bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abuse Issue in Labor Relations
Authors: Luzik A. A.
Published: December 2021

Based on an analysis of the provisions of the legislation, the law enforcement acts of the courts, the  essence of the legal phenomenon of abuse, as well as the problems associated with the application of provisions on abuse of law in the field of labor legal relations, are investigated. Based on examples from judicial practice, the  paper substantiates the absence of a formally defined approach to the application of the principle of inadmissibility  of abuse, as well as its superficial understanding. The paper reveals the issues of theoretical heterogeneity of the  intersectoral concept of abuse of law in domestic science, as well as the understanding of the concept of "abuse"  and its elements existing in the science of labor law. In addition, the possibility of highlighting this type of abuse  as abuse of power (opportunities) is being considered. The expediency of the development of an integrated cross[1] sectoral system of views and legal norms in relation to abuse in law is substantiated, giving answers to questions  about the place of abuse in the system of legal behavior, its means and the system of effective measures of  responsibility.
Problems and Prospects for the Introduction of Digital Technologies in the Prosecutor’s Office Activities
Authors: Yatsutsenko V. V.
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the issues of introducing digital technologies into the activities of the prosecutor’s  office in the light of the adopted Concept of digital transformation of the bodies and organizations of the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation until 2025. The author analyzes the current problems and prospects  of organizing prosecutorial activities in modern conditions of digitalization, pays attention to such problems as the  legislative regulation of issues related to citizens’ appeals in the form of an electronic document, also highlights  the problem of introducing artificial intelligence, which causes many ethical and legal issues, and other questions.  The digitalization of the activities of prosecutors is a complex and multi-stage process, but automated programs,  electronic document management and artificial intelligence will help improve the quality and level of work of law  enforcement agencies, which will contribute to increasing the rule of law.
Comparing of level of circulation of respiratory viruses during epidemic seasons 2015–2020 and COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Ksenafontov Andrey D. , Pisareva Maria M. , Eder Veronica A. , Musaeva Tamila D. , Timofeeva Mariya M. , Kiseleva Irina V.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses circulate everywhere. Problem of pandemic respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2 is especially relevant. The understanding of level of circulation of different viruses can help in developing a strategy of respiratory viruses combat.
AIM: To compare circulation of respiratory viruses during different seasons.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCR-diagnostic.
RESULTS: The most common viruses before the pandemic were influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. COVID-19 pandemic season 2020/2021 had significant difference from previous epidemic seasons. Influenza viruses have largely disappeared, but the circulation of seasonal coronavirus and metapneumovirus has increased. The circulation of rhinovirus remained at the same level.
CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus had a significant impact on some respiratory viruses circulation, such as influenza or respiratory syncytial viruses.
Protective role of silver nanoparticles in influenza infection
Authors: Al Farroukh Mohammad , Skomorokhova Ekaterina A. , Magazenkova Daria N. , Kiseleva Irina V.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The present study assesses copper metabolism of the host organism as a target of antiviral strategy, basing on the virocell concept. This concept suggests that the targets for suppressing viral reproduction can be found in the hosts metabolism.
AIM: Evaluation of the effect of copper status indicators on influenza infection in mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as a specific active agent because they reduce the level of holo-ceruloplasmin, the main extracellular cuproenzyme. The mouse model of influenza virus A infection was used with two doses: 1 LD50 and 10 LD50. The following treatment regimens were used: mice were pretreated four days before infection and then every day during infection development until the end of the experiment (day 14).
RESULTS: The mice treated with AgNPs demonstrated significantly lower mortality, the protection index reached 6070% at the end of the experiment, and mean lifespan was prolonged. In addition, the treatment of the animals with AgNPs resulted in normalization of the weight dynamics. Despite the amelioration of the infection, AgNPs treatment did not influence influenza virus replication.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the view that silver nanoparticles could be used as protection against influenza.
Optimization of M2e cassette amino acid composition for the development of universal influenza vaccine
Authors: Mezhenskaya Daria А. , Isakova-Sivak Irina N. , Katelnikova Anastasiya E. , Rudenko Larisa G.
Published: December 2021

