bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brucella-induced thrombocytopenia: a retrospective study of 16 patients
Authors: Xie Songsong , Zhou Yan , Zheng Rongjiong , Zuo Weize , Lu Xiaobo , Wang Yuanzhi , Zhang Yuexin
Published: June 2019

Objective

We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 16 patients with Brucella-induced thrombocytopenia.

Methods

We assessed 16 patients with Brucella-induced thrombocytopenia between 2012 and 2016 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The diagnosis of Brucella-induced thrombocytopenia was ≤100,000 platelets/mm3.

Results

All patients were men. The most common symptoms of patients were fever (100%), sweating (81.2%), fatigue (75%), and joint pain (25%). The most common signs of physical examinations were an enlarged liver (75%) and enlarged spleen (50%). The lowest thrombocyte count was 2000/mm³ and the highest count was 72,000/mm³. An agglutination test antibody was positive (≥1:160) in 12 (75%) patients with the highest antibody titer of 1:800. Brucella melitensis was isolated from blood cultures in nine (56.3%) patients. All patients were administered antimicrobial agents. The patients’ platelet counts were normal at a follow-up of 12 months.

Conclusion

Classical brucellosis therapy is adequate for patients with a platelet count > 20,000/mm3. The five-drug regimen of doxycycline + rifampin + platelet transfusions +  corticosteroids + intravenous immunoglobulin is recommended for patients when the platelet count is < 10,000/mm3. These findings have important implications for improving treatment outcome in patients with Brucella-induced thrombocytopenia.
Effects of ischaemic conditioning on tissue oxygen saturation and heart rate variability: an observational study
Authors: Cho Youn Joung , Lee Hyung-Chul , Choi Eue-Keun , Park Seoyeong , Yu Je Hyuk , Nam Karam , Kim Tae Kyong , Jeon Yunseok
Published: June 2019

Objective

Ischaemic conditioning (IC) has organ-protective effects, but its clinical results have been inconsistent. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and heart rate variability (HRV) reflect peripheral microcirculation and autonomic nervous system activity, but their changes during IC have not been well documented. We assessed StO2 and HRV during IC in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and healthy volunteers.

Methods

Ten patients undergoing cardiac surgery and 10 healthy male volunteers underwent remote IC (four 5-minute cycles of ischaemia/reperfusion) applied to the upper arm. Changes in StO2 at the thenar eminence and HRV according to the R-R intervals were recorded during IC.

Results

The lowest StO2 during ischaemia significantly decreased in patients and significantly increased in volunteers. Among the HRV parameters, the low-frequency domain, which corresponds to sympathetic activity, significantly increased after IC in volunteers but not in patients. Other variables were similar between the groups.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the minimum tissue oxygen content is depleted during ischaemia in patients and preserved in healthy volunteers. Sympathetic nervous activity seems to increase after IC in healthy volunteers but remains unaffected in patients. Thus, IC may act differently between patients undergoing cardiac surgery and healthy subjects.
Privately Owned Autonomous Vehicle Optimization Model Development and Integration with Activity-Based Modeling and Dynamic Traffic Assignment Framework
Authors: Xu Xiang , Mahmassani Hani S. , Chen Ying
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a first-order approach integrated with activity-based modeling and dynamic traffic assignment framework to model the impact of autonomous vehicles on household travel and activity schedules. By considering shared rides among household members, mode choices, re-planning of departure times, and the rescheduling of activity sequences, two optimization models—basic personal owned autonomous vehicle (POAV) model and enhanced POAV model—are presented. The proposed approach is tested for the different models at the household level with different household sizes. The activity schedules of each household were generated in the Chicago sub-area network. The results show that each POAV can effectively replace multiple conventional vehicles, however, using POAV will lead to more vehicle miles traveled because of detour trips. The proposed enhanced POAV model considers mode choice decision with a household-based approach instead of a trip-based approach to capture the impacts of repositioning trips on mode choice. The results show that, if the generalized travel cost of POAV remains at the same level as conventional vehicles, more passengers will choose to use transit because the repositioning trips increase the total cost.
Acute and Subacute Changes in Hip Strength and Range of Movement After Arthroscopy to Address Chondrolabral Pathology
Authors: Freke Matthew D. , Crossley Kay , Sims Kevin , Russell Trevor , Weinrauch Patrick , Gamboa Gauguin , Semciw Adam
Published: June 2019

Background:

Hip pain is associated with reduced muscle strength, range of movement (ROM), and function. Hip arthroscopy is undertaken to address coexistent intra-articular pathologies with the aim of reducing pain and improving function.

