bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semi-natural regeneration and conservation in agroforestry system models on small-scale farmers
Authors: Suryanto Priyono , Sadono Ronggo , YOHANIFA AISYA , WIDYAWAN MUHAMMAD HABIB , Alam Taufan
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Suryanto P, Sadono R, Yohanifa A, Widyawan MH, Alam T. 2021. Semi-natural regeneration and conservation in agroforestry system models on small-scale farmers. Biodiversitas 22: 858-865. The regeneration capacity can provide an overview of the abundance of species so that it can be used to determine the potential and opportunities for the sustainability of agroforestry systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of semi-natural regeneration in agroforestry system models for small-scale farmers. The study was carried out in Banaran Sub-district, Playen District, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The observation was conducted on plant diversity, floristic composition, and agroforestry contribution. The results showed that the mixed cropping (MC) model had a higher total of individuals and diversity compared to the trees along with border (TAB) model in the sapling and seedling level. The MC model was relatively shorter to the waiting time of harvesting compared to the TAB model. The MC models weakness was the relatively high competition and the lack of opportunities to growing annual crops. The TAB model had an advantage in developing annual crops in an agroforestry system, while longer in waiting time for harvesting perennial crops. This study recommends annual pruning in the MC model for optimal stand growth, while in the TAB model, it is the enrichment planting in sapling and seedling levels.
Isolation and identification of phytate-degrading yeast from traditional fermented food
Authors: Suryani Ade Erma , AYU SEPTI ANGGRAENI  , LUSTY ISTIQOMAH  , EMA DAMAYANTI  , MOHAMMAD FAIZ KARIMY
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Suryani AE, Anggraeni AS, Istiqomah L, Damayanti E, Karimy MF. 2021. Isolation and identification of phytate-degrading yeast from traditional fermented food. Biodiversitas 22: 866-873. Application of phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) to catalyze the release of phosphate from phytates contained on grain-based feed has been used widely in poultry feed industry. In this study, yeast as phytase producer from traditional fermented food was isolated, screened and identified their morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. Production of extracellular phytase from yeast was quantified using spectrophotometer. The results showed that among 8 yeast isolates that had phytase activity, there were two isolates with the highest phytase activity and specific activity which were TKd3 isolate (6.57 U/mL and 54.230 U/mg) and GF1 (6.07 U/mL and 53.68 U/mg). Morphological identification using Scanning Electron Microscope revealed that TKd3 cells isolated from soybean tempeh had an elongated oval cell structure, whereas the GF1 isolated from fresh gatot had a rounder cell structure. TKd3 isolate with accession number MW131530 had homology with Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 28S rRNA with 99.83% similarity and GF1 isolate with accession number MW131531 had homology with Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 28S rRNA with 100% similarity. It could be concluded that C. tropicalis yeast from traditional fermented food produced the extracellular phytase for further use of phytase in poultry feed additive.
Diversity and distribution of epiphytic lichens on Cedrus atlantica and Quercus faginea in Mount Babor Forest, Algeria
Authors: Belguidoum Amina , Lograda Takia , Ramdani Messaoud
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Belguidoum A, Lograda T, Ramdani M. 2021. Diversity and distribution of epiphytic lichens on Cedrus atlantica and Quercus faginea in Mount Babor Forest, Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 887-899. Information about lichen diversity in Algeria is limited despite their important role as biological indicators of ecosystem health. The aim of the study was to carry out an inventory of epiphytic lichens in the Mount Babor Forest on two types of phorophytes (host trees), i.e., Cedrus atlantica and Quercus faginea, in varying altitudinal gradients and the diameter of host tree. The similarity of the sampled sites was assessed by the Sorensen index (β). Sixty-six species of epiphytic lichens were identified, which belong to 24 families and 38 genera. C. atlantica hosted a higher number of species than Q. faginea. The majority of lichen on C. atlantica belonged to the Parmeliaceae family, whereas those on Q. faginea belonged to the Physciaceae family. Crustose and foliose lichens were the most common species in the study area. The results showed the existence of a distinct relationship between the parameters of the distribution (i.e., tree diameter, elevation) and the specific lichen richness. The greatest number of lichen species (59 species) was observed on large diameter trunks (41-60 cm). Lichen diversity increased along with the increase in altitude. Sorensen’s similarity index revealed the presence of heterogeneity in the community composition of lichen vegetation.
DNA intensity and genetic diversity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) to determine an elite low lipase line
Authors: Angkat Nina Unzila , LUTHFI AZIZ MAHMUD SIREGAR  , Mohammad Basyuni  , Dadang Afandi  , SYAHPUTRA INDRA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Angkat NU, Siregar LAM, Basyuni M, Afandi D, Syahputra I. 2021. DNA intensity and genetic diversity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) to determine an elite low lipase line. Biodiversitas 22: 900-905. The acidification of palm oil due to lipase activity in the mesocarp is assessed under genetic control. Three molecular markers have been established to gauge the lipase gene in oil palm. Lower lipase activity is desired for good quality edible oil. This study aims to identify the genetic diversity by screening groups/families to determine an elite low lipase genotype of oil palm. Genetic diversity and population structure of 15 groups of oil palm were investigated by using three specific markers with GenAlex 6.502 software. Results show that the Polymorphic Informative Content (PIC) value of markers was around 0,985-0,993, which indicates that these markers are effective in determining the diversity of lipase activity in oil palm. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic diversity varies within individuals (54%), among individuals (31%), and among population (15%). The value of number of alleles (Na), number of effective alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and number of allele migration (Nm) indicate that the genetic diversity in this population is relatively low. Phylogenetic analysis identified two main groups as high lipase and low lipase activity groups based on DNA intensity.
