bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of patient–physician empathy in telehealth and traditional in-person visits
Authors: Jabour Abdulrahman M
Published: December 2024

Background

The rise of telemedicine has brought significant changes to patient care, especially regarding the experience of empathy and connection during consultations. Understanding how telemedicine compares to in-person visits in terms of patient–physician interactions and the perception of empathy is crucial for optimizing telehealth services.

Objectives

This study aims to compare patient–physician interaction ratings between telemedicine and in-person visits across the 10 items of the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure. Additionally, it seeks to identify any significant differences in interaction ratings between male and female patients within these contexts.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 320 participants who had either telemedicine or in-person consultations. Participants were assigned to the telehealth or in-person group based on the type of consultation they experienced. The CARE measure was utilized to capture patient's perspective of the quality of the interaction. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the ratings between the two groups.

Results

The study found no significant differences in overall CARE measure ratings between telemedicine and in-person visits. However, male patients reported higher satisfaction with telemedicine on several items compared to in-person visits, whereas female patients showed no significant differences in their ratings.

Conclusions

Telemedicine is as effective as in-person visits in maintaining high-quality patient–physician interactions. The findings also suggest gender-specific preferences that could inform the optimization of telemedicine practices. Further research is recommended to explore these differences in more diverse populations.
Exploring the Initiatives to Incorporate Immigrant Teachers into School Systems: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ferrada Quezada Natalia , Flores-Fernández Cherie , Contreras Alvarez Jessica
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to conduct a scoping review of the literature on access and permanence initiatives for the teaching profession aimed at immigrant teachers. The guidelines from the PRISMA-Scr protocol and the Johanna Briggs Institute protocol are used for this purpose. The literature search was performed in 8 databases, selecting 27 documents published between 2006 and 2021. The results show numerous studies on immigrant teachers, but many of them focused on their experiences after having passed an access and permanence initiative, while only a few described them. Three main initiatives for immigrant teachers were found: recertification, attraction, and professional development. Recertification initiatives are the most studied initiatives. No publications made in Ibero-American countries were found. There is a need to create partnerships and networks among researchers and policy makers to support countries that do not have initiatives for immigrant teachers. In addition to injecting resources for initiatives related to the retention and professional development of immigrant teachers, to avoid the loss of valuable human resources that are in short supply.
Analyzing Employee Perception of Good Governance in Municipal Governments by Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Oncu Ali , Ozsaglam Muhittin Tolga , Eminer Fehiman
Published: December 2024

The understanding of good governance (GG), which was put into practice in the 1980s and gained global popularity rapidly, started to be discussed for Northern Cyprus (NC) in the 2000s. This research aims to analyze the implementation of GG principles and, the data was collected primarily from employees of the six municipalities of NC. GG as perceived by employees who are providers of local services and the factors that affect the perception of GG are analyzed with structural equation modeling. Findings indicate that there are differences in the perception of GG among the municipalities. Structural equation model shows that education and income level of employees has an impact on the perceived GG. This shows that financial status of the municipalities affects good governance indicators. As a result, it is important for the local governments to solve their financial problems while implementing good governance practices.
Application of Management Accounting Tools and Enterprise Value Creation Based on the Value Chain
Authors: Sha XiuJuan
Published: December 2024

Management accounting is an important technical and methodological system embedded in organizations for predicting variability and making business decisions, and it plays a positive role in promoting enterprise value creation. This study examined the influence of the application of management accounting tools on enterprise value creation from a value chain perspective. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey, and hypothesis testing was conducted using structural equations. The research results show that the application of different management accounting tools in different links of the value chain have different impact on the value creation of the company’s internal operations and the enterprise customers. There is a significant positive correlation between value creation in Internal operation, value creation in customers, and value creation in finance.

JEL Classification Numbers: J31, J41, J71.
One Model or Six Models in Video Presentations When Viewing Alone and in Pairs?
Authors: Xu Feng , Xia Qiudong , Li Minxue , Dai Jie , Pi Zhongling , Zheng Zheng
Published: December 2024

The current study examined the interaction effect of the number of models in videos and viewing type on the acquisition of a Tabata skill, a four-minute high-intensity interval training. We randomly recruited 316 Chinese undergraduate students (162 females and 154 males). They viewed either one model presentation or six models presentation under one viewing type (viewing alone vs. viewing in pairs). We found that for learners who viewed alone, those learning from the video with six models perceived higher levels of social presence, parasocial interaction, social partnership with models, motivation, learning satisfaction, and attention than those learning from the video with one model. The findings have some implications for the design of video presentations to teach motor skills: teachers are encouraged to design effective video presentations via presenting models and create co-viewing learning contexts to enhance learning experience and outcomes.
Does Digital-Intelligence Contribute to Carbon Emission Reduction? New Insights from China
Authors: Hou Jian , Kang Wei , Li Yao , Liang Shuming , Geng Shuaishuai
Published: December 2024

