bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employment law and its contribution to labour market segmentation in Latin America
Authors: BENSUSÁN AREOUS Graciela
Published: December 2022

This article examines legal segmentation in five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay) by drawing on the employment regulation typology developed by Dingeldey et al. (2022), based on three functions – standard‐setting, privileging and equalizing. The author distinguishes between three factors of inequality and precarity: lack of coverage (namely of self‐employed workers), discrimination and the circumvention of standards. Lack of enforcement, together with an unfavourable economic environment, results in informality. The analysis identifies different forms and levels of protection under standard and non‐standard employment, as well as compensatory rules and other regulations seeking to eliminate inequality.
Outcomes of transvenous lead extraction of very old leads using bidirectional rotational mechanical sheaths: Results of a multicentre study
Authors: Migliore Federico , Pittorru Raimondo , Dall'Aglio Pietro Bernardo , De Lazzari Manuel , Rovaris Giovanni , Piazzi Elena , Dentico Alessia , Ferrieri Alessandra , D'Angelo Giuseppe , Marzi Alessandra , Sawaf Basma El , Bertaglia Emanuele , Iliceto Sabino , Gerosa Gino , Tarzia Vincenzo , Carretta Domenico , Mazzone Patrizio
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Lead dwell time >10 years is a recognized predictor for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) failure and complications. Data on the efficacy and safety of TLE using the bidirectional rotational mechanical sheaths in patients with very old leads are lacking. In this multicenter study, we reported the outcomes of transvenous rotational mechanical lead extraction in patients with leads implanted for ≥10 years.

Methods

A total of 441 leads (median: 159 months [135–197]; range: 120–487) in 189 consecutive patients were removed with the Evolution RL sheaths (Cook Medical, Bloomingtom, IN, USA) and mechanical ancillary tools supporting the procedures.

Results

The main indication for TLE was infection in 74% of cases. Complete procedural success rate, clinical success rate, per lead were 94.8% and 98.2%, respectively. Failure of lead extraction was seen in 1.8% of leads. The additional use of a snare via the femoral approach was required in 9% of patients. Lead dwell time was the only predictor of incomplete led removal (odds ratio: 1.009; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–1.014; p = .002). Four major complication (2%) were encountered. During a mean time follow‐up of 31 ± 27 months, 21 patients (11%) died. No procedure‐related mortality occurred. Predictors of mortality included severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR]: 8.06; 95% CI: 2.99–21.73; p = .001), TLE for infection (HR: 8.0; 95% CI: 1.04–62.5; p = .045), diabetes (HR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.48–9.5; p = .005), and previous systemic infection (HR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.17–8.24; p = .022). Incomplete lead removal or failure lead extraction did not impact on survival during follow‐up.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that the use of bidirectional rotational TLE mechanical sheaths combined with different mechanical tools and femoral approach allows reasonable success and safety in patients with very old leads at experienced specialized centers.
Management and treatment outcome of DRESS patients in Europe: An international multicentre retrospective study of 141 cases
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Brüggen Marie‐Charlotte , Walsh Sarah , Bensaid Benoit , Ranki Annamari , Oppel Eva , Meyersburg Damian , Chua Ser‐Ling , Seeli Corsin , Sandberg Heidi , French Lars E. , Vorobyev Artem , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro Saskia
Published: December 2022

Background

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare but potentially fatal drug hypersensitivity reaction.

Objective

To explore treatment approaches across Europe and their impact on the disease course, as well as prognostic factors and culprit drugs.

Methods

In this retrospective European multicentric study, we included patients with probable or certain DRESS (RegiSCAR score ≥ 4) between January 2016 and December 2020. Independent associations between clinical parameters and the risk of intensive care unit admission and mortality at three months were assessed using a multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 141 patients from 8 tertiary centres were included. Morbilliform exanthem was the most frequent cutaneous manifestation (78.0%). The mean affected body surface area (BSA) was 67%, 42% of the patients presented with erythroderma, and 24.8% had mucosal involvement. Based on systemic involvement, 31.9% of the patients had a severe DRESS. Anticonvulsants (24.1%) and sulphonamides (22.0%) were the most frequent causative agents. In all, 73% of the patients were treated with systemic glucocorticoids, and 25.5% received topical corticosteroids as monotherapy. Few patients received antiviral drugs or anti‐IL5. No patients received intravenous immunoglobulins. The overall mortality was 7.1%. Independent predictors of mortality were older age (≥57.0 years; fully adjusted OR, 9.80; 95% CI, 1.20–79.93; p = 0.033), kidney involvement (fully adjusted OR, 4.70; 95% CI, 1.00–24.12; p = 0.049), and admission in intensive care unit (fully adjusted OR, 8.12; 95% CI, 1.90–34.67; p = 0.005). Relapse of DRESS and delayed autoimmune sequelae occurred in 8.5% and 12.1% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions

This study underlines the need for diagnostic and prognostic scores/markers as well as for prospective clinical trials of drugs with the potential to reduce mortality and complications of DRESS.
Systematic review of newer agents for the management of alopecia areata in adults: Janus kinase inhibitors, biologics and phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Polla Ravi Shruthi , Bamimore Mary A. , Piguet Vincent , Tosti Antonella
Published: December 2022

Management options for moderate‐to‐severe alopecia areata (AA) are limited owing to a lack of safe and effective treatments suitable for long‐term use. However, newer agents have the potential to induce and maintain hair regrowth in patients with a better side‐effects profile compared to systemic steroids or conventional systemic agents. In this article, we conducted a systematic review of newer agents, including Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, biologics and phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE‐4) inhibitors, for the treatment of AA in adult patients evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the Severity of Alopecia Tool score. A literature search was performed on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, which identified 106 items with 12 RCTs eligible for review. Information regarding the treatment regimen, duration, endpoints, efficacy and adverse events were extracted; product monograph information was also summarized for approved agents with or without indications for AA. Overall, current data suggest the oral JAK inhibitors (baricitinib, ritlecitinib, deuruxolitinib, brepocitinib) as a promising new class of agents that can induce significant hair regrowth, with mild to moderate adverse effects. Baricitinib recently received US FDA approval for the treatment of severe AA, while ritlecitinib and deuruxolitinib have received the breakthrough therapy designation for AA. In contrast, PDE‐4 inhibitors (apremilast) and the biologics (dupilumab, secukinumab and aldesleukin) appear to have limited efficacy thus far. Results from ongoing and future long‐term studies could shed light on the utility of the newer agents in altering the progression of AA.
Patient‐reported outcome measures focusing on the esthetics of implant‐compared to tooth‐supported single crowns—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Yilmaz Burak , Wismeijer Daniel , Shahdad Shakeel , Brägger Urs , Abou‐Ayash Samir
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To report a summary of published patient‐reported esthetic outcome measures (PROMs) of implant‐supported single crowns (SCs) compared with those of tooth‐supported SCs.

Materials and Methods

Cochrane, Medline (PubMed), and EMBASE database search was performed by three reviewers on reports with patient‐reported esthetic outcomes of tooth‐ and implant‐supported SCs. Clinical studies with at least 12 months of mean follow‐up period and a minimum of 10 patients, and English, French, or German reports were included. To compare the subgroups, for aggregate‐level data, random‐effects meta‐regression was used.

Results

Two thousand fifteen titles were identified (initial search) and screened independently concluding 53 full‐text articles to include in data extraction. Twenty‐two studies with 29 study cohorts were included. Patients were satisfied with the esthetics of implant‐ and tooth‐ supported crowns Mean visual analogue scale (VAS) value from the PROMs data of 1270 implant‐supported SCs evaluated by 1051 patients was 89.6% (80.0%–94.1%). The mean VAS value of patients (n = 201), who evaluated the esthetic outcome of 486 tooth‐supported SCs was 94.4% (92.3%–96.0%). VAS scores of patients regarding their perception of esthetics did not show any difference among different crown materials or type of implant used. The patients' perception of esthetics focusing on SC had a tendency to be higher when the crowns were supported by teeth, however, no statistical difference was found when compared with implant‐supported crowns (p = 0.067).

Conclusions

Patient perception of esthetics in SCs was not affected by the type of support, crown material, implant, and presence of provisional crown for both implant‐ and tooth‐supported SCs.

Clinical Significance

Despite that patient's expectations are increasing overall Patients are satisfied with with esthetic outcome of implant‐ and tooth‐supported crowns.
Efficient genotype‐independent cotton genetic transformation and genome editing
Authors: Ge Xiaoyang , Xu Jieting , Yang Zhaoen , Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Ye , Chen Yanli , Wang Peng , Li Fuguang
Published: December 2022

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important fiber crops worldwide. In the last two decades, transgenesis and genome editing have played important roles in cotton improvement. However, genotype dependence is one of the key bottlenecks in generating transgenic and gene‐edited cotton plants through either particle bombardment or Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Here, we developed a shoot apical meristem (SAM) cell‐mediated transformation system (SAMT) that allowed the transformation of recalcitrant cotton genotypes including widely grown upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Sea island cotton (Gossypium barbadense), and Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum). Through SAMT, we successfully introduced two foreign genes, GFP and RUBY, into SAM cells of some recalcitrant cotton genotypes. Within 2–3 months, transgenic adventitious shoots generated from the axillary meristem zone could be recovered and grown into whole cotton plants. The GFP fluorescent signal and betalain accumulation could be observed in various tissues in GFP‐ and RUBY‐positive plants, as well as in their progenies, indicating that the transgenes were stably integrated into the genome and transmitted to the next generation. Furthermore, using SAMT, we successfully generated edited cotton plants with inheritable targeted mutagenesis in the GhPGF and GhRCD1 genes through CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing. In summary, the established SAMT transformation system here in this study bypasses the embryogenesis process during tissue culture in a conventional transformation procedure and significantly accelerates the generation of transgenic and gene‐edited plants for genetic improvement of recalcitrant cotton varieties.
Factors related to indecisive attitudes toward non‐invasive prenatal testing among women of reproductive age in Japan
Authors: Katada Chihiro , Ohashi Kazutomo , Okada Kimie , Sawai Hideaki
Published: December 2022

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the factors related to indecisive attitudes toward noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) among nonpregnant women of reproductive age.

