bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON RAT SERUM LIPASE II. THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL STATES
Authors: Tuba Jules , Hoare Robert
Published: November 2017

Further studies are presented on the enzyme in rat serum which hydrolyzes tripropionin, tributyrin, and ethyl butyrate. There is an increase from low levels at birth to normal adult serum lipase activity by about the fourth week of life. The concentration of the enzyme remains quite constant from day to day providing the animals are not bled too frequently, i.e. not more often than once a day. Starvation for a week does not alter serum lipase activity. Additional studies confirm the earlier finding that the lipolytic activity of rat serum ia elevated by alloxan diabetes, and it is shown that insulin, administered over a 24 hr. period, produces a partial return toward normal activity of the enzyme. Decreased serum lipase levels resulted from castration of male and female rats, injection of diethylstilboestrol into normal and gonadectomized animals of both sexes, and late pregnancy. These decreases were all significant, although some of them were transient. It appears that some profound hormonal disturbances may be responsible for these changes.
Vulnerability assessment and its validation: the Gömör-Torna Karst, Hungary and Slovakia
Authors: Iván Veronika , Mádl-Szőnyi Judit
Published: November 2017

Reliability is the greatest concern in recent karst vulnerability assessments. Checking the validity of results and understanding the operation of karst systems are therefore the most promising areas for improvement. We report an application of the Slovene Approach to a test site in the Gömör-Torna Karst of Hungary and Slovakia. The resource vulnerability map provided an appropriate result and showed that the overlying sediments and thicker soil may effectively decrease the vulnerability of this unconfined area. The source vulnerability of the Kis-Tohonya Spring was evaluated for the purposes of protection zoning. The results of long-term hydrograph and recession curve analyses were helpful in understanding the functioning of the Kis-Tohonya Spring and the karst system. The importance of the different regimes contributing to the slow and fast flow of the spring under different hydrological conditions was shown. Ongoing research aims to feed these results back into the source vulnerability assessment of the spring.
Alteration in upper airway dilator muscle coactivation during sleep: comparison of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy subjects
Authors: Oliven Ron , Cohen Guy , Dotan Yaniv , Somri Mostafa , Schwartz Alan R. , Oliven Arie
Published: November 2017

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), substantial increases in genioglossus (GG) activity during hypopneas/apneas usually fail to restore normal airflow. We have previously suggested that sleep-induced alteration in tongue muscle coordination may explain this finding, as retractor muscle coactivation was reduced during sleep compared with wakefulness. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether these alterations in dilator muscle activation during sleep play a role in the pathogenesis of OSA and whether coactivation of additional peripharyngeal muscles (non-GG muscles: styloglossus, geniohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid) is also impaired during sleep. We compared GG and non-GG muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity in 8 patients with OSA and 12 healthy subjects during wakefulness while breathing through inspiratory resistors with the activity observed during sleep toward the end of flow limitation, before arousal, at equivalent esophageal pressures. During wakefulness, resistive breathing triggered increases in both GG and non-GG muscle activity. During sleep, flow limitation was associated with increases in GG-EMG that reached, on average, >2-fold the level observed while awake. In contrast, EMGs of the non-GG muscles, recorded simultaneously, reached, on average, only ~2/3 the wakefulness level. We conclude that during sleep GG activity may increase to levels that substantially exceed those sufficient to prevent pharyngeal collapse during wakefulness, whereas other peripharyngeal muscles do not coactivate during sleep in both patients with OSA and healthy subjects. We speculate that upper airway muscle dyssynchrony during sleep may explain why GG-EMG activation fails to alleviate flow limitation and stabilize airway patency during sleep.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pharyngeal obstruction during sleep may trigger genioglossus activity to levels substantially exceeding those observed during wakefulness, without ameliorating flow limitation. In contrast, other peripharyngeal muscles exhibit a much lower activity during sleep in both patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy subjects. Coordinated muscular synergy stabilizes the pharynx despite relatively low activity while awake, yet even higher genioglossal activity allows the pharynx to obstruct when simultaneous activity of other dilator muscles is inadequate during sleep.
Tinnitus Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Benign Brain Tumors: A Nationwide, Population-Based Secondary Cohort Study of Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Chen Jin-Cherng , Koo Malcolm , Hwang Juen-Haur
Published: November 2017

