bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Knowledge, Practice and Adherence of General Practitioners and Community Pharmacists to Asthma Guidelines in Malaysia
Authors:   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Sha’aban Abubakar ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Mohamed Ahmed Abdel ,   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Abd Aziz Fatimatuzzahra’ ,   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Ibrahim Baharudin ,   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: May 2022

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that inflames and narrows the airways. It is identified with respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough. It has also been established that adherence to evidence-based guidelines may raise asthma control to optimal levels in both diagnosis and medical intervention. The objectives are to assess the knowledge, practice and adherence to asthma-management guidelines of general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pulau Pinang using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The knowledge, practice and adherence to asthmamanagement guidelines of GPs and CPs were captured using a 30-item questionnaire that prompted their responses using a mixture of closed-ended and Likert scale techniques. The questionnaires, together with a self-addressed stamped envelope for return, were mailed to 236 CPs and 300 GPs. The knowledge of both CPs and GPs on asthma was slightly above average, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (65.9% for CPs and 67.2% for GPs, p = 0.933). Overall, GPs have better practice than CPs, with a mean score of 4 or higher for most practice questions. GPs have a significantly higher tendency to follow the asthma guidelines (71.9%), whereas less than half of the CPs (46.4%) adhere to them. Only 40.6% of GPs and 3.5% of CPs mentioned the name of the guidelines they followed. Our findings show that although CPs and GPs have similar levels of knowledge, GPs have better practice and adherence to guidelines than CPs.
Lattice simulations of the QCD chiral transition at real $\mu_B$
Authors: Pasztor Attila , Borsanyi Szabolcs , Fodor Zoltan , Giordano Matteo , Katz Sándor , Nogradi Daniel , Wong Chik Him
Published: May 2022

Most lattice studies of hot and dense QCD matter rely on
extrapolation from zero or imaginary chemical potentials. The
ill-posedness of numerical analytic continuation puts severe limitations
on the reliability of such methods. We studied the QCD chiral transition
at finite real baryon density with the more direct sign reweighting
approach. We simulate up to a baryochemical potential-temperature ratio
of \mu_B/T=2.7μB/T=2.7,
covering the RHIC Beam Energy Scan range, and penetrating the region
where methods based on analytic continuation are unpredictive. This
opens up a new window to study QCD matter at finite
\mu_BμB
from first principles. This conference contribution is based on
Ref. [1].
Centre vortex structure of QCD-vacuum fields and confinement
Authors: Leinweber Derek , Biddle James , Kamleh Waseem
Published: May 2022

The non-trivial ground-state vacuum fields of QCD form the foundation of matter. Using modern
visualisation techniques, this presentation examines the microscopic structure of these fields. Of
particular interest are the centre vortices identified within the ground-state fields of lattice
QCD. Our current focus is on understanding the manner in which dynamical fermions in the QCD
vacuum alter the centre-vortex structure. The impact of dynamical fermions is significant and
provides new insights into the role of centre vortices in underpinning both confinement and
dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in QCD.
SU(3) hybrid static potentials at small quark-antiquark separations from fine lattices
Authors: Schlosser Carolin , Wagner Marc
Published: May 2022

We summarize our recent lattice gauge theory computation of the
\Pi_uΠu
and \Sigma_u^-Σu−
hybrid static potentials at small quark-antiquark separations. We
provide parameterizations of the resulting lattice data points, which
can be used for investigating masses and properties of heavy hybrid
mesons in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
Central exclusive production of axial-vector f1 mesons in proton-proton collisions within the tensor-pomeron approach
Authors: Lebiedowicz Piotr
Published: May 2022

We discuss the central exclusive production of
f_{1}f1
mesons in proton-proton collisions. The diffractive pomeron-pomeron
fusion process within the tensor-pomeron approach is considered. Two
ways to construct the pomeron-pomeron-f_{1}f1
coupling are discussed.
The theoretical calculation of coupling constants is a challenging
problem of nonperturbative QCD. We adjust the parameters of the model to
the WA102 experimental data. The total cross section and differential
distributions are presented. Predictions for LHC experiments are given.
Detailed analysis of the distributions in \phi_{pp}ϕpp
the azimuthal angle between the transverse momenta of the outgoing
protons can help to check different models and to study real pattern of
the absorption effects.
Strong CP problem, electric dipole moment, and fate of the axion
Authors: Schierholz Gerrit
Published: May 2022

Three hard problems! In this talk I investigate the long-distance
properties of quantum chromodynamics in the presence of a topological
\mathbf{\theta}𝛉
term. This is done on the lattice, using the gradient flow to isolate
the long-distance modes in the functional integral measure and tracing
it over successive length scales. It turns out that the color fields
produced by quarks and gluons are screened, and confinement is lost, for
vacuum angles \mathbf{|\theta| > 0}|𝛉|>0,
thus providing a natural solution of the strong CP problem. This
solution is compatible with recent lattice calculations of the electric
dipole moment of the neutron, while it excludes the axion extension of
the Standard Model.
Confinement, mass gap and gauge symmetry in the Yang-Mills theory -- restoration of residual local gauge symmetry --
Authors: Kondo Kei-ichi , Fukushima Naoki
Published: May 2022

