bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylodynamics of hepatitis B virus genotype B in East Asia: A population genomics analysis
Authors: Y. C. Lin Serena , C. Y. Woo Patrick
Published: January 2025

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype B (HBV/B) is the predominant strain in Taiwan and several East Asian countries. Objective: The aim of this study is to use comprehensive phylogenetic analysis tools to monitor the long-term molecular evolution dynamic of HBV genotype B population in East Asia. Methods: In this study, full genome sequences of HBV with temporal information were extracted from GenBank and analyzed using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to identify best-fitting coalescent models. Results: Bayesian Skygrid analysis revealed a viral effective population (phylodynamic) bottleneck for HBV/B in 2003, a pattern similar to the previously described HBV genotype C (HBV/C). Despite these similarities, the viral dynamics for HBV/B and HBV/C diverged after 2005. HBV/C exhibited a marked decrease in genetic diversity across East Asia, whereas HBV/B maintained stable genetic diversity after 2005. Phylogeographic analysis using Neighbor-Joining and Bayesian maximum clade credibility trees indicated that Taiwan was likely the geographic origin of the most recent common ancestor of HBV/B in East Asia. An early clade spread to Japan and subsequently to the West Coast of the United States of America. Another clade dispersed to China, spread widely across the region, and was reintroduced to Taiwan multiple times. In contrast, HBV/C likely originated in China and spread to Japan, Korea, and Taiwan over several decades. Conclusion: This study highlights the similarities and differences between the viral dynamics and geographical evolutionary pathways between HBV/B and HBV/C.
Analisis Tindak Tutur Penolakan Dalam Keluarga Pada Drama Kyou Mo Iyagarase Bentou : Kajian Pragmatik
Authors: Amalia Aan
Published: January 2025

This study aims to find out about the speech acts of refusal that are generally used in Japanese families. The research method used is a descriptive method with pragmatic equivalent data analysis.The object of research is the drama Kyou Mo Iyagarase Bentou. In the drama Kyou Mo Iyagarase Bentou, it was found that speech acts of rejection in Japanese families almost do not use the concept of aimai to protect the feelings of the interlocutor, while speech acts of rejection in Japanese society in general are delivered politely and carefully and even seem ambiguous. Japanese people usually do not want to offend their conversation partner, in accordance with Japanese culture with the concept of aimai, but statements of rejection within the family are conveyed as they are.From the research results, seven (7) indirect rejection speech acts were found in dialogues 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, two (2) direct rejection speech acts in dialogues 1 and 6. This indicates that even though when refusing you do not think about the feelings of the conversation partner, you still consider the feelings of the conversation partner by not directly stating the refusal that is being conveyed. Keyword : speech act, refusal, drama, direct, indirect
Era Amatir Sepakbola Jepang dan Pengaruh Konsep Shokuba Supotsu (職場スポーツ) (1965-1992)
Authors: Robbani Muhammad , Ong Susy
Published: January 2025

Abstract This article reviews the long amateur era of Japanese football which was heavily influenced by the concept of Shokuba Supotsu (workplace sport/職場スポーツ). The amateur era of Japanese football arguably began in 1921, as marked by the birth of the Emperor's Cup tournament. Later, there was also Japan Soccer League (日本サッカーリーグ, Nihon Sakkā Rīgu/JSL), an amateur competition held from 1965 to 1992. At first, the Emperor's Cup was dominated by teams from educational institutions. Then started to change from 1963, with the presence of corporate clubs in the Emperor's Cup. Since then, corporate clubs have begun to dominate Japanese football competitions. However, these corporate clubs are run amateurishly because they do not apply aspects of professional football. Players (who are also employees of their team's corporation) must divide their time between working for their company and playing in football competitions. So corporate players do not focus on carrying out their activities as footballers. The Japanese football amateur era stopped in 1992 when the JSL competition changed to J. League in 1993. Only professional clubs could participate in J. League, so amateur corporate football clubs didn’t have a reason to exist anymore since they should transform into professional clubs. This paper uses a literature study method from previous studies with similar themes. Before becoming an Asian football powerhouse like today, Japanese football had difficulty to develop because football was run in an amateur way.
Analysis of Oceanographic Variabels (Temperature, Salinity, Dept) and Food Habits of Spatial Distribution Blue Swimmer Crab in Semarang Waters
Authors: Isnawati Nadiya , Hartoko Agus , Febrianto Sigit
Published: January 2025

The sand characteristik of the Semarang waters becomes one of the suitable habitats for swimming crab. Become Crab live in 2-50 m. The commodity has an attraction for fisherman, because of the high selling price and keeping interest among seafood lovers. High demand for crab in both domestic and non domestic markets encourage crab fisherman to catch large crabs by infrige to allowable sustainable size of crab. The existence of this research encourages efforts to manage crab resources through the aspects of biology, temperature, salinity, depth and crab food habits. The study start on Agust 08, 2019 to September 26, 2019. The purpose of the study was to determine the spatial distribution of temperature, salinity of crab catches, food composition and the relationship of temperature, salinity variables to crab catches. The method used in this research is the survey method, where the crab data is purposive sampling method. The variables used are temperature, salinity and depth. The result of the study found that the spatial distribution of water temperatures ranged from 26-29ºC, salinity ranged from 32 to 36 ‰ and dept ranged from 10 to 30 m, while the result of identification of 14 small crabs obtained that the digestive contents of all crabs were phytoplankton, mollusca, fish, shrimp and non identifiable material. The results of simple linear regression between temperature, salinity, depth with the crab catch each of R2 = 0.108, R2= 0.6814, depth value of R2 = 0,656.
Status Kualitas Air dan Trofik-Saprobik Perairan di muara Sungai Serayu, Cilacap
Authors: Minawati Iis , Anggoro Sutrisno , A'in Churun
Published: January 2025

