bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact and Effectiveness of Science Communication Training in the Honours Life Sciences Program at McMaster University
Authors: Rodrigues David
Published: February 2023

Proper training in science communication (scicomm) skills are consistently falling short of requirements in higher education. This highlights the need to examine a curriculum as a whole as opposed to a course level view. This study investigates whether or not students in their current undergraduate level are comfortable with performing various scicomm skills, in addition to exploring if the dedicated scicomm courses are effectively teaching students the necessary skills. We administered a survey to students on topics regarding scicomm, and asked them to rate their level of comfort, agreement, ranking of importance, and open-ended questions. Four scicomm skills that had the greatest increase in comfort; Argumentative Writing (12%), Literature Review (15%), Public Lecture- Style Presentation (19%), and Oral Presentation (30%). Alternatively, four scicomm skills had the greatest increase in discomfort; Debate (15%), Audio (18%), Policy Communication (19%), and Public Debate (22%). Upon completion of the scicomm courses, there was an increase in comfort for; oral science communication (22%); selecting and using the appropriate written, oral, and multimedia tools (24%); communicating science in written forms (26%); and personal knowledge of written, oral, and multimedia tools (50%). A small sample size, missing data (voluntary questions), omittance of Life Sciences research seminar courses, and uncertainty if academic level implied one took the course(s) in the same year, were limitations . These findings can inform changes to the existing curriculum in order to facilitate the development of scicomm skills for science students as they progress through their undergraduate degrees.
Postpartum Depression Reporting Within Canadian News Sources (2010-2019)
Authors: Benepal Manmeet , Gill Jasleen , Nagaratnam Subiksha , Patel Krishna , Stancati Noah , Taneja Shipra
Published: February 2023

Postpartum depression (PPD) is often stigmatized and there appears to be a significant lack of representation of PPD in Canadian media outlets. This showcases the necessity for diverse reporting in the media and an increase in awareness of PPD among the general population. The extent to which PPD is underrepresented in Canadian news sources over the past decade has not been evaluated to date. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of articles about PPD published in three popular Canadian newspapers (The Globe and Mail, National Post and Toronto Star) in 2010, 2015 and 2019 using Factiva. We scored the publications based on relevancy, approach to communicating PPD and discussion of resources. In 2010, 66.6% (n=7) of articles retrieved covered PPD, compared to 0% (n=0) and 16.7% (n=1) of articles in 2015 and 2019, respectively. Only articles that discussed PPD as their main focus were included in further analysis. Anecdotes of mothers’ personal experiences with PPD were present in 62.5% of articles (n=5), while only 25% (n=2) included descriptions of fathers’ experiences with PPD. Scientific information about PPD was mentioned in 85.71% of the articles (n=6). There was no discussion surrounding providing support or resources for mothers or fathers experiencing PPD in any of the analyzed articles. Evidently, the number of articles mentioning or discussing PPD has decreased in the last decade. In 2010, there was greater discussion of PPD in media sources, emphasizing relevant science and personal experiences of parents. Articles published in 2010 also included a greater representation of males’ perspectives on PPD.Overall, the analysis suggests a plausible trend in the reporting of PPD and PPD stigmatization, however more research needs to be conducted in order to understand whether or not PPD has become more stigmatized in the last decade.
Black Hole Thermodynamics and Hawking Radiation
Authors: Amjad Muhammad , Hofmann Joey
Published: February 2023

Improvements in detection technology has enabled researchers to discover interstellar phenomena at an exponential rate; the most enticing of such marvels are black holes. Development of black hole thermodynamics have yielded promising interdisciplinary results. This paper will explore the fundamental concepts pertaining to black holes, and a brief outline of the scientific contributions made by notable theorists in their respective fields. These concepts will be followed by an in-depth discussion concerning the fundamental attributes and characteristics of black holes. One concept that will be thoroughly discussed is black hole radiation, a theory developed heavily by physicist Stephen Hawking, which was predicated on research concerning the anatomy and effects of rotating black holes in the universe. Derivations of formulae relevant to Hawking radiation, black hole entropy, and classical black hole dynamics will be done, as these are imperative to the elucidation of such sophisticated concepts. Furthermore, these formulae will be applied to pre-existing interstellar phenomena in order to understand the significance of the theoretical findings. Ultimately, mathematical models will be put to the test using real black holes. A model will also be generated in a Python environment to visually exemplify Hawking radiation for a Schwarzschild black hole. Developing a cohesive understanding of the thermodynamic concepts related to black holes will prove fruitful in the application of scientific knowledge to an ever-changing world enticed by interstellar phenomena.
Physical Demands of Air Force Special Operations Command Flight Crews: A Needs Analysis and Proposed Testing Protocol
Authors: Paschall Jeffrey , Dawes Jay
Published: February 2023

Aircrews within the US Air Force Special Operations Command play a unique role on the battlefield. The physical demands of different aircrew positions can be static and dynamic and require sufficient levels of physical fitness for optimal physical and cognitive performance. This article presents a needs analysis highlighting the occupational demands of the aircrews to fully inform strength and conditioning program designs. In addition, a proposed testing protocol is provided to obtain objective measures required for the appropriate design and progression of training programs.
Precompetition Strategies to Improve Performance in Endurance or Repeated Intermittent Activity: Evidence and Practical Suggestions
Authors: Valcarce-Merayo Eduardo , Latella Christopher
Published: February 2023

