bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Warning System for Urolithiasis via Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery using Machine Learning
Authors: Jeong Jinho , Chang Kidon , Lee Jisuk , Choi Jongeun
Published: February 2022

Background: To develop a warning system that can prevent or minimize laser exposure resulting in kidney and ureter damage during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for urolithiasis. Our study builds on the hypothesis that shock waves of different degrees are delivered to the hand of the surgeon depending on whether the laser hits the stone or tissue. Methods: A surgical environment was simulated for RIRS by filling the body of a raw whole chicken with water and stones from the human body. We developed an acceleration measurement system that recorded the power signal data for a number of hours, yielding distinguishable characteristics among three different states (idle state, stones, and tissue–laser interface) by conducting fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. A discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used for feature extraction, and a random forest classification algorithm was applied to classify the current state of the laser–tissue interface. Results: The result of the FFT showed that the power spectrum is different within the frequency range of <2500 Hz, indicating that the different states are distinguishable. Each recorded signal was cut in only 0.5-s increments and transformed using the DWT. The transformed data were entered into a random forest classifier to train the model. The test result was only measured with the dataset that was isolated from the training dataset. The maximum average test accuracy was >95%. The procedure was repeated with random signal dummy data, resulting in an average accuracy of 33.33% and proving that the proposed method caused no bias. Conclusions: Our monitoring system receives the shockwave signals generated from the RIRS urolithiasis treatment procedure and generates the laser irradiance status by rapidly recognizing (in 0.5 s) the current laser exposure state with high accuracy (95%). We postulate that this can significantly minimize surgeon error during RIRS.
Evaluation of the efficacy of different sedative doses of dexmedetomidine on the intestinal motility in clinically healthy donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Abass Marwa , Ibrahim Hussam , Salci Hakan , Hamed Mohamed
Published: February 2022

Background: The gastrointestinal effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine in donkeys are unknown. The study aimed to assess the impacts of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the motility of selected parts of the gastrointestinal tracts in donkeys using trans-abdominal ultrasonography. In-vivo experiment, a thirty healthful donkey of both sex (fifteen males and fifteen females;160 ± 60 kg) received either normal saline solution or three different doses of dexmedetomidine (3, 5, 7 µg/kg) within two weeks washout period. All medications were given intravenously in equal volumes. The contractility of selected intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, left colon, right colon, and cecum) was totaled for three min before administration (zero time) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. Results: There were no detectable clinical abnormalities on all selected donkeys, and they remained clinically healthy throughout the study period. Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine markedly inhibited the small and large intestine motility when compared with saline treatment. The existing study revealed that Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine reduces donkeys' small and large intestinal motility. Conclusion: Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine is a suitable sedative drug for donkeys when sedation and analgesia are needed for very short periods.
Nrf2 Regulates Microglia-mediated Phagocytosis and Neuroinflammation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Lirong , Bao Shuangjin , Yao Zhenjia , Bai Qinqin , Liang Chuntian , Fu Pengcheng , Wang Gaiqing
Published: February 2022

