bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak dan Fraksi Kulit Batang Banitan (Monocarpia kalimantanensis)
Authors: Nurmala Otsuka Khaera , Jafar Fahriani Istiqamah , Herman Herman
Published: March 2024

Banitan (Monocarpia kalimantanensis) is a plant that grows in the Samboja area, East Kalimantan. Antimicrobial activity extract and fractions of banitan stem barks against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans has never been done. This study aims to determine the yield and antimicrobial activity produced by banitan bark extract and fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial activity was assayed by agar well diffusion method using 5 concentration groups of the extract and fractions of banitan stem bark, namely 0,625%; 1,25%; 2,5%; 5%; and 10% with chloramphenicol and ketoconazole as positive control and DMSO 10% as negative control. The diameter inhibition zone value of ethanol extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions at the concentration 10% for Staphylococcus aureus were 13,63; 9,08; 21,18; 6,05 mm, Escherichia coli were 14,46; 9,93; 21,97; 6,90 mm and Candida albicans were 11,85; 18,09; 19,36; 13,17 mm. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity at a concentration of 10%.

Keywords:          Monocarpia kalimantanensis, antimicrobial

 

Abstrak

Banitan (Monocarpia kalimantanensis) adalah tanaman yang tumbuh di daerah Samboja, Kalimantan Timur. Aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak dan fraksi kulit batang banitan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak dan fraksi (n-heksana, etil asetat dan n-butanol) dari kulit batang banitan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans. Aktivitas antimikroba diuji dengan metode difusi agar kertas cakram menggunakan 5 kelompok konsentrasi yaitu 0,625%; 1,25%; 2,5%; 5%; dan 10% dengan kloramfenikol dan ketokonazol sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO 10% sebagai kontrol negatif. Ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat dan n-butanol dengan konsentrasi 10% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 13,63; 9,08; 21,18; 6,05 mm, Escherichia coli sebesar 14,46; 9,93; 21,97; 6,90 mm dan Candida albicans sebesar 11,85; 18,09; 19,36; 13,17 mm. Fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan paling tinggi pada konsentrasi 10%.

Kata Kunci:         Monocarpia kalimantanensis, antimikroba
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat pada Pasien Artritis Gout di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Pupuk Kaltim Bontang Periode 2022
Authors: Manurung Silvia Ningsih , Kuncoro Hadi , Junaidin Junaidin
Published: March 2024

Arthritis gout is a disease due to deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints, kidneys, and other connective tissues as a result of hyperuricemia which can cause pain, swelling, impaired joint movement, and even tophi. Without rational treatment, there will be overdiagnosis and inadequate management which can aggravate gout. This study used observational studies and descriptive methods in 87 samples at the outpatient installation of Pupuk Kaltim Hospital Bontang Period 2022. The results of the study of patient characteristics based on age were most in the age group 46-55 years with a total of 25 patients (28.7%), based on gender more occurred in men with a total of 75 male patients (86.2%), based on the most symptoms were pain with a total of 69 cases (68.3%), and based on the highest diagnosis was acute gouty arthritis with a total of 76 patients (87.3%). The results showed that the most widely used antipyretic therapy was Allopurinol, which was used by 62 patients, followed by Colchicine which was used by 47 patients. For analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory therapy, NSAIDs were used by 23 patients and Paracetamol was used by 6 patients.

Keywords:          gout arthritis, characteristics, treatment pattern

 

Abstrak

Artritis gout adalah penyakit akibat deposisi kristal monosodium urat (MSU) di sendi, ginjal, dan jaringan ikat lainnya sebagai akibat dari hiperurisemia yang dapat menimbulkan nyeri, bengkak, gangguan gerak sendi, dan bahkan tophi. Tanpa pengobatan yang rasional, akan terjadi overdiagnosis dan tata laksana yang tidak adekuat yang dapat memperparah gout. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi observasional dan dengan metode deskriptif pada 87 sampel di instalasi rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Pupuk Kaltim Bontang Periode 2022. Hasil penelitian karakteristik pasien berdasarkan usia terbanyak pada kelompok usia 46-55 tahun dengan jumlah 25 pasien (28,7%), berdasarkan jenis kelamin lebih banyak terjadi pada laki-laki dengan jumlah sebanyak 75 pasien laki-laki (86,2%), berdasarkan gejala paling banyak adalah nyeri dengan jumlah 69 kasus (68,3%), dan berdasarkan diagnosis paling tinggi adalah artritis gout akut dengan jumlah 76 pasien (87,3%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terapi antipirai yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Allopurinol yaitu sebanyak 62 pasien, diikuti dengan Kolkisin yang digunakan oleh 47 pasien. Untuk terapi analgesik, antipiretik, dan antiinflamasi golongan NSAID digunakan oleh 23 pasien dan Paracetamol digunakan oleh 6 pasien.