Composition and diversity of bacteria from giant Asian honeybee Apis dorsata gut
Authors: Niode Nurdjannah Jane , ADJI ARYANI , RIMBING JIMMY , TULUNG MAX , Tallei Trina Ekawati
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Niode NJ, Adji A, Rimbing J, Tulung M, Tallei TE. 2021. Composition and diversity of bacteria from giant Asian honeybee Apis dorsata gut. Biodiversitas 22: 906-912. As a social insect, honeybee possesses a unique gut bacteria community. Therefore, we need to understand the composition and diversity of bacteria in Apis dorsata gut, the largest honeybee species that live in the forest, especially in Southeast Asia. The present study aimed to investigate the gut bacteria of A. dorsata using a metabarcoding approach. The DNA barcode region used in this approach was the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA. Honeybees were caught in a forest area located in Tareran, South Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. There were 11 phyla identified from the gut of A. dorsata. The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (95.8%), Proteobacteria (3.7%), and Actinobacteria (0.4%). The class Bacilli was responsible for 94.5% of the total bacterial population, the dominant family was Bacillaceae (87.2%), and the dominant genus was Bacillus (87%). Simpson (1-D) 0.24 and Shannon diversity index 0.98 indicated that the diversity of the genera was low. A nonsignificant number of species belong to the lactic acid bacteria was also detected, which may have certain benefits that need to be investigated further.
Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic evaluation of Bauhinia scandens leaf extracts using HeLa and T47D cell lines
Authors: Lianah Lianah , KHASANAH RITA ARIYANA NUR , PRANATAMI DWIMEI AYUDEWANDARI , KRISANTINI KRISANTINI
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lianah L, Khasanah RAN, Pranatami DA, Krisantini K. 2021. Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic evaluation of Bauhinia scandens leaf extracts using HeLa and T47D cell lines. Biodiversitas 22: 913-919. The aim of the study was to analyze the phytochemical contents and todetermine the cytotoxic activities of Bauhinia scandens leaf ethanol extracts against HeLa (human cervical cancer) and T47D (breast cancer) cell culture lines. Using a standard protocol, it was found that leaf extract of B. scandens contains phytochemicals that are widely known to have medicinal properties, such as phenols (17.57±0.098% w/w), flavonoids (5.91±0.098% w/w), saponins (19.42±0.091% w/w), tannins (1.24±0.035% w/w), alkaloids (1.31±0.001% w/w) and steroids (0.08±0.007% w/w). Results of 24-hr Microculture Tetrazolium Salt (MTT) assay show that leaf extracts of B. scandens can suppress cell growth at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.95 μg/mLfor HeLa cells and 4.54μg/mL for T47D cells. This indicates that B. scandens is a potentially strong candidate for anti-cancer agents. The cytotoxic activities of the leaf extracts of B. scandens can be attributed to the total effects of the phytochemical compounds found. Further studies are recommended in order to isolate and determine individual effects of bioactive compounds in B. scandens.
Correlation between landscape structure and distribution of Javan Pangolin (Manis javanica) in an extreme landscape
Authors: WITHANINGSIH SUSANTI , PARIKESIT Parikesit , NASRUDIN ANWAR
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Withaningsih S, Parikesit, Nasrudin A. 2021. Correlation between landscape structure and distribution of Javan Pangolin (Manis javanica) in an extreme landscape. Biodiversitas 22: 920-932. The Javan Pangolin (Manis javanica) is a unique mammal with hard scales and can roll over when threatened. However, the study of Javan pangolin ecology, particularly using an ecological landscape approach, is limited. Here, a spatial analysis of the presence and distribution of Javan pangolins living in an extreme landscape in Rongga Sub-district, West Bandung District was conducted and was correlated to the landscape structure using a landscape metric approach. A descriptive method was used in conjunction with quantitative statistical analyses using simple linear regressions based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. The variables were features of the extreme landscape structure and the number of Javan pangolin animal signs at the sampling sites. The seven sample sites had variations in land cover classes, and the landscape structure affected the distribution of the Javan pangolins. The pangolin distribution showed a strong, negative correlation with the number of patch types (R2 = 0.628) and a weak, negative correlation with both the landscape heterogeneity (R2 = 0.012) and the percentage of forest cover (R2 = 0.136). Together, the landscape heterogeneity, the number of patch types and the percentage of forest cover negatively affected the distribution of Javan pangolins, showing a strong correlation (R2 = 0.799).
