bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Mobile Node Localization Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Monte Carlo Method
Authors: He Jian'qiang
Published: October 2022

Mobile node localization is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor network applications. Aiming at the shortcomings of Monte Carlo algorithm (MCL) in mobile wireless sensor network node localization in nonideal environments, such as low accuracy and low sampling rate, in the prediction phase and filtering phase of MCL, the communication radius of the unknown node is determined according to the size of the irregularity of the node. Perform layering, assign adaptive weights to anchor nodes of different layers according to the area where they are located, and propose an adaptive improved Monte Carlo algorithm. After simulation analysis, the algorithm has an average localization error of nodes under different regularity conditions. It has dropped by about 12%, and the localization error has dropped by about 10% on average under different speed conditions. Aiming at the shortcomings of the MCL algorithm in mobile wireless sensor mobile networks such as low localization accuracy, large sample demand, and long localization time, the communication radius of the node is fuzzified to reduce the sampling area of the node, and an improved Monte Carlo localization algorithm based on fuzzy theory is proposed. The improved Monte Carlo localization algorithm, after simulation analysis, is about 50% shorter than the traditional MCL algorithm in localization time, and the localization accuracy is up to about 30% higher than the traditional MCL algorithm.
An Aged/Autoimmune B-cell Program Defines the Early Transformation of Extranodal Lymphomas
Authors: Venturutti Leandro , Rivas Martin A. , Pelzer Benedikt W. , Flümann Ruth , Hansen Julia , Karagiannidis Ioannis , Xia Min , McNally Dylan R. , Isshiki Yusuke , Lytle Andrew , Teater Matt , Chin Christopher R. , Meydan Cem , Knittel Gero , Ricker Edd , Mason Christopher E. , Ye Xiaofei , Pan-Hammarström Qiang , Steidl Christian , Scott David W. , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Pernis Alessandra B. , Béguelin Wendy , Melnick Ari M.
Published: October 2022

A third of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) present with extranodal dissemination, which is associated with inferior clinical outcomes. MYD88L265P is a hallmark extranodal DLBCL mutation that supports lymphoma proliferation. Yet extranodal lymphomagenesis and the role of MYD88L265P in transformation remain mostly unknown. Here, we show that B cells expressing Myd88L252P (MYD88L265P murine equivalent) activate, proliferate, and differentiate with minimal T-cell costimulation. Additionally, Myd88L252P skewed B cells toward memory fate. Unexpectedly, the transcriptional and phenotypic profiles of B cells expressing Myd88L252P, or other extranodal lymphoma founder mutations, resembled those of CD11c+T-BET+ aged/autoimmune memory B cells (AiBC). AiBC-like cells progressively accumulated in animals prone to develop lymphomas, and ablation of T-BET, the AiBC master regulator, stripped mouse and human mutant B cells of their competitive fitness. By identifying a phenotypically defined prospective lymphoma precursor population and its dependencies, our findings pave the way for the early detection of premalignant states and targeted prophylactic interventions in high-risk patients.

Significance:

Extranodal lymphomas feature a very poor prognosis. The identification of phenotypically distinguishable prospective precursor cells represents a milestone in the pursuit of earlier diagnosis, patient stratification, and prophylactic interventions. Conceptually, we found that extranodal lymphomas and autoimmune disorders harness overlapping pathogenic trajectories, suggesting these B-cell disorders develop and evolve within a spectrum.

See related commentary by Leveille et al. (Blood Cancer Discov 2023;4:8–11).

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica (Bazex Syndrome): A Case Report
Authors: Holzgruber Julia , Oberneder-Popper Jacqueline , Guenova Emmanuella , Hötzenecker Wolfram
Published: October 2022

