bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Services Post-Capitalist? A Marxian Interrogation
Authors: Ikeler Peter
Published: April 2023

Recent post-capitalist theorizing, particularly Winant, revives the question of service sector growth. At stake is whether an economic system built on the extraction of surplus value can continue to function when ever-larger shares of workers do not produce this; also, whether their growing predominance prefigures post-capitalist relations of production. Most contributions offer imprecise concepts of service work and capitalist productivity, however. This article sharpens these with Marxian theoretical tools and assesses them using 2016–2020 US Census data, finding that less than one-fifth of service employees produce surplus value, while nearly half of non-service employees do. The majority of service and all formal US employees create important use values outside of direct capitalist exploitation. They thus pose a potentially post-capitalist constituency that is heavily—and non-randomly—female and Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). The implications of this for the transition away from capitalism, as well as for the transition debate itself, are then considered.
Numerical investigation of solidification behavior and inclusion transport with M-EMS in continuous casting mold
Authors: Gupta Vipul Kumar , Jha Pradeep Kumar , Jain Pramod Kumar
Published: April 2023

The present study deals with the development of a multiphase numerical model of the continuous casting process of steel bloom. Two SEN configurations that differ in port angles are considered for the study of flow pattern, temperature distribution, solidification thickness, interface fluctuation and inclusion behavior during the process. The influence of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the various output parameters is examined. The results show that the upper circulation loop formed in the 15° port angle case is responsible for higher inclusion removal, high interface level, and low solidification thickness in the meniscus region compared to that of the 30° case. The presence of M-EMS completely changes the flow pattern below SEN. Strong rotational flow coupled with oppositely directed swirl flow provides high tangential velocity near the solidification front and high axial velocity in the core region. It results in fluctuation in shell thickness along the casting direction and decreasing the superheated steam penetration. However, flow patterns remain unaffected above the SEN as upwards swirl flow is not able to reach this region. On applying the M-EMS, inclusion entrapment in solidifying shell increases for both 15° and 30° cases. In contrast, inclusion removal at the interface decreases for 15° case and increases for 30° case.
Circumferential groove on flow field and pressure fluctuation intensity of a semi-open centrifugal pump under design condition
Authors: Wang Like , Luo Xingqi , Lu Jinling , Feng Jianjun , Zhu Guojun , Wang Wei
Published: April 2023

The tip leakage flow (TLF) generated by the tip clearance has adverse effect on the performance of the impeller and increases pressure fluctuation. To suppress the effect of TLF on the instable flow in a semi-open centrifugal pump, the circumferential groove method is proposed in this paper. The effect of the circumferential groove on the internal flow and pressure fluctuation under the design condition is studied by combining numerical simulation with experiment. The results show that the head and efficiency were reduced by 1.1% and 1.0%, respectively. However, the circumferential groove provided a circumferential channel for leading edge overflow. The fluid in the groove formed a jet near the low-pressure region, which can effectively disperse the low-energy fluid of the blade inlet. The initial position and trajectory of the tip leakage vortex (TLV) move downstream, which decreases the relative flow angle and low-velocity region. The flow field in the blade tip region was improved remarkably. The low-frequency pressure fluctuation in the pressure surface and tip clearance of the blade inlet was suppressed by the circumferential groove, and pressure pulsation intensity decreased by 50% and 66%, respectively.
Mixed thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication and wear coupling simulation analysis for dynamical load journal bearings
Authors: Ding Ning , Yan Shebin , Ma Gaozhang , Li Hulin , Jiang Dan
Published: April 2023

In the crankshaft-connecting rod system of the diesel engine, the complicated lubrication and wear mechanisms of journal bearings are comprehensively affected by the elastic deformation effect, the asperity contact effect, the thermal effect as well as the lubricating oil viscosity-temperature effect. This paper proposes an adaptive iterative method based on a mixed thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic (TEHD) lubrication and wear coupling model to investigate the lubrication and wear behaviors of journal bearings in the mixed lubrication. The evolution laws of the oil film thickness, the hydrodynamic pressure, the asperity contact pressure, the friction power loss, and the wear distribution are discussed and compared under different running times, oil temperatures, external loads, and shaft rotational speeds. The three-dimensional surface models based on the asperity contact power loss and the maximum wear depth with the variation of the running time and the oil temperature are fitted under specific external loads and shaft rotational speeds. The simulation results demonstrate that the bearing wear process includes the initial wear stage and the stable wear stage, which has a significant influence on the changing trend and distribution of lubricating parameters. The three-dimensional surface fitting models can provide theoretical guidance for the future performance prediction of journal bearings under time-varying working conditions.
Regenerative braking torque compensation control based on improved ADRC
Authors: Zhao Linfeng , Wang Ning , Xia Guang , Mei Xueqing , Wang Huiran , Zhang Dingzhi
Published: April 2023

