bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children's Use of Speech and Repetition in Oral Storytelling: The Role of Cultural Patterning in Children's Retellings of First Nations Oral Narrative
Authors: Allen James W. , Lalonde Christopher E.
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a case study of a classroom of culturally diverse grade one students who participated in a First Nations cultural education program focused around traditional oral storytelling. The data reveal particular forms of narrative skills that these children were exploring in this context. Through a “verse analysis” of stories told to the children by a First Nations cultural educator and an analysis of the retellings of these stories by the children, we found that both the educator and the students employed a patterned use of speech and repetition to achieve particular rhetorical effects. We argue that examining children's participation in these particular forms of narrative practice provides evidence relevant to theories of cognitive development as a process of cultural participation, and it extends theoretical conceptions of children's narrative development to incorporate additional dimensions related to understandings of narrative form, evaluation, and the role of affect and the social context.
Civic Purpose: An Integrated Construct for Understanding Civic Development in Adolescence
Authors: Malin Heather , Ballard Parissa J. , Damon William
Published: June 2015

This article introduces civic purpose as a construct for learning about civic development in adolescence. Civic purpose, defined as a sustained intention to contribute to the world beyond the self through civic or political action, integrates the components of motivation, civic activity, and future-oriented civic intention. We present results from a mixed methods longitudinal study that used the civic purpose framework in which 1,578 high school seniors took a survey, 50 participated in an interview, and 9 additional adolescent “civic exemplars” participated in both the survey and the interview. Two years later, 480 participants took the survey again, and 34 participated in a second interview. A small percentage of the study subjects exhibited full civic purpose across three different types of civic activity (political, community service, expressive), while a larger percentage demonstrated precursory forms of civic purpose, with evidence of some but not all components of civic purpose. Key contributors to the development of civic purpose were: identity salience, beliefs and values, and invitation from one or more adults.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЗОРОВО СИСТЕМИ У КОРИСТУВАЧІВ КОМП’ЮТЕРІВ
Authors: Behosh N. B. , Chornomydz I. B. , Zyatkovska O. Ya.
Published: June 2015

The article adduces the various aspects of the impact of a computer monitor on the functioning of the human visual system. A significant flow of information which daily receives visual apparatus person with computer screens accompanied not only asthenopia but also objective changes of the visual system. There was analysed the visual features and the factors that determined the occurrence of changes in the refractive computer users.
РОЗШИРЕНА ДІАГНОСТИЧНА ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЯ НА БАЗІ СЕРВЕРА І ПОСТ- ОБРОБКИ WORKFLOW ПРИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОМУ ЦЕНТРІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я ОТВОЦКА, ПОЛЬЩА
Authors: Kownacki Jukasz , Gola Magdalena , Sawicka Magdalena , Kharchenko Olga , Kieszkowska-Grudny Anna
Published: June 2015

We present state of the art diagnostic imaging modalities and the latest trends in post-processing of clinical images implemented atthe European Centre of Health Otwock, Poland. Clinical images are presented as well as chosen application examples of the IntelliSpace Portal thin client/server solution. Radiologists can access any post-processing applications virtually anywhere instead of waiting for a particular workstation to become available. The Centre specializes in oncology, urology and cardioangiology and welcomes medical staff for advanced training courses as well as patients seeking high-end diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The patients are kept at the center of what we do, as behind every image - there is a patient.
Endo-Epicardial Versus Only-Endocardial Ablation as a First Line Strategy for the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Izquierdo Maite , Sánchez-Gómez Juan Miguel , Ferrero de Loma-Osorio Angel , Martínez Angel , Bellver Alejandro , Peláez Antonio , Núñez Julio , Núñez Carlos , Chorro Javier , Ruiz-Granell Ricardo
Published: June 2015

Background—

Epicardial ablation has shown improvement in clinical outcomes of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) after ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. However, usually epicardial access is only performed when endocardial ablation has failed. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of endocardial+epicardial ablation versus only endocardial ablation in the first procedure in patients with IHD.