Athletes engage in training programs that develop physical and physiological attributes to improve performance over time. However, ensuring athletes are optimally prepared just before competition is also of utmost importance. Indeed, such approaches may often adopt 1 or more strategies in the days, hours, and minutes preceding competition, including exercise priming, active warm-up, and/or postactivation performance-enhancing (PAPE) activities. Despite a plethora of discrete research, such information seems poorly synthesized, making it difficult for coaches and athletes to implement optimal evidence-based physical preparation approaches in many sporting contexts. This article aims to provide a scoping overview of evidence, facilitate discussion, and where possible, propose practical exercise-based recommendations that may be useful leading up to (∼48 hours–∼1 minute) tasks with a short or prolonged endurance component or requiring repeated intermittent efforts (e.g., team-based field sports). Well-timed and -designed activities can facilitate several aspects of physical performance, potentially improve athletes' psychological state(s) and mental preparedness. The benefits of a warm-up are most well-documented, but priming and PAPE strategies also warrant consideration. It is intended that the evidence and suggestions presented will be useful for strength and conditioning professionals preparing athletes for competition.
Using Autoregulation to Safely Return to Weightlifting During Cancer Treatments
Authors: Kozub Francis M. , Faller Justin , Kozub Jesse M.
Published: February 2023

Masters-level weightlifters diagnosed with cancer can return to training as a part of a successful treatment plan. Many older adults at higher risk for cancer participate in masters weightlifting meets worldwide. Resuming activities enjoyed before diagnosis is part of a return to normalcy for these athletes. This article recommends using autoregulation integrated with periodization principles to account for changes in the body due to surgery, side effects from masters cancer treatments, and age-related declines that affect masters athletes. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy require adjusting workouts from prediagnosis levels to insure a safe and successful recovery while athletes experience side effects from treatments. Autoregulation is recommended to help strength and conditioning specialists assist in daily exercise prescriptions for patients with cancer who experience good and bad days during months of treatment cycles. Resistance training is an evidence-based practice for a successful recovery, and existing literature provides a basis for recommendations found in this article to support program development for masters weightlifters returning to advanced resistance training.
Repeated-Sprint Training With Blood Flow Restriction: A Novel Approach to Improve Repeated-Sprint Ability?
Authors: Mckee James R. , Girard Olivier , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Scott Brendan R.
Published: February 2023

Team sport athletes commonly perform repeated short-duration sprints (≤10 seconds) separated by brief recovery periods (≤60 seconds). The ability to maintain performance over a series of sprints is termed repeated-sprint ability (RSA). The physiological limiters of RSA include decreased force production capacity, insufficient energy supply, and metabolite accumulation. These limiting factors can be improved through repeated-sprint training, with greater RSA gains when performing this training with systemic hypoxia (i.e., reduced fraction of inspired oxygen). Exercising with blood flow restriction (BFR) causes localized hypoxia and a substantial metabolite load, which may provide an adjunct training method to improve RSA. Training with BFR augments muscular strength and adenosine triphosphate supply, which may improve subsequent sprint performance. Improved aerobic fitness, phosphocreatine resynthesis, and metabolite removal from BFR training could also enhance between-sprint recovery to resist fatigue. Despite the possible physiological benefits of repeated-sprint BFR training to improve RSA, there are no published reviews to collate this information. Therefore, this review proposes a theoretical framework for how BFR training could combat fatiguing factors and improve RSA based on current knowledge of the physiological impact of repeated-sprint training and BFR. Finally, guidance will be provided regarding how practitioners may implement BFR training to improve RSA.
Model Kepengurusan Organisasi Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja DKM Masjid Di Masjid Al-Furqon Haurgeulis
Authors: Sobirin Sobirin , Zulhayti Zulhayti , Afrig Afrig
Published: February 2023

Meanwhile, in general, a mosque is a holy place for Muslims that functions as a place of worship, a center for religious and community activities that must be fostered, maintained and developed in a regular and planned manner. The purpose of this research is to find out the management model of the Al-Furqon Haurgeulis Mosque DKM organization. The method used in this research is qualitative research with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The Chairperson of the Mosque Prosperity Council is a driving force that encourages existing activities such as: 1) Providing motivation and direction to his subordinates. 2) Develop a work program 3) As a facilitator between activity units 4) Delegate tasks to subordinates 5) As an inspiration.Keywords: Mosque; Model; Motivation; Management AbstrakSecara umum masjid adalah tempat suci umat Islam yang berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah, pusat kegiatan keagamaan, dan kemasyarakatan yang harus dibina, dipelihara dan dikembangkan secara teratur dan terencana. Tujuan penelitain ini adalah Untuk mengetahui model kepengurusan organisasi DKM Masjid Al-Furqon Haurgeulis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Model Kepengurusan Organisasi dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid Al-Furqon Haurgeulis. Ketua Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid adalah sebagai penggerak yang mendorong aktifitas kegiatan yang ada seperti: 1) Memberikan motivasi dan arahan kepada bawahannya. 2) Menyusun program kerja 3) Sebagai fasilisator antar unit kegiatan 4) Mendelegasikan tugas kepada bawahannya 5) Sebagai inpirator.Kata Kunci: Masjid; Model; Motivasi; Kepengurusan
Urgensi Pengaturan Lame Duck Session (Sesi Bebek Lumpuh) dalam Lembaga Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia
Authors: Nuryadin Nuryadin
Published: February 2023

