bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suspensão da prisão civil por dívida alimentar em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Aguiar Wesley Mello
Published: August 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a suspensão da prisão civil, no período de emergência sanitária, decorrente da pandemia causada pelo coronavírus humano – denominado COVID-19 –, a partir do comentário ao Habeas Corpus n. 580.261/MG, do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Com a suspensão do cumprimento da prisão civil, não houve liberalidade do alimentante ao cumprimento da obrigação do pagamento da prestação alimentar, a permitir a substituição por outras medidas para o seu adimplemento, independentemente de nova análise da medida restritiva de liberdade, quando for decretado o fim do período pandêmico.
How does Brand Image, Price, and Promotion Influence Consumer Decisions in Mortgage Financing? PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch of UI Depok
Authors: Mustika Ika , Lorosae Gilang
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the Influence of Brand Image, Price, and Promotion to Consumer Decision at PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk UI Depok Branch. The method used in this research is by randomly distributing questionnaires to consumers in PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch of UI Depok have obtained mortgage financing. The analytical tool used is Multiple Linear Regeresi, the result of this research indicates that the significant positive effect on consumer decision, brand image has a significant positive effect on consumer decision, the price has a significant positive effect on consumer decision and the promotion has a significant positive effect on consumer decision.
Antenatal Education Model Based Gamification in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude Among Pregnant Women in the Antenatal Classes
Authors: Putri Erlin Chusnia , . Rasipin , Santoso Bedjo
Published: August 2020

The maternal mortality rate remain high in Indonesia. MMR in Indonesia around 80% of obstetric problems. Indonesia has developed the antenatal class program to improving knowledge and attitude for pregnant women. Antenatal class is an important component for pregnant women to improve their knowledge and skills during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. Educational methods using conventional methods are becoming obsolete and innovative educational methods have been developed. The aim of the research is to create antenatal education model based gamification to improve knowledge and attitude of pregnant women.The research we implemented Research and Development (R&D) method and quasi experimental with a control group pre-test and post-test design. Research subjects pregnant women were given education by ladder snakes and the control group by pregnancy booklets for 10 days meeting. The results show that antenatal education model is worthy of a education media with p-value of 0,000 and the application of this education based gamification after 10 days is effective in increasing knowledge (p=0,001) and attitudes (p=0,001) better than control group. According of the resultsAn antenatal education based on gamification is reliebel to improving knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women. An antenatal education based on gamification can be applied to antenatal classes
GINGEL: Development and Evaluation of AntiArthritic Gel Containing Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Tawde Salonee , Gawde Kinjal , Mahind Deepak , Mhaprolkar Chetan , Sawant Kirti , Surve Chaitali
Published: August 2020

Arthritis is a musculoskeletal system disorder which involves destabilization of normal mechanisms. Due to changing habits of living life, the number of arthritic people will increase rapidly. Currently, the existing anti-rheumatic drugs mostly show side effects like acne, blurred vision, high blood pressure and more effective to reduce pain and improve disease conditions but still, they do not treat the disease completely. Literature available indicates that most of the people seek complementary alternative treatments (CAM). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has empirically explored its use as an anti-inflammatory agent. Amongst others, the Topical route of drug delivery has built up popularity because it avoids first-pass effects, metabolic breakdown associated with oral administration and gastrointestinal irritation. Also, they are less greasy and can be easily washed off from the skin surface. The current study aimed to formulate antiarthritic gel containing ginger extract and to evaluate its drug release activity. The topical ginger gels were prepared using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent with varying concentrations, i.e., 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 % w/w. The gel was assayed to determine percent purity and cumulative drug release. Results indicated that the 1.5 % w/w concentration of carbopol in ginger gel exhibited an adequate drug release. In conclusion, an antiarthritic gel containing 1.5 % w/w of carbopol had a good consistency, acceptable spreadability, and showed a good drug release profile. The topical prepared herbal ginger gel is a simple, easily formulated, convenient and economical alternative that needs to be weighed in the treatment of RA.
Can Eight over Bowling Spell be a Directives of Pace Bowling for Practice Session: An Experimental Study
Authors: Seikh Mr. Mimu , Thander Dr. Abhijit
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of continuous bowling spell on physical and physiological performance in pace bowling and also to find out how many over a district level pace bowler can bowl at a stretch in practice session. In the present study ten (10) male pace bowlers 18 to 23 years from Paschim Medinipur West Bengal were selected for this study. Data on selected physiological parameters namely pulse rate, blood lactate were measured prior to the first over and Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and performance variable ball accuracy were measured after the 1st over and immediately after the completion of each 3rd, 5th, and 8th overs, by using digital sphygmomanometer, blood lactate analyser (Accutrend plus) and Borg scale respectively. The basic statistical parameters were calculated for all the data: the mean and standard deviation. One-way, repeated measures ANOVA were performed to determine differences in the respective 8- over spell. The result shows that all the physiological variables were significantly changed during a longduration of bowling spell. And no significant difference was found on bowling Performance variable ball accuracy during the 8-over spell on cricket pace bowling performance. It may be concluded that a district level pace bowler can bowl constant 8- over bowling spell at a stretch in practice session in West Bengal environment conditions.
A Discussion on the Religious Response to the Problem of Evil in Ghana Today
Authors: Addai-Mensah Peter
Published: August 2020

