bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Pluralistic Normative Principles to Autonomous-Agent Rules
Authors: Townsend Beverley , Paterson Colin , Arvind T. T. , Nemirovsky Gabriel , Calinescu Radu , Cavalcanti Ana , Habli Ibrahim , Thomas Alan
Published: October 2022

With recent advancements in systems engineering and artificial intelligence, autonomous agents are increasingly being called upon to execute tasks that have normative relevance. These are tasks that directly—and potentially adversely—affect human well-being and demand of the agent a degree of normative-sensitivity and -compliance. Such norms and normative principles are typically of a social, legal, ethical, empathetic, or cultural (‘SLEEC’) nature. Whereas norms of this type are often framed in the abstract, or as high-level principles, addressing normative concerns in concrete applications of autonomous agents requires the refinement of normative principles into explicitly formulated practical rules. This paper develops a process for deriving specification rules from a set of high-level norms, thereby bridging the gap between normative principles and operational practice. This enables autonomous agents to select and execute the most normatively favourable action in the intended context premised on a range of underlying relevant normative principles. In the translation and reduction of normative principles to SLEEC rules, we present an iterative process that uncovers normative principles, addresses SLEEC concerns, identifies and resolves SLEEC conflicts, and generates both preliminary and complex normatively-relevant rules, thereby guiding the development of autonomous agents and better positioning them as normatively SLEEC-sensitive or SLEEC-compliant.
Riemannian thresholding methods for row-sparse and low-rank matrix recovery
Authors: Eisenmann Henrik , Krahmer Felix , Pfeffer Max , Uschmajew André
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present modifications of the iterative hard thresholding (IHT) method for recovery of jointly row-sparse and low-rank matrices. In particular, a Riemannian version of IHT is considered which significantly reduces computational cost of the gradient projection in the case of rank-one measurement operators, which have concrete applications in blind deconvolution. Experimental results are reported that show near-optimal recovery for Gaussian and rank-one measurements, and that adaptive stepsizes give crucial improvement. A Riemannian proximal gradient method is derived for the special case of unknown sparsity.
Philosophical producers, philosophical consumers, and the metaphilosophical value of original texts
Authors: Landes Ethan
Published: October 2022

In recent years, two competing methodological frameworks have developed in the study of the epistemology of philosophy. The traditional camp, led by experimental philosophy and its allies, has made inferences about the epistemology of philosophy based on the reactions, or intuitions, people have to works of philosophy. In contrast, multiple authors have followed the lead of Deutsch and Cappelen by setting aside experimental data in favor of inferences based on careful examination of the text of notable works of philosophy. In other words, the debate is split between authors focusing on philosophy’sconsumptionand those focusing on philosophy’sproduction. This paper examines the motivation for focusing on original texts and other evidence of philosophy’s production and finds it lacking. Drawing upon Hills’ distinction between propagation and transmission, I argue that the social epistemology of philosophy does not justify the recent focus on original texts of philosophy. Because the philosophical knowledge of consumers of philosophy is likelyinspiredby producers of philosophy, as opposed to epistemically grounded in the producers’ epistemic states, experimental philosophy had it right all along—if we want to know the epistemic standing of philosophy, we need to look to philosophy’s consumers.
Some problems with particularism
Authors: Harris Keith Raymond
Published: October 2022

Particularists maintain that conspiracy theories are to be assessed individually, while generalists hold that conspiracy theories may be assessed as a class. This paper seeks to clarify the nature and importance of the debate between particularism and generalism, while offering an argument for a version of generalism. I begin by considering three approaches to the definition of conspiracy theory, and offer reason to prefer an approach that defines conspiracy theories in opposition to the claims of epistemic authorities. I argue that particularists rely on an untenably broad definition of conspiracy theory. Then, I argue that particularism and its counterpart are best understood as constellations of theses, rather than a pair of incompatible theses. While some particularist theses are highly plausible, I argue that one important particularist thesis is false. The argument for this conclusion draws on the history of false conspiracy theories. I then defend this conclusion against a pair of potential objections.
Justification of recommender systems results: a service-based approach
Authors: Mauro Noemi , Hu Zhongli Filippo , Ardissono Liliana
Published: October 2022

With the increasing demand for predictable and accountable Artificial Intelligence, the ability to explain or justify recommender systems results by specifying how items are suggested, or why they are relevant, has become a primary goal. However, current models do not explicitly represent the services and actors that the user might encounter during the overall interaction with an item, from its selection to its usage. Thus, they cannot assess their impact on the user’s experience. To address this issue, we propose a novel justification approach that uses service models to (i) extract experience data from reviews concerning all the stages of interaction with items, at different granularity levels, and (ii) organize the justification of recommendations around those stages. In a user study, we compared our approach with baselines reflecting the state of the art in the justification of recommender systems results. The participants evaluated the Perceived User Awareness Support provided by our service-based justification models higher than the one offered by the baselines. Moreover, our models received higher Interface Adequacy and Satisfaction evaluations by users having different levels of Curiosity or low Need for Cognition (NfC). Differently, high NfC participants preferred a direct inspection of item reviews. These findings encourage the adoption of service models to justify recommender systems results but suggest the investigation of personalization strategies to suit diverse interaction needs.
The collective epistemic reasons of social-identity groups
Authors: Mitova Veli
Published: October 2022

