bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research into the Path Evolution of Manufacturing in the Transitional Period in Mainland China
Authors: Chen Tao , Kang Li , Ma Zhengfeng , Zhu Zhiming
Published: April 2012

Manufacturing transition is an important part of industrial upgrading. At present, Chinese scholars study the problem of manufacturing chiefly from two perspectives: The first is to discuss the status quo of Chinese manufacturing from the perspective of industrial competitiveness, with countermeasures put forward against manufacturing upgrading. The second is to directly discuss the upgrading of manufacturing from the perspective of global value chain, with the following proposal put forward: Chinese manufacturing upgrading should stretch from the low end to both ends of value chain. In addition, a discussion is also made to the role of producer services in promoting manufacturing, and the role of governmental regulations in upgrading manufacturing. Although these two perspectives are rational, they have some defects: Both of them are based on the hypothesis that the institutional environment in which manufacturing lies is stationary, and manufacturing is considered and measured with systems as exogenous variables; so the impact of institutional environment on manufacturing upgrading is overlooked. Based on reviewing previous literature, this chapter analyzes and discusses the path evolution of manufacturing in the transitional period in mainland China.
Indicating Fields of Inequalities Regarding the Access to Health Benefits
Authors: Landa Krzysztof , Skóra Karolina
Published: April 2012

Restrictions to health services in Poland have been an inspiration to establish Watch Health Care Foundation (WHC). The fundamental disease of the system is namely the disproportion between the amount of the funds and the contents of the package. It causes everywhere the same ’symptoms’ and leads to the same pathological phenomena: queues and other forms of rationing (’guaranteed’) health benefits, corruption, making use of privileges. Foundation uses the potential of information society and available infrastructure (web portal http://www.watchealthcare.eu) and all activities are presented on the website with the aim of influencing the health care system. On the basis of reports of limited access to health services, a ranking is created at WHC web portal, which aims to show what the biggest gaps in access to health services are - this is the way of showing the patient and health care system needs and also one possible approach of continuous education of the health care services consumers targeted at health care systems improvement.
Ejector Influence on Performance of Ammonia Absorption Heat Pump System
Authors: Sheng Wei , Liu Xiu Fang , Chen Xiao Zhuan , Wang Hua
Published: April 2012

A single-effect ammonia absorption-ejection heat pump system is set up. Combined with T-S diagram, performance analysis is presented on the heat pump system with ejector or without ejector. The results show that, with the ejector coefficient equal to 0.5, and the cooling coefficient of performance of the single-effect ammonia absorption heat pump equal to 0.3, 0.45 and 1.45 can at least be gained for the heating coefficient of performance and the cooling coefficient of performance respectively. In this paper, relation curve diagram is also presented for the heating coefficient of performance of absorption-ejection heat pump system, the cooling coefficient of performance of single-effect absorption heat pump system and the ejector coefficient.
Parts Tolerance Allocation Based on Assembly Clearance Analysis and Product Functional Parameters
Authors: Zia Ahmad , Qiao Li Hong
Published: April 2012

Geometric tolerances are assigned to avoid parts rejection in a manufacturing process while ensuring fulfillment of intended function. Selection of tolerance value is an important task which affects the overall product cost and performance both. The significance of tolerance value is more evident in case of mating parts where the dimension of more than one parts share responsibility of successful assembly and design. The objective of this research is to determine appropriate tolerance value based on assembly clearance analysis which takes into account relationship between assembly clearance and product performance parameters. The study is conducted through CAD-CAE integrated finite element analysis (FEA) simulations of the product process model. The results output help in distinguishing different tolerance levels which can be further probed for optimal, using available manufacturing resource capability data. The research output is a more practical tolerance value achieved based on product performance analysis as well as available resources and appropriate cost. The results obtained validate the utility of the approach presented in this paper.
The Design of a System to Process Spacecrafts's Mechanical Analysis and Experiment Data
Authors: Liao Jing Ping , Wang Chun Jie
Published: April 2012

According to the structure and environment of the spacecrafts, its necessary to have mechanical experiments on them. Besides, analysis models are also required. The combination of experiments and analysis is useful. Analysis can guide experiments ,which will lead to improve the accuracy of experiments. At the same time, the experiment data can be used to update the models. Nowadays, analysis softwares are lack of capacity in post-processing, and they cant complete the task of contrasting analysis and experiment data. This paper designs a system which is based on MSC.Patran , Oracle and Java to solve that problem.
Study on Fine-Boring and Countersinking Processing Technology of Automotive Differential Shell
Authors: Xu Ming , Li Bao Feng , Su Hua Li
Published: April 2012

The differential is one of the key components of the car. It is a difficult process for differential shell to countersink and bore finely the I-typed hole. Combined with the compounded machine tool, precision countersink and fine boring process on the hole of differential shells was achieved under fixing once to reduce a number of clamping assembly error. It solved the fine-boring and countersinking processing problem of differential shell I-typed hole and improves processing efficiency and quality products.
Reconstruction Study on the Bellow of Blast Furnace in Liao Dynasty - A Case of the Iron Smelting Site at ShuiquanGou, Yanqing in Beijing
Authors: Huang Xing , Qian Wei
Published: April 2012

