bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Maternal Deprivation on Anxiety, Depression, and Empathy in Male and Female Offspring of Wistar Rats in the Face of Novel Objects
Authors: Khalifeh Solmaz , Khodagholi Fariba , Moghtadaei Mehrad , Behvarmanesh Ali , Kheradmand Afshin , Ghazvini Hamed
Published: January 2022

Background: Early life stress (ELS) models such as maternal deprivation (MD) are used to in¬vestigate behavioral changes in rodents under stressful situations. MD is a situation in which rat pups are separated from the dam; MD has different paradigms. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of maternal deprivation on anxiety, depression, and empathy in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: MD was applied to pups as per specifically designed protocol to compare rats of the control group with maternal deprivation rats and also the group, which faced novel objects. Each group consisted of eight rats. In this study, separation started from postnatal day (PND) 14 for various periods up to PND 60. EPM test was undertaken to measure anxiety; moreover, FST was used to indicate levels of depression. Also, changes in the empathy ratio were also demonstrated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s post hoc analysis, and t-test were applied to analyze the results. Results: MD-treated rats showed a significant decrease in anxiety and empathy indexes compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). However, MD significantly increased depression in both male and female rats (P<0.05). Final¬ly, exposure to novel objects decreased depression but did not have any effect on anxiety and empathy levels in MD rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: ELS may lead to various states of mood and behavior in adulthood. According to the findings of this study, depression increases due to MD, though both anxiety and empathy decrease in both male and female Wistar rats. Moreover, ex¬posure to novel objects decreases depression, while anxiety and empathy do not change signifi¬cantly with exposure to novel objects. [GMJ.2019;8:e1093]
Possible Role of Myopia as a Risk Factor for Mechanical Neck Pain in Medical Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kardeh Bahareh , Ashraf Alireza , Kardeh Sina
Published: January 2022

Background: Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is a common health concern. Some studies suggested a relationship between neck pain and visual activity. We assessed the role of myopia as a contributing factor in the development of chronic MNP. Materials and Methods: All medical students at Shiraz University School of Medicine, who were 18 to 22 years old, were invited to participate in this retrospective case-control study from March 2016 to March 2017. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was used to assess the average neck pain severity over the past 6 months in order to enroll participants as the case (≥3) or control (<3) groups. Demographic data and medical profile were obtained. After identifying eligible cases, we assigned age- and sex-matched controls, who also met the study criteria. Subsequently, participants completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) questionnaires and were evaluated for myopia severity. Variables were compared between the case and control groups as well as within the case group. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From over 700 medical students, around 150 cooperated. Eventually, 31 eligible cases (and 31 controls) were studied. NDI and NPDS were significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001). However, no significant differences were noticed between the groups regarding the severity (P=0.123) and the duration (P=0.417) of myopia. Also, the correlation of myopia severity with NDPS (ρ=0.159, P=0.216) and NDI (ρ=0.201, P=0.116) was non-significant within the case group. Conclusion: Our findings have not supported the influential role of myopia in the development of chronic MNP.  [GMJ.2019;8:e1287]
ЖИТТЄТВОРЧІСТЬ ОЛЕНИ ГІЛЕЛЬС У КОНТЕКСТІ КУЛЬТУРНОГО ПРОСТОРУ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ
Authors: Badalov Oleg Pavlovich
Published: January 2022

Мета публікації – вивчення життєтворчості піаністки, представниці музичної династії Гілельс, заслуженої артистки РФ Олени Еміліївни Гілельс (1948–1996), з’ясування її внеску у формування музичних феноменів сучасності. Автор досліджує життєтворчість О. Гілельс у контексті її виконавської діяльності як піаністки-солістки, учасниці камерних ансамблів, активної діячки світового фортепіанного руху другої половини ХХ ст. Методологія статті ґрунтується на історико-хронологічному, джерелознавчому, логіко-узагальнюючому методах для аналізу періодичних джерел, архівів родини піаністки, її творчої біографії, виявлення факторів впливу її творчості на розвиток культурного простору. Наукова новизна публікації полягає у дослідженні життєтворчості однієї з визначних діячок фортепіанної культури другої половини ХХ ст. як комплексного феномену, що розвивався у соціокультурному контексті часу. Висновки. Провідною формою творчої діяльності Олени Гілельс, починаючи з кінця 1960-х рр., була концертна робота, що тривала у вітчизняному музичному просторі та була включена у світовий культурний рух. Здобувши освіту у провідних представників Московської фортепіанної школи періоду її найвищого розквіту, Олена Гілельс здійснювала вагомий внесок у розвиток фортепіанного руху, виступаючи на теренах СРСР, а також гідно репрезентувала досягнення вітчизняного фортепіанного виконавства у численних закордонних турне. Найвищими мистецькими звершеннями, завдяки яким творчість Олени Гілельс увійшла до скарбниці світового музичного мистецтва, є інтерпретація творів В. А. Моцарта та Ф. Шуберта для двох роялів та фортепіано у чотири руки, зафіксована у аудіозаписах. Свідченням значного авторитету, яким користувалась у світовому культурному просторі О. Гілельс, є її гастрольна діяльність чи не у всіх країнах Європи, США, Японії та ін. Різностильовий репертуар, наявні технічні можливості щодо реалізації виконавських ідей висували Олену Гілельс на передній край фортепіанного виконавства кінця ХХ ст., але з незалежних від неї причин та у зв’язку з раннім уходом з життя вона не посіла того місця у вітчизняному культурному просторі, на яке заслуговувала.
Relationship between Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Homozygous Mutation and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Subtypes
Authors: Han Jung Hoon , Kim Han Jun , Oh Kyungmi , Kim Chi Kyung
Published: January 2022

