bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affluence vs. Destitution
Authors: N. N.
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two years' “culture” during the In 2016 project's target year.

*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Freedom vs. Constraint
Authors: N. N.
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries' “culture” during the In 2016 project's target year.

*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Algoritmos Genéticos aplicado ao mundo de Wumpus: uma comparação entre agentes baseados em regras e agentes inteligentes
Authors: Martins Victor S. , Freitas Julio Cezar Gonçalves de , Mendes Ingrid Nery , Teixeira Otávio Noura
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho compara a aplicação de agentes inteligentes aplicados ao mundo do Wumpus. Os agentes estudados são baseados em regras e algoritmos genéticos (AG). Os experimentos mostram a possibilidade de utilização de ambas técnicas para problemas de busca, bem como um melhor resultado para aquele agente baseado em AG. Além disso, compara variações dos AGs, investigando a utilização de elitismo no processo de seleção da próxima geração.
Conteúdo web acessível às pessoas com deficiência visual: pesquisa e criação de e-book informativo aos desenvolvedores
Authors: Cunha Raissa Sabino , Rodrigues Luciene Cavalcanti
Published: February 2022

O projeto visa despertar a conscientização das gerações atuais e futuras sobre a importância da acessibilidade nos meios digitais através de métodos instrutivos, no sentido de colaborar com as leis brasileiras de inclusão digital. A proposta é apresentar as dificuldades que os deficientes visuais possuem no meio digital, elaborando um e-book educativo para desenvolvedores Web de forma a orientar os cuidados necessários durante a elaboração de seus projetos para que esses implementem as recomendações de acessibilidade e permitam interação de pessoas com alguma limitação, assim, promovendo maior alcance e inclusão destes indivíduos. O e-book foi construído levando-se em conta uma pesquisa realizada com desenvolvedores Web, após disponibilizado o e-book o link foi enviado aos respondentes de forma a verificar a qualidade do resultado final do projeto.
Internet of Toys: Despertar a Criatividade ou o Pesadelo de Segurança da Informação?
Authors: Santos Christiane Borges
Published: February 2022

A privacidade e a segurança da informação são sempre grandes desafios. Recentemente, os maiores ataques cibernéticos foram disparados através de vulnerabilidades encontradas em dispositivos eletro-eletrônicos, e um alvo em potencial são os brinquedos conectados. Bonecas, ursos de pelúcia, babás eletrônicas e carrinhos cada vez mais inteligentes e conectados à Internet. O que parecia uma brincadeira inocente pode se tornar uma grande dor de cabeça para pais e responsáveis. E isso é algo ainda mais preocupante agora, em tempos de pandemia, em que muitos estão trabalhando no formato homeoffice. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar conceitos da Internet of Toys (IoToys), requisitos de segurança e privacidade, além de mostrar um breve estudo de caso sobre vulnerabilidades.
Cultura do uso de Softwares Piratas na região Extremo Oeste Catarinense e Noroeste Gaúcho
Authors: Feiten Andressa Franciele , Colling Juliane
Published: February 2022

O uso de softwares em nosso dia a dia é uma prática rotineira, no entanto, percebe-se uma cultura de utilização de softwares que deveriam ser pagos, sem o devido licenciamento, utilizando-se da prática de pirataria de software. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar se a população da região extremo oeste catarinense e noroeste gaúcho possui ciência sobre conceito e riscos do software pirata, bem como se fazem uso destes. Para isso, utilizou-se de um questionário online, divulgado por meio de redes sociais e aplicativos de mensagens. Como resultado, identificou-se que a maioria dos respondentes sabe o que é o software pirata e conhece os riscos de segurança e legais associados ao seu uso, mas ainda assim utiliza alguns softwares piratas. Conclui-se que o uso de softwares piratas faz parte de uma cultura enraizada, sendo necessárias ações de informação, conscientização e educação digital a longo prazo para intervir nesta situação.
Explorando técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para aprimoramento da previsão de geadas no sul e sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Garcia José Roberto Motta
Published: February 2022

A previsão operacional de geadas do CPTEC/INPE é baseada em um índice estabelecido a partir da variação numérica de variáveis meteorológicas de um modelo de previsão de tempo, que é comparado aos valores previstos operacionalmente. Um constante aprimoramento dessas previsões visando mitigar danos econômicos e sociais decorrentes de geadas se faz necessária. O propósito deste trabalho é identificar uma metodologia baseada em aprendizado de máquina que supere o desempenho do sistema de previsão atual. Para tanto, esta pesquisa exploratória aplicou diferentes combinações entre três algoritmos, variando suas parametrizações e o conjunto de variáveis preditoras de dados de estações meteorológicas do sul e sudeste do Brasil. Testes preliminares em previsões de 24h mostram que o desempenho supera o método atual, sinalizando que o processo de busca da metodologia mais adequada deve ser continuada.
IrrigaFeijão – Software para Manejo da Irrigação do Feijoeiro
Authors: Silveira Pedro M. , Narciso Marcelo G. , Heinemann Alexandre B. , Silva Silvando C. , Noleto Fábio F. , Stone Luís F.
Published: February 2022

