bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics based modeling of wheeled platform for humanoid robot torso
Authors: Petrovic Vladimir , Jovanovic Kosta , Potkonjak Veljko
Published: November 2016

From the ancient mythology till the modern times, people were trying to build
an artificial mechanical replica of themselves. Inspired by this long
tradition of various engineering projects, we will hereby describe a partly
humanoid robotic structure. Our robotic configuration is composed out of an
anthropomimetic upper body, but instead of legs it uses a wheeled cart for
the motion. In our research, this so-called semi-anthropomimetic structure
has a four-wheeled cart. This work is aiming to analyze the behaviour of the
robot that is exposed to different kind of external disturbances.
Disturbances coming from the outside in the form of external forces (impulse
and long term) simulate the interactions of the robot and its ambience.
Necessary simulations were thoroughly executed (in that way analyzing robotic
balance) and proper size of the cart is evaluated following the ZMP
theoretical background.
Implementation of DNSSEC-secured name servers for ni.rs zone and best practices
Authors: Antic Djordje , Veinovic Mladen
Published: November 2016

As a backbone of all communications over the Internet, DNS (Domain Name
System) is crucial for all entities that need to be visible and provide
services outside their internal networks. Public administration is a prime
example for various services that have to be provided to citizens. This
manuscript presents one possible approach, implemented in the administration
of the City of Nis, for improving the robustness and resilience of external
domain space, as well as securing it with DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions).
Cluster analysis of knowledge sources in standardized electrical engineering subfields
Authors: Blagojevic Marija , Micic Zivadin , Vujicic Momcilo
Published: November 2016

