bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic prediction of advanced histology in diminutive and small colorectal polyps
Authors: Iwai Tomohiro , Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi , Ito Sayo , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Kawata Noboru , Tanaka Masaki , Kakushima Naomi , Takizawa Kohei , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: August 2018

Background and Aim

Most polyps detected during colonoscopies are diminutive or small, and they rarely have advanced histology. Real‐time prediction of advanced histology would help clinicians to assess the need for pathological evaluation. Here, we investigated endoscopic predictors of advanced histology in diminutive and small polyps.

Methods

Consecutive patients with adenomatous polyps (<10 mm) removed endoscopically from January 2013 to December 2014 at a single tertiary cancer center were eligible for inclusion. Two endoscopists reviewed all endoscopic images to identify significant findings associated with advanced histology using multivariate models. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of the identified endoscopic predictors for advanced histology were calculated.

Results

Of 6170 polyps (4746 diminutive) removed from 2611 patients, 320 (5.2%) showed advanced histology, including five submucosal invasive cancers. In multivariate analysis, advanced histology was significantly associated with the following: loss of lobulation (odds ratio [OR] 61.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 19.1–199.0); heterogeneity in mucosal patterns (OR 29.0; 95% CI: 14.6–57.3); non‐polypoid growth (OR 15.7; 95% CI: 4.4–55.5); white spots (OR 13.5; 95% CI: 7.8–23.5); and surface redness (OR 6.6; 95% CI: 3.0–14.5); and irregular capillary pattern (OR 4.8; 95% CI: 2.5–9.1). These significant predictors successfully predicted all submucosal invasive cancers as advanced histology. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were 37.2%, 97.8%, and 96.6%.

Conclusions

We identified six endoscopic predictors for advanced histology in diminutive or small colon polyps. Diminutive and small polyps lacking these predictors would not be considered to have advanced histology.
The political sustainability of a basic income scheme and social health insurance
Authors: Kifmann Mathias , Roeder Kerstin
Published: August 2018

This paper studies within a two‐stage framework the political economy of a basic income (BI) and social health insurance (SHI) scheme. At the constitutional stage, individuals decide whether these schemes are implemented behind a veil of ignorance about their future income and risk type. This decision is made in anticipation of the outcome at the second stage in which individuals vote on the payroll tax to finance a BI and the contribution rate of a SHI scheme provided these schemes have been implemented. Depending on the amount of healthcare expenditure and the inequalities in income and risk, only a social health insurance scheme is implemented at the constitutional stage.
Lipophilicity and hydrophobicity considerations in bio-enabling oral formulations approaches – a PEARRL review
Authors: Ditzinger Felix , Price Daniel J , Ilie Alexandra-Roxana , Köhl Niklas J , Jankovic Sandra , Tsakiridou Georgia , Aleandri Simone , Kalantzi Lida , Holm René , Nair Anita , Saal Christoph , Griffin Brendan , Kuentz Martin
Published: August 2018

Objectives

This review highlights aspects of drug hydrophobicity and lipophilicity as determinants of different oral formulation approaches with specific focus on enabling formulation technologies. An overview is provided on appropriate formulation selection by focussing on the physicochemical properties of the drug.

Key findings

Crystal lattice energy and the octanol–water partitioning behaviour of a poorly soluble drug are conventionally viewed as characteristics of hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, which matter particularly for any dissolution process during manufacturing and regarding drug release in the gastrointestinal tract. Different oral formulation strategies are discussed in the present review, including lipid-based delivery, amorphous solid dispersions, mesoporous silica, nanosuspensions and cyclodextrin formulations.

Current literature suggests that selection of formulation approaches in pharmaceutics is still highly dependent on the availability of technological expertise in a company or research group. Encouraging is that, recent advancements point to more structured and scientifically based development approaches. More research is still needed to better link physicochemical drug properties to pharmaceutical formulation design.
Joy of life in nursing homes: A qualitative study of what constitutes the essence of Joy of life in elderly individuals living in Norwegian nursing homes
Authors: Rinnan Eva , André Beate , Drageset Jorunn , Garåsen Helge , Espnes Geir Arild , Haugan Gørill
Published: August 2018

Background

Finding new approaches to increase positive health and well‐being of elderly individuals living in nursing homes (NH) is highly warranted. Several Norwegian municipalities have implemented the certification scheme framed ‘Joy of Life Nursing Home’ (JOLNH). JOLNH is based on a health‐promoting perspective directing elderly individuals’ resources. Through health promotion, preventive and social activities across generations, NH care promotes respect, well‐being, health and cultural experiences among elderly individuals.

Aims

The aims of this study were to explore the phenomenon of Joy of life (JOL) among elderly individuals living in NHs and to provide a deeper understanding of which dimensions constitute JOL in this population.

