bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micromorphological characteristics of the superficial pectoral muscle in Kulangi and Malay fighting chickens
Authors:   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology named after Professor A. F. Klimov, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kondratov G. V. , Stepanishin V. V. ,   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology named after Professor A. F. Klimov, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kumirov S. G. ,   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology named after Professor A. F. Klimov, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

On the basis of histological and micromorphometric studies, the general regularities and breed features of the structural organization of the superficial pectoral muscle in chickens of the meat production direction Kulangi and Malajskaya bojcovaya hens are presented. The age of the studied individuals was 1 and 29 days. The study evaluated the structural and morphometric parameters of not only the muscle fibers, but also the connective tissue component of the studied muscle. It is shown that representatives of fighting breeds of the meat direction of productivity are characterized by general patterns and distinctive features of the structure of the muscle tissue of the superficial pectoral muscle. The similarity of all the studied samples of muscle tissue in terms of area was revealed, which indicates that this feature has optimal values and is stable during ontogenesis. At the same time, the parameters of the thickness of the endomysium, peremysium, muscle fibers and their bundles had variable values in all the studied bird breeds on the 1st and 29th days of ontogenesis. The data obtained indicate the presence of both common morphological features of muscle tissue, genetically determined and stable regardless of productivity, and variable, which can change under the influence of selection. The results of the research are important for veterinary biology, industrial poultry farming, veterinary and sanitary expertise and can be used to improve the methods of breeding work.
The importance of breeding along the lines cattle of dairy breeds
Authors:   Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Chief Scientist, All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy, Russian Federation, Popov N. A.
Published: August 2021

The aspects of reasonableness in developing the line breeding strategy at the current status stage of dairy breeds and its significance as a factor for genetic variability have been reported. The value for milk production of the first-calf heifers within the line-bred pedigree Red-and-White cattle is estimated. Particular characteristics of the progeny produced from mating in the inbred and crossbred lines are recorded. The lower trait variability of traits was found with selecting within the crossbred lines than that in the inbred lines. Thus, the variables for the milk yield, the mass fraction of fat (MFF) in milk, and the mass fraction of protein (MFP) were less by 4–13% of the mean square deviation, 11,3–20,6%, and 14,3%, respectively. Livestock breed differentiation between the breeding lines was previously executed with the artificial elements of isolation systems. At present, the breeds widely distributed in the Russian Federation are usually “improved” with the use of Holsteins. Therefore, their genealogy and breeding structures depend on the foreign gene pool. Selection strategies for the improvement of milkability traits were implemented along with selection of bull sires capable of improving the conformation. In addition, certain herd bulls were used repeatadly. The variables for genetic values for milkability traits, which changed over time, were monitored. The herd milk production within the lines over a generation increased by 624–786 kg milk (P<0,001), while the MFF deacresed by 0,18–0,25% (P<0,001). Depending on the types of breeding, the differences in the milk yields and the MFF of the first-calf heifers between the lines comprised 178–444 kg (P<0,001) and +0.01%, respectively. However, a statistically significant difference between the lines was recorded only for the MFP, which comprised 0,03% (P<0,001).
Pig breeding development and analysis of the modern pork market in Russia
Authors:   Doctor of Biological Sciences, Doctor of Chemistry, Professor, Leading Researcher at the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Farm Animals, All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy, Russian Federation, Zaytsev S. Yu. , Bogolyubova N. V. ,   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Farm Animals, All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Pig breeding is one of the key areas for the development of livestock meat production both in Russia and in the world. According to forecasts of various agro-industrial companies and information and analytical agencies, by the end of 2020, pork production was predicted to grow similar to that in 2019, which was 5,1% (or more than 192,6 thousand tons, in slaughter weight, compared to 2018). This would represent more than a third of the total meat production in Russia, which was estimated at 11,04–11,22 million tons (as compared to 10,9 million tons in 2019). According to preliminary data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (dated February 4, 2021), pork production increased "at 8.9% by 2019, which in live weight is +446 thousand tons", while the total meat production in Russia in 2020 reached 15,6 million tons, an increase of 3,1% (+472 thousand tons) more than in 2019. These indicators significantly exceed the forecasts indicated above, which is associated with the implementation of investment projects (primarily with state participation) in this direction and "expansion of export opportunities for Russian suppliers" in 2020. Despite the sanctions, coronavirus and other global challenges to the Russian economy, pork has been the "main driver" for the growth of meat production in Russia in recent years. Now our country is on the 4th line in the ranking according to the pig numbers (46.5 million heads in 2019) after China, the European Union and the United States of America. Agricultural enterprises in Russia account for 83,4% of pigs, 14,6% – on personal subsidiary plots, 2,0% – on farms. According to experts, the long-term development trend is an increase in the number of pigs in 5 years by 27,7%, in 10 years – by 36,1%, and the annual increase in pork production is planned at about 5%. Thus, in recent years, pork production has determined a positive trend in all domestic livestock farming in terms of the volume and quality of meat produced in Russia.
Teleostei fishes of the North Coast of Brazil and adjacent areas
Authors: Marceniuk Alexandre , Antunes Caires Rodrigo , Carvalho-Filho Alfredo , Garcia Cavalleiro de Macedo Klautau Alex , C. Rosa Santos Wagner , Benjamin Wosiacki Wolmar , Montag Luciano , Marcos Rotundo Matheus
Published: August 2021