Background: Activated microglia is essential for hematoma clearance and recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aims to evaluate the effect of microglial functional transformation in hematoma clearance after ICH. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we also investigate whether Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) -mediated microglial phagocytosis and inflammatory response plays a role in hematoma clearance and functional recovery after ICH.Methods: For in vitro experiments, BV-2 cells were cultured and randomly divided into 4 groups, including normal control, microglia + Nrf2-siRNA (100 nmol/L), microglia + monascin (15 µM), and microglia + Xuezhikang (200 µg/mL) groups. For vivo experiments, 42 mice were divided into2 groups, i.e., sham, ICH+vehicle, ICH+Nrf2-/-, ICH+monascin (10mg/kg/day, twice) and ICH+Xuezhikang (0.2g/kg/day, twice) groups. Further, neurologic scores, hemoglobin levels, microglial phagocytosis, brain expression of CD80/Trem1/TNF-α (pro-inflammatory cytokines),and CD206/Trem2/BDNF(anti-inflammatory cytokines) were analyzed 72 hours after surgery. Results: The results showed that Nrf2 agonists improved neurological deficits and decreased hemoglobin levels after ICH through regulating microglial functional transformation. Administration of Nrf2 agonist- monascin/ Xuezhikang improved microglia-mediated phagocytosis of erythrocytes and bio-particles through Nrf2 upregulation. Alternatively, monascin/ Xuezhikang promoted the expression of Triggering receptor II expressed on myeloid cells(Trem2), CD206, and BDNF while inhibiting the expression of Trem1,CD80, and TNF-α in microglia. Conversely, Nrf2 inhibition (Nrf2 siRNA or Nrf2-/-) demonstrated conflicting results after ICH.Conclusion: Microglial functional transformations are implicated in hematoma clearance after ICH. Nrf2 activation leads to microglial functional transformation and phagocytic responses then exert its neuroprotection after ICH. Nrf2 activator (Monascin /Xuezhikang) improves hematoma clearance and alleviates neuroinflammation by regulating microglial functional alteration after ICH.
Optimizing the Radiation Treatment Planning of Brain Tumors by Integration of Functional MRI and White Matter Tractography
Authors: Boroun Arman , Montazerabadi Alireza , Molana Seyed Hadi , Gholamhosseinian Hamid , Pashaei Fakhereh
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess whether the incorporation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data into the radiation treatment planning process of brain tumors could spare the neurological parts of the brain from high doses of radiation.
Methods
In this study, the fMRI and DTI data were obtained from eight glioma patients and included in the radiation treatment plan‏. This patient-specific fMRI and DTI data were attained based on tumor location, patient's general conditions, and the importance of the functional and fiber tract areas. The functional regions, fiber tracts, anatomical organs at risk, and the tumor were contoured for radiation treatment planning. Finally, the radiation treatment planning with and without fMRI & DTI information was obtained and compared.
Results
On average, the mean dose to the functional areas was reduced by 25.36%, and the maximum dose was reduced by 18.57% on fMRI & DTI plans compared with the anatomical plans In addition, 15.59% and 20.84% reductions in the mean and maximum doses of the fiber tracts were achieved, respectively.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the feasibility of using fMRI and DTI data in radiation treatment planning to maximize radiation protection of the functional cortex and fiber tracts. We also observed a significant reduction in the mean and maximum doses to these neurologically relevant brain regions. Dose reduction would reduce the neuro-cognitive complications and improve the patient's quality of life.
Neoadjuvant therapy for sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Qiu Hui , Hao Chun-Yi
Published: February 2022

Backround Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas (SCP) is a rare type of malignant pancreatic neoplasm, and its prognosis is even worse than that of conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Currently, there is no standard regimen for treating SCP, and the impact of systemic therapy on the survival of patients with SCP has not been well defined. Case presentation Herein, we report a case of local unresectable SCP with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, radical excision after camrelizumab and anlotinib therapy, which resulted in a remarkable reduction in the size of primary tumor and complete remission of the metastatic lymph node. Conclusions This is the first report of the use of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a patient with SCP, which provides optimistic data to support the synergistic effect.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour of the Common Bile Duct: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Xiang , Luo Shuai , Li Yao , Meng Xue , Wang Jinjing
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the common bile duct (CBD) is an extremely rare low-grade malignancy with various biological behaviours and a lack of specific clinical and histopathological features. Preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis are challenging, and an undiagnosed tumour can cause increased surgical trauma.Case presentation: We report a 34-year-old male who presented with yellowish whole-body skin and yellowish eyes for 20+ days. There was no history of abdominal swelling or pain, fever or chills. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a well-defined, asymmetrical, circumferential obstructing mass in the hilum-mid CBD. The patient was suspected to have cholangiocarcinoma and underwent total bile duct tumour resection and digestive tract reconstruction. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, and the patient was followed up for three years and exhibited good health.Conclusion: We report a case and literature review regarding inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the CBD, which is an extremely rare low-grade malignancy.
High-throughput sequencing reveals the epitranscriptome-wide landscape of m6A-modified circRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Jingwen , Wu Jie , Ma Xiaozhou , Wang Xi , Zhang Leyu , Yang Jianming , Hu Xin , Cui Yameng , Deng Jiayin
Published: February 2022

