bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of gingerenone A as a novel senolytic compound
Authors: Moaddel Ruin , Rossi Martina , Rodriguez Stephanie , Munk Rachel , Khadeer Mohammed , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: March 2022

Senescent cells accumulate with aging and have been shown to contribute to age-associated diseases and organ dysfunction. Eliminating senescent cells with senolytic drugs has been shown to improve age phenotypes in mouse models and there is some initial evidence that it may improve the health of persons with chronic diseases. In this study, we employed WI-38 human fibroblasts rendered senescent by exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) to screen several plant extracts for their potential senolytic and/or senomorphic activity. Of these, ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) selectively caused the death of senescent cells without affecting proliferating cells. Among the major individual components of ginger extract, gingerenone A and 6-shogaol showed promising senolytic properties, with gingerenone A selectively eliminating senescent cells. Similar to the senolytic cocktail dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), gingerenone A and 6-shogaol elicited an apoptotic program. Additionally, both D+Q and gingerenone A had a pronounced effect on suppressing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Gingerenone A selectively promotes the death of senescent cells with no effect on non-senescent cells and these characteristics strongly support the idea that this natural compound may have therapeutic benefit in diseases characterized by senescent cell accumulation.
Slowing deforestation in Indonesia follows declining oil palm expansion and lower oil prices
Authors: Gaveau David L. A. , Locatelli Bruno , Salim Mohammad A. , Husnayaen  , Manurung Timer , Descals Adrià , Angelsen Arild , Meijaard Erik , Sheil Douglas
Published: March 2022

Much concern about tropical deforestation focuses on oil palm plantations, but their impacts remain poorly quantified. Using nation-wide interpretation of satellite imagery, and sample-based error calibration, we estimated the impact of large-scale (industrial) and smallholder oil palm plantations on natural old-growth (“primary”) forests from 2001 to 2019 in Indonesia, the world’s largest palm oil producer. Over nineteen years, the area mapped under oil palm doubled, reaching 16.24 Mha in 2019 (64% industrial; 36% smallholder), more than the official estimates of 14.72 Mha. The forest area declined by 11% (9.79 Mha), including 32% (3.09 Mha) ultimately converted into oil palm, and 29% (2.85 Mha) cleared and converted in the same year. Industrial plantations replaced more forest than detected smallholder plantings (2.13 Mha vs 0.72 Mha). New plantations peaked in 2009 and 2012 and declined thereafter. Expansion of industrial plantations and forest loss were correlated with palm oil prices. A price decline of 1% was associated with a 1.08% decrease in new industrial plantations and with a 0.68% decrease of forest loss. Deforestation fell below pre-2004 levels in 2017–2019 providing an opportunity to focus on sustainable management. As the price of palm oil has doubled since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective regulation is key to minimising future forest conversion.
First study on diversity and antimicrobial-resistant profile of staphylococci in sports animals of Southern Thailand
Authors: Fungwithaya Punpichaya , Boonchuay Kanpapat , Narinthorn Ruethai , Sontigun Narin , Sansamur Chalutwan , Petcharat Yotsapat , Thomrongsuwannakij Thotsapol , Wongtawan Tuempong
Published: March 2022

Background and Aim: Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that antimicrobial agents might be extensively used for the treatment and cause the existence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and AMR profile of staphylococci in sports animals (riding horses, fighting bulls, and fighting cocks) in South Thailand.

Materials and Methods: Nasal (57 fighting bulls and 33 riding horses) and skin swabs (32 fighting cocks) were taken from 122 animals. Staphylococci were cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar and then identified species by biochemical tests using the VITEK® 2 card for Gram-positive organisms in conjunction with the VITEK® 2 COMPACT machine and genotypic identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with VITEK® 2 AST-GN80 test kit cards and VITEK® 2 COMPACT machine. Detection of AMR genes (mecA, mecC, and blaZ) and staphylococcal chromosomal mec (SCCmec) type was evaluated by PCR.

Results: Forty-one colonies of staphylococci were isolated, and six species were identified, including Staphylococcus sciuri (61%), Staphylococcus pasteuri (15%), Staphylococcus cohnii (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (7%), Staphylococcus warneri (5%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2%). Staphylococci were highly resistant to two drug classes, penicillin (93%) and cephalosporin (51%). About 56% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and the majority was S. sciuri (82%), which is primarily found in horses. Most MRS (82%) were multidrug-resistant. Almost all (96%) of the mecA-positive MRS harbored the blaZ gene. Almost all MRS isolates possessed an unknown type of SCCmec. Interestingly, the AMR rate was notably lower in fighting bulls and cocks than in riding horses, which may be related to the owner's preference for herbal therapy over antimicrobial drugs.