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica Bazex is a rare paraneoplastic skin manifestation, typically causing acral psoriasiform lesions. Patients usually show erythematous hyperkeratosis with yellowish, adherent scales on the hands and feet or other acral locations such as ears or nose. We herein report a case of Bazex syndrome in a male patient, who was previously diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. Our case report highlights this rare condition as early diagnosis may impact the patient’s course of tumor disease and prognosis.
Temporal Bone Histopathology of Undiagnosed Dizziness in the Elderly
Authors: Okayasu Tadao , Kamakura Takefumi , Kitahara Tadashi , Nadol Jr. Joseph B.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Dizziness is a common disease. However, approximately 10–40% of patients were diagnosed unknown dizziness even though general, neurological, and otological examinations were performed. The aim of this otopathological study was to investigate the histopathology of the peripheral vestibular system of patients who suffered from undiagnosed dizziness. Methods: Eighteen temporal bone specimens from 9 patients with undiagnosed dizziness and 20 temporal bone specimens from age-matched 10 normal controls were selected. Cases with a history of dizziness and vertigo caused by particular peripheral vestibular disease and central etiology were excluded. Specimens of the vestibular system were carefully assessed by light microscopy. The basophilic deposits adhered to cupulae of the semicircular canals and the wall of the labyrinth were investigated. Scarpa’s ganglion cell counts in the vestibular nerves were performed. Results: Fifteen ears of 9 patients had the findings of vestibular pathology such as a basophilic deposit on cupula (8 ears), on canal wall (7 ears), vestibular nerve loss (8 ears), or vestibular atelectasis (2 ears). Unclear pathological findings such as crista neglecta, subepithelial deposits of the crista ampullaris, and adhesion of the cupula to dark cell area were demonstrated. The mean size of basophilic deposits seen in the patients (mean: 191 µm) was larger than that of latent deposits seen in the normal controls (mean: 101 µm; p = 0.01). Conclusions: We demonstrated some peripheral vestibular pathological findings such as deposit within the semicircular canal, vestibular nerve loss, and vestibular atelectasis and suggested the possible diagnosis of dizziness (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, presbyvestibulopathy, vestibular atelectasis). These findings will provide a better insight into the multiple etiologies of the unknown dizziness in the elderly.
Male Breast Cancer: Therapy-Induced Toxicities, Psychological Distress, and Individual Patient Goals during Oncological Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Hass Holger G. , Herzberger Andrea , Wöckel Achim , Stepien Jürgen
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy that accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men and less than 1% of all breast cancers worldwide. Understandably, due to the low incidence of this rare cancer, there is a lack of prospective clinical data. The aim of this retrospective study was the analysis of therapy-induced toxicities as well as the assessment of psychological distress in the affected men during oncological inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: Fifty-one MBC patients were evaluated for the presence of treatment-induced side effects, toxicities, and psychological distress (using German version of the 11-stage NCCN distress thermometer; cut-off ≥5) during oncological indoor rehabilitation. The collected data were checked for correlation with sociodemographic and clinical factors (SPSS 22). Results: The mean age was 62.0 ± 10.6 years, in 96% a hormone-dependent breast tumor (ER+), and in over 75%, overweight or obesity (BMI >25/>30) was diagnosed. Most reported side effects included weakness/fatigue (74.5%), arthralgia after surgery/chemotherapy (43.1%), chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (36.3%), and/or lymphedema (13.7%). Psychological distress was detected in 24 cases (47.0%; ≥5), in 13 cases even with significantly high levels (25.5%; ≥7). There was no correlation between psychological distress and clinical factors such as age, performed treatment (e.g., chemotherapy), or therapy-induced side effects (e.g., lymphedema) in our small collective. Conclusions: Psychological distress and somatic side effects are common in MBC. These data demonstrate the importance of routine screening for psychological distress and the high need for psycho-oncological therapy (regardless of gender) in multimodal oncological rehabilitation.
Ornidazole Reduces the Progression of Endometriosis in a Rat Model
Authors: Qin Xiaoduo , Yang Haiyan , Qiao Dan , Liu Xuantong , Liu Li-Bing , Liu Su-Fen , Jia Zhongzhi
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ornidazole in inhibiting the progression of endometriosis in a rat model. Design: This was an in vivo experiment, including the ornidazole group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 14). Rats were provided with free access to water containing ornidazole (1 g/L) or drinking water only for 14 days. Materials and Methods: Surgical induction of endometriosis was performed in Sprague Dawley rats via autologous endometrial transplantation. Rats were provided with free access to water containing ornidazole (1 g/L) or drinking water only for 14 days. Once the rats were euthanized (ornidazole group, n = 16; control group, n = 14), histological signatures and the volumes of endometriosis lesions were assessed. Cells positive for the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were counted. Angiogenesis was identified by assessing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density. Results: The median lesion volume was lower in the ornidazole group (20.2 mm3; range, 5.7–53.3 mm3) than in the control group (81.3 mm3; range, 32.8–122.2 mm3; p = 0.007). Median IL-1β cell counts were 5.3 (range, 4.5–6.4) for ornidazole and 11.7 (range, 9.4–15.4) for control (p < 0.001). Mean IL-6 cell counts were 5.6 ± 1.8 for ornidazole and 11.3 ± 4.1 for control (p < 0.001). Median TNF-α cell counts were 5.7 (range, 4.5–7.2) for ornidazole and 12.1 (range, 10.0–15.9) for control (p < 0.001). Median VEGF cell counts were 8.1 (range, 6.5–11.4) for ornidazole and 18.3 (range, 14.2–21.0) for control (p = 0.001). Median microvessel density values were 11.3/HPF (range, 7.7–21.8) for ornidazole and 28.7/HPF (range, 13.1–48.2) for control (p = 0.012). Limitations: This study is a short period and small sample size experiment. In this study, multiple drug concentrations were not used. We did not use in vitro models to assess the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects of ornidazole on endometriosis, and the specific anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic mechanisms associated with ornidazole need to be further investigated. Conclusion: Ornidazole restricts the growth of endometriosis in rats, possibly by exerting anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effects.
Desde Argentina hacia Brasil: un viaje de jóvenes artistas cordobeses a la Bienal Internacional de San Pablo durante la década de 1980
Authors: González Alejandra Soledad
Published: October 2022

