bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody Response against SRBC Immunosuppressed with Hydrocortisone Black Raspberry Extract Based Carbon Supported TiO2 Crystal
Authors: Gayathiridevi K. , Pasupathi G.
Published: January 2020

As an titanium dioxide (TiO2) with carbon supported materials, particularly in anatase phase, have been extensively investigated and utilized in many technological applications due to its excellent physicochemical properties. This article summarizes the recent progress in growing carbon supported anatase TiO2 crystals from the perspectives of Bridgemen technique. The Bridgmen technique is used to grow this crystal with TiO2 directly dissolved with carbon sources and 10 mL of Black Raspberry, as well as the performance in various applications are largely determined by external surfaces exposed, and thus crystal shape engineering is paramount for this type of materials. Furthermore, the antibody response against SRBC immunosuppressed with Hydrocortisone in Mice Model is explained here. This Crystal growth technique is also highlighted which would open a new field for the growth of single crystals with unique morphology. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a antibody response against SRBC product containing on the induction of the Mice antibody response to various antigens, both systemically and in the gut. The Mice received subsequently were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to evaluate antibody responses in serum or with tetanus toxoid (TT) to measure the antibody response in gut contents. Control groups received phosphate-buffered saline. Overall, BSA and SRBC induced a detectable antibody response.
The Effect of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum gratissimum Essential Oils and Extracts on Antimicrobial Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Environmental Sources
Authors: Chikwendu C. I. , E. Okere C. , K. Obi R. , Nwogwugwu N. U.
Published: January 2020

The continuous increase in resistance to antimicrobials amongst the Enterobacteriaceae constitutes a growing public health threat and thus has necessitated the need to continuously search for alternative antimicrobial chemotherapy. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects Moringa oleifera seed and Ocimum gratissimum plant extracts and essential oils on antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from aquatic sources. Two hundred isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were recovered from two different environmental sources. The susceptibility of the isolates to ten (10) different antimicrobials was examined by the Kirby-Bauer technique. The isolates were also tested for extended β-lactamase production (ESβL) by the modified double disc synergy test and the susceptibility of the isolates to essential oils and extracts from Moringa oleifera seeds and Ocimum gratissimum leaves was analysed using the agar - well diffusion assay. In addition, the phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out to determine their constituents. The river water isolates recorded high resistance rates for the following antibiotics: Ampicillin (99%), cefotaxime (83%), imipenem (77%) and low rates for levofloxacine (19%), while the aquaculture isolates expressed high resistance rates to ampicillin (95%) ceftazedime (86%), ertapenem (65%), and low rates to aztreonam (8%). Thirteen (37%) isolates out of 35 tested were positive for ESβL   production, four isolates from river water and nine from aquaculture. Antimicrobial analysis of the essential oils against the ESBL producers showed no inhibitory activity while the plant extracts produced zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations of between 1.32 and 2.70 mg/ml for the two plant extracts tested. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides in different quantities. This study has shown that crude extracts of Moringa oleifera seeds and Ocimum gratissimum leaf could become a potential alternative in the treatment of infections due to antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Determination of the Equilibrium Point According to a Temporal Model of Rehydration in a Population with Cholera in Logistic Growth
Authors: Jackob K. O.
Published: January 2020

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine of humans caused by a gram-negative bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It is spread through eating food or drinking water contaminated with faeces from an infected person. It causes rapid dehydration and general body imbalance, and can lead to death since untreated individuals suer severely from diarrhea and vomiting. Its dynamics involves multiple interaction between the human host, the pathogen and the environment which contributes to both human to human and indirect environment to human transmission pathways. Rehydration is critical in reducing cholera death. This has been studied by other scholars but they did not consider delay in rehydration on the spread of cholera. In this paper, I formulate a mathematical model based on system of ordinary differential equation with rehydration on the spread of cholera in a logistically growing population. The existence of the steady states and the basic reproduction number is established such that disease free equilibrium point exists. Determination of endemic equilibrium shows that the model has positive points. The findings will be signicant in the sense that timely rehydration should be done during cholera outbreak and will enable individuals with symptoms to seek immediate medical attention.
Qualitative Analysis of Bacterial Aerosols Generated during Ultrasonic Dental Scaling
Authors: Anjum Angabeen , Hosein Mervyn , Akram Butt Saima , . Fakhuruddin , Shafiq Yousra
Published: January 2020

Aims: To compare the efficacy of two mouth rinses (0.2% Chlorhexidine and 5% green tea mouth rinse) in reducing the bacterial load (CFUs) in aerosol samples collected during ultrasonic dental scaling and to do the qualitative analysis of bacterial isolates.

Study Design: Quasi experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontics (Ziauddin college of Dentistry), Ziauddin University, Karachi, between January 2019 to August 2019.

Methodology: This study comprised of seventy patients (43 males and 27 females) within the age group of 20 to 65 years having gingival and plaque score between 1 and 3 and mean probing depth less than 5 mm. All study subjects were divided into 2 equal groups (group 1 and group 2). A split mouth design was used for ultrasonic scaling (oral prophylaxis). Control side was scaled without pre rinsing while the test side was scaled after pre procedural mouth rinsing. Group 1 study subjects were instructed to rinse with 10 ml 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouth rinse for one minute and Group 2 rinsed with 10 ml 5% green tea mouth rinse for a minute. Fresh blood agar plates were used for air sampling, which were then transported to Microbiology laboratory (JPMC) for aerobic culturing and microbiological examination.