Methods

We conducted an online survey involving nonpregnant Japanese women aged 20–49 years. The questionnaires consisted of a hypothetical question about whether they would decide to undergo NIPT if they were to become pregnant, and responses with “unsure” were defined as indecisive attitudes.

Results

Of 1250 participants, 412 (33%) held indecisive attitudes on whether to undergo NIPT. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated indecisive attitudes were related to a low level of knowledge about prenatal testing (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.89) and preferences for family‐driven decisions (AOR 1.44) instead of provider‐driven.

Conclusion

Even though the NIPT is widespread, many nonpregnant women of reproductive age are unable to decide whether to undergo the NIPT or not. Hence, indecisive women toward NIPT require adequate information and communication about future NIPT among their families prior to conception. Therefore, preconception support of providing adequate information about testing and facilitating communication regarding future NIPT among women and their family members may help indecisive women make autonomous decisions on NIPT.
Association between masticatory dysfunction and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A population‐based study in the elderly
Authors: Kuze Luana Soares , Fornari Fernando , Collares Kauê , Della Bona Alvaro
Published: December 2022

Background

Caries and periodontal disease may cause tooth losses and chewing difficulty, especially in the elderly. Ingesting poorly chewed food may delay gastric emptying and favour the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Objective

This study investigated the association between masticatory dysfunction and GERD in the elderly from a rural area in southern Brazil.

Methods

This census invited all 489 elderly from a city to participate. The study used a GERD symptoms questionnaire, followed by an oral examination. Masticatory dysfunction was analysed based on the chewing difficulty for some food groups. Tooth loss and chewing self‐perception were also considered as exposure variables. Poisson regression determined the association among variables by calculating the prevalence ratio [PR (95% confidence interval)].

Results

The response rate was 93.1% (n = 455, average age of 70.9 years, 50.5% men). The prevalence of GERD in this population was 36.9%. GERD was associated with chewing difficulty for vegetables (PR = 1.54), meats (PR = 1.34) and cereals (PR = 1.43) but not with poor chewing self‐perception (PR = 0.80) and tooth loss (PR = 1.22). GERD was also associated with xerostomia (PR = 1.63) and the female gender (PR = 1.35).

Conclusion

Elderly people from a rural area with a reduced number of teeth present chewing difficulty and a high prevalence of GERD, indicating an association between GERD and masticatory dysfunction.
Leadership in the eye of the beholder: Follower self‐esteem is associated with divergent perceptions of leadership ability for dominant and prestigious leaders
Authors: Mercadante Eric J. , Heine Steven J. , Aquino Karl
Published: December 2022

Objective

Drawing from dual‐strategies theory, leader‐member exchange theory, and several theories of self‐esteem, we develop and test hypotheses about how followers' self‐esteem predicts their perceptions of dominant and prestigious leaders' leadership ability.

Method

Across four studies (N = 1568), we tested the association between self‐esteem and perceptions of leadership ability for dominant and prestigious leaders.

Results

Individuals with high self‐esteem perceived greater leadership ability in prestigious leaders than did those with low self‐esteem and individuals with low self‐esteem perceived greater leadership ability in dominant leaders than did those with high self‐esteem. These results emerged across ratings of leaders from hypothetical vignettes (Studies 1 and 4), abstract beliefs about what constitutes good leadership (Study 1), past personal experiences with leaders (Study 2) and clips of leaders from reality television (Study 3). In Study 4, we also tested potential mechanisms. Compared with followers with low self‐esteem, followers with high self‐esteem found prestigious leaders more trustworthy, and they anticipated feeling inauthentic around a dominant leader.

Conclusions

Self‐esteem is reliably and robustly related to perceived leadership ability of dominant and prestigious leaders, and these differences might stem from differences in trust in prestigious leaders and anticipated authenticity around dominant leaders.
A prototype regional stock‐flow consistent model
Authors: Zezza Francesco , Zezza Gennaro
Published: December 2022

When considering a regional context, most adjusting mechanisms at work in open economy Stock‐Flow Consistent models—such as exchange rate movements, or changes in interest on public debt—are not present, as they are in control of “external” authorities. So, how does a regional system with “current account” imbalances adjust? To answer this question, we adapt the framework suggested in Godley‐Lavoie (2007a) to consider two regions that share the same monetary, fiscal, and exchange rate policies. The model—loosely calibrated over Italian data, with the introduction of a fragmented labour market—replicates some key features of the Italian economy, and sheds light on the interactions between financial and real markets in regional economies.
Sanctions, Deterrence, Regime Change: A New Look at US‐Iran Relations
Authors: Monshipouri Mahmood , Boggio Giorgio Davide
Published: December 2022