The paper presents a cluster analysis of innovation of knowledge sources
based on the standards in the field of Electrical Engineering. Both local
(SRPS) and global (ISO) knowledge sources have been analysed with the aim of
innovating a Knowledge Base (KB). The results presented indicate a
means/possibility of grouping the subfields within a cluster. They also point
to a trend or intensity of knowledge source innovation for the purpose of
innovating the KB that accompanies innovations. The study provides the
possibility of predicting necessary financial resources in the forthcoming
period by means of original mathematical relations. Furthermore, the cluster
analysis facilitates the comparison of the innovation intensity in this and
other (sub)fields. Future work relates to the monitoring of the knowledge
source innovation by means of KB engineering and improvement of the
methodology of prediction using neural networks.
Changes in maximal oxygen uptake during growth and development in girls who actively participate in basketball and in non-athletes girls: A longitudinal study
Authors: Stojmenovic Tamara , Curcic Djordje , Vukasinovic-Vesic Milica , Andjelkovic Marija , Dikic Nenad , Kostic-Vucicevic Marija , Baralic Ivana , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Zivkovic Vladimir
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. It is well known that continuous engagement in physical activity is important for normal growth and development of children. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), as a measure of functional state of the organism, is largely affected by level of physical activity, but it remains unclear to what extent it can be improved during childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate dynamics of changes in aerobic capacity, anthropometric and body composition characteristics in active and non-active girls over a period of 3 years. Methods. A total of 48 young girls were included in the study. Girls were divided into 2 groups: training group consisted of 25 girls who played basketball (age 13.84 ? 0.94) and non-training group of 23 girls who were not involved in any organized sports (age 13.83 ? 0.98). Anthropometric and body composition characteristics were measured in order to monitor somatic growth during the study. VO2maxvalues were obtained by performing cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill. All parameters were measured every 6 months during 3-years period. Results. ANOVA analysis showed a significant time and group interaction effect on VO2max (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and fat percentage (FAT%) (p < 0.01). Also, there was an obvious increase in VO2max within both groups due to growth and development itself (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The main finding of the study was an increase in VO2max due to growth and development. The girls who actively participated in basketball had higher level of aerobic capacity compared to non-active girls. Furthermore, continuous basketball training led to maintaining normal body composition in terms of FAT% and BMI, which altogether may imply that organized physical activity has a positive influence on evaluated characteristics.
The relationship between tacrolimus concentration-dose ratio and genetic polymorphism in patients subjected to renal transplantation
Authors: Rancic Nemanja , Vavic Neven , Cikota-Aleksic Bojana , Magic Zvonko , Mikov Momir , Bokonjic Dubravko , Segrt Zoran , Dragojevic-Simic Viktorija
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Tacrolimus concentration-dose ratio as a potential therapeutic drug monitoring strategy was suggested to be used for the patients subjected to renal transplantation. The aim of this study was examining the relationship between tacrolimus concentration-dose ratio, suggested to be used as a therapeutic drug monitoring strategy and the polymorphisms of genes encoding the most important enzymes, such as CYP3A5 and CYP3A4, as well as the transporter P-glycoprotein, for its metabolism and elimination. Methods. The study was designed as a prospective case series study, in which the unit of monitoring was the outpatient examination of 54 patients subjected to renal transplantation. Genotyping was performed by 7500 Real- Time PCR System by assessing allelic discrimination based on TaqMan? methodology. Results. Patients (n = 13) who were treated with less than 2 mg of tacrolimus/day (0.024 ? 0.006 mg/kg/day) had the tacrolimus concentration-dose ratio larger than 150 ng/mL/mg/kg. In this group, 84.62% patients had CYP3?5 *3*3 allele. All of these patients had CYP3?4 *1*1/*1*1B allele. Regarding ABCB1 C3435T gene, 30.77% of patients had the TT gene variant, while 69.23% of our patients had CC and CT gene variants. Conclusion. Tacrolimus concentration-dose ratio greater than 150 ng/mL/mg/kg is cut-off value in patients subjected to renal transplantation which might point to patients who are poor CYP3A5 metabolizers and/or with dysfunctional P-glycoprotein.
Is surgical treatment necessary in all hydronephrotic kidney allografts?
Authors: Topuzovic Cedomir , Radovanovic Milan , Pejcic Tomislav
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. The management of kidney graft hydronephrosis (KGH) is usually surgical, although some cases require expectant management and follow-up. The aim of the study was to discuss the criteria for expectant management or immediate surgical intervention in the series of patients with KGH. Methods. The paper is based on a retrospective study of 42 patients with KGH. The patients underwent kidney transplantation from January 2007 to December 2012. There were 19 cadaveric donor recipients and 23 living donor recipients. The average follow-up was 15,2 (range 12?21) months. The average recipient`s age was 41,6 years. In every case study, the diagnosis of graft hydronephrosis was established using abdominal ultrasonography. The degree of hydronephrosis was estimated on the basis of measuring the maximal diameter of the pelvicalyceal dilatation (PD). Results. There were no patients with graft failure after the period during which they were under medical observation. Hydronephrosis resolved completely in six (14%) patients. The median maximal PD was 28 ? 9 (range 14 ?38) mm and the median last PD was 23 ? 11 (range 0? 35) mm and they did not differ significantly (p = 0.23). The last serum creatinine was significantly lower than the maximal creatinine value (p < 0.05). In twelve (29%) patients renal function normalized. Renal function remained stable during the period of medical observation. At the end of the follow-up, all patients had sterile urine culture. Conclusion. The traditional doctrine, according to which KGH represents an absolute indication for surgery, can be debated; the majority of the patients observed require just active surveillance. Prompt surgical correction is recommended only in cases with increasing pelvicalyceal dilatation and the development of symptoms, progressively decreasing renal function or recurrent urinary tract infection.
Risk factors for catheter-related infections in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Knezevic Violeta , Djurdjevic-Mirkovic Tatjana , Bozic Dusan , Strazmester-Majstorovic Gordana , Mitic Igor , Gvozdenovic Ljiljana
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Catheter-related infections are a significant morbidity and mortality cause in patients on hemodialysis. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, to analyze risk factors and to identify etiological causes of catheter-related infections in these patients. Methods. The study was carried out at the Clinic for Nephrology and Clinical Immunology of the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, from August, 2012 to May, 2015. One hundred and thirteen patients on chronic hemodialysis participated in the study. The risk factors of catheterrelated infections in the infected patients were to those in the control group, as follows: demographic and laboratory parameters, co-morbidities and the use of immunosuppressive therapy, the length of hemodialysis treatment, urgent catheter placement, the position and placement difficulties, the number of insertions and catheter maneuvering, the existence of permanent vascular access in maturation or without a vascular access in the course of catheter positioning, catheter life, surgical procedures (? 30 days from catheter placing), the length of hospitalization and isolated infection causes. Results. One hundred and ninety-seven catheters were placed in 113 patients, among which 182 of them temporary. The total number of catheter days was 17.842, the incidence of infections was 3.53/1,000 catheter days. During the monitoring period, 63 catheter-related infections were diagnosed, 54 (85.7%) with temporary and 9 (14.3%) with permanent catheters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (with border values/ levels determined by receiver operating characteristic ? ROC analysis) determined independent predictors of catheter-related infections in the following order: hemoglobin levels < 95 g/l (p < 0.001) and albumin levels < 33 g/l (p = 0.041), catheter duration of > 90 days (p = 0.004), > 2/day catheter maneuvering (p = 0.011) and the duration of hospitalization of > 15 days (p = 0.003). The main pathogen was Staphylococcus spp. Coagulase negative. Conclusion. Intensifying of prevention measures and infection control would significantly reduce the frequency of catheter-related infections and the number of hospitalizations. The timely creation of a native arteriovenous fistula would decrease the use of hemodialysis catheters.
