bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIF-1α in Myeloid Cells Promotes Adipose Tissue Remodeling Toward Insulin Resistance
Authors: Takikawa Akiko , Mahmood Arshad , Nawaz Allah , Kado Tomonobu , Okabe Keisuke , Yamamoto Seiji , Aminuddin Aminuddin , Senda Satoko , Tsuneyama Koichi , Ikutani Masashi , Watanabe Yasuharu , Igarashi Yoshiko , Nagai Yoshinori , Takatsu Kiyoshi , Koizumi Keiichi , Imura Johji , Goda Nobuhito , Sasahara Masakiyo , Matsumoto Michihiro , Saeki Kumiko , Nakagawa Takashi , Fujisaka Shiho , Usui Isao , Tobe Kazuyuki
Published: September 2016

Adipose tissue hypoxia is an important feature of pathological adipose tissue expansion. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in adipocytes reportedly induces oxidative stress and fibrosis, rather than neoangiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. We previously reported that macrophages in crown-like structures (CLSs) are both hypoxic and inflammatory. In the current study, we examined how macrophage HIF-1α is involved in high-fat diet (HFD)–induced inflammation, neovascularization, hypoxia, and insulin resistance using mice with myeloid cell–specific HIF-1α deletion that were fed an HFD. Myeloid cell–specific HIF-1α gene deletion protected against HFD-induced inflammation, CLS formation, poor vasculature development in the adipose tissue, and systemic insulin resistance. Despite a reduced expression of Vegfa in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), the preadipocytes and endothelial cells of HIF-1α–deficient mice expressed higher levels of angiogenic factors, including Vegfa, Angpt1, Fgf1, and Fgf10 in accordance with preferable eWAT remodeling. Our in vitro study revealed that lipopolysaccharide-treated bone marrow–derived macrophages directly inhibited the expression of angiogenic factors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Thus, macrophage HIF-1α is involved not only in the formation of CLSs, further enhancing the inflammatory responses, but also in the inhibition of neoangiogenesis in preadipocytes. We concluded that these two pathways contribute to the obesity-related physiology of pathological adipose tissue expansion, thus causing systemic insulin resistance.
Peripheral Blood Transcriptomic Signatures of Fasting Glucose and Insulin Concentrations
Authors: Chen Brian H. , Hivert Marie-France , Peters Marjolein J. , Pilling Luke C. , Hogan John D. , Pham Lisa M. , Harries Lorna W. , Fox Caroline S. , Bandinelli Stefania , Dehghan Abbas , Hernandez Dena G. , Hofman Albert , Hong Jaeyoung , Joehanes Roby , Johnson Andrew D. , Munson Peter J. , Rybin Denis V. , Singleton Andrew B. , Uitterlinden André G. , Ying Saixia ,   MAGIC Investigators, Melzer David , Levy Daniel , van Meurs Joyce B.J. , Ferrucci Luigi , Florez Jose C. , Dupuis Josée , Meigs James B. , Kolaczyk Eric D.
Published: September 2016

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified genetic loci associated with glycemic traits. However, characterizing the functional significance of these loci has proven challenging. We sought to gain insights into the regulation of fasting insulin and fasting glucose through the use of gene expression microarray data from peripheral blood samples of participants without diabetes in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (n = 5,056), the Rotterdam Study (RS) (n = 723), and the InCHIANTI Study (Invecchiare in Chianti) (n = 595). Using a false discovery rate q <0.05, we identified three transcripts associated with fasting glucose and 433 transcripts associated with fasting insulin levels after adjusting for age, sex, technical covariates, and complete blood cell counts. Among the findings, circulating IGF2BP2 transcript levels were positively associated with fasting insulin in both the FHS and RS. Using 1000 Genomes–imputed genotype data, we identified 47,587 cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and 6,695 trans-eQTL associated with the 433 significant insulin-associated transcripts. Of note, we identified a trans-eQTL (rs592423), where the A allele was associated with higher IGF2BP2 levels and with fasting insulin in an independent genetic meta-analysis comprised of 50,823 individuals. We conclude that integration of genomic and transcriptomic data implicate circulating IGF2BP2 mRNA levels associated with glucose and insulin homeostasis.
A cytomorphometric analysis of the oral mucosa in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lamichhane RS , Boaz K , Natrajan S , Shrestha M
Published: September 2016

Background:  Although many of the pathological conditions of oral mucosa are clinically distinguishable, most lesions require a definitive diagnosis. This article tried the use of exfoliative cytology as an alternative tool in the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: After rinsing the mouth with normal saline, slides were prepared from buccal mucosa and dorsum of tongue and fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and Acridine orange. Fifty clearly defined cells in each slide were visualized under light microscope for cytomorphometric analysis of cells using Image J software and under fluorescence microscope for assessment of nuclear alterations like micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleation, multinucleation and karyorrhexis.Results: Statistically significant increase in Nuclear area BM (p = 0.000057), Nuclear Area Tongue (p= 0.0000113), total Nuclear Area (p= 000079), Cellular Area BM (p= 0.0475), Cellular Area Tongue (p= 0.0105), Total Cellular Area (p= 0.00496), Cytoplasmic Area Tongue (p= 0.00358), Total Cytoplasmic Area (p= 0.00268) were obtained from epithelial cells in the diabetic group when compared with the control group. Also the epithelial cells from the diabetic group showed features such as nuclear budding, micronuclei, binucleation, karyorrhexis and perinuclear halo. Conclusion:  The objective demonstration of cytomorphometric and nuclear alterations by the oral exfoliated cells indicate the presence of cytological changes in the oral mucosa of diabetic patients despite the apparently normal clinical appearance. Hence, cytomorphometric analysis would aid the health professional as an additional non-invasive tool for the screening and monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus.
Changing perspective on tissue processing - comparison of microwave histoprocessing method with the conventional method
Authors: Shrestha G , Karki S , Pradhan A
Published: September 2016

