bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4-t-Butylbenzylation of carboxylic acid for GC–MS analysis
Authors: Tsunoi Shinji , Yamamoto Nao , Yasuhisa Tomohiro , Akehi Riko , Suzuki Itaru , Shibata Ikuya
Published: April 2020

We report a 4-t-butylbenzyl derivatization for the analysis of carboxylic acids by GC–MS (EI). Carboxylic acids were analyzed as a 4-t-butylbenzyl ester after the derivatization with 4-t-butylbenzyl bromide. On the mass spectra of 4-t-butylbenzyl ester, [M-15]+ ions were observed with high intensity. These ions were tertiary benzyl cations generated by the elimination of a methyl radical from molecular ions. After optimization of the 4-t-butylbenzyl derivatization conditions using microwave reactor, we established a method for the determination of the carboxylic acids in water samples. The method showed good sensitivity and good reproducibility, and was successfully applied to the analysis of rain water samples.
Pediatric sinonasal and skull base lesions
Authors: Riley Charles A. , Soneru Christian P. , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Otten Marc L. , Gudis David A.
Published: April 2020

Pediatric skull base lesions are complex and challenging disorders. Safe and comprehensive management of this diverse group of disorders requires the expertise of an experienced multidisciplinary skull base team. Adult endoscopic skull base surgery has evolved due to technologic and surgical advancements, multidisciplinary team approaches, and continued innovation. Similar principles continue to advance the care delivered to the pediatric population. The approach and management of these lesions varies considerably based on tumor anatomy, pathology, and surgical goals. An understanding of the nuances of skull base reconstruction unique to the pediatric population is critical for successful outcomes.
Engaging the liberal state: Cardinal Manning and Irish home rule
Authors: von Arx Jeffrey
Published: April 2020

In the course of his long career (1865–1892) as Archbishop of Westminster and head of England’s Catholic Church, Henry Edward Manning articulated a position on the engagement of voluntary religious organizations like the Church with the liberal state, now understood, at least in the British context, as religiously neutral and responsive to public opinion through increasingly democratic forms of government and mediated through political parties. The greatest test and illustration of this position was his involvement in Irish Home Rule, where he deferred to the Irish hierarchy in their support of Charles Stuart Parnell’s Irish Parliamentary Party against his own inclinations and the immediate interests of the Catholic population in England. Manning’s position was in sharp contrast to that of Pope Leo XIII, who negotiated directly with Otto von Bismarck, and over the heads of the hierarchy and Germany’s Catholic Centre Party, to end the Kulturkampf. Thus Manning worked out amodus vivendifor the Church in relation to the liberal, democratic state that anticipates in many ways the practice of the Church in politics today.
Text Messaging and Disaster Preparedness Aids Engagement, Re-Engagement, Retention, and Communication Among Puerto Rican Participants in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-Testing Study After Hurricanes Irma and Maria
Authors: Brown William , Lopez Rios Javier , Sheinfil Alan , Frasca Timothy , Cruz Torres Catherine , Crespo Raynier , Dolezal Curtis , Giguere Rebecca , Lentz Cody , Balán Iván C. , Rael Christine Tagliaferri , Febo Irma , Carballo-Diéguez Alex
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Hurricanes can interrupt communication, exacerbate attrition, and disrupt participant engagement in research. We used text messaging and disaster preparedness protocols to re-establish communication, re-engage participants, and ensure retention in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-test study.

Methods:

Participants were given HIV home test kits to test themselves and/or their non-monogamous sexual partners before intercourse. A daily text message-based short message service computer-assisted self-interview (SMS-CASI) tool reminded them to report 3 variables: (1) anal sex without a condom, (2) knowledge of partners’ testing history, and (3) proof of partners’ testing history. A disaster preparedness protocol was put in place for hurricanes in Puerto Rico. We analyzed 6315 messages from participants (N = 12) active at the time of Hurricanes Irma and Maria. Disaster preparedness narratives were assessed.

Results:

All participants were able to communicate sexual behavior and HIV testing via SMS-CASI within 30 days following María. Some participants (n = 5, 42%) also communicated questions. Re-engagement within 30 days after the hurricane was 100% (second week/89%, third week/100%). Participant re-engagement ranged from 0–16 days (average = 6.4 days). Retention was 100%.

Conclusions:

Daily SMS-CASI and disaster preparedness protocols helped participant engagement and communication after 2 hurricanes. SMS-CASI responses indicated high participant re-engagement, retention, and well-being.
Programming the USSR: Leonid V. Kantorovich in context
Authors: BOLDYREV IVAN , DÜPPE TILL
Published: April 2020

In the wake of Stalin's death, many Soviet scientists saw the opportunity to promote their methods as tools for the engineering of economic prosperity in the socialist state. The mathematician Leonid Kantorovich (1912–1986) was a key activist in academic politics that led to the increasing acceptance of what emerged as a new scientific persona in the Soviet Union. Rather than thinking of his work in terms of success or failure, we propose to see his career as exemplifying a distinct form of scholarship, as a partisan technocrat, characteristic of the Soviet system of knowledge production. Confronting the class of orthodox economists, many factors were at work, including Kantorovich's cautious character and his allies in the Academy of Sciences. Drawing on archival and oral sources, we demonstrate how Kantorovich, throughout his career, negotiated the relations between mathematics and economics, reinterpreted political and ideological frames, and reshaped the balance of power in the Soviet academic landscape.
“A Treasure for the Poor”: The Contents of the Temple Treasures according to 2 Macc 3:10 in Light of the Biblical and Ancient Jewish and Christian Traditions
Authors: Martins Francisco
Published: April 2020

