bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model driven security framework for software design and verification
Authors: Deveci Engin , Caglayan Mehmet U.
Published: March 2015

Information system security is receiving increasing attention every day because a security problem can cause serious financial loss or even loss of lives. Some of these security problems occur as a result of poor design practices, where important security functionality is not designed properly and is directly implemented later in the development cycle in an unmethodical way. Researchers have put a great deal of effort into defining processes and tools to design and develop more secure information systems. However, verification of the designed and developed security functionality is of utmost importance. In some cases, designs and codes also need to be formally or semi‐formally verified and certified by authorities. The Common Criteria is one of the widely used universal frameworks for evaluating the security functionality of information systems. In this paper, we propose a new framework, model driven security framework, for the analysis, design, and evaluation of security properties of information systems. Our aim is to support information system developers and evaluation authorities who implement the higher‐level Common Criteria (levels 6 and 7) security assurance process using formal methods based on Unified Modelling Language, Object Constraint Language, Promela, and Spin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angular broadening in core‐electron spectroscopy
Authors: Givon Alon , Cohen Hagai
Published: March 2015

The role of angular broadening in quantitative core‐electron spectroscopy is investigated using an analytic approach. It is shown why, practically, this effect remains relatively small for a broad range of parameters. A correction factor is derived, suggesting that the replacement of inelastic mean free path by an effective attenuation‐length parameter is not necessarily an optimal choice. The derived expression further proposes useful insight on the contribution of leading experimental parameters and, in particular, on the sharp increase of elastic‐scattering corrections above a (depth dependent) critical angle. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS study of Ni‐base alloys oxide films formed in primary conditions of pressurized water reactor
Authors: Marchetti Loïc , Miserque Frédéric , Perrin Stéphane , Pijolat Michèle
Published: March 2015

The oxide scales formed on alloy 690 during its exposure to pressurized water reactor primary simulated media at 325 °C for different periods, ranging between 24 and 858 h have been characterized through XPS analysis. These results have been compared with the data obtained on Cr2O3, NiCr2O4, NiFe2O4, and Ni(OH)2 reference compounds. This comparison leads to the following conclusions about the scale formed on alloy 690: (i) the deconvolution of Cr‐2p3/2 core level spectra seems to show that the internal oxide scale is made of a mix of chromite and chromia; (ii) the evolution of the height ratio between satellite and principal peaks, on the Ni‐2p3/2 core level, has highlighted the presence of nickel hydroxide for all corrosion durations; and (iii) XPS analysis can be used to study the kinetics of nickel ferrite precipitation. In order to obtain a more complete description of such oxide scales based upon XPS measurements, reference data, obtained on nickel ferrites and chromites in which Fe is partially substituted to Ni, are needed. The comparison of published data and reference spectra performed in this work also leads to conclude that core level fits are dependent on the energy resolution, which can be achieved with specific spectrometer and analysis procedures. Therefore, reference compound spectra need to be recorded in the very identical analytical configuration before dealing with results obtained on corroded specimen. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilizing Online Learning Communities in Student Affairs
Authors: Calhoun Daniel W. , Green Lucy Santos
Published: March 2015

In this chapter, the authors will expand upon the definition of learning communities, discussing the ways in which this concept has changed and adapted through the incorporation/infusion of web‐based technologies. In addition, strategies on how to create and use online learning communities both with students and for professional practice will be shared.
Utilizing Peer Mentor Roles in Learning Communities
Authors: Rieske Laura Jo , Benjamin Mimi
Published: March 2015

For a number of learning community programs, peer mentors provide an additional layer of staffing support. This chapter highlights peer mentor roles from a sample of programs and suggests important components for the construction of these roles.
Teaching Visual Literacy in the Astronomy Classroom
Authors: Crider Anthony
Published: March 2015

Astronomy classes that teach students to read and write images, diagrams, and plots offer an ideal venue to teach visual literacy.
Seeing Is the Hardest Thing to See: Using Illusions to Teach Visual Perception
Authors: Riener Cedar
Published: March 2015

This chapter describes three examples of using illusions to teach visual perception. The illusions present ways for students to change their perspective regarding how their eyes work and also offer opportunities to question assumptions regarding their approach to knowledge.
How to Navigate an “Upside‐Down” World: Using Images in the History Classroom
Authors: Volk Steven S.
Published: March 2015

This chapter describes the challenges and benefits of working with images in a history classroom. The first part indicates the complexity of helping students use images as historical evidence; the second argues that close readings of images can help students develop their deep attention skills as they question the evidence they see; and the final discusses how work with images can be done in a way that accommodates all students, including those with limited or no sight.
The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway
Authors: Ornitz David M. , Itoh Nobuyuki
Published: March 2015