The existence of God is taken for granted by many believers. God is described as all good and all loving. The Bible tells believers that everything that God created was good and that God was so satisfied with the work of creation that God rested on the seventh day – cf. Gen. 1:31. This statement raises the question of the existence of Evil. Evil is a reality. The existence of Evil raises a lot of philosophical as well as theological questions such as: how can a benevolent God allow God’s people to suffer? Why should an omnipotent God allow Evil to exist?. This article discusses the problem of Evil. It takes a critical look at the different forms of Evil and the havoc that Evil causes. Finally, it examines how the believer in God can respond to the prevalence of Evil in Ghana today.
Fallback Rates from Partial Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Miles Patrick R. , Coughlin Eric R. , Nixon C. J.
Published: August 2020

A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when a star plunges through a supermassive black hole’s tidal radius, at which point the star's self-gravity is overwhelmed by the tidal gravity of the black hole. In a partial TDE, where the star does not reach the full disruption radius, only a fraction of the star's mass is tidally stripped while the rest remains intact in the form of a surviving core. Analytical arguments have recently suggested that the temporal scaling of the fallback rate of debris to the black hole asymptotes to t
−9/4 for partial disruptions, effectively independently of the mass of the intact core. We present hydrodynamical simulations that verify the existence of this predicted, t
−9/4 scaling. We also define a break timescale—the time at which the fallback rate transitions from a t
−5/3 scaling to the characteristic t
−9/4 scaling—and measure this break timescale as a function of the impact parameter and the surviving core mass. These results deepen our understanding of the properties and breadth of possible fallback curves expected from TDEs and will therefore facilitate more accurate interpretation of data from wide-field surveys.
Search for Optically Dark Infrared Galaxies without Counterparts of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field
Authors: Toba Yoshiki , Goto Tomotsugu , Oi Nagisa , Wang Ting-Wen , Kim Seong Jin , Ho Simon C.-C. , Burgarella Denis , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Huang Ting-Chi , Hwang Ho Seong , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Kim Helen K. , Kim Seongjae , Lee Dongseob , Malkan Matthew A. , Matsuhara Hideo , Miyaji Takamitsu , Momose Rieko , Ohyama Youichi , Oyabu Shinki , Pearson Chris , Santos Daryl Joe D. , Shim Hyunjin , Takagi Toshinobu , Ueda Yoshihiro , Utsumi Yousuke , Wada Takehiko
Published: August 2020

We present the physical properties of AKARI sources without optical counterparts in optical images from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru telescope. Using the AKARI infrared (IR) source catalog and HSC optical catalog, we select 583 objects that do not have HSC counterparts in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole wide survey field (∼5 deg2). Because the HSC limiting magnitude is deep (g
AB ∼ 28.6), these are good candidates for extremely red star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and/or active galactic nuclei (AGNs), possibly at high redshifts. We compile multiwavelength data out to 500 μm and use them for fitting the spectral energy distribution with CIGALE to investigate the physical properties of AKARI galaxies without optical counterparts. We also compare their physical quantities with AKARI mid-IR selected galaxies with HSC counterparts. The estimated redshifts of AKARI objects without HSC counterparts range up to z ∼ 4, significantly higher than for AKARI objects with HSC counterparts. We find that (i) 3.6 – 4.5 μm color, (ii) AGN luminosity, (iii) stellar mass, (iv) star formation rate, and (v) V-band dust attenuation in the interstellar medium of AKARI objects without HSC counterparts are systematically larger than those of AKARI objects with counterparts. These results suggest that our sample includes luminous, heavily dust-obscured SFGs/AGNs at z ∼ 1–4 that are missed by previous optical surveys, providing very interesting targets for the coming era of the James Webb Space Telescope.
An Eruptive Circular-ribbon Flare with Extended Remote Brightenings
Authors: Liu Chang , Prasad Avijeet , Lee Jeongwoo , Wang Haimin
Published: August 2020

We study an eruptive X1.1 circular-ribbon flare on 2013 November 10, combining multiwavelength observations with a coronal field reconstruction using a non-force-free field method. In the first stage, a filament forms via magnetic reconnection between two mildly twisted sheared arcades, which are embedded under the fan dome associated with a null point (NP). This reconnection seems to be driven by photospheric shearing and converging flows around the inner two arcade footpoints, consistent with the flare-related changes of the transverse field. The southern portion of the filament rises upward due to torus instability and pushes against the NP. The induced NP reconnection then generates the circular ribbon and the initial remote brightening in the west, as accelerated electrons precipitate along the fan and propagate outward along quasi-separatix surfaces with high values of the squashing factor (Q) in the envelope fields, which have a curtain-like shape here. In the second stage, the southern end of the flux rope breaks away from the surface, sequentially disrupts the dome and overlying fields, and erupts in a whipping-like fashion to become a partial halo coronal mass ejection. This leads to an enhanced flare emission and fast-moving remote brightenings at the footpoints of the magnetic curtain, which span a remarkably broad region and are also associated with coronal dimmings. This is a rare example of eruptive circular-ribbon flares, in which the evolution of a flux rope from its formation to successful eruption out of the dome and the resulting unusually extended remote brightenings are completely observed.
The Power Spectra of Polarized, Dusty Filaments
Authors: Huffenberger Kevin M. , Rotti Aditya , Collins David C.
Published: August 2020