Methods and Results—

Fifty-three patients with IHD, referred for a first VT ablation to our institution, from 2012 to 2014, were included. They were divided in 2 groups according to enrollment time: from May 2013, we started to systematically perform endo-epicardial access (Epi-Group) as first-line approach in consecutive patients with IHD (n=15). Patients who underwent only an endocardial VT ablation in their first procedure (Endo-Group) included patients with previous cardiac surgery and the historical (before May 2013; n=35). All late-potentials in the scar zone were eliminated, and if VT was tolerated, critical isthmuses were also approached. The end point was the noninducibility of any VT. During a median follow-up of 15±10 months, the combined end point (hospital or emergency admission because of a ventricular tachycardia or reablation) occurred in 14 patients of the Endo-group and in one patient in the Epi-group (event-free survival curves by Grey-test,
P
=0.03). Ventricular arrhythmia recurrences occurred in 16 and in 3 patients in the Endo and Epi-Group, respectively (Grey-test,
P
=0.2).

Conclusions—

A combined endocardial–epicardial ablation approach for initial VT ablation was associated with fewer readmissions for VT and repeat ablations. Further studies are warranted.
Screening for Peripheral Arterial Disease and Carotid Artery Disease in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Gray Cleona , Goodman Patrick , Cullen Paul , Badger Stephen A. , O'Malley Kevin , O'Donohoe Martin K. , McDonnell Ciaran O.
Published: June 2015

Screening for concomitant atherosclerotic disease is important in cardiovascular risk reduction. This study assessed the prevalence of carotid artery disease (CAD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with known abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). All patients with AAA attending the vascular laboratory between the January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2009, were eligible for a carotid ultrasound and measurement of ankle brachial indices. A total of 389 (305 males) patients were identified on the AAA surveillance program with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 76 (±8) years. The mean age of the males was 75.4 (±7.8) years, and the mean age of the females was 77 (±11) years. A total of 332 patients were assessed for CAD, and 101 (30.4%) of those were found to have significant disease. A total of 289 patients were assessed for PAD of which 131 (45.3%) were found to have PAD at rest, and 289 patients were assessed for both and 59 (20.4%) patients had significant CAD + PAD. Patients with AAAs are at high risk of other atherosclerotic disorders, and, therefore, they should receive intensive medical optimization.
Rapid and sensitive analysis of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q10 in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application to studies in healthy human subjects
Authors: Claessens Adam J , Yeung Catherine K , Risler Linda J , Phillips Brian R , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Shen Danny D
Published: June 2015

Background

Coenzyme Q10 is an endogenous antioxidant as well as a popular dietary supplement. In blood circulation, coenzyme Q10 exists predominantly as its reduced ubiquinol-10 form, which readily oxidizes to ubiquinone-10 ex vivo. Plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q10 reflect net overall metabolic demand, and the ratio of ubiquinol-10:ubiquinone-10 has been established as an important biomarker for oxidative stress. However, the lability of ubiquinol-10 makes accurate determination of both forms of coenzyme Q10 difficult. Ex vivo oxidation of ubiquinol-10 to ubiquinone-10 during sample collection, processing and analysis may obfuscate the in vivo ratio.

Methods

We developed a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 in human plasma, using coenzyme Q9 analogues as internal standards. Single-step protein precipitation in 1-propanol, a lipophilic and water-soluble alcohol, allowed for rapid extraction.

Results

Analysis by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry provided rapid run-time and high sensitivity, with lower limits of quantitation for ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 of 5 μg/L and 10 μg/L, respectively.

Conclusions

This method is suitable for clinical studies with coenzyme Q10 supplementation in various disease states where this lipid-antioxidant may be beneficial. We have applied this method to >300 plasma samples from coenzyme Q10 research studies in chronic haemodialysis patients and postsurgical patients.
Marijuana Exposure Among Children Younger Than Six Years in the United States
Authors: Onders Bridget , Casavant Marcel J. , Spiller Henry A. , Chounthirath Thiphalak , Smith Gary A.
Published: June 2015

