bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Human Excreta Mixture on Biogas Production
Authors: Song Zi Lin , Qin Jia Jia , Yang Gai He , Feng Yong Zhong , Ren Guang Xin
Published: October 2011

China is a large agricultural country that has abundant biomass resource which can be generated biogas for heating and lighting. To improve biogas production efficiency of human excreta, which is a main kind of material in household biogas use, a laboratory-scale simulated experimental using self-designed constant temperature anaerobic fermentation equipment was conducted in our study. The results showed that increase of temperature can improve biogas generation efficiency of human excreta, and the other way is to mix the human excreta with other materials especially with the high C materials. Compare with the high costing of increase temperature, co-digestion with wheat straw has obvious advances: the crop straw can easily obtain and both wastes can be handled in the anaerobic fermentation process. The co-digestion developed in our study may be applicable to human excreta with other crop straws such as corn straw for biogas production.
Exploration on Prevention Methods of Flooding Accidents Caused by Goaf Water in Small Coal Mine Groups
Authors: Yang Ming Qiang , Song De Xi
Published: October 2011

This paper summarizes the working experiences in prevention and treatment of flooding accidents caused by goaf water in Zhangcun Coal Mine, Pingdingshan Ruiping Company, and puts forward a number of scientific, practical and effective methods for it, including “inspection”, “exploration”, “dredging”, “drainage”, “prevention”, “hiding” and “management” . In addition, the methods discussed in this paper have great significance for safety production in coal mines and helps to improve the recovery rate of shallow coal bed in area where small coal mines concentrate.
Biogas Productivity Potential of Agricultural Residue Straw as Mono-Fermentation Substrate
Authors: Li Yu Ying , Dong Bing Xue , Quan Zhi , Chen Ji Bao , Liu Jing , Cui Zong Jun , Cheng Xu
Published: October 2011

The object of this study is to provide the scientific basis of biogas industry with agricultural residue straws as energy biomass. The biogas productivity potential experiment and reactor amplification experiment are carried out to study biogas yield from different agricultural straws including wheat straw, corn straw, peanut straw, soybean straw as well as rice straw, and the relationship between biogas yield and the anaerobic reactor volume with wheat straw as the substrate and with biogas slurry as a source of microorganisms under room temperature conditions (35°C). Micro-aerobic pretreatment fermentation technology is used to treat the agricultural straws. The batch anaerobic digestion technology and drainage collection process are used. The results show that the order of biogas yield from high to low is wheat, rice, corn, peanut and soybean straw. The utilization of peanut straw is the largest, followed by rice, corn, soybean and wheat straw. With wheat straw as the substrate amplification test reactor, gas production of 2.5 L and 1 L reactor is similar, and gas production rate and daily gas production of 2.5 L reactor is about 3 times than that of 15 L reactor.
Experimental Study on Flow Structure of Non-Premixed Swirl Burner Flows Using PIV
Authors: Ge Bing , Zang Shu Sheng , Guo Pei Qing
Published: October 2011

This paper focuses on investigating the characteristic modes and structures in non-premixed swirling methane/air flames. Using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique, the experiment measured the velocity distributions of the swirling flame. Cold flow conditions have been included to provide a picture of the flow field and to demonstrate the modifications induced by combustion. The characteristic lengths, velocity vectors, streamlines, and velocity distributions are presented and discussed. The experiment shows that a large spatial separation at the exit between the central and swirling annular jets can expedite the formation of a recirculation zone. Complex flow structures are found in the recirculation zone. Moreover, the differences between cold swirling flow field and combustion swirling flow are analyzed at length. The data from this experiment is helpful for optimization of the non-premixed burner design, and can be established as benchmarks for the development and validation of combustion numerical simulations.
Research on Construction of a Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for Xylan Degradation
Authors: Lu Jian Zhang , Cui Mei Lin , Du Shan Shan , Yang Lu , Guo Qin , Ruan Hui , He Guo Qing
Published: October 2011

Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (E.C.3.2.1.8) is a family of glycoside hydrolase. It is capable of hydrolyzing the backbone of substituted xylan polymers into fragments of random size. Due to this ability, xylanase can serve the degradation of lignocellulose, and facilitate the application of xylan. Cell-surface display of enzymes is one of the most attractive applications in yeast. It is a promising utilization in constructing the whole-cell biocatalyst of xylanase. For this purpose, a cDNA sequence of endo-1,4-β-xylanase B (XylB) from Aspergillus niger BCC14405 was optimized and synthesized according to the codon bias of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genes encoding galactokinase (GAL1) promoter, α-mating factor 1 (MFα1) pre-pro secretion signal, fully codon-optimized XylB, the 320 amino acids of C terminal of α-agglutinin, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) terminator and kanMX cassette were amplified and cloned into YEplac181 to construct a cell-surface display vector called pGMAAK-XylB with α-agglutinin as an anchor. Then pGMAAK-XylB was transformed into S. cerevisiae. The results show XylB was immobilized and actively expressed on S. cerevisiae. Meanwhile, a secretion expression plasmid was also constructed using the above elements except α-agglutinin as a control strain in the study of characteristic of XylB. After an induction of 48 h by 2% galactose, the activity of displayed XylB reached 63 U/g dry-cell weight. The optimal pH of displayed XylB has changed from 5 to 6 and the optimal temperature has changed from 50 °C to 60 °C, comparing to the recombinant secretion XylB.
Based on the Research of the Monitoring System for NET Framework for the Second Electric Power Plant of Baotou
Authors: Liu Jing Xia , Cui Gui Mei
Published: October 2011