The signaling component of the mammalian Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family is comprised of eighteen secreted proteins that interact with four signaling tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). Interaction of FGF ligands with their signaling receptors is regulated by protein or proteoglycan cofactors and by extracellular binding proteins. Activated FGFRs phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues that mediate interaction with cytosolic adaptor proteins and the RAS‐MAPK, PI3K‐AKT, PLCγ, and STAT intracellular signaling pathways. Four structurally related intracellular non‐signaling FGFs interact with and regulate the family of voltage gated sodium channels. Members of the FGF family function in the earliest stages of embryonic development and during organogenesis to maintain progenitor cells and mediate their growth, differentiation, survival, and patterning. FGFs also have roles in adult tissues where they mediate metabolic functions, tissue repair, and regeneration, often by reactivating developmental signaling pathways. Consistent with the presence of FGFs in almost all tissues and organs, aberrant activity of the pathway is associated with developmental defects that disrupt organogenesis, impair the response to injury, and result in metabolic disorders, and cancer. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:215–266. doi: 10.1002/wdev.176

This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles

Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
Controlled trial of an Internet-based intervention for overweight teens (Next.Step): effectiveness analysis
Authors: Sousa Pedro , Fonseca Helena , Gaspar Pedro , Gaspar Filomena
Published: March 2015

Adolescent obesity is a major health problem. The need for effective adolescent weight management programs is of high clinical and public health relevance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an e-therapeutic platform (Next.Step), aiming to promote weight management skills and the adoption of health-promoting lifestyles. This nonrandomized clinical trial with control group uses a sample of 94 adolescents who attended a paediatric obesity clinic. The experimental group was invited to access the platform Next.Step during 24 weeks, in addition to the standard treatment program. The control group followed the standard treatment protocol and joined a waiting list. Overall, the outcomes of the e-therapeutic program were not substantially better than those obtained with a traditional kind of intervention despite the intervention being associated with an improved health responsibility score (d = 0.51; p = 0.014). Several predictors of the Next.Step effectiveness were found.

Conclusion: Although the e-therapeutic program led to a significant increase in health responsibility, inconclusive results were found regarding the program effectiveness compared to the standard multidisciplinary intervention. The lack of significant differences between groups may be due to the reduced rates of program adherence and the high dropout rate.

What is Known:• Adolescent obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and standard treatment programs have been unable to achieve the desired adherence so far.• Internet-based programs have already shown positive results in the adult obese population, but information is scarce regarding adolescents.

What is New:• This study assesses the effectiveness of a structured case management program including communication technologies on both the behavioural change and the health of obese adolescents.• The e-therapeutic program led to an increase in health responsibility.
Interaction of Myoglobin with Cationic Gemini Surfactants in Phosphate Buffer at pH 7.4
Authors: Mondal Satyajit , Das Sibani , Ghosh Soumen
Published: March 2015

The interactions between myoglobin, a monomeric water soluble heme protein, and cationic gemini surfactants 14‐3‐14, 14‐4‐14, 14‐5‐14 have been studied in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 using different techniques such as surface tension, UV–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Myoglobin is a surface active protein and it is bound with surfactant molecules. The spin states of the heme group of myoglobin change depending on the concentration of surfactant. The unfolding process of protein in the presence of surfactant is observed from fluorescence spectra. With increasing surfactant concentration, α‐helicity of myoglobin decreases with the appearance of β‐sheet and random coil. The extent of interaction of myoglobin with gemini surfactant increases with increasing spacer length.
Interaction between Bacillus subtilis YsxC and ribosomes (or rRNAs)
Authors: Wicker-Planquart Catherine , Jault Jean-Michel
Published: March 2015

The stoichiometry of YsxC ribosome subunit complex was evaluated. We showed that YsxC binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit is not affected by GTP, but in the presence of GDP the stoichiometry of YsxC‐ribosome is decreased. YsxC GTPase activity was stimulated upon 50S ribosomal subunit binding. In addition, it is shown for the first time that YsxC binds both 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs.
Packing defects functionalize soluble proteins
Authors: Fernández Ariel
Published: March 2015

This work explores the participation of protein packing defects, the so‐called dehydrons, in biochemical events. We delineate the enabling role of dehydrons as activators of nucleophilic groups. This activation results from the induction of chemical basicity in interfacial water molecules, promoting deprotonation of adjacent nucleophiles. Through multiple steering molecular dynamics with pulling along the proton‐displacement coordinate, we show that nucleophilic groups are functionally enabled by nearby dehydrons that promote proton transference. The computations are validated against experimentally determined pKa decreases at functional sites and biochemical probes of deregulated catalytic activity arising from dehydron‐generating mutations.
A Drosophila‐centric view of protein tyrosine phosphatases
Authors: Hatzihristidis Teri , Desai Nikita , Hutchins Andrew P. , Meng Tzu-Ching , Tremblay Michel L. , Miranda-Saavedra Diego
Published: March 2015

Most of our knowledge on protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is derived from human pathologies and mouse knockout models. These models largely correlate well with human disease phenotypes, but can be ambiguous due to compensatory mechanisms introduced by paralogous genes. Here we present the analysis of the PTP complement of the fruit fly and the complementary view that PTP studies in Drosophila will accelerate our understanding of PTPs in physiological and pathological conditions. With only 44 PTP genes, Drosophila represents a streamlined version of the human complement. Our integrated analysis places the Drosophila PTPs into evolutionary and functional contexts, thereby providing a platform for the exploitation of the fly for PTP research and the transfer of knowledge onto other model systems.
A cross‐sectional study of tumor markers during normal and high‐risk pregnancies
Authors: Sharma Jai B. , Sharma Subhadra , Usha B.R. , Gupta Ashish , Kumar Sunesh , Mukhopadhyay Asok K.
Published: March 2015

Objective

To determine tumor marker concentrations during normal and high‐risk pregnancies.

