bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Heat Transfer in Granular Materials by DEM
Authors: Wu Jin Tao , Dai Yu Qiang , Wang Ze Wu , Liu Feng Xia
Published: May 2011

The heat transfer in granular materials can be found in many industry processes. But the phenomenon is not well understood. A particle contact heat transfer model (PCHM) was developed by taking each independent mechanism into account. The model combined with DEM was used to simulate heat transfer between particles and inserted heating surface. Comparing with each mechanism, the heat conduction through contact area has the most contribute to apparent effective quantity of heat transfer. The key factors effecting on Qeff include: the number of particles contacting with heating surface, the contact time, and the contact area. When the average diameter is same, the diameter distribution has little effects on heat transfer. While the average diameter is different, the effective heat transfer coefficient decreases with the increasing of particle diameter. The quantity of heat transfer is spatially non-uniform.
Experimental Study on Bit Tooth Made of Nano-Cemented Carbide Composites in Air Hammer Drilling
Authors: Huang Zhi Qiang , Li Qin , Li Wei , Zhou Yi , Peng Shi Jin , Qiu Cheng Song
Published: May 2011

It is fracture, wear and abscission of bit tooth that make up of the main failure forms for the air hammer bit, which have badly restricted the further popularization and application of the air hammer drilling. The main reason is that the ordinary cemented carbide tooth is difficult to meet the complex conditions of the air the hammer drilling. Therefore, this research puts forward a new thought that we strengthen the carbide tooth by adding the nano-Al2O3into the substrate materials of WC-Co. According to the study of several formulas of nano-composites, the test of sample performance, experimental study of impact abrasive wear and microstructure, we draw some conclusions that adding amount of nano-Al2O3can refine grain, make microstructure more uniform and improve the wear resistance of composites, but also can enhance the strength of boundaries of WC-Co and transform the fracture form from the intergranular fracture to the transgranular fracture. Meanwhile, it can also improve nano-composites comprehensive performance by adding rare earth. The result for site test of bit shows that comparing with the bit equipped the original carbide teeth, the efficiency of rock breaking of the bit equipped nano-composites teeth increase by 20% and the service life increase by 80%.
Astaxanthin Production by Phaffia Rhodozyma Fermentation of Pineapple Peel Substrate
Authors: Yang Jin Song , Yang Rui , Tan Hai Sheng , Zhai Hai Rui , Sun Xiao Huan
Published: May 2011

Pineapple peel as main material was fermented with Phaffia rhodozyma to produce astaxanthin. Using the Box-Behnken design, the effects of sugar content, initial pH and nitrogen content were studied with the yield of astaxanthin as response value, which was evaluated to optimize the fermentation conditions of astaxanthin production. The optimal fermentation conditions have been reached by the study: sugar content was 36.3 g/L, the initial pH was at 5.85 and nitrogen content was 8 g/L. By validation test, the astaxanthin yield under the optimal condition, which was basically corresponded to the model prediction, was 97.11 %.
Separation of Azeotropic Systems by Distillation-Crystallization Coupling Process
Authors: Yu San San , Zhao Zhou , Li Shuang Ming , Li Wen Xiu
Published: May 2011

Distillation-crystallization coupling process is a new kind of separation technology based on vapor-liquid equilibrium and solid-liquid equilibrium. The separation of azeotropic systems composed with Acetic acid and N-neptane by distillation-crystallization process (DCC) was studied in this paper. We apply the orthogonal experiment to search for the optimal technique process. The final results demonstrate that the DCC process can purify the heavy and light components over 90 wt% respectively, verifying the advantage of the DCC for the azeotropic systems separation.
Study on Catalyst of Catalytic Wet Oxidation of High-concentration Industrial Organic Wastewater
Authors: Peng Qing Lin , Zeng Jing
Published: May 2011

A kind of compound catalyst containing the main activate component CuO, the second activate component ZrO2 and electronic promoter La2O3 was prepared. It was applicable to treat with high-concentration dimethyl acetylsuccinate (DMAS) production wastewater with catalytic wet air oxidation technology which was used in continuous bubble columns reactor. In this article the influences of concentration of soaked liquid of every component and the second activate component were studied, and the best preparation condition has been determined. The experimental results indicated that the catalyst of CuO-ZrO2-La2O3/ZSM-5 had a higher activity when handling high-concentration DMAS production wastewater. With this catalyst the CODcr removal rate could get 98.7% while non-catalyst only 35.8％ at the reaction conditions as follows: reaction temperature 240°C, reaction pressure 3.5MPa, liquor space velocity＝2.0 h-1, V (oxygen): V（wastewater）＝250:1 and influent wastewater pH=7.
Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol by TiO2 Nanoparticle Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Takriff Mohd S. , Ba-Abbad Muneer M. , Kadhum Abdul Amir H. , Mohamad Abu Bakar , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: May 2011

The solar photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dicholrophenol in aqueous solution was carried out direct solar radiation without any collector. A slurry reactor with TiO2 nanoparticles catalyst was used. The catalyst sample was prepared by sol-gel method from titanium tetra-isopropoxide as raw material and calcinated at 400°C. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of initial concentration (50 mgl-1) 2,4-dicholrophenol under solar irradiation. The average solar intensity of ultra violet (UV) was recorded as 23 Wm-2. HPLC was used for monitoring the concentration of 2,4-dicholrophenol in solution at different time intervals during the experiment. The degradation efficiency of 2,4-dicholrophenol removal was 93.8% at pH solution of 6, irradiated for 1 h and using optimum amount of catalyst 2gl-1 .
Optimization Conditions Research of Dual-Alkali FGD Process in a Wet Scrubber
Authors: Mbango Mbida K.G. , Song Cun Yi , Chang Guan Qin , Zhang Li Dong , Guo Kun
Published: May 2011

