bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Ecology of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.) Floral Volatiles
Authors: Shafi P. Mohamed , Mohanakrishnan M.
Published: October 2020

In present work, the GC, GC-MS and GC-olfactory techniques were applied for the first time for the
analysis of floral volatiles of teak. Chemical ecology of the teak flower is also studied by correlating
each of the components in its volatile profile with the major classes of insect visitors and pollinators
with the help of the internet databases. Sixty six components consisting of 84% of the oil were identified
in the GC-MS analysis. Out of these 78% were oxygenated compounds while only 20% were various
hydrocarbons, either sesquiterpenes or diterpenes. All the monoterpenes were in the oxidized form
which reduces the therapeutic potentials of the oil while improving its perfumery value. The olfactory
evaluation of the oil revealed the presence of a wide spectrum of impressions ranging from spicy-floral
to mushroom-metallic and woody-earthy to honey-like. The main reason for the enormous number of
insects visiting teak flower is the presence of large number of volatile compounds with diverge
semiochemical behaviour. At the same time the presence of some specific allomones and alarm
pheromones results in the repulsion of some effective pollinators. This leads to ineffective pollination
and comparatively low fruit development in teak.
Optimization of Essential Oil Extraction Process of White Pepper (Piper
nigrum L.) Harvested in Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thien Hien , Quyen Ngo Thi Cam , Ngo Hoang Duy , Thuan Anh Nguyen Huu , Thuy An Ton Nu , Quan Pham Minh , Toan Tran Quoc
Published: October 2020

Vietnam is a leading producer and exporter of products harvested from plants of the family Piperaceae
such as green pepper, black pepper, red pepper and white pepper. In this study, an attempt is made to
examine the essential oil extraction process with the material of white pepper grown and harvested in
Phu Quoc island, Vietnam. To maximize essential oil production, three factors consisting the ratio of
materials and solvents, extraction time and extraction temperature were selected and optimized. The
surface response methodology optimization resulted the highest yield of 3.6%, achieved at the ratio of
material and water ratio of 1:20 g/g, extraction time of 96 min and at 130 ºC. A high F values, low P
values (< 0.0001), the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9993) and a non-significant lack of fit suggested
a strong correlation between actual and predicted values of the responses. The essential oil obtained
was determined for chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.
The GC-MS results showed that major constituents existing in the oil sample were limonene, 3-carene,
sabinene, β-pinene, α-pinene and α-phellandrene, accounting for 27.059, 23.345, 17.903, 9.996, 5.167
and 4.588%, respectively.
Structural and Biological Studies on Transition Metal Complexes of 4-Aminoantipyrine Derivative
Authors: Soundaranayaki V. , Kulandaisamy A.
Published: October 2020

Novel tetra dentate Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), VO(II) and Zn(II) Schiff base complexes have been synthesized from salicylidene-4-iminoantipyrine and tyrosine. The synthesized Schiff base complexes was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, ESR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-vis, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The general formula of complexes was confirmed as [ML] type [M = Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and VO(II); L = C27H24N4O4]. Magnetic susceptibility, IR and UV-vis, spectral data showed that all the complexes have square planar geometry except vanadyl complex which suggests square pyramidal geometry. Lower molar conductance values proved that all the chelates were non-electrolytic nature. The X-band ESR spectra of [CuL] and [VOL] complexes in DMSO solution suggest that the complexes were predominant covalent character. Powder XRD and SEM image pattern evidenced that all the compounds were crystalline in nature and their size ranges from 100-40 nm. Calf thymus DNA binding potential of [CuL] and [VOL] complexes shows that the binding occurs through intercalation mode with low binding constant. The analgesic, CNS, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities of the investigated compounds report reveals that the chelates were significant effect than free Schiff base.
Synthesis of Diverse Fused Tetracyclic Thiazepine-Chalcone Derivatives by
Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Reaction and their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Hirani Jayanti B. , Pandya Mayank K. , Koradiya Suresh B.
Published: October 2020

To develop antimicrobial agent, a series of thiazepine-chalcones was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt
condensation between the couplings of aryl ketone in three steps protocol and different aromatic
aldehydes under strong base catalyst at room temperature. The characterization of final products were
carried out by IR, 1H & 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were also
evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities using specific Gram positive and Gram-negative
bacterial strains using cup plate method.
Antecedents of supplier realation quality in the Ghanaian constrution supply chain
Authors:   Herriot-Watt University of Technology, UK, Bondinuba F , Edwards D ,   Birmingham City University, UK, Nimako S ,   University of Education, Kumasi, Ghana, Onwusu-Manu S ,   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Conway C ,   Birmingham City University, UK
Published: October 2020

Effective and efficient management of suppliers within a supply chain is an essential requirement for improving organisational performance within construction companies. However, factors inherent within the supply chain of supplier-buyer exchanges such as culture, politics, dependence and trust may influence supplier relationship quality (SRQ). This research therefore seeks to identify the influence that these factors have upon SRQ in the Ghanaian construction industry and develop a conceptual framework that explains the interconnectivity between them. A literature review is used to develop a conceptual framework of the antecedents influencing supplier relationship quality. Primary ‘perception’ data obtained from 152 building material suppliers is used to test the proposed model using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Findings reveal that culture, politics, dependence and trust have a significant influence on relationship quality in supply chain collaborations amongst purchasers and suppliers of building materials. While politics has a strong influence on dependence, it also generates a negative influence on SRQ and trust. The research confirms the positive effect of trust and dependence in SRQ management and extends understanding of the influence of culture and politics. Practical implications suggest that managers of building material suppliers should focus upon building trust and dependence and be discouraged from over-reliance upon politics and political affiliations as a basis for long-term relationship building.
Incorporating principles of expansive learning and activity theory in curriculum design to bridge work and education contexts for vocational teachers
Authors: Garraway James , Winberg Christine
Published: October 2020