Kata Kunci:         artritis gout, karakteristik, pola pengobatan
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Berdasarkan Perbedaan Tingkat Kematangan Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH
Authors: Ratnasari Tri , Rahim Abdul , Febrina Lizma
Published: March 2024

Avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill.) has activity as an antioxidant. This activity is strongly influenced by the metabolites contained in avocados. However, the formation of these active metabolites is greatly influenced by the level of fruit ripening. To the best of our knowledge there have been no scientific reports regarding the antioxidant activity of avocados with different levels of ripeness. So researchers want to know antioxidant activity based on differences in avocado ripeness levels. The avocados observed were unripe, tree-ripened and ripe avocados. Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 516 nm. The antioxidant activity results obtained were in the form of an IC50 (inhibition concentration) value for raw avocados of 39.83 ppm, tree ripe avocados of 30.29 ppm, and peram ripe avocados of 28.60 ppm. All three are classified as very strong antioxidants, with the best antioxidant activity in ripe avocados. This shows that differences in fruit ripeness levels affect their antioxidant activity.

Keywords:          Avocado, Antioxidant, DPPH

 

Abstrak

Buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Aktivitas ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh metabolit yang terkandung pada buah alpukat. Namun demikian pembentukan metabolit-metabolit aktif ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pematangan buah. Sepanjang pengetahuan kami belum ada laporan ilmiah mengenai aktivitas antioksidan buah alpukat dengan tingkat kematangan yang berbeda. Sehingga peneliti ingin mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan perbedaan tingkat kematangan buah alpukat. Buah alpukat yang diamati adalah buah alpukat mentah, matang pohon, dan matang peram. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 516 nm. Hasil aktivitas antioksidan yang diperoleh berupa nilai IC50 (inhibition concentration) dari buah alpukat mentah sebesar 39,83 ppm, alpukat matang pohon sebesar 30,29 ppm, dan alpukat matang peram sebesar 28,60 ppm. Ketiganya tergolong sebagai antioksidan yang sangat kuat, dengan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik pada alpukat matang peram. Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa perbedaan tingkat kematangan buah mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidannya.

Kata Kunci:         Alpukat, Antioksidan, DPPH
IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
Authors: Boudreau Kaitlyn , Robinson Melanie , Farooqi Zahrah
Published: March 2024

In August 2021, the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its Sixth Assessment Report. Among its authors are several Canadian climate scientists. The report has important applications for disaster and emergency management policy in Canada, and naturally foreshadows the work that practitioners will be doing in the coming years. The Canadian Journal of Emergency Management’s Operations Section has produced a briefing note summarizing the Sixth Assessment Report’s Summary for Policy Makers, which is in itself an extensive white paper.

This briefing note was produced by Operations staff Kaitlyn Boudreau, Melanie Robinson, and Zahrah Farooqi, and was approved for publication by a member of the Editorial Board.
Towards a Conscious Digital Generation: Efforts to Increase Knowledge and Attitudes about Cybersex among Adolescents
Authors: Nursal Dien Gusta Anggraini , Hasanah Siti Nur , Afrila Gebby , Mutia Mutia , Nasitoh Sabillah , Baretta Muhammad Sakhi
Published: March 2024

The increasing prevalence of cybersex behavior among adolescents presents a growing concern, with potential risks to their physical and mental health. The ease of access and low cost associated with this behavior contribute to its proliferation. Based on interviews with students from X High School in Pariaman, it was found that a significant portion of the student population accesses pornography on the internet when exposed to online advertisements and during casual browsing. The primary objective of this initiative is to nurture a generation of digitally aware youth by enhancing their knowledge and shaping healthier attitudes regarding cybersex. The location of the activities was SMA X Pariaman City. A combination of active and passive approaches was employed. Active methods involved delivering lectures with prepared materials and informative video presentations. Passively, students were provided with informational leaflets and banners placed strategically in the school environment. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were administered to gauge the effectiveness of the materials and videos in influencing participants' knowledge and attitudes. Statistical analysis, including the Wilcoxon test and Gain Score, reveals a notable increase in expertise and confirms the effectiveness of the counseling efforts. In summary, this program effectively enhances knowledge and attitudes about cybersex among adolescents, marking a significant step in addressing this pressing issue.
Trends in Pressure Injury Prevalence Rates and Average Days to Healing Associated With Adoption of a Comprehensive Wound Care Program and Technology in Skilled Nursing Facilities in the United States
Authors: Mohammed Heba , Mannion David , Cassata Amy , Fraser Robert
Published: March 2024

