bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value of Case Study Methodology in Nursing Research
Authors: Tobita Itoko
Published: February 2025

Case study research methodology has a rich history in health sciences and has played an essential role in health science research, particularly in nursing, by providing a means to investigate complex real-world phenomena in detail. This article outlines the historical development of case study methodology, highlighting its advantages, such as richness of context and practicality, and discusses its limitations, such as issues of generalizability and methodological rigor. We also discuss innovative approaches that enhance the value of case studies, such as integrating quantitative elements and adopting rigorous evaluation frameworks. By promoting theoretical development and improving bedside care, case studies have the potential to bridge the gap between theory and practice and encourage progress in clinical practice.
A 4-Day Exposure to High Altitude Prolongs QTc in Healthy Human Subjects
Authors: Gudelunas Koa , Chinn Gregory A. , Barreto-Chang Odmara L. , Campbell Leah , Sall Jeffrey W.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Long QTc syndrome can predispose patients to fatal ventricular arrhythmias. We studied the effects of a rapid ascent and a multiday stay at high altitude on QTc interval.

Methods

We recorded electrocardiograms (ECGs) on study subjects at sea level and then again after a 1-d ascent to 3800 m. Two sea-level ECGs were recorded at the initial screening visit (SL1) and 14 days later (SL2). Altitude ECGs were recorded at approximately 16 and 86 h after arrival. SpO2 was recorded prior to each ECG measurement. We defined prolonged QTc as a QTc interval >450 ms for men and >470 ms for women. We used multivariate analysis to analyze the QTc interval for the effect of drugs, altitude, and changes in electrolytes.

Results

We enrolled 107 subjects: 61 males and 46 females between the ages of 19 and 54 y, with a median age of 34 y. QTcF (QT interval for varying heart rates using Fridericia's formula) at SL1 was 405±17 ms; at SL2, 404±17 ms; at 16 h, 411±18 ms; and at 86 h, 427±24 ms. After 86 h at altitude, 12 participants met the criteria for prolonged QT syndrome, and 61% of subjects had QTc prolongation of >20 ms from sea-level values. This was independent of changes in serum electrolyte levels, (i.e., sodium, potassium, and calcium), bicarbonate levels, and SpO2.

Conclusion

High altitude exposure can lengthen a healthy adult's QTc interval by more than 20 ms. It remains unknown whether this increase might raise the risk of torsades de pointes in people with long QT intervals at baseline.
Theoretical and Methodological Imperatives in Longitudinal Healthcare Design and Research
Authors: Wan Thomas TH , Lin Ming-Yin , Wan Hunter S
Published: February 2025

It is a challenge in pursuing an integrative approach to healthcare outcomes research. This paper articulates the need for conducting longitudinal data analysis to gain theoretical support for causal inquiries, using parallel latent growth curve modeling with multilevel predictors.

Furthermore, the availability of time constant and time-varying predictors in multi-wave study design and analysis is imperative in the healthcare investigation of trajectories in disease progression and prevention. The two-fold purpose of this paper is to address how the measurement of healthcare outcomes is quantified and used in longitudinal studies, and how the variability of outcomes can be analyzed by growth curve modeling with parallel change parameters. Future longitudinal studies should be based on evidence-based design and thorough deductive reasoning coupled with a sound and parsimonious theoretical framework.
A two-level GPU-accelerated incomplete LU preconditioner for general sparse linear systems
Authors: Xu Tianshi , Li Rui Peng , Osei-Kuffuor Daniel
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a parallel preconditioning approach based on incomplete LU (ILU) factorizations in the framework of Domain Decomposition (DD) for general sparse linear systems. We focus on distributed memory parallel architectures, specifically, those that are equipped with graphic processing units (GPUs). In addition to block-Jacobi, we present general purpose two-level ILU Schur complement-based approaches, where different strategies are presented to solve the coarse-level reduced system. These strategies are combined with modified ILU methods in the construction of the coarse-level operator, in order to effectively remove smooth errors by targeting an algebraically smooth vector. We leverage available GPU-based sparse matrix kernels to accelerate the setup and the solve phases of the proposed ILU preconditioner. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methods as a smoother for algebraic multigrid (AMG) and as a preconditioner for Krylov subspace methods on challenging anisotropic diffusion problems and a collection of general sparse matrices.
Comparing static versus dynamic ultrasound techniques: A randomized pilot trial of novice and advanced users
Authors: Hayward Geoffrey , Huang Henry , Regan Bethany R , Bellomo Maria-Chiara , Kendall Mark C
Published: February 2025

Background:

Ultrasound training requires proper instruction and guidance tailored both to novice and advanced ultrasound users. The aim of the current investigation was to compare the performance of novice and advanced sonographers using a tofu model for IV cannula placement using either ultrasound static (US) or dynamic (UD) techniques.