En este ensayo se problematiza un desplazamiento concretado por algunos integrantes de la Agrupación para el Desarrollo de Experiencias Visuales, desde Córdoba (Argentina) hacia San Pablo (Brasil), durante la primera mitad de la década de 1980. A partir del análisis de las motivaciones, las características y los imprevistos emergentes alrededor de aquel viaje, podremos conocer tanto algunas experiencias situadas en el microcosmos artístico, que rodeaba a la bienal internacional paulista, como ciertas vivencias que traspasaban las fronteras del arte y la política, en una coyuntura donde ambos países estaban transitando el período final de sus dictaduras. Para sustentar esta reconstrucción, en el trabajo se utiliza un enfoque de Historia cultural transdisciplinar y se cotejan testimonios orales con documentos escritos y visuales. En las diversas secciones del texto se proponen aproximaciones a distintas aristas: la agrupación de jóvenes artistas cordobeses, las estrategias planificadas en torno del viaje, algunos acontecimientos inesperados que les posibilitaron vivenciar situaciones excepcionales en las posiciones de artista y de público, y ciertos imaginarios que condicionaban sus miradas.
Social Search and Resource Clustering as Emergent Stable States
Authors: Luthra Mahi , Todd Peter M.
Published: October 2022

Social search has stably evolved across various species and is often used by humans to search for resources (such as food, information, social partners). In turn, these resources frequently come distributed in patches or clusters. In the current work, we use an ecologically inspired agent-based model to investigate whether social search and clustering are stable outcomes of the dynamical mutual interactions between the two. While previous research has studied unidirectional influences of social search on resource clustering and vice versa, the current work investigates the consequential patterns emerging from their two-way interactions over time. In our model, consumers evolved search strategies (ranging from competitive to social) as adaptations to their environmental resource structures, and resources varied in distributions (ranging from random to clustered) that were shaped by agents’ consumption patterns. Across four experiments, we systematically analyzed the patterns of influence that search strategies and environment structure have on each other to identify stable attractor states of both. In Experiment 1, we fixed resource clustering at various levels and observed its influence on social search, and in Experiment 2, we observed the influence of social search on resource distribution. In both these experiments we found that increasing levels of one variable produced increases in the other; however, at very high levels of the manipulated variable, the dependent variable tended to fall. Finally in Experiments 3 and 4, we studied the dynamics that arose when resource clustering and social search could both change and mutually influence each other, finding that low levels of social search and clustering were stable attractor states. Our simple 2D model yielded results that qualitatively resemble those across a wide range of search domains (from physical search for food to abstract search for information), highlighting some stable outcomes of mutually interacting consumer/resource systems.
New genus and subgenus of South American long-horned bees (Apidae, Eucerini)
Authors: FREITAS FELIPE V.
Published: October 2022

As part of a broader treatment of Eucerini systematics, a new genus and a new subgenus are described to accommodate previously described species. Savannychapis gen. n. is described to accommodate Gaesischia interrupta Urban 1989, originally described as a species of Gaesischia (Gaesischiana) Michener et al. 1955, and Gaesischia (Gaesischioides) subgen. n. to accommodate Gaesischia hyptidis (Ducke 1910), previously included in Gaesischia s. str. Michener et al. 1955 and G. (Agaesischia) Moure & Michener 1955. These new taxa are only known in the South American dry diagonal, a set of open vegetation biomes of central-eastern South America.
Biosynthetic Luminescent Ag Nanoparticles in Functionalization for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hu Qiong , Wang Zhenzhu , Fan Chong , Wang Qing , Luan Ting , Wu Aiwen , Wang Zhichong , Hu Xianyun , Zhang Gen , Wang Ting , Li Qing
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer is still the most common malignant tumor in the world despite the research and technique advances. However, how to come true targeted controlled release perplexing the clinicians all the time and rapid development of nanotechnology, as well as emerging microRNA (miRNA),
offers an opportunity for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Here, nude mouse model with breast cancer was built and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs, ANPs) with near infrared characteristic were biosynthesized. Then, RNA-seq, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence of the differential
expression spectrum of cultured mouse T cells treated by silver nitrate in vitro hinted that biosynthesis of ANPs in cells depended on participation of ferritin and serum albumin (SA). Subsequently, ANPs loaded with miR-200c (miR-200c@ANPs) in vivo and in vitro showed
its well property of intelligent controlled release, function of targeted imaging, and potential targeted therapy. The present data indicated that biosynthesized miR-200c@ANPs was equipped with biocompatibility, intelligent controlled release drug, tumor targeting therapy, as well as the visual
function. More, this method may be a promising alternative option for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
Clinical Application of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Combined with Nanocarbon Tracing and Platinum Nanoparticles in Detection and Localization of Sentinel Lymph Node of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Mingjia , Song Deba , Li Xiaoxu , Zhang Xiaojian
Published: October 2022

