bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the Montgomery Lake and Hurwitz groups, and stratigraphic revision of the lower Hurwitz Group, District of Keewatin
Authors: Aspler Lawrence B. , Chiarenzelli Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2010

Recent detailed mapping has resulted in a possible solution to a long-standing stratigraphic controversy as to whether the contact between the Montgomery Lake Group (age uncertain) and the Hurwitz Group (Paleoproterozoic) is an unconformity. In its type area, the Montgomery Lake Group consists of mainly immature litharenite and lithic wacke, and is separated from underlying Archean greenstones and the overlying Hurwitz Group by angular unconformities. In the Padlei belt, a unit previously referred to as "Montgomery Lake sedimentary rocks," "Montgomery Lake Group," or "map unit X" consists of mainly submature to mature subarkose to quartz arenite, with interbeds of pyritic (auriferous) and nonpyritic (locally red) quartz pebble conglomerate. These rocks differ from the Montgomery Lake Group in its type area, but bear strong lithologic and stratigraphic resemblence to rocks in the lower Hurwitz Group. Furthermore, interfingering between map unit X and Hurwitz Group lithotypes suggests that map unit X is an integral part of the Herwitz Group and that its upper contact is transitional. We formally propose that map unit X be called the "Noomut Formation," a new unit at the base of the Hurwitz Group. In the absence of an unconformity in its lower part, the lower Hurwitz Group provides a continous record of the time during which free oxygen was sustained in Earth's atmosphere, and of paleoclimatic changes that may be related to the breakup of an earliest Paleoproterozoic supercontinent.
Characterization of the Benny deformation zone, Sudbury, Ontario
Authors: Kellett R. L. , Rivard B.
Published: June 2010

Remote sensing imagery and geophysical data are well known as valuable tools for reconnaissance mapping in unknown areas, but they can also be used to reinterpret existing regional geological maps. A combination of airborne magnetic data and synthetic aperture radar images, at both a regional and a detailed scale, have been used to identify a wrench-fault system on the Canadian Shield north of the Sudbury structure. The 3–4 km wide deformation zone comprises a set of subparallel vertical faults bounding blocks of Archean granites, Archean metavolcanics of the Benny greenstone belt, and Paleoproterozoic metasediments of the Huronian supergroup. Using high-resolution airborne radar and magnetic data, the fault zone is found to extend for 40 km along the southern margin of the Benny greenstone belt. The wrench-fault system may have been tectonically active during several episodes throughout the Proterozoic. An interpretation of these data, supported by additional field mapping, indicates that the 1240 Ma Sudbury dyke swarm has been intruded through the deformation zone after its most active period of movement. Overprinting of Sudbary impact breccia at the southern edge of the deformation zone suggests that some movement occurred on the faults postdating the 1850 Ma meteorite impact. Lineaments that correlate spatially with the wrench-fault system can be traced across the southern Superior Province and the Cobalt Embayment on the regional images. However, more high-resolution studies are required to establish the same overprinting relationships along the length of the lineaments.
Seismic reflection constraints on imbrication and underplating of the northern Cascadia convergent margin
Authors: Calvert A. J.
Published: June 2010

An interpretation of the deep structure of the continental shelf offshore southern Vancouver Island, subject to constraints from other geophysical data, is derived by combining seismic reflection profiles shot in 1989 with those from an earlier 1985 survey. Accretionary wedge sediments, which extend landward beneath the volcanic Crescent terrane, comprise two primary units, both of which have shortened through duplex formation. The maximum thickness of the Crescent terrane, 6–8 km, occurs just seaward of its contact with the inboard, largely metasedimentary Pacific Rim terrane. The E region of reflectivity, first detected dipping landward beneath Vancouver Island, is regionally extensive, being observed on all the seismic profiles. The E reflectivity thins seaward and splits into two or more strands that probably link into major faults within the accreted sedimentary wedge. Reflections from the interplate décollement beneath the outer continental shelf separate from the downgoing plate, continue into the deepest level of the E reflectivity, and are interpreted to represent a single décollement surface above which imbrication of accreted units occurred. It is proposed that at the southern end of Vancouver Island the E reflections represent mainly underthrust sediments above a former subduction décollement, both of which were incorporated into the overlying continent when the subduction thrust stepped down into the descending oceanic plate. This change in depth of the subduction thrust underplated one or more mafic units to the continent. The reflection from the top of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate appears to be around 5 km shallower farther north along the margin, indicating that the underplated region could be confined to the embayment in the Cascadia subduction zone.
COMPUTING THE RUPTURE DEGREE IN COMPOSITE GRAPHS
Authors: AYTAC AYSUN , ODABAS ZEYNEP NIHAN
Published: June 2010

The rupture degree of an incomplete connected graph G is defined by [Formula: see text] where w(G - S) is the number of components of G - S and m(G - S) is the order of a largest component of G - S. For the complete graph Kn, rupture degree is defined as 1 - n. This parameter can be used to measure the vulnerability of a graph. Rupture degree can reflect the vulnerability of graphs better than or independent of the other parameters. To some extent, it represents a trade-off between the amount of work done to damage the network and how badly the network is damaged. Computing the rupture degree of a graph is NP-complete. In this paper, we give formulas for the rupture degree of composition of some special graphs and we consider the relationships between the rupture degree and other vulnerability parameters.
COMBINATORICS OF LIFE AND DEATH FOR REACTION SYSTEMS
Authors: EHRENFEUCHT ANDRZEJ , MAIN MICHAEL , ROZENBERG GRZEGORZ
Published: June 2010