The development of a universal influenza vaccine with a wide spectrum and duration of action is one of the serious public health problems. This study is dedicated to optimization of an immunogen covering the M2e epitopes of influenza A viruses circulating in the natural reservoir, as well as the creation of a prototype of a universal influenza vaccine with subsequent quantitative and qualitative assessment of the induced anti-M2e responses in ferrets.
The features of the course of virus-associated acute lung injury in mice with induced immunosuppression
Authors: Aleksandrov Andrey G.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Among all groups of patients with virus-associated acute lung injury with influenza infection, the most severe course is observed in patients with immunosuppression. In this case, despite the studied mechanism of the course of combined pathology, the question of therapy in this group of patients remains unclear.
AIM: To study the features of the course of acute lung injury in influenza infection with secondary immunosuppression in an experiment for the possibility of searching for experimental therapy for this combined pathology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 115 outbred female mice. The mouse-adapted pandemic influenza virus A/California/7/09MA (H1N1)pdm09 was used for modeling viral acute lung injury. Experimental immunosuppression was reproduced by administration of methotrexate (1.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, once every 3 days during 3 weeks before infection). During the experiment, mortality, blood oxygen saturation, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and the severity of lung injury were measured.
RESULTS: The presence of experimental immunosuppression led to an exacerbation of acute lung injury in infected animals in terms of mortality and lung damage. Changes in the dynamics of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, IL-1) in the lungs were observed during acute lung injury. Retarded recovery of the lungs functional activity was noted.
CONCLUSIONS: The experimental immunosuppression contributed to the exacerbation of acute lung injury and to an increase in the duration of the pathology. These changes could be associated with an altered process of elimination of the pathogen. The reproduced model of combined pathology was used for searching a therapy for these complications.
Construction of the vaccine strain of the influenza B virus with chimeric hemagglutinin to induce a cross-protective immune response
Authors: Baranov Konstantin V. , Wong Pei-Fong , Stepanova Ekaterina A. , Bazhenova Ekaterina A. , Krutikova Elena V. , Isakova-Sivak Irina N. , Rudenko Larisa G.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses cause worldwide epidemics, and the most effective method to prevent influenza disease is regular vaccinations. The development of new generation vaccines is aimed primarily at the formation of an immune response against a wide range of influenza viruses. One of the promising approaches is sequential vaccination with chimeric influenza viruses with identical stem domains of the hemagglutinin surface protein.
AIM: The development of an experimental vaccine strain of influenza B virus with chimeric hemagglutinin consisting of head and stem domains of influenza B viruses belonging to different genetic lineages.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A chimeric influenza hemagglutinin gene was obtained by genetic engineering from the genetic material of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata influenza strains. The gene was inserted into the vector for the reverse genetics of the influenza virus. The influenza B virus strain with chimeric hemagglutinin was obtained by transfection of Vero cells using an 8-plasmid system. The rest of the genes were obtained from the attenuated influenza B virus with cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive phenotypes. The biological properties of the obtained recombinant strain, its infectious titer in developing chicken embryos and MDCK cell culture were evaluated.
RESULTS: A recombinant vaccine strain has been successfully rescued. The head domain of the hemagglutinin of the virus is inherited from the B/Victoria influenza virus, and the stem domain from the B/Yamagata virus. The virus actively replicated in eggs and MDCK cells, with temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotypes identical to classical live attenuated influenza vaccine viruses. The thermal stability of the chimeric hemagglutinin did not differ significantly from the thermal stability of the hemagglutinins of the donor viruses.
CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate the possibility of creating a strain with chimeric hemagglutinin, fragments of which are inherited from different genetic lineages. The growth characteristics and biological properties of the strain make it a promising candidate for the experimental evaluation of the possibility of inducing a cross-protective immune response by sequential vaccination with vaccine strains with identical stem hemagglutinin domains.
Generation and in vitro characterization of engineered cold-adapted influenza A strains with modified NS gene
Authors: Chistyakova Anna K. , Prokopenko Polina I. , Krutikova Elena V. , Stepanova Ekaterina A. , Isakova-Sivak Irina N. , Rudenko Larisa G.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The high variability of influenza strains and the emergence of new variants of viruses lead to the need for constant updating of the composition of influenza vaccines. One of the options for solving this problem is the development of vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against a wide range of influenza strains. Genetically engineered preparations based on live influenza vaccine can be used for targeted stimulation of the cellular immune response. It has been experimentally established that CTL epitopes inserted into the NS gene of the live influenza vaccine strain cause the activation of lymphocytes and the formation of a pool of resident memory T-cells in the lungs of model animals. It is optimal to use experimentally confirmed immunogenic regions for insertion.
AIM: The aim of this study was to rescue a panel of experimental cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine strains with a modified NS gene using A/Leningrad/134/17/57 backbone and recent influenza strains of H1N1, H3N2 and H7N9 subtypes, and evaluate their properties in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cassette encoding immunogenic, conserved among a wide range of influenza strains T-cell epitopes of the influenza virus PB1 protein restricted by common HLA-allotypes was inserted into the gene encoding the NS1 protein. The modified NS gene was cloned into the pCIPolISapIT influenza virus reverse genetics vector. Chimeric influenza viruses were rescued by transfection of Vero cells by electroporation using a standard 8-plasmid system. The growth characteristics of viruses were assessed in developing chicken embryos.
Results: Three strains were successfully obtained based on the live influenza vaccine master donor virus A/Leningrad/ 134/17/57 with a modified NS gene and influenza viruses of the H1N1, H3N2, H7N9 subtypes. Thus, modification of NS gene by insertion of immunogenic PB1 epitopes did not affect the viability and replicative activity of the rescued chimeric live influenza vaccine strains, regardless of the composition of the surface proteins. The strains replicated well at an optimal temperature, had temperature-sensitive phenotype and were able to grow at low temperature.
CONCLUSIONS: The strains will be further studied as candidates for influenza prophylaxis as an experimental universal influenza vaccine.
Growth characteristics of experimental live influenza vaccine strains with modified NP and NS genes
Authors: Prokopenko Polina I. , Matyushenko Виктория A. , Isakova-Sivak Irina N. , Rudenko Larisa G.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Vaccination is the most effective means of fighting influenza epidemics, but the immunogenicity of licensed influenza vaccines is not always satisfactory. One of the ways to increase the immunogenicity of an attenuated live influenza vaccine is to shorten the open reading frame of the NS1 protein, a modulator of innate antiviral immunity. In addition, the T-cell response to vaccination can be optimized by including the NP gene from the epidemic parental virus into the genome of vaccine strains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The open reading frame of the NS1 protein of the master donor virus A/Leningrad/134/17/57 was truncated to 126 amino acids by site-directed mutagenesis. The HA, NA, and NP genes of the model virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) were cloned into the pCIPolISapIT vector. The rescue of recombinant influenza viruses was performed by transfection of Vero cells with a desired set of plasmids. The growth properties of the recombinant viruses were determined in embryonated chicken eggs incubated at different temperatures, as well as in the tissues of the respiratory tract of mice (nasal turbinates, lungs).
RESULTS: Experimental live influenza vaccine strains of subtype H7N9 with genome compositions 6:2 and 5:3 and carrying a full-length or truncated NS1 gene were actively replicated in eggs under optimal conditions, while maintaining the temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotypes characteristic of classical live influenza vaccine strains. All viruses lacked the ability to grow in the lungs of C57BL/6J mice, which confirms the attenuated phenotype of the viruses. In the nasal passages of mice, only viruses with the full-length NS1 gene replicated, while viruses expressing the truncated NS1 protein were not detected in the respiratory tract of animals.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that modification of the NS1 gene of the vaccine virus and the inclusion of wild-type NP gene in its genome does not affect its growth characteristics in eggs. A decrease in the activity of viral replication in the upper respiratory tract of mice with a shortening of the NS1 open reading frame indicates an increase in the attenuating properties of modified vaccines, which opens up prospects for the use of new vaccines in children under three years of age.
On the history of the study of endogenous antibiotics
Authors: Aleshina Galina M.
Published: December 2021