Muara Sungai Serayu terletak di Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, yang salah satu fungsinya adalah sebagai jalur migrasi ikan sidat (Anguila spp.). Pembuangan limbah PLTU, penambangan pasir dan limbah domestik ke dalam Muara ini diduga memberikan dampak negatif, yaitu dapat menurunkan kualitas perairan yang berpotensi terganggunya kehidupan biota akuatik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan muara akibat adanya masukan limbah dan hubungannya dengan kualitas air. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Oktober dan November 2019 di Muara Sungai Serayu dan Bendung Gerak Kebasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purpossive Random Sampling dengan analisis deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di 4 stasiun dengan 7 titik sampling.  Metode analisis kesuburan perairan menggunakan analisis TROSAP (Trofik-Saprobik), dengan pendekatan TSI (Trofik-Saprobik Index). Pendekatan TSI ini menggunakan parameter jenis fitoplankton yang ditemukan di Muara Sungai Serayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Komunitas fitoplankton yang terdapat di muara Sungai Serayu terdapat 24 spesies pada pasang dan surut. Berdasarkan nilai kelimpahan dengan rata-rata 129.000 sel/L pada kondisi pasang dan 120.643 sel/L pada kondisi surut.  Rata-rata nilai Saprobik Indeks (SI) pada saat pasang 1,28 dan 1,2 pada saat surut dan Tropik Saprobik Indeks 1,79 ketika pasang dan 1,52 ketika surut. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tingkat pencemaran di muara Sungai Serayu selamapenelitian dikategorikan sebagai pencemaran ringan(oligosaprobik-β – Mesosaprobik )
Biokonsentrasi Dan Kelayakan Konsumsi Mingguan Logam Berat Tembaga (Cu) Pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Morosari, Demak
Authors: Rahmadhati Kharisma Yulia , Rudiyanti Siti , Sabdaningsih Aninditia
Published: January 2025

Perairan Morosari menjadi lintasan pembuangan limbah dari kawasan industri sepanjang Jl. Raya Semarang-Demak yang diduga berpotensi tercemar logam berat. Kerang hijau (Perna.viridis) merupakan salah satu produk perikanan bernilai ekonomis tinggi, apabila biota tersebut mengakumulasi logam berat secara berlebihan dapat membahayakan manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2020 di Perairan Morosari, Demak bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi logam berat Cu pada air dan kerang hijau, mengetahui perbedaan dan hubungan konsentrasi Cu pada air dengan P.viridis, serta mengetahui nilai BCF (Bioconcentration Factor) dan MTI (Maximum Tolerable Intake). Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis logam berat menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi Cu pada air berkisar <0,002 – 0,007 mg/L, sementara pada P. viridis berkisar 0,062 – 0,145 mg/kg. Konsentrasi tersebut masih di bawah baku mutu berdasarkan KepMen LH No. 51 Tahun 2004 dan Direktorat POM No. 03725/B/SK/VII/89. Terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi Cu pada air dengan P.viridis, Sig. (0,000) < 0,05. Hubungan konsentrasi Cu pada air dengan P.viridis menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat, R sebesar 0,696. Tingkat akumulasi Cu pada P.viridis berdasarkan hasil perhitungan BCF termasuk kategori akumulatif rendah. Kelayakan konsumsi mingguan untuk individu dengan berat badan 60 kg diperoleh nilai MTI rata-rata sebesar 2,348 kg/minggu.
Status Perikanan Ikan Tuna Mata Besar (Thunnus obesus) Yang Didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Cilacap
Authors: Zahra Sarah Az , Ghofar Abdul , Solichin Anhar
Published: January 2025