Conclusion: This study presented many types of staphylococci displayed on bulls, cocks, and horses. However, we found a high prevalence of MRS in horses that could be transmitted to owners through close contact activities and might be a source of AMR genotype transmission to other staphylococci.
AS MARCAS DO CÁRCERE: 5 ANOS
Authors: Ayres França Leandro , Ramos Artuso Alysson
Published: March 2022

Resenha de: FRANÇA, Leandro Ayres; STEFFEN NETO, Alfredo; ARTUSO, Alysson Ramos. As marcas do cárcere. Curitiba: iEA Sociedade, 2016. ISBN 978-85-67644-13-4.
A LEI DO GOVERNO DIGITAL NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES À TRANSPARÊNCIA PÚBLICA E À CONCRETIZAÇÃO DO EXERCÍCIO DO CONTROLE SOCIAL
Authors: Tavares André Afonso , Müller Bitencourt Caroline , Da Silva Cristóvam José Sérgio
Published: March 2022

Contextualização do tema: as transformações experimentadas pela sociedade por meio do incremento da tecnologia, em especial, a partir da invenção da rede mundial de computadores, a Internet, são sentidas e vivenciadashá algum tempo por todos.Objetivos: Busca-se com a presente pesquisa investigar quais são as contribuições legais trazidas pela Lei Geral de Dados - Lei n. 14.129/21 para a concretização do exercício do controle social, por meio do aumento do acesso à informação e da transparência pública no Brasil.Metodologia: Utiliza como técnica de investigação a análise bibliográfica teórico-conceitual, que implica considerações da doutrina e da legislação pertinente. Como método científico propugna pela realização de uma revisão no entorno da seguinte hipótese: que 14.129/21 avança no caminho da transparência e controle social, na medida que se preocupa com a comunicação. Resultados: como conclusão, verificou-se que, ao passo que trouxe maiores regulamentações à transparência pública ativa e à abertura das bases de dados governamentais, no âmbito digital, trouxe avanços normativos importantes para a implementação do governo digital como plataforma para o controle social, além de relevantes instrumentos à inovação, tais como os laboratórios de inovação e redes de conhecimento, preocupando-se com a comunicação como pressuposto para a transparência.
PANORAMA GENERAL DEL DERECHO MEDIOAMBIENTAL EN NICARAGUA
Authors: Navarro Karlos
Published: March 2022

Contextualização do tema: en este artículo se aborda el marco constitucional del derecho ambiental en la Constitución de la Republica de Nicaragua de 1987, y los tratados internacionales firmados por Nicaragua en materia de medio ambiente entre ellos los relacionados con la contaminación, biodiversidad, cambio climático, vida silvestre y humedales. Asimismo, se estudia la jurisprudencia en materia del medio ambiente dictada por la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Nicaragua, relacionada con temas como la Concesión de Recursos Naturales, permiso de pesca y de explotación forestal. Objetivos: analiza el panorama general del derecho medioambiental en Nicaragua.Metodologia: para el desarrollo de la investigación, la metodología utilizada en la Fase de Investigación fue inductiva, se utilizó como técnica la revisión de la literatura y los resultados se expresaron según la base lógica inductiva.Resultados: se concluyó que la Constitución Política de Nicaragua de 1987, y sus reformas, ha estado influenciada por las corrientes ambientalistas nacionales y extranjeras, particularmente conferencias o cónclaves mundiales.
Incidence Trends of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Southern European Country: A Mirror of the Western World?
Authors: Santiago Mafalda , Stocker Francisco , Ministro Paula , Gonçalves Raquel , Carvalho Diana , Portela Francisco , Correia Luís , Lago Paula , Trindade Eunice , Dias Cláudia Camila , Magro Fernando
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects people from all age categories worldwide. Although the incidence of the disease is stabilizing or decreasing in most Western world countries, its prevalence is still increasing because of the rise in life expectancy and better disease management. This work intends to identify the trends related to IBD incidence nationwide, analyzing regional, sex, and age distributions.

METHODS:

Data were provided by the Portuguese Shared Services of the Ministry of Health. This study consisted of a retrospective analysis of all first consultations coded for “Chronic enteritis/ulcerative colitis” (D94) in a primary healthcare setting, between 2017 and 2020, in Portugal. The primary outcome measure was the IBD incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants. We also calculated the incidence rate per person-year and forecasted incidence until 2024.

RESULTS:

Between 2017 and 2019, the incidence rate of IBD in Portugal decreased from 54.9 to 48.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. The average incidence was 20 new cases of IBD per 1,000 person-year. It was predicted that, in December 2023, IBD incidence would reach 305.4 new cases (95% Prediction Interval 156.6–454.3), a similar result to the values forecasted for December 2021 (305.4, 95% Prediction Interval 197.3–413.6).

DISCUSSION:

The incidence of IBD slightly declined from 2017 to 2019, and it is posed to stabilize in the future. The presented data are of the utmost importance for the characterization of IBD in Southern European countries and the establishment of future health policies in the setting of compounding prevalence in the Western world.
Low volume bowel preparation is associated with reduced time to colonoscopy in hospitalized patients: a propensity matched analysis
Authors: Sun Christopher L.F. , Li Darrick K. , Zenteno Ana Cecilia , Bravard Marjory A. , Carolan Peter , Daily Bethany , Elamin Sami , Ha Jasmine , Moore Amber , Safavi Kyan , Yun Brian J. , Dunn Peter , Levi Retsef , Richter James M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Delays in inpatient colonoscopy are commonly caused by inadequate bowel preparation and result in increased hospital length of stay (LOS) and healthcare costs. Low volume bowel preparation (LV-BP; sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate) has been shown to improve outpatient bowel preparation quality compared to standard high volume bowel preparations (HV-BP; polyethylene glycol). However, its efficacy in hospitalized patients has not been well-studied. We assessed the impact of LV-BP on time to colonoscopy, hospital LOS, and bowel preparation quality among inpatients.

