bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem cuttings and substrates in Dovyalis asexual propagation
Authors: Rinaldi André Renato , Villa Fabíola , Silva Daniel Fernandes da , Yassue Rafael Massahiro
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the asexual propagation of Dovyalis, through the use of substrates and cuttings. Three experiments were conducted in Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil, and the first experiment consisted of three removal positions of the cuttings (apical, middle and basal) x 4 Indole butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1 and 3000 mg L-1); the second experiment evaluated the number of leaves in the cuttings (2, 4 and 6) x 3 cutting sizes (10, 15 and 20 cm); and the third experiment evaluated four substrates for rooting. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, with the first in a 3x4 and the second in a 3x3 factorial, respectively, containing 4 repetitions of 15 cuttings. The third experiment consisted of 5 repetitions of 15 cuttings. After the IBA treatment, the cuttings were taken to rooting in sandy beds during 70 days. The agronomical variables were evaluated. Basal and middle cuttings resulted in root systems with better development. The use of 1666 mg L-1 of IBA favors the Dovyalis cuttings rooting. Cuttings with 15 and 20 cm with four leaves favors the Dovyalis vegetative propagation. Dovyalis cuttings develop better on substrates containing latosol and vermiculite.
Productive potential of upland rice under conventional and organic farming systems
Authors: Gmach Janice Regina , Coelho Cileide Maria Medeiros , Parizotto Círio , Heberle Isaac , Prezzi Heitor Amadeu , Mafioleti André Tesser , Souza Clovis Arruda , Miquelluti David José
Published: November 2018

This paper aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of upland rice varieties, determine the components that contributes most to productivity and evaluate the yield of varieties grown in conventional and organic farming systems. The experiment was carried out during the 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop years, with 11 local upland rice varieties (Agulha, Rosa 15, Mato Grosso, Gomes, Preto, Argentino, Kinsel, Camilo, Piriquito, Casca Roxa and Caipira) and two commercial varieties (Primavera and Cambará). Genetic diversity was observed among the varieties for all evaluated variables and the thousand grain weight was the character that contributed most to the divergence between varieties. The number of panicles m-2 was the yield component that presented the highest association with grain yield of varieties in organic farming systems. The average yield of the varieties was 2.303, 1.711 and 3.534 kg ha-1 for the seasons 1, 2 and 3 respectively, and the highest yields were obtained with earlier sowing and temperature during grains maturation about 20°C. The ‘Piriquito’, ‘Argentino’, ‘Gomes’ and ‘Kinsel’ varieties presented yield above 2.000 kg ha-1 for all seasons, in both systems, indicating better adaptation to the region of the study and can be indicated as the most promising for the crop under organic cultivation.
Rooting of semihardwood cuttings of olive: indolbutyric acid, calcium and Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Rosa Danimar Dalla , Villa Fabíola , Silva Daniel Fernandes da , Corbari Fábio
Published: November 2018

Nowadays the semihardwood cuttings of olive is the most used method to produce seedlings of this specie; however, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of this method to enable the intensive exploitation of this fruit crop and reduce the seedling production costs. Thus, two experiments were conducted concurrently in sand bed, under a canvased shelter of the State University of Western Paraná (Brazil) to evaluate the number and average length of roots per cuttings, the percentage of rooted cuttings, cuttings with callus and dead cuttings. In the first experiment cuttings of olive cultivars Arbequina, Maria da Fé and clone 2 were treated with IBA (3.0 g L-1) associated with calcium concentration at 0.0; 0.25; 0.50 and 1.0 mmol L-1, implanted in a completely randomized design in a split plot design, with four replications containing ten cutting each, under intermittent mist. For this experiment the Arbequina cultivar presented the highest average number of roots per cutting and the highest percentage of rooted cuttings, but Maria da Fé cultivar promoted the highest average of cuttings with callus. In the second experiment Clone 2 cuttings were submitted to calcium (0.5 mmol L-1) and IBA (3.0 g L-1), and substrate inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense bacterium, implanted in a completely randomized design containing three replications of ten cuttings each. In this experiment, the highest percentage of rooted cuttings was obtained for IBA (3.0 g L-1) + A. brasilense.
Morphophysiological biometry and grain production in cowpea under different phosphorus levels
Authors: Bezerra Antonio Aécio de Carvalho , Costa Filho Raimundo Soares da , Oliveira Simone Raquel Mendes de , Freire Filho Francisco Rodrigues
Published: November 2018

In tropical and semi-arid regions of Brazil, phosphorus is one of the most limiting elements of cowpea productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of applying five phosphorus doses in the soil on morpho-physiological and production components in three improved cultivars of cowpea. The experiment was carried out at the São Fernando farm located in José de Freitas, PI, Brazil, in a Plinthosol with a low phosphorus content. The experimental design was complete randomized block design with four replications in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of five phosphorus doses (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg P2O5 ha−1) and three improved cowpea cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Cauamé). No interaction was observed between cultivars and phosphorus doses for any of the assessed variables. The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque showed the highest value for one-hundred-grain weight (21.0 g) and, together with BRS Guariba, the highest value of pod length. An increment was observed in growth (stem diameter, main branch length, leaf area, and shoot dry matter) and production characteristics (number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, one-hundred-grain weight, and grain production per plant) in response to increases in phosphorus doses. The dose of 183.1 kg P2O5 ha−1 provided the maximum technical grain yield, estimated at 2,023.3 kg ha−1.
Flow rate variation and biological agents that obstruct drippers of swine effluent
Authors: Batista Rafael Oliveira , Oliveira Rubens Alves de , Cunha Maria Elidayane da , Cunha Rutilene Rodrigues da , Portela Jeane Cruz , Gurgel Marcelo Tavares
Published: November 2018