Para evitar a perda de produtividade do feijoeiro, por fornecimento inadequado de água para a planta, é importante uma irrigação planejada, de forma a irrigar somente o necessário para o feijoeiro se desenvolver e ter a maior produtividade de grãos. Neste contexto, para o caso da irrigação ser por pivô-central, existe um software, para a cultura de feijão, o IrrigaFeijão, que permite quantificar a água necessária para o desenvolvimento da planta.
Avaliação da eficiência do classificador Iso Cluster para o monitoramento de desmatamento na Amazônia Legal
Authors: Iora Adriana M. , Boni Andressa , Vani Igor , Fensterseifer Sandro L. B.
Published: February 2022

As florestas tropicais são essenciais para diversas funções ecossistêmicas, porém o desmatamento é responsável pela sua destruição. Por isso, a importância de programas de monitoramento que utilizam imagens de sensoriamento remoto para analisar, identificar e quantificar mudanças na cobertura florestal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do classificador Iso Cluster para monitorar o desmatamento na Amazônia Legal. Para a condução deste estudo foram utilizadas as imagens de quatro cenas, localizadas no estado do Mato Grosso, obtidas pelo satélite Sentinel 2 e após realizou-se o processamento delas no software ArcGIS 10.3.1 Apesar da necessidade de algumas correções, o classificador Iso Cluster apresentou bons resultados.
Classificação climática de thornthwaite (1948) para a região Centro-Oeste: uma abordagem inédita para a maior região produtora de grãos do Brasil
Authors: Lima Rafael F. , Aparecido Lucas E. O. , Torsoni Guilherme B. , Souza Gabriel H. O.
Published: February 2022

Uma forma simples de captar a variação do clima sobre um local é através do uso de Sistemas de classificação climática. Dessa forma o objetivo desse trabalho é classificar o clima da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil utilizando o sistema de classificação climática de Thornthwaite (1948). Foram coletados dados climáticos da estação NASA / POWER de forma diária no período de 1990 – 2020, onde foram calculados a evapotranspiração potencial e o balanço hídrico climatológico. A classificação climática foi gerada pelo sistema de Thornthwaite (1948). Foram obtidas 24 classes climáticas para toda a região de estudo, sendo as classes mais predominantes a ArA'a' e B1rA'a' com 15,0% e 12,5% respectivamente.
Estimativa da Cercosporiose do café usando clima em Varginha, Minas Gerais
Authors: Cabral Camila D. , Lima Rafael F. de , Aparecido Lucas Eduardo de O. , Corsini Fábio Dos S. , O. Júnior Geraldo G. de
Published: February 2022

A cafeicultura é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro, sendo cada vez mais acometida ao ataque de doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar um tratamento de Cercosporiose no município de Varginha em função de elementos climáticos. Foram coletados dados de incidência de Cercosporiose em cafés de Boletins Fitossanitários da Procafé e informações climatológicas da plataforma NASA / POWER. Os dados foram encontrados em uma Análise de Correlação Múltipla. O modelo criado para estimar a incidência da doença foram ocorrências de avaliações. As variáveis climáticas que demonstraram maior influência na previsão da Cercosporiose foram pressão de saturação de vapor e velocidade média do vento.
Impacto das mudanças climáticas no período 2040-2080 sobre a aptidão do cultivo de Coffea arabica no Brasil
Authors: Lorençone João Antonio , Aparecido Lucas E. de O. , Lorençone Pedro Antonio , Torsoni Guilherme Botega
Published: February 2022

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o impacto das mudanças climáticas sobre as áreas aptas para o cultivo do café arábica nos diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas. O trabalho foi realizado para todo o Brasil, sendo utilizado dados no período de 1960-2020. Ainda, para obtenção dos dados climáticos futuros foi utilizado o modelo climático o BCC – CSM 1, de todos os cenários RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5. Todos os cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas demonstraram redução no total de áreas aptas ao cultivo do cafeeiro no Brasil, com redução média de 50%. Ainda, as áreas com restrição por excesso térmico e deficiência hídrica foram as mais comuns por todo o país nos cenários futuros, com média de 63% de todo território.
Foreign Affairs
Authors: Steinkamp Volker
Published: February 2022

The western world initially greeted the fall of the Berlin Wall and the eventual collapse of the Communist Eastern Bloc with great hopes for an equally liberal and peaceful world. Today, thirty years after the fact, and with many of the old certainties gone, the international world of states finds itself in a state of dangerous instability and increasing tensions. Against this background, it is not surprising that foreign policy has once again become the subject of a debate: what should it look like in the 21st century and what goals should it pursue? This essay does not claim to give an exhaustive answer to these questions. Neither is its author, Professor of Romance Languages at the University of Duisburg-Essen, satisfied with the demand recently made by the Former German Head of State Joachim Gauck, challenging Germany to thoroughly enhance its involvement in the world and assume a higher degree of responsibility that it did in the past. Rather, the essay takes a critical look at the theoretical foundations of such an involvement and argues for a new realism in foreign policy.
Wegfall der Schuld
Authors: Rugullis Sven
Published: February 2022

