bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Perawat dalam Mengoptimalkan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja di Rumah Sakit (K3RS)
Authors: Sembiring Nikita Gina Chesena
Published: November 2020

Upaya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan dan keselamatan, pekerja mendapatkan perhatian dari seluruh dunia dengan diprioritaskan occupational health kesehatan kerja dalam kebijakan Health People 2000. Kebijakan yang bersifat global ini ditujukan untuk memperbaiki status kesehatan pekerja, mengurangi faktor risiko di tempat kerja, memperbaiki dan meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan kerja, serta mengurangi terjadinya kecelakaan dan penyakit akibat kerja (Eigisti, Guire & Stone, 2002). Perawat merupakan salah satu sumber daya manusia terpenting dalam manajemen keselamatan kerja karena merupakan profesi yang memberikan pelayanan yang konstan dan terus-menerus selama 24 jam setiap hari. Oleh karena itu, pelayanan keperawatan sebagai bagian integral dari pelayanan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3) jelas mempunyai konstribusi yang sangat menentukan tinggi rendahnya angka kejadian kecelakaan kerja. Sehingga setiap upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas K3 harus disertai upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan keperawatan melalui pengoptimalan peran perawat dalam pencegahan dan penanganan kecelakaan kerja. Oleh karena itu dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan, perawat harus memperhatikan peran yang harus dilakukan saat pemberian asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien, gjuna menghindari terjadinya kecelakaan kerja yang tidak diharapkan.
Prinsip-Prinsip hadits Nabawi Dan Motifasinya
Authors: Nuralisah Siti
Published: November 2020

Hadis yang diyakini sebagai ucapan, perbuatan, ketetapan (taqrir) dan hal ihwal Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan sumber ajaran kedua setelah al-Qur'an. Ditinjau dari segi periwayatannya, hadis Nabi berbeda dengan al- Qur'an. Semua periwayatan ayat-ayat al-Qur'an berlangsung secara mutawatir, sedangkan hadis Nabi diriwayatkan sebagiannya secara mutawatir dan sebagian lainnya diriwayatkan secara ahad. Oleh karenanya, al-Qur'an memiliki kedudukan qat'iy al-wurud, sedangkan hadis Nabi sebagiannya berkedudukan qat'iy al-wurud dan sebagian lainnya bahkan yang terbanyak berkedudukan zanniy al-wurud.Berdasarkan asumsi di atas, maka dilihat dari segi periwayatannya seluruh al-Qur'an tidak perlu dilakukan penelitian kembali tentang orisinalitasnya, sedangkan terhadap hadis Nabi SAW khususnya yang termasuk kategori ahad, maka diperlukan penelitian akan orisinalitasnya.
Pengecetan batas lingkungan maccini baji dan pintu masuk kelurhan tolo
Authors: Amanda Riska
Published: November 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang pkus adalah salah satu kegiatan perkuliahan yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
Observed Score Reliability Indices in Diagnostic Classification Models
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Templin Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Quantifying the reliability of latent variable estimates in diagnostic classification models has been a difficult topic, complicated by the classification-based nature of these models. In this study, we derive observed score reliability indices based on diagnostic classification models as an extension of classical test theory-based reliability. Additionally, we derive conditional observed sum- and sub-score distributions. In this manner, various conditional expectations and conditional standard error of measurement estimates can be calculated for both sum- and sub-scores of a test. The proposed methods provide a variety of expectations and standard errors for attribute estimates, which we demonstrate with an analysis of an empirical test. Moreover, a simulation study revealed the proposed sub-score based reliability index was correlated to a previously developed attribute mastery reliability index.
A body of evidence : ‘feeling in seeing’ predicts realness judgments for photojournalistic images.
Authors: Azevedo Ruben , Tucciarelli Raffaele , De Beukelaer Sophie , Ambroziak Klaudia , Jones Isla , Tsakiris Manos
Published: November 2020

Photography and photojournalism frame our experience of the world, especially in a culture powered by images at an unprecedented level. Images in the digital age and the era of alternative facts mediate our relations to other human beings and make our negotiation between what is real or fake challenging. We investigated how our visceral responses, as the basis of subjective feelings, influence our relation and responses to the authenticity of photojournalistic images. Higher neurophysiological and affective arousal at the first perception of an image predicted the probability with which participants would judge that image as ‘real’ in a subsequent session. These findings highlight the crucial role that physiology plays in engaging us with imagery, beyond cognitive processing. ‘Feeling in seeing’ seems to be a salient signal that at least partly determines our beliefs in a culture powered by images. By considering at the same time the underlying neural, physiological and cognitive mechanisms that guide our responses to images as well as the contextual cultural effects on how these mechanisms are recruited, these findings contribute to long-standing but still timely and multidisciplinary debates in visual culture.
Orange is the New Asylum: Incarceration of Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Crowe Becky , Drew Christine
Published: November 2020