Based on the microscope phase-field model，the evolution of atom morphology, the long range order(lro) parameter and concentration can be gotten, and atomic clustering and ordering during the precipitation process of Ni-Cr-Al alloy could be obtained. The Ni-14at.%Cr-15.5at.%Al alloy is studied and the temperature of precipitation are 973K. It was showed that the ordering of both Al and Cr atoms take place simultaneously during the precipitation process of Ni-Al-Cr alloy, Cr atoms transfer to the boundaries of L12 phases, the domain of rich Cr atoms are formed. At the boundaries of L12 phases, Cr atoms may substitute the Al sublattice, and the D022 phases are formed.
Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Starch with High Degree of Substitution by a Modified Dry Process
Authors: Li Si Fang , Mujyambere Jean Marie Vianney , Liu Miao
Published: May 2011

Granular carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with high degree of substitution (DS) was synthesized using a modified dry process. The carboxymethylation reaction was carried out with granular potato starch, solid NaOH and sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA). The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of NaOH and SMCA to starch on the degree of substitution (DS) and the reaction efficiency (RE) of CMS were investigated. High DS up to 0.78 was obtained for reaction at 323 K for 6 h with molar ratio of NaOH and SMCA to starch being 2:2:1. CMS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy.
Synthesis and Photoproperties of Fluorescent Brighteners Modified by Polyaminamide
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Guang Hua
Published: May 2011

One of amino compounds of traditional fluorescent brighteners with polyaminamide was replaced and new triazinyl aminostilbene fluorescent brightener was modified by polyaminamide which synthesized through three-step condensation reaction. The molecular structures were characterized by IR spectrum and photoproperties in aqueous and ethanol were studied by ultraviolet absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, photochemical stability and paper coating application test. The results show that the light stability and fluorescence quantum yield of polyaminamide fluorescent brighteners (PFBs) were improved obviously, which compared with the traditional FBs, such as VBL, and the whitening performance of paper coating enhanced and used widely. Meanwhile, the photophysics and photochemical properties of triazene-stilbene fluorescence brighteners are markedly determined by solvent polarity.
Effective Aerobic Oxidation of p-Nitrotoluene to p-nitrobenzoic acid Catalyzed by Manganese Dioxide and N-Hydroxyphthalimide
Authors: Wang Wei , Yan Bo , Jiang Jun , Yang Guan Yu
Published: May 2011

p-Nitrobenzoic acid could be efficiently prepared from aerobic oxidation ofp-nitrotoluene using manganese dioxide (MnO2) andN-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as catalysts. The conditions of oxidation were also optimaized: 97 % conversion ofp-nitrotoluene and 89 % isolated yield ofp-nitrobenzoic acid could be obtained at 110 °C under 0.4 MPa for 4 h in presence of 10 mol% NHPI and 10 mol% MnO2.
Experimental Study on Pressure Effect during the Generation and Growth of Sulfuric Acid Aerosol
Authors: Li Zhe Qi , Sun Lin , Liu Jing Yu
Published: May 2011

Formation of sulfuric acid aerosol form a binary mixture of sulfuric acid and water is one of the most important process of secondary particles formation in troposphere, which can seriously affect the atmospheric radiation balance and climate change directly or indirectly, therefore, in this research, secondary aerosol generation by photo oxidation by UV of SO2 containing model air in a flow reactor was investigated experimentally, and the particle size distribution was measured by differential mobility analyzer and Faraday cup electrometer (DMA-FCE) system. Experiments were carried out at various ambient pressure and residence time, and the temperature of reactor was kept at 25, the experiment aims to find out the impact of pressure on this system. The results showed that in low pressure, the growth of aerosol particles was enhanced due to the increase of Brownian coagulation coefficient.
The Diatomite Modified by PAM and Applied to Adsorb Pb(II) in the Simulated Wastewater
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Ping , Luo Wen Lian , Zhu Jian , Zhang Ye
Published: May 2011

A study of the modified diatomite prepared by the PAM coated on the surface of the raw diatomite and applied to treat the simulated wastewater with intensive concentration of lead ions [Pb(Ⅱ)]. Pb(Ⅱ) has been considered as one of some significantly toxic heavymetals (Cd,Cr,Pb, Mn,Cu,Zn,et al) contaminated the surfacewaters. The results indicated that modification could enhance the diatomite and acidic heavymetal wastewater’s compatibility; Obtained that modified diatomite’s saturated adsorption capacity could reach 66.15~ 68.95mg/g, superior to raw one; At the same time, the comparation of four common adsorbents and modified diatomite’s adsorption capacity under some given conditions showed: modified diatomite > zeolite > vermiculite > raw diatomite > red soil; Observed by SEM, PAM molecule arrayed on the diatomite’s surface smoothly that improved its interior structure and the charge on the surface, even enhanced the sedimentation performance of the diatomite in heavymetal wastewater.
Effect of Electroless Plating Conditions on Toluene Catalytic Combustion Performance of Palladium-Based Catalyst
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Li Yu , Mai Rong Jian , Yu Qian , Yu Lin
Published: May 2011

Catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a high efficient and low-polluted technique. In this paper, the palladium-based combustion catalysts on cordierite honeycomb ceramics (CHC) substrate without interlayer film — Pd/CHC, were prepared by electroless plating method, and the effect of preparing conditions for the catalysts on the catalytic performance of toluene combustion was mainly studied. The optimal conditions were confirmed as follows: plating bath temperature is 60°C, plating time is 30min, palladium salt concentrationis 0.2g/L, and calcination temperature after plating is 500°C. Finally, the stability test further indicated that the Pd/CHC catalyst prepared by the optimal electroless plating conditions has good catalytic stability.
Adsorption of Chloride Anion from Aqueous Solution by Calcined (Mg-Al) Hydrotalcites of Different Mg/Al Ratio
Authors: Wan Dong Jin , Qu Dan , Xiao Hua , Liu Yong De , Lu Ting , Xu Wen Qing
Published: May 2011

Hydrotalcites (HT-X) of different Mg/Al ratio (X is Mg/Al molar ratio, 3 and 4) was synthesized by co-precipitation method. Calcined HTLCs (CHT-X) at 500°C have been shown to recover their original layered structure by taking up chloride ion from aqueous solution. Adsorption of chloride by CHT-X was investigated in batch mode. The kinetics study showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model could be used to describe the adsorption process satisfactorily. The equilibrium isotherm showed that the Langmuir model gave a better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of CHT-3 was 83.33 mg/g; CHT-4 was 90.09 mg/g .The samples of different Mg/Al ratio have different crystallite size, thus showing different adsorption capacity. As the Mg/Al ratio increases from 3 to 4; the electric charge density between the layers becomes weaker; the interlayer spacing increases; the sample shows greater adsorption capacity. The HT-X where characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Starch Based Solid Phase Extraction Combined with Direct Slurry Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Determination of Trace Lead in Water Samples
Authors: Gao Meng Wei , Shen Min , Lou Hua Kun , Chen Hao , Li Sheng Qing , Xue Ai Fang
Published: May 2011

A new method of solid phase extraction (SPE), using crosslinked carboxymethyl starch as adsorbent, combined with direct slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (ss-GFAAS) has been developed for the high sensitive determination of lead in water samples. The SPE adsorbent loaded with the analyte was made in to slurry with the assistance of Triton X-100. The slurry was directly injected into the graphite furnace for the determination of lead. Variables such as the pH, sample volume, and amount of Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Starch (CCMS) were investigated. The detection limit (3σ) was 0.082 μg L-1 and the RSD was 4.9% (n = 11, c = 1.0 mg L-1) for Pb(II). The enrichment factor was 100 at a sample volume of 100 mL. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of lead in environmental water reference materials and two water samples with satisfied results.
Evaporation Control of Fuel Oil Based on Surface-Fluorinated Polymer Hollow Spheres
Authors: Yang Hong Wei , Fei Yi Wei , Wei Xian Yong , Hu Jian Qiang , Wu Chao
Published: May 2011

The evaporation loss is one of the long-term serious problems to the storage and transit of the fuel oil, as well as the environment protection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an economic, low investment, simple and convenient maintenance technology to reduce the evaporation loss, which can be applied to different kinds of condition. To perform this task the surface-fluorinated polymer hollow spheres are designed as the surface-covering layer of the fuel oil to restrict evaporation. A comparison of fuel oil evaporation loss from both surface-fluorinated polymer hollow sphere surface and free fuel oil surface has been done. Experiments show that this technique can reduce about 62.2% of the rate of evaporation loss from fuel oil. It is considered has a wide application perspective, as well as in the efficient use of water in agriculture, industry and drought areas.
Effect of UV Intensity and Wavelengh on Photocatalytic Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhang Li Hong , Xu Cheng Bin , Chen Zhong Lin , Li Xue Mei
Published: May 2011

The photocatalytic degradation of pyrene (PYRE) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on soil surfaces in the presence of Fe2O3 using ultraviolet (UV) light source was investigated in a photo chamber, in which the temperature was maintained 30 . The effects of UV irradiation intensity and UV wavelength on the degradation performance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. The results show that with the intensity of UV irradiation being enhanced, the photocatalytic degradation rates of PAHs were increased. Photocatalytic degradation rates of PYRE and BaP on soil surfaces with 5% Fe2O3 were different at UV irradiation wavelengths of 254, 310 and 365 nm, respectively.
Density Functional Theory Calculations of Arsenic(V) Structures on Perfect TiO2 Anatase (1 0 1) Surface
Authors: Wei Zhi Gang , Zou Yan Di , Zeng Hai Xia , Zhong Xue Chun , Cheng Zhen Jun , Xie Shu Guang
Published: May 2011

There are many areas in the world where the ground water has been contaminated by arsenic. One process to purify the water is to use TiO2 to adsorb the arsenic. As the TiO2 surface can be cleaned and reused, it has a promising potential as a water purifier. In this paper, the plane-wave function method, based on the density functional theory, has been used to calculate the structures of arsenic(III) on a perfect TiO2 anatase (1 0 1) surface. All the arsenic(III) solution species such as H3AsO3, H2AsO3-1, HAsO3-2 and AsO3-3 are put onto the surface with many different possible structures to obtain the adsorption energy. Based on the adsorption energy, the bidentate binuclear (BB) adsorption configurations of arsenic(III) on the surface are more favorable at low concentrations, whereas BB form and monodentate mononuclear (MM) form may coexist at higher concentrations. The models and results fit well with published experimental results. The results and conclusions will be of benefit to further research on arsenite adsorption and its photocatalytic oxidation on a TiO2 surface.
Glycolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate Catalyzed by Solid Superacid
Authors: Zhu Min Li , Liu Yan Qing , Yan Rui Yi , Wang Hui , Li Zeng Xi , Lu Xing Mei
Published: May 2011