In this paper, I argue that certain social-identity groups—ones that involve systematic relations of power and oppression—have distinctive epistemic reasons in virtue of constituting this group. This claim, I argue further, would potentially benefit at least three bodies of scholarship—on the epistemology of groups, on collective moral responsibility, and on epistemic injustice.
NW Pacific‐Panthalassa Intra‐Oceanic Subduction During Mesozoic Times From Mantle Convection and Geoid Models
Authors: Lin Yi‐An , Colli Lorenzo , Wu Jonny
Published: October 2022

Pacific‐Panthalassa plate tectonics are the most challenging on Earth to reconstruct during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras due to extensive subduction, which has resulted in large (>9,000 km length) unconstrained gaps between the Pacific and Laurasia (now NE Asia) back to the Early Jurassic. We build four contrasted NW Pacific‐Panthalassa global plate reconstructions and assimilate their velocity fields into global geodynamic models. We compare our predicted present mantle structure, synthetic geoid and dynamic topography to Earth observations. P‐wave tomographic filtering of predicted mantle structures allows for more explicit comparisons to global tomography. Plate reconstructions that include intra‐oceanic subduction in NW Pacific‐Panthalassa fit better to the observed geoid and residual topography, challenging popular models of Andean‐style subduction along East Asia. Our geodynamic models predict significant SE‐ward lateral slab advections within the NW Pacific basin lower mantle (∼2,500 km from Mesozoic times to present) that would confound “vertical slab sinking”‐style restorations of imaged slabs and past subduction zone locations.
Metamorphism and Deformation on Subduction Interfaces: 2. Petrological and Tectonic Implications
Authors: Smye Andrew J. , England Philip C.
Published: October 2022

The compositional range of ∼2,000 marine sediments and ∼19,000 oceanic igneous rocks is encapsulated by a set of 12 sedimentary and 10 mafic rock compositions, allowing computation of phase relationships on P‐T paths along subduction interfaces. These are described economically by a partitioning analysis, which connects the mineral assemblages to different parts of the subduction P‐T space and facilitates assessment of prograde dehydration, melting, densification, and rheological systematics. Dehydration and densification occur at shallower depths than in studies that neglect shear heating. Lawsonite stability is limited to interfaces where convergence is slower than 20 mm/yr; such rates also favor transport of volatiles beyond the arc. Terrigenous sediments and mafic rocks reach their solidi close to the top of the wedge‐slab interface; melt fractions are enhanced by fluid from the dehydrating slab interior. Rheological calculations show that the most abundant sediment types have interface capacities of hundreds of meters to kilometers, and that the strengths of mafic rocks comfortably exceed their buoyancy stresses. Above ∼650°C sediments are weak enough to rise as diapirs into the mantle wedge. Carbonate‐ and serpentinite‐rich lithologies are weaker than other interface rocks, and ascend most rapidly at the cessation of subduction. Ascent rates drop abruptly as rocks enter the plate interface, probably leading to retrograde equilibrium at P ∼ 1–1.5 GPa. The seismic‐aseismic transition is expected at about 500°C in mafics, and 400°C in metasediments. Seamounts are weaker than most other interface rocks, and unlikely to form asperities. Slow slip and tremor may be associated with the blueschist‐eclogite transition.
On Magnetosheath Jet Kinetic Structure and Plasma Properties
Authors: Raptis Savvas , Karlsson Tomas , Vaivads Andris , Lindberg Martin , Johlander Andreas , Trollvik Henriette
Published: October 2022

High‐speed plasma jets downstream of Earth's bow shock are high velocity streams associated with a variety of shock and magnetospheric phenomena. In this work, using the Magnetosphere Multiscale mission, we study the properties of a jet found downstream of the Quasi‐parallel bow shock using high‐resolution (burst) data. By doing so, we demonstrate how the jet is an inherently kinetic structure described by highly variable velocity distributions. The observed distributions show the presence of two plasma population, a cold/fast jet and a hotter/slower background population. We derive partial moments for the jet population to isolate its properties. The resulting partial moments appear different from the full ones which are typically used in similar studies. These discrepancies show how jets are more similar to upstream solar wind beams compared to what was previously believed. Finally, we explore the consequences of our results and methodology regarding the characterization, origin, and evolution of jets.
Fault Friction Derived From Fault Bend Influence on Coseismic Slip During the 2019 Ridgecrest Mw 7.1 Mainshock
Authors: Milliner C. W. D. , Aati S. , Avouac J. P.
Published: October 2022

