bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Resin Fractions from Pistacia lentiscus L. var. Chia in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Georgantopoulos Achilleas , Kalousi Foteini D. , Pollastro Federica , Tsialtas Ioannis , Kalogiouri Natasa P. , Psarra Anna-Maria G.
Published: February 2025

Chios mastiha is the natural aromatic resin of Pistacia lentiscus L. var. Chia, Anacardiaceae, which is exclusively cultivated in the southern part of the Greek island of Chios. Chios mastiha (P. lenticonus/Chios mastiha) is well-known for its distinctive taste and aroma and has been known since ancient times due to its healing properties in gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders and because of its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. In this study, the chemical composition, applying LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, and the antioxidant activities of three different polarity P. lenticonus/Chios mastiha fractions, apolar, medium polar, and polar, were characterized in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Chemical analysis of the fractions unveiled new components of P. lenticonus/Chios mastiha, mainly fatty acids compounds, known for their antioxidant activity and regulatory effects on lipid metabolism. By applying the MTT assay and confocal microscopy analysis, we showed that P. lenticonus/Chios mastiha fractions, especially the apolar and medium polar fractions, enriched in triterpenes and fatty acids, caused suppression of the H2O2-induced reduction in cell viability, ROS production, and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that apolar fraction, enriched in fatty acids, induced expression of the PPARα, which is well-known for its antioxidant activities and its crucial role in lipid metabolism. Induction of PPARα, a GR target gene, was also accompanied by an increase in GR protein levels. Enhanced antioxidant activities of the apolar fraction may be correlated with its chemical composition, enriched in fatty acids and triterpenoids. Thus, our results indicate the neuroprotective actions of P. lenticonus/Chios mastiha fractions, highlighting their potential application as neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative diseases.
The Impact of Immunomodulatory Components Used in Clinical Nutrition—A Narrative Review
Authors: Raczyńska Aleksandra , Leszczyńska Teresa , Skotnicki Piotr , Koronowicz Aneta
Published: February 2025

Background: Malnutrition is a clinical condition that leads to unfavourable changes in health. It affects 35–55% of hospitalized patients, and in the case of cancer, this prevalence rises to 40–90% of patients. Screening nutritional status is essential for preventing undernutrition, which is crucial as its treatment. Undernutrition in patients after severe injuries significantly increases catabolic changes. Cytokines and hormones, such as epinephrine, glucagon, and cortisol, are released, which can increase energy expenditure by 50%. Properly conducted nutritional treatment aims to maintain or improve the nutritional status of patients whose nutrition with a natural diet is insufficient, moreover, in some cases, treatment of the underlying disease. Methods: This study is a narrative review focused on immunonutrition. The search for source articles, mainly from the last 10 years, was conducted in the PubMed and Google Schoolar databases, as well as in printed books. The key words used were “malnutrition”, “inflammation”, “clinical nutrition”, “immunomodulatory components”, “nutritional status assessment”, “enteral nutrition”, “parenteral nutrition”, and their combinations. Results: Providing substances such as omega-3 fatty acids, glutamine, arginine, nucleotides, antioxidants, and prebiotic fiber has a beneficial impact on immunological and anti-inflammatory pathways. The above-mentioned ingredients may inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activate anti-inflammatory cytokines, stimulate immune cells, and have a beneficial effect in allergic diseases, respiratory infections, or wound healing. Conslusion: Immunonutrition can be administrated via oral, enteral, and parenteral routes. It is crucial to highlight the importance of proper nutritional status in patients. The relationship between inflammation and malnutrition creates a vicious cycle, where one negatively affects the other due to increased metabolic demand, loss of appetite, weakened immune system, and gut dysbiosis.
Assessment of Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Cardiology Patients, Considering Differences Between Individuals with Hypertension and Atherosclerosis and Those Without These Conditions
Authors: Sapała Anna-Maria , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Kiciak Agata , Kardas Marek
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Proper nutrition and correct habits and behaviours are crucial elements in the treatment and prevention of hypertension or atherosclerosis. This study aims to assess the nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, and nutritional status of cardiology patients, particularly those with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Methods: The study was conducted at St. Barbara Regional Specialized Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec from January to June 2021. It included 301 patients, 51.2% women (N = 154) and 48.8% men (N = 147), who were assessed for Body Mass Index, Nutritional Risk Score, and morphological and biochemical test results. Their knowledge and dietary habits were examined using a questionnaire and rating scale designed by the authors. While the study encompassed all cardiology patients, a subgroup analysis specifically examined individuals diagnosed with hypertension and/or atherosclerosis. Results: 80% of the respondents showed above-normal body weight, while there were no significant differences in the risk of malnutrition according to the Nutritional Risk Score. The diet analysis revealed insufficient intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, dairy, whole grains, and fish, while the consumption of salty snacks, sweetened beverages, energy drinks, and alcohol was low. Analysis of morphology and biochemistry results showed no significant differences between patients with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and others. Conclusions: The study reveals insufficient nutritional knowledge and poor dietary habits among cardiology patients, highlighting the need for targeted education to improve dietary behaviours and reduce cardiovascular risks. Implementing nutrition-focused interventions in cardiology care could enhance patient outcomes. Future research should explore the long-term effects of dietary education and identify effective strategies for behavioural change in this population.
The Nutritional Status of Patients with Heart Failure and Its Impact on Patient’ Outcomes—The Center’s Own Experience
Authors: Świątoniowska-Lonc Natalia , Mak Marek Aureliusz , Klausa Filip , Ściborski Krzysztof , Banasiak Waldemar , Doroszko Adrian
Published: February 2025