The focus of this study is a development course for academic staff that is informed by activity theory and transformative agency. It is intended to help vocational and professional educators to link academic curricula to current work practices. The course content first helped the participants to develop a systematic understanding of the different purposes and contexts of educational institutions and workplaces. After that, these contradictory elements were harnessed in order to develop innovative boundary-crossing concepts and practices. The process in which participants engage in developing new possibilities for practice is termed ‘expansive learning’. Through expansive learning, participants may develop ‘transformative agency’ for dealing sustainably with challenges in times of change. The study traces how transformative agency developed among the course participants. It argues that activity theory provides an innovative, sustainable approach to the academic development of vocational and professional educators, especially with a view to them adapting their course content to changing industry needs.
Call for papers, JOVACET 4(1), 2021
Authors: Robertson Catherine
Published: October 2020

You are invited to submit an abstract for the fifth issue of JOVACET to be published in October 2021.

Deadline for abstract submissions: Friday, 26 February 2021.

Abstracts should comprise a maximum of 700 words and be submitted in MS Word format via the journal website at www.jovacet.ac.za or emailed to Dr Catherine Robertson at cathy@tcrobertson.co.za. Should you prefer to submit a full article, please limit the number of words to 8 000, which includes the abstract and list of references. The website will provide the style guide.

Contributors may share any recent research relevant to the theme and the TVET/adult learning sector. Therefore, submissions of papers are invited that respond to this call to share recent research, its conceptual framing and its findings, with a view to identifying areas of further research for exploration. Submissions should be of high quality and follow academic research/writing conventions in the social sciences. Specifications can be found on the JOVACET website or obtained from Dr Catherine Robertson at the email address above.

We look forward to receiving your submissions!
Parallel graph algorithms in constant adaptive rounds
Authors: Behnezhad Soheil , Dhulipala Laxman , Esfandiari Hossein , Lacki Jakub , Mirrokni Vahab , Schudy Warren
Published: October 2020

We study fundamental graph problems such as
graph connectivity, minimum spanning forest
(MSF), and approximate
maximum (weight) matching
in a distributed setting. In particular, we focus on the
Adaptive Massively Parallel Computation
(AMPC) model, which is a theoretical model that captures MapReduce-like computation augmented with a distributed hash table.

We show the first AMPC algorithms for all of the studied problems that run in a constant number of rounds and use only
O
(
n
ϵ
) space per machine, where 0 < ϵ < 1. Our results improve both upon the previous results in the AMPC model, as well as the best-known results in the MPC model, which is the theoretical model underpinning many popular distributed computation frameworks, such as MapReduce, Hadoop, Beam, Pregel and Giraph.

Finally, we provide an empirical comparison of the algorithms in the MPC and AMPC models in a fault-tolerant distributed computation environment. We empirically evaluate our algorithms on a set of large real-world graphs and show that our AMPC algorithms can achieve improvements in both running time and round-complexity over optimized MPC baselines.
DeltaPQ
Authors: Wang Runhui , Deng Dong
Published: October 2020

High dimensional data is ubiquitous and plays an important role in many applications. However, the size of high dimensional data is usually excessively large. To alleviate this problem, in this paper, we develop novel techniques to compress and search high dimensional data. Specifically, we first apply vector quantization, a classical lossy data compression method. It quantizes a high dimensional vector to a sequence of small integers, namely the quantization code. Then, we propose a novel lossless compression algorithm, DeltaPQ, to further compress the quantization codes. DeltaPQ organizes the quantization codes in a tree structure and stores the differences between two quantization codes rather than the original codes. Among the exponential number of possible tree structures, we develop an efficient algorithm, whose time and space complexity are linear to the number of codes, to find the one with optimal compression ratio. The approximate nearest neighbor search query can be processed directly on the compressed data with small space overhead in a few bytes. Many similarity measures can be supported, such as inner product, cosine similarity, Euclidean distance, and Lp-norm. Experimental results on five large-scale real-world datasets show that DeltaPQ achieves a compression ratio of up to 5 (and often greater than 2) on the quantization codes whereas the state-of-art general-purpose lossless compression algorithms barely work.
Evaluation of the thermal performance of construction systems to reduce the energy consumption in buildings: A case study in a cold semi-arid climate
Authors: Rodríguez Muñoz Norma Alejandra
Published: October 2020