Emitter clogging is the major problem of drip irrigation systems operating with wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the alteration of the flow rate variation coefficient (FVC) and to identify the biological agents that cause obstruction in drip units operating with swine effluent and public water supply. The experiment was set up in a split-plot scheme, with the times of application of swine effluent and public water supply in the main plots and dripper types in the secondary parcels, evaluating times of FVC in the tertiary parcels, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions. The FVC of the drip subunits was calculated on every 40 hours as well as the microscopic analysis of the biological agents of clogging, until 160 h. At the end of the tests, biofilm samples were collected in each drip unit to identify the groups of predominant bacteria. The results indicated that the FVC was effective in detecting the clogging of the emitters, evidencing that the construction characteristics and the times of application of swine effluent and of the public water supply interfere in this process. Microscopic analyzes of the biofilm indicated that the main biological agents that caused obstruction were algae, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
Selectivity of herbicides in initial growth of pre-budded seedlings of sugarcane
Authors: Silva Junior Antonio Carlos , Dias José Luiz Carvalho de Souza , Martins Dagoberto
Published: November 2018

With the advent of new implantation technologies of sugarcane crop, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides in pre-budded cultivars of sugarcane seedlings. With the formation of seedlings from a gem of high sanity in tubes with substrates, seedlings, with an average height of 20 cm, were transplanted to 12 L pots filled with soil. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial arranged in a (3x8), being the cultivars, CTC 7, CTC 14 and RB966928; and the herbicides (g ha-1): ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1280 + 32.4); imazapic (150); halosulfuron (150); isoxaflutole (90); ametryn (5000); ametryn + clomazone (1500 + 1000) and amicarbazone (1500), applied 10 days after transplanting; and a control without application. The three cultivars of sugarcane visually studied responded differently to the application of herbicide treatments tested, being the herbicides ametryn + trifloxysulfuron, imazapic, halosulfuron and ametryn which caused less phytotoxicity. However, when confronting the other parameters analyzed, it was observed that ametryn + trifloxysulfuron, isoxaflutole, ametryn, ametryn + clomazone and amicarbazone for CTC7 cultivar, ametryn + clomazone and amicarbazone for CTC14 and amicarbazone for RB966928, caused loss to the initial development of the crop.
Chlorophyll content and degrees day accumulation in passion fruit species in the Southwest of Goias, Brazil
Authors: Dias do Valle Karminne , Souza Chaves Vanessa Brenda , Pereira Laísse Danielle , Fialho dos Reis Edésio , Hurtado Salazar Alejandro , Pereira da Silva Danielle Fabíola
Published: November 2018

Brazil is considered the world’s largest passion fruit producer, which benefits the entire crop chain of production and generates demand for production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, thermal requirements and leaf morphological aspects of passion fruit species. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Goias (UFG)- Jataí, evaluating the following characteristics: leaf area, chlorophyll content (TCC) and thermal accumulation, being expressed in days after planting. To determine the total chlorophyll content, assessments were made in the middle third of the leaf blade, evaluating the accumulation of thermal units until flowering, from the average temperatures of the region. The daily temperature data were obtained from the meteorological station of the UFG - Jataí (17º53’08” S and 51º40’12” O). The cultivar FB 200 and Maracujazeiro-azedo presented higher leaf area, having the last one higher chlorophyll content in leaves and FB 200 presented lower demand in thermal units accumulation, proving its precocity.
Erloschene Liebe? Das Auto in der Verkehrswende
Authors: Canzler Weert , Knie Andreas , Ruhrort Lisa , Scherf Christian
Published: November 2018

Das private Auto war für lange Zeit das Sehnsuchtsobjekt und Symbol eines glücklichen Lebens. Es war eine kollektive Liebe der Mittelschicht und derjenigen, die dort hinstrebten. Doch diese affektive Bindung verliert vor allem in der Stadt zunehmend an Kraft. Wenigstens dort ist bereits klar geworden: Die Grenzen des fossilen Automobilismus sind erreicht. Es gibt einfach zu viele Autos. Die Verkehrswende ist nun auf der Agenda. Zukunftsfähig sind nur solche Verkehrsangebote, die auch unter Ressourcenknappheit individualisierbar bleiben. Autos nutzen statt besitzen wird - in Verbindung mit digitalen Plattformen - attraktiv, das Radfahren gewinnt gerade in den Städten an Popularität. Mobilitätsdienstleistungen kommen aus der Nische und können dank Echtzeitinformationen flexibel und zugleich routinemäßig genutzt werden. Der herrschende Rechtsrahmen jedoch privilegiert nach wie vor private Autos. Dagegen deuten die Präferenzen der vorwiegend städtischen Bevölkerung und auch die digitalen Optionen in eine andere Richtung: Die fortschreitende Individualisierung findet andere Wege als den privaten Besitz von Autos.
Editorial
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