Individuals with disabilities and/or mental health concerns were historically removed from society and placed in institutions and asylums. Advocacy groups, drawing on civil rights movements, protested and lobbied for deinstitutionalization and increased inclusion of disabled individuals in schools and communities (Chapman et al., 2014). Although disabled individuals have more rights and access than ever before, they are still segregated in schools, encounter the judicial system more often, and are murdered by police (Reingle Gonzalez et al., 2016). We examine the history of and ongoing incarceration of individuals with differences in the United States through analyzing contextual variables as well as systemic inequities, including school-to-prison-pipeline, access to services, and prison infrastructure. We offer resources and actionable ways for behavior analysts to begin antiracist and anti-disableist work, apply principles of behavior analysis to address personal and systemic racism, and engage in advocacy toward a more just and equitable future for all.
Observing conflicting actions elicits conflict adaptation
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Braem Senne , Brass Marcel
Published: November 2020

A key prediction of ideomotor theories is that action perception relies on the same mechanisms as action planning. While this prediction has received support from studies investigating action perception in one-on-one situations, situations with multiple actors pose a challenge because in order to co-represent multiple observed actions, observers have to represent more actions in their motor system than they can physically execute. If representing multiple observed actions, like representing individual observed actions, recycles action planning processes, this should lead to response conflict by observation. In 5 experiments, we tested this hypothesis by investigating whether simply seeing two conflicting actions is sufficient to elicit response conflict and therefore adaptive control, in the same way as planning conflicting actions does. Experiments 1-3 provided meta-analytical evidence (N = 262) that seeing two conflicting gestures triggers a reverse congruency sequence effect on a subsequent, unrelated prime-probe task. Experiment 4 (N = 250) replicated this finding in a high-powered study. Finally, Experiment 5 (N = 253) revealed that the same effect was not present when using unfolding abstract shapes instead of moving hands. Together, these experiments show that not just planning but also seeing two conflicting actions elicits adaptive control and provide initial evidence that this is driven by motor conflict. These findings have important implications both for theories of action representation and research on cognitive control.
Physical study of Nickel Serum Level in blood samples from Iraqi populations
Authors: Abbas Shaker Fatimaa , Awad Kadhim Alshebly Shaymaa
Published: November 2020

Trace elements examining of basic biological components in the human and animal body is essential due to the increase and the decrease in them may lead to toxicity. In this study, 32 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer in 32 healthy volunteers were compared. Serum level concentrations of Fe trace elements were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. There was a statistical significant difference in nickel serum levels when comparing the mean of healthy with patient concentration, where the value of P (0.05 > p) was found. The level of serum components in the patient may be important in causing lung cancer.
Safety and Efficacy of Bipolar vs Monopolar Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor- A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pradhan Manish Man , Poudyal S , Chapagain S , Luitel BR , Chalise PR , Sharma UK , Gyawali PR
Published: November 2020

Monopolar Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) has been a gold standard for bladder tumor. Initial studies of bipolar TURBT were promising, however, no high level evidence exists and its exact role remains undefined. We compared the safety and efficacy of bipolar and monopolar TURBT. Primary objective was to compare the incidence of obturator jerk. The secondary objectives included the comparison of decrease in hemoglobin, recoagulation and transfusion requirements, bladder perforation, decrease in sodium, resection syndrome and resection time, hospital stay, detrusor muscle identification and severe cautery artifact in resected specimen in two groups. A randomized control trial was conducted for one year. All patients undergoing TURBT for suspected bladder tumors were eligible. Patient’s refusal to participate, unfitness for spinal anesthesia and lack of tumor in lateral wall were excluded. Of the 118 TURBT done during study period, 48 were excluded and 70 patients, 36 in monopolar and 34 in bipolar arms, were analyzed. The incidence of obturator jerk was less in bipolar arm but not significantly different (26.4% vs. 47.2%, p=0.073). There was no significance difference in most of the secondary outcomes except lesser hemoglobin drop (0.49gm/dl vs. 0.98gm/dl, p=0.016) and lesser resection time in bipolar arm (33.0 mins vs. 46.8mins, p=0.008). Bipolar was not different to monopolar TURBT with respect obturator jerk and most of the secondary outcomes. However, with bipolar TURBT, there was significantly less resection time and although hemoglobin drop was less as well, it was not clinically significant.
Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion
Authors: Devkota Krishna Chandra , Hamal S , Panta PP
Published: November 2020

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.
Abrus Precatorius Toxicity Presenting with Diarrhoea and Encephalopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Ninadini , Karki B , Regmi S , Shrestha PS , Acharya SP , Pathak R
Published: November 2020