We develop an analytic model for the power spectra of polarized filamentary structures as a way to study the Galactic polarization foreground to the cosmic microwave background. Our approach is akin to the cosmological halo-model framework, and reproduces the main features of the Planck 353 GHz power spectra. We model the foreground as randomly oriented, three-dimensional, spheroidal filaments, accounting for their projection onto the sky. The main tunable parameters are the distribution of filament sizes, the physical aspect ratio of filaments, and the dispersion of the filament axis around the local magnetic field direction. The abundance and properties of filaments as a function of size determine the slopes of the foreground power spectra, as we show via scaling arguments. The filament aspect ratio determines the ratio of B-mode power to E-mode power, and specifically reproduces the Planck-observed dust ratio of one-half when the short axis is roughly one-fourth the length of the long axis. Filament misalignment to the local magnetic field determines the TE cross-correlation, and to reproduce Planck measurements we need a (three-dimensional) misalignment angle with an rms dispersion of about 50°. These parameters are not sensitive to the particular filament density profile. By artificially skewing the distribution of the misalignment angle, this model can reproduce the Planck-observed (and parity-violating) TB correlation. The skewing of the misalignment angle necessary to explain TB will cause a yet-unobserved, positive EB dust correlation, a possible target for future experiments.
New High-quality Strong Lens Candidates with Deep Learning in the Kilo-Degree Survey
Authors: Li R. , Napolitano N. R. , Tortora C. , Spiniello C. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Huang Z. , Roy N. , Vernardos G. , Chatterjee S. , Giblin B. , Getman F. , Radovich M. , Covone G. , Kuijken K.
Published: August 2020

We report new high-quality galaxy-scale strong lens candidates found in the Kilo-Degree Survey data release 4 using machine learning. We have developed a new convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier to search for gravitational arcs, following the prescription by Petrillo et al. and using only r-band images. We have applied the CNN to two “predictive samples”: a luminous red galaxy (LRG) and a “bright galaxy” (BG) sample (r < 21). We have found 286 new high-probability candidates, 133 from the LRG sample and 153 from the BG sample. We have ranked these candidates based on a value that combines the CNN likelihood of being a lens and the human score resulting from visual inspection (P-value), and here we present the highest 82 ranked candidates with P-values ≥0.5. All of these high-quality candidates have obvious arc or pointlike features around the central red defector. Moreover, we define the best 26 objects, all with P-values ≥0.7, as a “golden sample” of candidates. This sample is expected to contain very few false positives; thus, it is suitable for follow-up observations. The new lens candidates come partially from the more extended footprint adopted here with respect to the previous analyses and partially from a larger predictive sample (also including the BG sample). These results show that machine-learning tools are very promising for finding strong lenses in large surveys and more candidates can be found by enlarging the predictive samples beyond the standard assumption of LRGs. In the future, we plan to apply our CNN to the data from next-generation surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Euclid, and the Chinese Space Station Optical Survey.
Compositing Eclipse Images from the Ground and from Space
Authors: Lockwood Christian A. , Pasachoff Jay M. , Seaton Daniel B. , Sliski David H. , Lefaudeux Nicolas
Published: August 2020

We present composite white-light images of the 2019 July 2, total solar eclipse, from the minimum of the solar-activity cycle. We exhibit high-resolution high dynamic range composites from three observation sites in Chile, including one made of 646 individual ground-based images and with such a wide field it exceeds the field of view of the Naval Research Laboratory’s C2 and C3 coronagraphs aboard ESA’s Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. We compare the resolution of the coronal streamers and other magnetic phenomena of the corona. We also show continuity of features on the solar surface as observed from NOAA’s GOES-16 and GOES-17 Solar Ultraviolet Imager.
The Visualization and Measurements of Mass Functions with LEGO
Authors: Hansotia Kyle K. , Kautsch Stefan J.
Published: August 2020

We promote the concept of mass functions for interdisciplinary science education and communication. A mass function characterizes the frequency distribution of the masses of objects in the universe. We present an experiment to demonstrate this concept to a diverse audience of science students, using popular LEGO toys. We discovered that the LEGO mass function is surprisingly similar compared to mass functions of astronomical objects such as stars and galaxies.
The Large Flux Variations of 17 Com A as Recorded by FUSE
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: August 2020

Inspection of archival FUSE spectra of the Ap star 17 Com A (HD 108662) reveals large flux variations from 905 to 1187 Å over the 5.0808 days rotational period. These variations are of larger amplitude than those observed in the ultraviolet range with IUE from 1200 to 2000 Å. At 1161 Å, where the flux reaches a maximum, the variation of flux with rotational phase shows a double-wave structure similar to that of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite lightcurve. These large flux variations are most likely caused by the passage of spots or belts of overabundant elements in the line of sight as the star rotates The FUSE spectrum of 17 Com A contains mostly blends of low-excitation lines of Mn ii, Cr ii and Fe ii and interesting lines of C i, C iii, P ii, S ii and Cl i.
Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Hübner (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology
Authors: van Nieukerken Erik J. , Eiseman Charles S.
Published: August 2020

