bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution Millimeter Imaging of the CI Tau Protoplanetary Disk: A Massive Ensemble of Protoplanets from 0.1 to 100 au
Authors: Clarke C. J. , Tazzari M. , Juhasz A. , Rosotti G. , Booth R. , Facchini S. , Ilee J. D. , Johns-Krull C. M. , Kama M. , Meru F. , Prato L.
Published: October 2018

We present high-resolution millimeter continuum imaging of the disk surrounding the young star CI Tau, a system hosting the first hot Jupiter candidate in a protoplanetary disk system. The system has extended mm emission on which are superposed three prominent annular gaps at radii ∼13, 39, and 100 au. We argue that these gaps are most likely to be generated by massive planets so that, including the hot Jupiter, the system contains four gas giant planets at an age of only 2 Myr. Two of the new planets are similarly located to those inferred in the famous HL Tau protoplanetary disk; in CI Tau, additional observational data enables a more complete analysis of the system properties than was possible for HL Tau. Our dust and gas dynamical modeling satisfies every available observational constraint and points to the most massive ensemble of exoplanets ever detected at this age, with its four planets spanning a factor 1000 in orbital radius. Our results show that the association between hot Jupiters and gas giants on wider orbits, observed in older stars, is apparently in place at an early evolutionary stage.
Usages de drogues au féminin et production du savoir académique
Authors: Neff Maïa
Published: October 2018

Bien que la sociologie des drogues soit un domaine de recherche dynamique et prolifique, une question reste minorée : les usages de drogues par des femmes. L’objectif de cet article est donc d’analyser la formation de ce domaine de recherches et d’en questionner les principaux axiomes académiques à partir d’un état des connaissances. Les approches et thèmes récurrents identifiés sont principalement des analyses comparatives ainsi que des constructions de figures de la littérature telles que les « mères toxicomanes » ou les « femmes victimes ». Un dernier temps de l’article reviendra sur les apports des productions académiques féministes sur le sujet. En conclusion, il est possible de dégager un thème, peu questionné, et qui pourrait faire l’objet d’un programme de recherche, à savoir, ce qui a trait plus particulièrement à des carrières institutionnelles de femmes usagères de drogues.
Les démons de midi ou le sexuel à contretemps
Authors: Assoun Paul-Laurent
Published: October 2018

Penser le sexuel requiert un détour par un certain « démon de midi ». Désir sexuel impétueux, saisissant un homme « entre eux âges » et l’amenant à bouleverser d’un moment à l’autre son agenda plombé, pour se jeter dans une saga passionnelle avec une jeune femme, chargée de redonner des couleurs à sa vie désirante. Allusion au passage des Psaumes bibliques, évoquant le juste protégé des « flèches de midi » : or, là, le juste de la veille se trouve exposé au rayonnement solaire. L’anthropologie des démons de midi (dont la Gradiva est une figure) a ses retombées cliniques, celle du « contre-temps » révélateur de la temporalité du désir. Ce phénomène régressif, version moderne de « l’acédie » monastique, désunion pulsionnelle d’Éros et Thanatos qui lui donne des aspects « néo-pubertaires », relance aussi le sujet en quête d’un objet flambant neuf, sur lequel l’homme ironiquement dit « mature » se branche. Remise à l’heure – « hors temps » – des horloges du désir. Le phénomène mérite de se voir reconnu un statut psychanalytique. Il interroge aussi la version féminine du démon de midi, qui, pour n’en être pas symétrique, impose un retour à la question de la ménopause, poussée libidinale, bien plutôt qu’involution, selon Freud. Ce qui va des « vingt-quatre heures de la vie d’une femme » salvatrice… au tourisme sexuel. L’ironie de cette histoire est qu’homme et femme rencontrent leur démon à contre-temps, ce qui constitue, somme toute, la retombée la plus concrète de « l’impossible du rapport sexuel et de son « pas de deux »…
Loi du genre
Authors: Chaboudez Gisèle
Published: October 2018

Certaines études psychanalytiques sur le genre en appellent à une actualisation de l’Œdipe, une mise à jour de la psychanalyse qui la rendrait moins « normative » et rattraperait une évolution sociale qui l’aurait devancée. Or elle existe depuis longtemps, insuffisamment lue comme telle. L’ aggiornamento lacanien reste encore en partie à déchiffrer, et attend que nous le prolongions.
Myrrhophores et diaconesses. Les femmes autour de Jésus. Lecture phénoménologique
Authors: Radermakers Jean
Published: October 2018

Le rôle des femmes autour de Jésus et dans la communauté apostolique doit être réfléchi à nouveaux frais pour nous permettre d’en déduire des attitudes nouvelles pour les ministères aujourd’hui. Le service des « diaconesses » et des prophétesses participe du message pascal et nous dit quelque chose de neuf du mystère de la femme qui vit en son corps de chair l’éclosion et la gestation d’une semence de vie.
Qualité institutionnelle, inflation et régime monétaire optimal
Authors: Marakbi Réda
Published: October 2018