Results: Greater percentage of Gram positive bacteria were found in aerosol samples generated during ultrasonic scaling. Gram positive cocci (Staph epidermidis and Micrococci species) were in abundance and very few gram negative bacteria were detected.

Conclusion: Dental health care providers and patients can easily acquire infections because of contaminated aerosols and splatters and so all infection control measures should be taken to minimize these risks. Pre procedural mouth rinsing with effective mouthwashes should be done before dental procedures as it is easiest and much economical way of reducing cross infection.
Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller Design for Uncertain Robotic Manipulator With Finite‐Time Convergence
Authors: Zhu Yuqiang , Liu Zhen , Kao Yonggui , Zhu Quanmin
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the issue of finite‐time tracking control for uncertain robotic manipulator systems with unknown actuator faults and shifting loads based upon a fuzzy sliding mode control strategy. A novel fuzzy adaptive sliding mode fault‐tolerant control law is synthesized, where a fuzzy approximation algorithm is utilized to fit the unknown plant parameters, potential disturbances, and relational actuator faults, and the corresponding adaptive robust term is designed to estimate the unidentified boundary of the estimated errors, and the boundedness of all the relevant design parameters of the manipulator systems is ensured combining with the average dwell time mechanism of switched system control theory. Furthermore, the reachability of the pre‐devised sliding surface and the finite‐time convergence of tracking error are achieved under the presented controller design. Ultimately, simulation results exhibit the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Modulating Polaron Behavior in PM6 Blends with Nonfullerene and Fullerene Acceptors: The Importance of Singlet Energy Transfer
Authors: Harris Rebecca , Chang Chia‐Yu , Guo Junjun , Ivov Gonev Hristo , Clarke Tracey M.
Published: December 2024

Non‐fullerene acceptors are paving the way toward high‐efficiency organic photovoltaics. In the quest to both understand the origins of these high efficiencies and to push them ever higher, the interactions between the different excited states that contribute to device function ineeds to be understood. In this work, the presence and behavior of bimodal polarons are investigated in high‐performing conjugated polymer PM6 and its blends with non‐fullerene acceptor ITIC‐4F and fullerene acceptor PC60BM. Transient absorption spectroscopy is used to gain insight into the blends’ polarons as a function of blend ratio. Two types of polymer polaron are identified in the PM6:fullerene blends: bound polarons located in pure polymer domains and “interfacial” polarons located in mixed domains. In contrast, the PM6 polarons observed in PM6:ITIC‐4F blends show very different behavior, most notably an almost complete lack of the bound polarons. This loss is attributed to efficient singlet energy transfer from donor to acceptor prior to charge photogeneration taking place. This energy transfer suppresses the formation of bound polaron pairs that rapidly decay back to the ground state, thereby providing another pathway that enables high efficiencies in non‐fullerene acceptor‐based organic photovoltaics.
Triggering Oxygen Redox Cycles in Nickel Ferrite by Octahedral Geometry Engineering for Enhancing Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Peng Yang , Zhao Xu , Shao Yiqun , Yue Xin , Hu Zhuofeng , Huang Shaoming
Published: December 2024

Spinel‐type nickel ferrite (NixFe3‐xO4, x≤1) is a widely used electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Due to the lower hybridization of metal‐d and oxygen‐p orbitals, the OER process on NixFe3‐xO4 follows the sluggish adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM). Generally, activating the lattice oxygen to trigger the lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM) can enhance the OER activity. Herein, to trigger the LOM pathway while maintaining high stability, iron foam (IF)‐supported Ni0.75Fe2.25O4 (NiFeO) with geometrical defects of [NiO6] (nickel cation coordinated with six oxygen anions) units and higher ratio of Fe to Ni cations in octahedral sites (d‐NiFeHRO/IF) is prepared by ion‐exchanging with polar aprotic solvent followed by annealing. As a result, as‐synthesized d‐NiFeHRO/IF exhibits excellent activity (at 295 mV overpotential to achieve 100 mA cm−2), fast kinetics (Tafel slope of only 34.6 mV dec−1), and high stability (maintaining a current density of 100 mA cm−2 over 130 h) for the OER. The theoretical calculations reveal that the construction of octahedral defect in NixFe3‐xO4 enhances the overlap of Fe‐d and O‐p orbitals, which can activate the lattice oxygen. Therefore, increasing the ratio of Fe to Ni will further improve the lattice oxygen redox activity, and thus trigger the fast LOM pathway, ultimately facilitating the OER process.
Identification of CSPG4 as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Infantile Post‐Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus via Multi‐Omics Analysis
Authors: Chen Juncao , Wang Lin , Peng Xiangwen , Cheng Tingting , Yang Yihui , Su Jingzhen , Zou Hongmei , Wang Siyao , Mao Yueting , Wu Lixiang , Yin Xuntao , Li Minxu , Zhu Mingwei , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2024

Intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates has become a major global health problem and is associated with a high risk of post‐hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). Identifying diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is a focal challenge in the PHH prevention and control. Here, this study applies multi‐omics analyses to characterize the biochemical, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in clinical human cohorts to investigate disease development and recovery processes occurring due to PHH. Integrative multiomics analysis suggests that the over‐representation of ferroptosis, calcium, calcium ion binding, and cell adhesion signaling pathways is associated with PHH. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is discovered as a CSF biomarker and positively correlated with the ventricular size and the rate of periventricular leukomalacia. Next, it is further demonstrated that these signaling pathways are dysregulated in the choroid plexus (ChP) in PHH by using in vitro cellular experiments and rat models of PHH, whereas CSPG4 silencing can suppress ferroptosis, cell adhesion function, and the intracellular flow of Ca2+. These findings broaden the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of PHH and suggest that CSPG4 may be an effective therapeutic target for PHH.
Continuous Flow Photoelectrochemical Reactor with Gas Permeable Photocathode: Enhanced Photocurrent and Partial Current Density for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jung Hyunju , Jamal Aqil , Gereige Issam , Nguyen Tan Tien , Ager Joel W. , Jung Hee‐Tae
Published: December 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction using a photocathode is an attractive method for making valuable chemical products due to its simplicity and lower overpotential requirements. However, previous PEC processes have often been diffusion‐limited leading to low production rates of the CO2 reduction reaction, due to inefficient gas diffusion through the liquid electrolyte to the catalyst surface, particularly at high current densities. In this study, a gas‐permeable photocathode in a continuous flow PEC reactor is incorporated, which facilitates the direct supply of CO2 gas to the photocathode‐electrolyte interface, unlike dark reaction‐based flow reactors. This concept is demonstrated using Ag‐TiO2 on carbon paper, illuminated through a quartz window and flowing liquid electrolyte. CO2 supply is managed via pressure and flow control on the non‐illuminated side of the carbon paper. The photocurrent density is significantly influenced by the flow rates and pressure of CO2 gas, and the electrolyte flow rates. Compared to the traditional H‐cell, the continuous PEC flow reactor achieves ≈10‐fold increase in CO faradaic efficiency, 30‐fold increase in production rate and 16‐fold increase in stability without catalyst modifications. This work provides essential insights into the design and application of continuous gas‐liquid flow PEC reactor systems, highlighting their potential for other PEC reactions.
Development of a Sealed Rechargeable Li–SO2 Battery
Authors: Hyun Gayea , Lee Myeong Hwan , Liu Haodong , Wang Shen , Hui Zeyu , Petrova Victoria , Liu Ping
Published: December 2024

Rechargeable Li–SO2 batteries offer low‐cost, high‐energy density benefits and can leverage manufacturing processes for the existing primary version at a commercial scale. However, they have so far only been demonstrated in an “open‐system” with continuous gas supply, preventing practical application. Here, the utilization and reversibility of SO2 along with the lithium stability are addressed, all essential for long‐life, high‐energy batteries. The study discovers that high SO2 utilization is achievable only from SO2 dissolved in electrolytes between the lithium anode and carbon cathode. This results from a unique osmosis phenomenon where SO2 consumption increases salt concentration, driving the influx of organic solvents rather than SO2 from outside the current path. This insight leads to configure a bobbin‐cell with all electrolytes between the electrodes, realizing nearly 70% of SO2 utilization, > 12x greater than in conventional coin cells. To improve reaction rate and SO2 reversibility, triphenylamine is employed to the electrolyte, creating an electron‐rich environment that alleviates the disproportionation of discharge products. Incorporating this additive into a bobbin‐cell with a lithium protective layer yields a cell with a projected energy density exceeding 183.2 Wh kg−1. The work highlights the potential of Li–SO2 batteries as affordable, sustainable energy storage options.
Engineering Dual Active Sites and Defect Structure in Nanozymes to Reprogram Jawbone Microenvironment for Osteoradionecrosis Therapy
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Wang Yuchen , Lin Haobo , Chen Ziyu , Qin Ran , Wang Tianxiao , Xu Hang , Du Yifei , Yuan Hua , Pan Yongchu , Jiang Huijun , Jiang Xinquan , Jiang Jiandong , Wu Fan , Wang Yuli
Published: December 2024

Four to eight percent of patients with head and neck cancer will develop osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) after radiotherapy. Various radiation‐induced tissue injuries are associated with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) overproduction. Herein, Fe doping is used in VOx (Fe‐VOx) nanozymes with multienzyme activities for ORNJ treatment via RONS scavenging. Fe doping can induce structure reconstruction of nanozymes with abundant defect production, including Fe substitution and oxygen vacancies (OVs), which markedly increased multiple enzyme‐mimicking activity. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme‐like performance of Fe‐VOx can effectively reprogram jawbone microenvironment to restore mitochondrial dysfunction and enhance mitophagy. Moreover, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Fe‐VOx made it a good photothermal nanoagents for inhibiting jaw infection. Thus, this work demonstrated that Fe‐VOx nanozymes can efficiently scavenge RONS, activate mitophagy, and inhibit bacteria, which is potential for ORNJ treatment.
Mechanistic Insights Into Post‐Translational α‐Keto‐β‐Amino Acid Formation by a Radical S‐Adenosyl Methionine Peptide Splicease
Authors: Vagstad Anna L. , Lakis Edgars , Csizi Katja‐Sophia , Walls William , Richter Daniel , Soo Lee Kang , Stocker Roman , Gugger Muriel , Broderick William E. , Broderick Joan B. , Reiher Markus , Piel Jörn
Published: December 2024

