bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIRS: Bursting Filter Bubbles by Counterfactual Interactive Recommender System
Authors: Gao Chongming , Wang Shiqi , Li Shijun , Chen Jiawei , He Xiangnan , Lei Wenqiang , Li Biao , Zhang Yuan , Jiang Peng
Published: April 2023

While personalization increases the utility of recommender systems, it also brings the issue offilter bubbles. e.g., if the system keeps exposing and recommending the items that the user is interested in, it may also make the user feel bored and less satisfied. Existing work studies filter bubbles in static recommendation, where the effect of overexposure is hard to capture. In contrast, we believe it is more meaningful to study the issue in interactive recommendation and optimize long-term user satisfaction. Nevertheless, it is unrealistic to train the model online due to the high cost. As such, we have to leverage offline training data and disentangle the causal effect on user satisfaction.

To achieve this goal, we propose a counterfactual interactive recommender system (CIRS) that augments offline reinforcement learning (offline RL) with causal inference. The basic idea is to first learn a causal user model on historical data to capture the overexposure effect of items on user satisfaction. It then uses the learned causal user model to help the planning of the RL policy. To conduct evaluation offline, we innovatively create an authentic RL environment (KuaiEnv) based on a real-world fully observed user rating dataset. The experiments show the effectiveness of CIRS in bursting filter bubbles and achieving long-term success in interactive recommendation. The implementation of CIRS is available via https://github.com/chongminggao/ CIRS-codes.
A product-form network for systems with job stealing policies
Authors: Marin Andrea , Rossi Sabina , Olliaro Diletta
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new product-form queueing network model where servers are always busy. This is obtained by defining a job movement policy that admits instantaneous migrations of jobs from non-empty waiting buffers to empty ones. Thus, the resulting routing scheme is statedependent. This class of networks tends to maximize the system throughput and can be used to model situations where successive refinements on jobs improve the processes quality but are not strictly required to obtain a result.
Label-Free Optical Metabolic Imaging in Cells and Tissues
Authors: Georgakoudi Irene , Quinn Kyle P.
Published: April 2023

Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
Engineered Compounds to Control Ice Nucleation and Recrystallization
Authors: William Nishaka , Mangan Sophia , Ben Rob N. , Acker Jason P.
Published: April 2023

One of the greatest concerns in the subzero storage of cells, tissues, and organs is the ability to control the nucleation or recrystallization of ice. In nature, evidence of these processes, which aid in sustaining internal temperatures below the physiologic freezing point for extended periods of time, is apparent in freeze-avoidant and freeze-tolerant organisms. After decades of studying these proteins, we now have easily accessible compounds and materials capable of recapitulating the mechanisms seen in nature for biopreser-vation applications. The output from this burgeoning area of research can interact synergistically with other novel developments in the field of cryobiology, making it an opportune time for a review on this topic.
Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Amide-Type Ionic Liquids in the Presence of Different Metal Cations
Authors: Kato Shodai , Serizawa Nobuyuki , Katayama Yasushi
Published: April 2023

The formation of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (BMPFSA) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMPTFSA) containing Li+, Na+, K+, and Ni2+ was investigated using the redox reaction of ferrocene (Fc). The anodic peak potential (E
pa) for the oxidation of Fc changed after holding the electrode at –1.4 to –1.5 V vs Ag|Ag(I) in BMPFSA in the presence of the alkali metal ions. The decomposition of FSA– was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on a GC electrode held at –1.5 V vs Ag|Ag(I) for 6 h in BMPFSA containing the alkali metal ions. The change in E
pa may also suggest the formation of homogeneous SEI in the FSA–-type ionic liquid. Moreover, E
pa changed after holding the electrode at the potential more negative than –0.9 V vs Ag|Ag(I) in 50 mM Ni(TFSA)2/BMPTFSA while the decomposition of TFSA– was not confirmed by XPS on the electrode held at –1.1 V vs Ag|Ag(I) for 6 h, suggesting the bonds except C-F (e.g., S-C) were dissociated to form the SEI. Since the deposition potential of Ni in BMPTFSA was more negative than the SEI formation potential, the deposition of Ni may be inhibited by the SEI.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Degradation Activity of Layered Two-Dimensional MoS2-ZnS Nanocomposites
Authors: Thomas Susmi Anna , Krishnamohan G. P. , Isaac R. S. Rimal , Cherusseri Jayesh , Aravind Arun
Published: April 2023

