bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide Composition of Human Ig Nontemplated Regions Depends on Trimming of the Flanking Gene Segments, and Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Favors Adding Cytosine, Not Guanosine, in Most VDJ Rearrangements
Authors: Funck Tina , Barnkob Mike Bogetofte , Holm Nanna , Ohm-Laursen Line , Mehlum Camilla Slot , Möller Sören , Barington Torben
Published: August 2018

The formation of nontemplated (N) regions during Ig gene rearrangement is a major contributor to Ab diversity. To gain insights into the mechanisms behind this, we studied the nucleotide composition of N regions within 29,962 unique human VHDJH rearrangements and 8728 unique human DJH rearrangements containing exactly one identifiable D gene segment and thus two N regions, N1 and N2. We found a distinct decreasing content of cytosine (C) and increasing content of guanine (G) across each N region, suggesting that N regions are typically generated by concatenation of two 3′ overhangs synthesized by addition of nucleoside triphosphates with a preference for dCTP. This challenges the general assumption that the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase favors dGTP in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the G and C gradients depended strongly on whether the germline gene segments were trimmed or not. Our data show that C-enriched N addition preferentially happens at trimmed 3′ ends of VH, D, and JH gene segments, indicating a dependency of the transferase mechanism upon the nuclease mechanism.
Historical development of three man-made reservoirs in a mining region: A story told by subfossil chironomids
Authors: Chamutiová Tímea , Hamerlík Ladislav , Szarlowicz Katarzyna , Pipík Radovan , Starek Dušan , Šporka Ferdinand , Přidalová Marcela , Sochuliaková Lucia , Bitušík Peter
Published: August 2018

Chironomid stratigraphic changes were studied in three man-made reservoirs situated in a region intensely used for mining in the past (Banska Stiavnica, Central Europe) The reservoirs were built in the first half of the 18th century and are remnants of a former hydro-energetic system that provided water for operating mining and smelting facilities until the 1920s. The dated sequence of sediment cores span the last 170–200 years, however the oldest sediments were not identified. A total of 58 taxa were recorded with the most common taxa being Cladotanytarsus mancus-type, Polypedilum nubeculosum-type, Procladius spp. and Tanytarsus spp. Changes in the subfossil assemblages suggest that all reservoirs followed similar developmental trends. The low number of chironomid remains and the prevalence of littoral and rheophilic taxa characterize the initial phase of reservoirs connected with severe water level fluctuations and unproductive conditions. A dramatic shift in both qualitative and quantitative structure of the chironomid assemblages correspond to the documented decline of mining activities in the region. The second period of the reservoir development is also connected to changes in sediment composition and an increase of sediment organic content. In this phase, chironomids indicate nutrient enrichment, developed profundal zone with oxygen depletion and a complexity of littoral habitats. Since the 1970s, changes in the assemblage structure indicate the reduction of the profundal fauna and increasing importance of littoral taxa. Despite the significantly different usage of the reservoirs after the mining phase (recreation and angling vs drinking water supply) the chironomid succession trajectories were fairly similar.
Metacognitive awareness and visualisation in the imagination: The case of the invisible circles
Authors: Jagals Divan , Van der Walt Martha
Published: August 2018

Awareness of one’s own strengths and weaknesses during visualisation is often initiated by the imagination – the faculty for intuitively visualising and modelling an object. Towards exploring the role of metacognitive awareness and imagination in facilitating visualisation in solving a mathematics task, four secondary schools in the North West province of South Africa were selected for instrumental case studies. Understanding how mathematical objects are modelled in the mind may explain the transfer of the mathematical ideas between metacognitive awareness and the rigour of the imaginer’s mental images. From each school, a top achiever in mathematics was invited to an individual interview (n = 4) and was video-recorded while solving a mathematics word problem. Participants also had to identify metacognitive statements from a sample of statement cards (n = 15) which provided them the necessary vocabulary to express their thinking during the interview. During their attempts, participants were asked questions about what they were thinking, what they did and why they did what they had done. Analysis with a priori coding suggests the three types of imagination consistent with the metacognitive awareness and visualisation include initiating, conceiving and transformative imaginations. These results indicate the tenets by which metacognitive awareness and visualisation are conceptually related with the imagination as a faculty of self-directedness. Based on these findings, a renewed understanding of the role of metacognition and imagination in mathematics tasks is revealed and discussed in terms of the tenets of metacognitive awareness and imagination. These tenets advance the rational debate about mathematics to promote a more imaginative mathematics.
Use of Library Resources in Private Secondary Schools in Esan North East Local Government Area, Edo State
Authors: Solomon Anthony Oboite
Published: August 2018