Background: It remains unclear whether tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign or malignant brain tumors in humans. Therefore, the aim of this secondary study was to investigate the risk of brain tumors in adult with tinnitus using data from a nationwide health claims research database. Methods: Patients aged 20–50 years who were newly diagnosed with tinnitus were identified from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and they served as the study cohort. A comparison cohort was formed by using patients without tinnitus from the same database with frequency matching (4: 1) by 10-year age interval and gender to the patients in the tinnitus cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for benign and malignant brain tumors in patients with tinnitus, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. Results: There were 15,819 patients in the tinnitus cohort and 63,276 in the comparison cohort. A significantly higher proportion of patients with tinnitus had benign brain tumor (p = 0.003) and all 11 comorbid conditions (p < 0.001) compared to those without tinnitus. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis performed on the basis of age, gender, and the 11 comorbidities revealed that tinnitus was independently associated with a higher risk for benign brain tumor (AHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24–2.20, p = 0.001) and but not with malignant brain tumors (AHR 1.66, 95% CI 0.93–2.94, p = 0.085). Conclusions: Findings from this secondary cohort analysis indicated that tinnitus is associated with a higher risk of benign brain tumors.
Expectations and Realities in the Study of Enslavement in Muslim-Majority Societies
Authors: Toldedano Ehud R.
Published: November 2017

The global understanding of enslavement owes a great deal to the efforts of scholars who research its history in non-Atlantic societies, including Muslim-majority ones. In recent years, the study of enslavement in the Middle East and North Africa has achieved a volume, a dynamic, and a maturity that make it one of the leading, cutting-edge subfields in studies encompassing that part of the globe. Reilly’s Slavery, Agriculture, and Malaria in the Arabian Peninsula is a worthy contribution to this growing literature, covering a significant lacuna in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Arabia with extensive and often innovative research.
TRACES: Mobile Eye Tracking Captures User Sensory Experience in an Outdoor Walking Tour Environment
Authors: Guntarik Olivia , Garcia Jair E. , Howard Scarlett R. , Dyer Adrian G.
Published: November 2017

This article explores the use of mobile eye tracking to provide insights on the dynamics of haptic (touch/sense) and visual experience. We created a digital cultural walking trail (TRACES), designing an app to explore user experiences of their environment, and as a way to reveal the multilayered interactions between places and technology. Using mobile eye tracker technology to trace a person’s place-based engagements, we show how the design of tablet-friendly apps can enrich experience by guiding viewers through an immersive and interactive environment with valuable information. We also highlight how this activity may negatively impact on experience by demanding attention away from real world engagement.
Time-Space Alterations: A New Media Abstraction of Traditional Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Aesthetics
Authors: Hung Keung , Ippolito Jean M.
Published: November 2017

The artist and scholar Keung Hung argues that traditional Chinese manners of approaching art can be abstracted through digital media, forging new interdisciplinary correlations. He posits that digital media can be used to shift the notions of time and space from traditional Chinese aesthetics into the contemporary art context.
The Duty of Care for Citizens Abroad: Security and Responsibility in the In Amenas and Fukushima Crises
Authors: Græger Nina , Yennie Lindgren Wrenn
Published: November 2017

This article analyses the state’s duty of care (DoC) for citizens who fall victim to unforeseen catastrophic or violent events abroad. The DoC highlights the challenges, dynamics and relations involved in diplomatic practice that is aimed at protecting citizens outside of state borders and where traditional security concepts have little relevance. How has a globalized, more insecure world — with shifting relations and responsibilities among states, their subordinates and other carers — affected the provision of DoC? How do governments and private actors act on the DoC during and after crises? To illustrate, the article draws on the terrorist attack at a gas facility in Algeria in 2013 and the nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011, focusing particularly on the Norwegian framework and approach to protecting citizens abroad. In both crises, implementing the DoC required practical skills and measures beyond traditional diplomacy and institutionalized crisis mechanisms.
Erratum: Wan, S.P., Xu, W.J., Tan, N.W., Wang, Y., Zheng, Y. & Yu, F.Q. (2017) Three Excavatum species Tuber badium, T. depressum and T. verrucosivolvum from Sichuan Province 296 (3): 228–238.
Authors: WAN SHANPING , XU WENJUN , TANG NIANWU , WANG YUN , ZHENG YI , YU FUQIANG
Published: November 2017

N/A
Description of Stegelletina lingulata sp. n. (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric environments in Iran
Authors: ABOLAFIA JOAQUÍN , SHOKOOHI EBRAHIM
Published: November 2017

A new species belonging to the genus Stegelletina, S. lingulata sp. n., is described from xeric natural areas from Iran. It is characterized by having small body (0.51–0.69 mm in females and 0.45–0.64 mm in males), cuticle slightly tessellated especially at anterior end, lateral field with three longitudinal incisures, lips with long acute process at primary axils and three more dentate processes at secondary axils, primary axils with one triangular axillar guard process and secondary axils lacking axillar processes, labial probolae long (9–11 µm) with slender peduncle lacking adaxial expansion and with convergent smooth prongs, stoma, pharynx and reproductive systems cephaloboid, excretory pore at isthmus level, spermatheca 1.1–1.4 times, and post-vulval sac 0.9–1.2 times the corresponding body diameters in length, female rectum 0.6–0.8 times anal body diameter long, female tail conoid (35–47 µm long, c = 14.0–15.6, c' = 2.1–2.7) with fine rounded terminus, male tail conoid, curved ventrad (53–59 µm long, c = 11.0–12.0, c' = 1.9–2.5) with rounded terminus, spicules 31–33 µm long with ventrally straight manubrium and gubernaculum 14–17 µm long. Measurements and illustrations (line drawings, LM and SEM) are provided for this species. In addition, comments on the morphology of the lip region of the species of the genus Stegelletina are included.
Cirrus Cloud Properties as Seen by the CALIPSO Satellite and ECHAM-HAM Global Climate Model
Authors: Gasparini B. , Meyer A. , Neubauer D. , Münch S. , Lohmann U.
Published: November 2017

