bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Civil Aircraft Customer Service Application Based on Augmented Reality Technology
Authors: Yihui Cui , Hongli Sun , Qingmiao Wang , Weixuan Yu , Yuan Liu , Hongchao Wang
Published: January 2021

Civil aircraft customer service mainly includes technical publication support, Aircraft Operations Support, and Aircraft Customer Training. Using Augmented Reality technology to carry out customer service work can effectively improve work efficiency, reduce customer use costs, and shorten aircraft maintenance cycles. This paper makes a preliminary exploration of the application of Augmented Reality technology in civil aircraft customer service work, and gives the application framework of the Augmented Reality civil aircraft customer service system to provide help for the future upgrade of civil aircraft customer service technology.
Analysis of design points of deep learning supported by maker space
Authors: Dai Haoran , Gu Yuanjie
Published: January 2021

The creator zone was a combination of practical meaning and ideas of reform and innovations. It pursued a cultural pattern of sharing, development, innovations, improvement. In the current stage of the education reform, the creator zone always supported students' deep learning and lifelong learning concept training. It constantly broadened the new territory in the students' main consciousness, and combined the classroom resources with the network resources, so that students could understand the knowledge from different angles and layers. Compared with the traditional teaching method, the creator zone education had an undeniable advantage. It could show the status of the student as the main body, stimulate the student's interest in learning, and make the student turn from a passive accepting to an active inquiring person. For this reason, based on the experience of the creator zone education, this article talked about the relationship between the creator zone and the deep learning, and provided a new teaching idea for other teachers.
Research on computer basic teaching in Higher Vocational Education under the background of flipped classroom
Authors: Wu Jie
Published: January 2021

In recent years, flipped classroom appears more and more in the teaching process. Flipped classroom can also be called inverted classroom, which gives students the decisionmaking power of learning and improves the efficiency of classroom. This paper will elaborate and analyze the current situation of computer technology course teaching in Colleges and universities and the application of flipped classroom in teaching. This paper discusses the problems existing in the teaching process of computer technology and education course and how to solve the problems effectively with flipped classroom, so as to promote the improvement of students' performance and teaching level.
Analysis of learning behaviour based on edX open data
Authors: Feng Jian , Zhao Yupeng
Published: January 2021

Since 2012, the continuous development of MOOC has triggered new thinking and research in many aspects, and the massive data it generates provides a foundation for learning behaviour analysis and education data research. edX is a new field of Web education jointly developed by Harvard University and MIT integrating educational resources. Based on the first MOOC open data set released by edX, through the use of data analysis methods, the learners in edX are studied from the three aspects of learner type, learner characteristics, and learner behaviour to show the actual situation of MOOC learning.
Study of the stability for Drug Delivery Models
Authors: Salih Hero W , Nachaoui Abdeljalil
Published: January 2021

In this work, mathematical models of drug delivery are presented. We are particularly interested in studying the stability of these models to release the drug in a polymer matrix and detect its transfer to the overall biological tissue. These results are illustrated on two models. In order to gain protocol treatment, instead of using the optimal control theory, Lyapunov’s stability theorem is used to study the stability of the first nonlinear system. For the second, we proceed by establishing the properties of the equilibrium point (which is strongly related to the stability of the nonlinear system) by modifying the system into a canonical equation and studying the spectrum of its Jacobian matrix to show that the system is stable.
Improvement Strategy to Improve Relay Protection Reliability in Smart Substation
Authors: Li Xuanyi , Li Tiecheng , Li Junqiang , Li Huifeng , Huang Cuiyan
Published: January 2021

Due to the continuous development of science and technology in China, technological innovations have started in various fields. In the background of this era, power companies have begun to build smart grids. As a key link in the construction of power grids, substations will inevitably follow the trend of smart development and become the focus of current power companies. However, relay protection determines whether smart substations can achieve efficient operation. This article analyzes the main points of smart substation relay protection, and draw the improvement strategy of smart substations on relay protection, which includes the protection of the transformer, voltage limit delay, and line protection, thus promoting a healthy development of smart grids in China.
Research on the Cause Analysis and Improvement Measures of Measurement Error Based on Model Forecast
Authors: Ning Li , Haiyang Liu , Yongchao Wang , Qiaoya Li
Published: January 2021

The accuracy of power measurement affects the economic benefits and operating costs of power supply companies, and even affects corporate decision-making. Analyzing the causes of errors in measurement data and making improvements to reduce errors is of great significance to both power companies and users. The article analyzes the causes of power measurement errors, and proposes improvement measures to reduce the errors.
Design of Intelligent Header for Longitudinal Axial Flow Corn Combine Harvester
Authors: Wu Changzhong , Ge Fan , Shang Guangchao , Wang Guitao , Zhao Mingpeng , Wu Liang , Guo Hengshuai
Published: January 2021

