bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Catalyst for CO2 Photo‐Reduction: From Controllable Product Selectivity by Architecture Engineering to Improving Charge Transfer Using Stabilized Au Clusters
Authors: Ziarati Abolfazl , Zhao Jiangtao , Afshani Jafar , Kazan Rania , Perez Mellor Ariel , Rosspeintner Arnulf , McKeown Siobhan , Bürgi Thomas
Published: March 2023

Despite enormous progress and improvement in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), the development of photocatalysts that suppress H2 evolution reaction (HER), during CO2RR, remains still a challenge. Here, new insight is presented for controllable CO2RR selectivity by tuning the architecture of the photocatalyst. Au/carbon nitride with planar structure (p Au/CN) showed high activity for HER with 87% selectivity. In contrast, the same composition with a yolk@shell structure (Y@S Au@CN) exhibited high selectivity of carbon products by suppressing the HER to 26% under visible light irradiation. Further improvement for CO2RR activity was achieved by a surface decoration of the yolk@shell structure with Au25(PET)18 clusters as favorable electron acceptors, resulting in longer charge separation in Au@CN/Auc Y@S structure. Finally, by covering the structure with graphene layers, the designed catalyst maintained high photostability during light illumination and showed high photocatalytic efficiency. The optimized Au@CN/Auc/G Y@S structure displays high photocatalytic CO2RR selectivity of 88%, where the CO and CH4 generations during 8 h are 494 and 198 µmol/gcat., respectively. This approach combining architecture engineering and composition modification provides a new strategy with improved activity and controllable selectivity toward targeting applications in energy conversion catalysis.
Identifying, Resolving, and Quantifying Anisotropy in ReS2 Nanomechanical Resonators
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhu Jiankai , Xiao Fei , Jiao Chenyin , Liang Yachun , Wen Ting , Wu Song , Zhang Zejuan , Lin Lin , Pei Shenghai , Jia Hao , Chen Ying , Ren Ziming , Wei Xueyong , Huang Wen , Xia Juan , Wang Zenghui
Published: March 2023

As an emerging two‐dimensional semiconductor, rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is renowned for its strong in‐plane anisotropy in electrical, optical, and thermal properties. In contrast to the electrical, optical, optoelectrical, and thermal anisotropies that are extensively studied in ReS2, experimental characterization of mechanical properties has largely remained elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that the dynamic response in ReS2 nanomechanical resonators can be leveraged to unambiguously resolve such disputes. Using anisotropic modal analysis, the parameter space for ReS2 resonators in which mechanical anisotropy is best manifested in resonant responses is determined. By measuring their dynamic response in both spectral and spatial domains using resonant nanomechanical spectromicroscopy, it is clearly shown that ReS2 crystal is mechanically anisotropic. Through fitting numerical models to experimental results, it is quantitatively determined that the in‐plane Young's moduli are 127 and 201 GPa along the two orthogonal mechanical axes. In combination with polarized reflectance measurements, it is shown that the mechanical soft axis aligns with the Re‐Re chain in the ReS2 crystal. These results demonstrate that dynamic responses in nanomechanical devices can offer important insights into intrinsic properties in 2D crystals and provide design guidelines for future nanodevices with anisotropic resonant responses.
Engineered photoresponsive biohybrids for tumor therapy
Authors: Wang Xiaocheng , Sun Yazhi , Wangpraseurt Daniel
Published: March 2023

Engineered biohybrids have recently emerged as innovative biomimetic platforms for cancer therapeutic applications. Particularly, engineered photoresponsive biohybrids hold tremendous potential against tumors due to their intriguing biomimetic properties, photoresponsive ability, and enhanced biotherapeutic functions. In this review, the design principles of engineered photoresponsive biohybrids and their latest progresses for tumor therapy are summarized. Representative engineered photoresponsive biohybrids are highlighted including biomolecules‐associated, cell membrane‐based, eukaryotic cell‐based, bacteria‐based, and algae‐based photoresponsive biohybrids. Representative tumor therapeutic modalities of the engineered photoresponsive biohybrids are presented, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, synergistic therapy, and tumor therapy combined with tissue regeneration. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives of these photoresponsive biohybrids for clinical practice are discussed.
Optimization of Mold Slag for Continuous Casting of Peritectic Steel
Authors: Jin Hebin , Tu Lingfeng , Zhang Xubin , Wang Qiangqiang
Published: March 2023

To reduce the occurrence of stickers and longitudinal cracks during continuous casting (CC) of peritectic steel, herein, the use of a mold slag with high basicity and adequate lubrication is proposed. Laboratory results indicate that the mold slag with a basicity of 1.75 and 2.3 wt% Li2O content exhibits a lower break and melting temperatures and relatively fast crystallization rate. The proposed mold slag can rapidly induce crystallization to control the heat flux, and the residual flux after crystallization and formation of the solid slag still exhibits excellent lubrication on the initial shell. Thus, coordination control of heat transfer and lubrication during CC of peritectic steel can be achieved. Industrial trials obtain satisfactory results, the application of the designed mold slag reduces the occurrence of stickers, and longitudinal cracks are reduced at the initial stage of one sequence casting.
Development of a Kinetic Model for Ti‐Bearing Steel‐Slag Reaction
Authors: Zhao Maoguo , Liu Hao , Wang Xufeng , Chen Gujun , Wang Qiangqiang , Zhang Xubin , Wang Qian , He Shengping
Published: March 2023

