bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic Interventions for Infantile Hemangioma: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Fonnesbeck Christopher , Snyder Kristen M. , Sathe Nila A. , Morad Anna , Likis Frances E. , McPheeters Melissa L.
Published: January 2016

CONTEXT:

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) may be associated with significant functional impact.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to meta-analyze studies of pharmacologic interventions for children with IH.

DATA SOURCES:

Data sources were Medline and other databases from 1982 to June 2015.

STUDY SELECTION:

Two reviewers assessed studies using predetermined inclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION:

One reviewer extracted data with review by a second.

RESULTS:

We included 18 studies in a network meta-analysis assessing relative expected rates of IH clearance associated with β-blockers and steroids. Oral propranolol had the largest mean estimate of expected clearance (95%; 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 88%–99%) relative to oral corticosteroids (43%, 95% BCI: 21%–66%) and control (6%, 95% BCI: 1%–11%). Strength of evidence (SOE) was high for propranolol’s effects on reducing lesion size compared with observation/placebo. Corticosteroids demonstrated moderate effectiveness at reducing size/volume (moderate SOE for improvement in IH). SOE was low for effects of topical timolol versus placebo.

LIMITATIONS:

Methodologic limitations of available evidence may compromise SOE. Validity of meta-analytic estimates relies on the assumption of exchangeability among studies, conditional on effects of the intervention. Results rely on assumed lack of reporting bias.

CONCLUSIONS:

Propranolol is effective at reducing IH size compared with placebo, observation, and other treatments including steroids in most studies. Corticosteroids demonstrate moderate effectiveness at reducing IH size/volume. The meta-analysis estimates provide a relative ranking of anticipated rates of lesion clearance among treatments. Families and clinicians making treatment decisions should also factor in elements such as lesion size, location, number, and type, and patient and family preferences.
Ubiquitous Laptop Use Patterns Exhibited by Higher Education Students / Uzorci u sveprisutnoj uporabi laptopa kod studenata u visokom obrazovanju /
Authors: Ricoy María-Carmen , Feliz Tiberio
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify laptop use patterns among Spanish university students. The present work, resulting from the qualitative component, focuses on a study conducted among students using a questionnaire with semi-structured questions. A total of 433 students from two universities took part in the study. Their ages ranged between 18 and 48 (mean 22.2). The information thus obtained was subjected to content analysis, from which it can be inferred that mobility confers laptops a number of possibilities giving rise to the participants’ use patterns. These are derived from the benefits of laptop use, which is not, however, devoid of problems. The results and conclusions show that the participants regularly make ubiquitous use of laptops. Their practices may be classified into a number of categories according to the academic, personal or social context involved and are associated with the numerous stated benefits, together with certain obstacles.Key words: competences; information and communication technologies; portable computer; ubiquitous learning; university students.---SažetakCilj ovoga istraživanja bio je prepoznati uzorke u korištenju laptopa među studentima na fakultetima u Španjolskoj. Ovaj rad, koji je rezultat kvalitativne komponente, usmjeren je na istraživanje među studentima putem upitnika s polistrukturiranim pitanjima. U istraživanju su sudjelovala ukupno 433 studenta s dva sveučilišta. Njihova dob bila je između 18 i 48 godina (srednja vrijednost 22,2). Dobiveni podatci podvrgnuti su analizi sadržaja iz koje možemo zaključiti da mobilnost daje prijenosnim računalima niz mogućnosti koje utječu na uzorak njihova korištenja kod ispitanika. Uzorci su dobiveni iz tvrdnji o dobrobiti korištenja prijenosnog računala, ali isto tako i ograničenja. Rezultati i zaključci pokazuju da je korištenje prijenosnih računala kod ispitanika sveprisutno. Njihove navike mogu biti klasificirane u nekoliko kategorija s obzirom na akademski, osobni ili društveni kontekst, te su povezani s mnogim navedenim dobrobitima, kao i određenim ograničenjima. Ključne riječi: kompetencije; informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije; prijenosno računalo; sveprisutno učenje; studenti na sveučilištu.
Nuevos registros fósiles de Otodus (Megaselachus) chubutensis [Ameghino, 1901 a 1902] para el Mioceno Inferior de Costa Rica, América Central
Authors: Laurito César A.
Published: January 2016

En el presente estudio se describen e identifican dos dientes fósiles de tiburón provenientes de las Formaciones Santa Teresa al sur de la Península de Nicoya y San Miguel al sureste del Valle Central, en la parte central del país. Ambas formaciones geológicas corresponden a secuencias marino someras de edad Mioceno Inferior; estos hallazgos fósiles permiten correlacionar dichas secuencias con la Formación Río Banano, aflorante en la región Caribe, donde también se registra la especie Otodus (Megaselachus) chubutensis [Ameghino, 1901 a 1902].
Akkreditáció az egészségügyben
Authors: Fügedi Gergely , Lám Judit , Belicza Éva
Published: January 2016