Reaction systems are a functional model of interactions between biochemical reactions. They define functions on finite sets (over a common finite domain). In this paper, we investigate combinatorial properties of functions defined by reaction systems. In particular, we provide analytical approximations of combinatorial properties of random reaction systems, with a focus on the probability of whether a system lives or dies. Based on these results, we can create parameterized random reaction systems that rarely die. We also empirically analyze the length of time before such a system enters cyclic behavior, and find that the time is related to the behavior of completely random functions on a smaller domain.
LOW-LATENCY CONNECTED COMPONENT LABELING USING AN FPGA
Authors: ITO YASUAKI , NAKANO KOJI
Published: June 2010

Connected component labeling is a process that assigns unique labels to the connected components of a binary image. The main contribution of this paper is to present a low-latency hardware connected component labeling algorithm for k-concave binary images designed and implemented in FPGA. Pixels of a binary image are given to the FPGA in raster order, and the resulting labels are also output in the same order. The advantage of our labeling algorithm is low latency and to use a small internal storage of the FPGA. We have implemented our hardware labeling algorithm in an Altera Stratix Family FPGA, and evaluated the performance. The implementation result shows that for a 10-concave binary image of 2048 × 2048, our connected component labeling algorithm runs in approximately 70ms and its latency is approximately 750µs.
THE SPACE COMPLEXITY OF LEADER ELECTION IN ANONYMOUS NETWORKS
Authors: ANDO EI , ONO HIROTAKA , SADAKANE KUNIHIKO , YAMASHITA MASAFUMI
Published: June 2010

The leader election problem is unsolvable for some anonymous networks. A leader election algorithm for anonymous networks thus elects a leader whenever it is possible; if it is impossible, the algorithm reports this fact. This paper investigates the space complexity of the leader election problem in anonymous networks, where the space complexity is measured by the size (in the number of bits) of memory per processor used by a leader election algorithm. We first observe that Ω(M + log d) bits are necessary and then show that O(n log d) bits are sufficient to construct a leader election algorithm that works on any network, where n, d and M are the number of processors, the maximum number of adjacent processors, and the maximum size (in bits) of a message, respectively. We next show that, for any arbitrarily fixed constant n, O(1) bits are sufficient to construct a leader election algorithm that works in any network of size n.
EULER–POINCARÉ FLOWS ON THE LOOP BOTT–VIRASORO GROUP AND SPACE OF TENSOR DENSITIES AND (2 + 1)-DIMENSIONAL INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS
Authors: GUHA PARTHA
Published: June 2010

Following the work of Ovsienko and Roger ([54]), we study loop Virasoro algebra. Using this algebra, we formulate the Euler–Poincaré flows on the coadjoint orbit of loop Virasoro algebra. We show that the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation and various other (2 + 1)-dimensional Korteweg–deVries (KdV) type systems follow from this construction. Using the right invariant H1inner product on the Lie algebra of loop Bott–Virasoro group, we formulate the Euler–Poincaré framework of the (2 + 1)-dimensional of the Camassa–Holm equation. This equation appears to be the Camassa–Holm analogue of the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff type (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation. We also derive the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalization of the Hunter–Saxton equation. Finally, we give an Euler–Poincaré formulation of one-parameter family of (1 + 1)-dimensional partial differential equations, known as the b-field equations. Later, we extend our construction to algebra of loop tensor densities to study the Euler–Poincaré framework of the (2 + 1)-dimensional extension of b-field equations.
PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF Ag, Au-DEPOSITED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY SONOCHEMICAL REDUCTION METHOD
Authors: YANG DANIEL , LEE SANG-WHA
Published: June 2010

The photocatalytic activity of metal-deposited TiO 2 was investigated with different surface coverage of nanosized noble metals ( Ag and Au ). The sonochemical deposition of nanosized metals on the TiO 2 matrix was prepared by adjusting the loading volumes of silver and gold precursors in an ultrasound-driven cell. Non-annealed Ag-TiO 2 exhibited the maximal activity in the optimal loading ranges of silver precursor (e.g. 0.2–0.3 ml of 1.0 wt.% AgNO 3), displaying the enhanced efficiency of electron–hole separation. The addition of nanosized Au on Ag-TiO 2 proved to be undesirable to improve the photocatalytic activity of Au/Ag-TiO 2, except for the excessive loading of metal precursors (0.3 ml of 1.0 wt.% AgNO 3 + 0.2 ml of 1.0 wt.% HAuCl 4). XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the co-existence of Ag and Au species, and the reduction of PL (photoluminescence) intensity indicated the efficient separation of electron–hole pairs for optimal doping of nanosized metals on the TiO 2 matrix.
COMPLEX IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY ON ZnO-B2O3 DOPED (Ba, Sr)TiO3 CERAMICS
Authors: MOON SANG-HO , HAM YONG-SU , KOH JUNG-HYUK
Published: June 2010