Background: Histopathological examination of tissues requires sliver of formalin fixed tissue that has been chemically processed and then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The time honored conventional method of tissue processing, which requires 12 to 13 hours for completion, is employed at majority of laboratories but is now seeing the
Primary intraosseous lymphoma at right femur
Authors: Upadhyaya P , Karki S , Paudyal P , Shrestha G , Shrestha A , Bastakoti S
Published: September 2016

Lymphomas, the malignant neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic system, are classified based on characterisitic morphological pattern, immunophenotypic pattern and sometimes distinctive chromosomal aberrations. Most of the intraosseous lymphomas should be metastatic, and primary intraosseous lymphoma is a rare type of lymphoma, which accounts for only about 5% extranodal lymphoma. It accounts for approximately 3% of all primary bone malignancies.We report a case of 54 years lady presented with pain over  right thigh since 3 to 4 months which suddenly increased. The clinico-radiological differential diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia, plasmacytoma or metastasis.The histological findings and immunohistochemistry being positive for CD20 and BCL2 negative are those of Lymphoma- Diffuse large B cell type. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred modality of management.
‘Old Age’ Films: Golden Retirement, Dispossession and Disturbance
Authors: Dolan Josephine
Published: September 2016

In its reliance on old age protagonists and storylines and a cohort of pensionable actors, an emerging cycle of British films (including Last Orders (2001), Iris (2001), The Mother (2003), The Queen (2006), The Iron Lady (2011), Quartet (2012) along with The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012) and its 2015 sequel) addresses many concerns related to the ageing population and ‘crisis of ageing’ discourse, whilst projecting certain troubling ideologies. In the play between cultural and generic verisimilitude, these films illuminate the inclusions and exclusions of the Thatcherite, neo-liberal, golden retirement dream in both pre- and post-crash contexts, whilst storylines and actors' ongoing careers combine to normalise the deferred retirement policies and extended working lives resulting from the 2008 banking crisis. This article argues that these films both utilise and disturb dominant stereotypes of old age. However, in turn, these disturbances are troublingly neo-colonialist, heteronormative and postfeminist.
Plasmonic and Dielectric Metasurfaces: Design, Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Wang Jian , Du Jing
Published: September 2016

Two-dimensional metasurfaces are widely focused on for their ability for flexible light manipulation (phase, amplitude, polarization) over sub-wavelength propagation distances. Most of the metasurfaces can be divided into two categories by the material type of unit structure, i.e., plasmonic metasurfaces and dielectric metasurfaces. For plasmonic metasurfaces, they are made on the basis of metallic meta-atoms whose optical responses are driven by the plasmon resonances supported by metallic particles. For dielectric metasurfaces, the unit structure is constructed with high refractive index dielectric resonators, such as silicon, germanium or tellurium, which can support electric and magnetic dipole responses based on Mie resonances. The responses of plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces are all relevant to the characteristics of unit structure, such as dimensions and materials. One can manipulate the electromagnetic field of light wave scattered by the metasurfaces through designing the dimension parameters of each unit structure in the metasurfaces. In this review article, we give a brief overview of our recent progress in plasmonic and dielectric metasurface-assisted nanophotonic devices and their design, fabrication and applications, including the metasurface-based broadband and the selective generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying vector beams, N-fold OAM multicasting using a V-shaped antenna array, a metasurface on conventional optical fiber facet for linearly-polarized mode (LP11) generation, graphene split-ring metasurface-assisted terahertz coherent perfect absorption, OAM beam generation using a nanophotonic dielectric metasurface array, as well as Bessel beam generation and OAM multicasting using a dielectric metasurface array. It is believed that metasurface-based nanophotonic devices are one of the devices with the most potential applied in various fields, such as beam steering, spatial light modulator, nanoscale-resolution imaging, sensing, quantum optics devices and even optical communication networks.
Sparse Trajectory Prediction Based on Multiple Entropy Measures
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Leijun , Xia Zhanguo , Li Wen , Fan Qingfu
Published: September 2016

