bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Buruh Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu Yang Di Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Saat Masa Kontrak Belum Berakhir Akibat Naiknya Upah Minimum
Authors: Alif Renardi
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper is written who have terminated their work relationship on the basis of an increase in the number of minimum wages when the contract period has not ended which is determined by the government.Indonesia, the minimumwage for workers is always changing, which is guaranteed to increase the increase in wages has been increased. The formulation made by the government has an effect on the company and the workers themselves, which results in the company's inability in the event that the wage provider is unable to pay the wages to the workers, which forces the company to reduce the burden by cutting off the work relationship to some workers for a certain time in the contract period that has not ended, resulting in the emergence of new rights and obligations for the parties. In writing this research, the author uses a normative juridical research method.Keywords: Specified Time Worker; Work Termination; Laborer.AbstrakArtikel penelitian ini membahas tentang pekerja waktu tertentu yang di putus hubungan kerjanya atas dasar kenaikan sejumlah upah minimum saat masa kontrak belum berakhir yang di tentukan oleh pemerintah. Di Indonesia, upah minimum bagi para pekerja selalu berubah ubah yang dipastikan naik setiap tahunya kenaikan upah yang telah dibuat formulanya yang di buat pemerintah membuat adanya efek bagi perusahaan serta buruh itu sendiri yang mana meniimbulkan ketidak mampuan perusahaan dalam hal pemberi upah tidak sanggup membayar upah tersebut kepada pekerja yang memaksa perusahaan harus mengurangi beban dengan cara memutus hubungan kerja kepada sebagian pekerja waktu tertentu di masa kontrak yang belum berakhir yang mengakibatkan munculnya hak dan kewajiban baru bagi para pihak. Dalam penulisan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yang bersifat yuridis normative. Kata Kunci: PKWT; PHK; Buruh.
Tanggung Jawab Pengusaha Atas Pembayaran Pesangon Pekerja Sistem Outsourcing Berdasarkan Prinsip TUPE
Authors: Rachmat Shafinaz Rania
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn running a company, supporting job is needed to reduce the production cost to the operational function of a company. The practice of the outsourcing system is here to provide strategic benefits for the Company. The practice of the outsourcing system is still considered not protecting and guaranteeing the rights of outsourced workers. Therefore, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 27 / PUU-IX / 2011 existed on the material review of the Manpower Law. However, the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision created legal uncertainty regarding rights and obligations, particularly in relation to the calculation of the working period. This study aims to determine the responsibilities of the company regarding severance pay for workers based on the TUPE principle. Because of this transfer, the Employer has passed the responsibility related to the provision of severance pay which is the right of the Workers. Keywords: Outsourcing; TUPE; Employment.AbstrakDalam menjalankan suatu perusahaan dibutuhkannya suatu pekerjaan penunjang baik untuk penekanan anggaran biaya produksi hingga fungsi operasional suatu perusahaan. Praktik sistem outsourcing hadir untuk memberikan manfaat strategis bagi Perusahaan. Praktik sistem outsourcing dirasa masih tidak melindungi dan menjamin hak-hak para pekerja outsource. Oleh karena itu, terbit Putusan MK No. 27/PUU-IX/2011 atas uji materiil terhadap UU Ketenagakerjaan. Namun, dengan terbitnya Putusan MK tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum mengenai hak dan kewajiban khususnya terkait dengan perhitungan masa kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab Perusahaan terkait pembayaran pesangon pekerja berdasarkan prinsip TUPE. Karena adanya pengalihan tersebut, Pengusaha lempar tanggung jawab terkait dengan pemberian uang pesangon yang menjadi hak para Pekerja. Kata Kunci: Alih Daya; TUPE; Ketenagakerjaan.
Penerapan E-Government melalui Sectoral Protocol System guna Mewujudkan Good Governance di Indonesia
Authors: Az Zahro Salsabila Rahma , Nurjanah Neni , Mutmainah Nurul
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe implementation of e-government is an attempt from government to create a public service enforcement that use technology to giving information to people. Still, in it’s implementation, e-government havent’t been done evenly which results in many kind of trouble such as the lack of quality in human resource, insufficient fund, the lack of system standardization, and the lack of socialization from government. This is contrary to Article 28H paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which explain that everyone should get the convenience and special treatment to get same benefits. This research used the method of juridisch normative. The approach used legislation, conceptual, and case study. The data was qualitative data that also use secondary data source. The data collection method was based on library research. In this research, the writer found that e¬-government implementation is still far from maximal. These problem can be resolved with the concept of sectoral protocol system, where the protocol system is used in the implementation of e-government in order to realize good governance.Keywords: Public Service; E-Government; Good Governance.AbstrakPenerapan e-government merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk menciptakan penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik yang memanfaatkan teknologi untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat. Namun dalam implementasinya, e-government belum terlaksana secara merata diakibatkan berbagai permasalahan, seperti kualitas sumber daya manusia yang belum mumpuni, anggaran yang kurang memadai, tidak adanya standarisasi sistem yang digunakan, serta kurangnya sosialisasi dari pemerintah. Hal ini bertentangan dengan Pasal 28H ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang menjelaskan bahwa setiap orang berhak mendapatkan kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus untuk memperoleh manfaat yang sama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu perundang-undangan, konseptual dan studi kasus. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kualitatif yang menggunakan sumber data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa implementasi e-goverment belum maksimal. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan konsep sectoral protocol system, dimana digunakan protocol system dalam penerapan e-government guna mewujudkan good governance.Kata Kunci: Pelayanan Publik; E-Government; Good Governance.
Transparansi Pajak Karbon: Digitalisasi Pajak Karbon Sebagai Katalisator Dalam Pembangunan Rendah Karbon di Indonesia
Authors: Lolo Lawrence Daniel Ferwinz Andi , Maulana Achmad Dhani , Pasaribu Decmonth Nuel
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Indonesian government is designing a carbon taxation instrument through the Draft Law on General Tax Provisions and Procedures (RUU KUP). The carbon taxing targets the fossil energy industry, which is one of the largest emitters in Indonesia. This legal research was conducted with a normative approach by comparatively reviewing the implementation of carbon taxes in several countries. This article aims to review the carbon taxation system for tax subjects in the fossil energy industry sector as an effort to mitigate climate change in Indonesia. This article concludes the importance of carbon tax instruments followed by the concept of tax transparency through digitalization to facilitate the state in monitoring corporate emission activities. With transparency through the digitization of carbon taxes, public checks and balances against the Government will be realized in accordance with Indonesia's low carbon development goals.Keywords: Emission; Digitalization; Carbon Tax; Transparency; Paris Agreement; Low Carbon Development.AbstrakPemerintah Indonesia resmi mengesahkan Undang-Undang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan pada Oktober 2021. Pajak karbon menyasar industri energi fosil, yakni Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) yang merupakan salah satu sumber penghasil emisi terbesar di Indonesia. Penelitian hukum ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan normatif dengan meninjau secara komparatif penerapan pajak karbon di beberapa negara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau sistem pemajakan karbon kepada subjek pajak pada sektor industri energi fosil sebagai upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim di Indonesia. Artikel ini menyimpulkan pentingnya instrumen pajak karbon diikuti dengan konsep transparansi pajak melalui digitalisasi untuk memudahkan negara dalam melakukan monitoring terhadap aktivitas emisi korporasi. Dengan adanya transparansi melalui digitalisasi pajak karbon, check and balances masyarakat terhadap Pemerintah akan dapat terwujud sesuai dengan tujuan pembangunan rendah karbon Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Emisi; Digitalisasi; Pajak Karbon; Transparansi; Perjanjian Paris; Pembangunan Rendah Karbon.
Natural Disaster Identification and Mapping of Tsunami and Earthquake in Indonesia Using Satellite Imagery Analysis (Case Study: Aceh, Palu, and Yogyakarta)
Authors: Jundullah M. Rifqi , Wijayanto Arie Wahyu
Published: February 2022