Electro-hydraulic braking (EHB) compensation is an effective method to solve the insufficient regenerative braking of electric vehicles, but the accuracy and speed of executive pressure response are still insufficient. In order to solve this problem, a brake pressure compensation control method based on EHB system is proposed and verified. Firstly, adaptive LuGre friction model and braking dead time compensation are introduced to obtain a more accurate friction model. Then, an electro-hydraulic braking control strategy based on Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (IADRC) is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation experiments and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation experiments. The test results show that the proposed control method can achieve accurate control of brake pressure compensation in time. The research results promote the research and application of EHB system to a certain extent.
A review on background, process and application of electrospun nanofibers for tissue regeneration
Authors: Vedakumari Sathyaraj Weslen , Jancy Sathyaraj Jacqulin Veda , Prabakaran Lokesh , Raja Pravin Yovan , Senthil Rethinam
Published: April 2023

Electrospinning is a versatile method which is used to synthesize nano/micro sized fibers under the influence of an electric field. Electrospun nanoscaffolds are one of the widely accepted platforms for cultivating soft and hard tissues as they create a perfect micro-environment for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Nanoscaffolds are widely used in the field of tissue engineering due to their versatility in aiding the growth of different types of cells and tissues for varied applications. The composition, molecular weight and structure of polymer used to fabricate nanoscaffold plays an important role in determining the size and strength of the nanofibers prepared. This review gives information about the background, process and different types of polymers used in electrospinning. Recent advances in culturing liver cells, osteoblasts, skin cells, neural cells and coronary artery smooth muscle cells on nanoscaffolds are also elucidated.
Naming psychiatry: apropos earliest use of the term by Karl Friedrich Burdach (1800)
Authors: Janssen Diederik F
Published: April 2023

The term psychiatry ( Psychiatrie) was first used in 1800, in the early work of Leipzig Romantic natural philosopher and later neuroanatomist Karl Friedrich Burdach; it was a recherché reference to medical animism. This little-known instance of neologism by a young ambitious author invites a brief lexicological study of psychiatry as a specialty in search of its place among the medical specialties, methods and applications. The European historical lexicology of psychiatry recalls the philosophical commentary tradition on Aristotle’s De Anima, eventually ( c. 1525) honoured with the mononym psychologia. The battle for the soul’s science was superseded by the increasingly diverse theoretical, empirical, forensic and literary-humanitarian interests in mental medicine during the second half of the eighteenth century.
The Effect of Entrepreneur Attributes on Investment Evaluations in Pitch Competitions
Authors: Lavi Adi Hoorvitch , Yaniv Eyal
Published: April 2023

Investment in early-stage ventures entails significant risk and uncertainty; for this reason, most investment pitches do not result in investments. Whereas the literature in entrepreneurial financing indicates that investors rely on their gut feelings, it remains unclear which entrepreneur attributes factor into this type of intuitive judgment. This study presents a holistic model of entrepreneur attributes as they relate to inventors’ evaluation of funding potential. The model is divided into three categories: entrepreneur–investor relational attributes, entrepreneur motivational attributes, and venture performance-influence attributes. The model is then tested on real-time pitch competitions, by analysing data from technology start-up entrepreneurs, psychologist evaluators, and investors. The model is grounded in dual-processing theory and signalling theory. It is hypothesised that investors base their evaluations on their intuitive judgment of the entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs’ competence, coachability, passion, preparedness, and leadership are shown to be associated with investors’ evaluations of funding potential.
Risk of Disordered Eating Among a Sample of Indian Adolescents: The Role of Online Activity, Social Anxiety and Social Support
Authors: Piko Bettina F. , Patel Kosha , Kiss Hedvig
Published: April 2023

Background:

Although the concept of a slim body was first introduced in Western societies, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating became a globalized issue, and appeared in India and other Asian cultures as well. However, we know much less about the background variables in this region.

Aim:

To further examine potential risk and protective factors for disordered eating, we aimed to detect the role of online activity (smartphone addiction, time spent online), social anxiety and social support as well as Body Mass Index (BMI), academic performance, and sociodemographics in elevating the risk of disordered eating among a sample of Indian adolescents.

Methods:

This study employed 112 high school students (aged between 14–18 years; mean age = 16.01 years; SD = 1.08; 47.3% females) from a private high school located in Vadodara, India. Besides sociodemographics, weight and height (Body Mass Index, BMI), academic performance, and average screen time on weekdays/weekends) were asked. We used four different instruments for exploring the psychological variables: Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV), The Kutcher Generalized Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (K-GSADS-A), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).