Methods:

We performed a propensity score matched (PSM) analysis of adult inpatients undergoing colonoscopy who received either LV- or HV-BP prior to colonoscopy at a quaternary academic medical center. Multivariate regression models with feature selection were developed to assess the association between LV-BP and study outcomes.

Results:

Among 1,807 inpatients included in the study, 293 and 1,514 patients received LV- and HV-BP, respectively. Among the PSM population, LV-BP was associated with shorter time to colonoscopy (β: -0.43 [95% CI: -0.56-(-0.30)] while having similar odds of adequate preparation (odds ratio: 1.02 [95% CI: 0.71-1.46]; P=0.92). LV-BP was also significantly associated with decreased hospital LOS among elderly patients (age ≥75 years), patients with chronic kidney disease, and patients that were hospitalized with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Discussion:

LV-BP is associated with decreased time to colonoscopy in hospitalized patients. Elderly inpatients, inpatients with chronic kidney disease, and inpatients with gastrointestinal bleeding may particularly benefit from LV-BP. Prospective studies are needed to further establish the role of LV-BP for inpatient colonoscopies.
Preserved SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Cell-Mediated Immunogenicity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Immune-Modulating Therapies
Authors: Boland Brigid S. , Goodwin Benjamin , Zhang Zeli , Bloom Nathaniel , Kato Yu , Neill Jennifer , Le Helen , Tysl Tiffani , Collins Angelina E. , Dulai Parambir S. , Singh Siddharth , Nguyen Nghia H. , Grifoni Alba , Sette Alessandro , Weiskopf Daniela , Chang John T. , Dan Jennifer M.
Published: March 2022

Immune-modulating medications for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have been associated with suboptimal vaccine responses. There are conflicting data with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We therefore assessed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity at 2 weeks after second mRNA vaccination in 29 patients with IBD compared with 12 normal healthy donors. We observed reduced humoral immunity in patients with IBD on infliximab. However, we observed no difference in humoral and cell-mediated immunity in patients with IBD on infliximab with a thiopurine or vedolizumab compared with normal healthy donors. This is the first study to demonstrate comparable cell-mediated immunity with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with IBD treated with different immune-modulating medications.
O ProUni nas teses defendidas de 2007 a 2015: Onde estão os professores em exercício na Educação Básica bolsistas ProUni?
Authors: Nalin Jaime Antônio , Felicetti Vera Lucia , Pauly Evaldo Luis
Published: March 2022

O Programa Universidade Para Todos (ProUni) oportuniza o acesso à Educação Superior brasileira, para determinados grupos da população. Este estudo objetiva identificar nas teses defendidas no Brasil de 2007 a 2015, encontradas no Banco de Dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior (CAPES), como a temática do ProUni vem sendo estudada e como o 1% (SISPROUNI, 2019) dos professores bolsistas fazem parte de tais estudos. Estudo de cunho qualitativo que analisou 35 teses. Nenhum dos estudos analisados teve o professor bolsista ProUni como sujeito das pesquisas. Muitos estudos apresentam os bolsistas em curso em outros os professores desses bolsistas, os gestores e poucos com egressos do Programa. Ademais, da leitura realizada na íntegra das 35 teses emergiram duas categorias: 1) ProUnistas e seus contextos sociais, culturais, econômicos e acadêmicos; 2) Estado, Governo e IESs Privadas.
A Thermodynamical Description of Third Grade Fluid Mixtures
Authors: Gorgone Matteo , Rogolino Patrizia
Published: March 2022

A complete thermodynamical analysis for a non-reacting binary mixture exhibiting the features of a third grade fluid is analyzed. The constitutive functions are allowed to depend on the mass density of the mixture and the concentration of one of the constituents, together with their first and second order gradients, on the specific internal energy of the mixture with its first order gradient, and on the symmetric part of the gradient of barycentric velocity. Compatibility with the second law of thermodynamics is investigated by applying the extended Liu procedure. An explicit solution of the set of thermodynamic restrictions is obtained by postulating a suitable form of the constitutive relations for the diffusional mass flux, the heat flux, and the Cauchy stress tensor. Taking a first order expansion in the gradients of the specific entropy, the expression of the entropy flux is determined. It includes an additional contribution due to non-local effects.
A Variable Clock Underlies Internally Generated Hippocampal Sequences
Authors: Deng Xinyi , Chen Shizhe , Sosa Marielena , Karlsson Mattias P. , Wei Xue-Xin , Frank Loren M.
Published: March 2022

