bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las representaciones simbólicas de la mujer en quechua
Authors: Ochoa Madrid Jessica Jasmín
Published: December 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es dar cuenta de las expresiones lingüísticas de enamoramiento en la lengua y cultura quechuas, en las cuales la protagonista es la mujer, a quien se la conceptualiza por medio de construcciones metafóricas. Teniendo en cuenta que la sociedad andina es agrocéntrica, al analizar estas expresiones lingüísticas, nos percatamos de que la mayor parte de estas conceptualizaciones simbolizan a la mujer como un elemento de la naturaleza. Para su adecuada interpretación, es necesario entender la concepción bucólica del amor en el pensamiento andino. Por referencia de los informantes, los inicios amorosos entre los quechuas suelen darse en contextos pastorales, así como en tiempos de lluvia y de carnaval. Asimismo, existen espacios sociales convencionales como ciertas festividades y actividades rituales del pueblo que permiten el encuentro entre los jóvenes. En ese escenario se genera el flirteo y con él emergen sentimientos y emociones efervescentes entre las parejas, los cuales son verbalizados en diversas expresiones lingüísticas metafóricas que forman parte de los cantos quechuas. Este trabajo se fundamenta en los principios de la lingüística cognitiva, especialmente en las teorías de Lakoff y Johnson.
El barrio como vestigio del pasado en la narrativa peruana moderna: Barrio de broncas, de José Antonio Bravo, y Final del Porvenir, de Augusto Higa
Authors: Susti Alejandro
Published: December 2021

Este artículo examina las novelas Barrio de broncas (1971), de José Antonio Bravo (1937-2016), y Final del Porvenir (1992), de Augusto Higa (1946), como representaciones del espacio del barrio en el que se encarnan códigos de conducta y un ethos cuya existencia se encuentra en riesgo frente a la inestabilidad de la vida moderna y la imagen expansiva de la urbe. Los textos examinados son portadores de las tensiones y contradicciones de una sociedad que debe hacer frente a las nuevas demandas sociales que cuestionan el modelo del progreso. Cercada por la imperiosa presencia de los migrantes andinos, en ellos se representa una Lima condenada a desaparecer.
Diamela Eltit: categorías metafóricas, interacción comunicativa y memoria en El Padre Mío
Authors: Pérez Orozco Edith
Published: December 2021

Diamela Eltit es una renombrada escritora chilena. Su proyecto estético y político se orienta hacia la recuperación de las voces marginadas y la construcción del lenguaje fragmentado y encriptado ante la imposibilidad de la comunicación lingüística, además de la puesta en escena de subjetividades dialógicas y polifónicas que hacen de sus textos narrativos piezas representativas de la literatura latinoamericana. En este artículo estudiamos el texto El Padre Mío (1989) y analizamos las categorías culturales y metafóricas como propuesta estética; luego, examinamos el texto propiamente recurriendo a las  categorías de interacciones comunicativas de Thompson (1998) y determinamos la memoria narrativa o “memorable” siguiendo la propuesta de Jelin (2002).
Análisis bioclimático de la tradición constructiva de la vivienda rural en la Huasteca Potosina
Authors: Calistro Paita Gloria , Aguillón Robles Jorge , Arista Gonzáles Gerardo
Published: December 2021

La vivienda rural tiene características propias de cada región, como lo es la autoconstrucción, la utilización de materiales propios de la zona, las técnicas de construcción, los sistemas constructivos, la tecnología con la que se construye (típica de la cultura de la comunidad), así como su conexión con el contexto. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el comportamiento bioclimático de la tradición constructiva de la vivienda rural huasteca, con el fin de proponer alternativas que ayuden a mejorar las condiciones de la vivienda, así como también realizar un análisis comparativo entre los distintos tipos de materiales.
A new fish-based index of biotic integrity for lowland rivers in Flanders (Belgium)—Corrigendum
Authors: Breine Jan , Van den Bergh Ericia , Van Thuyne Gerlinde , Belpaire Claude
Published: December 2021

This Corrigendum corrects an error in Table 2 that was published in Breine et al. (2021) on the pages 114–115: the line concerning the weatherfish Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758) on the page break was erroneously removed during publication and is added here.
Physical and chemical properties of roselle extract nanocapsule with inulin,
chitosan and maltodextrin as encapsulant
Authors: Yudhistira B. , Choiriyah N.A.
Published: December 2021