The North Coast of Brazil is a biogeographical area of the Exclusive Economic Zone of Brazil that share environmental features with region under influence of the Plume of the rio Amazon and Orinoco. Despite the relevance of the region’s fish fauna, in biogeo-graphic, ecologic, and commercial terms, this area is poorly known. This study presents the most complete and updated list of the bony fish fauna from the North Coast of Brazil, aiming to minimize our knowledge gap on such region's biodiversity. The main sources of infor-mation were records from zoological collections, inventories obtained during the surveys of the Research and Conservation National Center of Northern Marine Biodiversity and collec-tions from the authors. A total of 787 species of the Teleostei were recorded off the North Coast of Brazil and adjacent waters, representing 156 families and 45 orders. Most (531) of these species are coastal, 256 inhabit deeper water, and 31 pelagic (oceanic) species are com-mon to both the internal and external continental shelf, of which 54 represent new records. Given the progressive intensification of fisheries and increasing incentives for the exploita-tion of the local gas and oil reserves, a more adequate inventory of the marine fish fauna of the North Coast of Brazil is fundamentally important for the management of the region’s aquatic biodiversity.
ORAL MUCOSITIS – SIGNIFICANT COMPLICATION OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Niculiță Oana Otilia ,   Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Marcu Andra Daniela ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Bică Ana Maria ,   Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Doncu Roxana Elena ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Coliță Anca ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Jercan Cristina Georgiana ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The prognosis of pediatric solid tumors has improved in recent years through the use of multimodal treatment – chemotherapy, local control (surgery and radiotherapy) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for high-risk forms. A limiting factor of these transplant procedures is short-term toxicity, oral mucositis (OM) being associated with potential severe evolution. The introduction of tandem stem cell transplant procedures, which increase the intensity of chemotherapy treatment and thus increase the response rate, is associated with increased toxicity. In this study we evaluated the impact of multiple transplant procedures on the severity and evolution of OM. Materials and methods. This retrospective study included 57 pediatric patients diagnosed with solid tumors (neuroblastoma, germ cell tumor, Ewing sarcoma, nephroblastoma) who underwent HSCT in the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of Fundeni Clinical Institute, between January 2002 and December 2020. Patients were divided into 2 study groups: the first group included patients who had one HSCT procedure (43 patients) and the second group included patients who benefited from multiple HSCT procedures (14 patients). We evaluated the degree and average extent of OM, associated risk factors, duration of analgesic treatment and parenteral nutrition, as well as infectious risk. Conditioning regimens were based on administration of busulfan, thiotepa or ifosfamide. All patients received prophylactic antimicrobial therapy and followed a daily oral care protocol. Results. The 57 patients underwent 73 HSCT procedures for the following diagnoses: 36 neuroblastoma, 6 germinal cell tumor, 12 Ewing sarcoma and 3 Wilms tumor. Patients were diagnosed, staged and treated according to international protocols. The study highlights the influence on the degree of OM: delayed platelet engraftment and increased parenteral nutrition requirements correlated with the number of HSCT procedures per patient. Infectious risk was higher for patients from the second study group. Conclusions. OM treatment remains prevention-centered and identifying effective measures, encouraging modern treatment strategies and developing practical evidence-based guidelines are imperative.
UROLITHIASIS INCIDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH DENTAL PLAQUE
Authors:   Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Pantea Vlad Alin , Pantea-Roșan Larisa Renata ,   Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Maghiar Teodor ,   Department of Morphologycal Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Kidney stones are more and more common among the population, and multiple physico-chemical elements, as well as numerous risk factors, lead to its occurrence. Dental plaque is found especially in patients with poor oral hygiene or a genetic predisposition and consists in the mineralization of bacterial plaque on the surface of the teeth or prosthetic works. Material and method. The study enrolled 107 hospitalized patients who presented reno-urinary stones and / or dental plaque. Results. Increased incidence of urolithiasis in terms of average age in women, while the incidence is higher in male patients over 60 years. Patients who also associated dental plaque showed an increase in the incidence of reno-urinary stones compared to those without tooth dental plaque, and women who had dental plaque showed a predisposition to urolithiasis compared to people without dental plaque. Conclusions. There is a close link between the appearance of dental plaque and renolithiasis, many factors contributing equally to their detection, and people with dental plaque are more prone to the appearance of renolithiasis compared to those who do not have the disease.
CLINICAL-STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE FREQUENCY AND ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors:   OMF Surgery, “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Grigore Vlad , Ormenișan Alina ,   OMF Surgery, “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Dămășaru Maria ,   Orthodontics, “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Grecu-Mareșal Irina ,   Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, St. Gallen, Germany, Osman Haj Isam ,   Faculty of Dentistry, “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Cocoș Dorin ,   Faculty of Dentistry, “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Păcurar Mariana ,   Orthodontics, “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Gum hyperplasia is clinically translated by growth in gum size, edema and bleeding (over-normal bags). The gum may be thin or fibrous, firm (in pseudotumor forms). In the absence of proper treatment, it will be associated with the bone resorption of the alveolar process, leading to different degrees of dental mobility. Purpose. Through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to analyze patients diagnosed with gum hyperplasia by age, gender, type of gum hyperplasia, etiology and localization. Also, by observing in surgical practice more and more cases of gum hyperplasia in patients with orthodontic treatment, through this clinical-statistical study, we aim to quantify the incidence of gingival hyperplasia in orthodontic treatments carriers and its distribution by gender. Material and method. The study is retrospective type, performed on 172 patients with the diagnosis of gum hyperplasia (K06.1), treated in the Oro-maxillo-facial surgery Clinic in Targu Mures, during Jan.2015-march 2021. Hypocrate concept 3 was used to access patient observation sheets. Results and discussions. Analyzing the descriptive statistical data of this retrospective clinical-statistical study, it is observed that the average age of the subjects is 58 years, the distribution by sex favors the female gender (59%), generally occurs in adults, has affinity for the right hemimaxilla, approx. 25% of patients have gingival hyperplastic lesions caused by orthodontic appliances and mobile/mobilizable prostheses. These types of lesions represent a ratio of 2/1 in favor of females, which indicates that the aesthetic requirements for females are much higher compared to males. Also, interpreting, from a medical point of view, the statistical conclusions of this study, we find that the patient's gender does not influence the location and appearance of the hyperplasic lesion, instead the age of the patients influences the occurrence of the hyperplastic lesion. Conclusion. Orthodontic therapy should be indicated after a correct evaluation of periodontal tissues, quantification of periodontal indices and detection of risk factors.
COVID-19 Vaccination for Endocrine Patients: A Position Statement from the Korean Endocrine Society
Authors: Ku Cheol Ryong , Jung Kyong Yeun , Ahn Chang Ho , Moon Jun Sung , Lee Ju Hee , Kim Eun Heui , Kwon Hyemi , Kim Hee Kyung , Suh Sunghwan , Hong Sangmo , Ha Jeonghoon , Roh Eun , Kim Jin Hwa , Kim Mi-kyung ,   the Committee of Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Endocrine Society
Published: August 2021

Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ongoing efforts have been made to discover an efficacious vaccine against COVID-19 to combat the pandemic. In most countries, both mRNA and DNA vaccines have been administered, and their side effects have also been reported. The clinical course of COVID-19 and the effects of vaccination against COVID-19 are both influenced by patients’ health status and involve a systemic physiological response. In view of the systemic function of endocrine hormones, endocrine disorders themselves and the therapeutics used to treat them can influence the outcomes of vaccination for COVID-19. However, there are very limited data to support the development of clinical guidelines for patients with specific medical backgrounds based on large clinical trials. In the current severe circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, position statements made by clinical specialists are essential to provide appropriate recommendations based on both medical evidence and clinical experiences. As endocrinologists, we would like to present the medical background of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as precautions to prevent the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with specific endocrine disorders, including adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, hypogonadism, and pituitary disorders.
ELASTICIDADE-PREÇO E ELASTICIDADE-RENDA DE PASSAGEIROS POR MODO DE TRANSPORTE PARA PROJEÇÃO DE MATRIZES ORIGEM-DESTINO NACIONAL
Authors: Pompermayer Fabiano Mezadre , Rabello Gabriel Gouvêa , Sousa Rennaly Patricio , Souza João Gabriel de Moraes , Eberhardt Isaque Daniel
Published: August 2021

Este texto sobre política de infraestrutura de transporte amplia o entendimento das preferências dos usuários do setor de transporte de passageiros no Brasil, ao estimar as elasticidades por modo de transporte, de forma a subsidiar a projeção da utilização futura de modos alternativos de transporte e fluxo de passageiros no Brasil. Essas projeções formarão as matrizes origem-destino de passageiros para o período que se iniciará em 2020 e irá até 2050.
SOCIETAL CHALLENGES AT HORIZON 2020
Authors: Zucoloto Graziela Ferrero , Pereira Larissa de Souza Pereira , Jesus Leonardo de Mello Szigethy de
Published: August 2021

This note aims to contribute to the debate about the relationship between technology, innovation and societal challenges (SCs). It analyzes how research and innovation (R&I) is related to societal needs in the European Community. In order to do so, this note reviews the SCs, pillar 3 of Horizon 2020 (H2020), the largest European R&I support program. Based on SC programs and projects, it analyzes which problems of European society are
actually being prioritized by R&I funding, and how their challenges are defined and supported.
Linearized Field Deblending: Point-spread Function Photometry for Impatient Astronomers
Authors: Hedges Christina , Luger Rodrigo , Martinez-Palomera Jorge , Dotson Jessie , Barentsen Geert
Published: August 2021