Methods:

Eighty volunteers were allocated to either the novice or advanced group according to prior ultrasonography experience. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the US or UD group. A modified version of the global rating scale was used to assess performance. The primary outcome was the assessment scale composite score. Secondary outcomes included time to procedure completion and the number of needle passes.

Results:

In the novice cohort, the US group scored significantly higher than participants in the UD, median difference 9 (95% CI: 0–19), p = 0.01. In the advanced cohort, there was no difference in the performance score. Advanced participants performed the UD technique in less time than those using the US technique, 28.5 s (IQR 24–40) vs 42.5 s (IQR 30–55), median difference 14 (95% CI: 1–27), p = 0.02, respectively. Novices showed no difference in time to completion for either technique. In the novice cohort, the number of needle passes was less in the US group, median of 1 (IQR 1–2) compared to the UD group, median of 2 (IQR 1–3.75), median difference −1 (95% CI: −2 to 0), p = 0.03. There was no difference in the number of needle passes in either techniques involving the advanced users.

Conclusion:

Compared to the real time UD method, the US technique for intravenous cannulation is more fitted for novice users and should be considered more widely as the introductory technique to improve their procedural efficiency of ultrasound guided intravenous cannulation.
Lung Ultrasound for Assessment of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: Relationship With High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Nailfold Capillaroscopy
Authors: Elziaty Rahma A , Aboelyazeed Alaa A , Hegazy Sherif NA , Khalifa Ahmed A , Khalil Salma A
Published: February 2025

Background:

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been recently proposed as a convenient and radiation-free imaging modality for the evaluation of systemic sclerosis–related interstitial lung disease.

Objectives:

The current study evaluates the relation between LUS and both high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and capillaroscopy findings in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Design:

This cross-sectional study included 32 patients with systemic sclerosis.

Methods:

Besides clinical evaluation, all participants underwent LUS, HRCT, pulmonary function tests (PFT), and nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC). All participants’ data were compared and correlated.

Results:

There is an excellent agreement between number of B-lines and HRCT score (interclass correlation = 0.864, P-value < .001). A significant positive correlation exists between number of B-lines and disease duration ( r = 0.459, P-value = .008). Conversely, the number of B-lines is negatively correlated with capillary density ( r = −0.687, P-value < .001), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) ( r = −0.886, P-value < .001), and forced vital capacity (FVC) ( r = −0.898, P-value < .001). Patients with either neoangiogenesis or previous/current digital ulcers had significantly higher number of B-lines than those without ( P-value < .001, .016, respectively).

Conclusion:

The number of B-lines parallels the HRCT score and the extent of digital vascular damage as indicated by NVC and clinical digital ulcers. Lung ultrasound has proven to be a reliable radiation-free modality for screening of systemic sclerosis–related interstitial lung disease and detecting its extent.
Retrospective Analysis of 28 Cases of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Beizeng Wu , Wen Bai , Xiaoxia Li , Yanhong Huang , Shubin Qiao
Published: February 2025

Background:

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic condition characterized by persistent pain and local autonomic dysfunction. Its exact cause remains unclear, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.

Objective:

The objective was to investigate the clinical characteristics of CRPS patients and identify risk factors influencing its onset.

Design:

Retrospective analysis of medical records from 28 CRPS patients, examining variables such as demographics, comorbidities, triggering events, pain duration and location, previous examinations and treatments, clinical findings, auxiliary tests, initial and follow-up treatment outcomes, symptom relief time, and degree.

Methods:

Statistical methods were used to analyze the clinical data of 28 CRPS patients, assessing general characteristics and risk factors associated with the disease.

Results:

Females accounted for 57.14% of the cases, with an average patient age of 57.89 years. About 82.14% of patients experienced a triggering event prior to the onset of pain. The median time to diagnosis was 4.5 months, with a maximum duration of up to 7 years. Misdiagnosis occurred in 46.43% of patients. Laboratory tests showed that 77.78% (7 of 9) had abnormal bone metabolism; among those who underwent bone density scans, 66.67% (6 of 9) had osteoporosis, whereas 11.11% (1 of 9) had reduced bone mass. X-rays of 25 patients revealed that 44% (11 of 25) had either reduced bone mass or osteoporosis, with 2 showing more severe osteoporosis on the affected side compared with the healthy side. Rheumatoid arthritis was observed in 7.14% of patients. Post-treatment, significant pain relief was noted in 26 patients.