The review presents data on the history of the discovery of the first endogenous antibiotic compounds, on the contribution of Russian scientists, in particular, researchers from the Institute of Experimental Medicine (St. Petersburg), in the study of the structural and functional properties of antimicrobial proteins and peptides important molecular factors of innate immunity that can act as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in the fight to control pathogenic microorganisms.
The role of coinfection with influenza viruses in the pathogenesis of severe infection in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Shvedova Tamara N. , Kopteva Olga S. , Kudar Polina A. , Lerner Anna A. , Desheva Yuliya A.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite the continuing global spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of severe infections remain poorly understood. The role of comorbidity with other seasonal viral infections, including influenza, in the pathogenesis of the severe course of COVID-19 remains unclear.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study used sera left over from ongoing laboratory studies of patients with varying degrees of severity of COVID-19. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution IEM (protocol 3/20 from 06/05/2020). We studied 28 paired samples obtained upon admission of patients to the hospital and after 57 days of hospital stay. Paired sera of patients with COVID-19 were tested for antibodies to influenza A and B viruses. The presence of IgG antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was studied using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum concentration of C-reactive protein and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on the day of hospitalization were also assessed.
RESULTS: At least a 4-fold increase in serum IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 S protein was found both in patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and without PCR confirmation. It was shown that out of 18 patients with moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 infection, six of them showed at least a 4-fold increase in antibodies to influenza A/H1N1, in one to influenza A/H3N2 and in two cases to the influenza B. Laboratory data in these two groups were characterized by significant increases in serum C-reactive protein and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio concentrations compared with the moderate COVID-19 group.
CONCLUSIONS: Serological diagnostics can additionally detect cases of coronavirus infection when the virus was not detected by PCR. In moderate and severe cases of COVID-19, coinfections with influenza A and B viruses have been identified. The results obtained confirm the need for anti-influenza immunization during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Influenza virus screening can significantly improve patient management because recommended antiviral drugs (neuraminidase inhibitors) are available.
Estimation of 100 nm particle distribution kinetics in mouse lung using confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Vavilova Julia D. , Bolkhovitina Elena L. , Bogorodskiy Andrey O. , Okhrimenko Ivan S. , Borshchevskiy Valentin I. , Shevchenko Marina A.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Daily, people inhale airborne viral particles, some of which have a size of about 100 nm, such as particles of SARS-CoV-2. Kinetics of such 100 nm particle distribution in the respiratory tract is important, however, not a properly investigated question.
AIM: To estimate the dissemination of inert viral particles based on the analysis of the spatial distribution of fluorescent 100 nm particles in the mouse lungs at different time points after the application.
MATHERIALS AND METHODS: Fluorescent particles of 100 nm size were applied to C57BL/6 mice. 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after, lungs were excised and fixed. Lung lobes were stained with immunohistochemistry as whole-mounts and then underwent optical clearance. Three-dimensional images of whole-mount mouse lung lobes were acquired using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
RESULTS: 6 hours after the particle application particles were detected in lungs both as single particles and as particle agglomerates. Particles were both free and internalized by phagocytic cells. 24 hours after the application particles were detected both in bronchial lumen and in the alveolar space. Particles were detected in the mouse lungs up to 72 hours after the application.
CONCLUSIONS: Reaching the respiratory tract of mammalian, inert particles which size equal to SARS-CoV-2 particle size distribute both in bronchi and in alveoli and undergoes internalization of phagocytic cells.
Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 contribution to the neutrophil activation during 100 nm particle-induced immune response in conduction airway mucosa of mice
Authors: Bolkhovitina Elena L. , Vavilova Julia D. , Bogorodskiy Andrey O. , Okhrimenko Ivan S. , Borshchevskiy Valentin I. , Shevchenko Marina A.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Airborne pathogens such as virus particles undergo elimination from the respiratory tract by mucociliary clearance and phagocytosis by immune cells. The data about phagocytic cell type infiltration and stimuli that attract phagocytic cells to conducting airway are required for the anti-virus immune response mechanism understanding and the treatment strategy development.
AIM: To detect the role of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in neutrophil immune response activation in conducting airway mucosa after 100 nm particles application.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6 mice received an oropharyngeal application of fluorescent 100 nm particles suspended in the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 solution. 24 hours after, conducting airways of mice were dissected and subjected for immunohistochemistry as whole-mounts. Three-dimensional images of conducting airway regions were obtained using confocal microscopy. Quantitative image analysis was performed to estimate the ingestion activity of neutrophils in conducting airway mucosa.
RESULTS: Neutrophil migration to conducting airway mucosa was detected in case of the application of particles in receptor-binding domain solution, but not in phosphate buffer or bovine serum albumin solution. Receptor-binding domain solution alone also induced neutrophil migration to conducting airway mucosa. Infiltrating conducting airway wall mucosa neutrophils contributed to particles internalization.
CONCLUSIONS: The receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 can activate the neutrophil-mediated response in conducting airway mucosa.
The hero of Leonid Andreev's story "THOUGHT" from the point of view of the vryach-psychiatrist
Authors: Yanishevsky Alexey E.
Published: December 2021

