bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Art Online Design Based on Digital Simulation Technology
Authors: Gao Song
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the humanization and convenience of online art design, this paper applies digital simulation technology to the art online design system and establishes a set of sequential multi-free-form surface design methods. Based on the obtained front free-form surfaces, this paper establishes the relationship between the discrete points on the subsequent free-form surfaces and their spatial solid angles and, through extremely complex theoretical deduction, finally obtains the subsequent free-form surfaces. In addition, by combining the two free-form surfaces to enter the 3D modeling software, we can obtain an optical lens with multiple free-form surfaces to improve the digital simulation effect. Finally, this paper uses the intelligent system constructed in this paper to conduct multiple sets of simulation experiments to evaluate the digital effect and artistic design effect of the system constructed in this paper. From the experimental research, it can be known that the art online design system based on digital simulation technology constructed in this paper basically meets the expected goals of the system constructed in this paper.
Changes in Eating Habits and Lifestyles in a Peruvian Population during Social Isolation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Huancahuire-Vega Salomón , Newball-Noriega Edda E. , Rojas-Humpire Ricardo , Saintila Jacksaint , Rodriguez-Vásquez Mery , Ruiz-Mamani Percy. G. , Morales-García Wilter C. , White Michael
Published: December 2021

Background. Peru has one of the highest infection and death rates in the world for the COVID-19 pandemic. The government implemented house confinement measures with probable consequences on lifestyle, particularly affecting eating habits, physical activity, sleep quality, and mental health. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyles, physical activity, and sleep characteristics, as well as changes in eating habits in a Peruvian population during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. We analyzed Peruvian adults based on an online self-administered questionnaire divided into sociodemographic, anthropometrics, COVID-19 diagnosis reported, lifestyle habits, and frequency of consumption of foods. Results. During confinement for COVID-19, 1176 participants were studied. Of these, most reported weight gain (1 to 3 kg) and 35.7% were overweight. The lifestyles habits showed that 54.8% reported doing physical activity and 37.2% sleep less. The Peruvian sample presented a main meal pattern of breakfast (95.7%), lunch (97.5%), and dinner (89.1%). Likewise, eating habits before and during COVID-19 pandemic showed that vegetables (OR:1.56, CI95% 1.21–200), fruit (OR: 1.42, CI95% 1.10–1.81), legumes (OR:1.67, CI95% 1.23–2.28), and eggs (OR: 2.00, CI95% 1.52–2.65) presented significant consumption increase during social isolation, while bakery products (OR: 0.74, CI95% 0.56–0.97), meat, snack, refreshment, and fast food decreased in consumption. Other foods showed no significant differences. Conclusion. This study showed an important frequency of overweight and sleep changes. There was a slight increase in physical activity despite the social isolation measures and an increase in healthy eating habits; nevertheless, the majority reported gaining weight.
RNF12 Promotes Glioblastoma Malignant Proliferation via Destructing RB1 and Regulating MAPK Pathway
Authors: Sun Eryi , Zhang Ping
Published: December 2021

Background. RNF12 has been linked to a variety of biological activities, including the control of the MDM2/P53 pathway, although its additional functions remain unclear. RNF12 was discovered to be a new ubiquitin ligase (E3) for RB1, amongst the most frequently repressed proteins in cancer of human. Method. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the cell proliferation; coimmunoprecipitation was used to determine that RNF12 interacts with RB1. Xenograft studies were used to verify the results. Result. In vivo and in vitro RNF12 interacts with RB1 regardless of E3 ligase activity. The ubiquitination of RB1 by RNF12 had an effect on its stability. RNF12 inhibits the RB1 protein and stimulates the MAPK pathway, promoting the growth of GBMs. Conclusion. Our findings show that RNF12 may operate as a tumour promoter by modulating the cancerous proliferation of glioblastoma by controlling the activity of a new RNF12/RB1/MAPK pathway regulatory axis and that this regulatory axis might be a valuable diagnostic focus in glioblastoma.
Effect of Chemical Challenges on the Properties of Composite Resins
Authors: Geha Omar , Inagaki Luciana Tiemi , Favaro Jaqueline Costa , González Alejandra Hortencia Miranda , Guiraldo Ricardo Danil , Lopes Murilo Baena , Berger Sandrine Bittencourt
Published: December 2021

Objective. To evaluate the chemical degradation effect on microhardness and roughness of composite resins after aging. Materials and Methods. Specimens (n = 10) were used for Filtek Z350 XT (Z350), Filtek Bulk Fill (BULK), Micerium HRI (HRI), Micerium BIOFUNCION (BIO), and Vittra APS (VITTRA). Microhardness and roughness were performed before and after degradation with the followed solutions: citric acid, phosphoric acid, 75% alcohol, and distilled water. Samples were to a 180-day chemical cycling protocol. After degradation, one sample of each group was selected for scanning electron microscope evaluation. The data were analyzed with normal distribution (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) and similarities of variations for the Bartlett test. ANOVA (two-way) followed by Tukey’s test was performed considering treatment and composite resin