Roselle contains high phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins that are not stable with
pH, metal ions, light exposure, temperature, oxygen, and enzymatic activity. The stability
of phenolic compounds can be improved by nanoencapsulation. This research was aimed
to evaluate the effect of inulin, inulin-chitosan and inulin-chitosan-maltodextrin with
varying concentrations as encapsulants towards the physicochemical properties and
encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules product by spray drying. Roselle extract
nanocapsules were prepared using various types and concentrations of encapsulants
(inulin, inulin-chitosan and inulin-chitosan-maltodextrin). The solubility of nanocapsules
ranged from 69.31 - 83.2%, while the hygroscopicity of nanocapsules was varied,
approximately 17.89 - 23.79%. Nanocapsules moisture content was approximately 2.83 -
4.27%, while the total phenolic content of nanocapsules ranged from 6.74 - 13.41 mg
GAE/g DW. The total anthocyanin of roselle extract nanocapsules was approximately
2.25 - 4.82 mg/g DW. The encapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds in this study
were approximately 60.31 - 77.13%. Nanocapsules with inulin-chitosan-maltodextrin
(2.4%-2.4%-0.2%) had good properties of nanocapsules such as good solubility, high total
phenolic content and total anthocyanin content. Nanocapsules with 5% inulin and inulinchitosan-maltodextrin (2.4%-2.4%-0.2%) had particle size of 641.4 and 411.1 nm
respectively. The nanocapsules had a spherical shape, smooth surfaces but also a few had
indentations.
Factors affecting the intention of sustainable agriculture practices among
pepper farmers in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Semuroh J. , Sumin V.
Published: December 2021

The demand for safe, hygienic, organic, and high-quality food products nowadays puts
pressure on farmers to produce and practice sustainability. Sustainable agriculture
practices (SAPs) are crucial to be implemented on every farm that produced foods to
enable the supply of hygienic, safe food products and as a solution of pesticide-residue
problems towards a healthier lifestyle. However, the farmers' main challenges towards
sustainability and hindering their penetration to the global market are the difficulties in
complying with the international standard of quality and certification compliance, such as
MyGAP or Malaysian Good Agricultural Practices in cultivating, harvesting, and
processing. MyGAP compliance showed that farmers are moving towards sustainable
agriculture. This paper was aimed to assess the perception and the factors that influence
the Intention to implement SAPs in pepper cultivation among pepper farmers in Sarawak.
Descriptive analysis and factor analysis were used to accomplish the objectives of this
study. Data collection was through interviews using a structured questionnaire
administered on registered farmers under the Malaysian Pepper Board (MPB), planted at
least 1 hectare or 2000 pepper trees in Bau and the District of Serian, Sarawak. Systematic
stratified random sampling method was used based on the two different districts selected
as stratification. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used as the conceptual
framework to explain the farmers' behaviour towards SAPs. The results discovered four
latent factors influencing Intention to practice SAPs: attitude, subjective norms, perceived
behavioural Intention, and Intention, with the value of percentages of variance, explained
13.554%, 27.912%, 12.506%, 8.771%, and 7.703%, respectively. Subjective norms
showed a high value of alpha at 0.935, followed by attitude (0.817) and Intention towards
Sustainable Agriculture Practices (0.804). The findings provided the pepper farmers with
invaluable insight on the advantages of adopting sustainable agriculture practices to
expand their business locally and intentionally.
Impact of the agricultural technology transfer to the production of independent
palm oil smallholders: a review
Authors: S.M. Syarifudin , Z. Zareen
Published: December 2021

Oil palm is the most efficient oil crop that is vital to oil commodity due to its versatility
for being a practical raw material in producing a number of commercial products globally.
Therefore, the supply of palm oil is believed to increase in order to meet the growing
demand of the world population. Malaysia is the second-largest palm oil exporter in South
-East Asia after Indonesia with 40% of the total output is contributed by Malaysia’s
smallholders. However, reports stated that the yield among smallholder’s plantations is
low and eventually will affect the national Gross Domestic Products (GDP). In 2019,
Malaysia’s palm oil total GDP was estimated to be 38.24 billion Malaysian Ringgit
(MYR). In relation to the issue, low yield among the smallholders is believed to be caused
by the lack of application and awareness of current technology available to aid plantation
operation. Hence, agricultural technology transfer is the modern agricultural invention to
improve oil palm production productivity. A review paper on the agricultural technology
transfer was carried out to identify the impact of the technology transfer on palm oil
smallholders' production. This approach encompassed the introduction of technology to
smallholders, the technology transfer process and technology applications awareness for
smallholders. The data was collected through reading on research papers, especially on
productivity and engagement of smallholders on the understanding of the technology
transfer through the questionnaire. The review concluded that smallholders had practised a
good agricultural practice. However, low productivity was caused by the inadequate
inputs among the farmers regarding the available technology, crop protection and
management. Therefore, technology transfer and technology recommendation is proven to
effectively help broaden smallholders’ inputs and knowledge to increase their socioeconomic status and plantation productivity.
КОМПЛЕКСНА ХОРЕОГРАФІЧНА ПІДГОТОВКА ГІМНАСТІВ У СПОРТИВНІЙ АЕРОБІЦІ
Authors: Атаманюк С. І. , Кириченко О. В. , Голєва Н. П.
Published: December 2021