Editorial
Common ground and conviviality: Indonesians doing togetherness in Japan
Authors: Goebel Zane
Published: November 2018

While Humanities and Social Science scholars have a long history of trying to understand how people from different backgrounds get along (i.e. to be convivial), typically this work misses much of the work carried out in sociolinguistics and related areas. In building upon work on common ground, small talk, and conviviality, this paper examines how a group of Indonesian students living in Japan go about practicing conviviality. I show how repetition and tiny response tokens are used to build common ground. I argue that this practice is key to building convivial relations amongst this group and that this type of interactional work helps open the possibility of future interactions, some of which are tied with the need to build and maintain support networks in Japan.
Towards a Policy for Bilingual education in Developing Countries
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

Language can make a difference to peoples’ lives in many ways. On one dimension, language empowers by serving as a resource for individuals to constitute and trans-form social and personal identities and by providing access to important socio-economic and political markets. Language can empower because it does not merely reflect a pre-existing reality; it is itself — under certain conditions — an instrument in the constitution of these realities, by providing a new version of meaning that offers speakers a fresh interpretation or alternative perspective on reality. The multilingual proficiency that social elites have in important global languages such as English, French, German, and today, Chinese, is a case in point. These elites have long recognized that mastery of many languages is an economic asset to be cultivated and passed on to successive generations.
The Conceptual Evolution in Linguistics: implications for the study of Kaaps
Authors: Dyers Charlyn
Published: November 2018

As an academic discipline, Linguistics - the scientific study of language - is associatedwith a range of concepts. Students of Linguistics are traditionally introduced to theseconcepts in their first year of study, and everything that follows builds on knowledgeof these concepts. But language, as Blommaert (2011) notes, is the most visible signof social change. Currently, much critical thinking is said to be philosophical outflowsof a late or post-modern era, characterized by an intensification of three characteristicsthat have been part of human history for some time: globalization, migration andthe dominant position of English, accompanied by the growth of new hybridlanguages in urban spaces. In terms of the ongoing vitality of other languages and theinfluence of a number of dominant language ideologies (Weber and Horner 2012),these three characteristics have sparked discourses of endangerment, revitalization,commodification and carnivalisation (Duchêne en Heller, 2007; Heller, 2010). At thesame time, there has been a steady evolution in our understanding of many linguisticconcepts, particularly those emanating from particular language ideologies andhierarchical political powers. This paper addresses this issue and its implications forthe study and treatment of the colloquial variety of Afrikaans known as Kaaps. Thecontents of the paper have been slightly modified from the original Afrikaans versionwhich appeared in Kaaps in Fokus.
Table of Contents
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

Table of Contents
The Kinetics of Calcium Oxide Catalyzed Esterification of Glycerol with Free Fatty Acids Using Pseudo-homogeneous Model Approach
Authors: Megawati Megawati , Hartanto Dhoni , Widyastuti Catur Rini , Saras Wati Diyah , Nurhayati Eny
Published: November 2018

