bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fröhlich Systems in Cellular Physiology
Authors: Šrobár Fedor
Published: October 2015

Electromagnetic fields are usually absent in the picture of processes taking place in living cells which is dominated by biochemistry, molecular genetics and microscopic morphology. Yet experimental and theoretical studies suggest that this omission is not justified. At the end of 1960’s H. Fröhlich elaborated a semi-phenomenological model of polar oscillating units that are metabolically driven, exchange energy with the cell’s internal heat reservoir, and store part of the energy in excited vibrational modes in such way, that mode with the lowest frequency becomes highly excited, while the higher-order modes remain near thermal equilibrium. This affords energy-hungry chemical reactions to take place while the rest of the cell is not exposed to heat stress. At present, part of the cytoskeleton – microtubules – are deemed to fulfil the role of oscillating units. The paper provides an introduction to the Fröhlich ideas for readers with background in medicine and biology in that it avoids mathematical formulas and relies on figures to convey information about the basic properties of the model. The essential features of the Fröhlich model – most notably the energy condensation – are demonstrated on ensemble encompassing three coupled vibration modes that can be exactly described using original diagrammatic method.
Topical Treatment Modalities for Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Review
Authors: Alavi-Naini R. , Fazaeli Asghar , O'Dempsey T.
Published: October 2015

Diagnosis and therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be difficult due to the variability of the clinical pictures and resistance to therapy. There is no vaccine currently available for CL. The aim of the present review is to describe different topical treatment modalities for old world CL. The mainstays of treatment for old world CL are pentavalent antimony compounds which are administered parenterally or intralesionally. New topical treatment alternatives have been available within the past few years. Amongst several treatments used topically, physical therapies including cryotherapy, heat therapy and CO2laser are promising for the treatment of old world CL. Along with that, other randomized placebo controlled trials should be designed to find new effective therapeutic regimens.
Novel Mutations in the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene in the First Czech Patient with Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Szentiványi K. , Hansíková H. , Krijt J. , Vinšová K. , Tesařová M. , Rozsypalová E. , Klement P. , Zeman J. , Honzík Tomáš
Published: October 2015

Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency manifests mainly in early childhood and includes two clinical phenotypes: an infantile progressive hypokinetic-rigid syndrome with dystonia (type A) and a neonatal complex encephalopathy (type B). The biochemical diagnostics is exclusively based on the quantitative determination of the neurotransmitters or their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The implementation of neurotransmitter analysis in clinical praxis is necessary for early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Neurotransmitter metabolites in CSF were analyzed in 82 children (at the age 1 month to 17 years) with clinical suspicion for neurometabolic disorders using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. The CSF level of homovanillic acid (HVA) was markedly decreased in three children (64, 79 and 94 nmol/l) in comparison to age related controls (lower limit 218–450 nmol/l). Neurological findings including severe psychomotor retardation, quadruspasticity and microcephaly accompanied with marked dystonia, excessive sweating in the first patient was compatible with the diagnosis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency (type B) and subsequent molecular analysis revealed two novel heterozygous mutations c.636A>C and c.1124G>C in theTHgene. The treatment with L-DOPA/carbidopa resulted in the improvement of dystonia. Magnetic resonance imaging studies in two other patients with microcephaly revealed postischaemic brain damage, therefore secondary HVA deficit was considered in these children. Diagnostic work-up in patients with neurometabolic disorders should include analysis of neurotransmitter metabolites in CSF.
Pre-operative Arterial Embolization of Symptomatic Giant Hemangioma of the Liver
Authors: Kayan Mustafa , Çetin M. , Aktaş A. R. , Yılmaz Ö. , Ceylan E. , Eroğlu H. E.
Published: October 2015

The cavernous hemangiomas of the liver are usually small sized and asymptomatic. Most of them are incidentally diagnosed and a very small portion requires therapy. Giant hemangioma can be symptomatic, and this condition is the indication for treatment. The striking complication of surgical treatment of cavernous hemangiomas is intra-operative bleeding. In this case, we aimed to demonstrate that the risk of intraoperative bleeding can be eliminated with the preoperative percutaneous trans-catheter arterial embolization technique.
Epistemologiczne i etyczne podstawy „nowego ateizmu".
Authors: Gutowski Piotr
Published: October 2015

Na początku stawiam tezę, że widocznej od kilku lat  ofensywy ateizmu i agnostycyzmu oraz narastania sentymentów antyreligijnych w Polsce nie da się wyjaśnić wyłącznie procesami zachodzącymi w naszym kraju. Rodzimi ateiści korzystają bowiem z metod i argumentów opracowanych w obrębie tzw. nowego ateizmu - nurtu o charakterze międzynarodowym, który ukształtował się w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku. Jego przywódcami są „czterej jeźdźcy ateizmu”: R. Dawkins, Ch. Hitchens, D. Dennett i S. Harris, których książki tłumaczone są na wiele języków i  wydawane w ogromnych nakładach.  Po przedstawieniu  głównych tez, genezy i celów tego nurtu omówione są jego wybrane założenia: ewidencjalizm i scjentyzm oraz przekonanie, że religie dostarczają uzasadnienia dla  działań niemoralnych a dla uzasadnienia działań moralnie słusznych wystarczy sama nauka. ‘Nowy ateizm’ stanowi zagrożenie dla religii, ale także stymuluje pojawienie się sprawnych apologetów. Ich skuteczność zależna jest jednak nie tylko od dobrego wykształcenie teologicznego, ale także filozoficznego, które uwzględnić powinno zwłaszcza wiedzę z zakresu współczesnej epistemologii, filozofii nauki i filozofii religii.
Między niewiarą wierzących i wiarą niewierzących. Złożoność problematyki moralnej współczesnego ateizmu.
Authors: Glombik Konrad
Published: October 2015