The header is the core part of the corn harvester. This time, the main theoretical components of the header are systematically analyzed and designed to provide a basis for the manufacture of the corn harvester. The header part includes a grass divider, a stem pulling rod and a clamping conveyor chain. Stick picking is a key component of the ear picking device of a corn harvester. Therefore, it is very important to study the relationship between the movement state of corn stalks between pick sticks and the structure and movement parameters of ear picking.
Research on Piano Batch Scheduling Method Based on Constraint Model
Authors: Xuan DU , Tian-yi LIAO , Bao-wan LI
Published: January 2021

Research on the batch scheduling problem of piano production, with the goal of optimizing the production cycle, using a two-segment matrix coding method to solve the problems of batch division and sub-batch sorting, combining multicolor sets with genetic algorithms, and proposing a genetic algorithm based on model constraints (MCGA) in order to solve the problem of slow solution speed and low efficiency in batch scheduling problems. And by comparing the production cycle of overall scheduling, equal batch scheduling, and unequal batch scheduling, the experimental results show that non-equal batching has more advantages, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are shown through example simulation.
Research on Transverse Vibration of Hoisting Vertical Rope
Authors: Ma Chi , Song Chunyang , Yao Jiannan , Xiao Xinming , Jiang Yuqiang
Published: January 2021

By analysing the source of vibration of the main rope, and deriving the excitation function of the head sheave and the cage guides, a physical model of the vibration of the main rope is established. The generalized Hamilton principle is used to establish the transverse and longitudinal coupled vibration equation of the main rope. Considering the influence of rigid cage guides and head sheaves excitation on the main rope vibration, the main rope vibration control equation is discretized and solved based on the Galerkin truncation method to obtain the main rope transverse vibration displacement curve. At the same time, the machine vision image matching method is used to realize the measurement of the transverse vibration of the vertical rope, and the pixel coordinates of the target are converted into actual physical coordinates through coordinate conversion, thereby calculating the transverse vibration displacement of the vertical rope. Finally, the results of comparison experiments show that the above matching algorithm has strong practicability for measuring the transverse vibration of the hoisting main rope.
Summary of the performance of CNC turning tool chipbreaker
Authors: Chen Zhimin , Chen Shunqing
Published: January 2021

Most CNC tools have chip breakers, which play a very important role in CNC machining. This article will introduce the development history of the chipbreaker, and classify and summarize the chipbreaker. Then this article starts with the cutting parameters, the geometric parameters of the chip breaker, and the geometric angle of the tool, and analyzes the influence of these factors on chip breaking.by these factors. Subsequently, the performance of the chip breaker is evaluated and the rationality of chip breaking of the chip breaker is analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that the blade geometry is ever-changing. Due to different factors, it is necessary to consider multiple aspects when designing the geometry.
Vibration Analysis of Winding Hoisting System based on ADAMS/Cable
Authors: Ma Chi , Yao Jiannan , Xiao Xinming , Di Xiao , Jiang Yuqiang
Published: January 2021

In order to study the lateral vibration characteristics of the vertical wire rope of the winding hoisting system, a virtual prototype model including drum, wire rope, head sheaves and guides is established by ADAMS/Cable module. Dynamic simulation of winding hoisting process is carried out by external solution with ADAMS/Solver simulation control language. The validity of the model is verified with a winding hoisting test-bed, the dynamic behavior of the hoisting system under variable speed conditions is analyzed, and the lateral vibration law and the influence on the longitudinal vibration of the suspension rope under the speed change are obtained.
First-principles study of β-titanium alloy TiX (X=Al, Ni, Fe) for key parts of automobile engines
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Li
Published: January 2021

As we all know, titanium alloys have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, such as high ductility, rigidity, and density, which are superior to aluminium alloys. However, due to their high price, titanium alloys have not been able to be used in automobile engine bodies, but on small engine components, such as titanium alloys have been well used in connecting rods, valves, engine exhaust systems and fasteners. This article uses a new alloy design concept to design a new beta titanium alloy, hoping that it may be applied to small parts of automobile engines. Based on the density functional theory, the first-principles calculation method was used to study the structure and stability, formation heat, binding energy and elastic properties of TiX (X = Al, Ni, Fe) β titanium alloy. The results show that these types of β titanium are structurally and mechanically stable. By using Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH), the theoretical elastic constants Cij, bulk elastic modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E, Poisson’s ratio υ of these β titanium alloys are further obtained. The ductility and plastic toughness of these kinds of β titanium alloys are analysed, and the β titanium alloy system with excellent comprehensive performance is determined, which also provides a basis for the next element selection of the β titanium alloy system for automobile engines.
Design of Planar Wideband Balun Model
Authors: Zhou Fengdao , Guo Ling , Bai Ranming , Wang Dan
Published: January 2021

