bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La adaptación al cambio climático, una oportunidad para el desarrollo territorial sostenible en escalas regional, subregional y local: ejemplos en el territorio valenciano / / / \ \ \ Adaptation to climate change, an opportunity for sustainable spatial planning at regional, subregional and local scales: examples in Valencian region
Authors: Olcina Cantos Jorge
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Las acciones de adaptación al cambio climático van a marcar la agenda política en los próximos años y décadas. De hecho, ya se están desarrollando actuaciones concretas en las escalas regional y local en España. La Comunidad Valenciana ha puesto en marcha diversas acciones, de planificación y normativa que en los últimos años están teniendo repercusión en la escala local. Los municipios no siempre entienden los beneficios de una planificación territorial sostenible, debido a que no ha habido tradición en nuestro país de actuaciones de sostenibilidad territorial. Se estudia esta cuestión haciendo mención a los ejemplos de buenas prácticas internacionales y se analizan tres iniciativas que suponen un cambio en la cultura territorial en el ámbito valenciano, impulsadas por el gobierno regional y que van a tener efectos concretos en la escala local en el marco del proceso actual de adaptación al proceso de calentamiento climático.
 
Palabras clave: planificación territorial sostenible; cambio climático; adaptación; escalas regional, subregional y local.

Abstract: Actions to adapt to climate change will shape the political agenda in the coming years and decades. In fact, concrete actions are already being developed at the regional and local levels in Spain. Valencian Community has launched, in recent years, various actions, both planning and regulatory, that are having an impact on local scale. Municipalities do not always understand the benefits of sustainable territorial planning, because there has been no tradition in our country of territorial sustainability actions. This question is studied by mentioning the examples of international good practices and three initiatives that imply a change in the territorial culture in the Valencian territory, promoted by the regional government and that will have concrete effects on the local scale in the framework of the current process of adaptation to the global warming process.
 
Key words: sustainable spatial planning; climate change; adaptation; regional, subregional and local scales.
Sostenibilidad y resiliencia de los destinos turísticos litorales: apuntes desde el enfoque de los destinos inteligentes / / / \ \ \ Sustainability and resilience of coastal tourist destinations: notes from the smart destinations approach
Authors: Ivars Baidal Josep Antoni , Vera-Rebollo José Fernando
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Con la crisis provocada por la COVID-19 el concepto de resiliencia ha ganado importancia en el sector turístico, uno de los más afectados. Esta pausa ha provocado que se plantee un cambio de modelo basado en la sostenibilidad donde el modelo de Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes (DTI) aparecen como los principales beneficiados de esta crisis, ya que consiguen superar el objetivo del crecimiento y tienen un enfoque de planificación y gestión directamente relacionado la sostenibilidad del sector turístico. En este trabajo se pretende, mediante el análisis de diversos indicadores, caracterizar la relación entre sostenibilidad y resiliencia, analizar la contribución del modelo DTI a la sostenibilidad, identificar su posibles limitaciones, e identificar nuevas posibilidades para hacer más resilientes los destinos. Evolucionar hacia destinos más inteligentes requiere más atención que no unos simples indicadores y la interrelación de diferentes dimensiones: ambiental, sociocultural,… que junto con la incorporación de los ODS 2030, nos lleve hacia un modelo más integrado y sostenible.
 
Palabras clave: sostenibilidad, Destino Turístico Inteligente (DTI), resiliencia, modelo turístico, ciudades inteligentes, planificación.
 
Abstract: With the crisis caused by COVID-19, the concept of resilience has gained importance in the tourism sector, one of the most affected. This pause has provoked a change of model based on sustainability where the model of Smart Tourism Destinations (ITD) appear as the main beneficiaries of this crisis since they manage to overcome the objective of growth and have a planning and management approach contributing to the sustainability of the tourism sector and acting as a good example. This paper aims through the analysis of indicators to characterize the relationship between sustainability and resilience, to analyze the contribution of the DTI model to sustainability and its implications for becoming more resilient, as well as to identify limitations and identify new possibilities to make destinations more resilient. Evolving towards smarter destinations requires more attention than simple indicators and the interrelation of different dimensions: environmental, socio-cultural,... that together with the incorporation of the SDG 2030, will lead us towards a more integrated and sustainable model.
 
Key words: sustainability, Smart Tourism Destination (ITD), resilience, tourism model, smart cities, planning.
Construcción social del desastre detonado por el sismo 19S en las alcaldías Tláhuac y Xochimilco, Ciudad de México / / / \ \ \ Social Construction of Disaster Triggered by the 19S Earthquake in the Municipalities of Tláhuac y Xochimilco, Mexico City
Authors: Toscana  Aparicio Alejandra , Villaseñor Franco Alma
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El Sismo 19S detonó un desastre en la CDMX; miles de viviendas en las alcaldías Tláhuac y Xochimilco presentaron daños. El objetivo de este texto es comprender las causas antrópicas del desastre mediante el análisis de estudios académicos, informes oficiales, variables espaciales y observación en campo. La investigación permitió vislumbrar la incidencia de causas sociales en el desastre: la expansión urbana de la Ciudad sobre el suelo de conservación ecológica, los cambios de uso de suelo de agrícola y forestal a urbano, el crecimiento de asentamientos irregulares y vivienda precaria, el incumplimiento de reglamentos de construcción y la sobreexplotación de agua subterránea en el sureste de la cuenca de México; todo esto derivado de políticas habitacionales, de gestión del agua y suelo. La importancia del estudio radica en que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de impulsar una política de mitigación y prevención de desastres vinculada al modelo de desarrollo.
 