In this paper, as a background for original monitoring project of the second power plant of Baotou , put forward a new design concept power plant real-time intelligent monitoring Web server and the far scheduling system based on the net framework , researched the function of the remote monitoring .The development of Software based on the VS.NET platform, adapted the c #language, SQLSERVER2005 database, the force control configuration software, based on the development of the three layer structure, and as the new ways of substation automation management for the monitoring system of the background image remote monitoring system .Completed the work for remote monitoring . Realize the process for intelligent monitoring.
High Power Generation by a Strain of Facultative Anaerobe in Double-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Song Jia Mei , Sun Dong Ping , Zhao Lei , Jiang Hong Ju , Zhu Chun Lin
Published: October 2011

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are systems that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy by biological oxidation, current effort to improve the power output is limited by the lack of knowledge about the electrochemical activity bacteria and researches on the power generation mechanisms of pure strains are rare. In this study, the exoelectrogenic (”exo” for exocellular) bacterium staphylococcus SJ-1 was directly isolated from the MFC, which was stably run for 90 days. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) indicated that temporary mediator produced by SJ-1 may take the work of transferring electron. A new built double-chamber MFC was inoculated with pure SJ-1, and after 40 days enrichment, the system produced 520mW/m2 power density and the highest open circuit voltage (OCV) reached to 616mV, the power output was higher than most of the single-strain MFCs reported.
Test and Analysis of Straw Compression and Baling
Authors: Li Yao Ming , Xu Jian , Xu Li Zhang , Zhao Zhan
Published: October 2011

In order to study the working performance of straw baler, this experiment adopts the self-developed test-bed of straw compression and bale. The unit power consumption, piston pressure, connecting rod pull pressure and bale density are obtained through survey and calculation. Then it analysis the influence of the different compression speed and different feeding amounts on machine performance and the components in the constant condition of factors such as straw moisture content. The results show that the best working performance of straw baler occurs when feeding amount is 1.0 kg/s and compression speed is 80 times/min. And the change of compression speed and feeding amount has little effect on bale density.
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Energy Grass’s Life Cycle Based on the BP Neural Network
Authors: Wei Zhen Lin , Han Jing , Song Ya Hui
Published: October 2011

Facing the tense situation of the world's energy, it is particularly important to develop and utilize environmentally friendly, renewable energy grass specially prepared for cellulosic ethanol production. Therefore, the establishment of a whole process of energy grass life cycle assessment model of production of cellulosic ethanol is necessary. This paper gives an inventory analysis of the life cycle of the process that uses energy grass to produce cellulosic ethanol, according to the theory of life cycle; and then uses BP neural network to assess environmental impact of this process. Research results show that the BP neural network meets the requirements of this environmental impact assessment, atmospheric pollutants and water pollutants of energy grass of cellulosic ethanol production process have reached the level of standard.
Research on Numerical Simulation of Micro-Scale Couette Flow System
Authors: Duan Xue Tao , Luo Hao , Xu Bin , Luo Jian Bin
Published: October 2011

In this paper, Couette flow which is a sort of flow system simplified in MEMS is explored mainly. The corresponding mathematical model has been built based on N- S Equation, Fourier’s Law and idea gas state equation. Applying the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQ) , the numerical simulation is made. The new model is verified using the direct simulation of Monte Carlo approach finally. The solutions of two different approaches are analyzed and compared. This model can been used to simulate the gas flow in the slip and transition region. The program of GDQ is simpler than DSMC’s and it’s running cost is much lower. The theoretical model is only able to predict the low speed flowing characteristic when Kn < 1. 2.
Ignition Quality of Biodiesel from Cottonseed and Soybean Oil
Authors: Lai Yong Bin , Yuan Yin Nan , Chen Xiu
Published: October 2011

The thermal analysis has been employed to yield information on the biodiesel ignition quality since the ignition quality influences the combustion and exhaust emissions of the fuels in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The chemical compositions of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD), soybean-based biodiesel (SME) and cottonseed-based biodiesel (CME) are analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ignition temperature of -10PD, SME and CME is determined by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The study shows that the biodiesel is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters: C14:0–C24:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. Biodiesel ignition quality is better than petrodiesel. The ignition temperature of CME and SME is 207.4 and 213.9 °C respectively. The ignition quality of biodiesel is better with shorter carbon chain lengths and more saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME).
Design and Optimization of the Exhausting-Flowing Remover in Fully-Mechanized Top-Coal Caving Mining Face
Authors: Zhai Guo Dong , Dong Zhi Feng , Yan Sheng Ming
Published: October 2011

