bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recuperación de experiencias de estudiantes en situación de crisis, una historia inmediata
Authors: Liddiard Cárdenas Stefany , Trujillo Holguín Jesús Adolfo , Pérez Piñón Francisco Alberto
Published: September 2021

Mediante la recuperación de experiencias, se muestran los resultados de una indagación enfocada en conocer cómo las estudiantes del último semestre de la licenciatura en Intervención Educativa han identificado y aplicado las competencias de su formación profesional durante el aislamiento derivado por la pandemia del coronavirus COVID-19. En el primer apartado se contextualiza la situación de crisis y la relación con el ámbito educativo a nivel superior, específicamente en una institución formadora de profesionales de la educación en la ciudad de Chihuahua. Posteriormente se delimitan, al interior de la historia inmediata, los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos que cobijan el tercer apartado, en el cual, mediante un modelo interpretativo, se integra una serie de testimonios, dispuestos en concordancia con las competencias que se estipulan en el perfil de egreso de la licenciatura; así mismo se incluyen algunas narrativas sobre el sentir de estas jóvenes ante su actual situación académica. Finalmente se formulan conclusiones sobre las áreas de oportunidad para repensar los fines de la educación, la proyección hacia una nueva realidad en las instituciones de educación superior y los usos de la historia inmediata para dejar evidencia y explicar acontecimientos sin requerir esperar décadas para poder elaborar una historia convencional.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PELATIHAN PEGAWAI KANTOR PERWAKILAN BKKBN PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Banuwa Anisa Kuswandari , Susanti Annastasia Nika
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT: TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS ON OFFICE EMPLOYEES AT THE REPRESENTATIVES OF BKKBN IN LAMPUNG PROVINCEASN competency in Indonesia is an issue that needs serious attention. One of the solutions that can be taken in addressing ASN competency problems is through training. It is very important to conduct a Training Needs Analysis (TNA) before establishing what training and education need to be provided to the ASN. This study aims to determine the right training for employees of BKKBN Representative Office in Lampung Province based on the results of the training needs analysis. The study was conducted on 59 employees. The research data were obtained through TNA questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics analysis The results of the task analysis show that employees need technical training in accordance with the field of their respective work units.  As for the results of individual analysis, the majority of employees need Public Speaking Training as well as Article Writing and Scientific Papers. The results of this study can be a reference for BKKBN Lampung Province in conducting appropriate training for employees so that the effectiveness and productivity of the organization increases.Keywords: Traning neef analysis, office employees of BKKBN in Lampung ProvinceKompetensi ASN di Indonesia menjadi masalah yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius. Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh dalam mengatasi permasalahan kompetensi ASN yakni melalui pelatihan. Sangat penting untuk melakukan analisis kebutuhan pelatihan sebelum menetapkan pelatihan dan pendidikan apa yang perlu diberikan pada ASN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pelatihan yang tepat bagi pegawai Kantor Perwakilan BKKBN Provinsi Lampung berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan pelatihan. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 59 pegawai. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui kuesioner analisis kebutuhan pelatihan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis kebutuhan tugas jabatan menunjukkan bahwa pegawai membutuhkan pelatihan teknis yang sesuai dengan bidang unit kerja masing-masing.  Sementara untuk hasil analisis kebutuhan individu mayoritas pegawai membutuhkan pelatihan Public Speaking serta Penulisan Artikel dan Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi BKKBN Provinsi Lampung dalam menyelenggarakan pelatihan yang tepat bagi pegawai sehingga efektivitas dan produktivitas organisasi meningkat.Kata Kunci: Analisis Kebutuhan Pelatihan, Pegawai Kantor Perwakilan BKKBN Provinsi Lampung
GAMBARAN SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING PADA ANAK YANG MEMILIKI ORANG TUA PENYANDANG TUNANETRA SEJAK LAHIR
Authors: Wau Invokavit Putri , Arianti Rudangta
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT: DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN CHILDREN WHOSE PARENTS WERE BLIND SINCE BIRTH The purpose of this study was to determine the description of subjective well-being in children whose parents were blind since birth. This study uses a case study qualitative approach. The selection of research subjects using snowball. Characteristics of the subjects aged 13 to 18, unmarried, and has parents who are blind since birth. The data collection method uses in-depth interview techniques. The results showed that subjective well-being in children whose parents were blind, includes cognitive evaluation that is life satisfaction and affective evaluation. Subjective well-being aspects on the subject of life satisfaction are influenced by the domain of family, friends, school, job, and future. Their positive affects are happy, proud, and affection. Negative affects that appear are sad and depressed feeling. For further research, it is expected to discuss and compare subjective well-being with other persons with disabilities. Keywords: Subjective Well-Being, Blind Individuals Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran subjective well-being pada anak yang memiliki orang tua penyandang tunanetra sejak lahir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Pemilihan subyek penelitian menggunakan snowball. Karakteristik subyek adalah yang berusia 13 sampai 18 tahun, belum menikah dan memiliki orang tua penyandang tunanetra sejak lahir. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjective well-being pada anak yang memiliki orang tua penyandang tunanetra, meliputi penilaian kognitif yaitu kepuasan hidup dan penilaian afektif. Aspek subjective well-being pada subyek yaitu kepuasaan hidup yang dipengaruhi oleh domain keluarga, teman, sekolah, pekerjaan, dan masa depan. Afek positif yang mereka alami yaitu senang, bangga, dan kasih sayang. Afek negatif yang muncul adalah sedih dan perasaan tertekan. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat membahas dan membandingkan subjective well-being dengan penyandang disabilitas lainya. Kata Kunci: Subjective Well-Being, Tunanetra
INCLUSIVE MUSIC EDUCATION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Gajdošíková Zeleiová Jaroslava
Published: September 2021

