bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nasal Schwannoma
Authors: Singhal Surinder K , Gulati Ankit , Gupta Nitin , Singh Mugdha
Published: February 2021

Introduction
A schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath tumuor of myelinated nerves arising  from Schwann cells. In the head and neck region, the most common site is the eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear). Only 4% of schwannomas seen in the head and neck region arise from the nose and paranasal sinuses involving branches of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic or maxillary) or from the autonomic nervous system.
 
Case Report
A 29 year old female patient presented to the Ear, Nose and Throat Out Patient Department with the complaints of left sided nasal obstruction and left sided nasal bleed. On anterior rhinoscopy, a single, smooth, greyish, non-pulsatile polypoidal mass was seen in the left nasal cavity seeming to be arising medial to middle turbinate. A provisional diagnosis of benign nasal mass was made and the patient underwent excision under general anaesthesia. On histopathology, an impression of Schwannoma was made.
 
Discussion
Sino-nasal schwannomas are a very rare entity with non specific imaging studies. A confirmatory diagnosis can be made only after histopathology. The treatment modality of choice is surgical excision of the mass, taking care to leave no residual, so as to prevent a recurrence.
Alteration in Status of Olfaction amongst COVID 19 Patients: A Descriptive Study in a Dedicated COVID Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Mukherjee Monoj , Ray Anupam , Mohanty Arpita , Paul Sekhar
Published: February 2021

Introduction
COVID 19 patients present with symptoms of respiratory tract infection as it is caused by SARS Cov-2 which is a β corona virus. A significant number of patients may complain of changes in olfaction either at the onset or later. The incidence, severity and recovery from anosmia/hyposmia varies in different patients. This study was done to investigate the effect of COVID 19 on olfactory dysfunction in the Indian population.
Materials & Methods
100 patients admitted with RT-PCR positive reports for SARS Cov-2, in a dedicated COVID hospital in eastern India, were included in this study. Their olfactory function was estimated by pocket smell test (4 items) during ENT examination at bed side. Recovery from anosmia/hyposmia were noted during follow up visits.
Results
In our study 36% of patients had some alteration in smell.  Out of the 36%, 12% had anosmia and 24% had hyposmia. Chances of complete recovery is more in patients suffering from anosmia than hyposmia.
Conclusion
Changes in smell sensation is a significant marker for screening and diagnosis of cases of COVID 19. Most of the patients recover completely.
Tinjauan Teologis Tentang Gereja Dan Pertumbuhannya Berdasarkan Kitab Kisah Para Rasul
Authors: Sahari Gunar
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This study discusses the Theological Review of the Church and Its Growth Based on the Book of Acts. Researchers used qualitative methods to study this topic. After conducting the research, the researchers concluded that the Acts of the Apostles provided an excellent picture of church growth to serve as the biblical basis for studies of church growth today.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas tentang Tinjauan Teologis Gereja dan Pertumbuhannya Berdasarkan Kitab Kisah Para Rasul. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengkaji topik ini. Setelah melakukan penelitian, maka peneliti memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Kisah Para Rasul memberikan gambaran pertumbuhan gereja yang sangat baik untuk dijadikan dasar Alkitab untuk studi-studi pertumbuhan gereja masa kini.
Pandangan Alkitab Perjanjian Baru Terhadap Praktik Minyak Urapan Pada Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Mau Marthen
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This research examines the New Testament Bible's view of the practice of anointing oil in the church today. In essence, consuming excess oil or oily foods will cause a high cholesterol risk. However, the exposure of the New Testament Bible's view of the practice of anointing oil in the church today under study, especially that oil does not contain cholesterol, but brings about medicine that heals the body, soul, and spirit.

Abstrak: Riset ini mengupas tentang pandangan Alkitab Perjanjian Baru terhadap praktik minyak urapan pada gereja masa kini. Pada hakikatnya kelebihan mengonsumsi minyak atau makanan yang berminyak akan menimbulkan berisiko kolesterol tinggi. Namun, pemamaran pandangan Alkitab Perjanjian Baru terhadap praktik minyak urapan pada gereja masa kini yang diteliti, khususnya minyak tidak mengandung kolesterol, melainkan mendatangkan obat yang menyembuhkan tubuh, jiwa, dan roh.
Recent Case: General Principles and Specific Offences
Authors: Hoctor Shannon
Published: February 2021

None
Addressing violations of international humanitarian law through the international criminal justice system: A criminologist’s contribution
Authors: Sungi Simeon P
Published: February 2021

