bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoemulsions Drug Delivery System: Preparations Techniques In Vitro Characterization and Pharmaceutical Application
Authors: Alobaidy Rafid A. Rasool , Rajab Nawal A. , Haider Adawiya J.
Published: May 2021

Nano-emulsions are a novel drug delivery system, in which mix two immiscible liquids, normally oil and water with the addition a proper surfactant and co-surfactant to obtain a single uniform phase, in many cases must be used more than one surfactant to improve the stability of nanoemulsion, in this survey consideration is focused to provide brief information about the formulation, a strategy of preparation, characterization procedure, evaluation parameter as particle size, polydispersity, drug content, zeta potential, and different application of nanoemulsion, it is thermodynamically unsteady colloidal dispersion systems having an average droplet size which ranges from 10 to 200 nm, the decrease in a bead size to nanoscale leads to alter in physical properties such as uncommon elastic behavior and optical transparency and get better bioavailability and good targeting. The formulation of O/W nanoemulsion where hydrophobic drugs are dissolved within the oil phase consider the common approach of nanoemulsion utilization in biomedical application. The essential thought behind these formulations is that nanodroplets act as a medium to transport hydrophobic drugs. The advantage of nanodroplets when compared to the bigger droplet sized emulsions is the upgraded stability and progressed pharmacological activity nanoemulsions have broad applications in numerous areas other than pharmaceutics, like in cosmetics, nourishment and other applications owing to many benefits of nanoemulsion as higher stability versus coalescence, lack of harmfulness or irritant effect, minimal viscosity, good appearance, as well as the flexibility of formulation like liquids, creams in addition to sprays.
Influence of the Kind and the Shape of Insulating Materials on the Mechanical Properties of the Composites Plaster- Granular Cork and Plaster- Fiber Alpha
Authors: Maaloufa Youssef , Mounir Soumia , Abdelhamid Khabbazi , El Harrouni Khalid
Published: May 2021

The objective of our work is to study the influence of nature and the shape of the insulating materials on the mechanical performance of composites based on plaster. The study aims to increase the thermal performance of the building envelope and the same time maintains sufficient mechanical properties of the composites studied. Plaster was combined with two additives (alpha fiber and granular cork). A physical and mechanical characterization of the composites plaster-fiber alpha and plaster-cork was carried on. Authors obtained an important gain in term of lightness 27 % concerning the composite plaster-fiber alpha, however for the composite plaster-cork, the value is 34 %. Concerning the mechanical properties, authors found a decrease in flexural strength of 60 % for the plaster-cork, and an increase of 33 % for the plaster-alpha fiber. For the compressive strength, a reduce of 87 % for the plaster-alpha fiber and 80% for the plaster-cork was observed. Those finding are justified by the scanning microscopic electron tests which show the distribution of the two insulators and adhesion within the plaster matrix.
Assessment of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from Different Brands of Window Air-Conditioners
Authors: Odunlami Olayemi Abosede , Chinyelugo J.N. , Elehinafe Francis Boluwaji , Fajobi Muyiwa Adedapo , Ayoola A.A.
Published: May 2021

Electrical appliances have been suspected to contribute harmful pollutants to the atmosphere hence reducing the quality of outdoor ambient air, this suspicion has given rise to environmentalists carrying out research to determine whether these appliances are pollutant free or not. In the course of this research, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions were assessed from the outdoor part of window air-conditioners. Eight window air-conditioners of four prominent brands labeled as A1, A2, A3 and A4 were identified. The air from the outdoor part of the window air-conditioner was monitored for one hour with readings taken at two minutes intervals using the MSA Altair Xcell 5X Gas Sensor. Raw data of results were obtained for the eight window air-conditioners and they were analysed to obtain the daily, weekly, monthly and yearly contributions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide to the atmosphere. The yearly contributions of carbon monoxide for each brand was 15360.00 ppm for A1, 15360.00 ppm for A2, 7680.00 ppm for A3 and 5760.00 ppm for A4 while the hydrogen sulfide contributions for each of the brands was 3840.00 ppm for A1, 1920.00 ppm for A2, 0.00 ppm for A3 and 0.00 ppm for A4. From the results obtained, A1window air conditioner had the highest contribution to both carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the atmosphere.
Clinical profile and risk factors for mortality among COVID-19 inpatients at a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Marimuthu Yamini , Kunnavil Radhika , Anil NS , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Satyanarayana N , Kumar Jeetendra , Ramya Bojja
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is an emerging viral disease affecting more than 200 countries worldwide and it present with varied clinical profile throughout the world. Without effective drugs to cure COVID-19, early identification and control of risk factors are important measures to combat COVID-19.  This study was conducted to determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India. This record-based longitudinal study was conducted by reviewing the case records of COVID-19 patients admitted for treatment from June 2020 to September 2020 in a tertiary care centre in South India. The clinical details, discharge/death details, were collected and entered in MS Excel. Potential risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were analysed using univariate binomial logistic regression, generalized linear models (GLM) with Poisson distribution. Survival curves were made using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the equality of survivor functions between the groups. Out of 854 COVID-19 patients, 56.6% were men and the mean (standard deviation) age was 45.3(17.2) years. The median survival time was significantly lesser in male COVID-19 patients (16 days) as compared to female patients (20 days). Increasing age, male gender, patients presenting with symptoms of fever, cough, breathlessness, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients. Patients with older age, male gender, breathlessness, fever, cough, smoking and alcohol and comorbidities need careful observation and early intervention.  Public health campaigns aimed at reducing the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcohol use are also needed.
Every symplectic manifold is a (linear) coadjoint orbit
Authors: Donato Paul , Iglesias-Zemmour Patrick
Published: May 2021

