bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulsational Pair-instability Supernovae. I. Pre-collapse Evolution and Pulsational Mass Ejection
Authors: Leung Shing-Chi , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Blinnikov Sergei
Published: December 2019

We calculate the evolution of massive stars, which undergo pulsational pair-instability (PPI) when the O-rich core is formed. The evolution from the main sequence through the onset of PPI is calculated for stars with initial masses of 80–140 M
⊙ and metallicities of Z = 10−3−1.0 Z
⊙. Because of mass loss, Z ≤ 0.5 Z
⊙ is necessary for stars to form He cores massive enough (i.e., mass >40 M
⊙) to undergo PPI. The hydrodynamical phase of evolution from PPI through the beginning of Fe-core collapse is calculated for He cores with masses of 40−62 M
⊙ and Z = 0. During PPI, electron–positron pair production causes a rapid contraction of the O-rich core, which triggers explosive O-burning and a pulsation of the core. We study the mass dependence of the pulsation dynamics, thermodynamics, and nucleosynthesis. The pulsations are stronger for more massive He cores and result in a large amount of mass ejection such as 3–13 M
⊙ for 40−62 M
⊙ He cores. These He cores eventually undergo Fe-core collapse. The 64 M
⊙ He core undergoes complete disruption and becomes a pair-instability supernova. The H-free circumstellar matter ejected around these He cores is massive enough to explain the observed light curve of Type I (H-free) superluminous supernovae with circumstellar interaction. We also note that the mass ejection sets the maximum mass of black holes (BHs) to be ∼50 M
⊙, which is consistent with the masses of BHs recently detected by VIRGO and aLIGO.
A Data-driven Model of Nucleosynthesis with Chemical Tagging in a Lower-dimensional Latent Space
Authors: Casey Andrew R. , Lattanzio John C. , Aleti Aldeida , Dowe David L. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Buder Sven , Lewis Geraint F. , Martell Sarah L. , Nordlander Thomas , Simpson Jeffrey D. , Sharma Sanjib , Zucker Daniel B.
Published: December 2019

Chemical tagging seeks to identify unique star formation sites from present-day stellar abundances. Previous techniques have treated each abundance dimension as being statistically independent, despite theoretical expectations that many elements can be produced by more than one nucleosynthetic process. In this work, we introduce a data-driven model of nucleosynthesis, where a set of latent factors (e.g., nucleosynthetic yields) contribute to all stars with different scores and clustering (e.g., chemical tagging) is modeled by a mixture of multivariate Gaussians in a lower-dimensional latent space. We use an exact method to simultaneously estimate the factor scores for each star, the partial assignment of each star to each cluster, and the latent factors common to all stars, even in the presence of missing data entries. We use an information-theoretic Bayesian principle to estimate the number of latent factors and clusters. Using the secondGalahdata release, we find that six latent factors are preferred to explainN = 2566 stars with 17 chemical abundances. We identify the rapid- and slow neutron-capture processes, as well as latent factors consistent with Fe-peak andα-element production, and another where K and Zn dominate. When we considerN ∼ 160,000 stars with missing abundances, we find another seven factors, as well as 16 components in latent space. Despite these components showing separation in chemistry, which is explained through different yield contributions, none show significant structure in their positions or motions. We argue that more data and joint priors on cluster membership that are constrained by dynamical models are necessary to realize chemical tagging at a galactic-scale. We release accompanying software that scales well with the available data, allowing for the model’s parameters to be optimized in seconds given a fixed number of latent factors, components, and ∼107abundance measurements.
Nitric Oxide Gene Polymorphism is a Risk Factor for Diabetic Nephropathy and Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: El Dayem Soha M. , Battah Ahmed A. , El Bohy Abo El Maged , Ahmed Solaf , Hamed Mona , El Fattah Safa Nabil Abd
Published: December 2019

AIM: To assess the risk factor for diabetic atherosclerosis nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy volunteers age and sex-matched and Sixty-five type 1 diabetic patient were in rolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 17.99 ± 2.59 years, mean age of onset of diabetes was 7.00 ± 3.28 years, mean duration of diabetes was 10.91 ± 3.54 years. Glycosylated sex-matched (HbA1c) was assessed in blood samples, serum lipid profile was determined, and serum level of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), and nitric oxide was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Nitric oxide 894G > T genotype was analysed by (PCR-RFLP) method and confirmed by Sequencing. Assessment of the albumin / creatinine ratio was done in urine samples. Renal Doppler and Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) via ultrasound was also performed.
RESULTS: OxLDL, lipid profile, albumin/creatinine ratio, cIMT and resistivity index were significantly higher in diabetic patients while nitric oxide was significantly lower. Nitric oxide genotype shows no significant difference between diabetic’s patients and controls. Diabetic patients with homozygous NO had a significantly lower serum level of Nitric oxide, a significantly higher OxLDL, albumin / creatinine ratio and lipid profile.
CONCLUSION: diabetic patients are liable for the occurrence of early diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis as a result of the presence of low level of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide gene polymorphism 894G > T in diabetic patients is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis.
Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus soniae Hollanda-Carvalho & Weber, 2004 from the Teles Pires River, southern Amazon basin: evidence of an early stage of an XX/XY sex chromosome system
Authors: de Oliveira Luciene Castuera , Ribeiro Marcos Otávio , Costa Gerlane de Medeiros , Zawadzki Cláudio Henrique , Prizon-Nakajima Ana Camila , Borin-Carvalho Luciana Andreia , Martins-Santos Isabel , Portela-Castro Ana Luiza de Brito
Published: December 2019