Breath holding index in episodic primary headaches
Authors: Podgorac Ana , Petrusic Igor , Radojicic Aleksandra , Zidverc-Trajkovic Jasna
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Examination of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with primary headaches is focused mainly on migraine, while the smaller number of studies deals with tensiontype and cluster headache, or comparison of cerebral haemodynamic in migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). In this study, we hypothesized that cerebrovascular reactivity differs among different types of episodic primary headaches. In order to prove that we aimed to compare the interictal cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with the episodic form of the three most common types of primary headaches using the breath holding test. Methods. Examination was performed in 243 patients, 100 migraineurs with aura (group I), 70 migraineurs without aura (group II), 38 patients with episodic tension-type headache (group III), 35 patients with episodic form of cluster headache (group IV) and 35 healthy controls (group V). The Doppler instrument was used for transcranial doppler (TCD) sonography and breath-holding test performance. Blood flow mean velocities (MV), pulsatility indices (PI) and breath-holding index (BHI) for middle cerebral artery among these groups were analyzed. Results. The mean velocities and pulsatility indices were not different in 4 groups of headache patients and controls. The BHI was found to be significantly greater in the migraineurs with aura (1.668 ? 0.269) compared with the patients with migraineurs without aura (1.411 ? 0.358, p = 0.005), tension type headache (1.401 ? 0.428, p = 0.035), cluster headache (1.203 ? 0.311, p < 0.01) and controls (1.195 ? 0.269, p < 0.01) showing an exaggerated reactivity to hypercapnia in patients with migraine with aura. Conclusion. In conclusion, our finding support the literature data that increased cerebrovascular reactivity is a feature of migraine with aura. Result of unchanged cerebrovascular reactivity in migraine without aura, cluster headache and tension-type headache is expected, still, it is possible that in future, using different technique, we will be able to put more light on vascular changes that are following different headache disorders.
Surgical treatment of the lower leg open fracture with lesions of the main blood vessels. A case report
Authors: Stojiljkovic Predrag , Jovanovic Milan , Golubovic Ivan , Radovanovic Zoran , Stevanovic Goran , Golubovic Ivana , Djordjevic Dusan , Mitic Aleksandar , Milijic Svetlana , Golubovic Zoran
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Open fractures of the lower leg degree IIIC by Gustilo belong to the most serious open fractures of the lower leg segment.These fractures are, along with the main blood vessels damage, often followed by a severe soft-tissue damage of the lower leg. Case report. Patient 20 years old, sustained a severe open fracture of the left lower leg in a car accident, with the disruption of the continuity of the main left lower leg arteries. After clinical examination and radiography (X-ray) diagnosis, the primary treatment of the open fracture fragment wound, reposition of the left lower leg and stabilization of the open fractures by the external skeletal fixator were performed. In the postoperative period, there was a manifestation of acute ischemia of the left foot. Arteriography verified discontinuity of all three crural arteries at the level of the fracture line. The patient was immediately surgically treated. Revascularization of the extremities was performed by reconstruction of the anterior tibial artery by 15 centimeters long saphenous graft interposition with creation of distal anastomosis at the level of the dorsal artery of the foot. Large soft tissue defect and reconstructed vessels were covered with transpositional fasciocutaneous flap. The postoperative course was accompanied by proper graft flow. Control X-ray examination verified fracture of the distal pin of external skeletal fixator with the healing of fractures of the tibia with angular deformity. The external fixator was removed, except for the residual part of the pin in the distal part of the lower leg. During the control examination after completion of the treatment, the patient walked without mobility aid. Conclusion. External skeletal fracture fixation, damaged blood vessels reconstruction and early covering of the soft-tissue shin defect are basic elements in saving the injured limb. The long term goal of treatment of open lower leg fractures with an injury of the main blood vessels is to allow patients return to usual daily activities and professional work.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of the posterior knee instability
Authors: Glisic Miodrag , Blagojevic Zoran , Stevanovic Vladan , Ristic Branko , Matic Aleksandar
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Posterior cruciate ligament is the primary stabilizer of the posterior tibia translation and secondary stabilizer of external tibial rotation as well as varus, valgus knee angulation. It is the strongest ligament in the knee that hurts the rarest. The aim of this study was to show the indications for surgery, present the surgical technique and give results of surgical treatment of posterior knee instability. Methods. The study icluded 12 patients who were tretaed surgically for posterior knee instabilility at the Institute for Orthopaedic Surgery ?Banjica?, Belgrade, in the period from 1st January 2010 to 1st January 2014. All of them had arthroscopically assisted anatomic reconstruction of posterior crucuate ligament done with 4-strand hamstring tendon graft. Postoperative follow-up lasted approximately 42 months and Lysholm values and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score were compared as well as the clinical status. Results. All treated patients had Grade III of posterior instability. Combined injuries of the posterolateral corner and anterior cruciat ligament (75%) were very frequent. Preoperative mean value of Lysholm score was 45.92 and postoperative 85.92 what was statistically significant improvement, the same as subjective IKDC score whose mean value was 38.58 preoperatively and 89.75 after the surgery and rehabilitation. Clinical examination showed better posterior knee stability although in 50% of patients certain level of instability remains. Conclusion. Arthroscopic reconstruction with 4-strand hamstring tendon gives satisfactory result with posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The result of subjective feeling of patient is much better then objective clinical examination. Although surgical procedure is technically demanding, with physically active patients having grade III of posterior instability it provides better result than non-surgical treatment.
Quality of life in patients early after surgery
Authors: Krivokapic Zarko , Stojanovic Goran , Terzic Negra , Jovcic Ljiljana , Miljanovic Gora , Bojovic Jaroslav , Jankovic Slobodan
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Quality of life in patients early after elective surgery is related to postoperative pain and recovery rate. The aim of this study was to compare immediate preoperative and early postoperative quality of life after three common elective surgical interventions in hospital settings. Methods. Population of this prospective cohort study included patients who underwent one of the three surgical interventions: elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 40), open inguinal hernia repair (n = 40) or excision of pilonidal sinus (n = 40). Primary outcome of the study was quality of life measured once-daily, starting from the day before surgery, and then each postoperative day. It was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and by Serbian translation of short questionnaire on quality of life developed by World Health Organization. Results. Postoperative quality of life dropped to the lowest level on the first postoperative day, regardless of the type of surgery. The drop was the most pronounced in physical and psychological aspects of quality of life (e.g. after cholecystectomy from 15.4 ? 2.5 to 12.5 ? 2.0, and from 15.9 ? 2.0 to 14.9 ? 2.1, respectively) while social and environmental aspects were the least affected by the surgery (e.g., after excision of pilonidal sinus from 16.3 ? 2.6 to 15.7 ? 2.1, and from 14.3 ? 2.6 to 14.1 ? 2.2, respectively). Quality of life was rapidly restored on the second postoperative day, and on the last day before discharge of the patient from hospital it surpasses preoperative level (e.g., after open inguinal hernia repair from 14.6 ? 3.6 to 15.2 ? 3.0. Conclusions. Minor elective surgical interventions are associated with only moderate (less than 25%) and short (one day) immediate postoperative decrease in quality of life, which is followed by increase on discharge from hospital to the levels, higher than preoperative one.
Hygienic Performance of Commercial Dishwashers with Water-Change System – An Experimental Study
Authors: Kerschgens Svenja , Artelt Janina , Brychcy Karolina Anna , von Esmarch-Rummler Britta , Stamminger Rainer
Published: November 2016