The attack of Heliodorus on the temple in 2 Macc 3 is the first of a series of events occupying the narrative core of the book. In the first act of the story, a dispute arises over the actual contents of the temple treasury, with the high priest Onias claiming that they are “deposits of widows and orphans” (3:10). This essay focuses on this detail and shows that it entails an as yet unnoticed connection with a core of biblically ingrained traditions that gain momentum in the Second Temple period and come to the fore afterwards in the works of ancient Jewish and Christian authors: traditions that equate God’s money with money intended for the poor. In order to substantiate my claim, I survey texts in Deuteronomy, Tobit, and the Epistle of Jeremiah in search of hints of this process of “pauperization” of God’s property, and proceed to investigate the history of reception of 2 Macc 3:10 in the Latin translations, among the church fathers, and in the post-Talmudic work Josippon. The aim is to demonstrate that 2 Macc 3:10 became a productive link in the rhetorical formulation of a topos which bore long-lasting literary, theological, and practical fruits.
Prediction and network modelling of self-harm through daily self-report and history of self-injury
Authors: Kyron Michael J. , Hooke Geoff R. , Page Andrew C.
Published: April 2020

Background

Self-harm is a significant public health issue, and both our understanding and ability to predict adverse outcomes are currently inadequate. The current study explores how preventative efforts could be aided through short-term prediction and modelling of risk factors for self-harm.

Methods

Patients (72% female, Mage = 40.3 years) within an inpatient psychiatric facility self-reported their psychological distress, interpersonal circumstances, and wish to live and die on a daily basis during 3690 unique admissions. Hierarchical logistic regressions assessed whether daily changes in self-report and history of self-harm could predict self-harm, with machine learning used to train and test the model. To assess interrelationships between predictors, network and cross-lagged panel models were performed.

Results

Increases in a wish to die (β = 1.34) and psychological distress (β = 1.07) on a daily basis were associated with increased rates of self-harm, while a wish to die on the day prior [odds ratio (OR) 3.02] and a history of self-harm (OR 3.02) was also associated with self-harm. The model detected 77.7% of self-harm incidents (positive predictive value = 26.6%, specificity = 79.1%). Psychological distress, wish to live and die, and interpersonal factors were reciprocally related over the prior day.

Conclusions

Short-term fluctuations in self-reported mental health may provide an indication of when an individual is at-risk of self-harm. Routine monitoring may provide useful feedback to clinical staff to reduce risk of self-harm. Modifiable risk factors identified in the current study may be targeted during interventions to minimise risk of self-harm.
Understanding diversity in later life through images of old age
Authors: Enßle Friederike , Helbrecht Ilse
Published: April 2020

This article aims to enhance the conceptual debate on diversity in old age by exploring the interplay of diversity in later life and images of old age. We argue that the analysis of images of old age on the micro-level is a fruitful methodology in order to unravel the meaning of diversity in later life. Drawing on findings from qualitative research in Berlin, we explore how new and diverse imaginations, experiences and lifestyles of old age emerge. The conceptual focus on images of old age enables us to investigate further what diversity in later life comprises and how it simultaneously fosters the genesis of new images of old age. The manifold new images we found in our research suggest that prevalent societal discourses about old age on the macro-level are rather deceptive and represent mostly stereotypes such as ‘active agers’ or ‘frail and dependent elders’. We offer three explanations why alternative images of old age are currently barely present in public discourse: (a) the actors transmitting images of age; (b) the institutionalisation of the images; and (c) the challenge to communicate complexity. We conclude by suggesting that images of old age are a promising starting point to explore and make visible both the diversity of social groups within the older generation as well as the heterogeneity of older individuals.
Two closely relatedTulipaspecies with different ploidy levels show distinct germination rates
Authors: Astuti Giovanni , Pratesi Sandro , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Carta Angelino
Published: April 2020

In the tetraploidTulipa sylvestriswe found larger and heavier seeds that germinated around 28 days earlier than those of the diploid ancestorTulipa pumila. The faster germination of the tetraploid species is linked to the faster growth of embryos, which reached their final length much earlier than the embryos of the diploid species. In conclusion, we argue a cautionary approach when dealing with comparative studies on ploidy level and germination to avoid misinterpretation of results when set against the natural conditions.
Dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars intake guidelines
Authors: Steele Courtney , Eyles Helen , Te Morenga Lisa , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Cleghorn Christine
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Emerging evidence suggests that free sugars intake in many countries exceeds that recommended by the WHO. However, information regarding real-world dietary patterns associated with meeting the WHO free sugars guidelines is lacking. The current study aimed to determine dietary patterns associated with meeting the guidelines to inform effective free sugars reduction interventions in New Zealand (NZ) and similar high-income countries.

Design:

Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis on repeat 24-h NZ Adult Nutrition Survey dietary recall data. Associations between dietary patterns and the WHO guidelines (<5 and <10 % total energy intake) were determined using logistic regression analyses.

Setting:

New Zealand.

Participants:

NZ adults (n4721) over 15 years old.

