bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional analysis of lung epithelial cells using WGCNA revealed the role of IRF9 and IFI6 genes in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
Authors: Karami Hassan , Derakhshani Afshin , Fereidouni Mohammad , Miri-Moghaddam Ebrahim , Baradaran Behzad , Silvestris Nicola , Paradiso Angelo Virgilio , Safarpour Hossein , Summa Simona De
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing global health emergence, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis to comprehensively characterize transcriptional changes in bronchial epithelium cells (NHBE and A549 cells) during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our analysis identified a network highly correlated to COVID-19 pathogenicity based on MX1, IFIT1, ISG15, IFI6, DDX60, IRF9, PARP9, PGLYRP4, IL36G, SAA2 and IL-8 hub genes. The results also indicated a unique transcriptional signatures of infected cells including IFI6 and IRF9 as novel gene candidates and suggested their prospective mechanism in COVID-19 pathogenesis. The result of hub genes enrichment showed that the most correlation topic in biological process and KEGG were type I interferon signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, cytokine mediated signaling pathway, and defense response to virus categories which all play significant roles in restricting viral infection. Also according to the drug-target network, we recognized 54 FDA-approved drug candidates for other indications could potentially use for the treatment of COVID-19 patients through regulation of six hub genes of the co-expression network. Our findings also showed that the 19 experimentally validated miRNAs regulated the co-expression network through 5 hub genes (SLC19A3, FAM13A, PLA2G16, and HRASLS5). In conclusion, these hub genes had potential roles in the translational medicine and might become promising therapeutic targets further in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are needed to evaluate the role of above mentioned genes in COVID-19.
Complex electron and positron phases at the Φ-Factory DAΦNE
Authors: Balzo Gianluigi Zangari del
Published: May 2020

Particle accelerators play a fundamental role in many technological and scientific fields, both for fundamental research, as in the case of high-energy physics, and for interdisciplinary applications, such as in the case of synchrotron radiation sources or proton accelerators in medical field. Most accelerators have a critical frequency in the X-ray region: for example, in the case of the Φ-Factory DAΦNE at Frascati National Laboratories, λc falls into soft X-rays, for a wavelength of about 6 nm. This feature is important for diagnostic applications that generally employ frequencies in the visible region, where it is easier to design focusing optics. This work concerns the discovery of a time-domain "anomaly" in the Infra-Red synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons and positrons from both the DAΦNE Φ-Factory (Frascati National Laboratories, Italy) and HFL (Hefei Light Source at NSRL(National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, People’s Republic of China). The study was conducted with an unconventional statistical category calculus system, developed and patented by the present author for the analysis of complex systems. The "anomaly" has been resolved in the IR synchrotron radiation emission profile of each single bunch of electrons and positrons, in two distinct waveforms, one of which is "delayed" by a few hundred of ps with respect to the other. A detailed and in-depth analysis excludes that the anomaly is the result of systematic errors The measured time differences between the two signals leads to an apparent discrepancy in the value of the speed of light in vacuum. A study of the anomaly with time series, based on considerations about the coherent emission of synchrotron radiation (CSR), allows us to exclude the validity of the "rigid bunch" model (J. Schwinger 1945) We therefore propose a model called "CFNM" (Coherent Fractal Nematic Mesophase), based on considerations of statistical mechanics of complex systems, exploiting the (strong) analogies with the nematic mesophase of liquid crystals. This model could have significant consequences in the study, modeling and measurement of the operating parameters of future machines and collectors of accelerators, in particular with regard to emission and brightness.
Modelling global public health strategies in COVID-19 pandemic using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hyunjung Kwak Gloria , Ling Lowell , Hui Pan
Published: May 2020

Rationale: Unprecedented public health measures have been used during this coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic but with a cost to economic and social disruption. It is a challenge to implement timely and appropriate public health interventions.Objectives: This study evaluates the timing and intensity of public health policies in each country and territory in the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether machine learning can help them to find better global health strategies.Methods: Population and COVID-19 epidemiological data between 21st January 2020 to 7th April 2020 from 183 countries and 78 territories were included with the implemented public health interventions. We used deep reinforcement learning, and the model was trained to try to find the optimal public health strategies with maximizing total reward on controlling spread of COVID-19. The results proposed by the model were analyzed against the actual timing and intensity of lockdown and travel restrictions.Measurements and Main Results: Early implementation of the actual lockdown and travel restriction policies were associated with gradually groups of less severe crisis severity, relative to local index case date in each country or territory, not to 31st December 2019. However, our model suggested to initiate at least minimal intensity of lockdown or travel restriction even before index cases in each country and territory. In addition, the model mostly recommended a combination of lockdown and travel restrictions and higher intensity policies than the implemented policies by government, but did not always encourage rapid full lockdown and full border closures.Conclusion: Compared to actual government implementation, our model mostly recommended earlier and higher intensity of lockdown and travel restrictions. Machine learning may be used as a decision support tool for implementation of public health interventions during COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Family-focused quality of life assessment and its implications for children’s social welfare: an ecological validity context
Authors: Grubliauskienė Jūratė , Vaičekauskaitė Rita , Babarskienė Jurgita
Published: May 2020

