bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Credit Risk: Evidence From Commercial Banks in Malaysia
Authors: Muhamad Yusuf Noor Hafizha , Mohamad Shamsudin Mohamad Shukery , Mohd Abdoh Wan Mohd Yaseer , Badri Shah Noor Sharida , Shekh Zain Rozihanim
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between microeconomic factors with credit risk among selected commercial banks in Malaysia. For this purpose, a sample of seven out of 27 commercial banks in Malaysia was selected and the microeconomic factors affecting credit risk with six measurements of return on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE) were examined by applying Panel Regression Fixed Effect (FE) Model for a period 20 years from 1998 to 2017. The scope of the study covers seven selected commercial banks in Malaysia namely: Affin Bank Berhad, Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad, CIMB Bank Berhad, Hong Leong Bank Berhad, Malayan Banking Berhad, Public Bank Berhad and RHB Bank Berhad. This study is using credit risk proxy by non-performing loan for dependent variable while independent variables that have been selected were returned on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE). The findings of the study managed to reject the null hypothesis for return on asset, bank size, leverage, interest income and return on equity which indicates the five microeconomic variables give a significant relationship with credit risk. There are positive relationships between leverage, interest income and return on equity with credit risk while return on asset, bank size and ratio of capital are negatively related to credit risk. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between the ratio of capital and credit risk for commercial banks in Malaysia.
An Assessment on Information Technology Infrastructure Readiness Towards E-Waqf Property Management Initiatives
Authors: Abd Mutalib Hasyeilla , Md Sabri Sabiroh
Published: January 2021

The implementation of Information Technology (IT) in the daily management and administration is a very crucial and essential move for every organization nowadays. The implementation of IT in a waqf institution could help to ease as well as enhances the level of efficiency and effectiveness of the management team, especially when dealing with waqf property management. Studies that, as to date, waqf institutions in Malaysia still lack in the use of IT especially in managing the waqf property. The problems often arise in waqf property management such as information of waqf property is not centralized, data are unstructured and difficulties in data retrieval which caused it to be time consuming and inefficiency in the overall waqf property management. Thus, the implementation of an information system to manage the waqf property by the waqf institution is very crucial in ensuring the competitiveness of the organization. As part of the e-Waqf property management initiative, this study was conducted to assess the waqf institution readiness towards e-Waqf property management initiatives. A qualitative method using a case study design with a semi-structured interview has been conducted with a representative from a waqf institution in Malaysia. Assessment from the elements of readiness which focus on IT infrastructure shows a good level of readiness by the top management towards the e-Waqf property management initiative. However, the systems and communication element shows a low level of readiness. Results from this study could contribute to the e-Waqf property management readiness among the waqf institution as one of the push factors that will change the way waqf property is managed in every waqf institution. Hence, this will lead to the optimally utilized of waqf property for the benefits of the Ummah in the future.
Modeling Workplace Incivility as a Social Process Towards Sustainable Workforce in the Malaysian Context
Authors: Musairah S.K. , Md Sabri Sabiroh , Farhana Anis
Published: January 2021

Twenty years since the concept of workplace incivility has been introduced, research has been conducted in a variety of directions. While the literature has been expanding and it has been reported that as many as 96% employees have experienced workplace incivility and 99% have seen it, we still do not know how employees interpret of workplace incivility. Given that such an interpretation of the social process can affect the future thought and behavior of people, this information is important to understand workplace incivility beyond behavioral description. Although we have a comprehensive conceptual understanding of workplace incivility, without understanding the employees’ beliefs about incivility, we cannot effectively develop an integrative model of workplace incivility. The aim of this study is to develop a model on workplace incivility as a social process that includes interaction during and after the occurrence of incivility at the workplace. In addition, this research also aims to create awareness about workplace incivility; as well as employees’ preferences on how to address incivility at work and who should handle it. This qualitative study will investigate workplace incivility to understand incivility from the perspective of employees, refine the theoretical understanding of workplace incivility construct, and collecting data to develop the integrative model of workplace incivility. Employees will be asked to answer open-ended survey questions about the characteristics of workplace incivility and questions about why it happens. Responses will be analyzed with the phenomenological method. This research can also ease the development of practical strategies to manage and prevent workplace incivility. Therefore, the findings of this study can serve as a basis for specific prevention and intervention techniques that can be built in the future. This is because, it is important to uncover effective strategies to manage workplace incivility to improve employee well-being, which in turn would influence organizational performance.
Current Review Towards the New Best Practices of Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) in Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman M.A. , Mohd Razali I.N. , Zainol N.N. , Alias M.N. , Wan Yusoff W.Z.
Published: January 2021

