bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Health Problems and Healthcare Seeking Behaviour among Power-loom Workers
Authors: Abbas Md Golam , Jishan Tawfika Rahman , Yasmin Shoara , Thamima Ummay , Islam Sinthea , Ameen Muhammad Syeeful , Rahman Md Shafiur
Published: March 2024

Background: Power-looms sector plays a significant role in the economic growth of Bangladesh. Occupational health problem is a burning issue for developing and developed countries whose economies are dependent on labour-intensive industrial sectors, such as the power-loom sector.
Materials &Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the occupational health problems and health care seeking behaviour among 332 power-loom workers working in Sirajganj district, Bangladesh through face-to-face interviews by a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of the power-loom workers was 31.7±10.4 years and a considerable number of participants (28.9%) had no formal education. Most workers (85.5%) were full-time power-loom workers, which is relevant to factors connected to health concerns and healthcare seeking behaviours. The mean working hours were 12.4±3.1 hours, working days were 6.0±0.3 days and 47.9% of the respondents reported feeling stressed while at work. Most of the power-loom workers (91.9%) were dependent on allopathic treatment. Many of the workers (78.3%) believed that their government did not provide a hospital and that NGOs only operated in a limited capacity (16.3%). It was stated that there was no maternity leave or allowance for the 100% female workforce. Presence of emergency measures was available opined by the half of the workers (49.1%). Lower back pain, neck discomfort, and upper back pain were the three most common musculoskeletal conditions, and they were substantially correlated with worker age and working hours.
Conclusion: The study concludes that power-loom workers are prone to develop musculoskeletal problems and strategies need to be developed to limit the problem and to promote their health.
Eastern Med Coll J. July 2023; 8 (2):54-60
Bàn về kết quả thực hiện công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa đất nước theo các mục tiêu phát triển đến năm 2030, tầm nhìn đến 2045
Authors: Trần Thị Vân Hoa , Nguyễn Kế Tuấn , Hồ Sỹ Hùng
Published: March 2024

Hội nghị lần thứ 6 Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng khóa XIII đã ban hành Nghị quyết số 29-NQ/TW năm 2022 về tiếp tục đẩy mạnh công nghiệp hóa (CNH), hiện đại hóa (HĐH) đất nước đến năm 2030 tầm nhìn đến năm 2045 làm rõ hơn các mục tiêu/chỉ tiêu cụ thể cần đạt được đến năm 2030. Bằng phương pháp tổng hợp và sử dụng các dữ liệu thứ cấp từ các báo cáo chính thức đã được công bố, nghiên cứu này tiến hành phân tích, so sánh kết quả đạt được với các mục tiêu đã đặt ra. Nghiên cứu cho thấy một số mục tiêu đã đạt và có khả năng đạt được như trình độ phát triển con người đạt ở mức cao, tuổi thọ trung bình, tỷ trọng lao động còn lại trong nông nghiệp và tỷ trọng công nghiệp chế biến chế tạo trong GDP ngày càng tăng. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu chỉ ra những mục tiêu rất thách thức, khó đạt được như mục tiêu hiệu quả môi trường EPI đạt 55 điểm, tăng MVApc đạt 1000 USD, cải thiện chỉ số đổi mới sáng tạo toàn cầu... Nghiên cứu cũng phân tích 5 nguyên nhân quan trọng khiến khoa học công nghệ và đổi mới sáng tạo chưa trở thành nền tảng quan trọng thúc đẩy CNH, HĐH đất nước thời gian qua như hạn chế về vốn, về nguồn nhân lực chất lượng cao, cơ sở hạ tầng và năng lực khoa học công nghệ nội sinh yếu, thể chế chưa theo kịp yêu cầu phát triển. Dựa vào kết quả nghiên cứu, nhóm tác giả đề xuất 5 nhóm giải pháp định hướng tiếp tục đẩy mạnh CNH, HĐH đất nước trên nền tảng khoa học công nghệ và đổi mới sáng tạo trong thời gian tới.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans Houtt) FRUIT METHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST GROWTH Staphylococus aureus AND Escherichia coli
Authors: Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: March 2024

Nutmeg (Mirystica fragrans Houtt) were one of famous spices comes from North of Mollucas. Nutmeg have many important part of itself for economic value especially it mace and seed but it fruit mostly unusefull. Chemical compounds whithin nutmeg fruit such atsiri oil have a promising component as an antimicrobial compound. The aim of this research were to determine antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibition concentration of nutmeg fruit againts growth of Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli by using metanol as a solvent. The study were conducted at PMIPA FKIP laboratory of Khairun Univercity. This was an experimental research by using completed randomized design which consist of fifteen concentration with three replication. Statistical analizing showed that Fhit Ftab (61,91) for S.aureus whereas 3, 81 for E.coli after Â applyingÂ  methanol Â extractÂ  of nutmegÂ  fruitÂ  for those Â bacterial Â growth,Â  respectively. Neither for minimum inhibition concetration, S.aureus have a low MIC value (8%) than E.coli (10%), respectively). In conclusion extract of nutmeg fruit by using methanol had ability to inhibit the growth of S.aureus dan E.coli with MIC of S.aureus lower than MIC of E.coli.
JUMLAH DAN DISTRIBUSI STOMATA PADA TANAMAN PENGHIJAUAN DI KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Papuangan Nurmaya , . Nurhasanah , Djurumudi Mudmainah
Published: March 2024

