bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG DOCTORS: A PILOT STUDY FROM ODISHA
Authors: Manjareeka Magna , Mishra Soumya , Nayak Prakash K , Patro Shubhransu , Mishra Jayanti , Dash Suresh C
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study was planned to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among doctors of Bhubaneswar. Methods: A cross-sectional, single-centered observational study was conducted among doctors over a period of 8 months after clearance from Institutional Ethical Committee. All consented participants were subjected to anthropometric measurements and physical examination. Fasting plasma glucose and complete lipid profile were estimated using standard procedures after 12 h of overnight fast. MetS was defined according to the Modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for MetS screening. Results: Among 170 participants (males - 117 and females - 53), 64 (37.65%) were with MetS. Prevalence of same was higher in males (41.9%) than females (28.3%). The younger doctors (≤40 years) had more prevalence of MetS compared to the elderly (>40 years) doctors (41 [39.8%] vs. 23 [34.3%]). In the males, high blood pressure was the major contributor to the prevalence of MetS followed by low high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglyceride values. However, in females, low HDL-C and greater waist circumference contributed the maximum to MetS. Conclusion: In the present study, the young male doctors have a greater prevalence of MetS than the older and the females. MetS is still a significant public health problem in the educated population including those of doctors, especially the younger ones.
IN VITRO STUDIES OF BIOMATERIAL DEVICE “HYDROXYAPATITE” PREPARED FROM DIFFERENT ROUTES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Rasool Ishfaq , Singh Anjuvan
Published: October 2018

Objective: Biomaterial devices are used to replace any damaged or destroyed parts of the human body. Our body tissue and bone perform for an extended period of time, but sometimes they do suffer from a kind of destructive processes, including infection, fracture, or loss of function. The objective of our study is to solve the existing problem, as it may be possible to get rid of the diseased tissue and put back it with some suitable synthetic material.Methods: A new versatile and economic method is used for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (Hap). In this method, the effect of three different stirring techniques (ultrasonic, magnetic, and double-step stirring) on the properties of hydroxyapatite was investigated. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite by different methods was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy analysis. An in vitro study of synthesized hydroxyapatite was done to test for biocompatibility.Results: Pure white and crystalline hydroxyapatite was obtained by the chemical precipitation method as it was confirmed through XRD and FTIR analysis. It was confirmed that hydroxyapatite synthesized using sonication and magnetic stirring method was pure and stable in nature. The bioactivity evaluation of synthesized hydroxyapatite was done using biodegradation tests and by its interaction with the peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite was synthesized successfully by bringing variation in process parameters using a chemical precipitation method. To prove for biocompatibility behavior of synthesized biomaterial bioactivity and biodegradation test was done successfully.
EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CYPERUS KYLLINGIA ENDL. IN EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA-INDUCED SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: Gangopadhyay Amites , Chakraborty Mainak , Haldar Pallab Kanti , Chaulya Nitai Chand , Ghosh Amitava
Published: October 2018

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant status of ethanolic extract of Cyperus kyllingia Endl. on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-treated mice.Methods: The determination of in vivo antitumor activity was performed using EAC cells inoculated mice groups (n=12). The groups were treated for 9 consecutive days with ethanolic extract of C. kyllingia (EECK) at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w., respectively. After 24 h of the last dose, half of the mice were sacrificed and the rest were kept alive for assessment of increase in life span. The antitumor potential of EECK was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and non-viable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological parameters, and biochemical estimations. Furthermore, antioxidant parameters were assayed by estimating liver tissue enzymes.Results: EECK showed direct cytotoxicity on EAC cell line in a dose-dependent manner. EECK exhibited significant (p<0.05) decrease in the tumor volume, viable cell count, tumor weight, and elevated the life span of EAC tumor-bearing mice. The hematological profile, biochemical estimations, and tissue antioxidant assay were reverted to normal level in EECK-treated mice.Conclusion: Experimental results revealed that EECK possesses potent antitumor and antioxidant properties. Further, research is going on to find out the active principle(s) of EECK for better understanding of mechanism of its antitumor and antioxidant activity.
BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF SWERTIAMARIN, A SECOIRIDOID GLYCOSIDE OF ENICOSTEMMA LITTORALE LEAVES, STUDIED IN HIGH-FAT DIET–FED LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Authors: R Selvam , K Muruganantham , S Subramanian
Published: October 2018

Objective: Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside present in the leaves of Enicostemma littorale, is reported to be responsible for its pharmacological and beneficial properties. The present study was aimed to biochemically evaluate the antidiabetic properties of Swertiamarin in high fat diet fed - low dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats.Methods: High-fat diet-fed low-dose STZ was used to induce experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were orally treated with swertiamarin (50 mg/kg b.w./rat/day) for 30 days. The physiological criterions such as food and fluid intake were recorded. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were estimated. The activities of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in the liver and kidney tissues were assayed. The glycogen content in liver tissue was estimated.Result: Oral administration of swertiamarin to diabetic rats established a significant decline in the levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c as well as HOMA-IR values and an increase in plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels. The altered activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate and glycogen metabolism in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats were restored to near normalcy by swertiamarin treatment.Conclusion: Swertiamarin treatment maintains normoglycemia in diabetic rats by modulating the activities of key carbohydrate and glycogen metabolizing enzymes in the hepatic and renal tissues.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN WHITE RATS INDUCED BY PARACETAMOL
Authors: Sitorus Panal , Nerdy Nerdy
Published: October 2018

