bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensemble modeling of black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) habitat in the Taiwan Strait based on oceanographic variables
Authors: Mondal Sandipan , Lee Ming An , Chen Yu-Kai , Wang Yi-Chen
Published: March 2023

The location, effort, number of captures, and time of fishing were all used in this study to assess the geographic distribution of Parastromateus niger in the Taiwan Strait. Other species distribution models performed worse than generalized linear models (GLMs) based on six oceanographic parameters. The sea surface temperature (SST) was between 26.5 °C and 29.5 °C, the sea surface chlorophyll (SSC) level was between 0.3–0.44 mg/m3, the sea surface salinity (SSS) was between 33.4 °C and 34.4 °C, the mixed layer depth was between 10 °C and 14 °C, the sea surface height was between 0.57 °C and 0.77 °C, and the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) was between 0.603 °C. According to the statistical findings, SST is merely a small effect compared to SSS, SSC level, and EKE in terms of impacting species distribution. By combining four effective single-algorithm models with no obvious bias, an ensemble habitat model was created. The ranges of 117°E–119°E and 22°N–24°N have the highest annual distributions of S.CPUE and nominal CPUE.
Online System QoS Enhancement of Flipped Classroom for Intelligent Manufacturing Specialty Based on Intelligent Information Platform
Authors: Wei Xianglin , Li Xiaoli
Published: March 2023

In-depth analysis of the online teaching mode of the "Machine Vision and Inspection" course of the intelligent manufacturing major, and research on the teaching work of the machine vision and inspection course from the teaching objectives and positioning and the key content of the course. And in our school network engineering major Corresponding experiments were carried out. The pilot results show that, for ordinary colleges and universities aiming at cultivating applied talents, the characteristic reform of the original network engineering-related majors can effectively meet the local demand for talents in this field. It is an end-to-end QoS monitoring solution that combines deployment and centralized management.
Research on Innovative Training Mode of High-Skilled Talents in Equipment Manufacturing Industry Based on School-Enterprise Cooperation
Authors: Wei Xianglin , Li Xiaoli
Published: March 2023

School-enterprise cooperation is not only one of the prominent features of modern vocational education, but also helps to strengthen the cooperation between vocational colleges and enterprises, and the combination of teaching and production. It is an important way to realize the development of modern vocational education and build a high-skilled personnel training system. From the perspective of the significance of school-enterprise cooperation in the process of cultivating high-skilled talents, the key factors of the cultivation system of high-skilled talents based on school-enterprise cooperation, the mechanism of "government leadership, industry guidance, and enterprise participation" should be played to promote the deep integration of vocational education with industrial and regional economic development, improve the quality of the cultivation of skilled talents in high-end equipment manufacturing industry, and improve the innovation of the cultivation mode of high-end equipment talents.
Research on the Integration of Ideological and Political Education and Modern Apprenticeship in Colleges and Universities in the New Era
Authors: Xiang Zhu
Published: March 2023