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria
Authors: MOHAMADI YACINE , LOGRADA TAKIA , Ramdani Messaoud , FIGUEREDO GILLES , CHALARD PIERRE
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Mohamadi Y, Lograda T, Ramdani M, Figueredo G, Chalard P. 2021. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 933-946.  The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and the antibacterial activities of Myrtus communis essential oils. The aerial parts of the myrtle were collected from nineteen localities of the Algerian coast, and subjected to hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against ten bacterial species. Essential oils of M. communis was pale yellow oils, very fragrant, with an average yield of 0.68 ± 0.6%. Forty-six compounds were identified, representing an average of 99.17 ± 0.6% of total oils. The α-pinene was the most abundant component in the essential oils of all populations studied, with a mean of 50.1 ± 10.3%, followed by 1,8-cineole (22.27 ± 4.32%), limonene (5.16 ± 2.67%), linalool (3.79 ± 2.97%), α-terpineol (2.75 ± 1.12%), geranyl acetate (1.95 ± 0.7%) and methyl eugenol (1.40 ± 0.98%). Myrtenyl acetate was only observed in four populations with significant levels (from 10.66 to 20.94%). Six chemotypes have been identified in these oils. The α-pinene – 1,8-cineole - limonene chemotype was found in the majority of populations. The chemotype of α-pinene - 1,8-cineole - α-terphenyl acetate characterizes the Oued El-Aneb population. The α-pinene - neryl formate - limonene chemotype is observed in the Honaïn population. The remaining populations are characterized by myrtenyl acetate. The essential oils of M. communis were effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella enterica ATCC35659, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; however, no significant effect was observed on Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 and Serratia liquefaciens.
A pictorial key for the identification of beetle (Order: Coleoptera) and diversity study in selected area within Pelangai Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors: NURUL HUDDA ABDULLAH  , IZZATI ADILAH AZMIR
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Abdullah NH, Azmir IA. 2021. A pictorial key for the identification of beetle (Order: Coleoptera) and diversity study in selected area within Pelangai Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 947-955. Beetles or Coleoptera were largely distributed in Asia, especially in Malaysia. The beetle was important in the ecosystem as a decomposer, pollinator, and bio-indicator of the habitat. However, the beetle could also be a potential pest to crops or plants that cause damage to many plantations. This study aimed to establish a key pictorial for beetle identification based on selected characteristics and to determine the beetle diversity, evenness, and genus similarity in Pelangai Preserved Forest, Negeri Sembilan at three different sites i.e., forest, open area, and the sub forested area. This study was carried out between February and March 2020. The Shannon Evenness Index (E) calculated species evenness and the Simpson’s Index (D) assessed the diversity of beetles in this research. The results obtained were 67 individuals of beetles comprised of 7 families and 13 genera. The most found beetle was genus Apogonia sp. (16.4%), followed by genus Epilachna sp. (14.9%), and genus Adoretus sp. A (14.9%) while the least found beetle was genus Blabephorus sp. (1.5%). Site C or sub forested area had the highest species similarity (E= 0.913), followed by Site B or open area (E= 0.912) and Site A or forest area with the lowest species similarity (E= 0.908). This showed that the species in the sub forested area were evenly distributed compared to the forest and open area. As for diversity index, sub forest had the highest diversity (D= 0.860), followed by open area (D= 0.845) and forest area with the lowest diversity (D= 0.188). In conclusion, the beetle from genus Rhyncophorus sp. was the most distinct among other beetles due to the presence of snout and visible head which make it easier to identify. Beetle from genus Apogonia sp. was most found in sub forested areas due to high vegetation and medium sun exposure. Sample collection can be increased in future study by using dung trap sample collection and longer sampling time.
Baseline susceptibility of Philippine Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations to insecticidal Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins and validation of candidate diagnostic concentration for monitoring resistance
Authors: Alcantara Edwin , ATIENZA MARNELLE M. , CAMACHO LUIS , PARIMI SRINIVAS
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Alcantara EP, Atienza MM, Camacho L, Parimi S. 2021. Baseline susceptibility of Philippine Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations to insecticidal Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins and validation of candidate diagnostic concentration for monitoring resistance. Biodiversitas 22: 956-960. This study estimated the baseline susceptibility of Ostrinia furnacalis populations from the Philippines, to purified insecticidal Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins and determined a diagnostic concentration (DC) through a validation experiment. The insect populations were collected from separate sites of corn farms in Northern and Central Luzon and in South Cotabato province of the island of Mindanao. Dose-response bioassays using artificial diet surface overlay method were conducted on eight populations. The bioassay results revealed that the LC50 of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 to O. furnacalis ranged from 0.03 ng/cm2 to 0.18 ng/cm2 and 1.40 ng/cm2 to 9.98 ng/cm2, respectively. The relative susceptibility ratios between the most susceptible and most tolerant populations were 6-fold for Cry1A.105 and about 7-fold for Cry2Ab2. The candidate diagnostic concentrations (DC) based on the LC99 were calculated using the baseline bioassay data for both Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. The validation was performed on populations from the same locations used in the baseline susceptibility assay and a reference strain to produce at least 99% mortality for each protein. Data showed that populations tested with Cry1A.105 produced average mortality of at least 99% for the upper limit, while this was observed in the LC99 estimate for Cry2Ab2. The validated diagnostic concentration can be used for monitoring the resistance development of O. furnacalis exposed to Bt Corn, MON89034, in the Philippines.