Palabras clave: riesgo, vulnerabilidad, amenaza, desarrollo, vivienda.
 
Abstract: The 19S earthquake triggered a disaster in the CDMX; thousands of homes in the Tláhuac and Xochimilco municipalities were damaged. The objective of this text is to understand the anthropogenic causes of the disaster through the analysis of academic studies, official reports, spatial variables and field observation. The research provided a glimpse of the incidence of social causes in the disaster: the urban expansion of the city on ecological conservation land, changes in land use from agricultural and forestry to urban, the growth of irregular settlements and precarious housing, non-compliance with building regulations and overexploitation of groundwater in the southeast of the Mexico basin. All this derived from housing, water, and land management policies. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it highlights the need to promote a disaster mitigation and prevention policy linked to the development model.
 
Key words: risk, vulnerability, hazard, development, housing.
Jornades sobre Desenvolupament Local de la Comunitat Valenciana (JDL): una bona pràctica de transferència al territori potenciada des de l’IIDL
Authors: Calvo Palomares Ricard , Bou Pastor Mónica , Sigalat Signes Enric
Published: July 2021

Resum: Una bona pràctica per al territori. Joan Noguera era sabedor de que la proposta de Jornades sobre Desenvolupament Local de la Comunitat Valenciana (JDL) cobrien un espai existent, no ocupat fins aquell moment. Era una necessitat. Les JDL naixien amb una vessant científica molt important. El seu propòsit va ser des d’un principi erigir-se com a un espai científic (investigadors), acadèmic (professorat i estudiants), professional (principalment AEDL) i social (per a personal interessat en general). I en eixe aspecte, l’IIDL , com a institut referent a nivell universitari (interuniversitari entre la Universitat de València i la UJI de Castelló), especialitzat en la matèria , era necessari que se sumara al projecte. Al present text presentem l’experiència desenvolupada als darrers 10 anys, així com els resultats més destacats que s’han obtès a les mateixes (nombre de participants, experiències presentades, llibres publicats, entitats participants, i, continguts de les JDL -ponents, perfil ponents, taules debat, etcètera.-) i resultats que han convertit a aquesta experiència en una bona pràctica generadora de transferència al territori.
 
Paraules clau: Joan Noguera, Jornades sobre Desenvolupament Local de la Comunitat Valenciana, JDL, GRIDET-Grup d'Investigació en Desenvolupament Territorial de la Universitat de València, Territori.
Reseña. La visión territorial y sostenible del desarrollo local. Una perspectiva multidisciplinar: (I) Territorio, desarrollo, sistema productivo. (II) Sociedad, gobierno, métodos, herramientas
Authors: Albertos Puebla Juan Miguel
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Se trata de una obra en dos volúmenes, ambos editados por el profesor Joan Noguera, a la sazón director de la sede de Valencia del IIDL, que reúne 32 contribuciones de un total de 40 autores en un ejercicio de apertura temática y disciplinar muy relevante. Este conjunto de trabajos se articula en cuatro grandes apartados: I) Territorio y Desarrollo, II) Sistema Productivo, III) Sociedad y Gobierno, y IV) Métodos y Herramientas. Así, siguiendo una lógica impecable, el hilo argumental de la obra va avanzando desde los aspectos más básicos y conceptuales hasta los más aplicados. El propio esquema de la obra deviene así en una declaración de principios, según la cual la formación de un agente de desarrollo local debe comprender desde la propia naturaleza de los procesos de desarrollo, -necesariamente enraizados territorialmente para ser sostenibles-, prestando una especial atención al dinamismo empresarial y de los sectores productivos, hasta la dimensión social y de gobernanza de los procesos de desarrollo local, que o serán asumidos y generados desde la sociedad local o no serán. Finalmente, queda patente también la preocupación por dotar a los Agentes de Desarrollo Local de un amplio abanico de instrumentos y herramientas que permitan una práctica profesional rigurosa y capaz.
 
Palabras clave: desarrollo local, territorio, sistemas productivos, sociedad, gobierno, metodologías.
Reseña. Espacios protegidos y otros entes imaginarios
Authors: Gómez Ruíz Miguel
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La obra aquí reseñada se centra en la crítica hacia la visión ambiental que todavía impera en gran parte de la sociedad y también en el ámbito gubernamental y administrativo, basada en planteamientos antiguos, parciales y prejuiciosos. Al mismo tiempo, se reflexiona acerca del origen de esta problemática, mientras se abordan posibles vías de actuación futuras, que resulten más efectivas y que relacionen de una forma más coherente las actividades de ordenación territorial con la protección del entorno. Se concluye reconociendo las limitaciones jurídicas y económicas que actúan como barreras del progreso ambiental, así como la falta de una plasmación real de las medidas recomendadas
 