We prove that every symplectic manifold is a coadjoint orbit of the group of automorphisms of its integration bundle, acting linearly on its space of momenta, for any group of periods of the symplectic form. This result generalizes the Kirilov–Kostant–Souriau theorem when the symplectic manifold is homogeneous under the action of a Lie group and the symplectic form is integral.
Self-perception of olfactory dysfunction is associated with history of Traumatic Brain Injury: post-hoc analysis from the OLFACAT survey
Authors: Langdon C. , Alobid I. , Quinto L. , Valero A. , Picado C. , Marin C. , Mullol J.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of smell loss. However, epidemiological studies evaluating the incidence in general population are scarce. The aim of this analysis is to investigate the prevalence of TBI-induced olfactory dysfunction (OD) in a general-based population study. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional population-based survey was distributed to general population (260,000 households) through the newspaper. The survey included four microencapsulated odorants (smell test) to assess smell loss and two self-administered questionnaires (odour description and epidemiology/health status). Participants were divided into two groups, with or without a history of TBI. RESULTS: From 10,783 returned surveys, 9,348 were analysed. The survey profile was a 43-year old woman with medium-high educational level, living in a city. The overall prevalence of TBI was 5% (N=464, 44.5Â±14.1 years old, 57% females). Recorded causes of TBI were traffic, domestic, or work accidents. Subjects with TBI reported a poorer subjective smell self-perception compared to non-TBI participants, and a decreases ability to identify mercaptan (odour added to gas used in cities). Although, using the smell test, both groups showed similar smell capacities. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with TBI history report a higher frequency of self-perceived OD, and a decrease ability to smell the odour added to domestic gas. Having said that, the prevalence of OD, according to the smell test, was similar in both groups.
NATIONAL POLICY FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHWESTERN PARANA
Authors: Vasconcelos Lucas Henrique Campos , Antonello Ideni Terezinha
Published: May 2021

The research that gave rise to this reflection was aimed at analyzing the implementation of the National Policy for Regional Development programs in the southwestern region of Paraná. On February 22, 2007, through Decree No. 6,047, the National Policy for Regional Development (PNDR, in Portuguese acronym) was institutionalized and on May 30, 2019, through Decree No. 9,810, the II National Policy for Regional Development came into force. In this article, the Program for the Promotion of Sustainability of Sub-Regional Spaces (PROMESO) and the Program for the Promotion of Development of the Border Strip (PDFF) will be analyzed, both with actions developed by the PNDR in the Southwestern Paraná Mesoregion. The article adopts an analytical nature, based on a theoretical-conceptual survey, documental analysis and case study, from a qualitative perspective. The results show that the PNDR had important actions in the southwestern region of Paraná, although it did not achieve the expected results due to the non-application of the proposed planning.
ÉLISÉE RECLUS CONTRIBUITIONS TO THE DEBATE ABOUT THE AGRARIAN QUESTION
Authors: Nabarro Sergio Aparecido
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article, is to analyze the contribution made by the French anarchist-geographer (Élisée Reclus) on specific issues related to the agrarian question. For this, from the vast work of the libertarian intellectual, the political and geographic texts were selected, which he approached with greater private appropriation of the land and the peasant question based on the atrocious assumptions. Among the results, the importance of unity and the centrality of the struggle of workers (rural and urban) against the State and capital and the potential of peasants as agents and protagonists of this process stand out.
Editorial message
Authors: Abraham Haileamlak
Published: May 2021

editorial message from the editor-in- chief
The Prioritization of Lean Techniques in Emergency Departments Using VIKOR and SAW Approaches
Authors: Mohammad Aminjarahi  , Mohsen Abdoli  , Yasin Fadaee  , Fatemeh Kohan  , Sajjad Shokouhyar
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Considering various researches were carried out to implement Lean techniques in healthcare centers, this study has tried to investigate how lean principles could be prioritized in the Emergency Department (ED) by comparing physicians and nurses viewpoints.METHODOLOGY: In the first stage, relevant Lean techniques and several criteria to evaluate the ED performance were selected by reviewing the literature. Then, weight factors for each criterion were calculated using the Entropy method, and Lean techniques were compared and ranked via a questionnaire by which the physicians' and nurses' opinions were obtained separately. In the last stage, the final ranking of Lean techniques was done using VIKOR and SAW methods as two powerful means of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM).RESULTS: Theory of Constraints (TOC) was selected as the most appropriate principle from the physicians' viewpoints by both decision-making methods. However, according to the nurses' opinions, Jiduka was the best approach by the VIKOR method, while with the SAW method, 5S was chosen as the most practical Lean technique.CONCLUSION: This study has illustrated that although all Lean techniques are useable for ED, these techniques' prioritization has a key role in choosing the more suitable Lean approach. Moreover, it provides a chance for the emergency wards to keep down different costs and improve staff and patient satisfaction and the quality of treatment simultaneously.
Parents’ intent to vaccinate against influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic in two regions in Switzerland
Authors: Seiler Michelle , Goldman Ran D , Staubli Georg , Hoeffe Julia , Gualco Gianluca , Manzano Sergio , Swiss Medical Weekly
Published: May 2021

AIMS OF THE STUDY
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to overlap with the seasonal influenza epidemic, increasing the risk of overextending the health system capacity in Switzerland. Influenza vaccine uptake has remained low in most countries, including Switzerland. The aim of the study was to determine parents’ intentions towards influenza vaccination of their children, as well as themselves, and to assess regional differences.