The international criminal justice system has resorted to criminal sanctions as the sole response to international criminal offending, including international humanitarian law (IHL) violations. While responding to international criminal offending, the international criminal justice system has overly relied on utilitarianist and retributivist assumptions to criminal punishment that assumes the application of criminal law in enforcing compliance to societal norms in order to deter potential norm violators and to induce compliance. Furthermore, correcting criminal behaviour creates a sense of accountability and appeases victims of international humanitarian law violations and other international crimes. Arguments in support of this strategy also posit that it is important to take these steps because it brings a sense of respect to the rule of law or what is popularly known as fighting ‘impunity’. A reflection on the Nuremberg and the Tokyo trials following World War II seems to have influenced the criminalising of war crimes and other international crimes. On the other hand, criminologists over a century now have been studying causes of crime to influence public policy in crime prevention. It is, therefore, imperative to examine the aetiology of international humanitarian law violations through a criminological lens to inform international criminal justice policy on best approaches in responding to international crimes in general and war crimes in particular. The essay examines international humanitarian violations in the Democratic Republic of Congo to find out whether the international criminal justice system’s response to war crimes meet the purported stated goals of the international criminal justice system. The Lubanga case in the DRC situation is informative since it is the first conviction before the International Criminal Court.
L’humanisme italien et les Lumières pétroviennes : le cas de Polydore Virgile d’Urbino
Authors: Domnina Ekaterina
Published: February 2021

Grâce à son Historia Anglica, l’humaniste italien Polydore Virgile d’Urbino (1470-1555) est connu comme l’un des fondateurs de l’historiographie scientifique en Angleterre au XVIe siècle. Cependant, la contribution de Polydore au patrimoine culturel de l’Europe ne se limite pas à cette œuvre. En 1449, lorsqu’il publia son traité encyclopédique De inventoribus rerum, il n’imaginait pas que ce livre allait devenir un instrument de la promotion de la nouvelle politique culturelle russe de Pierre Ier (1689-1725). Jusqu’au début du XIXe siècle, cet ouvrage connut le succès auprès des lecteurs, et semble avoir été largement diffusé. L’article offre un aperçu des causes et des circonstances de la traduction du livre en russe, et présente ses traducteurs. Il s’intéresse enfin à ses lecteurs, appréhendés à travers l’étude de plusieurs exemplaires conservés à la Bibliothèque d’État de Russie et à la Bibliothèque de l’Université d’État de Moscou Lomonossov.
Le pandémonisme dans les Recherches sur la liberté humaine de Schelling
Authors: Hatem Jad
Published: February 2021

Le concept de pandémonisme apparaît dans les Recherches sur la liberté humaine de Schelling en rapport avec l’émanatisme. Que l’être soit entièrement mauvais est une thèse que le philosophe ne saurait admettre. Mais il réserve une place essentielle à la puissance qui voudrait convertir au mal la totalité, Dieu compris. Cette étude examine la notion de Dieu inversé à l’horizon du pandémonisme afin d’en tirer toutes les conséquences.
Incretin as a Pathophysiological Component and Target for Treatment in Youth Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
Authors: Jacob Jordan , Rosenberg Jared , Kim Joon Young
Published: February 2021

Incretin hormones have recently been considered an important pathophysiological factor for T2D in adults and youth due to their role in augmenting insulin secretion (Michaliszyn et al., 2014). It is recognized that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are glucose-dependent hormones released from the gut that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells (Muscelli et al., 2006). Thus, the insulin response to oral glucose is significantly greater than the intravenous (IV) glucose administration response; this is known as the incretin effect (Michaliszyn et al., 2014). To date, adults with T2D demonstrate a remarkable decrease in the incretin effect (Nauck et al., 1986), whereas there is lack of evidence in pediatric populations. The incretin effect is also associated with β-cell glucose sensitivity (βCGS), attesting incretins as a high-promising target for T2D treatment (Michaliszyn et al., 2014). Utilizing GLP-1 receptor agonists can be advantageous as a therapeutic option for both adults and youth (Tamborlane et al., 2019; Vanderheiden et al., 2016; Yeow et al., 2017). While metformin and insulin were the sole treatment options for Y-T2D prior to FDA approval (in 2019) for the use of GLP-1 agonists, a recent RISE (Restoring Insulin Secretion) clinical trial reported disappointing results that both metformin alone and insulin glargine for three months followed by metformin for nine months were not effective in restoring/preserving β-cell function in youth with prediabetes and T2D (RISE Consortium & RISE Consortium Investigators, 2019). On the contrary, the role of GLP-1 and the efficacy of the GLP-1 receptors in T2D signifies a strong target for potential treatment. Additional clinical trials are warranted to see if monotherapy of GLP-1 agonist vs. combined (metformin + liraglutide) therapy is effective to reserve Y-T2D to prediabetes and/or normal state. More importantly, future research should focus on disease prevention rather than treatment to avoid aggressive complications and metabolic degradations of Y-T2D (RISE Consortium & RISE Consortium Investigators, 2019). Altogether, it would be germane to investigate whether lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity, exercise medicine) can improve the incretin effect in conjunction with glycemic control in youth.
Development of a Customized Mobile Application in Sport Education
Authors: Yu Hyeonho , Kulinna Pamela
Published: February 2021