The performance of a three-story laboratory building was analyzed to reduce its annual energy consumption. The analysis was performed through a whole-building simulation approach and dynamic simulations to calculate the potential reduction of heating and cooling energy requirements by evaluating various construction systems. The main objective was to accomplish a decrease in energy consumption without the implementation of sophisticated constructive systems, which are commonly unavailable or unfeasible to apply in developing countries. Therefore, a two-stage analysis was carried out. At the first stage, a set of commonly available construction materials were implemented. From this analysis, it was shown that the use of an insulated concrete wall, double tinted glass, and an insulated terracotta roof corresponds to the optimal combination of materials, resulting in a decrease of 36% on the total annual energy requirements. Finally, from the second stage analysis, where double-wall systems and a green façade were implemented, an additional energy saving of up to 16% was achieved.
Diameter Structure Changes in the Pre-Maturing Black Locust and Common Hackberry Stand in the Subotica-Horgoš Sands under the Influence of a Late Thinning
Authors: Andrašev Siniša , Bobinac Martin , Dubravac Tomislav , Šušić Nikola
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a change of diameter structure in a pre-maturing stand of black locust and common hackberry under the influence of a late thinning is analysed. The research is based on three permanent experimental plots and two measurements of diameters in a five-year period. One of the plots is a control plot and two plots are experimental, where the thinning was carried out in a stand 28-years old, with the thinning intensity of 28.9–30.6% of the initial density, approximately evenly distributed across diameter classes. In the investigated stand common hackberry came from the neighbouring areas in the stand structure. The initial measurement in the autumn of 2014 confirmed the share of common hackberry of 16–18% in the total number of trees thicker than 5 cm with a dominantly reversed J shape of the diameter structure and the presence of trees in all the diameter classes. In the period of stand age from 28 to 33 years, a dominant process on all treatments was the mortality of thinner trees, while the recruitment of common hackberry trees was recorded in all treatments. On the control plot, a quarter of the trees died, while an eighth of the remaining trees died in the thinned plots, mostly black locust trees. In thinned plots, only black locust trees died with a characteristic that the intensity of mortality was higher in thinner trees, while in the control plot some thick black locust trees died, as well as and some thinner common hackberry trees. In the five-year period, numerical parameters of variability (standard deviation, coefficient of variation), the shape of distributions (skewness and kurtosis) and heterogeneity of diameters at breast height (Gini index, Lorenz asymmetry coefficient) have shown a trend of increasing variability and change of diameter distributions of trees in all treatments, but it is more expressed in thinned plots compared to the control plots. Growth dominance coefficient of diameters shows that the competition between the collectives of both species and the black locust collective is of asymmetric type and more expressed in the thinning treatments. In common hackberry trees on the control plot the competition between the trees is of asymmetric type, while on the thinned plots, the competition is of symmetric type. This shows that after thinning, common hackberry has a biological potential that is higher than that of black locust and that the natural succession can be accelerated through thinnings.
Resilience Moderated the Predictive Effect of Dual Stigma on Distress Among Chinese Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Chen Chen , Huang Jiasheng , Zhao Jin , Zhang Yan , Xiaonan Yu Nancy
Published: October 2020

Previous studies have examined the distinct stigmas of people living with HIV or of men who have sex with men (MSM). To capture the composite stress of HIV-positive MSM and the mixed stigma they experience, we conceptualized a compound stigma combining HIV status and homosexual identity. At two waves with an interval of 6 months, the results of 112 Chinese newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM showed that dual stigma at baseline increased distress symptoms 6 months later. Resilience moderated these effects, as the dual stigma increased, distress symptoms intensified more rapidly for individuals with lower resilience than they did for those with higher resilience. Our findings highlight that dual stigma, as an intensified risk factor, predicted distress among the Chinese newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM, conditioned by the protective factor of resilience. The results have strong implications for developing resilience-based intervention programs in this population.
SARS‐CoV‐2 evades immune detection in alveolar macrophages
Authors: Dalskov Louise , Møhlenberg Michelle , Thyrsted Jacob , Blay‐Cadanet Julia , Poulsen Ebbe Toftgaard , Folkersen Birgitte Holst , Skaarup Søren Helbo , Olagnier David , Reinert Line , Enghild Jan Johannes , Hoffmann Hans Jürgen , Holm Christian Kanstrup , Hartmann Rune
Published: October 2020

Respiratory infections, like the current COVID‐19 pandemic, target epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are tissue‐resident macrophages located within the lung. They play a key role in the early phases of an immune response to respiratory viruses. AMs are likely the first immune cells to encounter SARS‐CoV‐2 during an infection, and their reaction to the virus will have a profound impact on the outcome of the infection. Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines and among the first cytokines produced upon viral infection. In this study, AMs from non‐infectious donors are challenged with SARS‐CoV‐2. We demonstrate that challenged AMs are incapable of sensing SARS‐CoV‐2 and of producing an IFN response in contrast to other respiratory viruses, like influenza A virus and Sendai virus, which trigger a robust IFN response. The absence of IFN production in AMs upon challenge with SARS‐CoV‐2 could explain the initial asymptotic phase observed during COVID‐19 and argues against AMs being the sources of pro‐inflammatory cytokines later during infection.
Regional Variation in Genetic Control of Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic Mice
Authors: Jones Michael B , An Alexander , Shi Lisa J , Shi Weibin
Published: October 2020