Introduction. A large SNF system in the United States adopted a holistic wound care model that included an AI DWMS to improve PI care. Objective. To compare the trend in PI point prevalence rates and average days to healing linked to adopting technology in practice from 2021 to 2022, and to assess the rate of received PI F686 citations in facilities that adopted the technology compared with those that did not. Methods. The study used the DWMS database to compare anonymized PI data assessed in 2021 (15 583 patients) vs 2022 (30 657 patients) from all SNF facilities that adopted the technology in 2021 and 2022. F686 citations data were provided by the SNF organization. Results. There was a 13.1% reduction in PI prevalence from 2021 to 2022 across all PI stages. Facilities that adopted the technology demonstrated a significant reduction in days to healing from 2021 to 2022, with an average of 17.7 days saved per PI or a 37.4% faster healing rate (P < .001). A significant reduction in the average days to healing was noted for all PI stages, with the most significant savings observed for stages 3 and 4, with an average savings of 35 days (stage 3) and 85 days (stage 4) in 2022 vs 2021 (P < .001). From 2021 to 2022, facilities that adopted the technology reported an overall 8.2% reduction in F-686 citations severity >G compared to those that did not adopt the technology. Conclusion. Use of technology as part of a comprehensive wound care program has the potential to not only improve patient care and quality of life, but to realize considerable annual savings in additional PI out-of-pocket expenses (up to $1 410 000) and of clinicians’ time (44 808 hours).
ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM AS A PREDICTOR OF SUCCESSFUL VENTILATOR WEANING OF PATIENTS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Sinitsa K. A. , Yakubtsevich R. E. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the survey is linked with the persistent problem of weaning patients who have been on mechanical ventilation for a long time. The objective. To conduct a literature analysis in order to summarize the results of modern researches devoted to the study of sonographic parameters that allow estimation of diaphragmatic functions for predicting successful weaning of patients from artificial lung ventilation. Material and methods. In total 33 Russian-language and English-language sources were analyzed. Results. The following ultrasound parameters of the diaphragm were analyzed in detail: diaphragm excursion, diaphragm thickening fraction, diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index, and the time to peak inspiratory amplitude of the diaphragm. Conclusions. The ability to timely diagnose diaphragm dysfunction using ultrasound minimizes the risk of respiratory and cardiac failure. Currently there are methods of the diaphragm muscle stimulation to improve the recovery of lost functions.
ANTINOCICEPTIVE AND REPARATIVE ACTION OF ADIPOSE-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN EXPERIMENTAL LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors:   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, Yerofeyeva A.-M. V. , Antipova O. A. ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, Siamionik I. A. ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, Zhavaranak I. P. ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, Fedorova E. V. ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, Pinchuk S. V. ,   Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, Chur S. N. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus, Molchanova A. Yu. ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Published: March 2024

Background. Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) appears to be a promising method for relieving pain in peripheral arterial diseases and revascularization of an ischemic limb. Objective. To study the effect of various modes of local administration of ADMSCs on nociceptive reactions, gait parameters, and soft tissue histostructure of the ischemic limb in rats. Material and methods. Experimental limb ischemia was induced in Wistar rats by transection of the common femoral artery with preliminary bilateral ligation. On the 7th day of the experiment, allogeneic ADMSCs were transplanted to the corresponding groups of animals in the amount of 1×106 cells/kg (single and double administration). An assessment of nociceptive reactions to a mechanical stimulus, gait parameters, as well as the histostructure of the soft tissues in the rat hind limb with ischemia was carried out. Results. Transplantation of ADMSCs at a dose of 1×106 cells/kg into the area of the hind limb ischemia, regardless of the multiplicity, weakened mechanical hyperalgesia, produced a protective effect on the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers, and contributed to the restoration of gait parameters. A single transplantation of ADMSCs proved to be more effective in terms of anti-inflammatory and anti-ischemic effects on the tissues of the ipsilateral limb. Conclusions. Local allogeneic transplantation of ADMSCs effectively attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia and gait disturbances caused by arterial transection, and prevented thinning of the myelin sheath of nerves in the area of vessel damage.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, QUALITY OF LIFE AND COMORBID PATHOLOGY OF PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Brynina A. V.
Published: March 2024

