bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Adults Receiving Lipid‐Based Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Malone Ainsley
Published: June 2009

Infusion of lipid emulsions rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may increase lipid peroxidation, which is counteracted mainly by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (a zinc‐, copper‐, and manganese‐dependent enzyme), selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se‐GSHPx), and alpha‐tocopherol. Objective: We investigated lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) providing variable amounts of a lipid emulsion rich in PUFAs, and alpha‐tocopherol, zinc, copper, and manganese as recommended by the American Medical Association, and no selenium. Design: Serum malondialdehyde, plasma alpha‐tocopherol, selenium, Se‐GSHPx, PUFAs, and red blood cell Se‐GSHPx and SOD were evaluated in 12 patients and in 25 healthy control subjects. Malondialdehyde was also assessed in a group of 40 healthy control subjects. Results: Patients had significantly higher concentrations of malondialdehyde and SOD and lower alpha‐tocopherol concentrations and selenium nutritional status. Linear regression analysis showed that malondialdehyde was associated with the daily PUFA load (r = 0.69, P < 0.03) and with plasma alpha‐tocopherol (r = ‐0.59, P < 0.05), but stepwise multiple regression analysis confirmed only the association between malondialdehyde and alpha‐tocopherol; plasma alpha‐tocopherol was associated with the daily PUFA load (r = ‐0.65, P < 0.04) and with the duration of HPN (r = ‐0.74, P < 0.02). Conclusions: In HPN patients, the peroxidative stress due to lipid emulsions rich in PUFAs is counteracted primarily by alpha‐tocopherol. The dosages of alpha‐tocopherol, zinc, copper, and manganese recommended by the American Medical Association appear sufficient to sustain SOD activity but inadequate to maintain alpha‐tocopherol nutritional status. HPN formulations should be supplemented with selenium.
Bolus Intravenous Infusion of Amino Acids or Lipids Does Not Stimulate Gallbladder Contraction in Neonates on Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Jarvis Catherine
Published: June 2009

Stimulation of gallbladder contraction in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may be beneficial in preventing cholestatic jaundice associated with TPN. Bolus intravenous administration of either amino acids or fat promotes gallbladder contraction in normal adult volunteers after a period of starvation. This phenomenon has not been investigated in patients receiving continuous TPN. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that bolus intravenous infusion of amino acids or fat produces gallbladder contraction in neonates receiving TPN. Methods: Twentyeight studies of gallbladder contraction were performed in 18 neonates receiving continuous TPN (median weight, 2.3 kg; range, 1.3 to 7.3; gestational age, 37 weeks; range, 28 to 40; age, 6.5 days; range, 2 to 180). Different types of experiments were performed: (1) bolus intravenous infusion of amino acid or fat for 60 minutes at twice the normal infusion rate; (2) bolus intravenous infusion of amino acid or fat for 15 minutes at four times the normal infusion rate. Gallbladder volume was measured by real‐time ultrasonography by a single investigator. Measurements were made before starting the bolus infusion and every 15 minutes for 1 hour. Results: The volume of the gallbladder before bolus intravenous infusion was not significantly different between experiments (median, 985; range, 603 to 1,802 mm3). These volumes are consistent with an enlarged and atonic gallbladder as previously reported in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. In all experiments there was no significant decrease in gallbladder volume after bolus infusion of either amino acids or fat. Conclusions: Contrary to their effects in adults, bolus infusions of amino acids or fat did not induce gallbladder contraction in neonates on TPN. This may have been because of lack of starvation in the neonates and/or the effect of continuous glucose infusion.
Central Venous Catheter Use in Pediatrics: What Does the Future Hold?
Authors: Lyman Beth , Bendorf Kathy
Published: June 2009

Great strides have been made in the past 2 decades regarding the care and management of central venous catheters (CVCs). Some of what is known has come from research, but much more has come through trial and error. With all that has been learned, there are still many unanswered questions. It is time to join together, independent of organization or discipline, and create multicenter protocols to answer remaining questions, so that we can stop the trial and error and help standardize care.
Vascular Access Device Selection for Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Orr Marsha Evans
Published: June 2009

Selection of vascular access devices is a collaborative, multifactorial process that includes patient factors, device characteristics, therapeutic issues, and duration of therapy. Infants and children have additional unique needs. Newer technology is focused on the reduction of complications associated with central venous access and the hazards posed to health care workers when inserting devices and providing patient care.
Catheter Infections: Diagnosis, Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Krzywda Elizabeth A. , Andris Deborah A. , Edmiston Charles E.
Published: June 2009