This study investigates marijuana exposures among children <6 years old in the United States using data from the National Poison Data System. From 2000 through 2013, there were 1969 marijuana exposures among children <6 years old and an exposure rate of 5.90 per million children. The mean age of an exposed child was 1.81 years (median = 1.58 years). The majority of the children were exposed through ingestion (75.0%), and 18.5% of exposures required admission to a health care facility. The rate of marijuana exposure was significantly (2.82 times) higher in states where its use was legalized prior to 2000 compared with states where its use is not legal. Because more states are likely to pass legislation legalizing medical and recreational use of marijuana, increased efforts to establish child-focused safety requirements regarding packaging of commercially sold marijuana products are needed to help prevent more children from being exposed to this schedule I substance.
Structural Constraints and Lived Realities
Authors: Jones Caralee , Erving Christy L.
Published: June 2015

This study examines the racial and ethnic identity preferences of U.S.-born and foreign-born African Caribbeans, and the extent to which social contextual factors shape and alter these identities. Using qualitative and quantitative data, we address the following questions: Are African Caribbeans more likely to exhibit an ethnic identity, a racial identity, or both? What contextual factors (i.e., socioeconomic status, social distancing, discrimination, and region) affect the way African Caribbeans identify? The results indicate that foreign-born African Caribbeans are more likely to adopt an ethnic identity while U.S.-born African Caribbeans are more likely to identify racially. In addition, discrimination was a crucial factor in the identity preferences of African Caribbeans across both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of the qualitative study showed that African Caribbeans were able to negotiate between their racial and ethnic identities which were inherently shaped by residing in the Midwest.
The Impact of the Crown-Root Ratio on Survival of Abutment Teeth for Dentures
Authors: Tada S. , Allen P.F. , Ikebe K. , Zheng H. , Shintani A. , Maeda Y.
Published: June 2015

Crown-root ratio (CRR) is commonly recorded when planning prosthodontic procedures. However, there is a lack of longitudinal clinical data evaluating the association between CRR and tooth survival. The aim of this longitudinal practice-based study was to assess the impact of CRR on the survival of abutment teeth for removable partial dentures (RPDs). Data were collected from 147 patients provided with RPDs at a dental hospital in Japan. In total, 236 clasp-retained RPDs and 856 abutment teeth were analyzed. Survival of abutment teeth was assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox’s proportional hazard (PH) regression. The Cox PH regression was used to assess the prognostic significance of initial CRR value with adjustments for clinically relevant factors, including age, sex, frequency of periodontal maintenance programs, occlusal support area, type of abutment tooth, status of endodontic treatment, and probing pocket depth. Abutment teeth were divided into 1 of 5 risk groups according to CRR: A ( ≤0.75), B (0.76–1.00), C (1.01–1.25), D (1.26–1.50) and E ( ≥1.51). The 7-year survival rate was 89.1% for group A, 85.9% for group B, 86.5% for group C, 76.9% for group D, and 46.7% for group E. The survival curves of groups A, B, and C were illustrated to be quite similar and favorable. The multivariable analysis treating CRR as a continuous variable allowed estimation of the hazard ratio at any specific CRR value. When CRR = 0.80 was set as a reference, the estimated hazard ratio was 0.58 for CRR = 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36–0.91), 1.13 for CRR = 1.00 (95% CI, 0.93–1.37), 1.35 for CRR = 1.25 (95% CI, 1.02–1.80), 1.53 for CRR = 1.50 (95% CI, 1.15–2.08), or 1.95 for CRR = 2.00 (95% CI, 1.44–2.65). These practice-based longitudinal data provide information to improve the evidence-based prognosis of teeth in providing prosthodontic procedures.
When states go bad
Authors: Bellamy Alex J
Published: June 2015

To date, little attention has been paid to the question of how episodes of mass killing are terminated. This has allowed several misconceptions, such as the notion that external armed intervention is a principal form of ending, to arise and profit. This study presents preliminary findings from a survey of cases of state perpetrated mass killing since 1945. It examines the forms of ending, finding that around half end only when the perpetrators themselves decide to end the killing, usually because they have accomplished their goals. It also explores the relationships between modes of termination and lethality and the resilience of different types of ending and offers insights into the implications for policy of some of these findings. It argues that foreign armed intervention is extremely rare and does not deserve, therefore, to be the common ‘go to’ option of advocates and analysts. Instead, presuming that armed intervention is off the table, it is more important to think in terms of what can be done to shape the perpetrators’ incentive structures or encourage internal dissent within the perpetrating elite. Finally, it shows that there is no easy overlap between what is morally palatable and what saves lives. Arming rebels may be morally pleasing, but may lead to protracted civil wars with atrocities – the worst of all outcomes. Likewise, negotiating to secure the state perpetrators’ core interests may feel immoral but might stop the killing and save lives.
A novel mouse model of diabetes mellitus using unilateral nephrectomy
Authors: Park Kyung-Mee , Hussein Kamal Hany , Nam Hyun-Sook , Kim Hyun-Min , Kang Byung-Moon , Lee Dong-Gyu , Han Hyung-Ju , Woo Heung-Myong
Published: June 2015