In order to meet the practical requirements of the balun structure while improving the output balance and isolation, an improved planar broadband balun model was designed based on Marchand balun. Aiming at the situation that the phase transition speed of the two output terminals is not synchronized due to the input transient transmission of the microstrip line, the method of compensating the microstrip line by loading the ground short-circuit ends of the two couplers is used to adjust the phase speed to synchronization and thereby improve the output balance. At the same time, a single-layer planar structure is used to reduce the vol-ume of the balun structure, and isolation circuits are introduced at the input and output ends to optimize the isolation. Simulation verification based on the model showed that the minimum isolation at the working frequency of 2.969GHz-3.702GHz was reduced to -24.53dB, and the phase imbalance at the output fluctuated between+0.32 °and -0.99 °, and the amplitude unbal-ance degree does not exceed 0.08db. The balance does not exceed -0.08dB. Both output bal-ance and isolation have been significantly improved.
Load simulation analysis of a new erection system based on the gas-assisted drive erecting scheme
Authors: Wu Qipeng , Ma Cong , Li Liang , Yang Minbo
Published: January 2021

To improve the traditional erecting process with lower velocity and smaller power density, a new erection system is designed based on the hybrid drive of gas and electric cylinder, witch could erect quickly without increasing the power of the whole machine. According to the prescribed rotational motion and the rotational differential equation of the erection mechanism, the computational models of the related characteristic parameters in erection process were set up. Taking some parameters of a missile as boundary conditions, the models were simulated in MATLAB, and the parameters were obtained graphically. The results can offer references for the design of a new erection mechanism based on pyrotechnics.
Attitude determination of sanitation sweeper in working process
Authors: Ying-kai Niu , Zhi-jian Su , Yu-zhuang Guo
Published: January 2021

During the working process of the sanitation sweeper, it needs to be parallel to the curb and keep a certain distance to complete the cleaning work, so the driver must observe whether the distance between the side of the vehicle and the curb meets the working requirements at all times while considering the longitudinal driving. This will undoubtedly increase the workload of drivers, but also bring a lot of driving difficulties, easy to drive fatigue, resulting in traffic accidents. In this case, it is necessary to use the auxiliary driving technology to assist the sanitation sweeper driver to complete the cleaning work. Based on the actual working condition of sanitation sweeper, a scheme suitable for judging the attitude of sanitation sweeper is proposed. A line laser assisted vision rangefinder is designed to judge the attitude of sanitation sweeper. This scheme is simple and easy to operate, and the image processing speed is fast, which is suitable for popularization.
Simple fabrication of RGO/TiO2 nanocomposite with homogenous dispersion
Authors: Tao Sun , Xiaojuan Jiang
Published: January 2021

Homogeneous dispersed RGO/TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized using precursors of graphene oxide (GO) and Ti(SO4)2 and reducing agent of urea solvent by situ hydrothermal reduction method. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to characterize the microstructure of RGO/TiO2 nanocomposite, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fieldemission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were used observe the microtopography of RGO/TiO2 nanocomposite. The effect of urea mass ratio on number of TiO2 in RGO/TiO2 nanocomposite was investigated. It is revealed that the TiO2 nanoparticles efficiently disperse on the surface of RGO (reduced graphene oxide) sheets and RGO/TiO2 has close interfacial contact.
Research on Voltage and Current Acquisition from and Feedback Protection of Steam Recycling System of Power Plant Cooling Towers
Authors: Shiguang Li , Luyao Zhou , Zhanming Lu , Yanan Wang , Bo Gui , Kaibin Xu
Published: January 2021

The author introduces a technical method that combines dual-loop acquisition of voltage and current in the high voltage circuit and CPU automatic regulation of frequency duty ratio with high-precision voltage-to-frequency conversion chips. It is proposed to improve the accuracy of voltage and current acquisition from the steam recycling system of power plant cooling towers as well as the real-time performance, and to achieve long-term stable operation of the steam recycling system. Firstly, full wave bridge rectifiers and high voltage resistors are used to rectify high voltage into low voltage and current, which helps solve the problems involving insulation of high-voltage acquisition. Secondly, the overall circuit for voltage and current acquisition and feedback protection is designed according to the control system of the steam recycling system and the pulse frequency counting method. Finally, experimental data of output voltage, current and frequency are obtained through experiments and testing to analyze the accuracy and real-time performance of the overall circuit. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy of voltage and current acquisition and the real-time performance of overvoltage and overcurrent protection in the steam recycling system.
Fitting of Resistance Model of Underwater Electrodes
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Zhang Guoguang , Yang Chong , Jiao Yucheng , Jiang Chunhua
Published: January 2021