Sport education (SE) aims to help students to be three kinds of sportspersons: (a) a competent sportsperson, (b) a literate sportsperson, and (c) an enthusiastic sportsperson (Siedentop et al., 2020). Experienced teachers reported that SE provided them with time for observing, giving feedback, and praising students individually (Brunton, 2003). However, pre-service teachers may have a hard time using the model because of a lack of full understanding about the curriculum as well as the large amount of time it takes to prepare for seasons (McMahon & MacPhail, 2007). The preparation may be a burden for pre-service teachers if it is their first-time implementing SE (Deenihan & MacPhail, 2013). The appropriate use of technology such as mobile applications (Apps) may provide another vehicle to assist teachers with teaching the SE curricular model. For instance, the season schedules, game scores, individual/team data, and other information can be managed by the Apps. However, very few studies have addressed the integration of Apps into physical education. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to design and develop a customized App named Smart Sports for the SE curricular model and to examine the utility of the App based on physical education teacher education (PETE) students’ feedback. This study provided information regarding how to design and develop a physical education App for effective teaching. Using the customized App in the SE class of a PETE program had a positive effect on teachers’ delivery of the model. Further examination of the integration of technology into other curricular models for physical education are warranted.
Prevalencia de anquiloglosia en neonatos y relación con datos auxológicos del recién nacido o con otras malformaciones o enfermedades asociadas.
Authors: Guinot Jimeno Francisco , Carranza Bagé Natalia , Veloso Durán Ana , Parri Bonet Silvia , Virolés Suñer Maria Mercè
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de anquiloglosia en neonatos del Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell del Principado de Andorra, Europa, así como la relación existente con datos auxológicos u otras malformaciones o enfermedades asociadas. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo poblacional de los recién nacidos durante un período de 8 meses. Se estudiaron once variables: presencia o no de anquiloglosia, tipo de frenillo corto, talla, peso, perímetro craneal, sexo, Rh y grupo sanguíneo, edad gestacional, malformaciones y patologías neonatales asociadas, de forma confidencial y anónima, correlacionándolas para ver si existía alguna asociación entre ellas. Resultados: Un total de 306 recién nacidos fueron incluidos en el estudio (52% varones y 48% mujeres). La prevalencia de anquiloglosia fue del 6,54% (n=20). Del total de varones (159/306), el 8,125% (n=13) presentaban anquiloglosia, mientras que en mujeres (147/306), la prevalencia fue del 4,79% (n=7), sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al sexo (p-valor=0,24). Según la clasificación de Coryllos, el tipo II fue el más frecuente (95% de los casos) y el 4,58% de los lactantes con anquiloglosia exhibieron patología/malformación. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de anquiloglosia en recién nacidos en Andorra, Europa, es similar a la observada por otros autores en investigaciones similares. No se observó asociación entre la presencia o no anquiloglosia y las variables estudiadas.
A FEMINIZAÇÃO DA POBREZA NO BRASIL E SEUS DETERMINANTES
Authors: Souza Virginia de , Penteado Camila , Nascimento Rafaelly do , Raiher Augusta Pelinski
Published: February 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a feminização da pobreza nos anos de 2001 e 2015 no Brasil, identificando os fatores associados a esse processo. Como metodologia, construiu-se uma medida para a pobreza considerando uma abordagem mista (quantitativo e qualitativo), utilizando os dados da Pnad. Na sequência, estimou-se modelos Logit visando identificar os fatores que elevam a probabilidade de se ter a feminização da pobreza no Brasil. O estudo apontou que houve diminuição dos níveis de pobreza no Brasil, para os anos de 2001 e 2015. No entanto, ocorreu um aumento na diferença entre o percentual de domicílios chefiados por mulheres inseridas na pobreza versus os chefiados por homens. Ademais, dentre os determinantes dessa feminização identificou-se a baixa escolaridade, a falta de trabalho, a presença de criança no domicílio, dentre outros fatores, identificando uma maior probabilidade de se inserir nesse processo as mulheres negras/pardas/indígenas da região Norte/Nordeste do Brasil.
La aplicación del modelo de economía circular en Ecuador: Estudio de caso
Authors:   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador, GARABIZA Bella R. , PRUDENTE Evelyn A. ,   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador, QUINDE Kelly N. ,   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador
Published: February 2021

La economía circular se presenta como un modelo basado en la preservación y mejora del capital natural, la optimización del rendimiento de los recursos y mejorar la eficacia del sistema productivo, trayendo consigo beneficios ambientales, sociales y económicos. Tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, la muestra seleccionada estuvo conformada por las empresas: Ecocaucho S.A, Holcim Ecuador y Arca Continental Ecuador. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la labor realizada por estas tres empresas contribuye de manera positiva a la conservación del medioambiente y la dinamización de la economía.
High Performance and Low Latency ECC Processor for Cryptography
Authors: Thokala Mohan Rao
Published: February 2021

Elliptic curve cryptography processor implemented for point multiplication on field programmable gate array. Segmented pipelined full-precision multiplier is used to reduce the latency and also data dependency can be avoided by modifying Lopez-Dahab Montgomery PM Algorithm, results in drastic reduction in the number of clock cycles required. The proposed ECC processor is implemented on Xilinx FPGA families i.e. virtex-4, vitrtex-5, virtex-7.single and three multiplier based designs show the fastest performance compared with reported work individually. Our three multiplier based ECC processor implementation is taking the lowest number of clock cycles on FPGA based design processor.
E-Learning Education System Design
Authors: Malhotra Neetu
Published: February 2021