The Slovak educational system went through several changes the last 20 years, and these changes affected also the structure of music education. The aim of this paper is to point out the changes in educational system, stated in different national school documents, in the context of innovations and changes in musical education. The author analyses predominantly music education in the specialized primary school system, namely in primary art schools. They are positively evaluating as favourable influence of music education on meaningful exploitation of free-time, in connection with prevention of socially unwanted phenomena, its influence on full-value exploitation of children´s free-time, observation and extension of components of regional culture in teaching and active share on cultural life of cities or villages, presentation in cultural undertakings, activity of various chamber ensembles in which pupils exploit and improve acquired abilities when practically playing in collective.
Key words: educational system in Slovakia, music education, music therapy, primary art schools.
SELECTED FACTORS AFFECTING GIRLS’ PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION IN KENYA
Authors: Kipkulei Benjamin C. , Chepchieng Micah C. , Chepchieng Mary J. , Boitt Lydia M.
Published: September 2021

The girl child participation in primary school level of education has become a real concern in all nations of the World particularly in the developing countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya included. Girl child education worldwide provides benefits to the family and the society at large thus factors affecting it should be addressed for the sake of human and societal development. The objective of the study was to establish the factors affecting girls’ participation in primary schools in Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated the effect socio-economic, socio-cultural and school -based factors have on a girl-child’s participation in primary school education in Kenya. In some parts of Kenya, there is low girls’ participation in primary school education thus the interest in establishing the factors that may be contributing to this problem. This was considered crucial as Kenya strives to achieve basic Education for All by 2015. The study employed a survey design. 210 girls drawn from primary classes 6, 7 and 8 participated in the study. The simple random technique was used in the selection of the sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data that were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). The findings of the study revealed that socio-economic, socio-cultural and school related factors affect girls’ participation in primary schools in Kenya. In effect, unless these factors are expeditiously addressed, primary school girls will continue to be disadvantaged in the Kenya’s school system. This will frustrate the world’s efforts in attaining basic education for all by 2015. The study therefore recommended that the Ministry of Education in Kenya should create awareness to all education stakeholders on the importance of girl child education in the country. It was also recommended that a large scale study involving sub-Saharan Africa developing nations experiencing low girls' participation in education be carried out to falsify or corroborate the findings.
Key words: education, factors, girls’ participation, socio-economic, socio-cultural, school-based.
Geochemical characterization of the Sutlegen bauxite deposit, SW Antalya
Authors: Atakoglu Ozge Ozer , Yalcin Mustafa Gurhan
Published: September 2021

