bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GC-MS analysis of raw and roasted seeds of Chrysophyllum albidum, a medicinal plant used for the treatment of tuberculosis
Authors: Ademoye Morufu Adisa , Lajide Labunmi , Joseph Owolabi Bodunde , Chizoba Onubogu Catherine
Published: September 2018

Tuberculosis is a multi-systematic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations and is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. The disease is treated with the roasted cotyledonous part of Chrysophyllum albidum seeds by traditional practitioners in Ogun state, Nigeria. The phytoconstituents of the hexane fraction and the hexane extracts of the roasted seeds at 50o C, 100o C and 120o C were investigated using GC-MS analysis. The results showed the hexane fraction of the raw seeds contained 92.71 % by proportion of esters of long chain fatty acids. The hexane extract of roasted seeds (50o C) contained 68.69 % of long chain fatty acids, hexane extract of roasted seeds (100o C) contained74.54 % while the hexane extract of roasted seeds (120oC) contained 91.65 %.The traditional method of application of roasted seeds instead of raw seeds in treating tuberculosis enhances the availability of free fatty acids. The main fatty acids content at 120o C are Hexadecanoic acid and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid. Fatty acids had been reported to be toxic to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus the efficacy of the treating of tuberculosis with the roasted seeds of Chrysophyllum albidum is due to the presence of hexadecanoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid which could work together or work synergistically with other antimicrobial effectors to bring about macrophage-mediated killing of the pathogen.
Incidences and reporting rates of incidental findings on lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spinal magnetic resonance images and extra-neuronal findings on brain magnetic resonance imagesö
Authors: Kızılgöz Volkan , Aydın Hasan , Sivrioğlu Ali Kemal , Özcan Ümit Can , Menderes Utku , Karayol Sunay Sibel , Erdem Ahmet
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence rates,
reporting rates, and the best imaging plane and sequence for incidental
findings in patients undergoing spinal and brain magnetic resonance (MR)
imaging. Methods: Three experienced radiologists retrospectively re-evaluated
the MR images of 1056 consecutive patients. Results: The incidence rates for extraspinal incidental
findings for the images of the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine, and extra-neuronal
incidental findings on MR images of the brain were 35.47%, 32.25%, 29.16%, and
54.35%; respectively, with reporting rates of incidental findings for these
examinations of 31.47%, 8.33%, 29.50%, and 59.62%; respectively. For all
examination types, the T2-weighted sequence and the axial plain were the best
to reveal the incidental findings of MR examinations, other than that of the
cervical spine.

Conclusions: Incidental findings, which are commonly detected
during routine spinal and brain MR evaluations, are occasionally omitted from
formal radiological reports in daily practice. We strongly recommend checking
the T2-weighted axial plane for MR imaging of the lumbar, thoracic spine and
brain and taking a second look at the T2-weighted sagittal plane MR images of
the cervical spine during radiological evaluations.
The role of ultrasound imaging at detecting aortic aneurysm in emergency department
Authors: Eraybar Suna , Akköse Aydın Şule , Özkan Meral Leman , Atmaca Serhat , Nennicioglu Yasemin
Published: September 2018

Objective: Our study was carried out to investigate
the effects of focused ultrasound imaging which is performed by emergency physicians
in diagnosis and duration of treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods: The patients over 50 years; who applied
to Uludağ University Emergency Department with the complaints of abdominal
pain, side pain, chest pain, syncope, unexplained hypotension and under
suspicion of the abdominal aortic aneurysm, were included in the study. Bedside
ultrasound for abdominal aorta was done and diameter measurements of aorta
recorded in order to determine the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm or
to exclude the diagnosis. Results: A total of 133
patients were included in the study. Eight patients were excluded from the
study because of inadequate bedside US imaging. The aortic diameter was
measured as ≥ 3 cm in the 54 (43.2%) patients. The aortic diameter was found
more than 5 cm  in 8 (6.4%) patients.
After ultrasonographic investigations, aneurysm rupture (n = 5; 4%), aortic
dissction (n = 13; 10.4%) and aortic aneurysm (n = 36; 28.8%) were detected. The
diagnosis was confirmed with computed tomography in all patients who had aortic
pathology. Because of the continuance of clinic suspects in the patients whose
aortic diameters were less than 3 cm, their computed tomography images were
obtained and their aortic diameters were found within normal limits. Further
imaging studies weren’t performed at the remaining 48 (38.4%) patients because
different prediagnosis was considered. Emergency ultrasound had a sensitivity
of 100% (95% CI: 87-100), a specificity of 91% (95% CI: 90.8-99.8).

Conclusions: The diagnosis of abdominal aortic
aneurysms is omitted 30% in emergency departments. It has a high morbidity and
mortality if the diagnosis is skipped. In the presence of aortic aneurysm
suspicion, evaluation of aortic diameter by bedside ultrasound is diagnostic.
Bedside ultrasound evaluation by emergency physicians should become routine for
using time and investigation numbers properly.
Advances in Clinical Toxicology ISSN: 2577-4328 Genotoxicity, Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity Studies of Solid-State Cultivated Mycelial Powder of Antrodia Cinnamomea Adv Clin Toxicol Genotoxicity, Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity Studies of Solid-State Cultivated Mycelial Powder of Antrodia cinnamomea
Authors:   Medwin, Kumar KJ Senthil
Published: September 2018

Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan that has been used as folk medicine for health promotion and treating various diseases. In this study, the toxicological assessment of solid-state cultivated mycelial powder of A. cinnamomea (LE-SC) was performed using in vitro and in vivo assays. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LE-SC was determined to be greater than 13.3 g/kg bw. In addition, LE-SC showed no mutagenicity in Ames test and no genotoxic activity up to the dose of 10 g/kg bw in mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus and mice sperm abnormality tests. Moreover, result from 90 days repeated dose toxicity test showed that administration of LE-SC (1.9, 3.8 and 7.6 g/kg bw) in the diet had no observable adverse effects in both male and female rats. Accordingly, the results ensured the safety of LE-SC as food supplement and for human consumption.
A política de educação integral no Brasil e suas relações com as diretrizes da conferência de Jomtien
Authors: Jacomeli Mara Regina Martins , Barão Gilcilene de Oliveira Damasceno , Gonçalves Leandro Sartori
Published: September 2018

A Declaração Mundial de Educação para Todos é um dos resultados da Conferência de Jomtien, cujas diretrizes apontam para a conformação do setor educacional aos interesses do Capital, sobretudo através de parâmetros para organização da política educacional pressupondo: redução do papel do Estado no trato com as políticas sociais, parcerias público-privadas, ênfase na meritocracia e no esvaziamento do espaço escolar. As diretrizes da Conferência são marcos no campo político educacional brasileiro que tem se apresentado de maneira notória, em especial no atual consenso pela universalização da Educação Básica. Na sociedade brasileira o PDE - particularmente com o que se firma no Programa Mais Educação, posteriormente, Programa Novo mais Educação; e, também no Programa ensino Médio Inovador - mostra o vínculo entre a denominada educação integral e a ampliação do tempo de aprendizagem e empobrecimento curricular. Neste artigo, trata-se de analisar alguns dos eixos educacionais presentes nos documentos da Conferência Mundial de Educação para Todos para compreender o conceito de educação integral e seus desdobramentos na política educacional de educação integral no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Jomtien. Educação para Todos. Educação Integral.
A coordenação pedagógica e sua importância no processo educacional: um estudo de caso no município de Uruguaiana-RS
Authors: Pereira Silvia Esther Azambuja , Marinho Julio Cesar Bresolin , Pessano Edward Frederico Castro
Published: September 2018

A presente investigação trata-se de um trabalho qualitativo exploratório que busca identificar o perfil dos Professores Coordenadores Pedagógicos da Rede Municipal de Ensino no município de Uruguaiana/RS. Inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário no qual foi possível traçar as características dos investigados, diagnosticando suas dificuldades no desenvolvimento das suas práticas diárias e sobre o processo de reflexão crítica em relação aos múltiplos papéis assumidos por estes nas escolas da Rede Municipal. Através desse instrumento de pesquisa, também foi possível verificar a importância das reuniões de formação continuada promovidas pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação – SEMED no auxílio aos Professores Coordenadores Pedagógicos no desenvolvimento de suas funções. Os resultados indicaram que os Professores Coordenadores Pedagógicos possuem a percepção da sua importância dentro do sistema educacional da escola, atuando como mediadores do processo pedagógico e no auxílio aos professores. Segundo os dados encontrados, os investigados acreditam que as reuniões de formação continuada são fundamentais para as suas atuações nas instituições escolares e que a troca de experiência e informações entre seus pares, colabora para a qualificação de suas práticas. Os resultados encontrados corroboram com outros autores, salientando que o papel dos Professores Coordenadores Pedagógicos é imprescindível dentro da construção pedagógica nos estabelecimentos de ensino.  Palavras-chave: Coordenadores Pedagógicos. Ensino Fundamental. Perfil.
A temática ambiental na formação de professores nos cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Rondônia: um estudo no Campus de Porto Velho
Authors: De Barba Clarides Henrich , Cavalari Rosa Maria Feiteiro
Published: September 2018

O artigo analisa a inserção da temática ambiental nos cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Trata-se de um “estudo de caso”, realizado por meio de análise documental dos projetos pedagógicos curriculares e dos planos das disciplinas de sete cursos de licenciatura, a saber: Pedagogia, Ciências Sociais, História, Geografia, Biologia, Química e Física que trabalham com a temática ambiental em seus currículos. Foram realizadas entrevistas “semidiretivas” com 14 (quatorze) professores desses cursos.  Os dados foram analisados a partir da “Análise de conteúdo” de Bardin (2009), além das características de Ambientalização curricular elaboradas pela Rede ACES (2002). Os resultados revelam que os cursos de Licenciatura investigados privilegiam temas ambientais relacionados às questões amazônicas como o multiculturalismo ambiental, a biodiversidade, a espacialidade, a poluição e degradação da biodiversidade, da espacialidade e da territorialidade, da justiça ambiental, dos contextos históricos ambientais regionais. Constatou-se que os cursos contribuem para a formação de professores no campo da Educação Ambiental na Amazônia. Os currículos e as falas dos docentes evidenciam as seguintes características de Ambientalização Curricular: “compromisso com as transformações nas relações sociedade-natureza”; “contextualização local-global-local, global-local-global”; “levar em conta os participantes na construção do conhecimento” “considerar os aspectos cognitivos e afetivos, éticos e estéticos”. Palavras-chave: Temática ambiental no Ensino Superior. Formação de Professores. Educação ambiental.
Use of Non-Parametric Approaches on Normality of Hydrologic Variables
Authors: Yürekli Kadri , Erdoğan Müberra , Cömert Mehmet Murat
Published: September 2018

Parametric approaches in statistical analysis assume that any given data are normally distributed. Therefore, the test of whether this conventional assumption is valid should be made in this context of the available data‘s normality before being passed to the application of statistical tests. The paper is focused on the normality methodologies commonly used in literature, named Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Jarque-Bera, D‘agostino, Anderson Darling, Shapiro-Wilk and Ryan Joiner. In the study, the seasonal maximum data from eight streamflow gauging stations in Yesilirmak Basin was used as material. The normality in the 59% of the whole data sets were obtained as the highest result by the Kolmogorov –Smirnov approach, when compared to the other normality tests considered in the study.
Isochrysis affinis galbana ve Phaeodactylum tricornutum Kültürlerinde Kuru Madde Tahminlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Uslu Leyla , Kayaalp Gökhan Tamer , Işık Oya , Çimen Burcu Ak , Güney Melis Çelik
Published: September 2018

