bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The E. coli Global Regulator DksA Reduces Transcription during T4 Infection
Authors: Patterson-West Jennifer , James Tamara D. , Fernández-Coll Llorenç , Iben James R. , Moon Kyung , Knipling Leslie , Cashel Michael , Hinton Deborah M.
Published: June 2018

Bacteriophage T4 relies on host RNA polymerase to transcribe three promoter classes: early (Pe, requires no viral factors), middle (Pm, requires early proteins MotA and AsiA), and late (Pl, requires middle proteins gp55, gp33, and gp45). Using primer extension, RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, single bursts, and a semi-automated method to document plaque size, we investigated how deletion of DksA or ppGpp, two E. coli global transcription regulators, affects T4 infection. Both ppGpp0 and ΔdksA increase T4 wild type (wt) plaque size. However, ppGpp0 does not significantly alter burst size or latent period, and only modestly affects T4 transcript abundance, while ΔdksA increases burst size (2-fold) without affecting latent period and increases the levels of several Pe transcripts at 5 min post-infection. In a T4motAam infection, ΔdksA increases plaque size and shortens latent period, and the levels of specific middle RNAs increase due to more transcription from Pe’s that extend into these middle genes. We conclude that DksA lowers T4 early gene expression. Consequently, ΔdksA results in a more productive wt infection and ameliorates the poor expression of middle genes in a T4motAam infection. As DksA does not inhibit Pe transcription in vitro, regulation may be indirect or perhaps requires additional factors.
Governing Non-Potable Water-Reuse to Alleviate Water Stress: The Case of Sabadell, Spain
Authors: Šteflová Marketa , Koop Steven , Elelman Richard , Vinyoles Jordi , Van Leeuwen Kees
Published: June 2018

The world will experience an estimated 40% freshwater supply shortage by 2030, converting water scarcity into one of the principal global challenges that modern society faces. Urban water reuse is recognized as a promising and necessary measure to alleviate the growing water stress in many regions. The transformation to widespread application of water-reuse systems requires major changes in the way water is governed, and countries such as Spain already find themselves involved in this process. Through the systematic assessment of the city of Sabadell (Spain), we aim to identify the main barriers, opportunities and transferable lessons that can enhance governance capacity to implement systems for non-potable reuse of treated wastewater in cities. It was found that continuous learning, the availability and quality of information, the level of knowledge, and strong agents of change are the main capacity-building priorities. On the other hand, awareness, multilevel network potential and implementing capacity are already well-established. It is concluded that in order to undertake a widespread application of water-reuse practices, criteria examining water quality according to its use need to be developed independently of the water’s origin. The development and implementation of such a legislative frame should be based on the experience of local water-reuse practices and continuous evaluation. Finally, the need for public engagement and adequate pricing mechanisms are emphasized.
HNF4α Regulates CSAD to Couple Hepatic Taurine Production to Bile Acid Synthesis in Mice
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Matye David , Nguyen Nga , Zhang Yuxia , Li Tiangang
Published: June 2018

Cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) converts cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid, which can be further converted by cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) to hypotaurine for taurine production. This cysteine catabolic pathway plays a major role in regulating hepatic cysteine homeostasis.
Furthermore, taurine is used for bile acid conjugation, which enhances bile acid solubility and physiological function in the gut. Recent studies show that this cysteine catabolic pathway is repressed by bile acid signaling, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The
mechanisms of bile acid and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulation of hepatic CSAD expression were studied in mice and hepatocytes. We showed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) bound the mouse CSAD proximal promoter and induced CSAD transcription. FXR-induced small heterodimer
partner (SHP) repressed mouse CSAD gene transcription via interacting with HNF4α as a repressor. Consistent with this model, cholic acid feeding, obeticholic acid administration, and liver HNF4α knockdown reduced hepatic CSAD expression, while liver SHP knockout and apical sodium-dependent
bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor treatment induced hepatic CSAD expression in mice. Furthermore, TNF-α also inhibited CSAD expression, which may be partially mediated by reduced HNF4α in mouse hepatocytes. In contrast, bile acids and GW4064 did not inhibit CSAD expression
in human hepatocytes. This study identified mouse CSAD as a novel transcriptional target of HNF4α. Bile acids and cytokines repress hepatic CSAD, which closely couples taurine production to bile acid synthesis in mice. The species-specific regulation of CSAD reflects the differential
preference of bile acid conjugation to glycine and taurine in humans and mice, respectively.
Prospect: The Future of Critical Tourism Studies: Reflections on the Road Ahead
Authors: Causevic Senija , Minnaert Lynn , Morgan Nigel , Pritchard Annette
Published: June 2018