The content of this article was incorrect, this was amended on 10 August 2018. This research work x-rayed the use of library resources in secondary schools in Esan North East Local Government Area of Edo State. The research instrument was the questionnaire; and 195 copies of it were administered, while 190 were retrieved and analyzed. Having adopted the descriptive survey research method, the research found out that the library resources available in the secondary school libraries are monographs (textbooks), dictionaries, atlases, magazines newspapers, CD-ROM, audio-visuals and fictions (storybooks, novels, cartoons); of the available library resources, those mainly used by students are monographs (textbooks), dictionaries, newspapers, atlases. Also the research found out that improvement in academic performance, life-long learning skills, information seeking skills, self-study skills are some of  the effects the use of school libraries has on the students. The research recommended that school students should be enlightened on the importance of the library, and the organized private sector should partner with schools to sponsor library projects as part of their corporate social responsibilities.Keywords: Library resources, Secondary schools, Use of library, School library
Staff development programmes and job satisfaction among library staff of higher institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Tumba Patrick , Temboge Andrew
Published: August 2018

The study investigated the relationship between staff development programmes and job satisfaction among staff of higher institutions of learning in Adamawa state, with particular reference to Polytechnics, Monotechnics, and Colleges of Education Libraries in Adamawa state. The target population was 105 library staff which consisted of professionals, paraprofessionals, and the supportive staff of these libraries. The entire population was used as sample. One research question and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A research-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages scores to answer research questions, while Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) was used to test the hypotheses with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). Results obtained revealed that, the level of job satisfaction among staff in the selected academic libraries is very low, and there is no significant relationship between in-service training, informal training, and job satisfaction among the staff. Therefore, in-service training and informal training are not basis for job satisfaction among staff. The work recommends that, consideration be given to other components that facilitate satisfaction such as the work itself, monetary compensation for services rendered, suitable working environment and good supervisor-subordinate working relationship.Keywords: In-service training Informal training, Job Satisfaction, Staff Development
Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Self-Efficacy in People With Multiple Sclerosis: The Community Reintegration for Socially Isolated Patients (CRISP) Program
Authors: Kalina J. Tamar , Hinojosa Jim , Strober Lauren , Bacon Joshua , Donnelly Seamus , Goverover Yael
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE. We examined the efficacy of a 12-wk educational socialization program, Community Reintegration for Socially Isolated Patients (CRISP), in improving self-efficacy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). We also examined whether participants in the experimental group with increased self-efficacy experienced reduced loneliness and depression.

METHOD. This randomized controlled group design included 91 participants with MS (experimental group, n = 51; control group, n = 40). Participants were between ages 20 and 68 yr, and the majority experienced a relapsing–remitting MS course (86%) and mild to moderate disability. Participants completed baseline and posttreatment assessments, including questionnaires assessing self-efficacy, loneliness, and depression.

RESULTS. Experimental group participants significantly improved in self-efficacy compared with control group participants. Experimental group participants who demonstrated improved self-efficacy reported reduced perceptions of loneliness but not depressive symptoms.

CONCLUSION. CRISP is a promising intervention to improve self-efficacy for people with MS. However, results need to be treated with caution given the study’s limitations.
Early Intervention in Mental Health for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Read Halley , Roush Sean , Downing Donna
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the evidence for the effectiveness of early intervention to improve and maintain performance in occupations for youths with or at risk for serious mental illness (SMI).

METHOD. Titles and abstracts of 670 articles were reviewed, 234 were retrieved for full review, and 30 met inclusion criteria.

RESULTS. Moderate to strong evidence supports cognitive remediation (CR) and mixed evidence supports cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) as an adjunct modality to improve general functioning. Moderate to strong evidence supports use of supported employment and supported education (SE/E) to improve social and occupational outcomes in employment and academics. Strong evidence supports family psychoeducation (FPE) to prevent relapse and rehospitalization and improve problem-solving skills and general functioning.

CONCLUSION. Occupational therapy practitioners should integrate CR, SE/E, and FPE into early intervention with youth with or at risk for SMI. In addition, CBT is an effective modality for use with this population.
Effectiveness of Interventions for Weight Loss for People With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brown Catana , Geiszler Lydia C. , Lewis Kelsie J. , Arbesman Marian
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE. We examined the effectiveness of weight loss interventions in community-based settings for people with serious mental illness (SMI).

METHOD. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published in 2008 or later that met the criteria for the research question and used weight loss as an outcome measure. Data were extracted, and weight loss was analyzed using a meta-analysis. Similarities and differences in interventions were analyzed qualitatively.

RESULTS. Seventeen studies and a total of 1,874 participants with various diagnoses of SMI were included in the meta-analysis. The various lifestyle-focused interventions had a significant effect on weight loss with an overall effect size of −0.308 (p < .001).