Methods

The present cross‐sectional study included women attending the gynecology outpatient department at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, between November 1, 2012 and March 31, 2013. Their serum was assayed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19‐9), and cancer antigen 15–3 (CA15‐3).

Results

A total of 251 pregnant women and 31 nonpregnant women were included. Median CEA value was lower among pregnant women than among nonpregnant women (1.2 μg/L vs 1.4 μg/L; P = 0.006), whereas that of CA15‐3 was higher (16.7 U/mL vs 12.3 U/mL; P = 0.03). CA19‐9 concentration was higher among pregnant women aged 25–29 years (7.0 U/mL) or 30–34 years (7.2 U/mL) than among those aged 20–24 years (4.2 U/mL; P = 0.01 for both). The CA15‐3 level was increased during the second (13.0 U/mL) and third (60.5 U/mL) trimesters compared with the first trimester (9.5 U/mL) (P ≤ 0.01 for both comparisons). It was also raised in high‐risk pregnancies (33.7 U/mL), specifically pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (39.7 U/mL), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (64.3 U/mL), or heart disease (54.0 U/mL) (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

CA15‐3 concentrations rise during pregnancy, but whether this increase can be attributed to physiological changes in breast tissue needs to be investigated further.
Regional differences in the placental levels of oxidative stress markers in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Sahay Akriti S. , Sundrani Deepali P. , Wagh Girija N. , Mehendale Savita S. , Joshi Sadhana R.
Published: March 2015

Objective

To examine placental malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in four placental regions among women with and without pre‐eclampsia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among women aged 18–35 years with a singleton pregnancy in Pune, India, between May 3, 2013, and June 16, 2014. Three groups were enrolled: normotensive; pre‐eclampsia, delivered at term; and pre‐eclampsia, delivered preterm. Samples were collected from the central and peripheral placental regions (maternal and fetal sides) immediately after delivery.

Results

A total of 60 women were enrolled (35 normotensive; 11 with pre‐eclampsia delivered at term; 14 with pre‐eclampsia, delivered preterm). MDA levels were higher in all regions of the placenta among the pre‐eclampsia versus normotensive groups (P < 0.01). MDA levels were higher in the central maternal region than in the central fetal region in the preterm pre‐eclampsia group (P = 0.023). The MDA levels in the central maternal region were also higher in the preterm than in the term pre‐eclampsia group (P = 0.014). Catalase activity was lower in the peripheral maternal (P = 0.036) and fetal (P = 0.050) regions in the preterm pre‐eclampsia group versus the normotensive group. The activity of GPx was higher in the peripheral maternal region than in the central fetal region in the normotensive group (P = 0.033).

Conclusion

Pre‐eclampsia might be characterized by differential placental oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity.
Tracking exchange rate management in Latin America
Authors: Carrera César
Published: March 2015

One way to track exchange‐rate deviations from its long‐run value is to examine numerical patterns in exchange rates to see if those patterns appear to have been subjected to some degree of policy management. We applyBenford's Lawto exchange rates in Latin American countries, computing and comparing the distribution of exchange‐rate observed values with those ofBenford's Law. For most cases we find that the exchange rate for the US dollar does not satisifyBenford's Law, however this law holds when the euro is considered. This result may be explained by the fact that these countries are characterized for having different degrees of dollarization and intervention in the US dollar forex market while there is almost no policy intervention in the euro forex market. Our approach is an alternative view of how these characteristics play a role inducing deviations with respect to an implied equilibrium exchange rate.
The Growth of Literature
Authors: Chadwick H. Munro , Chadwick Nora K.
Published: March 2015

First published between 1932 and 1940, this is a three-volume study of the historical development of literature. It explores the oral and written literatures of regions from Iceland and the British Isles, to Russia, the Balkans, Africa, India and the Pacific, placing them in their historical context and examining similarities between them. The authors discuss both ancient and recent texts, illustrating the connections within each group and considering the question of whether all literary growth is influenced by common factors. Praised on publication as '… a work that is not, probably could not be, superseded' (International Journal of Comparative Sociology), the book remains a benchmark for those studying comparative literature or the history of literary criticism. Volume 2 focuses particularly on Russia and the Balkans, and also surveys both early Indian and early Hebrew literature.
An Introduction to the Study of Justinian’s Digest
Authors: Roby Henry John
Published: March 2015