Purpose:

To evaluate changes in strength and ROM in a cohort with chondrolabral pathology before surgery to 3 and 6 months after hip arthroscopy.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Sixty-seven individuals with hip pain who were scheduled for hip arthroscopy were matched with 67 healthy controls. Hip strength and ROM were collected preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Repeated measures analysis of variance evaluated whether strength and ROM differed between limbs and among time points. Bonferroni post hoc tests determined differences in hip strength and ROM among testing times and between the hip pain group and matched controls.

Results:

Hip extension, internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and adduction ( P < .040) strength were greater at 3 months after surgery; all directions, including flexion, abduction, and squeeze, were greater at 6 months ( P < .015). Hip flexion ROM was greater at 3 months after surgery ( P = .013). Flexion, IR, and ER ROM was greater at 6 months ( P < .041). At 6 months, IR ROM ( P = .003) and flexion, IR, and ER strength ( P < .005) remained less than matched controls.

Conclusion:

With the exception of squeeze and flexion, all directions of hip strength and hip flexion ROM are significantly improved 3 months after arthroscopy to address chondrolabral pathology. By 6 months after arthroscopy, strength in all directions and flexion and rotation ROM are significantly improved in both limbs, but hip flexion, IR, and ER strength and IR ROM remain significantly less than that of healthy matched controls in both limbs.
Attitudes Toward Math Are Differentially Related to the Neural Basis of Multiplication Depending on Math Skill
Authors: Demir-Lira Ö. Ece , Suárez-Pellicioni Macarena , Binzak John V. , Booth James R.
Published: June 2019

Attitudes toward math (ATM) predict math achievement. Negative ATM are associated with avoidance of math content, while positive ATM are associated with exerting more effort on math tasks. Recent literature highlights the importance of considering interactions between ATM and math skill in examining relations to achievement. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of the interaction between math skill and ATM on the neurocognitive basis of arithmetic processing. We examined the effect of this interaction using a single-digit multiplication task in 9- to 12-year-old children. Results showed that higher math skill was correlated with less activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and positive ATM were correlated with less activation in the left IFG. The relation between ATM and the neural basis of multiplication varied depending on math skill. Only among children with lower math skill, positive ATM were associated with greater activation of the left IFG. The results suggest that positive ATM in low-skill children might encourage them to more fully engage the neurocognitive systems underlying controlled effort and retrieval of multiplication facts. Our results highlight the importance of examining the role of both attitudinal and cognitive factors on the neural basis of arithmetic development.
Early Adolescent Critical Consciousness Development in the Age of Trump
Authors: Kennedy Heather , Matyasic Savahanna , Schofield Clark Lynn , Engle Corey , Anyon Yolanda , Weber Margo , Jimenez Carlos , Osiemo Mwirigi Mike , Nisle Stephanie
Published: June 2019

Political elections have been shown to influence youth civic development. The election of Donald Trump is historic and has elevated precarity for people of color and immigrants, yet we know little about how young people with these identities experienced this potentially catalytic event. Using ethnographic methods, we examined youth and adult discussions that occurred during youth participatory action research in four sites of one after-school program between October 2016 and May 2017, to investigate how the development of critical consciousness occurs among early adolescent youth of color in the context of catalyzing political events. We identified emergent patterns in how young people (a) engaged in critical reflection, (b) weighed political efficacy, and (c) considered engagement in critical action in the wake of Trump’s election. The data revealed that young people’s critical consciousness development ranged from basic to advanced levels. This research highlights the ways that politically catalytic events shape critical consciousness development among early adolescents of color.
Living in Biological Darkness: Objective Sleepiness and the Pupillary Light Responses Are Affected by Different Metameric Lighting Conditions during Daytime
Authors: de Zeeuw Jan , Papakonstantinou Alexandra , Nowozin Claudia , Stotz Sophia , Zaleska Mandy , Hädel Sven , Bes Frederik , Münch Mirjam , Kunz Dieter
Published: June 2019