Background. The nutritional status of patients in hospitals has a significant impact on the effectiveness of treatment, the occurrence of complications, and the length of hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with heart failure (HF) and its impact on patient outcomes. Material and Methods. This study included 213 patients (153 men, 71.8%) aged 74.7 ± 14.3 years treated for HF at the cardiology clinic of the 4th Military Clinical Hospital between 2018 and 2021. Sociodemographics, clinical data, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), CHILD-PUGH, and the Nutritional Risk Score (NRS) were analyzed. Results. Patients at high nutritional risk (NRS ≥ 3 score) were older (85 years vs. 75 years; p < 0.001), had longer hospitalizations (12 days vs. 9 days, p = 0.027), lower hemoglobin (10.5 g/dL vs. 11.7 g/dL, p = 0.001), lower TIBC (292 vs. 336; p = 0.012), and iron (32 mg/nL vs. 39 ng/mL, p = 0.009) compared with patients at low risk (NRS < 3 score). Patients hospitalized ≤7 days had significantly lower CHILD-PUGH score compared with patients hospitalized >7 days. Patients hospitalized ≥14 days were significantly more likely to die compared with other groups of HF patients (10.6% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.004). Conclusions. Abnormal nutritional status among hospitalized HF patients is associated with longer hospitalization duration and higher rates of death. In addition to clinical factors, the CHILD-PUGH scale can be helpful in estimating the length of hospitalization of HF patients. It is necessary to determine the impact of nutritional status on the outcome of patients with heart failure in further multicenter prospective or interventional studies.
A Neutropenic Diet in Haemato-Oncological Patients Receiving High-Dose Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jahns Luise , Hübner Jutta , Mensger Christina , Mathies Viktoria
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Although the benefits of low-germ diets for patients are increasingly being questioned, their application in practice is widespread. The aim of this review is to summarise the current data and evaluate the effectiveness of the neutropenic diet (ND) in adult haemato-oncological patients to provide a basis for practical guidelines. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases (Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid) and Cochrane CENTRAL) to identify English and German randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effectiveness of an ND in adult haematological patients. The main endpoints were fever and systemic infections, gastrointestinal (GI) infections, mortality, nutritional status and hospitalisation length. Results: A total of five RCTs with 510 adult patients were included in this systematic review. All patients received high-dose chemotherapy in order to treat haemato-oncological malignancies. None of the analysed endpoints showed a significant advantage of the ND compared to the control group. Conclusions: An ND does not have a beneficial effect on infection rates, GI health, mortality or hospitalisation length for haemato-oncological patients. On the contrary, an ND tends to negatively affect the patient’s nutritional status; therefore, an adaption in clinical routine should take place.
A Warming World, a Growing Threat: The Spread of Ticks and Emerging Tick-Borne Diseases
Authors: Tonk-Rügen Miray , Kratou Myriam , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: February 2025

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arachnids that play a critical role in transmitting a wide array of pathogens to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife [...]
Distinct Regional Pattern of Sedative Psychotropic Drug Use in South Tyrol: A Comparison with National Trends in Italy
Authors: Wiedermann Christian J. , Sangermano Katia , Marino Pasqualina , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Engl Adolf , Piccoliori Giuliano
Published: February 2025