METHODS
Parents presenting to four paediatric emergency departments (Zurich, Bern, Bellinzona, Geneva) were asked to complete an online survey during and after the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic (April to June 2020). The anonymised survey included demographic information, vaccination history and intentions to vaccinate against influenza, as well as attitudes towards future vaccination against COVID-19.

RESULTS
The majority of children (92%; 602/654) were up-to-date on their vaccination schedule. In 2019/2020, 7.2% (47/654) were vaccinated against influenza. Children with chronic illnesses were more frequently vaccinated than healthy children (19.2% vs 5.6%; p = 0.002). For the coming winter season, 111 (17%) parents stated they plan to vaccinate their children against influenza, more than double the rate from last year, and 383 (59.2%) parents suggested they will vaccinate against COVID-19 once a vaccine is available. Regional differences between “German” and “Latin” Switzerland were found for parents’ intent to have their children vaccinated against influenza next season (Zurich and Bern 14.3%, Bellinzona and Geneva 27.2%, p <0.001), but not for a hypothetical vaccination against COVID-19 (Zurich and Bern 59.1%, Bellinzona and Geneva 59.7%, p = 0.894).

CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a substantial increase of parents’ intention to vaccinate their children against influenza, especially in hard-hit “Latin” Switzerland. The Swiss government and public health organisations can leverage these regional results to promote influenza vaccination among children for the coming seasons.
Computer-Based Reading Interventions with a Post-Secondary Student with Intellectual Disability: Self-Determined and Fixed Response Intervals
Authors: Wright Shelby , Ryan Kyle , Taylor Kala , Turnbull Samantha , Skinner Christopher , Beeson Tom , Ciancio Dennis , Billington Eric
Published: May 2021

Working with a post-secondary student with intellectual disability, an adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare sight-word acquisition across three computer-delivered learning trial interventions: one with fixed 5-s response intervals, another with fixed 1-s response intervals, and a third with self-determined intervals. Visual analysis of session-series graphs suggest that all three interventions increased sight-word acquisition with the 5-s and self-determined interventions causing more steady and consistent learning per session than the 1-s intervention. Analysis of the time-series graph suggests that the self-determined intervention caused superior learning rates to the other interventions. From an applied perspective, the self-determined intervention is the most appropriate remedial procedure for this student because it resulted in the most rapid learning. Discussion focuses on the value of making relative-effectiveness decisions based on measures of learning as a function of time spent learning (learning speed) versus measures of learning as a function of sessions or trials.
Effect of feed additive supplementation on bovine subclinical mastitis
Authors: Lamari Imane , Mimoune Nora , Khelef Djamel
Published: May 2021

Bovine mastitis is an important commercial and sanitary cost in milk production. The prevention and treatment of this disease is essentially based on the use of antibiotics that have limited effectiveness and can negatively affect milk quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an alternative treatment based on a symbiotic in the control and prevention of subclinical mastitis (SCM), and in the improvement of the quality of milk produced on a dairy farm in north-central Algeria. The milk of 68 cows was collected and analysed by somatic cell count and bacteriological analysis. Three samples were taken at one-month intervals. The first sample was taken before the administration of a feed additive (SYMBIOVEBA®) to lactating dairy cows. Animals were divided into two groups to study the effects (curative and preventive) of the symbiotic. Each group was further divided into two subgroups, where one received the symbiotic and the other was the control. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis at this farm was 33.82%. Bacterial identification was performed using classical methods only on the group of cows with mastitis; a total of 13 bacterial species were isolated from the three samples. Staphylococci were dominant, with a frequency of 45%, followed by Enterobacteriaceae (40%). These rates were considerably lower in both subgroups, though treated cows showed 100% cure rate for both Staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae. Individual somatic cell count (ISCC) was performed on all three samples and in both groups, and revealed a cure threshold (S) of 200,000 cells/mL, and a 100% cure rate for the SYMBIOVEBA®-treated cow subgroup compared to 62.5% for the control subgroup (P<0.05).
The Desert’s Role in the Formation of Early Israel and the Origin of Yhwh
Authors: Avner ‘Uzi
Published: May 2021