Isochrysis affinis galbana tek hücreli denizel bir mikroalg türü olup yüksek miktarda uzun zincirli doymamış yağ asitleri (PUFA) içermesinden dolayı akuakültürde özellikle bivalvia larvalarının beslenmesinde canlı yem kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Phaeodactylum tricornutum ise oval ve fusiform hücre şekilleri olan tek hücreli pennat bir diyatom türüdür. Phaeodactylum tricornutum %30-45 arasında uzun zincirli doymamış yağ asitlerini (PUFA) içermekte ve bu oranın da %20-40‘ını eikosapentaenoik asit (EPA) oluşturmaktadır. Esansiyel yağ asitlerinden eikosapentaenoik asit'in önemli potansiyel kaynağı olarak düşünülen mikroalgler insan gıdası olarak ve akuakültürde hayvan beslenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada, Isochrysis affinis galbana ve Phaeodactylum tricornutum kültürlerine ait kuru madde miktarlarının çoklu regresyon analizi yöntemi kullanılarak tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türler, F/2 besi ortamında %20 aşılama oranı ile kontrol grubu ve %50 oranında azotun eksiltildiği besi ortamı kullanılarak, laboratuvar ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Deneme süresince optik yoğunluk, kuru madde ve klorofil a günlük olarak ölçülmüştür. Türlere ait kontrol grubu ve %50 oranında azotun eksiltildiği gruplarda optik yoğunluk ve klorofil a kullanılarak matematiksel bir model oluşturulmuştur. Bu modellerin önem testleri yapılıp, R2 ve HKO bulunmuştur.
SAĞLIK BİLİŞİMİ ve TÜRKİYE’DE HASTANELERİN DİJİTALLEŞMESİ
Authors: Vermişli Peker Sevgi , Yavuz Van Gıersbergen Meryem , Biçersoy Gülten
Published: September 2018

Sağlıklı
ve gelişmiş toplum hedefine ulaşabilmek ancak iyi örgütlenmiş bir sağlık
sistemi ile mümkündür. İyi örgütlenmiş bir sağlık sisteminin oluşturulmasında
sağlık bilişim sistemlerinin önemi oldukça büyüktür. Sağlık sektöründe yer alan
kurumlar, sundukları sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik karar verme aşamasında bilgi
teknolojileri ve sağlık bilişim sistemlerinden faydalanmak durumundadır. Bu
derlemenin amacı, sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumunda bilgi teknolojileri ve sağlık
bilişim sistemlerinin kullanımının Türkiye’deki durumunu incelemektir.
Capital intercultural y posición socio-educacional: un análisis estadístico de las prácticas de lectura en idiomas extranjeros en la población alemana contemporánea
Authors: Pöllmann Andreas
Published: September 2018

Con base en los datos recolectados por la encuesta Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften 2016, el presente artículo pretende predecir la incorporación del capital intercultural en términos de las prácticas de lectura en idiomas extranjeros en una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de alemanes contemporáneos con edades de 18 años o más, y con nacionalidad alemana por nacimiento. El correspondiente análisis de regresión logística binaria revela un impacto estadísticamente significativo marcado particularmente por las clases sociales en las cuales se perciben los encuestados y por su nivel de educación formal.  El impacto explicativo, estadísticamente medido, que las respectivas variables socio-educacionales tienen sobre las prácticas de lectura en idiomas extranjeros muestra claramente la pertinencia epistemológica de un enfoque probabilístico y multifactorial en el estudio de la aplicación de capital intercultural incorporado – aún en países que pudieran considerarse ricos y democráticamente consolidados, como lo es la República Federal de Alemania.
¿Por qué Teocelo sí pudo? Un análisis de los factores de éxito del Programa de Gestión Integral de Residuos
Authors: Wojtarowski Leal Astrid , Piñar Álvarez María Ángeles , Pérez Juárez María del Rayo
Published: September 2018

La presente investigación analiza los factores que han incidido en el éxito de la implementación del programa de gestión integral de residuos sólidos urbanos en el municipio de Teocelo (2001-2017) desde la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TCP). Metodológicamente se abordó desde un enfoque cualitativo, con la aplicación de entrevistas. Los resultados muestran los principales factores que influyeron en la participación de la ciudadanía en el programa municipal y confirman la pertinencia de la TCP para explicar el caso específico que hemos analizado, pero con matizaciones: desde una perspectiva no sólo individual sino también colectiva y con la presencia de una compleja red de elementos cognitivos y emocionales que influyen en el comportamiento de los sujetos del grupo de estudio. Se concluye con la importancia de la necesaria vinculación de participación social y el liderazgo del sector público en materia ambiental para llevar a cabo políticas públicas municipales eficientes.
Social Media Desire and Impulsiveness: Intensified by Self-Immersion, Reduced by Mindfulness
Authors: Galla Brian , Baelen Rebecca N. , Fiore Hannah M. , Hutt Stephen , Shenhav Amitai
Published: September 2018