Fishing ground and tuna productivity by tuna longline based on Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Imron Mohammad , TAWAQAL MUHAMMAD IRSYAD , YUSFIANDAYANI ROZA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Imron M, Tawaqal MI, Yusfiandayani R. 2021. Fishing ground and tuna productivity by tuna longline based on Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 961-968. The success of a longline fishing operation depends on several things such as the skill of the crew, bait used, fishing season, fishing operation, the total of fish caught, the price of the fish, productivity, and fishing grounds. Information about productivity and fishing ground becomes important to increase effectiveness and optimal profit. The methodology is carried out by conducting a survey to collect data to be processed and analyzed using productivity analysis based on Landing per Unit Effort (LPUE) and fishing activity analysis from the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) to determine the Fishing Ground. We calculate tuna productivity from catch production (landing) per effort, meanwhile fishing ground use VMS data. Production tuna was landed at Benoa Bali from 2016-2018 fluctuated. In 2016 production of tuna albacore took a portion of 34.60%, yellowfin tuna 43.56%, bigeye tuna 15.44%, and southern bluefin tuna 6.26%. Production of tuna albacore took a portion of 35.61%, yellowfin tuna 42.64%, bigeye tuna 12.49%, and southern bluefin tuna 9.26% in 2017. Production albacore took a portion of 36.41%, yellowfin tuna 41.56%, bigeye tuna 11.79%, and southern bluefin tuna 10.24% in 2018. The highest productivity of albacore was in August 2018 with LPUE value 1.0099, yellowfin tuna was in July 2018 with LPUE value 1.2431, big eye tuna was in November 2018 with LPUE value 0.5538, and bluefin was at December 2017 with LPUE value 0.3864. The result of VMS data processing showed that tuna longline vessel based at Benoa has several locations of fishing grounds based on fishing activity for example Hindia High Seas, WPP NRI 714 (Telo gulf and Banda Sea), WPP NRI 718 (Aru Sea, Arafura Sea, and Timor Sea), ZEEI WPP NRI 718.
Maternal effect of agronomic and morphological characters on cluster structure of F3 soybean lines
Authors: BADIARAJA PANJI HANDOKO , Zubaidah Siti , KUSWANTORO HERU
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Badiaraja PH, Zubaidah S, Kuswantoro H. 2021. Maternal effect of agronomic and morphological characters on cluster structure of F3 soybean lines. Biodiversitas 22: 969-982. The study was to determine the maternal effect on the agronomic and morphological characters and their impact on F3 soybean lines cluster structure. The results showed the maternal effect was found in agronomic and morphological characters. In agronomic characters, the maternal effect was shown by plant height, number of productive nodes, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant, and 100-seed weight. In morphological characters, pod width, pod thickness, seed width, and seed thickness were shown by pod width. Based on cluster analysis results, at Grobogan/UM 3-2 cross, the best individuals for the number of branches, the number of productive nodes, the number of filled pods, the number of unfilled pods, the number of seeds per plant, and the seed yield per plant were obtained in Cluster 2. For the 100-seed weight, pod length, pod width, pod thickness, seed width, and seed thickness, the best individuals were in Cluster 1. Meanwhile, at UM 3-2/Grobogan cross, the best individuals for the plant height were in Cluster 2, while seed length was in Cluster 3. For the number of seeds per pod, the best individuals can be obtained from Cluster 6. The maternal-effect led to the cluster structure differed between cross and its reciprocal.
Short Communication: Digital identification approach to characterize Hevea brasiliensis leaves
Authors: PRATOMO BAYU , LISNAWITA LISNAWITA , NISA TENGKU CHAIRUN , Basyuni Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Pratomo B, Lisnawita, Nisa TC, Basyuni M. 2021. Short Communication: Digital identification approach to characterize Hevea brasiliensis leaves. Biodiversitas 22: 1006-1013. The purity of clones is a key factor to obtain uniform growth of Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg in the field. Crop uniformity has an impact on production patterns that can be predicted in latex content. Basically, H. brasiliensis tree leaves show similarities to each other such as the color, texture, or shape of the leaves. Identification of clones that have been very common by the morphology of H. brasiliensis leaves. This study links the results of previous research on digital methods used. A total of 27 clones were sampled in this study which came from the garden collection of entres, which can be used as a source of elders for assisted pollination or source of planting materials for the needs of production-scale seeds in the field. Here, we used a database of 540 leaves from 27 clones and 10 quantitative characters to address these issues The analysis data used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial. The result showed the identification method digitally on characterizing of leaves by using Software Adobe Photoshop, depicting that the characteristics contained in H. brasiliensis leaves are very proper to be used as the first character in identifying an H. brasiliensis clone. The present work provided a piece of important information on the characterization of H. brasiliensis leaves to enhance the selection of parent clones.