Based on historical documents and field survey, the wood bellow of No.3 iron smelting furnace in Liao Dynasty was reconstructed at Shuiquangou, Yanqing in Beijing. Its ultimate wind pressure and the speed were estimated. The ventilate ability for its portion was calculated respectively. Furthermore, the flow field in the furnace blasted with the wood bellow was simulated with software FLUENT. The effect on the iron smelting techniques for single-tuyere blast furnace with this blast ability of the bellow was discussed.
Three-Dimensional Surface Error Reconstruction and Ion Beam Figuring of Optical Hemisphere
Authors: Liao Wen Lin , Dai Yi Fan , Xie Xu Hui , Zhou Lin , Zheng Zi Wen , Xie Chao
Published: April 2012

This research is aiming at exploring a feasible machining method for ultra-high slope surface with deterministic figuring technology. We first successfully realize the nanometer-precision machining of optical hemispherical surface by using ion beam figuring (IBF) under the guidance of the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) surface error. For figuring such a high-slope surface, we proposed some technical details, the modified algorithm for dwell time, the nonlinear developing method of surface error and the stitching machining technology, to address some important problems in process. Simultaneity a fused silica hemispherical surface is figured with our proposed method on the experimental installation IBF700-5V developed by ourselves. The root-mean-square (RMS) surface error of this sample is reduced from 19.6 nm to 9.6 nm after four iterations and about 37.8min. The experimental results indicate that IBF is a technique of high efficiency for the nanometer-precision machining of high-slope surface.
FEA on Deformation Behavior of Glass Plate in Elastic Deformation Machining Process
Authors: Nguyen Duc Nam , Lv Bing Hai , Yuan Ju Long , Wu Zhe , Zhao Ping
Published: April 2012

Deformation behavior; Aspheric surface; Finite element method; Contact area Abstract. Elastic deformation machining is a novel processing method for aspheric surface. In the machining process, the workpiece will deform and be in contact with the molded surface once load is applied. In this paper, a finite element model was built with Abaqus/CAE package to predict the deformation behavior of glass plate and some significative conclusions were obtained. The numerical simulation results show that the contact area between the plate and the mold is increasing with different pressure. Once the required pressure value is determined exactly, the glass plate can be deform and completely contact with the mold. The deformed shape of glass plate will completely contact with the mold at pressure p=100kPa. These conclusions have the positive significance for the applying of elastic deformation machining.
Research on Ultra-Precision Machining of Silicon Nitride Ceramics: A Review
Authors: Dai Su Jiang , Ren Yu Gang , Kong Tao , Hu Yong Liang
Published: April 2012

The contemporary aspects of ultra precision machining of Si3N4 with regards to enhanced productivity and precision demands is presented in this paper. This paper reviews the literature on machining technology of covering the history, Several machining methods of Si3N4 are discussed. By comparing their advantages and disadvantages, some beneficial conclusions, which have some guiding significance for the coming practical works, are reached.
Study on the Process of Gear Shaft Formed by Cross Wedge Rolling Based on Deform
Authors: Ying Fu Qiang , Shen Jia Dong , Wu Ling Dong
Published: April 2012

Problems with gear shaft formed by cross wedge rolling (CWR), such as slip, disorder of tooth, material deficiency at two sides of the gear, have restricted the application of this craft to form gear shafts. In this paper, numerical simulation on the process of gear shaft formed by cross wedge rolling was carried out with the help of solidworks and deform 3d. Compared with the standard profile, there is margin on the profile of the gear shaft for further process. It’s proved that the traditional methods to make a gear shaft can be replaced by CWR. From curves of force in three directions, it is easy to conclude that radical force and tangential force are the main forces which are exerted on the dies and vary similarly in all stages.
Force and Deformation Model for Error Correction in Boring Operations
Authors: Arsuaga M. , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Lobato R. , Urbikain G. , Campa F.
Published: April 2012

Boring operations of deep holes with a slender boring bar are often hindered by the precision because of their low static stiffness and high deformations. Because of that, it is not possible to remove much larger depths of cuts than the nose radius of the tool, unlike the case of turning and face milling operations, and consequently, the relationship between the cutting force distribution, tool geometry, feed rate and depth of cut becomes non-linear and complex. This problem gets worse when working with a rotating boring head where apart from the cutting forces and the variation of the inclination angle because of shape boring, the bar and head are affected by de centrifugal forces. The centrifugal forces, and therefore the centrifugal deflection, will vary as a function of the rotating speed, boring bar mass distribution and variable radial position of the bar in shape boring. Taking in to account all this effects, a load and deformation model was created. This model has been experimentally validated to use as a corrector factor of the radial position of the U axis in the boring head.
Optimizing the Turning of Titanium Aluminide Alloys
Authors: Beranoagirre A. , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto
Published: April 2012

The work here exposed, is framed in the line of development of slight materials with good properties, used to reduction of weight in different components for the aviation and automotion where very high temperatures are the main factor. In these fields, several components must withstand high temperatures maintaining a high resistance. The superalloys of type Gamma TiAl is a attractive alternative to other titanium and nickel-based alloys, due to high relationship resistance/weigh and the resistance to the corrosion. This work presents the results from turning tests on three types of Gamma TiAl alloys. Coating tools of integral hard metal are used, with different advances and cut speeds.
Effect of the Reference Line on Main Roughness Parameters
Authors: Fernández R. , Sanz Alfredo , Pindado S. , Núñez López Pedro Jose
Published: April 2012

