bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Requirement for antiapoptotic MCL-1 in the survival of BCR-ABL B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Koss Brian , Morrison Jeffrey , Perciavalle Rhonda M. , Singh Harpreet , Rehg Jerold E. , Williams Richard T. , Opferman Joseph T.
Published: July 2013

Key Points

Using a mouse genetic mouse model of Ph+ B-lineage ALL, endogenous antiapoptotic MCL-1 is required for leukemia survival. In BCR-ABL+ B-lineage ALL human and mouse cells, combining TKIs with small-molecule inhibitors of BCL-2 can potentiate sensitivity to cell death.
Altered natural killer cell subset homeostasis and defective chemotactic responses in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: El-Sherbiny Yasser M. , Kelly Richard J. , Hill Anita , Doody Gina M. , Hillmen Peter , Cook Graham P.
Published: July 2013

Key Points

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria identifies a role for GPI-linked proteins in the homeostasis of human NK cell subsets. GPI-deficient NK cells exhibit impaired chemotactic responses.
Automatic extraction of biomolecular interactions: an empirical approach
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Berleant Daniel , Ding Jing , Wurtele Eve Syrkin
Published: July 2013

Background

We describe a method for extracting data about how biomolecule pairs interact from texts. This method relies on empirically determined characteristics of sentences. The characteristics are efficient to compute, making this approach to extraction of biomolecular interactions scalable. The results of such interaction mining can support interaction network annotation, question answering, database construction, and other applications.

Results

We constructed a software system to search MEDLINE for sentences likely to describe interactions between given biomolecules. The system extracts a list of the interaction-indicating terms appearing in those sentences, then ranks those terms based on their likelihood of correctly characterizing how the biomolecules interact. The ranking process uses a tf-idf (term frequency-inverse document frequency) based technique using empirically derived knowledge about sentences, and was applied to the MEDLINE literature collection. Software was developed as part of the MetNet toolkit (http://www.metnetdb.org).

Conclusions

Specific, efficiently computable characteristics of sentences about biomolecular interactions were analyzed to better understand how to use these characteristics to extract how biomolecules interact.

The text empirics method that was investigated, though arising from a classical tradition, has yet to be fully explored for the task of extracting biomolecular interactions from the literature. The conclusions we reach about the sentence characteristics investigated in this work, as well as the technique itself, could be used by other systems to provide evidence about putative interactions, thus supporting efforts to maximize the ability of hybrid systems to support such tasks as annotating and constructing interaction networks.
Identification of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway proteins in marine diatoms using comparative genomics
Authors: Port Jesse A , Parker Micaela S , Kodner Robin B , Wallace James C , Armbrust E Virginia , Faustman Elaine M
Published: July 2013

Background

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway plays an essential role in signal transmission and response to external stimuli in mammalian cells. Protein components of this pathway have been characterized in plants and simpler eukaryotes such as yeast, but their presence and role in unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes have not been determined. We use a comparative genomics approach using whole genome sequences and gene expression libraries of four diatoms (Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Fragilariopsis cylindrus) to search for evidence of GPCR signaling pathway proteins that share sequence conservation to known GPCR pathway proteins.

Results

The majority of the core components of GPCR signaling were well conserved in all four diatoms, with protein sequence similarity to GPCRs, human G protein α- and β-subunits and downstream effectors. There was evidence for the Gγ-subunit and thus a full heterotrimeric G protein only in T. pseudonana. Phylogenetic analysis of putative diatom GPCRs indicated similarity but deep divergence to the class C GPCRs, with branches basal to the GABAB receptor subfamily. The extracellular and intracellular regions of these putative diatom GPCR sequences exhibited large variation in sequence length, and seven of these sequences contained the necessary ligand binding domain for class C GPCR activation. Transcriptional data indicated that a number of the putative GPCR sequences are expressed in diatoms under various stress conditions in culture, and that many of the GPCR-activated signaling proteins, including the G protein, are also expressed.

Conclusions

The presence of sequences in all four diatoms that code for the proteins required for a functional mammalian GPCR pathway highlights the highly conserved nature of this pathway and suggests a complex signaling machinery related to environmental perception and response in these unicellular organisms. The lack of evidence for some GPCR pathway proteins in one or more of the diatoms, such as the Gγ-subunit, may be due to differences in genome completeness and genome coverage for the four diatoms. The high divergence of putative diatom GPCR sequences to known class C GPCRs suggests these sequences may represent another, potentially ancestral, subfamily of class C GPCRs.
Sub-inhibitory concentrations of some antibiotics can drive diversification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in artificial sputum medium
Authors: Wright Elli A , Fothergill Joanne L , Paterson Steve , Brockhurst Michael A , Winstanley Craig
Published: July 2013

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations within the cystic fibrosis lung exhibit extensive phenotypic and genetic diversification. The resultant population diversity is thought to be crucial to the persistence of infection and may underpin the progression of disease. However, because cystic fibrosis lungs represent ecologically complex and hostile environments, the selective forces driving this diversification in vivo remain unclear. We took an experimental evolution approach to test the hypothesis that sub-inhibitory antibiotics can drive diversification of P. aeruginosa populations. Replicate populations of P. aeruginosa LESB58 were cultured for seven days in artificial sputum medium with and without sub-inhibitory concentrations of various clinically relevant antibiotics. We then characterised diversification with respect to 13 phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.