Ikan Tuna Mata Besar merupakan ikan pelagis besar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di bidang ekspor. Tingginya kebutuhan terhadap Tuna Mata Besar mengakibatkan peningkatan intensitas penangkapan yang dilakukan hampir di seluruh perairan Indonesia, termasuk di perairan selatan Jawa yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap. Hal ini dikhawatirkan akan mengancam kelestarian sumberdaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan CPUE, nilai Maximum SuistainableYield (MSY), mengetahui potensi perikanan melalui struktur ukuran dan nilai Lc50% dan status tingkat pemanfaatan Tuna Mata Besar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 – Januari 2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode acak sederhana, dimana sampel yang diambil berdasarkan kelompok ukuran. Data primer yang dikumpulkan yaitu data panjang ikan, daerah penangkapan, serta produksi dan trip dengan pengambilan data sebanyak dua dalam satu bulan. Sedangkan data sekunder yang dibutuhkan yaitu data produksi dan trip penangkapan tahun 2010-2019. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ukuran ikan berkisar 45-175 cmFL dengan nilai Lc50% sebesar 121,5 cmFL dimana tergolong sudah layak tangkap. Perkembangan CPUE standar sepuluh tahun terakhir cenderung meningkat dengan nilai MSY 1921,64 ton dan F optimum 946 trip. Tingkat pemanfaatan setiap tahunnya berbeda, tahun 2019 menjadi data teraktual untuk saat ini dengan kegiatan tingkat pemanfaatan 69%, namun dengan hasil tangkapan melebihi potensi lestari. Kondisi ini diduga adanya upaya penangkapan overproductive dimana dapat terjadi karena teknologi penangkapan yang semakin modern, besar kapal dan daerah penangkapan yang semakin luas. Status perikanan kegiatan tingkat pemanfaatan Tuna Mata Besar saat ini sudah termasuk dalam kondisi overfishing.
Unveiling the photosynthesis and translocation efficiency in Indian foxtail millet genotypes to dissect tolerance to interactive drought and high temperature stress
Authors: Gowsiga S , Vijayalakshmi D , Vinitha A , Srividhya S , Sivakumar R , Iyanar K , Kokiladevi E , Sivakumar U
Published: January 2025

Foxtail millet, a C4 cereal, is predominantly grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of Asia. Its yield is significantly reduced due to drought and high-temperature stresses. This yield reduction primarily occurs due to a lack of allocation of assimilates produced during photosynthesis to maturing grain when exposed to abiotic stress. To address this issue, a field study was conducted under a rain-out shelter using 24 genotypes, including four checks to assess the genetic variability in photosynthetic rate, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, dry matter translocation, translocation efficiency and contribution rate when drought and heat stress was imposed from peak vegetative to mid grain filling period. The diverse genotypes were classified as tolerant (Group I) and susceptible (Group II) genotypes using the photosynthetic rate. The genotypes with photosynthetic rates of > 29 µmol m-2 sec-1 were grouped into a tolerant category. The genotype ISe-15 was identified as tolerant based on higher values recorded for dry matter translocation (5.11 g plant-1), translocation efficiency (33.80 g plant-1) and contribution rate (27.47 g plant-1) under interactive stress. The genotype IC0479711 was identified as susceptible with low photosynthetic rate (24.2 µmol m-2 sec-1) coupled with less TE (6.78 g plant-1). Thus, the study concluded that foxtail millet genotypes with higher photosynthetic rates coupled with the efficient translocation of assimilates for grain filling under stress can tolerate combined drought and high-temperature stress.
Current advancements on magnesium alloy coatings for bioimplants: a closer look for biocompatibility and corrosion mitigation
Authors: Ansari Kashif Rahmani , Singh Ambrish , Singh Shivani , Singh Anurag , Ali Ismat H. , Younas Muhammad , Lin Yuanhua
Published: January 2025

The healthcare industry has closely considered magnesium (Mg) alloy because of its exceptional mechanical qualities, biological solid compatibility, and biodegradable properties. Since it has reactive chemistry of natural world, magnesium alloy typically exhibits excessive rate of deterioration in the physiological environment. Thus, surface modification research has become a hotspot for obtaining different potential abilities of magnesium alloy in medical applications. The coatings of magnesium alloy surfaces are discussed in this work based on their many types: metals (metal hydroxides and oxides), inorganic/nonmetallic, and natural/synthetic polymers. The metal oxide coating is loose and porous, and it is often used together with other types of coatings to form a composite coating. The metal hydroxide coating is easily damaged by Cl− ions in corrosive medium and cannot provide long-term effective protection to substrate. Inorganic nonmetallic coatings have more space defects and greater brittleness, which used in few bone implantation procedures. Polymer materials generally have better biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, polymer coatings have a weak binding force to the substrate and limited mechanical properties. The development prospects of magnesium alloy surface coatings for biomedical applications are forecasted together with the manufacturing techniques, resistance to corrosion, and compatibility for biological systems has been discussed.
Andrea Pető on Hannah Szenes: Multilayered Memorialization
Authors: Vice Sue
Published: January 2025

This article addresses the important arguments made by Andrea Pető in relation to the ‘circles of forgetting’ in Hungary. In particular, it focuses on Pető’s case study of the woman born in Hungary as Aniko Szenes, known in English as Hannah Szenes or Senesh, and the transformation of one into the other. Drawing inspiration from Pető’s analysis, the article analyses the Anglophone representation of Szenes’ history in the form of poetry and documentary cinema, to contrast the absence of Szenes from Hungarian memorialization with the ways in which she is remembered in the USA, Israel and beyond.
Investment Time Horizons in Family Versus Non-Family Firms and Among Family Firms with Governance Heterogeneity: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhu Lina , Memili Esra , Fang Hanqing Chevy
Published: January 2025

Investment time horizons (i.e. long-term and short term) remain under researched within the context of family versus non-family firms. This phenomenon also requires taking a closer look at the governance heterogeneity among family firms as it can lead to differences among family firms in terms of the temporal nature of the investments. Drawing upon a goal-based theoretical framework, we hypothesize that family firms are more likely to engage in long-term investments; and simultaneously, less likely to engage in short-term investments compared to non-family firms. We also hypothesize that the idiosyncratic investment time horizon in family business is primarily captured by de novo or “born as” family businesses, rather than family firms privatized and transformed from state-owned firms. A longitudinal analysis of 34,079 firm-year observations from 4,101 listed firms between 2007 and 2020 yields interesting findings with significant theoretical and practical implications.
Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism with inactivating calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mutation (p.I81K)
Authors: Donbaloglu Zeynep , Gullu Merve , Tekin Suat , Karaguzel Gungor , Parlak Mesut , Tuhan Hale , Turkkahraman Doga
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) is a rare condition characterized by inactivating mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene, leading to significant hypercalcemia and related complications.