Corporate Real Estate (CRE) is referring to land and buildings owned by companies which are not primarily in the real estate business used for operational purpose. CRE covers the entire range of activities. Awareness of knowledge of CRE in Malaysia lacks because the researcher found that the operation of properties owned by a few large companies is undermanaged and underused. This review paper focuses on the definition of corporate real estate (CRE), components of CRE, and the current practice in the industry. This paper a desk analysis reviewing the literature on general management of the corporate real estate. By using the secondary data such as Company Annual Report, Previous studies and other relevant sources. There are several different issues to examine along the way, from the business strategies, Constituent and tools to help make the right decisions. It draws a framework for CRE analysis. From this paper, we can find the issue to improve the current practice on the CRE in Malaysia.
The Changing Aspect of Partnership Business Structure in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rahman Hamizah , Othman Nurul Syahira , Tengku Zainal Mulok Tengku Adida , Kamarul Zaman Liziana , Wan Hashim Wan Murshida
Published: January 2021

Partnership business structures have been accepted as a major venture capital vehicle, which is generally opted for by small and medium businesses, or by professionals that are prohibited from incorporating under the respective laws. The main objectives of this paper are first to highlight the changes in the legal attributes of general partnership structures, resulting from its evolution to limited liability partnerships (LLP). Secondly, it investigates the suitability of the LLP structure for some business partners, particularly professionals, as businesses grow with rising trade costs and litigation issues that have forced partners to take precautions regarding business liabilities. These situations have led to a tendency for existing partnerships to change from general to a hybrid entity (LLP). Thirdly, it also analyses the benefits and drawbacks of LLPs as an option for general partnerships. This paper adopts doctrinal and statutory analysis as the research methods, whereby secondary analysis of relevant documents and legal acts that govern partnership businesses are referred to. Some interviews were conducted with the LLP partners, registration bodies, and bankers, to review the current implementation issues related to LLPs. This research found that the general partnership business structure has many problems, mainly related to unlimited liability and accounting procedures, which affect the obligations and protections of partners’ benefits. To conclude, the question of whether LLPs is the best alternative for partners to opt for from a general partnership finds that it is the easiest choice, compared with incorporation, but many impediments occur in its implementations that must be considered by partners.  although partners can protect themselves in LLPs with the partnership agreement, there are still many loopholes in its business implementation when it comes to integrity, trust, financing, reporting, sharing of profits, and other issues.
Institutional Reform Success Indicators in Higher Education
Authors: Mohd Yassin Yasni Nurul Huda , Ismail Azianti , Mohd Shaharoum Awaluddin , Othman Akmal Aini
Published: January 2021

Reformation of higher education (HE) institutions is fundamental in improving and strengthening its academic institutions of HE independence. Moving on now to consider the present academic community must undergo a process of change to improve the teaching, research, management functions, and operations of the institutions, which are incremental in a sustainable manner. In essence, there are many indicators of success that have been identified in studies conducted for other industries. The major trend currently observed is the reformation of the HE institutions in major countries mimicking the for-profit industries to make them more competitive. This paper integrates and advances pertinent factors that enable an effective and successful reformation process from the Asian HE perspective by reviewing relevant reformation literature on the matter. This systematic review has developed three (3) core themes relating to the importance of leadership, policy development and governance, and autonomy, which regards higher institutional practices from within the Asian region reviewed. And to conclude, the internal factor is dominating the indicators for HE reforms success. This finding seeks to offer future research to be extended from established institutions from other developed countries as a comparison when planning and implementing change initiatives at the institutional level.
The Role of Tax Authorities in Public Acceptance of Indirect Tax in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Jamel Nur Erma Suryani , Abdul Hamid Nadiah , Mohd Zawawi Siti Noor Hayati , Othman Rani Diana , Sulaiman Saliza
Published: January 2021

From 1st September 2018, the reimplementation of the Sales and Service Tax (SST) was due to take effect replacing the Goods and Service Tax (GST). The nation opposed GST as they argued that it was an added burden to their already high living cost. As the government had to find an alternative source to collect tax revenue, the best solution will be implementing the Sales and Services Tax. In contrast to GST which was carried on a value-added concept, this new charge is only imposed at manufacturer stages. Therefore, the supply chain would result in higher charges, shifting from manufacturers to retailers and consumers. Although the Consumer Price Index (CPI) basket is taxable, it is just 38 per cent of the total products and services. According to the National Worry Index conducted by Emir Research Malaysia, most respondents believe that Sales and Services Tax failed to reduce the prices of goods and services. Hence, acceptance is vital to ensure the success of indirect tax. Therefore, the present study aims to examine tax authorities’ role and public acceptance of SST in Malaysia. Data from 180 people living in Klang Valley were collected through a survey. To examine calculation and structural models, the Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) approach was adopted. This study’s findings suggested that tax authorities’ effectiveness, namely, the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) and the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumers Affairs (KPDNHEP), influenced public acceptance. Furthermore, the adoption of SST requires tax transparency and public confidence in the government. The understanding of the government, in particular, is a critical problem because, as an acknowledgement of the SST, it goes beyond the direct range of the taxation authorities. The public should perceive that tax authorities are effective, transparent, and trustworthy in executing indirect tax. Malaysians would be more accepting if the government declares the revenues from the tax obtained, as well as spending the tax income wisely on public amenities. These findings have important implications for the government to understand public acceptance in SST. Transparency will enhance public confidence in the government. Malaysians have to perceive that the Malaysian tax authorities are useful and the tax must be transparent to give their full trust to the government.
DeepL y su potencial para el desarrollo de la capacidad de análisis crítico en la clase de Traducción inversa
Authors: Roiss Silvia , Zimmermann González Petra
Published: February 2021