Remote sensing technology, especially using satellite images, has become essential support in many aspects of decision-making, particularly in disaster risk management. It requires a shorter period of data updates and less cost compared to conventional field observations and surveys. Yet, the intensive processing and high-powered computing resources are necessary to analyze satellite imagery data through Geographic Information System (GIS). In this paper, we introduce the identification and mapping of natural disaster impact in Indonesia using the open-source collaborative tool of Google Earth Engine (GEE) application which analyzes the relative temporal difference of Earth surface from three major satellite images: Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-8. Taking the advantage of the geographical, geological, and demographic conditions of Indonesia's disaster-prone areas, we analyze relative difference from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) out of months before and after natural disaster occurrence to measure the impact of natural disaster in focus study areas. Given the high-vegetation nature of three main natural disaster impacted areas in Indonesia: Aceh, Palu, and Yogyakarta, we are able to simplify the analysis by highlighting areas with vegetative loss or gain after the event. Using an open-source GEE application, namely HazMapper, we identify and visualize the aftermath of the tsunami disaster in Aceh and Palu as well as the earthquake in Yogyakarta. Our study is potentially beneficial for government and decision-makers to utilize publicly available satellite images for disaster recovery and mitigation policy.
Are Microreactors the Future of Biodiesel Synthesis?
Authors: Welter Rosilene , Silva Jr. João , de Souza Marcos , Lopes Mariana , Taranto Osvaldir , Santana Harrson
Published: February 2022