Objectives: A study on the hepatoprotective effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract on white rats induced by paracetamol was aimed to obtaining scientific data and evidence the hepatoprotective ability of the extract.Methods: The research was a complete randomized design, using 36 white rats which were divided into 6 groups. The normal control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by distilled water 8 hours after treatment. The positive control group was given 100 mg curcumin per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The negative control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The test group was given 50, 100 and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. Blood sampling was carried out 3 times (before treatment, after treatment and after induction).Results: With doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats give significant difference on the decrease of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels after paracetamol administration.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract were potentially hepatoprotective.
Detección de polifarmacia y prescripción potencialmente inapropiada en el adulto mayor en una unidad de medicina familiar
Authors: Zavala Rubio Juan de Dios , Terán Martínez Mirna Alejandra , Nava Álvarez María Guadalupe , Pineda Maldonado Mario Luis , De la Mata Márquez Miriam Judith
Published: October 2018

Objetivos: determinar la presencia de polifarmacia y prescripción potencialmente inapropiada en adultos mayores en una unidad de medicina familiar. Métodos: estudio transversal. Se analizaron 180 expedientes clínicos seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio sistemático; los criterios de inclusión: pacientes mayores de 65 años, de ambos sexos, con diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas, adscritos a la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 24 de Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas, México, que acudieron a citas mensuales de agosto de 2016 a julio de 2017; se utilizaron los criterios stopp/start para evaluar la pertinencia de prescripción u omisión de medicamentos en adultos mayores con base en la nota médica; se recabaron datos sociodemográficos y se realizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de las variables de estudio. Resultados: se evaluaron 180 expedientes, 123 mujeres (68%) y 58 hombres (32%); edad promedio, 69.4 años. Se detectó polifarmacia en 161 de ellos (89%), promedio de cuatro a seis fármacos por consulta en 94 pacientes (52%). Los criterios stopp se incumplen en 160 de los expedientes evaluados (89%), en 108 expedientes (68.7%) los pacientes recibían al menos un medicamento inapropiado, los medicamentos que actúan en el sistema músculo esquelético como antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (aines), son los mayormente prescritos. De acuerdo con los criterios start existió apego en 132 expedientes (73%), los fármacos del sistema endocrino fueron los más prescritos. Conclusiones: se detectó la existencia de polifarmacia y prescripción potencialmente inapropiada en el adulto mayor en más de la mitad de los expedientes evaluados. Los criterios stopp/start son subutilizados, ambos criterios son una herramienta aplicable en la consulta del médico familiar y permiten mediante su aplicación evitar el riesgo de efectos adversos o complicaciones asociadas al mal uso de medicamentos.
Corporate social responsibility and quality management system in the context of blockchain technology
Authors: Yeung Shirley Mo Ching
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this paper is to integrate quality management system, corporate social responsibility guidelines, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, blockchain related documents and qualitative interview results from Hong Kong and Slovakia to design a set of social inclusive quality indicators within the context of the higher education sector. Three levels for social inclusive quality indicators in relation to blockchain content distribution technology in HE have been identified: governance with transparency, trust building with the sustainable community in needs fulfilment; industry innovations with risk and security audit mechanism. The contribution of this paper is to raise awareness of educators, industry practitioners and policy makers about the importance of social inclusion in blockchain technology. This study fills the gap through integrating system thinking, humanistic thinking and proactive thinking in the higher education context.
Radon priority areas - definition, estimation and uncertainty
Authors: Bossew Peter
Published: October 2018

Posing a substantial risk to human health, indoor radon has increasingly been
subject to regulation. One key concept is the one of radon prone or priority
areas, which are understood as regions where prevention, mitigation or
remediation action should be taken with priority. Radon priority areas must
be defined, and once defined, estimated from data. Radon priority area
estimation or delineation amounts to a classification problem, as a domain
(a country) has to be divided into mutually exclusive zones of different
?priorityness?. Classifying areas into priority zones entails decisions
about action to be implemented. Touching stakeholder interests, may prove
economically and politically costly. Therefore, decisions should be
justifiable, which implies, among other, reliability of the Radon priority
area estimate, meaning statistically, controlling for estimation
uncertainty. Some aspects of Radon priority area definition, estimation and
uncertainty will be discussed in this article.
MANF Is Required for the Postnatal Expansion and Maintenance of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass in Mice
Authors: Danilova Tatiana , Belevich Ilya , Li Huini , Palm Erik , Jokitalo Eija , Otonkoski Timo , Lindahl Maria
Published: October 2018

Global lack of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotropic factor (MANF) leads to progressive postnatal loss of β-cell mass and insulin-dependent diabetes in mice. Similar to Manf−/− mice, embryonic ablation of MANF specifically from the pancreas results in diabetes. In this study, we assessed the importance of MANF for the postnatal expansion of pancreatic β-cell mass and for adult β-cell maintenance in mice. Detailed analysis of Pdx-1Cre+/−::Manffl/fl mice revealed mosaic MANF expression in postnatal pancreata and a significant correlation between the number of MANF-positive β-cells and β-cell mass in individual mice. In vitro, recombinant MANF induced β-cell proliferation in islets from aged mice and protected from hyperglycemia-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Consequently, excision of MANF from β-cells of adult MIP-1CreERT::Manffl/fl mice resulted in reduced β-cell mass and diabetes caused largely by β-cell ER stress and apoptosis, possibly accompanied by β-cell dedifferentiation and reduced rates of β-cell proliferation. Thus, MANF expression in adult mouse β-cells is needed for their maintenance in vivo. We also revealed a mechanistic link between ER stress and inflammatory signaling pathways leading to β-cell death in the absence of MANF. Hence, MANF might be a potential target for regenerative therapy in diabetes.
Pancreatic β-Cell Rest Replenishes Insulin Secretory Capacity and Attenuates Diabetes in an Extreme Model of Obese Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Boland Brandon B. , Brown Charles , Boland Michelle L. , Cann Jennifer , Sulikowski Michal , Hansen Gitte , Grønlund Rikke V. , King Wanda , Rondinone Cristina , Trevaskis James , Rhodes Christopher J. , Grimsby Joseph S.
Published: October 2018