Results

We observed that higher population diversity evolved in the presence of azithromycin, ceftazidime or colistin relative to antibiotic-free controls. Divergence occurred due to alterations in antimicrobial susceptibility profiles following exposure to azithromycin, ceftazidime and colistin. Alterations in colony morphology and pyocyanin production were observed following exposure to ceftazidime and colistin only. Diversification was not observed in the presence of meropenem.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that certain antibiotics can promote population diversification when present in sub-inhibitory concentrations. Hence, the choice of antibiotic may have previously unforeseen implications for the development of P. aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.
Improving the management of people with a family history of breast cancer in primary care: before and after study of audit-based education
Authors: Rafi Imran , Chowdhury Susmita , Chan Tom , Jubber Ibrahim , Tahir Mohammad , de Lusignan Simon
Published: July 2013

Background

In England, guidance from National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) states women with a family history of breast cancer presenting to primary care should be reassured or referred.

We reviewed the evidence for interventions that might be applied in primary care and conducted an audit of whether low risk women are correctly advised and flagged.

Methods

We conducted a literature review to identify modifiable risk factors. We extracted routinely collected data from the computerised medical record systems of 6 general practices (population approximately 30,000); of the variables identified in the guidance. We implemented a quality improvement (QI) intervention called audit-based education (ABE) comparing participant practices with guidelines and each other before and after; we report odds ratios (OR) of any change in data recording.

Results

The review revealed evidence for advising on: diet, weight control, physical exercise, and alcohol. The proportion of patients with recordings of family history of: disease, neoplasms, and breast cancer were: 39.3%, 5.1% and 1.3% respectively. There was no significant change in the recording of family history of disease or cancer; OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.98-1.06); and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) respectively. Recording of alcohol consumption and smoking both increased significantly; OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.30-1.43); and 1.42 (95% CI 1.27-1.60) respectively. Recording lifestyle advice fell; OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.81-0.88).

Conclusions

The study informs about current data recording and willingness to engage in ABE. Recording of risk factors improved after the intervention. Further QI is needed to achieve adherence to current guidance.
The effectiveness of individual placement and support for people with mental illness new on social benefits: a study protocol
Authors: Viering Sandra , Bärtsch Bettina , Obermann Caitriona , Rüsch Nicolas , Rössler Wulf , Kawohl Wolfram
Published: July 2013

Background

In Switzerland, people with a severe mental illness and unable to work receive disability benefits (‘IV-pension’). Once they are granted these benefits, the chances to regain competitive employment are usually small. However, previous studies have shown that individual placement and support (IPS) supports a successful reintegration into competitive employment. This study focuses on the integration of newly appointed IV-pensioners, who have received an IV-pension for less than a year.

Method/design

The present pilot project ZHEPP (Zürcher Eingliederungs-Pilot Projekt; engl.: Zurich integration pilot project) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The 250 participants will be randomized to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group receives support of a job coach according to the approach of IPS. Participants in the control group do not receive IPS support. Participation takes a total of two years for each participant. Each group is interviewed every six months (T0-T4). A two-factor analysis of variance will be conducted with the two factors group (intervention versus control group) and outcome (employment yes/no). The main criterion of the two-factor analysis will be the number of competitive employment contracts in each group.

Discussion

This study will focus on the impact of IPS on new IV-pensioners and aims to identify predictors for a successful integration. Furthermore, we will examine the effect of IPS on stigma variables and recovery orientation.

Trial registration

ISRCTN54951166
Improving understanding in the research informed consent process: a systematic review of 54 interventions tested in randomized control trials
Authors: Nishimura Adam , Carey Jantey , Erwin Patricia J , Tilburt Jon C , Murad M Hassan , McCormick Jennifer B
Published: July 2013

Background

Obtaining informed consent is a cornerstone of biomedical research, yet participants comprehension of presented information is often low. The most effective interventions to improve understanding rates have not been identified.

Purpose

To systematically analyze the random controlled trials testing interventions to research informed consent process. The primary outcome of interest was quantitative rates of participant understanding; secondary outcomes were rates of information retention, satisfaction, and accrual. Interventional categories included multimedia, enhanced consent documents, extended discussions, test/feedback quizzes, and miscellaneous methods.

Methods

The search spanned from database inception through September 2010. It was run on Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid CINAHL, Ovid PsycInfo and Cochrane CENTRAL, ISI Web of Science and Scopus. Five reviewers working independently and in duplicate screened full abstract text to determine eligibility. We included only RCTs. 39 out of 1523 articles fulfilled review criteria (2.6%), with a total of 54 interventions. A data extraction form was created in Distiller, an online reference management system, through an iterative process. One author collected data on study design, population, demographics, intervention, and analytical technique.