With the continuous development and progress of society, universities, as important bases for talent cultivation, not only need to impart professional knowledge, but also need to shape students' correct outlook on life, values, and worldviews. This requires universities to adopt up-to-date ways and methods in ideological and political education. Apprenticeship, as a very ancient educational method, has also developed modern apprenticeship under the background of modernization. It is based on practice, focuses on the cultivation of vocational skills and personality qualities, which meets the requirements of ideological and political education in new era universities. This paper analyzes the characteristics and connotations of ideological and political education in new era universities and modern apprenticeship, explores the compatibility between the two, and proposes how universities can promote the modernization and deepening of ideological and political education through the introduction of modern apprenticeship.
Fusões e Aquisições: caracterização e evolução no Brasil no período 1992- 2007
Authors: Borges Ana Cláudia Giannini , Costa Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar a evolução das Fusões e Aquisições (F&A) no Brasil, no período de 1992 a 2007, em diversos setores de atividade, registrando sua presença, nesse período, nas regiões geográficas e ainda diferenciando F&A domésticas e cross border. Partiu-se da hipótese de que as F&A, no Brasil, foram estimuladas a partir da década de 1990, por fatores de diversas ordens, parte dos quais afetaram a Economia Brasileira e as empresas de modo geral e por outros com impactos específicos sobre determinadas empresas e setores. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, qualitativa, com tratamento quali-quantitativo. Foram utilizados dados e informações de fonte secundária. A análise do processo evolutivo foi feita a partir de publicações da KPMG. Pôde-se constatar, a partir dos dados coletados e confrontados com outros estudos teóricos e setoriais sobre F&A, que para a compreensão desse processo devem ser avaliados tanto o ambiente macro quanto o microeconômico.
Evaluation of Serum Soluble Endoglin Levels in Pre-eclampsia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sawarkar Yuganti C , Agarwal Rachna , Mehndiratta Mohit , Suneja Amita , Aggarwal Richa
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Soluble Endoglin (sEng) has an anti-angiogenic effect, by inhibiting of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 bond at endoglin receptors and inhibiting vasodilatation. sEng levels increase in Pre-eclampsia (PE) due to hypoxic placenta and there have been possible role of it in the pathogenesis of PE and its therapeutic implications. Aim: To compare serum sEng levels in pre-eclamptic patients (cases) versus control. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out November 2019 to October 2021, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi. On 40 cases with a singleton pregnancy with diagnosis of PE enrolled as cases and 40 normal healthy pregnant women matched for age and gestational age as controls. sEng was estimated using commercially available Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Last uterine (Ut) and Umbilical Artery (UA) doppler findings were noted and sEng levels were compared with doppler studies. The analysis was done using student t-test and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 80 participants were included in the study, 40 in case group (mean age 26.53±4.93 years) and 40 in control group (mean age: 25.35±3.10 years). A total of 21 PE cases were Non Severe PE (NSPE) (52.5%) and 19 were Severe PE (SPE) (47.5%). Early-onset PE was observed in n=11 (28%) and the remaining n=29 (72%) had late-onset PE. sEng was significantly higher in pre-eclamptic women 55.08±21.42 ng/mL as compared to controls 44.15±12.02 ng/mL (p=0.006). Higher levels of sEng were seen in SPE 59.20±28.44 ng/mL vs NSPE 51.36±11.66 ng/mL (p 0.066). sEng levels between early onset PE (50.93±5.89 ng/mL) and late onset PE (56.66±24.84 ng/ ml) (p= 0.832). sEng levels were higher in cases with abnormal Resistance Index (RI) of Ut artery 54.23±6.68 ng/mL than in normal RI of Ut artery 54.23±6.68 ng/mL, though not significant. Abnormal Ut artery RI doppler was seen more in early-onset (n=2, 33%) than in late onset PE (n=1, 7%). Conclusion: PE cases had significantly higher levels of sEng compared to controls. Thus, it can be concluded that, there is a definitive role of sEng in pathogenesis of PE due to its antiangiogenic action.
Dehydroepiandrosterone and Acute Stress Attenuation: An Interventional Rodent Study
Authors: Kuppusamy Tamilselvan , Veeraraghavan Gayathri , Silambanan Santhi , Perumal Muraliswaran , Ramaswamy Padmavathi
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Stress activates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to the release of glucocorticoid that mediates the stress response. This adaptive response is self-limited but if persistent for prolonged periods can lead to disease states. Nature has endowed the body with efficient buffer systems to attenuate the stress effects and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid hormone with neuromodulatory functions is implicated as an efficient candidate to buffer stress. Aim: To assess the effect of prophylactic administration of DHEA in the attenuation of acute stress in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was carried out at centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, between June 2021 and August 2021, in compliance with the animal welfare guidelines of CPCSEA, and in accordance to the protocol approved by Institutional animal ethics committee. The 18 male Wistar rats approved for the study were segregated into 3 groups with 6 animals in control (no stress) group, 6 in stress group and 6 in intervention group that received DHEA prophylactically 30 min before stress procedure. Animals in stress and intervention groups were subjected to one hour immobilisation stress. Blood samples were collected from all animals after the stress period and serum corticosterone, the stress marker, was estimated. The data were expressed as mean±standard error of mean (mean±SEM) and Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the significant difference between the: (i) control & stress groups; (ii) stress & study groups; and (iii) control & study groups. The p-value<0.05 was considered significant. The analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The values of corticosterone in control, stress and intervention groups were 26.6±4.4 ng/mL, 51.6±3.9 ng/mL and 23.4±3.6 ng/mL, respectively. Significant difference in the mean serum corticosterone levels with p-value 0.013 between control and stress groups and with p-value 0.008 between stress and DHEA groups were observed. Conclusion: It could be observed from the findings that prophylactic DHEA administration attenuated acute stress efficiently in male Wistar rats as reflected by the significant decrease in serum corticosterone levels in the group that received DHEA intervention, thus inferring the efficiency of DHEA in stress buffering.
Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller-based Weather Acquisition Device
Authors: Samuel Aneke Chikezie , Micheal Asuquo Philip , Simeon Ozuomba
Published: March 2023

An atmospheric data acquisition device is designed to ease and improve on the current method of acquiring Temperature, Pressure, and Relative Humidity measurement at different altitudes. The proposed work aims to solve the problem of inadequate atmospheric data by monitoring atmospheric weather conditions using sensors while the microcontroller processes the data collected and relays it to the user. This research was carried out at the University of Uyo, between September 2018 and January, 2023. Considering that weather forecasting is of the utmost importance in our current society, the system has been built using a BME280 module for the atmospheric parameters acquisition, an ESP8266 as the microcontroller for Data processing, and a wireless module for processing and transfer of the data from the BME module, a NEO6M GPS module for longitude and latitude, a Li-ion cell to power the components and a TP4056 circuit to recharge the Li-ion cell. A web application Thingspeak.com was incorporated to help the user interact and access the data to enable ease of understanding and real-time logging of the data collected. This work is targeted toward the weather forecasting sector, agricultural sector, and individuals which may wish to gather information about the atmosphere for knowledge consumption. The results show that this device has a good performance for capturing atmospheric parameters for real-time monitoring purposes.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence, Treatment, and Control in US Adults Aged 20 to 44 Years, 2009 to March 2020
Authors: Aggarwal Rahul , Yeh Robert W. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Wadhera Rishi K.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Declines in cardiovascular mortality have stagnated in the US over the past decade, in part related to worsening risk factor control in older adults. Little is known about how the prevalence, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors have changed among young adults aged 20 to 44 years.

Objective

To determine if the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and tobacco use), treatment rates, and control changed among adults aged 20 to 44 years from 2009 through March 2020, overall and by sex and race and ethnicity.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Serial cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 20 to 44 years in the US participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2010 to 2017–March 2020).