In the present study, we analyzed individuals of Hypostomus soniae (Loricariidae) collected from the Teles Pires River, southern Amazon basin, Brazil. Hypostomus soniae has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 64 and a karyotype composed of 12 metacentric (m), 22 submetacentric (sm), 14 subtelocentric (st), and 16 acrocentric (a) chromosomes, with a structural difference between the chromosomes of the two sexes: the presence of a block of heterochromatin in sm pair No. 26, which appears to represent a putative initial stage of the differentiation of an XX/XY sex chromosome system. This chromosome, which had a heterochromatin block, and was designated proto-Y (pY), varied in the length of the long arm (q) in comparison with its homolog, resulting from the addition of constitutive heterochromatin. It is further distinguished by the presence of major ribosomal cistrons in a subterminal position of the long arm (q). The Nucleolus Organizer Region (NOR) had different phenotypes among the H. soniae individuals in terms of the number of Ag-NORs and 18S rDNA sites. The origin, distribution and maintenance of the chromosomal polymorphism found in H. soniae reinforced the hypothesis of the existence of a proto-Y chromosome, demonstrating the rise of an XX/XY sex chromosome system.
Two new species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Pornpongrungrueng Pimwadee , Chantaranothai Pranom , Parnell John A.N. , Hodkinson Trevor R.
Published: December 2019

Two Phyllanthus species are newly described from a limestone mountain in the north of Thailand. The first species, P. huamotensis Pornp., Chantar. & J.Parn., sp. nov., is one of the most distinct Phyllanthus species easily distinguished by its reddish branchlets and stem, conspicuous reddish venation, especially on the lower leaf surface, red sepals with long fimbriate margin and red capsule with papillose-puberulous surface. The second species, P. chantaranothaii Pornp., J.Parn. & Hodk., sp. nov., is similar to P. pulcher Wall. ex Müll.Arg., but it is distinguished by its puberulous upper leaf surface and pistillate flowers which have red, narrowly lanceolate sepals with a white, long fimbriate margin, puberulous outer side as well as puberulous pedicel.
The impact of exposure to unrealistically high beauty standards on inhibitory control
Authors: Selimbegović Leila , Juneau Catherine , Ferrand Ludovic , Spatola Nicolas , Augustinova Maria
Published: December 2019

A ce jour, les processus sous-tendant les effets d’exposition aux standards de beauté inatteignables et leur régulation restent peu compris. Dans ce contexte, la présente étude examine l’impact d’une telle exposition sur le contrôle inhibiteur. Entre deux blocs d’une tâche de Stroop sémantique, soixante-douze jeunes filles sans troubles étaient exposées à des images d’un modèle féminin de beauté très mince (vs. des images contrôle). L’exposition au modèle n’a pas affecté le niveau d’interférence Stroop sémantique . Néanmoins, l’interférence Stroop  standard  (qui implique une composante de contrôle inhibiteur) a augmenté dans le second bloc pour les participantes contrôle, alors que les participantes exposées au modèle de beauté parvenaient à maintenir le même niveau d’interférence standard à travers les deux blocs. Ces résultats suggèrent que la comparaison ascendante avec un standard de beauté irréaliste facilite le déploiement du contrôle inhibiteur dans le temps. La discussion se focalise sur le rôle potentiel de la motivation à éviter un état aversif de conscience de soi et les émotions négatives associées dans ces effets, ainsi que sur leurs implications pratiques.
Sexe et genre à l’ère de l’épigénétique
Authors: Junien Claudine
Published: December 2019

La parité femme/homme et la « théorie du genre » font sans cesse l’objet de débats. Mais le corps en reste le grand oublié. En effet certaines maladies touchent majoritairement les femmes et d’autres les hommes. Les différences liées au sexe (DLS) ont des bases génétiques et épigénétiques – à l’interface entre les gènes et l’environnement – et hormonales. Or les femmes sont sous-représentées dans les essais cliniques et les femelles parfois absentes des études sur l’animal ; ceci a pour conséquence des diagnostics et des traitements moins bien adaptés et deux fois plus d’accidents secondaires chez les femmes. Pourquoi une telle disparité ? C’est bien l’ignorance, voire le déni, des DLS qui sont à l’origine de cette inégalité et non les DLS elles-mêmes. Ce n’est pas en les occultant que l’on supprimera ces discriminations dans le domaine de la santé.
Œdipe sauvage, fantasme rassurant
Authors: Orasanu Brindusa
Published: December 2019

L’article illustre cliniquement des connexions entre l’hypothèse de François Richard sur les représentations bisexuelles sans contenu couvrant l’incestualité irreprésentable et celle de Jean-Michel Lévy sur la théorie de la castration comme esquive de la reconnaissance de la différence des sexes. Considérer la bisexualité dans le temps conduit à une perspective ouvrant sur deux types inséparables de conflictualité : celle concernant la différence des sexes et celle concernant la différence des générations.
Pourquoi ne sommes-nous pas tous bisexuels ? Pour une introduction
Authors: Ody Michel
Published: December 2019