Besides the rapid development of healing procedures and healthcare, efficiency of care, institutional performance and safe treatment are receiving more and more attention in the 21st century. Accreditation, a scientifically proven tool for improving patient safety, has been used effectively in healthcare for nearly a hundred years, but only started to spread worldwide since the 1990s. The support and active participation of medical staff are determining factors in operating and getting accross the nationally developed, upcoming Hungarian accreditation system. However, this active assistance cannot be expected without the participants’ understanding of the basic goals and features of the system. The presence of the ISO certification in Hungary, well-known by healthcare professionals, further complicates the understanding and orientation among quality management and improvement systems. This paper aims to provide an overview of the history, goals, function and importance of healthcare accreditation, and its similarities and differences regarding ISO certification. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(4), 138–145.
Search for the "Really" Real
Authors: Simmons J. Aaron
Published: January 2016

In this article, I offer a decidedly philosophical response to Schaffalitzky de Muckadell's essay "On Essentialism and Real Definitions of Religion." I contend that her account is not appropriately motivated by the evidence supplied. Focusing nearly entirely on the first half of her essay, in which she sets up an exclusive disjunction regarding three forms of definition, I argue that this disjunction should not be understood as exclusive and, hence, her account of the necessity of “real definitions” is less compelling than it might otherwise be. Even though I am sympathetic to the importance of striving toward real definitions, in response to Schaffalitzky de Muchadell, I resituate how such striving might look when the exclusive disjunction is abandoned.
Who Believed There Was A Bomb and When Did They Believe It?
Authors: Laycock Joseph
Published: January 2016

Thousands have expressed outrage over the treatment of Ahmed Mohamed, a 14-year-old Muslim student at MacArthur High School in Irving, Texas, who was arrested after trying to show his English teacher an electronic clock he had constructed. The principal as well as mayor Beth Van Duyne (who has previously appeared on Glenn Beck to discuss her fears over sharia law) have defended the actions of the school and police. But critics have speculated that neither the school nor police ever actually believed Mohamed had a bomb and that this was really a case of bigots humiliating a Muslim student under the pretense of public safety. This critique raises important questions about the mechanisms of moral panic. Is it necessary to believe in a threat to take action against it?
Engaging with the Muslim Community in Cardiff
Authors: Awan Imran , Correia Sara
Published: January 2016

Since the 9/11 attacks in 2001, there have been a number of terrorist suspects arrested in the UK, but ¾ of those people are released without charge (Choudhury & Fenwick 2011). This has led to claims from within these communities that counter-terrorism legislation is both heavy handed and counter-productive. This article presents findings from a pilot research project that examined how best to engage with Muslim communities and to examine perceptions from these communities with regards to counter-terrorism legislation. There were two aims for the pilot study. The first was to provide members of the Muslim community in Cardiff with information about the nature of the study, its objectives and the individuals who would be undertaking the research. The second, following from the first, was to assess the feasibility of different methods of undertaking the research with representatives of Cardiff’s Muslim communities. This in turn would help address issues such as how to gain access to participants; how to obtain informed consent for participation in the research; identifying appropriate methods of data collection; appropriate venues for the fieldwork; identifying ethical concerns arising from the research; and identifying any risks to participants and researchers arising from the research, as well as the strategies needed to overcome these risks. This was a qualitative case study which utilized grounded theory principles to generate a theoretical model and involved interviews with 6 people and a focus group consisting of 3 people. In short, this study offers a blue print for further research into the impact of counter terrorism legislation on Muslim communities in Cardiff and makes a unique contribution to the literature on Muslims in Britain as well as counter terrorism studies as Cardiff’s Muslim communities remain under-researched.
Review of the Contemporary Literature on Islam and Muslims in the UK through the Lens of Immigration Issues, Civic Participation and International Constraints
Authors: Geaves Ron
Published: January 2016

The following article explores the development of academic scholarship on the presence of Muslims in Britain through the lens of immigration issues, civic participation and international constraints. It intends to identify the key players in the field over the last forty years. In doing so, it will inevitably overlook the historians now working on the earlier presence of Muslims in Britain. However, the article hopes to demonstrate the increasing academic interest in the study of Muslims in Britain and some of the trends and transformations in academic interest. The article does not detail the networking activities of the important Muslims in Britain Research Network established by Jorgen Nielsen when he worked at Selly Oak College in Birmingham in the 1980s or the Centre for the Study of Islam in Britain based at Cardiff University. However, many of the contributors to the study of Muslims in Britain will have benefitted from the work of the Network and the Centre. In some ways the existence of both is an indicator of the growth of the subject area and the role of the study of religion.
From Imam to Researcher
Authors: Omar Ali
Published: January 2016

This article has been prompted by fieldwork undertaken on the ‘Muslim Chaplaincy in Britain’ project between September 2008 and August 2009. The article evaluates key challenges and sensitivities encountered during the fieldwork. The points for discussion include issues of positionality, insider /outsider, access and interviewing ‘the other’. In particular the article discusses the significance of the researcher’s biography - himself a Muslim Chaplain and Imam- and how these have impacted on the collection and production of data. In this article I will use the argument that ‘shared religious identity’ can and does affect the research process. The intention of the article is to communicate to other Muslim social researchers engaged in research on Islam and Muslims on what to expect in the field.
From Sacred Grove to Dark Wood to Re-enchanted Forest (Part II)
Authors: Greenberg Joy H
Published: January 2016