Commercial wastewater treatment via. eco-friendly routes are highly appreciated as a sustainable solution as per the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UNSDG-6). In this article, we report a cost-effective and efficient route to treat wastewater by photocatalysis using Sunlight. Hydrothermally-synthesized MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite is used as photocatalyst and methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) are used as model dyes to study the photocatalytic degradation activity. After exposing to the Sunlight for a period of 60 min, the MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite shows a degradation of 98.29 and 93.01% for MB and RhB, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite is due to its high light absorption and lower electron-hole recombination for the degradation of dyes. No harmful by-products are formed, which shows the eco-friendly nature of photocatalytic degradation of dyes in wastewater. A detailed theoretical investigation is carried out using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The DFT calculations are performed for dyes and the photocatalysts in order to understand the mechanism behind the degradation. A good correlation between the calculated and experimental data is observed. This study proclaims that MoS2-ZnS nanocomposite is a cost-effective and efficient photocatalyst among other costly layered two-dimensional nanocomposites.
Influence of gonadectomy on muscle health in micro- and partial-gravity environments in rats
Authors: Rosa-Caldwell Megan E. , Mortreux Marie , Wadhwa Anna , Kaiser Ursula B. , Sung Dong-Min , Bouxsein Mary L. , Rutkove Seward B.
Published: April 2023

We find that removal of gonadal hormones does not exacerbate muscle loss in males or females during exposure to either simulated microgravity or partial-gravity environments. However, simulated micro- and partial gravity did affect females’ estrous cycles, with more time spent in low-estrogen phases. Our findings provide important data on the influence of gonadal hormones on the trajectory of muscle loss during unloading and will help inform NASA for future crewed missions to space and other planets.
Study on Synchronous Response Law of Acoustic and Electrical Signals of Outburst Coal Rock under Load and Fracture
Authors: Wang Anhu , Qiu Liming , Liu Yingjie , Lou Quan , Sun Zuo , Wang Weixiang
Published: April 2023

A multisignal nanosecond synchronous acquisition system to measure acoustic emission (AE) and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generated during the process of loading and failure of coal and rock samples is established. The correlation between the energy of the AE and EMR signals and the loading stress of outburst coal-rock samples was studied, and the characteristics of the AE and EMR signals during the process of loading and fracturing the outburst coal and rock samples were analyzed. The results show that (1) before the failure of the outburst coal and rock samples, the fluctuation of the AE and EMR signals is the largest, with the same rising and falling trend, and the intensity is not strictly positively correlated, with the phenomenon of low EMR when the AE intensity is high; (2) the EMR and AE deviation degree and frequency exhibit a good response to coal and rock fracturing. The correlation between EMR and stress drop is stronger than that of AE, and the AE signal is richer than the EMR signal. The results show that it is feasible to develop combined AE and EMR early warning technology to improve the early forecasting accuracy of coal and gas outbursts.
30-Month Follow-Up of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) and Cognitive Remediation for People with Severe Mental Illness: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Christensen Thomas Nordahl , Wallstrøm Iben Gammelgård , Stenager Elsebeth , Hellström Lone , Bojesen Anders Bo , Nordentoft Merete , Eplov Lene Falgaard
Published: April 2023

Background. The individual placement and support (IPS) model for persons with severe mental illness has proven to be more effective than traditional vocational approaches in improving competitive work over 18 months. In this study, the longer-term effects of IPS over 30 months were investigated in a Danish setting. Method. In a randomized clinical trial, we compared the effects of IPS, IPS enhanced with cognitive remediation and work-related social skills training (IPSE), and service as usual (SAU). At three locations in Denmark, 720 patients with serious mental illnesses were randomly assigned to the three groups. Competitive employment, education, and hospital admissions were tracked for 30 months using Danish national registers. Results. The beneficial effects of IPS on competitive employment and education at the 18-month follow-up were sustained over the 30-month follow-up period. Participants receiving IPS or IPSE were more likely to obtain competitive employment or education than those who received service as usual (IPS 65%, IPSE 65%, SAU 53%,

p
=
0.006

), and they worked on average more weeks competitively (IPS 25 weeks, IPSE 21 weeks, SAU 17 weeks; IPS vs. SAU

p
=
0.004

and IPSE vs. SAU

p
=
0.007

). Moreover, participants in the two IPS groups had fewer outpatient visits during the 30-month follow-up. However, this was only statistically significant when comparing IPSE with SAU

p
=
0.017

. Conclusion. In conclusion, IPS and IPS enhanced with cognitive remediation and work-related skills training demonstrated that the vocational effects of the interventions are retrained over 30 months in a Danish context.
Risk Analysis and Establishment of Supervision System of Internet Finance Based on Big Data Era
Authors: Han Qianqian , Liu Desheng , Hu Cuiyan
Published: April 2023

The benefits of Internet finance, such as its speed, transparency, and efficiency, have caused conventional financial institutions to rethink their business models and have led to its tremendous growth in recent years. However, as Internet finance continues to grow, new possibilities and threats are continuously developing. One of the most pressing concerns in the use of Internet technology for financial growth is how to properly identify and evaluate risks involved for Internet finance, as well as how to accurately anticipate such risks. Internet finance risk elements are examined thoroughly in this research, and a feasible solution to reduce Internet financial hazards is proposed. This paper completes the following work: (1) according to the collected sample data, the BP network is used as a big data mining analysis method to establish a financial risk assessment model. (2) The data is processed accordingly, and then based on the MATLAB program platform, the BP network numerical calculation is built to train the theoretical model, and the actual output and predicted output are obtained. (3) With the analysis results of data mining, this work has established a risk prevention and control supervision system. (4) This work has carried out various experiments on the designed method, and the results have verified the superiority of the method.
A Novel Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Online Anomaly Detection in Smart Power Grid
Authors: Wang Ling , Zhu Yuanzhe , Du Wanlin , Fu Bo , Wang Chuanxu , Wang Xin
Published: April 2023