Background: Neuroimaging detects cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) subtypes, including infarction, asymptomatic lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and enlarged perivascular space. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays an essential role in the metabolism of folic acid and homocysteine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the MTHFR C677T mutation and CSVD subtypes.Methods: A total of 144 patients with acute ischemic stroke who visited the Korea University Guro Hospital between April 2020 and August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. After excluding 24 patients, due to missing laboratory, clinical, or imaging information, a total of 120 patients were analyzed.Results: Among the 120 participants, 25% were included in the MTHFR C677T homozygous mutation group, which had significantly lower folic acid levels (6.24±4.21 ng/mL vs. 8.24±4.21 ng/mL, p=0.03) and higher total homocysteine levels (17.09±14.07 μmol/L vs. 9.65±3.19 μmol/L, p<0.01). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the homozygous mutation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.16–15.90) and age (aOR=1.06; 95% CI=1.01–1.11) were independently associated with moderate to severe WMHs. Additionally, moderate to severe WMHs were more frequent in the homozygous mutation group (86.7% vs. 66.7%, p=0.01). In a detailed analysis, the homozygous mutation group showed a significantly higher rate of moderate to severe periventricular WMH (PWMH) (86.7% vs. 65.6%, p<0.01).Conclusion: The MTHFR C677T homozygous mutation was positively correlated with moderate to severe PWMH subtypes of CSVD.
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEGUNAAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH PADA BEBERAPA TEGAKAN DI ARBORETUM BALAI PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI SERAT TANAMAN HUTAN (BP2TSTH) KUOK
Authors: Budi Siswanto Arifin , Hadinoto Hadinoto , Azwin Azwin
Published: January 2022

Underground plants have an important role in soil and air conservation efforts, namely as a source of organic matter, preventing erosion, a source of germplasm and increasing air infiltration into the soil. This study aims to identify the types, diversity and use of understorey under stands of meranti, gaharu and mixed stands in the arboretum of the Kuok Forest Plant Fiber Technology Research and Development Institute (BP2TSTH). The data collection method used systematic sampling with a random start, with a sampling intensity of 5%. The number of plots observed for meranti, gaharu and mixed stands were 50, 25 and 25, respectively, with a plot size of 2 x 2 (m). In the stands were found 17 families of undergrowth consisting of 23 species and 10,338 individuals. In the agarwood stands there are 10 families of undergrowth consisting of 13 species and 9,696 individuals. In the agarwood stands there are 11 families with a diversity of 13 species and 10,328 individuals. Diversity Index and Evenness Index in meranti, gaharu and mixed stands respectively; 1.25 and 0.4; 0.72 and 0.28; 0.72 and 0.28. Paspalum conjugatum is a understorey species with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) in the three stands.
BIOPELET DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KEMIRI (ALEURITES MOLUCCANA) DENGAN CAMPURAN BIOMASSA LIMBAH BATANG SAGU (METROXYLON SAGU) DAN SERBUK GERGAJI SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF
Authors: Istiani Widia , Sribudiani Evi , Somadona Sonia
Published: January 2022

