bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy Study of N-Chromosome Royal Jelly Versus Semelil (ANGIPARS) on Wound Healing of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Majd Saeed Ahmadi , Khorasgani Mohammad Rabbani , Zaker Sayed Rasoul , Khezri Maryam , Aliasghari  Veshareh Azam
Published: November 2022

Objective: The healing effects of two different dilutions (5 & 100%) of N-Chromosome Royal Jelly and ANGIPARS ointment were investigated and measured on experimental injuries in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. This study investigated the healing effects of 2 different N Chromosome Royal Jelly dilutions on injuries of STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: For diabetes induction, male Wistar rats received STZ (55 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and plasma glucose level measurement after 72 hours demonstrated diabetes induction. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 members and one square centimeter (cm2 ) wound was surgically induced in the dorsal region of each rat. The test groups were treated with ANGIPARS, undiluted royal jelly N chromosome, and royal jelly N chromosome 5% separately. The control groups were including non-diabetic and untreated diabetic rats.
Results: The findings indicate a significant acceleration in wound healing of the diabetic rats treated by ANGIPARS ointment or royal jelly N chromosomes 5%. RJ also shortened the healing period of desquamated skin lesions. Thus, RJ possesses an anti-inflammatory action and is able to augment wound healing, but does not have an insulin-like action in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Conclusion: Regarding the mentioned findings, royal jelly as a natural product may play an effective role in treating chronic wounds in mice, which makes it a proper candidate for use in human wound repair. Nonetheless, it seems that determination of the suitable dilution of this compound will result in better effects, thus more studies are recommended.
A Review of the Diabetic Status in India
Authors: Gupta Praveen Kumar , Munivenkatappa Byregowda Sonnahallipura , Munivenkatarayappa Archana. , Hanumegowda Raju , Chithananthan Chandrananthi , Daptardar Shravani S , D'Souza Joanna Nicole , Rashmi Vanam , Anjum N Jahangir Faheena , Philip Sarah , Khatoon Yasmin
Published: November 2022

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) also known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder that is rapidly becoming a worldwide concern with severe economic, social, and health consequences. Diabetes is a collection of metabolic illnesses defined by hyperglycemia that results due to abnormalities in the secretion of insulin, its action, or a combination of the two. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), there were around 387 million diabetics worldwide in 2014, with that number anticipated to climb to 592 million by 2035. Additionally, the fact that over half of the population has diabetes that goes undiagnosed adds to the difficulty of diagnosis. Diabetes is already on the increase in India as a result of a combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle changes brought about by globalization and urbanization. Even though diabetes affects a large section of India's population, diabetes awareness campaigns are few and far between, although it is one of the most severe issues to be addressed. Regular exercise, stress management, yoga, and regular exercise, as well as mindful nutrition, are all important aspects of diabetes control. This research gives an overview of the current status of diabetes in India, as well as the influence of nutrition, geographic distribution, and air pollution on the spread of the disease. It also addresses some of the diabetic therapies.
Nutraceutical in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Authors: Ghannadias Fatemeh , Bordbar Lomer Banafshe
Published: November 2022

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of the most critical health issues and leading causes of death worldwide. This disease is associated with macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. The prevention of DM and its complications is always essential. In recent years, due to the known biological properties of some foods, the tendency to consume these foods has increased. This narrative review showed the effect of cinnamon, ginseng, thyme, sesame oil, fenugreek, saffron, aloe vera, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and green tea on improving insulin sensitivity, reducing blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism. Therefore, it is suggested that these nutraceuticals could be considered in the special food formulation of diabetic patients. It seems that the anti-diabetic properties of nutraceutical interest of diabetic persons specify their potential role in improving insulin sensitivity, lowering blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism.
Genes Predisposing to Monogenic, Polygenic, and Syndromic Obesity: A Review of Current Trends and Prospects for Standard Obesity Genetic Testing
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen , Oladele Esther , Shemishere Ufuoma , Liman Umar Usman , Gomo Clement Boniface , Abubakar Aminu L. , Marafa Balkisu Muhammad
Published: November 2022