Cirrus clouds impact the planetary energy balance and upper-tropospheric water vapor transport and are therefore relevant for climate. In this study cirrus clouds at temperatures colder than −40°C simulated by the ECHAM–Hamburg Aerosol Module (ECHAM-HAM) general circulation model are compared to Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO) satellite data. The model captures the general cloud cover pattern and reproduces the observed median ice water content within a factor of 2, while extinction is overestimated by about a factor of 3 as revealed by temperature-dependent frequency histograms. Two distinct types of cirrus clouds are found: in situ–formed cirrus dominating at temperatures colder than −55°C and liquid-origin cirrus dominating at temperatures warmer than −55°C. The latter cirrus form in anvils of deep convective clouds or by glaciation of mixed-phase clouds, leading to high ice crystal number concentrations. They are associated with extinction coefficients and ice water content of up to 1 km−1 and 0.1 g m−3, respectively, while the in situ–formed cirrus are associated with smaller extinction coefficients and ice water content. In situ–formed cirrus are nucleated either heterogeneously or homogeneously. The simulated homogeneous ice crystals are similar to liquid-origin cirrus, which are associated with high ice crystal number concentrations. On the contrary, heterogeneously nucleated ice crystals appear in smaller number concentrations. However, ice crystal aggregation and depositional growth smooth the differences between several formation mechanisms, making the attribution to a specific ice nucleation mechanism challenging.
A New Daily Observational Record from Grytviken, South Georgia: Exploring Twentieth-Century Extremes in the South Atlantic
Authors: Thomas Zoë , Turney Chris , Allan Rob , Colwell Steve , Kelly Gail , Lister David , Jones Philip , Beswick Mark , Alexander Lisa , Lippmann Tanya , Herold Nicholas , Jones Richard
Published: November 2017

The sparse nature of observational records across the mid- to high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere limits the ability to place late-twentieth-century environmental changes in the context of long-term (multidecadal and centennial) variability. Historical records from subantarctic islands offer considerable potential for developing highly resolved records of change. In 1905, a whaling and meteorological station was established at Grytviken on subantarctic South Georgia in the South Atlantic (54°S, 36°W), providing near-continuous daily observations through to present day. This paper reports a new, daily observational record of temperature and precipitation from Grytviken, which is compared to regional datasets and historical reanalysis. The authors find a shift toward increasingly warmer daytime extremes commencing from the mid-twentieth century and accompanied by warmer nighttime temperatures, with an average rate of temperature rise of 0.13°C decade−1 over the period 1907–2016 ( p < 0.0001). Analysis of these data and reanalysis products suggest a change of pervasive synoptic conditions across the mid- to high latitudes since the mid-twentieth century, characterized by stronger westerly airflow and associated warm föhn winds across South Georgia. This rapid rate of warming and associated declining habitat suitability has important negative implications for biodiversity, including the survival of key marine biota in the region.
Nocturnal Elevated Convection Initiation of the PECAN 4 July Hailstorm
Authors: Wilson J. W. , Trier S. B. , Reif D. W. , Roberts R. D. , Weckwerth T. M.
Published: November 2017

During the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) experiment, an isolated hailstorm developed on the western side of the PECAN study area on the night of 3–4 July 2015. One of the objectives of PECAN was to advance knowledge of the processes and conditions leading to pristine nocturnal convection initiation (CI). This nocturnal hailstorm developed more than 160 km from any other convective storms and in the absence of any surface fronts or bores. The storm initiated within 110 km of the S-Pol radar; directly over a vertically pointing Doppler lidar; within 25 km of the University of Wyoming King Air flight track; within a network of nine sounding sites taking 2-hourly soundings; and near a mobile mesonet track. Importantly, even beyond 100 km in range, S-Pol observed the preconvection initiation cloud that was collocated with the satellite infrared cloud image and provided information on the evolution of cloud growth. The multiple observations of cloud base, thermodynamic stability, and direct updraft observations were used to determine that the updraft roots were elevated. Diagnostic analysis presented in the paper suggests that CI was aided by lower-tropospheric gravity waves occurring in an environment of weak but persistent mesoscale lifting.
State Higher Education Spending: A Spatial Econometric Perspective
Authors: Fowles Jacob T. , Tandberg David A.
Published: November 2017