Commercial dishwashers are used in community facilities such as hospitals, refectories, nursing homes or food services. In this area, kitchen and food hygiene is of great importance to ensure consumer health. The aim of this study was to verify the hygienic performance of commercial dishwashers with a water-change system by use of bioindicators. This test method is described in DIN SPEC 10534. Micrococcus luteus was used as the test germ instead of Enterococcus faecium as it imposes no pathogenic risk. Micrococcus luteus was identified in initial studies as an appropriate test germ for hygiene studies. Cleaning and rinsing temperatures and holding time of the cleaning program were varied. High rinsing temperature with a constant cleaning temperature and high cleaning temperatures with a constant rinsing temperature led to a reduction of the viable cell count. Increasing the cleaning temperature resulted in a higher decrease of the viable cell count than increasing the rinsing temperature.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Laundry Detergents with Regard to Time and Temperature in Domestic Washing Machines
Authors: Honisch Marlitt , Brands Britta , Weide Mirko , Speckmann Horst-Dieter , Stamminger Rainer , Bockmühl Dirk P.
Published: November 2016

In times of low-temperature washing, laundry hygiene gains importance, as microbial contaminations on textiles can cause infection transmission and malodour formation. This study systematically investigated the antimicrobial effect of laundry detergents (solid and liquid market detergents) with regard to time and temperature in domestic washing machines. To evaluate the microbial reduction, cotton swatches contaminated withStaph. aureus, Ent. hirae, Ps. aeruginosa, C. albicansandT. mentagrophyteswere washed at 20 to 60 °C, varying the washing time, with and without detergent. All tested washing factors affected the antimicrobial effect of to a varying extend, depending on the germ. The used solid market detergent containing activated oxygen bleach provided a way to achieve high microbial reductions in low temperature washing.
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Formed in Aqueous Lecithin Solutions with IPM and AEO20 Additives
Authors: Ma Xuebin , Ye Zhiwen , Wang Zhongni
Published: November 2016

The phase behavior and rheological properties of a lyotropic liquid crystal formed in the lecithin/AEO20/IPM/H2O system were investigated by means of phase diagram, polarized optical microscopy and rheology techniques at 37°C. After adding polyoxyethylene-20-oleyl ether (AEO20) and isopropyl myristate (IPM) to lecithin solutions, an isotropic liquid phase and an anisotropic liquid crystal phase were found. By analyzing the shear viscosity (η
γ=0.1) and yield stress (σ
0), with increase in water content, the η
γ=0.1 and σ
0 increase firstly and then decrease; with increasing IPM content, a decrease in the η
γ=0.1 and σ
0 is observed. Notably, at the relatively higher water content area, the water content has little effect on the η
γ=0.1 and critical stress. When the lecithin/AEO20 mass ratio is 1:2, the liquid crystal phase displays a stronger shear resistance and more stable network structure.
Synergistic Effects in Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Incorporating Hybrid Carbon Nanofillers
Authors: Yuan D. , Pedrazzoli D. , Manas-Zloczower I.
Published: November 2016