Microfluidic devices or microdevices refer to systems with a characteristic length in the micrometer range. Systems in this size allow handling small quantities of reagents and samples, with reduced residence time, better control of chemical species concentration, high heat and mass transfers, and high surface/volume ratio. These characteristics led to the application of these microdevices in several areas, such as biological systems, energy, liquid-liquid extraction, food, agricultural sectors, pharmaceuticals, flow chemistry, microreactors, and biodiesel synthesis. Microreactors are devices that have interconnected microchannels, in which small amounts of reagents are manipulated and react for a certain period of time. The traditional characteristics of microreactors are less quantities of reagents and samples, high surface area in relation to volume (10000 m2 m-3), reduction of resistance to heat and mass transfer, reduced reaction times, and narrower residence time distributions. In recent years, several studies have been carried out on biodiesel production in microreactors that explore the influence of operating conditions, mixing and reaction yield, numbering, and especially the microdevices design. Despite all the advantages of microreactors, the literature shows that there are only a few applications on an industrial scale. Two main reasons that hinder the adoption of this technology are the scale-up to a large enough volume to deliver the necessary production capacity and the costs related to industrial manufacturing microreactors. It is often stated that large-scale production of microreactors can be easily achieved by numbering-up. However, researches show that an incredibly high number of microdevices would be needed, which results in a technical unfeasibility and a strong impact on the construction costs of the industrial system. The present review aims to show whether microreactors can replace conventional biodiesel production processes and how this replacement technology could be carried out. The current chapter was divided into the following sections: Introduction, Synthesis and Purification of Biodiesel in Microreactors, Fundamentals of CFD, and Fundamentals of Scale-up. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are exposed.
Characeristics of the Physical Changes of Muscovy Duck Eggs During the Natural Hatching Process and their Effect on Hatchability
Authors: Lase Jonathan Anugrah , Rukmiasih Rukmiasih , Hardjosworo Peni Suprapti , Lestari Dian , Sinabang Maria Kristina
Published: February 2022

This research aimed to determine the alteration of physical characteristics of Muscovy duck hatching egg of natural hatching. The information obtained will be used as a reference to modern hatching (artificially). Muscovy ducks as one of a poultry’s meat producer needs to be improved by population breeding with modern hatching. To be able to artificially incubate the eggs and achieve high hatchability, it is necessary to observe the natural hatching by mother duckling. The observation method was on egg shape index, hygiene of eggshell, shell temperature, egg weight loss, and hatchability. Ten mother ducklings were used during brood time with 15 eggs on each duck. The results showed the eggs that successfully hatched in this research had egg shape index equal 73.6%, egg weight loss 9.6%, eggshell temperature 36.9-38.0ºC, and hatchability 86%. The conclusion of this research during the natural hatching, the eggs undergo physical alteration that were egg weight loss, alteration in the eggshell appearance, and the temperature of the eggshell increased from day one to 28 but decreased at the end of the hatching process.
The Effect of Harvest Age on Different Regrowth on Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Forage Yield by Intercropped with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott
Authors: Zaini Nur , Umami Nafiatul , Hanim Chusnul , Astuti Andriyani , Suwignyo Bambang
Published: February 2022