Plant can absorb Â pollutan. Â Part of Â plant Â which Â absorb Â the Â pollutan Â were leaf. Plant can use as Â pollotan Â indicator Â such Â plant Â which Â growthÂ  aside Â street.The Â purpose Â of Â this Â studyÂ  were Â to determine the number and distribution of stomatal of plants which grouth aside street at Ternate City. This research was a descriptive study. The data were collecting by couting the number of stomatal and its distribution by using replica and whole mount method. Such plants were used in this study were Ficus benjamina L, Â Callophylum Â inophyllum Â L., Â Acacia crassicarpa, Samanea saman and Arecaceae. The result of this study showed a varies of stomatal number and Â its distribution within five species plants Stomatal number on A. crassicarpa categorited into uncoonting both of Â upper Â adaxial and lower abaxial,Â Â  Â F. benjamina L. had Â stomatal number very high at abaxial side than adaxial side, C. inophyllum L. had stomatal number on adaxial side higher than adaxial side in S. Saman, its stomatal number on adaxial side categorized uncoonting whereas adaxial side were low. The stomata number of Arecaceae were categorized moderate on abaxial side where as adaxial side were low. Stomatal distribution on F. benjamina L., C. inophyllum L., A. crassicarpa, S. saman were random wereas Arecaceae were aline.Â
KAJIAN ANTROPOGENIK TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN TERUMBU KARANG DI DESA WOSI, HALMAHERA SELATAN (Suatu kajian kerusakan terumbu karang di daerah pesisir Halmahera)
Authors: Ahmad Zulkifli , Majid Ilham , Jaman Hardi R.
Published: March 2024

Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat yang berada di daerah pesisir Halmahera. Salah satu pemanfaatan oleh masyarakat Desa Wosi, Halmahera Selatan adalah sebagian besar dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bangunan danÂ  pondasi rumah. Â Tujuan Â dari Â penelitianÂ  iniÂ  adalah Â untuk Â mengetahui Â pengetahuan Â dan Â aktivitas Â masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan terumbu karang di Desa Wosi Kecamatan Gane Timur Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan. Instrumen pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket/kuesioner dan wawancara denganÂ Â  sejumlahÂ Â  masyarakat.Â  Â AnalisisÂ  Â angket/kuesionerÂ  Â dilakukanÂ Â  denganÂ Â  menggunakanÂ Â  rumus prosentase dan skala Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; (1) Pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap terumbu karang di Desa Wosi Kecamatan Gane Timur termasuk dalam kriteria cukup Â yaitu dengan nilai rataâ€“rata Â 60%; (2) Â Aktivitas Â masyarakat Â terhadap Â pemanfaatan Â terumbu Â karang Â meliputi ;Â Â  Â Indikator pemanfaatan terumbu karang sebagai bahan bangunan dan pondasi rumah termasuk dalam kriteria cukup (nilai rata-rata 63%), indikator jual beli terumbu karang termasuk dalam kriteria rendahÂ  (52%), dan budidaya terumbu karang termasuk dalam kriteria sangat rendah (3.23%). Sementara pada kriteria skala Likert Â untukÂ  seluruh Â indikator Â pengetahuan Â dan Â aktivitas Â pemanfaatan Â terumbu Â karang Â menunjukan kriteria sangat tinggi (X 4,531 atau 127.242 4.531 dan X 3,5685 atau 97.742 3.5685).Â Kata kunci : Antropogenik, Halmahera Selatan, kerusakan, pemanfaatan, terumbu karang
Supporting Proportional Reasoning Through Technology Integration in Mathematics Learning
Authors: Lutfi Ahmad , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Martadiputra Bambang Avip Priatna , Jupri Al
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the role of technology in facilitating the development of students' proportional reasoning skills in mathematics learning. This study used the systematic literature review method with a qualitative approach. Documents on the Scopus database were analyzed according to the research objectives using the PRISMA 2020. Thematic analysis was applied to all documents included in the search results. The results of this study indicated that there were 18 documents found that addressed the chosen topic-first in 2006, with 2015 being the most productive year discussing this topic. The technologies used to facilitate the development of proportional reasoning skills are Flash/ActionScript 3 programs-dominated, robotics, web-based learning, interactive touchscreen tablet application (MIT-Ext)-ordered by document quantity, virtual reality (VR), GeoGebra, video games, and augmented reality (AR). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method approaches were used in almost equal parts. Junior high school was the most researched level of this topic, but no research has been conducted at the senior high school level. The most productive country to research this topic was the Netherlands. The results of this study were expected to provide practical benefits for teachers and future research.
Factors Influencing the Success of Students’ Learning through Online Learning/Distance Education : A Bibliometric Analysis of Scopus Database
Authors: Santoso Agus , Retnawati Heri , Rosyada Munaya Nikma , Apino Ezi , Rafi Ibnu , Kartianom Kartianom , Dauletkulova Aigul
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the co-occurrence of several topics linked to factors that influence student learning success and explore the motor themes related to factors that influence student learning success. This study used the literature review method with data analysis using R Studio and VOSViewer software. Data analyzed were exported from the Scopus website from 2013 to 2023 of 383 documents. The research data analysis techniques used network mapping analysis of VOSviewer results (network visualization) and content analysis within the keywords and studies. The findings of this study presented the keywords (most frequent words, trending topics), co-occurrence network (thematic map and thematic evolution), and discussion of topics related to factors that influence student learning success. The basic themes identified were higher education and Covid-19. Meanwhile, gender and self-efficacy are motor themes that could be researched further as those can influence student learning performance in online learning. The findings of the bibliometric analysis were intended to reveal unique insights into the factors that determine student learning performance in distant learning and contribute to previously unexplored issues.
Determinant of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention : Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy
Authors: Andriyati Rizka , Wardani Dewi Kusuma , Setyowibowo Feri
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial education and sustainability orientation in influencing sustainable entrepreneurial intention by testing the mediating effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in predicting sustainable entrepreneurial intention. This study used a quantitative approach with 306 UNNES and UNS economics education students’ years of 2020 and 2021 as samples. Data was obtained by distributing an online questionnaire (Google Form). Data was analyzed using the SEM-PLS technique. The analysis’s results show that there is a significant positive effect between entrepreneurial education and sustainability on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy can mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial education and sustainability orientation in terms of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. The findings also confirm that sustainable entrepreneurial intention can be formed through the formation of cognition stimulated when students take entrepreneurial education and individual personalities, which can be reviewed from a sustainability orientation.
The “Blusukan” Leadership Style of Elementary School Principals in Kota Lubuklinggau : What Lessons Can Be Learned?
Authors: Prananosa Ahmad Gawdy , Pestalozi Donni , Erwandi Rudi , Putra M. Rusni Eka
Published: March 2024