The impact of pandemic COVID-19 is visible in every sector around the world. The educational services of India as well as world are badly affected by this worldwide pandemic.. It has created very bad impact during lockdown as 32 crore students had stopped to go to their learning centres and learning have been started on online mode during the pandemic phase. At the academic level we have seen leaders tackle the COVID-19 emergency from the strategy .The main objective of this paper, are to assess the impact of covid-19 on education sector and to study the psychological health of students also, the effectiveness of E-learning compared with traditional teaching methodology. According to a study conducted on student engagement in online courses at three different universities. level of Academic challenge, Guest Faculty to students , faculty to student interactions, student to faculty interactions, active and collaborative learning, enriching educational experience among others are used as the study’s benchmark. Their research reveals that students view faculty feedback as the most important and frequent type of interaction between student and faculty and those students also acknowledged a learning benefit associated with working in groups.
Senior high school teachers’ and students’ engagements during the emergency remote teaching (ERT)
Authors: Salayo Juland , Fesalbon Jann Ernest R. , Valerio Lorena C. , Litao Rodrigo A.
Published: February 2021

This quantitative study investigates teachers' and students' perceptions on remote emergency teaching in terms of readiness, attitude, and competence, their significant differences based on their profile, and the significant difference of the respondents' identified variables. Participated by 147 teachers and 409 students of a Senior High School in a comprehensive Catholic university in Manila, results revealed that respondents show their readiness, positive attitude, and competence toward online teaching; however, specific measurements affect student attitude on their online engagement and learning, such as their discomfort and ineffectiveness of this learning modality in producing creativity, interaction, and innovation in e-learning that affects the acquisition of knowledge. Among the respondents' profiles, only their age shows a statistically significant difference, while educational advancement established its significant difference in readiness and competence. Finally, a statistically significant difference between the teachers' and students' readiness, attitude, and competence was evident. Results further proved that behind the sudden shift of the learning environment, the respondents remain positive and resilient in dealing with academic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study further implicates that measuring teachers' and students' readiness, attitude, and competence in different inevitable circumstances remains a significant frame of reference for academic and instructional policy-making.
Utilización del Moodle como un entorno personal de aprendizaje en contexto de Educación Superior: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Maza Córdova Jorge L. , Tusa Jumbo Fernanda
Published: February 2021

Dentro del eje temático Entorno Personal de Aprendizaje Institucional (iPLE) el presente trabajo académico realiza un análisis del concepto “entorno virtual de aprendizaje” bajo la pregunta ¿un Moodle puede ser aplicado como un entorno virtual de aprendizaje en contextos de educación superior?Para responder este problema, empleamos como metodología la técnica de la observación, recolección de datos informativos, lectura comprensiva de textos, cuadros conceptuales y mapas mentales de organización de contenidos. De igual manera realizamos una revisión bibliográfica y documental por revistas indexadas y artículos referidos al tema en bibliotecas digitales. Asimismo empleamos la técnica de la comparación-contraste de varios entornos virtuales de aprendizaje para aplicar en ellos el enfoque Moodle.Como resultado se propone una teoría sustantiva del Moodle que implique el mejoramiento de diseño de interface a nivel gráfico así como distribución de la información, visibilidad y organización de contenidos en dicho entorno, acompañado al uso de las redes sociales.Finalmente el presente artículo infiere que un iPLE es necesario aplicar en los centros de educación superior por su servicio de gratuidad, conjunto de herramientas y grado de interacción personal que promueven estos entornos virtuales (perspectiva pedagógica + perspectiva tecnológica).
Quality and Sensory Evaluation of Ice-Cream Fortified with Calcium
Authors: Rajarajan G. , Annal Villi R. , Mohan B. , Irshad A.
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Milk is an essential dietary calcium source, with estimates from 40% up to 74% of calcium coming from dairy foods. People who avoid dairy foods usually had an inadequate nutritional intake, unless they had an adequate intake of other high calcium dietary foods. A study was conducted to enrich calcium in ice cream to counteract the deficiency. Calcium in the form of calcium citrate was supplemented at three different levels viz.500mg, 1000mg and 1500mg in one litre of ice cream mix. The enriched ice cream samples were subjected to sensory evaluation for its acceptance, using the 9-point hedonic scale. Further, the sensory attributes of calcium-enriched ice cream were analyzed with the texture profile analyzer’s help. The recovery percentage of calcium in the enriched ice cream was carried out by Atomic absorption spectrometry. The study concluded that calcium could be enriched in ice cream mix at a 500 mg per litre level since it had better acceptability and thereby counteract the calcium deficiency. Keywords: Ice Cream -Calcium- Enrichment- Sensory evaluation- Texture analysis- Stability
Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization for Effective Relay Nodes Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Alshaqqawi Bader , Haque Sardar Anisul , Alreshoodi Mohammed , Alsukayti Ibrahim
Published: February 2021