Ce texte est une introduction à la table ronde « Pourquoi ne sommes-nous pas tous bisexuels ? ». Cette introduction reprend trois étapes de la pensée de Freud, leur résonance avec les deux rapporteurs, comme avec le grand travail de Christian David. Une brève illustration d’analyse d’enfant confirme la complexité du trajet de l’élaboration longitudinale de la bisexualité psychique.
Le processus fétichisant, lieu transitionnel de la bisexualité psychique
Authors: Lavallée Guy
Published: December 2019

Le processus fétichisant est un des traitements particuliers de nos perceptions qui relève de l’universel et pas seulement de la psychopathologie. Le fétiche peut soutenir la bisexualité et la représenter. La représentation fétichisée de la bisexualité, dans l’art, chez l’adolescent, dans l’homosexualité et les psychoses, est envisagée comme un lieu d’aménagement qui permet l’Espoir des retrouvailles hallucinatoires vitales avec l’objet primaire perdu, même et surtout quand ce dernier a été gravement défaillant.
Identification primaire, homosexualité primaire, identification secondaire
Authors: Gibeault Alain
Published: December 2019

Une réflexion sur la bisexualité psychique suppose de définir le passage de l’identification primaire à l’identification secondaire à partir des enjeux de l’homosexualité primaire comme processus d’investissement d’autrui comme double narcissique. Il s’agit d’un enjeu à la fois théorique et clinique par la possibilité ainsi offerte dans toute cure analytique d’une liaison de l’excitation dans des affects et des représentations et de l’accès à l’altérité de l’objet.
Bisexualité psychique, séduction éthique et espace matriciel
Authors: Chetrit-Vatine Viviane
Published: December 2019

Après avoir rappelé les apports de Colette Chiland et de Jean Laplanche, l’auteure, s’appuyant sur la clinique, envisage les implications de la bisexualité psychique pour la situation analytique. En écho avec les propositions de Jean-Michel Lévy quant aux analystes inquiets de « jouer les mères », elle revient sur la notion de séduction éthique qu’elle a proposée, considérant l’existence d’une relation étroite entre bisexualité psychique bien intégrée et position d’un espace matriciel, espace de responsabilité asymétrique et affectée pour l’autre.
Bisexualité fantasmée ou agie
Authors: Duparc François
Published: December 2019

La bisexualité, résultat de notre double héritage fantasmatique œdipien, est la composante normale de notre identité sexuelle. Mais des variations sexuelles actuelles naissent des conflits idéologiques entre une libération sans fin, poussant à se dégager du corps, et des régressions intégristes homophobes ou antigenres encore plus inquiétantes. La déconstruction de la scène primitive, à l’origine de l’amour et de la fécondité créative, interroge l’analyste dans sa pratique, en résonance avec la société, face aux cas de refus de son corps sexué.
À la recherche du sexe perdu
Authors: Pamfile Dana
Published: December 2019

Cet article essaye de montrer à travers une illustration clinique comment les psychiatres de liaison travaillant avec des patients transgenres pourraient intégrer dans leur pratique clinique et dans leur écoute du symptôme qui est la demande de changement de sexe le concept psychanalytique de bisexualité psychique et ses déclinaisons.
Le philosophe sur le divan. La psychanalyse : modèle (scientifique) de méthode ou analogue (esthétique) de la philosophie ?
Authors: Soulez Antonia
Published: December 2019

On doit à Gordon Baker, l’initiateur de ces travaux sur les Dictées, d’avoir défendu l’interprétation thérapeutique de la philosophie selon le « modèle » de la psychanalyse. Je montre ici que l’introduction des « aspects » dans la « méthode », bien avant la thématisation officielle des aspects dans la philosophie de Wittgenstein, a pour effet de renverser le rapport entre analogie et modèle à une époque charnière où le « réel » se révèle « fluctuant » ( « schwankender » ), et dans cette mesure, réfractaire à l’application de modèles exacts d’analyse. En ce cas, la psychanalyse n’est plus qu’une analogie parmi d’autres relevant davantage d’une construction interprétative (un « art » ?) que de la science, et propre à suggérer l’idée esthétique d’une action consistant à « travailler sur ses représentations ».
Competitiveness of Arabian gulf ports from shipping lines’ perspectives: Case of Sohar port in Oman
Authors: Khalid Adil , Al-Mamery Mohamed
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors that encourage shipping lines to use port of Sohar, in Oman. Some selected factors were used to assess to what extent it affects the port choice from shipping lines companies’ perspective. These factors include infrastructure, hinterland, connectivity and port’s dues.Design/methodology/approach: for this study both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used. Self-administered questionnaire used for collecting quantitative data while interviews were used to collect qualitative data. Secondary data was collected by reviewing academic literature and recent relevant articles and reports.Findings: Port of Sohar has a better opportunity to be the gateway of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States and all Cargo could have dropped in the port and transferred to other GCC States by road, rail and other transportation modes. This opportunity is gained by the strategic location of Sohar Port outside of the Strait of Hormuz. It can be concluded that port competitiveness can be improved through strategic location, improved hinterland conditions, port facilities, services cost, volume of cargo, connectivity to other ports and dwell time factor.Research limitations: The research was limited mainly by conducting it only at the port of Sohar because surrounding ports are too far away and it should involve more ports to gain comparative results. Limited number of stakeholders as Port Authority, Oman International Container Terminal (OICT) and shipping lines companies and agents is another limitation.Practical implications: The port can improve its competitive advantages and focus on the investigated factors. The government can also continue in working in the three big infrastructural projects; the new express roads, Sohar Airport and rail network connections with other GCC networks.Originality/value: the study used specific factors that expected to contribute to the shipping lines companies’ selection of ports in the gulf region. This could help the port to identify their competitive advantage and how they can use these competencies to improve their competitiveness in relation to other ports in the region.
Gaussian filter to process tracer breakthrough curves
Authors: Li Guangquan , Liu Hong , Yang Simeng
Published: December 2019