Methods

The present study explored the JOL phenomenon using qualitative methodology. Data were collected between December 2015 and May 2016 by individual qualitative research interviews of 29 elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria. The informants were living in ten different NHs in two large municipalities in Norway. Prior approval was obtained from all regulatory institutions dealing with research issues and the management in both municipalities.

Results

The results showed that (i) positive relations, (ii) a sense of belonging, (iii) sources of meaning, (iv) moments of feeling well, and (v) acceptance constituted the conceptualisation of the JOL phenomenon.

Conclusion

The dimensions constituting the JOL concept correspond to the concepts of well‐being and flourishing. Knowledge of the JOL phenomenon may help professionals to target elderly individuals’ health and well‐being more precisely and thereby increase flourishing, JOL and well‐being among them.
Presence: the cornerstone of spiritual needs among hospitalised patients
Authors: Hosseini Fahimeh Alsadat , Momennasab Marzieh , Yektatalab Shahrzad , Zareiyan Armin
Published: August 2018

Background

An important part of the spiritual needs of patients is ‘presence’. The increased demand for holistic care has led to increased attention on ‘presence’ and its quality.

Aims and objective

Given the importance of understanding the phenomenon of presence in order to promote the spirituality dimension among hospitalised patients, this study aimed to describe the lived experience of hospitalised patients in the context of presence.

Research methods

This was a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study carried out on 12 admitted patients in general hospital settings. The data were collected through individual and semi‐structured interviews. The Colaizzi method was used for analysing and interpreting the data, while the criteria of the Guba and Lincoln method were used to ensure the trustworthiness of these data.

Results

The experience of hospitalised patients concerning ‘presence’ appeared in the form of three main themes: ‘multidimensional connection’, ‘receiving support’ and ‘dignity’. During hospitalisation, patients need to experience effective connection with the transcendent and individuals, and receive various types of comprehensive support, such that their and others’ dignity is preserved. Patients considered that ‘presence’ was beyond ‘being’ and able to provide them with comfort.

Conclusions

Patients’ need is very important in the field of presence. In the social and religious context of Iran, in which both supernatural and human aspects of presence are emphasised, it seems that healthcare teams, health authorities and policymakers must provide an appropriate supportive environment in terms of providing a healing presence in its different dimensions.
The significance of patient participation in nursing care – a concept analysis
Authors: Nilsson Madeleine , From Ingrid , Lindwall Lillemor
Published: August 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to report on a concept analysis of the meaning of patients’ participation. Participation is commonplace in many areas of health care and has become an important issue in healthcare services. Participation is essential when giving nursing care. Challenges exist throughout clinical practice to make the patient a participant in their own care. The study had a caring science perspective.

Method

A literature study based on Walker and Avant's method was used with eight steps. Data were collected using several databases covering the years 1995–2017. The analysis covered fifteen articles, dissertations, reports and textbooks.

Findings

Patients’ participation may be defined as a concept that relates to and includes the three caring science concepts: learning, caring relationship and reciprocity (defining attributes).

Conclusion

Participation is a concept with vague meaning that is prevalent in nursing practice. Patients’ participation is a complex concept. By using the attributes, it could be more visible in nursing care. The next question for research in this area is how these three attributes can best practically be achieved in a clinical context.
Moral messages in a new book about the eminent enlightener Nestor Markov
Authors: Mladenova Maria
Published: August 2018

Before sharing my impressions of the valuable book by Maria Lovdzhieva,В  I would В like to recall who Nestor Markov was,В  because I believe that his name is unknown to young audiences and even to many intellectuals. He is partially forgotten, although he is one of the key figures of the Bulgarian National Revival.Nestor Markov occupies a merited place among eminent Bulgarians. He was a teacher and reformer, author of manuals and noted lexicographer, whose work was recognized В by the award of the Order of Merit by the French Republic for contributions to French culture. Generations of francophones have learned the language with the help of his Bulgarian-French and French-Bulgarian dictionaries.В  ...
A new larval Allothrombium from Sicily, Italy (Trombidiformes: Trombidiidae: Allothrombiinae)
Authors: Haitlinger Ryszard , Šundić Miloje
Published: August 2018

Allothrombium arancianum sp. nov. with reduced inner claw of tarsus III and two setae on coxa II is described and illustrated from larvae collected from herbaceous plants in Sicily. A key to world species of Allothrombium (larva) is presented.
Aspirational pursuit of mates in online dating markets
Authors: Bruch Elizabeth E. , Newman M. E. J.
Published: August 2018

We present an empirical analysis of heterosexual dating markets in four U.S. cities using data from a popular online dating service.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Diseases Caused by Mixed Infection with Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium abscessus Complex
Authors: Shin Sun Hye , Jhun Byung Woo , Kim Su-Young , Choe Junsu , Jeon Kyeongman , Huh Hee Jae , Ki Chang-Seok , Lee Nam Yong , Shin Sung Jae , Daley Charles L. , Koh Won-Jung
Published: August 2018