Trajectory prediction is an important problem that has a large number of applications. A common approach to trajectory prediction is based on historical trajectories. However, existing techniques suffer from the “data sparsity problem”. The available historical trajectories are far from enough to cover all possible query trajectories. We propose the sparsity trajectory prediction algorithm based on multiple entropy measures (STP-ME) to address the data sparsity problem. Firstly, the moving region is iteratively divided into a two-dimensional plane grid graph, and each trajectory is represented as a grid sequence with temporal information. Secondly, trajectory entropy is used to evaluate trajectory’s regularity, the L-Z entropy estimator is implemented to calculate trajectory entropy, and a new trajectory space is generated through trajectory synthesis. We define location entropy and time entropy to measure the popularity of locations and timeslots respectively. Finally, a second-order Markov model that contains a temporal dimension is adopted to perform sparse trajectory prediction. The experiments show that when trip completed percentage increases towards 90%, the coverage of the baseline algorithm decreases to almost 25%, while the STP-ME algorithm successfully copes with it as expected with only an unnoticeable drop in coverage, and can constantly answer almost 100% of query trajectories. It is found that the STP-ME algorithm improves the prediction accuracy generally by as much as 8%, 3%, and 4%, compared to the baseline algorithm, the second-order Markov model (2-MM), and sub-trajectory synthesis (SubSyn) algorithm, respectively. At the same time, the prediction time of STP-ME algorithm is negligible (10 μ s ), greatly outperforming the baseline algorithm (100 ms ).
Maintenance Maneuver Automation for an Adapted Cylindrical Shape TEC
Authors: Morales Rafael , Fernández Lorenzo , Segura Eva , Somolinos José
Published: September 2016

Several manufacturers have developed devices with which to harness tidal/current power in areas where the depth does not exceed 40 m. These are the so-called first generation Tidal Energy Converters (TEC), and they are usually fixed to the seabed by gravity. When carrying out maintenance tasks on these devices it is, therefore, necessary to remove the nacelles from their bases and raise them to the surface of the sea. They must subsequently be placed back on their bases. These tasks require special high performance ships, signifying high maintenance costs. The automation of emersion and immersion maneuvers will undoubtedly lead to lower costs, given that ships with less demanding requirements will be required for the aforementioned maintenance tasks. This research presents a simple two degrees of freedom dynamic model that can be used to control a first generation TEC that has been conceived of to harness energy from marine currents. The control of the system is carried out by means of a water ballast system located inside the nacelle of the main power unit and is used as an actuator to produce buoying vertical forces. A nonlinear control law based on a decoupling term for the closed loop depth and/or orientation control is also proposed in order to ensure adequate behavior when the TEC performs emersion and immersion maneuvers with only hydrostatic buoyancy forces. The control scheme is composed of an inner loop consisting of a linear and decoupled input/output relationship and the vector of friction and compressibility terms and an outer loop that operates with the tracking error vector in order to ensure the asymptotically exponential stability of the TEC posture. Finally, the effectiveness of the dynamic model and the controller approach is demonstrated by means of numerical simulations when the TEC is carrying out an emersion maneuver for the development of general maintenance tasks and an emersion maneuver for blade-cleaning maintenance tasks.
Effect of Flavonoids on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Adults at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suen Jenni , Thomas Jolene , Kranz Amelia , Vun Simon , Miller Michelle
Published: September 2016

Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory processes initiate the first stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flavonoid consumption has been related to significantly improved flow-mediated dilation and blood pressure. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are thought to be involved. The effect of flavonoids on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, in at risk individuals is yet to be reviewed. Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and SCOPUS databases. Randomised controlled trials in a Western country providing a food-based flavonoid intervention to participants with one or two modifiable risk factors for CVD measuring a marker of OS and/or inflammation, were included. Reference lists were hand-searched. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess study quality. The search strategy retrieved 1248 articles. Nineteen articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Eight studies were considered at low risk of bias. Cocoa flavonoids provided to Type 2 diabetics and olive oil flavonoids to mildly-hypertensive women reduced OS and inflammation. Other food sources had weaker effects. No consistent effect on OS and inflammation across patients with varied CVD risk factors was observed. Study heterogeneity posed a challenge for inter-study comparisons. Rigorously designed studies will assist in determining the effectiveness of flavonoid interventions for reducing OS and inflammation in patients at risk of CVD.
Correlations of Hepatic Hemodynamics, Liver Function, and Fibrosis Markers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Comparison with Chronic Hepatitis Related to Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Shigefuku Ryuta , Takahashi Hideaki , Nakano Hiroyasu , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Matsunaga Kotaro , Matsumoto Nobuyuki , Kato Masaki , Morita Ryo , Michikawa Yousuke , Tamura Tomohiro , Hiraishi Tetsuya , Hattori Nobuhiro , Noguchi Yohei , Nakahara Kazunari , Ikeda Hiroki , Ishii Toshiya , Okuse Chiaki , Sase Shigeru , Itoh Fumio , Suzuki Michihiro
Published: September 2016