Many human cultures have venerated forests and trees. I argue that the ubiquity of arborphilia across hemispheres, wherever forests have existed, suggests an evolutionary process that allowed adaptation to such arboreal realms throughout the world. Because trees in their constant recycling through the seasons evoke the ambivalence associated with death and renewal, paradoxical perceptions of forests and trees have coexisted throughout history. Depending on the era and culture, such attitudes about forests and groves have ranged from viewing them as hallowed sanctuaries deserving of protection from desecration, to fearing them as places inhabited by Satan or demonic spirits (explored in Part I), to appreciating them as not only aesthetically worthy but crucial for human survival (explored in Part II). An ecocritical examination of some of the many ways that tree veneration has been expressed culturally—through music, poetry, folktales, literature, film, and even jokes and advertising—reveals that loving trees provides a fundamental root for neo-romantic environmental ethics.
American, United Statian, USAmerican, or Gringos?
Authors: Santos Luis Claudio Villafane
Published: January 2016

The text discusses the use of the word "American" when referring to people from, or citizens of, the United States of America. The fact that the citizens of the United States call themselves "Americans" causes disconfort for many Latin Americans, who see the appropriation of the collective identity of all peoples and countries of the Western Hemisphere as a clear act of cultural imperialism. The article discusses the historic origins and the consolidation of the use of "American" in this restrict sense.
Antropologia de las fronteras en America Latina
Authors: Bartolome Miguel A
Published: January 2016

La noción de frontera es un concepto polisémico al que se recurre con distintas acepciones dentro de las ciencias sociales en general y de la antropología en particular. Con frecuencia se lo utiliza para designar tanto a los límites políticos entre estados, como a las discontinuidades existentes entre grupos humanos diferenciados en razón del género, la posición generacional, la cultura u otros aspectos considerados relevantes para distinguirlos entre sí. También se suele recurrir a la noción de frontera para denotar los límites posibles entre distintas propuestas disciplinarias, así, por ejemplo se suele hablar de las “fronteras de la antropología”. Es decir que el concepto se utiliza tanto para designar a realidades fácticas como a metáforas que aluden a construcciones intelectuales. Sin embargo, algunas realidades, tales como las fronteras estatales y las culturales, son fácticas y metafóricas a la vez, ya que están pobladas por las representaciones y simbolizaciones que ayudan a construirlas. Lo real se comporta así como la conjunción de la realidad y de su representación, de lo fáctico y de lo imaginario que contribuye a definirlo al otorgarle un sentido posible. Y esto es precisamente lo que nos permite intentar una reflexión conjunta referida a contextos aparentemente tan diferenciados como son las fronteras étnicas y las fronteras estatales, las que por lo general no coinciden entre sí y que responden a distintas lógicas políticas, jurídicas y sociales. A pesar de que alguna literatura antropológica tiende a tratarlas de manera conjunta (v.g. H. Donan y T. Wilson, 1999), no creo demasiado factible un análisis comparativo que conjugue realidades tan disímiles, sin recurrir a la identificación de los factores comunes de ambas . Es entonces necesario señalar que tanto en el caso de las fronteras étnicas como en el de las estatales, la noción de discontinuidad, de un “adentro” y un “afuera”, y la consiguiente dinámica de inclusión y exclusión que generan, es el factor que guía la reflexión que me propongo en estas páginas. Así me referiré tanto a la noción de frontera como al discurso sobre la misma, a la vez que expondré algunos contextos tales como las fronteras estatales, las fronteras interiores, la temporalidad adjudicada a las fronteras culturales y las fronteras étnicas
A Proposed Genetic Algorithm Coding for Flow-Shop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Boukef Hela , Benrejeb Mohamed , Borne Pierre
Published: January 2016

A new genetic algorithm coding is proposed in this paper to solve flowshop scheduling problems. To show the efficiency of the considered approach, two examples, in pharmaceutical and agro-food industries are considered with minimization of different costs related to each problem as a scope. Multi-objective optimization is thus, used and its performances proved.
DOMINO: Trivalent Logic Semantics in Bivalent Syntax Clothes
Authors: Bărbat Boldur E.
Published: January 2016

The paper describes a rather general software mechanism developed primarily for decision making in dynamic and uncertain environments (typical application: managing overbooking). DOMINO (Decision-Oriented Mechanism for "IF" as Non-deterministic Operator) is meant to deal with undecidability due to any kind of future contingents. Its description here is self-contained but, since a validation is underway within a much broader undertaking involving agent-oriented software, to impair redundancy, several aspects explained in very recent papers are here abridged. In essence, DOMINO acts as an "IF" with enhanced semantics: it can answer "YES", "NO" or "UNDECIDABLE in the time span given" (it renders control to an exception handler). Despite its trivalent logic semantics, it respects the rigours of structural programming and the syntax of bivalent logic (it is programmed in plain C++ to be applicable to legacy systems too). As for most novel approaches, expectations are high, involving a less algorithmic, less probabilistic, less difficult to understand method to treat undecidability in dynamic and uncertain environments, where postponing decisions means keeping open alternatives (to react better to rapid environment changes).
Robust Predictive Control using a GOBF Model for MISO Systems
Authors: Douik Ali , Ghabi Jalel , Messaoud Hassani
Published: January 2016