Mycobacterium avium
complex (MAC) and
M. abscessus
complex (MABC) comprise the two most important human pathogen groups causing nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). However, there are limited data regarding NTM-LD caused by mixed NTM infections.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ATCC 39048, a Carbapenem-Producing Phytopathogen
Authors: Monson Rita E. , Jones Katherine , Salmond George P. C.
Published: August 2018

Pectobacterium carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
ATCC 39048 was originally isolated in the 1980s and studied because it produced the β-lactam antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Streptomycete Isolated from Potato Common Scab Lesions in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Alejo-Viderique Amanda , Contreras-Castro Luis , Félix-Gastélum Rubén , Maldonado Luis A. , Quintana Erika T.
Published: August 2018

Streptomyces
sp. strain V2 was isolated from potato scab lesions in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, and appears to be responsible for outbreaks in the area.
Physical tidepool characteristics affect age- and size-class distributions and site fidelity in tidepool sculpin (Oligocottus maculosus)
Authors: Smith S.J. , Harder L.D. , Meschkat C.A. , Rogers S.M.
Published: August 2018

Rapidly changing environments pose unique challenges to the resident organisms. Tidepools in coastal environments vary in biophysical characteristics spatially and temporally, and how they vary determines their short- and long-term suitability as habitats and therefore influence on the distributions of tidepool organisms. Biophysical effects on distribution could differ between age classes, depending on their intrinsic ontogenetic requirements and dominance relations. In this study, we investigate the influence of physical pool characteristics on the site fidelity and population distribution of tidepool sculpin (Oligocottus maculosus Girard, 1856). We assessed short-term recapture of marked individuals and size-class distribution among four pool sets. The proportion of adults varied between pools primarily in association with water temperature and pool volume. Smaller adult and larger juvenile fish occupied warmer, small-volume pools, whereas larger adults occupied larger, cooler pools. Between 24% and 56% of marked fish were recaptured, with a higher probability of recapture in pools with “smooth” basins than in those with more rugose basins. Few fish moved among study pools, but the proportion of adults declined with repeated sampling, suggesting greater pool fidelity of juveniles. These results illustrate that intrinsic habitat features influence age- and size-class distributions in a resident tidepool sculpin species, with corresponding consequences for site fidelity.
Chromatic variability and sexual dimorphism in the rocky lizardPhymaturus verdugo
Authors: Corbalán V. , Vicenzi N. , Moreno Azócar D.L. , Literas S.
Published: August 2018

The genus Phymaturus comprises lizards that inhabit cold environments at high altitudes or latitudes. Phymaturus verdugo Cei and Videla, 2003 is characterized by cephalic melanism, which is interpreted as a character present only in males and associated with sexual dimorphism. Using spectrophotometry and photography, we demonstrate that this species has high chromatic variability and that melanism is also present in females. By comparing colour variables on 15 patches of the body, we find significant differences between sexes in all patches, indicating strong sexual dichromatism for the entire body, not only the cephalic region. Body temperature had no effect on skin reflectance or melanism, which indicates that thermoregulation early in the day is not mediated by colour changes. Contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence of better body condition in darker individuals. Our study breaks some paradigms about the genus Phymaturus and suggests that human perception of colour, as well as working with small samples, can lead to misidentification or erroneous descriptions of species. We believe that future studies should explore heating rates and other functions of melanism such as crypsis, sexual selection, immune response, and UV protection to understand chromatic variability within this genus.
Chemical properties of significant Asian Dust particles observed at Himeji City from November 2009 to May 2012
Authors: Saitoh Katsumi , Nakatsubo Ryouhei , Hiraki Takatoshi , Shima Masayuki , Yoda Yoshiko , Sera Koichiro
Published: August 2018

In order to shed light on Asian Dust (AD) particles reaching the Japanese archipelago, we measured hourly PM[Formula: see text] and PM[Formula: see text] values by consecutive automatic monitoring during particulate matter (PM) surveillance conducted from 16 November 2009 to 14 May 2012 in Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, and investigated the characteristics of AD based on elemental and ionic analytical data from size-resolved PM with a one-week base sampling interval. We were able to detect three types of AD event based on the PM[Formula: see text] and PM[Formula: see text] values and the results of three-day backward trajectory analysis. The origin point of the AD events was the Gobi Desert for Event 1 and the Loess Plateau for Event 3. In the case of Event 2, AD originated in the northern Urals in Russia and reached the Japanese archipelago via the side of the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts and through the Loess Plateau. As results of the research, it suggest that the chemical composition of AD event particles differs depending on the origin point and the course taken before reaching the Japanese archipelago.
Population system with coupling between non-Gaussian and Gaussian colored noise under Allee effect
Authors: Yang Yachao , Li Dongxi
Published: August 2018