Smart grids must detect cyber-attacks early to ensure their safety and reliability. There have been many outlier detection methods presented in the studies, varying from those requiring instance-by-instance decisions t the online diagnosing methods that require the use of accurate models of an attack. This study proposes a novel intelligent online anomaly or attack detection method based on the partially observable Markov decision procedure (POMDP). The proposed model may be categorized as a general detection method according to the reinforcement learning (RL) architecture for POMDP which can help the learning process based on the award concept. The performance of the proposed model is verified using the IEEE test system. Based on numerical results, the suggested RL-based algorithm shows to be very effective in detecting cyber-attacks against the smart grid quickly and accurately.
Dual-Band Self-Complementary 5G Antenna for Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Rahman H. M. Arifur , Shovon Md. Nakib Alam , Khan Mohammad Monirujjaman , Alanazi Turki M.
Published: April 2023

A design of a self-complementary dual-band fifth-generation (5G) antenna for a wireless body area network (WBAN) has been presented in this paper. Like many other advantages, dual-band antennas have the benefit of being able to establish a reliable wireless connection in places that are frequently out of reach. The antenna operates at two popular 5G NR, FR-2 frequency bands: n257, or 28 GHz, and n260, or 39 GHz. FR-2 bands are prominent for high-speed data transactions within a limited range, which is perfect for WBAN applications. The proposed self-complementary single element design has a physical size of

6
 
mm
×
8
 
mm
×
1.59
 
mm

and is designed with a Rogers RT6002 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.94. In free space simulations, the antenna performed satisfactorily, achieving around 90% efficiency and having return losses of 16.32 dB and 20.47 dB at the lower and upper frequency bands sequentially. The antenna generated almost omnidirectional patterns at both frequencies with a peak gain of 4.74 dB. By placing the antenna next to a 3D human torso phantom that had been digitally created with accurate human body features, the design’s onbody performance was assessed. Onbody simulations produced favorable performance with a small dispersion from their peak values in some parameters, i.e., efficiency and reflection coefficients but produced more gains: 4.34 dBi at 28 GHz and 6.19 dBi at 39 GHz. For further distance-based investigation, the antenna was placed in five different positions relative to the torso. The test yields 67% efficiency with the minimum gap and 71% at the highest distance from the human body for the lowest band. Though the lower-frequency band produces better results with more gaps, the higher-frequency band performs consistently better in even the closest placement to the human body model by reaching more than 6 dB of gain with above 81% efficiency and wider than 10 GHz of bandwidth. The overall performance indicates this design can be a good solution to complex WBAN scenarios.
An Alternative Statistical Model to Analysis Pearl Millet (Bajra) Yield in Province Punjab and Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Zeshan , Iqbal Muhammad Zafar , Were Festus , Aldallal Ramy , Riad Fathy H. , Bakr M. E. , Tashkandy Yusra A. , Hussam Eslam , Gemeay Ahmed M.
Published: April 2023

Background. A country’s agriculture reflects a backbone and performs a vital part in the betterment of the economy and individuals. Facts and figures of the agriculture sector offer a solid foundation and factual pathway intended for upcoming decisions in favor of a country. Accordingly, the probability models have a more significant influence not only in reliability engineering, hydrology, ecology, and medicine but also in agriculture sciences. Objective. The primary objective of this study is to propose a reliable and efficient model for pearl millet yield analysis, thereby empowering decision-makers to make informed decisions about their farming practices. With the successful implementation of this model, farmers can potentially increase their pearl millet yield, leading to higher incomes and improved livelihoods for the rural population of Pakistan. Model. This study proposes a novel probability model, namely, the alpha transformed odd exponential power function (ATOE-PF) distribution, for analyzing pearl millet yield in Punjab, Pakistan. Data. For data collection, two secondary data sets are explored that are electronically available on the site of the Directorate of Agriculture (Economics and Marketing) Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Results. The maximum likelihood estimation technique is used for estimating the model parameters. For the selection of a better fit model, we follow some accredited goodness of fit tests. The efficiency and applicability of the ATOE-PF distribution are discussed over the province of Punjab (with RMSE = 4.9176) and Pakistan (with RMSE = 4.5849). Better estimates and closest fit to data among the well-established neighboring models offer robust evidence in support of ATOE-PF distribution as well.
Regulation of Hepatocytes in G0 and G1 Phases by NOTCH3 mRNA, miR-369-3p, and rno-Rmdn2_0006 during the Initial Stage of Rat Liver Regeneration
Authors: Zang Xiayan , Wang Zihui , Li Yafei , Gao Han , Guo Jianlin , Jin Wei , Chang Cuifang , Lin Juntang , Zhu Kuicheng , Xu Cunshuan
Published: April 2023