P
<
0.05

. Results. For microhardness and roughness, variations were noted to different solution and resin formulations. Z350 and HRI showed higher microhardness percentage loss, and it was more evident after storage in alcohol (−48.49 ± 20.16 and −25.02 ± 14.04, respectively) and citric acid (−65.05 ± 28.97 and 16.12 ± 8.35, respectively). For roughness, Z350 and VITTRA showed less delta values after alcohol storage (−0.047 ± 0.007 and −0.022 ± 0.009, respectively). HRI had the worst roughness for citric acid (−0.090 ± 0.025). All resins were not statistically different between each other in water and phosphoric acid. Conclusion. The formulations of restorative resin materials influenced in degree of surface degradation after 180 days of chemical degradation. Water was considered the solution that causes less degradation for microhardness and roughness evaluations. For microhardness, alcohol was considered the worst solution for Z350 and HRI. For superficial roughness, Z350 and VITTRA showed less degradation in alcohol and citric and phosphoric acid solutions.
Functionalized Ferroferric Oxide Nanomagnetic Beads for Extraction of Nucleic Acid and Its Application in Early Screening of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Pei Bing , Zhang Zhenjiang , Sun Jian , Qi xiaoYan , Cui Qian , Yan you de , Wang xiaoYan , Yang Miaomiao , Song Chunjie , Yin Lingsi , Wu Juan , Geng Zhixin , Wang Yue Bang , Lu Yi
Published: December 2021

Early screening is an important way to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Fecal DNA testing stands out among many screening methods due to its high sensitivity. However, at this stage, researchers have not found a high-efficiency method for fecal DNA extraction. To this end, this work carried out a new round of exploration. Here, this experiment synthesized a kind of nanomagnetic beads (NH2-SiO2@Fe3O4) with good stability for nucleic acid extraction. A comparative study with the centrifugal adsorption column method revealed the significant advantages of the magnetic bead method in extracting fecal DNA. The DNA extracted by the magnetic bead method is of high purity, can also achieve high-throughput tests, and is more suitable for polymerase chain reaction detection, greatly simplifying the stool DNA detection process and providing a basis for the widespread promotion of early screening.
Utilization of Pectin from Okra as Binding Agent in Immediate Release Tablets
Authors: Owusu Frederick W. A. , Boakye-Gyasi Mariam E. , Entsie Philomena , Bayor Marcel T. , Ofori-Kwakye Kwabena
Published: December 2021

Polymeric materials from plants continue to be of interest to pharmaceutical scientists as potential binders in immediate release tablets due to availability, sustainability, and constant supply to feed local pharmaceutical industries. Paracetamol tablet formulations were utilized in investigating the potential binding characteristics of pectin harnessed from various okra genotypes (PC1‐PC5) in Ghana. The pectin yields from the different genotypes ranged from 6.12 to 18.84%w/w. The pH of extracted pectin ranged from 6.39 to 6.92, and it had good swelling indices and a low moisture content. Pectin extracted from all genotypes were evaluated as binders (10, 15, and 20%w/v) and compared to tragacanth BP. All formulated tablets (F1‐F18) passed the weight uniformity, drug content, hardness, and friability tests. Based on their crushing strength, tablets prepared with pectin from the various genotypes were relatively harder (P ≤ 0.05) than tablets prepared with tragacanth BP. Tablets prepared with pectins as binders at 10%w/v and 15%w/v passed the disintegration and dissolution tests with the exception of PC4 at 15%w/v. Incorporation of pectin from all genotypes (excluding PC5) as a binder at concentrations above 15%w/v (F13, F16, F14, and F15) produced tablets which failed the disintegration test and showed poor dissolution profiles. Thus, pectin from these genotypes can be industrially commodified as binders in immediate release tablets using varying concentrations.
The Benefits of Cooperative Learning of Language in Different Subject Lessons as Seen by Primary School Pupils: The Case of One Lithuanian City School
Authors: Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė Daiva
Published: December 2021

Contemporary educational theory and practice promote the development of subject-specific and generic competences. Cooperative learning is a generic competence whose development is recommended in all subject lessons/activities. The development of fundamental individual values that rely not only on individual achievements but also on empathy and helping others, the ability to listen, mentor, and assist is integral to primary education. Such education is supported by positive inclusion in the process and good-willed communication within the group to achieve a common result. It is through achieving common goals and witnessing the variety of activity approaches that certain activities become a success. The study aimed to include all students in the development process on the basis of cooperative learning and improve each and every student’s individual learning of language performance in all subjects. The study is based on 186 first-to-fourth-year students from one major city school, representing a total of 8 classes. After the school-wide activities on cooperative learning, all pupils took part in a questionnaire survey halfway through the school year. The survey used a written questionnaire. The questions in the questionnaire were designed to explore pupils’ attitudes towards school and language-related aspects of successful group cooperation. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 20. The data analysis used a descriptive approach, calculating the answers chosen by the pupils. An analysis of the survey results shows that the majority of pupils in years 1 to 4 think they can work in groups and cooperate because they are willing to listen to others, explain and help others, are not bored, are interested in working together, and are interested in learning new subjects.
An Adaptive Operational Modal Analysis Method Using Encoder LSTM with Random Decrement Technique
Authors: Qin Min , Chen Huaihai , Zheng Ronghui , Gao Tianci
Published: December 2021