Psychiatry, or, more precisely, psychopathology, occupies a separate position among other special sciences. Having her task to study deviations from a certain norm in the manifestations of the human spirit, she draws herself material from the analysis of extremely diverse phenomena that make up the subject of study of very many branches of the title.
Doktor Gimbal. Progressive paralysis and trauma to the skull with foreign body. Paralysie générale et traumatisme crânien avec corps étranger. ("Revue de psychiatrie et de psychologie experimentale" No. 9, 1902)
Authors: Portugalov Y. V.
Published: December 2021

Cases of progressive paralysis due to trauma to the skull with the introduction of a foreign body. The author describes the following case related to this category.
On May 23, 1903, the professor of the Imperial Clinical Institute of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna Osip Osipovich Machutkovsky died
Authors: Obraztsov Vladimir N.
Published: December 2021

The name of the late prof. OO Machutkovsky, well known to both neuropathologists and therapists. The deceased was born in 1845, received his education in the 2nd Kiev Gymnasium, and then at the University of St. Vladimir, where he graduated from the course in 1869. In the same year, he entered the service at the Odessa City Hospital, where he held positions up to and including the senior physician, and at the same time performed a number of other positions.
Geschlecht und Kopf grosse von Dr. P. Möbius.—Hallea S.—1903
Authors: Eichenwald Lev I.
Published: December 2021

The author, on the basis of a series of measurements of skulls, comes to the following conclusions. Although the craniometry strives for mathematically accurate calculations, the last one does not always succeed due to irregularities in the structure of the skull. Changing the skull on living people is of incomparably greater significance, since at the same time it is possible to study the intellect and character of the study.
Chronicle and mix. Volume XI, No. 4 (1903)
Authors: Obraztsov V. N.
Published: December 2021

The Faculty of Medicine of the University of St. Vladimir was elected a professor at the Department of Nervous and Mental Diseases, Privat-Associate Professor Mikhail Nikitich Lapinskiy. - Former Professor's Degree of Kazan University, Doctor of Medicine, Aleksey Erastovich Yanishevskiy Assistant Professor of Psychology
The role of infectious agents in the development of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Litvinenko Igor V. , Lobzin Vladimir Y. , Pushkarev Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

Actually, there is no consensus about the causes of the development in most neurodegenerative diseases. Recent international publications describe various hypotheses of the genesis of such diseases. Infectious is considered as one of them, assuming an infectious agent can trigger a cascade of pathological processes that eventually lead to the manifestation of various neurodegenerative diseases. The direct relationship between infectious invasion and the development of neurodegenerative diseases is not fully proved yet, but these publications confirm the hypothesis that a variety of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, intracellular parasites etc.) can induce the process of neuronal inflammation with subsequent neurodegeneration. As a result of the scientific research, various ways of penetration of infectious agents into the central nervous system have been studied and proven. In the case of neuroinfections already studied, inflammatory and alterative changes in nervous tissue occur with the direct participation of neuroglia and cells of the immune system, which may be part of the universal trigger mechanism of the neurodegenerative process. At the same time, in the case of a number of diseases, the primary role of specific infectious agents is possible. It has been shown that neurological complications of a novel coronavirus infection can also occur as a result of both direct cytopathic action of the pathogen or activation of neuroinflammation processes. Of course, this hypothesis of neurodegenerative pathology requires a comprehensive analysis and subsequent confirmation, however, the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration already opens up broad prospects for finding possible pathogenetic therapy of these diseases (bibliography: 42 refs)
The incidence and pathophysiology of neurological symptoms in COVID-19
Authors: Litvinenko Igor V. , Odinak Miroslav M. , Tsygan Nikolay V. , Ryabtsev Aleksander V.
Published: December 2021