Infective etiologies are the first differentials that come to the mind in clinical conditions presenting with diarrhea associated with encephalopathy. We report a case of a 21 year old lady diagnosed as acute infective gastroenteritis and treated for the same only to manifest itself later as encephalopathy leading to a diagnostic dilemma. The clinical manifestations had started from abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea followed by altered sensorium. A detailed history later revealed the use of the roots of Abrus precatorius for the treatment of sub-fertility was the missing piece of the diagnostic puzzle. Only after confirmation of the herb did the temporal sequence of events seemed logical. The patient was successfully managed for toxic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Abrus precatorius is a commonly used herb used in traditional medicinal practice in many cultures. Various aspects of its toxicity can mimic other more commonly encountered medical ailments.
Government expenditure and poverty reduction in the proliferation of new administrative areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Elia Andrie , Yulianto Yulianto , Tiawon Harin , Sustiyah Sustiyah , Indrajaya Kusnida
Published: November 2020

The proliferation of new region in Indonesia is one of the most challenging issues related to regional autonomy, financial management and poverty reduction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between government expenditure and poverty linked to the regional economic activity and labor absorption. The study used a quantitative research by means of time series data collected from the new proliferation areas in Central Kalimantan, including Pulang Pisau, Katingan, East Barito, Seruyan, Gunung Mas, Murung Raya, Sukamara, and Lamandau.  The analysis method used the path analysis to estimate statistical parameters indicating relationship between variables. The research result shows that poverty significantly affects on government expenditure in the new eight regency in Central Kalimantan province. Poverty has also had an impact on government expenditure through the provision of employment and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP).  The local government is expected to manage more effectively regional finances that focus on community economic activities.  The policy also opens  investment opportunity to increase economic activity and create jobs based on the prominent regional product such as agriculture, plantation and mining sectors. Investment can increase employment and indirectly reduce poverty.JEL Classification  H72; I38; J21
Influence of pairing and deformation on charge exchange transitions
Authors: Carranza M. A. , Pittel S. , G. Hirsch Jorge
Published: November 2020

We describe the importance of charge-exchange reactions, and in particular Gamow-Teller transitions, first to astrophysical processes and double beta decay, and then to the understanding of nuclear structure. In our review of their role in nuclear structure we first provide an overview of some of the key steps in the emergence of our current understanding of the structure of nuclei, including the central role played by the isovector pairing and the quadrupole-quadrupole channels in the description of energy spectra and in the manifestation of collective modes, some associated with deformation of the nuclear shape. We then turned our focus to Gamow-Teller (GT) tran- sitions in relatively light nuclei, especially in the 2p1f shell, where isoscalar pairing may be playing a role in competition with the isovector pairing that dominates in heavier regions. Following a summary of the progress made in recent years on this subject, we report a systematic shell model study aimed at providing further clarification as to how these pairing modes compete. In this study, we use a schematic Hamiltonian that contains a quadrupole- quadrupole interaction as well as both isoscalar and isovector pairing interac- tions. We first find an optimal set of Hamiltonian parameters for the model, to provide a starting point from which to vary the relevant pairing strengths and thus assess how this impacts the behavior of GT transitions and the corresponding energy spectra and rotational properties of the various nuclei involved in the decays. The analysis includes as an important theme a com- parison with experimental data. The need to suppress the isoscalar pairing mode when treating nuclei with a neutron excess to avoid producing spurious results for the ground state spin and parity with the simplified Hamiltonian is highlighted. Varying the strength parameters for the two pairing modes is found to exhibit different but systematic effects on GT transition properties and on the corresponding energy spectra, which are detailed.
Information Entropies for H2 and ScF Diatomic Molecules with Deng- Fan-Eckart Potential
Authors: Amadi P. O. , Ikot A. N. , Okorie U. S. , Rampho G. J. , Abdullah Hewa Y , Lütfüoğlu B. C.
Published: November 2020

In this study, the Shannon entropy and the Fisher information is investigated with molecular Deng-Fan-Eckart potential for the diatomic molecules  and ScF in position and momentum spaces in three dimensions for the ground and the excited states. The results were numerically obtained for diatomic molecules. Localization is observed for Shannon entropy and delocalization for Fisher information for both molecules in the position and momentum spaces. The uncertainty relations for the selected diatomic molecules were satisfied accordingly.
The generalized Kudryashov method for the nonlinear fractional partial differential equations with the beta-derivative
Authors: Gurefe Yusuf
Published: November 2020

In this article, we consider the exact solutions of the Hunter-Saxton and Schrödinger equations defined by Atangana's comformable derivative using the general Kudryashov method. Firstly, Atangana's comformable fractional derivative and its properties are included. Then, by introducing the generalized Kudryashov method, exact solutions of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs), which can be expressed with the comformable derivative of Atangana, are classified. Looking at the results obtained, it is understood that the generalized Kudryashov method can yield important results in obtaining the exact solutions of FPDEs containing beta-derivatives.
MELİTTİN VE KANSER TEDAVİSİ: NANOTEKNOLOJİK BAKIŞ AÇISI
Authors: Ağan Aydan Fülden , Kekeçoğlu Meral
Published: November 2020