The legal system is becoming increasingly frayed. It dissolves into ever more specific and smaller individual areas. The overview of the whole threatens to get lost. This development does not spare the law of obligations either. This book attempts to counteract this for the central area of the law of obligations. The framework supplied here can be used to collocate and systematically arrange the numerous and diverse individual legal phenomena with regard to the grounds for extinguishing a debt; it also shows the underlying structures. Here, the focus is not on the well-known reasons for extinguishing debt, "fulfilment" and "fulfilment surrogates", but on the reason for extinguishing debt, "elimination of the debt".
Gill Morphology and Formulae of European Astacidae
Authors: Kawai Tadashi , Policar Tomáš , Kouba Antonín
Published: February 2022

We examined gills (podobranchs, arthrobranchs and pleurobranchs) from five European Astacidae (Austropotamobius pallipes, Austropotamobius torrentium, Astacus astacus, Pontastacus leptodactylus and Pontastacus pachypus) to assess the relationships between their phylogeny and gill morphology and formulae. In addition, we checked for the presence or absence of pleurocoxal lappets. The morphology of the gills and associated structures was similar in all examined European astacid species except for three rudimentary pleurobranchs found in P. pachypus. In European Astacidae and Cambaroididae, the pleurocoxal lappets are absent but are present in the American Astacidae, Cambaridae and Parastacidae. The number of pleurobranchs decreases from the most primitive Parastacidae to the most advanced Cambaridae. Nevertheless, although the most primitive parastacid crayfish and the most advanced Cambaridae all have pleurocoxal lappets, they are absent in European Astacidae and Cambaroididae, which suggests that a reversible gill morphology has occurred in crayfish evolution.
Estratégias de transição para alta hospitalar utilizadas por enfermeiros: revisão integrativa
Authors: Gallo Valéria Cristina Lopes , Khalaf Daiana Kloh , Hammerschmidt Karina Silveira de Almeida , Santiago Mariane Lima , Vendruscolo Carine
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: identificar estratégias de transição do cuidado na alta hospitalar, utilizadas por enfermeiros para o fortalecimento da continuidade do cuidado, disponíveis na literatura científica. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, que incluiu estudos completos, tendo como referência as estratégias "care transition" OR "Continuity of Patient Care" OR "care continuity" AND nurse para as bases de dados BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS e WoS   e "care transition" OR "care continuity" AND nurse para CINAHL, publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português, entre 2016 e 2020, que responderam à questão de revisão. Resultados: foram selecionados 23 artigos, e as estratégias de transição do cuidado para a alta hospitalar usadas por enfermeiros para o fortalecimento do cuidado foram educação em saúde, reconciliação medicamentosa, telemonitoramento, planejamento da alta, contrarreferência e visita domiciliar. Conclusão: o enfermeiro é responsável pelo desenvolvimento de estratégias de transição interconectadas para o fortalecimento do cuidado, desenvolvendo ações diversificadas que qualificam a atenção.
Adesão aos protocolos de atendimento para a não infecção de sítio cirúrgico de coluna
Authors: Krummenauer Eliane Carlosso , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo , Menezes Rochele Mosmann , Lima Telmo Tiburcio Fortes , Carneiro Marcelo
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a adesão aos protocolos de atendimento para a não infecção de sítio cirúrgico (NISC) de coluna e os fatores associados. Método:  estudo transversal realizado por meio da revisão de 60 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de coluna de 2015 a 2019, seu desfecho de não infecção e as condições relacionadas. O estudo foi executado no primeiro semestre de 2020. Resultados: algumas variáveis relacionadas para NISC foram: profilaxia antimicrobiana de 30 a 60 min antes da cirurgia (RR= 0,97; p=0,026), normotermia (RR= 0,80; p=0,050), internação pós cirúrgica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (até 3 dias) (RR=2,00; p=0,040). A frequência de NISC foi de 83,3% (50/60) p= 0,728). Conclusão: apenas a normotermia foi fator associado a não infecção para NISC na regressão linear. Ressalta-se que a adesão aos processos de trabalho são primordiais para a proteção das infecções, reduzir eventos adversos e garantir a segurança.
Molecular docking and in vitro analysis of phytoextracts from B. serrata for antibacterial activities
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India, Vakayil Ramsi
Published: February 2022