Infection remains the leading complication that is associated with intravascular access devices. Despite continuous research efforts and advances in technology, the rate of central venous catheter infections has remained relatively constant over the past decade. This article focuses on four pertinent aspects of central venous access infection: microbial etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. An update of the scientific literature in this area will aid clinicians in their patient care practices and serve to identify unanswered questions.
Insertion of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters for the Administration of Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Thompson Stephen E.
Published: June 2009

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are ideal central venous catheters (CVCs) for short‐to medium‐term administration of total parenteral nutrition. PICCs offer a variety of insertion techniques to fit the preference or experience base of the clinician placing the catheter. There are five primary methods of inserting PICC lines: use of a break‐away needle; use of an over‐the‐needle, peel‐away sheath; insertion through a standard IV cannula; or use of a modified or full Seldinger technique. The clinician's actual choice of catheter brand may well be influenced by the insertion options made available by the catheter manufacturer. This article briefly discusses advantages and disadvantages of currently available insertion techniques.
Scientific Paradigms and Falsification
Authors: Hyslop-Margison Emery James
Published: June 2009

By examining the respective contributions of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn to the philosophy of science, the author highlights some prevailing problems in this article with the methods of so-called scientific research in education. The author enumerates a number of reasons why such research, in spite of its limited tangible return, continues to gain institutional momentum in colleges and faculties of education Furthermore, the author argues that the various identified problems, when considered collectively, effectively reduce many claims emerging from scientifically designed education research to the realm of logically invalid hypotheses and questionable circumstantial evidence insulated from academic criticism by various professional and institutional interests.
Minority Existence and the Subject of (Religious) Conversion
Authors: Kolluri Satish
Published: June 2009

This article critiques the ideology of Hindutva—the ideological assertion of the Indian nation as Hindu culture—and its persecution of religious minorities in the name of preventing what the proponents of Hindutva perceive as the forcible conversion of Hindus to Islam and Christianity. Reading religious conversion as `cultural criticism', the author defends the rights of those who seek to convert to Islam and Christianity. In conclusion, the author proposes that our secular politics have to represent a `minimalist morality' in order for them to have a meaningful content.
The Apostasy Law in Kuwait and the Liberal Predicament
Authors: Longva Anh Nga
Published: June 2009

This article looks into a case of conversion from Islam in Kuwait. The apostasy law in the Middle East and the reluctance by liberal Muslims to lend unambiguous support to freedom of religion are commonly viewed as the paradigmatic illustration of an `Islamic exception'. It is argued that this perception is not justified, as the law and the support given it by most liberal Muslims are not social manifestations of a specific `Islamic mentality' but one cultural way of expressing and dealing with a dilemma faced by all modern political communities: how to strike a balance between the common good and invidual freedoms. Seen in this light, the apostasy problematic is not without parallels in western liberal societies.
Treaty Rights and the Right to Culture
Authors: Sepez Jennifer
Published: June 2009

The interplay of treaty rights with the right to culture has produced a variety of results for Native American subsistence hunting and fishing rights in the United States. Where allocation and conservation measures fail to account for cultural considerations, conflict ensues. This article discusses three examples: waterfowl hunting in Alaska, Northwest salmon fishing, and Inuit and Makah whaling. Each demonstrates that treaty rights are a more powerful force than cultural rights in the law, but that both play important roles in actual policy outcomes. A more detailed examination of whaling indicates how the insertion of needs-based criteria into a framework of cultural rights shifts the benefit of presumption away from indigenous groups. The cultural revival issues and conflicting paradigms involved in Makah whaling policy debates indicate how notions of tradition, authenticity, and self-determination complicate the process of producing resource policies that recognize cultural diversity.
Hypercapitalism: language, new media and social perceptions of value
Authors: Graham Phil
Published: June 2009

Using examples from contemporary policy and business discourses, and exemplary historical texts dealing with the notion of value, I put forward an argument as to why a critical scholarship that draws on media history, language analysis, philosophy and political economy is necessary to understand the dynamics of what is being called `the global knowledge economy'. I argue that the social changes associated with new modes of value determination are closely associated with new media forms.
Being a new capitalist mother
Authors: Pitt Kathy
Published: June 2009

This article analyses the pedagogic discourse of family literacy, a type of education that works on the literacy development of both mothers and young children. It looks at the strand concerned with the adults' literacy and argues that the pedagogy aims to construct the participants as reflexive, but unquestioning, learners ready to accumulate qualifications; and as mothers whose time is constantly available for their children's cognitive development. The analysis traces the relationships between these desired identities and new capitalist ideology and discusses the contradictions inherent in this vision of motherhood.
Intellectuals and the public sphere in post-communist Romania: a discourse analytical perspective
Authors: Preoteasa Isabela
Published: June 2009