This article uses spatial econometric modeling to estimate the extent to which state higher education spending in three categories (need-based aid spending, non-need-based aid spending, and appropriations to public universities) is affected by the spending decisions of neighboring states. Drawing on the relevant empirical and theoretical literature in public finance and economics, it evaluates three theoretically justified alternatives for defining the connectivity between states: physical proximity, relative population migration flows between states, and common state membership in regional interstate higher education compacts. Our empirical results find statistically significant geographical spatial interdependence in spending for need-based aid and higher education appropriations, but no equivalent effects for non-need-based aid. We discuss our results in the context of the continually evolving role of higher education in state budgets.
Against Everything Involving China? Two Types of Sinophobia in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Kuan-Chen , Tzeng Wei-feng , Ho Karl , Clarke Harold
Published: November 2017

This paper develops a two-dimensional concept of Sinophobia (恐中) to study Taiwanese attitudes toward mainland China as well as their sources and political consequences. Taiwanese skepticism toward China has grown in recent years, concomitant with increasing cross-Strait interactions and exchanges. This has been widely characterized as a “Sinophobia syndrome.” To investigate this phenomenon, we divide Sinophobia into two types—“group-difference-driven” and “risk-driven”—and investigate whether the two types exert different effects on individual preferences regarding policies involving China. Multivariate analyses show that a model that distinguishes between the two types of Sinophobia fits the data very well and that the risk-driven attitude influences decisions on issues related to China more strongly than does the group-difference-driven attitude. This finding suggests that although perceptions of group difference may prompt fears of China, it is not a powerful determinant of policy preferences. Additional analyses reveal that the risk-driven attitude also influences other policy-relevant attitudes and behavior, including voting in the 2012 presidential election.
Regional dialect perception across the lifespan: Identification and discrimination
Authors: McCullough Elizabeth A. , Clopper Cynthia G. , Wagner Laura
Published: November 2017

Although adult listeners can often identify a talker’s region of origin based on his or her speech, young children typically fail in dialect perception tasks, and little is known about the development of regional dialect representations from childhood into adulthood. This study explored listeners’ understanding of the indexical importance of American English regional dialects across the lifespan. Listeners between 4 and 79 years old in the Midwestern United States heard talkers from the Midland, Northern, Southern, and New England regions in two regional dialect perception tasks: identification and discrimination. The results showed that listeners as young as 4–5 years old understand the identity-marking significance of some regional dialects, although adult-like performance was not achieved until adolescence. Further, the findings suggest that regional dialect perception is simultaneously impacted by the specific dialects involved and the cognitive difficulty of the task.
Alarmins in Frozen Shoulder: A Molecular Association Between Inflammation and Pain
Authors: Cher Jonathon Z.B. , Akbar Moeed , Kitson Susan , Crowe Lindsay A.N. , Garcia-Melchor Emma , Hannah Stephen C. , McLean Michael , Fazzi Umberto G. , Kerr Shauna C. , Murrell George A.C. , Millar Neal L.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The pathophysiological mechanisms behind proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of dense collagen matrix in idiopathic frozen shoulder remain unclear. Alarmins (also known as danger signals) are endogenous molecules that are released into the extracellular milieu after infection or tissue injury and that signal cell and tissue damage.

Purpose:

To investigate whether the presence of alarmins is higher in patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder than in control subjects.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Shoulder capsule samples were collected from 10 patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder and 10 patients with unstable shoulders (control). The samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against alarmin molecules including high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), interleukin 33, S100A8, S100A9, and the peripheral nerve marker PGP9.5. Immunoreactivities were rated in a blinded fashion from “none” to “strong.” Immunohistochemical distribution within the capsule was noted. Before surgery, patient-ranked pain frequency, severity, stiffness, and the range of passive shoulder motion were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results:

Compared with control patients, patients with frozen shoulder had greater frequency and severity of self-reported pain ( P = .02) and more restricted range of motion in all planes ( P < .05). H&E-stained capsular tissue from frozen shoulder showed fibroblastic hypercellularity and increased subsynovial vascularity. Immunoreactivity of alarmins was significantly stronger in frozen shoulder capsules compared with control capsules ( P < .05). Furthermore, the expression of the alarmin molecule HMGB1 significantly correlated ( r > 0.9, P < .05) with the severity of patient-reported pain.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates a potential role for key molecular danger signals in frozen shoulder and suggests an association between the expression of danger molecules and the pain experienced by patients.
Which wars spread? Commitment problems and military intervention
Authors: Shirkey Zachary C.
Published: November 2017