Henry John Roby (1830–1915) was a Cambridge-educated classicist whose influential career included periods as a schoolmaster, a Professor of Roman law at University College, London, an educational reformer and a Member of Parliament. First published in 1884, this volume provides an analysis and discussion of Justinian's Digesta, a compendium of second and third century Roman legal writings which forms part of the body of Roman civil law issued under Justinian I in 533 AD. It is considered a fundamental work of Roman jurisprudence. Roby discusses the historical context of the Digesta, compares extracts in other legal sources with the original text and provides the Latin text of De Usufructu (one of the titles from the Digesta) with detailed close textual discussion and analysis. This volume was the first published guide to studying the Digesta and is considered one of Roby's most important contributions to jurisprudence.
The Fauna and Flora of Palestine
Authors: Tristram Henry Baker
Published: March 2015

The Survey of Western Palestine was carried out under the auspices of the Palestine Exploration Fund between 1871 and 1877, and its results were published in a series of books between 1882 and 1888. This volume was written by H. B. Tristram (1822–1906), the naturalist, geologist and Anglican priest, whose The Land of Israel is also reissued in this series. Although he declined a bishopric in Jerusalem, he made four separate trips to Palestine in order to compile this catalogue of its flora and fauna. Including all native vertebrates, molluscs and plants known at the time, the work was first published in 1884 and laid the foundation for zoological study in Palestine. The catalogue offers a fascinating insight into the theories of late Victorian taxonomy as well the species it classifies here. Also included are detailed drawings and a scholarly preface summarising and tabulating Tristram's research.
Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes
Authors: Oxenedes Johannes de
Published: March 2015

Written c.1290, this chronicle follows the pattern of similar texts in recording historical events through using earlier sources; but, by adapting and editing what he chose to include, the author produced a unique work. He is able to provide greater depth and detail to the descriptions of events closer to his own time, yet the text finishes abruptly in a passage concerning the contemporary theologian Robert of Winchelsea. Published in the Rolls Series in 1859, the work was edited by Henry Ellis (1777–1869), the librarian of the British Museum. Topics covered in the chronicle include Henry II's crowning of his eldest son as 'Henry III', and their joint rule until the latter rebelled against his father; the 'extreme cruelty with which the Jews were treated in England'; and 'an occurrence which continued … to our own time, namely, the inundation of Westminster Hall by the River Thames'.
Yedo and Peking
Authors: Fortune Robert
Published: March 2015

When Scottish botanist Robert Fortune (1812–80) travelled to Japan in 1860, shortly after it had reopened to foreign visitors for the first time in centuries, he found the islands to be both mysterious and dangerous. This work, first published in 1863, is Fortune's spirited account of his travels, from Nagasaki to Yedo (modern-day Tokyo) and then on to Peking (Beijing). Fortune had previously spent several years in China researching tea plants and tea-growing technology, which he later introduced to the plantations of India. (His books on his experiences in China are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.) An engaging raconteur, Fortune includes here not only detailed horticultural information, but also his observations and opinions on Japan's 'strange people and their very beautiful land'. This remains for scholars and general readers an illuminating piece of travel writing, enhanced by the illustrations throughout.
Travels in India
Authors: Tavernier Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2015

In 1676, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605–89), French merchant, traveller and pioneer of trade with India, published an account of his journey through India. This two-volume translation, published in 1889 by Irish geologist Valentine Ball (1843–94), includes a biographical sketch of the author, notes and appendices. Tavernier begins his tale with the declaration that 'I came into this world to travel.' As well as most of Europe, he visited large areas of Turkey, Persia and India (where he acquired the great gem, now known as the Hope Diamond, which he sold to Louis XIV), and sailed to Java. In Volume 1, Tavernier sets out from Isfahan to Agra and Delhi; he then supplies a historical and political description of the empire of Shah Jahan and his successors. An appendix provides details about the values of coins, weights and measures mentioned by Tavernier in the original work.
Travels in India
Authors: Tavernier Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2015

In 1676, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1605–89), French merchant, traveller and pioneer of trade with India, published an account of his journey through India. This two-volume translation, published in 1889 by Irish geologist Valentine Ball (1843–94), includes a biographical sketch of the author, notes and appendices. Tavernier begins his tale with the declaration that 'I came into this world to travel.' As well as most of Europe, he visited large areas of Turkey, Persia and India (where he acquired the great gem, now known as the Hope Diamond, which he sold to Louis XIV), and sailed to Java. Volume 2 continues his history of India, and describes Hindi and Muslim religious practices; Tavernier then continues to the Dutch territories in the East Indies and returns home on a Dutch ship via St Helena. Tavernier's interest in the details of everything he saw makes this work a fascinating read.
Specimens of Languages of India
Authors: Campbell George
Published: March 2015