У дослідженні визначено напрями вдосконалення хореографічної підготовки на початковому етапі у спортивній аеробіці, якими є: формування спеціальних знань, умінь і навичок, які необхідні у спортивній аеробіці; робота над технікою виконання вправ; добір елементів навантаження під час хореографічної підготовки залежно від рівня підготовленості спортсмена; використання засобів хореографічної підготовки в усіх частинах тренувального заняття, введення уроку хореографії в навчально-тренувальний процес. Хореографічна підготовка на етапі початкової спортивної спеціалізації є важливою та невід’ємною частиною навчально-тренувального процесу гімнастів у спортивній аеробіці, її використання підвищує рівень розвитку необхідних рухових здібностей, що сприяють швидкому та якісному освоєнню технічно складних елементів. У процесі експерименту введений коефіцієнт успішності змагальної діяльності, який складається з показників рухових здібностей, результатів попередніх та основних змагань, що дає змогу об’єктивно оцінити й скоригувати рівень підготовленості гімнастів-аеробів упродовж року. Встановлено, що починати заняття з комплексної хореографічної підготовки варто на етапі початкової спортивної спеціалізації та проводити двічі на тиждень. Провідним методом проведення занять із комплексної хореографічної підготовки є метод музично-танцювальної вправи. У результаті педагогічного експерименту підтверджено високу ефективність розробленої методики, що виражена в достовірній зміні (р<0,05) рівня рухової підготовленості гімнастів експериментальної групи, які спеціалізуються на спортивній аеробіці. Удосконалення структури та змісту хореографічної підготовки спортсменів у спортивній аеробіці залишається однією з актуальних проблем теорії та методики. Сучасний рівень світових досягнень у цьому виді спорту, зростання його популярності та розширення географії змагань вимагає пошуку нових науково обґрунтованих та ефективних методик хореографічної підготовки, які відповідають сучасним тенденціям розвитку спорту.
The development of musical taste and judgement : an investigation of the standard of musical taste and judgement in an unselected group of New Zealand school children
Authors:   , Fieldhouse Arthur E.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this investigation is clearly expressed in its title; it is an attempt to trace the development (whether positive or negative) of the degree or standard of musical taste or judgement throughout the school life of an unselected group of normal children.
Vegetable Planting Technology and Pest Control Measures in Guilin, Guangxi, China
Authors:   Guilin Vegetable Research Institute, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China, Lu Feng
Published: December 2021

In daily life, vegetables are the basic consumer goods, which directly affects people’s health. In the production process of vegetables, greenhouses are one of the more common forms, which can improve the yield and quality while also improving its nutritional value. This paper mainly discusses the greenhouse vegetable planting technology and pest control in Guilin, Guangxi, China, hoping to help the relevant aspects.
A Competency-based Approach to Environmental Education: Learning About “Radioecology”
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Khobotova Elina , Ihnatenko Maryna ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Hraivoronska Inna ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kaliuzhna Iuliia ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The research objective was to develop a new approach and methodology for the discipline of “Radioecology.” This ensures that the education is practice-orientated, with the possibility of distance and independent learning, skills improvement, and the development of interdisciplinary relationships. The research methods used a theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific and educational literature, logical and semantic modeling of the learning content, design, theoretical analysis and synthesis. The research achieved a new curriculum for "Radioecology," the creation and implementation of a theoretical course and the development of the practical part of the discipline. This was differentiated by difficulty levels and aimed at solving specific situational problems. The work proposed the creative component of the practical part in the form of individual tasks requiring the learner to resolve a specific production problem situation. It also created a laboratory workshop with the development of modern scientific methods a textbook on radioecology and an electronic version of the methodological support of the discipline, facilitating independent training and making distance learning possible.
Pengaruh Profesionalisme dan Etika Profesi Terhadap Pertimbangan Tingkat Materialitas Dalam laporan Keuangan
Authors: Nudyah Heryani Siti
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine how the influence of professionalism and professional ethics on the consideration of the level of materiality in financial statements in public accounting firms, especially in the provinces of Yogyakarta and Central Java.

This research is a survey research conducted on auditors who work in public accounting firms with a sampling technique by distributing questionnaires both in person and online. The number of questionnaires processed was 40 questionnaires, with details of 20 questionnaires from google form and 20 questionnaires from questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.

The data used in this study used primary data obtained from the questionnaire method given directly to the auditors of public accounting firms in Yogyakarta and also Central Java, namely Surakarta and Semarang.