Results:

Using a cut-off score of 20 points, 9.8% of the students were evaluated as being at risk for disordered eating. Besides time spent online on weekdays, smartphone addiction, social anxiety and avoidance, and higher BMI scores elevated the risk of disordered eating in bivariate logistic regressions, while social support served as a protection. In the final multivariate model, only two factors remained significant contributors: being online on weekdays (risk) and being online on weekends (protection).

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the different roles of Internet use in the risk of disordered eating (weekdays: risky, weekend: protective) among this sample of Indian adolescents which can be explained by a possible shift in students’ social connections (from peers to family) during the different period of the week.
“She is My Work”: Caregiving for Older Adults With Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Agyapomah Rosemary , Boateng Edward Appiah , Amankwaa Isaac , Dzomeku Veronica Millicent , Peprah Lawrencia Oppong
Published: April 2023

To explore the lived experiences of informal caregivers of older adults with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in Kumasi, Ghana. A qualitative research approach was used to conduct the study using informal caregivers of older adults with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus at a teaching hospital in Ghana. In all, 20 participants were purposively sampled, interviewed, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged: “Experience with care demands,” “Coping with care demands,” and “Motivation for caregiving.” Older adults with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus had needs that placed a burden on informal caregivers’ work life, health, and social life. Informal caregivers of older adults with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus are under strain. Caregiving is a difficult task, requiring a lot of time, effort, attention, and devotion. Nurses should plan the care of older adults with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in collaboration with their informal caregivers.
Sales–Supply Chain Management Collaboration: Performance Effects and Boundary Conditions for International Salespeople
Authors: Schrock Wyatt A. , Zhao Yanhui , Adidam Phani Tej , Sindhav Birud , Hult Tomas
Published: April 2023

While interfunctional collaboration remains well-studied within the marketing literature, this research is the first to empirically explore the effects of sales–supply chain management (S-SCM) collaboration among salespeople selling internationally. Survey data from 310 international salespeople provide initial empirical evidence showing that S-SCM collaboration can positively predict international salesperson performance outcomes. To show that the effect is unique and provide rare empirical evidence, the authors simultaneously account for the effects of multiple forms of cross-functional collaboration (i.e., sales–marketing collaboration and sales–research and development collaboration). Matching the survey responses with objective country-level data, the authors also find that the value of S-SCM collaboration varies across countries. In particular, the positive effects of S-SCM collaboration were amplified by logistics capacity (or “logistics friendliness”) at the country level. The study's findings also indicate that the positive performance returns provided by S-SCM collaboration are even stronger for international salespeople focused on customer acquisition (vs. customer retention). Broadly, the study implies that, for optimal firm performance, those who are responsible for managing global supply chains should coordinate activities with those responsible for selling to global customers.
The Use of Biomarkers in Pharmacovigilance: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Salas Maribel , Gossell-Williams Maxine , Yalamanchili Priyanka , Dhingra Sameer , Malikova Marina A , Aimer Omar , Junaid Toluwalope
Published: April 2023

Background:

The use of biomarkers varies from disease etiognosis and diagnosis to signal detection, risk prediction, and management. Biomarker use has expanded in recent years, however, there are limited reviews on the use of biomarkers in pharmacovigilance and specifically in the monitoring and management of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Objective:

The objective of this manuscript is to identify the multiple uses of biomarkers in pharmacovigilance irrespective of the therapeutic area.

Design:

This is a systematic review of the literature.

Data Sources and Methods:

Embase and MEDLINE database searches were conducted for literature published between 2010-March 19, 2021. Scientific articles that described the potential use of biomarkers in pharmacovigilance in sufficient detail were reviewed. Papers that did not fulfill the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) definition of a biomarker were excluded, which is based on the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)−E16 guidance.

Results:

Twenty-seven articles were identified for evaluation. Most articles involved predictive biomarkers (41%), followed by safety biomarkers (38%), pharmacodynamic/response biomarkers (14%), and diagnostic biomarkers (7%). Some articles described biomarkers that applied to multiple categories.

Conclusion:

Various categories of biomarkers including safety, predictive, pharmacodynamic/response, and diagnostic biomarkers are being investigated for potential use in pharmacovigilance. The most frequent potential uses of biomarkers in pharmacovigilance in the literature were the prediction of the severity of an ADR, mortality, response, safety, and toxicity. The safety biomarkers identified were used to evaluate patient safety during dose escalation, identify patients who may benefit from further biomarker testing during treatment, and monitor ADRs.
The Alteration of Akkermansiaceae/Lachnospiraceae Ratio Is a Microbial Feature of Antibiotic-Induced Microbiota Remodeling
Authors: Chen Pei-Chen , Lin Ming-Shian , Lin Tien-Ching , Kang Ting-Wei , Ruan Jhen-Wei
Published: April 2023