The bioactives of Boswellia serrata have a role in ulcer healing therapies. Eleven bioactive compounds were obtained by GC-MS among which Cholan-24-oic acid, 3,12-bis (acetyl oxy) has a high molecular weight of 490.6719 with a retention time of 26.729. Twenty wound samples were collected aseptically from the labs and hospitals in and around the Namakkal districts of Tamilnadu, India. The antibacterial potential of E.coli showed a maximum inhibition of 27 mm against Tetracycline at 30μg. The ethanolic extract of the B. serrata shows a susceptibility of 19mm towards E. coli at 60μg concentration in MIC. Molecular docking results show the binding energy of Cholan-24-oic acid, 3,12-bis(acetyloxy) -8.6 (kcal/mol) followed by Pyrene, hexadecahydro- -6.7 (kcal/mol), and 5(1H)- Azulenone, 2,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-, (8S-cis)- 6.4 (kcal/mol) for further consideration.
Combinational therapeutics to combat cancer
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-2440, Saudi Arabia, Al Otaibi Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Mono-therapeutics is rarely effective as a treatment option, which limits the survival of patients in advanced grade aggressive cancers. Combinational therapeutics (multiple drugs for multiple targets) to combat cancer is gaining momentum in recent years. Hence, it is of interest to document known data for combinational therapeutics in cancer treatment. An amalgamation of therapeutic agents enhances the efficacy and potency of the therapy. Combinational therapy can potentially target multiple pathways that are necessary for the cancer cells to proliferate, and/or target molecules, which may help cancer to become more aggressive and metastasize. In this review, we discuss combinational therapeutics, which include human T cells in combinations with biologically active anti-cancer molecules, which synergistically may produce promising combinational therapeutics.
Hematological profiles of COVID-19 patients at the Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh State, India
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh 457001, India, Meena Anil
Published: February 2022

It is of interest to compare the hematological profile (using Complete blood count) of COVID patients admitted in ICU, private ward, and isolation ward with varying severity. This data will help predict the severity of infection at peripheries and rural areas. Detailed history and CBC was performed for all the cases. Different ratios and indexes such as systemic inflammatory index (SII), Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were assessed. A total of 862 cases with a mean age of 49.9ą17.4 years were enrolled. Hemoglobin level, lymphocyte (count per liter and percentage) were significantly lower in patients admitted in ICU as compared to patients admitted in the isolation ward and private ward (p<0.05). However, TLC, neutrophils, platelet count were higher in patients admitted to ICU (p<0.05). The Various ratios such as SII, NLR, and PLR showed significantly higher value in cases admitted in ICU (p<0.05). The TLC, neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, SII, NLR, and PLR were significant predictors of severe disease (admission in ICU) with high diagnostic accuracy. We show that complete blood count method is a simple, readily available, rapid, and inexpensive tool that can be utilized for diagnosis and can predicting the severity of COVID 19 where RTPCR or trained staff is not available. Thus, NLR (%), SII, PLR, and TLC can predict severe illness with high accuracy.
Effect of ß-Caryophyllene on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high fat diet and fructose-induced type-2 diabetic rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Arunai Medical College & Hospital, Tiruvanamallai-606603, Tamilnadu, India, Mani Vadivel
Published: February 2022

High fat diet feeding results in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which is a major pathological feature of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The use of oral hypoglycaemic drugs is limited due to its deleterious side effects and there is a need to find more efficacious agents for diabetes management. Hence, it is of interest to show the mechanism of action of ß-Caryophyllene on insulin signalling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle of high fat diet- induced type-2 diabetic rats. An oral effective dose of with ß-Caryophyllene (200 mg/kg b.wt) was given for 30 days to high fat diet (comprising 2% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 30% coconut oil, 67% conventional rat feed) and fructose fed type-2 diabetic rats to find out whether ß-Caryophyllene regulates IRS-1/Akt pathway of insulin signalling. The data shows that, ß-Caryophyllene treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of insulin receptor (IR) in diabetic rats whereas there is no significant difference in mRNA expression of insulin receptor-substrate-1 (IRS-1) was observed among groups. The Akt mRNAand GLUT-4mRNA and protein level were also improved in gastrocnemius muscle of type-2 diabetic rats. Thus, we concluded that ß–Caryophyllene could be used as potential phyto medicine for type-2 diabetes management.
Common miRNAs, candidate genes and their interaction network across four subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors:   Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj – 211002, India, Singh Rinki
Published: February 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is categorized into four major histological subtypes such as clear cell carcinoma (CCC), endometrioid carcinoma (EC), mucinous carcinoma (MC), and serous carcinoma (SC). Heterogeneity of the EOC leads to different clinical outcomes of the disease, although all the subtypes are originated from the same layer of tissue. Therefore, it is of interest to identify the common candidate genes, miRNA and their interaction network in four the subtypes of EOC. A comparative gene expression analysis identified 248 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the four subtypes of EOC. Identified common DEGs were found to be enriched in cancer specific pathways. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the common DEGs were constructed, and subsequent module and survival analyses identified seven key candidate genes (CCNB1, CENPM, CEP55, RACGAP1, TPX2, UBE2C, and ZWINT). We also documented 10 key candidate miRNAs (hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-23b-3p, hsa-mir-34a-5p, hsa-mir-103a-3p, hsa-mir-107, hsamir- 124-3p, hsa-mir-129-2-3p, hsa-mir-147a, hsa-mir-205-5p, and hsa-mir-195-5p) linked to the candidate genes. These derived data find application in the understanding of EOC.
Insulin resistance and decreased spexin in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education & Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, Tejasw G
Published: February 2022