This research was carried out to examine the chicory forage yields on different regrowth which were intercropped with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (dwarf elephant grass) on different regrowth due to various harvest age. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture, Faculty of Animal Science UGM for 7 months, with a split-plot design and analyzed by Duncan with a total of 9 plots and an area of 2.5x2.5 m2 for each plot. The main plot was the harvest age treatment (30, 45, and 60 days) and the subplot was the regrowth (first and second). In the first stage, as many as 9 cuttings of dwarf elephant grass in one plot were planted with a spacing of 1x1 m2 until the plant height reaches 10 to 15 cm, then the chicory seeds were spread among the dwarf elephant grass plants with the sand mixture. The results showed the harvest age had a significant effect (P<0.05) on chicory's plant height, fresh forage yield, dry matter content, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The 30 to 45 days harvest age performed a higher fresh production more than the 45 days to 60 days harvest age. The 60 days harvest age and second regrowth yielded the highest mixed fresh production compared to the other harvest ages, namely from 12.50 ton/ha to 25.26 ton/ha. Based on the research results showed that the older the harvest age (60 days) increased the biomass of plant production but decreased the plant digestibility. The second regrowth was able to produce higher than the first regrowth, but there was no significant effect on the dry matter content and forage digestibility.
Gamma Radiation Effect on Growth, Production and Lignin Content of Sorghum sudanense at Different Harvest Ages
Authors: Delastra Maudi Nayanda , Astuti Andriyani , Suwignyo Bambang , Muhlisin Muhlisin , Umami Nafiatul
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on Sorghum sudanense in the first offspring (F1) on plant growth, production, and lignin content at different harvest ages. This study used a split-plot design in which varieties of Sorghum sudanense with gamma irradiation and Sorghum sudanense without gamma irradiation are the main plot. Meanwhile, the harvest age is the subplot. The planting area was 1.5x1.5 m, each with 3 replications. The materials used were Sorghum sudanense without gamma-ray irradiation and the first generation seeds (F1) of Sorghum sudanense with gamma irradiation. The method used was irradiating Sorghum sudanense seeds with gamma-ray with a dose of 300 Gy, planting, maintenance, and harvesting. The harvest ages were 50, 70, and 90 days. The data observed were plant growth, namely plant height and length, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) production, and lignin content. Sorghum sudanense with gamma irradiation had higher plant height, plant length, also DM, and OM production (P<0.05) than Sorghum sudanense without gamma irradiation. The lignin content of Sorghum sudanense with gamma irradiation was lower (P<0.05) than Sorghum sudanense without gamma irradiation. Longer harvest age increased (P<0.05) plant height, plant length, production, and lignin content. In conclusion, there were characteristics differences between Sorghum sudanense with gamma irradiation and without gamma irradiation (parents). The longer harvest led to higher plant height, length, production, and lignin content. There was an interaction (P<0.05) between varieties and harvest ages. Gamma irradiated Sorghum sudanense had a peak production at the age of 70 days, with a lignin content of 3.63%.
Effect of Different Pre-Freezing Time on Quality of Frozen Fat-Tailed Ram Semen
Authors: Bintara Sigit , Astuti Andriyani , Panjono Panjono , Kusumastuti Tri Anggraeni
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to determining the effect of temperature changes on the sperm quality of fat-tailed sheep during the freezing process using a microcontroller. This study was conducted from April to October 2018 at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science UGM. The study was used twelve mature ram. The methods were conducted by collecting semen using artificial vagina, semen dilution, freezing semen, thawing and semen quality test. The pre-freezing temperature time were grouped for 6, 9, and 12 minutes. Data of frozen semen quality (motility, viability, and abnormality) the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the study was arranged using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The average of spermatozoa motility after semen freezing with a 5 to -140°C decrease in pre freezing temperature for 12 minutes (50±5.3%) was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to 9 minutes (48±4.8%) and 6 minutes (43±4.8%). The average of spermatozoa viability after semen freezing with a decrease in pre freezing temperature of 5 to -140°C for 12 minutes (55±4.7%) was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to that for 9 minutes (52±3.5%) and 6 minutes (49±5.7%). The average of spermatozoa abnormality after freezing with a decrease in pre freezing temperature of 5 to -140°C for 6, 9, and 12 minutes was not significantly different (10±2.4%, 9±0.8%, and 10±0.9%, respectively). Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that semen freezing at a lower pre-freezing temperature of 0 to -140°C for 12 minutes can improve the quality of freezing results.
Association of Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) Gene Polymorphisms with Fatty Acid Traits in Indonesian Native Sheep
Authors: Abdillah Gilang Kurnia , Listyarini Kasita , Harahap Ratna Sholatia , Gunawan Asep , Sumantri Cece
Published: February 2022

A member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily enzyme that play a role in microsomal fatty acids oxidation process encoded by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6). This study aimed to examined the CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms and their association on fatty acid traits in Indonesian native sheep. A total of 299 rams aged 10-12 months with body weights between 20-30 kg used to identify the CYP2A6 gene polymorphism are consisted of 36 samples of barbados cross sheep (BCS), 35 samples of compass agrinak sheep (CAS), 20 samples of javanese fat tailed sheep (JFT), 36 javanese thin tailed sheep (JTT), 20 samples of garut sheep (GS), 45 samples of garut composite sheep (GCS), meanwhile for the fatty acid analysis was carried out by using 107 of loin samples from the total sheep. Identification of the CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms were performed using PCR-RFLP (Polymorphism Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) with the BSmAI restriction enzymes. The amplification product was 286 bp. Polymorphism were found in JFT, JTT, GCS and JS with GG and GT genotypes, while BCS, CAS, and GS were monomorphic with TT genotype. The CYP2A6 BSmAI polymorphism was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for JFT, JTT and JS, while BCS, CAS, GS, GCS, and combined was deviated based on chi square. A SNP g.49170107 G>T of the CYP2A6 gene polymorphism was significantly associated (P <0.05) with only erucic acid (C22:1n9). The GT genotypes had a higher value than GG genotypes The CYP2A6 gene could be used as a selection marker to improve fatty acid traits in Indonesian native sheep.
Preference of Goat Farmers to Agricultural Extension as a Source of Information and Knowledge in Banjarnegara Regency
Authors: Sugiarto Mochamad , Wakhidati Yusmi Nur , Gandasari Dyah
Published: February 2022