Emerging transcriptome high throughput screenings reveal the landscape and functions of RNAs, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), in human cancer. In addition, the post-transcriptional internal modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A), greatly enrich the variety of RNAs metabolism. However, the m6A modification on circRNAs has yet to be addressed. Here, we report an epitranscriptome-wide mapping of m6A-modified circRNAs (m6A-circRNA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Utilizing the data of MeRIP-seq and m6A-circRNAs epitranscriptomic microarray analysis, we found that m6A-circRNAs exhibited their particular modification style in OSCC, which was independent of m6A-mRNA. Besides, m6A modification on circRNAs frequently occurred on the long exons in the front part of the coding sequence (CDS), which was distinct from m6A-mRNA that in 3’-UTR or stop codon. In conclusion, our work preliminarily demonstrates the traits of m6A-circRNAs and probed into the association of m6A-circRNAs and m6A-mRNA, which may bring enlighten for the roles of m6A-circRNAs in OSCC.
Correlation Between COVID-19 Infection Rate and Atmospheric Environmental Factors in Seoul Metropolitan City, South Korea
Authors: Choi Won , Kim Ki-Youn
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze whether the change in the COVID-19 virus infection rate is affected by atmospheric environmental factors in Seoul metropolitan city of South Korea. The research period of this study is from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. The correlation relationship between the COVID-19 virus infection rate and atmospheric environmental factors such as PM10, PM2.5, temperature, and humidity was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. In the correlation between PM10 and PM2.5 and the COVID-19 virus infection rate, correlation coefficient between PM10 and infection rate was r=0.114(p=0.019), showing a positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and infection rate was r=0.147(p=0.002), which indicates a higher positive correlation than PM10. In the correlation between thermal factors and infection rate, the correlation coefficients between temperature and infection rate and between relative humidity and infection rate were r= -0.527(p=0.000) and r= -0.91(p=0.060), respectively. Unlike PM10 and PM2.5, temperature and relative humidity showed a negative correlation with the infection rate. Except for relative humidity, PM10, PM2.5 and temperature had statistically significant correlations with the infection rate (p<0.05). Based on the results obtained from this study, it is recommended to avoid outdoor activities as much as possible in weather with high PM10 and PM2.5 and low temperature and humidity.
Measuring quality of gout management in residential aged care facilities
Authors: Nguyen Amy D , Lind Kimberly E , Day Richard O , Ross Daniel , Raban Magdalena Z , Georgiou Andrew , Westbrook Johanna I
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesGout, a common form of arthritis, can be successfully controlled with pharmacotherapy and thus an ideal model for examining chronic disease management. Our aim was to examine treatment of gout evaluated in accordance with general management guidelines for gout as applied to Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsElectronic health record data linked with aged care clinical notes and electronic medication administration information (11,548 residents in 68 RACFs, over 65 years) was interrogated to identify people with gout, other chronic conditions and gout medication use. Outcomes examined: 1) proportion receiving urate-lowering therapy (ULT) (preventative medication) and/or colchicine/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) (treat gout flares); 2) number of ULT and colchicine/NSAID treatment episodes (periods of continuous days of medication use); 3) duration of these medication uses.ResultsCohort included 1179 residents with gout, of which 62% used a ULT, with median of one episode of use for a very short duration (median=4 days, median of use in total (i.e. repeated use)=52 days). Among residents with gout, 9% also used colchicine or an NSAID. Female residents were less likely to receive ULT and for shorter periods.ConclusionNearly a third of residents with gout did not receive ULTs. In those receiving ULT, recurrent short courses were common. Overall, management of gout in aged care residents appears to be suboptimal, largely due to intermittent and short exposure to ULT, and with female residents at greater risk of poor gout management.
Rare event of NTRK3 rearrangement and amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hou Yingyong , Xu Huijuan , Jiang Dongxian , Zhang Fuhan , Yu Zixiang , Huang Jie , Sujie Akesu , Xu Jianfang
Published: February 2022

This study observed the rearrangement and amplification of NTRK3 in a large sample, providing a basis for the potential treatment of NTRK in esophageal cancer. The tissue microarray of 478 cases was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. Results of this study show that both NTRK3 gene rearrangement and copy number variation are rare events in ESCC. Gene rearrangement and copy number changes have little influence on the prognosis.Except when gene copy number was greater than or equal to 4, patients with stage I+II showed a trend of poor prognosis (P=0.120; OS, P=0.095). Conclusion NTRK3 gene rearrangement and gene copy number variation are rare in esophageal cancer, and gene rearrangement does not affect prognosis, while the number of gene copies was 4 as the threshold, there was a tendency of poor prognosis.
Timing of balloon atrial septostomy in patients with d-TGA and association with birth location and patient outcomes
Authors: Thomas Courtney , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Zampi Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2022

Patients with d-looped transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), especially those without an adequate atrial septal defect, can experience severe hypoxemia and hemodynamic compromise in the neonatal period. This can be mitigated by urgent balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). However, some patients with d-TGA are born at centers without this capability. The aim of this retrospective study of d-TGA patients who had urgent or emergent BAS at our institution between 2010 and 2021 was to evaluate time from birth to BAS for infants born at a tertiary care center as compared to those requiring transport from other institutions and to examine correlation between time to BAS and patient outcomes. Our primary outcome was time from birth to BAS. Secondary outcomes included hospital and ICU length of stay, mortality, and evidence of pulmonary or neurologic abnormalities including pulmonary hypertension, abnormal neuroimaging, or seizures. Of 96 patients, 67 (70%) were born at our institution. The median time to BAS was 4 hours for patients born at our institution vs. 14.1 hours for those born elsewhere (p < .0001). A longer time from birth to BAS was associated with longer ICU (r = 0.21, p = 0.046) and hospital length of stay (r = 0.24, p = 0.02) and increased likelihood of elevated right ventricular pressure on post-operative discharge echocardiogram (p = 0.01). There were no differences in mortality between the groups. Therefore, prenatal planning for patients with known d-TGA should include a delivery plan with access to urgent BAS.
Integrating a Group-Based, Early Childhood Parenting Intervention into Primary Health Care Services in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Mehrin Syeda Fardina , Hasan Mohammed Imrul , Tofail Fahmida , Shiraji Shamima , Ridout Deborah , Grantham-McGregor Sally , Hamadani Jena D , Baker-Henningham Helen
Published: February 2022