This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of elementary school principals in Kota Lubuklinggau engaging in blusukan leadership. The research employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenology method. The subjects involved were school principals, teachers, and school staff. The data were collected using observations, interviews, and documentation. The obtained data were then analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive models in the following steps: data collection, reduction, display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results indicated that: 1) the concept of blusukan was performed by the elementary school principals through their willingness to directly supervise the working conditions of their subordinates to get real and accurate information from various sources; such information might be taken as consideration when making a decision; 2) The blusukan leadership style was implemented by encouraging subordinates, hearing and valuing their views, and sustaining close bonds between leaders and subordinates; 3) communication made by leaders was clear and not ambiguous, also easy to understand language, so subordinates can accept messages accurately, 4) due to the other vital obligations of school principals, the blusukan style should not be executed on a daily basis. Blusukan could also be done on the fly to check on subordinates while working. In this digital age, leaders could also utilize technology to support their blusukan by controlling the jobs of their subordinates through CCTV media.
Development of Discord-Based Career Information Service Management Model to Improve Students' Career Planning Ability
Authors: Dwikurnaningsih Yari , Melisa Ira , Waruwu Marinu
Published: March 2024

This research aims to develop a Discord-based career information service management model to enhance students' career planning abilities. This research method used research and development with the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The developmental research was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah Plus Salatiga, with teachers and students as the research subjects. The results of the study were validated using technical triangulation and source triangulation techniques. Data analysis utilized the interactive model for qualitative data and descriptive analysis for quantitative data. The IT expert validation resulted in a score of 92%, and the management expert validation yielded 90%. Additionally, the average trial results for teachers and students were 95.5% and 97.5%, respectively. Based on these findings, the development was categorized as excellent, feasible, and acceptable and can be utilized to enhance student's career planning abilities.
Project on Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students : Implementation, Role of Teachers, and Student Character
Authors: Waruwu Ermina , Sinulingga Aldi Alfrianza , Sitepu Abdi Guna , Sugiyana F. X.
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the project of Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students (P5), the role of teachers in improving P5, and the characters developed in P5 implemented by PPG-STPKat students of St. Francis Asisi Semarang. The mixed method research design was used. The probability sampling technique was used to select 14 schools for the research population. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaires assessing the implementation of the P5 project and the role of teachers and analyzed using ANOVA Linearity, Linear Regression, and the F Test. Interviews were used to collect qualitative data, which was then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the simultaneous implementation of the P5 project and the role of the teacher had a high effect on student character building (99.1%). The linearity test revealed a linear relationship between P5 project implementation and learner character, with a significance value (p) of 0.000 0.05. P5 has been implemented in elementary schools, and teachers serve as role models, motivators, inspirers, and evaluators, according to qualitative findings. Students' Pancasila character profile depicts a character of faith, piety to God Almighty, and noble character. Positive aspects of mutual cooperation included improved collaboration skills and various aspects of mutual cooperation. This study's recommendations include increasing the number of meeting hours, involving a team of facilitators, and ensuring school readiness. Students must be encouraged to participate actively in the P5 project and to develop the Pancasila learner profile attitude.
Franchising: Is The North American Model About to Be Duplicated in European Soccer?
Authors: Paché Gilles
Published: March 2024