Increasing knowledge of farming is essential in increasing goat production in the rural areas of Banjarnegara Regency. Increased knowledge come from many sources, such as extension and non-extension services (other farmers, books, and other government officials). Systematic efforts continue to increase agricultural extension workers' role in providing information and knowledge to goat farmers. This study aims to identify farmers' preference for the agricultural extension as a source of knowledge and analyze the factors that influence the selection of sources of information and knowledge. One hundred sixty goat farmers in Banjarnegara Regency were selected as respondents using a multistage sampling method. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The analysis results showed that most of the goat farmers in Banjarnegara Regency (74.37 percent) preferred obtaining knowledge from non-extension sources. In other words, only a small proportion of goat farmers (25.63 percent) prefer to get information and knowledge from agricultural extension workers. Based on the logistic regression analysis, it was found that goat farmers' education and age of farmers were essential factors (P<0.05) in making decisions related to source in obtaining knowledge on raising goats from the agricultural extension or non-agricultural extension workers. Goat farmers in Banjarnegara Regency who have lower education prefer to get information related to goat farming from non-agricultural extension workers. Meanwhile, younger goat farmers tend to get information from non-agricultural extension workers. Therefore, agricultural extension workers have a more strategic role for goat farmers who have higher education and are more mature with adequate goat farming knowledge.
Health care providers’ perspectives on providing end-of-life psychiatric care between cardiovascular and oncological hospitals: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Kanako ICHIKURA , Shiho MATSUOKA , Hiroki CHIBA , Hina ISHIDA , Yuko FUKASE , Hanako MURASE , Hirokuni TAGAYA , Takashi TAKEUCHI , Eisuke MATSUSHIMA
Published: February 2022

Background: Psychological distress is a serious problem for patients with heart disease or cancer at the end of life. The aim of this study was to compare the barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care in cardiovascular compared to oncological settings.Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted in Japan, we mailed questionnaires to physicians and nurses in 347 oncological and 427 cardiovascular hospitals in March 2018 to assess health care providers’ perspectives. First, we applied the Palliative Care Difficulties Scale and assessed end-of-life psychiatric care difficulties. Second, we asked about barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care in free description. Results: A total of 224 oncological and 213 cardiovascular hospitals responded to the questionnaires. The mean scores of palliative and end-of-life psychiatric care difficulties showed no significant differences between oncological and cardiovascular hospitals. Eight barriers to providing end-of-life psychiatric care were identified and were based on patients’ personal, interfamilial, clinicians’ personal, clinician-patient communication, end-of-life care, psychiatric care, systematic or environmental, and disease-specific problems. In addition, health care providers in cardiovascular hospitals were found to have a significantly higher rate of disease-specific issues compared with oncological hospitals. Conclusions: Both oncological and cardiovascular physicians and nurses have similar difficulties in providing end-of-life psychiatric care. However, health care providers of cardiovascular hospitals particularly experience heart disease-specific problems, such as unpredictability of prognosis or insufficiency of guideline development.
Quantum Kerr- (A) Ds Galilean Myers– Perr Driven Gravitational Transformations for the Anti-COVID-19 RoccuffirnaTM Drug Design
Authors: Grigoriadis Ioannis
Published: February 2022

General methods to quantize reference frame transformations, to a “superposition of coordinate transformations” have been previously introduced on an array of recent observations developed through gravitational amplification of primeval density fluctuations generated in the exceedingly early phase of cosmic evolution. In this paper, we strongly combine machine learning characteristics to Quantum Kerr- (A) dS-Myers–Perry black microBlackHole-Inspired Gravitational for both Euclidean and Lorentzian signatures in Practice. I provide algorithms by means of mean percentile free energy ranking, in a new recall-based evaluation metric for the generation of an anti-COVID-19 small molecule combination of RoccuffirnaTM, RoccuttirnaTM, and EplerotiffirnaTM anti- (nCoV-19) ligands. In this paper, I show that the notion of entanglement and superposition are observer-dependent features in quantum circuit reference frames including Galilean trans formation, and near-horizon symmetries ranging from supergravity theories to Lorentzian cryptographic signatures to enhance the RoccuffirnaTM’s gravity to trap the SARS-COV-2 viruses in practice.
MYL9 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma carcinogenesis, progression and paclitaxel resistance by regulating EMT signals
Authors: Li Rong , Zeng Ruifang , Wang Hanyu , Qiu Yunhui , Zhang Luosheng
Published: February 2022

Background: More than 40% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) come from China, and the incidence rate in South China is extremely high. Poorly differential nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma (PDNSC) is the most common pathological type, while the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the role of MYL9 in the carcinogenesis, progression and chemoresistance of PDNSC, as well as the specific molecular biological mechanisms of pathogenesis and paclitaxel resistance, and to provide a new theoretical basis of targeted drugs for PDNSC. Methods: In this study, Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of MYL9 in PDNSC tissues and cell lines (HONE-1 and SUNE-1), respectively. Moreover, MTT and EdU assays were performed to detect the proliferation function of MYL9 in PDNSC cells; Transwell and Boyden assays were performed to detect the migration and invasion function of MYL9; The IC50 value of paclitaxel was performed to detect the effect of MYL9 on drug sensitivity in PDNSC cells. In addition, Western blot assay was performed to detect the mechanism of MYL9 in PDNSC cells. Results: The results showed that MYL9 mRNA was much higher in PDNSC tissues compared with that in paratumor tissues, and MYL9 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion, while reducing the IC50 value of paclitaxel, in PDNSC cells. Mechanistic study showed that MYL9 knockdown inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signals and downstream chemoresistant factors including ABCG2 and ABCB1. Conclusion: MYL9 is upregulated in PDNSC, and it promotes PDNSC carcinogenesis, progression and paclitaxel resistance via regulating EMT signals and downstream chemoresistant factors, and it may be used as a useful patent of therapeutic target in PDNSC.
Characteristics, Incidence Trends and Survival of Nodular Sclerosis in the United States: A Population-based Cohort
Authors: Sonbol Yousef Tarek , Faisal Bahaa , Aly Nuran K. , Attia Abdelrahman M. , Elmehrath Ahmed O.
Published: February 2022