Antibiotic treatment has been shown to cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, lacking critical features defining gut microbiota dysbiosis makes it challenging to prevent. By co-occurrence network analysis, we found that despite short antibiotic courses eliminating certain microbial taxa, the Akkermansia genus played the role of a high-centrality hub to maintain microbiota homeostasis. When the antibiotic courses continued, the elimination of Akkermansia induced a significant microbiota remodeling of the gut microbiota networks. Based on this finding, we found that under long-term antibiotic stress, the gut microbiota was rearranged into a stable network with a significantly lower Akkermansiaceae/ Lachnospiraceae (A/L) ratio and no microbial hub. By functional prediction analysis, we confirmed that the gut microbiota with a low A/L ratio also had enhanced mobile elements and biofilm-formation functions that may be associated with antibiotic resistance. This study identified A/L ratio as an indicator of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. This work reveals that besides the abundance of specific probiotics, the hierarchical structure also critically impacts the microbiome function. Co-occurrence analysis may help better monitor the microbiome dynamics than only comparing the differentially abundant bacteria between samples.
Digital Filtering and Signal Decomposition: A Priori and Adaptive Approaches in Body Area Sensing
Authors: Haratian Roya
Published: April 2023

Elimination of undesired signals from a mixture of captured signals in body area sensing systems is studied in this paper. A series of filtering techniques including a priori and adaptive approaches are explored in detail and applied involving decomposition of signals along a new system’s axis to separate the desired signals from other sources in the original data. Within the context of a case study in body area systems, a motion capture scenario is designed and the introduced signal decomposition techniques are critically evaluated and a new one is proposed. Applying the studied filtering and signal decomposition techniques demonstrates that the functional based approach outperforms the rest in reducing the effect of undesired changes in collected motion data which are due to random changes in sensors positioning. The results showed that the proposed technique reduces variations in the data for average of 94% outperforming the rest of the techniques in the case study although it will add computational complexity. Such technique helps wider adaptation of motion capture systems with less sensitivity to accurate sensor positioning; therefore, more portable body area sensing system.
Employment status, productivity loss, and associated factors among people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rodriguez Llorian Elisabet , Zhang Wei , Khakban Amir , Michaux Kristina , Patten Scott , Traboulsee Anthony , Oh Jiwon , Kolind Shannon , Prat Alexandre , Tam Roger , Lynd Larry D
Published: April 2023

Background:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affects people in their most productive years of life. Consequently, MS can substantially affect employment and work-related outcomes.

Objectives:

This study characterizes productivity loss and employment status of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and investigates associated factors.

Methods:

We used baseline data collected as part of the Canadian Prospective Cohort Study to Understand Progression in Multiple Sclerosis (CanProCo). Using the Valuation of Lost Productivity questionnaire, we measured MS-related paid work productivity loss for those employed, productivity losses incurred by those unemployed (i.e. lost employment time), and unpaid work productivity losses for all. A set of sociodemographic, disease, and performance-related factors were investigated using a two-part regression model for productivity loss and a multinomial logistic model for employment status.

Results:

From the cohort of 888 pwMS enrolled at baseline (mostly showing mild to moderate disability), 75% were employed, and of those unemployed, 69% attributed their unemployment to health-related issues. Total productivity loss over a 3-month period averaged 64 and 395 hours for those employed and unemployed, respectively. Some factors that affected productivity loss and employment status included use of disease-modifying therapies, fatigue, and performance indicators such as cognitive processing speed.

Conclusion:

Productivity loss experienced by employed and unemployed pwMS is substantial. Targeting the identified modifiable factors is likely to improve work productivity and permanence of MS patients in the workforce.
A randomized experiment of the effects of food advertisements on food-related emotional expectancies in adults
Authors: Cummings Jenna R , Hoover Lindzey V , Gearhardt Ashley N
Published: April 2023

Food-related emotional expectancies influence food intake, yet little is known about their determinants. The present study objectives were to experimentally test how food advertisements affect food-related emotional expectancies in adults and whether effects differed by individual levels of “food addiction” symptoms. Participants ( n = 718; Mage = 35.88, 36.8% with food addiction) were randomly assigned to watch video advertisements for highly processed foods, minimally processed foods, both food groups, or cellphones (control). Participants completed an attention check and questionnaires including the Anticipated Effects of Food Scale. Main effects of condition were non-significant. In participants with fewer symptoms of food addiction, watching video advertisements for highly processed foods increased expectancies that one would feel positive emotions while eating those foods, B( SE) = 0.40(0.16), p = 0.016, 95% CI (0.08, 0.72), ΔR2 = 0.03. Highly processed food advertisements may affect food-related emotional expectancies in adults who have not previously formed strong expectancies.
The menopause moment: The rising visibility of ‘the change’ in UK news coverage
Authors: Orgad Shani , Rottenberg Catherine
Published: April 2023