Conclusion:

This study helps clinicians more accurately identify and manage CRPS, reducing misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis. In addition, the data suggest that osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis may be potential risk factors for CRPS.
Association between guideline-directed medical therapy and reintervention risk following peripheral vascular interventions in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Callegari Santiago , Romain Gaëlle , Capuano Isabella , Cleman Jacob , Scierka Lindsey , Smolderen Kim G , Mena-Hurtado Carlos
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Reintervention following peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) for peripheral artery disease (PAD) is common. Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is recommended post-PVI, yet its association with reintervention outcomes remains unclear.

Methods:

We analyzed Vascular Quality Initiative registry data linked with Medicare outcome for patients undergoing PVI for PAD (2017–2018). GDMT was defined as the receipt of statin, antiplatelet, and angiotensin-converting enzyme or angiotensin receptor blocker (ACE/ARB) therapy if hypertensive at discharge. Competing risk analyses and conditional risk models assessed the reintervention outcome, and the recurrent reintervention outcomes within 2 years, by GDMT receipt, compliance with each GDMT element, the number of elements received, and GDMT rate across sites and operators in a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort.

Results:

We included 13,244 patients (mean age 72.0 ± 9.9, women 41.0%). The reintervention outcome did not differ by GDMT receipt (cumulative incidence: 43.0% [95% CI 41.0–44.9%] in no GDMT vs 41.2% [95% CI 39.4– 43.0%] in GDMT; subhazard ratio (sHR): 1.03 [95% CI 0.97–1.10]), compliance with GDMT elements, the number of elements received, or site and operator GDMT rates (sHR per 10% increase: 1.00 [95% CI 0.98–1.03] and 1.00 [95% CI 0.98–1.02]) (all p > 0.05). However, a higher operator GDMT rate reduced the recurrent reintervention risk (HR: 0.98 [95% CI 0.97–1.00], p = 0.026).

Conclusion:

Around 40% of patients undergoing a PVI experience reintervention within 2 years, but the outcome was not reduced with GDMT receipt, and higher GDMT rates by site and operators were not associated with reintervention risk. Future studies should focus on medication adherence, refills, and more granular GDMT data for PAD care surveillance postrevascularization.
Experimental and numerical investigation on the behavior of composite reinforced concrete columns encased by steel section and hybrid GFRP section
Authors: Salman Ban Fadhil , Allawi Abbas A
Published: February 2025

GFRP was employed in constructions as an alternative to steel, which has many advantages like lightweight, large tensile strength and resist corrosion. Existing researches are insufficient in studying the influence of hybrid reinforced concrete composite columns encased by GFRP I-section (RCCCEG) and I-section steel (RCCCES). In this study twenty one (RC) specimens of a cross-section of 130 mm × 160 mm, with different length (long 1600 mm and short 750 mm) were encased by using I-section (steel and GFRP) and tested under various loading (concentric, eccentric and flexural loads). The test was focused on the influence of many parameters; load-carrying capacity, mode of failure, deformation and drawing an interaction diagram (N-M) for columns. The research explores the feasibility and effectiveness of the employing GFRP and steel sections. The test results concluded that all the composite columns with I-section steel presented similar failure modes to I-section GFRP composite column. Increasing in strength and ductility in short and slender reinforced concrete composite columns related to reinforced concrete columns. The eccentric load has a significant reduction in column strength, especially in slender column. The 3D FE models of (RCCC) were established by ABAQUS. (RCCC) was studied in terms of failure mode, deformation and bearing capacity also an analytical study was employed to obtain analytical results for short specimens subjected to flexural load and employing these outcomes for drawing interaction diagram (N-M) for short columns. Based on the verification of FE analysis, the experimental and theoretical results showed a good agreement.
Profiles of professional resistance in street-level bureaucracy programs. A quantitative-multidimensional typology
Authors: Villalobos Dintrans Cristóbal , Duboy-Luengo Mitzi , Miranda Catalina , Reininger Taly , Munoz-Arce Gianinna
Published: February 2025

Through a representative survey of front-line professionals from three social programs in Chile ( N = 1,694)—a country marker by the implementation neoliberal policies—we use latent class analysis (LCA) to build typologies of front-line professionals, according to the resistance actions that develop in their professional intervention practices. In this way, we explore the prevalence of each typology and the relationship between these typologies and sociodemographic and work characteristics.

Findings

The results show the existence of four typologies: (a) an adaptive focused professionals (38.3%), who mainly perform subtle and individual forms of resistance; (b) an organization focused professionals (21.6%) are professionals who frequently carried out resistance actions focused on the collective organization of demands; (c) multifocal resistant professionals (2.0%), who perform most of the resistance actions and; (d) complaint professionals (38.0%), who tend not to develop actions of professional resistance. Additionally, the analysis shows that the typologies vary according to gender, years of experience, place of work and the political institutional context of the intervention.