Results:

Eight dietary patterns were identified: ‘takeaway foods and alcohol’ was associated with meeting both WHO guidelines; ‘contemporary’ was associated with meeting the <10 % guideline (males only); ‘fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and dessert’, ‘traditional’ and ‘breakfast foods’ were negatively associated with meeting both guidelines; ‘sandwich’ and ‘snack foods’ were negatively associated with the <5 % guideline; and ‘saturated fats and sugar’ was negatively associated with the <10 % guideline.

Conclusions:

The majority of NZ dietary patterns were not consistent with WHO free sugars guidelines. It is possible to meet the WHO guidelines while consuming a healthier (‘contemporary’) or energy-dense, nutrient-poor (‘takeaway foods and alcohol’) diet. However, the majority of energy-dense patterns were not associated with meeting the guidelines. Future nutrition interventions would benefit from focusing on establishing healthier overall diets and reducing consumption and free sugars content of key foods.
Implications for Ice Stability and Particle Ejection From High‐Resolution Temperature Modeling of Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Authors: Rozitis B. , Emery J. P. , Siegler M. A. , Susorney H. C. M. , Molaro J. L. , Hergenrother C. W. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: April 2020

The finding by the OSIRIS‐REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security‐Regolith Explorer) mission that its target (101955) Bennu is an active asteroid has raised questions as to whether the observed particle ejection events are driven by temperature. To investigate sublimation of water ice and rock thermal fracture as possible temperature‐driven causes, we modeled the global temperatures of Bennu and searched for correlations with the identified ejection points on the asteroid surface. We computed temperatures with the Advanced Thermophysical Model and the 75‐cm‐resolution global shape model of Bennu derived by the OSIRIS‐REx mission. We find that ~1,856 m2 of Bennu's polar regions have orbit‐averaged temperatures that are sufficiently cold to enable water ice, if buried within the top few meters of the surface, to remain stable over geological timescales. Millimeter thick layers of surface water ice are also stable over ~103‐year timescales within polar centimeter‐scale cold traps. However, we do not find evidence of conditions enabling ice stability in the warmer equatorial regions, where ejection events have been observed, implying that sublimation of water ice is not the cause of particle ejection. Conversely, rock thermal fracture remains a possible mechanism of particle ejection. We find high amplitudes of diurnal temperature variation, a proxy for the efficacy of thermal fracturing, at all latitudes on Bennu due to its extreme ruggedness. Therefore, if rock thermal fracture is the mechanism, particles could be ejected from any latitude, which is consistent with the continued observations of particle ejection by OSIRIS‐REx.
Cep55 promotes cytokinesis of neural progenitors but is dispensable for most mammalian cell divisions
Authors: Tedeschi Antonio , Almagro Jorge , Renshaw Matthew J. , Messal Hendrik A. , Behrens Axel , Petronczki Mark
Published: April 2020

In mammalian cell lines, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III mediates abscission, the process that physically separates daughter cells and completes cell division. Cep55 protein is regarded as the master regulator of abscission, because it recruits ESCRT-III to the midbody (MB), the site of abscission. However, the importance of this mechanism in a mammalian organism has never been tested. Here we show that Cep55 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Cep55-knockout offspring show microcephaly and primary neural progenitors require Cep55 and ESCRT for survival and abscission. However, Cep55 is dispensable for cell division in embryonic or adult tissues. In vitro, division of primary fibroblasts occurs without Cep55 and ESCRT-III at the midbody and is not affected by ESCRT depletion. Our work defines Cep55 as an abscission regulator only in specific tissue contexts and necessitates the re-evaluation of an alternative ESCRT-independent cell division mechanism.
Consensus guidelines for management of hyperammonaemia in paediatric patients receiving continuous kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Raina Rupesh , Bedoyan Jirair K. , Lichter-Konecki Uta , Jouvet Philippe , Picca Stefano , Mew Nicholas Ah , Machado Marcel C. , Chakraborty Ronith , Vemuganti Meghana , Grewal Manpreet K. , Bunchman Timothy , Sethi Sidharth Kumar , Krishnappa Vinod , McCulloch Mignon , Alhasan Khalid , Bagga Arvind , Basu Rajit K. , Schaefer Franz , Filler Guido , Warady Bradley A.
Published: April 2020

Hyperammonaemia in children can lead to grave consequences in the form of cerebral oedema, severe neurological impairment and even death. In infants and children, common causes of hyperammonaemia include urea cycle disorders or organic acidaemias. Few studies have assessed the role of extracorporeal therapies in the management of hyperammonaemia in neonates and children. Moreover, consensus guidelines are lacking for the use of non-kidney replacement therapy (NKRT) and kidney replacement therapies (KRTs, including peritoneal dialysis, continuous KRT, haemodialysis and hybrid therapy) to manage hyperammonaemia in neonates and children. Prompt treatment with KRT and/or NKRT, the choice of which depends on the ammonia concentrations and presenting symptoms of the patient, is crucial. This expert Consensus Statement presents recommendations for the management of hyperammonaemia requiring KRT in paediatric populations. Additional studies are required to strengthen these recommendations.
Intensification of tidally generated internal waves in the north-central Bay of Bengal
Authors: Jithin A. K. , Subeesh M. P. , Francis P. A. , Ramakrishna S. S. V. S.
Published: April 2020