The key event of liver regeneration initiation (LRI) is the switch of hepatocytes from the G0 phase to the G1 phase. This study aimed to use the data from large-scale quantitatively detecting and analyzing (LQDA) to reveal the regulation of hepatocytes in the G0 or G1 phase by competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) during LRI. The hepatocytes of the rat liver right lobe were isolated 0, 6, and 24 h after partial hepatectomy. Their ceRNA expression level was measured using LQDA, and the correlation among their expression, interaction, and role was revealed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. The expression of neurogenic loci notch homologous protein 3 (NOTCH3) mRNA was upregulated in 0 h, but the expression of miR-369-3p and rno-Rmdn2_0006 of hepatocytes did not change significantly. Meanwhile, the expression of the G0 phase-related gene CDKN1c was promoted by NOTCH3 upregulation, and the expression of the G1 phase-related gene PSEN2 was inhibited by NOTCH3 downregulation. On the contrary, the expression of NOTCH3 mRNA and rno-Rmdn2_0006 was upregulated at 6 h, but the expression of miR-136-3p was downregulated. The expression of the G1 phase-related genes CHUK, DDX24, HES1, NET1, and STAT3 was promoted by NOTCH3 upregulation, and the expression of the G0 phase-related gene CDKN1a was inhibited by NOTCH3 downregulation. These results suggested that the ceRNAs and the NOTCH3-regulated G0 phase- and G1 phase-related genes showed a correlation in expression, interaction, and role. They together regulated the hepatocytes in the G0 phase at 0 h and in the G1 phase at 6 h. These findings might help understand the mechanism by which ceRNA together regulated the hepatocytes in the G0 or G1 phase.
Effect of Statins on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Artery Spasm: A Meta-Analysis of the Asia Region
Authors: Zhao Tian-Jun , Luo Duan , Jiang Xi , Tang Feng , Jiang Hui
Published: April 2023

Background. Whether statins can reduce major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery spasm (CAS) is controversial. And most of the relevant research to date has been conducted in Asia. Methods. We systematically searched electronic databases for studies on the effect of statins on MACE in patients with CAS in Asia and published up to September 2022. We included data on MACE in a statin therapy patient group and a no-statin therapy control group. We then evaluated the effect of statin therapy on MACE in patients with CAS in Asia by meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software and TSA software. Results. A total of 10 studies (

n
=
9333

patients) were included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the use of statins had a significant effect on MACE in CAS patients (with RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49-0.99), and the sensitivity analysis further confirmed this finding. Subgroup analysis suggested that the correlation between statin therapy and reduced MACE endpoint was stronger in Japanese patients and patients followed up for more than 4 years. But our TSA results indicated that the available samples were insufficient and further research is needed. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis suggests that statin therapy can reduce MACE in patients with CAS in Asia, and the correlation between the two was stronger in Japanese patients and patients followed up for more than 4 years.
HIV Virologic Failure among Patients with Persistent Low‐Level Viremia in Nairobi, Kenya: It Is Time to Review the >1000 Virologic Failure Threshold
Authors: Nzivo Mirriam M. , Waruhiu Cecilia N. , Kang’ethe James M. , Budambula Nancy L. M.
Published: April 2023