CONCLUSION. Community-based interventions for people with SMI are effective for weight loss. Occupational therapists can be involved in the provision of weight loss interventions and in the development and study of intervention components that are most effective.
Escuelas gobernadas por resultados:Efectividad escolar y políticas educacionales de la transición. Chile, 1990-2017
Authors: Herrera Jeldres Juan F. , Reyes-Jedlicki Leonora , Ruiz Schneider Carlos M.
Published: August 2018

Los gobiernos de la transición democrática chilena comprendieron la tarea de re-democratizar el sistema educacional en base al imperativo de la calidad y la equidad. Este estudio analiza los conceptos que fundamentan las políticas educacionales de la transición democrática en Chile (1990-2017). Se postula que el elemento articulador de estas políticas es la efectividad escolar, un discurso teórico e ideológico relacionado a una compleja trama discursiva que se acopla con transformaciones más generales del Estado, llamadas también reformas de segunda generación. Se utiliza un método cualitativo de análisis documental, y la historia intelectual y la teoría de la ideología como técnicas de análisis de la información. Entre los resultados emerge la generalización del proceso de nueva gestión pública, sometiendo a las instituciones a una nueva forma de control y competencia interna. Se concluye que la efectividad escolar se fundamenta en un modelo de investigación que reduce la complejidad social de la educación a lo medible, lo que es funcional a los gobiernos que buscan consensos y que no están orientados al cambio social ni hacia la construcción de sociedades más igualitarias, instituyendo, de esta manera, respuestas técnicas a problemas políticos.
Aproximaciones discursivas del bienestar en la escuela desde la voz de niños y niñas
Authors: Ramírez-Casas del Valle Lorena P. , Alfaro-Inzunza Jaime A.
Published: August 2018

El estudio del bienestar subjetivo en infancia y adolescencia ha tenido un reciente y dinámico desarrollo, sin embargo, aún existen pocos estudios de tipo cualitativos que den cuenta del contexto discursivo de producción de la experiencia de bienestar, especialmente en la escuela. Desde una aproximación discursiva el propósito de este estudio es analizar los repertorios interpretativos respecto a qué bienestar se constituye en la escuela desde la voz de los niños y niñas, qué sujetos emergen y qué relaciones se establecen en sus prácticas institucionales y de aula, a partir de entrevistas grupales a 31 niños y niñas entre 10 a 12 años. Los resultados permiten evidenciar tres repertorios interpretativos en que emerge un bienestar que permita a los niños y niñas liberarse de normas y vigilancia de los docentes; el ser reconocidos en su singularidad, en el que los niños y niñas apelan a un lugar relevante como actor; y además, interpelan a una pedagogía orientada al reconocimiento del otro -el estudiante. Se discuten estos hallazgos en relación al funcionamiento de la institución escolar, las prácticas pedagógicas y fortalecimiento de la justicia social en la escuela.
Territorios de aprendizaje en niños vulnerables: Un acercamiento desde el aprendizaje Situado
Authors: Peña Ochoa Mónica A. , Bonhomme Alfonso
Published: August 2018

Dentro de un estudio más amplio sobre competencias críticas de niños y niñas en condición de vulnerabilidad, el espacio y la territorialidad aparecen como variables fundamentales para comprender el aprendizaje. Este trabajo muestra la organización espacial que hacen niños y niñas de sus aprendizajes dentro de sus escuelas (una urbana, otra rural). Se introduce el concepto de "vulnerabilidad" en las políticas públicas chilenas, luego se analiza brevemente conceptos relacionados al aprendizaje desde una perspectiva situada. La metodología se inscribe dentro de los principios de la investigación-acción, con el uso de mapas subjetivos y el análisis crítico de discurso. Los resultados dan cuenta de la valorización de los saberes sociales de la comunidad de niños y del lugar de los adultos en la institución como ordenador. Se finaliza reflexionando sobre la escuela como espacio y los posibles usos en intervención psico-educacional.
El tríptico secreto, silencio y exclusión en las tramas de violencia y padecimiento psíquico de niños
Authors: Guemureman Silvia
Published: August 2018

El artículo aborda las categorías de secreto, silencio y exclusión anudadas en torno al padecimiento psíquico y la violencia ejercida sobre niños, niñas y adolescentes en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Como organizador del análisis se considera la noción de concentrado semiótico, que se articula otras temáticas como el abordaje del maltrato infantil y la administración de la justicia de menores. Para el análisis se emplean dos fuentes principales: un expediente tutelar procedente de sede penal, y un expediente que recorrió la sede civil, primero como protección de persona, y luego como control de legalidad. Como hipótesis se plantea que secreto, silencio y exclusión son denominadores comunes e indisociables de las tramas de padecimiento, con impacto devastador en la subjetividad de los niños. Las conclusiones arrojan que el silencio, el secreto y la exclusión operan de forma paradójica en la sede de administración de justicia, y en las instancias administrativas de protección de derechos.
Marketing Fashion Footwear
Authors: Armstrong-Gibbs Fiona , McLaren Tamsin
Published: August 2018

Despite the huge market in fashion footwear, no single academic textbook specifically addresses the fashion footwear business. In general, retail, marketing, brand and business elements of the sector are both under-researched and under-represented in existing fashion marketing publications, and no single text focuses on the business and strategic direction of this product category from a fashion marketing perspective. Marketing Fashion Footwear sets out to address this gap and to demonstrate how footwear is now seen as an integral part of the retailer mix, providing fashion, marketing and design students alike with an invaluable guide to research in this product area as well as insider advice on how to gain employment in this competitive industry sector.