Main Outcomes and Measures

National trends in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and smoking history; treatment rates for hypertension and diabetes; and blood pressure and glycemic control in those receiving treatment.

Results

Among 12 924 US adults aged 20 to 44 years (mean age, 31.8 years; 50.6% women), the prevalence of hypertension was 9.3% (95% CI, 8.1%-10.5%) in 2009-2010 and 11.5% (95% CI, 9.6%-13.4%) in 2017-2020. The prevalence of diabetes (from 3.0% [95% CI, 2.2%-3.7%] to 4.1% [95% CI, 3.5%-4.7%]) and obesity (from 32.7% [95% CI, 30.1%-35.3%] to 40.9% [95% CI, 37.5%-44.3%]) increased from 2009-2010 to 2017-2020, while the prevalence of hyperlipidemia decreased (from 40.5% [95% CI, 38.6%-42.3%] to 36.1% [95% CI, 33.5%-38.7%]). Black adults had high rates of hypertension across the study period (2009-2010: 16.2% [95% CI, 14.0%-18.4%]; 2017-2020: 20.1% [95% CI, 16.8%-23.3%]), and significant increases in hypertension were observed among Mexican American adults (from 6.5% [95% CI, 5.0%-8.0%] to 9.5% [95% CI, 7.3%-11.7%]) and other Hispanic adults (from 4.4% [95% CI, 2.1%-6.8%] to 10.5% [95% CI, 6.8%-14.3%]), while Mexican American adults had a significant rise in diabetes (from 4.3% [95% CI, 2.3%-6.2%] to 7.5% [95% CI, 5.4%-9.6%]). The percentage of young adults treated for hypertension who achieved blood pressure control did not significantly change (from 65.0% [95% CI, 55.8%-74.2%] in 2009-2010 to 74.8% [95% CI, 67.5%-82.1%] in 2017-2020], while glycemic control among young adults receiving treatment for diabetes remained suboptimal throughout the study period (2009-2010: 45.5% [95% CI, 27.7%-63.3%]) to 2017-2020: 56.6% [95% CI, 39.2%-73.9%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In the US, diabetes and obesity increased among young adults from 2009 to March 2020, while hypertension did not change and hyperlipidemia declined. There was variation in trends by race and ethnicity.
Investigation of somatic mutation profiles and tumor evolution of primary oropharyngeal cancer and sequential lymph node metastases using multiregional whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Sim Nam Suk , Shin Su‐Jin , Park Inho , Yoon Sun Och , Koh Yoon Woo , Kim Se‐Heon , Park Young Min
Published: March 2023

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important factor in determining the treatment and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Here, we compared the somatic mutational profiles and clonal evolution of primary and metastatic LNs using multiregion sequencing of human papilloma virus (HPV)‐positive OPSCC and HPV‐negative OPSCC. We performed high‐depth whole‐exome sequencing (200×) of 76 samples from 18 patients with OPSCC (10 HPV‐positive and 8 HPV‐negative), including 18 primary tumor samples, 40 metastatic LN samples, and 18 normal tissue samples. Among 40 metastatic LNs, 22 showed extranodal extension (ENE). Mutation profiles of HPV‐positive OPSCC and HPV‐negative OPSCC were similar to those reported previously. Somatic mutations in CDKN2A and TP53 were frequently detected in HPV‐negative OPSCC. Somatic mutations in HPV‐positive OPSCC samples showed APOBEC‐related signatures. Somatic mutations from metastatic LNs showed a different pattern than the primary tumor. Somatic mutations acquired in the WNT pathway during metastasis showed a significant relationship with ENE. Clonal evolution analysis of primary and metastatic LNs showed that, in some cases, each metastatic LN originated from a different primary tumor sub‐clone.
Improved detection of homologous recombination deficiency in Chinese patients with ovarian cancer: a novel non‐exonic single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐based next‐generation sequencing panel
Authors: Wei Bing , Zheng Jinxiang , Jiang Cai , Zhang He , Zhang Mingye , Cheng Taoran , Li Jun , Wang Zhizhong , Deng Lijun , Wang Li , Xia Qingxin , Ma Jie
Published: March 2023

As homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a biomarker to predict the efficiency of PARP inhibitor treatment, this study developed a non‐exonic single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based targeted next‐generation sequencing panel and comprehensively examined it both on standard and clinical ovarian cancer tissues. The HRD scores calculated by the panel and whole‐genome sequencing were consistent, with the analysis bysequenzabeing the most reliable. The results on clinical samples revealed that the panel performed better in HRD analysis compared with the SNP microarray. There are several distinctions between this newly developed kit and reported HRD detection panels. First, the panel covers only 52 592 SNPs, which makes it capable of detecting genomic instability. Secondly, all the SNPs are non‐exonic; as a result, the panel can be used cooperatively with any exon panel. Thirdly, all the SNPs selected have a high minor allele frequency in Chinese people, making it a better choice for HRD detection in Chinese patients. In summary, this panel shows promise as a clinical application to guide PARP inhibitors or platinum drugs used in the treatment of ovarian and other cancers.
Thiohalorhabdales ord. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Thi.o.ha.lo.rhab.dal'es N.L. fem. n.
Thiohalorhabdus
, the type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalorhabdales
, order of the genus
Thiohalorhabdus
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalorhabdales ord. nov.