During the transition of power, a phenomenon known as the lame duck session occurred, in which an official whose term of office was about to expire, and his successor had been elected. The change of leadership from an active official to a new official who has been elected based on the election results, basically creates a time gap between the day of determining the election results and the day of the inauguration of the elected officials. Problems that then arise as a result of this are the policies taken by officials who are still active at the end of their term of office, and legal uncertainty in making policies that benefit certain parties. Based on the comparisons made, the lame duck session arrangement contained in the constitutions of other countries is in the form of tightening the election schedule and the appointment of members of parliament, which is aligned with the period of the parliamentary session. The shorter the schedule, the shorter the duration of the parliamentary lame duck session. In Indonesia, setting limits on the holding of general elections, the appointment of elected members of parliament and the schedule for holding the session period need to be contained in the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Considering that this arrangement is political in nature, if it is only stated in legislation, it will be easy for the House of Representatives to make changes in accordance with the interests of the majority of members of parliament.Keywords: lame duck session, Indonesia AbstrakPada masa transisi kekuasaan, terjadi sebuah fenomena yang dinamakan sebagai lame duck session, di mana pejabat yang masa jabatannya akan segera berakhir, dan penggantinya telah terpilih. Pergantian kepemimpinan dari pejabat yang masih aktif ke pejabat baru yang telah terpilih berdasarkan hasil pemilu, pada dasarnya menimbulkan sebuah celah waktu antara hari penetapan hasil pemilu dan hari pelantikan pejabat terpilih. Permasalahan yang kemudian muncul akibat hal tersebut adalah terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan yang diambil oleh pejabat yang masih aktif diakhir masa jabatannya, dan ketidakpastian hukum dalam pengambilan kebijakan yang menguntungkan pihak-pihak tertentu. Berdasarkan perbandingan yang dilakukan, pengaturan lame duck session yang dimuat dalam konstitusi negara-negara lain berupa pengetatan jadwal pemilu dan pengangkatan anggota parlemen, yang diselaraskan dengan masa persidangan parlemen. Semakin singkat jadwalnya, maka durasi lame duck session parlemen menjadi lebih singkat pula. Di Indonesia pengaturan batas penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum, pengangkatan anggota parlemen terpilih dan jadwal penyelenggaraan masa sidang perlu dimuat dalam konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Mengingat pengaturan ini bersifat politis, jika hanya dituangkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, maka Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat akan mudah untuk melakukan perubahan sesuai dengan kepentingan mayoritas anggota parlemen.Kata kunci: Periode Bebek Lumpuh; Lame Duck Session; Indonesia
The Probability of Extra-Constitutional Amendment on the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia: The Politic of Parliament Against its Constitutionalism
Authors: Syanel Muhammad Faiz Putra , Haq Zul Amirul , Putra Muhamad Aljabar
Published: February 2023

Is the constitution a 'product' of Parliament, or is it run its constitutionalism? This question directs the attention of this article to the distinction between glorification and constitutional amendment. The constitution has an unamendable provision that serves as a self-limitation. This restriction is enshrined in constitutional conventions, and it emphasizes that the Parliament cannot rewrite the constitution in a way that abolished the natural character of the constitution. The Parliament, on the other hand, is the organ of government. This body was given the power to amend the Constitution by the Constitution. As a result, it designates Parliament as the greater authority in charge of all organs as well as the constitution. The research of its article uses philosophy and comparative methodology. It took a doctrinal approach to determine the correlation between political will and constitutional normativity while the amendment was in place. The political wills of Parliament are essentially determined by the normativity of the constitution, as the Parliament was born from a constitutional norm. Whereas, according to Hans Kelsen, the constitution existed before all the norms. In this paradox, the constitution was born before the Parliament itself.Keywords: Constitution; Constitutionalism; Natural Character Unamendable Provision, Parliament AbstrakApakah konstitusi merupakan produk dari Parlemen, atau konstitusi menjalankan konstitusionalismenya? Pertanyaan memantik atensi dari tulisan ini yang berfokus pada distingsi antara glorifikasi konstitusi dan proses amandemen. Secara faktual, konstitusi memiliki klausula yang tidak dapat diubah sebagai batasan perubahannya. Limitasi tersebut memiliki fokus pada konvensi konstitusional, dan menegaskan bahwa Parlemen tidak dapat mengubah konstitusi hingga merubah ‘karakter awal’ dari konstitusi itu sendiri. Meskipun Parlemen merupakan Lembaga Pemerintahan, kewenangannya untuk dapat merubah konstitusi pada dasarnya diberikan oleh Konstitusi. Konsekuensinya, Parlemen terdesain secara tidak langsung sebagai lembaga tertinggi yang dimandatkan oleh konstitusi. Untuk mengelaborasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode filosofi dan komparasi hokum. Dengan pendekatan Filsafat, akan didapatkan pandangan atas determinasi hubungan antara kehendak politik dengan normatifitas konstitusi pada saat amandemen sedang berlangsung.  Secara Ideal, kehendak politik parlemen terdeterminasi oleh normatifitas konstitusi, karena parlemen dilahirkan dari Rahim konstitusi. Sedangkan, menurut Hans Kelsen, konstitusi telah lahir jauh sebelum seluruh norma. Dalam paradoks ini, disimpulkan bahwa konstitusi telah lahir jauh sebelum parlemen.Keywords: Konstitusi; Konstitusionalisme; Karakter Konstitusi; Klausula yang Tidak Dapat Diubah; Parlemen
Motivasi Politik Kepala Desa Perempuan Di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Rusta Andri , Hairunnas Hairunnas
Published: February 2023