A kinetic model based on the double‐film theory is developed to predict the composition‐change behavior of Ti‐bearing steel and slag during the slag‐liquid steel reaction process and validated by experimental results. The chemical reactions between the slag‐metal, slag‐crucible refractory, and metal‐crucible refractory are considered. Specifically, a coupled reaction model based on the CaO–MgO–CaF2–SiO2–Al2O3–TiO2–FeO–MnO and Fe–Si–Al–Ti–Ca–Mg–Mn–S–O systems is applied to describe the reaction between liquid steel and slag. Furthermore, the activity coefficients of slag components are calculated using the ion and molecular coexistence theory model. The reaction between the slag and refractory is described using an empirical equation. The reaction between the liquid steel and refractory is described using a coupled reaction model, wherein the reaction between [Al] and MgO is considered. Finally, the effect of (TiO2) on the [Ti] is discussed using this model. The results indicate that the [Ti] decreases, the [Si] increases, and the [Al] increases initially and subsequently decreases with reaction time. An increase in (TiO2) can decrease the oxidation of [Ti] by (SiO2) and (Al2O3). When the (TiO2) increases, the mass ratio of CaO to SiO2 should be further increased to decrease the oxidation of [Ti].
Argyres-Douglas avatars of Coulomb branch physics
Authors: Bhargava Chinmaya , Buican Matthew , Jiang Hongliang
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study ultraviolet (UV) incarnations of deep infrared (IR) physics on the Coulomb branch of the simplest interacting 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theory: the minimal Argyres-Douglas (MAD) theory. One of the most basic properties of the Coulomb branch is an emergent infinite-dimensional higher-spin symmetry. While the MAD theory is interacting and therefore does not have such a symmetry, we find UV operators that encode the emergent complex higher-spin symmetry on the Coulomb branch. Moreover, we show that cousins of these UV operators give rise to cousins of the IR higher-spin multiplets. In terms of superconformal representation theory, we are led to a conjecture on the exact spectrum of $$ {\overline{\mathcal{C}}}_{R,r\left(j,\overline{j}\right)} $$

C
¯

R
,
r

j

j
¯

multiplets in the MAD theory for all R, r, j, and $$ \overline{j} $$

j
¯

satisfying $$ R+\overline{j}-j+1=0 $$
R
+

j
¯

−
j
+
1
=
0
, thereby making progress towards a full characterization of the protected spectrum. Along the way, we give a geometrical interpretation of these operators and include them in an extension of the Coulomb branch / $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 chiral operator correspondence.
Operator growth in open quantum systems: lessons from the dissipative SYK
Authors: Bhattacharjee Budhaditya , Cao Xiangyu , Nandy Pratik , Pathak Tanay
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We study the operator growth in open quantum systems with dephasing dissipation terms, extending the Krylov complexity formalism of [1]. Our results are based on the study of the dissipative q-body Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYKq) model, governed by the Markovian dynamics. We introduce a notion of “operator size concentration” which allows a diagrammatic and combinatorial proof of the asymptotic linear behavior of the two sets of Lanczos coefficients (an and bn) in the large q limit. Our results corroborate with the semi-analytics in finite q in the large N limit, and the numerical Arnoldi iteration in finite q and finite N limit. As a result, Krylov complexity exhibits exponential growth following a saturation at a time that grows logarithmically with the inverse dissipation strength. The growth of complexity is suppressed compared to the closed system results, yet it upper bounds the growth of the normalized out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC). We provide a plausible explanation of the results from the dual gravitational side.
On the analytical continuation of lattice Liouville theory
Authors: Cao Xiangyu , Santachiara Raoul , Usciati Romain
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The path integral of Liouville theory is well understood only when the central charge c ∈ [25, ∞). Here, we study the analytical continuation the lattice Liouville path integral to generic values of c, with a particular focus on the vicinity of c ∈ (−∞, 1]. We show that the c ∈ [25, ∞) lattice path integral can be continued to one over a new integration cycle of complex field configurations. We give an explicit formula for the new integration cycle in terms of a discrete sum over elementary cycles, which are a direct generalization of the inverse Gamma function contour. Possible statistical interpretations are discussed. We also compare our approach to the one focused on Lefschetz thimbles, by solving a two-site toy model in detail. As the parameter equivalent to c varies from [25, ∞) to (−∞, 1], we find an infinite number of Stokes walls (where the thimbles undergo topological rearrangements), accumulating at the destination point c ∈ (−∞, 1], where the thimbles become equivalent to the elementary cycles.
Dermatoskopie entzündlicher Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Szebényi Julia , Légrádi Mária , Németh Csongor , Joura Marie Isolde , Gyulai Rolland , Lengyel Zsuzsanna
Published: March 2023