In this study thermoplastic polyurethane (TPUs) nanocomposites incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared via melt blending and compression molding and CNT dispersion was optimized by using non-covalent surface modification (surfactant). Filler dispersion was further improved by combining two fillers with different geometric shape and aspect ratio in hybrid filler nanocomposites. Synergistic effects were observed in the TPU-GNP-CNT hybrid composites, especially when combining GNP and CNT at a ratio of 6 : 4, showing higher tensile modulus and strength with respect to the systems incorporating individual CNTs and GNPs at the same overall filler concentration. This improvement was attributed to the interaction between CNTs and GNPs limiting GNP aggregation and bridging adjacent graphene platelets thus forming a more efficient network. Hybrid systems also exhibited improved creep resistance and recovery ability. Morphological analysis carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the hybrid nanocomposite presented slightly smaller and more homogeneous filler aggregates. The well-dispersed nanofillers also favored higher phase separation in TPU, as indicated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), resulting in a better microstructure able to enhance the load transfer and maximize the mechanical and viscoelastic properties.
Polymeric Supports for Controlled Release of Ethylene for Food Industry
Authors: Capozzi L. C. , Bazzano M. , Cavallero M. C. , Barolo C. , Buscaino R. , Ferri A. , Sangermano M. , Vallauri D. , Pisano R.
Published: November 2016

In modern fruit supply chain a common method to trigger ripening is to keep fruits inside special chambers and initiate the ripening process through administration of ethylene. Ethylene is usually administered through cylinders with inadequate control of its final concentration in the chamber. The aim of this study is the development of intelligent polymeric supports able to accurately regulate ethylene concentration in the atmosphere where fruits are preserved. Two different technologies were proposed: a polymeric (PEGDA) film and a polymeric (PLA) bag filled with inclusion complex of ethylene/α-cyclodextrin. The complex was prepared by molecular encapsulation which allows the entrapment of ethylene into the cavity of α-cyclodextrin. After encapsulation, ethylene can be gradually released from the inclusion complex and its release rate can be regulated by temperature and humidity. Intelligent polymeric film was prepared by dispersing inclusion complex into a thin polymeric film produced by UV-curing. Intelligent polymeric bag was made by inserting inclusion complex into heat sealed bag. The kinetics of ethylene release was studied for both systems, showing that it can effectively possible to control the release of ethylene within confined volume. Furthermore, modelling and simulations of ethylene release in a food container were made, demonstrating that it is possible to modulate release rate and, thus, control ripening.
Experimental Test of Tammann's Nuclei Development Approach in Crystallization of Macromolecules
Authors: Zhuravlev E. , Schmelzer J. W. P. , Androsch R. , Schick C.
Published: November 2016

Prediction of the supermolecular structure and with that of properties of crystallizable polymers requires in-depth knowledge about the crystallization behavior, in particular the temperature-dependence of the nucleation kinetics. Typically, at low supercooling of the melt the nucleation rate/nuclei density often is assessed by optical microscopy, through an analysis of the evolution of the spherulitic superstructure. This approach fails if the nuclei density is too high, or if nuclei formation is not followed by growth due to chain-mobility constraints. In such cases, Tammann's two-stage crystal nuclei development method can be applied. It includes the formation of crystal nuclei at high supercooling of the melt, and their detection at higher temperature, after their growth to crystals. Though initially developed for analysis of low molecular mass compounds, this approach has recently also successfully been employed for analysis of the nucleation behavior of polymers, which is demonstrated here on the examples of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA), and poly (∊-caprolactone) (PCL). While in case of PLLA the ability to gain information about isothermal and non-isothermal nucleation is explained, in case of PCL new information about the thermal stability of nuclei is presented. The importance of such analyses in the context of understanding structure formation of polymers at processing-relevant cooling conditions is discussed.
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Fibroin Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yu E. , Zhang J. , Thomson J. A. , Turng L.-S.
Published: November 2016

The demand for small-diameter blood vessel substitutes has been increasing due to a shortage of autograft vessels and problems with thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia with synthetic grafts. In this study, hybrid small-diameter vascular grafts made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and silk fibroin, which possessed a hybrid fibrous structure of an aligned inner layer and a random outer layer, were fabricated by the electrospinning technique using a customized striated collector that generated both aligned and random fibers simultaneously. A methanol post-treatment process induced the transition of fibroin protein conformation from the water-soluble, amorphous, and less ordered structures to the water-insoluble β-sheet structures that possessed robust mechanical properties and relatively slow proteolytic degradation. The methanol post-treatment also created crimped fibers that mimicked the wavy structure of collagen fibers in natural blood vessels. Ultrafine nanofibers and nanowebs were found on the electrospun TPU/fibroin samples, which effectively increased the surface area for cell adhesion and migration. Cyclic circumferential tensile test results showed compatible mechanical properties for grafts made of a soft TPU/fibroin blend compared to human coronary arteries. In addition, cell culture tests with endothelial cells after 6 and 60 days of culture exhibited high cell viability and good biocompatibility of TPU/fibroin grafts, suggesting the potential of applying electrospun TPU/fibroin grafts in vascular tissue engineering.
Ecosystem integrity and policy coherence for development: Tools aimed at achieving balance as the basis for transformative development
Authors: Koff Harlan , Zamora Miguel Equihua , Maganda Carmen , Pérez-Maqueo Octavio
Published: November 2016

