bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Dynamic Status Change of Hospital Stay and Cost Accumulation via Combining Continuous and Finitely Jumped Processes
Authors: Zheng Yanqiao , Zhao Xiaobing , Zhang Xiaoqi
Published: June 2018

The Coxian phase-type models and the joint models of longitudinal and event time have been extensively used in the studies of medical outcome data. Coxian phase-type models have the finite-jump property while the joint models usually assume a continuous variation. The gap between continuity and discreteness makes the two models rarely used together. In this paper, a partition-based approach is proposed to jointly model the charge accumulation process and the time to discharge. The key construction of our new approach is a set of partition cells with their boundaries determined by a family of differential equations. Using the cells, our new approach makes it possible to incorporate finite jumps induced by a Coxian phase-type model into the charge accumulation process, therefore taking advantage of both the Coxian phase-type models and joint models. As a benefit, a couple of measures of the “cost” of staying in each medical stage (identified with phases of a Coxian phase-type model) are derived, which cannot be approached without considering the joint models and the Coxian phase-type models together. A two-step procedure is provided to generate consistent estimation of model parameters, which is applied to a subsample drawn from a well-known medical cost database.
Automated Techniques for the Interpretation of Fetal Abnormalities: A Review
Authors: Rawat Vidhi , Jain Alok , Shrimali Vibhakar
Published: June 2018

Ultrasound (US) image segmentation methods, focusing on techniques developed for fetal biometric parameters and nuchal translucency, are briefly reviewed. Ultrasound medical images can easily identify the fetus using segmentation techniques and calculate fetal parameters. It can timely find the fetal abnormality so that necessary action can be taken by the pregnant woman. Firstly, a detailed literature has been offered on fetal biometric parameters and nuchal translucency to highlight the investigation approaches with a degree of validation in diverse clinical domains. Then, a categorization of the bibliographic assessment of recent research effort in the segmentation field of ultrasound 2D fetal images has been presented. The fetal images of high-risk pregnant women have been taken into the routine and continuous monitoring of fetal parameters. These parameters are used for detection of fetal weight, fetal growth, gestational age, and any possible abnormality detection.
Rhodiola rosea Improves Lifespan, Locomotion, and Neurodegeneration in a Drosophila melanogaster Model of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Arabit Jasmin G. J. , Elhaj Rami , Schriner Samuel E. , Sevrioukov Evgueni A. , Jafari Mahtab
Published: June 2018

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominant, late-onset disease characterized by choreiform movements, cognitive decline, and personality disturbance. It is caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion in the Huntington’s disease gene encoding for the Huntingtin protein (Htt) which functions as a scaffold for selective macroautophagy. Mutant Htt (mHtt) disrupts vesicle trafficking and prevents autophagosome fusion with lysosomes, thus deregulating autophagy in neuronal cells, leading to cell death. Autophagy has been described as a therapeutic target for HD, owing to the key role Htt plays in the cellular process. Rhodiola rosea, a plant extract used in traditional medicine in Europe and Asia, has been shown to attenuate aging in the fly and other model species. It has also been shown to inhibit the mTOR pathway and induce autophagy in bladder cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that R. rosea, by inducing autophagy, may improve the phenotype of a Huntington’s disease model of the fly. Flies expressing HttQ93 which exhibit decreased lifespan, impaired locomotion, and increased neurodegeneration were supplemented with R. rosea extract, and assays testing lifespan, locomotion, and pseudopupil degeneration provided quantitative measures of improvement. Based on our observations, R. rosea may be further evaluated as a potential therapy for Huntington’s disease.
Personalizing Radiation Treatment Delivery in the Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ahmed Kamran A. , Grass G. Daniel , Orman Amber G. , Liveringhouse Casey , Montejo Michael E. , Soliman Hatem H. , Han Heather S. , Czerniecki Brian J. , Torres-Roca Javier F. , Diaz Roberto
Published: June 2018

Long-term data establishes the efficacy of radiotherapy in the adjuvant management of breast cancer. New dose and fractionation schemas have evolved and are available, each with unique risks and rewards. Current efforts are ongoing to tailor radiotherapy to the unique biology of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss our efforts to personalize radiotherapy dosing using genomic data and the implications for future clinical trials. We also explore immune mechanisms that may contribute to a tumor’s unique radiation sensitivity or resistance.
Intracardiac Teratoma in an Infant: Report of a New Case and Literature Review
Authors: Azzakhmam Mustapha , Kessab Amine , Malihy Abderrahmane , Rouas Lamiae , Lamalmi Najat
Published: June 2018

Primitive intracardiac tumours are rare, especially in childhood, and are often discovered on autopsy. The intracardiac teratoma is the rarest intracardiac tumours of childhood. Herein, we report the case of an 11-month-old infant, which featured recurrent bronchoalveolitis since the age of 3 months, with a thoracic deformation. Physical examination did found discrete respiratory distress signs. Chest radiography showed large mediastinal enlargement. The computed tomography showed a solid cystic-cloisonned mass with fat and central calcification highly suggestive of an intracardiac teratoma. A radical surgical excision was made and the histological examination found a well circumscribed tumour containing elements of the three germ layers confirming the diagnosis of mature well-differentiated teratoma, with no need of immunohistochemical support.
Head and Neck Myxoma Presenting as Isolated Laryngeal Polyp
Authors: Panda Smriti , Kumar Rajeev , Gopinath Vikram Raj , Sagar Prem
Published: June 2018