Nighttime melatonin suppression is the most commonly used method to indirectly quantify acute nonvisual light effects. Since light is the principal zeitgeber in humans, there is a need to assess its strength during daytime as well. This is especially important since humans evolved under natural daylight but now often spend their time indoors under artificial light, resulting in a different quality and quantity of light. We tested whether the pupillary light response (PLR) could be used as a marker for nonvisual light effects during daytime. We also recorded the wake electroencephalogram to objectively determine changes in daytime sleepiness between different illuminance levels and/or spectral compositions of light. In total, 72 participants visited the laboratory 4 times for 3-h light exposures. All participants underwent a dim-light condition and either 3 metameric daytime light exposures with different spectral compositions of polychromatic white light (100 photopic lux, peak wavelengths at 435 nm or 480 nm, enriched with longer wavelengths of light) or 3 different illuminances (200, 600, and 1200 photopic lux) with 1 metameric lighting condition (peak wavelength at 435 nm or 480 nm; 24 participants each). The results show that the PLR was sensitive to both spectral differences between metameric lighting conditions and different illuminances in a dose-responsive manner, depending on melanopic irradiance. Objective sleepiness was significantly reduced, depending on melanopic irradiance, at low illuminance (100 lux) and showed fewer differences at higher illuminance. Since many people are exposed to such low illuminance for most of their day—living in biological darkness—our results imply that optimizing the light spectrum could be important to improve daytime alertness. Our results suggest the PLR as a noninvasive physiological marker for ambient light exposure effects during daytime. These findings may be applied to assess light-dependent zeitgeber strength and evaluate lighting improvements at workplaces, schools, hospitals, and homes.
Seizure Action Plans for Pediatric Patients With Epilepsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Albert Dara V. F. , Moreland Jennifer J. , Salvator Ann , Moore-Clingenpeel Melissa , Haridas Babitha , Cole Justin W. , Glynn Peter , Fults Marci , Dawson M. Zachary , Moreland Patty , Patel Anup D.
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Seizure action plans help patients and caregivers better self-manage their epilepsy. We hypothesized that providing pediatric patients and their caregivers with a seizure action plan would reduce unplanned health care utilization and decrease the impact of epilepsy.

Methods:

We developed a seizure action plan for use in pediatric epilepsy patients. A prospective cohort was randomly assigned to receive a seizure action plan in addition to standard epilepsy care or to standard epilepsy care alone. All caregivers were surveyed using the Modified Impact on Families (MIF) questionnaire at enrollment, 3 months, and 12 months. Health care utilization measures and Modified Impact on Families questionnaire scores were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

Fifty-four patients received a seizure action plan and standard care, whereas 48 received standard care alone. The groups had similar demographics. There was a significantly higher proportion of overall clinic appointment no shows in the standard care group vs the seizure action plan group ( P = .04); however, other significant differences in health care utilization were not found. Among patients with low seizure frequency (12 or fewer seizures per year), Seizure comfort scores on the Modified Impact on Families questionnaire were significantly higher at 12 months among the seizure action plan group compared to the standard care group.

Significance:

Caregivers for patients with epilepsy receiving a seizure action plan were more comfortable regarding seizure care and missed fewer appointments. However, differences in health care utilization were not present. The seizure action plan appears to have more impact in patients who experience lower seizure frequencies. Further studies evaluating the impact as well as assessing caregivers’ perceptions of the seizure action plan using a larger sample are needed.
Married Women’s Experience of Domestic Violence in Malawi: New Evidence From a Cluster and Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Chikhungu Lana Clara , Amos Mark , Kandala Ngianga , Palikadavath Saseendran
Published: June 2019

Violence against women is a global issue with estimates indicating that 35% of all women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or nonpartner violence in their life time. In Malawi, 42% of ever-married women have experienced some form of violence perpetrated by their current or most recent spouse. A number of studies have investigated intimate partner violence in Malawi within the context of HIV/AIDS, girls’ sexual abuse, and psychological distress, and a few studies report on the role of sociocultural factors in influencing gender-based violence. No study has used cluster analysis to systematically analyze different levels of abuse among married women in Malawi. Using the 2015 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data, we employed cluster analysis and multinomial logistic regression to analyze the distribution of different levels of abuse among married women in Malawi and the key attributes associated with each level of abuse. Correlates of domestic violence significantly differ by levels of abuse and are distributed as follows: controlling behavior (11.8%), general controlling behavior (GCB; 27.1%), moderate physical and emotional abuse (27.2%), and the high and complete abuse (8.5%). Alcohol consumption, ethnicity, and women working status were significantly associated with all four levels of abuse, but age and religion were only associated with controlling behavior and generalized controlling behavior. The strength of association between husband’s alcohol consumption, woman’s working status, and marriage type and domestic violence increased by level of abuse. On each of these factors, the odds of experiencing violence were lowest in the controlling behavior group and highest in the high physical and emotional abuse group. Policies and programs that are designed to tackle violence against married women in Malawi should incorporate strategies that discourage excessive alcohol consumption, promote messages that women can be bread winners, and discourage polygamous marriage.
The Combined Roles of Moral Emotion and Moral Rules in Explaining Acts of Violence Using a Situational Action Theory Perspective
Authors: Trivedi-Bateman Neema
Published: June 2019