Drawing on feminist scholarship that interrogates cultural representations of ageing women, this article examines UK news coverage of menopause from 2001 to 2021. We show that not only has there been a dramatic rise in menopause’s visibility since 2015, and especially since 2021, but that the coverage is concentrated in the conservative right-wing press. We also document six peaks in coverage, which are driven by celebrity stories, news about menopause-related medical guidelines, national hormone replacement therapy shortages and menopause-related governmental interventions, as well as the use of menopause as a metaphor for the economy. Based on these findings, we discuss some key social, cultural and economic forces that may help explain menopause’s heightened visibility. These include the rise of popular neoliberal feminism, celebrity culture, changing demographics and changes to UK work policy, ideological notions of biological womanhood and the influence of Big Pharma. We conclude by highlighting how menopause’s new luminosity contributes to challenging its traditional invisibility and negative framing, and gendered ageism more broadly. Yet, at the same time, in its current iteration, menopause’s increased visibility may reinforce a neoliberal feminist framework that deflects attention away from understanding menopause as a social and cultural issue, while also buttressing narrow conceptions of femininity and supporting neoliberal policies that aim to keep older women in the workforce for longer.
Should Artificial Intelligent Agents be Your Co-author? Arguments in Favour, Informed by ChatGPT
Authors: Polonsky Michael Jay , Rotman Jeffrey D.
Published: April 2023

Academics have long relied on technological tools to support their research, with these tools growing in sophistication over time. As these tools have advanced, they have allowed researchers to create knowledge more effectively than could have been undertaken by humans alone. However, this paper argues that some new technologies may be moving from simple tools to being collaborators in research, with their abilities contributing not only to identifying previously unidentified relationships in the data, but also synthesising and explaining information to external audiences. Relying on existing literature and questions posed to ChatGPT, we argue that artificial intelligence tools have, or will have, the ability to meet the four conditions specified in the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations for authorship (the Vancouver Protocol), warranting these technologies to become co-authors on the advancement of academic endeavours; not just background support.
The everyday dimensions of stigma. Morofobia in everyday life of daughters of Maghrebi-Spanish couples in Granada and Barcelona (Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez-Reche Cristina , Cerchiaro Francesco
Published: April 2023

Negative attitudes towards Muslim minorities are an increasingly common phenomenon in many European countries. This stigma is often associated with religious discrimination; on others, it has a more marked racial connotation. Based on biographical interviews with 19 daughters of mixed Maghrebi-Spanish families in Granada and Barcelona (Spain), this article disentangles the notion of stigma, showing how the experiences of these young women are characterized by a stratified mix of racial, ethnic, and religious discriminations that, together, exemplify how Morofobia takes place in Spain. Our findings highlight how these women are not only passively affected by this stigma, but have learned to cope with it, showing a high degree of reflexivity and acquired social skills that inform their agency. The article encourages the adoption of a cultural sociological perspective to study the meaning of stigma from an emic perspective. In so doing, it sheds light on the everyday consequences of the social transformation of national identities in a historical period dominated by the resurgence of nationalism and ‘bordering regimes.’
Long-term ultrasonic monitoring of concrete affected by alkali-silica reaction
Authors: Sun Hongbin , Tang Yalei , Malone Clayton , Zhu Jinying
Published: April 2023

This article presents continuous monitoring results of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) development in concrete specimens for over 400 days using ultrasonic testing and expansion measurements. Eight concrete specimens with nonreactive aggregate (Control), reactive coarse aggregate, and reactive fine aggregates were cast with two reinforced confinement conditions. The specimens were conditioned in an environmental chamber with high temperature and humidity (38°C and 90% relative humidity) to accelerate the ASR development. A multichannel ultrasonic monitoring system was developed to collect ultrasonic signals automatically, and the expansions in three directions were measured periodically. Results showed that the relative velocity change could detect the ASR initiation in all reactive specimens and show a correlation with expansion in the early stage. However, these correlations are inconsistent for different ASR specimens, and the velocity change becomes less sensitive to ASR damage in the late stage (after 300 days). Irrecoverable velocity drop was observed during every chamber shutdown period, especially in specimens with higher levels of ASR damage. This phenomenon suggests that the nonlinear ultrasonic response caused by the ambient temperature variation may indicate the ASR damage.
How far should we go seeking new horizons for education’s autonomy?
Authors: Yosef-Hassidim Doron , Baldacchino John
Published: April 2023

