bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODELS ON ADMISSION OF E-PROCUREMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (Case Study in The Office of Goods and Services Procurement Work Unit,
Authors: Haryati Tati , Sukoharsono Eko Ganis , Prasetya Arik
Published: April 2020

With the existence of e-Procurement as part of e-Government, it is expected to be able to realize the efficiency and effectiveness of the procurement of goods and services at the Jayawijaya Regency UKPBJ Office. This system is expected to be able to help accelerate development in Jayawijaya Regency so that it does not lag far behind other regions. The aims of study is to evaluate the acceptance of the e-Procurement system by using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) at the Jayawijaya Regency UKPBJ office. By using a descriptive qualitative purposive sampling, and snowballing sampling approach with 16 informants, the researcher used triangulation, member checking, the audit trail, and prolonged engagement in the field as a test of credibility. The study shows that the implementation of e-Procurement at the UKPBJ Office is in accordance with existing regulations even though it has not run optimally because of the five principles of procurement of goods and services used, namely efficient, effective, transparent, open, competitive, fair and accountable, only the principle of efficiency, transparent, open and accountable achieved
5Ps STRATEGY FOR COAL MINING GOVERNANCE IN THE PERSPECTIIVE OF SDGs IN SOUTH MALINAU, NORTH KALIMANTAN
Authors: Labo Tomy , Setyowati Endah , Domai Tjahjanulin
Published: April 2020

AbstractÂ The objective of the study is to construct 5Ps strategy for coal mining governance using the perspective of SDGs in the Malinau District of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study was conducted using qualitative method. Data was collected through field observations and in-depth interviews, and secondary data of official published documents. Data was analyzed using the interactive analysis Model of Mile, Huberman, and Saldana. This research concluded that the 5Ps strategy for coal mining productions in the Malinau District of North Kalimantan is very useful for governing all stakeholders in the District in respect to environmental, social and economic aspects. The 5Ps strategy is 1) People, this means communities should be involved in the coal mining governance, 2) Planet, environmental awareness, 3) Profit, economic aspects should be well calculated and managed, 4) Peace, justice and equality are also the spirit to manage the coal productions and colaborations among the stakeholders are important to make the success of production.Keywords: Coal Mining Governance, Sustainable Development Goals, 5Ps Strategy
Users’ Experiences of a Mobile Health Self-Management Approach for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Floch Jacqueline , Vilarinho Thomas , Zettl Annabel , Ibanez-Sanchez Gema , Calvo-Lerma Joaquim , Stav Erlend , Haro Peter Halland , Aalberg Asbjørn Lein , Fides-Valero Alvaro , Bayo Montón José Luis
Published: April 2020

Background

Despite a large number of clinical trials aiming at evaluating the digital self-management of chronic diseases, there is little discussion about users’ experiences with digital approaches. However, a good user experience is a critical factor for technology adoption. Understanding users’ experiences can inform the design of approaches toward increased motivation for digital self-management.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the self-management of cystic fibrosis (CF) with a focus on gastrointestinal concerns and the care of young patients. Following a user-centered design approach, we developed a self-management app for patients and parents and a web tool for health care professionals (HCPs). To evaluate the proposed solutions, a 6-month clinical trial was conducted in 6 European CF competence centers. This paper analyzes the user acceptance of the technology and the benefits and disadvantages perceived by the trial participants.

Methods

A mixed methods approach was applied. Data were collected through 41 semistructured qualitative interviews of patients, parents, and HCPs involved in the clinical trial. In addition, data were collected through questionnaires embedded in the self-management app.

Results

Support for enzyme dose calculation and nutrition management was found to be particularly useful. Patients and parents rapidly strengthened their knowledge about the treatment and increased their self-efficacy. Reported benefits include reduced occurrence of symptoms and enhanced quality of life. Patients and parents had different skills, requiring follow-up by HCPs in an introductory phase. HCPs valued obtaining precise information about the patients, allowing for more personalized advice. However, the tight follow-up of several patients led to an increased workload. Over time, as patient self-efficacy increased, patient motivation for using the app decreased and the quality of the reported data was reduced.

Conclusions

Self-management enfolds a collaboration between patients and HCPs. To be successful, a self-management approach should be accepted by both parties. Through understanding behaviors and experiences, this study defines recommendations for a complex case—the demanding treatment of CF. We identify target patient groups and situations for which the app is most beneficial and suggest focusing on these rather than motivating for regular app usage over a long time. We also advise the personalized supervision of patients during the introduction of the approach. Finally, we propose to develop guidance for HCPs to facilitate changes in practice. As personalization and technology literacy are factors found to influence the acceptance of digital self-management of other chronic diseases, it is relevant to consider the proposed recommendations beyond the case of CF.
The Influence of Electronic Health Record Use on Physician Burnout: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Tajirian Tania , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Strudwick Gillian , Sequeira Lydia , Sanches Marcos , Kemp Jessica , Ramamoorthi Karishini , Zhang Timothy , Jankowicz Damian
Published: April 2020

Background

Physician burnout has a direct impact on the delivery of high-quality health care, with health information technology tools such as electronic health records (EHRs) adding to the burden of practice inefficiencies.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the extent of burnout among physicians and learners (residents and fellows); identify significant EHR-related contributors of physician burnout; and explore the differences between physicians and learners with regard to EHR-related factors such as time spent in EHR, documentation styles, proficiency, training, and perceived usefulness. In addition, the study aimed to address gaps in the EHR-related burnout research methodologies by determining physicians’ patterns of EHR use through usage logs.

