bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Light Qualities on Essential Oil and Asarinin in Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag
Authors: Wang Zhiqing , Wang Guanghui , Quan Xingzhou , Zhang Min , Wang Yanhong , Cui Lili , Li Huiling , Zhang Ze , Hou Wei
Published: March 2024

Asarum heterotropoides Fr. var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) is a perennial herb native to China. Its essential oil components and asarinin are health-promoting compounds. However, cultivation under natural light can affect the growth and secondary metabolite yield of this sciophyte. Adjustment of light irradiance may be beneficial in this respect. Here, we applied six types of filtered solar irradiance by using filter films of red (I), yellow (II), blue (III), green (IV), purple (V) and 50% sunlight (VI). We measured net photosynthetic rate (APn), activity of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes, asarinin content, and essential oil content and composition. Light quality treatments V and VI resulted in increased APn, enzyme activities, asarinin content and essential oil content. Samples harvested in September 2020 had relatively higher contents and enzyme activities compared to those harvested in July 2020. Elemicin, 2,5-dimethoxytoluene and methyleugenol accumulated at higher levels in response to light quality V. Light qualities III and IV showed promising results for several compounds. Overall, we conclude that controlling the light conditions in growing environments promotes the amount of asarinin and essential oil by regulating photosynthesis and the activities of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes.
Future of Dutch NGS-Based Newborn Screening: Exploring the Technical Possibilities and Assessment of a Variant Classification Strategy
Authors: Kiewiet Gea , Westra Dineke , de Boer Eddy N. , van Berkel Emma , Hofste Tom G. J. , van Zweeden Martine , Derks Ronny C. , Leijsten Nico F. A. , Ruiterkamp-Versteeg Martina H. A. , Charbon Bart , Johansson Lennart , Bos-Kruizinga Janneke , Veenstra Inge J. , de Sain-van der Velden Monique G. M. , Voorhoeve Els , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca , van Spronsen Francjan , Sikkema-Raddatz Birgit , Nelen Marcel
Published: March 2024

In this study, we compare next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches (targeted panel (tNGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), and whole genome sequencing (WGS)) for application in newborn screening (NBS). DNA was extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) from 50 patients with genetically confirmed inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) and 50 control samples. One hundred IMD-related genes were analyzed. Two data-filtering strategies were applied: one to detect only (likely) pathogenic ((L)P) variants, and one to detect (L)P variants in combination with variants of unknown significance (VUS). The variants were filtered and interpreted, defining true/false positives (TP/FP) and true/false negatives (TN/FN). The variant filtering strategies were assessed in a background cohort (BC) of 4833 individuals. Reliable results were obtained within 5 days. TP results (47 patient samples) for tNGS, WES, and WGS results were 33, 31, and 30, respectively, using the (L)P filtering, and 40, 40, and 38, respectively, when including VUS. FN results were 11, 13, and 14, respectively, excluding VUS, and 4, 4, and 6, when including VUS. The remaining FN were mainly samples with a homozygous VUS. All controls were TN. Three BC individuals showed a homozygous (L)P variant, all related to a variable, mild phenotype. The use of NGS-based workflows in NBS seems promising, although more knowledge of data handling, automated variant interpretation, and costs is needed before implementation.
Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Activity of the Germanium Dioxide Complex Compound with 2-Amino-3-Hydroxybutanoic Acid
Authors: Kadomtseva Alena V. , Mochalov Georgy M. , Zasovskaya Maria A. , Ob’edkov Anatoly M.
Published: March 2024

Currently, a promising direction of study is the use of biologically active coordination compounds in the pharmacopoeia and the creation of effective bactericidal drugs, biomaterials, and enzyme modulators on that basis. The paper considers a coordination germanium compound with 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid. The prospects for the use of the compound in medicine are outlined. This work is aimed at solving the problems regarding the synthesis of biologically active compounds with a wide spectrum of actions. The structure and composition of the coordination compound have been established through calculation and experimental methods. The biocidal (bactericidal and fungicidal) activity of germanium-containing compounds against a number of bacteria and microscopic fungi has been studied. Using the quantum-chemical method with density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP/6–311++G(2d,2p)), the theoretical IR spectrum of the compound was calculated. The structure of the coordination compound and the structure of the intermediates at all stages of the synthesis process were established by calculation.
The Importance of Vaccination, Variants and Time Point of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy for Stillbirth and Preterm Birth Risk: An Analysis of the CRONOS Register Study
Authors: Iannaccone Antonella , Gellhaus Alexandra , Reisch Beatrix , Dzietko Mark , Schmidt Boerge , Mavarani Laven , Kraft Katrina , Andresen Kristin , Kimmig Rainer , Pecks Ulrich , Schleußner Ekkehard
Published: March 2024