The origin of ancient Israel has been questioned and intensively discussed for almost two centuries by many researchers, from two main schools of thought. One believes the early Israelites came from outside the Land of Cana‘an and conquered it, while the other believes they rose from within Cana‘an, forming a new polity and culture. Scholars are likewise divided whether the Israelite God, Yhwh, originated from the Near Eastern cultural environment or from the desert. A multitude of studies has been dedicated to these two themes, usually separately. This article attempts to examine the connection between the two through several themes: desert roots in the culture of ancient Israel, the origin of Yhwh, Asiatics in Sinai and the Negev, desert tribes and the copper industry, the location of biblical Paran, Nabataean data from Sinai which illuminate biblical issues, and others. By including materials which were previously underutilized or overlooked, these themes may be integrated to form a reasonable scenario of a chapter in the history of early Israel.
Reflexiones jurídicas en torno a la participación de la sociedad civil en los Comités de Desarrollo Regional de Estados y Municipios Mineros en México
Authors: García Moraga Reyna Elizabeth , Bracamonte Ozuna Mario Alfonso , Torres García Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

A partir de los noventa diversas naciones de América Latina se dieron a la tarea de actualizar y adaptar sus legislaciones mineras en dos grandes vertientes: garantizar jurídicamente un desarrollo sustentable y vigilar con mayor énfasis las inversiones en el ramo para regular los diversos impactos que generan las empresas que se encuentran asentadas en determinadas localidades. México es uno de ellos. La aplicación de instrumentos legales permite a la autoridad gubernamental construir una plataforma fiscal en impactos ambientales y de desarrollo regional. El Congreso de la Unión aprobó en 2014 diversas disposiciones de derechos sobre minería, destacando adiciones a los artículos 271 y 275 de la Ley Federal de Derechos con la finalidad de apoyar a comunidades mineras. Se implementó el Fondo para el Desarrollo Regional Sustentable de estados y municipios mineros cuyo objetivo es elevar la calidad de vida de habitantes de las zonas de extracción minera. A través de esta investigación se realizan reflexiones jurídico-sociales en torno al ejercicio y distribución del Fondo Minero como retribución de recursos a las comunidades mineras del país mediante obras de impacto social y se analiza la integración y facultades del Comité de Desarrollo Regional para las zonas implicadas bajo un esquema de participación ciudadana efectiva.
Una estrategia para la documentación de lecciones aprendidas y buenas prácticas en empresa de desarrollo de software
Authors: Becerril-Sitten Juan Pablo , Perez-Soltero Alonso , Barcelo-Valenzuela Mario , Sanchez-Schmitz Gerardo , Cirett Galan Federico
Published: May 2021

Muchas organizaciones para mejorar sus servicios o productos han optado por herramientas que les brinden una ventaja competitiva o que les permitan realizar sus procesos más eficientemente. Una de las herramientas que han tomado importancia en las organizaciones es el registro de buenas prácticas o lecciones aprendidas, esto con el beneficio de que aprendan de experiencias pasadas posibilitando la creación de nuevo conocimiento útil en nuevos métodos o procesos. Ante la necesidad de mejora que tienen las organizaciones, el objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una estrategia que permita facilitar la captura de lecciones aprendidas y buenas prácticas en una empresa de desarrollo de software. Debido a la situación existente en la organización de estudio, se desarrolló e implementó una metodología que comprendiera identificar a expertos en los procesos organizativos; diseñar una estructura que facilite la captura de las lecciones aprendidas y buenas prácticas; e implementar la estructura diseñada en los empleados de la organización. Como principal resultado, se obtuvo el registro de éxitos, fracasos o experiencias que permitieran la creación de buenas prácticas y lecciones aprendidas, siendo de utilidad para la mejora de las actividades laborales dentro la organización de estudio.
Diseño de Sistema de Innovación Local (SIL) para el Município Camajuaní, Cuba
Authors: Hernández Medina Carlos Alberto , Báez Hernández Alexander , Carrasco Fuentes Magdalys Alibet
Published: May 2021

El trabajo contiene una conceptualización de los SIL en diferentes áreas geográficas. Está dirigido a la solución de los problemas que necesitan la aplicación del conocimiento para resolverse en el Municipio Camajuaní. Define la importancia e impacto de un SIL sobre la vida del Territorio y que esta depende de variados factores. Se recomienda extender esta experiencia a todas las formas productivas de la municipalidad, capacitar a los actores del contexto comunitario y lograr del gobierno su papel orientador, coordinador y controlador del proceso de intervención comunitaria y desarrollo sociocultural. Se hace una propuesta de estructura institucional para fortalecer el SIL.
Comentarios acerca de la relación entre Ciencia y Fe en el Magisterio de la Iglesia
Authors: Parra Contreras Reyber
Published: May 2021

La Revista de la Universidad del Zulia inicia su Número 33 con un texto en el cual se analiza la relación entre Ciencia y Fe en el Magisterio de la Iglesia Católica. El análisis se fundamenta en la posición de los Concilios Vaticano I y II sobre la importancia de la Fe y la Razón para el hombre, en su búsqueda de la verdad; simultáneamente, se tomaron en cuenta las orientaciones de los papas León XIII y Juan Pablo II, en sus Encíclicas Aeterni Patris y Fides et Ratio, respectivamente; también fueron analizados algunos discursos de los papas Pablo VI, Benedicto XVI y Francisco ante la Pontificia Academia de las Ciencias. La Iglesia ha procurado -desde el Concilio Vaticano I hasta la actualidad-, acercar, armonizar y complementar la relación entre Fe y Razón; su interés no se agota en el fomento de la investigación científica; también aspira que el conocimiento se ordene al bienestar del ser humano, y se reconozca el horizonte de la fe en la búsqueda de la verdad.
Sığır Sürülerinde Hiyerarşik Davranışların Sürü Yönetimine Etkileri
Authors: VAROL Mustafa , ALAPALA DEMİRHAN Sibel
Published: May 2021