Case presentation

We present a case of a six-day-old male infant with weakness, jaundice, and hypotonia, later diagnosed with NSHPT due to a known homozygous CaSR mutation (c.242T>A; p.I81K). Initial laboratory findings revealed markedly elevated serum calcium levels and high parathyroid hormone levels which were compatible with primary hyperparathyroidism. After initial management, bisphosphonates were administered, resulting in the patient remaining normocalcemic for 11 months, although hyperparathyroidism persisted. Then, due to the ongoing hyperparathyroidism, cinacalcet was added and continued for nine months. Finally, a total parathyroidectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient developed hypoparathyroidism, necessitating long-term supplementation with calcium and calcitriol. By the last follow-up at 3 years, the patient exhibited normal growth parameters and no neurodevelopmental deficits.

Conclusions

This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in NSHPT and highlights the critical role of medical treatment, surgical management and long-term follow-up in optimising patient outcomes. Continued research is essential to enhance understanding and treatment strategies for NSHPT.
From grammar to text: a semiotic perspective on a paradigm shift in computation and its usages
Authors: Valle Andrea
Published: January 2025

Programming is a relevant semiotic activity, resulting in millions of lines of written code: the whole digital revolution is still rooted in writing as a semiotic activity. In relation to this, AI applications based on deep learning do not present particular features. They are standard computer programs relying on the von Neumann/Turing architecture. Yet there is an interesting epistemological difference. A distinction can be made between classical programming and machine learning. As the task for programming is always problem solving, in classical programming, the programmer has to input rules and data in order to gather answers in output. A machine learning approach requires a different epistemological wiring: the programmer inputs data and the required answers, while the software learns or discovers the rules. These two approaches to programming can be characterized from a semiotic perspective by referring to the couple “grammar” versus “text” and “allography” versus “autography.” A grammar defines a set of rules to be applied so that an output is generated that is formally consistent with the prescribed rules. Rather, a text acts as an example from which to infer regularities in order to generate a new text. This epistemological shift on the computation side is coupled with an analogous one on the user side. As data, that is – semiotically – texts, are the driving force, users have to focus on sets of examples in order to cope with the algorithms. The contribution discusses this shift by taking into account the relative changes in agency.
Synthesis, structure and fluorescence of a novel zinc(II) polymer based on N-[(3-pyridine)-3-sulfonyl]-threonine
Authors: Cui Jiaming , Chen Huimin , Guo Jiaojiao , Ma Zhenfeng , Jiang Yimin , Liang Yi-Jun , Li Jun-Xia
Published: January 2025

A novel zinc(II) polymer based on pyridine sulfonyl amino acid, namely [Zn(HL)(H2O)2]n·4H2O (1) (HL=(1-carboxylato-2-hydroxypropyl)(pyridin-3-sulfonyl)-threonine), was synthesized by reacting Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with H3L in a mixed solvent solution of MeCN/EtOH/H2O under acidic conditions. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the polymer 1 crystallized in trigonal crystal system, space group P3121. Notably, the unit cell of the as-formed polymer 1 contains only one crystallographically independent zinc(II) ion, and the divalent anion ligand HL adopts a coordination pattern of η
1
:η
2
:μ
2. The zinc(II) central ions are connected by bridging coordination with the HL ligand through pyridyl nitrogen and carboxy oxygen atoms to form an infinite helix chain. Furthermore, numerous hydrogen bonds were observed among these chains, joining them into a 2D supramolecular network. Finally, the complex is stacked along the 31 helical axis to yield a three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Additionally, the thermal stability and photoluminescence properties of 1 were determined and discussed.
Triiodothyronine treatment in mice improves stroke outcome and reduces blood–brain barrier damage
Authors: Ullrich Daniel , Führer Dagmar , Heuer Heike , Mayerl Steffen , Haupeltshofer Steffen , Schmitt Linda-Isabell , Leo Markus , Szepanowski Rebecca D , Hagenacker Tim , Schwaninger Markus , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Langhauser Friederike
Published: January 2025

Objective

Thyroid hormones control a variety of processes in the central nervous system and influence its response to different stimuli, such as ischemic stroke. Post-stroke administration of 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) has been reported to substantially improve outcomes, but the optimal dosage and time window remain elusive.

Methods

Stroke was induced in mice by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and T3 was administered at different doses and time points before and after stroke.