Spexin is novel biomarker, which plays a potential role in glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, there was paucity of serum spexin levels in obesity and diabetes mellitus subjects. Hence the current study was aimed to find the relationship between the serum spexin levels in type 2 Diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) with extrapolation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A cross-sectional study included 330 participants, subdivided as control (n=110), type 2 DM (n=110) and type 2 DM with CVD groups (n=110). HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile, spexin & leptin including blood pressure and body mass index were analyzed from all the participants. The serum spexin levels (ng/ml) were significantly decreased in type 2 DM (mean ą sd: 0.65 ą 0.03) and type 2 DM with CVD (0.48 ą 0.02) groups compared to the control (0.79 ą 0.03) group (p<0.001). The decreased spexin levels were observed in type 2 DM, and further more decreased in type 2 DM with CVD patients compared to controls indicating that spexin levels could be served as an early prediction of obesity-induced T2DM with CVD risk.
Phylogenetic and sequence profile analysis of Non-Ribosomal Polyketide Synthase-Adenylation (NRPS) domain from Actinobacterium dagang 5
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620020, Tamilnadu, India, Thandayuthapani Deepika
Published: February 2022

This study aims to find out the mapping of bioactive compounds by combinational analysis of regulatory machinery pattern study and metabolomics approach. In which we isolated a highly potent Actinobacterium dagang 5 from Gulf of Manner, which shows broadspectrum activity against several pathogens. So the isolate was used for overall metabolic profiling studies on crude extract and phylogeny pattern analysis of NRPS A-domain, which is an important gene clusters and plays vital role in production of bioactive metabolites. The result suggests that Actinobacterium dagang 5 has the potential to produce a new type of antibacterial compounds.
Biochemical predictors for Sars-Cov-2 severity
Authors:   Institute of Biochemistry, Madras Medical College, RGGGH, Chennai, India, Gurusamy Ezhil
Published: February 2022

It is of interest to assess the inflammatory marker profile in SARS-CoV-2 patients and to correlate the levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-Reactive Protein CRP, Ferritin, Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and liver function analytes total serum proteins, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. A total of 1000 COVID-19 positive patient’s data were collected. Laboratory assessments consisted of NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) by cell counter, C Reactive Protein (CRP) by immunoturbidimetry, Ferritin by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) and Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Total Protein and Albumin by spectrophotometry. The mean plasma CRP levels, NLR, ferritin, CK and LDH levels were higher in severe cases than in non-severe cases, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). All liver function tests such as the total and direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, total protein and albumin were higher in severe patients than nonsevere patients and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Data indicate that NLR, CRP, Ferritin, CK, LDH and liver function analytes have a crucial role as prognostic markers for SARS-CoV-2 infections and hence should be routinely recommended for risk assessment and stratification of the patients to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Covaxin: An overview of its immunogenicity and safety trials in India
Authors:   School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi - 110067, India, Dixit Aparna
Published: February 2022

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several vaccine types, such as inactivated, viral vector-, or mRNA-based, have received approval against SARS-CoV-2. The ability to induceT-helper-1 cell (Th1) responses is desirable from an effective vaccine against this virus. Covaxin (BBV152) is a wholevirion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine adjuvanted with Algel-Imidazoquinoline (IMDG) molecule, a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist. The mRNA-based vaccine use is hindered because of cold storage requirement, whereas covaxin is stored between 2°C and 8°C, making it suitable for countries with limited resources. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the BBV152 vaccine. Therefore, it is of interest to document known data on BBV152 vaccine phase I, phase II and phase III human clinical trials to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, tolerance, and immunogenicity of the whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152).
Molecular docking analysis of glycogen phosphorylase with inhibitors from Cissampelos pareira Linn.
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Nagpur 441108, India, Chandrashekar Kirubhanand
Published: February 2022

Cissampelos pareira Linn. is a climbing herb known in Indian traditional medicine as laghupatha. It belongs to the Menispermaceae family. The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a promising target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). A variety of natural product inhibitors with both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential have been reported in the search for powerful, selective and drug-like GP inhibitors that could lead to hypoglycemic medicines. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of glycogen phosphorylase with compounds from Cissampelos pareira Linn. We report the optimal binding features of 4 compounds namely Trans-N-feruloyltyramine, Coclaurine, Magnoflorine, and Curine with the target protein for further consideration in the context of T2DM.
Food safety behaviour and handling practices among Saudi women during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Arfaoui Leila
Published: February 2022