The central nervous system seems to be quite vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a variety of alteration pathways, high incidence and variability of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 symptoms, possibly associated with alteration to the central nervous system, include hyperthermia, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, hyposmia and anosmia, hypogeusia and ageusia, impairment of consciousness. The impairment of olfaction and gustation are the most common symptoms of the nervous system alteration (98% and 70%, respectively), which is most likely a consequence of the alteration of the receptors. Presumably the pathogenesis of dysphonia and dysphagia may involve neurodegenerative mechanisms or may be associated with a predominantly demyelinating alteration of the caudal cranial nerves. Pathomorphological findings in the brain of the COVID-19 patients include diffuse hypoxic and focal ischemic injuries of various sizes up to ischemic infarctions (in thrombosis of large arteries); microangiopathy; vasculitis; diapedetic and confluent hemorrhages with possible progression to hemorrhagic infarctions and rarely intracerebral hematomas. Acute cerebrovascular accident worsens the course of COVID-19 and can worsen the clinical outcome, taking into account the mechanisms of the central nervous system alteration in highly contagious coronavirus infections (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), including embolism, hypoxia, neurodegeneration, systemic inflammatory response and immune-mediated alteartion to the nervous tissue. A fairly rare complication of coronavirus infection, however, acute myelitis requires attention due to the severity of neurological disorders. The literature data show high incidence and polymorphism of the symptoms of the central nervous system alteration, as well as the important role of the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of brain alteration in COVID-19, which is taken into account in examining and treating the patients with new coronavirus infection. (1 figure, bibliography: 61 refs)
COVID-19-associated stroke: experience of Regional clinical hospital Krasnoyarsk city
Authors: Prokopenko Semen V. , Isayeva Natalya V. , Bezdeneznykh Anna F. , Alekseevich Galina Yu. , Lukianova Elena V. , Medvedeva Maria K. , Veber Ivan S. , Severina Marina I. , Kazadayeva Inna A.
Published: December 2021

Mechanisms of the impact of the new coronavirus infection on nervous system that leads to various neurological complications, including strokes, and disease patterns and prognosis for stroke patients with COVID-19 are actively discussed in the literature. The aim of the research was a comparison of clinical outcomes in stroke patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and without. Random sampling of patients with stroke and laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (50 patients) was analyzed retrospectively. The control group consisted of 49 patients with stroke who did not have COVID-19. Patients in both groups were comparable by age, sex, rate of variation and type of stroke, localization of stroke and rating on the Rankin scale before the disease. The results showed that diabetes mellitus significantly more often (more than twice) occurred in stroke patients with COVID-19 (16%) in comparison with the control (7%). Atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries prevailed in acute stroke patients without COVID-19 (88%). The mortality rate in acute stroke patients with COVID-19 was higher (22%) than among those without this infection (6%). At the same time, patients without a combination with COVID-19 had more severe disability on the Rankin scale three points (moderate disability) while patients with COVID-19 were discharged with two points on the Rankin scale (slight disability). Probably, this is since SARS-CoV-2 infection more often led to the lethal oucome in patients with more severe stroke and the survived patients were less disabled. Probably in increased samples these differences will be reversed. Thus, this research confirmed data that the association of stroke and COVID-19 significantly worsens clinical outcomes of stroke (2 tables, bibliography: 10 refs)
KUR'AN'IN ALLAH KELAMI OLDUĞUNU GÖSTEREN LAFIZ TAHLİLLİ BİLİMSEL MÛCİZELERİ
Authors: BULUT Hasan
Published: December 2021

Kur’ân, eşsiz üslubu ve muhtevasıyla mûcizevî özelliklere sahiptir. Bu özelliklerin yanı sıra birtakım bilimsel gerçeklerin 14 asır evvel Kur’ân’da haber verilmesi ve son dönem teknolojisiyle bunların doğrulanması da, onun Cenâb-ı Hak’ın kelamı olduğunun kesin bir kanıtıdır.
Şüphesiz ki Kur’ân, bir bilim kitabı değildir. Lakin onun son derece veciz ve hikmetli bir anlatımla işaret ettiği hakikatlerin bilimsel bulgularla keşfedilmesi, onu diğer kitaplardan farklı kılmıştır. Kur‘ân‘ın indirildiği dönemde Araplar, bilim ve teknolojiden anlamadıkları halde onlar hakkında pekçok uydurma haber ve efsaneye inanırdı. Bu durum karşısında Kur’ân, Arapların batıl inanç ve iddialarını reddederek o dönemin insanlarınca hiç bilinmeyen haberler vermiştir. İnsanların astronomi, fizik ya da biyoloji konusunda çok az şey bildikleri bir zamanda nazil olan Kur‘ân, kâinatın yaratılışından insanın oluşumuna, atmosferin yapısından, yeryüzündeki dengelere kadar pek çok hususta bilime esin kaynağı olmuştur. İşte bu çalışmada, bilimsel gerçeklere kaynaklık eden Kur’ân âyetleri, lafızları; evren, dünya ve insan ekseninde bilim verileriyle mukayese edilerek ele alınacaktır.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A KNOWLEDGE-BASED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR DESIGNING SELECTED ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONIC DEVICES
Authors:   VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Department of Robotics, Ostrava, Czech Republic, MIHOLA MILAN , ZEMAN ZDENEK ,   VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Department of Robotics, Ostrava, Czech Republic, FOJTIK DAVID ,   VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Department of Control Systems and Instrumentation, Ostrava, Czech Republic
Published: December 2021