The progression of chronic liver disease differs by etiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in disease progression between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by means of fibrosis markers, liver function, and hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF). Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) was performed in 139 patients with NAFLD and 152 patients with CHC (including liver cirrhosis (LC)). The cutoff values for fibrosis markers were compared between NAFLD and CHC, and correlations between hepatic TBF and liver function tests were examined at each fibrosis stage. The cutoff values for detection of the advanced fibrosis stage were lower in NAFLD than in CHC. Although portal venous TBF (PVTBF) correlated with liver function tests, PVTBF in initial LC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) was significantly lower than that in hepatitis C virus (C-LC) (p = 0.014). Conversely, the liver function tests in NASH-LC were higher than those in C-LC (p < 0.05). It is important to recognize the difference between NAFLD and CHC. We concluded that changes in hepatic blood flow occurred during the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; therefore, patients with NAFLD need to be followed carefully.
Targeted Cancer Therapy: Vital Oncogenes and a New Molecular Genetic Paradigm for Cancer Initiation Progression and Treatment
Authors: Willis Rudolph
Published: September 2016

It has been declared repeatedly that cancer is a result of molecular genetic abnormalities. However, there has been no working model describing the specific functional consequences of the deranged genomic processes that result in the initiation and propagation of the cancer process during carcinogenesis. We no longer need to question whether or not cancer arises as a result of a molecular genetic defect within the cancer cell. The legitimate questions are: how and why? This article reviews the preeminent data on cancer molecular genetics and subsequently proposes that the sentinel event in cancer initiation is the aberrant production of fused transcription activators with new molecular properties within normal tissue stem cells. This results in the production of vital oncogenes with dysfunctional gene activation transcription properties, which leads to dysfunctional gene regulation, the aberrant activation of transduction pathways, chromosomal breakage, activation of driver oncogenes, reactivation of stem cell transduction pathways and the activation of genes that result in the hallmarks of cancer. Furthermore, a novel holistic molecular genetic model of cancer initiation and progression is presented along with a new paradigm for the approach to personalized targeted cancer therapy, clinical monitoring and cancer diagnosis.
Androgen Receptor Expression in Thai Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chottanapund Suthat , Van Duursen M. , Ratchaworapong Kumpol , Navasumrit Panida , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Van den Berg Martin
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and related factors of androgen receptor (AR) expression in Thai breast cancer patients. A descriptive study was done in 95 patients, who were admitted to Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Bangkok (2011–2013). Statistical relationships were examined between AR protein expression, tumor status, and patient characteristics. Compared with those from Western countries, ethnic Thai patients were younger at age of diagnosis and had a higher proliferative index (high Ki-67 expression), which indicates unfavorable prognosis. In addition, 91% of the Thai breast tumors that were positive for any of the following receptors, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) also expressed the AR protein, while in triple negative breast tumors only 33% were AR positive. ER and PR expression was positively related with AR expression, while AR expression was inversely correlated to Ki-67 expression. AR status was strongly correlated with ER and PR status in Thai patients. There is an inverse relationship between Ki-67 and AR, which suggests that AR may be a prognostic factor for breast cancer.
Long-Term Continuous Double Station Observation of Faint Meteor Showers
Authors: Vítek Stanislav , Páta Petr , Koten Pavel , Fliegel Karel
Published: September 2016

Meteor detection and analysis is an essential topic in the field of astronomy. In this paper, a high-sensitivity and high-time-resolution imaging device for the detection of faint meteoric events is presented. The instrument is based on a fast CCD camera and an image intensifier. Two such instruments form a double-station observation network. The MAIA (Meteor Automatic Imager and Analyzer) system has been in continuous operation since 2013 and has successfully captured hundreds of meteors belonging to different meteor showers, as well as sporadic meteors. A data processing pipeline for the efficient processing and evaluation of the massive amount of video sequences is also introduced in this paper.
Impact and Mitigation of Nutrient Pollution and Overland Water Flow Change on the Florida Everglades, USA
Authors: Schade-Poole Kristin , Möller Gregory
Published: September 2016

A subtropical watershed and wetland covering nearly 47,000 km2 in the southeastern United States, the Florida Everglades is a degraded, human-dominated environment. As a unique and important ecosystem, the Everglades provide a variety of important environmental services for society and nature. Over the past century and a half, anthropogenic actions have severely impacted the Everglades by disrupting the natural water flow and causing water pollution. As a result, the native flora and fauna have been displaced, important habitats have been lost, invasive species have become prevalent, and water contaminant concentrations have increased. Accelerating efforts are being made towards preserving the Everglades ecosystem by restoring water flow and improving water quality. To explore this complex and important aquatic ecosystem, we critically review the relevant environmental history, major terrestrial and aquatic characteristics and dynamics, engineered changes to water flow, major sources and impacts of nutrient pollution, trends in system response to pollution and mitigation actions, and recent regulatory efforts driving restoration.
Approaches to Regularized Regression – A Comparison between Gradient Boosting and the Lasso
Authors: Schmid Matthias , Gefeller Olaf , Waldmann Elisabeth , Mayr Andreas , Hepp Tobias
Published: September 2016