En nuestras clases de Traducción Inversa hemos observado que los alumnos poco experimentados confían de manera casi ciega en el traductor automático DeepL, alentados por el lema de la propia empresa, que lo define como «el mejor traductor del mundo». Nos hemos propuesto corregir el uso indiscriminado del programa y promover un aprendizaje que se centraba en dos objetivos: (1) Que el alumno valore la competencia traductora humana por encima del potencial de DeepL. (2) Que el alumno tome consciencia de la necesidad de una serie de actuaciones para asegurar el uso seguro del traductor automático. A este efecto, organizamos los ejercicios en tres fases: A) Fase de activación: partimos de traducciones fallidas, ofrecidas por el programa, enfocados a reforzar la autoestima del estudiante. B) Fase de profundización: con la ayuda de un catálogo de preguntas concisas, intentamos sensibilizarle para las prestaciones ofrecidas por el programa. C) Fase de consolidación: se organiza el saber adquirido en las fases anteriores.
Estudio de los rasgos del fantástico real en «Miroirs obscurs: treize contes fantastiques» de Jean-Baptiste Baronian desde un enfoque traductológico
Authors: Alarcón Soledad Díaz
Published: February 2021

El relato fantástico es por excelencia el discurso del desconcierto, enfrenta al hombre a sus propios miedos a través de la construcción de un clima de inquietante extrañeza en un contexto realista. Aunque sus orígenes se remontan a la novela gótica de Walpole, en el siglo XVIII, en el XX, el género fantástico se reafirma con fuerza en Bélgica gracias a las novelas de Franz Hellens, Jean Ray, Jean Muno, entre otros. Más recientemente, lo sobrenatural se acerca a la realidad de la mano de Jean-Baptiste Baronian, quien lo sitúa en la transgresión de la cotidianeidad. En este trabajo, estudiamos los rasgos característicos del relato fantástico de Baronian desde un enfoque traductológico: definimos los elementos que han de ser privilegiados en el proceso traslativo, diseñamos los objetivos de traducción y presentamos nuestra traducción al español, justificando las técnicas y procedimientos de traducción utilizadas según la taxonomía que compendia Hurtado Albir (2001).
Quelques difficultés linguistiques et culturelles dans la traduction de «L’Épopée des Trois Royaumes» de Luo Guanzhong
Authors: Durand-Sun Chaoying
Published: February 2021

Réflexions rétrospectives sur l’herméneutique translinguistique et transculturelle à travers des difficultés essentielles, d’ordre linguistique et d’ordre culturel, rencontrées au cours de la traduction d’un célèbre roman épique et historique chinois, L’épopée des Trois Royaumes de Luo Guanzhong (1330-1400?), d’une langue maternelle, le chinois, à une langue acquise, le français, deux langues appartenant à deux groupes linguistiques fort éloignés, cet article essaie également d’élucider quelques questions incontournables de la problématique de la traduction en Chine comme en Occident: définition de la traduction selon Steiner, critères d’or de la traduction selon Yan Fu et Qian Zhongshu, rôle et objectif du traducteur selon Proust etc. tout en insistant sur la spécificité de la langue chinoise figurative, ambivalence et polysémie des cultures tant chinoise qu’occidentale, afin d’en dégager quelques pistes ou conseils méthodologiques pour la traduction et de montrer que malgré les multiples difficultés aussi bien sur le plan langagier que sur le plan culturel, la traduction demeure possible, si le traducteur sait saisir le génie des deux langues impliquées dans cette formidable «  alchimie du verbe », et sait transcrire, ou faire revivre, dans sa traduction l’esprit et les sens profonds que contiennent et révèlent l’oeuvre à traduire.
Pharmaceutical Data Search by Decision Trees
Authors: Benhaddouche Djamila
Published: January 2021