Solid superacid sulfated titania (SO42-/TiO2) was prepared by impregnation of titanium hydroxide with an aqueous solution of (NH4)2SO4, and then calcined at different temperatures. The structural properties of these samples were investigated using XRD, BET, and DSC. Surface acidity of the catalysts were tested by FT-IR, XPS, and NH3-TPD. The SO42-/TiO2calcined at 340 °C showed the strongest acid strength. The catalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated in the depolymerization of polythene terephthalate (PET) with ethylene glycol (EG) by varying different parameters. Experimental results were correlated to the textural properties and surface acidity. The catalyst SO42-/TiO2calcined at 340 °C exhibited maximum catalytic activity, with the conversion of PET as high as 72.9%, which may be due to the amorphous phase and the strongest acid strength. When the reaction temperature was at 194 °C, the conversion of PET was 100%, and the yield of the bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET) monomer was 61.7%.
Preparation of a New Inorganic-Organic Composite Dual-Coagulant and Application of Oily Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ma Song Jiang , Fu Mei Ling , Li Fang Wen , Wu Nian Fen , Yang Juan , Jia Hai Wu , Wang Bing , Cheng Rui
Published: May 2011

A new inorganic-organic composite dual-coagulant (PAFC-CPAM) was prepared by polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and its treatment efficiency for oily wastewater was evaluated by coagulation jar tests. PAFC-CPAM dual-coagulants were characterized by FT-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectra illustrated that there were some chemical reactions between PAFC and CPAM in PAFC-CPAM. SEM micrographs testified that PAFC-CPAM formed compact net structure which is different from PAFC and CPAM, resulting to its outstanding coagulation performance other than monomeric coagulant in treating oily wastewater. Coagulation jar tests presented that PAFC-CPAM improved 1.14% and 0.38% of oil removal rate and reduced 0.35NTU and 0.06NTU of residual turbidity than PAFC and CPAM respectively at the optimal dosage of 120mg/L. PAFC-CPAM enhanced 4.56% and 2.12% of oil removal efficiency and decreased 0.27NTU and 0.01NTU of residual turbidity on average in comparison with PAFC and CPAM respectively in the pH range of 4.0-8.0. All of above-mentioned experiment results demonstrated that PAFC-CPAM behaved superior coagulation performance than PAFC and CPAM.
Leaching Kinetics of MnO2 from Electrolytic Manganese Anode Slimes in the Presence of SO2
Authors: Li Ying Fen , Ye Hua , Cao Can , He Li Na
Published: May 2011

Thepaper describes the kinetics of MnO2from electrolytic manganese (EM) anode slimesleached by SO2.The effects of stirring speed,SO2concentration,temperature, and partical size on the leaching rate of manganese are discussed. Experimental results indicated that the leaching of MnO2by SO2is 0.86 order with respect to SO2concentration. The apparent activation energy values for re-action is 25.7KJ/mol,which is consist with the values of activation energy for diffusion control. The kinetic equation can be expressed as: 1-(2/3)x-(1-x)^2/3=(k1/ρr){[SO2]0.86exp(-25700/RT)}t. Meanw-hile, comparative experiments were operated, using analytical class MnO2and pyrolusite, the differ-ence among the three MnO2simples reaction with SO2was identified.
Removal of Chromium (VI) in Tannery Wastewater by Immobilized Technology
Authors: Zhao Chang Qing , Chen Wu Yong , Teng Bo
Published: May 2011

Bacillus cereus was embedded in powdered activated carbon to prepare immobilized granule. Then, the granules was used to treat the Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater. The results showed the removal effect of Cr(VI) removed by the immobilized Bacillus cereus was better than either the single powdered activated carbon or the single Bacillus cereus. SEM photograph showed that the Bacillus cereus in the granules grew well. After the total chromium and the Cr(VI) in the solution and the granules were detected before and after treatment, it was found that the Cr(VI) in the solution and the granules was decreased, but the total chromium was changeless, which indicated that the removal of Cr(VI) with the granules was mainly as the results of both the chromate reductase produced by Bacillus cereus and the adsorption of activated carbon. The kinetics data of Cr(VI) removed by immobilized Bacillus cereus could be well-described by pseudo-second-order rate model. The experiments demonstrated that the immobilized Bacillus cereus could be selected as a new biomaterial to remove Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater.
Adsorption and Desorption of Tetracycline on Activated Carbons
Authors: Chen Jian , Fei Zheng Hao , Tao Wei Hua , Zhang Gen Cheng
Published: May 2011

The adsorption and desorption of tetracycline were investigated by static experiments, and two kinds of activated carbons were employed as adsorbents. And related properties of the adsorbate and adsorbents were studied to support the adsorption mechanism exploration. The results suggested that fairly strong H-bonding exists between the functional groups of activated carbons and tetracycline.
Kinetic Study on the Biodegradation of Nonylphenol by Rhodotorula sp.
Authors: Wu Fang Fang , Qiu Ling Feng
Published: May 2011

In this work, the biodegradation of nonylphenol by Rhodotorula sp. in batch culture was investigated over a wide concentration range (11~160 mg/l). Experimentally nonylphenol was an inhibitory type substrate to Rhodotorula sp.. Five kinetic models (Haldane, Webb, Yano, Aiba, and Teissier) were fit for the experimental growth kinetic data. It was found that the Haldane model was the most suitable one to predict the degradation of nonylphenol. The kinetic analysis demonstrated that bacterial growth and nonylphenol degradation of Rhodotorula sp. were based on a substrate concentration inhibition model. Analysis of growth factors indicated the highest specific growth rate (μ) of 0.127 h-1 was obtained at the initial nonylphenol concentration of 12.76 mg/l.
The Study on Effects of Membrane Separation on Compression/Condensation/Membrane Process for Propylene Recovery
Authors: Liu Hong Jing , Zhang Ying , Yao Hui , Li Feng Hua , Zhao Wei
Published: May 2011