The first book to provide in-depth insights into one of the fastest growing areas of the fashion industry, Marketing Fashion Footwear: The Business of Shoes explores the retail environment, consumer attitudes to footwear, as well as brand creation, production and protection. Marketing Fashion Footwear: The Business of Shoes takes as its specific focus the marketing and merchandising of fashion footwear, as opposed to performance footwear, or health and safety footwear, such as work boots or orthopaedic shoes. As such, Marketing Fashion Footwear: The Business of Shoes uniquely provides a comprehensive guide to the theories and strategies used to develop, manage and market fashion footwear. Key marketing, merchandising and brand management theories are applied to current case studies from some of the most successful international footwear and fashion brands, and interviews with key industry figures offer unique insights into this lucrative industry, making it a must-have text for all students of fashion retailing, fashion merchandising, fashion management, and those looking to specialise in the footwear industry.
A neural network approach to estimating a posteriori distributions of Bayesian retrieval problems
Authors: Pfreundschuh Simon , Eriksson Patrick , Duncan David , Rydberg Bengt , Håkansson Nina , Thoss Anke
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A neural-network-based method, quantile regression neural networks (QRNNs), is
proposed as a novel approach to estimating the a posteriori distribution of
Bayesian remote sensing retrievals. The advantage of QRNNs over conventional
neural network retrievals is that they learn to predict not only a single
retrieval value but also the associated, case-specific uncertainties. In this
study, the retrieval performance of QRNNs is characterized and compared to
that of other state-of-the-art retrieval methods. A synthetic retrieval
scenario is presented and used as a validation case for the application of
QRNNs to Bayesian retrieval problems. The QRNN retrieval performance is
evaluated against Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation and another Bayesian
method based on Monte Carlo integration over a retrieval database. The
scenario is also used to investigate how different hyperparameter
configurations and training set sizes affect the retrieval performance. In the
second part of the study, QRNNs are applied to the retrieval of cloud top
pressure from observations by the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS). It is shown that QRNNs are not only capable of
achieving similar accuracy to standard neural network retrievals but also
provide statistically consistent uncertainty estimates for non-Gaussian
retrieval errors. The results presented in this work show that QRNNs are able
to combine the flexibility and computational efficiency of the machine
learning approach with the theoretically sound handling of uncertainties of
the Bayesian framework. Together with this article, a Python implementation of
QRNNs is released through a public repository to make the method available to
the scientific community.
A measurement campaign to assess sources of error in microwave link rainfall estimation
Authors: van Leth Thomas C. , Overeem Aart , Leijnse Hidde , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We present a measurement campaign to address several error sources associated
with rainfall estimates from microwave links in cellular communication
networks. The core of the experiment is provided by three co-located
microwave links installed between two major buildings on opposite sides of
the small town of Wageningen, approximately 2 km apart: a 38 GHz formerly
commercial microwave link, as well as 26 and 38 GHz (dual-polarization)
research microwave links. Transmitting and receiving antennas have been
attached to masts installed on the roofs of the two buildings, about 30 m
above the ground. This setup was complemented with an infrared large-aperture
scintillometer, installed over the same path, as well as five laser
disdrometers positioned at several locations along the path and an automated
rain gauge. Temporal sampling of the received signals was performed at a rate
of 20 Hz. The setup was monitored by time-lapse cameras to assess the state
of the antennas as well as the atmosphere. The experiment was active between
August 2014 and December 2015. Data from an existing automated weather
station situated just outside Wageningen was further used to compare and to
interpret the findings. In addition to presenting the experiment, we also
conduct a preliminary global analysis and show several cases highlighting the
different phenomena affecting received signal levels: rainfall, solid
precipitation, temperature, fog, antenna wetting due to rain or dew, and
clutter. We also briefly explore cases where several phenomena play a role. A
rainfall intensity (R) – specific attenuation (k) relationship was
derived from the disdrometer data. We find that a basic rainfall retrieval
algorithm without corrections already provides a reasonable correlation to
rainfall as measured by the disdrometers. However, there are strong
systematic overestimations (factors of 1.2–2.1) which cannot be attributed
to the R–k relationship. We observe attenuations in the order of 3 dB
due to antenna wetting under fog or dew conditions. We also observe
fluctuations of a similar magnitude related to changes in temperature. The
response of different makes of microwave antennas to many of these phenomena
is significantly different even under the exact same operating conditions and
configurations.
Comment on “The origin of methane in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf unraveled with triple isotope analysis” by Sapart et al. (2017)
Authors: Sparrow Katy J. , Kessler John D.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In this comment, we outline two major concerns regarding some of the key data
presented in this paper. Both of these concerns are associated with the
natural abundance radiocarbon-methane (14C-CH4) data. First, no systematic methodology
is presented, nor previous peer-reviewed publication referenced, for how
these samples were collected, prepared, and ultimately analyzed for
14C-CH4. Not only are these procedural details missing, but
the critical evaluation of them using gaseous and aqueous blanks and
standards was omitted although these details are essential for any reader to
evaluate the quality of data and subsequent interpretations. Second, due to
the lack of methodological details, the source of the sporadic anthropogenic
contamination cannot be determined and thus it is premature for the authors
to suggest it was in the natural environment prior to sample collection. As
the natural 14C-CH4 data are necessary for the authors'
stated scientific objectives of understanding the origin of methane in the
East Siberian Arctic Shelf, our comment serves to highlight that the study's
objectives have not been met.
Development of high school students' geometric thinking with particular emphasis on mathematically talented students
Authors: Győry Ákos , Kónya Eszter
Published: August 2018