The results of the study show that Professionalism and Professional Ethics affect the consideration of the level of materiality in the financial statements

Keywords: professionalism, professional ethics, materiality level considerations
Immobilization of Catalase onto Polylysine Modified Chitosan Polymer
Authors: OZYILMAZ Gül
Published: December 2021

In this study, chitosan polymer was modified in two different ways and used for the immobilization of bovine liver catalase (CAT). First, it was activated with glutaraldehyde (GAL), and then covalently immobilized covalently onto the support via lysine amino acid residue in CAT. In the second modification, GAL-activated chitosan was interacted with polylysine (pLYS), then reactivated with GAL and used in CAT immobilization. Samples of bare chitosan (Chi), GAL-activated (ChiGAL), polylysine-modified (ChiGAL-pLYS), reactivated with GAL (ChiGAL-pLYSGAL) and CAT-immobilized chitosan (ChiGAL -CAT and ChiGAL-pLYSGAL-CAT) were all characterized by FTIR. The enzymatic activities of Free CAT, ChiGAL -CAT and ChiGAL-pLYSGAL-CAT samples were investigated at different pH and temperatures and the values with the highest activity were determined. In addition, the effect of substrate concentration on activity under optimal conditions was investigated. Optimum pH values of Free CAT, ChiGAL-CAT and ChiGAL-pLYSGAL-CAT samples were 7.5, 7.0 and 7.0, respectively; temperature values were determined as 25, 30 and 35 C, respectively. After immobilization, the Vmax values of the enzymes decreased, the Km values increased, and the efficiency of catalase immobilized to the polylysine modified support was found to be higher. It was observed that after 20 repeatedly use in the column reactor, ChiGAL-CAT and ChiGAL-pLYSGAL-CAT enzymes retained 88 % and 76 % of their initial activities, respectively.
First Record of Orange Spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) from the Iskenderun Bay, the northeastern Mediterranean
Authors: ERGÜDEN Deniz , GÜRLEK Mevlüt , TURAN Cemal
Published: December 2021

A single specimen of orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) was captured by a fisherman with a fishing line from the Iskenderun Bay (Konacık, Turkey) at 52 m depth. The morphological and color descriptions of E. coioides agree with previous descriptions. This record indicates that the eastward migration of this species in the Mediterranean coast of Turkey and fills the gap in the distribution range of the serranid species.
Effect of Two Types of Fly Ash on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Mud
Authors: YALMAN Emine , FEDERER-KOVACS Gabriella , DEPCİ Tolga
Published: December 2021

In this study, the usage of class F fly ash (brown coal) and class C fly ash (lignite) with increasing concentration in water based mud mainly composed of bentonite dispersion was investigated at ambient conditions. Experimental results indicate that efficiency of the mud is significantly controlled by type of the fly ash tested and its concentrations. The results show that Class F fly ash enhanced filtration properties (filtrate loss and mud cake) of the mud and have no effect on the rheology including, yield point, viscosity whereas the class C fly ash increased the rheology parameters and degraded water loss into the formation and filer cake thickness dramatically. This study showed that class F fly ash displays superior performance than class C fly ash. Through this study, it was reveal that class F fly ash is a promising additive to improve the filtration characteristics of bentonite based drilling fluids, thereby contributing to reducing formation damage caused by drilling mud.
Review of the Barents sea hydrological conditions
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pisarev S.V.
Published: December 2021

Based on more than 50 works published during the period 1946−2019, the chapter gives an overview of current ideas about bottom topography, large-scale circulation, currents and tides, water flows across borders, temperature and salinity distribution, water masses, frontal zones, seasonal and interannual variations in hydrological characteristics, stratification and ice conditions of the Barents Sea. Among the many classifications of water masses of the sea, the review gives preference to the most consistent and reasonable classification proposed by V. Ozhigin and V. Ivshin in 1999.
Vertical flows of substance in the Northern arctic ocean
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novigatsky A.N. , Lisitzin A.P. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Shevchenko V.P. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Klyuvitkin A.A. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kravchishina M.D. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Politova N.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

The monthly, seasonal and annual quantity estimates of vertical fluxes of sedimentary matter from the surface layer of the Arctic Ocean, performed out over the years by various researchers, are the basis for direct calculations of incoming chemical components, minerals, and various pollutants to the surface layer of bottom sediments.
Hydrocarbons in waters and bottom sediments Of the Barents sea
Authors:   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nemirovskaya I.A. , Titova A.M. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Khramtsova A.V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Hydrocarbons in water, suspended matter and bottom sediments of the Barents Sea were studied based on materials from expeditions to the RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in 2016–2019. It is shown that at present there is no oil pollution in open areas of the Barents Sea. With the transition from early summer (2019) to autumn (2016), there was a decrease in hydrocarbon concentrations in surface waters, caused by a change in the biochemical composition of organic matter (possibly due to a decrease in the area of ice). With depth, the HC content decreased mainly. An exception was observed in the area of gutters and deposits, where in the bottom nepheloid layers there was an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons in suspension and in the surface layer of bottom sediments, and in the thickness of the sediments there was no dependence on their distribution and organic carbon.
Evaluation of the modern geoecological state of the fjords of the eastern Barents sea
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Enterprise ", Shakhverdov V.A. ,   A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute", Ryabchuk D.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Enterprise "A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute", Spiridonov M.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Enterprise "A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute", Zhamoida V.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Enterprise "A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute", Shakhverdova M.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Enterprise "A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute"
Published: December 2021