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing dermatosis, with a dominant genetic basis, characterized by hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation of epidermal cells, an inflammatory reaction in the dermis, and numerous biochemical, vascular and immunological abnormalities. The purpose is to study the frequency of individual skin symptoms, to assess the quality of life and concomitant pathologies in patients with psoriasis who received treatment at the Grodno Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary. Material and methods. The study involved 57 patients, of which 60% were men and 40% were women. The median age was 47 years. The clinical characteristics and concomitant diseases in patients with psoriasis, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI index) and the Dermatological Quality of Life Index (DQLI) were assessed. Results. 57 patients took part in the survey, of which 34 were men (60%) and 23 women (40%). The median age was 47 years. When analyzing the frequency of individual skin symptoms, the most frequently noted lesions were the scalp and seborrheic areas, 73.7% and 59.6%, respectively. The median value of the PASI index was 20.0, with a minimum value of 9 and a maximum of 48. Among the examined patients, the median of the DLQI index was 10 points, and more than 50% indicated a “moderate” decrease quality of life. Among the 57 patients surveyed, 27 (47%) had concomitant diseases. When considering the nature of comorbid conditions, diseases of the cardiovascular system and hypercholesterolemia with dyslipidemia were most often observed in patients with psoriasis, 26.3% and 21.1% according to general survey indicators. Conclusions. The problems of combined pathology in patients with psoriasis are relevant and require further indepth study and the search for scientifically based solutions that will improve the quality of medical care for patients with both isolated psoriasis and its combined course.
POLYMORPHISM OF COL1A1, VDR GENES IN PATIENTS WITH BONE CYSTS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Kvyatkovskaya O. A. , Anosov V. S. ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Minsk, Belarus, Gorchakova O. V. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Published: March 2024

Background. The relationship between the decrease in bone mineral density, a violation of bone metabolism and functionally defective alleles of the VDR and SOL1A1 genes was proved. Taking into account the peculiarities of bone biodynamics and the fact that in the period from 5 to 16 years, the bone mineral density increases by 3 times, which coincides with the age period for the detection of bone cysts in children, the study of polymorphism of the VDR and COL1A1 genes (which mainly regulate bone formation) in patients with bone cysts is relevant today. Aim. To investigate the polymorphism of collagen type 1 (COL1A1), vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes in children with bone cysts, to establish the influence of the gene factor on the development of this pathology. Material and methods. During the period from June to December 2021, the polymorphism COL1A1, VDR was studied in 27 patients diagnosed with bone cysts. 41 patients with other orthopedic and traumatological pathology were examined as comparison groups. Genotyping of polymorphic alleles of the VDR and COL1A1 gene was performed by "real time" polymerase chain reaction. Results. In patients with bone cysts, the frequency of heterozygous genotype AG and homozygous GG was the same – 37% for each, the AA genotype accounted for 26%. In children from the comparison group, heterozygous genotype AG and homozygous AA were found with the same frequency – 39% each, genotype GG – 22% each. In patients with bone cysts, the frequency of homozygous genotype AA and heterozygous CA was the same – 15% for each, the CC genotype accounted for 70%. In children from the comparison group, homozygous genotype CC was found in 70.5% of cases, heterozygous genotype CA – 27%, homozygous genotype AA – 2.5%. Conclusions. It was found that the percentage of mutant homozygous type for the VDR and COL1A1 genes is higher in patients with bone cysts. There is a certain genetically determined relationship between bone cysts and a violation of bone formation and bone resorption.
A CLINICAL CASE OF SUCCESSFUL 120-DAY COMPLEX TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS OF MITRAL VALVE WITH MIXOMATOUS DEGENERATION COMPLICATED BY CARDIOGENIC AND SEPTIC SHOCK WITH MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Yakubtsevich R. E. , Dzeshka M. S. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Rakashevich D. N. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Protasevich P. P. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Gavron I. V. ,   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus, Kotlinskaya I. B. ,   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus, Kononenko E. A. ,   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus, Kratkou K. O. ,   Grodno Regional Clinical Cardiology Center, Grodno, Belarus, Gerasimchik P. A. ,   Grodno Regional Clinical Cardiology Center, Grodno, Belarus, Stanishevskaja M. S. ,   Grodno Regional Clinical Cardiology Center, Grodno, Belarus
Published: March 2024

Annotation. Estimated incidence of infectious endocarditis (IE) is 13.8 cases per 100.000 subjects per year while mortality as high as 0.87 death cases per 100.000 patients demonstrating upstroke trend in majority countries in the world over past 30 years. Imaging positive for IE is among major diagnostic criteria of which transthoracic echocardiography is recommended as the first-line imaging modality in suspected IE. Negative, non-diagnostic or inconclusive results of echocardiography make diagnosis of IE challenging followed by treatment delays and poor outcomes. Within current clinical case we discuss the experience of diagnosis and successful treatment of IE of mitral valve with mixomatous degeneration and rupture of chordae tendineae that challenged vegetations detection and delayed surgical treatment followed by development of complications as cardiogenic and septic shock with multiple organ failure.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE THORACOPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH PECTUS EXCAVATUM
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Sushko A. A. , Kropa Ju. S. ,   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus, Kul S. A. ,   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus, Olejnik A. O. ,   Grodno University Clinic, Grodno, Belarus, Avdejchyk P. A. ,   Grodno Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Grodno, Belarus
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to a description of our own observations and treatment of patients with pectus excavatum. It is noted that approaches to surgical treatment of patients with pectus excavatum require increased efficiency and safety, which makes this issue relevant. Attention is focused on videothoracoscopic technologies in the form of inserting a plate under the sternum under the control of a videothoracoscopy. It has been established that the operation using the Nuss technique is the optimal method of surgical correction of pectus excavatum. The main advantage of surgery using the Nuss method is a good cosmetic effect and a stable long-term correction result. The use of thoracoscopic navigation reduces the risk of intraoperative complications, minimizes blood loss, reduces the invasiveness of the intervention, and reduces the duration of the operation and the patient’s time in the hospital.
PETR VASILYEVICH HARELIK (ON THE OCCASION OF THE 75TH BIRTHDAY)
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Dubrovschik O. I. , Dziashuk A. N. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Published: March 2024