Social and political theorists have observed that the delegitimation of communism proceeded after 1989 as a delegitimation of the left in general, and that varieties of neoliberalism untainted by any compromise with left-wing ideas have enjoyed much more popularity amongst the democratic intellectuals than social-democratic or social liberal ideas. This article argues that intellectual discourse has displayed a lack of openness towards the discourse of the democratic left and towards values like social justice and equality, which the social costs of transition have rendered sensitive to an increasingly large number of people. In a text by H.-R. Patapievici, this is analysed as a failure of dialogicality — with alternative discourses and with the public in general. Ineffective public space dialogue, analysed both as a discourse and a genre issue, is seen as one of the causes for the intellectuals' increasingly weak impact on Romanian society.
Textual silence and the discourse of homelessness
Authors: Huckin Thomas
Published: June 2009

This article delineates five forms of textual elision or `silence': speech—act silences, presuppositional silences, discreet silences, genre-based silences and manipulative silences. Manipulative silence receives extended attention, as it is felt to be the most ideologically powerful form of silence in public discourse. A case study on the discourse of homelessness, drawing on a corpus of 163 newspaper articles and editorials published in the US during early 1999, is used to illustrate how manipulative silences work and, more importantly, how they can be systematically identified by the discourse analyst. The article concludes with a discussion of the notion of authorial `intentionality'.
Human rights discourse and international relations: Le Monde's editorials on Russia
Authors: Le Elisabeth
Published: June 2009

Editorials on Russia published by the French newspaper, Le Monde, during the first months of the second Chechen war (August 1999—March 2000) are analysed within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. A new linguistic model of analysis is proposed for the study of the various texts taken as an entity. Its application results in a three-dimensional synthesis of the editorials that brings to the fore their premises. It appears that Le Monde's discourse on human rights belongs to a discourse of French national identity whose roots can be found in the 18th century. Journalists from three Russian dailies ( Izvestija, Segodnja, Nezavisimaja Gazeta) seem to have perceived this discourse as a media war against their own national identity. The analysis explains how Le Monde's comments on the humanitarian situation in Chechnya could have resulted in such an intercultural impasse. The question of the role of human rights discourse in a `globalizing' world is raised.
Pedagogy, pathology and ideology: the production, transmission and reproduction of medical discourse
Authors: Macdonald Malcolm N.
Published: June 2009

The discourse of any institutional field is composed of a variety of different genres. In medical discourse, three prevalent genres are the research article, the doctor—patient interview and the textbook. This article describes how the textual, interpersonal and ideational metafunctions of each genre operate in relation to their institutional context of situation. As a medical text is delocated and relocated from one institutional context to another, transformations take place with regard to: the ideational options of tense, transitivity and process, the interpersonal options of modality and speaker's comment, and its rhetorical organization. These transformations constitute the codes of the pedagogic device. These operate as a symbol system having two ideological effects. First, certain medical texts are privileged over others as `doxic' texts; and second, subjects are variably positioned in the professional field depending on their command of the codes of the genres relating to different institutional sites.
Language and bodily conduct in focus group evaluations of legal policy
Authors: Matoesian Gregory M. , Coldren James R.
Published: June 2009

Despite the growing importance of focus group interviews for the evaluation of new legal mandates, we know very little about how these interviews function in the socially situated and concrete details of communicative practice. Consequently, how such practices mediate our interpretation and assessment of legal policy remains an unexplicated topic of social scientific inquiry. This study explores the role of verbal and nonverbal speech in a focus group interview designed to help evaluate community-policing outcomes. We begin by discussing the linguistic ideologies of focus groups and show how these presuppositions shape the interaction among focus group moderator, members of the evaluation team and community interviewees. The remaining parts of the article demonstrate how a communicative misalignment emerges in the production and interpretation of verbal and nonverbal activities — a state of crosstalk with stark consequences for the assessment of legal change. By focusing on the interpenetration of language and the body in the contextualization of meaning, we outline an approach that allows researchers to track the elusive, yet crucial, relationship between legal process and outcome.
Measuring Parents' Perceptions of Care
Authors: Maijala Hanna , Luukkaala Tiina , Åstedt-Kurki Päivi
Published: June 2009