A new parameter identification method under non‐white noise excitation using transformer encoder and long short‐term memory networks (LSTMs) is proposed in the paper. In this work, the random decrement technique (RDT) processing of the data is equivalent to eliminating the noise of the raw data. In general, the addition of the gate in LSTM allows the network to selectively store data, which avoids gradient disappearance and gradient explosion to a certain extent. It is worthwhile mentioning that the encoder can learn the essence of data, which reduces the burden for the LSTM. More specifically, establish as simple LSTM structure as possible to learn the data of this essence to achieve the best training effect. Finally, the proposed method is used for simulation and experimental verification, and the results show that the method has the advantages of high recognition accuracy, strong anti‐noise ability, and fast convergence rate. Specially, the results indicated appropriate accuracy proposed by deep learning combined with traditional method for parameter identification as well as proper performance of the proposed method.
Acute Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Misdiagnosed as Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Sedaghattalab Moslem , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein
Published: December 2021

Hypopituitarism refers to insufficient secretion of the pituitary hormones. Patients with acute adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency may be presented with fatigue, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting, or nonspecific abdominal pain. This study described an unusual case of hypopituitarism in a patient who presented with general abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and hypoglycemia. At first, the patient was admitted with the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, but after treatment of hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency, his symptoms resolved completely, without the need for surgery. Hypopituitarism and secondary adrenal insufficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the patients who present with acute abdomen, hypotension, or hypoglycemia.
Modeling the Empowerment Mechanism of Knowledge Collaboration from the Perspective of Platform Affordances
Authors: Jiao Zeyu , Chen Jianbin
Published: December 2021

In the digital economy era, knowledge platforms have both the functions of knowledge collaboration and social media. At the same time, how to promote knowledge collaboration through platform empowerment is getting more and more attention. Since there are few types of research on how to realize the micromechanism of platform empowerment, the purpose of this paper is to take knowledge platforms as an example to study the conceptual system of platform affordances based on the social-technical perspective. Through the theoretical integration of technological empowerment and authorization empowerment, this paper provides new perspectives and future themes for explaining the platform empowerment mechanism of knowledge collaboration. As for the method, the deductive research approach is adopted in this paper. First, through the critical literature review, the gaps in platform empowerment research have been identified. Second, from the analysis of the characteristics of knowledge platforms such as Wukong Q&A and Zhihu, the relationship between platform affordances, platform organizational characteristics, and customer needs has been explored. In the final, according to knowledge platform characteristics, the conceptual system of platform affordances has been deduced. The result shows that through integrating organizational theory, knowledge management theory, and platform ecological viewpoints, the main components of the affordances of knowledge platforms have been summarized. In addition, the relevance of those components to the functions, interfaces and rules of the platform system has been illustrated, and the corresponding relationship between the affordances of the platform and the main components of authorization empowerment has been established. With regard to the implication of this study, it establishes the theoretical connection between technological empowerment and authorization empowerment and provides a more intuitive and operable method for platform empowerment of knowledge collaboration through the perspective of social-technical interaction. This paper emphasizes that starting from the mission of the platform, the stickiness of the platform can be enhanced by building platform affordances. In addition, extensive development ideas that purely pursue Internet traffic and capital need to be avoided, which is conducive to the high-quality development of knowledge platforms and the digital economy. Furthermore, this paper calls for more research on the affordances and empowerment mechanism of the platform to provide theoretical guidance for the highly unified practice of platform organizational characteristics, platform system characteristics, and target customer needs, so as to develop a more active and meaningful platform knowledge management field.
Mesenchymal-Type Neuroblastoma Cells Escape ALK Inhibitors
Authors: Westerhout Ellen M. , Hamdi Mohamed , Stroeken Peter , Nowakowska Natalia E. , Lakeman Arjan , van Arkel Jennemiek , Hasselt Nancy E. , Bleijlevens Boris , Akogul Nurdan , Haneveld Franciska , Chan Alvin , van Sluis Peter , Zwijnenburg Danny , Volckmann Richard , van Noesel Carel J.M. , Adameyko Igor , van Groningen Tim , Koster Jan , Valentijn Linda J. , van Nes Johan , Versteeg Rogier
Published: December 2021

Cancer therapy frequently fails due to the emergence of resistance. Many tumors include phenotypically immature tumor cells, which have been implicated in therapy resistance. Neuroblastoma cells can adopt a lineage-committed adrenergic (ADRN) or an immature mesenchymal (MES) state. They differ in epigenetic landscape and transcription factors, and MES cells are more resistant to chemotherapy. Here we analyzed the response of MES cells to targeted drugs. Activating anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations are frequently found in neuroblastoma and ALK inhibitors (ALKi) are in clinical trials. ALKi treatment of ADRN neuroblastoma cells with a tumor-driving ALK mutation induced cell death. Conversely, MES cells did not express either mutant or wild-type ALK and were resistant to ALKi, and MES cells formed tumors that progressed under ALKi therapy. In assessing the role of MES cells in relapse development, TRAIL was identified to specifically induce apoptosis in MES cells and to suppress MES tumor growth. Addition of TRAIL to ALKi treatment of neuroblastoma xenografts delayed relapses in a subset of the animals, suggesting a role for MES cells in relapse formation. While ADRN cells resembled normal embryonal neuroblasts, MES cells resembled immature precursor cells, which also lacked ALK expression. Resistance to targeted drugs can therefore be an intrinsic property of immature cancer cells based on their resemblance to developmental precursors.