Results

Meta-analysis was possible on 22 interventions: multimedia, enhanced form, and extended discussion categories; all 54 interventions were assessed by review. Meta-analysis of multimedia approaches was associated with a non-significant increase in understanding scores (SMD 0.30, 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.84); enhanced consent form, with significant increase (SMD 1.73, 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.47); and extended discussion, with significant increase (SMD 0.53, 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.84). By review, 31% of multimedia interventions showed significant improvement in understanding; 41% for enhanced consent form; 50% for extended discussion; 33% for test/feedback; and 29% for miscellaneous.Multiple sources of variation existed between included studies: control processes, the presence of a human proctor, real vs. simulated protocol, and assessment formats.

Conclusions

Enhanced consent forms and extended discussions were most effective in improving participant understanding. Interventions of all categories had no negative impact on participant satisfaction or study accrual. Identification of best practices for studies of informed consent interventions would aid future systematic comparisons.
Investigating the utilization of radiological services by physician patients: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chen-Yi , Hu Hsiao-Yun , Chen Likwang , Huang Nicole , Chou Yiing-Jeng , Li Chung-Pin
Published: July 2013

Background

Advances in radiology technology have contributed to a substantial increase in utilization of radiology services. Physicians, who are well educated in medical matters, would be expected to be knowledgeable about prudent or injudicious use of radiological services. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the utilization of radiology modalities among physician and non-physician patients.

Methods

This nationwide population-based cohort study was carried out using data obtained from the Taiwan National Insurance Database from 1997 to 2008. Physicians and comparison controls selected by propensity score matching were enrolled in the current study. The claims data of ambulatory care and inpatient discharge records were used to measure the utilization of various radiology modalities. Utilization rates of each modality were compared between physicians and non-physicians, and odds ratios of the utilization of each radiology modality were measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of X-ray, MRI, and interventional procedures utilization during the study period.

Results

The utilization of most radiologic services increased among physicians and the comparison group during the observation period. Compared to non-physicians, physicians had significantly higher utilization rates of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but lower utilization rates of X-rays, sonography, and interventional procedures. After adjusting for age, gender, major diseases, urbanicity, and residential regions, logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to non-physicians, the physicians used significantly more MRI (odds ratio [OR]: 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68–2.84, P < 0.001) and significantly less X-rays and interventional procedures (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99, P = 0.04 for X-rays and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54–0.83, P < 0.001 for interventional procedures). Being a physician was a significant predictor of greater usage of MRI and of less usage of X-ray and interventional procedures.

Conclusions

This study revealed different utilization patterns of X-rays, MRI, and interventional procedures between physician and non-physician patients, even after controlling for such factors as socioeconomic status and major diseases.
One-step synthesis of highly efficient three-dimensional Cd1-xZn
x
S photocatalysts for visible light photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Xiong Zuzhou , Zheng Maojun , Zhu Changqing , Zhang Bin , Ma Li , Shen Wenzhong
Published: July 2013

Visible light accounts for about 43% of the solar spectrum, and developing highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst is of special significance. In this work, highly efficient three-dimensional (3D) Cd1−x
Zn
x
S photocatalysts for hydrogen generation under the irradiation of visible light were synthesized via one-step solvothermal pathway. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were utilized to characterize the morphology, crystal structure, vibrational states, and surface composition of the obtained 3D Cd1−x
Zn
x
S. UV-Vis spectra indicated that the as-synthesized Cd1−x
Zn
x
S had appropriate bandgap and position of the conduction band that is beneficial for visible light absorption and photo-generated electron-hole pair separation. Moreover, the 3D structure offers a larger surface area thus supplying more surface reaction sites and better charge transport environment, and therefore, the efficiency of water splitting was improved further.
The effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on self efficacy of patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation center
Authors: Poortaghi Sarieh , Baghernia Ali , Golzari Samad EJ , Safayian Abdolrasoul , Atri Shirin B
Published: July 2013

Background

The prevalence of coronary heart disease is increasing worldwide contributing to mortality and morbidity of millions of people. Cardiac rehabilitation is an interdisciplinary activity with the aim of facilitating and improving the physical, psychological and emotional state of the patients with cardiac complications. This study aimed to evaluate the probable positive effects of continuing cardiac rehabilitation programs at home on self-efficacy of the patients with cardiac complications.

Method

In a randomized controlled trial, 80 patients referred to rehabilitation center from Feb 2009 to Jan 2010 were randomly divided into case and control groups. Both groups received routine cardiac rehabilitation programs in the rehabilitation center. In addition, the case group received education and practical training in various rehabilitation measures along with home visits of a community health nurse throughout the follow-up period. General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used to assess self-efficacy between two groups at baseline and follow-up periods. Collected data from GSES questionnaires were analyzed using Minitab software and repeated measurement analysis model.

Results

No first time (before beginning of rehabilitation program) GESE differences were observed between case (26.36 ± 0.84) and control (28.53 ± 0.54) groups (P = 0.44). In the final measurement, GESE in case group was 36.59 ± 5.65 vs. 26.5 ± 0.91 in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in self-efficacy between two groups and in different measurements (P = 0.000).

Conclusion

Home-based cardiac rehabilitation has a positive effect on patients’ self-efficacy and therefore it is recommended for the patients suffering from heart diseases.