In the present paper the influence of the reference system with regard to the characterization of the surface finishing is analyzed. The effect of the reference systems choice on the most representative surface finishing parameters (e.g. roughness average Ra and root mean square values Rq) is studied. The study can also be applied to their equivalent parameters in waviness and primary profiles. Based on ISO and ASME standards, three different types of regression lines (center, mean and orthogonal) are theoretically and experimentally analyzed, identifying the validity and applicability fields of each one depending on profiles geometry.
The Effect of Fatty Acid on Phase Behaviors of Tween 80/bmimPF6/toluene Microemulsions
Authors: Zheng Yong Jun , Gao Heng , Eli Wu Man Jiang
Published: April 2012

Pseudo ternary phase diagrams of bmimPF6/Tween80/fatty acid/toluene systems were constructed with different linear-chain fatty acid. The results demonstrated that when surfactant/fatty acid weight ratio increased, the microemulsion domain became larger, but was less than that in the absence of fatty acid. Moreover, the different chain length of fatty acid affected the extent of microemulsion region, and medium-chain length of fatty acid maximized the single-phase area of bmimPF6-based microemulsion. In addition, the influence on the microstructure of the single-phase area in the different linear-chain length fatty acids was conducted by studying the electrical conductivity behavior. Preliminary investigation suggested that the O/IL (oil /ionic liquid) microemulsion in the presence of C5H11COOH and the IL/O (ionic liquid/oil) microemulsion in the presence of C3H7COOH were max.
Quantitative Analysis of Residence Time Distribution in Kenics Static Mixer
Authors: Jin Dan , Fu Hai Ling , Wu Jian Hua , Sun Dan
Published: April 2012

The residence time distribution in Kenics static mixer is investigated using experimental approaches. Experimentally, RTD measure in SK with pulse tracer technology was used to characterize flow and mixing quality. The effect of velocity on the RTD was investigated for all sections. The results show that the flow in SK mixer tends to the plug flow along the axial direction when the velocity increases. The quantization analysis, the effect of factors on the mean residence time, is done by using the power function considering the numbers of mixer element, diameter, element aspect radio, and velocity. The validity of this function is testified by other experiments.
Main Parameters Calculation and Performance Test of 7YGS-45 Type Self-Propelled Dual-Track Orchard Transport
Authors: Xing Jun Jun , Li Shan Jun , Zhang Yan Lin
Published: April 2012

Targeting mountain orchards, which slope from 25 degrees to 45 degrees, the 7YGS-45 type self-propelled dual-track orchard transport was developed. Through designing，optimize the following key parameters such as power consumption、running speed、turning radius and slope angle, and have real operation performance test for dual-track orchard transport. The test shows that the transport’s maximum climbing slope is 47°, minimum turning radius is 8m, and it can satisfy the steady running with the speed of 1.1m/s-1.3m/s and capacity of 300kg. The 7YGS-45 type self-propelled dual-track orchard transport is not only suitable for transporting the fruits and fertilizers in mountain orchards, but also can be equipped with spraying and pruning machines to work.
Improved Physical and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of the Mg20Ni10-XMx (M=Cu, Co; X=0, 4) Alloys by Melt Spinning
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Guo Li Zhao , Shang Hong Wei , Hou Zhong Hui , Cai Ying , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: April 2012

It has come to light that the Mg2Ni-type alloy with a nanocrystalline/amorphous structure possesses superior hydrogen storage kinetics. The Mg2Ni-type Mg20Ni10-xMx (M=Cu, Co; x=0, 4) hydrogen storage alloys were synthesized by a melt-spinning technique. The microstructures of the as-cast and spun alloys were characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys was measured. The results show that whatever spinning rate the as-spun (M=Cu) alloys hold an entire nanocrystalline structure. As spinning rate approaches to 20 m/s, the as-spun (M=Co) alloys display a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure, confirming that the substitution of Co for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg2Ni-type alloy. Furthermore, such substitution results in the formation of secondary phases Mg2Cu and MgCo2 instead of changing the major phase of Mg2Ni. The melt spinning markedly improves the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys. The hydrogen absorption ratio (R5a ), hydrogen desorption ratio (R20d ) and the high rate discharge ability (HRD) notably mount up with the growing of the spinning rate.
A Magnetic Array Fabricated by a Novel Process Constructed with Photosensitive Polyimide-Ferrite Nanocomposite
Authors: Li Yuan Xun , Zhang Huai Wu , Liu Ying Li , Li Jie
Published: April 2012

The authors report an approach to the fabrication of a periodic magnetic array using photosensitive polyimide-barium ferrite nanocomposite. These patterns are shaped by a some-like imprint technique, under the interactions between the magnetic nanoparticles and permanent magnetic mold. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to characterize the magnetic array and well-defined structures with magnetic arrays are obtained. The diameter of each dot is as small as 52um. The presented concept leads to a realization of a magnetic array, which offers advances in achieving micrometer-scale patterns with a very low cost and simple process.
An Optimal Study of the Preparation Conditions of Urea-Modified Titanium Ore Adsorbent
Authors: Lei Xue Fei , Xue Xiang Xin , Yang He , Xia Xiao Qian
Published: April 2012