While the fresh debate on education’s autonomy continues in this special issue as in other forums and venues, new layers of complexity on this theme continue to emerge, just as further nuances are revealed in the course of discussion. Following this welcomed growth in the discussion, and in the spirit of characterizing autonomy—and therefore also education’s autonomy—as it bears polysemic possibilities, we explore in this editorial old and new theoretical and practical horizons for conceptualizing and realizing education’s autonomy. We claim that advocates of education’s autonomy should ask not just where we want to go but also how far do we want to go; to what degree programs of education’s autonomy should inspire to change theoretical and practical frameworks, and as such the way we think about education? To what degree educational programs should exceed the current social structures within which education functions? By surveying such questions, we hope to expand the discourse on education’s autonomy into related and even unrelated contexts, where it is very possible that autonomy is not seen as having any direct relevance—depending, of course, on how one poses its questions—but where on a closer look, both context and case bring up new avenues of thinking and dialogue. We invite scholars to experiment with these horizons, as the discussion moves toward further examination of what education’s autonomy means and what are those possible and uncharted terrains which invariably emerge whenever the subject is brought up.
Fabrication of flexible and durable functional fabric with high electromagnetic shielding performances based on MXene
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Jin Yuhua , Wang Lili , Wu Shiwen , Wang Yijia , Wu Minghua
Published: April 2023

The functional fabric with high electromagnetic shielding (EMI) performance, durability as well as good handle has been drawing increasing attention. Herein, AgNPs@MXene of high conductivity was prepared by in-situ reduction of AgNO3 onto MXene. Then, boron-enhanced AgNPs@MXene-PDA coating fabric (BAMP-F) of high properties was fabricated through polydopamine (PDA) coating, AgNPs@MXene assembly, and finally sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7) densification. Results showed that the surface resistivity of AgNPs@MXene arrived at 7.22 × 10−4 Ω·m and decreased by one order in comparison with pure MXene. After 0.6 mol/L PDA coating, AgNPs@MXene deposition for 6 times, and 0.02 mol/L Na2B4O7 densification, the surface resistivity of BAMP-F reached 7.08 × 10−3 Ω·m and its EMI values of one layer attained 34.51 dB. Compared with AgNPs@MXene-PDA coating fabric (AMP-F), the electrical conductivity of BAMP-F improved by 47.6 % and its electromagnetic shielding performance increased by 42.8 %. BAMP-F possessed good handle and maintained excellent EMI performance after bending for 600 times, washing for 60 min, and tearing.
Constructing a preliminary model of school belonging for students with intellectual disability
Authors: Van Gaasbeek Emily K. , Tassé Marc J.
Published: April 2023

The construct of belonging has been studied in many marginalised student groups yet has been understudied among students with intellectual disability. The present study used a large dataset from the United States to quantitatively investigate the construct of belonging among 7th to 12th grade students with the educational classification of “intellectual disability” ( n = 670) who responded to a set of questions related to belonging in a nationally representative survey. The purpose of the study was twofold: (1) to identify the latent factors of belonging among students with intellectual disability to create a preliminary model and (2) use the preliminary model to compare belonging among students with intellectual disability with different demographic factors (e.g., race, sex, English proficiency). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor model of belonging and confirmatory factor analysis suggested the model was a good fit for the data, [Formula: see text] = 622.81, p < .001, RMSEA = .049, CFI = 0.879, TLI = 0.868. The study has implications for future avenues of research, including measurement development, exploring the developmental pathway of belonging, and the consequences of not belonging.
Researchers’ reflections on ethics of care as decolonial research practice: understanding Indigenous knowledge communication systems to navigate moments of ethical tension in rural Malawi
Authors: Kamlongera Mtisunge Isabel , Katenga-Kaunda Mkotama W
Published: April 2023

This article is autoethnographic, based upon the authors’ experiences and reflections upon encountered moments of ethical tension whilst conducting research in rural Malawi. Given that knowledge production, as a process, has been marred by colonial forms of power, the project was underpinned by efforts to achieve a decolonial approach to the research, including the research ethics. The authors share of their endeavours to counterbalance the challenges of power asymmetries whilst researching and working with an Indigenous community whose reality can be marginalised by the Western canon. The authors attempted to ensure that the values and customs of the researched community were respected and central to the research approach. When researchers are guided by local culture and customs, the participants are able to drive the research approach, incorporate their voice and share knowledge that is true to their context and reality. In this way, the research study is illustrative of how an ethics of care can help to facilitate decolonial research practice.
Colchicine in High-risk Patients with Acute Minor-to-moderate Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHANCE-3): Rationale and design of a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Li Jiejie , Johnston S Claiborne , Hankey Graeme J , Easton J Donald , Meng Xia , Shi Fu-Dong , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Li Zixiao , Liu Liping , Gu Hongqiu , Jiang Yong , Wang Anxin , Pan Yuesong , Jing Jing , Niu Siying , Li Hao
Published: April 2023

Background:

Anti-inflammatory therapy using colchicine has reduced recurrent vascular events in patients with coronary heart disease.

