bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediators of Differences Between Employed and Unemployed in Life Satisfaction and Emotional Well-being
Authors: Fors Connolly Filip , Gärling Tommy
Published: October 2021

Previous research has shown that the unemployed has lower life satisfaction than the employed but that their emotional well-being may not differ. The aim is to investigate the role of mediators with bearings on these differences between the employed and unemployed in emotional well-being compared to life satisfaction. Participants were 3,463 employed and 452 unemployed living in five Western countries. They answered questions in an online survey. The results showed that the employed had both higher life satisfaction and emotional well-being. Mediation analysis replicated previous results in that the relationship between unemployment and life satisfaction was mediated by financial satisfaction. The relationship with emotional well-being was mediated by satisfaction with time use which was higher for the employed than the unemployed. Financial satisfaction was also a mediator of the relationship with emotional well-being, both directly and through satisfaction with time use. Although the unemployed felt lower time pressure than the employed, this factor was not a strong mediator of the relationship with emotional well-being, neither directly nor through satisfaction with time use. A possible explanation for the differences in the results for emotional well-being is that a negative mood is less associated with work than found in previous research.
Validating the Diathesis–Stress Model Based Case Conceptualization Procedure in Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: The LIBET (Life Themes and Semi-Adaptive Plans—Implications of Biased Beliefs, Elicitation and Treatment) Procedure
Authors: Sassaroli Sandra , Caselli Gabriele , Mansueto Giovanni , Palmieri Sara , Pepe Alessandro , Veronese Guido , Ruggiero Giovanni M.
Published: October 2021

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches use case formulation procedures based on the diathesis–stress conceptualization model, arranged in two dimensions: emotional vulnerability (present in a patient’s consciousness in terms of core beliefs) and coping strategies. Nevertheless, despite its pivotal role, there are a limited number of validation studies for this model.Life themes and semi-adaptive plans: Implications of biased beliefs, elicitation and treatment(LIBET) is a CBT case formulation method grounded on the CBT diathesis–stress model that aims to help validate the CBT case formulation model, and, in particular, its bidimensional arrangement. In LIBET, the two classic CBT dimensions are called “life themes,” which are mental states of focused attention to emotional sensitivities represented as core beliefs in consciousness, and “semi-adaptive plans,” which are the rigid management strategies of “life themes” implemented by adopting coping strategies such as anxious safety behaviors, compulsive controls and aggressive or rewarding strategies. The study uses quantitative textual analysis to validate the LIBET procedure in a clinical sample. The investigation discusses the extent to which the results can be considered a validation of the arrangement of the general CBT diathesis–stress model in the two dimensions of core beliefs and coping strategies.
An Interior Point-Proximal Method of Multipliers for Linear Positive Semi-Definite Programming
Authors: Pougkakiotis Spyridon , Gondzio Jacek
Published: October 2021

In this paper we generalize the Interior Point-Proximal Method of Multipliers (IP-PMM) presented in Pougkakiotis and Gondzio (Comput Optim Appl 78:307–351, 2021.10.1007/s10589-020-00240-9) for the solution of linear positive Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) problems, allowing inexactness in the solution of the associated Newton systems. In particular, we combine an infeasible Interior Point Method (IPM) with the Proximal Method of Multipliers (PMM) and interpret the algorithm (IP-PMM) as a primal-dual regularized IPM, suitable for solving SDP problems. We apply some iterations of an IPM to each sub-problem of the PMM until a satisfactory solution is found. We then update the PMM parameters, form a new IPM neighbourhood, and repeat this process. Given this framework, we prove polynomial complexity of the algorithm, under mild assumptions, and without requiring exact computations for the Newton directions. We furthermore provide a necessary condition for lack of strong duality, which can be used as a basis for constructing detection mechanisms for identifying pathological cases within IP-PMM.
‘Utilitarianism for animals: deontology for people’ and the doing/allowing distinction
Authors: Woollard Fiona
Published: October 2021

It is tempting to think that zebras, goats, lions, and similar animals matter morally, but not in quite the same way people do. This might lead us to adopt a hybrid view of animal ethics such as ‘Utilitarianism for Animals; Deontology for People’. One of the core commitments of deontology is the Doctrine of Doing and Allowing (DDA): the view that doing harm is harder to justify than allowing harm. I explore how this core tenant of deontology applies to non-person, non-human animals and whether hybrid views of animal ethics can accept it. In doing so, I aim to do three things. First, to show that my defence of the DDA can solve a problem surrounding our duties to wild animals, while making only minimal claims about animal moral status. Second, to offer an argument that for many non-person, non-human animals, we should recognise deontological constraints on their treatment, but also see those constraints as importantly different from the constraints against doing harm to persons. Third, to get clearer on how we should understand Utilitarianism for Animals and Nozickian hybrid approaches to animal ethics.
Uncoupling protein 1 knockout aggravates isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia via AMPK/mTOR/PPARα pathways in rats
Authors: Hou Daorong , Fu Heling , Zheng Yuan , Lu Dan , Ma Yuanwu , Yin Yuan , Zhang Lianfeng , Bao Dan
Published: October 2021