The four main effect production factors, doping rate, calcination temperature, soaking time and heating rate, are chose to design experiments based on the orthogonal table L9(34) to prepare urea-modified titanium ore (UTO) sorbents. And the decoloration efficiency of methyl orange is examined by using UTO as sorbents under dark-state absorption. Based on the orthogonal experiments, we obtained the optimal operating parameters: urea 8.0wt%, soaking time 3h, calcination temperature 300°C and heating rate 10°C/min. As the preparation condition was run at the optimal conditions, the decoloration efficiency of methyl orange reached 98.1%, which was significantly better than the undoped samples. Thus, it is feasible to treat dye wastewater by these UTO sorbents.
The Linear Auto Disturbances Rejection Controller Application in Beam Magnetic Suspension System of Gantry Moving Type Numerical Control Machine Tool
Authors: Liu Chun Fang , Ren Xiu Meng , Wang Li Mei
Published: April 2012

When gantry-moving type numerical control machine works, support beams of the maglev system will exist outside disturbance, internal system parameter variations and unmodeled dynamics and so on, these factors will reduce system processing accuracy. We presented that suspension air-gap of beam suspension system was controlled by using the auto disturbance rejection control technology. The auto disturbances rejection controller can regard system model parameter variations and external disturbance influence of system as comprehensive disturbance, automatic on-line estimation and compensation. Meanwhile, for solving the traditional auto disturbances rejection controller’s problems which are much more parameters and complex parameters adjustment, the linear auto disturbances rejection controller was used. Under the precondition of ensuring control effect, parameters adjustment process of the auto disturbances rejection controller was greatly simplified. The simulation results show that beam magnetic suspension system using the linear auto disturbance rejection control scheme can achieve control requirements and achieve beams friction-free stable suspension.
Electrochemical Sensors for L-Tryptophan Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Xu Wen , Li Xiao , Zhang Wei Ying , Ying Xiao Guang
Published: April 2012

A novel sensing element for direct detection of L-Tryptophan (L-Trp) in human serum was proposed by combination of electrochemical transduction and molecular imprinting technique. The sensing element was prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) on the gold electrode in the presence of template L-Trp. The electrochemical property of the sensor was characterized by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The linear response range of the sensor for L-Trp concentration was 1×10-8 mol/L~21×10-8 mol/L with a detection limit of 0.3×10-8 mol/L. The results show that this approach has the potential to generate a universal inexpensive assay methodology of high sensitivity, speciﬁcity and simplicity to detect L-Trp.
Estrogenicity of Six Typical Aqueous Pollutants
Authors: Zhang Guang Ming , Lang Lang
Published: April 2012

This paper studied the estrogenicity of six typical aqueous EDCs by examining their proliferation of MCF-7. These six EDCs were 17-β Estradio (E2), biphenol A (BPA), nonyl phenol (NP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and Cadmium (Cd). Results showed that MCF-7 proliferation was sensitive to these compounds. E2 was the most sensitive one and the effective concentration was 10-14 mol/L, while Cd was the least sensitive one and the effective concentration was 10-8 mol/L. The sensitivity of these six EDCs ranked as: E2 > BPA ≥ NP > DBP ≥ HCB > Cd. On the other hand, the cell proliferation extent of these compounds ranked as: HCB > DBP > BPA > Cd > NP ≥ E2. Very complex dose-time-response curves were observed for all six EDCs, indicating that many factors impacted the cell grow.
Calculation of Magnetic Susceptibility and Conversion of Units
Authors: Zhao Hong Wei
Published: April 2012

In this paper, we will introduce the method of magnetic susceptibility ’s unit conversion in MKSA rational system and absolute electromagnetic units (emu) system.
Experimental Study on Wear-Resistance of Machined Surface in High Speed Milling Aviation Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Fu Xiu Li , Wang Xiao Qin , Pan Yong Zhi , Qiao Yang
Published: April 2012

The wear-resistance performance of machined surface is an important factor in the evaluation of surface quality and precision in aerospace manufacturing industry. By using high-speed Ring-Block friction and wear machine (MRH-3), the influence of cutting parameters in milling aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 on wear-resistance of machined surface including friction coefficient and wear quantity are experimentally investigated. The wear-resistance is particularly sensitive to cutting speed and feed rate. The friction coefficient has marked drop trends as cutting speed increases. The influence of cutting speed on wear quantity is more complicated and the tendency of wear quantity was ascend in first and descend at last (v>900/min). The results show that the influence of cutting parameters on wear-resistance was also positively correlated with surface roughness and work-hardening of machined surface. The high work-hardening and surface quality had the promoting effecting on wear-resistance. The experiment and analysis results show that the machined surface by high speed cutting and lower feed rate has more superior in surface quality and wear-resistance performance comparing with conventional cutting speed.
A Study on the Cross-Sectional Shape of Kerf Cut with Micro Abrasive Air Jet
Authors: Li Quan Lai , Huang Chuan Zhen , Wang Jun , Zhu Hong Tao
Published: April 2012