This study investigated regional variations in the use of sedative psychotropic medications, often prescribed for insomnia, by comparing Italy and the culturally distinct Autonomous Province of Bolzano, South Tyrol. Using daily defined dose (DDD) data per 1000 inhabitants per day, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, sedative antidepressants, and melatonin consumption from 2019 to 2023 were examined. The findings indicate a notably lower utilization of benzodiazepines in South Tyrol compared to the national Italian average, alongside a significant increase in sedative antidepressant use, particularly mirtazapine. These disparities likely stem from regional prescribing preferences influenced by cultural, linguistic, and healthcare system factors. While Z-drug consumption remained comparable across regions, melatonin use exhibited a gradual upward trend, albeit less pronounced in South Tyrol. These insights emphasize the necessity for region-specific strategies in optimizing insomnia treatment, balancing pharmacological approaches with non-pharmacological alternatives such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Understanding these prescribing trends can inform healthcare policies aimed at reducing long-term sedative use while enhancing patient-centered care in sleep medicine.
Enhancement of Charging Performance of Micromaser Quantum Battery via Classical Driving Field and Optical Parametric Amplifier
Authors: Zuo Jia , Huang Sumei , Deng Li , Chen Aixi
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a scheme where the charging performance of micromaser quantum batteries can be improved. Our physical system includes a quantized cavity field interacting with a series of identical two-level atoms one by one. In order to improve the performance of the battery, two methods are introduced: one is using a controlling field to drive atoms, and the other is placing OPA crystals in the cavity. Under these different methods, we discuss the influence of different parameters on battery capacity. Finally, combining the two methods for charging yields better results than using either of them alone. These protocols are found to be stable and robust, and most of the stored energy in the quantum batteries can be extracted for work. Our scheme has a potential applications in quantum energy storage devices.
Effects of Long-Term Vegetation Restoration on Green Water Utilization Heterogeneity in the Loess Plateau Based on Field Experiments and Modeling
Authors: Wang Long , Song Xiaoyu , Liu Yu , Li Lanjun , Zhao Xinkai , Meng Pengfei , Fu Chong , Wei Wanyin , Wang Xuwu , Li Huaiyou
Published: February 2025

Due to the differences in the green water (GW) budget patterns of different vegetation, improper vegetation restoration may not only fail to improve the ecological environment but also cause irreversible damage to ecologically vulnerable areas, especially when vegetation restoration continues to be implemented in the future, and the pressure on water scarcity increases further. However, there is a lack of standardized research on the differences in the patterns of recharge, consumption, and efficient use of GW in typical vegetation. This makes the research results vary and cannot provide direct support for water management decision-making. Therefore, in this study, 30-year-old woodlands (R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis) and two typical grasslands (I. cylindrican and M. sativa) that are similar to each other except for species were selected in a headwater catchment in the rain-fed agricultural area. A new GW concept and assessment framework was constructed to study the GW of long-term revegetation using a combination of field experiments and model simulations during the 2019–2020 growing season. The study findings comprise the following: (1) High-efficiency green water (GWH), low-efficiency green water (GWL), ineffective green water (GWI), and available green water storage (GWA) in the four sample plots during the study period were defined, separated, and compared. (2) An analysis of GWA variations under different water scenarios. (3) The establishment of GWH and GWL thresholds. (4) Strategies to reduce GWI and optimize GW potential while maintaining soil erosion prevention measures. (5) Suggestions for vegetation restoration species based on diverse factors. This research enhances comprehension of the impact of vegetation restoration on green water dynamics in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the rain-fed agricultural zone of the Loess Plateau.
Yield Performance of Super Hybrid Rice Grown in Subtropical Environments at a Similar Latitude but Different Altitudes in Southwest China
Authors: Jiang Peng , Wang Dingbing , Zhang Lin , Zhou Xingbing , Liu Mao , Xiong Hong , Guo Xiaoyi , Zhu Yongchuan , Guo Changchun , Xu Fuxian
Published: February 2025

Investigating the variation in and key factors influencing the yield of super hybrid rice cultivated at different altitudes but within the same latitude provides valuable insights for further improvements in super hybrid rice grain yields. Field and pot experiments were conducted using four rice varieties at the following two altitudinal locations in Sichuan Province, China: Hanyuan (high, 1000 m) and Luxian (low, 300 m). The results indicated that Hanyuan achieved an average grain yield of 13.89 t ha−1 in paddy fields, with yields being from 63.6% to 94.2% higher than those at Luxian in the field experiments and from 10.8% to 68.0% higher in the pot experiments. The grain yield was consistently higher in the soil from Hanyuan compared to that from Luxian at the same sites. In the field experiments, the grain yield was influenced by location (L), plant density (P), and variety (V), but there were no significant interactions between these factors. In the pot experiments, the grain yield was significantly impacted by L, soil (S), and the interaction between L and S. Climatic factors, which varied with the altitude of the planting site, played a crucial role in achieving optimal yields of the super hybrid rice. Hanyuan exhibited more cumulative solar radiation with a longer growth duration and lower temperatures and higher soil fertility compared to Luxian. The higher grain yield observed at Hanyuan was linked to increases in panicle numbers, spikelets per panicle, grain filling, pre- and post-heading biomass production, and the harvest index. The variations in biomass production between Hanyuan and Luxian were largely due to differences in pre- and post-heading crop growth rates (CGRs) and pre-heading radiation use efficiency (RUE), which were influenced by differences in the maximum and minimum temperatures and cumulative solar radiation. This study indicated that the differences in the grain yield of super hybrid rice across various ecological sites are primarily influenced by altitude and soil fertility, and further enhancement of the grain yield can be achieved by concurrently increasing biomass production before and after heading through improvements in pre- and post-heading CGR.
Impact of Climate and Soil on Plant Dynamics and Ecosystem Stability in Argan Orchards
Authors: Telmoudi Maryem , Afi Chaima , Chabbi Naima , Labbassi Said , Oumasst Assma , Ouknin Mohamed , Bouharroud Rachid , Mimouni Abdelaziz , El Kaoua Mimoun , Hsissou Driss , Tahiri Abdelghani , Aabd Naima Ait
Published: February 2025