This article argues that wars caused by commitment problems are more likely to experience outside military intervention than are wars with other causes. Wars caused by commitment problems are more likely to draw in outside states because they tend to be more severe and produce larger war aims. These larger stakes create both threats and opportunities for non-belligerent states thereby prompting military intervention. The greater stakes also generate incentives for belligerent states to seek outside aid. This relationship between commitment problems and intervention implies that while certain types of wars may be more likely to experience intervention, the same causes can explain both intervention and war initiation. The argument is tested on the Correlates of War Interstate War dataset using logit-based generalized linear models. The findings support the commitment problem hypothesis and have implications for the bargaining framework and for theories about the causes of multilateral and general wars.
Improving Emotional and Cognitive Outcomes for Domestic Violence Survivors: The Impact of Shelter Stay and Self-Compassion Support Groups
Authors: Allen Ashley Batts , Robertson Emily , Patin Gail A.
Published: November 2017

This study examined the effectiveness of a domestic violence shelter and tested the impact of a self-compassion support group curriculum on outcomes valued by shelters such as autonomy, emotional restoration, and safety. Data were collected from 251 women staying in a domestic violence shelter who had the opportunity to attend a self-compassion support group during their stay. Women completed a pre- and posttest survey assessing self-compassion, empowerment, positive emotion, and perceptions of safety. First, women experienced a positive change ( N = 36) from pretest to posttest across all four outcome variables, suggesting the domestic violence shelter was effective at improving survivors’ well-being. Second, participants who attended a self-compassion support group at least once reported more positive posttest scores compared with those who did not attend a group ( N = 79); however, this effect was limited to participants who stayed in shelter a short time. Women who stayed in shelter a longer amount of time experienced more positive posttest scores regardless of group attendance. Although the sample size was limited, analyses directly comparing the traditional shelter support group with the self-compassion support group show that both were equally effective. These findings provide support for shelter effectiveness in terms of improving well-being. They also suggest women who stay in shelter a short period of time may not experience as many shelter benefits unless they attend a support group. Therefore, shelters should consider offering support groups to women very soon after shelter entry. Furthermore, more research is needed to disentangle the benefits of self-compassion interventions over and above a general support group curriculum.
Experimental study of spray characteristics of biodiesel blending with diethyl carbonate in a common rail injection system
Authors: Fu Wei , Song Lanbo , Liu Tao , Lin Qizhao
Published: November 2017

The objective of this paper is to investigate the spray macroscopic characteristics of biodiesel, diethyl carbonate (DEC)-biodiesel blends and diesel fuel based on a common-rail injection system. The spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and the spray projected area were measured through a high-speed photography method. The experimental results reveal that injection pressure and ambient pressure have significant effects on the spray characteristics. Higher injection pressure makes the spray tip penetration increase, while higher back pressure inside the chamber leads to the enlargement of the spray cone angle. The addition of DEC causes the blends fuels to have a shorter penetration and larger spray projected area, which reveals the potential capacity to improve the atomization process compared with biodiesel. The estimation of spray droplet size indicates that DEC30 generates a smaller Sauter mean diameter (SMD) because of its lower surface tension and viscosity. Model predictions were illustrated and compared with current work.
Adherence to Oral Medications During Maintenance Therapy Among Children and Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Medication Refill Analysis
Authors: Wu Yelena P. , Stenehjem David D. , Linder Lauri A. , Yu Bin , Parsons Bridget Grahmann , Mooney Ryan , Fluchel Mark N.
Published: November 2017

Adherence to oral medications during maintenance therapy is essential for pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Self-reported or electronic monitoring of adherence indicate suboptimal adherence, particularly among particular sociodemographic groups. This study used medication refill records to examine adherence among a national sample of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Patients in a national claims database, aged 0 to 21 years with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in the maintenance phase of treatment, were included. Medication possession ratios were used as measures of adherence. Overall adherence and adherence by sociodemographic groups were examined. Adherence rates were 85% for 6-mercaptopurine and 81% for methotrexate. Adherence was poorer among patients 12 years and older. Oral medication adherence rates were suboptimal and similar to or lower than previously documented rates using other methods of assessing adherence. Refill records offer a promising avenue for monitoring adherence. Additional work to identify groups most at-risk for poor adherence is needed. Nurses are well positioned to routinely monitor for medication adherence and to collaborate with the multidisciplinary team to address barriers to adherence.
Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Juveniles Who Sexually Offended
Authors: Barra Steffen , Bessler Cornelia , Landolt Markus A. , Aebi Marcel
Published: November 2017