Background: The risk of preterm birth (PTB) and stillbirth increases after a SARS-CoV-2 infection during gestation. We aimed to estimate the risk depending on gestational age at infection (early <28 + 0 and late ≥28 weeks of gestation, WoG), virus variants, severity of infection, and vaccination. Methods: PTB was divided into early PTB (<32 + 0) and late PTB (32 + 0–36 + 6 WoG). The prospective register COVID-19 Related Obstetrics and Neonatal Outcome Study (CRONOS) included 8032 pregnant women with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 3 April 2020 to 31 December 2022, in Germany and Austria. Results: Stillbirth and early preterm births rates were higher during the Alpha (1.56% and 3.13%) and Delta (1.56% and 3.44%) waves than during the Omicron wave (0.53% and 1.39%). Early SARS-CoV-2 infection increased the risk for stillbirth (aRR 5.76, 95% CI 3.07–10.83) and early PTB before 32 + 0 (aRR, 6.07, 95% CI 3.65–10.09). Hospital admission increased the risks further, especially in the case of ICU admission. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 significantly reduced the risk of stillbirth (aRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.83). Conclusions: This multicentric prospective study shows an increased risk of stillbirth and preterm birth after infection early in pregnancy and therefore the importance of obstetrical surveillance thereafter. Vaccination offers effective protection.
Radiological Outcomes of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods for the Treatment of Children with Various Etiologies of Early-Onset Scoliosis—A Multicenter Study
Authors: Grabala Pawel , Gupta Munish C. , Pereira Daniel E. , Latalski Michal , Danielewicz Anna , Glowka Pawel , Grabala Michal
Published: March 2024

Background: The management of spinal deformities diagnosed before the age of 10 is critical due to the child’s development, skeletal system, and growth mechanism. Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) are a surgical treatment option for the growing spine. The aim of this study was to analyze the radiological findings of patients treated with MCGRs for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) of various etiologies. We hypothesized that the MCGRs could provide acceptable long-term radiographic results, such as an increase in the T1–T12 and T1–S1 height and significant overall deformity correction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 161 EOS patients with a combined total of 302 MCGRs inserted at five institutions between 2016 and 2022 with a mean follow-up of at least two years. The Cobb angle of the major curve (MC), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), and T1–T12 and T1–S1 height measurements were assessed before, after, and during the follow-up. Results: Among the 90 female and 71 male patients, there were 51 neurological, 42 syndromic, 58 idiopathic, and ten congenital scoliosis etiologies. Of the patients, 73 were aged under six years old. The mean follow-up time was 32.8 months. The mean age at placement of the MCGRs was 7 years and that at the last follow-up after fusion surgery was 14.5 years. The mean MC before the initial surgery was 86.2°; following rod implantation, it was 46.9°, and at the last follow-up visit, it was 45.8°. The mean correction rate among the etiology subgroups was from 43% to 50% at follow-up. The mean TK was noted as 47.2° before MCGR implantation, 47.1° after MCGR placement, and 44.5° at the last follow-up visit. The mean T1–T12 height increased by 5.95 mm per year, with a mean T1–S1 height of 10.1 mm per year. Conclusions: MCGR treatment allowed for an average correction of the curvature by 50% during the period of lengthening, while controlling any deformity and growth of the spine, with a significant increase in the T1–T12 and T1–S1 values during the observation period. MCGR treatment in EOS carries a risk of complications. While congenital and syndromic EOS often have short and less flexible curves in those groups of patients, single rods can be as effective and safe. Definitive fusion results in the mean final coronal correction between the start of MCGR treatment and after undergoing PSF of approximately 70%. The mean T1–T12 spinal height increased by 75 mm, while the T1–S1 spinal height gained a mean of 97 mm.
Bedside Laparoscopy in the Critically Ill: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Palladino Alessandro , Vallicelli Carlo , Perrina Daniele , Convertini Girolamo , Coccolini Federico , Ansaloni Luca , Sartelli Massimo , Catena Fausto
Published: March 2024

Critically ill patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) can present with many abdominal conditions that need a prompt diagnosis and timely treatment because of their general frailty. Clinical evaluation and diagnostic tools like ultrasound or CT scans are not reliable or feasible in these patients. Bedside laparoscopy (BSL) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows surgeons to assess the abdominal cavity directly in the ICU, thus avoiding unnecessary exploratory laparotomy or incidents related to intra-hospital transfer. We conducted a review of the literature to summarize the state-of-the-art of BSL. The Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Scopus databases were utilized to identify all relevant publications. Indications, contraindications, technical aspects, and outcomes are discussed. The procedure is safe, feasible, and effective. When other diagnostic tools fail to diagnose or exclude an intra-abdominal condition in ICU patients, BSL should be preferred over exploratory laparotomy.
Impact of a Semi-Rigid Knee Orthotic Intervention on Pain, Physical Activity, and Functional Capacity in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Stetter Bernd J. , Fiedler Janis , Arndt Michèle , Stein Thorsten , Sell Stefan
Published: March 2024