Flow of barotropic tidal currents over topographic features, such as continental slopes and submarine ridges, generates internal gravity waves at tidal periods known as internal tides. Amplitude of these waves are generally large near the generation regions. Analysis of Sea Surface Height (SSH) data, derived from satellite altimeter revealed the amplification of internal tides in the semidiurnal period in the north-central Bay of Bengal (BoB) (around 89$${}^{\circ }$$∘E, 16$${}^{\circ }$$∘N), which is about 450 km away from their generation sites. SSH signals found in the north-central BoB ($$ \sim $$~3 cm) were comparable to the maximum amplitudes (2.5 to 3.5 cm) observed near their potential generation sites in the BoB such as continental slopes in the head of the bay and Andaman-Nicobar (AN) Ridge. Simulations from a high-resolution regional ocean model also confirmed the presence of large internal tide amplitude in the north-central BoB. Our study revealed that convergence of internal tides, which were generated along the concave-shaped source (continental slopes in the head of the bay and the northern parts of AN Ridge), into its focal region caused their amplification in the north-central BoB. It was also found that internal tide energy dissipation rates in this focal region were about 10 times larger than those in other open ocean regions.
Author Correction: Development and performance of a targeted whole exome sequencing enrichment kit for the dog (Canis Familiaris Build 3.1)
Authors: Broeckx Bart J. G. , Coopman Frank , Verhoeven Geert E. C. , Bavegems Valérie , De Keulenaer Sarah , De Meester Ellen , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Deforce Dieter
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Peripheral perfusion, measured by perfusion index, is a novel indicator for renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Okada Hiroshi , Tanaka Muhei , Yasuda Takashi , Okada Yuki , Norikae Hisahiro , Fujita Tetsuya , Nishi Takashi , Oyamada Hirokazu , Yamane Tetsuro , Fukui Michiaki
Published: April 2020

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the leading causes of end stage renal disease. Despite recent therapies, mortality due to DKD and resources spent on healthcare are important problems. Thus, appropriate markers are needed to predict renal outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the role of peripheral perfusion as an indicator for renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This retrospective cohort study included 566 patients who were admitted to Matsushita Memorial Hospital in Osaka, Japan for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Peripheral perfusion was assessed using perfusion index (PI), which represents the level of circulation through peripheral tissues and was measured on each toe using a Masimo SET Radical-7 (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA) instrument. The duration of follow up was 3.0 years. The median age of patients was 70 years (IQR range: 61–77 years) and median PI value was 2.9% (IQR range: 1.8–4.8%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that PI (per 1% increase) was associated with an odds ratio of composite of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or doubling of serum creatinine level; n = 40 (odds ratio 0.823 [95% CI: 0.680–0.970]), and composite of ESRD, doubling of serum creatinine level, and renal death and/or cardiovascular death; n = 44 (odds ratio 0.803 [95% CI: 0.665–0.944]). The factors which were statistically significant in univariate analysis and those known to be related factors for renal event were considered simultaneously as independent variables for multiple logistic regression analysis. PI can be a novel indicator for renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Involvement of ammonia metabolism in the improvement of endurance performance by tea catechins in mice
Authors: Chen Shu , Minegishi Yoshihiko , Hasumura Takahiro , Shimotoyodome Akira , Ota Noriyasu
Published: April 2020

Blood ammonia increases during exercise, and it has been suggested that this increase is both a central and peripheral fatigue factor. Although green tea catechins (GTCs) are known to improve exercise endurance by enhancing lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, little is known about the relationship between ammonia metabolism and the endurance-improving effect of GTCs. Here, we examined how ammonia affects endurance capacity and how GTCs affect ammonia metabolism in vivo in mice and how GTCs affect mouse skeletal muscle and liver in vitro. In mice, blood ammonia concentration was significantly negatively correlated with exercise endurance capacity, and hyperammonaemia was found to decrease whole-body fat expenditure and fatty acid oxidation–related gene expression in skeletal muscle. Repeated ingestion of GTCs combined with regular exercise training improved endurance capacity and the expression of urea cycle–related genes in liver. In C2C12 myotubes, hyperammonaemia suppressed mitochondrial respiration; however, pre-incubation with GTCs rescued this suppression. Together, our results demonstrate that hyperammonaemia decreases both mitochondrial respiration in myotubes and whole-body aerobic metabolism. Thus, GTC-mediated increases in ammonia metabolism in liver and resistance to ammonia-induced suppression of mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle may underlie the endurance-improving effect of GTCs.
Association between Leukocyte Counts and Physical Fitness in Male Military Members: The CHIEF Study
Authors: Chung Pei-Shou , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Lin Yen-Po , Lin Yu-Kai , Lin Gen-Min
Published: April 2020

Low-grade inflammation, which is related to obesity and toxic substance use in young adults, may be associated with poor physical fitness. We investigated the association between total leukocyte count and physical fitness in a military cohort of 3,453 healthy young Taiwanese males aged 20–50 years in a cross-sectional study in 2014. Low-grade inflammation was defined according to equally sized quartiles of total leukocyte counts within the suggested normal limits (4.00–9.99 × 103/mm3). Aerobic fitness was assessed by the time for a 3-kilometer run test, and anaerobic fitness was evaluated by the numbers of sit-ups and push-ups performed in 2 minutes. Automatic monitoring systems were used to verify the scores for all procedures. Multiple linear regression was utilized to identify the associations among variables. When compared with the lowest counts (4.00–5.49 × 103/mm3), the second highest (6.50–7.49 × 103/mm3) and highest normal leukocyte counts (7.50–9.99 × 103/mm3) were correlated with longer times for a 3-kilometer run (β and 95% confidence intervals =4.93 (1.61, 8.25) and 4.65 (2.20, 7.10), respectively) and fewer numbers of push-ups performed in 2 minutes (β = −0.59 (−1.15, −0.03) and −0.56 (−0.96, −0.17), respectively), after adjustments for age, service specialty, waist circumference, body mass index, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and physical activity. However, the association with 2-minute sit-ups was null. Our study suggested an inverse association between total leukocyte count and not only aerobic fitness but also parts of anaerobic fitness in young males. The temporal association needs confirmation in longitudinal studies.
The effect of a mindfulness-based therapy on different biomarkers among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: González-Moret Rafael , Cebolla Ausias , Cortés Xavier , Baños Rosa M. , Navarrete Jaime , de la Rubia José Enrique , Lisón Juan Francisco , Soria José Miguel
Published: April 2020

