bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryogenian evolution of stigmasteroid biosynthesis
Authors: Hoshino Yosuke , Poshibaeva Aleksandra , Meredith William , Snape Colin , Poshibaev Vladimir , Versteegh Gerard J. M. , Kuznetsov Nikolay , Leider Arne , van Maldegem Lennart , Neumann Mareike , Naeher Sebastian , Moczydłowska Małgorzata , Brocks Jochen J. , Jarrett Amber J. M. , Tang Qing , Xiao Shuhai , McKirdy David , Das Supriyo Kumar , Alvaro José Javier , Sansjofre Pierre , Hallmann Christian
Published: September 2017

Biosynthesis of C
29
sterols, enhancing eukaryotic temperature resistance, evolved during the global Neoproterozoic glaciations.
Latitudinal trends in shell production cost from the tropics to the poles
Authors: Watson Sue-Ann , Morley Simon A. , Peck Lloyd S.
Published: September 2017

Shell cost is low in present-day oceans along the planetary temperature gradient, but global change may increase shell cost.
Potyvirus virion structure shows conserved protein fold and RNA binding site in ssRNA viruses
Authors: Zamora Miguel , Méndez-López Eduardo , Agirrezabala Xabier , Cuesta Rebeca , Lavín José L. , Sánchez-Pina M. Amelia , Aranda Miguel A. , Valle Mikel
Published: September 2017

A widespread common protein fold packages ssRNA in virus particles with diverse morphology and genomic structure.
Infants make more attempts to achieve a goal when they see adults persist
Authors: Leonard Julia A. , Lee Yuna , Schulz Laura E.
Published: September 2017

If at first you don't succeed, try again

Does grit—the combination of perseverance and passion popularized in the media—differ from conscientiousness? Personality traits are embedded early in life and remain relatively stable, whereas grit (at least the passion component) may come and go and thus be malleable. Leonard
et al.
show that infants can learn from adults to persist through failure at arduous tasks (see the Perspective by Butler). Infants who had observed adults struggle for half a minute before activating a toy persisted when given their own complicated toy to play with, in contrast to the lesser grit displayed by infants who had seen only rapid and effortless adult successes.

Science
, this issue p.
1290
; see also p.
1236
Interacting amino acid replacements allow poison frogs to evolve epibatidine resistance
Authors: Tarvin Rebecca D. , Borghese Cecilia M. , Sachs Wiebke , Santos Juan C. , Lu Ying , O’Connell Lauren A. , Cannatella David C. , Harris R. Adron , Zakon Harold H.
Published: September 2017

Poison frogs resist their own chemical defense

Poison frogs produce a neurotoxin that protects them from predation. The frogs, however, run the risk of intoxicating themselves. Studying the frog neurotoxin epibatidine, which binds to acetylcholine receptors, Tarvin
et al.
found a single amino acid substitution. The substitution changes the configuration of the acetylcholine receptor, so that it decreases its sensitivity to the toxin. But acetylcholine signaling is essential for normal life. Expressing frog receptors in human cells revealed that different amino acid substitutions have occurred in different lineages that allow the frog to resist its own toxins while still letting target neurotransmitters function effectively.

Science
, this issue p.
1261
The hidden simplicity of subduction megathrust earthquakes
Authors: Meier M.-A. , Ampuero J. P. , Heaton T. H.
Published: September 2017

Universal scaling for big quakes

The amount of energy released as a large fault ruptures provides some clues about the overall size of an earthquake. Meier
et al.
looked at this energy release for more than 100 large earthquakes. Although the overall size of an earthquake cannot be predicted from the rate of energy release, a minimum size can be estimated. Estimating this minimum size could add valuable seconds to early earthquake warning algorithms, helping to avoid damage and save people from injury or death.

Science
, this issue p.
1277
The legacy of the Spanish flu
Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the World
Laura Spinney
PublicAffairs, 2017. 345 pp.
Authors: Shablovsky Suzanne
Published: September 2017

Nearly a century after it killed millions, a journalist reflects on how a pandemic changed the world
Caenorhabditis elegans as an Emerging Model for Virus-Host Interactions
Authors: Gammon Don B.
Published: September 2017

Since 1999,
Caenorhabditis elegans
has been extensively used to study microbe-host interactions due to its simple culture, genetic tractability, and susceptibility to numerous bacterial and fungal pathogens. In contrast, virus studies have been hampered by a lack of convenient virus infection models in nematodes. The recent discovery of a natural viral pathogen of
C. elegans
and development of diverse artificial infection models are providing new opportunities to explore virus-host interplay in this powerful model organism.
Host Noncoding Retrotransposons Induced by DNA Viruses: a SINE of Infection?
Authors: Tucker Jessica M. , Glaunsinger Britt A.
Published: September 2017