Zjawisko ateizmu jest przedmiotem licznych studiów i publikacji, zarówno z zakresu socjologii, antropologii i filozofii, jak i teologii, zwłaszcza fundamentalnej i dogmatycznej. Tradycyjnie wyróżnia się ateizm teoretyczny i praktyczny. Ateizm teoretyczny oznacza zaprzeczenie egzystencji Boga. Taki ateizm może być tolerancyjny, kiedy nie ma żadnych zamiarów misjonarskich oraz walczący, kiedy rozumie się jako naukę, którą rozpowszechnia się dla szczęścia ludzkości i forma walki z religią jako szkodliwym zamieszaniem. Ateizm praktyczny zwany indyferentyzmem występuje w przypadku życia, w którym z teoretycznego uznania istnienia Boga nie wyciąga się żadnych dostrzegalnych konsekwencji. Współcześnie pisze się o tzw. nowym ateizmie, w ramach którego wyróżnia się ateizm argumentatywny, opierający się na pytaniach kierowanych do teizmu o racje wiary w Boga. Inną odmianą jest ateizm kulturowy, będący wielopłaszczyznowym zjawiskiem, u którego podłoża leży krytyka chrześcijaństwa wyrażana w formie niedyskursywnej, współczesnej hedonistycznej i konsumpcjonistycznej kultury sprawiającej, że chrześcijaństwu trudno znaleźć posłuch. Wyróżnia się także ateizm denuncjatorski, występujący w różnych wariantach i opierający się na uznawaniu ludzi wierzących za niedorzecznych, niemoralnych i godnych politowania. Już te ogólne rozróżnienia potwierdzają, że może istnieć sytuacja, w której człowiek deklarujący się za osobę wierzącą, poprzez swoje życie i postawy może praktycznie zaprzeczać istnienia Boga, a więc być ateistą. W związku z tym rodzi się pytanie, czy może istnieć sytuacja, w której osoba deklarująca się za ateistę, może praktycznie charakteryzować się wiarą w Boga?Współczesne zjawisko ateizmu jest złożone, wiąże się, podobnie jak w przeszłości z systemami filozoficznymi i światopoglądowymi oraz posługuje się różnymi racjami rozumowymi dla uzasadnienia swoich twierdzeń i przekonań. W dużej mierze wyjaśnienie istoty ateizmu zależy od pojęcia Boga, które leży u jego podstaw. W tekście nie chodzi o analizę złożonych przyczyn, uzasadnień i skutków współczesnego zjawiska ateizmu, ale o wyjaśnienie wspomnianego rozróżnienia między niewiarą wierzących i możliwością wiary niewierzących, które w sposób wyraźny występuje we współczesnym dyskursie na temat ateizmu. Chodzi głównie o ukazanie napięcia istniejącego pomiędzy tymi postawami wobec Boga oraz analizy związanych z nimi istotnych problemów natury moralnej, które ogniskują się w pytaniu o problem winy i odpowiedzialności człowieka za taką czy inną postawę wobec Boga. Na końcu chodzi o ukazanie istotnego wezwania moralnego, jakie rodzi się w związku ze złożonym zjawiskiem ateizmu, a jest nim postawa dialogu tych dwóch różnych podejść do wiary w Boga.
Przesłanie moralne papieża Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI do czeskich ateistów. Historyczne uwarunkowania i możliwości.
Authors: Petracek Tomas
Published: October 2015

The author deals with the reception of the moral teachings of Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI by the Czech agnostic and atheist public. He puts this dialogue in the historical context of the Czech history of the 20th century and demonstrates its limits and possibilities. Although there is a common dialogue and interest space, currently, however, on the atheistic part of the public prevails a rather confrontational stance.
The Euclidean distortion of generalized polygons
Authors: Kobayashi Toshimasa , Kondo Takefumi
Published: October 2015

We determine the Euclidean distortion of finite generalized polygons by means of semidefinite programing.
Another proof of the Beckman–Quarles theorem
Authors: Juhász Rozália
Published: October 2015

We prove the Beckman-Quarles theorem in a uniform way for all finite dimensions n ≥ 2.
Totally isotropic subspaces of small height in quadratic spaces
Authors: Chan Wai Kiu , Fukshansky Lenny , Henshaw Glenn R.
Published: October 2015