Cet article vise à étudier la relation entre qualité institutionnelle, inflation et régime monétaire optimal. À cette fin, nous passons en revue tant la littérature théorique qu’empirique afin d’en extraire les principaux enseignements pour les pays en développement et pour les pays développés. Nous montrons, en particulier, qu’un régime de ciblage d’inflation où la cible est déterminée à partir de l’ensemble des caractéristiques structurelles et institutionnelles de l’économie semble être le régime monétaire le plus pertinent pour les pays en développement. Par ailleurs, nous montrons que pour les pays développés, et en particulier les pays européens, le choix de l’union monétaire n’est pas forcément pertinent lorsque les économies qui la composent se caractérisent par des niveaux de qualité institutionnelle très divergents.
Organiser la charité, rendre le secours efficace
Authors: Jung Benjamin
Published: October 2018

Lors du Congrès international d’assistance de 1889, dirigeants de l’Assistance publique et acteurs de la bienfaisance privée, célèbrent un accord de principe sur la nécessité de n’apporter de secours aux pauvres « valides » qu’en contrepartie d’un « travail d’épreuve ». Il s’en suit plus d’une décennie au cours de laquelle l’assistance par le travail est érigée en modèle de la rationalisation de la bienfaisance et ses promoteurs en organisateurs du monde charitable parisien. Une nouvelle génération de sociétés d’arrondissements voit alors le jour, neuf d’entre elles coordonnant leur action en 1891 au sein d’un « Comité central des œuvres d’assistance par le travail ». À la fois doctrine et technologie charitables, faisceau d’institutions, de discours, d’expériences pratiques et nébuleuse d’acteurs aux appartenances plurielles, l’assistance par le travail se révèle être une clé de décryptage utile des mondes de la réforme sociale.
Les Républicains du Havre au xixe siècle (1815-1889)
Authors: Ardaillou Pierre
Published: October 2018

Des républicains du xixe siècle, on n'a souvent retenu que quelques images réductrices : on se les représente volontiers en hommes des sociétés secrètes ou des clubs, en révolutionnaires le fusil à la main ou en éternels proscrits. Pourtant, si la République a fini par l'emporter, elle le doit tout autant à l'action d'hommes modérés, attachés aux idées libérales tant sur le plan économique que politique et soucieux d'apporter des réponses pragmatiques à la question sociale. Ville portuaire, en pleine expansion au xixe siècle, Le Havre offre un bon exemple de ce libéralisme républicain. N'a-t-elle pas donné à la République deux personnalités modérées de premier plan, Félix Faure et Jules Siegfried ?

L'objet de ce livre est de nous présenter les républicains havrais sur le long terme. L'auteur décrit les étapes de la conquête de la ville et dresse un tableau des élus et des militants, qu'ils aient appartenu à la grande bourgeoisie du négoce ou au monde ouvrier. Il s'interroge sur l'importance parmi eux des protestants. Il dévoile aussi les divers réseaux qui ont fait de la cité un bastion républicain. C'est à la découverte de tout un tissu associatif à base philanthropique, mutuelliste, musicale, gymnique, libre penseur et naturellement maçonnique, qu'il nous invite.
Transscrotal orchidopexy for palpable cryptorchid testis: follow-up and outcomes
Authors: Papparella Alfonso , Cobellis Giovanni , De Rosa Laura , Noviello Carmine
Published: October 2018

We retrospectively reviewed the results of transscrotal orchidopexy in the surgical management of palpable testis. From January 2014 to June 2017, 130 male children with a total of 140 palpable undescended testes (UDT) underwent transscrotal orchidopexy. The charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, preoperative position and mobility of the testis, patency of the peritoneal vaginal duct (PVD), and post-operative complications. The resting position of the testis and its traction towards the scrotum were assessed before surgery and under anaesthesia. The mean age of the patients was 4.6 years. The position of the testis assessed at surgery was in most cases at the external inguinal ring (62.8%), at the neck of the scrotum (15.7%), in the inguinal canal (12.8%), or in an ectopic position (8,5%). A PVD was found in 66 testes (47.1%). Two surgical cases required an inguinal incision. In each patient, the postoperative course was unremarkable. The testicle at 1-year follow-up was in a scrotal position in 134 cases, but 6 patients required a second surgical intervention for re-ascent of the testis. No testicular atrophy or inguinal hernias were observed. Transscrotal orchidopexy is a simple and effective procedure for the treatment of palpable UDT. The incidence of complications is low and manageable, with rapid postoperative recovery and early resumption of normal activities.
Histopathology of the muscle in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Barsotti S. , Tripoli A. , Pollina L.E. , Mosca M. , Neri R.
Published: October 2018

The presence of muscular symptoms is common in rheumatological clinical practice, but often the differential diagnosis between muscular involvement in connective tissue diseases, vasculitis and drug-induced myopathy may be difficult. In addition to clinical assessment, laboratory analysis and instrumental examinations, muscle biopsy may help to clarify the diagnosis in patients with muscular involvement. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis of the current medical literature on muscular histopathology, to help clinicians to identify when to perform muscular biopsy and to provide a practical guide to a better understanding of the pathology report. Moreover, we provide an overview of the muscular involvement and the most common histopathological findings in rheumatic diseases.
Histopathology of salivary glands
Authors: Carubbi F. , Alunno A. , Gerli R. , Giacomelli R.
Published: October 2018

