bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathology study of necrotizing fasciitis with special reference to Fournier’s gangrene
Authors: Brar Navjot , Dhaliwal Jatinder Singh , Singh Amanjot , Bajwa Rajbir
Published: September 2017

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis including Fournier’s gangrene is an uncommon, critically serious infection of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia with relative sparing of the skin and muscle. Despite modern supportive measures, the reported mortality rate still is high and this is due to part to the aggressive nature of the infection. The present study was performed upon 50 patients to study clinicopathology of necrotizing fasciitis with special reference to Fournier’s gangrene. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Surgery ward of SGRD Hospital, for a period of 1 year (1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015). The performa filled for patients with necrotizing fasciitis was designed on the basis of NICE guidelines and details like history, examination, general survey, local examination, systemic examination and investigations, statistical analysis of data done. Results: Necrotizing fasciitis, though it is found at any age but is a disease of middle and old aged adults in this part of the world, being commonest in the 4th, 5th, 6th decades of life and is more common in males. The disease is more common in people with low socio-economic groups with poor personal hygiene, diabetes mellitus and history of drug addiction. Trauma is the most common predisposing factor for the necrotizing fasciitis as a whole whereas idiopathic cause is the most common cause in cases of Fournier’s gangrene. Polymicrobial infection is the most common variety, where in E. coli, Streptococcus, Bacteroids are most commonly isolated. Regarding monobacterial infection streptococcus being the most common. Conclusion: Current study showed increased frequency of necrotizing fasciitis in people aged above 40 years. Diabetes mellitus and other premorbid conditions increase the risk of mortality. Polymicrobial infection in combination of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacteroids and Staphylococcus were the most commonly found. Early debridement, parenteral combined antibiotic and supportive measure formed the basis of treatment. Septicemia was a common complication which was often cause death.
Subdural empyema as a rare complication of sinonasal infection: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Yakar Fatih , Dogan Ihsan , Ozgural Onur , Eroglu Umit , Beton Suha , Unlu Agahan
Published: September 2017

Subdural empyema is a rare complication that causes high morbidity and mortality following sinusitis. Cranial complications should be considered in patients who develop neurological symptoms. These patients need surgery that should be performed by neurological and ear-nose-throat surgeons working together. A 14-year-old girl developed aphasia and hemiparesis from retrograde thrombophlebitis following sinusitis and we planned a two-stage surgery for the patient. In the first step, we drained the empyema by a craniotomy and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In the second step, we drained a mature abscess. The purpose of this paper is to review the surgical and clinical management of intracranial complications from sinonasal infections.
Partial nephrectomy without vessel clamping and hypothermia with conservative management of post-operative bleed in a rural setup: a case report
Authors: Goel Tushar , Batra Ravi , Sharma Kamal
Published: September 2017

Hemorrhage is a well-known complication of partial nephrectomy. The bleeding is usually suspected when a patient presents with haematuria or bloody drain discharge following the procedure. This study’s primary objective is to discuss case of 63-year-old-man incidentally diagnosed with left lower pole kidney mass. USG abdomen was done and a suspicious mass in lower pole of kidney is noticed. CT-urography was done and assessment was made for further management. Patient details were collected by patient’s IPD file. Complete detailed history, patient vitals, hemogram, ABO, with USG abdomen and CT urography was done. Post op CT angiogram was done to evaluate for drain leak. Treatment diagnosis was left lower pole malignant mass. Pre-operative left ureteric catheter placement was done. 11th rib cutting incision was given. The tumour was resected with 1 cm margin. The renal defect was closed with interrupted sutures to the parenchyma. Gerota’s fascia was closed. A Robinson drain was placed and the abdominal wall closed. The case was managed without vessel clamping and hypothermia for clear renal cell carcinoma with post op bleed, successfully identified and managed conservatively, giving another potential management option in non-torrential haemorrhage.
Poland’s syndrome: a rare case report
Authors: S. Reshma , R. Vijai , N. Chakarvarthy
Published: September 2017

Poland’s syndrome is a rare congenital condition. It is classically characterized by absence of unilateral chest wall muscles and sometimes ipsilateral symbrachydactyly (abnormally short and webbed fingers). The condition typically presents with unilateral absence of the sternal or breast bone portion of the pectoralis major muscle which may or may not be associated with the absence of nearby musculoskeletal structures. We report a 25-year-old male patient with typical features of Poland’s syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a patient with Poland’s syndrome reported from Chennai.
Adult ileocolic intususception: a case report
Authors: Kumar Yadav Akhilesh , Goel Tushar , Thawait Anand , Dwivedi Sankalp
Published: September 2017