Mindfulness-based interventions have shown some efficacy in decreasing stress levels and improving quality of life. However, so far, only a few studies have studied this type of intervention among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and none of them have studied their effects on inflammatory biomarkers. This current study was a two-armed, single-centre, randomised (2:1 ratio) controlled trial used to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (n = 37) compared to standard medical therapy (n = 20) in patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. The mindfulness intervention blended four internet-based therapy modules with four face-to-face support sessions. The outcomes we assessed were faecal calprotectin (primary outcome), C-reactive protein, and cortisol levels measured in hair samples at several timepoints. The between-group analysis highlighted significant decreases in faecal calprotectin and in C-reactive protein levels in the mindfulness-based intervention group compared to the standard medical therapy group at the six-month follow-up (faecal calprotectin: −367, [95% CI: −705, −29], P = 0.03; C-reactive protein: −2.82, [95% CI: −5.70, 0.08], P = 0.05), with moderate to large effect sizes (faecal calprotectin: ηp2 = 0.085; C-reactive protein: ηp2 = 0.066). We concluded that mindfulness-based therapy administered as part of standard clinical practice effectively improves inflammatory biomarkers in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.
Identification of Gentiana rigescens from different geographical origins based on HPLC and FTIR fingerprints
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Yuan Tianjun , Wu Lihua , Zhang Ji , Zuo Zhitian , Wang Yuanzhong
Published: April 2020

Gentiana rigescens is a traditional Chinese medicine with efficacy in liver protection, as a cholagogic, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hypertension agent, and in relieving spasms and pain.
Base-promoted 1,6-conjugate addition of alkylazaarenes to para-quinone methides
Authors: Rayaroth Amritha , Singh Rajat Kumar , A. V. Kalyanakrishnan , Hari Krishna , Kaliyamoorthy Alagiri
Published: April 2020

1,1,2-Triarylethanes embedded with an azaarene unit were prepared in a single step at ambient temperature via the sodium hexamethyldisilazide mediated 1,6-conjugate addition of unactivated alkylazaarenes on para-quinone methides (p-QMs).
Enantioselective synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of the male sex pheromone of the parasitoid wasp Urolepis rufipes
Authors: Melnik Kristina , Grimm Christopher , Wittbrodt Johannes , Ruther Joachim , Schulz Stefan
Published: April 2020

The parasitoid wasp Urolepis rufipes uses terminally oxidized dihydrolinalool as a sex pheromone. The absolute configuration of the active enantiomer was established as 2S,6S by synthesis and its pheromonal activity was proven in a bioassay.
Room-temperature synthesis of nanoceria for degradation of organophosphate pesticides and its regeneration and reuse
Authors: Tolasz Jakub , Henych Jiří , Šťastný Martin , Němečková Zuzana , Slušná Michaela Šrámová , Opletal Tomáš , Janoš Pavel
Published: April 2020

Nanoceria prepared under ambient conditions has excellent ability to decompose methyl parathion and can be regenerated by simply washing with water.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the mechanical behavior of alumina coated aluminum nanowires under tension and compression
Authors: Rosandi Yudi , Luu Hoang-Thien , Urbassek Herbert M. , Gunkelmann Nina
Published: April 2020

Alumina coatings increase the ductility of aluminum nanowires by reorganization of the Al–O layer and stabilization of bonds.
About the selectivity and reactivity of active nickel electrodes in C–C coupling reactions
Authors: Beil Sebastian B. , Breiner Manuel , Schulz Lara , Schüll Aaron , Müller Timo , Schollmeyer Dieter , Bomm Alexander , Holtkamp Michael , Karst Uwe , Schade Wolfgang , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: April 2020

Active anodes which are operating in highly stable protic media such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol are rare.
Chemical synthesis and immunological evaluation of new generation multivalent anticancer vaccines based on a Tn antigen analogue
Authors: Pifferi Carlo , Ruiz-de-Angulo Ane , Goyard David , Tiertant Claire , Sacristán Nagore , Barriales Diego , Berthet Nathalie , Anguita Juan , Renaudet Olivier , Fernández-Tejada Alberto
Published: April 2020

A fully-synthetic anticancer vaccine candidate incorporating an hexadecavalent Tn antigen analogue displayviaoxime linkages induced tumor-specific IgG antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice coadministered with QS-21 as an adjuvant.
Structural universality in disordered packings with size and shape polydispersity
Authors: Yuan Ye , Deng Wei , Li Shuixiang
Published: April 2020