Humans have the ability to store and retrieve memories with various degrees of specificity, and recent advances in reinforcement learning have identified benefits to learning when past experience is represented at different levels of temporal abstraction. How this flexibility might be implemented in the brain remains unclear. We analyzed the temporal organization of male rat hippocampal population spiking to identify potential substrates for temporally flexible representations. We examined activity both during locomotion and during memory-associated population events known as sharp-wave ripples (SWRs). We found that spiking during SWRs is rhythmically organized with higher event-to-event variability than spiking during locomotion-associated population events. Decoding analyses using clusterless methods further indicate that a similar spatial experience can be replayed in multiple SWRs, each time with a different rhythmic structure whose periodicity is sampled from a log-normal distribution. This variability increases with experience despite the decline in SWR rates that occurs as environments become more familiar. We hypothesize that the variability in temporal organization of hippocampal spiking provides a mechanism for storing experiences with various degrees of specificity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOne of the most remarkable properties of memory is its flexibility: the brain can retrieve stored representations at varying levels of detail where, for example, we can begin with a memory of an entire extended event and then zoom in on a particular episode. The neural mechanisms that support this flexibility are not understood. Here we show that hippocampal sharp-wave ripples, which mark the times of memory replay and are important for memory storage, have a highly variable temporal structure that is well suited to support the storage of memories at different levels of detail.
Mixed Selectivity in the Cerebellar Purkinje-Cell Response during Visuomotor Association Learning
Authors: Sendhilnathan Naveen , Goldberg Michael E. , Ipata Anna E.
Published: March 2022

Although the cerebellum has been traditionally considered to be exclusively involved in motor control, recent anatomic and clinical studies show that it also has a role in reward-processing. However, the way in which the movement-related and the reward-related neural activity interact at the level of the cerebellar cortex and contribute toward learning is still unclear. Here, we studied the simple spike activity of Purkinje cells in the mid-lateral cerebellum when 2 male monkeys learned to associate a right or left-hand movement with one of two visual symbolic cues. These cells had distinctly different discharge patterns between an overtrained symbol–hand association and a novel symbol–hand association, responding in association with the movement of both hands, although the kinematics of the movement did not change between the two conditions. The activity change was not related to the pattern of the visual symbols, the movement kinematics, the monkeys' reaction times, or the novelty of the visual symbols. The simple spike activity changed throughout the learning process, but the concurrent complex spikes did not instruct that change. Although these neurons also have reward-related activity, the reward-related and movement-related signals were independent. We suggest that this mixed selectivity may facilitate the flexible learning of difficult reinforcement learning problems.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellum receives both motor-related and reward-related information. However, it is unclear how these two signals interact at the level of cerebellar cortex and contribute to learning nonmotor skills. Here we show that in the mid-lateral cerebellum, the reward information is encoded independently from the motor information such that during reward-based learning, only the reward information carried by the Purkinje cells inform learning while the motor information remains unchanged with learning.
Evolution Increases Primates Brain Complexity Extending RbFOX1 Splicing Activity to LSD1 Modulation
Authors: Forastieri Chiara , Italia Maria , Toffolo Emanuela , Romito Elena , Bonasoni Maria Paola , Ranzani Valeria , Bodega Beatrice , Rusconi Francesco , Battaglioli Elena
Published: March 2022

Recent branching (100 MYA) of the mammalian evolutionary tree has enhanced brain complexity and functions at the putative cost of increased emotional circuitry vulnerability. Thus, to better understand psychopathology, a burden for the modern society, novel approaches should exploit evolutionary aspects of psychiatric-relevant molecular pathways. A handful of genes is nowadays tightly associated to psychiatric disorders. Among them, neuronal-enriched RbFOX1 modifies the activity of synaptic regulators in response to neuronal activity, keeping excitability within healthy domains. We here dissect a higher primates-restricted interaction between RbFOX1 and the transcriptional corepressor Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A). A single nucleotide variation (AA to AG) inLSD1gene appeared in higher primates and humans, endowing RbFOX1 with the ability to promote the alternative usage of a novel 3′ AG splice site, which extends LSD1 exon E9 in the upstream intron (E9-long). Exon E9-long regulates LSD1 levels by Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay. As reintroduction of the archaicLSD1variant (AA) abolishes E9-long splicing, the novel 3′ AG splice site is necessary for RbFOX1 to control LSD1 levels. LSD1 is a homeostatic immediate early genes (IEGs) regulator playing a relevant part in environmental stress-response. In primates and humans, inclusion of LSD1 as RbFOX1 target provides RbFOX1 with the additional ability to regulate the IEGs. These data, together with extensive RbFOX1 involvement in psychiatric disorders and its stress-dependent regulation in male mice, suggest the RbFOX1-LSD1-IEGs axis as an evolutionary recent psychiatric-relevant pathway. Notably, outside the nervous system, RbFOX2-dependent LSD1 modulation could be a candidate deregulated mechanism in cancer.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo be better understood, anxiety and depression need large human genetics studies aimed at further resolving the often ambiguous, aberrant neuronal pathomechanisms that impact corticolimbic circuitry physiology. Several genetic associations of the alternative splicing regulator RbFOX1 with psychiatric conditions suggest homeostatic unbalance as a neuronal signature of psychopathology. Here we move a step forward, characterizing a disease-relevant higher primates-specific pathway by which RbFOX1 acquires the ability to regulate neuronal levels of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1, an epigenetic modulator of environmental stress response. Thus, two brain-enriched enzymes, independently shown to homeostatically protect neurons with a clear readout in terms of emotional behavior in lower mammals, establish in higher primates and humans a new functional cooperation enhancing the complexity of environmental adaptation and stress vulnerability.
Cultivo de amapola en México y alternativas al paradigma prohibicionista
Authors: Díaz Román Mario Pavel , Bravo Govea Luis
Published: March 2022