Significance:

In neuroblastoma, mesenchymal tumor cells lack expression of the tumor-driving ALK oncogene and are resistant to ALKi, but dual treatment with ALKi and mesenchymal cell–targeting TRAIL delays tumor relapse.
Ankle-Brachial Index Is a Predictor of In-Hospital Functional Status but Not of Complications in Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Authors: Maloberti Alessandro , Fribbi Francesco , Motto Elena , Vallerio Paola , Occhi Lucia , Palazzini Matteo , Peretti Alessio , Ferraro Giovanni , Agrati Antonio , Colombo Fabrizio , Giannattasio Cristina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Atherosclerosis causes a chronic reduction of vascularization with consequent impairment of the performance of organs, like the brain or muscles, which determines the functional and cognitive decline of the elderly and their ability to respond to acute stressful condition. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate if ankle brachial index (ABI) could effectively be a determinant of in-hospital functional status and complications in elderly hospitalized patients. Methods: This is a monocentric cross-sectional study of 189 patients aged 65 years or older. The study was undertaken at the Internal Medicine ward of Niguarda Hospital in Milan. ABI (BOSO ABY-System 100) and in-hospital status (activities of daily living, ADL and instrumental activities of daily living, IADL) were collected on the second day of hospitalization. Complications (falls and delirium episodes) were also recorded during the whole hospitalization period. Results: The average age of patients was 79.3 ± 6.9 years. Among outcomes, only ADL (r = 0.192, p = 0.007) and IADL score (r = 0.200, p = 0.005) showed significant correlation with ABI. Moreover, during the subsequent logistic regression, ABI remained among the statistically significant determinants of both scores (β = 0.231, p = 0.013 and β = 0.314, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The main result of our study is the finding of ABI as a significant determinant of acute in-hospital functional impairment (evaluated as ADL and IADL scores). The continuous exposure of the brain and muscles to the reduced perfusions induced by vascular atherosclerosis, probably determined the reduced ability to respond to stressful conditions.
ESCAPE: An Open-Label Trial of Personalized Immunotherapy in Critically lll COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Karakike Eleni , Dalekos George N. , Koutsodimitropoulos Ioannis , Saridaki Maria , Pourzitaki Chryssa , Papathanakos Georgios , Kotsaki Antigone , Chalvatzis Stamatios , Dimakopoulou Vasiliki , Vechlidis Nikolaos , Paramythiotou Elisabeth , Avgoustou Christina , Ioakeimidou Aikaterini , Kouriannidi Elli , Komnos Apostolos , Neou Evangelia , Rovina Nikoletta , Stefanatou Eleni , Milionis Haralampos , Nikolaidis George , Koutsoukou Antonia , Damoraki Georgia , Dimopoulos George , Zoumpos Vassileios , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , Akinosoglou Karolina , Gatselis Nikolaos K. , Koulouras Vasilios , Gkeka Eleni , Markou Nikolaos , Netea Mihai G. , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J.
Published: December 2021