Breakthrough curves in hydrogeology are similar to seismograms in containing a variety of undesired noises and regular interferences characterized with high frequency. In this paper, Gaussian filter for processing seismic waves is used to retain low-frequency trend of breakthrough curves and remove away high-frequency fluctuations. At first, the mathematical fundamental of the filter is introduced. Then the filter is applied to process four breakthrough curves measured in laboratory experiments, in which Gaussian parameter is set to be 0.2 and 0.5. Finally, a breakthrough curve in field test is processed with different Gaussian parameters. The results demonstrate how the parameter controls the cutting-off frequency and the filter is well controllable and very efficient in acquiring the primary trend of the curves.Key words: Gaussian filter; convolution; breakthrough curves, cutting-off frequency, noises.Analiza sledilnih krivulj z Gaussovimi filtriSledilne krivulje (krivulja časovne odvisnosti koncentracije povrnjenega sledila) v hidrogeologiji so podobno kot seizmogrami v geofiziki obremenjene z nezaželenimi visokofrekvenčnimi šumi in interferencami. V tem članku uporabimo Gaussov filter, primarno namenjen obdelavi seizmičnih podatkov, za odstanitev visokofrekvenčnih šumov iz sledilnih krivulj. Najprej predstavimo matematične osnove filtriranja, potem Gaussov filter z parametrom 0,2 in 0,5 uporabimo na štirih sledilnih krivuljah, dobljenih v laboratorijskih pogojih. Na koncu z različnimi Gaussovimi parametri obravnavamo sledilno krivuljo, dobljeno pri sledenju v naravi. Z rezultati prikažemo vpliv izbranih parametrov na mejno frekvenco ter prilagodljivost , učinkovitost in uporabnost filtra za izluščenje primarnih značilnosti sledilnih krivulj.Ključne besede: Gaussov filter, konvolucija, sledilne krivulje, mejne frekvence, šum.
Exposition in Stone Forest National Park: international cooperation between Slovenia and China in research and development of Stone Forest UNESCO Global Geopark
Authors: Mulec Janez
Published: December 2019

Informal cooperation between Slovenian and Chinese karstologists started as early as 1980's, but the main boost was initiated after 1995 in the frame of several national and international projects. Fruitful long-term cooperation between the Karst Research Institute, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and Yunnan Institute of Geography, Yunnan University, successfully culminated in many joint research efforts, among which the research in Stone Forest (Shilin) in South China Karst was the most apparent one.
Caracterización quimioestratigráfica y facies carbonatadas de una plataforma ediacárica, Formación de Tamengo, Grupo de Corumbá: resultados preliminares
Authors: Ramos M. E.A.F. , Giorgioni M. , Do Carmo D. A. , Walde D. H.G. , Guimarães E. M. , Fazio G. , Vieira L. C. , Denezine M. , Santos R. V. , Adorno R. R.
Published: December 2019

Este estudio presenta una actualización del registro isotópico de la Formación de Tamengo, parte superior del Grupo Corumbá, que se encuentra en la parte meridional del Cinturón Paraguayo. Este trabajo incluye cortes estratigráficos detallados enlazados con la geoquímica de alta resolución δ13C y δ18O de dos yacimientos mineros cercanos a Corumbá (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil).
El mercado de seguros en Cuba, siglo XIX
Authors: Cruz Pasos Rosell
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo evidencia la existencia de un mercado de seguros en La Habana durante el siglo XIX, integrado por 78 compañías de seguros que especularon en esta plaza: 36 españolas (61% fundadas en La Habana) y 42 extranjeras, lo que duplica la cantidad anteriormente reportada. El estudio se ha sustentado en una revisión exhaustiva de documentos publicados mientras ocurrían los acontecimientos narrados: los datos oficiales remitidos al Ministerio de Ultramar o las normas jurídicas emitidas por la administración de la isla. También en obras posteriores que tratan acontecimientos que tuvieron influencia sobre el desarrollo de la industria azucarera y el comercio en la isla. Desarrollo que impulsó, a su vez, la necesidad de utilizar el seguro para afianzar aquella aventura económica.
Soft news stories exchange between South and North of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Larbi MEGARI , Fayçal IZEDAREN
Published: December 2019

Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes penchés sur la nature du flux d’informations partagées entre 10 pays méditerranéens par l’intermédiaire de leurs sociétés publiques de diffusion. Nous avons choisi 5 pays du nord de la mer Méditerranée et 5 autres pays du sud. Cet échange de nouvelles a eu lieu dans le cadre de l’échange d’informations méditerranéen, qui fait partie du principal échange d’informations suivi par l’Union Européenne des Radiodiffuseurs (UER).
Promouvoir l’apprentissage des langues en ÉcosseExemple d’un projet scolaire qui valorise les identités plurilingues
Authors: Pedley Malika
Published: December 2019