Methods

This study used a cross-sectional survey methodology and a review of administrative data for back-end log measures of survey respondents’ EHR use, which was conducted at a large Canadian academic mental health hospital. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to examine the association of EHR-related factors with general physician burnout. The survey was sent out to 474 individuals between May and June 2019, including physicians (n=407), residents (n=53), and fellows (n=14), and we measured physician burnout and perceptions of EHR stressors (along with demographic and practice characteristics).

Results

Our survey included 208 respondents, including physicians (n=176) and learners (n=32). The response rate was 43.2% for physicians (full-time: 156/208, 75.0%; part-time: 20/199, 10.1%), and 48% (32/67) for learners. A total of 25.6% (45/176) of practicing physicians and 19% (6/32) of learners reported having one or more symptoms of burnout, and 74.5% (155/208) of all respondents who reported burnout symptoms identified the EHR as a contributor. Lower satisfaction and higher frustration with the EHRs were significantly associated with perceptions of EHR contributing toward burnout. Physicians’ and learners’ experiences with the EHR, gathered through open-ended survey responses, identified challenges around the intuitiveness and usability of the technology as well as workflow issues. Metrics gathered from back-end usage logs demonstrated a 13.6-min overestimation in time spent on EHRs per patient and a 5.63-hour overestimation of after-hours EHR time, when compared with self-reported survey data.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the use of EHRs is a perceived contributor to physician burnout. There should be a focus on combating physician burnout by reducing the unnecessary administrative burdens of EHRs through efficient implementation of systems and effective postimplementation strategies.
Predicting Prescribing of Brand-Name vs. Generic Drugs: Machine Learning Analysis with Large-Scale Data (Preprint)
Authors: Meindl Jamison , Desai Rishi , Franklin Jessica , Lii Joyce , Kesselheim Aaron
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

The use of brand-name prescription drugs instead of cheaper generic alternatives results in greater rates of cost-related medical nonadherence and poor patient outcomes, as well as higher costs to the health care system. However, because of negative perceptions of generic drugs, some patients switch back to a brand-name drug after switching to a newly-available generic.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, a machine learning model was developed to predict the likelihood of a patient who receives a generic drug switching back to the brand-name version.

METHODS

The model created was a stacking ensemble model using neural networks, k-nearest neighbors, and AdaBoost. The model was trained, using both validation and testing stages, on insurance claims data—which contain limited demographic data as well as information about a patient’s diagnoses, procedures, and medications—to predict the probability of a switchback.

RESULTS

The models performed poorly at predicting the outcome using insurance claims data, with the maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.578. The machine learning models also failed to outperform the basic logistic regression.

CONCLUSIONS

Switchbacks are primarily motivated by characteristics not found in large insurance claims databases, such as physician preferences and patient experiences. To improve prediction results, the model developed in this study could be used with data drawn from historical patient records or further demographic data.
The Readiness of Management and Faculty Members in Implementing New Curriculum in Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudin Dinn
Published: April 2020

Improvements in teacher education, in part resulting from better-prepared entrants to pre-service training, will promote better teaching and learning at all levels of education. In responding to this issue, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) as one Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) in Indonesia has formulated “Redesign of Professional Education for Teachers” as one of responses to need for 21st century teacher education. This is marked, among other, by the deep mastery of subject matter to be taught, knowledge of learners and their characteristics, mastery of pedagogical content knowledge, knowledge of context of education, and mastery of ICT used in the teaching and learning processes. This study focuses on identifying and analyzing aspects related to organizational readiness of 2013 UPI Curriculum implementation that is based on Redesign of Professional Education for Teacher. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The selection of the design is due to the main objective of the study is to identify problems in program implementation and to seek appropriate solution to the problems encountered. The subjects of this study involve head of departments and management in Faculty of Education Science. The findings, among other, indicated that the readiness among level of management of the faculty did not correlate with organizational behavior among level management. The management readiness of study program still needs significant reinforcement and strategic direction through effective communication formulas in the implementation of the new curriculum the redesigned teacher professional education.
Research on Ecological Development of Foreign Language Journals—Based on Foreign language Teaching and Research
Authors: Shuo Zhao , Siyu Wang
Published: April 2020

A foreign language journal is an ecosystem because each foreign language journal has different columns. This paper takes Foreign Language Teaching and Research as an example to analyze the ecological development of foreign language journals and give some suggestions on the future development of foreign language journals.
Assessment-schedule matching in unanchored indirect treatment comparisons of progression-free survival in cancer studies
Authors: Kapetanakis Venediktos , Bharmal Murtuza
Published: April 2020