Because of its high output，much more dust is produced in fully-mechanized Longwall mining with top-coal caving (LMTC) mining faces than in conventional mechanized mining faces without top-coal caving. Now dust control in fully-mechanized LMTC mining faces has become a key technological problem needed to be solved. Baced on the ejected dust removal technology, this paper developed a coal dust extraction which used in the fully mechanized LMTC mining face. For the optimization of the extraction’s property, measure systems are designed. By amounts of assembled experiment, the best structure of the extraction is found. In this paper, the research of the spray characteristic on the water nozzle was carried out by using the jet parameter testing system. Some important result can be gotten such as the velocity of spray particle, the distribution of the velocity, the diameter of spray particle, the spread of the spray particle etc. The study was helpful to optimizing the exhausting-flowing remover and improving the dust remover’s efficiency. From the industry examination, the coal dust extraction’s performance has greatly improved.
Construction of Non-Antibiotic Resistance Expression Vector by Secretory β-Gal as a Selective Marker in Lactobacillus
Authors: Sun Zhe , Zhang Hong Fu , Wang Ming
Published: October 2011

On account of the spreading problem of resistance gene and off-target effects of functional gene products expressed by bacteria, pMG36e, a plasmid with the erythromycin- resistance (Emr) gene, which could shuttle between Lactobacillus and E. coli, was reconstructed into a non-antibiotic secretory expression vector with the beta-Galactosidase (β-Gal) gene for selection, then linked a secretory signal peptide sequence to the non-antibiotic resistance vector, thus the secretory non-antibiotic resistance vector was constructed. Finally, to test the vector's function, the SO7 gene of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) was cloned into the vector and expressed successfully. This system may be used as a model to explore the feasibility of vaccine vectors using the β-Gal gene for selection, and collect fundamental data for expressing other homogeneous and heterogeneous functional genes in such a novel vector.
Supercritical Heat Transfer Correlation Select Study Based on Fuzzy Nearness Principle
Authors: Wang Han Ding , Zhou Tao , Luo Feng
Published: October 2011

Supercritical heat transfer correlations are obtained under the certain experimental conditions.The experimental parameters and its application scope is different under different experimental conditions, such as pressure, mass flow density, heat flux, tube diameter, temperature and so on. Supercritical heat transfer correlations are generally chosen in line with the correlation experimental conditions. However, some parameters are calculated under some conditions, under which we can not achieve good results, and at the same time it is prone to increase the deviation. We can choose the best experimental correlation of different experimental conditions based on the fuzzy nearness principles. The existent similarity degree mathematical model is limitated when calculating some similarity parameters.Using new mathematical calculation model resolves this problem, and we can get better experimental correlation for different supercritical heat transfer conditions with the relational selection.
Study of Hydrogen Producing Capacity and Micro-Structure of the Crop Stalks after Ball Milling
Authors: Zhang Zhi Ping , Zhang Quan Guo , Wang Yi , Yue Jian Zhi
Published: October 2011

Utilized the reducing sugar amount and cumulative hydrogen production that produced by the enzymolysis of the biomass crushed by the ball mill as reference, the experiments on the relationship between different sort of raw material and different reducing sugar yield show that the corncob reducing sugar yield and cumulative hydrogen production uptake after enzymolysis is highest, reaching 1088mL.Observed the microstructure of the crushing cornstalk and corncob with canning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, the analysis results showed that: after ball mill crushing, biomass cell wall was effectively opened, specific surface increased, particle size decreased, the microstructure changed and became loose and porous, the cellulose degree of crystallinity were all aggressively lowered, cellulase accessibility increased, the biomass degrees of saccharifying rate improved, made the hydrogen producing capacity increased efficiency.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization Analysis of Low CO2–Inducible Protein Gene from Dunaliella parva
Authors: Shang Chang Hua , Zhu Shun Ni , Yuan Zhen Hong , Wang Zhong Ming
Published: October 2011

Microalgae could modulate their photosynthesis to acclimate to CO2-limiting stress through inducing a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) which included carbonic anhydrases and inorganic carbon (Ci) transporters. However, Ci-speciﬁc transporters have not been well described in algae so far. The former studies indicated that low CO2-inducible protein (Lci) played a signiﬁcant role in the CCM, could increase Ci uptake and intracellular Ci accumulation under low CO2 conditions. The full-length cDNA encoding Lci was obtained from oleaginous microalgae Dunaliella parva, which include 1302 bp open reading frame (ORF), 255 bp 5′-untranslated sequence and 447 bp 3′-untranslated sequence. Similarity analysis revealed that the highest identity was found among Dunaliella parva, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri. The Dunaliella parva Lci also showed wide similarity with other species.
Study on Dynamic Stability, Commutation Failure of Multi-Infeed HVDC Power Transmission System
Authors: Wang Zhi Dong , Liu Lian Guang
Published: October 2011