Background: Penalization and regularization techniques for statistical modeling have attracted increasing attention in biomedical research due to their advantages in the presence of high-dimensional data. A special focus lies on algorithms that incorporate automatic variable selection like the least absolute shrinkage operator (lasso) or statistical boosting techniques. Objectives: Focusing on the linear regression framework, this article compares the two most-common techniques for this task, the lasso and gradient boosting, both from a methodological and a practical perspective. Methods: We describe these methods highlighting under which circumstances their results will coincide in low-dimensional settings. In addition, we carry out extensive simulation studies comparing the performance in settings with more predictors than observations and investigate multiple combinations of noise-to-signal ratio and number of true non-zero coeffcients. Finally, we examine the impact of different tuning methods on the results. Results: Both methods carry out penalization and variable selection for possibly highdimensional data, often resulting in very similar models. An advantage of the lasso is its faster run-time, a strength of the boosting concept is its modular nature, making it easy to extend to other regression settings. Conclusions: Although following different strategies with respect to optimization and regularization, both methods imply similar constraints to the estimation problem leading to a comparable performance regarding prediction accuracy and variable selection in practice.
Pitch Matching between Electrical Stimulation of a Cochlear Implant and Acoustic Stimuli Presented to a Contralateral Ear with Residual Hearing
Authors: Tan Chin-Tuan , Martin Brett , Svirsky Mario A.
Published: September 2016

Background:Cochlear implants (CIs) successfully restore hearing in postlingually deaf adults, but in doing so impose a frequency-position function in the cochlea that may differ from the physiological one.Purpose:The CI-imposed frequency-position function is determined
by the frequency allocation table programmed into the listener's speech processor and by the location of the electrode array along the cochlea. To what extent can postlingually deaf CI users successfully adapt to the difference between physiological and CI-imposed frequency-position functions?Research
Design:We attempt to answer the question by combining behavioral measures of electroacoustic pitch matching (PM) and measures of electrode location within the cochlea.Study Sample:The participants in this study were 16 adult CI users with residual hearing who could match the pitch
of acoustic pure tones presented to their unimplanted ears to the pitch resulting from stimulation of different CI electrodes.Data Collection and Analysis:We obtained data for four to eight apical electrodes from 16 participants with CIs (most of whom were long-term users), and estimated
electrode insertion angle for 12 of these participants. PM functions in this group were compared with the two frequency-position functions discussed above.Results:Taken together, the findings were consistent with the possibility that adaptation to the frequency-position function imposed
by CIs does happen, but it is not always complete.Conclusions:Some electrodes continue to be perceived as higher pitched than the acoustic frequencies with which they are associated despite years of listening experience after cochlear implantation.
SELF-DESTRUCTING SPIRAL WAVES: GLOBAL SIMULATIONS OF A SPIRAL-WAVE INSTABILITY IN ACCRETION DISKS
Authors: Bae Jaehan , Nelson Richard P. , Hartmann Lee , Richard Samuel
Published: September 2016

We present results from a suite of three-dimensional global hydrodynamic simulations that shows that spiral density waves propagating in circumstellar disks are unstable to the growth of a parametric instability that leads to break down of the flow into turbulence. This spiral wave instability (SWI) arises from a resonant interaction between pairs of inertial waves, or inertial-gravity waves, and the background spiral wave. The development of the instability in the linear regime involves the growth of a broad spectrum of inertial modes, with growth rates on the order of the orbital time, and results in a nonlinear saturated state in which turbulent velocity perturbations are of a similar magnitude to those induced by the spiral wave. The turbulence induces angular momentum transport and vertical mixing at a rate that depends locally on the amplitude of the spiral wave (we obtain a stress parameter α ∼ 5 × 10−4 in our reference model). The instability is found to operate in a wide range of disk models, including those with isothermal or adiabatic equations of state, and in viscous disks where the dimensionless kinematic viscosity ν ≤ 10−5. This robustness suggests that the instability will have applications to a broad range of astrophysical disk-related phenomena, including those in close binary systems, planets embedded in protoplanetary disks (including Jupiter in our own solar system) and FU Orionis outburst models. Further work is required to determine the nature of the instability and to evaluate its observational consequences in physically more complete disk models than we have considered in this paper.
HERSCHEL/HIFI SPECTRAL MAPPING OF C+, CH+, AND CH IN ORION BN/KL: THE PREVAILING ROLE OF ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION IN CH+ FORMATION
Authors: Morris Patrick W. , Gupta Harshal , Nagy Zsofia , Pearson John C. , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Falgarone Edith , Lis Dariusz C. , Gerin Maryvonne , Melnick Gary , Neufeld David A. , Bergin Edwin A.
Published: September 2016

The CH+ ion is a key species in the initial steps of interstellar carbon chemistry. Its formation in diverse environments where it is observed is not well understood, however, because the main production pathway is so endothermic (4280 K) that it is unlikely to proceed at the typical temperatures of molecular clouds. We investigate the formation of this highly reactive molecule with the first velocity-resolved spectral mapping of the CH+
J = 1−0, 2−1 rotational transitions, three sets of CH Λ-doubled triplet lines, 12C+ and 13C+