Utilization of biomass as biopellet is a solution for the creation of renewable alternative energy. So that a research was conducted on the manufacture of biopellets from waste shells of candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) with a mixture of waste biomass from sago stems (Metroxylon sago) and sawdust. This study aims to determine the quality and determine the composition of the best raw materials in biopellets. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments and five replications. The raw materials are dried for 3 days, then mashed and filtered, then the raw materials are mixed with adhesive and printed, the last parameter is tested. The results showed that the water content, calorific value, and volatile matter content of the biopellet met the SNI standard. 8021:2014. However, in the density and ash content test, the biopellet did not meet the SNI 8021:2014 standard. The best biopellet composition was obtained in treatment P2 with the addition of 10% of the total weight of biomass with a moisture content of 9.96%, density 0.31g/cm3, calorific value 4.232 cal/g, and ash content 11.3%, and volatile matter content of 73 ,69%
Germany’s Position Concerning the Nord Stream-2 Pipeline in the Context of the European Union’s Energy Security
Authors: Stetsiuk Mykola
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the underlying foundations of Germany’s position regarding the construction of Russia’s Nord Stream 2 pipeline, as well as the impact of this position on the European Union’s joint energy policy and energy security. Against the backdrop of the constantly growing energy consumption both globally and in EU specifically, supplies of energy sources are being increasingly used by exporters as an instrument of political influence. In this context, the Nord Stream-2 pipeline is regarded as such an instrument, primarily by Russia itself. On the other hand, Germany has been supporting the construction of the new Russian pipeline due to the need to ensure uninterrupted supply of cheap natural gas. The latter is of particular significance for the realization of Germany’s long-term energy transformation strategy. However, by sticking to such a position, Germany prioritizes its own political and economic interests over those of EU and individual Member States, which is contrary to one of the main principles of EU’s functioning, i.e., the principle of solidarity. With this in mind, it is reasonable to conclude that Germany is almost single-handedly defining the strategic direction of the entire EU’s energy policy without paying due attention to alternative suppliers and sources.
Features of the Implementation of Decommunization Policy of the Symbolic Space in Local Macrocommunities of Ukraine
Authors: Rotar Nataliya
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the practices of local self-government in Ukraine in the field of decommunization of urban spaces in Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa, Dnieper. The peculiarities of the implementation of the policy of de-communization of the symbolic space indicate that since 2015, at the level of local macrocommunities, they have become public arenas of interpretations of the past. Their memorial symbolic structure reflects the competition between political actors representing competing commemorative orders. Local self-government practices have acquired their expressive specificity in each of the local macrocommunities. In particular, in Kiev, the policy of local self-government bodies is designated by us as “political”, which is associated with its status as the capital of Ukraine. It was this status that subordinated the symbolic space of local history and the retrospective reverse to historical names. Local authorities in Odessa and Kharkov carried out decommunization with the involvement, in addition to the political, pragmatic (Kharkov) and historical (Odessa) practices of renaming toponyms. Historical practice has become the core of the practice of decommunization of the symbolic space of the Dnieper. At the same time, local governments in all four cities of Ukraine were subjects of political competition (“symbolic struggle”) for the right to form and approve the idea of the legitimate order of the city's symbolic space. By referring to Ukraine's policy in the field of decommunization as one that has elements of symbolic violence, local governments fueled the social tension that accompanied the implementation of this policy.
Combating Disinformation in the European Union: Legal Aspects
Authors: Zvozdetska Oksana
Published: January 2022

Today, both Ukraine and European countries are subject to disinformation and foreign intervention in their domestic policies. Each democracy no matter its geography experiences its distinct vulnerabilities and respectively, reactions to foreign interference. It should be stated, the immediate responses to such challenges in most Western countries have been rare and sluggish, hampered by legal constraints and bureaucracy, and furthermore, they lacked a real political awareness of the problem or proof of its further impact. Foreign actors are increasingly using disinformation strategies to influence public debate, stir controversy and interfere in democratic decision-making. Responding to these new challenges, the European Commission has introduced a set of actions and tools to better regulate the digital ecosystem of the media and its participants, in particular, the formation and improvement of the legal framework to combat disinformation in the European information space.

The researcher’s focus revolves around the European Union’s comprehensive approach to vigorous combating misinformation. The research data prove that since 2015, the EU has adopted a number of regulations to counter this information threat and the potential effects of foreign interference. In particular, in 2016 the EU adopted a document “Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats, a European Union response”, and “Action Plan against Disinformation”, respectively in 2018. These documents provide a baseline for understanding the diverse types of challenges other countries face and how they are addressing them.

Consequently, a number of initiatives and projects of the European institutions, and the first worldwide self-regulatory “EU Code of Practice on Disinformation” issued in 2018 on a voluntary basis, have become main pillars of the EU. The Code identifies issues related to ensuring the transparency of political advertising, strengthening efforts to close active counterfeits. accounts, enabling users to report misinformation and access various news sources, while improving the visibility and reliability of authoritative content; enabling the research community to monitor disinformation on the Internet through access to these platforms, compatible with the confidentiality signed by the largest Internet platforms and social media (Google, Facebook, Twitter and Mozilla) in the framework of WMC self-regulation activities. It should be noted that the implementation of the “European Union Code of Practice on Countering Disinformation” has yielded ambiguous fruits. Self-regulation was the first logical and necessary step, but few stakeholders were fully satisfied with the process or its outcome, significant challenges remain for building trust through industry, governments, academia and civil society engagement.
Middle Ages Christian Colour Precious Stones Symbols in the Context of a new Conception of Symbol as a Synergetic Linguo-Cultural Hyper Sign
Authors: Oguy Oleksandr , Ivasiuk Olha , Ivasiuk Galyna
Published: January 2022

The article focuses on systematic research of Christian colour precious stones symbols in the context of a new conception of symbol as a synergetic lingo cultural hyper sign. It was pointed out that colours as hyper symbols, which were realized through precious stones, accepted symbolic use typical for Christianity. It was also proved that in Middle Ages colour was an expressive characteristic for precious stones depicting in literature. In general symbols were defined as complicated cultural phenomena depending upon both individual interpretation and upon the level of cultural stereotypes.
Political Process in Bulgaria: Failed Coalition and the Third Parliamentary Elections during One Year
Authors: Burdiak Vira
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the political process in the Republic of Bulgaria and a number of elections to the National Assembly,which in 2021 were already in April, July and announced for November.The factors, which influenced the need to hold parliamentary elections three times in a row.This shows, that the state is going through a difficult period of instability and turbulence.Building a democratic state governed by the rule of law in Bulgaria,despite its membership in the EU, it is still in its infancy.