Purpose.The purpose is to determine geological and geochemical characteristics of the Sutlegen (Antalya, Turkey) bauxites, to identify the elements that played a major role in their formation. Methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineral phase analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis, plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the petrographic and mineralogical analyses, and multivariate statistical methods were used. Findings. The major element content of the ore was determined as Al2O3 (60-35.2 wt%), SiO2 (39.5-0.2 wt%), Fe2O3 (48.4-19.5 wt%), TiO2 (36.9-16 wt%), and P2O5 (0.5-0.1 wt%). The Sutlegen region, which shows epirogenetic action with the uplift of the earth's crust, is generally rich in neritic carbonates. It was revealed that the bauxite ores have undergone moderate and strong laterization as a result of the deferruginization in the environment, and they were classified into four groups as lateritic, ferritic, kaolinitic, and bauxite. The increase in the aluminosilicate minerals, which were formed during the formation of bauxite in the environment was found to be directly proportional to the laterization processes. In this context, it was considered that the lateritic material that was firstly formed in the environment filled the cavities and pores of the karst-type limestones and sedimentary units in the region by superficial transfer phenomena. The bivariate diagrams of Log Cr vs. Log Ni revealed that the bauxite that formed in the region had an ultrabasic source. Originality. In literature, no scientific studies have been found on bauxite mineralization in the Sutlegen deposits that have been operated for a long period. Practical implications. In this context, the geochemical characteristics of bauxites revealed that the source of the laterization process in the region was the ultrabasic igneous rocks. The lateritic material moved by superficial transfer was accumulated on sandstone, claystone, siltstone, and limestone and in karstic cavities; then, it formed karstic bauxite (kaolinitic and bauxite) of different classifications due to the effect of metamorphism.
Stratification and Assessment of Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Ali Md Haidar , Rahman Md Ashikur , Mille Mariam , Rahman Ashiqur , Jafri Mohammad Hasan
Published: September 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health concern. The adverse outcome of CKD are high in number in developing countries due to scarcity of facilities for renal replacement therapy and high cost of services for management of ESRD. It is one of the leading cause of hospital deaths. CKD is strongly associated with diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis and elevated lipids.  Therefore, identifying the preventable risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms and stratification of CKD helps in decreasing and slowing its progression. This study was conducted for the staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and assessment of the risk factors with CKD in hospitalized patients of Dhaka Medical College Hospital in collaboration with Medicine and Nephrology department. This was a cross sectional observational study where 125 patients having chronic kidney diseases (CKD) were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examinations and investigations, who had fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria admitted in the department of medicine and department of nephrology from January to December 2016. Sampling method was purposive sampling. A specifically designed questionnaire were used to get the personal and medical history data. Blood and urine samples were collected and data was analyzed using SPSS (22.00). Out of 125 patients, no Stage-1 patient was found, remaining were   Stage- 2 CKD 7.2%, Stage- 3 CKD 63.2%, Stage- 4 CKD was 25.6%,  and  Stage- 5 CKD was 4%. Among 125 participants, 52.0% had glomerulonephritis (GN), 31.2% had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 9.6% had hypertension (HTN). Mean age was 48.41 (±13.99) years, mean body weight was 50.61 (±10.73) Kg, mean BMI was 22.9 (±1.69), male female ratio was 3.6:1.  Age group 51 to 60 years were suffering more. The association between CKD and other risk factors including obesity and overweight, use of tobacco, diabetes and hypertension were highly significant. The commonest risk factors for CKD like DM and HTN are also alarmingly high and obviously adding to the existing burden of CKD. Early detection of the risk factors of CKD, early referral to nephrologist, appropriate treatment of hypertension, DM, GN and other risk factors, life style modification with specific emphasis on reduction in salt intake, physical exercise, and abstinence from smoking would retard progression of kidney disease to an advanced stage.
Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 19-24
Study on Effect of Magnesium Sulfate as Tocolytic Agent
Authors: Khalil Nazma , Halim Kazi Shafiqul , Ummon Israt Jahan
Published: September 2021

We face many problems in diagnosis, monitoring and adopting treatment policy.There are very limited studies about preterm labour prevention in our country and few national data are available about the incidence of preterm labour. Acute tocolysis prevents preterm labor for 48 hours, which is the critical period for antenatal steroid administration or maternal transfer to perinatal centers to improve neonatal outcomes. This prospective study was conducted. To determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate as tocolytic agent in preterm labour to arrest the premature onset of labour. A total of 90 primigravid and multigravid with preterm labour was included in this study at 250 Beded General Hospital Tangail from January 2012 to December 2015. The mean age of the respondents was 24.13±4.67 year. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 122.47±12.64 and 71.67±12.67 mm of Hg respectively. Gestational age did not influence on the outcome of treatment with Tocolytic regime. Out of 90 pregnant women, 70% were anemic, 53.3% had vaginal bleeding and 76.7% had abdominal pain. Among 90 respondents only 6 women had premature rupture of membrane and about 40% had inadequate amniotic fluid. The three treatment regime (Antibiotic+ Tocolytic+ steroid) was found indifferent in terms of affectivity. Preterm labour is not a very uncommon pregnancy-related complication. This study evaluates, the effect of magnesium sulphate as tocolytic agent.
Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 25-29
Primary Tracheal Papilloma: A Case Report
Authors: Haque Md Hasanul , Siddique Belayat Hossain , Naha Abirvab , Sattar Abdus , Sultana Nigar , Rahman HM Mustafizur , Palash Habibur Rahman , Akter MS Sharifa
Published: September 2021

Solitary papilloma in the respiratory tract is a rare benign epithelial tumor which is complete surgical excision of the current standard treatment for this type of tumor. Here a case of solitary tracheal papilloma treated by surgical resection is reported. Due to rarity and non-specific symptoms, tracheal papilloma always subjected to misdiagnosed and suffer from delayed treatment. In this case, a forty two years male has been presented with a recurrent non-productive irritative cough, a progressive shortness of breath, expiratory stridor and occasional hemoptysis. The patient was previously diagnosed as a case of bronchial asthma by a Pulmonologist and wrongly treated as well. CT scan revealed an intraluminal tracheal mass arises from the right side of the tracheal wall opposite c6-c7 vertebrae. The tumour was removed by endoscopic excision. The histopathological result confirms the diagnosis of squamous cell papilloma. No complications occur during surgery and no recurrence was observed in six months after surgery on followup.
Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 44-47
Evaluation of the effectiveness of handwashing training given to paramedic students remotely
Authors: Oktay Mehmet Murat , Boğan Mustafa , Sabak Mustafa , Gümüşboğa Hasan
Published: September 2021

Background and objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected face to face medical education and training activities around the world. The aim of this study was to provide remote practical handwashing training to health sciences students and to measure the effectiveness of the training provided and to create a feedback model.