, and CH3OH 835 GHz E-symmetry Q-branch transitions, obtained with Herschel/HIFI over a region of ≈12 arcmin2 centered on the Orion BN/KL source. We present the spatial morphologies and kinematics, cloud boundary conditions, excitation temperatures, column densities, and 12C+ optical depths. Emission from all of C+, CH+, and CH is indicated to arise in the diluted gas, outside the explosive, dense BN/KL outflow. Our models show that UV irradiation provides favorable conditions for steady-state production of CH+ in this environment. Surprisingly, no spatial or kinematic correspondences of the observed species are found with H2
S(1) emission tracing shocked gas in the outflow. We propose that C+ is being consumed by rapid production of CO to explain the lack of both C+ and CH+ in the outflow. Hence, in star-forming environments containing sources of shocks and strong UV radiation, a description of the conditions leading to CH+ formation and excitation is incomplete without including the important—possibly dominant—role of UV irradiation.
Her2/neu Protein Expression and Oncogene Amplification in Gastric Carcinoma with Clinico-Pathological Correlation in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Abdel Hadi Ahmed , El Hindawi Ali , Hareedy Amal , Khalil Heba , Al Ashiry Ranya , Elia Shady , Sadek Ahmed , Magdy Mona , Atta Rafatt , Anas Amgad , Bakr Hisham , Hammam Olfat
Published: September 2016

AIM: Amplification of the Her2/neu gene and overexpression of the Her2/neu protein in gastric carcinoma (GC) is a golden criterion for target therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin). We aim to evaluate the immunohistochemical protein expression and amplification of the oncogene Her2/neu by FISH technique in the epithelial gastric carcinoma and to compare their association with different clinicopathologic parameters aiming at identifying positive cases that may benefit from targeted therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done on eighty-five tumour tissue samples from patients with GC as well as thirty non-malignant lesions (Gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia). All were immunohistochemically stained with Her2/neu antibody.RESULTS: All equivocal and some selected GC cases were submitted for FISH technique to detect Her2/neu gene amplification. By immunohistochemistry twenty-three cases (27%) were defined as positive for Her2/neu gene amplification and/or protein overexpression. The levels of Her2/neu positive (3+), Her2/neu equivocal (2+) and Her2/neu negative (1+/0) were measurable in 14.2%, 32.9% and 52.9% of the samples, respectively. FISH showed that Her2/neu gene was amplified in 22 cases, 10 Her2/neu positive (3+), 11 (39.3%) Her2/neu equivocal (2+) and 1 Her2/neu negative (1+) cases with IHC staining those who can benefit from anti Her2/neu target therapy. Her2/neu was overexpressed positivity (3+) more in intestinal type and mixed carcinoma, and moderately differentiated tumours. None of gastritis, intestinal metaplasia or adenoma with low-grade dysplasia cases showed positivity for Her2/neu (3+). The Her2/neu positivity (3+) was associated with both adenocarcinoma cases and high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the necessity of FISH test for further categorization when gastric cancer cases are equivocal (2+) by IHC to determine eligibility for the targeted therapy. Stepwise increase in the expression of Her2/neu was seen in low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma cases implying its role in cancer evolution. Overexpression of Her 2/neu in GC patients can be promising in selecting those who can get beneï¬t from anti-Her2/neu target therapy.
Análise da influência do tempo de prática de diferentes exercícios físicos nas variáveis saúde e qualidade de vida
Authors: Passos Isabelle Da Silva , Borba-Pinheiro Claudio Joaquim
Published: September 2016

OBJETIVO: Comparar e correlacionar o tempo de prática (TP), o nível de atividade física (AF), índice de massa corporal (IMC) e qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres idosas que praticavam diferentes modalidades de exercícios.MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta de 48 idosas que praticavam exercícios: hidroginástica (n=15; 69,4±5,4 anos); ginástica aeróbica (n=15; 64,6±7,9 anos) e treinamento resistido (TR) (n=18; 64,1±7,6 anos). Realizou-se avaliações antropométricas e aplicação dos questionários International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) para o nível de AF e SF-36 para a QV. A ANOVA one-way ou Kruskal-Wallis, além da matriz de correlação de Pearson foram usadas para análise estatística.RESULTADOS: Para IMC, nível de AF e QV não houve diferença (p<0,05) entre os grupos. Para TP, os grupos hidroginástica e ginástica foram diferentes (p<0,05) em relação ao TR. Houve correlação estatística para TP vs. frequência de caminhar/semana (r=0,55; p=0,03) e TP vs. frequência de atividade vigorosa/semana (r=0,57; p=0,03) no grupo hidroginástica, onde esta última correlação também ocorreu no grupo de ginástica (r=0,62; p=0,03).CONCLUSÃO: Os grupos hidroginástica e ginástica tiveram mais TP comparado ao TR, porém para IMC e QV nenhuma correlação ou diferença (p<0,05) foi evidenciada. Embora, haja associações com o nível de AF, não é possível afirmar que o TP de exercício determinou os melhores resultados ou associações para IMC e para QV.
AVALIAÇÃO DE APROVEITAMENTO DOS RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE BRIQUETES ECOLÓGICOS
Authors: Burkot Claudio Roberto , Ahrens Rudy De Barros
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho avaliou o potencial de aproveitamento dos resíduos agrícolas em uma Cooperativa no Município de Ponta Grossa – Paraná. O trabalho expõe assuntos sobre agronegócio, resíduos agroindustriais, biomassa, energia renovável, lenha ecológica, reaproveitamento do resíduo e confecção de briquetes. Para uma maior compreensão e enriquecimento da pesquisa foram abordados assuntos como a origem de resíduos agrícolas, levantamento do volume de resíduos, transformação dos resíduos em briquetes, reaproveitamento da soja que por problemas no processo tenha sido descartada como lixo, avaliação da unidade existente na Cooperativa para briquetagem, posteriormente, foi avaliada a queima de briquetes com cavaco e lenha. O emprego de resíduos agrícolas como biomassa combustível para geração de energia transformados em briquetes pode ser uma solução para os problemas relacionados à sua disposição. Este estudo está baseado na técnica de pesquisa, classificando-a como básica, qualitativa exploratória, usando como procedimentos técnicos a revisão bibliográfica e o estudo de caso. Objetivou-se verificar a quantidade de resíduos que surge durante o processo de padronização de grãos na Cooperativa, analisando a estrutura existente na Cooperativa para confecção de briquetes e, por fim, avaliar a destinação dos resíduos que são transformados em briquetes. Com os resultados obtidos ficou comprovado que o reaproveitamento do resíduo, considerado como lixo, mostrou-se de extrema importância como energia renovável, gerando economia e com a destinação correta para a Cooperativa que trabalha com prestação de serviços na padronização das commodities, eliminou-se passível ambiental, agregando valor, como já tinha toda estrutura, a empresa revisou e comprou a máquina para briquetagem.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA DE BARREIRO UTILIZADA NO FABRICO DE QUEIJO ARTESANAL EM JUCATI – PE
Authors: De Freitas Filho João Rufino , De Souza Filho João Sales , De Moraes Cavalcanti Phelipe Matheus , Cordeiro Bezerra Janieire Dorlamis , De Freitas Juliano Carlo Rufino , Rufino de Freitas Jucleiton José , De Freitas Jucarlos Rufino
Published: September 2016

