community context, leading to a need to cocreate value and innovate in concert or through coevolutionary dynamics. The fifth use of the term ‘systemic innovation’ concerns how peopleengage in a process to support systemic thinking and action, and it is primarily this process, and the thinking and action it gives rise to, that is seen as systemic, rather than the innovation system that they exist within or are trying to create. It is this fifth understanding that accords with most of the literature on systems thinking published over the last 50 years. The current paper offers a contemporary perspective on what systems thinkers mean by ‘systemic’, and this not only enables us to provide a redefinition of ‘systemic innovation’, but it also helps to show how all four previous forms of innovation that have been described as systemic can be enhanced by the practice of systems thinking.
Wilson loop correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal quivers
Authors: Galvagno Francesco , Preti Michelangelo
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We complete the program of [1] about perturbative approaches for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal quiver theories in four dimensions. We consider several classes of observables in presence of Wilson loops, and we evaluate them with the help of supersymmetric localization. We compute Wilson loop vacuum expectation values, correlators of multiple coincident Wilson loops and one-point functions of chiral operators in presence of them acting as superconformal defects. We extend this analysis to the most general case considering chiral operators and multiple Wilson loops scattered in all the possible ways among the vector multiplets of the quiver. Finally, we identify twisted and untwisted observables which probe the orbifold of AdS5 × S5 with the aim of testing possible holographic perspectives of quiver theories in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2.
Holographic and QFT complexity with angular momentum
Authors: Bernamonti Alice , Bigazzi Francesco , Billo Davide , Faggi Lapo , Galli Federico
Published: November 2021

Abstract

We study the influence of angular momentum on quantum complexity for CFT states holographically dual to rotating black holes. Using the holographic complexity=action (CA) and complexity=volume (CV) proposals, we study the full time dependence of complexity and the complexity of formation for two dimensional states dual to rotating BTZ. The obtained results and their dependence on angular momentum turn out to be analogous to those of charged states dual to Reissner-Nordström AdS black holes. For CA, our computation carefully accounts for the counterterm in the gravity action, which was not included in previous analysis in the literature. This affects the complexity early time dependence and its effect becomes negligible close to extremality. In the grand canonical ensemble, the CA and CV complexity of formation are linear in the temperature, and diverge with the same structure in the speed of light angular velocity limit. For CA the inclusion of the counterterm is crucial for both effects. We also address the problem of studying holographic complexity for higher dimensional rotating black holes, focusing on the four dimensional Kerr-AdS case. Carefully taking into account all ingredients, we show that the late time limit of the CA growth rate saturates the expected bound, and find the CV complexity of formation of large black holes diverges in the critical angular velocity limit. Our holographic analysis is complemented by the study of circuit complexity in a two dimensional free scalar model for a thermofield double (TFD) state with angular momentum. We show how this can be given a description in terms of non-rotating TFD states introducing mode-by-mode effective temperatures and times. We comment on the similarities and differences of the holographic and QFT complexity results.
High-resolution pediatric age–specific 18F-FDG PET template: a pilot study in epileptogenic focus localization
Authors: Zhang Teng , Li Yuting , Zhao Shuilin , Xu Yuanfan , Zhang Xiaohui , Wu Shuang , Dou Xiaofeng , Yu Congcong , Feng Jianhua , Ding Yao , Zhu Junming , Chen Zexin , Zhang Hong , Tian Mei
Published: November 2021

Background

PET imaging has been widely used in diagnosis of neurological disorders; however, its application to pediatric population is limited due to lacking pediatric age–specific PET template. This study aims to develop a pediatric age–specific PET template (PAPT) and conduct a pilot study of epileptogenic focus localization in pediatric epilepsy.

Methods

We recruited 130 pediatric patients with epilepsy and 102 age-matched controls who underwent 18F-FDG PET examination. High-resolution PAPT was developed by an iterative nonlinear registration-averaging optimization approach for two age ranges: 6–10 years (n = 17) and 11–18 years (n = 50), respectively. Spatial normalization to the PAPT was evaluated by registration similarities of 35 validation controls, followed by estimation of potential registration biases. In a pilot study, epileptogenic focus was localized by PAPT-based voxel-wise statistical analysis, compared with multi-disciplinary team (MDT) diagnosis, and validated by follow-up of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery. Furthermore, epileptogenic focus localization results were compared among three templates (PAPT, conventional adult template, and a previously reported pediatric linear template).