A brief analysis of the history of environmental geological study of the Barents Sea is given. It shows that at the beginning of industrial development the geological environment was characterized by a low level of disturbance and pollution. On example of the Kola Bay, an assessment of the current environmental geological conditions of the fjords in the eastern part of the Barents Sea is given. Seismic-acoustic studies confirm the predominantly tectonic origin of the bay and the hazardous spread of gravitational rocks movement within the coastal slopes. The background geochemical characteristics of recent bottom sediments are quantified. It is shown that geochemical zoning of the bottom of the bay is a consequence of both natural and anthropogenic processes. According to the content of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg and hexane-soluble petroleum products (PP) in the bottom sediments, the characteristics of various areas were obtained. It is shown that the distribution of PP and several other pollutants in the main components of aquatic and coastal geosystems is a leading element of the environmental monitoring system, quantitative assessment of anthropogenic impact and accumulated environmental damage. Active economic activity within the southern leg of the Kola Bay, as well as the naval bases, significantly affects the distribution of chemical elements. The data concerning distribution of chemical elements forms in bottom sediments are given that suggest a high probability of secondary pollution of the bottom water when the physicochemical conditions of sedimentation processes change. A comparative analysis showed that bottom sediments of the Kola Bay are characterized by the highest concentration of chemical elements in the North-West Region of the Russian Federation.
DYNAMICS OF THE COASTAL ZONE IN HOLOCEN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE KOLA PENINSULA
Authors:   Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sapelko T.V. , Anisimov M.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

A lot of work has been devoted to the study of the coastal zone of the southern coast of the Barents Sea. However, they are mainly devoted to the period of deglaciation of the territory and the subsequent marine transgressions. The Holocene period was less interesting for researchers, because it was believed that the coast was stabilizing by this time and almost no significant changes were taking place. In recent years, interest in the dynamics of the coastal zone of the last millennia is mainly associated with the problem of climate change and the melting of Arctic ice in the modern period. In this regard, the study of new sequences of the coastal zone of the Barents Sea is especially relevant. Recently, new studies of the Holocene history of the coastline of the northwestern coast of the Kola Peninsula have appeared, which change some prevailing ideas about the dynamics of the coastline in the Holocene period. The presented review is caused by the need to summarize new results and existing ideas.
What Hit and Miss in Indonesia CBM Project : Empirical Study Slowing Down Factors CBM Development and Propose Suitable Action for CBM Development in Indonesia by Using Analytical Hierarch Process.
Authors: Firdaus I.A.
Published: December 2021

In 2008, the first Coal Bed Methane (CBM) PSC was signed in Indonesia. To date, 54 CBM PSCs have been awarded to explore and develop CBM Block in Indonesia. Twelve years later, only one PSC has submitted a Plan of Development but has not yet produced gas commercially. Most CBM PSCs have been struggling during the 10 years’ exploration period and some may receive extensions for 3 years under specific conditions. The lack of integrated authorities’ approval in the overlay of coal mining and natural gas production areas has become a great obstacle for CBM Development. Besides that, the government regulations in CBM activities have defects in PSC contract terms that may lead marginal economic value for contractors, especially due to high investment during the early development (C. Irawan, 2017). On the other hand, drilling regulations, Pipe Classing standards and Testing Standards following the Oil and Gas standards are too expensive for CBM Investment. According to our observations, CBM Regulations in Indonesia should be modified starting from the Exploration period, Production Sharing Contract Terms and Standard Operating Procedures to suit Indonesian CBM characteristics. Good coordination within government departments is a must for the success of CBM Exploration and Development.
First Application Micro Coiled Tubing in Indonesia at Offshore Mahakam
Authors: Marindha R.
Published: December 2021

With a view to addressing the challenges of future offshore platform evolution, smaller footprint of coiled tubing set is required for pumping work in minimalist platform. Although coiled tubing (CT) is the most efficient service method for multiple wellsite operations, it can be difficult to capture all the benefits of applying it to some offshore wells. Limited crane capacity and platform’s upper deck space often present challenges to efficiently execute CT operation. Minimalist and crowded platforms may not allow a perfect condition to properly set up conventional CT system. As part of the continuous improvement in Well Intervention, smaller size of CT called Micro CT is deployed to unload the completion fluid using nitrogen pumping. This is in order to provide sufficient drawdown prior to clean up or perforation works. Micro CT is a small coiled tubing with an outside diameter of 1” and a length of 10,000ft. It is 46% lighter and 39% smaller compared to conventional CT. The firtst Micro CT start-up project in Indonesia was initiated with unloading jobs in Bekapai and South Mahakam wells. There were five unloading jobs and they were successfully performed within the allocated time frame and budget. There were no major safety issues occurred. Total 60% cost savings can be generated from reduced supply boat mobilization trips prior to equipment mobilization while 40% cost savings came from efficiency in diesel consumption. From an operational aspect, less annular friction can be achieved and gives us 35% efficiency in N2 consumption. Moreover, it saves 10 – 20% rig up time in comparison to conventional CT. On top of that, those five unloading jobs were completed with an efficiency of more than 70%. In conjunction with this paper, we would like to share Micro Coiled Tubing experience where this was the first application in Indonesia with safety and measurable milestones.
One Phase Well (OPW): Unlock Shallow Reservoir Efficiently and Economically ay Eliminating Surface Casing
Authors: Hanif I.
Published: December 2021