If aliens were to look down on planet Earth and observe us, they might be led to believe that the natural state of humanity is crisis. Whether we focus on politics, economics, society or the environment, it seems that crises are perpetuated and possibly even expanded in global affairs. For example, we have recently witnessed war in places such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, expanded flows of refugees and the resulting nativist fears expressed in those countries where they arrive or could potentially arrive, unprecedented global financial crises, the depletion of natural resources and our alleged contribution to deadly disasters (such as Typhoon Haiyan in 2013) through climate change. Borrowing from Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr’s observation of 19th century French politics, we may argue that “the more things change, the more they stay the same.” (http://www.histoire encitations.fr/citations/Karr-plus-ca-change-plus-c-est-la-meme-chose)
Correlation between GH and IGF-1 during treatment for acromegaly
Authors: Oldfield Edward H. , Jane John A. , Thorner Michael O. , Pledger Carrie L. , Sheehan Jason P. , Vance Mary Lee
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

The relationship between growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) in patients with acromegaly as serial levels drop over time after treatment has not been examined previously. Knowledge of this relationship is important to correlate pretreatment levels that best predict response to treatment. To examine the correlation between GH and IGF-1 and IGF-1 z-scores over a wide range of GH levels, the authors examined serial GH and IGF-1 levels at intervals before and after surgery and radiosurgery for acromegaly.

METHODS

This retrospective analysis correlates 414 pairs of GH and IGF-1 values in 93 patients with acromegaly.

RESULTS

Absolute IGF-1 levels increase linearly with GH levels only up to a GH of 4 ng/ml, and with IGF-1 z-scores only to a GH level of 1 ng/ml. Between GH levels of 1 and 10 ng/ml, increases in IGF-1 z-scores relative to changes in GH diminish and then plateau at GH concentrations of about 10 ng/ml. From patient to patient there is a wide range of threshold GH levels beyond which IGF-1 increases are no longer linear, GH levels at which the IGF-1 response plateaus, IGF-1 levels at similar GH values after the IGF-1 response plateaus, and of IGF-1 levels at similar GH levels.

CONCLUSIONS

In acromegaly, although IGF-1 levels represent a combination of the integrated effects of GH secretion and GH action, the tumor produces GH, not IGF-1. Nonlinearity between GH and IGF-1 occurs at GH levels far below those previously recognized. To monitor tumor activity and tumor viability requires measurement of GH levels.
Endoscopic transorbital route to the cavernous sinus through the meningo-orbital band: a descriptive anatomical study
Authors: Dallan Iacopo , Di Somma Alberto , Prats-Galino Alberto , Solari Domenico , Alobid Isam , Turri-Zanoni Mario , Fiacchini Giacomo , Castelnuovo Paolo , Catapano Giuseppe , de Notaris Matteo
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

Exposure of the cavernous sinus is technically challenging. The most common surgical approaches use well-known variations of the standard frontotemporal craniotomy. In this paper the authors describe a novel ventral route that enters the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus through an interdural corridor that includes the removal of the greater sphenoid wing via a purely endoscopic transorbital pathway.

METHODS

Five human cadaveric heads (10 sides) were dissected at the Laboratory of Surgical NeuroAnatomy of the University of Barcelona. To expose the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, a superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital approach was performed and the anterior portion of the greater sphenoid wing was removed. The meningo-orbital band was exposed as the key starting point for revealing the cavernous sinus and its contents in a minimally invasive interdural fashion.

RESULTS

This endoscopic transorbital approach, with partial removal of the greater sphenoid wing followed by a “natural” ventral interdural dissection of the meningo-orbital band, allowed exposure of the entire lateral wall of the cavernous sinus up to the plexiform portion of the trigeminal root and the petrous bone posteriorly and the foramen spinosum, with the middle meningeal artery, laterally.

CONCLUSIONS

The purely endoscopic transorbital approach through the meningo-orbital band provides a direct view of the cavernous sinus through a simple and rapid means of access. Indeed, this interdural pathway lies in the same sagittal plane as the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Advantages include a favorable angle of attack, minimal brain retraction, and the possibility for dissection through the interdural space without entering the neurovascular compartment of the cavernous sinus. Surgical series are needed to demonstrate any clinical advantages and disadvantages of this novel route.
Approximate Solutions of DASs with Nonclassical Boundary Conditions using Novel Reproducing Kernel Algorithm
Authors: Arqub Omar Abu
Published: November 2016

This paper presents novel reproducing kernel algorithm for obtaining the numerical solutions of differential algebraic systems with nonclassical boundary conditions for ordinary differential equations. The representation of the exact and the numerical solutions is given in the W [0, 1] and H [0, 1] inner product spaces. The computation of the required grid points is relying on the Rt ( s) and rt ( s) reproducing kernel functions. An efficient construction is given to obtain the numerical solutions for the systems together with an existence proof of the exact solutions based upon the reproducing kernel theory. Numerical solutions of such nonclassical systems are acquired by interrupting the η-term of the exact solutions. In this approach, numerical examples were analyzed to illustrate the design procedure and confirm the performance of the proposed algorithm in the form of tabulate data and numerical comparisons. Finally, the utilized results show the significant improvement of the algorithm while saving the convergence accuracy and time.
An Arc-search Interior Point Method in the 𝒩−∞ Neighborhood for Symmetric Optimization
Authors: Kheirfam Behrouz
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we propose an arc-search infeasible interior point algorithm for symmetric optimization using the negative infinity neighborhood of the central path. The algorithm searches the optimizers along the ellipses that approximate the entire central path. The convergence of the algorithm is shown for the set of commutative scaling class, which includes some of the most interesting choice of scalings such as xs, sx and the Nesterov-Todd scalings.
An Analysis of the 𝒞 Class of Bent Functions
Authors: Mandal Bimal , Stănică Pantelimon , Gangopadhyay Sugata , Pasalic Enes
Published: November 2016