Our genomes are dominated by repetitive elements. The majority of these elements derive from retrotransposons, which expand throughout the genome through a process of reverse transcription and integration. Short interspersed nuclear elements, or SINEs, are an abundant class of retrotransposons that are transcribed by RNA polymerase III, thus generating exclusively noncoding RNA (ncRNA) that must hijack the machinery required for their transposition. SINE loci are generally transcriptionally repressed in somatic cells but can be robustly induced upon infection with multiple DNA viruses. Recent research has focused on the gene expression and signaling events that are modulated by SINE ncRNAs, particularly during gammaherpesvirus infection. Here, we review the biology of these SINE ncRNAs, explore how DNA virus infection may lead to their induction, and describe how novel gene regulatory and immune-related functions of these ncRNAs may impact the viral life cycle.
IKKγ-Mimetic Peptides Block the Resistance to Apoptosis Associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection
Authors: Briggs Louise C. , Chan A. W. Edith , Davis Christopher A. , Whitelock Nicholas , Hotiana Hajira A. , Baratchian Mehdi , Bagnéris Claire , Selwood David L. , Collins Mary K. , Barrett Tracey E.
Published: September 2017

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a lymphogenic disorder associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Key to the survival and proliferation of PEL is the canonical NF-κB pathway, which becomes constitutively activated following overexpression of the viral oncoprotein KSHV vFLIP (ks-vFLIP). This arises from its capacity to form a complex with the modulatory subunit of the IκB kinase (IKK) kinase, IKKγ (or NEMO), resulting in the overproduction of proteins that promote cellular survival and prevent apoptosis, both of which are important drivers of tumorigenesis. Using a combination of cell-based and biophysical assays together with structural techniques, we showed that the observed resistance to cell death is largely independent of autophagy or major death receptor signaling pathways and demonstrated that direct targeting of the ks-vFLIP–IKKγ interaction both in cells and
in vitro
can be achieved using IKKγ-mimetic peptides. Our results further reveal that these peptides not only induce cell killing but also potently sensitize PEL to the proapoptotic agents tumor necrosis factor alpha and etoposide and are the first to confirm ks-vFLIP as a tractable target for the treatment of PEL and related disorders.

IMPORTANCE
KSHV vFLIP (ks-vFLIP) has been shown to have a crucial role in cellular transformation, in which it is vital for the survival and proliferation of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an aggressive malignancy associated with infection that is resistant to the majority of chemotherapeutic drugs. It operates via subversion of the canonical NF-κB pathway, which requires a physical interaction between ks-vFLIP and the IKK kinase modulatory subunit IKKγ. While this interaction has been directly linked to protection against apoptosis, it is unclear whether the suppression of other cell death pathways implicated in ks-vFLIP pathogenesis is an additional contributor. We demonstrate that the interaction between ks-vFLIP and IKKγ is pivotal in conferring resistance to apoptosis. Additionally, we show that the ks-vFLIP–IKKγ complex can be disrupted using peptides leading to direct killing and the sensitization of PEL cells to proapoptotic agents. Our studies thus provide a framework for future therapeutic interventions.
Comparative Transcriptomics Highlights the Role of the Activator Protein 1 Transcription Factor in the Host Response to Ebolavirus
Authors: Wynne James W. , Todd Shawn , Boyd Victoria , Tachedjian Mary , Klein Reuben , Shiell Brian , Dearnley Megan , McAuley Alexander J. , Woon Amanda P. , Purcell Anthony W. , Marsh Glenn A. , Baker Michelle L.
Published: September 2017

Ebolavirus
and
Marburgvirus
comprise two genera of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Despite considerable research efforts, the molecular events following Ebola virus (EBOV) infection are poorly understood. With the view of identifying host factors that underpin EBOV pathogenesis, we compared the transcriptomes of EBOV-infected human, pig, and bat kidney cells using a transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) approach. Despite a significant difference in viral transcription/replication between the cell lines, all cells responded to EBOV infection through a robust induction of extracellular growth factors. Furthermore, a significant upregulation of activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor complex members
FOS
and
JUN
was observed in permissive cell lines. Functional studies focusing on human cells showed that EBOV infection induces protein expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear accumulation of JUN and, to a lesser degree, FOS. Using a luciferase-based reporter, we show that EBOV infection induces AP1 transactivation activity within human cells at 48 and 72 h postinfection. Finally, we show that JUN knockdown decreases the expression of EBOV-induced host gene expression. Taken together, our study highlights the role of AP1 in promoting the host gene expression profile that defines EBOV pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
Many questions remain about the molecular events that underpin filovirus pathophysiology. The rational design of new intervention strategies, such as postexposure therapeutics, will be significantly enhanced through an in-depth understanding of these molecular events. We believe that new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of EBOV may be possible by examining the transcriptomic response of taxonomically diverse cell lines (derived from human, pig, and bat). We first identified the responsive pathways using an RNA-seq-based transcriptomics approach. Further functional and computational analysis focusing on human cells highlighted an important role for the AP1 transcription factor in mediating the transcriptional response to EBOV infection. Our study sheds new light on how host transcription factors respond to and promote the transcriptional landscape that follows viral infection.
Liver transplantation in children: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Kohli Rohit , Cortes Miriam , Heaton N D , Dhawan Anil
Published: September 2017