Assessing the impact of natural disturbances on plant biodiversity is crucial amid biodiversity loss and climate change. Research highlights dynamic shifts driven by environmental factors, climate change, and human activity, emphasizing the need to maintain ecosystem stability for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study, conducted between 2021 and 2023, focused on the dynamics of plant communities in argan tree reserve areas. Six argan orchards were selected as study sites for detailed investigation. A total of 82 species belonging to 25 families were identified, with 23 families documented in 2021 and 21 families in 2023, including six endemic species to Morocco (Frankenialaevis subsp. velutina, Ononisnatrix subsp. arganietorum, Rumex papilio, Andryala integrifolia subsp. cedretorum, Chiliadenushesperius, and Reseda difussa). The majority of the plants present in the study area were annual and biennial herbaceous types, exhibiting minimal seasonal stability within the plant communities. However, how communities respond to the effects of fluctuating disturbances remains unclear. This study explores the indirect effects of natural disturbances on community metrics in argan orchards, assessing plant diversity, biomass, and density across different orchard types. It highlights the influence of climate, soil properties, and biotic interactions on plant community dynamics. We utilized alpha diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Pielou’s, and Margalef’s) and beta diversity indices (Jaccard and Sorenson Similarity) to examine these patterns. Seasonal changes were predominantly influenced by temperature and precipitation, while diverse soil types shaped by relief, climate, and water balance contributed to different ecological functions. The key findings indicated the highest plant diversity in “Tioughza” and the most significant plant density in “Imoulass” and “Ezzaouite”. Soil nutrients (N, C, and P) showed a positive correlation with plant biomass, highlighting their vital role in biomass accumulation, whereas temperature, C/N ratio, and loam percentage were found to be crucial for plant richness. Mixed modeling revealed a significant relation between density and biomass, but no significant effect between alpha diversity (Shannon Index) and elevation. This study concludes that soil texture and climate significantly shape the relationships between diversity, biomass, and density, recommending further research into interactions among plant diversity, cover, biomass, and soil fertility to support the sustainable management of argan orchards.
Assessment of the Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Stalk Incorporation on Soil Fertility and Bacterial Biodiversity
Authors: Huang Fan , Wang Chunmei , Raza Sajjad , Yao Guangfeng , Xue Lihua , Liang Yinku , Zhao Xiaoning
Published: February 2025

The lone application of ammonium fertilizer is one of the most commonly used measures to supplement soil nutrients. At the same time, it also causes soil acidification and leads to many environmental problems, such as soil degradation and eutrophication. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) stalk (RGS) returning has been widely researched for its benefits related to soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yields. However, few have researched the effects of the incorporation of RGS mixed with ammonium fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and the bacterial community composition. We incubated soil with the control (N0); ammonium sulfate (AS); and ammonium sulfate combined with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% (rate of the dry soil weight) garlic stalk at 25 °C and 60% water-filled pore spaces (WFPS) for 67 days. We measured the soil properties before and on the last day of the experiment. The results showed that adding RGS increased the contents of soil potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and total nitrogen (TN), but it significantly decreased soil nitrate (NO3−). In addition, adding RGS increased the relative abundance of r-strategists and the soil r/K ratio. The α diversity of soil bacteria reached the highest value with 3% treatment. Compared to AS, RGS increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria but decreased that of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The function genes of Replication_and_Repair and Cell_Motility were enhanced after adding AS, while the function genes of Metabolism_of_Other_Amino_Acids, Enzyme_Families, and Metabolism were enhanced with increased RGS rates. Although SOC increased, NO3− significantly decreased with the increase in the returning levels, which could be due to the strong decreases in nitrifying bacteria with increases in RGS rates from 3% to 5%. Therefore, adding RGS at 3% is suitable for soil bacterial biodiversity and nutrient balance.
CDW-Based Geopolymers: Pro and Cons of Using Unselected Waste
Authors: Capasso Ilaria , D’Angelo Gigliola , del Río Merino Mercedes , Campanile Assunta , Caputo Domenico , Liguori Barbara
Published: February 2025

