bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stakeholders, as a Bridge Between Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Modreanu Andra , Andrișan Gabriela
Published: February 2022

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of stakeholders, the drivers of business ethics and corporate social responsibility for companies nowadays. The main purpose of the research is to comprehend how integrating corporate social responsibility in the core of business may contribute to the creation of a positive organization image among stakeholders. Systematization literary sources and approaches for establishing ethical business indicate that integrating corporate social responsibility in the business strategy may ethically influence stakeholders’ perception. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that companies worldwide are facing a challenging period as the interests, expectations and needs of individuals are changing. Firms should embrace and adapt to the new reality to survive and function properly. For instance, besides economic objectives, organizations should strive to achieve social goals. Hence, companies should act based on fairness, responsibility, honesty, equity and morality. Investigation of the topic stakeholders, the drivers of business ethics and corporate social responsibility for companies nowadays in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: firstly, the theoretical concepts have been defined (ethics, business ethics, stakeholder theory, corporate social responsibility). Then the interdependency between business ethics and corporate social responsibility has been presented briefly. The methodological research was based on a quantitative method: the investigation and analysis of secondary data from 2016-2021. The paper presents the results of an empirical study focused on identifying how companies might create and maintain relationships with parties of interest in a responsible manner, which showed that in the initial phase of the process, corporate social responsibility should be integrated into the core of the business. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that an organization that develops positive relationships with its internal and external environment may benefit from credibility among stakeholders and a positive company image. The results of the research can be useful for practitioners or researchers interested in the responsible management of businesses.
CARDIAC ARREST AFTER INTRA-CORONARY NICORANDIL: A CATH LAB NIGHTMARE
Authors: Ruhela Manish , Kumar Ola Rakesh , Bagarhatta Rajeev
Published: February 2022

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the most effective therapy for patients with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, up to half of STEMI patients suffer from coronary microvascular dysfunction, presenting as the slow flow or no-flow phenomenon. A 50 years male patient admitted with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction, PPCI was performed on the patient. After thrombus aspiration, a stent was placed in the proximal LAD. As coronary angiography showed slow flow in LAD, 6mg nicorandil was administrated intra-coronary. Immediately, cardiac arrest occurred and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed.
NOVELSYNTHETIC METHOD FOROZENOXACIN
Authors:   Discovery Chemistry Solutions, Aragen Life Sciences, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500076, India., Rao Inukollu Srinivasa ,   Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India., Sinha Pradipta ,   Discovery Chemistry Solutions, Aragen Life Sciences, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500076, India., Soni Ajay ,   Discovery Chemistry Solutions, Aragen Life Sciences, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500076, India., pal Arani ,   Discovery Chemistry Solutions, Aragen Life Sciences, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500076, India., Rao Gollapalli Nageswara ,   Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India.
Published: February 2022

A newsynthetic route has been developed for the total synthesis of ozenoxacin. In this route avoided toxic heavy metals and synthesised the key intermediate_7-bromo-1-cyclopropyl-8-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid by simply insertion of Cyclopropyl amine into 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid intermediate, Then the key intermediate carboxylic acidundergoesSuzuki coupling with boronated ester and deacetylation to afford ozenoxacin.
Green bonds of supranational financial institutions: On the road to sustainable development
Authors: Versal Nataliia , Sholoiko Antonina
Published: February 2022