Palabras clave: áreas protegidas, Red Natura 2000, naturaleza, medioambiente, infraestructura verde.
El desarrollo de Aras de los Olmos: un análisis de caso en el marco de la economía del conocimiento y la innovación social / / / \ \ \ The development of Aras de los Olmos: a case analysis in the framework of the knowledge economy and social innovation
Authors: Sales Ten Ana , Martin Cubas Joaquín
Published: July 2021

Resumen: En este artículo realizamos un análisis del Proyecto Big History, una acción enfocada al desarrollo sostenible e impulsado desde la localidad de Aras de los Olmos, València (España), a partir de una perspectiva teórica basada en la economía del conocimiento y la innovación social. La evaluación sintética de los logros y del rendimiento alcanzado por la implementación del proyecto nos permite conocer y poner en valor los elementos claves que han favorecido el crecimiento y desarrollo del territorio. La metodología aplicada en la presente investigación es un Análisis de Políticas Públicas resultado de la implementación de la Investigación Acción Participada y la Ecología de Saberes en el marco teórico del neoinstitucionalismo de la gobernanza democrática. Los principales resultados nos permiten constatar que la creatividad, la co-creación de conocimiento, la participación y el pacto de gobierno han sido elementos clave para el éxito del mismo y su repercusión en el desarrollo de toda la Comarca de la Serranía en la Comunitat Valenciana y sus comarcas limítrofes.
 
Palabras clave: Innovación social, desarrollo rural comunitario, gobernanza, co-creación, economía del conocimiento.
 
Abstract: This article contains an analysis of the Big History Project, an action focused on sustainable development and promoted from the village of Aras de los Olmos, Valencia (Spain), from a theoretical perspective based on the knowledge economy and social innovation. The synthetic evaluation of the results and performance achieved by the implementation of the project allows us to know and value the key elements that have favored the growth and development of the territory. The methodology applied in this research is a Public Policy Analysis resulting from the implementation of the Participatory Action Research and the Ecology of Knowledge in the theoretical framework of the neoinstitutionalism of democratic governance. The main results allow us to confirm that creativity, co-creation of knowledge, participation and the governance pact have been key elements for the success of the project and its impact on the development of the whole Serranía region in the Valencian Community and its neighboring regions.
 
Key words: social innovation, rural community development, governance, co-creation, knowledge economy.
Reseña. Una hoja de ruta para la citricultura española
Authors: Sanchis Ibor Carles
Published: July 2021

Resumen: Estamos ante una hoja de ruta para la citricultura española, publicada un año después, no por casualidad, de la catastrófica campaña de 2018-2019, organizada en cuatro ejes básicos: el análisis de la cadena de valor, las nuevas tecnologías, el reto de la sostenibilidad ambiental y la sanidad vegetal, y las políticas comerciales. Estamos ante la aproximación más completa que hasta ahora se ha publicado sobre la problemática de la citricultura española. El trabajo, con un acusado acento valenciano, cubre las múltiples caras de un problema poliédrico, que por desgracia es visto solo en planta por los medios de comunicación y que ha recibido una atención sorprendentemente escasa por la divulgación científica. Dibuja un panorama en el que se esbozan riesgos y oportunidades y se atisban ganadores y perdedores. Entre estos últimos se destaca la pequeña y mediana propiedad, que a lo largo del libro va siendo señalada una y otra vez por la mayor parte de los autores. El futuro de estos campos, en manos de unos agricultores envejecidos y desmotivados, augura a medio y largo plazo un proceso de concentración de la propiedad y de integración productiva. No podemos terminar sin agradecer a Cajamar el esfuerzo que desarrolla desde hace unos años en la publicación (de acceso abierto en digital) de este tipo de trabajos, que cumplen una función fundamental en una cadena de conocimiento que probablemente tiene tantas carencias como la agroalimentaria. A productores y consumidores nos interesa que la tierra (y el conocimiento) se cultive, porque es bien sabido que el campo abandonado es terreno abonado para el crecimiento de malas hierbas (y peores políticas).
 
Palabras clave: cadena de valor, sector agrario, política y planificación varietal, organizaciones de productores, producción y comercialización, plagas y enfermedades, mercado citrícola.
Sentidos del ocio infantil y desarrollo
Authors: Cuenca Cabeza Manuel
Published: July 2021

Resumen: El sentido del ocio infantil que va asociado al desarrollo personal y social es un tema poco o nada estudiado. No por eso deja de ser clave, tanto para el esclarecimiento de las acciones educativas de padres y educadores como de determinadas políticas de gestión comunitaria. A partir de esta cuestión de fondo se reflexiona aquí, con el apoyo de distintos recursos: el conocimiento del autor sobre ocio y desarrollo humano, asunto sobre el que ha investigado y promovido proyectos durante cerca de 20 años; la experiencia de su vida y otras aportaciones relacionadas con la investigación empírica del autor y otros autores de referencia en los Estudios de Ocio. El texto analiza cuatro ámbitos diferenciados de la relación entre el ocio infantil y su aporte al desarrollo integral: el biológico y personal; aquel en el que es causa de mejora de capacidades; el asociado a los fundamentos del ocio adulto y, finalmente, el que se vincula a la toma de conciencia sobre el ocio como vacuna preventiva de los llamados “ocios nocivos”. Estas cuatro consideraciones se abordan a partir de dos vertientes del ocio valioso sobre las que se estructura la reflexión, recreación y re-creación.
 