This article describes the development and testing of a research instrument called Parents' Perceptions of Care (PPC). It is designed to measure the interaction between health care professionals and family members in situations where a child aged 1 to 3 years is in need of acute hospital care. Administered to the child's parents or other persons responsible for the child's care, PPC was developed using four concept categories drawn from Maijala's substantive theory of interaction. The instrument was piloted with 91 parents recruited from four hospitals in southern Finland. The construct validity of the scale was assessed by item analysis, and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha values. The results of the statistical analysis are sufficient to encourage further psychometric development.
New Coagulant Agent (Ankaferd Blood Stopper) for Open Hemorrhages in Hemophilia With Inhibitor
Authors: Öner Ahmet Faik , Doğan Murat , Kaya Avni , Sal Ertan , Bektaş Mehmet Selçuk , Yesilmen Osman , Ayhan Harun , Acikgoz Mehmet
Published: June 2009

The treatment of hemophilia A patients with inhibitor could be very expensive. Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a unique folkloric medicinal plant extract, which has historically been used in Turkish traditional medicine as a hemostatic agent. In this article, a 16-year-old boy was presented with uncontrolled bleeding, despite the treatment of factor VIII, rVIIa, factor VIII inhibitor bypass activity (FEIBA), cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone at circumcision site that resolved with ABS in minutes. Our patient with hemophilia A and inhibitor is the first clinical pediatric case.
Traffic Model Evaluation of Ad Hoc Target Tracking Algorithms
Authors: Brooks R.R. , Griffin C.
Published: June 2009

Recent work in traffic planning uses differential equations and cellular automata to determine qualitative and quantitative characteristics of granular media flow. In this paper we describe a self-organizing framework for distributed target tracking built on ad hoc publish-subscribe data routing techniques. A cellular automata model of sensor network dynamics is derived and used to express the routing framework. Experimental evaluation is performed for alternative target-tracking algorithms using the framework. Evaluation uses discrete cellular automata models.
Semantic Information Fusion for Coordinated Signal Processing in Mobile Sensor Networks
Authors: Friedlander D.S. , Phoha S.
Published: June 2009

Distributed cognition of dynamic processes is commonly observed in mobile groups of animates like schools of fish, hunting lions, or in human teams for sports or military maneuvers. This paper presents methods for dynamic distributed cognition using an ad hoc mobile network of microsensors to detect, identify and track targets in noisy environments. We develop off-line algorithms for aggregating the most appropriate knowledge abstractions into semantic information, which is then used for on-line fusion of relevant attributes observed by local clusters in the sensor network.

Local analysis of time series of sensor data yields aggregated semantic information, which is exchanged across nodes for higher level distributed cognition. This eliminates the need for exchanging high volumes of signal data and, thus reduces bandwidth and energy requirements for battery powered microsensors.
Image Feature Set for Correspondence Mappings
Authors: Pineda-Torres Ivo H. , Gokcen Ibrahim , Buckles Bill P.
Published: June 2009

We present a method to automatically construct features capable of putting images in correspondence with each other (i.e., registration) without requiring control points or landmarks on the images in question. Our method is based primarily on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a suitable image representation. The feature set is a collection of weight vectors and the correspondence mapping is done using the distances between those vectors. Only a small number of vectors is needed. While we illustrate the approach in the context of image registration, other applications of this method are possible, like distributed sensor networks, specifically when a sensor network is built up from observing devices, like camcorders, CCDs, etc. Most notably, the method could be used for image matching and retrieval, being insensitive to rotation.
Netlets for End-To-End Delay Minimization in Distributed Computing Over the Internet Using Two-Paths
Authors: Rao Nageswara S. V.
Published: June 2009

In a number of distributed computing applications, messages must be transmitted on demand between processes running at different locations on the Internet. The end-to-end delays experienced by the messages have a significant “random” component due to the complicated nature of network traffic. We propose a method based on delay-regression estimation to achieve low end-to-end delays for message transmissions in distributed computing applications. Two-paths are realized between various communicating processes in a transparent manner. Our scheme is implemented over the Internet by a network of NetLets, which communicate with one another to maintain an accurate “state” of delay-regressions in the network. NetLets handle all network traffic between the processes and also perform routing at a certain level depending on the underlying network. We present experimental results to illustrate that NetLets provide a viable and practical means for achieving low end-to-end delays for distributed computing applications over the Internet.
The Application of Remote Sensor Technology To Assist the Recovery of Rare and Endangered Species
Authors: Biagioni Edoardo S. , Bridges K.W.
Published: June 2009

We describe a wireless sensor network designed for the long-term study of rare and endangered species of plants. We wish to monitor plants and their environment via high-resolution cameras and temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, and solar radiation sensors. Our units must be “invisible” (camouflaged), very low energy, and must allow distributed local computation. Data rates are 1 to 100 bytes/second per node, but networks can be large — an early prototype had 60 nodes. Failures are expensive and we must exploit redundancy whenever possible. Nodes are stationary but for energy reasons may decline to participate in transmissions.