Since its inception in 2005, Critical Tourism Studies (CTS) has profiled itself as a network of scholars who share a vision of producing and promoting social change in and through tourism practice, research, and education. It has sought to legitimize the critical school of thought in
tourism studies, and to provide an inclusive environment for the alternative voices in the academy. Six CTS conferences later, a vibrant and inclusive network of scholars has emerged, representing a wide range of institutions and tourism interests. Yet as the network matures, the question
has emerged on what the future holds for CTS. Has the network achieved its goals? Has it helped make the academy become more accepting of critical tourism research? Has it remained an inclusive environment for alternative voices in tourism studies? And if it has achieved its goals, does that
now make the network redundant? We reflect here on what lies ahead, and which challenges we face in creating a renaissance in critical tourism studies. We will consider how these ideas can help us in elaborating on the critique of critical tourism studies itself.
The Everyday Instillations of Worldmaking: New Vistas of Understanding on the Declarative Reach of Tourism
Authors: Hollinshead Keith , Suleman Rukeya
Published: June 2018

In this article the authors trace the development of attention that has been given to renovated constructions of Goodman's old concept of "worldmaking," as had been originally used in the arts and aesthetics in the 1970s. They reveal how the subject of worldmaking entered the lexicon
of Tourism Studies at the turn of century through the transdisciplinary/postdisciplinary applications of Hollinshead vis-à-vis understandings of what is normalized and/or naturalized through the everyday/ordinary activities of tourism (and through the mundane/banal orientations of Tourism
Studies, itself). In defining what worldmaking is seen to be nowadays—as those inherited but contested acts of instillation or instillment that version the world (or rather, which privilege certain vistas over peoples, places, pasts, and presents over other visions)—Hollinshead
and Suleman clarify that observers in Tourism Studies have actually been commenting on the essentializing and objectifying political character of the storylines and projections of tourism for a much longer time than the last decade (or couple of decades), although they recognize that
it is only recently that the particular term worldmaking has come into explicit use, itself. Having scrutinized how worldmaking ideas are treated in tourism/Tourism Studies these days, this article then examines how parallel inscriptive fields to Tourism Studies (such as Cultural Studies/Media
Studies/Literary Studies) also richly articulate ideas about worldmaking agency, even though the subject was seemingly adopted rather later in those other domains. It closes with the provision of a number of potential research agendas into the ordinary/everyplace worldmaking instillations
of tourism for researchers (and practitioners) in Tourism Studies, whether their critical mindedness is "pure and conceptual" or "applied and operational."
Planning Vascular Access in Peritoneal Dialysis—Defining High-Risk Patients
Authors: Ferreira Hugo , Nunes Ana , Oliveira Ana , Beco Ana , Santos Joana , Pestana Manuel
Published: June 2018

Background

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective renal replacement technique. However, every year a considerable number of patients are transferred to hemodialysis (HD). Our aim was to identify those at risk, in order to place an arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Methods

Case-control study enrolling all prevalent patients in 2014 and 2015 in our clinic. Groups: 72 case patients who were transferred definitively to HD, 111 control patients (remaining on PD, transplanted, recovered renal function, or deceased).

Results

A total of 183 patients were eligible, with a mean age of 55.2 ± 14.8 years, 56.3% male, 31.1% diabetic, and 49.7% on continuous ambulatory PD. The mean follow-up time was 42.1 ± 25.6 months. Eighty-five patients had an AVF. The groups differed in diabetic nephropathy etiology, and in some PD-related characteristics (Kt/V, creatinine clearance, residual renal function, mean ultrafiltration, natriuretic peptide, peritonitis, hospitalizations, and hypervolemia). In multivariate analysis, Kt/V < 1.7 (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20 – 7.50], albumin < 35 g/L (OR 4.03, 95% CI: 1.26 – 12.92), number of hospitalizations 1 to 3 (OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.15 – 6.53) and 4 or more (OR 10.48, 95% CI: 3.62 – 30.36), and 2 or more peritonitis episodes (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.03 – 6.07) were predictors of PD transfer to HD. In those patients who were transferred to HD, 34 initiated HD by AVF, 2 needed a catheter due to a non-functioning AVF, and 36 did not have an AVF needing catheter placement.

Conclusions

Low Kt/V, low albumin, higher number of hospitalizations, and peritonitis were factors associated with PD transfer to HD, probably indicative of a high-risk PD population where arteriovenous access should be weighed.
Temporal Trends and Factors Associated with Medication Prescription Patterns in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Campos Ludimila G. , Bragg-Gresham Jennifer , Han Yun , Moraes Thyago P. , Figueiredo Ana E. , Barretti Pasqual , Balkrishnan Rajesh , Saran Rajiv , Pecoits-Filho Roberto
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) suffer from a high burden of comorbidities, which are managed with multiple medications. Determinants of prescription patterns are largely unknown in this population. This study assesses temporal changes and factors associated with medication prescription in a nationally representative population of patients on PD under the universal coverage healthcare system in Brazil.

Methods

Incident patients recruited in the Brazilian Peritoneal Dialysis Study (BRAZPD) from December 2004 to January 2011, stratified by prior hemodialysis (HD) treatment, were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between medication prescription and socioeconomic factors. Yearly prevalent cross-sections were calculated to estimate prescription over time.

Results

Medication prescription was in general higher among patients who had previously received HD, compared with those who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) directly on PD. Prescription increased from baseline to 6 months of PD therapy, particularly in those who did not previously receive HD. After accounting for patient characteristics, significant associations were found between socioeconomic factors, geographic region, and medication prescription patterns. Finally, the prescription of all cardioprotective and anemia medications and phosphate binders increased significantly over time.