Applications

These results inform contemporary social work-practice in two ways. On the one hand, understanding the configurations, differences, and prevalences of professional resistance to front-line professionals (a very little explored field) and, on the other, helping to comprehend the relationship between professional resistance, sociodemographic characteristics, and working conditions. Both axes constitute central aspects of insight the implementation of social intervention, with important consequences for the development of contemporary social policies.
Building aspiration when working with homeless young people in the UK: A case study
Authors: Dunne Justin
Published: February 2025

Researchers may identify the active elements that give care programs their efficacy by exploring practice wisdom. In doing so, this case study revealed the importance of developing aspiration as a key component in helping homeless young people to achieve positive outcomes. Qualitative research was conducted with a charity working with homeless young people in residential settings. Fieldwork observations ( n = 11), semistructured interviews ( n = 16) and focus groups ( n = 3), were used to explore the importance building aspiration and how this was operationalized in practice. Taking a grounded theory approach, thematic and axial coding was used in the analysis of data.

Findings

Findings confirmed that homeless young people often presented with low aspiration and presented insight into how practitioners might address this. Techniques to build aspiration were identified that improve the psychological state of the young person creating a realistic focus. Aspiration was shown to be built through the provision of knowledge, opportunities, and good social support.

Applications

Practitioners should engage in constructive programs that build skills, confidence, and hope. Clients should focus on future possibilities and with active social support of care providers and the provision of opportunities, knowledge, and practical support to build realistic expectations. Such pro-social activities reduce negative impacts for homeless young people.
Adapting for change: The evolution of degrowth repertoire of contention and public policy influence
Authors: Benmecheddal Ahmed , Özçağlar-Toulouse Nil , Türe Meltem
Published: February 2025

Conceptual studies explain how degrowth principles can contribute to organizing beyond the destructive forces of capitalism. But little has been given to theorizing the evolution in degrowth repertoire of contention that aims to influence public policy around production and consumption practices. Drawing on an eight-year ethnographic study of the degrowth movement in Lille, France, we explore the evolution of its repertoire of contention by identifying the goals, strategies, and actions defining each phase. This analysis illustrates how the movement adapted its repertoire to overcome challenges and advance its political agenda, shedding light on key shifts in activism and engagement with policymakers. Our findings have implications for consumer research, degrowth movements, and public policy.
Optimization of ceramic process parameters supported by ant colony optimization algorithm
Authors: Xia Jingyang
Published: February 2025

Ceramic firing process parameters can directly affect mechanical properties and surface quality of ceramics. To improve the quality of ceramics, the ant colony optimization algorithm is applied. Parameters such as firing temperature, heating rate, and cooling rate are selected. Each ant represents a parameter combination. The initial pheromone is set to a constant. Simulation is carried out by random selection, and the fitness is calculated. Excellent combinations can accumulate more information, which makes subsequent ants tend to choose them and gradually converge to the optimal combination. When the fitness function value is stable, the algorithm terminates and outputs the optimal parameters. Whale optimization algorithm, Bayesian optimization algorithm, and genetic algorithm are used for comparison in the experiment. The results show that the ant colony optimization algorithm is more efficient in finding the optimal solution, reducing the number of iterations by 9% to 23% and saving 5% to 13% in time cost. The optimal solution of the ant colony optimization algorithm is used for firing, with the highest and most stable yield rate reaching 100%. The ant colony optimization algorithm can effectively optimize process parameters, improve ceramic quality, and reduce defects.
Fostering First-Year Student Retention in Vietnam: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Positive Psychology-Based College Readiness Intervention
Authors: Phan Khuc , Jennings Louise , Gloeckner Gene
Published: February 2025

Vietnamese universities are facing significant challenges with high dropout and low graduation rates. To address these issues, we offered a College Readiness course incorporating positive psychology principles and interventions, targeting Vietnamese first-year college students’ self-efficacy and self-confidence in key learning skills—two factors significantly correlated with college students’ academic success. This study employed a convergent mixed methods design with a quasi-experimental approach to investigate the course's impact. Fifty-eight participants self-reported their scores pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at a six-week follow-up. Open-ended items were included in the post-intervention survey, and focus group interviews were conducted with 11 experimental students. Quantitative results indicated the scores of the experimental group regarding self-efficacy, self-confidence in thinking skills, self-direction, and using technology for educational purposes increased significantly more than those of the control group over time. Qualitative findings further informed the course's impact on these outcomes from the students’ perspectives.
Gore Tag Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis in Acute Aortic Syndromes: A Case Series
Authors: Spertino Andrea , Marrocco Simona , Zavatta Marco , Squizzato Francesco , Piazza Michele , Antonello Michele
Published: February 2025