The onset of common obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) is marked by exhaustive failure of pancreatic β-cell functional mass to compensate for insulin resistance and increased metabolic demand, leading to uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Here, the β-cell–deficient obese hyperglycemic/hyperinsulinemic KS db/db mouse model was used to assess consequential effects on β-cell functional recovery by lowering glucose homeostasis and/or improving insulin sensitivity after treatment with thiazolidinedione therapy or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonism alone or in combination with sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition (SGLT-2i). SGLT-2i combination therapies improved glucose homeostasis, independent of changes in body weight, resulting in a synergistic increase in pancreatic insulin content marked by significant recovery of the β-cell mature insulin secretory population but with limited changes in β-cell mass and no indication of β-cell dedifferentiation. Restoration of β-cell insulin secretory capacity also restored biphasic insulin secretion. These data emphasize that by therapeutically alleviating the demand for insulin in vivo, irrespective of weight loss, endogenous β-cells recover significant function that can contribute to attenuating diabetes. Thus, this study provides evidence that alleviation of metabolic demand on the β-cell, rather than targeting the β-cell itself, could be effective in delaying the progression of T2D.
Increase Functional β-Cell Mass in Subcutaneous Alginate Capsules With Porcine Prenatal Islet Cells but Loss With Human Adult Islet Cells
Authors: De Mesmaeker Ines , Robert Thomas , Suenens Krista G. , Stangé Geert M. , Van Hulle Freya , Ling Zhidong , Tomme Peter , Jacobs-Tulleneers-Thevissen Daniel , Keymeulen Bart , Pipeleers Daniel G.
Published: October 2018

Alginate (Alg)-encapsulated porcine islet cell grafts are developed to overcome limitations of human islet transplantation. They can generate functional implants in animals when prepared from fetal, perinatal, and adult pancreases. Implants have not yet been examined for efficacy to establish sustained, metabolically adequate functional β-cell mass (FBM) in comparison with human islet cells. This study in immune-compromised mice demonstrates that subcutaneous implants of Alg-encapsulated porcine prenatal islet cells with 4 × 105 β-cells form, over 10 weeks, a FBM that results in glucose-induced plasma C-peptide >2 ng/mL and metabolic control over the following 10 weeks, with higher efficiency than nonencapsulated, while failing in peritoneum. This intracapsular FBM formation involves β-cell replication, increasing number fourfold, and maturation toward human adult β-cells. Subcutaneous Alg-encapsulated human islet cells with similar β-cell number establish implants with plasma C-peptide >2 ng/mL for the first 10 weeks, with nonencapsulated cells failing; their β-cells do not replicate but progressively die (>70%), explaining C-peptide decline and insufficient metabolic control. An Alg matrix thus helps establish β-cell functions in subcutis. It allows formation of sustained metabolically adequate FBM by immature porcine β-cells with proliferative activity but not by human adult islet cells. These findings define conditions for evaluating its immune-protecting properties.
Efficacy of an Education Program for People With Diabetes and Insulin Pump Treatment (INPUT): Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ehrmann Dominic , Kulzer Bernhard , Schipfer Melanie , Lippmann-Grob Bernhard , Haak Thomas , Hermanns Norbert
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is the most advanced form of insulin delivery, but it requires structured education to provide users with the necessary knowledge/skills and to support their motivation. Currently, no structured education program designed to provide this training has been evaluated. We developed a CSII-specific, structured education program (Insulin Pump Treatment [INPUT]) and evaluated its impact on glycemic control, behavior, and psychosocial status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a multicenter, randomized, parallel trial with a 6-month follow-up. Eligible participants (age 16–75 years) currently were treated with insulin pump therapy. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to the INPUT program or to usual care using a computer-generated algorithm, with study center as the stratification factor. The primary outcome was HbA1c change from baseline to 6 months. Secondary outcomes were incidence of severe hypoglycemia and changes in behavioral and psychosocial measures.

RESULTS

Between 1 April 2016 and 26 April 2016, 268 people with diabetes and a mean duration of CSII therapy of 9.5 years were randomly assigned to the INPUT group (n = 135) or control group (n = 133). At 6 months, HbA1c improved in the INPUT group (8.33 ± 0.8 vs. 8.04 ± 0.9; P < 0.0001) but not in the control group (8.33 ± 1.0 vs. 8.27 ± 1.0; P = 0.11). The between-group difference in HbA1c reduction was significant, favoring INPUT (−0.28% vs. −0.06%, Δ −0.22%, 95% CI −0.38 to −0.06; P = 0.0029). The incidence rate ratio of severe hypoglycemia was 3.55 times higher for participants in the control group than for those in the INPUT group (95% CI 1.50–8.43; P = 0.0041).