In this Publication Perspective, authors Murtuza Bharmaland and Venediktos Kapetanakis discuss their paper "Assessment-schedule matching in unanchored indirect treatment comparisons of progression-free survival in cancer studies" published in PharmacoEconomics.
Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Tahfizh Qur’an Tematik (TQT) Di SD Aisyiyah Kota Malang
Authors: Imansari Diaken Noor
Published: April 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the implementation of Thematic Qur'anic learning in SD Aisyiyah Malang, (2) the character of students who emerged through this program. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were the vice-principal and the Tahfiz teacher. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of thematic tahfizh Qur'an learning at SD Aisyiyah Malang consisted of four stages, namely the verse selection stage, the film screening stage, the memorization stage, and the evaluation stage. Through the thematic tahfizh Qur'an program implemented in SD Aisyiyah Malang, four characters appear in children, namely the value of religious characters, including the value of pious faith and tolerance; the value of character integrity, shown in honesty, example, politeness, love for truth; independent character values, including hard work, discipline, courage, and learners; and the character values of cooperation, including cooperation, solidarity, and mutual assistance.Keywords: Character Building, Learning, Thematic Qur'anic TahfizhAbstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahi (1) implementasi pembelajaran tahfizh Qur’an Tematik di SD Aisyiyah Kota Malang, (2) karakter siswa yang muncul melalui program ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah wakil kepala sekolah dan guru tahfizh. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran tahfizh Qur’an tematik di SD Aisyiyah Kota Malang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu tahap pemilihan ayat, tahap pemutaran film, tahap menghafal, dan tahap evaluasi. Melalui program tahfizh Qur’an tematik yang dilaksanakan di SD Aisyiyah Kota Malang, tampak empat karakter yang muncul pada anak, yaitu nilai karakter religius, termasuk di dalamnya nilai beriman bertaqwa, dan toleransi; nilai karakter integritas, tampak pada kejujuran, keteladanan, kesantunan, cinta pada kebenaran; nilai karakter mandiri, termasuk pada kerja keras, disiplin, berani, dan pembelajar; dan nilai karakter gotong royong, termasuk di dalamnya kerja sama, solidaritas, dan saling menolong.Kata Kunci: Pembentukan Karakter, Pembelajaran, Tahfizh Qur’an
Cognitive Behavior Therapy dalam menangani kecemasan sosial pada remaja
Authors: Rahmadiani Nixie Devina
Published: April 2020

Remaja dengan kecemasan sosial ditandai dengan perasaan ketidaknyamanan yang signifikan dan menghindari situasi sosial. Individu mudah merasa gugup ketika berada di lingkungan ramai, terkadang muncul keringat dingin, merasa cemas apabila berjalan sendiri sehingga lebih sering pergi ditemani orang lain. Apakah Intervnsi Cognitive Behavior Therapy efektif dalam menangani kecemasan sosial? Studi kasus ini melibatkan seorag remaja yang mengalami kecemasan social yang merasa tidak aman dan cenderung bersikap malu-malu dalam bersikap. Asesmen dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, tes psikologi (CPM, FSCT dan grafis), dan skala kecemasan sosial Liebowitz. Intervensi Cognitive BehaviorTherapy dilaksanakan selama 9 sesi. Hasil dari intervensi menunjukkan subjek mampu mengidentifikasi pemikiran negatif dan merubah menjadi lebih positif serta menurunnya tingkat kecemasan subjek saat berjalan sendiri di lingkungan ramai dalam setting sekolah sesuai target intervensi yang telah ditentukan. Keywords: Cognitive Behavior Therapy, kecemasan sosial, remaja, tes psikologi.
Functions of Speech Acts in “Critical Eleven”
Authors: Dewi Ida Ayu Putu Arini , Kardana I Nyoman , Muliana I Nyoman
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine the speech act functions found in the “Critical Eleven” film and reveal the conversational implicatures used by the film actors. To actualise this aims, this study was conducted using qualitative research designs and by making the speech act theory of (Levinson, 1983) and the speech act function theory of Searle (1979) as the basis for examining the speech act functions in the said film according to its type. The data were collected using the simak method, a method similar to observation one accompanied by an act of scrutinizing speeches of the actors in the film “Critical Eleven”. The oral data were collected from the conversations then transcribed into written data. The data analysis result are presented informally or descriptively. The results of data analysis showed there are five speech act functions in the film, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The representative function is manifested in the act of giving witness, acknowledging, and stating. The directive one includes the act of asking, and urging. Commissive function includes expressing abilities and promising. Expressive function includes blaming, praising, and congratulating. Declarative function is manifested in the act of prohibiting. Examining the function and meaning of speech acts in the film “Critical Eleven” from the perspective of sociolinguistics is an important topic to raise in further research.
Use of Indonesian Language in Space Outside Media in City of Timika
Authors: Panggabean Novaria
Published: April 2020