Let K be a global field or

, let F be a nonzero quadratic form on KN with N ≥ 2, and let V be a subspace of KN.We prove the existence of an infinite collection of finite families of small-height maximal totally isotropic subspaces of (V, F) such that each such family spans V as a K-vector space. This result generalizes and extends a well known theorem of Vaaler [16] and further contributes to the effective study of quadratic forms via height in the general spirit of Cassels’ theorem on small zeros of quadratic forms. All bounds on the height are explicit.
A counterexample to the containment I(3) ⊂ I2 over the reals
Authors: Czapliński Adam , Główka Agata , Malara Grzegorz , Lampa-Baczyńska Magdalena , Łuszcz-Swidecka Patrycja , Pokora Piotr , Szpond Justyna
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this note is to give counterexamples defined over the real numbers to a question relevant in commutative algebra, concerning a containment relation between algebraic and symbolic powers of a homogeneous ideal.
In Defense of Commodification
Authors: Brennan Jason , Jaworski Peter
Published: October 2015

We aim to show anti-commodification theorists that their complaints about the scope of the market are exaggerated. There are we agree things that should not be bought and sold but that’s only because they are things people shouldn’t have or do or exchange in the first place. Beyond that we argue there are legitimate moral worries about how we buy trade and sell but no legitimate worries about what we buy trade and sell. In almost every interesting case where they have argued markets are morally impermissible on the contrary we argue such markets are permissible. Where they see the market as having a fundamentally amoral ethos or as tending to corrupt us we see it as moral and morally ameliorative. Where they think the solution is to contract the market we think the solution is to expand it.
The Impact of Alternative Public Policies on the Deployment of New Communications Infrastructure – A Survey
Authors: Briglauer Wolfgang , Frübing Stefan , Vogelsang Ingo
Published: October 2015

This survey of the theoretical and empirical literature on alternative policies to promote new fiber-based communications infrastructures addresses (i) various kinds of ex ante sector-specific regulations, (ii) deregulatory approaches based on effective competition law implementation and competitive market structures including co-investment models, and (iii) public subsidies to cover non-profitable (white) areas. The authors identify significant research gaps and present a generic framework for policy recommendations. Public subsidies emerge as the dominant policy alternative in white areas, whereas access regulations can be the preferred policy in white or gray areas, where only monopoly structure or co-investment models lead to private investment. Deregulatory policies might be preferable in gray areas, provided there is sufficient pressure from competitive outside options and if competition law is strong. Finally, deregulatory policies including soft regulation are the dominant policy in black areas, where several independent infrastructure operators exist.
H3K9 methylation extends across natural boundaries of heterochromatin in the absence of an HP1 protein
Authors: Stunnenberg Rieka , Kulasegaran‐Shylini Raghavendran , Keller Claudia , Kirschmann Moritz A , Gelman Laurent , Bühler Marc
Published: October 2015

Proteins of the conserved HP1 family are elementary components of heterochromatin and are generally assumed to play a central role in the creation of a rigid, densely packed heterochromatic network that is inaccessible to the transcription machinery. Here, we demonstrate that the fission yeast HP1 protein Swi6 exists as a single highly dynamic population that rapidly exchanges in cis and in trans between different heterochromatic regions. Binding to methylated H3K9 or to heterochromatic RNA decelerates Swi6 mobility. We further show that Swi6 is largely dispensable to the maintenance of heterochromatin domains. In the absence of Swi6, H3K9 methylation levels are maintained by a mechanism that depends on polymeric self‐association properties of Tas3, a subunit of the RNA‐induced transcriptional silencing complex. Our results disclose a surprising role for Swi6 dimerization in demarcating constitutive heterochromatin from neighboring euchromatin. Thus, rather than promoting maintenance and spreading of heterochromatin, Swi6 appears to limit these processes and appropriately confine heterochromatin.
MED23: a new Mediator of H2B monoubiquitylation
Authors: Streubel Gundula , Bracken Adrian P
Published: October 2015

The Mediator multiprotein complex physically links transcription factors to RNA polymerase II and the basal transcription machinery. While the Mediator complex has been shown to be required for transcriptional initiation and elongation, the understanding of its interplay with histone modifying enzymes and post‐translational modifications remains elusive. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Yao et al (2015) report that the MED23 subunit of the Mediator complex physically associates with the heterodimeric RNF20/40 E3‐ligase complex to facilitate the monoubiquitylation of histone H2B on gene bodies of actively transcribed genes.
XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism is not associated with lung cancer risk in a Romanian population
Authors: Catana Andreea , Pop Monica , Marginean Dragos Horea , Blaga Ioana Cristina , Porojan Mihai Dumitru , Popp Radu Anghel , Pop Ioan Victor
Published: October 2015

Background and aims. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) repair mechanisms play a critical role in protecting the cellular genome against carcinogens. X-ray cross-complementing gene 3 (XRCC3) is involved in DNA repair and therefore certain genetic polymorphisms that occur in DNA repair genes may affect the ability to repair DNA defects and may represent a risk factor in carcinogenesis. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between XRCC3 gene substitution of Threonine with Methionine in codon 241 of XRCC3 gene (Thr241Met) polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer, in a Romanian population.Methods. We recruited 93 healthy controls and 85 patients with lung cancer, all smokers. Thr241Met, XRCC3 gene genotyping was determined by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP).Results. Statistical analysis (OR, recessive model), did not revealed an increased risk for lung cancer, for the variant 241Met allele and Thr241Met genotypes (p=0.138, OR=0.634, CI=0.348-1.157; p=0.023, OR=0.257, CI=0.085-6.824). Also, there were no positive statistical associations between Thr241Met polymorphism of XRCC3 gene, gender, tobacco and various histopathological tumor type of lung cancer.Conclusion. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that the XRCC3 gene Thr241Met polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk for the development of lung cancer in this Romanian group.
Chemical exposure levels in printing and coating workers with cholangiocarcinoma (third report)
Authors: Yamada Kenichi , Kumagai Shinji , Kubo Shoji , Endo Ginji
Published: October 2015

Chemical exposure levels in printing and coating workers with cholangiocarcinoma (third report): Kenichi Yamada, et al. Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association

Objective

This study aimed to identify the chemicals used by five printing workers and one coating worker who developed cholangiocarcinoma and estimate the workers’ levels of chemical exposure.