Atherosclerosis is a polygenic disorder that often affects multiple arteries. Carotid arteries are common sites for evaluating subclinical atherosclerosis, and aortic root is the standard site for quantifying atherosclerosis in mice. We compared genetic control of atherosclerosis between the two sites in the same cohort derived from two phenotypically divergent Apoe-null (Apoe−/−) mouse strains. Female F2 mice were generated from C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H/He (C3H) Apoe−/− mice and fed 12 weeks of Western diet. Atherosclerotic lesions in carotid bifurcation and aortic root and plasma levels of fasting lipids and glucose were measured. 153 genetic markers across the genome were typed. All F2 mice developed aortic atherosclerosis, while 1/5 formed no or little carotid lesions. Genome-wide scans revealed 3 significant loci on chromosome (Chr) 1, Chr15, 6 suggestive loci for aortic atherosclerosis, 2 significant loci on Chr6, Chr12, and 6 suggestive loci for carotid atherosclerosis. Only 2 loci for aortic lesions showed colocalization with loci for carotid lesions. Carotid lesion sizes were moderately correlated with aortic lesion sizes (r = 0.303; P = 4.6E-6), but they showed slight or no association with plasma HDL, non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, or glucose levels among F2 mice. Bioinformatics analyses prioritized Cryge as a likely causal gene for Ath30, Cdh6 and Dnah5 as causal genes for Ath22. Our data demonstrate vascular site-specific effects of genetic factors on atherosclerosis in the same animals and highlight the need to extend studies of atherosclerosis to sites beyond aortas of mice.
The Impact of Stratified Teaching on the Academic Performance of Chinese Middle School Students: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shi Hui , Cheung Alan C.K. , Cheung Elizabeth S.T.
Published: October 2020

Stratified teaching is an effective method and means to implement teaching students per their aptitude. Domestic and foreign scholars have carried out many experimental and quasi-experimental studies to observe the impact of stratified teaching on students’ academic performance, but the results are quite different. So, can stratified teaching effectively help Chinese students improve their academic performance? How big is its impact? Which model is more suitable for Chinese students? To answer these questions, this article uses meta-analysis to quantitatively analyze 22 Chinese studies on the impact of Stratified teaching on student academic performance. We found that (i) stratified teaching has a positive effect on students’ academic performance, and the overall combined effect size is 0.53; (ii) among the seven subjects of mathematics, English, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, and information technology, stratified teaching has had a positive effect on their learning. Stratified teaching’s order of effect on different subjects was English > Physics > Geography > Information Technology > Mathematics > Biology > Chemistry; (iii) stratified teaching is suitable for students of different sizes of classrooms. However, the smaller the number of students in the classroom, the better the learning effect, and (iv) stratified teaching is more suitable for improving their learning in the mobile learning system.
F. M. Dostoevsky’s Siberian Text: Problems and Perspectives
Authors: Safronova Elena
Published: October 2020

The review article is devoted to the analysis of studies of the Siberian period of F. M. Dostoevsky’s life and work. The main trends in the study of the author’s Siberian text are described. The entire variety of sources may be subdivided into four groups: memoirs and epistolary testimonies; journalism, biographical novels, essays, novellas, etc.; biographical studies; interpretations of Siberian works. One of the main issues is the problem of their reliability. Close to the memoir fraud remain biographical novels, biographical chronicles, documentary novels are close to being memoir falsifications, and so they often contain factual errors or free interpretation of events. They sometimes include home-grown myths about Dostoevsky's stay in Siberia, that were created by local residents. Some of these myths have already been exposed by the scientific approach. The article analyzes the biographical research of V. N. Zakharov, M. M. Gromyko, N. I. Levchenko, V. S. Vainerman, A. S. Shadrina, E. D. Trukhan, V. F. Grishaev and others. These studies are peculiar in that they are usually localized and represent research not into the Siberian text as a whole, but into its constituent parts: those related to Omsk, Kuznetsk, Tobolsk, Barnaul or Semipalatinsk. The article describes both fairly well-known and new biographical materials that have been published recently and significantly enriched the understanding of the Siberian period of the writer's biography and work, and provides an overview of interpretations of Dostoevsky's Siberian works. The paper identifies problems and outlines the perspectives of studying the Siberian text, and determines the archival collections where new documents about Dostoevsky and his environment can be discovered.
Relapses of desquamative glossitis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Emelyanova Nataliya
Published: October 2020

This article addresses the issues of pathological manifestations on the tongue of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), as well as the duration of the remission period after treatment. It was revealed that the patients with GERD who received treatment for desquamative glossitis noted a significant decrease in the intensity of subjective and objective manifestations immediately after treatment. However, in cases where no repeated courses of treatment were undertaken, an unstable remission was observed in the oral cavity and new desquamation foci appeared on the tongue. As an example, the article describes the clinical case of a patient with GERD manifestations in the oral cavity who received treatment for desquamative glossitis in 2011.
Risk Factor of Intra-Uterine Fetal Death in Gaza Governmental Hospitals:Case-Control Study (2018-2019).
Authors: ElShanti Amjad F. H. , EL syed Etewa Bothyna Bassyoni , Dhair Ahmed S. H. , Abo Samra Naema Mohammed Salem
Published: October 2020