Membrane property decay has great effects on propylene yields when compression/condensation/membrane process is applied to recover propylene monomer. There are four types of membrane property decays. The first case is that selectivity keeping constant but membrane flux decreasing, the second case is that selectivity reducing but membrane flux unchanged, the third case is that selectivity reducing but membrane flux increasing, and the last case is that both of them all decreasing. One purpose of this paper is to judge which kind of decay leads to the separation deterioration according to the change of some parameters in the process by simulation. In order to meet target requirement, two operation parameters, membrane pressure and condensation temperature, are regulated. Results indicate that propylene yields decrease when any type of membrane property decay emerges, and the type of membrane property decay can be distinguished by the change trend of propylene yields, the variation of recycle permeate gas flow as well as propylene concentrations in permeate gas. What’s more, membrane pressure is a prior operation parameter to be regulated so as to counteract the effect of membrane property decay to some extent.
Effects of Reverse Micelles-Complexation-Supercritical CO2 Extraction Conditions on Removal of Pb, Hg and as Ions in Lotus Leaf
Authors: Ji Jun , Ding Yao , Yang Chang Yan , Huang Hai Tao , Ding Yi Gang
Published: May 2011

Removal rates of Pb, Hg and As ions in lotus leaf extracts obtained by Micelles- complexation-supercritical CO2 extraction through an orthogonal experiment(L16(45)) were investigated to get the best extraction conditions. The results of orthogonal experiments indicated that the removal rate of Pb, Hg and As ions trace heavy metal ions is high by complexaction and reverse micelles in supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2), and the removal rate of Pb, Hg, As from lotus leaf is 87.85%, 89.19% and 84.72% respectively with the loss rate of total flavonoids is 8.73% under the potential optimum conditions which are 50°C, 20 MPa, 1.5 h, the concentration of Triton X-100 of 0.15 mol.L-1, the mass of complexing agent is 0.1 g.
A Combined Electrocoagulation-Electrooxidation Treatment on CTMP Wastewater
Authors: Hu Zhi Jun , Li You Ming
Published: May 2011

A synergistic combination of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation was introduced for the treatment of CTMP wastewater in which most of the colloids and charged species had been removed by electrocoagulatio, then small organics could be mineralized by electrooxidation effectively.The mainly influencing factors for electrocoagulation such as electrolyte, sodium chloride dosage, voltage intensity, current intensity and reaction time were assessed. The optimum conditions were obtained, and the results showed that sodium chloride dosage of 1g/L, voltage intensity of 7.5V, current intensity of 0.6A, 60 min reaction time, its color removal rate was above 90% and CODCr removal rate was about 40%. After electrocoagulation the electrooxidation could further reduce CODCr above 80%.
Kinetics of Glycolysis of Poly (ethylene Terephthalate) by Shrinking-Core Model
Authors: Chen Fei Fei , Wang Guang Hui , Li Wei , Yang Feng
Published: May 2011

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) wastes were depolymerised using excess ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of zinc acetate as transesterificaion catalyst. Influences of particle size, reaction temperature, weight ratio of ethylene glycol (EG) to PET and weight ratio of catalyst to PET on the yield of bis(hydroxyethyl terephthalate)(BHET) were investigated. The kinetics of glycolysis of PET in EG could be interpreted by the shrinking-core model of chemical reaction control, the activation energy of the glycolysis was 133 KJ/mol. The glycolysis product was analyzed and identified by FTIR and Element analysis.
Precipitated Silica Prepared by Polysilicon by-Product Silicon Tetrachloride
Authors: Tan Ying , Wu Ming Ming , Hou Qing Lin , Wang Ji Qing
Published: May 2011

Precipitated silica was prepared by the hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in a dilute solution of soluble glass. In order to identify the optimal synthesis conditions of preparing silica powder with the good dispersivity and uniformity, technical parameters such as volumes of polyethylene glycol(PEG) and anhydrous ethanol, reaction temperature, final solution pH and the concentration of soluble glass were investigated. Products were characterized by scan electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), infrared spectroscopy(IR), x-ray diffraction(XRD) and laser nano-particle size analyzer. Under the optimal formation condition, amorphous silica particles with average diameters of 284nm and irregular-shaped morphology were obtained.
A Convenient Method for the Chlorination of P-Methoxybenzyl 2-(3-Phenylacetamido-4-Benzenesulfonylthio-2-Azetidinone-1-Yl)-3-Methyl-3-Butenate
Authors: Xing Jun De , Wei Wen Long , Chang Hong Hong , Li Xing
Published: May 2011

A convenient method for the chlorination of p-methoxybenzyl 2-(3- phenylacetamido-4- benzenesulfonylthio-2-azetidinone-1-yl)-3-methyl-3-butenate from penicillin G with sulfuryl chloride ( SO2Cl2) , which is subsequently converted to p-methoxybenzyl 2-(3- phenylacetamido-4- benzenesulfonylthio-2-azetidinone-1-yl)-3-chloromethyl-3-butenate, versatile intermediates for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics was developed. The method has the advantage of cheap reagents, mild reaction conditions and convenient operation. The quantity and the feeding rate of the chlorination reagent can be controlled easily. The method is particularly suitable for the chlorination in an industral process.
Seawater Flue Gas Desulfurization and Post-Desulfurization Seawater Recovery
Authors: Zhang Yu , Gao Yu Hang , Wang Guo Dong , Li Cheng Yu , Zhou Ji Ti
Published: May 2011