Das Dermatoskop wurde ursprünglich in der Dermatologie eingesetzt, um zwischen pigmentierten und nicht pigmentierten, gut- und bösartigen Tumoren zu unterscheiden. In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten hat sich der Anwendungsbereich der Technik jedoch erweitert, und diese Untersuchungsmethode hat bei der Diagnose von Nichttumorerkrankungen, insbesondere von entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen, zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Bei der Beurteilung allgemeiner entzündlicher Hauterkrankungen wird empfohlen, nach der klinischen Untersuchung eine dermatoskopische Untersuchung durchzuführen. In der folgenden Zusammenfassung beschreiben die Autoren die dermatoskopischen Merkmale der einzelnen entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen. Zu den detaillierten Parametern gehören die Gefäßstruktur, die Farbe, die Schuppung, das Follikelmuster und das mit jeder Krankheit verbundene spezifische Muster.
Mathematical Theory of Nonlinear Single-Phase Poroelasticity
Authors: van Duijn C. J. , Mikelić Andro
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study the equations of nonlinear poroelasticity derived from mixture theory. They describe the quasi-static mechanical behavior of a fluid saturated porous medium. The nonlinearity arises from the compressibility of the fluid and from the dependence of porosity and permeability on the divergence of the displacement. We point some limitations of the model. In our approach, we discretize the quasi-static formulation in time and first consider the corresponding incremental problem. For this, we prove existence of a solution using Brézis’ theory of pseudo-monotone operators. Generalizing Biot’s free energy to the nonlinear setting, we construct a Lyapunov functional, yielding global stability. This allows us to construct bounds that are uniform with respect to the time step. In the case when dissipative interface effects between the fluid and the solid are taken into account, we consider the continuous time case in the limit when the time step tends to zero. This yields existence of a weak free energy solution.
Biofuel production, hydrogen production and water remediation by photocatalysis, biocatalysis and electrocatalysis
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Elgarahy Ahmed M. , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , El-Aqapa Hisham G. , Park Yuri , Hwang Yuhoon , Ayati Ali , Farghali Mohamed , Ihara Ikko , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Rooney David W. , Yap Pow-Seng , Sillanpää Mika
Published: March 2023

The energy crisis and environmental pollution have recently fostered research on efficient methods such as environmental catalysis to produce biofuel and to clean water. Environmental catalysis refers to green catalysts used to breakdown pollutants or produce chemicals without generating undesirable by-products. For example, catalysts derived from waste or inexpensive materials are promising for the circular economy. Here we review environmental photocatalysis, biocatalysis, and electrocatalysis, with focus on catalyst synthesis, structure, and applications. Common catalysts include biomass-derived materials, metal–organic frameworks, non-noble metals nanoparticles, nanocomposites and enzymes. Structure characterization is done by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller isotherm, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that water pollutants can be degraded with an efficiency ranging from 71.7 to 100%, notably by heterogeneous Fenton catalysis. Photocatalysis produced dihydrogen (H2) with generation rate higher than 100 μmol h−1. Dihydrogen yields ranged from 27 to 88% by methane cracking. Biodiesel production reached 48.6 to 99%.
New investments in phosphorus research and training are paramount for Brazilian long-term environmental and food security
Authors: Raniro Henrique Rasera , Papera Jéssica , José Lucas Urbano , Valença Rodrigo Maia , Pavinato Paulo Sergio , Hermann Ludwig , Santner Jakob
Published: March 2023

Brazil is an agricultural giant that plays a crucial role in the Global Phosphorus Challenge (GPC), and whose highly weathered soils are currently dependent on phosphorus (P) fertilizers derived from phosphate rock, a dwindling and critical resource. Brazil imports > 50% of its P fertilizers and P recovery from waste is not yet explored in the country, making it vulnerable to market instabilities, phosphate rock availability, and geopolitical conflicts. To make matters worse, Brazilian research budget has been shrinking for 7 years straight, hindering scientific efforts and causing significant ‘brain drain’, further undermining the country’s capacity to tackle this critical problem. However, an opportunity comes with the new Brazilian Federal government (starting January 2023), which promises to make significant investments in science and higher education. We call for all stakeholders to seize this important moment and timely collaborate in creating multidisciplinary P-related projects, taking advantage of the soon-to-be available resources to develop knowledge, technologies, and training networks to shape a new generation of experts in P management in the tropics. We are confident that through agriculture intensification, intelligent use of resources, new legislation and governance, Brazil will stride towards sustainable food production, bringing immediate value to Brazil and the world by protecting the Amazon forest and advancing to overcome the GPC.
Assessing the Implementation of an LGBTQ+ Mental Health Services Training Program to Determine Feasibility and Acceptability During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fish Jessica N. , King-Marshall Evelyn C. , Turpin Rodman E. , Aparicio Elizabeth M. , Boekeloo Bradley O.
Published: March 2023