The strategic position of the Indonesian language for the Indonesian people is reflected in the third pledge of the Youth Pledge in 1928 which reads "We sons of Indonesia uphold the united language of Indonesian" and the 1945 Constitution Article 36 which states that "the language of the country is Indonesian". The aim of the study was to describe the use of Indonesian in outdoor media in the City of Timika. This study is focused on spelling mistakes, misuse of word choices, and sentence errors. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method and prescriptive technique, namely by describing and explaining the findings in the field and providing solutions to the problems found in the use of Indonesian in public spaces in Timika City. The results of this study showed that the forms of errors found in the use of Indonesian in the public area are spelling error, punctuation error, and writing error in absorption elements. The form of spelling errors consists of the use of letters, use of diphthong letters, use of capital letters, consonant combined letter, use of words, basic word, the word affix, reshape, word combination, preposition, abbreviations and acronyms. Meanwhile, the form of punctuation error consists of dot, commas, colon, hyphen, dash, exclamation mark, quotation mark, brackets, and italic line. Furthermore, the form of writing error in absorption elements consists of the use of sentences and words choice. In conclusion, there are still some errors found in public spaces in Timika city.
Improvement of English Grammar Understanding Using ERWRT For STMIK STIKOM Indonesia’s Students
Authors: Monny Maria Osmunda Eawea , Evelyn Angelita Pinondang Manurung
Published: April 2020

This study aims to improve English grammar understanding using ERWRT for STMIK STIKOM Indonesia’s students. The approach in this research is action research using Classroom Action research (CAR). The data are collected by using observation, interview and literary research. The results of this study showed that the implementation of ERWRT has improved students’ level of understanding on English grammar that can be seen through pre-implementation, Middle Test (Cycle I) and Final Test (Cycle II). The results of pre–implementation show that out of 38 students, there were 28 students did not get the lowest score 55 as the passing score of the college. Middle Test (Cycle I) tested 6 topics those are (1) subject pronouns; (2) preposition of place; (3) simple present tense; (4) agreement of subject and verb; (5) agreement of numbers and nouns dan (6) simple past tense. The results of the test show that out of 36 students only 18 students get the score above 55. Final Test (Cycle II) there is 15 numbers tested with 6 previous topics and 6 new topics; those are (1) article; (2) object pronouns; (3) time division (AM/PM); (4) telling time and (5) modal verbs. The results of Cycle II show that 35 students can score above 55. In conclusion, ERWRT can be applied to improve students’ level of understanding on English grammar and writing skills. This test also can be used to analyze grammar error through reading but cannot be used for listening and speaking skills.
Caregivers Experience in Performing Interpersonal Communication and Directive Speech Acts With Elderly in Japan and Bali Nursing Home
Authors: Purwaningsih Ni Komang , Yoga Pratama Agus Darma
Published: April 2020

An increasing number of elderly in Japan and Indonesia, especially Bali, has led to increased health needs to care for them in nursing homes. Health workers, such as caregivers, are the closest people to communicate directly with the elderly. Communication can be called interpersonal communication which is a process of direct information or transfer of understanding of two or more people. Good interpersonal communication will build closeness and intimacy in the process of delivering messages. Therefore this study tried to analyze the experience of caregivers in implementing interpersonal communication and also determine the form of directive speech acts used by caregivers in caring for the elderly in nursing homes. The method used in this research was a qualitative descriptive method by phenomenological approach. The results showed that interpersonal communication applied by caregivers in caring for the elderly provided verbal and non verbal interpersonal communication. In addition, in the communication process of caregive-elderly is also formed directive speech act including prohibitions, requests and questions. In conclusion, caregivers need to have the ability to communicate effectively with elderly.
Anti-Inflammation Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil In- Vitro Against Raw Cells 264.7
Authors: M Amin , J Silalahi , U Harahap , D Satria
Published: April 2020