Myxoma is a benign tumour with a propensity for local infiltration and recurrence. Laryngeal myxoma presents as a submucosal polyp. Being an uncommon tumour and mimicking vocal cord polyp, only anecdotal evidence is available in the literature. The literature was reviewed from 1986 onwards using the keywords “myxoma” and “larynx.” The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Along with this, we also report our case of vocal fold myxoma. We found a total of 19 studies reporting laryngeal myxoma. Laryngeal myxoma typically affects males in the 6th decade with a history of smoking. Unlike myxomas originating outside the larynx, recurrence is not widely described, and microlaryngeal surgery will usually suffice. Laryngeal myxomas should definitely be kept in the list of differential diagnosis when dealing with a benign-looking vocal fold lesion.
Asymmetric Bilateral Lichen Striatus: A Rare Presentation following Multiple Blaschko’s Lines
Authors: Dickman Jeffrey S. , Frandsen McKay D. , Racette Andrew J.
Published: June 2018

Lichen striatus (LS) is an uncommon, acquired, self-limited, and benign linear dermatosis of unknown etiology that most often occurs unilaterally and is confined to the lines of Blaschko. A healthy 7-year-old girl presented to our clinic with bilateral asymmetric LS occurring on the right arm and left leg of 1-year duration. Very few cases of bilateral LS have been previously reported in the literature, with none from clinics within the United States. The etiology of LS is currently unknown; however its confinement to Blaschko’s lines, which represent embryologic migration of skin cell clones, does provide insight into a possible pathogenesis. It seems most likely that an individual’s development of LS is linked to their genetic predisposition and a subsequent triggering event. Our case serves as a strong example of a rare presentation of LS and facilitates discussion of the clinical diagnostic process and possible pathogenesis of this dermatosis.
Vertical and Horizontal Queue Models for Oversaturated Signal Intersections with Quasi-Real-Time Reconstruction of Deterministic and Shockwave Queueing Profiles Using Limited Mobile Sensing Data
Authors: Liu Yongyang , Guo Jingqiu , Wang Yibing
Published: June 2018

Deterministic/point/vertical and shockwave/physical/horizontal queueing models are widely used in traffic operation to estimate vehicular queue length and delays at bottlenecks such as signalized intersections. The consistency between the two types of queueing model in terms of their estimation performance has been a subject of debate for decades. This paper reexamines the issue, typically with respect to oversaturated signal intersections, and demonstrates the consistency based on analytical studies and microscopic simulations. While fixed-location sensor data was dominating, it was hardly possible to construct the deterministic or shockwave queueing profile using real data. For this reason, either profile had significance only at a conceptual level and could not be put into practical usage. With the quick spread of mobile sensing data, however, the situation has drastically changed. In this context, this paper also intends to develop an efficient approach to the reconstruction of the deterministic and shockwave queueing profiles in a quasi-real-time manner using very limited mobile sensing data. Microscopic simulations with AIMSUN have demonstrated the efficiency of the approach as well as the analytical results obtained in this paper.
Experimental Views of Tran-Bend Particle Deposition in Turbulent Flow with Nanoscale Effect
Authors: Zhou Kun , Sun Ke , Jiang Xiao , Liu Shaojie , He Zhu , Ding Zhou
Published: June 2018

This paper presented experimental views of nano- and microaerosol distribution and deposition in turbulent tran-bend flows. These views included the particle flow measurement and particle depositions through individual bends, bifurcation bends, and those behind bends. Selected experiments were summarized and compared according to the gas flow, the bend geometry, and the particle flow properties. Based on recent studies, the influencing factors of environmental humidity, particle and surface properties, nanoparticle formation, coagulation, or evolution phenomena were discussed, and then research suggestions were given for future research and applications. It is specially mentioned that the new particle formation and nanoparticle growth affect its deposition under environmental contaminant conditions; nanoscale particle dynamics and transport have a growing trend on attracting the research and industry attentions.
Rhodamine Derivative Functionalized Magnetic Nanoplatform for Cu2+ Sensing and Removal
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Wang Shuhan , Tian Wanqing , Yao Dong , Sun Lining , Shi Liyi , Liu Jinliang
Published: June 2018

Pollution caused by copper is one of the key factors of environment contamination. As one of the heavy metals, copper is hard to decompose in nature; the biological enrichment of which may lead to severe damage to health. Cu2+ detection, thus, possesses a bright application prospect both in environment protection and in human health. In this paper, a dual-functional fluorescence-magnetic composite nanoplatform has been designed to sensitively detect, meanwhile, capture, and remove Cu2+ in the solution of water and ethanol (1 : 1, v/v). The core-shell structure nanoparticle synthesized by using Fe3O4 as core and SiO2 as shell is covalently bonded with rhodamine derivatives on the silica layer to construct the nanoplatform. The emission is increased upon the addition of Cu2+, showing fluorescence turn on effect for the detection, and the limit of detection is as low as 1.68 nM. Meanwhile, Cu2+ ions are captured by the coordination with rhodamine derivatives and can be removed with the help of magnetic field.
Static and Dynamic Properties and Temperature Sensitivity of Emulsified Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Huang Bin , Zhang Yuting , Qi Tian , Han Hongxing
Published: June 2018