En 2007, la declaración de guerra contra las drogas y el narcotráfico en México desató dinámicas de violencia inusitadas por su intensidad y frecuencia, propiciando una crisis de derechos humanos en el país, lo que conduce a repensar la relación de la sociedad y las drogas a partir de enfoques alternativos. Es en este contexto que el presente artículo discute la temática del cultivo de amapola en México, analizando primeramente el paradigma prohibicionista de las drogas y las alternativas regulacionistas. Posteriormente se problematiza la medición de la amapola en México y se exponen algunas de las cifras estimadas, lo cual es relacionado con un estado de la cuestión sobre los acercamientos regulatorios de la amapola. Se concluye que el debate sobre la regulación de la amapola en México es reciente, proviene de diversos actores políticos y es necesario para el presente y el futuro de la seguridad pública mexicana.
Criminalización hacia mujeres migrantes en México: operativos antitrata en bares y cantinas de la región del Soconusco, Chiapas
Authors: García Alanís Paola Lilí
Published: March 2022

Con la implementación del Plan Integral Frontera Sur (PIFS), en el año 2014, el Estado mexicano desplegó una serie de dispositivos y políticas de Estado que criminalizan la migración y violentan a personas provenientes del Centroamérica. Los operativos antitrata que operan desde 2013 en el Soconusco, se sumaron a las dinámicas de criminalización y han impactado de manera diferenciada en mujeres migrantes que trabajan en bares y cantinas de las zonas de tolerancia en la región. Desde la perspectiva de género y la criminología crítica, se da cuenta de las principales violaciones a derechos humanos que resultan de los operativos y que pone a las mujeres en situación de vulnerabilidad ante delincuentes y tratantes de personas.
Interpretación de Textos Icónicos Soportada en la Teoría de Umberto Eco y Peter McLaren
Authors: Goyeneche Cordero José Gabriel
Published: March 2022

El artículo de reflexión que aquí se presenta tiene como propósito exponer y relacionar la importancia e implicaciones de la teoría semiótica de Umberto Eco, de una parte; y de otra, el rol activo del estudiante según Peter McLaren. Se deriva de la investigación que se adelanta con el fin de fortalecer el nivel de lectura interpretativa de textos icónicos en estudiantes de quinto grado del Centro Escolar Rural “Juana Berbesí” sede “La Platanala”, en el municipio de Durania departamento de Norte de Santander. Metodológicamente corresponde a una revisión descriptiva de las teorías y conceptos propuestos por los autores mencionados, para destacar su aplicabilidad y utilidad en la enseñanza de la lectura comprensiva de textos icónicos, lo cual resulta de interés en el campo educativo y lleva a concluir que el comportamiento de estas teorías es relevante al ser aplicadas en el aula, dados sus aportes al cambio en los procesos de enseñanza de la comprensión lectora y al otorgamiento del papel protagónico del estudiante. Esta revisión se derivó del análisis del problema existente en el aula en relación con los vacíos presentes en la didáctica de la comprensión e interpretación de textos icónicos, lo cual se refleja en las limitaciones que los estudiantes presentan para interpretar y comprender imágenes, acción que conduce a descifrar el mensaje o la intención comunicativa que hay en estas. Limitante además para el desarrollo de las destrezas de expresión oral o escrita, así como de otras posibilidades con las que se estimula su imaginación y creatividad. Con base en el análisis de las propuestas teóricas de los autores en mención se logra el direccionamiento de alternativas y estrategias pedagógicas que contribuyen a afianzar la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes de educación básica primaria.
Peculiarities of mesostructure and pigment complex formation in leaves of scoto- and photomorphic seedlings of horse beans under the gibberellin and tebuconazole impact
Authors:   Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University 32 Ostrozhskogo St., Vinnytsia, 21000, Ukraine, Kuryata V.G. , Kuts B.O. ,   Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University 32 Ostrozhskogo St., Vinnytsia, 21000, Ukraine
Published: March 2022