We have designed two wireless routing protocols that satisfy these constraints. Multipath On-demand Routing (MOR) computes multiple optimal routes to avoid depleting the energy at any given node. Geometric Routing scales to large networks, relying on Geographic Routing when possible and on selected global information otherwise. We have simulated and are implementing both protocols.
The Intergenerational Transmission of Occupational Status and Sex-Typing at Children's Labour Market Entry
Authors: Korupp Sylvia E. , Sanders Karin , Ganzeboom Harry B.G.
Published: June 2009

To what extent do the mother's and father's jobs and occupational sex-typing influence the status and sex-typing of their children's occupation at first entry into the labour market? Referring to a database containing 5027 respondents of two merged Dutch surveys held between 1992 and 1995, this study finds that the effect of the mother's occupational status on her daughter's is significant, but smaller than either the effect of father's status on his son's or his daughter's status. The mother's occupational sex-typing is related to her daughter's occupational sex-typing. The more female sex-typed the daughter's occupation, the lower her occupational status. In the same way, the father's occupational sex-typing is related to his son's occupational sex-typing. While the extension of the classical status attainment models by the mother's occupation and occupational sex-typing leads to interesting and new coefficients, the authors conclude that the more elementary classical model is not invalidated by these new perspectives.
Life Stories and Cross-Cultural Marriages
Authors: Schoustra-van Beukering Ellettha J.E.
Published: June 2009

In the footsteps of Betty Mahmoody's book Not Without My Daughter, a raft of other western women wrote books about their mixed marriages with men from other continents. The men are mainly orientals. All these women have seen their marriages fail. Although most of them admit they made a wrong choice, they do not necessarily portray their former husbands as unreliable characters and themselves as heroines. The life stories cannot be read from such a narrow perspective. These authors should take credit for supplying valuable information about family life in oriental culture, as well as the dynamics of cross-cultural marriages.
Feminist Body/Politics as World Traveller
Authors: Davis Kathy
Published: June 2009

Global feminism has been criticized as a form of cultural imperialism, whereby a white, western model of feminism is imposed upon women in non-western contexts under the banner of universal sisterhood. In order to provide this theoretical critique with some empirical grounding, this article focuses on the worldwide impact of one of the most influential books ever to be published in the US, Our Bodies, Ourselves. This book not only had a decisive impact on how generations of American women felt about their bodies, their sexuality and their health, but it was translated and adapted in 20 languages, both within and outside Europe. The dissemination of Our Bodies, Ourselves , particularly in the so-called `third world', makes it a perfect site for exploring the possibilities and the pitfalls of the globalization of feminist knowledge. After showing how Our Bodies, Ourselves travelled and was adapted to meet the needs of women in specific contexts, conclusions are drawn about the viability of the `feminism-as-culturalimperialism' critique as well as about the empowering potential of transnational feminist alliances in the field of body/politics.
International Crossways
Authors: Saguy Abigail C.
Published: June 2009

This article examines how sexual harassment has been conceptualized by French feminists in an increasingly global political environment, demonstrating how feminist ideas, politics and legal initiatives are transformed as they travel across space and time. I argue that feminist networks have been a central determinant of the ways in which ideas about sexual harassment have spread across the globe in the past 20 years. However, I further contend that there were basic national differences in political, legal and cultural traditions that made it likely that feminist concepts and policies would be translated as they traveled. Moreover, I show how certain social actors heightened the importance of such cultural differences through `symbolic boundary work'. Finally, I discuss how feminist activists both distance themselves from negative stereotypes of American feminist approaches to sexual harassment and simultaneously draw on international networks and ideas to expand the scope of French sexual harassment law.
Cacophony of Voices
Authors: Fábián Katalin
Published: June 2009

Feminism controversially, but fundamentally, influences why and how women's groups become implicated in politics. The debates around the meaning of feminism and the practice of feminist activism have established a discourse and created common melodies as well as some dissonance among women's groups in Hungary. This article discusses different interpretations of women's status that affect how Hungarian feminism has developed in what the author sees, contrary to a more common view, as an East—West continuum. The article analyzes how women's groups in Hungary create affiliations and relate to the West, both ideologically and materially. The article unfolds the many different forms of Hungarian women's groups according to different `layers' of feminist consciousness. A vital element in forming these layers has been anti-feminism and how it has sometimes hindered consciousness or perhaps made some `differently sensitive'. Subsequently, the article uses a feminist reinterpretation of politics — women's interpretations of what belongs to the private and public spheres — without which, the author claims, contemporary women's activism in Hungary cannot be understood or even seen. The author argues that the interlocking forms of political actions among women's groups (as part of civil society) shape the postCommunist arena, although this shaping may be less immediately visible to the casual observer.
Exhaustion from Explanation
Authors: Nash Rebecca
Published: June 2009