Geopolymer technology is considered a strategic alternative for recycling construction and demolition waste (CDW) and to produce new construction products which meet the requirements of environmental and energy sustainability. The separation and management of CDW fractions is still a technological complex process and, even if large-scale separation technology is quite common, the necessity to perform this treatment may reduce the environmental and economic benefits of CDW reuse. So, a very promising option is represented by the manufacturing of geopolymers using unseparated CDW. In this aim, waste deriving from cement-based mortars, bricks and natural stones have been selected and widely characterized from a mineralogical, chemical and morphological point of view. Then, geopolymer mortars were produced using several amounts of either a single fraction or a mixture of the selected waste. The chemical, physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization of the geopolymer-produced mortars was carried out to assess how the combination and different quantities of the mixed CDW affected the final properties. In particular, geopolymeric mortars produced from the unselected CDW showed higher mechanical properties, despite the lower apparent density, when compared to geopolymeric mortars produced from single fractions of CDW. The improvement of mechanical features seems to be not affected by the waste amount used, providing encouraging findings to promote the actual use of unseparated CDW with the resulting enhancement of environmental and economic benefits.
In Situ Crystalline Growth ZnS Nanoparticles on Conjugated Polymer for Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Liu Baotong , Li Xuelian , Zhang Long , Ma Chenghai , Chen Ying , Wang Xinyu , Wei Hongli , Wang Pengfei
Published: February 2025

Photocatalysis is an important means of realizing the efficient use of solar energy and alleviating energy consumption and environmental pollution. This work used a simple solvothermal synthesis method to prepare a series of zinc sulfide/sulfur-doped polyimide (ZnS/SPI) direct Z-type heterostructured photocatalysts. ZnS/SPI heterostructured photocatalysts have better photogenerated electron–hole pairs separation and wider visible light absorption region. The effect of ZnS on the properties of ZnS/SPI composites, such as morphology, structure, and optoelectronic properties, was systematically investigated by a series of characterization tests. These results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the ZnS/SPI composite was significantly improved compared with SPI. The 10ZnS/SPI composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production rate under full irradiation (216.9 µmol/g/h), which was about 2.8 times higher than that of SPI (76.6 µmol/g/h). Moreover, it has a high stability over a long period in the photocatalytic process. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the ZnS/SPI heterojunction is mainly due to the close contact between the ZnS nanoparticles and the SPI interface, which improves the charge separation and reduces the complexation rate of electron–hole. This work shows that the formation of ZnS/SPI composites Z-type heterojunction can effectively enhance the activity of polymer photocatalysts.
Analysis of Crushing Performance of Toothed Double-Roll Crusher for Coal Particle Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Chen Zeren , Wang Guoqiang , Lei Zhengjie , Xue Duomei , Liu Zhengbin
Published: February 2025

The large toothed double-roll crusher, as key crushing equipment for open pit mines, is very necessary to analyse its crushing performance at different feed particle sizes, compressive strengths of coal, and rotation speeds of toothed rollers. Firstly, a toothed double-roll crusher is taken as the research object in this paper; the coupling simulation model of the toothed double-roll crusher based on the DEM-MBD and Ab-T10 breakage model is constructed. The validity of the coupling simulation model is verified through the actual measurement data. On this basis, the crushing performance under variable factors is analysed by integrating comprehensive tests. The results show that the rotation speed of the toothed roller is the main influence factor on the crushing performance of the toothed double-roll crusher when it works at 25~33.3 r/min. With the increase in compressive strength of coal, the productivity decreases, and this phenomenon disappears gradually at 33.3~42 r/min. Further, a 5–20% increase in the large size of the coal particles can improve 10% crushing quality with a discharge size lower than 300 mm and approximately 25% productivity of the toothed double-roll crusher. Finally, the power density is reduced as the mass percentage of large-sized coal particles increases, and this phenomenon is weakened with the increase in the compressive strength of coal.
Dynamic Camera Planning for Robot-Integrated Manufacturing Processes Using a UAV
Authors: Boshoff Marius , Kuhlenkötter Bernd , Koslowski Paul
Published: February 2025