Kanser insanları olumsuz etkileyen Dünya’da önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite kaynağıdır. Bu hastalıkla mücadele edebilmek amacıyla pek çok farklı doğal kaynaklı üründen faydalanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda gelişen teknolojiyle beraber bu doğal kaynaklı ürünlerden elde edilen bileşiklerin anti-kanser etkilerinin moleküler mekanizmalarının aydınlatılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğal ürünlerden bir tanesi olan ve sitolitik etki gösteren arı zehri bileşenlerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Arı zehri 15’ten fazla farklı peptit ve protein içermekle beraber bunlarda melittin ve fosfolipaz-A2 sitolitik özelliklerinden ötürü çok daha ilgi çekmektedir. Bu bileşenlerin spesifikliğinin artırılması amacıyla çeşitli nanoteknolojik platformlar sunulmuştur. Bu derlemede henüz çok güncel ve halen geliştirilmekte olan arı zehri bileşenlerinin çeşitli kanser türleri üzerinde in-vitro ve in-vivo uygulamalarına dair mevcut literatür bilgisi nanoteknolojik gelişmeler açısından bir araya getirilmiştir.
THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION AND COAGULATION CASCADE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Hazarapetyan L. , Grigoryan S. , Sarksyan A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with prothrombotic or hypercoagulable states, various inflammation markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hsC-reactive protein (hsCRP) have also been associated with AF. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between inflammation markers and the prothrombotic state in the setting of AF and the impact on outcome in patients with AF.
Methods: We observed 141 patients with non-valvular AF. As a control group patients similar in gender and age without AF were examined. Clinical, instrumental and laboratory tests were performed on the observed patients. The markers of the coagulation cascade (TF and F) and of inflammatory markers (hsCRP and IL-6) were studied additionally by ELISA on the analyzer "Stat Fax 303 Plus". Studies were conducted using SPSS 13.0 and EXCEL-2013.
Results: The obtained results showed that compared to the control group, AF patients had significantly higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.043), hsCRP (p = 0.002), TF (p = 0.026), and F (p = 0.025). Moreover, levels of hsCRP were higher among AF patients at "high" risk of stroke by CHA2DS2-VASc Score (p = 0.003). Besides, the levels of hsCRP and IL-6 were markedly elevated in patients with dilated left atrium (p = 0.001), poorly functioning left atrial appendage (p = 0.023) and longer duration of AF (p = 0.002).
Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the increased plasma levels of IL-6 and hsCRP are related to indices of the coagulation cascade and contribute to structural atrial remodeling in patients with AF.
Theory from the Peripheries
Authors: Kojanić Ognjen
Published: November 2020

This article argues for the benefits of a relational approach to understanding centres and peripheries across scales in anthropology, as opposed to an approach based on substantive notions of geographic areas. Based on an extensive literature review, I expose how the salience of the division into Western and Eastern Europe, and, increasingly, into Northern and Southern Europe, obscures the divisions on other scales within and across these divisions. Instead, I argue for thinking relationally about centres and peripheries, highlighting two relevant contributions that the anthropology of postsocialism can make to a European anthropology: one is based on analyses of how places become peripheral, while the other starts from analyses of political-economic changes and their social impacts after the collapse of socialism.
Gender, Curiosity, and the Grand Tour
Authors: Geurts Anna P.H.
Published: November 2020

Discussions of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European travel have long tended to over-apply the model of the grand tour. It is increasingly recognized now that many British journeys to the Continent knew different motivations and itineraries, and were made from different subject positions than that of the young male aristocrat. An alternative model proposed for female travelers has its own limitations, however. It presents women as more open-minded than men, with a greater eye for detail and keen to escape patriarchal confinement at home. Yet female travelers’ wish and capacity to offer an alternative to the grand-tourist gaze was limited. Still, travel, travel writing, and publishing offered women a chance to explore new social models and lifestyles and develop new forms of personal independence.
Argentina and the United States’ “Gender Situations” in Eduarda Mansilla de García’s Trip Memoirs (1882)
Authors: Gruen Linda
Published: November 2020

This article explores the ways in which nineteenth-century Argentine author, Eduarda Mansilla de García, engaged with the issues of women and modernity in her 1882 travelogue,Recuerdos de viaje. It argues that the practice of travel writing served a dual purpose for Mansilla. Publishing a travelogue about the United States enabled Mansilla to trouble Argentine period gender restrictions while at the same critically evaluate North American females. Drawing from theorizations regarding travel writing as a place of power negotiations, I unveil how Mansilla employed her travelogue as a means of validating the cultural capital of Latin American geocultural space in comparison with that of the United States. Consequently, this nineteenth-century Latin American travel narrative did more than the task of light entertainment; it engaged with significant, ongoing period transnational debates regarding modernity, gender, and nation.
To travel is to Look, to Look is to Relate
Authors: Gallegos Eduardo , Otazo Jaime
Published: November 2020