Palabras clave: Ocio valioso, desarrollo humano, recreación, re-creación.

Abstract: The meaning of children's leisure associated with personal and social development is a topic that has been little or not at all studied, despite being key both to the clarification of the educational actions of parents and educators and to certain community management policies. Here we reflect on this fundamental question from different resources: the author's knowledge about leisure and human development, a subject on which he has researched and promoted projects for nearly 20 years, his life experience, and other contributions related to the empirical research of the author and other well-known authors in the field of Leisure Studies. The text analyses the relationship between children's leisure and its possible contribution to their integral development considering: i) the biological and personal dimension; ii) the improvement in abilities; iii) the area associated with the foundations of adult leisure and, finally, iv) the area linked to awareness of leisure as a preventive vaccine for so-called “harmful leisure”. These four considerations are approached from two spheres of valuable leisure: recreation and re-creation.
 
Key words: Valuable leisure, human development, recreation, re-creation.
Prólogo “Homenaje a Joan Noguera Tur”
Authors: Esparcia Pérez Javier , Del Alcázar Garrido Joan Manuel , Ferrandis Martínez Adrián
Published: July 2021

Dedicatoria al Profe. Joan Noguera Tur, jubilado oficialmente el 01 de enero de 2020 por enfermedad permanente.
1. El inicio: una prometedora y sólida carrera profesiona. Por Javier Esparcia Pérez.
2. Joan Noguera, de lo local a lo global sin frontera reconocible. Por Joan Manuel del Alcázar Garrido.
3. Joan Noguera; gran profesional, mejor persona. Por Adrián Ferrandis Martínez (Editor invitado en el número homenaje a Joan Noguera Tur).
Sagapò e Soldatesse: la Grecia degli invasori
Authors: Gallarini Luca
Published: July 2021

Among the many authors who covered the Italian military occupation of Greece (1940-1943), Renzo Biasion and Ugo Pirro still stand out as being the most influential. Their books, halfway between memoir and fiction, tell the stories of soldiers living their youth in a dreamy yet dangerous world, where all men have been deported as war prisoners, and everyday products such as gasoline display Homer’s alfabet. The antifascism of Sagapò (1953), which inspired the Academy Award-winning film Mediterraneo (1991), and Le soldatesse (1956) lays therefore in the rediscovery of a common heritage, both ancient and modern.
Terra di civiltà e di barbarie: rappresentazioni cinematografiche della Grecia degli altri, tra autenticità e mistificazione
Authors: Giovansana Sara
Published: July 2021

Talking about Greece nowadays does not only mean becoming aware of the immense cultural, social, and linguistic heritage which characterizes the country, but also accepting the huge change which is affecting the nation. The paper focuses on the international cinematographic account on Greece in order to explore the spectrum of non-Greek visions concerning Greek life, history, culture, and traditions. The work is aimed – through the analysis of both American and Italian movies – at outlining stereotypes and authentic elements of the foreign movie industry’s representation of “Greekness”, browsing some of its most typical leitmotifs. In this respect, noteworthy examples are: the ancient myth; the brutality of war; the cultural misappropriation; the tourism business. The article deals with these issues in an attempt to define possible future developments and points for reflection.
Atene, 1940-1943: italiani e greci nei Quaderni di Ghiorgos Theotokàs
Authors: Maida Massimiliano
Published: July 2021

Born and raised in Constantinople, in 1922 Ghiorgos Theotokàs moves to Athens to study Law. After his graduation, he spends two years between Paris and London to complete his education. Afterwards, he returns to Greece and leads a group of young intellectuals who try to renovate the cultural environment in Greece during the years after the Asia Minor campaign and the defeat of Greece after the Greco-Turkish war (1922). Theotokàs writes essays, articles and novels, but his diaries are very important sources not only about Theotokàs’ personal life, but also about the political and cultural climate of those times. Reading through the Τετράδια Ημερολογίου (1939-1953) we can learn a lot of information about the social, political, and cultural aspects of Greece and about the relations between Greeks and Italians after the fascist invasion.
Oriana e i colonnelli: cultura di massa e dittatura greca nell’Italia degli anni Settanta
Authors: Terreni Alessandro
Published: July 2021

In 1979 Oriana Fallaci published Un uomo, an autobiographical novel in which she tells her love story with Alexandros Panagulis, hero of the resistance to the regime of the Greek colonels. The book has a resounding and lasting success with the public, thanks to the narrative, stylistic and ideological peculiarities widely illustrated by Vittorio Spinazzola, Giovanna Rosa and Bruno Pischedda. Beyond its literary prerogatives, the success of the work is also linked to the author’s ability to grasp a series of suggestions already floating on the various levels of the Italian collective imagination since the end of the Sixties, and to express them with formidable effectiveness. In addition to literature, in fact, music, cinema and TV had also drawn on and spread different material from the ambiguous fascination exercised by the Greek colonels on Italian public opinion.
Analytical Solution of the Euler-Poinsot Problem
Authors:   Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Murakami Cássio
Published: July 2021