According to the phylogenomic analysis, the order
Thiohalorhabdales
forms a deeply branching phylogenetic lineage at the base of the
Gammaproteobacteria
. It consists of a single family
Thiohalorhabdaceae
and genus
Thiohalorhabdus
. The cultured members of the order are extremely halophilic, facultatively anaerobic (denitrifying), chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline habitats with neutral pH.

Type genus
:
Thiohalorhabdus
Sorokin et al. 2008
VP
.
School bullying and its risk and protective factors in Chinese early adolescents: A latent transition analysis
Authors: Yu Linwei , Li Xiaoqing , Hu Qian , Guo Zhaoming , Hong Defan , Huang Yingying , Xu Yuan , Zhang Jiaying , Xu Qiang , Jiang Suo
Published: March 2023

Bullying perpetration and victimization are common and problematic occurrences during adolescence. Typically, bullying incidents involve different bullying roles. However, little is known about the developmental stability and changes in these roles. In the present study, we aimed to assess the stability and changes in bullying roles and examine risk and protective factors associated with bullying involvement. A total of 1711 Chinese early adolescents (47.4% girls, Mage = 11.99) participated in the study at two time points approximately 6 months apart. Three subgroups of bullying were identified: bully‐victims, victims, and the uninvolved. In terms of stability and changes, the uninvolved were the most stable over time, while victims and bully‐victims tended to become the uninvolved. Bully‐victims also tended to become victims. Early adolescents with higher levels of parental psychological control and depression symptoms were more likely to be victims or bully‐victims. Higher levels of depression symptoms increased the risk of transitioning from being the uninvolved or bully‐victims to becoming victims. Higher levels of friendship quality were associated with higher odds of being the uninvolved or transitioning from being victims or bully‐victims to becoming the uninvolved. Our findings indicate that bullying roles were relatively stable, with some changes over time. The results also highlight the important function that parental psychological control, friendship quality, and depression symptoms can play in preventing and intervening in bullying.
Clinical assessment of a novel machine‐learning automated contouring tool for radiotherapy planning
Authors: Hu Yunfei , Nguyen Huong , Smith Claire , Chen Tom , Byrne Mikel , Archibald‐Heeren Ben , Rijken James , Aland Trent
Published: March 2023

Contouring has become an increasingly important aspect of radiotherapy due to inverse planning. Several studies have suggested that the clinical implementation of automated contouring tools can reduce inter‐observer variation while increasing contouring efficiency, thereby improving the quality of radiotherapy treatment and reducing the time between simulation and treatment. In this study, a novel, commercial automated contouring tool based on machine learning, the AI‐Rad Companion Organs RT™ (AI‐Rad) software (Version VA31) (Siemens Healthineers, Munich, Germany), was assessed against both manually delineated contours and another commercially available automated contouring software, Varian Smart Segmentation™ (SS) (Version 16.0) (Varian, Palo Alto, CA, United States). The quality of contours generated by AI‐Rad in Head and Neck (H&N), Thorax, Breast, Male Pelvis (Pelvis_M), and Female Pelvis (Pevis_F) anatomical areas was evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively using several metrics. A timing analysis was subsequently performed to explore potential time savings achieved by AI‐Rad. Results showed that most automated contours generated by AI‐Rad were not only clinically acceptable and required minimal editing, but also superior in quality to contours generated by SS in multiple structures. In addition, timing analysis favored AI‐Rad over manual contouring, indicating the largest time saving (753s per patient) in the Thorax area. AI‐Rad was concluded to be a promising automated contouring solution that generated clinically acceptable contours and achieved time savings, thereby greatly benefiting the radiotherapy process.
Peripheral Blood Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Van Kalsbeek Daniel , Brooks Rebecca , Shaver Dawson , Ebel Ariadne , Hershberger Daniel , Schmidt Cynthia , Poole Jill A. , Ascherman Dana P. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R.
Published: March 2023

Background

Biomarkers have been proposed as tools to aid in the identification and prognostication of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating peripheral blood biomarkers and their association with RA‐ILD and its prognosis.

Methods

Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were queried for relevant studies, with the final search update on July 12, 2021. We included studies evaluating peripheral blood biomarkers for the identification and/or prognostication of RA‐ILD, extracting the performance of individual biomarkers for identifying RA‐ILD, and predicting prognosis. Modified versions of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 and the Quality in Prognosis Studies tools were used for quality assessment.

Results

Seventy studies met eligibility criteria. Study and patient characteristics, analytical methods, strength and consistency of associations, and study quality were heterogeneous. A total of 92 biomarkers were positively associated and 12 were negatively associated with RA‐ILD among patients with RA in one or more report. Only a small number of biomarkers were evaluated in multiple cohorts using adjusted analyses. Biomarkers most strongly associated with RA‐ILD overlapped with those identified for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Few prognostic biomarkers of RA‐ILD were identified.