Digital-intelligence plays an important role in transforming the energy consumption structure and promoting the emission reduction process. To explore the relationship between digital-intelligence and regional carbon emissions, we assume that there is a differential impact in carbon emission reduction effects, given the obvious differences in regional green technology innovation during the development of digital-intelligence in China. Thus, we systematically construct a new digital-intelligence system definition and include the heterogeneous threshold of green technology innovation in the relationship of the impact of digital-intelligence on carbon emissions by using a nonlinear dynamic threshold model. The results show that the development of regional digital-intelligence in China exhibits a relatively stable upward trend, and there is heterogeneity among regions. Interestingly, there is a significant heterogeneous threshold effect from green technology innovation between digital-intelligence and carbon emissions. A lower level of green technology innovation will increase the carbon emission effect of digital-intelligence to a certain extent, but when green technology innovation increases and exceeds a threshold, digital-intelligence is able to dramatically inhibit regional carbon emissions. Our research answers the question of how to achieve digital-intelligence transformation through green technology innovation and reduce total regional carbon emissions and provides new insights for developing countries to curb carbon emissions.
Health Consequences of Entrepreneurship in China: Evidence from Individual Fixed Effects Estimates
Authors: Sun Skylar Biyang , Ning Jing , Yuan Ke , Zhao Xiaohang , Gong Hongling
Published: December 2024

A plethora of research has focused on the economic outcomes of Chinese entrepreneurs, but few have analyzed their life outcomes, especially health consequences. Our research aims to understand entrepreneurial health by exploring the causality between entrepreneurship and health outcomes in the Chinese context. We extracted five waves of data from a nationally representative dataset, that is, the China Family Panel Survey (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018), to explore the causal relation. To solve the potential health selection in entrepreneurship, we applied a linear fixed-effects model to extract the causal relationship. In addition, with a nested design, we explored the mechanisms in the causal process. For self-rated health, self-employed people (β = .0696, p < .01) had significantly better self-rated health than employees. And employers (β = .113, p < .01) had even higher self-rated health. Job satisfaction and social status are effective mediators in this causal relation. For life satisfaction, employers (β = .191, p < .001) had a significantly higher life satisfaction than employees, while self-employed people have similar life satisfaction as employees. Job satisfaction and social status were effective mediators in this causal relationship. For mental health, while self-employed people were not significantly different from employees in terms of mental health, employers displayed a much lower mental wellbeing level than self-employed people or employees. Job satisfaction was an effective mediator in this causal relation, not social status. Our results showed that, similar to previous findings in Western countries, entrepreneurship would benefit one’s physical health and subjective wellbeing while worsening one’s mental health. Both job satisfaction and subjective social status were valid mechanisms in the process. Entrepreneurship exerts a significant influence on one’s health outcomes. The result implied that the government should implement supporting measures to alleviate entrepreneurial stress instead of only focusing on financial stress.
Does Intra-Operative Methylprednisolone Improve Outcomes of Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy? - A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Basu Saumyajit , Gohil Kushal , Singh Sanjit , Biswas Amitava , Sarangi Trinanjan , Palit Mainak
Published: December 2024

Study design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

In this study, we hypothesize administering fixed-dose intravenous steroid (Methylprednisolone) intraoperatively would reduce neuroinflammation and enhance functional and radiological outcomes in decompressive surgeries for DCM. Primary objectives were to assess effect of intraoperative MP on modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score, Nurick grade, and MRI signal changes.

Methods

This prospective triple-blinded randomized controlled trial included 65 patients allocated into MP (n = 33) and control (n = 32) groups. MP (dose-1g) was administered intraoperatively at the beginning of decompression. Clinical outcome measures included mJOA score, Nurick grading, mJOA recovery rate (mJOA RR), Nurick recovery rate (NRR), and complication rates in both groups at 1-, 3-and 24-month follow-up. Radiological outcome was assessed by analyzing regression of T2W and T1W SI changes on MRI scans as per Chen’s grading at 24-months follow-up.

Results

MP group exhibited greater improvement in mJOA scores at 24-months (mean improvement: +6.69 vs +6.42; difference: +0.27, 95% CI: −0.37 to +0.91) but was statistically insignificant ( P = .107). Similarly, mJOA-RR showed a moderate effect size of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.80) and 0.37 (95% CI: −0.01 to 0.75) at 1-and 3-months follow-up respectively. NRR improvements were observed, with effect sizes of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.78) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.87) at 1- and 3-months respectively, but not statistically significant ( P = .28). At 24-months, MP group had significantly better MRI outcome (Chen grading: mean change +1.15 vs +0.83; effect size: −0.71, 95% CI: −1.09 to −0.33; P = .038).Complication rates were comparable between both groups, emphasizing safety of MP administration.