Background: Over 250 million children globally do not reach their developmental potential. We tested whether integrating a group-based, early childhood parenting programme into government healthcare clinics improved children’s development, growth, and behaviour.Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial in 40 community clinics in the Kishorganj district of Bangladesh. We randomly assigned clinics (1:1) to deliver a group-based parenting interventions or to a comparison group that received no intervention. Participants were children aged 5-24 months, with weight-for-age z-score of ≤ -1.5 SDs of the WHO standards, living within a thirty-minute walking distance from the clinic (n=419 intervention, 366 control). Government health staff facilitated parenting sessions in the clinic with groups of four mother/child dyads fortnightly for one year as part of their routine duties. Primary outcomes measured at baseline and endline were child development measured using the Bayley scales, child behaviours during the test, and growth and were. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02208531Findings: 91% of children were tested at endline (396 intervention, 319 control). Multilevel analyses showed significant benefits of intervention to child cognition (effect size 0.85 SDs, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.11), language (0.69 SDs, 0.43, 0.94), and motor development (0.52 SDs, 0.31, 0.73), and to child behaviours during the test (ranging from 0.36 SDs, 0.14, 0.58, to 0.53 SDs, 0.35, 0.71). There were no significant effects on growth.Conclusion: A scalable parenting intervention, integrated into existing government health services and implemented by government health staff, led to significant benefits to child development and behaviour.
Soft X-ray Characterization of Halide Perovskite Film by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy
Authors: Jun Haeyeon , Lee Hee Ryung , Tondelier Denis , Geffroy Bernard , Schulz Philip , Bourée Jean-Éric , Bonnassieux Yvan , Swaraj Sufal
Published: February 2022

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently been receiving a lot of attention due to their newfound application in optoelectronic devices, including perovskite solar cells (PSCs) which has reached power conversion efficiencies as high as 25.5%. However, the fundamental mechanisms in PSCs, including the correlation of degradation with the excellent optoelectrical properties of the perovskite absorbers, are poorly understood. In this paper, we have explored synchrotron-based soft X-ray characterization as an effective technique for the compositional analysis of MHP thin films. Most synchrotron-based studies used for investigating MHP so far are based on hard X-rays (5–10 keV) which includes various absorption edges (Pb L-edge, I L-edge, Br K-edge, etc.) but are not suited for the analysis of the organic component in MHPs. In order to be sensitive to a maximum number of elements, we have employed soft X-ray-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) as a spectro-microscopy technique for the characterization of MHPs. We examined its sensitivity to iodine and organic components, aging, or oxidation by-products in MHPs to make sure that our suggested method is suitable for studying MHPs. Furthermore, methylammonium triiodide with different deposition ratios of PbI2 and CH3NH3I (MAI), and different thicknesses, were characterized for chemical inhomogeneity at the nanoscale by STXM. Through these measurements, we demonstrate that STXM is very sensitive to MHP chemical composition and homogeneity. Thus, we highlight the utility of STXM for an in-depth analysis of physical and chemical phenomena in PSCs.
Managing biological invasions: the cost of inaction
Authors: Ahmed Danish Ali , Hudgins Emma Judith , Cuthbert Ross Noel , Kourantidou Melina , Diagne Christophe , Haubrock Phillip Joschka , Leung Brian , Liu Chunlong , Leroy Boris , Petrovskii Sergei , Beidas Ayah , Courchamp Franck
Published: February 2022

Ecological and socio-economic impacts from biological invasions are rapidly escalating worldwide. While effective management underpins impact mitigation, such actions are often delayed, insufficient or entirely absent. Presently, management delays emanate from a lack of monetary rationale to invest at early invasion stages, which precludes effective prevention and eradication. Here, we provide such rationale by developing a conceptual model to quantify the cost of inaction, i.e., the additional expenditure due to delayed management, under varying time delays and management efficiencies. Further, we apply the model to management and damage cost data from a relatively data-rich genus ( Aedes mosquitoes). Our model demonstrates that rapid management interventions following invasion drastically minimise costs. We also identify key points in time that differentiate among scenarios of timely, delayed and severely delayed management intervention. Any management action during the severely delayed phase results in substantial losses of the potential maximum loss). For Aedes spp., we estimate that the existing management delay of 55 years led to an additional total cost of approximately $ 4.57 billion, compared to a scenario with management action only 7 years prior. Moreover, we estimate that in the absence of management action, long-term losses would have accumulated to US$ 32.31 billion. These results highlight the need for more timely management of invasive alien species — either pre-invasion, or as soon as possible after detection — by demonstrating how early investments rapidly reduce long-term economic impacts.
Gravitational Fields and Gravitational Waves
Authors: Yuan Tony
Published: February 2022