In 2021 and 2023, the attempt by a handful of powerful soccer clubs to create a European Super League gave rise to heated debate about importing the North American franchising model into European professional sports. The governance of professional soccer in Europe, in the hands of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), is effectively based on the principle of recognition of sporting merit: the best teams win the trophies, the worst teams are relegated to a minor league. In contrast, the governance of the four major leagues in North America is based on keeping franchised teams in a major league regardless of their sporting results. To maintain fan interest, mechanisms have been put in place to ensure that a team ranked poorly in season S has a chance to shine in season S+1, thanks to the addition of some excellent players. The franchising model reduces economic uncertainty, and consequently attracts many investors; this is why the owners of powerful soccer teams in Europe have been tempted to implement it. This research note addresses this issue, pointing out the hindrances to implementing this model in Europe, notably for cultural reasons.
Variation in glider-detected North Atlantic right, blue, and fin whale calls in proximity to high-traffic shipping lanes
Authors: Indeck KL , Gehrmann R , Richardson AL , Barclay D , Baumgartner MF , Nolet V , Davies KTA
Published: March 2024

Passive acoustic monitoring has become an integral tool for determining the presence, distribution, and behavior of vocally active cetacean species. Acoustically equipped underwater gliders are becoming a routine monitoring platform, because they can cover large spatial scales during a single deployment and have the capability to relay data to shore in near real-time. Yet, more research is needed to determine what information can be derived from glider-recorded cetacean detections. Here, a Slocum glider that monitored continuously for low frequency (<1 kHz) baleen whale vocalizations was deployed across the Honguedo Strait and the associated traffic separation scheme in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, during September and October 2019. We conducted a manual analysis of the archived audio to examine spatial and temporal variation in acoustic detection rates of North Atlantic right whales (NARWs), blue whales, and fin whales. Call detections of blue and fin whales demonstrated that both species were acoustically active throughout the deployment. Environmental association models suggested their preferential use of foraging areas along the southern slopes of the Laurentian Channel. Results also indicate that elevated background noise levels in the shipping lanes from vessel traffic only minimally influenced the likelihood of detecting blue whale acoustic presence, while they did not affect fin whale detectability. NARWs were definitively detected on less than 20% of deployment days, so only qualitative assessments of their presence were described. Nevertheless, detections of all 3 species highlight that their movements throughout this seasonally important region overlap with a high volume of vessel traffic, increasing their risk of ship strike.
Proxy Organizations of Local Migration Governance: The Cases of Sultanbeyli and Sisli, Turkey
Authors: Topal Demiroğlu Elif
Published: March 2024

La nueva estructura de la migración internacional en el siglo XXI hace que los gobiernos locales se enfrenten a muchos desafíos. Las restricciones legales, las limitaciones presupuestarias y los determinantes sociales y estructurales juegan un papel en la respuesta de las ciudades a la migración internacional. Los municipios utilizan diferentes estrategias tanto para desarrollar respuestas a la inmigración como para hacer frente a las llamadas restricciones. Si bien la cooperación y la colaboración con organizaciones no gubernamentales son lasvías preferidas por los municipios, en este estudio estas estrategias se analizan en el contexto dela búsquedade foros. Se analizael papel de la Asociación de Solidaridad con Inmigrantes (Göçmendd),apoyada por la Municipalidad de Şişli, y el de la Asociación de Asistencia y Solidaridad para Refugiados y Solicitantes de Asilo (Mülteciler),establecida por la Municipalidad de Sultanbeyli,ambasorganizaciones representativasen los acuerdos de gobernanza migratoria de Estambul.
Critical developmental periods of vulnerability in dystonia
Authors: Lowe Simon A.
Published: March 2024

Dystonia is a heterogenous movement disorder characterised by involuntary muscle contractions, leading to abnormal postures and movements. Despite being the third most common movement disorder, the pathophysiological mechanisms causing dystonia are incompletely understood. Isolated dystonia is often caused by pathogenic mutations in single genes. An emerging body of evidence suggests that at least some forms of isolated dystonia have a strong developmental component, with pathogenic effects acting within discrete periods of increased vulnerability during neurodevelopment. The extent to which this is a common feature of genetically distinct forms of dystonia, and which developmental mechanisms might be disrupted during these periods, remains unclear. During critical periods of development, neuronal activity is instructive in the maturation of neuronal circuits, and inappropriate levels of activity during this period can lead to permanent defects. This review, with an intentional focus on our work, outlines evidence implicating disruptions to neuronal activity during critical developmental periods as a potential mechanism underlying inherited motor disorders in general, and dystonia in particular.
Genetic identification and expression optimization of a novel protease HapR from Bacillus velezensis
Authors: Han Zhenying , Ye Changwen , Dong Xinyu , Chen Chenchen , Zou Dian , Huang Kuo , Wei Xuetuan
Published: March 2024