Intussusception is defined as the pathology in which a segment of intestine telescopes into the adjoining intestinal lumen. Ileocolic accounts for 75% of all cases of intussusception. The average age of affected adults is between 50 and 60 years old and it occurs more often in women. The higher percentage of intussusception in adults (65%) occurs due to malignant or benign neoplasms. Appendix is part of intussusception of commonest ileocolic type but appendix as lead point for intussusception is rare. Patient details were collected by patient’s IPD file. Complete detailed history, patient vitals, hemogram, ABO, with X-ray Abd erect, USG abdomen and CECT abdomen was done. Post-OP patient was followed by USG review. 60-year-old female diagnosed and operated as for ileocolic intussusception with appendix as lead point. Ileo transverse anastomosis was performed with hemicolectomy involving the terminal ileum along with caecum and ascending colon. Post op patient did well passed stools on 5th day. Intussusception is a pathology in which a segment of intestine telescopes into the adjoining intestinal lumen causing intestinal obstruction. Intussusception are two types antegrade and retrograde. CT scan and colonoscopy, which provide an accurate diagnosis, allowed the best surgical choice in the hands of an experienced surgeon.
Giant viable isolated hydatid cyst of lung and liver with successful surgical outcome in rural setup: a case report
Authors: Goel Tushar , Sharma Ankit , Dwivedi Sankalp , Singal Sameer
Published: September 2017

Hydatid disease has been known since the time of Hippocrates. Hydatid disease is a worldwide parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus Granulosus characterized by cystic lesions mostly in the liver and lungs with fewer in other parts of the body. Patient details were collected by patient’s IPD file. Complete detailed history, patient vitals, haemogram, ABO, with USG abdomen thorax and CECT chest and upper abdomen was done. Post operatively the outcome was followed by USG R/v and Chest X ray. Treatment diagnosis was giant viable hydatid cyst lung and liver. Right thoracotomy with 5th rib cutting incision was given. Cyst was visualized and managed along with repair of bronchopleural fistula. Hydatid liver was operated later after 3 weeks as elective Surgery. Post-operative period was uneventful with successful outcome. The case was managed successfully by surgical intervention. Surgery remains the choice of complete evacuation of hydatid cyst. Non-complicated hydatid cysts have a good prognosis regardless of their size. Regular follow-up is usually advised to prevent recurrence and spread.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma right breast: a rare case report
Authors: V. Shruthikamal , S. Reshma , S. Rajesh
Published: September 2017

Adenoid Cystic carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm accounting for 0.1% of breast carcinomas, and presenting most commonly as a painful breast lump.  In contrast to the aggressive nature of adenoid cystic carcinoma at other sites, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast has a favourable prognosis, lymph node involvement or distant metastases seldom occur.  Treatment is basically of modified radical mastectomy. Chemotherapy, radio therapy and hormonal treatment have been infrequently used.  We report a case of 60 years old woman with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right breast managed with MRM.
IJV Phlebectasia: an approach algorithm
Authors: Rao Karthik N. , Chavan Shrinivas S. , Kale Vitthal D. , Hekare Amol , Sylendran Archana , Khond Abishek
Published: September 2017

Internal jugular venous (IJV) Phlebectasia are rare disorders. It is generally diagnosed at an early age, usually unidentified or misdiagnosed or ignored because of the scarcity of the knowledge on the disorder. We encountered a case of 7-year-old child with a right sided intermittent neck swelling which mimicked as an external laryngocele. But, the diagnosis of IJV Phlebectasia was made on “dynamic” ultrasound (USG) doppler study. Cervical adenopathy, mediastinal masses, tuberculosis and certain syndromes of connective tissue disorders were ruled out. The child was managed conservatively with parents and the child being educated about disorder.
Patterns and determinants of health care spending in denizens of urban slums from peri-industrial area of Hyderabad
Authors: Gaiki Varun Vijay , Khardekar Manasi , Kokiwar Prashant , Katkuri Sushma , Zare V. R.
Published: September 2017