In this talk we want to discuss the color confinement criterion which guarantees confinement of all colored particles including dynamical quarks and gluons.
The most well-known criterion is the Kugo-Ojima color confinement criterion derived in the Lorenz gauge.
However, it was pointed out that the Kugo-Ojima criterion breaks down for the Maximal Abelian gauge in which quark confinement has been verified according to the dual superconductivity caused by magnetic monopole condensations.
We give the color confinement criterion based on the restoration of the residual local gauge symmetry which can be applied to the Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories as well irrespective of the compact or non-compact formulation,
and enables us to understand confinement in all the cases.
Indeed, the restoration of the residual local gauge symmetry which was shown by Hata in the Lorenz gauge to be equivalent to the Kugo-Ojima criterion indeed occurs in the Maximal Abelian gauge for the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in two-, three- and four-dimensional Euclidean spacetime once the singular topological configurations of gauge fields are taken into account.
This result indicates that the color confinement phase is a disordered phase caused by non-trivial topological configurations irrespective of the gauge choice.
Masses of vector and pseudovector hybrid mesons in a chiral symmetric model
Authors: Eshraim walaa
Published: May 2022

We enlarge the chiral model, the so-called extended Linear Sigma
Model (eLSM), by including the low-lying hybrid nonet with exotic
quantum numbers J^{PC}=1^{-+}JPC=1−+
and the nonet of their chiral partners with
J^{PC}=1^{+-}JPC=1+−
to a global U(3)_r \times U(3)_lU(3)r×U(3)l
chiral symmetry. We use the assignment of the
\pi_1^{hyb}= \pi_1(1600)π1hyb=π1(1600)
as input to determine the unknown parameters. Then, we compute the
lightest vector and pseudovector hybrid masses that could guide ongoing
and upcoming experiments in searching for hybrids.
Chiralspin symmetry and confinement
Authors: Catillo Marco
Published: May 2022

Interesting lattice QCD simulations at high temperature in QCD and particular truncated studies have shown the emergence of an unexpected group symmetry, so called chiralspin.
However this is not a symmetry of the QCD action for free quarks, which makes unclear the transition to deconfinement at high temperature in QCD.
Therefore we try to redefine this group so that is a symmetry of free quark action and it is consistent with the presence of deconfinement in QCD.
Rigorous reconstruction of gluon propagator in the presence of complex singularities
Authors: Hayashi Yui , Kondo Kei-ichi
Published: May 2022

It has been suggested that the Landau-gauge gluon propagator has complex singularities, which invalidates the Källén–Lehmann spectral representation. Since such singularities are beyond the standard formalism of quantum field theory, the reconstruction of Minkowski propagators from Euclidean propagators has to be carefully examined for their interpretation. In this talk, we present rigorous results on this reconstruction in the presence of complex singularities. As a result, the analytically continued Wightman function is holomorphic in the usual tube, and the Lorentz symmetry and locality are kept valid. On the other hand, the Wightman function on the Minkowski spacetime is a non-tempered distribution and violates the positivity condition. Finally, we discuss an interpretation and implications of complex singularities in quantum theories, arguing that complex singularities correspond to zero-norm confined states.
Studying mass generation for gluons
Authors: Eichmann Gernot , Pawlowski Jan M.
Published: May 2022

In covariant gauges, the gluonic mass gap in Yang-Mills theory manifests itself in the basic observation that the massless pole in the perturbative gluon propagator disappears in nonperturbative calculations, but the origin of this behavior is not yet fully understood. We summarize a recent study of the respective dynamics with Dyson-Schwinger equations in Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory. We identify the parameter that distinguishes the massive Yang-Mills regime from the massless decoupling solutions, whose endpoint is the scaling solution. Similar to the PT-BFM scheme, we find evidence that mass generation in the transverse sector is triggered by longitudinal massless poles.
Predictions for neutron stars from holographic nuclear matter
Authors: Kovensky Nicolas , Poole Aaron , Schmitt Andreas
Published: May 2022

We discuss masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities of neutron stars constructed from the holographic Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. Using the same model for crust and core of the star, we combine our theoretical results with the latest astrophysical data, thus deriving more stringent constraints than given by the data alone. For instance, our calculation predicts -- independent of the model parameters -- an upper limit for the maximal mass of the star of about 2.46 solar masses and a lower limit of the (dimensionless) tidal deformability of a 1.4-solar-mass star of about 277.
ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: AN EXPLORATION OF THE PURSUIT OF INDIAN GOVERNMENT TO FULFIL MAHATMA GANDHIS VISION
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharthnagar (U.P.) - 272202., Shukla Shivam , Ram Tripathi Asha ,   Ex-Head & Dean, Faculty of Commerce, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.) - 221005., Kumar Shukla Sudhir ,   Ex-Head, Department of Commerce, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi (U.P.) - 221002., Shukla Akshita ,   Post Graduate Diploma in Management, Jaipuria Institute of Management, Lucknow (U.P.) - 221010.
Published: May 2022