We investigate a stochastic model for single species population growth with strong and weak Allee effects subjected to coupling between non-Gaussian and Gaussian colored noise as well as nonzero cross-correlation in between. Stationary probability distribution of population model is obtained depending on the Fokker–Planck equation. The mean first-passage time is also calculated in order to quantify the time of transition between survival state and extinction state with Allee effect in population. The intensity of non-Gaussian colored noise can induce phase transition, and population may be vulnerable to extinction due to the increase in the intensity of non-Gaussian colored noise. Whether Allee effect is strong or weak, the increase in Allee threshold will not contribute to the survival and stability of the population. Further, the phenomenon of resonant activation is firstly discovered in the study of population dynamics with Allee effect. These behaviors can be interpreted on the basis of a biological model of population evolution.
Developments in American Archaeology: Fifty Years of the National Historic Preservation Act
Authors: McManamon Francis P.
Published: August 2018

Since its enactment over five decades ago, the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the organizations, policies, and regulations implementing it have strongly influenced how archaeology is conducted in the United States. The NHPA created a national network of archaeologists in government agencies. This network reviews the possible impact on important archaeological resources of tens of thousands of public projects planned each year. These reviews often include investigations, of which there have been millions. The archaeological profession has shifted from one oriented mainly on academic research and teaching to one focused on field investigations, planning, resource management, public outreach, and resource protection, bundled under the term cultural resource management (CRM). Since 1966, growth has produced good outcomes as well as some troubling developments. Current and new challenges include avoiding lock-step, overly bureaucratic procedures and finding the financial, professional, and technical resources, as well as political support, to build on the achievements so far.
Unconventional Ways to Live and Die: Cell Death and Survival in Development, Homeostasis, and Disease
Authors: Gudipaty Swapna A. , Conner Christopher M. , Rosenblatt Jody , Montell Denise J.
Published: August 2018

Balancing cell death and survival is essential for normal development and homeostasis and for preventing diseases, especially cancer. Conventional cell death pathways include apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death controlled by a well-defined biochemical pathway, and necrosis, the lysis of acutely injured cells. New types of regulated cell death include necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, phagoptosis, and entosis. Autophagy can promote survival or can cause death. Newly described processes of anastasis and resuscitation show that, remarkably, cells can recover from the brink of apoptosis or necroptosis. Important new work shows that epithelia achieve homeostasis by extruding excess cells, which then die by anoikis due to loss of survival signals. This mechanically regulated process both maintains barrier function as cells die and matches rates of proliferation and death. In this review, we describe these unconventional ways in which cells have evolved to die or survive, as well as the contributions that these processes make to homeostasis and cancer.
Changes in Trust after Driving Level 2 Automated Cars
Authors: Walker Francesco , Boelhouwer Anika , Alkim Tom , Verwey Willem B. , Martens Marieke H.
Published: August 2018

Overtrust and undertrust are major issues with partially automated vehicles. Ideally, trust should be calibrated ensuring that drivers’ subjective feelings of safety match the objective reliability of the vehicle. In the present study, we examined if drivers’ trust toward Level 2 cars changed after on-road experience. Drivers’ self-reported trust was assessed three times: before having experience with these vehicles, immediately after driving two types of vehicles, and two weeks after the driving experience. Analysis of the results showed major changes in trust scores after the on-road driving experience. Before experiencing the vehicles, participants tended to overestimate the vehicle capabilities. Afterwards they had a better understanding of vehicles’ limitations, resulting in better calibrated trust.
Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Follicle Regeneration
Authors: Owczarczyk-Saczonek Agnieszka , Krajewska-Włodarczyk Magdalena , Kruszewska Anna , Banasiak Łukasz , Placek Waldemar , Maksymowicz Wojciech , Wojtkiewicz Joanna
Published: August 2018

Alopecia is caused by a variety of factors which affect the hair cycle and decrease stem cell activity and hair follicle regeneration capability. This process causes lower self-acceptance, which may result in depression and anxiety. However, an early onset of androgenic alopecia is associated with an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of the cardiac ischaemic disease. The ubiquity of alopecia provides an encouragement to seek new, more effective therapies aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neoregeneration. We know that stem cells can be used to regenerate hair in several therapeutic strategies: reversing the pathological mechanisms which contribute to hair loss, regeneration of complete hair follicles from their parts, and neogenesis of hair follicles from a stem cell culture with isolated cells or tissue engineering. Hair transplant has become a conventional treatment technique in androgenic alopecia (micrografts). Although an autologous transplant is regarded as the gold standard, its usability is limited, because of both a limited amount of material and a reduced viability of cells obtained in this way. The new therapeutic options are adipose-derived stem cells and stem cells from Wharton’s jelly. They seem an ideal cell population for use in regenerative medicine because of the absence of immunogenic properties and their ease of obtainment, multipotential character, ease of differentiating into various cell lines, and considerable potential for angiogenesis. In this article, we presented advantages and limitations of using these types of cells in alopecia treatment.
Biomechanical Responses and Injury Characteristics of Knee Joints under Longitudinal Impacts of Different Velocities
Authors: Xiong Yan , Zhao Xueliang , Xiang Hongyi , Wang Yunjiao , Liao Zhikang , Zhu Xiyan , Zhao Hui
Published: August 2018