This 1874 work by Sir George Campbell, a British government official whose Scheme for the Government of India is also reissued in this series, presents a survey of the diverse languages of India, using material obtained usually by British army officers trained by Campbell to collect 'specimens' in the course of their normal work. The tabular material is presented with the English words or phrases in one column and their equivalent in the Indian language under discussion in another: most of the languages are represented by more than one dialect, such as the 'Punjabee of Lahore' and the 'Punjabee of Mooltan'. In his introduction to the work, Campbell emphasises that the survey is not scientific, and his main conclusion is that in addition to the broad division of Aryan and Dravidian language types, India contains a huge number of 'aboriginal' languages which will require further study.
A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries
Authors: Crawfurd John
Published: March 2015

Orientalist and colonial administrator John Crawfurd (1783–1868) published this work in 1856. He went to Calcutta as an assistant surgeon in the East India Company, then moved into administration, accompanying political missions to Java, Bali and Celebes, and heading missions to Siam, Vietnam and Burma. Retiring to England in 1828, Crawfurd became a Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the Ethnological Society. Having studied ancient Kawi, contemporary Javanese and the Malay language, he published extensively on Asia in his lifetime, including his History of the Indian Archipelago, a Malay-language dictionary, and accounts of missions to the courts of Siam, Cochin-China and Ava. This work focuses primarily on Java, Malay, Siam and the Philippines. A monumental account of the culture, politics, language and geography of the region, organised as encyclopedic entries, it remains an invaluable source of information on the Victorian presentation and understanding of South-East Asia.
Willelmi Rishanger chronica et annales
Authors: Rishanger William
Published: March 2015

Between 1863 and 1876, the Rolls Series published several works from or about the abbey of St Albans, edited by Henry Thomas Riley (1816–78) under the rubric 'Chronica Monasterii S. Albani'. William Rishanger was a monk at the abbey in the second half of the thirteenth century, but the canon of his writings is still not definitively established as the manuscripts were rebound several times, and much of his output was reworked in later medieval texts. Several items attributed to him in this 1865 publication are preserved, uniquely, in MS. Cotton. Claudius D. vi. The texts record events from Henry III's peace treaty with France in 1259 to the coronation of Robert the Bruce and the English invasion of Scotland in 1306. They include fascinating details about political alliances, ecclesiastical promotions, and the Templars. The Latin texts are accompanied by English side-notes, an introduction, a glossary and an index.
Gesta abbatum monasterii Sancti Albani
Authors: Walsingham Thomas
Published: March 2015

Between 1863 and 1876, the Rolls Series published several works about the abbey of St Albans, edited by Henry Thomas Riley (1816–78) under the rubric 'Chronica monasterii S. Albani'. This account of the achievements of its abbots was compiled and enlarged by Thomas Walsingham (c.1340–c.1422), who supervised the scriptorium at St Albans until 1394, and wrote several other historical works. It appeared in three volumes between 1867 and 1869. The early part of the Gesta reworks earlier accounts including that by Matthew Paris (d.1259), but the section covering 1308–93 was composed by Walsingham himself and is an important primary source for fourteenth-century English history. Volume 2, covering 1290–1349, records events that include a fire in the abbot's chamber and a visit to the papal court. The main text is in Latin, with English side-notes, but a rule for nuns appears in Anglo-Norman.
Teutonic Mythology
Authors: Grimm Jacob
Published: March 2015

The linguist and philologist Jacob Grimm (1785–1863) is best remembered as co-editor, with his brother Wilhelm, of Grimm's Fairy Tales, though their great Deutsches Wörterbuch remains an influential etymological reference work. Grimm's exhaustive study in comparative mythology and religion, Deutsche Mythologie, was first published in German in 1835: this English translation, published between 1880 and 1888, is of the posthumous fourth German edition of 1875. Drawing on his broad knowledge of language and world mythology, Grimm outlines a wide variety of themes in Germanic folklore (such as time, creation, destiny and the soul), comparing them to classical and oriental tales as well as charting the influence of Christianity on legends and on Pagan religion. Volume 3 focuses on the pre-Christian view of evil, and the concept of the devil. Erudite and full of detailed insight, this is a resource for scholars of mythology, religion and German cultural history.
Teutonic Mythology
Authors: Grimm Jacob
Published: March 2015

The linguist and philologist Jacob Grimm (1785–1863) is best remembered as co-editor, with his brother Wilhelm, of Grimm's Fairy Tales, though their great Deutsches Wörterbuch remains an influential etymological reference work. Grimm's exhaustive study in comparative mythology and religion, Deutsche Mythologie, was first published in German in 1835: this English translation, published between 1880 and 1888, is of the posthumous fourth German edition of 1875. Drawing on his broad knowledge of language and world mythology, Grimm outlines a wide variety of themes in Germanic folklore (such as time, creation, destiny and the soul), comparing them to classical and oriental tales as well as charting the influence of Christianity on legends and on Pagan religion. Volume 4 contains supplementary material for the previous volumes and three appendices. Erudite and full of insight, this is an invaluable resource for scholars of mythology and religion as well as of German cultural history.
Alberuni's India
Authors: Bīrūnī Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad
Published: March 2015