The greatest quality of a person is self-reliance. A self-reliant person can become a support for himself. If a person is self-sufficient, then he definitely does not need the help of anyone else. Our country of India has been one of the ancient cultures of the world and seeing the culture, colour and style of this country, we can say that India is already quite self-sufficient. The true meaning of self-reliance is to develop oneself with ones own skills. Every person wants that he should become self-reliant, whether it is through his lifestyle or his manner. The inspiration for India to become self-reliant came from Mahatma Gandhis civil disobedience movement. Under this movement people stopped wearing foreign clothes and wore their own hand woven clothes. Now at present this campaign of India will fulfil that dream and India will become self-reliant. With the aim of making India self-reliant, the Prime Minister of the country, Shri Narendra Modi, had announced this campaign on 12 May 2020, in which he addressed the country and said that this is a good initiative to improve Indias economy. Under this campaign, most of the items will be manufactured in India in the coming few years. For this reason, the name of this campaign has been kept as self-reliant. Under this campaign, all those foreign dependencies are to be reduced, due to which most of Indias trade is dependent on other neighbouring countries. In this, without relying on outside items, it is involved in this campaign to prepare good quality products at our own level outside in our country itself.
CUSHINGS SYNDROME WITH BILATERAL ADRENAL MASSES: WHAT MANAGEMENT?
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez., Melki Fatimazahrae , Saadaoui Loubna ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez., Salhi Houda ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez.,   Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fez, Morocco., El Ouahabi Hanan ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez.,   Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fez, Morocco.
Published: May 2022

ACTH independent Cushings syndrome (CS) with bilateral adrenal masses is an extremely rare entity. Its management constitutes a challenge to clinicians due to difficulty of exact location of the functional lesions. We herein report a case of a 42-year-old patient with a heavy smoking history who presented a CS for 2 years. Serial examinations revealed ACTH independent CS and bilateral adrenal masses on adrenal computed tomography the largest was on the left measuring 30 x 27 mm. Then the patient underwent a laparoscopic adrenalectomy for left adrenal tumor which diagnosed as an adrenal cortical adenoma with a Weiss Score <2 by the pathological reports. The immediate post-operative course was marked by a corticotroph deficiency that was substituted. The removal of the largest adrenal lesion could represent a therapeutic alternative in the management of bilateral adrenal masses when functional and / or invasive exploration isnt available.
THE EFFECT OF GROSS REGIONAL DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND NUMBER OF POPULATION ON POVERTY LEVEL IN PADANG PARIAMAN DISTRICT INDONESIA
Authors:   Postgraduate Students of University Borobudur Jakarta Indonesia., Meidona Syofria , Hendri Novi ,   Lecture Universityof Sumatera Barat Indonesia., a Sumarni ,   Lecture University of Borobudur, Jakarta, Indonesia., Putri Delima Dina ,   Student of University Sumatera Barat Indonesia.
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of regional gross domestic product and population on the poverty level in the district of Padang Pariaman partially and simultaneously. The classical assumption tests used are normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. While the hypothesis testing used is the t-test, f-test, and R-test. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 22, 2021. Based on the study results, the multiple linear regression equation Log Y = 11.906 â€“ 0.548X1 + 0.512X2.The t-test showed that the gross regional domestic product has a negative and significant effect on the poverty level, as evidenced by the value of 0.001 < 0.05. While the population has a positive and significant effect on the poverty level, as evidenced by the value 0.048 < 0.05. The f-test showed that simultaneously gross regional domestic product and population with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (RÂ²) showed a value of 0.804 or 80.4%. So, it is said that 80.4% of the poverty rate is influenced by gross regional domestic product and population. At the same time, the remaining 19.6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
How Great are Implication Factors for Employee Engagement in Application-Based Technology Company?
Authors: Azmy Ahmad
Published: May 2022

Dimensions of organizational culture, training and development, job environment, and supervisor relationship have implications for employee engagement. Employee engagement is needed to produce high-quality work results in the application company. The purpose of the research was to analyze the factors with implications for employee engagement. The research objective was an application-based technology company in Indonesia. The sampling approach used a stratified method. Then, the number of respondents was 100 people. Meanwhile, the analysis method applied Partial Least Square (PLS). The results reveal that four variables have implications for employee engagement. The training and development dimension has the highest implications for employee engagement. The company must implement organizational culture in accordance with its core business values. Then, the conduciveness of the work environment must be increased to provide a positive psychological effect for employees. Similarly, supervisor relationships must be well maintained to monitor the work process. These four variables prove that the application-based technology company needs an increase in employee engagement to generate new business ideas. Innovation and creativity can be generated through employee engagement. The conclusion is that application-based technology company must pay attention to the application of culture organization and the sustainability of training and development programs, provide a comfortable job environment, and maintain supervisor relationships with their employees.
PANDEMIZAR LAS RELACIONES DE PROJIMIDAD. LUCAS 10, 25- 37 EN LA PROPUESTA ANTROPOLÓGICA DE LAÍN ENTRALGO
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Oriente. Antioquia, Colombia, García Echeverri Jonny Alexander
Published: May 2022