Due to the broad application and substantial market demand for proteases, it was vital to explore the novel and efficient protease resources. The aim of this study was to identify the novel protease for tobacco protein degradation and optimize the expression levels. Firstly, the tobacco protein was used as the sole nitrogen resource for isolation of protease-producing strains, and a strain with high protease production ability was obtained, identified as Bacillus velezensis WH-7. Then, the whole genome sequencing was conducted on the strain B. velezensis WH-7, and 7 proteases genes were mined by gene annotation analysis. By further heterologous expression of the 7 protease genes, the key protease HapR was identified with the highest protease activity (144.19 U/mL). Moreover, the catalysis mechanism of HapR was explained by amino acid sequence analysis. The expression levels of protease HapR were further improved through optimization of promoter, signal peptide and host strain, and the maximum protease activity reaced 384.27 U/mL in WX-02/pHY-P43-SPyfkD-hapR, increased by 167% than that of initial recombinant strain HZ/pHY-P43-SPhapR-hapR. This study identified a novel protease HapR and the expression level was significantly improved, which provided an important enzyme resource for the development of enzyme preparations in tobacco protein degradation.
A novel approach for adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous solutions using a sodium alginate/titanium dioxide nanowire doped with zirconium cryogel beads
Authors: Azeroual Sana , Khatib Khalid , Belfkira Ahmed , Ablouh El-Houssaine , Hanani Zouhair , Taourirte Moha , Jalal Rachid
Published: March 2024

The presence of organic dyes in wastewater raises significant environmental and human health concerns, owing to their high toxicity. In light of this, a novel adsorbent material with porous cryogel architecture was developed and employed for the effective removal of organic dyes from an aqueous solution. Initially, a titanium dioxide nanowire doped with zirconium HZTO was synthesized by the hydrothermal process. Subsequently, the beads (SA/HZTO) of sodium alginate and HZTO were successfully prepared through a cross-linking process, employing Ca2+ ions as the crosslinking agent. Structural analysis of SA/HZTO beads was performed using FTIR, SEM, and EDX techniques. We systematically examined the impact of different conditions, including the initial dye concentration, pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage, on the adsorption process. Batch experiments, both in signal and binary systems, were conducted to rigorously assess the dye adsorption capabilities. Kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption process adhered to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Remarkably, the prepared beads exhibited impressive adsorption capacities of 26 and 29 mg/g toward methylene blue (MB) and safranin (SF), respectively. SA/HZTO beads have demonstrated excellent adsorption properties, offering a promising avenue for the development of low-cost, efficient, and reusable adsorbent to remove dyes from wastewater.
Small RNA-modulated anaerobic respiration allows bacteria to survive under antibiotic stress conditions
Authors: Kim Dajeong , Bhat Abhayprasad , Kim Seon-Kyu , Lee Soohyun , Ryu Choong-Min
Published: March 2024

Despite extensive knowledge of antibiotic-targeted bacterial cell death, deeper understanding of antibiotic tolerance mechanisms is necessary to combat multi-drug resistance in the global healthcare settings. Regulatory RNAs in bacteria control important cellular processes such as cell division, cellular respiration, metabolism, and virulence. Here, we investigated how exposing Escherichia coli to the moderately effective first-generation antibiotic cephalothin alters transcriptional and post-transcriptional dynamics. Bacteria switched from active aerobic respiration to anaerobic adaptation via an FnrS and Tp2 small RNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulatory circuit. From the early hours of antibiotic exposure, FnrS was involved in regulating reactive oxygen species levels, and delayed oxygen consumption in bacteria. We demonstrated that bacteria strive to maintain cellular homeostasis via sRNA-mediated sudden respiratory changes upon sublethal antibiotic exposure.
Insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia: an important cardiovascular risk factor that has long been underestimated
Authors: Fazio Serafino , Mercurio Valentina , Tibullo Loredana , Fazio Valeria , Affuso Flora
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular mortality is still excessively high, despite the considerable progress made in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although many cardiovascular risk factors (such as arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, etc.), identified in the general population, are being promptly treated, to date little consideration is given to a cardiovascular risk factor which we believe has largely demonstrated in the scientific literature of the last three decades that, if neglected, can produce a series of relevant negative effects on the cardiovascular system: insulin resistance (IR)/hyperinsulinemia (Hyperins). This risk factor is still not sufficently sought in the general population and, consequently, is not treated promptly, as it should be, to avoid its negative impact on the cardiovascular system. IR's prevalence is constantly growing worldwide, and it is estimated to have reached a prevalence of 51% of the general population in developed and developing countries, and Hyperins is a constant and strong feature of IR. This article aims to stimulate the scientific community towards IR/Hyperins as relevant cardiovascular risk factor, since it is still neglected. The scientific literature analyzed and used to for this article was found on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, etc, using the following keywords: insulin, insulin signaling, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular system, cardiovascular diseases. We selected studies that explored the association between IR/Hyperins and the cardiovascular system, and those that discussed the possibilities of screening and treatment of IR/Hyperins.
Projective geometry and spatial reasoning for STEM learning
Authors: Thom Jennifer S. , McGarvey Lynn M. , Markle Josh
Published: March 2024