In this paper we develop a new method for robust predictive control for MISO systems represented on the Generalized Orthonormal Basis Functions. Unknown But Bounded Error approaches are used to update the uncertainty domain of the resultant model coefficients. This method uses a worst case strategy solved by a min-max optimization problem taking into account the constraints relative to parameter uncertainties and to measurement signals.
Robust Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for Discrete Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Abid Hafedh , Chtourou Mohamed , Toumi Ahmed
Published: January 2016

In this work we are interested to discrete robust fuzzy sliding mode control. The discrete SISO nonlinear uncertain system is presented by the Takgi- Sugeno type fuzzy model state. We recall the principle of the sliding mode control theory then we combine the fuzzy systems with the sliding mode control technique to compute at each sampling time the control law. The control law comports two terms: equivalent control law and switching control law which has a high frequency. The uncertainty is replaced by its upper bound. Inverted pendulum and mass spring dumper are used to check performance of the proposed fuzzy robust sliding mode control scheme.
Composite Predictive Functional Control Strategies, Application to Positioning Axes
Authors: Dieulot Jean-Yves , Benhammi Tarik , Colas Frédéric , Barre Pierre-Jean
Published: January 2016

Different predictive control strategies have been validated on a DC motor. ICascaded predictive control, which consists of a cascaded loop where the traditional servo algorithms are replaced by PFCs, could enhance the cycle time. Predictive Functional Control alone is simpler to tune and can exhibit comparable performances, except that the controller is more sensitive to nonlinear phenomena such as dry friction, which were not taken into account into the model and generate a static error.
Evaluation of the Recorded State Mechanism for Protecting Agent Integrity Against Malicious Hosts
Authors: Abu Bakar Kamalrulnizam , Doherty B. S.
Published: January 2016

As agent technology is expected to become a possible base platform for an electronic services framework, especially in the area of Electronic Commerce, reliable security protection is a crucial aspect, since some transactions in this area might involve confidential information, such as credit card number, bank account information or some form of digital cash, that has value and might therefore be attacked. In addition, without proper and reliable security protection, the wide spread use of agent technology in real world applications could be impeded. In this paper, evaluation of the Recorded State Mechanism (RSM) previously proposed by the authors is presented. The evaluation examines the RSM security protection and implementation overhead, in order to analyse the RSM security strength and implementation feasibility in real world application.
State Analysis of Time-Varying Singular Bilinear Systems by RK-Butcher Algorithms
Authors: Murugesh V. , Batri K.
Published: January 2016

The Runge-Kutta (RK)-Butcher algorithm is used to study the timevarying singular bilinear systems with the exact solutions. The results (discrete solutions) obtained using the Haar wavelets, Single-Term Walsh series (STWS) and RK-Butcher algorithms are compared with the exact solutions of the time-varying singular bilinear systems. It is found that the solution obtained using the RK-Butcher algorithm is closer to the exact solutions of the time-varying singular bilinear systems. The RK-Butcher algorithm can easily be implemented using a digital computer and the solution can be obtained for any length of time, which is an added advantage of this algorithm.
Desenvolvimento de filmes poliméricos ultrafinos e reticulados para aplicações em sensores
Authors: Medeiros Eliton Souto de , Martinez Rodrigo Andrade , Bernardes Filho Rubens , Gregório Filho Rinaldo , Mattoso Luiz Henrique Capparelli
Published: January 2016

Resumo Este trabalho propõe um novo método de produção de filmes estáveis para aplicações em sensores baseado na deposição pela técnica de automontagem de poli(o-etoxianilina) alternada com fenol-formaldeído (POEA/PF) seguida por cura térmica. O processo de reticulação foi caracterizado por espectroscopias no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier e no ultravioleta-visível, microscopia de força atômica e estudos de dessorção; a capacidade sensorial destes filmes foi avaliada através de medidas em sensores. Os resultados mostram que a resina PF serviu como agente de cura e alternante formando uma rede semi-interpenetrante, por conseguinte, filmes mais estáveis foram produzidos. Embora tenha ocorrido uma diminuição da sensibilidade dos sensores com o reticulação, tais filmes são bastante estáveis e podem ser potencialmente usados em sensores, especialmente onde uma maior estabilidade se faz necessária.
Script concordance test in medical schools in Brazil: possibilities and limitations
Authors: Roberti Alexandre , Roberti Maria do Rosário Ferraz , Pereira Edna Regina Silva , Costa Nilce Maria da Silva Campos
Published: January 2016