Conclusion

Several peripheral blood biomarkers are associated with the presence of RA‐ILD, but few have been assessed in multivariable models, have been externally validated, have discriminated RA‐ILD from other lung disease, or have prognosticated the disease course. High‐quality studies investigating and validating peripheral biomarkers in RA‐ILD are needed before they can be employed in clinical care.
In‐Flight Synthesis of Core–Shell Mg/Si–SiOx Particles with Greatly Reduced Ignition Temperature
Authors: Wagner Brandon , Ghildiyal Pankaj , Biswas Prithwish , Chowdhury Mahbub , Zachariah Michael R. , Mangolini Lorenzo
Published: March 2023

Magnesium is a promising candidate as a solid fuel for energetic applications, however, the diffusion‐controlled oxidation mechanism impedes its reaction with an oxidizer, often resulting in diminished performance. In this study, non‐thermal plasma processing is implemented to modify the surface of magnesium nanoparticles with silicon in‐flight, in the gas‐phase to enhance the rate of interfacial reactions and tune the ignition pathways. Allowing the silicon coating to partially oxidize provides direct contact between the fuel and oxidizer, resulting in a nanostructured thermite system at the single particle level. The proximal distance between oxidizer and fuel directly impacts the ignition temperature and, therefore, the combustion kinetics. An intermetallic reaction occurs within the magnesium/silicon system to supplement the heating of the magnesium fuel to initiate its reaction with the oxidizer, resulting in highly reduced ignition thresholds. The ignition temperature is lowered significantly from ≈740 °C for magnesium particles with a native oxide layer to ≈520 °C for particles coated via the in‐flight plasma process.
A Tailored Artificial DNase Blocks Sensor Activation and Prevents Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases
Authors: Liang Huiyi , Du Yibo , Liu Lixin , Liu Junqiu , Chen Yongming
Published: March 2023

Excessive self‐DNAs recognized by intracellular DNA sensors can initiate innate immunity to express disordered TNF‐α or type I IFN resulting in several autoimmune diseases. Cationic polymers have been profoundly proved to alleviate the inflammatory symptoms by removing the debris of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). However, clinical applications of cationic materials have been impeded by concerns of their toxicity and the fate of cfDNA in polymer‐cfDNA complex. Herein, it is showed that PEGylated polyimidazoles as a biomimetic DNase potently alleviate pathologic symptoms of self‐DNA‐associated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats and Trex1 (DNase III) deficient Aicardi‐Goutiéres syndrome (AGS) mice. The mechanism studies demonstrate that the polyimidazole efficiently attacks the phosphodiester linkages of NAs and cleavages them into small pieces. As imidazole unit is a much weaker organic base that occurs in natural proteins, the polyimidazoles are less toxic to cells and tissues, as manifested by the IC50 values larger than 1000 µg mL−1. This work suggests that synthetic tailored DNase can be a new and safe therapeutic agent to treat chronic autoimmune and refractory inflammatory diseases by degradation of excessive nucleic acids.
Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite Nanobelt Haystacks Integrated Neural Stem Cell Spheroid for Rapid Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Hao Min , Chen Lu , He Jianlong , Zhao Xiaolei , Xia He , Chen Xin , Yu Liyang , Qiu Jichuan , Feng Shiqing , Sang Yuanhua , Zhou Hengxing , Liu Hong
Published: March 2023

Due to the unwarranted lifespan and differentiation, applying neural stem cells (NSCs) in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains challenging. In this study, 3D bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanobelt haystack‐mouse NSC (mNSC) hybrid spheroids are customized in which the specific nanobelt haystack framework provided the structural function of hypoxia alleviation in the spherical core and biological process of neural differentiation promotion. Commodified with superparamagnetic ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and a polydopamine (PDA) coating, the HAp nanobelts are endowed with magnetic field‐driven properties and enhanced cell‐nanobelt adhesion. The engineered bioresponsive 3D nanobelt haystack‐mNSC hybrid spheroids effectively repair SCI in vivo, showing new potential for stem cell therapy by incorporating nanomaterials in 3D culture based on cell‐material interactions.
Linker Defects in Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Construction of Interfacial Dual Metal Sites with High Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Ni Chunyan , Zheng Han , Liu Weiwei , Wu Liang , Li Rui , Zhou Kun , Zhang Wang
Published: March 2023

Designing efficient electrocatalysts based on metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheet arrays (MOFNAs) with controlled active heterointerface for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is greatly desired yet challenging. Herein, a facile strategy for the synthesis of MOF‐based nanosheet arrays (γ‐FeOOH/Ni‐MOFNA) is developed with abundant heterointerfaces between Ni‐MOF and γ‐FeOOH nanosheets by introducing linker defects to the former. The experimental and theoretical results show the key role of linker defects in inducing the growth of secondary γ‐FeOOH nanosheets onto the surface of Ni‐MOFNAs, which further leads to the formation of interfacial Ni/Fe dual sites with high oxygen evolution activity. Notably, the resulting γ‐FeOOH/Ni‐MOFNA exhibits excellent OER performance with low overpotentials of 193 and 222 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the study of the structure–performance relationship of MOF‐based heterostructures reveals that Ni sites at the interface of the γ‐FeOOH/Ni‐MOFNA have higher activity than those at the interface of NiFe layered double hydroxide and Ni‐MOFNA. This study provides a new prospect on heterostructured electrocatalysts with highly active sites for enhanced OER.
Polytonic Drug Release via Multi‐Hierarchical Microstructures Enabled by Nano‐Metamaterials
Authors: Lou Qi , Feng Feng , Hui Junfeng , Zhang Peisen , Qin Shijie , Ouyang Xiaoping , Wu Dazhuan , Wang Xiuyu
Published: March 2023