Salivary gland (SG) biopsy is a technique broadly applied for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), lymphoma accompanying SS, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and IgG4-related disease The most peculiar feature of pSS on biopsy is focal lymphocytic sialadenitis. In the past, several histological scores have been reported in the literature to describe glandular involvement during pSS. However, the variability among centres in reporting glandular scores is one of the rationales behind the development of standardised consensus guidance. SGs as well as lacrimal glands are involved in up to 50% of patients with IgG4-related disease with 3 histopathological hallmarks such as dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis. SGs can be also affected by amyloidosis with MSG biopsy being more sensitive than that of rectal mucosa or subcutaneous fat. SG involvement is a rare manifestation during sarcoidosis, and the presence of non-caseating granulomas needs to be differentiated from granulomas of other etiology. This review article provides an overview of normal and pathological SGs in the context of rheumatic diseases, identifying key elements in the tissue as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, useful in the current clinical practice.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of renal histopathology in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Saccon F. , Gatto M. , Larosa M. , Ometto F. , Felicetti M. , Padoan R. , Zen M.
Published: October 2018

The objective was to evaluate renal involvement in several rheumatic diseases (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitides). The method chosen was to define histopathological profiles reported in renal biopsies performed on patients with renal involvement due to different rheumatic diseases. Renal involvement observed in patients with rheumatic disease can be the direct result of the disease per se and/or a complication of drugs used in the disease treatment. The clinical-pathological correlations derived from the study of renal tissues can be useful for differential diagnosis, prognosis assessment and therapeutic decisions. Renal biopsy should be considered as an important tool for the management of nephropathies in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.
Qualitative Evaluation of High School Implementation Strategies for Youth Sports Concussion Laws
Authors: Davies Susan , Coxe Kathryn , Harvey Hosea H. , Singichetti Bhavna , Guo Jinhong , Yang Jingzhen
Published: October 2018

Context: 

All 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws governing concussion management and education. These concussion laws, featuring common tenets regarding removal from play, return to play, and concussion education, have shaped school and district policies.

Objective: 

To evaluate the strategies commonly used to implement concussion laws at the school and district levels, as reported by certified athletic trainers (ATs).

Design: 

Qualitative study.

Setting: 

High schools.

Patients or Other Participants: 

We interviewed 64 ATs from high schools (1 per school) participating in High School Reporting Information Online.

Data Collection and Analysis: 

Interviews were conducted with participants between April and October 2015 regarding implementation of the 3 core tenets of concussion laws. Research team members independently evaluated the interview transcripts and field notes to identify common themes in implementation strategies.

Results: 

Of the 64 schools represented, 90.6% were public schools, 89.1% sponsored more than 15 sports, and all schools employed at least 1 AT and had a written concussion policy. Four commonly used strategies to implement removal from play were reliance on coaches, immediate response, referral and guidance after injury, and notification of key individuals. Use of assessment or baseline tests, communication among parties involved, reliance on AT assessments, and return-to-learn policies were 4 frequent strategies to implement return to play. Finally, 3 major implementation strategies to effectuate concussion education were use of existing educational tools, timing of education, and concussion training for school professionals.

Conclusions: 

Although concussion laws were passed at different times and varied in content across states, common themes in implementation strategies emerged across jurisdictions. The identification of strategic approaches to implementation will help ensure proper concussion management and education, reducing negative health outcomes among youths with concussions.
Perceptions regarding the scope of practice of family doctors amongst patients in primary care settings in Nairobi
Authors: Mohamoud Gulnaz , Mash Bob , Merali Mohamoud , Orwa James , Mahoney Megan
Published: October 2018

Background: Primary care (PC) is the foundation of the Kenyan health care system, providing comprehensive care, health promotion and managing all illnesses across the lifecycle. In the private sector in Nairobi, PC is principally offered by the general practitioners, also known as family doctors (FDs). The majority have no postgraduate training. Little is known about how patients perceive their capability.Aim: To assess patients’ perceptions of the scope of practice of FDs working in private sector PC clinics in Nairobi and their awareness of the new category of family physicians (FPs) and the discipline of family medicine.Setting: Private sector PC clinics in Nairobi.Methods: A descriptive survey using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 162 patient participants.Results: Of the participants, 30% knew the difference between FPs and FDs. There was a high to moderate confidence that FDs could treat common illnesses; provide lifestyle advice; family planning (66%) and childhood immunisations (64%). In adolescents and adults, low confidence was expressed in their ability to manage tuberculosis (58%), human immunodeficiency virus (55%) and cancer (33%). In the elderly, there was low confidence in their ability to manage depression (55%), anxiety (57%), urinary incontinence (57%) and diabetes (59%). There was low confidence in their ability to provide antenatal care (55%) and Pap smears (42%).Conclusion: Patients did not perceive that FDs could offer fully comprehensive PC services. These perceptions may be addressed by defining the expected package of care, designing a system that encourages the utilisation of PC and employing FPs.
A note about various types of sensitivity in general semiflows
Authors: Miller Alica
Published: October 2018