Background and Objective. Knee joint collision injuries occur frequently in military and civilian scenarios, but there are few studies assessing longitudinal impacts on knee joints. In this study, the mechanical responses and damage characteristics of knee longitudinal collisions were investigated by finite element analysis and human knee impact tests. Materials and methods. Based on a biocollision test plateau, longitudinal impact experiments were performed on 4 human knee joints (2 in the left knee and 2 in the right knee) to measure the impact force and stress response of the bone. And then a finite element model of knee joint was established from the Chinese Visible Human (CVH), with which longitudinal impacts to the knee joint were simulated, in which the stress response was determined. The injury response of the knee joint-sustained longitudinal impacts was analyzed from both the experimental model and finite element analysis. Results. The impact experiments and finite element simulation found that low-speed impact mainly led to medial injuries and high-speed impact led to both medial and lateral injuries. In the knee joint impact experiment, the peak flexion angles were 13.8° ± 1.2, 30.2° ± 5.1, and 92.9° ± 5.45 and the angular velocities were 344.2 ± 30.8 rad/s, 1510.8 ± 252.5 rad/s, and 9290 ± 545 rad/s at impact velocities 2.5 km/h, 5 km/h, and 8 km/h, respectively. When the impact velocity was 8 km/h, 1 knee had a femoral condylar fracture and 3 knees had medial tibial plateau fractures or collapse fractures. The finite element simulation of knee joints found that medial cortical bone stress appeared earlier than the lateral peak and that the medial bone stress concentration was more obvious when the knee was longitudinally impacted. Conclusion. Both the experiment and FE model confirmed that the biomechanical characteristics of the injured femur and medial tibia are likely to be damaged in a longitudinal impact, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of longitudinal impact injuries of the knee joint.
Associations of Serum Nitric Oxide with Vitamin D and Other Metabolic Factors in Apparently Healthy Adolescents
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Bukhari Ihtisham , Yakout Sobhy M. , Sabico Shaun , Khattak Malak N. K. , Aziz Ibrahim , Alokail Majed S.
Published: August 2018

Introduction. Nitric oxide (NOx) is an important biomolecule which interacts with other molecules including 25(OH)D to mediate various metabolic pathways. Interactions and associations of NOx with 25(OH)D have been well studied bothin vitroandin vivo, yet associations in apparently healthy adolescents have never been studied.Methods. A total of 740 (245 boys and 495 girls) apparently healthy Saudi adolescents aged 10-17 years were included in this cross-sectional study, to determine the associations of NOx with 25(OH)D and other biomarkers in Saudi adolescents. Serum NOx, 25(OH)D, and other biochemical and anthropometric parameters were measured following standard protocols and manufacturers’ guidelines.Results. NOx level was significantly higher in boys than girls (p<0.001). In all subjects, NOx showed a significant inverse correlation with 25(OH)D. After stratification according to sex however this significant association was observed only in boys and not in girls. NOx was also significantly associated with BMI, serum triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure in all subjects.Conclusion. The significantly inverse association of NOx and 25(OH)D among apparently healthy adolescents is influenced by sex and further strengthens the extraskeletal role of 25(OH)D in maintaining endothelial homeostasis in this age group, particularly in boys. Whether vitamin D correction can influence NOx production over time among adolescents remains to be proven.
Elbow Posterolateral Rotatory Instability due to Cubitus Varus and Overuse
Authors: Patiño Juan Martín , Corna Alejandro Rullan , Michelini Alejandro , Abdon Ignacio , Ramos Vertiz Alejandro José
Published: August 2018

A malunion as a complication of distal humerus fractures has been frequently linked with aesthetic problems but less frequently with posterolateral rotatory instability. We report 2 cases of childhood posttraumatic cubitus varus with subsequent posterolateral rotatory instability and their treatment with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. The etiology of the so-called posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow is mostly traumatic, but iatrogenic causes have also been described such as the treatment of tennis elbow and less frequently and chronically due to overuse and overload because of distal humerus malunion.
On Stability of Nonautonomous Perturbed Semilinear Fractional Differential Systems of Order α∈(1,2)
Authors: Matar Mohammed M. , Abu Skhail Esmail S.
Published: August 2018

We study the Mittag-Leffler and class-K function stability of fractional differential equations with order α∈(1,2). We also investigate the comparison between two systems with Caputo and Riemann-Liouville derivatives. Two examples related to fractional-order Hopfield neural networks with constant external inputs and a marine protected area model are introduced to illustrate the applicability of stability results.
Comparative Study of the Fit Accuracy of Full-Arch Bar Frameworks Fabricated with Different Presintered Cobalt-Chromium Alloys
Authors: Mai Hang-Nga , Kwon Tae-Yub , Hong Min-Ho , Lee Du-Hyeong
Published: August 2018