Objective: The burden of obesity is currently enormous, necessitating a novel strategy to complement the existing ones. Accordingly, genetic predisposition is suspected in many cases of the disease, which can potentially be used as therapeutic targets. However, there are differing viewpoints on the suspect genes, prompting the current review to articulate the genes and their mechanisms. Eight (16%) of the genes singularly predispose humans to obesity (called monogenic obesity), 22 (43%) interact with other genes and the environment to predispose humans to obesity (called polygenic obesity), and 21 (41%) cause syndromic obesity. Monogenic obesity is often caused by three genes [the leptin (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes], polygenic obesity [fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene], and syndromic obesity (Prader-Willi Syndrome). These genes control food intake and energy expenditure, and so mutations in them cause overeating, adiposity, and hyperphagia. Based on these findings, two geneticallybased drugs, named recombinant human leptin and setmelanotide, have been formulated and shown to significantly reduce food intake, body weight, and fat mass. This suggests that when the genetic etiology of obesity is fully understood, the disease’s treatment and prevention will improve. Healthcare providers are urged to develop genetically-based personalized treatments for obese patients.
Evaluating the Effect of Atache Despigman Cream for the Treatment of Melasma
Authors: Handjnai Farhad , Sadati Maryam Sadat
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Melasma is one of the common dermatologic diseases that has an effect on the patient's quality of life, therefore its treatment is important. Various medicinal and herbal compounds have been used, including creams containing hydroquinone, vitamin C, alfa hydroxy acids, arbutin, tretinoins, and sometimes combination creams are prescribed, and there is still no definite and guaranteed treatment for it. In the present experimental study, the effect of topical medicine Atache Despigman (Atache laboratorios, Spain), which contains 2% hydroquinone, vitamin C and fruit acids) in the treatment of melasma has been investigated. After two months of treatment with this medicine, from the patients' point of view, the results of spot reduction were very good 17%, good 53%, average 25%, and poor 5%, and these percentages from the doctor's point of view were 20%, 52%, 25%, and 3%, respectively. Therefore, the majority observed the effectiveness. With the examination by Dermacatch device, a decrease in pigmentation was also observed.
Developing a Family-Centered Eclectic Model and Comparison of its Effectiveness with the Treatment of Parent-Child Interaction in Improving the Parent-Child Relationship of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (High Performance)
Authors: Fayezi Nooshin , Narimani Mohammad , Aghajani Seifollah , Basharpoor Sajjad
Published: November 2022

Introduction: It seems necessary to identify the components affecting the treatment and to develop a comprehensive, flexible, family-oriented eclectic model that is compatible with each family. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an eclectic family-centered model and compare its effectiveness with the treatment of parent-child interaction in improving the parent-child relationship of children with autism.
Methods: The present study was an experimental one; a pre-test-post-test design was run in this study. The participants of this study included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in Tehran Autism Medical Center in Tehran City, Iran. Thirty-six people with targeted sampling were selected and randomly replaced in three groups: the parent-child interaction program (PCIT), eclectic family-centered model, and control groups. In this study, Pianta child parent relationship scale (CPRS)was used and statistical analysis of covariance with SPSS-16 software was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the parent-child relationship variable in the family-centered eclectic model group compared to the parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) and the control group. Family- centered eclectic model in comparison to the parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) was more effective in improving parent-child relationships in terms of intimacy and dependence.
Conclusion: As a result, the eclectic family-centered model can be considered as a more appropriate alternative for psychological interventions to improve the parent-child relationship in mothers of children with autism.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Indomethacin and Acetaminophen on Pain after Collagen Cross-Linking Surgery
Authors: Gohari Mohsen , Mirhosseini Seyed Hamid , Mazidi Sharaf Abadi Faezeh , Fallahzadeh Hossein
Published: November 2022