Background: The effectiveness of knee orthoses as part of conservative treatment for patients with medial knee osteoarthritis has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel semi-rigid knee orthosis on pain, physical activity, and functional capacity. Methods: Pain levels, physical activity, and functional capacity were assessed in 24 participants experiencing symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis one week before (i.e., pretest) initiating a six-week orthosis intervention and again during the final week of the intervention (i.e., post-test). Results: Night pain, pain during walking, pain during stair climbing, and pain during sitting consistently decreased by 41% to 48% while wearing the knee orthosis. Device-based measured physical activity showed a 20.2-min increase in vigorous physical activity during the post-test, while light and moderate physical activity did not show significant changes. After six weeks of orthosis application, there was a 5% increased distance for the six-minute walk test, and participants reported fewer limitations both in everyday and athletic activities, as well as an enhanced quality of life. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential effectiveness of a semi-rigid knee orthosis to enhancing functional capacity and quality of life. More extensive and longer clinical trials are needed to improve confidence in these findings and understand their impact on disease progression.
The Physical and Psychosocial Impact of Fatigue among Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mardale Denise-Ani , Opriș-Belinski Daniela , Bojincă Violeta , Bojincă Mihai , Mazilu Diana , Păsăran Emilia , Nițăa Cristina , Groșeanu Laura , Berghea Florian , Bălănescu Andra-Rodica
Published: March 2024

Background: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by organ-specific symptoms in the salivary and lacrimal glands, as well as systemic manifestations. Fatigue, a prominent aspect, significantly influences the overall quality of life for individuals with pSS. Methods: This review seeks to evaluate the impact of fatigue by exploring its consequences, potential causes, and effects on physical and psychological well-being, while also investigating its management strategies. Following the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)” guidelines, our systematic literature review involved a five-step algorithm. Initially identifying 78 articles in reputable international medical databases, we applied eligibility criteria and removed duplicates, resulting in 19 articles for qualitative synthesis. Results: This review delves into the predictive factors for heightened fatigue in pSS, encompassing rheumatoid factor levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and immunoglobulin G levels. Sleep disturbances, specifically nighttime pain and nocturia, emerged as determinants of persistent daytime fatigue. Cognitive impairment in pSS involves deteriorations in global memory, executive functioning, and attentional resources. Furthermore, functional limitations in pSS impact patients’ quality of life. Conclusions: The significance of fatigue in pSS, its consequences, and profound influence on the quality of life necessitate further research for a more comprehensive understanding of this complex issue.
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): A Critical Overview of Recent Clinical Trials and Suggested Guidelines for Future Research
Authors: Pressman Peter , Hayes A. Wallace , Hoeng Julia , Latino Diogo A. R. S. , Mazurov Anatoly , Schlage Walter K. , Rana Azhar
Published: March 2024

In this overview, we seek to appraise recent experimental and observational studies investigating THC and its potential role as adjunctive therapy in various medical illnesses. Recent clinical trials are suggestive of the diverse pharmacologic potentials for THC but suffer from small sample sizes, short study duration, failure to address tolerance, little dose variation, ill-defined outcome measures, and failure to identify and/or evaluate confounds, all of which may constitute significant threats to the validity of most trials. However, the existing work underscores the potential therapeutic value of THC and, at the same time, calls attention to the critical need for better-designed protocols to fully explore and demonstrate safety and efficacy. In the most general sense, the present brief review illuminates some intriguing findings about THC, along with the basic threats to the validity of the research that supports those findings. The intent is to highlight existing generic weaknesses in the existing randomized controlled trial literature and, most importantly, provide guidance for improved clinical research.
Fasting Plasma Ketone Bodies Are Associated with NT-proBNP: A Potential Mechanism to Provide Fuel for the Failing Heart
Authors: Palm Constantin L. , Shalaurova Irina , Connelly Margery A. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Westenbrink Berend Daan , Dullaart Robin P. F.
Published: March 2024

Background: Heart failure (HF) features a shift in metabolism towards enhanced utilization of ketone bodies. While elevations in plasma natriuretic peptides represent a biochemical hallmark of HF, natriuretic peptides may promote lipolysis, thereby contributing to fatty acid availability for ketogenesis. Methods: We cross-sectionally tested to what extent fasting plasma total ketone bodies (measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are associated with N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP; electrochemiluminescent sandwich immunoassay) in individuals with and without HF. Results: Among 6217 participants from the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease (PREVEND) study, 203 were identified with HF. NT-proBNP was four-fold and total ketone bodies were 25% higher in HF participants (each p < 0.001). In both participants with and without HF, total ketone body levels correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.116 and 0.185, respectively; p < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for relevant covariates, total ketone bodies remained associated with NT-proBNP in the whole cohort (std β = 0.08, p < 0.001), without a difference in participants with and without HF (p interaction: 0.52). Conclusion: This general population-based study reveals an independent association of fasting total body ketone bodies with plasma NT-proBNP. Our findings suggest that a metabolic defense mechanism could be operative, providing the myocardium with ketone bodies to meet its energy demands.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Water Renewal Time and Potential Dissolved Matter Using TELEMAC: Applications to Shediac Bay (New Brunswick, Canada)
Authors: Lieou Chinh , Jolicoeur Serge , Guyondet Thomas , O’Carroll Stéphane , Nguyen-Quang Tri
Published: March 2024