CONCLUSIONS

The INPUT education program led to a significant improvement in glycemic control and incidence of severe hypoglycemia in insulin pump users.
First Look at Control-IQ: A New-Generation Automated Insulin Delivery System
Authors: Brown Sue , Raghinaru Dan , Emory Emma , Kovatchev Boris
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

To pilot test a new closed-loop control technology to validate it for a further large clinical trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ Technology (Tandem Diabetes Care) includes a Dexcom G6 sensor and a closed-loop algorithm implemented in the pump that 1) automates insulin correction boluses, 2) has a dedicated hypoglycemia safety system, and 3) gradually intensifies control overnight, aiming for blood glucose levels of approximately 100–120 mg/dL every morning.

RESULTS

Five patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age 52.8 years, 2/3 male/female, mean A1C 6.5%) used Control-IQ in an outpatient setting (hotel) for approximately 37 h. During the closed loop, mean glucose was 129 mg/dL (135/121 mg/dL during the day/night), time within target range 70–180 mg/dL was 87% (82%/94% during the day/night), and time <60 mg/dL was 1.1% (2.0%/0.0% during the day/night).

CONCLUSIONS

Following this pilot trial, Control-IQ was deployed in several studies, including the large-scale National Institutes of Health International Diabetes Closed-Loop (iDCL) Trial.
Risk Factors for the Presence and Progression of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: ADDITION-Denmark
Authors: Andersen Signe T. , Witte Daniel R. , Fleischer Jesper , Andersen Henning , Lauritzen Torsten , Jørgensen Marit E. , Jensen Troels S. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Charles Morten
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

To examine the course of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and related cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

CAN and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed in the Danish arm of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People With Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION-Denmark) at 6-year (n = 777) and 13-year (n = 443) follow-up examinations. Cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs)—that is, lying to standing, deep breathing, and the Valsalva maneuver—and 2-min resting heart rate variability (HRV) indices were obtained as the main measures of CAN. Risk factors related to CAN status, as determined by CARTs, were studied by using multivariate logistic regressions. The effects of risk factors on continuous CARTs and HRV indices, and their changes over time, were estimated in linear mixed models.

RESULTS

A progressive yet heterogeneous course of CAN occurred between the 6- and 13-year follow-ups. Higher HbA1c, weight, BMI, and triglycerides were associated with prevalent CAN. No significant effect of risk factors on CARTs was found when they were analyzed as continuous variables. CART indices decreased over time, and a trend of decreasing HRV indices was seen. Higher HbA1c and BMI were associated with lower HRV index values, but these differences diminished over time.

CONCLUSIONS

These data confirm that hyperglycemia, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia are negatively related to indices of CAN, although these effects diminish over time. The observed heterogeneous course of CAN may challenge the present clinical approach of categorically classifying CARTs to diagnose CAN and the notion of CAN being irreversible.
Improving color uniformity and color rending index of remote-phosphor packaging white LEDs by co-doping SiO2 and Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ particles
Authors: Minh Tran Hoang Quang , Nhan Nguyen Huu Khanh , Anh Nguyen Doan Quoc , Nam Tran Thanh , Lee Hsiao-Yi
Published: October 2018

Based on some advantageous properties, such as fast response time, environment friendliness, small size, long lifetime, and high efficiency, white LEDs are increasingly used in common illumination applications. In this research, by co-doping of redemitting Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphor and adding SiO2 particles to yellow-emitting YAG:Ce phosphor compounds, a new approach for improving color uniformity and color rending index of remote-phosphor structure white LEDs is proposed and demonstrated. The obtained results clearly indicate that the color rendering index (CRI) and color uniformity (ΔCCT) significantly depend on Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ concentration. The results provide a potential practical solution for manufacturing remote-phosphor white LEDs (RP-WLEDs) in the near future.
El misterioso caso de las armas compradas a la empresa Mitsui en la Revolución Mexicana
Authors: Kerber Palma Víctor
Published: October 2018

El aprovisionamiento de armas se volvió vital para las fuerzas en conflicto durante la Revolución Mexicana. En vista de los embargos ordenados por el gobierno estadounidense, tanto los rebeldes como los federales buscaron a Japón como probable proveedor. Gustavo Madero hizo los contactos iniciales con la compañía Mitsui Bussan para la compra de armamentos; tras el derrocamiento del presidente Francisco I. Madero, el general Huerta pretendió apropiarse de las armas. En el artículo se describen las entretelas de la lucha entre Huerta y los constitucionalistas por acceder a las armas de la Mitsui. Se narran las acciones diplomáticas, las diligencias empresariales y la contribución de los servicios de inteligencia.
Impurities Limit the Capacitance of Carbon Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Duignan Timothy , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: October 2018

Supercapacitors cannot fulfill their potential as energy storage devices without substantially improving their comparatively low energy density. This requires improving their capacitance. Unfortunately, predicting the capacitance of the carbon-based materials that typically make up supercapacitor electrodes is difficult. For example, remarkably we lack a theoretical understanding of the capacitance of even the most basic example of a carbon electrode: highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. (HOPG) This material has a capacitance that is an order of magnitude lower than both standard metals and theoretical expectations. Here, we use new quantum mechanical calculations in combination with a critical analysis of the literature to demonstrate that the standard explanations of this unusually low capacitance are inadequate. We then demonstrate that a layer of hydrocarbon impurities which has recently been shown to form on graphite is the most plausible explanation. We develop a model of this effect which accounts for the penetration of solvent into the hydrocarbon layer as the voltage increases. This model explains the characteristic V shape of the capacitance as a function of voltage. Finally, we present evidence that this layer also forms and limits the capacitance in real supercapacitor materials such as activated carbon. Methods of modifying or removing this layer could therefore potentially lead to significant improvements in the capacitance of typical supercapacitors.
A Boronic Acid-Based Fluorescence Hydrogel for Monosaccharide Detection
Authors: Xu Suying , Sedgwick Adam , Elfecky Souad , Chen Wenbo , Jones Ashley , Williams George , Jenkins Toby , Bull Steven , Fossey John , James Tony
Published: October 2018