We discuss the implications between various types of sensitivity in general semiflows (sensitivity, syndetic sensitivity, thick sensitivity, thick syndetic sensitivity, multisensitivity, periodic sensitivity, thick periodic sensitivity), including the weak mixing as a very strong type of sensitivity and the strong mixing as the strongest of all type of sensitivity.
Possible heterogeneous hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) chemistry in northern China winter haze and implications for rapid sulfate formation
Authors: Song Shaojie , Gao Meng , Xu Weiqi , Sun Yele , Worsnop Douglas R. , Jayne John T. , Zhang Yuzhong , Zhu Lei , Li Mei , Zhou Zhen , Cheng Chunlei , Lv Yibing , Wang Ying , Peng Wei , Xu Xiaobin , Lin Nan , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Shuxiao , Munger J. William , Jacob Daniel , McElroy Michael B.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Chemical mechanisms responsible for rapid sulfate production, an important driver of winter haze formation in northern China, remain unclear. Here, we propose a potentially important heterogeneous hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) chemical mechanism. Through analyzing field measurements with aerosol mass spectrometry, we show evidence for a possible significant existence in haze aerosols of organosulfur primarily as HMS, misidentified as sulfate in previous observations. We estimate that HMS can account for up to about one-third of the sulfate concentrations unexplained by current air quality models. In addition, HMS in the presence of hydroxyl radicals can trigger rapid sulfate production in aerosol water. Heterogeneous production of HMS by SO2 and formaldehyde is favored under northern China winter haze conditions due to high aerosol water content, moderately acidic pH values, high gaseous precursor levels, and low temperature. These analyses identify an unappreciated importance of formaldehyde in secondary aerosol formation and calls for more research on sources and on the chemistry of formaldehyde in northern China winter.
Contribution of local and remote anthropogenic aerosols to
intensification of a record-breaking torrential rainfall event in
Guangdong province
Authors: Liu Zhen , Ming Yi , Zhao Chun , Lau Ngar Cheung , Guo Jianping , Yim Steve Hung Lam
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A torrential rainfall case, which happened in Guangdong Province during December 14–16, 2013, broke the historical rainfall record in the province in terms of duration, affected area, and accumulative precipitation. The influence of anthropogenic aerosols on this extreme rainfall event was examined using a coupled meteorology–chemistry-aerosol model. Enhancement of precipitation in the estuary and near the coast up to 33.7 mm was mainly attributed to aerosol–cloud interactions, whereas aerosol-radiation interactions partially compensated 14 % of the precipitation increase. Responses of precipitation to changes in anthropogenic aerosols from local (i.e., Guangdong province) and remote (i.e., outside Guangdong province) sources were also investigated through simulations with reduced aerosol emissions from either local or remote sources. Accumulated aerosol concentration from local sources aggregated mainly near the surface and diluted quickly after the precipitation initiated. By contrast, aerosol concentration from remote emissions extended up to 8 km and lasted much longer before decreasing until peak rainfall began, because aerosols were continuously transported by the strong northerly. Although the patterns of precipitation response to remote and local aerosols resembled each other, remote aerosols contributed more than twice the precipitation increase compared with local aerosols, occupying a predominant role. Ten times of the emission sensitivity test resulted in about ten times of PM2.5 concentration compared with the control run. The patterns of precipitation and cloud property changes also resembled that in the control run, but with much greater magnitude. The average precipitation in Guangdong province decreased by 1.0 mm but increased by 1.4 mm in the control run. We noted that the reinforced precipitation increase was concentrated within a more narrowed downstream region, whereas the precipitation decrease was more dispersed across the upstream region. This indicates that the excessive aerosols not only suppress rainfall but also change the spatial distribution of precipitation, increasing the rainfall range, thereby potentially exacerbating flood and drought elsewhere. This study highlights the importance of considering aerosols in meteorology to improve extreme weather forecasting. Furthermore, aerosols from remote emissions may outweigh those from local emissions in the cloud invigoration effect.
Seasonal and intra-diurnal variability of small-scale gravity waves
in OH airglow at two Alpine stations
Authors: Hannawald Patrick , Schmidt Carsten , Sedlak René , Wüst Sabine , Bittner Michael
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Between December 2013 and August 2017 the instrument FAIM (Fast Airglow IMager) observed the OH airglow emission at two Alpine stations. One year of measurements was performed at Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany (48.09° N, 11.28° E) and two years at Sonnblick, Austria (47.05° N, 12.96° E). Both stations are part of the Network for the detection of mesospheric change (NDMC). The temporal resolution is two frames per second and the field of view is 55 km × 60 km and 75 km × 90 km at the OH layer altitude of 87 km with a spatial resolution of 200 m and 280 m per pixel, respectively. This results in two dense datasets allowing precise derivation of horizontal gravity wave parameters. The analysis is based on a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform with fully automatic peak extraction. By combining the information of consecutive images time-dependent parameters such as the horizontal phase speed are extracted. The instrument is mainly sensitive to high-frequency small- and medium-scale gravity waves. A clear seasonal dependency concerning the meridional propagation direction is found for these waves in summer in direction to the summer pole. The zonal direction of propagation is eastwards in summer and westwards in winter. Investigations of the data set revealed an intra-diurnal variability, which may be related to tides. The observed horizontal phase speed and the number of wave events per observation hour are higher in summer than in winter.
Global NO and HONO emissions of biological soil crusts estimated
by a process-based non-vascular vegetation model
Authors: Porada Philipp , Tamm Alexandra , Kleidon Axel , Pöschl Ulrich , Weber Bettina
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The reactive trace gases nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) are crucial for chemical processes in the atmosphere, including the formation of ozone and OH radicals, oxidation of pollutants and atmospheric self-cleaning. Recently, empirical studies showed that biological soil crusts are able to emit large amounts of NO and HONO and they may therefore play an important role in the global budget of these trace gases. However, the upscaling of local estimates to the global scale is subject to large uncertainties, due to unknown spatial distribution of crust types and their dynamic metabolic activity. Here, we perform an alternative estimate of global NO and HONO emissions by biological soil crusts, using a process-based modelling approach to these organisms, combined with global datasets of climate and land cover. We thereby consider that NO and HONO are emitted in strongly different proportions, depending on the type of crust and their dynamic activity, and we provide a first estimate of the global distribution of four different crust types. Based on this, we estimate global total values of 1.04 Tg yr−1 NO-N and 0.69 Tg yr−1 HONO-N released by biological soil crusts. This is consistent with the amount estimated by the empirical approach and confirms that biological soil crusts are likely to have a strong impact on global atmospheric chemistry via emissions of NO and HONO.
ESD Ideas: a simple proposal to improve the contribution of IPCC WGI to the assessment and communication of climate change risks
Authors: Sutton Rowan T.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The purpose of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is to
provide policy-relevant assessments of the scientific evidence about climate
change. Policymaking necessarily involves risk assessments, so it is
important that IPCC reports are designed accordingly. This paper proposes a
specific idea, illustrated with examples, to improve the contribution of IPCC
Working Group I to informing climate risk assessments.
Subglacial topography, ice thickness, and bathymetry of Kongsfjorden, northwestern Svalbard
Authors: Lindbäck Katrin , Kohler Jack , Pettersson Rickard , Nuth Christopher , Langley Kirsty , Messerli Alexandra , Vallot Dorothée , Matsuoka Kenichi , Brandt Ola
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Svalbard tidewater glaciers are retreating, which will affect fjord
circulation and ecosystems when glacier fronts become land-terminating.
Knowledge of the subglacial topography and bathymetry under retreating
glaciers is important to modelling future scenarios of fjord circulation and
glacier dynamics. We present high-resolution (150 m gridded) digital
elevation models of subglacial topography, ice thickness, and ice surface