Asphalt concrete is a typical rheological material, which is hard brittle at low temperature and reflects soft plastic facture at high temperature; the temperature has a great influence on the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete. In order to eliminate the environmental pollution caused by hot asphalt construction, cationic emulsified asphalt can be used. This paper transforms the temperature control system for static and dynamic triaxial test equipment, which has achieved static and dynamic properties of emulsified asphalt concrete under different temperatures, and researched the temperature sensitivity of emulsified asphalt concrete materials including static stress‐strain relationship, static strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, damping ratio, and so on. The results suggest that (1) temperature has a great influence on the triaxial stress‐strain relationship curve of the asphalt concrete. The lower the temperature, the greater the initial tangent modulus of asphalt concrete and the higher the intensity; the more obvious the softening trend, the smaller the failure strain of the specimen and the more obvious the extent of shear dilatancy. When the temperature is below 15.4°C, the temperature sensitivity of the modulus and strength is stronger significantly. (2) With the temperature rising, the asphalt concrete gradually shifts from an elastic state to a viscoelastic state, the dynamic modulus gradually reduces, and the damping ratio increases. When the temperature is above 15.4°C, the temperature sensitivity is obviously stronger for the dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio. (3) The static and dynamic properties of asphalt concrete are very sensitive to the temperature. The test temperature should be made clear for the static and dynamic tests of asphalt concrete. The specimen temperature and the test ambient temperature must be strictly controlled.
Aging-Induced Biological Changes and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Fajemiroye James Oluwagbamigbe , Cunha Luiz Carlos da , Saavedra-Rodríguez Roberto , Rodrigues Karla Lima , Naves Lara Marques , Mourão Aline Andrade , Silva Elaine Fernanda da , Williams Nabofa Enivwenaye Egide , Martins José Luis Rodrigues , Sousa Romes Bittencourt , Rebelo Ana Cristina Silva , Reis Angela Adamsk da Silva , Santos Rodrigo da Silva , Ferreira-Neto Marcos Luiz , Pedrino Gustavo Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

Aging is characterized by functional decline in homeostatic regulation and vital cellular events. This process can be linked with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we discussed aging-induced biological alterations that are associated with CVDs through the following aspects: (i) structural, biochemical, and functional modifications; (ii) autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation; (iii) epigenetic alterations; and (iv) atherosclerosis and stroke development. Aging-mediated structural and biochemical modifications coupled with gradual loss of ANS regulation, vascular stiffening, and deposition of collagen and calcium often disrupt cardiovascular system homeostasis. The structural and biochemical adjustments have been consistently implicated in the progressive increase in mechanical burden and functional breakdown of the heart and vessels. In addition, cardiomyocyte loss in this process often reduces adaptive capacity and cardiovascular function. The accumulation of epigenetic changes also plays important roles in the development of CVDs. In summary, the understanding of the aging-mediated changes remains promising towards effective diagnosis, discovery of new drug targets, and development of new therapies for the treatment of CVDs.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy Is Effective for Repeated Recurrent Cholangitis after Surgery: Two Case Reports
Authors: Matsumi Akihiro , Kato Hironari , Saragai Yousuke , Mizukawa Sho , Takada Saimon , Muro Shinichiro , Uchida Daisuke , Tomoda Takeshi , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Iwamuro Masaya , Horiguchi Shigeru , Kawahara Yoshiro , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: June 2018

We report the cases of two patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) using metallic stents (MS) for recurrent cholangitis due to benign biliary stenosis. The patients had repeatedly undergone double-balloon endoscopy and anastomotic stenosis. Thus, EUS-HGS was performed. The procedures were successful, and placement of a covered metallic stent (C-MS) relieved cholangitis. The occurrence of cholangitis was subsequently considerably reduced. For patients with postoperative recurrent cholangitis, EUS-HGS with MS should be considered because of its efficacy and safety.
A Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Assimilating Satellite Soil Moisture Data Products on NCEP Global Forecast System
Authors: Zheng Weizhong , Zhan Xiwu , Liu Jicheng , Ek Michael
Published: June 2018