Objective:This study aimsto determine the anti-inflammation activity of pure coconut oil on Raw Cell 264.7 induced by LPSMethods: The anti-inflammation activity test for Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) was carried out by testing the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 genes on RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS by the method Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).Results: The test results of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2 gene expression from VCO on RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased the value of VCO density. In iNOS expression, VCO density values ​​(0,90±0,015) showed significantly different effects with positive and negative controls p<0,05, VCO IL-1β density values ​​(2,47±0,010) showed different effects. significant with normal control, positive control and negative control p<0,05, TNF-α density value on VCO (0,91±0,010) showed significantly different effects from positive control and negative control p<0,05, then the value IL-6 density at VCO (1,23 ± 0,015) showed significantly different effects from normal and positive controls p<0,05, and COX-2 density values ​​at VCO (1,02±0,015) showed significantly different effects with normal and positive controls p<0,05.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study VCO on RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS can inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 genes so that VCO effectively has anti-inflammatory activity.
Bioactive Constituent Profiling of Poly Herbal Distillate Thiribhaladi Dravagam to Evaluate Its Credible Therapeutic Role in Siddha Clinical Practices
Authors: S Vinayak , R Gayatri , Wilson Eugene , Rajkumar Shyamala , Kumar K.N Sunil , Selvarajan S. , K Kanakavalli
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Hydro distillation in Siddha medicine is the technique of extracting valuable principles from a pre-processed raw drug through the traditional process of distillation under a controlled temperature setting. Thiribhaladi Dravagam (TD) is one of the polyherbal distillate formulation stated in the Tamil medical text specified for phlegmatic affections. The drug was subjected to GC-MS studies to screen its bioactive sketch. Methods: Two sets of raw drug samples from different locations were collected. The raw drugs were purified and pre-processed as per the classical literature and distilled in a traditional apparatus. Two distillate samples (TD 1 & TD 2) were prepared from the set of ingredients and were screened for its constituents. Results: The Gas chromatogram of TD 1 revealed 4 prominent peaks with retention time ranging from 4.84 to 8.27. TD 2 reported 8 prominent peaks with retention time ranging from 3.35 to 7.88.  The study testified the presence of active volatile metabolites like aldehydes and oxygenated monoterpenes like citral and borneol, monocyclic alcoholic compounds like terpineol and organic acids like caprylic acid from both the samples. TD 2 reported more pharmacologically valuable lead molecules than TD 1, which may be due to the variation in diversity of the two sets of raw drug samples. Conclusion: The bio constituents of TD was found to be pharmacologically significant from the review of various reputed research works supporting the traditional claim on its role in  the respiratory system and for maintaining good health. Through the review of Thiribhaladi Dravagam and its analytical part performed through GC-MS, the medical applications of TD in multiple clinical associations and as a perfect health promoter has been justified for promoting its traditional value.
The Rationality of the Use of Intravenous Preparations in Diarrhea Patients in the Tk Ii Putri Hijau Kesdam I Bukit Barisan Hospital
Authors: D Darmayanto , W Wiryanto , Suwarso Edy
Published: April 2020

Objective: to evaluate the rationality of the use of intravenous preparations during diarrhea therapy which is limited to the right patient, the right indication, the right drug and the right dose.

Design: the study used descriptive and retrospective design by medical record of the TK II Putri Hijau KESDAM I Bukit Barisan hospital Medan. The criteria taken are patients with diarrhea with bacterial infections in the period of January – December 2018.

Interventions: the intervened  variable were the rationality of the use of intravenous preparations during diarrhea with bacterial infections.

Main outcome measures: the main measurement in this study were the right patient, the right indication, the right drug and the right dose for diarrhea patients with bacterial infections..

Results:  there were 885 diarrhea patients included in the inclusion criteria out of a total of 1,302 patients. Inaccurated of drugs used during diarrhea therapy were ceftriaxonee that overdosed in 36 cases and ciprofloxacin that overdosed by 14 cases.

Conclusion: it could  be concluded that the inaccurate use of ceftriaxonee and ciprofloxacin were included in the incorrect criteria of the right dose for patients with diarrhea with bacterial infections.
Inhibitory AKT2 And Vegr2 Genes Expression of Avicennia Marina Using RT-PCR On Widr Cells
Authors: T Qurrohman, , P.A.Z. Hasibuan, , M Basyuni,
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the activities the anticancer of n-hexane extract of Avicennia marina leaves on WiDr cells in down-regulated of expression of Akt2 and VEGFR2 genes.

Methods: Avicennia marina leaves  were dried and extracted with n-hexane, analyzed the down-regulated Akt 2 and VEGFR2 expression which was determined the Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method.

Results:N-hexane extract of Avicennia marina, in which there were down regulated expression Akt 2 and VEGFR2 of 0.43 and 0.50 WiDr cells. N-hexane extract of mangrove leaves has cancer chemoprevention activity with down-regulated on WiDr cells.

Conclusions: :N-hexane extract of Avicennia marina leaves had anticancer activity with down-regulated on WiDr cells, suggest that significantly inhibit the expression of Akt2 and VEGFR2 genes.
Aplikasi Kotoran Sapi untuk Perbaikan Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada Media Sub Soil
Authors: Hidayat Fandi , Syarovy Muhdan , Pradiko Iput , Rahutomo Suroso
Published: April 2020