This paper measures and analyzes the resistance of a circuit formed by underwater metal electrodes under a low-frequency condition. The conditions for ignoring displacement current and the existence of Ohm’s law are discussed. On this basis, three expressions of resistance are proposed based on the measured data, and the three expressions are analyzed according to their different application emphases. The results show that under partial constraints, the three resistance expressions proposed can accurately calculate the resistance of the circuit formed by underwater metal electrodes.
Analysis of Unsteady Flow Field in Rotating Detonation Turbine Engine
Authors: Ji Bing , Wang Zhiduo , Li Jun
Published: January 2021

The rotating detonation turbine engine is a research hotspot in recent years, but the research is mainly at the phase of theoretical analysis. In this paper, the influence of the circumferentially rotating pulsating flow field on the performance of the turbine is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the uneven turbine inlet flow will increase the working load of the stator vane, but will produce greater flow loss. At the same time, the strength of the channel vortex and the tip leakage vortex inside the rotor is also increasing. The mass flow rate and work efficiency of the turbine decrease with the increase of the unevenness of the flow field.
Design of micro resistance measurement system
Authors: Li Qingrun , Wang Shudong , Chen Yun , Wang Hao , Liu Shen
Published: January 2021

With the continuous progress and development of the electronics industry, the number and types of electronic components are also increasing. As the most widely used device in electronic components, the accuracy of resistors greatly affects the performance of the product. Therefore, we need to design a highly accurate and intelligent micro-resistance measurement system to meet the needs of the current society. This paper designs a micro-resistance measurement system. The system uses ST89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the data processing and control chip, and uses a constant voltage source to provide a stable voltage for the resistance to be measured. The measurement module of this system is based on the RC oscillator circuit, the pulse time is measured by the pulse counting method and then the measured frequency is calculated, because the frequency is a digital quantity that the single-chip microcomputer is relatively easy to identify and process; the selection module is mainly controlled by the 51 single-chip microcomputer. The gears correspond to different non-polar capacitors; LCD1602 displays the value and unit of the measured resistance. And the system uses the C language for software design, at the same time design the corresponding flow chart and write the complete source code for programming; finally, the corresponding physical objects are produced and corresponding debugging is carried out, and the debugging results meet the design requirements of the subject. By comparison, the general measurement methods have the disadvantages of complex calculations, and it is not easy to realize automatic measurement and intelligent. It has been verified that the system adopts these modules to make the test instrument more accurate and intelligent to achieve the required requirements.
Research on Electronic Switch in Ground Automatic Passing Phase System
Authors: Cheng Hao , Xiao Baodi
Published: January 2021

This article mainly designs a new type of ground automatic phase separation device. The electronic switch with thyristor as the component is used to replace the traditional vacuum switch to switch the two-phase voltage when the locomotive passes through the phase separation zone. The conversion time of the two-phase voltage is controlled from 10ms to 40ms by the new ground automatic phase passing device, which is a great improvement compared with the traditional mechanical switch of 300ms. It is verified through simulation experiments that the locomotive conversion time is reasonably shortened, and the overvoltage and impact are reduced when the electronic switch is closed and opened. The rationality and feasibility of the electronic switch are verified.
Optimization research of film cooling structure with fan-sharped hole
Authors: Chen Ping , Wang Zexuan , Qi Tingting , Zuo Ning
Published: January 2021

In order to improve the film cooling efficiency, the fan-shaped film cooling holes are optimized. The length of the straight hole section (Lm), the forward angle(a) and the backward angle (β) were selected as the design variables. The area-averaged film cooling efficiency witin the range of X/D=50 (X is the downstream distance of the hole, D is the hole diameter)was taken as the objective function. The Co-kriging surrogate model was established according to the sample points by Latin Hypercube method and the finite element calculation results by calculating two meshing with different quality. The genetic algorithm was adopted to find the optimal fan-shaped hole structure. Under the condition that blowing ratio is 1.5, the optimized Lm, a and β are 2.6D, 41°, and 14°, respectively, the cooling efficienct increased by 45% compared with the reference structure. The results show that a smaller straight hole section and a larger backward expansion angle can effectively inhibit the generation of kidney-shaped vortex pairs and improve the film cooling efficiency.
Land-based climate change mitigation potentials within the agenda for sustainable development
Authors: Frank Stefan , Gusti Mykola , Havlík Petr , Lauri Pekka , DiFulvio Fulvio , Forsell Nicklas , Hasegawa Tomoko , Krisztin Tamás , Palazzo Amanda , Valin Hugo
Published: January 2021