Frustrations attending East/West feminist dialogs in the early days of post-socialism were particularly visible in the Czech Republic. English-language publications explained why Czechs were not going to accept feminism easily, despite the growth of new gender studies centers. This article explores the works of three scholars who participated in these discussions: sociologist Marie Čermáková, philosopher and sociologist Hana Havelková, and sociologist Jiřina Šiklová. It argues that in the early to mid-1990s, Czech gender scholars' explanations of why feminism was inappropriate in the Czech context reproduced state narratives of family and gender relations from the interwar and socialist era. Feminist writings from Western Europe and the US often make explicit the contrast between state agendas and women's lives. Czech narratives of past experiences with the state, however, served as a framework for navigating the early post-socialist era.
Imagined Boundaries and Borders
Authors: Yuval-Davis Nira , Stoetzler Marcel
Published: June 2009

The article explores various ways collectivity boundaries and territorial borders, as well as the act of crossing them, are experienced and imagined, particularly by women. In doing so, the article draws on autobiographical material collected by email from women in about 25 different countries.
Le Women's Lib: Made in France
Authors: Ezekiel Judith
Published: June 2009

This article traces the French construction and demonization of American feminism (Le Women's Lib) by a segment of the women's movement and by public left-wing intellectuals. The joining of anti-American and anti-feminist traditions produces a new entity, dubbed French anti-amér-féminisme. The development is traced in the writings of one women's group, Psychanalyse et Politique, and in the debates around a so-called political correctness (PC). Defending the image of a France distinguished by harmonious gender rapport and relations of seduction, this entity is used as a mechanism to encourage French women to reject feminism or to define a different, homegrown heterosocial version. Using the examples of debates in women's studies, parity democracy and sexual harassment, the author demonstrates how anti-amér-féminisme has had material repercussions on French women's lives, such as limiting the scope of sexual harassment law.
Questioning Nationalism
Authors: Vassiliadou Myria
Published: June 2009

This article discusses the link between women's involvement and identification with the so-called `Cyprus problem' and nationalism and how it may become problematic within the context of Cyprus's future accession to the European Union. The author argues for the need to analyse women's unexplored perspectives and feminist discourses, and that theoretical questions be addressed about Cypriot women's place within Europe.
The Debate That Won't Die? Values Incommensurability, Antagonism and Theory Choice
Authors: Tadajewski Mark
Published: June 2009

In this article, I examine a recent turn in the paradigm debate towards the incommensurability thesis and the proposed possibility of adjudication between theories from different paradigms. In particular, I argue that McKelvey and Baum's views (among others) appear to be based on a desire to reduce paradigmatic pluralism and, in turn, reduce uncertainty about what is the empirically valid view among competing theories. By contrast, I make the case that an incommensurability of values still permeates any attempt to engage in theory-adjudication. Such values, I assert, will stall any attempt to adjudicate between theories from different paradigms. In the face of widespread cognitive bias, confirmation bias and belief perseverance, we cannot, I conclude, hope to deal with this issue in any satisfactory way.
Encountering the Arugula Leaf: The Failure of the Imaginary and its Implications for Research on Identity in Organizations
Authors: Driver Michaela
Published: June 2009

The article reviews research on identity in organizations. It suggests that current research reiterates imaginary constructions of identity by which identity can be defined as coherent or fragmented. Based on a psychoanalytic understanding of subjectivity, it explores how articulating identity as lack may unsettle such imaginary constructions. The article develops the significant implications this has for how identity is conceptualized and researched and, importantly, how the failure of imaginary identity constructions relates to resistance and control in organizations. The article provides new directions for the study of identity in organizations particularly with respect to widening the discursive spaces in which creative identity struggles occur.
`It's a Bit Like Being a Robot or Working in a Factory': Does Braverman Help Explain the Experiences of State Social Workers in Britain Since 1971?
Authors: Carey Malcolm
Published: June 2009

State social work in Britain has experienced radical and sustained reforms which have seen it move from being an aspiring profession to an increasingly marginalized part of a receding state welfare sector. Neo-liberal reform, and in particular the privatization of state social work, has encouraged greater managerial control, increasing regulation, workloads and deskilling for social workers. Drawing from empirical evidence, this article critically assesses the role of the state social worker since their expansion in Britain from 1971. This is achieved by considering the validity of Braverman's (1974) thesis to practitioners' experiences in the context of three (proposed) eras within the relatively brief life span of the social service department. Despite prominent deficiencies, it is argued that Braverman's overall sentiment, and many of the specific nuances of his theory, still offer much in helping us to contextualize the changing nature of state social work, as a labour process held within the increasingly `competitive' state. Finally, some suggested components of a possible reformed labour process theory that accommodate the specific dynamics of state social work are provided.
Corporate Codes of Ethics and the Bending of Moral Space
Authors: Jensen Tommy , Sandström Johan , Helin Sven
Published: June 2009