Conclusion

In a PD population under universal coverage in a developing country, there was an increase in drug prescription during the first 6 months on PD, and a trend toward more liberal prescription of medications in later years. Independent from patient characteristics and comorbidities, socioeconomic factors influenced drug prescriptions that likely impact patient outcome, calling for public health action to decrease potential inequities in management of comorbidities in PD patients.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Adult Patients with Permanent Suprapubic Catheter: A Single-Center Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Al-Hwiesh Abdullah K. , Abdul-Rahman Ibrahiem Saeed , El-Din Mohammad Ahmed Nasr , Al-Hwiesh Amani , Alosail Aisha , El-Salamony Tamer , Al-Audah Nadia , Abdelrahman Abdalla , Al-Audah Nehad , Mansour Hani E. , Al-Otaibi Khalid
Published: June 2018

Background

The aim of this paper was to review the feasibility of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the presence of a permanent supra-pubic catheter over a long follow-up period.

Methods

Twelve patients with automated PD and permanent suprapubic catheters were studied for complications over a period of 10 years.

Results

In all 12 patients, PD went smoothly. Two of our patients required removal of the PD catheter due to peritonitis. The overall rate of exit-site infection throughout the study was 41.7/patient-month and the difference between patients 60 years or older and those 25 years or younger was not significant ( p = 0.3673). The overall peritonitis rate for all patients was 38.3 episode/patient-month, and none of the patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) had peritonitis. All patients with episodes of infection responded well to the proper antibiotics.

Conclusions

The available data supported the feasibility of PD in patients with permanent suprapubic catheters; however, a greater number of patients with a longer follow-up period need to be studied to support our results.
Synthesis of chiral 3-substituted 3-amino-2-oxindoles through enantioselective catalytic nucleophilic additions to isatin imines
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: June 2018

This review collects the recent developments in the synthesis of chiral 3-substituted 3-amino-2-oxindoles based on enantioselective catalytic nucleophilic additions to isatin imines published since the beginning of 2015.
A three-armed cryptand with triazine and pyridine units: synthesis, structure and complexation with polycyclic aromatic compounds
Authors: Lar Claudia , Woiczechowski-Pop Adrian , Bende Attila , Grosu Ioana Georgeta , Miklášová Natalia , Bogdan Elena , Hădade Niculina Daniela , Terec Anamaria , Grosu Ion
Published: June 2018

The aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction based synthesis of a three-armed cryptand displaying 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine units as caps and pyridine rings in the bridges, along with NMR, MS and molecular modelling-based structural analysis of this compound are reported. Appropriate NMR and molecular modelling investigations proved the formation of 1:1 host–guest assemblies between the investigated cryptand and some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons or their derivatives.
Detection of an Optical/UV Jet/Counterjet and Multiple Spectral Components in M84
Authors: Meyer Eileen T. , Petropoulou Maria , Georganopoulos Markos , Chiaberge Marco , Breiding Peter , Sparks William B.
Published: June 2018

We report an optical/UV jet and counterjet in M84, previously unreported in archival Hubble Space Telescope imaging. With archival VLA, ALMA, and Chandra imaging, we examine the first well-sampled spectral energy distribution of the inner jet of M84, where we find that multiple co-spatial spectral components are required. In particular, the ALMA data reveal that the radio spectrum of all four knots in the jet turns over at approximately 100 GHz, which requires a second component for the bright optical/UV emission. Further, the optical/UV has a soft spectrum and is inconsistent with the relatively flat X-ray spectrum, which indicates a third component at higher energies. Using archival VLA imaging, we have measured the proper motion of the innermost knots at 0.9 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.4c, which when combined with the low jet-to-counterjet flux ratio yields an orientation angle for the system of

°. In the radio, we find high fractional polarization of the inner jet of up to 30% while in the optical no polarization is detected (<8%). We investigate different scenarios for explaining the particular multicomponent spectral energy distribution (SED) of the knots. Inverse Compton models are ruled out due to the extreme departure from equipartition and the unrealistically high total jet power required. The multicomponent SED can be naturally explained within a leptohadronic scenario, but at the cost of very high power in relativistic protons. A two-component synchrotron model remains a viable explanation, but more theoretical work is needed to explain the origin and properties of the electron populations.
The Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS). IV. Mass and Age Bimodality of Nuclear Clusters in the Fornax Core Region
Authors: Ordenes-Briceño Yasna , Puzia Thomas H. , Eigenthaler Paul , Taylor Matthew A. , Muñoz Roberto P. , Zhang Hongxin , Alamo-Martínez Karla , Ribbeck Karen X. , Grebel Eva K. , Ángel Simón , Côté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Hilker Michael , Lançon Ariane , Mieske Steffen , Miller Bryan W. , Rong Yu , Sánchez-Janssen Ruben
Published: June 2018