L’article pose les jalons d’une enquête menée en Écosse entre 2015 et 2016. Mother Tongue Other Tongue est un concours de poésie multilingue inscrit dans une démarche de promotion de l’apprentissage des langues à l’école. En exposant et en valorisant la réalité multilingue locale, toutes langues confondues, nous faisions l’hypothèse que ce concours permet aux enfants d’adopter une approche plus positive et inclusive des langues en situation minoritaire ; une vision nécessaire pour l’apprentissage des langues dans un monde où la mobilité est un phénomène de plus en plus courant et de plus en plus complexe.
Vieux démons, nouveaux défis dans l’enseignement des langues
Authors: Martinez Pierre
Published: December 2019

Ce texte met un trajet personnel, professionnel et scientifique, en regard avec celui qu’a connu depuis plusieurs décennies la Didactique des Langues Étrangères et Secondes. Dans un même mouvement, des points de vue – épistémologie, disciplines, ingénierie, contextes – et des horizons linguistiques et culturels de nature à les éclairer sont présentés. Trois révolutions ont impacté le domaine : sciences du langage, sciences humaines et sociales, technosciences cognitives et informatiques. Mon hypothèse actuelle est que seule une didactique de mise en réseaux (« réticulaire »), appuyée sur le numérique, peut structurer une éducation en langues intégrative et cohérente.
L’Espagne et le Parti Socialiste Ouvrier Espagnol face aux défis environnementaux (1982-1986)
Authors: Marin Vincent
Published: December 2019

En Espagne, les enjeux écologiques furent pris en compte assez tardivement par les responsables politiques. Les premières politiques publiques menées en la matière furent celles mises en œuvre par le premier gouvernement socialiste de l’Espagne démocratique, conduit par Felipe González entre 1982 et 1986. L’influence de la Communauté Économique Européenne est déterminante pour comprendre les différentes mesures en faveur de l’environnement impulsées par le Parti Socialiste Ouvrier Espagnol, dont le corps doctrinal et programmatique n’avait jusqu’alors que très peu intégré les problématiques écologiques
L’écologie contre l’Humanisme
Authors: Morizot Baptiste
Published: December 2019

La pensée écologique formule depuis son origine une critique de l’anthropocentrisme. Or celui-ci est pris dans un amalgame avec l’idée d’humanisme, qui pousse certains à critiquer l’écologie comme anti-humaniste. Et si cet amalgame était infondé ? On voudrait ici tenter de désincarcérer l’humanisme de l’anthropocentrisme, et montrer que, dans une ontologie des relations, le concept d’humanisme nécessite une formulation écologique
Paths of Glory. Aux croisements de l’Histoire
Authors: Puget Clément
Published: December 2019

Paths of Glory, adaptation filmique du roman éponyme de Humphrey Cobb, dont les 60 ans sont célébrés en 2017, n’est pas un énième film relatant la Grande Guerre. Non, c’est d’abord une œuvre qui déjà se retourne sur la jeune carrière de son auteur, en 1957, faisant écho au tout début de son premier film de long-métrage, Fear and Desire (1953). Mais au-delà de cet évident rapport, c’est celui du film aux événements historiques et à leur historiographie qui fait tout l’intérêt du 4e opus de Stanley Kubrick dans lequel humanisme, précision historienne et ironie macabre se croisent à la fois « hors de l’histoire » (si l’on pense aux anachronismes et invraisemblances du récit) mais également tout en poursuivant l’esquisse du simulacre de guerre dont les « contours immuables de la peur, du doute et de la mort » sont les plus évidents stigmates d’un réel passé qui interroge le cinéaste.
IKIP Negatively Regulates NF-κB Activation and Inflammation through Inhibition of IKKα/β Phosphorylation
Authors: Wu Haifeng , Liu Hansen , Zhao Xueying , Zheng Yi , Liu Bingyu , Zhang Lei , Gao Chengjiang
Published: December 2019

Stringent regulation of the transcription factor NF-κB signaling is essential for the activation of host immune responses and maintaining homeostasis, yet the molecular mechanisms involved in its tight regulation are not completely understood. In this study, we report that IKK-interacting protein (IKIP) negatively regulates NF-κB activation. IKIP interacted with IKKα/β to block its association with NEMO, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and the activation of NF-κB. Upon LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β stimulation, IKIP-deficient macrophages exhibited more and prolonged IKKα/β phosphorylation, IκB, and p65 phosphorylation and production of NF-κB–responsive genes. Moreover, IKIP-deficient mice were more susceptible to LPS-induced septic shock and dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis. Our study identifies a previously unrecognized role for IKIP in the negative regulation of NF-κB activation by inhibition of IKKα/β phosphorylation through the disruption of IKK complex formation.
Elevated Choline Kinase α–Mediated Choline Metabolism Supports the Prolonged Survival of TRAF3-Deficient B Lymphocytes
Authors: Gokhale Samantha , Lu Wenyun , Zhu Sining , Liu Yingying , Hart Ronald P. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Xie Ping
Published: December 2019