Two laboratory experiments with undergraduates examined how social media desire emerges, intensifies, and can be altered. At the start of the experiment, participants submitted a Facebook status update and were led to believe that this would be posted and that responses to it would be monitored and logged over the course of the experiment. Desire to check Facebook increased following a subsequent 15-minute waiting period where participants heard sounds notifying them of friends responding to their status update, but they were not allowed to check the notifications. Moreover, reward simulations—mental elaborations about the positive aspects of checking social media—during the waiting period strengthened this desire. Both experiments also contrasted a group of participants who engaged in either a brief mindfulness, self-immersion, or, in Study 1, unfocused attention exercise during the 15-minute waiting period. Following the exercise, participants then adopted this new perspective while viewing and rating a Facebook advertisement (Study 1), or while performing a self-control task that allowed them to switch between practicing math skills or watching entertaining videos (Study 2). Participants in the mindfulness condition reported significantly less Facebook desire compared with participants in control conditions. Moreover, mindfulness led participants to report less positive attitudes about the Facebook advertisement (Study 1) and spend more time spent practicing math, as opposed to watching entertaining videos (Study 2). Reductions in reward simulations mediated these effects. These findings advance theoretical understanding of how social media desire unfolds and suggest ways for helping young adults manage these desires.
Sejarah dan Revitalisasi Perjuangan Pertanian Nahdlatul Ulama Melawan Ketidakadilan Agraria
Authors: Luthfi Ahmad Nashih
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Historiographically, there is false understanding that the 1960’s landreform in Indonesia was only supported by communism party, and religion-based parties were on the opposite sides, ideologically and sociologically. This article contradicts the simplification of the understanding of the history by pointed out that Nahdlatul Ulama supported the policy of land reform. The support was within the framework of the creation of justice, as well as the understanding that private land ownership is respected in Islam, as part of the goal in enforcing syari’at: to keep the possessions of the umat (hifdhul maal). Not only on the implementation, Pertanu also defend and fight for the peasants when they were expelled, and their lands were taken over (counter-landreform) post 1965. Based on the archived of ANRI and local military documents, this article record the institutional history of Pertanu and its struggle to defent the peasants after 1965, and the dynamic of the implementation of land reform and its backflow in Banyuwangi, East Java. The description of historical experiences of this peasant organization is equipped by contextual reflection and its revitalization on current era when facing contemporary agrarian issues. Intisari: Secara historiografis berkembang pemahaman yang keliru bahwa landreform era 1960-an di Indonesia hanya didukung oleh partai berpaham komunisme. Sedangkan partai berbasiskan agama, berada pada pihak yang berseberangan, baik secara ideologis maupun sosiologis. Artikel ini membantah simplifikasi pemahaman sejarah tersebut dengan menunjukkan bahwa Nahdlatul Ulama mendukung kebijakan landreform. Dukungan itu dalam kerangka penciptaan keadilan sekaligus pemahaman bahwa kepemilikan tanah pribadi dihormati di dalam Islam, sebab merupakan bagian dari tujuan penegakan syari’at: menjaga harta benda umat (hifdhul maal). Tidak hanya pada tahap pelaksanaan, Pertanu bahkan juga membela dan memperjuangkan kaum tani tatkala mereka diusir dan diambil-alih tanahnya kembali (counter-landreform) pasca 1965. Berdasarkan arsip dari ANRI dan dokumen militer daerah, artikel ini merekam sejarah kelembagaan Pertanu dan perjuangannya dalam membela kaum tani pasca 1965, serta dinamika pelaksanaan landreform dan arus baliknya yang terjadi di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Uraian pengalaman sejarah perjalanan organisasi tani ini dilengkapi dengan refleksi kontekstualitasi dan revitalisasinya pada era saat ini tetkala berhadapan dengan masalah-masalah agraria kontemporer.
Investigation of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal response in gamma-irradiated poly(lactic acid) for high-dose dosimetry
Authors: Ureña-Núñez Fernando , Galindo Salvador
Published: September 2018

This paper is concerned with the investigation of the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) signal response to Co60 gamma-ray radiation on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA). The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of PLA as a high-dose dosimeter. The EPR-signal response of PLA has been investigated to determine some of its dosimetric characteristics such as: signal intensity versus gamma dose received, zero-dose response, signal fading, signal repeatability, batch homogeneity, detection threshold, and stability under simulated sunlight exposure. It is concluded that PLA might be used as a high-dose dosimeter.
Sub-nanosecond, megawatt compact diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser
Authors: Cudney Roger Sean , Minor Citlali
Published: September 2018

We present a compact source of sub-nanosecond infrared laser pulses. The system is a diode-pumped, passively Q-switched Nd:YLF laser that emits 1.047µm pulses with a FWHM duration of 750 ps, an energy of 2.3 mJ per pulse at a repetition rate of over 40 Hz. We also provide a simple rate-equation model that adequately describes the experimental results. This laser is ideal for several applications that require energetic sub-nanosecond pulses that cannot be obtained easily with actively Q-switched lasers or mode-locked lasers.
3D flow of Carreau polymer fluid over variable thickness sheet in a suspension of microorganisms with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux
Authors: Prasad P. Durga , Varma S. V. K. , Raju C.S.K. , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Meraj M.A.
Published: September 2018

Numerical study of three dimensional Carreau liquid flow with heat and mass transport features over a variable thickness sheet filled with microorganisms is analyzed. We considered the non-uniform heat sink or source and multiple slip effects. The governing non-linear partially differential expressions are developed into ordinary differential systems by using variable transformations. These expressions are solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta fourth order method connected with shooting methodology. A Parametric study is implemented to demonstrate the effects of Hartmann number, Prandtl number, Weissenberg number, Peclet number, chemical reaction and heat sink/source parameters on liquid velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. The quantities of physical interest are described within the boundary layer. From this analysis, we found that the magnetic parameter decrease the local Sherwood and local Nusselt numbers for both and cases. The constraint of chemical reaction enhances the mass transfer rate and decelerates the density of motile mass transfer rate. The space dependent and temperature dependent heat source/sink suppress the local Nusselt number.
DEVLETİN NESEPTEN SEBEBE GEÇİŞİNE DİRENEN BİR UNSUR OLARAK ÇİHİLGAN/KIRKLAR MECLİSİ
Authors: Koç Bilal
Published: September 2018