We present the analysis of 61 nucleated dwarf galaxies in the central regions (≲R
vir/4) of the Fornax galaxy cluster. The galaxies and their nuclei are studied as part of the Next Generation Fornax Survey using optical imaging obtained with the Dark Energy Camera mounted at Blanco/Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory and near-infrared data obtained with VIRCam at VISTA/ESO. We decompose the nucleated dwarfs in nucleus and spheroid, after subtracting the surface brightness profile of the spheroid component and studying the nucleus using point source photometry. In general, nuclei are consistent with colors of confirmed metal-poor globular clusters, but with significantly smaller dispersion than other confirmed compact stellar systems in Fornax. We find a bimodal nucleus mass distribution with peaks located at

and ∼6.3. These two nucleus subpopulations have different stellar population properties: the more massive nuclei are older than ∼2 Gyr and have metal-poor stellar populations (Z ≤ 0.02 Z
⊙), while the less massive nuclei are younger than ∼2 Gyr with metallicities in the range 0.02 < Z/Z
⊙ ≤ 1. We find that the nucleus mass (

) versus galaxy mass (

) relation becomes shallower for less massive galaxies starting around 108
M
⊙, and the mass ratio

shows a clear anticorrelation with

for the lowest masses, reaching 10%. We test current theoretical models of nuclear cluster formation and find that they cannot fully reproduce the observed trends. A likely mixture of in situ star formation and star cluster mergers seems to be acting during nucleus growth over cosmic time.
Spectropolarimetric Inversions of the Ca ii 8542 Å Line in an M-class Solar Flare
Authors: Kuridze D. , Henriques V. M. J. , Mathioudakis M. , van der Voort L. Rouppe , Cruz Rodríguez J. de la , Carlsson M.
Published: June 2018

We study the M1.9-class solar flare SOL2015-09-27T10:40 UT using high-resolution full Stokes imaging spectropolarimetry of the Ca ii 8542 Å line obtained with the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. Spectropolarimetric inversions using the non-LTE code NICOLE are used to construct semiempirical models of the flaring atmosphere to investigate the structure and evolution of the flare temperature and magnetic field. A comparison of the temperature stratification in flaring and nonflaring areas reveals strong heating of the flare ribbon during the flare peak. The polarization signals of the ribbon in the chromosphere during the flare maximum become stronger when compared to its surroundings and to pre- and post-flare profiles. Furthermore, a comparison of the response functions to perturbations in the line-of-sight magnetic field and temperature in flaring and nonflaring atmospheres shows that during the flare, the Ca ii 8542 Å line is more sensitive to the lower atmosphere where the magnetic field is expected to be stronger. The chromospheric magnetic field was also determined with the weak-field approximation, which led to results similar to those obtained with the NICOLE inversions.
Effects of Shock and Turbulence Properties on Electron Acceleration
Authors: Qin G. , Kong F.-J. , Zhang L.-H.
Published: June 2018

Using test particle simulations, we study electron acceleration at collisionless shocks with a two-component model turbulent magnetic field with slab component including dissipation range. We investigate the importance of the shock-normal angle θ
Bn, magnetic turbulence level

, and shock thickness on the acceleration efficiency of electrons. It is shown that at perpendicular shocks the electron acceleration efficiency is enhanced with the decrease of

, and at

the acceleration becomes significant due to a strong drift electric field with long time particles staying near the shock front for shock drift acceleration (SDA). In addition, at parallel shocks the electron acceleration efficiency is increasing with the increase of

, and at

the acceleration is very strong due to sufficient pitch-angle scattering for first-order Fermi acceleration, as well as due to the large local component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the shock-normal angle for SDA. On the other hand, the high perpendicular shock acceleration with

is stronger than the high parallel shock acceleration with

, the reason might be the assumption that SDA is more efficient than first-order Fermi acceleration. Furthermore, for oblique shocks, the acceleration efficiency is small no matter whether the turbulence level is low or high. Moreover, for the effect of shock thickness on electron acceleration at perpendicular shocks, we show that there exists the bendover thickness, L
diff,b. The acceleration efficiency does not noticeably change if the shock thickness is much smaller than L
diff,b. However, if the shock thickness is much larger than L
diff,b, the acceleration efficiency starts to drop abruptly.
Magnetic Field Saturation of the Ion Weibel Instability in Interpenetrating Relativistic Plasmas
Authors: Takamoto Makoto , Matsumoto Yosuke , Kato Tsunehiko N.
Published: June 2018