A boronic acid-based anthracene fluorescent probe was functionalised with an acrylamide unit to incorporate into a hydrogel system for monosaccharide detection. In solution, the fluorescent probe displayed a strong fluorescence turn-on response upon exposure to fructose, and an expected trend in apparent binding constants, as judged by a fluorescence response where D-fructose > D-galactose > D-mannose > D-glucose. The hydrogel incorporating the boronic acid monomer demonstrated the ability to detect monosaccharides by fluorescence with the same overall trend as the monomer in solution with the addition of fructose resulting in a 10-fold enhancement (≤ 0.25 M).
Synthesis and Breakdown of the Universal Precursors to Biological Metabolism Promoted by Ferrous Iron
Authors: Muchowska Kamila B. , VARMA Sreejith Jayasree , Moran Joseph
Published: October 2018

How core biological metabolism initiated and why it uses the intermediates, reactions and pathways that it does remains unclear. Life builds its molecules from CO2 and breaks them down to CO2 again through the intermediacy of just five metabolites that act as the hubs of biochemistry. Here, we describe a purely chemical reaction network promoted by Fe2+ in which aqueous pyruvate and glyoxylate, two products of abiotic CO2 reduction, build up nine of the eleven TCA cycle intermediates, including all five universal metabolic precursors. The intermediates simultaneously break down to CO2 in a life-like regime resembling biological anabolism and catabolism. Introduction of hydroxylamine and Fe0 produces four biological amino acids. The network significantly overlaps the TCA/rTCA and glyoxylate cycles and may represent a prebiotic precursor to these core metabolic pathways.
ChemRxiv: Year One and Beyond [Editorial]
Authors: Kidd Rich , Koch Wolfram , Milne James , Sens Irina , Tegen Sarah , WIlson Emma , Henderson Darla , Brennan Marshall
Published: October 2018

In this post, the ChemRxiv Governing Board and Management Team describe the achievements of the past year and detail some of our plans for the future of ChemRxiv.
Increased The Cognitive, Effective, and Psychomotor Aspects of Nurses in The Practice of Developmental Care
Authors: Mariyam Mariyam , Riwayati Riwayati
Published: October 2018

Background: The cause of high infant mortality rate is low birth weight (LBW). Optimal LBW treatment needed that the baby can pass the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine. One of the efforts done is developmental care. Implementation of developmental care requires knowledge, attitudes and skills of nurses. Objective: This study aims to identify the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of nurses in treating LBW before and one month after being given developmental care information at RS Roemani Semarang. Methodology: The design of this research are pre experiment pre and post design. The sample of the study was all nurses in high risk infant room Roemani Hospital Semarang . Sample amounted to 12 respondents. Researchers identify the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of nurses in treating LBW with questionnaires and observations before being given developmental care information. A month after being given information about developmental care researchers re-identify the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of the nurse. Result: Cognitive score of respondent before health education 11.75 and after 13.83 with total score 22, mean affective score of respondent before health education 48,83 and after 52,92 with total score 60, mean of psychomotor score of respondent before health education 2.58 and after 4 with a total score of 4. Based on the results of statistical analysis each show p value 0.00 so that it can be concluded there are differences cognitive, affective and psychomotor nurses in the application of developmental care both before and a month after being given health education. Discussion: In this study post intervention is done month after health education like input from previous researcher Zubaidah, rustina & Sabri (2013) to know the right time in repeating the same information. The results showed that after 30 days showed a cognitive, affective and psychomotor increase, this could be because after given the health education nurses apply in the care of LBW so that knowledge and skills increase.
İmâmiye Şîası'nda Merci-i Taklîd Şeçimi: Teorik ve Pratik Açıdan Değerlendirme
Authors: IŞILAK Halil
Published: October 2018

İmâmiyye
Şîası’nda İmamın gaybetiyle birlikte intizar nazariyesi çerçevesinde onun
otoritesini kimin üstleneceğiyle ilgili ilk dönemlerden itibaren farklı görüşler ortaya çıkmıştır. Dördüncü
asırdan itibaren mezhep uleması bu otoritenin müctehidler tarafından üstlenilmesi
gerektiğiyle ilgili çeşitli nazariyeler geliştirmişledir. Fakat imamın; cihad,
fey dağıtımı, Cuma imamlığı, ahkâmı uygulama, hadleri ikame etme, zekât ve
humus gibi görevlerinden hangilerini ve bu görevleri ne dereceye kadar ulemanın
üstleneceği meselesi tarihi
süreçte temel tartışma noktalarından birisi olmuştur. Gâib imamın otoritesinin
ulemaya devrinde, on dokuzuncu asrın ortalarından itibaren fiili olarak ortaya çıkmaya
başlayan merci-i taklîd nazariyesiyle birlikte yeni bir aşamaya geçilmiş ve bu
devir işlemi artık daha kurumsal bir yapıya doğru evirilmiştir. Bu noktada
imamın naibi olarak karşımıza çıkan ulemanın taşıması gereken temel vasıflar
konusunda çeşitli kriterler ortaya konulmuştur. Genel olarak ilim, adalet ve
takva bir müctehidin merci-i taklîd olabilmesi için taşıması gereken temel
vasıflar olarak belirlenmekle birlikte, fiiliyatta bu makama yükselmek için
farklı unsurlar da etkili olmuştur. 1979 İran İslam Devrimi ve ulus devletlerin
teşekkülü gibi siyasal dönüşümler, müctehidin bulunduğu ülkedeki toplumsal
yapı, selefinin tayini, zekât, humus gibi dini gelirler üzerindeki hâkimiyet
kabiliyeti, toplumsal ve siyasal dönüşümler karşısında müctehidin konumu,
bulunduğu ülkelerdeki yönetimlerin onlara karşı tutumları gibi unsurlar
fiiliyatta merce’iyyeti şekillendirmiştir. Makalemizde, teorik ve pratik
yönüyle bir müctehidin merci-i taklîd makamına yükselmesindeki temel etkenler
tahlil edilecektir.
Methodical Approach to the Study of Intersystem Interaction of Human Cardiovascular System and Brain
Authors: Yukhymenko Liliia , Makarchuk Mykola
Published: October 2018