elevation of five tidewater glaciers in Kongsfjorden (1100 km2),
northwestern Spitsbergen, based on ∼1700 km airborne and ground-based
ice-penetrating radar profiles. The digital elevation models (DEMs) cover the tidewater glaciers
Blomstrandbreen, Conwaybreen, Kongsbreen, Kronebreen, and Kongsvegen and are
merged with bathymetric and land DEMs for the non-glaciated areas. The
large-scale subglacial topography of the study area is characterized by a
series of troughs and highs. The minimum subglacial elevation is −180 m
above sea level (a.s.l.), the maximum subglacial elevation is
1400 m a.s.l., and the maximum ice thickness is 740 m. Three of the
glaciers, Kongsbreen, Kronebreen, and Kongsvegen, have the potential to
retreat by ∼10 km before they become land-terminating. The compiled
data set covers one of the most studied regions in Svalbard and is valuable
for future studies of glacier dynamics, geology, hydrology, and fjord
circulation. The data set is freely available at the Norwegian Polar Data Centre
(https://doi.org/10.21334/npolar.2017.702ca4a7).
Application of random forest regression to the calculation of
gas-phase chemistry within the GEOS-Chem chemistry model v10
Authors: Keller Christoph A. , Evans Mat J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric chemistry models are a central tool to study the impact of chemical constituents on the environment, vegetation and human health. These models are numerically intense, and previous attempts to reduce the numerical cost of chemistry solvers have not delivered transformative change. We show here the potential of a machine learning (in this case random forest regression) replacement for the gas-phase chemistry in atmospheric chemistry models. Our training data consists of one month (July 2013) of output of chemical conditions together with the model physical state, produced from the GEOS-Chem chemistry model (v10). From this data set we train random forest regression models to predict the concentration of each transported species after the integrator, based on the physical and chemical conditions before the integrator. The choice of prediction type has a strong impact on the skill of the regression model. We find best results from predicting the change in concentration for long-lived species and the absolute concentration for short-lived species. We also find improvements from a simple implementation of chemical families (NOx = NO + NO2). We then implement the trained random forest predictors back into GEOS-Chem to replace the numerical integrator. The machine learning driven GEOS-Chem model compares well to the standard simulation. For O3, error from using the random forests grow slowly and after 5 days the normalised mean bias (NMB), root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 are 4.2 %, 35 %, 0.9 respectively; after 30 days the errors increase to 13 %, 67 %, 0.75. The biases become largest in remote areas such as the tropical Pacific where errors in the chemistry can accumulate with little balancing influence from emissions or deposition. Over polluted regions the model error is less than 10 % and has significant fidelity in following the time series of the full model. Modelled NOx shows similar features, with the most significant errors occurring in remote locations far from recent emissions. For other species such as inorganic bromine species and short lived nitrogen species errors become large, with NMB, RMSE and R2 reaching >2100 % >400 %, <0.1 respectively. This proof-of-concept implementation is 85 % slower than the direct integration of the differential equations but optimisation and software engineering would allow substantial increases in speed. We discuss potential improvements in the implementation, some of its advantages from both a software and hardware perspective, its limitations and its applicability to operational air quality activities.
The UKC3 regional coupled environmental prediction system
Authors: Lewis Huw W. , Castillo Sanchez Juan Manuel , Arnold Alex , Fallmann Joachim , Saulter Andrew , Graham Jennifer , Bush Mike , Siddorn John , Palmer Tamzin , Lock Adrian , Edwards John , Bricheno Lucy , Martínez de la Torre Alberto , Clark James
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper describes an updated configuration of the regional coupled research system, termed UKC3, developed and evaluated under the UK Environmental Prediction collaboration. This represents a further step towards a vision of simulating the numerous interactions and feedbacks between different physical and biogeochemical components of the environment across sky, sea and land using more integrated regional coupled prediction systems at km-scale resolution. The UKC3 coupled system incorporates models of the atmosphere (Met Office Unified Model), land surface with river routing (JULES), shelf-sea ocean (NEMO) and ocean surface waves (WAVEWATCH III), coupled together using OASIS3-MCT libraries. The major update introduced since the UKC2 configuration is an explicit representation of wave processes in the ocean and their feedbacks through wave-to-ocean coupling. Ocean model results demonstrate that wave coupling, in particular representing the wave modified surface drag, has a small but positive improvement on the agreement between simulated sea surface temperatures and in situ observations, relative to simulations without wave feedbacks. Other incremental developments to the coupled modelling capability introduced since the UKC2 configuration are also detailed. Coupled regional prediction systems are of interest for applications across a range of timescales, from hours to decades ahead. The first results of simulations run over extended periods, covering four experiments each of order one month in duration are therefore analysed and discussed in the context of further characterising the potential benefits of coupled prediction on forecast skill, and on the stability of such systems over longer time periods. Results across atmosphere, ocean and wave components are shown to be of at least comparable skill to the equivalent uncoupled control simulations, with notable improvements demonstrated in surface temperature and wave state predictions in some near-coastal regions, and in wind speeds over the sea.
An improved method for calculating the regional crop water footprint based on a hydrological process analysis
Authors: Luan Xiao-Bo , Yin Ya-Li , Wu Pu-Te , Sun Shi-Kun , Wang Yu-Bao , Gao Xue-Rui , Liu Jing
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Fresh water is consumed during agricultural production. With the shortage of
water resources, assessing the water use efficiency is crucial to effectively
manage agricultural water resources. The water footprint is an improved index
for water use evaluation, and it can reflect the quantity and types of water
usage during crop growth. This study aims to establish a method for
calculating the regional-scale water footprint of crop production based on
hydrological processes, and the water footprint is quantified in terms of
blue and green water. This method analyses the water-use process during the
growth of crops, which includes irrigation, precipitation, groundwater,
evapotranspiration, and drainage, and it ensures a more credible evaluation
of water use. As illustrated by the case of the Hetao irrigation
district (HID), China, the water footprint of wheat, corn and sunflowers were
calculated using this method. The results show that canal water loss and
evapotranspiration were responsible for most of the water consumption and
accounted for 47.9 % and 41.8 % of the total consumption, respectively.
The total water footprint of wheat, corn and sunflowers were 1380–2888, 942–1774 and
2095–4855 m3 t−1, respectively, and the blue footprint accounts
for more than 86 %. The spatial distribution pattern of the green, blue and
total water footprints for the three crops demonstrated that higher values
occurred in the eastern part of the HID, which had more precipitation and was
further away from the irrigation gate. This study offers a vital reference
for improving the method used to calculate the crop water footprint.
Measuring Snow Specific Surface Area with 1.30 and 1.55 μm
Bidirectional Reflectance Factors
Authors: Schneider Adam , Flanner Mark , De Roo Roger
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Snow specific surface area (SSA) is an important physical property that directly affects solar absorption of snow cover. Instrumentation to measure snow SSA is commercially available for purchase, but these instruments are costly and/or remove and destroy snow samples during data collection. To obtain rapid, repeatable, and in situ surface snow SSA measurements, we mounted infrared light emitting diodes and photodiode detectors into a 17 cm diameter black styrene dome. By flashing light emitting diodes and measuring photodiode currents, we obtain accurate 1.30 and 1.55 micron bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs). We compare measured snow BRFs with X-ray micro computed tomography scans and Monte Carlo photon modeling to relate BRFs to snow SSA. These comparisons show an exponential relationship between snow 1.30 micron BRFs and SSA from which we calculate calibration functions to approximate snow SSA. The techniques developed here enable rapid retrieval of snow SSA by a new instrument called the Near-Infrared Emitting and Reflectance-Monitoring Dome (NERD).
Publishing trends of journals with manuscripts in PubMed Central: changes from 2008–2009 to 2015–2016
Authors: Topper Lauren , Boehr Diane
Published: October 2018