Projective geometry is a prominent area in many fields including art, design, architecture, and mathematics, but how it can contribute to children’s spatial reasoning as well as a supplementary geometry to that of Euclid’s in school mathematics curricula raises the need for further consideration. With emphasis on the dynamic relationship between 2D and 3D objects, projective geometry not only offers important concepts but a meaningful context in which to develop spatial reasoning for STEM learning. In this article, we overview spatial reasoning as it relates to STEM and in particular, mathematics. Making a case for projective geometry, we present activities for the classroom, demonstrating how this mathematics topic connects to and opens new possibilities to promote spatial reasoning for STEM learning in the elementary grades.
Age differences in the association of body mass index-defined obesity with abdominal aortic calcification
Authors: Guo Tangmeng , Huang Lili , Luo Zhijian , Zheng Huabo , Shan Shengshuai , Cheng Bei
Published: March 2024

Objectives

In cardiovascular disease, previous studies have suggested young age as one of the reasons to explain the obesity paradox. This study attempts to provide a different opinion on this claim through unexpected findings.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional analysis of the US nationally representative data, total of 10,175 participants were recruited in 2013-2014 from NHANES. A total of 947 participants were selected to be included in this study through inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria for statistical analysis of the relationship between obesity and abdominal aortic calcification(AAC). Smooth curve fitting and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of obesity with AAC after adjusting for age, gender and associated variates.

Results

Depending on the age of the population, the relationship between obesity and AAC showed the different outcome. Obesity was associated with the lower risk of AAC among individuals older than 52 years of age. According to the difference of adjusted covariates, the AAC scores in the obesity group decreased by 0.92, 0.87, and 1.11 for 52 years old or older individuals. In particular, the risk of AAC was lower for patients with obesity with the following characteristics: male, low LDL, low triglyceride, DM, non-cancer patient, smoking, drinking, vigorous work activity, low annual household income, education of 9 – 11th grades and non-Hispanic white.

Conclusions

In US, adults aged 52 years or older, obesity was associated with decreased AAC risk. Older age may be one potential reason for the obesity paradox.
Comparative study between poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer: real-world pathological distribution, death attribution, and prognostic factor estimation
Authors: Zhang Kun , Wang Xinyi , Wei Tao , Li Zhihui , Zhu Jingqiang , Chen Ya-Wen
Published: March 2024

Background

The clinic-pathological boundary between poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is unclear due to a wide spectrum of histopathological features and the rarity of the disease. In addition to that, with the highest mortality rate and non-standard treatment modality, the PDTC/ATC population has not been subjected to comprehensive description and comparison with the extent of histological characteristics, therapeutic response, prognostic factors, and death attribution analysis.

Method

A total of 4,947 PDTC/ATC patients from 2000 to 2018 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan–Meier survival curve estimation and Cox proportional hazard regression were applied.

Results

Overall, the 5- and 10-year DSS for PDTC were 71.9% and 68.0%, respectively, whereas the 5- and 10-year OS are 59.3% and 51.2%, respectively. The median survival time for ATC patients was 3 months with 1-year OS being 26.9% and 1-year DSS being 31.2%. During the follow-up period, 68.1% of the PDTC/ATC cohort were dead, 51.6% of which were attributed to thyroid malignancies and 16.5% to non-thyroid causes. The top three common non-thyroid causes of death were miscellaneous cancers, lower respiratory system disease, and heart disease. The histological feature of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was the leading pathological category for PDTC patients (51.7%), whereas 76.7% of ATC patients’ pathological feature was characterized as unidentifiable. Sarcoma histological characteristics found in ATC cases suffer the highest overall mortality (vs. PTC, HR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.68–4.06, P < 0.001). Older age unidentifiable histology feature, more advanced AJCC N1b, AJCC M1, and SEER stage, tumor size larger than 5 cm, and more invasive tumor extension were independent bad outcome predictors.

Conclusion

The populational analysis of the PDTC/ATC cohort has provided reliable support for better understanding of the difference between PDTC and ATC cases and the guidance of clinical practice and further studies.
A two-phase, multi-component model for efficient CO2 storage and enhanced gas recovery in low permeability reservoirs
Authors: Wang Xiangzeng , Zhang Quan , Wan Yongping
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced gas recovery represents a viable strategy for sequestering CO2 while concurrently augmenting gas production from subsurface reservoirs. Gas reservoirs, as inherent geological formations, are optimal repositories for gaseous compounds, rendering them suitable for CO2 storage. Nevertheless, the economic viability of pure CO2 storage necessitates integration with oil and gas recovery mechanisms to facilitate widespread CO2 utilization.

Method: This study addresses the complexities of CO2 enhanced gas recovery through a comprehensive approach that combines theoretical model and numerical simulations. A numerical model is developed to simulate three-component diffusion involving CO2, and methane (CH4) in a two-phase system comprising gas and water.