Our study presents theoretical and methodical aspects of the complex experimental electroencephalographic examination of brain and the electrocardiorythmography of heart, which allow obtaining the results of measurements that can be used to assess the psychophysiological state of a person according to the brain-heart system. The investigation emphasizes on the importance of classifying people according to the level of functional mobility of the nervous processes. This research describes peculiarities and a sequence of realization of the experimental study of brain and heart in the resting state and during the performance of mental activity. Multiple approbation of this methodological approach with the participation of different contingents of surveyed persons suggests that such algorithm of a complex research enables to obtain a broad information basis for the evaluation of psychophysiological functions of a person and build predictions of their variability depending on changes of living conditions.
PETROL FİYATINDAKİ DEĞİŞİMLERİN SEÇİLMİŞ ASYA ÜLKELERİNİN BORSALARINA ETKİLERİ / The Impact Of Oil Price Changes On Stock Markets Of Selected Asian Countries
Authors: SYZDYKOVA Aziza , TANRIÖVEN Cihan
Published: October 2018

Petrol fiyatlarının
hisse senedi piyasalarına etkileri devam eden araştırma konusudur. Petrol fiyat
değişimlerinin reel ekonomiyi etkileyebilme potansiyeli, etkinin finansal
piyasalara da yansıyabilme olasılığını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu nedenle petrol fiyatları
ile borsa performansı arasında etkileşim mevcuttur. Bu etkileşim ilgili ülkenin
petrole bağımlılık oranına göre değişmekle birlikte petrol fiyatlarının neden
olduğu ekonomik parametrelerdeki değişimlerin sermaye piyasalarına yansımasıyla
ortaya çıkmaktadır. Petrol fiyatı ile hisse senedi piyasası arasındaki
ilişki,  ülkelerin endüstri yapılarına,
ithalatçı veya ihracatçı olarak petrol bağımlılığı düzeyine göre farklılık
göstermektedir. Literatürde
çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu petrol fiyatlarının borsaya etkilerinin daha çok
gelişmiş ülke için yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, petrol fiyat
değişimlerinin gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan 4 Asya ülkesinin (Japonya, Güney
Kore, Malezya ve Singapur) borsalarına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ocak 1990 -
Şubat 2017 dönemine ait aylık verilerin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada zaman serisi
analizinden VAR modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda etkinin araştırılması için
genelleştirilmiş etki tepki fonksiyonu ve varyans ayrıştırma analizleri
uygulanmıştır.  Çalışma bulgularına göre
petrol fiyat değişimlerinin piyasaları farklı şekilde etkilediği görülmektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DE İKİZ AÇIK HİPOTEZİ: TODA-YAMAMOTO NEDENSELLİK YAKLAŞIMI / The Twin Deficit Hypothesis In Turkey: Toda-Yamamoto Causality Approach
Authors: AYDIN Bayram , AFSAL Mahmut Şaban
Published: October 2018

Cari
işlemler dengesi ile bütçe dengesi arasındaki ilişki uzun yıllardır süregelen
bir tartışma konusudur. Geleneksel Keynesyen yaklaşım iki açığın birbiriyle
ilişkili bulunduğunu ileri sürerken Ricardocu Denklik Teoremi bu ilişkiyi
reddetmektedir. Türkiye ekonomisinde uzun yıllardır kronikleşmiş bütçe açığı ve
cari açık gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye ekonomisi için
ikiz açık hipotezinin varlığının sınanması ve cari açık ile bütçe açığı arasındaki
nedensellik ilişkisinin yönünün tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmada 1975-2015 dönemi
yıllık bazda veriler istihdam edilmiş olup analiz için Toda ve Yamamoto (1995)
nedensellik testi tercih konusu olmuştur. Uygulama bulguları, Türkiye’de bütçe
açığı ve cari açık arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğunu
göstermektedir.
ESSAY ON UNIFIED EXPOSITION OF FOUR MAJOR THEOREMS IN TOPOLOGY
Authors: GARNADI A. D.
Published: October 2018

This essay is an expository notes on four major theo- rems in Topology. The only prerequisites to comprehend this notes are basic knowledge in real analysis, elementary point set topology, and mathematical maturity.
AN OPTIMAL CONTROL FORMULATION OF PORTFOLIO SELECTION PROBLEM WITH BULLET TRANSACTION COST
Authors: SYAHRIL E.
Published: October 2018