Objective: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) public access policy mandates that all articles containing NIH-funded research must be deposited into PubMed Central (PMC). The aim of this study was to assess publishing trends of journals that were not selected for the National Library of Medicine (NLM) collection but contain NIH-funded articles submitted to PMC in compliance with the public access policy. In addition, the authors investigated the degree to which NIH-funded research is published in journals that NLM does not collect due to concerns with the publishers.Methods: We analyzed bibliographic data from the NIH Manuscript Submission system for journals that were not selected for the NLM collection from August 2015 to August 2016. Publications (n=738) were analyzed by language, publishing country, publishing format, and subject, and the results were compared to a similar study of 2008–2009 data. In addition, publications were analyzed by whether their publishers are collected by NLM, as determined by transparency and adherence to publishing best practices.Results: Only a few differences were found between the studies. Most notably, while both studies revealed that most journals were not selected for the NLM collection because they were out of scope (i.e., not biomedical), we noted an increase in 2015–2016 in biomedical journals containing NIH-funded articles that were not added to the collection due to concerns with the publishers.Conclusions: While the current number of NIH-funded manuscripts being published by publishers that are not collected by NLM remains quite small, we noted a substantial increase between 2008–2009 and 2015–2016.
Collaboration between health sciences librarians and faculty as reflected by articles published in the Journal of the Medical Library Association
Authors: Akers Katherine G. , Higgins Molly , DeVito Jennifer A. , Stieglitz Sally , Tolliver Robert , Tran Clara Y.
Published: October 2018