It is well documented that soil moisture has a strong impact on precipitation forecasts of numerical weather prediction models. Several microwave satellite soil moisture retrieval data products have also been available for applications. However, these observational data products have not been employed in any operational numerical weather or climate prediction models. In this study, a preliminary test of assimilating satellite soil moisture data products from the NOAA-NESDIS Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) into the NOAA-NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) is conducted. Using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) introduced in recent year publications and implemented in the GFS, the multiple satellite blended daily global soil moisture data from SMOPS for the month of April 2012 are assimilated into the GFS. The forecasts of surface variables, anomaly correlations of isobar heights, and precipitation forecast skills of the GFS with and without the soil moisture data assimilation are assessed. The surface and deep layer soil moisture estimates of the GFS after the satellite soil moisture assimilation are found to have slightly better agreement with the ground soil moisture measurements at dozens of sites across the continental United States (CONUS). Forecasts of surface humidity and air temperature, 500 hPa height anomaly correlations, and the precipitation forecast skill demonstrated certain level of improvements after the soil moisture assimilation against those without the soil moisture assimilation. However, the methodology for the soil moisture data assimilation into operational GFS runs still requires further development efforts and tests.
C-, N-, S-, and F-Doped Anatase TiO2 (101) with Oxygen Vacancies: Photocatalysts Active in the Visible Region
Authors: González-Torres Julio César , Poulain Enrique , Domínguez-Soria Víctor , García-Cruz Raúl , Olvera-Neria Oscar
Published: June 2018

Anatase TiO2 presents a large bandgap of 3.2 eV, which inhibits the use of visible light radiation (λ > 387 nm) for generating charge carriers. We studied the activation of TiO2 (101) anatase with visible light by doping with C, N, S, and F atoms. For this purpose, density functional theory and the Hubbard U approach are used. We identify two ways for activating the TiO2 with visible light. The first mechanism is broadening the valence or conduction band; for example, in the S-doped TiO2 (101) system, the valence band is broadened. A similar process can occur in the conduction band when the undercoordinated Ti atoms are exposed on the TiO2 (101) surface. The second mechanism, and more efficient for activating the anatase, is to generate localized states in the gap: N-doping creates localized empty states in the bandgap. For C-doping, the surface TiO2 (101) presents a “cleaner” gap than the bulk TiO2, resulting in fewer recombination centers. The dopant valence electrons determine the number and position of the localized states in the bandgap. The formation of charge carriers with visible light is highly favored by the oxygen vacancies on TiO2 (101). The catalytic activity of C-doping using visible radiation can be explained by its high absorption intensity generated by oxygen vacancies on the surface. The intensity of the visible absorption spectrum of doped TiO2 (101) follows the order: C > N > F > S dopant.
Massive Acromioclavicular Joint Cyst with Intramuscular Extension: Case Report and Review
Authors: Zhang Yiyang , Old Jason
Published: June 2018

Acromioclavicular cysts are an uncommon manifestation secondary to a massive rotator cuff tear and/or a degenerative osteoarthritic AC joint. We present a case of an 80-year-old female with a symptomatic acromioclavicular cyst that extended intramuscularly into the trapezius. She did not complain of symptoms associated with a massive rotator cuff tear; however, the cyst has been increasing in size and she was interested in having it removed. Intraoperatively, the mass extended into the trapezius muscle and was removed en bloc after dissecting it down to the stalk. A distal clavicle excision was then performed using an oscillating saw. After the cyst was excised, it was incised revealing thick mucoid content. The patient did well postoperatively at the three-month follow-up without signs of recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first case of AC joint cyst with intramuscular extension that was managed operatively.
Adverse Immunologically Mediated Oral Mucosal Reactions to Systemic Medication: Lichenoid Tissue Reaction/Interface Dermatitis-Stomatitis, Autoimmune Vesiculobullous Disease, and IgE-Dependent and Immune Complex Reactions
Authors: Khammissa R. A. G. , Chandran R. , Masilana A. , Lemmer J. , Feller L.
Published: June 2018

Drug-induced hypersensitivity immune reactions are exaggerated immunoinflammatory responses to allergenic components of the medications that occur in genetically susceptible subjects. The type of hypersensitivity immune response generated, whether antibody mediated or T cell mediated, or an immune complex reaction is determined by multiple factors, including the molecular characteristics of the allergen, the route of administration of the medication, the manner of presentation of the allergen by antigen-presenting cells to naïve T cells, the repertoire of the T cell receptors, and the cytokine profile within the microenvironment. This review deals with the clinical and histopathological aspects of adverse immunologically mediated oral mucosal reactions to systemic medication. We elaborate on diseases showing features of lichenoid tissue reaction/interface dermatitis-stomatitis, autoimmune vesiculobullous oral lesions, and immunoglobulin E- (IgE-) and immune complex-mediated oral reactions to drugs.
Leg Length Discrepancy: Dynamic Balance Response during Gait
Authors: Azizan Nurul Azira , Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Salleh Ahmad Faizal , Sulaiman Abdul Razak , Safar Muhamad Juhairi Aziz , Rusli Wan Mohd Radzi
Published: June 2018