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was found exclusively in the inner membranes of the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We found that UCP1 was also expressed in heart tissue and significantly upregulated in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) rat model. The present study is to determine the underlying mechanism involved in the UCP1 upregulation in ISO-induced AMI rat model. The Ucp1−/− rats were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 system and presented decreased BAT volume. 2-months old Sprague Dawley (SD) wild-type (WT) and Ucp1−/− rats were treated with ISO intraperitoneally 30 mg/kg once a day for 3 consecutive days to establish AMI model. In saline group, the echocardiographic parameters, serum markers of myocardial injury cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) or fibrosis were comparable between WT and Ucp1−/− rats. ISO treatment induced worse left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, increased higher cTnI, CK-MB and MDA and decreased lower SOD level in Ucp1−/− rats compared with that of WT rats. Ucp1−/− rats also presented lower myocardial phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP-ratio, which demonstrated worse cardiac energy regulation defect. ISO treatment induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, subsequently the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation in WT rats, whereas activation of AMPK/mTOR/PPARα pathways significantly inhibited in Ucp1−/− rats. To sum up, UCP1 knockout aggravated ISO-induced AMI by inhibiting AMPK/mTOR/PPARα pathways in rats. Increasing UCP1 expression in heart tissue may be a cytoprotective therapeutic strategy for AMI.
Improved accuracy and fewer outliers with a novel CT-free robotic THA system in matched-pair analysis with manual THA
Authors: Kamath Atul F. , Durbhakula Sridhar M. , Pickering Trevor , Cafferky Nathan L. , Murray Trevor G. , Wind Michael A. , Méthot Stéphane
Published: October 2021

Accurate component orientation and restoration of hip biomechanics remains a continuing challenge in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The goal of this study was to analyze the accuracy/reproducibility of a novel CT-free and pin-less robotic-assisted THA (RA-THA) platform compared to manual THA (mTHA). This matched-pair cadaveric study compared this RA-THA system to mTHA (n = 33/arm), both using the assistance of fluoroscopic imaging, in a group of 14 high-volume arthroplasty surgeons. In both groups, surgeons were asked to aim for 40°/15° for cup inclination/version, and 0 mm of leg length discrepancy (LLD). A validated and accurate method using radio-opaque markers measured cup inclination/version and LLD. The accuracy and reproducibility (fewer outliers) of cup inclination was significantly improved in the robotic group (1.8° ± 1.3° vs 6.4° ± 4.9°, respectively, robotic vs manual; p < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups for version. The reproducibility of LLD was significantly improved in the robotic group (p = 0.003). For all parameters studied, the robotic group had an improved accuracy and lower variance (fewer outliers). The percentage of cases within the more restrictive Callanan safe zone was 100% for RA-THA vs 73% for mTHA (p = 0.002). The CT-free RA-THA platform, using only fluoroscopic imaging, demonstrated more accurate acetabular cup positioning, when compared to the mTHA procedures performed by high-volume hip surgeons (naive to this RA-THA platform), with respect to cup inclination and placement within the Lewinnek/Callanan safe zones. Future study must incorporate economic factors, lower volume surgeons, clinical and patient-centric outcomes, and other radiographic parameters in controlled studies in large sample sizes.
Endocrine system dysfunction and chronic heart failure: a clinical perspective
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Iovino Michele , Zupo Roberta , Guastamacchia Edoardo , De Pergola Giovanni , Iacoviello Massimo , Triggiani Vincenzo
Published: October 2021

Chronic heart failure (CHF) leads to an excess of urgent ambulatory visits, recurrent hospital admissions, morbidity, and mortality regardless of medical and non-medical management of the disease. This excess of risk may be attributable, at least in part, to comorbid conditions influencing the development and progression of CHF. In this perspective, the authors examined and described the most common endocrine disorders observed in patients with CHF, particularly in individuals with reduced ejection fraction, aiming to qualify the risks, quantify the epidemiological burden and discuss about the potential role of endocrine treatment. Thyroid dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with CHF, and sometimes it could be the consequence of certain medications (e.g., amiodarone). Male and female hypogonadism may also coexist in this clinical context, contributing to deteriorating the prognosis of these patients. Furthermore, growth hormone deficiency may affect the development of adult myocardium and predispose to CHF. Limited recommendation suggests to screen endocrine disorders in CHF patients, but it could be interesting to evaluate possible endocrine dysfunction in this setting, especially when a high suspicion coexists. Data referring to long-term safety and effectiveness of endocrine treatments in patients with CHF are limited, and their impact on several “hard” endpoints (such as hospital admission, all-cause, and cardiovascular mortality) are still poorly understood.
RiFNet: Automated rib fracture detection in postmortem computed tomography
Authors: Ibanez Victor , Gunz Samuel , Erne Svenja , Rawdon Eric J. , Ampanozi Garyfalia , Franckenberg Sabine , Sieberth Till , Affolter Raffael , Ebert Lars C. , Dobay Akos
Published: October 2021