Persistent low‐level viremia (PLLV) of 200‐999 copies/ml has been reported as a risk factor for HIV virologic failure (VF). This retrospective study was aimed at characterizing patients with PLLV, determining factors associated with VF, and determining the effect of regimen change. Data were extracted from electronic medical records for HIV care and treatment. Patients’ characteristics (N = 705) were as follows: a mean age of 42 years, majority female (55%), and 51% married. A majority (78.7%) had a history of opportunistic infections in their ART lifetime. To determine factors associated with VF, 187 records on patients who maintained PLLV and 12 on deceased patients at the time of data review were eliminated from the analysis, leaving 506 patient records. Out of the 506, 89% (451/506) suppressed VL to nondetectable levels while 11% (55/506) had VF, and the difference was significant (P = 0.0001). Virologic failure was significantly associated with ages 10‐30 years (P < 0.05). Baseline VL ≥ 1000 (OR 3.929; P = 0.002) and 200‐999 copies/ml (OR 4.062; P = 0.004) were associated with VF. During PLLV, factors associated with VF included the following: PLLV of 200‐999 copies/ml (P < 0.05), viral blips (OR 4.545; P = 0.0001), mean maximum VL (P < 0.05), and age (P = 0.043). Married marital status was inversely associated with VF (OR 0.318; P = 0.026). Regimen change was not significantly associated with virologic outcomes. However, patients who switched regimens to the second line had a high risk of VF (P = 0.028; OR 3.203). Regimen change was significantly high (P < 0.05) among adolescents and patients with a start regimen of 2NRTI+1NNRTI. Most of the PLLV patients (89%) achieved nondetectable VL after their continued ART monitoring for at least 12 months. Therefore, PLLV was not an indicator of VF. However, a consistent VL of ≥200‐999 copies/ml at baseline and more than 12 months of ART care and treatment were significantly associated with VF. Patients with VL 200‐999 copies/ml, adolescents, and young adults require intensive ART monitoring and support.
Data from Expression and Therapeutic Targeting of TROP-2 in Treatment-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sperger Jamie M. , Helzer Kyle T. , Stahlfeld Charlotte N. , Jiang Dawei , Singh Anupama , Kaufmann Katherine R. , Niles David J. , Heninger Erika , Rydzewski Nicholas R. , Wang Liguo , Wang Liewei , Yang Rendong , Ren Yanan , Engle Jonathan W. , Huang Peng , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Slovin Susan F. , Soule Howard R. , Zhao Shuang G. , Kohli Manish , Tagawa Scott T. , Cai Weibo , Dehm Scott M. , Lang Joshua M.
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurpose:
Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) frequently develop resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment; therefore, new therapies are needed. Trophoblastic cell-surface antigen (TROP-2) is a transmembrane protein identified in prostate cancer and overexpressed in multiple malignancies. TROP-2 is a therapeutic target for antibody–drug conjugates (ADC).
Experimental Design:
TROP-2 gene (TACSTD2) expression and markers of treatment resistance from prostate biopsies were analyzed using data from four previously curated cohorts of mCRPC (n = 634) and the PROMOTE study (dbGaP accession phs001141.v1.p1, n = 88). EPCAM or TROP-2–positive circulating tumor cells (CTC) were captured from peripheral blood for comparison of protein (n = 15) and gene expression signatures of treatment resistance (n = 40). We assessed the efficacy of TROP-2–targeting agents in a mouse xenograft model generated from prostate cancer cell lines.
Results:
We demonstrated that TACSTD2 is expressed in mCRPC from luminal and basal tumors but at lower levels in patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Patients previously treated with ARSI showed no significant difference in TACSTD2 expression, whereas patients with detectable AR-V7 expression showed increased expression. We observed that TROP-2 can serve as a cell surface target for isolating CTCs, which may serve as a predictive biomarker for ADCs. We also demonstrated that prostate cancer cell line xenografts can be targeted specifically by labeled anti–TROP-2 agents in vivo.
Conclusions:
These results support further studies on TROP-2 as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for mCRPC.
Supplementary Figure S1 from A very long-acting exatecan and its synergism with DNA damage response inhibitors
Authors: Fontaine Shaun D , Carreras Christopher W , Reid Ralph R , Ashley Gary W , Santi Daniel V
Published: April 2023