Background: Macrophage activation-like syndrome (MALS) and complex immune dysregulation (CID) often underlie acute respiratory distress (ARDS) in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the effect of personalized immunotherapy on clinical improvement of critical COVID-19. Methods: In this open-label prospective trial, 102 patients with ARDS by SARS-CoV-2 were screened for MALS (ferritin >4,420 ng/mL) and CID (ferritin ≤4,420 ng/mL and low human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on CD14-monocytes). Patients with MALS or CID with increased aminotransferases received intravenous anakinra; those with CID and normal aminotransferases received tocilizumab. The primary outcome was ≥25% decrease in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and/or 50% increase in the respiratory ratio by day 8; 28-day mortality, change of SOFA score by day 28, serum biomarkers, and cytokine production by mononuclear cells were secondary endpoints. Results: The primary study endpoint was met in 58.3% of anakinra-treated patients and in 33.3% of tocilizumab-treated patients (p: 0.01). Most patients in both groups received dexamethasone as standard of care. No differences were found in secondary outcomes, mortality, and SOFA score changes. Ferritin decreased among anakinra-treated patients; interleukin-6, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, and HLA-DR expression increased among tocilizumab-treated patients. Survivors by day 28 who received anakinra were distributed to lower severity levels of the WHO clinical progression scale. Greater incidence of secondary infections was found with tocilizumab treatment. Conclusion: Immune assessment resulted in favorable anakinra responses among critically ill patients with COVID-19 and features of MALS.
A Multicentre Study Comparing Cerebrovascular Disease Profiles in Pacific Islander and Caucasian Populations Presenting with Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack
Authors: Blair Christopher , Firtko Angela , Thomas Peter , Lin Longting , Miller Megan , Tran Lisa , Edwards Leon , Bhaskar Sonu , Parsons Mark , Cordato Dennis J.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: In a multicentre study, we contrasted cerebrovascular disease profiles in Pacific Island (PI)-born patients (Indigenous Polynesian [IP] or Indo-Fijian [IF]) presenting with transient ischaemic attack (TIA), ischaemic stroke (IS) or intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) with those of Caucasians (CSs). Methods: Using a retrospective case-control design, we compared PI-born patients with age- and gender-matched CS controls. Consecutive patients were admitted to 3 centres in South Western Sydney (July 2013–June 2020). Demographic and clinical data studied included vascular risk factors, stroke subtypes, and imaging characteristics. Results: There were 340 CS, 183 (27%) IP, and 157 (23%) IF patients; mean age 65 years; and 302 (44.4%) female. Of these, 587 and patients presented with TIA/IS and 93 (13.6%) had ICH. Both IP and IF patients were significantly more likely to present >24 h from symptom onset (odds ratios [ORs] vs. CS 1.87 and 2.23). IP patients more commonly had body mass indexes >30 (OR 1.94). Current smoking and excess alcohol intake were higher in CS. Hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were significantly higher in both IP and IF groups in comparison to CS. IP patients had higher rates of AF and those with known AF were more commonly undertreated than both IF and CS patients (OR 2.24, p = 0.007). ICH was more common in IP patients (OR 2.32, p = 0.005), while more IF patients had intracranial arterial disease (OR 5.10, p < 0.001). Discussion/Conclusion: Distinct cerebrovascular disease profiles are identifiable in PI-born patients who present with TIA or stroke symptoms in Australia. These may be used in the future to direct targeted approaches to stroke prevention and care in culturally and linguistically diverse populations.
Postischemic Neuroprotection Associated With Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Aged Mice
Authors: Wang Chen , Börger Verena , Mohamud Yusuf Ayan , Tertel Tobias , Stambouli Oumaima , Murke Florian , Freund Nico , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Herz Josephine , Gunzer Matthias , Popa-Wagner Aurel , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Giebel Bernd , Hermann Dirk M.
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) obtained from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were shown to induce ischemic neuroprotection in mice by modulating the brain infiltration of leukocytes and, specifically polymorphonuclear neutrophils. So far, effects of MSC-sEVs were only studied in young ischemic rodents. We herein examined the effects of MSC-sEVs in aged mice.

Methods:

Male and female C57Bl6/j mice (8–10 weeks or 15–24 months) were exposed to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Vehicle or sEVs (equivalent of 2×10
6
MSCs) were intravenously administered. Neurological deficits, ischemic injury, blood-brain barrier integrity, brain leukocyte infiltration, and blood leukocyte responses were evaluated over up to 7 days.

Results:

MSC-sEV delivery reduced neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain edema, and neuronal injury in young and aged mice of both sexes, when delivered immediately postreperfusion or with 6 hours delay. MSC-sEVs decreased leukocyte and specifically polymorphonuclear neutrophil, monocyte, and macrophage infiltrates in ischemic brains of aged mice. In peripheral blood, the number of monocytes and activated T cells was significantly reduced by MSC-sEVs.

Conclusions:

MSC-sEVs induce postischemic neuroprotection and anti-inflammation in aged mice.
Long-term population dynamics of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Oryza sativa in a paddy field, and changes in the pathological and ecological traits of the two populations
Authors: Hoshino Shigeru , Togashi Katsumi
Published: December 2021

An Oryza sativa cultivar inoculated with the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, was cultivated over 18 years to investigate the population dynamics of the nematode and the change in the virulence of nematodes and tolerance/resistance of plants. The mean number of living nematodes per seed (S) showed two peaks, each of which was followed by a 3-year decrease in the S value, during the initial 10 years. The annual reproduction curve between in year and in year t had a peak in a range of of <1.1. The incidence of white tip disease increased with increasing mean number of living nematodes seed−1 in the previous year, whereas the proportion of seeds with living nematodes increased with increasing mean number of living nematodes seed−1 in the current year. Inoculation tests of the nematode cohorts on the seedling cohorts derived from seeds harvested in the same or different years indicated that the initial 6-year interaction between the rice and nematode populations caused the nematodes to increase the incidence of white tip disease and to decrease the degree of seed swelling and the proportion of heavy seeds. On the other hand, the interaction caused the rice plants to prevent the incidence of disease from increasing and the degree of seed swelling and the proportion of heavy seeds from decreasing.
Evoke
Authors: Stolk Sander
Published: December 2021