Imaging techniques are widely used for medical diagnostics. In some cases, a lack of medical practitioners who can manually analyze the images can lead to a bottleneck. Consequently, we developed a custom-made convolutional neural network (RiFNet = Rib Fracture Network) that can detect rib fractures in postmortem computed tomography. In a retrospective cohort study, we retrieved PMCT data from 195 postmortem cases with rib fractures from July 2017 to April 2018 from our database. The computed tomography data were prepared using a plugin in the commercial imaging software Syngo.via whereby the rib cage was unfolded on a single-in-plane image reformation. Out of the 195 cases, a total of 585 images were extracted and divided into two groups labeled “with” and “without” fractures. These two groups were subsequently divided into training, validation, and test datasets to assess the performance of RiFNet. In addition, we explored the possibility of applying transfer learning techniques on our dataset by choosing two independent noncommercial off-the-shelf convolutional neural network architectures (ResNet50 V2 and Inception V3) and compared the performances of those two with RiFNet. When using pre-trained convolutional neural networks, we achieved an F1 score of 0.64 with Inception V3 and an F1 score of 0.61 with ResNet50 V2. We obtained an average F1 score of 0.91 ± 0.04 with RiFNet. RiFNet is efficient in detecting rib fractures on postmortem computed tomography. Transfer learning techniques are not necessarily well adapted to make classifications in postmortem computed tomography.
Collective Epistemic Luck
Authors: Barba Moisés , Broncano-Berrocal Fernando
Published: October 2021

A platitude in epistemology is that an individual’s belief does not qualify as knowledge if it is true by luck. Individuals, however, are not the only bearers of knowledge. Many epistemologists agree that groups can also possess knowledge in a way that is genuinely collective. If groups can know, it is natural to think that, just as true individual beliefs fall short of knowledge due to individual epistemic luck, true collective beliefs may fall short of knowledge because of collective epistemic luck. This paper argues, first, that the dominant view of epistemic luck in the literature, the modal view, does not yield a satisfactory account of lucky collective beliefs. Second, it argues that collective epistemic luck is better explained in terms of groups lacking (suitably defined) forms of control over collective belief formation that are specific to the different procedures for forming collective beliefs. One of the main implications of this, we will argue, is that groups whose beliefs are formed via internal deliberation are more vulnerable to knowledge-undermining collective luck than groups that form their beliefs via non-deliberative methods, such as non-deliberative anonymous voting. The bottom line is that the greater exposure to knowledge-undermining luck that deliberation gives rise to provides a reason (not a conclusive one) for thinking that non-deliberative methods of group belief formation have greater epistemic value.
Surges of hospital-based rhinovirus infection during the 2020 coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Ruo-Xi , Chen Dong-Mei , Qian Yuan , Sun Yu , Zhu Ru-Nan , Wang Fang , Ding Ya-Xin , Guo Qi , Zhou Yu-Tong , Qu Dong , Cao Ling , Zhu Chun-Mei , Zhao Lin-Qing
Published: October 2021

Background

A series of public health preventive measures has been widely implemented in Beijing to control the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic since January 2020. An evaluation of the effects of these preventive measures on the spread of other respiratory viruses is necessary.

Methods

Respiratory specimens collected from children with acute respiratory infections were tested by NxTAG™ respiratory pathogen panel assays during January 2017 and December 2020. Specimens characterized as rhinoviruses (RVs) were sequenced to identify the RV species and types. Then, the epidemiology results of respiratory pathogens in 2020 were compared with those from 2017 to 2019 using SPSS statistics 22.0.

Results

The positive rates of adenovirus (ADV), influenza virus (flu), RVs, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) dropped abruptly by 86.31%, 94.67%, 94.59%, and 92.17%, respectively, from February to May 2020, compared with the average level in the same period during 2017–2019. Positive rates of RVs then steeply increased from June 2020 (13.77%), to an apex (37.25%) in August 2020, significantly higher than the average rates (22.51%) in August 2017–2019 (P = 0.005). The increase, especially in group ≥ 3 years, was accompanied by the reopening of schools and kindergartens after the 23rd and 24th week of 2020 in Beijing.

Conclusions

Whereas the abrupt drop in viral pathogen positive rates from February to May 2020 revealed the remarkable effects of the COVID-19 preventive measures, the sharp increase in positive rates of RVs from the 23rd week of 2020 might be explained by the reopening of schools and kindergartens in Beijing.
Einfluss von Spine und Spline auf die Pfeilgruppierung bei der Compound-Bogen-Meisterschaftsrunde auf 50 m
Authors: Spura Christian
Published: October 2021