NASA’s Kepler, K2, and TESS missions employ simple aperture photometry to derive time-series photometry, where an aperture is estimated for each star, and pixels containing each star are summed to create a single light curve. This method is simple, but in crowded fields, the derived time series can be highly contaminated. The alternate method of fitting a point-spread function (PSF) to the data is able to account for crowding but is computationally expensive. In this paper, we present a new approach to extracting photometry from these time-series missions that fits the PSF directly but makes simplifying assumptions in order to greatly reduce the computation expense. Our method fixes the scene of the field in each image, estimates the PSF shape of the instrument with a linear model, and allows only source flux and position to vary. We demonstrate that our method is able to separate the photometry from blended targets in the Kepler data set that are separated by less than a pixel. Our method is fast to compute and fully accounts for uncertainties from degeneracies due to crowded fields. We name the method described in this work linearized field deblending photometry. We demonstrate our method on the false-positive Kepler target KOI-608. We are able to separate the photometry of the two sources in the data and demonstrate that the contaminating transiting signal is consistent with a small, substellar companion with a radius of 2.67 R
Jup (0.27 R
☉). Our method is equally applicable to extracting photometry from NASA’s TESS mission.
The Sun’s Magnetic (Hale) Cycle and 27 Day Recurrences in the aa Geomagnetic Index
Authors: Chapman S. C. , McIntosh S. W. , Leamon R. J. , Watkins N. W.
Published: August 2021

We construct a new solar cycle phase clock which maps each of the last 18 solar cycles onto a single normalized epoch for the approximately 22 yr Hale (magnetic polarity) cycle, using the Hilbert transform of daily sunspot numbers (SSNs) since 1818. The occurrences of solar maxima show almost no discernible Hale cycle dependence, consistent with the clock being synchronized to polarity reversals. We reengineer the Sargent R27 index and combine it with our epoch analysis to obtain a high time resolution parameter for 27 day recurrence in aa, 〈acv(27)〉. This reveals that the transition to recurrence, that is, to an ordered solar wind dominated by high-speed streams, is fast, with an upper bound of a few solar rotations. It resolves an extended late declining phase which is approximately twice as long on even Schwabe cycles as odd. Galactic cosmic ray flux rises in step with 〈acv(27)〉 but then stays high. Our analysis also identifies a slow-timescale trend in SSN that simply tracks the Gleissberg cycle. We find that this trend is in phase with the slow-timescale trend in the modulus of sunspot latitudes, and in antiphase with that of the R27 index.
Radio Detection of PSR J1813–1749 in HESS J1813–178: The Most Scattered Pulsar Known
Authors: Camilo F. , Ransom S. M. , Halpern J. P. , Roshi D. Anish
Published: August 2021

The 44.7 ms X-ray pulsar in the supernova remnant G12.82−0.02/HESS J1813−178 has the second highest spin-down luminosity of known pulsars in the Galaxy, with

E

̇

=
5.6
×

10

37

erg s−1. Using the Green Bank Telescope, we have detected radio pulsations from PSR J1813−1749 at 4.4–10.2 GHz. The pulse is highly scattered, with an exponential decay timescale τ longer than that of any other pulsar at these frequencies. A point source detected at this position by Dzib et al. in several observations with the Jansky Very Large Array can be attributed to the pulsed emission. The steep dependence of τ on observing frequency explains why all previous pulsation searches at lower frequencies failed (τ ≈ 0.25 s at 2 GHz). The large dispersion measure, DM = 1087 pc cm−3, indicates a distance of either 6.2 or 12 kpc according to two widely used models of the electron density distribution in the Galaxy. These disfavor a previously suggested association with a young stellar cluster at the closer distance of 4.8 kpc. The high X-ray measured column density of ≈1023 cm−2 also supports a large distance. If d ≈ 12 kpc, HESS J1813−178 would be one of the most luminous TeV sources in the Galaxy.
An Improved and Physically Motivated Scheme for Matching Galaxies with Dark Matter Halos
Authors: Tonnesen Stephanie , Ostriker Jeremiah P.
Published: August 2021

The simplest scheme for predicting real galaxy properties after performing a dark matter simulation is to rank order the real systems by stellar mass and the simulated systems by halo mass and then simply assume monotonicity—that the more massive halos host the more massive galaxies. This has had some success, but we study here if a better motivated and more accurate matching scheme is easily constructed by looking carefully at how well one could predict the simulated IllustrisTNG galaxy sample from its dark matter computations. We find that using the dark matter rotation curve peak velocity, v
max, for normal galaxies reduces the error of the prediction by 30% (18% for central galaxies and 60% for satellite systems)—following expectations from the physics of monolithic collapse. For massive systems with halo mass >1012.5
M
⊙ hierarchical merger driven formation is the better model and dark matter halo mass remains the best single metric. Using a new single variable that combines these effects, ϕ = v
max/

v

max
,
12.7

+ M
peak/(1012.7
M
⊙) allows further improvement and reduces the error, as compared to ranking by dark matter mass at z = 0 by another 6% from v
max ranking. Two parameter fits—including environmental effects produce only minimal further impact.
The Blue Supergiant Progenitor of the Supernova Imposter AT 2019krl
Authors: Andrews Jennifer E. , Jencson Jacob E. , Van Dyk Schuyler D. , Smith Nathan , Neustadt Jack M. M. , Sand David J. , Kreckel K. , Kochanek C. S. , Valenti S. , Strader Jay , Bersten M. C. , Blanc Guillermo A. , Bostroem K. Azalee , Brink Thomas G. , Emsellem Eric , Filippenko Alexei V. , Folatelli Gastón , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Masci Frank J. , McElroy Rebecca , Milisavljevic Dan , Santoro Francesco , Szalai Tamás
Published: August 2021