Results

Spatial normalization to the PAPT significantly improved registration similarities (P < 0.001), and nearly eliminated regions of potential biases (< 2% of whole brain volume). The PAPT-based epileptogenic focus localization achieved a substantial agreement with MDT diagnosis (Kappa = 0.757), significantly outperforming localization based on the adult template (Kappa = 0.496) and linear template (Kappa = 0.569) (P < 0.05). The PAPT-based localization achieved the highest detection rate (89.2%) and accuracy (80.0%). In postsurgical seizure-free patients (n = 40), the PAPT-based localization also achieved a substantial agreement with resection areas (Kappa = 0.743), and the highest detection rate (95%) and accuracy (80.0%).

Conclusion

The PAPT can significantly improve spatial normalization and epileptogenic focus localization in pediatric epilepsy. Future pediatric neuroimaging studies can also benefit from the unbiased spatial normalization by PAPT.

Trial registration.

NCT04725162: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04725162
MRI grading for the prediction of prostate cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Boschheidgen M. , Schimmöller L. , Arsov C. , Ziayee F. , Morawitz J. , Valentin B. , Radke K. L. , Giessing M. , Esposito I. , Albers P. , Antoch G. , Ullrich T.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

T
o evaluate the value of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for the prediction of prostate cancer (PCA) aggressiveness.

Methods

In this single center cohort study, consecutive patients with histologically confirmed PCA were retrospectively enrolled. Four different ISUP grade groups (1, 2, 3, 4–5) were defined and fifty patients per group were included. Several clinical (age, PSA, PSAD, percentage of PCA infiltration) and mpMRI parameters (ADC value, signal increase on high b-value images, diameter, extraprostatic extension [EPE], cross-zonal growth) were evaluated and correlated within the four groups. Based on combined descriptors, MRI grading groups (mG1–mG3) were defined to predict PCA aggressiveness.

Results

In total, 200 patients (mean age 68 years, median PSA value 8.1 ng/ml) were analyzed. Between the four groups, statistically significant differences could be shown for age, PSA, PSAD, and for MRI parameters cross-zonal growth, high b-value signal increase, EPE, and ADC (p < 0.01). All examined parameters revealed a significant correlation with the histopathologic biopsy ISUP grade groups (p < 0.01), except PCA diameter (p = 0.09). A mixed linear model demonstrated the strongest prediction of the respective ISUP grade group for the MRI grading system (p < 0.01) compared to single parameters.

Conclusions

MpMRI yields relevant pre-biopsy information about PCA aggressiveness. A combination of quantitative and qualitative parameters (MRI grading groups) provided the best prediction of the biopsy ISUP grade group and may improve clinical pathway and treatment planning, adding useful information beyond PI-RADS assessment category. Due to the high prevalence of higher grade PCA in patients within mG3, an early re-biopsy seems indicated in cases of negative or post-biopsy low-grade PCA.

Key Points

• MpMRI yields relevant pre-biopsy information about prostate cancer aggressiveness.

• MRI grading in addition to PI-RADS classification seems to be helpful for a size independent early prediction of clinically significant PCA.

• MRI grading groups may help urologists in clinical pathway and treatment planning, especially when to consider an early re-biopsy.
Role of convection–circulation coupling in the propagation mechanism of the Madden–Julian Oscillation over the Maritime Continent in a climate model
Authors: Wang Yi-Chi , Tseng Wan-Ling , Hsu Huang-Hsiung
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the role of convection–circulation coupling on the simulated eastward propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Maritime Continent (MC). Experiments are conducted with the European Centre Hamburg Model Version 5 (ECHAM5) coupled with the one-column ocean model—Snow-Ice-Thermocline (SIT) and two different cumulus schemes, Nordeng-Tiedtke (E5SIT-Nord) and Tiedtke (E5SIT-Tied). During the early phase of MJO composites, the E5SIT-Nord simulation reveals stronger intraseasonal anomalies in the apparent heat source (Q1) over the convective center, however, the E5SIT-Tied produces a stronger background Q1, suggesting that deep convection prevails over the MC but does not couple with the MJO circulation. Similarly, in the E5SIT-Tied simulation, in-column moisture is kept mostly by local deep convection over the MC, which is in contrast to the well-correlated relationship between moisture anomaly and MJO circulation in E5SIT-Nord. A case study based on an observational MJO reveals similar biases concerning of convection–circulation coupling emerges within a few days of simulations. The E5SIT-Tied simulation produces weaker heating at the convective center of the MJO than the E5SIT-Nord a few days after model initiation, resulting weaker subsidence to the east and less favorable for propagation. The present findings highlight the instantaneous responses of cumulus parameterization schemes to MJO-related environmental changes can further affect intraseasonal variability through altering convection–circulation coupling over the MC. Physical schemes of moist convection are essential to realistically represent this coupling and thereby improve the simulation of the eastward propagation of the MJO.
Institutional persistence despite cultural change: a historical case study of the re-categorization of dogs in Germany
Authors: Pfau-Effinger Birgit , Sebastian Marcel
Published: November 2021