BST ceramics with doping of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method and sintered at 1100°. X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out to verify the structural properties. 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO doped BST ceramics were crystallized with weak tetragonal structure at 1100°C. The grain growth behavior and shapes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy images. The electrical properties of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO doped BST ceramics were investigated by impedance spectroscopy at the different temperatures (350, 375, and 400°C). Impedance spectroscopy data presented in Nyquist plot show the existence of both grain and grain boundary effects in all specimens. 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO doped BST ceramics showed negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR). Also, the capacitances and resistances of grains and grain boundaries for 1, 3, and 5 wt.% doped BST ceramics were simulated through equivalent circuit with the parallelly connected capacitors and resistors. The capacitance and resistance were decreased when temperature and ZnBO dopants were increased.
ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND MAGNETORESISTANCE OF (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)1-x/(CuFe2O4)x COMPOSITES
Authors: KIM YOUNG JOO , KUMAR SHALENDRA , SEO YONG JUN , CHANG JIHO , LEE CHAN GYU , KOO BON HEUN
Published: June 2010

The ( La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3)1-x/( CuFe 2O4)x (x = 0–0.15) composites were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. We have investigated the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of ( La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3)1-x/( CuFe 2 O 4)x composites using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, field cooled DC magnetization and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements. The resistance measured as a function of temperature demonstrates that pure LCMO samples display metal to semiconductor transition. On the other hand, all the LCMO/CFO composites samples clearly present the electrical behavior of insulator/semiconductor. It indicates that resistivity of the samples increase systemically with the increase of CFO content. The MR was measured in the presence of 0.5 T field. At low temperatures, it is clearly observed that the MR effect is enhanced with x = 0.03 of CFO composition. In summary, the spin-polarized tunneling and the spin-dependent scattering may be helpful to the improved low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) effect. These phenomena can be explained by the segregation of a new phase related to CFO at the grain boundaries or surfaces of the LCMO grains.
ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTROCHROMIC DURABILITY OF A FILM MADE OF SILICA-POLYANILINE CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES
Authors: HWANG TAEJIN , LEE HEUNGYEOL , KIM HOHYEONG , KIM GYUNTAK , MUN GYEONGJIN
Published: June 2010

Enhancing the operation life time or the electrochemical durability is one of the key issues in electrochromic material studies. It is generally accepted that the inorganic–organic hybrid structure is one of the effective ways to enhance the chemical stability of the material. In this study, an electrochromic film made of silica-polyaniline core-shell composite nanoparticles was tested. The composite particles were prepared through a chemical dispersion polymerization of aniline in an aqueous colloidal solution of silica. The synthesized particles were then dispersed into ethanol and the solution was deposited onto an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate. The electrochromic characterization on the prepared films was performed using the cyclovoltammetry and the optical response to a switching potential. The results showed that the inorganic–organic core-shell hybrid nanoparticle could be a promising choice for the enhancement of electrochromic durability.
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF FABRICATED MICRONOZZLE FOR SUPERSONIC PARTICLE DEPOSITION
Authors: JUNG KYUBONG , SONG WOOJIN , CHUN DOO-MAN , YEO JUN-CHEOL , KIM MIN-SAENG , AHN SUNG-HOON , LEE CAROLINE SUNYONG
Published: June 2010

A micronozzle was applied in nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS) for supersonic deposition. To determine whether suitable behavior of supersonic fluid can be produced or not, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow analysis was used. Ni particles were successfully deposited using the fabricated micronozzle in NPDS at room temperature. It was found that shorter micronozzle with larger side profile deposits wide and thick film compared to the deposition using long micronozzle with smaller side profile. These experimental results agree with the simulation results.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Y2SiO5:Ce3+ PHOSPHOR MATERIALS BY SOL–GEL PROCESS
Authors: KO YOUNG-JAE , LEE JONG KYU , CHU MIN-CHEOL , BAE DONG-SIK
Published: June 2010

Y 2 SiO 5: Ce 3+ particles was synthesized by sol–gel process. In all samples treated at 1100°C, monoclinic X 1 phase for all cerium concentration. Luminescence spectra shows broad Ce 3+ luminescence in Y 2 SiO 5 host, which picks around 450 nm. The synthesized and calcined powders were characterized by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL).
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAST AC7AV ALLOY AFTER ALTERNATIVE MULTI-PASS FRICTION STIR PROCESSING
Authors: PARK JAE-CHEUL , KIM SEONG-JONG
Published: June 2010

Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to improve the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of AC7AV cast Al–Mg alloy. The mechanical characteristics of AC7AV deteriorated due to significant defects caused by excessive friction heat after being subjected to multi-pass FSP. An alternative method of multi-pass FSP with two traveling directions was used to solve the defect problems in multi-pass FSP for cast AC7AV Al alloy. The results of various multi-pass FSP experiments showed that the mechanical properties of the cast AC7AV Al alloy specimens subjected to this alternative multi-pass FSP were better than those produced by the conventional multi-pass FSP method.
SOL–GEL COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE Y3Al5O12:Eu3+ PHOSPHORS
Authors: JUNG YE RAN , YANG HYUN KYOUNG , MOON BYUNG KEE , CHOI BYUNG CHUN , JEONG JUNG HYUN , KIM JUNG HWAN , BAE JONG SEONG , JEONG EUI DUCK
Published: June 2010