Differential hierarchical metabolites expression of red/white Salacca sumatrana arillus and its molecular docking studies
Authors: Fendiyanto Miftahul Huda , Satrio Rizky Dwi , Widana I Dewa Ketut Kerta , Pratami Mentari Putri , Nikmah Isna Arofatun , Darmadi Didi
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Fendiyanto MH, Satrio RD, Widana IDKK, Pratami MP, Nikmah IA, Darmadi D. 2021. Differential hierarchical metabolites expression of red/white Salacca sumatrana Arillus and its molecular docking studies. Biodiversitas 22: 1014-1024. Salak Sidempuan (Salacca sumatrana) is one of the medicinal plants originating from tropical countries. However, there is very little research on the study of finding bioactive compounds in S. sumatrana using the metabolomic approach. Here, we use two population types of S. sumatrana, e.g., fruit with red and white arillus. We extracted the compounds from the two tissues using the GC-MS technique and further analyzed their antiviral potential using an in-silico molecular docking technique. Fold change analysis showed that in white arillus there were 21 upregulated compounds and 25 downregulated compounds. Metabolites that have high expression in white arillus tissue are ranxinic acid, nicotinic alcohol, stearic acid, 2-furan carboxaldehyde, and others. Six accessions from S. sumatrana based on PCA analysis and separate dendrogram according to the type of arillus, i.e., red and white arillus. Two compounds that act as antivirals found in this study are stearic acid and palmitic acid based on preliminary molecular docking studies. These two compounds could be used for further studies as a preventive measure against SARS-Cov-2 in the future, however, it needs further comprehensive and clinical analysis the future. In conclusion, metabolites in white arillus were distinctly different from red arillus of Snake fruits. In addition, studies on differential metabolite expression on two types of arillus (red/white) can be used as markers in identifying arillus color early by plant breeders.
Short Communication: Drying methods and diversity of contaminant fungi on coffee beans in South Ogan Komering Ulu District, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Lilia Deli , Damiri Nurhayati - , Muhammad Zulkarnain , Mulawarman Mulawarman
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lilia D, Damiri N, Zulkarnain M, Mulawarman. 2021. Short Communication: Drying methods and diversity of contaminant fungi on coffee beans in South Ogan Komering Ulu District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1037-1042. South Ogan Komering Ulu District is a Robusta coffee-producing area in South Sumatra. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of two drying methods on reducing the moisture content of coffee beans by comparing beans dried on tarpaulin and on asphalt roads. The study also assessed the diversity and percentage of fungal contaminants found in coffee beans from each drying method (including OTA-producing fungi). Data was obtained from May until July 2020 from surveys, interviews and samples collected from 30 farmers drying on tarpaulin and 30 farmers drying on the asphalt. The results showed that the moisture content was higher after drying on tarpaulin (13.97% ± 0.55) than on the asphalt road (11.68% ± 0.40). Furthermore, 13 different types of fungi were found for the coffee beans drying on the tarpaulin and 10 types of fungi for those drying on asphalt. In the two methods of drying, it was found that two types of fungi namely Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus were potential of producing ochratoxin A (OTA). At the drying on tarpaulin was found mix of more than 93.3% A.niger and A. ochraceus, meanwhile at the drying on asphalt were found mix of more than 90% A.niger and A.ochraceus respectively.
The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenecity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Gustianingtyas Mimma , Herlinda Siti , Suwandi Suwandi
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Gustianingtyas M, Herlinda S, Suwandi. 2021. The endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their pathogenicity against the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Biodiversitas 22: 1051-1062. Maize in Indonesia is currently experiencing attacks and outbreaks of the new invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The S. frugiperda larvae emerge from the leaf midrib when eating, after hiding in the maize stalk so that it is difficult to control by contact. This study aimed to find out the endophytic fungi from the roots of maize, banana and chili in South Sumatra and to determine their pathogenicity against S. frugiperda larvae. The endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant roots. Fungal isolates proven to be endophytic were dropped (1 × 106 conidia mL−1) on the second instar larvae. The result showed that the endophytic fungi found were 8 isolates consisting of the genus, Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. First report of Aspergillus sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. have insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae. However, the two most pathogenic isolates were JgCrJr and JgSPK isolates of Beauveria sp. with larval mortality of 29.33% and 26.67%, respectively, and could reduce the emergence of S. frugiperda adults up to 44%. So, the two isolates of Beauveria sp. have a high potential to be developed to control S. frugiperda larvae in maize both in the lowlands and the highlands.