Radical S‐adenosyl methionine enzymes catalyze a diverse repertoire of post‐translational modifications in protein and peptide substrates. Among these, an exceptional and mechanistically obscure example is the installation of α‐keto‐β‐amino acid residues by formal excision of a tyrosine‐derived tyramine unit. The responsible spliceases are key maturases in a widespread family of natural products termed spliceotides that comprise potent protease inhibitors, with the installed β‐residues being crucial for bioactivity. Here, we established the in vitro activity of the model splicease PcpXY to interrogate the mechanism of non‐canonical protein splicing. Identification of shunt and coproducts, deuterium labeling studies, and density functional theory energy calculations of hypothesized intermediates support a mechanism involving hydrogen abstraction at tyrosine Cα as the initial site of peptide radical formation and release of 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde as the tyrosine‐derived coproduct. The data illuminate key features of this unprecedented radical‐mediated biotransformation yielding ketoamide pharmacophores that are also present in peptidomimetic therapeutics.
Lösungsmittelabhängige divergente Cyclisierung von Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanen
Authors: Zhang Fuhao , Dutta Subhabrata , Petti Alessia , Rana Debanjan , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2024

Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane (BCBs) haben in jüngster Zeit als vielseitige Vorstufen für die unkomplizierte und atomökonomische Synthese potenzieller [n.1.1]‐Bioisostere und multifunktionalisierter Cyclobutane großes Forschungsinteresse geweckt. Hier berichten wir über eine lösungsmittelabhängige divergente Cyclisierung von BCBs, die hochgradig diastereospezifisch dekorierte Cyclobutane und sauerstoffhaltige Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (BCHeps) liefert, die als Bioisostere von meta‐substituierten Arenen dienen. Zusätzlich wurde ein beispielloser 1,2‐Difunktionalisierungsreaktionsmodus für BCBs erforscht, wodurch der chemische Raum von Aren‐Bioisosteren und hochfunktionalisierten Cyclobutanen erweitert wurde.
Ligand‐Protected Golden Fullerene Au42 with Unprecedented Metal Coordination Number of 15
Authors: Luyang Heng‐Wang , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Yuan Shang‐Fu , Li Jun , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: December 2024

A golden fullerene with a composition of [Au42(Ph3P)10(5‐CF3‐Hpa)8] (CF3COO)2 (5‐CF3‐H2pa=5‐trifluoropyridyl‐2‐amine) (Au42) has been synthesized with pyridylamino and phosphine ligands as the protecting agents. Single crystal X‐ray structural analysis reveals that the cluster has a D3h Au4210+ core, which can be depicted as a centered core–shell structure Au@Au15@Au26. The 41 Au atoms of the Au15@Au26 core–shell can be derived from placing a gold atom in the center of each polygon of C78 (D3h). Surprisingly, the centered gold atom of this noble cluster has the highest coordination number in metal nanoclusters of 15. Quantum‐chemical studies suggest that the excellent stability of Au42 results from both the superatomic characteristics of the Au42 kernel and the gold‐ligand interactions.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Elastomeric Poly(n‐Butyl Acrylate) Ionomers
Authors: Ko Kwang‐Hwan , Kim Joon‐Seop
Published: December 2024

This research explored the impact of temperature on the mechanical properties of poly(n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐Na methacrylate) (PBA) ionomers, as an elastomeric ionomer, with an emphasis on their ion content. The PBA ionomers were found to exhibit dual glass transition temperatures (T
gs) and ionic plateaus, characteristics typically observed in other amorphous ionomers. Significantly, in PBA ionomers, ionic aggregates (i.e., multiplets) functioned like chemical cross‐linking points in addition to their conventional role as physical cross‐links. This dual functionality resulted in an upward shift of the rubbery plateau and a consequent enhancement of storage moduli. In a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of PBA, poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), and poly(styrene‐methacrylate) (PSMA) ionomers, it was determined that the extent of ionomer clustering increased progressively from PBA ionomer to PEA ionomer to PSMA ionomer. The mechanical properties of these three ionomer systems were interpreted through the lens of multiplet formation mechanisms, with a particular focus on the quantity of multiplets and the number of ion pairs per multiplet, both of which were modulated by the matrix T
gs of each ionomer.
Determination of selenium speciation in the muscle, kidney, and liver from different animals treated with different selenium supplements by HPLC‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Guo Xiaoqing , Jia Xueting , Zhang Kai , Tang Chaohua , Si Xueyang , He Bo , Carey Manus , Perkins Lynda S. , Zhao Qingyu , Zhang Junmin
Published: December 2024