One of the interesting phenomena in the decentralization and regional autonomy process was the emergence of women’s candidates in direct elections of village heads. The village heads are leading public offices in Indonesia local government. Public office, as well as the political office, directly dealing with the public and providing public services to the community. The appearance of women in the political sphere is a new symptom. A women's political role which women tend to put on the condition and position of powerlessness. Women are seen as complementary sufferers in the world of politics, with direct elections the chance to be village heads to be quite strategic and not easy to be achieved for women. However, in the province of East Java, that proved highly viscous Islamic teachings, quite enough women who occupied it. In the last decade, in several villages in East Java province, some women candidates won the election. The political motivation of the women who served as street-level leader is worth a look from the perspective of gender and culture. This article provides a description of the candidate's motivation of women in local elections at village level. As such, research will be able to explain the political motivations of women more comprehensively.Keywords: Women and Politics; Political Motivation; The Women Village Head AbstrakSalah satu fenomena yang menarik dalam proses desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah adalah munculnya kandidat perempuan dalam pemilihan langsung kepala desa. Kepala desa merupakan jabatan publik terdepan dalam local government di Indonesia. Jabatan publik sekaligus jabatan politik yang secara langsung berhadapan dengan publik dan memberikan pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat. Tampilnya perempuan dalam ranah politik ini adalah gejala baru. Peran politik perempuan yang selama ini cenderung menempatkan perempuan pada kondisi dan posisi ketidakberdayaan. Perempuan hanya dipandang sebagai pelengkap penderita dalam dunia politik Dengan pemilihan langsung, peluang untuk menjadi kepala desa menjadi cukup strategis dan tidak gampang untuk diraih bagi perempuan. Akan tetapi, di Provinsi Jawa Timur yang sangat kental ajaran Islamnya ternyata cukup banyak perempuan yang mendudukinya. Dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir, di beberapa desa di Propinsi Jawa Timur beberapa kandidat perempuan berhasil memenangkan pemilihan kepala desa. Motivasi politik perempuan-perempuan yang menjabat sebagai street level leader ini menarik untuk dilihat dari perspektif gender dan kultural. Artikel ini memberikan penjelasan mengenai motivasi kandidat perempuan dalam pemilu lokal di tingkat desa. Dengan demikian penelitian akan mampu menjelaskan secara lebih komprehensif tentang motivasi politik perempuan.Kata Kunci:Perempuan dan Politik; Motivasi Politik; Kepala Desa Perempuan
Praktik Jual Beli Tanah Garapan Milik Perhutani Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Yunus Yunus , Aminulloh Ali , Iswandi Irvan
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the practice of smallholders in Mekarjaya Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency purchasing and selling land owned by Perhutani in accordance with Islamic law. Perhutani BKPH Haurgeulis, Mekarjaya Village Government, and smallholders were observed in the field to collect data for this qualitative descriptive study. Interviewing, observation, and documentation studies are methods of data collection. According to the findings of the study, farmers in Mekarjaya Village purchased and disposed of arable land through secret agreements or without the knowledge of the landowner (Perhutani). The buying and selling is accomplished by making direct offers to interested parties, who then determine the desired price. If both parties agree, the transaction is completed with a receipt as evidence. Because the object being traded does not belong to the seller, the practice of buying and selling does not meet the criteria. This practice is prohibited by Islamic law because it violates the terms and conditions of buying and selling.Keywords: Buying and selling; Cultivated Land; Islamic law AbstrakArtikel ini mendiskusikan tentang praktik jual beli tanah garapan milik Perhutani oleh para petani penggarap di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Gantar Kabupaten Indramayu ditinjau dari kacamata Hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan data melalui studi lapangan terhadap pihak Perhutani BKPH Haurgeulis, Pemerintah Desa Mekarjaya, dan petani penggarap. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa praktik jual beli tanah garapan oleh petani Desa Mekarjaya dilakukan dengan akad bawah tangan atau tanpa sepengetahuan pihak pemilik tanah (Perhutani). Jual beli tersebut dilakukan dengan cara menawarkan langsung kepada yang berminat kemudian mereka menentukan harga yang dikehendaki. Jika kedua belah pihak setuju maka transaksi dilakukan dengan bukti kwitansi. Praktik jual beli tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat khususnya dalam objek yang diperjualbelikan, karena bukan milik si penjual. Dalam pandangan Hukum Islam praktik tersebut tidak diperbolehkan karena adanya pelanggaran mengenai ketentuan dan syarat-syarat jual beli.Kata Kunci: Jual beli; Tanah Garapan; Hukum Islam
Transformasi Struktur Sosial-Budaya Penyangga Sektor Ekonomi Masyarakat Labuan Bajo Sebagai Daerah Wisata Pasca Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Nitte Yulsy Marselina , Benu Asti Yunita
Published: February 2023