In this review, we provide a state of the art of liver transplantation in children, as the procedure is now carried out for more than 30 years and most of our paediatric colleagues are managing these patients jointly with liver transplant centres. Our goal for this article is to enhance the understanding of the liver transplant process that a child and his family goes through while explaining the surgical advances and the associated complications that could happen in the immediate or long-term follow-up. We have deliberately introduced the theme that ‘liver transplant is a disease’ and ‘not a cure’, to emphasise the need for adherence with immunosuppression, a healthy lifestyle and lifelong medical follow-up.
Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in preterm infants: a randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Klotz Daniel , Schneider Hendryk , Schumann Stefan , Mayer Benjamin , Fuchs Hans
Published: September 2017

Objective

Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) has recently been described as a novel mode of respiratory support for premature infants. This study was designed to determine whether nHFOV decreases CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in premature infants more effectively than non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Design

Non-blinded prospective randomised controlled cross-over study.

Setting

University Medical Center tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

Patients

26 premature infants of 27±2 weeks of gestational age after extubation or non-invasive surfactant treatment.

Interventions

Infants were treated with 4 hours of nHFOV and 4 hours of nCPAP in a cross-over design. The sequence of the ventilation mode was randomly allocated.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome measure was pCO2 of arterial or arterialised blood 4 hours after commencing the respective mode of respiratory support. Secondary outcome criteria included events of apnoea and bradycardia, respiratory rate, heart rate, pain and/or discomfort, mean airway pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen and failure of non-invasive respiratory support.

Results

pCO2 after 4 hours of nHFOV was similar compared with 4 hours of nCPAP (p=0.33). pCO2 was 54.8 (14.6) vs 52.7 (9.3) mm Hg mean (SD) for the nHFOV–nCPAP period (n=13) and 49.0 (8.1) vs 47.7 (9.5) mm Hg for the nCPAP–nHFOV period (n=13). There was no difference in any of the secondary outcome measures. nHFOV was terminated prematurely in five cases for predefined failure criteria (p=0.051).

Conclusions

We could not demonstrate an increased carbon dioxide clearance applying nHFOV compared with nCPAP in this cohort of preterm infants.

Trial registration number

DRKS00007171, results.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Terrell Thomas Roland , Abramson Ruth , Barth Jeffery T , Bennett Ellen , Cantu Robert C , Sloane Richard , Laskowitz Daniel T , Erlanger David M , McKeag Douglas , Nichols Gregory , Valentine Verle , Galloway Leslie
Published: September 2017

Background/aim

To evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms APOE,APOEG-219T promoter, microtubule associated protein(MAPT)/tauexon 6 Ser53Pro, MAPT/tauHist47Tyr,IL-6572 G/C andIL-6RAsp358Alawith the risk of concussion in college athletes.

Methods

A 23-centre prospective cohort study of 1056 college athletes with genotyping was completed between August 2003 and December 2012. All athletes completed baseline medical and concussion questionnaires, and post-concussion data were collected for athletes with a documented concussion.

Results

The study cohort consisted of 1056 athletes of mean±SD age 19.7±1.5 years,89.3% male, 59.4% Caucasian, 35.0% African-American, 5.6% other race. The athletes participated in American football, soccer, basketball, softball, men’s wrestling and club rugby. A total of 133 (12.1% prevalence) concussions occurred during an average surveillance of 3 years per athlete. We observed a significant positive association betweenIL-6RCC (p=0.001) and a negative association betweenAPOE4 (p=0.03) and the risk of concussion. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis showed a significant association betweenIL-6RCC and concussion (OR 3.48; 95% CI 1.58 to 7.65; p=0.002) and between the APOE4 allele and concussion (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.96; p=0.04), which persisted after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusions

IL-6RCC was associated with a three times greater concussion risk andAPOE4 with a 40% lower risk.
Efficacy of individualised diets in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ali Ather , Weiss Theresa R , McKee Douglas , Scherban Alisa , Khan Sumiya , Fields Maxine R , Apollo Damian , Mehal Wajahat Z
Published: September 2017

Background

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are often placed on diets guided by food intolerance assays, although these have not been validated. We assessed the effects of individualised diets in patients with IBS guided by a leucocyte activation test.

Methods

This is a parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial of 58 adults with IBS seen at an academic health centre in Northeast USA. Peripheral venous blood was analysed using a leucocyte activation test; individual foods were reported to produce positive or negative results. Participants were randomised to a 4-week diet with either individualised guidance to eliminate foods with positive assay results and allow foods with negative assay results (intervention), or with individualised guidance, matched in rigour and complexity, to eliminate foods with negative assay results and allow foods with positive assay results (comparison). The primary outcome was between-group differences in the IBS Global Improvement Scale (GIS). Secondary outcomes included reductions in IBS Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) scores and increases in IBS Adequate Relief (AR) and Quality of Life (QOL) scores. An aptamer-based proteomic analysis was conducted in strong responders.