We carried out research using Zalman Usiskin's test (1982) and also a modified version of his test to see how the geometric approach of secondary school students (Grades 8-10) specialized in mathematics had changed. We observed two groups of students for several years. Our aim was to find a relation between the change of the mean of the van Hiele level of the students and the structure of the geometry syllabus. We also observed if there was a change in the geometric approach of the students during the summer holidays and if so, in what way it changed.
Report of Meeting Researches in Didactics of Mathematics and Computer Sciences
Authors: Kónya E. , Szanyi Gy.
Published: August 2018

The meeting Researches in Didactics of Mathematics and Computer Sciences was held in Hajdúszoboszló, Hungary from the 26th to the 28th of January, 2018. It was organized by the Doctoral School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences of University of Debrecen.
The 61 participants – including 47 lectures and 17 PhD students – came from 8 countries, 21 cities and represented 37 institutions of higher and secondary education.
Early intervention and early childhood development support – Polish and Hungarian solutions
Authors: Czerwińska Kornelia , Konieczna Iwona , Prónay Beáta
Published: August 2018

The article is an immediate outcome of the cooperation in the exchange of views and practices
relating to support for young children and their families in Poland and Hungary. The authors
attempt to present knowledge and experiences in the area of early intervention and early childhood
development support in both countries. Thanks to the analyses presented, it is possible to point out
the areas where difficulties arise and reflect on key issues addressed by Poland and Hungary from
a systemic and institutional perspective.
The meaning of life and self-esteem of the physically disabled – preliminary report .
Authors: Kroplewski Zdzisław , Mikuć Joanna , Szceśniak Malgorzata
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research was to look at how people with physical disability describe the
meaning of life and their self-esteem. We also evaluated the relationship between above-mentioned
concepts; verified whether and to what extent selected demographic variables (gender, place of
residence, cause and duration of disability) influenced the meaning of life and self-esteem in the
group of disabled participants. To achieve these goals the Purpose in Life Test, PIL, developed by
J.C. Crumbaugh and L.T. Maholick, and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) by M. Rosenberg were used.
The global perception of the meaning of life and self-esteem in physically disabled was similar to
the normalized results for healthy people. With an increase of self-esteem among the respondents,
the following criteria were also higher: purpose, meaning and affirmation of life, self-evaluation,
life assessment, freedom and responsibility, and a general feeling of the meaning in life. Women
did not differ from men in terms of the meaning of life and the level of self-esteem. People living
in cities had a higher scorings on the meaning of life than those living in small towns. People
with acquired physical disabilities had higher scorings in their attitude to death and suicide than
those with congenital disability. The time of disability acquisition had connection neither with the
meaning of life nor self-esteem. A higher level of self-assessment characterized more active than
inactive persons. For preventive and therapeutic purposes, it is important to build up individual’s
personal resources, especially the meaning of life and self-esteem, for a harmonious life in the
context of physical disability.
Espaços públicos como lugares da política/Public spaces as spaces of politics
Authors: Da Costa Gomes Paulo Cesar , Parente Ribeiro Letícia
Published: August 2018

RESUMOA ativação política dos espaços públicos é comumente associada à sua mobilização extraordinária por grandes movimentos sociais. Ao seu uso cotidiano e ordinário, ao contrário, raramente é atribuído um significado político forte. A partir de uma discussão sobre a estratégia de manifestação política conhecida como “ocupação”, e de exemplos oriundos de pesquisas realizadas em espaços públicos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, este artigo propõe uma nova perspectiva sobre esta oposição, ainda dominante na bibliografia.Palavras-chave: espaço público; ocupação; sociabilidade. ABSTRACTThe political activation of public spaces is commonly associated with their extraordinary mobilization by large social movements. On the contrary, a strong political significance is rarely attributed to the everyday and ordinary use of these spaces. Based on a discussion about the strategy of political manifestation known as “occupation” and presenting examples from research carried out in public spaces in the city of Rio de Janeiro, this article proposes a new approach to this opposition, still dominant in academic literature.Keywords: public space; occupy; sociability.
Espaço político e tensão democrática: os protestos recentes e a potência política das ruas/Political space and democratic tension: the recent protests and the political power of the streets
Authors: Borges Sérgio Silva
Published: August 2018