Micro abrasive air jet (MAAJ) cutting is a promising technology for the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures in hard and brittle materials. In this paper, a study on the cross-sectional shape of the kerf cut with MAAJ is presented. It shows that the machining depth and slope of the sidewall increase with an increase in air pressure, abrasive flow rate and jet incidence angle, while decrease with an increase in nozzle traverse speed. Using a dimensional analysis technique, predictive model for cross-sectional profile is developed. The research results may be meaningful to the highly precision three-dimensional micro-structural cutting.
The Development of an Ultrasonic Head for CMP Pad Conditioning
Authors: Tso Pei Lum , Liu Shi Guo , Wang J. C.
Published: April 2012

The technology of ultrasonic assisted machining has been successfully used in many machining processes recently. Conditioning in the CMP not only can extending the life of the polishing pad but also improve process stability. In this paper we develop a brand new conditioning process with ultrasonic assisted conditioning UAC head for chemical mechanical polishing CMP process. The slurry came from inside the polishing spindle and had an independent cyclic system. As a result, this UAC device can remove polishing debris 4-6 times faster than conventional conditioning process. This conditioning process may even use water instead of slurry to reduce the cost of consumables of CMP.
Key word: Chemical mechanical polishing CMP, Ultrasonic assisted conditioning UAC, Polishing Pad
FEM Analysis of Extrusion of Triangular Sections from Round Billets through Curved Dies
Authors: Rout Akshaya Kumar , Maity Kali Pada , Sahoo Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2012

The curved die plays a significant role in reduction of extrusion load, refinement of microstructure and improvement in quality of product. In the present investigation, a numerical FEM modeling has been carried out for extrusion of triangular section from round billet through a curved die using DEFORM-3D software for steady state deformation using rigid plastic material. The extrusion load has been predicted. The effective stress, strain, strain rate velocity and temperature distribution have been determined. An experimental test rig has been fabricated. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results. The results of computations are found to be in good agreement with those of the experiments.
The Analysis and Evaluation Method of Assembly Accuracy Reliability of Heavy Duty Machine Tool
Authors: Cheng Feng Lan , Jiang Bin , Li Ying , Zheng Min Li
Published: April 2012

Geometry constraint and physical constraint change because the structure is complex, tonnage is large, and assembly load is complex on heavy duty machine tool, assembly relation is changed for repeated assembly, then, the assembly accuracy reproducibility and assembly accuracy retentivity decline, which results in the decrease of assembly reliability. According to this problem, the interaction of geometry constraint and physical constraint is discussed in this paper, the influence factors of assembly accuracy reproducibility and assembly accuracy retentivity are respectively analyzed, the establishing, demolition and re-establishing of assembly relation effects assembly accuracy reproducibility, and evolution of assembly relation with time effects assembly accuracy retentivity, which are respectively revealed. Using margin method to evaluate assembly accuracy reliability, the criterion and evaluation method of assembly accuracy reliability is proposed, in order to provide reliable and quantitative criterion for assembly process design, and reasonably set safety margin of geometry constraint and physical constraint, form reliable assembly process, realize that the assembly accuracy is controlled and improved by assembly.
The Process Performance Test Study of Pure Chitin Fiber Spunlace Nonwoven
Authors: Li Jian Yong , Li Jiang Feng , Wang Yi , Wang Xia , Song Dong Peng , Lv Yu
Published: April 2012

In this paper, the pure chitin fiber spunlace nonwoven was made from raw material chitin 100 fiber, and its processing technique was improved from traditional one. The performance comparison tests under different processes and traditional process were conducted, test results showed that pure chitin fiber spunlace nonwoven made under improved process studied in this paper had better mechanical properties and fabric quality.
Cutting Performance of Hard Processing Materials Based on the DEFORM-3D
Authors: Ren Jia Long , Zhang Chun Yan , Wang Qing , Wang Bo , Zhao Li Gang
Published: April 2012

Based on the 3D finite element simulation software DEFORM-3D V6.1, the cutting process of three kinds of typical hard processing materials (titanium alloy, nickel alloy, stainless steel materials) were simulated. Main cutting force and cutting temperature of above materials were observed at different cutting parameters and cutting performance was studied. Results show that: under the same conditions, the main cutting force of nickel alloy IN718 was maximum, followed by TI-6AL-4V titanium alloy, stainless steel AISI-316h was minimum; the cutting temperature of nickel alloy IN718 was the highest, followed by TI-6AL-4V titanium alloy, stainless steel AISI-316h was minimum.
Effect of Sintering Time on the Purity and Morphology of LiTaO3
Authors: Zainuddin Lili Widarti , Kamarulzaman Norlida
Published: April 2012

Preparation of LiTaO3 was done using the sol-gel method which is also known as the wet chemical technique. Thermal analysis (TG-DSC) of LiTaO3 precursor was studied to determine an optimized heating temperature. LiTaO3 was heated at 550 °C with different sintering time of 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The formation of pure LiTaO3 occurred during sintering time of 72 h which was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of pure LiTaO3 was recorded using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pure LiTaO3 can only be formed at a longer heating time in order to complete the oxidation process.
Mn Substitution with Co in LiCo(1-X)MnxO2 Cathode Materials and their Charge-Discharge Characteristic
Authors: Azahidi Azira , Elong Kelimah , Badar Nurhanna , Mohd Mokhtar Nurul Atikah , Roshidah Rusdi , Kamarulzaman Norlida
Published: April 2012