A avaliação da qualidade da água de barreiro utilizada pela população de Jucati – Pernambuco é relevante tanto para o fabrico de queijo coalho, quanto para a saúde humana. Desse modo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar as características físico-químicas (condutividade elétrica temperatura, pH, alcalinidade, dureza, turbidez, cor e cloretos) e microbiológicas (coliformes fecais) de amostras de águas barreiro utilizada no fabrico de queijo coalho no município de Jucati -Pernambuco. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas demonstraram que as amostras de água, estão dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pelas legislações vigentes. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas demonstraram que as amostras de água, estão dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pelas legislações vigentes. Porém, a amostra 3 foi considerada reprovada em relação ao nível de pH, com valor 4,83. Os resultados microbiológicos identificaram que as amostras de água no período seco encontram-se dentro dos padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação, apresentando ausência de coliformes.
Food safety and quality control in a supermarket chain in Teresina-PI
Authors: Severo Juliana Soares , Andrade Ana Letícia Pereira , Lima Edmara Mayara Holanda , Cunha Fernanda Bezerra da , Oliveira Hylla Mayra Rego , Rego Ruana Karoliny do , Morais Jennifer Beatriz Silva , Silva Adriano Soares da , Eulálio Juliana Maria Libório , Martins Luana Mota
Published: September 2016

The food market grew circumstantially in recent years and the quality of services and products is the distinguishing factor among many companies in the field of food. The Foodborne Diseases (FD) are serious public health problem, and it is in this context that it becomes important to ensure food hygiene as a priority component of food safety. The objective was to evaluate the physical and structural hygiene fridge, cold, bakery and FFV (Fresh Fruits and Vegetables) in a supermarket chain sectors Teresina-PI conditions. Selected at random ten supermarkets located in four zones of the city that were evaluated through a check-list containing questions relating to health and hygiene handler, facilities and equipment. It was found that, as to the adequacy, no area was classified as poor, with the best grades were supermarkets B, F and C, belonging to different parts of the city. The adjustments ranged from fair to good, showing a concern for the quality control in some supermarkets while, in others, leaving a little aside this issue, which is worrying, since the quality of food is the key point health of human beings.
Agricultural cooperatives in netchains
Authors: Iliopoulos C. , Cook M.L. , Chaddad F.
Published: September 2016

This special issue of the Journal on Chain and Network Science on ‘Agricultural cooperatives in netchains’ includes new research on three research themes: (1) explanation of why are cooperatives particularly important in certain food netchains; (2) willingness of farmers to invest in their cooperative’s netchain; and (3) the role of ambidexterity in the emergence of multi-stakeholder cooperatives. The issue is organized into six papers; one editorial and five research papers. The findings reported in this issue inform scholarly work on agricultural cooperatives through multiple theoretical lenses and empirical approaches. They also have important managerial and public policy implications.
Performing as video game players in Let's Plays
Authors: Nguyen Josef
Published: September 2016

This article examines the fan practice of Let's Plays—video recordings that video game players create of themselves playing that include live commentary or riffing. I argue that the riffing accompanying game play footage in Let's Plays highlights how players play idiosyncratically by constructing and performing game-playing personalities. These videos emphasize the performative nature of video game players as fans who actively negotiate with the video games that they play through presentations of individual playing styles and experiences. I show that in accounting for how and why they play the way that they do, Let's Players demonstrate what I suggest are various modes of playing in which players can engage with video games generally. Consequently, creating, sharing, and discussing Let's Plays can render visible a wider diversity of game-playing identities, experiences, and styles.
El pensamiento político de la Contrarreforma y la razón de estado
Authors: Ivo Comparato Vittor
Published: September 2016