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the experienced and authoritative Belarusian surgeon, clinician, teacher, scientist, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Belarus, Honorary Doctor of Grodno State Medical University, Head of the Department of general surgery, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor P. V. Harelik.
Adaptive learning in the Digital Age: integration of artificial intelligence and pedagogical techniques
Authors: Бычков В.А. , Патока С.С.
Published: March 2024

Введение: С наступлением цифровой эры образовательные системы по всему миру, в том числе в России, сталкиваются с необходимостью адаптации к новым технологическим реалиям. В частности, интеграция искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) и новаторских педагогических методик в учебный процесс вузов представляет собой важнейший аспект современного образования. Материалы и методы: В данной статье привлекаются данные из многочисленных исследований и проектов, реализованных в российских вузах с 2018 по 2023 год, включая анализ более 30 программ обучения, оснащённых элементами ИИ. Методологический подход включает сравнительный анализ, количественные и качественные исследования, а также кейс-метод. Результаты: Результаты исследований демонстрируют значительное повышение эффективности обучения благодаря применению ИИ: на 25-30% улучшилось усвоение материала студентами, а время на подготовку к экзаменам сократилось на 15-20%. В статье описываются конкретные примеры успешной интеграции ИИ в учебные программы, включая использование персонализированных обучающих алгоритмов, автоматизированных систем оценки и интерактивных виртуальных лабораторий. В эпоху неуклонного развития информационных технологий и глобализации образовательные системы испытывают острую потребность в адаптации к меняющимся условиям.

Introduction: With the advent of the digital era, educational systems around the world, including in Russia, are faced with the need to adapt to new technological realities. In particular, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and innovative pedagogical methods into the educational process of universities represents a critical aspect of modern education. Materials and methods: This article draws on data from numerous studies and projects implemented in Russian universities from 2018 to 2023, including an analysis of more than 30 training programs equipped with AI elements. The methodological approach includes comparative analysis, quantitative and qualitative research, and case method. Results: Research results demonstrate a significant increase in learning efficiency due to the use of AI: student learning has improved by 25-30%, and the time to prepare for exams has been reduced by 15-20%. The article describes specific examples of successful integration of AI into educational programs, including the use of personalized learning algorithms, automated assessment systems, and interactive virtual laboratories. In the era of steady development of information technology and globalization, educational systems are in dire need of adapting to changing conditions.
Cognitive architectures in educational systems of technological universities
Authors: Поморцева Н.В. , Куновски М.Н. , Коровяковский Д.Г.
Published: March 2024

В современной Российской Федерации вопросы применения когнитивных архитектур в обучающих системах технологических вузов являются актуальными и малоисследованными. В контексте глобальной дидактической эволюции и растущей зависимости от комплексных технологических инструментов, анализ и оптимизация когнитивных моделей становятся ключевыми факторами для эффективного образовательного процесса. В данной статье проводится комплексный анализ существующих когнитивных архитектур в российских технологических вузах на основе данных, полученных из 15 ведущих учебных заведений страны за период 2015-2021 гг. Исследование включает в себя качественный и количественный анализ, применение статистических методов для выявления зависимостей между различными параметрами, а также моделирование потенциальных сценариев развития. Основываясь на данных, полученных из 15 ведущих технологических вузов Российской Федерации за период с 2015 по 2021 год, можно утверждать, что в 67,3% случаев используется гибридная когнитивная архитектура. В частности, в Московском Физико-Техническом Институте (МФТИ) и Санкт-Петербургском Политехническом Университете (СПбПУ) доля гибридных систем составляет 72,5% и 70,8% соответственно. Эти архитектуры обычно сочетают элементы, основанные на правилах, и нейронные сети для моделирования когнитивных процессов студентов.