La pandemia ocasionada por el covid-19, es un tiempo propicio para restaurar una praxis del amor samaritano. La virosis, como toda enfermedad, es un tiempo kairótico para reinterpretar el sentido de la existencia y acercarse al otro: pandemizar las relaciones. El objetivo central del escrito se direcciona a hacer un acercamiento a la perícopa del samaritano misericordioso (Lc. 10, 25–37) a partir de las categorías antropológicas –encuentro, creencia y amor samaritano– resaltadas por el médico español, en su obra Teoría y realidad del otro, Tomo II. Para hacerlo, el texto se estructurará en cuatro momentos desde los cuales, primero, se interrogue por las raíces históricas del invidualismo moderno; se sitúe la parábola en la biografía y autobiografía del médico español; se constituya una plesiología de la vida cotidiana a partir de las categorías encuentro, creencia y amor samaritano; y, por último, se convoque a cotidianizar las relaciones interpersonales en la sociedad actual. De este modo, sugiere el autor, se podrá vivir la fraternidad y la amistad social como respuesta a la crisis mundial que vive la sociedad: la de las relaciones interpersonales.
LOS PRONUNCIAMIENTOS DEL EPISCOPADO CHILENO EN LOS AÑOS DE LA DICTADURA MILITAR, 1973-1990
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Silva Gatica Sergio
Published: May 2022

En el contexto de los abusos en la iglesia, el papa Francisco citó a los obispos de Chile a un encuentro en Roma, en mayo de 2018. Para iniciar la reflexión, les entregó una carta reservada y les pidió que la meditaran. En ella constata, con dolor, que la iglesia en Chile ha perdido la inspiración profética que tuvo en las décadas anteriores. En este artículo se revisa un aspecto de esa inspiración, de la mano de las intervenciones del episcopado ante las violaciones de los derechos humanos durante la dictadura mi-litar, 1973-1990. En particular, reaccionan contra la tortura, la desaparición forzada de personas detenidas por fuerzas de seguridad del régimen, y la expulsión de destacados disidentes, entre ellos sacerdotes, religiosas y laicos que colaboran en instituciones de iglesia; defienden asimismo el valor de la actividad política. Piensan que en el trasfondo de estos problemas están la ausencia de una Constitución política aprobada por el pueblo, además de las debilidades del Poder judicial, que habitualmente se conforma con la legalidad imperante. Denuncian que los costos de las enormes dificultades económicas del país en la primera década del régimen militar se hacen cargar sobre los hombros de los pobres. Terminada la dictadura, el episcopado insiste en la imperiosa necesidad de resolver el problema de los detenidos desaparecidos, conociendo la verdad y haciendo justicia, sin lo cual no habrá reconciliación posible en país; y denuncian la creciente brecha entre ricos y pobres.
COVID-19: HACIA UN CAMINO DE CONVERSIÓN INTEGRAL DEL SER HUMANO
Authors:   Universidad Santo Tomás, Colombia, Rivera Roberto Hernán Yesid
Published: May 2022

Al comenzar el año 2020 con seguridad muy pocas personas imaginaron todas las consecuencias que el virus denominado COVID-19, iba a desencadenar en el mundo entero. Este año la humanidad se ha visto forzada a cambiar muchos de sus proyectos, así como la forma y estilo de trabajar, convivir, o de encontrarse para orar y celebrar su fe en comunidad. Sin embargo, a pesar de dichos cambios y de las víctimas, muertes y angustia producidos por el «Coronavirus», los seres humanos no hemos sido capaces de reaccionar, ni de cambiar de rumbo hacía procesos de vida auténticamente humanizadores. En el presente artículo se expone una reflexión en torno a la pertinencia y urgencia de un proceso de conversión personal y comunitaria a una ecología integral, la cual incluye el bienestar humano (físico, psíquico y actitudinal), la opción por el prójimo y la búsqueda de una cultura del respeto y cuidado de la creación (la «Casa Común»).
LA RISA DE SARA O ISAAC-EL HUMOR DE DIOS.PERSPECTIVAS ANTROPOLÓGICO-FUNDAMENTALES EN TORNO AL HUMOR COMO ESPACIO DE VIDA EN EL CICLO DE ABRAHAM
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Espinosa Arce Juan Pablo
Published: May 2022