Dietary selenium (Se) deficiency is recognized as a global problem, and exogenous Se supplementation can effectively enrich its levels in animal bodies. Offal tissues are equally important as meat in Se enrichment. Varying properties among Se species require information beyond total Se concentration to fully evaluate health risk/benefits. In the present study, the reliable inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and HPLC‐ICP‐MS methods were optimized to analyze total Se content and Se speciation in the muscle and kidney of sheep, kidney and liver of pig, and liver of chicken after different Se supplementation treatments. The total Se contents in the liver and kidney were higher than in muscle. Five Se species were detected in the muscle, and selenourea was additionally detected in the liver and kidney. Sheep muscle and chicken liver mainly contained selenomethionine, and other tissues mainly contained selenocysteine. As the levels of selenomethionine or selenium‐enriched yeast increased in the feed, the proportion of selenomethionine in the sample increased, as well as the proportion of selenocysteine decreased, and almost no inorganic selenium was detected in all tissues. This study has provided insights for analyzing the Se enrichment patterns in tissues, which is significant for understanding the Se metabolism, animal health, and enriching the dietary Se supplementation for humans.
Iron‐Doped Cadmium Sulfide/Graphene Oxide (Cd(1‐x)Fe(x)S/GO) Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic Pollutants
Authors: Dorothy S. , Sugumar P. , Meenakshi S. , Settu Munusamy , Devanesan Sandhanasamy , Kalpana K. , Dixit Saurav , Rajendran K.
Published: December 2024

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been widely explored as a promising solution for dye degradation due to its cost‐effectiveness, ease of recovery, and use of green technology. Precisely, iron‐doped cadmium sulfide (CdS) exhibits greater efficiency because of its higher charge separation, more electron transfer efficiency, and adsorption under visible region. In this study, two different ratios of iron‐doped cadmium sulfide (Cd(1‐x)Fe(x)S/GO) nanocomposites such as Cd0.95Fe0.05S/GO and Cd0.90Fe0.10S/GO were synthesized using the coprecipitation method and characterized with UV‐Vis DRS, XRD, FT‐IR, Raman, XPS, and HR‐TEM. The nanocomposites have been employed to degrade the methyl orange under visible region and optimize the dopant ratio, amount of catalyst, and pH. From the results, it is observed that the composition with a high percentage of iron‐doped CdS such as Cd0.90Fe0.10S/GO displayed better photocatalytic properties and improved the optimum ratio (0.9:0.1 for Cd:Fe). This may be attributed to the highest charge separation, increased number of defective sites, and enhanced visible‐range adsorption owing to Fe doping. In addition to that, doping results reduce the band gap and size of the nanoparticles. It also increases recycling efficiency, reaching 93% after 10 cycles.
Targeting Yes‐Associated Protein (YAP) in Breast Cancer: In Silico Molecular Dynamics, Luminescence‐Based In Vitro, and In Vivo Validation of Rauvolfia tetraphylla‐Derived Inhibitors
Authors: Balavaishnavi B. , Kamaraj M. , Nithya T. G. , Sathish Sruthy , Madhavan Thirumurthy , mahajan Megha , Pandiaraj Saravanan
Published: December 2024

The study aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of Rauvolfia tetraphylla against breast cancer through a comprehensive, multi‐faceted approach. This includes molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and experimental validation. Initial screening via ADME analysis and network pharmacology identified key compounds and potential targets. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis pinpointed Yes‐associated protein‐1 (YAP) as a crucial target. Molecular docking revealed that three compounds—ajmaline, reserpine, and serpentine—exhibited strong binding affinities with YAP, with scores of −6.5 to −6.7 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the stability of these interactions further. Experimental validation showed R. tetraphylla inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, with an IC50 of 348.69 μg/mL, while demonstrating cytoprotective effects on Vero cells (IC50: 1056.23 μg/mL). Migration assays indicated an 88.5% reduction in cell migration, and increased ROS levels signaled elevated stress in cancer cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by AO/EtBr staining. In vivo validation in a DMBA‐induced mouse model confirmed significant tumor growth inhibition, supported by changes in YAP expression and histopathological analysis. These findings highlight R. tetraphylla as a promising therapeutic candidate against breast cancer, offering insights into its mechanisms and potential for future drug development and clinical applications.
Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Lichen Planus: A Rare Case Report of a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Moretti David , Cucherousset Joël , Benlagha Nadia , Taïhi Ihsène
Published: December 2024

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral mucosa is increasingly affecting younger individuals, particularly in the tongue. SCC can develop from disorders like oral lichen planus (OLP). This case highlights the first known instance of OLP and SCC in a pregnant woman, suggesting hormonal changes and HPV as possible risk factors.
Salt template synthesis of CoO@Co nanoparticles encapsulated in 3D porous nitrogen‐doped carbon for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Yao , Song Jing‐Ya , Hu Jun‐Die , Liu Lv‐Fei , Zhang Chun‐Mei , Li Jing‐Sha
Published: December 2024