Human–animal relations in post-industrial societies are characterized by a system of cultural categories that distinguishes between different types of animals based on their function in human society, such as “farm animals” or “pets.” The system of cultural categories, and the allocation of animal species within this cultural classification system can change. Options for change include re-categorizing a specific animal species within the categorical system. The paper argues that attempts by political actors to adapt the institutional system to cultural change that calls for re-categorization of certain animal species can start a contradictory process that may lead to long-term survival of the respective institution despite the cultural change. It is common to explain the persistence of political institutions with institutional path dependency or policy preferences of the governing parties. This paper introduces a new institutional theoretical approach to the explanation, the approach of “rejecting changing a part for fear of undermining the whole.” This paper uses a case study of a series of failed political efforts to change the treatment of dogs in the framework of the agricultural human–animal policy in the Federal Republic of Germany in the second half of the twentieth century, to evaluate its theoretical argument, using analyses of historical political documents, mass media, and communication documents between civil society actors and policymakers. This paper makes an innovative contribution to the theory and research on institutional change, the sociology of agriculture and food, and the sociology of human–animal relations.
Algorithmic disclosure rules
Authors: Di Porto Fabiana
Published: November 2021

During the past decade, a small but rapidly growing number of Law&Tech scholars have been applying algorithmic methods in their legal research. This Article does it too, for the sake of saving disclosure regulation failure: a normative strategy that has long been considered dead by legal scholars, but conspicuously abused by rule-makers. Existing proposals to revive disclosure duties, however, either focus on the industry policies (e.g. seeking to reduce consumers’ costs of reading) or on rulemaking (e.g. by simplifying linguistic intricacies). But failure may well depend on both. Therefore, this Article develops a `comprehensive approach', suggesting to use computational tools to cope with linguistic and behavioral failures at both the enactment and implementation phases of disclosure duties, thus filling a void in the Law & Tech scholarship. Specifically, it outlines how algorithmic tools can be used in a holistic manner to address the many failures of disclosures from the rulemaking in parliament to consumer screens. It suggests a multi-layered design where lawmakers deploy three tools in order to produce optimal disclosure rules: machine learning, natural language processing, and behavioral experimentation through regulatory sandboxes. To clarify how and why these tasks should be performed, disclosures in the contexts of online contract terms and privacy online are taken as examples. Because algorithmic rulemaking is frequently met with well-justified skepticism, problems of its compatibility with legitimacy, efficacy and proportionality are also discussed.
Radioactive isotopes in the interstellar medium
Authors: Diehl Roland
Published: November 2021

Radioactive components of the interstellar medium provide an entirely-different and new aspect to the studies of the interstellar medium. Injected from sources of nucleosynthesis, unstable nuclei decay along their trajectories. Measurements can occur through characteristic gamma rays that are emitted with the decay, or in cosmic material samples through abundances of parent and daughter isotopes as they change with decay. The dynamics and material flows within interstellar medium are thus accessible to measurement, making use of the intrinsic clock that radioactive decay provides. We describe how measurements of radioactive decay have obtained a break-through in studies of the interstellar medium, after first summarizing the characteristics of radioactivity and the sources of unstable nuclei.
Estimated lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism in men and women in a Danish nationwide cohort: impact of competing risk of death
Authors: Arnesen Carl Arne Løchen , Veres Katalin , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Hansen John-Bjarne , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Brækkan Sigrid K.
Published: November 2021

Incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk varies by age and sex. Some studies have reported overall higher risk in men, especially when VTEs triggered by female reproductive factors are excluded. However, higher mortality rates in men may have led to overestimation of lifetime VTE risk in men compared with women. Therefore, we estimated the lifetime risk of VTE in men and women in a Danish, nationwide cohort, taking into account the competing risk of death. Within the population of Denmark (> 5 million persons), all first-time VTEs occurring in 1995–2016 were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry covering all Danish hospitals. The cumulative incidences of VTE were estimated in men and women with age as timescale, taking into account the competing risk of death. Estimated lifetime risk was defined as cumulative incidence at age 100. In a simulation study, we excluded the proportion of female cases that could be attributed to reproductive risk factors and re-estimated the cumulative incidence. We identified 123,543 incident VTEs. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 1.9% in women and 1.3% in men at age 50, 4.3% in women and 4.4% in men at age 70, and 9.3% in women and 8.1% in men at age 100. After accounting for VTEs attributed to reproductive factors, the corresponding incidences in women were 1.2% at age 50, 3.2% at age 70, and 8.2% at age 100. In conclusion, the estimated lifetime risk of VTE was slightly higher in women than in men when accounting for competing risk of death. Our simulation study suggested that reproductive risk factors contribute modestly to the estimated lifetime VTE risk in women.
Exploration of a singular fluid spacetime
Authors: Remmen Grant N.
Published: November 2021

We investigate the properties of a special class of singular solutions for a self-gravitating perfect fluid in general relativity: the singular isothermal sphere. For arbitrary constant equation-of-state parameter $$w=p/\rho $$

w
=
p
/
ρ

, there exist static, spherically-symmetric solutions with density profile $$\propto 1/r^2$$

∝
1
/

r
2

, with the constant of proportionality fixed to be a special function of w. Like black holes, singular isothermal spheres possess a fixed mass-to-radius ratio independent of size, but no horizon cloaking the curvature singularity at $$r=0$$

r
=
0

. For $$w=1$$

w
=
1

, these solutions can be constructed from a homogeneous dilaton background, where the metric spontaneously breaks spatial homogeneity. We study the perturbative structure of these solutions, finding the radial modes and tidal Love numbers, and also find interesting properties in the geodesic structure of this geometry. Finally, connections are discussed between these geometries and dark matter profiles, the double copy, and holographic entropy, as well as how the swampland distance conjecture can obscure the naked singularity.
Measurement Invariance of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) in Peruvian and Spanish Older Adults
Authors: Tomas Jose M. , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás , Ventura-León José , Sancho Patricia , García Cirilo H. , Arias Walter L.
Published: November 2021

Although the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) has been validated in some European and American countries, there are no studies that evaluate its factorial invariance among different nations. In this sense, the objective of the study is to evaluate the factorial invariance of the BRCS in samples of older adults in Peru and Spain, using multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis. 236 older adults from Peru participated (Mean age = 72.8, SD = 6.90) and 133 older adults from Spain (Mean age = 71, SD = 7). In the Peruvian sample 78.4% were women and 21.6% men; while in the Spanish sample the majority were women (69.9%). The BRCS was scalar invariant but not strictly invariant between Spain and Peru. Our results found invariance of the structure, factor loadings and intercepts in both countries. These results support the use of BRCS in studies that compare the resilience between samples of older adults in both countries, and encourage applied research for the development of resilience in older adults in Spain and Peru.
In situ microstructure analysis of Inconel 625 during laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Schmeiser Felix , Krohmer Erwin , Wagner Christian , Schell Norbert , Uhlmann Eckart , Reimers Walter
Published: November 2021

Laser powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing process that employs highly focused laser radiation for selective melting of a metal powder bed. This process entails a complex heat flow and thermal management that results in characteristic, often highly textured microstructures, which lead to mechanical anisotropy. In this study, high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to illuminate the formation and evolution of microstructural features during LPBF. The nickel-base alloy Inconel 625 was used for in situ experiments using a custom LPBF system designed for these investigations. The diffraction patterns yielded results regarding texture, lattice defects, recrystallization, and chemical segregation. A combination of high laser power and scanning speed results in a strong preferred crystallographic orientation, while low laser power and scanning speed showed no clear texture. The observation of a constant gauge volume revealed solid-state texture changes without remelting. They were related to in situ recrystallization processes caused by the repeated laser scanning. After recrystallization, the formation and growth of segregations were deduced from an increasing diffraction peak asymmetry and confirmed by ex situ scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Graphical Abstract
Exploring Associations Between Self-Compassion, Self-Criticism, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: Informing Future Interventions
Authors: Kauser S. , Keyte R. , Regan A. , Nash E. F. , Fitch G. , Mantzios M. , Egan H.
Published: November 2021