Methods: Students of the Paramedic department were included in the study. Two virtual classrooms were created via Zoom Video Communication system. An 11-step handwashing algorithm was developed. Two hours of remote handwashing training was given. Participants were asked to apply the handwashing application they learned at their own location and to record videos. Application videos were evaluated and scored.

Results: A total of 135 Term-1 and Term 2 students of the Paramedic department participated in the study. The duration of the evaluated videos was on average 57.67 ± 12.69 (34-95) seconds. Fifty-five (40.7%) of the participants successfully completed all the steps and their average success score was 10.3 ± 0.67 (8-11). The most failure (33.3%) in the process steps was the 9th step in which the wrists are rubbed with soap.

Conclusion: Suitable teaching and feedback methods are required for medical and health science students who receive education and practical training remotely from home.

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(2): 18-25
Red blood cell profile in patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19
Authors: Layla Khushbhun Nahar , Yeasmin Shahanara , Azad Afrina Binte , Chowdhury Masba Uddin , Sultana Nasrin , Muhammad Shazedur Rahman Abul Fazal Shah , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizur , Rafa Rukaia Labiba
Published: September 2021

Background and objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people world-wide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Increasing evidence has shown abnormalities of different hematological parameters with the severity of the diseases. The present study was undertaken to determine the red blood cell (RBC) profile in different categories of COVID-19 patients.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 cases. Blood samples were analyzed by Automated Hematology Analyzer for hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count and RBC indices. ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test, Chi square test, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient test were performed as applicable using SPSS version 25.0.

Results: A total of 100 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients were included in the study. There were 25, 38 and 37 mild, moderate and severe cases respectively. The mean age of the study participants was 44.68 + 13.16 years (range: 18 to 65 years). There were 67 (67%) males and 33 (33%) females. No significant difference in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), total RBC count, red blood cell distribution width (CDW) was observed among the three groups. Significant negative correlation of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); rs-0.362 & -0.255 respectively) was observed with disease severity.

Conclusion: The study showed low MCV and MCH were significantly related with the severity of the COVID-19 illness. Therefore, comprehensive analysis of the RBC profile would be helpful to understand the disease course.

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(2): 26-31
Empirical analysis comparing the tele-objective structured clinical examination and the in-person assessment in Australia
Authors: Felthun Jonathan Zachary , Taylor Silas , Shulruf Boaz , Allen Digby Wigram
Published: September 2021

Purpose: It aimed to compare the use of the tele-objective structured clinical examination (teleOSCE) with in-person assessment in high-stakes clinical examination so as to determine the impact of the teleOSCE on the assessment undertaken. Discussion follows regarding what skills and domains can effectively be assessed in a teleOSCE.Methods: This study is a retrospective observational analysis. It compares the results achieved by final year medical students in their clinical examination, assessed using the teleOSCE in 2020 (n=285), with those who were examined using the traditional in-person format in 2019 (n=280). The study was undertaken at the University of New South Wales, Australia.Results: In the domain of physical examination, students in 2020 scored 0.277 points higher than those in 2019 (mean difference=–0.277, P<0.001, effect size=0.332). Across all other domains, there was no significant difference in mean scores between 2019 and 2020.Conclusion: The teleOSCE does not negatively impact assessment in clinical examination in all domains except physical examination. If the teleOSCE is the future of clinical skills examination, assessment of physical examination will require concomitant workplace-based assessment.
Introduction: The Mirror of Language
Authors: Bou Ali Nadia
Published: September 2021

The introduction situates the study of the modern love of Arabic in the context of modernity. It particularly engages with Mustapha Safouan’s analysis of the relationship to authority in the modern Arab world. The introduction asks how does ‘voluntary servitude’ translate to a problem of signification in and of language?
Piercing the Bull’s Eye: The Sexual (Non-)Relation
Authors: Bou Ali Nadia
Published: September 2021

Shidyaq wrote in an era when capitalism had already made its way into the Ottoman Empire. Scribal work was already an inheritance to be refused, the discourse of the master was in recession and the crumbling  symbolic order presented itself at every corner: in the home, where cultural practices of generosity impoverished his family; and most importantly in the traditional schools (kuttab), where learning grammar washarder than ‘scratching your own balls’.Rejecting the impotent work of scribes and grammarians, Shidyaq invoked metaphors of ejaculation to describe his version of linguisteriks. The writing of his pen is described as a ‘cut’ (shiq al-qalam): an incision into the symbolic sphere, from which a sense of pleasure is derived,2 yet one that does not satisfy. Instead of the rampant seraglio, the paradise of pure enjoyment, the liberalising sphere of empire is experienced as a zone of impotence, a place in which pleasure can no longer be derived from coitus, if it ever has been.
Hiraeth and Ambiguous Pastorals: Wales, England and Rural Modernities between the Wars
Authors: Hopkins Chris
Published: September 2021