Wird ein Pfeil von einem Compound-Bogen abgeschossen, so verursacht die durch das Zuggewicht auf den Pfeil übertragene Abschussenergie eine Biegeknickung (seitliches Ausweichen der Längsachse) des Pfeils. Je nach statischem Spine-Wert des Pfeilschafts, fällt diese Biegung größer oder kleiner aus. Während des freien Pfeilfluges muss die Biegeknickung, welche in Form einer freien Schwingung sichtbar ist, durch die Steifigkeits- und Dämpfungseigenschaften des dynamischen Spines kompensiert werden. Der Pfeil muss sich im freien Flug entsprechend eigenständig stabilisieren, um auf der Zielscheibe eine möglichst kleine Pfeilgruppierung zu erreichen. Darüber hinaus variiert der statische Spinewert entlang des Pfeilumfangs, und bei jedem Pfeil ist eine bestimmte Orientierung vorhanden, in welcher die Durchbiegung am größten bzw. kleinsten ist. Dies wird im Allgemeinen mit Spline bezeichnet. In diesem Beitrag wird mittels experimenteller Untersuchungen dargelegt, welche Auswirkung die Wahl eines zu weichen oder zu steifen Pfeils (dynamischer Spine) im Vergleich zu einem optimalen Pfeil auf die Größe der Pfeilgruppierung und damit auf die Ringzahl besitzt. Zudem werden auch Variationen der Lage und Orientierung des Splines durchgeführt. Hier zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass der Spline keine Auswirkungen auf die Größe der Pfeilgruppierung besitzt. Weiterhin ergeben sich aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen, dass ein zu weicher wie auch ein zu steifer Pfeil zu einer Vergrößerung der Pfeilgruppierung führen und dadurch das Wertungsergebnis entsprechend geringer wird. Mithilfe der durchgeführten Untersuchungen in diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss des Spine auf die Pfeilgruppierung aufgezeigt, um den Bogenschützen bei der richtigen Materialauswahl zu unterstützen.
„Exekutive Funktionen im Lehrplan“
Authors: Schweihofen Christian
Published: October 2021

Bildungsstandards, Kernlehrpläne, Outputsteuerung, Kompetenzen sind Schlagworte, unter denen sprachlich wohlklingende und sachlich hohe Ansprüche an die Sportlehrkräfte gestellt werden. Der Beitrag analysiert an einem aktuellen Beispiel der Lehrplanentwicklung mit Blick auf Baden-Württemberg und Nordrhein-Westfalen die Begriffe „Selbstregulation, Fähigkeit zur Selbstregulation, Selbstregulationskompetenz und Kompetenz zur Selbstregulation“ und findet eine Kluft zwischen den allgemeinen Ansprüchen an die Entwicklung von Bildungsstandards und deren wenig differenzierter, eher faktoider Umsetzung in den Kernlehrplänen Sport. Es werden Wünsche für die Weiterentwicklung von Unterrichtskonzepten, gehaltvollere Bildungsstandards und für bessere Kernlehrpläne geäußert, damit der Sportunterricht nicht trotz, sondern wegen der kompetenzorientierten Lehrpläne guten Unterricht, Bildung und Kompetenzerwerb ermöglicht.
An assessment of the environmental and socio-economic impacts of alien rabbits and hares
Authors: Allmert Tom , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Evans Thomas
Published: October 2021

Directly comparable data on the environmental and socio-economic impacts of alien species informs the effective prioritisation of their management. We used two frameworks, the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT), to create a unified dataset on the severity and type of impacts caused by alien leporids (rabbits and hares). Literature was reviewed to collate impact data, which was categorised following EICAT and SEICAT guidelines. We aimed to use these data to identify: (1) alien leporid species with severe impacts, (2) their impact mechanisms, (3) the native species and local communities vulnerable to impacts and (4) knowledge gaps. Native species from a range of taxonomic groups were affected by environmental impacts which tended to be more damaging than socio-economic impacts. Indirect environmental impacts were particularly damaging and underreported. No impact data were found for several alien leporid species.
Fostering Children’s Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction Through Play: A Case Study of LEGO and Minecraft
Authors: Le Dé Loïc , Gaillard JC , Gampell Anthony , Loodin Nickola , Hinchliffe Graham
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on children’s participation in disaster risk reduction. It draws on a 2018 study done in New Zealand with 33 school children who conducted participatory mapping with LEGO and the video game Minecraft to assess disaster risk in their locality and identify ways to be more prepared. The research involved participatory activities with the children actively involved in the co-design, implementation, and evaluation of the initiative. A focus group discussion was also conducted to assess the project from the viewpoint of the schoolteachers. The results indicate that LEGO and Minecraft are playful tools for children to participate in disaster risk reduction. The research identifies four key elements of genuine children’s participation, including the Participants, Play, the Process, and Power (4 Ps). This framework emphasizes that fostering children’s participation in disaster risk reduction requires focusing on the process through which children gain power to influence decisions that matter to them. The process, through play, is child-centered and fosters ownership. The article concludes that Play is essential to ground participation within children’s worldviews and their networks of friends and relatives.
The cognitive comparison enhanced hierarchical clustering
Authors: Guan Chun , Yuen Kevin Kam Fung
Published: October 2021