Introduction: One of the surgeries that needs to be considered after pain and discomfort is corneal cross-linking of the cornea. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of indomethacin and acetaminophen oral surgery before surgery on postoperative pain in the patients undergoing collagen cross-linking surgery.
Methods: The present study was a double-blind clinical trial study that was performed on all the patients undergoing collagen cross-linking surgery. Fifty patients were divided into two groups of 25 patients receiving acetaminophen 500 mg and indomethacin 75 mg before surgery. VAS scale was used to determine the severity of pain. Data were collected through a pain questionnaire and statistically analyzed using SPSS16 software.
Results: In the acetaminophen group, 60% were female and 40% male, and in the indomethacin group, 64% were female and 36% male, which were similar in terms of gender. The mean age in the acetaminophen group was 24.28±5 and in the indomethacin group was 24.04±4. The two groups were similar in the case of age. Based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after collagen cross-linking surgery, the pain intensity was 6.29 in the acetaminophen group and 7.61 in the indomethacin group, respectively, which was significantly lower in the acetaminophen group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the amounts of postoperative pain in the two groups.
Conclusion: Oral administration of acetaminophen before corneal cross-linking surgery was more effective in reducing postoperative pain than indomethacin, while there was no difference in the number of postoperative analgesics between the two groups during 24 hours postoperation.
Investigating the Decreased Bone Density Prevalence in People with Common Risk Factors Referred to Al-Zahra Educational-Medical Center in Isfahan City Years of 2018 and 2019
Authors: Mousavi Maryam , Pakzad Bahram , Ebrahimian Maryam
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a disease in skeletal system that is recognized by a lack of bone density and degeneration of bone tissue and can lead to increase the risk of bone fracture or even death. So, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of decreased bone density in people with common risk factors referred to Al-Zahra Educational-Medical Center in Isfahan City years 2018-2019.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 3780 participants were included in the study by census sampling from April 2018 to March 2019. The risk factors considered in this study included gender, age, menopausal age, body mass index, history of mild trauma or fracture after the age of 40, hip fracture, autoimmune diseases, corticosteroid use, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, liver diseases, kidney diseases, malnutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking, and weight loss. Patients underwent bone densitometry. The criterion for diagnosing osteoporosis is T score, which indicated the ratio of an individual's bone density to baseline. Data were collected by a checklist and then analyzed in SPSS software version 16 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The hip T-score in 1780 (47.1%) individuals and the spine T-score in 1724 (45.6%) individuals were between -1 and -2.5. There was a significant relation among gender, age, height, weight and body mass index, corticosteroid use, chronic kidney disease, premature menopause, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, autoimmune diseases, hip fracture, and the history of trauma or fracture after the age of 40.  hip T score, and there was a significant relationship between age, height, weight and body mass index, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, premature menopause, corticosteroid use, (P> 0.05). Spine T score was related to factors such as age, height, weight and body mass index, hyperthyroidism, weight loss, early menopause, corticosteroid use, history of trauma or fracture after 40 years (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, and especially women with early menopause, and also in people with a history of trauma or fracture over the age of 40, hip fracture, corticosteroid use, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity and weight loss are common. Therefore, in order to prevent osteoporosis, necessary measures should be taken to prevent and correct the risk factors.
Comparison of Different Time Course of Concurrent Training on Lipid Profile and Total Antioxidant in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Ranjbar Najmeh , Marandi Seyed Mohammad , Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh , Mirhosseini Jalil , Ghanbery Mahdieh
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including atherosclerosis. Lipid profile conditions, oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalances play a major role in the development of the disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the different time course of concurrent training on lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity of cardiac patients.
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study. Twenty male patients, mean age 56±9.75, were voluntarily divided into the control and combination training groups The concurrent training group performed aerobic and resistance training for eight and three days a week. Aerobic exercise was performed for 15-20 minutes at 50-80% of maximal heart rate and resistance training program consisted of three upper extremity movements and two lower extremity movements with three sets and 10 repetitions.Blood samples were taken before and after four and eight weeks, and lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS version 16 software.
Results: Concurrent training has reduced the significant levels in LDL, cholesterol and triglycerides after four and eight weeks, and has also reduced a significant increase level in HDL. Concurrent exercise had a significantly effect on the amount of total antioxidant after eight weeks (P <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that with eight weeks of concurrent training, there is a significant difference in the levels of lipid profiles and total antioxidant capacity of cardiac patients.
Survey of the Knowledge of General Dentists about the Accurate Prescription of Dental Radiographic Techniques in 2021
Authors: Iranmanesh Mahbooeh , Maleksabet Ali , Rafiei Mehrad , Zeini Negar , Sadeghi Mostafa
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Proper knowledge of prescribing correct radiography techniques, especially among general dentists, is important for the accurate diagnosis of dental problems and not receiving additional doses of radiation in patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists about the accurate prescription of radiography in Rafsanjan City 2021.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 questionnaires were completed by general dentists in Rafsanjan City to measure the awareness of radiographic methods in 9 different areas of dentistry, and then the knowledge of dentists in these 9 different areas based on age, gender and work experience was compared using independent sample t-test and ANOVA statistical tests (α=0/05).
Results: In this study 53 (53%) of the dentists were male and 47 (47%) were female. The highest rate of correct answer and score was related to knowledge about radiography in children (90%), panoramic (83%) and bite wing (75%) and the lowest rate was related to periodontal questions (40%). Overall, 12% had poor knowledge, 42% had moderate knowledge and 46% had good knowledge. The overall score of knowledge in male dentists (67%) was significantly higher than in female dentists (60%). With increasing work experience, the level of knowledge about the correct prescription of radiographic techniques decreased significantly (p=0.039).
Conclusion: Although the knowledge of dentists in Rafsanjan City was evaluated well in the case of the correct prescription of radiography in most areas, it is still necessary to train in some areas in retraining courses to improve the knowledge of dentists.
An investigation of mission differentiation and specialization in Turkish universities in the context of strategic objectives
Authors: Karadağ Nazife , Balkar Betül
Published: November 2022