The move to sustainable development and building a carbon-low economy needs funding. In this regard, a new direction in finance – green (sustainable) finance – has emerged. One of the green finance instruments is green bonds, first issued by supranational financial institutions. This paper aims to identify the features of green bond issues and implemented green projects by the World Bank (the WB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the EBRD). Data were obtained from databases and reports of the WB, the EBRD, and the Climate Bonds Initiative. Data analysis was provided using statistical methods, particularly descriptive and comparative statistics. A positive trend in the issue of green bonds in the volumes and timing of the WB and the EBRD was revealed, despite the shift in emphasis caused by COVID-19. Renewable energy, energy efficiency, and clean transportation remain the primary directions of the WB, and the EBRD green projects amounted to more than 60% of total projects funding. The geography of green projects financed through the WB and the EBRD green bonds indicates that green projects are receiving significant funding from countries facing environmental challenges and demonstrating intent to green transition (the WB – China and India, the EBRD – Turkey, Poland, and Egypt). Supranational financial institutions were the first to come to the forefront of sustainable development funding and are now spearheading the creation of new financial instruments aimed at financing both green and social projects, leading to the emergence of sustainability bonds.
Acknowledgment(s)The authors would like to thank the participants of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Development (SDL 2021) for providing the valuable remarks and a fruitful discussion. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Pendekatan Vousinas Fraud Hexagon Model dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan Pelaporan Keuangan
Authors:   Universitas Riau, Kampus Bina Widya KM. 12,5, Simpang Baru, Kec. Tampan, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28293, Miftahul Jannah Vika , Andreas Andreas ,   Universitas Riau, Kampus Bina Widya KM. 12,5, Simpang Baru, Kec. Tampan, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28293, Rasuli M. ,   Universitas Riau, Kampus Bina Widya KM. 12,5, Simpang Baru, Kec. Tampan, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28293
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model fraud hexagon; stimulus (tekanan), kesempatan, rasionalisasi, kemampuan, ego dan kolusi terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan dengan menggunakan pengukuran model F-Score pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2017-2019. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian berjumlah 97 perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia dengan jumlah observasi sebanyak 291. Penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa stimulus (tekanan) yang ditinjau dari stabilitas keuangan dan target keuangan; kesempatan yang ditinjau dari ketidakefektifan pengawasan; ego yang ditinjau dari rangkap jabatan CEO tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan. Sedangkan stimulus (tekanan) yang ditinjau dari tekanan eksternal berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan; rasionalisasi yang ditinjau dari pergantian KAP; kemampuan yang ditinjau dari perubahan direktur dan kolusi yang ditinjau dari kinerja pasar berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan pelaporan keuangan. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan pada sektor perusahaan manufaktur sehingga hasil penelitian ini lebih menggambarkan situasi secara lokal. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecurangan pelaporan keuangan, oleh sebab itu sebaiknya manajemen perusahaan bersama-sama dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelaporan keuangan.
Determinan Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa di Kecamatan Tanawawo
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Jl. Kalisari Selatan No.1 Kalisari, Pakuwon City, Kec. Mulyorejo, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur 60112, Marlon Reu Fransiskus , Lasdi Lodovicus ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Jl. Kalisari Selatan No.1 Kalisari, Pakuwon City, Kec. Mulyorejo, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur 60112
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi aparatur desa, sistem pengendalian intern, partisipasi masyarakat desa dan penerapan siskeudes terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa. Grand theory dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori keagenan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan langsung kepada responden dengan jumlah sampel 88 perangkat desa yang terdiri dari 8 desa.Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pemerintah desa yang ada di wilayah Kecamatan Tanawawo.Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode linier berganda. analisis regresi Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi aparatur desa dan sistem pengendalian intern berpengaruh positif terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa, sedangkan variabel partisipasi masyarakat desa dan penerapan siskeudes tidak berpengaruh terhadap akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa dalam Tanaw wilayah Kecamatan Awo. Implikasi penelitian ini khususnya bagi perangkat desa di Kecamatan Tanawawo diharapkan lebih baik dalam pertanggungjawaban pengelolaan keuangan desa, memberikan masukan kepada pemerintah kabupaten Sikka mengenai efektifitas penggunaan aplikasi siskeudes di kabupaten Tanawawo, agar kedepannya aplikasi siskeudes dapat digunakan sepenuhnya di daerah ini dan dapat menyederhanakan sistem pembukuan dan pengeluaran desa. Selain itu, perangkat desa juga diharapkan mampu melibatkan masyarakat desa dalam segala pengambilan keputusan yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan dan kemajuan desa dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini terletak pada metode penelitian yang belum dapat menggambarkan secara utuh kondisi sebenarnya dari objek penelitian, sehingga penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menambahkan metode lain seperti wawancara. Implikasi dalam penelitian ini secara khusus bagi aparatur desa di wilayah Kecamatan Tanawawo diharapkan semakin baik dalam akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan desa, memberikan masukan kepada pemerintah kabupaten Sikka terkait efektifitas penggunaan aplikasi siskeudes di wilayah Kecamatan Tanawawo, agar kedepannya aplikasi siskeudes dapat digunakan sepenuhnya di wilayah ini dan dapat mempermudah sistem pembukuan maupun pengeluaran desa. Selain itu aparatur desa juga diharapkan mampu mengikutsertakan masyarakat desa dalam segala pengambilan keputusan terkait kepentingan dan kemajuan desa serta masyarakat pada umumnya. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini terletak pada metode penelitian yang belum secara keseluruhan dapat menggambarkan kondisi riil objek penelitian, sehingga penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan mampu menambahkan metode lain seperti wawancara.
Assessment and prediction of shoreline change using multi-temporal satellite data and geostatistics: A case study on the eastern coast of India
Authors: Basheer Ahammed K. K. , Pandey Arvind Chandra
Published: February 2022

Climate change and rising sea level is transforming global coastlines as corroborated by significant changes in the position of shoreline witnessed through coastal erosion or accretion. Andhra Pradesh has the second longest (972 km) coastline in India. The present study analyzed shoreline change and its future prediction by employing satellite-derived data and geographic information system. End point rate (EPR) and linear regression rate (LRR) statistical tools in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) were used to estimate historical shoreline change rate between 1973 and 2015. Erosion and accretion of the coastline were delineated from Landsat satellite images for 1973, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015; subsequently, shoreline is predicted for short-term (2025) and long-term (2050) periods. The study showcased that the river mouths of Krishna and Godavari experienced higher rate of change in shoreline position influenced by the deltaic environment and fluvial processes. LRR model prediction depicts the average rate of shoreline change during 2015–2025 will be −4.64 m, while between 2015 and 2050 it will increase to −16.25 m. The study observed that the error between predicted and actual shoreline is higher in the river mouth and deltaic plains. Predicted shoreline position will provide baseline information for adaptation strategies and policy framework for coastal management.
Startup and initial operation of an MLE-MABR treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Silveira Isabel Telles , Cadee Keith , Bagg Wayne
Published: February 2022