The author emphasizes that the state is growing alienated from democratic political processes and despair of their effectiveness.This requires legal regulation of the following issues:ensuring universal suffrage;the possibility of campaigning and outreach among voters on others,in addition to the state (Bulgarian) languages,after all, large minorities live in Bulgaria (Turkish, Roma, etc.);improving the financing of election campaigning and the mechanism for appealing the results of parliamentary electionsbased on the transition from indirect to direct appeal by election participants to the NZB of their results.

Solving the main problem of Bulgaria – reducing corruption,in fact, it did not happen.Positive success in the fight against corruption can be achieved with the support of the population,his belief that the state will be able to defeat corruption,clear enforcement of anti-corruption measures in various government agencies and institutions.The growth of political consciousness of citizens,which is expressed in a broad protest movement,in the medium term may become the internal basis for the formation of real,rather than a formal electoral system organized according to European standards.
Analisis Molekuler Burkholderia glumae Pada Varietas Padi Ciherang Di Sawah Tadah Hujan Lingkungan Universitas Wiralodra Indramayu
Authors: Dwimartina Fina , Laila Fadhillah
Published: January 2022

Deteksi patogen penyebab penyakit tumbuhan dapat dilakukan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Deteksi secara langsung umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode serologi dan molekuler. Deteksi dan identifikasi bakteri patogen dengan teknik molekuler dapat dilakukan dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Penyakit hawar malai yang disebabkan oleh Burkholderia glumae dilaporkan menginfeksi tanaman padi di Indonesia. B. glumae dapat terbawa benih sehingga berpotensi menyebar dengan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui wilayah sebar penyakit hawar malai di sawah tadah hujan lingkungan Universitas Wiralodra Indramayu. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi pengambilan sampel biji padi di sawah tadah hujan lingkungan Universitas Wiralodra Indramayu. Biji padi secara acak diambil langsung dari sawah tadah hujan serta dicatat varietas serta nama daerah pengambilan sampel, kemudian diuji secara molekuler. Hasil amplifikasi PCR terhadap 3 sampel biji padi  menunjukkan ketiga sampel tersebut negatif terinfeksi B. glumae. Sampel biji padi yang negatif terdeteksi B. glumae dapat terjadi karena pada saat pengambilan sampel, wilayah Indramayu sedang memasuki musim penghujan, sehingga potensi berkembangnya penyakit hawar malai akan menurun.
Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa Di Desa Umbulsari, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Ardiani Devi , Kusuma Dedy Wijaya , Widaninggar Nanda
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted to describe and study the Village Fund Management Accountability System from the planning, implementation and accountability stages. This research uses a qualitative exploratory method through a case study approach. This study uses interviews which are carried out in depth to each informant. The results of this study indicate that the implementation stage of the Village Fund in Umbulsari Village has implemented the principles of participation and transparency. For the implementation stage of village funds, the principles of participation, transparency and accountability have been implemented. Meanwhile, at the accountability stage, village funds have implemented the principle of accountability.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM KEUANGAN DESA TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN ALOKASI DANA DESA (ADD)
Authors: Sukwani Dara Fitra , Kusuma Dedy Wijaya , Sari Nurshadrina Kartika
Published: January 2022

Village Fund Allocation (ADD) is one source of rural income which is generally still the main source of income used in the conduct of geverment village. On efforts to oversee the transparency of village financial management, BPKP and the ministry of home affairs developed a village finansial system application in 2015. The purpose of this study is to describe of the result of the evaluation of the village financial syystem on ADD financial management. And can provide goverment of ADD in accordance with the provisions of the legislation.

This research used qualitative descriptive approach whit the case study research sites in Rambigundam village, Rambipuji, Jember. The data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation to get the validity of the data, carriet out technical examination of the validity of the data which is testing the credibility,  tranferability, depability, and confirmability.