Abstract This research aims to study the reaction kinetics of esterification reaction of glycerol with free fatty acid (FFA) using calcium oxide catalyst to produce mono-diacylglycerol (MDAG) using pseudo-homogeneous approach. The effects of time and temperature on the reaction conversion were investigated simultaneously. The FFA used was from the waste of cocoa production process, while the solid catalyst used was calcium oxide from eggshell ash. The results show that the cocoa based FFA was composed of palmitic acid (49.24%), methyl stearate (1.05%), oleic acid (25.39%), and stearic acid (24.32%). The calcium oxide content in the eggshell ash was 60% w/w. At all temperatures studied (60, 70, and 80oC), as the reaction time increased, the conversion increased sharply in the first 5 minute followed by a gradual raise to an almost constant value after 20 minutes (0.844; 0.845; and 0.854, respectively). Pseudo-homogeneous second order model can describe the reaction kinetics satisfactorily. The reaction constants (k) at 60, 70, and 80oC were 0.00384, 0.003401, and 0.003518 (L/mole.minute), respectively. The effects of temperature on reaction rate obey the Arrhenius’ equation with collision factor (A) is 0.2659 (L/mole.minute) and activation energy (Ea) is 3544 J/mol. Keywords: calcium oxide; free fatty acid; glycerol; pseudo-homogeneous approach
Recovery Logam Cu (II) dan Cr(VI) dari Limbah Cair Elektroplating Menggunakan Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM)
Authors: Djunaidi Muhammad Cholid
Published: November 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang recovery logam Cu(II) dan Cr(VI) dari limbah cair elektroplating menggunakan Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM). [NA1] PIM memiliki kestabilan yang tinggi untuk mengatasi kelemahan ketidakstabilan membran cair. Membran PIM diletakkan diantara dua fasa yaitu fasa umpan sebagai sumber logam Cu (II) dari limbah elektroplating dengan pH 3 dan fasa penerima adalah larutan HNO3 denganpH 1 dan pH 4,4 di fasa umpan serta pH 6,3 di fasa penerima dengan NaCl 2 N untuk logam  Cr(VI). Efisiensi recovery diketahui dengan menentukan kadar Cu (II) dan Cr(VI) dalam fasa umpan dan penerima menggunakan AAS, sedangkan karakterisasi membran menggunakan FTIR, SEM dan spektroskopi UV. Membran PIM yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat: tipis, bening, jernih dan lentur. Dari hasil AAS diperoleh persentase transpor PIM yang dilakukan dengan pengadukan selama 24 jam menunjukkan bahwa persentase transpor logam Cu (II) yang paling tinggi dari fasa umpan sebesar 83,41% dan transpor pada fasa penerima sebesar 72,56%. Sementara prsentase transpor Cr(VI) optimal yaitu 97,8% dari fasa umpan serta 76,5 % di fasa penerima. Hasil karakterisasi membran menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR dan UV menunjukkan bahwa membran PIM cukup stabil. Sedangkan hasil SEM menunjukkan tidak terdapat pori dalam membran sehingga transpor yang terjadi secara difusi melalui perantara senyawa pembawa  Research on Cu (II) and Cr(VI) metal recovery from electroplating wastewater using a Polymer Membrane Inclusion (PIM was conduct. PIM has a high stability to overcome the distability of liquid membrane. PIM membrane was placed between two phases, namely phase feed as a source of Cu(II) from electroplating wastewater with pH 3 and receiver phase was HNO3 solution with a pH of 1 while a system with pH 4,4 in feed phase and 6.3 in receiver phase (2N NaCl) was used for recoveried Cr(VI) from electroplating. The efficiency of recovery was known by determine the concentration  of Cu (II) and Cr(VI) in feed phase and receiver using AAS, whereas the membrane was characterized using FTIR, SEM and UV spectroscopy. The resulting PIM membrane had properties: a thin, transparent, clear and supple. From the results was obtained that the percentage of transport of Cu (II) at the highest performance from the feed phase was 83.41% and transport at the receiving phase was 72.56%. While the highest transport of Cr(VI) from feed phase by 97,8 %  and in receiving phase was 76,5 %. Results membrane characterization using FTIR and UV spectroscopy showed that the PIM membrane was quite stable. While the results of SEM showed that no pores in the membrane so that the diffusion transport occurs through intermediary carrier compound.
Kinetic Study of limonene and glucose adsorption on immobilization and coimmobilization beads
Authors: Damayanti Astrilia - , Sarto Sarto - , Sediawan Wahyudi Budi
Published: November 2018

Rotten oranges contain glucose and limonene, in which limonene is an inhibitor of microorganisms. Immobilization of mixed culture used the entrapment method is the easiest method of protecting the mixed culture from inhibitors. Entrapment method with extrusion drip is an efficient and effective technique to produce beads. This study aims to determine the adsorption rate of adsorbate (glucose and limonene) on the adsorbent surface (beads). Materials used in this study were glucose, DL-limonene, mixed culture, and beads. Three types of beads consisted of alginate - no mixed culture (A), alginate and activated carbon - no mixed culture (CA), alginate and activated carbon - free mixed culture (CB). Adsorption column consist of 30 ml nutrient, 15 mL substrate, and 5 mL beads. If the beads do not contain mixed culture, nutrients and substrate were replaced by aquadest. The reactor was done in a batch system at 37oC. The lowest order of beads ability to adsorb glucose were AG followed by CAG and finally CBG, whereas to limonene solution were AL followed by CBL and finally CAL. Lagergren model was used to determined kinetic bioadsorption on limonene and glucose. The adsorption rate value in the pseudo-second order (k2,ad) for the glucose solution was ranged between 0.025 to 0.087 min-1, while the D-limonene was in the range between 2.084 to 5.233 min-1. Adsorption of glucose and limonene on the surface of the three types of adsorbents was reached steady state at the 60th minute.Keywords: orange, limonene, immobilization, adsorption, Lagergren model.
Synthesis of Matrix Si-K-HAs Gel from Geothermal Sludge and Peat
Authors: Muljani Srie , Wahyudi Bambang Wahyudi , Suprihatin S , Sumada Ketut
Published: November 2018

The synthesis of matrix silica-potassium-humic acid gel (Si-K-HAs) has been performed successfully by gradual extraction and acidification method. The extraction was carried out in two stages: 1) extraction of humic substances from peat prepared by potassium hydroxide to produce potassium humate (K-HAS) solution, 2) extraction silica from geothermal sludge using K-HAs solution to produce Si-K-HAs solution. Acidification of Si-K-HAs solution prepared by citric acid (1-3N) to produce matrix gel of Si-K-HAs. The Si-K-HAs matrix gel products are characterized by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-ray fluroscence (XRF), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The acidification process was carried out in neutral to acid (pH 3-7) conditions and the results showed that at neutral pH no Si-K-HAs gel formed. IR spectra confirmed the presence of humic acid in the gel product, whereas XRF analysis confirmed the presence of potassium (K) and silica (SiO2) in the gel product. The molar ratio of SiO2:K2O in the product is 0.9 - 0.3 in the pH range of 3-5. Si-K-HAs powder can be used as soil fertilizer especially for soils that lack silica, humic, and potassium nutrients or for future application development. Keywords: gradual extraction; geothermal sludge; matrix gel; humic substance
Silence / Signification Degree Zero: Walter Benjamin’s Anti-Aesthetic of the Body
Authors: Rauch Malte Fabian
Published: November 2018