Specific deletion of the tumor suppressor TRAF3 from B lymphocytes in mice leads to the prolonged survival of mature B cells and expanded B cell compartments in secondary lymphoid organs. In the current study, we investigated the metabolic basis of TRAF3-mediated regulation of B cell survival by employing metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic analyses. We compared the polar metabolites, lipids, and metabolic enzymes of resting splenic B cells purified from young adult B cell–specific Traf3−/− and littermate control mice. We found that multiple metabolites, lipids, and enzymes regulated by TRAF3 in B cells are clustered in the choline metabolic pathway. Using stable isotope labeling, we demonstrated that phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was markedly elevated in Traf3−/− mouse B cells and decreased in TRAF3-reconstituted human multiple myeloma cells. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of choline kinase α, an enzyme that catalyzes phosphocholine synthesis and was strikingly increased in Traf3−/− B cells, substantially reversed the survival phenotype of Traf3−/− B cells both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that enhanced phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine synthesis supports the prolonged survival of Traf3−/− B lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that TRAF3-regulated choline metabolism has diagnostic and therapeutic value for B cell malignancies with TRAF3 deletions or relevant mutations.
Obsidian provenance studies in the far eastern and northeastern regions of Russia and exchange networks in the prehistory of Northeast Asia
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V.
Published: December 2019

This overview is based on the results of 25+ years of provenance studies to identify the sources of high-quality volcanic glass (obsidian) in prehistoric cultural complexes of the far eastern and northeastern regions of Russia (Maritime Province, the Amur River basin, Sakhalin Island, the Kurile Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula, Chukotka region, the Kolyma River basin, and the High Arctic), as well as in adjacent parts of Northeast Asia (Hokkaido Island, the Korean Peninsula, and Manchuria). The extended networks of obsidian exchange in antiquity are reconstructed for the southern Russian Far East and Northeastern Siberia. A possible mechanism of long-distance obsidian exchange/trade in Northeastern Siberia is suggested.
Personal adornments from the Eneolithic necropolis of Chirnogi-Suvita Iorgulescu (Romania):
Authors: Margarit Monica , Dimache Madalina
Published: December 2019

The Necropolis of Chirnogi – Suvita Iorgulescu (Calarasi county) was located on the high terrace of the Danube and was investigated by Done Serba˘nescu (in 1989) by means of the archaeological excavations carried out for the construction of the Danube-Bucharest Channel. For this study, we analysed the archaeological assemblage preserved in the Museum of Gumelnita civilization from Oltenita (Calarasi county) coming from 10 graves, out of a total of 58, which are attributed to the Gumelnita culture (the second half of the 5th millennium BC). The personal adornments are mainly bracelets made of Spondylus valve (16 specimens) which appear in most of the graves, along with an equal number of perforated plates made of Sus scrofa canine, this time the pieces being grouped into two graves. The funeral inventory is complemented by small cylindrical, tubular or biconvex beads, made of various raw materials: Spondylus valve, bone, malachite, cooper and green slate. At the technical level, attention is drawn towards the technological transformation scheme of the raw material, which is extremely uniform for the two main categories of ornaments. Also, the analysed pieces showed different degrees of use-wear, demonstrating on the one hand that they were worn before the deposition in graves, and on the other that the accumulationof these items took place over time.
Probable evidence of a Middle Palaeolithic site in the northern parts of the Susiana Plain, Khuzestan, Iran
Authors: Bahramiyan Saeid
Published: December 2019

There is a considerable body of studies regarding the activities of the Pleistocene human population in the Zagros and Alborz regions of Iran, as well as significant progress in the Palaeolithic studies in other regions, such as the foothills, plains and deserts’ margins. However, some of these peripheral regions and foothills are still neglected, and the information about the Palaeolithic period in these areas is limited. Khuzestan province, especially its northern regions, is one of these unstudied regions, yet the limited information about this region seems very interesting. Khervali, located on the western foothills of the Zagros Mountains and on the northern heights of Susa, nearby the western bank of the Karkheh River, is one of the few Palaeolithic sites identified in recent years. The site was identified in 2012 and was systemically surveyed. Due to the extension of the site and the distribution of the artefacts, sampling all the site was not feasible, therefore, four sections of the site were chosen for taking the samples and a total of 330 stone artefacts were collected. The results of the techno-typology analyses, as well as the frequency of the flakes, the Levallois samples and different types of scrapers, revealed that the artefacts date to the middle Palaeolithic period, with considerable access to the local raw materials.
The beginning of the Neolithic on the Upper Volga (Russia)
Authors: Tsvetkova Nataliya A.
Published: December 2019

The appearance of the Neolithic in the Upper Volga region is to be associated with infiltrations of notch-ware pottery-makers into the indigenous Mesolithic populations. Most likely the first vessels were imported into the region as final goods. The undistinguished differences between the Final Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic stone industries prove that this invasion was not a largescale one. This episode should be regarded as transitional from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic (i.e., as part of the process of Neolithisation). The non-ornamented/notch-ware ceramics tradition first established in the local cultural environment was soon after discontinued by the appearance of the populations with multi-compound comb-ware pottery about 6500-6400 uncal BP.
Automated Corrosion Detection Using Crowdsourced Training for Deep Learning
Authors: Nash W.T. , Powell C.J. , Drummond T. , Birbilis N.
Published: December 2019