One of the critical design problems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the Relay Node Placement (RNP) problem. Inefficient deployment of RNs would have adverse effects on the overall performance and energy efficiency of WSNs. The RNP problem is a typical example of an NP-hard optimization problem which can be addressed using metaheuristics with multi-objective formulation. In this paper, we aimed to provide an efficient optimization approach considering the unconstrained deployment of energy-harvesting RNs into a pre-established stationary WSN. The optimization was carried out for three different objectives: energy consumption, network coverage, and deployment cost. This was approached using a novel optimization approach based on the integration of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and a greedy technique. In the optimization process, the greedy algorithm is an essential component to provide effective guidance during PSO convergence. It supports the PSO algorithm with the required information to efficiently alleviate the complexity of the PSO search space and locate RNs in the spots of critical significance. The evaluation of the proposed greedy-based PSO algorithm was carried out with different WSN scenarios of varying complexity levels. A comparison was established with two PSO variants: the classical PSO and a PSO hybridized with the pattern search optimizer. The experimental results demonstrated the significance of the greedy algorithm in enhancing the optimization process for all the considered PSO variants. The results also showed how the solution quality and time efficiency were considerably improved by the proposed optimization approach. Such improvements were achieved using a simple integration technique without adding to the complexity of the system and introducing additional optimization stages. This was more evident in the RNP scenarios of considerably large search spaces, even with highly complex and challenging setups.
Apply Machine Learning Methods to Predict Failure of Glaucoma Drainage
Authors: Morrison Paul , Dixon Maxwell , Sheybani Arsham , Rahmani Bahareh
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this retrospective study is to measure machine learning models' ability to predict glaucoma drainage device failure based on demographic information and preoperative measurements. The medical records of 165 patients were used. Potential predictors included the patients' race, age, sex, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), preoperative visual acuity, number of IOP-lowering medications, and number and type of previous ophthalmic surgeries. Failure was defined as final IOP greater than 18 mm Hg, reduction in intraocular pressure less than 20% from baseline, or need for reoperation unrelated to normal implant maintenance. Five classifiers were compared: logistic regression, artificial neural network, random forest, decision tree, and support vector machine. Recursive feature elimination was used to shrink the number of predictors and grid search was used to choose hyperparameters. To prevent leakage, nested cross-validation was used throughout. With a small amount of data, the best classfier was logistic regression, but with more data, the best classifier was the random forest.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Quantum Clustering : Finding All the Potential Minima
Authors: Maignan Aude , Scott Tony
Published: February 2021

Quantum clustering (QC), is a data clustering algorithm based on quantum mechanics which is accomplished by substituting each point in a given dataset with a Gaussian. The width of the Gaussian is a σ value, a hyper-parameter which can be manually defined and manipulated to suit the application. Numerical methods are used to find all the minima of the quantum potential as they correspond to cluster centers. Herein, we investigate the mathematical task of expressing and finding all the roots of the exponential polynomial corresponding to the minima of a two-dimensional quantum potential. This is an outstanding task because normally such expressions are impossible to solve analytically. However, we prove that if the points are all included in a square region of size σ, there is only one minimum. This bound is not only useful in the number of solutions to look for, by numerical means, it allows to to propose a new numerical approach “per block”. This technique decreases the number of particles by approximating some groups of particles to weighted particles. These findings are not only useful to the quantum clustering problem but also for the exponential polynomials encountered in quantum chemistry, Solid-state Physics and other applications.
E-Loox, A Hybrid Learning Management System
Authors: Gonen Bilal , Jimale Badri
Published: February 2021

E-loox is an educational software application that has been designed specifically for students located in areas with limited Internet access. Unlike the majority of existing educational applications, E-loox is a “hybrid app”– meaning it can function both on and offline. As a hybrid app, E-loox allows students to complete assignments, access course materials, and conduct research in places where there is no Internet access. While global Internet access has expanded rapidly in the last decade, there are still more than 3.5 billion people who lack access, including approximately 60 million people in the United States. E-loox seeks to bridge the gap for the millions of students who have internet in the classroom but lack a home connection.
Evaluation of Single-Span Models on Extractive Multi-Span Question-Answering
Authors: Xu Marie-Anne , Khanna Rahul
Published: February 2021