Generally, analyzes of Otto Nordenskjöld’s trip to the Antarctic (1901-1904) ignore the preparations that required a previous trip to Chilean-Argentine Patagonia (1894-1897). Even more, these analyzes forget the Colonial dimension of this expedition. This paper intends to fill this void considering for the analysis two images present in the Swedish travel story. The concept of iconology is proposed here as a link between the image (icons) and the story (logos). The aim is to analyze the iconology to discuss the meaningful configuration of an identity gaze—the Europeans—and a gaze on the otherness—the indigenous. The results show that in the iconology presented in the story and in the images, appear paradoxical elements that allow questioning the relevance of the identity-alterity dichotomy through the appearance of third spaces.
Quest for Identity in Parvin Shere’s Pearls from the Ocean
Authors: Akailvi Urooj
Published: November 2020

This article analyzes the means of self-representation, the conflicts between self/other, and the conscious and unconscious quest for identity by the writer. It attempts to understand travel narratives as being about the journey undertaken in a quest for identity by the traveler/writer, wherein apart from the physical journey of the author the emphasis is laid on the emotional and psychological journey within the author.
Rapid-stretch injury to peripheral nerves: comparison of injury models
Authors: Yeoh Stewart , Warner Wesley S. , Eli Ilyas , Mahan Mark A.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Traditional animal models of nerve injury use controlled crush or transection injuries to investigate nerve regeneration; however, a more common and challenging clinical problem involves closed traction nerve injuries. The authors have produced a precise traction injury model and sought to examine how the pathophysiology of stretch injuries compares with that of crush and transection injuries.

METHODS

Ninety-five late-adolescent (8-week-old) male mice underwent 1 of 7 injury grades or a sham injury (n > 10 per group): elastic stretch, inelastic stretch, stretch rupture, crush, primary coaptation, secondary coaptation, and critical gap. Animals underwent serial neurological assessment with sciatic function index, tapered beam, and von Frey monofilament testing for 48 days after injury, followed by trichrome and immunofluorescent nerve histology and muscle weight evaluation.

RESULTS

The in-continuity injuries, crush and elastic stretch, demonstrated different recovery profiles, with more severe functional deficits after crush injury than after elastic stretch immediately following injury (p < 0.05). However, animals with either injury type returned to baseline performance in all neurological assessments, accompanied by minimal change in nerve histology. Inelastic stretch, a partial discontinuity injury, produced more severe neurological deficits, incomplete return of function, 47% ± 9.1% (mean ± SD) reduction of axon counts (p < 0.001), and partial neuroma formation within the nerve. Discontinuity injuries, including immediate and delayed nerve repair, stretch rupture, and critical gap, manifested severe, long-term neurological deficits and profound axonal loss, coupled with intraneural scar formation. Although repaired nerves demonstrated axon regeneration across the gap, rupture and critical gap injuries demonstrated negligible axon crossing, despite rupture injuries having healed into continuity.

CONCLUSIONS

Stretch-injured nerves present unique pathology and functional deficits compared with traditional nerve injury models. Because of the profound neuroma formation, stretch injuries represent an opportunity to study the pathophysiology associated with clinical injury mechanisms. Further validation for comparison with human injuries will require evaluation in a large-animal model.
Ballistic lobar trajectory outcomes in civilian firearm penetrating brain injury
Authors: Alexopoulos Georgios , Quadri Nabiha , Khan Maheen , Bazai Henna , Formoso Pico Carla , Fraser Connor , Kulkarni Neha , Kemp Joanna , Coppens Jeroen , Bucholz Richard , Mercier Philippe
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is the most lethal of all firearm injuries, with reported survival rates of less than 20%. The projectile trajectory (PT) has been shown to impact mortality, but the significant lobar tracks have not been defined. The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to test for associations between distinct ballistic trajectories, missile types, and patient outcomes.

METHODS

A total of 243 patients who presented with a PBI to the Saint Louis University emergency department from 2008 through 2019 were identified from the hospital registry. Conventional CT scans combined with 3D CT reconstructions and medical records were reviewed for each patient to identify distinct PTs.

RESULTS

A total of 65 ballistic lobar trajectories were identified. Multivariable regression models were used, and the results were compared with those in the literature. Penetrating and perforating types of PBI associated with bitemporal (t-statistic = −2.283, p = 0.023) or frontal-to-contralateral parietal (t-statistic = −2.311, p = 0.025) projectile paths were universally found to be fatal. In the group in which the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at presentation was lower than 8, a favorable penetrating missile trajectory was one that involved a single frontal lobe (adjusted OR 0.02 [95% CI 0.00–0.38], p = 0.022) or parietal lobe (adjusted OR 0.15 [95% CI 0.02–0.97], p = 0.048). Expanding or fragmenting types of projectiles carry higher mortality rates (OR 2.53 [95% CI 1.32–4.83], p < 0.001) than do nondeformable missiles. Patient age was not associated with worse outcomes when controlled by other significant predictive factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with penetrating or perforating types of PBI associated with bitemporal or frontal-to-contralateral parietal PTs should be considered as potential donor candidates. Trauma patients with penetrating missile trajectories involving a single frontal or parietal lobe should be considered for early neurosurgical intervention, especially in the circumstances of a low GCS score (< 8). Surgeons should not base their decision-making solely on advanced patient age to defer further treatment. Patients with PBIs caused by nondeformable types of projectiles can survive multiple simultaneous intracranial missile trajectories.
Femoral nerve decompression and sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers for partial femoral nerve injury: a cadaveric study and early case series
Authors: McInnes Colin W. , Ha Austin Y. , Power Hollie A. , Tung Thomas H. , Moore Amy M.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Partial femoral nerve injuries cause significant disability with ambulation. Due to their more proximal and superficial location, sartorius branches are often spared in femoral nerve injuries. In this article, the authors report the benefits of femoral nerve decompression, demonstrate the feasibility of sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers in a cadaveric study, describe the surgical technique, and report clinical results.