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Routine use of the script concordance test (SCT) is not common in Brazilian universities. This study aimed to analyze application of the SCT in the medical school of a Brazilian university. DESIGN AND SETTING: Quantitative, analytical and descriptive study in the medical school of a Brazilian university. METHODS: A total of 159/550 students participated. The test comprised ten clinical cases within internal medicine, with five items per case, rated on a five-point Likert scale. The test was scored in accordance with a marking key that had been validated by a reference panel. RESULTS: In the pre-clinical and clinical phases, the mean scores were 51.6% and 63.4% of the maximum possible scores, respectively. Comparison of the means of the responses among all the years showed that there were significant differences in 40% of the items. The panel marked all the possible answers in five items, while in one item, all the panelists marked a single answer. Cronbach's alpha was 0.64. The results indicated that the more senior students performed better. Construction of an SCT with discriminative questions was not easy. The low reliability index may have occurred due to: a) problems with the construction of the questions; b) limitations of the reference panel; and/or c) the scoring key. CONCLUSION: This instrument is very difficult to construct, apply and correct. These difficulties may make application of an SCT as an assessment method unfeasible in units with limited resources.
O DIÁLOGO: ARGUMENTAÇÃO PRÁTICA E CONDIÇÕES DE AFETIVIDADE
Authors: Costa Jorge Campos da , Saraiva Jonas Rodrigues
Published: January 2016

Resumo O presente ensaio é uma tentativa de abordagem interdisciplinar sobre o diálogo argumentativo prático em sua dimensão lógica e afetiva, na perspectiva de um desenho teórico em que razão e emoção coexistem numa relação entre racionalidade natural e racionalidade formal. As hipóteses assumidas são as de que o diálogo representa o locus classicus da argumentação prática em sua estrutura linguístico-cognitivo-comunicativa; que a racionalidade stricto sensu, representada pela dedutibilidade, é objeto de uma disciplina a saber a Lógica Clássica; e que tal disciplina pode ser incluída numa perspectiva de racionalidade lato sensu, objeto de uma visão interdisciplinar em que coexistem Lógica, Linguística, Psicologia Cognitiva, Teoria da Comunicação entre outras. Central para a investigação é a identificação de inferência em suas variadas dimensões dentro das mencionadas áreas, o jogo da linguagem das emoções e suas conexões com as condições de verdade, na perspectiva da validade e aceitabilidade de argumentos.
Heterosis and combining ability in crosses between two groups of open-pollinated maize populations
Authors: Mendes Udenys Cabral , Filho José Branco de Miranda , Oliveira Aurilene Santos , Reis Edésio Fialho dos
Published: January 2016

Abstract The rapid expansion of corn in Brazil indicates the need to explore new sources of germplasm. Thus, the wider use of local germplasm, and the introduction of exotic ones seem to be an advisable strategy to achieve higher levels of yield and adaptability. The objective of this work was to generate information about the potential of two groups of populations (NAP - exotic; HG - local) and their heterotic pattern in hybrid combinations for the synthesis of new populations. Populations and hybrids were evaluated in complete randomized block designs with four replications, in two locations, and three yield traits were studied (GY - grain yield, EY - ear yield, SW - specific weight). The basic strategy was the selection of one HG population as base for the incorporation of each exotic population. The expected yield gain of the best combinations varied from 1 to 22%. Average heterosis for grain yield was 34.5%.
Genotype-environment interaction in common bean cultivars with carioca grain, recommended for cultivation in Brazil in the last 40 years
Authors: Barili Leiri Daiane , Vale Naine Martins do , Prado Adalgisa Lelis do , Carneiro José Eustáquio de Souza , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Nascimento Moyses
Published: January 2016

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of genotype-environment interaction (GE) on common bean cultivars with carioca grain (cream-colored beans with light brown stripes), recommended for cultivation by different Brazilian research institutions in the last 40 years. The experiments were carried out with 40 cultivars in four different environments (Coimbra and Viçosa, in the dry and winter seasons of 2013) using a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed an effective increase in grain yield resulting from the use of new cultivars from different Brazilian breeding programs in the past four decades. In addition, the analysis of the GE interaction indicated that the cultivars recommended after 2005 combined high mean grain yield, wide adaptability and high or stability.
Los cuerpos en la cultura, la cultura en los cuerpos. Sobre las (nuevas) formas de habitar la escuela
Authors: Armella Julieta , Dafunchio Sofía
Published: January 2016