Normalized free volume collapses on normalized particle size in polydisperse-sized packings for a given non-spherical particle.
Photometric redshift calibration with self-organising maps
Authors: Wright Angus H. , Hildebrandt Hendrik , van den Busch Jan Luca , Heymans Catherine
Published: April 2020

Accurate photometric redshift calibration is central to the robustness of all cosmology constraints from cosmic shear surveys. Analyses of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) re-weighted training samples from all overlapping spectroscopic surveys to provide a direct redshift calibration. Using self-organising maps we demonstrate that this spectroscopic compilation is sufficiently complete for KiDS, representing 99% of the effective 2D cosmic shear sample. We used the SOM to define a 100% represented “gold” cosmic shear sample, per tomographic bin. Using mock simulations of KiDS and the spectroscopic training set, we estimated the uncertainty on the SOM redshift calibration, and we find that photometric noise, sample variance, and spectroscopic selection effects (including redshift and magnitude incompleteness) induce a combined maximal scatter on the bias of the redshift distribution reconstruction (Δ⟨z⟩ = ⟨z⟩est − ⟨z⟩true) of σΔ⟨z⟩ ≤ 0.006 in all tomographic bins. Photometric noise and spectroscopic selection effects contribute equally to the observed scatter. We show that the SOM calibration is unbiased in the cases of noiseless photometry and perfectly representative spectroscopic datasets, as expected from theory. The inclusion of both photometric noise and spectroscopic selection effects in our mock data introduces a maximal bias of Δ⟨z⟩ = 0.013 ± 0.006, or Δ⟨z⟩ ≤ 0.025 at 97.% confidence, once quality flags have been applied to the SOM. The method presented here represents a significant improvement over the previously adopted direct redshift calibration implementation for KiDS, owing to its diagnostic and quality assurance capabilities. The implementation of this method in future cosmic shear studies will allow better diagnosis, examination, and mitigation of systematic biases in photometric redshift calibration.
Transgender im Jugendalter: Forschungsstand und zukünftiger
Forschungsbedarf
Authors: Becker-Hebly Inga , Briken Peer , Schulte-Markwort Michael , Nieder Timo O.
Published: April 2020

Transgender im Jugendalter ist ein viel diskutiertes Thema, das sich auch durch
eine zunehmende Prävalenz im klinischen Alltag zeigt. Diese
Literaturrecherche zu Transgender, Transgeschlechtlichkeit,
Transidentität, Trans*, Geschlechtsdysphorie oder
Geschlechtsinkongruenz im Jugendalter berichtet neben den aktuellen
Entwicklungen die Ergebnisse zu den mittel- bis langfristigen Folgen einer
körpermedizinischen Behandlung und der Bedeutung des sozialen Umfelds.
Zudem diskutiert der Beitrag Implikationen für die Versorgung und die
zukünftige Forschung.
Magdeburger PJ-Logbuch der chirurgischen Fächer – interdisziplinäre, einrichtungsspezifische Umsetzung der Vorgabe des Medizinischen Fakultätentages (MFT) von 2012
Authors: Witzel Katharina , Ballaschk Anne , Altmann Silke , Haß Hans-Jürgen , Chiapponi Costanza , Walcher Felix , Werwick Katrin , Croner Roland S. , Piatek Stefan , Meyer Frank
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund Das Praktische Jahr (PJ) stellt als letzter Abschnitt des Medizinstudiums eine prägende Ausbildungszeit dar, in der medizinisches Wissen konsequent in ärztliche Kompetenzen umgewandelt werden soll. Seit Novellierung der Ärztlichen Approbationsordnung (ÄApprO) vom 17. Juli 2012 sind ab 1. April 2013 die deutschen Universitäten verpflichtet, einen Ausbildungsplan in Form von PJ-Logbüchern für das Praktische Jahr in den Pflichttertialen Chirurgie und Innere Medizin bereitzustellen. In Vorbereitung dieser Neuerung hat der Medizinische Fakultätentag (MFT) im Juni 2012 Basis-Logbücher als Konsensusdokumente vorgelegt. An der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Magdeburg wird zur Ausbildung der PJ-Studierenden im Fach Chirurgie ein klinikspezifisches und in Eigeninitiative entwickeltes Portfolio genutzt. Es wurde überarbeitet und zu einem konkretisierten, alltagsbezogenen und stark klinisch orientierten, fakultätsspezifischen PJ-Logbuch nach Vorgabe des
MFT umgestaltet. Ziel dieses erörternden Kommentars ist es, das Magdeburger fakultätsspezifische Logbuch in seiner klinischen, sowohl kasus- und diagnose- als auch interventions- bzw. operationsbezogenen Ausrichtung zu präsentieren. Damit sollen institutionelle Erfahrungen vermittelt und die Durchführung des chirurgischen Pflichttertials Chirurgie in unserer Einrichtung dargestellt werden.

Methode Narrative Kurzübersicht unter Einbeziehung individueller Lehrerfahrungswerte und themenbezogener Literaturstellen aus „PubMed“ unter den Suchwörtern „surgical logbook“, „practical year“ und „medical teaching“. Hintergründe und Ziele der Dokumentmodifizierung der Fachabteilungen werden erläutert.

Ergebnis Das Logbuch unterteilt sich in 6 Abschnitte: Einführung, Basisteil, Anforderungskatalog, ausgesuchte chirurgische Krankheitsbilder und Operationen sowie Informationen zu PJ-Veranstaltungen und eine Anleitung zur Herstellung eines Fallberichtes.