METHODS

Four fresh-frozen cadaveric lower limbs were dissected for anatomical analysis of the sartorius nerve. In addition, a retrospective review of patients with partial femoral nerve injuries treated with femoral nerve decompression and sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers was conducted. Pre- and postoperative knee extension Medical Research Council (MRC) grades and pain scores (visual analog scale) were collected.

RESULTS

Up to 6 superficial femoral branches innervate the sartorius muscle just distal to the inguinal ligament. Each branch yielded an average of 672 nerve fibers (range 99–1850). Six patients underwent femoral nerve decompression and sartorius-to-quadriceps nerve transfers. Four patients also had concomitant obturator-to-quadriceps nerve transfers. At final follow-up (average 13.4 months), all patients achieved MRC grade 4−/5 or greater knee extension. The average preoperative pain score was 5.2, which decreased to 2.2 postoperatively (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Femoral nerve decompression and nerve transfer using sartorius branches are a viable tool for restoring function in partial femoral nerve injuries. Sartorius branches serve as ideal donors in quadriceps nerve transfers because they are expendable, are close to their recipients, and have an adequate supply of nerve fibers.
A comprehensive epidemiological review of spinal astrocytomas in the United States
Authors: Shao Jianning , Jones Jaes , Ellsworth Patrick , Habboub Ghaith , Cioffi Gino , Patil Nirav , Ostrom Quinn T. , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Kshettry Varun R. , Recinos Pablo F.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare tumor whose epidemiology has not been well defined. The authors utilized the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) to provide comprehensive up-to-date epidemiological data for this disease.

METHODS

The CBTRUS was queried for SCAs on ICD-O-3 (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition) histological and topographical codes. The age-adjusted incidence (AAI) per 100,000 persons was calculated and stratified by race, sex, age, and ethnicity. Joinpoint was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence.

RESULTS

Two thousand nine hundred sixty-nine SCAs were diagnosed in the US between 1995 and 2016, resulting in an average of approximately 136 SCAs annually. The overall AAI was 0.047 (95% CI 0.045–0.049), and there was a statistically significant increase from 0.051 in 1995 to 0.043 in 2016. The peak incidence of 0.064 (95% CI 0.060–0.067) was found in the 0- to 19-year age group. The incidence in males was 0.053 (95% CI 0.050–0.055), which was significantly greater than the incidence in females (0.041, 95% CI 0.039–0.044). SCA incidence was significantly lower both in patients of Asian/Pacific Islander race (AAI = 0.034, 95% CI 0.028–0.042, p = 0.00015) and in patients of Hispanic ethnicity (AAI = 0.035, 95% CI 0.031–0.039, p < 0.001). The incidence of WHO grade I SCAs was significantly higher than those of WHO grade II, III, or IV SCAs (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall AAI of SCA from 1995 to 2016 was 0.047 per 100,000. The incidence peaked early in life for both sexes, reached a nadir between 20 and 34 years of age for males and between 35 and 44 years of age for females, and then slowly increased throughout adulthood, with a greater incidence in males. Pilocytic astrocytomas were the most common SCA in the study cohort. This study presents the most comprehensive epidemiological study of SCA incidence in the US to date.
Некоторые современные вопросы терминографии
Authors: Дубичински Владимир
Published: November 2020