This article provides an introduction to the web application Evoke. This application offers functionality to navigate, view, extend, and analyse thesaurus content. The thesauri that can be navigated in Evoke are expressed in Linguistic Linked Data, an interoperable data form that enables the extension of thesaurus content with custom labels and allows for the linking of thesaurus content to other digital resources. As such, Evoke is a powerful research tool that facilitates its users to perform novel cultural linguistic analyses over multiple sources. This article further demonstrates the potential of Evoke by discussing how A Thesaurus of Old English was made available in the application and how this has already been adopted in the field of Old English studies. Lastly, the author situates Evoke within a number of recent developments in the field of Digital Humanities and its applications for onomasiological research.
Linking the Dictionary of Old Dutch to A Thesaurus of Old English
Authors: Depuydt Katrien , de Does Jesse
Published: December 2021

At the Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal (Dutch Language Institute), DiaMaNT, a diachronic semantic computational lexicon of Dutch, is being developed, based on the scholarly historical dictionaries of Dutch. The main purpose of this lexicon is to enhance text accessibility and foster research in the development of concepts. This article explores the feasibility of enriching DiaMaNT with an existing semantic classification by linking a subset of the vocabulary of the Dictionary of Old Dutch to A Thesaurus of Old English.
Evoke and A Thesaurus of Old English in the Old English Classroom
Authors: Dekker Kees
Published: December 2021

The use of Evoke and the Thesaurus of Old English (TOE) in the classroom at beginners’ level is not self-evident, since both are electronic tools designed to facilitate lexicological research for more advanced users. Nonetheless, there is an advantage in acquainting students with modern electronic tools allowing relevant, piecemeal investigations into the lexicon. This contribution focuses on the usage of Evoke in the classroom, suggesting the types of assignments that may be designed for this purpose and exploring further possibilities.
Revision of Anomalomorpha Arrow, 1908 and Enracius Dechambre, 1999, with Erbmahcedius new genus from southeastern Australia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini: Cheiroplatina)
Authors: HUTCHINSON PAUL M. , ALLSOPP PETER G.
Published: December 2021

The Australian genera Anomalomorpha Arrow, 1908 and Enracius Dechambre, 1999 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini: Cheiroplatina) are revised and compared with Adoryphorus Blackburn, 1889. Anomalomorpha giveni Carne, 1957, is transferred to Erbmahcedius Hutchinson & Allsopp new genus, becoming Erbmahcedius giveni new combination. Anomalomorpha pilbara Hutchinson & Allsopp new species and Enracius richardsi new species are described from Western Australia. Keys are given to identify the three species of Anomalomorpha and the two species of Enracius and to separate all four genera from other Cheiroplatina. New distributional records are presented, and habitats of the two new species are discussed.
Pathways toward Inclusive Income Growth: A Comparative Decomposition of National Growth Profiles
Authors: Parolin Zachary J. , Gornick Janet C.
Published: December 2021

Despite rising interest in income inequality, scholars remain divided over the mechanisms underlying inclusive income growth and how these mechanisms vary across countries. This study introduces the concept of national growth profiles, that is, the additive contribution of changes in taxes, transfers, composition, and other factors including market institutions to changes across a country’s income distribution. We present a decomposition framework to measure national growth profiles for eight high-income countries from the 1980s to 2010s. Our findings adjudicate competing sociological and economic perspectives on rising inequality. First, we find that policy-driven changes in taxes and transfers are the dominant drivers of inclusive growth at the tails of the income distributions. Second, rising educational attainment contributes most to income growth across the distribution, but consistently contributes to less-inclusive growth. When changes in education are considered, changes in assortative mating and single parenthood have little consequence for changes in inequality. Third, changes to other factors including market institutions increased inequality in countries such as the United States, but less so in France and Germany. Had the United States matched the changes to Dutch tax policy, Danish transfer policy, or other factors of most other countries, it could have achieved more inclusive income growth than observed.
Blunt Trauma to Brachiocephalic Artery: Presentation and Management
Authors: Dar Parvez M. U. Din , Kaur Supreet , Kumar Vivek , Ghoshal Soumya , Alam Junaid , Kumar Abhinav , Kumar Subodh , Sagar Sushma
Published: December 2021

Isolated innominate artery injury is very rare and accounts for less than 3% of recognized arterial injuries. Surgical exploration of the artery, especially at the origin of the artery from the arch of the aorta, is surgically challenging. Due to its rarity, any 1 surgeon’s experience in dealing with innominate artery injury is bound to be limited. We report 2 cases of innominate artery injury post-blunt chest trauma. Both patients underwent thoracotomy and innominate artery Dacron graft repair and both had an uneventful postoperative course.
Export Performance of MSMEs in India: Is Credit Constraint an Invisible Gorilla?
Authors: Hiremath Gourishankar S. , Deb Supratik
Published: December 2021

We examine the effects of foreign currency borrowings (FCBs) and domestic market constraints on the performance of the export of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) during the period 1988–2019. Our results show that access to the FCBs improved the performance of the MSME exports, indicating the importance of credit accessibility. MSMEs effectively utilise the grants when accompanied by credit facilities such as FCBs. We find that the high cost of debt and lack of financial development adversely affect the exports, as MSMEs are unable to borrow. The rupee depreciation alone does not help the MSMEs reap such depreciation benefits due to the lack of domestic credit. The recent policy stance of emphasis on MSMEs is expected to improve export performance. This study calls for the specialised window for the MSMEs to meet low cost and easy credit. The findings suggest stepping up grants to the MSMEs to improve the export performance.