Peculiarities of leaf mesostructure formation, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments under the impact of gibberellic acid and its antagonist tebuconazole in scoto- and photomorphic seedlings of horse beans were analyzed. It was established that gibberellins take an active part in the regulation of scoto- and photomorphogenesis. Gibberellic acid and tebuconazole (retardant) significantly affected the histogenesis in leaves of scoto- and photomorphic seedlings. Under the conditions of photomorphogenesis, leaves were formed thicker in comparison to seedlings that developed in the dark. At the same time, under the influence of tebuconazole the highest thickening of leaves was noted both in the dark and light. There was a decrease in leaf thickness in scotomorphic seedlings under gibberellin action. In the dark, the gibberellin effect caused the formation of thinner tissues complexes — chlorenchyma, abaxial and adaxial epidermis. The ratio between chlorophyll a and b in the control was 4.3, under the impact of tebuconazole— 4.5, and gibberellin — 3.7. Insofar as the content and ratio of chlorophylls a and b decreased under the action of gibberellin, and increased under the action of antigibberellic drug tebuconazole, this indicates the gibberellin influence on the formation of photosynthetic apparatus light-harvesting complexes. In scotomorphic seedlings, the process of conversion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (FA) was most inhibited by tebuconazole, and under the action of gibberellin the ratio was less. In photomorphic seedlings, this process was not inhibited either by exogenous gibberellin or by retardant, compared to control. Thus, light affects the processes of FA metabolism during the heterotrophic phase of development. Blocking the native gibberellin synthesis by tebuconazole in seedlings leads to a decrease in linolenic acid outflow from the cotyledons due to growth retardation and, consequently, the use of this fatty acid in chloroplastogenesis.
Improvement of economically useful features of winter wheat under the effect of technogenic mutagenic factors of the environment
Authors:   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Yakymchuk R.A.
Published: March 2022

Unique conditions of the effect on living organisms of physical and chemical mutagenic factors, which can be used to induce mutations and to create initial breeding material for the improvement of plant cultivars, appeared in the techno-genically contaminated territories. Under the effect of radio-nuclide contaminations of the alienation zone of Chornobyl NPP and the mining and processing territory of uranium ore on winter wheat, heavy metal discharges of industrial enterprises, xenobiotics of the areas of the warehouses with forbidden and unusable pesticides appeared to be higher by 2.1—35.4 times of the frequency of breeding-valuable mutations as compared with the spontaneous growth indicators. The expansion of the genetic diversity of the initial breeding material due to the mutagenesis, induced by radio-nuclide and chemical contamination, creates the conditions for its use in the crossings which are aimed at the implementation of the breeding-genetic programs for the development of highly productive wheat cultivars with the increased adaptive potential for the unfavorable conditions of the environment. Productive mutants which, by their yield capacity, exceed initial cultivars by 1.1—12.6 %, were identified. Most of them have the indicators of protein and gluten content in grain and the indicators of sedimentation and solid grain state which either correspond to the level of the initial cultivar or are significantly behind it. Mutant samples № 5561 of cultivar Albatros odeskyi and samples № 5575 of cultivar Zymoiarka, induced by the discharge contamination from Burshtyn HPP and radio-nuclides of the alienation zone of ChNPP, were identified; their higher yield capacity goes along with a serious increase of the indicators of grain quality or keeping them at the level of the initial cultivar. Mutant samples № 5576, № 5577, № 5578, № 5580 of cultivar Zymoiarka, induced by the soil contamination with radio-nuclides of the alienation zone of ChNNP and by heavy metals of the discharges of industrial enterprises, produce a significantly higher protein output per area unit due to the increase of the grain protein content or higher yield capacity. Using the effect of the techno-genic mutagenic factors of the environment it is possible to improve the indicators of wheat grain quality and at the same time to preserve the potential of the yield capacity of the initial cultivar.
Experiences and Perceptions on Inclusive Education in General Schools, Innovative Schools, and Jeongdaun Schools: A Focus on Elementary Schools of the Incheon Area
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Lee Daesik , Kim Gwangbaek , Jung Gahee
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to discover the differences and commonalities between school types by comparing and analyzing the experiences of teachers and parents in general schools, innovative schools, and Jeongdaun schools. For this purpose, inclusive education experiences were collected and analyzed through interviews with a total of nine teachers in charge of integrated classrooms, special education teachers, and parents from three types of schools in the Incheon area. The main findings were as follows. First, five conclusions were derived on experiences and perceptions on inclusive education in three school types: 1) There was a clear difference in the degree of inclusive education between the three schools. In general, the inclusive education situation of innovative schools and Jeongdaun schools was more positive than that of general schools; 2) In all three schools, inclusive education relied heavily on individual teacher competency and personal acquaintance with teachers rather than systems or regulations; 3) The perception of managers and teachers in charge of inclusive classrooms still needs improvement. Education for disability awareness should be more professional in teacher education institutes and in each school; 4) For parents of children with disabilities, inclusive education was the necessary and urgent option; 5) There was a difference in conception on inclusive education among the three types of schools. Second, for inclusive education to succeed, it was especially necessary to document each group’s performance within their responsible roles, and to supplement the education process with para-professionals.
A Study on the Plans of Distance Learning and Educational Support for Students With Disabilities in Preparation for the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Son Ji-Young , Cha Hyunjin , Ku Jeong-Ah
Published: March 2022