Results

We demonstrated a dose-dependent protective effect of T3 reducing infarct volumes with an optimal T3 dosage of 25 μg/kg. In addition, we observed a time-dependent effectiveness that was most profound when T3 was administered 1 h after tMCAO (P < 0.001), with a gradual reduction in efficacy at 4.5 h (P = 0.066), and no reduction in infarct volumes when T3 was injected with an 8-h delay (P > 0.999). The protective effect of acute T3 treatment persisted for 72 h post-tMCAO (P < 0.01) and accelerated the recovery of motor function by day 3 (P < 0.05). In-depth investigations further revealed reduced cerebral edema and diminished blood–brain barrier leakage, indicated by reduced extravasation of Evans blue and diminished aquaporin-4 expression.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that T3 may be a promising intervention for ischemic stroke in the acute phase.
Peligrosidad criminal vs. factores de riesgo en el feminicidio. Un análisis desde la psicología y el derecho
Authors: Gil-Farfan Martha Patricia , Carvajal-Builes Juan Camilo
Published: January 2025

El paradigma de la peligrosidad sugiere hacer un énfasis en la evaluación del actor más que en el acto en sí mismo. Sin embargo, aunque este paradigma fue reemplazado en el derecho por un paradigma más centrado en el riesgo, existen aún vestigios de la concepción peligrosista que suelen aparecer en casos de alto impacto social como en la violencia contra la mujer. Lo anterior, promueve y ayuda a sustentar la generación de sanciones legales a personas que poseen determinadas características sin necesidad de que se haya cometido un delito. Adicionalmente, aún se aprecia confusión al hablar de riesgo y peligrosidad en el ámbito de la psicología y el derecho, lo cual se evidencia en decisiones y evaluaciones distorsionadas e incompletas respecto a la problemática del feminicidio. Por lo anterior, este artículo tuvo el objetivo de analizar las implicaciones de los conceptos peligrosidad y evaluación de riesgo, desde la psicología y el derecho en relación con el feminicidio. El estudio fue realizado a partir de una revisión narrativa que obtuvo una muestra final de 28 documentos. Este análisis presenta una diferenciación de los conceptos de valoración de riesgo y peligrosidad desde la psicología y el derecho, así como las implicaciones desde estas dos disciplinas. Se finaliza con una propuesta que busca la protección integral de la mujer sin violentar derechos constitucionales a presuntos agresores.
Análisis de competencias, desafíos administrativos e ideas para la adopción de buenas prácticas sostenibles en el entorno portuario en Colombia
Authors: García Pachón María del Pilar , Franco Zárate Javier Andrés
Published: January 2025

El artículo parte del entendimiento del modelo en el que se ejecuta la actividad portuaria en Colombia a efectos de realizar un análisis de las competencias que actualmente son ejercidas por las entidades relevantes en dicho ámbito con el ánimo de identificar aquellas que se proyectan sobre asuntos relativos a la sostenibilidad o a consideraciones de índole ambiental. En este sentido, los autores se plantean si el actual marco de competencias realmente es suficiente y si además existen incentivos para la adopción de buenas prácticas o comportamientos sostenibles en el ámbito portuario en Colombia. Finalmente de manera sucinta los autores plantean algunas ideas sobre el tipo de iniciativas que se podrían adoptar en el sector para impulsar o incentivar comportamientos más adecuados desde la perspectiva sostenible en el entorno de las actividades portuarias.
Guia para o uso e relato de inteligência artificial em revistas científico-acadêmicas
Authors: Penabad-Camacho Liana , Morera-Castro María , Penabad-Camacho María Amalia
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Artificial Intelligence (AI) proposes a restructuring of the traditional way of doing and publishing science, since it provides tools that complement, relearn and simplify complex processes typical of research carried out by human beings. The diversity of mechanisms that AI provides demands transparency when reporting its use, and the guarantee that they are consistent with the rigor of scientific communication and its editorial management ecosystem (in which editors, reviewers and authors participate). Aim. This document aims to provide guiding elements for reporting the use of AI in the activities that make up the scientific publication process. Concepts, principles, and recommendations are provided for the three aforementioned roles. They provide literacy and propose learning mechanisms for people who are involved in knowledge communication activities. Guide. Four parts are proposed in the guide. The first one considers a group of concepts necessary to understand the dynamics proposed in the principles and recommendations provided. In particular, the definition of prompts (primary, secondary, and complementary); of the prompt network (or prompt net), and the diagrams that conceptualize its use are proposed. The second part covers editors and editorial teams and offers recommendations for implementing AI-related policies in their journals. The third part gives reviewers good practices for the use of AI to support the process of evaluating a scientific communication unit. The fourth presents an ethical framework and concrete tools, to authors, to use AI in their work and report it in their manuscripts. Final reflection. The goal of using AI must be the common good and improving people’s quality of life. An ethical exercise, which mitigates the introduction of bias or misinformation, must be a core axis for the use of this tool. Keeping in mind that this is an evolving phenomenon is relevant for future updates of the guide and its concepts.
Lietuvių ir latvių literatūros vertimai į italų kalbą 2019–2023 metais
Authors: Cerri Adriano
Published: January 2025