JEL Codes: F14, F34, F2, F31
Expert Evidence, Hearsay and Victims of Trafficking
Authors: Mennim Sean , Ward Tony
Published: December 2021

Case commentary of the Court of Appeal ruling in R v Brecani [2021] EWCA Crim 731.
Classification of singular differential invariants in (1+3)-dimensional space and integrability
Authors: Ayub Muhammad , Sultan Zahida , Qureshi Muhammad Naeem , Mahomed Fazal Mahmood
Published: December 2021

Singularity is one of the important features in invariant structures in several physical phenomena reflected often in the associated invariant differential equations. The classification problem for singular differential invariants in (1+3)-dimensional space associated with Lie algebras of dimension 4 is investigated. The formulation of singular invariants for a Lie algebra of dimension [Formula: see text] possessed by the underlying system of three second-order ordinary differential equations is studied in detail and the corresponding canonical forms for these systems are deduced. Furthermore, the categorization of singular invariants on the basis of conditional singularity, weak uncoupling, weak linearization, partial uncoupling and partial linearization are described for the underlying canonical forms. In addition, those cases of classified canonical forms are also mentioned which do not lead to singular invariant systems of three second-order ODEs for a Lie algebra of dimension 4. The integrability aspect of these classified singular-invariant systems in (1+3)-dimensional space is discussed in a detailed manner for a Lie algebra of dimension 4. Finally, two physical systems from mechanics are presented to illustrate the utilization of the physical aspect of these singular invariants.
Effect of the cobalt ferrite and carbon fiber powder doping ratio on the electromagnetic properties of coated polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Yuanjun , Yang Chao , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: December 2021

In this project, firstly, polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric was prepared by in situ polymerization using polyester–cotton fabric as the base fabric, aniline as the monomer, ammonium persulfate as the oxidizer, and camphor sulfonic acid as the dopant. Secondly, cobalt ferrite/carbon fiber powder-coated polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric was prepared by the textile coating process using polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric as the base fabric, PU2540-type polyurethane as the adhesive, and cobalt ferrite and carbon fiber powder as functional particles. Finally, the effect of the cobalt ferrite and carbon fiber powder doping ratio on the shielding effectiveness, reflection loss, dielectric constant real part, imaginary part, and loss angle tangent of cobalt ferrite/carbon fiber powder-coated polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric was studied by using the controlled variable method with emphasis on the cobalt ferrite/carbon fiber powder doping ratio. The results show that in the frequency range of 0.01–3.0 GHz, when the doping ratio of cobalt ferrite to carbon fiber powder is 0:3, the reflection loss of cobalt ferrite/carbon fiber powder-coated polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric reaches the minimum value at 1.49 GHz, the minimum reflection loss is –21.4 dB, and the effective absorption band is 1.25–1.94 GHz. In the test band, the shielding efficiency, reflection loss, the real part and imaginary part of the dielectric constant, and the loss angle tangent of the carbon fiber powder-coated polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric are larger than those of cobalt ferrite-coated polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric. The smaller the doping ratio of cobalt ferrite to carbon fiber powder, the larger value of the shielding efficiency, reflection loss, the real part and imaginary part of the dielectric constant, and loss angle tangent of the cobalt ferrite/carbon fiber powder-coated polyaniline-based polyester–cotton fabric.
Knowledge and Attitude of Saudi Emergency Medical Services Students Regarding Pain Management: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: AlRazeeni Daifallah M.
Published: December 2021

The most common reason people seek emergency medical services is pain, either from a severe injury or a life-threatening illness emergency medical services (EMS). Few studies on analgesic administration and pain management assessments are available for EMS students to read (as potential EMS professionals). Therefore, the goal of this study is to find out the knowledge and attitude of EMS students about pain management. Saudi EMS students were asked to complete a survey on their knowledge and attitudes about pain management. As a result, the KASRP scale was used. A t-test was performed to assess the statistical descriptive and independent sampling findings. Data collection started in October 2020 and lasted for one month. EMS students completed 79 questionnaires (response rate of 53%). According to the findings, EMS students demonstrate inadequate fundamental knowledge and attitudes in pain management. The mean correct count for the entire scale was 47% (SD=.09). The findings showed that no major variations were observed in the scores of students associated with demographic features. There are potential opportunities in the program to improve the content and student competencies in pain management.
The development and psychometric properties of a shared book reading observational tool: The Emergent Literacy and Language Early Childhood Checklist for Teachers (ELLECCT)
Authors: Weadman Tessa , Serry Tanya , Snow Pamela C.
Published: December 2021