Methods

We obtained information on chemicals from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, and estimated working environment concentrations of the chemicals in printing and coating rooms and exposure concentrations during the ink and dirt removal processes. We also calculated shift time‐weighted averages of exposure concentrations.

Results

All five printing workers were exposed to both 1,2‐dichloropropane (1,2‐DCP) and dichloromethane (DCM). The estimated maximum exposure concentrations for each of the five workers were 190 to 560 ppm for 1,2‐DCP and 300 to 980 ppm for DCM, and the estimated shift average exposure concentrations were 0 to 230 ppm for 1,2‐DCP and 20 to 470 ppm for DCM. The coating worker was exposed to 1,2‐DCP, but not DCM. He did not use ink, and thus was subjected to different conditions than the printing workers. The estimated maximum exposure concentration of 1,2‐DCP was 150 ppm, and the estimated shift time‐weighted average exposure concentration was 5 to 19 ppm.

Conclusions

Our findings support the notion that 1,2‐DCP contributes to the development of cholangiocarcinoma in humans and the notion that DCM may also be a contributing factor. The finding that the coating worker was exposed to 1,2‐DCP at a lower exposure concentration is important for determining the occupational exposure limit. Furthermore, the subject did not use ink, which suggests that ink did not contribute to the development of cholangiocarcinoma.
Stigma and Parenting Children Conceived From Sexual Violence
Authors: Rouhani Shada A. , Scott Jennifer , Greiner Ashley , Albutt Katherine , Hacker Michele R. , Kuwert Philipp , VanRooyen Michael , Bartels Susan
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Since armed conflict began in 1996, widespread sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has resulted in many sexual violence-related pregnancies (SVRPs). However, there are limited data on the relationships between mothers and their children from sexual violence. This study aimed to evaluate the nature and determinants of these maternal–child relationships.

METHODS:

Using respondent-driven sampling, 757 women raising children from SVRPs in South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo were interviewed. A parenting index was created from questions assessing the maternal–child relationship. The influences of social stigma, family and community acceptance, and maternal mental health on the parenting index were assessed in univariate and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS:

The majority of mothers reported positive attitudes toward their children from SVRPs. Prevalence of perceived family or community stigma toward the women or their children ranged from 31.8% to 42.9%, and prevalence of perceived family or community acceptance ranged from 45.2% to 73.5%. In multivariable analyses, stigma toward the child, as well as maternal anxiety and depression, were associated with lower parenting indexes, whereas acceptance of the mother or child and presence of a spouse were associated with higher parenting indexes (all P ≤ .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study with a large sample size, stigma and mental health disorders negatively influenced parenting attitudes, whereas family and community acceptance were associated with adaptive parenting attitudes. Interventions to reduce stigmatization, augment acceptance, and improve maternal mental health may improve the long-term well-being of mothers and children from SVRPs.
Hospital Variation in Health Care Utilization by Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Ralston Shawn L. , Harrison Wade , Wasserman Jared , Goodman David C.
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:

Although children with medical complexity have high health care needs, little is known about the variation in care provided between centers. This information may be particularly useful in identifying opportunities to improve quality and reduce costs.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective population-based observational cohort study using all payer claims databases for children aged 30 days to <18 years residing in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont from 2007 to 2010. We identified hospital-affiliated cohorts (n = 6) of patients (n = 8216) with medical complexity by using diagnostic codes from both inpatient and outpatient claims. Children were assigned to the hospital where they received the most inpatient days, or their outpatient visits if no hospitalization occurred. Outcomes of interest included patient encounters, medical imaging, and diagnostic testing. Adjusted relative rates were calculated with overdispersed Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:

Adjusting for patient characteristics, the number of inpatient (relative rate 0.84 vs 2.28) and intensive care days (relative rate 0.45 vs 1.28) varied by more than twofold, whereas office (relative rate 0.77 vs 1.12) and emergency department visits (relative rate 0.71 vs 1.37) varied to a lesser extent. There was also marked variation in the use of imaging, and other diagnostic tests, with particularly high variation in electrocardiography (relative rate 0.35 vs 2.81) and head MRI (relative rate 0.72 vs 2.12).

CONCLUSIONS:

Depending on where they receive care, children with medical complexity experience widely different patterns of utilization. These findings indicate the need for identifying best practices for this growing patient population.
Surgical Site Infection Reduction by the Solutions for Patient Safety Hospital Engagement Network
Authors: Schaffzin Joshua K. , Harte Lory , Marquette Scott , Zieker Karen , Wooton Sharyl , Walsh Kathleen , Newland Jason G.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) negatively affect patients and the health care system. National standards for SSI prevention do not exist in pediatric settings. We sought to reduce SSI-related harm by implementing a prevention bundle through the Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS) national hospital engagement network.