Nanosized YAG:Eu 3+ powder samples were synthesized by using co-precipitation method and combining stoichiometric ratios of Y ( NO 3)3 · 6 H 2 O , Eu ( NO 3)3 · 5 H 2 O , Al(OR) 3. After sintering at the temperature of 900°C for 3 h, YAG:Eu 3+ nanoparticles with single phase were obtained. In comparison with the conventional solid-state reaction process, this sol–gel process not only decreased the temperature required for synthesizing YAG:Eu 3+ powder, but also reduced their particle size to the nanometer range. The crystallinity, surface morphology and photoluminescent characteristics of phosphors were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and luminescence spectrophotometer, respectively. The size of the nanocrystalline materials was found to increase from 33.66 to 51.70 nm with the annealing temperature increasing from 900° to 1100°C. The photoluminescence spectra shows the emissions radiated by the transitions from 5 D 0 excited states to 7 F J (J = 1, 2) states of Eu 3+ ions. The crystallinity, surface morphology and photoluminescence spectra of phosphors were highly dependent on the sintering temperature.
DIRECT GROWTH OF VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES ON CU FOILS FOR APPLICATIONS IN LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
Authors: LEE BYEONG-JOO , KIM JIN-JU , CHOI KANG-HEE , SHIN EUI-CHUL , KIM WAN-JUN , LEE SUNG-MAN , JEONG GOO-HWAN
Published: June 2010

We report direct growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VCNTs) on Cu foils using thermal chemical vapor deposition and present the feasibility of possible applications as anode materials in lithium ion batteries. The VCNTs were vertically standing on the Cu foils which were covered with catalytic iron and alumina buffer layers. The growth temperature was 725°C and acetylene under atmospheric pressure was used as a hydrocarbon source. The VCNT grown had mean diameter of 5.8 nm and showed electrical ohmic contact to Cu foils. Electrochemical properties of Li ion battery cell using VCNT anode were examined and high capacitance was observed.
EFFECT OF INDIUM ADDITION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND STRENGTH OF Au–Pt–Cu–Sn DENTAL BIOMATERIAL
Authors: BYEON JAI WON
Published: June 2010

Through our previous screening experiments for a new dental alloy design, an Au–11.9Pt–0.6Cu–0.5Sn alloy was selected as a candidate in terms of good strength and surface properties. In this report, the effects of In (indium) on the microstructures and hardness of a dental Au–11.9Pt–0.6Cu–0.5Sn– x In alloy (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.%) was investigated. The hardness of the Au–11.9Pt–0.6Cu–0.5Sn– x In alloys increased with increasing In content up to 0.75 wt.% and then started to decrease with further increase in In content. Particularly, the alloy containing 0.75% In exhibited noticeably high hardness of 172 Hv. With the addition of In to the Au–Pt–Cu–Sn alloy, grain size decreased and a large number of fine precipitates were formed. The precipitates were identified as Pt 3( Sn, In ) by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and nanospot energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The increased hardness with the addition of In was attributed to the precipitation hardening of Pt 3( Sn, In ) and the grain refinement.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH DURING HOT WORKING OF INCONEL 783 SUPERALLOY
Authors: YEOM JONG-TAEK , JUNG EUN JEOUNG , KIM JEE HOON , KIM JEOUNG HAN , HONG JAE-KEUN , PARK NHO-KWANG , KIM KOOK-JOO , CHOI SEUNG-SIK
Published: June 2010

In this study, the modeling of recrystallization and grain growth was investigated to predict the microstructure evolution during hot working of INCONEL 783 superalloy (Alloy 783). The recrystallization model was constructed on the basis of the Avrami formation. A least-square optimization technique was used to determine several important parameters within the model from isothermal heat treatment and hot compression test results. High temperature compression tests were carried out under different temperatures, strain rates and strain conditions. The model for describing the recrystallization and grain growth behaviors of Alloy 783 was implemented onto the user-subroutine of a commercial FE code. In order to demonstrate the reliability of the model, the microstructure evolution of Alloy 783 alloy during the hot compression test was simulated and was accorded well with the experimental results.
METAL-DOPED ZnO THIN FILMS: SYNTHESIS, ETCHING CHARACTERISTIC, AND APPLICATION TEST FOR ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED) DEVICES
Authors: NAM SANG-HUN , KIM MYOUNG-HWA , YOO DONG GEUN , JEONG SEONG HUN , KIM DOO YONG , LEE NAE-EUNG , BOO J.-H.
Published: June 2010

Metal-doped ZnO films with various metal contents ( Al , Ag and Li of 0–10 wt.%) were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering system with specially designed ZnO targets. The structural, optical and electrical properties of MZO films depended on the type and content of doping in target. Electrical resistivity of LZO thin films increased with increasing Li doping amounts between 0 and 4 wt.%, suggesting that an epitaxial LZO film has high resistivity. We observed morphology in pure ZnO films by using different etchant. In addition, etching rate were contrasted with the etchant concentration and pH. The etching rate is proportional exponentially to pH value. These data will be the technical basis for TCO application. Also, the dry etching rate decreased with increasing the Cl 2 concentration in CH 4/ H 2/ Ar + additive Cl 2 gas mixture but metal dopants were etched effectively.
Shorting Down Value: The Toxic Effect of Insufficient Internal Liquidity
Authors: Murphy Austin , Callaghan Joe , Parkash Mohinder
Published: June 2010