A 630 m3/d pilot plant was installed at Subiaco WRRF to determine design and operational parameters of a hybrid Modified Ludzack-Ettinger – Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MLE-MABR) configuration. Two commercial ZeeLung MABR cassettes were installed in series in the anoxic zone and the pilot was fed with primary effluent (averaging COD 601 mg/L, TKN 68.5 mg/L and 17–29 °C). A nitrifying biofilm was developed within 3 weeks and the nitrous oxide (N2O) gas emissions from the MABR exhaust gas proved to be a reliable parameter to assess biofilm development. Both MABRs achieved the average nitrification rate (NR) of 3.7 gNH4-N/m2.d when air flow was 8.6 and 11.2 Nm3/h to MABR1 and MABR2 respectively, which reached a maximum oxygen transfer rate of 17.4 gO2/m2.d. Biofilm thickness was controlled via air scouring and intermittent coarse bubble mixing (90 s on/90 s off). This paper discusses the startup strategy, minimum requirements for process monitoring, impact of different air flow conditions, ORP and mixing patterns on performance efficiency over a 22-week period.
AMBIENTES EDUCADORES
Authors: Modler Nébora Lazzarotto , Rheingantz Paulo Afonso , Carvalho Rodrigo Saballa de , Zanatta Yuri Potrich , Cerutti Stefani Daiprai
Published: February 2022

Este artigo parte da premissa de que os ambientes construídos para a Educação Infantil podem ser intencionalmente planejados para atuarem como agentes educadores de bebês e crianças pequenas. Com base no estudo de caso de uma escola de Educação Infantil em Erechim/RS, a pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as relações entre os ambientes (internos e externos) e a proposta pedagógica da instituição para, a partir delas, delinear algumas considerações sobre seus efeitos na concepção projetual de escolas infantis. A metodologia da pesquisa foi a Avaliação Pós-ocupação alinhada com a Abordagem Experiencial. A experiência de campo se desdobrou a partir de um Percurso Walkthrough, que evidenciou os efeitos da forma e da configuração das salas nos arranjos espaciais e na circulação das crianças. Observou-se que as características e disposição do mobiliário nas salas partem de uma intencionalidade pedagógica; que além das condições de conforto e bem-estar, as paredes, pisos, tetos e janelas podem (e devem) ser exploradas pedagogicamente; e que se concebido e configurado como um ambiente integrador, o pátio coberto atua como facilitador das brincadeiras e interações entre as crianças das diferentes faixas etárias. Enfim, os resultados confirmam a necessidade da concepção projetual atentar para a flexibilidade, de forma que os ambientes possam ser adaptados à abordagem pedagógica da escola e às propostas dos professores.
change of BDNF expression in traumatic brain injury after Kaempferia galanga L. administration
Authors: Kurniawan Achmad , Turchan Agus , Utomo Budi , Parenrengi Muhammad Arifin , Fauziah Dyah
Published: February 2022

BDNF has potent effects on neural synapses and its pathway affects cell survival and other biological processes. Kaempferia galanga L. has many active substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We analyzes BDNF in four different group of Wistar rats (Ratus novergicus) into Groups A (no trauma & extract), B (with trauma & no extract), C (with trauma and 600 mg/kgbw extract), and D (with trauma and 1200 mg/kgbw extract). Groups B, C, and D are further divided into those who had their BDNF measured on 24- (B24, C24, and D24) and 48-hours. BDNF expression were found to be statistically significant between Group A with both B24 (p = 0,009) and D24 (p = 0,009) on the 24-hour post-trauma decapitation analysis. On the 48 hours after trauma and extract administration, Group B48 (p = 0,002), C48 (p = <0,001), and D48 (p <0,001) were found to be significantly different with Group A. The administration of Kaempferia galanga L. extract can be considered as an option in increasing brain BDNF levels which are neuroprotective. Larger and specific studies are needed to determine the appropriate dose and duration.
The eminent role of imagination in Burton’s treatment of melancholy
Authors: Carvalho Cláudio Alexandre S.
Published: February 2022

Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy conveys an impressive body of medical and humanist knowledge through a multitude of voices and styles, leading some of its interpreters to reject its unity and originality. We sustain that, along with its curative strategies, Burton’s understanding of the imagination, «the queen of mental powers», is probably the most innovative contribution of his work. Grounded on the Aristotelian model, Burton develops an operative conception of imagination that is central in the fulfilment of the prophylactic and therapeutic goals of the Anatomy. Burton describes the normal functioning of imagination, bridging between the physical and the immaterial soul with reproductive and creative features, but also its abnormal and/or pathological manifestations, particularly the way it has «the power to arouse the [melancholic] passions». The particular kind of delirium in which melancholy consists is described by Burton as the consequence of unbounded imagination, «first step and fountain of all grievances», initiating damaging forms of enjoyment. On the other hand, a kind of «guided imagining» is required for the inoculation and relief of melancholic syndromes. These goals are not simply stated, through dietetic prescriptions and truncated spiritual measures. Burton constructs a reading experience that relies on the imagination as a way to understand, prevent and cure sensory, emotional, and cognitive iterations of melancholy. Inspired by the story of Zisca’s drum, Burton designed the Anatomy so that it has incantatory gifts for its reader, affirming that it must «drive away melancholy (thou I be gone)».
Vergonha, corpo e narrativa uma leitura de “Obsessão” de Clarice Lispector à luz da Teoria do Afeto
Authors: Huang Lingchen , Jin Xinyi
Published: February 2022