The study aimed to find out the factors that cause fetal death in the womb in governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip a controlled study during the period 2018-2019. The study problem was formulated in the following main question: What were the most important factors causing childhood deaths in the womb? The study used descriptive and analytical methods. the study sample was (70) women and (70) controls. For each case, one control was matched. The study found that the average age of cases was (29.60) years compared to (27.1) for controls. The most common maternal risk factors for fetal intrauterine death were parity (24.3%) among cases versus (21.4%) among controls. Medication/substance, congenital anomalies of the fetus, bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy, prolonged pregnancy after birth, and intrauterine growth retardation are the main risk factors. The study recommended conducting a continuing education program for women and nurses about risk factors for fetal death in the womb.
A COVID–19-járvány alatti betegelégedettség egy sürgősségi betegellátó osztályon
Authors: Deák András , Fusz Katalin , Kanizsai Péter
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A nagy betegszám a sürgősségi
osztályokon a dolgozók megterhelését növeli, a betegelégedettséget csökkenti.
Ennek a tendenciának megállítására és javítására több módszert is bevezettünk
2019-ben. A COVID–19-járvány során a betegek a sürgősségi osztályt keresték fel
azon panaszaikkal, amelyekkel amúgy a háziorvost vagy a szakambulanciákat
keresték volna fel, továbbá a szakdolgozók több mint 15%-a a Koronavírus Ellátó
Központban dolgozott 2020. áprilisban és májusban. Célunk volt felmérni a
2019-ben bevezetett intézkedéseknek, valamint a COVID–19-járvány okozta
pluszmegterhelésnek a betegelégedettségre gyakorolt hatásait.
Módszer: Longitudinális, kvantitatív, leíró jellegű,
kérdőíves felmérést és dokumentumelemzést végeztünk a Pécsi Tudományegyetem
Klinikai Központ (PTE KK) Sürgősségi Orvostani Tanszékének Sürgősségi
Betegellátó Osztályán 2019. április 1. és 2020. május 31. között (n = 999). A
felmérés első részében 354, a második részében 645 kérdőívet elemeztünk,
valamint a dokumentumelemzés során a betegszámokat használtuk fel. Az
adatelemzéshez leíró statisztikát, kétmintás t-próbát és Mann–Whitney-tesztet
végeztünk (p<0,05). Eredmények: A felmérés első hónapjában a
páciensek és hozzátartozók 51%-a értékelte pozitívan a PTE KK Sürgősségi
Orvostani Tanszékének Sürgősségi Betegellátó Osztályát, míg novemberre ez az
arány 99%-ra emelkedett. A kommunikációs tréninget és egyéb intézkedéseket
követően pozitív irányba változott az ápolókról (Z = –2,25, p = 0,024), az
orvosokról (Z = –2,25, p = 0,024) és az osztályról (Z = –2,24, p = 0,025)
alkotott vélemény. A COVID–19-járvány alatt csökkent a betegelégedettség: a
dolgozók viselkedését (Z = –4,16, p<0,001) és a szolgáltatások minőségét (Z =
–3,88, p<0,001) is rosszabbnak ítélték. Következtetés: A
bevezetésre került intézkedéseink pozitív hatásait mérhetjük a betegelégedettség
növekedésén keresztül. Eredményeink rámutatnak arra, hogy a COVID–19-járvány
miatti dolgozói megterhelés negatívan befolyásolta a betegelégedettséget. Orv
Hetil. 2020; 161(43): 1819–1823.
Radiation-Grafted Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: YARAR KAPLAN Begüm , KIRLIOĞLU Ahmet Can , JAMİL Esaam , YÜRÜM Alp , RAJABALİZADEH Naeimeh , HAGHMORADİ Navid , İSKANDARANİ Bilal , SALİMKHANİ Hamed , ALKAN GÜRSEL Selmiye
Published: October 2020