Resumen : El presente artículo procura describir las formas que asume la vida escolar en contextos de pobreza urbana atendiendo, específicamente, a los modos corporales de estar en la escuela, indagando las formas en que los estudiantes habitan el espacio y el tiempo escolar a partir de la perspectiva del Embodiment: la experiencia corporizada como punto de partida para analizar la participación humana en el mundo cultural. (CSORDAS, 2011) Este trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación que se interroga sobre las características que presentan los dispositivos pedagógicos en emplazamientos urbanos de extrema pobreza de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Presentaremos avances de la investigación recuperando escenas observadas en el trabajo de campo en escuelas secundarias.
Participar com os jovens e adolescentes da experiência de aproximação com o mundo adulto: o desafio da Educação
Authors: Moreira Benedito Dielcio
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho discute as relações que os jovens estudantes travam com o sistema midiático. Plenamente capazes de manipular as tecnologias midiáticas, eles trafegam entre e intra mídias com absoluta desenvoltura, com a intimidade de uma convivência cotidiana. Ocorre, entretanto, que todas as tecnologias de informação e os conteúdos disponibilizados atuam como mediadores e co-construtores de realidades. Já, no outro extremo, no campo da recepção, encontra-se um receptor dotado de uma história e inserido em um contexto cultural distinto. Isso significa que há um processo de construção de realidades nos centros emissores, uma desconstrução no ato da recepção e novas versões reconstruídas a partir da recepção e nas interações que são feitas junto aos grupos sociais. Desse confronto, dos conteúdos midiáticos com uma dada realidade histórico-cultural do receptor, são gerados e compartilhados sentidos. As ideias aqui discutidas resultam de um estudo com jovens estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio de quatro escolas - duas públicas e duas privadas. Os estudantes responderam a um questionário, participaram de discussões em sala de aula e de grupos focais. Dedico-me, portanto, a discutir o que é gerado na recepção, quais os conteúdos são relevantes, com quem são compartilhados e como a escola, enquanto espaço de socialização e aprendizagem, participa desse processo.
A pesquisa na prática docente em projeto de formação continuada: ideias e práticas em debate
Authors: Silva Fernanda Keila Marinho da , Compiani Maurício
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este artigo se insere no debate iniciado por essa revista sobre a pesquisa na prática docente. Em projeto de formação continuada tratamos certos aspectos dessa pesquisa, quais sejam: a autoria do professor na elaboração dos conhecimentos escolares; a simultaneidade entre trabalho e pesquisa; a inversão de uma certa tradição em que a prática é sempre uma aplicação da teoria sem o enfrentamento da imprevisibilidade da prática e dos movimentos incertos de resolução de problemas reais da escola. O debate dessas questões orientam as tentativas de compreender mais e melhor as práticas formativas que tratam de problemas surgidos nas próprias aulas e que constituam o ato de ensinar e de pesquisar conjugadamente.
Variation in lung function is associated with worse clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Heinzmann-Filho João Paulo , Pinto Leonardo Araujo , Marostica Paulo José Cauduro , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the variation in lung function over one year is associated with worse clinical outcomes, as well as with a decline in lung function in the following years, in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving CF patients (4-19 years of age), evaluated over a three-year period. We evaluated demographic characteristics, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, antibiotic use, hospitalization, six-minute walk distance (6MWD), and lung function. The inclusion criterion was having undergone pulmonary function testing at least three times in the first year and at least once in each of the next two years. RESULTS: We evaluated 35 CF patients. The variation in FEV1 in the first year (FEV1) was greater among those who, in the third year, showed reduced FEV1, had a below-average 6MWD, or were hospitalized than among those with normal FEV1, normal 6MWD, or no hospital admissions, in that same year (p < 0.05), although no such difference was found for antibiotic use in the third year. Subjects showing a FEV1 ≥ 10% also showed a greater decline in FEV1 over the two subsequent years (p = 0.04). The FEV1 also showed an inverse correlation with absolute FEV1 in the third year (r = −0.340, p = 0.04) and with the rate of FEV1 decline (r = −0.52, p = 0.001). Linear regression identified FEV1 as a predictor of FEV1 decline (coefficient of determination, 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: Significant variation in lung function over one year seems to be associated with a higher subsequent rate of FEV1 decline and worse clinical outcomes in CF patients. Short-term FEV1 might prove useful as a predictor of CF progression in clinical practice.
Modelling the triphasic mechanics of porous material in articular cartilage
Authors: Huang Lin-chong , Yu Jin-dong , Pan Xin , Peng Ting-ting , Cheng Ye
Published: January 2016

The unique mechanical properties of porous media in the articular cartilage have been attributed to the complex structure and the composition of the extracellular matrix, which consists of water and an air phase and a solid matrix that is composed of a fibrous network of collagen and aggregating cells. This paper employs a recent constitutive model to summarise the important characteristics of the mechanics of porous media in the articular cartilage. The constitutive functions are described as follows: the evolution of the constitutive effective stress with imposed solid matrix deformation; the intrinsic mass densities with intrinsic pressure on all three phase; and the relative flow vector with intrinsic pressure for the water and air phase. The progression of the deformation in large-scale boundary value problems under monotonic loading conditions has been mapped based on the summarised mechanical characteristics. Simulations are presented to demonstrate how the proposed criterion can be applied to real-world situations. The methodology proposed herein provides a powerful means of assessing articular cartilage mechanics based on a solid mechanical theory rather than empiricism.
Influential Factors on the Cognition of Tourism Destination Advertising by Selective Attention
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Jeong Hyun-Woo , Yoon Ji-Hwan
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this research is to examine effective factors and their relationships on the cognition of subway tourism destination’s advertising by selective attention. According to the selective attention widely used in the psychology literature, the cognition can be divided into two: cases paying attention to the contents of advertisement and cases paying attention to the other things. Through empirical research, 4 factors of advertising (e.g., creativity, visibility, subliminal, and natural landscape) were identified. The factors had positively effective relationships with tourism destination’s advertising cognition. On the other hand, 2 factors (e.g., Ad cluttering and smart phone addiction) identified as advertisement’s external factors. These factors had negatively effective relationships on tourism destination’s advertising cognition. The results of this research provide theoretical implications and practical implications that advertisement related practitioners must bear in mind when executing tourism destination advertising.
Identifying Tourism Service Failures in the Travel Chain by the Types of the Disabled Tourists’ Embodiment: An Application of Critical Incident Technique
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, LEE BONGKOO , LEE YOU-HA
Published: January 2016