Over the past four decades, the United States has managed its foreign policy toward Iran through a combination of sanctions, diplomatic incentives, and threats of military intervention. This approach has come down to two choices: war or sanctions. Clearly, sanctions have deprived Iran of access to foreign investment in its oil and energy sectors, caused many oil companies to withdraw from Iran, and dramatically reduced Iran's oil revenue. However, sanctions have had a more damaging effect on ordinary people than on the targeted leaders of the country. Sanctions have neither altered Iran's foreign‐policy conduct nor led to regime change. Before Iran is completely pushed into the arms of China and Russia, the third option—diplomacy with a potentially new regime—deserves attention. The next few years will likely answer the question of how these difficult and explosive US‐Iranian relations will be managed: through diplomacy, ongoing sanctions, or by escalatory deterrence.
Lp‐pPG‐611.1‐LPS as an immune enhancer provides effective protection against Aeromonas veronii infection in Carassius auratus
Authors: Zhao Tong , Yang Bintong , Li Hongjin , Hao Zhipeng , Cong Wei , Kang Yuanhuan
Published: December 2022

Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to develop a safe and effective immune enhancer to protect Carassius auratus (C. auratus) from A. veronii infections. With recognized safety, lactic acid bacteria are used as antigen delivery vehicles to present antigens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a protective antigen, induces immune responses in animals. Therefore, we created recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface‐displayed LPS of A. veronii TH0426 and tested its effects on immune responses in C. auratus. The results showed that recombinant L. plantarum Lp‐pPG‐611.1‐LPS, as an immune enhancer, could improve the innate and adaptive immune responses of C. auratus when it was added to the diet of C. auratus. The challenge test showed that the survival rate of C. auratus fed with L. plantarum Lp‐pPG‐611.1‐LPS was higher than that of the control groups, indicating that the recombinant L. plantarum Lp‐pPG‐611.1‐LPS increased the resistance of C. auratus to A. veronii infection. The present results provide a theoretical basis for the development of recombinant L. plantarum Lp‐pPG‐611.1‐LPS as an immune enhancer in aquaculture.
Patellar Resurfacing in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta‐analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of 50 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tang Xiumei , He Yue , Pu Shi , Lei Lei , Ning Ning , Shi Yu , Chen Jiali , Zhou Zongke
Published: December 2022

Objective

During total knee arthroplasty, femur and tibia parts are regularly replaced, while resurfacing the patellar or not is an ongoing discussion. To compare revision rate, anterior knee pain rate, patient‐reported outcome measures, complication, radiographic, and clinical outcomes after patellar resurfacing versus non‐resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched on 25 April 2021 to enroll randomized controlled trials that compared patellar resurfacing versus non‐resurfacing. We used the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) framework to assess the certainty of evidence. Our primary outcome was revision rate and secondary outcomes was anterior knee pain rate. Outcomes were pooled using the random‐effect model and presented as risk ratio (RR), or mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Fifty studies (5586 knees) were included. Significant reductions in patellar revision rate (RR 0.41, 95% CI [0.19, 0.88]; P = 0.02; I2 = 24.20%) and non‐patellar revision rate (RR 0.64, 95% CI [0.55, 0.75]; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) were seen after patellar resurfacing. Patellar resurfacing significantly reduced the anterior knee pain rate than nonresurfacing (RR 0.72, 95% CI [0.57, 0.91]; P = 0.006; I2 = 69.5%). Significant differences in patient‐reported outcome measures were found. However, these differences were inconsistent and lacked clinical importance. Patellar resurfacing resulted in a significant lower rate of patellar clunk (RR 0.58, 95% CI [0.38, 0.88]; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%), a higher patellar score (MD 1.24, 95% CI [0.67, 0.81]; P < 0.001; I2 = 73.8%), but prolonged surgical time (MD 8.59, 95% CI [5.27, 11.91]; P < 0.001; I2 = 88.8%).

Conclusions

The clear relationship is that patellar resurfacing reduces revisions, anterior knee pain, and patellar clunk. It will be interesting to compare the initial cost with the revision cost when required and cost‐utility analysis with long‐term results in future studies.
Lead related atrial perforation mimicking inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Yilancioglu Reşit Yiğit , Turan Oğuzhan Ekrem , Başkurt Ahmet Anıl , Özcan Emin Evren
Published: December 2022

ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life‐threatening clinical condition that requires immediate intervention, mostly caused by complete occlusion of epicardial vessels. Other diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, electrolyte disturbance, and early repolarization may mimic. We present a rare case of atrial lead‐related atrial perforation which mimics inferior STEMI.
Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming overcomes technical limitations for highly pigmented adult melanocyte amplification and integration in 3D skin model
Authors: Cohen Catherine , Flouret Virginie , Herlyn Meenhard , Fukunaga‐Kalabis Mizuho , Li Ling , Bernerd Françoise
Published: December 2022