Even though enormous expectations for greenhouse gas mitigation in the land use sector exist at the same time worries about potential implications for sustainable development have been raised as many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are closely tied to developments in the sector. Here we assess the implications of achieving selected key SDG indicators for Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation, Responsible Consumption and Production, and Life on Land on the land-based climate change mitigation potential. We find that protecting highly biodiverse ecosystems has profound impacts on biomass potentials (−30% at >12 US dollar per gigajoule) while other SDGs mainly affect greenhouse gas abatement potentials. Achieving SDGs delivers synergies with greenhouse gas abatement and may even in the absence of additional mitigation policies allow to realize up to 25% of the expected greenhouse gas abatement from land use required to stay on track with the 1.5 °C target until 2050. Future land use mitigation policies should consider and take advantage of these synergies across SDGs.
Forest disturbance alerts for the Congo Basin using Sentinel-1
Authors: Reiche Johannes , Mullissa Adugna , Slagter Bart , Gou Yaqing , Tsendbazar Nandin-Erdene , Odongo-Braun Christelle , Vollrath Andreas , Weisse Mikaela J , Stolle Fred , Pickens Amy , Donchyts Gennadii , Clinton Nicholas , Gorelick Noel , Herold Martin
Published: January 2021

A humid tropical forest disturbance alert using Sentinel-1 radar data is presented for the Congo Basin. Radar satellite signals can penetrate through clouds, allowing Sentinel-1 to provide gap-free observations for the tropics consistently every 6–12 days at 10 m spatial scale. In the densely cloud covered Congo Basin, this represents a major advantage for the rapid detection of small-scale forest disturbances such as subsistence agriculture and selective logging. Alerts were detected with latest available Sentinel-1 images and results are presented from January 2019 to July 2020. We mapped 4 million disturbance events during this period, totalling 1.4 million ha with nearly 80% of events smaller than 0.5 ha. Monthly distribution of alert totals varied widely across the Congo Basin countries and can be linked to regional differences in wet and dry season cycles, with more forest disturbances in the dry season. Results indicated high user’s and producer’s accuracies and the rapid confirmation of alerts within a few weeks. Our disturbance alerts provide confident detection of events larger than or equal to 0.2 ha but do not include smaller events, which suggests that disturbance rates in the Congo Basin are even higher than presented in this study. The new alert product can help to better study the forest dynamics in the Congo Basin with improved spatial and temporal detail and near real-time detections, and highlights the value of dense Sentinel-1 time series data for large-area tropical forest monitoring. The research contributes to the Global Forest Watch initiative in providing timely and accurate information to support a wide range of stakeholders in sustainable forest management and law enforcement. The alerts are available via the https://www.globalforestwatch.org and http://radd-alert.wur.nl.
Research on the study of the dimensional precision of the parts obtained by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Anghel D C , Rizea A D
Published: January 2021

This article presents research concerning the dimensional accuracy of parts obtained by additive manufacturing, 3D printing. The challenges of additive technology are exposed and also the need to have a vision on the influence of certain technological and geometric parameters on the precision of geometric surfaces. First, a virtual prototype was produced with Catia V5. Then, the virtual prototype was imported by the 3D machine software to obtain the prototyping codes for nine prototypes. The parameters of these prototypes were chosen with the Taguchi method. On the basis of the code obtained with the printer software, the parts have been prototyped, using the Z-ULTRAT material with a ZORTRAX M200 printer. All parts were measured and a database was created. The results were interpreted in order to establish the influence on the dimensional precision for the parts obtained by Additive Manufacturing.
Study of the stator geometry for a Moineau pump
Authors: Baroiu N , Costin G A , Frumușanu G R , Teodor V G , Oancea N
Published: January 2021

Moineau pumps are volumetric pumps with progressive cavities and have an eccentric rotor towards the rotation axis. The eccentric rotor performs a rotational movement towards a stator, usually made of an elastomer moulded in a cylindrical tube. Producing the pump involves knowing the cross-section of the helical rotor model, as well as knowledge of the stator shape as a complex surface, and of the enwrapping of the rotor lobes in their relative movement, in relation to the stator. An analysis for the trilobed helical pump case is proposed, in which, by defining the rotor shape, the stator model can be formed. The two objects, the rotor and the stator are in reciprocal enwrapping movement, as a result of the revolving without sliding movement (rolling) of two circular centrodes, defined in relation to their front sections. The helical surfaces of the rotor and stator are cylindrical helical surfaces.
Study on the application of CAM techniques on CNC lathes with Y axis and driven tools
Authors: Breaz R E , Racz S G , Girjob C E , Tera M
Published: January 2021