The new genusAspilantagen. n.is described to harbour Nearctic heliozelid moths with reduced venation, previously placed inAntispilaHübner, 1825, with type speciesAntispila oinophyllavan Nieukerken & Wagner, 2012. The erection of this genus has become possible now that monophyly has been supported by a recent phylotranscriptomics analysis. Six species are combined in this genus:Aspilanta oinophylla(van Nieukerken & Wagner, 2012),comb. n.,A. hydrangaeella(Chambers, 1874),comb. n.,A. ampelopsifoliella(Chambers, 1874),comb. n.,A. voraginella(Braun, 1927),comb. n.,A. argentifera(Braun, 1927),comb. n.,A. viticordifoliella(Clemens, 1860),comb. n.and two candidate species are recognised. DNA barcode COI sequences of Malaise trapped specimens suggest a rich fauna ofAspilantain Central America. All are leafminers, with Vitaceae as main host family, and single species feeding respectively on Hydrangeaceae and Myricaceae. The species are briefly diagnosed, and data on biology, DNA barcodes and distribution are provided. To place the genus in context, a review of heliozelid morphology and phylogeny is presented and a key to Nearctic genera is given. The genus is confined to North and Central America, possibly also occurring in South America.Aspilanta oinophyllais also an invasive species on grapevine in Italy. The genus is sister toCoptodiscaWalsingham, 1895. Another species is removed fromAntispila:Heliozela eugeniella(Busck, 1900),comb. n., feeding onEugenia(Myrtaceae), from Florida.
Limitations of Autograft and Allograft: New Synthetic Solutions
Authors: Betz Randal R
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Autogenous cancellous bone is widely regarded as an ideal construct for graft procedures, supplying osteoinductive growth factors, osteogenic cells, and a structural scaffold. However, procurement morbidity and constraints on obtainable quantities limit its use. Allograft is the next best alternative at present; however, minor immunogenic rejection and risk of disease transmission are unresolved issues. Although synthetic grafting materials eliminate these risks, these materials do not transfer osteoinductive or osteogenic elements to the host site. To offer the advantages of autograft and allograft, a composite graft may be considered. Such a graft can combine a synthetic scaffold with biologic elements to stimulate cell infiltration and new bone formation.
Deep Keratomycosis Following Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Srirampur Arjun , Agraharam Satish Gooty , Reddy Ashok Kumar
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To report an unusual case of deep keratomycosis after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Methods:

A 70-year-old male presented with a deep corneal stromal infiltrate, without epithelial involvement, 3 weeks after a successful AGV implantation for neovascular glaucoma. Microscopic examination of the anterior chamber exudates revealed fungal filaments on smear, and white fungal colonies were observed on the Blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus flavus.

Results:

The patient was treated with oral and topical 1% voriconazole. Ten weeks after the treatment, the corneal infiltrate resolved, resulting in a vascularized scar.

Conclusion:

As recalcitrant keratomycosis of the deep corneal layers may occur after AGV implantation, early identification and prompt treatment may help to achieve complete resolution of the infection and salvage the eye.
Ocular Dirofilariasis in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Zvornicanin Jasmin , Zvornicanin Edita , Numanovic Fatima , Delibegovic Zineta , Husic Damir , Gegic Merima
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To report a rare occurrence of ocular dirofilariasis in Bosnia and Herzegovina and provide a short overview on clinical characteristics and treatment options for ocular dirofilariasis.

Methods:

A 75-year-old woman was admitted to the University Clinical Centre Tuzla with pain and redness in her left eye. A live, white, coiled, and active worm was noticed in subconjunctival space of bulbar conjunctiva.

Results:

After successful surgical extraction, the parasite was identified as the adult form of Dirofilaria repens. There were no signs of intraocular or systemic inflammation.

Conclusion:

Ophthalmologists should have in mind a possible infestation, especially in cases with repeated inflammatory reactions and swelling of the ocular region, which does not respond to conventional therapy.
Treatment Outcome of Acquired Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tumors with Rhuthenium-106 Plaque Radiotherapy
Authors: Naseripour Masood , Sedaghat Ahad , Abdolalizadeh Parya , Azizi Ehsan
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To report the clinical outcome of rhuthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy in acquired retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tumors.

Methods:

In this interventional case series, two eyes of two patients with clinically diagnosed ocular-acquired RPE tumors including adenoma and adenocarcinoma underwent plaque radiotherapy with rhuthenium-106. The clinical findings and visual outcome of the patients were evaluated.

Results:

The first patient was a 44-year-old male, and the second was a 32-year-old female. The follow-up times were 24 and 32 months. The tumor was unilateral and hyperpigmented in both cases, located at juxtapapillary in one patient and on peripheral part of the retina in the other. Vitreous hemorrhage and peripheral exudation were obvious in one patient. Macular edema, epiretinal membrane, and retinal feeder vessels were also detected in the examination. The patients underwent plaque radiotherapy with rhuthenium-106 as the first step of management. The tumor has been stable until the last follow-up in both patients with globe preservation and acceptable visual acuity (5/10 for the first case and 4/10 for the second case).

Conclusion:

Rhuthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy might be a conservative therapy in the management of acquired RPE tumors and prevent early enucleation.
Effect of Smoking on Tear Stability and Corneal Surface
Authors: Mohidin Norhani , Jaafar Adlie B
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To determine the effect of smoking on tear stability and ocular surface of the cornea among students aged between 19 and 25 years. This study also aimed to find a correlation between tear film stability with a score of McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire (MDEQ) and Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire (OSDI).