The relationship between the quality of life and social welfare is of shared taxonomy, therefore it is difficult to define unambiguously. It is hard to imagine social welfare without the quality of life, but in order to put the quality of life into practice, we need the context of social welfare. For children’s social welfare, family and the way it creates quality of life is central. However, we lack instruments to evaluate children’s quality of life with family-focused approach. For  that purpose, we introduce KIDSCREEN52 survey with 1763 children (aged 8-18 years old) and 1564 parents. Moreover, we raise the question of ecological validity, firstly, because there is a need to develop measurements that are closer to real life situations, in order to productively contribute to the ensuring of children’s social welfare.
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT WITH Nd-Fe-B MAGNETS
Authors: Kutsevlyak Valerii , Starikov Vladyslav , Samofalov Volodymyr , Starikov Vadym
Published: May 2020

The aim. The development of methodology for experimental and theoretical assessment of interaction forces between magnets in an orthodontic apparatus, the test of corrosion resistance of protective oxide and nitride coatings deposited on Nd-Fe-B magnets surface.

Materials and methods. The Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with saturation magnetization Ms≈1100 G and bilayer ZrN / ZrO2 coatings were used. To experimental measure of interaction forces between magnets the device was assembled on the base of analytical balance. The distance between the magnets was varied using non-magnetic plates. The ZrO2 and ZrN coatings have been analyzed for their corrosion properties in 0.9 % NaCl quasi-physiological solution.

Results. An original method was proposed for calculating of magnetic interaction forces for materials with high magnetic anisotropy, which has good agreement with experimental measurement of forces. The theoretical model takes into account the size of the magnets and the mutual influence of their opposite faces. An increase of corrosion resistance of magnetic materials can be provided by zirconium oxide or nitride compounds, which contribute to inhibition of electrochemical corrosion of Nd-Fe-B magnets.

Conclusions. A method for calculating of interaction forces between permanent magnets, which are used for correction of malocclusion in orthodontic, has been developed. The passivation of the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets surface can be achieved by applying of bilayer ZrN / ZrO2 coating.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL EXTRACTION CONDITIONS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ACORUS CALAMUS LEAVES
Authors: Yaremenko Maksym , Gontova Tetiana , Boryak Liudmyla , Mala Olga , Andryushayev Oleksiy
Published: May 2020

From the beginning of its existence and until now, interest in herbal remedies has only grown. Not surprisingly, medicinal herbs are a source of unique combinations of biologically active components that are capable of exhibiting significant pharmacological effects. One of these medicinal plants is Acorus calamus (sweet flag), whose rhizomes have long been used in official and folk medicine, cooking and cosmetology. However, recent studies point to the considerable potential of the aerial part of Acorus calamus as a novel herbal remedy, which is associated with the presence in the leaf of the plant, in addition to essential oil, a considerable amount of substances of phenolic nature.

The aim of the research was to determine the optimal conditions for the removal of phenolic compounds from the leaves of Acorus calamus and to determine the technological parameters of raw materials.

Materials and methods. During the research, samples of raw materials collected on the territory of Kharkiv region were used, as well as methods that are given in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.

Result. As a result of the research, the extraction conditions at which there was highest content of the extraction of biologically active substances were determined. The extractant, the degree of grinding of the raw material and the optimum extraction time were selected, which allowed to extract almost 80 % of the quantitative content of flavonoids from the raw material. The main technological parameters of Acorus calamus leaves were also determined. The obtained results will be the basis for the development of the technology of obtaining phyto-substance from the leaves of Acorus calamus.

Conclusions. The selection of optimal extraction conditions of biologically active compounds from Acorus calamus leaves was carried out. The obtained results show that in order to obtain extracts with the maximum content of biologically active substances (flavonoids), it is advisable to use raw materials with a particle size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, as an extractant 70 % alcohol and an extraction time of 4 hours.
Organic, Planned or Both: Alserkal Avenue: An Art District by Entrepreneurial Action in an Organic Evolutionary Context
Authors: Nouvel Damien D.
Published: May 2020

While Dubai's urban scene is dominated by planned and pre-designed developments, grassroots initiatives have always been present and have helped shape the trajectory of the city's evolution. In one case, an industrial area, Al Quoz, has seen the clustering of art businesses over a relatively
short period turning it into a cultural destination. Accounting for most of such clustering, Alserkal Avenue became Dubai's art hot-spot that changed the cultural map of the city. This article describes the rise of Alserkal Avenue, not only as the result of the entrepreneurial action of the
proprietors but also as a product of a complex melange of economic, cultural, and urban evolutionary processes that intertwine with the rise of the city itself.
Hypotensive glaucoma therapy and neuroprotection
Authors: Zhuravleva A. N. , Zueva M. V.
Published: May 2020