What happens when corporate codes of ethics (CCEs) `go to work', and how do they influence moral practice? Even though previous research has posed these or similar questions, the role and the effect of the CCE are still dubious. In this article, it is argued that this is predominantly because previous research is fixed in a position in which CCEs are passive artefacts with no capability of bending space, and in which agency and morality are limited to the human sphere only. An approach to the study and understanding of CCEs in which the travel of the CCE is made the focus of the research is therefore developed. The code comes alive in a heterogeneous materiality, travelling as a result of a wide range of translations, and granted an epistemological capability of influencing humans' world-views and moral practices. The approach is illustrated with a case study on CCE-implementation and it is concluded that through generating more accounts like this, researchers and practitioners are not only in a better position to understand how CCEs `go to work', but also in a better position to shoulder moral responsibility.
Institutional Heterogeneity and Change: The University as Fool
Authors: Kavanagh Donncha
Published: June 2009

While institutional theory has focused on the effect of institutions on individual organizations, this article addresses the relationships between institutions. Using a case history approach, it examines the relationship of one institution, the University, within an institutional complex. The study suggests that the University acts and has a role akin to the Fool in the medieval royal court. The Fool is embedded in a multiplicity of loyal yet agonistic relationships with a collection of `Sovereign' institutions, such as the Church, the State, the Nation, the Corporation and the Professions. Akin to the Fool, the University's skills at normative narrating, sorting and playing are central to the creation and maintenance of a semiotic nexus and the process of institutionalization and de-institutionalization. In turn, these semiotic resources are utilized in the practice of educating. The article concludes by examining how the metaphor of the Fool provides a way of re-thinking these practices.
The sexual other in Brazilian television
Authors: La Pastina Antonio C.
Published: June 2009

This article explores the representation of sexual others in prime-time Brazilian telenovelas. It investigates how gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered (GLBT) individuals have been portrayed in those media texts. It presents an account of the few images of gay males on telenovelas, with the even fewer ones of lesbian, bisexual and transgendered characters, and attempts to discuss these images in a particular historical moment in Brazil. It also looks at the impact that official censorship, audience ratings, pressure from conservative groups, such as the Catholic Church, and advertisers have on the fate and range of those images. This article ends with two case studies of recent telenovelas that included the most progressive representations in the history of the genre in Brazil.
Creating a scene
Authors: Baulch Emma
Published: June 2009

• The promotion of alternative music by deregulated television and recording industries, together with the increasingly felt presence of the metropolis, converged on Balinese cultural and physical landscapes in the 1990s. Mirroring developments in broader society, a regionalist discourse, which polarized notions of `centre' and `periphery', emerged among Balinese youth in the context of the local band scene. For certain musicians, musical authenticity was firmly rooted in a cultural and geographical locale, and was articulated by their abhorrence for socializing at shopping malls. In contrast, these Balinese alternative (including punk) musicians sought authenticity in a metropolitan elsewhere. This article is a case study of the indigenization of a `global' code in a non-western periphery. It contests arguments for the `post-imperial' nature of globalization, and demonstrates the continued salience of centre—periphery dialectics in local discourses. At the same time, the study attests to the progressive role a metropolitan superculture can play in cultural renewal in the periphery. •
Cultural studies as a hidden discipline
Authors: McEwan Paul
Published: June 2009

• This article examines the issue of disciplinarity in cultural studies from the perspective of prospective students in the field. It argues that cultural studies as educational practice is a hidden discipline with little public profile outside the few universities where it is taught as a named subject area. The result of this lack of visibility is that cultural studies is in danger of becoming a discipline for insiders, for those already `in the know' and those who stumble across it. I argue that, in order to become politically engaged with disenfranchised groups, cultural studies must make more effort to be visible to those groups. Thus, paradoxically, for cultural studies to become more politically engaged as educational practice it must take on more of the trappings of institutional disciplinarity. •
Teaching pleasure
Authors: Parham John
Published: June 2009