″Nano‐metamaterials″, rationally designed novel class metamaterials with multilevel microarchitectures and both characteristic sizes and whole sizes at the nanoscale, are introduced into the area of drug delivery system (DDS), and the relationship between release profile and treatment efficacy at the single‐cell level is revealed for the first time. Fe3+‐core‐shell‐corona nano‐metamaterials (Fe3+‐CSCs) are synthesized using a dual‐kinetic control strategy. The hierarchical structure of Fe3+‐CSCs, with a homogeneous interior core, an onion‐like shell, and a hierarchically porous corona. A novel polytonic drug release profile occurred, which consists of three sequential stages: burst release, metronomic release, and sustained release. The Fe3+‐CSCs results in overwhelming accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoplasm ROS, and mitochondrial ROS in tumor cells and induces unregulated cell death. This cell death modality causes cell membranes to form blebs, seriously corrupting cell membranes to significantly overcome the drug‐resistance issues. It is first demonstrated that nano‐metamaterials of well‐defined microstructures can modulate drug release profile at the single cell level, which in turn alters the downstream biochemical reactions and subsequent cell death modalities. This concept has significant implications in the drug delivery area and can serve to assist in designing potential intelligent nanostructures for novel molecular‐based diagnostics and therapeutics.
Alloying of Cu with Ru Enabling the Relay Catalysis for Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia
Authors: Gao Wensheng , Xie Kefeng , Xie Jin , Wang Xiaomei , Zhang Hong , Chen Shengqi , Wang Hao , Li Zelong , Li Can
Published: March 2023

Involving eight electron transfer process and multiple intermediates of nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction leads to a sluggish kinetic and low Faradaic efficiency, therefore, it is essential to get an insight into the reaction mechanism to develop highly efficient electrocatalyst. Herein, a series of reduced‐graphene‐oxide‐supported RuCu alloy catalysts (RuxCux/rGO) are fabricated and used for the direct reduction of NO3− to NH3. It is found that the Ru1Cu10/rGO shows the ammonia formation rate of 0.38 mmol cm−2 h−1 (loading 1 mg cm−2) and the ammonia Faradaic efficiency of 98% under an ultralow potential of −0.05 V versus Reversible Hydrogen Electode (RHE), which is comparable to Ru catalyst. The highly efficient activity of Ru1Cu10/rGO can be attributed to the synergetic effect between Ru and Cu sites via a relay catalysis, in which the Cu shows the exclusively efficient activity for the reduction of NO3− to NO2− and Ru exhibits the superior activity for NO2− to NH3. In addition, the doping of Ru into Cu tunes the d‐band center of alloy and effectively modulates the adsorption energy of the NO3− and NO2−, which promotes the direct reduction of NO3− to NH3. This synergetic electrocatalysis strategy opens a new avenue for developing highly efficient multifunctional catalysts.
Lipid Deposition Profiles Influence Foreign Body Responses
Authors: Schreib Christian C. , Jarvis Maria I. , Terlier Tanguy , Goell Jacob , Mukherjee Sudip , Doerfert Michael D. , Wilson Taylor Anne , Beauregard Michael , Martins Kevin N. , Lee Jared , Sanchez Solis Leonardo D. , Vazquez Esperanza , Oberli Matthias A. , Hanak Brian W. , Diehl Michael , Hilton Isaac , Veiseh Omid
Published: March 2023

Fibrosis remains a significant cause of failure in implanted biomedical devices and early absorption of proteins on implant surfaces has been shown to be a key instigating factor. However, lipids can also regulate immune activity and their presence may also contribute to biomaterial‐induced foreign body responses (FBR) and fibrosis. Here it is demonstrated that the surface presentation of lipids on implant affects FBR by influencing reactions of immune cells to materials as well as their resultant inflammatory/suppressive polarization. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF‐SIMS) is employed to characterize lipid deposition on implants that are surface‐modified chemically with immunomodulatory small molecules. Multiple immunosuppressive phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin) are all found to deposit preferentially on implants with anti‐FBR surface modifications in mice. Significantly, a set of 11 fatty acids is enriched on unmodified implanted devices that failed in both mice and humans, highlighting relevance across species. Phospholipid deposition is also found to upregulate the transcription of anti‐inflammatory genes in murine macrophages, while fatty acid deposition stimulated the expression of pro‐inflammatory genes. These results provide further insights into how to improve the design of biomaterials and medical devices to mitigate biomaterial material‐induced FBR and fibrosis.
Realization and Current‐Driven Dynamics of Fractional Hopfions and Their Ensembles in a Helimagnet FeGe
Authors: Yu Xiuzhen , Liu Yizhou , Iakoubovskii Konstantin V. , Nakajima Kiyomi , Kanazawa Naoya , Nagaosa Naoto , Tokura Yoshinori
Published: March 2023

3D topological spin textures—hopfions—are predicted in helimagnetic systems but are not experimentally confirmed thus far. By utilizing an external magnetic field and electric current in the present study, 3D topological spin textures are realized, including fractional hopfions with nonzero topological index, in a skyrmion‐hosting helimagnet FeGe. Microsecond current pulses are employed to control the dynamics of the expansion and contraction of a bundle composed of a skyrmion and a fractional hopfion, as well as its current‐driven Hall motion. This research approach has demonstrated the novel electromagnetic properties of fractional hopfions and their ensembles in helimagnetic systems.
Photoallosteric Polymersomes toward On‐Demand Drug Delivery and Multimodal Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zheng Yi , Liu Yang , Wu Zhongchao , Peng Chuan , Wang Zuojie , Yan Jingyue , Yan Yue , Li Zifen , Liu Congcong , Xue Jianxin , Tan Hong , Fu Qiang , Ding Mingming
Published: March 2023