The relative velocity between objects with finite velocity affects the reaction between them. This effect is known as general Doppler effect. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) discovered gravitational waves and found their speed to be equal to the speed of light c. Gravitational waves are generated following a disturbance in the gravitational field; they affect the gravitational force on an object. Just as light waves are subject to the Doppler effect, so are gravitational waves. This article explores the following research questions concerning gravitational waves: Is there a linear relationship between gravity and velocity? Can the speed of a gravitational wave represent the speed of the gravitational field (the speed of the action of the gravitational field upon the object)? What is the speed of the gravitational field? What is the spatial distribution of gravitational waves? Do gravitational waves caused by the revolution of the Sun affect planetary precession? Can we modify Newton’s gravitational equation through the influence of gravitational waves?
Effects of osteoporosis on the biomechanics of various supplemental fixations co-applied with oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF): a finite element analysis
Authors: Liu Zi-Xuan , Gao Zi-Wei , Chen Chao , Liu Zi-Yang , Cai Xin-Yi , Ren Ya-Nan , Sun Xun , Ma Xin-Long , Du Cheng-Fei , Yang Qiang
Published: February 2022

Background: Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) is an important surgical modality for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease. Various supplemental fixations can be co-applied with OLIF, increasing OLIF stability and reducing complications. However, it is unclear whether osteoporosis affects the success of supplemental fixations; therefore, this study analyzed the effects of osteoporosis on various supplemental fixations co-applied with OLIF.Methods: We developed and validated an L3-S1 finite element (FE) model; we assigned different material properties to each component and established models of the osteoporotic and normal bone lumbar spine. We explored the outcomes of OLIF combined with each of five supplemental fixations: standalone OLIF; OLIF with lateral plate fixation (OLIF+LPF); OLIF with translaminar facet joint fixation and unilateral pedicle and screw fixation (OLIF+TFJF+UPSF); OLIF with unilateral pedicle and screw fixation (OLIF+UPSF); and OLIF with bilateral pedicle and screw fixation (OLIF+BPSF). Under the various working conditions, we calculated the ranges of motion (ROMs) of the normal bone and osteoporosis models, the maximum Mises stresses of the fixation instruments (MMSFIs), and the average Mises stresses on cancellous bone (AMSCBs) .Results: Compared with the normal bone OLIF model, no demonstrable change in any segmental ROM was apparent. The MMSFIs increased in all five osteoporotic OLIF models. In the OLIF+TFJF+UPSF model, the MMSFIs increased sharply in forward flexion and extension. The stress changes of the OLIF+UPSF, OLIF+BPSF, and OLIF+TFJF+UPSF models were similar; all stresses trended upward. The AMSCBs decreased in all five osteoporotic OLIF models during flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The average stress change of cancellous bone was most obvious under extension. The AMSCBs of the five OLIF models decreased by 14%, 23.44%, 21.97%, 40.56%, and 22.44% respectively.Conclusions: For some supplemental fixations, the AMSCBs were all reduced and the MMSFIs were all increased in the osteoporotic model, compared with the OLIF model of normal bone. Therefore, the biomechanical performance of an osteoporotic model may be inferior to the biomechanical performance of a normal model for the same fixation method; in some instances, it may increase the risks of fracture and internal fixation failure.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding HIV among Women of Childbearing Age in NYANGA Province, Gabon
Authors: Mouinga-Ondémé Augustin , Maghendji-Nzondo Sydney , Buekens Julie , Engone-Ondo Jéordy-Dimitri , Imboumy-Limoukou Roméo Karl , Sir-Ondo-Enguier Pater Noster , de Carvalho Julie Niemczura , Tsafack-Tegomo Nathalie Pernelle , Lékana-Douki Jean-Bernard
Published: February 2022