The number of information concerning the drugs that any professional of health must control in practice and the transformations which they undergo, make the regulation or the administration of drugs difficult for a pregnant woman. Techniques of excavation of data were developed to lead a model of classification of data according to precise criteria. One of   the most used of is the technique of the decision trees, a method making it possible to predict the membership of an individual to a class according to his characteristics; it is based primarily on the relevant attributes of the data base of the field to which it is applied. In our case classification of managed drugs or not with the pregnant woman will be done according to quarters of the pregnancy. The results of this technique will help the professionals of health to take a decision, to make a good regulation, to decrease the accidents related to the catch of inadequate drugs at the period of pregnancy with less risks for the child.
A Review on the Methods of Evaluating the New Approaches Proposed in the Agile Context
Authors: Alaidaros Hamzah , Omar Mazni , Romli Rohaida
Published: January 2021

In the recent years, Agile is being one of the emerging technologies adopted by numerous organizations.  The Agile methods have not received a wide acceptance within the software development organizations (SDOs), but they are also being extensively employed in different fields and environments. Accordingly, new approaches have been proposed by researchers and practitioners based on the Agile context, however, there is scarce and – sometimes - absence of describing the evaluation process of these approaches. Therefore, this paper reports the findings of an extensive literature search on how the new proposed approaches are being evaluated. The narrative review methodology was employed to criticize and summarize a body of literature retrieved from various scientific sources. The results reveal that there are various methods used for evaluating the proposed Agile approaches. Nevertheless, this review focuses on explaining the five common methods, which are: (1) case study, (2) survey, (3) interview, (3) focus group, and (5) expert review. Thereafter, the authors discuss the key findings and highlight directions for future researches. This study tends to help researchers and practitioners to select the suitable evaluation methods when constructing new Agile approaches.
Using Feature Selection Methods to Discover Common Users’ Preferences for Online Recommender Systems
Authors: Ndung'u Rachael Njeri , Kamau Gabriel Ndung’u , Mariga Geoffrey Wambugu
Published: January 2021

Recommender systems have taken over user’s choice to choose the items/services they want from online markets, where lots of merchandise is traded. Collaborative filtering-based recommender systems uses user opinions and preferences. Determination of commonly used attributes that influence preferences used for prediction and subsequent recommendation of unknown or new items to users is a significant objective while developing recommender engines.  In conventional systems, study of user behavior to know their dis/like over items would be carried-out. In this paper, presents feature selection methods to mine such preferences through selection of high influencing attributes of the items. In machine learning, feature selection is used as a data pre-processing method but extended its use on this work to achieve two objectives; removal of redundant, uninformative features and for selecting formative, relevant features based on the response variable. The latter objective, was suggested to identify and determine the frequent and shared features that would be preferred mostly by marketplace online users as they express their preferences. The dataset used for experimentation and determination was synthetic dataset.  The Jupyter Notebook™ using python was used to run the experiments. Results showed that given a number of formative features, there were those selected, with high influence to the response variable. Evidence showed that different feature selection methods resulted with different feature scores, and intrinsic method had the best overall results with 85% model accuracy. Selected features were used as frequently preferred attributes that influence users’ preferences.
Prácticas universitarias: una perspectiva integral
Authors: Oldani Karina , Cecotti Martina , Hanlon Leandra
Published: February 2021

A partir de la experiencia transitada en el Seminario de la Especialización en docencia universitaria “Políticas de articulación, docencia, investigación, extensión y transferencia”,  reflexionamos acerca de  obstáculos o límites que se presentan en el camino hacia una dinámica de formación con perspectiva integral en nuestras universidades. Proponemos  un Taller donde los conocimientos prácticos, académicos  y extra-académicos puedan integrarse en el análisis y búsqueda de soluciones a problemas reales. Este espacio sería posible de ser incorporado en el currículum de cualquier carrera universitaria, encuadrado en aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP), donde los estudiantes se enfrentan al problema antes de un determinado aprendizaje: es decir, el problema guía al aprendizaje. Imaginamos un contraste con aquella situación inicial desde la cual los imaginarios o supuestos acerca de las capacidades individuales excluyentes o incumbencias exclusivas de cada campo disciplinar, podría redefinirse y orientarse hacia una visión más amplia e integradora de los saberes específicos, y contribuir con un aprendizaje cooperativo o cooperado  que refuerce su vínculo de pertenencia tanto con la comunidad académica de un sistema educativo efectivamente público y democrático, como con la sociedad con la cual interactúen solidariamente, en pos de una sociedad plural y democrática.
Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Evaluation of Phyto-synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Palmyra Palm Sprout Extract
Authors: Danbature Wilson Lamayi , Shehu Zaccheus , Adam Muhammad Mustapha , Bello Ahmed Mohammed
Published: February 2021