The variation of stress on faults is important for our understanding of fault friction and the dynamics of earthquake ruptures. However, we still have little observational constraints on their absolute magnitude, or their variations in space and in time over the seismic cycle. Here we use a new geodetic imaging technique to measure the 3D coseismic slip vectors along the 2019 Ridgecrest surface ruptures and invert them for the coseismic stress state. We find that the coseismic stresses show an eastward rotation that becomes increasingly transtensional from south‐to‐north along the rupture, that matches the known background stress state. We find that the main fault near the Mw 7.1 mainshock hypocenter was critically stressed. Coseismic slip was maximum there and decreased gradually along strike as the fault became less optimally oriented due its curved geometry. The variations of slip and stress along the curved faults are used to infer the static and dynamic fault friction assuming Mohr‐Coulomb failure. We find shear stresses of 4–9 MPa in the shallow crust (∼1.3 km depth) and that fault friction drops from a static, Byerlee‐type, value of 0.61  0.14 to a dynamic value of 0.29  0.04 during seismic slip. These values explain quantitatively the slip variations along a transpressional fault bend.
Multiple Shallow Crustal Origins for Spinel‐Bearing Lithologies on the Moon: A Perspective From the Luna 20 Mission
Authors: Simon S. B. , Shearer C. K. , Haggerty S. E. , Moriarty D. P. , Petro N. , Papike J. J. , Vaci Z.
Published: October 2022

The Luna 20 mission returned samples from the Hilly and Furrowed Terrain of the Moon that is associated with the impact event that formed the Crisium Basin. This event potentially excavated deep crustal and upper mantle lithologies. Spinel is commonly considered to be a mineralogical indicator of rocks of high‐pressure origin, and orbital data indicate the presence of spinel‐bearing lithologies exterior to the basin. We have examined 166 Luna 20 particles in the 250–500 μm size range and found 31 spinel‐bearing fragments. Of these 10 are igneous plutonic Mg‐suite rocks, most of which are troctolitic, and 16 are impact melt rocks. The other five are fused soil or devitrified glass fragments. The spinel‐bearing lithic fragments are plagioclase‐rich and do not have the high modal abundances of Mg‐Al spinel previously identified in the region through remote sensing analyses. The textures, compositions, and inferred crystallization sequences of the present magmatic spinel‐bearing samples are most consistent with a relatively shallow crustal (rather than a deep crustal) origin, with a petrogenesis involving assimilation of ferroan anorthosite crust by Mg‐rich, mantle‐derived magmas. Both relict and newly formed spinels are found in impact melt rocks and are also inferred to have formed at relatively low pressures. Thus, the presence of spinel is not an unambiguous indicator of mantle or deep crustal material. The insights gained from this study show that studies of a small, robotically collected sample can improve our understanding of regional lithologies and petrologic processes.
An integrated biometric voice and facial features for early detection of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lim Wee Shin , Chiu Shu-I , Wu Meng-Ciao , Tsai Shu-Fen , Wang Pu-He , Lin Kun-Pei , Chen Yung-Ming , Peng Pei-Ling , Chen Yung-Yaw , Jang Jyh-Shing Roger , Lin Chin-Hsien
Published: October 2022

Hypomimia and voice changes are soft signs preceding classical motor disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aim to investigate whether an analysis of acoustic and facial expressions with machine-learning algorithms assist early identification of patients with PD. We recruited 371 participants, including a training cohort (112 PD patients during “on” phase, 111 controls) and a validation cohort (74 PD patients during “off” phase, 74 controls). All participants underwent a smartphone-based, simultaneous recording of voice and facial expressions, while reading an article. Nine different machine learning classifiers were applied. We observed that integrated facial and voice features could discriminate early-stage PD patients from controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) diagnostic value of 0.85. In the validation cohort, the optimal diagnostic value (0.90) maintained. We concluded that integrated biometric features of voice and facial expressions could assist the identification of early-stage PD patients from aged controls.
A robust COVID-19 mortality prediction calculator based on Lymphocyte count, Urea, C-Reactive Protein, Age and Sex (LUCAS) with chest X-rays
Authors: Ray Surajit , Banerjee Abhirup , Swift Andrew , Fanstone Joseph W. , Mamalakis Michail , Vorselaars Bart , Wilkie Craig , Cole Joby , Mackenzie Louise S. , Weeks Simonne
Published: October 2022

There have been numerous risk tools developed to enable triaging of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with diverse levels of complexity. Here we presented a simplified risk-tool based on minimal parameters and chest X-ray (CXR) image data that predicts the survival of adult SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at hospital admission. We analysed the NCCID database of patient blood variables and CXR images from 19 hospitals across the UK using multivariable logistic regression. The initial dataset was non-randomly split between development and internal validation dataset with 1434 and 310 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, respectively. External validation of the final model was conducted on 741 Accident and Emergency (A&E) admissions with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from a separate NHS Trust. The LUCAS mortality score included five strongest predictors (Lymphocyte count, Urea, C-reactive protein, Age, Sex), which are available at any point of care with rapid turnaround of results. Our simple multivariable logistic model showed high discrimination for fatal outcome with the area under the receiving operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC) in development cohort 0.765 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.738–0.790), in internal validation cohort 0.744 (CI: 0.673–0.808), and in external validation cohort 0.752 (CI: 0.713–0.787). The discriminatory power of LUCAS increased slightly when including the CXR image data. LUCAS can be used to obtain valid predictions of mortality in patients within 60 days of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results into low, moderate, high, or very high risk of fatality.
Investigation of the motion of fullerene-wheeled nano-machines on thermally activated curved gold substrates
Authors: Bakhtiari Mohammad Ali , Seifi Saeed , Tohidloo Mahdi , Shamloo Amir
Published: October 2022

