bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projeto de extensão: resgatando sorrisos
Authors: Gonçalves Junior Fernando dos Santos , Souza Lizete Karla Filgueiras de , Pascoal Bruno Albuquerque , Vasconcelos Consuelo Andrade , Silva Daniele Falcão da , Bacelar Erika , Figueira Gabriele Aquino , Chavarré Gabriel , Stone Pedro Henrique Travassos , Ribeiro Thalita Rafaela Gonçalves , Simas Yara Gomes Brasil
Published: October 2024

The article addresses restorative and aesthetic dentistry, highlighting the importance of adhesion of materials to mineralized dental tissues. The philosophy of minimally invasive restorative treatment is based on principles of prevention and maximum preservation, with minimal intervention in dental structures. Dental aesthetics are subjective, influenced by several factors, and despite advances in aesthetic materials, the need for clinical evaluations on the behavior of composite resin restorations is increasing. In the Brazilian context, where the provision of government dental treatment is limited, perceived need becomes an important predictor of the use of dental services. There is a significant demand for restorative dentistry procedures, often performed by undergraduate and postgraduate students. The article highlights the creation of an Orthodontics Extension Project to deal with repressed demand, although new activities are necessary. It is concluded that initiatives such as extension projects are essential to mitigate the lack of care for the population and prepare academics for clinical practices in restorative dentistry.
Projeto de extensão: periodontia contemporânea
Authors: Melo Luciana Aleixo dos Santos de , Moya Jorge Alberto Carrazana , Abda Sakamoto Pinheiro  , Amanda Flores Mukai da Silva  , Claudia Kelly Dolzany Coelho Filha  , Gabriel Guimarães Chavaré  , Gabrielle de Aquino Figueira  , Jairo Gatto Júnior  , Janderson Silva Costa  , Maria Eduarda Dias Tavares  , Maria Fernanda Correa  , Rayssa Nalanda Mateus Silva  , Rosinele Rebelo dos Anjos  , Yasmin da Costa Farias
Published: October 2024

The "Contemporary Periodontics" project, held weekly at Faculdade do Amazonas - IAES, stands out as a crucial initiative to address the need for treatment of various periodontal pathologies, which represents a public health challenge. These extension actions play a significant role in mitigating the lack of care for the population, at the same time that they provide students with essential clinical experience for the diagnosis and monitoring of different forms of treatment studied in the literature, covering both conventional and advances in contemporary periodontics. In this way, the project not only contributes to the promotion of oral health, but also prepares students to face clinical challenges and strengthens the connection between academia and the needs of the community.
Projeto de extensão crescer sorrindo: integrando promoção da saúde bucal, cidadania e emocional: Escola Municipal Maria Rufina de Almeida
Authors: Rocha Márcia Lopes , Jesus Sidinéia Feitoza de , Avelino Andrés , Silva Andressa , Silva Annalú , Helena Cidália , Dolzany Claudia Kelly , Pereira Debora Esthefany , Oliveira Érika , Diógenes Giuliana , Leocádio Janayna , Ramos Karine , Tavares Maria Eduarda , Rebelo Rosinele , Almeida Valeska
Published: October 2024

O projeto de extensão intitulado Projeto Crescer Sorrindo Integrando Promoção da Saúde Bucal, Cidadania e emocional- Escola Municipal Maria Rufina de Almeida, conta com a participação de docentes e acadêmicos do curso de odontologia da Faculdade do Amazonas-IAES. Sendo desenvolvido por meio da aplicação da metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa
Tratamento endodôntico em dentes decíduos associado à reabilitação oral estética e funcional: relato de caso
Authors: Cunha Adriele Ormond Gomes da , Melo Diana Fernandes de , Pereira Natália Stefany da Silva , Silva Jefter Haad Ruiz da , Melo Luciana Aleixo dos Santos de , Gonçalves Junior Fernando dos Santos , Ferreira Guilherme Motta Antunes , Smith Camila Valente
Published: October 2024

Pediatric dentistry is an area within dentistry dedicated to oral health care for babies, children and even teenagers. The main focus of this specialty, as well as the focus of this work, is to promote awareness about the importance of creating healthy habits for children and maintaining the deciduous tooth in the alveolus until it is naturally replaced by permanent teeth. Endodontic treatment is usually proposed for two main causes: caries and dental trauma, which is very common in early childhood. The objective of this work was to carry out an endodontic treatment in deciduous teeth (51 and 61) and subsequent aesthetic rehabilitation of elements 51, 61, 52, 62 with composite resin. It can be concluded that the rehabilitation of the anterior deciduous teeth was extremely important from the aesthetic, functional and psychological point of view of the child. The use of maneuvers such as endodontics in deciduous teeth as well as the association of restorations with composite resins became a viable alternative in this clinical case, allowing the reestablishment of form, function and aesthetics.
Projeto de extensão: biossegurança em foco
Authors: Elias Vanessa Valente , Figueira Beatriz Lima , Figueira Gabrielle de Aquino
Published: October 2024