Chris Hopkins traces the ways in which the relationship between past and present, rural and urban, arises in specific forms in Welsh culture and history, but is then (re)presented to English (and other Anglophone) readers and audiences as an ambiguous pastoral narrative about the supplanting of the rural by the modern is a story of both loss and consolation. Hopkins’s argument is driven by the question of how, despite hiraeth’s [nostalgia’s, yearning’s] specifically Welsh roots, so many English readers and audiences during the interwar period were attracted to popular texts which presented them with stories of Wales as a nation and region with strong associations to the rural past and industrial modern. Close readings focus on periodicals Wales and Welsh Review; novels by Jack Jones, Lewis Jones, and Eiluned Lewis; travel guides by Rhys Davies and Eiluned and Peter Lewis; and plays by Emlyn Williams and Richard Llewellyn.
Altered Countrysides: Paul Nash, David Jones and Eric Ravilious in Wartime
Authors: Summers-Bremner Eluned
Published: September 2021

Many interwar English artists sought comfort from their experiences of World War I in renditions of rural landscape that were also occasions of advance-mourning for future international conflict. Three of these painters—Paul Nash, David Jones, and Eric Ravilious—are the subjects of Eluned Summers-Bremner’s chapter. It explores how, in Nash’s work, natural land forms are made into modern historical agents, and in Jones’s into de-temporalised signs of modernity’s engagement with the rural. In contrast, Ravilious’s interwar and early wartime landscapes might be said to enact the estrangement of the rural by modernity. The chapter argues that in images of the rural by these three artists, all impacted by English wars, landscape is visibly altered by composition and method as much as by modernization. Through formal close readings it becomes clear that we are not looking at a product of rural nostalgia but at something more prescient and unnerving.
Rural Modernity in a Time of Crisis: Preservation and Reform in the Books of B. T. Batsford
Authors: Lowe Peter
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines publisher B. T. Batsford’s popular ‘English Heritage’ and ‘Face of Britain’ series, focusing on their subject matter, the range of authors commissioned to write for them (including such figures as H. J. Massingham, Dorothy Hartley, S. P. B. Mais, and Edmund Vale), the books’ graphic art, marketing, and overall interpretation of the challenges facing the rural world. Peter Lowe describes the transformation of an oppositional view of the rural/modern relationship into a less conservationist, more reformist position by 1945. He argues that the books played a significant role in the construction of an idea of English/British cultural identity that proved vital to the nation’s defence. At the same time, wartime events enabled Batsford authors to adopt a more conciliatory tone on the issue of post-war rebuilding. Ultimately, conflicts over rural modernity were subsumed into larger debates about exactly which ‘Britain’ was to survive into the twenty-first century.
Intelligence for an American Century: Creating the CIA
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

This chapter is an introduction to US intelligence mechanisms before the CIA was created. The focus is on Civil War and codebreaking mechanisms in the First World War. Most of the chapter focuses on changes to the US intelligence community. Analysis of the historic record shows that change began in July 1941 with the creation of the office for the Coordinator of Information soon evolving into the Office of Strategic Services. Key figures in the evolutionary process such as William J. Donovan, Roosevelt and Truman are studies within. It also includes discussion of changes between cessation of hostilities and passing of the National Security Act, 1947, which created both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. Document: Dulles-Jackson-Correra Report.
A ‘Gangster Act’: The Berlin Tunnel
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on CIA activity in Berlin and the construction of the Berlin Tunnel with their British counterparts, also known as Operation Gold and Stopwatch. The aim was to intercept USSR communications, by digging a tunnel from the US sector of West Berlin. Bill Harvey was the central figure for the CIA. The chapter also details quite how close the US and UK were operational in this Operation, and the closeness in sharing of technology, and knowledge built upon mutual trust and recognition of expertise. The operation was betrayed. Operation Gold was compromised almost immediately by George Blake, a British intelligence officer, told the USSR. However the USSR did not use the opportunity to mislead the US and UK by sharing disinformation. Blake was too valuable. Document: The Berlin Tunnel Operation 1952-1956
Able Archer and the NATO War Scare
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