This paper demonstrates analytically how short sellers can put non-transitory downward pressure on the stock market prices and intrinsic values of companies that need to raise external capital because of insufficient internal liquidity. The model helps explain anomalous empirical findings in the extant literature on negative returns to stocks subjected to heavy shorting activity. The implications of the model also supply normative justification for the sizable cash reserves held by corporations and their reluctance to raise external capital. The equity pricing effects implied by the model are illustrated for a large empirical sample of companies negatively impacted by heavy short sales. Empirical tests are also conducted in this research that provide evidence consistent with the theory.
International Hedge Ratios for Index Futures Market: A Simultaneous Equations Approach
Authors: Lee Cheng-Few , Lin Fu-Lai , Chen Mei-Ling
Published: June 2010

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate hedge ratios in terms of the international index futures markets. Instead of looking at hedging in a single market, we construct a simultaneous equations system to study the index hedging in the light of the cross-country linkage and interaction. The three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimating procedure is then applied to CAC40 and FTSE100 indices over the period 1990–2008. The empirical results indicate that the cross-country hedging strategy in both markets is feasible and the investors can bring down the holding position in own futures market. Moreover, the hedging effectiveness of cross-country hedging strategy performs better than the traditional single market hedging strategy in terms of the percentage reduction in variance.
China's Banking Reform and Profitability
Authors: Hwa Erh-Cheng , Lei Yang
Published: June 2010

Just as the worse global financial crisis since the Second World War threatens the survival of many global financial giants, the strong financial performance of the Chinese banks stands out. The record profits of Chinese banks are commendable considering that they were considered insolvent not too long ago. The paper reviews the reform strategy of Chinese state commercial banks and its implementation, as well as their strong financial performance in 2007 based upon the four largest listed state commercial banks. Even though a strong economy may have boosted performance, banking reform should have played a significant role in turning around Chinese banks.
Loyalty Based Investment
Authors: Lee Pei-Hsuan , Wang Ching-Wen
Published: June 2010

This study investigates the loyalty-based investment behavior in Taiwan. The link between team associations and loyalty has been examined to understand the characteristics of loyalty-based investors. The results revealed that both behavioral loyalty and attitudinal loyalty have significant positive effects on fans' investment intentions. Moreover, both attributes and benefits are significantly and positively related to either aspect of loyalty. In specific, behavioral loyalty has a higher influence on investment intentions than attitudinal loyalty does. It is the benefits provided by the team to fans, not the attributes alone that have strong impacts on loyalty.
INSTANTANEOUS NOISE-BASED LOGIC
Authors: KISH LASZLO B. , KHATRI SUNIL , PEPER FERDINAND
Published: June 2010

We show two universal, Boolean, deterministic logic schemes based on binary noise timefunctions that can be realized without time-averaging units. The first scheme is based on a new bipolar random telegraph wave scheme and the second one makes use of the recent noise-based logic which is conjectured to be the brain's method of logic operations [Phys. Lett. A 373 (2009) 2338–2342]. Error propagation and error removal issues are also addressed.
The Dynamics of Collaborative Tagging: An Analysis of Tag Vocabulary Application in Knowledge Representation, Discovery and Retrieval
Authors: Makani Joyline , Spiteri Louise
Published: June 2010

This study investigates the contribution of collaborative tagging to the design of user-driven vocabularies in knowledge management systems (KMS). Three metrics, tag growth, tag reuse, and tag discrimination, were used to examine the evolution of the tagging vocabulary of the knowledge management community of interest in CiteULike over a three-year period. Results indicate a steady decrease in the number of unique tags over the four years, suggesting an increasing stability in the community vocabulary over time and the establishment of domain-specific vocabulary. Members reused each others' tags over time and exhibited increasingly collaborative tagging behaviour. Tag discrimination was high, with 4.11 distinct articles per tag. The stable and discriminatory nature of the community's tags suggests that collaborative tagging may serve as a useful resource for vocabulary choice or maintenance by KMS managers.
Knowledge Management of Healthcare by Clinical-Pathways
Authors: Yamazaki Tomoyoshi , Umemoto Katsuhiro
Published: June 2010

Healthcare is a knowledge-intensive service provided by professionals, such as medical doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. Clinical-pathways are used by many healthcare organisations (HCOs) as a tool for performing the healthcare process, sharing and utilising knowledge from different professionals. In this paper, case studies were performed at two HCOs that use clinical-pathways actively in the healthcare process. Theoretical model construction, sharing, utilisation, and creation of the knowledge by different professionals, were tested by the case study of two HCOs which use clinical pathways actively. The theoretical model was a knowledge creation model which creates new knowledge continuously. In this theoretical model, clinical-pathways are suggested to be an effective tool for knowledge management in healthcare.
National Culture Practices and Societal Information Dissemination Capacity
Authors: Khalil Omar E. M. , Seleim Ahmed
Published: June 2010