Although it is commonly known that viruses cannot multiply in food as they need a living host for growth, adenoviruses and corona viruses can reportedly survive on surfaces and food packages for several days. Therefore, food item mishandling could increase the risk of infection. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the changes in the food purchasing habits, food safety behavior, and food handling practices among Saudi women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 1356 women who were randomly approached via convenience sampling using an anonymous questionnaire distributed through various social media platforms. The variables were described in terms of frequency and percentage, and the Chi-square test was applied to assess the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Approximately 62.5% of the participants were aware that SARS-CoV-2 is not transmitted via food. Most participants (90%) reported a shift from outdoor to indoor meal preparation, along with avoidance of visits to grocery stores for food purchase (55%) and increased usage of online grocery delivery services (27%). Most participants obtained good overall scores for food safety behavior during grocery shopping (mean score: 10.83±1.62/12 points, 90.25%), grocery unpacking at home (10.60±2.65/13 points, 81.55%), and personal hygiene (28.84±3.16/36 points, 80%). However, a moderate overall score was obtained for food preparation practices (7.77 ±1.91/12 points, 77.7%). Older and/or retired individuals, patients with chronic diseases, and/or individuals living with children showed better food safety behavior and handling practices compared to their counterparts. This study reported good overall food safety behavior and handling practice scores among participants under most categories studied. However, our results highlight the need for more customized public education programs for Saudi women, who are the primary food handlers in most households, particularly during food preparation, to further improve food safety practices and prevent potential food mishandling, which will eventually help preventing the spread of COVID-19.
Codon usage signatures in Sabia and Chapare for host adaptation
Authors:   School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, INDIA -144411, Kumar Arvind
Published: February 2022

Sabia and Chapare viruses in the Arenavirus family cause viral hemorrhagic fever among humans with a fatality rate of 30% with no treatment models. Therefore, it is of interest to document the codon usage, amino acid patterns and associated factors influencing the observed variations in Sabia and Chapare viruses for host adaptation. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed compositional constraint and host selection pressure influencing the viral codon usage patterns. These data suggests the codon usage signatures in Sabia and Chapare viruses for host adaptation in the human host implying its role in the rapid progression of the infection. Dinucleotides UpG and CpA were noted to be over-represented among the Sabia, Chapare viruses and human genomes. Strong restraint from the usage of CpG dinucleotides among viruses is linked with the molecular mimicry of the human immune system. Thus, the data reported from this study help in understanding the mechanism of viral adaptation inside the host genome for further consideration in drug discovery.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is linked with the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene variants rs17817449 and rs1421085 in western Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Bakhashab Sherin
Published: February 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by infertility, obesity, insulin resistance and clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism. Obesity is known to be correlated with PCOS causing ovulatory dysfunction and hormone imbalances. Moreover, fat mass and the obesity gene (FTO) were linked with obesity and PCOS. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the genotype and allele frequency for three FTO variants – rs17817449 (G/T), rs1421085 (C/T) and rs8050136 (A/C) –in western Saudi population. 95 PCOS patients and 94 controls were recruited for this study. The genetic variants were assayed using real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan genotyping assays. The chi-squared test was applied to investigate the difference between single nucleotide polymorphisms on PCOS and control subjects, and binary logistic regression was used to determine the association of FTO variants with PCOS symptoms. Variants rs17817449 and rs1421085 were significantly linked with PCOS susceptibility in the study population. Rs17817449 and rs8050136 were significantly associated with hair loss in the PCOS group. Furthermore, rs1421085 and rs8050136 were associated with a high body mass index (BMI>30 kg/m2). Risk alleles in our population associated with hair loss and elevated BMI in women with PCOS were homozygous C for rs8050136. This data will help in defining the genetic predisposition of PCOS among women in western Saudi Arabia.
Molecular docking analysis of beta-caryophyllene with IRS-1, cSrc and Akt
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Arunai Medical College & Hospital, Tiruvanamallai-606603, Tamilnadu, India, Mani Vadivel
Published: February 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic illness defined by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient production or absent of pancreatic insulin, with or without concomitant insulin action impairment. Hence, novel problem-solving approaches for assessing early metabolic diseases, notably insulin resistance, are urgently needed. Screening of natural compounds for drug discovery to combat diabetes is common in modern medical research and development. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of beta-Caryophyllene, a naturally occurring sequiterpene with the downstream insulin signaling molecules such as IRS-1, cSrc and Akt for the management of type-2 diabetes. The molecular docking analysis data of beta-caryophyllene with the insulin downstream signaling molecules such as IRS-1, cSrc and Akt reveals its ability and further studies are needed to elucidate its complete mechanism of action against type-2 diabetes.
A short note on predicted motifs in the Thaparocleidus wallagonius genome
Authors:   Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut - 250004 (U.P.), India, Singh Kalpana
Published: February 2022