В статье раскрывается основной спектр вопросов, которые в настоящее время решает терминография – синтетическая наука о теории и практике создания терминологических словарей. Освещаются: наиболее важные проблемы современной теории терминографии; основные виды и этапы создания терминологических словарей; требования к ним; алфавитный, алфавитно-гнездовой и идеографический принципы составления словарей; стандартизация терминологии как вид терминографической деятельности; учебная терминография; компьютеризация терминографии и др.
Patriarchat i patriarchowie Seleucji-Ktezyfontu. Z dziejów starożytnego Kościoła w Persji
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The Ancient Persian Church came under the influence of the Latin Church in terms of its church structures as well as its theological foundations. It wanted to prove its independence, equal rights and richness of tradition. Arguments in synodical protocols of the Oriental Orthodox Church should be investigated in the context of developing a metropolitan system and an ideology of patriarchate in the Church of Antioch.Evidence were being presented to support the theory that Babylon was not only the sacred land, which gave birth to Abraham, father of faith, but also that the Christian faith was accepted there for the first time.
Rola pontyfikatu Cyryla (412-444) w procesie umacniania potęgi patriarchy aleksandryjskiego w Kościele wczesnobizantyńskim
Authors: Hołasek Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The author analyzes the content of Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History) by Socrates Scholasticus as well as the documents contained in the series Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum to depict political conditions of the pontificate of Bishop Cyril of Alexandria (412-444). In the article the scholar shows the ways in which Cyril’s actions influenced reinforcing of the Egyptian Patriarchate position in the Eastern Church. From the first years of his pontificate Cyril was very know­ledgeable about political situation at the imperial court in Constantinople. Juvenile Theodosius was influenced by her older sister Pulcheria and changing prefects at her side. Court coteries fought each other to win the regentess’ favour. The Court performed anti-Jewish and antipagan policy. Cyril took advantage of it to get rid of his serious opposition. He expelled Jews from the city and led to killing of a woman-philosopher Hypatia, who centered the pagan establishment around her. He also crushed prefect Orestes, who acted against his tyranny. The situation has changed in 428. Emperor Theodosius grew up and began to make their own deci­sions. The monks of Egypt came to the capital to lodge a complaint about Cyril to the Emperor. Theodosius designated Nestorius, the Bishop of Constantinople, to investigate the complaint. It seriously threatened to the Egyptian patriarch with loss of his rank and of being hound out of the country. At the same time Nestorius supported calling the mother of Jesus Christ with the name Theothokos. Cyril decided to use this fact to accuse the bishop of heresy. It was his way of divert­ing the public attention from the charges against himself. In the article the author, basing on source materials, strives to prove that all Cyril’s moves arose due to his determination to retain his position to date. Theological issues were of secondary importance to him. He had no scruples in accomplishing his goals. Violence, brib­ery, propaganda, instigating and inciting the people of Ephesus were his methods. Cyril managed to defeat Nestorius thanks to his flair for politics and tracking cur­rent information. Cyril’s activities not only strengthened the position of Egyptian patriarchate in the eastern church but also led to gain a temporary control over the Constantinople bishopric, as Maximianus, Nestorius successor, was a henchman of the Bishop of Alexandria.
Idea pentarchii jako rękojmia jedności Kościoła w dobie ikonoklazmu. Stanowisko Teodora Studyty
Authors: Kashchuk Oleksandr
Published: November 2020

From the first half of the eighth century until the mid-ninth century the Church of Constantinople struggled with heretical iconoclast movement. Dur­ing the period of iconoclasm, St. Theodore of Studium (759-826) stood at the side of the defenders of the cult of images. He was a great thinker and abbot of the Studium monastery near Constantinople. One of the main themes he discussed was an independant status of Church from secular power, which frequently intervened in issues relating to faith and morals. St. Theodore of Studium wanted to prove that the Church dogmas and rules derive not from emperors, but bishops. In this context, his idea resembles the concept of pentarchy. According to St. Theodore, the guarantee of orthodoxy, which is the basis for the unity of the universal Church, is rooted in ecclesial body of pentarchy. Decisions about divine and celestial dogmas are entrusted to five patriarchs, who should be characterized by unanimity to reach a joint deci­sion at the universal council. All of them together have the highest position in the Church and their consent is necessary for recognition of the ecumenical council. Among the five patriarchs the privileged position has the patriarch of Rome, without whom no ecumenical council can be called. The Roman Church is the reference point and stands at the center of the unity of Church. St. Theodore of Studium considered the primacy of the bishop of Rome not in isolation from other patriarchates but in orbit of the entire Church.
Czy smutny i ckliwy potrafi się cieszyć? Rzecz o Grzegorzu z Nazjanzu
Authors: Zagórski Dariusz
Published: November 2020

This article is aimed as an objective description of the character of Gregory of Nazianzus, written in the light of the realities of life and spiritual experience, which may revise the existing opinions about the Author, relating to his perso­nality, attitude and choices, as they are often one-sided, unjust and wrongful. This study presents Gregory as pastor concerned for the Church who grieves for its internal tearing as well as for „his colleagues in episcopacy” self-interest. It treats about personal aspects of his life often marked by suffering and difficult ex­perience. In this context, the article also points to the source of joy and optimism of life, which is support for the needy and those who lost the meaning of life.
Radość (gaudium) w nauczaniu św. Augustyna
Authors: Eckmann Augustyn
Published: November 2020

Notes of St. Augustine on joy (gaudium) are based on both the philosophical tradition and the Bible. Bishop distinguishes the true joy from the false one. These two types of joy differ in the subject of happiness and its quality. True joy is pu­rely spiritual (gaudium spiritale), aimed to eternal life, while the false joy turns to the worldly possessions. In this life is possible the joy that comes from hope (gaudium de spe), a real joy (gaudium de re) meet only in the future life. Everyday joy, which is consistent with reason and truth, leads to the eternal joy. The true joy arises when one attains the highest goal. It meets in God and is permanent.
Terminologia dotycząca pokory i pychy w pismach greckich Ojców Kościoła IV wieku
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: November 2020