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its complications are prominent public health issues. Many experimental models of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and high-fat diet (HF)-induced DM have been used to study this disease. Studies have indicated that unilateral nephrectomy (UN) accelerates the development of diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesized that UN stimulates HF and STZ combination-induced DM in mice. Seventy-two female C57BL/6J mice were divided into four treatment groups: HF; HF + STZ120 (HF and STZ, 120 mg/kg); UN + HF + STZ120 (UN, HF and STZ, 120 mg/kg); and HF + STZ200 (HF and STZ, 200 mg/kg). Onset of DM, survival rate, blood pressure, urine glucose level, and pancreatic histology were investigated. Additionally, renal function was evaluated in the UN + HF + STZ120 group after STZ injection. DM was induced in the UN + HF + STZ120 and HF + STZ200 groups within one week. The UN + HF + STZ120 group had lower mortality than the HF + STZ200 group and greater pancreatic destruction than the HF and HF + STZ120 groups. Two weeks after STZ injection, blood pressure was not significantly different among the groups. Nephrotoxicity associated with the combination of UN and STZ was not observed. In conclusion, the combination of these three techniques – UN, HF and STZ induced DM rapidly and effectively.
Modeling the non-elastic stretch deformation of cloth based on creep analysis
Authors: Jung Il-Hoe , Lee Sang-Bin , Kim Jong-Jun , Ryu Han-Na , Ko Hyeong-Seok
Published: June 2015

This work proposes a method to model the non-elastic components in the fabric stretch deformation in the context of physically based fabric simulator. This paper finds that the above problem can be made tractable if we decompose the stretch deformation into the immediate elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic components. A non-trivial job is the decomposition of the deformation itself. For the purpose of the simulator development, the decomposition must be possible at any stage of deformation and any occurrence of loading and unloading. Based on the observations of various constant force creep measurements, this paper makes an assumption that, within a particular fabric, the viscoelastic and plastic components are proportional to each other and their ratio is invariant over time. Experimental results produced with the proposed method match with general expectations, and show that the method can represent the non-elastic stretch deformation for arbitrary time-varying force.
Analyzing the transmitted and stored energy through multilayer protective fabric systems with various heat exposure time
Authors: He Jiazhen , Li Jun
Published: June 2015

The energy transmitted directly during thermal exposure as well as the stored energy that is continuously discharged from the heated fabrics after exposure can contribute to burn injuries. This study examined the effect of heat exposure time on the transmitted and the stored energy through multilayer protective fabric systems. The influences of the exposure duration on the amount of transmitted energy, the amount of stored energy, and also the action period of the stored energy release were discussed. A newly developed index was introduced to evaluate the thermal protection levels. The analyses demonstrated that the amount of transmitted energy increased continuously with an increase of exposure time; however, the amount of stored energy released to the sensor was limited in the process of exposure time increase. The maximum amount of stored energy was about 14.0 J/cm2 for the selected fabrics. As the exposure time was further increased the stored energy decreased to the range from 8.5 J/cm2 to 13.7 J/cm2. The grade of the thermal protection against a second-degree burn injury decreased with the increase of the exposure duration. By using the introduced index, the thermal performance estimate values could be determined, thus avoiding use of the iterative techniques suggested by ASTM F2703.
Grooved Pegboard for adult employed South Africans: socio-demographic influences
Authors: van Wijk Charles H , Meintjes WAJ
Published: June 2015