The GORE TAG Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis (TBE) is a novel CE mark (European Conformity Mark) approved off-the-shelf aortic branched zone 2 device indicated for endovascular repair of the proximal descending thoracic aorta maintaining flow into the left subclavian artery (LSA) with no need for surgical LSA debranching and related risks. This case series describes the use of GORE TAG TBE in 5 consecutive patients urgently treated for acute aortic syndromes at our center between February and May 2024. Two had zone 3 thoracic aorta aneurysms with interscapular pain, and 3 others presented with acute complicated type B aortic dissections—one of which showed signs of impending rupture, and 2 experienced renal malperfusion. The main endograft was deployed on a superstiff guidewire placed in ascending aorta and a through and through guidewire in the LSA. The side branch bridging stent was released over the through and through system with no complications. Operating mean time was 122 minutes. All procedures were uneventful with no cases of neurological and cardiac events. Technical success was achieved in all cases with satisfactory results at 3 months CTA follow-up. Our early experience with the use of GORE TAG TBE has been effective and uneventful even in urgent settings regardless of its novelty in Europe.

Clinical impact

The GORE TAG Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis (TBE) represents an interesting novelty in the management of thoracic aortic pathologies, particularly in urgent settings where left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage is required. By eliminating the need for additional LSA revascularization procedures, this device aims to reduce procedural complexity, operating time, and the risk of complications associated with traditional methods. Clinicians can achieve effective treatment with a single, off-the-shelf device, improving both patient outcomes and procedural efficiency. This case series highlights the potential of an off-the-shelf single-branched thoracic endograft in urgent settings.
Prognostic Value of G8 Geriatric Screening and Meet-URO Scores in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving First-Line Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Combination Immunotherapy
Authors: Nagpal Ria , Campione Marina , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Fratino Lucia , Rescigno Pasquale , Bracarda Sergio , Bimbatti Davide , Giorgi Ugo De , Santoni Matteo , Calabrò Fabio , Rizzo Mimma , Signori Alessio , Giannarelli Diana , Fornarini Giuseppe , Basso Umberto , Banna Giuseppe Luigi
Published: February 2025

Background

The prognostic value of the Geriatric 8 (G8) screening score in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients receiving first-line immunotherapy remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of G8 within the context of the Meet-URO classification in mRCC patients treated with first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab.

Methods

This retrospective multicentre study analysed 106 mRCC patients treated with first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab. G8 and Meet-URO scores were calculated before treatment initiation. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), defined as duration from first administration of Nivolumab to death. OS was analysed in relation to age groups, G8 scores, and Meet-URO score categories, with data censored for patients still alive at the last follow-up. The secondary endpoint, progression-free survival (PFS), was measured from initiating Nivolumab to the earliest instance of disease progression or death. OS and PFS were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analyses. The reporting of this study conforms to the REMARK guidelines.

Results

Patients with G8 > 14 had more favorable IMDC and Meet-URO risk classifications and lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios. While PFS did not differ significantly between G8 ≤ 14 and >14 groups (1-year 29.3% vs 46.2%, p = 0.2), OS was significantly longer in G8 > 14 group (1-year 76.1% vs 58.6%, p = 0.006). In multivariable analysis, G8 ≤ 14 was independently associated with worse OS (HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.06-5.08, p = 0.03) but not PFS. The Meet-URO score was prognostic for both PFS and OS. In patients ≥70 years, G8 lost its prognostic value, while Meet-URO remained prognostic for OS.

Conclusions

The G8 score is an independent prognostic factor for OS but not PFS in mRCC patients receiving first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab. The Meet-URO score shows consistent prognostic ability for PFS and OS across age groups. These findings suggest that while G8 may be useful for individual patient-level OS prediction, the Meet-URO score may be superior for guiding treatment decisions in clinical practice.
Metabolites and Charcot Foot: A Comprehensive Analysis Through Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Qiong , Liu Peilong , Yang Xinquan , Liang Jingqi , Zhao Hongmou
Published: February 2025

Background

Multiple studies have shown metabolites may have potential effects on Charcot foot. However, the Mendelian randomization method has not yet explored the relationship between metabolites and Charcot foot.

Methods

We selected genetic variants from the publicly available Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) summary database to represent 1400 metabolites described in recent research. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out to examine the relationships between these metabolites and Charcot foot. Significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data associated with exposure were screened out through association analysis. Valid instrumental variables (IVs) were then selected, excluding SNPs with F-statistic values below 10. The MR analyses primarily employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR), constrained maximum likelihood(cML), contamination mixture(Conmix), robust adjusted profile score(RAPS), and debiased inverse-variance weighted(deIVW) method were used to enhance the results. Colocalization analysis was performed to identify shared causal genetic variants associated with the resulting phenotypes. Sensitivity analyses, including assessments of Cochrane's Q test, egger intercept, and MR PRESSO test were conducted to confirm the robustness of the results.