O projeto se desenvolveu no período de Maio à Junho de 2022, na Faculdade do Amazonas/IAES e no meio externo. Os alunos inscritos juntamente com a Coordenadora do projeto, fizeram orientações, confecção de vídeos educativos, divulgação de informativos relativos a Biossegurança aos acadêmicos das disciplinas clínicas e teóricas. Foi realizada também, orientações aos pacientes e comunidade em geral, por meio de divulgação externa com distribuição de folders e panfletos contendo conteúdos importantes como higienização das mãos, vacinas, Covid-19, doação de sangue, métodos de prevenção, controle de infecção, dentre outros. Nas mídias sociais (WhatsApp, Instagram e Facebook) foram feitas divulgações de vídeos educativos e folders digitais com o objetivo de alcançar um grande número de pessoas.
Saúde ilustrada: o ponto de encontro entre as artes e as ciências da saúde
Authors: Smith Camila , Silva Jefter Haad Ruiz da , Santana Yargilla Oliveira , Santos Martha Inês Oliveira dos , Souza Ana Karolyne Ribeiro de
Published: October 2024

Educação em saúde consiste em um processo educativo de construção de conhecimentos em saúde que contribui para aumentar a autonomia das pessoas no seu cuidado e no debate com os profissionais e os gestores a fim de alcançar uma atenção de saúde de acordo com suas necessidades. Onde devem ser utilizadas promoção de um crescimento e desenvolvimento saudável, ancoradas na educação em saúde, capaz de proporcionar a participação do indivíduo em grupos, favorecer a autonomia, transformar a realidade social e política e torná-lo capaz de emponderá-lo sobre sua própria saúde. A prática de educação em saúde agrega valor não somente ao público de interesse, mas também a quem o pratica, uma vez que contribui para sua formação profissional e sua cidadania. Assim, este relato de experiência se propõe a contemplar percepções criadas a partir da implantação de um projeto de extensão que integra a arte e o ensino em saúde e suas influências no processo ensino-aprendizagem e formação cidadã.
Den økonomiske Situation i de vigtigste Lande
Authors: Instituttet for Historie og Samfundsøkonomi
Published: October 2024

Kulstrejken lagde fra Maj 1926 til henimod Aarets Slutning sin klamme Haand over Englands Erhvervsliv. Den medførte store Forandringer paa mange Omraader.
Verdenspolitik
Authors: Instituttet for Historie og Samfundsøkonomi
Published: October 2024

I det forløbne Kvartal faldt Folkeforbundets 44. Raadsmøde, fra den 7. til den 12. Marts.
Phase field simulation of intra/intergranular pore morphology evolution in neutron-irradiated austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Cheng Da-Zhao , Liu Cai-Yan , Zhang Chao-Ran , Qu Jia-Hui , Zhang Jing ,   State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Published: October 2024

Intergranular or intragranular anisotropic pores can be easily observed in the FCC structure of nuclear reactor core structural materials, such as austenitic stainless steel or nickel-based alloys. Austenitic stainless steel contains a certain amount of nickel (Ni), and Ni undergoes transmutation reaction under neutron irradiation to produce helium. Helium combines with vacancy and continuously absorbs more helium and vacancy, evolving into under pressure pores filled with a small amount of helium. The morphology of pores is influenced by both the surface anisotropy of the crystal and grain boundary characteristic because pore nucleation predominantly occurs at grain boundary. The swelling effect caused by pores and the embrittlement effect of high temperature helium are related to the morphology, size and distribution of pores. The phase field method can couple multiple physical fields and accurately describe the effects of material microscopic defects on pores. In this study, we use the phase field method to simulate the evolution and morphology of pores, establishing a free energy functional coupling between crystal plane anisotropy and pore-grain boundary interactions. Our results demonstrate that helium gas induces pore nucleation, with higher concentrations leading to shorter incubation period, faster nucleation rate, and greater growth rate. Grain boundaries act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for helium pores, leading to the formation of pores along these boundaries and high-density diffusion pores within the grains. The intragranular pores exhibit anisotropic characteristics regulated by interfacial energy’s anisotropic modulus, the strength of the anisotropy, and crystal orientation. The high-density intergranular pores interact with each other significantly and are influenced by grain boundaries, while the anisotropic morphology is negligible. Additionally, it has been observed that the pores located in the middle of grain boundaries tend to become an elliptical. The stress inside the pores that contain a small amount of helium gas is negative, which is lower than the value in the matrix. These findings presented herein align well with experimental results, which inspires the prediction of service life of core components and the design of core materials.
Synapse weakening-induced caspase-3 activity confers specificity to microglia-mediated synapse elimination
Authors: Yu Zhou , Gutu Andrian , Kim Namsoo , O’Shea Erin K
Published: October 2024

During brain development, synapses are initially formed in excess and are later eliminated in an activity-dependent manner, with weak synapses being preferentially removed. Previous studies identified glia as mediators of synapse removal, but it is unclear how glia specifically target weak synapses. Here we show that, in the developing mouse visual pathway, inhibiting synaptic transmission induces postsynaptic activation of caspase-3. Caspase-3 is essential for synapse elimination driven by both spontaneous and experience-dependent neural activity. Synapse weakening-induced caspase-3 activation determines the specificity of synapse elimination mediated by microglia but not astrocytes. Furthermore, in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, caspase-3 deficiency protects against synapse loss induced by amyloid-β deposition. Our results reveal caspase-3 activation as a key step in activity-dependent synapse elimination during development and synapse loss in neurodegeneration.
Inhibition of the Notch signal transducer CSL by Pkc53E-mediated phosphorylation to fend off parasitic immune challenge in Drosophila
Authors: Deichsel Sebastian , Frankenreiter Lisa , Fechner Johannes , Gahr Bernd M , Zimmermann Mirjam , Mastel Helena , Preis Irina , Preiss Anette , Nagel Anja C
Published: October 2024