This study examines the hydrodynamic regimes in Shediac Bay, located in New Brunswick, Canada, with a focus on the breach in the Grande-Digue sand spit. The breach, which was developed in the mid-1980s, has raised concerns about its potential impacts on water renewal time and water quality in the inner bay. The aims of this study, using mathematical modeling approaches, were to evaluate the flow regimes passing through the breach and influences on the distribution of dissolved matter, providing insights into whether the breach should be allowed to naturally evolve or be artificially infilled to prevent contaminant stagnancy in the bay. The study considered three simulation scenarios to comprehend the water renewal time and the role of the breach in the environmental management of Shediac Bay. Results indicated that completely closing the breach would significantly increase the water renewal time in the inner bay, although the spatial extent of this increase is limited. However, the study identified some limitations, including the need to better define the concentration limit for considering water as renewed and the lack of consideration of dynamic factors such as wind and wave effects.
Design and Experimental Study of 50 kW Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Test Platform Based on Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Lu Beichen , Liu Yanjun , Zhai Xiaoyu , Zhang Li , Chen Yun
Published: March 2024

In recent years, clean and renewable energy sources have received much attention to balance the contradiction between resource needs and environmental sustainability. Among them, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), which consists of surface warm seawater and deep cold seawater, can rely on thermal cycling to generate electricity and has great potential in alleviating the energy crisis. In this paper, the design and experiment study of a 50 kW OTEC platform is proposed. Thermodynamic modeling, calculation, optimization, and engineering calibration of the system were carried out, and the thermal efficiency reached 2.63% to meet the power generation demand. Experiments were also carried out by using a heat pump unit to simulate hot and cold seawater environments, and data on the stable operation of the system were obtained, with the grid-connected power reaching 47.5 kW and a thermal efficiency of 2.46%. The accuracy of the design scheme is verified, and the theoretical basis and data support are provided for the practical development and application of ocean thermal energy conversion.
Wind-Powered Desalination on Islands: A Review of Energy–Water Pathways
Authors: Matos Carlos , Cabrera Pedro , Carta José A. , Melián-Martel Noemi
Published: March 2024

Water scarcity is a global problem that particularly affects islands located in arid regions or regions with limited water resources. This issue has prompted the development of non-conventional water sources such as fossil fuel-powered desalination systems. Concern about the high energy and environmental costs associated with this type of facility has created the ideal framework for the proliferation of desalination projects powered by renewable energies, especially wind energy due to the multiple advantages it offers. This article provides a bibliometric analysis to identify the advances made in wind-powered desalination on islands. While many studies explore wind-powered desalination, none compile references specific to islands. This paper analyses islands’ desalination needs and showcases wind-powered systems, exploring their types and uses. Firstly, the most relevant international scientific journals are identified to allow the subsequent selection and quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles directly dealing with wind-powered desalination systems. A total of 2344 articles obtained from the Scopus database were analyzed, of which 144 including 181 case studies were selected. Among the results of this study, an increasing year-on-year trend is observed in the number of published studies tackling wind-powered desalination. Finally, this paper presents a series of maps showing the most relevant facilities, projects, and data in this field, and provides an overview of the lessons learned in the decarbonization of desalination.
Ultrasonographic Applications of Novel Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Mika Sławomir , Gola Wojciech , Gil-Mika Monika , Wilk Mateusz , Misiolłek Hanna
Published: March 2024

The diagnostic process in Intensive Care Units has been revolutionized by ultrasonography and accelerated by artificial intelligence. Patients in critical condition are often sonoanatomically challenging, with time constraints being an additional stress factor. In this paper, we describe the technology behind the development of AI systems to support diagnostic ultrasound in intensive care units. Among the AI-based solutions, the focus was placed on systems supporting cardiac ultrasound, such as Smart-VTI, Auto-VTI, SmartEcho Vue, AutoEF, Us2.ai, and Real Time EF. Solutions to assist hemodynamic assessment based on the evaluation of the inferior vena cava, such as Smart-IVC or Auto-IVC, as well as to facilitate ultrasound assessment of the lungs, such as Smart B-line or Auto B-line, and to help in the estimation of gastric contents, such as Auto Gastric Antrum, were also discussed. All these solutions provide doctors with support by making it easier to obtain appropriate diagnostically correct ultrasound images by automatically performing time-consuming measurements and enabling real-time analysis of the obtained data. Artificial intelligence will most likely be used in the future to create advanced systems facilitating the diagnostic and therapeutic process in intensive care units.
Feature Papers in Landscape Ecology: An Editorial Overview
Authors: Pearson Diane , Martínez-López Javier , Rescia Alejandro J. , Baldwin Robert , Martínez Pastur Guillermo J.
Published: March 2024