One of the objectives of nanotechnology is to synthesize effective nanoinsecticides in a bid to reduce the prevalence of the numerous diseases caused by mosquitoes. This synthesis is even more vital in cases where phytochemicals from plants extracts are used as reducing agents. In this study, phytochemical screening of aqueous sprout extract of Palmyra palm (Borassus aethiopum) was performed, in accordance with some established methods and the results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, glycosides, tannins, phenols as well as quinines, however, sterols, steroids and terpenoids were not detected. Subsequently, the sprout extract was used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Characterization with Fourier transform infrared and Ultraviolet-visible spectrometry was then carried out to confirm the synthesis. In addition, the AgNPs were further analyzed for larvicidal potency against 1st, 2nd 3rd and 4th instars Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae, at interval concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 25 and 50 ppm. The LC50 and LC90 values discovered to be 9.103 ppm and 134.463 ppm with a correlation of 0.815, as well as 10.316 ppm and 118.810 ppm with a correlation of 0.801, for the 1st and 2nd instars, respectively. Meanwhile, the 3rd and 4th instars had LC50 and LC90 values of 17.585 ppm and 179.052 ppm, respectively, with a correlation of 0.807. This study provides a basis for extracting and analyzing the reduction potential of the phytochemicals present in the sprout extract, as well as the application of AgNPs, in controlling mosquito larvae population.
fogo, os fornos de terra e a elevação dos cerritos da bacia da Lagoa Mirim
Authors: Bracco Boksar Roberto , Duarte Christopher , Gutiérrez Ofelia , Panario Daniel
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo são apresentadas evidências que nos levaram a propor que os cerritos da região India Muerta - Paso Barranca, ao sul da bacia da Lagoa Mirim, originaram-se, principalmente, como consequência do uso recursivo do espaço para fazer fornos de terra, analogamente aos oven mounds australianos. Tendo isso em vista, discutimos neste estudo: 1) as características e o registro arqueológico de fornos de terra; 2) a viabilidade da produção de cerritos; 3) os recursos vegetais potenciais que, em conjunto com outros, teriam sido processados neles; e 4) as circunstâncias que levariam à aquisição desta tecnologia fornos de terra. Para concluir, revisamos as evidências que sustentam a hipótese proposta aqui e o escopo da analogia juntamente com a mudança de perspectiva gerada pela percepção dos cerritos vistos como uma consequência do acúmulo secular de detritos causados pelo comportamento cotidiano.
De imagens e gentes-rocha
Authors: Pellini José Roberto
Published: January 2021

Em contraposição aos modelos representacionistas, presentes na Arqueologia, proponho abordar as imagens presentes nos sítios Céu Estrelado e Família, localizados em Canindé do São Francisco, Sergipe, a partir de um entendimento relacional do mundo, em que as categorias de seres não são preestabelecidas e sim fluidas, como resultado de cortes agenciais em processos de intra-ação. Dentro desse contexto, tentemos realizar um exercício interpretativo e imaginar, por exemplo, que as imagens representam não figuras bidimensionais estáticas, ou representações simbólicas, mas seres não-humanos sencientes, algo que poderíamos chamar de gentes-rocha. Muito mais que verdades, este artigo propõe um exercício e uma provocação.
Por uma arqueologia cética
Authors: Da-Gloria Pedro
Published: January 2021

O livro “Por uma arqueologia cética: Ontologia, epistemologia, teoria e prática da mais interdisciplinar das disciplinas”, escrito por Astolfo Araujo, busca contemplar os princípios teóricos e práticos da arqueologia e sua relação com outras áreas do conhecimento, através de  uma escrita crítica, reflexiva e argumentativa sobre importantes tópicos do fazer arqueológico, trazendo visões contundentes e, em alguns trechos, carregadas de experiência pessoal do autor. O texto é voltado a um público de profissionais da arqueologia, mas é suficientemente claro e acessível a um público acadêmico mais amplo. O autor dialoga intensamente com a filosofia da ciência, biologia evolutiva e geologia, adotando uma ontologia materialista e uma perspectiva histórica e científica da arqueologia. Ainda, essa obra traz à tona uma vertente teórica chamada arqueologia evolutiva, que tem sido pouco trabalhada em contexto nacional. O livro é dividido em cinco capítulos e uma conclusão.
Atualizando os olhares
Authors: Peixoto Luciana , Oliveira Tamara
Published: January 2021

No ano de 2020, o Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Antropologia e Arqueologia/LEPAARQ, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, está completando exatos vinte anos de existência. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é entregar ao público um breve histórico referente ao seu processo de consolidação, ao longo dos últimos anos, por meio de uma perspectiva técnica adotada para a gestão de acervos arqueológicos na instituição. Queremos, ainda, compartilhar com a comunidade acadêmica e a sociedade em geral as dificuldades e os êxitos até aqui alcançados. Para isso, buscamos explicitar alguns desses processos, a fim de fortalecer a rede de pesquisa em gestão de acervos arqueológicos, a partir de nosso relato e compartilhamento de experiências.
chegada da Antártica
Authors: Radicchi Gerusa de Alkmim , Oliveira Amanda Brabo de , Vieira Campos Jéssica Catharine , Faria Vitória Moisés
Published: January 2021