Objective: To explore the clinical application value of indocyanine green fluorescence combined with carbon nanotracer combined with platinum nanoparticles in the localization of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A total of 90 PTC
patients who received surgical treatment were selected for this research. Indocyanine green fluorescence combined with nano-carbon and platinum nanoparticles was used prior to biopsy. The surgically resected sentinel lymph nodes and other dissected lymph nodes were frozen for pathological
examination, and the related indexes of the two groups were compared. Results: The detection rate, accuracy and sensitivity of SLN in the observation group were significantly higher than that of control group. In addition, the false negative rate was significantly higher in control
group. There was no significant difference in the average number of detected SLNs between the two groups. It was found that the patient’s gender, age, tumor size, tumor multifocality, TNM stage and other pathological parameters had no significant effect on the detection rate and accuracy
of SLN. Conclusion: Indocyanine green fluorescence combined with carbon nanotracer and platinum nanoparticles as a lymph node tracer has good visibility and detection rate of SLN and has high value in clinical application value in SLN biopsy of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Preparation and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Lung Cancer-Targeted Carbon Nanotube Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Authors: Liu Dong , Pan Xuefeng , Zhao Xiaoyue , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2022

Objective: To prepare a carbon nanotube ultrasound contrast agent (MWCNT-PEG-HH) targeting lung cancer and evaluate its targeting effect In Vitro and In Vivo. Methods: The PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-PEG) were synthesized and detected by
infrared spectroscopy; the Hedgehog antibody was attached to the PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes; the morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. On human lung cancer cell line A549, the cellular uptake was detected by flowcytometry, and the intracellular distribution
was observed by confocal microscope; the toxicity and biocompatibility of multi-walled carbon nanotubes were detected by CCK-8 method; ultrasonic imaging was used The instrument was used to evaluate its In Vitro and In Vivo targeting ability In Vitro and in lung cancer
nude mouse xenograft models. Results: The average zeta potential of the prepared lung cancer-targeted carbon nanotube ultrasound contrast agent was (−38.9±4.28 mV). Flowcytometry showed that MWCNT had good uptake ability; confocal microscopy showed that MWCNT-PEG-HH has
a strong ability to target cells; CCK-8 experiments show that the synthesized MWCNT-PEG -HH was non-toxic; the results of contrast-enhanced ultrasound In Vitro and In Vivo show that MWCNT-PEG-HH had good targeting properties. Conclusion: MWCNT-PEG-HH is expected to be
a high-efficiency and low-toxicity nano-ultrasound contrast agent in lung cancer.
Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs Mediated by Zn2+ Nanoparticle Through TRPM7 Signaling Pathway and Resistance to Adipogenic Differentiation Induced by Dexamethasone
Authors: Fu Weimin , Zhang Xiuzhi , Wang Benjie , Xie Hui , Jiang Nannan , Han Shun , Zhou Ke , Ma Yingjie , Qiu Tianshuang , Zhao Dewei
Published: October 2022

Zinc (Zn2+) Nanoparticles have been widely employed for biomedical submissions. Still, its part in the osteogenic distinction of mouse primary (M-prim) bone-marrow-stromal cells (BMSCs) is not completely understood. The transientreceptor-potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) shares
the unique feature of channel permeability to Zn2+. The current study was designed to evaluate the outcome of Zn2+ on adipogenic and osteogenic (Os and Ad) variation of BMSCs via the TRPM7 pathway. Dexamethasone plays a vital part in regularizing insulin sensitization
and adipose tissue (AT) distribution. A series of experimental methods, CCK-8 assays, wound-scratched assay, proliferation studies, and cells migration assays were used to assess the impact of Zn2+ on the Os and Ad variation (Os and Ad-Dif) of M-prim BMSCs. The outcomes showed that
excluding distinct concentration of Zn2+ there were no impressions on osteoblasts and MSCs proliferation. The differentiation, rate of apoptosis and wound area were as insignificant compared with negative control upon employing siTRPM7 with individual Zn2+. The data suggested
that Zn2+ protecting or shielding effects on bone are possibly mediated via modulating variation of BMSCs away from adipocytes via TRPM7 signalling pathway. These outcomes may be helpful for well elaborating the mechanism of Zn2+ effects on bone.
Effects of Titanium Implant Combined with Nano-Indentation in the Vertical Control of Physiological Anchorage Spee’s Wire System Corrective Technology
Authors: Feng Zhe , Ma Tao , Tian Bingxin , Jin Xinxin , Yuan Zilu
Published: October 2022