With nodular sclerosis (NS) being the most common subtype of Hodgkin Lymphoma in Western countries, we aim to investigate incidence rates and trends and survival rates of NS in the last two decades using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. For included patients, we calculated incidence rates, annual percent change (APC) in incidence trends, and performed survival analysis through Kaplan Meier and Cox regression. Our study included 20,216 patients with NS diagnosed between 2000 and 2015, showing that NS incidence decreased over the study period. Unlike previous reports, NS was mostly diagnosed in males. Compared to white patients, black patients had a higher risk of death, which may be due to previously-reported differences in access to care according to patient-related criteria as socioeconomic status and race. This highlights the need of equal access to care, irrespective of patients’ demographic criteria, for more effective management of NS.
Application of Endoscopic Specialty Internet Platform to Continuing Medical Education for Clinical Endoscopes During COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Li Guofu , Yu Tingting , Zhang Lichao , Du Haiming , Zhang Wei , Hou Senlin
Published: February 2022

Background
To explore the use of digestive endoscopy professional Internet platform by domestic endoscopists and its application effect on endoscopists' continuing medical education, analyze the related problems of continuing medical education under this mode, and put forward targeted improvement suggestions.
Methods
Based on the doctor circle app platform, a questionnaire was sent to all members who successfully registered on the Internet platform of Hebei biliary and pancreatic endoscopy diagnosis and treatment alliance. The questionnaire lasted 30 days from the beginning to the end. The questionnaire survey results were collected and counted for grouping comparison.
Results
By the deadline, 703 completed questionnaires had been received. After the registered doctors joined the platform, 469 (66.7%) had a significant impact on their own endoscopic operation level, and 354 (50.3%) felt a significant improvement in the diagnosis level of biliary and pancreatic related diseases. The application effect of the platform on students' continuing medical education was affirmed by the vast majority of registered doctors; The clinical specialty of registered doctors, the length of time they joined the platform, the time they participated in the platform activities each time, and whether they watched the course playback after the platform live broadcast course were the main factors affecting the application effect of continuing medical education (P < 0.05). The time they joined the platform was 6–12 months, and the time they participated in the platform activities each time lasted 1–2 hours, and registered doctors who often watch course playback benefit significantly.
Conclusion
The new model of continuing medical education based on the Internet platform breaks through the constraints of the traditional model and meets the individualized needs of every medical worker to improve their comprehensive level; At present, the outbreak of global COVID-19 makes this learning mode more and more popular among medical workers. We should constantly improve the arrangement of the contents and forms of continuing medical education courses, make the Internet platform better serve the majority of medical workers, and effectively improve the comprehensive quality level of clinicians.
Suicide vs Homicide Firearm Injury Patterns, Weapons, and Mortality: A Study of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB)
Authors: Foote Christopher , Doan Xuan-Lan , Vanier Cheryl , Cruz Bianca , Sarani Babak , Palacio Carlos
Published: February 2022

Background:Firearm related mortality in the USA surpassed all other developed countries. This study hypothesizes that injury patterns, weapon type, and mortality differ between suicide groups as opposed to homicide. Methods:The American College of Surgeons National Trauma Database was queried from January 2017 to December 2019. All firearm related injuries were included, and weapon type was abstracted. Differences between homicide and suicide groups by sex, age, race, and injury severity were compared using a Mann-Whitney test for numerical data and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. The association between weapon type and mortality relative to suicide as opposed to homicide was assessed in Fisher’s exact tests. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.Results:There were 100,031 homicide and 11,714 suicide subjects that met inclusion criteria. Homicides were mostly assault victims (97.6%), male (88%), African-American (62%), had less severe injury (mean ISS 12.07) and a median age of 20 years old (IQR: 14, 30, p < 0.01). Suicides were mostly male (83%), white (79%), had more severe injury (mean ISS 20.73), and a median age of 36 years old (IQR: 19, 54, p < 0.01). Suicide group had higher odds of head/neck (OR=13.6) or face (OR=5.7) injuries, with lower odds of injury to chest (OR=0.55), abdominal or pelvic contents (OR=0.25), extremities or pelvic girdle (OR=0.15), or superficial soft tissue (OR=0.32). Mortality rate was higher for suicide group (44.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 43.9%, 45.7%) compared to the homicide group (11.5%; 95% CI: 11.3%, 11.7%). Conclusions:Suicide had higher mortality, more severe injuries, and more head/neck/facial injuries than homicide. Majority of suicides were with handguns. Level of Evidence: Level IV
Efficacy and safety of CVO PLUS CURATIF capsules, Malagasy improved traditional medication for treating COVID-19 a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Rakotosaona Rianasoambolanoro , Mioramalala Sedera A. , Rakotoarisoa Malala Arinomenjanahary , Rakotondrandriana Antsa , Randrianarivo Emmanuel , Rabetokotany Felana , Rakoto Fanomezantsoa , Razafimandimby Dominique , Ravelo Arsène , Maminiaina Fridolin , Rapelanoro Rabenja , Randriamanantany Zely , Rakotoarivelo Rivo , Alson Olivat Rakoto , Ratsimbasoa Arsène
Published: February 2022