This paper formulates a consumption and investment decision problem for an individual who has available a riskless asset paying ﬁxed interest rate and a risky asset driven by Brownian mo- tion price ﬂuctuations. The individual is supposed to observe his or her current wealth only, when making transactions, that trans- actions incur costs, and that decisions to transact can be made at any time based on all current information. The transactions costs is ﬁxed for every transaction, regardless of amount trans- acted. In addition, the investor is charged a ﬁxed fraction of total wealth as management fee. The investor’s objective is to max- imize the expected utility of consumption over a given horizon. The problem faced by the investor is formulated into a stochastic discrete-continuous-time control problem.
ALGORITMA ROCC
Authors: BUKHARI F. , SULASNO S.
Published: October 2018

Algoritma concurrency control merupakan algoritma pengendalian akses konkurensi pada sistem sehingga objek yang diakses bersifat konsisten. Penelitian tentang concurrency control sudah dilakukan sejak 30 tahun lalu dan sudah banyak algoritma yang dihasilkan. Algoritma yang dihasilkan  umumnya menggunakan asumsi bahwa Transaction Manager adalah satu-satunya modul yang digunakan pengguna untuk mengakses objek. Sekarang ini akses terhadap objek dilakukan orang tidak hanya melalui Transaction Manager, tetapi juga melalui aplikasi internet. Pola tingkah laku transaksi melalui aplikasi internet berbeda dengan aplikasi tradisional. Algoritma concurrency control yang ada seperti two phase locking kurang tepat dan berkinerja buruk pada aplikasi internet. Untuk itu dibutuhkan suatu algoritma concurrency control baru yang sesuai dengan aplikasi internet. Shi dan Perizzo memperkenal algoritma ROCC (Read-commit Order Concurrency Control).  Banyak peneliti menilai algoritma ini sangat sesuai dengan aplikasi internet, tetapi algoritma ini melakukan restart yang tidak perlu. Penulis mencoba memperbaiki algoritma proses validasi sehingga restart dilakukan hanya pada akses atau transaksi yang tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini juga melakukan simulasi dalam upaya melihat perbedaan kinerja antara algoritma ROCC dan algoritma ROCC yang sudah diperbaiki.
ON THE USE OF DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM FOR SOLVING BIPERIODIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF BIHARMONIC EQUATION IN THE UNIT RECTANGLE
Authors: GARNADI A. D.
Published: October 2018

This note is addressed to solving biperiodic boundary value problem of biharmonic equation in the unit rectangle. First, we describe the necessary tools, which is discrete Fourier trans- form for one dimensional periodic sequence, and then extended the results to 2-dimensional biperiodic sequence. Next, we use the discrete Fourier transform 2-dimensional biperiodic sequence to solve discretization of the biperiodic boundary value problem of Biharmonic Equation.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRUE PARAMETER OF A HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL
Authors: SETIAWATY B.
Published: October 2018

Representation which generates the observed process of a hidden Markov model is not unique. The simplest one, that is, the one with minimum size is called a true parameter. This article is aimed to present characteristics of this parameter.
ESTIMATING THE PROBABILITY OF MISCLASSIFICATIONS IN TWO-GROUPS DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
Authors: MANGKU I W.
Published: October 2018

This paper is a survey study on estimation of the pro- bability of misclassiﬁcations in two-groups discriminant analysis using the linear discriminant function as the classiﬁcation rule. Here we consider two groups of estimators, namely parametric esti- mators and empirical estimators. The results of some comparative studies on the performances of the considered estimators are also discussed.
Bifurkasi Hopf Model Mangsa-Pemangsa Bazykin
Authors: KUSNANTO A.
Published: October 2018

Dalam tulisan ini dikaji model mangsa-pemangsa Bazykin [1] yang merupakan pengembangan model May [4] dengan menambahkan aspek kejenuhan interaksi pada mangsa dan pemangsanya. Setelah melakukan penskalaan baru dan pelinearan di sekitar titik tetap, akan diperoleh kelas-kelas parameter yang akan memunculkan suatu orbit periodik dengan menerapkan prinsip bifurkasi Hopf. Visualisasi keberadaan orbit periodik akan dilakukan dengan bantuan software LOCBIF.
APPLICATION OF BOOTSTRAP METHOD ON ESTIMATION OF THE ERROR RATES IN DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
Authors: MANGKU I W.
Published: October 2018

This paper is a survey study on applications of boot- strap methods for estimating the probability of misclassiﬁcations in two-groups discriminant analysis. Here we use the linear discrimi- nant function as classiﬁcation rule. Some comparative studies on the performances of the considered estimators are also discussed.
MASALAH SYARAT BATAS BEBAS PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL PARSIAL PARABOLIK SATU-DIMENSI
Authors: GARNADI A. D.
Published: October 2018

Sering ditemui dalam proses difusi diperlukan penentuan satu permukaan bebas dari data di batas yang berlebih. Satu teknik penyelesaian konstruktif yang umum digunakan ialah metode garis. Tulisan ini memberikan langkah yang diambil untuk mendekati berbagai masalah syarat batas bebas yang eksplisit maupun im- plisit untuk persamaan difusi satu-dimensi dengan mempergunakan satu barisan masalah syarat batas dari satu persamaan diferensial biasa. Diperlihatkan bahwa persamaan ini memiliki solusi yang da- pat diperoleh dengan mempergunakan teknik invariant imbedding. Juga diperlihatkan untuk satu model bahwa solusi hampiran akan konvergen ke solusi klasik yang (hampir) tunggal saat parameter diskretisasi menuju nol.
A SURVEY ON THE IDENTIFIABILITY OF FINITE MIXTURES
Authors: SETIAWATY B.
Published: October 2018