This essay examines Walter Benjamin’s opposition against traditional aesthetics and his development of an alternative, a decidedly anti-aesthetic approach. More specifically, it focuses on how Benjamin launches a frontal attack on Idealist aesthetics in the theory of ancient tragedy expounded in the Trauerspiel book and how he develops his own alternative conception in critical delineation from it. Closely examining his engagement with Nietzsche, Hölderlin, Hegel, and Solger, the essay shows how Benjamin’s entire theory is construed as a pointed response to a long and complex discourse on tragedy. Through a reconstruction of these debates, it becomes evident that the core of Benjamin’s critique concerns the relation between universal and singular in Idealist aesthetics, spelled out in a theory of reconciliation that is directly tied to the themes of fate and sacrifice. Against this background, the essay then analyzes – drawing both on Benjamin’s reception of Franz Rosenzweig as well as the work of Giorgio Agamben – Benjamin’s notion of silence as a retreat from language and meaning, as an immersion into the body. Instead of offering an image of reconciliation, tragedy, for Benjamin, then appears as the site where bodily singularity and impotentiality fragments the totality of signification, where meaning is disrupted and reduced to degree zero.
Vernacular Cosmopolitanism in Anglophone World Literatures: Comparative Histories of Literary Worlding
Authors: Neumann Birgit
Published: November 2018

The article explores the concept and practice of world literature from the perspective of postcolonial Anglophone literature. To account for the agency of literature and to move beyond the old centre/periphery model, the contribution focuses on literary acts of worldmaking rather than on the circulation of literature across the globe. It is argued that Anglophone world literature thrives on a poetics that bind diverse literary histories, languages, and distinct creative practices into patterns of exchange and thus exposes the constitutive exteriority within European (literary) histories. The use of the vernacular is identified as a central element of world literature’s poetics, staging a conflictual interplay between transcultural relationality and the formative impact of locality. As the vernacular binds the global and the local into loops of relation, it also offers an opportunity to consider the classification of “language as a language” (Young 1209). A reading of Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners (1956) provides insights into literary ways of worldmaking, showing how the poetics of Anglophone world literature shuttles among several places to create a vernacular cosmopolitanism (Bhabha). Finally, the article examines how an understanding of world literature as a polycentric network emerging from different literary traditions changes our practice of comparative literary history.
Die Iberische Halbinsel im frühen Mittelalter: Ausgangspunkt für interkulturelle Kontakte zwischen den Ottonen und den andalusischen Muslimen
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: November 2018

In light of two new strands of research, this study’s focus on the contacts between the world of the Iberian Peninsula in the premodern world, and the interest in Christian-Muslim relations globally, brings together two related texts from the early Middle Ages that illustrate a significant proximity between both cultures. Hrotsvit von Gandersheim’s “Pelagius” and the contemporary vita of the abbot Johannes of Gorze demonstrate that 10th-century Christian audiences north of the Alps were considerably informed about the situation in the Iberian Peninsula and made significant efforts to learn about the political and religious conditions there. Together, the literary account and the biographical narrative confirm a much more open exchange between both worlds than has previously been assumed.
Stochastische Optimierung parabolischer PDE-Systeme unter Wahrscheinlichkeitsrestriktionen am Beispiel der Temperaturregelung eines Stabes
Authors: Schmidt Patrick , Geletu Abebe , Li Pu
Published: November 2018

Die Zustandsgrößen zahlreicher ingenieurtechnischer Prozesse sind sowohl raum- als auch zeitabhängig. Solche Prozesse werden mit parabolischen partiellen Differentialgleichungen beschrieben. Die meisten praktischen Anwendungen sind mit Unsicherheiten versehen, die durch ungenaue Modellparameter und zufällige Störungen charakterisiert sind. Die Optimierung unsicherer parabolischer PDE-Systeme mit Zustandsbeschränkungen stellte eine große Herausforderung dar. In diesem Beitrag werden diese als wahrscheinlichkeitsbeschränkte Nebenbedingungen modelliert. Das dadurch formulierte stochastische Optimierungsproblem wird mit der Methode der inneren und äußeren Approximation gelöst. Die Wirksamkeit und Effizienz der vorgeschlagenen Lösungsmethode werden durch die Temperaturregelung eines Stabes mit einem unsicheren Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten demonstriert.
Integrated day-ahead energy procurement and production scheduling
Authors: Leo Egidio , Engell Sebastian
Published: November 2018

For the optimal operation of power-intensive plants, a challenge which is addressed in this work is to simultaneously determine the optimal production schedule and the optimal day-ahead electricity commitment. In order to ensure stability of the power grid, the electricity suppliers impose a daily electricity commitment to large consumers. The consumers have to commit one day in advance to the amount of energy they are going to purchase and use for a horizon of 24 hours (with an hourly discretization) and in case the actual electricity consumption differs significantly from the committed profile, the consumer is obliged to pay penalties. Since the consumers have to commit to the electricity suppliers before the actual electricity demand is known, uncertainty needs to be taken into account. A stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to consider two critical sources of uncertainty: equipment breakdowns and deviation prices. Equipment breakdowns can reduce the production capacity and make the actual electricity consumption deviate from the day-ahead electricity commitment. The application of the proposed approach to a continuous power-intensive plant shows the benefit gained from the solution of the stochastic model instead of the deterministic counterpart in terms of reduction of the cost of the energy.
Optimierungsbasierte Regelung und Steuerung Hybrid-Dynamischer Systeme
Authors: Liu Zonglin , Stursberg Olaf
Published: November 2018