The Grooved Pegboard is a widely used test of psychomotor speed, and a number of socio-demographic and psychological influences on performance have been reported. To accurately interpret Grooved Pegboard results, the effects of these influences need to be considered. This study investigated the effects of socio-demographic, psychological, and anthropometric variables on performance in a sample of 3272 healthy adult South Africans. Age and gender were the largest contributors to variance in scores and should be used for reporting normative data. While separate norms may not be required for other variables, clinicians need to be sensitive to the effects of education levels and home language when administering and interpreting results. Work context, province of origin, non-clinical mood states, and body mass are probably less important when interpreting pegboard results.
An architecture and platform for developing distributed recommendation algorithms on large-scale social networks
Authors: Corbellini Alejandro , Mateos Cristian , Godoy Daniela , Zunino Alejandro , Schiaffino Silvia
Published: June 2015

The creation of new and better recommendation algorithms for social networks is currently receiving much attention owing to the increasing need for new tools to assist users. The volume of available social data as well as experimental datasets force recommendation algorithms to scale to many computers. Given that social networks can be modelled as graphs, a distributed graph-oriented support able to exploit computer clusters arises as a necessity. In this work, we propose an architecture, called Lightweight-Massive Graph Processing Architecture, which simplifies the design of graph-based recommendation algorithms on clusters of computers, and a Java implementation for this architecture composed of two parts: Graphly, an API offering operations to access graphs; and jLiME, a framework that supports the distribution of algorithm code and graph data. The motivation behind the creation of this architecture is to allow users to define recommendation algorithms through the API and then customize their execution using job distribution strategies, without modifying the original algorithm. Thus, algorithms can be programmed and evaluated without the burden of thinking about distribution and parallel concerns, while still supporting environment-level tuning of the distributed execution. To validate the proposal, the current implementation of the architecture was tested using a followee recommendation algorithm for Twitter as case study. These experiments illustrate the graph API, quantitatively evaluate different job distribution strategies w.r.t. recommendation time and resource usage, and demonstrate the importance of providing non-invasive tuning for recommendation algorithms.
Relationship-focused parenting intervention to support developmental outcomes for a young child with cerebral palsy: A practice application
Authors: Barfoot Jacqui , Meredith Pamela , Ziviani Jenny , Whittingham Koa
Published: June 2015

Statement of context

The effectiveness of early intervention for children with developmental disabilities is thought to be related to parental sensitivity and responsiveness. A brief relationship-focused occupational therapy intervention for Shelly, a young girl with cerebral palsy, and her mother, Jane, is described.

Critical reflection on practice

The distress of both mother and child at presentation compromised the ability of therapists to provide developmentally orientated interventions. Focusing on parent–child interactions enabled Shelly to make both emotional and physical gains, and facilitated ongoing interventions.

Implications for practice

Observations in this practice application demonstrate the need for further research into parenting interventions and developmental outcomes for children with cerebral palsy.
Documenting Art, Writing Biography
Authors: Goodman Dena , Talbot Emily
Published: June 2015

This article concerns six generations of the Silvestre family: a succession of artists, royal drawing masters, and art collectors whose social ascent began in the late seventeenth century in parallel with the Bourbon Monarchy and continued after its fall. In this article, we show how the Silvestres legitimized a path of social mobility from seventeenth-century artisans to nineteenth-century aristocrats by narrating and documenting the family’s history in three texts—two catalogues raisonnés that recorded the Silvestre art collections and a family biography that traced the dynasty through the French Revolution. By establishing and advancing the family’s reputation or crédit, the Silvestres built a narrative bridge that carried them across the revolutionary divide.
Clinical Outcomes of Modified Mason-Allen Single-Row Repair for Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Shin Sang-Jin , Kook Seung-Hwan , Rao Nandan , Seo Myeong-Jae
Published: June 2015

Background:

Various repair techniques have been reported for the operative treatment of bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Recently, arthroscopic single-row repair using a modified Mason-Allen technique has been introduced.

Hypothesis:

The arthroscopic, modified Mason-Allen single-row technique with preservation of the articular-sided tendon provides satisfactory clinical outcomes and similar results to the double-row suture-bridge technique after conversion of a partial-thickness tear to a full-thickness tear.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted on 84 consecutive patients with symptomatic, bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears involving more than 50% thickness of the tendon. A total of 47 patients were treated by the modified Mason-Allen single-row repair technique, preserving the articular-sided tendon, and 37 patients were treated by the double-row suture-bridge repair technique after conversion to a full-thickness tear. The clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Constant scores and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to analyze the integrity of tendons at 6-month follow-up. Patients were followed up for a mean of 32.5 months.