In the modern Russian Federation, the issues of the application of cognitive architectures in the teaching systems of technological universities are relevant and poorly researched. In the context of global didactic evolution and growing dependence on complex technological tools, analysis and optimization of cognitive models are becoming key factors for an effective educational process. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of existing cognitive architectures in Russian technological universities based on data obtained from 15 leading educational institutions of the country for the period 2015-2021. The study includes qualitative and quantitative analysis, the use of statistical methods to identify dependencies between different parameters, as well as modeling potential development scenarios. Based on data obtained from 15 leading technological universities of the Russian Federation for the period from 2015 to 2021, it can be argued that hybrid cognitive architecture is used in 67.3% of cases. In particular, at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) and St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), the share of hybrid systems is 72.5% and 70.8%, respectively. These architectures usually combine rule-based elements and neural networks to model students' cognitive processes.
AMERICA IN THE EYES OF DIPLOMATS AND PRIESTS OF TSAR RUSSIA: THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Pechatnov Valentin V. , Pechatnov Vladimir O.
Published: March 2024

The article examines the perception of the United States by Russian diplomats and priests of the Russian Orthodox Church in the United States in 1867–1917. The authors analyse the views of Russian diplomats and clergymen on various aspects of the American reality in the political, social, economic, scientific, technical, cultural and spiritual spheres. The research is based on a wide source base of domestic archives. Conclusions are drawn about the dual nature of perception of the United States by Russian diplomats and clergymen. On the one hand, they admired the level of economic, scientific and technological development of the United States, as well as the religiosity of Americans, on the other hand, they were critical of democracy and secularity of the American civilisation.
A SMARTPHONE IN A STUDENT’S HANDS: PROS AND CONS
Authors: Larionov Evgeny A. , Pustovit Svetlana O. , Larionova Valentina M.
Published: March 2024

This publication presents the results obtained as part of the search (preparatory) stage of an experiment on the problem of using mobile phones in the educational process. At this stage, the authors summarised the domestic and foreign experience and carried out an individual analysis of their own pedagogical work, including: an interview with the 1st–4th-year university students (“04.03.01 Chemistry” field of study); identification of possible ways for students to use phones for educational purposes; trial inclusion of tasks requiring the use of a smartphone when mastering certain academic disciplines. According to the research, positive and negative aspects of the use of a mobile phone in the educational process were identified, and a number of contradictions related to the ambiguity of understanding the problem under study were revealed
A FRENCH CONVERSATION CLUB AS A WAY TO FORM STUDENTS’ SELF-IDENTITY AT LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Luchina Elena V. , Tkachenko Yulia G. , Dudushkina Svetlana V.
Published: March 2024

The article reveals the role and advantages of a foreign language conversation club as an extracurricular form of educational activity and as a way to form students’ self-identity at a linguistics university. The authors examine the concept of self-identity and its components, as well as their implementation using the case of French-language films. The conclusion is made about the advantages of this method of educational activity, which allows students to determine their public position, join a certain cognitive, cultural, psychological and social (including professional) community.
DIAGNOSING THE QUALITY OF ORGANISATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN’S RUSSIAN CIVIC IDENTITY FORMATION AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL
Authors: Chukhin Stepan G. , Chukhina Elena V.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the rationale for the programme of monitoring of the quality of schoolchildren’s Russian civil identity formation at the municipal level. The criteria for the formation of Russian civic identity of schoolchildren are the components of the functional structure of this phenomenon: cognitive-semantic (regarded as the level of knowledge that is the basis for the formation of value orientations); emotional-axiological (assessed as the level of acceptance of value priorities); activity level (diagnosed as the level of distribution of a group of negative and positive manifestations in practical activities and social interactions).
FEATURES OF DISORDERS IN MNESTIC ACTIVITY OF PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL INFARCTION WITH LESION LOCALISATION IN THE LEFT AND RIGHT HEMISPHERES
Authors: Selkin Mikhail D.
Published: March 2024

The article presents a study of memory impairment in patients with different lesion localisation during an acute cerebrovascular event in the left and right hemispheres. The condition of 72 patients (average age of the sample 46.11±0.9 years) who were found to have damage to the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes of the brain was studied. The characteristics of the mnestic function were assessed using standard neuropsychological techniques. Damage to the left hemisphere led to significant difficulties in memorising texts, a decrease in verbal and auditory memory, the ability to build associative connections and use various mnemonic devices. The deficit in the functioning of the right hemisphere was distinguished by a large defect in memorising visual material. The identified “weaknesses” and “strengths” of patients are extremely important for the development of personalised rehabilitation programmes and future prediction of the recovery process after a cerebral infarction.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL RELIABILITY OF PHYSICAL TRAINING SPECIALISTS
Authors: Ivanov Evgeniy A. , Lychagina Svetlana V.
Published: March 2024