Understanding pigmentation regulations taking into account the original skin color type is important to address pigmentary disorders. Biological models including adult melanocytes from different phenotypes allow to perform fine‐tuned explorative studies and support discovery of treatments adapted to populations' skin color. However, technical challenges arise when trying to not only isolate but also amplify melanocytes from highly pigmented adult skin. To bypass the initial isolation and growth of cutaneous melanocytes, we harvested and expanded fibroblasts from light and dark skin donors and reprogrammed them into iPSC, which were then differentiated into melanocytes. The resulting melanocyte populations displayed high purity, genomic stability, and strong proliferative capacity, the latter being a critical parameter for dark skin cells. The iPSC‐derived melanocyte strains expressed lineage‐specific markers and could be successfully integrated into reconstructed skin equivalent models, revealing pigmentation status according to the native phenotype. In both monolayer cultures and 3D skin models, the induced melanocytes demonstrated responsiveness to promelanogenic stimuli. The data demonstrate that the iPSC‐derived melanocytes with high proliferative capacity maintain their pigmentation genotype and phenotypic properties up to a proper integration into 3D skin equivalents, even for highly pigmented cells.
Diagnostic and therapeutic management of vesico‐ureteral reflux in pediatric kidney transplantation—Results of an online survey on behalf of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology
Authors: Zirngibl Matthias , Buder Kathrin , Luithle Tobias , Tönshoff Burkhard , Weitz Marcus ,   Members of the “Transplantation Working Group” of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN)
Published: December 2022

Background

Vesico‐ureteral reflux (VUR) is considered to be a risk factor for recurrent febrile urinary tract infections and impaired renal transplant survival.

Methods

An online survey supported by the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology was designed to evaluate current management strategies of VUR in native and transplanted kidneys of recipients aged <18 years.

Results

Seventy‐three pediatric transplant centers from 32 countries contributed to the survey. All centers performed urological evaluation prior to pediatric kidney transplantation (KTx) with subsequent interdisciplinary discussion. Screening for VUR in native kidneys (30% in all, 70% in selected patients) led to surgical intervention in 78% (11% in all, 89% in selected patients) with a decided preference of endoscopic intervention over ureterocystoneostomy. Following KTx, continuous antibiotic prophylaxis was applied in 65% of the patients and screening for allograft VUR performed in 93% of selected patients. The main management strategies of symptomatic allograft VUR were continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (83%) and surgical treatment (74%) (endoscopic intervention 55%, redo ureterocystoneostomy 26%).

Conclusions

This survey demonstrates the high variability in the management of VUR in pediatric KTx recipients, points to knowledge gaps, and might serve as a starting point for improving the care for patients with VUR in native and transplanted kidneys.
Building consensus in defining and conceptualizing acceptability of healthcare: A Delphi study
Authors: Bucyibaruta Joy Blaise , Doriccah Mmapheko , Bamford Lesley , Elizabeth van der Wath Annatjie , Dyer Thomas Anthony , Murphy Andrea , Gatabazi Paul , Ajoke Anokwuru Rafiat , Muhire Innocent , Anna Coetzee Clarissa , Coetzee Helene , Musekiwa Alfred
Published: December 2022

Background

The concept of healthcare acceptability is important for nursing staff spending most of their time with patients. Nevertheless, acceptability remains confusing without a collective definition in existing literature.

Objective

This study aimed to create a consensus among experts on definition and conceptual framework of healthcare acceptability.

Methods

We conducted two rounds of Delphi surveys to collect opinions from experts on definition and conceptual framework of healthcare acceptability proposed following thematic content analysis. We calculated the consensus among experts using the modified Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument and followed the guidance on conducting and reporting Delphi studies (CREDES) best practices.

Results

A total of 34 experts completed two rounds of Delphi survey. The definition was validated through consensus as: “a multi‐construct concept describing the nonlinear cumulative combination in parts or in whole of experienced or anticipated specific healthcare from the relevant patients/participants, communities, providers/researchers or healthcare systems' managers and policy makers' perspectives in a given context.” The overall quality rating was 92.6% and 95.1% for the proposed definition and conceptual framework respectively.

Conclusion

Opinions collected from experts provided significant insights to build a consensus on healthcare acceptability advancing public health nursing.
Dose–Response Relationship of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Matrix Metalloproteinase in Healing Dynamics of Diabetic Neuropathic Ulcers—An in vivo Study
Authors: Karkada Gagana , Maiya G Arun , Arany Praveen , Rao KG Mohandas , Adiga Shalini , Kamath Shobha U.
Published: December 2022

Individuals with diabetic foot ulcers have overlapped the inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phase, making the tissue vulnerable to delayed healing responses. We aimed to establish the dose–response relationship of photobiomodulation therapy of different doses and matrix metalloproteinases in the healing dynamics of diabetic neuropathic ulcers. Diabetes was induced in 126 Albino Wistar rats, and neuropathy was induced to the hind paw by a sciatic nerve injury method. An excisional wound was created on the neuropathy‐induced leg. Photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 J cm−2 and wavelength 655 nm and 808 nm was irradiated. Photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6 and 8 J cm−2 showed better wound healing properties with optimized levels of matrix metalloproteinases‐1 and 8. We observed a strong dose response in the experimental group treated with 6 and 8 J cm−2. The findings from the present study conclude that photobiomodulation therapy of dosages 4, 6 and 8 J cm−2 is suggestive of usefulness in diabetic neuropathic ulcer healing. Markers like matrix metalloproteinases may give a clear direction on response to the therapy. Based on the findings from the present study, we recommend to validate the findings for safety and efficacy in future through human prospective randomized controlled clinical trials.
The novel HLA‐A*02:1075 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: He Min , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Du Ke‐ming , An Lin , Lian Guo‐li
Published: December 2022