Self-compassion is increasingly recognised as an important and beneficial factor in quality of life and mental health-related research, but research within the adult cystic fibrosis (CF) population is scarce. In a cross-sectional study, 114 (56 female, 58 male) adults with CF completed and returned a series of validated questionnaires that assessed CF-related quality of life, negative emotional states (depression, anxiety and stress), self-compassion, and self-criticism. Quality of life and self-compassion were positively correlated, and each in turn were inversely correlated with negative emotional states and self-criticism. Negative emotional states correlated positively to self-criticism. Self-compassion and/or self-criticism moderated ten relationships between various sub-domains of quality of life and negative emotions. Psychological interventions that increase self-compassion may be beneficial for enhancing mental health and quality of life for adults with CF.
Youth solving pandemics: hopeful futures in Maths Claesson’s novel Pandemic
Authors: Ehriander Helene , Godhe Michael
Published: November 2021

Are representations of pandemics in fiction always bleak dystopian tales understood as nature’s revenge on the modern Faustian man, or could they also express hope and expand our imagination in a time of environmental crisis? In this article, we analyse the young adult novel Pandemic (Swedish title: Pandemi, 2018) by Swedish author Maths Claesson. Pandemic is the third novel in a trilogy (2013–2018) with 15-year-old astronaut-trainee Linux as the main protagonist. During his astronaut program on a space station, a pandemic breaks out on Earth. While scientists on Earth struggle to isolate the virus and find a vaccine, Linux and his fellow astronaut-trainees are asked by the WHO to try out a simulation, a computer game aimed at isolating a pandemic outbreak and finding a vaccine. Their simulation is successful and eventually becomes decisive for the solution of the current pandemic crisis on Earth. Departing from Critical Future Studies (Goode and Godhe, Cult Unbound J Curr Cul Res 9(1):108–129, 2017), we focus on the figures of hope (cf. Moylan, Demand the impossible: Science fiction and the utopian imagination, Methuen, pp. 1–2, 1986) for a sustainable future and analyse how the novel is widening the scopes of possible futures. We show how the computer simulation and the successful solution of the crisis serves as a vehicle for a broader discussion about what kind of future we want, a future where the conquest of space offers new opportunities, e.g. for solving the environmental crisis. While normally in Y/A speculative fiction, technology is almost exclusively depicted as ostensibly serving human needs, in Pandemic it is thanks to technology, and the younger generation’s particular skills, that the disease is conquered. In this sense, the novel is hopeful since it depicts the younger generation as being capable of developing different thinking patterns from those of the adult society.
A study of defect-based error estimates for the Krylov approximation of φ-functions
Authors: Jawecki Tobias
Published: November 2021

Prior recent work, devoted to the study of polynomial Krylov techniques for the approximation of the action of the matrix exponential etAv, is extended to the case of associated φ-functions (which occur within the class of exponential integrators). In particular, a posteriori error bounds and estimates, based on the notion of the defect (residual) of the Krylov approximation are considered. Computable error bounds and estimates are discussed and analyzed. This includes a new error bound which favorably compares to existing error bounds in specific cases. The accuracy of various error bounds is characterized in relation to corresponding Ritz values of A. Ritz values yield properties of the spectrum of A (specific properties are known a priori, e.g., for Hermitian or skew-Hermitian matrices) in relation to the actual starting vector v and can be computed. This gives theoretical results together with criteria to quantify the achieved accuracy on the fly. For other existing error estimates, the reliability and performance are studied by similar techniques. Effects of finite precision (floating point arithmetic) are also taken into account.
China’s technological performance as reflected in patents
Authors: Schmoch Ulrich , Gehrke Birgit
Published: November 2021

Various concepts for the comparison of countries by patent indicators have been developed for the comparison of countries based on patent indicators. These concepts are generally based on the application of patents in several important markets or the family size of patent applications. A specific observation is the limited transfer of PCT applications of Chinese origin, affecting all these concepts. Transnational patents prove to be a convenient and appropriate tool for making country comparisons by technology, particularly with respect to adequately consider China’s specific patent behaviour. Therefore the phenomenon of limited transfer of China’s PCT applications is analysed for transnational patents. This observation can be associated with lower patent values or with a decreasing export dynamic. The Chinese transfer rates vary considerably by technology as well as by the reason for lower transfer rates. It proves to be more adequate to take limited transfer rates into account.
Transferring recommendations through privacy user models across domains
Authors: Raber Frederic , Krüger Antonio
Published: November 2021