•This article evaluates pedagogical debates on reconciling critical cultural studies with the increasingly vocational demands of students. The approach is experiential and describes teaching `popular pleasure' at the University of East London, UK. Highlighting a reflexive approach whereby students questioned the partialities of cultural studies in light of their own experience and pleasures, the article draws on student assignments to reach two findings: a failure of reflexivity (coursework was conventionally theoretical or uncritically autobiographical); and sharp discrepancies in student satisfaction. Concluding, then, that the vocational—critical split permeates student culture itself, the essay considers how to reconcile these two constituencies — identifying opportunities in both contemporary higher education and cultural theory (for example, proposing students as cultural intermediaries) — before diagnosing remaining obstacles (from cultural studies' failure to discuss popular culture `authentically' to difficulties in drafting assessment criteria for reflexive assignments). It concludes with some recommendations for future courses. •
From understanding society to discovering the subject
Authors: Touraine Alain
Published: June 2009

Succeeding to the philosophy of law, sociology organized itself no longer around the absolute State but around society itself, conceived as a system, both differenciated and able to control itself. The concepts of institution and socialization formed the core of a large number of analyses which were both theoretical and empirical. But this `classical' view disintegrated itself both because markets eliminated a large part of institutional controls of change and because new social movements, from the 1980's on, rejected this society-centered view of social life. More recently, only the critical approach within this so-called functionalist approach survived actively, interpreting all social categories as instruments serving a domination which is more and more internalized. The most radical wing of the women's movement gave the most elaborate expression of this trend. But it necessarily exhausts itself by its entirely critical and self-destructive point of view.

The field of sociology must be entirely redefined. Some introduce the idea of a world — or global — society; some others try to give a new life to basic ideas, such as social bonds, solidarity and communication. A third group, using various vocabularies, gives a central role to the idea of Subject, which is very different from the concept of Self in its classical sense, because the Subject is defined as a self-referential effort of each individual or group to create itself as a principle of integration of more and more diversified experiences.
Organizational Politics, Multilateral Economic Organizations and Social Policy
Authors: O'Brien Robert
Published: June 2009

This article contributes to the debate over social policy and multilateral economic organizations by suggesting that advocates seeking to strengthen or defend redistributive social policy in the face of such institutions face a series of conflicts that involve challenges in three areas: organizational politics, state interest, and the balance of social forces. In terms of organizational politics, social policy is disadvantaged by the fusion of functionalism and neoclassical economics. Remedies to this problem lie in breaking down technocratic practice by exposing the organizations to other agendas and forms of knowledge. This then involves the other two challenges: state interests must incorporate a stronger promotion of social policies and the balance of social forces must shift away from commercial interests towards those favoring social policy innovation.
Capital Account Liberalization and Poverty
Authors: Cobham Alexander
Published: June 2009

Although poverty reduction has become the central focus of the multilateral institutions, research into macroeconomic policy has lagged behind and continues to be almost solely growth focused. The implications of financial market regulation for social policy goals are far from well understood, but the same approaches continue to dominate. This article aims to address this weakness and sets out a framework of linkages between capital account regulation and poverty. The key conclusion is that while the growth benefits of liberalization are far from clear for poorer countries, there may also be significant costs in poverty terms. While further research is required in a number of areas identified, the main policy implication is that capital controls must be retained as part of the toolbox of pro-poor macroeconomic policymaking. Social policy implications of macroeconomic policies must be made a central goal of research.
The Prospects of a Cosmopolitan World Order
Authors: Day Allan
Published: June 2009

This article employs a case study approach using the process and outcome of the UN's Finance for Development Conference as a tracer in order to assess the empirical basis of the work of David Held (1995), Richard Falk (1995, 1998), James Bohman (1996, 1997, 1999), and John Dryzek (1999). Delanty's (2000) distinction between legal, political and `global public sphere' conceptions of cosmopolitanism is used in order to differentiate between the range of cosmopolitan agendas. The investigation suggested that while moves towards legal forms of cosmopolitanism were seen to be unlikely, minor moves towards political forms are occurring, while the establishment of a `global public sphere' was evident at and through the conference. The evidence suggested that a more coherent version of cosmopolitanism could be constructed through the incorporation of the different conceptions of cosmopolitanism. This would enable them to take account of a variety of forms of autonomy, and remain in touch with empirical reality while providing a coherent normative vision.
The Reformulation of Social Policy in Chile, 1973—2001
Authors: Taylor Marcus
Published: June 2009

This article subjects the much-heralded Chilean `model' of social policy reform to a critical analysis. It places the Chilean reforms within the political—economic conjuncture from which they emerged and relates the trends towards privatization and decentralization to the larger neoliberal movement towards societal restructuring. Through an examination of pension, education and health reforms, the article argues that the Chilean reformulation of social policy has serious failings in terms of both pervasive structural weaknesses and a profound polarization of service provision. These factors pose important questions regarding the propagation of similar neoliberal social policy models in the Global South.