In the present article, an analysis was performed on the torque-free motion of a rigid body, developing Euler's analytical solution and Poinsot's geometric solution. The analytical solution for the angular velocity and Euler's angles was described given some initial conditions. Besides, an animation of Poinsot's geometric solution was elaborated and a study was carried out on the conditions in which the herpolhode forms a closed curve. Finally, an algorithm was developed that displays the obtained solutions, which also generates an animation of the geometric solution, and moreover provides an algorithm that produces closed herpolhodes.
Scanned optogenetic control of mammalian somatosensory input to map input-specific behavioral outputs
Authors: Schorscher-Petcu Ara , Takács Flóra , Browne Liam E
Published: July 2021

Somatosensory stimuli guide and shape behavior, from immediate protective reflexes to longer-term learning and higher-order processes related to pain and touch. However, somatosensory inputs are challenging to control in awake mammals due to the diversity and nature of contact stimuli. Application of cutaneous stimuli is currently limited to relatively imprecise methods as well as subjective behavioral measures. The strategy we present here overcomes these difficulties, achieving ‘remote touch’ with spatiotemporally precise and dynamic optogenetic stimulation by projecting light to a small defined area of skin. We mapped behavioral responses in freely behaving mice with specific nociceptor and low-threshold mechanoreceptor inputs. In nociceptors, sparse recruitment of single-action potentials shapes rapid protective pain-related behaviors, including coordinated head orientation and body repositioning that depend on the initial body pose. In contrast, activation of low-threshold mechanoreceptors elicited slow-onset behaviors and more subtle whole-body behaviors. The strategy can be used to define specific behavioral repertoires, examine the timing and nature of reflexes, and dissect sensory, motor, cognitive, and motivational processes guiding behavior.
Decoding locomotion from population neural activity in moving C. elegans
Authors: Hallinen Kelsey M , Dempsey Ross , Scholz Monika , Yu Xinwei , Linder Ashley , Randi Francesco , Sharma Anuj K , Shaevitz Joshua W , Leifer Andrew M
Published: July 2021

We investigated the neural representation of locomotion in the nematode C. elegans by recording population calcium activity during movement. We report that population activity more accurately decodes locomotion than any single neuron. Relevant signals are distributed across neurons with diverse tunings to locomotion. Two largely distinct subpopulations are informative for decoding velocity and curvature, and different neurons’ activities contribute features relevant for different aspects of a behavior or different instances of a behavioral motif. To validate our measurements, we labeled neurons AVAL and AVAR and found that their activity exhibited expected transients during backward locomotion. Finally, we compared population activity during movement and immobilization. Immobilization alters the correlation structure of neural activity and its dynamics. Some neurons positively correlated with AVA during movement become negatively correlated during immobilization and vice versa. This work provides needed experimental measurements that inform and constrain ongoing efforts to understand population dynamics underlying locomotion in C. elegans.
Murine muscle stem cell response to perturbations of the neuromuscular junction are attenuated with aging
Authors: Larouche Jacqueline A , Mohiuddin Mahir , Choi Jeongmoon J , Ulintz Peter J , Fraczek Paula , Sabin Kaitlyn , Pitchiaya Sethuramasundaram , Kurpiers Sarah J , Castor-Macias Jesus , Liu Wenxuan , Hastings Robert Louis , Brown Lemuel A , Markworth James F , De Silva Kanishka , Levi Benjamin , Merajver Sofia D , Valdez Gregorio , Chakkalakal Joe V , Jang Young C , Brooks Susan V , Aguilar Carlos A
Published: July 2021

During aging and neuromuscular diseases, there is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle volume and function impacting mobility and quality of life. Muscle loss is often associated with denervation and a loss of resident muscle stem cells (satellite cells or MuSCs); however, the relationship between MuSCs and innervation has not been established. Herein, we administered severe neuromuscular trauma to a transgenic murine model that permits MuSC lineage tracing. We show that a subset of MuSCs specifically engraft in a position proximal to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse between myofibers and motor neurons, in healthy young adult muscles. In aging and in a mouse model of neuromuscular degeneration (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase knockout – Sod1-/-), this localized engraftment behavior was reduced. Genetic rescue of motor neurons in Sod1-/- mice reestablished integrity of the NMJ in a manner akin to young muscle and partially restored MuSC ability to engraft into positions proximal to the NMJ. Using single cell RNA-sequencing of MuSCs isolated from aged muscle, we demonstrate that a subset of MuSCs are molecularly distinguishable from MuSCs responding to myofiber injury and share similarity to synaptic myonuclei. Collectively, these data reveal unique features of MuSCs that respond to synaptic perturbations caused by aging and other stressors.
An autoinhibitory clamp of actin assembly constrains and directs synaptic endocytosis
Authors: Del Signore Steven J , Kelley Charlotte F , Messelaar Emily M , Lemos Tania , Marchan Michelle F , Ermanoska Biljana , Mund Markus , Fai Thomas G , Kaksonen Marko , Rodal Avital Adah
Published: July 2021