Landscapes can be seen as important socio-ecological systems [...]
Potentials for Optimizing Roadside Greenery to Improve the Quality of Life in Cities
Authors: Wackler Pia , Bauer Sonja
Published: March 2024

Trees and plants at the roadside or on median strips are called roadside greenery. These are not only beautiful in our environment but are also an important component of the biological system of a city. In addition, roadside greenery provides a variety of design, structural, traffic and ecological functions. These include shading and aesthetics, but also the sense of security and as a measure against the consequences of climate change. Worldwide, more and more people are living in cities and urbanization is steadily increasing. As a result, inner-city development is becoming increasingly dense, and the air is getting worse. In order to make people’s living environments as pleasant and healthy as possible, more greenery is needed in cities. In this research work, the relationship between quality of life and street greenery is investigated. The aim is to analyze the different needs and wishes of citizens and to identify and compile positive consequential effects of street greenery on people and the environment, as well as possible deficits in urban areas. A guideline for action with recommendations will support municipalities in upgrading and expanding street greenery in cities. The empirical study shows that street greenery is enormously important for the general and subjective quality of life for every age group. The perception of the population shows different assessments and ideals regarding street greenery. Overall, there is a desire among the population to maintain and optimize street greenery in the city.
Are We Talking about the Same Thing? Modeling Semantic Similarity between Common and Specialized Lexica in WordNet
Authors: Barbero Chiara , Amaro Raquel
Published: March 2024

Specialized languages can activate different sets of semantic features when compared to general language or express concepts through different words according to the domain. The specialized lexicon, i.e., lexical units that denote more specific concepts and knowledge emerging from specific domains, however, co-exists with the common lexicon, i.e., the set of lexical units that denote concepts and knowledge shared by the average speakers, regardless of their specific training or expertise. Communication between specialists and non-specialists can show a big gap between language(s), and therefore lexical units, used by the two groups. However, quite often, semantic and conceptual overlapping between specialized and common lexical units occurs and, in many cases, the specialized and common units refer to close concepts or even point to the same reality. Considering the modeling of meaning in functional lexical resources, this paper puts forth a solution that links common and specialized lexica within the WordNet model framework. We propose a new relation expressing semantic proximity between common and specialized units and define the conditions for its establishment. Besides contributing to the observation and understanding of the process of knowledge specialization and its reflex on the lexicon, the proposed relation allows for the integration of specialized and non-specialized lexicons into a single database, contributing directly to improving communication in specialist/non-specialist contexts, such as teaching–learning situations or health professional-patient interactions, among many others, where code-switching is frequent and necessary.
Oral Lesions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Psoriasis: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Di Spirito Federica , Raimondo Annunziata , Di Palo Maria Pia , Martina Stefano , Fordellone Mario , Rosa Donato , Amato Massimo , Lembo Serena
Published: March 2024

Psoriasis is a widespread chronic inflammatory skin disease, that negatively affects physical and emotional well-being and quality of life, as shown by the generally low Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Psoriasis is burdened by associated comorbidities and some patients manifest concurrent oral lesions, although the existence of oral psoriasis remains controversial. Psoriasis-specific and nonspecific oral lesions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL), self-assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, were retrospectively reviewed in adult untreated psoriasis patients with ≥15 teeth, who were non-smokers and had no dental or periodontal infections. Sample (age, gender, comorbidities) and descriptive variables (Body Surface Area-BSA, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index-PASI, Dermatology Life Quality Index-DLQI, severity of psoriasis, distribution of lesions and predominant involvement, years since diagnosis) were correlated with DLQI and OHIP-14 and compared by baseline DLQI and OHRQoL classes. Charts from 90 participants were included. No oral lesions were detected, and excellent/good OHRQoL was found in 94% of the participants. DLQI scores displayed positive significant associations with PASI and BSA, while OHIP-14 with hypertension and IMID, and age. PASI and BSA were significantly higher in participants with DLQI > 10 and also differed significantly among OHQRoL ranks, as well as mucosal involvement and comorbidities. Specifically, among subjects revealing an Excellent OHQRoL, 92.6% were non-IMID, 75% non-hypertensive, 89.7% non-diabetic subjects, 86.8% of non CVD-subjects.
Large Anthrax Outbreak in a New Locality in Croatia, 2022
Authors: Žmak Ljiljana , Bošnjak Selma , Pem Novosel Iva , Juzbašić Tajana , Vilibić-Čavlek Tatjana , Tabain Irena , Miškić Tihana , Lohman Janković Ivana , Brkić Inoslav , Gverić Grginić Ana
Published: March 2024