São intrínsecas as relações entre o sentimento de vergonha, o corpo e a narrativa, como demonstrado no conto “Obsessão” de Clarice Lispector. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar como a vergonha é apresentada pela escrita do corpo feminino e demonstrar o modo como se reflete este afeto na narrativa em primeira pessoa, tomando a teoria do afeto de Silvan Tomkins como instrumento de análise. O estudo permitirá uma melhor compreensão sobre a vergonha derivada do sentimento de inferioridade e do deslocamento na hierarquia sociocultural, além dos impactos que ela exerce no corpo, na narrativa e na escrita feminina. O trabalho analisa as reações somáticas e psicopatológicas como o resultado da vergonha e do amor obsessivo da narradora. Apoiando-se em Sheils e Walsh, também se debruça sobre a vergonha no nível da narração e da sintaxe através do uso de uma narrativa introspetiva, explorando a trama implícita na história.
La interrelación de derechos humanos y medio ambiente desde el concepto de la seguridad humana
Authors: Torres-Guarnizo Mauricio Antonio , Velandia-Pardo Elmers Freddy
Published: February 2022

Este artículo hace un análisis acerca de los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente en relación con la seguridad humana, a partir de la evolución del concepto de seguridad hasta alcanzar la perspectiva multidimensional adoptada en el plano internacional. A partir de las dimensiones de la seguridad humana, especialmente la dimensión de la seguridad ambiental, se estudia su interrelación con los derechos humanos. Para ello se analizan los principios marco sobre derechos humanos y medio ambiente planteados por Naciones Unidas en 2018, que establecen las principales obligaciones de los Estados en cuanto a los derechos humanos, relacionadas con el disfrute de un medio ambiente seguro, limpio, saludable y sostenible. Se concluye que estos principios marco son claves para armonizar y destacar la interrelación de los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente.
Evaluación estadística de los homicidios en Sudamérica entre 1990 y 2020
Authors: Restrepo-Betancur Luis Fernando
Published: February 2022

La violencia es actualmente uno de los principales problemas a nivel mundial, se manifiesta de diferentes maneras y encuentra en el homicidio una forma extrema de expresión que refleja graves problemas sociales. Este artículo busca comparar la proporción de muertes por homicidio y la tasa de homicidios entre los países de Sudamérica durante los últimos treinta años. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo comparativo de tipo longitudinal, con base en el modelo lineal general. Se encuentra que Colombia, Brasil y Venezuela presentan las estadísticas más altas al respecto en este periodo. Se concluye que en los países donde hay grupos al margen de la ley y problemas de desigualdad y pobreza se da el mayor número de casos.
Armonización legislativa en la Comunidad Andina respecto a la contratación estatal
Authors: Blanco-Alvarado Carolina
Published: February 2022

Este artículo aborda la importancia de la armonización legislativa de los países de la Comunidad Andina en la contratación estatal. Para ello se identifica la relación entre la armonización legislativa y los contratos estatales, se exponen las principales razones que justifican las propuestas de armonización legislativa en este tema, se analizan los obstáculos que enfrenta la consolidación de una normatividad supranacional, así como las posibles soluciones ante estos obstáculos. Se usó una metodología de investigación cualitativa y dogmática, con base en la doctrina y las leyes colombianas y del marco andino, para explicar la naturaleza jurídica de la normatividad frente al tema. Se concluye que el proceso de integración andina del que hace parte la armonización legislativa propuesta es un proceso ambicioso y complejo, pero con grandes beneficios para sus países miembros.
Entre la seguridad, la libertad y la justicia
Authors: Mendez-Rocasolano María
Published: February 2022

Para la solución de conflictos, las normas e instituciones europeas han consolidado un marco regulatorio con una directiva de mediación, a pesar de que su aplicación nacional es heterogénea. Así, para unificar su uso como mecanismo eficaz e incorporar la cultura de la mediación, se ha promovido su obligatoriedad mitigada. Este artículo aborda la tensa discusión doctrinal que surge de allí y que enriquece la reflexión sobre la tutela judicial efectiva y la seguridad, la libertad y la justicia, contenidos esenciales de los derechos fundamentales, la democracia y el Estado de derecho. Se abordan los criterios dogmáticos actuales, se analiza el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva como derecho fundamental y finalmente se aborda la jurisprudencia europea al respecto, en especial la solución del derecho italiano, que se considera ejemplar.
Human Factors and Technological Characteristics Influencing the Interaction of Medical Professionals With Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Literature Review
Authors: Knop Michael , Weber Sebastian , Mueller Marius , Niehaves Bjoern
Published: February 2022