The current study presents one of the first investigations in which the simultaneous effect of the curved gold substrates and temperature changes on C60 and C60-wheeled nano-machines’ migration was evaluated. For this aim, the cylindrical and concave substrates with different radii were chosen to attain the size of the most appropriate substrate for nano-machines. Results indicated that the chassis' flexibility substantially affected the nanocar's mobility. Nano-machines' deviation from their desired direction was adequately restricted due to selected substrate geometries (The cylindrical and concave). Besides, for the first time, the effect of the substrate radius changes on nano-machine's motion has been investigated. Our findings revealed that adjusting the value of radius results in a long-range movement for nano-machines as well as a sufficient amount of diffusion coefficient even at low temperatures ($$75\; \text{K}$$

75

K

or $$150\; \text{K}$$

150

K

). As a result, the aforementioned substrates could be utilized as the optimized geometries for C60 and nanocar at all temperatures. At the same time, the nanotruck displayed an appropriate performance merely on the small cylindrical substrate ($$radius=17.5 \; \text{\AA} $$

r
a
d
i
u
s
=
17.5

Å

) at high temperatures ($$500\; \text{K}$$

500

K

and $$600\; \text{K}$$

600

K

).
Association of single child family with subjective health complaints in children and adolescents
Authors: Rastad Hadith , Qorbani Mostafa , Pourrostami Kumars , Ochi Fatemeh , Sheidayi Ali , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Seif Ehsan , Mohammadian Khonsari Nami , Mahdavi-Gorabi Armita , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya
Published: October 2022

The number of single-child families has been increasing across developing countries during the last decades. We aimed to examine the association between being a single child (SC) and subjective health complaints (SHCs) in Iranian children and adolescents. This study was conducted as a part of the fifth survey of a national surveillance program entitled Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN-V). This national survey included a total of 14,400 students 7–18 years and their parents from rural and urban areas in 30 provinces of Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle variables, and SHCs were measured using the questionnaire of the World Health Organization on Global School-based Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association of being an SC with SHCs. Data on 14,151 participants were available for this study, of whom 7.7% (1092) were SCs. The most frequent SHCs were irritability (37.1%, 95%CI: 36.3–37.9%), feeling nervous 32.5%, 95% CI: (31.7–33.3%), and headache 24.3%, 95%CI: (23.6–25.0% ). In the multivariate model, being an SC significantly increased the odds of dizziness [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.37(1.08–1.72)] and backache complaint [1.22(1.01–1.47)]. The association of being an SC with other SHCs (feeling low, irritability, feeling nervous, difficulty in getting to sleep, headache, stomachache) was not statistically significant (p value > 0.05). Our results suggest that being an SC may be associated with higher odds of dizziness and backache complaints.
Near-superhydrophobic silicone microcapsule arrays encapsulating ionic liquid electrolytes for micro-power storage assuming use in seawater
Authors: Iwasaki Kaede , Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Okoshi Masayuki
Published: October 2022

Micro-energy storage, which is convenient for combination with energy harvesting, is known to be realized by microencapsulation with various shell materials, its application is limited to land. Here, we succeeded in fabricating a silicone microcapsule array encapsulating an ionic liquid electrolyte that can store minute power in NaCl solution as well as a minute power generation method. The ArF excimer laser-irradiated silicone rubber underneath silica microspheres was photochemically and periodically swelled by the photodissociation of silicone. Accompanied by the microswellings, the lower molecular weight silicones generated were ejected along a curvature of each the microsphere to enclose the microspheres. After the chemical etching, the silicone microcapsule arrays became hollow. Moreover, each the hollow silicone microcapsule could entrap an ionic liquid in a vacuum. In addition, the silicone microcapsules before and after the encapsulating ionic liquid showed a superhydrophobic or near-superhydrophobic property. As a result, the silicone microcapsule arrays could be confined in a uniform air gap of electrically insulated region in NaCl solution. This means that each the silicone microcapsule encapsulating ionic liquid as electrolytes enables to function as an electric double layer capacitor for micro-power storage, aiming to connect with Internet of Things devices that work under seawater.
Braiding properties of worldline configurations in hardcore lattice bosons
Authors: Lingua Fabio , Wang Wei , Shpani Liana , Capogrosso-Sansone Barbara
Published: October 2022