Results: The investigation systematically explores the process of enhanced CH4 extraction and CO2 injection into the reservoir and examines the influencing factors on extraction. Simulation results reveal a power-law decrease in CH4 production rate, stabilizing at a constant extraction rate. Enhanced CH4 extraction benefits from increased porosity, with higher porosity levels leading to greater CH4 extraction. Permeability augmentation positively influences CH4 production, although with diminishing returns beyond a certain threshold. The CO2 injection rate shows a direct proportionality to CH4 production. However, elevated CO2 injection rates may increase reservoir pressure, potentially causing cap rock damage and CO2 gas flushing.

Discussion: This study contributes valuable theoretical insights to the field of CO2 enhanced gas recovery engineering, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of multi-component fluid transport processes and their implications for sustainable CO2 utilization.
Teaching freight mode choice models new tricks using interpretable machine learning methods
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Yang Hung-Chia , Jeong Kyungsoo , Bui William , Ravulaparthy Srinath , Laarabi Haitam , Needell Zachary A. , Spurlock C. Anna
Published: March 2024

Understanding and forecasting complex freight mode choice behavior under various industry, policy, and technology contexts is essential for freight planning and policymaking. Numerous models have been developed to provide insights into freight mode selection; most use discrete choice models such as multinomial logit (MNL) models. However, logit models often rely on linear specifications of independent variables despite potential nonlinear relationships in the data. A common challenge for researchers is the absence of a heuristic and efficient method to discern and define these complex relationships in logit model specifications. This often results in models that might be deficient in both predictive power and interpretability. To bridge this gap, we develop an MNL model for freight mode choice using the insights from machine learning (ML) models. ML models can better capture the nonlinear nature of many decision-making processes, and recent advances in “explainable AI” have greatly improved their interpretability. We showcase how interpretable ML methods help enhance the performance of MNL models and deepen our understanding of freight mode choice. Specifically, we apply SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to identify influential features and complex relationships to improve the MNL model’s performance. We evaluate this approach through a case study for Austin, Texas, where SHAP results reveal multiple important nonlinear relationships. Incorporating those relationships into MNL model specifications improves the interpretability and accuracy of the MNL model. Findings from this study can be used to guide freight planning and inform policymakers about how key factors affect freight decision-making.
Pigs lacking the SRCR5 domain of CD163 protein demonstrate heritable resistance to the PRRS virus and no changes in animal performance from birth to maturity
Authors: Nesbitt Clint , Galina Pantoja Lucina , Beaton Benjamin , Chen Ching-Yi , Culbertson Matt , Harms Perry , Holl Justin , Sosnicki Andrzej , Reddy Srinu , Rotolo Marisa , Rice Elena
Published: March 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the world’s most persistent viral pig diseases, with a significant economic impact on the pig industry. PRRS affects pigs of all ages, causing late-term abortions and stillbirths in sows, respiratory disease in piglets, and increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection with a high mortality rate. PRRS disease is caused by a positive single-stranded RNA PRRS virus (PRRSV), which has a narrow host-cell tropism limited to monocyte–macrophage lineage cells. Several studies demonstrated that the removal of CD163 protein or, as a minimum, its scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 (SRCR5) precludes the viral genome release, conferring resistance to PRRSV in live animals. Today, very limited information exists about the impact of such edits on animal performance from birth to maturity in pigs. Using CRISPR–Cas9 with dual-guide RNAs and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), first-generation (E0) pigs were produced with a deletion of exon 7 in the CD163 gene. The selected pigs were bred to produce the next three generations of pigs to establish multiple lines of pigs homozygous for the edited allele, thereby confirming that the CD163 gene with removed exon 7 was stable during multiple breeding cycles. The pigs were evaluated relative to non-edited pigs from birth to maturity, including any potential changes in meat composition and resistance to PRRSV. This study demonstrates that removing the SRCR5 domain from the CD163 protein confers resistance to PRRSV and, relative to unedited pigs, resulted in no detected differences in meat composition and no changes in the growth rate, health, and ability to farrow. Together, these results support the targeted use of gene editing in livestock animals to address significant diseases without adversely impacting the health and well-being of the animals or the food products derived from them.
Association of glutamate receptor gene polymorphisms with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Dehua , Zeng Qiaoli , Liu Pei , Wei Yue , Guo Runmin , Zhu Yizhun , He Rong-Rong
Published: March 2024

Background: There is a growing body of evidence indicating a possible association between genetic variations and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the results have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the GRIN2A, GRIN2B and GRM7 gene polymorphisms and ADHD.

Methods: A comprehensive meta-analysis and subgroup evaluation was conducted using a fixed-effects model to analyze the association between ADHD and GRIN2B (rs2284411), GRIN2A (rs2229193), and GRM7 (rs3792452) in six genetic models (dominant, recessive, overdominant, homozygous, heterozygous, and allele models).

Results: The meta-analysis comprised 8 studies. The overall analysis showed that the GRIN2B rs2284411 T allele and T carries were significantly associated with a decreased risk of ADHD (dominant model:TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 0.783; 95% CI: 0.627–0.980; p = 0.032, allele model:T vs. C: OR = 0.795; 95% CI: 0.656–0.964; p = 0.019), especially in the Korean subgroup (dominant model:TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 0.640; 95% CI: 0.442–0.928; p = 0.019, overdominant model: CT vs. TT + CC: OR = 0.641; 95% CI: 0.438–0.938; p = 0.022, allele model:T vs. C: OR = 0.712; 95% CI: 0.521–0.974; p = 0.034 and heterozygous model: CT vs. CC: OR = 0.630; 95% CI: 0.429–0.925; p = 0.018). However, no meaningful associations were found for rs2229193 and rs3792452.