This study examines and compares the strategic objectives of the universities included in the “mission differentiation and specialization on the basis of regional development” project carried out in the Turkish higher education system and well-established universities in Turkiye. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine how the goal of “mission differentiation and specialization on the basis of regional development” is tried to be realized in the higher education system and whether this goal really brings a difference to the activities of universities. The study was conducted through document review. The universities included in the study were determined by criterion sampling and two different study groups were formed for comparison. The first study group consisted of the universities involved in the mission differentiation project. The second study group consisted of the well-established universities located in various geographical regions of Turkiye. Data were analyzed through the content analysis. The strategic objectives of the universities were examined under the themes of increasing quality in education, increasing the quantity and quality of scientific research, improvement of communication and interaction with stakeholders, strengthening of corporate identity/structure/ensuring institutionalization and internationalization. The strategic objectives of the universities with mission differentiation are also analyzed in terms of leading local and regional development. The results of the research show that universities subject to mission differentiation and well-established universities have different qualifications only in terms of “leading local and regional development” and “strengthening community service studies.” However, there are also points where goals and performance indicators depending on these strategic objectives are resembled. The similarities in the strategic objectives of the universities show that the missions of the universities with mission differentiation and specialization should first be clarified based on a general framework provided by the Council of Higher Education. In line with the guiding framework, universities should establish their unique strategic objectives in the strategic planning process in order to contribute to regional development. 

Received: 20 October2021Accepted: 7 October 2022
Beyond performance-based budgeting policy in Iran’s public universities: Causes, outcomes, and strategies
Authors: Faramarzi Nia Zargham , Farhadi Rad Hamid , Mehralizadeh Yadollah , Gholipour Soteh Rahmatullah
Published: November 2022

The main aim of the present study was to analyze the causes, outcomes, and strategies of performance-based budgeting in the Iranian higher education system. To this end, a qualitative approach based on the grounded theory was used. In order to collect reliable data, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with two groups of experts who were selected by purposive sampling method based on the selection of desirable cases. After qualitative content analysis of the collected information via encoding, the detailed report preparation method and comparison with expert opinions were taken into account to validate the findings. At a significance level of 0.0001, the kappa measure of agreement was 0.786. The results showed that finding a suitable mechanism to ensure accountability and transparency in universities was the main focus of performance-based budgeting approach, and its implementation was affected by various factors at the macro level (government) and micro level (university). Positive outcomes of this budgeting model include improved accountability and transparency, project- oriented nature of the model, and improved efficiency and effectiveness. Besides, threat to the nature and independence of the university was possibly a negative consequence of this plan. To use the benefits simultaneously and avoid the negative consequences, various strategies were proposed, including the expansion of the authority, independence, and freedom of the university and the involvement of the university’s senior managers.

Received: 10 March 2022Accepted: 15 August 2022
O (nie)sprawiedliwym podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych. Refleksje na marginesie książki Adama Mariańskiego, (Nie)sprawiedliwy polski podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych, Warszawa 2021, ss. 406
Authors: Brzeziński Bogumił
Published: November 2022

Artykuł zawiera omówienie książki A. Mariańskiego pt. (Nie)sprawiedliwy polski podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych. Obok uwag natury recenzyjnej umieszczono w nim wiele spostrzeżeń i opinii na temat kluczowych kwestii opodatkowania dochodu, takich jak zasada sprawiedliwości podatkowej czy zasada zdolności do świadczenia podatkowego. Poruszono także zagadnienie polityki orzeczniczej polskich sądów podatkowych w sprawach dotyczących opodatkowania dochodów.
El Perú desde la intimidad : epistolario de Manuel Candamo (1873-1904)
Authors: de la Puente Brunke José , de la Puente Candamo José A.
Published: November 2022