La propuesta busca presentar una indicación desde la Antropología Teológica Funda-mental a la dimensión humana del humor. Para ello, se realiza una lectura del relato de la risa de Sara en Génesis 21,6 la cual se enfoca desde aportes filosóficos y teológicos recientes. La tesis que se busca proponer es que el humor constituye un espacio de vida y humanización en medio de la vejez y esterilidad de Sara. Si el relato y la experiencia que afecta al patriarca y a la matriarca común (Abraham y Sara), de la misma manera el humor debería ser un espacio para la Iglesia y sus propias vivencias.
ESPIRITUALIDAD DEL PRESBÍTERO DIOCESANO: PISTAS PARA HACER DE LA CRISIS UN KAIRÓS EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors:   Seminario San Antonio Abad. Cusco, Perú., Alberto Zottola Ariel
Published: May 2022

The topic addressed is the spirituality of the diocesan priest, impacted by the sociocultural reality that generates crises and opportunities for a more and more profound experience of his own vocation and mission. The pillars on which the concrete proposal rests are: 1) The perception that dissociation is the cause of the loss of unity in the lives of priests; 2) The identifi cation of the existential theological category of following Jesus in the dynamics of pastoral charity as a giver of meaning and unity to the life of priests; 3) The eff ort to overcome the conceptions of the spiritual life that do not allow to harmonize the external activity with the interiority, proper to the diocesan priest. The “common thread” proposed for the spirituality of the diocesan priest, which can give unity to the various elements of his spiritual life, is pastoral charity that “eucha-ristizes, mercies and anoints” in his receptive dynamism and donations.
HISTORIA DE LAS EXPERIENCIAS MISIONERAS DE LAS DIÓCESIS DE CORPUS CHRISTI Y DE AUSTIN, TEXAS EN ARTEAGA y COAHUILA, MÉXICO (1973-2001)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile, Gomes Moreira José Aparecido
Published: May 2022

El artículo es un breve relato histórico de las experiencias misioneras de dos diócesis texanas, Corpus Christi y Austin, entre los años de 1973 y 2001 acompañado de una reflexión teológico-pastoral a la luz de los documentos de Medellín (1968) y Puebla (1979). Esas experiencias fueron realizadas en el contexto de la historia posconciliar de la colaboración entre las iglesias de Norte América y América Latina en América Latina en respuesta al llamado del papa Juan XXIII. Durante la década que va de la clausura del Concilio Vaticano II (1965) hasta la primera mitad de los años 1970, fue notable el crecimiento del número de personal misionero europeo y norteamericano en América Latina y el Caribe. La realidad socio-política y religiosa del continente latinoamericano desde la revolución cubana, de los movimientos para el socialismo y de lucha por los derechos humanos y contra los gobiernos militares y autocráticos, influyeron determinantemente en la praxis eclesial, en la doctrina social de la iglesia y en la transformación del sentido de la misión.
MISA POPULAR SALVADOREÑA:BANQUETE Y TRANSFIGURACIÓN
Authors:   Universidad del Biobío, Concepción, Chile, Uribe Ulloa Héctor
Published: May 2022

El presente texto esboza, desde el análisis de la misa popular salvadoreña, la concepción pastoral de dos grandes mártires de la Iglesia de San Salvador: Mons. Oscar Romero y Rutilio Grande SJ. Se abordan los conceptos de invitación al banquete, y transfiguración desde el discurso de las homilías de Romero y Rutilio Grande y cómo este pensamiento pastoral está representado en la misa popular salvadoreña. Se describen también los elementos que dieron pie a la creación de misas populares en Latinoamérica teniendo como punto de partida el Concilio Vaticano II.
Differential Impact of Biologic Therapy on Heart Function Biomarkers in Rheumatoid
Arthritis Patients: Observational Study on Etanercept, Adalimumab, and
Tocilizumab
Authors: Dubiel-Braszczok Beata , Nowak Karolina , Owczarek Aleksander , Engelmann Małgorzata , Gumkowska-Sroka Olga , Kotyla Przemysław J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents the most frequent form of inflammatory arthritis,
affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. The introduction of novel therapeutic strategies targeting
proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and interleukin-6) revolutionized the treatment of RA. This kind of
treatment, although effective in a substantial portion of patients, may potentially cause many side effects.
Among them, cardiovascular safety is one of the main concerns.

Objectives:

In the present study, we investigated the impact of treatment with anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-6 agents
on heart function and levels of heart function biomarkers.

Methods:

To measure this, we used cardiac function biomarkers, such as NT-pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide, mid
regional pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, Galectin-3, and Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein and compared
them to patients treated with methotrexate as well as healthy controls.