The article examines the psychological aspects of the professional reliability of military personnel – full-time physical training specialists. An ascertaining experiment was conducted using psychodiagnostic tools. The characterological features of specialists are considered, the operational assessment of the severity of such characteristics of an individual as well-being, activity, mood, level of general and situational anxiety is given. The results obtained can be considered as an indicator of the psychological well-being of an individual as a whole and as a preliminary forecast for reliability in professional activities of specialists.
دور الثقافة الإسلامية في مواجهة التغيرات في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: الزاحم عبدالعزيز عبدالله عبدالعزيز
Published: March 2024

كانت مكة المكرمة والمنطقة المحيطة بها- منذ قديم الزمن- مركزًا للحركة الإسلامية والتجارة، وكان للثقافة الإسلامية أثر كبير في المنطقة. ففي العصور الوسطى، كانت مكة المكرمة تجذب الحجاج والزوار من جميع أنحاء المسلمين؛ وبالتالي تعرفت المدينة على ثقافات متعددة من المسلمين. ومنذ تأسيس المملكة العربية السعودية في العام 1932م، كانت الثقافة الإسلامية والقيم الدينية وسيلة لتوحيد الناس وتعزيز الهوية الوطنية في المملكة. وتم تطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية كنظام قانوني رسمي في المملكة؛ مما يعكس تأثير الثقافة الإسلامية في المجتمع السعودي. وشهدت المملكة العربية السعودية- في السنوات الأخيرة- تغيرات في البنية التحتية، وتطور اجتماعي واقتصادي، وإنشاء: فنادق ومجمعات تجارية، ومراكز تسوق، ومنشآت حديثة أخرى. ومع ذلك، فإن القيم الإسلامية والتقاليد الثقافية لا تزال تُشكل جزءًا كبيرًا من الحياة اليومية في المملكة، وتؤثر بشكلٍ كبيرٍ في مواجهة التغيرات. يمكن القول: إن الثقافة الإسلامية تلعب دورًا مهمًّا في مواجهة التغيرات في المملكة العربية السعودية، حيث: تساعد على الحفاظ على الهوية الوطنية وتوحيد الناس، وتعزز القيم الإنسانية والمبادئ الأخلاقية والتسامح والتعايش السلمي بين المجتمعات المختلفة.
Flocculation and Cell Rupture in C. Vulgaris
Authors:   Department of Industrial Biotechnology, The Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco A.C (CIATEJ), México, S Khandual , H Santiago-Mateo ,   Department of Industrial Biotechnology, The Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco A.C (CIATEJ), México, AJ Maldonado-Ortiz ,   Department of Industrial Biotechnology, The Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco A.C (CIATEJ), México, FJ Bonilla-Ahumada ,   Department of Industrial Biotechnology, The Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco A.C (CIATEJ), México, JS Kumar ,   Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, USA
Published: March 2024

Among all carotenoids, the human body can easily convert β-carotene into retinol, which is a major ingredient in dietary supplements. In the United States, beta-carotene (95% pure) is permitted as a colorant under 21 CFR 73.95 and 21 CFR 166.110. In this study, we are reporting the evaluation of the content of lipids, β-carotene and lutein in the native strain of Chlorella vulgaris CIB 46 (from CIBNOR), Mexico during growth period to define the optimal harvest days for the specific products and future industrial use. This strain has the potential to produce lutein, β-carotene, lipids that can be used for functional foods. Chlorella vulgaris CIB 46 strain showed considerably high biomass productivity reaching almost 2.4g/L biomass on day 21 and reaching 3.0g/L on Day 24 in photobioreactors. Chlorella vulgaris presented a production of carotenoids up to 3.45mg/g at day 21. The Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that they contain high β-carotene and lutein in their carotenoid fraction based on the intensity of the band. Our study results showed that Chlorella vulgaris-CIB46 is a potential strain to produce main carotenes such as β-carotene and lutein, they are 0.35% of dry biomass. We obtained a notable amount of lipids that is 37% in Chlorella vulgaris CIB 46 measured by sulpho-valiline method of extraction with enzymatic pretreatment with enzyme Celluclast at 2%. Lipid content was high at 15 days of culture whereas we found β-carotene was higher at 15th and 21st day.
Prevalence of Visual Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini Review
Authors:   Department of Optometry, The Green International University Lahore, Pakistan, N Amin , M Arshad ,   Department of Optometry, The Green International University Lahore, Pakistan
Published: March 2024

The association between Visual Impairment (VI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains an important research topic among children suffering from developmental delays and disabilities. The objective of this mini review was to evaluate previous literature on prevalence and etiology of visual impairment, frequency of visual impairment and types of refractive errors associated with autism in children. Previous researches on ASD found that the visual impairment is one of the major factors in autistic children. Hence measurement of vision screening in autism disorder is necessary for better explanation of the problem. The etiologies of visual impairment in autistic children were associated with refractive error and strabismus. Identification of refractive error in ASD children and providing them suitable corrective lenses may improve their visual functions and help in their daily activities. With these findings in mind, there is an urgent need to investigate further in this area and developed more detailed research. The findings would help optometrist, ophthalmologist in understanding types of visual impairment in autism school children.
Marital Relationship, Quality of Life, and Life Satisfaction for Saudi Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   Master of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Moumenah Ayah , Al Enazi Mamdouh ,   Consultant, Transplant Psychology/Neuropsychology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: March 2024

It is very stressful for parents to raise children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which can create marital conflicts and relationship dissatisfaction. A variety of circumstances, including the intensity of their child’s behaviors, quality of life, and life satisfaction it plays significant role on the parents. This study aims to investigate the satisfaction of having a child with autism, on the marital relationship, life, and quality of life of the Saudi parents. A quantitative descriptive approach was used. A total of 49 Saudi parents of autistic children completed an online questionnaire. Overall results indicated that Saudi parents with autistic children are satisfied with their life, marital relationship, and their quality of life. In addition, results showed significant differences in life satisfaction and QOL of divorced Saudi parents of autistic children. On the other hand, there was no significant differences of married Saudi parents of autistic children. Furthermore, the study indicate that significant differences wasn’t observed between the Saudi fathers and mothers of autistic children.
Embedding Physics into Neural ODEs to learn Kinetics from Integral Reactors
Authors: Kircher Tim , Döppel Felix , Votsmeier Martin
Published: March 2024

While the digitalization of chemical research and industry is vastly increasing the amountof data for developing kinetic models, model parametrization is not keeping up. To take advantage of the full potential of this data, machine learning tools are required that autonomously learn kinetics from reactor data. Previously, we introduced Global Reaction Neural Networks with embedded stoichiometry and thermodynamics for kinetic modelling. When trained as a neural ordinary differential equation (neural ODE), they discovered kinetics from integral reactor measurements of an equilibrium limited steam reforming reactor whereas conventional neural ODEs failed. We now extend their application to another industrially relevant case of reactors operating at full conversion. Using the preferential oxidation of CO in H2 rich streams as an example, we show that the physics-embedded neural network discovers kinetics from stiff systems containing cases of both full conversion and equilibrium limitation using integral reactor data
The Extended Hydrogen Bond: A Coupling Pair of Flexible and Polarizable Dipoles
Authors: Sun Changqing
Published: March 2024

Being essential to life on earth, the hydrogen bond and its configuration, performance, and functionality become increasingly inspiring. We humbly share a three-body coupling X:R-Y system involving a pair of retractable and polarizable Z-X and R-Y dipoles. The (:) is the negative polar end of a dipole. The X:R-Y bond covers at least four situations, meets the unique criterion of force combination, and possesses at least five characteristics. Specifically, the lone-pair-engaged N/O:H-O/N/C bonds feature properly the performances of H2O and CHNO molecular assemblies; the dipolar MP or atomic vacancy V0 replaced MP:R-Y bonds could coordinate molecular physisorption for catalysis and hydrogen storage; and the polarity-inverted M^+-O_2-:M^P formed during chemisorption drives the oxidation bonding and electronic dynamics. The combination of X:R attraction and X:Y repulsion is decisive to the performance of the X:R-Y system that follows the hydrogen bond cooperability and polarizability (HBCP) regulation in the segmental length, energy, and specific heat [Sun et al, Phys Rep 2023; 998:1-68]. The X:R-Y exhibits extraordinary adaptivity, recoverability, sensitivity, catalytic capability, and chemical reactivity. A perturbation such as mechanical compression, thermal loading, electronic polarization, or molecular undercoordination changes the X—Y distance by lengthening one segment and shortening the other. The HBCP premise has substantiated the understanding of water ice anomalies, molecular hydration interfaces, CHNO energetic assemblies, and oxygen chemisorption, inspiring promising ways of thinking about single-atom catalysis and low-dimensional high-TC superconductivity. Further extension of this amplification to other areas such as biological science and cell engineering would be even more fascinating and promising.
Heuristics? What about them? –Review on the operation of heuristics in chemical education in the past two decades
Authors: Priyadarshini Rajashri , Dasgupta Chandan
Published: March 2024

Heuristics are evident in students’ reasoning processes in chemical education. This review of heuristics is a novel attempt to understand the use of heuristics in chemical education in the last two decades. Searches across four databases resulted in 21374 raw hits and an ultimate sample of 27 screened articles. We performed a content analysis on three goals--How has the definition of heuristics operationalized in these studies, what different chemical topics and tasks have been linked to the types of heuristics, and the different interventions explored in such heuristic studies. Our review reveals a lack of consistent defining features of heuristics in the chemical education field, an inclination towards ranking and comparison tasks and organic-inorganic chemistry topics, and a lack of sufficient research dedicated towards heuristic refinement in students. Our review restates the need to bridge the gap between research and practice of heuristics in chemical education.