Despite significant social and legal progress, LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other sexual and gender minority) populations continue to experience higher rates of mental health and substance use disorders than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Effective LGBTQ+ affirmative mental health care is essential for addressing these disparities but is often limited and difficult to access. The shortage of LGBTQ+ affirmative mental health care providers results from the absence of required and accessible LGBTQ+-focused training and technical assistance opportunities for mental health care professionals. This study evaluates the implementation of our COVID-19 adapted, completely virtual, organization- and therapist-focused training program to improve the mental health workforce’s cultural competence in working with the LGBTQ+ community: the Sexual and Gender Diversity Learning Community (SGDLC). Guided by an expanded RE-AIM model, we used administrator and therapist feedback to assess SGDLC implementation factors to understand how it may be best translated for scaled-up promotion and widespread adoption. Assessment of the initial reach, adoption, and implementation of the SGDLC indicated that it had strong feasibility; reports on satisfaction and relevance support the SGDLC’s acceptability. Maintenance could not be fully assessed from the short study follow-up period. Still, administrators and therapists expressed an intent to continue their newfound practices, a desire for continued training and technical assistance in this area, but also concerns about finding additional opportunities for this education.
Price promotions, beneficiary framing, and mental accounting
Authors: Fisher Geoffrey , McGranaghan Matthew , Liaukonyte Jura , Wilbur Kenneth C.
Published: March 2023

We introduce the idea of beneficiary framing to the promotion response literature. Two large-scale field experiments (total N = 73,010) in the context of print-at-home coupons show that framing a savings message as affecting a beneficiary (i.e., “save for X”) increases coupon printing and redemptions. This beneficiary framing effect is equivalent to an incremental $0.05 (3.4%) of coupon value. We report eight additional studies (total N = 3,052) to investigate the mechanism, replicability, and role of salience. We find evidence supporting a mental accounting explanation: participants with beneficiary-related budget categories rate beneficiary-framed coupons as more account-relevant and more valuable than non-beneficiary-framed coupons. The experiments further suggest that the beneficiary framing effect (i) holds across multiple common budgeting domains, (ii) cannot be fully explained by an affect transfer mechanism, (iii) is not solely attributable to the visual salience of the beneficiary framing treatment, and (iv) exhibits a boundary condition in which beneficiary framing may reduce promotion response when the recipient does not have a relevant beneficiary. Overall, the results suggest a low-cost approach that some marketers can use to increase promotion uptake.
Impact Response of a Composite Structural Battery in Low-Velocity Tests
Authors: Di Mauro Gennaro , Russo Pietro , Guida Michele
Published: March 2023

The tuning of the structural batteries for various applications of transportation is an ambitious target. The pollutant emission and mostly the process for battery recycling and recovery are peculiar aspects to consider for new designs. The goal is to reduce the weight. In this frame, taking into account that the traditional battery packs do not contribute to the structural performance, it is worth to underline the solution of the structural batteries allows to increase the mechanical properties as they are integrated into the primary structure. The paper establishes the response of a composite structural battery model subjected to low-velocity impact tests. The process used to manufacture the structural battery model is described, and the experimental activities are performed by a customized drop tower and finally replicated numerically by explicit code to enhance the comprehension of the structural dynamics. Differences with respect to a carbon fiber laminate are highlighted both for the force released at the impact and dart displacement, for the same levels of energy.
Assessing repair and maintenance efficiency for water suppliers: a novel hybrid USBM-FIS framework
Authors: Sarfaraz Amir Homayoun , Yazdi Amir Karbassi , Hanne Thomas , Wanke Peter Fernandes , Hosseini Raheleh Sadat
Published: March 2023

A metropolitan area's water supply is imperative to the city's development. One of the main goals of the water supply utilities is to ensure the availability of water, as a lack of water would cause many social, political, or health problems. Therefore, water supply facilities must be in good condition, efficient preventive maintenance plans must be implemented, and the performance of the maintenance team monitored. In this paper, efficiency indices of Tehran water utility maintenance teams are investigated using different Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. The final scores were then used as inputs to a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to assess the efficiency of these maintenance units. Two performance indicators based on DEA, "Availability efficiency" and "Repair time efficiency" are introduced for performance assessment. The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) and the Ready To Operate (RTO) are two desirable outputs that are considered in addition to one undesirable output: the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR). In addition, we suggest a new index named MRRW by combining the DEA efficiency with the RRW index. We introduce a novel approach based on DEA combined with FIS methods and the new factors for evaluating water supply maintenance systems, while most previous studies on measuring the efficiency of maintenance teams consider only limited aspects of performance measurement. Based on the results of our study, it became clear that the MRRW measures efficiency better than the traditional RRW measures. We present future improvement strategies based on the output of the FIS.
Sustainability for all? The challenges of predicting and managing the potential risks of end-of-life electric vehicles and their batteries in the Global South
Authors: Prates Luisa , Karthe Daniel , Zhang Lulu , Wang Lili , O’Connor Jack , Lee Halim , Dornack Christina
Published: March 2023