Results

After preliminary MR exploration, the IVW results exhibited positive causal relationships between hexadecenedioate (C16:1-DC) levels (OR = 0.698, 95%CI: 0.586 to 0.831, PFDR = 0.040), octadecadienedioate (C18:2-DC) levels (OR = 0.665, 95%CI: 0.552 to 0.800, PFDR = 0.021), octadecanedioylcarnitine (C18-DC) levels (OR = 0.676, 95%CI: 0.553 to 0.827, PFDR = 0.067) and Charcot foot. Colocalization analysis indicated that the above three metabolites share a common causal variant at the same genomic location with Charcot foot. Sixty-four metabolites with suggestive causal relationships with Charcot foot were also identified, among which 25 kinds of metabolites were positively correlated with Charcot foot, and 33 metabolites were negatively associated with Charcot foot. The BWMR, cML, Conmix, RAPS, and deIVW results supported our preliminary MR results. In several results, sensitivity analyses showed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, while the causal relationships obtained through FDR correction did not show any significant heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. No reverse causal association was detected.

Conclusion

We detected protective and risk metabolites in Charcot foot. Controlling metabolites may decrease Charcot foot risk and serve as a novel therapeutic biomarker for the therapy.
The Effect of Rabdosia rubescens on Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Phase II Clinical Study
Authors: Li Lu , Huang Yecai , Yin Jun , Xu Peng , Lan Mei , Li Churong , Qi Yunxiang , Xu Ke , Li Bosen , Luo Yukun , Jiang Qinghua , Peng Shanshan , Lang Jinyi , Feng Mei
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis is the most common side effect in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rabdosia rubescens drop pills in NPC patients with radiation-induced oral mucositis (RTOM).

Methods:

The study involved 40 NPC patients who were given Rabdosia rubescens drop pills thrice daily from the start of radiation therapy. The study monitored the incidence and severity of oral mucositis and oral pain. The main outcomes measured were the occurrence rate of oral mucositis, grade 3 oral mucositis, oral pain assessment, and changes in immunological function, body weight, BMI, NRS2002, and albumin levels.

Results:

In the study, 38 patients completed the treatment. The incidence rates of Grade 0 to 3 oral mucositis were 5.26%, 21.05%, 47.37%, and 26.32% respectively. Pain levels were mild (42.11%), moderate (13.16%), and severe (13.16%). The onset of Grade 1, 2, and 3 oral mucositis occurred at 18, 24, and 30 days respectively. Grade 3 oral mucositis was associated with body weight, BMI, NRS2002 score, and albumin levels. Post-treatment, there was a decrease in CD4+/CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ immune cells, but an increase in CD8+ cells. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse events were observed in 13.2% of patients.

Conclusion:

Rabdosia rubescens drop pills administration can reduce the incidence and severity of radiotherapy induced oral mucositis. Our finding suggested a positive impact of Rabdosia rubescens drops pills upon administration to NPC patients.
Mental Health Literacy, Stigma, and Help-Seeking Behavior Among Black Male College Students in Historically Black Universities
Authors: Gere Bryan , Salimi Nahal
Published: February 2025