Background: Dream of universal health coverage cannot be possible with huge burden of out of pocket expenditures, common in our community. Here attempt was made to find out the pattern of expenditure towards health in the people residing around the field practice area of concerned medical college. Methods: Community based cross sectional survey with predesigned and pretested questionnaire, with stratified random sampling, total of 257 study participants were included in study, which was initiated after ethical clearance and with informed oral consent. Results: With majority in lower socio economic class, 33.85% of population was found to be beneficiaries of one of the other Health insurance, provided through social security measures. On an average, families were spending Rs. 770.08 (±956.24) for monthly health related expenses. This high variation in was observed due to difference in the constitutional structure of families. Outpatient expenses had least burden on families (154.26 (±99.90)) followed by in patient expenses, which included day care for various minor elements. More than 60% reported catastrophic Health expenses, resulting in variety of financial issues in family. Conclusions: Huge burden of OOPE exists in the study area and at the same time, health care expenditure resulting in catastrophic expenses is high. The need of society to provide healthcare at subsidised rates including medicines is emphasised, which to be considered while implementing any policy decision.
Reformas institucionais e financiamento de longo prazo na economia brasileira: o debate sobre o PAEG
Authors: Ferrari Vinícius Eduardo
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo visa reconstituir o debate entre economistas acerca da incapacidade do PAEG (Plano de Ação Econômica do Governo) em conformar uma base sólida de financiamento de longo prazo privada e nacional para a economia brasileira após o Golpe Militar de 1964. A ideia, portanto, é contrastar duas interpretações divergentes a respeito do fracasso do projeto dos bancos de investimento que visava prover novas fontes de financiamento para os investimento produtivos das empresas brasileiras.Conclui-se que, para os gestores do PAEG, a continuidade da inflação, o estatismo do mercado financeiro e a escassez de poupança impossibilitaram a expansão dos fundos privados de longo prazo. Por sua vez, os críticos do PAEG ressaltam que poupança não constitui pré-condição para a expansão do crédito. Assim, o fracasso da tentativa de dinamização dos empréstimos de longo prazo decorre de alguns traços estruturais do desenvolvimento capitalista brasileiro (tais como a baixa propensão das empresas privadas nacionais e estrangeiras ao uso de recursos de terceiros para financiar o investimento) e da opção política do Governo Castello Branco pela aliança com o capital financeiro internacional.
Uma década de consolidação da Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais no Brasil (2004-2014)
Authors: Tostes Ana Paula , Silva Lucca Viersa
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this article is to contribute empirically to the measurement of the current stage of development of the specific field of international relations in the context of the Human Sciences, throughout the decade of its consolidation, that is, between 2004 and 2014. The hypothesis is that the growth rate of the consolidation period does not support the same proportion of development, however its measurement contributes to the analysis of the scenario and future perspective.
Church libraries in West Siberia in the XIX- XX centuries
Authors: Eremeeva O. I. , Murashova N. A.
Published: September 2017

Church libraries played a great role in spreading knowledge at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. Parish libraries included the latest literature of an educational character. The diocesan library stocks contained books on history, pedagogy and other sciences. Libraries of theological seminaries had more extensive literature list in foreign languages. Libraries of religious schools besides books had periodicals. A huge contribution to developing the librarianship in Siberia had religious brotherhoods, which opened libraries and reading rooms as well.
Pedagogical conditions of forming librarian’s professional culture
Authors: Kurilenko E. A. , Turanina N. A.
Published: September 2017

This article is devoted to the professional culture of specialists, who work in the librarian information sphere. The diagnostics of professional culture level conducted as anonymous questioning was carried on among the students studying the course 51.03.06 «Librarian information activity» and young librarians, which results have revealed insufficiency of their professional competences. The study purpose is enhancing the professional culture of specialist in the library-information field. The research objectives are: to define the concept «professional culture», to analyze a problem of pedagogical conditions in contemporary science, to substantiate the necessity of introducing new organizational pedagogical conditions in the training process of bachelors - future librarians, to work out an organizational pedagogical condition - a content of training special course aimed to solving the problem of insufficiency of librarians’ professional culture. The authors have suggested an organizational pedagogical condition: introducing a special course «Professional culture of specialist of the librarian-information sphere» in the curriculum of some groups. Its content is designed to develop actively future librarians’ professional culture and to master their theoretical and practical competences. The special course content is based on the recognition of professional culture as universalizable characteristics of various types of library-information activities and library communications that reflect the fullness and diversity of professional interests and needs, value orientations, capabilities and abilities of a librarian professional. Thematic sections of the special course are defined in accordance with modern requirements to the culture of a specialist who fulfills specific kinds of librarian activities: pedagogical, bibliographic, innovative, methodical, communicative, and also librarian information serving, etc.
Manuscripts in V. A. Zhukovsky’s collection associated with the name of Cesarevich Alexander Nikolayevich
Authors: Esipova V. A.
Published: September 2017

The article considers five manuscripts related to the name of Cesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, which nowadays are stored in V.A. Zhukovsky’s collection of Tomsk State University Research Library (Tomsk, Russia). It gives brief manuscripts descriptions, as well as information about their authors; describes some aspects of Cesarevich and his tutor relationships reflected in the manuscripts stories. One manuscript belonged to Cesarevich is devoted to describing the composition and administrative structure of the Russian Empire. Its content and presentation character correspond to educational principles preached by Zhukovsky: «It is better less, but well learnt, than much, but poorly learnt». Another manuscript «Brief review of the Comissariat in historical and statistical aspects» is devoted to the history of the Comissariat Department of the Military Ministry. Probably, its author was S. Shipov, who expected to present the manuscript to Cesarevich; the dedication to hum is seen at the beginning of the text. However, for different reasons, the presentation did not take place, and the manuscript remained in Zhukovsky’s library. One more manuscript was also intended for presenting to Cesarevich. It is «The feeling of a Russian on the return of the adored Sovereign heir from a voyage across Russia». Two more manuscripts from Zhukovsky’s library were written with the same handwriting: «The Sacred Tribute of a Russian or Patriotic Offering» and «A Lost Mortgage or Half an Hour of Testing». The author hypothizes that all three manuscripts are associated with the name of a serf self-taught poet S. Sibiryakov, whose fate was actively paticipated by Zhukovsky. Thus, three manuscripts from Zhukovsky’s library can be viewed as related to Cesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich. They allowed imagining various aspects of the relationships between the Cesarevich and his tutor. One of them is the education of attitudes toward charity as a civil act. It is also evident that the books of the Romanovs dynasty representatives could be deposited not only in their personal or palace libraries, but some copies could be included in book collections of persons, close to the Tsar family.
Educational reading of Siberian and Far Eastern population in the late XX - early XXI centuries
Authors: Timofeeva Yu. V.
Published: September 2017