Allosteric transitions can modulate the self‐assembly and biological function of proteins. It remains, however, tremendously challenging to design synthetic allosteric polymeric assemblies with spatiotemporally switchable hierarchical structures and functionalities. Here, a photoallosteric polymersome is constructed that undergoes a rapid conformational transition from β‐sheet to α‐helix upon exposure to near‐infrared light irradiation. In addition to improving nanoparticle cell penetration and lysosome escape, photoinduced allosteric behavior reconstructs the vesicular membrane structure, which stimulates the release of hydrophilic cytolytic peptide melittin and hydrophobic kinase inhibitor sorafenib. Combining on‐demand delivery of multiple therapeutics with phototherapy results in apoptosis and immunogenic death of tumor cells, remold the immune microenvironment and achieve an excellent synergistic anticancer efficacy in vivo without tumor recurrence and metastasis. Such a light‐modulated allosteric transition in non‐photosensitive polymers provides new insight into the development of smart nanomaterials for biosensing and drug delivery applications.
Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Amphiphilic Pyridinium Salt and Its Application in the Visualization of Level 3 Details in Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Chen Yi , Li Aisen , Li Xiaoning , Tu Liangjing , Xie Yujun , Xu Shuping , Li Zhen
Published: March 2023

Organic luminescent materials that can simultaneously achieve multimode mechanochromism and its water‐vapor‐induced recovery are desirable for practical applications but rarely reported. Herein, an amphiphilic compound, 4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)pyridin‐1‐ium bromide (CPAB), is designed by integrating a lipophilic aromatic unit and hydrophilic end in the molecular architecture. Self‐recovered mechanochromism from brown to cyan is observed upon mechanical grinding in air. Comprehensive research by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and single‐crystal analysis reveals that the photoluminescence switch originates from the variation in intermolecular hydrogen bonds and molecular packing mode. The amphiphilic nature of CPAB allows water molecules to enter the crystalline lattice, forming two polymorphs of the crystalline phase, namely CPAB‐D and CPAB‐W. The hydrosoluble CPAB exhibits excellent capability in probing the level 3 details of fingerprints because its lipophilic part can target the fatty acid residues of fingerprints, leading to strong aggregation‐induced fluorescence. The research may inspire the design of latent fingerprint developers and application in forensics/anti‐counterfeiting.
Blood‐Glucose‐Powered Metabolic Fuel Cell for Self‐Sufficient Bioelectronics
Authors: Maity Debasis , Guha Ray Preetam , Buchmann Peter , Mansouri Maysam , Fussenegger Martin
Published: March 2023

Currently available bioelectronic devices consume too much power to be continuously operated on rechargeable batteries, and are often powered wirelessly, with attendant issues regarding reliability, convenience, and mobility. Thus, the availability of a robust, self‐sufficient, implantable electrical power generator that works under physiological conditions would be transformative for many applications, from driving bioelectronic implants and prostheses to programing cellular behavior and patients’ metabolism. Here, capitalizing on a new copper‐containing, conductively tuned 3D carbon nanotube composite, an implantable blood‐glucose‐powered metabolic fuel cell is designed that continuously monitors blood‐glucose levels, converts excess glucose into electrical power during hyperglycemia, and produces sufficient energy (0.7 mW cm−2, 0.9 V, 50 mm glucose) to drive opto‐ and electro‐genetic regulation of vesicular insulin release from engineered beta cells. It is shown that this integration of blood‐glucose monitoring with elimination of excessive blood glucose by combined electro‐metabolic conversion and insulin‐release‐mediated cellular consumption enables the metabolic fuel cell to restore blood‐glucose homeostasis in an automatic, self‐sufficient, and closed‐loop manner in an experimental model of type‐1 diabetes.
Interfacial Degradation and Pattern Evolution of Exfoliated Graphene by Cyclic Mechanical Loading
Authors: Guo Yongjie , Yu Senjiang , Lu Chenxi , Hu Liang , Su Weitao , Li Lingwei
Published: March 2023

The interfacial interactions between 2D materials and polymer substrates receive increasing interest due to the surge of flexible electronics, multifunctional coatings, and nanocomposites. Although the strain effect on electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials is extensively investigated, understanding the interfacial mechanics of 2D material‐polymer systems by dynamic loading is still a challenge. Here, the interfacial degradation and pattern evolution of mechanically exfoliated single‐ and few‐layer graphene on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by cyclic mechanical loading, are reported. It is found that the tensile strain leads to interfacial slippage between graphene and PDMS, whereas the compressive strain can be transferred to graphene with a transfer efficiency above 80%. Through cyclic loading, the graphene surface is seriously deformed by formation of multiple instability patterns including wrinkles and cracks. The morphological characteristic and evolution mechanism of the wrinkles and cracks are analyzed and discussed in detail. The interfacial adhesion energy is evaluated by wrinkle profiles and it decreases from ≈23 to ≈2 mJ m−2 as the cycle number increases. This work can promote better understanding of the interfacial effect of 2D materials on polymer substrates and controllable fabrication of various wrinkled or crumpled surfaces of 2D functional materials by cyclic mechanical loading.
Quantum Energy Storage in 2D Heterointerfaces
Authors: Sharma Monika , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Deb Pritam
Published: March 2023