Results:

Patients treated with biologics were characterized by low disease activity or were in remission. The
disease activity in these groups was significantly lower than in the methotrexate group. All patients recruited for
the study were characterized by normal heart function measured using echocardiography (EF>50%). With the
exception of MR-proANP between tocilizumab and adalimumab (median: 1.01 vs. 0.49 nmol/L, p< 0.05), we
failed to observe any significant differences in biomarkers levels between groups treated with biologics. Contrary
to this, patients on MTX showed higher NT-proBNP levels compared to adalimumab and healthy controls
(p< 0.05 for both). Striking differences have been shown in regard to H-FABP. The levels of these biomarkers
were elevated in all biologics and the methotrexate group compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion:

As this biomarker reflects potential heart injury, we suggest that heart damage proceeds in a continuous
manner in RA patients despite effective treatment and attainment of remission/low disease activity. This
finding, however, should be verified in a larger cohort of RA patients to ascertain if the routine assessment of
H-FABP may be useful for the detection of patients with RA who are at risk of development of heart damage.
Etiopathogenesis of Psoriasis from Genetic Perspective: An updated Review
Authors: Torkamandi Shahram , Mikaeili Haleh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Babaie Farhad , Omraninava Melodi , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Khosrojerdi Arezou , Aslani Saeed , Yazdchi Arsalan , Sathyapalan Thozhukat
Published: May 2022

Psoriasis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by the aberrant proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, leading to skin lesions. Abnormal immune responses mediated by T cells and dendritic cells and increased production of inflammatory cytokines have been suggested as underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a heritable basis for psoriatic disorders. Moreover, numerous gene variations have been associated with the disease risk, particularly those in innate and adaptive immune responses and antigen presentation pathways. Herein, this article discusses the genetic implications of psoriatic diseases' etiopathogenesis to develop novel investigative and management options.
Biology of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Skeleton Disease: Osteonecrosis in Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Authors: Gupta Ankita , Tripathi Lokesh , Pandey Sanjay , Dwivedi Deepak
Published: May 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive trait of genetic hemoglobin disorder whose prevalence is varied from 5 to 25 % of the world population. It is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin (HbS) instead of normal hemoglobin (HbA). An individual suffering from sickle cell disease is likely to be at risk of osteonecrosis which is a form of ischemic bone infarction which causes intolerable degenerative joint problems and can affect 30-50% of people with sickle cell disease. The femoral head is the most frequent epiphyseal location in osteonecrosis with sickle cell disease. In this review, the Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-a subfamily of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) characteristics, outlined the osteoblastogenesis potentiality via using combinatorial or advanced treatment approaches. In this review, we aim to describe the Bone morphogenetic proteins' role in Skeleton diseases and discuss the potent osteogenic BMPs (majorly BMP-2, BMP-6, and BMP-7) with therapeutic benefits.
Natural-Derived COX-2 Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs: A Review of their Structural Diversity and Mechanism of Action
Authors: Zarghi Afshin , Mahboubi-Rabbani Mohammad , Abbasi Maryam
Published: May 2022

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key-type enzyme playing a crucial role in cancer development, making it a target of high interest for drug designers. In the last two decades, numerous selective COX-2 inhibitors have been approved for various clinical conditions. However, data from clinical trials propose that the prolonged use of COX-2 inhibitors is associated with life-threatening cardiovascular side effects. The data indicate that a slight structural modification can help develop COX-2 selective inhibitors with comparative efficacy and limited side effects. In this regard, secondary metabolites from natural sources offer great hope for developing novel COX-2 inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. In recent years, various nature-derived organic scaffolds are being explored as leads for developing new COX-2 inhibitors. The current review attempts to highlight the COX-2 inhibition activity of some naturally occurring secondary metabolites, concerning their capacity to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and inhibit cancer development, aiming to establish a structure-activity relationship.
Lactic Acid Bacteria Metabolism: Mini-Review
Authors: Mazguene Souhila
Published: May 2022

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria found
in various ecological niches: fermented and non-fermented foods, the intestinal tract and vagina
of humans and animals, and the environment. They are microorganisms used as probiotics, food
supplements, and fermentates due to their characteristics of fermentation and safety status. LAB
are responsible for the sensory and shelf life of fermented foods, gut microbiota equilibrium, and
health modulation through different metabolic activities by the action of various enzymes. These
enzymes degrade the major compounds: carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, leading to the production
of new metabolites that are important to study with the aim of understanding all metabolic
pathways and diverse possible applications. The present work summarizes the metabolism of
LAB, including different pathways, key enzymes, and specific aspects of certain species.
The Effect of Reflexology on the Anxiety of Pregnant Women During
Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abbaszadeh Zeinab , Malakouti Jamileh , Maghalian Mahsa , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: May 2022

Background:

Reflexology is a non-invasive, inexpensive, and simple technique that can be employed for pregnant women.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the effects of reflexology on anxiety during labor (primary outcome) and its side effects (secondary outcome).

Methods:

In this systematic review, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Science Direct, and ProQuest databases were searched systematically and without time constraints until 20 April 2021. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using Cochrane Handbook and the meta-analysis was performed utilizing RevMan 5.3. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 statistic and, as there was heterogeneity between the studies, subgroup analysis was carried out based on the control group. Since the anxiety assessment tools in the included studies were identical, the mean difference (MD) was reported. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results:

Six studies that included 643 pregnant women were investigated in this systematic review. The results of the meta-analysis using five of the studies revealed that reflexology significantly lowered the mean scores for maternal anxiety compared to routine care or simple massage (MD: -11.34; 95% CI: -16.28 to -6.40). None of the studies reported any specific side effects after reflexology treatment.