The electromagnetic transient modeling method was presented for the system, the system equivalent and model treatment were also concerned. The EMTDC (electromagnetic transient simulation software) was used to establish the simulation model covered a total of 5 HVDC transmission lines, including a ±800kV UHVDC transmission system from Yunnan to Guangdong. The use of detailed converter model can solve the problem of limitations in previous studies. The research focused on the dynamic stability and commutation failure when kinds of faults occurred in AC/DC system. The result of the work has provided a theoretical foundation for such system, also provided a feasible way for the dynamics study of large-scale multi-infeed HVDC system by using of the electromagnetic transient simulation model.
Effects of Metal Stress on Visible/Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Vegetation
Authors: Chi Guang Yu , Shi Yi , Chen Xin , Ma Jian , Zheng Tai Hui
Published: October 2011

Vegetation which suffers from heavy metal stresses can cause changes of leaf color, shape and structural changes. The spectral characteristics of vegetation leaves is related to leaf thickness, leaf surface characteristics, the content of water, chlorophyll and other pigments. So the eco-physiology changes of plants can be reflected by spectral reflectance. Studies on the spectral response of vegetation to heavy metal stress can provide a theoretical basis for remote sensing monitoring of metal pollution in soils. In recent decades, there are substantial amounts of literature exploring the effects of heavy metals on vegetation spectra.
Study on China’s Eco-Innovation Performance Based on the Comparison with Three Northeastern Provinces
Authors: Hua Zhen , Guo Zhen
Published: October 2011

This paper constructs the indicator system for evaluating eco-innovation, and studies the eco-innovation performance of 30 provinces in China in 2009 by the factor analysis method, and makes a comparison analysis with the situation of three northeastern provinces. The result shows: innovative strength, technical environment and the degree of environment protection are the key factors influencing eco-innovation performance, the innovative strength of Liaoning province is the greatest in three northeastern provinces, but it's at greater expense of environment; Heilongjiang Province has better environment for technology development, but innovative strength is weak; Jilin province has no advantage in these three factors
The Review and Summary of the Research on Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Guo Xiao Liang , Ni Ming Fang , Lin Wang Peng , Wu Xiu Peng
Published: October 2011

LCA is the embodiment and technicalization of sustainable development, is tolerance and technical support of sustainable development. Meanwhile, LCA is the important mean and scientific method of ecological environment design, clean production audit, environmental material development too. Firstly, this thesis expatiates on the proposition background and basic intension of LCA. Secondly, the thesis summarizes domestic and foreign research actuality of LCA on this basis. Foreign LCA theoretical research has achieved great success, but still there are places not perfect either, which reflect in technological detail mainly. Because of short developing time, domestic accumulation of LCI is still far from enough. Finally, the thesis summarizes: LCA is not only applied to technological sciences and natural science, but also is applied extensively to social science, economic science, management science and international relationship etc; The implementation of LCA not only depends on LCA standard, but also depends on the implementer's exact understanding of method and target and one's own experience and technological background, and there is much limitation mainly in practical application.
Research on the Thermal Storage Performance of Solid-Solid Phase-Change Material Used in the Wall
Authors: Yan Quan Ying , Jin Li Li
Published: October 2011

Solid-solid phase change material can increase the thermal storage capacity of the wall, decrease the indoor temperature fluctuation and building energy consumption when it was used in the phase change material (PCM) wall. This paper investigated experimentally the phase change temperature and latent heat of polyalcohols binary system with different component, and analyzed the feasibility of phase change wall. The results show that binary systems have suitable phase change temperature and bigger phase change latent. They are ideal phase change materials used in the wall.
Adorption and Kinetics Studies of Baritite on Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ge Peng , Wan Li Juan , Xu Ya Jing
Published: October 2011

Among the investigated clays and minerals (kaolinite, natural zeolite, manual zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, sepiolite amianthus, tremolite amianthus, vermiculite and baritite), the baritite clay was selected as the optimal adsorbent for aqueous Cr (VI). The Cr (VI) adsorption capacity on baritite clay reached as high as 39.01 mg∙g−1 at 20°C. Then the adsorption kinetics of Cr (VI) by the baritite clay were investigated in details. Results showed that the pseudo-second-order model was a suitable description for the adsorption kinetics and fitted well with the experimental data.
Trends Analysis on Manganese Demand by GM(1,1)
Authors: Xu Long Jun , Chen Dong Mei , Li Li , Feng Yi Ming
Published: October 2011