Bacillus anthracis is a well-known zoonotic pathogen that can cause disease in both animals and humans. Moreover, it has a high bioterrorism potential as its lethal spores are resistant to inactivation, are easy to produce in large quantities, and are easily spread over large areas. Anthrax cases occur in different parts of the world, including most European countries. Specific areas of Croatia are long known as anthrax districts, but with sporadically reported cases over the years. Here, we present a major outbreak of animal and human anthrax in the region of Lonjsko Polje in Croatia, a region not known to have anthrax cases in the past. The outbreak started in July 2022 and lasted several months, but most human and animal cases were reported in the first month. During the outbreak, there were 17 reported human cases of cutaneous anthrax and 29 laboratory-confirmed animal cases. However, due to issues in reporting in animals and the late finding of the carcasses, which made laboratory diagnostics challenging, the actual number of animal cases was probably significantly higher.
Cytokines in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Unraveling Their Pathophysiological Roles
Authors: Chigbu DeGaulle I. , Karbach Nicholas J. , Abu Sampson L. , Hehar Navpreet K.
Published: March 2024

Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the common immune hypersensitivity disorders that affect the ocular system. The clinical manifestations of this condition exhibit variability contingent upon environmental factors, seasonal dynamics, and genetic predisposition. While our comprehension of the pathophysiological engagement of immune and nonimmune cells in the conjunctiva has progressed, the same cannot be asserted for the cytokines mediating this inflammatory cascade. In this review, we proffer a comprehensive description of interleukins 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33, as well as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), elucidating their pathophysiological roles in mediating the allergic immune responses on the ocular surface. Delving into the nuanced functions of these cytokines holds promise for the exploration of innovative therapeutic modalities aimed at managing allergic conjunctivitis.
Modern Treatment of Valvulopathies in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia
Authors: Badescu Minerva Codruta , Badulescu Oana Viola , Gheorghe Liliana , Butnariu Lăcrămioara Ionela , Ouatu Anca , Popescu Diana , Buliga-Finiș Oana Nicoleta , Gorduza Eusebiu Vlad , Ciocoiu Manuela , Rezus Ciprian
Published: March 2024

Hemophiliacs can develop cardiovascular diseases, including valvulopathies of various etiologies and severities. Some require surgical treatment. Performing cardiac surgery in hemophiliacs is a challenge because they maintain an increased risk of bleeding throughout their lives. Our review shows that with a multidisciplinary team and careful planning, cardiac surgery can be safely performed in these patients. Valve repair and bioprosthetic valves should be preferred over mechanical valves to avoid life-long anticoagulation. In patients who cannot receive a bioprosthetic valve, the use of the On-X mechanical valve might be considered because it requires less intensive anticoagulation after 3 months of treatment. Antithrombotic treatment is feasible in hemophiliacs only if the coagulation factor level is kept constantly above a specific trough limit. Our review is valuable because, for the first time, the available data on the modern surgical treatment of valvular disease in hemophiliacs have been synthesized and systematized.
Field-Weakening Strategy with Modulated Predictive Current Control Applied to Six-Phase Induction Machines
Authors: Ayala Magno , Doval-Gandoy Jesus , Rodas Jorge , Gonzalez Osvaldo , Gregor Raúl , Delorme Larizza , Romero Carlos , Fleitas Ariel
Published: March 2024

The predictive current controller has arisen as a practicable technique for operating multiphase machines due to its fast dynamic response, control flexibility, and overall good performance. However, this type of controller has limitations, e.g., it tends to suffer from steady-state tracking errors in (d−q) currents; high computational burden; and high (x−y) currents, which become more pronounced at higher speeds, thereby worsening its sustainability. While some proposals have addressed these limitations by incorporating modulation stages and new cost functions, there is still room for improvement, particularly at higher speeds. In line with the pursuit of sustainable advancements, this article explores the integration of a field-weakening strategy with a modulated predictive current controller applied to a six-phase induction machine to improve its performance at current tracking for higher speed ranges. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, assessing stator current tracking, reduction in the (x−y) currents, and the total harmonic distortion.
Earthquake Bond Pricing Model Involving the Inconstant Event Intensity and Maximum Strength
Authors: Ibrahim Riza Andrian , Sukono  , Napitupulu Herlina , Ibrahim Rose Irnawaty
Published: March 2024

Traditional insurance’s earthquake contingency costs are insufficient for earthquake funding due to extreme differences from actual losses. The earthquake bond (EB) links insurance to capital market bonds, enabling higher and more sustainable earthquake funding, but challenges persist in pricing EBs. This paper presents zero-coupon and coupon-paying EB pricing models involving the inconstant event intensity and maximum strength of extreme earthquakes under the risk-neutral pricing measure. Focusing on extreme earthquakes simplifies the modeling and data processing time compared to considering infinite earthquake frequency occurring over a continuous time interval. The intensity is accommodated using the inhomogeneous Poisson process, while the maximum strength is modeled using extreme value theory (EVT). Furthermore, we conducted model experiments and variable sensitivity analyses on EB prices using earthquake data from Indonesia’s National Disaster Management Authority from 2008 to 2021. The sensitivity analysis results show that choosing inconstant intensity rather than a constant one implies significant EB price differences, and the maximum strength distribution based on EVT matches the data distribution. The presented model and its experiments can guide EB issuers in setting EB prices. Then, the variable sensitivities to EB prices can be used by investors to choose EB according to their risk tolerance.
Idiopathic Spontaneous Rupture of a Subcostal Artery in a Patient Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Case Report
Authors: Ryu Junha , Lee Seolje , Lee Tae Won , Bae Eunjin , Park Dong Jun
Published: March 2024