Short Communication: Molecular study on mt-DNA COX2 gene of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus)
Authors: Wibowo Deny Setyo , Widiyanti Rini , Asvan Machmud , Restanti Prista Dwi , Wijayanto Hery
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wibowo DS, Widiyanti R, Asvan M, Restanti PD, Wijayanto H. 2021. Short Communication: Molecular study on mt-DNA COX2 gene of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Biodiversitas 22: 1063-1068. Sumatran elephant is the only subspecies of Asian elephants that receives a critically endangered status from the International Union for Conservation and Nature Resources (IUCN). Identifying the genetic marker of Sumatran elephants is, therefore, important for their conservation. This study aimed to identify the Sumatran elephant based on specific mitochondrial DNA markers of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) gene. It is an exploratory research considering the limited data and research about the genetic, especially the COX2 of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Forward and reverse sequencing of PCR products was conducted using the primary COX2 from Sumatran elephant samples. The results of the subsequent gene sequencing were aligned with the sequences of other Asian elephants from Genbank using Clustal W software and analyzed using the MEGA program version 6.06. The analysis of genetic distance based on COX2 constituent nucleotides calculated with Kimura’s two-parameter method showed that the genetic distance between Elephas maximus sumatranus and Elephas maximus outside of Sumatra was 0.25%. The phylogenetic trees analyzed using the maximum-likelihood based on nucleotide sequences showed a high homogeneity. The ratio of Elephas maximus sumatranus with Elephas maximus shows levels of nucleotide mutations which are nine nucleotides and four nucleotides. These results indicated that the COX2 gene could not identify the individual species of Sumatran elephant because of the high intraspecies homogeneity, but it detected the interspecies divergence clustered in Asian elephant clade.
Agro-morphological traits and harvest period assessment of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) genotypes for pods production
Authors: Afridatul Sayyidah , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS , MAHARIJAYA AWANG
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ishthifaiyyah SA, Syukur M, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Maharijaya A. 2021. Agro-morphological traits and harvest period assessment of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) genotypes for pods production. Biodiversitas 22: 1069-1075. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is an underutilized crop in Indonesia. Winged bean varieties for pods productions not only must have high productivity and nutrient contents, but also have a long harvest period. This research aimed to evaluate agro-morphological traits and harvest period of eighth-generation winged bean genotypes. Twenty genotypes of winged beans were evaluated using randomized complete block design (RCB) with three replications in Bogor, Indonesia. Several qualitative and quantitative traits were evaluated from each genotype. The results showed that there were variations among winged bean genotypes which were based on qualitative traits as well as the color of stem, calyx, corolla, pod, and pod wings. Purple coloration in the calyx of P1 and H3U genotypes was known to correspond with the purple color in stem, corolla, pod, and pod wings. The highest yield among F8 genotypes was found in H2 (6.69 to ha-1), similar to P2. However, the longest harvest period among F8 genotypes was found in H1U-2 (78 days). This study revealed that harvest period had positive correlation with the leaflet size. Based on nutrient content, H3U and L2 were considered as the genotypes with the highest protein and fiber content respectively among F8 genotypes.
The COVID-19 Pandemic in Puerto Rico: Exceptionality, Corruption and State-Corporate Crimes
Authors: Atiles Osoria Jose
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 global pandemic brings about a new episode in the multi-layered political, economic and humanitarian crisis affecting Puerto Rico since 2006. The 14-years-long crisis has been marked by the U.S. and P.R. governments' imposition of a permanent state of exception to deal with an economic crisis, bankruptcy, hurricanes, swarms of earthquakes and a pandemic. This paper argues that uses of the state of exception and executive orders created a regime of permission for corruption, state-corporate crimes and human rights violations, while exacerbating the impact of the pandemic, and manufacturing the conditions for further disasters. The paper engages in a sociolegal analysis of the cases of corruption and state-corporate crimes in the procurement of COVID-19 test-kits and medical equipment, and the role of the pharmaceutical corporations in undermining PR's capacity to react to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Single photon counting compressive imaging using a generative model optimized via sampling and transfer learning
Authors: Gao Wei , Yan Qiu-Rong , Zhou Hui-Lin , Yang Sheng-Tao , Fang Zhe-Yu , Wang Yu-Hao
Published: January 2021

Single photon counting compressive imaging, a combination of single-pixel-imaging and single-photon-counting technology, is provided with low cost and ultra-high sensitivity. However, it requires a long imaging time when applying traditional compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithms. A deep-learning-based compressed reconstruction network refrains iterative computation while achieving efficient reconstruction. This paper proposes a compressed reconstruction network (OGTM) based on a generative model, adding sampling sub-network to achieve joint-optimization of sampling and generation for better reconstruction. To avoid the slow convergence caused by alternating training, initial weights of the sampling and generation sub-network are transferred from an autoencoder. The results indicate that the convergence speed and imaging quality are significantly improved. The OGTM validated on a single-photon compressive imaging system performs imaging experiments on specific and generalized targets. For specific targets, the results demonstrate that OGTM can quickly generate images from few measurements, and its reconstruction is better than the existing compressed sensing recovery algorithms, compensating defects of the generative models in compressed sensing.
Improved active fiber-based retroreflector with intensity stabilization and a polarization monitor for the near UV
Authors: Wirthl Vitaly , Maisenbacher Lothar , Weitenberg Johannes , Hertlein Alexander , Grinin Alexey , Matveev Arthur , Pohl Randolf , Hänsch Theodor W. , Udem Thomas
Published: January 2021

We present an improved active fiber-based retroreflector (AFR) providing high-quality wavefront-retracing anti-parallel laser beams in the near UV. We use our improved AFR for first-order Doppler-shift suppression in precision spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen, but our setup can be adapted to other applications where wavefront-retracing beams with defined laser polarization are important. We demonstrate how weak aberrations produced by the fiber collimator may remain unobserved in the intensity of the collimated beam but limit the performance of the AFR. Our general results on characterizing these aberrations with a caustic measurement can be applied to any system where a collimated high-quality laser beam is required. Extending the collimator design process by wave optics propagation tools, we achieved a four-lens collimator for the wavelength range 380–486 nm with the beam quality factor of M2 ≃ 1.02, limited only by the not exactly Gaussian beam profile from the single-mode fiber. Furthermore, we implemented precise fiber-collimator alignment and improved the collimation control by combining a precision motor with a piezo actuator. Moreover, we stabilized the intensity of the wavefront-retracing beams and added in-situ monitoring of polarization from polarimetry of the retroreflected light.