Background There is currently no validated, effective, safe treatment for severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. CVO PLUS CURATIF (CVO+C) is a capsule formulation of two compounds of plant origin with anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities in vitro: artemisinin and 1,8-cineole. These compounds have been repurposed for possible use as an oral treatment against COVID-19. Methods We performed a phase 3 randomized clinical trials on patients over the age of 18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR and mild-to-moderate symptoms. Patients were randomly assigned to receive CVO+C (3 capsules per day) or placebo for 15 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR on day 28 and an absence of severe and serious adverse events. Recovery time, and biological parameters on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the trial were considered as secondary outcomes. The safety outcomes considered were adverse events on treatment. Results In total, 1,576 individuals underwent RT-PCR screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period. Positive test results were obtained for 591 subjects, 339 of whom met the inclusion criteria for this study. The final analysis included 339 subjects: 132 from the CVO+C arm and 144 from the placebo arm. Treatment efficacy differed significantly (p=0.011) between the CVO+C arm (87.1%, 95% CI: 81.3%-92.9%, with 70.45% of patients cured by day 14) and the placebo arm (75.0%, 95% CI: 67.8% - 82.1%), with an OR of 2.25. The median time to recovery was 14 days for the CVO+C group and 21 days for the placebo group. A total of 72 incidences of mild and moderate adverse events, 14 severe adverse events and no serious adverse events were observed in both groups. ConclusionCVO+C was effective for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. None of the patients in the CVO+C arm displayed progression to the severe form of COVID-19. Liver kidney and metabolic functions were preserved in all patients.Trial registration: Registered at Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: (No. PACTR202103601407640, date of approval: 24/03/2021) and approved by the ethics committee of the Ministry of Public Health of Madagascar (approval No. 216 MINSANP/SG/AGMED/CERBM, 17/12/2020)
The Cascade of Hypertension Care in Cambodia: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey
Authors: Chham Savina , Buffel Veerle , Olmen Josefien van , Chhim Srean , Ir Por , Wouters Edwin
Published: February 2022

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and deaths globally. To respond to the high HTN prevalence (23.5% among adults aged 40–69 years in 2016) in Cambodia, the government (and donors) established innovative interventions to improve access to screening, care, and treatment at different public health system and community levels. We assessed the effectiveness of these interventions and resulting health outcomes through a cascade of HTN care and explored key determinants. Methods: We performed a population-based survey among 5070 individuals aged ≥ 40 years to generate a cascade of HTN care in Cambodia. The cascade, built with conditional approach, shows the patients’ flow in the health system and where they are lost (dropped out) along the steps: (i) prevalence, (ii) screening, (iii) diagnosis, (iv) treatment in the last twelve months, (v) treatment in the last three months, and (vi) HTN being under control. The profile of people dropping out from each bar of the cascade was determined by multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of HTN (i) among study participants was 35.2%, of which 81.91% had their blood pressure (BP) measured in the last three years (ii). Over 63.72% of those screened were diagnosed by healthcare professionals as hypertensive patients (iii). Among these, 56.19% received treatment in the last twelve months (iv) and 54.26% received follow-up treatment in the last three months (v). Only 35.8% of treated people had their BP under control (vi). Males, those aged ≥ 40 years, and from poorer households had lower odds to receive screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Lower odds to have their BP under-control were found in males, those from poor and rich quintiles, having HTN < five years, and receiving treatment at a private facility.Conclusions: Overall, people with HTN are lost along the cascade, suggesting limited access to appropriate screening, diagnosis, and treatment and resulting poor health outcomes, especially among those who are male, aged 40–49 years, from poorer households, and visiting a private facility. Efforts to improve the quality of facility-based and community-based interventions are needed to prevent inequitable drops along the cascade of care.
Double Peak Axial Length Measurement Signal in Cataract Patients with Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Chonpimai Pratuangsri , Chirapapaisan Chareenun , Srivannab Sabong , Loket Siriwan , Nujoi Waree , Dongngam Somthin
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of axial length (AL) measurement for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in patients with cataract and epiretinal membrane (ERM).Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in cataract patients with ERM. All subjects were sent for standard optical biometry, prepared for cataract surgery. Signals of AL measurement were detected as double peaks and recorded as AL1 (first peak), and AL2 (second peak). The IOL power was calculated from AL1 and AL2, and reported as IOL1 and IOL2. The IOL2 was chosen for cataract surgery in all cases. Postoperative predictive errors were compared between IOL1 and IOL2. Results: Thirty-seven eyes from 37 patients were included. Mean AL1 was significantly shorter than AL2 (23.13±1.28 vs. 23.60±1.34 mm, p<0.001), resulting in higher power of IOL1 than IOL2 (mean difference was 1.53±0.96 diopters, p<0.001). At 3-months post-operation, twenty-nine eyes (78.4%) (95% CI: 62.8%–88.6%) showed refractive error within ±0.5 diopter and all eyes were within ±1.0 diopter. Postoperative predictive errors including mean arithmetic error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) of IOL2 were significantly lower than those of IOL1 (ME: IOL1 vs. IOL2, -0.94±0.91 vs. 0.08±0.51; MAE: 0.97±0.88 vs. 0.39±0.33 diopter, all p<0.001). Conclusions: AL measurement in ERM can be detected as a double peak signal during biometric measurement. The IOL power calculated from the first and second peak signals are significantly different. However, the IOL power derived from the second peak signal provides better refractive outcomes. The results suggest that the second peak signal represent an accurate AL measurement.
Recyclable Grease-Proof Cellulose Nanocomposites with Enhanced Water Resistance for Food Serving Applications
Authors: Hossain Rakibul , Tajvidi Mehdi , Bousfield Douglas , Gardner Douglas J.
Published: February 2022