The time evolution and saturation of the Weibel instability at the ion Alfvén current are presented by ab initio particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. We found that the ion Weibel current in three-dimensional (3D) simulations could evolve into the Alfvén current where the magnetic field energy is sustained at 1.5% of the initial beam kinetic energy. The current filaments are no longer isolated at saturation, but rather connected to each other to form a network structure. Electrons are continuously heated during the coalescence of the filaments, which is crucial for obtaining sustained magnetic fields with much stronger levels than with two-dimensional (2D) simulations. The results highlight again the importance of the Weibel instability in generating magnetic fields in laboratory, astrophysical, and cosmological situations.
Evaluation of the Clinical Proficiency of RDTs, Microscopy and Nested PCR in the Diagnosis of Symptomatic Malaria in Ilorin, North-Central, Nigeria
Authors: Shittu Olalere , Opeyemi Olufunke Adenike , Ajibaye Olusola , Omotesho Babagbemi Olumuyiwa , Fakayode Oluwatosin
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND: Accurate laboratory diagnosis of suspected malaria is the hallmark to the control of the disease.AIM: The clinical proficiency of commercial Rapid Diagnostic test kits (RDTs) using nested PCR as quality control was evaluated among patients attending two public healthcare providing institutions in Ilorin, Kwara state, North-Central, Nigeria.METHOD: A cross-sectional evaluation of finger prick blood samples of volunteer patients were accessed for malaria parasites with pLDH, HRP2, Pf, Pf/PAN and nested PCR molecular assays. The data derived were analysed using standard formulae for diagnostic accuracy, and the obtained predictive values were subjected to a comparison with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).RESULT: Three hundred and sixty-eight (368) patients comprising 203 (55%) females and 165 (45%) males participated in this study. Routine microscopy revealed that 54 (32.7%) males and 80 (39.4%) was infected with Plasmodium falciparum. SD Bioline (pLDH) 47.4%; Carestart Malaria (HRP2) 49.8% recorded low sensitivities. Micropoint (pfPAN) 82.8% and Micropoint (Mal. Pf) 64.4% recorded a high sensitivity. SD Bioline (pLDH) 67.4%; Carestart Malaria (HRP2) 85.9%; Micropoint (PfPAN) 62.2% and Micropoint (Mal. Pf) 86.7% had high specificities. The positive predictive value (PPV) ranged from 67.7% to 85.94%, while the negative predictive values (NPV) of 64.4% for SD Bioline (pLDH); 86.7% for Carestart Malaria (HRP2); 89.3% for Micropoint (pfPAN) and 58.5% for Micropoint (Mal. Pf). Agarose gel analysis of P. falciparum ssrRNA gene (206 bp) for 28 specimens containing 10% concordant and discordant samples showed that all 12 negative specimens for RDTs and routine microscopy were truly negative for nPCR. However, the remaining 16 specimens were positive for nPCR and showed discrepancies with routine microscopy and RDTs. Cohen’s interrater diagnostic measure analysis revealed that the weighted kappa for the RDTs was moderate 0.417 (p=0.027), 95%CI (0.756, 0.078) and good for nPCR 0.720 (p < 0.001), 95%CI (0.963, 0.477). The area under the curve (AUC) specify that nPCR has been more effective than the RDTs (nPCRAUC = 0.875; p < 0.001 and RDTsAUC = 0.708; p = 0.063).CONCLUSION: A thorough large-scale quality control is advocated on all commercial RDTs being used in most sub-Saharan African countries. This is to avoid double jeopardy consequent upon misdiagnosis on unidentified positive cases serving as pool reservoir for the insect vector and cyclical infection and re-infection of the populace.
Models of alien species richness show moderate predictive accuracy and poor transferability
Authors: Capinha César , Essl Franz , Seebens Hanno , Pereira Henrique Miguel , Kühn Ingolf
Published: June 2018

Robust predictions of alien species richness are useful to assess global biodiversity change. Nevertheless, the capacity to predict spatial patterns of alien species richness remains largely unassessed. Using 22 data sets of alien species richness from diverse taxonomic groups and covering various parts of the world, we evaluated whether different statistical models were able to provide useful predictions of absolute and relative alien species richness, as a function of explanatory variables representing geographical, environmental and socio-economic factors. Five state-of-the-art count data modelling techniques were used and compared: Poisson and negative binomial generalised linear models (GLMs), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), random forests (RF) and boosted regression trees (BRT). We found that predictions of absolute alien species richness had a low to moderate accuracy in the region where the models were developed and a consistently poor accuracy in new regions. Predictions of relative richness performed in a superior manner in both geographical settings, but still were not good. Flexible tree ensembles-type techniques (RF and BRT) were shown to be significantly better in modelling alien species richness than parametric linear models (such as GLM), despite the latter being more commonly applied for this purpose. Importantly, the poor spatial transferability of models also warrants caution in assuming the generality of the relationships they identify, e.g. by applying projections under future scenario conditions. Ultimately, our results strongly suggest that predictability of spatial variation in richness of alien species richness is limited. The somewhat more robust ability to rank regions according to the number of aliens they have (i.e. relative richness), suggests that models of aliens species richness may be useful for prioritising and comparing regions, but not for predicting exact species numbers.
Book Review: Invasion Dynamics by Cang Hui and David M. Richardson
Authors: Dawson Wayne
Published: June 2018

 
Exploring Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803) phylogeography: cryptic lineages and new insights into the origin of the English populations (Eupulmonata, Stylommatophora, Hygromiidae)
Authors: Pieńkowska Joanna R. , Manganelli Giuseppe , Giusti Folco , Hallgass Alessandro , Lesicki Andrzej
Published: June 2018