Balance in the human body’s movement is generally associated with different synergistic pathologies. The trunk is supported by one’s leg most of the time when walking. A person with poor balance may face limitation when performing their physical activities on a daily basis, and they may be more prone to having risk of fall. The ground reaction forces (GRFs), centre of pressure (COP), and centre of mass (COM) in quite standing posture were often measured for the evaluation of balance. Currently, there is still no experimental evidence or study on leg length discrepancy (LLD) during walking. Analysis of the stability parameters is more representative of the functional activity undergone by the person who has a LLD. Therefore, this study hopes to shed new light on the effects of LLD on the dynamic stability associated with VGRF, COP, and COM during walking. Eighteen healthy subjects were selected among the university population with normal BMIs. Each subject was asked to walk with 1.0 to 2.0 ms−1 of walking speed for three to five trials each. Insoles of 0.5 cm thickness were added, and the thickness of the insoles was subsequently raised until 4 cm and placed under the right foot as we simulated LLD. The captured data obtained from a force plate and motion analysis present Peak VGRF (single-leg stance) and WD (double-leg stance) that showed more forces exerted on the short leg rather than long leg. Obviously, changes occurred on the displacement of COM trajectories in the ML and vertical directions as LLD increased at the whole gait cycle. Displacement of COP trajectories demonstrated that more distribution was on the short leg rather than on the long leg. The root mean square (RMS) of COP-COM distance showed, obviously, changes only in ML direction with the value at 3 cm and 3.5 cm. The cutoff value via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) indicates the significant differences starting at the level 2.5 cm up to 4 cm in long and short legs for both AP and ML directions. The present study performed included all the proposed parameters on the effect of dynamic stability on LLD during walking and thus helps to determine and evaluate the balance pattern.
Effects of Hydrogen Contents on Oxidation Behavior of Alloy 690TT and Associated Boron Accumulation within Oxides in High-Temperature Water
Authors: Jeon Soon-Hyeok , Song Geun Dong , Hur Do Haeng
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work is to characterize the oxide layer structure of Alloy 690TT in high-temperature water with different dissolved hydrogen (DH) contents by using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under the low DH contents (0.4494–0.8988 mg/kg), the oxide layers were composed of an outermost layer of Ni(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3 enriched in Ni, an intermediate layer of hydroxides and oxides enriched in Cr, and an inner Cr2O3 layer. Outermost NiO coexists with small amount of Cr2O3 layer, while in the inner oxide only Cr2O3 remains. The oxide layers at medium and high DH contents (3.1458– 8.9880 mg/kg) consisted of an outermost layer of Ni(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3 enriched in Cr, an intermediate layer of metallic Ni, hydroxides and oxides enriched in Cr, and an inner Cr2O3 layer. In addition, boron compounds containing B3+ ions were accumulated in the thick and porous NiO layer formed at low DH contents, whereas the accumulation of boron compounds did not occur in the thin and dense polyhedral oxide layer formed at medium and high DH contents.
Subordinate Semimetric Spaces and Fixed Point Theorems
Authors: Villa-Morales José
Published: June 2018

We introduce the concept of subordinate semimetric space. Such notion includes the concept of RS-space introduced by Roldán and Shahzad; therefore the concepts of Branciari’s generalized metric space and Jleli and Samet’s generalized metric space are particular cases. For such spaces we prove a version of Matkowski’s fixed point theorem, and introducing the concept ofq-contraction we get a fixed point theorem of Kannan-Ćirić type. Moreover, using such result we characterize complete subordinate semimetric spaces.
Comparative Analysis of ADR on China’s National Essential Medicines List (2015 Edition) and WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th Edition)
Authors: Zheng Fangfang , Chen Hongdou , Chen Yanfang , Ye Lu , Wu Huanhuan
Published: June 2018

Objective. To explore the safety of the essential medicines recorded in China’s list through the comparison of the list of essential medicines of China and the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the analysis of the basic situation and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on the two essential medicines recorded in China’s and WHO lists in order to provide a reference for the improvement of China’s list. Methods. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted, based on the database in Jiangsu Province ADR Monitoring Center from 2013 to 2015. A total of 266869 cases reports were collected within this period, comparing the differences between the two essential medicines recorded in China’s and WHO lists, considering number of ADRs, type of report, and modes of administration. Compare the differences between the two groups of drugs in the presence of new, severe, and new severe adverse events using chi square test. Results. Comparing the two essential medicines list, they have the same 117 species. When comparing ADRs in the two groups, most are antimicrobial, electrolytes, and acid-base balance drugs, regulate water, and are higher in China. In addition, with respect to the number of ADR types in the two groups, there is statistical significance (p<0.001) (total number is 68603 and 47515, new types are 12601 and 7262, the severe are 2714 and 7566, and the new severe are 820 and 716). Conclusion. Compared to the WHO list of essential drugs, China’s list is still to be improved.
Big Data Validity Evaluation Based on MMTD
Authors: Zhou Ningning , Huang Guofang , Zhong Suyang
Published: June 2018

Big data has been studied extensively in recent years. With the increase in data size, data quality becomes a priority. Evaluation of data quality is important for data management, which influences data analysis and decision making. Data validity is an important aspect of data quality evaluation. Based on 3V properties of big data, dimensions that have a major influence on data validity in a big data environment are analyzed. Each data validity dimension is analyzed qualitatively using medium logic. The measuring of medium truth degree is used to propose models to measure single and multiple dimensions of big data validity. The validity evaluation method based on medium logic is more reasonable and scientific than general methods.
Utilizing a Cortical Bone Trajectory Pedicle Screw for Lumbar Flexion-Distraction Injury
Authors: Miyakoshi Naohisa , Maekawa Shigeto , Urayama Masakazu , Shimada Yoichi
Published: June 2018