Recyclable cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and lignin-containing cellulose nanofibril (LCNF) coated wood flour composites were fabricated using a vacuum-filtration process for food serving applications. The coated cellulose nanofibril composites had excellent mechanical, and oil, and grease barrier properties compared to a commercial container. However, the composites with both LCNF and CNF coating layers had poor performance in wet conditions compared to the commercial container. The addition of 1 wt.% aluminum sulfate (alum) to the CNF and LCNF coating layer significantly improved the water-resistance of the composites. CNF +1% alum coated composites had inferior water resistance and lower mechanical strength in wet conditions compared to the commercial container. However, the LCNF +1% alum coated composites had comparable water resistance and higher wet mechanical properties than the commercial container. The recyclability of the composites was assessed through the disintegration of the samples in water and subsequent reformation, and it was found that the composites were fully recyclable. The composites could fully retain their mechanical and excellent oil and grease barrier properties after each recycling level. These recyclable fully bio-based nanocomposites can be an eco-friendly alternative for currently used food container systems that use harmful chemicals.
Phosphorus application modulates cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by affecting the antioxidant defense system and regulating the expression of iron uptake/transport-related genes
Authors: Shao Guosheng , Huang Qina , An Hua , Chen Jiangmin , Li Xiaolin
Published: February 2022

Exogenous phosphorus (P) application can affect the degree of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants. In this study, a high-Cd accumulating rice cultivar (Fupin 36) was used to investigate the relationship between P and Cd. Pot experiments (hydroponics and soil culture) showed that Cd exposure inhibited increases in plant biomass and interfered with the uptake of nutrient elements. However, application of appropriate levels of P mitigated the deleterious effects of Cd and decreased Cd accumulation in rice, whereas application of a high level of P exacerbated Cd toxicity, indicating that Cd accumulation was P concentration/availability-dependent. Kinetics analysis showed that Cd uptake in the roots was positively correlated with the P absorption pathway. Appropriate levels of exogenous P application increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) and alleviated the effect of lipid peroxidation on plant growth, which ameliorated Cd-associated toxicity. The content of various elements significantly changed in response to P application and Cd stress; Fe accumulation reduced, and the expression of Fe-responsive genes (e.g., OsNRAMP1, OsIRT1, OsYSL15, OsIRO2, and OsNAS2) was altered. These findings indicated that P regulated Cd (im)mobilization by mediating the Fe homeostasis pathway in plants. In conclusion, P contributes to Cd toxicity in rice by modulating antioxidant defense and thus Cd tolerance and by interfering with the Fe uptake-associated pathway (strategy I and II systems). Additionally, appropriate levels of P application can enhance the Cd detoxification process and plant growth and ensure grain production and security.
Is Pollution Haven Hypothesis Valid in Turkey? New Evidence From Fourier Approach
Authors: Cil Nilgun
Published: February 2022

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, which have increased rapidly in almost every region of the world since the late 1980s, have been the subject of long and contentious debates about the costs and benefits for the host country, especially for developing countries. In this context, this study investigates the impact of FDI on environmental quality in the case of Turkey which is developing country, for the period 1970-2016. For this purpose, unlike existing studies, we use Fourier approach that is capable of capturing gradual or smooth shifts, in our empirical analysis. The findings of empirical analysis indicate that FDI has a positive impact on environmental degradation, so Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) is valid for Turkey. Our results reveal the inverted U-shape or the environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. We also find that energy consumption significantly increases environmental degradation in Turkey.