Two (so-called 𝒞, D) classes of permutation-based bent Boolean functions were introduced by Carlet [4] two decades ago, but without specifying some explicit construction methods for their construction (apart from the subclass 𝒟0). In this article, we look in more detail at the 𝒞 class, and derive some existence and nonexistence results concerning the bent functions in the 𝒞 class for many of the known classes of permutations over 𝔽2 n. Most importantly, the existence results induce generic methods of constructing bent functions in class 𝒞 which possibly do not belong to the completed Maiorana-McFarland class. The question whether the specific permutations and related subspaces we identify in this article indeed give bent functions outside the completed Maiorana-McFarland class remains open.
On Four Types of Multi-Covering Rough Sets
Authors: Zhang Xiawei , Kong Qingzhao
Published: November 2016

The generalization of Pawlak rough sets is one of the most important directions of rough set theory. In this paper, we propose four types of multi-covering rough set (MCRS) models by combining multi-granulation rough sets with covering rough sets. In the first place, We propose two types of optimistic MCRS models and study their corresponding properties, and then propose another two types of the pessimistic MCRS models and study their corresponding properties as well. Finally, the relationships among the four types of MCRS and the interrelationships between the proposed MCRS models and the existing ones listed in [8] are further investigated.
Topological Structure of Relation-based Generalized Rough Sets
Authors: Zhang Yan-Lan , Li Jinjin , Li Changqing
Published: November 2016

Rough set theory is an important tool to deal with vagueness and granularity in information systems. Lower and upper approximation operators are two important basic concepts in the rough set theory. The classical Pawlak rough set approximations is based on equivalence relations and has been extended to relation-based generalized rough set approximations. In this paper, properties of relation-based generalized rough set approximations are examined, and topological properties of relation-based generalized rough set approximations presents. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the relation-based generalized upper (lower) approximation operators to be topological closure (interior) operators are proposed.
Pitch actions that distinguish high scoring teams: Findings from five European football leagues in 2015-16
Authors: Sarkar Sumit , Chakraborty Soumyakanti
Published: November 2016

In order to find the determinants of non-penalty goals scored per match, in association football (soccer), this paper developed a regression model consisting of 8 explanatory variables, based on observations for 98 teams playing in the top tiers of club football in England, Spain, Germany, France and Italy. We started with a framework that considered twenty-one different pitch actions that included both technical and tactical variables. Using data for the 2015-16 football season we narrowed down to the 8 variable model. The paper used a log-linear regression model in order to remove heteroscedasticity. The model estimated the number of non-penalty goals per game with error of less than |0.33| for 93 teams out of 98. For 52 teams the margin of error was less than |0.1|. Shots from penalty box per game, share of shots from goal box in total shots and long pass accuracy were found to have statistically significant positive impact on non-penalty goals scored per game. Share of long passes in total passes and crosses per game have significant negative impact.
Cardioprotective effect of Volvariella volvacea in streptozotocin administered rats
Authors: Punitha Soosaimanickam Carmel , Rajasekaran Muthu
Published: November 2016

The present study examined the cardioprotective role of methanol extract of the edible mushroom Volvariella volvacea against oxidative stress in hyperglycemic rats. Rats divided into 6 groups were administered with nicotinamide and streptozotocin intraperitoneally, except Group I (control). Group II served as diabetic control. Group III was given glibenclamide. Two groups (IV and V) of rats received (200 and 400 mg/kg) mushroom extracts orally for 30 days and Group VI received vitamin E (40 mg/kg). After the treatment period, lipid peroxides, carbonyl end products, advanced glycation end products, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants (vitamin C and E) were assessed in the heart tissues of experimental animals. Glycosylated hemoglobin was estimated in blood. Electrocardiography recordings of the treated groups were also done. The results showed that mushroom extract treatment reduced the lipid peroxides, advanced glycation end products and protein carbonyls significantly and reversed the altered anti-oxidant enzymes, and the vitamins.