Results:

In the 47 patients treated with the modified Mason-Allen suture technique, the VAS score decreased from a preoperative mean of 5.3 ± 0.3 to 0.9 ± 0.5 at the time of final follow-up. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean ASES score (from 45.4 ± 2.9 to 88.6 ± 4.5) and mean Constant score (from 66.9 ± 2.6 to 88.1 ± 2.4) ( P < .001). Four of 47 patients (8.5%) demonstrated retears at 6-month postoperative MRI. There was no statistical difference in terms of functional outcomes and the retear rate compared with those of patients with the suture-bridge repair technique (3 patients, 8.1%). However, the mean number of suture anchors used in the patients with modified Mason-Allen suture repair (1.2 ± 0.4) was significantly fewer than that in the patients with suture-bridge repair (3.2 ± 0.4) ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

The modified Mason-Allen single-row repair technique that preserved the articular-sided tendon provided satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic, bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Despite a fewer number of suture anchors, the shoulder functional outcomes and retear rate in patients after modified Mason-Allen repair were comparable with those of patients who underwent double-row suture-bridge repair. Therefore, the modified Mason-Allen single-row repair technique using a triple-loaded suture anchor can be considered as an effective treatment in patients with bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.
Knockdown of CUL4A inhibits invasion and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Song Jia , Zhang Jing , Shao Jiang
Published: June 2015

Cullin4A (CUL4A) is implicated in many cellular events including cell survival and growth. However, the specific function and underlying mechanisms of CUL4A in cancer invasion have not yet been elucidated. In this work, we were focused on investigating the role of CUL4A in human osteosarcoma (OS). The expression level of CUL4A was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) assay in human OS tissues. Lentivirus-mediated CUL4A shRNA (Lv-shCUL4A) constructed by us was transfected into OS cells for assessing its effects on cell proliferation and invasive potential, respectively detected by MTT and Transwell assays. It was demonstrated that the expression of CUL4A protein was markedly increased in OS tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) (57.8% vs. 25.6%, P = 0.019), and was associated with the distant metastases in OS patients ( P = 0.016). In vitro, silencing of CUL4A gene inhibited OS cell proliferation and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis, followed by increased expression of p27 and p53 and decreased expression of MMP-2. Therefore, these findings indicate that elevated expression of CUL4A is positively correlated with distant metastases in OS patients, and knockdown of CUL4A suppresses invasion and induces apoptosis in OS cells, suggesting that CUL4A may serve as a potential target for the treatment of OS.
Façades of Equitable Development
Authors: Sarmiento Carolina S. , Sims J. Revel
Published: June 2015

This article problematizes the development of affordable housing as a form of equity planning. Through both qualitative and quantitative data, the article examines three affordable housing projects within a redevelopment plan in Santa Ana, California. The research finds that a narrow focus on affordable housing, as it is designed and produced within the larger affordable housing complex, facilitates the process of gentrification and displacement. The findings show that equity is more than housing production alone. When affordability is defined at a larger scale, and the planning process is stripped of substantive community participation, affordable housing loses its more equitable underpinnings.
Police Discretion and Boredom
Authors: Phillips Scott W.
Published: June 2015

Police work is boring, involves a substantial amount of “down time,” and can have negative consequences for police officer performance, contributing to occupational stress and turnover. Research argued that workers reduced their boredom by engaging in “none-work” activities. Police officer autonomy, however, provides them the opportunity to reduce their boredom by working in a way that makes their behavior meaningful and interesting. Most policing scholarship has examined officer behavior related to their arrest decisions, use of force, or other interactions with the public. This study used an observational research design in a single police agency to quantitatively examine how an officer’s discretionary decision making can reduce the boredom associated with their down time. Findings indicate that police officers often engage in down-time activity that is expected of them, such as patrolling troubled neighborhoods and backing up other officers. It is suggested that their behavior symbolized real police work in a boring environment.
Life-World-Analytical Ethnography
Authors: Honer Anne , Hitzler Ronald
Published: June 2015