Background

The digitization and automation of diagnostics and treatments promise to alter the quality of health care and improve patient outcomes, whereas the undersupply of medical personnel, high workload on medical professionals, and medical case complexity increase. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been proven to help medical professionals in their everyday work through their ability to process vast amounts of patient information. However, comprehensive adoption is partially disrupted by specific technological and personal characteristics. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), CDSSs have become an adaptive technology with human-like capabilities and are able to learn and change their characteristics over time. However, research has not reflected on the characteristics and factors essential for effective collaboration between human actors and AI-enabled CDSSs.

Objective

Our study aims to summarize the factors influencing effective collaboration between medical professionals and AI-enabled CDSSs. These factors are essential for medical professionals, management, and technology designers to reflect on the adoption, implementation, and development of an AI-enabled CDSS.

Methods

We conducted a literature review including 3 different meta-databases, screening over 1000 articles and including 101 articles for full-text assessment. Of the 101 articles, 7 (6.9%) met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed for our synthesis.

Results

We identified the technological characteristics and human factors that appear to have an essential effect on the collaboration of medical professionals and AI-enabled CDSSs in accordance with our research objective, namely, training data quality, performance, explainability, adaptability, medical expertise, technological expertise, personality, cognitive biases, and trust. Comparing our results with those from research on non-AI CDSSs, some characteristics and factors retain their importance, whereas others gain or lose relevance owing to the uniqueness of human-AI interactions. However, only a few (1/7, 14%) studies have mentioned the theoretical foundations and patient outcomes related to AI-enabled CDSSs.

Conclusions

Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant characteristics and factors that influence the interaction and collaboration between medical professionals and AI-enabled CDSSs. Rather limited theoretical foundations currently hinder the possibility of creating adequate concepts and models to explain and predict the interrelations between these characteristics and factors. For an appropriate evaluation of the human-AI collaboration, patient outcomes and the role of patients in the decision-making process should be considered.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in the North Region of Oman in August 2019: Case Series Study
Authors: Alsaadi Khalid Saif , Abd-Ellatif Eman , Alhashmi Fatima , Almoqbali Ali , Vaidya Vidyanand
Published: February 2022

Background

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic tickborne disease that has been linked to a high mortality rate in a number of nations. In Oman, the first case of CCHF was discovered in 1995. The Directorate of Disease Surveillance and Control received reports of four individuals with CCHF from various places in Northern Oman between August 17 and August 23, 2019 (during the Eid Adha festival).

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify CCHF patients, determine the source and mechanism of transmission, and recommend preventive measures to avoid further outbreaks.

Methods

We arranged for a field visit with teams from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Municipality on the same day of notice (August 23-17, 2019) in the region, and a case series study was undertaken using a semistructured questionnaire.

Results

The findings revealed that all of the patients were men (three were Omanis), ranging in age from 40 to 55 years. Three of the patients worked in slaughterhouses, and all patients had close contact with raw sheep tissues. Fever and gastrointestinal problems were the most common symptoms, with a case fatality rate of 25%. Late bleeding signs and coagulopathy were detected in the patient who died.

Conclusions

The causative agent was most likely CCHF virus, and the source of the outbreak was infected imported sheep through direct contact with contaminated biological tissues, based on symptoms, signs, lab tests, and the incubation period. All imported sheep must be tested and flagged at the main gates of the three ports in Oman’s north region.
A Conceptual Framework to Design Connected Mental Health Solutions in the United Arab Emirates: Questionnaire Study (Preprint)
Authors: Drissi Nidal , Ouhbi Sofia , Amiri Leena , Al Mugaddam Fadwa , Jan Reem K , Isomursu Minna
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Connected mental health (CMH) is a field presenting information and communications technology–based mental care interventions that could help overcome many mental care delivery barriers. Culture and background influence people’s attitudes, preferences, and acceptance of such solutions. Therefore, the suitability of CMH solutions to the targeted population is an important factor in their successful adoption.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop a framework for the design and creation of CMH solutions suitable for the UAE context. The framework is based on investigating enablers and barriers of CMH adoption in the United Arab Emirates, from the mental health professional's (MHP) perspective and from related literature.

METHODS

A survey of literature on relevant studies addressing the use of technology for mental care in Arab countries, and a web-based questionnaire-based survey with 17 MHPs practicing in the United Arab Emirates investigating their attitudes and views toward CMH was conducted. Results from the questionnaire and from related studies were analyzed to develop the design framework.

RESULTS

On the basis of findings from the literature survey and analyzing MHP answers to the web-based survey, a framework for the design of CMH solutions for the UAE population was developed. The framework presents four types of recommendation categories: favorable criteria, which included blended care, anonymity, and ease of use; cultural factors including availability in multiple languages, mainly Arabic and English, in addition to religious and cultural considerations; technical considerations, including good-quality communication, availability in formats compatible with mobile phones, and providing technical support; and users’ health and data safety considerations, including users’ suitability testing, confidentiality, and ensuring MHP integrity.