Methods:

This is a prospective, non-interventional, comparative study of 59 male (27 smokers and 32 non-smokers) undergraduates of a public university. Tear film stability was evaluated using non-invasive tear break-up time and fluorescein tear break-up time. Corneal staining was determined using Efron grading scale. MDEQ and OSDI Questionnaires were used to assess dry eye symptoms. Data were obtained from the right eye only and analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis.

Results:

The age range of the participants was between 19 and 25 years. The mean age for smokers and non-smokers was 22.19 ± 2.20 and 21.22 ± 1.83 years, respectively (P = 0.07). The smoker group had statistically significant lower tear film stability than the non-smoker group (P < 0.0001). Corneal staining was statistically significant higher at the nasal and temporal parts of the cornea in smokers (P < 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between tear film stability and scores of MDEQ and OSDI.

Conclusions:

Tobacco smoke has a significant effect on the tear film stability, seen in reduced tear stability values among smokers. Corneal staining was found to be more extensive in the smokers. These findings would be useful to eye-care providers in the management of their dry eye patients related to smoking.
Performance of Plusoptix A09 Photo Screener in Refractive Error Screening in School Children Aged between 5 and 15 Years in the Southern Part of India
Authors: Prabhu Avinash V , Thomas Jyothi , Ve Ramesh S , Biswas Sayantan
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the performance of Plusoptix A09 in detecting ametropia, warranted against frequently-used technique of retinoscopy in children attending school (5–15 years) and its probability as a screening tool.

Methods:

This study was the subset of a larger epidemiological study visual acuity refractive error squint conducted in schools to determine the prevalence of ocular morbidity among the 5–15 years' school children population. Every 7th student in the class (each school had mean value of 100 students) was randomly selected for this study after ascertaining their eligibility as per the inclusion criteria. A cohort of a total of 150 children within the age group of 5–15 (mean, 10.21 ± 2.83) years were recruited from 11 schools of Udupi district. Students with best corrected visual acuity of 20/20, refractive error within ±5.00 diopter (D), without any eccentric fixation, and no history of ocular pathology or seizures were recruited. Refractive error was tested by Plusoptix photorefractor followed by non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic retinoscopic techniques. The examiners performing these tests were masked and unware of the findings. Bland Altman plotted the agreement between the techniques, followed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and sensitivity of Plusoptix.

Results:

One-way analysis of variance calculated statistical differences among Plusoptix, objective retinoscopy, and cycloplegic retinoscopy for mean spherical value (1.12 ± 1.16 D, 0.65 ± 0.69 D, and 0.8 ± 0.82 D), cylindrical value (−0.83 D ± 1.27, −0.32 D ± 0.86, and −0.34 D ± −0.93), and spherical equivalent value (0.71 D ± 1.06, 0.45 D ± 0.7, and 0.61 D ± 0.81), with P = 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.097, respectively. Bland Altman plots showed good agreement for spherical equivalent values of Plusoptix and objective retinoscopy. However, the area under the ROC curve (0.386) suggests that lower diagnostic ability of this device in this age group population in comparison to retinoscopy (0.575) with the sensitivity and specificity of Plusoptix was 69.2% and 84.8%.

Conclusions:

This study fails to report ideal sensitivity mandated for a screening tool, although good specificity and agreement are observed. Along with retinoscopy, this tool will be effective in screening a children's population aged between the age group of 5 and 15 years.
Analysis of Age, Gender, and Refractive Error-Related Changes of the Anterior Corneal Surface Parameters Using Oculus Keratograph Topography
Authors: Moghadas Sharif Nasrin , Yazdani Negareh , Shahkarami Leila , Ostadi Moghaddam Hadi , Ehsaei Asieh
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To assess refractive error, gender, and age-related differences in corneal topography of a normal population with Oculus Keratograph 4.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included a total of 500 normal eyes of 500 individuals with ages ranging from 10 to 70 years. All participants underwent detailed ocular examinations, including visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination, and refractive error evaluation. Slit-lamp examination was performed for all individuals to rule out apparent corneal diseases. Corneal topography parameters were assessed using Oculus Keratograph. The data were analyzed based on gender, refractive error, and age groups using independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

Results:

Of a total of 500 participants (age: 29.51 ± 11.53 years) recruited for the present study, 66.4% were female, and 33.6% were male. The mean spherical equivalent of refraction was − 0.98 ± 1.65 diopters. Significant differences were noted in steep keratometry (P = 0.035) and corneal astigmatism (P = 0.014) between genders. Assessment of the data based on refractive error revealed significant differences in an index of vertical asymmetry (P < 0.001), index of height asymmetry (P = 0.003), and index of height decentration (P = 0.011). Considering age groups, significant differences were observed in flat keratometry readings (P < 0.001), mean corneal astigmatism (P = 0.02), minimum radius of curvature (P = 0.037), and apex power (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

There was a prominent variation in some topographic parameters based on gender, age, and refractive error. The information on corneal parameters obtained with Oculus Keratograph from normal eyes provides a reference for comparison with diseased corneas.
Non-Surgical Management Options of Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Heydarian Samira , Hashemi Hassan , Jafarzadehpour Ebrahim , Ostadi Amin , Yekta Abbasali , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Dadbin Nooshin , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Khoshhal Fahimeh , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To review current non-surgical management methods of intermittent exotropia (IXT) which is one of the most common types of childhood-onset exotropia.