Synaptic membrane-remodeling events such as endocytosis require force-generating actin assembly. The endocytic machinery that regulates these actin and membrane dynamics localizes at high concentrations to large areas of the presynaptic membrane, but actin assembly and productive endocytosis are far more restricted in space and time. Here we describe a mechanism whereby autoinhibition clamps the presynaptic endocytic machinery to limit actin assembly to discrete functional events. We found that collective interactions between the Drosophila endocytic proteins Nwk/FCHSD2, Dap160/intersectin, and WASp relieve Nwk autoinhibition and promote robust membrane-coupled actin assembly in vitro. Using automated particle tracking to quantify synaptic actin dynamics in vivo, we discovered that Nwk-Dap160 interactions constrain spurious assembly of WASp-dependent actin structures. These interactions also promote synaptic endocytosis, suggesting that autoinhibition both clamps and primes the synaptic endocytic machinery, thereby constraining actin assembly to drive productive membrane remodeling in response to physiological cues.
A subset of CB002 xanthine analogs bypass p53-signaling to restore a p53 transcriptome and target an S-phase cell cycle checkpoint in tumors with mutated-p53
Authors: Hernandez Borrero Liz , Dicker David T , Santiago John , Sanders Jennifer , Tian Xiaobing , Ahsan Nagib , Lev Avital , Zhou Lanlan , El-Deiry Wafik S
Published: July 2021

Mutations in TP53 occur commonly in the majority of human tumors and confer aggressive tumor phenotypes, including metastasis and therapy resistance. CB002 and structural-analogs restore p53 signaling in tumors with mutant-p53 but we find that unlike other xanthines such as caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline, they do not deregulate the G2 checkpoint. Novel CB002-analogs induce pro-apoptotic Noxa protein in an ATF3/4-dependent manner, whereas caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline do not. By contrast to caffeine, CB002-analogs target an S-phase checkpoint associated with increased p-RPA/RPA2, p-ATR, decreased Cyclin A, p-histone H3 expression, and downregulation of essential proteins in DNA-synthesis and DNA-repair. CB002-analog #4 enhances cell death, and decreases Ki-67 in patient-derived tumor-organoids without toxicity to normal human cells. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy in mice. Thus, a novel class of anti-cancer drugs shows the activation of p53 pathway signaling in tumors with mutated p53, and targets an S-phase checkpoint.
Taxonomic and functional diversity of benthic macrofauna associated with rhodolith beds in SE Brazil
Authors: Stelzer Patricia Sarcinelli , Mazzuco Ana Carolina A. , Gomes Luiz Eduardo , Martins João , Netto Sergio , Bernardino Angelo F.
Published: July 2021

Rhodoliths are free-living and morphologically diverse marine calcareous algae commonly distributed over the continental shelf seafloor. They increase the seabed structural complexity and are of potential value as feeding and reproductive grounds for a myriad of marine fauna. The higher structural seabed complexity within rhodolith beds may also increase benthic diversity by creating microhabitats, but this relationship has been rarely explored within rhodolith beds worldwide. Here we compared benthic macrofaunal (>500 µm) structure on rhodolith beds (nodule epifauna) and within unconsolidated sediments (sediment infauna) under high and low-density beds to test whether rhodolith bed density and nodule morphology influenced macrofaunal assemblages. We observed that macrofaunal density on nodules (2538 ± 288.7 ind·m−2) was 15-fold higher when compared to sediments under those beds (166 ± 38.8 ind·m−2). Rhodolith bed density was positively related to macrofaunal density, composition, and functional diversity on the rhodoliths. Low-density beds (61 ± 27.1 nodules·m−2) with discoid-shape nodules were dominated by peracarid crustaceans whereas high-density beds (204 ± 18.7 nodules·m−2) with spheroidal nodules were dominated by Annelid polychaetes. The sediment macrofauna was also positively influenced by the density of rhodolith nodules, which increased sediment carbonate and organic quality (protein and lipids) under high-density beds. Macrofaunal functional diversity was generally higher on rhodoliths, with low similarity (low nestedness) and high taxa turnover between macrofaunal assemblages of rhodoliths and sediments. These findings indicate that rhodolith beds provide an unique habitat for benthic macrofaunal communities, with exclusive functional and taxonomic richness that are likely not typical in the unconsolidated sediment below these beds in SE Brazil. This study highlights the importance of protecting rhodolith beds from multiple sources of anthropogenic disturbance and exploration on continental shelves.
Vulnerabilidade ambiental urbana nas regiões metropolitanas do Ceará
Authors: Alves Christiane Luci Bezerra , Rodrigues Anderson Da Silva , Rodrigues Nayara De Sousa
Published: July 2021

Um dos importantes movimentos de conformação do sistema de cidades no Brasil tem sido a fragmentação institucional da gestão metropolitana, que transfere aos estados a possibilidade de criação de suas regiões metropolitanas. Ao mesmo tempo, estudos sobre vulnerabilidade ambiental têm se destacado em contextos nos quais a análise dos sistemas econômicos e sociais é cada vez mais repensada a partir de suas conexões ambientais. Este ensaio se propõe a identificar a vulnerabilidade ambiental urbana em regiões metropolitanas do estado do Ceará pela construção de um índice sintético de vulnerabilidade (IVA). A análise do IVA aponta níveis de vulnerabilidade semelhantes entre as regiões metropolitanas, todavia, com dispersões distintas. Enquanto a RMF e RM Cariri apresentam maior homogeneidade, a RMS apresenta menor percentual de municípios abaixo da média regional e maior dispersão dos valores, o que leva ao questionamento sobre a existência de efeitos de espraiamento desta região metropolitana.
Convergência setorial na fronteira Sul do Brasil
Authors: Ferrera de Lima Jandir , Soares Bidarra Bernardo
Published: July 2021