HLA‐A*02:1075 differs from HLA‐A*02:07:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 5.
The novel HLA‐B*35:568 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zheng Zhong‐Zheng , Du Ke‐Ming , An Lin , Huang Chong‐Mei
Published: December 2022

HLA‐B*35:568 differs from HLA‐B*35:03:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4.
The novel HLA‐DRB1*12:01:12 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Wang Ji‐gang , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Du Ke‐ming , An Lin , Wang Ning‐juan
Published: December 2022

HLA‐DRB1*12:01:12 differs from HLA‐DRB1*12:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2.
The novel HLA‐C*04:490 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Yang Zhou , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Du Ke‐ming , An Lin , Wang Yue
Published: December 2022

HLA‐C*04:490 differs from HLA‐C*04:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3.
The novel HLA‐B*48:01:11 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Xu Shan , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Du Ke‐ming , An Lin , Deng Ming‐yang
Published: December 2022

HLA‐B*48:01:11 differs from HLA‐B*48:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4.
Estimating Demographic Bias on Tests of Children's Early Vocabulary
Authors: Kachergis George , Francis Nathan , Frank Michael C.
Published: December 2022

Children's early language skill has been linked to later educational outcomes, making it important to measure early language accurately. Parent‐reported instruments, such as the Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs), have been shown to provide reliable and valid measures of children's aggregate early language skill. However, CDIs contain hundreds of vocabulary items, some of which may not be heard (and thus learned) equally often by children of varying backgrounds. This study used a database of American English CDIs to identify words demonstrating strong bias for particular demographic groups of children, on dimensions of sex (male vs. female), race (white vs. non‐white), and maternal education (high vs. low). For each dimension, many items showed bias; removing these items slightly reduced the magnitude of race‐ and education‐based group differences, but did not eliminate them. Additionally, we investigated how well the relative frequency of words spoken to young girls versus boys predicted sex‐based word learning bias, and discuss possible sources of demographic differences in early word learning.
The irrigation suitability potential of an effluent treated by a pseudo‐natural wetland
Authors: Mkilima Timoth
Published: December 2022

The performance of a pseudo‐natural wetland to purify wastewater for irrigation potential was explored in this study. To study the system's performance and the hazard level of the raw wastewater and treated effluent, several water quality parameters were chosen, including electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). Four different sampling points (inlet, two intermediate points, and the outlet) were investigated in the study. According to the electrical conductivity, wastewater flowing to the wetland was classified as category four (C4), ‘extremely high salinity’ and thus unfit for irrigation. Both intermediate sampling points were in C3, whereas the outlet sampling point was in C1. According to SAR, 20% of the samples collected at the inlet were classified as ‘very high sodium hazard’ (S4), 45% as ‘high sodium hazard’ (S3) and 35% as ‘medium sodium hazard’ (S2). The findings of this study also demonstrated that the pseudo‐natural wetland can be significantly effective in reducing pollution and providing suitable water for irrigation. Furthermore, the findings raise greater awareness of the importance of protecting and conserving these valuable resources, particularly in urban areas.
Analysis and Optimization of Crucial Factors Affecting Efficacy of Microwave Ablation
Authors: Avishek Shubhamshree , Samantaray Sikata
Published: December 2022

Microwave ablation (MA) has emerged as a better and more promising alternative to medicate the primitive stage of cancer. Significant advantages of MA include organ-specific treatment and the prospect of treating ≥3 cm diameter tumors with minimal pain and nominal cost. Past studies suggest that tissue properties and input parameters play a vital role during the MA process. Hence, an in-depth investigation has been made to inspect the influence of these crucial parameters: applied power, perfusion rate of blood, frequency, thermal conductivity (TC), electrical conductivity (EC), and relative permittivity (RP) on the dimension of ablation zone attained while treating with MA on Lungs. The finite element method (FEM)-based analysis with a numerical approach is considered to signify the parameters' sole effect on the ablation volume. Using the statistical tool, a regression equation was formulated, and the data derived from the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array helped to get the maximized ablation zone. The results infer that the applied power remarkably affects the response with a positive correlation. Additionally, frequency and blood perfusion rate were observed to significantly influence the treatment process. The following optimal settings, power3, frequency3, blood perfusion rate3, electrical conductivity3, thermal conductivity2, and relative permittivity2, were found along with the maximized ablation volume of 14.35 mm3. The results obtained from this work would be beneficial for the radiologist and the clinical practitioners to get pretreatment data during the initial phase.
Electro-Chemical Migration in Aerosol-Jet Printed Electronics Using Temperature-Humidity and Water Droplet Testing Methods
Authors: Zhao Beihan , Bharamgonda Aniket Ajitkumar , Jennings Eric , Utter Robert G. , Osterman Michael , Azarian Michael H. , Das Siddhartha , Dasgupta Abhijit , Fleischer Jason , Quinn Edwin , Hines Daniel
Published: December 2022