Notch signalling activity regulates hematopoiesis in
Drosophila
and vertebrates alike. Parasitoid wasp infestation of
Drosophila
larvae, however, requires a timely downregulation of Notch activity to allow the formation of encapsulation-active blood cells. Here we show that the
Drosophila
CSL transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] is phosphorylated at Serine 269 in response to parasitoid wasp infestation. As this phosphorylation interferes with the DNA-binding of Su(H), it reversibly precludes its activity. Accordingly, phospho-deficient

Su(H)
S269A

mutants are immune compromised. A screen for kinases involved in Su(H) phosphorylation identified Pkc53E, required for normal hematopoiesis as well as for parasitoid immune response. Genetic and molecular interactions support the specificity of the Su(H)-Pkc53E relationship. Moreover, phorbol ester treatment inhibits Su(H) activity
in vivo
and in human cell culture. We conclude that Pkc53E targets Su(H) during parasitic wasp infestation, thereby remodeling the blood cell population required for wasp egg encapsulation.
Investigating the bacterial community of gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) in coastal areas of Tabuk region
Authors: Ghabban Hanaa , Albalawi Doha A. , Al-otaibi Amenah S. , Alshehri Dikhnah , Alenzi Asma Massad , Alatawy Marfat , Alatawi Hanan Ali , Alnagar Dalia Kamal , Bahieldin Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Mangrove vegetation, a threatened and unique inter-tidal ecosystem, harbours a complex and largely unexplored bacterial community crucial for nutrient cycling and the degradation of toxic pollutants in coastal areas. Despite its importance, the bacterial community composition of the gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) in the Red Sea coastal regions remains under-studied. This study aims to elucidate the structural and functional diversity of the microbiome in the bulk and rhizospheric soils associated with A. marina in the coastal areas of Ras Alshabaan-Umluj (Umluj) and Almunibrah-Al-Wajh (Al-Wajh) within the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia. Amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA was performed using the metagenomic DNAs from the bulk and rhizospheric soil samples from Umluj and Al-Wajh. A total of 6,876 OTUs were recovered from all samples, of which 1,857 OTUs were common to all locations while the total number of OTUs unique to Al-wajh was higher (3,011 OTUs) than the total number of OTUs observed (1,324 OTUs) at Umluj site. Based on diversity indices, overall bacterial diversity was comparatively higher in rhizospheric soil samples of both sites. Comparing the diversity indices for the rhizosphere samples from the two sites revealed that the diversity was much higher in the rhizosphere samples from Al-Wajh as compared to those from Umluj. The most dominant genera in rhizosphere sample of Al-Wajh were Geminicoccus and Thermodesulfovibrio while the same habitat of the Umluj site was dominated by Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Bacterial functional potential prediction analyses showed that bacteria from two locations have almost similar patterns of functional genes including amino acids and carbohydrates metabolisms, sulfate reduction and C-1 compound metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation. However, the rhizosphere samples of both sites harbour more genes involved in the utilization and assimilation of C-1 compounds. Our results reveal that bacterial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere of A. marina differed significantly from those in the bulk soil, suggesting a possible role of A. marina roots in shaping these bacterial communities. Additionally, not only vegetation but also geographical location appears to influence the overall bacterial composition at the two sites.
Splenic Lymphoma: A Series of Seven Cases
Authors: Baveja Avriti , Batra Ankit , Kala Mansi , Kaushik Reshma , Chandra Smita , Verma Sanjeev Kumar
Published: October 2024

Splenic Lymphoma (SL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by involvement of the spleen, with or without bone marrow involvement. However, advancements in imaging modalities have led to more frequent diagnosis of isolated splenic lesions. There is always a dilemma in diagnosis as to whether the pathology truly originates from the spleen or if it is part of systemic involvement in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Clinical manifestations vary widely, and treatment outcomes for SL depend on accurate diagnosis. However, prognosis still remains poor in these cases compared to systemic NHL. The present case series provide a comprehensive overview of patients diagnosed with SL, focusing on their clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic details, prognosis and outcomes. Previously isolated case reports have been published, and there is still a lack of consensus on the management of this entity. The present case series included seven cases over a two-year period, from January 2022 to December 2023. In the current case series, authors have highlighted the heterogeneity and variability in the presentation of SL and how the clinical behaviour ranges from indolent to highly aggressive. Nevertheless, the presenting clinical, laboratory and pathological features of these diseases often display significant overlaps and pose confusion in arriving at an exact diagnosis. The authors emphasise how flow cytometry helps facilitate the diagnosis and systemic therapy is the modality of choice for treatment decided based on the histology type; however, outcomes still remain dismal, highlighting the unmet need to improve accurate diagnosis and explore newer treatment options. The novelty in this series lies in the detailed analysis and comparison of different subtypes of SL, a rare group of lymphomas primarily originating in the spleen. The present case series discusses the latest World Health Organisation (WHO) classification, which redefines the Hairy Cell Leukaemia (HCL) variant as Splenic B-cell Leukaemia/ Lymphoma with Prominent Nucleoli (SBLPN). Detailed molecular and genetic characteristics of various SLs are highlighted, such as the presence of the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) p.V600E mutation in HCL, Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAP2K1) and Immunoglobulin Heavy Variable 4-34 (IGHV4-34) mutations in the HCL-variant, and 7q distortion in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma (SMZL). Emphasis is placed on the individualised treatment approach based on specific patient profiles, genetic markers and disease characteristics. The study underscores the need for further research and clinical trials to validate emerging therapies, such as the use of Rituximab plus Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine (R-ABVD) in Hodgkin lymphoma and combinations of novel agents in aggressive SLs like HCL-variant and CD20-negative B-cell NHL.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Gender Representation in a Cameroonian ESL Textbook
Authors: Fornkwa Marcel Jaff
Published: October 2024