Conclusion

Although null hypothesis was not proven, intraoperative MP administration in DCM surgery demonstrated safety and suggested potential neuroprotective benefits to enhance clinical recovery and reduce spinal cord signal changes. However, further large-scale, multicentric studies are needed to validate these findings and optimize its dose.
Application of 3D printing for rod bending in long construct percutaneous pedicle screw fixation spinal surgery
Authors: Lee Tsz Ching , Chan Tsang Tung , Tsang Chin Yeung , Cheung Chun Chuen , Cheung Pak Hang
Published: December 2024

A rod-and-pedicle screw construct is a common and effective surgical technique in posterior spinal instrumentation. Percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) systems can be used in various conditions such as degenerative conditions, trauma, and malignancy. Compared to traditional open surgery, minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is proposed to have the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, lower iatrogenic injury, wound complication rate, and a quicker return to daily activities. However, the contouring of rods has long been a technical challenge, especially for long constructs. Several technologies have been described to overcome this surgical difficulty, including utilizing a computer assisted method and augmented reality method for rod bending. In this article, we describe a novel technique to obtain patient-specific, prebend rods preoperatively by applying three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in a case of PPS fixation in MISS. This could save operation time and provide an alternative method for rod bending, in particular when other methods are not available. To our best knowledge, the implementation of 3D printing technology for rod-bending in minimally invasive spine surgery has never been reported before.
Individual Differences Underlying Preference for Processing Delay in Open-Fit Hearing Aids
Authors: Súsonnudóttir Borgný , Kowalewski Borys , Stiefenhofer Georg , Neher Tobias
Published: December 2024

In open-fit digital hearing aids (HAs), the processing delay influences comb-filter effects that arise from the interaction of the processed HA sound with the unprocessed direct sound. The current study investigated potential relations between preferred processing delay, spectral and temporal processing abilities, and self-reported listening habits. Ten listeners with normal hearing and 20 listeners with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing impairments participated. Using a HA simulator, delay preference was assessed with a paired-comparison task, three types of stimuli, and five processing delays (0, 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 ms). Spectral processing was assessed with a spectral ripple discrimination (SRD) task. Temporal processing was assessed with a gap detection task. Self-reported listening habits were assessed using a shortened version of the ‘sound preference and hearing habits’ questionnaire. A linear mixed-effects model showed a strong effect of processing delay on preference scores ( p < .001, η2 = 0.30). Post-hoc comparisons revealed no differences between either the two shortest delays or the three longer delays (all p > .05) but a clear difference between the two sets of delays ( p < .001). A multiple linear regression analysis showed SRD to be a significant predictor of delay preference ( p < .01, η2 = 0.29), with good spectral processing abilities being associated with a preference for short processing delay. Overall, these results indicate that assessing spectral processing abilities can guide the prescription of open-fit HAs.
The Relationship of Pitch Discrimination with Segregation of Tonal and Speech Streams for Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Camarena Andres , Ardis Matthew , Fujioka Takako , Fitzgerald Matthew B. , Goldsworthy Raymond L.
Published: December 2024

Cochlear implant (CI) users often complain about music appreciation and speech recognition in background noise, which depend on segregating sound sources into perceptual streams. The present study examined relationships between frequency and fundamental frequency (F0) discrimination with stream segregation of tonal and speech streams for CI users and peers with no known hearing loss. Frequency and F0 discrimination were measured for 1,000 Hz pure tones and 110 Hz complex tones, respectively. Stream segregation was measured for pure and complex tones using a lead/lag delay detection task. Spondee word identification was measured in competing speech with high levels of informational masking that required listeners to use F0 to segregate speech. The hypotheses were that frequency and F0 discrimination would explain a significant portion of the variance in outcomes for tonal segregation and speech reception. On average, CI users received a large benefit for stream segregation of tonal streams when either the frequency or F0 of the competing stream was shifted relative to the target stream. A linear relationship accounted for 42% of the covariance between measures of stream segregation and complex tone discrimination for CI users. In contrast, such benefits were absent when the F0 of the competing speech was shifted relative to the target speech. The large benefit observed for tonal streams is promising for music listening if it transfers to separating instruments within a song; however, the lack of benefit for speech suggests separate mechanisms, or special requirements, for speech processing.
Laypeople's Perspective on Physician Work-Hour Restrictions in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fujikawa Hirohisa , Haruta Junji
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to examine laypeople's perspectives on the impending implementation of physician work-hour restrictions in Japan, which had received limited research attention. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study in January 2024. The participants were monitors of an internet survey company who responded to closed questions regarding the expected effect of work-hour regulations, along with an open-ended question regarding their expectations or concerns about these restrictions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for closed questions and content analysis for the open-ended questions. The study included 484 laypeople. A significant portion (25.4%) was unaware of the scheduled start of work-hour restrictions. Approximately half of the participants had a neutral view of the overall impact of the restrictions. Content analysis of the open-ended responses identified 130 (60.2%) comments as “expectations” and 70 (32.4%) as expressing “concerns,” with a notable number of comments deemed to indicate that the respondents were “unsure” or found the changes “irrelevant” to them. This study indicates a substantial gap between the views of physicians and laypeople on this issue.
Mixed Methods Analysis of Caregiver Satisfaction With the Early Autism Evaluation Hub System
Authors: Martin Ann Marie , Huskins Jordan , Paxton Angela , Nafiseh Amira , Ciccarelli Mary R. , Keehn Brandon , McNally Keehn Rebecca
Published: December 2024