Spinal flexion-distraction injuries (FDIs) are unstable fractures, commonly located at the thoracolumbar junction. Management of FDIs often necessitates the use of posterior instrumentation and fusion, but long-segment instrumentation surgery decreases postoperative spinal mobility and increases the risk of junctional kyphosis and fracture. We report the case of a patient with FDI showing an L2 vertebral fracture, unilateral L2 pedicle fracture, and disruptions of the posterior ligamentous complex between L1 and L2. After open reduction using L1 and L2 pedicle screws with a conventional trajectory on the right side, a cortical bone trajectory (CBT) pedicle screw was used as an osteosynthesis screw for the fractured left pedicle. This procedure enabled successful single-level fusion. Follow-up radiological examination revealed good reduction and complete bone union. To the best of our knowledge, utilizing a CBT technique as an osteosynthesis screw in FDIs has not previously been described.
Subscapular Abscess Caused by Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-PositiveStaphylococcus aureus: An Atypical Presentation
Authors: Patel Kamal , Spowart Emma , Sochorova Dana , Diego Nadia , Mamarelis Georgios , Sohail Mohammad Zain
Published: June 2018

Subscapular abscess is an uncommon condition which requires early recognition followed by prompt surgical intervention. We present a case of spontaneous subscapular abscess following blunt trauma to the shoulder in a patient with a history of recurrent superficial soft tissue infections, in which Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producingS. aureuswas identified as the infectious agent. This strain due to its virulence can lead to fatal infections in otherwise healthy individuals; therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed to investigate with an MRI to rule out abscess formation in a patient with acute shoulder girdle pain and negative joint aspirate. Urgent surgical intervention and targeted antimicrobial therapy against PVL-positiveS. aureusin accordance with microbiologist yield good outcomes.
SHP2-Mediated Signal Networks in Stem Cell Homeostasis and Dysfunction
Authors: Kan Chen , Yang Fan , Wang Siying
Published: June 2018

Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells, play a central role in mammal organism development and homeostasis. They have two unique properties: the capacity for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into many specialized cell types. Src homology region 2- (SH2-) containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 gene (PTPN11), regulates multicellular differentiation, proliferation, and survival through numerous conserved signal pathways. Gain-of-function (GOF) or loss-of-function (LOF) SHP2 in various cells, especially for stem cells, disrupt organism self-balance and lead to a plethora of diseases, such as cancer, maldevelopment, and excessive hyperblastosis. However, the exact mechanisms of SHP2 dysfunction in stem cells remain unclear. In this review, we intended to raise the attention and clarify the framework of SHP2-mediated signal pathways in various stem cells. Establishment of integrated signal architecture, from ESCs to adult stem cells, will help us to understand the changes of dynamic, multilayered pathways in response to SHP2 dysfunction. Overall, better understanding the functions of SHP2 in stem cells provides a new avenue to treat SHP2-associated diseases.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effect of Intravenous Lacosamide in Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus and Acute Repetitive Seizures in Children
Authors: Ngampoopun Monsicha , Suwanpakdee Piradee , Jaisupa Nattapon , Nabangchang Charcrin
Published: June 2018

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and acute repetitive seizures (ARS) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Due to the lack of randomized-controlled trials of intravenous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in these conditions, trials of a new generation of AEDs in this aspect are needed. A prospective interventional study was conducted in children under 18 years of age with NCSE or ARS who either had contraindication to or were refractory to first-line AEDs and received intravenous lacosamide. Demographic data, the efficacy of treatment, and adverse effects were recorded. Eleven patients with a median age of 11 years, predominantly female (72.7%), were enrolled. Average loading dose was 227 mg (8.3 mg/kg/dose) and average daily maintenance dose was 249 mg (4.6 mg/kg/dose). All patients (100%) experienced a reduction in seizure frequency within 24 hours. Eight of eleven patients (72.7%) experienced a reduction in seizure frequency of more than 50% by the end of the study, and one patient became seizure-free. In terms of adverse events, one patient had a bradycardia without prolongation of the PR interval. Interestingly, there was a case of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in which a significant improvement in seizure control was achieved. The results indicate that intravenous lacosamide may be an alternative treatment for NCSE or ARS in children. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the use of intravenous lacosamide in Asian children. This study is registered to Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) and the trial registration number is TCTR20180508004.
Diffuse Neurofibroma in a Patient with Unknown History of NF1
Authors: Ebrahim Mahmoud A. K. , AlMutairi Mishal M. , Hindi Khaled M. , Bastaki Jassem M.
Published: June 2018

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare disease in the parotid gland with a poor prognosis in most cases. The disease most often develops in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) but can also occur sporadically. Herein, we report a rare case of MPNST in the parotid gland, in a patient with no previous history of NF1. Initial investigations of the patient, which consisted of laboratory investigations, ultrasound imaging of the swelling, fine-needle aspiration (FNA), computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck and swelling, were compatible with a benign pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. However, intraoperatively, the dissection was challenging as the tumor was adherent to the neighboring tissue. A diagnosis of MPNST arising from a diffuse neurofibroma was established based on clinicopathologic features of the disease. The patient, who exhibited clinical features compatible with (NF1), proceeded for radiotherapy following surgery to continue his treatment.
The Fixed Point Property of a Banach Algebra Generated by an Element with Infinite Spectrum
Authors: Thongin P. , Fupinwong W.
Published: June 2018