The optimal viewpoint for monitoring robotic production processes is crucial for maintenance, inspection, and error handling, especially in large-scale production facilities, as it maximizes visual information. This paper presents a method for dynamic camera planning using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), enabling collision-free operation and measurable, high perspective coverage for a user-defined Region of Interest (ROI). Therefore, optimal viewpoints are searched with a greedy search algorithm and a decision for the optimal viewpoint is derived. The method is implemented within a simulation framework in Unity and evaluated in a robotic palletizing application. Results show that the use of a UAV as dynamic camera achieves up to twice the perspective coverage during continuous flight compared to the current capabilities of static cameras.
A Satellite Individual Identification Method Based on a Complex-Valued Conditional Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: He Jun , Xu Can , Yin Canbin , Li Pengju , Li Jishun , Zhao Shuailong , Zhang Yasheng
Published: February 2025

With the help of specific emitter identification (SEI), the control efficiency of the satellite communication systems can be effectively improved by discriminating the individual satellite. In recent years, deep learning has been introduced into SEI to enhance identification performance because of its powerful classification capability. However, classical real-valued neural networks exhibit some limitations in extracting the radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) features from complex signals, limiting the improvement of identification accuracy. Thus, we proposed a complex-valued conditional adversarial generative network (CC-GAN) which can directly deal with complex signals. Through adversarial learning between the generator and the discriminator, the generator implements direct mapping from the dynamic noisy signals to the noise-free signals. In addition, an auxiliary classifier is introduced into the discriminator to make the discriminator able to label the sample, which effectively compress the proposed model. The experimental results for a signal dataset collected in a real environment demonstrated that the proposed model is superior to the traditional denoising methods in denoising performance, which effectively improves the identification accuracy under dynamic noises. Furthermore, the proposed model outperforms other deep learning models in terms of identification performance under various SNRs, which can effectively improve the robustness and adaptability of the SEI system for communication satellites in dynamic noisy environments.
Mapping Burned Forest Areas in Western Yunnan, China, Using Multi-Source Optical Imagery Integrated with Simple Non-Iterative Clustering Segmentation and Random Forest Algorithms in Google Earth Engine
Authors: Chen Yue , Kou Weili , Miao Wenna , Yin Xiong , Gao Jiayue , Zhuang Weiyu
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to accurately map burned forest areas and analyze the spatial distribution of forest fires under complex terrain conditions. This study integrates Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, and MODIS data to map burned forest areas in the complex terrain of western Yunnan. A machine learning workflow was developed on Google Earth Engine by combining Dynamic World land cover data with official fire records, utilizing a logistic regression-based feature selection strategy and an enhanced SNIC segmentation GEOBIA framework. The performance of four classifiers (RF, SVM, KNN, CART) in burn detection was evaluated through a comparative analysis of their spectral–spatial discrimination capabilities. The results indicated that the RF classifier achieved the highest performance, with an overall accuracy of 96.32% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.951. Spatial analysis further revealed that regions at medium altitudes (800–1600 m) and moderate slopes (15–25°) are more prone to forest fires. This study demonstrates a robust approach for generating accurate large-scale forest fire maps and provides valuable insights for effective fire management in complex terrain areas.
A VMD-SVM Method for LEO Satellite Orbit Prediction with Space Weather Parameters
Authors: Xu Hao , Liao Jiahao , Luo Yufei , Meng Yunhe
Published: February 2025

The technology of satellite orbit prediction (OP) is crucial in space engineering. However, it is difficult to precisely predict medium and long-term orbit for the low Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites because of time-varying space weather and inaccurate atmospheric density models. To address the problem, a novel intelligent OP method based on the variational mode decomposition-support vector machine (VMD-SVM) framework is presented. First, the concept of a pseudo-drag coefficient is defined, transforming the OP problem into a pseudo-drag coefficient prediction problem. Second, the relationship between space weather parameters and the pseudo-drag coefficient is analyzed using the VMD method, from which a strong correlation is shown. Furthermore, an SVM model combined with space weather characteristic parameters is employed to predict the pseudo-drag coefficient, significantly improving the precision of OP when further integrated into the orbital dynamics model. Experiments with data from engineering applications show that VMD-SVM medium and long-term OP technology is practical and effective.
Multi-Factor Deep Learning Model for Sea Surface Temperature Forecasting
Authors: Yang Yuting , Lam Kin-Man , Dong Junyu , Ju Yakun
Published: February 2025

Accurately predicting sea surface temperature (SST) is crucial for marine environmental monitoring and climate research. However, existing ocean model approaches often struggle to capture complex spatiotemporal patterns and are limited by their reliance on thermodynamic equations to impose oceanographic constraints. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-sensor SST prediction model that integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and an attention mechanism to directly incorporate physical variables such as temperature, salinity, density, and current velocity. By bypassing the need for explicit physical equation constraints, our model effectively learns complex relationships from multi-source data. Experimental results show that our approach significantly improves predictive accuracy across various ocean regions, providing a robust solution for both short-term and long-term SST forecasting.
Special Issue “Challenges and Future Trends of Magnetic Sensors”
Authors: Kurlyandskaya Galina V.
Published: February 2025