The roles of shame and guilt, and their relationships to empathy, have not been modeled adequately as key factors in moral decision-making in the study of violence. The role of moral emotion has been neglected in existing criminological research and this study seeks to develop current explanations of the comprehensive myriad of factors that play a role in moral crime decision-making. This research will test the different roles of empathy, shame, and guilt in violence decision-making using a situational action theory (SAT) perspective. Data taken from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+), a longitudinal study with a large representative sample, provide quantitative questionnaire indices to enable comparison of a persistent and frequent violent offender subsample ( N = 48) with the remaining PADS+ study sample ( N = 607). A striking majority of violent offenders report that they do not think it is wrong to commit violence, and do not care about it, that is, they lack shame and guilt, and report that violence comes as a morally acceptable and natural action alternative. Furthermore, violent offenders do not register the predicament of their victims; there is a distinct lack of empathy. This article demonstrates a key finding which has rarely been explored to date; regression analyses reveal an interaction effect whereby individuals with weak shame and guilt, combined specifically with weak moral rules, are more likely to commit acts of violence. The study findings provide strong support for the SAT of the role of weak morality in violence decision-making. To reduce the possibility of crime being seen as an action alternative, moral development programs should be developed and administered in childhood.
Debating ‘Douhetism’: Competing Airpower Theories in Republican China, 1928–1945
Authors: Chi Man Kwong
Published: June 2019

This article sheds lights on the difficulty faced by the minor powers when they were trying to build an effective air force during the interwar period (1919–1939) and the Second World War, using the experience of Chinese military aviation as an example. It argues that the Chinese were heavily influenced by the ideas of decisive action and strategic bombing, as well as similar ideas that were attributed (sometimes incorrectly) to the Italian General and air proponent Giulio Douhet. Only the harsh lessons of the war gradually persuaded the Chinese to adopt a more realistic approach to using air power.
Commercial Banks Performance and Causality Analysis
Authors: Raina Dalip , Sharma Supran Kumar , Bhat Archana
Published: June 2019

The present study estimates technical efficiency (TE) by developing Translog stochastic frontier approach. The study also verifies causal relationship between efficiency and advances using panel Granger causality test. The study experienced an increasing trend in terms of level of efficiency. The public sector banks emerged relatively more efficient than other ownership groups. The study found that priority sector advances to total advances, marker share and non-performing assets to total assets are positively associated while loanable funds to total liabilities is negatively related with technical inefficiency. The study further confirmed the existence of positive and bilateral relationship between advances and TE score.
Dynamic Adjustment Towards Target Capital Adequacy Ratio: Evidence from Indian Commercial Banks
Authors: Mohanty Seba , Mahakud Jitendra
Published: June 2019

Capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is one of the major indicators of the stability of the commercial banks. Pertinent to its pervasive importance, over the years, the regulators and policymakers focused on the maintenance of the particular level of capital ratio (CR) to minimize the solvency and liquidation risk. In this context, the purpose of this study is to estimate the speed of adjustment to the target CR of commercial banks in India. This study specifies the dynamic panel data model and more specifically generalized method of moments to find out the speed of adjustment by using the data span of 18 years, that is, from 1997 to 2014. We find that the speed of adjustment towards the target CR is around 39 per cent for all banks as a whole, which validates the fact that commercial banks operating in India do have the target CAR and they adjust their CRs to achieve this. The speed of adjustment to target CAR varies across the banks categorized on the basis of the ownership. The adjustment speed is more in case of public sector banks than the private and foreign banks. The results reveal that bank-specific variables like size, non-performing asset, net interest margin, leverage, loan to asset ratio and regulatory pressure determine the target CAR of the commercial banks in India.
Male Perceptions Toward the Cultural Practice of Chinamwali/Khomba Among the Mahenye
Authors: Naidu Maheshvari , hono William Muc
Published: June 2019

This exploratory and descriptive article explores male perceptions toward the cultural practice of chinamwali/khomba among the Shangaan of the Mahenye community of Chipinge district in Zimbabwe. Chinamwali/khomba is the cultural practice of female initiation among the Mahenye people. The article draws on narratives of men from interviews and focus group discussions and describes khomba/chinamwali as a central aspect of (female) body politics in the Mahenye community, where the female practice of chinamwali marks the entrance into so-called ‘womanhood’ [sic]. The men’s sexually gendered narratives reveal how the women’s bodily sexual enactments become ‘cultural texts’ prescribed and inscribed by (male) societal perceptions and social (sexual) interactions.

Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were carried out with 40 men from the community. Social role theory was the lens which was used to analyse these dynamics. Emergent findings reveal that the men of the community compel an overtly patriarchal agenda by encouraging and compelling women to be initiated.
Luguburu: Ritual, Pilgrimage and Quest for Identity Among the Santals
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sumahan
Published: June 2019