Tourists with disabilities would have a high propensity of confronting service failures of human and non-human elements provided along the travel chain. This research was conducted, using the Critical Incident Technique, to extract service failures perceived by disabled tourists across the chain from the point of view of disabled tourists’ embodiment conditions and to systematically categorize them. Data were collected via individual or group interviews from 33 disabled tourists with diverse embodiment conditions. The Result revealed that 93 service failure cases mentioned by the informants could be grouped into six dimensions and 15 categories. Frequently mentioned service failures were associated with the ‘on-site experience’ stage. Structural conditions of the tourism environment, interactions with employees, and conditions of tourism products/services were the most busily mentioned dimensions. In addition different service failure dimensions were frequently mentioned by differently embodied tourists. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed for future research direction.
Violencia íntima, femicidios y armas de fuego en Argentina
Authors: DerGhougassian et al. Khatchik
Published: January 2016

La presencia de un arma de fuego en situaciones de violencia íntima incrementa la probabilidad de la victimización fatal. No obstante, en Argentina ninguna investigación completa se ha hecho sobre las armas de fuego en femicidios. Este trabajo exploratorio indaga sobre el rol de las armas de fuego en la violencia íntima en general y los femicidios en particular para una evaluación de las medidas de prevención existentes. Propone a) revisar la literatura académica y la normativa existente sobre el femicidio en general, y en América Latina y en Argentina en particular; b) revelar la preocupación internacional sobre el uso de armas de fuego en los femicidios; c) analizar los datos estadísticos disponibles sobre violencia íntima y femicidios que involucran armas de fuego en la Argentina y d) reflexionar acerca de las iniciativas legislativas, las políticas y acciones sociales para mejorar las medidas preventivas que reduzcan el uso del medio más letal para la comisión de femicidios: las armas de fuego.
El vínculo entre migración y desarrollo a debate, de Gioconda Herrera (Coordinadora)
Authors: Umbría Acosta Luis
Published: January 2016

Reseña
Ukrain (NSC 631570) ameliorates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury by reducing oxidative stress
Authors: Kocak Cengiz , Kocak Fatma Emel , Akcilar Raziye , Akcilar Aydin , Savran Bircan , Zeren Sezgin , Bayhan Zulfu , Bayat Zeynep
Published: January 2016

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes severe destruction in remote organs. Lung damage is a frequently seen complication after intestinal I/R. Ukrain (NSC 631570) is a synthetic thiophosphate derivative of alkaloids from the extract of the celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) plant. We investigated the effect of Ukrain in animals with lung injury induced by intestinal I/R. Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, Ukrain, I/R, I/R with Ukrain. Before intestinal I/R was induced, Ukrain was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 7.0 mg/body weight. After 1 h ischemia and 2 h reperfusion period, lung tissues were excised. Tissue levels of total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured and oxidative stress indices (OSI) were calculated. Lung tissues were also examined histopathologically. TOS and OSI levels markedly increased and TAS levels decreased in the I/R group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). TOS and OSI levels markedly decreased and TAS levels increased in the I/R with Ukrain group compared with the group subjected to IR only (P < 0.05). Severe hemorrhage, alveolar septal thickening, and leukocyte infiltration were observed  in the I/R group. In the I/R with Ukrain group, morphologic changes occurring as a result of lung damage attenuated and histopathological scores reduced compared to the I/R group (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that Ukrain pretreatment could reduce lung injury induced by intestinal I/R induced via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Sharing as an Aspect of Customer Behaviour of Digital Natives in Poland
Authors: Łazorko Katarzyna
Published: January 2016

The aim of the paper is to explore different dimensions of sharing as an element of customer behaviour of Digital Natives in Poland. In the paper the results of qualitative and quantitative survey conducted among students of the Czestochowa University of Technology (CUT). In the paper the idea of sharing is interpreted in its online as well as traditional off-line dimensions. Basing on herown researchas well as other sources, the intention of the author was to explorehow Digital Natives perceive the idea of sharing ideas, items, etc.
Managers' Perceptions of the Impact of Cultural Differences on the Process of Internationalization of Polish Companies
Authors: Nizielska Aleksandra Olejnik , Larimo Jorma
Published: January 2016

A large sector of researchers in the International Business field, along with those in other fields (such as International Marketing and International Management), have dedicated themselves to research involving the reliability, applicability and generalizability of the psychic distance phenomenon.This construct has an influence on theinternationalization of companies. The aim of the article is to present qualitative research results on managers’ perceptions of the importance of one of the psychic distance stimuli, namely cultural differences,in the process of internationalization of companies. In the theoretical section of the article, the definition and operationalization of psychic distance and different stimuli of this construct are described.Particular consideration is dedicated tocultural differences. The second part of the article focuseson the research background.In the third part of the article, the importance of the differences in culture in the process ofinternationalization isevaluated. The article presents the respondents’ opinions on the significance of cultural values and practices, differences in religion and differences in languages in managers’ decisions on internationalization. The authorsfocus on the impact of cultural differences on the choice of directions of foreign expansion, market entry strategies, the amount of foreign expansion markets, the pace of internationalization as well as the value of sales and capital engagement abroad.
Comentario
Authors: Valdés Ugalde Francisco
Published: January 2016