The article presents an overview of translations from Lithuanian and Latvian into Italian during the last five years (2019–2023). It aims to update previous data on Baltic literatures in Italy and to examine their current status. Additionally, it seeks to identify the main differences between the reception of Lithuanian and Latvian literature in Italy and to assess recent developments and emerging trends in this field. Translations of Lithuanian and Latvian works into Italian published during the analysed period are first reviewed by genre: prose, children’s literature, poetry, essays, and scientific literature. Information about upcoming translations known to the author is also provided. Statistical data are presented and compared with data from earlier periods. The analysis reveals a significant recent increase in translations of children’s and young people’s literature. However, the period 2019–2023 has also seen the publication of notable novels and short story collections from both languages, as well as poetry anthologies and important scholarly works originally written in Lithuanian. The statistics indicate that the past five years have been as productive as the preceding five-year period. Given the very small number of translators working with these languages, this is a positive achievement. Another encouraging trend is that Baltic literatures are beginning to attract the attention of larger publishing houses, which can provide better visibility for these works.
Opportunities to Improve Care Processes for Ventilator-Dependent Children: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Dress Carolyn , Vaughn Lisa M. , Prideaux Jonelle , Schuler Christine L. , Borschuk Adrienne , Pajor Nathan M.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Children with chronic ventilator dependence are a complex and heterogeneous population with unique needs. We sought input from parents, clinicians, and hospital staff to identify opportunities for process improvement during hospitalization and discharge preparation.

METHODS

We conducted a qualitative study at a large referral center for children with chronic ventilator dependence. Participants included parents of children with chronic ventilator dependence, physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and support staff. Two group-level assessment (GLA) sessions occurred, followed by one-on-one semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis identified areas for process improvements in the care of children with chronic ventilator dependence.

RESULTS

A total of 27 individuals participated in 2 GLA sessions followed by 9 interviews. Potential areas for process improvements included (1) acknowledging and addressing limited resources for children with long-term mechanical ventilation dependence; (2) advancing beyond a “one-size-fits-most” care model; (3) placing the patient and family at the center of care; and (4) improving support for families and staff. Families persistently noted a traumatic component of their experiences through hospitalizations and learning to care for a child with chronic ventilator dependence.

CONCLUSIONS

There are multiple opportunities for process improvement during the hospitalization of children with chronic ventilator dependence. Protocols and practices that support efficient and safe care, such as education before discharge, may require modifications to better meet family needs, address system shortcomings, and mitigate trauma.
The Complexity of Pure Maxmin Strategies in Two-Player Extensive-Form Games
Authors: Li Junkang , Zanuttini Bruno , Ventos Véronique
Published: January 2025

Extensive-form games model strategic interaction between players, with an emphasis on the sequential aspect of decision-making: players take turns to move until an ending is reached, and receive a reward according to which ending is reached. We study the complexity of computing the pure maxmin value for such games, i.e. the maximum reward that a player can guarantee by playing a pure strategy, whatever their opponents play. We focus on two-player and two-team games and perform a systematic study depending on the degree of imperfect information of each player or team: perfect information, perfect recall, or perfect recall for each agent in a team (which we call multi-agent perfect recall). For each combination, we settle the complexity of deciding whether the maxmin value is at least as high as a given threshold. We give a complete complexity picture for three orthogonal settings: games represented explicitly by their game tree; games represented compactly by game rules, for which we propose two new formalisms; games in which the set of strategies of the opponents is restricted to a known set of opponent models.
Evaluation of embodied energy and operational energy for panelised building system
Authors: Chippagiri Ravijanya , Gavali Hindavi R. , Bras Ana , Ralegaonkar Rahul V.
Published: January 2025

The increasing urban population lead to a housing shortage, mainly for the economically weaker sections. The Indian government has come up with few initiatives to implement rapid construction techniques. Also, construction is an energy-intensive process, and thus it needs a sustainable and energy-efficient approach in executing the modern building system. Panelised prefabrication is one such proven technique. The present work briefly describes the development of sustainable construction products made from locally available agro-industrial ash (AIA) and evaluates their physico-mechanical and functional properties. Two components – embodied energies (EEs) of AIA-based end products and computational modelling for determining the peak cooling loads (PCLs) – are studied. EEs are evaluated through mathematical expressions and compared with traditional practices. The building model comprising both the developed end products has 23% and 8% reduced EE when compared with burnt clay and fly ash brickworks, respectively. A computational study is made for evaluating the operational energy through a Building Information Modelling tool. PCLs are extracted for different floor combinations of a three-storeyed building located in Nagpur, India. The developed combination of prefab systems is compared with conventional practice: fly ash brickwork with reinforced cement concrete framework, and around 53% reduction in PCL was observed.
Structuring and restructuring COVID-19 Intensive Care Units: a systematic review
Authors: Macedo Luis Fernando Reis , Lisboa Kenya Waléria de Siqueira Coelho , De Albuquerque Thais Rodrigues , Balsanelli Alexandre Pazetto , Pinto Sarah De Lima , De Beltrão Izabel Cristina Santiago Lemos , Delmondes Gyllyandeson de Araujo
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: the COVID-19 pandemic imposed restructuring and reorganization in healthcare services, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), due to the increased demand for hospital care for the thousands of severe cases of the disease. Thus, understanding this ICU reorganization process is useful for healthcare system planning and, consequently, for preventing system collapse in the face of impending pandemics. The objective was to identify elements related to the restructuring and organization of human resources, materials, and organization/structure processes in ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: this is a qualitative systematic review. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The results were exported to the Rayyan software for subsequent screening and blind selection by two independent researchers as well as for assessing the risk of bias and individual methodological quality of selected studies. Results: a total of 171 articles were found across the five databases, with five articles selected to be included in this review. The identified elements concerning the restructuring and organization of ICUs were the use and availability of personal protective equipment, oxygen, and oxygen therapy equipment, medications, psychological support for healthcare professionals, patient safety measures, and space maintenance. Conclusion: this review allowed for the compilation and synthesis of necessary elements for the restructuring and organization of ICUs during the pandemic, considering the need for managers to respond swiftly to the high demand brought on by COVID-19.
Perfil dos atendimentos antirrábicos pós-exposição a mamíferos silvestres em região de saúde, Pernambuco, Brasil, 2014-2020
Authors: Lau Rocha Cordeiro Laysa Lindaura , Soares Rodrigues Maria Olívia , Regadas de Macedo Quinino Louisiana , Duarte Farias Bezerra Francisco , Medeiros Ferreira Costa Raylene , Azevedo de Oliveira Emília Carolle
Published: January 2025