Community-based methods for autism evaluation may be one solution for ameliorating delays in diagnosis, which are exacerbated for children from minoritized backgrounds. However, limited research has examined caregiver satisfaction with community-based models of autism evaluation. Thus, our objective was to use a mixed-methods approach to investigate caregiver satisfaction with their child's autism evaluation conducted across a statewide system of primary care autism diagnosis. Results indicated overall high satisfaction and no significant differences were found between satisfaction total scores nor caregiver stress and any child/family demographic variables. Satisfaction and stress were also not related to autism diagnostic outcome, clinician diagnostic certainty, or diagnostic accuracy. Qualitative suggestions for evaluation improvement include more thorough explanation of diagnosis and service recommendations. Overall, our findings indicate high caregiver satisfaction with multiple dimensions of community-based autism evaluation in the primary care setting, suggesting this may be a feasible and sustainable model that caregivers find acceptable.
Overview of ICU Nurses’ Knowledge and Need Assessment for Instrument to Detect Sick Building Syndrome
Authors: Kurniawati Ninuk Dian , Dewi Yulis Setiya , Wahyuni Erna Dwi , Arifin Hidayat , Poddar Sandeep , AlFaruq Muhammad Fikri , Febriyanti Rofiqa Dwi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) are vulnerable to sick building syndrome (SBS), which can affect their health, performance, and patient safety. Understanding SBS is crucial in healthcare to protect both staff and patients. However, many ICU nurses lack knowledge about this condition and the necessary detection tools.

Objectives

This study aimed to describe ICU nurses’ knowledge about SBS and the need of an instrument to detect the signs and symptoms of SBS.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 100 ICU nurses, recruited through simple random sampling from the Critical Care Indonesia Nurse Association. The study focused on nurses’ knowledge of SBS and the need for an instrument to detect it. Research instruments included basic respondent characteristics, nurses’ knowledge, and the need for an SBS detection tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

The majority of respondents exhibited a good level of knowledge (66%), yet many answered questions incorrectly regarding SBS etiology, symptoms, and effects. This was exemplified by incorrect responses attributing noise and chemicals as causes of SBS, overlooking fatigue as a symptom, and inaccurately assessing the physical effects of SBS. Notably, nurses demonstrated strong knowledge regarding SBS prevention (71%) and treatment (94%). Respondents unanimously supported the necessity of an instrument capable of detecting SBS among ICU nurses (71%), with an electronic instrument being the preferred option over other forms.

Conclusion

ICU nurses possess a good level of knowledge about SBS. It is recommended to develop and investigate an electronic-based instrument for detecting SBS. Additionally, implementing an e-learning educational program could further enhance the knowledge and management of SBS among healthcare professionals.
The Role of Pregnancy Intentions in U.S. Women's Contraceptive and Alcohol Use Behaviors
Authors: Shreffler Karina M. , Roland Alysa , Joachims Christine N. , Croff Julie M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Alcohol use in early pregnancy increases the risk for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Women who engage in heavy drinking and become pregnant when they are not actively trying to conceive are at heightened risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Identifying factors associated with greater risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies is critical for prevention.

Objective

This study explored the odds of contraceptive nonuse and heavy drinking for women trying to conceive or ambivalent about pregnancy as compared to those trying to avoid pregnancy.

Methods

Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the role of pregnancy intentions, including ambivalence, on contraceptive nonuse and heavy drinking among a national sample of 583 sexually active heterosexual women of childbearing age conducted online in 2024.

Results

Results showed that women who are trying to conceive or are ambivalent about pregnancy have higher odds of contraceptive nonuse than women trying to avoid pregnancy (OR = 13.19, p < .01 and OR = 3.56, p < .001, respectively), but no significant differences in heavy alcohol use by pregnancy intention.

Conclusion

Pregnancy intentions are associated with contraceptive nonuse but not heavy alcohol use. Delayed pregnancy recognition among those not actively trying to conceive but also not consistently using an effective form of contraception might place women who are avoiding or ambivalent about pregnancy at heightened risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy.
Investigating Quality of Life, Academic Resilience, and Influential Factors in Nursing Education: A Mixed-Methods Study among Nursing Students
Authors: Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Bajbeir Erada , Almabadi Salwa Amer , Alzebali Nowr Dakhel , Alhubishi Shahad Fawzi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Investigating the correlation between quality of life (QoL) and academic resilience (AR) and understanding their influencing factors is crucial for adequately preparing nursing students to navigate the challenges in their future professional careers.