CNC lathes with Y axes and driven tools are machine-tools with complex kinematic. Using CAM techniques to program these machines is a cumbersome process and could easily lead to collisions. Collisions may occur not only between tools and workpiece but also between the mobile elements of the CNC lathe. While CAM software package can identify the first type of collisions, for the second type supplementary measures must be taken. This work presents the build of a kinematic model of such a CNC lathe and how can the CAM techniques be improved by using this model.
A review on biomechanics of the hallux valgus pathology and its surgical treatments
Authors: Cofaru N F , Brănescu A H
Published: January 2021

The present paper aims at an interdisciplinary field, regarding biomechanics aspects of the Hallux Valgus, which is a frequent deformity in our days. Owing to the importance of the study theme and the social impact, we consider it very important that the state of the art should be as detailed as possible, due to this condition being frequent in women and older people. The review will target recent research of the biomechanics of the foot, the test subjects being in normal conditions and also patients affected by Hallux valgus deformities; likewise, it will define important geometrical elements, which are required for the engineering approach of the issue. As well, the 3D modelling of the condition will be taken into consideration, beside with the surgical procedures and conservative treatments. Another important aspect covered in the paper is regarding the research and CAE simulations using the FEM, alongside with the work stands developed in this area. The bibliographic research found on the most important journals and databases shall be synthesized and structured in order to highlight the big picture of a specific research regarding a future PhD thesis.
Novel trend in case study of industrial robot programming and production system design using the virtual reality
Authors: Holubek R , Ružarovský R , Velíšek K , Janíček M
Published: January 2021

The current trend of the production systems designing using by industrial robotics aims to reduce deployment time and minimize the value of financial investments. A large number of CAD software of various standards with little shared associativity are currently used for the design of production systems. Pre-production phases are the most demanding time and cost item for designing and programming industrial robots in terms of currently used methods (online and offline programming) at the design stage of new production devices and systems. Especial the new possibilities of using virtual reality in designing manufacturing systems, and the use of non-standard methods for programming of industrial robots in immersive virtual reality environments helps to shorten the pre-production phase of design, time-consuming programming trajectories of industrial robots, as well as tune of collision situations, debugging of robot trajectories and programs, testing and simulation of future production system.
The simplified analysis method of nonlinear buckling and displacement of latticed structure
Authors: Liu S M , Yang W , Han X Q , Meng L X
Published: January 2021

In order to simplify the modeling process of building complex lattice structures by finite element analysis software, a simplified method for nonlinear buckling and deformation analysis of lattice structures based on equivalent inertia moment method is proposed. By comparison with the displacements, the latticed structure is equivalent to a solid structure, and the expression of the equivalent inertia moment of a typical latticed structure is given. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to analyze the buckling problem and the deformation of latticed structure and the equivalent solid structure, furthermore, the load-displacement curves of the actual structure and equivalent model are obtained. The results show that the simplified analysis method of nonlinear buckling and deformation of latticed structure is feasible and can satisfy the needs of engineering design.
Comparison of the roughness of concave cylindrical surfaces machined with spherical milling cutters and toroidal milling cutters
Authors: Osan A , Banica M , Butnar L , Nasui V
Published: January 2021

The paper aims to process the concave cylindrical surfaces. This proposes a comparison between the processing of concave cylindrical surfaces with toroidal milling and the processing of concave cylindrical surfaces with spherical milling. The variable process parameters are the cutting speed, the feed per tooth and the inclination angle between the tool axis and the normal to surface. After processing, the surface with the best roughness is tracked according to the regimes and the tool used. A number of 27 concave cylindrical surfaces machined with toroidal milling cutter and 27 concave cylindrical surfaces machined with spherical head milling are machined. The aim is to measure the arithmetic roughness Ra and the total roughness Rt, these being measured parallel and perpendicular to the direction of advance. In order to confirm the correctness of the measured values, microscopic images with the best surfaces will be captured.
Multi-operative modular tool for cutting and mechanical hardening
Authors: Rosca D M , Folea M
Published: January 2021

It is well known the important role of the tools for mechanical processing in manufacturing within the present context of the rush for profitability and technical optimization for an environmentally friendly industrial production. Modularization of tools is a way to ensure their versatility being at the same time economically advantageous. In this paper, two milling cutters are adapted in order to be used also for surface hardening. The third tool described here is a newly designed modular tool that, according to needs, can be used to perform rough, finish milling or mechanical hardening.
Research on reliable running time of motorized spindle based on health indicator
Authors: Si Z , Fan L , Jia Z , Liu J
Published: January 2021