Juveniles who sexually offended (JSOs) are differentially burdened with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The present study used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to derive subtypes of JSOs according to their patterns of 10 different ACEs. An extensive file analysis of 322 male JSOs ( M = 14.14, SD = 1.94) revealed five subtypes with (a) multiple (9.0%), (b) mainly family related (17.1%), (c) mainly peer related (21.7%), (d) mainly neglectful (18.6%), and (e) little/no (33.5%) ACEs. Differences among ACE subtypes with regard to several offense and victim characteristics (e.g., the use of penetration or violence, the choice of a child, a male, a stranger, or multiple victims) were examined. Whereas no differences were found for the use of physical violence or the choice of male, stranger, or multiple victims, binary logistic regressions revealed associations of the multiple-ACE subtype with the choice of a child victim, the family-ACE subtype with the use of penetration as well as further nonsexual delinquency, the peer-ACE subtype with the use of penetration and the choice of a child victim, and the neglect-subtype with the choice of a child victim. Additional analyses including single ACE categories instead of LCA-derived subtypes supported these results. Findings highlight the need for a comprehensive consideration of ACEs in research and clinical work to understand developmental pathways to juvenile sexual offending.
Adolescent Female With Turner's Syndrome and 46,X,der(Y) del(Y)(p11.2)del(q11.2) Karyotype With Gonadoblastoma and Dysgerminoma
Authors: Mukerji Barenya , Balshan Eli , Haderer Robert , Shertz Wendy , Graebe Robert
Published: November 2017

Gonadal dysgenesis patients with Y chromosomal material are subject to increased risk for germ cell tumors. We report a case of an adolescent female presenting with Turner-like syndrome with primary amenorrhea and Tanner stage 1 breast development. Karyotype showed one X chromosome and a minute pericentromeric fragment of Y chromosome without any functional Y genes in all the cells, unlike a mosaic pattern, represented as 46,X,der(Y)del(Y)(p11.2)del(q11.2). Laparoscopic bilateral gonadectomy was performed due to presence of Y chromosome material and histopathology confirmed gonadoblastoma with a focus of dysgerminoma of the right ovary. A robotic-assisted surgical staging for dysgerminoma was performed which was confirmed to be negative for malignancy. This points at the putative genes for gonadoblastoma to be present around the centromere of the Y chromosome.
Persistence of Villous Immaturity in Term Deliveries Following Intrauterine Transfusion for Parvovirus B19 Infection and RhD-associated Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
Authors: McCarthy Whitney A , Popek Edwina J
Published: November 2017

Common causes of fetal anemia and hydrops include parvovirus B19 infection during the first 2 trimesters of pregnancy, as well as maternal alloimmunization to RhD with subsequent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in an RhD positive fetus. Although both of these conditions have historically caused significant fetal morbidity and mortality, the advent of intrauterine transfusion (IUT) over the last few decades has dramatically improved outcomes. Prior literature has extensively documented placental changes associated with untreated parvovirus infection and RhD HDFN in intrauterine fetal demises and preterm births; however, histopathologic changes in term placentas from term infants treated with IUT have not been reported. We present placental findings in 2 cases of parvovirus B19-associated hydrops and 2 cases of RhD HDFN-associated hydrops in term infants after IUT, highlighting unique aspects that may be diagnostically useful for the examining pathologist.
Postmortem Diagnostic Exome Sequencing Identifies a De Novo TUBB3 Alteration in a Newborn With Prenatally Diagnosed Hydrocephalus and Suspected Walker–Warburg Syndrome
Authors: Powis Zöe , Chamberlin Adam C , Alamillo Christina L , Ceulemans Sophia , Bird Lynne M , Tang Sha
Published: November 2017

Objective

Herein, we report a case of a deceased newborn with prenatally detected hydrocephalus. Postnatal findings included abnormal brain imaging and electroencephalogram, optic nerve abnormalities, and elevated creatine kinase (CK). No underlying genetic etiology had been previously identified for the proband, despite testing with a congenital muscular dystrophy gene panel.

Methods

Diagnostic exome sequencing (DES) was performed on the proband-parents trio, and candidate alterations were confirmed using automated fluorescence dideoxy sequencing.

Results

Exome sequencing of the proband, mother and father identified a previously unreported apparently de novo heterozygous tubulin, beta-3 ( TUBB3) c.523G>C (p.V175L) alteration in the proband.

Conclusion

Overall, DES established a likely molecular genetic diagnosis for a postmortem case after traditional testing methods were uninformative. The DES results allowed for reproductive options, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis and/or prenatal diagnosis, to be available to the parents in future pregnancies.
Lessons from love-locks: The archaeology of the contemporary assemblage
Authors: Houlbrook Ceri
Published: November 2017