The article is devoted to reading modification, which is most widespread today, educational reading. For the first time educational reading of Siberian and Far Eastern residents became a subject of an independent research. Its importance to develop a personality, society, state is reasoned. The author considers the corpus making educational reading, to which refers textbooks, manuals, reference books, encyclopedias, fiction according to school curricula and other editions that addressing is related to educational activity. The audience of educational reading is revealed and characterized, its age and gender structure is defined. Children, teenagers, youth entered it by age criterion, mainly women by a gender one. Pupils made the most group of users of municipal and state libraries on number. Among them senior school children more often addressed to libraries for preparation to classes. Requests for educational literature averaged from 60 to 90% of all requirements in municipal libraries of the region. Author's definitions of the term «educational reading» are offered to a scientific community for discussion.
Book publishing in Vyatka region in the early XX century
Authors: Pershina Yu. V.
Published: September 2017

The Russian government in the field of extracurricular education in the early XX century persuded certain goals: preserving the state foundations inviolability, spreading the Orthodoxy tenets, raising the people cultural level. These objectives were being realized through book publishing. The public policy conductors were the governor administration, Vyatka diocese. The local territorial self-government played a certain role. The article purpose is to consider the Russian state policy specifics on development of book publishing in the early XX century implemented in Vyatka region. The study objectives are: to identify ways and methods of implementing the government policy on adult education in the specified field of activity; to show the role of local and territorial self-government and Vyatka diocese in developing the regional book publishing. The author uses historical-typological and historical-systematic methods; a historical-genetic technique is applied to identify the dynamics and historical perspective of Vyatka territorial self-government power and bodies activities in the printing field. An aggregative method makes it possible to collect the scattered facts and make a complete judgment on the studied subject. From the author’s viewpoint, cultural-historical and anthropological approaches allow highlighting the main policy objective of the Russian empire government on book publishing development in the early XX century, realized by Vyatka provincial authorities and local self-government bodies, which was to increase the population spiritual culture level. According to the census of 1897, only 21% of the population was literate, while the literacy rate for men in 1913 grew to 40%. By the beginning of 1913 the number of literate peasants in Vyatka province reached nearly 667 000 people. The Vyatka governor administration, the police sought to control colporteurs-ofens’ work. The aboriginal translation сommission has functioned in the province. A major role in organizating the book trade in Vyatka region played a warehouse created by the provincial zemstvo in 1894. In 1913 the provincial government agreed to its abolition. In the 1970s Vyatka provincial zemstvo undertook publishing activity. The local territorial self-government and Vyatka diocese showed themselves the most active in the sphere of people extracurricular education and book business in Vyatka province in the early XX century. The protective function dominated in Vyatka government activities.
Information resources of social sciences. The experience in monitoring organizing
Authors: Antopol’Sky A. B.
Published: September 2017

The article describes the method to monitor information resources of a social-humanitarian profile available to organizations subordinated to the Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations. The monitoring feature is its comprehensive character including both traditional and electronic resources. The paper presents the monitoring prior results on main categories of information resources.
Topical issues of dissertations’ references on architecture as an information resource to support research in architectural science
Authors: Komarova I. I. , Tretyakov A. L.
Published: September 2017

Studying the architectural science bibliography has shown that during 150 years of its history few indices have been created, and recent decades almost all architectural bibliography has not gone beyond the framework of the nation-wide index «Chronicles of Book Chamber». This article examines the fundamental nature of bibliographic science for purposes of architectural research. The article objective is determining ways of architectural bibliography development and generating a unified database of architectural knowledge in the context of contemporary socio-economic and socio-cultural realities. It considers defended dissertations on specialty «Architecture»; describes information resources containing in their thesis structure on the subject area. Attention is focused on the distribution of defended dissertations by years, cities and thematic nests. The paper has revealed thesis devoted to the theory and history of foreign architecture. It emphasizes the need of further large-scale research with an analysis of the entire spectrum of human knowledge, which includes dissertations related to architectural science. The authors conclude: 1. There is no complete systematically presented unified catalog of dissertations on architecture, including resources of the Russian Book Chamber. 2. It is necessary to create such resource, which would satisfy the information needs of different groups of users.
Significance Tests for Binomial Experiments: Ordering the Sample Space by Bayes Factors and Using Adaptive Significance Levels for Decisions
Authors: Pereira Carlos A. de B. , Polpo Adriano , Nakano Eduardo Y.
Published: September 2017