Most modern antihypertensive drugs used in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma have an indirect neuroprotective effect not only because they reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), but also because of a stimulating effect on the natural metabolic processes in the eye. Researchers and clinicians today follow the strategy of compensating IOP, starting from the earliest stages of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON), regardless of which drug (generic or original) reduces IOP and which combination of the main active substances this drug has. The need for neuroprotective therapy in clinical practice mainly appears either in the far advanced stages or in cases of progressive loss of visual functions. However, given the multifactorial nature of GON, it is extremely important to add neuroprotective treatment in time, starting from the early stages. Electrophysiological and morphometric studies can provide objective monitoring of neuroprotective therapy. In order to increase the effectiveness of treatment, hypotensive therapy should be supplemented by early use of direct neuroprotectors targeted at oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity and affecting other molecular mechanisms of glaucoma so as the primary events of neurodegeneration could be blocked.
Features of CO2-laser application in surgical treatment of chronic cicatrical stenoses of the larynx
Authors: Vavin V. V. , Nazhmudinov I. I. , Davudov Kh. Sh. , Garashchenko T. I. , Davudova B. Kh. , Magomedova K. M. , Khoranova M. Yu.
Published: May 2020

The aim of the review is to identify current possibilities of carbon dioxide laser application in microsurgical treatment of chronic laryngeal cicatricial stenoses. Currently, laser endolaryngeal surgeries are one of the main standards in surgical treatment of patients with this laryngeal pathology, including when providing high-tech assistance. Various types of lasers and methods of surgical treatment of the larynx are used. The choice of these methods is primarily determined by the opinion of the operating surgeon. The review highlights the principles of laser surgery in general, and when using carbon dioxide laser in particular. The use of micromanipulators makes it possible to combine the work of carbon dioxide laser with the operating microscope, affecting target tissues noninvasively with maximum precision. This technology makes it possible to expand the range of surgical manipulations in endolaryngeal surgeries. The main operating modes of the carbon dioxide laser, applicable for different clinical situations, such as power, impulse, laser power density (PD) are considered. In addition, the combination of a micromanipulator with an operating microscope allows the use of additional techniques aimed at preventing restenosis, such as the use of microflaps, submucosal laryngeal cicatricial tissue vaporization. The possibilities of the recurrence of cicatricial stenosis by different variants of stenting are presented. The risk of complications of this technique is not higher than in other types of larynx laser surgeries, and with proper preventive measures can be minimized. In the review, possible complications, both early and late, measures of their prophylaxis, as well as ways to eliminate their consequences are analyzed in detail.
The problem of respect in environmental philosophy
Authors: Baďurová Barbora
Published: May 2020

The term respect is frequently used in ordinary communication however it also has a significant role in philosophical discussions focused on environmental ethics. This essay deals with the ambiguity of the term respect. The author analyzes respect from a philosophical point of view claiming that several possible interpretations of what the word respect means and what standards of behavior to which it is to be related. It is pointed out that the issue of whether respect should be understood as an attitude or behavior. The author highlights the problem of constraints imposed by respect and the relation of respect to intrinsic and instrumental value. The approach is analyzed also from the point of view of Kant’s ethics, nevertheless the author examines it also from the standpoints of various contemporary environmental ethicists (e.g. Taylor, Goodpaster, Katz, Lo). However, author concludes that understanding respect as a virtue appears to be a most promising approach in contemporary environmental ethics because it can solve the problem of finding balanced interpretation of respect.
Filozoficzny realizm między naturą a zdrowym rozsądkiem, część II
Authors: Caro Mario De , Dzwonkowska Dominika
Published: May 2020

W pierwszej części tego artykułu, opublikowanej w poprzednim numerze tego czasopisma, omawiałem renesans filozoficznego realizmu, skupiając się głównie na różnych wersjach zdroworozsądkowego realizmu. W tym artykule omówię realizm naukowy i inną, pośrednią wersję realizmu (pluralistyczną pod względem ontologicznym i epistemologicznym). Moim zdaniem ta wersja realizmu jest w stanie uwzględnić najlepsze elementy realizmu zdroworozsądkowego i naukowego, a jednocześnie uniknąć ich wad.
Putting Performance and Kinematics Differ with Skill Level in Female Golfers
Authors: Wu Yen-Lei , Huang Chen-Fu , Marquardt Christian , Wang Hung-Tsung
Published: May 2020

Background:

Female professional golf tours are gaining popularity around the world; there are key performance factors that are related to high performance on the female professional tour, like “driving distance and accuracy” and “putting per round”. However, there is a lack of research on the putting kinematics of female golfers with a lack of understanding the differences between the skill levels of female golfers.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the putting performance and kinematics across three skill levels of female golfers.