C vs t plot of 3A following 40 μmol/kg IP administration in mice.
Huntington’s Disease in Chile: Epidemiological and Genetic Aspects
Authors: Solís-Añez Ernesto , Salles Philippe A. , Rojas Natalia , Benavides Olga , Chaná-Cuevas Pedro
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative, autosomal dominant disabling condition due to an expansion of the CAG trinucleotide in the HTT gene. Motor, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders characterize it. Chilean reports on HD in the era of molecular diagnosis were wanted. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with HD seen at the Center for Movement Disorders (CETRAM) in Chile between 2013 and 2019. Sociodemographic, genotype, and neuropsychiatric features were investigated. Results: One hundred three probands with HD were identified. The majority (63.1%) were born in the metropolitan region, followed by the VIII and V regions with 8.73% and 7.76%, respectively. When pedigrees were analyzed, ninety unrelated families encompassing 1,007 individuals were identified; among relatives, other 35 manifested HD, and 106 died of HD. Besides, five hundred seventy-nine individuals were at genetic risk. The minimum estimated prevalence of HD in Chile in 2019 was 0.72 × 100,000 inhabitants. The mean CAG repeats (CAGR) of 47.2 ± 10.74 for the expanded allele and 17.93 ± 2.05 for the normal allele. The mean age of onset was 41.39 ± 13.47 years. Juvenile cases represented 7.8% of this cohort, and 4.9% had a late onset. There was a negative correlation between the age of onset and the CAGR of the expanded allele (r =−0.84 p < 0.0001). Besides, 79.6% had a family history of HD. Conclusions: This is the first report characterizing genetics, motor, and neuropsychiatric features in patients with HD in Chile. The mean length of CAGR expansion of the abnormal allele was similar to previous reports in North America (i.e., Mexico and Canada) and higher than that reported in the neighboring country of Argentina. According to previous estimations, the minimal prevalence of HD in Chile may be lower than expected.
Analytical Validation of a Webcam-Based Assessment of Speech Kinematics: Digital Biomarker Evaluation following the V3 Framework
Authors: Simmatis Leif , Alavi Naeini Saeid , Jafari Deniz , Xie Michael (Kai Yue) , Tanchip Chelsea , Taati Niyousha , McKinlay Scotia , Sran Rupinder , Truong Justin , Guarin Diego L , Taati Babak , Yunusova Yana
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Kinematic analyses have recently revealed a strong potential to contribute to the assessment of neurological diseases. However, the validation of home-based kinematic assessments using consumer-grade video technology has yet to be performed. In line with best practices for digital biomarker development, we sought to validate webcam-based kinematic assessment against established, laboratory-based recording gold standards. We hypothesized that webcam-based kinematics would possess psychometric properties comparable to those obtained using the laboratory-based gold standards. Methods: We collected data from 21 healthy participants who repeated the phrase “buy Bobby a puppy” (BBP) at four different combinations of speaking rate and volume: Slow, Normal, Loud, and Fast. We recorded these samples twice back-to-back, simultaneously using (1) an electromagnetic articulography (“EMA”; NDI Wave) system, (2) a 3D camera (Intel RealSense), and (3) a 2D webcam for video recording via an in-house developed app. We focused on the extraction of kinematic features in this study, given their demonstrated value in detecting neurological impairments. We specifically extracted measures of speed/acceleration, range of motion (ROM), variability, and symmetry using the movements of the center of the lower lip during these tasks. Using these kinematic features, we derived measures of (1) agreement between recording methods, (2) test-retest reliability of each method, and (3) the validity of webcam recordings to capture expected changes in kinematics as a result of different speech conditions. Results: Kinematics measured using the webcam demonstrated good agreement with both the RealSense and EMA (ICC-A values often ≥0.70). Test-retest reliability, measured using the absolute agreement (2,1) formulation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (i.e., ICC-A), was often “moderate” to “strong” (i.e., ≥0.70) and similar between the webcam and EMA-based kinematic features. Finally, the webcam kinematics were typically as sensitive to differences in speech tasks as EMA and the 3D camera gold standards. Discussion and Conclusions: Our results suggested that webcam recordings display good psychometric properties, comparable to laboratory-based gold standards. This work paves the way for a large-scale clinical validation to continue the development of these promising technologies for the assessment of neurological diseases via home-based methods.
Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation and Early Inflammation in Preterm Infants: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wendel Kristina , Gunnarsdottir Gunnthorunn , Fossan Aas Marlen , Westvik Åsbjørn Schumacher , Pripp Are Hugo , Fugelseth Drude , Stiris Tom , Moltu Sissel Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Postnatal inflammation is associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes in preterm infants. The essential fatty acids arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are precursors of lipid mediators with a key role in resolving inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of ARA and DHA supplementation on systemic inflammation in very preterm infants and to identify clinical factors associated with early inflammation. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial (ImNuT study). Infants with gestational age (GA) less than 29 weeks were randomized to receive a daily enteral supplement with ARA 100 mg/kg and DHA 50 mg/kg (ARA:DHA group) or MCT oil (control group) from the second day of life to 36 weeks postmenstrual age. ARA, DHA, and four proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) were analyzed in repeated dried blood samples from birth to day 28 and the area under the curve (AUC) for each variable was calculated. Results: The intention to treat population included 120 infants with mean (SD) GA 26.4 (1.7). The ARA:DHA group had significantly lower IL-6 levels from day 3 to day 28 compared to the control group, mean difference AUC log10 (95% CI): 0.16 (0.03–0.30) pg/mL, p = 0.018. There was no correlation between ARA or DHA blood concentrations and cytokine levels. Having a low gestational age was independently associated with increased levels of all cytokines during the first 4 weeks of life. Conclusions: Enhanced supplementation with ARA and DHA may modulate inflammation in very preterm infants.
Uma “engraçada e redonda Anna”: a devoção a Santana e o modelo de feminilidade virtuosa nas Minas coloniais (1720-1820)
Authors: Andrade Letícia Martins de
Published: April 2023

A observação da abundância de imagens esculpidas de Santa Ana em Minas Gerais datadas entre os séculos XVIII e XIX instigou a pesquisa da qual este artigo resulta e cujo objetivo inicial era identificar os agentes e os motivos da ampla difusão dessa devoção em terras mineiras. Partindo de uma perspectiva da História da Arte, um grupo de aproximadamente 200 imagens foi analisado em termos de fatura, tipologia e iconografia, e os resultados dessa análise foram confrontados com dados provenientes de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Contra o pano de fundo patriarcal dominante, observou-se que as representações de Santa Ana se tornaram um modelo simbólico de feminilidade para uma burguesia que desejava construir sua imagem e legitimidade. Esse modelo, contudo, acabou por percorrer em profundidade os diferentes extratos sociais, que dele se apropriaram diferentemente.
Da Providência à Favela: os trabalhadores e a ocupação de um morro da região portuária do Rio de Janeiro (1856-1901)
Authors: Pereira Leonardo Affonso de Miranda
Published: April 2023