Extensive archival Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, and Large Binocular Telescope imaging of the recent intermediate-luminosity transient, AT 2019krl in M74, reveal a bright optical and mid-infrared progenitor star. While the optical peak of the event was missed, a peak was detected in the infrared with an absolute magnitude of M
4.5 μm = −18.4 mag, leading us to infer a visual-wavelength peak absolute magnitude of −13.5 to −14.5. The pre-discovery light curve indicated no outbursts over the previous 16 yr. The colors, magnitudes, and inferred temperatures of the progenitor best match a 13–14 M
⊙ yellow or blue supergiant (BSG) if only foreground extinction is taken into account, or a hotter and more massive star if any additional local extinction is included. A pre-eruption spectrum of the star reveals strong Hα and [N ii] emission with wings extending to ±2000 km s−1. The post-eruption spectrum is fairly flat and featureless with only Hα, Na i D, [Ca ii], and the Ca ii triplet in emission. As in many previous intermediate-luminosity transients, AT 2019krl shows remarkable observational similarities to luminous blue variable (LBV) giant eruptions, SN 2008S-like events, and massive-star mergers. However, the information about the pre-eruption star favors either a relatively unobscured BSG or a more extinguished LBV with M > 20 M⊙ likely viewed pole-on.
Characterization of HD 206893 B from Near- to Thermal-infrared
Authors: Meshkat Tiffany , Gao Peter , Lee Eve J. , Mawet Dimitri , Choquet Elodie , Ygouf Marie , Patel Rahul , Ruane Garreth , Wang Jason , Wallack Nicole , Absil Olivier , Beichman Charles
Published: August 2021

HD 206893 B is a brown-dwarf companion orbiting inside the debris disk of its host star. We detect the brown dwarf in the Ms band using the Keck/NIRC2 instrument and vortex coronagraph. We measure its magnitude to be

Ms
=

12.97

−
0.11

0.10

. It is at an angular separation of 0.″22 ± 0.″03, and a position angle of 39.6° ± 5.4° east of north. Using this Ms-band measurement and the system age, we use three evolutionary models to estimate the mass to be 12–78 M
Jup. We analyze the atmospheric properties from 1–5 μm using a grid of simulated atmospheric models. We find that a sedimentation flux f
sed value ∼0.2 provides the best fit to the data, suggesting high vertically extended clouds. This may be indicative of high-altitude grains or a circumplanetary disk. Our model radii and luminosities for the companion find the best fits are ages of <100 Myr and masses <20 M
Jup, consistent with our mass estimate from the evolutionary models using the Ms-band data alone. We detect orbital motion of the brown dwarf around the host star in comparison to the discovery image and derive orbital parameters. Finally we analyze how the companion brown dwarf interacts with the debris disk by estimating the location of the chaotic zone around the brown dwarf using values derived from this study’s estimated mass and orbital constraints. We find that the collisions within the debris belt are likely driven by secular perturbations from the brown dwarf, rather than self-stirring.
Evolution of High-redshift Quasar Hosts and Promotion of Massive Black Hole Seed Formation
Authors: Li 李 Wenxiu 文秀 , Inayoshi Kohei , Qiu 邱 Yu 宇
Published: August 2021

High-redshift luminous quasars powered by accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with mass ≳109
M
⊙ constrain their formation pathways. We investigate the formation of heavy seeds of SMBHs through gas collapse in the quasar host progenitors, using merger trees to trace the halo growth in highly biased, overdense regions of the universe. The progenitor halos are likely irradiated by intense H2-photodissociating radiation from nearby star-forming galaxies and heat the interior gas by successive mergers. The kinetic energy of the gas originating from mergers, as well as the baryonic streaming motion, prevents gas collapse and delays prior star formation. With a streaming velocity higher than the rms value, gas clouds in nearly all 104 realizations of merger trees enter the atomic-cooling stage and begin to collapse isothermally with T ≃ 8000 K via Lyα cooling. The fraction of trees that host isothermal gas collapse is 14% and increases with streaming velocity, while the rest form H2-cooled cores after short isothermal phases. If the collapsing gas is enriched to Z
crit ∼ 2 × 10−3
Z
⊙, requiring efficient metal mixing, this fraction could be reduced by additional cooling via metal fine-structure lines. In the massive collapsing gas, the accretion rate onto a newly born protostar ranges between 3 × 10−3
M
⊙ yr−1 and 5 M
⊙ yr−1, among which a large fraction exceeds the critical rate suppressing stellar radiative feedback. As a result, we expect a distribution of stellar mass (presumably BH mass) ranging from several hundred to above 105
M
⊙, potentially forming massive BH binary mergers and yielding gravitational-wave events.
Iron and Nickel Isotopes in IID and IVB Iron Meteorites: Evidence for Admixture of an SN II Component and Implications for the Initial Abundance of 60Fe
Authors: Cook David L. , Meyer Bradley S. , Schönbächler Maria
Published: August 2021