The transition from fossil-fuel-based internal combustion vehicles to electric vehicles plays a key role to decarbonize road transport and mitigate climate change. Even though this transition is still in its infancy, it is important to consider not only its environmental benefits but also its potential side effects. Recent projections estimate that the current electric vehicle fleet is expected to increase from 2.4 million in 2020 to over 81 million in 2050, when more than half of all new cars sold are predicted to be battery-electric vehicles (BEVs). End-of-life (EOL) BEVs and their components (particularly the batteries) are far more challenging to manage than their fossil-fueled predecessors as they contain large amounts of chemical substances that constitute potential hazards to the environment and human health and safety. The paper discusses relevant topics for understanding future risks of transition to electric mobility in the Global South countries, which include the internationally used vehicle fluxes; waste management challenges for EoL BEV and its lithium-ion batteries (LIB); environmental and human health impacts of EoL LIBs disposal and policies and regulations for the e-vehicle life cycle. Recommendations to support the development of science-based policies to close regulation gaps of the used electric vehicle international trade flow, avoid pollution-shifting and guarantee a sustainable transition to e-mobility in the Global South countries are given. As a conclusion, an integrated approach from international and national stakeholders is fundamental to guarantee strong policies and regulations as well as to support the development of a sound management of EoL EV and LIBs in the Global South countries and help pave the way to a global circular economy.
Air Pollution and Racial Disparities in Pregnancy Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dzekem Bonaventure S. , Aschebrook-Kilfoy Briseis , Olopade Christopher O.
Published: March 2023

Background

Exposure to air pollutants and other environmental factors increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that adverse outcomes related to air pollution disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities. The objective of this paper is to explore the importance of race as a risk factor for air pollution-related poor pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

Studies investigating the effects of exposure to air pollution on pregnancy outcomes by race were reviewed. A manual search was conducted to identify missing studies. Studies that did not compare pregnancy outcomes among two or more racial groups were excluded. Pregnancy outcomes included preterm births, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirths.

Results

A total of 124 articles explored race and air pollution as risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome. Thirteen percent of these (n=16) specifically compared pregnancy outcomes among two or more racial groups. Findings across all reviewed articles showed more adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirths) related to exposure to air pollution among Blacks and Hispanics than among non-Hispanic Whites.

Conclusion

Evidence support our general understanding of the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes and, specifically, of disparities in exposure to air pollution and birth outcomes for infants born to Black and Hispanic mothers. The factors driving these disparities are multifactorial, mostly social, and economic factors. Reducing or eliminating these disparities require interventions at individual, community, state, and national level.
Countering Negotiation Power Asymmetries by Using the Adjusted Winner Algorithm
Authors: Zulauf Katrin , Wagner Ralf
Published: March 2023

One promise of computational decision support is enabling better solutions in interactions and social exchange by supporting human strengths (e.g. intuitive decision-making) with formal procedures. This study investigates whether mathematical post-negotiation procedures can guide parties to an efficient negotiation result and thus overcome the shortcomings of human-only approaches in the situation of power asymmetry. The results show that (a) an increase in power by means of a rise in issue authority for one of the two parties does not lead to an increase in humans’ negotiation efficiency, (b) the use of mathematical post-negotiation procedures eminently improves the overall results and (c) the powerful party is likely to benefit most from applying a neutral post-negotiation procedure. These differences highlight that power in commercial negotiations does not compensate for insufficient negotiation skills or efforts in the empowered party. On the contrary, unbalanced power decreases the likelihood of success. Despite the ability to prevail because of power, the post-negotiation procedure reveals options advantageous for both parties.
Barcoding of white-spotted stink bug, Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) attacking Egyptian barley and its population density
Authors: Mariey Samah A. , Khatab Ismael A. , Aiad Mahmoud A. , Mansour Mohsena R. K.
Published: March 2023

White-spotted stink bugs, were noticed as a first time in a few numbers of the Egyptian barley cultivar Giza 138 plants in mid of January of 2019/2020 season at soil improvement and conservation Research department at Sakha Agricultural Research station, farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Government, Egypt. Morphological identification and DNA barcoding of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were used identified the species of collected bugs. The results revealed a new record ofEysarcoris ventralis(Westwood 1837) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). The results of pest insect survey of directly accounts on barley cultivar weekly during two growing winter 2019/2020 and 2019/2021 seasons displayed a significant effect of seasons on theE. ventralispopulation density. Positive significantly correlation was found between theE. ventralispopulation density and growth stages of barley under 2019/2020 and 2019/2021 seasons by (0.311 and 0.531) respectively. Regression coefficient, revealed that decrease of temperature by 1 °C increased population ofE. ventralisby 0.051 and 0.036 insects per 10 tillers in 2019/2020 and 2019/2021 seasons respectively, while increase of relative humidity by 1% decreased population ofE. ventralisby 0.047 and 0.31 insects per 10 tillers in 2019/2020 and 2019/2021 seasons. High population ofE. ventraliswas found in Anthesis stage of barley. Minor damage was found in immature grain at dough stage. Thus these results are so important to using feature integrated pest management (IPM) programs in barley to avoid the damage ofEysarcoris ventralis(Westwood 1837). Partial DNA sequence of collected sample using cytochromecoxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene with clear alignment of 576 bp. The tested sequence more related toEysarcorissp. and far fromNezarasp.). For more accuracy, BLAST was used for tested sequence withEysarcorissp. and found it closely related toE. ventralis.DNA sequence ofCOIas type effectively precludes the finding of a new evidence to resolve taxonomic problems.
Embedded System for the Analysis of Thermal Properties of Hemoglobin
Authors: Castañeda-Miranda Alejandro , Castaño Víctor M.
Published: March 2023