Communication and mindsets, demographic changes, new discoveries, conflicts or revolutions, natural disasters and climate change, wars, and other cultural influences can modify the socio-cultural structure as a buffer for the Labuan Bajo community's economic sector. Labuan Bajo's societal framework developed similarly to other communities. Labuan Bajo residents maintain generational organizational bonds. Labuan Bajo, with tourism as the main source of regional income for the Regional Government of the Province of NTT, underwent a major economic transition. Change demands are significant. Lifestyle, economic, and life activities in all areas of Labuan Bajo have changed. Post-Covid-19 pandemic policies influence community behavior and social and cultural interactions. Due to economic decline, communal quality of life has also declined. Community Return to tourist life. Tourist socio-cultural relationships are still well established, despite new social limits. Traditional markets give travelers native cuisine and goods.Keywords: Socio-Cultural; Tourist Abstract:Komunikasi dan pola pikir, perubahan demografis, penemuan baru, konflik atau revolusi, bencana alam dan perubahan iklim, peperangan, dan pengaruh budaya lainnya dapat mengubah struktur sosial budaya sebagai penyangga sektor ekonomi masyarakat Labuan Bajo. Kerangka sosial Labuan Bajo berkembang serupa dengan komunitas lain. Warga Labuan Bajo menjaga ikatan organisasi generasi. Labuan Bajo dengan pariwisata sebagai sumber utama pendapatan daerah Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi NTT mengalami transisi ekonomi yang besar. Tuntutan perubahan itu penting. Gaya hidup, ekonomi, dan aktivitas kehidupan di seluruh wilayah Labuan Bajo telah berubah. Kebijakan pandemi pasca Covid-19 memengaruhi perilaku masyarakat dan interaksi sosial budaya. Karena penurunan ekonomi, kualitas hidup komunal juga menurun. Komunitas Kembali ke kehidupan turis. Hubungan sosial budaya turis masih terjalin dengan baik, meskipun ada batasan sosial baru. Pasar tradisional memberi wisatawan masakan dan barang asli.Kata Kunci: Perubahan Sosial Budaya; Pariwisata
Pengaruh Teori Hukum dan Implementasinya Dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Helmi Muhammad Ishar
Published: February 2023

The theory has a considerable influence in the field of law because the theory is an important idea that can provide solutions to problems. This is because theory can provide explanations and problem-solving. Within each of the subfields that unite to form the field of legal science, theory can serve as a practical guide that explains how one should approach the topic being studied. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature approach. The results of the study stated that one must have a deep theoretical understanding of legal theory, in order to be successful in the field of law. This is an important requirement, and what must be done to ensure that there are no errors in producing scientific work, namely carrying out a process of academic activities engaged in research or scientific activities.Keywords: Legal Theory; Implementation; Legal System Abstrak:Teori memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar di bidang hukum, karena teori merupakan gagasan penting yang dapat memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan. Hal ini disebabkan karena teori dapat memberikan penjelasan dan pemecahan masalah. Dalam masing-masing subbidang yang menyatu membentuk bidang ilmu hukum, teori dapat berfungsi sebagai pedoman praktis yang menjelaskan bagaimana seharusnya seseorang mendekati topik yang sedang dipelajari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa seseorang harus memiliki pemahaman teori yang mendalam terhadap teori hukum, agar berhasil di bidang hukum. Ini adalah persyaratan penting, dan yang harus dilakukan untuk menjamin tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam menghasilkan karya ilmiah, yaitu melakukan suatu proses kegiatan akademik yang bergerak dalam penelitian atau kegiatan ilmiah.Kata Kunci: Teori Hukum; Implementasi; Sistem Hukum
Perpanjangan Masa Jabatan Presiden Menurut Konstitusi Indonesia
Authors: Helfianti Sutri , Syukriah Syukriah , Iskandar Iskandar
Published: February 2023