The present paper studies an event of annual pilgrimage and congregation of the Santal at Luguburu hill in Jharkhand along with associated performative practices of dance, song, speech events and rituals. Lakhs of Santals, the largest tribal community in eastern India, assemble at this place to offer worship to Lugubaba during the full moon day in the Santal month of Sohrae corresponding to October-November in English calendar. Pilgrimage is a new phenomenon in Santal culture. The earlier monographs on the Santal did not give any reference to this phenomenon. Martin Orans’ celebrated study on the Santals in search of a great tradition of their own has no mention of this event. The present study has discussed and analyzed the emergence of the phenomenon of pilgrimage. The study has argued that the search for tradition is actually linked to new cultural inventions in changed contexts as well as socio-political milieu. The new ‘cultural enactments’ draw elements from own as well as neighbouring cultures as the present case has exhibited. The rituals and associated activities built upon a ‘prior discourse’ leads to performative practice that is directed towards a celebration of identity of a community.
Borderline personality disorder and eating disorders: a trans-diagnostic approach to unravelling diagnostic complexity
Authors: Newton J Richard
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

This opinion paper considers co-morbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders and proposes that a trans-diagnostic approach looking at presenting problems and treatment approaches may be of value.

Conclusions:

Trans-diagnostic elements can be identified across the two syndromes. Trans-diagnostic elements appear to include some shared aetiological factors as well as some shared syndromal components. The shared syndromal components include problems with affect, interpersonal problems, problems with self-concept and impulsivity. The pathoplastic effects of culture, attitudes to fatness and the neurobiology of starvation and/or restriction of intake are crucial to integrate into the understanding of co-morbidity of these two disorders. Trans-diagnostic approaches to treatment lead to trans-diagnostic improvements across the two disorders.
The Persuasive Effect of Journalistic Storytelling: Experiments on the Portrayal of Exemplars in the News
Authors: Oschatz Corinna , Emde-Lachmund Katharina , Klimmt Christoph
Published: June 2019

This study aims to deepen our understanding of the persuasive effects of exemplars in the news by addressing the role of character depiction. Exemplification theory and narrative persuasion research are integrated to shed light on the psychological mechanisms mediating the persuasive effect. Two replicative field experiments ( N = 389) were conducted manipulating the depiction of the character within a print news article in three factor levels (no exemplification, external view, and internal view). Regardless of the depiction of the character, presence of an exemplar increased narrative involvement that mediated indirect effects on message-consistent attitudes and behavioral intentions.
Contextual Influences on the Sentencing of Individuals Convicted of Sexual Crimes
Authors: Thompson Lisa , Rydberg Jason , Cassidy Michael , Socia Kelly M.
Published: June 2019

This study examines effects of court and community contextual factors on sentencing outcomes for individuals convicted of sexual crimes using indicators from two perspectives—focal concerns and populist punitiveness. Sourced from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing, the sample includes 9,431 persons convicted of sexual crimes and a precision-matched sample of persons convicted of non-sexual violent crimes for comparison. Based on multilevel hurdle regression models for both incarceration and sentence length decisions, results indicate that individuals convicted of sexual crimes face enhanced sentence severity in judicial districts with smaller courts, increased jail capacity, stronger political competition, and higher religious homogeneity. The results also suggest statistically significant differences between effects for persons convicted of sexual crimes and a matched sample of persons convicted of violent crimes. Overall, results suggest that specific contextual factors have a distinguishable impact on sentencing of individuals convicted of sexual crimes.
Progressive sixth nerve palsy secondary to intracavernous arachnoid cyst and complicated by contralateral optic nerve sheath meningioma
Authors: Malloy Kelly A , Draper Erin M , Maglione Ashley K , Seidler Kelly M
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Optic nerve sheath meningiomas and intracavernous arachnoid cysts are both fairly rare conditions, and to the best of our knowledge, have not been previously reported to co-occur in the same patient. Both can cause diplopia, but only ONSMs have been documented to demonstrate progressive worsening of ocular motility.

Case Report:

A 67-year-old woman with blur and diplopia demonstrated a right optic neuropathy and limited ductions bilaterally. Neuroimaging revealed a right optic nerve sheath meningioma and left intracavernous arachnoid cyst. She was conservatively managed with neurosurgical surveillance for 1.5 years, until her diplopia worsened. Ocular motility re-evaluation demonstrated a worsening left abduction deficit, suggesting interval change of the intracavernous cyst, rather than the meningioma.

Conclusion:

There are only a few reported cases of cranial nerve VI palsy secondary to a cavernous sinus arachnoid cyst. However, this is the first reported case in a patient with a concurrent optic nerve sheath meningioma, and the first case demonstrating progressive worsening of a sixth cranial nerve palsy from an intracavernous arachnoid cyst. Determining which comorbidity caused worsening of symptoms played a critical role in the management of this patient.
What about the non-legal facts: Revising Allen and Pardo’s analytical distinction between law and fact
Authors: Sevelin Ellika
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with the distinction between law and fact. In the article ‘The myth of the law-fact distinction’ (Allen and Pardo, 2003a), Ronald Allen and Michael Pardo argue that there is no ontological, epistemological or analytical distinction between law and fact. Instead, they claim that the distinction ought to be understood pragmatically, by considering whether the judge or jury is in the best position to decide the question. The problem with this is that it does not add to the understanding. In a soon-forgotten passus they suggest that the distinction is between legal and non-legal facts, rather than between law and fact. In this paper I revise the article by Ron and Pardo and make an argument in favour of the distinction between legal and non-legal facts. The notion of ‘legal’ and ‘non-legal’ underlines the fact that the dichotomy is relevant specifically from a legal point of view. In the legal context different consequences apply to law and fact, the same is not true in a non-legal context.
Politicization and security policy: Parties, voters and the European Common Security and Defense Policy
Authors: Angelucci Davide , Isernia Pierangelo
Published: June 2019

The Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union has recently come to the forefront as a potential force of integration. This study explores the consequences (if any) of such a move, investigating how likely it is for Common Security and Defense Policy to be politicized and become a new area of dissent. The article explores conditions of politicization at three different levels of analysis: (a) the systemic level, where Common Security and Defense Policy position in a bi-dimensional political space (left–right and anti-pro EU) is discussed; (b) the party level, where potentially successful issue entrepreneurs of Common Security and Defense Policy are identified; (c) the individual voter level, where the probabilities of being mobilized by issue entrepreneurs of Common Security and Defense Policy are assessed. Our analysis suggests that although Common Security and Defense Policy is prone to be politicized and right-wing parties are the most likely group to do so, this move may backfire as right-wing voters are less likely to be mobilized on Common Security and Defense Policy compared to their left-wing counterpart. We discuss the implications of these results for the conceptualization of politicization and European integration.
Flexible parametric multistate modelling of employment history
Authors: Hout Ardo van den , Tan Wenhui
Published: June 2019

A multistate model is used to describe employment history. Transition-specific rates are defined using generalized gamma distributions and Gompertz distributions. This flexible parametric modelling of the rate of change is combined with latent classes for unobserved propensity to change jobs. The propensity is described by two latent classes which can be interpreted as consisting of movers and stayers. The modelling is illustrated by analysing longitudinal data from the German Life History Study.
Reparametrization of COM–Poisson regression models with applications in the analysis of experimental data
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo E , Zeviani Walmes M , Bonat Wagner H , Demetrio Clarice GB , Hinde John
Published: June 2019

The COM–Poisson distribution is a two-parameter generalization of the Poisson distribution that can deal with under-, equi- and overdispersed count data. Unfortunately, its location parameter does not correspond to the expectation, which complicates the parameter interpretation. In this article, we propose a straightforward reparametrization of the COM–Poisson distribution based on an approximation to the expectation. Estimation and inference are done using the likelihood paradigm. Simulation studies show that the maximum likelihood estimators are unbiased and consistent for both regression and dispersion parameters. In addition, the nature of the deviance surfaces suggests that these parameters are also orthogonal for most of the parameter space, which is advantageous for interpretation, inference and computational efficiency. Study of the distribution’s properties, through a consideration of dispersion, zero-inflation and heavy tail indexes, together with the results of data analyses show the flexibility over standard approaches. The computational routines and datasets are available in the supplementary material.
An In-Class Demonstration of Bayesian Inference
Authors: van Doorn Johnny , Matzke Dora , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: June 2019

Sir Ronald Fisher’s venerable experiment “The Lady Tasting Tea” is revisited from a Bayesian perspective. We demonstrate how a similar tasting experiment, conducted in a classroom setting, can familiarize students with several key concepts of Bayesian inference, such as the prior distribution, the posterior distribution, the Bayes factor, and sequential analysis.
Place and space in Sámi education
Authors: Keskitalo Pigga
Published: June 2019

This article considers the Sámi understanding of time and place in pedagogical settings. The study is based on research material gathered at Sámi schools and from teaching conducted in the Sámi language. These data were combined to develop a theoretical review of teacher education from a metatheoretical perspective. The research challenges schools’ pedagogical arrangements. Local contents of the study are an important part of the school syllabus, and this article suggests that they are closely tied to school educational arrangements. This study also suggests that, in Northern schools, the Sámi worldview and traditional knowledge should be closely connected to school practices. This means that the Sámi understanding of time and place should receive sufficient emphasis in school curricula. Schools could benefit from the open learning concept, such as modern curricula grounded in teaching that is phenomenon based. This could increase pupils’ motivation and sense of connection to the local area. With mediating structures – connected to multicultural educational contexts – such educational systems could be developed.
Adoption, Sustainability, and Dissemination of Chronic Disease Prevention Policies in Community-Based Organizations
Authors: Leser Kendall A. , Liu Sherry T. , Smathers Carol A. , Graffagnino Cheryl L. , Pirie Phyllis L.
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Despite increasing interest in structural (policy, systems, and environmental) changes to improve health, little attention has focused on the adoption, implementation, sustainability, and potential for dissemination of these changes among local community-based organizations. Method. A mixed methods approach was used for this process evaluation. Representatives of nine community-based organizations were surveyed using closed-ended questions and in-depth qualitative interviews to describe 32 policy changes. Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to inform the development of survey questions and the interview guide. Results. Policies adopted by local community-based organizations concerned types of food/beverages provided to staff/clients, methods to encourage physical activity, breastfeeding support, and tobacco control. The majority of the policies were either fully (66%) or partially (31%) implemented 1 year after their initial adoption. In general, participants somewhat/strongly agreed that policies had characteristics that predict sustainability/diffusion (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability). In-depth interview responses described a generally smooth process for policy adoption and high levels of optimism for continued sustainability but revealed few efforts to disseminate the policies beyond the original organization. Conclusions. Structural changes in community-based organizations are a valuable tool for encouraging healthy changes in communities and have great potential to be adopted, sustained, and diffused.
Finite state automaton based control system for walking machines
Authors: Hussain Razeen , Zielinska Teresa , Hexel Rene
Published: June 2019