Able Archer 83 was one in a series of NATO exercises designed to test processes, troop movements, secondary missions and tactical nuclear strike against chosen Soviet Bloc targets. The Soviets grew fearful that it was cover for an actual assault. The situation was precarious, perilously close to what generations of analysts considered the most likely cause of a hot war: miscalculation. Fortunately British intelligence had recruited a Soviet intelligence officer, Oleg Gordievsky, who could provide crucial insights, allowing for leaders to offer reassurances and tode-escalate. Documents: Indicators to recognize adversarial preparations for a surprise nuclear missile attack; Implications of Recent Soviet Military-Political Activities.
Introduction
Authors: Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S. , Dylan Huw , Gioe David V. , Goodman Michael S.
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents the chronology of the book from the CIA’s origins in 1947 to nearly the present day. It offers a brief outline of what, how and with whom the CIA operates to enable US leaders to make policy choices. It also dispels myths of CIA actions by using declassified information with author analysis to provide key context. It introduces a mix of case studies; looking at the evolution of the organisation and key people that have shaped it, as well as the more traditional and well known cover action activities.
Greek Cinema and Migration, 1991-2016
Authors: Phillis Philip E.
Published: September 2021

Greek Cinema and Migration examines the ways in which the cinema of Greece has responded to the post-1990s phenomenon of becoming a host country for immigrants. The book focuses mainly on migration from Albania that dominated social discourse and cinematic representation in the 1990s and 2000s, but also sheds light on cinematic responses to the mid-2010s ‘refugee crisis’. Placing contemporary Greek cinema within the context of European film production and transnational cinema, the book explores the fascination of Greek filmmakers with migration, mobility, borders and identity between 1991 and 2016. With case studies such as The Suspended Step of the Stork (1991), The Way to the West (2003) and many more, Greek Cinema and Migration provides an in-depth understanding of contemporary Greek cinema and its direct correlation to the country’s struggles to implement European modernity. It tackles important questions on identity and representation, highlighting the role of migrants as constitutive ‘others’ who help to redefine national identity in times of encroaching globalization. The book raises in addition important questions on representations of migrants and refugees in film and mainstream media, focusing primarily on the role of migrant-related violence and its links to both humanitarianism and the agenda of the Far Right which gained a strong footing in crisis-era Greece. The author thus argues that migrants and refugees appear as either perpetrators or victims of violence in an intolerant host society, strengthening thus the role of stereotypes – both negative and positive.
Cinematic Realism
Authors: Aitken Ian
Published: September 2021

This book explores the subject of cinematic realism through a long Introduction which covers general notions related to cinematic realism, and then through close analysis of book chapters written by Siegfried Kracauer and Georg Lukács. The theories of Edmund Husserl and Henri Bergson are also covered. The long Introduction attempts to set out a model of cinematic realism based on a philosophical realist and ‘externalist’ position. This is followed by an introductory chapter on Bergson, which serves as a foundation for the following four chapters, which cover the work of Lukács. The same structure is then repeated for Kracauer: an introductory chapter on Husserl is followed by four chapters on Kracauer.
Nationalist Unionism
Authors: Torrance David
Published: September 2021

This chapter sets the scene by tracing the evolution of the United Kingdom between the 1530s and 1922, while putting the terms ‘Unionist’ and ‘Nationalist’ into historical context. It goes on to discuss theories of unionism, including James Mitchell’s description of the UK as ‘a state of unions’ and Jim Bulpitt’s concept of a ‘territorial code’ managed by the Conservative and Unionist Party during the 20th century. Graeme Morton’s phrase ‘unionist nationalism’ is then introduced to emphasise that unionism and nationalism have long existed on a spectrum rather than as polar opposites. There is also a discussion of nationalism in its ‘civic’ or ‘cultural’ forms.
‘Every Scotsman Should Be a Scottish Nationalist’
Authors: Torrance David
Published: September 2021

The ‘nationalist unionism’ of the Scottish Unionist Party, as formed in 1912 via a merger of Liberal Unionists and Conservatives in Scotland, is then closely examined as the first of several political party case studies. After explaining the historical circumstances which gave rise to the party, its early statements of Scottish ‘nationality’ and identity are analysed. Although the party’s nationalism had an ethnic element (opposition to Irish immigration), the chapter argues that it was mainly ‘civic’ in nature. It goes on to discuss how the party sought a ‘compromise’ with a more radical Home Rule movement by promoting ‘administrative devolution’ within the United Kingdom. It did so by depicting Scotland as a distinctive part of the Union whose traditions and identity required protection from Anglicising forces.
The Liberals and ‘Scottish Self-Government’
Authors: Torrance David
Published: September 2021

This chapter looks at the originators of ‘nationalist unionism’, the Scottish Liberal Party. For much of their electoral ascendancy between 1832 and 1922, Scottish Liberals presented themselves as the natural party of Scottish interests, and as defenders of its distinct identity and traditions. But although Liberals advocated Home Rule (or devolution) for Ireland after 1886, the party was equivocal as to legislative devolution for Scotland, something that frustrated its more radical members. Only when the Liberals lost office in 1922 and declined as a party was its nationalist unionist rhetoric accompanied by unequivocal pledges in favour of a Scottish Parliament, something it helped achieve towards the end of the 20th century.
The SNP and ‘Five Continuing Unions’
Authors: Torrance David
Published: September 2021