Tunu is a mature giant gas and condensate field locates in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The area has been developed for almost 30 years and is currently considered a mature field, where putting a state of an economical oil well has become more challenging nowadays. The deeper zone of Tunu has no longer been considered profitable to be produced. The current focus is more on the widespread shallow gas pocket located in the much more external area of Tunu. One phase well is architecture without 9-5/8" surface casing. OPW is one-section drilling using a diverter mode from surface to TD without using BOP. Historical for OPW is began from 2018, where drilling reservoir section using diverter mode in two-phase. In 2018 also succeeded in performing perforated surface casing. Due to a successful drilling operation using diverter and perforated surface casing in 2019, drilling trials for OPW were carried out. The OPW architecture has become one of the standard architectures used in drilling operations as an optimization effort. Until December 2020, PHM* has completed 15+ OPW wells. A general comparison of OPW and SLA well is at the cost of constructing a well of approximately 200,000 - 300,000 US$. The disadvantages of OPW wells are more expensive in the mud and cement section when using a 9-1/2" hole. But, OPW drilling time is more efficient in terms of the duration, up to 2-3 days. Based on the integrity of the OPW wells, from 15 OPW wells that have been completed, only 2 have SCP.
Application of Capacitance-Resistive Model With Global Optimizer
Authors: Naufal A. A.
Published: December 2021

The need to do a history matching in a deltaic environment with a total of 550 compartmentalized channel reservoirs of Field X brings such heavy challenges in terms of time consumed and uncertainties present. The capacitance-resistive model (CRM) rooted in signal processing between the injection and production rate was chosen to determine connectivity between injectors and producers (f_ij) and flood efficiencies for portions of the field (f_F). These constants become key insights for validating the dynamic synthesis of the reservoirs. CRM relies solely upon production and injection data. Two different control-volumes for CRM, CRMT and CRMP, were solved using a global non-deterministic solver which elevate differential evolution algorithm. The parameters’ solved was then validated with the observed liquid rate of the wells. Several techniques such as using system-wide R2 as the objective function, removal of inactive wells and distance-based weighting were used to improve the validation of the proxy model. The methods were applied to validate analyzed reservoirs with divided regions based on earlier analysis. A first CRM run was presented in this paper to test the algorithm prepared. Then another CRM run were demonstrated in this paper to show how they confirm the compartmentalization within a reservoir when compared to the reservoir’s pressure-over-time plot and earlier manual production-injection data analysis. This paper exemplified the strength of CRM itself which is to describe large-scale system in a way that circumvents geologic modeling and saturation matching with short to moderate computation time, as well as improvements applied to help the optimization process.
Reservoir Characterization of Fractured Gas Reservoirs Through The Integration of Dynamic Data
Authors: Rahmawan I.
Published: December 2021

The productivity and performance of fractured reservoirs are strongly controlled by the fracture network distribution. Appropriate characterization of the effective fracture network is essential to accurately quantifying production forecast and reserves. Despite the known importance, it is still very challenging to properly evaluate natural fracture connection. The S Field is a giant gas field producing from fractured reservoirs which has the capability to produce more than 800 MMscfd at the field level and individual well deliverability as high as 300 MMscfd. With the historically strong data acquisition program and recent well results being outside of the expected range, the subsurface team has completed a re-characterization study to further understand the key subsurface uncertainties and find remaining or new resource potential. Considering non-uniqueness characteristic of dynamic data analysis, reservoir engineers may tend to repeat an existing interpretation over new reservoir studies, unless there is evidence to change. The downside to this reliance is the team may miss other possible interpretations of the model that were overlooked in the past. The new model may add a new point of view in the field characterization which could explain unexpected well results. In this dynamic data evaluation, the methods primarily rely on the short-term high precision data (Pressure Transient Analysis) and the long-term dynamic production (Rate Transient Analysis). These analyses make it possible to correctly evaluate the reservoir properties around the well, such as formation permeability, well skin, drainage radius and dynamic reserves to characterize the reservoir at a larger scale and reveal the reservoir connectivity and flow barriers in the prevailing heterogeneity. Apart from the dynamic data evaluation, this paper also addressed the integration of dynamic data with the 3D seismic interpretation and geological model which define faulting or fracturing relationships that drive the well productivity. Furthermore, it helps to refine the future development strategy options for the field.
A History of 50 years Deepwater Drilling Activities in Indonesia (1968 - 2020)
Authors: Siregar Y. R. C.
Published: December 2021