Süt ve besi sığırları çoğu canlı topluluğu gibi sosyal bir türdür ve sosyal bir düzenleri vardır. Sığır yetiştiriciliğinde başarılı olmak için bu sosyal davranışları iyi bilmek, sosyal hiyerarşik düzeni oluşturmak ve sürü yönetimini iyi planlamak gerekmektedir. Sosyal davranışlar bireylerin kendi arasında üreme, ana yavru ilişkileri veya oyun davranışları gibi ilişkileri ve iletişimleri içermektedir. Bu davranışları anlamak, bakım ve sürü idaresi, sürü stresi, verim artışı ve hayvan beslenme konularında önemli bir kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Sürü idaresinde hiyerarşik düzenin oluşması, belli bir sosyal düzen içerisinde yaşayan bireylerin herhangi bir olumsuzluk yaşamdan yaşamlarını idame ettirmesi ve agonistik davranışlar sonucu meydana gelecek stres, verim kaybı ve bireyler arası fiziksel yaralanmalar ortadan kalkması için önemlidir. Sürü yönetimi barınak düzeni, soğuk sıcak stresi, nakil gibi faktörlere dikkat edilerek sağlanabildiği gibi birde hayvanlar arası var olan davranışsal özelliklerin anlaşılması sayesinde de sağlanabilmektedir. Sığırlardan daha yüksek verim elde edilerek kaliteli ve devamlı et-süt üretimi yapmak, verimliliği sağlamak iyi bir sürü yönetimi ile mümkündür. İyi bir sürü yönetimi demek hayvanın daha az stres, daha fazla refah, daha fazla verim anlamına gelir. Geçmişten beri var olan hayvan davranışları arasında bulunan hiyerarşik davranışın, sürü yönetiminde olumlu şekilde kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada da süt sığırları ve besi sığırları sürülerinde hiyerarşik davranışların sürü yönetimini ve sığır verimlerini nasıl etkilediklerini belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Facilitating Trade and Strengthening Market Access in the Southern African Customs Union: A Focus on South Africa’s Customs Reform
Authors: Amadi Victor T , Lenaghan Patricia
Published: May 2021

In the modern business environment, emphasis is placed on timely production, requiring timely delivery and fast and predictable release of goods at the borders. Experiencing delays in the supply chain of goods increases transaction costs, which can, in consequence, raise the price of export and import products. South Africa is a developing state that needs to be competitive on every front to secure economic growth considering the current push towards the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). This article aims to tackle the issue of non-tariff barriers to trade, particularly restrictive customs and administrative procedures at border crossings in the Southern region, by exploring trade facilitation measures which can be crucial for integration and development. Trade facilitation regulates behind-the-border measures and encompasses reform of a country’s customs policies and infrastructure as customs operations can be characterised by a complex array of requirements for traders, including documentation requirements. This article accordingly examines how South Africa is evolving its customs environment to facilitate trade further and to enhance market access of goods into the country and the Southern region. South Africa has adopted a Custom Modernisation Programme (CMP) under the guidance of the South African Revenue Services (SARS). The adoption of this programme can potentially reduce the delays in trade transactions at border points.
Circassia and the Crimean Khanate: the evolution of relationships (XVI-XVIII centuries)
Authors: Adzinova Z.Yu.
Published: May 2021

At present investigation of the regional history, which is an element of all-Russian and world processes, has acquired particular relevance, as it makes it possible to soak up the national culture, form national identity, and preserve socio-cultural values and traditions of the people. Relations between the Circassians and the Crimean Khanate developed during the 15th - 18th centuries and were ambiguous. The research considers the features of the dynamic, contradictory relations of the Circassians (the Adyghs) with the Crimean Khanate. In the research an attempt has been made to characterize the methods of spreading influence in Circassia used by the Ottoman Empire government and the khans of the Girey dynasty. Considerable attention is paid to military aggression, and, to diametrically opposed mechanisms for regulating relations between the Circassians and the Crimean Khanate, such as atalism and dynastic marriages of the Crimean khans and the Circassian girls. The article uses chronological problematic, idiographic and retrospective methods of historical knowledge. The author concludes that Circassia occupied a special place in the foreign policy of the Crimean Khanate. Specific nature of the relationships based on a mutual desire to stabilize them, consisted in the use of various methods of achievement.
İşletmelerde yetenek yönetimi uygulamaları
Authors: GÜNDOĞMUŞ Emine , ÇOLAK Fatih , VARDARLIER Pelin
Published: May 2021