The design of mechatronic devices is a demanding process not only in terms of the time required but also of the demands placed on the knowledge and experience of development workers. The aim of this research and development was to create suitable procedures, algorithms, and databases of 3D models, with the help of which could this process be significantly shortened and simplified. The results of the development are a software tool for the design of electric drive units, procedures for creating 3D models with the possibility of using the SolidWorks software API, methods for automating the creation of assemblies of 3D models and a description of the knowledge database in which various data and algorithms are stored. The benefits of the proposed procedures, the Drive Picker software tool, and the knowledge database, are demonstrated on the design of a robotic arm with 5 degrees of freedom. Despite the complexity of the preparation of documents needed, it turns out that the chosen approach can significantly speed up and simplify the design of mechatronic devices.
DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE SANDWICH PANEL WITH ALUMINIUM HONEYCOMB CORE
Authors:   University of West Bohemia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Plzen, Czech Republic, SKOVAJSA MICHAL , SEDLACEK FRANTISEK ,   University of West Bohemia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Plzen, Czech Republic, MRAZEK MARTIN ,   University of West Bohemia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Plzen, Czech Republic
Published: December 2021

This paper deal with comparison of mechanical properties of composite sandwich panel with aluminium honeycomb core which is determined by experimental measurement, analytic calculation and numerical simulation. The goal was to compared four composite sandwich panels. The composite sandwich panels were made of two different aluminium honeycomb cores with density 32 and 72 kg.m-3 and two different layup of skin with 4 and 5 layers. The comparison was performed on a three-point bend test with support span 400 mm. This paper confirms the possibility of a very precise design of a composite sandwich panel with an aluminium honeycomb core using analytical calculation and numerical simulation.
Indications and outcomes of TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation) in Iceland
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Lárusdóttir Katrín Júníana , Guðmundsson Hjalti ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Johnsen Árni ,   Cardiothoracic surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland, Sigurðsson Martin Ingi ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland, Guðbjartsson Tómas ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Cardiothoracic surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland, Guðmundsdóttir Ingibjörg Jóna ,   Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Cardiothoracic surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION: Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) has been the standard of treatment for aortic stenosis but transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly used as treatment in Iceland and elsewhere. Our objective was to assess the outcome of TAVI in Iceland, focusing on indications, complications and survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included all TAVI-procedures performed in Iceland between January 2012 and July 2020. Patient characteristics, outcome and complications were registered, and overall survival compared to an age and sex matched Icelandic reference-population. The mean follow-up was 2.4 years. RESULTS: Altogether 189 TAVI procedures (mean age 83±6 years, 41.8% females), were performed, all with a self-expandable valve. Most patients (81.5%) had symptoms of severe heart failure (NYHA-class III-IV) and median EuroSCORE-II was 4.9 (range: 0.9-32). Echocardiography pre-TAVI showed a mean aortic-valve area of 0.67 cm2 and max aortic-valve gradient of 78 mmHg. One out of four patients (26.5%) needed permanent pacemaker implantation following TAVI. Other complications were mostly vascular-related (13.8%) but cardiac tamponade stroke was detected in 3.2 and 2.6% of cases, respectively and severe paravalvular aortic valve regurgitation in 0.5% cases. Thirty-day mortality was 1.6% (n=3) with one-year survival of 93.5% (95% CI: 89.8-97.3), but long-term survival of TAVI-patients was similar to the matched reference population (p=0.23). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of TAVI-procedures in Iceland is good, especially regarding 30-day mortality and long-term survival that was comparable to a reference population, but incidence of major complications was also low.
FATORES DETERMINANTES E CONDIÇÕES OFERECIDAS PARA CICLISTAS EM PASSOS, MG
Authors: Rosa Jean Lucas , Pereira Lilian Rodrigues , Pimenta Marcos De Sousa , Nunes Juliano Fiorelini , Carvalho Rita De Cássia Ribeiro , Meireles Eduardo
Published: December 2021

A acessibilidade é um dos fatores que beneficiam a capacidade de promover as atividades urbanas e a busca por uma mobilidade sustentável propõe aspectos de deslocamentos menos agressivos ao ambiente, benéficos para a economia e para a mobilidade urbana. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar quais os principais fatores que determinam o uso da bicicleta e realizar um diagnóstico das condições de infraestrutura para ciclistas oferecidas pelo município de Passos, Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de formulário eletrônico e análise fotográfica. Os resultados sugerem que a renda individual influencia na utilização da bicicleta como principal meio de transporte, sobretudo em homens. O município carece de uma infraestrutura que incentive a utilização do transporte ativo por bicicletas.
INSTRUMENTOS URBANÍSTICOS NO BRASIL - UM PANORAMA HISTÓRICO
Authors: Maramaldo Andrade Silva Matheus
Published: December 2021