Die optimale Steuerung und Regelung hybrider Systeme ist herausfordernd, da sie sprunghafte Änderungen von Zustandsgrößen und die Kombinatorik ereignisdiskreten Verhaltens in die Optimierung von kontinuierlicher Dynamik einbringt. Dieser Beitrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Lösungsverfahren für verschiedene Problemausprägungen. Anschließend wird für den Fall zeitdiskreter hybrider Systeme mit kontinuierlichen und diskreten Stelleingriffen eine neue Lösungsmethode vorgestellt, worin die optimale Lösung durch Verwendung von approximierten Kostenschranken und Nachbarschaftsbeziehungen explorierter Zustände mit relativ geringem Rechenaufwand angenähert wird.
Eingebettete Optimierung in der Regelungstechnik – Grundlagen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Findeisen Rolf , Graichen Knut , Mönnigmann Martin
Published: November 2018

Die effiziente Lösung von Optimierungsproblemen in Echtzeit bildet die Grundlage vieler moderner Regelungs- und Schätzverfahren. So basieren die prädiktive Regelung sowie die Zustandsschätzung auf bewegtem Horizont auf der wiederholten Lösung beschränkter Optimierungsprobleme. Methodische sowie technologische Fortschritte ermöglichen den Einsatz optimierungsbasierter Verfahren in Echtzeit selbst für anspruchsvolle Regelungs- und Schätzprobleme mit Zeitkonstanten im Bereich von Mikro- oder sogar Nanosekunden. Nach einem Überblick über effiziente Lösungsansätze für die echtzeitfähige Umsetzung optimierungsbasierter Schätz- und Regelungsverfahren fokussiert sich diese Arbeit auf wesentliche technologische, regelungs- und systemtheoretische Aspekte für deren erfolgreichen Einsatz.
An Erdős–Ko–Rado result for sets of pairwise non-opposite lines in finite classical polar spaces
Authors: Metsch Klaus
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we call a set of lines of a finite classical polar space an Erdős–Ko–Rado set of lines if no two lines of the polar space are opposite, which means that for any two lines l and h in such a set there exists a point on l that is collinear with all points of h. We classify all largest such sets provided the order of the underlying field of the polar space is not too small compared to the rank of the polar space. The motivation for studying these sets comes from [7], where a general Erdős–Ko–Rado problem was formulated for finite buildings. The presented result provides one solution in finite classical polar spaces.
International Drug Reform: Medicalised Harm Reduction, Cannabis and the Global Legislative Reality
Authors: White Daniel Linn
Published: November 2018

Despite being the global legislative reality for more than half a century, when it comes to the control and management of illicit drugs, there is still a sharp academic divide between strict prohibitionists and open access legalisers, with both sides claiming supremacy in their ability to reduce the harms drug users face. Spanning these opposing academic extremes, governments around the world have experimented with, or put into practice a range of alternatives to prohibition that generally hold harm reduction as a centrally guiding principle. However, in the realm of drugs control, harm reduction is not a simple utilitarian problem and is often clouded by a number of moral aspects that will seemingly continue to frustrate the prospects for consensus among the various drug control stakeholders for the near future. Moreover, while proponents of reform and legalisation have put forth seemingly plausible and well considered theories for the regulation and control of drugs in lieu of prohibition, it has become rather clear in the wake of the recent United Nations Special Assembly on Drugs in 2016 that a significant top-down change in international drugs control policy is unlikely for the foreseeable future. This is not to say the global prohibitionist framework is destined to remain predominant, and clear lines are emerging for the practical evolution of international drugs control policy. With an ever expanding variety of novel alternative methods being implemented by countries around the world to reduce the harm from illicit drug use, especially with regards to the unique challenges faced by intractable, chronic users of ’hard’ drugs such as heroin, coupled with a softening of hard-line attitudes, a path towards sensible drug reforms is becoming clearer. This short article examines a number of those alternative methods, where it is argued that medicalised harm reduction for ’hard’ drugs is the most likely to find broad acceptance under the international drug regime and the growing tolerance and liberalisation of cannabis laws will likely continue because of its relatively low risk profile and high cost of prohibition.
Convergence of Levenberg–Marquardt method for the inverse problem with an interior measurement
Authors: Jiang Yu , Nakamura Gen
Published: November 2018

The convergence of Levenberg–Marquardt method is discussed for the inverse problem to reconstruct the storage modulus and loss modulus for the so-called scalar model by a single interior measurement. The scalar model is the most simplest model for data analysis used as the modeling partial differential equation in the diagnosing modality called the magnetic resonance elastography which is used to diagnose for instance lever cancer. The convergence of the method is proved by showing that the measurement map which maps the above unknown moduli to the measured data satisfies the so-called the tangential cone condition. The argument of the proof is quite general and in principle can be applied to any similar inverse problem to reconstruct the unknown coefficients of the model equation given as a partial differential equation of divergence form by one single interior measurement. The performance of the method is numerically tested for the two-layered piecewise homogeneous scalar models in a rectangular domain and a circular domain.
A Study of Different Forms of Dual Polarization – Quadrature Amplitude Modulation and its Performance Analysis in Terms of Q-Factor and Distance
Authors: Kaur Vipanpreet , Singh Sappal Amandeep
Published: November 2018