In this manuscript, we study braiding properties of worldline configurations for a variety of ground-states of hardcore Bose–Hubbard models in two dimensions. Configurations are collections of particle paths and result from the path-integral formulation of statistical mechanics. For hard-core bosons, configurations can be seen as geometric braids and therefore can be assigned a certain topological structure, i.e. a way to classify braiding events among worldlines. By means of Monte Carlo calculations, we study superfluid phase and a variety of insulating phases and observe that ground-states of different quantum phases correspond to different probability distributions of braiding properties.
The role of collisional ionization in heavy ion acceleration by high intensity laser pulses
Authors: Afshari M. , Morris S. , Geulig L. D. , Chitgar Z. M. , Gibbon P. , Thirolf P. G. , Schreiber J.
Published: October 2022

We present here simulation results of the laser-driven acceleration of gold ions using the EPOCH code. Recently, an experiment reported the acceleration of gold ions up to 7 MeV/nucleon with a strong dependency of the charge-state distribution on target thickness and the detection of the highest charge states$${\text {Z}} \sim 72$$Z∼72. Our simulations using a developmental branch of EPOCH (4.18-Ionization) show that collisional ionization is the most important cause of charge states beyond Z = 51 up to He-like Au.
Gradient droplet distribution promotes spontaneous formation of frost-free zone
Authors: Lu Chenguang , Liu Cong , Yuan Zichao , Zhan Haiyang , Zhao Danyang , Zhao Lei , Feng Shile , Liu Yahua
Published: October 2022

The inhibition of condensation frosting at harsh environments is critical in various anti-icing applications. However, frosting on the entire surface is the final fate for most passive anti-icing strategies as a result of inevitable ice nucleation of subcooled droplets from the surface edges or defects and the following inter-droplet freezing wave propagation. Here, we report the frost-free zone formation on a macro-ridged surface. We design a macroscale ridge on the surface and show that this surface configuration changes the spatial distribution of water vapor diffusion flux during the condensation stage, resulting in a gradient arrangement of condensate droplets according to their size. This allows numerous failures of local inter-droplet ice bridging in the area with a critical droplet coverage rate, which triggers the interruption of the global freezing wave propagation and the evaporation of the rest droplets to form a frost-free zone around the ridge corner. These findings extend our understanding of frost formation on the surface and provide a rationale for the surface design with impressive durable anti-frosting performance.
Boundedness and stability of nonlinear hybrid stochastic differential delay equation disturbed by Lévy noise
Authors: Yang Ning , Chen Dongyan , Hu Jun
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on the boundedness and stability of the nonlinear hybrid stochastic differential delay equation (NHSDDE) disturbed by Lévy noise (LN). Different from the previous systems with Markovian switching, not only different parameters under different modes, but also different structures under different modes are considered, where a novel Lyapunov function is constructed to handle the impacts of different structures under different modes. Without the linear growth condition, the existence of the global solution is proved for the NHSDDE with LN. Then, the M‐matrix technique is applied to build some reasonable theorems upon the vth moment asymptotic boundedness, the vth moment exponential stability and the almost surely exponential stability for the NHSDDE driven by LN. An approach to solving the admissible upper bound of the time‐delay derivative is given for guaranteeing the asymptotic boundedness and the exponential stability of the global solution. Finally, two numerical examples and homologous simulated outcomes are provided to indicate the usefulness of the presented theoretical findings.
Adsorption properties of Ni cluster modified TiO2 (1 0 1) towards SF6 decomposition gases
Authors: Gui Yingang , Yang Shun , Ji Chang , Chen Xianping
Published: October 2022

Online detection of insulation defects the decomposition products of SF6 plays a key role in ensuring the safe operation of the gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment. The pristine TiO2 (1 0 1) modified by Ni cluster (1–3 Ni atoms) is used as a new gas‐sensing material to study its gas‐sensing characteristics to the characteristic decomposition products of SF6: SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2. Through density functional theory (DFT) calculation, we found that the modification of Ni clusters significantly improved the conductivity of pristine TiO2 (1 0 1) and the gas sensitivity of SF6 decomposition products. More importantly, the change of conductivity after gas adsorption lays a theoretical foundation for identifying the type and concentration of SF6 characteristic decomposition products and further judging the type of defects in GIS.
Front‐to‐back ratio and half‐power beamwidth improving for 4G/5G base station antenna
Authors: Rao Sheng‐Lin , Cai Qiang‐Ming , Cao Xin , Tao Liu , Huang Anfeng , Liu Mulin , Zhu Yuying , Zhu Yuyu , Bo Pu , Yu Yi , Fan Jun
Published: October 2022