We measured Fe and Ni isotopes in 13 iron meteorites from magmatic groups IID and IVB. Resolvable deficits (≈−0.14) are observed in ε
60Ni in both groups. Small deficits (≈−0.08) are also evident in ε
56Fe but not in the most neutron-rich isotope of Fe (58Fe). Relative to terrestrial material, the observed ε
iFe values are consistent with the presence of a small excesses of material in the parent bodies of IID and IVB irons that was produced in a type II supernova. The ε
60Ni and ε
56Fe values are uncorrelated in both groups. This is consistent with a nucleosynthetic origin of the ε
56Fe deficits, whereas the ε
60Ni deficits are best explained as radiogenic in nature due to the former presence of live 60Fe (t
1/2 = 2.62 Ma) in the early solar system. The 60Ni deficits correspond to 60Fe/56Fe ratios of ≈3 × 10−7 at the time of core formation on the IID and IVB parent bodies. These data, in conjunction with previously published 182Hf–182W core formation ages, are used to estimate a solar system initial 60Fe/56Fe = (6.4 ± 2.0) × 10−7 for the formation region of carbonaceous chondrites.
Future Constraints on the Reionization History and the Ionizing Sources from Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: Lidz Adam , Chang Tzu-Ching , Mas-Ribas Lluís , Sun Guochao
Published: August 2021

We forecast the reionization history constraints, inferred from Lyα damping wing absorption features, for a future sample of ∼20 z ≥ 6 gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. We describe each afterglow spectrum by a three-parameter model. First, L characterizes the size of the ionized region (the “bubble size”) around a GRB host halo. Second, 〈x
H i
〉 is the volume-averaged neutral fraction outside of the ionized bubble around the GRB, which is approximated as spatially uniform. Finally, N
H i
denotes the column density of a local damped Lyα absorber (DLA) associated with the GRB host galaxy. The size distribution of ionized regions is extracted from a numerical simulation of reionization and evolves strongly across the epoch of reionization (EoR). The model DLA column densities follow the empirical distribution determined from current GRB afterglow spectra. We use a Fisher matrix formalism to forecast the 〈x
H i
(z)〉 constraints that can be obtained from follow-up spectroscopy of afterglows with S/N = 20 per R = 3000 resolution element at the continuum. We find that the neutral fraction may be determined to better than 10%–15% (1σ) accuracy from this data across multiple independent redshift bins at z ∼ 6–10, spanning much of the EoR, although the precision degrades somewhat near the end of reionization. A more futuristic survey with 80 GRB afterglows at z ≥ 6 can improve the precision here by a factor of 2 and extend measurements out to z ∼ 14. We further discuss how these constraints may be combined with estimates of the escape fraction of ionizing photons derived from the DLA column density distribution toward GRBs extracted at slightly lower redshift, z ∼ 5. This combination will help in testing whether we have an accurate census of the sources that reionized the universe.
Back to Quiescence: Postoutburst Evolution of the Pulsar J1119–6127 and Its Wind Nebula
Authors: Blumer Harsha , Safi-Harb Samar , Borghese Alice , Martín Jonatan , McLaughlin Maura A. , Torres Diego F. , Younes George
Published: August 2021

We report on the analysis of a deep Chandra observation of the high-magnetic-field pulsar (PSR) J1119–6127 and its compact pulsar wind nebula (PWN) taken in 2019 October, three years after the source went into outburst. The 0.5–7 keV postoutburst (2019) spectrum of the pulsar is best described by a two-component blackbody plus power-law model with a temperature of 0.2 ± 0.1 keV, photon index Γ = 1.8 ± 0.4, and X-ray luminosity of

1.9

−
0.3

+
0.3

×

1033 erg s−1, consistent with its preburst quiescent phase. We find that the pulsar has gone back to quiescence. The compact nebula shows a jet-like morphology elongated in the north–south direction, similar to the preburst phase. The postoutburst PWN spectrum is best fit by an absorbed power law with a photon index Γ = 2.3 ± 0.5 and a flux of

3.2

−
0.2

+
0.3

×10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 (0.5–7 keV). The PWN spectrum shows evidence of spectral softening in the postoutburst phase, with the preburst photon index Γ = 1.2 ± 0.4 changing to Γ = 2.3 ± 0.5 and the preburst luminosity of

1.5

−
0.2

+
0.3

× 1032 erg s−1 changing to

2.7

−
0.2

+
0.3

× 1032 erg s−1 in the 0.5–7 keV band, suggesting magnetar outbursts can impact PWNe. The observed timescale for returning to quiescence, of just a few years, implies a rather fast cooling process and favors a scenario where J1119 is temporarily powered by magnetic energy following the magnetar outburst, in addition to its spin-down energy.
Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus Pachyphlodes (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from México
Authors: Piña Páez Carolina , Healy Rosanne A. , Guevara Gonzalo , Orijel Roberto Garibay , Castellano Michael A. , Cázares Efrén , Trappe James M.
Published: August 2021