Based on the actual data of Xiushan County and Chinese manganese demand, GM (1, 1) model was established to predict the manganese demand. The prediction accuracies of Xiushan’s manganese demand, Chinese manganese production and exports were respectively 95.5%, 94.5% and 96.3%. Residual error test showed that the model was reliable and could be used to predict the manganese demands in the future five years. And the demands would be grown exponentially with time. The predictive results indicated that the supply safeguard was worrying.
Study on the Optimization of the Industry Chain in Typical Energy and Coal Chemical Industry Base
Authors: Gao Bao , Fu Ze Qiang , Shen Peng
Published: October 2011

The development of Energy and Coal Chemical Industry Base (ECCIB) is not only the important impetus of the regional economy, but also the guarantee of national energy security. In the near future, China will develop seven Energy and Coal Chemical Industry Bases. Ningdong ECCIB is selected to be a typical case for the further analysis in the paper. The food web of Ningdong ECCIB is obtained based on the material metabolism analysis of ECCIB and the relative statistics of Ningdong ECCIB. Then it is evaluated by the associating relation rate and the waste recycling rate. It is concluded that the associating relation rate of Ningdong ECCIB is 0.378 which is higher than the average of the rate of the eco-industrial parks in China. The solid waste recycling rate of Ningdong ECCIB is 30.38%, while the waste water recycling rate is 28.17%. They are both relatively lower. Accordingly, several optimization countermeasures are proposed.
Research of Equipment Sustainable Development Based on Resource Constraint
Authors: Ni Ming Fang , Wei Yang Zhuo , Kang Lu Xi , Fan Zhong
Published: October 2011

Under the background of fact that the shortage situation of present global being severer and severer day by day, the army equipment development faces enormous challenge. How to walk out a low-input, high-efficient road of equipment construction seems particularly important, which has been a great strategic task of the modernization of military equipment. Based on the resource constraint, this article aims at the resource "bottlenecks" such as the unreasonable structure of energy consumption, high dependence of traditional fossil energy, large resource dependent degree on foreign countries, low resource utilization efficiency, serious environmental pollution, starts from every stage of the whole life cycle of equipment, regards idea of sustainable development as guidelines, proposes strategic actions including strengthening the resource design, adjusting the energy consumption structure, strengthening resources substitute, improving the recycling system and so on, in order to break through resource constraint and realize the strategic measures of equipment sustainable development, in the hope of having some realistic significance in equipment construction and development under the new situation.
Fermentation Quality and Nutritive Value of Total Mixed Ration Silage of Green Tea Grounds
Authors: Xu Chun Cheng , Wang Hui Li , Yang Fu Yu , Zhang Jian Guo
Published: October 2011

Six wethers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square to study the fermentation quality and nutritive value of total mixed ration (TMR) silages which included wet green tea grounds (WGTG). The TMR silages were prepared using compound feed, corn, soybean meal, timothy hay, alfalfa hay, dried beet pulp and vitamin-mineral supplement, with soybean meal and alfalfa hay being replaced by WGTG at 0, 10 or 20% on dar matter (DM) basis. All TMR silages, irrespective of WGTG addition, were well preserved with low pH and ammonia-N content, and high lactic acid content. Increasing concentrations of WGTG in the rations decreased the digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and energy (P < 0.05). The total digestibility nutrients and digestible energy contents of TMR silages at 0% and 10% WGTG were similar, however, the TMR silage at 20% WGTG was lower (P < 0.05). With progressive increases in WGTG concentrations, intake nitrogen, urinary nitrogen and retained nitrogen did not differ, but the fecal nitrogen increased (P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that the proportion of WGTG to be incorporated into TMR silages should not exceed 10% of the DM.
Analysis on Large-Scale Pig Farm and the Development of Biogas Engineering - Taking Qionglai City as an Example
Authors: Zhu Qi Li , Hu Qi Chun , Pan Ke
Published: October 2011

As an effective method of disposal for animal manure, Scientific and economical biogas engineering plays an important role in accelerating construction of eco-agriculture, and also protecting eco-agriculture environment. Meanwhile, there are some problems related to technic and policy with large-scale biogas engineering, which seriously influence its development. So, this paper took Qionglai city as an example, summed up the present status, existent problems of intensive culture and biogas engineering, which based on analyzing the inherent relations between the scale of pig farming and disposal capacity of biogas engineering. It also expected the developing potential of large-scale biogas engineering.
A Program of Sustainability - Understanding of End Users’ Value and Social Perspective
Authors: Wong Yuk Kuen
Published: October 2011