Huge storage tanks of Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) are often regarded as major hazard installation because VCM is such a kind of flammable, explosive and toxic gas that leakage of liquid VCM would induce fire, explosion and toxic accidents. In this paper, index system of the safety of VCM storage tanks was established by analyzing four main factors including 18 indexes, based on accidents statistic and technology experience. Taking VCM storage tank in a petrochemical plant as a case, AHP-Fuzzy method was applied to achieve single VCM storage tank safety classification. The study could help companies develop preventive measures and emergency planning to reduce casualties and property losses.
Study on Removal Efficiency and Fluorescence Characteristics of Humus in Landfill Leachate Treated by Combined Process
Authors: Liu Zhi Ping , Guo Jin Song , Fang Fang
Published: May 2011

The removal efficiency and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3DEEM) fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of landfill leachate humus (HA and FA) in the Fenton-SBR process was studied. It was concluded that the combined Fenton-SBR process was available for effective removal of leachate humus, and the removal rates for HA and FA was 87.3% and 88.2%, respectively. The major fluorescence peaks observed in the leachate combined process was protein-like fluorescence peak a (Ex/Em=280nm/345nm), humic-like fluorescence peak b (Ex/Em=295/400nm), short excitation wavelength tryptophan-like fluorescence peak c (Ex/Em= 230nm/340nm) and ultraviolet band fulvic acid-like fluorescence peak d (Ex/Em=235nm/400nm). Types of fluorescence peak of HA and FA reduced and the intensities decreased after combined process treatment. The capability for removal of different components of humus was determined by the process units adopted.
The Experimental Research on Using Honey to Inhibit Corrosion
Authors: Wei Ai Jun , Jiang Hua Yi , Zhang Xin , Zhao Guang Qiang
Published: May 2011

Add different concentrations of honey into the simulated brine, then study the corrosion of Q235 steel and the corrosion inhibition effect of honey in different concentrations and temperatures with the method of losing weight. Results show that honey is a good inhibitor.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Sizing Agents on the Carbon Fibers
Authors: Zhang Hong Bo , Su Chun Hui , Zhu Xiao Wei
Published: May 2011

The recent development of carbon fiber sizing agent was introduced in this article. The sizing agent used in carbon fiber was synthesized at a temperature range of 55-60°C using epoxy resin and vinyl acetate as a monomer together, octyl phenol ethoxylated(OP-10) as the emulsion agent, ammonium peroxydisulfate as the solicitation agent and water as the dispersant. At the same time, the optimum composition, the optimum process condition and the effects affecting the emulsion stability were discussed. The characterizations were measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy and TG. The results show that the synthesis process is simple, low cost, less polution and remarkbably stable. The diameter of the particle is 1.8μm and the decomposition temperature is 260°C.
Copper Accumulation and Tolerance of Chlorophytum comosum
Authors: Wang You Bao , Wang Nan Nan , Hu Shan
Published: May 2011

In this study, Copper (Cu) tolerance inChlorophytum comosumwas tested by pot-planting. The results showed that the tolerance index (TI) ofC. comosumwas above 100 in soil Cu concentration of 50mg·kg-1. With the increase of Cu concentration in soil, the MDA content increased, but had no significant differences with the control until 500mg·kg-1. The value of chlorophyll a/b had no significant differences with the control in all treatments. Meanwhile, the bioaccumulation coefficient (BC) and translocation factor (TF) value ofC. comosumwere 1.287 and 0.687 respectively in Cu concentration of soil up to 500mg·kg-1. For the advantages of high tolerance, high accumulation and high ornamental value,C. comosummay be a potential Cu-accumulator and have tremendous application value in the treatment of Cu-contaminated soils.
Detection of Trace Formaldehyde Gas Based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor in Living Environment
Authors: Hu Jing Ling , Zhou Ting , Zhang Yun Fei , Wang Zhe , Luo Dong Mei , Cao Zhong
Published: May 2011

Using four types of calixarene derivatives (RCT, PCT, MRCT, TBCA) as coating materials, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors have been examined for detection of toxic formaldehyde gas indoors. The results showed that PCT was the most efficient adsorption coating material for host-guest recognition of formaldehyde molecule, when the coating mass was 43.93 μg. The PCT based QCM sensor possessed a linear response range of 109 ~ 2721 ppm formaldehyde gas. In comparison with gas chromatography method, the QCM sensor had a recovery of 97.98~104.59 % with a good reversibility, stability and reproducibility, showing that the PCT based QCM sensor can be well used for the determination of trace formaldehyde in the living environment.
Study on Fly Ash Adhesion Characteristics and Deposition Mechanism in Shell Coal Gasification Process
Authors: Li Han Xu , Ma Fei , Sheng Xin , Ji Ming Jun
Published: May 2011

This paper describes the characteristics and mechanism of fly ash deposited in Shell coal gasification process. The chemical composition, particle size distribution, surface topography and elemental composition of fly ash samples derived from coal A and coal B are studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, JX-2000 microscopic image analyzer and computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) respectively. The results show that the differences in ash deposition characteristics result from the differences in surface properties and element composition of fly ash particles generated from different coal feed. The fly ash formation and deposition mechanism are discussed based on physicochemical changes in gasification, particle size distribution and surface composition enriched in Ca, Fe in fly ash particles. The results can serve as reference data for a variety of deposition studies.
Dechromization Kinetics of Limonitic Laterite Ores by Alkali-Roasting Method Using Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Guo Qiang , Qu Jing Kui , Han Bing Bing , Wei Guang Ye , Qi Tao
Published: May 2011