Effort for overviewing deepwater drilling activities in Indonesia was done in 1992, which covered first activities back in 1968. However, no update since then and not many oil and gas practitioners are familiar with the history of deepwater drilling in Indonesia so far. Perhaps, this is due to less information and publications. Literature review and interview practitioners were performed to gather every information related to deepwater drilling activities in Indonesia particularly. In detail, the quantitative data which consist of 40 basins with deepwater environment and 276 drilled wells are presented in this paper. Overview of deepwater drilling activities both exploration and development projects on every basin with certain time periods are described. Moreover, the data is interpreted statistically to give a better understanding and enrich the historical overview. Finally, this research is providing comprehensive historical of deepwater drilling activities both exploration and development project in Indonesia for 50 years since 1968 to 2020. Nevertheless, the accuracy and completeness of the data can be improved for future study.
Effective Alarm Management System for Process Safety and Plant Reliability
Authors: Prasetyo A. E
Published: December 2021

Poorly managed alarms and improper design of alarm system have contribute to major industrial incident. Some examples are fire explosion on Milford Haven, 24th July 1994 where it flooded by alarms at the rate of one every two or three seconds resulting operator cancelling those alarms due to the nuisance (Health and Safety Executive, 1997), other case was from Texas City Refinery explosion, 23rd March 2005 where the high level alarm was ignore while the secondary high alarm was faulty (BP Executive Summary, 2005), and recent incident of Fatal Gas Well Blowout in Pryor Trust gas well Pittsburgh Country 22nd January 2018 where the entire alarm system was disabled by rig personnel due to nuisance condition (U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board,2019). Banyu Urip facility have put significant effort on improving alarm effectiveness. This paper describes Banyu Urip alarm management workflow and improvement consisting of data collection, alarm analysis (identify bad actor), short term repair/improvement, alarm review & rationalization, management of change process, re-evaluation of operating envelopes, and high focus for implementation and stewardship. Alarm management tools and dashboard significantly helps the process. There are 4 KPIs that periodically reviewed: number of alarm rate, standing alarm, shelved alarm and critical operating parameter. This paper also provide Banyu Urip plant alarm management journey that started by first cold eyes review found imbalance of 3 panel operator load. Reconfigure asset assignment significantly improve the alarm rate as well as plant stability. The journey continue by multiple approach depend on the case of alarm such as nuisance alarm and standing alarm consisting alarm rationalization, alarm suppression logic, equipment out Of service logic, time delay implementation, control loop tuning, and deadband setting. Other than that, manual shelving process also utilized for nuisance alarms short term action caused by equipment or sensor problem, as long as mitigation exists, communicated on every shift handover and directly followed up to maintenance order list. There are also some cases where known equipment issues waiting for long term resolution causing continuous alarms. Risk screening process help all parties aware on incremental risk during the interim period. Having above alarm management improvement workflow, CPF site team have able to reduce down the alarm rate to stable criteria (<12 / hours) and standing alarm continue to decrease to 10/console. Finally, this paper also describes how alarm management practices can be also utilized as supplementary surveillance dashboard to improve plant reliability
Application of anomaly spectral density (ASD) for hydrocarbon prospecting
Authors: Setiawan B.
Published: December 2021

Many researchers have been using passive seismic in several oil and gas industry applications due to its low cost, simple and quick deployment. This paper aims to demonstrate the applicability of the passive seismic analyses for hydrocarbon prospecting. This paper presents a case study of anomaly spectral density (ASD) in the North Sumatra Basin (NSB) Indonesia. A portable seismometer was deployed to 47 locations in the (NSB) areas for collecting the noise data. At each survey location, noise measurement was carried out for at least 40 minutes at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. Then, the power spectrum of a time series analysis was carried out to describe the distribution of power into frequency components composing that signal, from which the anomaly spectral density is justified. Results are as follow: a) spectral calculated from the collected data over the measured fields are presented; b) spectral deduced from the acquired data of all measured locations suggests very weak to weak spectral anomaly of 1-6Hz, which suggests no oil field prospects in the study site; and c) microtremor attributes were mapped and compared with gravity anomaly and geological maps of the investigated site. A reasonable outcome is suggested by comparing the result of the anomaly spectral density map of the present study to the geological map of the investigated site. In conclusion, the passive seismic data analysis is a promising tool for optimizing well placement during exploration, appraisal, and development as no artificial seismic excitation sources are required.
Seismic Forward Modeling of Semberah Fluviodeltaic Reservoir
Authors: Widyantoro A.
Published: December 2021