In recent years, “sensor materials” have become a hot research topic in the field of applied research and industrial applications [...]
Gait Spatio-Temporal Parameters Vary Significantly Between Indoor, Outdoor and Different Surfaces
Authors: Brognara Lorenzo , Arceri Alberto , Zironi Marco , Traina Francesco , Faldini Cesare , Mazzotti Antonio
Published: February 2025

Human gait is usually studied in clinical environments, but wearable devices have extended gait analysis beyond traditional assessments. Older adults tend to walk differently indoors and outdoors; however, most gait assessments are conducted on indoor surfaces. It is therefore important to evaluate gait in various outdoor environments. Insights gained from these assessments significantly enhance our understanding of the impact of environmental factors on gait performance and ensure that clinical evaluations are effectively aligned with everyday locomotion. A total of 100 participants with foot pain, 38 young (18–45 years) and 62 older adults (65–80 years), completed a 10-Metre Walk Test (10MWT) in three randomised conditions at their typical, comfortable walking pace, including (1) 10MWT of indoor walking, (2) 10MWT of outdoor walking on grass and (3) 10MWT of outdoor walking on a sidewalk. Wearable inertial sensors recorded gait data and the magnitudes of the following gait measures: gait speed, cadence, stride length, stride duration and asymmetry. A statistical analysis using ANOVA and post hoc comparisons revealed a significantly lower gait speed (p < 0.001), lower stride length (p < 0.001) and lower asymmetry (p < 0.001) indoors compared to outdoors, demonstrating that environmental factors significantly affect spatio-temporal gait parameters. Wearable sensor-based gait analysis performed in controlled clinical settings may underestimate real-life conditions. Some important spatio-temporal parameters, useful in detecting people with gait impairment and at risk of falling, are significantly affected by environment and individual postural ability more than demographic factors.
Insulator Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv11n
Authors: Zhao Junmei , Miao Shangxiao , Kang Rui , Cao Longkun , Zhang Liping , Ren Yifeng
Published: February 2025

Ensuring the reliability and safety of electrical power systems requires the efficient detection of defects in high-voltage transmission line insulators, which play a critical role in electrical isolation and mechanical support. Environmental factors often lead to insulator defects, highlighting the need for accurate detection methods. This paper proposes an enhanced defect detection approach based on a lightweight neural network derived from the YOLOv11n architecture. Key innovations include a redesigned C3k2 module that incorporates multidimensional dynamic convolutions (ODConv) for improved feature extraction, the introduction of Slimneck to reduce model complexity and computational cost, and the application of the WIoU loss function to optimize anchor box handling and to accelerate convergence. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing models like YOLOv8 and YOLOv10 in precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP), while maintaining low computational complexity. This approach provides a promising solution for real-time, high-accuracy insulator defect detection, enhancing the safety and reliability of power transmission systems.
Where There’s Smoke, There’s Fire: Gang Prevention from a Top-Down Perspective
Authors: Kolb Abigail F. , Kolb William J. , Favors Michael
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a top-down approach to gang prevention, emphasizing the importance of addressing the complex structural conditions that accumulate to foster gang activity. In the title, we use the metaphor of “smoke” to represent the underlying structural conditions that are often overlooked or ignored, while “fire” symbolizes the resulting consequences of this neglect—specifically, gangs and gang violence. The authors argue that factors such as poverty, poor education, and racialized housing policies have created environments conducive to gang membership and violence. These structural inequities not only create fertile ground for gang activity but also trickle down to affect communities, as well as youth on an individual level, leading to trauma, multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and, in some cases, long-term offending. This paper also underscores the importance of addressing individual agency as well as recognizing that empowering youths to make choices outside of the constraints imposed by their environments is crucial for effective prevention. By examining broader structural issues, this paper highlights the need for comprehensive solutions that go beyond grassroots efforts. We critique current legislative measures and propose that effective gang prevention must tackle the root causes embedded in America’s socio-economic and political systems, as most gang prevention programs fail to address the institutional frameworks that contribute to individuals’ propensity to join, leave, or remain in gangs.
Rule Modification’s Effects on the Feedback Type Given by Coaches at Young Football Levels
Authors: Martinez-Jiménez Lidia , Birrento-Aguiar Ricardo André , Marco-Cramer Verónica , Ortega-Toro Enrique
Published: February 2025