Objectives

This research aims to investigate the relationship between QoL and AR among nursing students. Additionally, to explore factors influencing these variables from the students’ perspectives.

Methods

A mixed-methods design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data, was conducted at a Saudi nursing college. The quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional design, with a convenience sample of 190 students completing the Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Scale (BBQ) and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30). Simultaneously, qualitative data were collected using open-ended questions to gain insights into the factors influencing their QoL and AR, as well as the role of nursing education. The analysis involved inferential statistics and content analysis.

Results

The study revealed that Saudi nursing students reported a moderate level of both QoL and AR. A significant positive correlation indicates that AR explains around 34.0% of the variation in QoL (p < 0.005). The qualitative data identified various supportive and barrier factors impacting the QoL and AR of nursing students, and students reflected on the significant role of nursing educators and academic advising.

Conclusion

The findings hold implications for interventions such as establishing supportive educational environments, enhancing academic advising, implementing resilience-building and wellness programs, peer support initiatives, and encouraging social engagement—all essential strategies to bolster nursing students’ overall well-being, QoL, and AR.
Identifying and Prioritizing Ethical Challenges in Clinical Services of Patients With Confirmed COVID-19 in Iran's Hospitals
Authors: Keshavarz Mohsen , Mirmoghtadaie Zohrehsadat , Ahmadian Maliheh , Rasouli Davood
Published: December 2024

Aim

Since COVID-19 has set the state of health of the country in an emergency, it is natural that in such circumstances, violation of some principles of professional ethics is inevitable. This study aimed to identify and prioritize ethical challenges in the clinical services of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease in Iran's hospitals.

Design

This study was a mixed method with an exploratory sequential design.

Methods

This study was done in 2 qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, a systematized review was conducted and in the quantitative phase, a questionnaire of 35 questions based on the results of Phase 1 was formulated and completed.

Results

The challenges related to the provider of clinical services (physicians and nurses), the recipients of clinical services (patients), and the organizational challenges had the most significant importance, respectively ( P < .05, χ2 = 6.23).
The meaning of solar energy: Political imaginaries of solar energy in contemporary India
Authors: Girard Bérénice , Shokrgozar Shayan , Sareen Siddharth
Published: December 2024

Since the early 2010s, India has become a global leader in the deployment of solar energy. The country has set ambitious targets, launched several international initiatives, and seen its installed capacity increase sharply. The aim of this paper is threefold: first, to identify the dominant political narratives that legitimate this massive deployment; second, to analyze how these narratives have evolved over time; and finally, to investigate how these narratives frame policymaking and exercise material influence across different scales. To do so, we draw on an analysis of federal political discourses from 2010 onwards as well as on six months of multi-sited fieldwork during 2022–2023. We identify two overarching narratives. The first narrative, “solar nationalism,” posits solar energy development as a national mission aimed toward global green energy leadership. It is synergistic with a certain vision of the nation and with India's desire to brand itself as a leader in environmental protection. The second narrative, “win-win techno-solutionism,” constructs solar energy as an eco-friendly economic opportunity for generating employment and development in rural areas, enhancing expertise, and expanding business horizons. Despite clear differences in emphasis from one political majority to another, the overall continuity of the two narratives throughout the study period is noticeable. We argue that these narratives work to legitimate top-down policymaking, the prioritization of quantitative targets over more qualitative indicators, and the promotion of utility-scale solar plants over other scales of deployment.
The politics of policy change in platform capitalism: A systematic review of the literature on the regulation of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs)
Authors: Sáenz-Leandro Ronald , Fernández-Ardèvol Mireia
Published: December 2024

Recent evidence indicates that the launch and establishment of firms such as Uber and other similar ride-hailing platforms, also known as Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), has not only provoked a technological change for traditional industries such as the taxi sector but also generated policy disruption. An interdisciplinary field around the gig economy is developing on these topics where multiple approaches in political processes converge, opening concerns around the governance of platforms and the possibility of their regulation, where it stands out in the case of urban transportation. This article reviews the scholarly debate around the politics of platform regulation in the ride-hailing market. We conducted a systematic search following the PRISMA methodology, synthesizing the main findings of 26 studies that examine policy responses over regulatory matters involving multiple stakeholders and ride-hailing platforms in diverse cities and countries. We identified four analytical categories throughout the thematic synthesis of the literature: Platform Power, Institutional Arrangements, Political Dynamics, and Ideas and Narratives. The findings show that even when the platform power approach is one of the most appealing and discussed in this literature, policy change is being shaped by several complementary factors, depending on contingent trajectories and institutional legacies where the interaction between governments, platform firms, and civil society brings particular paths for platform governance. Although some of the works reviewed provide geographical variety around the different local and national experiences, very few countries of the Global South are represented in those studies, reflecting the critical need to advance comparatively. We conclude by discussing some limitations and potential implications for future research.
The mediating role of behavioural and socio-structural factors on the association between household wealth and childhood malaria in Ghana
Authors: Habermann Theresa , Wafula Solomon T. , May Jürgen , Lorenz Eva , Puradiredja Dewi Ismajani
Published: December 2024