Bu tebliğ metni ile birlikte
Delhi Tük Sultanlığı’nın önemli bir karar mercii olan ve asıl adı Meclis-i Çihilgan olan Kırklar Meclisi’nin konumu ve etkinliği
ele alınacaktır. Kırklar Meclisi, Şemsîler Hanedânı (1211-1266)’nın kurucusu
Sultan Şemseddîn İltutmuş tarafından kurulmuştur. Bu meclis Delhi Türk Sultanlığı’nın
emir (bey) ve melik (vali) lerinden oluşmuştur. Sultan İltutmuş’un vefatının
ardından Delhi tahtına Kırk Türk Memlûku’nun onayını alan kimseler çıkmıştır.
Bu meclis üyeleri kendi aralarından 1266 yılında Balaban Hanedanı
(1266-1290)’nın kurucusu Sultan Gıyaseddîn Balaban’ı da tahta çıkarmışlardır.
Bu yönüyle devlet içerisinde etkin bir konumu bulunan meclis üyelerinin
özellikle Sultan Raziye (1236-1240) döneminde etkinlikleri azaltılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Sultan Raziye’nin Türk memlûklar yerine Cemaleddîn Yakut Habeşî adlı birisini kendisine
yardımcı tayin etmesiyle birlikte Kırk Türk Memlûku açısından etkin mücadele
başlamıştır. Sultan Raziye ve kendisinden sonra Delhi tahtında oturan
sultanların da isteği bir an evvel, Türk Memlûkları’nın merkezî otorite
karşısında nüfuzunu kırmak olmuştur. Bu noktada Sultan Raziye, devletin ve
hanedanın dayandığı nesep bağını ortadan kaldırarak, kendisine bağlılık
gösterecek kimseleri devlet kademelerine tayin etmek istemiştir. Bu çalışma ile
birlikte de Kırk Türk Memlûku’nun devletin dayandığı aslî unsur olarak
yönetimdeki dönüşüm çabaları karşısındaki direniş vaziyeti ele alınmıştır.
TÜRKÇEDE BİRDEN FAZLA ANLAM ÖGESİYLE (SENTAKTİK YOLLA) KAVRAMLARIN İŞARETLEMESİ
Authors: ALYILMAZ Semra
Published: September 2018

Türkçe
ile ilgili kaynak eserlerde (dil bilgisi ve dil bilimi kitaplarında, ders
kitaplarında ve terim sözlüklerinde) Türkçenin kavramları işaretleme / sözcük
yapma yollarından bahsedildiğinde genelde kök, köken ve gövde hâlindeki anlamlı
dil ögelerinin (sözcüklerin) üzerlerine bazı görevli dil ögeleri (yapım ekleri
/ türetme ekleri) getirilerek kavramların
işaretlendiği belirtilir. Bu kavram işaretleme yöntemini “morfolojik yolla /
ekler vasıtasıyla kavramları işaretleme” olarak adlandırmak mümkündür.

Türkçede
yeni kavramlar adlandırılırken “morfolojik yolla / ekler vasıtasıyla kavramları
işaretleme” dışında birden fazla sözcük, farklı şekillerde bir araya
getirilerek de kavramlar işaretlenir. Türkçede, “sentaktik / söz dizimsel
yöntemle kavramları işaretleme” olarak adlandırabileceğmiz bu yolla yapılmış pek
çok kavram işareti bulunmaktadır.

Bu
makalede Türkçede sentaktik / söz dizimsel yöntemle yapılmış kavram
işaretlerinin yapıları örneklerle birlikte dikkatlere sunulmaktadır.
Understanding the Livelihood Characteristics of the Migratory and Non-Migratory Fishers of the Padma River, Bangladesh
Authors: Khan M. I. , Islam M. M. , Kundu G. K. , Akter M. S.
Published: September 2018

The Padma is the second longest and one of the trans-boundary rivers of Bangladesh that significantly contributes to fisheries production and supports the fishers’ livelihoods. This study assesses the livelihood characteristics of the Padma river-dependent migratory and non-migratory fishers, employing household interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews from July to October, 2015. All migratory fishers were full-time fishers, whereas, non-migratory fishers included full time (88.89%), part-time and occasional fishers (11.11%). Maximum fishers were belonging to the age group of 31 to 50 years of which 94.74% were migratory and 57.4% were non-migratory fishers. Half of the migratory and non-migratory fishers were illiterate. 89.47% migratory fishers used river water for drinking and other purposes, whereas, 94.44% non-migratory fishers used tube-well water. Average annual incomes of both migratory (58%) and non-migratory (65%) fishers ranged from Tk. 30,000 to 60,000, whereas 26% migratory and 5% non-migratory fishers had average annual incomes above Tk. 60,000. The overall livelihood status of the migratory and non-migratory fishers was not satisfactory as they have faced problems like conflicts with elite groups for resources, lack of fish preservation facilities. Effective initiatives and their proper implementations are very crucial to develop the Padma river fisher’s livelihood conditions.
CAUSAS DIETÉTICAS DE UROLITÍASE EM CÃES
Authors: Peixoto Tainara Micaele , Alves Amanda Saunders , Coutinho Jorge , Alencar Amanda , Correia costa Paula Priscila
Published: September 2018