RESUMOEste artigo busca analisar a potência política das ruas. Aborda-se, à luz de mobilizações políticas contemporâneas, a transformação de espaços do cotidiano social em recurso para a ação política. Este é o objetivo do texto, analisar, com base em episódios do ciclo de protestos recentes, a exemplo das Jornadas de Junho de 2013, no Brasil, o poder das ruas, sua potência política e a conexão existente entre essas arenas e os espaços de decisão. Acredita-se que certas manifestações políticas transformam logradouros públicos em espaços políticos abertos. Nesse sentido, fez-se uma breve discussão sobre o debate contemporâneo a respeito do espaço público para delinear uma distinção entre esse e o espaço político aberto e problematizar as condições pelas quais espaços de sociabilidade transformam-se em espaços de conflito e ação. Procurou-se, através de um levantamento empírico, explicitar a tensão entre as instituições e as ruas, bem como a potência política dessa última. Notar-se-á que diferentes manifestações políticas criam tipos ou subcategorias de espaços políticos. Palavras-chave: Espaço político; Potência política; Tensão democrática. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyze the potential political power of the streets. The approach, in the light of contemporary political mobilizations, is the transformation of social everyday spaces into a resource for political action. This text analyzes the power of the streets based on the cycle of recent protests in Brazil, such as the Journeys of June 2013, as well as their political power and the connection between these arenas and the spaces of decision. It is assumed that certain political manifestations turn public places into open political spaces. In this sense, a brief discussion was made on the contemporary debate about the public space to delineate a distinction between the public space and the open political space in order to problematize the conditions by which spaces of sociability become spaces of conflict and action. Through an empirical survey, it is attempted to explain the tension between institutions and the streets, as well as their the political power. It will be noted that different political manifestations create types or subcategories of political spaces.Keywords: Political space; Political power; Democratic tension.
Os espaços públicos nas cidades contemporâneas: uma (re)visão/Public spaces in the contemporary city: a (re)view
Authors: Souza Andre Felix de
Published: August 2018

RESUMONas últimas décadas e, especialmente, a partir de 1990, a temática dos espaços públicos entrou definitivamente na agenda das ciências sociais e da geografia. Com o presente artigo, buscamos fazer uma revisão de parte desta bibliografia e, em específico, interrogar criticamente a assim chamada tese do fim dos espaços públicos, isto é, o argumento de que os espaços públicos das cidades contemporâneas e/ou pós-modernas estariam passando por um processo global de “regressão”, “decadência” e “crise”.Palavras chave: Espaços Públicos; Cidades Pós-Modernas ABSTRACTIn the last decades, and especially since 1990, the theme of public spaces has definitely entered the agenda of the social sciences and of geography. With the present article, we seek to review some of this bibliography and, in particular, critically interrogate the socalled the end of public spaces thesis, that is, the argument that the public spaces of contemporary or postmodern cities would be going through a global process of “decay”, “regression” and “crisis”.Keywords: Public Spaces; Postmodern Cities.
Uma trilha sonora no largo da carioca: caminhadas de escuta e observação como método de investigação dos espaços públicos/A soundtrack on the Largo da Carioca: listening and observation walks as a public spaces investigation method
Authors: Frias Renato Coimbra
Published: August 2018

RESUMOO presente trabalho discute a relação existente entre sons, política e espaços públicos. Tal discussão é conduzida pela análise dos dados obtidos em um trabalho de campo realizado no Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, que consistiu no mapeamento das diferentes atividades que ocupam esse espaço público e no registro em áudio dos sons ao longo de uma caminhada pelo Largo da Carioca. A análise evidencia como o som produzido por camelôs, artistas de rua e outras atividades observadas em campo exerce um importante papel no jogo de posições entre elas, configurando-se como importante fator na geografia política dos espaços públicos.Palavras-chave: Espaços Públicos, Caminhadas Sonoras, Paisagens Sonoras. ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the relationship between sounds, politics and public spaces. This discussion is conducted by the analysis of data obtained in a fieldwork in Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, which consisted in mapping the different activities that occupy this public space and in the audio recording of the sounds present on a walk along the Largo da Carioca. Our analysis shows how the sound produced by street vendors, street performers and other activities observed in field plays an important role in the positions established between them, becoming an important factor in the political geography of public spaces.Keywords: Public Spaces, Soundwalks, Paisagens Sonoras.
Comércio de rua e requalificação de espaços públicos em Salvador-BA: uma agenda de pesquisa/Street trade and requalification of public spaces in Salvador-BA: a research agenda
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: August 2018