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, as the constitution of Indonesia, contains basic rules that are arranged to be used as guidelines or guidelines for the government in carrying out its functions and duties. The Constitution has a role as a barrier to government power in such a way as not to use power arbitrarily. Based on the background of the problems above, the issues that will be discussed are: How is the extension of the President's term of office according to the laws in force in Indonesia? What is the limitation of the term of office of the President in accordance with the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia? This study uses a normative juridical method that emphasizes library research. This means that this research is carried out by paying attention to the applicable laws and regulations. The type of research is qualitative and the approach used is the Statute Approach. This approach is carried out by examining all relevant laws and regulations. Then it is also carried out with a conceptual approach and expert opinion. Limiting the term of office of the President must be carried out according to the constitution, not according to the wishes of the authorities and not also based on political agreements.Keywords: Constitution; Position of President; Indonesia AbstrakUndang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, sebagai konstitusi Indonesia memuat aturan-aturan dasar yang disusun agar dijadikan pedoman atau pegangan bagi pemerintah dalam menjalankan fungsi dan tugasnya. Undang-Undang Dasar memiliki peranan sebagai pembatas kekuasaan pemerintah sedemikian rupa agar tidak menggunakan kekuasaan dengan sewenang-wenang. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan di atas, maka permasalahan yang akan  dibahas adalah: Bagaimanakah perpanjangan masa jabatan Presiden menurut aturan hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia. Bagaimanakah pembatasan masa jabatan Presiden sesuai dengan konstitusi Negara Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Yuridis Normatif yang menekankan pada penelitian kepustakaan Artinya penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara memperhatikan aturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Adapun jenisnya penelitian adalah kualitatif dan pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan Perundang-Undangan (Statute Approach) Pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan menelaah semua peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan. Kemudian juga dilakukan dengan pendekatan konsep dan pendapat para ahli. Pembatasan masa jabatan Presiden harus dilakukan sesuai konstitusi, bukan sesuai keinginan penguasa dan bukan juga atas kesepakatan politik.  Kata Kunci: Konstitusi; Jabatan Presiden; Indonesia
Clinic-Based Financial Coaching and Missed Pediatric Preventive Care: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Schickedanz Adam , Perales Lorraine , Holguin Monique , Rhone-Collins Michelle , Robinson Helah , Tehrani Niloufar , Smith Lynne , Chung Paul J. , Szilagyi Peter G.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Poverty is a common root cause of poor health and disrupts medical care. Clinically embedded antipoverty programs that address financial stressors may prevent missed visits and improve show rates. This pilot study evaluated the impact of clinic-based financial coaching on adherence to recommended preventive care pediatric visits and vaccinations in the first 6 months of life.

Methods

In this community-partnered randomized controlled trial comparing clinic-based financial coaching to usual care among low-income parent-infant dyads attending pediatric preventive care visits, we examined the impact of the longitudinal financial intervention delivered by trained coaches addressing parent-identified, strengths-based financial goals (employment, savings, public benefits enrollment, etc.). We also examined social needs screening and resource referral on rates of missed preventive care pediatric visits and vaccinations through the 6-month well-child visit.

Results

Eighty-one parent-infant dyads were randomized (35 intervention, 46 control); nearly all parents were mothers and more than one-half were Latina. The rate of missed visits among those randomized to clinic-based financial coaching was half that of controls (0.46 vs 1.07 missed of 4 recommended visits; mean difference, 0.61 visits missed; P = .01). Intervention participants were more likely to have up-to-date immunizations each visit (relative risk, 1.26; P = .01) with fewer missed vaccinations by the end of the 6-month preventive care visit period (2.52 vs 3.8 missed vaccinations; P = .002).

Conclusions

In this pilot randomized trial, a medical-financial partnership embedding financial coaching within pediatric primary care improved low-income families’ adherence to recommended visits and vaccinations. Clinic-based financial coaching may improve care continuity and quality in the medical home.
1000 Jahre Nachbarschaft. „Österreicher“, „Tschechen“ und „Sudetendeutsche“
Authors: Suppan Arnold
Published: February 2023

Diese Synthese stellt die nachbarschaftliche Entwicklung der deutsch- und tschechischsprachigen Einwohner im Donau- und Sudetenraum vom 9. bis ins beginnende 21. Jahrhundert dar. Die Darstellung berücksichtigt die politische, wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung über die Jahrhunderte ebenso wie die Kultur- und Mentalitätsgeschichte. Hierbei werden vorerst die Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten im Heiligen Römischen Reich unter den verschiedenen Herrschergeschlechtern – besonders der Přemysliden, Babenberger, Luxemburger und frühen Habsburger – verglichen, ab 1526 die gemeinsame Geschichte in der Habsburgermonarchie mit den Auseinandersetzungen im Dreißigjährigen Krieg und den Reformen unter Maria Theresia und Joseph II. dargestellt. Besonders hervorgehoben wird das Jahrhundert der nationalen „Konfliktgemeinschaft“ – der österreichisch-tschechischen wie der tschechisch-deutschen – zwischen 1848 und 1948, das sowohl das Zeitalter Franz Josephs und den Ersten Weltkrieg als auch die Erste Republik in Österreich und der Tschechoslowakei sowie die Zivilisationsbrüche in der Zeit der NS-Herrschaft und des Zweiten Weltkrieges, schließlich Vertreibung und Zwangsaussiedlung nach 1945 erfasst. Eigene Schwerpunkte stellen der Vertrag von Saint-Germain 1919, das Münchner Abkommen 1938 und die „Beneš-Dekrete“ dar. Abschließend werden die Trennung durch den „Eisernen Vorhang“ 1948, die gesellschaftspolitische Wende von 1989/90 und die neue Nachbarschaft in der EU erörtert.
Use of compression test to determine the Young's modulus of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V manufactured via direct metal laser sintering
Authors: Alkentar Rashwan , File Máté , Mankovits Tamás
Published: February 2023