The spontaneous rupture of a subcostal (12th intercostal) artery is exceptionally rare and could be fatal, requiring early diagnosis and treatment. Only one case of intercostal artery (ICA) bleeding in a patient undergoing hemodialysis (HD) has been reported. We additionally describe a 41-year-old man undergoing HD who presented with a spontaneous hemoperitoneum and shock resulting from a subcostal artery rupture. He initially complained of diffuse abdominal pain and dizziness at the emergency room. His abdomen was bloated, and there was tenderness in the right upper quadrant area. Enhanced computed tomography and arteriography revealed a rupture of the right subcostal artery. After the super-selection of the bleeding artery by a microcatheter, embolization was performed using a detachable coil and gelfoam. In a subsequent arteriogram, additional contrast leakage was no longer detected, and his blood pressure was restored to normal. The patient was discharged without any sequelae. He was followed up at our HD center without recurrence of ICA bleeding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case in the English literature documenting a spontaneous ICA rupture in a patient undergoing HD. This case indicates that injury to ICA should be suspected when patients undergoing HD complain of abdominal or chest pain and dizziness, although it is very rare.
Endogenous Microbacteria Can Contribute to Ovarian Carcinogenesis by Reducing Iron Concentration in Cysts: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kawahara Naoki , Yamanaka Shoichiro , Nishikawa Kyohei , Matsuoka Motoki , Maehana Tomoka , Kawaguchi Ryuji , Ozu Naoki , Fujii Tomomi , Sugimoto Aya , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Kimura Fuminori
Published: March 2024

Among epithelial ovarian cancer, clear cell carcinoma is common for chemo-resistance and high mortality. This cancer arises from benign ovarian endometrioma (OE), which is a high oxidative stress environment due to the cystic retention of menstrual blood produced during menstruation and the “iron” liberated from the cyst. There has been strong evidence that the iron concentration in OE decreases when they become cancerous. A decrease in iron concentration is a necessary condition for the formation of cancer. However, the mechanism of carcinogenesis is not yet clear. In the current study, the bacterial flora in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC), including clear cell carcinoma, and their origin, OE, were investigated using next-generation sequencing. The Shannon index in the genus level was significantly higher in EAOC than in OE fluids. Among several bacterial flora that were more abundant than benign chocolate cysts, a number of bacterial species that correlate very well with iron concentrations in the cysts were identified. These bacterial species are likely to be associated with decreased iron concentrations and cancer development.
SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses in Human Olfactory Pathophysiology
Authors: Wade Serigne Fallou , Diouara Abou Abdallah Malick , Ngom Babacar , Thiam Fatou , Dia Ndongo
Published: March 2024

Acute respiratory viruses (ARVs) are the leading cause of diseases in humans worldwide. High-risk individuals, including children and the elderly, could potentially develop severe illnesses that could result in hospitalization or death in the worst case. The most common ARVs are the Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Parainfluenza Virus, rhinovirus, coronaviruses (including SARS and MERS CoV), adenoviruses, Human Bocavirus, enterovirus (-D68 and 71), and influenza viruses. The olfactory deficits due to ARV infection are a common symptom among patients. This review provides an overview of the role of SARS-CoV-2 and other common ARVs in the development of human olfactory pathophysiology. We highlight the critical need to understand the signaling underlying the olfactory dysfunction and the development of therapeutics for this wide-ranging category of AVRs to restore the altered or loss of smell in affected patients.
Progress in Lewis-Acid-Templated Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Ishihara Jun
Published: March 2024

The synthesis of natural products with complicated architectures often requires the use of segments with functional groups that can be structurally transformed with the desired stereogenic centers. Bicyclic 𝛾-lactones have great potential as a suitable segment for natural product synthesis. However, the stereoselective construction of such functionalized bicyclic 𝛾-lactones is not as straightforward as one might expect. The template-mediated Diels–Alder reaction is one of the most powerful and versatile methods for providing bicyclic 𝛾-lactones with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. In this reaction, the diene is linked to the dienophile by a temporary tether, allowing the reaction to proceed efficiently, yielding a product that can be used for natural product synthesis. This review describes some important instances of the template-mediated Diels–Alder reaction and its application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
Release Pattern of Light Aromatic Hydrocarbons during the Biomass Roasting Process
Authors: Zhao Yaying , Yan Yuqing , Jiang Yuhang , Cao Yang , Wang Zhuozhi , Li Jiapeng , Yan Chenshuai , Wang Danya , Yuan Lu , Zhao Guangbo
Published: March 2024