Methods:

A total of one hundred and forty-nine right-handed female golfers were divided into three groups based on their playing skill levels: 64 professional tour golfers, 46 national team level golfers, and 39 college level golfers. Each participant executed seven putts on a straight, three meter indoor artificial turf. The three-dimensional kinematic data of each putt were captured using a high-precision ultrasound system (70Hz*3) (SAM PuttLab, Science&Motion Sports).

Results:

Significant differences were found between the three groups of female golfers in the face angle at impact (p<0.000), putter path at impact (p<0.000), vertical impact spot (p<0.000), rise angle (p<0.000), backswing duration (p<0.000), impact duration (p<0.000) and downswing duration (p<0.000). Additionally, the female professional golfers were more efficient than amateurs golfers on putter path (g=.-645), vertical impact spot (g=.707), rise angle (g=.878), shaft angle (g=-.602), backswing duration (g=-.512), impact duration (g=-.873), and downswing duration (g=.752). There were no differences between skill groups with horizontal impact spot, velocity at impact, backswing displacement, downswing displacement and face rotation from the top of backswing to impact.

Conclusion:

Our findings concluded that female professional golfers have a precise face angle and putter path relative to the target, with an upward stroke through impact, and a high impact spot on the putter, a shorter duration of the backswing time and time to impact, and a longer downswing. The study did not find significant differences in velocity at impact and swing phase displacement between the skill levels, which were found in previous studies on male golfers. There were differences in putting kinematics found between female and male professional golfers. Overall, female professionals have better putting performance, more precise direction, and optimized putting distance parameter control. These findings can be used as a guideline for golf coaching of female golfers. Future studies can focus on different distances, slopes, and additional skill levels.
Változásmenedzsment alapjai
Authors: Gál Zsuzsa
Published: May 2020

A 21. századi szervezetekben állandósult a változás. A változásmenedzsment olyan terület, amely az irányított, tudatos változtatásokkal foglalkozik, bár spontán változások is végbe mennek egy szervezet életében. A változással már az 1970-es évektől kezdve foglalkoznak a társadalomtudományban, és egyre nagyobb jelentőséggel bír, hisz sok esetben a szervezetek életében a változáshoz való alkalmazkodás a túlélés feltétele. A cikkben bemutatom a változásmenedzsment fejlődését, elméleteit, és a napjainkban legfontosabb kérdéseket.
Felsőoktatási továbbtanulási preferenciák összehasonlítása a munkaerőpiac igényeivel
Authors: Gebei Tímea , Vincze Szilvia
Published: May 2020

A magyar felsőoktatási intézmények fontos szerepet töltenek be nemzetgazdasági szinten: minden szakterület vonatkozásában, biztosítják a megfelelő színvonalú tudással, szakmai kompetenciákkal rendelkező értelmiségi munkaerőt. Ha a versenyszféra szabályai szerint tekintünk ezekre az intézményekre – ami az oktatás és kutatás minőségi fenntartása és társadalmi hasznossága miatt csak korlátozottan értelmezhető -, tulajdonosuk az állam, menedzsmentjük az intézményi vezetés, fogyasztójuk pedig a munkaerőpiac. Ilyen formán a munkaerőpiac igényeit volna szükségszerű figyelembe venni a képzési kínálat kialakításakor. Ez egyéb befolyásoló tényezőktől függetlenül is komoly kihívás, hiszen minimum egy képzési idővel (3-5 évvel) későbbi igényeket szükséges megcélozni a mai rohamos technológiai fejlődési ütem mellett. Az állam részéről jelentősek a törekvések a képzési kínálat munkaerő-piaci igényekhez történő alakítására, a továbbtanulni vágyó fiatalok csak korlátozottan veszik figyelembe ezeket a tényezőket pályaválasztási döntéseikben. Részben ennek eredményeként alakulhat ki bizonyos szakmák esetében pályaelhagyás, vagy -módosítás, illetve bizonyos szakmák esetében munkaerőhiány. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy a legnépszerűbbnek ítélt szakok mennyire váltják be a várakozásokat és az ott megszerzett diploma mennyire tekinthető „sikeresnek” a munkaerőpiacon, illetve amennyiben ezek nem fedik egymást, az elhelyezkedés alapján legsikeresebbnek ítélhető szakok mennyire preferáltak a jelentkezők körében. Az ehhez szükséges információkat az Oktatási Hivatal felvételi statisztikái és DPR adatbázisa szolgáltatja 2010-2017-os időintervallumra vonatkozóan, melyek révén arra vállalkozunk, hogy lekövessük a hallgatókat a felvételitől az elhelyezkedésig.
Innovation, Artificial Intelligence in Contingent Work-Force Management
Authors: Matonya Michael M.
Published: May 2020