Background: The seroprevalence of HIV in Gabon is 4.1%. This rate varies among its nine provinces and is estimated at 4.2% in the province of Nyanga. This variance is believed to be the result of a lack of information and beliefs regarding HIV transmission and prevention. There are currently scarce epidemiological data from this region of Gabon. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women of childbearing age from Nyanga Province toward HIV.Methods: A 13-day cross-sectional descriptive study of 631 women aged 15 to 49 years was conducted within the departments of the province to assess their knowledge and attitudes about HIV, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Household recruitment of participants was conducted, and information was collected by means of a questionnaire. Correct answers were considered to indicate basic knowledge of the topic assessed.Results: Approximately 90% of women (570/631) were of childbearing age but not pregnant during the survey, with a mean age of 28 years. Additionally, 10% (61/631) were pregnant. Among surveyed women, 99.2% had heard of HIV/AIDS, and 81.8% knew at least one screening site for HIV. More than 83.6% knew that MTCT could occur during pregnancy, and 76.5% knew about transmission during breastfeeding. Moreover, 86.5% knew that HIV could not be transmitted through sharing food with an infected person. Similarly, 68.8% answered that HIV transmission cannot occur through mosquito bites. However, 45.8% of women said that HIV could be transmitted by witchcraft. Approximately 81.6% of participants were aware that HIV could be prevented by having a single monogamous sexual partner and protected sex. Approximately 70% of women were aware of antiretroviral therapy. More than 80% of the participants indicated that they had been screened overall, and 77.3% had been offered HIV screening services during antenatal visits.Conclusions: Almost all women of childbearing age in Nyanga had heard of HIV, yet approximately half of them had poor knowledge of its modes of transmission. It is therefore imperative to conduct awareness campaigns in conjunction with HIV testing services to better understand the current prevalence of HIV infection in the region.
Association between Dietary Diversity and Weight Status of Aboriginal Primary School Children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Devindran Divanirsh , Ulaganathan Vaidehi ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Oeh Zhe Yee ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tan Lih Xuan ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Kuralneethi Silambarasi ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Eng Zen Yang Eddie ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Lim Lih Shiow ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chieng Wei Ni Grace ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Tay Jia Ling ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Lim Sook Yee ,   Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: February 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the association between dietary diversity and weight status of aboriginal primary school children. Methods: Dietary diversity measures food intake diversity in food groups, whereas weight status indicates nutritional status. Dietary serving score (DSS) method was used to determine dietary diversity status, while weight status was assessed using BMI-for-Age (BAZ). Results: Results reported that 51.9% and 54.2% were male and 10 years old-12 years old children, respectively. A total of 36.4% of children consumed cereal/grains diversely while fruits were not diversely consumed by 96.4% of them. Approximately 60.8% of children were reported to have normal weight status, which was followed by overweight (17.7%), obese (16.7%) and thinness to severe-thinness (4.8%). There was an association between DSS of fruits, meat/fish/ eggs, legumes/lentils and milk/dairy products with age group, vegetables DSS with gender and BAZ with parental employment status (P < 0.05). The association between DSS of all food groups and total with BAZ were reported to be insignificant, indicating no association between both variables (0.00 < r < 0.30; P > 0.05). Conclusion: Children from this study were shown to practice a monotonous diet, although the majority of them were within normal weight status.
Contextual Factors of Face Mask Wearing During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Recommendations to Increase Compliance Rate
Authors:   School of Economics and Management, Xiamen University Malaysia,  Selangor, Malaysia, Looi Kim Hoe
Published: February 2022

Community-wide face mask wearing is recognised as an effective non-pharmaceutical defence against infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, few studies have identified contextual factors of face mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify relationships between demographic factors, personal hygiene factors, online behavioural factors and face mask wearing by Malaysian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected via an online survey questionnaire and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26. Non-availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) as well as fewer social media hours and fewer hours of browsing information related to the COVID-19 pandemic were identified as factors related to low compliance rate of face mask wearing by some Malaysian adults. This study advances contextual understanding of face mask wearing by specific groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and puts forth several recommendations to increase face mask wearing compliance rate.
Cultural-Religious Approach: An Effective Community-Based Disaster Management Strategy for Reducing the Mortality and Morbidity of the Fourth Wave of Coronavirus Pandemic Caused by the Lineage B.1.1.7 (the British Variant) in Iran (Spring 2021)
Authors:   Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, Ghaedamini Hossein , Jafari Hamid ,   Department of Medical Emergencies, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Serjan, Iran, Farahbakhsh Salman ,   Department of Occupational Health, School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran, Arefi Hesan ,   Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Saghafi Zahra ,   School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Published: February 2022

Lineage B.1.1.7 (the British variant) is a new variant of SARS-CoV-2. The virus was first identified in the UK in October 2020. Since Iran is one of the most disaster risk countries in the world, disaster management is one of the most important issues. One of the effective approaches of this field is community-based disaster management (CBDM). Altogether, planning and policymaking through using various cultural-religious role models with emphasis on the cultural points can be useful to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate caused by the fourth wave of coronavirus in Iran.
Advances in the Study of Bacterial Toxins, Their Roles and Mechanisms in Pathogenesis
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Ghazaei Ciamak
Published: February 2022