Molecular analysis of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA (16SrDNA) as well as nuclear histone 3 (H3) and internal transcribed spacer 2 of rDNA (ITS2) gene fragments together with morphological analysis of shell and genitalia features showed that English, French and Italian populations usually assigned toMonachacantianaconsist of four distinct lineages (CAN-1, CAN-2, CAN-3, CAN-4). One of these lineages (CAN-1) included most of the UK (five sites) and Italian (five sites) populations examined. Three other lineages represented populations from two sites in northern Italy (CAN-2), three sites in northern Italy and Austria (CAN-3), and two sites in south-eastern France (CAN-4). The taxonomic and nomenclatural setting is only currently available for lineages CAN-1 and CAN-4; a definitive frame for the other two requires much more research. The lineage CAN-1 corresponds to the trueM.cantiana(Montagu, 1803) because it is the only one that includes topotypical English populations. The relationships and genetic distances support the hypothesis of the Italian origin of this lineage which was probably introduced to England by the Romans. The lineage CAN-4 is attributed toM.cemenelea(Risso, 1826), for which a neotype has been designated and deposited. Its diagnostic sequences of COI, 16SrDNA, H3 and ITS2 genes have also been deposited in GenBank. Molecular and morphological (shell and genitalia) features showed thatM.parumcincta(Rossmässler, 1834) is a distinct taxon from theM.cantianalineages.
Fondations liquides
Authors: Cooper Melinda , De Roo Priscilla
Published: June 2018

Cet article cherche à comprendre ce qui arrive lorsque les investis – ceux qui ont contracté une dette immobilière ou un crédit – se désinvestissent du contrat déontologique implicite de l’endettement. Que se passe-t-il lorsque ceux qui ont emprunté pour consommer choisissent le défaut de paiement comme une stratégie plus rentable que le remboursement ? Lorsque des incertitudes liées aux contrats ou aux titres de propriété conduisent à des transgressions massives d’attentes de re-paiement ? Lorsque ceux qui sont chargés d’une dette étudiante préfèrent disparaître et se cacher plutôt que faire face à leurs obligations irrémissibles ? Voilà quelques-unes des stratégies auxquelles ont eu recours, en masse, des investis au lendemain de la crise financière de 2008. Cet article tente de montrer que la vision dominante des marchés financiers, une vision monologique, doit être remplacée par une compréhension dialogique des relations entre investisseurs et investis, au sein de laquelle le consensus ne peut plus être traité comme acquis.
La logique sociale de la dérivation financière
Authors: Martin Randy , Citton Yves
Published: June 2018

Cet article propose quelques extraits du livre Knowledge LTD , publié de façon posthume après la disparition précoce de l’auteur. Il ne présente pas les produits dérivés de la finance comme de simples contrats financiers destinés à spéculer sur le prix des risques, mais il montre comment la dérivation financière reconfigure les fondements des échanges économiques, au point de menacer l’unité même de ce que nous appelons encore, de façon désormais obsolète, « l’économie ». Il esquisse de ce fait un réagencement plus large de ce qui constituait autrefois les sphères séparées de l’économie, de la politique et de la culture. Il nous aide ainsi à comprendre la signification sociale des logiques de dérivation financière.
L’avenir de la crypto-finance
Authors: De Roo Priscilla
Published: June 2018

Le pouvoir de la finance ne se limite pas à lever des fonds ou gagner de l’argent. Il constitue aussi une invitation à risquer et à spéculer collectivement pour ouvrir de nouvelles possibilités d’agencement collectif. Pour la majorité d’entre nous, la finance est une pratique prédatrice et extractive, qui prend plus qu’elle ne donne. Mais qu’en serait-il d’une finance fondée sur une logique non pas de la capture et de la prise, mais de l’offre et du don ? Un geste rituel d’offrande – la création d’un intervalle de temps selon la forme dérivée du don – qui initie de nouveaux espaces économiques ?
Formes de vie, milieux de vie
Authors: Bulle Sylvaine
Published: June 2018

Les occupations actuelles, comme celle des universités, des bocages de Notre-Dame-des Landes ou des forêts de Bure sont exemplaires de la recherche d’une politique d’autonomie appuyée sur des formes de vie encourageant la cohérence entre mode de vie, pensée et activité pratique. Une occupation est le fait d’ouvrir une brèche dans le temps et l’espace en explorant des formes variées de vie qui se soustraient de la réalité sociale et du système marchand. L’article expose plusieurs des formes de vie conciliant monde sensible et puissance d’agir, à l’œuvre par exemple dans les ZAD.
La question démocratique
Authors: Ogien Albert
Published: June 2018

Si le système de gouvernement représentatif a perdu une grande part de sa légitimité, c’est que les personnes qui font l’expérience des manières ordinaires d’exercer les droits et devoirs attachés à leur statut de citoyen ont développé une conception du politique qui leur permet de porter des jugements sur l’action des pouvoirs publics, de contester la façon dont ceux-ci assurent le bien commun, et de revendiquer de nouveaux droits. Au lieu de considérer la disparition du consentement aveugle des gouvernés comme une preuve d’infantilisme ou d’irrationalité, il faut y voir l’extension de la vigilance des citoyen.ne.s à l’égard de ceux et celles qui les représentent. Cette vigilance tient sa légitimité de l’idée de démocratie comme forme de vie. La question démocratique, telle qu’elle se pose aujourd’hui, est celle de la reconnaissance de la capacité politique pleine et entière des citoyen.ne.s, à laquelle la pensée de l’antidémocratie s’oppose de façon obstinée. C’est à cette pensée qu’il faut donc renoncer.
Faire advenir des vies possibles
Authors: Bisson Frédéric
Published: June 2018