The main objective of this paper is to find a close link between the adaptive level of significance, presented here, and the sample size. We, statisticians, know of the inconsistency, or paradox, in the current classical tests of significance that are based on p-value statistics that is compared to the canonical significance levels (10%, 5% and 1%): "Raise the sample to reject the null hypothesis" is the recommendation of some ill-advised scientists! This paper will show that it is possible to eliminate this problem of significance tests. The Bayesian Lindley's paradox – "increase the sample to accept the hypothesis" – also disappears. Obviously, we present here only the beginning of a possible prominent research. The intention is to extend its use to more complex applications such as survival analysis, reliability tests and other areas. The main tools used here are the Bayes Factor and the extended Neyman-Pearson Lemma.
Evaluation of Electrical Tree Degradation in Cable Insulation using Weibull Process of Propagation Time
Authors: Jang Donguk , Park Seonghee
Published: September 2017

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate electrical treeing degradation for cable insulation. To effectively deal with the currently facing issues, I endeavor to find the most optimal methods by means of applying signal process. First, we made three type models of electrical tree for PD generation to show the distribution characteristics and applied voltage to acquire data by using a PD detecting system. These acquired data presented distribution and four 2D distributions. Hn(q), Hn(), Hqn(), and Hqmax() were derived from the distribution of partial discharge. From the analysis of these distributions, each PD model is proved to hold its unique characteristics and the results were then applied as basic specific qualities for insulation conditions. In order to recognize the progresses of an electrical tree, we proposed methods using scale parameter by means of Weibull distribution. We measured the time of tree propagation for 16 specimens of each model from initiation stage, middle stage, and breakdown respectively, using these breakdown data, we estimated the shape parameter, scale parameter and MTTF(Mean Time To Failure). The results of this study recognize the sources of PD by applying acquired data from PD signals to pre-acquired data. If the cause of PD is degradation, in other words, electrical tree, we can determine the replacement time of devices at the initiation stage of tree growth progress or no later than the middle stage and use it as a basic methods analysis diagnosis system. That is, pattern recognition and Weibull distribution can be employed to get the reliability of diagnosis.
KAJIAN PELAYANAN BUS ANTAR KOTA DALAM PROPINSI UNTUK MENGAKOMODASI PERMINTAAN PERJALANAN PENGGUNA BUSDI TERMINAL TIRTONADI SURAKARTA
Authors: Novitasari Vera , Nurhadi Kuswanto , Andini Isti
Published: September 2017

Abstract:Surakarta city has a transport network nodes or terminals, Terminal Tirtonadi. The existence of a passenger bus fleet AKAP and AKDP continued to decline from 2010 to 2013 while in one day, the bus terminal Tirtonadi approximately 6000 people conducting the transportation of various routes stretch. This is due to AKAP bus services and AKDP less well from the bus waiting time is too long and less regular bus arrival. This study is expected performance of the bus at Terminal Tirtonadi accommodate travel demand bus users can be known. Approach to research conducted using quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques done several ways including field survey and survey institution. The sampling technique used in conducting this research is quota sampling, sampling amount taken is 360 pieces. In the analysis performed it is known among other things, on weekdays for operational performance bus at the bus terminal bus performance Tirtonadi gained some less appropriate among other cost, bus waiting time and comfort level. As for the bus performance is the perception by the bus, it was concluded that all buses operating performance is moderate, not too good or not too bad. For the holidays, obtained operational performance bus at Terminal Tirtonadi there are some who do not fit between the other rates, waiting times, and the comfort level. As for the bus performance is the perception by the bus, it was concluded that all buses operating performance is moderate, not too good or not too bad.

 
Keyworsd:AKDP Buses, Bus operating performance, Terminal Tirtonadi
NIED’s V-net, the Fundamental Volcano Observation Network in Japan
Authors: Tanada Toshikazu , Ueda Hideki , Nagai Masashi , Ukawa Motoo ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
Published: September 2017

In response to the recommendation of the Council for Science and Technology (Subdivision on Geodesy and Geophysics), the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) constructed a network of stations to observe 11 volcanoes: Tokachidake, Usuzan, Tarumaesan, Hokkaido-Komagatake, Iwatesan, Kusatsu-Shiranesan, Asamayama, Asosan, Kirishimayama, Unzendake, and Kuchinoerabujima. At each new station, a borehole seismograph and tiltmeter, a broadband seismograph, and a GNSS (GPS) were installed. Now, NIED has established 55 stations at 16 volcanoes, adding five volcanoes, namely, Izu- Oshima, Miyakejima, Ogasawara Iwoto, Mt. Fuji and Nasu-dake, and has constructed a new volcano observation network linking the 11 original volcanoes. NIED calls the combination of the new and earlier network the fundamental volcano observation network (V-net).