In the current research, there was, in the vertical control of physiological anchorage spee’s wire system (PASS) technology, an investigation on the role of titanium implant technology in combination with nano-indentation experiment the present research. The human jaw was selected
as the sample to be cut vertically, by doing do, to obtain a test slice of about 2 mm through a cutting machine following the nano-indentation test. The slice was frozen and preserved in normal saline and taken out during the test. 40 outpatients who underwent orthodontic therapy were chosen
as the research objects and rolled in a random manner into a control category and an category of observation. Then, mechanical biological therapy (MBT) correction was conducted for the outpatients from the control category and PASS correction therapy based on the nano-indentation experiment
was for outpatients from the category of observation. Following therapy, the therapy conditions of these two categories were compared, showing that the load was a fixed value and the depth of the indentation was increasing. Under the action of external force, the periodontal ligament might
undergo elastic deformation, changing with duration. Dentition alignment duration, ligation duration, and deligation duration were less for participants in the observation group compared to those in the control category (P less than 0.05). The inclination between the longitudinal plane
of the top central incisor and the sella juncture root point plane (UI-SN angle), the spacing between both the top mandibular teeth margin and the nasal root juncture molar seat point (UI-NA distance), and the angle between the upper and lower central incisor tooth axis and the NA connection
(UI-NA angle) were all significantly less pronounced in the category of observation than in the control category (P less than 0.05). However, the angle of upper and lower central incisor long axis (UI-LI angle) from the category of observation was hugely greater than that of the control
category (P less than 0.05). The value of dental arch width in the category of observation was smaller significantly than the value of the control category (P less than 0.05), and the changes in dental arch width were larger than those in the control category (P less than
0.05). Besides, the measured values of X-ray projections of outpatients from the category of observation were higher at of the control category (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, nano-indentation experiment can accurately match the equipment required in the therapy. The application
of titanium materials combined with the vertical control of PASS correction technology can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of outpatients so as to improve the therapy effect.
Liposomal Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Agonist Reduces Cognitive Impairment of Leukopenia Rats by Inhibiting Hcy Expression Through Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor/Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B (BDNF/TrkB) Pathway
Authors: Zhao Tong , Xie Fang , Zhao Tianqi , Ding Yaning
Published: October 2022

The crucial role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) pathway in regulating learning and memory has already been validated. Occurrence of leukoaraiosis (LA) is closely related to Hcy level. This study mainly explored the significance of liposomal nanoparticle-encapsulated
SIRT1 agonist in modulating cognitive impairment of LA rats regarding Homocysteine (Hcy) level and TrkB pathway. Totally, 40 healthy female rats were collected and assigned into blank, empty vector, SIRT1 agonist, vector+agonist groups for testing the role of liposomal nanoparticle-encapsulated
SIRT1 agonist in cognitive abilities of rats. Besides, expression patterns of SIRT1 and BDNF in hippocampus and Hcy level in plasma were also determined. We observed improved alternation rate in Y-maze test in SIRT1 agonist and vector+agonist groups relative to blank and empty vector groups
(p < 0.05, SIRT1 agonist group < vector+agonist group). Increased RI and reduction in latency were seen in the SIRT1 agonist and vector+agonist groups relative to blank and empty vector groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in the RI between SIRT1 agonist
and vector+agonist groups, as well as between blank and empty vector groups (p > 0.05). Besides, it was evident that the SIRT1 agonist and vector+agonist groups displayed elevated BDNF protein expression but reduced Hcy level (p < 0.05, vs. blank group). The liposomal nanoparticle-encapsulated
SIRT1 agonist has a definite effect on reversing the cognitive impairment in rats with LA by limiting the Hcy level through the TrkB pathway.
Evaluation and Improvement of an Inflow-Nudging Technique for Idealized Simulations of Convective Boundary Layers
Authors: Boyer Christian H. , Keeler Jason M.
Published: October 2022

Recent idealized modeling studies have highlighted the importance of explicitly simulating realistic convective boundary layer (CBL) structures to assess and represent their influence on mesoscale phenomena. The choice of lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) has a substantial impact on these turbulent structures, including the distribution of kinematic and thermodynamic properties within the CBL. While use of periodic LBCs is ideal, open LBCs are required for nonuniform domains (e.g., multiple air masses or land surface types). However, open LBCs result in an unrealistic, laminar CBL structure near the upstream boundary that undoubtedly impacts the evolution of any simulated phenomena. Therefore, there is a need for a modified open LBC option to mitigate this unrealistic structure, while still permitting users to simulate phenomena in nonuniform domains. The Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Cloud Model 1 (CM1), version 19.8, includes an optional inflow-nudging technique to nudge inflow to the base-state wind profile. For the present study, the authors modified this method to one that nudges toward a continually updated, horizontally averaged profile so that the technique may be used for phenomena under evolving conditions. Simulations using LBC choices, including nudging to either the base state or horizontal average, were evaluated relative to respective dual-periodic LBC control simulations with or without vertical wind shear. The horizontal average nudging technique outperformed the traditional open LBCs and nudging to the base state, as demonstrated using a histogram matching technique applied to grid points within the CBL. Ultimately, this work can be used to assist modelers in assessing which LBCs are appropriate for their intended use.
Random Forest Approach for Improving Nonconvective High Wind Forecasting across Southeast Wyoming
Authors: Brothers Matthew D. , Hammer Christopher L.
Published: October 2022