Las casi cuatrocientas cartas que integran este epistolario son especialmente valiosas por su carácter personal y espontáneo, ya que la mayor parte de ellas, enviadas desde Chile donde Candamo estuvo desterrado entre 1882 y 1883, durante la Guerra del Pacífico, estuvieron dirigidas a su mujer, Teresa Álvarez Calderón Roldán. Gracias a un minucioso trabajo de edición, se ofrecen las cartas con breves comentarios sobre los personajes aludidos, así como anotaciones que explican el contexto histórico. En lo que se refiere al carácter de epistolario íntimo, se trata del más interesante que hasta hoy se haya publicado en el Perú. En efecto, el lector podrá encontrar en estas cartas comentarios irónicos sobre diversas situaciones, pesimismo y desaliento por los tiempos difíciles que el país atravesaba y críticas a líderes políticos; a la vez, se muestran sentimientos personales como la preocupación por la seguridad de los seres queridos, la incertidumbre ante el futuro y la confianza en que el Perú se levantaría tras la tragedia de la guerra. En definitiva, este epistolario es una suerte de ventana, sin duda fascinante, para contemplar la intimidad de una familia de la clase dirigente peruana del siglo XIX. Manuel Candamo (Lima, 1841-Arequipa, 1904) fue un importante protagonista de la vida política peruana. Miembro del Partido Civil, se constituyó en figura clave durante el resurgimiento de esa agrupación después de la guerra con Chile. Fue senador durante muchos años, encabezó la Junta de Gobierno que se constituyó en 1895 al finalizar la guerra civil entre Cáceres y Piérola, y en 1903 se convirtió en Presidente de la República, cargo que ejerció hasta su muerte, pocos meses después.
Sensory Attributes and Antioxidant Potential of Value-added Products of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)
Authors: Garg Richika , Singla Neerja , Gupta Monika , Jain Rohini
Published: November 2022

Background: Grapefruits are one of the nutritious and most commonly consumed fruits in United States, next to oranges. Conversely, limited consumption has been reported in India due to its sour taste and bitter flavour. So, the present investigation was undertaken to produce value-added products (chiller, squash, spread and peel candy) from different varieties (Red blush, Ruby Red, marsh Seedless) with an objective to enhance its sensory acceptability. Methods: The four cultivars of grapefruits were procured from citrus farm of PAU, Ludhiana. Half of the fresh fruits were washed thoroughly in distilled water, peeled, sectioned into small pieces and dried in hot air oven at ±55°C. The dried fruit was then ground into fine powder and stored in the air-tight containers (27°C) for nutritional analysis whereas the other half was processed manually to formulate the value-added products in the Food Lab of the same for its sensorial evaluation. Result: Out of four varieties; Red blush became most acceptable for chiller and spread, whereas Ruby Red and Marsh Seedless for squash and peel candy. Prior to product formulation, nutritional parameters of varieties were analysed. They reported high amount of potassium and crude fibre i.e.111-117mg and 1.27-1.40 g/100 g. Among formulated products, ascorbic acid and antioxidant potential was highest in chiller i.e. 28.89 mg/100 g and 75.82%. Quercetin Equivalent was 77.33 (highest) in peel candy.
Neither here nor there: exploring the transnational identity of West African migrants living in South Africa
Authors: Opara Ijeoma
Published: November 2022

Xenophobia as a form of othering manifests differently in varying contexts, and against the backdrop of globalisation, the nature of migration and societal integration of foreigners has changed over time. In South Africa, xenophobia has been a vital issue connected to migrants, whereby those from other African countries face discrimination based on their nationality, ethnicity and economic disparities. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding how othering as a concept manifests beyond overt forms of violence and how it links to systemic forms of exclusion. The concept explored in this article is ‘West-a-phobia’, coined by Petkou (2005) when conducting his PhD research on West African migrants living in Johannesburg, South Africa. By reappropriating Petkou’s concept through a transnational theoretical framework, this article delves into the experience of six West African migrants living in South Africa over a long period to analyse how systemic and covert forms of othering manifest within the post-apartheid context. The key findings from this study conclude that West African migrants who have lived in South Africa over a particular period experience a lack of cohesion and integration into society.
Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics between Uganda and Rwanda in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022
Authors: Lamarque Hugh
Published: November 2022

This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Uganda and Rwanda in the context of the 2022 outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Rwanda; Tanzania; Kenya; and South Sudan. The outbreak began in Mubende, Uganda on 19 September 2022, approximately 300 kilometres from the Uganda-Rwanda border. At the time of writing (November 2022) it has spread to nine Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization, its presence in the Uganda capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. Rwanda is categorised as Priority 1, with significant preparedness activities underway. As of November 2022, there had been no case of SVD imported from Uganda into Rwanda, although alerts have been triggered at border posts. This brief provides details about cross-border relations, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and specific areas and actors most at risk. It is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, news reports, previous ethnographic research in Rwanda and Uganda, and informal discussions with colleagues from Save the Children, UNICEF, UNECA, UNDP, IOM, TBI, and the World Bank. It was requested by the Collective Service, written by Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh) and supported by Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica. It was reviewed by colleagues from Save the Children, Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies and the Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
Determination of some Antioxidant Activities (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Reduced Glutathione) and Oxidative Stress Level (Malondialdehyde Acid) in Cirrhotic Liver Patients
Authors: HAMAM Hamam , DEMİR Halit , AYDIN Mesut , DEMİR Canan
Published: November 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood serum of liver cirrhosis patients.Methods: İn This investigation, we took blood from 31 healthy individuals, and 30 patients with Cirrhosis in both males and females. In this study, serum MDA levels, SOD, GSH, and CAT activities were measured spectrophotometrically. In paired group comparisons in terms of continuous variables; the T-test was utilized where normal deviation was achieved, and Mann-Whitney U statistics was utilized where it was not. In addition, ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate their performance in differentiating the patient group from the control group.Results: SOD, CAT, and GSH activities were significantly decreased in the patient groups compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). MDA levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the healthy control group (p <0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, in this study, oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of liver cirrhosis. This study is the first one to show the relationships of MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH in liver cirrhosis. Further studies are essential to investigate antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress status in liver cirrhosis.
Changes in the International Energy Environment and Russia’s Energy Security
Authors:   East European and Balkan Institute, Lee Hongsub
Published: November 2022