Motorized spindle is one of the key components of CNC machine tools, and its degradation can be monitored in real time to predict the future reliable running time of motorized spindle, It is of great significance to reduce maintenance support cost and improve equipment stability to provide support for maintenance decision. In this paper, based on the comprehensive health index of motorized spindle and reliable running time forecast method, first of all, through the health indicator as a measure of motorized spindle health status characteristic parameters and characteristic parameters for single and multiple health indicator formula respectively, many characteristic parameters by using the method of sequence relations act and the entropy weight method to achieve the unity of the subjective and objective. Then, after the health factor modification, the comprehensive health indicator formula is obtained. Finally, an exponential model based on time series analysis is established to fit the variation trend of comprehensive health indicator of motorized spindle with time, and the expression of health indicator model is obtained. An example is given to verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method, and a comparative analysis is made with the reliability of references. The final results show that the proposed method in this paper is effective and reasonable. Can achieve the purpose of reliable running time estimation of motorized spindle.
Investigation of an axial hydrokinetic turbine with the CFD program Flow Simulation
Authors: Tuzharov K , Iliev S , Vilag V , Vilag J
Published: January 2021

In the work, the characteristics of a hydrokinetic axial turbine are obtained by numerical CFD modelling. Using the new research tool, Fluid Computational Dynamics, arises the question as to the accuracy of the solution. That’s why for solving the problem, has been used new numerical method “Sliding mesh”, which is included in the “Flow Simulation” soon. Besides, the numerical results for frequency characteristics are compared with the characteristics obtained by modified analytical model. It was found that for both solutions - for the output powersof the turbine, the differ is (5 … 15) % and for the torques of the working shaft the differ is (4…18) %. Because it’s accepted that the analytical solution is more accurate as it is done by a modified classical method, the compliance of the shape and energy performance characteristics is considered to be a numerical model verification obtained by simulation with the Flow Simulation CFD.
Continuous improvement of the quality management system within an automotion company in Romania
Authors: Zerbes M V , Popescu L G , Olteanu M , Olteanu A
Published: January 2021

In this article, the authors present a case study on the methodology used in the process of continuous improvement of the performance of the quality management system, carried out in a company belonging to the field of production of devices and automation systems. To start this process, the internal audit subsystem and the analysis process performed by the management were first streamlined. In order to improve the non-compliant processes, within the quality management system an improvement strategy was established based on the stages of the 6 sigma methodology, namely the DMAIC model. Following the application of the methodology proposed by the authors, improvements of the processes between 44 and 96% were obtained depending on their type.
Moving object detection of assembly components based on improved background subtraction algorithm
Authors: Zhang K , Tong S , Shi H , Yue G , Zhao J
Published: January 2021

In the automatic assembly of mechanical components, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of assembly image acquisition caused by the change of assembly environment. Firstly, the color space is compared and analysed, and histogram equalization is used to preprocess the image to reduce the impact of image brightness on subsequent processing. Then, based on the texture features of the image, an image reconstruction idea from coarse to fine is created, and an image representation method from macro to micro is established to suppress the pseudo texture and noise texture in image processing. On this basis, an adaptive threshold algorithm based on the target distance is proposed to improve the detection accuracy of the assembly target. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the detection accuracy of moving objects in assembly video frames.
Definition, criteria and approaches in designing suspension system with active controls
Authors: Patriawan D A , Irawan H , Noerpamoengkas A , Setyono B , Ismail A Y
Published: January 2021

Comfort and good handling are always a problem in conventional passive suspension systems. The ideal suspension criterion is to have a short time response, have a small amplitude and eliminate the frequency of causes of motion sickness. The system is only obtained with an active suspension system. The active suspension has an actuator that is able to produce a force to reduce the dynamic force of the vehicle. This actuator will be controlled by a PID active control. The test results showed that the active control was able to reduce the amplitude by 18 mm, passes the Sickness motion frequency and can return to the set point in 0.8 seconds.
Vehicle routing problem with simulated annealing using python programming
Authors: Aurachman R. , Baskara D B , Habibie J
Published: January 2021

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) are a type of linear programming problem. This paper tries to explain the completion of VRP using Python Programming with the Simulated Annealing algorithm. Python Programming is used as a tool by utilizing the wealth of packages in python. Python is a popular programming language. Python is easy to learn for beginners. However, there is still no example and guide for solving VRP using simulated annealing in python programming with a process paradigm. This design can be a reference and guide for beginners in dealing with similar problems or the development of existing problems.
Effect of welding methods for different carbon content of ss304 and ss304l materials on the mechanical properties and microstructure
Authors: Setyowati VA , Suheni  , Abdul F , Ariyadi S
Published: January 2021