A novel process was proposed for the activation pretreatment of Cr-containing limonitic laterite ores by NaOH roasting. The dechromization kinetics of the laterite ores and the effect of particle size, NaOH-ore ratio, and roasting temperature on Cr extraction were studied in detail. Experimental results indicate that decreasing the particle size and increasing the NaOH-ore ratio and roasting temperature increase the Cr extraction rate. Approximately 96% Cr in the laterite ores could be extracted under the optimal alkali-roasting conditions. The results also indicate that the Avrami model is suitable for the dechromization process and that the apparent activation energy is calculated 11.12 kJ·mol-1. The 99.5% Cr2O3 was obtained from Na2CrO4 leached in the alkali solution by liquid-phase reduction and then calcining at high temperature.
Effects of B2O3 on Properties of Low Fluoride Content Mould Flux for Thin Slab Continuous Casting
Authors: Lu Yan Qing , Zhang Guo Dong , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: May 2011

In order to reduce fluorine pollution, partial fluoride could be replaced by B2O3 in mould flux. The effects of B2O3 on properties of low fluoride content mould flux for thin slab continuous casting were studied. The properties included melting temperature, viscous characteristics, fluidity, surface tension and Al2O3 inclusion adsorption. The results showed that with the increase of B2O3 content, melting temperature, viscosity, viscous activation energy and surface tension of mould flux decreased obviously, fluidity increased, and Al2O3 inclusion adsorption of mould flux changed little. The B2O3 could play effective role when its content was less than 6%. The results would play a guiding role in designing of low fluoride content mould flux for thin slab continuous casting.
A Comparison of Two Analytical Methods for Measuring Nitrate in Five Types of Soils in China
Authors: Gao Xiao Fei , Yang Yang , Han Jia Qiang , Yang Hong Yan
Published: May 2011

Nitrate is one of the major nitrogen forms absorbed by plants. Dual-wavelength Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry (DUS) is a simple, rapid and environmental method to measure soil nitrate. In this study, DUS as well as Phenol Disulfonic Acid Procedure (PDAP) were adopted to analyze nitrate in five types of soils in China. It was showed that the concentrations of soil nitrate determined by DUS were higher than those by PDAP. Meanwhile, these two series of measurements were significantly correlated. Therefore, the DUS is worthy in rapid detection of soil nitrate.
Insecticidal and Repellent Activities of Essential Oil from Leaves of Eucalyptus grandis Against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus
Authors: Tian Yu Hong , Zhou Xian Chuang , Zhou Xiao Liu , Huang Qiong
Published: May 2011

The insecticidal and repellent activities of essential oil from leaves ofEucalyptus grandisagainstCulex pipiens quinquefasciatuswere investigated. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The principal constituents in the essential oil werep-cymene (26.794%),α-pinene (15.864%), eucalyptol (6.281%),α-terpineol (4.100%), limonene (3.614%) and borneol (2.519%). The results indicated that the essential oil ofEucalyptus grandisleaves hold insecticidal and repellent activities againstCulex pipiens quinquefasciatus. The complete protection time for people againstCulex pipiens quinquefasciatuswas correlative with its concentration. It could protect people for 7h when its concentration was 50%. Fumigating insecticidal activity was evaluated by airtight fumigation in conical flask. The LC50values of the essential oil for adults ofCulex pipiens quinquefasciatuswere 4.5%(0.5h), 3.6%(1h), 2.6%(2h), 2.1%(4h), 0.56%(8h) and 0.56%(24h). The LT50value of the essential oil was 19.1 min when its concentration was 6.4%.
Separation of Ni(II) from Nickel-Containing Wastewater in an Emulsion Liquid Membrane System with P507 as Carrier
Authors: Jiang Bo Quan , Zeng Jiang Nan , Liu Yu De , Zhang Wen Long
Published: May 2011

An effective emulsion liquid membrane system with P507 as carrier, Span-80 as surfactant and H2SO4 as internal aqueous phase was established to treat Ni(Ⅱ)-containing wastewater. The effects of volume fraction of Span-80 in the oil phase(φ(Span-80)), emulsifying stirring speed(ν1), separation stirring speed(ν2), volume fraction of P507(φ(P507)), volume ratio of oil phase to internal phase(Roi), milk phase to water phase(Rew) and concentration of H2SO4 in internal aqueous phase on Ni(Ⅱ) migrating rate have been investigated in the course of migrating of nickel ions in the system. The optimal operation conditions were determined to be: φ(Span-80)=8.5%,ν1 =3600 r·min-1,ν2 =320 r·min-1, φ(P507)=6.5%, Roi =1:1, Rew =2:5 and c（H2SO4）=1.6 mol·L-1 ,under which the migrating rate of nickel ions reached above 97%.
Study on Clarification Behavior of Fe2O3/Kerosene Sludge under Strong Coupling of Ultrasonic Stationary Field
Authors: Li Ying Long , Cao Fu Rong , Lu Dian Kun
Published: May 2011