RESUMOPretende-se, nesse artigo, analisar a relação entre comércio de rua e processos de requalificação do espaço público, a partir de uma abordagem geográfica do problema, buscando-se delinear as táticas e estratégias dos agentes envolvidos e suas trajetórias e práticas no cotidiano da metrópole. Busca-se também traçar um panorama preliminar dos contextos conjunturais dos embates relativos aos comerciantes e prestadores de serviço de rua, frente às ações dos agentes hegemônicos de produção do espaço metropolitano e aos processos de requalificação/refuncionalização dos espaços públicos na Capital baiana, a partir do final dos anos 1990 até os dias atuais.Palavras-chave: comércio de rua; serviços de rua; espaço público; requalificação; territorialização; metrópole. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between street trade and requalification processes in public spaces based on a geographical approach to the problem. It is intended to pursue and, therefore, make explicit the tactics and strategies of the agents involved in those projects and their trajectories and practices in the everyday life of the metropolis. We hope to outline the conjunctural contexts of the existing conflicts too, which are related to street traders and service providers, as opposed to the actions of the hegemonic agents of production of the metropolitan space and to the processes of requalification/refunctionalization of public spaces in the capital of Bahia state - Salvador, from the late 1990s to the present day.Keywords: street trade; street services; public space; requalification; territorialization; metropolis.
L'offre de cours relatifs à l'adolescence dans les programmes de formation à l'enseignement au secondaire et en ÉPS au Québec
Authors: Tremblay-Gagnon Delphine
Published: August 2018

Lorsque les élèves entrent au secondaire, ils doivent non seulement assurer leur réussite académique, mais expérimentent aussi de nombreux changements biologiques, sociaux et psychologiques qui affectent intimement leur expérience scolaire. Les enseignants, dans leurs façons d’interagir et d’enseigner, influencent directement cette expérience et la vie de leurs élèves: ils doivent enseigner la matière, gérer leur classe, atteindre les objectifs du Ministère de l’Éducation, des Loisirs et du Sport (MELS) du Québec, tout en composant avec des élèves en pleine maturation. De plus, comme dans toute profession, une base de savoir pour enseigner est nécessaire: nous pensons donc que la connaissance des élèves adolescents est primordiale dans la pratique enseignante, puisque l'élève est au coeur de l'enseignement. Ainsi, considérant l'importance de cette période de la vie et des savoirs aux fondements de la formation en enseignement, nous nous demandons: comment les connaissances relatives à l'adolescence et à l'élève adolescent sont-elles intégrées dans les programmes québécois de formation à l'enseignement au secondaire?
Progressistes de tous les pays, unissez-vous !
Authors: Planel Niels
Published: August 2018

L’« Internationale nationaliste » veut instituer un ordre mondial fondé sur la
puissance plutôt que sur les valeurs, gage d’un futur instable. Pourtant, elle ne
parviendra sans doute pas à remettre en cause la mondialisation du fait d’une
interdépendance déjà bien profonde qui structure le globe. Mais le camp du progrès
doit pour sa part comprendre que son combat face aux conservateurs ne se joue plus à
l’échelle de la nation mais du monde, et agir en conséquence.
Rendre le monde à sa mesure
Authors: Rekow-Fond Lydie
Published: August 2018

L’art contemporain nous a habitués à appréhender le corps de l’artiste performeur et
agissant comme œuvre d’art. Ce corps artistique, par sa présence ou le déploiement d’actions
ou de simples mouvements, ne s’inscrit pas seulement dans l’espace, mais il le décrit et le
définit. Corps et espace s’interpellent. Comment l’artiste s’impose-t-il face à
l’incommensurabilité de l’espace ? Et comment ce corps-œuvre d’art devient-il le lieu d’une
expérience privilégiée de l’espace pour le spectateur ? Tenter de le mesurer à partir de
l’échelle de son propre corps paraît être une solution, tantôt loufoque, tantôt sérieuse.
Les quatre temps de cette démonstration (corps étalon, corps jeu, corps trace, corps
universel) présentent des attitudes adoptées par une sélection d’artistes marquants, des
années 70 à nos jours, qui se lancent le défi de Rendre le monde à sa mesure.
Saisir les multiples nuances de l’agir enseignant contemporain
Authors: St-Pierre Joannie
Published: August 2018

Saisir la complexité, la dynamique et la singularité de l’agir enseignant de façon
située demande de réfléchir aux possibilités méthodologiques. Cette contribution a pour
objectif de recenser les écrits des neuf dernières années, afin de proposer un éclairage
quant aux apports de l’ethnométhodologie à la compréhension de l’agir enseignant depuis la
traduction en français de l’œuvre fondatrice de Garfinkel. Cette recension confirme les
potentialités méthodologiques de cette approche quant aux avantages exploratoires et à la
saisie en contexte et en détail des phénomènes liés à l’agir enseignant.
Trophodynamics of nekton assemblages and relationships with estuarine habitat structure across a subtropical estuary
Authors: Whaley Shannon D , Burd James J , Harmak Craig W. , Shea Colin P
Published: August 2018