Societies exhibit varying capacities for information dissemination. This research explores the impact of national culture practices on information dissemination capacity (IDC) at the societal level. Nine hypotheses were formulated and tested. Countries with high information dissemination capacities were found to have a pattern of high uncertainty avoidance, high future orientation, high institutional collectivism, low in-group collectivism, and low gender egalitarianism practices. However, the comparison of the results of the culture values-based and culture practices-based regression models suggest that cultural values provide a better interpretation for the IDC variance than do cultural practices. A society's IDC can be interpreted in terms of its uncertainty avoidance, institutional collectivism, and gender egalitarianism cultural values. Given its limitations, the findings of this research provide a foundation for the formulation of culturally-oriented policies to enhance IDC at the societal level.
One-Qubit and Two-Qubit Codes in Noisy State Transfer
Authors: Markiewicz Marcin , Wieśniak Marcin
Published: June 2010

Quantum state transfer is a procedure, which allows to exchange quantum information between stationary qubit systems. It is anticipated that the transfer will find applications in solid-state quantum computing. In this contribution, we discuss the effects of various, physically relevant models of decoherence on a toy model of six qubit linearly coupled by the exchange interaction. In many cases we observe the advantage of the two-qubit encoding, which can be associated with the fact that this encoding does not require the state initialization.
Quantum Models of the Recognition Process — On a Convergence Theorem
Authors: Fichtner Karl-Heinz , Fichtner Lars , Freudenberg Wolfgang , Ohya Masanori
Published: June 2010

One of the main activities of the brain is the recognition of signals. As it was pointed out in [22, 25] the procedure of recognition can be described as follows: There is a set of complex signals stored in the memory. Choosing one of these signals may be interpreted as generating a hypothesis concerning an "expected view of the world". Then the brain compares a signal arising from our senses with the signal chosen from the memory. That changes the state of both signals in such a manner that after the procedure the signals coincide in a certain sense. Furthermore, measurements of that procedure like EEG or MEG are based on the fact that recognition of signals causes a certain loss of excited neurons, i.e. the neurons change their state from "excited" to "nonexcited". For that reason a statistical model of the recognition process should reflect both — the change of the signals and the loss of excited neurons. Now, [5] represents the first attempt to explain the process of recognition in terms of quantum statistics. According to the general conception of quantum theory, the procedure of recognition should be described by an operator on a certain Hilbert space. In [5] we proposed two candidates for such an operator. One of them reflects in a clear sense the mentioned change of the signals. The other one reflects the loss of excited neurons. We will prove (cf. Theorem 4) that for sufficiently high intensities of the signals both operators are approximately equal.
Justifying Additive Noise Model-Based Causal Discovery via Algorithmic Information Theory
Authors: Janzing Dominik , Steudel Bastian
Published: June 2010

A recent method for causal discovery is in many cases able to infer whether X causes Y or Y causes X for just two observed variables X and Y. It is based on the observation that there exist (non-Gaussian) joint distributions P(X,Y) for which Y may be written as a function of X up to an additive noise term that is independent of X and no such model exists from Y to X. Whenever this is the case, one prefers the causal model X → Y. Here we justify this method by showing that the causal hypothesis Y → X is unlikely because it requires a specific tuning between P(Y) and P(X|Y) to generate a distribution that admits an additive noise model from X to Y. To quantify the amount of tuning, needed we derive lower bounds on the algorithmic information shared by P(Y) and P(X|Y). This way, our justification is consistent with recent approaches for using algorithmic information theory for causal reasoning. We extend this principle to the case where P(X,Y)almost admits an additive noise model. Our results suggest that the above conclusion is more reliable if the complexity of P(Y) is high.
Reverse-Mode Liquid Crystal Gels with Twisted Orientation
Authors: Yamaguchi Rumiko , Xiong Likun
Published: June 2010

Anisotropic gel films with a twisted molecular orientation of a photopolymerized liquid crystal acrylate and a conventional liquid crystal are demonstrated. The gel films are free of haze at all angles of incident light. Upon application of a voltage across the gel films, the films assume a strong light scattering state with no polarizers. Their contrast ratio and viewing angle properties are improved by increasing twist angle from 90 to 270°.
Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells with Donor–Acceptor Ratio Varied across the Film Prepared by Evaporative Spray Deposition Using Ultradilute Solution Method
Authors: Shakutsui Masato , Iwamoto Tadashi , Fujita Katsuhiko
Published: June 2010

We fabricated three types of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic cells with the electron donor and acceptor ratio varied across the film. One has a stacked layer structure of a donor-rich layer (2:1) the near cathode and an acceptor-rich layer (1:2) near the anode (DA-BHJ), another has a stacked structure with the inverse order (AD-BHJ), and the other has a constant ratio (1:1) as a reference. These were fabricated by evaporative spray deposition using ultradilute solution (ESDUS) method. The DA-BHJ cell showed significantly higher energy conversion efficiency than the AD-BHJ cell and the reference BHJ cell where the three exhibited almost identical light absorption.
Illumination by Near-Critical-Angle Incidence for Imaging Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy with Electron-Multiplying Charge-Coupled Device Camera
Authors: Matsumoto Masayoshi , Sugiura Tadao , Minato Kotaro
Published: June 2010