Results

The intervention group had significantly greater increases in mean GIS score after 4 weeks (0.86 vs comparison; 95% CI 0.05 to 1.67; p=0.04) and 8 weeks (1.22 vs comparison; 95% CI 0.22 to 2.22; p=0.02). The intervention group also had significantly greater reductions in mean SSS score at 4 weeks (–61.78 vs comparison; 95% CI –4.43 to –119.14; p=0.04) and 8 weeks (–66.42 vs comparison; 95% CI –5.75 to –127.09; p=0.03). There were no significant differences between intervention and comparison groups in mean AR or QOL scores. A reduction in neutrophil elastase concentration was associated with reduced symptoms.

Conclusions

Elimination diets guided by leucocyte activation tests reduced symptoms. These findings could lead to insights into the pathophysiology of IBS.

Trial registration number

NCT02186743.
Biopsychosocial factors associated with chronic low back pain disability in rural Nigeria: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Igwesi-Chidobe Chinonso Nwamaka , Coker Bolaji , Onwasigwe Chika N , Sorinola Isaac O , Godfrey Emma L
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Many people in Nigeria are living with disability due to chronic low back pain (CLBP), with the greatest burden accounted for by people living in rural Nigeria. However, factors associated with disability in rural Nigeria have not yet been established. We investigated the biomechanical and psychosocial predictors of CLBP disability in a rural Nigerian population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of adults with non-specific CLBP recruited from rural communities in Enugu State, South-eastern Nigeria. Measures of self-reported and performance-based disability, pain intensity, anxiety and depression, coping strategies, social support, occupational biomechanical factors, illness perceptions and fear avoidance beliefs were collected by trained community health workers. We used univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

200 individuals were recruited. Psychosocial factors were the most important factors associated with CLBP disability, and accounted for 62.5% and 49.1% of the variance in self-reported and performance-based disability, respectively. The significant predictors of self-reported disability were: illness perceptions (β=0.289; p<0.0005), pain intensity (β=0.230; p<0.0005), catastrophising (β=0.210; p=0.001), fear avoidance beliefs (β=0.198; p=0.001) and anxiety (β=0.154; p=0.023). The significant predictors of performance-based disability were: illness perceptions (β=0.366; p<0.0005), social support (β=0.290; p<0.0005), fear avoidance beliefs (β=0.189; p<0.01) and female gender (β=0.184; p<0.01). Illness concern was the most salient dimension of illness perceptions predicting self-reported and performance-based disability.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence which can be used to inform the development of interventions to reduce CLBP disability in rural Nigeria, and may have relevance in other rural African contexts.
Post-traumatic growth and its relationship to quality of life up to 9 years after liver transplantation: a cross-sectional study in Spain
Authors: Pérez-San-Gregorio María Ángeles , Martín-Rodríguez Agustín , Borda-Mas Mercedes , Avargues-Navarro María Luisa , Pérez-Bernal José , Conrad Rupert , Gómez-Bravo Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2017

Objective

Little is known concerning post-traumatic growth (PTG) after liver transplantation. Against this backdrop the current study analysed the relationship between PTG and time since transplantation on quality of life. Furthermore, it compared PTG between liver transplant recipients and their caregivers.

Design

Cross-sectional case–control study.

Setting

University Hospital in Spain.

Participants

240 adult liver transplant recipients who had undergone only one transplantation, with no severe mental disease, were the participants of the study. Specific additional analyses were conducted on the subset of 216 participants for whom caregiver data were available. Moreover, results were compared with a previously recruited general population sample.

Outcome measures

All participants completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and recipients also filled in the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Relevant sociodemographic and clinical parameters were also assessed.

Results

In the sample of 240 recipients, longer time since transplantation (>9 years) was associated with more pain symptoms (p=0.026). Regardless of duration, recipients showed lower scores on most quality of life dimensions than the general population. However, high PTG was associated with a significantly higher score on the vitality quality of life dimension (p=0.021). In recipients with high PTG, specific quality of life dimensions, such as bodily pain (p=0.307), vitality (p=0.890) and mental health (p=0.353), even equalled scores in the general population, whereas scores on general health surpassed them (p=0.006). Furthermore, liver transplant recipients (n=216) compared with their caregivers showed higher total PTG (p<0.001) and higher scores on the subscales relating to others (p<0.001), new possibilities (p<0.001) and appreciation of life (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the protective role of PTG in the long-term outcome of liver transplant recipients. Future studies should analyse and develop psychosocial interventions to strengthen PTG in transplant recipients and their caregivers.
A glossary for big data in population and public health: discussion and commentary on terminology and research methods
Authors: Fuller Daniel , Buote Richard , Stanley Kevin
Published: September 2017