A Urolitíase é uma afecção metabólica que pode ter diversas causas e frequentemente afeta os cães de diversas raças, idades e sexo. A dieta do animal pode interferir tanto no aparecimento quanto na prevenção de recidivas de urolitíase, por isso, é considerada de fundamental importância na prevenção da afecção do trato urinário, minimizando as chances de formação de cálculos. O diagnóstico é baseado na anamnese, sinais clínicos e exames complementares como a urinálise, ultrassonografia, a radiografia, entre outros. Os sinais clínicos mais comumente observados em animais acometidos são a hematúria, disúria e polaquiúria. O tratamento clínico da urolitíase tem por objetivo a promoção da dissolução e/ou interrupção do crescimento subsequente dos urólitos, podendo ser feito através de modificações na dieta ou, em alguns casos, é necessária a realização de cirurgia.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE O TESTE DE FITA REAGENTE ATRAVÉS DA URINA E O TESTE DE BETA-HIDROXIBUTIRATO PELO SANGUE PARA DETECÇÃO DE CETOSE EM VACAS LACTANTES.
Authors: Geron Caroline Cella , Maria Flávia Nesi , Sampaio Augusto José Savioli , Nakazato Gerson , Nishio Erick Kenji
Published: September 2018

A cetose bovina é uma doença metabólica que atinge vacas principalmente após o parto, podendo apresentar-se tanto na forma clínica como subclínica e muitas vezes não é percebido pelo produtor, porém causa perdas econômicas consideráveis, pois há uma diminuição na  produção de leite, atraso do próximo parto e desenvolvimento de doenças secundárias. Neste trabalho foi realizado um levantamento em 41 vacas pós-parto (oitavo ao sexagésimo dia de lactação), para análise comparativa de dois métodos de diagnóstico de cetose bovina,  por meio da avaliação da presença de corpos cetônicos na urina, utilizando fita reagente em comparação com o beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB) no sangue total, utilizando aparelho portátil. O teste realizado através do exame de urina com fita reagente obteve resultado de 2,4% (1/41) de animais positivos enquanto o realizado através de aparelho automático portátil, apresentou 58,5% (24/41) de positividade para cetose, todas subclínica. Pode-se evidenciar que o teste com aparelho portátil é mais eficiente e é possível realizar um diagnóstico precoce, já que a cetose identificada com o teste da urina precisa estar em altas concentrações para ser positiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar qual método de diagnóstico de cetose subclínica e clínica é mais eficaz, com maior precisão de dados, maior facilidade em coleta e melhor relação.
PESQUISA E OPINIÃO: QUALIDADE E SATISFAÇÃO DOS UTILIZADORES DOS SERVIÇOS CIRÚRGICOS DE OVARIOHISTERECTOMIA (OHE) REALIZADOS EM AMBIENTE ACADÊMICO NO IFC-CONCÓRDIA, NO PERÍODO DE 2013 A 2016
Authors: Olsson Débora Cristina , Salles Cleucy Jauqeline , Locatelli Gabriela Maria , Rafagnin Letícia , Chappuis Raquel , Gusatto Regina Carla
Published: September 2018

O objetivo foi realizar uma pesquisa de reconhecimento sobre a qualidade dos serviços cirúrgicos ofertados pelos discentes do IFC-Concórdia. Foi realizada uma análise de dados dos prontuários clínico-cirúrgicos de cadelas e gatas submetidas ao procedimento de ovariohisterectomia (OHE). Os dados obtidos foram relativos à identificação dos animais, a indicação para o procedimento e o número do telefone dos tutores. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre a qualidade e bem-estar dos seus animais durante a recuperação cirúrgica em ambiente domiciliar. As perguntas foram agrupadas em três domínios e o percentual de respostas “sim”, “não” e “não sabe” foi tabulado e submetido à análise descritiva. Na atribuição alteração do comportamento, 94% das fêmeas demonstraram modificação comportamental e 85% apresentaram alterações no apetite. 95% dos tutores não notaram alteração na ferida cirúrgica; 89% declararam não ter dificuldade em realizar o pós-operatório e 11% dos afirmaram ter tido dificuldade em manipular seu animal; 15% julgaram acreditar que o animal possa ter sentido dor; 79% mencionaram que o animal não sentiu dor e 6% não souberam responder. A percepção de cio não foi observada nos animais de 99% dos entrevistados. 100% dos tutores confirmam que as orientações repassadas foram importantes, 98% relataram que a atenção prestada pelo acadêmico, ultrapassou a expectativa e 99% deles submeteria outra fêmea à OHE no IFC. Dentre as qualidades dos serviços oferecidos,100% dos entrevistados julgaram que as informações repassadas foram de extrema importância para a correta realização do pós-operatório domiciliar.
Multiculturalism in the workplace: Model and test
Authors: Jackson Leon T.B. , Van de Vijver Fons J.R.
Published: September 2018

Orientation: This article addresses the role of multiculturalism in employee attitudes.Research purpose: It proposes a model of positive features of multiculturalism in organisations and tests it in South Africa. The model postulates three levels in multiculturalism: antecedent conditions, such as multiculturalism practices and norms that define the diversity climate; mediators, such as diversity-enhancing employee attitudes; and positive work outcomes.Motivation for the study: South Africans from diverse backgrounds hardly meet in their private spaces. Given this forced contact in the workplace and the calls for national unity and social cohesion, we propose that a workplace that is characterised by mutual respect, accommodation and tolerance for difference could have a positive impact on employee work attitudes.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative approach was adopted using survey questionnaires that were distributed to employees selected on the basis of convenience sampling (N = 299) in various workplaces.Main findings: A multi-group path analysis confirmed the validity of the model for the white, black and mixed race ethnic groups. Although the differences were negligible to medium, white groups seemed to experience a slightly more favourable multicultural environment compared to black and mixed race groups.Practical/managerial implications: All dimension scores were well above the mid-point of the scale, which suggests that psychometrically speaking, the multicultural climate, ethnic integration orientations and employee attitudes are experienced by these employees as favourable.Contribution/value-add: From a conceptual perspective, the model implies that the more distal variable of a multicultural climate influences employee attitudes through a set of more proximal integration attitudes and practices. From a practical perspective, an inclusive climate has more distal characteristics such as the general multiculturalism climate and more proximal characteristics such as ethnic vitality.
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ARTESUNATE SUPPOSITORY IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER ANTIMALARIALS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE MALARIA IN SUDAN
Authors: AWAD M. I. , ALKADRU A. M. Y. , BEHRENS R. H. , BARAKA O. Z. , ELTAYEB I. B.
Published: September 2018