In this study, temperature-humidity-bias (THB) testing and water droplet (WD) testing have been conducted to study electro-chemical migration (ECM) and dendrite formation across features in aerosol jet printed (AJP) conductor patterns. Test specimen design and testing conditions were guided by industrial standards and related research studies. Time-to-failure (TTF) for AJP printed silver patterns is found to be much smaller than that for conventional copper patterns in THB testing, under identical testing conditions. Furthermore, TTF for dendrite growth between neighboring biased conductors at constant temperature and humidity conditions was found to have a non-monotonic dependence on the electric potential gradient. The dendrite density was found to vary significantly with different applied voltage gradients in both THB testing and WD testing. Those observations can help to guide future investigation and life-prediction modeling of AJP printed electronics subjected to combined temperature, humidity, and voltage stresses.
Power Envelope Analysis for the Thermal Optimization of a Chiplet Module
Authors: Ouyang Eric , Gu Xiao , Jeong Yonghyuk , Liu Michael
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the thermal performances of a Chiplet module with different numbers of dies were studied. The Chiplet module was assumed to be placed in the same server system, with the same ambient condition, and using the same heat sink. A thermal simulation was conducted to obtain the junction temperatures of dies using different power magnitudes. With the change of power magnitudes of the dies, a thermal resistor matrix was calculated. Finally, with the calculation of the thermal resistor matrix, a unique power envelope plot was developed to determine if the power magnitudes of the chips on the Chiplet module caused any reliability concern. A risk factor was calculated to determine if the power magnitude of the die is within the safe region. With risk factors, we will be able to quantify the differences of applied powers with respect to the maximum allowed limits. We have expanded the usage of the power envelope plots to the Chiplet modules having more than three dies. The power envelope plots are a good tool for designers to optimize the power magnitudes, especially at the early stage of the Chiplet module design.
Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation on Non-Contact Bernoulli Picker for 3D Device Stacking Process
Authors: Min Daeho , Han Minsoo , Kim Juno , Lee Kangsan , Lim Kyeongbin , Choi Euisun , Seok Seung Dae , Lee Byeongjun , Rhee Minwoo Daniel
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on numerical computation and experimental examination of Bernoulli picker, which is the essential module for the 3D stacking process for heterogeneous integration devices, to reveal the fundamental physics of non-contact die handling and to seek optimized design. We estimated the pick-up performance of the Bernoulli picker and the deformation of the die using pseudo-coupling of flow and structural analysis. We simulated the flow field around the target die and picker using the RANS equation with the k-w SST turbulence model to predict the levitation height between the picker surface and target die. Then we estimated the deformation of the die using the inertial relief approach of ABAQUS with computed pressure field information. Based on the numerical investigations, we made a prototype of a Bernoulli picker and conducted experimental measures to verify the feasibility of our design. The measured results indicate that the present numerical approach can be utilized for further optimization.
Evaluation of Electromigration Coupling Different Physics Fields in Numerical Simulation
Authors: Cai Chongyang , Xu Jiefeng , Lai Yangyang , Yang Junbo , Wang Huayan , Ramalingam Suresh , Refai-Ahmed Gamal , Park Seungbae
Published: December 2022

With the minimization trend of component size, electromigration is becoming an increasingly important concern. Current studies mainly focused on predicting the EM time to failure (TTF) based on Black’s equation. By simulating the current and temperature, TTF of test structures can be calculated. However, the current distribution is not considered in Black’s equation and this method may not be able to describe the current redistribution and current crowding effects. Some numerical models have been developed to simulate the current redistribution and joule heating influence. Still, electromigration is a Multiphysics phenomenon that couples not only electric and thermal fields but also includes atomic diffusion and stress migration. To simulate the actual migration behavior, the influence of different physic fields needs to be considered. In this paper, we employed different physics fields on test vehicle simulations: electrical-diffusion, electrical-thermal-diffusion and structural-thermal-electric-diffusion. The results of EM behavior as well as the computational time are compared.
Determination of the Thermal Performance Limits for Single Phase Liquid Cooling Using an Improved Effectiveness-NTU Cold Plate Model
Authors: Ortega Alfonso , Caceres Carol , Uras Umut , Kisitu Deogratius , Chowdhury Uschas , Radmard Vahideh , Heydari Ali
Published: December 2022