The volume and velocity of data are growing rapidly and big data analytics are being applied to these data in many fields. Population and public health researchers may be unfamiliar with the terminology and statistical methods used in big data. This creates a barrier to the application of big data analytics. The purpose of this glossary is to define terms used in big data and big data analytics and to contextualise these terms. We define the five Vs of big data and provide definitions and distinctions for data mining, machine learning and deep learning, among other terms. We provide key distinctions between big data and statistical analysis methods applied to big data. We contextualise the glossary by providing examples where big data analysis methods have been applied to population and public health research problems and provide brief guidance on how to learn big data analysis methods.
Glucagon like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Option
Authors: Dhir Gauri , Cusi Kenneth
Published: September 2017

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is associated with a cluster of metabolic factors that lead to poor cardiovascular outcomes. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fat (triglyceride) accumulation closely mirrors adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance in obesity and T2DM. It is now recognized as the most common chronic liver disease in Westernized societies, often progressing to more severe forms of the disease such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, NAFLD remains largely overlooked by healthcare providers although it affects about two-thirds of patients with obesity and it promotes the development of T2DM. NAFLD mirrors adipose tissue and systemic insulin resistance, the liver being a ‘barometer’ of metabolic health. Although pioglitazone is emerging as the treatment of choice for NASH in patients with insulin-resistance, or those with T2DM, many other options are being tested. Due to their overall safety and efficacy, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are becoming one of the cornerstones for the management of both obesity and T2DM, and a novel alternative for the treatment of NAFLD. In this review, we will briefly summarize the status of GLP-1RA for the treatment of obesity and NAFLD.
Association of the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) with depression, stress and anxiety among Iranian military personnel
Authors: Rahmani Jamal , Milajerdi A , Dorosty-Motlagh A
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Psychological disorders have a major role in the incidence of chronic diseases and may result in reductions in the cost-effectiveness of the Armed Forces. Previous civilian studies have shown a protective association between healthy eating guidelines and mental disorders, but evidence to support this for a military population is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the association of Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) with depression, stress and anxiety among Iranian military personnel.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 male Army soldiers. Stress, anxiety, depression and dietary intakes were assessed. The association between variables was determined using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of depression, stress and anxiety in study participants was 15.9%, 10.6% and 27.2% respectively. Participants with the highest adherence to the AHEI-2010 had an 80% lower odds of depression than those with the lowest adherence (OR: 0.20; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.78). Such an association was also found between adherences to the AHEI-2010 and anxiety (OR: 0.28; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.95). No significant association between adherence to the AHEI-2010 and stress was found.

Conclusion

An inverse association between adherence to the AHEI-2010 and odds of depression and anxiety was found. Further studies are required to clarify this relationship.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness of preoperative embolization in surgery for metastatic spine disease
Authors: Luksanapruksa Panya , Buchowski Jacob M , Tongsai Sasima , Singhatanadgige Weerasak , Jennings Jack W
Published: September 2017

Background

Preoperative embolization (PE) may decrease intraoperative blood loss (IBL) in decompressive surgery of hypervascular spinal metastases. However, no consensus has been found in other metastases and no meta-analysis which reviewed the benefit of PE in spinal metastases has been conducted.

Objective

To assess IBL in spinal metastases surgery in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and cohort studies comparing PE and a control group of non-embolized patients.

Methods

A systematic search of relevant publications in PubMed and EMBASE was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were RCTs and observational studies in patients with spinal metastases who underwent spine surgery and reported IBL. Meta-analysis was performed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) of IBL. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic.

Results

A total of 265 abstracts (126 from PubMed and 139 from Embase) were identified through database searching. The reviewers selected six studies for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. The pooled SMD of the included studies was 0.58 (95% CI −0.10 to 1.25, p=0.09). Sensitivity analysis revealed that, if the study by Rehaket alwas omitted, the pooled SMD was significantly changed to 0.88 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.36, p<0.001) and PE reduced the IBL significantly. The pooled MD was 708.3 mL (95% CI −224.4 to 1640.9 mL, p=0.14). If the results of the Rehaket alstudy were omitted, the pooled MD was significantly changed to 1226.9 mL (95% CI 345.8 to 2108.1 mL, p=0.006).