This paper examines a Cameroonian ESL textbook – Mastering English: Student’s Book for Form 1, with the aim of investigating gender representation in this textbook. The study employed a document analysis design because data for the study was collected exclusively from the textbook. Data was collected by observing the images and by reading through the passages, dialogues and sentences in the textbook, and noting the various representations of the male and female genders. The study adopted the Critical Discourse Analysis approach to analyse data related to visibility, occupational roles and firstness in presentation in order to unveil the inequalities and power imbalance between the representation of the male and female genders in the textbook. The findings revealed that the male gender is given more visibility above the female in terms of pictorial and lexical representations. Besides, more occupational roles are assigned to males than to females in the textbook. Males equally dominate the first position in dialogues, common noun, proper noun and pronoun pairs. The study concludes that the dominance of the male over the female gender observed in the textbook is a replication of the gender imbalance that exists in the Cameroonian society. This study therefore brings to the limelight these gender imbalances in Cameroonian textbooks, and recommends that curriculum developers should always endeavour to strike a balance between the representation of the male and the female genders when designing educational materials.
Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.): Exploring its Health Benefits and Medicinal Properties
Authors: Gautam Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Vishvajeet , Singh Sachin Kumar , Tiwari Pratik , S Prabakaran , Verma Sameer , Tripathy Shivangi , Luthra Suraj , Chawla Ritik
Published: October 2024

Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.), a tropical fruit known for its sweet and creamy pulp, has been traditionally valued for its taste, health benefits, and medicinal properties. Rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, custard apple significantly enhance immune function, improve digestion, and promotes cardiovascular health. The fruit exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, Primarly attributed to its bioactive compounds such as acetogenins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Additionally, it has been used in traditional medicine to treat conditions like dysentery, diarrhea, and respiratory issues. The present review delves into the nutritional profile, phytochemical composition, and therapeutic potential of custard apples, emphasising their significance in contemporary healthcare and the need for additional research in the fields of pharmacology and nutraceuticals.
Quantification of the Antiradical Potential and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Stem and Root Barks of Cassia sieberiana: A Plant Used in Traditional Medicine
Authors: Hyacinthe Ouattara Logopho , Dezay Yoro Thierry , Rosine Atsain-Allangba Marie , Brahima Traoré , Audrey N’guessan Patrick , Cédric Sima Obiang , Doumadé Zon , Claude Kablan Ahmont Landry
Published: October 2024

Aims: The general objective of this study was to justify or invalidate the use of C. sieberiana stems and roots as natural antibiotics and antioxidants capable of treating traditional pathologies.
Methodology: Specifically, extractions were first carried out with water, ethanol and the binary water/ethanol mixture from stem and root bark powders. The various extracts obtained were then used to assess antioxidant activity by spectrophotometry and antibacterial activity by the solid-state diffusion and liquid-state dilution methods.
Results: The yields of the different extractions gave values ranging from 17.02±0.79 to 27.05±0.40 %. Antioxidant activity shows that the stems and roots of C. sieberiana contain a notable antioxidant profile. However, the antioxidant activity of the stems can be considered slightly better than that of the roots. The antibacterial activity assessed showed that C. sieberiana stem and root extracts were active against the Staphylococcus aureus strains tested. The stem extracts were absolutely bactericidal, while the root extracts were bacteriostatic. However, stem extracts were more effective than root extracts.
Conclusion: We can conclude that both organs of C. sieberiana, but more strongly the stems, could be used to treat bacterial infections and diseases linked to oxidative stress.
Status of Hemato-biochemical Parameters in Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Affected Cats
Authors: Khan Zarka Naseer , Grewal Jasmine , Parray Oveas Raffiq , Haq Rather Izhar Ul , Dar Shahid Hussain , Muhee Amatul , Bhat Riyaz Ahmad , Aijaz Raja , Bhat Gh. Rasool , Yatoo Mohd. Iqbal
Published: October 2024