Under a fully open policy, data from the borehole seismographs and tiltmeters, broadband seismographs, rain gauges, barometers,and quartz thermometers in the pressure vessels of the borehole seismographs and tiltmeters are distributed to institutes such as the Japan Meteorological Agency and universities in real time over NIED’s conventional seismic observation data distribution system. GNSS (GPS) data are regularly distributed to relevant research institutes, such as the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, using file transfer protocol (FTP). In addition, since everyone can use these data for the promotion of volcano research and volcanic disaster prevention, it is now possible to view seismic waves and download data from NIED’s website.
Assimilation Impact of Different GPS Analysis Methods on Precipitation Forecast: A Heavy Rainfall Case Study of Kani City, Gifu Prefecture on July 15, 2010
Authors: Shimizu Shingo , Shimada Seiichi , Tsuboki Kazuhisa ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan,   Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Published: September 2017

In this study, we examined variations in predicted precipitable water produced from different Global Positioning System (GPS) zenith delay methods, and assessed the corresponding difference in predicted rainfall after assimilating the obtained precipitable water data. Precipitable water data estimated from the GPS and three-dimensional horizontal wind velocity field derived from the X-band dual polarimetric radar were assimilated in CReSS and rainfall forecast experiments were conducted for the heavy rainfall system in Kani City, Gifu Prefecture on July 15, 2010. In the GPS analysis, a method to simultaneously estimate coordinates and zenith delay, i.e., the simultaneous estimation method, and a method to successively estimate coordinates and zenith delay, i.e., the successive estimation method, were used to estimate precipitable water. The differences generated from using predicted orbit data provided in pseudo-real time from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service for geodynamics (IGS) versus precise orbit data released after a 10-day delay were examined. The change in precipitable water due to varying the analysis methods was larger than that due to the type of satellite orbit information. In the rainfall forecast experiments, those using the successive estimation method results had a better precision than those using the simultaneous estimation method results. Both methods that included data assimilation had higher rainfall forecast precisions than the forecast precision without precipitable water assimilation. Water vapor obtained from GPS analysis is accepted as important in rainfall forecasting, but the present study showed additional improvements can be attained from incorporating a zenith delay analysis method.
Analysis of the 6 September 2015 Tornadic Storm Around the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Using Coupled 3DVAR and Incremental Analysis Updates
Authors: Shimose Ken-ichi ,   Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Division, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Shimizu Shingo , Kato Ryohei , Iwanami Koyuru
Published: September 2017

This study reports preliminary results from the three-dimensional variational method (3DVAR) with incremental analysis updates (IAU) of the surface wind field, which is suitable for real-time processing. In this study, 3DVAR with IAU was calculated for the case of a tornadic storm using 500-m horizontal grid spacing with updates every 10 min, for 6 h. Radial velocity observations by eight X-band multi-parameter Doppler radars and three Doppler lidars around the Tokyo Metropolitan area, Japan, were used for the analysis. In this study, three types of analyses were performed between 1800 to 2400 LST (local standard time: UTC + 9 h) 6 September 2015. The first used only 3DVAR (3DVAR), the second used 3DVAR with IAU (3DVAR+IAU), and the third analysis did not use data assimilation (CNTL). 3DVAR+IAU showed the best accuracy of the three analyses, and 3DVAR alone showed the worst accuracy, even though the background was updated every 10 min. Sharp spike signals were observed in the time series of wind speed at 10 m AGL, analyzed by 3DVAR, strongly suggesting that a “shock” was caused by dynamic imbalance due to the instantaneous addition of analysis increments to the background wind components. The spike signal was not shown in 3DVAR+IAU analysis, therefore, we suggest that the IAU method reduces the shock caused by the addition of analysis increments. This study provides useful information on the most suitable DA method for the real-time analysis of surface wind fields.
Proposal on Measure Against Cyberattack on the Basis of Recent Trend
Authors: Sato Naoshi ,   Research and Development Institute, Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we discuss the current situation and problems of cyberattacks from multiple viewpoints, and propose a guideline for future countermeasures. First, we provide an overview of some trends in cyberattacks using various survey data and reports. Next, we examine a new cyberattack countermeasure to control Internet use and propose a specific guideline. Specifically, we propose an Internet user qualification system as a policy to maintain cyber security and discuss ways to realize the system, the expected effects, and problems to be solved.
On the Complexity of Cybersecurity Exercises Proportional to Preparedness
Authors: Aoyama Tomomi , Nakano Toshihiko , Koshijima Ichiro , Hashimoto Yoshihiro , Watanabe Kenji ,   Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan,   Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to illustrate how exercises can play the role of a driving power to improve an organization’s cyber security preparedness. The degree of cyber security preparedness varies significantly among organizations. This implies that training and exercises must be tailored to specific capabilities. In this paper, we review the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework that formalizes the concept of tier, which measures the degree of preparedness. Subsequently, we examine the types of exercises available in the literature and propose guidelines that assign specific exercise types, aims, and participants to each level of preparedness. The proposed guideline should facilitate the reinforcement of cybersecurity risk management practices, reduce resource misuse, and lead to a smooth improvement of capabilities.
Validation of a low-cost wireless sensors node for museum environmental monitoring
Authors: D'Alvia Livio , Palermo Eduardo , Rossi Stefano , Del Prete Zaccaria
Published: September 2017