Sustainable development has evolved to address current-day environmental challenges which are global in nature. This paper outlines important as it recognizes that to be able to fully quantify the benefits of sustainable projects, one of the critical measures that needs to be taken into account is end user value and social perspective. This research will develop a framework to evaluate end users’ value perception and social factors of sustainable projects and empirically test this framework. The Framework will help to develop a program of sustainability and determine best practices for sustainable project development and elucidate critical environmental and social benefits with impact across the whole economy.
An Active-Parallel Hybrid Energy Storage System Applied for Regulating Fluctuant Wind Power
Authors: Yu Peng , Oodo Ogidi Stephen , Zou He Ping , Wang Dong , Sun Hui
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the wind power fluctuation is divided into three categories. For the purpose of balancing all kinds of wind power fluctuation to enhance the penetration levels of wind power, we propose an active-parallel hybrid energy storage system (APHESS). The APHESS is composed of a battery, a supercapacitor, and two charge-discharge controllers. By combining the battery with the supercapacitor, the APHESS obtains the enhanced energy storage performance. Therefore, the investment cost can be reduced. By the reasonable design on the operation mode of APHESS, the APHESS can interchange power precisely with the wind power system. Furthermore, the battery and supercapacitor can suppress separately different kinds of wind power fluctuation to make their own energy storage properties fully utilized. The APHESS can be widely used in wind farm for the real-time regulation on wind power
A Modified Thermodynamic Model to Estimate the Performance of Geothermal Aided Power Generation Plant
Authors: Qin Ji Yun , Hu Eric Jing , Nathan Graham
Published: October 2011

Using geothermal resources to instead of steam bled form the turbine steam to preheat feed water in a conventional Rankine cycle power station is also termed as geothermal aided power generation (GAPG), this offers a significant potential for the large-scale utilization of geothermal energy for power generation. GAPG enables the conversion of low temperature geothermal energy in the case of 90-260°C into power at a higher efficiency. In GAPG system, geothermal heat is used to preheat the feed water of power generation, instead of the extraction steam, thus the steam flows through the lower stages turbine have changed. In other words, the lower stage turbine works under off-design conditions. However, previous simulation models for the GAPG and solar aided power generation (SAPG), have not considered this turbine off-design operation. Under the off-design conditions, the isentropic efficiency of the turbine and pressure, temperature of each stage of turbines change which lead to the change of the output of turbine. In this paper, a modified thermodynamic model has been developed, considering these changes, which then can estimate the performance of a GAPG plant more accurately than the previous models. The results from various models are compared in this paper.
The Factor Analysis of Energy Efficiency Based on Technological Progress, the Changes of Industrial Structure and the Living Consumption
Authors: Li Zhi Bin , Lu Xi Ju
Published: October 2011

Energy efficiency is one important index of a regional economic and social sustainable development strategy. To find some original factors influenced on the energy efficiency, we used energy data concerned during 1996-2008 in China and calculated the efficiency data in Laspeyres Decomposition, then analyzed the factors' influence values and energy efficiency's developing trend, at last, put forward the strategic advice. The data showed that energy intensity has declined from 1996 to 2008, and energy intensity change was mainly affected by technological progress factors. Except for 2002 to 2003, the energy intensity was declining in rest periods, and the factor of technological progress and the factor of the drop in life consumption have been playing positive roles to the decrease in the energy intensity, while the unreasonable industrial structure change had a negative effect on the decrease in the energy intensity.
Energy Research and Endogenous Growth
Authors: Zuo Hui , Ai Dan Xiang
Published: October 2011

Technology progress is essential to keeping energy supply uninterruptable and maintaining sustainable economic growth. In this paper, we develop an endogenous growth model with energy research and make analysis of the relationship between energy research and economic growth by means of dynamic optimization. We find that the long run economic growth rate is related to the intensity of energy research work and a greater intensity of energy research activity will result in a higher increasing rate of energy supply sources. We also find energy research has special effects on labor force redistribution. Investment in the energy research sector will break free from decreasing marginal return of energy production and will eventually help economy step into sustainable growth.
Sustainability Evaluation of Low Carbon Technology and Transition Plan of Building Industry in Chongming, Shanghai
Authors: Huang Bei Jia , Yang Hai Zhen , Ru Guo , Wang Shao Ping
Published: October 2011

In order to meet the GHG reduction and sustainable goals in industry development, we need those strategies that are not only reducing GHG emissions but also not compromising other economic, environmental and social priorities. The low carbon and sustainable requirements in industry development are analyzed by reviewing the existing related researches. Multi-Attributive Assessment method is selected as the most appropriate one for the study. Indicators and utility value functions of the assessment system are accordingly set up. Building industry in Chongming, Shanghai is analyzed as case study. Most potential technologies and their preferential order are figured out after evaluation. CO2 emission reduction requirement in 2015 is worked out as 0.68 t for low carbon scenario and 1.36t for ideal scenario. Required building area is then calculated. Results show the low carbon scenario is possible to meet if the existing and new construction buildings can well apply the selected technologies.
The Ecological Design and Developmental Ways of Ecological Textile
Authors: Wang Yan Li , Li Jing , Zhou Mei Hua , Ma Li Xia , Zhao Yan Chao
Published: October 2011