Conclusion:

Reflexology can decrease maternal anxiety during labor. However, given the small number of studies and the high or unclear bias risk in most of them, no definitive conclusions can be drawn and it is recommended that further research with stronger methodologies be conducted on this subject.
Computational Model for Prediction of Foxo Protein Employing Ensemble
Learning Algorithm
Authors: Jain Shruti
Published: May 2022

Aims:

In this paper, Forkhead box O (FOXO) protein using the ensemble learning algorithm is predicted. When FOXO is in excess in the human body, it leads to LNCap prostate cancer cells, and if deficit leading neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective:

Neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are neurological illnesses that are caused by damaged brain cells. For prediction of FOXO protein, Gradient Boosted Machine (GBM) and Random forest (RF) techniques are used.

Method:

The main idea of using GBM is its non-linear nature but it is difficult for any single decision tree to fit all training. To overcome this, an RF algorithm is used. RF combines the results at the end of the process by average or majority rules, while the GBM algorithm combines the results along the way.

Results:

A total of 29.16% improvement has been observed by RF over GBM. Average square error is also evaluated to check the testing and training of data for 100 trees on 100 tree sizes.

Conclusion:

In this paper, a computational model for the prediction of FOXO protein using ensemble learning techniques (Random Forest and GBM) has been proposed. If the dataset has many variable features and the prediction accuracy is not as important then RF can be considered. On the other hand, GBMs are better suited for datasets that have very few or fewer input features and where high accuracy predictions are required. However, there are instances when either GBM or RF can perform equally well depending on how they are tuned.
Role of Superantigens in Various Childhood Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Noorbakhsh Samileh , Ashouri Sarvenaz , Moradkhani Masoumeh
Published: May 2022

Superantigens (Sags) are a part of some viral or bacterial proteins that stimulate T cells and
antigen-presenting cells leading to systemic immune repose and inflammation. SAgs might have a
possible role in various inflammatory childhood diseases (e.g., Kawasaki disease, atopic dermatitis,
and chronic rhinosinusitis). Worldwide studies have been conducted to determine the role of staphylococcal
SAgs (TSST-1) in various inflammatory diseases. The SAgs (TSST-1) not only induce sepsis
and septic shock (even in negative blood culture for S. aureus), but may also have a significant role in
various childhood inflammatory diseases (e.g., KD, OMS, Polyp, dermatitis, psoriasis). In proven
Sags-induced inflammatory diseases, the inhibition of the cell-destructive process by SAgs suppressants
might be helpful. In toxic shock or sepsis-like presentation and even in cases with negative blood
cultures, immediate use of anti staphylococcal drugs is required. Occasionally, the clinical presentation
of some human viruses (e.g., coronavirus and adenovirus) mimics KD. In addition, coinfection with
adenovirus, coronavirus, and para-influenza virus type 3 has also been observed with KD. It has been
observed that in developed KD, bacterial sags induced an increase in acute-phase reactants and in the
number of white blood cells, and neutrophil counts. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
(MISC) and KS were observed during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This study summarized the
relationship between viral and bacterial SAgs and childhood inflammatory diseases.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy For Cerebral Hemodynamic Monitoring During Carotid Endarterectomy Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Rein Letícia Cristina Dalledone Siqueira , Siqueira Daniel Emílio Dalledone , Guillaumon Ana Terezinha , Avelar Wagner Mauad , Cendes Fernando
Published: May 2022

Background:

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive method for continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygenation.

Objective:

To describe the intraoperative behavior of NIRS variables used to evaluate hemodynamic response in patients with atherosclerotic disease undergoing carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia.

Methods:

Fifteen volunteers with atherosclerotic carotid disease with indications for endarterectomy were evaluated. After selection of patients, carotid stenosis was confirmed by appropriate diagnostic methods. NIRS was used for intraoperative monitoring. The variables total hemoglobin (Hb), oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) were evaluated at three intraoperative time points: before, during, and after carotid clamping.

Results and Discussion:

Measurements recorded by NIRS showed that, during the first 5 min of clamp time, patients experienced a decline in O2Hb levels, an increase in HHb levels, and a marked decrease in rSO2. Hb remained constant throughout the procedure. At the post-clamping time point, HHb, O2Hb, and rSO2returned to patterns similar to those observed before clamping.

Conclusion:

NIRS was able to reliably and accurately identify the three stages of carotid endarterectomy and may predict the risk of cerebral hypoxia during carotid clamping under general anesthesia.
Factors Influencing Healthcare Workers’ Perception of South African Health System Capability for Managing COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mokhele Tholang , Manyaapelo Thabang , Sifunda Sibusiso , Dukhi Natisha , Sewpaul Ronel , Naidoo Inbarani , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Moshabela Mosa , Reddy Priscilla
Published: May 2022

Background:

During the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa in March 2020, there was an urgent mobilization of healthcare workers (HCWs) who had to adapt quickly to a challenging health system. Therefore, this paper examines factors associated with HCWs’ perceptions of the South African health system’s capability for managing COVID-19 during the early stages of the pandemic.