Trial registration

RCT registration number:IRCT201106086747N1.
Spatial pattern of schistosomiasis in Xingzi, Jiangxi Province, China: the effects of environmental factors
Authors: Hu Yi , Zhang Zhijie , Chen Yue , Wang Zengliang , Gao Jie , Tao Bo , Jiang Qiulin , Jiang Qingwu
Published: July 2013

Background

The recent rebounds of schistosomiasis in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River pose a challenge to the current control strategies. In this study, identification of potential high risk snail habitats was proposed, as an alternative sustainable control strategy, in Xingzi County, China. Parasitological data from standardized surveys were available for 36,208 locals (aged between 6–65 years) from 42 sample villages across the county and used in combination with environmental data to investigate the spatial pattern of schistosomiasis risks.

Methods

Environmental factors measured at village level were examined as possible risk factors by fitting a logistic regression model to schsitosomiasis risk. The approach of ordinary kriging was then used to predict the prevalence of schistosomiasis over the whole county.

Results

Risk analysis indicated that distance to snail habitat and wetland, rainfall, land surface temperature, hours of daylight, and vegetation are significantly associated with infection and the residual spatial pattern of infection showed no spatial correlation. The predictive map illustrated that high risk regions were located close to Beng Lake, Liaohuachi Lake, and Shixia Lake.

Conclusions

Those significant environmental factors can perfectly explain spatial variation in infection and the high risk snail habitats delineated by the predicted map of schistosomiasis risks will help local decision-makers to develop a more sustainable control strategy.
Effect of different salts on dewatering and properties of yellowtail barracuda surimi
Authors: Lertwittayanon Kosol , Benjakul Soottawat , Maqsood Sajid , Encarnacion Angel B
Published: July 2013

Washing is an important process for surimi production, in which undesirable components in fish mince are removed, while myofibrillar proteins are concentrated. However, dewatering is less effective for some fish species. The use of appropriate salt can be a means to increase dewatering and simultaneously improve the gelling property of surimi. The impact of 0.45% NaCl containing CaCl2 or MgCl2 at various levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mM) as the third washing media on dewatering of washed mince and gel-forming ability of surimi produced from yellowtail barracuda (Sphyraena flavicauda) was investigated. When CaCl2 or MgCl2 was incorporated into the washing media, the contents of Ca or Mg ions in washed mince increased (p < 0.05), whereas the pH of washed mince slightly decreased (p < 0.05). At the same concentration, a higher dewatering of mince was observed when CaCl2 was used, compared with MgCl2 (p < 0.05). Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the stability of myosin decreased when higher concentrations of both salts were used (p < 0.05), while no difference in the stability of actin was obtained. Washing mince with 0.45% NaCl containing 20 mM MgCl2 yielded increases in breaking force of the gel of resulting surimi for both one-step and two-step heating processes by 46% and 33%, respectively, compared with the control (without CaCl2 or MgCl2 incorporation in washing media). The whiteness of the gel slightly decreased when the mince was washed with MgCl2 (p < 0.05). Microstructure revealed that a gel possessing a fine network with improved water-holding capacity was formed when the third media containing 0.45% NaCl and 20 mM MgCl2 was used. The use of 0.45% NaCl containing 20 mM MgCl2 was recommended to increase dewatering efficacy and improve gel strength of surimi from yellowtail barracuda by rendering a fine and ordered gel network.
High Performance Computing (HPC) Wales and the Next Generation Workforce: Strategies to Ensure Propagation
Authors: Redfern Laura M.
Published: July 2013

High Performance Computing (HPC) Wales was launched in 2010 as a five year joint venture between Wales’ six Universities, working in partnership with a variety of academic and industrial stakeholders and funded by the EU, UK and Welsh Governments. The aim of HPC Wales is to deliver a pan-Wales HPC infrastructure: primarily to assist with economic regeneration in the Principality of Wales (which has a population of approximately 3.6 million) through the up-skilling of individuals and by promoting uptake of HPC in Welsh businesses, but also open to collaborations from outside Wales. It is the first national service of its kind in Europe.

In order to encourage the uptake of HPC into small and medium sized enterprises (of up to 250 staff) in Wales, and for HPC Wales itself to become a sustainable business, the development of a strong skills base is vital. Successful delivery will be marked by the successful upskilling of individuals via accredited training programmes, and through outreach and engagement activities. Recognising that a significant amount of upskilling is required, further work is being undertaken by HPC Wales to develop workflows which can help to simplify the HPC job submission process for the end user. This will make it possible for businesses to achieve results without their needing to acquire a high level of specialist HPC skills in the short term.