Justificativa e Objetivos: desde 2016, o Brasil não registra casos de raiva humana transmitida por cães, com a doença agora associada principalmente a mamíferos silvestres. Em Pernambuco, o último caso ocorreu em 2017, em Recife. Considerando a notificação dos atendimentos antirrábicos uma ferramenta crucial para a vigilância epidemiológica da raiva, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os atendimentos antirrábicos pós-exposição a mamíferos silvestres na Primeira Região de Saúde de Pernambuco entre 2014 e 2020. Métodos: estudo descritivo, analítico e transversal dos atendimentos antirrábicos humanos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Os dados foram processados utilizando o software Excel, com o teste qui-quadrado assumindo p < 0,05. Uma avaliação qualitativa foi feita para identificar registros duplicados em diferentes unidades de saúde. Resultados: foram identificados 799 atendimentos antirrábicos humanos, principalmente em adultos (20-34 anos) e pessoas pardas, sem diferença estatística entre os sexos. O morcego foi a espécie mais envolvida. Os acidentes ocorreram principalmente por mordedura, em mãos e pés, com ferimentos únicos e superficiais. A maioria das indicações profiláticas foi a soro-vacinação. Foram registradas 64 duplicidades de atendimentos em unidades de saúde distintas. Conclusão: embora a maioria das indicações profiláticas pós-exposição tenha sido adequada, os acidentes antirrábicos envolvendo mamíferos silvestres são classificados como graves. Isso destaca a importância do cumprimento rigoroso do protocolo profilático estabelecido pela autoridade sanitária. As duplicidades nos registros apontam para a necessidade de melhorias na integração dos sistemas de saúde e na capacitação dos profissionais para garantir a eficiência na notificação e tratamento dos casos.
Avaliação da técnica e adesão à higiene de mãos no centro de materiais e esterilização
Authors: Da Trindade Bruno Henrique Ataíde , De Paula Vanessa Albuquerque Alvim , Nascimento Thiago César , De Oliveira Thais Vidal , Couto Bráulio Roberto Gonçalves Marinho , Alvim Andre Luiz Silva
Published: January 2025

Justificativa e Objetivos: A higienização das mãos deve ser incentivada entre a equipe de enfermagem do centro de materiais e esterilização, uma vez que diversos processos podem ser fontes de transmissão de microrganismos. O objetivo é avaliar a qualidade da técnica e adesão à higiene de mãos no centro de materiais e esterilização de acordo com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional, descritivo e prospectivo, no qual foram realizadas visitas semanais durante o período de fevereiro a maio de 2023. Utilizou-se observação direta no local e, posteriormente, foram feitas anotações em um formulário adaptado. Resultados: No total de 364 observações realizadas, apenas 91 (25%) realizaram a higienização das mãos, e somente 7 (1,9%) executaram a técnica correta. Os momentos com maior adesão foram ao chegar à unidade (35,1%), ao sair da unidade (12,1%) e antes de manusear embalagens e produtos para a saúde. Entre os insumos utilizados, o sabonete líquido obteve maior frequência (51,6%). O sexo masculino apresentou maior adesão quando comparado ao feminino (p<0,01). Conclusão: A adesão à higiene de mãos foi baixa entre a equipe de enfermagem e poucos realizaram a técnica correta de acordo com os passos recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de ações de sensibilização e treinamento em relação a esta medida preventiva no centro de materiais e esterilização.
Controle microbiológico de formas farmacêuticas líquidas adaptadas em um hospital pediátrico de Manaus
Authors: Mota Tashiro Felipe , Da Silva Carvalho Adriana , Dos Santos Magalhães Igor Rafael , Carim da Costa Magalhães Karen Regina
Published: January 2025