Fuel cells are one of the most efficient energy conversion systems to produce electricity. A solid ion-conducting polymer membrane is employed as both separator and electrolyte for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and anion-exchange membrane fuel cells. Radiation-induced graft polymerization is a versatile method for the fabrication of low-cost alternatives to commercial polymer membranes. In this method, typically a base polymer is exposed to ionizing radiation which generates active radical sites within the polymer substrate. Then a suitable vinyl monomer is polimerized on these active sites to form a graft copolymer. Finally, a subsequent chemical treatment is performed to introduce hydrophilic groups to hydrophobic polymer backbone so that an ion conducting membrane is formed. There are various studies about the influence of radiation grafting parameters on membrane properties. Moreover, the favorable fuel cell relevant and polarization properties of such radiation-grafted membranes were reported. Thus, radiation-grafted polymer membranes are one of the significant low-cost alternatives for fuel cells. This review focuses on the preparation, characterization of fuel cell relevant properties and fuel cell performance of radiation-grafted membranes.
Kavram Dağarcığının Geliştirilmesinde Düzeye Uygun Bir Çocuk Kitabının Etkisi: Bir Uygulama Örneği
Authors: ÇER Erkan
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kavram dağarcığının geliştirilmesinde düzeye uygun bir çocuk kitabının etkisini incelemektir. Bu durum, düzeye uygun çocuk edebiyatı yapıtlarının kavram dağarcığı üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya çıkartabilir. Tek denekli araştırma desenlerinden birisi olan ABAB modelinin uygulandığı bu araştırmanın katılımcısı 24. ay içerisinde uygulama süreci boyunca gözlemlenen bir bebektir. Bu araştırmanın verileri, bebeğin içinde bulunduğu döneme uygun bir biçimde belirli ölçütler, uzman görüşü ve bebeğin ilgisi dikkate alınarak seçilen düzeye uygun bir çocuk kitabından elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, 24. ayda olan bir bebeğin kavram dağarcığının geliştirilmesinde bir çocuk kitabının etkisine yönelik elde edilen veriler betimsel olarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, uygulayıcının kılavuzluğunda bebeğin düzeye uygun bir kitaba yönelik görsel okuma yapması, onun kavram dağarcığının artmasına olanak tanımıştır. Bu araştırmadan yola çıkarak sunulacak öneri ise, farklı yaş gruplarında cinsiyet ya da sosyo-ekonomik düzey gibi farklılıklar göz önünde bulundurularak bebeklerin düzeye uygun nitelikli kitaplarla kavram dağarcıklarının ne kadar gelişip gelişmediğini ortaya koyan deneysel araştırmaların yapılmasıdır.
Erken Okuryazarlık Alanında Gerçekleştirilmiş Lisansüstü Tez Çalışmalarının İncelenmesi: Bir İçerik Analizi
Authors: HAKKOYMAZ Sakine , TANJU ASLIŞEN Ebru Hasibe
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yurt dışı ve yurt içinde 2015 ve 2020 yılları arasında erken okuryazarlık alanında gerçekleştirilmiş lisansüstü tezlerin incelenmesidir. Bu alandaki tez çalışmalarını belirlemek üzere ProQuest Dissertations and Theses ve Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanlarından 29.03.2020 ve 27.04.2020 tarihleri arasında tarama yapılmış, elde edilen veri seti bazı ölçütlere göre belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmadaki ölçüt, tezlerin erken okuryazarlık alanında olması, eğitim-öğretim konu alanı kapsamında yer alması ProQuest Dissertations and Theses ve YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde kayıtlı, erişim izinlerinin olmasıdır. Bu ölçütleri karşılayan toplam 73 lisansüstü tez çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma, nitel bir araştırma olup veriler doküman incelemesi tekniğiyle toplanmıştır. Tezler hakkındaki detaylı bilgiler, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Lisansüstü Tez İnceleme Formu” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans (f) ve yüzdelerden (%) yararlanılmıştır. Tez çalışmalarının tez türüne göre dağılımları incelendiğinde yurt içinde en fazla yüksek lisans düzeyinde, yurt dışında ise doktora düzeyinde tez çalışmalarının gerçekleştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Yurt içi lisansüstü tezlerde nicel araştırma desenlerinin daha ağırlıklı kullanıldığı görülürken, yurt dışında ise nitel araştırma desenlerinin tercih edildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma grubunda çocukların yer aldığı lisansüstü tezlerde çoğunlukla nicel araştırma deseni altında ölçme araçlarının kullanıldığı, bunların uyarlama çalışması önceden yapılmış hazır ölçekler olduğu ve bu şekilde araştırmalarda yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Nitel araştırma deseninde yürütülen tezlerde ise görüşme ve gözlem yönteminin sıklıkla kullanıldığı ve tüm araştırmalarda ortak olan tek veri toplama aracının, her araştırmanın amacına bağlı olarak geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu olduğu gözlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları doğrultusunda, erken okuryazarlığın ele alındığı çok boyutlu çalışmaların yürütülmesi önerilmektedir.
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Öğretmenlerine Göre Okuma Alışkanlığı
Authors: KARATAY Halit , DİLEKÇİ Atilla
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türk dili ve edebiyatı (TDE) öğretmenlerinin okuma alışkanlığı hakkındaki görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, durum çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmaya veri toplamak için 14 TDE öğretmeni ile çalışılmıştır. Öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmelerin içerik analizi yapılmış, liselerdeki öğrencilerde okuma alışkanlığının durumu incelenmiştir. Öğretmenler okuma alışkanlığını, sürekli ve düzenli okuma kültürü edinme olarak tanımlamıştır. Bu alışkanlığa sahip öğrencilerin dil becerilerinin diğerlerine göre daha iyi, akademik başarılarının da yüksek olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmenlere göre okuma alışkanlığının kazanılmasını engelleyen etmenler şunlardır: internet ve teknoloji araçlarının kullanımı, sosyal medyada geçirilen zaman ve televizyon izleme. Bunlara ayrılan zaman arttıkça öğrencinin kitap okumaya ayırdığı zaman azalmaktadır. Ayrıca okul derslerinin yoğun olması ve öğrencinin özellikle son sınıfta sınavlara hazırlanması okul dışı saatlerde okul derslerinin öncelemesine ve hobi olarak dahi okuma faaliyetinin ihmal edilmesine sebep olmaktadır. Öğrenciler en çok okul ya da halk kütüphaneleri aracılığıyla kitaplara erişmektedir. İstedikleri kitap kütüphanelerde yoksa kitapçılardan satın almaktadır. Öğrenciler kitap seçerken sırasıyla en çok; roman, şiir, anı, hikâye, biyografi, efsane türlerini; konu olarak da; macera, fantastik, polisiye, aşk, tarih, korku, bilim kurgu, gençlik, spor ve magazin konularını içeren kitapları tercih etmektedir. Öğrencilerin okuma alışkanlığını geliştirmek için sınıfta; okuma saatleri, kitap söyleşileri, yazar ve eser tanıtımları, okuma grupları, kitapların filmlerinin izlenmesi, okuma dersleri ve yazar söyleşileri yapılabilir. Okulda; kitap okuma yarışmaları, kitap okuma projeleri, kitap kahramanları günü etkinliği, kitap kahramanları tiyatrosu, okul kütüphanesinde okuma etkinlikleri yapılabilir. Öğretmenler okul dışında; kitap fuarı gezileri, kitapla ilgili film izleme gibi etkinliklerin yapılabileceğini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğretmenler bu konuda öğrencilere iyi bir örnek ve rehber olmalıdır.
Yedinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Sentez Metin Yazma Sürecindeki Sorunları: Öğrenci Metinlerinin ve Okuma Süreçlerinin Analizi
Authors: GEÇİCİ Fidan
Published: October 2020