The result showed that the planning stage until the accountability village Allocation Fund stage have well done, but there are same problems of the implementation, they are the lack of participation from people, the lack of participation of Badan Permusyawaran Desa (BPD), and the lack of village Implementation Teams in preparing the report Accountability Village Fund Allocation.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Kinerja Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Dengan Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada PT. Bukit Megagriya Makmur
Authors: Safitri Dyah Ayu , Firdaus Muhammad , Sari Nurshadrina Kartika
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of user participation, user ability, and top management support on the performance of accounting information systems through education and training as moderating variables at PT. Megagriya Makmur Hill. This research uses classical assumption test, data quality test, descriptive statistical test, multiple linear regression, Moderated Regression Analysis test, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that user participation, user capabilities, top management support, have an effect on the performance of accounting information systems. When moderation occurs, education and training are not able to moderate user participation and top management support on accounting information system performance, while education and training are able to moderate users' ability to accounting information system performance.
EDUKASI PERPAJAKAN: UNDANG-UNDANG KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI KEUANGAN SEBAGAI SARANA MEMBANGUN KESADARAN BAYAR PAJAK MELALUI PENDIDIKAN PERGURUAN TINGGI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Maulida Alfiatul , Sumartiah Siti
Published: January 2022

The large number of people who avoid taxes has made the government look for effective and efficient alternatives to enforce an orderly and legally correct manner, namely by issuing the Law on the Disclosure of Financial Information. The Law on Financial Information Disclosure was published on 23 August 2017. Access to financial information for tax purposes includes access to receive and obtain financial information in the context of implementing the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of taxation and the implementation of international tax treaties. This study aims to analyze how much influence tax education can have on building tax awareness, to analyze how much the Financial Information Disclosure Act is known and understood by prospective taxpayers and taxpayers, and to analyze the effect of the Law on the Disclosure of Financial Information to make Personal Taxpayers. pay taxes orderly. The research method used is Path Analysis.

Keywords: tax education, disclosure of financial information, tax compliance funds
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, PROMOSI DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA JASA PENGIRIMAN BARANG JNE DI BESUKI
Authors: Jayanti Kurnia Firmanda , Fatimah Feti , Izudin Ahmad
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted to see the effect of service quality, promotion and price on customer satisfaction. This research was conducted at the Besuki branch of JNE. Sampling was done by random sampling technique where all the population was taken at random to be the research sample. This is done to increase customer satisfaction at JNE Besuki branch through service quality, promotion and price. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression to determine service quality, promotion and price on customer satisfaction. The results show that service quality affects customer satisfaction, promotion affects customer satisfaction, price affects customer satisfaction.

Keyword : service quality, promotion, price, customer satisfaction
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE BRAND TRUST IN THE INTEREST OF BUYING MULTI LEVEL MARKETING (MLM) PRODUCTS IN THE CITY OF RUTENG MANGGARAI
Authors: Masriani Maria Epelita , Sanica I Gede
Published: January 2022

In the business world, achieving the goals that have been planned depends very much on the factors that influence it. One of them is the factor of brand trust or brand trust. The concept of trust comes from the analysis of personal relationships in the field of social psychology. Social psychology discusses the influence of humans on others in terms of changing behavior, attitudes, communication patterns, and building trust. According to Hong Youl Ha and Helen Perks (2015) brand trust is a benchmark for customers to rely on the brand's ability to carry out the functions it plays. In this situation where the individual cannot objectively evaluate the quality of the product in advance, brand trust plays an important role in reducing uncertainty in purchasing.This study focuses on the millennial generation of brand trust in buying interest in HWI products. Using a qualitative approach, with descriptive analysis. This study collected data through interviews, observations and documentation. The results of this study were that brand trust had an effect on buying interest in HWI products in the city of Ruteng Manggarai.

Keywords: Brand Trust, Buying Interest, MLM Product
Effects of quercetin and low-level laser on oxidative and inflammatory factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Martirosyan Danik M. , Ashoori Mohammad Reza , Rezaeinezhad Alireza , Jahanbakhshi Fahimeh , Pezeshki Shaghayegh , Mikaeili Afsaneh Seyed , Alkhamis Saham , Mirmiranpour Hossein
Published: January 2022

Background: Unmanaged type 2 diabetes mellitus has dangerous consequences, such as neuropathy. Oxidative stress and inflammatory factors play an important role in the development of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetics are prone to mild cognitive impairment, which is a neurological disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin as a functional food and oxidative agents and inflammatory factors of low-level laser.Methods: In this study, 60 elderly volunteers were selected: 30 normal as a control group and 30 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment. The average age was 75 years old. Groups of diabetic patients were examined for changes in glucose levels, oxidants, antioxidants and inflammatory factors before and after treatment with quercetin and low-level laser therapy–green laser diode with a wavelength of 532 nm at 100 mw and compared with the control group. Changes in the levels of biochemical parameters were performed according to the instructions of the relevant kits. Results: The results of the obtained data analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P value < 0.05) in the levels of glucose, hydrogen peroxide, advanced glycation end-products, malondialdehyde, oxidized-low density lipoprotein, paraoxonase, lipoprotein lipase, and inflammatory factors including TNF-α, interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta between diabetic samples before and after treatment with quercetin and laser from control subject samples. There was no significant difference (P value > 0.05) in inflammatory factors between quercetin-treated, laser-treated and both quercetin and laser treated groups. The synergistic effect of quercetin and laser between the quercetin and laser treated group and the untreated group on changes in the levels of biochemical parameters was observed significantly only in advanced glycation end-products, malondialdehyde, oxidized-low density lipoprotein, and paraoxonase.Conclusion: The results showed that quercetin, laser, and their synergistic effect can play a role in reducing some oxidant factors.Keywords: Quercetin, Low-level laser, Inflammatory factors, Oxidative factors, Diabetes mellitus
Die Geburtsstunde des Grünen Punktes. Die Verpackungsverordnung von 1991 und die Einführung des Dualen Abfallwirtschaftssystems in Deutschland
Authors: Seifert Daniel
Published: January 2022