The research is dedicated to determine one of the most important mechanical properties which is the Young's modulus. Its value is crucial for clearly explaining and understanding the results of any mechanical loading experiment. Three cylindrical samples of 15 mm height and 7.5 mm diameter were designed using SpaceClaim application in the ANSYS Software and then 3D printed using Direct Metal Laser Sintering via EOS M 290 3D printer. The specimens were then tested under compression in order to determine the value of the Young's modulus for titanium alloy of grade 23 (Ti, Al, V, O, N, C, H, Fe, Y). The finite element method was executed using ANSYS mechanical to run a comparison between laboratory results with nominal results of the Young's modulus. Young's modulus value is affected by the 3D printing accuracy and quality, the material's quality as well; however, the deviation is within 10%.
Absolutization: The Source of Dogma, Repression, and Conflict
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2023

What do dogma, repression, and conflict have in common? They all result from human judgement blocked from wider understanding by a false assumption of completeness. This book puts forward a theory of absolutization, bringing together a multidisciplinary understanding of this central flaw in human judgement, and what we can do about it. This approach, drawing on Buddhist thought and practice, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, embodied meaning, and systems theory, offers a rigorous introduction to absolutization as the central problem addressed in Middle Way Philosophy, which is a synthetic approach developed by the author over more than twenty years in a series of books. It challenges disciplinary boundaries as well as offering a substantial framework for practical application.
A‌ ‌violência‌ ‌de‌ ‌gênero‌ ‌como‌ ‌estopim‌ ‌e‌ ‌as‌ ‌redes‌ ‌sociais‌ ‌como‌ ‌propulsoras‌ ‌da‌ ‌Quarta‌ ‌Onda‌ ‌Feminista‌ ‌no‌ ‌Brasil‌
Authors: Cantú Rodrigues Soares Amanda , Mazzarino Jane Márcia
Published: February 2023

Este artigo busca investigar a atual insurreição do movimento feminista no Brasil e a influência das redes sociais neste fenômeno. Para isso, relata a evolução do movimento através das quatro ondas, suas reivindicações e conquistas. A metodologia se apoia em estudos bibliográficos sobre movimentos sociais e sobre o feminismo, bem como no estudo de caso do coletivo feminista brasileiro Não Me Kahlo, e na análise qualitativa das publicações que tiveram como tema a violência, em sua página na rede social Facebook, durante os meses de janeiro e junho de 2019. Desta forma, o artigo considera que a quarta e atual fase do movimento feminista surge por meio de uma indignação feminina coletiva em razão dos crescentes casos de violência de gênero, e se impulsiona e populariza através das redes sociais.
The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS): NTAS-20 Mooring Turnaround Cruise Report Cruise On Board RV Pisces November 4-28, 2021 Newport, RI - Pascagoula, MS
Authors: Bigorre Sebastien P. , Graham Raymond
Published: February 2023

The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations are used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. The NTAS Ocean Reference Station (ORS NTAS) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program (formerly Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division). This report documents recovery of the NTAS-19 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-20 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. The mooring turnaround was done by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), onboard R/V Pisces, Cruise PC-21-07. The cruise took place from November 4 to 28, 2021. The NTAS-20 mooring was deployed on November 12, and the NTAS-19 mooring was recovered on November 13. Limited inter-comparison between ship and buoys were performed on this cruise. This report describes these operations and the pre-cruise buoy preparations. Other operations during PC-21-07 consisted of one CTD cast near the Meridional Overturning Variability Experiment (MOVE) subsurface mooring array MOVE 1-14. MOVE is designed to monitor the integrated deep meridional flow in the tropical North Atlantic.
Chemical controls on the cycling and reactivity of marine dissolved organic matter
Authors:   , Granzow Benjamin N.
Published: February 2023

Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an actively cycling reservoir of carbon containing thousands of unique compounds. To describe the complex dynamics that govern the biological transformation and decomposition of compounds in this molecular black box, models of DOM reactivity use chemical characteristics, as well as environmental parameters, to describe trends in the turnover time of classes of DOM. In this thesis, I describe two projects that examine hypotheses regarding the turnover of two classes of DOM. In the 1st project, I test the assumption made by the size–reactivity continuum hypothesis that high molecular weight (> 1 kDa) DOM (HMWDOM) represents a diagenetic intermediate between large labile material and small recalcitrant compounds. Size-fractions of HMWDOM were collected using size-exclusion chromatography, and the changes in MW and chemical composition of the fractions were studied using diffusion-ordered spectroscopy. The size fraction carbon isotopic values were correlated with the proportion of humic substances in the fractions. Through linear modeling, the apparent radiocarbon ages of the two major components of HMWDOM were determined to be 1-3 yrs and 2-4 kyrs, respectively. Combined with the measurements of MW distribution this work demonstrates that HMWDOM is composed of two components that have contrasting decomposition pathways in the ocean. HMWDOM cannot be treated as a single DOM pool when incorporated into models of DOM diagenesis. The 2nd project in this dissertation examines the remineralization of phosphonates, compounds with a direct C-P bond, in the lower euphotic zone using a newly developed fluorescent assay, which measures the activity of carbon-phosphorus lyase. C-P lyase activity (CLA) profiles from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) showed a sharp activity maximum near the deep-chlorophyll maximum (DCM). High-resolution nutrient measurements suggest that this subsurface CLA maximum is the result of a high nitrate flux at the top of the nitracline. The composition of particulate-P through the euphotic zone was also examined. While phosphonates were not detected in suspended particles, a significant amount of aminoethylphosphonate was measured in sinking material, suggesting eukaryotic material may be an important source of phosphonates to the ocean.
Protein Carbamylation and the Risk of ESKD in Patients with CKD
Authors: Kalim Sahir , Zhao Sophia , Tang Mengyao , Rhee Eugene P. , Allegretti Andrew S. , Nigwekar Sagar , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Lash James P. , Berg Anders H.
Published: February 2023