Model of Everyone is a Teacher Here: Solution to Build up Students’ Self-Confidence
Authors: Nashori Fuad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Self-confidence is an important aspect in dealing with learning processes at a university level. The current study aimed at qualitatively investigating the contributions of a learning model so-called “Everyone is a Teacher Here” (EITH) to the improvement of tertiary students’ self-confidence in learning. 30 students from Islamic Education Department at IAIN Curup were purposively engaged as the participants. Their self-confidence improvement was scrutinized using observation and in-depth interviews. The data revealed that EITH model was positively contributive to the improvement of students’ self-confidence in learning. In this respect, the students experienced improvements in terms of their courage to argue, ask, and answer questions. They also experienced improvements in terms of abilities to elaborate learning materials resting upon their confidence. The improvements of their confidence are also associated with the increases in learning responsibility and achievements.Keywords: self-confidence, learning, the model of everyone is a teacher hereAbstrak : Rasa percaya diri adalah aspek penting dalam menghadapi proses pembelajaran di tingkat universitas. Penelitian saat ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi secara kualitatif kontribusi model pembelajaran "Everyone is a Teacher Here” (EITH) terhadap peningkatan kepercayaan diri mahasiswa dalam belajar. 30 orang mahasiswa dari Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam di IAIN Curup dilibatkan sebagai partisipan. Peningkatan kepercayaan diri mereka diteliti dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Data mengungkapkan bahwa model EITH memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan kepercayaan diri mahasiswa dalam belajar. Dalam hal ini, para mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan dalam hal keberanian mereka untuk berargumen, bertanya, dan menjawab pertanyaan. Mereka juga mengalami peningkatan dalam hal kemampuan dalam menguraikan materi pembelajaran yang didasarkan pada kepercayaan diri mereka. Peningkatan kepercayaan diri mereka juga berasosiasi dengan peningkatan tanggung jawab dalam belajar dan hasil belajar mereka.Kata Kunci: rasa percaya diri, pembelajaran, model pembelajaran everyone is a teacher here
Admisión y selección académica en educación media superior
Authors: Hernández-Fernández Jimena
Published: January 2021

El artículo investiga si el uso de exámenes de ingreso o la admisión simple promueven una composición académica diferenciada en educación media superior (EMS) en México. El análisis se realiza con datos de PISA 2012 y explora cambios en la distribución de desempeño en Matemáticas de PISA 2012 entre los estudiantes de secundaria y EMS según proceso de admisión. Se utiliza análisis de diferencias de pendiente, prueba de bondad de ajuste de chi-cuadrada y regresión por cuartiles. Los resultados refutan las hipótesis iniciales ya que por un lado no se observa un incremento en la representación de estudiantes con mejores resultados académicos en las entidades que utilizan examen único sino una sub-representación de estudiantes con peores resultados académicos. Por otro, en las entidades que utilizan proceso de admisión simple se observan las mayores diferencias en el rendimiento académico entre quienes ya ingresaron a EMS y sus pares en secundaria. Así los resultados dan cuenta que en ambos procesos de admisión la representación de estudiantes ubicados en los quintiles más bajos de desempeño (1er quintil) disminuye de manera importante en EMS y que la admisión simple no parece promover transiciones educativas más igualitarias para estudiantes con desempeño académico distinto.
Hizmet öncesi öğretmen eğitiminde program geliştirme bilgisinin kazandırılması
Authors: Tan-Şişman Gülçin
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmada, son sınıf öğretmen adaylarının program geliştirmeye ilişkin sahip oldukları kuramsal bilgi düzeyleri, kendi alanlarına özgü öğretim programı bilgisi yeterlik algıları ve hizmet öncesi eğitim sürecinde aldıkları program geliştirme ve öğretim programı içerikli derslerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tarama deseninde yürütülen çalışmada, Ankara ilindeki iki devlet üniversitesinin 2017-2018 akademik yılında ilköğretim fen bilgisi, ilköğretim matematik, İngilizce ve sınıf öğretmenliği lisans programlarında öğrenim gören 473 son sınıf öğretmen adayına uygulanan Program Geliştirme Bilgi Testi ve Öğretim Programı Anketi aracılığıyla elde edilen veriler, betimleyici ve yordayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda hizmet öncesi öğretmen eğitimi sürecinde öğretmen adaylarına sunulan program geliştirme ve öğretim programı içerikli derslerin sınırlı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının öğretim programı bilgisi açısından kendilerini çok yeterli hissetmedikleri, program geliştirmeye ilişkin oldukça sınırlı ve yüzeysel bilgilere sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ışığında, program geliştirmenin öğretmen eğitimi lisans programlarının temel yeterliklerinden biri olarak kabul edilmesi ve ilgili tüm derslerin öğrenme-öğretme süreçleriyle bilinçli ve kasıtlı bir şekilde hem yatay hem de dikey düzlemde ilişkilendirilmesi önerilmektedir.