Understanding trophodynamics of estuarine and marine ecosystems is important in developing food-web models prevalent in ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, as well as assessing ecosystem condition and function. Few studies have examined seasonal and spatial trophodynamics of nekton assemblages in shallow subtropical waters on estuary-wide spatial extent. We used fisheries-independent monitoring data to examine the spatial distribution and seasonal trophodynamics of nekton assemblages in shallow waters (≤ 1.5m) of Charlotte Harbor, Florida, USA, as well as the lower Peace and Myakka Rivers. Overall nekton densities were generally high in spring (April - May), especially in the lower rivers, and declined through the summer (June – October), and fall (November – December), with small increases in mean nekton densities in winter (January – March). We found that species composition as well as trophic structure of nekton assemblages changed along a broad spatial gradient from the lower portions of the Peace and Myakka Rivers to lower Charlotte Harbor near the passes to the Gulf of Mexico. Nekton assemblages dominated by planktonic-feeding species were located in lower Peace and Myakka Rivers and extended into upper Charlotte Harbor in apparent response to seasonal fluctuations in freshwater inflow. In contrast, most of the nekton assemblages within Charlotte Harbor proper were dominated by nekton species feeding within the benthos (those feeding on benthic infauna, epifauna, seagrass, and/or detritus) throughout the year. The proportion of benthic feeders was positively correlated with landscape metrics describing the area of continuous seagrass beds mapped from aerial photography, and negatively correlated with distance to the nearest pass to the Gulf of Mexico. These relationships were consistent throughout all four seasons of the year. The proportion of benthic feeders varied seasonally, and was relatively high in the fall and winter compared with the spring and summer. The predominance of benthic feeding species during fall and winter when overall nekton densities were low, suggests that benthic production is an important in supporting populations of forage fishes for higher trophic levels, such as piscivorous fishes and wading birds during this time of year. This is an important time for overwintering wading birds, as well as several economically-important fishery species who are recruiting into shallow water areas of Charlotte Harbor. Planktonic production is often the focus of food-web models with benthic production sometimes not included. We found both planktonic and benthic production to be important in Charlotte Harbor. Therefore, both sources of production need to be included in food-web models for Charlotte Harbor, as well as similar subtropical estuaries with relatively large areas of seagrass beds.
Enhancing DEMs for geomorphometric research through digital filtering
Authors: Habib Adnane , Khoshelham Kourosh , Akdim Nadia , El Ghandour Fatima-ezzahra , Labbassi Kamal , Menenti Massimo
Published: August 2018

Currently, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are the main source for representing Earth’s surface and have been an integral part of any geospatial analysis, in particular, geomorphometric research. Among existing techniques, photogrammetry is considered as a common method for obtaining high-resolution elevation data, especially over large or/and inaccessible areas. However, this DEMs are disposed to a severe amount of uncertainty. The aim of this research is to provide an optimal filtering strategy that can remove possible errors and improve the quality of raw photogrammetric DEMs for geomorphometric research over regions with relatively low relief. Results reveal that a combination of three digital filters, namely Gaussian filter, Median filter, and Slope Based filter, is able to reduce different sources of errors and improve the elevation accuracy of DEM by more than 5%, resulting in improved quality of the derived geomorphometric parameters.
Release and spread of Wingless is required to pattern the proximo-distal axis of Drosophila renal tubules
Authors: Beaven Robin , Denholm Barry
Published: August 2018

Wingless/Wnts are signalling molecules, traditionally considered to pattern tissues as long-range morphogens. However, more recently the spread of Wingless was shown to be dispensable in diverse developmental contexts in Drosophila and vertebrates. Here we demonstrate that release and spread of Wingless is required to pattern the proximo-distal (P-D) axis of Drosophila Malpighian tubules. Wingless signalling, emanating from the midgut, directly activates odd skipped expression several cells distant in the proximal tubule. Replacing Wingless with a membrane-tethered version that is unable to diffuse from the Wingless producing cells results in aberrant patterning of the Malpighian tubule P-D axis and development of short, deformed ureters. This work directly demonstrates a patterning role for a released Wingless signal. As well as extending our understanding about the functional modes by which Wnts shape animal development, we anticipate this mechanism to be relevant to patterning epithelial tubes in other organs, such as the vertebrate kidney.
Targeting light-gated chloride channels to neuronal somatodendritic domain reduces their excitatory effect in the axon
Authors: Messier Jessica E , Chen Hongmei , Cai Zhao-Lin , Xue Mingshan
Published: August 2018

Light-gated chloride channels are emerging as promising optogenetic tools for inhibition of neural activity. However, their effects depend on the transmembrane chloride electrochemical gradient and may be complex due to the heterogeneity of this gradient in different developmental stages, neuronal types, and subcellular compartments. Here we characterized a light-gated chloride channel, GtACR2, in mouse cortical neurons. We found that GtACR2 activation inhibited the soma, but unexpectedly depolarized the presynaptic terminals resulting in neurotransmitter release. Other light-gated chloride channels had similar effects. Reducing the chloride concentrations in the axon and presynaptic terminals diminished the GtACR2-induced neurotransmitter release, indicating an excitatory effect of chloride channels in these compartments. A novel hybrid somatodendritic targeting motif reduced the GtACR2-induced neurotransmitter release while enhancing the somatic photocurrents. Our results highlight the necessity of precisely determining the effects of light-gated chloride channels under specific experimental conditions and provide a much-improved light-gated chloride channel for optogenetic inhibition.