METHODS:

Our study period was January 2011 to December 2013. We formed a national workgroup of content and quality improvement experts. We focused on 3 procedure types at high risk for SSIs: cardiothoracic, neurosurgical shunt, and spinal fusion surgeries. We used the Model for Improvement methodology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SSI definition. After literature review and consultation with experts, we distributed a recommended bundle among network partners. Institutions were permitted to adopt all or part of the bundle and reported local bundle adherence and SSI rates monthly. Our learning network used webinars, discussion boards, targeted leader messaging, and in-person learning sessions.

RESULTS:

Recommended bundle elements encompassed proper preoperative bathing, intraoperative skin antisepsis, and antibiotic delivery. Within 6 months, the network achieved 96.7% reliability among institutions reporting adherence data. A 21% reduction in SSI rate was reported across network hospitals, from a mean baseline rate of 2.5 SSIs per 100 procedures to a mean rate of 1.8 SSIs per 100 procedures. The reduced rate was sustained for 15 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Adoption of a SSI prevention bundle with concomitant reliability measurement reduced the network SSI rate. Linking reliability measurement to standardization at an institutional level may lead to safer care.
Effectiveness and Cost of Bidirectional Text Messaging for Adolescent Vaccines and Well Care
Authors: O'Leary Sean T. , Lee Michelle , Lockhart Steven , Eisert Sheri , Furniss Anna , Barnard Juliana , Shmueli Doron , Stokley Shannon , Dickinson L. Miriam , Kempe Allison
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effectiveness and cost of bidirectional short messaging service in increasing rates of vaccination and well child care (WCC) among adolescents.

METHODS:

We included all adolescents needing a recommended adolescent vaccine (n = 4587) whose parents had a cell-phone number in 5 private and 2 safety-net pediatric practices. Adolescents were randomized to intervention (n = 2228) or control (n = 2359). Parents in the intervention group received up to 3 personalized short messaging services with response options 1 (clinic will call to schedule), 2 (parent will call clinic), or STOP (no further short messaging service). Primary outcomes included completion of all needed services, WCC only, all needed vaccinations, any vaccination, and missed opportunity for vaccination.

RESULTS:

Intervention patients were more likely to complete all needed services (risk ratio [RR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.53), all needed vaccinations (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12–1.50), and any vaccination (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.54). Seventy-five percent of control patients had a missed opportunity versus 69% of intervention (P = .002). There was not a significant difference for WCC visits. Responding that the clinic should call to schedule (“1”) was associated with the highest effect size for completion of all needed services (RR 1.89, 95% CI 1.41–2.54). Net cost ranged from $855 to $3394 per practice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bidirectional short messaging service to parents was effective at improving rates for all adolescent vaccinations and for all needed services, especially among parents who responded they desired a call from the practice.
Incidence of Dravet Syndrome in a US Population
Authors: Wu Yvonne W. , Sullivan Joseph , McDaniel Sharon S. , Meisler Miriam H. , Walsh Eileen M. , Li Sherian Xu , Kuzniewicz Michael W.
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:

De novo mutations of the gene sodium channel 1α (SCN1A) are the major cause of Dravet syndrome, an infantile epileptic encephalopathy. US incidence of DS has been estimated at 1 in 40 000, but no US epidemiologic studies have been performed since the advent of genetic testing.

METHODS:

In a retrospective, population-based cohort of all infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during 2007–2010, we electronically identified patients who received ≥2 seizure diagnoses before age 12 months and who were also prescribed anticonvulsants at 24 months. A child neurologist reviewed records to identify infants who met 4 of 5 criteria for clinical Dravet syndrome: normal development before seizure onset; ≥2 seizures before age 12 months; myoclonic, hemiclonic, or generalized tonic-clonic seizures; ≥2 seizures lasting >10 minutes; and refractory seizures after age 2 years. SCN1A gene sequencing was performed as part of routine clinical care.

RESULTS:

Eight infants met the study criteria for clinical Dravet syndrome, yielding an incidence of 1 per 15 700. Six of these infants (incidence of 1 per 20 900) had a de novo SCN1A missense mutation that is likely to be pathogenic. One infant had an inherited SCN1A variant that is unlikely to be pathogenic. All 8 experienced febrile seizures, and 6 had prolonged seizures lasting >10 minutes by age 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS:

Dravet syndrome due to an SCN1A mutation is twice as common in the United States as previously thought. Genetic testing should be considered in children with ≥2 prolonged febrile seizures by 1 year of age.
DOMESTIC EXOTICISM
Authors: Mitsui Toru
Published: October 2015

Mitsui's article addresses the domestic self-exoticisation of Japanese popular music through the incorporation of elements of traditional main-island Japanese, Okinawan and/or Asian Pacific regional music. As Mitsui discusses, while related to both the international vogues for folk music (in the 1960&-70s) and world music (in the 1980&-90s), this tendency in Japanese music has been a distinctly local phenomenon which evidences both an introverted and a pan-Asian pop sensibility.
'QUALITY' CRITICISM
Authors: Evans Mark
Published: October 2015