Methods:

A search strategy was developed using a combination of the words IXT, divergence excess, non-surgical management, observation, overcorrecting minus lens therapy, patch/occlusion therapy, orthoptics/binocular vision therapy, and prism therapy to identify all articles in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus). To find more articles and to ensure that the databases were thoroughly searched, the reference lists of the selected articles were also reviewed from inception to June 2018 with no restrictions and filters.

Results:

IXT is treated when binocular vision is impaired, or the patient is symptomatic. There are different surgical and non-surgical management strategies. Non-surgical treatment of IXT includes patch therapy, prism therapy, orthoptic sessions, and overcorrecting minus lens therapy. The objective of these treatments is to reduce the symptoms and the frequency of manifest deviation by decreasing the angle of deviation or enhancing the ability to control it.

Conclusions:

Evidence of the efficacy of non-surgical management options for IXT is not compelling. More comprehensive randomized controlled trial studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of these procedures and detect the most effective strategy.
A sheaf-theoretic model for SL(2,$\mathbb C$) Floer homology
Authors: Abouzaid Mohammed , Manolescu Ciprian
Published: August 2020

Given a Heegaard splitting of a three-manifold

Y

, we consider the SL(2,

\mathbb C

) character variety of the Heegaard surface, and two complex Lagrangians associated to the handlebodies. We focus on the smooth open subset corresponding to irreducible representations. On that subset, the intersection of the Lagrangians is an oriented d-critical locus in the sense of Joyce. Bussi associates to such an intersection a perverse sheaf of vanishing cycles. We prove that in our setting, the perverse sheaf is an invariant of

Y

, i.e., it is independent of the Heegaard splitting. The hypercohomology of the perverse sheaf can be viewed as a model for (the dual of) SL(2,

\mathbb C

) instanton Floer homology. We also present a framed version of this construction, which takes into account reducible representations.We give explicit computations for lens spaces and Brieskorn spheres, and discuss the connection to the Kapustin–Witten equations and Khovanov homology.
Dimension, comparison, and almost finiteness
Authors: Kerr David
Published: August 2020

We develop a dynamical version of some of the theory surrounding the Toms–Winter conjecture for simple separable nuclear C*-algebras and study its connections to the C*-algebra side via the crossed product. We introduce an analogue of hyperfiniteness for free actions of amenable groups on compact spaces and show that it plays the role of

\mathcal Z

-stability in the Toms–Winter conjecture in its relation to dynamical comparison, and also that it implies

\mathcal Z

-stability of the crossed product. This property, which we call almost finiteness, generalizes Matui’s notion of the same name from the zero-dimensional setting.We also introduce a notion of tower dimension as a partial analogue of nuclear dimension and study its relation to dynamical comparison and almost finiteness, as well as to the dynamical asymptotic dimension and amenability dimension of Guentner, Willett, and Yu.
Black Churches and Their Attitudes to the Social Protest in the Civil Rights Era: Obedience, Civil Disobedience and Black Liberation Theology
Authors: Napierała Paulina
Published: August 2020

The article focuses on the diversity of attitudes that Black churches presented toward the social protest of the civil rights era. Although their activity has been often perceived only through the prism of Martin Luther King’s involvement, in fact they presented many different attitudes to the civil rights campaigns. They were never unanimous about social and political engagement and their to various responses to the Civil Rights Movement were partly connected to theological divisions among them and the diversity of Black Christianity (a topic not well-researched in Poland). For years African American churches served as centers of the Black community and fulfilled many functions of ethnic churches (as well as of other ethnic institutions), but the scope of these functions varied greatly – also during the time of the Civil Rights Movement. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to analyze the whole spectrum of Black churches’ attitudes to the civil rights protests, paying special attention to the approaches and strategies that are generally less known.

* Funding for the research leading to the results of this study was received from the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) on the basis of the Decision No. 2018/02/X/HS5/02381 for MINIATURA 2 project: “Polityczno-społeczna rola Kościołów afroamerykańskich na Południu USA.” I gratefully acknowledge this support.
Research for Switzerland’s energy future
Authors: Andreas Balthasar , Hans-Rudolf Schalcher
Published: August 2020

The résumé of the NRP “Energy” is a scientific contribution to the process of opinion formation, to political and specialist debate as well as to the planning of strategies and measures necessary for the transformation of the energy system against the backdrop of Switzerland’s Energy Strategy 2050. With the suggested approaches and recommendations, the résumé is especially aimed at those key stakeholders who, to a considerable extent, shape the energy system and who can thus also influence its development.
Synthèse conjointe «Constructions durables en béton» du PNR «Energie»
Authors: Habert Guillaume , Pittau Francesco
Published: August 2020