LiCoO2 has been used as a cathode material in commercial Li-ion batteries. This is due to advantageous properties of the LiCoO2 like ease of preparation and good electrochemical characteristics. However, the high cost and toxicity of Co has limited its use. Therefore, the substitution of Co in the LiCoO2 by non-toxic and inexpensive transition metallic element is needed. Mn is considered as one of the promising candidates to fulfill all the requirements. Partial substitution of Co by Mn has also been considered to enhance the stability of LiCoO2 lattice, minimize capacity fading and increase cycle life of the Li-ion battery. LiCo(1-x)MnxO2 (x= 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared by using a self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the samples were carried out for phase analysis and showed that all the materials are pure. The samples were also analyzed using the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) to study its morphology and particle size. Finally cathodes were fabricated and assembled in an inert gas-filled fabrication box. Discharge profiles of the materials were carried out in the voltage range of 4.3 V – 3 V. The materials obtained were phase pure and improved the capacity fading of the materials compared to LiCoO2. All of the materials exhibited less than 10% capacity loss even though it does not improve the first cycle discharge capacity.
Effects of Annealing Treatment on Photoluminescence and Structural Properties of ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Ling Chuo Ann , Mahmud Shahrom , Bakhori Siti Khadijah Mohd
Published: April 2012

Zinc oxide (ZnO) pellets were prepared by agglomeration of ZnO nanopowder with distilled water in this study. Annealing at 800oC in different ambient was done on the surface of the pellets in order to change the photoluminescence and structural properties of the sample. The ZnO pellets that were annealed in air, oxygen and nitrogen ambient reduce the intensity of near-band-edge emission in photoluminescence spectra. The observed change in green luminescence after the annealing process suggests that the oxygen vacancies are the recombination centers for green luminescence in the samples. Red luminescence was also observed and it is attributed to oxygen vacancies in different energy level. Different annealing ambient had significantly modified the green and red luminescence. Structural investigation carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the polycrystalline nature for ZnO pellets with hexagonal phase and annealing process increased the cystallinity of the ZnO pellets.
Studies of Poly(Ethyl Methacrylate) Complexed with Ammonium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Anuar Norwati Khairyl , Zainal Norazlin , Nor Sabirin Mohamed , Subban Ri Hanum Yahaya
Published: April 2012

Free standing polymer electrolyte films comprising of ammonium trifluoromethane sulfonate in poly(ethyl methacrylate) were prepared and characterized. The structural and electrical properties of the polymer electrolytes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and a.c. impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The formation of polymer-salt complex has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. Conductivity of the polymer electrolytes increased with salt content. The highest ionic conductivity in the order of 10-5 S cm-1 at room temperature was achieved for the system with 35 wt% of ammonium salt. The temperature dependence of conductivity obeyed the Vogel-Tammam-Fulcher relation. The activation energy has been calculated from the VTF formalism. The ionic transference number of the mobile ions estimated by Wagner’s polarization method was close to unity for the highest conducting sample implying that the conductivity was contributed by ions which was expected to be protons.
Effect of in Concentration on the Optical Lattice Vibrations in Quaternary AlxInyGa1-x-yN Alloys
Authors: Aljameel A.I. , Abu Hassan H. , Ng S.S
Published: April 2012

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been utilized to measure long-wavelength optical lattice vibrations of high-quality quaternary AlxlnyGa1-x-yN thin films at room temperature. The AlxlnyGa1-x-yN films were grown on c-plane (0001) sapphire substrates with AlN as buffer layers using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) technique with indium (In) mole fraction y = 0.0 to 0.10 and constant aluminium (Al) mole fraction x = 0.06. The experimental results indicated that the AlxlnyGa1-x-yN alloys had two-mode behavior, for the A1 (LO) and E1 (TO) modes.
Elastic Properties of MgB2 and SiC-Doped MgB2 Superconductors
Authors: Nik-Jaafar Nor Azah , Abd-Shukor R. , Chen S.K.
Published: April 2012

We investigated the elastic properties of MgB2 and 5 wt.% SiC-doped MgB2 superconductors utilizing the pulse-echo overlap technique. Longitudinal and shear ultrasound velocities were measured for each sample at 80 K and 300 K. The measured velocities at 80 K were used to calculate the various elastic moduli, i.e. longitudinal (CL), shear (G), bulk (B) and Young’s (Y) modulus, and the Debye temperature D, for both samples. The high D at 694 K and 706 K obtained for MgB2 and SiC-doped MgB2, respectively, provide strong evidences via direct acoustic measurements to support numerous theoretical and non-acoustic data-based calculations. At 300 K, the higher longitudinal velocity of the pure MgB2 compared to the doped MgB2 but converging towards the same value of longitudinal modulus at 80 K, seems to suggest that the SiC-doped MgB2 undergoes greater elastic stiffening through temperature range of 300 K down to 80 K. Using the D values, the electron-phonon coupling constant  was calculated within the BCS framework and the two dimensional van Hove scenario. The results led us to conclude that MgB2 is a moderately-strong coupled superconductor.
Research on the Failure Mechanism of Pitting Corrosion of the 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride Ions Environment
Authors: Pan Yi , Chen Rong Fa , Wang Du Xiong , Cai Guo Sheng , Zhang Xian Liang , Liu Tao
Published: April 2012