Pathogenic bacteria use various mechanisms to cause infections in the host. Bacterial pathogens express a wide range of molecules. Bacterial toxins have a poisonous substance created and secreted at the extracellular or intracellular level, making these bacteria pathogenic. Two common types of toxins, including exotoxins and endotoxins, have numerous modes of action. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules act on their bacterial cells during stressed conditions and help their remaining population survive. Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are genetic, modulating the eukaryotic cell cycle and targeting the immune system of the host. This review discusses toxins and recent discoveries about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the TA system and CDTs in pathogenic bacteria.
The Effectiveness of Budesonide Nasal Irrigation in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ishak Muhammad Nu’aim ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia, Md Shukri Norasnieda ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ramli Ramiza Ramza ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: February 2022

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a long-standing disease and has been shown to cause significant impairment in patients’ quality of life. Saline nasal irrigation is a proven adjunct in the treatment of AR. The addition of steroid to the saline solution can provide local steroid effect and increase the effectiveness of this technique. Our study aimed to determine the effectiveness of budesonide nasal irrigation as an adjunct to the treatment of AR, compared with saline nasal irrigation. Methods: This was a randomised controlled study involving 99 patients diagnosed with AR, half of whom were treated with saline nasal irrigation and the other half with budesonide nasal irrigation. Parameters measured include the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire, endoscopic nasal examination findings and blood eosinophil count. Results: Patients treated with budesonide nasal irrigation had significant improvement in total SNOT-22 score (P < 0.001) and improvement in the endoscopic nasal examination findings, such as nasal mucosa oedema and secretions (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant improvement of blood eosinophil count in patients treated with either budesonide or saline nasal irrigation. Conclusion: Budesonide nasal irrigation is effective as an adjunct in the treatment of AR.
Risk Factors Associated with Outcome of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage: Hospital Kuala Lumpur Experience
Authors:   Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ramalu Rajendra Rao ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang, Malaysia, Kandasamy Regunath ,   Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Raffiq Azman ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Penang General Hospital, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Idris Zamzuri ,   Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Mal, Adnan Johari Siregar ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: February 2022

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Malaysia. This study aims to evaluate the mortality risk factors of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: A single centre prospective cohort study was performed between 1 May 2017 and 30 April 2018 for patients above 18 years old with spontaneous ICH. Patients exhibiting haemorrhage due to tumours and ruptured arteriovenous malformations were excluded. The demographics, clinical parameters, radiology findings, surgical intervention, mortality at 30 days and outcome based on modified Rankin score (MRS) grading were recorded. Selected variables were incorporated into a binary logistic regression to determine the outcome predictors of mortality. Results: A total of 292 patients were recruited into the study. The findings showed that the mean age of ICH patients was 48.9 years old. Most of the lesions were located in the putamen (45.9%). More than half (61.0%) of the patients presented with a good outcome whereas 39.0% of the patients presented with a poor outcome. The mortality rate at 30 days was 29.1%. The important predictors for mortality were male (odds ratio [OR] = 0.343; P = 0.043), concomitant use of warfarin and aspirin (OR = 14.696; P = 0.007), ischaemic heart disease [IHD] (OR = 0.007; P = 0.003), brainstem bleed (OR = 0.001; P = 0.001), the presence of intraventricular haemorrhage [IVH] (OR = 0.198; P = 0.049) and surgery. Conclusion: Most diagnosed ICH patients in Malaysia were at a younger age (mean of 48.9 years old) with the significant mortality predictors were IVH, IHD, surgery and brainstem bleed.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN CHILDREN AND MULTISYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME POST COVID INFECTION 19
Authors:   Service Des Urgences Pediatriques, Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie de Fes. Universite Sidi Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah, hopital Mere-Enfant, CHU Hassan II de Fes, km 2,200 Route Sidi- Hrazem, BP 1893, 30000 Fes, Maroc., Sediki S. , Tadmouri I. ,   Service Des Urgences Pediatriques, Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie de Fes. Universite Sidi Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah, hopital Mere-Enfant, CHU Hassan II de Fes, km 2,200 Route Sidi- Hrazem, BP 1893, 30000 Fes, Maroc., Hida M. ,   Service Des Urgences Pediatriques, Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie de Fes. Universite Sidi Mohamed-Ben-Abdellah, hopital Mere-Enfant, CHU Hassan II de Fes, km 2,200 Route Sidi- Hrazem, BP 1893, 30000 Fes, Maroc.
Published: February 2022