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a serious viral disease of cats that usually results in death. There is derangement of vitals in cats due to FIP including clinical and hemato-biochemical parameters. This study reports same findings in a group of six cats (3 Persian, 2 mixed breed, 1 nondescript) affected with FIP. Cats were diagnosed on clinical signs, FIP rapid test, Rivalta test, USG and X-ray. Ground glass appearance of abdomen on X-ray, hyperechogenicity of liver and loss of renal/cortical texture on ultrasonography (USG) was noted. Among the liver function tests, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased to 76.2400±4.35373 and 58.6333±13.75860 IU/L, respectively. Kidney function tests including bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were raised 3.533±0.4601, 62.5000±2.45967 and 2.8833±0.48402 mg/dl, respectively. Hematological values including haemoglobin (Hb) (10.4500±0.76714), red blood cell count (RBC) (7.4400±0.78636), packed cell volume (PCV) (26.7667±3.59042), white blood cell count (WBC) (18.2850±2.72594 103/μl), granulocytes (15.3167±2.84762%), lymphocytes (1.7000±0.34351%) and platelets (310.8333±75.50074) showed derangement. This study establishes baseline data for FIP cases in this region and can serve as a basis of prognosis of FIP based on clinical and hematobiochemical parameters.
Impact of Fertilization on Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Napier Varieties in Southern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Ysulat Rayan I. , Migalbin Josephine R. , Torres Ritchel O.
Published: October 2024

Aims: This study investigates the effects of fertilizer application on the growth performance, proximate composition, and chlorophyll content of three Napier grass varieties (King, Pakchong, and Juncao) in Southern Mindanao, Philippines.
Study Design: Utilizing a Randomized Complete Block Design with a 3x2 factorial arrangement.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was performed at the University of Southern Mindanao Animal Production Center facilities from January to March 2023.
Methodology: The three Napier grass varieties (King, Pakchong, and Juncao) was the first factor, and fertilizer application (with or without) were the second factor. Four blocks were prepared, each containing six plots, resulting in 24 plots. The fertilized plots received two applications of 150kg N/ha and 75kg N/ha of the recommended NPK fertilizer, respectively, while non-fertilized plots did not receive any fertilizer.
Results: Results showed that fertilizer application significantly improved herbage yield, with fertilized plants yielding 20.25 tons per hectare compared to 15.14 tons in non-fertilized plants. Pakchong exhibited the highest yield and crude fiber content, while Juncao grass showed higher crude protein content without fertilizer. Fertilization also increased ether extract content, with Pakchong displaying the greatest response. However, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) was higher in non-fertilized plants across all varieties, indicating a complex interaction between nutrient availability and carbohydrate allocation.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of targeted fertilizer management to optimize both growth and nutritional quality, depending on specific production goals. The differential responses among Napier varieties suggest the potential for variety-specific fertilization strategies, which can enhance forage quality and sustainability in livestock farming. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impacts of continuous fertilization and the underlying genetic mechanisms driving varietal differences.
The Role of Interventional Radiology in Patients Management during Sudan War 2023-2024: A Western Sudan Experience
Authors: Bahar Mustafa Elnour Hussein , Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim
Published: October 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the availability of interventional radiology services in Western Sudan from 2023 to 2024, during the Sudan War. This study aimed to evaluate the role of interventional radiology in the country's ongoing conflict.
Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study with a prospective component that was conducted at El-Obeid International Hospital in North Kordofan State, Sudan, in August and September 2024. All information on patients who had interventional radiology operations between August 15th, 2023 and August 15th, 2024 was obtained from the hospital.
Results: The findings revealed that 41% of the 131 patients received operations in the Interventional Radiology Clinic and 59% in the Catheterization Laboratory department. Among the 131 patients, 55% were men and 45% were women. The most common age group for undergoing IR treatments was 46-65 years, followed by ≥65 and 18-45 years, with incidence rates of 40%, 34%, and 25%, respectively. 41% of the procedures were performed in the interventional radiology clinic, with 59% performed in the catheterization laboratory. The most common technique was permacath implantation (36%).
Conclusion: The ongoing conflict between 2023 and 2024 aggravated the situation. As a result, our study discovered that the only IR facility in Western Sudan during this difficult time is based in El-Obeid and serves seven states. This was exemplified by a severe breakdown in the healthcare system, the loss of basic needs, great poverty, and the plight of the refugees.
Enhancing Agro Morphological Traits of three Unique Traditional Rice Landraces of Chhattisgarh through Gamma Ray-Irradiation
Authors: Thada Antra , Sahu Parmeshwar K. , Baghel Samrath , Patel Ravi Raj Singh , Khute Ishu Kumar , Chaudhary Prabha Rani , Burman Maumita , Das B.K. , Sharma Deepak , Ballal Anand , Sharma Deepak
Published: October 2024

Mutation breeding is a simple and effective technique for generating genetic variation within crops. Mutagens such as Gamma radiation induce changes in their DNA that could lead to the development of new traits, such as improved yield or disease resistance. In the present study, Gamma ray mutagenesis was performed on three traditional rice varieties  (Gudma dhan, Dawar dhan, and Lohandi dhan) to identify potentially beneficial mutants with desirable agro-morphological agricultural characteristics. The major constraints to address were their tall statures and weak culms, fewer panicles and tillers, and late maturity. Using a fixed dose of 300 Gy, 35 mutants were identified in Dawar dhan, 33 in Gudma dhan, and 21 in Lohandi dhan. The selected mutants showed an average reduction in plant height that ranged from 42.69% to 33.11%, as compared to their respective landraces. Also, a substantial reduction (ranging from 3.08%-10.55%) in days to 50% flowering was observed. Importantly, these mutants showed an increase in yield of 38.11% (Dawar dhan), 32.63% (Gudma dhan), and 7.0% (Lohandi dhan). These findings demonstrate the utility of mutation breeding through Gamma radiation in alleviating the key constraints inherent to traditional rice landraces.
Language and Literacy Education in Austria: Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Paudel Florentine , Prazak-Aram Barbara
Published: October 2024