At a mid-point in this ambitious venture, this paper examines the strategies being developed by HPC Wales which will help to ensure propagation throughout the educational chain so that the requisite skills and workflows are in place which will benefit the next-generation workforce. Through this, HPC Wales hopes to assist in the overall advancement of scientific discovery which will, in turn, help Welsh businesses to become more competitive in the global marketplace.
Generalized quasi-Banach sequence spaces and measures of noncompactness
Authors: SILVA EDUARDO B. , FERNANDEZ DIOCESAR L. , NIKOLOVA LUDMILA
Published: July 2013

Given 0 < s ≤ 1 and ψ an s-convex function, s – ψ -sequence spaces are introduced. Several quasi-Banach sequence spaces are thus characterized as a particular case of s – ψ -spaces. For these spaces, new measures of noncompactness are also defined, related to the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness. As an application, compact sets in s – ψ -interpolation spaces of a quasi-Banach couple are studied.
The Late Holocene upper montane cloud forest and high altitude grassland mosaic in the Serra da Igreja, Southern Brazil
Authors: SCHEER MAURICIO B. , CURCIO GUSTAVO R. , RODERJAN CARLOS V.
Published: July 2013

Many soils of the highlands of Serra do Mar, as in other mountain ranges, have thick histic horizons that preserve high amounts of carbon. However, the age and constitution of the organic matter of these soils remain doubtful, with possible late Pleistocene or Holocene ages. This study was conducted in three profiles (two in grassland and one in forest) in Serra da Igreja highlands in the state of Paraná. We performed δ13C isotope analysis of organic matter in soil horizons to detect whether C3 or C4 plants dominated the past communities and 14C dating of the humin fraction to obtain the age of the studied horizons. C3 plants seem to have dominated the mountain ridges of Serra da Igreja since at least 3,000 years BP. Even though the Serra da Igreja may represents a landscape of high altitude grasslands in soils containing organic matter from the late Pleistocene, as reported elsewhere in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, our results indicate that the sites studied are at least from the beginning of the Late Holocene, when conditions of high moisture enabled the colonization/recolonization of the Serra da Igreja ridges by C3 plants. This is the period, often reported in the literature, when forests advanced onto grasslands and savannas.
Agro-economic yield of taro clones in Brazil, propagated with different types of cuttings, in three crop seasons
Authors: HEREDIA ZARATE NESTOR A. , VIEIRA MARIA C. , TABALDI LUCIANE A. , HEREDIA VIEIRA DANILO A. , JORGE ROSIMEIRE P.G. , SALLES NATALIA A.
Published: July 2013

The experimental studies were conducted in 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 crop seasons, in order to know the agro-economic yield of 'Chinês' and "Macaquinho" taro clones, propagated using huge, extra, large, medium, small and tiny cormels. The harvest was done on average on 202 days after planting, in three crop seasons. Based on the joint analysis of variance carried out, it was observed that taro clones showed significant differences in the yield of fresh and dry weight of leaves, cormels, and commercial and non-commercial comels; besides, there were significant differences in yield of a crop season to another and the size of the cuttings induced significant differences in yield. In the conditions that the experiments were conducted, and considering the highest average yield of fresh weight of commercial cormels (28.69 t.ha-1) and highest net income (US $14,741.14) correspondent to the three crop seasons, it is recommended to cultivate 'Macaquinho' clone using small cuttings in propagation.
Osmotic conditioning and shading on the germination and on the initial growth of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão seedlings
Authors: SCALON SILVANA P.Q. , MOTA LEANDRO H.S. , MUSSURY ROSILDA M.
Published: July 2013

The present work aimed to evaluate the osmotic conditioning and shading on the germination and on the initial growth of aroeira seedlings. The seeds were pre-imbibed in solutions with different concentrations of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and KNO3 and incubated at 10°C and 20°C temperatures, during 0 (control), 12 and 24 hours. After these periods, the seeds were dried until they reached the initial levels of humidity. After that, they were put for germinating in BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) chambers, at alternated 20-30°C. The control treatment and the pre-conditionings that presented the best results in BOD germination were selected, PEG (-1.0 MPa) + KNO3 (-1.0 MPa) and KNO3 (-1.0 MPa), with pre-imbibition for 12 h and incubated in BOD at 20°C. The seeds were sowed on trays and then they were transplanted, keeping under a net covered with 50% and 70% of shading and at sunlight. The osmotic conditioning did not change the seeds germination in BOD, but the highest aerial part size was observed in PEG -1.0 MPa + KNO3-1.0 MPa treatment. The shading levels at 50% and 70% and the osmotic conditioning with PEG -1.0 MPa + KNO3-1.0 MPa offered a higher emergence in a greenhouse condition; however, at sunlight the seeds presented a better index of quality on the 145th day.
Diagnóstico de HPV: o processo de interação da mulher com seu parceiro
Authors: Vargens Octavio Muniz da Costa , Silva Carla Marins , Azevedo e Silva Gulnar , Girianelli Vânia Reis
Published: July 2013

Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, que objetivou analisar o processo de interação da mulher com seu parceiro a partir do diagnóstico de infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). Foi realizada em treze comunidades dos municípios de Duque de Caxias e Nova Iguaçu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, de outubro/2006 a setembro/2008. Foram entrevistadas 20 mulheres com diagnóstico de infecção pelo HPV de alto risco oncogênico. Os pressupostos do Interacionismo Simbólico e da Grounded Theory nortearam a coleta e análise dos dados. Os resultados revelaram que o diagnóstico do HPV significa sérios desafios no relacionamento das mulheres com seu parceiro principalmente no que se refere à adoção de medidas preventivas. Conclui-se que estas questões indicam a necessidade de um atendimento humanizado que favoreça o empoderamento das mulheres.
Declarações de óbitos de mulheres em idade fértil: busca por óbitos maternos
Authors: Gil Mariana Marcos , Gomes-Sponholz Flavia Azevedo
Published: July 2013