Localizado na região portuária do Rio de Janeiro, o Morro da Providência tem papel central nas análises habituais sobre a formação das favelas na cidade. Associada em geral à chegada das tropas que voltavam da Guerra de Canudos, em meados da década de 1890, a formação da comunidade ali instalada foi muitas vezes tomada como ponto de início do fenômeno que viria a definir os estigmas que marcam, desde então, esse tipo de moradia informal nos morros da cidade. Por serem pensadas prioritariamente a partir da perspectiva do Estado, no entanto, tais análises deixaram de lado a experiência de outros sujeitos envolvidos nesta história, como os trabalhadores de baixa renda que passaram a ver naquele morro uma alternativa de moradia a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. Ao acompanhar sua experiência, este artigo pretende trazer novos elementos para pensar o processo de construção social daquele espaço ao longo daquele período.
Heat Exposure Following the Rainy Season Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Emergency Among the Elderly in Japan
Authors: Fujimoto Ryohei , Suzuki Etsuji , Kashima Saori , Nakamura Kazufumi , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Atsunori , Ito Hiroshi , Yorifuji Takashi
Published: April 2023

Background

Despite the impact of heat exposure caused by global warming, few studies have investigated the hourly effects of heat exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. We examined the associations between short‐term heat exposure and the risk of CVD in the elderly in Japan and evaluated possible effect‐measure modifications by rainy seasons that occur in East Asia.

Methods and Results

We conducted a time‐stratified case–crossover study. The study included 6527 residents in Okayama City, Japan, aged ≥65 years who were transported to emergency hospitals between 2012 and 2019 for the onset of CVD during and a few months after the rainy seasons. We examined the linear associations between temperature and CVD‐related emergency calls for each year and for hourly preceding intervals before the emergency call during the most relevant months. Heat exposure during 1 month after the end of the rainy season was associated with CVD risk; the odds ratio (OR) for a 1° C increase in temperature was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.29–1.40). When we further explored the nonlinear association by using the natural cubic spline model, we found a J‐shaped relationship. Exposures 0 to 6 hours before the case event (preceding intervals 0–6 hours) were associated with CVD risk, particularly for the preceding interval 0 to 1 hour (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.28–1.39]). For longer periods, the highest risk was at preceding intervals 0 to 23 hours (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.34–1.46]).

Conclusions

Elderly individuals may be more susceptible to CVD after heat exposure during the month after the rainy season. As shown by finer temporal resolution analyses, short‐term exposure to increasing temperature can trigger CVD onset.
A Longitudinal Study of Acculturation in Context and Cardiovascular Health and Their Effects on Cognition Among Older Latino Adults
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Estrella Mayra L. , Capuano Ana W. , Leurgans Sue , Fleischman Debra A. , Barnes Lisa L. , Lange‐Maia Brittney S. , Bennett David A. , Marquez David X.
Published: April 2023

Background

We previously outlined the importance of considering acculturation within the context of older Latino adults' lived experience (ie, acculturation in context) to better capture contributors to cognitive aging. We now examine this conceptual framework as related to level of and change in cardiovascular health, and whether cardiovascular health modifies previously documented associations of acculturation in context with cognition.

Methods and Results

Acculturation in context data from 192 Latino participants without dementia at baseline (age ~70 years) were compiled into 3 separate composite scores: acculturation‐related (nativity, language‐, and social‐based preferences), contextually related socioenvironmental (experiences of discrimination, social isolation, social networks), and familism‐related (Latino‐centric family ethos). A modified American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (mLS7; ie, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, blood glucose) was used to measure cardiovascular health. Mixed effects regressions simultaneously tested the association of all 3 composite scores with total mLS7 adjusting for confounders. Separate models tested whether mLS7 modified associations of the 3 composite scores and cognition. The contextually related socioenvironmental composite score reflecting higher discrimination, higher social isolation, and smaller social networks (estimate=0.22, SE=0.10,
P
=0.02) and the familism score (estimate=0.16, SE=0.07,
P
=0.02) both significantly associated with change in total mLS7. The acculturation‐related composite was not significantly associated with change in mLS7. No composite was significantly associated with level of mLS7. Total mLS7, however, significantly modified associations between the acculturation‐related composite and change in working memory (estimate=−0.02, SE=0.01,
P
=0.043).

Conclusions

Acculturation within the context of older Latino adults' lived experience is important for maintaining cardiovascular health, relationships that also affect domain‐specific cognitive decline.
Relationship Between Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diabetes Is Likely Bidirectional: A Temporality Analysis
Authors: Lv Jiali , Liu Yang , Yan Yinkun , Sun Dianjianyi , Fan Lijun , Guo Yajun , Fernandez Camilo , Bazzano Lydia , He Jiang , Li Shengxu , Chen Wei , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2023

Background

The temporal relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is not well established. This study aims to examine the temporal sequence between T2DM and LVH/cardiac geometry patterns in middle‐aged adults.