Global hayatta ve iş dünyasında rekabet günden güne artış göstermektedir. Bu rekabet ortamında başarıya ulaşmanın ve ulaşılan başarının sürekliliği, sürdürülebilirliği çok önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Yeniliğe, gelişime, sürdürülebilirliğe olan ihtiyaç, işletmelerin gelecekleri açısından büyük önem kazanmıştır. Bu hızla değişen faktörlere ayak uydurabilmek ve dinamik olmak önemli bir husus haline gelmiştir. Bu gerçekleri dikkate alan işletmelerin değişimin şart olduğu çağda, yönetsel ve kurumsal olarak verimli olmanın ve en önemli paydaşın insan olduğunun da bilincinde olmaları gerekmektedir. İş dünyasındaki bu gelişim ve değişimler yeteneğe, yetenekli iş gücüne, yetenekli insana ilgiyi ve talebi oldukça artırmaktadır. İşletmelerin avantajlı konumda ve işletmelerine uygun yeteneğe sahip olmaları yeterli olmamaktadır. Yetenekli çalışanı işletmeye kazandırdıktan sonra onları elde tutmak, sürekliliği sağlamak, planlı ve stratejik ilerlemek gerekmektedir. Kariyerlerini geliştirebilecekleri ve rahat hissedecekleri bir iş ortamı sağlanmalı, kuruma ve çalışanlara uyum sağlamaları amaçlanmalıdır. Kurumda ve çalışanda performansın artış göstermesi, yetenek yönetimi süreci sonucunda gerçekleştiğinden yetenek yönetiminin etkisi çok büyüktür. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı, yetenek yönetiminin önemini, işletmelerde neden yeteneğe ihtiyaç duyulduğunu ve yetenek yönetimi sürecini açıklamaktır. Bununla birlikte bu çalışmada, işletmelerde uygulanan yetenek yönetimi modelleri ele alınmış, işletmeler için yetenek yönetimi sistemi kurma aşamasında bir rehber niteliği olması hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda mevcut çalışmada, yetenek yönetimi süreci açıklanmış ve işletmelerdeki örnek uygulamalar ve uygulama aşamalarına detaylı bir şekilde yer verilerek yetenek yönetimi uygulamalarına değinilmiştir.
Örgüt ikliminin çalışanların sanal kaytarma davranışları üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: ÖZKAN Sema , ERBAY Elif Özge
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı örgüt ikliminin çalışanların sanal kaytarma davranışları üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya konmasıdır. Çalışanların örgüt iklimi algısının sanal kaytarma davranışlarını etkileyip etkilemediği araştırıldığından, araştırma nedensel tarama modelindedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 724 kişi ile anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda araştırmaya dahil olan çalışanların örgüt iklimi algısı düzeyi ile sanal kaytarma düzeyi arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca örgüt ikliminin çalışanların sanal kaytarma davranışlarını anlamlı şekilde etkilediği görülmüştür. Sanal kaytarmanın olumsuz çıktılarının, olumlu bir örgüt ikliminin oluşturulmasıyla engellenebileceği, bu veriyle işletmelerdeki pek çok yönetici için örgüt verimine katkı sağlanabileceği düşünülmektedir.
İş dünyasının sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımı; Türkiye göstergeleri
Authors: ÖZUYAR Pınar
Published: May 2021

Sürdürülebilir kalkınmada en önemli rolü olanlardan biri şüphesiz iş dünyasıdır. İş dünyası 1960'lardan beri bu yolda çeşitli adımlar atmasına rağmen, ancak 1987’de sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın tanımlanmasından neredeyse 25 yıl sonra küresel anlamda geçerli olan bu sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefinin, aslında iş dünyasının sürdürülebilirliği ile ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel boyutlarıyla aynı temele oturduğu anlaşılabildi. Bu gelişmelere rağmen, ancak son on yılda firmalar kendileri için sürdürülebilirlik kavramını, zaten zorunlu olan mevzuatın ötesine geçerek sürdürülebilir kalkınma esaslarına göre tanımlamaya başlamışlardır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin en büyük firmalarındaki beyana dayanan sürdürülebilirlik uygulamaları incelenmiş ve sonuçlar analiz edilerek, Türkiye'nin bu en büyük firmalarının kurumsal sosyal sorumluluğa verdikleri önemin derecesi ve firmaların arasındaki farklılıklar, sektör faktörünü de göz önüne alarak ortaya konuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan temel veriler, seçilen yüz firma için, yıllık çevrimiçi ve halka açık faaliyet raporları ve bunun yanında varsa sürdürülebilirlik raporları da esas alınarak, faaliyet raporlarında sürdürülebilirlik bölümleri, faaliyetlerin çevre ve/veya sosyal odaklı olması ve aynı zamanda bu beyan edilen faaliyetlerin kurum içi ya da kurum dışı odaklı olmaları üzerine dayanmaktadır. Ek olarak, Birleşmiş Milletler Küresel İlkeler Sözleşmesi ve küresel raporlama sistemlerine dahil olup olmadıkları destekleyici bir veri olarak sunulmuştur.
Stress and obligativity of police officers
Authors: Călin Mariana Floricica , Rus Mihaela , Sandu Mihaela Luminita
Published: May 2021

In the present study, I examined the differences between criminal police officers and border police officers. The study  shows if there are any semnificative differences of stress and mentality for the two types of policemen. 2 tests were applied on 60 participants, 30 of each category. One test was for measuring stress and the other one for observing the mentality of the employees. The study has 2 hypotheses: the presumtion that there are semnificative differences of stress between the two types of officers and the presumtion that there are semnificative differences between levels of obligativity for the two types of officers. The hypotheses were confirmed.
The relationship between cognitive maladaptive schemes and self-esteem in adolescents
Authors: Sandu Mihaela , Călin Mariana Floricica , Mogos Nicoleta
Published: May 2021