The aim of the presented paper is to analize the terminology describing humil­ity and pride that appears in the writings of the Greek Fathers of the Church of the 4th century (Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa, John Chrysostom). To describe a humility they used the traditional terms that derived from ancient philosophy and were also well known in the Septuagint and in the New Testament writings; and used in the letters by Saint Paul and Saint Peter. The ancient Greek thought didn’t know a virtue of humility, so the philosophers didn’t use the last of these terms. However, the first two were used in the ancient Greek literature, but usually in a pejora­tive sense and meant „smallness”, „weakness”, „misery”. In the works of Greek Fathers of the Church the adjective and the substantive had a wider semantic field than the substantive „virtue of humil­ity”. They could have meant the virtue of humility, as well as a natural state of abasement of man as a created being; or a humiliation caused by the sin, and even all lowliness in the world of spirit and matter. The terms associated with the pride, used by the Greek Fathers of the Church, remained unchanged since the time of ancient Greek philosophy and literature, which devoted to this fault not less space than later Christianity.
Ks. Antoni Żurek, „Mysterium passionis – corpus et sanguis Christi – communio”. Eucharystia sakramentem wtajemniczenia chrześcijańskiego w Kościele łacińskim czwartego i początku piątego wieku, Studia Antiquitatis Christianae. Series Nova 14, Katowice 201
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Ks. Józef Pochwat MS, „Misterium iniquitatis”. Studium tajemnicy nieprawości w dziełach Jana Kasjana (360-435), Kraków 2012, Wydawnictwo La Salette, ss. 384.
Authors: Sobiech Marcin
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Tomáš Špidlík, Perełki Ojców Kościoła, tłum. Andrzej Babuchowski, Warszawa 2010, Wydawnictwo Księży Marianów, ss. 144.
Authors: Trzebuniak Józef
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON EXPORT OF HIGH-TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATORY QUALITY
Authors: ÖZSOY Seren
Published: November 2020

This study aims to reveal whether financial development and regulatory efficiency have a noteworthy role in developing countries ' relationship between foreign direct investment and export of high-tech products. Rich panel data from 70 developing countries for the period 2002-2015 are used in the analysis to examine the relevant relationship. The Generalized Moments Method (GMM) is utilized in the study, since it allows to control the endogeneity relationship between variables. Findings shows that financial development and regulatory quality level affect the contribution of FDI on exports of high-tech products in developing countries. According to results, in countries where regulatory quality and financial development level are higher, FDI may contributes positively to export of high technology products. However, it couldn't be found any significant relationship for countries which have less regulatory quality and financial development level.
ÖĞRENCİ VE VELİLERİN ÖĞRETMEN KAVRAMINA İLİŞKİN METAFORİK ALGILARI
Authors: GENCER Muharrem
Published: November 2020

Bu araştırmada, öğrenci ve velilerin, öğretmen kavramı ile ilgili algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Nitel olarak tasarlanan araştırmada, fenomenolojik desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, kolay ulaşılabilir durum örnekleme tekniği ile belirlenen 252 öğrenci ve 90 veliden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların oluşturdukları metaforlar içerik analizi yaklaşımı ile çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen araştırma bulgularına göre, öğretmen kavramına ilişkin üretilen 107 metafor, 10 kavramsal kategori altında toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların öğretmen kavramı için en sık pusula, anne-baba, melek, anne ve bahçıvan metaforlarını kullandıkları görülmüştür. Metaforların ortak özellikleri dikkate alınarak oluşturulan kategorilerden en çok sevgi unsuru olarak öğretmen, bilginin kaynağı ve aktarıcısı olarak öğretmen ve yol gösterici olarak öğretmen kategorilerinde metafor üretildiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları dikkate alındığında, katılımcıların genellikle öğretmen kavramı ile ilgili olumlu algılara sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ancak öğrencilerin, velilerden farklı olarak sevilmeyen ve cezalandırıcı kategorisini temsil eden metaforlar da kullandıkları görülmüştür.
The development and validation of the math interest behavioral indicators scale
Authors: Tyumeneva Yulia A. , Obukhov Aleksey S. , Finogenova Olga N.
Published: November 2020

The goal of the paper was twofold. First, we intended to show that a prevalent approach to assessing domain-specific interests and attitudes through generalized items (I like math) has serious flaws, especially when applying to children in large-scale surveys. We demonstrated these flaws with the Scale of attitudes to math used in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Second, we showed an alternative approach to assessing interests through behaviorally anchored items developed in the framework of the interest development theory. The new Math Interest Behavioral Indicators Scale (MIBI) proved not only excellent psychometric characteristics, but it also discriminated children who were from advanced math programs and who were not, what the TIMSS scale did not do. The importance of theory for scale development is discussed.