This study examines the critical role of language and literacy in educational contexts, emphasizing their significance in human development and social inclusion. Drawing on a diverse range of literature and research, this study explores the interconnectedness of language acquisition, literacy development, and educational practices. Highlighting language and literacy as fundamental human rights, this study underscores the importance of inclusive and equitable education. Through qualitative methods, including online questionnaires (n=18) and interviews (n=8) with teachers, this study investigates the implementation of language and literacy education in Austrian primary schools as well as the challenges faced by educators in this domain. The findings reveal diverse teaching methodologies employed by teachers, ranging from shared book reading to digital tools, while also identifying obstacles, such as multilingualism, professional training deficiencies, and student engagement issues. The study’s findings strongly support the need for targeted interventions to improve educational outcomes. Specifically, the challenges identified—particularly multilingualism and training gaps—underscore the necessity of ongoing professional development tailored to teachers’ specific needs. Enhancing teacher training programs with a focus on multilingual pedagogy and culturally responsive teaching can directly address these obstacles. Furthermore, the findings suggest that improving student engagement requires innovative and adaptable teaching methodologies, such as integrating digital literacy tools more effectively into the curriculum.
Environmental Controls on Mg/Ca in Neogloboquadrina incompta: A Core‐Top Study From the Subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Morley Audrey , Babila Tali L. , Wright James , Ninnemann Ulysses , Kleiven Kikki , Irvali Nil , Rosenthal Yair
Published: November 2017

Magnesium/calcium paleothermometry is an established tool for reconstructing past surface and deep‐sea temperatures. However, our understanding of nonthermal environmental controls on the uptake of Mg into the calcitic lattice of foraminiferal tests remains limited. Here we present a combined analysis of multiple trace element/calcium ratios and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) geochemistry on the subpolar planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina incompta to assess the validity of Mg/Ca as a proxy for surface ocean temperature. We identify small size‐specific offsets in Mg/Ca and δ18Oc values for N. incompta that are consistent with depth habitat migration patterns throughout the life cycle of this species. Additionally, an assessment of nonthermal controls on Mg/Ca values reveals that (1) the presence of volcanic ash, (2) the addition of high‐Mg abiotic overgrowths, and (3) ambient seawater carbonate chemistry can have a significant impact on the Mg/Ca‐to‐temperature relationship. For carbonate‐ion concentrations of values > 200 μmol kg−1, we find that temperature exerts the dominant control on Mg/Ca values, while at values < 200 μmol kg−1 the carbonate‐ion concentration of seawater increases the uptake of Mg, thereby resulting in higher‐than‐expected Mg/Ca values at low temperatures. We propose two independent correction schemes to remove the effects of volcanic ash and carbonate‐ion concentration on Mg/Ca values in N. incompta within the calibration data set. Applying the corrections improves the fidelity of past ocean temperature reconstructions.
Sedimentary Mercury Enrichments as a Marker for Submarine Large Igneous Province Volcanism? Evidence From the Mid‐Cenomanian Event and Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (Late Cretaceous)
Authors: Scaife J. D. , Ruhl M. , Dickson A. J. , Mather T. A. , Jenkyns H. C. , Percival L. M. E. , Hesselbo S. P. , Cartwright J. , Eldrett J. S. , Bergman S. C. , Minisini D.
Published: November 2017

Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), during the Cenomanian‐Turonian transition (∼94 Ma), was the largest perturbation of the global carbon cycle in the mid‐Cretaceous and can be recognized by a positive carbon‐isotope excursion in sedimentary strata. Although OAE 2 has been linked to large‐scale volcanism, several large igneous provinces (LIPs) were active at this time (e.g., Caribbean, High Arctic, Madagascan, Ontong‐Java) and little clear evidence links OAE 2 to a specific LIP. The Mid‐Cenomanian Event (MCE, ∼96 Ma), identified by a small, 1‰ positive carbon‐isotope excursion, is often referred to as a prelude to OAE 2. However, no underlying cause has yet been demonstrated and its relationship to OAE 2 is poorly constrained. Here we report sedimentary mercury (Hg) concentration data from four sites, three from the southern margin of the Western Interior Seaway and one from Demerara Rise, in the equatorial proto‐North Atlantic Ocean. We find that, in both areas, increases in mercury concentrations and Hg/TOC ratios coincide with the MCE and the OAE 2. However, the increases found in these sites are of a lower magnitude than those found in records of many other Mesozoic events, possibly characteristic of a marine rather than atmospheric dispersal of mercury for both events. Combined, the new mercury data presented here are consistent with an initial magmatic pulse at the time of the MCE, with a second, greater pulse at the onset of OAE 2, possibly related to the emplacement of LIPs in the Pacific Ocean and/or the High Arctic.
Global Regolith Thermophysical Properties of the Moon From the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment
Authors: Hayne Paul O. , Bandfield Joshua L. , Siegler Matthew A. , Vasavada Ashwin R. , Ghent Rebecca R. , Williams Jean‐Pierre , Greenhagen Benjamin T. , Aharonson Oded , Elder Catherine M. , Lucey Paul G. , Paige David A.
Published: November 2017