In this paper, dual polarization has been studied along with different forms of quadrature amplitude modulation schemes. Also the comparison of various QAMs (QPSK, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM, DP-64QAM, DP-128QAM) is carried out in terms of Q-factor and distance.
Global Trade with an Epistemic Upgrade
Authors: Herzog Lisa
Published: November 2018

This paper takes a social epistemology perspective on markets in general and trade deals in particular. Normatively, it is based on considerations of democratic accountability and contestation. Empirically, it is based on the assumption that all markets are embedded in institutional frameworks. Knowledge plays an important role in the institutional framework of markets: it matters both at the level of content – which knowledge has to be processed in what way, according to the market rules? – and at the level of process – whose knowledge counts in setting the rules? While these considerations apply to both domestic and international markets, there are good reasons to allocate certain epistemic tasks to the frameworks of international markets, for example trade deals. While the TTIP and CETA negotiations fell short of democratic standards about transparency, the debate about them indicates growing public awareness of the importance of the institutional frameworks for international trade.
Applications of H-phosphonates for C element bond formation
Authors: Muhammad Mehwish Hussain , Chen Xiao-Lan , Yu Bing , Qu Ling-Bo , Zhao Yu-Fen
Published: November 2018

The readily accessible and inexpensive dialkyl H-phosphonates are important building blocks for organic synthesis. This review specifically covers our recent work on the application of H-phosphonates as reactants for C–P bond formation, and as promoters for quinoline N-oxides to synthesize 2-functionalized quinolines.
Perioperative Mortality Prediction Using Possum in Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors: Do Immunological Variables Affect Individual Predictive Mortality Risk?
Authors: Engin Atilla , Engin Ayse Basak , Kurukahvecioglu Osman , Sepici-Dincel Aylin
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of immunological variables to the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) scoring system improves the predictability of postoperative mortality. One hundred and thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent moderate, major or major-plus elective surgical interventions for gastrointestinal tumors were scored using the POSSUM mortality risk analysis. Patients were placed in one of the two groups based on their POSSUM mortality rates which were either lower or higher than 5%. An additional 26 pre-operative and post-operative metabolic and immunological variables were measured and mortality-dependent variables were selected. Regression analysis with backward elimination of twelve pre-operative and post-operative variables correlating with POSSUM score revealed that post-operative neopterin, IL-6 and albumin were significantly dependent on the predicted mortality rates. According to these selected variables, the number of patients with a POSSUM predicted mortality rate higher than 5% increased from 64 to 88, but the percentage of the mean mortality decreased. Statistical differences between the original POSSUM and modified scoring system was highly significant (p<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of the modified scoring system was calculated to be 52.9% and 87.5%, respectively.
Textual and pictorial components in the focus: paratext in translated graphic novels
Authors: Schultze Brigitte
Published: November 2018

In spite of manifold textual-pictorial make-up and remarkably varied meaning making function, paratext is one of the neglected research topics around graphic novels (graphic narrative in general). Even more so, this goes for translated graphic novels. Distinguishing between carrier media of paratext (front and back covers, blurbs) and forms of information (introduction, imprint, appendix), this study starts from describing most characteristic components of graphic novels’ paratext. Different from many articles on graphic narrative, this contribution is not only based on English, French and German, but also on Slavic (Czech, Polish, Serbian) source and target texts. All source texts are internationally respected, prize-winning examples of the genre. Comparative analysis profits from this enlargement of research material: it yields new insight into meaning making contained in or connected with paratext – including target recipients’ privileged position.
„Bruksch“ im Trajanskiosk
Authors: Kockelmann Holger
Published: November 2018

Publikation einer hieroglyphischen Ritzinschrift, die vermutlich Heinrich Brugsch 1853 bei seinem Aufenthalt in den Tempeln von Philae hinterlassen hat.
Bemerkungen zum Papyrus Moskau 314
Authors: Quack Joachim Friedrich
Published: November 2018

A recent re-publication of the so-called Hymns to the Diadem (pMoscow 314) is an occasion to take up some questions related to that manuscript. It is shown that the original dating to the 17th (or very early 18th) dynasty is correct against the new proposal to date it to the reign of Amenemhet III, and that synchronically the beneficiary of the ritual is a god, even if it is likely to be an adaption of a royal ritual. Linguistic details point towards a date for the composition in the Old Kingdom. Several philological problems are discussed, and weaknesses in the new edition are pointed out.
Once More “the Beneficient King”
Authors: Spalinger Anthony
Published: November 2018

A discussion of the Egyptian phrase “beneficent king” in light of new demotic data. Further commentary on A. Stauder’s evaluation of the dating of Neferty is presented within the context of the northeast Egyptian delta.
An unusual presentation of post gastric bypass hypoglycemia with both postprandial and fasting hypoglycemia
Authors: Chen Xin , Kamel Dina , Barnett Braden , Yung Evan , Quinn Adrienne , Nguyen Caroline
Published: November 2018