Evans' article has a contemporary focus, addressing the nature of reviewing practice in the Australia's two principal 'quality' rock monthlies Juice and Rolling Stone. His study is premised on statistical analyses of the thematic content and address of reviews and provides a valuable framework for understanding two prime loci of reviewing practices which have helped shape a national field of taste. In conducting the statistical analyses presented in this article, the survey periods adopted for data collection were: six years of Rolling Stone, beginning January 1989 and concluding January 1995; and two years of Juice, from the magazine's inception in March 1993 through to March 1995. A database was established from the information contained within the album review sections of each magazine. The chosen fields under which the data was gathered were: the date of publication; the reviewed album's name; the artist's name; the reviewer; the star rating given to the album by the reviewer; and the artist's country of origin.3
THE RECONCILING OF PORT FAIRY SPIRITS
Authors: Stubbington Jill
Published: October 2015

Jill Stubbington 's article addresses the topic of Australian folk music, or rather 'folk club' music as she specifically identifies it; and the manner in which a recent CD compilation of South Australia's Port Fairy folk festival can been seen to promote the reconciliation of Aboriginal and Euro-Australian populations. Her study is particularly timely, in an Australian context, given the polarisation of political debate on Aboriginal issues, and, most particularly, the rise of Pauline Hanson's overtly-racist One Nation party.
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Straw Will
Published: October 2015

Review essay covering two books: Tony Mitchell ( 1996) Popular Music and Local Identity: Rock, Pop and Rap in Europe and Oceania, London and New York: Leicester University Press Timothy D. Taylor (1997) Global Pop: World Music, World Markets, New York and London: Routledge
THE PLACE OF (MUSIC)OLOGY IN THE STUDY OF MUSIC PRODUCTION
Authors: Cole Fred , Hannan Michael
Published: October 2015

Cole and Hannan reply to Chan's critique (1998) of their work on Goa Trance music (1997),
STRICTLY BALLROOM
Authors: Hosokawa Shuhei
Published: October 2015

Hosokawa begins this issue with a detailed documentation of the rumba's evolution in 1930s Japan. Through comprehensive empirical research, Hosokawa is able to draw out the sociological and nationalistic implications the rumba held for Japanese people of the time.
FLYING SAUCER ROCK AND ROLL
Authors: Doyle Peter
Published: October 2015

This article provides an overview and distillation of trends and themes evident in press writings of the 1950s which dealt contemporaneously with the emergence of rock and roll music in Australia. About fifty explicit references are given, selected from a much larger sampling of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, magazines, 'serious' journals and paperback non-fiction of the period.
SCREEN SCORES
Authors: Fitzgerald Jon
Published: October 2015

Extended review of Coyle, Rebecca (ed) (1998) Screen Scores: Studies·in Contemporary Australian Film Music, Sydney: Australian Film Television and Radio School
DIABETUS MELLITUS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Akchurin R. S. , Vlasova E. E. , Mershin K. V.
Published: October 2015

Nearly 40-year experience of surgical treatment of coronary heart disease testifies to higher coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality rates among diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to non-diabetic patients. At the same time, comparative study of CHD treatment methods efficacy in diabetes mellitus patients has shown that surgery is preferred to angioplasty, especially in the most severe cases – in presence of coronary occlusion, insulin-dependent diabetes and left-ventricle dysfunction. More inferior results of coronary bypass surgery in diabetic patients in comaparison to non-diabetic were conditional on a more pronounced arterial calcinosis and diffuse distal arterial involvement, as well as more severe aortal ateromatosis, flebopathy and more often wound infection occurrence. In the department of cardio-vascular surgery in Russian cardiologic scientific productive complex a quarter of all patients waiting for the coronary bypass surgery are diabetic. Selection algorithm, preoperation preparation, peculiarities of surgical technique and principles of postoperative supervision of these patients were specially designed. With adequate preparation, remission of diabetes and use of microsurgery, postoperative prognosis for these patients (both stratified and real) is comparative to that for the main group of patients. One-year follow up after the bypass surgery data testifies to the low difference in autovenous and autoarterial shunt patency in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Long-term (10 years) survival rate is significantly lower in the group of diabetic patients. Proposed cardioprotective postoperative strategy is designed to improve both short and long-term efficacy of surgical revascularization in CHD patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus.
«OTHER TYPES» OF DIABETES: CONTRA-INSULAR HORMONES AND GENETIC PREDISPOSITION, NEW HORIZONS OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Mel'nichenko G. A. , Glinkina I. V. , Surovtseva D. M.
Published: October 2015

This article deals with various specific types of diabetes mellitus and other carbohydrate metabolism distortions occurring against the background of different endocrinopathies: hypercorticism, acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma and other. Epidemiology of carbohydrate metabolism distortions as well as pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperglycemia development in various endocrinopathies are included in the article, the necessity of endocrinopathy screening among patients with refractory carbohydrate metabolism distortions is substantiated, objectives and tactics of glucose-reduction-therapy in these patients are defiend. This article also contains data upon prevalence and prevention of long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.
MODERN ASPECTS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND DIABETIC MACULAR OEDEMA TREATMENT
Authors: Neroev V. V.
Published: October 2015