Standar media tanam untuk bibit kelapa sawit adalah top soil dengan kan-dungan bahan organik yang cukup. Meskipun demikian, pada kondisi tertentu seperti di lahan mineral marjinal dimana top soil sudah tererosi berat, sehingga top soil sulit didapat. Pada kondisi demikian maka sub soil digunakan sebagai media tanam. Sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi sub soil umumnya kurang memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan sebagai media tanam, namun sifat tersebut masih mungkin diperbaiki dengan me-nambahkan bahan pembenah tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bahan pem-benah tanah dalam bentuk kotoran sapi (notasi O, taraf 0 dan 5%) dan pemupukan anorganik standar (notasi S, taraf 0; 25; 50; 75; dan 100%) terhadap perubahan sifat kimia media sub soil dan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit. Penelitian disusun meng-gunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (O0S0), standar pupuk anorganik (O0S100), dan 5 perlakuan lainnya yang merupakan kombinasi antara 5% kotoran sapi dengan berbagai taraf standar pupuk anorganik (O5S0, O5S25, O5S50, O5S75, dan O5S100). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi 5% kotoran sapi meningkatkan ketersediaan bahan organik, kapasitas tukar kation, dan hara tersedia di media sub soil. Meskipun O5S50 (kombinasi aplikasi 5% kotoran sapi dan 50% pupuk anorganik standar telah menghasilkan nilai Efektivitas Agronomi Nisbi (EAN) di atas 100%, pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit terbaik diperoleh pada per-lakuan O5S100 (kombinasi aplikasi 5% kotoran sapi dan 100% dosis pupuk anorganik standar).
Trends of demographic ageing and feminization of aged population in Serbia
Authors: Penev Goran
Published: April 2020

The ageing of the aged represents one of the main features of the demographic
ageing in Serbia during the post-war period. The main indicator of this
process is the increase in the share of persons aged 80 and over in total
old age population (60+). The author analyzes the dynamics of the elderly
population (80+) in the period from 1948-1991 with a special emphasis on the
composition by sex. An emphasis is also placed on the regional differences
in the process of the demographic ageing of the aged. According to the
population projections of Serbia until 2021, it would be realistic to expect
an intensive aging of the old - the number of persons aged 80 and over could
more than double (from 174 thousand to 368 thousand) and their share in the
total could reach 15.3%.
Attitudes and behaviour of women in Kosovo and Metohija relevant for the population policy
Authors: Rasevic Mirjana , Petrovic Mina
Published: April 2020

A need for extensive investigation of the phenomenon of births in Kosovo and
Metohija arises from the fact that our knowledge is almost exclusively based
on the population census data (the last census for the whole territory of
the province was taken in 1981), vital statistics (reliable data are
available for years up to 1989) and two representative surveys (conducted in
1970 and 1976). A more comprehensive insight into fertility and population
reproduction is needed in order to formulate population policy measures for
which there has been an abject need for some time already. In February 1998,
a pilot survey was conducted on the sample of 116 women who had given birth
in three different types of maternity wards in Kosovo and Metohija. Despite
methodological limitations with regard to the size and manner of the sample
selection, its composition was satisfactory in terms of basic social and
demographic characteristics as shown by the comparison with vital statistics
for 1989 and 1994. This paper discusses behaviour and attitudes expressed by
women which are of relevance to the population policy. This should enable an
assessment of the elements of receptiveness or its dynamics following
application of measures that take into account the needs of women in terms
of reproductive behaviour of a certain population. The analysis of the
results points to both the dominant role and a process of transformation in
the traditional reproductive behaviour and attitudes of women. In terms of
value standards and desired situations, a higher level of modification and
dissolution of traditional barriers may be observed. However, even in the
domain of standards of social value, differences may be observed with regard
to the degree of openness to change, which is much more intense in terms of
general attitudes than in those closely affecting the lives of those
surveyed. This naturally causes certain inconsistencies and the ambivalence
in statements given by the women surveyed, which is very characteristic of
transitional stage and also inevitably reflects contradictions in behaviour.
However, numerous findings point to the formation of positive receptiveness,
which is an essential element of the population climate needed for
implementation of the family planning programs as well as for designing the
population policy measures. On one hand, this would facilitate the
satisfaction of current needs and, on the other, especially through further
education, accelerate the process of their transformation in the domain of
reproductive behaviour and the place of women in society. In other words, as
shown by the level of development of needs of the women surveyed,
implementation of the family planning program is most urgently required in
order to speed up transformation of the economic and psychological cost of
parenthood as a social role of women.
Level of urban development of demographic areas in Serbia
Authors: Stevanovic Radoslav , Stojanovic Branislav
Published: April 2020

The main aim of this analysis was to determine the demographic effects of the
process of urbanization (as measured by the level of population
concentration in, formally speaking, urban settlements) on the regional
division of Serbia (made more than three decades ago) into standard zones
for demographic research. Likewise, the aim of the investigation was to
determine (as accurately as possible) the extent to which this scheme of
regional division could be used as a basis for demographic regionalization
of the territory of the Republic. This two-tier scheme divides the area of
Serbia into thirty I-tier (I) zones (regions) and seven II-tier zones
(regions) by combining some, usually modified, geographic criteria and
(fully applying) the carefully selected strictly demographic criteria, but
not applying those of the spatial-demographic character (like densities,
migratory features, urbanization). Demographic effects of the process of
urbanization (as a strictly demographic parameter) on this regional division
were investigated only in terms of the I-tier zones and not at lower
(subregional) spatial units - municipalities. The changes were analysed for
the period from 1971 to 1991 only, which was estimated as representative
enough for this process. Based on the investigation results, the following
was concluded: - despite strong demographic effects of the process of
urbanization, most standard zones for demographic research have managed to
keep the relatively high degree of homogeneity, which makes the current
regional division of Serbia quite acceptable with some slight modifications;
- modifications of this scheme, as determined by the demographic effects of
the process of urbanization, would mostly go into the direction of
intra-regional changes in regions to which the major urban agglomerations of
Serbia belong because, as large concentrations of population, they form a
new spatial demographic structure of these zones (regions); - the modified
scheme (adjusted to the actual demographic state and the structure of the
zones) would represent a proper base for demographic regionalization of the
Republic of Serbia.
Outcome assessment of orthodontic clear aligner vs fixed appliance treatment in a teenage population with mild malocclusions
Authors: Borda Alissa F. , Garfinkle Judah S. , Covell David A. , Wang Mansen , Doyle Larry , Sedgley Christine M.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To assess the efficacy and efficiency of treatment in adolescents presenting with mild malocclusions, comparing outcomes using clear aligners to fixed appliances.