A simple wideband planar antenna with a separated fence structure is presented in this study for 4/5G base station application. To improve the front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) and half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) of the proposed antenna, five parasitic separated fence structures are designed. This design can effectively suppress the surface wave propagating along the metal ground and increase the radiation performance of the proposed antenna in the low elevation area. After integrating the fence, the FBR of the proposed antenna is improved by 6 dB on average. And the HPBW is increased by on average above 3 GHz. Furthermore, a linear antenna array is designed and analysed. The measured results display that the proposed antenna achieves a wideband of 47.3% (2.22–3.64 GHz) for |S11|≤ −10 dB with an isolation higher than 30 dB, which are in agreement with the simulations. The average HPBW, FBR, and gain of the proposed antenna is about , 22 dB, and 6.9 dBi in the operating band.
MINCE
Authors: Cescutti G. , Bonifacio P. , Caffau E. , Monaco L. , Franchini M. , Lombardo L. , Matas Pinto A. M. , Lucertini F. , François P. , Spitoni E. , Lallement R. , Sbordone L. , Mucciarelli A. , Spite M. , Hansen C. J. , Di Marcantonio P. , Kučinskas A. , Dobrovolskas V. , Korn A. J. , Valentini M. , Magrini L. , Cristallo S. , Matteucci F.
Published: October 2022

Context. In recent years, Galactic archaeology has become a particularly vibrant field of astronomy, with its main focus set on the oldest stars of our Galaxy. In most cases, these stars have been identified as the most metal-poor. However, the struggle to find these ancient fossils has produced an important bias in the observations – in particular, the intermediate metal-poor stars (−2.5 < [Fe/H] < −1.5) have been frequently overlooked. The missing information has consequences for the precise study of the chemical enrichment of our Galaxy, in particular for what concerns neutron capture elements and it will be only partially covered by future multi object spectroscopic surveys such as WEAVE and 4MOST.

Aims. Measuring at Intermediate Metallicity Neutron Capture Elements (MINCE) is gathering the first high-quality spectra (high signal-to-noise ratio, S/N, and high resolution) for several hundreds of bright and metal-poor stars, mainly located in our Galactic halo.

Methods. We compiled our selection mainly on the basis of Gaia data and determined the stellar atmospheres of our sample and the chemical abundances of each star.

Results. In this paper, we present the first sample of 59 spectra of 46 stars. We measured the radial velocities and computed the Galactic orbits for all stars. We found that 8 stars belong to the thin disc, 15 to disrupted satellites, and the remaining cannot be associated to the mentioned structures, and we call them halo stars. For 33 of these stars, we provide abundances for the elements up to zinc. We also show the chemical evolution results for eleven chemical elements, based on recent models.

Conclusions. Our observational strategy of using multiple telescopes and spectrographs to acquire high S/N and high-resolution spectra for intermediate-metallicity stars has proven to be very efficient, since the present sample was acquired over only about one year of observations. Finally, our target selection strategy, after an initial adjustment, proved satisfactory for our purposes.
The miniJPAS Survey: Detection of the double-core Lyα morphology for two high-redshift QSOs
Authors: Rahna P. T. , Zheng Z.-Y. , Chies-Santos A. L. , Cai Z. , Spinoso D. , Marquez I. , Overzier R. , Abramo L. R. , Bonoli S. , Kehrig C. , Díaz-García L. A. , Pović M. , Soria R. , Diego J. M. , Broadhurst T. , González Delgado R. M. , Alcaniz J. , Benítez N. , Carneiro S. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R. A. , Ederoclite A. , Hernán-Caballero A. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Taylor K. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H. ,   JPAS team
Published: October 2022

Context. The Lyα emission is an important tracer of neutral gas in a circum-galactic medium (CGM) around high-z quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). The origin of Lyα emission around QSOs is still under debate, bringing on significant implications for galaxy formation and evolution.

Aims. In this paper, we study Lyα nebulae around two high redshift QSOs, SDSS J141935.58+525710.7 at z = 3.218 (hereafter QSO1) and SDSS J141813.40+525240.4 at z = 3.287 (hereafter QSO2), from the miniJPAS survey within the All-wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS) field.

Methods. Using the contiguous narrow-band (NB) images from the miniJPAS survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra, we analyzed their morphology, nature, and origin.

Results. We report the serendipitous detection of double-core Lyα morphology around two QSOs, which is rarely seen among other QSOs. The separations of the two Lyα cores are 11.07 ± 2.26 kpcs (1.47 ± 0.3″) and 9.73 ± 1.55 kpcs (1.31 ± 0.21″), with Lyα line luminosities of ∼3.35  ×  1044 erg s−1 and ∼6.99  ×  1044 erg s −1 for QSO1 and QSO2, respectively. The miniJPAS NB images show evidence of extended Lyα and CIV morphology for both QSOs and extended HeII morphology for QSO1.

Conclusions. These two QSOs may be potential candidates for the new enormous Lyman alpha nebula (ELAN) found from the miniJPAS survey due to their extended morphology in the shallow depth and relatively high Lyα luminosities. We suggest that galactic outflows are the major powering mechanism for the double-core Lyα morphology. Considering the relatively shallow exposures of miniJPAS, the objects found here could merely form the cusp of a promising number of such objects that will be uncovered in the upcoming full Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerated Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) survey and deep integral field units (IFU) observations with 8–10 m telescopes will be essential for constraining the underlying physical mechanism that is responsible for the double-cored morphology.
Krise3 – Auswirkungen des Russland-Ukraine-Krieges
während der Corona-Pandemie inmitten des Klimawandels auf
Phytotherapeutika
Authors: Reiken Babette
Published: October 2022

Pragmatische Lösungen dringend gesucht!