Developing high performance and cost‐effective electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of critical significance for fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Herein, CoO@Co nanoparticles encapsulated in three‐dimensional (3D) porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoO@Co/Co‐N‐C) have been successfully derived from the cobalt–tannin framework via the NH4Cl salt template strategy. Owing to the generated NH3 and HCl gas from NH4Cl during the pyrolysis process, CoO@Co/Co‐N‐C formed a 3D porous carbon architecture with ultrahigh‐specific surface area (1052.5 m2 g−1). This hybrid catalyst exhibits comparable ORR catalytic activity, as well as superior stability to 20 wt% Pt/C in alkaline conditions. This finding offers a novel and facile strategy to synthesize 3D porous carbon as non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.
How Green Innovation and Green Corporate Social Responsibility Transform Green Transformational Leadership Into Sustainable Performance? Evidence From an Emerging Economy
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Gia Linh Le Cat
Published: December 2024

In light of the rapidly evolving technology nowadays, a green business model is now required for sustainability and long‐term survival, especially for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and general businesses. This study aims to investigate how green transformational leadership and sustainable corporate performance for SMEs interact by examining the coordinating functions of green innovation and green corporate social responsibility in a developing nation. The current study followed the quantitative methodology along with a questionnaire for data collection. The survey's target sample consisted of senior and middle‐level executives from Vietnam's printing and FMCG manufacturing industries. Following the survey, 449 valid responses were gathered, and SmartPLS (version 4.1.0.6) structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data. This analysis contributes to the body of knowledge by using the natural resource‐based view Theory and Stakeholder Theory to provide a “three‐green‐model” that includes green transformational leadership, green innovation, and green corporate social responsibility, as well as their combined impact on sustainable corporate performance in a developing nation. The study findings confirm that green transformational leadership has a positive impact on sustainable corporate performance, both directly and indirectly, through green innovation and green corporate social responsibility, leading to better financial and environmental results. This study provides useful insights into how green leadership promotes sustainable growth, giving SMEs a method to balance between social and environmental responsibility and economic success.
CCOA‐AdaLS: Hybrid Beamforming Using Chaotic Chebyshev Aquila Optimization for mmWave Massive MIMO
Authors: R. Anandan , Rahman Abdur , S. Seenuvasamurthi , G. Vishnu Vardhan Rao
Published: December 2024

This research aims to design hybrid analog and digital beamforming to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spectral efficiency (SE) of communication links. Considering the complexity and cost associated with fully connected multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) communication models, a partially connected system model is adopted for the downlink millimeter‐wave (mmWave) communication model. The analog beamforming utilizes the adaptive search (AdaLS) algorithm to minimize interference and enhance user power, whereas digital beamforming is optimized using the proposed Chaotic Chebyshev Aquila Optimization (CCAO) algorithm. The CCAO algorithm integrates chaotic Chebyshev–based solution mapping with the conventional Aquila Optimization Algorithm to enhance exploration capability. The system model is illustrated, and the problem is formulated to maximize the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) through the selection of the required signal at the receiver. The digital beamformer is designed using Lagrange's multiplier, and the analog beamformer is optimized using AdaLS. The proposed CCAO algorithm is detailed, incorporating chaotic dynamics to explore the solution space effectively. The research evaluates the performance of the proposed method against conventional approaches, showcasing improved normalized beam gain and SINR.
Hybrid Optimization Approach for Handoff Strategy–Based Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio Network
Authors: Poonia Renuka , Dalal Priyanka , Singh Vijay Pal
Published: December 2024