Conclusion: The results of the meta-analysis provide strong evidence that the rs2284411 T allele is significantly associated with reduced susceptibility to ADHD, particularly in the Korean population.
Unveiling biomarkers for postharvest resilience: the role of canopy position on quality and abscisic acid dynamics of ‘Nadorcott’ clementine mandarins
Authors: Navarro-Calderón Ángela , Magwaza Lembe S. , Terry Leon A. , Alamar M. Carmen
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Clementine mandarins are categorised as non-climacteric fruit because they do not exhibit an increase in respiration rate and ethylene production during ripening. Recent studies have suggested that abscisic acid (ABA), a distinct ripening hormone, plays a pivotal role in the postharvest behaviour of this fruit. The present study aimed to identify biomarkers for enhancing the postharvest durability and flavour retention of imported ‘Nadorcott’ clementines (Citrus reticulata Blanco). To achieve this goal, an experiment was designed to investigate pre- and post-harvest factors influencing quality of clementine fruit, encompassing both physiological and biochemical aspects. Furthermore, the study investigated the role of ABA and ABA catabolites in the fruit senescence process.

Methods

Clementines from four different canopy positions, i.e. upper outside, upper inside, lower outside, and lower inside, were manually harvested at different horticultural maturity. The study was conducted over two harvest times, specifically in March (mid-season) and April (end of season). Harvested fruit samples were stored for six weeks in a cold room with temperature and relative humidity set at 8.5±0.5 °C and 85±2%, respectively. Various physiological (i.e. respiration rate), organoleptic (i.e. rind colour, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity) and biochemical (i.e. individual sugars and organic acids, abscisic acid and its catabolites) variables were measured bi-weekly. Sensory evaluation and consumer survey were conducted during the fourth week of storage.

Results and discussion

At the end of storage, fruit located on the inside of the canopy had a significantly higher respiration rate and lower concentration of sugars than outside fruit, resulting in a shorter shelf-life. At the same time, inside fruit showed a higher concentration of ABA and ABA catabolites than outside fruit, coinciding with a lower consumer acceptance score for external appearance, aroma, and flavour. For the first time, the key biomarkers affecting resilience and flavour retention, notably the higher ABA concentration and lower sugar levels in inner canopy fruit, resulting in a shorter shelf-life and reduced consumer acceptance were unveiled. This research not only provides valuable insights for the citrus industry but also unveils the intricate relationship between fruit quality, ABA, and ABA catabolites during senescence and consumer acceptance.
Host-functionalization of macrin nanoparticles to enable drug loading and control tumor-associated macrophage phenotype
Authors: Sarkar Biplab , Arlauckas Sean P. , Cuccarese Michael F. , Garris Christopher S. , Weissleder Ralph , Rodell Christopher B.
Published: March 2024

Macrophages are critical regulators of the tumor microenvironment and often present an immuno-suppressive phenotype, supporting tumor growth and immune evasion. Promoting a robust pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype has emerged as a therapeutic modality that supports tumor clearance, including through synergy with immune checkpoint therapies. Polyglucose nanoparticles (macrins), which possess high macrophage affinity, are useful vehicles for delivering drugs to macrophages, potentially altering their phenotype. Here, we examine the potential of functionalized macrins, synthesized by crosslinking carboxymethyl dextran with L-lysine, as effective carriers of immuno-stimulatory drugs to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Azide groups incorporated during particle synthesis provided a handle for click-coupling of propargyl-modified β-cyclodextrin to macrins under mild conditions. Fluorescence-based competitive binding assays revealed the ability of β-cyclodextrin to non-covalently bind to hydrophobic immuno-stimulatory drug candidates (Keq ~ 103 M-1), enabling drug loading within nanoparticles. Furthermore, transcriptional profiles of macrophages indicated robust pro-inflammatory reprogramming (elevated Nos2 and Il12; suppressed Arg1 and Mrc1 expression levels) for a subset of these immuno-stimulatory agents (UNC2025 and R848). Loading of R848 into the modified macrins improved the drug’s effect on primary murine macrophages by three-fold in vitro. Intravital microscopy in IL-12-eYFP reporter mice (24 h post-injection) revealed a two-fold enhancement in mean YFP fluorescence intensity in macrophages targeted with R848-loaded macrins, relative to vehicle controls, validating the desired pro-inflammatory reprogramming of TAMs in vivo by cell-targeted drug delivery. Finally, in an intradermal MC38 tumor model, cyclodextrin-modified macrin NPs loaded with immunostimulatory drugs significantly reduced tumor growth. Therefore, efficient and effective repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages to an M1-like phenotype—via drug-loaded macrins—inhibits tumor growth and may be useful as an adjuvant to existing immune checkpoint therapies.