Design:

Colchicine in High-risk Patients with Acute Minor-to-moderate Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHANCE-3) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, in which 8,238 patients with acute minor-to-moderate ischemic stroke (NIHSS ⩽ 5) or high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA) (ABCD2 score ⩾4) and a high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) level of ⩾2 mg/L will be randomly assigned within 24 h of symptom onset to colchicine (1 mg daily on days 1–3, followed by 0.5 mg daily for a total of 90 days) or matching placebo, on a background of optimal medical therapy. The study will have 90% power to detect a 25% reduction in the primary efficacy outcome of any stroke within 3 months of randomization. Adverse events potentially related to the use of colchicine will also be analyzed. The primary analysis will be by intention to treat.

Trial registry name:

Colchicine in High-risk Patients with Acute Minor-to-moderate Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHANCE-3); URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05439356?cond=CHANCE-3&draw=2&rank=1 ; Registration number: NCT05439356.
Conducting criminological fieldwork in China: A comprehensive review and reflection on power relations in the field
Authors: Wei Shuai , Jiang Anli , Hu Qipu , Liang Bin , Xu Jianhua
Published: April 2023

Practical and personal challenges inevitably arise during fieldwork, and identifying these complications is a fundamental part of the research process. Through a comprehensive review of 61 articles and books on criminological fieldwork in China, we discuss in detail five methodological challenges (namely, political sensitivity, cultural challenges, gaining access, insider vs outsider status and ethical issues). Strategies for coping with these challenges are summarised, while, drawing explicitly on the experiences of the authors, we further delineate the importance of employing the power relations model. This model has been largely neglected in the literature to date, yet the influence of power relations can be shown to permeate fieldwork experiences. Directions for future research are also outlined, taking into consideration China’s increasingly conservative political landscape.
Monitoring the external load of counter-attack drills in youth soccer using GPS devices: The influence of time pressure and numerical superiority on players’ responses
Authors: Rochael Marcelo , Praça Gibson Moreira
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to analyse the impact of including time pressure on players’ physical responses related to distance covered at different speed zones and accelerations performed during balanced and unbalanced small-sided soccer games. Forty-four U-17 athletes from elite clubs were recruited. Players engaged in four formats of small-sided games: 4vs4 (with and without time pressure) and 5vs4 (with and without time pressure, plus additional floaters). Physical responses were monitored through Global Positioning System devices. A MANOVA compared data at a level of significance of 5%. There were no differences between with and without time pressure formats for both distances and accelerations. However, games played in numerically balanced conditions elicited greater physical responses regarding distance covered and distances covered in different speed zones. Specifically, the numerically balanced condition showed higher distances in the higher speed zones than the floater condition, which showed higher values in the lowest speed zone than the 4vs4 condition. This study concluded that adopting the time pressure to represent counter-attack situations does not change the players’ physical responses; adopting numerical superiority without adjusting the pitch size will reduce the physical responses.
From the Twenty Years’ Crisis to the climate crisis: Reconsidering Carr’s thoughts on nationalism and global reform
Authors: Karkour Haro L
Published: April 2023

A recent debate emerged on the possibility of rendering nationalism compatible with addressing the climate crisis. E. H. Carr’s analysis of nationalism and global reform is relevant to this debate. Carr’s analysis highlights a negative relationship between nationalism and peace in the international order; a relationship that extends to, and is exacerbated by, climate change. This analysis is relevant to the contemporary debate on nationalism and climate change in three ways. First, it shows that competition over resources, border control and conflict are likely to increase in the climate age. Second, it explains the failure of UN-led attempts to address the climate crisis. Third, it problematises mid-way solutions to render nationalism compatible with addressing the climate crisis – whether these are realist, liberal institutionalist or green nationalist. Carr’s work however does not simply present a pessimistic outlook on the climate crisis; it also offers a positive lens to think of the crisis as an opportunity. Times of crisis to Carr are times of opportunity for humanity to re-define its sense of purpose. The emergence of issuespecific climate movements and sector-specific green projects is testimony to the presence of this opportunity today to move beyond nationalism, towards multi-scalar identity frameworks.
Traumatic hip dislocations in a pediatric cohort: The importance of advanced imaging
Authors: Yang Daniel , Lee Julianna , Orellana Kevin , Batley Morgan , Syed Akbar Nawaz , Sankar Wudbhav
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Given that pediatric traumatic hip dislocations are relatively rare, the purpose of the current study is twofold: first, to contribute a significant cohort to the existing corpus, and second, to provide evidence toward the role that computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging could play in identification and management of this type of injury.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of all patients with traumatic hip dislocation who presented from 2012 to 2022 at a tertiary-level pediatric trauma center. Data regarding demographics, mechanism of injury, imaging, and treatment were tabulated. Outcomes of interest included immobilization length, concomitant injuries, imaging performed and findings, and rates of avascular necrosis, pain, and stiffness. Concomitant injuries were identified using imaging, clinical, and operative notes. Differences between categorical variables were compared using chi-square analysis or Fischer-exact testing, while continuous variables were compared using Student t tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests when appropriate.