The motivation for choosing this topic is based on our desire to understand how the cognitive patterns formed in the early periods of adolescent development, influence and affect the formation and development of self-esteem during adolescence. Adolescence is a crucial and critical period in the development of the individual, a period of transition between childhood and adulthood, and self-esteem plays a very important role for the development of the individual during this period. Self-esteem is an important part of our personality that includes two significant elements - self-knowledge and self-awareness. This includes the individual's perceptions of himself, his strengths and weaknesses, his abilities, attitudes and values. Its development begins at birth and develops constantly under the influence of experiences. In different age periods that children go through, they become aware of their skills and practical abilities in the first place - motor skills, artistic skills, performance skills, etc. The mental development of the adolescent is largely determined by the family. Love and trust, competent answers and advice are the fundamental "tool" of parents who help their children become autonomous and competent adults.
Stimulating strategies of self-regulated learning for high-school students with learning difficulties
Authors: Avram Olimpia Florentina , Sandu Mihaela Luminița , Mocanu Ana-Maria
Published: May 2021

In the actual contemporary society there are more and more children with disabilities, and the most frequently requested are the Special Educational Needs (SEN), associated with other disabilities that are unnoticed until advanced ages and this because some parents refuse to realise the situation in which their child is. The prevalence of learning disabilities has increased significantly. This is one of the reasons for choosing this topic which is still relevant, the applicability is increasing both in the social system and in the education subsystem. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the learning difficulties that students face in high school. On the other hand, another objective is to illustrate the stimulating strategies for self-regulated learning and assessment. In some cases, age-specific difficulties arise during this period due to the dynamic nature of the school climate. From a pedagogical point of view, the emphasis should be on cognitive development, on the skills needed for the social integration of all students, regardless of origin, nationality and development level. Learning involves overcoming barriers, removing obstacles during individual or collective learning (Popa, D., 2013). Almost forgotten for a long time, the pedagogy of children with learning difficulties has seen a significant increase, especially during the recent years. While looking for ways to a successful learning, it should be considered the use of some methods and planning to reduce learning difficulties for students. Considering that school education (school learning) is a dominant exercise through play, especially during childhood, we must also consider the possibility of frequent learning difficulties, especially regarding children.
Student Teachers Perceptions and Experiences on School Practice and Competence Development at Makerere University-Uganda
Authors: Bwiruka Jane , Maani John , Ssetumba John
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The study was carried out to explore the student teachers’ perceptions and experiences on school practice in terms of competence development.

Methodology: Phenomenology as a design was adopted using unstructured interviews and documents review to collect data from twelve purposively selected third year student teachers as participants. Data was analyzed using the framework analysis.

Findings: School practice was clearly understood by participants as a learning experience that involves putting theory into practice with the help from supervisors and senior teachers. However, it was conducted along the curriculum requirements as an assessment/examination by the university supervisors. Consequently, some challenges were faced. These included, difficulties in applying all the various methods taught by different lecturers, lack of professionalism, little feedback/conferencing with supervisors, hurried reports, limited mentorship and supervisory aspects in school practice host schools and limited materials to use among others.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The teacher preparation institutions in Uganda Makerere inclusive need to improve the general methods course to all students to cater for issues in lesson preparation, presentation, classroom management, assessment and evaluation. An interdependent relationship between the University and the SP host schools is required to promote a working relationship between the supervisors and host teachers for mentoring and supervisory aspects to student teachers. Makerere University and other teacher preparation institutions need constant professional development courses to promote professionalism among supervisors to address issues like lack of feedback/conferencing and poor supervisor-student relationships among others.
A koronavírus elleni küzdelem és annak következményei Franciaországban
Authors: Fejérdy Gergely
Published: May 2021

Bő egy évvel ezelőtt, 2020. március 17-én került sor a koronavírus- járvány miatt az első franciaországi lezárásokra. 13 hónappal később a 67 milliós államban már átlépte a 100 ezret a halálos áldozatok száma. A lakosság 20%-át sikerült április közepére beoltani. A francia vezetés járványkezelése rendszeresen elégedetlenséget szül. A bonyolult, sokszor egymásnak ellentmondó szabályokba belefáradt lakosság egyre kevésbé tartja be a szükséges intézkedéseket, a feszültségek is növekedtek a társadalomban meglévő törésvonalak mentén. A járvány gazdasági következményei egyre nagyobb terhet jelentenek, miközben a politikai tét is napról napra komolyabb figyelmet kap a 2021-es regionális és megyei, illetve a 2022-es elnökválasztások közeledtével. Franciaország koronavírussal szembeni küzdelmének, stratégiájának különböző szempontok szerinti vizsgálata – amelyre ez a rövid tanulmány vállalkozik – a francia belpolitikai folyamatok jobb megvilágításán túl Párizs uniós szinten megnyilvánuló jelenlegi és jövőbeni törekvéseire is ráirányítja a figyelmet, illetve tágabb összefüggésbe helyezi azokat.
Prospect and Legal Challenges of Medical Tourism in Relation to the Advance Medical Directive (AMD) in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Zahir Mohd Zamre , Tengku Zainudin Tengku Noor Azira , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam , Mohd Shariff Ahmad Azam , Abd Rahman Zainunnisaa , Ishak Ma Kalthum , Sulaiman Syafiq , Mohamad Nor Nor Hikma
Published: May 2021