In preparation for the post-COVID-19 era, it is necessary to ready a new special education support system that utilizes the advantages of distance learning. The purpose of the study was to develop plans for distance learning and educational support that could effectively educate students with disabilities in the distance learning situation. For this purpose, a Delphi survey was conducted by organizing a panel of 16 experts (including professors, administrators, teachers, and parents). Through the first Delphi survey, the basic framework of distance learning and educational support was constructed. Then, the final draft was derived through the second Delphi survey. As a result of the study, the draft was divided into two areas, distance learning and educational support, whereas the support plans were presented in three sub-areas. This study will contribute to establishing a future education model for students with disabilities and a customized education support system in preparation for the post-COVID-19 era and national crisis.
The Perception and Implementation Plan for Augmented Reality-Based Classes for Young Children With Moderate Disabilities
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Park Chanwoo , Han Kyunggun
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity and implementation strategy of augmented reality(AR)-based classes for young children with moderate disabilities. Regarding the research method, a conceptual diagram analysis was performed to confirm the perception of AR-based classes and the empirical and theoretical knowledge of experts. First, in-depth interviews were conducted with 22 experts in the special education, educational engineering, and engineering fields. Afterwards, a multidimensional scale analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and validity evaluation were performed on the developed statements to analyze the conceptual map of AR-based classes for young children with moderate disabilities. As a result of the study, first, experts positively recognized the need for AR-based classes for young children with severe disabilities. Second, we confirmed that AR-based classes require the development of teaching strategies according to the systematic instructional design process. Third, we suggested methods such as action induction, context maintenance, and sensory information to improve the usability of AR contents for young children with moderate disabilities. Based on the above study results, we discussed the necessity and implementation plan for AR-based classes for young children with moderate disabilities, and the characteristics and usability improvement principles of AR contents. Subsequent research requires the development of various empirical studies and instructional models for the AR-based teaching strategy developed in this study. In addition, it is necessary to develop immersive content based on the curriculum and centered on teachers, students with disabilities, and developers.
Some questions of ethics of artificial intelligence
Authors: Dyakov Viktor
Published: March 2022

The article touches upon and analyzes the problem of creating, implementing and using artificial intelligence algorithms from the point of view of morality and ethics. A number of key ethical criteria for the development and implementation of artificial intelligence algorithms are listed, and the problems faced by companies and developers when using AI systems are also described.
Background of the evolution of high-tech cluster formations in the defense-industrial complex of Russia in the conditions of digitalization of the national economy
Authors: Abdulkadyrov Arsen
Published: March 2022

The formation and development of high-tech cluster formations in the defense industry of Russia, the creation of promising elements of the innovation infrastructure in general, demonstrates the correctness of the perception of the need for mutual penetration of civilian and military technologies and the results of research and development work in order to modernize and diversify as a defense industry industry and national economy as a whole. The strategy for the creation and transfer of dual-use technologies is being implemented through the implementation of a number of federal target programs, such as: “Research and development in priority areas of science and technology”, “Development of civil aviation technology”, “National technological base”, “Reform and development of the defense industry complex”. It should be noted that the implementation of these measures became possible due to the use of the cluster approach and the cluster policy in the field of the defense-industrial complex, which made it possible to develop and launch an integrated strategy of innovative technological modernization of the industry while increasing the effectiveness of the intellectual potential of the defense industry. As part of a scientific article, the prospects for the development of high-tech clusters in the context of the implementation of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program are analyzed. The author concluded that in the conditions of digitalization of the national economy, high-tech clusters in the defense industry are points of growth.
Methodological approaches to assess the investment attractiveness of organizations in the military-industrial complex
Authors: Mergeneva Albina
Published: March 2022

This article is devoted to the consideration of practical methods for assessing investment attractiveness both in general and for the military-industrial complex. The authors identify a list of coefficients that are applicable in the assessment of the marked indicator, determining the essential value and the formula for calculating each of the calculated indicators. In addition, the Russian experience of calculating indicators of investment attractiveness is considered, according to which the authors conclude on the need to consider industry specificity when calculating indices for defense companies, due to the fact that the resulting average coefficient cannot reliably and qualitatively reflect the organization’s true financial situation. As the most applicable and effective practice of building an analysis of the investment attractiveness of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, it is recommended to carry out two major components of the assessment. First, is the need to obtain exactly the numerical coefficient, that is, the indicator? which can really be calculated, in contrast to the indicators of expert opinion, which demonstrate a greater degree of subjectivity of the decision maker, which is not always accurate due to the human factor and rather abstract formulations of such indicators. Secondly, it is required to formulate calculated indicators for assessing the investment attractiveness of enterprises of the military-industrial complex in such a way that the final result is applicable and indicative in the context of a comparative analysis of the organization under consideration with similar competitive companies in the industry, namely, the coefficient initially must include industrial characteristics in its calculation the market and its development prospects in relation to the interests of the business entity being assessed. This is the main idea of the current scientific work.
Sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor employing heterostructure blue phosphorus/MoS2 and silicon layer
Authors: Singh Sachin , Sharma A K , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi D K , Sadanand  , Fouad Hassan , Akhtar M S
Published: March 2022