Schlussfolgerung Das vorgestellte Magdeburger Logbuch der chirurgischen Fächer entspricht den Vorgaben des MFT und ist gleichzeitig an die Gegebenheiten und die Lehre der Magdeburger Medizinischen Fakultät angepasst. Den Studierenden wird ein alltagsbezogenes, klinisch relevantes Dokument an die Hand gegeben, um gemeinsam mit einem schlüssigen Ausbildungskonzept unverzichtbare praktisch-klinische Kompetenzen zu erwerben.
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Circulating Level of Adiponectin,
Chemerin, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Leptin, Resistin, and Visfatin: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Askarpour Moein , Alizadeh Shahab , Hadi Amir , Symonds Michael E. , Miraghajani Maryam , Sheikhi Ali , Ghaedi Ehsan
Published: April 2020

Different adipokines secreted from adipose tissue, exert a range of physiological
effects. The aim of present systematic review and meta-analysis was to
critically investigate the consequence of bariatric surgery on circulating
adipokines, that is, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin, plasminogen
activator inhibitor, and chemerin. After systematically checking the following
electronic databases: ISI web of Science, Scopus and PubMed without limitation
in time and language up to February 2019, a pool based on a random effect model
was established. Eighty-five eligible studies were entered for quantitative
analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that circulating adiponectin increased
significantly after bariatric surgery [Standardized mean difference
(SMD)=1.401, 95% CI: 1.101, 1.701, p<0.001]; whilst
leptin (SMD=–2.178, 95% CI: –2.433,
–1.923, p<0.001), PAI-1 (–14.928 ng/ml
95% CI: –21.794, –8.063, p<0.001), and chemerin
(–50.238 ng/ml 95% CI: –85.708,
–14.768, p<0.001) decreased. However, serum visfatin
(2.05 ng/ml, 95% CI: –5.07, 9.17,
p=0.573) and resistin (–2.080 ng/ml, 95%
CI: –5.352, 1.192, p=0.21) were unchanged. In conclusion,
bariatric surgery is associated with a reduction in specific adipokines
including leptin, chemerin, and PAI-1, whereas adiponectin is raised,
adaptations that could be indicative of improved fat mass and function.
Skill- und Grade-Mix in der Pflege (Teil 2)
Authors: Gumpenberger Franz
Published: April 2020

Für einen optimalen Skill- und Grade-Mix in der Dialyse ist in Österreich in erster Linie der aktuell gültige gesetzliche Rahmen des österreichischen Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegegesetzes konzeptleitend. Da es in diesem Funktionsbereich ausschließlich Pflegepersonal mit Sonderausbildung bzw. künftig mit einer Spezialisierung bedarf, ist das derzeitig geforderte Fachpersonal die Berufsgruppe des gehobenen Dienstes für Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege. Durch die Normierung der neuen Berufsgruppen Pflegefachassistenz und Pflegeassistenz in der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege werden Kompetenzerweiterungen und Aufgabenverteilungen im klinischen Setting neu angeregt. Ein visionäres Zukunftsszenario, welches bereits im europäischen Raum wie bspw. in Deutschland praktiziert wird, wäre auch für Österreich denkbar und umsetzbar. Dazu werden behandlungsbezogene Tätigkeiten den erforderlichen Berufsgruppen auf einer Dialyse zugeschrieben.
Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Major Cardiopulmonary Resections
Authors: Koryllos Aris , Lopez-Pastorini Alberto , Galetin Thomas , Defosse Jerome , Strassmann Stephan , Karagiannidis Christian , Stoelben Erich
Published: April 2020

Background In thoracic surgery, utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is mainly established for patients undergoing lung transplantation. The aim of our study was to summarize our single-center experience with intraoperative use of veno-venous- or veno-arterial-ECMO in patients undergoing complex lung surgery involving the main carina, or the left atrium or the descending aorta.

Methods A total of 24 patients underwent combined complex lung, carinal, aortal, or left atrial resections. In cases of carinal resection, percutaneous veno-venous, jugular–femoral cannulation was considered suitable. For combined resection of lung and descending aorta, a percutaneous femoral veno-arterial cannulation was used. In cases of extended left atrial resection, a percutaneous jugular–femoral veno-venous-arterial cannulation was favored.

Results Procedures were divided into three groups: carinal resections and reconstruction (n = 8), resections of the descending aorta and left lung (n = 7), resections of lung and left atrium (n = 9). No intraoperative complications occurred. Overall 30-day mortality was 25%. A complete resection was achieved in 18 patients. Median survival was 12 months. One- and 5-year survival were 48.1 and 22.7%, respectively.