A conservação no Laboratório de Estudos Antárticos em Ciências Humanas da UFMG está dividida em dois grupos de atividades, as realizadas in situ e as realizadas no laboratório. Durante os campos de escavação na Antártica, aplicamos intervenções curativas e preventivas com o objetivo de mitigar os fatores de degradação atuantes durante o resgate e no traslado ao Brasil. Após a chegada do material escavado no LEACH, as atividades de conservação seguem por meio da documentação científica e do acondicionamento. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento das atividades de conservação durante a recepção do material arqueológico e discute alguns princípios teóricos e metodológicos relacionados à tomada de decisão. Tais medidas são fundamentais para a incorporação do novo acervo no laboratório.
Geotechnical Characteristics of Subsoil for Different Sectors of Islamabad
Authors: Din Moeen-ul , Ali Jamal , Khan Abdul Qudoos , Sami Farjad
Published: January 2021

Geotechnical site investigations are essential in determining subsoil stratigraphy and soil strength and is considered mandatory for design of foundations.  This study presents the generalized profiles for subsurface stratigraphy and insitu soil strength (average SPT N values) for different sectors of Islamabad on the basis of wide-ranging experimental work carried out by several agencies in fieldand laboratory testing carried out at the number of locations in the study area. Data from 208 geotechnical site investigations of Islamabad have been collected and subsurface profiling for those sectors is carried out that had more than four data points. The experimental data of the study area has shown potential for development of profile map for 11 different sectors of Islamabad using data of 144 geotechnical site investigations. Generalized soil profile and average SPT N values for each sector have been generated to a depth of 7m which is considered sufficient for lightly loaded structures with shallow foundations. Average SPT N value profile coupled with soil stratigraphy for each zone is established that can used to determine shear strength parameters and bearing capacity of soil using SPT based empirical correlations. The generalized soil profiles will be helpful during feasibility study and planning geotechnical site investigations for mega projects and can also be used to determine engineering properties of subsoil for small scale projects.
On the Effect of γ-phase transformation kinetics upon microstructure response of Cold Heading Quality Steel
Authors: Abro Shahid Hussain , Hanif Muhammad Sohail , Hussain Fayaz
Published: January 2021

Cold heading quality CHQ steel is a versatile form over other steels as they are used non-heat treated; their strengthening mechanism is achieved through cold heading operations. Metal is therefore stretched without applying any source of heat, metal flow during the cold heading operation must depend on grains flow which increases the mechanical properties such as strength, resistance to indentation and toughness. It is therefore necessary to form the isotropic grains before applying cold heading operation may increase the properties. Gamma phase formation during the heat treatment is crucial factor for cold operation. An effort is made in this research work to study and find out the Austenite nucleation and growth morphology of commercial CHQ steel through continuous heating experiments by utilizing lead-bath up-quenching technique at differentaustenizing temperature ranges. High class Optical Microscope Olympus GX51, scanning electron microscopy techniques have been utilized to reveal and interpret the microstructure and it was found that At the 740°C, the microstructure shows the lack of homogeneity in the structure hence cold-head-ability of CHQ steel is anisotropic but at the high temperature in austenite domain at 60sec the resultant austenite is highly homogenous due to high volume fraction of austenite has been formed then the cold-head-ability properties of CHQ steel turned to be isotropic. Keywords: Up-quenching, cold heading steel, gamma transformation, heating rate etc.
Potential Impact of Computational Techniques to Express the Solid Dynamics in (Gas-Liquid-Solid) Multiphase Reactors
Authors: Suri Saadat Ullah Khan
Published: January 2021

The computational fluid dynamics codes play a paramount role by demonstrating the system dynamics. The solid dynamics in a multiphase reactor can be analysed from (Chaos, Fractures, Clustering Discrete Element and Eulerian-Langrangian) simulation methods. The Chaos analysis is studied from pressure variation and time series. It includes the characterization of the flow region and their transition. The correlation dimension from the gas phase will describe the scale behaviour in the Chaos analysis. An effective flow model with definite investigation is obtained from this analysis. The flow regimes will be characterized by the structures variation. The volume of fluid and continuum surface force models elaborate on the fluidized bed bubble dynamics in the reactor. The bubbles formation and gasification process of (Fuel gas) are studied from parameters by including (Minimum fluidization velocity, Gas surface tension, Gas viscosity and Density). The results demonstrate the parameters which are influenced by (Particle density and Size). The investigation in time series signals for the biomass gasification process will be demonstrated from the fluidized bed hydrodynamics and system basics. The solid dynamics has been investigated by indicating a novel bubbling in biomass (Wood) in the gasification process time signals. The indication of complex signals in solid dynamics can be obtained from it simultaneously.
Impact of urbanization on water resources of Pakistan: A review
Authors: Khan Mehreen
Published: January 2021