Conclusions

PE can be effective in reducing IBL in spinal metastases surgery in both renal cell carcinoma and mixed primary tumor groups.
Noncommutative phase space with rotational symmetry and hydrogen atom
Authors: Gnatenko Kh. P. , Tkachuk V. M.
Published: September 2017

We construct algebra with noncommutativity of coordinates and noncommutativity of momenta which is rotationally invariant and equivalent to noncommutative algebra of canonical type. Influence of noncommutativity on the energy levels of hydrogen atom is studied in rotationally invariant noncommutative phase space. We find corrections to the levels up to the second order in the parameters of noncommutativity and estimate the upper bounds of these parameters.
Parametric excitation of optical phonons in weakly polar narrow band gap magnetized semiconductor plasmas
Authors: Sandeep  , Dahiya Sunita , Singh Navneet
Published: September 2017

An analytical treatment based on the hydrodynamic model of plasmas is developed to study parametric amplification and oscillation of optical phonon modes in weakly polar narrow direct-gap magnetized semiconductor plasmas. Second-order optical susceptibility arising due to nonlinear polarization and the basic operational characteristics of the parametric device, viz. threshold nature, power gain mechanisms and conversion efficiency, are obtained. The effects of doping, magnetic field and excitation intensity, on the above operational characteristics have been studied in detail. Numerical estimates are made for an n-InSb crystal at 5 K duly irradiated by a pulsed 10.6 [Formula: see text] CO2 laser. The analysis suggests the possibility of observing super-fluorescent parametric emission and oscillation in moderately doped n-InSb crystal under off-resonant nanosecond pulsed not-too-high power laser irradiation, the crystal being immersed in a large magnetic field.
Hybrid soliton solutions in the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Chen Meidan , Li Biao
Published: September 2017

Rational solutions and hybrid solutions from N-solitons are obtained by using the bilinear method and a long wave limit method. Line rogue waves and lumps in the (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation are derived from two-solitons. Then from three-solitons, hybrid solutions between kink soliton with breathers, periodic line waves and lumps are derived. Interestingly, after the collision, the breathers are kept invariant, but the amplitudes of the periodic line waves and lumps change greatly. For the four-solitons, the solutions describe as breathers with breathers, line rogue waves or lumps. After the collision, breathers and lumps are kept invariant, but the line rogue wave has a great change.
Probing hydrogen adsorption behaviors of Ti- and Ni-decorated carbon nanotube by density functional theory
Authors: Mei Feng , Ma Xinguo , Bie Yeguang , Xu Guowang
Published: September 2017

The hydrogen adsorption properties of Ti and Ni atoms as media on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) have been studied by density functional theory (DFT) incorporating a pragmatic method to correctly describe van der Waals interactions. The results show that both Ti and Ni atoms can reliably adhere to single-walled carbon nanotube, respectively, making strong TM[Formula: see text]C bonds. Meantime, it is found that the average adsorption energies of H2 by Ti and Ni atoms are decreased with the increase of the amount of H2 adsorption. Ti or Ni atoms can bind up to no more than six H2 molecules on a carbon nanotube. It is inferred that these transition metals (TMs) can adsorb molecular hydrogen through likely Kubas-type interaction. By comparing the interaction energies among TM and H atoms, it can be identified that the hydrogen adsorption properties of Ti atoms are superior to those of Ni atoms at certain conditions. The present investigation is useful in the wider development of carbon-based nanomaterials as potential high-capacity H2 storage media.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Lorentz violating background
Authors: Masood Syed , Shah Mushtaq B. , Ganai Prince A.
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we study spontaneous symmetry breaking of gauge theories in a Lorentz violating background. Here, Lorentz symmetry will be broken down to its subgroup using the formalism of very special relativity. The breaking of the Lorentz symmetry will modify the gauge theories, and this will in turn modify the Higgs mechanisms for such theories. We will explicitly demonstrate that the different Hilbert spaces in various gauges of this theory can be related to each other through the gaugeon formalism. We will also discuss the FFBRST transformation for this theory, and observe that gaugeon formalism can be obtained from same. Thus, by making the BRST parameter finite and field dependent, we can relate different Hilbert spaces in different gauges for a gauge theory with spontaneous symmetry breaking in VSR.
Limit Order Strategic Placement with Adverse Selection Risk and the Role of Latency
Authors: Lehalle Charles-Albert , Mounjid Othmane
Published: September 2017

This paper is split in three parts: first, we use labeled trade data to exhibit how market participants’ decisions depend on liquidity imbalance; then, we develop a stochastic control framework where agents monitor limit orders, by exploiting liquidity imbalance, to reduce adverse selection. For limit orders, we need optimal strategies essentially to find a balance between fast execution and avoiding adverse selection: if the price has chances to go down, the probability to be filled is high, but it is better to wait a little more to get a better price. In a third part, we show how the added value of exploiting liquidity imbalance is eroded by latency: being able to predict future liquidity consuming flows is of less use if you do not have enough time to cancel and reinsert your limit orders. There is thus a rationale for market makers to be as fast as possible to reduce adverse selection. Latency costs of our limit order driven strategy can be measured numerically.

To authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to make the connection between empirical evidences, a stochastic framework for limit orders including adverse selection, and the cost of latency. Our work is a first step to shed light on the role played by latency and adverse selection in optimal limit order placement.
Exploring the Recovery Lakes region and interior Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, with airborne gravity, magnetic and radar measurements
Authors: Forsberg Rene , Olesen Arne V. , Ferraccioli Fausto , Jordan Tom A. , Matsuoka Kenichi , Zakrajsek Andres , Ghidella Marta , Greenbaum Jamin S.
Published: September 2017

Long-range airborne geophysical measurements were carried out in the ICEGRAV campaigns, covering hitherto unexplored parts of interior East Antarctica and part of the Antarctic Peninsula. The airborne surveys provided a regional coverage of gravity, magnetic and ice-penetrating radar measurements for major Dronning Maud Land ice stream systems, from the grounding lines up to the Recovery Lakes drainage basin, and filled in major data voids in Antarctic data compilations, such as AntGP for gravity data, ADMAP for magnetic data and BEDMAP2 for ice thickness data and the sub-ice topography. We present the first maps of gravity, magnetic and ice thickness data and bedrock topography for the region and show examples of bedrock topography and basal reflectivity patterns. The 2013 Recovery Lakes campaign was carried out with a British Antarctic Survey Twin Otter aircraft operating from the Halley and Belgrano II stations, as well as a remote field camp located at the Recovery subglacial Lake B site. Gravity measurements were the primary driver for the survey, with two airborne gravimeters (Lacoste and Romberg and Chekan-AM) providing measurements at an accuracy level of around 2 mGal r.m.s., supplementing GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite data and confirming an excellent sub-milligal agreement between satellite and airborne data at longer wavelengths.
Mutual Funds in Equilibrium
Authors: Berk Jonathan B. , van Binsbergen Jules H.
Published: September 2017

Historically, the literature on money management has inconsistently applied the rational expectations equilibrium concept. We explain why and summarize developments in the money management literature that do apply this concept correctly. We demonstrate that the rational expectations equilibrium approximates the observed equilibrium in the money management space at least as well as it does in the stock market. Recent work reveals that there is little support for the common conclusion that, as a group, investors in the money management space are naive and that mutual fund managers are charlatans. Even today, equilibrium thinking is not nearly as prevalent in mutual fund research as it is in the rest of asset pricing. This state of play provides a multitude of opportunities for future research in the area.
What to Do About the GSEs?
Authors: Richardson Matthew P. , Van Nieuwerburgh Stijn , White Lawrence J.
Published: September 2017

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two large government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) that are at the center of US residential mortgage finance, are “elephants in the room” that are being ignored as part of broad-brush financial sector reform. Neither the Dodd–Frank Act nor recently proposed overhauls of Dodd–Frank have addressed reform of the GSEs’ structures, although the GSEs were placed in government conservatorships in early September 2008 and have remained in that state since then. In this article, we review what the GSEs do and how they got themselves into financial difficulties, and we provide an overview of some of the major proposals for reforming the US residential mortgage finance system. We conclude with our own ideas and suggestions for how housing finance, as well as housing policy more generally, should be reformed.
The Recent Atlantic Cold Anomaly: Causes, Consequences, and Related Phenomena
Authors: Josey Simon A. , Hirschi Joel J.-M. , Sinha Bablu , Duchez Aurélie , Grist Jeremy P. , Marsh Robert
Published: September 2017

Cold ocean temperature anomalies have been observed in the mid- to high-latitude North Atlantic on interannual to centennial timescales. Most notably, a large region of persistently low surface temperatures accompanied by a sharp reduction in ocean heat content was evident in the subpolar gyre from the winter of 2013–2014 to 2016, and the presence of this feature at a time of pervasive warming elsewhere has stimulated considerable debate. Here, we review the role of air-sea interaction and ocean processes in generating this cold anomaly and place it in a longer-term context. We also discuss the potential impacts of surface temperature anomalies for the atmosphere, including the North Atlantic Oscillation and European heat waves; contrast the behavior of the Atlantic with the extreme warm surface event that occurred in the North Pacific over a similar timescale; and consider the possibility that these events represent a response to a change in atmospheric planetary wave forcing.
Mixing Efficiency in the Ocean
Authors: Gregg M.C. , D'Asaro E.A. , Riley J.J. , Kunze E.
Published: September 2017

Mixing efficiency is the ratio of the net change in potential energy to the energy expended in producing the mixing. Parameterizations of efficiency and of related mixing coefficients are needed to estimate diapycnal diffusivity from measurements of the turbulent dissipation rate. Comparing diffusivities from microstructure profiling with those inferred from the thickening rate of four simultaneous tracer releases has verified, within observational accuracy, 0.2 as the mixing coefficient over a 30-fold range of diapycnal diffusivities. Although some mixing coefficients can be estimated from pycnocline measurements, at present mixing efficiency must be obtained from channel flows, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations. Reviewing the different approaches demonstrates that estimates and parameterizations for mixing efficiency and coefficients are not converging beyond the at-sea comparisons with tracer releases, leading to recommendations for a community approach to address this important issue.
Status Dynamics
Authors: Bendersky Corinne , Pai Jieun
Published: September 2017