A novel embedded photoacoustic system design is described and a calculation method is proposed to determine the blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation through the thermal properties of different skin color types. A heat equation model allows a calculation procedure to determine the reflection and transmitted thermal wave amplitude for obtaining a depth profile, depending on the modulation frequency at the air-skin-subcutaneous tissue interface. Our reflection-mode photoacoustic technique involves the use of a 445 nm pulsed-laser light spot on subcutaneous tissue to obtain amplitude and phase from signals for different skin color types. The transmission and reflection temperature coefficients are fitted through a heat propagation model to estimate the thermal wave properties of blood hemoglobin. Nonlinearly amplified photoacoustic signals are modeled from the microphone and their stability analyzed by a bode diagram, as to consider overheated hemoglobin background. An dedicated electronic embedded system is thus integrated, including memory, processor and preprocessor, to provide a simple measurement technique, as compared to conventional instruments.
A History of Nihilism in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Stewart Jon
Published: March 2023

Nihilism – the belief that life is meaningless – is frequently associated with twentieth-century movements such as existentialism, postmodernism and Dadaism, and thought to result from the shocking experiences of the two World Wars and the Holocaust. In his rich and expansive new book, Jon Stewart shows that nihilism's beginnings in fact go back much further to the first half of the nineteenth century. He argues that the true origin of modern nihilism was the rapid development of Enlightenment science, which established a secular worldview. This radically diminished the importance of human beings so that, in the vastness of space and time, individuals now seemed completely insignificant within the universe. The author's panoramic exploration of how nihilism developed – not only in philosophy, but also in religion, poetry and literature – shows what an urgent topic it was for thinkers of all kinds, and how it has continued powerfully to shape intellectual debates ever since.
The Buchenwald Child
Authors: Niven William
Published: March 2023

The dramatic story of a Jewish child's rescue at Buchenwald and its use as propaganda in both East and united Germany.
Reading W. G. Sebald
Authors: Blackler Deane
Published: March 2023

A daring new view of Sebald's works and the reading practice they call forth.
Decoding Domesday
Authors: Roffe David
Published: March 2023

New light is shed on the motives and objectives for the compiling of the still-mysterious Domesday Book, revolutionising our understanding of the period.
Elgar the Music Maker
Authors: McVeagh Diana
Published: March 2023

An expert and informative appraisal of all of Elgar's works - from his juvenilia to the unfinished 3rd symphony - by the author of the acclaimed Gerald Finzi.
Hanover and the British Empire, 1700-1837
Authors: Harding Nick
Published: March 2023

A reappraisal of the links between Hanover and Great Britain, highlighting their previously un-explored importance.
The Heroines of English Pastoral Romance
Authors: Starke Sue P.
Published: March 2023

The figure of the woman as hero in pastoral romance is shown to grow in importance and complexity in this important new study.
Peasants and Production in the Medieval North-East
Authors: Dodds Ben
Published: March 2023

Evidence from unused sources sheds much light on the peasant economy of the later middle ages.
The Innumerable Dance
Authors: Wright Adrian
Published: March 2023

This first extended biography of William Alwyn sets his works in full context and uses hitherto unpublished material to give a vivid account of his marriages, his operas and his relationship with Britten.
Thin-ended clusters in percolation in
Authors: Czajkowski Jan
Published: March 2023

Consider Bernoulli bond percolation on a graph nicely embedded in hyperbolic space
$\mathbb{H}^d$
in such a way that it admits a transitive action by isometries of
$\mathbb{H}^d$
. Let
$p_{\text{a}}$
be the supremum of all percolation parameters such that no point at infinity of
$\mathbb{H}^d$
lies in the boundary of the cluster of a fixed vertex with positive probability. Then for any parameter
$p < p_{\text{a}}$
, almost surely every percolation cluster is thin-ended, i.e. has only one-point boundaries of ends.
Why are Epistemic Reasons Normative?
Authors: Callahan Laura Frances
Published: March 2023