Purpose. This study was to measure the geometric discrepancies that occur during the sintering contraction of presintered Co-Cr alloys in a full-arch bar framework and to compare the variations between alloys from different manufacturers. Materials and Methods. Eighteen implant-supported full-arch bar frameworks were fabricated through a soft-machining process using presintered Co-Cr alloy blocks: Ceramill Sintron (CS), Soft Metal (SM), and Sintermetall (SML) (n=6 for each group). The sintered frameworks were digitized using a structured light scanner, and the scan images were superimposed on the reference design. The geometric discrepancies of the sintered frameworks were three-dimensionally analyzed for horizontal, angular, and internal discrepancies. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare the discrepancies among the groups (α=.05). Results. Significant differences were found in the geometric discrepancy measurements among the groups. The CS group showed larger horizontal and angular discrepancies, followed by the SM and SML groups (P<.001). The root mean square (RMS) values for internal discrepancy were not statistically different among the groups (P=.778). Conclusion. The geometric discrepancies of full-arch bar frameworks fabricated using the soft-machining process were affected by accuracies in sintering contraction of presintered alloys.
Group Scheduling with General Autonomous and Induced Learning Effect
Authors: Huo Jia-zhen , Ning Lei , Sun Li
Published: August 2018

In recent research, induced learning requires management involvement. The initial investment can be interpreted as induced learning via an investment in the creation of technological knowledge or knowledge transfer. Induced learning has received attention in productivity improvement. In this paper, we consider scheduling problems with autonomous and induced learning under group technology. The jobs’ processing times decrease according to a learning rate which conversely increases the investment cost. The objectives of the scheduling problems are to minimize a linear combination of the makespan and the investment cost and a linear combination of the total completion time and the investment cost. We present polynomial algorithms to determine the optimal job sequence, group sequence, and the percentage reduction of the standard learning rate.
Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Backyard Poultry Farms and Live Bird Markets in Kenya
Authors: Ogali Irene N. , Wamuyu Lucy W. , Lichoti Jacqueline K. , Mungube Erick O. , Agwanda Bernard , Ommeh Sheila C.
Published: August 2018

Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious disease of poultry that causes significant economic losses. Despite rampant ND outbreaks that occur annually in Kenya, the information about the NDV circulating in Kenya is still scarce. We report the first countrywide study of NDV in Kenya. Our study is aimed at evaluating the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses obtained from backyard poultry in farms and live bird markets in different regions of Kenya. We sequenced and analyzed fusion (F) protein gene, including the cleavage site, of the obtained viruses. We aligned and compared study sequences with representative NDV of different genotypes from GenBank. The fusion protein cleavage site of all the study sequences had the motif 112RRQKRFV118 indicating their velogenic nature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV from various sites in Kenya was highly similar genetically and that it clustered together with NDV of genotype V. The study samples were 96% similar to previous Ugandan and Kenyan viruses grouped in subgenotype Vd This study points to possible circulation of NDV of similar genetic characteristics between backyard poultry farms and live bird markets in Kenya. The study also suggests the possible spread of velogenic NDV between Kenya and Uganda possibly through cross-border live bird trade. Our study provides baseline information on the genetic characteristics of NDV circulating in the Kenyan poultry population. This highlights the need for the ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird markets and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would otherwise be more difficult to control.
Activation of Phosphotyrosine-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Cortex and Spinal Cord of SOD1G93A, a Mouse Model of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Mallozzi Cinzia , Spalloni Alida , Longone Patrizia , Domenici Maria Rosaria
Published: August 2018

Degeneration of cortical and spinal motor neurons is the typical feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which a pathogenetic role for the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has been demonstrated. Mice overexpressing a mutated form of the SOD1 gene (SOD1G93A) develop a syndrome that closely resembles the human disease. The SOD1 mutations confer to this enzyme a “gain-of-function,” leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species. Several oxidants induce tyrosine phosphorylation through direct stimulation of kinases and/or phosphatases. In this study, we analyzed the activities of src and fyn tyrosine kinases and of protein tyrosine phosphatases in synaptosomal fractions prepared from the motor cortex and spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing SOD1G93A. We found that (i) protein phosphotyrosine level is increased, (ii) src and fyn activities are upregulated, and (iii) the activity of tyrosine phosphatases, including the striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), is significantly decreased. Moreover, the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B tyrosine phosphorylation was upregulated in SOD1G93A. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GluN2B subunits regulates the NMDAR function and the recruitment of downstream signaling molecules. Indeed, we found that proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and ERK1/2 kinase are upregulated in SOD1G93Amice. These results point out an involvement of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in the pathogenesis of ALS.
Combining LSTM Network Ensemble via Adaptive Weighting for Improved Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Choi Jae Young , Lee Bumshik
Published: August 2018