The Mechanism of 304 Stainless Steel Pitting Corrosion Was Researched in Chloride Ions Environment. the Metallographic Microstructure of Areas near the Pitting Corrosion and Far Away from the Pitting Corrosion Were Observed by the Metallographic Experiment；Cr Content of the Sample Was Determined by EDXRF, to Prove Chloride Ion Impact on the Element Cr of 304 Stainless Steel. Finally, Corrosion Rate of Specimens Was Determined by Piecewise Experiment Method to Prove Otherness for Corrosion Rate in Different Period of 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride Ions Environment.
Study on In Situ Carbon Dioxide-Generation Flooding
Authors: Zhang Hong Jing , Dong Shuang Bo , Zheng Zhe Kui
Published: April 2012

Aiming at the source and corrosiveness of carbon dioxide, the in-situ carbon dioxide generation technology to enhance oil recovery was proposed。This paper presents the in-situ carbon dioxide generation technology mechanism, the expansion, viscosity reduction; oil-displacement efficiency and foamy oil of this technology were experimentally evaluated by using microscopic models and physical models. The experimental results indicated that the in-situ carbon dioxide generation technology could be used to produce enough carbon dioxide and get good efficiencies of oil expansion, reduction of viscosity and enhancement of oil displacement. Under the conditions of 2010mPa•s in oil viscosity, 60°C and 10MPa, the volume of oil could be expanded by25%, and the viscosity of oil can reduced to 52.7% , and the CO2 can displacement，restraining viscous fingering and changing liquid flow direction and carrying the residual oil.
Synthesis and Properties of Green Copolymer Retannage of Starch and Acrylamide with HRP/H2O2/ACAC
Authors: Lv Sheng Hua , Yan Xiao Liang , Cao Qiang
Published: April 2012

A graft copolymer was synthesized by copolymerization of degraded starch and acrylamide using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2/acetylacetone (ACAC) as initiator. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by FTIR and NMR. The copolymer can be used as retannage in leather making substitute for chrome retannage and contribute to decreasing pollution. The applied results show that the retanned leather possesses merits of excellent soft feeling, good elasticity and uniform thickness.
Study on Dispersion Properties of an Amphoteric Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Cement Pastes
Authors: Cao Qiang , Lv Sheng Hua , Li Di
Published: April 2012

A novel amphoteric polycarboxylate superplasticizer (APCs) was prepared by solution copolymerization from acrylic acid (AA), allyl polyethylene glycol (APEG), diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC). Effects of DMDAAC dosage and monomers ratio on performance of APCs were investigated by tested of zeta potential of cement particles and adsorption on cement. Results indicated that introducing of cationic monomer can increase the saturation adsorption amount and dispersibility of APCS. When the molar ratio of AA and APEG and DMDAAC is 5:1:0.5, the dispersibility of APcs has the best adsorptivity and disersibility. The synergistic effects of Zeta potential and steric repulsion of the cement particles surface is the main mechanism for dispersion.
Fundamental Research on Development of Liquid Crystalline Micro-Actuator
Authors: Liu Chun Bo , Guan Yan Fang
Published: April 2012

As a purpose of developing new micro-actuator driven by the liquid crystal flow, transient behaviors of a nematic liquid crystal between two parallel plates are computed with parameter of twist angle. The Frank and Leslie-Ericksen theory were used. When the twist angle is 0 deg, the induced flow is planar, and when the twist angle is not 0 deg, the flow has a out of plane component. The twist angle has little effect to the time characteristics of the flow. In the experiment, the applied voltage of 5 was used, and the results are in agreement with the calculation results.
Research on Measurement Thickness and Growth Behaviors of Oxide Layers in Pre-Dressing Process of ELID
Authors: Wang Dang Li , Ma Bao Ji , Ning Sheng Ke
Published: April 2012

In order to measure thickness and Study on growth behaviors of oxide layers on grinding wheel surface in ELID, measurement system accuracy is verificated with laser and eddy current sensor for simulation measurement of oxide layers, Growth behaviour of oxide layers were measured in pre-dressing process, the results indicate inward growth speed of oxide layer is greater than outward growth speed along the radius of grinding wheel in the early , oxide layers keep linear growth and growth speed is the fastest; In the late ,inward growth speed of oxide layer slows, outward growth speed is slightly faster, but overall oxide layer growth slows down.
Structure and Properties of Copolymer Tannage of Vanillin and Gallic Acid with HRP Initiation
Authors: Lv Sheng Hua , Yan Xiao Liang , Cao Qiang
Published: April 2012