A Banach spaceXis said to have the fixed point property if for each nonexpansive mappingT:E→Eon a bounded closed convex subsetEofXhas a fixed point. LetXbe an infinite dimensional unital Abelian complex Banach algebra satisfying the following: (i) condition (A) in Fupinwong and Dhompongsa, 2010, (ii) ifx,y∈Xis such thatτx≤τy,for eachτ∈Ω(X),thenx≤y,and (iii)inf⁡{r(x):x∈X,x=1}>0.We prove that there exists an elementx0inXsuch that〈x0〉R=∑i=1kαix0i:k∈N,αi∈R¯does not have the fixed point property. Moreover, as a consequence of the proof, we have that, for each elementx0inXwith infinite spectrum andσ(x0)⊂R,the Banach algebra〈x0〉=∑i=1kαix0i:k∈N,αi∈C¯generated byx0does not have the fixed point property.
Comparison of Anthropometric Parameters after Ultralow Anterior Resection and Abdominoperineal Resection in Very Low-Lying Rectal Cancers
Authors: Bong Jun Woo , Lim Seok-Byung , Lee Jong Lyul , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , Park In Ja , Yu Chang Sik , Kim Jin Cheon
Published: June 2018

Background and Aim. Ultralow anterior resection (uLAR) is a sphincter-saving procedure for very low-lying rectal cancers. This procedure, however, has complications related to defecation which can aggravate the patient’s quality of life postoperatively. In this study, we compared the anthropometric and nutritional parameters after uLAR and abdominoperineal resection (APR). Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent either uLAR or APR in 2012 for rectal cancers within 3 cm from the anal verge. Data including body weight, body mass index (BMI), levels of total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin and lymphocyte count were analyzed. We compared the changes of these parameters before operations to 3 years after discharge between uLAR and APR groups by ANOVA for repeated measures and Bonferroni comparison method. Results. After 3 years of discharge, the body weight and BMI of the APR group were fully recovered to the preoperative levels; however, those of the uLAR group did not. The hemoglobin level in the APR group was recovered to the preoperative level within 3 months of discharge; however, that in the uLAR group was recovered after 1 year of discharge. Conclusions. Recovery of anthropometric and nutritional status of patients was more stable after APR than after uLAR. These findings might indirectly reflect the low anterior syndrome effect of uLAR and help colorectal surgeons in selecting better surgical methods and in better counseling patients with very low-lying rectal cancer.
[18F]ML-10 Imaging for Assessment of Apoptosis Response of Intracranial Tumor Early after Radiosurgery by PET/CT
Authors: Sun Lu , Zhou Kedi , Wang Weijun , Zhang Xiaojun , Ju Zhongjian , Qu Baolin , Zhang Zhizhong , Wang Jinyuan , Ling Zhipei , Yu Xinguang , Zhang Jinming , Pan Longsheng
Published: June 2018

[18F]ML-10 is a novel apoptosis radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET). We assess the apoptosis response of intracranial tumor early after CyberKnife (CK) treatment by [18F]ML-10 PET imaging. 29 human subjects (30 lesions), diagnosed with intracranial tumors, underwent CK treatment at 14–24 Gy in 1–3 fractions, had [18F]ML-10 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before (pre-CK) and 48 hours after (post-CK) CK treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were taken before and 8 weeks after CK treatment. Voxel-based analysis was used for the imaging analysis. Heterogeneous changes of apoptosis in tumors before and after treatment were observed on voxel-based analysis of PET images. A positive correlation was observed between the change in radioactivity (X) and subsequent tumor volume (Y) (r=0.862, p<0.05), with a regression equation of Y=1.018∗X−0.016. Malignant tumors tend to be more sensitive to CK treatment, but the treatment outcome is not affected by pre-CK apoptotic status of tumor cells; [18F]ML-10 PET imaging could be taken as an assessment 48 h after CK treatment.
Cytotoxicity of Air Pollutant 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Signaling
Authors: Yang Manli , Ahmed Hassan , Wu Weidong , Jiang Bijie , Jia Zhenquan
Published: June 2018

Atmospheric pollution has been a principal topic recently in the scientific and political community due to its role and impact on human and ecological health. 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ) is a quinone molecule found in air pollution abundantly in the diesel exhaust particles (DEP). This compound has studied extensively and has been shown to develop cytotoxic effects both in vitro and in vivo. 9, 10-PQ has been proposed to play a critical role in the development of cytotoxicity via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling. This compound also reduces expression of glutathione (GSH), which is critical in Phase II detoxification reactions. Understanding the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in cytotoxicity can allow for the development of therapeutics designed to target specific molecules significantly involved in the 9,10-PQ-induced ROS toxicity. This review highlights the developments in the understanding of the cytotoxic effects of 9, 10-PQ with special emphasis on the possible mechanisms involved.
Curcumin as Treatment for Bladder Cancer: A Preclinical Study of Cyclodextrin-Curcumin Complex and BCG as Intravesical Treatment in an Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Rat Model
Authors: Falke J. , Parkkinen J. , Vaahtera L. , Hulsbergen-van de Kaa C. A. , Oosterwijk E. , Witjes J. A.
Published: June 2018