Walking machines have proved to be an important invention as they do not require any prepared surface, making them ideal for applications involving unexplored environments. They are equipped with a large number of actuators and sensors to achieve a robust locomotion; thus, a systematic approach to designing their control system is required. This article presents a functional control structure based on the logic-labelled finite state automaton approach developed for walking machines. A general control structure is presented and a hexapod robot is used to verify the practicability of the design.
Qualitative Quotes: The Prevalence and Effects of Survey Respondent Exemplars in Political News Coverage
Authors: Gaskins Ben , Barabas Jason , Jerit Jennifer
Published: June 2019

National newspapers regularly report on public opinion as part of their political coverage. In addition to covering aggregate survey trends, journalists occasionally conduct follow-up interviews with respondents from those surveys to present the views of real people in news stories. The practice of reporting these “qualitative quotes” has existed for decades, yet, there has been little scrutiny of the voices that appear in news stories or their effect on public opinion. We examine this phenomenon in the context of the United States with a historical examination of New York Times stories and other major U.S. outlets that contain polling information and follow-up interviews. Consistent with past work on exemplars, there is considerable evidence for the nonrandom nature of the people invited to comment for news stories. In particular, the use of qualitative quotes reinforces some of the biases that exist in news sourcing more generally. Finally, we demonstrate in an experiment that qualitative quotes influence policy attitudes as least as much as aggregate polling figures.
Epidemiology of Injuries in Ice Hockey
Authors: Anderson Gregory R. , Melugin Heath P. , Stuart Michael J.
Published: June 2019

Context:

Hockey is a skillful contact sport with an elevated injury risk at higher levels of play. An understanding of injury incidence, type, mechanism, and severity at various levels of competition aids the clinician treating these athletes. The purpose of this clinical review is to discuss the epidemiology of hockey injuries at various levels of participation, including youth, high school, junior, college, and professional.

Evidence Acquisition:

A literature search was performed by a review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and included articles published from 1988 to 2017. Studies were included in this review if determined to be of high quality and containing injury data relevant to the levels of competition. Pertinent data regarding ice hockey injury epidemiology and prevention at various levels of competition were analyzed.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

Youth, high school, junior, college, and professional hockey players have unique injury patterns. Injuries occur much more often in a game compared with a practice, and injury risk increases with each level of competition. Preventative measures, such as mandatory facial protection and delayed body checking in games until age 13 years, are proven strategies to reduce the risk of facial injury and concussion.

Conclusion:

An understanding of common injury types and mechanisms according to age and level of play aids the clinician in diagnosis and management. This information can also guide preventative strategies in the areas of education, coaching, rule enforcement, rule modifications, equipment improvement, and sportsmanship.
A Preliminary Study to Understand Leadership Style of Senior Teachers Through Their Perceptions and Contexts in Formal Schools in Mumbai
Authors: Saini Seema , Goswami Indrajit
Published: June 2019

Transformational leadership behaviors of school principals and vice principals may have a significant contributions to their professional commitments, including moral obligations to students and society at large. However, it is assumed that any discretion in instructional leadership activity may require substantial support from the existing administrative system and schools’ context. Inadequacy of indigenous literature in the related domain makes it difficult, either to define or to understand the phenomenon and related factors. The present preliminary study was planned and conducted to explore how far senior teachers in formal schools had been able to transform learning experiences of students and to effectively engage them in the learning process, including activities. Through an interview guide, authors engaged the selected respondents in conversation and understood through their perceptions and narratives that they are mostly engaged in transactional operations. As it has been perceived by them, the existing pattern of formal education is not adequately conducive for transformational leadership activities in schools.
Delight and Frustration: Using Personal Messages to Understand Motivation
Authors: Benson Joy , Dresdow Sally
Published: June 2019