The automated detection of corrosion from images (i.e., photographs) or video (i.e., drone footage) presents significant advantages in terms of corrosion monitoring. Such advantages include access to remote locations, mitigation of risk to inspectors, cost savings, and monitoring speed. The automated detection of corrosion requires deep learning to approach human level intelligence. Training of a deep learning model requires intensive image labeling, and in order to generate a large database of labeled images, crowdsourced labeling via a dedicated website was sought. The website (corrosiondetector.com) permits any user to label images, with such labeling then contributing to the training of a cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) model—with such a cloud-based model then capable of assessing any fresh (or uploaded) image for the presence of corrosion. In other words, the website includes both the crowdsourced training process, but also the end use of the evolving model. Herein, the results and findings from the Corrosion Detector website, over the period of approximately one month, are reported.
Informatie over fraude en naleving van wet- en regelgeving
Authors: Brouwer Arjan , De Vroom Martijn , Van Blijderveen Berry
Published: December 2019

In dit artikel doen we verslag van onderzoek naar de informatieverschaffing over risico’s en mitigerende maatregelen ten aanzien van fraude en overtreding van wet- en regelgeving in het bestuursverslag, het verslag van de raad van commissarissen (rvc) en de controleverklaring. Aanleiding is de maatschappelijke discussie over deze onderwerpen en specifiek de oproep eerder dit jaar van de Vereniging voor Effectenbezitters (VEB) in haar accountantsbrief 2019 (VEB 2019) om de informatieverschaffing over deze onderwerpen te verbeteren.

Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat in minder dan de helft van de bestuursverslagen het frauderisico wordt vermeld als significant risico in de risicoparagraaf of de materialiteitsmatrix (of beide). Risico’s ten aanzien van overtreding van wet- en regelgeving worden door nagenoeg alle ondernemingen gerapporteerd. In het verslag van de raad van commissarissen wordt zelden concreet aandacht besteed aan de wijze waarop de rvc toezicht houdt op de adequate beheersing van risico’s op fraude of overtreding van wet- en regelgeving. Bestuurders en commissarissen lijken derhalve een ander beeld te hebben bij het belang van frauderisico’s voor de onderneming dan stakeholders.

Ongeveer de helft van de ondernemingen die specifieke risico’s rapporteren beschrijft de maatregelen van interne beheersing waarmee het risico wordt gemitigeerd. Andere ondernemingen volstaan met een meer generieke beschrijving van maatregelen die zijn gericht op ethisch gewenst gedrag. Informatie over de verwachte impact van fraude of overtreding van wet- en regelgeving wordt in veel gevallen niet verstrekt.

In de controleverklaring wordt in 64% van de gevallen aandacht besteed aan de werkzaamheden ten aanzien van het frauderisico en bij 18% aan het risico van overtreding van wet- en regelgeving. Hier lijkt een effect zichtbaar van de maatschappelijke aandacht voor de rol van de accountant in het algemeen en ten aanzien van frauderisico’s in het bijzonder. Het resultaat hiervan is dat accountants richting stakeholders in meer gevallen informatie verstrekken over het mitigeren van frauderisico’s dan bestuurders en, vooral, commissarissen van ondernemingen.
Justification of Urgent Brain CT Examinations at Medium Size Hospital, Jerusalem
Authors: Al-Tell Anan
Published: December 2019

We studied requested urgent Brain CT Scan procedures justification. In addition, we addressed referrer’s (physician’s) awareness of radiation risks.  In doing so, we considered two aspects to the issue. First, we reviewed the records of the requested urgent CT scan procedures for a sample of 339 patients at Al-Maqassed Hospital, a major hospital in Palestine. Secondly, we surveyed a sample of forty-two referrer’s from the same hospital to test their awareness of radiation risks. Our study shows that out of the 339 urgent brain CT requests, 69.6% were justified requests and 30.4% were unjustified.  On the other hand, our survey on referrers shows that 42% of respondents knew the effective dose of a brain CT scan, 24% of respondents knew the radiation risks and 14% of respondents knew about radiation protection. Although the study is limited, yet it shows the need to reduce the number of brain CT examinations and the need to improve their justification. Consequently, the need for regular education and guideline implementation at least in this country is of paramount importance
Evaluation of hygroscopic cloud seeding in liquid-water clouds: a feasibility study
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Zhanqing , Jiang Qi , Wang Gaili , Jia Shuo , Duan Jing , Zhou Yuquan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. An airborne cloud seeding experiment was conducted over
the eastern coast of Zhejiang, China, on 4 September 2016 during a major
international event held in Hangzhou. In an attempt to reduce the likelihood
of rainfall onset, a major airborne experiment for weather modification took
place by seeding hygroscopic agents to warm clouds to reduce cloud droplet
size. The effectiveness of seeding is examined, mainly for stratiform clouds
with patchy small convective cells. A radar-domain-index (RDI) algorithm was
proposed to analyze the seeding effect. The threshold strategy and the
tracking radar echo by correlation (TREC) technique was applied in the
domain selection. Factors analyzed include echo reflectivity parameters such
as the mean and maximum echo intensity, the anomaly percentage of the grid
number of effective echoes, the fractional contribution to the total
reflectivities, and the vertically integrated liquid (VIL) water content during
and after the seeding process. About 12 min after seeding ended, the
composite reflectivity of seeded clouds decreased to a minimum (< 10 dBz) and the VIL of seeded clouds was ∼0.2 kg m−3. The echo
top height dropped to ∼3.5 km, and the surface echoes were
also weakened. By contrast, there was no significant variation in these echo
parameters for the surrounding non-seeded clouds. The seeded cell appeared
to have the shortest life cycle, as revealed by applying the cloud-cluster
tracking method. The airborne Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) measured cloud
number concentration, effective diameter, and liquid water content, which gradually
increased after the start of cloud seeding. This is probably caused by the
hygroscopic growth of agent particles and collision–coalescence of small
cloud droplets. However, these parameters sampled at ∼40 min
after seeding decreased significantly, which is probably due to the
excessive seeding agents generating a competition for cloud water and thus
suppressing cloud development and precipitation. Overall, the physical
phenomenon was captured in this study, but a more quantitative in-depth
analysis of the underlying principle is needed.
Application of the shipborne remote sensing supersite OCEANET for profiling of Arctic aerosols and clouds during Polarstern cruise PS106
Authors: Griesche Hannes Jascha , Seifert Patric , Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Barrientos Velasco Carola , Bühl Johannes , Engelmann Ronny , Radenz Martin , Zhenping Yin
Published: December 2019