The growth of online shopping is rapidly changing the buying behaviour of consumers. Today, there are challenges facing buyers in the selection of a preferred item from the numerous choices available in the market. To improve the consumer online shopping experience, recommender systems have been developed to reduce the information overload. In this paper, a cognitive comparison-enhanced hierarchical clustering (CCEHC) system is proposed to provide personalised product recommendations based on user preferences. A novel rating method, cognitive comparison rating (CCR), is applied to weigh the product attributes and measure the categorical scales of attributes according to expert knowledge and user preferences. Hierarchical clustering is used to cluster the products into different preference categories. The CCEHC model can be used to rank and cluster product data with the input of user preferences and produce reliable customised recommendations for the users. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed model, the CCR method is compared with the rating approach of the analytic hierarchy process. Two recommendation cases are demonstrated in this paper with two datasets, one collected by this research for laptop recommendation and the other an open dataset for workstation recommendation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system is feasible for providing personalised recommendations. The significance of this research is the provision of a recommendation solution that does not depend on historical purchase records; rather, one wherein the users’ rating preferences and expert knowledge, both of which are measured by CCR, is considered. The proposed CCEHC model could be further applied to other types of similar recommendation cases such as music, books, and movies.
Business Model Innovation Through the Lens of Time: An Empirical Study of Performance Implications Across Venture Life Cycles
Authors: Freisinger Elena , Heidenreich Sven , Landau Christian , Spieth Patrick
Published: October 2021

Current literature suggests that the innovation of a business model is among the most important success factors for organizations and has a positive influence on their performance. What is not yet clear, however, is how this relationship unfolds during an organization’s life cycle. We posit that business model innovation strongly contributes to firm performance in earlier phases, but ultimately gets less important. We therefore collected data on 250 organizations in Germany and used structural equation modeling for analytical purposes. We make the following two main contributions to the literature: (1) We confirm recent findings about the positive impact of business model innovation on performance; (2) we provide first empirical evidence for the important role of life cycle stages as moderator with regard to this relationship. With respect to the latter, our findings show that business model innovation is an important pathway of organizations, especially in their early years of existence, yet somewhat diminishing over time. In conclusion, this study opens new research avenues by extending and incorporating explanations for the life cycle theory and business model innovation.
The grass versus the people: sacred roots of environmental conflict in the Chilonga communal lands in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tarusarira Joram
Published: October 2021

This article analyses a conflict that erupted in 2021 between the government of Zimbabwe and the people of Chilonga in the south of the country over the expropriation of their ancestral for the production of lucerne grass. The people of Chilonga resisted being displaced from land to which they are deeply attached and have a sacred connection. This conflict provides a rare opportunity to analyze the often marginalized, muted and misunderstood sacred roots of the environmental conflict that shape collective agency. The article uses the concepts of emplacement and disemplacement to comprehend the deeper and more intangible impacts of displacing people from their grazing lands, sources of water and traditional herbs and medicines, and sacred sites—natural resources they claim to be sacred. Thus, while disemplacement has been used to explain why people find themselves moving, the article uses it to show the opposite: why they resist moving and demonstrate the not easily measured losses upon which resistance to moving hinges.
Fixing Up Waco, Texas: Populäre Religion, das Sentimentale und die Refiguration von Räumen
Authors: Steets Silke
Published: October 2021

Der Text untersucht aktuelle religiöse Transformationsprozesse in der texanischen Stadt Waco als räumlich-kommunikative Refiguration. Ausgangspunkt ist der durchschlagende TV-Erfolg der Hausrenovierungsshow Fixer Upper, die in Waco spielt, in bislang fünf Staffeln bis zu 75 Millionen Zuschauer:innen fand und vor Ort einen Tourismusboom auslöste, der zu einem erstaunlichen Imagewandel der Stadt beitrug. Auf der Grundlage ethnographischer Beobachtungen und Interviewdaten sowie einer umfassenden Dokumentenanalyse rekonstruiert der Text schrittweise eine neue popkulturell-touristische Kommunikationsform des Religiösen, die unterschiedliche Formate annehmen kann – von der TV Show bis zur Stadtführung. Geprägt ist diese Kommunikationsform erstens durch ein evangelikales Erneuerungsnarrativ, zweitens durch die rituelle Herstellung und das materielle Wirklichwerden einer sentimentalen Neuordnung von Räumen und drittens durch die Ästhetisierung der evangelikalen Missionierungskommunikation. Sie setzt einen Wandlungsprozess in Gang, bei dem sich Raum und Religion wechselseitig bedingen: Einerseits wird der Raum zum zentralen Medium der religiösen Kommunikation, andererseits fungiert die Religion als identitätsstiftender Bezugspunkt spätmoderner Raumkonstruktionen. Die Analyse macht schließlich deutlich, dass sich im Raum ein Ringen um Aufmerksamkeit und Macht entfaltet, das sich als Resultat einer Spannung zwischen Bahnenraum und Ort und damit als Refiguration von Räumen deuten lässt.
Plotless actions with nevertheless a plot: the assemblage of a hybrid learning environment
Authors: Simon Frits , Vreuls Joyce
Published: October 2021

We report research into the evolvement of a hybrid learning environment where education, companies and government successfully cooperate. This hybrid learning environment—one of the latest inventions in curriculum design—is special because it was neither intended nor planned by the parties involved. With some self-astonishment, the participants in this research experienced a growing acknowledgement of their emerging educational creation, aside from the experience of and appreciation for their cooperation and the increasing turnover. With a bricolage research approach within the scope of a rhizomatic perspective on becoming, a multivocal perspective on the evolvement of the learning environment was pursued. In emphasizing the historical evolvement of the learning environment, our findings challenge the tradition of drawing board design, accompanied by an appeal for re-appreciating professional craftsmanship. In addition, some reflections regarding the research are discussed.
The changing language of women on The Big Bang Theory
Authors: Dennin Kimberly
Published: October 2021