À l’échelle de leur cycle de vie, toutes les constructions de Suisse – c’est-à-dire les bâtiments, les routes, les ouvrages d’infrastructure, etc. – représentent environ 50 % des besoins d’énergie finale de la Suisse. De plus, elles sont responsables de plus de 30 % des émissions de CO2, un gaz à effet de serre. Au cours des dernières décennies, les besoins énergétiques et les émissions de CO2 liées à l’utilisation des bâtiments ont fortement diminué. L’énergie grise contenue dans les bâtiments et les émissions de CO2 issues de la production des matériaux de construction, de la rénovation et du démantèlement sont cependant restées élevées. Le potentiel d’amélioration est considérable à cet égard. Le projet conjoint « Béton à basse énergie » jette les fondements d’une transformation de l’industrie de la construction en un secteur durable. Il se concentre notamment sur le béton en tant que matériau de construction engendrant des niveaux particulièrement élevés d’énergie grise et d’émissions de CO2. Les résultats de ce projet conjoint sont résumés et interprétés dans la présente synthèse « Constructions durables en béton ». Le projet conjoint s’est avant tout concentré sur les objectifs suivants : Réduire les émissions de CO2 et l’énergie grise par une diminution drastique du clinker dans le ciment. Réduire l’énergie grise en remplaçant l’acier d’armature et de précontrainte dans les structures en béton par du bois et des matériaux de synthèse. Allonger la durée de vie des ouvrages grâce à une surveillance professionnelle et des mesures de rénovation adéquates, ce qui réduit les moyennes annuelles d’énergie grise et d’émissions de CO2. Les recherches montrent que les émissions de CO2 causées par le béton et les structures en béton peuvent être réduites d’un facteur 4 et l’énergie grise mobilisée d’un facteur 3.
Synthese des NFP-70-Verbundprojekts «Abfallmanagement als Beitrag zur Energiewende (wastEturn)»
Authors: Melanie Haupt , Stefanie Hellweg
Published: August 2020

Im Abfall steckt sowohl direkt wie auch indirekt viel Energie. So werden in der Schweiz pro Jahr Siedlungsabfälle mit einem Energiegehalt von rund 60 Petajoule verbrannt. Die daraus direkt zurückgewonnene Energie deckt etwa 4 Prozent des Endenergiebedarfs. Das grösste Potenzial der Abfallwirtschaft liegt aber meist darin, beim Recycling sekundäre Rohstoffe zu gewinnen und so indirekt die energieintensive Produktion von primären Rohstoffen zu verhindern.

Um den Beitrag der Abfallwirtschaft zur Energiewende zu optimieren, braucht es in einem ersten Schritt vor allem Verbesserungen hinsichtlich einer transparenten Dokumentation der Material- und Geldflüsse und darauf aufbauend eine energetische Priorisierung der verschiedenen Verwertungs- und Entsorgungswege. Als diejenigen Abfallfraktionen mit dem grössten Verbesserungspotenzial wurden Papier und Karton sowie Plastik identifiziert. Bei Papier und Karton lassen sich aufgrund der sehr grossen Mengen bedeutende Effekte erzielen. Gebrauchte Kunststoffe werden mit Ausnahme der PET-Getränkeflaschen bisher erst wenig getrennt gesammelt. Ein grosses Optimierungspotenzial wurde auch bei der Energieeffizienz der Verbrennungsanlagen identifiziert. Damit KVAs die entstehende Wärme wirkungsvoller nutzen können, müssen aber Abnehmer für Dampf und Wärmeenergie in ihrer Nähe angesiedelt sein. Ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor für einen Wandel hin zu einer energieeffizienten Abfallwirtschaft ist die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den vielen Akteuren der föderalistisch organisierten Branche. Diese muss sich zum einen vermehrt entlang der Wertschöpfungsketten organisieren. Zum anderen gilt es dabei aber auch, die Freiräume der föderalen Vielfalt zu nutzen, um unterschiedliche Lösungswege zu testen.
Verbundsynthese «Geothermie» des NFP «Energie»
Authors: Guidati Gianfranco , Giardini Domenico
Published: August 2020

Die oberflächennahe Geothermie mit Wärmepumpen ist Stand der Technik und in der Schweiz bereits stark verbreitet. Im künftigen Energiesystem soll zusätzlich die mitteltiefe bis tiefe Geothermie (1–6 km) eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Im Vordergrund steht die Lieferung von Wärme für Gebäude und industrielle Prozesse. Diese Form der Erdwärmenutzung setzt einen gut durchlässigen Untergrund voraus, damit ein Fluid – in der Regel Wasser – die natürlich vorhandene Gesteinswärme übernehmen und an die Oberfläche transportieren kann. Bei Sedimentgesteinen ist dies meist von Natur aus gegeben, wogegen bei Graniten und Gneisen die Durchlässigkeit mittels Einpressen von Wasser künstlich herbeigeführt werden muss. Die so gewonnene Wärme nimmt mit zunehmender Bohrtiefe zu: In 1 km Tiefe liegt die Untergrundtemperatur bei ca. 40 °C und in 3 km Tiefe bei ca. 100 °C.

Um eine Dampfturbine für die Stromproduktion anzutreiben, sind Temperaturen von über 100 °C notwendig. Da dafür grössere Tiefen von 3 bis 6 km erforderlich sind, steigt auch das Risiko der durch die Bohrungen induzierten Seismizität. Der Untergrund eignet sich ausserdem auch zur Speicherung von Wärme und Gasen, zum Beispiel Wasserstoff oder Methan, sowie zur definitiven Einlagerung von CO2. Dazu muss er ähnliche Voraussetzungen erfüllen wie bei der Wärmegewinnung, zusätzlich ist jedoch eine über dem Reservoir liegende dichte Deckschicht erforderlich, damit das Gas nicht entweichen kann.

Im Verbundprojekt «Wasserkraft und Geothermie» des NFP «Energie» wurde vor allem der Frage nachgegangen, wo sich in der Schweiz geeignete Bodenschichten finden, die die Anforderungen der verschiedenen Nutzungen optimal erfüllen. Ein zweiter Forschungsschwerpunkt betraf Massnahmen zur Reduktion der durch Tiefenbohrungen induzierten Seismizität und der daraus folgenden Schäden an Bauten. Im Weiteren wurden Modelle und Simulationen entwickelt, die zu einem besseren Verständnis der Vorgänge im Untergrund bei der Erschliessung und Nutzung der geothermischen Ressourcen beitragen.