In the aftermath of the Russia-Ukraine war, the world is suffering from inflation due to a surge in energy prices. The West is accusing Russia of using energy as a means of oppression, as a powerhouse in the world's energy market. Russia, on the other hand, claims that the West has intentionally instigated the war to block its energy markets. Which claim is closer to the truth will be revealed later, but this war once again confirmed just how great the impact of energy on the global political economy. The importance of energy has been highlighted to such an extent that if security in the 20th century depended on military power, the 21st century depended on energy resources such as oil and gas. If the Russian economy is isolated from the world economy through Western economic sanctions, the role of the government in the national economy will expand, which will lead to state capitalism, which has the effect of delaying Russia's reform. In addition, if Europe reduces or stops imports of Russian energy, the US is concerned about the fact that China will take over the lower price of Russian energy. In 2020, Russia adopted a new constitution, making it possible for Putin to remain president until 2036. With Putin in power for a long time, not only can he continue to lead Russia's energy development, but he can also push ahead with the 'New Eastern Policy' more strongly. This means that relations with China will be further strengthened soon. Among them, energy cooperation between the two countries will play a large part. Ultimately, for global energy security, Europe's energy imports from Russia should not be viewed only as a negative aspect of Europe's excessive dependence on Russia for resources. Rather, détente will be realized between Russia and the West through energy cooperation from the point of view of interdependence that Russia also depends on profits through the European market and that Europe needs Russia to secure the stability of supply.
ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN GROWING LEADERSHIP MINDSET AND CAPABILITY
Authors: Ofy Muhammad Syarofi , Ghoni Rizky Ridho Illah  , Dian Lestari
Published: November 2022

The organization is a place that can provide good leadership benefits related to a growth mindset and capability of communication or socialization. High socialization skills can be formed when someone joins the organization. This discussion focuses on the formation of perspectives or benefits obtained after joining an organization. This purpose is to inform that by following an organization, one can grow personal thinking to have leadership qualities and, with the existing experience, can hone ourselves. This discussion uses a qualitative descriptive method by collecting data on the problems discussed from sources from a literature review, explaining each study point discussed. The result of this discussion is that the organization can provide benefits that can foster a person's mindset to be better in shaping the spirit of leadership. Organizations can provide a different way of thinking, such as forming good relationships between individuals and groups and fostering a leadership spirit. This is in accordance with what was obtained during the process of organizing. During joining the organization, the benefits are obtained through the attitudes and traits that must be applied. This research found that organizational experiences is important to build a mindset, communication skill, and leadership capabilities that are beneficial for human social lives.
DISTRIBUTOR SELECTION ON THE IMPACT OF DEMAND FOR COFFEE PRODUCTS: AHP – SINGLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING
Authors: Pradana Johan Alfian , Dewanti Rizki Puspita , Abdulloh Mohamad Fauzin , Hidayat Andrean Pradana
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of suppliers based on the AHP method at the highest weight level, the consistency level of supplier performance based on the smallest consistency value and predict demand with the selected value in the conversion in the kilogram model. The research methodology is quantitative integration of AHP- Single Exponential Smoothing. The data of this study is primary data covering the AHP of the questionnaire, secondary data covering the data of actual requests. This study states that the performance of suppliers includes Quality, Cost and Delivery with consistency with the smallest criteria, namely Delivery, Quality and Flexybility. Meanwhile, the demand prediction with a capacity of 1336 cups of arabica coffee was converted to a capacity of arabica coffee beans of 27 kg in April 2022. The implications of this study are expected to be carried out in determining the dumping factor is experiment with a dumping factor decision-making model that is adjusted to the needs of the TKP Coffee Shop. The suggestion of this study for researchers can then determine the estimated capacity of safety supplies and an economical ordering model.
MACROECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCE THE DISTRIBUTION OF MSME FINANCING IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANKS
Authors: Masruri Zaimsyah Annisa , Fitri Mariatul
Published: November 2022