Background

Children under five continue to bear a disproportionate burden of malaria morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. While the link between socioeconomic position (SEP) and malaria is well established, the causal pathways remain poorly understood, hindering the design and implementation of more targeted structural interventions. This study examines the association between SEP and malaria among children in Ghana and explores the potential mediating role of behavioural and socio-structural factors.

Methods

Data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2022 were analysed. As part of the survey, children were tested for malaria using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and SEP was measured using a household asset-based wealth index. Mediation analysis (MA) using a regression-based approach was performed to assess mediated effects between SEP and malaria in children under five in Ghana through housing quality, educational attainment (EA), long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) use, indoor residual spraying (IRS), and healthcare-seeking behaviour (HSB). Reported are the total natural indirect effects (TNIEs) and the proportion mediated (PM).

Results

Of the 3,884 children included in the survey, 19.4% (757) had malaria. Belonging to a household with high SEP was associated with a 43% lower risk of malaria (Prevalence Ratio, PR = 0.57; 95% Confidence Interval, CI 0.46–0.71). Regarding indirect (mediated) effects, maternal EA of secondary school or higher (OR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.60–0.77; PM = 17.5%), improved housing (OR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.68–0.91, PM = 9.2%), LLIN use (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–0.99, PM = 2.1%) partially mediated the association between SEP and malaria. The combined effect of all three mediators was higher than those in a single mediator or two sequential mediators (with EA as the initial mediator) (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.51–0.68, PM = 25.7%). No evidence of mediation was observed for HSB and IRS.

Conclusion

We found evidence of mediation by EA, housing, LLIN use and IRS, suggesting that current biomedical and behavioural malaria control efforts could be complemented with structural interventions, such as improved housing and education. Future studies that test the effect of different or joint effects of multiple mediators based on prospective designs are recommended to strengthen the evidence.
Factor validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire in a sample of trauma-exposed Colombian adults in the MI-VIDA study
Authors: Robinson Martin , Hanna Donncha , Bloch Natasha , Armour Chérie
Published: December 2024

Background

The ICD-11 introduced a new diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) defined by disturbances in self-organisation in addition to traditional post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the established measure of this construct and has been validated for use in a variety of populations and languages; however, evidence for the measure's use in Latin America is limited.

Aims

This study sought to validate the factor structure of the Latin American Spanish version of the ITQ in a trauma-exposed sample in Colombia.

Method

Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess a range of factor models validated previously, including first- and second-order factor models.

Results

Assessment of fit indices demonstrated that a correlated six-factor model comprised of re-experiencing, avoidance, sense of threat, affect dysregulation, negative self-concept and disturbed relationships provided the best fit for these data. Factor loadings for this model were found to be high and statistically significant.

Conclusion

Results concur with prior research validating the use of alternative language versions of the ITQ internationally, and with the theoretical underpinnings of the CPTSD diagnostic category. The ITQ is therefore a valid measure of CPTSD in this Latin American sample. Further validation research is needed in clinical populations in this region.
Prevalence and treatment of perinatal anxiety: diagnostic interview study
Authors: Ayers Susan , Sinesi Andrea , Meade Rose , Cheyne Helen , Maxwell Margaret , Best Catherine , McNicol Stacey , Williams Louise R. , Hutton Una , Howard Grace , Shakespeare Judy , Alderdice Fiona , Jomeen Julie ,   the MAP Study Team
Published: December 2024

Background

Anxiety affects around one in five women during pregnancy and after birth. However, there is no systematic information on the proportion of women with perinatal anxiety disorders who want or receive treatment.

Aims

To examine (a) the prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and after birth in a population-based sample, and (b) the proportion of women with anxiety disorders who want treatment and receive treatment.

Method

This study conducted 403 diagnostic interviews in early pregnancy (n = 102), mid-pregnancy (n = 99), late pregnancy (n = 102) or postpartum (n = 100). Participants also completed self-report measures of previous/current mental health problems and desire for treatment at every time point.