Esse artigo analisa a economia regional dos municípios que compõem o Arco Sul da faixa de fronteira brasileira e sua tendência à convergência setorial. Para se realizar a análise foi utilizada a metodologia das médias de variação com o intuito de se verificar o alinhamento dos setores econômicos em termos de dinâmica econômica, utilizando como parâmetro a geração de Valor Adicionado Bruto por mão-de-obra ocupada na agropecuária, indústria e atividades terciárias. O estudo realizado comparou as respectivas tendências nos anos de 2005 e 2015. Os resultados colhidos apontaram uma maior convergência no setor terciário. Já o setor que revelou ser menos convergente foi a agropecuária. Isso parece demonstrar o impacto tanto das condições geográficas quanto de absorção de tecnologia na geração de valor por força de trabalho.
Production and Physicochemical Properties of Cake with Different Ratios of Soy Lecithin
Authors: Agu H. O. , Ejike R. C. , Obiegbuna J. E. , Ezegbe C. C.
Published: July 2021

This research was geared towards producing and evaluating the physicochemical properties of cake with different ratios of soy lecithin. Soy lecithin was produced by the degumming of raw soy oil by adding 2% water content to the oil and heating to 70oC. Soy oil yield was 31% while lecithin yield was 2.18%. The soy lecithin produced had a yellow-brownish colour. Mixture design was used for the experiment. The soy lecithin was used to replace 50% and 100% egg content in two different cake samples while a third sample had no lecithin. The first sample was made up of 250g wheat flour, 100g Margarine, 65g sugar, 5g baking powder, 2 eggs, 1.25g soy lecithin and 2g salt (MEL2), the second sample was made up of 250g wheat flour, 80g Margarine, 65g sugar, 5g baking powder, 2.5g soy lecithin and 2g salt (MEL3) while the third sample was made up of 250g wheat flour, 100g Margarine, 65g sugar, 5g baking powder, 4 eggs and 2g salt (MEL1). The margarine content of sample MEL3 was reduced by 20%. The physical properties of the cake samples were examined and sample MEL2 gave a better physical appeal than the other samples after baking. The specific volume of sample MEL2 (4.21cm3) was higher than those of samples MEL1 and MEL3. The proximate composition of the samples showed that the moisture content ranged from 32.9 – 34.1%, protein content 5.89 – 6.14%, ash content 1.61 – 1.64%, fat content 14.5 – 15.3% and carbohydrate 43.09 – 44.85%. Sensory evaluation was carried out on the samples to determine the most acceptable and analysis of variance was used to check for significant difference. Sample MEL2 was preferred in taste, colour, texture, flavour and general acceptability and was significantly different from samples MEL1 and MEL3 in general acceptability. It was observed that egg and some fat content in cakes could be replaced with soy lecithin. This study forms a basis for new product development for the pastry food industry.
Promotion and Development of “Start-ups” Through Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in India
Authors: Krishnan L. Murali , Kumarasamy N. , Oliyarasan S. , Barua Sukanaya , Peer Quadri Javeed Ahmad , Rashid Irfath
Published: July 2021

Indian economy is a fifth largest developing economy. It has been grown in between the periods of time (1991 – 2016) India’s GDP stood at Rs 5,862,120 million in 1991 and in 2016 it was at Rs 1,35,760,860 million economy with 2, 216 percent growth. At the same time, global disparities are growing with industrially and technologically more advanced countries by accessing the ever increased digital technologies, online platforms, data analytics, automation and robotics and capitalizing the globalized opportunities. Hence, as a second highly populated country like India should access the technologies to promote various start-ups in to globalized established corporations for economic development and to be the second largest economy in the world by 2050. The start-ups support and help to absorb productive resources at all levels of the economy. It contributes to the creation of resilient economic systems in which start-ups ecosystems and small and large firms are interlinked. Such increasing linkages support, attract foreign direct investment and investing transnational corporations seek reliable domestic suppliers for their supply chains. In agriculture and allied sector start-ups also have a potential to empower millions of farmers and farm women to address the food and nutrition security, livelihood security and other sustainable development goals. But still funding activities are the biggest driving factors in the start-up ecosystem. Hence, appropriate funds and other assistance may enrich the start-up ecosystem to boost up the Indian economy in the globalized platforms. So, the CSR funds plays very important source to capitalize the start-up ecosystem in to sustainable development based economic ecosystems.
A Review: Positive Outcome of Resveratrol Dry Suspension in Piglets against Rotavirus Infection
Authors: Sultan Hafiz , Javed Imran , Amjad Muhammad , Kareem Kashif , Wakeel Muhammad , Kaleem Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Rota virus that cause diarrhea and other diseases in small infants is belonging to a virus family called Reoviridae with death rate of about more than 200000 annually. Although many vaccines are available for Rotavirus infection but still primary reason of death among infants. To prevent infection caused by this virus as diarrhea and other gastroenteritis in piglets we use a resveratrol, a natural phenol and a phytoalexin with a potential of strong antibiotic and antiviral, which has preventive and protecting outcome against Rotavirus infection in piglets. Pretreatment done and resveratrol dry suspension added to the adequate essential nutrient (basal diet) and the animal through oral route done Rotavirus and then know about the outcome of resveratrol dry suspension. Therefore, our main concern is to use the resveratrol dry suspension, which produced immunity in piglets against Rotavirus. It has positive outcome and reduced the diarrhea and other gastroenteritis. Therefore, the outcome of resveratrol dry suspension shows that it could be the best one to treat the diarrhea and other disease, which caused by this virus.
Green Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Methods for the Determination of Rabeprazole Sodium and Fluvastatin Sodium in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Kamal Miranda F. , Morshedy Samir , Saad Dina A. , Moneeb Marwa S.
Published: July 2021