Zusammengefasst zeigen die Forschungsergebnisse, dass in der Schweiz gute Voraussetzungen vorhanden sind für die Nutzung der mitteltiefen Erdwärme (1–3 km), sowohl für den Gebäudepark als auch für industrielle Prozesse. Auch in Bezug auf die saisonale Speicherung von Wärme und Gasen ist Optimismus angebracht. Die Potenziale für die definitive Einlagerung von CO2 in relevanten Mengen sind demgegenüber als eher limitiert zu bezeichnen. Hinsichtlich der Stromproduktion aus Erdwärme mittels der tiefen Geothermie (> 3 km) besteht noch keine abschliessende Gewissheit, wie gross das wirtschaftlich nutzbare Potenzial im Untergrund wirklich ist. Diesbezüglich sind dringend industriell betriebene Demonstrationsanlagen notwendig, um die Akzeptanz bei der Bevölkerung und bei Investoren zu stärken.
Verbundsynthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» des NFP «Energie»
Authors: Habert Guillaume , Pittau Francesco
Published: August 2020

Alle Bauten in der Schweiz – also alle Gebäude, Strassen, Infrastrukturbauten und so weiter – konsumieren über ihren gesamten Lebenszyklus hinweg rund 50 Prozent des schweizerischen Endenergiebedarfs. Zudem emittieren sie gut 30 Prozent des Treibhausgases CO2. In den letzten Jahrzehnten reduzierten sich der Energiebedarf und die CO2-Emissionen bei der Nutzung der Bauten stark. Die graue Energie, die in den Bauten steckt, und der CO2-Ausstoss bei der Herstellung der Baustoffe, der Sanierung und dem Rückbau sind hingegen unverändert hoch. Hier besteht grosses Potenzial. Das Verbundprojekt «Energiearmer Beton» schafft wichtige Grundlagen für die Transformation der Bauwirtschaft in eine nachhaltige Branche. Es fokussiert vor allem auf den Baustoff Beton, der für besonders viel graue Energie und CO2-Emissionen verantwortlich ist. Die Ergebnisse dieses Verbundprojekts werden in der vorliegenden Synthese «Nachhaltige Betonkonstruktionen» zusammengefasst und interpretiert. Das Verbundprojekt hat vor allem folgende Ziele verfolgt: Die CO2-Emissionen und die graue Energie werden durch eine drastische Reduktion des Klinkers im Zement verringert. Die graue Energie wird reduziert, indem in Betonkonstruktionen der Bewehrungs- und Spannstahl durch Holz und Kunststoffe ersetzt wird. Die Lebensdauer der Bauwerke wird durch eine professionelle Bauwerksüberwachung und durch adäquate Sanierungsmassnahmen verlängert; damit reduzieren sich die im Durchschnitt pro Jahr anfallende graue Energie und die CO2-Emissionen. Die Forschungen zeigen, dass sich der durch Beton und Betonkonstruktionen verursachte CO2-Ausstoss um den Faktor 4 und die gebundene graue Energie um den Faktor 3 reduzieren lassen.
Assessment of the effect of beaver foraging activities on the alteration of waterside forests in northern and middle taiga of Russian Karelia
Authors: Fyodorov Fyodor
Published: August 2020

The territory of the Republic of Karelia is latitudinally elongated and traversing two boreal subzones such as the northern and middle taiga. Pine and spruce stands predominate in the northern taiga, while forests in middle taiga are more diverse, represented by secondary stands, and often dominated by deciduous species. These factors define the foraging behaviour of beavers and their role in alteration of riparian forests. Dispersing in the northern taiga, beavers tend to choose waterside areas with a higher proportion of deciduous species. However, such habitats occupy less than 1% of the forested area in this subzone, so the overall effect of beaver foraging on forest stands would be minor. On the other hand, inside beaver colonies, stand alteration is far more pronounced than changes in colonies in the middle taiga, and the effects are the following: 1) waterside forests in the northern taiga lose 2.5 times more deciduous trees than those in the middle taiga (61.4 and 26.3 %, respectively); 2) in waterside stands, aspen is totally removed, the share of conifers is doubled, and the share of birch is reduced (in the middle taiga, the share of birch around beaver colonies slightly increases, and the share of aspen is reduced by a factor of 1.5); 3) beavers in the north of Karelia consume thick birch trees more often than in the south of the region; 4) the regeneration capacity of damaged trees in the north is lower than in the south of Karelia.

Key words: beavers, foraging activities, waterside forests, northern and middle taiga, tree stands
Design and Simulation of SEPIC Converter with Fuzzy-logic MPPT for Standalone System
Authors: Rahulkumar J Sudharsan V N, Dr.K. Ranjith Kumar
Published: August 2020

This Paper establishes the system of Solar fed independent systems with a SEPIC converter with Dual
Input and Dual output. The Maximum power point tracking of solar has been achieved by Fuzzy-logic Control
method. The Control scheme implemented in this helps to extract maximum power effectively. The various
suitable operations of converter have been achieved through Real time simulator (RTDS) and the outcomes
are highlighted.