Results

The prevalence of anxiety disorders over all time points combined was 19.9% (95% CI 16.1–24.1), with greatest prevalence in early pregnancy (25.5%, 95% CI 17.4–35.1). The most prevalent disorders were obsessive–compulsive disorder (8.2%, 95% CI 5.7–11.3) and generalised anxiety disorder (5.7%, 95% CI 3.7–8.4). The majority of women with anxiety disorders did not want professional help or treatment (79.8%). Most women with anxiety disorders who did want treatment (20.2%) were receiving treatment. The majority of participants with anxiety disorders had a history of mental health problems (64.6%).

Conclusions

Prevalence rates overall are consistent with previous research, lending validity to the findings. However, findings challenge the assumption that everyone with a psychological disorder wants treatment. These findings highlight the importance of relationship-based care, where individual needs and contextual barriers to treatment can be explored.
SWOG S1815: A Phase III Randomized Trial of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Nab-Paclitaxel Versus Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Newly Diagnosed, Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
Authors: Shroff Rachna T. , King Gentry , Colby Sarah , Scott Aaron J. , Borad Mitesh J. , Goff Laura , Matin Khalid , Mahipal Amit , Kalyan Aparna , Javle Milind M. , El Dika Imane , Tan Benjamin , Cheema Puneet , Patel Anuj , Iyer Renuka , Kelley R. Katie , Thumar Jaykumar , El-Khoueiry Anthony , Guthrie Katherine A. , Chiorean E. Gabriela , Hochster Howard , Philip Philip A.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

SWOG S1815 was a randomized, open label phase III trial, evaluating gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, and cisplatin (GAP) versus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) in patients with newly diagnosed advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs).

METHODS

Patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced unresectable or metastatic BTC, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), were randomly assigned 2:1 to either GAP (gemcitabine 800 mg/m
2
, cisplatin 25 mg/m
2
, and nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m
2
intravenously once per day on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle) or GC (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m
2
and cisplatin 25 mg/m
2
intravenously once per day on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle).

RESULTS

Among 452 randomly assigned participants, 441 were eligible and analyzable, 67% with ICC, 16% with GBC, and 17% with ECC. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between GAP versus GC. Median OS with GAP was 14.0 months (95% CI, 12.4 to 16.1) and 13.6 months with GC (95% CI, 9.7 to 16.6); hazard ratio (HR), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.14);
P
= .41. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was similar between groups with median PFS for GAP being 7.5 months (95% CI, 6.4 to 8.5) versus 6.3 months for GC (95% CI, 4.4 to 8.2); HR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.71 to 1.12);
P
= .32. In exploratory subset analyses, the OS and PFS benefits of GAP versus GC treatment were greater in locally advanced disease compared with metastatic disease, although not statistically significant (interaction
P
= .14 for OS and
P
= .17 for PFS). Moreover, GAP versus GC showed greater improvement in PFS among participants with GBC than those with ICC or ECC (interaction
P
= .01), but not OS (interaction
P
= .28).

CONCLUSION

The addition of a taxane in the GAP regimen to the standard gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen did not improve OS in newly diagnosed BTC. More toxicity was encountered with GAP versus GC.
Biological Heterogeneity in Susceptibility to Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Loss: Short- and Long-Term Hip BMD Trajectories
Authors: Hansen Benjamin Bakke , Hass Rubin Katrine , Vind Nielsen Catharina , Frost Nielsen Morten , Hermann Anne Pernille , Abrahamsen Bo
Published: December 2024

Context

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Their effect on bone health is predominantly negative by decreasing bone formation and increasing risk of fractures.

Objective

This work aimed to quantify the short- and long-term changes in total hip bone mineral density (THBMD) after initiating systemic GC treatment in previously GC treatment-naive adults without bone protective agents.

Methods

An observational study was conducted using THBMD data from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Individuals were stratified by sex and tertiles of GC exposure. Individuals not GC-exposed served as a reference group. Routine-care DXA scans were obtained from the main public hospitals servicing the Island of Funen in Denmark. A total of 15 099 adults underwent routine DXA at Odense University Hospital between 2006 and 2021. Data were enriched with Danish national registers. Intervention included systemic GCs (observational data). The short-term outcome included annualized THBMD changes between first 2 DXA scans. The long-term outcome included greater than 5% annualized THBMD loss over a 10-year follow-up.

Results

Strong associations between GC exposure and THBMD loss was found for both outcomes, with larger losses in the middle and upper tertiles of GC exposure. The risk of experiencing greater than 5% annualized THBMD loss was elevated, especially in the first 2 years of initiating GC treatment. There is significant heterogeneity in THBMD responses, with approximately 1 in 5 patients experiencing no nominal bone loss despite receiving upper tertile levels of GC exposure.