Cold plates are at the heart of pumped liquid cooling systems. In this paper, we report on combined experimental, analytical, and computational efforts to characterize and model the thermal performance of advanced cold plates in order to establish their performance limits. A novel effectiveness-NTU formulation is introduced that models the fin array as a secondary “pseudo-fluid” such that accurate crossflow effectiveness models can be utilized to model the cold plates using well-known formulations. Experimental measurements and conjugate CFD simulations were made on cold plates with fin and channel features of order 100 um with water-propylene glycol (PG) mixtures as coolants. We show that for a fixed fin geometry, the best thermal performance, regardless of the pressure drop, is achieved when the flow rate is high enough to approach the low NTU convective limit which occurs for NTU approaching zero. For the model cold plate evaluated in this study, the lowest thermal resistance achieved at a flow rate of 4 LPM was 0.01 C/W, and the convective limit was 0.005 C/W. However, for a fixed pressure drop, the optimal cold plate should be designed to meet its TDP at the highest possible effectiveness in which the lower limit of thermal resistance is the advective limit achieved for NTU > 7. For the tested cold plate the advective limit for the thermal resistance is 0.003 C/W, but this limit can only be achieved if it is practically feasible to increase the surface area and heat transfer coefficient to maximize NTU for a targeted TDP.
Predictive Methods for Electrical and Mechanical Process-Output for Inkjet Additive Printed Circuits
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Goyal Kartik , Miller Scott
Published: December 2022

In this paper, predictive models are developed for inkjet printed features regarding their electrical and mechanical performance and to help reduce the initial process time in selecting print parameters. Printed electronics are continuously getting immense interest with a steady increase in its areas of end applications. The process generally involves controlled deposition of material on a substrate to additively build the required structure. Due to the nature of additive printing, benefits such as reduced time to manufacturing and the possibility of flexible and conformable electronics can be easily achievable. Under the umbrella term of additive printing, Inkjet printing is one technique that is sometimes known as the workforce of mass manufacturing due to the number of nozzles ranging in hundreds or even thousands, with which it can print the structures. The process, also known as drop-on-demand, involves the deposition of liquid ink droplets as per the required structure. However, for deposition, inkjet requires control of certain process parameters that impact the print resolution and, thus, the printed material properties. Thus, it is important to have a predictive framework that helps select those significant parameters. Silver Nanoparticle-based ink is utilized that is compatible with the viscosity range allowed in the printer. For the predictive framework development, a statistical approach is implemented that consists of a design-of-experiments (DOE) matrix with significant parameters that have a major impact on the resolution and properties of the material. The study’s response variables consist of the printed feature’s electrical and mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to provide statistical models that can be used with Inkjet process parameters as an input to predict the properties of the final printed feature.
Characterization of Fatigue Crack Growth of Epoxy Molding Compounds Under High-Temperature Long-Term Aging
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Zhang Yunli , Suhling Jeff , Williamson Jaimal , Thompson Pat
Published: December 2022

Dynamic mechanical analysis such as tension test allows for studying the fatigue failure of polymer materials. By increasing the dynamic strain or stress amplitude, the fatigue and failure of material could be characterized. Silica-filled epoxy molding compounds are widely used in modern electronic industry, to protect the silicon chip from mechanical, chemical and thermal effects. There is insufficient information on fatigure reliability of plastic encapsulated electronic components capable of surviving high temperatures for long periods (>100,000 hours). In this paper, the details of the procedure for fatigue effect measurement are described. Feddersen’s approach for fracture toughness test method is applied. Low cycle fatigue is investigated for pristine samples. The aging effects of a number of epoxy molding compounds subjected to sustained high-temperature long-term aging have been studied. Two popular molding compounds, EMC-1 and EMC-2, are studied under three aging temperatures: 100C, below the glass transition temperature, and 150 °C, above the glass transition temperature, from pristine to 120 days aging. The crack propagation under constant or increasing stress or strain has been recorded and discussed.
Additively Manufactured Liquid-Cooled Heat Sink: Gyroid-Based Design, Fabrication, and Testing
Authors: Jourdan Adrian , Sarvadi Alexander , Siller Hector R. , Bostanci Huseyin
Published: December 2022

This study focuses on a topology-based design approach that can be applied to liquid-cooled heat sinks for high-heat-flux devices with the goal of improving heat dissipation and manufacturability. Specifically, the study investigates the use of additively manufactured topology-based lattice structures for the practicality and flexibility (of varying topology parameters) of complicated structures to achieve high heat transfer performance. The design restrictions were set such that the heat sink would occupy a 25 mm × 25 mm × 8 mm space and attach on a matching size heater. A gyroid lattice structure with high cell volume allowing high fluid flow rate was chosen to test its printability and its effects on heat transfer. Using computational iterative routines to modify lattice structures allowed changing parameters including gyroid cell size, y-mapping, thickness of fins, overall dimensions, and other parameters. Prototype of the heat sink design was made of aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) by additive manufacturing process (laser powder bed fusion). Experimental investigation involved testing additively manufactured heat sink on a ceramic (AlN) heater at varying heat loads and flow rates, and measuring corresponding heater temperature to calculate thermal resistance. Results suggest that although further design and validation efforts are needed to fully assess the capabilities, the topology-based, additively manufactured liquid-cooled heat sinks would potentially offer a promising alternative in terms of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics, as well as manufacturability, and reduced weight, material usage, and production cost.