Conclusion The present study shows that intraoperative use of ECMO for extended carinal, aortic, or atrial resections is feasible with minimal intraoperative complications allowing surgeons increased operating-field safety. Perioperative mortality is high, but this is rather an attribute of local extended disease and patient comorbidities.
Evaluation of Meniscal Tissue after Meniscal Repair Using Ultrahigh Field MRI
Authors: Stelzeneder Beate , Trabauer Bernhard Michael , Aldrian Silke , Stelzeneder David , Juras Vladimir , Albrecht Christian , Hajdu Stefan , Platzer Patrick , Trattnig Siegfried
Published: April 2020

The study evaluates the meniscal tissue after primary meniscal suturing using 7-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging with T2* mapping at 6 and 12 months after surgery to investigate the differences between repaired meniscal tissue and healthy meniscal tissue in the medial and lateral compartment. This prospective study included 11 patients (9m/2f) with a mean age of 30.6 years (standard deviation 9.0). Patients with a meniscal tear that was treated arthroscopically with meniscus suturing, using an all-inside technique, were included. All patients and seven healthy volunteers were imaged on a 7-T whole-body system. T2* mapping of the meniscus was applied on sagittal slices. Regions-of-interest were defined manually in the red and white zone of each medial and lateral meniscus to measure T2*-values. In the medial posterior and medial anterior horn similar T2*-values were measured in the red and white zone at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Compared with the control group higher T2*-values were found in the repaired medial meniscus. After 12-months T2*-values decreased to normal values in the anterior horn and remained elevated in the posterior horn. In the red zone of the lateral posterior horn a significant decrease in the T2*-values (from 8.2 milliseconds to 5.9 milliseconds) (p = 0.04), indicates successful repair; a tendency toward a decrease in the white zone between the 6 and 12 months follow-up was observed. In the red zone of the lateral anterior horn the T2*-values decreased significantly during follow-up and in the white zone of the lateral anterior horn T2*-values were comparable. In comparison to the control group higher T2*-values were measured at 6-months; however, the T2*-values showed comparable values in the repaired lateral meniscus after 12 months. The T2* mapping results of the current study indicated a better healing response of the red zone of the lateral posterior horn compared with the medial posterior horn.
Evaluating the use of risk assessment frameworks in the identification of population units for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Liddell Erin , Cook Carly N. , Sunnucks Paul
Published: April 2020

Abstract ContextManaging small, isolated populations requires conservation practitioners to weigh up the risks of inbreeding depression and outbreeding depression when assessing alternative management actions aimed at preventing species extinction. Accordingly, it is important that research intended to guide these management decisions provides the relevant evidence to inform them. AimsTo determine the extent to which studies that use genetic analyses to characterise population units for conservation consider the key theoretical concepts necessary for making sound management recommendations regarding the desirability of gene flow among units, notably the consequences and relative risks of inbreeding depression and outbreeding depression. MethodsA systematic search was conducted of peer-reviewed literature for studies that attempted to identify population units of threatened birds and mammals. Using content analysis, the theoretical framing of these studies was assessed, based on the discussion of key concepts concerning differences among populations. Key resultsThere has been a significant increase over time in the number of published studies that use genetics to identify population units for conservation. Many do not consider theoretical concepts relevant to the effective management of fragmented populations of threatened species. Mammals were more common than birds as focal species of studies, but the number of concepts used in the framing of the studies was similar for these two taxa, despite differences in their ecology and biology that might be expected to affect perceptions of distinctiveness. Nevertheless, species of greater conservation concern tended to have a slightly more comprehensive theoretical framing. ConclusionsThere is great potential for more studies to implement theoretical guidelines and practical decision support tools when considering the best course of action for identifying appropriate population units for conservation management. ImplicationsThe gap in the identified literature is likely to be impacting the ability of conservation practitioners to make evidence-informed decisions about how to manage the genetic health of threatened species; it would be valuable to improve this situation.
Edge Irregular Reflexive Labeling on Corona of Path and Other Graphs
Authors: Indriati Diari , Widodo  , Rosyida Isnaini
Published: April 2020

Let G(V, E) be an undirected and simple graph with vertex set V and edge set E Define a k -labeling f on G such that the element belong to E are labeled with integers {1,2,…,ke
} and the element belong to V are labeled with even integers {0,2,…,2kv
}, where k = max{ke
,2kv
}. A k -labeling f is mentioned as an edge irregular reflexive k -labeling if distinct edges have distinct weight. The weight of edge xy is denoted by wt(xy) and defined as wt(xy) = f (x) + f (xy) + f (y). A minimum k for which G has an edge irregular reflexive k -labeling is called reflexive edge strength of G and denoted by res(G). This paper contains investigation of edge irregular reflexive k -labeling for corona of path and other graphs and determination of their reflexive edge strengths.
A numerical solution for heat transfer past a stretching sheet with ohmic dissipation and suction or injection problem using Haar wavelet quasilinearization method
Authors: Nor Artisham C G , Suazlan M A
Published: April 2020

This paper represents a numerical analysis for heat transfer of a Jeffrey fluid flow past a stretching sheet with ohmic dissipation and suction/injection. The partial differential equations are reduced into a set of convenient nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the boundary conditions. Haar wavelet quasilinearization method (HWQM) is used to solve ordinary differential equations. The effect of various related parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are computed and analyzed. Then, comparison is made between the numerical results of proposed method with existing numerical solutions found in the literature, and reasonable agreement is noted.
Numerical solution for the chemotaxis model by finite difference method
Authors: Messikh C. , Chowdhury M. S. H. , Guesmia A. , Mawa Shukranul , Okhunov Abdurahim , Aznam Suazlan Mt
Published: April 2020

The finite difference method for discretization space fractional chemotaxis model is introduced in this study. The space fractional chemotaxis system is obtained from the classical advection-diffusion equations of the chemotaxis system by replacing the spatial derivative with a generalized derivative of fractional order. We compare the numerical solution of finite difference method and exact solution for a test example. The results reveal that the finite difference method is very simple and efficient for solving space fractional chemotaxis system.