Video Clips:

Hemolysate preparation: 2 min 50 sec

Mixing, glycosylated hemoglobin separation and reading absorbance: 3 min 10 sec

 
Oral Films: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mahboob Muhammad Bilal Hassan , Riaz Tehseen , Jamshaid Muhammad , Bashir Irfan , Zulfiqar Saqiba
Published: November 2016

In the late 1970s, rapid disintegrating drug delivery system was developed as an alternative to capsules, tablets and syrups for geriatric and pediatric patients having problems in swallowing. To overcome the need, number of orally disintegrating tablets which disintegrate within one minute in mouth without chewing or drinking water were commercialized. Then later, oral drug delivery technology had been improved from conventional dosage form to modified release dosage form and developed recently rapid disintegrating films rather than oral disintegrating tablets. Oral disintegrating film or strips containing water dissolving polymer retain the dosage form to be quickly hydrated by saliva, adhere to mucosa, and disintegrate within a few seconds, dissolve and releases medication for oro-mucosal absorption when placed in mouth. Oral film technology is the alternative route with first pass metabolism. This review give a comprehensive detail of materials used in ODF, manufacturing process, evaluation tests and marketed products.Mahboob et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2016, 5(12): 111-117http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue12/03.pdf
2014–2015 MULTIPLE OUTBURSTS OF 15P/FINLAY
Authors: Ishiguro Masateru , Kuroda Daisuke , Hanayama Hidekazu , Kwon Yuna Grace , Kim Yoonyoung , Lee Myung Gyoon , Watanabe Makoto , Akitaya Hiroshi , Kawabata Koji , Itoh Ryosuke , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Yoshida Michitoshi , Imai Masataka , Sarugaku Yuki , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Ohta Kouji , Kawai Nobuyuki , Miyaji Takeshi , Fukushima Hideo , Honda Satoshi , Takahashi Jun , Sato Mikiya , Vaubaillon Jeremie J. , Watanabe Jun-ichi
Published: November 2016

Multiple outbursts of a Jupiter-family comet (JFC), 15P/Finlay, occurred from late 2014 to early 2015. We conducted an observation of the comet after the first outburst and subsequently witnessed another outburst on 2015 January 15.6–15.7. The gas, consisting mostly of C2 and CN, and dust particles expanded at speeds of 1110 ± 180 m s−1 and 570 ± 40 m s−1 at a heliocentric distance of 1.0 au. We estimated the maximum ratio of solar radiation pressure with respect to the solar gravity β
max = 1.6 ± 0.2, which is consistent with porous dust particles composed of silicates and organics. We found that 108–109 kg of dust particles (assumed to be 0.3 μm–1 mm) were ejected through each outburst. Although the total mass is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the 17P/Holmes event observed in 2007, the kinetic energy per unit mass (104 J kg−1) is equivalent to the estimated values of 17P/Holmes and 332P/2010 V1 (Ikeya–Murakami), suggesting that the outbursts were caused by a similar physical mechanism. From a survey of cometary outbursts on the basis of voluntary reports, we conjecture that 15P/Finlay-class outbursts occur >1.5 times annually and inject dust particles from JFCs and Encke-type comets into interplanetary space at a rate of ∼10 kg s−1 or more.
ON THE RR LYRAE STARS IN GLOBULARS. IV. ω CENTAURI OPTICAL UBVRI PHOTOMETRY*
Authors: Braga V. F. , Stetson P. B. , Bono G. , Dall’Ora M. , Ferraro I. , Fiorentino G. , Freyhammer L. M. , Iannicola G. , Marengo M. , Neeley J. , Valenti E. , Buonanno R. , Calamida A. , Castellani M. , da Silva R. , Degl’Innocenti S. , Di Cecco A. , Fabrizio M. , Freedman W. L. , Giuffrida G. , Lub J. , Madore B. F. , Marconi M. , Marinoni S. , Matsunaga N. , Monelli M. , Persson S. E. , Piersimoni A. M. , Pietrinferni A. , Prada-Moroni P. , Pulone L. , Stellingwerf R. , Tognelli E. , Walker A. R.
Published: November 2016

New accurate and homogeneous optical UBVRI photometry has been obtained for variable stars in the Galactic globular cluster ω Cen (NGC 5139). We secured 8202 CCD images covering a time interval of 24 years and a sky area of 84 × 48 arcmin. The current data were complemented with data available in the literature and provided new, homogeneous pulsation parameters (mean magnitudes, luminosity amplitudes, periods) for 187 candidate ω Cen RR Lyrae (RRLs). Among them we have 101 RRc (first overtone) and 85 RRab (fundamental) variables, and a single candidate RRd (double-mode) variable. Candidate Blazhko RRLs show periods and colors that are intermediate between the RRc and RRab variables, suggesting that they are transitional objects. A comparison of the period distribution and the Bailey diagram indicates that RRLs in ω Cen show a long-period tail not present in typical Oosterhoff II (OoII) globulars. The RRLs in dwarf spheroidals and in ultra-faint dwarfs have properties between Oosterhoff intermediate and OoII clusters. Metallicity plays a key role in shaping the above evidence. These findings do not support the hypothesis that ω Cen is the core remnant of a spoiled dwarf galaxy. Using optical period–Wesenheit relations that are reddening-free and minimally dependent on metallicity we find a mean distance to ω Cen of 13.71 ± 0.08 ± 0.01 mag (semi-empirical and theoretical calibrations). Finally, we invert the I-band period–luminosity–metallicity relation to estimate individual RRLs’ metal abundances. The metallicity distribution agrees quite well with spectroscopic and photometric metallicity estimates available in the literature.