A copolymer of vanillin and gallic acid was synthesized using HRP/H2O2 as initiator. The chemical structure of the copolymer was characterized by means of FTIR, NMR and GPC. The copolymer was applied in making leather as a tanning agent and the shrinkage temperature (Ts) of tanned leather reached 82.5°C. The average thickness increment ratio (E) of retanned leather was 19.4%. It has also excellent assisting dyeing and soft leather fibers properties. The application leather has desired dyeing effect and excellent softness.
Study on Friction Heat and Force about Friction Forming Hole
Authors: Xu Xiao Cun , Xin Xiang Kai , Fu Xiao Liang , Ning Qiu Li
Published: April 2012

The new technological process to form deep hole in relative thin panel by friction heat not only saves material, but also obtains workpieces with high performance. The thermal analysis about friction heat and force about friction forming hole is one of key technology problems. In this paper, the model of temperature field and stress field are observed with LS-DYNA based on dynamic two sliding friction pair coupling model structure, then the temperature changes of the workpiece under different conditions are studied. The mathematical model verified the correctness of the simulation in this paper, and laid a foundation for further research on deep hole process by friction heat.
Spin Injection in a Ferromagnetic/Organic System
Authors: Mi Yi Lin , Liu Feng Yan , Gao Jiang Nan
Published: April 2012

Spin injection efficiency in the ferromagnet/ organic semiconductors system (FM/OSEs) was explored considering the spin dependence of the electric-conductivity induced by spin injection in the OSEs. It is known that the OSEs is spin polarized, once spin was injected from FM layer to OSEs layer. The up-spin polarons and the down-spin polarons have different density. The spin dependence of the electric-conductivity is so induced. In the literature, it was usually supposed that the electric-conductivity in the spin polarized OSEs is spin independent. So, it is crucial to reflect the physics in the spin injection. Our work shows that the spin-dependent electrical-conductivity is one of the significant factors which affect the spin injection efficiency. The spin injection efficiency increases obviously with the rising of the spin-dependent electrical-conductivity in the same spin injection system. And the effect becomes larger, when the polaron proportion increases. Furthermore, the effects of interfacial electrochemical-potential proportion on the spin injection efficiency in the heterojunction are also included.
Parameter Study of Concrete Impact Damage Model Based on DOE Analysis
Authors: Wang Jiang Bo , Zhang Qing Ming , Feng Cheng Liang , Li Wei Bing , Wang Heng
Published: April 2012

By building up a debugging method about material parameters of concrete impact damage model based on DOE (Design of Experiments) analysis, this paper studies the influence of material parameters of concrete targets on the results of numerical simulation based on quantitative analysis, when the impact velocity is 300m/s and 850m/s respectively. It concludes that when the impact velocity of 300m/s, 5 parameters have considerable effect on the residual velocity of warhead, they are ， ， ， and . Of all 5 parameters, , and can be obtained by calculation therefore it only needs to debug two parameters and according to experiments. Finally, when the impact velocity is 300m/s or so, debug combining the experiments to get a set of concrete impact damage model material parameters to make the results of simulation and experiment anastomosis well.
Optimization of Balloon-Stent System Based on Nonlinear Material Using Kriging Surrogate Model
Authors: Li Hong Xia , Wang Xi Cheng
Published: April 2012

Computer-aided technology was used for balloon-stent system design. Nonlinear material was used to simulate the dilation of balloon-stent system. Based on finite element results, an adaptive optimization method based on the kriging surrogate model combining with LHS approach and EI function was employed for the optimization of balloon length to reduce stent dogboning effect during its dilation. The kriging surrogate model can approximate the relationship between dogboning rate and balloon length, replacing the expensive reanalysis of the stent dilation. Sample points from LHS can represent the information of all parts on the design space. EI function is used to balance local and global search, and tends to find the global optimal design. Numerical results demonstrate that this adaptive optimization methed based on kriging surrogate model can be used for the optimization of balloon length of balloon-stent system.
On Influence of Change in Anodic Surface Micro-Topography on Electric Current Field in Electrochemical Finishing
Authors: Xieeryazidan Adayi , Kader Amina
Published: April 2012

In processing of electrochemical finishing (ECF), electrochemical dissolution makes anodic surface micro-topography change. To identify the influence of the change on the distribution of electric-current field between electrodes, mathematical model describing the distribution of the electric-current field along the profile of the anodic surface micro-topography was established. The results of simulations and experiments show that the variation in the anodic surface micro-topography makes the distribution density of the electric-current uniform, and the sharp or peak-like micro-topography is in favour of improving the finishing ability of ECF.
Study on Spatial Mechanical Characteristic of High-Speed Railway Ballastless Slab Track on Subgrade
Authors: Xu Qing Yuan , Li Bin
Published: April 2012

By using beam element to model rail, spring element to model fastener, solid element to model different components of ballastless track, contact element to model the connection between each component of ballastless track, a statics three-dimensional nonlinear finite element mechanical model for calculating the forces transmission among rail, fastening and different component of ballastless slab track on subgrade was established. Experimental data of Suining-Chongqing railway line was given to validate the calculation model. Force of ballastless slab track on subgrade under gravity load, train load, uneven settlement load, temperature gradient load as well as combined load was analyzed. Results show that: spatial forces characteristic of ballastless slab track is very notable under train load; uneven settlement load as well as temperature gradient load has significant influence on the mechanical characteristic of ballastless slab track; force of ballastless slab track increases significantly under combined load than that of under any single load.