Time series forecasting is essential for various engineering applications in finance, geology, and information technology, etc. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are nowadays gaining renewed interest and they are replacing many practical implementations of the time series forecasting systems. This paper presents a novel LSTM ensemble forecasting algorithm that effectively combines multiple forecast (prediction) results from a set of individual LSTM networks. The main advantages of our LSTM ensemble method over other state-of-the-art ensemble techniques are summarized as follows: (1) we develop a novel way of dynamically adjusting the combining weights that are used for combining multiple LSTM models to produce the composite prediction output; for this, our method is devised for updating combining weights at each time step in an adaptive and recursive way by using both past prediction errors and forgetting weight factor; (2) our method is capable of well capturing nonlinear statistical properties in the time series, which considerably improves the forecasting accuracy; (3) our method is straightforward to implement and computationally efficient when it comes to runtime performance because it does not require the complex optimization in the process of finding combining weights. Comparative experiments demonstrate that our proposed LSTM ensemble method achieves state-of-the-art forecasting performance on four real-life time series datasets publicly available.
The Nurse Practitioners’ Perspective on Inhaler Education in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Scullion Jane
Published: August 2018

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be debilitating conditions adversely affecting a person’s quality of life. Effective treatments are available, but common errors in the use of inhalers compound the issue of disease control. The beliefs and concerns of a patient can also have an impact on treatment adherence, the consequences of which are diminished disease control and the occurrence of exacerbations. Once a treatment has been prescribed, it is often nurses who manage the patient long-term, and they may even be the main care provider. This puts nurses in a key position to monitor inhaler technique, communicate with the patient to improve adherence, and even suggest alternative treatments if the patient and therapy are incompatible. This review examines the central role that nurses play in disease management and emphasizes how effective inhaler education can make a difference to disease control. Good communication between the nurse and patient is vital if this is to be achieved. Recent updates to asthma and COPD guidelines are reviewed, and key resources available to help manage patients are highlighted. Finally, with regard to inhaler education, we reconsider the nursing keystones of “Know it,” “Show it,” “Teach it,” and “Review it.”
Atomic-Scale Finite Element Method for Analyzing the Sensitivity of Graphyne-Based Resonators
Authors: Lee Haw-Long , Yang Yu-Ching , Chang Win-Jin
Published: August 2018

An atomic-scale finite element method was applied to analyze the sensitivities of α-, β-, γ-, and 6,6,12-graphyne-based resonators in mass detection under different boundary conditions. These sensitivities are then compared with that of a graphene-based resonator obtained in a previous study. According to the analysis results, among the graphyne-based resonators, the α type shows the highest sensitivity, while the γ type shows the lowest. In addition, the sensitivity decreases as the resonator size increases. We also find that the location of the attached mass has a significant effect on the sensitivity of the γ-graphyne-based resonators with different attached masses. The α-graphyne-based resonator with a small attached mass is also sensitive to change in location. However, the situation is different for a large attached mass. This study is significant for the future design and application of a graphyne-based resonator with high sensitivity.
Radiation-Induced Sarcoma following Prolonged Coronary Stent Placement
Authors: Vick Eric J. , Clark Christopher T. , Lewis James M.
Published: August 2018

Radiation exposure for the average coronary stent placement varies based on a number of factors but typically amounts to 6–11 mSv per patient (compared to 3 mSv background). As with all procedures which utilize radiation, there is an inherent risk of genetic mutation and the possible development of malignancy. Here, we present the case of a 75-year-old male who presented with an exophytic mass on his back following prolonged coronary catheterization with a radiation burn seven years prior. Biopsy of the lesion revealed the mass was consistent with an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma emanating from the site of the radiation burn. After staging studies demonstrated no evidence of metastatic disease, radical excision with negative margins was performed. This case demonstrates that despite the rarity of radiation injury, each incidence necessitates strict monitoring of radiation exposure and continual follow-up due to the risk of malignancy.
Tunable Terahertz Absorption with Optical Tamm State in the Graphene-Bragg Reflector Configuration
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Guimei , Zou Yanhong
Published: August 2018

Tunable terahertz absorption in the interface between graphene and dielectric Bragg reflector (DBR) has been numerically demonstrated. The near perfect absorption mainly originates from the enhancement of the electric field owing to the excitation of the optical Tamm state (OTS) at the interface between graphene and dielectric Bragg mirror. It has been found that the absorption peak occurs at specific incident angles, which can be employed for realizing the frequency and angular absorbers. Further, we demonstrate that the position of the absorption peak can be tuned by changing the Fermi energy of graphene. Moreover, the behaviors of the near perfect absorption are strongly related to the dielectric constants and thicknesses of the surrounding dielectrics. The tunability of graphene-DBR structure absorption may help to find favorable applications for the realization of high-performance graphene optoelectronic devices.
Insecticide Resistance Associated withkdrMutations inAedes albopictus: An Update on Worldwide Evidences
Authors: Auteri Michelangelo , La Russa Francesco , Blanda Valeria , Torina Alessandra
Published: August 2018