Device‐to‐device (D2D) transmission is essential for enhancing the functionality of fifth‐generation (5G) networks. This paper addresses the need for effective power allocation and resource management for D2D users, who operate as secondary users (SUs) alongside primary users (PUs). Ensuring that D2D operations do not disrupt PU interactions is crucial. Traditional bandwidth distribution approaches rely on complete channel state information (CSI) from the base station (BS), leading to uncertainty fin resource allocation. To get rid of these challenges, this paper proposes a novel handoff strategy based on spectrum allocation in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The data priority–based channel allocation is carried out using proposed hybrid optimization cuttlefish updated dwarf mongoose optimization (CUDMO). It is the combination of both cuttle fish algorithm (CFA) and dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO) algorithms. This optimization considers constraints such as coverage, signal strength, distance, bandwidth and improved strategy like signal‐to‐noise ratio–channel usability (SNR‐CU). Furthermore, an improved fuzzy logic–based proactive handoff mechanism, the fuzzy‐induced modified rules for channel selection (FIMRCS), is introduced. This scheme optimally selects channels, minimizing service interruption during handoff. In the dynamic multichannel selection (DMCS) scheme, parameters like channel rank, channel transmission, and channel usability are considered as the constraints while selecting the channel. They are evaluated against a set of 27 defined rules, ensuring efficient data transmission through the chosen channels. Finally, the performance of proposed CUDMO algorithm is contrasted over state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of various constraints. The CUDMO for Device 450 generated a bandwidth of 1.175 bps, surpassing the lower bandwidth achieved by conventional strategies.
Signal Reconstruction Based on Time‐Varying Sliding Window in WSNs Using Compressed Sensing
Authors: Zeynali Alireza , Ali Tinati Mohammad
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a new algorithm that utilizes compressed sensing (CS) for reconstruction of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) data with spatial and temporal correlation. The proposed method utilizes a time‐varying sliding window mechanism that dynamically adjusts both the window size and the number of measurements. This flexibility allows the algorithm to exploit spatio‐temporal correlations effectively, ensuring that data within the window remains sparse and thus more compressible. By dynamically varying the number of measurements, the algorithm equitably distributes the sampling rate across different time slots, adapting to changes in signal characteristics and minimizing transmission costs. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms other CS reconstruction methods by achieving higher reconstruction precision while requiring fewer transmissions. This is achieved through a decentralized data‐window framework that maximizes the use of prior signal information, leading to improved signal recovery performance in diverse WSN scenarios.
Adaptive Clustering and Trust Aware Routing (ACTAR) for Wireless Sensor Networks in IoT Environments
Authors: Nagamani Vadala , Annapurna K.
Published: December 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a revolutionary technology, connecting a vast number of people to the internet through various devices such as smartphones, laptops, sensors, and more. An essential component of IoT, the wireless sensor network (WSN), enables automation in processes like sensing, node monitoring, and data transmission. However, the full potential of IoT is hindered by cyber threats and unreliable communication. Although several security algorithms exist, they are not suitable for energy‐constrained sensor nodes. To address this issue, this paper proposes an energy‐efficient security mechanism called adaptive clustering and trust aware routing (ACTAR) for IoT‐WSNs. ACTAR operates in three phases: adaptive and hybrid clustering (AHC), multiobjective function‐based cluster head selection (MOCH), and trust aware routing (TAR). First, AHC utilizes a nonuniform clustering mechanism to categorize the network into nearby and distant clusters. Next, the selection of cluster heads is based on four metrics: coverage, communication cost, residual energy, and node proximity. Finally, TAR calculates the trust degree of sensor nodes by evaluating their direct and indirect behavior in terms of communication interactions and energy consumption. The node with the highest trust degree is selected as the next‐hop forwarding node, followed by the route with the highest trust degree. Extensive simulations of ACTAR demonstrate its performance in terms of malicious detection rate, false‐positive rate, residual energy, and packet delivery ratio. Comparative analysis shows that ACTAR outperforms existing methods, proving its superiority.
Design and Optimization of Dielectric Resonator–Based Two‐Port Filtering Radiator With Machine Learning for Sub‐6 GHz 5G Wireless Applications
Authors: Samarah Ashraf , Bagwari Ashish
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes the structured and investigation of multi‐port ceramic‐based aerial with filtering, high gain, and circular polarization features. The alumina ceramic is excited using a cross‐shaped microstrip line. Defected ground structure (DGS) is utilized to provide good impedance matching within the operating band. Metasurface suspension over the two‐port aerial improves the gain level by an amount of 10.2 dBi. The application of polarization diversity idea helps to improve separation between aerial ports by 25 dB. The prediction of |S11| and axial ratio using random forest and XGBoost‐built machine learning (ML) technique reduces the computational complexity. Fabricated prototype confirms that the designed antenna operates in between 2.55 and 3.45 GHz, and 3‐dB axial ratio is found in between 2.75 and 3.15 GHz. Directive far‐field attributes and suitable amount of diversity parameters confirm its applicability for sub‐6 GHz‐based 5G communication system.
Divergent Synthesis of 4‐Aminotriazoles Through Click Cycloaddition and Generation of Iodonium(III) Triazoles
Authors: Hayashi Takumi , Elboray Elghareeb E. , Sudo Hina , Takenaga Naoko , Satake Hiroyuki , Dohi Toshifumi
Published: December 2024

The divergent synthesis of 4‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazoles was accomplished through the Cu‐catalyzed cycloaddition of organic azides with alkynyliodonium(III) salts, followed by Cu‐catalyzed triazole‐amine coupling involving treatment with amines and amides. The in situ formation of 1,2,3‐triazole iodonium salts is crucial to this approach, and the utilization of a Cu‐catalyst facilitates cycloaddition and C−N bond formation. The synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazolyliodonium(III) salts proposed in this study offers advantages, including mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity, while also providing efficient access to a complex and diverse range of 4‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives.
“Consumers’ Preferences Toward Farmed Salmon in China: Integrating Sensory and Choice Experiments”
Authors: Budhathoki Mausam , Xu Hao , Ma Zixuan , Campbell Danny , Zhang Wenbo , Li Saihong , Newton Richard , Little David
Published: December 2024

China's growing demand for farmed salmon is apparent, with the country importing 190 thousand tonnes valued at over $1.12 billion in 2023. In response, the Chinese government allowed rainbow trout to be labelled and sold as salmon starting in 2018, bridging the gap between domestically produced trout and imported Atlantic salmon. This study aimed to explore how country‐of‐origin information influences Chinese consumers' sensory perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for salmon. Using a within‐subject design with two evaluation rounds (blind and informed) we combined hedonic liking where Chinese consumers rated three salmon samples (from Norway, Chile, and China) with a discrete choice experiment.
The results indicated that under the blind taste test, Chinese consumers found no significant difference in sensory preference between domestic rainbow trout and imported Atlantic salmon from Norway and Chile. However, when informed of the product origins, consumer preferences shifted in favor of Norwegian and Chilean Atlantic salmon. Furthermore, consumers' WTP for salmon was unaffected by the country of production unless provenance was disclosed, at which point the origin significantly influenced their preferences. Ecolabels, price, overall liking, education, frequency of aquatic food consumption, and prior experience with salmon were also found to impact WTP for salmon. These insights offer valuable insights for salmon producers/importers/marketers to customize their approaches in response to consumer preferences, refine product positioning, and seize upon opportunities within the competitive salmon market in China.
The GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates: Data sources, methods, and a snapshot of the cancer burden worldwide
Authors: Filho Adalberto M. , Laversanne Mathieu , Ferlay Jacques , Colombet Murielle , Piñeros Marion , Znaor Ariana , Parkin Donald M. , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Bray Freddie
Published: December 2024