Während der andauernden Corona-Pandemie, die uns die Abhängigkeiten
der weltweiten Lieferketten vor Augen führt und in der inzwischen jeder die
katastrophalen Folgen des Klimawandels spürt, stecken wir seit dem Ausbruch
des Russland-Ukraine-Krieges inmitten einer Zeitenwende, die uns sowohl
gesellschaftlich als auch ökonomisch vor große Herausforderungen
stellt.
The Evolution of Miasm Theory and Its Relevance to Homeopathic Prescribing
Authors: Vithoulkas George , Chabanov Dmitry
Published: October 2022

For most health professionals who have chosen the challenging path of comprehending classical homeopathy, the theory of miasms is the most intriguing part of our science and is an area where much misunderstanding, criticism and controversy prevails. There are now a large number of opposing ideas and opinions on the subject of miasms, with various classifications, many of which we believe to be erroneous and which confuse many homeopaths and result in incorrect prescriptions.

Here we clarify the main postulates of Hahnemann's miasm theory and analyse how his followers transformed his ideas over the next century in the light of medical discoveries. This allows us to understand the limited relevance of miasm theory to modern day prescribing and offer a new and precise definition of the term miasm in relation to modern diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. How we apply this theory to the health challenges of the 21st century, such as increasing environmental pollution and other toxins, may play an important role in the future wellbeing of the human population.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Remy-Jardin Martine , Hutt Antoine , Remy Jacques
Published: October 2022

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) are two terms characterizing symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic occlusions of pulmonary arteries with or without pulmonary hypertension at rest. Their diagnosis follows evolving schemas that integrate technological advances of pivotal imaging modalities among which computed tomography angiography plays a major role. This review article summarizes the current knowledge on the natural history of acute pulmonary embolism and its evolution toward chronic pulmonary embolism, as well as the imaging clues, for the identification of chronically obstructed pulmonary arteries. The requirements for imaging at the time of therapeutic decisions are also described in the light of recent updates in the literature from multidisciplinary groups of experts. Because an early diagnosis of CTEPH remains a challenge for the medical community, several practical issues are included in this article with the objective of improving the knowledge and collaboration between radiologists and clinicians in service to the patient.
Is Further Evaluation of Areas with Faint MDP Uptake Needed in Individuals with Oligo-Metastatic Prostatic Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Sharma Anshul , Dwivedi Ankur
Published: October 2022

A 42-year-old male patient with high-risk prostate adenocarcinoma underwent baseline 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate skeletal scintigraphy, which revealed two skeletal metastases and an area of faint radiotracer uptake in the left femoral shaft. In view of oligo-metastatic nature of the disease in the bone scan and the young age of the patient, he was a candidate for metastases-directed treatment. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT was performed to further characterize this lesion. It was revealed to be a small soft tissue density lesion within the fatty bone marrow density, suggesting bone marrow involvement. A more sensitive evaluation of such areas with faint radiotracer uptake may be needed in high-risk prostate cancer patients where access to advanced modalities is limited. Their significance will also need reassessment as their detection will improve with technological advancements.
Assessment of Hearing Loss in Minor Head Injury: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bansal Sumit , Preetam Chappity , Patnaik Ashis , Sahu Rabi Narayan
Published: October 2022

Introduction Hearing loss following a head injury is common and well known. The numbers of road traffic accidents have increased recently, with minor head injuries being very common, and usually go unreported. Hearing loss after a minor head injury is often unnoticed. Available literature is limited in this regard.

Objective This study was done to assess hearing loss in patients with minor head injuries and to define its natural history and progression/regression by a serial assessment of hearing.

Methods This prospective study was done in the Department of Neurosurgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, for a period of 24 months to look at the profile of hearing levels of patients presenting with history suggestive of minor head injury.

Results This study has shown that some form of hearing loss is common after a minor head injury and should be evaluated in all patients to detect subclinical hearing loss. A significant number of patients having minimal or a mild degree of hearing loss, if managed properly, improve to preinjury status. Distortion product oto-acoustic emission testing should be used as the screening and follow-up tool.

Conclusion This study highlights the importance of hearing assessment in minor-head-injury patients and the prognosis of recovery as per the severity of hearing loss and head injury.
Primary Leptomeningeal Medulloblastoma in Adults: A Diagnostic Challenge—Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Fabbro Sara , Pegolo Enrico , Piccolo Daniele , Cramaro Antonio , Mascarin Maurizio , Coassin Elisa , Skrap Miran , Tuniz Francesco
Published: October 2022

Primary leptomeningeal medulloblastoma (PL-MB) in adults is a rare disease with a severe prognosis. A 35-year-old woman presented with headaches, diplopia, and gait ataxia, with triventricular hydrocephalus and descent of the cerebellar tonsils beyond the foramen magnum. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed. Six months later, headaches recurred. Dilatation of the supratentorial ventricular system and massive cerebellar swelling without contrast-enhancing nodularities were reported. Occipitocervical decompression with duraplasty was performed. A bioptic diagnosis of PL-MB was made. Craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy were administered. After 18 months, no recurrence was observed.