Loss of context is a challenge, if not the bane, of the ritual archaeologist’s craft. Those who research ritual frequently encounter difficulties in the interpretation of its often tantalizingly incomplete material record. Careful analysis of material remains may afford us glimpses into past ritual activity, but our often vast chronological separation from the ritual practitioners themselves prevent us from seeing the whole picture. The archaeologist engaging with structured deposits, for instance, is often forced to study ritual assemblages post-accumulation. Many nuances of its formation, therefore, may be lost in interpretation. This article considers what insights an archaeologist could gain into the place, people, pace and purpose of deposition by recording an accumulation of structured deposits during its formation, rather than after. To answer this, the article focuses on a contemporary depositional practice: the love-lock. This custom involves the inscribing of names/initials onto a padlock, its attachment to a bridge or other public structure, and the deposition of the corresponding key into the water below; a ritual often enacted by a couple as a statement of their romantic commitment. Drawing on empirical data from a three-year diachronic site-specific investigation into a love-lock bridge in Manchester, UK, the author demonstrates the value of contemporary archaeology in engaging with the often enigmatic material culture of ritual accumulations.
Perceptions of Tobacco Control Media Campaigns Among Smokers With Lower Socioeconomic Status
Authors: McCullough Anna , Meernik Clare , Baker Hannah , Jarman Kristen , Walsh Barbara , Goldstein Adam O.
Published: November 2017

People with low socioeconomic status (SES) in the United States have disparately high rates of smoking and experience disproportionately high burdens of smoking-related disease. Tobacco control media campaigns are a critical strategy for reducing tobacco use prevalence, but evidence is mixed about the optimal use of mass media to reach and promote tobacco use cessation among people with low SES. Improved understanding of the factors influencing how low-SES tobacco users evaluate tobacco control media campaigns may inform development of more effective messages and strategies. Focus groups with primarily low-SES smokers in Connecticut were conducted, finding that participants had seen many tobacco control television ads that used graphic imagery and testimonials, but participants voiced two main themes that limited ad effectiveness: (1) skepticism about the content of ads, the role of the tobacco industry and the government in sponsoring the ads, and the safety and efficacy of cessation supports; and (2) barriers to quitting such as stress, social contexts, and addiction that participants perceived as being underappreciated in the context of the ads. Tobacco control media campaigns targeting low-SES tobacco users may need additional messages, tools, or refinements to more optimally motivate this group to make quit attempts.
The Utility of Physical Activity Micro-Grants: The ParticipACTION Teen Challenge Program
Authors: Ramanathan Subha , White Lauren , Luciani Alicia , Berry Tanya R. , Deshpande Sameer , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , O’Reilly Norm , Rhodes Ryan E. , Spence John C. , Faulkner Guy
Published: November 2017

Youth physical activity levels remain low in Canada and worldwide. Lack of environmental resources (e.g., access to equipment and facilities, transportation options, and participation costs) is a key barrier for youth participation. Micro-grants are small budgets of money awarded via grant applications and may help community organizations facilitate youth physical activity participation by alleviating environmental resource barriers. ParticipACTION Teen Challenge was a national micro-grant scheme administered in Canada. Secondary analysis of survey data from Provincial and Territorial coordinators, registered community organizers, and successful grant applicants were used to evaluate the process and outcomes of Teen Challenge. Results showed that the financial subsidy of 500CAD was used mainly toward equipment, instruction, and transportation. Coordinators and community organizers indicated high levels of satisfaction and benefits for communities and teens. A key benefit for coordinators was leveraging the Teen Challenge network for physical activity promotion. Reported benefits for teenaged participants included leadership opportunities (e.g., helping create and implement programs) and increased physical activity participation. Findings highlight the value of micro-grants for supporting sport and physical activity opportunities for Canadian teens, and show that such schemes address barriers related to environmental resources. The sustainability of micro-grant schemes remains to be seen.
American TV Series Revivals: Introduction
Authors: Loock Kathleen
Published: November 2017

This special issue examines contemporary American TV series revivals with a focus on production and reception contexts as well as the industrial, cultural, and textual practices involved. Each essay is concerned with a different case study and brings a distinct approach to the analysis of the trend on American network television and the online streaming service Netflix. Together, they analyze how revivals rely on past TV experiences to circulate new products through the crowded contemporary media landscape, and how they seek to negotiate the televisual heritage of original series, feelings of generational belonging, as well as notions of the past, present, and future in meaningful ways. This introduction to the special issue provides the definitions, broader historical context, and theoretical framework of televisual repetition and innovation for understanding contemporary TV series revivals.
Exploring an autoethnographic stance with poetry in children’s nursing
Authors: Clancy Marie
Published: November 2017

An autoethnographic stance has been taken in this paper as this methodology can be particularly useful when exploring complex feelings and unique lived experiences. The purpose of this paper is to use this stance to holistically explore a nursing journey writing poetry during times of personal and professional difficulty, with cathartic benefits. It is hoped this will provide an example and tool for other nurses to expand their learning, insight and understanding. Poems will be used as data in this paper, and data analysis and a reflective narrative and literature exploration described to help analyse their meaning. This may stimulate an empathetic understanding in the reader and give an in-depth insight into the challenging role of the children’s nurse. Poetry will be used to explore some of the typical features of autoethnography, namely self-portrayal, context, and culture with self-reflection, and by providing poetry that encourages reader exploration. Poetry has the potential to benefit nursing, including enhanced self-awareness and coping mechanisms as well as the development of empathy to support patients, families and colleagues. The use of personal poetry with reflective narrative provides an illuminating expansion of the experiences described, which may encourage readers to explore their own emotions and reflect in new and different ways.
Return to work after young stroke: A systematic review
Authors: Edwards Jodi D. , Kapoor Arunima , Linkewich Elizabeth , Swartz Richard H.
Published: November 2017

Background

The incidence of stroke in young adults is increasing. While many young survivors are able to achieve a good physical recovery, subtle dysfunction in other domains, such as cognition, often persists, and could affect return to work. However, reported estimates of return to work and factors affecting vocational outcome post-stroke vary greatly.