Documentation on the efficacy of artesunate in Africa is limited, and no experience of artesunate use in Sudan is documented. Severe malaria in rural areas of Sudan, where facilities for the safe and effective use of parenteral quinine are lacking, is a frequent problem. Early treatment with artesunate suppositories would provide a simple method for use by unskilled staff and would be an alternative approach to treat malaria in settings with poor resources. We describe a hospital-based study of rectal artesunate in 100 adult patients with severe falciparum malaria with a dose derived from pharmacokinetic data (200 mg every 8 hours) over 3 days, which halted progression of severe disease and had a low fatality rate. The dosage schedule led to a rapid clinical response and reduced parasite clearance and fever subsidence times of (31.5 ± 10.1 hours) and (31.4 ± 11.1 hours). The sequential treatment of rectal artesunate with either doxycycline or pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine or mefloquine resulted in similar clinical cure rates of around 100%, and the combination of artesunate with either doxycycline or pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine was equally effective as mefloquine in preventing recrudescence. There were no significant adverse effects or signs of toxicity related to the treatment observed during the 28-day follow-up. The combination regimens could be used in areas where there is limited access to parenteral therapy for malaria.
MALARIA TRANSMISSION IN URBAN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: ROBERT VINCENT , MACINTYRE KATE , KEATING JOSEPH , TRAPE JEAN-FRANCOIS , DUCHEMIN JEAN-BERNARD , WARREN MCWILSON , BEIER JOHN C.
Published: September 2018

The rapid increase in the world’s urban population has major implications for the epidemiology of malaria. A review of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan African cities shows the strong likelihood of transmission occurring within these sprawling cities, whatever the size or characteristics of their bioecologic environment. A meta-analysis of results from studies of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa shows a loose linear negative relationship between mean annual entomologic inoculation rates (EIR) and the level of urbanicity. Few studies have failed to find entomologic evidence of some transmission. Our results show mean annual EIRs of 7.1 in the city centers, 45.8 in periurban areas, and 167.7 in rural areas. The impact of urbanization in reducing transmission is more marked in areas where the mean rainfall is low and seasonal. Considerable variation in the level of transmission exists among cities and within different districts in the same city. This article presents evidence from past literature to build a conceptual framework to begin to explain this heterogeneity. The potential for malaria epidemics owing to decreasing levels of natural immunity may be offset by negative impacts of urbanization on the larval ecology of anopheline mosquitoes. Malaria control in urban environments may be simpler as a result of urbanization; however, much of what we know about malaria transmission in rural environments might not hold in the urban context.
ENTOMOLOGICAL EVALUATION BY POOL SCREEN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION OF ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS TRANSMISSION IN ECUADOR FOLLOWING MASS MECTIZAN™ DISTRIBUTION
Authors: GUEVARA ANGEL G. , VIEIRA JUAN C. , LILLEY BRUCE G. , LÓPEZ ANDREA , VIEIRA NADIA , RUMBEA JOSE , COLLINS RICHARD , KATHOLI CHARLES R. , UNNASCH THOMAS R.
Published: September 2018

The prevalence of infected and infective black flies was estimated by pool screen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in the three river basins in Ecuador endemic for onchocerciasis. Mass distribution of ivermectin (Mectizan™) resulted in dramatic declines in the prevalence of infected and infective flies. In the Rio Santiago river basin, no infections were detected, suggesting that transmission had ceased. The ratio of infected to infective flies in Simulium exiguum was 10-fold lower than the corresponding ratio for Simulium quadrivittatum, suggesting that S. exiguum is a more-competent vector for Onchocerca volvulus than S. quadrivittatum. However, the prevalence of infective flies in the two species was not different, suggesting that S. quadrivittatum may play an important vectorial role where it is the dominant human-biting species. The data demonstrate that pool screen PCR is an efficient way to monitor transmission in areas subject to control, and to certify an area as free of O. volvulus transmission
EFFICACY OF PERMETHRIN-TREATED BED NETS IN THE PREVENTION OF MORTALITY IN YOUNG CHILDREN IN AN AREA OF HIGH PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION IN WESTERN KENYA
Authors: PHILLIPS-HOWARD PENELOPE A. , NAHLEN BERNARD L. , KOLCZAK MARGARETTE S. , HIGHTOWER ALLEN W. , TER KUILE FEIKO O. , ALAII JANE A. , GIMNIG JOHN E. , ARUDO JOHN , VULULE JOHN M. , ODHACHA AMOS , KACHUR S. PATRICK , SCHOUTE ERIK , ROSEN DANIEL H. , SEXTON JOHN D. , OLOO AGGREY J. , HAWLEY WILLIAM A.
Published: September 2018