This study examines macroeconomic factors affecting MSME financing in Indonesian Islamic banks from 2014 to 2021. These factors include inflation, BI rate and exchange rate. The methodology of this study is a quantitative method using the OLS approach. The data used in this study is monthly data from 2014 to 2021. Data was collected from Central Bank and OJK publications. This study found that macroeconomic conditions also affect how MSME financing is channeled in Islamic banks, so inflation and exchange rate partially, but BI Rate does not affect the distribution of MSME financing. This is because Islamic banks do not use an attractive interest rate system but a profit-sharing system. The findings of this study have significant consequences for decision makers, Islamic banks, and market participants. Islamic banks should work more to provide financing for MSMEs. Islamic banks should use innovation and creativity to develop and market new products in MSME financing. Due to its narrow focus on MSME financing in Islamic banks, this research has several limitations including that this research only focuses on macroeconomic factors, many other factors can affect MSME financing such as internal bank factors. Further research can examine the impact of Islamic banking financing on MSME development.
DOES PAID PROMOTE INFLUENCES USER FREQUENCY TO PURCHASE? AN ANALYSIS USING AIDA DIMENSION
Authors: Muhammad Choiri Ikhsan  , Vina Sri Astuti  , Abdul Agung Wijaya  , Firdaus Finuliyah  , Ahmad Miskatul Qulub
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine how paid promote program in Instagram could influence user intention to purchase products of fashion, culinary and craft products that dominate. The method used is a descriptive analysis using Attention, Interest, Desire and Action (AIDA) dimension to measure user frequency of purchasing products promoted. Determination of the number of respondents using a survey technique of 100 respondents. Data analysis is done by recapitulating the results of filling out the questionnaire from respondents. Recapitulation is carried out with descriptive techniques to describe the facts of each of those studied. The findings are that relationship between the > 0.600 indicators and the AIDA dimension as an important construct in advertising sustainability is paid promote fashion, culinary and craft products. And the AIDA construct, namely Attention, Interest, Desire and Action, are the driving factors for the dominant frequency response 6-8 times in craft products. It can be said that paid promote can be one marketing tools for creative economic sector products. This study's implications are delivered in two sides, literature and practices. Implication for literature, this research sheds light on customer behavior research in this digital technology era, especially using social media Instagram through paid promote programs within AIDA dimension - which is not yet discussed in previous research. The practical implication of this research is it also brings an emerging development analysis of the impact of using paid promotion as one of the marketing media for the creative economy sector products.
Stress-induced Oral Lichen Planus Immunopathogenesis and Potential Therapy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Basalamah Fatimah F. , Pramitha Selviana R. , Pasaribu Togu Andrie S. , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Ernawati Diah Savitri
Published: November 2022

Background: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that only involves in the oral cavity and is mediated by the cellular immune system. The etiology of OLP is unclear but autoreactive T lymphocytes are considered to play an important role in the development of OLP. Factors like stress and psychological anxiety have been associated with OLP but their roles in the development of OLP is yet explored. Purpose: To describe stress-induced OLP immunopathogenesis and therapeutic potential. Reviews: In the early stages, the mechanism of OLP involves the expression of keratinocyte antigens or exposure to an antigen in the form of self-peptide or heat shock protein (HSP). HSP90 is the most expressed heat shock protein in the basal layer of keratinocytes and plays a role in recruitment of cellular immune cells through the production of cytokines due to TLR2/4 and CD91 activation, inflammatory cell migration due to 4 integrin activation, and increased antigen presentation due to HSP90-peptide binding to MHC class I/II. Stress as a physiological response triggers the release of the hormone cortisol from the adrenal cortex and catecholamine hormones such as epinephrine/ adrenaline and norepinephrine/noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Catecholamines increase the migration of T lymphocyte cells through the interaction of integrins and integrin ligands on the endothelium through the expression of 2-integrin after binding to adrenergic receptors on the cell membrane. Conclusion: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by various factors where stress increases the migration of T lymphocyte cells on the side that expresses self-peptides and antigens through the interaction of immune cells with catecholamines. Topical nonselective beta blockers can be supporting therapy in reducing pain and size of OLP lesions.
Collaborative Learning Action Cell (CLAC) mentoring program to self-efficacy of the out-of-field senior high school teachers
Authors: Sumbilla Cristie S. , Trogo Lurry Clare S. , Luntao Merlita C.
Published: November 2022