Este artículo reconstruye la historia del pensamiento político de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI a las primeras décadas del siglo XVII: un período de fuertes conflictos entre la esfera religiosa y los cambios políticos de los estados más avanzados hacia el absolutismo. El análisis de la polémica contra Maquiavelo, Bodin, y los politiques muestra como fueron cuestionados en el plano conceptual la autonomía de la política de la moral religiosa y en el plano práctico la tendencia de los estados a sustraerse del control eclesiástico. Las corrientes de pensamiento que se analizan aquí –del antimaquiavelismo a la literatura encomiástica de los gobiernos existentes, del tacitismo a la razón de Estado, hasta las escrituras críticas de la sociedad como la utopía- perfilan por un lado el esfuerzo de conservar una imagen de la política como gobierno justo, con un príncipe virtuoso, pero por el otro el inevitable compromiso con las praxis del realismo político, bien representado por la evolución del concepto de razón de Estado en Botero y en otros escritores del siglo XVII. Fue sólo con la llegada del derecho natural moderno, que puso en primer plano la cuestión del origen y los fines de la sociedad civil, que el pensamiento político se sustrajo en parte de la discusión sobre el eterno conflicto entre moral y praxis política para abrir la era de la investigación racional y científica y de los derechos individuales.
Política contrarreformista e imagen anti-luterana en Nueva España
Authors: Mayer Alicia
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo analiza el pensamiento político de la Contrarreforma en el contexto del México colonial. En la sociedad novohispana, la figura del reformador alemán, Martín Lutero sirvió no sólo como un elemento de propaganda contra la reforma protestante, sino como antítesis de los valores culturales e ideológicos de los católicos novohispanos, principalmente de los criollos. Consecuentemente aquí se analiza la ideología contrarreformista y sus valores a través del discurso anti luterano desde el punto de vista historiográfico, el teológico y el iconográfico.
Ni escolásticos ni jansenistas: Filosofía moral en el Nápoles de la Contrarreforma
Authors: Luna-Fabritius Adriana
Published: September 2016

Este artículo revela elementos clave del mapa intelectual napolitano de la era de la Contrarreforma, que fue uno de los más complejos y fascinantes de la historia Italiana en los albores de la Ilustración. El objetivo es restablecer el lugar tanto del jansenismo como de la Escolástica para la historia intelectual napolitana de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII. Para ello, este artículo sitúa las Cartas dirigidas al Padre General del Compañía de Jesús (1731) del patricio genovés y filósofo político Paolo Mattia Doria en el contexto del juicio de la Inquisición a los ateístas-atomistas de 1688-1697, cuyos ecos se escucharon aún durante las primeras décadas del siglo XVIII.
El oficio de difuntos en la Edad Media. La liturgia funeraria en dos códices monásticos del Archivo General de Navarra
Authors: Baldó Alcoz Julia , Pavón Benito Julia
Published: September 2016

Uno de los aspectos de la historia e historiografía de la muerte que menos eco ha tenido en este ámbito de investigación es la liturgia funeraria durante la Edad Media. Por ello, este artículo propone el estudio de la estructura y composición del modelo canónico del Oficio de difuntos, a partir de dos códices de procedencia navarra, con el objeto de comprender la cobertura eclesiástica desplegada durante y después de los funerales. De esta forma, podremos acercarnos a la parte canónica del ritual de acompañamiento a los muertos, en la que la comunidad cristiana de los vivos evocaba, a través de las oraciones, el más importante de sus dogmas: la esperanza de la resurrección.
Nepotismo y patronazgo eclesiástico en la Galicia moderna: el cabildo catedralicio de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Iglesias Ortega Arturo
Published: September 2016

Desde una metodología que combina el uso de la prosopografía, el análisis de redes y la estadística, se ha tratado de demostrar, por una parte, la poderosa proyección de algunos arzobispos compostelanos del siglo xvi sobre su cabildo catedralicio mediante la introducción en el mismo de parientes y allegados; y, por otra, el papel determinante del nepotismo capitular en la sucesión de las prebendas capitulares.
Proceso de ejecución de chimeneas industriales de ladrillo valencianas y murcianas
Authors: López Patiño G. , Verdejo Gimeno P. , Martínez Antón A. , Benlloch Marco J.
Published: September 2016

A partir de entrevistas realizadas a distintos maestros constructores de chimeneas industriales de ladrillo, pertenecientes a las escuelas valenciana y murciana, que recurren a estilos y sistemas de ejecución muy diferentes, se ha procedido a describir los sistemas empleados en España para la construcción de estos monolitos industriales.

Los sistemas abordados implementan los conocimientos de la Historia de la Construcción española, con un elemento que tuvo una corta vida, pero que fue esencial en la evolución industrial y son clave a la hora de enfrentarnos a una posible restauración del elemento.