Materials and Methods

Patients identified retrospectively and consecutively from one private practice had been treated with either clear aligners (Invisalign, Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) or fixed appliances (0.022 Damon, Ormco, Orange, Calif; n = 26/group). Assessments of occlusion were made using the American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index (DI) for initial records and Cast-Radiograph Evaluation (CRE) for final records. Number of appointments, number of emergency visits, and overall treatment time were determined from chart reviews. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, Wilcoxon rank tests, unpaired t-tests, and Chi-square tests, with significance set to P ≤ .05.

Results

Pretreatment, the aligner and fixed groups showed no significant difference in overall severity (DI: 11.9 ± 5.3 vs 11.6 ± 4.8) or in any individual DI category. Posttreatment scores showed finishes for the aligner group had fewer discrepancies from ideal relative to the fixed appliance group (CRE: 30.1 ± 8.3 vs 37.0 ± 9.3; P < .01). Patients treated with aligners had fewer appointments (13.7 ± 4.4 vs 19.3 ± 3.6; P < .0001), fewer emergency visits (0.8 ± 1.0 vs 3.6 ± 2.5; P < .0001), and shorter overall treatment time (16.9 ± 5.7 vs 23.4 ± 4.4 months; P < .0001).

Conclusions

Outcomes for treatment of mild malocclusions in adolescents showed equivalent effectiveness of clear aligners compared to fixed appliances, with significantly improved results for clear aligner treatment in terms of tooth alignment, occlusal relations, and overjet. Assessment of the number of appointments, number of emergency visits, and overall treatment time showed better outcomes for treatment with clear aligners.
Pharmacologic PPAR-γ Activation Reprograms Bone Marrow Macrophages and Partially Rescues HSPC Mobilization in Human and Murine Diabetes
Authors: Tedesco Serena , Ciciliot Stefano , Menegazzo Lisa , D’Anna Marianna , Scattolini Valentina , Cappellari Roberta , Cignarella Andrea , Avogaro Angelo , Albiero Mattia , Fadini Gian Paolo
Published: April 2020

Mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) from the bone marrow (BM) is impaired in diabetes. Excess oncostatin M (OSM) produced by M1 macrophages in the diabetic BM signals through p66Shc to induce Cxcl12 in stromal cells and retain HSPC. BM adipocytes are another source of CXCL12 that blunts mobilization. We tested a strategy of pharmacologic macrophage reprogramming to rescue HSPC mobilization. In vitro, PPAR-γ activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12. In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc, and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes. Osm deletion recapitulated the effects of pioglitazone on adipogenesis, which was p66Shc independent, and double knockout of Osm and p66Shc completely rescued HSPC mobilization. In the absence of OSM, BM adipocytes produced less CXCL12, being arguably devoid of HSPC-retaining activity, whereas pioglitazone failed to downregulate Cxcl12 in BM adipocytes. In patients with diabetes on pioglitazone therapy, HSPC mobilization after G-CSF was partially rescued. In summary, pioglitazone reprogrammed BM macrophages and suppressed OSM signaling, but sustained Cxcl12 expression by BM adipocytes could limit full recovery of HSPC mobilization.
Role of VIP and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathways in Mediating Epithelial Wound Healing, Sensory Nerve Regeneration, and Their Defects in Diabetic Corneas
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Gao Nan , Wu Lin , Lee Patrick S.Y. , Me Rao , Dai Chenyang , Xie Lixin , Yu Fu-shin X.
Published: April 2020