Insecticide resistance is an increasing problem worldwide that limits the efficacy of control methods against several pests of health interest. Among them,Aedes albopictusmosquitoes are efficient vectors of relevant pathogens causing animal and human diseases worldwide, including yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika. Different mechanisms are associated in conferring resistance to chemical insecticides. One of the most widespread and analysed mechanisms is the knockdown resistance (kdr) causing resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. The mechanism is associated with mutations in the voltage sensitive sodium channel, which is involved in beginning and propagation of action potentials in nervous cells. The mechanism was originally discovered in the housefly and then it was found in a large number of arthropods. In 2011, akdrassociated mutation was evidenced for the first time inA. albopictusand afterward several evidences were reported in the different areas of the world, including China, USA, Brazil, India, and Mediterranean Countries. This review aims to update and summarize current evidences onkdrinA. albopictus, in order to stimulate further researches to analyse in depthA. albopictusresistance status across the world, especially in countries where the presence of this vector is still an emerging issue. Such information is currently needed given the well-known vector role ofA. albopictusin the transmission of severe infectious diseases. Furthermore, the widespread use of chemical insecticides for control strategies againstA. albopictusprogressively lead to pressure selection inducing the rise of insecticide resistance-related mutations in the species. Such event is especially evident in some countries as China, often related to a history of uncontrolled use of chemical insecticides. Thus, a careful picture on the diffusion ofkdrmutations worldwide represents a milestone for the implementation of control plans and the triggering of novel research on alternative strategies for mosquito-borne infections.
Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusas a Probable Cause of Antibiotic-Associated Enterocolitis
Authors: Lane Alison B. , Copeland Nathanial K. , Onmus-Leone Fatma , Lawler James V.
Published: August 2018

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is typically associated withClostridium difficile. However,Staphylococcus aureushas also been described as a cause of antibiotic-associated enterocolitis and diarrhea and is likely an underrecognized etiology. We present a case of enterocolitis and urinary tract infection caused by methicillin-resistantS. aureusfollowing antibiotic treatment.
Resolution of Crizotinib-Associated Fulminant Hepatitis following Cessation of Treatment
Authors: Charville Gregory W. , Padda Sukhmani K. , Sibley Richard K. , Puthillath Ajithkumar , Kwo Paul Y.
Published: August 2018

Targeted cancer treatments offer the prospect of precise inhibition of tumor growth without the untoward off-target toxicity of traditional chemotherapies. Still, unintended, often idiosyncratic side effects, such as drug-induced liver injury, can occur. We discuss the case of a 26-year-old female with a history of ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, undergoing treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib, who presented to our hospital with abdominal pain and scleral icterus. Liver chemistries were notable for hyperbilirubinemia (5 mg/dL total) and marked transaminasemia (AST 1736 U/L, ALT >3500 U/L); liver biopsy demonstrated acute hepatitis with extensive necrosis. There was no evidence of an infectious or autoimmune etiology. It was discovered that the patient was taking a 500 mg once daily dose of crizotinib, in lieu of the intended dose of 250 mg twice daily. After immediate cessation of crizotinib therapy upon hospital admission, there was complete biochemical resolution of the hepatitis. This case highlights the potential reversibility of fulminant crizotinib-associated hepatoxicity, possibly related to supratherapeutic dosing, when managed with abrupt stoppage of the drug and initiation of supportive care.
Change of TGF-β1 Gene Expression and TGF-β1 Protein Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Identification of Plaque Bacteria in a Patient with Recurrent Localized Gingival Enlargement before and after Gingivectomy
Authors: Astuti Lilies Anggarwati , Hatta Mochammad , Oktawati Sri , Natzir Rosdiana , Dwiyanti Ressy
Published: August 2018

This case report highlights the change of TGF-β1 gene expressions and TGF-β1 protein level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and identification of plaque bacteria in a patient with recurrent localized gingival enlargement before and aftergingivectomytreatment. A 26-year-old woman came to AG Dental Care Clinic, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in October 2015 with a chief complaint that her gingiva often bled spontaneously and she felt pain on her gingiva and felt less comfortable and no self-confidence with her anterior and posterior gingival condition on the right maxilla region which is slightly larger than normal. She often felt that her gingiva could bleed spontaneously when she was talking or remains silent though. The patient is disturbed by the malodor she felt. At that moment, the patient sought for gingivectomy treatment. Three years afterward, the patient came back with the same complaint. Gingival crevicular fluid has been taken from the gingival sulcus before and after gingivectomy. Clinical and GCF follow-up examination was performed one week and three weeks after gingivectomy, and successful results on biological, functional, and aesthetic parameters were observed.