Vorliegende Fallstudie untersucht die Einführung des Dualen Abfallwirtschaftssystems in Deutschland im Rahmen der Verpackungsverordnung von 1991. Dabei steht das Wechselspiel zwischen den korporatistischen Verhandlungen der Bundesregierung mit Interessenverbänden einerseits sowie, andererseits, den Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Bundes- und Landesregierungen im Bundesrat im Zentrum der Betrachtung. Die Analyse zeigt, dass eine parteipolitische Inkongruenz zwischen Bundestags- und Bundesratsmehrheit keinesfalls zwangsläufig zu einer Politikblockade entsprechend der Wettbewerbslogik zwischen den Parteien führen muss. Vielmehr hat sich erst durch diese politische Konstellation die Möglichkeit eröffnet, eine von ökonomischen Interessen geprägte, in korporatistischen Strukturen ausgehandelte Politik im Konsens zugunsten des Umweltschutzes zu korrigieren.
„Was lange währt...“ – Die Einführung des Einwegpfands in Deutschland
Authors: Hoffmann Robert
Published: January 2022

In vorliegendem Beitrag wird der problematische Entscheidungsfindungs- und Implementationsprozess bei der Einführung des Einwegpfands in Deutschland untersucht. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass es das Zusammenspiel dreier interdependenter Faktoren ist, wodurch sich der eigentümliche Verlauf dieser Prozesse erklären lässt: Die sich wandelnden Bundesratsmehrheiten mit ihren Auswirkungen auf das Strategiespektrum der Umweltministerien; die Interessenheterogenität innerhalb der beteiligten gesellschaftlichen Gruppen; und die Folgewirkung existierender Politiken. Um die Bedeutung dieser Faktoren auszuarbeiten, wird zunächst die Verabschiedung des novellierten Abfallbeseitigungsgesetzes von 1986 und der Verpackungsverordnung von 1991 nachvollzogen. Daran schließt die Analyse des Zustandekommens der Verpackungsverordnung von 1998 und die eines gescheiterten Änderungsversuches 2001 an. Die Untersuchung dieser Prozesse zeigt, dass die daraus resultierende Politik in ihrer konkreten Ausgestaltung eigentlich keine Befürworter mehr hatte. So werden auch die Implementationsschwierigkeiten nachvollziehbar, die zu Beginn des Jahrtausends von Seiten der Politik und vor allem seitens der Bürger zu beklagen waren.
Der Staat als Unternehmer bei der Bereitstellung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen – Konvergenz im internationalen Vergleich?
Authors: Schmitt Carina
Published: January 2022

Dieser Beitrag untersucht einerseits, ob sich der Staat als Unternehmer aus der Bereitstellung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen zurückgezogen hat und andererseits ob dabei Konvergenz im internationalen Vergleich festgestellt werden kann. Die empirische Konvergenzanalyse auf Grundlage eines neuen Messinstruments und Primärdaten für den Telekommunikations-, Post-, und Bahnsektor zeigt, dass sich die Entwicklung in den drei Sektoren stark unterscheidet. Zwar ist ein Rückzug des Staates aus allen drei Sektoren feststellbar. Dies führt jedoch nur im Telekommunikationssektor zu Sigma-Konvergenz. Im Postsektor hingegen nimmt die Varianz des staatlichen Unternehmertums über die Zeit signifikant zu. Ferner ziehen sich in allen drei Sektoren Staaten mit ehemals stärker ausgeprägtem öffentlichen Unternehmertum in stärkerem Maße zurück als Länder mit einem vergleichsweise niedrigen Ausgangsniveau.
Research on grounding grid corrosion detection based on hybrid artificial intelligence algorithm
Authors: Hu Haize , Li Yunyi , Fang Mengge , Hu Feiyu , Rong Zhanpeng
Published: January 2022