People fly for several reasons. One of the goals is to obtain medical attention. This idea is known as “medical tourism.” In defending this concept, the notion of medical tourism is one of the prospects of increasing industries that have rapidly grown in Malaysia and other countries. One of the factors that led to this trend is the propensity to pursue better medical care at a lower cost. Around the same time, certain patients in modern society have begun to provide input on their medical care in cases where they are unable to give consent. Advance Medical Directive (AMD) is a particular directive containing the desires of a knowledgeable patient regarding his or her future medical plans if he or she becomes incompetent or unable to make any decisions regarding his or her body. However, the concern that arises in the sense of medical tourism is whether there are applicable laws in Malaysia that will ensure that the AMD of patients is enforced. The art of AMD is still relatively new in the country and, as a result, the legal status on the AMD is still vague and uncertain. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to define the laws that can be applied in relation to AMD in the context of medical tourism. The approach used in this article is qualitative. It found that Malaysia did not have a clear legal framework for AMD within the scope of medical tourism. This article concludes that this legal challenge can be overcome by means of the special AMD regulations on medical tourism in Malaysia.
Protection of Best Interest: A Study on Children Working in the Entertainment Industry in Malaysia and Their Right to Education
Authors: Ab Kadir Nor Aida , Makhtar Maheran , Md Yusof Naziree , Ghapa Norhasliza
Published: May 2021

In Malaysia, there is no law prohibiting children from working in the entertainment industry. Malaysia only provides general law on the employment of children and young persons in the entertainment industry. There are possibilities that children in the entertainment business will endure neglect and exploitation. Their working environment may expose them to possible harms, physically as well as psychologically. Like other children, child performers must have adequate access to education. However, their right to education is affected since the nature of their work impedes them from attending school at times. This study discussed the effects of working in the entertainment industry towards children, especially on hard access to education. The relevant laws in the Malaysian legal framework was be construed. The recent amendment to The Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966; known as The Children and Young Persons (Employment) (Amendment) Act 2019 which came into force on 1st February 2019 would be discussed. Under Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC), which emphasises the protection of the best interest of children all over the world; this study recommends a proper guideline to be implied upon the players in the entertainment industry. This guideline will be a part of the child protection policy, drafted specifically for children working in the entertainment industry. This study shows that law, policy, and legal enforcement are needed to fully protect children from risks and harm, including their right to education.
Information Regulation: A Measure of Consumer Protection
Authors: Ghapa Norhasliza , Ab Kadir Nor Aida
Published: May 2021

Consumers have been identified as one of the drivers of economic development in Malaysia. They come from different educational levels, age, geographical area and economic status. All of those discrepancies pose several problems, and the most significant issue is the possible information vulnerability where it affects consumer decision-making. Consequently, when wrong decisions are made, they can incur substantial financial and emotional losses. It is therefore necessary to analyse the most appropriate mechanism for safeguarding Malaysian consumers from any potential knowledge vulnerabilities that could compromise their interests. Accordingly, this paper will scrutinize the theory of information regulation as a mechanism to mitigate consumer disadvantage and fix Malaysian consumers’ knowledge vulnerability by analysing the existing academic literature on the theory of information regulation as a specific tool to protect consumers’ interests in Malaysia. This specific approach of regulation which requires all the essential information concerning a particular product to be provided by the sellers, traders, producers and manufacturers at the pre-purchase phase is hoped to be the best protection measure for consumers in Malaysia.
Non-refoulement and Right of Entry for Asylum-seekers
Authors: Sulaiman Syafiq , Mat Basir Salawati , Mohamed Abdul Majid Hafiz , Ahmad Tajuddin Muhammad Afiq
Published: May 2021

This article examines two questions: first, whether the Malaysian law regarding admission of asylum-seekers into its territory is consistent with international law, and second, whether the asylum-seekers who are already residing in Malaysia can be deported back to their places of origins. In answering these questions, this article analyses the legal aspects of the right to seek asylum under international law and its relation to the rule on non-refoulement. Additionally, it also examines the relevant provisions in the Malaysian legislations that regulate the admission of non-citizens into the country. This study is doctrinal legal research which is qualitative. The data used in this research was collected from library-based resources. These data were then analysed by using methods of content analysis as well as critical analysis. The article found that there are inconsistencies between international law and Malaysian law in matters concerning asylum-seeker’s admission and those asylum-seekers in Malaysia should not be deported. Therefore, this study suggests that Malaysia should amend the provisions in the Immigration Acts 1959/1963 and the Passports Act 1966. However, if the amendment of these legislations is not practical, it suggests that the Minister in charge of immigration affairs to make an order of exemption to the asylum-seekers so that their entry at the border would not be denied. This article shows that despite states’ firm belief that they are entitled to use domestic law to deny the admission of asylum-seekers into their territory, international law provides a few mechanisms to remedy the legal loopholes.