Objective. To evaluate the antitumor effect of cyclodextrin-curcumin complex (CDC) on human and rat urothelial carcinoma cells in vitro and to evaluate the effect of intravesical instillations of CDC, BCG, and the combination in vivo in the AY-F344 orthotopic bladder cancer rat model. Curcumin has anticarcinogenic activity on urothelial carcinoma and is therefore under investigation for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Curcumin and BCG share immunomodulating pathways against urothelial carcinoma. Methods. Curcumin was complexed with cyclodextrin to improve solubility. Four human urothelial carcinoma cell lines and the AY-27 rat cell line were exposed to various concentrations of CDC in vitro. For the in vivo experiment, the AY-27 orthotopic bladder cancer F344 rat model was used. Rats were treated with consecutive intravesical instillations of CDC, BCG, the combination of CDC+BCG, or NaCl as control. Results. CDC showed a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on all human urothelial carcinoma cell lines tested and the rat AY-27 urothelial carcinoma cell line. Moreover, intravesical treatment with CDC and CDC+BCG results in a lower percentage of tumors (60% and 68%, respectively) compared to BCG (75%) or control (85%). This difference with placebo was not statistically significant (p=0.078 and 0.199, respectively). However, tumors present in the placebo and BCG-treated rats were generally of higher stage. Conclusions. Cyclodextrin-curcumin complex showed an antiproliferative effect on human and rat urothelial carcinoma cell lines in vitro. In the aggressive orthotopic bladder cancer rat model, we observed a promising effect of CDC treatment and CDC in combination with BCG.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Contraceptive Use among HIV-Infected Women of Reproductive Age Attending Infectious Disease Clinic at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Chelangat Mercy , Eriatu Anthony , Chan Onen Bruno , Cheputyo Priscilla , Godmercy Stephen A. , Ekuk Eddymond , Idony Francis , Henry Obol James
Published: June 2018

Background. Reproductive planning by HIV-infected women is essential, as it helps to prevent transmission of HIV to their unborn babies. Integrating contraceptive services to routine HIV care significantly increases the use of modern contraceptive methods, thus reducing vertical transmission of HIV. Objectives. To determine the prevalence and factors associated with contraceptive use among HIV-infected women attending Infectious Disease Clinic (IDC) at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital (GRRH) in Northern Uganda. Methodology. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed. We used simple random sampling to recruit HIV-infected women receiving routine care from IDC, GRRH, into our study. Sample size was estimated using modified Kish-Leslie formula and semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analysed using Stata v11.0. We used logistic regression model to assess the associations and any factor with p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The prevalence of contraceptive use was found to be 36% (95% CI 31 – 40%). Factors which promoted contraceptive use were as follows: being married (aOR=2.68, 95% CI 1.54-4.65, p<0.001) and monthly income of $35 -250 (aOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.39- 4.09, p=0.002). Factors that hindered contraceptive use were having no child (nulliparity) (aOR= 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05-0.49; p=0.002) and age range of 31-49 years (aOR= 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33 - 0.84; p=0.007). Conclusion. In this study, just over a third of sexually active HIV-infected women reported use of modern contraceptives. This is a low level of usage and, therefore, clinicians and stakeholders should sensitise HIV-infected women on the importance of contraceptive use in the fight against HIV/AIDS and encourage them to use contraceptives to avoid vertical transmission of HIV through unintended pregnancy.
Neuropeptide B and Vaspin as New Biomarkers in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Grzelak Teresa , Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor Marta , Dutkiewicz Agata , Mikulska Aniceta Ada , Dmitrzak-Weglarz Monika , Slopien Agnieszka , Czyzewska Krystyna , Paszynska Elzbieta
Published: June 2018

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the levels of neuropeptide B (NPB), neuropeptide W (NPW), vaspin (VAS), and the total antioxidant status (TAS) in the blood, as well as nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Materials and Methods. The study covered a cohort of 76 female teenagers, including 46 females with extreme AN and 30 healthy peers (CONTR) aged 12-17. Results. AN persons were characterized by higher (in comparison to CONTR) NPB and VAS concentrations and lower values of TAS levels, body weight, and anthropometric values. Positive correlations between NPB and VAS levels were noted in the AN group (R=0.33; p<0.001) as well as between concentrations of NPW and VAS in the same group (R=0.49; p<0.001). Furthermore, positive correlations existed between NPB and NPW concentrations across the whole studied population (AN+CONTR; R=0.75; p<0.000001), AN (R=0.73; p<0.000001) and CONTR (R=0.90; p<0.0005). Conclusions. In detailed diagnostics of AN it is worth considering testing NPB and VAS levels.
Bigger Is Not Always Better: Tumor Size and Prognosis in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Warner Allison Betof , Postow Michael A.
Published: June 2018

Tumor burden is a key consideration for the treatment of solid malignancies. Large baseline tumor size (an assessment of volume of disease in target lesions prior to treatment), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and site of disease are prognostic of poor overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4915–7. ©2018 AACR.

See related article by Joseph et al., p. 4960