At first, the paper introduces the international development trends of textiles, and indicates that we must conform to the ecological textile to resolve the green barriers. Then the paper introduces the concept and the essence of this ecological design, and raises the ways that achieves ecological textile from ecological evolving, ecological running, ecological designing, etc. At last, the paper introduces the ways of realizing ecological textile from four factors which are using regeneration material, reducing material consumption, elevating textile life and reusing the castoff textile.
Study and Assessment of Migration Sustainability in Hydroelectric Power Project
Authors: Sun Zhong Gen , Hu Zhi Jiang , Han Xiao
Published: October 2011

The migration sustainability assessment of hydroelectric power projects is core means to assay resettlement effects. It’s also the important basis of development and support for hydroelectric power projects. This paper is based on sustainability, and the contents of sustainable migrant assessment include sustainable development of population, sustainable development of economic, sustainable development of resources, sustainable development of environment and sustainable development of society. The migrant sustainable assessment is an combined type which includes individual index assessment and comprehensive assessment of index system.
Planning and Constructing of Evaluating Indexes System of Military Ecological Residential Area
Authors: Wu Wei , Chen Rong Jun , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2011

The article discussed the methods for evaluating ecological circumstance quality. Based on the present situation and investigation, the evaluating indexes system and the model for military ecological residential area were constructed. And put forward the concrete evaluating methods. Through scientific, impersonal and intact evaluation of ecological system of military ecological residential area, the construction, function and dynamic changes of the ecological system of military ecological residential area were discussed. The studies provided scientific basis for the planning and constructing of military residential area.
Dynamics of Regional Recycling Economy Development Based on Material Flow Analysis: A Case Study in Shandong Province
Authors: Geng Dian Ming , Liu Jia Xiang
Published: October 2011

In order to study the development of regional recycling economy, the material inputs and outputs of the eco-economic system in Shandong Province during the period from 1996 to 2009 were systematically analyzed by the material flow analysis(MFA). The results show that, (1)excluding water, material inputs and outputs rose persistently, but both were lower than the rate of GDP growth. (2)Water supply had a turning point in 2003, from 25.239 billion tons down to 21.934 billion tons, followed by the total annual water supply has been maintained at 220 million tons. At the same time the amount of wastewater emissions is increasing, especially domestic wastewater emissions had faster growth and that increased pressure on the regional water environment;(3) Steady increase in material input intensity, material output intensity presented a first increased and then decreased trend, that showed since Shandong Province proposed the strategic planning to develop circular economy, the development of regional circular economy have improved the material utilization efficiency and made a material reduction in output in the case of material input growth achieved. The rapid increase of material input and output efficiency further illustrated the efficiency of resource comprehensive utilization and waste output have been significantly improved.
Hollow Urchins MnO2 Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Li Xiao Hong , Hu Fei , Jiang Xiang Ping
Published: October 2011

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanostructures have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystallographic structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of MnO2 nanoparticles have been measured by XRD, SEM, TEM, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It is shown that the hydrothermal temperature and reaction time have played an important role on the crystallographic structure and morphology of the MnO2 particles. And the MnO2 particles composed of hollow urchins exhibits a higher specific capacitance of 210 F/g.
Research on Coupling Design of Rainwater Harvesting System Under the Urban Planning Frame
Authors: Xue Bin Xia , Zhao Zhi Qing , Wei Li
Published: October 2011

The collection and utilization of urban rainwater is currently a substantial measure of ecological construction in the city which covers a variety of technologies used and reflected in the multi-dimensional overlap with the urban space. By analyzing the current trends in related technology in the world, the paper probes the organic integration of rainwater collected system with urban spatial structure and elements in a view of overall optimization. Then the paper proposes to set up the coupled design pattern for urban rainwater recycling system in a way of district division, facility grading and rainwater classification according to the characteristics of land use mode and urban planning frame.
Wavelet Transform for Starting Characteristics of Three-Phase Cage Asynchronous Motor
Authors: Li Yuan Yuan , Liu Qi Zhong , Yu Chao Gang
Published: October 2011

In electric machinery performance test, tooth harmonic time-frequency characters of first order of three-phase cage asynchronous motor are most important. The MATLAB software is used to make model and simulate the starting characteristic of asynchronous motor in this article, while the stator current signal of starting motor is de noised by wavelet transform. Through decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform, the amplitude of fundamental and harmonic wave in de noising stator current can be reduced, and then the tooth harmonic of first order of starting rotor is extracted. Using the excellent time-frequency analyzing characters of wavelet package transform, the tooth harmonic time-frequency curve is fitted.
A Study of Biomass Material Pretreatment by Microwave-Based Heating
Authors: Tseng Kuo Hsiung , Shiao Yong Fong , Yeh Yu Ting
Published: October 2011