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC), particularly extractive close-domain question-answering, is a prominent field in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Given a question and a passage or set of passages, a machine must be able to extract the appropriate answer from the passage(s). However, the majority of these existing questions have only one answer, and more substantial testing on questions with multiple answers, or multi-span questions, has not yet been applied. Thus, we introduce a newly compiled dataset consisting of questions with multiple answers that originate from previously existing datasets. In addition, we run BERT-based models pre-trained for question-answering on our constructed dataset to evaluate their reading comprehension abilities. Runtime of base models on the entire dataset is approximately one day while the runtime for all models on a third of the dataset is a little over two days. Among the three of BERT-based models we ran, RoBERTa exhibits the highest consistent performance, regardless of size. We find that all our models perform similarly on this new, multi-span dataset compared to the single-span source datasets. While the models tested on the source datasets were slightly fine-tuned in order to return multiple answers, performance is similar enough to judge that task formulation does not drastically affect question-answering abilities. Our evaluations indicate that these models are indeed capable of adjusting to answer questions that require multiple answers. We hope that our findings will assist future development in question-answering and improve existing question-answering products and methods.
Design and Analysis of Rectangular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for Millimetrewave Communication and its SAR Evaluation
Authors: Naik B.V. , Nath Debojyoti , Sharma Rina
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the design and analysis of the compact patch antenna for 5G and future generation millimetre-wave communication system. The proposed design consists of FR4 substrate length, width, and height of 21.37 x 5 x 1.59 mm3 , besides two rectangular slots incorporated with a dimension of 0.2 x 2.6 mm2 within the patch of 4.22 x 3.46 mm2 , to enhance the resonance frequency more accurate and one more square slot incorporated in to feed line with the dimension of 0.2 x 0.5 mm2 . The obtained return losses of the design is-21.25dB with gain and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3.90dBi,1.18 by using a lumped port configuration. For the specific absorption rate (SAR) evaluation considered as a human head model in high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, the obtained values are within the standard limit, the design covers the frequency range of 28GHz, this design may capable of 5G and next-generation wireless communication system application.
A gyógypedagógus-képzés fejlődéstörténetének útja 1900-1945
Authors: Réthy Endréné
Published: February 2021

Tanulmányunk célja a gyógypedagógus- képzés történeti előzményeinek, kialakulási feltételeinek, illetve fejlődésének felvázolása, néhány szempont felvetésével a gyógypedagógus-képzés történetének gazdagítása. Különösen fókuszálva azokra az általános pedagógiai kérdésekre, mint előzményekre, melyek történetileg iniciálták, megalapozták a gyógypedagógia tudományát és gyakorlatát, így a gyógypedagógus-képzés fejlődését is.
Baltarusiai Lietuvos Valstybės Taryboje 1918–1920 metais
Authors: Błaszczak Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje atskleidžiamas ir analizuojamas baltarusių dalyvavimas Lietuvos Valstybės Tarybos darbe nuo jos įkūrimo iki veiklos pabaigos 1920 m. pavasarį. Analizė koncentruojama į baltarusių atstovų Taryboje veiklą nuo 1918 m. rudens. Išsamiai nagrinėjamos baltarusių atstovų įėjimo į Tarybos sudėtį aplinkybės, lietuvių ir baltarusių bendradarbiavimo sąlygos. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į tolesnius baltarusių frakcijos Taryboje darbus, pavienių jos narių veiklą ir politines pažiūras, į baltarusių ir lietuvių santykių raidą. Taip pat aptariamas baltarusių atstovų vaidmuo Lietuvos užsienio politikoje ir įtaka tarptautiniams santykiams.
Parlamentinio diskurso analizė: kreipimosi raiškos kaita
Authors: Petrošiūtė Zoja
Published: February 2021

Straipsnyje aptariama kreipimosi raiškos kaita Lietuvos parlamentiniame diskurse 1923, 1990 ir 2013 metais. Tema nagrinėjama remiantis tokia prielaida: keičiantis kreipimosi raiškai, t. y. demokratėjant kalbai viešojoje vartosenoje (televizijoje, spaudoje, radijuje ir pan.), kreipimosi raiška keičiasi ir itin oficialioje viešojoje erdvėje – Seime. Atlikta analizė rodo, jog 2013 metais politikų kalba, palyginti su 1923 ir 1990 metų kalba, tapo demokratiškesnė, per kreipinius dažniau užmezgamas tiesioginis, asmeniškesnis santykis su adresatu, į adresatą nevengiama kreiptis įvardžiu tu, 2013 metų kreipimosi tendencijos yra perkeliamos iš neoficialios aplinkos į oficialią viešąją erdvę.
Pemanfaatan Susu Tempe Pada Program Antenatal Care (Anc) Terpadu oleh Ibu Hamil pada Masyarakatdesa Klaseman Kecamatan Gending Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors: Septiandika Verto
Published: February 2021

Antenatal Care (ANC) is a health service by trained health workers for mothers during their pregnancy according to the service standards established in the Midwifery Service Standards (SPK). This service aims to find out the results of the use of tempe milk findings in ANC activities in the Klaseman Village, Gending District, Probolinggo Regency. The results of the implementation of this activity showed that there were 14 pregnant women who made use of the ANC. Found one miscarriage pregnant women, one pregnant woman gave birth, 4 people experienced tartar, 5 people experienced a high risk, and 2 people experienced a very high risk. In carrying out this ANC activity, we also found findings in the form of products to combat stunting in Des Klaseman. It is expected that the Puskesmas and Klaseman Village apparatus will improve counseling on the benefits and objectives of ANC examinations, the importance of regulating birth spacing, the ANC services that Puskesmas can provide, changing perspectives, attending training and involving traditional birth attendants and community leaders. The goal of providing information is extended to families / husbands because their support has a real influence on the use of ANC.