Translated and annotated by orientalist Edward Sachau (1845–1930), this 1887–8 two-volume work is the account by Muslim polymath and traveller Alberuni (973–1048) of Indian political and social life in the medieval period. Sachau published the manuscript in Arabic in 1885–6, at the same time working on an English translation. Alberuni, born in Chorasmia, south of the Aral Sea, was one of the leading scholars of his day. He accompanied the Afghan ruler Mahmud on his invasion of India in the early eleventh century, and remained there for thirteen years, making a detailed study of Indian life and culture, and in particular studying the Hindu religion. Alberuni claims that his work is not polemical in nature, but a simple historical record of facts, and he commends the learning of the Hindus in philosophy, mathematics and astronomy. Volume 2 discusses among other subjects astronomy, religion, ritual and law.
Studies of a Biographer
Authors: Stephen Leslie
Published: March 2015

Sir Leslie Stephen (1832–1904) was founding Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB). Also a writer on philosophy, ethics, and literature, he was educated at Eton, King's College, London, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he remained as a Fellow and a tutor for a number of years. Though a sickly child, he later became a keen and successful mountaineer, taking part in first ascents of nine peaks in the Alps. These biographical essays and critiques were written originally for the National Review and published as two two-volume sets in 1898 and 1902. These vignettes show that, despite the years of preparing material for the DNB to its particular editorial requirements, Stephen was still a master of the finely crafted depiction of the essence of his chosen subjects. Volume 4 considers Shakespeare the man, Southey, Anthony Trollope and Robert Louis Stevenson, and includes a critique of recent works on Milton.
The Animal Kingdom
Authors: Cuvier Georges
Published: March 2015

Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), made a peer of France in 1819 in recognition of his work, was perhaps the most important European scientist of his day. His most famous work, Le Règne Animal, was published in French in 1817; Edward Griffith (1790–1858), a solicitor and amateur naturalist, embarked on in 1824, with a team of colleagues, an English version which resulted in this illustrated sixteen-volume edition with additional material, published between 1827 and 1835. Cuvier was the first biologist to compare the anatomy of fossil animals with living species, and he named the now familiar 'mastodon' and 'megatherium'. However, his studies convinced him that the evolutionary theories of Lamarck and St Hilaire were wrong, and his influence on the scientific world was such that the possibility of evolution was widely discounted by many scholars both before and after Darwin. Volume 12 covers molluscs and radiata.
Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft bei den Griechen und Römern
Authors: Steinthal Heymann
Published: March 2015

Heymann Steinthal (1823–99) was a German philologist and university professor who insisted that the development of linguistics could be properly understood only when viewed within a general cultural and philosophical framework. Initially an admirer of Wilhelm von Humboldt, he increasingly found more value in the works of fellow philologist August Böckh, to whom this 1863 work is dedicated. In this history of linguistics, Steinthal explores the concept of language in the Greek and Roman traditions, with special emphasis on the relationship to logic. The work is divided into two parts: in the first part, the author accounts for the nature of language in the philosophy of Plato, the Sophists and the Stoics; in the second part, he focuses on how grammar has developed since the Alexandrian school. Steinthal readily admits that Socratic irony and Aristotelian analytics are not simple concepts and warns against misrepresenting them by applying a contemporary interpretation.
P. Ovidii Nasonis Ibis
Authors: Ovid
Published: March 2015

Classical scholar Robinson Ellis (1834–1913) studied at Balliol College, Oxford, under Benjamin Jowett, before becoming a Fellow of Trinity and, in 1893, Corpus Professor of Latin. His 1876 Commentary on Catullus (also reissued in this series) publicised the Codex Oxoniensis but overlooked its significance and was criticised by other scholars in the field. Nevertheless, his commentaries became standard texts, including this 1881 publication of Ovid's Ibis. A vitriolic invective poem, written in exile, aimed at an enemy whose identity remains unclear, and invoking Callimachus' lost poem of the same name, it is probably Ovid's least-known work. This edition, including text, scholia, and Ellis's prolegomena and critical apparatus, illuminates nineteenth-century traditions of classical scholarship.
The Collected Works of William Morris
Authors: Morris William , Morris May
Published: March 2015

A creative titan of the Victorian age, William Morris (1834–96) produced a prodigious variety of literary and artistic work in his lifetime. In addition to his achievements as a versatile designer at the forefront of the arts and crafts movement, Morris distinguished himself as a poet, translated Icelandic sagas and classical epics, wrote a series of influential prose romances, and gave lectures promoting his socialist principles. His collected works, originally published in 24 volumes between 1910 and 1915, were edited by his daughter Mary (May) Morris (1862–1938), whose introductions to each volume chart with insight and sympathy the development of her father's literary, aesthetic and political passions. Volume 19 contains the second part of the novel The Well at the World's End (1896).
Lectures on Electricity
Authors: Noad Henry Minchin
Published: March 2015