CONCLUSIONS

CMH has the potential to help overcome many mental care barriers in the United Arab Emirates in particular and in the Arab world in general. CMH adoption in the United Arab Emirates has a potential for success. However, many factors should be taken into account, mainly cultural, religious, and linguistic aspects.
Evaluation of the Leishmania Surveillance System, Yemen, 2021 (Preprint)
Authors: Aldaeri Magdi , Anam Labiba , Alhaidari Sami
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Control of preventive chemotherapy-targeted neglected tropical diseases (PC-NTDs) depends on strengthened health systems. Efficient health information systems provide a stimulus to reaching the sustainable development goal aimed at ending PC-NTD epidemics. However, there is limited assessment of surveillance system functions linked to PC-NTDs that are hinged on the optimal performance of surveillance system attributes.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness and performance of the National Leishmania Control Program (NLCP), and to estimate the strength and weakness points of the system.

METHODS

We followed the updated six steps of Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders at the central level and semistructured questionnaires at the peripheral level. We used questions (yes, no) to assess the usefulness and a 5-point Likert scale to measure the attributes. The final score was interpreted as poor (<60), average (60-80), and good (>80).

RESULTS

The NLCP seemed to be useful (86%) and some of its objectives were met. The system has average performance in flexibility (78%), simplicity (64%), acceptability (80%), and data quality (65%). Poor performance was indicated for stability (33%) and timeliness (8%). The overall performance of the NLCP was deemed to be poor (55%). Continuation of the system was the strongest point, whereas the lack of governmental and agency funds was the weakest point.

CONCLUSIONS

The NLCP was found to be useful regarding the attributes assessed; simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, and data quality were deemed to be average, whereas stability and timeliness were considered to be poor. Governmental financial support to the program is highly recommended. In addition, creating a database for staff at the peripheral level and expanding the number of health facilities that serve as Leishmania units are required.
Consumers’ Food Safety Knowledge and Practices During COVID-19 in Jordan: Web-based Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Al Zein Eva Inam , Rashaideh Amjad , Kheirallah Khaled , Khazally Hala , Syaheen Mamoun
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

In Western countries, several studies have reported changes in consumers’ behaviors regarding food safety in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The shared responsibility of food safety, between governments, food businesses, and consumers, has been well recognized and calls for extra preventive measures and recommendations to be introduced for food handlers, producers, and consumers. Little, however, is known about food safety in developing countries, including Jordan.

OBJECTIVE

This study assessed the food safety knowledge and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic era in Jordan.

METHODS

A web-based, self-administered questionnaire, published via the Jordan Food and Drug Administration website and social media platforms (March-July 2021), was utilized. The questionnaire assessed COVID-19 preventive measures (11 questions), food safety knowledge, (13 questions), and food safety practices (12 questions). Descriptive statistics were presented.

RESULTS

In total, 969 respondents gave valid responses, of which 588 (60.7%) were females, 325 (33.5%) were 38-49 years old, 628 (64.8%) were married, 623 (64.3%) had college or bachelor degrees, 376 (38.8%) were from the central region, 809 (83.5%) were living in urban settings, and 313 (32.3%) had a medical background. The mean (SD) food safety knowledge score was 8.34 (2.33; range 0-13). Mean food safety knowledge scores were significantly different (P<.05) by age, marital status, education, field of study, training in food safety, employment status, monthly family income, and area of residence but not by gender and number of family members. Statistically significant correlations between mean knowledge scores and COVID-19 practice scores (P<.001, r=0.183) and food safety practice scores (P<.001, r=0.346) were detected.

CONCLUSIONS

Consumers seem to have adequate food safety knowledge and follow COVID-19-related preventive measures, which may transfer to better food practices and prevention of diseases, such as foodborne illnesses and COVID-19. Further studies and interventions in this regard are needed in Jordan.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Continued Wearable Device Usage in Elderly Populations (Preprint)
Authors: Muñoz Esquivel Karla , Gillespie James , Kelly Daniel , Condell Joan , Davies Richard , McHugh Catherine , Duffy William , Nevala Elina , Alamäki Antti , Jalovaara Juha , Tedesco Salvatore , Barton John , Nordström Anna
Published: February 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The increased use of sensor technology has highlighted the potential for remote telehealth services such as rehabilitation. Telehealth services incorporating wearable sensors are most likely to appeal to the elderly population in remote and rural areas who may struggle with lengthy commutes to clinics. However, the usability of such systems can often discourage patients from adopting these services. To increase the adoption rates of wearable technology, the usability factors influencing continued device usage in the elderly population are examined. This work focuses on evaluating the usability of a popular activity tracker, the Xiaomi Mi Band 3, amongst the over 65 population. The study consisted of 65 elders wearing the wearable sensor for 7 days while only doffing the device for charging. The study was conducted across 4 different regions; Northern Ireland, Ireland, Sweden, and Finland, to diminish any geographical differences in usability perception. At the end of the week, a customised usability questionnaire was taken by the participants to gain insights into their experience. The aim of the study was to identify influencing factors on whether an elder would continue using a wearable device. This paper concludes that comfort and accuracy are the two main influencing factors in sustaining wearable device usage. The study formed part of The Smart sENsor Devices fOr rehabilitation and Connected health (SENDoc) project, which assessed the usability of sensors for remote rehabilitation of elders in the Northern Periphery of Europe.
Pembuatan Konsentrat Omega-3 dari Minyak Hati Hiu Botol dengan Metode Kristalisasi Urea
Authors: Chamidah Anies , Wicaksono Andaru
Published: February 2022