During the SARSCoV2 pandemic children appear less likely to develop severe form Compared to adult subjects with higher contagiousness and mortality, especially in those at risk (age over 65 obesity cardiovascular disease diabetes). However a new multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with SARSCoV2 has been identified in the child associated with a cascade of inflammatory response responsible for clinical symptoms (prolonged high fever digestive disorders rash cheilite conjunctivit) and a highly disturbed inflammatory biological profile (high CRP accelerated sedimentation rate hyperferritinemia) mimicking an atypical post covid 19 Kawasaki syndrome in children as was recently published in the literature. Our case will illustrate an unusual presentation of post covid 19 multisystemic inflammatory Syndrome acute pancreatitis in a 9-year old with favorable clinical and biological development.
LE PHEOCHROMOCYTOME-GANGLIONEUROME COMPOSITE AVEC SECRETION ECTOPIQUE DACTH : UNE TUMEUR EXCEPTIONNELLE DE LA SURRENALE
Authors: Ahouissoussi Cornelly , Bifoume Ndong Charlene-Ludwine , Rafi Sana , El Mghari Tabib Ghizlane , El Ansari Nawal , Rais Hanane
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Pheochromocytoma is an exceptional cause of Cushings syndrome. We report the very exceptional case of a composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma with ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, two rare histological entities grouped into one, in a patient with a complex clinical feature. Case Report: This is a 62-year-old patient consulting for polyarthralgia and low back pain in whom the physical examination found Cushings syndrome. The thoraco-abdomino-pelvic computed tomography showed bilateral adrenal masses. A left adrenalectomy was performed first. Histological examination shows a double contingent tumor proliferation. The diagnosis of composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma with ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion was retained. Discussion and Conclusion: We have not found any reported case of ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone linked to a composite pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma in the French and English literature during the last 10 years. The diagnosis is essentially histological because clinical and radiological data do not allow it to be differentiated from a classic pheochromocytoma. This entity highlights diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.
VALIDATION OF INDIA EBUS AMONG PROFESSIONALS PRACTICING IN NICU
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M.H., Mumbai., Gangurde Prachi , Nandgaonkar Hemant ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Seth G.S.M.C. and K.E.M.H., Mumbai.
Published: February 2022

Background-INDIA EBUS is a cloud-based software aimed at supporting optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in NICU. INDIA is an acronym for Individual New-born Developmental Intervention Application which is based on the available evidence. It includes various aspects like Neurodevelopmental, Neurophysiological, Neurobehavioral, developmentally supportive and Trauma informed care, Splinting, Occupational Therapy intervention, etc., which helps in clinical assistance, interpretation and documentation for professionals. The objective of the study was to check the content validity of the INDIA EBUS. Prospective online survey was used. Methods- The professionals were contacted and a letter of request was sent to them. An online process was used to select the participants. For the online survey, 30 people were chosen using a convenient sampling method. Request letter was sent to the professionals. After that investigator briefly introduced the INDIA EBUS. Later software access was given for seven to ten days to the participant. After sending google form online recruitments of the participants, if they click to I agree as per google form, data was collected. The main inclusion criteria were that the participants had at least one year of clinical experience in the NICU. Results-INDIA EBUS uses the combination of different models aimed at neuroprotection by the multidisciplinary team in NICU and post discharge follow up as a theoretical framework. The literature review & expert-based panel supported the Content Validity of the INDIA EBUS. Content Validity Index for the Components relating to the Developmentally supportive care and neuromotor assessment was 0.87. The neurodevelopmental assessment and intervention had a CVI greater than or equal to 0.78. For the Trauma informed care, chest physiotherapy, and neurobehavioral assessment, it was below 0.50. The health care workers confirmed the understandability, completeness & credibility of the INDIA EBUS. The different stakeholders in the study considered the software would be helpful for the brain-oriented care in NICU (neuroprotection) & beneficial for neurodevelopment. Negative ratings referred to the time required for the use of data entry and the use of digital devices. Conclusion- There was substantial evidence supporting the content validity of the INDIA EBUS. Despite the substantial length & time requirement, software was considered helpful for comprehensive neurodevelopmental care in NICU. Further research on psychometric qualities, implementation and effectiveness is needed.
WHITENING AND COLOR IMPROVING IN TOILET SOAP MANUFACTURE WITH THE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia., Mohamoud Ali Abdullahi , Mohamed Adawe Abdolahi ,   Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia., Rajab Abdullahi Said ,   Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia., Kassim Awow Mohamed ,   Faculty of Veterinary and Animal husbandry, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Published: February 2022

Soap is one of the most effectual cleaning agents in water. Soaps are prepared by the process of saponification reaction. Sodium and potassium salts soap is used for both laundry and antiseptic purposes. Toilet soap is the perfumery and cosmetic product and serves for personal hygiene, so it should have the broadest possible range of specific characteristics. This study was undertaking to address the raw material in soap and method of saponification and manufacturing usage. The study was also conducted some of the physical and chemical properties such as: (pH, Total dissolve solids (TDS), free alkali, saponification valueof toilet soaps). The study revealed that soapbleaching is usually done to improve color, remove impurities and improve taste. Sodium chloride and sodium silicate were used as bleaching chemicals as well as improving the color the toilet soapmanufacture.