This study focuses on how linguistic markers are utilized by women in media to highlight stereotypes and reinforce systems of oppression. Using data from the popular television program The Big Bang Theory, the speech patterns of the three main female characters, Penny, Amy, and Bernadette, were analyzed. It was found that changes in the speed and pitch of the dialog delivered by these characters correlated with the characters enacting certain female stereotypes that are not at the forefront of their personalities. The stereotypes of the traditionally feminine woman, overly aggressive woman, and ditzy blond are key in maintaining the inferior status of women. The stereotype of the traditionally feminine woman serves as an example of how women are supposed to act out their female identity, the overly aggressive stereotype is a warning against utilizing emotions outside of a traditional feminine community of practice, and the ditzy blond stereotype is used to provide proof of the inferiority of women and justify the continued subjugation of them.
Perianal endometriosis: An unusual cause of perianal pain
Authors: Lee J.W.K. , Tang Sarah S. , Ong J.L. , Oh H.B. , Lieske Bettina
Published: October 2021

Endometriosis is a common clinical condition where functional endometrial tissue is found outside the uterine cavity. Although most of this ectopic tissue tends to occur within the pelvis, on rare occasions, they can also be found in unusual locations, such as the thoracic cavity, perianal, episiotomy scar, and previous abdominal wound sites. This is a case report of a healthy 41-year-old Chinese female who presented with a painful perianal lump which was subsequently investigated and excised. The diagnosis of perianal endometriosis was made upon histological examination of the tissue. Many theories attempt to explain the phenomenon of endometriosis in the perianal region. In this case, the implantation theory is the likely explanation as the patient had a significant history of 3 normal vaginal deliveries which were followed by episiotomies. Advancements in endo-anal ultrasound (EAUS) have aided in the planning of surgery for this lesion.
The Institute of International Law's Resolution on the Equality of Parties Before International Investment Tribunals
Authors: McLachlan Campbell
Published: October 2021

The Institute of International Law's 2019 Resolution on the Equality of Parties before International Investment Tribunals represents a major step forward in codification of this essential principle as it applies to investor-state dispute settlement: a principle whose application in this context has attracted increasing controversy in recent years. In this commentary, Campbell McLachlan, who served as the Institute's Rapporteur on the topic, explains the context for the Resolution and sets forth an article-by-article analysis of its provisions, drawing upon a wealth of prior case-law as well as the discussions within the Institute that led to the Resolution. The resulting text is designed to assist counsel and tribunals in investment cases, as well as contribute to the wider debate on the reform of investor-state dispute settlement.
Flow simulation of the flight manoeuvres of a large transport aircraft with load alleviation
Authors: Breitenstein C. , Radespiel R.
Published: October 2021

A new method for predicting manoeuvre loads on a large transport aircraft with a swept-back wing and a load alleviation system based on control surface deflections is developed. For this purpose, three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations of the rigid wing–fuselage configuration are performed while the aerodynamics of the tailplane are estimated by means of handbook methods. For a closer analysis, different quasi-steady pitching manoeuvres are chosen based on the CS-25 regulations. One of these manoeuvres is also simulated with active load alleviation, leading to a reduction in the wing-root bending moment by more than 40%. Besides demonstrating the potential of the considered load alleviation system, it is shown which manoeuvres are especially critical in this context and which secondary effects come along with load alleviation.
A method for robust design in a coupled decision environment
Authors: Sharma Gehendra , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh
Published: October 2021

The design of a connected engineered system requires numerous design decisions that influence one another. In a connected system that comprises numerous interacting decisions involving concurrency and hierarchy, accounting for interactions while also managing uncertainties, it is imperative to make robust decisions. In this article, we present a method for robust design using coupled decisions to identify design decisions that are relatively insensitive to uncertainties. To account for the influence among decisions, design decisions are modelled as coupled decisions. They are defined using three criteria: the types of decisions, the strength of interactions and the decision levels. In order to make robust decisions, robust design methods are classified based on sources of uncertainty, namely, Type I (noise factors), Type II (design variables) and Type III (function relationship between design variables and responses). The design of a one-stage reduction gearbox is used as a demonstration example. To illustrate the proposed method for robust design using coupled decisions, we present the simultaneous selection of gear material and gearbox geometry in a coupled decision environment while managing the uncertainties involved in designing gearboxes.
Equidistribution of horospheres in non-positive curvature
Authors: BURNIOL CLOTET SERGI
Published: October 2021

We study the ergodic properties of horospheres on rank 1 manifolds with non-positive curvature. We prove that the horospheres are equidistributed under the action of the geodesic flow towards the Bowen–Margulis measure, on a large class of manifolds. In the case of surfaces, we define a parametrization of the horocyclic flow on the set of horocycles containing a rank 1 vector that is recurrent under the action of the geodesic flow. We prove that the horocyclic flow in restriction to this set is uniquely ergodic. The results are valid for large classes of manifolds, including the compact ones.
Two-component convection flow driven by a heat-releasing concentration field
Authors: Du Yuhang , Zhang Mengqi , Yang Yantao
Published: October 2021