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been adopted in many contexts, such as healthcare or industry. In museum scenarios, WSN has been introduced for environmental monitoring, to control temperature and relative humidity. Nowadays, the development of low-cost micro-scale sensing units, opened to new possibilities for WSN development, enlarging the set of feasible measurements to gaseous pollutant concentration, relative humidity, temperature, light intensity, air flow, or vibration.

This work is part of the overarching goal of developing a low-cost and minimally invasive WSN designed for a museum scenario. The proposed WSN node, based on a ZigBee standard, gathers signals provided by: a 9-axis MIMU, a sensor for temperature and relative humidity, and three gas detection boards. In this paper, specifically, we present performances of the WSN node in detecting: structure tilt, vibrations, and daily cycle of humidity, temperature, and gas deposition.
Photons and electrons for the study of a white veil covering some walls in prehistoric caves
Authors: Chapoulie Rémy , Bassel Léna , Mauran Guilhem , Ferrier Catherine , Queffelec Alain , Lacanette Delphine , Malaurent Philippe , Bousquet Bruno , Motto-Ros Vincent , Trichard Florian , Pelascini Frédéric , Rodriguez Vincent
Published: September 2017

Our research deals with the evolution of wall surfaces in prehistoric caves. The focus of this paper is dedicated to the structural and chemical characterization of a white concretion partially covering some walls in caves. In one of the caves, a non-ornate one which became a laboratory-cave (the Leye cave at Marquay, Dordogne, France) located in the Vézère valley, a set of physical methods has been proposed and tested on the first samples taken: SEM-EDXS, cathodoluminescence and laser-based techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and LIBS. Thus two facies mainly composed of calcium carbonate crystals have been determined: moonmilk and coralloids. The identification of theses crystalline phases is the first step of an ambitious research project that plans to understand the development of unexpected layers on the cave walls of the famous ornate caves listed as part of the UNESCO cultural heritage sites. This first set of data provides good insight to the structure  and the physico-chemical composition of the involved materials. Future works will be dedicated to bring knowledge about the facies chronology, the climatic conditions of environment (temperature, CO2 rate and air velocities) over a long period.
MODEL PENDUGAAN LUAS DAUN TANAMAN KORO PEDANG (Canavalia ensiformis)
Authors: Sutoro Sutoro
Published: September 2017

Luas daun merupakan karakter tanaman yang penting untuk mempelajari aspek agronomi dan fisiologi. Pendugaan luas daun menggunakan peubah panjang dan lebar daun telah banyak digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan model penduga luas daun tanaman Koro pedang. Daun contoh bagian atas, tengah dan bawah tanaman diambil dari 10 tanaman Koro pedang yang dipilih secara acak dari pertanaman rejuvenasi benih plasma nutfah Koro pedang di kebun percobaan Cikeumeuh, Bogor. Pendugaan luas daun tanaman Koro pedang tiap tangkai (Y) dapat menggunakan Y = 2,6134 PLia (PLia=hasil kali peubah panjang dan lebar helai daun sebelah kiri atau kanan). Pendugaan luas daun dapat juga menggunakan peubah daun helai tengah dengan penduga Y=2,1774 PLt (PLt=panjang x lebar helai daun tengah). Metode pendugaan luas daun tanaman Koro pedang ini dapat digunakan dalam penelitian agronomi dan fisiologi tanaman yang mengukur luas daun tanpa harus memotong daun dari tanaman dan juga pada penelitian lapang yang jauh dari fasilitas pengukuran luas daun otomatis.
KARAKTER MORFOLOGI, HASIL DAN MUTU LIMA AKSESI NILAM DI TIGA AGROEKOLOGI
Authors: Haryudi Wawan , Suhesti Sri
Published: September 2017