As an important part of substation, grounding grid is the main approach to release short-circuit current. Grounding grid is in the complex electromagnetic compund,and with increasely being operated, it is easily corroded for various reasons, resulting in short-circuit current not being discharged normally. It is difficult to detect the grounding grid without excavation, because it is generally buried underground. Therefore, it is very important to accurately detect the grounding grid without excavation. In this paper, a grounding grid detection method based on artificial intelligence hybrid algorithm is proposed. In order to verify the accuracy of the detection method, the grounding grid model is established by using electromagnetic transient simulation software ATP-EMTP. According to the ATP-EMTP simulation model, the node potential of each point of the grounding grid is detected as the reference object for verification. In order to remove the randomness of the simulation results, the average value of 20 tests was used as the corrosion diagnosis result. The results show that the missed diagnosis rate of the proposed in paper was 2.1%, which was reduced by 12.1%, 7.1% and 7.5% respectively compared with the other three algorithms. At the same time, the misdiagnosis is 2.1%, which is reduced by 10%, 6.2% and 12.9% respectively for the other three algorithms. In sum, the corrosion leakage diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of the proposed artificial intelligence algorithm are lower than those of the other three optimization algorithms, and have higher accuracy and stability in corrosion diagnosis.
Comparative Analysis of Spatial Disparities Based on Infrastructure Development and Socioeconomic Indices: A Case Study of Lahore
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Rafique Saima , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Infrastructure development and socioeconomic factors are directly related to the opulence and economic growth of any region. Disparity in the allocation of resources within a city has a huge influence on the socioeconomic factors of the population. Cities in developing countries manifesta vast disparity in the provision of infrastructural facilities and it leads to curbing the socioeconomic development of their residents. The current research aims to study the impact of disparity in infrastructure development on the socioeconomic factors has been assessed in the city of Lahore. Two towns of the city, that is, Johar town and Shalamar town were selected based on two different criteria to examine the impact of disparity in infrastructure development on the prevailing socioeconomic conditions. Primary data was collected with the help of a questionnaire encompassing major infrastructure development factors and socioeconomic indicators. Surveys were conducted in these towns with the disproportionate technique of stratified sampling. Data was analyzed through SPSS. Statistical Linear Regression Model was applied to determine whether a relationship exists among the infrastructural and socioeconomic indicators or not. The results showed that the town with better infrastructure development has far better socioeconomic conditions as compared to the less developed town within the same city.

        Keywords: inequality, infrastructural development, socio-economic indices, spatial disparities
Analytical Study of Decorative Techniques Used in S̲h̲īs̲h̲ Maḥal, Lahore Fort, Pakistan
Authors: Muiz Khalifa Ahmed
Published: January 2022

S̲h̲īs̲h̲ Mah͎al, the magnificent and monumental creation of Mughals, still stands like a jewel after hundreds of years. This building characteristically excels in its decoration and is best known for its intricate detailing. The evolution and transformation of decorative arts reached its zenith during the reign of S̲h̲āh Jahan (1628 - 1658), which is known as the era of delicacy and pure light in white. The aim of this paper is to study the decorative arts that excelled during this golden era. In this regard, S̲h̲īs̲h̲ Maḥal, situated at the Lahore Fort, is taken as a case study. Comprehensive documentation of these decorative arts including their design, material and technology developed the baseline inventory for their interpretation and appreciation. The study further explored the transformations and transitions during their refinement in addition to their description in the historical textual data.

        Keywords: decorative techniques, Pietra-dura, S̲h̲āh Jahan, Mumtaz
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY TESTS FOR ADMINISTRATION OF KIDNEY DISEASE QUALITY OF LIFE-SHORT FORM IN INDONESIAN VERSION
Authors: Andika Rendy , Hamid Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy , Rodjani Arry
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aims to adapt the KDQOL-SF questionnaire into Indonesian and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire in healthy subjects in Indonesia. Material & Methods: Previously translated (into Indonesian) KDQOL-SF questionnaire was given to 33 healthy subjects at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Respondents were over 18 years old and were able to speak Indonesian orally and in written form. Reliability was measured using Alpha Cronbach’s intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency reliability. Validity was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Out of 33 respondents, the majority of subjects were male (81%) with mean age 47.4 ± 13.7 years old. The highest score was in social support aspects with mean score 99.48 ± 2.95, while the lowest score was vitality aspect with mean score 63.28 ± 11.61. Alpha Cronbach’s score was between 0.580-0.999 and Pearson’s correlation coefficient between 0.405-0.976 with P < 0.05. Conclusion: KDQOL-SF questionnaire, which was translated into Indonesian, was valid and reliable to be used in evaluating patients’ quality of before kidney transplantation in Indonesia
THE EFFECT OF MORINGA LEAF EXTRACT (MORINGA OLEIFERA L) AGAINST MOTILITY OF SPERMATOZOA MICE EXPOSED TO MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE
Authors: Ilham Saptia Nugraha  , Wibisono Dimas Sindhu , Saraswati Indah , Juniarto Achmad Zulfa
Published: January 2022