Significance Statement

Protein carbamylation, a nonenzymatic post-translational protein modification partially driven by elevated blood urea levels, associates with mortality and adverse outcomes in patients with ESKD on dialysis. However, little is known about carbamylation's relationship to clinical outcomes in the much larger population of patients with earlier stages of CKD. In this prospective observational cohort study of 3111 individuals with CKD stages 2–4, higher levels of carbamylated albumin (a marker of protein carbamylation burden) were associated with a greater risk of developing ESKD and other significant adverse clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that protein carbamylation is an independent risk factor for CKD progression. They suggest that further study of therapeutic interventions to prevent or reduce carbamylation is warranted.

Background

Protein carbamylation, a post-translational protein modification partially driven by elevated blood urea levels, associates with adverse outcomes in ESKD. However, little is known about protein carbamylation's relationship to clinical outcomes in the much larger population of patients with earlier stages of CKD.

Methods

To test associations between protein carbamylation and the primary outcome of progression to ESKD, we measured baseline serum carbamylated albumin (C-Alb) in 3111 patients with CKD stages 2–4 enrolled in the prospective observational Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study.

Results

The mean age of study participants was 59 years (SD 10.8); 1358 (43.7%) were female, and 1334 (42.9%) were White. The mean eGFR at the time of C-Alb assessment was 41.8 (16.4) ml/minute per 1.73 m2, and the median C-Alb value was 7.8 mmol/mol (interquartile range, 5.8–10.7). During an average of 7.9 (4.1) years of follow-up, 981 (31.5%) individuals developed ESKD. In multivariable adjusted Cox models, higher C-Alb (continuous or quartiles) independently associated with an increased risk of ESKD. For example, compared with quartile 1 (C-Alb ≤5.80 mmol/mol), those in quartile 4 (C-Alb >10.71 mmol/mol) had a greater risk for ESKD (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.75 to 2.99), and the ESKD incidence rate per 1000 patient-years increased from 15.7 to 88.5 from quartile 1 to quartile 4. The results remained significant across numerous subgroup analyses, when treating death as a competing event, and using different assessments of eGFR.

Conclusions

Having a higher level of protein carbamylation as measured by circulating C-Alb is an independent risk factor for ESKD in individuals with CKD stages 2–4.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2023_04_24_JASN0000000000000078.mp3
Importância do sentido de vida bem-estar para a saúde mental em adultos
Authors: Veras Juliana , Vale Dias Maria da Luz
Published: February 2023

Introdução: Embora exista vasta pesquisa em torno dos conceitos de sentido de vida, bem-estar psicológico e saúde/doença mental, a literatura revela uma quase inexistência de estudos focados na análise destes conceitos quetenham em conta comparações entre adultos em etapas específicas, nomeadamente na etapa da adultez emergente e na meia idade. Objetivos: Pretende-se com esta apresentação proceder à revisão de estudos das variáveis em análise, salientando a sua pertinência e atualidade. No âmbito desta apresentação, visa-se compreender as especificidades deste campo de análise para as duas etapas de desenvolvimento, adultos emergentes e adultos de meia idade. Método: Com base em critérios devidamente delineados, a metodologia adotada é a revisão bibliográfica dos estudos mais relevantes. Resultados: Com base na revisão bibliográfica, foi possível não só analisar a evolução dos conceitos em estudo, mas também perceber as relações existentes entre os mesmos. Foi ainda possível entender o quanto o sentido de vida é estruturante para o ser humano, podendo apresentar-se como muito relevante para etapas de grande mudança como a da adultez emergente. A revisão efetuadapermitiu ainda analisar a evolução do conceito de bem-estar psicológico e saber o que se entende por saúde mental nos dias de hoje. Conclusões: O sentido da vida tem sido positivamente associado à saúde/bem-estar físico/psicológico e à psicopatologia e parece servir como fator mediador na saúde psicológica. Estes três pilares revelam-se como indispensáveis para uma vida saudável e feliz. Finalmente, dado que são escassos os estudos que contrastam etapas da idade adulta que incluam a adultez emergente, concluiu-se pela necessidade de projetos que respondam a esta lacuna, fazendo-se uma proposta de investigação futura.