Despite an extensive history of research on status (the prestige, respect, and esteem that a party has in the eyes of others), the time is ripe for a new review of the status literature given a fairly recent trend to study the dynamic nature of status, that is, not just how individuals acquire status, but also how they maintain or lose it over time. Greater understanding of dynamic status processes better informs our predictions about individuals' behavior and group outcomes as a function of the kinds of status interactions that play out over time.
The impact of artifact correction methods of RR series on heart rate variability parameters
Authors: Rincon Soler Anderson Ivan , Silva Luiz Eduardo Virgilio , Fazan Rubens , Murta Luiz Otavio
Published: September 2017

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is widely used to investigate the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system. HRV is often analyzed using RR time series, which can be affected by different types of artifacts. Although there are several artifact correction methods, there is no study that compares their performances in actual experimental contexts. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of different artifact correction methods on several HRV parameters. Initially, 36 ECG recordings of control rats or rats with heart failure or hypertension were analyzed to characterize artifact occurrence rates and distributions, to be mimicked in simulations. After a rigorous analysis, only 16 recordings ( n = 16) with artifact-free segments of at least 10,000 beats were selected. RR interval losses were then simulated in the artifact-free (reference) time series according to real observations. Correction methods applied to simulated series were deletion, linear interpolation, cubic spline interpolation, modified moving average window, and nonlinear predictive interpolation. Linear (time- and frequency-domain) and nonlinear HRV parameters were calculated from corrupted-corrected time series, as well as for reference series to evaluate the accuracy of each correction method. Results show that NPI provides the overall best performance. However, several correction approaches, for example the simple deletion procedure, can provide good performance in some situations, depending on the HRV parameters under consideration.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work analyzes the performance of some correction techniques commonly applied to the missing beats problem in RR time series. From artifact-free RR series, spurious values were inserted based on actual data of experimental settings. We intend our work to be a guide to show how artifacts should be corrected to preserve as much as possible the original heart rate variability properties.
Interacting networks of brain regions underlie human spatial navigation: a review and novel synthesis of the literature
Authors: Ekstrom Arne D. , Huffman Derek J. , Starrett Michael
Published: September 2017

Navigation is an inherently dynamic and multimodal process, making isolation of the unique cognitive components underlying it challenging. The assumptions of much of the literature on human spatial navigation are that 1) spatial navigation involves modality independent, discrete metric representations (i.e., egocentric vs. allocentric), 2) such representations can be further distilled to elemental cognitive processes, and 3) these cognitive processes can be ascribed to unique brain regions. We argue that modality-independent spatial representations, instead of providing exact metrics about our surrounding environment, more often involve heuristics for estimating spatial topology useful to the current task at hand. We also argue that egocentric (body centered) and allocentric (world centered) representations are better conceptualized as involving a continuum rather than as discrete. We propose a neural model to accommodate these ideas, arguing that such representations also involve a continuum of network interactions centered on retrosplenial and posterior parietal cortex, respectively. Our model thus helps explain both behavioral and neural findings otherwise difficult to account for with classic models of spatial navigation and memory, providing a testable framework for novel experiments.
A Parallel Biased Random‐Key Genetic Algorithm with Multiple Populations Applied to Irregular Strip Packing Problems
Authors: Amaro Júnior Bonfim , Pinheiro Plácido Rogério , Coelho Pedro Veras
Published: September 2017

The irregular strip packing problem (ISPP) is a class of cutting and packing problem (C&P) in which a set of items with arbitrary formats must be placed in a container with a variable length. The aim of this work is to minimize the area needed to accommodate the given demand. ISPP is present in various types of industries from manufacturers to exporters (e.g., shipbuilding, clothes, and glass). In this paper, we propose a parallel Biased Random‐Key Genetic Algorithm (µ‐BRKGA) with multiple populations for the ISPP by applying a collision‐free region (CFR) concept as the positioning method, in order to obtain an efficient and fast layout solution. The layout problem for the proposed algorithm is represented by the placement order into the container and the corresponding orientation. In order to evaluate the proposed (µ‐BRKGA) algorithm, computational tests using benchmark problems were applied, analyzed, and compared with different approaches.
Investigation of Sphere Decoder and Channel Tracking Algorithms for Media-Based Modulation over Time-Selective Channels
Authors: Li Yongzhi , Tao Cheng , Li Yapeng , Liu Liu , Zhou Tao
Published: September 2017

The performance of media-based modulation (MBM) systems, where additional information can be conveyed by the indices of the channel states created by RF mirrors, over time-selective channels is investigated. By transforming the MBM system model into a traditional MIMO system model, we first propose a reduced complexity sphere decoder algorithm. Then two channel tracking algorithms, which are based on least mean square adaptive filter and recursive least-squares adaptive filter, are employed in order to combat the performance loss caused by the time-varying channels. Numerical results show that the proposed sphere decoder and these two channel tracking algorithms perform well in MBM systems.