We used infrared data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment to globally map thermophysical properties of the Moon's regolith fines layer. Thermal conductivity varies from 7.4 × 10−4 W m−1 K−1 at the surface to 3.4 × 10−3 W m−1 K−1 at depths of ~1 m, given density values of 1,100 kg m−3 at the surface to 1,800 kg m−3 at 1 m depth. On average, the scale height of these profiles is ~7 cm, corresponding to a thermal inertia of 55 ± 2 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2 at 273 K, relevant to the diurnally active near‐surface layer, ~4–7 cm. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and heat capacity leads to an ~2 times diurnal variation in thermal inertia at the equator. On global scales, the regolith fines are remarkably uniform, implying rapid homogenization by impact gardening of this layer on timescales <1 Gyr. Regional‐ and local‐scale variations show prominent impact features <1 Gyr old, including higher thermal inertia (> 100 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2) in the interiors and ejecta of Copernican‐aged impact craters and lower thermal inertia (< 50 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2) within the lunar cold spots identified by Bandfield et al. (2014). Observed trends in ejecta thermal inertia provide a potential tool for age dating craters of previously unknown age, complementary to the approach suggested by Ghent et al. (2014). Several anomalous regions are identified in the global 128 pixels per degree maps presented here, including a high‐thermal inertia deposit near the antipode of Tycho crater.
Exact Solutions of the Richards Equation With Nonlinear Plant‐Root Extraction
Authors: Broadbridge Philip , Daly Edoardo , Goard Joanna
Published: November 2017

The Richards equation, commonly used to model water flow in unsaturated soils, is highly nonlinear, thus making it very challenging to solve analytically for situations meaningful in practical applications. The inclusion of realistic forms of root‐water uptake rates in this equation adds complications in deriving exact solutions. This study provides for the first time analytical solutions of the Richards equation with a sink term nonlinearly dependent on soil water content. These solutions are applied to irrigation furrows, using Cartesian coordinates, and irrigation from a circular plate, in cylindrical coordinates.
Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of the Cavity Evolution in Gypsum Rock
Authors: Li Wei , Einstein Herbert H.
Published: November 2017

When water flows through a preexisting cylindrical tube in gypsum rock, the nonuniform dissolution alters the tube into an enlarged tapered tube. A 2‐D analytical model is developed to study the transport‐controlled dissolution in an enlarged tapered tube, with explicit consideration of the tapered geometry and induced radial flow. The analytical model shows that the Graetz solution can be extended to model dissolution in the tapered tube. An alternative form of the governing equations is proposed to take advantage of the invariant quantities in the Graetz solution to facilitate modeling cavity evolution in gypsum rock. A 2‐D finite volume model was developed to validate the extended Graetz solution. The time evolution of the transport‐controlled and the reaction‐controlled dissolution models for a single tube with time‐invariant flow rate are compared. This comparison shows that for time‐invariant flow rate, the reaction‐controlled dissolution model produces a positive feedback between the tube enlargement and dissolution, while the transport‐controlled dissolution does not.
Three‐Component Coupling Reactions of Maleimides, Thiols, and Amines: One‐Step Construction of 3,4‐Heteroatom‐functionalized Maleimides by Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Thioamination
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Hua , Tan Hong‐Ru , An Yu‐Long , Zhao Yu‐Wei , Lin Hao‐Peng , Zhao Sheng‐Yin
Published: November 2017

A copper‐catalyzed intermolecular thioamination of maleimides with thiols and amines has been developed. A diverse range of 3‐amino‐4‐thiomaleimides and 3,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐b][1,4]thiazine‐5,7(2H,6H)‐diones were obtained with good yields, involving C−N and C−S bond formations. This methodology is very practical and features high atom economy, excellent functional group tolerance.

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Results of a phase 1 study of quizartinib as maintenance therapy in subjects with acute myeloid leukemia in remission following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Sandmaier Brenda M. , Khaled Samer , Oran Betül , Gammon Guy , Trone Denise , Frankfurt Olga
Published: November 2017

FLT3‐ITD–mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has very high risk of relapse and is associated with poor outcome following allogeneic hematopoietic‐cell transplant (allo‐HCT). This two‐part, phase 1, multicenter, open‐label, sequential‐group, dose‐escalation study aimed to determine dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and safety/tolerability of quizartinib, a selective and highly potent FLT3 inhibitor, when administered as maintenance therapy after allo‐HCT. Thirteen subjects with documented FLT3‐ITD–mutated AML in morphological remission following allo‐HCT received one of two quizartinib dihydrochloride dose levels (DL): 40 mg/d (DL1; n = 7) and 60 mg/d (DL2; n = 6), administered orally in 28‐day cycles for up to 24 cycles. Median age of participants was 43 years. All subjects received human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched allo‐HCT. One subject treated at DL1 and 1 treated at DL2 had DLTs that required drug interruption (grade 3 gastric hemorrhage and grade 3 anemia, respectively). Ten subjects (77%) received quizartinib for >1 year; 5 (38%) completed 24 cycles. Four subjects (31%) discontinued quizartinib due to adverse events. One subject (8%) experienced relapse during cycle 1 and discontinued treatment. Most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (23%), anemia (15%), leukopenia (15%), lymphopenia (15%), and thrombocytopenia (15%). This study demonstrated acceptable tolerability and early evidence of reduced relapse rate following allo‐HCT with quizartinib maintenance compared to historical cohorts. No MTD was identified, but 60 mg daily was selected as highest dose for continuous daily administration based on randomized comparison of daily 30 and 60 mg doses in relapsed/refractory AML.
Perceptions of health and cancer risk among newly recruited firefighters in South Florida
Authors: Schaefer Solle Natasha , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Levy Rachel A. , Young BreAnn , Lee David , Harrison Tyler , Kobetz Erin
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Despite hazardous exposures to cancer‐causing agents in the line of duty, the main health and safety concerns of active firefighters have yet to be studied. We compare the perceptions of health and cancer risks between rookie and experienced firefighters.