Teachers teaching not their field of specialization is unavoidable; thus, structural support must be in place so that the school supports these teachers. Considering this prevalence, the study aimed to determine the effects of the collaborative learning action cell (CLAC) mentoring program on the self-efficacy of the out-of-field Senior High School (SHS) teachers of New Lucena National Comprehensive High School during the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019. This action research utilized an experimental method specifically, the one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants of this study were the purposively selected 12 out-of-field SHS teachers. The research instrument adopted was the Ohio State teacher efficacy scale (OSTES) to capture a broad range of capabilities necessary for good teaching. The results of the study revealed that the level of self-efficacy of the out-of-field SHS teachers is "low" prior to the intervention and "high" level after exposure. Furthermore, the teachers' self-efficacy level significantly increased after exposure to the program. Thus, the CLAC mentoring program is an alternative program to increase the level of self-efficacy of the out-of-field SHS teachers. The research study calls for the importance of formulating a school-initiated intervention that will guide efforts to assist out-of-field teachers.
THE USAGE OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) METHOD IN HYPERTENSION OCCURRING AT ACHMAD MOCHTAR HOSPITAL BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Yasril Abdi Iswahyudi , Wijayantono Wijayantono
Published: November 2022

Hypertension or high blood pressure has many factors, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method is able to analyze the multivariable and find out the direct and indirect effects in a model of the relationship among variables. The purpose of this research to determine the use of structural equation modeling methods (SEM) to assess the factors affecting hypertension in Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi Hospital. This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design study. The research sample is 151 respondents at Poli Interne Ahmad Mochtar Bukittinggi Hospital. Analysis was with the structural equation modeling (SEM) method with a CI 95%. The results showed that of the 5 latent variables only 3 had a direct effect on hypertension, namely blood fat (T-value = 5.806), lifestyle (T-value = 13.505) and disease history (T-value = 2.518). )> 1.96. Meanwhile, demographics (0.530) and obesity (0.163) do not directly affect hypertension but can indirectly affect them. It can be concluded that: Lifestyle is a dominant factor because it can directly and indirectly affect hypertension through obesity, blood fats and disease history. It is expected that the research will be able to determine the problem solving plan of hypertension, because it will be known the model of the factors that influence the incidence of hypertension so that planning can be directed at variables that have a more significant influence" either directly or indirectly.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE AVAILABILITY OF HEALTH SERVICES AS THE DOMINANT FACTOR ON THE USAGE OF VAGINAL DOUCHING BASED ON MARITAL STATUS
Authors: Shabran Zidni Hasbuna , Purwanto Bambang , Atika Atika
Published: November 2022

The practice of vaginal douching remains as one of the most attentive topics in the public health domain. The prevalence of vaginal douching in Indonesia about 75% both married and unmarried, despite its risks towards health and well being. This practice can be prevented and avoided by managing the factors behind its practice, which were studied through consideration of the role of social media, health services, knowledge, attitude, culture, and experience. The purpose of this study is to identify the major factors behind the practice of vaginal douching among women according to their marital status. This research was designed as an observational analysis study with cross sectional survey and 152 samples were collected with simple random sampling. Bivariate analysis were done using Chi-square while multivariate analysis were done with logistic regression to determine the dominant factor behind the practice. Factors being considered in the analysis were social media, health services, knowledge, attitude, culture, and experience. The most significant factors according to marital status were social media (OR = 6,2; CI: 1,83 – 21,11; p value = 0,003) and health services (OR = 3,0; CI: 1,23 – 7,42; p value = 0,016).
DETERMINANT FACTORS COUPLES TO AVOID HAVING MORE CHILDREN IN BALI PROVINCE
Authors: Indrayathi Putu Ayu , Marfianti Istiana , Pradnyani Putu Erma , Ulandari Luh Putu Sinthya , Titisari Anastasia Septya , Swandewi Luh Kadek Ratih
Published: November 2022

The number of married women and men who no longer want children in Bali Province is consistent with a relatively high contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) of 67%, higher than the national average of 64%. The large proportion of couples of reproductive age (CRA) who no longer want children either at the national or provincial level in Bali is an interesting thing to be analyzed further to see the factors that influence it. This study investigated secondary data of the 2017 Indonesia Demography and Health Survey (IDHS) in Bali Province. The variables studied included socio-demographics and desire to have children. The sample size was 271 married women (15-49 years). We found that the age of women of reproductive age (WRA), occupation of WRA, number of children alive, and ideal number of children are the four significant factors that influence the desire to have no more children in married couples. Based on these findings, a better family planning program can hopefully be made in the Bali province.