Objective: Excessive use of MSG in everyday life can cause infertility to men. Exposure to MSG can cause cells to experience oxidative stress which subsequently triggers the generation of free radicals. Free radicals can be resisted with antioxidants. Material & Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental test with a post-test only control group design using male mice as the experimental object. The statistical test used the One Way ANOVA test. Results: In this research, 5 male mice were assigned into 4 groups and 1 control group. Using the One Way ANOVA test, it was found that there were significant differences in ≥ 2 treatment groups in the motility group of spermatozoa with active movement (p < 0.001) and the motility group of spermatozoa with weak movement (p = 0.036). The two groups showed significant differences. The Post hoc LSD test in the motility group with active movement showed significant differences between the control group with MSG treatment (p < 0.001) and the treatment group given Moringa leaves extract of 600 mg/kgW (p < 0.001) and 1200 mg/kgW (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Moringa leaves extract can effect the improvement of the motility of spermatozoa exposed to monosodium glutamate at a given dose of 300 mg/kgW and 600 mg/kgW.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN URINE LEUKOCYTES AND THE TYPES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: Sunjaya Joshua , Bororing Sheella Rima , Iryaningrum Maria Riastuti
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the functional role of the urine leukocyte count on type of UTI. Material & Methods: This is a systematic review study with searches for articles from 2010-2020 through the PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases. The exclusion criteria in this study are patients using catheters (CAUTI), UTI patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and pediatric or infant patients. There were 1158 studies found and 3 studies synthesized. Results: There are 1130 patients studied. Age range from 18 to 89.1 years. Three studies showed that there was an association between the number of urinary leukocytes and the type of UTI (Tommaso Cai et al., p < 0.0001; and Alexander R. Levine et al., p < 0.001) and one study had no relationship. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the number of urinary leukocytes with the type of UTI. An increase in the number of urinary leukocytes above the normal limit is the sign of body’s immune response to eliminate uropathogens. The innate immune characteristic factors and the body’s immune response have an important role in causing symptoms in UTI patients.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS PROFILE OF BLADDER DISEASES IN DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL FROM JANUARY 2015 TO DECEMBER 2019
Authors: Krismaningrum Veronika Intan , Rahaju Anny Setijo , Herawati Lilik , Soetojo
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the profile of bladder disease in Soetomo General Hospital based on histopathological examination. Material & Methods: This study was using secondary data. Histopathological examination data of patients with bladder disease were evaluated based on age, gender, and histopathological types. Results: There were 419 patients with bladder abnormalities. Non-neoplasm bladder diseases were found in 62 patients consisted of 56 patients (90.32%) with cystitis and 6 patients (9.67%) with glandular cystitis. Neoplastic bladder diseases were found in 357 patients and were divided into benign and malignant neoplasm. Benign neoplasms were found in 11 patients consisted of 5 patients (45.45%) with UP and 6 patients (54.54%) with IUP. Malignant neoplasms were found in 340 patients consisted of 300 patients (88.23%) with urothelial carcinoma, 26 patients (7.64%) with adenocarcinoma, 14 patients (4.12%) with SCC. Moreover, six male patients with PUNLMP were also reported. Conclusion: Histopathological examination in patients with bladder abnormalities shows that neoplastic bladder diseases (357/419, 85.20%) were more common than non-neoplastic bladder disease (62/419, 14.80%).
Counseling on Productive Economic Business Empowerment for the Communities of Muara Kumbang Village, Kandis Sub-District, Ogan Ilir District
Authors: Pratama Akram , Fitria Dinda , Ilham M. , Puput Puput , Zubaidah Zubaidah , Delimawati Delimawati , Fatri Tri , D. Sukaria
Published: January 2022

Empowerment is an effort to create changes in the human environment by using one's own efforts and abilities to meet the needs of life independently. Based on the situation analysis conducted in Muara Kumbang village, Kandis sub-district, Ogan Ilir district, it is very necessary to do community service with the theme of "Empowering Productive Economic Enterprises" (UEP) to improve the community's economic business. The PKM program was held on Tuesday, September 14, 2021 in Muara Kumbang village, Kandis District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. There were 25 participants in the training program. The method used consists of interviews and observations of participants regarding their understanding of the empowerment of productive economic enterprises. The results of the interview revealed that only about 40% of the participants understood it. In the final interview and observation, it showed changes and improvements, namely the increasing number of participants who understood the empowerment of productive economic enterprises, from only 40% to 80%.
Training on Making Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) from Stale Rice in Silaberanti Village, Jakabaring District, Palembang City
Authors: Amir Nurbaiti , Paridawati Ika , Syafrullah Syafrullah , Afriyatna Sisvaberti , Rosianty Yuli
Published: January 2022

Organic fertilizer is the final result of the decomposition of parts or remains of plants and or animals that have undergone engineering, in solid or liquid form. Household waste, one of which is stale rice, is usually thrown away directly into the environment, even though it can still be used, for example, made as liquid organic fertilizer. For this reason, it is necessary to remodel household waste, especially stale rice, into liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing existing local microorganisms. This Community Service aims to provide motivation and knowledge and skills to the community on how to make liquid organic fertilizer from stale rice by utilizing local microorganisms. The location of Community Service was held at RT.28 RW.007 Silaberanti Village, Jakabaring District, Palembang City, on January 30, 2021. The method used was counseling and training to participants on the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from stale rice. The implementation of the activity was attended by 12 participants, who were followed with enthusiasm and discussions and questions and answers during the training. The results of this Community Service show that the service method in the form of counseling, training and question and answer is very appropriate in motivating the community to be able to make liquid organic fertilizer from stale rice.