This paper summarizes the various dimensions and impacts of urbanization on Pakistan’s water resources in order to provide foundations for future water policy that will lead towards country’s socio-economic development. Urbanization is considered as a major trend of 21st century in many developing countries. Along with urbanization, increase in population growth in recent years has put a pressure on the world’s water resources in terms of water demand and pollution. Various issues related to water sector in urban areas of Pakistan have been identified including contamination of surface and ground water resources through industrial, agricultural and domestic discharge of waste and waste water, increasing floods, loss of wetlands and aquatic biodiversity, sea water intrusion and subsidence, physical reduction in water resources quantity and quality and operational and managerial incapacities. There are some other issues like unequal water distribution which together with population burden, rapid urbanization and growing industrialization are posing a huge challenge for Pakistan’s water management in 21st century. Taken together all the studies, this review suggests that to reduce vulnerability to water resources of Pakistan, there is a need for new systems of urban planning and governance institutions as the core of Pakistan’s water crisis is water management.
Contributory Factors of Traffic Accidents in Lahore Using Generalized Linear Models (GLM)
Authors: Slam Hajra , Mahmood Yasar
Published: January 2021

The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and limitations with objectives to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. The present study aims to explore geometric design and other factors which cause of accidents in Lahore. Data is collected from TEPA (Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency), NESPAK (National Engineering Services Pakistan), CTP (City Traffic Police) and Rescue 1122 over a period of 3 years. Two phase sampling technique has been used. Data is carried out about demographic information, physical characteristics and geometric design of roads. All registered 356 traffic accidents have been used on Ferozpur Road, Multan Road, Canal Bank Road and Grand Trunk in Lahore. Poisson regression and negative binomial regression are discussed in this research. SPSS and R Language are used for analysis. The results show that most of accidents occur at office off timing and fatal due to reckless driving and over speeding. Mostly, cars and tralala hit the bikes and Pedestrians. The Poisson regression model gives good description of number of accidents depends on various explanatory variables. Number of lanes, type of locations and roadway light are statistically significant. Narrow Shoulder width (m), Median Width (m) and Lane width (m) increase accident occurrence. Three lanes and larger road structures increase accidents. Numbers of accident increase when Roadway, type of locations, roadway light and traffic control signals decrease.
Performance Analysis of Email Classifiers for Detection of Spam
Authors: Masood Zahra
Published: January 2021

Growing usage of email has also increased size of email data, this data involves important as well as undesirable emails. Amount of unwanted emails(spam) has increased enormously. Blocking spam sources doesn’t works well in this era. For saving resources its vital to separate spam and essential emails(ham). Email servers are prepared to tackle this situation. Problem is handled by different algorithms that automate the system instead of manually separating emails. Our work addresses the selection of algorithm, whose outcome will precisely allocate labels to emails and will be efficient enough to give results in adequate time. So, that emails can be classified correctly into inbox and spam folders in adequate time by email server. Three different machine learning classifiers are analyzed over a dataset, providing a criterion that will categorize them according to their time, precision, recall and accuracy.
Theoretical Investigations on Entropy Generation and Work Lost Analysis of 4MW Rice Husk Fired Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Mukhtar Ahmad , Qazi M. Omar , Shafiq Umar , Badr Khan M. Ahsan
Published: January 2021

Global survival and human comfort in now a day strongly depend upon energy and environment. In this research generalized thermodynamic model equations were subjected to 4MW rice husk fired thermal power plant in Pakistan for theoretical investigations on work lost and entropy generation to check the plant thermal performance and irreversibility’s and concluded that the entropy generation and work lost is highest in Furnace/Boiler that is 3487.12352 KWK-1 and 1039.685 ×103 respectively. The work lost in Furnace/Boiler is about 32.4641% while the overall efficiency of the power plant is 59.8917%.
Two-parameter mechanistic model for the fatigue crack growth of metals
Authors: Zada Tawqeer
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a two-parameter mechanistic model for the fatigue crack growth has been developed. Fatigue failure is the major causes of mechanical structural failure. The fatigue failure progress in three stages crack initiation, crack growth and final failure. The fatigue crack growth has been modelled by different approaches, however these approaches are generally empirical. In this paper, a mechanistic fatigue crack growth model is proposed. The striation and its relation to the cyclic load is used for the model development. Scanning electronic microscope results are used to establish relation between striation and crack growth. The developed model is two-parameters. The model has been implemented and validated using experimental data from the literature. The model prediction is satisfactory in region II of the crack growth curve. However, in region I and region III the model deviates from experimental data. It is suggested to incorporate interaction of monotonic and cyclic loading in the mechanistic modelling for the fatigue growth.
Association of GRIN2A (rs387906637) Gene Polymorphism with Epilepsy Susceptibility
Authors: Jawad Hameedi Akram , Mohammed Saud Asmaa
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism and susceptibility to epilepsy. Blood samples were collected from 85 volunteers, dividing into 60 epilepsy patients (34 males and 26 females) and 25 healthy subjects (19 males and 6 females).The DNA was extracted and GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism was analyzed by Real-time PCR using two probes and primers. The results showed no significant differences between patients and control samples; therefore, there are no allelic and genotypic correlations of this SNP with epilepsy. This study indicated that GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism is not a risk factor for epilepsy in the studied set of patients.
Irradiation Effects on The Sensitivity of ZnO Thin Films Synthesized on Glass Substrate by Sol-gel Method
Authors: Kasim Yasir Yahya , Ali Ghazwan Ghazi , Younus Marwan Hafeedh
Published: January 2021