There has been an increasing awareness of post gastric bypass hypoglycemia (PGBH). Histopathologic findings from such patients who underwent partial/total pancreatomy, however, can vary widely from minimal changes to classic nesidioblastosis, making the pathologic diagnosis challenging. PGBH typically presents as postprandial hypoglycemia, as opposed to insulinoma, which presents as fasting hypoglycemia. Herein, we describe an unusual case of a patient with PGBH who initially presented with postprandial hypoglycemia three years after surgery, but later developed fasting hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as the disease progressed. Our hypothesis for this phenomenon is that this disease is progressive, and later in its course, the insulin release becomes dissociated from food stimulation and is increased at baseline. Future studies are needed to investigate the prevalence as well as etiology of this progression from postprandial to fasting hypoglycemia.

Learning points:

There has been an increasing awareness of post gastric bypass hypoglycemia (PGBH).

Histopathologically, PGBH can vary from minimal changes to nesidioblastosis.

Although uncommon, patients with PGBH after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may present with both postprandial and fasting hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as disease progresses.

Our hypothesis for this phenomenon is that the insulin release becomes dissociated from food stimulation and is increased at baseline with disease progression.
Radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules according to different ultrasound features: an Italian multicentre prospective study
Authors: Deandrea Maurilio , Garino Francesca , Alberto Mormile , Garberoglio Roberto , Rossetto Ruth , Bonelli Nadia , Spiezia Stefano , De Santis Massimo , Monti Salvatore , Deiana Maria Grazia , Vincenzo Toscano , Cugini Christian , El Dalati Ghassan , Limone Paolo Piero
Published: November 2018

Background

The purpose of this study was to confirm the generalisation of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTN) and to look for a correlation between final shrinkage and some ultrasound (US) findings in a large Italian population data set.

Methods

This prospective study included 337 patients with solid cold BTN from six Italian institutions. Nodule volume, US pattern, thyroid function, symptom/cosmetic scores and complications were evaluated before treatment and at 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was to find a correlation between basal volume and US pattern of the nodules and final shrinkage. The secondary outcome was to confirm the efficacy and safety of RFA in a large data set.

Results

The median basal volume was 20.7 mL, and this significantly decreased after RFA at 6 months (7.3 mL (−63.5%), P < 0.001) and at 12 months (6 mL (−70%), P vs 6 months = 0.009). A significant correlation was found for US structure (a spongiform pattern showing a 76% reduction vs 67 and 66% of mix and solid patterns respectively, P < 0.01) as well as for vascularity (intense peripheral and intranodal patterns showing 71 vs 68 and 67% of weak peripheral and intranodal and peripheral patterns respectively, P < 0.03), but not for macrocalcifications. A slight inverse correlation was found between nodule basal volume and shrinkage (Spearman: −0.23). Mean symptoms/cosmetic scores were significantly reduced. No major complications were encountered.

Conclusions

This multicentre study validated the efficacy and safety of RFA for treating BTN and showed a clear correlation between final shrinkage and some common US findings.
La política de la memoria como instrumento de construcción de las naciones postsocialistas
Authors: Alekseevich Achkasov Valery , Useche Peláez Liuba Alexandra
Published: November 2018

En el artículo se analiza el rol de la “política histórica” promovida por las élites políticas e intelectuales en la formación de la identidad nacional de los países postsocialistas. Se llega a la conclusión de que en lugar de un programa constructivo de consolidación de la identidad nacional, las élites políticas e intelectuales promovieron la actualización de los conflictos existentes y la politización de la política histórica, formando y conceptualizando imaginarios en la conciencia de masas. En este artículo se plantea que el compromiso frente a la interpretación de los complejos y trágicos episodios de la historia común y el reconocimiento de la responsabilidad general de estos países o del llamado “olvido común” pasaron a un segundo plano. El análisis aquí planteado abarca lo anterior, teniendo en cuenta el estudio de la primitiva xenofobia e idiosincrasia.
Factores escolares asociados al aprendizaje de la física
Authors: Monroy Córdoba Angélica María , Suárez Sotomonte Publio
Published: November 2018

Los factores escolares juegan un papel importante dentro del aprendizaje de la física. Es necesario identificarlos debido a que el docente puede con ellos mejorar el desarrollo y diseñar nuevas actividades metodológicas en el aula. En esta investigación se propone identificar, caracterizar y relacionar los factores escolares asociados con el aprendizaje de la física, además crear unas actividades metodológicas para implementar en el aula, y así lograr un mayor nivel de aprendizaje. Se tiene en cuenta como principal representante a David Ausubel, quien habla del aprendizaje significativo dentro de este carácter teórico. Se observan los tipos de aprendizajes, como: el de representaciones, de conceptos y de proposiciones.En este artículo también se presentan fundamentados los factores escolares, que nos hablan de las características internas del estudiante, llamados intraescolares y los extraescolares que son los que están relacionados con directivos, docentes y autoridades municipales, aquí también se relacionan los factores motivacionales, los cuales tienen que ver directamente con el trabajo realizado en el aula.