In recent years, the global use of contingent workers is rapidly increasing despite the increasing quantity of artificial intelligence applications in business. The question is "how these companies leverage the use of artificial intelligence to enhance contingent workforce's management?". The ideal goal of this paper is to develop a purely conceptual application of innovation, artificial intelligence (AI) adjacent to contingent workforce management(CWM). The researcher used qualitative information gathered from various authors and observations to reinforce the usage of AI. One of the critical tools to integrate with contingent workforce management for reduction of time spent on human resource administrative tasks is AI. There must be a transformation of thinking, accepting positive organizational change, utilization of technology and openness to new technology to foster  AI. Along with that, integrating contingent workforce management with AI reduces risks and costs, increases efficiency and quality of work. Innovation and Artificial intelligence have been used in five pillars performance of contingent workforce management to mitigate the challenges associated with it.
Artificial Intelligence in Human Resources Information Systems: Investigating its Trust and Adoption Determinants
Authors: Hmoud Bilal Ibrahim , Várallyai László
Published: May 2020

With the rapidly emerging trend of employing Artificial Intelligence technologies within modern economics. This study is an attempt to fill the research gap associated with the factors that have influence with the adoption of artificial intelligence in human resources information systems on HR-leaders intention to use it. It empirically investigates the influences that trust, technological readiness, facilitating condition and performance expectancy on HR-professional’s behavioral intention to use AI in HRM. Besides, examine the moderating effect of age and experience on the proposed associations. Data were collected from by online questionnaire from 185 HR managers. A structural framework was introduced to test the relationship between study latent variables. Result exhibited that trust and performance expectancy has a significant influence on HR-professionals behavioral intention to use AI-HRIS. Trust and technological readiness showed a significant influence on HR-professionals performance expectancy of using AI-HRIS. While facilitating condition, organizational size and technological readiness did not show a significant influence on HR-professionals behavioral intention toward using AI-HRIS. Lastly, Age and Experience did not have a moderating effect on trust and performance expectancy association with the behavioral intention toward using AI-HRIS. The findings of this study contribute to the theory development of information technology diffusion in HRM.
Structural Investigation of Granular Composites by Modern Methods
Authors: Ráthy Istvánné , Pinke Péter , Fábián Enikő Réka , Nagyné Halász Erzsébet
Published: May 2020

Structural investigations of polymer-based particulate composites were carried out using modern test methods. We had composite sheets with different compositions and different injection molding speeds. In the polypropylene matrix, three types of glass beads were mixed in three weight percentages. In our investigations, the granular composites were studied with a widely used examination equipment, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and industrial computer tomography (CT) as a modern diagnostic tools. The purpose of the study was to investigate the distribution and interfacial adhesion of glass beads.
Calculations of Performance Losses for Automobile Vehicles
Authors: Szodrai Ferenc , Pálinkás Sándor , Juhász György
Published: May 2020

Vehicle-energetic-models are used to analyze the performances and when a comprehensive structure is established even optimization could be done. For these kinds of models, the losses of the vehicles have to be known. These losses could significantly effect of the vehicle fuel consumption. From these losses the rolling resistance, drive elements and aerodynamic drag are discussed. This paper reviews some of the literatures that describes the calculation methods and gives us some idea about the degree of their value. Our further goals are to have an UpToDate loss coefficient dataset and calculation methods for further vehicle-energetic modelling.
Analysis of a Special, 3D Metal-Printed HPDC Tool Material
Authors: Kovács Sándor Endre , Varga László , Szentes Zsolt
Published: May 2020