Justificativa e Objetivos: Formas farmacêuticas líquidas são ideais para pacientes pediátricos, uma vez que esta população apresenta dificuldades de deglutição. Entretanto, o mercado farmacêutico não dispõe de um grande arsenal terapêutico. Para contornar esta situação, é necessária a adaptação de medicamentos voltados ao público adulto para a forma de soluções orais, que permitem o emprego em pacientes pediátricos. Todavia, esta pode alterar as propriedades físico-químicas e microbiológicas destes fármacos. De acordo com a literatura, grande parte dos estudos com adaptações farmacêuticas são direcionados a estabilidade físico-química, e os parâmetros microbiológicos são menos avaliados. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o controle microbiológico das formas farmacêuticas líquidas adaptadas em um hospital pediátrico. Métodos: A análise microbiológica foi realizada conforme especificações da Farmacopeia Brasileira para produtos não estéreis. Realizou-se os testes de contagem do número total de microrganismos mesófilos e da presença de microrganismos patogênicos. Resultados: No período do estudo, 16 amostras foram selecionadas para análise microbiológica. Dentre os medicamentos as classes mais frequentes foram diuréticos, anti-hipertensivos e psicolépticos. Não foram utilizados conservantes no preparo das adaptações farmacêuticas analisadas. Metade das adaptações apresentaram contagem do número total de microrganismos mesófilos acima do limite permitido no dia da manipulação, 43,75% na metade do período de validade e 62,5% no prazo de validade. Conclusão: Apenas 03 (18,75%) adaptações estavam dentro dos limites microbianos aceitáveis estabelecidos durante todo o estudo. Com relação a presença de patógenos, todas foram isentas dos patógenos Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus no período do estudo.
Casos e óbitos de HIV/AIDS no Brasil, 2000 a 2019: uma análise espacial
Authors: Santos Isadora Sabrina Ferreira dos , Arruda Laís Eduarda Silva de , Silva José Thiago de Lima , Lira Guilherme , Oliveira Emília Carolle Azevedo de
Published: January 2025

Justificativa e Objetivos: embora houvesse evolução no tratamento com antirretrovirais e avanços nas campanhas preventivas, os casos e mortes de HIV/AIDS hodiernamente persistem, refletindo-se em um grave problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise espacial dos casos e óbitos por HIV/AIDS no Brasil, 2000-2019.Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, ecológico. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade. Para identificar padrões de distribuição espacial e possíveis clusters, realizaram-se mapas de Kernel e Índices Local e Global de Moran da prevalência e mortalidade no TerraView e QGIS. Resultados: no período deste estudo, ocorreram 756.586 casos e 232.892 óbitos de HIV/AIDS, com maiores concentrações dos casos nos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro e óbitos em Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro. No Kernel, verificou-se alta densidade no Sudeste, Sul e Nordeste, principalmente no Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro e Santa Catarina, para a taxa de mortalidade. Enquanto isso, no Índice Local de Moran, clusters de alto valor estão no Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, sendo estes também os locais para a taxa de mortalidade. Conclusão: os casos se concentraram no estado de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, enquanto as taxas de mortalidade atingiram maior densidade no Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro. Essas descobertas apontam para a necessidade de estratégias regionais de enfrentamento, como o fortalecimento de campanhas educativas e de prevenção.
Karin Gludovatz: Die Ordnung des Widerspruchs. Über die Dyamik von Achsen in der Malerei
Authors: Gludovatz Karin
Published: January 2025

Gebäude, Gartenanlagen, urbanistische Projekte sind geprägt durch den vielfachen Einsatz von Achsen. Gleichwohl sind Achsen in den Bildkünsten nicht minder präsent und erweisen sich sogar als unverzichtbare Mittler. Insbesondere in der Malerei des 15. bis 17. Jahrhunderts fungieren sie als Dreh- und Angelpunkte innerbildlicher Dynamiken und als Scharniere in der sukzessiven Ausweitung des Bildraums. Im gegenständlichen Bild gehören sie der fiktionalen räumlichen Tiefe ebenso an wie der faktischen Malfläche, sie können Darstellungen in Bewegung versetzen, ihre Geschwindigkeit regulieren, und sie haben Anteil an der Generierung von Zeitlichkeit. In den meisten Fällen wirken sie stabilisierend innerhalb jener Bildgefüge, die seit dem 15.Jahrhundert durch (zentral-) perspektivische Konstruktion räumliche Tiefe zwar systematisch erschließen, ihr aber nicht immer gänzlich zu trauen scheinen.
Philipp Lenhard, Gerd van de Moetter: Max Horkheimer Karikaturen. Erste Spurenlese zur Kritischen Theorie des Comics
Authors: Lenhard Philipp , Moetter Gerd van de
Published: January 2025

Max Horkheimer sitzt auf seinem Sofa und blättert durch ein Comic-Heft – zunächst ist Redeye von Gordon Bess zu sehen, dessen Geschichten sich um einen Stamm von Native Americans drehen, dann der Superhelden-Comic The Phantom von Lee Falk. Horkheimers Nichte Margit Winter, die seit 1960 mit im Haus der Eheleute Max und Maidon im schweizerischen Montagnola wohnt und sich als «Mädchen für alles» im Haushalt betätigt, räumt derweil die gute Stube auf (Abb.1). In dem 1970 produzierten Film Max Horkheimer. Porträt eines Philosophen, in dem die auf den ersten Blick skurrile Szene gezeigt wird, entspinnt sich nachfolgend ein Dialog zwischen Horkheimer und Winter:
New Formulation of the Law of Universal Gravitation
Authors: Robert Obara
Published: January 2025

New relationships for the force of gravity, gravitational acceleration, gravitational potential and escape velocity have been formulated. It has been shown that these quantities are dependent on the difference of relativistic gravitational coefficient measured at the ends of the Compton wave for a body placed in a gravitational field. The dependence force of gravity on the Compton period is presented. Formulas of force of gravity are presented in both relativistic and nonrelativistic form.