In this work we study the convection flow driven by a heat-releasing concentration field which itself is stably stratified. The heat-releasing rate is linearly proportional to concentration. Linear stability analysis is conducted to determine the critical heat-releasing rate for given fluid properties and concentration differences. The most unstable mode associated with the critical heat-releasing rate can be oscillatory for a large concentration Rayleigh number, i.e. the non-dimensionalized concentration difference and large Schmidt number, i.e. the ratio of viscosity to diffusivity of the concentration component. Fully developed flows are then investigated by direct numerical simulations. Flow structures near the bottom plate have larger horizontal scales than those near the top plate. The concentration in the bulk is almost constant and takes a similar value for all the explored parameters, which results in the convective flux increasing linearly with height. To explain the dependences of the global transport properties, we extend the unifying theory of the Rayleigh–Bénard convection to the current system and develop scaling laws for the global fluxes. The numerical results can be described accurately by the theoretical model.
Structure and dynamics of a laminar separation bubble near a wingtip
Authors: Toppings Connor E. , Yarusevych Serhiy
Published: October 2021

The three-dimensional flow topology of a laminar separation bubble forming on the suction surface of a semispan wing with an aspect ratio of

$2.5$

and NACA 0018 airfoil section is characterised experimentally using surface pressure measurements and particle image velocimetry at a chord Reynolds number of

$125\ 000$

. In the inboard region of the wing, the separation bubble is essentially two-dimensional, and the transition process in the separated shear layer leads to periodic vortex shedding, which dominates the bubble dynamics, similar to two-dimensional separation bubbles. However, progressive spanwise changes in the mean structure and vortex dynamics occur near the wingtip, leading to an open separation and eventual suppression of the bubble. In the immediate proximity of the wingtip, the boundary layer remains attached, no vortex shedding occurs and the flow remains laminar, terminating separation bubble formation. Despite variations in the mean separation bubble topology and vortex dynamics along the span, the fundamental shedding characteristics remain nearly invariant across the portion of the wing where vortex shedding occurs, and the flow appears to lock onto a common instability mode across the span, leading to minimal changes in the mean bubble characteristics despite notable changes in the effective angle of attack along the span. A comparison with available surface flow visualisations from previous studies indicates that the observed changes to the mean bubble footprint along the span of the wing are similar across different geometries and flow characteristics, suggesting similarities in the three-dimensional bubble topology and dynamics on finite wings.
Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) Investigation of Engraved Chalk Plaques from the Stonehenge Region
Authors: Davis Bob , Harding Phil , Leivers Matt
Published: October 2021

Newly discovered and previously documented Late Neolithic chalk plaques from the Stonehenge locality have been subjected to new, non-invasive techniques which allow access to previously unseen elements of archaeological evidence. The application of these methods – involving Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and Polynomial Texture Mapping (PTM) – has revealed detail of the surface preparation and allowed methods and sequence of the compositions to be unpicked, clarifying their complexities. The results reveal a range of approaches to the compositions, some of which demonstrate planning, order, and intention while others include less systematic, rapidly executed sketches. Investigations of lines and surfaces have been made, supplemented by preliminary studies of replicated test pieces, to examine potential implements used in their creation and remark on plaque biographies and surface attrition following manufacture. Furthermore, detail revealed by RTI provides indications of the orientations in which some of the plaques should be viewed and – in one instance – suggests a ‘reflected’ element that may not be entirely abstract. Results from improved radiocarbon determinations place the plaques in the early part of the 3rd millennium bc which, together with identification of individual motifs, allows the plaques and the designs to be reconsidered within the corpus of Neolithic art in the British Isles.
Land, Opportunism, and Displacement in Civil Wars: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: TELLEZ JUAN FERNANDO
Published: October 2021

It is common for combatants to deliberately force civilians to flee their homes, resulting in incalculable loss for millions around the world. Existing accounts suggest combatants displace civilians whom they suspect are loyal to their opponents. And yet violence is also frequently motivated by local actors taking advantage of war to pursue private interests unrelated to wartime loyalties. However, little evidence exists of these dynamics with respect to displacement. Drawing on theories of opportunistic violence, I test an account in which surges in demand for land create incentives for elites to prey on peasants for their land. Combining new municipal and survey data from the Colombian armed conflict, I find evidence that the expansion of a land-intensive industry—African palm oil—precipitated opportunistic displacement by elites and paramilitary allies. The results demonstrate how elites can take advantage of war to engage in private accumulation and have implications for transitional justice policy.
A systematic review update of athletes’ nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake
Authors: Janiczak Amy , Devlin Brooke L. , Forsyth Adrienne , Trakman Gina Louise
Published: October 2021