High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) is still the most productive metal-casting method of our time, however the more demanding are the industrial expectations, the more challenging it becomes to ensure the creation of the difficult cavity geometries and the thermal balance of the die-cast tool. New perspective is required, thus we can utilize high heat-conductivity tool steels and additive manufacturing technology.
DA RADIODIFUSÃO PARA O AUDIOVISUAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A DEFINIÇÃO DE UM CONCEITO ABRANGENTE EM TEMPOS DE CONVERGÊNCIA MIDIÁTICA
Authors: NAPOLITANO Carlo José , LEITE Flávia Piva Almeida , MATEUS Felipe De Oliveira
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: Indicar contribuições teóricas de documentos jurídicos e do campo comunicacional, nacionais e estrangeiros, para a superação do conceito de radiodifusão e sua ampliação para o conceito de audiovisual em um ambiente de convergência midiática. Metodologia: O presente trabalho lastreado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental utiliza-se de método analítico-sistemático dedutivo objetivando demonstrar as questões e apontar as contribuições teóricas, jurídicas e do campo comunicacional, e de documentos nacionais e estrangeiros acerca da temática. Resultados: A teoria e a legislação portuguesa, acrescidas das diretivas europeias sobre o audiovisual, podem contribuir para a definição de um conceito mais amplo de radiodifusão na legislação brasileira, ampliando-se o conceito para além do espectro eletromagnético, abarcando todo e qualquer serviço de comunicação social audiovisual, independente do suporte tecnológico. Contribuições: Uma definição e clarificação conceitual, necessária em tempos de convergência midiática e internacionalização dos mercados; fatos que impactam a regulação local, alterando a configuração do direito interno, em regra e historicamente pautado pelos aspectos arquitetônicos e estruturais de limitação do espectro eletromagnético, que caminha para uma regulação voltada ao conteúdo. Palavras-chave: Constituição; televisão; radiodifusão; convergência midiática; comunicação social. ABSTRACT Objective: To indicate theoretical contributions of legal documents and of the communication field, national and foreign, to overcome the concept of broadcasting and its expansion to the concept of audiovisual in an environment of media convergence.  Methodology: The present paper backed by bibliographic and documentary research uses a deductive analytical-systematic method in order to demonstrate the issues and point out the theoretical, legal and communicational contributions, and of national and foreign documents on the subject.Results: The theory and Portuguese legislation, in addition to the European directives on audiovisual, can contribute to the definition of a broader concept of broadcasting in Brazilian legislation, expanding the concept beyond the electromagnetic spectrum, encompassing any and all broadcasting services, audiovisual media, regardless of technological support. Contributions: A definition and a conceptual clarification, necessary in times of media convergence and internationalization of markets; facts that impact local regulation, changing the configuration of domestic law, as a rule and historically guided by architectural and structural aspects of limitation of the electromagnetic spectrum, which moves towards regulation geared to content. Keywords: Constitution; television; broadcasting; media convergence; social communication.
Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Authors: Fisk Malcolm , Livingstone Anne , Pit Sabrina Winona
Published: May 2020

Background

On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. On that date, there were 134,576 reported cases and 4981 deaths worldwide. By March 26, 2020, just 2 weeks later, reported cases had increased four-fold to 531,865, and deaths increased five-fold to 24,073. Older people are both major users of telehealth services and are more likely to die as a result of COVID-19.

Objective

This paper examines the extent that Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, during the 2 weeks following the pandemic announcement, sought to promote telehealth as a tool that could help identify COVID-19 among older people who may live alone, be frail, or be self-isolating, and give support to or facilitate the treatment of people who are or may be infected.

Methods

This paper reports, for the 2-week period previously mentioned and immediately prior, on activities and initiatives in the three countries taken by governments or their agencies (at national or state levels) together with publications or guidance issued by professional, trade, and charitable bodies. Different sources of information are drawn upon that point to the perceived likely benefits of telehealth in fighting the pandemic. It is not the purpose of this paper to draw together or analyze information that reflects growing knowledge about COVID-19, except where telehealth is seen as a component.

Results

The picture that emerges for the three countries, based on the sources identified, shows a number of differences. These differences center on the nature of their health services, the extent of attention given to older people (and the circumstances that can relate to them), the different geographies (notably concerned with rurality), and the changes to funding frameworks that could impact these. Common to all three countries is the value attributed to maintaining quality safeguards in the wider context of their health services but where such services are noted as sometimes having precluded significant telehealth use.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes and may help to establish telehealth more firmly in its aftermath. Some of the changes may not be long-lasting. However, the momentum is such that telehealth will almost certainly find a stronger place within health service frameworks for each of the three countries and is likely to have increased acceptance among both patients and health care providers.
Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on the Uptake of a Popular Smoking Cessation App in UK Smokers: Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Perski Olga , Herbeć Aleksandra , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie
Published: May 2020

Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak may motivate smokers to attempt to stop in greater numbers. However, given the temporary closure of UK stop smoking services and vape shops, smokers attempting to quit may instead seek out mobile health support, such as smartphone apps.

Objective

We examined, using an interrupted time series approach, whether the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a step change or increasing trend in UK downloads of an otherwise popular smoking cessation app, Smoke Free.

Methods

Data were from daily and nondaily adult smokers in the United Kingdom who had downloaded the Smoke Free app between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020 (secondary analysis). The outcome variable was the number of downloads aggregated at the 12-hourly (primary analysis) or daily level (secondary analysis). The explanatory variable was the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, operationalized as March 1, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 15, 2020 (secondary analysis). Generalized additive mixed models adjusted for relevant covariates were fitted.

Results

Data were collected on 45,105 (primary analysis) and 119,881 (secondary analysis) users. In both analyses, there was no evidence for a step change or increasing trend in downloads attributable to the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Calculation of Bayes factors (BFs) indicated that the data for the primary analysis favored the null hypothesis compared with large associations (for level, BF=0.25; for slope, BF=0.26) but were insensitive to the detection of small associations (for level, BF=0.78; for slope, BF=1.35).