Normativism is the (controversial) view that epistemic reasons for belief are really, genuinely normative. Normativists might wonder – and anti-normativists might press the question – why, or in virtue of what, are epistemic reasons normative? Borrowing Korsgaard's metaphor, what's the “source” of their normativity? Here I argue that this question is both highly interesting and subtly distinct from other common questions in the literature. I also propose an initial taxonomy of stance-dependent and stance-independent answers, and I advocate a novel, hybrid type of view as ultimately most promising for (mostly) vindicating normativism.
The existence of the Kähler–Ricci soliton degeneration
Authors: Blum Harold , Liu Yuchen , Xu Chenyang , Zhuang Ziquan
Published: March 2023

We prove an algebraic version of the Hamilton–Tian conjecture for all log Fano pairs. More precisely, we show that any log Fano pair admits a canonical two-step degeneration to a reduced uniformly Ding stable triple, which admits a Kähler–Ricci soliton when the ground field.
Beyond Incomplete Dichotomies: A Structural Typology of Dual Rights in the EU and the US
Authors: Moussa Mohamed
Published: March 2023

The two widely used dichotomies of floor/ceiling and centralization/decentralization often fail to capture the full interactions of rights in multilevel constitutional systems such as the EU or the US. This article offers a comprehensive yet straightforward classification linking rights to the division of power between the center and component states. The typology comprises three overarching categories: plurality, partial and full centrality. These categories are broken down into further subcategories and illustrated through comparative examples from the EU and the US. The typology reveals mezzanine structural levels which go unnoticed when analysis is confined to existing dichotomies. The purpose of the typology is, first, to facilitate more accurate comparisons of the EU and the US’s composite systems and make commonalities and divergences easier to identify. Second, through the ensuing clarity, it aids the normative inquiry into what level of government—the center or the state—is better suited to regulate different types of rights and to what extent. Thirdly, it reconnects the EU-US comparison with comparative constitutionalism’s Aristotelian pedigree of utilizing robust categorization as a necessary cognitive tool for maintaining rationally ordered analyses.
Random variation drives a critical bias in the comparison of healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Locey Kenneth J. , Webb Thomas A. , Weinstein Robert A. , Hota Bala , Stein Brian D.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To evaluate random effects of volume (patient days or device days) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the standardized infection ratio (SIR) used to compare hospitals.

Design:

A longitudinal comparison between publicly reported quarterly data (2014–2020) and volume-based random sampling using 4 HAI types: central-line–associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, Clostridioides difficile infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Methods:

Using 4,268 hospitals with reported SIRs, we examined relationships of SIRs to volume and compared distributions of SIRs and numbers of reported HAIs to the outcomes of simulated random sampling. We included random expectations into SIR calculations to produce a standardized infection score (SIS).

Results:

Among hospitals with volumes less than the median, 20%–33% had SIRs of 0, compared to 0.3%–5% for hospitals with volumes higher than the median. Distributions of SIRs were 86%–92% similar to those based on random sampling. Random expectations explained 54%–84% of variation in numbers of HAIs. The use of SIRs led hundreds of hospitals with more infections than either expected at random or predicted by risk-adjusted models to rank better than other hospitals. The SIS mitigated this effect and allowed hospitals of disparate volumes to achieve better scores while decreasing the number of hospitals tied for the best score.

Conclusions:

SIRs and numbers of HAIs are strongly influenced by random effects of volume. Mitigating these effects drastically alters rankings for HAI types and may further alter penalty assignments in programs that aim to reduce HAIs and improve quality of care.
2022 Amendments to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work
Authors: Trebilcock Anne
Published: March 2023

On June 10, 2022, by consensus, the International Labour Conference (ILC) adopted a resolution amending the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work to encompass “a safe and healthy working environment.” Under this Declaration, adopted in 1998, all 187 member states of the International Labour Organization (ILO) have an obligation, arising from their membership, “to respect, promote and realize … the principles concerning the fundamental rights” that are the subject of ILO Conventions recognized as fundamental. The other four fundamental categories are freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor, the effective abolition of child labor, and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
Industry Clusters and the Geography of Portfolio Choice
Authors: Addoum Jawad M. , Delikouras Stefanos , Ke Da , Korniotis George M.
Published: March 2023

Using detailed data on U.S. households’ locations, employment, and financial portfolios, we document that individuals employed in locally clustered industries are more likely to invest in risky assets. This pattern is strongest among individuals with high labor income, employed in skilled occupations, and with strong cognitive skills. Our overall evidence suggests the relation between industry clusters and investment decisions is best explained by clusters enhancing human capital among local industry workers, in turn amplifying their effective risk tolerance. Our findings highlight the important role of local labor market composition in generating household portfolio patterns within and across geographies.
Johannes Polyander and the inefficacious internal call: An Arminian compromise?
Authors: Griess Cory
Published: March 2023