Methods and Results

The longitudinal cohort consisted of 1000 adults (682 White individuals and 318 Black individuals; 41.1% men; mean age, 36.2 years at baseline) who had data on fasting glucose/T2DM, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and relative wall thickness collected twice at baseline and follow‐up over 9.4 years on average. The cross‐lagged path analysis model in 905 adults who did not take antidiabetic medications and the longitudinal prediction model in 1000 adults were used to examine the temporal relationships of glucose/T2DM with LVMI, LVH, relative wall thickness, and remodeling patterns. After adjustment for age, race, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, heart rate, hypertension, and follow‐up years, the path coefficient from baseline LVMI to follow‐up glucose was 0.088 (
P
=0.005); the path from baseline glucose to follow‐up LVMI was −0.009 (
P
=0.758). The 2 paths between glucose and relative wall thickness were not significant. The path analysis parameters did not differ significantly between race, sex, and follow‐up duration subgroups. Incidence of T2DM was higher in the baseline LVH group than in the normal LVMI group (24.8% versus 8.8%;
P
=0.017 for difference). Incidence of LVH and concentric LVH was higher in the baseline T2DM group than in the group without T2DM (50.0% versus 18.2% for LVH [
P
=0.005 for difference]; 41.7% versus 12.6% for concentric LVH [
P
=0.004 for difference]), with adjustment for covariates.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the temporal relationship between T2DM and LVH is likely bidirectional. The path from LVMI/LVH to glucose/T2DM is stronger than the path from glucose/T2DM to LVMI/LVH.
Effect of Workflow Improvements on Time to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the MR CLEAN Registry
Authors: Janssen Paula M. , Roozenbeek Bob , Coutinho Jonathan M. , van Es Adriaan C.G.M. , Schonewille Wouter J. , Lycklama a Nijeholt Geert J. , Lingsma Hester F. , Dippel Diederik W.J. ,   MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: April 2023

Background

Insight in the effect of workflow improvements can help to minimize the time between onset of ischemic stroke and start of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). The authors aimed to assess the implementation of EVT workflow strategies and their effect on time to treatment.

Methods

The authors used data from the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands) registry and included patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation, who underwent EVT between March 2014 and November 2017. Data on implementation of 20 predefined workflow improvement strategies during the study period were collected from each intervention center. Multilevel linear regression with a random intercept for center was used to quantify the effect of each strategy on door‐to‐groin puncture time, with adjustment for calendar time, for directly presented and transferred patients separately.

Results

The authors included 2633 patients who were treated in 14 intervention centers. Of the 20 predefined strategies, 18 were actually implemented in ≥1 centers during the study period. In directly presented patients (n=1157), the intervention with the largest effect on door‐to‐groin puncture time was a strategy to avoid sedation during EVT compared with standard use of general anesthesia, which led to a reduction of 29% (95% CI, 6–46;P=0.02), corresponding to a decrease of 26 minutes (95% CI, 5–42). In transferred patients (n=1476), the interventions with the largest decrease in door‐to‐groin puncture time were a strategy to make the decision for patient transfer to the angiosuite after 1 stroke physician assessed the imaging, instead of both interventionist and neurologist (47% [95% CI, 5–70]; 19 minutes [95% CI, 2–29]) (P=0.03), and a strategy to perform neurological assessment at the angiosuite instead of the emergency department (32% [95% CI, 19–43]; 13 minutes [95% CI, 8–17]) (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Intervention centers have implemented multiple new strategies to improve their workflow. Such workflow improvements lead to substantial reductions in time to EVT and may thereby improve the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Association discovery and outlier detection of air pollution emissions from industrial enterprises driven by big data
Authors: Peng Zhen , Zhang Yunxiao , Wang Yunchong , Tang Tianle
Published: April 2023

Air pollution is a major issue related to national economy and people's livelihood. At present, the researches on air pollution mostly focus on the pollutant emissions in a specific industry or region as a whole, and is a lack of attention to enterprise pollutant emissions from the micro level. Limited by the amount and time granularity of data from enterprises, enterprise pollutant emissions are still understudied. Driven by big data of air pollution emissions of industrial enterprises monitored in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the data mining of enterprises pollution emissions is carried out in the paper, including the association analysis between different features based on grey association, the association mining between different data based on association rule and the outlier detection based on clustering. The results show that: (1) The industries affecting NOx and SO2 mainly are electric power, heat production and supply industry, metal smelting and processing industries in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; (2) These districts nearby Hengshui and Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province form strong association rules; (3) The industrial enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei are divided into six clusters, of which three categories belong to outliers with excessive emissions of total VOCs, PM and NH3 respectively.
Contiguity Theory and the Ordering of Contrastive Elements
Authors: Matsumoto Daiki
Published: April 2023

This article examines the typology of the ordering of contrastive elements. It is shown first that languages including English, French, Italian, Japanese, and Georgian ban a contrastively focused object from preceding a contrastive topic subject. It is further observed that among these languages, only English and French allow a contrastively focused subject to precede a contrastive topic object. To explain this typology, an extended version of Contiguity Theory is proposed. The account is also compared with some potential alternative accounts and argued to be more desirable, with additional empirical virtues.