Studies indicate that mental health literacy (MHL) is low among college students. Previous studies report that male college students score lower on MHL than female college students. MHL is connected to mental health help-seeking behavior. Black male college students are shown to be at higher risk for mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, yet are less likely to seek help for these problems compared with other racial groups. Challenges with mental health can lead to significant negative consequences, such as poor academic performance, social isolation, and even suicide attempts. Stigma has been identified as an important factor that can influence the help-seeking behavior of male college students. Previous research has indicated that Black male college students in predominantly White institutions (PWIs) often struggle with seeking mental health compared with those in Historically Black Universities and Colleges (HBCUs). The purpose of the descriptive cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationships among MHL, stigma, and help-seeking behavior among Black males at HBCUs. The results indicate that having better mental health knowledge is linked to seeking help more often, stressing the need to enhance mental health understanding for better support-seeking. Seeking help was positively associated with reduced stigma. The implications for practitioners, policymakers, and administrators were explored, emphasizing the need for targeted, culturally sensitive interventions for young Black men in higher education. This study underscores the importance of addressing their specific challenges to enhance mental health and academic outcomes.
Association of ESR1 Xba1 (rs9340799) With Male Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qamar Hania , Bibi Sadia , Qadeer Zeeshan , Muzammil Faiza , Batool Masooma , Aslam Shaista , Akram Ayesha , Arshad Adina , Irfan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Variations in the estrogen receptor genes, particularly the Xba1 (rs9340799) SNP in the ESR1 gene, may influence the effects of estrogen on male fertility. Results from previous studies on this SNP for male infertility have been inconclusive. This review aimed to determine the association of ESR1 Xba1 (rs9340799) with male infertility. Relevant case–control studies published in English were searched from Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed using keywords of ESR, polymorphism, and male infertility. Studies on animals, reviews, and abstracts were excluded. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for four genetic models, with heterogeneity assessed by I2. A fixed or random effect model was applied based on I2, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted with 5% significance for type I error and 95% power. ESR1 expression levels were examined in testes, hypothalamus, prostate, and pituitary using GTEx Analysis. Nine studies (four Asian, four Caucasian, one African) met the criteria. The G allele was protective against infertility overall (OR: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.70, 0.92]) and in Caucasian men (OR: 0.71; 95% CI = [0.54, 0.92]). Lower infertility risk was observed in Asian (AA vs. GG OR: 0.65; 95% CI = [0.43, 0.98]) and Caucasian men (OR: 0.49; 95% CI = [0.28, 0.83]). TSA indicated no further studies are likely to change these results. No significant change in expression of ESR1 was observed due to this SNP. The present meta-analysis suggests that the SNP Xba1 (rs9340799) in ESR1 is protective against male infertility, with current data sufficient to confirm these findings.
Can We Predict the Outcome of Micro Testicular Sperm Extraction in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia From Preoperative Hormonal Profile, Testicular Volume, and Patients Health Factors: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Zubi Mohammad , Al-khawaldeh Sawsan , Mallak Mos’ab , Al-Dghaim Muthanna , Zytoon Raneem , Abbas Rahaf , Alhabahbeh Ahmad , Alfadel Marah , Abuorouq Saleh , Al-magableh Mohammad Radhi , Alkhateeb Ahmed Nemer , Alboon Mosab Radwan , Al Demour Saddam , Al-Rawashdah Samer Fathi
Published: February 2025

Infertility is characterized by the inability to conceive even after engaging in regular unprotected sexual intercourse for a period of 12 months or longer. Azoospermia affects around 1% of men. Approximately 60% of men diagnosed with azoospermia will have non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). The main aim of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between preoperative hormonal profiles, testicular volume, and patient health factors with microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) outcomes in individuals with NOA. A retrospective analysis of 152 patients who underwent a micro-TESE operation for NOA at our center from January 2020 to December 2022 was conducted. Both groups were compared for age, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total and free testosterone, testicular volume before the operation, previous TESE, smoking, and medical illnesses. A relationship is considered significant when the p value is less than .05. A total of 152 NOA patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: first group, in whom sperms were identified during the procedure, representing 72 (47.3%) of patients, and the second group (52.7%) of patients, in whom no sperms were found. Results reveal that free testosterone level, total testosterone level, smoking, and previous TESE operation are significantly related to positive surgical results ( p value < .05). Our findings suggest that preoperative total and free testosterone levels, smoking status, and previous micro-TESE operation may significantly affect the outcomes of micro-TESE.
Research on the simulation method of dynamic characteristics of hydraulic pipelines under water hammer impact
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Jing , Hua Teng-fei , Qiu Yuan-ying
Published: February 2025

Water hammer is a common hydraulic phenomenon in industrial systems, particularly in aerospace and automotive applications. It occurs when fluid pressure inside a pipeline increases dramatically over a very short period, potentially causing loud banging noises, vibrations, and system damage. This paper first conducts an experimental study on the water hammer effect in a hydraulic pipeline of an aircraft, analyzing the characteristics of water hammer pressure and pipeline strain. A finite element model of the water hammer effect is then established for the experimental system, allowing for numerical simulations using AMEsim. Finally, the finite element model of the pipeline is created in ANSYS, and the strain responses are analyzed using the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method, with the numerical simulation results from AMEsim as input conditions. The findings show that the numerical simulation results for water hammer pressure are in good agreement with experimental data, with most errors within 2% and a maximum error of 4.88%. The strain simulation results also demonstrate good consistency with the experimental data, with most errors within 4% and a maximum error of 7.56%. Finally, the fatigue damage and fatigue life of the pipeline under the conditions of water hammer fluctuations were analyzed.
Robotic-assisted wrist rehabilitation therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Karunasena G.M.K.B , Herath H.M.K.K.M.B. , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: February 2025