Austenitic stainless steel types of SS304 and SS304L are most widely used in the industrial manufacturing because it has excellent weldability and corrosion resistance. It is undeniable that welding is one of the common steps in the manufacturing process and repairing damaged equipment. In this study, three different welding methods including TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), and MIG (Metal Inert Gas) are described to compare mechanical properties and morphological analysis. The characterizations were conducted by tensile test, XRD, and Metallography. The results of this study indicate that MIG causes higher tensile strength compared to TIG and SMAW, the highest tensile stress value occurs in SS304 material with MIG welding of 679.64 MPa, while the lowest tensile stress value in SS304L material with SMAW welding of 604.89 MPa. Based on microstructure analysis, Both materials present austenite, ferrite, and Cr carbide phases.
Application of lean manufacturing to improve procurement lead time in the case of the steel industry
Authors: Nugroho M Z P , Hasibuan S , Adiyatna H
Published: January 2021

The steel industry is classified as a strategic industry that supports many industries, due to continuous national development. The steel industry must improve the quality of its production processes in order to increase its competiveness. One factor that supports the stability of the production process is the procurement process. Delays in the procurement process can disrupt the smooth production process. The purpose of this research is to minimize waste in the steel procurement process by using the value stream mapping method. This research begins by making current state mapping of the actual procurement process, then analyzed the activity categories including value added activity and non-value added activity. In the beginning, the total time value added activity is 7488 minutes and total time non value added activity is 12240 minutes. An improvement was made in terms of the negotiation process, document review, and waiting for an offer, the result of the total value added activity is 7488 minutes and non-value added activity is 2160 minutes, so the procurement process initially 41 days became 21 days.
Microwave assisted hydro-distillation (mhd) of citronella oil from lemongrass plants (cymbopogon nardus): effect of distiller size on oil yield
Authors: Ma’sum Z , Altway A , Mahfud M
Published: January 2021

The essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus is widely used in industry, especially medicine and perfume. The microwave assisted method has been successfully applied to a laboratory extraction scale, namely Microwave Hydrodistillation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the distiller capacity to increase the amount of essential oil obtained. The purpose of this study was to increase the scale of the extraction space through hydrodistillation made from microwaves to produce citronella oil with high yield. It was extracted compared to three distillers 1, 2 and 3 L. The feed to solvent ratio marked as F/S was 0.05 - 0.15 g / and microwave power was 400 – 800 W and extraction time 20 – 60 min. The yield obtained slightly decreased with increasing distiller volume for power parameters and F/S ratio. The highest extraction results using the MHD method occurred at 0.5 cm of material size, 800 W of power and 0.05 g / ml of F/S ratio was 1.81%. GC-MS analysis of citronella oil obtained from the dry leaf extract of Cymbopogon nardus showed that the main bioactive composition of citronella oil was citronell, geraniol, and citronellol at 73.76%. Therefore, it makes sense to extract citronella oil from the dried leaves of Cymbopogon nardus by using a larger distiller size.
Cold milling machine productivity analysis for determining operator efficiency values in road maintenance projects
Authors: Choiriyah S , Agusdini T M C , Prasetyo G A
Published: January 2021

In construction work uses various types of heavy equipment to make road construction and maintenance, one of which is Cold Milling Machine. The use of cold milling machine is influenced by the operator efficiency factor in its operation and will have an impact on the productivity of the machine. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity ratio between old and new operators and the number of efficiency factors for cold milling machine operators. The variable reviewed is the result of excavation from the cold milling machine operated by the operator. The research method used is direct observation in the field then the data is processed using t-test analysis. The results of this study are there are differences in skills between operator A and operator B based on the results of the t value (2.846> 1.812) greater than t table. The result of the calculation of the efficiency factor of cold milling machine operators is that by using a comparison of theoretical and actual productivity, it gets a very good category with a value of 0.84 for old operators and for new operators obtains a value of 0.48 which is categorized as less.
The development of software for calculating green open space adequacy to absorb CO2 in Bangkalan city
Authors: Pissera Rosa Canina , Yulfiah
Published: January 2021

Bangkalan Regency, located at the west of Madura Island covering the area 1,260.14 Km2, has developed tremendously in some recent years, particularly in the post-development of Suramadu Bridge. To anticipate detrimental effects on the environment due to Bangkalan Regency improvement, the researchers developed software for calculating total CO2 emissions of vehicles that could be absorbed by Green Open Space (GOS) in this city. The software was developed through Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) based on the results of empirical study upon emission load and total trees calculation required for absorbing emission residue of vehicles. The software yielded from this research was successfully developed as indicated by the appropriateness of results between manual calculation and software one.