Diabetic keratopathy, a sight-threatening corneal disease, comprises several symptomatic conditions including delayed epithelial wound healing, recurrent erosions, and sensory nerve (SN) neuropathy. We investigated the role of neuropeptides in mediating corneal wound healing, including epithelial wound closure and SN regeneration. Denervation by resiniferatoxin severely impaired corneal wound healing and markedly upregulated proinflammatory gene expression. Exogenous neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) partially reversed resiniferatoxin’s effects, with VIP specifically inducing interleukin-10 expression. Hence, we focused on VIP and observed that wounding induced VIP and VIP type 1 receptor (VIPR1) expression in normal (NL) corneas, but not corneas from mice with diabetes mellitus (DM). Targeting VIPR1 in NL corneas attenuated corneal wound healing, dampened wound-induced expression of neurotrophic factors, and exacerbated inflammatory responses, while exogenous VIP had the opposite effects in DM corneas. Remarkably, wounding and diabetes also affected the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) in a VIP-dependent manner. Downregulating Shh expression in NL corneas decreased while exogenous Shh in DM corneas increased the rates of corneal wound healing. Furthermore, inhibition of Shh signaling dampened VIP-promoted corneal wound healing. We conclude that VIP regulates epithelial wound healing, inflammatory response, and nerve regeneration in the corneas in an Shh-dependent manner, suggesting a therapeutic potential for these molecules in treating diabetic keratopathy.
The Molecular Diagnosis Protocols of New Coronavirus (COVID-19); Specificity and Sensitivity an Overview
Authors: Ahmed Hama Abdullah , Abdulrahman Mohammed Othman , Mahmud Ali Fatima , Hamid Shareef Osama , Muhammad Wli Sardar , Sharif Sabiha , Ahmed Qadir Syamand
Published: April 2020

Acute respiratory tract infection is a common public health concern worldwide a new emerging contagious virus (COVID-2019) or SARSC- 2 causing a pandemic pneumonia outbreak, The main transmission route of this virus is through droplets from respiratory made during sneezing or coughing of infected people like the recent viral infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Many epidemiological factors have a crucial role in promoting the transmission of the COVID-2019 that makes the disease as an emerging and global alarming against this new coronavirus. Early diagnosis of the etiological agents is critical for appropriate management, controlling plan, protection, and treatment. The new outbreak of COVID-19 can be detected by different molecular protocols. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the recommended technique used with varied sensitivity due to primers variation and specimen type. The reliable, high specific and sensitive diagnosis protocols are necessary for an emerging control plan. This study will review and explore the most available methods of molecular identification and primers for the diagnosis of the new coronavirus (COVID-19). This review will also open the new clues to develop and select appropriate diagnosis panel and specific primers for new coronavirus. In conclusion of this review, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and RdRp/Hel protocols will be valuable to distinguish the  COVID-19 from the SARS-CoV and the other respiratory viral pathogens.
Цитомегаловирусная инфекция у пациентов с острым инфарктом миокарда
Authors: Lebedeva A.M. , Mariuhnich E.V. , Albakova T.M. , Albakova R.M. , Riazankina N.B. , Ryzhkova E.V.
Published: April 2020

Прогрессирование и дестабилизация атеросклеротической бляшки являются основной причиной развития острого инфаркта миокарда. При этом в последние годы получены убедительные данные о том, что основной причиной, вызывающей прогрессирование атеросклероза, является хроническая воспалительная реакция и активация иммунных клеток внутри атеросклеротических бляшек. Однако причины, провоцирующие воспаление в бляшке, несмотря на их важность, остаются в значительной степени неизвестными. Ранее были получены данные о роли вирусных и бактериальных инфекций в атерогенезе, тем не менее результаты работ крайне противоречивы. Среди вероятных триггеров воспалительной реакции особое место занимает группа герпесвирусов человека и прежде всего цитомегаловирус. Они являются наиболее распространенными вирусами в популяции и часто хронически персистирующих в организме, что коррелирует с хроническим воспалением при атеросклерозе. В настоящем обзоре мы рассмотрим полученные нами и другими исследователями данные о цитомегаловирусной активации при ишемической болезни сердца.
Секвенциальное коронарное шунтирование с использованием обеих внутренних грудных артерий на работающем сердце
Authors: ZHelihazheva M.V. , Merzliakov V.IU. , Baichurin R.K.
Published: April 2020

Секвенциальное шунтирование эффективный способ реваскуляризации миокарда при ряде ситуаций, когда стандартная реваскуляризация не представляется возможной по ряду причин (при атеросклеротически измененной восходящей аорте, гемодинамически значимых поражениях подключичной артерии, дефиците кондуитов, повторных операциях аортокоронарного шунтирования и т. д.). Подкожная вена все еще широко используется в качестве аортального/коронарного шунта из-за легкости доступа, подготовки и возможности использования для нескольких шунтов. Однако у шунта такого типа может развиться гиперплазия интимы и атеросклеротическое поражение с уровнем окклюзии 1015 в первый год после операции. После 10 лет только 60 венозных шунтов остаются проходимыми, из них только 50 не имеют признаков значительного стеноза. Также могут наблюдаться осложнения в нижней конечности, где происходил забор. Во внутренней грудной артерии редко развивается атеросклероз, и ее диаметр обычно сопоставим с диаметром коронарной артерии, которой требуется реваскуляризация. В нашем случае обстоятельства, послужившие причиной выбора техники секвенциального шунтирования, были связаны с недостатком кондуитов и стремлением к более полной реваскуляризации.