We developed a novel illumination method for imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (imaging FCS) with electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EM-CCD) to regulate the depth of observation volume. In this method, a laser beam for excitation is incident to a glass-water boundary at an angle slightly smaller than critical angle. Transmitted light excites molecules only in the vicinity of the boundary. Through an FCS imaging experiment and a simulation based on a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, we have confirmed that field intensity decays exponentially with distance and penetration depth varies with incident angle until 2 µm, which is more than 10 times larger than that of a typical evanescent field.
Improved Reproducibility in CaF2/Fe3Si/CaF2 Ferromagnetic Resonant Tunneling Diodes on Si(111) Substrates by Selected-Area Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Sadakuni-Makabe Kenji , Suzuno Mitsushi , Harada Kazunori , Akinaga Hiro , Suemasu Takashi
Published: June 2010

CaF2 (3 nm)/Fe3Si (5 nm)/CaF2 (3 nm) ferromagnetic resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) approximately 200 nm in diameter were grown on an n+-Si(111) substrate through SiO2 hole arrays by selected-area molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Selected-area MBE improved the yield of negative differential resistance (NDR) observed in the current–voltage (J–V) characteristics. Approximately 40% of the RTDs showed clear NDR in the room temperature J–V characteristics, where the forward bias was applied to the Fe3Si upper layers with respect to the n+-Si substrate.
Comparative Study on Ejection Phenomena of Droplets from Electro-Hydrodynamic Jet by Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Coatings of Nozzles
Authors: Kim Yong-Jae , Choi Jaeyong , Son Sang Uk , Lee Sukhan , Nguyen Xuan Hung , Nguyen Vu Dat , Byun Doyoung , Ko Han Seo
Published: June 2010

An electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) jet from an electrostatic inkjet head shows advantages in printing microsize patterns because it can generate submicron droplets and can use highly viscous inks. Since the basic principle of the EHD jet is to form a droplet from the apex of a meniscus at the end of a nozzle, the stable ejection of the droplet greatly depends on the shape of the meniscus, which is affected by surface characteristics of the nozzle, electric potential, and ink properties. Hence, experiments have been performed using nozzles with hydrophobic and hydrophilic coatings to investigate the droplet ejection.
Adjustment of weak partial extraction data assuming metal ion adsorption: examples using bulk cyanide leach
Authors: Rate Andrew W. , Hamon Rebecca E. , Bettenay Leigh F. , Gilkes Robert J.
Published: June 2010

Geochemical analysis of soils using partial extractions, purported to detect only a fraction of elements mobilized during dispersion, represents a useful exploration tool. Interpretation of partial extraction data is, however, subject to uncertainty because the effects of changing soil or sediment properties on extraction are poorly defined. In particular, soil properties which are known to affect the retention of metal ions (e.g. clay content, organic carbon content, pH) may provide useful parameters against which to calculate adjusted total and partial assay values and thereby enhance anomaly contrast in geochemical exploration. Bulk cyanide leach (BCL), a commonly-used weak partial extraction technique, reduces the nugget effect for Au and can provide higher anomaly contrast than total elemental analyses. For a range of elements (Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pd and Zn), we conducted BCL determinations, measured the same elements by NAA, XRF or aqua regia digest, and determined a range of soil chemical properties for traverses at 10 exploration prospects in Australia and Namibia. Raw total and BCL data were compared with (i) concentration : soil parameter ratios, and (ii) adjusted BCL values based on a simple model of trace element speciation in soils. Anomaly contrasts for raw and normalized or adjusted data were compared using an estimate of anomalism based on both quantitative and heuristic criteria. At prospects with soils containing detectable carbonate, normalization of total and BCL assays to carbonate content significantly improved multi-element anomaly contrast. Normalization to amorphous Fe or Mn oxide content, or total Al, K or Mg also significantly improved anomaly contrast at fewer prospects. Adjusting BCL values using a simple adsorption model also showed limited success in improving anomaly contrast, and represents a useful framework for interpreting weak partial extraction data.

Supplementary material:
Data tables relating to study are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18409.
Sentinel Node Biopsy for High-Risk Cutaneous Nonanogenital Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Result
Authors: Rastrelli M. , Soteldo J. , Zonta M. , Trifirò G. , Mazzarol G. , Vitali G.C. , Mosconi M. , Testori A.
Published: June 2010

Background: Certain patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have much higher rates of regional nodal metastases than is often reported. This study aims to further validate sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) for SCC and the outcome of these patients following SNB. Methods: 20 patients with high-risk nonanogenital SCC who underwent SNB between 1998 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. SNB was performed under local or general anesthesia following lymphoscintigraphy and blue dye injection. Results: The median follow-up from SNB was 24 months. Tumor location included the head and neck (n = 11), extremities (n = 9) and trunk (n = 1). One patient had a positive sentinel node. This patient developed parotid metastases 13 months after refusing a complete neck dissection and is alive with progressive disease after 31 months. Two patients developed regional recurrence after negative SNB (1 is alive and disease free, the other died of progressive disease). Of the remaining patients, 15 are alive and disease free, 1 died of another malignancy and 1 was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: SNB for high-risk SCC is feasible and allows early detection and treatment of nodal metastases. Currently, SNB for SCC is not a standard treatment and requires further investigation to determine which patients would benefit best from this procedure.
Indomethacin Corrects Alterations Associated with Ischemia/Reperfusion in an in vitro Proximal Tubular Model
Authors: Sauvant C. , Schneider R. , Holzinger H. , Renker S. , Wanner C. , Gekle M.
Published: June 2010