Athletes’ dietary intakes sometimes do not meet sports nutrition guidelines. Nutrition knowledge (NK) is one factor that may influence dietary intake, but NK measurement tools are often outdated or unvalidated, and results regarding athletes’ NK are equivocal. The aims of this systematic review were to update previous systematic reviews by examining athletes’ NK and to assess the relationship between athletes’ general NK, sport NK and dietary intake. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched for studies published between November 2015 and November 2020 that provided a quantitative measure of NK and described the NK tool used. Twenty-eight studies were included, study quality was assessed using JBI checklists and data on NK score and diet intake was extracted. Eight studies utilised validated, up-to-date NK measurement tools. Mean general and sport NK% scores varied between 40·2% ± 12·4 and 70 % ± 9. Mean protein and carbohydrate consumption was 1·1–3·4 g/kg.bw/d and 2·4–4·6 g/kg.bw/d, respectively. Weak-to-moderate, positive associations were found between NK and positive dietary behaviours. Due to a wide variety of NK measurement tools used, it is difficult to synthesise results to determine overall NK in athletes. Overall, there appears to be a low standard of knowledge. Quality of measurement tools for NK has improved but remains an issue. Future studies should use relevant, current validated NK tools or validate tools in their study population. More research is needed into the relationship between NK and other modifiable factors influencing dietary intake.
Automated summative feedback improves performance and retention in simulation training of mastoidectomy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Frithioff A , Frendø M , von Buchwald J Hastrup , Trier Mikkelsen P , Sølvsten Sørensen M , Arild Wuyts Andersen S
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of automated metrics-based summative feedback on performance, retention and cognitive load in distributed virtual reality simulation training of mastoidectomy.

Method

Twenty-four medical students were randomised in two groups and performed 15 mastoidectomies on a distributed virtual reality simulator as practice. The intervention group received additional summative metrics-based feedback; the control group followed standard instructions. Two to three months after training, participants performed a retention test without learning supports.

Results

The intervention group had a better final-product score (mean difference = 1.0 points; p = 0.001) and metrics-based score (mean difference = 12.7; p < 0.001). At retention, the metrics-based score for the intervention group remained superior (mean difference = 6.9 per cent; p = 0.02). Also at the retention, cognitive load was higher in the intervention group (mean difference = 10.0 per cent; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Summative metrics-based feedback improved performance and lead to a safer and faster performance compared with standard instructions and seems a valuable educational tool in the early acquisition of temporal bone skills.
Breeding of Cory's shearwaterCalonectris borealison Selvagem Grande and beneficial effects of removal of invasive mammals
Authors: Zino F. , Biscoito M. , Buckle A.
Published: October 2021

The largest colony of Cory's shearwaterCalonectris borealisnests on the island of Selvagem Grande in the north-eastern Atlantic. In 2002, a programme of eradication was conducted to remove two alien invasive mammals, the house mouseMus musculusand European rabbitOryctolagus cuniculus. Preliminary studies recorded beneficial effects of the eradications for a variety of plant and animal species, including Cory's shearwater. We recorded fledging rates of shearwaters for 1982–2001, prior to the eradication, and for 2002–2020, after the eradication, from two quadrats, each containing 134–329 nest sites. Although there was annual fluctuation in fledging rates in the quadrats, the mean rate of 40.74 ±SD 3.92 fledglings per 100 nest sites for the two quadrats combined prior to the eradication of mammals increased significantly, to 52.88 ± SD 5.03 per 100 nest sites, after the eradications. Because the two mammals were removed synchronously it is difficult to know which factors depressed fledging of Cory's shearwaters on Selvagem Grande. However, the predatory behaviour of house mice on other oceanic islands, and the fact that increased fledging was seen soon after the eradications occurred, suggest predation by house mice on shearwater hatchlings was the main cause of losses.
A new species ofEchinostoma(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the ‘revolutum’ group found in Brazil: refuting the occurrence ofEchinostoma miyagawai(=E. robustum) in the Americas
Authors: Valadão Marisa C. , López-Hernández Danimar , Alves Philippe V. , Pinto Hudson A.
Published: October 2021

AlthoughEchinostoma robustum(currently a synonym ofE. miyagawai) was reported in the Americas based on molecular data, morphological support on adult parasites is still required. Herein, a new species ofEchinostomais described based on worms found in a chicken from Brazil. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 28S (1063 bp), ITS (947 bp) and Nad-1 (442 bp) datasets reveal the inclusion of the new species withinEchinostoma‘revolutum’ species complex. Moreover, it was verified the conspecificity between cercariae previously identified asE. robustumin Brazil [identical ITS and only 0.3% of divergence (1 nucleotide) in Nad-1]. Species discovery analyses show that these two isolates form an independent lineage (species) amongEchinostomaspp. Compared toE. miyagawai, the new species presents relatively high divergence in Nad-1 (7.88–9.09%). Morphologically, the specimens are distinguished from all nominal species from the ‘revolutum’ species complex by the more posterior position of the testes (length of post-testicular field as a proportion of body length about 20%). They further differ fromE. miyagawaiand South AmericanEchinostomaspp. by the higher proportion of forebody to the body length. Therefore, combined molecular and morphological evidence supports the proposal of the species named here asEchinostoma pseudorobustumsp. nov.