High winds are one of the key forecast challenges across southeast Wyoming. The complex mountainous terrain across the region frequently results in strong gap winds in localized areas, as well as more widespread bora and chinook winds in the winter season (October–March). The predictors and general weather patterns that result in strong winds across the region are well understood by local forecasters. However, no single predictor provides notable skill by itself in separating warning-level events from others. Random forest (RF) classifier models were developed to improve upon high wind prediction using a training dataset constructed of archived observations and model parameters from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Three locations were selected for initial RF model development, including the city of Cheyenne, Wyoming, and two gap regions along Interstate 80 (Arlington) and Interstate 25 (Bordeaux). Verification scores over two winters suggested the RF models were beneficial relative to current operational tools when predicting warning-criteria high wind events. Three case studies of high wind events provide examples of the RF models’ effectiveness to forecast operations over current forecast tools. The first case explores a classic, widespread high wind scenario, which was well anticipated by local forecasters. A more marginal scenario is explored in the second case, which presented greater forecast challenges relating to timing and intensity of the strongest winds. The final case study carefully uses Global Forecast System (GFS) data as input into the RF models, further supporting real-time implementation into forecast operations.
Implementation of machine learning strategies for determination of finite width correction factors for orthotropic plates containing central hole
Authors: Freed Yuval
Published: October 2022

Design of aviation products made of composite materials rely on damage tolerance strength allowables. A common industry practice is the usage of open hole specimens to determine the allowed strain levels for the design. However, if the design introduces a case of an edge distance that is shorter than that of the specimen that was used to determine the strength allowables, a finite width correction factor should be applied to the damage tolerance strength allowables. Such factor depends not only upon the edge distance, but also upon the layup. To this end, a machine learning based methodology is proposed in this study to obtain the finite width correction factor for any given set of layup and geometrical properties. Such approach can efficiently provide an accurate prediction of the finite width correction factor with relatively small amount of test or simulation data. The methodology also includes a procedure to determine the number of required training data points. Three different machine learning algorithms were used in this study, all providing very similar predicted regressions of the entire domain studied. Finite width correction factors carpet plots were produced for IM7/8552 composite, allowing the designer to easily obtain the required correction factor based on the layup and geometrical characteristics.
The Visibility of Digital Money: A Video Study of Mobile Payments Using WeChat Pay
Authors: Greiffenhagen Christian , Li Rongyu , Llewellyn Nick
Published: October 2022

This article analyses situated uses of digital payment platforms, contributing to the sociology of money, and digital sociology. Our data are video recordings of 256 small-scale transactions, gathered from across four Chinese cities, at grocery stores, supermarkets, street markets, restaurants, and cafes. Our focus is the visibility of money in particular circumstances associated with some WeChat payments. In these cases, payment is made visible via a confirmation screen only seen by the customer. We argue that payment applications provide a good empirical site for understanding how digital media reconfigure ‘the social’ by shaping how monetary information is seen and heard. Rather than eliminating trust, reducing transactions to impersonal semi-automated affairs, we show how mobile payments generate new and complex patterns of economic action. A nuanced language game is described that requires sellers to trust customers are acting in good faith. We show how ‘the social’ is imprinted on this contemporary monetary medium.
The Cycle of Cultural Integration: Toward Hermeneutical Justice in the Integration of Psychology and Theology
Authors: Dwiwardani Carissa , Whitney William B.
Published: October 2022

We draw from Miranda Fricker’s theory of epistemic injustice in evaluating the impact of limited cultural diversity within the integration literature. Since culture and social location are frameworks that help us make meaning of the world, failing to actively engage culture in integration is to perpetuate hermeneutical injustice. In this paper, we propose: (1) a theoretical model for actively engaging culture in the integration of psychology and theology, called the Cycle of Cultural Integration (CCI), and (2) practical ways for educators and students to incorporate generational and cultural wisdom that has been embedded among communities of color into interdisciplinary work between psychology and Christian theology.
Roadway Vulnerability Assessment against Hurricanes Using Satellite Images
Authors: Gazzea Michele , Karaer Alican , Ghorbanzadeh Mahyar , Ozguven Eren Erman , Arghandeh Reza
Published: October 2022