Few cases of PL-MB have been reported: patients die before treatment or within a few days after surgery. Our long-term survival could be ascribable to a slow clinical presentation and an early diagnosis that allowed surgical treatment and the administration of a combined chemoradiotherapy protocol. Cerebellar swelling, even without associated enhancing lesions, with or without hydrocephalus, should be a neuroradiological alarm sign, and PL-MB should be considered.
Application of a variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to heat conduction equation and analysis of time complexity
Authors: Liu Y. Y. , Chen Z. , Shu C. , Chew S. C. , Khoo B. C. , Zhao X. , Cui Y. D.
Published: October 2022

The prosperous development of both hardware and algorithms for quantum computing (QC) potentially prompts a paradigm shift in scientific computing in various fields. As an increasingly active topic in QC, the variational quantum algorithm leads a promising tool for solving partial differential equations on noisy intermediate scale quantum devices. Although a clear perspective on the advantages of QC over classical computing techniques for specific mathematical and physical problems exists, applications of QC in computational fluid dynamics to solve practical flow problems, though promising, are still at the early stage of development. To explore QC in practical simulation of flow problems, this work applies a variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, namely the variational quantum linear solver (VQLS), to resolve the heat conduction equation through finite difference discretization of the Laplacian operator. Details of the VQLS implementation are discussed by various test instances of linear systems. The effect of the number of shots on the accuracy is studied, which reveals a logarithmic relationship. Furthermore, the heuristic scaling of the VQLS with the precision ε, the number of qubits n and the condition number k validates its time complexity reported in the literature. In addition, the successful state vector simulations of the heat conduction equation in one and two dimensions demonstrate the validity of the present VQLS-based algorithm by proof-of-concept results. Finally, the heuristic scaling for the heat conduction problem indicates that the time complexity of the present approach is logarithmically dependent on the precision ε and linearly dependent on the number of qubits n.
A simple and accessible approach for processing photopolymer master molds for the fabrication of microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane devices
Authors: Otroshchenko A. , Zyuzin M. V.
Published: October 2022

The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing for fabrication of master molds for microfluidic devices is very attractive due to its availability and simplicity and replaces the standard methods of soft lithography. However, the commercially available photopolymer resins inhibit the curing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), preventing reliable replication of 3D printed master mold structures. Here, we present a simple and safe method to post-process 3D printed photopolymer master molds for PDMS microfluidic devices. This approach expands the possibilities of prototyping microfluidic PDMS devices for a wider research community without complex post-processing tools currently required for fabrication of 3D photopolymer master molds.
Similarity solution for isothermal flow behind the magnetogasdynamic cylindrical shock wave in a rotating non-ideal gas with the effect of the gravitational field
Authors: Chauhan Swati , Singh Deepika , Arora Rajan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate a system of quasilinear hyperbolic partial differential equations, which describes the propagation of cylindrical shock waves in a rotating non-ideal gas with the effects of the gravitational field and the axial magnetic field. It is assumed that the flow is isothermal. The Lie group of transformations is used to generate the self-similar solutions of the considered problem in the medium of uniform density. The axial and azimuthal components of fluid velocity and magnetic field are supposed to be varying. We find the generators of the Lie group of transformations by employing the invariant surface criteria. We discovered four alternative solutions by selecting the arbitrary constants indicated in the generators' phrase. Only in three out of these four cases, the self-similar solutions exist. Two types of shock paths appear while solving the above cases. The power-law shock path appears in the first and third cases, while the exponential-law shock path appears in the second case. To find self-similar solutions, these cases have been solved numerically. We graphically show the distributions of flow variables behind the shock wave so that we can observe the effect on flow variables of the various values of the non-ideal parameter, Alfvén Mach number, adiabatic exponent, gravitational parameter, and ambient azimuthal velocity exponent. For the computational task, we used “MATLAB” software.
Obesity-related glomerulopathy in children: connecting pathophysiology to clinical care
Authors: Mangat Guneive , Nair Nikhil , Barat Oren , Abboud Brian , Pais Priya , Bagga Sumedha , Raina Rupesh
Published: October 2022

Obesity has continued to emerge as a worldwide pandemic and has been associated with a significant increase in associated comorbidities. These include well-known conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, as well as lesser-known conditions such as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). The main etiology of ORG is podocyte damage, but contributing theories include dysfunctional renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, hyperinsulinemia and lipid deposition. Recent advances have made strides in understanding the complex pathophysiology of ORG. The key to treating ORG is weight loss and proteinuria reduction. Lifestyle modification, pharmacological interventions and surgery are mainstays of management. A special focus on obese children is required, as childhood obesity tracks into adulthood and primary prevention is key. In this review we discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features and established and newer treatment modalities of ORG.