bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Nidan (Etiological Factors) Responsible For Manyastambha With Respect To Cervical Spondylosis in Present Era – A Study Protocol
Authors: Jain Mayuri , Parwe Shweta , Ade Vinod , Nisargandha Milind
Published: June 2021

Background: In Ayurveda, Manyastambha is defined as Manyahakriyahani. It is the clinical entity in which the back of the neck becomes stiff, and the neck movement is impaired. Manyastambha is explained one of the Vataja Nanatmaja Vikara by Acharyas. Manyastambha occurs in Urdhwajatru pradesha. It can be correlated with cervical Spondylosis in modern medicine. Cervical Spondylosis is a condition in which degenerative changes are found in the cervical spine. The bony overgrowth of adjacent vertebrae is usually associated with age-related changes in intervertebral discs. In today's era, because of stressful and fast lifestyle, people suffering from various degenerative diseases. Manyastambha is one of the lifestyle disorders which is caused due to excessive use of motor vehicle, travelling, constantly sitting and functioning for a longer duration, lifting heavy weights, lack of exercise or yogas, taking unhealthy foods. Ruk (pain) and Stambha (stiffness) are the main symptoms of Manyastambha. So to prevent the increasing rate of Manyastambha patients, we need to rule out the exact cause from the Nidanas given by Acharyas and correlate it with cervical Spondylosis. Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis) is one of the most everyday orthopaedic problems faced by the primary problem.

Aim: Studying Nidan (etiological factors) responsible for Manyastambha concerning cervical Spondylosis in the present era.

Methods: This study will be observational; subjects mainly diagnosed for manyastambha will be recruited in this study and observe the causative factors responsible for that particular subject.

Results: The Result will be based on observation and analyzed data.

Conclusion: The Nidana, which are most likely to cause Manyastambha in patients, provides proper guidelines to the patients.
Assessment of Air Pollution and Health Hazard Associated with Selected Sawmills in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Inuope O. A.
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to assess air pollution and health hazards around selected sawmills within Port Harcourt metropolis. The physicochemical parameters of the air at the sawmilling sites were determined using onsite air quality analysers. The microbiological parameters were determined using the settling plate technique and the isolates identified based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics. Results showed that estimates of the monitored physicochemical parameters varied with prevalent human activity, time of exposure and atmospheric conditions. At Rumosi, SO2, VOCs and TSP with a concentration 1.250 ppm, 550.500 ppm, 323.200 µg/m3 respectively exceeded the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEv) & World Health Organization (WHO) limit irrespective of the atmospheric condition, time and day of sampling, while the temperature, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 with a concentration of 39.450oC, 209 µg/m3, 348.350 µg/m3, 0.181ppm respectively varied and was within the FMEv acceptable standard. At SARS Road Sawmill 1, VOCs, PM10 and TSP exceeded the FMEv limit while at SARS Road Sawmill 2, SO2, NO2, VOCs, PM10 and TSP exceeded the FMEv limits.  Microbiological analysis revealed that the bioaerosols contained 12 bacterial genera (Aeromonas, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Providencia, Shigella, Enterobacter and Bacillus) and 7 fungal genera (Penicillium,  Fusarium, Geotrichium, Cladosporium, Rhizopus and Trichophyton and Aspergillus) with total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) and total fungal count (TFC) ranging from 2711-26980 CFU/m3 and 373-12851 CFU/m3 respectively. The study also showed that sawmills within Port Harcourt do not pay much attention to the provision and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), as they were generally not provided. The sawmill workers commonly reported cough and chest pain which they admitted could be associated with their jobs. This study has shown that air around sawmill sites contains inhalable chemical and biological agents which could cause respiratory problems to workers with prolonged exposure and dose response. Sawmill operators should provide and enforce the use of PPE within their facility. It is recommended that sawmill workers and other visitors wear personal protective gadgets in the processing area of the sawmill factories. Further study to relate workers symptoms with emission is recommended.
The Assessment of Prognostic Factors for Lung Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Previously Resected Liver Metastases
Authors: Hachimaru Ayumi , Maeda Ryo , Suda Takashi , Takagi Yasushi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic factors of lung metastasectomy in patients with previously resected liver metastases. Thirty-three patients underwent complete resection of lung metastases after previous liver metastasectomy from colorectal cancer between January 2004 and December 2013. In univariate analyses, all cumulative survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in variables were evaluated using the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The 5-year survival rate of all 33 patients after lung metastasectomy was 31%. Univariate analysis identified 2 significant prognostic factors: preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (P = 0.035) and maximum tumor size (P = 0.029). Subgroup analysis with a combination of these 2 independent prognostic factors revealed 2-year survival rates of 100%, 92.3%, and 0% for patients with 0, 1, and 2 risk factors, respectively. We identified 2 independent poor prognostic factors for pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with previously resected liver metastases: high serum carcinoembryonic antigen level before lung metastasectomy, and maximum size of lung metastases. When these 2 factors are combined, higher- and lower-risk subgroups can be identified, which may help select patients with previously resected liver metastases who benefit most from lung metastasectomy.
Arteriovenous Fistula of Superior Mesenteric Artery: An Unusual Cause of an Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Yang Yang , Ran Qisheng , Chen Dongfeng
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The most common causes of lower gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage are diverticulosis and angiodysplasia. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the intestine is an uncommon cause of GI hemorrhage.

Case Presentation

Herein, we report a case of an embolization of an AVF originated from the superior mesenteric artery and vein as a cause of acute massive lower GI bleeding.