Minyak ikan adalah sumber terbaik dari omega-3 khususnya EPA dan DHA yang penting untuk kesehatan manusia. Hati hiu kaya akan minyak, sampai saat ini, pemanfaataannya terbatas sebagai sumber squalene atau bahkan dibuang sebagai limbah padahal kandungan asam lemak omega-3nya masih cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pembuatan konsentrat omega-3 dari minyak hati ikan hiu. Metode yang digunakan adalah kompleks urea yang dapat memisahkan antara asam lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh dengan perlakuam Aa (rasio urea : asam lemak = 2 :1 suhu 25°C), Ab (rasio urea : asam lemak = 2 :1 suhu 5°C), Ba (rasio urea : asam lemak = 4:1 suhu 25°C) dan Bb (rasio urea : asam lemak = 4 :1 suhu 5°C). Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan rasio urea: minyak ikan (4:1) dengan suhu pengadukan 5°C (Ba) menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 28,78% dan bilangan iod sebesar 182,48 g/100g serta kadar EPA sebesar 20,04% dan  DHA sebesar 13,59% dengan total asam lemak PUFA sebesar 35,78%. Kesimpulannya pembuatan konsentrat omega-3 dari minyak hati hiu botol dengan metode kristalisasi urea layak diupayakan.
Kemampuan Pembasahan Saliva Buatan dengan Kandungan Ekstrak Mukus Lele (Clarias batrachus)
Authors: Yoretina Zipora Silka , Dewi Anne Handrini , Susanto Hendri , Yulianto Heribertus Dedy Kusuma
Published: February 2022

Xerostomia merupakan keluhan subyektif mulut kering yang sering berhubungan dengan adanya penurunan fungsi kelenjar saliva. Penanganan pasien xerostomia dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian saliva buatan. Mukus lele memiliki karakteristik dan kemampuan dalam menggantikan fungsi saliva, sehingga dengan konsentrasi yang tepat mampu berperan sebagai lubrikan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya kemampuan pembasahan antara saliva manusia dengan saliva buatan yang mengandung mukus lele (Clarias batrachus) pada permukaan hidrofobik. Mukus lele (Clarias batrachus) diekstraksi kemudian diformulasikan menjadi saliva buatan dengan menambahkan 0,1% methylparaben, 0,05% EDTA, 4,69% dekstrosa, dan aqua pro-injection. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengukur kemampuan pembasahan saliva buatan menggunakan indikator besarnya sudut kontak sampel pada permukaan hidrofobik selama 5 menit. Data yang digunakan merupakan rerata nilai sudut kontak pada kedua sisi tetesan di menit ke-0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, dan 5 yang dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ. Hasil independent sample t-test  menunjukkan sudut kontak saliva buatan mukus lele lebih kecil daripada saliva manusia (p<0,05) pada pengamatan menit ke-0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, dan 5. Kemampuan pembasahan saliva buatan mukus lele memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan saliva manusia, sehingga saliva buatan ini memberikan fungsi lubrikatif dan protektif yang tidak terlalu menyerupai saliva manusia.
State Land Fund of Chornye Zemli (Kalmykia), 1930s: Analyzing Selected Sources on Establishment and Use
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Gunaev Evgeniy
Published: February 2022

Goals. The article aims to examine newly identified archival sources on the establishment and use of Chornye Zemli state land fund in 1930s Kalmykia, including the issue of land allocation for farms from neighboring regions of South Russia for pastoral livestock breeding. Results. The paper analyzes resolutions and official correspondence between central authorities of the USSR, RSFSR, Kalmyk ASSR, krais and oblasts adjacent to Kalmykia. The work shows the early 1930s witnessed that Chornye Zemli (Russ. ‘Black Lands’) started gaining a special status as a pasture territory of interregional significance. This status was completely consolidated by Resolution of the USSR Council of People’s Commissars of 17 June 1936 no. 1054 which granted farms of neighboring regions from the south of the RSFSR and Georgian SSR a right to receive grazing plots in Chornye Zemli of Kalmykia for long-term free use — for a period of 15 years.
The Song of Shara Mangas: A Latin Transliteration of One Oirat Manuscript from the Golstunsky Collection
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Ubushieva Danara
Published: February 2022