Aims

The aims of this systematic review were to determine the frequency of return to work at different time points after stroke and identify predictors of return to work.

Summary of review

Two electronic databases (Medline and Embase) were systematically searched for articles according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 6473 records were screened, 68 were assessed for eligibility, and 29 met all inclusion criteria (working-age adults with stroke, return to work evaluated as an outcome, follow-up duration reported, and publication within the past 20 years). Return to work increased with time, with median frequency increasing from 41% between 0 and 6 months, 53% at 1 year, 56% at 1.5 years to 66% between 2 and 4 years post-stroke. Greater independence in activities of daily living, fewer neurological deficits, and better cognitive ability were the most common predictors of return to work.

Conclusion

This review highlights the need to examine return to work in relation to time from stroke and assess cognition in working age and young stroke survivors. The full range of factors affecting return to work has not yet been explored and further evaluations of return to work interventions are warranted.
The Impact of Customer Loyalty and Restaurant Sanitation Grades on Revisit Intention and the Importance of Narrative Information: The Case of New York Restaurant Sanitation Grading System
Authors: Kim Min Gyung , Yang Hyunjoo , Mattila Anna S.
Published: November 2017

New York City launched a restaurant sanitation letter grade system in 2010. We evaluate the impact of customer loyalty on restaurant revisit intentions after exposure to a sanitation grade alone, and after exposure to a sanitation grade plus narrative information about sanitation violations (e.g., presence of rats). We use a 2 (loyalty: high or low) × 4 (sanitation grade: A, B, C, or pending) between-subjects full factorial design to test the hypotheses using data from 547 participants recruited from Amazon MTurk who reside in the New York City area. Our study yields three findings. First, loyal customers exhibit higher intentions to revisit restaurants than non-loyal customers, regardless of sanitation letter grades. Second, the difference in revisit intentions between loyal and non-loyal customers is higher when sanitation grades are poorer. Finally, loyal customers are less sensitive to narrative information about sanitation violations.
No Assistance Desired: How Perceptions of Others’ Self-Esteem Affect Support-Seeking
Authors: Cavallo Justin V. , Hirniak Alexandra
Published: November 2017

Seeking social support from close others often instantiates effective support transactions that foster coping with negative events. However, people often do not solicit the support they require. The present research expands on this phenomenon by examining how perceptions of providers’ self-esteem influences support recipients’ willingness to seek help in times of need. Across five correlational, experimental, and dyadic investigations, we found that people were less willing to seek support from providers who they perceived to be lower (vs. higher) in self-esteem. Moreover, this effect was mediated by perceptions of efficacy in all studies, revealing that perceptions of providers’ self-worth affect the extent that recipients view them as capable and thus are willing to turn to them for help.
Perspective Space as a Model for Distance and Size Perception
Authors: Erkelens Casper J.
Published: November 2017

In the literature, perspective space has been introduced as a model of visual space. Perspective space is grounded on the perspective nature of visual space during both binocular and monocular vision. A single parameter, that is, the distance of the vanishing point, transforms the geometry of physical space into that of perspective space. The perspective-space model predicts perceived angles, distances, and sizes. The model is compared with other models for distance and size perception. Perspective space predicts that perceived distance and size as a function of physical distance are described by hyperbolic functions. Alternatively, power functions have been widely used to describe perceived distance and size. Comparison of power and hyperbolic functions shows that both functions are equivalent within the range of distances that have been judged in experiments. Two models describing perceived distance on the ground plane appear to be equivalent with the perspective-space model too. The conclusion is that perspective space unifies a number of models of distance and size perception.
On the Discovery of Monocular Rivalry by Tscherning in 1898: Translation and Review
Authors: O’Shea Robert P. , Roeber Urte , Wade Nicholas J.
Published: November 2017

Monocular rivalry was named by Breese in 1899. He made prolonged observation of superimposed orthogonal gratings; they fluctuated in clarity with either one or the other grating occasionally being visible alone. A year earlier, Tscherning observed similar fluctuations with a grid of vertical and horizontal lines and with other stimuli; we draw attention to his prior account. Monocular rivalry has since been shown to occur with a wide variety of superimposed patterns with several independent rediscoveries of it. We also argue that Helmholtz described some phenomenon other than monocular rivalry in 1867.