No Brasil não é correto afirmar que as cidades nasceram ou cresceram sem regras. Poucas, variadas ou abrangentes, todas as cidades foram moldadas respeitando ou se camuflando de leis de organização espacial. Contudo, na nossa literatura sobre as cidades, é comum observarmos vácuos legais quando se fala sobre elas, principalmente antes da década de 1930. Dá-se normalmente preferência pelas intervenções exploratórias (quem fez o que, como e para quê, de dentro ou de fora, na busca por vantagens, na contraposição aos elos mais frágeis). Em outra ordem, também não é tão comum traçarem panoramas históricos mais longos, se detendo a linhas do tempo ligadas mais a necessidade da criação do instrumento analisado do que propriamente a teia de eventos anteriores e seus instrumentos predecessores. Logo, neste texto gostaríamos de reforçar esse campo ao focar nas sucessões de eventos e instrumentos criados para ordenar a cidade. O Estatuto da Cidade, hoje leitura técnica basal para quem trabalha com o urbano, não esteve sempre aqui, como seus instrumentos nem sempre estiveram disponíveis ou juridicamente pacificados. Nosso objetivo, assim, é traçar este panorama.
Edição Especial Rede PLUR Centro Norte
Authors: Pietrafesa Pedro Araújo
Published: December 2021

Apresento a Edição Especial da BARU Rede PLUR Centro Norte. Nesta edição concretizamos a primeira atividade conjunta da rede de programas de pós-graduação da área de planejamento urbano e regional e demografia da região centro norte do Brasil. A Ede PLUR Centro Norte é formada pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional e o Mestrado Profissional em Gestão de Políticas Públicas da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, o Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Territorial da PUC Goiás, o Mestrado em Demandas Populares e Dinâmicas Regionais da Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Regional e Urbano na Amazônia da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente Urbano da Universidade da Amazônia e o Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Regional da Universidade Federal do Amapá.
ANÁLISE DA DEMANDA POR ESTUDOS DE IMPACTO DE VIZINHANÇA EM GOIÂNIA, GO.
Authors: Miranda Erica Piaui Alves de , Almeida Rafaella Ferreira Rodrigues , Barros Rosana Gonçalves , Pasqualetto Antônio , Barbara Viniciu Fagundes
Published: December 2021

O crescimento urbano requer ordenar o espaço territorial, de forma a evitar conflitos. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a demanda por Estudos de Impacto de Vizinhança – EIV em Goiânia, GO. A metodologia consistiu na análise dos EIVs cadastrados na Secretaria Municipal de Planejamento Urbano e Habitação (SEPLANH) entre os anos de 2015 a 2018, os quais foram classificados e quantificados por atividade e confrontados com a Lei nº 8.646/2008 e Lei nº 10.257/2001, que dispõe sobre o tema. Os resultados demonstraram 619 registros de EIVs no período em Goiânia-GO, com predominância para torres de telefonia. Acrescidos aos 845 EIV’s no período de 2008 a 2014, totalizam-se neste período de 10 anos, 1464 EIV’s.
AMANSADOS PELA FÉ: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS FACES DAS CONVERSÕES DOS PALIKUR
Authors: Pinheiro Cantuário Victor André , Mathias de Alencar Cesar Augusto , Lima e Silva Rauliette Diana
Published: December 2021

O artigo reflete sobre o processo de conversão dos Palikur, povo nativo do Estado do Amapá, ao catolicismo romano e, posteriormente, ao pentecostalismo a eles introduzido pelos missionários do Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). Resgatando considerações de Arnaud (1984), Capiberibe (2001) e Passes (1998) a respeito e empreendendo esforço de compreensão dos condicionantes que provavelmente contribuíram para a efetivação desse evento, além dos já mencionados pelos autores de base, o artigo propõe, na condição de outro explicador, a possibilidade de escolha como iniciativa dos próprios Palikur, percebendo-se que se mantém um sistema de costumes e crenças integrando a cosmologia palikur, por um lado, e a fé cristã manifesta no catolicismo romano e no pentecostalismo missionário, por outro, evento este que finda por se inscrever na esfera dos processos de hibridização cultural. Nota-se, por fim, que, a despeito disso, as sucessivas intervenções de natureza religiosa impactaram de maneira profunda a cosmologia ancestral palikur em favor de um ideal de evangelização resultado de interpretações unilaterais das narrativas bíblicas.
A PROMOÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS EM MEIO A UMA SOCIEDADE DESUMANIZADA: A PROTEÇÃO DO VULNERÁVEL NA BÍBLIA HEBRAICA
Authors: Rossi Luiz Alexandre Solano , Lima Adriano
Published: December 2021