Life-world-analytical ethnography aims to investigate the subjective perspective—the life-worlds—of other people. Life-world-analytical ethnography is based on the premise that any world which is not apprehended as a life-world—that is, as the totality of a world that is subjectively experienced—is a fiction. For we do not, in fact, have any knowledge of a world that is not subjectively experienced—of the world per se, as it were. The investigation of one’s own life-world is a difficult program in itself, a program that mundane phenomenology, in particular, endeavors to pursue. However, the investigation of the life-worlds of other actors calls for numerous additional precautions and measures. This article discusses the origins and foundations as well as particular challenges of life-world-analytical ethnography.
Shear-driven droplet coalescence and rivulet formation
Authors: Moghtadernejad S , Jadidi M , Esmail N , Dolatabadi A
Published: June 2015

Icing on aerodynamic surfaces occurs due to the accumulation of rain droplets when the surrounding temperature is below the freezing temperature. It is well known that icing phenomenon alters the aircraft aerodynamic forces and may cause serious damage. Therefore, studying water droplet behavior, such as shedding and coalescence serves as the primary step which can lead to understanding the fundamental physics of aircraft icing. Hence, in this study an experimental approach is used to investigate the shear-driven droplet shedding and coalescence on a hydrophilic substrate which can serve as the building block for the formation of rivulets.
A Conceptual Model for Parent Involvement in Secondary Special Education
Authors: Hirano Kara A. , Rowe Dawn A.
Published: June 2015

Parent educational involvement has been demonstrated to be a predictor of in-school and post-school success for all students, including students with disabilities. However, traditional models of parent involvement tend to focus on academic-oriented indicators of success whereas transition models tend to focus on post-school outcomes with limited parent roles. The purpose of this article is to propose a model of parent involvement that addresses the limitations of current approaches by (a) integrating transition and traditional academic-focused models of parent involvement, (b) incorporating predictors of post-school success, and (c) accounting for the continued role parents play in the lives of their adult children.
Quasi-static characterisation of trained pseudoelastic shape memory alloy wire subjected to cyclic loading: transformation kinetics
Authors: Enemark Søren , Santos Ilmar F
Published: June 2015

A kinetic law for constitutive modelling of shape memory alloys is proposed in order to increase model predictability in comparison with experimental data. The proposed law is based on cubic Bézier curves and contains curvature controlling parameters. The kinetic law and also the Duhem–Madelung sub-loop model are implemented in a state-of-the-art constitutive model based on the framework by Lagoudas and coworkers. The original and modified models are fitted to consistent experimental results from mechanical cyclic loading under isothermal conditions (0–800 MPa, 30–70°C) of a trained pseudoelastic shape memory alloy wire. Quantitative measures of goodness of fit show that both models perform well, but use of the modified model results in 31% reduction of the residual standard deviation compared with the original model (21.4 versus 14.8 MPa) in model calibration and 23% in model validation. The proposed kinetic law therefore ensures higher predictability.
An analytical approach to three-dimensional coupled thermoelectroelastic analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric plates
Authors: Kulikov Gennady M , Plotnikova Svetlana V
Published: June 2015

This article deals with the sampling surfaces method developed recently by the authors and its implementation for the three-dimensional coupled steady-state thermoelectroelastic analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric laminated plates subjected to thermal loading. The sampling surfaces formulation is based on choosing inside the nth layer [Formula: see text] not equally spaced sampling surfaces parallel to the middle surface of the plate in order to introduce temperatures, electric potentials, and displacements of these surfaces as basic plate variables. Such choice of unknowns with the consequent use of Lagrange polynomials of degree [Formula: see text] in the thickness direction for each layer permits the presentation of the proposed functionally graded piezoelectric plate formulation in a very compact form. The sampling surfaces are located inside each layer at Chebyshev polynomial nodes that allow one to minimize uniformly the error due to the Lagrange interpolation. As a result, the sampling surfaces method can be applied efficiently to analytical solutions for functionally graded piezoelectric laminated plates, which asymptotically approach the three-dimensional exact solutions of thermoelectroelasticity as [Formula: see text].
Postcolonialism, Organization, and Management Theory
Authors: Seremani Tapiwa Winston , Clegg Stewart
Published: June 2015