This study discussed the application of microwave-based heating for the pretreatment of biomass material, and selected Pennisetum purpureum for pretreatment. The Taguchi method was used to plan optimization experiments for pretreatment parameter levels, and measured the dynamic responses. With lower frequency of experiments, this study analyzed and determined a parameter combination in which Pennisetum purpureum can be rapidly heated to 190°C. The experimental results indicate an eight-order ARX model (Auto-Regressive eXogeneous) was representative of actual system performance, and the fit was 99.13%.
Construction of Harmonious Coexistence System between Green Building and Environment
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Hai Yang , Qu Xian Feng , Guan You Hai , Li Juan
Published: October 2011

Global warming has led to a lot of extreme weather phenomenon, which brought many disasters to our human being. On the context of the global climate change, the coexistence between green building and environment is especially important. In this paper, the relationship between green building and environment is discussed, and the constructing green building is a systematic project, which should be respect nature in all activities such as plan and design, construction and rebuilding with the aim to minimize the negative influence on environment as much as possible. The harmonious coexistence between green building and environment should be realized.
Application Optimization of Grey Model in Power Load Forecasting
Authors: Dai Li Xin , Hu Fang Fang
Published: October 2011

Article introduces the gray prediction GM (1,1) and the modeling process that first proposed by Professor Deng Julong. The system analyzes its advantages and disadvantages. With the development of electricity market, the importance of load forecasting is becoming increasingly obvious. An increasing demand for the accuracy of load forecasting is significant. The result traditional forecasting predicts has reference value and the method is mature. But some improvement is needed to improve prediction accuracy.
Modeling and Apply Instance for Building Energy-Saving Effect Evaluation
Authors: Yang Hong Xia , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2011

As a systems engineering, the primary factor of building energy-saving is determined, and the essential factor's reciprocity is researched, and then, divides the multi-essential factors into the tower system hierarchical structure for solving matter about the single index evaluation formed synthesis results of multi index. Mathematical model of tower appraisal system, with multi-index, is established based on the system theory and the analytic hierarchy method. And the evaluation model established is applied to the actual construction to carry on the multi-index comprehensive quantification evaluation to confirm model being feasibility and the validity.
Study on Rural Sustainable Development Strategies Based on "Amenity Value"
Authors: Rui Yang , Jiao Lin Xi
Published: October 2011

The connotation of “amenity value” was elaborated, and its role in improving agricultural production environment and operation pattern, promoting rural economic development and quality of rural residents was highlighted. On this basis, a new rural value system was established from the perspectives of agricultural functions, industrial forms and economic forms, and the concept of “rural amenities” was defined. Moreover, the development targets of “rural amenities” were analyzed, including the overall objectives and those specific ones from three aspects of production, life and ecology, and finally suggestions on the development of “rural amenities” were proposed, that is, elaborate production, elegant life and refined ecology.
Analysis on Energy Saving Effect of Inner Sunshade in Beijing Area
Authors: Wang Wei Lun , Xie Jing Chao , Yang Wei , Ma Xiao Ming
Published: October 2011

By means of researching an office building in Beijing area and making simulation analysis on the data concerning energy saving effect of building sunshade, the paper investigates the effects of different sunshade systems on indoor temperature and cooling load, and theologically selects the optimal sunshade system best suitable to Beijing area. The research shows that if a suitable inner sunshade system is applied, an energy saving effect of over 30% can reached.
Novel and Enviromentaly Friendly Mechanical Technique to Improve the Flow in Water Pipelienes
Authors: Abdulbari Hayder A. , Bin Mohd Yunus Rosli , Bin Hassan Zulkafli , Mahmood Wafaa Kamil , Hooi C
Published: October 2011

The paper is concerned with an experimental investigation of the drag reduction in turbulent channel flow over the mechanical chain. A circulating loop for the fluid flow with 0.0381 inside diameter of pipe is set up. The testing length of the system is 1.5m.Wall shear stress reduction performance has been investigated experimentally for various design geometry surfaces including a replica of bent consisting of stainless steel model scales. Attempts to optimize the net drag reduction by varying the design geometry and alignment are also discussed. The study indicated that the mechanical chain taken in water flow is capable to decrease the friction drag of a turbulent flow up to 40%. The maximum percentage was achieved in 39.37L/D at RE equal to 56733. The results show that a substantial drag reduction can be achieved by this mechanical chain in aqueous media.
Effects of Storage Conditions on Physical Properties of Cut Tobacco
Authors: Liu Hua , He Rong , Tan Qi Zhong , Huang Zhi , Qi Yan Peng , Ding Kang Zhong , Zhou Miao Miao
Published: October 2011

In order to research effects of storage conditions on physical properties of cut tobacco, storage temperature, storage humidity and storage time were studied by uniform design method in this paper. Intuitive analysis results showed that the best store process parameters such as storage temperature, humidity and time were 26°C, 61% and 32h respectively. Stepwise regression analysis results indicated storage process parameters affected physical properties of cut tobacco such as moisture content, filling power, proportion of long strands and its conversion extremely. And the regression equations were significant effective. But there was no efficacious regression equation between proportion of small strands of cut tobacco and storage process parameters.