Conclusions

In the United Kingdom, between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020, and between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, there was no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a large step change or increasing trend in downloads of a popular smoking cessation app. Findings on the association of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with a small step change or increasing trend were inconclusive.
Prognostic Machine Learning Models for First-Year Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sheng Kaixiang , Zhang Ping , Yao Xi , Li Jiawei , He Yongchun , Chen Jianghua
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The first-year survival rate among patients undergoing hemodialysis remains poor. Current mortality risk scores for patients undergoing hemodialysis employ regression techniques and have limited applicability and robustness.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop a machine learning model utilizing clinical factors to predict first-year mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis that could assist physicians in classifying high-risk patients.

METHODS

Training and testing cohorts consisted of 5351 patients from a single center and 5828 patients from 97 renal centers undergoing hemodialysis (incident only). The outcome was all-cause mortality during the first year of dialysis. Extreme gradient boosting was used for algorithm training and validation. Two models were established based on the data obtained at dialysis initiation (model 1) and data 0-3 months after dialysis initiation (model 2), and 10-fold cross-validation was applied to each model. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (recall), specificity, precision, balanced accuracy, and F1 score were used to assess the predictive ability of the models.

RESULTS

In the training and testing cohorts, 585 (10.93%) and 764 (13.11%) patients, respectively, died during the first-year follow-up. Of 42 candidate features, the 15 most important features were selected. The performance of model 1 (AUC 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.84) was similar to that of model 2 (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.81-0.86).

CONCLUSIONS

We developed and validated 2 machine learning models to predict first-year mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Both models could be used to stratify high-risk patients at the early stages of dialysis.
Definition of the perceived self-care ability in stroke survivors living at home in the Middle East: a protocol for a Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Jafari-Golestan Nasrin , Dalvandi Asghar , Hosseini Mohammadali , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Ebadi Abbas , Rahgozar Mahdi , Sidani Souraya , Keshtkar Abbasali
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Stroke brings about several adverse outcomes so that a stroke patient faces numerous physical, and sensory together with cognitive, and psychological disorders. These disorders influence patients’ perceived self-care ability. There is no agreement on what the perceived self-care ability in stroke patients living at home is Because of various cultures and medical systems, such an ambiguity may be more serious when it comes to the Middle East countries compared to advanced ones.

OBJECTIVE

This Systematic Literature Review aims to summarize the literature on this concept and propose a definition which might help similar research on the stroke in the future.

METHODS

The databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Index Medicus, EMRO, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, IranDoc, and stroke-related literature will individually be queried to retrieve relevant literature on the perceived self-care ability in stroke patients, using subject headings and appropriate MeSH terms. The inclusion and exclusion criteria will be developed and refined by the research team. Two independent reviewers will participate in each search stage including abstract/title and full-text screening, study selection, data collection, and quality assessment steps. We will restrict our search to articles published in the English language in biomedical journals since 1970 to 2018.

RESULTS

The result will be tabulated, and meta-synthesis will be performed.

CONCLUSIONS

This Systematic Literature Review can present a more accurate perception of the perceived self-care ability in stroke survivors living at home in Middle East countries.

CLINICALTRIAL

Systematic review registration: CRD42018100520
Perception and Barriers of Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting and Monitoring among Doctors in Public Hospitals Quetta, Pakistan (Preprint)
Authors: Raza Muhammad , Ahmad Nafees , Khan Amjad , Wahid Abdul , Khan Asad
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Adverse Drug Reactions will continue to pose threat to public health globally. Prompt ADR reporting is crucial in ensuring drug safety. However, underreporting is a prime problem among Doctors.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the current study was to evaluate perception and barriers of adverse drug reactions reporting and monitoring among doctors in public hospitals of Quetta.

METHODS

This cross sectional study was carried out at Bolan Medical Complex and Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta. A self-developed reliable and validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) was used for analyzing data.

RESULTS

A total of 150 doctors were included with mean age of the study participants35.78±11.082 years. Majority of the doctors belonged to the age group 24-35 years (53.3%), were males (62%)and were ethically Pakhtoon, with qualification of Post-graduation(52%),practice duration of > 2 years (25.3%)and had graduated from a medical college located in Baluchistan province(74%).A notable proportion of doctors(32.7%)were not aware of the presence of National Pharmacovigilance Centre. A vast majority of doctors (88%)had not reported any ADR ever. Majority of the study participants (76.7%)mentioned that time limitation is not a hindrance in reporting ADR but concern about a wrong report is (30%).Majority of the evaluated participant (62%) did not know where, when and how to report an ADR. A noteworthy proportion of the doctors (28.7%) thought that existing ADR reporting and monitoring system would not benefit the patient or improve the patient care.Majority of the doctors(64%) thought that pharmacist’s management of adverse drug reaction is useful.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study strongly suggests that awareness regarding ADRs reporting and monitoring is very poor among physicians which will improve pharmacovigilance process in future.
Assessing risk of bias judgments for blinding of outcome assessors in Cochrane reviews
Authors: Barcot Ognjen , Dosenovic Svjetlana , Boric Matija , Pericic Tina Poklepovic , Cavar Marija , Kadic Antonia Jelicic , Puljak Livia
Published: May 2020