No Brasil, há deficiência de registros completos na Declaração de Óbito, sendo questionada a confiabilidade, especialmente das causas relacionadas ao ciclo grávido-puerperal. Investigamos, em Declarações de Óbito de mulheres em idade fértil, o preenchimento dos campos que permitem identificar óbitos maternos. Pesquisa documental, conduzida a partir de prontuários hospitalares. Analisamos mortes maternas declaradas, não maternas, inconclusivas e mortes presumíveis. Para análise das causas básicas de morte utilizamos a Lista de Tabulação de Mortalidade da CID - BR-10. Das 301 declarações de óbito analisadas, 60% apresentaram os campos 43/44 preenchidos, e 40% apresentaram estes campos em branco e/ou ignorados. Encontramos 58,5% de mortes não maternas, 2% de mortes maternas declaradas e 39,5% mortes inconclusivas. A análise das mortes inconclusivas permitiu-nos classificar 4,3% como mortes presumíveis. Para sanar as incompletudes dos registros civis, é necessário o empenho de todos os profissionais de saúde para que a fidedignidade das informações seja uma meta atingida.
Situação vacinal de recém-nascidos de risco e dificuldades vivenciadas pelas mães
Authors: Lopes Edilene Gianelli , Martins Christine Baccarat de Godoy , Lima Fernanda Cristina Aguiar , Gaíva Maria Aparecida Munhoz
Published: July 2013

Entre recém-nascidos de risco, a imunização torna-se relevante em virtude do caráter preventivo. A pesquisa objetivou analisar a situação vacinal dos recém-nascidos de risco de Cuiabá-MT, bem como a satisfação e dificuldades das mães em relação à imunização. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com 113 recém-nascidos de risco, selecionados pela Declaração de Nascido Vivo: 25,7% apresentaram atraso vacinal, sendo a falta de vacinas na Unidade de Saúde (50,0%) o motivo mais relatado. Das crianças em atraso, 65,5% tinham mais de uma vacina atrasada, 100% apresentavam peso abaixo do esperado, 75,9% eram acompanhados em seu crescimento e desenvolvimento pela Unidade de Saúde, 69,0% apresentaram episódio de doença nos seis primeiros meses de vida, 41,4% das mães eram menores de 18 anos. As mães relataram várias dificuldades quanto ao serviço de imunização. Destaca-se a importância de estratégias que visem melhorar a qualidade no atendimento, estrutura dos serviços de saúde, acolhimento e preparo dos profissionais.
Between the processes of strengthening and weakening of the Family Health Strategy
Authors: Spagnuolo Regina Stella , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini
Published: July 2013

This was a qualitative study with the purpose of designing a meta-model for the work process of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) team. It was based on the experience of six sample groups, composed of their members (physicians, professional nurses, dentists, dental assistants, licensed technical nurses and community health agents) in a city in São Paulo state, Brazil, totaling 54 subjects. Six theoretical models emerged from non-directive interviews. These were analyzed according to Grounded Theory and submitted to the meta-synthesis strategy, which produced the meta-model "between the processes of strengthening and weakening of the FHS model: professional-team-community reciprocity as an intervening component". When analyzed in light of the Theory of Complexity (TC), it showed to be a work with a vertical and authoritarian tendency, which is largely hegemonic in the tradition of public health care policies.
Efetividade da intervenção breve para o uso abusivo de álcool na atenção primária: revisão sistemática
Authors: Pereira Maria Odete , Anginoni Bárbara Marques , Ferreira Natany da Costa , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Vargas Divane de , Colvero Luciana de Almeida
Published: July 2013

A pesquisa identificou estudos clínicos acerca das intervenções breves para o uso abusivo de álcool e analisou a eficácia dos aconselhamentos para os consumidores. Estudo bibliográfico sistemático que utilizou artigos publicados no período de 1997 a 2010. Os achados mostraram que a estratégia de intervenção breve é efetiva na redução da frequência e quantidade de álcool, com melhores resultados quando aplicada na atenção primária. Todos os profissionais da área da saúde obtêm bons resultados com o manejo dessa terapia. Não foi possível definir se a estratégia é mais eficaz se aplicada em bebedores de uso nocivo ou em crônicos, uma vez que a intervenção depende da mobilização de recursos motivacionais do paciente e de mudanças de atitude relacionadas ao consumo de álcool.
Percepção dos pais sobre amizade em crianças típicas e com TDAH
Authors: Sena Soraya da Silva , Souza Luciana Karine de
Published: July 2013