Aims: Novel green analytical methods have been proposed for the assay of Rabeprazole sodium and Fluvastatin sodium in their pure and formulated dosage forms.

Study Design: The methods determine each drug through the estimation of its sodium content, using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy at wavelength 589 nm. 

Place and Duration of Study: Central laboratory at Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University. Time duration January-March, 2020.

Methodology: Methods are developed and optimized for maximum sensitivity, selectivity and degree of greenness. Linearity is achieved in the range of 8.29- 66.33 ppm of Rabeprazole sodium (equivalent to 0.5- 4 ppm Na) and 14.13- 141.32 ppm of Fluvastatin sodium (equivalent to 0.75 -7.5 ppm Na). The proposed assays are fully validated regarding ICH guidelines. 

Results: Atomic spectroscopic assays are compared to reported spectrophotometric ones for each drug separately using Student t-test and F-variance ratio. 

Conclusion: Satisfactory values indicate good agreement and the insignificant difference between both methods. The obtained percentages of recovery (99-101%) indicate no interference from excipients in formulation matrices.
How do job insecurity profiles correspond to employee experiences of work-home interference, self-rated health, and psychological well-being?
Authors: Låstad Lena , Tanimoto Anna S , Lindfors Petra
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Traditional variable-oriented research has shown that employee perceptions of job insecurity (JI) are associated with negative consequences, including more work-home interference, poorer health, and impaired well-being. Besides the negative consequences of high JI, particular combinations of JI perceptions may also be associated with different consequences. Taking a person-oriented approach, this study aimed to investigate (1) whether it is possible to distinguish different combinations of JI perceptions among working women and men and (2) whether such JI profiles involve different experiences of work-home interference, health, and well-being.

Methods

Self-reports in questionnaires of JI, including both quantitative and qualitative threats of perceived job loss, work-home interference (WHI), health, and psychological well-being came from 1169 white-collar workers (52.4% women) in Sweden. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify JI profiles. Subsequent analyses included comparing profiles with respect to WHI, health, and well-being.

Results

Four distinct JI profiles were identified: (1) Secure; quality-concerned, (2) Insecure: employment-concerned, (3) Insecure, and (4) Secure. Comparisons of cluster profiles showed significant differences in work-home interference (family-work conflict), self-rated health, and psychological well-being.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that the Insecure profile may be most vulnerable to adverse consequences of perceived JI. Taken together, different JI profiles may be associated with differential experiences of work-home interference, health, and psychological well-being among working women and men.
Plant Water‐Use Efficiency
Authors: Coupel‐Ledru Aude
Published: July 2021

The loss of water vapour from aerial tissues of terrestrial plants as they assimilate CO
2
from the atmosphere for photosynthesis is biophysically unavoidable. Photosynthesis and transpiration co‐vary with the aperture and density of stomatal pores, and are co‐determined by the leaf area, which is involved in light capture and water loss. Yet, the strength of this coupling varies depending on the genotype and the environmental conditions. This has prompted plant scientists to define water‐use efficiency (WUE) as the ratio of carbon gains to water losses. WUE is genetically variable and displays high plasticity to environmental cues including CO
2
, drought and vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Breeding crops with high WUE is a key challenge in the face of climate change, but this must be achieved without penalties on growth or yield. In this view, strategies exploiting the physiological and genetic bases of the spatial and/or temporal variability between carbon gain and water loss offer promising avenues.

Key Concepts

Plant water‐use efficiency (WUE) reflects the balance between carbon gains and water losses.

WUE can be expressed at different scales, from seconds to months and from the stomata to the whole plant and the whole crop.

Phenotyping methods for WUE are an active field of development, from gas‐exchange devices to measure photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, to phenotyping platforms and imaging methods to access biomass gain and water loss over several weeks or months.

A wide genetic variability has been reported for WUE, both between and within species.

WUE varies in response to environmental factors because these differentially affect water loss and carbon gain. The effects of atmospheric CO
2
concentration, VPD, light and ozone have been well described. WUE responses to drought and temperature are complex because many underlying processes are affected.

To maintain production in the face of climate change, improved WUE associated with growth maintenance is a key breeding target.

In this view, physiological and genetic leeway rely on exploiting the spatial and/or temporal decoupling between carbon gain and water loss.