This research proposes a unique cable-driven two-degree-of-freedom wrist exoskeleton robotic device for Range of Motion (ROM) exercises related to Carpal Tunnel Recovery (CTR). A transportable platform for hand support powered by two actuators and a nonwearable sensing system comprised the basic, user-friendly design of the proposed exoskeleton robotic device. A specialized assist-as-needed control was installed to make the necessary movements with the robotic device. Transferring the data to the exoskeleton for rehabilitation, the control approach was combined with a computer vision system that imitated the therapist's wrist motions. Utilizing a computer algorithm, hand landmarks were produced to mimic the therapist's wrist movements. A total of 20 participants (Male: 55 % and Female: 45 %) were involved in the experimental procedure. High-accuracy ROM readings were obtained: 87.5 % for flexion, 90.0 % for extension, 92.5 % for ulnar deviation, and 90.0 % for radial deviation. In the conventional method, the healthy persons have a ROM for wrist flexion and extension of 71.6° and 63.0°, respectively, but Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) patients have a reduced ROM of 49.4° and 38.9°. Healthy participants have ulnar and radial deviations of 45.6° and 27.0°, respectively, while CTS patients have lower values of 28.7° and 20.1°. Using an exoskeleton, healthy people exhibit ROM flexion and extension of 64.9° and 59.0°, compared to 42.9° and 34.5° in CTS patients. This pattern is also shown in the ulnar and radial deviations, which are 44.1° and 25.6° for healthy individuals and 27.1° and 18.9° for CTS patients, respectively. These findings demonstrated the validity of the measurement techniques, which is crucial for clinical evaluations and rehabilitation plans.
What do athlete's really think? Athlete perceptions and attitudes towards athlete monitoring in professional soccer
Authors: Woolmer Elliott , Morris Rhys , Noon Mark , Tallis Jason , Clarke Neil D. , Eyre Emma
Published: February 2025

Over the past 20 years, monitoring in soccer has become increasingly popular for managing training loads, preventing injuries, and optimizing performance. However, implementing sophisticated systems demands substantial investment in equipment, staff training, and athlete time. The present study aimed to evaluate player's perceptions around a comprehensive athlete monitoring programme used within a professional English men's soccer team. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed across two phases. In Phase one, 20 professional male soccer players completed a ‘Modified Athlete Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaire’. The results from Phase 1 informed Phase 2, where a subset of participants (n = 10) engaged in semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into their attitudes and perceptions of athlete monitoring. Analysis revealed that GPS monitoring was the most favoured tool, while power monitoring (countermovement jump; CMJ) was the least preferred. Thematic analysis of interview data identified an overall theme of importance, broken down into four key themes: education, feedback, adjustment period, and specific monitoring tools. To enhance athlete engagement, practitioners should emphasize the relevance of each monitoring strategy to the athletes’ performance. Streamlining monitoring strategies and providing more comprehensive feedback can foster greater athlete buy-in and adherence to monitoring programmes.
A hybrid discrete artificial bee colony optimization algorithm for the no-wait job shop problem with tardiness criterion
Authors: Huang Xuemei , Yin Jie , Deng Guanlong
Published: February 2025

The no-wait job shop scheduling problem (NWJSP) plays a crucial role in industrial production and is an NP-hard problem. We propose a hybrid discrete artificial bee colony (HDABC) algorithm for solving the NWJSP with the total tardiness criterion. In the proposed algorithm, we first design multiple discrete operations which combine with the basic framework of the artificial bee colony algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a new selection method that allows onlooker bee to select better food sources. To determine the start times of the jobs, we introduce and adapt the left timetabling method for the tardiness objective under consideration. Experimental results show that the HDABC algorithm has better search capability than two well-performing ABC algorithms as well as an iterated greedy algorithm in solving the NWJSP with the total tardiness criterion.
A novel nomogram for predicting postoperative pneumonia risk in patients with localized bronchiectasis
Authors: Yongsheng Cai , Lihui Ke , Xuefeng Hao , Anbang Qiao , Xiaoxiao Yang , Wenhui Chen , Weiqing Li , Zeng Yang , Bo Wei
Published: February 2025

Background:

Pneumonia is one of the most common complications after lung resection. However, there are currently no reports of postoperative pneumonia in patients with bronchiectasis.

Objectives:

Our study aims to construct a new nomogram to predict the risk of postoperative pneumonia in patients with localized bronchiectasis.

Design:

The clinical data of patients with localized bronchiectasis from April 2012 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

Methods:

Independent risk factors were identified through simple linear regression and multiple linear regression analysis, and a new nomogram was constructed based on independent risk factors. The validity of the nomogram was evaluated using the consistency index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration chart, and decision curve analysis chart.

Results:

The new nomogram prediction model included five independent risk factors: tuberculosis history, smoking history, platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and controlled nutritional status score. The area under the curve of the prediction model is 0.870 (95% CI: 0.750–0.892), showing good discrimination ability, and the probability threshold was set at 0.2013. In addition, the calibration curve shows that the nomogram has good calibration. In the decision curve, the nomogram model showed good clinical net benefit.

Conclusion:

This study is the first to construct a nomogram prediction model for postoperative pneumonia of localized bronchiectasis, which can more accurately and directly assess the risk probability of postoperative pneumonia, and provide certain help for clinicians in prevention and treatment decisions.