Results:

Thirty-four patients were identified. Postreduction, 28 patients had a cumulative 17 magnetic resonance imaging, 19 computed tomographies, and 1 intraoperative arthrogram. Of these, 16 patients had 19 injuries identified on advanced imaging that were missed on initial radiographs. Eleven of these patients went on to operative treatment. In eight of these, postreduction advanced imaging helped guide the decision for surgery. In four patients, magnetic resonance imaging was necessary to fully characterize injury to the posterior acetabular rim after initial identification on computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging was also used to rule out one computed tomography-diagnosed acetabular fracture.

Conclusion:

Magnetic resonance imaging is valuable to fully define associated rim and intra-articular injuries following initial treatment of pediatric traumatic hip dislocations.

Level of evidence:

Level IV diagnostic study.
The Wait Time for Surgery Following Injury Affects Functional Outcomes and Complications After an Ankle Fracture: A Propensity Score–Matched Multicenter Study, the TRON Study
Authors: Sugino Takayuki , Takegami Yasuhiko , Bando Kosuke , Sato Toshifumi , Fujita Tomoki , Oka Yoshiharu , Imagama Shiro
Published: April 2023

Background

The present study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that a 1-week extension of the waiting period to perform surgery for ankle fracture might affect postoperative results and complications.

Methods

We used our multicenter database named TRON (Trauma Research Group of Nagoya). In all, 779 patients who underwent surgery for ankle fracture, who had no comorbidities were eligible. After exclusion, we analyzed 596 patients. We divided the patients into 2 groups according to whether they were operated on within 7 days after the injury with propensity score matching.

Results

The operative time of the delayed operation group (DO group) was significantly longer than that of the early operation group (EO group) (115.87 ± 56.59 vs 85.93 ± 34.58 minutes; P < .001). The rate of infection in the DO group was significantly higher than that of the EO group (16 patients [6.5%] vs 4 patients [1.6%]; P = .016).

Conclusion

Waiting for more than a week to perform ankle surgery may lead to longer operative times and increased infection rates.

Levels of Evidence:

III
Is Using the Harmonic Scalpel Better than Conventional Hemostasis in Neck Dissection? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hameed Ishaque , Khan Mohammad Omer , Samad Syed Abdus , Mahmood Samar , Siddiqui Omer Mustafa , Hameed Indallah , Nashit Muhammad , Iqbal Ayman , Marsia Shayan , Al Shetawi Al Haitham
Published: April 2023

Study Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective

The clinical decision to pursue harmonic scalpel (HS) method vs conventional hemostasis to treat head and neck cancers has been arguably predicated on the clinical outcomes observed. This study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of neck dissection between both techniques and perform an updated meta-analysis using the available literature.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library through 31st December 2021, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Outcome metrics included operative time and intraoperative blood loss. Secondary outcomes consisted of length of hospital stay, length of drain stay, total drain output, and postoperative complications. A meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager Version 5.3 (RevMan) software employing the Random Effects Model.

Results

We identified 114 articles, out of which 10 randomized control trials (RCTs) analyzing a combined total of 558 patients met the inclusion criteria after title and full-text screening. Meta-analysis shows the group treated with HS had a significantly shorter operative time. [MD = −23.21, 95% CI (−34.30, −12.12) P value <.0001 I2 = 92%] but an insignificant lesser intraoperative blood loss [MD = −61.53, 95% CI (−88.61, −34.45) P < .00001 I2 = 79%].

Conclusions

This study confirms that that HS use in neck dissection yields a reduced operative time and intra operative blood loss relative to conventional hemostasis. Furthermore, our paper shows no superiority of HS method over conventional hemostasis where length of hospital stays, length of drain stays, and postoperative complications are concerned. Future RCTs with high-level evidence may further elucidate the relative effectiveness of HS method over conventional hemostasis in treating head and neck cancers.
La jurisprudence pénale de la CJUE: la Cour est-elle prête à recevoir des affaires du Parquet européen?
Authors: Biltgen François
Published: April 2023

Les changements d’ores et déjà opérés par la CJUE durant les dernières années démontrent, à mon avis, que celle-ci sait faire preuve d’une grande capacité d’adaptation et est toujours prête à répondre aux défis que l’avenir lui réserve même si cela implique, le cas échéant, de modifier ses procédures, sa composition ou encore la répartition de ses compétences entre les différents organes qui la compose. Elle est donc prête à faire face au contentieux relatif au Parquet européen. Il lui faudra maintenant être saisie de renvois préjudiciels intéressants lui permettant de faire développer le droit de l’Union. Cela dépendra bien sûr du juge national, mais aussi des parties en litige qui pourront suggérer à ce dernier de saisir la CJUE.