Abstract. From 25 May to 21 July 2017, the research vessel Polarstern performed the cruise PS106 to the high Arctic in the region north and northeast of Svalbard. PS106 contributed observations for the initiative "Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3" which involves numerous projects aiming on understanding the role of atmospheric and surface processes in the ongoing rapid changes in the Arctic climate. As one of the central facilities of (AC)3, the mobile remote sensing platform OCEANET was deployed aboard Polarstern. Within a single container, OCEANET houses state-of-the-art remote sensing equipment, including a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar PollyXT and a 14-channel microwave radiometer HATPRO. For the cruise PS106 the measurements were supplemented by a motion-stabilized 35-GHz cloud radar Mira-35. This paper describes the treatment of technical challenges which were immanent during the deployment of OCEANET in the high Arctic. This includes the description of the motion stabilization of the cloud radar Mira-35 to ensure vertical-stare observations aboard the moving Polarstern. Also, low-level clouds and the presence of fog frequently prevented a continuous analysis of cloud conditions from synergies of lidar and radar within Cloudnet, because the technically determined lowest detection height of Mira-35 was 165m above sea level. To overcome this obstacle, an approach for identification of the cloud presence solely based on data from the near-field receiver of PollyXT at heights from 50m and 165m above sea level is presented. In addition, we provide an overview of the data processing chain of the OCEANET observations and demonstrate case studies of aerosol and cloud studies to introduce the capabilities of the dataset. The retrieval of aerosol optical and microphysical properties from the observations of PollyXT is presented by means of observations performed during the ice floe camp. Synergies between the remote sensing instruments and auxiliary observations from aboard Polarstern were analyzed by means of Cloudnet which provides as primary output a target classification mask. This target classification is the basis for value-added products such as liquid- and ice-cloud microphysical properties, cloud dynamics which can in subsequent steps be used as input for the investigation of cloud microphysical processes, radiative transfer calculations, or model evaluation. To this end, new approaches for ice crystal effective radius and eddy dissipation rates have been implemented into Cloudnet.
Distinguishing between early and late covering crops in the land surface model Noah-MP: Impact on simulated surface energy fluxes and temperature
Authors: Bohm Kristina , Ingwersen Joachim , Milovac Josipa , Streck Thilo
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Land surface models are essential parts of climate and weather models. The widely used Noah-MP land surface model requires information on the leaf area index (LAI) and green vegetation fraction (GVF) as key inputs of its evapotranspiration scheme. The model aggregates all agricultural areas into a land use class termed Cropland and Pasture. In a previous study we showed that, on a regional scale, GVF has a bimodal distribution formed by two crop groups differing in phenology and growth dynamics: early covering crops (ECC, ex.: winter wheat, winter rapeseed, winter barley) and late covering crops (LCC, ex.: corn, silage maize, sugar beet). That result can be generalized for Central Europe. The present study quantifies the effect of splitting the land use class Cropland and Pasture of Noah-MP into ECC and LCC on surface energy fluxes and temperature. We further studied the influence of increasing the LCC share, which in the study area (the Kraichgau region, southwest Germany) is mainly the result of heavily subsidized biomass production, on energy partitioning at the land surface. We used the GVF dynamics derived from high-resolution (5 m × 5 m) RapidEye satellite data and measured LAI data for the simulations. Our results confirm that GVF and LAI strongly influence the partitioning of surface energy fluxes, resulting in pronounced differences between ECC and LCC simulations. Splitting up the generic crop into ECC and LCC had the strongest effect on land surface exchange processes in July–August. During this period, ECC are at the senescence growth stage or already harvested, while LCC have a well-developed, ground-covering canopy. The generic crop resulted in humid bias, i.e. an increase of evapotranspiration by +0.5 mm d−1 (LE: 1.3 MJ m−2 d−1), decrease of H by 1.2 MJ m−2 d−1 and decrease of surface temperature by −1 °C. The bias increased as the shares of ECC and LCC became similar. The observed differences will impact the simulations of processes in the planetary boundary layer. Increasing the LCC share from 28 to 38 % in the Kraichgau region led to a decrease of LE and a heating up of the land surface in the early growing season. Over the second part of the season, LE increased and the land surface cooled down by up to 1 °C.