Pachyphlodes is a lineage of ectomycorrhizal, hypogeous, sequestrate ascomycete fungi native to temperate and subtropical forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Pachyphlodes species form ectomycorrhizae mainly with Fagales hosts. Here we describe two new species of Pachyphlodes, P. brunnea, and P. coalescens, based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Pachyphlodes brunnea is distributed in the states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León in northern México, occurring with Quercus and Juglans species. It is characterized by its dark brown peridium, white gleba, and spores with capitate columns. Pachyphlodes coalescens is distributed in the states of Michoacán and Tlaxcala in central and southwestern México co-occurring with Quercus and is distinguished by its reddish-brown peridium, light yellow gleba, and spore ornamentation. Both species, along with P. marronina, constitute the Marronina clade. This clade contains North American species characterized by a brown peridium and spores ornamented with capitate spines to coalesced spine tips that form a partial perispore.
Megarthrus of China. Part 4. The M. hemipterus complex (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Proteininae), with description of a new species from Yunnan Province
Authors: Liu Zhiping , Cuccodoro Giulio
Published: August 2021

The members of the Megarthrus hemipterus species complex occurring in China, i.e., M. dentipes Bernhauer, M. flavolimbatus Cameron and M. hemipterus (Illiger), are diagnosed, and a new species attributed to this informal group, M. pandasp. nov., is described from Yunnan Province. All species are diagnosed and illustrated, and their distribution in mainland China is mapped. The limit of the M. hemipterus species complex is refined morphologically.
Strategies for successful implementation and permanent maintenance of a rapid response system
Authors: Song Myung Jin , Lee Yeon Joo
Published: August 2021

Rapid response systems (RRSs) have been introduced to intervene with patients experiencing non-code medical emergencies and operate widely around the world. An RRS has four components: an afferent limb, an efferent limb, quality improvement, and administration. A proper triggering system, a hospital culture that embraces the RRS from the afferent limb, experienced primary responders, and dedicated physicians from the efferent limb are key for successful implementation. After initial implementation, quality improvement through objective outcome measures and self-evaluation are crucial, which lead to a better outcome when this process is well performed. Furthermore, better outcomes lead to more investment, which is essential for effective development of the system. The RRS is successfully maintained when these four components are closely interconnected.
Changes in respiratory virus infection trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: the effectiveness of public health measures
Authors: Park Ji Young , Kim Hwan Il , Kim Joo-Hee , Park Sunghoon , Hwang Yong Il , Jang Seung Hun , Kim Yong Kyun , Jung Ki-Suck
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims: Studies on the effectiveness of public health measures to prevent respiratory virus transmission in real-world settings are lacking. We investigated the effectiveness of universal mask use and adherence to other personal preventive measures on the changing viral respiratory infection patterns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: Data were extracted from the South Korean National Respiratory Virus Sentinel Surveillance System. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a cross-sectional survey on adherence to personal preventive measures was conducted. Additionally, the number of subway passengers was analyzed to estimate physical distancing compliance.Results: During the pandemic, adherence to personal preventive measures significantly increased, particularly indoors and on public transportation. Respiratory virus trends were compared based on laboratory surveillance data of 47,675 patients with acute respiratory infections (2016 to 2020). The 2019 to 2020 influenza epidemic ended within 3 weeks, from the epidemic peak to the epidemic end, quickly ending the inf luenza season; with a 1.8- to 2.5-fold faster decline than in previous seasons. Previously, the overall respiratory virus positivity rate remained high after the influenza seasons had ended (47.7% to 69.9%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, this positive rate, 26.5%, was significantly lower than those in previous years. Hospital-based surveillance showed a decreased number of hospitalized patients with acute viral respiratory illnesses.Conclusions: This study suggests that high compliance to the use of personal preventive measures in public might reduce the incidence of all respiratory virus infections and its hospitalization rates, with no additional quarantine, isolation, or contact screening.
Le doctorant en éducation à l’épreuve de la pandémie : dynamique de soutien et expériences singulières
Authors: Van Nieuwenhoven Catherine , Frenay Mariane , Hanin Vanessa
Published: August 2021

Les travaux antérieurs qui se sont penchés sur la persévérance au doctorat ont montré l’importance de satisfaire les trois besoins fondamentaux de l’être humain (autonomie, compétence et affiliation). Cette contribution interroge les effets du confinement, et, plus précisément, des changements radicaux des modalités de travail associés, sur l’équilibre personnel et professionnel de onze doctorants belges. L’analyse fait état de réorganisations des priorités singulières résultant d’une imbrication entre des facteurs internes (ressources émotionnelles, parcours de vie) et externes (composition familiale, soutien des pairs, encadrement du promoteur) au doctorant. La perte des moments d’échanges informels est déplorée à l’unanimité.
Registres de pensée et sphères d’activité des doctorants en situation de confinement
Authors: Saboya Fabienne , Jorro Anne
Published: August 2021

Notre recherche tente de comprendre les effets du premier confinement sur les doctorants de SHS du Cnam de Paris. Hybridation des cours puis passage au distanciel ont profondément transformé leur expérience de la formation doctorale en les éloignant de leur communauté de pratique. Les approches sociologiques de la construction de significations et de modes d’action dans une situation d’épreuve (Boltanski, 2009 ; Heinich, 2017), les théorisations de l’activité (Clot, 2000) ont été mobilisées pour comprendre la spécificité de cette expérience inédite du confinement. L’analyse de dix entretiens semi-directifs, menés auprès de doctorants confrontés aux différents types d’épreuves générées par la crise sanitaire, met en évidence des transformations dans leurs manières de penser, de ressentir et d’agir.
La recherche en temps de pandémie en Amérique Latine
Authors: Reguera Alejandra
Published: August 2021