Background/Aims: Recent in vivo data indicate that indomethacin improves renal outcome after ischemia via improvement of renal cell survival and function. To examine direct effects of indomethacin on isolated proximal tubular cells, we investigated the influence of indomethacin on markers of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in an established in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: Ischemia was applied for 2 h followed by reperfusion for up to 48 h. Indomethacin was added at the beginning of reperfusion. Parameters were investigated after 6, 24 or 48 h of reperfusion. Results: Indomethacin diminished cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, release of prostaglandin E2, induction of I/R-induced protein, dedifferentiation or induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, indomethacin totally prevented the ischemia-induced inhibition of basolateral organic anion transport. Indomethacin did not affect ischemia-mediated induction of nuclear factor-ĸB or monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Ischemia did not induce matrix protein synthesis. Conclusions: We have shown that: (a) indomethacin applied after ischemia has a beneficial effect on proximal tubule cell survival after model ischemia and impairs changes of parameters characteristically induced by ischemia via direct action on proximal tubule cells; (b) the inflammatory response of proximal tubule cells was not affected by indomethacin, and (c) fibrosis does not take place after model ischemia in isolated proximal tubule cells.
Clarithromycin Use and Risk of Death in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Andersen Søren Skøtt , Hansen Morten Lock , Norgaard Mette Lykke , Folke Fredrik , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup , Abildstrøm Steen Z. , Raunsø Jakob , Madsen Mette , Køber Lars , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp-Pedersen Christian
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To examine whether treatment with clarithromycin was associated with an increased risk of death in patients with preexisting ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: Employing nationwide registers, all patients with IHD events from 1997 to 2007 who subsequently claimed prescriptions for dual antibiotic treatment for eradication treatment were identified. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results: The study included 214,330 individuals with IHD; 5,265 (2.5 %) of these claimed prescriptions for dual antibiotics. Compared with IHD patients not undergoing eradication therapy, no increase in the risk of all-cause mortality was demonstrated (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.84–1.23, p = 0.87) after 5 years. Conclusions: The use of clarithromycin in the setting of eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori in patients with IHD was not associated with an increased risk of death.
Absorbing Information about a Child’s Incurable Cancer
Authors: Lannen Patrizia , Wolfe Joanne , Mack Jennifer , Onelov Erik , Nyberg Ullakarin , Kreicbergs Ulrika
Published: June 2010

Purpose: To assess parents’ ability to absorb information that their child’s cancer was incurable and to identify factors associated with parents’ ability to absorb this information. Patients and Methods: An anonymous mail-in questionnaire study was performed as a population-based investigation in Sweden between August and October of 2001. 449 parents who lost a child to cancer 4–9 years earlier (response rate 80%) completed the survey. 191 (43%) of the bereaved parents were fathers and 251 (56%) were mothers. Results: Sixty percent of parents (n = 258) reported that they were able to absorb the information that their child’s illness was incurable. Parents were better able to absorb this information when the information was given in an appropriate manner (RR 1.6; CI 1.3–2.0), when they shared their problems with others during the child’s illness course (RR 1.4; CI 1.1–1.8) and when they had no history of depression (RR 1.3; CI 1.0–1.8). Parents who reported that they were able to absorb the information were more likely to have expressed their farewells to the child in their desired manner (RR 1.3; CI 1.0–1.5). Conclusions: Parents who received information that their child’s illness was incurable in an appropriate manner are more likely to absorb that information. Whether or not parents are able to absorb the information that their child’s cancer is incurable has implications in terms of preparation for the child’s impending death.
Exegetical Idealization: Hermann Cohen’s Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Maimonides
Authors: Diamond James A.
Published: June 2010

While Maimonides reread his sources to reconcile biblical and rabbinic texts with the demands of reason, Hermann Cohen, in his construction of a “religion of reason,” rereads Maimonides’ rereadings of those very same texts. Maimonides’ Judaism often bridges the sources toward Cohen’s religion of reason by providing a philological anchor that nudges a term or verse now viewed through a more modern historical and evolutionary lens toward its ultimate reason-infused meaning. This paper will explore a hitherto neglected feature of their oeuvres that unites Maimonides and Cohen as much as it distinguishes them: the “Jewishness” shared by both, as evident in the most Jewish of all exercises that suffuses both their works, biblical and midrashic exegesis. Their exegetical nets are systematically cast widely throughout the breadth of the Hebrew Bible, but more often than not they offer highly discrepant readings of the same passage or prooftext. Cohen’s referencing of many of the same sources appeals to their Maimonidean rationalist refurbishment, but at the same time often places them in combative discourse in order to subvert and reorient Maimonides’ exegesis. The notions of divine names, the “image” (tselem) of God, “nearness” to God, and divine “glory” (kavod) are closely examined to demonstrate this intertextual relationship between these two seminal Jewish thinkers. While Cohen may be misreading Maimonides’ rereading of scripture, he remains a true hermeneutical disciple in his exegetical restructuring and realignment of scripture. Cohen’s programmatic exegetical idealization of Maimonidean prooftexts to reconstruct a new Kantianized God forms a common ground of discourse with Maimonides that traverses seven centuries of a quintessential Jewish enterprise.