21. yüzyılda artan bilgi birikimi ve okuryazarlık bilgisiyle birlikte çoklu kaynaklardan okuma ve anlama, kaynaklardan hareketle metin oluşturma kavramları gündeme gelmiştir. Bu kavramları içeren sentez metin yazma da yazarların birden fazla kaynaktaki bilgilerden ve ön bilgilerinden yararlanarak kendi özgün metinlerini oluşturma sürecini ifade etmektedir. Bu araştırmada 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin sentez metin yazma sürecindeki sorunlarını, oluşturdukları metinlerden, özgün metinlerini oluşturmak için yararlandıkları kaynak metinlerden ve not kâğıtlarından hareketle incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Hatay il merkezindeki bir devlet okulunun 7. sınıfında öğrenim görmekte olan 51 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler incelendiğinde, öğrencilerin yazdıkları sentez metinlerde, metnin genel organizasyonu, metin yapısı oluşturma, içerik ve anlatımı düzenleme, kaynak metinlerin kullanımı, dil kullanımına ilişkin sorunlar tespit edilmiştir. Kaynak metinlerin ve not kâğıdı kullanımının incelenmesiyle öğrencilerin okuma süreciyle ilgili eksikleri belirlenmiştir.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Okuma Stratejileri Bilişsel Farkındalık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YEMENİCİ Aliye İlkay , ULU Hacer
Published: October 2020

Bireyin okuma becerisini kazanması ve geliştirmesi hem öğretim hem de sosyal hayatı boyunca oldukça önemlidir. Okurun yazarın ifadelerinden anlam üretebilmesi için süreç boyunca okuma stratejilerini kullanması gereklidir. Okuma stratejileri okuma öncesi, okuma sırası ve okuma sonrasında kullanılan stratejiler olarak gruplandırılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının okuma stratejileri bilişsel farkındalık düzeylerini cinsiyet, bölüm, sınıf düzeyi, okuma materyali tercihi, yıllık okunan kitap sayısı, kitap türü ve araştırma yaptıkları materyal tercihine göre incelemektir. Araştırma betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden genel tarama modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2018–2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir devlet üniversitenin çeşitli bölümlerinde öğrenim görmekte olan 302 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Karatay (2009) tarafından geliştirilen “Okuma Stratejileri Bilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde frekans, aritmetik ortalama, yüzde dağılımı ve çok değişkenli varyans analizi (MANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmen adaylarının okuma stratejileri bilişsel farkındalıkları cinsiyet, bölüm, sınıf düzeyi ve yıllık okunan kitap sayısı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken okuma materyali tercihi, kitap türü ve araştırma yaptıkları materyale göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemektedir. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
A Operacionalização do Programa Nacional De Alimentação Escolar nas Escolas Municipais de Santa Maria (RS)
Authors: Pauli Rita Inês , Steidnorff Kelen , Oliveira Sibele Vasconcelos de , Marinho Luana Sanfelice
Published: October 2020

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é a mais importante ação governamental brasileira de suplementação alimentar para as crianças em idade escolar. A ampla abrangência e a incorporação de novos atores institucionais são as principais marcas de sua trajetória. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar as particularidades operacionais do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar nas escolas municipais de Santa Maria (RS). Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados são de natureza quali-quantitativa, delineados a partir de informações obtidas por meio de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários, de modo a explorar as percepções de atores institucionais diretamente envolvidos nos processos de compra, venda e distribuição dos alimentos nas escolas. Além do mais, foram manipulados dados estatísticos divulgados pela Prefeitura Municipal de Santa Maria e do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os gestores das escolas ainda vislumbram insuficiências quantitativas na operacionalização da oferta de alimentos aos estudantes, contudo acreditam que ineficiências qualitativas poderiam ser reduzidas com alteração na forma de gestão dos recursos para a alimentação escolar. No ano de 2017, as compras com a agricultura familiar representaram 40,19% do total de aquisições realizadas pela Prefeitura Municipal, o que denota um esforço no atendimento de forma mais incisiva aos princípios da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN).
Novidades construídas no Sistema de Produção do Leite Orgânico na Região Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Gazolla Marcio , Lovatel Marlise
Published: October 2020

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as motivações que levaram os agricultores familiares a empreender a transição do sistema produtivo modernizado para o orgânico e compreender os tipos e efeitos das novidades construídas ao longo da sua trajetória na atividade do leite orgânico. A investigação foi realizada junto a nove agricultores familiares e oito técnicos de diferentes instituições e organizações que acompanham e assessoram as famílias, totalizando 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas (com levantamento de dados quali-quantitativos), abrangendo nove municípios, todos pertencentes à Região Extremo Oeste Catarinense (REOC). Para cumprir este objetivo, a perspectiva teórica mobilizada foi a Multinível e Co-Evolucionária (PMN) e a noção de novidades no desenvolvimento rural e regional. Como resultados e conclusões relevantes, a investigação aponta que as principais motivações dos agricultores para realizarem a transição do sistema modernizado para o orgânico estão os frequentes problemas com contaminação com agrotóxicos, a baixa renda auferida e a insustentabilidade ambiental dos processos produtivos. Quanto aos tipos de novidades, a pesquisa evidenciou que na trajetória de desenvolvimento do Sistema Produtivo do Leite Orgânico (SPLO) construiu-se três conjuntos interligados de novidades, as produtivas, tecnológicas e ambientais. Como efeitos principais destes três tipos de novidades no SPLO, estão o aumento de renda econômica das experiências e dos níveis de sustentabilidade ambiental do processo produtivo e de trabalho dos agricultores.
Planos, Projetos Urbanos e redes: os distritos tecnológicos de Zorrozaurre (Bilbao) e Parque dos Patrícios (Buenos Aires), no contexto metropolitano
Authors: Sguizzardi Abascal Eunice Helena , Bilbao Carlos Abascal
Published: October 2020