A história humana pode ser narrada através dos processos de desumanização que atingem principalmente os vulneráveis. O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar tais processos na Bíblia Hebraica a partir das principais palavras que dizem respeito às vítimas e as ações violentas que elas sofrem. Conclui-se que a violência surge por mãos humanas e não devem ser divinizadas ou naturalizadas. Os direitos humanos são apresentados como horizonte que deve iluminar a interpretação do texto bíblico. Utiliza-se também o conceito de “mal líquido” a fim de mostrar que a presença dos processos de desumanização, ao romper freneticamente as barreiras de tempo e de espaço, precisam ser interrompidos através de práticas públicas de fraternidade e de solidariedade.
POR UMA FENOMENOLOGIA DA RELIGIÃO: ENTREVISTA À ÂNGELA ALES BELLO
Authors: Martins Filho José Reinaldo Felipe , Ales Bello Angela
Published: December 2021

Entrevista conduzida junto à professora Angela Ales Bello, sobre fenomenologia da religião.
100 ANOS DE PAULO FREIRE: RELAÇÕES EMANCIPATÓRIAS ENTRE EDUCAÇÃO E RELIGIÃO
Authors: Richter Reimer Ivoni , Ulrich Claudete Beise , Zeferino Jefferson , Carneiro Everton Nery , Miranda Eduardo Soncini
Published: December 2021

Apresentação temática do Número Especial em homenagem aos 100 anos do nascimento de Paulo Freire.
LIBERDADE TRANSCENDENTE: INTERFACES ENTRE A EDUCAÇÃO E A RELIGIÃO NA COSMOVISÃO DE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: Cotta Denis
Published: December 2021

Este artigo visa pontuar aspectos de interface entre a educação e a religião no pensamento do educador brasileiro Paulo Freire. Segundo o pedagogo, a educação libertadora tem a capacidade de aprimorar a constituição psíquica do indivíduo, promovendo assim a sua conscientização para o bem comum. Freire também ressalta a importância do cultivo de uma religiosidade pautada pelo pensamento crítico, contexto este que favorece a prática da Imitatio Dei. Como recurso metodológico, utilizaremos uma análise teórico-bibliográfica das obras: Pedagogia do oprimido, Pedagogia da autonomia e Educação como prática de liberdade, todas de Paulo Freire. Por fim, pretende-se evidenciar que a educação emancipadora é capaz de instaurar na pessoa a busca pela liberdade transcendente
IGREJA DE MIGRANTES E PAULO FREIRE: LER A HISTÓRIA A PARTIR DAS PESSOAS QUE SOFREM AS DORES DO MUNDO
Authors: Witter Teobaldo
Published: December 2021

O texto é resultado de pesquisa e reflexões sobre trabalho da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) na constituição de grupos e comunidades na Transamazônica, entre Altamira e Itaituba, no estado do Pará, de 1974 a 1985. No encontro de migrantes naquele território, ao longo da rodovia aberta na floresta, surgiram grupos comunitários. Estes articularam seu jeito próprio de se organizar, estudar, apreender, dialogar, denunciar, celebrar. Teologia evangélica luterana, leitura popular da bíblia, pedagogia dialógica e libertadora de Paulo Freire foram fundamentais no processo popular de formação de lideranças de setores e das próprias comunidades. O presente artigo narra reflexivamente sobre dificuldades de encontrar gente formada e disposta para encarar os desafios de igreja migrante em áreas distantes de centros de formação e de comunidades constituídas. Diante do problema da falta de mão de obra na pastoral, as pequenas e pobres comunidades encontraram na formação de seus membros um caminho para realizar ações pertinentes à vida das comunidades e a prática da solidariedade. O método Paulo Freire, baseado na realidade do povo, usando a vida e seu contexto concreto, foi a melhor maneira de ensino e aprendizado, sendo uma pedagogia de oprimidos e excluídos, como no caso dos migrantes empobrecidos na Transamazônica, no Estado do Pará. A narrativa sobre comunidades nas Novas Áreas resulta do fato de a Comunidade Luterana ter ido além do senso comum, da comunidade pronta e acabada. E se ocupou em estudar e pensar bíblia, teologia, pedagogia, fé, amor em trabalhos no plantio de roças com cuidado e atenção pela preservação ambiental, solidariedade e diaconia.
UMA PEDAGOGIA DA ESPERANÇA E DA CO-HUMANIDADE: PAULO FREIRE E KARL BARTH EM DIÁLOGO
Authors: Zeferino Jefferson , Carneiro Everton Nery
Published: December 2021

Os avanços de fundamentalismos e das comoditizações do ensino desvelam uma lógica hegemônica de negação das alteridades e da diversidade humana. Diante desse quadro, uma abordagem esperançosa de valorização das pessoas pode auxiliar a pensar a condição humana e a questão religiosa na situação contemporânea. Uma pedagogia da gratuidade, inspirada na ética da graça de Karl Barth e na pedagogia libertadora de Paulo Freire, bem como em diálogo com outros interlocutores do campo da filosofia e da teologia, haure das noções de co-humanidade e ser mais para pensar as relações humanas e sociais. A questão do destino, como educação e construção de si mesmo, e a perspectiva da transgressão, como atitude criativa diante da vida, caracterizam uma antropologia filosófico-teológica da educação que questiona totalitarismos vários em suas pretensões de universalidade, indicando, a partir de baixo, a valorização do outro como humanização de si mesmo.