Methods

Focus groups were used to investigate potential risk of job exposures, and broad‐based concerns regarding work and health. An 18‐item demographic survey was also administered. Five focus group sessions were conducted with a total of 57 firefighters.

Results

Our findings indicate that both rookie and experienced firefighters have a “high risk, high reward” mindset and identify injury, chronic disease, and stress as main health concerns. Experienced firefighters reported a shift in firefighter culture related to health.

Conclusion

The perception of health and cancer risk of rookie and experienced firefighters differ in the prioritization of their concerns, however both groups equally report occupational cancer risk as their main health concern.
Catalytic Oxidation of Alkynes into 1,2‐Diketone Derivatives by Using a PdII/Lewis‐Acid Catalyst
Authors: Xue Jing‐Wen , Zeng Miao , Hou Xianfei , Chen Zhuqi , Yin Guochuan
Published: November 2017

A new synthetic method has been developed for the efficient oxidation of alkynes into 1,2‐diketones by using a PdII/Lewis acid catalytic system using DMSO as the oxidant and solvent. Under our optimized reaction conditions, this approach tolerated a variety of functional groups and afforded 1,2‐diketone derivatives in 62–99 % yields. This work demonstrated that the addition of non‐redox‐active metal ions, such as AlIII, to Pd(OAc)2 could dramatically improve its catalytic efficiency for alkyne oxidation, whilst reactions with Pd(OAc)2 alone were sluggish and afforded a low yield of the corresponding diketone. Based on NMR and UV/Vis analysis, a heterobimetallic PdII/AlIII species was proposed for alkyne oxidation by adding AlCl3 to Pd(OAc)2 in DMSO. The catalytic efficiency of the PdII species was improved by the linkage of AlIII to the PdII species, which made the PdII species more electron deficient. This method may have the potential to become a simple, efficient procedure for the synthesis of 1,2‐diketone derivatives.
Investigating cranial morphological variation of early human skeletal remains from Chile: A 3D geometric morphometric approach
Authors: Kuzminsky Susan C. , Reyes Báez Omar , Arriaza Bernardo , Méndez César , Standen Vivien G. , San Román Manuel , Muñoz Iván , Durán Herrera Ángel , Hubbe Mark
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Archaeological and genetic research has demonstrated that the Pacific Coast was a key route in the early colonization of South America. Research examining South American skeletons >8000 cal BP has revealed differences in cranial morphology between early and late Holocene populations, which may reflect distinct migration events and/or populations. However, genetic, cultural, and some skeletal data contradict this model. Given these discrepancies, this study examines ∼9000 years of prehistory to test the hypothesis that Early skeletons have a distinct cranial morphology from later skeletons.

Materials and Methods

Using 3D digital models, craniofacial landmarks, and geometric morphometric analyses, we compared Early Holocene crania (n = 4) to later Chilean samples (n = 90) frequently absent in continental assessments of craniofacial variation. PCA, Mahalanobis distances, posterior and typicality probabilities were used to examine variation.

Results

Two of the earliest skeletons from northern Chile show clear affinities to individuals from later sites in the same region. However, the hypothesis cannot be rejected as one Early individual from northern Chile and one individual from inland Patagonia did not always show clear affinities to coastal populations.

Discussion

Biological affinities among northern populations and other regions of Chile align with genetic and archaeological data, supporting cultural and biological continuity along the Pacific Coast. In Patagonia, archaeological data are in accordance with skeletal differences between the Early inland steppe individual and coastal populations. This study incorporates 3D methods and skeletal datasets not widely used in assessments of biological affinity, thus contributing to a critical body of research examining the ancient population history of western South America.
Adsorption‐Induced Structural Phase Transformation in Nanopores
Authors: Kuchta Bogdan , Dundar Ege , Formalik Filip , Llewellyn Philip L. , Firlej Lucyna
Published: November 2017

We report a new type of structural transformation occurring in methane adsorbed in micropores. The observed methane structures are defined by probability distributions of molecular positions. The mechanism of the transformation has been modeled using Monte Carlo method. The transformation is totally determined by a reconstruction of the probability distribution functions of adsorbed molecules. The methane molecules have some freedom to move in the pore but most of the time they are confined to the positions around the high probability adsorption sites. The observed high‐probability structures evolve as a function of temperature and pressure. The transformation is strongly discontinuous at low temperature and becomes continuous at high temperature. The mechanism of the transformation is influenced by a competition between different components of the interaction and the thermal energy. The methane structure represents a new state of matter, intermediate between solid and liquid.