Thaparocleidus wallagonius is a monogenean parasite and a fish-borne pathogen with a worldwide distribution. The genome for Thaparocleidus wallagonius is known. Therefore, it is of interest to report the DNA motif analysis data in the 18S rDNA of Thaparocleidus wallagonius collected from the fish Wallago attu in India. This data forms a framework for an in-depth analysis of the parasite biology and development, immune evasion strategies, virulence and long-term survival within the definitive host.
Evaluation of the botulinum toxin effects in the correction of gummy smile 32 weeks after application
Authors: Vieira Carlos Eduardo Alonso , Almeida Wilson Rodrigues de , Cotrin Paula , Oliveira Renata Cristina Gobbi de , Oliveira Ricardo Cesar Gobbi de , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Zamuner Julie Watanabe , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) to correct gummy smile has become popular in recent years. Objective: To evaluate the effects of BTX-A application in the correction of gummy smile 2 and 32 weeks after application. Methods: The sample comprised 35 patients (30 female, 5 male) at a mean age of 25.51 years (±5.59) with gummy smile due to muscular hyperfunction. In each patient, 2U of botulinum toxin was applied in the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, 2 mm from the nasolabial fold. Photographs of spontaneous smiles were taken at 3 stages: before, 2 and 32 weeks after BTX application. Measurements of the gingival display were performed with the Radioface Studio 2 Software, and the calibration used the actual size of the right maxillary central incisor. Comparison of the three stages evaluated was performed with repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Gingival display decreased significantly 2 weeks after BTX-A application and increased after 32 weeks but did not return to the initial value. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in gummy smile 2 weeks after botulinum toxin application, and a significant relapse in the gingival display after 32 weeks, however not returning to baseline values.
Uso da tigeciclina em hospital de ensino
Authors: Silva Gleycivane Nunes da , Elias Junior Erivaldo , Oliveira Vanessa Marcon de , Pereira Erica Freire de Vasconcelos , Ferreira Cristiane Munaretto , Acacio Bianca Rodrigues , Gubert Vanessa Terezinha , Monreal Maria Tereza Ferreira Duenhas
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A tigeciclina é agente antimicrobiano, aprovada para o tratamento de infecções complicadas na pele e tecidos moles, pneumonia hospitalar e adquirida na comunidade, infecções intra-abdominal e infecções anaeróbias ou atípicas. Objetivo: Descrever o uso da tigeciclina em hospital de ensino e comparar dados de pacientes que tiveram suas prescrições auditadas pela comissão de infecção hospitalar com os que não tiveram prescrições auditadas. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo observacional realizado em hospital de ensino de abril de 2012 a março de 2014 incluindo pacientes que receberam tigeciclina. Foram coletadas variáveis ​​demográficas, comorbidades, achados microbiológicos, antibióticos prescritos e pareceres técnicos emitidos pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar. Resultados: Foram incluídos 71 pacientes, com idade entre 13 e 92 anos, 63,4% eram do sexo masculino e 56,3% eram não brancos. A tigeciclina foi primeira escolha antimicrobiana em 19,7% (14/71) dos casos, enquanto o uso associado a outros antibióticos foi observado em 66,2% (45/71) das prescrições. principalmente com meropenem (28,9%). O uso empírico foi realizado em 69,0% dos casos, após cultura e o antibiograma em 31,0% e o uso off label em 81,7%. Os microrganismos frequentemente identificados pelos testes de cultura foram Enterococcus faecalis (17,6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14,7%) e Klebsiella penumoniae (11,8%). Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que o uso empírico e off label é comum na prática clínica e poucas prescrições foram orientadas pelos resultados da cultura e do antibiograma, demonstrando necessidade de prescritores avaliarem os benefícios/riscos do uso desse antibiótico, risco de resistência, efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas, além do custo.
Modelagem das covariáveis preditivas para falência do enxerto renal até seis meses do transplante
Authors: Elihimas Júnior Ubiracé Fernando , Guimarães Manoel Pereira , Gomes Orlando Vieira , Pereira Wallace , França Eduardo Eriko Tenório de , Montarroyos Ulisses Ramos , Alves Emilly Pereira , Cavalcanti Frederico Castelo Branco , Schwingel Paulo Adriano
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Transplante renal (TR) é a terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) de escolha para pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Entretanto, nem todo TR é bem-sucedido e alguns pacientes persistem em TRS. Objetivo: Modelar uma regressão logística com covariáveis de risco pré e pós-TR preditora da disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR. Métodos: Coorte com receptores transplantados realizado em hospital no Nordeste brasileiro. Analisou-se registros médicos dos TR realizados entre 2011-2018. Receptores com dados insuficientes ou que abandonaram seguimento foram excluídos. Foram analisadas covariáveis: demográficas; infecciosas; comorbidades pré e pós-TR; painel de reatividade; incompatibilidades de HLA; episódios de rejeições agudas mediadas por células-T ou por anticorpos; exames laboratoriais seis meses pós-TR. Resultados: Receptores idosos (OR:1,41; IC95%:1,01-1,99), tempo entre início da TRS e TR (∆T-TRS&TR)>10 anos (OR:3,54; IC95%:1,27-9,87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-TR (OR:3,35; IC95%:1,51-7,46), pielonefrite (OR:2,45; IC95%:1,24-4,84), nefropatia por poliomavírus (OR:4,99; IC95%:1,87-13,3), RAMA (OR:4,82; IC95%:1,35-17,2), proteinúria de 24h (Pt24h) ≥300mg/24h (OR:5,05; IC95%:2,00-12,7) e cálcio sérico (Ca)<8,5mg/dL (OR:4,72; IC95%:2,00-11,1) foram identificadas como covariáveis de maior risco para os desfechos analisados até seis meses pós-TR. O modelo multivariado apresentou acurácia de 88,1% e fator de inflação da variância médio de 1,81. Conclusão: Receptores idosos, ∆T-TRS&TR>10anos, DM pré-TR e agressões até seis meses pós-TR (pielonefrite, nefropatia por poliomavírus, RAMA, Pt24h≥300mg/24h e Ca<8,5mg/dL), apresentam alto poder preditivo para disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR.
Flat-field multiplexed multifocal structured illumination super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Ge Yang-Yang , He Zhuo-Fen , Huang Li-Lin , Lin Dan-Ying , Cao Hui-Qun , Qu Jun-Le , Yu Bin ,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China,   College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Published: February 2022

Multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) can achieve optically sectioned images with twice the diffraction limited resolution at an imaging speed of 1 Hz and an imaging depth of up to 50 μm. Compared with the traditional wide-field SIM, the MSIM has greater imaging depth and optical sectionning ability, and it is more suitable for long-term three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution imaging of living thick samples. However, the MSIM has some problems, such as slow imaging speed and complex image post-processing process. In this work, a fast super-resolution imaging method and system based on the flat-field multiplexed MSIM (FM-MSIM) is proposed. By inserting a beam shaping device into the illumination light path, the Gaussian beam is reshaped into a uniform flat-top profile, thereby improving the intensity uniformity of excitation multi-spot focal array and expanding the field of view. By elongating each diffraction limited excitation focal point four times along the Y direction to form a new multiplexed multifocal array pattern, the number of scanning steps is reduced, the energy utilization is improved, and then the imaging speed and signal-to-noise ratio are improved. Combined with the sparse Bayesian learning image reconstruction algorithm based on multiple measurement vector model, the image reconstruction steps are simplified, the imaging speed can be improved at least 4 times while ensuring the spatial resolution of MSIM. On this basis, the established FM-MSIM system is used to carry out the super-resolution imaging experiments on the BSC cell microtubule samples and mouse kidney slices. The experimental results prove the fast three-dimensional super-resolution imaging ability of the system, which is of great significance in developing the fast MSIM.
Influence of top mirror on performance of GaN-based resonant cavity light-emitting diode
Authors: Zhao Shu-Yu , Xu Bin-Bin , Zhao Zhen-Yu , Lü Xue-Qin ,   Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Published: February 2022

In this paper, two kinds of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with high-reflective-film structure and filter structure are designed and evaporated on the top of GaN-based resonant cavity light emitting diode (RCLED), respectively. Firstly, the reflectivity spectra of the two kinds of DBRs are simulated. Then, the differences in performance including optical longitudinal modes, spectral linewidth, and output light intensity between the two kinds of RCLED devices with different top mirrors, are compared and analyzed. Finally, the influence of the top mirror reflection characteristics on the output spectrum of the RCLED is studied in detail. The results show that the top mirror is an important part of RCLED, and its reflection characteristics determine the optical performance of the device. For the conventional DBR with high-reflective-film structure, its reflectivity spectrum has a wide high-reflection band. Accordingly, the spectral linewidth of the RCLED can be effectively narrowed by using the conventional DBR as the top mirror. However, the spectrum still consists of multi-longitudinal modes. For the DBR with filter structure, its reflectivity spectrum has a narrow high-transmittance band at the central wavelength. Depending on the modulation effect of the high-transmittance band to the output light, single longitudinal mode light emission is realized for the RCLED with the specially designed DBR as the top mirror, which shows a broad application prospect in optical communication and optical fiber sensing. Moreover, the spectral characteristics of the RCLED can be further optimized to meet its application requirements in much more fields, by designing the top mirror structure and changing its reflectivity spectrum characteristics.
Set partitions with isolated successions
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, Mansour Toufik , Munagi Augustine O. ,   School of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand
Published: February 2022

We enumerate partitions of the set $\{1,\dots,n\}$ according to occurrences of isolated successions, that is, integer strings $a,a+1,\dots,b$ in a block when neither $a-1$ nor $b+1$ lies in the same block. Our results include explicit formulas and generating functions for the number of partitions containing isolated successions of a given length. We also consider a corresponding analog of the associated Stirling numbers of the second kind.