Although privacy settings are important not only for data privacy, but also to prevent hacking attacks like social engineering that depend on leaked private data, most users do not care about them. Research has tried to help users in setting their privacy settings by using some settings that have already been adapted by the user or individual factors like personality to predict the remaining settings. But in some cases, neither is available. However, the user might have already done privacy settings in another domain, for example, she already adapted the privacy settings on the smartphone, but not on her social network account. In this article, we investigate with the example of four domains (social network posts, location sharing, smartphone app permission settings and data of an intelligent retail store), whether and how precise privacy settings of a domain can be predicted across domains. We performed an exploratory study to examine which privacy settings of the aforementioned domains could be useful, and validated our findings in a validation study. Our results indicate that such an approach works with a prediction precision about 15%–20% better than random and a prediction without input coefficients. We identified clusters of domains that allow model transfer between their members, and discuss which kind of privacy settings (general or context-based) leads to a better prediction accuracy. Based on the results, we would like to conduct user studies to find out whether the prediction precision is perceived by users as a significant improvement over a “one-size-fits-all” solution, where every user is given the same privacy settings.
Optimal Incomplete-Block Designs with Low Replication: A Unified Approach Using Graphs
Authors: Bailey R. A. , Sajjad Alia
Published: November 2021

An incomplete-block design defines both a concurrence graph and a Levi graph. Properties of either graph can be used to compare designs with respect to D-optimality and with respect to A-optimality. In this paper, we show that optimality of the design implies strong conditions on connectivity properties of the graph, and use this to classify the optimal designs when the number of observational units is close to minimal.
Disputes in the Irish college, Douai (1594–1614)
Authors: O’Connor Thomas
Published: November 2021

By the late sixteenth century, Irish demand for seminary places was sufficient to warrant the establishment of a dedicated Irish college in Lisbon (1590). This was followed by foundations in Salamanca (1592), Douai (1594) and elsewhere. The great majority were administered by the Society of Jesus, whose Irish members were generally Old English, a term denoting descendants of the twelfth-century Anglo-Norman settlers. Old English Jesuit domination of Irish colleges occasioned accusations of discrimination against students of Gaelic family backgrounds, with the students seeking redress from the secular authorities. The Irish college in Douai was not formally administered by the Jesuits, but its founder, Christopher Cusack, collaborated closely with the Society. Accusations against him of anti-Gaelic bias emerged in the 1600s, coincidental with the arrival of large numbers of Gaelic Irish refugees in Flanders at the end of the Nine Years War (1594–1603). Ethnic tensions and financial difficulties all but put paid to the college in the 1620s.
Abbot Edmund Ford, secret agent
Authors: Fletcher Stella
Published: November 2021

Hugh Edmund Ford (1851–1930), first abbot of the English Benedictine monastery at Downside in Somerset, had a reputation, especially in monastic circles, as a scholarly and reforming monk. He is much less well known than his contemporary confrères, Cardinal Aidan Gasquet and Abbot Cuthbert Butler, lacking Gasquet’s public profile and Butler’s list of much-respected publications. Ford’s considerable political and diplomatic skills were honed in the promotion of a monastic reform movement which transformed the English Benedictine Congregation. He travelled widely on monastic business and also on account of his always delicate health. More surprisingly, in 1918, he acted as an agent for the British government on a mission to neutral Switzerland, where the Benedictine abbey of Einsiedeln provided a refuge for many Germans displaced from Rome when Italy entered the Great War in 1915. Ford made use of the various ecclesiastical networks available to him,including the Benedictine Confederation centred on S. Anselmo in Rome and connections made through the school at Downside. This article places Ford in these and other Catholic networks and demonstrates how they were put to use in the Allied cause during the First World War.
Fully developed anelastic convection with no-slip boundaries
Authors: Jones Chris A. , Mizerski Krzysztof A. , Kessar Mouloud
Published: November 2021