This paper is a survey on the identiﬁability of ﬁnite mixtures. We collect all the results regarding suﬃcient conditions for ﬁnite mixtures to be identiﬁable and what kind of distributions family which is identiﬁable.
PEMETAAN DIRICHLET KE NEUMANN UNTUK RANGKAIAN RESISTOR BERBENTUK SEGI
Authors: GARNADI A. D.
Published: October 2018

Dalam tulisan ini dibahas representasi peta Dirichlet ke Neumann dari sebuah rangkaian resistor berbentuk segi. Per- masalahan ini berasal dari analogi diskret dari Tomograﬁ Elek- trik. Secara tidak langsung, analogi diskret terkait dengan bentuk hampiran elemen hingga campuran dari permasalahan Tomograﬁ Elektrik.
GELANGGANG HEREDITER
Authors: WULANDARI T.
Published: October 2018

Tulisan ini membahas mengenai deﬁnisi dan contoh dari gelanggang herediter. Penulisan ini merupakan sebuah observasi.
OPTIMAL TRACKING AND REGULATION ACCURACY OF FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: BAKHTIAR T.
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with intrinsic performance limits achievable by feedback control. We give analytical expressions of the optimal tracking and regulation problems for linear shift- invariant single-input and multiple-output (SIMO) discrete-time systems. For the former, we modify the existing results by means of the delta operator and show that the continuous-time counter- part results can be properly recovered from this point. For the latter, we derive a discrete-time result ﬁrst and show the conver- gence property.
CELLULAR AUTOMATA SIMULATION OF TRAFFIC LIGHT STRATEGIES IN OPTIMIZING THE TRAFFIC FLOW
Authors: NUGRAHANI E. H. , RAMDHANI R.
Published: October 2018

The behavior of traffic system controlled by traffic lights is presented under assumptions of city traffic on a single lane based on the optimal velocity model.  The effect of differrent traffic light control strategies on the traffic flow is discussed using three different strategies, i.e. the synchronized, green wave, and random offset strategies. The flow-density diagrams are analyzed using these strategies.   The numerical investigation is carried out using cellular automata model to get a better understanding of the microscopic behavior of the system under the three different traffic light strategies.
BIPLOT DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DENGAN PEMROGRAMAN FUNGSIONAL MATHEMATICA
Authors: ARDANA N. K. K. , SISWADI S.
Published: October 2018

Teknik pemrograman fungsional mathematica digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan metode (Gabriel) biplot. Hasil utarna yang diperoleh berupa suatu perintah/fungsi biplot[data, 0, opsi]. Argumen pertama: data berupa data mentah dalam bentuk matriks dan peubah ganda yang terdiri dari n obyek dan p peubah. Argumen a berupa koefisien a € [0,1] pada penguraian nilai singular rnatriks data X = VA V' = (U Aa)( A I-a V')=GH". Nilai a = 0 menghasilkan biplot korelasi, a = 1 menghasilkan biplot jarak Euclid, 0.= 0.5 menghasilkan biplot antara. Kombinasi a, = 1 untuk G dan 0.2 = 0 untuk H menghasilkan biplot kombinasi. Argumen opsi berupa tambahan untuk label titik-titik obyek dan vektor peubah. Perintah biplot akan menghasilkan sekaligus plot obyek yang dinyatakan dengan tebaran titik koordinatnya, dan plot vektor peubah yang dinyatakan dengan garis. Illustrasi kasus nyata berupa biplot pernanfaatan dan pengembangan Teknologi Informasi (TI) pada beberapa negara diberikan untuk melihat tampilan biplot yang dihasilkan beserta interpretasinya.
WEAK AND STRONG CONVERGENCE OF A KERNEL-TYPE ESTIMATOR FOR THE INTENSITY OF A PERIODIC POISSON PROCESSS
Authors: MANGKU I W.
Published: October 2018

In this paper we survey some results on weak and strong convergence of kernel type estimators for the intensity of a periodic Poisson process. We consider the situation when the period is known in order to be able to present simple proofs of the results. For the more general results, which includes the case when the period is unknown, we refer to [15], [16].1991 Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation: 60G55, 62G05, 62G20.
REGULATION LIMITS UNDER CONTROL EFFORT OF SIMO LTI SYSTEMS AND ITS EXTENSION TO DELAY-TIME SYSTEMS
Authors: BAKHTIAR T.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we investigate regulation properties pertaining to SIMO LTI systems, in which objective function of regulated response is minimized jointly with the control eﬀort. We provide the closed-form solution of the H2 optimal regulation performance for unstable/non-minimum phase continuous-time and discrete-time systems. A direct implication of our main result in- cludes the energy regulation performance of minimum phase time delay systems.
MASALAH VARIASIONAL UNTUK PERSAMAAN BEDA DALAM GRAF TERBOBOTI
Authors: GARNADI A. D. , KHATIZAH E.
Published: October 2018

Dalam tulisan ini, disajikan perumusan variasional masalah syarat batas dalam kerangka sistem diskrit. Melalui pe- rumusan tersebut, diperoleh Prinsip Maksimum. Selain itu, diper- oleh solusi masalah syarat batas yang dinyatakan oleh fungsi Green atas struktur diskrit.