The data sources and methods used to develop global cancer incidence and mortality statistics—the GLOBOCAN estimates—for the year 2022 are documented in this article, alongside a brief overview of the global cancer burden. The estimates, made available in 185 countries or territories worldwide for 36 cancer sites by sex and age, are based on the best available local data sources, namely population‐based cancer registries (for incidence) and national vital statistics (for mortality). In males, lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2022 (1.57 million new cases [95% UI: 1.56–1.58]), followed by prostate cancer (1.47 million [1.46–1.48]). With 2.30 million (2.28–2.30) new cases estimated in 2022, breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer in females, followed by lung cancer (0.91 million [0.90–0.91 million]) and cervical cancer (0.66 million [0.66–0.67]). The most common causes of cancer death in males and females were lung cancer (1.23 million [1.22–1.24]) and breast cancer (0.67 million [0.66–0.67]), respectively.
Making covert processes explicit: A disciplinary heuristic for Reading literary text
Authors: Lampi Jodi P. , Rush Leslie S. , Holschuh Jodi Patrick , Reynolds Todd
Published: December 2024

In this article, we argue that the goal of reading literary text is the creation of interpretation, and we advocate for a research‐based disciplinary literacy heuristic that centers on reading and interpreting literary text. The heuristic serves as a guide for designing instruction that incorporates important instructional principles for English/Language Arts: acceptance of literary ambiguity, use of collaborative discussion, and adoption of asset‐based approaches. We unpack the heuristic and recommend instructional approaches that center student voices in the process of interpreting literary texts, supporting them to learn not only how literature works, but also how to engage in their own interpretations.
Recent Advances in Screening and Separating Active Components From Natural Products Based on High‐Speed Countercurrent Chromatography
Authors: Wang Xing‐Cui , Huang Xin‐Yi , Zhang Fu‐Xin , Muhire Jules , Di Duo‐Long , Hai Jun , Pei Dong
Published: December 2024

Natural products play a vital role in human health because people find that they can reduce the incidence of many diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, researchers have developed many effective techniques for screening and separating active compounds from natural products. High‐speed countercurrent chromatography is a unique unsupported liquid–liquid chromatography technology that has been widely used in the separation of natural products. In this paper, the research progress of screening and separating active components from natural products by combining high‐speed countercurrent chromatography technology with other technologies is reviewed from two aspects: pre‐column activity assay and post‐column activity assay. The purpose of this paper is to provide some theoretical support for the screening and separation of natural active compounds by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. I hope that the contents summarized in this paper can provide more basis for the development of screening and separation of natural active compounds to realize large‐scale preparation.
Perceived Value, Environmental Regulation, and Farmers' Cultivated Land Quality Protection Practices
Authors: Ren Zhong
Published: December 2024

Promoting farmers to implement cultivated land quality protection practices is an effective strategy for combating soil degradation in cultivated land. Based on 528 survey data, perceived value and environmental regulation are hereby introduced into the model of farmers' cultivated land quality protection practical decision‐making for the first time, and the Multivariate Probit model and Tobit model are employed to examine the influence of perceived value and environmental regulation on farmers' cultivated land quality protection practices. The results show that: firstly, perceived value and environmental regulation enhance the intensity of farmers' cultivated land quality protection practices, with perceived benefits (0.048) and incentive regulation (0.052) having a more pronounced effect. Secondly, incentive regulation facilitates to improve the practice intensity of farmers with a higher perceived value level, while guiding regulation contributes to improving the practice intensity of farmers with a lower level of perceived risks. Thirdly, the practice intensity of the old generation is mainly influenced by perceived benefits (0.056) and incentive regulation (0.062), while the new generation is primarily influenced by perceived risks (0.039) and guiding regulation (0.061). Therefore, the government should consider the overall effects of perceived value and environmental regulation on farmers in promoting practices for cultivated land quality protection.
Efficiency Assessment of Mutual Fund With Risk and Negative Data: An Improved Two‐Stage Network SBM Model
Authors: Shi Xiao , Pei Zhuo , Liu Xinle
Published: December 2024

This paper innovatively proposes an improved two‐stage network SBM model, which could handle negative data and incorporates the CVaR indicator representing risks in efficiency evaluation. The proposed approach is utilized to evaluate and analyze the overall efficiency and two subsystems' efficiencies of 29 mutual funds in China from 2018 to 2022. Empirical results demonstrate that both operational management efficiency and portfolio management efficiency significantly impact overall efficiency. Funds exhibiting excellent performance in operational management subsystem are more likely to achieve outstanding overall performance. Based on the empirical results, some policy recommendations are proposed.