A recent study by Higgins and colleagues reports that the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) had the highest percentage of articles with both librarian and faculty coauthors out of 13 peer-reviewed journals in science, technology, engineering, and medicine librarianship and education between 2005 and 2014. A deeper and updated analysis of JMLA research articles and case studies published between 2008 and 2017 revealed that 29% of articles had both librarian and faculty coauthors. The main topics of librarian-faculty collaboration, as described in these articles, were related to patient and consumer health information and clinical information-seeking and decision-making by health care providers. Most faculty coauthors came from the disciplines of biomedical or health informatics and biostatistics and library and information science. The publication of these articles in the JMLA provides evidence of health sciences librarians’ and information specialists’ ability to collaborate with faculty members to advance the knowledgebase and practice of librarianship and the health sciences.
Beverly Murphy, AHIP, FMLA, Medical Library Association President, 2018–2019
Authors: Jones Shannon D.
Published: October 2018

When I think of Beverly Murphy, AHIP, FMLA, three words come to mind: Bold, Brave, Brilliant. In every action that Beverly has undertaken as a health sciences librarian, she has demonstrated an innate ability to just “Be.” Being bold, brave, and brilliant is just what she will need to be as the Medical Library Association’s first African-American president since the association’s founding in 1898.
Atypical Placement of Hemodialysis Catheters in Patients with Complete and Irreversible Obstruction of Central Venous Vessels
Authors: Messina Martina , Morale Walter , Viglianesi Adriano , Malfa Pierantonio , L'Anfusa Giuseppe , Mandalà Maria Luisa , Ettorre Giovanni Carlo , Di Landro Domenico , Patanè Domenico
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This article describes the approach to atypical placement of central venous catheters (CVC) in dialysis patients with complete untreatable obstruction of central venous vessels.

Methods

Five patients with complete obstruction of central venous vessels underwent CT venography and digital venous angiography. After ultrasound-guided and radioscopic-assisted cannulation of the internal jugular vein, permanent CVCs were placed in atypical locations: in two patients a preliminary venous angioplasty was performed to facilitate the catheter positioning in a mediastinal enlarged collateral vein and in a persistent left superior vena cava; in three patients the CVC was placed in the azygos vein, enlarged because of the obstruction of the superior vena cava.

Results

In all cases, we achieved satisfactory morphological and functional immediate results. Hemodialysis (HD) was carried out long term in all patients except one who presented a non-functioning CVC after 4 months. In one case the catheter, still functioning well after 9 months, was removed due to kidney transplantation. The CVC in the left superior vena cava was replaced with a longer one after 12 months, and it is still functioning well 3 months after replacement. The patency of the other two catheters has to date been kept for 9 and 18 months.

Conclusions

The placement of CVC for HD in atypical sites can be considered a viable option in extreme cases; adequate imaging support is paramount in order to facilitate the procedure and to avoid complications.
Anatomical Vascular Variations and Practical Implications for access Creation on the Upper Limb
Authors: Kusztal Mariusz , Weyde Wacław , Letachowicz Krzysztof , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Letachowicz Waldemar
Published: October 2018

Background

A profound knowledge of vascular anatomy and an understanding of vascular access functionality with respect to possible complications are critical in selecting the site for arteriovenous anastomosis.