Conclusion

The findings confirm the association between initial GC exposure and significant bone loss. The heterogeneity in individual responses emphasizes the need for early monitoring and personalized approaches in managing bone health for patients undergoing GC treatment.
Protein binding in an mRNA 5′-UTR sterically hinders translation
Authors: Felder Simon , Nelson Irma M. , Hatfield Breanne M. , Weeks Kevin M.
Published: December 2024

Structures in the 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs can physically modulate translation efficiency by impeding the scanning ribosome or by sequestering the translational start site. We assessed the impact of stable protein binding in 5′- and 3′-UTRs on translation efficiency by targeting the MS2 coat protein to a reporter RNA via its hairpin recognition site. Translation was assessed from the reporter RNA when coexpressed with MS2 coat proteins of varying affinities for the RNA, and at different expression levels. Binding of high-affinity proteins in the 5′-UTR hindered translation, whereas no effect was observed when the coat protein was targeted to the 3′-UTR. Inhibition of translation increased with coat protein concentration and affinity, reaching a maximum of 50%–70%. MS2 proteins engineered to bind two reporter mRNA sites had a stronger effect than those binding a single site. Our findings demonstrate that protein binding in an mRNA 5′-UTR physically impedes translation, with the effect governed by affinity, concentration, and sterics.
Implementation of mycotoxin binders to enhance immune response and large intestine histopathology against Newcastle disease in vaccinated broiler chickens fed naturally contaminated diet with mixed mycotoxins
Authors: Safitri Erma , Purnobasuki Hery , Lestari Tita Damayanti , Utama Suzanita , Erdhina Merisa Wahyu , Sadida Maulida Ilma , Hestianah Eka Pramyrtha , Al Arif Mohammad Anam , Nidom Chairul Anwar , Mulyati Sri , Rahmahani Jola , Tacharina Martia Rani , Hidanah Sri , Rasad Siti Darodjah , Jang Goo , Takagi Mitsuhiro , Purnama Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad
Published: December 2024

Background In broiler farming, vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) is essential. Nonetheless, during the post-vaccination phase, production may be negatively impacted by mycotoxin contamination in feed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of toxin binders on antibody titer and large intestine histopathology after ND vaccination in broiler with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) toxication. Methods A total of 20 broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 5 replications i.e. (C-) broiler groups with basal feed, (C+) broiler groups with AFB1 and OTA feed contamination, (T1) and (T2) broiler groups with exposed AFB1, OTA, and toxin binders as feed additives with dose 1.1 g/kg and 1.6 g/kg feed, respectively. ND vaccination was carried out on day 7 and 21. Antibody titers were evaluated from serum samples of broiler on days 14, 28, and 35 for further hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Histopathology of the cecum and colon organs was evaluated using HE staining on day 36. HI test and histological scoring were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s test with a p < 0.05 in SPSS v.26 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results As a result, histopathological improvement of the cecum and colon was reported based on mucosal rupture, hemorrhage and necrosis on day 35. An increase in the mean antibody titer compared to days 14 and 28 was observed on day 35, with significant changes observed in serum samples based on the C+ group, which was significantly different from the C- and T2 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study revealed that toxin binder dose of 1.6 g/kg can increase antibody titer and histopathology of cecum and colon in broiler chickens after ND vaccination fed with mycotoxin-contaminated feed.
POLES IN PURSUIT OF ANTIQUITY: EXPLORING THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
Authors: Rekowska Monika
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a curated selection of Polish travellers, facilitating an evaluation of the extent and characteristics of Polish engagement with ancient heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean within the broader context of European exploration. Prior to the formal establishment of archaeology as an academic discipline, first‑hand encounters with antiquity through travel, alongside diverse testimonies and artefact collections, laid the groundwork for the eventual professionalisation of classical archaeology.
ENLARGING THE HEART OF THE ANCIENT CITY: THE GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTIONS IN THE AREA OF THE CENTRAL AGORA OF NEA PAPHOS
Authors: Babucic Nikola , Seifert Martina
Published: December 2024

Since 2015, the University of Hamburg has been conducting geophysical investigations in the Archaeological site of Nea Paphos in order to document archaeological finds and reconstruct a more accurate picture of the ancient city. One focus of this work was the investigations carried out between 2015 and 2017 on the central agora of the city. The paper summarises the geophysical and archaeological work carried out between 2015 and 2023, which led to a revised picture of the size of the agora. The study highlights the synergies and challenges of combining geophysical methods to enhance understanding of complex archaeological sites.
LATE WEST SLOPE WARE FROM WESTERN TANAIS: REVIEW OF THE LATE HELLENISTIC TABLE POTTERY IMPORTS
Authors: Lech Paweł
Published: December 2024

West Slope Ware and Late West Slope Ware are popular table pottery imports in the Northern Black Sea Coast area. Since the early 20th century, a very limited number of new papers have been dedicated to the distribution of this type of pottery found in the Black Sea area or the broader Eastern Mediterranean region. This paper aims to showcase examples of Late West Slope Ware imports to ancient Tanais – a Greek colony situated in the estuary of the modern Don River (ancient Τάναϊς).