El comentario  se divide   en  observaciones  a las  ponencias   presentadas   y apuntes    sobre los cambios   del  modelo   político  y social  que vive  el país.  Las  reformas  de  la economía  y del  Estado   desde  los dos  últimos   gobiernos, no  tratan  de hacer  ajustes  dentro  de un pacto social,   sino   de  cambiarlo.  En  este  proceso está  en juego   el carácter   tutelar   del autoritarismo  surgido   de la revolución.
Comentario
Authors: Lozano Lucrecia
Published: January 2016

De tal forma  que  su política  de intervención se ha orientado  al exterminio  de los ejércitos nacionalistas  comprometidos   con  el cambio social.  En  Panamá   destruyeron  las  Fuerzas de  Defensa  y en  Nicaragua  se Logró  el cuestionamiento  de  la existencia   del Ejército   Popular  Sandinista.
Reseña del libro: Transiciones desde un gobierno autoritario,, Lowenthal, Abraham
Authors: Buriano Ana
Published: January 2016

Investigación auspiciada por el Programa Latinoamericano   del  Centro   Woodrow  Wilson que  analiza  casos de  transición  de gobiernos autoritarios  hacia  "democracias  políticas" en América   Latina   y  Europa    Meridional.  Las diversas   corrientes  ideológicas de  los analistas  giran   sobre   la  idea  de  que  la  izquierda latinoamericana  ha imposibilitado  el arraigo de  la  democracia  en  el  continente.  O'Donnell  concluye que ella se alcanzara a través de la "interacción  estratégica  entre  actores  cautelosos  y fatigados".
Reseña del libro: Party Politics and Elections in Latin America, McDonald, Ronald H. y J. Mark Ruhl
Authors: Guillen Diana
Published: January 2016

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Las elecciones en Belice: del espejismo bipartidista a la realidad neocolonialista
Authors: Toussaint Ribot Mónica
Published: January 2016

Para  analizar las elecciones realizadas en Belice  en   1989,  la  autora    hace   una   revisión histórica  de  los  partidos    y  de  la  actividad política   de  los  trabajadores.  Para  lograr   un proyecto acorde   con  la realidad   del  país  los partidos   políticos deberán    tomar   en  cuenta la variedad  étnica­social, la  situación  de  ex colonia   británica  y el papel   estratégico  que tiene  en  la zona  centroamericana.   Ponencia al  Ciclo  America  Latina   a  la  Hora   de  las Elecciones, Instituto   Mora.
El proceso electoral dominicano: difícil camino hacia la democracia
Authors: Maríñez Pablo A.
Published: January 2016

Analiza la tensión   política   y social  vivida  en las últimas décadas, entre   sectores que  priorizan   lo  político y  social   en  los  contenidos democráticos  y quienes  lo  reducen  a la instancia   politico­electoral   y las fuerzas   políticas  que  incidieran  en  las  diferentes elecciones  celebradas.  Ponencia  al  Ciclo  America Latina   a la Hora   de  las Elecciones, Instituto Mora. 
Venezuela: entre la continuidad y el cambio
Authors: Vargas Claudio H.
Published: January 2016

Los procesos  políticos latinoamericanos  han sido  estudiados,  bajo  la óptica   de  la trilogía subdesarrollo,  dependencia  y autoritarismo. Para  el caso  venezolano  propone  abordar  la dinámica de las relaciones entre  el sistema económico  y los regímenes políticos para, en un  futuro,   ampliarlo  o inscribirlo  en  el con­ texto   político  de  America  Latina.   Ponencia al Ciclo America Latina  a la Hora  de las Elecciones,  Instituto  Mora.
Poder político y bárbaros en Chihuahua hacia 1845
Authors: Aboites Aguilar Luis
Published: January 2016

Estudio de  la respuesta de  los pobladores  de Chihuahua  ante  la amenaza  de  los nómadas que  muchas  veces  los  obliga   a paralizar  sus actividades   económicas,   a  la  vez  que   les dificultó    la  expansión   territorial    y la  explotación   de  recursos  y rutas   comerciales. Destaca la organización  de la población  ante las  limitaciones  del  aparato    gubernamental para   orquestar   una  respuesta   militar y   política  ante   los  ataques    de  los  apaches   que derivaron  de  una  debilidad  política   a nivel nacional.
Presentación
Authors: Suárez A. Ana Rosa
Published: January 2016

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James Madison y la expansión territorial, 1780-1790
Authors: Arriaga Víctor A.
Published: January 2016

Análisis  de la carrera  expansionista norteamericana en el periodo  de conformación  del Estado  nacional.   Reseña  los debates  en torno al republicanismo  y la incorporación  de nuevas tierras, así coma  los planteamientos  al gobierno español  sobre  los derechos de navegación   en  el Mississipi. En  este  contexto,   las tesis  manejadas  por  James   Madison ilustran el potencial  de  la ambición  norteamericana para   abrir   el  camino   a una  explotación  comercial   intensa   o incorporarse  al desarrollo de la economía  capitalista.