A literatura científica brasileira tem mostrado cada vez mais estudos sobre o TDAH em crianças, focalizando tanto questões de saúde como educacionais. A amizade é sabidamente promotora de desenvolvimento, de aprendizagem e de saúde. Também é reconhecido o papel dos pais na vida social de suas crianças. Assim, o TDAH e as relações de amizade, tanto em crianças sem transtornos como em crianças portadoras destes desafios, persistem merecendo investimento da comunidade científica. O presente trabalho comparou a percepção de pais de crianças com TDAH e de pais de crianças sem TDAH sobre as amizades de seus filhos. Também foram comparadas as respostas dos pais com a de seus filhos com a intenção de avaliar o grau de concordância entre as percepções de pais e de filhos. Os resultados têm a intenção de motivar novos estudos empíricos que examinem, mais intensa e extensamente, a amizade em crianças com TDAH e o envolvimento dos pais na vida social das crianças. Duas hipóteses-explicativas principais envolveram a interpretação dos resultados: pais alheios às relações sociais dos filhos e crianças com TDAH com um viés positivo acerca de suas amizades. Aliado a isso, ponderou-se sobre uma tendência dos pais de compreender a amizade desde uma visão adultocêntrica.
Libido e angústia: economia de gozo na obesidade
Authors: Seixas Cristiane Marques , Balbi Letícia Martins
Published: July 2013

Considerando os impasses que se apresentam na clínica psicanalítica com pacientes ditos obesos, procuraremos explicitar a articulação entre a imagem de si e o corpo próprio, situando-os em relação à economia libidinal do sujeito. Nesse sentido, partindo das considerações freudianas acerca do narcisismo, tomaremos os desdobramentos do esquema óptico ao longo da teoria lacaniana para delimitar em que medida a estruturação do eu comporta um resto libidinal que não se projeta na imagem especular. Acompanharemos o ensino de Lacan no que diz respeito ao entrelaçamento das funções do eu ideal e do ideal do eu para analisar a função que o corpo obeso desempenha para aqueles que se queixam do excesso de peso.
Os desafios para a implantação da política de Saúde do Trabalhador no SUS: o caso da região de Franca-SP
Authors: Lourenço Edvânia Ângela de Souza , Lacaz Francisco Antonio de Castro
Published: July 2013

O artigo oferece subsídios teórico-práticos para a análise da Atenção à Saúde do Trabalhador desenvolvida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A partir de um lócus determinado, a região de Franca, interior do Estado de São Paulo, busca-se identificar os desafios da implantação da política de saúde do trabalhador frente às especificidades da relação trabalho e saúde na agroindústria canavieira. Toma como referência entrevistas coletivas realizadas com trabalhadores da saúde, especificamente os fiscais sanitários e os interlocutores em saúde do trabalhador. Como resultado, verifica-se a necessidade de maior preparação técnica para os profissionais desenvolverem as ações de saúde do trabalhador e maior integração entre os serviços, sobretudo no que diz respeito às notificações dos agravos e às ações de vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador.
Por uma política para a saúde do trabalhador não assalariado: o caso dos pescadores artesanais e das marisqueiras
Authors: Pena Paulo Gilvane Lopes , Martins Vera , Rego Rita Franco
Published: July 2013

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil não tem garantido o direito universal à saúde do trabalhador das categorias não assalariadas que não dispõem de proteção empregatícia ou suporte institucional típicos do mercado formal de trabalho. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar os riscos e os agravos relacionados ao trabalho de pescadores e marisqueiras artesanais para contribuir com a construção de uma política de saúde do trabalhador não assalariado. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com metodologia qualitativa e abordagens etnográfica, ergonômica e de vigilância em saúde. O estudo foi realizado em comunidades de pescadores artesanais e marisqueiras, durante o período de 2005 a 2010. Os resultados evidenciaram: sobrecarga ergonômica condicionada por exposição a riscos variados; precárias condições de vida; invisibilidade dos acidentes e das doenças do trabalho, como lesões por esforço repetitivo; inexistência de ações de prevenção e de assistência à saúde; e a importância dos saberes tradicionais na organização do trabalho na pesca artesanal. O SUS e a Rede Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador poderiam assegurar ações de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, realização de exames médicos ocupacionais e melhoria do reconhecimento das doenças do trabalho, garantindo a inclusão do direito à saúde do trabalhador às categorias artesanais e não assalariadas.
A experiência do Observatório de Saúde do Trabalhador (Observatoriost) no Brasil
Authors: Siqueira Carlos Eduardo , Pedra Francisco , Corrêa Filho Heleno Rodrigues , Maeno Maria , Castro Hermano Albuquerque de
Published: July 2013