 Keywords: Antenatal care, knowledge, support of health workers, Solutions, trust.
Disordered Eating and Eating Disorders in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Mancine Ryley , Kennedy Samantha , Stephan Peter , Ley Alyse
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

To summarize available literature to date and discuss the importance of Disordered Eating (DE) in adolescent athletes, with special attention to the female athlete triad. In this paper, the authors will review the literature regarding adolescent athletes who intentionally engage in abnormal eating behaviors and focus on adolescent athletes of all training levels who may be affected by both DE and eating disorders (ED).

METHODS

In 2019, the authors completed a systematic literature search on PubMed using the search term variations of “Feeding and Eating Disorders” and “athletes” with “high school.”

RESULTS

A total of 20 pertinent articles were identified concerning DE in adolescent athletes. ED have been shown to impose higher rates of comorbidity than other psychological disorders and only a small number of individuals with ED seek treatment. ED tend to be more prevalent in adolescent elite athletes than non-athletes of both genders in all sports and levels of competition.

CONCLUSIONS

More rigorous tools for family practice physicians, nurses, and coaches to use when working with at-risk adolescent athletes are needed to identify DE behaviors. Healthcare and school professionals need to be educated and trained to detect DE and the components of the female athlete triad. Additional research with adolescent males or those associating with alternative gender roles is also required to help them prevent physical and mental health consequences associated with DE.
Laryngeal Burn from a Sweet Potato: A Case Report
Authors: Pinther Steven , Codino Juliana , Rubin Adam
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

Thermal injury to the larynx and other pharyngeal structures as a result of food ingestion is a rare occurrence, particularly in an adult population. Since the 1970’s, only a few cases have been reported in the literature.

CASE PRESENTATION

We present the case of a male in their early 30’s with a history of left sided spastic hemiparesis and unilateral vocal fold paresis who ingested a sweet potato which resulted in supraglottic burns. The patient denied any prior swallowing difficulties. Conservative therapy with steroids, proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) and antibiotics were sufficient for full recovery without any lasting sequelae.

CONCLUSIONS

This case demonstrates how careful attention should be paid to food temperature particularly in patients at higher risk of dysphagia. It also demonstrates how prompt diagnosis and implementation of appropriate medications can prevent permanent and debilitating damage.
Removal of Ioban May Pull Bacteria to the Surface of the Skin: Lessons Learned
Authors: Lytle Jacob , McCoy Jordan , Smeltzer Katie , Nelson Ryan
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

Cutibacterium acnes (C. Acnes, formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) are slow growing, gram positive, anaerobic bacilli. C. acnes are found in many locations, both as part of normal skin flora, as well as a contaminant of environmental surfaces. These bacteria have been associated with prosthetic joint infections of the shoulder, and it has been challenging to prevent such infections for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to investigate whether the surgical adhesive dressing Ioban could pull subcutaneous C. acnes bacteria from the surgical field.

METHODS

During this quality improvement project, a convenience sample of 16 adult volunteers were gathered from other residency departments and from medical students at our hospital. The volunteers were used to take samples from two sites on each shoulder. The shoulder sites were prepped and covered with iodine-impregnated dressings.

RESULTS

There were 26 of 64 (40.6%) samples in the no Ioban group that grew C. acnes. The Ioban group had 37 of 64 (57.8%) samples found to be positive for C. acnes growth. During this project, we identified several key points that could be useful to future researchers working in community hospitals. We describe these lessons concerning ongoing communication with lab and research departments, offering volunteers compensation to participate, interacting with departments unaccustomed to research, and development of a clear methodology.

CONCLUSIONS

This was the first time our department had conduct a project utilizing the laboratory as well as volunteers. This came with unforeseen challenges which caused significant time delays. We believe that by highlighting these lessons for future researchers, they might avoid such problems during project activities.
Ray Resection for Recurrent Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Valk Josiah , Valk Brittany , Caid Matthew , Colen Alexander , Singer Richard
Published: February 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumor of the hand. This malignancy requires unique treatment considerations; the surgeon and patient must balance retention of maximal functional capacity of the hand and minimization of the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Digital-sparing and digital-sacrificing therapies should be considered. Chance for cure, recurrence and metastasis risk, cosmetic concerns, and functional concerns should be addressed on a case-by-case basis. We report a case of a fifty-three-year-old man with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of his non-dominant hand. Ulceration and rapid growth of a long-standing lesion of the dorsal hand prompted evaluation and treatment. Over the course of a year, three separate surgeries including digital amputations and metacarpal resections were required to manage this recurrent and invasive malignancy. Seven years post-operatively, our patient retained a full, painless range of motion arc of the left thumb and ability to grip utilizing a functional brace. Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the hand is not always straightforward. High rates of local recurrence require negative margins and diligent postoperative surveillance. Digital sparing therapy should be considered to minimize functional impairment and maximize cosmesis. However, aggressive treatment and amputation must be considered for advanced disease and if pursued, should focus on maximization of functional capacity as one of the treatment goals.
Development of a Quality Improvement/Patient Safety Curriculum to Increase Emergency Medicine Resident Scholarly Activity
Authors: Butki Nik , Ghiardi Martina , Corser William D.
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

There currently is no standard method for teaching Quality Improvement/Patient Safety (QIPS) content to prepare resident physicians planning QIPS projects. As part of the 2015-2016 MSU Statewide Campus System Teach for Quality (Te4Q) learner cohort, the first two authors from the McLaren Oakland Hospital Emergency Medicine (EM) residency program developed a structured multi-phase QIPS curriculum. The curriculum was developed to help a cohort of seven second-year EM residents feel more confident to design and conduct their own QIPS projects.