Shared book reading in preschool settings plays an influential role in supporting children’s oral language and emergent literacy skills. Early childhood teachers can provide high-quality shared book reading experiences using extratextual utterances (reading beyond the story text) to maximise these learning outcomes. We report on the development and psychometric properties of the ‘Emergent Literacy and Language Early Childhood Checklist for Teachers’ (ELLECCT) tool, a comprehensive observational checklist designed to document early childhood teachers’ extratextual oral language and emergent literacy strategies during shared book reading. The ELLECCT measures teachers’ dialogic reading prompts, vocabulary promotion strategies, responsive statements, print knowledge and phonological awareness. The ELLECCT also contains a rating scale examining paralinguistic and nonverbal strategies used by early childhood teachers to support engagement during shared book reading interactions. The psychometric properties of the ELLECCT were measured in a four-phase process. Content validity was tested using the Content Validity Index and a three-round Delphi process was used to measure face validity. Both intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were evaluated from a sample of 32 shared book reading observations. The study findings provide preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the ELLECCT, such that it is judged as suitable for evaluation of early childhood teachers’ use of extratextual and paralinguistic strategies while engaged in shared book reading. We describe the ELLECCT’s potential application in both classroom coaching and training, and as a research tool, to support early childhood teachers’ skill-development during shared book reading.
Nomogram prediction of caries risk among schoolchildren age 7 years based on a cohort study in Shanghai
Authors: Luo Yuan , Zhang Hao , Zeng Xiaoli , Xu Wei , Wang Xun , Zhang Ying , Wang Yan
Published: December 2021

Objective

Caries risk assessment tools are essential for identifying and providing treatment for individuals at high risk of developing caries. We aimed to develop a nomogram for the assessment and evaluation of caries risk among Chinese children.

Methods

We enrolled schoolchildren age 7 years from a primary school in Shanghai. Baseline information of participants was collected using a questionnaire completed by children’s caregivers. A nomogram of a novel prediction scoring model was established based on predictors detected in univariate and multivariate analyses. Predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were calculated using the concordance index (C index). The bootstrap method (1000 samples) was used to decrease overfitting. The net benefit of the model was validated using decision curve analysis.

Results

Overall, 406 children with complete information and two completed dental examinations were included in the final analysis. The nomogram based on logistic regression model coefficients demonstrated a C index of 0.766 (95% confidence interval: 0.761–0.771) for caries risk. The net benefit of the decision curve analysis was 38.6% at 55% threshold probability.

Conclusion

This nomogram model, derived using dietary habits, oral hygiene status, and caries experience, showed promising predictive ability to assess the caries risk among Chinese children.
Feasibility of a prehabilitation program before major abdominal surgery: a pilot prospective study
Authors: Martin David , Besson Cyril , Pache Basile , Michel Anna , Geinoz Sandrine , Gremeaux-Bader Vincent , Larcinese Anna , Benaim Charles , Kayser Bengt , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin
Published: December 2021

Objective

To assess the feasibility of a prehabilitation program and its effects on physical performance and outcomes after major abdominal surgery.

Methods

In this prospective pilot study, patients underwent prehabilitation involving three training sessions per week for 3 weeks preoperatively. The feasibility of delivering the intervention was assessed based on recruitment and adherence to the program. Its impacts on fitness (oxygen uptake (VO2)) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go Test, 6-Minute Walk Test) were evaluated.

Results

From May 2017 to January 2020, 980 patients were identified and 44 (4.5%) were invited to participate. The main obstacles to patient recruitment were insufficient time (<3 weeks) prior to scheduled surgery (n = 276, 28%) and screening failure (n = 312, 32%). Of the 44 patients, 24 (55%) declined to participate, and 20 (23%) were included. Of these, six (30%) were not adherent to the program. Among the remaining 14 patients, VO2 at ventilatory threshold significantly increased from 9.7 to 10.9 mL/min/kg. No significant difference in physical performance was observed before and after prehabilitation.

Conclusion

Although prehabilitation seemed to have positive effects on exercise capacity, logistic and patient-related difficulties were encountered. The program is not feasible in its current form for all-comers.
A disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat: evaluation of 343 spondylodiscitis cases
Authors: Kaya Safak , Kaya Sehmuz , Kavak Seyhmus , Comoglu Senol
Published: December 2021

Objective

Spondylodiscitis is an important clinical a problem requiring serious approaches. In this study, we sought to raise awareness by examining the epidemiology and laboratory, clinical, and radiological findings of spondylodiscitis, which sometimes has a delayed diagnosis and which can be difficult to treat.

Methods

In total, 343 patients with spondylodiscitis were included in the study.

Results

The patients were classified as having as pyogenic (n = 153, 44.6%), brucellar (n = 138, 40.2%), or tuberculous (n = 52, 15.2%) spondylodiscitis. Meanwhile, 281 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging, 71 underwent computed tomography, and 17 underwent scintigraphy for diagnosis. The rates of involvement at more than two segments and paraspinal abscess were significantly higher in tuberculous spondylodiscitis. However, disc involvement was significantly more common in brucellar and pyogenic spondylodiscitis.

Conclusion

The incidence of spondylodiscitis has increased substantially, especially in the young population. The invasive procedures and high rate of culture negativity make the diagnosis difficult. Therefore, clinical and radiological findings are useful in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis. Despite the high rate of culture negativity, every effort should be made to identify the causative organism using invasive methods.