The present study proposes three new Kretschmann-configuration-based heterostructure surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for biomolecule detection. The thicknesses of silver (Ag), silicon (Si) and heterostructure blue phosphorus (BlueP)/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layers were optimized under the consideration of less reflectivity, full width at half maximum and enhanced sensitivity. After thickness optimization, the performance parameters of the proposed SPR sensor were also calculated in terms of sensitivity, quality factor and detection accuracy. The effect of increasing the number of heterostructure BlueP/molybdenum disulfide layers on the performance was also analyzed. It was also observed that the silicon layer played an important role in enhancing all performance parameters when it was deposited between the silver and heterostructure BlueP/molybdenum disulfide layers. The optimized sensitivity at a wavelength of 633 nm of the heterostructure BlueP/molybdenum disulfide monolayer and silicon layer was 282°/refractive index unit (RIU). The highest optimized sensitivity of 328°/RIU was achieved with two layers of heterostructure BlueP/molybdenum disulfide with a silicon layer thickness of 5 nm. It was found that the sensitivity increased by 16% when the number of heterostructure layers was changed. Other important parameters such as detection accuracy, quality factor and full width at half maximum were also calculated for the proposed SPR sensor. Moreover, a transverse magnetic field plot was created and a penetration depth of 138.25 nm for the proposed SPR sensor was calculated.
Shakedown response of recycled rubber–granular waste mixtures under cyclic loading
Authors: Malisetty Rakesh Sai , Indraratna Buddhima , Qi Yujie , Rujikiatkamjorn Cholachat
Published: March 2022

Understanding and quantifying the long-term deformation behaviour of granular materials under repeated loads is imperative for ensuring the longevity of railway tracks. One of the most relevant characteristics of granular materials under repeated cycles of loading and unloading is their ability to achieve a relatively stable state (shakedown) after being subjected to initial compression. The shakedown response of blended rubber–granular waste mixtures under triaxial test conditions has been investigated in past studies highlighting the influence of the rubber content, confining stress and cyclic loading amplitude. However, a clear methodology for estimating shakedown yield limits of these granular mixtures has not been discussed in detail. The current study highlights the influence of the peak shear strength of these mixtures under static loading on their shakedown response in cyclic loading conditions. It is observed that the variation of static shear strength with rubber contents and confining stresses is found to affect the shakedown response. A unified method of estimating the shakedown limit is proposed by analysing permanent axial strains with normalised cyclic stress ratio at different loading cycles. The proposed method is validated through two independent sets of drained cyclic triaxial test data on coal wash–rubber crumb mixtures and rail ballast.
Transformação digital: Efeitos na educação, comércio e sustentabilidade ambiental
Authors:   Escola Superior de Gestão, Hotelaria e Turismo (ESGHT), Ramos Célia M.Q.
Published: March 2022

Transformação digital: Efeitos na educação, comércio e sustentabilidade ambiental
Gamificación como estrategia de fortalecimiento de competencias en estudiantes del posgrado
Authors:   Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Escuela de Posgrad, Ibarra Guillermo Alejandro Raffo , Vicente Judith Soledad Yangali ,   Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Escuela de Posgrad
Published: March 2022

El objetivo fue determinar en qué medida la gamificación, favorece el logro de competencias profesionales en planificación estratégica de estudiantes de posgrado, bajo la modalidad b-learning. Fue un estudio cuantitativo, diseño experimental, nivel explicativo, la muestra fueron 100 estudiantes de los programas de maestría de una universidad privada de Lima, en Perú. Se trabajó un programa de intervención con un grupo experimental y grupo control, para recolectar datos se utilizó la escala de Fisher, King y Tague, en adaptación realizada al español por Fasce et al.( 2011); los resultados indicaron que el valor de significancia observada (sig) p= ,001 es menor en el pos test. Concluyéndose que el uso de la gamificación contribuye al fortalecimiento de competencias en educación superior a nivel de posgrado, mediante la aplicación de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC´S), a través de la gamificación.
Desarrollo de la Competencia Digital en estudiantes de primaria y secundaria en tres dimensiones: fluidez, aprendizaje-conocimiento y ciudadanía digital
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, García Camino López , Gómez María Cruz Sánchez ,   Universidad de Salamanca, Muñoz-Repiso Ana García-Valcárcel ,   Universidad de Salamanca
Published: March 2022

El desarrollo de la competencia digital trae avances significativos demostrados en la formación de ciudadanos competentes para el mundo digital en el que nos encontramos, suponiendo actualmente uno de los retos más ambiciosos para la comunidad educativa. Existen una serie de dimensiones clave que facilitan la evolución en la competencia digital, siendo el reto el diseño de experiencias educativas poderosas. En este artículo se muestran los resultados de la aplicación de un proyecto educativo de intervención para el desarrollo de la competencia digital a través de las tres dimensiones conocidas como Fluidez Tecnológica, Aprendizaje-Conocimiento y Ciudadanía Digital. Se diseñó un estudio de carácter cuantitativo a través de un diseño de investigación cuasi experimental aplicando una evaluación longitudinal pre test y un post test. Se halló un avance significativo en todas ellas, siendo la dimensión de Ciudadanía Digital la más compleja de abordar en las etapas de primaria y secundaria.