METHODS

After institutional review board project approval was obtained, the first two authors evaluated both the pre and post-curriculum confidence survey scores of enrolled EM residents during May, 2016 as part of their Te4Q program participation.

RESULTS

Residents completed a 15-item QIPS confidence survey before and after completing the QIPS curriculum. The mean pre-curriculum score was 3.00 (SD 1.53) on a scale from 0 to 10, indicating that the average sample respondent felt a lower level of comfort concerning their ability to design and conduct a prospective QIPS project. The mean post-curriculum confidence score from residents increased to 6.71 (SD 1.25) on a 0 to 10 scale, over double an increase from the pre-workshop score on this item. Using a series of non-parametric Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Rank Test procedures suitable for smaller samples, statistically significant increases in pre- to post-curriculum differences were shown for composite confidence scores (Z = 2.207, p = 0.027), as well as for five of the 12 individual confidence items (p-values ranged from 0.023 to 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS

These initial results certainly indicate that a structured ongoing QIPS curriculum may have the potential to improve EM residents’ confidence levels to design and implement QIPS projects with faculty. The impact of these types of curricula for EM and other types of residents needs to be more rigorously examined in more tightly controlled GME settings with larger samples to gauge what types of resident learners will more likely benefit from such educational offerings across the nation.
Medical Marijuana and the Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Survey of Michigan Psychiatrists’ Opinions
Authors: Custodia Jason , Magen Jed , Corser William D.
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT

Although recent studies have indicated a potential mechanism of action through which medical marijuana (MM) and its derivatives may treat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, definitive evidence is still lacking. Few studies concerning physician attitudes regarding MM and/or marijuana-derived medications for PTSD are found in the psychiatric literature.

METHODS

A non-probability convenience sample of psychiatric physicians in Michigan was surveyed during 2016. The 12-item survey questionnaire asked respondents a series of questions about their personal characteristics, prior experiences of treating PTSD and opinions concerning the use/potential use of MM for treatment of PTSD.

RESULTS

A total of 83 psychiatrists (11.7% of total invited) responded to the survey. Several statistically significant correlations between respondent characteristics and other key measures (e.g., Age Category, Gender, Years of Psychiatric Practice, Psychiatric Practice Role (i.e., resident vs. attending), Number of Psychiatric Subspecialties, and Number of PTSD Patients Diagnosed and/or Treated to date) were found. A composite summary score was also formulated from questions related to opinion regarding the use of MM for PTSD and categorized into three comparison groups. The final stepwise multinomial logistic model demonstrated three statistically significant factors influencing what response category respondents fell into regarding MM use for PTSD: a) how often respondents had been exposed to recommendations concerning the use of MM for PTSD (p < 0.001), b) Age Category (p = 0.001) and how frequently respondents had recommended MM for treatment of PTSD (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The results from this smaller sample indicate that the majority of psychiatrist respondents did not support MM for the treatment of PTSD. Judging from these results, Michigan psychiatrists may be extremely conservative regard the prospective use of MM for PTSD. Few sample respondents indicated that they had been exposed to professional literature detailing MM and derivatives as a treatment for PTSD. Most respondents also indicated that they were Unsure/There is Not Enough Research concerning the scientific evidence for the use of MM for PTSD. Based on these findings from a smaller sample, the use of MM and its derivatives for treatment of PTSD may not currently be supported by the majority of Michigan psychiatrists.
A Unique Case of Progressive Hemi-facial Atrophy Successfully Treated with Methotrexate
Authors: Arnold Nichelle , Shareef Shahjahan , Sikorski Lynn
Published: February 2021

The effects of many dermatologic syndromes are not exclusive to the skin. Disorders commonly involve a complex interplay between multiple organ systems, thus not relying solely on the dermatologist for proper work up, diagnosis, and treatment. Morphea is one such rare disease which involves progressive loss or atrophy of subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone with a relatively mysterious etiology. The initial lesion of morphea can be subtle and appear as a pink to red plaque without any additional symptomatology. A biopsy at this early stage is non-specific and will only show the presence of a T cell infiltrate, vascular swelling, and edema. This active or progressive stage will continue for years before “burning out,” or halting progression, although still affecting underlying tissues. Many times, the sclerosis becomes severe enough to cause deformity and secondary systemic symptoms. Five general subtypes of morphea exist, including: plaque-type, linear, deep, guttate, and nodular. In this paper, the authors report a case report of a rare subtype of linear morphea called Parry Romberg syndrome, also known as progressive hemi-facial atrophy (PHA). PHA usually involves at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve unilaterally. The authors will emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose and treat this disorder while also considering the multiple theories surrounding its pathophysiology.