This work investigates the structural, optical, and surface properties of ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel method. The effect on waveguide sensor was examined at different irradiation durations of alpha particles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the crystalline phase of ZnO thin films does not change after irradiation and showed a hexagonal structure of wurtzite type with an orientation toward (002). Moreover, ZnO thin films absorbance was increased with increasing irradiation time, whereas the transmittance was decreased. Additionally, increasing the irradiation time of alpha particles caused an increase in the extinction coefficient and the imaginary part,  while the optical energy gap of the ZnO samples was decreased. Finally, the maximum value of sensitivity was 42%, found at 6 min of irradiation duration.
Signature of Plasmonic Nanostructures Synthesised by Electrical Exploding Wire Technique on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Hamzah Fouad G. , Mahmood Hammed R
Published: January 2021

This work aims to fabricate two types of plasmonic nanostructures by electrical exploding wire (EEW) technique and study the effects of the different morphologies of these nanostructures on the absorption spectra and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) activities, using Rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule. The structural properties of these nanostructures were examined using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological properties were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The absorption spectra of the mixed R6G laser dye (concentration 1Ã—10-6 M) with prepared nanostructures were examined by double beam UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The Raman spectra of the R6G mixed with the prepared nanostructures were examined using a Horiba HR Evolution 800 Raman microscope system with an objective lens (50 Ã—). The FESEM and STEM images indicated that the Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) with 35 nm average particle sizes were decorated on the surface of the AgNWs and the PDA layer by EEW technique, forming AgNW@AgNPs and AgNW@PDA@AgNPs nanostructures. The results indicated that the increased intensities of the absorption spectra peaks and the SERS arise from the hot spots and the roughness of the surface of nanostructures. The SERS enhancement factor of R6G (1Ã—10-6 M) was reached at 2.3Ã—107 and 2.5Ã—107, at the wave number of 1650 cm-1, for the AgNW@AgNPs and AgNW@PDA@AgNPs nanostructures, respectively, after being excited by (Î»exc. = 532 nm) laser source. It can be concluded that the AgNW@AgNPs and AgNW@PDA@AgNPs nanostructures were fabricated with an easy and simple way without the need for additional chemical compounds. These nanostructures attained a reliable and sensitive detection and can be utilized in a variety of SERS applications, such as chemical and biological sensors.
Street Children Phenomenon in Makassar City : A Criminological Analysis
Authors: Mappaselleng Nur Fadhilah
Published: January 2021

The presence of children who live on the streets has caused concern in various cities in Indonesia, especially Makassar, South Sulawesi. Lack of education, decent life, and government attention trigger street children to do unlawful acts, such as drugs and drinking. From a criminological perspective, the phenomenon of street children can be explained using the social learning theory. Social learning theory is a convergence between differential association theory with general behavioural principles, which in this theory explains that criminal behaviour can be obtained from environmental influences. There is a reciprocal interaction that directs a person’s behaviour. This study aims to determine the description of street children’s existence in the city of Makassar, analyse the factors that cause the phenomenon of street children, and determine the prevention of street children. The research method uses a type of qualitative research sourced from the various scientific literature. This study indicates that the phenomenon of street children is a warning signalling the need for social development and poverty eradication policies to improve the situation on the broader community and prevent more young people from becoming marginalised. Every child must be protected according to United Nations Children’s Fund and also has been regulated in Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2008 concerning the Development of Street Children, Homeless, Beggars and Buskers in Makassar City
The Legal Reform of Venture Capital Financing Institutions As a Financing Alternative for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Setiady Tri
Published: January 2021

So far, the role of venture capital has not been optimal, or it can be said that while it is not working. In practice, in Indonesia, venture capital companies carry out their business like banking. That until now, in general, venture capital companies practice more as credit providers as the usual practice of providing bank loans. All requirements and conditions requested for a business partner company (actually: a debtor) are like a bank in giving credit. Therefore a legal reform of venture capital financing institutions is needed to optimize financing for micro, small, and medium enterprises to realize national development.