Notre recherche concerne la situation des étudiants des cycles supérieurs dans le contexte du confinement causé par la covid -19 pendant l’année 2020. Notre questionnement porte sur l’impact de cette situation sur leurs travaux en cours et sur la manière dont ils ont réagi face à la réalité du confinement. Une méthodologie qualitative a été utilisée avec un questionnaire distribué auprès de 31 chercheurs issus des universités d’Argentine, d’Uruguay, du Paraguay, du Chili, de Bolivie et d’Équateur. Nous avons observé que les changements vécus pendant cette période ont produit une certaine instabilité chez eux, modifiant le cours de leurs travaux universitaires.
Les activités émotionnelles des personnes dialysées et greffées rénales : intervenir sur les émotions d’autrui
Authors: Itié Céline
Published: August 2021

Si le champ de la santé a fait l’objet de plusieurs études visant à explorer le travail émotionnel des soignants, peu de travaux éclairent le vécu subjectif et les activités émotionnelles réalisées par les sujets en soins. Cet article propose une réflexion sur cet aspect de leur expérience issue du contexte de vie avec l’insuffisance rénale chronique. À partir de l’analyse de 15 entretiens à visée compréhensive menés auprès de personnes dialysées et greffées, cette recherche vise à comprendre la nature et la portée des efforts que les malades réalisent sur leurs émotions et celles d’autrui dans le cadre de leur vie quotidienne.
Créativité intégrée des pratiques évaluatives : entre routines et opportunités
Authors: Mercier-Brunel Yann , Crocé-Spinelli Hélène
Published: August 2021

En France, l’activité évaluative des enseignants reste dominée par la mesure de performances (Vial, 2012) et un jugement normatif (Jorro et Mercier-Brunel, 2014), maintenant le caractère stressant et socialement discriminant de l’évaluation (Pisa, 2018). Notre article étudie le déploiement d’une « créativité de l’agir » (Joas, 1999) féconde à partir de certaines routines. En nous appuyant sur une recherche collaborative menée entre 2017 et 2019, impliquant neuf chercheurs et vingt-six enseignants dans un Réseau d’éducation prioritaire proche de Lyon, nous analysons comment deux enseignants développent des pratiques évaluatives créatives à partir d’une situation de tension et de ressources disponibles.
Taxonomic analysis of some forest insects used in the diets in Mexican rural areas: evaluation and perspectives
Authors: Moreno J.M. Pino , Ganguly A. , Reyes-Prado H.
Published: August 2021

In the present work a taxonomic analysis of Mexican edible forest insects along with their host plants have been reviewed. We have recorded 73 insect species under 26 families and 6 orders, namely: Orthoptera, Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera, with the highest number of species belonging to Coleoptera (19) followed by Hymenoptera (18). Additionally a total of 51 host plant species under 17 families, and their distribution among the different vegetation types also have been presented. The importance of insects in the diet of rural communities has been discussed in the light of different socioeconomic and biological factors. These issues must be addressed and resolved, to carry out the coherent management of edible insects, considering the traditional knowledge that the rural inhabitants possess.
Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser Treatment for Premacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Puthalath Suresh , Chirayath Anup , Shermila M. V. , Sunil M. S. , Ramakrishnan R.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Premacular hemorrhage occurs as a result of Valsalva retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and retinal artery macroaneurysm and may cause sudden, profound visual loss. Currently, it is managed with observation or vitrectomy. An alternative method of treatment is by Nd:YAG laser or argon laser membranotomy. This study investigates the efficacy of frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser membranotomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Twelve patients had frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser membranotomy as a two-step procedure to drain premacular hemorrhage: two stretch burns to make the membrane stable and taut and then placement of penetration burns between stretch burns. The follow-up period was 18 months.

RESULTS:

Ten eyes had marked clearing of hemorrhage and immediate improvement of vision following the laser treatment. One eye with retinal macro-aneurysm and another with proliferative diabetic retinopathy did not show marked improvement immediately following membranotomy.

CONCLUSION:

Frequency-doubled Nd:YAG membranotomy is a safe, simple, and noninvasive alternative to conservative treatment or vitrectomy and allows faster resolution of premacular hemorrhage.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:284–290.]
Forceps-Induced Cracking of a Single-Piece Acrylic Foldable Intraocular Lens
Authors: Balasubramanya R. , Rani Alka , Dada Tanuj
Published: August 2021

A case of cracking of the intraocular lens during insertion is described, a complication not previously reported with single-piece acrylic intraocular lenses. A single large crack was noticed in the center of the intraocular lens optic after the insertion of the lens with a cross-action forceps. The crack developed due to a faulty locking mechanism in the cross-action forceps, which failed to open and release the intraocular lens inside the capsular bag. However, the crack did not cause a decrease in the best-corrected visual acuity of the affected eye.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:306–307.]