Roasting is an important step in the pretreatment of biomass upgrading. Roasting can improve the fuel quality of biomass, reduce the O/C and H/C ratios in the biomass, and provide the biomass with a fuel quality comparable to that of lignite. Therefore, studying the structure and component evolution laws during biomass roasting treatment is important for the rational and efficient utilization of biomass. When the roasting temperature is 200–300 °C, the cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass undergo a depolymerization reaction, releasing many monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with high reactivity. The proportion of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biomass roasting products can be effectively regulated by controlling the reaction temperature, residence time, catalyst, baking atmosphere, and other factors in the biomass roasting process. This paper focuses on the dissociation law of organic components in the pretreatment process of biomass roasting.
Exploring the Influence of Morphology on Bipolaron–Polaron Ratios and Conductivity in Polypyrrole in the Presence of Surfactants
Authors: Samwang Thaneeya , Watanabe Nozomi Morishita , Okamoto Yukihiro , Umakoshi Hiroshi
Published: March 2024

This research aims to deepen the understanding of the relationship between conductivity and morphology in polypyrrole (PPy) via a comparison of the bipolaron to polaron ratios with a focus on the C-H deformation area. PPy samples were synthesized with different surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and tween 80 (TW). This study revealed that SDS significantly altered the bipolaron and polaron in the C-H deformation region and showed higher conductivity than other surfactants. Notably, the morphological shifts to a sheet-like structure when using ammonium sulfate (APS) contrasted with the particle-like form observed with ferric chloride (FeCl3). These results showed that if the oxidant changed, the bipolaron and polaron ratios in C-H deformation were unrelated to PPy morphology. However, this work showed a consistent relationship between SDS use, the bipolaron and polaron ratios in the C-H deformation, and the conductivity properties. Moreover, the natural positive charge of PPy and negatively charged SDS molecules may lead to an electrostatic interaction between PPy and SDS. This work assumes that this interaction might cause the transformation of polaron to bipolaron in the C–H deformation region, resulting in improved conductivity of PPy. This work offers more support for the future investigation of PPy characteristics.
The Potential Role of Leptin in the Regulation of Maternal Weight during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Neonate Weight and Apgar
Authors: Fonseca Daniela G. M. , Souza-Carmo Maria-Carmen N. , Ruas Raquel N. , Pereira Solange S. , Teixeira Lílian Goncalves , Alvarez-Leite e Jacqueline I.
Published: March 2024

Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and expressed in several organs, including the placenta. We investigated the influence of leptin in maternal blood on leptin expression and concentration in the placenta and umbilical cord and its influence on fetal weight and conditions at the time of birth. Twenty-five parturients were recruited, and after childbirth, placental tissue fragments, umbilical arteries, and vein blood were collected. According to leptin concentration in maternal peripheral blood, parturients were divided into low and high leptin groups. Mothers in the high-leptin group had higher age, pre-pregnancy weight, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight in late pregnancy than mothers in the low-leptin group. Children of mothers in the high-leptin group presented an Apgar score modestly lower than those of the low-leptin group. No differences were observed in leptin concentrations in the umbilical artery and vein. However, the leptin retained in the fetus increased in the high-leptin group compared to the low-leptin group. We observed a negative correlation between fetal leptin retained and maternal age in the low-leptin group. In the high-leptin group, placental leptin concentration was positively correlated with maternal weight in late pregnancy. Nonetheless, the expression of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) was negatively correlated with newborn length. In conclusion, this study found a positive correlation between maternal leptin levels and maternal pre-pregnancy weight, BMI, and fetal birth weight. These findings suggest a potential role of leptin in maternal weight regulation during pregnancy and fetal growth.
Inflammatory CD11b+ Macrophages Produce BAFF in Spleen of Mice Infected with Leishmania donovani
Authors: Nagai Kazuki , Fujii Wataru , Yamagishi Junya , Sanjoba Chizu , Goto Yasuyuki
Published: March 2024

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania and manifests clinical symptoms such as splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anemia, and fever. It has previously been shown that B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) is involved in splenomegaly during VL. Although BAFF is known to be expressed by a variety of cells, the mechanism of elevated BAFF expression in VL is not clear. In this study, we aimed to identify BAFF-producing cells in the spleens of mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Splenocytes of L. donovani-infected mice showed elevated BAFF expression compared to that of naive mice. In the infected spleen, the number of both CD11b+ and F4/80+ cells increased, and the major BAFF-producing cells were CD11b+ cells, which did not serve as host cells of Leishmania. Immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent staining of spleens of infected mice revealed that the increased CD11b+ cells were primarily MRP14+ mononuclear cells. Together, these results suggest the increased BAFF expression in the spleen of L. donovani-infected mice involves a recruitment of inflammatory macrophages distinct from host macrophages for the parasites.