Antecedentes históricos apontam a mobilização sindical e de pesquisadores para criar um Observatório de Saúde do Trabalhador (OST) que permitisse oferecer informações com credibilidade e subsidiar a defesa da saúde. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de rever e analisar os antecedentes internacionais e brasileiros da mobilização de sindicatos, centros de estudos sindicais e intersindicais e pesquisadores de instituições do setor que criaram um observatório presencial e virtual para comunicação e repositório de informações científicas. Foram utilizados métodos de intervenção e observação participantes e levantamento documental. O relato parte de iniciativas de superação das políticas neoliberais. Tais iniciativas impulsionaram a criação do Observatoriost em 2010 e o mantiveram ativo até 2013 compilando documentos, relatos de imprensa e agendas sindicais. O observatório foi conduzido em cogestão com seis centrais sindicais por meio do Comitê Editorial das centrais que respeitou a diversidade e a autonomia dos atores envolvidos. A coordenação rotativa do portal pelo comitê evidenciou a maturidade política e sua articulação. Os principais desafios postos para a continuação da iniciativa foram de integrar e formar pesquisadores e profissionais comprometidos organicamente com os trabalhadores na luta pela defesa da vida e saúde.
Knowledge of educators and dieticians on food and nutrition education in the school environment
Authors: Albuquerque Alicinez Guerra , Pontes Cleide Maria , Osório Mônica Maria
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to reveal the expertise of educators and dieticians on food and nutrition education in the school environment. METHODS: This study used a qualitative approach developed jointly by the Department of Education of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and a school in that state. The participants were seven teaching technicians, eight teachers, and thirteen dieticians. The information was collected by interview and submitted to thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Six themes emerged from the participants' statements: food and nutrition education as a guideline for eating correctly; the purpose of food and nutrition education as an instrument for promoting healthy eating habits; the school as a promoter and empowering environment for food and nutrition education; food and nutrition education as a pedagogical practice focused on the reality of students' eating habits; school agents' assignments and partnerships for food and nutrition education; lack of knowledge in the practice of food and nutrition education. CONCLUSION: The participants' knowledge on food and nutrition education is dichotomous, at times permeated by biological aspects, at other times by the social context. Although there are gaps in the knowledge of the subject, educators and dieticians consider themselves partners for the provision of food and nutrition education in school.
Análise crítica do discurso em dois textos penais sobre a Lei Maria da Penha
Authors: Freitas Lúcia
Published: July 2013

Neste trabalho, aplico uma análise linguístico-discursiva a dois textos judiciais: 1) um "pedido de reconsideração" de um promotor feito a um juiz; 2) a "decisão" do juiz em resposta ao promotor. Os dois textos fazem parte do corpus de um estudo maior financiado pelo edital MCT/CNPq/SPM-PR/MDA nº. 57/2008 CNPq que analisou 25 processos (cerca de 200 documentos jurídicos) enquadrados na Lei Maria da Penha. O viés teórico-analítico baseia-se na Análise de Discurso Crítica (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003), uma forma de pesquisa que situa material linguístico-discursivo em práticas sociais e focaliza-o dentro de estruturas sociopolíticas mais abrangentes de poder. Nessa linha de estudo é fundamental a noção de que significado linguístico e ideologia são entidades inseparáveis e mutuamente dependentes da estrutura social, estando ambas impressas na própria estrutura textual. Nessa direção, o trabalho se concentra nos modos de operação da ideologia nos textos que revelam as constituições subjetivas dos operadores do Direito e suas intenções. Alguns focos analíticos recaem sobre os arranjos linguísticos usados na representação de atores sociais, recursos avaliativos, as estratégias de proteção de face e polidez. Os resultados discutem criticamente os fundamentos básicos que orientam a cultura jurídica, como "igualdade de direitos", "consenso", "objetividade", "neutralidade" e "transparência".
Efeitos metafóricos e graus de presença da enunciação no enunciado
Authors: Saraiva José Américo Bezerra , Leite Ricardo Lopes
Published: July 2013

Este artigo assume como referencial teórico os postulados da Semiótica Discursiva, mormente na sua versão Tensiva (FONTANILLE; ZILBERBERG, 2001; FONTANILLE, 1998), que concebe o discurso como um campo de presença dotado de um centro sensível e de horizontes a partir dos quais as grandezas semióticas são moduladas em termos de presença e ausência, ou seja, um campo no qual as grandezas se tonificam ou se atonizam em relação a uma instância de natureza proprioceptiva. Nosso objetivo é analisar três notas jornalísticas com o propósito de acompanhar as modulações da presença da enunciação no enunciado. Supomos inicialmente que estas modulações promovem a tensão entre isotopias concorrentes, repercutem no grau de sua profundidade e, nestas notas, especificamente, geram um efeito metafórico graduável em termos de modo de existência semiótica. Os exemplos analisados mostram a necessidade de adotar um tratamento mais complexo para as relações entre enunciação e enunciado, sobretudo se quisermos levar em consideração a tensão entre estas duas instâncias, sempre regulada pelos modos de existência semiótica.
A concordância verbal no português europeu: variação e preenchimento do sujeito
Authors: Carvalho Gislaine Aparecida de
Published: July 2013

Este artigo discute a correlação entre sujeito nulo e caráter forte da flexão verbal. À luz dos ensinamentos da Proposta Teórico-metodológica da Variação e Mudança Linguística, de linha laboviana, a análise da realização do sujeito no português europeu, em um corpus de língua falada, mostra que essa correlação existe, mas não é necessária: (i) há significativos percentuais de sujeitos preenchidos em estruturas, cuja morfologia verbal é suficientemente marcada para identificar a pessoa gramatical; (ii) a não concordância afeta negativamente o uso do sujeito nulo, notadamente com a forma pronominal a gente, cuja morfologia verbal apresenta, em algumas localidades do território português, três diferentes flexões: 1ª pessoa do plural, 3ª pessoa do singular e 3ª pessoa do plural. Além do expressivo índice de sujeitos preenchidos, há casos - ainda que não muito expressivos, mas não menos importantes - de não aplicação da regra de concordância com sujeitos antepostos, fato que contraria os contextos de variação previstos para o português europeu.