In the thirtieth disputation of the Leiden Synopsis (1622), Johannes Polyander elucidates what he considers to be the Reformed doctrine of vocatio. In his explanation of this doctrine, Polyander makes surprising statements concerning the internal call. He teaches that not only the external call, but also the internal call can come to the reprobate. It does not do so all the time, but it does so sometimes, especially in the sphere of the covenant. Yet, when it does, that internal call is ineffectual. This doctrine of an ineffectual internal call is not found in the Canons of Dordt (1618–19), nor in disputations held before the cycle of disputations that became the Leiden Synopsis. Was Polyander's view a compromise with Arminianism? Or was Polyander actually defending Dordt's doctrine? This article builds on Henk van Den Belt's cursory conclusion to this question by providing proof that Polyander was in fact defending Dordt.
Analytical expression of motion profiles with elliptic jerk
Authors: Stretti Daniele , Fanghella Pietro , Berselli Giovanni , Bruzzone Luca
Published: March 2023

The paper discusses the analytical expressions of a motion profile characterized by elliptic jerk. This motion profile is obtained through a kinematic approach, defining the jerk profile and then obtaining acceleration, velocity, and displacement laws by successive integrations. A dimensionless formulation is adopted for the sake of generality. The main characteristics of the profile are analyzed, outlining the relationships between the profile parameters. A kinematic comparison with other motion laws is carried out: trapezoidal velocity, trapezoidal acceleration, cycloidal, sinusoidal jerk, and modified sinusoidal jerk. Then, the features of these motion profiles are evaluated in a dynamic case study, assessing the vibrations induced to a second-order linear system with different levels of damping. The results show that the proposed motion law provides a good compromise between different performance indexes (settling time, maximum absolute values of velocity and acceleration).
Maternal sensitivity and child internalizing and externalizing behavior: a mediating role for glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation?
Authors: Creasey Nicole , Beijers Roseriet , O’Donnell Kieran J. , de Weerth Carolina , Tollenaar Marieke S.
Published: March 2023

The early caregiving environment can have lasting effects on child mental health. Animal models suggest that glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) DNA methylation plays a mediating role in linking more responsive caregiving to improved behavioral outcomes by its impact on the stress regulatory system. In this longitudinal study, we examined whether children’sNR3C1methylation levels mediate an effect of maternal sensitivity in infancy on levels of child internalizing and externalizing behavior in a community sample. Maternal sensitivity of 145 mothers was rated at infant age 5 weeks, 12 months, and 30 months by observing mother–infant interactions. Buccal DNA methylation was assessed in the same children at age 6 years and maternal-reported internalizing and externalizing behavior was assessed at age 6 and 10 years. Higher sensitivity at age 5 weeks significantly predicted lower DNA methylation levels at twoNR3C1CpG loci, although methylation levels at these loci did not mediate an effect of maternal sensitivity on levels of child internalizing and externalizing behavior. Overall, the study provides evidence that maternal sensitivity in early infancy is associated with DNA methylation levels at loci involved in stress regulation, but the significance of this finding for child mental health remains unclear.
Slow Dramaturgies
Authors: Golomb Sariel
Published: March 2023

Whether scientist, politician, or theatre-maker, the challenge one faces in representing climate change is an accompanying epistemic crisis; it is contingent upon and resistant to legibility, and we cannot apprehend it in its totality. Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle poses a potential aesthetic and dramaturgical model for this challenge.
Catastrophe of the Catastrophe
Authors: Jakovljević Branislav
Published: March 2023

Considering correspondences between historical and dramatic imagination, how can we theatre and performance scholars find ways to represent the Capitalocene and offer a vision of a future other than that of decline or incessant growth?
Catastrophe Repeats…or Else?
Authors: Seetoo Chiayi
Published: March 2023

Two very different points of entry reflect on the issue of performance and climate change. The Covid-19 pandemic, though not directly related, looms as the unavoidable condition from which to rethink eco-cosmopolitanism.
Made in Italy
Authors: Ross Janice
Published: March 2023

Climate change and resultant environmental catastrophes are a growing factor in the increased number of migrants crossing the Mediterranean. Some end up in Italian prisons where rehabilitation programs emphasize Italian culture production as a path toward inclusion in Italian society. These programs model how to address climate-induced eco-migration and new templates for tackling climate change through prison reform.
Flexible Performativity
Authors: Van Assche Annelies , Schaffer Kareth
Published: March 2023

Scholarly work rarely examines the labor of the contemporary dance artist as a performer. Flexible performativity describes the discrete skill set dancers today must be able to deploy in performance. Flexible performativity and its characteristics of negotiating proximity, autodramaturgy, hyperindividualism, and hyperreferentialism mold the dancer prototypical of the movement logics of the early 21st century.
Three-dimensional alignment of density maps in cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Harpaz Yael , Shkolnisky Yoel
Published: March 2023

A common task in cryo-electron microscopy data processing is to compare three-dimensional density maps of macromolecules. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for aligning three-dimensional density maps, which exploits common lines between projection images of the maps. The algorithm is fully automatic and handles rotations, reflections (handedness), and translations between the maps. In addition, the algorithm is applicable to any type of molecular symmetry without requiring any information regarding the symmetry of the maps. We evaluate our alignment algorithm on publicly available density maps, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency. The algorithm is available at https://github.com/ShkolniskyLab/emalign.