During the early nineteenth-century craze for conducting kite experiments in lightning, deaths were not unheard of. Electrical physicists, meanwhile, were often shocked badly enough to collapse in the course of their work. However, the perils of electricity did not deter its proponents. Published in 1844, this enlarged collection of lectures by Henry Minchin Noad (1815–77) had proven immensely popular in earlier incarnations, eventually running to four editions and recognised as an invaluable textbook for electricians and telegraph engineers until the turn of the century. An electrical practitioner himself, Noad includes illustrated explanations of some of the most significant ideas in the field, and describes many of his own experiments, from his version of the lightning kite to a battery constructed with fifty jars and a thousand feet of wire. His work remains relevant to students in the history of science.
Manuel bibliographique des sciences psychiques ou occultes
Authors: Caillet Albert Louis
Published: March 2015

It was only in his forties that civil engineer Albert Louis Caillet (1869–1922) decided to abandon his career to devote himself to the study of psychic sciences. From 1912, he wrote several publications on occultism and created the Société Unitive, whose goal was 'to improve life through a reasoned system of mental, psychic and physical hygiene'. This three-volume compendium, first published in 1912, is an essential reference tool on the literature of the occult. The extensive bibliography lists hundreds of books on subjects as diverse as magic and witchcraft, mythology, divination, the Kabbalah, sects and secret societies, alchemy, ancient medicine, anthropology and philosophy. It includes detailed book descriptions, critical and historical notes, brief biographies of obscure authors and multiple editions of texts. Organised alphabetically, Volume 2 lists authors from E to L.
Experimental Researches in Electricity
Authors: Faraday Michael
Published: March 2015

Originally apprenticed to a bookbinder, Michael Faraday (1791–1867) began to attend Sir Humphrey Davy's chemistry lectures purely out of interest. Although he soon recognised that science would be his vocation, there was no defined career path to follow, and when he applied to Davy for work he was gently told to 'attend to the bookbinding'. It was only after a laboratory explosion in which Davy partially lost his sight that Faraday was taken on as his amanuensis. From this difficult beginning stemmed perhaps the most famous scientific career of the nineteenth century. This three-volume collection of Faraday's papers provides a comprehensive record of a key branch of his work. Volume 3, first published in 1855, includes his landmark paper on the effect of magnetism on light (known now as the Faraday Effect), work on the chemical implications of magnetism, and a fascinating speculation on a link between electricity and gravity.
The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle for 1842
Authors: Various Authors
Published: March 2015

The Nautical Magazine first appeared in 1832, and was published monthly well into the twenty-first century. It covers a wide range of subjects, including navigation, meteorology, technology and safety. An important resource for maritime historians, it also includes reports on military and scientific expeditions, and on current affairs. The 1842 volume focuses strongly on China in the context of the First Opium War; the December issue reports the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, which ceded Hong Kong to the British. Books reviewed include John Lee Scott's account (also available in the Cambridge Library Collection) of his shipwreck and imprisonment in China during the war. The volume also includes descriptions of Japan, the Seychelles, Rio de Janeiro and New Zealand, and an article on the improvement of the Thames, together with a detailed essay on the evils of tobacco, and health advice for Europeans in Africa.
William Morris
Authors: Morris May
Published: March 2015

A tireless champion of her father William, and a gifted designer and craftswoman in her own right, Mary (May) Morris (1862–1938) had a unique insight into his extraordinary career and creativity. It was she who undertook the exacting task of editing the twenty-four volumes of her father's collected works (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection). In 1936, towards the end of her life, she published this supplementary two-volume work, which includes further writings and sympathetic commentary, revealing 'the development of a mind which was singularly of one piece, however many-sided'. Volume 1 addresses William Morris' artistic and literary achievements. It contains May's introductory remarks and chapters of analysis, nearly fifty miscellaneous pieces by Morris on arts and crafts, items of verse juvenilia, several poems of the Earthly Paradise period, two translations from Icelandic, and several letters.
An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians
Authors: Lane Edward William
Published: March 2015

Edward William Lane (1801–76) published this work in two volumes in 1836. Resident in the country for many years, and fluent in Arabic, he devoted his life's study to Egypt. A fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Institut de France, Lane translated One Thousand and One Nights and selections from the Koran. His major work was an Arabic-English lexicon; a monumental undertaking, he was working on the sixth volume when he died. Volume 2 of Modern Egyptians primarily details Cairo's vibrant public space, covering drug use, games, street music and dancers, as well as snake charmers, storytelling, celebratory festivals, and funerals. It also examines Egyptian industry and the Jewish and Copt minorities. A bestseller in its own day, this well-illustrated work remains a key text for students of nineteenth-century Egypt and the Arab world.
Instructions in Gardening for Ladies
Authors: Loudon Jane
Published: March 2015