1926’dan 2018’e ilkokul/ilköğretim vatandaşlık, demokrasi ve insan hakları eğitimi programlarındaki değişim ve dönüşümler
Authors: Ulubey Özgür
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, 1926’dan 2018’e kadar geliştirilen vatandaşlık, demokrasi ve insan hakları eğitimi programları derinlemesine incelenmiş, bu süreçte programlarda ortaya çıkan değişim, dönüşüm ve gelişmelerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Doküman incelemesine dayalı nitel bir çalışma olan bu araştırma kapsamında 1926 ve 1936 yurt bilgisi programı, 1948 yurttaşlık bilgisi programı, 1968 sosyal bilgiler dersi içinde yer alan yurttaşlık bilgisi programı, 1998 ilköğretim vatandaşlık ve insan hakları eğitimi programı ve 2010 vatandaşlık ve demokrasi eğitimi programı ile 2015 ve 2018 insan hakları yurttaşlık ve demokrasi dersi öğretim programları incelenmiştir. Veriler doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılarak toplanmış, tümevarımsal içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, Cumhuriyet’in ilan edildiği ilk yıllarda vatandaşların devlete karşı görev ve sorumluluklarına ağırlık verildiği, vatan ve millet sevgisi üzerinde durulduğu görülmüştür. Bireylerin yeni kurulan devlete uyum sağlamaları ve devletin ilkelerini benimsemeleri hedeflenmiştir. 2000’li yılların başında Avrupa Birliği’ne katılım sürecindeki siyasi şartları yerine getirmek amacıyla demokrasi ile insan hak ve özgürlüklerine ilişkin yapılan düzenlemelerin programlara yansıdığı belirlenmiştir.
Border Location and Region Sustainable Development
Authors:   Amur State University, Lazareva Viktoria , Dyachenko Vladimir ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Vlasova Natalya ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to an urgent problem – the practice of utilization of the border location potential for the sustainable regional development. The interests of various groups of actors were taken into account analyzing the potential of the border location utilization. The methodology was tested on the example of the Amur Region, which has the longest border with China. The analysis revealed a significant underutilization of the border location potential. A significant change in the situation requires the implementation of actions at the federal and regional levels aimed at creating conditions for more efficient exploitation of the potential inherent in the border location of the region
Development of the Mineral Resources of the Jewish Autonomous Region: New Opportunities and Prospects
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Fayman Anton
Published: January 2021

The article presents an analysis of the opportunities and prospects for the development of mineral resources of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The mineral resource potential of the region was investigated, investment resource projects significant for the economy were identified and analyzed. A variant of the socio-economic development of the region due to the intensive development of mineral resources is proposed. A cognitive model of the region’s economy was built taking into account regional characteristics to assess the economic return of the proposed resource development option of the Jewish Autonomous Region
Forest Complex of the Far Eastern Federal District in the «New Format»: Opportunities and Problems of the Affiliated Territories
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Antonova Natalia
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the change in the parameters of the forest complex of the Far Eastern Federal District after the affiliation of the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Territory. Positive changes were revealed: an increase in forest resource potential, the appearance of a third redistribution of the complex, and an increase in the volume of export of processed products. The situation in the forest complexes of the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory is investigated. It was revealed that, despite the high quantitative indicators of production and export of woodworking products, its quality is generally low, while there is a high percentage of unaccounted production of forest products, illegal forest use, which leads to a decrease in returns on the forest complex for the national and regional economies
City Agglomerations: The Last Frontier?
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Minakir Pavel
Published: January 2021

The article was prepared on the basis of a communication at a scientific seminar devoted to a discussion of the problems and patterns of development of urban agglomerations in the light of one of the fundamental proposals of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025. The theoretical assumptions laid down in the development of the strategy are analyzed and the real consequences and possibilities of obtaining the designed results are estimated. The declared and actually pursued goals of exploiting agglomeration effects are compared as an institutional tool for creating a homogeneous economic space and increasing the productivity of economic resources in a macroeconomic context. The probability of achieving each of the options in the target area of the strategy is estimated
Agglomeration as a Tool and a Problem (Notes on the Margins of «Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation»)
Authors:   Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University, Kireev Anton
Published: January 2021

The article raises a number of scientific and practical problems, actualized by the widespread use of the «agglomeration» category in the text of «Spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025». The author presents his views on the place of agglomerations in the spatial structure of society, the difficulties of their interdisciplinary study, the methods for identifying agglomerations and describing their structure, the approaches to regulating agglomeration processes in Russia and its Far Eastern region. Attention is drawn to the risks associated with the high uncertainty of the consequences of strategic transformations of the Russian space