Main reasons of eyesight deterioration in diabetic patients are diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO). International multicenter studies have shown that retinal laser coagulation in the event of DMO decreases the risk of eyesight loss in 50% , though only in 16% patients it was also possible to improve their eyesight. Use of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor – Ranibizumab – have opened a new era in DMA treatment. It’s efficacy and safety have been proven in several international studies. This article contains our own data upon the use of Lucentis in patients with DMO. Intravitreal Lucentis injections and subsequent retinal lasercoagulation in the macular zone were performed on 43 eyes; follow up period – 6 months. Additional injections were required in 19 cases, average amount of injections – 1,4. Mean corrected visual acuity before the treatment was 0,37±0,06, after7 days, 1, 3 and 6 months - respectively 0,41±0,06, 0,49±0,06, 0,51±0,07 and 0,52±0,07 (р0,05). Mean retina thickness in central zone was 428±25 mkm before treatment, 391±24 mkm 7 days after the last injection 349±23, 313±21 and 308±20mkm (р0,05) after 1, 3 and 6 months. In addition to that Lucentis use in preoperative period in patients with non-complicated proliferative DR allowed to decrease the risk of hemorrhagic complications. Thereby, intravitreal injections of Lucentis improve functional result of treatment of patients with DMO, increase efficacy and safety of surgical interventions in patients with complicated forms of proliferating DR.
IgE-RESPONSE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF PANDEMIC VACCINE STRAIN A/CALIFORNIA/7/2009 (H1N1) v
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Terkacheva O. A. , Zhirova S. N. , Cherdanchev A. P. , Erofeeva M. K.
Published: October 2015

Changes in total and allergy-specific IgE (IgE-antibodies) in 70 healthy volunteers vaccinated with influenza vaccine subunit strain A/California/7/2009/(H1N1). Safety of this vaccine was shown. Repeated second dose administration is not accompanied by increase in IgE-antibodies to egg components. Vaccine injection results in decrease of total IgE in patients with elevated IgE at baseline.
SAFETY OF RETROVIRAL VECTORS IN GENE THERAPY
Authors: Bogoslovskaya E. V. , Glazkova D. V. , Shipulin G. A. , Pokrovskii V. V.
Published: October 2015

Retroviral vectors are widely used in gene therapy and found to be an effective tool for the delivery of genetic constructs into cells. A unique feature of these vectors is the ability to incorporate therapeutic genes into a chromosome that ensures its passage to all progeny cells and enables to cure the diseases requiring genetic correction of dividing cells such as hematopoietic cells or skin cells. Retroviral vectors have been successfully used in gene therapy clinical trials for the treatment of 2 forms of severe combined immunodeficiencies and some other hereditary blood disorders. However, the integration of the vector into the chromosome was accompanied by genotoxicity and caused development of hematologic malignancies in several patients. Later it was shown that genotoxicity is not a general feature of retroviral vectors but it depends on many factors. In the present article we discuss safety issues concerning the use of different retroviral vectors in gene therapy. The description of modern vectors which designed to avoid the genotoxicity and other possible side effects are given.
NEW THERAPY SCHEMES FOR ACUTE, SUBACUTE AND CHRONIC VARIANTS OF EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS
Authors: Makar'yants N. N. , Shmelev E. I.
Published: October 2015

In order to improve treatment of patients with exogenous allergic alveolitis morphologically different variants of the disease, i.e. acute, subacute and chronic were identified and confirmed. For each variant of exogenous allergic alveolitis new therapy schemes were proposed. The study included 74 patients who were divided into 5 groups. In the first group with acute exogenous allergic alveolitis inhalation glycocorticosteroids in high doses in combination with plasmapheresis were prescribed, in the second group standard therapy with systemic glycocorticosteroids was prescribed. The third and the fourth group consisted of patients with subacute exogenous allergic alveolitis. The protracted ambroxol inhalation using nebulizers and the reduced dose of systemic glycocorticosteroids were used in the third group; and the standard dose of systemic glycocorticosteroids was used in the fourth. The fifth group consisted of patients with chronic exogenous allergic alveolitis, who received the standard dose of glycocorticosteroids and cytostatic drugs. After one month of therapy, it was ascertained that the use of high doses of inhalation glycocorticosteroids in combination with plasmapheresis in patients with acute exogenous allergic alveolitis led to significant improvements in clinical and CT presentation, physical activity tolerance, as well as the use of systemic glycocorticosteroids. The use of ambroxol inhalation in patients with subacute exogenous allergic alveolitis led to a significant improvement in clinical symptomatology, functional parameters and CT presentation, thus enabling to reduce the dose of glycocorticosteroids used and to avoid unwanted side effects.
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Tyul'pakov A. I. , Chekhonin V. P. , Baklaushev V. P. , Archakov A. I. , Moshkovskii S. A.
Published: October 2015

A review describes general trends and directions of personalized medicine. These include, but not limited to, prediction of disease based on genomic data, diagnostics and therapy monitoring using genomic and postgenomic technologies as well as therapeutic drug monitoring and regenerative cell technologies. The personalized medicine is considered in terms of results of the Human Genome Project and succeeding Human Proteome Project. An importance of personalized approach for modern medicine is emphasized.
CLINICAL AND GENETIC SPECIAL FEATURES OF NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE, TYPE C
Authors: Zakharova E. Yu. , Mikhailova S. V. , Proshlyakova T. Yu. , Rudenskaya G. E.
Published: October 2015