Toute vie, aussi pauvre et vulnérable soit-elle, est inséparable de l’invention de formes-de-vie. Les formes-de-vie sont des objets ambigus. D’une part, leur mode d’existence est à la fois le possible et l’actuel, le commun et le singulier. D’autre part, l’ambiguïté des formes-de-vie est politique. Le possible en lui-même est un potentiel de liberté, mais il est aussi l’instrument d’un nouveau régime de pouvoir, que cet article caractérise comme un « dynato-pouvoir », algorithmique et digital. Le mouvement #MeToo sert ici de cas d’espèce pour penser l’ambiguïté du possible. L’invention de la « vie extime » exige de prolonger l’histoire politique de la vérité écrite par Foucault.
Bioeconomic analysis of the effects of modifying the trawl extension piece with T90 netting
Authors: Sola Iván , Maynou Francesc
Published: June 2018

We assessed the effect of the European discards ban on the profitability of bottom trawlers in a case study fishery (GSA06, NW Mediterranean) in the transition period 2017-2018, when the species that characterize the fishery, viz. hake and red mullet, fall under the discards ban. We used the results of Sola and Maynou (2018) to simulate the adoption of a modified bottom trawl design using a T90 extension net to reduce the catches of undersize hake and red mullet. Our results show that the economic impact of the former discards brought to land on the fisheries operators is expected to be low, regardless of the possible commercial use of these unwanted catches. Furthermore, the adoption of a more selective bottom trawl design would increase the escape of undersize individuals and likely reduce fishing mortality of the target species, contributing to stock rebuilding and providing higher income to the fisheries operators in the medium to long term.
Semantic Framework for Energy-Aware Resource Management of IoT in Business Processes
Authors: Suri Kunal , Gaaloul Walid , Cuccuru Arnaud , Gerard Sebastien
Published: June 2018

Recently, IoT adoption has increased in several domains. IoT devices are multi-modal and heterogeneous due to their varied properties, standards, and manufactures. This leads to interoperability issues, which can be solved using semantic technologies. Likewise, these devices participate in numerous cross-organizational business processes (BPs). Being resource-constrained, they must be managed in an energy-aware manner to avoid BP failures. However, due to lack of a common ontology and formalization of energy-related concepts impedes their optimal management in BPs. To bridge this gap, the authors capitalize on existing semantic models such as FIESTA-IoT and IoT-BPO. They propose the following: (i) formalization of IoT concepts in BPs related to energy, their properties and constraints, and (ii) resolving resource conflicts based on strategies. The feasibility of this framework is illustrated by evaluating the semantic model for its coverage of concepts from IoT-A reference model, along with proof of concept tools that allows ontology-based support for process modeling.
Students' Use of Online Resources to Enhance Learning Endeavors
Authors: Sulissusiawan Ahadi , Salam Urai
Published: June 2018

Although a relative abundance of studies are published about technology and its potentials in education, there is a marked lack of evidence-based research perspectives depicting what-learners-actually-do in ICT-rich environments. This study examined Indonesian university students' use of ICTs in their independent learning endeavors. It was designed as a multiple case study with two phases, survey and interviews. The data revealed that the students pursued mixed experiences and feelings, both optimistic and distracted when collecting information online. While they enjoyed easy access to information, they felt overwhelmed with irrelevant activities that they called unconstructive learning. Self-regulation became the key success to their learning. Those who could control their exploration would gain maximum results.
Enhancing New Product Development Effectiveness With Internet of Things Origin Real Time Data
Authors: Yerpude Samir , Singhal Tarun Kumar
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this article is twofold. First is to ascertain and establish the collaboration required between different stakeholders in the fundamental process of New Product Development (NPD). Augmentation of the process with the IoT origin real time data to enrich the efficacy of the New Product Development process forms the second part of the study. The primary data is collated from over 100 plus professionals while the qualitative data required for the second part is collated with the help of focused group interviews. The Likert scale with five points was deployed to record the opinions. The empirical analysis supports the theory that an effective collaboration is required between the different entities such as Sales, Marketing, R&D and going beyond the organizational boundaries Suppliers & Customers for the new product to be fruitful and successful in the market. The impact of using the IoT origin real time data on the effectiveness of the New Product Development is evaluated. In the current scenario for an organization to lead the market, it is essential that it has a descent product roadmap and an effective NPD. The current study reveals the importance of the NPD and contributes towards making it more effective with the IoT origin real time data.
Exploring E-Governance of Faculty Evaluation System
Authors: Shaikh Naim , Kumari Sneha , Kasat Kishori
Published: June 2018