To address the global energy and environmental crisis, advanced energy storage systems with their superior electrochemical performances have been growing exponentially. The electrochemical properties of the selected electrode materials have a direct impact on the performance of these energy storage technologies. 2D structures are considered promising materials for energy storage systems because of their unique and outstanding electrochemical characteristics. Therefore, hybridization of 2D nanosheets with other low‐dimensional materials can improve storage capacity by modulating and exploiting the synergy between the same. This comprehensive review highlights energy storage devices, their mechanisms, and key problems, with a focus on electrodes made of new generation 2D hybrids. Following that, the strategies that enable face‐to‐point, face‐to‐line, and face‐to‐face heterointerfaces are discussed in details. In addition, a design approach is provided for synergistically coupling 2D with other quantum materials for designing efficient and long‐lasting storage systems. It is anticipated that this review article will serve as helpful motivation for developing excellent energy storage devices with improved electrochemical capability.
Bio‐Inspired Compact, High‐Resolution Snapshot Hyperspectral Imaging System with 3D Printed Glass Lightguide Array
Authors: Hong Zhihan , Sun Yuanyuan , Ye Piaoran , Loy Douglas A. , Liang Rongguang
Published: March 2023

To address the major challenges to obtain high spatial resolution in snapshot hyperspectral imaging, 3D printed glass lightguide array is developed to sample the intermediate image in high spatial resolution and redistribute the pixels in the output end to achieve high spectral resolution. Curved 3D printed lightguide array can significantly simplify the snapshot hyperspectral imaging system, achieve better imaging performance, and reduce the system complexity and cost. Two‐photon polymerization process to print glass lightguide array is developed, and the system performance with biological samples is demonstrated. This new snapshot technology will catalyze new hyperspectral imaging system development and open doors for new applications from UV to infrared.
A Bio‐Liposome Activating Natural Killer Cell by Illuminating Tumor Homogenization Antigen Properties
Authors: Yang Xue , Bian Jiayi , Wang Zheng , He Mengning , Yang Ying , Li Quanhao , Luo Xinping , Zhou Zhanwei , Li Jing , Ju Shenghong , Sun Minjie
Published: March 2023

Natural killer (NK) cell therapies, primarily based on chimeric antigen receptor NK cells (CAR‐NK), have been developed and applied clinically for therapeutic treatment of patients with mid‐to‐late‐stage tumors. However, NK cell therapy has limited efficacy due to insufficient antigen expression on the tumor cell surface. Here, a universal “illuminate tumor homogenization antigen properties” (ITHAP) strategy to achieve stable and controlled antigen expression on the surface of tumor cells using nanomedicine, thus significantly enhancing the immune recognizability of tumor cells, is described. The ITHAP strategy is used to generate bio‐liposomes (Pt@PL‐IgG) composed of intermingled platelet membranes and liposomes with NK‐activatable target antigen (IgG antibodies) and cisplatin pre‐drug. It is demonstrated that Pt@PL‐IgG successfully targets tumor cells using the autonomous drive of platelet membranes and achieves IgG implantation on tumor cells by utilizing membrane fusion properties. Moreover, it is shown that the Pt‐DNA complex combined with NK cell‐induced pyroptosis causes substantial interferon (IFN) secretion, thus providing a synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING)‐IFN‐mediated positive immune microenvironment to further potentiate NK therapy. These results show that anchoring cancer cells with NK‐activatable target antigens is a promising translational strategy for addressing therapeutic challenges in tumor heterogeneity.
Robust Spontaneous Raman Flow Cytometry for Single‐Cell Metabolic Phenome Profiling via pDEP‐DLD‐RFC
Authors: Wang Xixian , Ren Lihui , Diao Zhidian , He Yuehui , Zhang Jiaping , Liu Min , Li Yuandong , Sun Lijun , Chen Rongze , Ji Yuetong , Xu Jian , Ma Bo
Published: March 2023

A full‐spectrum spontaneous single‐cell Raman spectrum (fs‐SCRS) captures the metabolic phenome for a given cellular state of the cell in a label‐free, landscape‐like manner. Herein a positive dielectrophoresis induced deterministic lateral displacement‐based Raman flow cytometry (pDEP‐DLD‐RFC) is established. This robust flow cytometry platform utilizes a periodical positive dielectrophoresis induced deterministic lateral displacement (pDEP‐DLD) force that is exerted to focus and trap fast‐moving single cells in a wide channel, which enables efficient fs‐SCRS acquisition and extended stable running time. It automatically produces deeply sampled, heterogeneity‐resolved, and highly reproducible ramanomes for isogenic cell populations of yeast, microalgae, bacteria, and human cancers, which support biosynthetic process dissection, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, and cell‐type classification. Moreover, when coupled with intra‐ramanome correlation analysis, it reveals state‐ and cell‐type‐specific metabolic heterogeneity and metabolite‐conversion networks. The throughput of ≈30–2700 events min−1 for profiling both nonresonance and resonance marker bands in a fs‐SCRS, plus the >5 h stable running time, represent the highest performance among reported spontaneous Raman flow cytometry (RFC) systems. Therefore, pDEP‐DLD‐RFC is a valuable new tool for label‐free, noninvasive, and high‐throughput profiling of single‐cell metabolic phenomes.