Jane Loudon (1807–58), the Mrs Beeton of the Victorian gardening world, wrote several popular books on horticulture and botany, specifically for women. She is also remembered as the author of The Mummy! - an early work of science fiction - and as editor of The Ladies' Companion. Her knowledge of plants and gardening was gained from her husband, the landscape designer John Claudius Loudon, whom she married in 1830, and from attending the lectures of the botanist John Lindley. Her notes from these were published as articles in John Loudon's Gardener's Magazine. This book, first published in 1840, was an immediate success, selling 1,350 copies on the day of publication and more than 200,000 in total. Written in the approachable style typical of her works, it covers all the elements of horticulture, and helped to encourage many Victorian women to take up gardening as a hobby.
Manual of British Botany
Authors: Babington Charles Cardale
Published: March 2015

First published in 1843, this book ran to eleven editions, with two published posthumously. Compiled by Cambridge botanist Charles Cardale Babington (1808–95) over the course of nine years, this was the first comprehensive catalogue of British plants for nearly a century and was conveniently pocket-sized for fieldwork. Babington was by this time the leader in the taxonomical research of higher plants. Providing both the Latin nomenclature assigned at the time and the common English or anglicised name, he divides plants according to the Linnaean natural orders and describes them in great technical detail. A useful glossary is also included to help the reader navigate the descriptions. As demonstrated in Memorials, Journal and Botanical Correspondence (also reissued in this series), Babington was a highly esteemed and influential scientist. This is the expanded 1904 ninth edition of his invaluable and enduring compendium.
Dracula
Authors: Stoker Bram
Published: March 2015

Since it was first published in 1897, this infamous Gothic horror novel, which brought its author international acclaim, has spawned a global following, inspiring hundreds of films and setting the seaside town of Whitby in North Yorkshire on the map forever. A sickly child, Bram Stoker (1847–1912) developed a fascination with the supernatural during his enforced confinement. He went on to become actor Henry Irving's business manager at the Lyceum Theatre in London, yet continued to pursue his literary interests. His iconic villain takes his name from Vlad the Impaler (1431–76), also known as Vlad Dracula, whereas the vampire's appearance and powerful personality is modelled on Irving. Famous for its epistolary form, Dracula went through eleven editions during Stoker's lifetime. Succeeding generations continue to be enthralled and thrilled anew by the tale's dark terror and deeply unsettling undercurrents.
Jude the Obscure
Authors: Hardy Thomas
Published: March 2015

Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) wanted his last novel 'to deal unaffectedly with the fret and fever, derision and disaster, that may press in the wake of the strongest passion known to humanity, and to point, without a mincing of words, the tragedy of unfulfilled aims'. First published in its present form in 1895 (although post-dated 1896) after appearing as an abridged serial, the work was met with as much opprobrium as admiration. Critics wrote reviews entitled 'Jude the Obscene' and 'Hardy the Degenerate' because of the novel's explicit content and deliberate attacks on the education system and marriage laws; even Hardy's wife took personal offence. Sparse and bleak, the story follows Jude Fawley, a promising self-taught scholar and village stonemason, as he navigates with increasing difficulty between the prejudices of the class system and two very different women: his wife, Arabella, and his ethereal, disturbed love, Sue Bridehead.
Joseph Conrad
Authors: Ford Ford Madox
Published: March 2015

Determined not to write a biography about his friend Joseph Conrad (1857–1924) in the usual dry style, Ford Madox Ford (1873–1939) instead produced a novel. As a result, some biographical facts are given less emphasis than others, in particular the acrimony which later blighted relations between the two men. But the work is distinguished by its liveliness and by a wealth of vivid detail. Ford describes Conrad's remarkably long-eared horse, his haphazard use of adverbs and their fraught collaboration over their second joint novel, Romance, during which Ford's carefully unexciting style provoked the adventure-loving Conrad to depression. Ford's impressionistic portrayal of Conrad as an elegant, likeable swindler and 'beautiful genius' strikes a far richer chord than a purely historical account. First published in 1924, just after Conrad's death, this work remains a striking example of creative non-fiction, instructive for scholars and students of English literature.
Apollonii Pergaei quae Graece exstant cum commentariis antiquis
Authors: Apollonius of Perga  , Heiberg Johan Ludvig
Published: March 2015

The Greek astronomer and geometrician Apollonius of Perga (c.262–c.190 BCE) produced pioneering written work on conic sections in which he demonstrated mathematically the generation of curves and their fundamental properties. His innovative terminology gave us the terms 'ellipse', 'hyperbola' and 'parabola'. The Danish scholar Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854–1928), a professor of classical philology at the University of Copenhagen, prepared important editions of works by Euclid, Archimedes and Ptolemy, among others. Published between 1891 and 1893, this two-volume work contains the definitive Greek text of the first four books of Apollonius' treatise together with a facing-page Latin translation. (The fifth, sixth and seventh books survive only in Arabic translation, while the eighth is lost entirely.) Volume 1 contains the first three books, with the editor's introductory matter in Latin.