Background: An adapted competition should create a favourable environment to tailor the feedback provided to the needs of young athletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of rule modification on the type of feedback given by coaches to young football players. Method: The study sample consisted of four under-10 male coaches from four Spanish teams. The analysis was conducted using a quasi-experimental A-B design, in which two tournaments were played: Tournament 1 with the official Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) rules and Tournament 2 with rule modifications. All the feedback provided by the group of coaches during the two tournaments was recorded, yielding a total of 4.386 for Tournament 1 and 3.728 for Tournament 2. Results: The results showed that in both tournaments, the predominant feedback from the coaches was individual, prescriptive, affective, and non-valuable. However, they indicated that the orientation of the feedback and its autonomy positively varied during the adapted competition. The data obtained align with the results of other studies on the type of feedback given by coaches, despite some differing from scientific recommendations. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the modified rule competition promoted changes in the type of feedback provided by the coaches.
Improving Small Parcel Delivery Efficiency and Sustainability: A Study of Lithuanian Private Delivery Company
Authors: Čižiūnienė Kristina , Draugelytė Greta , Sokolovskij Edgar , Matijošius Jonas
Published: February 2025

The paper provides an in-depth investigation of techniques for improving small parcel delivery services in a private logistics company, addressing significant difficulties in customer logistics service, particularly in the growing e-commerce industry. The study addresses a gap in the existing literature by assessing 170 documented customer complaints, with an emphasis on recurring issues such as improper delivery, delays, and damaged parcels. The methodological approach uses statistical tools to determine the magnitude of delivery challenges, integrating a review of the scientific literature with real data analysis. There are 28% complaints about faulty delivery and 26% about delays, according to the statistics. It is clear that systemic improvements are urgently needed. One strategy to improve service reliability and efficiency is to use automation technologies, such as drones, smart route optimization systems, and constant human training programs. While ensuring operational sustainability, these strategies aim to address the underlying causes of consumer dissatisfaction.
Long-Term Clustering Analysis of Construction Land Reclamation in Hangzhou: Patterns and Impacts
Authors: Fang Ying , Fu Shihang , Shen Jiayan , Xu Junfang , Tang Fuping , Huang Longyang , Yu Huafen
Published: February 2025

Given the challenges of rapid urbanization and ecological degradation, construction land reclamation (CLR) has become one of the critical strategies for optimizing land use and balancing urban development with ecological preservation. However, the long-term impacts and patterns of CLR remain underexplored, necessitating a comprehensive analysis to inform sustainable land management practices. This study investigates the patterns and impacts of CLR in Hangzhou over a fifteen-year period (2006–2020). Using an improved K-means clustering algorithm, the study analyzes the land reclamation status of 199 streets, identifying nine distinct categories that reflect varying stages of urbanization, ecological protection, and land-use management. The results show a clear transition from rapid, large-scale reclamation during the early years to more targeted and sustainable reclamation efforts in later periods. The study’s innovation lies in its use of a long-term, time-series analysis at the street level, enhancing understanding of CLR dynamics and improving prediction accuracy by 11%. It emphasizes the importance of adaptive land management in balancing urban growth with ecological preservation and agricultural sustainability. The clustering analysis provides insights into the evolving urbanization process, with the highest concentration of construction land reclamation occurring along urban–rural boundaries. These findings offer valuable lessons for urban planning and sustainable urbanization strategies.
Improving Water Environment in Water Source Area of Dabie Mountains Based on Investigation of Farmers’ Garbage Stacking Behavior
Authors: Chen Ke , Guan Yabing , Bao Huawei , Liu Xiaolin , Yang Leyuan , Luo Delang , Zhang Xitong , Zhao Qingtao , Zhang Yanjun
Published: February 2025

The contradiction between ecological environment protection and economic development in the Yangtze River Basin has become increasingly prominent in recent years, which seriously limits the sustainable development of the basin. Research on water environment changes of the main tributaries of the Yangtze River helps explore measures to improve the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin. In this study, based on the theory of behavioral science in modern management, water quality data in the field were collected, and the farmers’ garbage stacking behavior was also investigated in the water source area of the Dabie Mountains. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen (AN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water bodies showed an overall negative correlation with the distance of water quality collection sites from the garbage stacking point. AN was the most important pollution element affecting the rural water quality in the water source area of the Dabie Mountains. The unsuitable garbage stacking locations and the farmers’ behavior of dumping garbage along the riverbanks were the important causes of water pollution. The garbage stacking locations were optimized and designed by using a GIS spatial analysis tool and a developed suitability evaluation model for the garbage stacking points. The optimized garbage stacking locations were more suitable for improving the local water environment, and their average suitability values increased to 2.01 times and 2.94 times that of the original stacking locations in Kanxiawan and Lengshuigou, respectively. This study can be used as a scientific and methodological reference for improving the rural water environment in the water source area of the Dabie Mountains and in other similar regions in the world.