Produktivitas nilam Indonesia relatif rendah dan beragam antar sentra produksi. Dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas nilam Indonesia, Balittro melakukan beberapa kegiatan pemuliaan nilam hasil eksplorasi dan diperoleh 25 aksesi. Dari 25 aksesi tersebut sudah dikarakterisasi, evaluasi dan seleksi terpilih lima aksesi nilam yang berpotensi produksi dan mutu tinggi sehingga dilakukan penelitian di tiga lokasi yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga agroekologi yaitu Bogor, Subang dan Sukabumi mulai Maret – Desember 2011, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi, hasil dan mutu lima aksesi nilam di tiga agroekologi. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 5 ulangan dan 5 perlakuan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah 5 aksesi nilam yaitu : GR3, GR4, PWK 1, BRS, CLP dan varietas Sidikalang sebagai kontrol. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakter pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutu. Karakter pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang primer, sekunder dan jumlah daun. Karakter komponen hasil yaitu bobot basah dan bobot kering dan karakter mutu yaitu kadar minyak atsiri dan kadar patchouli alcohol. Data dianalisis secara statistik. Apabila hasil uji Anova nyata, maka akan diteruskan dengan uji lanjut DMRT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara sifat genetik tanaman dan lingkungan tempat tubuh, terutama pada karakter pertumbuhan dan produksi yaitu karakter berat basah, berat kering, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang primer, jumlah cabang sekunder, lebar tajuk utara selatan dan barat timur, diameter batang dan lebar daun. Tinggi tanaman, tebal daun, panjang tangkai daun, dan panjang daun stabil, ditunjukkan dengan tidak nyatanya interaksi genotipe dengan lingkungan. Karakter mutu di tiga lokasi sangat bervariasi, di lokasi Bogor kadar minyak atsiri tertinggi pada aksesi PWK (2,45%) dengan patchouli alcohol 35,39 %. Sukabumi kadar minyak tertinggi pada aksesi CLP (2,03%) kadar patchouli alcohol 39,70. Di Subang kadar minyak atsiri aksesi PWK (2,56%) dengan kadar patchouli alcohol 39,70%.
PENENTUAN KEBUTUHAN NITROGEN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogeae L.) DI LAHAN KERING MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: M Takdir Mulyadi
Published: September 2017

Most people in Maluku Islands have long used non-rice food consumption, especially tuber crops and maize. The development of diversification of non-rice food consumption certainly needs to be supported by the availability of adaptive crop cultivation technology to climate change. Cropping pattern is one of the appropriate steps for smallholder farmer to increase land productivity. An experiment of maize/peanut intercropping pattern had been conducted to determine optimum Nitrogen (N) rate for maize at different planting spacings in intercropping pattern with peanut in dryland of Makariki Village, Central Maluku. The experiments were arranged in a Split Plot Design with 3 (three) replicates. The main plot was maize spacing, namely: (i) J1 = 80 x 25 cm, 6 rows of maize, 2 rows of peanut, (ii) J2 = 160 x 25 cm, 3 rows of maize, 4 rows of peanut, and (iii) J3 = 240 x 25 cm, 2 rows of maize, 6 rows of peanut. The sub-plot was N rate (kg/ha), namely: (i) N0 = 0-0-0, (ii) N1 = 45-50-60, (iii) N2 = 90-50-60, (iv) N3 = 135-50-60, and (v) N4 = 180-50-60. The results showed that plant height, cob circle and yield of maize grown at different planting spacings in intercropping patterns in Makariki, Central Maluku affected by N fertilizer application. The application of N fertilizer increased growth and yield of maize by following a quadratic pattern. The use of maize spacing of J1 (80 x 25 cm) in intercropping with peanut requires the addition of the optimum N rate of 302 kg urea/ha, which gave the highest maize yield (t/ha) compared with other planting spacings.
PEMANFAATAN MODEL PROYEKSI IKLIM DAN SIMULASI TANAMAN DALAM PENGUATAN ADAPTASI SISTEM PERTANIAN PADI TERHADAP PENURUNAN PRODUKTIVITAS AKIBAT PERUBAHAN IKLIM: STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG, JAWA BARAT
Authors: A Candradijaya
Published: September 2017

Despite the well-documented model-simulated adverse climate change impact on rice yields reported elsewhere, interventions to address the issue seem to be still limited, particularly at local level. This links to the uncertainty that entails to climate projection and its likely future impact, which varies across regions and climate models. The study analyzes climate change-induced rice yield reduction and the adequacy of current adaptations, to cope with a large range of impact under various climate models. Seventeen General Circulation Models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) climate change with scenarios of RCP8.5 and RCP4.5, combined with CROPWAT model for near-future (2011-2040) and far-future (2041-2070) projections. The study was conducted in November-December 2013, in Ujungjaya Subdistrict, the District of Sumedang. The output confirms yield reduction to occur in the near-future, to the extent variable across the GCMs. At the highest estimation, rice yield decreases by 32.00% and 31.81%, in comparison to baseline, for near-future under RCP8.5 and RCP4.5, respectively. The reduction extends, with a slightly higher degree, to the far-future. The reduction is sensitive to variation in farming practices of the local farmers, in particular that in planting time and irrigation scheduling. The shifting of planting time to better match rainfall pattern reduces the rice yield by 12.95% for rainfed and 14.07% for the irrigated farming. Meanwhile, improved irrigation scheduling reduces the yield reduction by 16.16%. The findings provide valuable inputs for relevant authorities to understand the climate change-induced rice yield reduction, and to formalate intervention strategies for spesific-location adaptation.