Two cofrequency ultrasonic fields were coupled directly by ultrasonic stationary coupling system to clarify Fe2O3/kerosene sludge medium and achieve the separation of Fe2O3/kerosene. Experimental results show that when sound intensity is close to 80% of the cavitation threshold value, stable stationary field can be formed in the sludge medium after the superposition of primary wave and secondary wave in the ultrasonic field. The acoustic radiation force drives Fe2O3 phase to cluster toward the wave node, the Fe2O3 phase above wave amplitude position floats by overcoming the gravity, and the Fe2O3 phase below wave amplitude position subsides so that the suspension effect occurs in the kerosene phase and the clarification and separation of sludge is achieved. When sound intensity is less than 30% of the cavitation threshold value, the suspension effect of ultrasonic field on kerosene phase disappears. In this case, kerosene phase floats on the surface of sludge medium but the separation of Fe2O3/kerosene cannot be realized.
Experimental Research for High Concentration ESP Gas Flow Distribution
Authors: Liu Zhen Biao , Xu Li Zhong , Hou Guang Chao , Hu Hong Sheng
Published: May 2011

One new kind of gas distribution plate used for high concentration electrostatic precipitator (herein after briefing ESP) designed in this content in order to solve the problem that gas discharges can not reach the required standard existed in high concentration ESP. Research the influence that the structure type of gas distribution plate to gas flow distribution plate by compare and analysis the experimental object analogue and computer data analogue. Advantage the gas distribution plate design according to experiment and outstandingly improve the gas-purging performance of high concentration ESP and ensure the electric field section flows velocity evenly in industry application ESP.
Analysis of Penicillin Antibiotics in Cosmetics Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Wu Zhi Jiang , Peng Ying
Published: May 2011

In this study, the utral-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method with UV-PDA was utilized to develop a rapid, sensitive reliable method for analysis of 5 penicillin antibiotics in cosmetics productions which the presence of these penicillin in commercial cosmetics samples is prohibited. The samples was prepared by liquid-liquid extraction and then the analyses was carried out on UPLC-PDA. The chromatographic column used was Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 (100 mm ×2.1 mm,1.7μm) and the mobile phase is Acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PBS) Buffer solution pH 5.5. Chromatographic separation was obtained by gradient elution.
Adsorption of m-Trihydroxylbenzene and its Separation from 2,6-Dichlorophenol in Wastewater
Authors: Fei Zheng Hao , Liu Zhong Tang , Chen Jian , Shi Wei Zhong , Xing Rong , Zhang Gen Cheng
Published: May 2011

In this paper a new polymeric adsorbent ZH33 was prepared by chemical modification. The adsorption and desorption of this new adsorbent for m-trihydroxylbenzene were investigated by using static and dynamic scales. Comparing with commercial resin NDA-150, ZH33 could remove m-trihydroxyl- benzene more effectively from water, and better desorption performance was observed. Further study of mini-column experiment indicated that resin ZH33 could be well used in separation of m-trihydroxylbenzene from wastewater which contained 2,6-dichlorophenol simultaneously.
Role of Hydrogen for Quick Coal Liquefaction at High Temperature
Authors: Luo Hua Feng , Ling Kai Cheng , Zhang Wei Shuai
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the role of hydrogen for quick coal liquefaction at high temperament (QCLHT) was investigated by liquefaction of Yanzhou coal using a 17ml tubular resonance agitation miniature batch reactor. The result shows (1) that QCLHT of Yanzhou coal without catalyst using mixed solvents with different mole ratio of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene to naphthalene shows that hydrogen hardly participate the reaction and active hydrogen mainly comes from hydrogen donor solvents and hydrogen-rich belonged to coal itself (2) For QCLHT,. high-dispersed iron-based catalyst (and cocatalyst sulfur) not only promotes the activation of dissolved hydrogen but also accelerates the pyrolysis of coal, which results in the increase of liquefaction total conversion and light component. Introduction
Study on Mulberry Silk Degumming Process with Cold-Pad-Batch Using Tea Sapogenin
Authors: Xiang Wei , Quan Qiong Ying , Ding Jian , Li Ke Cheng
Published: May 2011

The cold-pad-batch technology is applied mainly in the pretreatment and dyeing of cellulosic fabrics and shows lots of advantages such as technique simplicity, low energy consumption and reduced sewage emission especially for productions of multi item and short run. The degumming process of mulberry silk fabrics with “cold-pad-batch” method using tea sapogenin was studied in this paper. The effects of a few factors such as concentration of tea sapogenin, NaOH and Na2S2O4 as well as time on the whiteness and weight loss of fabric obtained: NaOH 8g/L, tea sapogenin 6g/L, Na2S2O4 5g/L, Lamepon A 2g/L, JFC 1g/L, Na2SiO3 2g/L and batching time 18h. After degumming with “cold-pad-batch” process, the whiteness and weight loss of mulberry silk fabrics were 69.3 and 22.8%, respectively. The handle of fabric was soft. Compared with traditional soap soda boiling degumming process, the properties of mulberry silk fabrics degummed with “cold-pad-batch” method using tea sapogenin can meet the requirement of weight loss, whiteness, strength and show some benefits such as low energy consumption and water saving and low toxicity. The energy consumption will be 25% lower than that of soap soda boiling degumming process.
Integration of Multiple Side-Draw Distillation and Continuous Crystallization for Refining of High-Purity p- and o-Nitrochlorobenzene
Authors: Huang Qun Qun , Lin Jun , Gu Zheng Gui
Published: May 2011

Methods of separating mixed isomers of nitrochlorobenzene (NCB) were reviewed and analyzed in this paper, A new integrated technology including multiple side-draw distillation and continuous crystallization was raised for refining of high-purityp-nitrochlorobenzene(p-NCB) ando-nitrochlorobenzene(o-NCB) from the NCB mixture. Eventually, over 99% purity ofp-NCB ando-NCB can be obtained, and the comprehensive yield is higher than 90%. Compared with the traditional process, the new technology has obvious advantages due to its simple process, high separation efficiency, and low energy consumption.