Assiste-se ao desenvolvimento em rede da economia em âmbito urbano-regional, e uma importante questão reside em como as cidades vêm enfrentando o esvaziamento e a desfuncionalidade econômica, fruto de processos de desindustrialização ou de uma nova localização industrial periurbana, e de como tais fenômenos são compreendidos pelo planejamento e enfrentados por planos e Projetos Urbanos. Sistemas em rede articulam atividades em âmbito urbano-regional, procurando a complementaridade da indústria tradicional e de novas formas de economia, economia criativa e atividades 4.0 (TIC), suprindo tanto as capitais como as áreas ou regiões metropolitanas. Ao mesmo tempo em que se busca uma compensação para a desconcentração industrial nos centros urbanos, e que periferias e bordas acolhem polígonos e tecidos industriais, pela proximidade aos principais eixos de escoamento e vantagens logísticas, desequilíbrios e desigualdades socioterritoriais são gerados em escala regional e local, na medida em que a economia encontra modos de reprodução e localização envolvendo populações e especificidades sociofuncionais. Discute-se a concepção de planos e Projetos Urbanos, sobretudo dos parques tecnológicos urbanos, a fim de alcançar novas expressões da economia e atração de empresas de TIC em centros urbanos com áreas em deterioração, a exemplo dos projetos para Zorrozaurre (Bilbao, Espanha) e Parque dos Patrícios (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Os resultados evidenciam as relações de planos e Projetos Urbanos com áreas periurbanas e regiões metropolitanas, o papel desses projetos para a economia urbano-regional em rede, seus principais ganhos e descompassos, e desafios à atividade planejadora para atender às carências socioterritoriais em áreas em transformação.
Algumas estruturas de governança no interior da Bahia, de Minas Gerais e de São Paulo: mais inércia institucional e menos modernização política entre 2002 e 2014
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Wilson Bento
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho expõe e analisa alguns resultados da pesquisa “Governança territorial no Brasil: especificidades institucionais, lógicas espaciais e políticas de desenvolvimento”, guiado pela seguinte questão: as estruturas de governança reforçam a inércia institucional ou, pelo contrário, são indícios de modernização política? Partindo do pressuposto de que a função básica das estruturas é a cooperação, a hipótese poder ser expressa pela seguinte afirmação: a inércia institucional e a tendência à estabilidade presente nas relações entre atores dificultam a cooperação e a participação ao legitimar comportamentos relativamente inadequados na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável territorial. Porém, as dificuldades de cooperação também podem indicar um processo de modernização política. A análise dos dados e o desenvolvimento da hipótese foram feitos através de um modelo simplificado da realidade, o jogo, formado pelas interações entre atores e instituições. Mudanças na legitimidade institucional modificam os comportamentos dos atores e podem ser descritos como um processo de modernização política. Entretanto, os dados coletados indicaram que a cooperação e a participação são truncadas no âmbito das estruturas durante o período estudado (2002-2014), sugerindo que o seu funcionamento pode ser caracterizado mais pela inércia institucional e menos pela modernização política.
A Governança Política no Comitê de Bacia do Rio Paraguaçu
Authors: Ávila Heleni Duarte Dantas de , Nascimento Jucileide Ferreira do , Figueiredo Maria Gorete Borges , Sampaio Jéssica Bastos
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo é parte dos resultados da pesquisa, em fase de finalização, Governança Territorial no Brasil: especificidades institucionais, lógicas espaciais e políticas de desenvolvimento, nos estados: Bahia, Minas Gerais e São Paulo. Tem como objetivos principais identificar e analisar os processos políticos, de construção de acordos sócio-políticos hegemônicos e contra hegemônicos, no Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraguaçu. Problematizando a existência e as conformações das redes de poder nesse Comitê, tomando como base o pensamento do filósofo italiano Antônio Gramsci. A pesquisa teve como prioridade uma abordagem qualitativa, sem, contudo desconsiderar os dados quantitativos. As principais fontes utilizadas foram: documentos, entrevistas, observações de reuniões do Comitê. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo com categorização de expressões e situações que apareceram de forma mais relevante e que respondiam as questões contidas nos objetivos da pesquisa. A estudo teve como objeto o Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraguaçu, apontando os seguintes elementos conclusivos: presença de um bloco dominante, composto pelos usuários da água; inexistência de um bloco contra hegemônico, capaz de se contrapor ao bloco dominante; presença de forças isoladas (composta por representantes da sociedade civil) e com uma frágil articulação, conseguindo em alguns momentos, ir para o embate político e disputa de posições, porém com tímidas vitórias. Com os resultados desse estudo, é possível aprofundar o debate acerca dos compromissos econômicos e pactos políticos estabelecidos entre Estado, sociedade civil e usuários que dão o tom a governança no Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraguaçu.