bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, RISK BEHAVIOURS AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES ON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG STUDENTS IN A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Fatimah Sham  , Yaakub Syafiqah , Filzah Nur Fawati  , Siti Jazilah Fatinni  , Ain Aqiela Azamuddin
Published: January 2021

Increased rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among young adults between the ages of 15 and 24 years old had been one of the major concerns of the world. For each of the 20 million new recorded STDs cases, people within those age group were responsible for more than 50% of them. This cross-sectional study was done to determine the knowledge, attitudes, risky behaviours and preventive practices related to sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) among undergraduate students in a public university in Malaysia. A total of 1327 university students aged between 19 and 27 years were surveyed by using a self-administered questionnaire. The majority (75.1%) had good knowledge on STDs, and a significant number of students (53.8%) had acceptable preventive practice. Marital status was associated not only to the students’ level of knowledge but also with their preventive practices. Despite having a good knowledge of STDs, students in Science and Technology academic cluster perceived unacceptable preventive practices. This study highlighted some misconceptions about STDs, preventive practices and risky behaviours, raising concerns about a likely future rise in STD incidence. Therefore, interventions to implement strengthened health education on STD-related issues were required to bring change in practices, along with knowledge and attitudes.
PARENTS’ AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN’S REFRACTIVE ERROR. A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Al Ghailani Noof Ali Salim , Noushad Babu , Khurshid Faraz , Ismail Galal Mohamed
Published: January 2021

Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of moderate and severe visual impairment across the globe. An important driver for early detection and management of refractive errors among children is appropriate parental awareness. This study aims to understand the awareness and perception among parents of children with refractive errors utilizing the conceptual framework of Health Belief Model. This qualitative study focused to conduct semi-structured interviews of parents who sought eye care for their children. Thirty-five parents who visited an eye care center for refractive error correction of their children between 5 to 15 years of age were purposively selected. The four constructs of the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) were applied to prepare the interview guide. The voice records of participants were transcribed verbatim, coded and qualitatively analyzed to generate relevant themes. All participants were well aware of refractive errors and the implications of them on the visual and social development of children if they leave the errors untreated. However,there were varying perception about refractive error leading to serious consequences. The enanced quality of life with proper refractive correction prompted parents to seek timely eyecare for their children.
PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND PULMONARY FUNCTION STATUS OF RESTAURANT WORKERS
Authors: Jabbar Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jabbar , Retneswari Masilamani  , Lim Zhi Yik  , Chen Pei Fei  , Loh Xin Ni  , Emilia Chua Pei Yi  , Loh Yen Yee  , Wisam A Yassin
Published: January 2021

The cooking process may emit toxic compounds and airway irritants from both the fuel combustion and cooking fumes which is harmful to the respiratory health among the restaurant workers. A cross-sectional study of 243 restaurant workers from the selected restaurants in Sungai Long, Malaysia was conducted. The standardized British Medical Research Council questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (1986) was used during the interview to access the symptoms and the spirometry test was performed to evaluate the pulmonary functions of the participants. The data of socio-demography and occupational characteristics were also collected. The most complaint respiratory symptoms by the restaurant workers were breathlessness, which accounted for 33.7%, followed by wheezing (14%). The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the restaurant workers were within the normal range (>80%), except for the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) (79.09%). The results of the bivariate statistical analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test, showed the determining factors of the respiratory health among the workers were workers’ age and gender in addition to the working duration and the ethnicity. The restaurant workers in Sungai Long were at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and lower pulmonary function values due to prolonged exposure to cooking fumes. Emphasis should be given to the safety and health of restaurant workers and health education should be provided to the restaurant workers and owners. Strategies to increase notification of such occurrences among these workers should be looked into by related agencies in the country.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG STREET FOOD VENDORS IN TAUNGGYI TOWNSHIP, MYANMAR: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Soe Htway Tin Aung , Kallawicha Kraiwuth
Published: January 2021

Food safety is a growing public health concern worldwide. Street foods are an integral part of many cultures and offer at affordable prices. However, it is associated with food safety issues, especially in developing countries. Therefore, it is essential that street food vendors understand and implement food safety practices to prevent outbreaks of food-borne illnesses. This cross-sectional study investigated the food safety knowledge and practices as well as their associated factors among street food vendors in Taunggyi Township, Myanmar. Validated structured questionnaires were used to interview 158 street food vendors, and a set of observational checklists was used to inspect the sanitary conditions of vending sites and vendors’ food hygiene practices. The association between food safety knowledge and practices was assessed using a chi-squared test. Our results revealed that most vendors had a high level of food safety knowledge and that 58.9% scored equal to or lower than the median value in food safety practices, whereas 41.1% scored higher than the median value (median=15). Sex and education level were significantly associated with participants’ food safety knowledge (p < 0.001). Similarly, education, race and monthly income were significantly associated with their food safety practices (p < 0.001), whereas food safety training attendance had no association. Additionally, participants with better knowledge scores were more likely to have better practice scores. Food safety training given to vendors should be more detailed and comply with standard guidelines, especially with regard to street food safety practices.
Exploring the Wildlife Value Orientations of Locals Working in Community-Based Marine Wildlife Tourism in the Philippines
Authors: Ziegler Jackie A. , Araujo Gonzalo , Labaja Jessica , Snow Sally , Ponzo Alessandro , Rollins Rick , Dearden Philip
Published: January 2021

Wildlife tourism can act as an incentive for the conservation of marine species and habitats. One of the most important outcomes can be a change in the views of participants towards target species and their habitats that may promote more conservation-oriented actions. While a handful
of studies have documented the wildlife value orientations (WVOs) of tourists participating in marine wildlife tourism, no studies have explored the WVOs of locals working in tourism. However, it is equally important to understand the WVOs of locals working in community-based tourism, and
whether these are linked with changes in locals' attitudes and behaviors towards marine wildlife and the ocean. This article assesses the WVOs of locals working in community-based whale shark tourism at four sites in the Philippines, and explores the relationship between WVOs and conservation
attitudes and behaviors using a mixed methods approach with a total of 114 structured interviews. Three WVO groups were identified (mixed utilitarian–protectionist, moderate protectionist, and high protectionist), suggesting a WVO continuum. Those respondents with more protectionist
views reported more conservation outcomes, including changes in attitudes and behaviors to protect whale sharks. Further, respondents who worked in tourism had more protectionist views than those from a failed tourism site, indicating that tourism can change communities by helping locals value
their marine resources and incentivizing protection of those resources.
THE ESTIMATION OF THE OF ASSIMILATION OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL DEGREE BY STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS COURSE IN DISTANCE EDUCATION
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Izmajlov E.P. , Golubeva N.D. ,   Samara State Technical University, Klimova E.S. ,   Samara University of public administration «International Market Institute»
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the influence of the unsettling situation on assimilation of educational material during the distance education. The questionnaire «Hospital Fnxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)" has been adapted to estimate the degree of material assimilation. A survey was conducted among 2nd year full-time students of SamSTU studying mathematics, the results of the survey were processed and analyzed. It was found that 87.5% of women and 89.65% of men have anxious expectations during distance learning, and 41.37% had moderate anxiety. in boys and 43.75% of girls, high anxiety was observed in 48.28% of boys and 43.75% of girls. With a normal perception of a lesson or lecture (0-7 points on the questionnaire), the assimilation of educational material is 80% – 100%, depending on the General training and abilities of the student, with an average degree of anxiety (8-10 points on the questionnaire).
Pengembangan Sistem Manajemen Pengetahuan pada Unit Kemahasiswaan
Authors: Andhika Prasetyo Utomo  , Ariq Cahya Wardhana  , Cepi Ramdani
Published: January 2021

Kemahasiswaan merupakan wadah bagi mahasiswa untuk mengembangkan minat dan bakat mahasiswa baik sesuai dengan bidang keilmuannya atau lintas bidang. Sehingga kemahasiswaan memiliki fokus membahas informasi mengenai program-program yang akan di perguruan tinggi. Masalah yang timbul di Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto adalah pengetahuan yang dimiliki mahasiswa belum terdokumentasi dengan baik sehingga proses berbagi pengetahuan menjadi tidak efektif. Sistem manajemen pengetahuan merupakan salah satu cara untuk menumbuhkan budaya saling berbagi knowledge (sharing knowledge) antar individu maupun organisasi. Salah satu cara pengembangan manajemen pengetahuan adalah dengan membuat aplikasi dengan berbasis web yang nantinya berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan, menyimpan dan membagian pengetahuan yang ada. sistem yang akan dibangun menggunakan metode Knowledge Management System Life Cycle. Dalam perancangannya sistem yang akan dibangun berbasis website dengan menggunaan framework laravel dengan bahasa PHP dan MySQL sebagai database server. Sistem ini memiliki klasifikasi KMS yang berjalan dengan baik yaitu knowledge capture, knowledge sharing, serta knowledge discovery.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Sistem Air Conditioner Berbasis Android Sketchware di Politeknik Dharma Patria
Authors: Bahtiar Wilantara  , Hamid Nasrullah  , Akhmad Nurwahid
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis android sketchware untuk kompetensi sistem air conditioner di Politeknik Dharma Patria. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian pengembangan (research and development) yang terdiri dari analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Politeknik Dharma Patria Prodi Teknik Mesin Otomotif. Uji produk dilakukan oleh dua ahli materi dan media untuk mengetahui kelayakan, serta pengujian pada pengguna akhir yaitu mahasiswa prodi teknik mesin otomotif. Hasil penelitian: 1) pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis android terdiri dari delapan komponen, yaitu: sejarah, komponen, kelistrikan, cara kerja, perawatan, soal, dan jobsheet sistem air conditioner. (2) Penilaian kelayakan ahli materi dalam kategori sangat layak dengan skor retata 77. Penilaian kelayakan ahli media dalam kategori sangat layak dengan skor rerata 75. 3) Media pembelajaran berbasis android sketchware untuk kompetensi sistem air conditioner efektif digunakan di Politeknik Dharma Patria.
Pengujian Kabin Sirkulasi Pendingin pada Trainer Simulator Air Conditioning Mobil
Authors: Nasrullah Hamid , Wilantara Bahtiar , Parikhin  , Prastaji Barlin
Published: January 2021

Pengujian sirkulasi pada trainer simulator air conditioning mobil bertujuan untuk menguji media pembelajaran simulator sistem air conditioning mobil dengan perantara bahan plastik sebagai bilik kondisi ruangan tertutup pada praktikum mata kuliah sistem air conditioning mobil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitan deskriptif dan dokumentasi. Untuk memperkuat hasil penelitian yang memiliki relevansi yang erat dengan pokok permasalahan maka pengambilan data dengan cara observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil pengujian pada trainer simulator air conditioning pada menit ke-20 yaitu: 1) kecepatan putaran blower tinggi suhu kabin rata-rata 17˚C, 2) Kecepatan blower sedang suhu kabin di bawah 17˚C, dan 3) Kecepatan blower rendah rata-rata suhu kabinnya 20˚C.
Diversifikasi Pengolahan Potensi Buah Rambutan Desa Ciruluk Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Adhan Efendi  , Enceng Sobari  , Roni Suhartono  , Hamid Nasrullah  , Yohanes Sinung Nugroho
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pembuatan alat, pelatihan diversifikasi dan pelatihan manajemen untuk petani buah rambutan di Desa Ciruluk, Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tanggal 12 Februari – 30 Juli 2020. Hasil Pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah adanya alat yang membantu proses pemanen buah rambutan, pelatihan pembuatan olahan buah rambutan dan pembentukan kelompok usaha bersama. Program pengabdian Masyarakat ini sebagai bentuk pelaksanaan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi bagi POLSUB dan menyambung tali silaturami Antara Perguruan Tinggi dengan Masyarakat
Peningkatan Kapabilitas Teknologi dalam Menghadapi Era Disrupsi pada Generasi Milenial melalui Webinar
Authors: Chandra Arifianto  , Susilo Anom , Mutawali  , Tajuddien Rahadyan , Romdonih Faisal
Published: January 2021

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan paradigma perlunya meningkatkan kapabilitas penggunaan teknologi terutama ponsel pintar pada generasi milenial. Ternyata banyak konsumen yang membeli kebutuhannya secara daring dan itu merupakan kesempatan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh para generasi milenial adalah pemanfaatan ponsel pintar yang tidak maksimal karena kurangnya minat dan tidak menariknya wirausaha melalui daring. Metode pelatihan berupa pemberian materi secara daring melalui webinar, peserta dapat bertanya secara langsung tanpa perlu berkumpul. Pada akhir kegiatan dilakukan dengan sesi tanya jawab sebagai bentuk evaluasinya. Hasil setelah mengikuti pelatihan, paradigma mereka terbuka untuk memunculkan minat mereka untuk memulai usaha secara daring dengan memanfaatkan ponsel pintar mereka
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Anggota Posyandu Lanjut Usia Pinilih Gumpang Tentang Komplikasi Luka Kaki Pada Penderita Diabetes
Authors: Okti Sri Purwanti
Published: January 2021

Para warga lanjut usia merupakan populasi yang sering terkena berbagai jenis penyakit yang berkaitan dengan penuaan/degenerative yang salah satunya adalah Diabetes. Penyakit Diabetes tipe 2 atau Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) di populasi lanjut usia prevalensinya sangat tinggi yaitu sekitar 6 persen. Analisa situasi yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa lansia yang angka proporsinya tinggi ditunjang dengan rentan terhadap risiko diabetes perlu diberikan penyuluhan kesehatan untuk peningkatan pengetahuan mereka mengenai luka kaki diabetes. Metode penyuluhan kesehatan ditawarkan sebagai solusi karena banyak pembuktian dari studi dan penelitian serta publikasi di jurnal yang menunjukkan keefektifan penuluhan kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku perawatan kaki diabetes. Pada penyuluhan yang ditawarkan nantinya akan berupa sesi ceramah, tanya jawab serta diskusi dan demonstrasi. Sebagai alat ukur untuk menilai keefektifan penyuluhan tersebut diberikan soal pre test dan post test.
Pelatihan Regulasi Emosi untuk Meningkatkan Strategi Regulasi Emosi pada Mahasiswa Psikologi FIP Unesa yang terdampak Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mulyana Olievia Prabandini , Umi Anugerah Izzati  , Meita Santi Budiani  , Ni Wayan Sukmawati Puspita Dewi
Published: January 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang harus dihadapi Indonesia saat ini. Pandemi Covid-19 dapat menimbulkan emosi negatif pada mahasiswa seperti mudah kesal, sedih, marah, cemas, lelah, tidak bersemangat dan emosi lain yang dapat berubah-ubah. Mahasiswa perlu memiliki keterampilan untuk mengelola emosi negatif saat pandemi Covid-19 yang disebut juga dengan regulasi emosi. Pelatihan regulasi emosi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan mahasiswa mengenai regulasi emosi. Metode yang digunakan pada pelatihan regulasi emosi ini meliputi brainstorming, permainan, diskusi, dan roleplay. Hasil dari pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan regulasi emosi mahasiswa antara sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan regulasi emosi. Kemampuan regulasi emosi mahasiswa meningkat setelah mengikuti pelatihan regulasi emosi dan mempraktekkan hasil pelatihan pada saat bertindak atau berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya
Desain Elemen Branding dan Implementasi Digital Marketing untuk Penguatan Citra Destinasi Benteng Kedung Cowek Surabaya
Authors: Wibawa Berto Mulia , Gita Widi Bhawika  , Geodita Woro Bramanti  , Anandita Ade Putri  , Rachma Rizqina Mardhotillah
Published: January 2021

Benteng Kedung Cowek (BKC) dengan keindahan destinasi benteng kuno dan cerita sejarah kepahlawanan yang terkandung dibaliknya, sangat berpotensi untuk menjadi tujuan wisata sejarah yang terkenal di Kota Surabaya. Tetapi, kawasan tersebut belum sepenuhnya dikembangkan untuk keperluan pariwisata, sehingga belum banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat maupun wisatawan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membantu pengelola dan stakeholders BKC dalam merancang aspek branding kawasan dan peningkatan citra destinasi. Melalui desain elemen merek dan implementasi strategi digital marketing yang tepat, diharapkan BKC yang sejak Tahun 2019 telah menyandang predikat bangunan cagar budaya, akan semakin dikenal dan berdampak positif bagi peningkatan kontribusi sektor pariwisata di Jawa Timur, peningkatan aspek perekonomian kota, dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang tinggal disekitar BKC.
Prevalencia de dislexia del desarrollo en estudiantes panameños
Authors: Cubilla-Bonnetier Daniel , Solís Abdel , Farnum Francisco , Caballero Jessibeth
Published: January 2021

El trastorno del desarrollo del aprendizaje con dificultades en la lectura, o dislexia del desarrollo, es una dificultad de tipo neurobiológico, crónico y con un componente genético que afecta a la funcionalidad de lectura y que, por sus consecuencias escolares, emocionales y sociales, constituye un problema de salud pública que merece una especial atención sanitaria y educativa, para cuyo abordaje es imprescindible conocer el tamaño de la población afectada. Para poder llevar a cabo una estimación de la prevalencia de dislexia en la Ciudad de Panamá, se efectuó una evaluación individualizada de los niños y niñas de una muestra intencional de 216 estudiantes de 4° a 6° grado de Primaria pertenecientes a escuelas públicas y particulares. Se halló una prevalencia de 5.56% de dislexia, sin diferencias relevantes entre géneros y entre sistema educativo público/particular. Se relacionan los resultados con los de otros estudios similares efectuados con participantes de lengua española y se discuten las proporciones encontradas de subtipos de dislexia.
El TERCE en Panamá: una mirada a los logros de aprendizaje y factores asociados
Authors: Jackson Daysi , Arrocha Rosa , Estrella Jaime
Published: January 2021

Este artículo muestra los resultados de Panamá de un estudio mixto, que en su etapa inicial utilizó los datos generados por el Tercer Estudio Regional Comparativo Explicativo (TERCE) llevado a cabo por el Laboratorio Latinoamericano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación (LLECE) de la UNESCO.  Nuestra investigación muestra los resultados promedios de las pruebas, los niveles de desempeño y factores asociados.  Se cuantificó el efecto de las escuelas en la variabilidad de los logros de aprendizaje, a través de un modelo regresión multinivel.  Se estudió la asociación entre el logro de aprendizaje y las características de estudiantes, docentes y directores, mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson para las variables cuantitativas, mientras que para las variables cualitativas se empleó el Coeficiente de Gamma. En relación a los factores asociados, a nivel de alumno, los de incidencia negativa fueron repitencia y si el alumno trabaja.  En contraste, los de incidencia positiva fueron tener libros y cuadernos, la motivación de los maestros hacia sus alumnos de continuar estudiando y la explicación que el maestro da a sus alumnos en clase. El estudio permitió hacer algunas recomendaciones para mejorar el aprendizaje efectivo en Panamá.
Revisión literaria e histórica de medidas de complejidad de proyectos y desempeño de proyectos
Authors: Polo Ábrego Héctor , Palma Yarissa
Published: January 2021

Esta revisión literaria es una indagación acerca de metodologías de medición del desempeño y complejidad de los proyectos, que evidencia la no existencia de una comparación entre ambas mediciones bajo la definición estándar de desempeño.  Se establece la diferencia entre las metodologías holísticas o cualitativas, y aquellas basadas en la teoría de grafos aplicada, y se exploran las variaciones y tendencias actuales de mediciones del desempeño y el éxito de los proyectos, llevándonos a reevaluar definiciones de los conceptos investigados y apreciar las ventajas que resultan en utilizar los métodos basados en la teoría de grafos aplicada. Se concluye que los cronogramas de obra pueden, de estar bien realizados, ser utilizados como base para la medición de la complejidad de proyectos.
Legal State is the Goal of the Rule of Law
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ershov V.V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The term “legal state” can be found in numerous international and national legal instruments, as well as in the works of contemporary scholars and scholars of previous generations. This word combination is widely used by politicians and lawyers. Its various applications dictate the need for a definition of the essence of the “rule of law” and its manifestations. Theoretical Basis. Methods. From the position of scientifically grounded concept of integrative legal understanding, according to which only principles and norms of law contained in a single, multilevel and developing system of national and international law forms implemented in the state, the article concludes that it is theoretically debatable that in the special literature, international and national legal documents and legal acts two separate concepts of “rule of law” and “legal state” exist. Results. The notion of the rule of law has a long history of development. In the relevant context, the concept appeared as early as in the writings of Plato and Aristotle. At present, there are also many scientific works devoted to the study of this issue, which is still relevant. The article analyses the notion of the “rule of law” from the perspective of legal positivism as well as the scientifically grounded and scientifically debatable concept of integrative legal understanding. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the concept of “the rule of law” has evolved in different historical epochs under the influence of social, economic factors, emerging scientific views, but is still incomplete. From the perspective of the scientifically based concept of an integrative legal understanding, the author believes that it is theoretically more reasonable to view the rule of law as the goal of regulating legal relations in a legal state, self-limited not only by “internal” law, but also limited by “external” law. Discussion and Conclusion. Concepts of the rule of law according to the types of legal understanding of the researchers can be classified into concepts developed on the basis of: legal positivism (‘thin’ concepts; scientifically debatable concepts of integrative legal understanding, arguably synthesising both the right and the wrong); scientifically substantiated concepts of integrative legal understanding. According to the latter approach, a valid legal state is not only self-limited by “internal” law, but is also limited by “external” law, and theoretically more precisely by the principles and norms of law contained in a single, evolving and multilevel system of national and international law forms.
Cities, Globalized Hubs, and Nationalism in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Kamrava Mehran
Published: January 2021

This article examines the three major cities of the Persian Gulf region — Doha, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai. At the regional level, all three cities have become transportation hubs, and Doha and Abu Dhabi have become educational and cultural centers. At the global level, however, only
Dubai has succeeded in becoming a key node in international networks of finance, commerce, services, tele communications, logistics, and transportation. The others' aspirations to become global cities are undermined by continued reliance on oil and gas revenues. On balance, while these cities
are comparatively successful regional hubs, their long-term position as global cities is far from certain.
Anxiety and Depression among Individuals who are Confined to their Homes due to Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shamoon Sheena , Ms. Khushbakht , Khan Saleha Ahmed , Sajid Maheen , Hussain Syeda Rija , Hassan Maham
Published: January 2021

Aims/objectives: Coronavirus pandemic has been declared a health emergency worldwide. Millions of people have been affected by it. The objective of this study was to assess anxiety and depression among people who are confined to their homes due to the covid-19 pandemic so that measures can be taken to reduce the frequency and effects of psychological distress during mass lockdowns in the future.Materials and methods: The study population consisted of educated adults of Rawalpindi and Islamabad who have been under strict lockdown. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Informed consent was taken. Data were collected via a questionnaire based on the HADS scale. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 was used.Results: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 615 individuals, out of which 15 did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The majority were females (80.2%). The average age was 22.6 years. 37.5% were found to have anxiety, whereas 21% had depression. Borderline cases of anxiety and depression were 27.5% and 28.3%, respectively. The frequency of anxiety and depression was found to be higher in females than males, 39.5% vs 29.4%, and 22.4% vs 11.5% respectively. The correlation of HADS scores with other demographic parameters was studied, but no significant relationship was found.Conclusions: The study reveals a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among individuals during lockdowns. The development of a comprehensive educational and emotional support system is required for the improvement of the mental health of individuals.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Pus Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Tameez-ud-Din Ahsan , Sadiq Abdullah , Chaudhary Noman Ahmed , Bhatti Awais Ahmed , Lehrasab Raja Saeed , Khan Muhammad Talha
Published: January 2021

Background: Wound infection is one of the most common causes of mortality and prolonged hospital stay worldwide. The emergence of resistant strains of bacteria poses a serious threat to the eradication of hospital-acquired infections. The objective of this study is to find the most common bacterial isolates in the pus samples and to assess their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from August 2017 to December 2017 by using convenient sampling. The pus samples of all the patients, tested in the department, were included in the study. Sampling was done using blood and MacConkey agar and antibiotic sensitivity were done on Muller Hinton agar. Data was analyzed using SPSS v-23.0.Results: The most common bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (29.6%) followed by Escherichia coli (23.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7%). S. aureus was most sensitive to vancomycin (100%) whereas E. coli and P. aeruginosa showed the highest sensitivity to imipenem (90.7%) and tazocin (80%), respectively.Conclusion: The most common bacterial isolate in pus cultures is S. aureus. Vancomycin is highly effective against S. aureus.
Frequency of Tuberculosis and Malignancy in Transudative-pleural effusions: A rare but real finding
Authors: Qureshi Abdul Rasheed , Irfan Muhammad , Bilal Huma , Sajid Muhammad , Ashraf Zeeshan
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of tuberculosis and malignancy in transudative pleural effusions.Material and Method: The study was conducted in Pulmonology-OPD, Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital Lahore from Oct. 2017 to Feb. 2019. One hundred and twenty-eight consecutive patients with transudative pleural effusions and 14-69 years age, willing for invasive investigations & ADA estimation were included, while those not willing for further investigations, participation in the study, and exudative effusions were excluded. The clinical features, pleural fluid analysis findings, ADA(Adenosine deaminase) estimation results, hematology, echocardiography, bronchoscopy, Lymph node biopsy, CT-thorax, ultrasound chest & abdomen results were recorded on a preformed proforma. Findings were summarized, tabulated, and analyzed statistically using SPSS-16 software.Results: Out of 1370 cases of pleural effusion, 128 cases (9.34%) with pleural transudate were isolated. In all patients, pleural fluid protein/serum protein level was < 0.5. The age ranged 14-69 years with a mean of 39 years + 11.3. Fifty-two cases (40.62%) had right-sided, 38 cases (29.68%) left-sided while 38 cases (29.68%) had bilateral pleural effusions. Seventy-six aspirates (59.37%) were yellow, 20 (15.62%) reddish, 18 (14.06%) straw-colored and 14 fluids (10.93%) were watery in color. Out of 128 transudative effusions, malignant etiology was found in 23 cases (17.96%), tubercular in 17 cases (13.28%) and 19 cases (14.84%) of Para-pneumonic origin were detected.Conclusion: Tuberculosis and malignancy can be the possible etiology of transudative effusion.
Prevalence and severity of Depressive illness among youth coming to Psychiatry Out-patient department of District Headquarter Hospital (DHQ), Sargodha
Authors: Dawood Rida , Nazir Aftab , Javed Muhammad Shahid , Rauf Kashif , Tanveer Zunera , Malik Shoaib Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Prevalence and severity of depressive illness among the youth are on the rise. Objective: To examine the prevalence and severity of depressive illness among youth coming to the psychiatry outpatient department of District Headquarters Hospital, Sargodha. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population includes young people (15-24 years) coming to the Out-patient Department of Psychiatry in District Headquarters Hospital, Sargodha. The duration of the study was from 1st February 2018 to 20th May 2018. 50 patients were selected through the convenience sampling technique. Beck’s depression inventory-II semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from people aged 15-24 years coming to psychiatry OPD. The diagnosis was made as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Chi-square applied. P-value of 0.05 taken as cut off value. Results: Depression was present in 64% of the study participants. Among female participants, 77.42% of females while among male participants, 42.11% of males were suffering from depression (P-value=0.012) which shows that there is a significant association between gender and depression. Overall, 50% of the participants were mildly depressed, 34.37% were moderately depressed and only 15.63% were severely depressed (P-value = 0.618). Among depressed, 75% were 20-24 years old and 25% were 15-19 years old. Conclusion: Prevalence of depression is found to be more among women and in the young age group 20-24 years. Therefore, regular psychiatric screening, treatment, and follow-up are recommended in an educational institute for early diagnosis and treatment.
The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS): A case report in an infant
Authors: Surani Muhammad Khalil , Noureen Asia , Khizar Umair , Tabasum Summera
Published: January 2021

Background: Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disease having an incidence of 1/20-40,000, live births. KTS is a congenital, vascular disorder affecting usually one or rarely more than one limbs. It is characterized by port wine stain (capillary malformation), limb hemihypertrophy and other vascular anomalies.

Case presentation: We present a case of this rare disorder in an infant who presented at an early stage of this disorder. The index case presented to us with a port wine stain and soft tissue edema of right lower limb. The Doppler scan showed venous malformation of right leg. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and radiological criteria.

Conclusion: The case is being reported in order to increase awareness among medical professionals.
E-Learning amid COVID-19 Pandemic: An Experience by medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zeb Shazia , Yasmeen Sumaira , Umar Muhammad , Asghar Rai Muhammad , Hafeez Yumna
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of e-learning and hurdles confronted to the undergraduate medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University in continuation of academics during COVID-19 pandemic.

Subjects & Methods: A survey was carried out during July 2020 to scrutinize the experience of 1041 medical students enrolled at Rawalpindi Medical University regarding their academic experience through Microsoft Teams. A self- structured questionnaire was digitally administered for this purpose to gather their responses about academic coverage, prior intimation about the lecture topic, opportunities for interaction with teachers, internet connectivity and various teaching methods employed by the teachers and recommendations for improvement. The data was analyzed by means of SPSS version 25.0. Percentages were computed for responses on all the variables.

Results: Total 1041 medical students gave feedback regarding their e-learning through Microsoft Teams. Theoretical aspect coverage, prior intimation of topic to be covered and student-teacher interaction during online classes were satisfactory according to 68%, 85% and 61% of students respectively. About 70% respondents claimed frequent internet connectivity issues during e-learning while 63% found Microsoft Teams interface incompatible. Broad band internet connection at home was available to only 60.10% students. Most (25%) students wanted improvement in software for smooth execution of their e-learning.

Conclusion: Although online learning proved as blessing in disguise amid COVID-19 pandemic but being new experience for both students and teachers some problems were faced that can easily be rectified.
Comparison of Endoscopic Tympanoplasty with Microscopic Tympanoplasty
Authors: Qureshi Nausheen , Baig Muhammad Musharaf , Parvez Misbah , Masood Sundas , Afzal Memoona
Published: January 2021

Background:

Minimally invasive surgery has recently been developed along with endoscopic techniques. Endoscopic Ear Surgery is becoming popular with its anatomic and physiologic concepts. Tympanoplasty is one of the commonest operations performed for the middle ear. While using the endoscope we can place the graft accurately while avoiding unnecessary post or endaural incision and soft tissue dissections which are mandatory during tympanoplasty using a microscope.  Our study was aimed to compare the outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty in terms of graft uptake, hearing outcome and postoperative pain.

Methods:

 This is a retrospective comparative study of 63 patients who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty at Holy Family Hospital ENT Department from March 2017 to March 2020. The subjects were classified into 2 groups; Endoscopic tympanoplasty (ET, n=30),  Microscopic Tympanoplasty (MT, n=33). Type 1 Tympanoplasty, was the procedure done on patients of both the groups.

Demographic data, perforation size of the tympanic membrane at preoperative state, pure tone audiometric results preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, operation time, sequential postoperative pain scale (NRS-11), and graft success rate were evaluated.

 Results :

The perforation size of the tympanic membrane in the Endoscopic group and the microscopic group was nearly the same (p=.877). Pre and post-operative air-bone gaps including air and bone conduction thresholds were not significantly different between the two groups. The graft success rate in the endoscopic and Microscopic group was 93.3% and 63.3% respectively; the values were significantly different(p=0.0046). Immediate and 6 hours postoperative pain was similar in both the groups, however pain on ist postoperative day was significantly lower in the endoscopic group.

Conclusion:

We can do minimal invasive tympanoplasty with the help of endoscopes with better graft success rate, less preoperative time, and less postoperative pain.
Fallow Time and Managing Aerosol Generation in Dental Clinics–Current Evidence and Financial Investment Implications
Authors: Fazal Ghani Fazal Ghani
Published: January 2021

Recently, the Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) was tasked to perform a rapid review on the guidelines related to factors mitigating the effect of aerosol generation during dental procedures and reduction in fallow-time. Review1, reflecting the tireless work by the SDCEP review board can be truly considered as a report that the profession has been looking for. The SDCEP’s review comes at a time when the science has not been comprehensive and doesn’t outline how to best ensure public and staff safety in the dental clinic.2 He hopes that the government policy and any new instructions will now reflect the recommendations made in this review.Considering the issues of continued frustration of the dental profession, towards the end of June, the Office of the Chief Dental Officers (CDOs) in the UK tasked the SDCEP to get to grips with the matter. It is worth-noting that SDECP3 has been held in high regard for its outstanding work on antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic prophylaxis, dental amalgam, and periodontal care, and has been praised by all the CDOs in the UK four countries including England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. In response, the SDCEP immediately convened a multidisciplinary working group to identify and appraise all the available evidence concerning the generation and mitigation of aerosol dentistry and the associated risk of COVID-19 transmission. The aim was to reach a number of agreed position statements informing policy and clinical guidance.The review members’ dedication, commitment, and clinical and academic expertise have been hugely impressive.2 All worked for almost three months and there were; remarkable academics, virologists, physicists, public health officials, and other wet-fingered dentists. The process required hours of virtual meetings piled on top of intensive review work. To complete the review, everyone almost felt like being a student again waking up to spend hours on physics of relevance to aerosol and epidemiology of airborne viral diseases.
Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella typhi XDR Infection at Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals
Authors: Izhar Kausar , Ahmed Kiran , Rehan Maryyam , Umar Muhammad , Ikram Nadeem , Akhter Naeem
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella typhi (XDR) in RMU Allied Hospitals.

Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Material and Methods: It is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at RMU Allied Hospitals from January 2019–December 2019. Blood culture samples were received in the pathology lab, they were collected by simple random sampling and processed by conventional incubation. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done on Muller Hinton agar using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and antibiotic zone diameters were measured according to CLSI guidelines.

Results: Out of the total 8045 cultures, 911 (11%) showed growth, among which 179 (20%) were Salmonella typhi and 135 (15%) XDR Salmonella. Meropenem revealed the highest sensitivity, Chloramphenicol, and Augmentin revealed the highest resistance.

Conclusion: Blood culture results revealed Salmonella typhi 20% with a significant number of XDR Salmonella 15%. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern exhibits Meropenem and Azithromycin as the only antibiotics for XDR Salmonella. Salmonella typhi infection has a significantly high prevalence among children as compared to adults. (p=0.0017) Injudicious use of antibiotics is one of the important aspects of the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella.
Role of Oxidative Stress in various stages of Psoriasis
Authors: Khan Fearoz , Ahmed Zahoor , Ishaq Hajira , Khan Sadia Azam , Iqbal Mohammad , Ahmad Mohammad Tayyab
Published: January 2021

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, immune mediated, provocative and challenging skin condition. It is a non-contagious but debilitating disease and a leading cause of socioeconomic burden on the health system.

Objective: To evaluate the role of antioxidant levels, lipid peroxidation status and lipid profile in the etiology and degree of severity of psoriatic illness among psoriasis patients presenting in Dermatology department.

Study Design: This study was carried out as a retrospective case control study.

Place and duration of Study: It was carried out by the Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI) in collaboration with Departmnt of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar and Department of Skin and Venereal disease, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) Karachi.

Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty cases (n=130) of already diagnosed psoriasis patients were randommely and fifty healthy matched controls (n=50) of the same age and gender were included from the general population for comparison. Lipid profile including serum total cholesterol, TG, HDL-c and LDL-c levels were measured by enzyme colorimetric analysis on Micro Lab 300 (Merck & Germany). Antioxidant status SOD and lipid peroxidation status MDA were measured by ELISA technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software Version 16. In this analysis, a “p” value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results: The study showed significantly elevated levels of MDA, serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-c levels in psoriatic patients in comparison with controls, whereas SOD levels and HDL-c levels were found to be significantly lower in psoriatic patients as compared to normal healthy matched controls.

Conclusion: The findings of this study support the hypothesis that an imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant system may play a role in the etiology of psoriasis and the degree of severity of its presentation. The study also concluded that dyslipidemia was an observed risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in psoriatic patients..
A comparative study to evaluate effects on HCV-RNA-PCR by current oral anti-viral therapy with Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in Hepatitis C patients with and without Diabetes Melitis in Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Kashif , Dogar Zahoor Ul Hasan , Afzal Adnan , Hussain Fawad , Warraich Sikander Hayat , Zaheer Kashif
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the effects of antiviral therapy such as sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in HCV patients which were diagnosed by HCV-RNA PCR without Diabetes Melitis.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional comparative study

Inclusion Criteria: HCV Positive patients after PCR test conformation between 20-75 years age.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional analysis total of 100 Hepatitis c infected patients selected, Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir treatment given for 03 months period. Different parameters were recorded such as Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, Hb levels, Serum ALT levels, and Serum ALP level. The statistical relation of the mentioned variables was analyzed through SPSS version 15.

Results: Out of a total of 100 patients, 47% (47) were males, 53% (53) were females, 44% (44) patients had a history of prior interferon therapy, 23% (23) patients were having low hemoglobin levels before starting treatment. Both groups completed oral antiviral treatment for 12 weeks & resulting data showed the equality of treatment on group B and group A as no decrease in hemoglobin (p=0.799), ALT normalization (p=1.000) & no rise in serum bilirubin (p=0.817) during 1st month of treatment was noted in both groups while the SVR noted of both groups also showed no significant difference to each other i.e. 92% & 94 % (p=0.696).

Conclusion:  This study concluded to monitor the anti-viral drug response against HCV patients.
Dépasser l’équivocité : actions et éthique du dirigeant comme générateurs de sens
Authors: Mouhli Karim , Khaldi Mohamed Ali
Published: January 2021

L’arrivée dans la TPE d’un repreneur personne physique externe est fréquemment vécue par les employés comme une interruption, un changement organisationnel important. Il s’agit d’un épisode déstabilisant et équivoque amenant les individus à s’aventurer dans un processus d’exploration et de redéfinition de la réalité. Cette recherche s’attelle à examiner l’étape du management post-reprise, troisième et dernière période du processus repreneurial, à partir des interactions entre acteurs. Etablies à partir d’une étude de cas multiples, nos conclusions montrent un processus de construction de sens progressivement façonné par l’ensemble des protagonistes. Ce dernier est largement dépendant de l’éthique affichée par le repreneur et des actions qu’il entreprend.
La gouvernance par les valeurs comme élément de performance des organisations de l’ESS. L’éclairage postmoderne
Authors: Lacan Arnaud , Silva François
Published: January 2021

Cet article présente une réflexion générale sur la gouvernance et les pratiques managériales dans le domaine de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) et suggère que, dans une période de mutations socioéconomiques profonde, les entreprises de l’ESS ont intérêt à mettre en place une gouvernance globale et un management des équipes qui soit cohérents avec les valeurs structurantes de son univers et les aspirations de leurs collaborateurs.