Goals. The article introduces a Latin transliteration of one authentic Clear Script text of The Song of Shara Mangas included in the Oirat manuscript of the Jangar from the Golstunsky Collection. Materials. The original Clear Script document is kept at the Manuscript Department integral to the Library of Faculty of Asian and African Studies, St. Petersburg University. The main method employed is that of traditional transliteration. Results. Introduction into scientific circulation of authentic written texts that have no xylographic copies — through Latin transliterations — may compile a source database for further research of Oirat written monuments.
Translation Problems of Minor Kalmyk Folklore Genres: An Insight into Materials of Ivan I. Popov
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Goryaeva Baira
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Proverbs and sayings are a genre of oral creativity that transmits the knowledge and experience of many generations. Paroemias are of practical importance for an individual as a member of society endowed with social roles and living by certain rules. The proverbs of the Don Kalmyks recorded by Ivan I. Popov also reflect the accumulated life experiences of previous generations, the wisdom of the people to have created them, their attitudes to values with due account of lifestyles and traditions of the ethnos. In this regard, translation of proverbs is difficult. Translating what is part of the culture of one people into another language is a complex process. Goals. The article aims to study Kalmyk-to-Russian translations of samples of paroemias contained in unpublished materials from the Popov Collection at the State Archive of Rostov Oblast. The scientific novelty of the work lies in that no studies to examine translation of minor Kalmyk folklore genres have been undertaken. Results. Knowledge of ethnic history and culture, spoken and literary Kalmyk language, painstaking collecting efforts, direct communication with informants allowed the collector to do accurate translations of samples of minor genres. Manuscripts of Ivan I. Popov demonstrate that he not only understood the meaning of a translated text but also possessed the phraseological richness of language, knew the oral tradition of the Kalmyks. The strategy of Popov’s translation is based on that he gives translations of proverbs and sayings reflecting the ethnic life realities, and in separate notes draws equivalents of paroemias from Russian folklore. So, the translation of proverbs into Russian is supplemented with notes in the manuscripts. In this case, Popov gives meanings of individual lexemes, patterns of their use in speech, sometimes specific contexts of use for paroemias are depicted. Ivan I. Popov, having perfectly studied colloquial speech of the Don Kalmyks, also turned to dictionaries, in particular, to the most complete dictionary of that time — the Mongolian-Russian-French Dictionary by O. M. Kowalewski, Mongolic grammars, textbooks, sources on the history and culture of the ethnos. All the above mentioned made it possible for the collector to do adequate scientific Russian translations of samples of minor Kalmyk folklore genres.
Museum of Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS): Revisiting Some Buddhist Exhibits Associated with Je Tsongkhapa
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Nurova Gerlya
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The Museum of Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS) houses quite a number of sculptural and pictorial images associated with the tradition of Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419; Tibetan Buddhist scholar to have founded the Gelug that gained widest distribution among Mongolic peoples) and delivered by different donators or from as various places. Goals. The articles analyzes several pieces of Buddhist art contained in the Museum’s collections and somewhat tied to the historical personality. Results. The analysis of one ‘altar group’ compiled from three images — those of Tsongkhapa and his two disciples — shows that the tradition of Mongolia’s Dorbets that share common ancestry with contemporary Kalmyks depicts the imagery with greater detail and semantics as compared to similar survived Kalmyk samples. However, the insight into the Kalmyk tradition attests to that the people were widely worshipping the Buddhist Teacher — founder of the Gelug.
Materials on Mongolic Visual Anthropology: A Cinematic Chronicle by August Kern Reviewed
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Tsoros Altman
Published: February 2022

Introduction. In 1923, Swiss filmmaker August Kern took motion pictures of Kalmyk settlements. Those were further used to compile an ethnographic film titled ‘Mysteries of Kalmyk Steppe. Glimpses of Kalmyk and Tatar Lifestyles’ (Fr. Les mystères de la steppe kalmouk. La vie des Tartars et des Kalmouks). Only one part of the film survived to the present but it does provide an extensive insight into the then life of Kalmyks. The newsreel depicts a short period, supposedly late spring to early summer, while one subtitle mentions Kern was able to film ‘an important religious feast of Kalmyks’. Goals. The articles attempts an analysis of ethnographic materials contained in A. Kern’s newsreel. The film is a unique and only early 20th century cinematographic document that shows religious rites, sporting events, and Kalmyk dance culture during festivities. Materials and methods. The work examines one variant of the cinematic chronicle archived at Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS) and containing religious scenery. Results. Key elements of the storyline — clockwise circumambulation of sacred entities, respects to banners, recitations of holy texts in Tibetan — can still be witnessed in Kalmyk religious practices. However, the depicted clothing patterns of Kalmyk clerics are gone and replaced by unified monastic robes typical for all sects of Tibetan Buddhism. Nowadays only a small share of Kalmyk priests wear traditional garments, even the latter usually styled after Mongolian patterns. Conclusions. The analysis concludes the mentioned changes have resulted from interrupted religious and cultural traditions during antireligious struggle witnessed by 20th century Russia. Meanwhile, Kern’s materials attest to that 1920s Kalmyks — though separated from the rest of Mongol world — were successful enough in retaining their traditional culture.