Aim:
Adequate judging of risk of bias (RoB) for blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias) is important for supporting highest level of evidence.
Materials & methods:
Judgments and supporting comments for detection bias were retrieved from RoB tables reported in Cochrane reviews. We categorized comments, and then compared judgment and supporting comment with instructions from the Cochrane Handbook.
Results:
We analyzed 8656 judgments for detection bias from 7626 trials included in 575 reviews. Overall, 1909 judgments (22%) were not in line with the Cochrane Handbook. In 9% of trials, the authors split the detection bias domain according to outcomes. Here, prevalence of inadequate judgments was 19%.
Conclusion:
Interventions to improve RoB assessments in systematic reviews should be explored.
THE EFFECTS OF PARTY IDEOLOGY ON PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY SPENDING IN FORMER SOCIALIST COUNTRIES
Authors: Bursac Dejan
Published: May 2020

The study is designed to empirically test the effects which different ruling party ideologies have on spending for public order and safety budget component in Central and Eastern European countries. The transitional environment and especially post-Cold War security context have altered the concept of security in former socialist societies. Our assumption, based not just on theoretical concepts of left and right ideologies, but also on studies examining this matter in more developed Western democracies, was that right-leaning cabinets will have higher levels of budget consumption for law and order than leftist governments. The empirical model confirmed this hypothesis, albeit only partially. A number of other political, economic, and contextual variables connected with transitional setting, which usually have effect on general levels of spending or certain budget areas, have demonstrated a low significance when comes to law and order spending.
Transatlantic Perspectives on Citizenship and Diversity: An Introduction
Authors: Patzelt Anke , Winter Elke
Published: May 2020

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Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v11i1.1164
Harmonisation through Neglect: The Federal Nature of European Employment Policy
Authors: Preece Daniel V.
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes using the methodological perspective of critical federalism, constructed by merging the theoretical framework of critical political economy with the analytical approach of co-operative federalism, to understand the harmonisation and operation of employment policy within the EU. By choosing to not actively integrate employment policy, the ad hoc approach pursued by the member - states has led to a sharing of competency between the member - states and the EU that mimics the relationship found between central and regional governments in a federal system. In the first section, this paper outlines how the emphasis on national competence has shaped the integration of national employment policies into a nascent federal system. In the second section, this paper constructs the methodological perspective of critical federalism and in the final section, this paper concludes by identifying the federal characteristics of the current operation of European employment policy.

Full article available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v1i1.157
Risking the Stability of EMU: the Asymmetric Application of the Stability and Growth Pact
Authors: Paudyn Bartholomew
Published: May 2020

Fiscal profligacy poses a high risk to the credibility of Europe common monetary policy and its ultimate objective of price stability. Unfortunately, the aim of preventing fiscally responsible states from being penalized by those with lax budgetary policies via inflationary pressures and interest rates is jeopardized as members breach the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). Moreover, there are major institutional inconsistencies in how states are treated under the current framework as is exemplified by the November 2003 ECONFIN crisis. What is witnessed is an antagonistic relationship between the programmatic and operational dimensions of monetary governance. Does the fact that half the members who have adopted the euro have also breached its rules signal that surveillance as regulation is being displaced as a mode of governance? It calls for a re-imaged spatial-temporal explanation of governance to adequately capture the political economy of EMU. At the core of EMU management are risk and uncertainty based modes of governing. Employing a governmentality approach, I argue that the audit is one prominent style of processing and institutionalizing risk as an aggregate future of monetary activity. By altering the administration and objects of risk governance the audit is perceived as reducing the susceptibility to failure. Hence, it has a performative function that extends beyond simply measuring deficit or debt to GDP performance and acts as a social and institutional process structuring a homogenous set of fiscal practices.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i1.163
Introduction
Authors: Mérand Frédéric , Vandemoortele Antoine
Published: May 2020

not available

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i2.183
Europe and Islam: Internalizing the External ‘Threat’
Authors: Hodiwala Naozad
Published: May 2020

This article will first characterize the nature of the Islamic ‘threat’ facing modern day Europe, by arguing that such ‘threats’ are fed by the forces of internalization. By specifically focusing on case studies found in Jytte Klausen’s “The Islamic Challenge: Politics and Religion in Western Europe”, this article will take as its departure point the basis that “Europeans tend to ignore the fact that their established norms and policies are not necessarily secular, but reflects long-standing practices that were instituted in order to appease national churches”. Three facets of European society will be examined; national laws, media coverage, and politicians and their actions.

 

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v4i2.196