Conclusion

The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and ileotransversostomy.
Interlaces among health, sustainability and enviroment: an integrative review / Entrelaces entre a saúde, sustentabilidade e meio ambiente: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Portelinha Márcia Kaster , Almeida Camila , Vargas Natália Rosiely Costa , Lopes Caroline Vascocellos
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: conhecer o que vem sendo descrito sobre a saúde, sustentabilidade e meio ambiente. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada de março a abril de 2019. Os termos: saúde, sustentabilidade e meio ambiente. Os filtros: ser editado nos últimos 5 anos; estar relacionado com a conservação de recursos naturais; estar disponibilizado na íntegra e ser artigo científico. Análise utilizada foi de conteúdo, orientada por Bardim. Resultados: foram selecionados 13 artigos, com seu conteúdo organizado nas categorias: abrangência da saúde, que retrata a multiplicidade de fatores que interferem na saúde; olhando para a sustentabilidade, que traz a perspectiva do desenvolvimento social a partir da reutilização dos recursos; e, questões que influenciam o meio ambiente, apresentando o indivíduo como parte da natureza. Conclusão: foi demostrando a importância de cada tema, a ligação natural dos mesmos, e como se cuidando de um, automaticamente se tem o reflexo nos outros.
Dissoziation des mikrosomalen arylamidase‐alkalischen phosphatase‐komplexes aus rattennieren
Authors: Kleine R. , Schubert J.
Published: July 2002

The high molecular weight arylamidase—alkaline phosphatase‐complex from rat kidney microsomes [1] was carefully dissociated by means of treatment with several hydrolytic enzymes or by acidification. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and pronase cause a selective solubilization of the enzymes discernible at their different electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel. The lower migrating zone represents phosphatase, the faster migrating zone shows arylamidase activity (molecular weights 180,000 and 172,000, respectively). Incubation of the complex with papain, lipase, neuraminidase or hyaluronidase and incubation at acid conditions (pH optimum 5.0) in the absence of any enzyme also yields in the appearance of two protein bands. In contrast to the alkaline hydrolases the acid hydrolases, the pH 5‐treatment and with a certain degree also the lipase liberate a second arylamidase zone lying in the phosphatese containing zone during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatment with SDS and subsequent SDS—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also results in a dissociation of the complex, but only in one protein fragement (approx, molecular weight 205,000).
Isolement d'un nouveau ceto‐acide, produit a partir de ϵ‐N‐trimethyllysine par Neurospora crassa
Authors: Villanueva Victor Raul , Lederer Edgar
Published: July 2002

A new ϵ‐N‐trimethyllysine metabolite has been isolated from the mycelium of Neurospora crassa. The labelled compound produced from incubations in vivo and in vitro from ϵ‐N‐trimethyl ([14C]H3)L‐lysine has been identified as 2‐keto‐ϵ‐N‐trimethyl‐hexanoic acid by reducing its 2,4‐dinitrophenyl hydrazone back to ϵ‐N‐trimethyllysine by hydrogenolysis in a Parr bomb. Analyses on TLC and in four different ion exchange chromatographic systems show the appearance of a ninhydrin positive product having the same R
f and the same retention time as ϵ‐N‐trimethyllysine; it contains more than 85% of the radioactivity of the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazone of the keto acid.
Methylation du tRNA dans des cultures de gonades de Carcinus maenas: Inhibition par un extrait purifie des glandes androgenes
Authors: Tekitek Ali , Berreur-Bonnenfant Josette , Rojas Margarita , Ferezou Jean-Pierre , Barbier Michel , Lederer Edgar
Published: July 2002

Subcultures of ovaries and testis of the crab Carcinus maenas have been performed in the presence of L‐[Me‐14C]methionine. Introduction in the medium of a chromatographically‐purified liposoluble fraction from the androgenic glands of the same animal inhibits the biological methylation of the tRNA of the ovaries by 62%. The inhibition of methylation of five individual bases varies from 45% to 84%. No inhibition of tRNA methylation is observed under the same conditions with testis subcultures.
Thermostability of α‐mannosidase in plasma from cystic fibrosis patients and carriers
Authors: Kohlschütter Alfried , Jacobsen Helle
Published: July 2002

We investigated the thermostability at 41 °C of human plasma α‐mannosidase in two cystic fibrosis patients, one carrier, and two healthy adults. We could not confirm the reported differences between these groups of subjects.
Thymidine triphosphate dephosphorylating activity in regenerating rat liver
Authors: Kamei Masaharu , Otani Shuzu , Matsui Iso , Morisawa Seiji
Published: July 2002

The enzyme activity of dephosphorylation of thymidine triphosphate was found in microsomal fraction of rat liver. The enzyme activity decreased at the time when [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of regenerating liver increased. When the [3H]thymidine incorporation was suppressed by 1,3‐diaminopropane, the enzyme activity remained elevated. These results suggest that the enzyme activity appears to be closely linked to DNA synthesis.
DNA‐biding of IQ, Me‐IQ and Me‐IQx, strong mutagens found in broiled foods
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuo , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Hayashi Kenshi , Kasai Hiroshi , Nishimura Susumu , Miyazawa Tatsuo
Published: July 2002

Non‐covalent DNA‐binding has been studied of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ), 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (Me‐IQ) and 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (Me‐IQx), strong mutagens found in broiled foods. These mutagens are intercalated into DNA, as found by ultraviolet absorption gel electrophoresis. The binding of IQ is stronger with GC pairs than AT pairs in DNA. The binding constants with calf thymus DNA are 1.6 × 106 (Me‐IQ), 0.9 × 106 (IQ) and 0.7 × 106 M−1 (Me‐IQx) at pH 6.0. This order of DNA affinity agrees with the order of mutagenicity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA98.
A mutant β‐D‐glucoside transport system of Escherichia coli resistant to catabolite inhibition
Authors: Elvin C.M. , Kornberg H.L.
Published: July 2002

A mutant strain of Escherichia coli in which β‐glucoside transport is resistant to catabolite inhibition by methyl α‐glucoside was characterized. The mutation was probably within the gene, bglC, coding for the β‐glucoside enzyme II. The mutant organism is shown to transport the β‐glucoside substrate, salicin, in preference to methyl α‐glucoside or fructose. Salicin also caused inducer exclusion of lactose in the mutant strain.
Linear and ‘lasso‐like’ structures of mitochondrial DNA from Pennisetum typhoides
Authors: Kim Byung Dong , Lee Kil Jae , DeBusk A.Gib
Published: July 2002

Previously unidentified structures of plant mitochondrial DNA, namely intact linear molecules and ‘lasso‐like’ structures, are described. The genomic‐size circular DNA is concluded to be an end product of the progression of the ‘lasso’ structure. These findings give insight into the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA unique to higher plants.
The effect of Ca2+ on the stability of chicken erythrocyte histone octamers
Authors: Lindsey George G. , Thompson Patricia , Pretorius Linda , Purves Langley R. , von Holt Claus
Published: July 2002

Histones can be extracted from chicken erythrocyte chromatin with 2 M CaCl2 10 mM Tris (pH 7.4). The core histones so extracted exist as H3–H4 tetramers and H2A–H2B dimers since calcium at >0.5 M result in dissociation of the histone octamer. Reconstitution of octamers occurs on removal of the Ca2+ by dialysis. Although <0.5 M calcium do not result in octamer dissociation, perturbations in the structure can be detected by CD and tyrosine fluorescence spectroscopy.
The primary structure of protein L9 from the Escherichia coli ribosome
Authors: Kamp Roza Maria , Wittmann-Liebold Brigitte
Published: July 2002

The primary structure of protein L9 from the large subunit of the E. coli ribosome has completely been determined. Automatic sequencing of the intact protein by means of an improved Beckman sequencer and by manual sequencing of diverse peptides deriving from cleavages with trypsin, thermolysin, chymotrypsin and pepsin by the DABITC/PITC double coupling method [FEBS Lett. (1978) 93, 205–214] have been performed to establish the amino acid sequence. Protein L9 contains 148 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 15 696. Predictions of secondary structural elements for this protein have been made. A strong homology exists between the primary structure of the E. coli protein L9 and a B. stearothermophilus ribosomal protein previously crystallized [FEBS Lett. (1979) 103, 66–70].
Structural domains of ribosomal protein S8 and their relationship to ribosomal RNA binding
Authors: Paterakis Konstantinos , Littlechild Jennifer
Published: July 2002

Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S8 has been subjected to mild proteolytic digestion in order to search for structural domains within the protein [1]. A characteristic fragment produced in high yield after chymotrypsin treatment has been located with the protein sequence. Circular dichroism has shown this domain to be rich in α helix. However, the fragment loses its ability to bind to 16 S rRNA as does a similar fragment produced by trypsin cleavage. The intact protein is required for rRNA binding and is highly protected against proteolytic digestion when bound to the RNA.
A* protein of bacteriophage φX174 carries an oligonucleotide which it can transfer to the 3−OH of a DNA chain
Authors: van Mansfeld A.D.M. , van Teeffelen H.A.A.M. , Zandberg J. , Baas P.D. , Jansz H.S. , Veeneman G.H. , van Boom J.H.
Published: July 2002

The bacteriophage φX174 gene A encodes two proteins: gene A protein and A* protein. Purified A* protein acts as a single‐stranded, DNA‐specific endonuclease which remains covalently attached to the 5′‐end of the cleavage site. Incubation of A* protein with the synthetic heptamer CAACTTG or with oligonucleotides which yield this heptamer after cleavage with the A* protein yields oligonucleotides with the sequences CAACTTGAG, CAACTTGAGG and CAACTTGAGGA. This indicates that A* protein carries an oligonucleotide with the sequence ‐AG, AGG or ‐AGGA. The oligonucleotide can be transferred to the 3′‐end of the heptamer CAACTTG. This suggests that A* protein reacts with a specific DNA sequence in the infected cell.
The bleaching of purple membranes does not change their surface potential
Authors: Ehrenberg Benjamin , Meiri Zvi
Published: July 2002

A resonance Raman molecular probe was used to measure the surface potential of membrane fragments which contain bacteriorhodopsin. It is shown that the surface potential of the native membranes is identical to that of bleached bacteriorhodopsin. It is therefore concluded that the secondary interactions between the retinal chromophore and the protein, which are known to exist, do not have a long‐range effect on the exposure of the bacteriorhodopsin at the membrane's surface.
The EPR spectrum of cytochrome b‐563 in the cytochrome bf complex from spinach
Authors: Bergström Jörgen , Andréasson Lars-Erik , Vänngård Tore
Published: July 2002

Combined optical and EPR studies show that the two cytochromes b‐563 in the isolated cytochrome bf complex from spinach chloroplasts both are in the low‐spin state with gz
about 3.5. They have slightly different gz
‐values and dissimilar reduction potentials
Benzylamine oxidase from brain microvessels
Authors: Mehrabian Z.B. , Nalbandyan R.M.
Published: July 2002

Copper‐containing benzylamine oxidase with a specific activity of 200 units was isolated from bovine brain microvessels. It was shown that the content of the enzyme in microvessels was significantly higher as compared with large blood vessels such as heart aorta. Some physico‐chemical properties of the enzyme were determined. The enzyme was inhibited by high concentrations of the substrate as well as thiol reagents and β‐aminopropionitrile fumarate. On the basis of EPR and optical spectra of the enzyme its copper was considered to be ‘non‐blue’ type.
Human C4b‐binding protein, C4bp
Authors: Nagasawa Shigeharu , Unno Hiromi , Ichihara Chikako , Koyama Jiro , Koide Takehiko
Published: July 2002

C4bp, a regulator of the classical pathway of complement system, is composed of 6–8 disulfide‐linked subunit chains of 75 kDa. Upon incubation with chymotrypsin, C4bp was rapidly cleaved into a nicked C4bp, composed of disulfide‐linked 48 kDa and 27 kDa fragments. Subsequent slow cleavage on the 27 kDa fragment resulted in the liberation of the active site‐containing 48 kDa fragment from the nicked C4bp. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the 48 kDa fragment was identical to that of the parent subunit chain of C4bp, indicating that the 48 kDa active fragment was released from the N‐terminal side of the parent subunit chain. Based on these results, a possible gross structure of C4bp is proposed.
Compound 48/80‐induced permeability change in liposomal membrane
Authors: Katsu Takashi , Tasaka Kenji , Fujita Yuzaburo
Published: July 2002

The action of compound 48/80 (a mixture of condensation products of p‐methoxy‐N‐methylphenethylamine with formaldehyde) on liposomal membranes was studied by means of K+‐loaded liposomes and a K+ ion‐selective electrode. Prompt efflux of K+ was detected when 48/80 was added to the negatively charged liposome suspension, while the monomer of 48/80, p‐methoxy‐N‐methylphenethylamine, did not release K+ from the same liposomes. The mechanism for the action of 48/80 is discussed in comparison with that of a polymyxin, well known as an antibiotic acting on bacterial membranes.
Evidence that 4‐azido‐2‐nitrophenylphosphate binds to the phosphate site on the β‐subunit of Escherichia coli BF1‐ATPase
Authors: Pougeois Richard , Lauquin Guy J.-M. , Vignais Pierre V.
Published: July 2002

The Pi binding site on bacterial ATPases, isolated from Escherichia coli and from the thermophilic bacterium PS3, was located by means of radiolabeled 4‐azido‐2‐nitrophenylphosphate (ANPP), a photoaffinity derivatives of Pi. Complete inactivation of both ATPases required 1 mol [32P]ANPP/mol ATPase. Only the β‐subunit was photolabeled.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray diffraction data of proteinase II from Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern Diamond Rattlesnake)
Authors: Bode Wolfram , Kress Lawrence F.
Published: July 2002

Proteinase II, a snake venom metalloproteinase from Crotalus adamenteus, has been crystallized. The crystals are of the trigonal space group P 3112 (or P 3212), diffract well beyond 2 Å and are suitable for X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Rapid stopping of A23187 action by phosphatidylcholine
Authors: Vidaver George A. , Lee Jean W.
Published: July 2002

The action on pigeon erythrocytes of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, can be nearly completely stopped within 30 s by treatment with a phosphatidylcholine dispersion at 39°C. A time‐limited 45Ca2+ uptake pulse can be produced by treating cells sequentially with A23187 and lipid, and the time‐course of expulsion of this 45Ca2+ uptake pulse can be easily determined.
Rifamycin B. oxidase from Monocillium spp., a new type of diphenol oxidase
Authors: Han Moon H. , Baik-Lin Seong , Son Hyeung-Jin , Tae-Ick Mheen
Published: July 2002

It was found that enzyme from a microbial strain, Monocillium spp. ATCC 20621, catalyzed the oxidative reaction of rifamycin B to form rifamycin O. The identification of the reaction products suggested that the reaction proceeded by the oxidative cyclization of rifamycin B to give rifamycin O, which spontaneously hydrolyzed to rifamycin S in neutral aqueous milieu. The characteristic of the enzyme was different as compared with that of other polyphenol oxidases such as laccase. It is proposed that this new type of enzyme be classified into a subgroup EC 1.10.3.6 with a trival name rifamycin B oxidase.
Antioxidant effect of caeruloplasmin on microsomal lipid peroxidation
Authors: Yamashoji Shiro , Kajimoto Goro
Published: July 2002

Microsomal NADPH‐dependent lipid peroxidation catalyzed by ADP‐Fe3+ was inhibited by the addition of caeruloplasmin. The antioxidant effect of caeruloplasmin was independent of the superoxide anion (O−
2 scavenging activity. Since caeruloplasmin enhanced the function of ADP‐Fe3+ acting as electron acceptor for microsomal electron transport system, the antioxidant effect of caeruloplasmin is considered to depend on the ferroxidase activity.
Resonance Raman spectroscopic study on the iron—sulfur proteins containing [2Fe—2S] clusters
Authors: Ozaki Yukihiro , Nagayama Kuniaki , Kyogoku Yoshimasa , Hase Toshiharu , Matsubara Hiroshi
Published: July 2002

Resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for Spinacea oleracea, Phytolacca americana and Halobacterium halobium ferrodoxins. These spectra were very similar to each other in terms of both vibrational frequencies and relative intensities, strongly suggesting that their molecular structures of active centers are very similar. The resonance Raman spectra were, however, fairly different in the frequencies of Fe—S(Cys) stretching modes from the spectrum of beef adrenodoxin previously reported. Probably the nature of Fe—S(Cys)‐bonding and/or the manner of cysteine ligation is somewhat different between adrenodoxin and the other [2Fe—2S] ferrodoxins.
Competitive inhibition of nicking—closing enzymes may explain some biological effects of DNA intercalators
Authors: Filipski Jan
Published: July 2002

Intercalating agents cause varied and multiple biological effects. These include the inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis, frameshift mutations and protein‐associated DNA breaks. However, some non‐ intercalating analogs of intercalating compounds behave similarly. The model of DNA intercalation does not adequately explain all these biological effects. It is suggested here that intercalators and similar compounds may competitively inhibit the closing reaction of some nicking—closing enzymes. Hypothetical mechanisms built on this suggestion are presented for the formation of protein associated DNA breaks, frameshift mutation, inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, and recombination.
Increase of the glycolytic rate in human resting fibroblasts following serum stimulation
Authors: Bruni Paola , Farnararo Marta , Vasta Valeria , D'Alessandro Antonino
Published: July 2002

We report that glycolysis in human quiescent fibroblasts stimulated by serum addition is increased, and that the changes of the metabolic route reflect the activity of the phosphofructokinase. A possible role of fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate as a positive modulator of the key enzyme is proposed.
Effect of specific inhibition of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase on amino acid uptake by mammary gland of the lactating rat
Authors: Viña José , Puertes Inmaculada R. , Montoro Juan B. , Viña Juan R.
Published: July 2002

We showed [Biochem. J. (1981) 194, 99–102] that inhibition of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase in vivo with serine‐borate decreases amino acid uptake by mammary gland. However, doubts arose about the validity of this inhibitor in metabolic studies because it must be used in very large amounts. New Inhibitors have been isolated, like anthglutin and acivicin, which are effective at low concentrations in vivo. Here, we show that treatment of lactating rats with these substances decreases the transpeptidase activity and the amino acid uptake by the gland. These results support the hypothesis that the γ‐glutamyl cycle functions as an amino acid transport system in mammary gland.
Electron acceptors of photosystem 2 in the cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum
Authors: Atkinson Y.E. , Evans M.C.W.
Published: July 2002

Photosystem 2 preparations with very high rates of oxygen evolution from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum have been studied by EPR spectrometry. In the presence of DCMU the g = 1.82 signal of the iron—quinone electron acceptor (Q) can be observed. It is proposed that DCMU is necessary to disrupt a magnetic interaction, between the semiquinone forms of Q and the secondary acceptor B, which otherwise prevents detection of the Q−Fe signal. A doublet EPR signal arising from magnetic interaction between Q−Fe and the reduced intermediary electron acceptor pheophytin (I−), and a spin‐polarized triplet signal assumed to arise from the back reaction between I− and P680+ can also be seen. Preliminary redox titrations of Q reduction have been carried out, indicating E
m ⋍ 0 mV.
Processing of bacteriophage T4 tRNAs: a precursor of species 1 RNA
Authors: Gurevitz Michael , Apirion David
Published: July 2002

A precursor molecule of species 1 RNA, p2Sp1, that accumulates when an rne (RNase E−) mutant is infected with a T4 deletion mutant (Δ27) is also found after infection of an rne host mutant by different deletion mutants or wild type bacteriophage T4. Low levels of this molecule were also found in a wild‐type host infected with a wild‐type T4. This precursor molecule accumulates at higher concentrations at 43°C as compared to 30°C or 37°C. Structural analysis of the precursor molecules from the different sources has shown a complete identity of p2Sp1 RNA isolated from the different sources. Therefore, we suggest that this precursor is a normal intermediate in processing of T4 tRNAs, and that it is unrelated to a particular T4 deletion strain. Since RNase E does not process this precursor, its accumulation in an rne mutant reflects an interaction between RNase E and the enzyme that processes this intermediate.
Phosphatidic acid mimicks the muscarinic action of acetylcholine in cultured bovine chromaffin cells
Authors: Ohsako Shunji , Deguchi Takeo
Published: July 2002

In cultured bovine chromaffin cells, acetylcholine as well as muscarine stimulated the 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidic acid, induced the efflux of 45Ca2+ from prelabelled cells, and, in parallel, elevated intracellular cyclic GMP content. Phosphatidic acid added to the medium also stimulated the efflux of 45Ca2+ and the synthesis of cyclic GMP in the cells in the same fashion as muscarinic agents, whereas it did not induce the secretion of catecholamines indicating that the effect of phosphatidic acid is specific to muscarinic action. The result supports the hypothesis that phosphatidic acid produced during phosphatidylinositol turnover is linked to the regulation mechanism of Ca2+ mobilization and cyclic GMP synthesis by muscarinic stimulation.
Differential crosslinking of histones and non‐histones in nuclei by cis‐Pt(II)
Authors: Filipski Jan , Kohn Kurt W. , Bonner William M.
Published: July 2002

When nuclei were treated with the chemotherapeutic agent, cis‐Pt(II), they were crosslinked to the extent that their nuclear morphology as assayed by light microscopy was retained even in the presence of SDS. Protein analysis showed that the histones were completely absent from these nuclear structures, while the non‐histone proteins, with one possible exception, were completely retained. When the nuclear structures in SDS were treated with thiourea to reverse the crosslinks, the non‐histone proteins were liberated and the nuclear structures disappeared. When treated with Proteinase K in SDS, the nuclear structures also disappeared, indicating that protein components were necessary to maintain the structures.
Location of tRNA on the ribosome
Authors: Spirin Alexander S.
Published: July 2002

Electron microscopy results of Lake [J. Mol. Biol. (1976) 105, 131–159] and Vasiliev [FEBS Lett. (1983) 155, 167–172] suggest that the 70 S ribosome has an open pocket or a cavity at the base of the L7/L12 stalk of the 50 S subunit, on the side of the 30 S subunit opposite to its bulge or platform. It is this pocket that is proposed here to be the site for binding and retention of two L‐shaped tRNA molecules on the ribosome. The model proposed is consistent with the facts about interactions of the protein L7/L12 with the elongation factors (EF‐Tu and EF‐G) involved in tRNA binding and translocation, as well as with the data available on the participation of proteins, S3, S5, S10, S14 and S19 in the formation of tRNA sites.
Calcium‐dependent protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in intact brain neurons in culture
Authors: Zurgil Neomi , Zisapel Nava
Published: July 2002

Preincubation of intact fetal rat brain neurons in culture with 32Pi results in the incorporation of 32Pi into about 20 specific proteins. Upon stimulation by electrical field stimulation or by K+‐induced depolarization, highly significant calcium‐dependent increase in phosphorylation of a protein of app. M
r 43 000 and decrease in phosphorylation of an app. M
r 55 000 protein occur. These changes can be attributed to the entry of Ca2+ into the cellular cytoplasm since they can occur upon selective permeabilization of the cell membrane to Ca2+ by the Ca2+‐ionophore A23187 and are not observed upon stimulation of the cells in the presence of the Ca2+ channel blocker D‐600. These data suggest that these phosphoproteins may be involved in the regulation of processes underlying neurotransmitter release.
Purification and properties of a lectin from Lathyrus tingitanus seeds
Authors: Rougé Pierre , Chabert Philippe
Published: July 2002

A lectin has been isolated from the seeds of Lathyrus tingitanus by ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on Sephadex G‐100 and subsequent chromatofocusing. This lectin has a relative molecular mass about 50 000 and consists of light (M
r 5000) and heavy subunits (M
r 20 000). The amino acid composition, N‐terminal amino acids, carbohydrate and metal content of both the lectin and its subunits are given. This lectin is non‐specific in agglutination of human erythrocytes and is inhibited by D‐mannose, D‐glucose and their α‐methylglucosides derivatives. Antibodies against this lectin crossreact with other purified Lathyrus lectins and other lectins from species belonging to the Vicieae tribe.
Biosynthesis of rabbit haptoglobin: Chemical evidence for a single chain precursor
Authors: Chow Virginia , Murray Robert K. , Dixon James D. , Kurosky Alexander
Published: July 2002

The primary translation product of the mRNA for rabbit haptoglobin was obtained from a rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell‐free system by immunoprecipitation with an antiserum that was directed to the β chain of haptoglobin. Analysis of the translation product by gel electrophoresis and by protein sequencing analysis identified a single polypeptide of M
r 41 000. Sequence analysis established a signal region of 18 residues that was immediately followed by the α chain sequence. These results give strong evidence that haptoglobin is initially synthesized as a single chain composed of a signal peptide followed by α and β chain regions, respectively.
Theoretical NMR study of the pre‐melting transition in the d‐(CGCGAATTCGCG) and d‐(CGCGTATACGCG) self‐complementary duplexes
Authors: Giessner-Prettre C. , Pullman B.
Published: July 2002

The difference between their shielding in a B‐DNA duplex and in the single strand having the same conformation has been calculated for all base protons of the dodecamers d‐(CGCGAATTCGCG) and d‐(CGCGTATACGCG). The calculated chemical shift variations reproduce the qualitative features of the shifts which occur during the pre‐melting of the helices. This agreement shows that the pre‐melting mechanisms consists mainly of a lengthening of the hydrogen bonds between the two strands (in line opening) and that the conformation of the ribophosphate backbone and the orientation of the bases do not undergo major modifications during the first step of the melting.
Disulfide content of reduced hen egg white and human milk lysozymes during the folding process
Authors: Perraudin Jean-Paul , Guillard Roger , Prieels Jean-Paul , Torchia Timothy , Thierry Dubois
Published: July 2002

In order to obtain a better understanding of the possible influence of the primary sequence of a protein on its folding pathway, renaturation of reduced human milk lysozyme was compared to that of reduced hen egg white lysozyme. Following disulfide bond formation, under identical conditions, similar products were found during the folding of both lysozymes, but the kinetics of appearance and disappearance of these intermediates as well as the appearance of the native conformation were different.
Evidence that mAMSA induces topoisomerase action
Authors: Marshall B. , Darkin S. , Ralph R.K.
Published: July 2002

Evidence is presented that the topoisomerase inhibitors novobiocin and coumermycin inhibit the production of double‐strand breaks in mouse mastocytoma cell nuclear DNA by the anticancer drug 4′[(9‐acridinyl)amino]‐methanesulphon‐m‐anisidide (mAMSA). Novobiocin did not inhibit resealing of DNA breaks induced by mAMSA. It is suggested that mAMSA intercalation into DNA induces the action of a type II topoisomerase. mAMSA and oAMSA were equally effective in breaking the DNA in isolated nuclei.
Proton NMR measurements of hydrogen exchange at the C‐3 position of 3‐hydroxybutyrate in suspensions of rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Paul Hans-Helmut , Brindle Kevin M. , Campbell Iain D. , Smith Deborah J.
Published: July 2002

Rat liver mitochondria suspended in buffer made with 2H2O catalyse exchange of the C‐3 proton of added D‐3‐hydroxybutyrate with solvent deuterons. The kinetics of this process can be followed using spin‐echo proton NMR. The observed isotope exchange velocity is sensitive to the activity of D‐3‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, which is an integral protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A method is described which can be used to obtain the specific isotope exchange velocity of the enzyme in the intact mitochondrion.
Several crystal forms of the Bacillus stearothermophilus 50 S ribosomal particles
Authors: Yonath A. , Tesche B. , Lorenz S. , Müssig J. , Erdmann V.A. , Wittmann H.G.
Published: July 2002

Well‐ordered three‐dimensional crystals of the large subunit of Bacillus stearothermophilus have been obtained. Electron micrographs of positively stained sections of these crystals revealed that the ribosomal particles are packed in several modes. Cell dimensions have been determined for 4 crystal forms. Representative electron micrographs, their optical diffraction patterns and their two‐dimensional images are shown.
Effect of sodium butyrate on the stimulation of casein gene expression by prolactin
Authors: Martel Paule , Houdebine Louis-Marie , Teyssot Bertrand
Published: July 2002

Sodium butyrate, but not isobutyrate, inhibits prolactin action on the induction of casein synthesis and casein mRNA accumulation in rabbit mammary explants. Sodium butyrate specifically prevents the generation of the prolactin relay which can be released from isolated membranes incubated with prolactin and which stimulates directly casein gene transcription when added to isolated mammary nuclei. This indicates that sodium butyrate exerts its inhibitory action essentially at the membrane level.
Effect of exogenous nucleotides on growth and photopigment synthesis in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata
Authors: Montesinos Emilio , Barbé Jorge , Guerrero Ricardo , Mas Jorge
Published: July 2002

Adenine, cytidine and guanosine nucleotides were supplied to cultures of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata under aerobic heterotrophic and phototrophic growth conditions. Aerobic growth is not affected by exogenous nucleotides (up to 10 mM) whereas phototrophic growth is strongly inhibited by adenine but not by guanosine or cytidine nucleotides. During phototrophic growth there is an inverse relationship between the concentration of exogenous adenine nucleotides and photopigment synthesis. There are no statistically significant differences between the inhibitory effect of AMP, ADP and ATP on the growth rate and bacteriochlorophyll synthesis since adenine nucleotides are incorporated into the cell as AMP by means of the phosphoribosyl transferase system.
DNA from alkalophilic Bacillus can transform B. subtilis to alkalophily
Authors: Takinishi Hidemitsu , Takeshi Sekiguchi , Noriyuki Koyama , Kazuo Shishido , Yoshiaki Nosoh
Published: July 2002

On incubation of B. subtilis RM125(arg15 leuA8 rM
− mM
−) with DNA from alkalophilic Bacillus, the transformants (Arg+Leu− or Leu−Arg+) appeared at pH 10. The transformants were able to grow even at pH 7. Alkalophilic Bacillus was resistant to bacteriophages π105D1C2·1012 grown on B. subtilis 1012(r‐mM
+) and π105D1C2·ISMR4 grown on B. subtilis ISMR4rM
+rR
+mM
+mR
+), but the recipient B. subtilis and the transformant(Arg+Leu−) were susceptible to both the of the bacteriophages. The results indicate that the transformant is a B. subtilis derivative and that alkalophilicity of alkalophilic Bacillus was transferred to B. subtilis.
Isolation of deuterated histones from yeast grown on media dissolved in 2H2O
Authors: Hamana Koei , Mita Kazuei , Ichimura Sachiko , Zama Mitsuo , Kaji Keisuke , Niimura Nobuo
Published: July 2002

We have succeeded in growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) on media containing 2H2O and isolating the core histones highly deuterated in the non‐exchangeable positions. The deuterated histones obtained here are of great value for their possible widespread use for structural studies of chromatin.
The sequence of an antibiotic resistance gene from an antibiotic‐producing bacterium
Authors: Herbert Christopher J. , Giles Ian G. , Akhtar Muhammad
Published: July 2002

The APH gene of a butirosin‐producing Bacillus circulans has been cloned and sequenced; a comparison of the translated protein sequence with those from TN5 and TN903 indicates that they may have a common origin.
Age‐related changes in different steps of protein synthesis of liver and kidney of rats
Authors: Gabius Hans-Joachim , Engelhardt Reinhild , Deerberg Friedrich , Cramer Friedrich
Published: July 2002

Protein synthesis in cell‐free systems of rat liver and kidney decreases markedly with age. Examination of activity changes of the different steps revealed for both types of organs that reduced binding of aminoacyl‐tRNA to ribosomes and reduced peptidyl transfer might be of major importance for the decrease in overall protein synthesis whereas ageing has only little effect on translocation as well as on initiation and termination.
The effect of oligomycin on rat liver mitochondria respiring in state 4
Authors: Masini Alberto , Ceccarelli-Stanzani Daniela , Muscatello Umberto
Published: July 2002

It has been found that oligomycin inhibits up to at least 50% state‐4 mitochondrial respiration. A time dependence of oligomycin inhibition has been shown. A titration curve for state‐4 respiration of sigmoidal profile has been presented. The possibility of misreading this oligomycin effect, so far never reported, has been excluded by evaluating the quality of mitochondrial preparations used in respect to their morphological, functional and electrochemical properties. The conclusion has therefore been put forward that the most part of respiration in steady‐state‐4 is driven by ATP synthesis.
Effects of glucose, anoxia, and adriamycin on the chemiluminescence of Ehrlich Ascites cells
Authors: Cheng B. , Williams M. , Chance B.
Published: July 2002

Glucose and anoxia accelerate the photocount due to luminescence of Ehrlich Ascites cells. Adriamycin also has this effect if glucose is present. Comparison with a chemical standard combined with estimates of cellular and population transmittance yield a photon generation rate of at least 10.s−1.cell−1 in the presence of 10−2 M glucose, and twice this with anoxic conditions or 10−5 M adriamycin. Effects of adriamycin on Ehrlich Ascites cell respiration may depend on the presence of glucose.
Magnesium as a natural substitute for manganese in concanavalin A and other lectins
Authors: Martin Young N.
Published: July 2002

Addition of magnesium to apo‐concanavalin A in the presence of calcium was shown by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy to generate a holoprotein spectroscopically identical to the MnCa‐holoprotein. The MgCa‐ and MnCa‐forms bound equally strongly to Sephadex G‐75. In kinetic experiments, the binding of Mg2+ was much slower than Mn2+ binding; K
d for Mg2+ was estimated as 7.4 mM. The combined Mg2+ and Mn2+ contents of 10 lectins specific for D‐galactose or N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine were each close to one atom per subunit, suggesting occupancy of the Mn2+ site by Mg2+ is common in plant lectins.
Comparison of the structure of the 7 S globulin from Phaseolus vulgaris in solution with the crystal structure of 7 S globulin from Canavalia ensiformis by small angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Plietz P. , Damaschun G. , Müller J.J. , Schlesier B.
Published: July 2002

The structure of the 7 S globulin from Phaseolus vulgaris, phaseolin, was determined by small angle X‐ray scattering. The molecule consists of 3 Y‐shaped subunits which are arranged around a 3‐fold symmetry axis. Though phaseolin is structurally very similar to canavalin, the 7 S globulin from Canavalia ensiformis, there are considerable differences between the structure of crystalline canavalin and that of phaseolin in solution. The differences may be caused by tryptic treatment of canavalin before crystallization.
Lysozymes' esterase activity
Authors: Jollès Jacqueline , Jollès Pierre
Published: July 2002

A non‐specific esterase activity of hen lysozyme (c‐type) has previously been described: histidine was claimed to be involved in this activity. The present letter reports that a histidine‐less lysozyme from the duck egg‐white (c‐type) as well as a goose lysozyme (g‐type) possess such an esterase activity determined using p‐nitrophenylacetate.
Synthesis of phage‐specific transfer RNA molecules by vibriophage ø 149
Authors: Ghosh Ranajit K. , Guhathakurta Indrajit
Published: July 2002

32P‐Labelled tRNA was isolated from uninfected and phage ø 149‐infected Vibrio cholerae cells. These tRNA preparations were then hybridised with DNA isolated from phage ø 149. Significant hybridisation was observed only with tRNA from phage ø 149‐infected cells. This strongly suggests that infection of classical vibrio with phage ø 149 results in the synthesis of phage‐specific tRNA molecules.
Correlation between phosphorylated H1 histone and condensed chromatin in Planococcus citri
Authors: Karnik Pratima S.
Published: July 2002

Histones of the mealybug Planococcus citri have been isolated and characterised. Although no major differences were observed between the core histones of male and female insects, the pattern of H1 histones was significantly different between the sexes. A specific hyperphosphorylated H1 was found to be present only in male mealybugs, where the paternal chromosomes are condensed and transcriptionally inactive.
The template RNAs of RNA polymerases can have compact secondary structure, formed by long double helices with partial violations of the complementarity
Authors: Solovyov V.V. , Zharkikh A.A. , Kolchanov N.A. , Ratner V.A.
Published: July 2002

A new method contextual analysis was used to search the long non‐random inverted repeats and the complementary palindromes in the genes of E. coli and T7 RNA polymerases. These genes were found to contain from 25% to 50% of all the nucleotides involved in such helices. The 5′‐ and 3′‐ends of mRNA can be protected by neighbouring double helices from the nuclease attack. Some double helices are competing and very similar to the attenuator of E. coli trp‐operon.
Identification of a plasma membrane protein involved in Pi transport in the yeast Candida tropicalis
Authors: Jeanjean R. , Blasco F. , Hirn M.
Published: July 2002

A plasma membrane protein was found to contain antigenic determinants in common with a Pi‐binding protein released by osmotic shock from Candida tropicalis. This plasma membrane protein (M.P. 30) has a molecular mass of 30 kDa as measured by SDS—PAGE and anti‐M.P. 30 antibodies inhibit Pi uptake in protoplasts while only the corresponding Fab fragments inhibit Pi transport in whole cells. This plasma membrane protein may be the Pi plasma membrane carrier.
Activation of phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent protein kinase by cytidine 5′‐triphosphate in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Mattoo Roshan L. , Waygood E.Bruce , Khandelwal Ramji L.
Published: July 2002

The effects of nucleotides on phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent protein kinase in rat skeletal muscle were examined. Various ribonucleotide triphosphates were tested and the protein kinase reaction was maximally activated by cytidine 5′‐triphosphate followed by uridine 5′‐triphosphate and guanosine 5′‐triphosphate. No activation by adenosine 5′‐triphosphate was observed. Cytidine 5′‐diphosphate also activated the reaction but to a significantly lesser extent. Cytidine 5′‐monophosphate and cyclic cytidine 3′,5′‐monophosphate showed no effect whereas cytidine was slightly inhibitory.
Probing the smallest functional unit of the reaction center of Rhodospirillum rubrum G‐9 with proteinases
Authors: Wiemken V. , Bachofen R.
Published: July 2002

Reaction centers composed of subunits H, M, L (28 kDa, 24 kDa, 21 kDa) were isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum G‐9 and subjected to progressive digestion with proteinase K. Photoactivity and spectral characteristics were retained as long as subunit L and a characteristic fragment (about 18 kDa) of another subunit, most probably of subunit M, remained intact. This was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by the finding of only two amino‐terminal sequences one of which was identical with that of subunit L. The rate of reduction of photooxidized P‐870 was decreased in the digested preparation of the reaction center as compared with the control but the kinetics of the reduction of photooxidized cytochrome c
2 was unchanged. It is inferred that subunit L and a part of subunit M form the smallest functional unit of the reaction center.