This chapter flips the book’s analysis and looks at the ‘unionism’ of the Scottish National Party, which after 1942 supported the secession of Scotland from the UK. A speech made by Alex Salmond in 2013 is used as a means of examining different strands of the party’s unionism following its formation in 1934. First was the SNP’s attachment to some form of supra-national authority, initially the British Empire and later the European Union; second was defence co-operation via NATO; third was a form of monetary union as advocated by the Scottish Government during the 2012-14 referendum campaign; fourth was a long-standing SNP commitment to the 1603 Union of the Crowns, or retention of the Queen as head of state in an independent Scotland; and fifth was what Alex Salmond called a ‘social union’ between the ‘peoples of these islands’.
“What can we do to make the picture better?”
Authors: Salzberg Ana
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores the implications of the MGM restructuring, specifically in relation to Thalberg’s focus on retakes. Thalberg had established the process to ensure the quality of a given film, asking, “What can we do to make the picture better?” The chapter reframes that abiding question as part of a broader reflection on Thalberg’s shifting production style and role at the studio in these last years of his life. At this time, Thalberg sought to improve upon his own cinematic oeuvre, effectively “retaking” his thematic concerns and visual style in historical epics Mutiny on the Bounty (Lloyd, 1935) and Romeo and Juliet (Cukor, 1936). The chapter concludes with a discussion of two of Thalberg’s unfinished projects: the film Marie Antoinette (Van Dyke, 1938), which set in motion Norma Shearer’s challenges in carrying on her husband’s legacy; and the plans for Thalberg’s own production studio.
Magic shoes: Dorothy, Cinderella, Carrie
Authors: Ezra Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

The stories of Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz (Fleming 1939) and Cinderella focus on magic slippers that can only be worn by the ‘right’ person. In various cinematic versions of Cinderella (most notably the 1911 Méliès version), the Prince tries the glass slipper on the feet of a number of ‘wrong’ women before finding the perfect match in Cinderella. In both The Wizard of Oz and Cinderella, as in more recent films that invoke these narratives such as Sex and the City (1998), shoes are a commodity associated with rites of passage and, ultimately, with power. This essay examines the economy of magic shoes, symbolic exchange, and sexual difference, arguing that these films are as much about shopping and the act of trying on as they are about finding one’s feet in a male-dominated world.
Multimodal Participation and Engagement
Authors: Jacknick Christine M.
Published: September 2021

Traditionally, teachers and researchers have looked for student participation in moments when teachers provide interactional space for it – this book takes a more holistic approach, examining how learners are participating (or not) throughout classroom interaction. It looks beyond turn-taking to consider participation as a multimodal phenomenon, including actions such as posture and gaze. It also expands the scope of classroom conversation analysis in three ways: 1) by focusing on student actions 2) by incorporating multimodal analysis, and 3) by examining both language learning contexts and non-L2 classrooms. In doing so the book uncovers how the identity of ‘being a student’ is enacted and provides implications for practice, teacher education and observation including emphasis on teacher interactional awareness and reflective practice.
Oscar Wilde and the Radical Politics of the Fin de Siécle
Authors: Ó Donghaile Deaglán
Published: September 2021

Oscar Wilde’s political identity informed his literary writings, which were motivated by his revolutionary outlook as much as they were driven by his Paterian “passion for sensations”. Addressing his radical engagements with anarchism, socialism and anticolonial thought, this monograph provides a new interpretation of Oscar Wilde’s aestheticism and of his major works by emphasising the importance of progressive politics to his positioning and self-identification within late Victorian literary culture. Consisting of previously unpublished material, it provides a politicised and historicised account of Wilde’s key works by situating them within the framework of his very pronounced – but to date critically under-recognised and as yet untheorised - ideological commitment to these radical political causes. This book interprets Wilde’s better-known works against the important political contexts addressed in his correspondence, reviews, lectures and journalism, and through his personal relationships with contemporary radicals.
Epilogue: Between Immersion and Critique – Thoughtful Reading
Authors: Fessenbecker Patrick
Published: September 2021

Let’s take a step back. In the introduction, I sought to demonstrate some of the ways in which formalism has become instinctive in literary criticism, using several different genealogies. The first briefly surveyed some current thinkers, including Franco Moretti, Caroline Levine, Jonathan Kramnick and Anahid Nersessian, who assert that formalism is constitutive of literary study and a distillation of the best elements of its scholarly history. The second looked at how formalism had emerged as a contrast to methods based on reading for the content and ideas of literary texts, considering first a trajectory up to the New Criticism and Cleanth Brooks’s diagnosis of the heresy of paraphrase and subsequently an arc away from it, one through Fredric Jameson and Jacques Derrida that maintained the suspicion of literary content. And the third looked at the scholarship that formed the ‘ethical turn’, which similarly refused to read for the moral thought in literature, preferring to emphasise the ethical effects of form. All the while, though, there has been a sort of normal science of literary criticism that largely refused the insistence on form and was willing to let its scholarship rest with attempts to bring authors into conversation with issues that the critics cared about. That school of criticism has never received the dignity of a formal title, and I concluded by suggesting that it deserved one. Moreover, I argued, the moral thought in Victorian narratives offered a useful example in this regard, since it is a literary tradition deeply concerned with communicating an important message, and subsequent traditions in moral philosophy offer useful resources for clarifying the ideas such authors had....
Big Data, Consequentialism and Privacy
Authors: O’Hara Kieron
Published: September 2021