Traditional methods of teaching have created several gaps in the Faculty Evaluation System. E-Governance of Faculty Evaluation System is a modern technique which leads to an efficient performance of the education system. Driven by the need for transparency in the system, the aim of this article is to propose a model for an efficient E-Governance of the Faculty Evaluation. The authors have conducted a qualitative study to build up a theoretical model for E-Governance of Faculty Evaluation System. Nineteen enablers are identified from the literature and model has been developed through Total Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach (TISM). The VAXO model, Reachability matrix, binary interaction matrix and transitive links have been explained in the article. The research has developed a model for the Faculty Evaluation System. This is an important concept and is in need at the present hour. This concept could bring equality in faculty employment system and impart quality knowledge to the Education System. This concept can create a novelty in the education system.
Developing an Information Security Risk Taxonomy and an Assessment Model using Fuzzy Petri Nets
Authors: Pramod Dhanya , Bharathi S. Vijayakumar
Published: June 2018

In the digital era, organization-wide information security risk assessment has gained importance because it can impact businesses in many ways. In this article, the authors propose a model to assess the information security risk using Fuzzy Petri Nets (FPN). Deeply rooted in the OCTAVE framework, this research presents a taxonomy of risk practice areas and risk factors. The authors apply the constituents of the taxonomy to risk assessment through a well-defined FPN model. The primary motive of the article is to extend the usability of FPNs to newer and less explored domains like audit and evaluation of information security risks. The unique contribution of this article is the definition and development of a comprehensive and measurable model of risk assessment and quantification. The model can also serve as a tool to capture the risk perception of the respondents for validating the criticality of risk and facilitate the top management to invest in information security control eco-system judiciously.
Critical Care Transport of Patients With Brain Injuries
Authors: Zayas Rachel
Published: June 2018

Critical care transport began in the 1970s as a response to the growing need to be able to transport critically ill and injured patients to tertiary care centers for higher levels of care or specialized treatments. Patients in critical condition now are transported great distances to receive potentially lifesaving treatment and interventions. Modes of critical care transport include ambulances, helicopters, and airplanes. Critical care transport teams consist of highly skilled paramedics, registered nurses, respiratory therapists, nurse practitioners, and physicians. Many patient populations benefit from transfer to a higher level of care via critical care transport, including patients who suffer acute neurologic insult such as spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Boling Bryan , Keinath Katie
Published: June 2018

Acute ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States and worldwide. Despite the development of specialized stroke centers, mortality and morbidity as a result of acute ischemic strokes can and do happen anywhere. These strokes are emergency situations requiring immediate intervention. This article covers the fundamentals of care involved in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke, including essentials for the initial evaluation, basic neuroimaging, reperfusion therapies, critical care management, and palliative care, as well as current controversies. National guidelines and current research are presented, along with recommendations for implementation.
Nurse Practitioners and Interdisciplinary Teams in Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Gigli Kristin H. , Dietrich Mary S. , Buerhaus Peter I. , Minnick Ann F.
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To describe the members of pediatric intensive care unit interdisciplinary provider teams and labor inputs, working conditions, and clinical practice of pediatric intensive care unit nurse practitioners.

Methods:

A national, quantitative, crosssectional, descriptive postal survey of pediatric intensive care unit medical directors and nurse practitioners was administered to gather information about provider-team members, pediatric intensive care unit nurse practitioner labor inputs, working conditions, and clinical practice. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and χ2 tests were used.

Results:

Responses from 97 pediatric intensive care unit medical directors and 59 pediatric intensive care unit nurse practitioners representing 126 institutions were received. Provider-team composition varied between institutions with and without nurse practitioners. Pediatric intensive care units employed an average of 3 full-time nurse practitioners; the average nurse practitioner-to-patient ratio was 1 to 5. The clinical practice reported by medical directors was consistent with practice reported by nurse practitioners.

Conclusion:

Nurse practitioners are integrated into interdisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit teams, but institutional variation in team composition exists. Investigating models of care contributes to the understanding of how models influence positive patient and organizational outcomes and may change future role implementation.
Cutting Edge: Evidence for Nonvascular Route of Visceral Organ Immunosurveillance by T Cells
Authors: Steinert Elizabeth M. , Thompson Emily A. , Beura Lalit K. , Adam Omar A. , Mitchell Jason S. , Guo Mengdi , Breed Elise R. , Sjaastad Frances V. , Vezys Vaiva , Masopust David
Published: June 2018

Lymphocytes enter tissues from blood vessels through a well-characterized three-step process of extravasation. To our knowledge, nonvascular routes of lymphocyte entry have not been described. In this article, we report that Ag-experienced CD8 T cells in mice recirculate from blood through the peritoneal cavity. In the event of infection, Ag-experienced CD8 T cell subsets adhered to visceral organs, indicating potential transcapsular immunosurveillance. Focusing on the male genital tract (MGT), we observed Ag-experienced CD8 T cell migration from the peritoneal cavity directly to the infected MGT across the capsule, which was dependent on the extracellular matrix receptor CD44. We also observed that, following clearance of infection, the MGT retained functional resident memory CD8 T cells. These data suggest that recirculation through body cavities may provide T cells with opportunities for broad immunosurveillance and potential nonvascular mechanisms of entry.