Anelastic convection at high Rayleigh number in a plane parallel layer with no slip boundaries is considered. Energy and entropy balance equations are derived, and they are used to develop scaling laws for the heat transport and the Reynolds number. The appearance of an entropy structure consisting of a well-mixed uniform interior, bounded by thin layers with entropy jumps across them, makes it possible to derive explicit forms for these scaling laws. These are given in terms of the Rayleigh number, the Prandtl number and the bottom to top temperature ratio, which also measures how much the density varies across the layer. The top and bottom boundary layers are examined and they are found to be very different, unlike in the Boussinesq case. Elucidating the structure of these boundary layers plays a crucial part in determining the scaling laws. Physical arguments governing these boundary layers are presented, concentrating on the case in which the boundary layers are so thin that temperature and density vary little across them, even though there may be substantial temperature and density variations across the whole layer. Different scaling laws are found, depending on whether the viscous dissipation is primarily in the boundary layers or in the bulk. The cases of both high and low Prandtl number are considered. Numerical simulations of no-slip anelastic convection up to a Rayleigh number of

$10^7$

have been performed and our theoretical predictions are compared with the numerical results.
Listening for Realism in Charpentier’s Louise
Authors: WILLSON FLORA
Published: November 2021

On 2 February 1900, Gustave Charpentier’s opera Louise premièred at Paris’s Opéra-Comique. Set in contemporary Montmartre, the work was discussed ubiquitously by its earliest critics as réaliste (translatable as both ‘realistic’ and ‘realist’) – a tendency that has continued in more recent musicological writing. In this article, I focus on Louise and discourse around it in order to re-examine the complex relationship between opera and realism. After sketching the terms of the opera’s reception to assess the case for understanding it as a ‘realist’ work, I position the opera in relation to theoretical conceptualizations of realism in other art forms. I then present two music examples to explore how Louise might not only resonate with existing understandings of late nineteenth-century French realism, but also expand or disrupt them. Ultimately, this article ponders the possibility that the act of listening might shape its own distinct form of realism.
The Politics of Sight: Revisiting Timothy Pachirat’sEvery Twelve Seconds
Authors: ENGLISH JASMINE , ZACKA BERNARDO
Published: November 2021

In his ethnography of industrialized slaughter,Every Twelve Seconds, Timothy Pachirat coins a label to describe political interventions that use visibility as a catalyst for reform—the “politics of sight.” We argue that the politics of sight rests on three premises that are all mistaken or misspecified: (1) that exposing morally repugnant practices will make us see them, (2) that seeing such practices will stop us from acquiescing to them, and (3) that owning up to such practices is preferable to keeping them concealed. To develop our argument, we propose an alternative interpretation of Pachirat’s own ethnographic material informed by theories from social psychology—one that leads to a different critique of the politics of sight than the one Pachirat offers and to a different understanding of the conditions under which it can succeed. Methodologically, we seek to illustrate the value of reanalyzing interpretive research through close reading.
AN OTTOMAN ARAB MAN OF LETTERS AND THE MEANINGS OF EMPIRE,c. 1860
Authors: Arsan Andrew
Published: November 2021

This paper returns to one of the germinal texts of nineteenth-century Arab political thought, Butrus al-Bustani'sNafir Suriyya(‘The Clarion of Syria’). A series of broadsides published between September 1860 and April 1861, these reflected on the confessional violence that had rent apart Mount Lebanon and Damascus in mid-1860. As scholars have suggested, Bustani – now regarded as one of the pre-eminent thinkers of the nineteenth-century Arabnahda, or ‘awakening’ – here offered a new vision of Syrian patriotism, which formed part of a longer reflection on political subjectivity, faith, and civilisation. But, this paper argues, these texts can also be read as reflections on the changing workings of empire: on the imperial ruler's duties and attributes and his subjects’ obligations and rights; on the relationship between state and population and capital and province; on imperial administrative reform; and on the dangers foreign intervention posed to Ottoman sovereignty. Drawing on the languages of Ottoman reform and ethical statecraft, as well as on imperial comparisons, Bustani argued against the autonomy some counselled for Mount Lebanon and for wholesale integration with the Ottoman state. These texts offer grounds for methodological reflection and for writing Ottoman Arab thought into broader histories of imperial political thought.
Imaging characteristics and mechanism of negative pressure pulmonary edema in children: three case reports
Authors: Li Qin , Zhou Liang
Published: November 2021

This article reports three children who presented with negative pressure pulmonary oedema before or after removal of the airway foreign bodies. Of them, two cases were type I negative pressure pulmonary oedema and one case was type II negative pressure pulmonary oedema following foreign body removal from the airways. Pathogenesis and location differences between type I and type II negative pressure pulmonary oedema caused by airway foreign body obstruction, as well as diagnosis and treatment modalities of the negative pressure pulmonary oedema were discussed.