Niemann-Pick disease, type C is a rare hereditary disorder of the group of lisosomal storage diseases, caused by mutations in the genes NPC1 or NPC2. Depending on the onset age, several clinical forms of this disease, which differs by manifestation age, main clinical signs and clinical course, are distinguished. Niemann-Pick disease type C can imitate other hereditary and acquired diseases, which complicates its early diagnostics. Clinical and genetic diversity of this disorder, considered on the clinical cases diagnosed at the FSI «RCMG» of RAMS, are discussed in this review.
LIFE AND WORKS OF ACADEMICIAN L.A. ORBELI (IN HONOR OF 130TH YEAR ANNIVERSARY)
Authors: Astavatsaturov A. E.
Published: October 2015

This work is dedicated to academician L.A.Orbeli, collaborator of legendary Ivan Pavlov, his talented entourage. It provides background information about Orbeli family and the destiny of the three Orbeli brothers, leading scientists who have made significant contributions to science and practice. It reminds us about dramatic events which made great harm to research work of our biologists, medical workers and their use of genetics in their country. One can also find some facts of adherence to principles and dedication to science which are useful for young scientists who are facing salvation of anti-crisis problems of global scale.
COMBINED USE CONVENTIONAL AND VIDEOENDOSURGERY IN PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY
Authors: Ryabov A. B. , Lebedev V. I. , Volobuev A. V. , Kazantsev A. P. , Kerimov P. A. , Rubansky M. A. , Nechushkina I. V. , Kapkova O. A. , Rybakova D. V. , Polyakov V. G.
Published: October 2015

The autors report original date on the combined use of videosurgery and open surgical intervention in 3 patients. One (1 yr 10 mo) had neuroblastoma in the posterior mediastinum spreading to the retroperitoneal region, another (5 yr) presented with neuroblastoma in the thoracic aperture region spreading to the neck, the third one (14 yr) suffered limphoepithelioma-like cancer of the thymus. The combined treatment permits to optimize the surgical procedure and avoid additional use of thoraco- and laparotomy.
SIGNIFICANCE AND ROLE OF HORMONE DETECTION METHODS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AS A BIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE
Authors: Goncharov N. P.
Published: October 2015

This review covers the development of technology and methods of hormone detection in the human biological environment: from radioimmunological technique to various immune-enzyme methods. Modern ultrasensitive methods of immuneanalysis, which function on the principle of luminescent or fluorescent signal detection, are described in the article. In the recent years physiochemical ultrasensitive methods of detection using mass-spectrometry in combination with high resolution liquid chromatography are being more acknowledged and in perspective will become the leading technique of biological detection. This article also lists main achievements reached using aforesaid methods of hormone detection both in fundamental and in clinical endocrinology.
THE STRUCTURE OF LIVER, LUNG, KIDNEYS, HEART AND SPLEEN OF RATS AFTER REPEATED INTRAVENOUS APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES MAGNETITE
Authors: Mil'to I. V. , Sukhodolo I. V.
Published: October 2015

Effects of multiple intravenous magnetite nanosuspension injections on the structure of rat liver, lungs, kidney, heart and spleen have been studied. Histology of the organs listed have found haemodynamic distortions and necrotic lesions in the parenchyma of these organs. With the help of Pearls histochemical method significant piling of nanoparticles were found in the cells of the mononuclear phagocytes in liver, lungs and spleen of the rats. Only singular Pearls-positive cells were found in kidneys and hearts of the rats.
MODERN WAYS OF TREATMENT OF THE INFECTION THE BOTTOM DEPARTMENT OF SEXUAL WAYS OF WOMEN
Authors: Sidorova I. S. , Belopol'skaya Kh. A.
Published: October 2015

In article various ways of increase of efficiency of treatment of is mixed the bacterial-virus infection of the bottom department of sexual ways at women by means of application in complex therapy of homologous bacteriophages, pectovit, antiviral –immunomodulation therapies and sated with oxygen (oxygenic) water solutions of antiseptic tanks are considered. The scientifically-practical urgency of this problem is represented and actual for the decision of an important social and economic problem of improvement of quality of life, decrease in number of infectious complications and perfection of the medical help to sick women with frequent recidives an infection of the bottom department of sexual ways.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION H2S-POSITIVE NEURONS IN THE NUCLEI OF BULBAR CARDIOVASCULAR CENTER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION
Authors: Chertok V. M. , Kotsyuba A. E.
Published: October 2015

Immunocytochemical method in Wistar rats in 6 nuclei of the medulla oblongata, related to the cardiovascular center, identified nerve cells (H2S-neurons) with a positive reaction to cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) — an enzyme involved in the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide in the brain. Found that in rats with renovascular hypertension only after 6 weeks of hypertension in the neurons of the reticular nuclei observed a significant reduction of CBS, while the number of H2S-positive cells in this period does not change significantly. Only at week 12 renovascular hypertension notes marked reduction in the proportion of positive H2S-neurons in the reticular nuclei of most of the medial zone, although further reduction in the intensity of the enzymatic reaction in the neurons were observed. Between 14-16 weeks of hypertension to further reduce the proportion of neurons and H2S-content of the enzyme is not observed. In a single nucleus and reticular lateral nucleus, which receive afferent impulses in the development of renovascular hypertension specify the minimum change of the indicators.