Engaging undergraduate students in internalizing motivation theories is challenging. They live the concepts but have trouble applying their experiences to understanding the dynamics of motivation theories or deriving practical value from applying the theories to case analysis. We have adapted a human-centered design tool for an exercise that facilities personalizing an experience and then applying motivation concepts. We titled it delight/frustration letter and have used the activity in 17 sections of organizational behavior and leadership courses. The affective nature of the letters helps students understand the dynamics of motivation theories and the impact of motivation on attitudes, actions, and engagement.
Peripartum Hyperkalemia Caused by Magnesium Infusion in a Woman With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Liang Luke , Alder Madeleine , Gorrindo Phil , Toledo Paloma
Published: June 2019

Pregnancy in the setting of renal failure has higher rates of adverse events necessitating increased monitoring and treatment. Pregnant women with end-stage renal disease have higher rates of hypertension, and 50% of pregnancies are complicated by preeclampsia. We describe the case of a 32-year-old parturient with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis with superimposed preeclampsia who developed clinically significant hyperkalemia with electrocardiographic changes after magnesium infusion. The magnesium infusion was stopped, and the patient underwent emergent hemodialysis with subsequent improvement. Hyperkalemia caused by magnesium infusion is a rare and not very well-understood phenomenon.
The endoderm: a divergent cell lineage with many commonalities
Authors: Nowotschin Sonja , Hadjantonakis Anna-Katerina , Campbell Kyra
Published: June 2019

The endoderm is a progenitor tissue that, in humans, gives rise to the majority of internal organs. Over the past few decades, genetic studies have identified many of the upstream signals specifying endoderm identity in different model systems, revealing them to be divergent from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, more recent studies of the cell behaviours driving endodermal morphogenesis have revealed a surprising number of shared features, including cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), collective cell migration, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions (METs). In this Review, we highlight how cross-organismal studies of endoderm morphogenesis provide a useful perspective that can move our understanding of this fascinating tissue forward.
Factors influencing malignant mesothelioma survival: a retrospective review of the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank cohort
Authors: Amin Waqas , Linkov Faina , Landsittel Douglas P. , Silverstein Jonathan C. , Bshara Wiam , Gaudioso Carmelo , Feldman Michael D. , Pass Harvey I. , Melamed Jonathan , Friedberg Joseph S. , Becich Michael J.
Published: June 2019

Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare but deadly malignancy with about 3,000 new cases being diagnosed each year in the US.  Very few studies have been performed to analyze factors associated with mesothelioma survival, especially for peritoneal presentation. The overarching aim of this study is to examine survival of the cohort of patients with malignant mesothelioma enrolled in the National Mesothelioma Virtual Bank (NMVB).  

Methods:  888 cases of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma cases were selected from the NMVB database, which houses data and associated biospecimens for over 1400 cases that were diagnosed from 1990 to 2017. Kaplan Meier’s method was performed for survival analysis. The association between prognostic factors and survival was estimated using Cox Hazard Regression method and using R software for analysis.

Results: The median overall survival (OS) rate of all MM patients, including pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma cases is 15 months (14 months for pleural and 31 months for peritoneal).  Significant prognostic factors associated with improved survival of malignant mesothelioma cases in this NMVB cohort were younger than 45, female gender, epithelioid histological subtype, stage I, peritoneal occurrence, and having combination treatment of surgical therapy with chemotherapy. Combined surgical and chemotherapy treatment was associated with improved survival of 23 months in comparison to single line therapies.

Conclusions: There has not been improvement in the overall survival for patients with malignant mesothelioma over many years with current available treatment options. Our findings show that combined surgical and chemotherapy treatment in peritoneal mesothelioma is associated with improved survival compared to local therapy alone.
Case Report: Myiasis as a rare complication of invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Zia Muhammad Khurram , Asad Syeda Ifra , Wase Hafiz Abdul , Salam Osama , Hassan Syed Zawahir , Musab Muhammad , Ali Naqvi Syed Mumtaz , Izhar Hafiz Muhammad Furqan
Published: June 2019

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common subtype of breast tumor. There were many cases reported about the treatment and adjuvant therapies. The simultaneously occurrence of breast carcinoma with cutaneous myiasis is, to our knowledge, a unique presentation. A 50-year-old female known case of breast cancer presented to the surgical department at Ziauddin Hospital Karachi with complaints of pain, redness, blackening, and a foul smelling, discharging wound on her left breast. The wound was debrided thoroughly with povidone-iodine and about 52 maggots were removed, which were identified asChrysomya bezziana. The patient was hospitalized and received amoxicillin and ivermectin according to protocol. This case report is pertinent to public health professionals and oncologists in the view of the social impact of myiasis.