Infrastructures such as roadways, power lines, and communications networks play a critical role in our society. However, they are also susceptible to failures, especially those caused by extreme events, quickly affecting large geographical areas. Predicting where and when these failures will occur with high confidence is very difficult because of the stochastic nature of such events. Nevertheless, it is possible to know in advance which areas are more vulnerable and plan accordingly. This paper aims to use remote sensing techniques based on satellite images to detect roadways’ vulnerabilities to hurricanes. Each road is assigned a vulnerability score based on the information retrieved from the satellite image and other geographic information system (GIS) data, which can be used to create a vulnerability map of the area. Both vegetation exposure along the roads and the consequences of the closures are considered in the vulnerability assessment. The study area has been selected in Tallahassee, Florida, U.S., where a high-resolution satellite image was acquired in September 2018, 2 weeks before Hurricane Michael. The findings of this work can help management teams and city responders to identify the most vulnerable regions at risk of disruption and organize resources before the event.
Circular economy approach for sustainable solid waste management: A developing economy perspective
Authors: Mandpe Ashootosh , Paliya Sonam , Gedam Vidyadhar V , Patel Shubham , Tyagi Lakshay , Kumar Sunil
Published: October 2022

The notion of circular economy (CE) strengthens the approach to sustainable development (SD). It is perceived that the adoption of CE can unlock half a trillion dollars of economic value in India by the year 2030. However, embracing the CE concept can be considered a panacea to the existing issues associated with solid waste management (SWM). The proposed study explores current waste management practices and assesses the inadequacy to infer the CE as a solution for successful waste management practices. The work provides an overview of SWM in India and emphasizes the inclusion of CE in the Indian SWM sector. The comprehensive review depicts existing, and emerging waste management approaches to form a CE by processing the waste efficiently and fuelling an SD movement. The cradle-to-cradle approach in CE, national solid waste compliances/legislation, key initiatives taken by the Governments, and the influence of industry and legal framework on CE were also discussed. The work will facilitate policy and decision-makers to include CE in the Indian SWM sector.
Mechanisms of Exclusion: Group Homogenization and Deficit Thinking in Integrated Schools
Authors: Fast Idit
Published: October 2022

School integration and inclusion are important for educational equity, yet inclusionary educational policies often end up being exclusionary in practices. In this article I contribute to our understanding of school level mechanism underlying this process. I draw on 2 years of data collection in a progressive culturally responsive school implementing a voluntary students assignment policy to increase the share of low-income students of color in the school. I show how a conflict with dissenting mothers over gender-unlabeled bathrooms became a conflict over the meaning of inclusion when school leaders applied deficit thinking that saw low-income parents of color as less likely to support the program, despite heterogeneity in dissenting mothers’ background, and how as result dissenting mothers felt excluded from the school community and the needs of transgender students were unmet. These findings have important implications for theory and practice and for creating inclusive schools.
Foreign Technology Transfer, R&D and Innovation: Resolving the Technology–Productivity Conundrum
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Mishra Ritesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of foreign technology transfer and R&D on total factor productivity and labour productivity of Indian firms. The results of production function analysis indicate that foreign technology plays a significant role in output growth. The results of growth the accounting approach also suggest a critical role of foreign technology in the productivity growth of firms. Interestingly, our findings indicate that while R&D does not significantly contribute to productivity growth, it shares a complementary relationship with foreign technology and drives a firm’s productivity. Our findings indicate that firms that engage in R&D and foreign technology transfer have a competitive edge in terms of productivity and output, but the role of R&D intensity cannot be established.
Local Conflicts and Foreign Fighters: The ‘Afghan Arabs’ Phenomena During Afghan Conflict (1978–2021)
Authors: Khalil Ahmad Bilal
Published: October 2022

The emergence of the Afghan Arabs phenomena is the by-product of the Afghan ‘jihad’. The Arabs that mostly came to Afghanistan sought to fulfil a ‘religious’ duty in the form of jihad. This migration process from the Arab countries to the Af-Pak region was in line with the USA, Pakistan, Afghan mujahideen, Arab countries’ policies and volunteering fighters’ personal beliefs.

The Afghan Arabs were not a homogeneous group; they were ideologically and strategically fragmented and had different groups and views. Hence, all Afghan Arabs did not end up in Al-Qaeda. Despite this fragmentation, Afghan Arabs played an essential role in the Afghan conflict, from raising funds to providing volunteer fighters and coverage of ‘jihad’ through their media sources. They also intervened in the affairs of Afghan mujahideen groups. They either sided with the opposing jihadi factions (and later with the Taliban) during the Afghan Civil War or remained silent. In the post-2001 period, their role was limited to technical support and fighting against the ‘common enemy’. In this period, the Taliban’s policy towards Al-Qaeda was to not condemn, not cut ties, to regularise them while officially rejecting their presence.
A Place Called Home: The Sense of Belonging of the Afghan Hindu and Sikh Diaspora in India
Authors: Ghosh Anwesha
Published: October 2022

The Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021 caused a humanitarian catastrophe in the country that triggered en masse exodus of a new wave of Afghan refugees desperate to flee the clutches of the Taliban. Although Pakistan and Iran had traditionally been the two main destinations of refuge for Afghans, yet for some Afghans—especially for the non-Muslim minority communities of Afghanistan, namely the Afghan Hindus and Sikhs—India has always been the foremost destination for refuge. The article aims to understand the experiences of the mentioned communities, as they moved from pre-conflict, to conflict, displacement and finally to the settlement phase in India. Thus, the article throws light on the experiences of Afghan Hindus and Sikhs both in their home and host countries and, in the process, engages with various aspects of the negotiations and marginalisation endured by them. It then strives to explore their sense of belonging at the scales of state, individual and community by discussing the significance and impact of the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, specifically for the members of Afghan Hindu and Sikh diaspora in India. A plethora of research has been produced that focuses on various aspects of India’s relation with Afghanistan, but the issues of the Afghan religious minorities in India remained a neglected topic of scholarly research. This article attempts to remedy this lack of literature by examining the unexplored dimension of India’s engagement and support for Afghan Sikhs and Hindus.
Laws, Policies, and Collective Agreements Protecting Low-wage and Digital Platform Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: MacEachen Ellen , de Rijk Angelique , Dyreborg Johnny , Fassier Jean-Baptiste , Fletcher Michael , Hopwood Pamela , Koivusalo Meri , Majowicz Shannon , Meyer Samantha , Ståhl Christian , Welti Felix
Published: October 2022

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this commentary describes and compares shifting employment and occupational health social protections of low-wage workers, including self-employed digital platform workers. Through a focus on eight advanced economy countries, this paper identifies how employment misclassification and definitions of employees were handled in law and policy. Debates about minimum wage and occupational health and safety standards as they relate to worker well-being are considered. Finally, we discuss promising changes introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic that protect the health of low-wage and self-employed workers. Overall, we describe an ongoing “haves” and a “have not” divide, with on the one extreme, traditional job arrangements with good work-and-health social protections and, on the other extreme, low-wage and self-employed digital platform workers who are mostly left out of schemes. However, during the pandemic small and often temporary gains occurred and are discussed.
Torsional active-passive dampers on rotational machinery
Authors: Paillot Guillaume , Besnier Etienne , Chesne Simon , Remond Didier
Published: October 2022

Recent hybrid control concepts, mixing active control with a fail-safe passive device, have drawn attractivity as they benefit from a theoretical hyperstability, ensuring very high stability margins. However, they have been experimentally tested until now only for the control of bending vibrations. The main purpose of this paper is to prove the performance of such systems also on torsional vibrations, with a specifically designed electromagnetic device, in order to contemplate the possibility to use them also for rotating machinery. As these control laws are model-free and require the adjustment of a few parameters related to the passive damper only, we demonstrate here their ease of integration for an application in rotating machines and we exhibit a direct experimental validation on an academic test bench. The latter which enables this experience despite the peculiarities of the rotation is therefore described, and the torsion reduction permitted by the hybrid control laws is assessed. A comparison between two of the newest hybrid control laws is also provided, proving the robustness and performance of these two hyperstable control laws. The main control parameters have been investigated and the performances are given through classical indicators but also in terms of energy consumption.
A novel intelligent method for inter-shaft bearing-fault diagnosis based on hierarchical permutation entropy and LLE-RF
Authors: Tian Jing , Zhang Yuwei , Zhang Fengling , Ai Xinping , Wang Zhi
Published: October 2022

Since the transmission path of inter-shaft bearing-fault signal is complex, a fault feature extraction method based on hierarchical permutation entropy (HPE) and locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this method, HPE is utilized to extract fault information of signals, and LLE is utilized to reduce and fuse high-dimensional fault features of multi-sensors to construct fault samples. Then, the random forest (RF) model is established to diagnose the faults of the inter-shaft bearings. The fault simulation test rig with the inter-shaft bearing is built to simulate the normal bearing, inner ring fault, outer ring fault, and rolling ball fault, and the data are collected to verify the HPE-LLE-RF fault diagnosis algorithm of inter-shaft bearings established in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can extract the fault features of inter-shaft bearings effectively with a fault diagnosis accuracy of 93.3% without overfit phenomenon.
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Subvariants: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahman Smaranika , Hossain Md. Jamal , Nahar Zabun , Shahriar Mohammad , Bhuiyan Mohiuddin Ahmed , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the most devastating pandemic of the 21st century since its appearance in December 2019. Like other RNA viruses, continuous mutation is common for coronavirus to create several variants and subvariants. The main reason behind this mutation and evolvement of SARS-CoV-2 was its structural spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus has become a threat to global public health due to its high mutation capability and antibody neutralizing capacity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are 5 major variants of concern (VOC) are Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Recently, different Omicron subvariants have gained worldwide dominance, such as BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. However, there is a discernible drop in this symptomatic sickness globally due to the success of numerous monoclonal antibodies and vaccinations. Here we also discussed the currently dominant Omicron subvariants and the effectiveness of antiviral agents and vaccines. Based on the available data and our knowledge, we can suggest that the global healthcare organizations can decide on the declaration of the end of the pandemic phase of COVID-19 soon; however, the covid-19 will continue.