Methods

Outline of vasculature variations of the upper limb with prevalence reported in literature of at least 1%, which may affect access creation, is depicted in this review.

Results

Over a dozen arterial anatomical anomalies of the upper limb, the most common is “high origin” of the radial artery (12-20%). Superficial positions of brachial, ulnar and radial artery as well as accessory brachial are another possible anatomic variants (0.5-7%). The most variable venous layout on the upper arm is seen in the anatomy of the brachial vein and the basilic vein forming the axillary vein. Three types of basilic vein course on upper arm have been described.

Conclusions

The mapping technique to assess vascular variants facilitate site selection for AVF creation even in cases with previously attempted failed access (misdiagnosed vascular variant could force to secondary options). Thus, a thorough understanding and evaluation of anatomy, taking into consideration the possible vascular variations of the forearm and upper arm, are necessary in the planning of AVF creation and increase the success of AVF procedures.
Comparison of postoperative ultrasound criteria to predict unassisted use of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis
Authors: Lee Timmy , Magill Missy , Burke Steven K. , Blair Andrew T. , Robbin Michelle L. , Allon Michael
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) frequently fail to mature. Postoperative ultrasounds provide objective measurements to predict unassisted AVF use for hemodialysis (unassisted use) and guide interventions to salvage nonmaturing AVFs. The optimal ultrasound criteria to assess AVF maturation are uncertain. We analyzed data from a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial to compare 2 published ultrasound maturation criteria used to predict unassisted AVF use for hemodialysis.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed prospective data on 105 patients undergoing new AVF creation, who underwent standardized postoperative ultrasounds at 6 and 12 weeks to measure AVF diameter and blood flow. Unassisted AVF use was defined as successful cannulation for ≥90 days without requiring prior surgical or percutaneous interventions. Two ultrasound criteria were assessed: (i) National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative criteria: AVF outflow vein lumen diameter ≥6 mm and blood flow ≥600 mL/min; and (ii) University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) criteria: AVF outflow vein lumen diameter ≥4 mm and blood flow ≥500 mL/min. Performance characteristics were calculated for both criteria.

Results:

Compared to the NKF criteria, the UAB criteria had a higher sensitivity (89 vs.68%), but a lower specificity (42 vs. 70%) for unassisted AVF use. For radiocephalic AVFs, the UAB criteria had higher sensitivity (86 vs. 46%) and lower specificity (58 vs. 83%). For brachiocephalic AVFs, both UAB and NKF had high sensitivity (90 and 80%) but low specificity (21 and 53%), respectively.

Conclusions:

Using the UAB ultrasound criteria would minimize unnecessary early interventions in AVFs likely to mature without an intervention, but would delay interventions in AVFs that are unlikely to mature. The UAB criteria may be preferred in patients receiving a radiocephalic AVF.
The effects of discourse topic on global and local markers in Croatian ditransitives
Authors: Velnic Marta
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the impact that discourse topic has on (i) word order (global marking) and (ii) referring expression (local marking), in ditransitive structures in Croatian preschoolers and adult controls. According to general pragmatic principles, the discourse topic argument is expected to be placed before the rest of the sentence, thus complying with the (discourse)topic-comment order (Gundel 1988). The discourse topic argument is also more likely to be expressed with a clitic or omitted altogether (Gundel, Hedberg, and Zacharski 1993). We tested 58 monolingual Croatian children (mean age = 4;4) and 36 adult controls (mean age = 21) in three conditions with different discourse topics (subject, direct object and indirect object). The study consisted of an elicitation task aided by storybooks, with the targeted structures being ditransitives: either direct object-indirect object (DO-IO) or the indirect object-direct object order (IO-DO). The results reveal that, for adult speakers, discourse topic has an impact both on the choice of referring expressions and on word order (discourse topic-comment order), while for child speakers, the effect of discourse topic is limited to referring expressions, as the children use the IO–DO order 75% of the time regardless of discourse topic condition. This is in line with previous studies that find that children mark givenness/newness first on local and then on global markings (Hickmann, Hendriks, Roland, and Liang 1996; Mykhaylyk, Rodina, and Anderssen 2013; Anderssen, Rodina, Mykhaylyk, and Fikkert 2014). We also find that children are over-specific, as their use of NPs is higher than the adults’ use throughout the task (p.value = 0.0006347).
Cultura, neurociencia y espiritualidad : abordaje neuropsico- espiritual en psicoterapia
Authors: Fayard Carlos
Published: October 2018

La última década ha dado lugar a una revolución en el campo de la psicoterapia. Esta revolución no es tal si uno revisa con atención la historia de la psicoterapia. En verdad, esta revolución es un regreso a las fuentes que nutrieron los primeros esfuerzos para desarrollar una psicoterapia científica. Una de las fuentes es la religión y la otra es la neurociencia.Entorno, diciembre 2013, número 54: 20-31