Semberah field’s infill drilling activity to increase its recovery has been generally challenging because of limited seismic information to support the reservoir distribution characterization. Stratigraphic model building has been using mainly geological concept and well log analysis while undermines seismic information because of poor quality 2D lines. The best seismic quantitative interpretation uses in Semberah encompass amplitude mapping of extracted post-stack attributes. Semberah asset team recently suggests a new stratigraphic framework consists of isolated distributary sands and active delta switching sequences. The new framework allows seismic forward modeling method to constrain the sand boundaries. The seismic modeling workflow involves building rock physics models, performing synthetic modeling of varying channel facies over its elastic properties. The synthetic PP-reflectivity generation uses Semberah well’s wavelet extraction from Roy-White algorithm extraction which are later varied with several scenarios of fluid, porosity and random noise. The latest volumetric estimation from the integrated modeling produces significant oil and gas resources to justify Semberah further development. Both static model and seismic forward modeling suggest potentially finding wet sands during the SB-27 well drilling activities in July 2019. The well’s location uncertainty has been optimized by moving the well location to a structurally updip position from the existing well UKM-03 to avoid potential water level. A recommendation has also been put forward for the remaining five-well drilling proposals to sharpen the targeted stacked channels around the recommended areas. The seismic forward modeling technique has never been applied as part of the seismic quantitative interpretation method in Semberah, yet such process could be carried out with only 2D seismic lines. The result from seismic forward modeling provides better integration with the geological model and becomes a cost-effective option to optimize area with limited dataset such as Semberah. The updated geocellular model and the seismic forward modeling results have already been used to identify a number of prospect area and would invigorate the future Semberah well drilling proposals.
A Critical Analysis of Post-Conviction Review in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Rego Rhanee
Published: December 2021

Wrongful convictions leave an indelible mark on society. They are a tangible demonstration that the criminal legal system has failed, and a poignant reminder that all human institutions are fallible. Robust post-conviction review mechanisms are essential to provide an opportunity for justice to be eventually achieved for those who are wrongfully convicted. Through a critical examination of the post-conviction review mechanisms in NSW, which includes determining the existence of independence, transparency and accountability in the system, some deficiencies will be identified and analysed. Drawing on insights from the author’s role as a lawyer for Kathleen Folbigg (a woman convicted in 2003 of the murder of three of her infant children, and the manslaughter of her first child), this article will outline some of the key problems with the current system of post-conviction review in NSW. It then critically compares the existing system with the United Kingdom Criminal Cases Review Commission (“UK CCRC”). The UK CCRC has been chosen because it is a pioneering model which is designed to identify and remedy wrongful convictions in an independent, transparent, and accountable way. The article concludes that a version similar to the UK CCRC should be implemented in NSW to achieve justice for those wrongfully convicted.
Still Standing: Innocence work in England and Wales
Authors: Hewitt Louise , McGourlay Claire
Published: December 2021

This article examines the two categories that have evolved in the literature concerning Innocence Projects; the pedagogical value of innocence work and the problems with associating the term innocence with the English criminal justice process. This research draws upon a study undertaken in 2017 by the Innocence Project London (unpublished) and another in 2020. Both studies sought to understand the extent to which organisations are undertaking innocence work in England and Wales.  This research is written from the perspective of the Directors of both the Innocence Project London and Manchester Innocence Project, and as a result, the projects are discussed at length in various sections. An effort has been made however, to discuss other organisations that undertake similar work in various parts of this article.
Penerapan Ragam Pola Agroforestri Terhadap Pendapatan dan Cadangan Karbon di Kawasan Hutan Sesaot Lombok Barat
Authors: Markum Markum , Ichsan Andy C , Saputra Maiser , Mudhofir M Rifky Tirta
Published: December 2021

The Sesaot forest area has been managed by the community through the Social Forestry scheme with an agroforestry system. The objectives of the study were to identify the diversity of agroforestry patterns, analyze incomes on various agroforestry patterns, analyze the amount of carbon stock and analyze the most optimal agroforestry patterns. The method used is descriptive through a series of observations, interviews and Focus Group Discussions, to 42 respondents and measurement of carbon stocks in 18 farmer locations. Analysis of agroforestry patterns was carried out by making clusters based on plant dominance, analyzing the amount of carbon using allometric equations and analyzing the optimal value of agroforestry patterns using scoring. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: there are four agroforestry patterns in the Sesaot Forest Area, namely, candlenut dominant agroforestry, mahogany dominant agroforestry, mixed agroforestry and simple agroforestry. The largest income was obtained in the mixed agroforestry pattern and the smallest was in the mahogany dominant. Meanwhile, the largest amount of carb on stock was found in the mahogany dominant and the smallest was in the simple agroforestry. The results of the scoring analysis show that mixed agroforestry practices are in the most optimal category compared to other agroforestry patterns.