A group-randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) was conducted in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya to test the effect of ITNs on all-cause mortality in children 1–59 months of age. Child deaths were monitored over a two-year period by biannual household census in Asembo (1997–1998) and in Gem (1998–1999). Overall, 1,722 deaths occurred in children 1–59 months followed for 35,932 child-years. Crude mortality rates/1,000 child-years were 51.9 versus 43.9 in control and ITN villages in children 1–59 months old. The protective efficacy (PE) (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, study year, study site, and season was 16% (6–25%). Corresponding figures in 1–11- and 12–59-month-old children in control and ITN villages were 133.3 versus 102.3, PE = 23% (11–34%) and 31.1 versus 28.7, PE = 7% (−6–19%). The numbers of lives saved/1,000 child-years were 8, 31, and 2 for the groups 1–59, 1–11, and 12–59 months old, respectively. Stratified analysis by time to insecticide re-treatment showed that the PE of ITNs re-treated per study protocol (every six months) was 20% (10–29%), overall and 26% (12–37%) and 14% (−1–26%) in 1–11- and 12–59-month-old children, respectively. ITNs prevent approximately one in four infant deaths in areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, but their efficacy is compromised if re-treatment is delayed beyond six months.
MULTIPLE HEMORRHAGIC BRAIN INFARCTS AFTER VIPER ENVENOMATION
Authors: BOVIATSIS EFSTATHIOS J. , KOUYIALIS ANDREAS T. , PAPATHEODOROU GEORGE , GAVRA MARO , KORFIAS STEFANOS , SAKAS DAMIANOS E.
Published: September 2018

We report the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with severe neurologic complications after envenomation by a viper snake. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple brain hemorrhagic infarcts. Conservative treatment in this case proved to be sufficient and repetitive CT scans displayed a complete resolution of the radiologic findings. Possible mechanisms for the cerebral infarctions are discussed. The mechanism of infarctions in this case was believed to be the vasomotor and coagulation disorders caused by the toxins present in the snake’s venom and was one of the reasons that led to conservative treatment.
A RETROSPECTIVE EXAMINATION OF ANEMIA DURING INFECTION OF HUMANS WITH PLASMODIUM VIVAX
Authors: COLLINS WILLIAM E. , JEFFERY GEOFFREY M. , ROBERTS JACQUELIN M.
Published: September 2018

A retrospective examination was made of archival data on 98 patient episodes of infection with Plasmodium vivax occurring over a period of 4–11 weeks to document changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations associated with continuing parasitemia. The mean percentage change in the Hb concentration for each of the 10 seven-day intervals was −13.4, −10.9, −4.8, 0.12, 0.94, 4.0, 0.69, 11.6, 2.4, and 8.3, respectively. An equilibrium appeared to be established between weeks 4 and 6. Decreases in Hb concentrations were greatest following the first week of parasitemia. Total restoration to preinfection levels did not occur during persistent parasitemia.
CASE REPORT: RECTAL ADMINSTRATION OF IVERMECTIN TO A PATIENT WITH STRONGYLOIDES HYPERINFECTION SYNDROME
Authors: TARR PHILIP E. , MIELE PETER S. , PEREGOY KENNETH S. , SMITH MARGO A. , NEVA FRANKLIN A. , LUCEY DANIEL R.
Published: September 2018

Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome may be complicated by paralytic ileus that interferes with the absorption of oral anti-helminthics. We report on the administration of ivermectin as a rectal enema preparation to a renal transplant recipient with Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and progressive ileus. Attempts at treatment using nasogastric albendazole and ivermectin were unsuccessful despite clamping the nasogastric tube after drug administration. Ivermectin tablets were ground to a powder, resuspended in a commercially available suspending agent, and administered per rectum. The suspending agent was chosen for its near-physiologic osmolality to allow longer retention, in contrast to many enema preparations that have a laxative effect. The patient improved markedly within 72 hours of initiation of the therapy per rectum and recovered fully. Ivermectin administered as an enema may be beneficial in patients with severe strongyloidiasis who are unable to absorb or tolerate oral therapy.
SURVEILLANCE RESULTS FROM THE FIRST WEST NILE VIRUS TRANSMISSION SEASON IN FLORIDA, 2001
Authors: BLACKMORE CARINA G. M. , STARK LILLIAN M. , JETER WILLIAM C. , OLIVERI ROBIN L. , BROOKS ROBERT G. , CONTI LISA A. , WIERSMA STEVEN T.
Published: September 2018

After West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in Florida in July 2001, intensive surveillance efforts over the following five months uncovered virus activity in 65 of the state’s 67 counties with 1,106 wild birds, 492 horses, 194 sentinel chickens, and 12 people found infected with the virus. Thirteen of 28 mosquito isolations came from Culex mosquitoes. As seen in the northeastern United States, wild bird mortality was the most sensitive surveillance method. However, unlike the predominantly urban 1999 and 2000 epizootics, the Florida transmission foci were rural with most activity detected in the northern part of the state. All human cases were preceded by the detection of WNV in animals; however, only eight of the twelve cases were preceded by reports of WNV activity in the county of residence. West Nile virus-positive animals detected by multiple surveillance systems preceded seven of these cases by two weeks or more.
SHORT REPORT: CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER OUTBREAK IN RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN, FEBRUARY 2002
Authors: ATHAR MUHAMMAD NAUMAN , BAQAI HAIDER ZAIGHAM , AHMAD MASOOD , KHALID MOHAMMAD ALI , BASHIR NAGHMAN , AHMAD AHSAN MAQBOOL , BALOUCH ABBAS HAYAT , BASHIR KAUKAB
Published: September 2018

A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever occurred in Rawalpindi, Pakistan in February 2002. The identified index case died shortly after admission to a hospital. Two of the health care workers became secondary cases; one of them died on day 13 after coming in contact with the index case. The other secondary case was successfully treated with oral ribavirin.