This chapter applies a Weberian analysis to developments in big data. O’Hara argues that just as Weber noted a move from the pre-modern to the modern with the advent of bureaucracy, so we are now entering a time of digital modernity. The focus in digital modernity is less the present (what is happening now) as the subjunctive (what could happen), governed by data. This, he argues, gives data a central role in governing for both good and ill.
Trust and Algorithmic Opacity
Authors: McKinlay Steve
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, McKinlay argues that the use of big data algorithms introduces a key problem in terms of epistemic opacity. Opacity in various forms is an issue which many authors identify as posing problems for democratic functioning and accountability. In McKinlay’s case, the argument focuses on the impact that epistemic opacity has on our ability to trust non-human agents. He holds that while the outputs of big data-derived decisions can be significant for citizens, where we do not have the ability to understand how these decisions were made, we cannot ultimately trust the decider. Decisions based on mere probability are not, he argues, sufficiently grounded for democratic systems and risk harming citizens.
Opacity, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Democratic Processes
Authors: Alvarado Ramón
Published: September 2021

Alvarado provides a detailed examination of different kinds of opacity in algorithms, raising the problems of “many hands” (where to attribute responsibility in complex systems), error assessment, and path complexity. In the process, he offers the reader a demystified understanding of how big data computational methods function and suggests ways in which opacity threatens fundamental elements of the democratic process.
Big Data Analytics and the Accessibility of Public Inquiries
Authors: Garnett Philip , Hughes Sarah M.
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, Garnett and Hughes focus on the role of big data in accessing information from public inquiries. Looking at the Chelsea Manning court martial in the US and the Leveson Inquiry in the UK, they argue that the manner in which information pertaining to inquiries is made public is, at best, unsatisfactory. They propose a variety of means to make this information more accessible and hence more transparent to the public through employing big data techniques.
New Blood in Contemporary Cinema
Authors: Pisters Patricia
Published: September 2021

Since the new millennium, a growing number of female filmmakers have appropriated horror aesthetics for their films. In this book Patricia Pisters investigates contemporary women directors such as Ngozi Onwurah, Claire Denis, Lucile Hadžihalilović and Ana Lily Amirpour, who put ‘a poetics of horror’ to new use in their work. In this way they expand the range of perspectives relating to gendered as well as racialized themes of the horror genre. Exploring such themes as rage, trauma, sexuality, family ties and politics New Blood in Contemporary Cinema takes avenging women, bloody vampires, lustful witches, scary mothers, terrifying offspring and female Frankensteins. By following a red trail of blood, the book illuminates a new generation of women directors who have turned the camera inward to reveal mental landscapes of pain and sorrow that translates in a poetics and aesthetics of horror, thus enlarging the general scope and stretch the emotional spectrum of the genre.
Specters of World Literature
Authors: Mattar Karim
Published: September 2021

This book draws on Edward Said, Aamir Mufti, Jacques Derrida, and world-systems theory to address the institutionalized construct of “world literature” from its origins in Goethe and Marx to the present day.  It argues that through its history, this construct has served to incorporate if not annul local literatures and the concept of “local literature” itself, and to universalize the novel, the lyric poem, and the stage play as the only literary forms appropriate to modernity.  It demonstrates this thesis through a comparative reading of the reinscription of the classical Arabic-Islamic concept of “adab” as “literature” in the modern, European sense in Egypt, Turkey, and Iran in the 19th to mid-20th centuries.  It then turns to the Middle Eastern novel in the global contexts of its production, translation, circulation, and reception today.  Through new readings of novels and other literary works by Abdelrahman Munif, Naguib Mahfouz, Orhan Pamuk, Azar Nafisi, Yasmin Crowther, and Marjane Satrapi, and with reference to landmarks of Middle Eastern and world literary history ranging from the Mu‘allaqāt and Alf Layla wa Layla to Don Quixote, it argues that these texts—like “world literature” itself—are constitutively haunted by specters of the literary forms and traditions, of the life-worlds that they expressed, cast aside by modernity.  In the case of the Middle Eastern novel, it is adab and all that it encompassed in the classical Arab-Islamic world that is suppressed or othered, but that spectral, yet returns in new, genuinely worldly constellations of form.