Methods:

Data utilised in this paper were obtained from an online survey conducted among HCWs using a structured questionnaire on a data-free online platform. The study population included all HCWs in South Africa. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors influencing HCWs’ perceptions of the South African health system capability for managing COVID-19.

Results:

Of the 5,274 respondents, 22.0% indicated that the South African health system would manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased odds of perceiving that the South African health system was capable of managing COVID-19 were significantly associated with being male (aOR = 1.55 95%CI [1.22-1.97], p<0.001), being 50-59 years old (aOR = 1.94 [1.31-2.87], p=0.001) and 60 years and older (aOR = 2.27 [1.34-3.84], p=0.002), working in other sector (aOR = 1.42 [1.10-1.84], p=0.007), and having confidence in their overall knowledge about COVID-19 (aOR = 1.92 [1.52-2.41], p<0.001). Decreased odds of perceiving that the South African health system was capable of managing COVID-19 were significantly associated with HCWs being White (aOR = 0.29 [0.22-0.38], p<0.001) and Indian/Asian (aOR = 0.45 [0.33-0.62], p<0.001), being medical practitioner (aOR = 0.55 [0.41-0.73], p<0.001), and having moderate (aOR = 0.70 [0.50-0.99], p=0.042) or high risk perceptions (aOR = 0.55 [0.39-0.77], p<0.001) of contracting COVID-19.

Conclusion:

In the early days of the pandemic, most HCWs felt that the health system would not cope with COVID-19. Healthcare workers’ experience (a proxy for HCWs’ age), work sector, confidence in their knowledge about COVID-19, and their risk perceptions were key factors affecting their perception of the health system’s capability.
Obesity as a Neurobiologic Disorder: A Heavyweight Contender
Authors: Chávez-Castillo Mervin , Duran Pablo , Garrido Bermary , Díaz Andrea , Escalona Daniel , Cano Clímaco
Published: May 2022

Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic condition characterized by an abnormal or excessive
accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue, capable of decreasing life expectancy. Chronically,
the exacerbated inflammatory response interferes with the proper functioning of organs
and tissues, becoming the cornerstone of various major metabolic imbalances in different systems,
such as the central nervous system. Considering this, obesity’s meta-inflammation indirectly
affects brain regions related to psychiatric illnesses and cognitive function. Also, it has
been established that several neurobiological mechanisms related to appetite regulation and
impulse control disorders could explain the onset of obesity. Thus, due to the high prevalence
of mental illnesses linked to obese patients and the fact that a bidirectional relation between
these two entities has been observed, many efforts have been made to establish an effective and
secure pharmacological approach to obesity. In this context, several psychotropics and appetite-
suppressant drugs, along with lifestyle changes, have been highlighted as promising therapeutic
tools against obesity.
Title Page & Table of Contents
Authors: Vanlee Florian
Published: May 2022

DiGeSt 9(1) General Issue - Title Page & Table of Contents
Editorial
Authors: Vanlee Florian , Van Raemdonck An
Published: May 2022

DiGeSt 9(1) General Issue - Editorial
Ageivism Roundtable
Authors: De Graeve Katrien , Meulenbelt Anja , Backer Ryan , De Vuyst Sara , Jacobs Katrien , Swinnen Aagje
Published: May 2022

In spite of the increased attention to the intersection of people’s various social, cultural, economic and political locations, the discriminations that come with old age are often neglected in gender studies. Some have even pointed to the inadvertent ageism in the field (e.g. Calasanti et al., 2006). While in social gerontology there is considerable attention to older women, this is not necessarily from a feminist or intersectional perspective, and the field has been accused (by e.g. Hogan, 2016) of the unintentional use of sexist concepts and stereotypes. It has also been critiqued for looking at age and gender in additive ways, with a tendency to foreground older women’s misery (e.g. by Krekula, 2007; Calasanti and Slevin, 2006). Since the 1990s, critical age(ing) studies have emerged as a distinct field, which has led to the publication of several important books and articles that have addressed the topic of gerontophobia or ageism and the ‘sexageism’ women face in particular (e.g. Gullette, 2004; Woodward, 1991; Cruikshank, 2009/2003; Holstein, 2015; Segal, 2013; Bouson, 2016; Arber and Ginn, 1991).2 This body of work has pointed to the need of theorizing ‘the system of inequality, based on age, which privileges the not-old at the expense of the old’ (Calasanti et al., 2006) and asked attention for how the stigma affixed to old age and the age relations that keep young and old groups in their respective places, serve capitalist and patriarchal power relations. So far, however, age-based oppression has still not been taken to the centre of feminist analysis. Discriminations that specifically affect older women are not high on the feminist activist agenda either. In this Spring 2022 General Issue, the Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies (DiGeSt) aims to call attention to ageism and the need for including it in feminist theory and activism. It also aims to raise awareness of older women’s strategies of resistance and activism that may inspire new perceptions and experiences of ageing.