This article contributes a critical discussion of postcolonial theory. It opposes the binary nature of much contemporary discussion of the topic in theory and in organization and management theory in particular. We identify the challenges facing postcolonial theory, which we identify in epistemological terms. The dualism of “colonial” and “postcolonial” theory masks considerable diversity that the binary logic occludes. In place of this dualism, we introduce the notion of epistemological third spaces. As a theory of this third space, we introduce the indigenous theory of southern Africa, Ubuntu, discussing its interaction with more conventional Western management and organization theory. We also highlight a case in which the notion of epistemological third spaces would have been valuable had it been applied to the spread of the Nile River virus. We conclude the article with a discussion of the potential links between epistemological third spaces.
Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Percutaneous Achilles Repair System Versus Open Technique for Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Hsu Andrew R. , Jones Carroll P. , Cohen Bruce E. , Davis W. Hodges , Ellington J. Kent , Anderson Robert B.
Published: June 2015

Background:

Limited incision techniques for acute Achilles tendon ruptures have been developed in recent years to improve recovery and reduce postoperative complications compared with traditional open repair. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze the clinical outcomes and postoperative complications between acute Achilles tendon ruptures treated using a percutaneous Achilles repair system (PARS [Arthrex, Inc, Naples, FL]) versus open repair and evaluate the overall outcomes for operatively treated Achilles ruptures.

Methods:

Between 2005 and 2014, 270 consecutive cases of operatively treated acute Achilles tendon ruptures were reviewed (101 PARS, 169 open). Patients with Achilles tendinopathy, insertional ruptures, chronic tears, or less than 3-month follow-up were excluded. Operative treatment consisted of a percutaneous technique (PARS) using a 2-cm transverse incision with FiberWire (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, FL) sutures or open repair using a 5- to 8-cm posteromedial incision with FiberWire in a Krackow fashion reinforced with absorbable sutures. Patient demographics were recorded along with medical comorbidities, activity at injury, time from injury to surgery, length of follow-up, return to baseline activities by 5 months, and postoperative complications.

Results:

The most common activity during injury for both groups was basketball (PARS: 39%, open: 47%). A greater number of patients treated with PARS were able to return to baseline physical activities by 5 months compared with the open group (PARS: 98%, open: 82%; P = .0001). There were no significant differences ( P > .05) between groups in rates of rerupture ( P = 1.0), sural neuritis ( P = .16), wound dehiscence ( P = .74), superficial ( P = .29) and/or deep infection ( P = .29), or reoperation ( P = .13). There were no deep vein thromboses (DVTs) or reruptures in either group. In the PARS group, there were no cases of sural neuritis, 3 cases (3%) of superficial wound dehiscence, and 2 reoperations (2%) for superficial foreign-body reaction to FiberWire. In the open group, there were 5 cases (3%) of sural neuritis, 7 cases (4%) of superficial wound dehiscence, 3 cases (2%) of superficial infection, and 3 reoperations (2%) for deep infection.

Conclusion:

The present study reports the largest single-center series of acute Achilles tendon ruptures in the literature with lower complication rates for operatively treated Achilles ruptures compared with previous reports. The overall complication rate for all operatively treated Achilles ruptures was 8.5% with no reruptures, and most patients (88%) were able to return to baseline activities by 5 months after surgery. There were no significant differences in rates of postoperative complications between PARS and open repair for acute Achilles tendon ruptures.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Cardiovascular Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenomics for the Clinical Practitioner
Authors: Sleder Anna T. , Kalus James , Lanfear David E.
Published: June 2015

Current clinical cardiovascular practice requires a clinician to have a strong foundation in multiple aspects of pharmacology. Modern cardiovascular regimens are complex, and optimal management, application of evolving guidelines, and adoption of new therapies build off a more basic understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In addition, it is likely time to add a third pillar into this discussion, the expanding field of pharmacogenomics referring to the genetic influences on drug response. This field has increasing applications in medicine and clearly holds significant promise for cardiovascular disease management. Awareness of pharmacogenomic advances and the fundamentals of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can help the clinician more easily deliver great care. Here we attempt to briefly summarize and simplify key concepts of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenomics relevant to the cardiovascular disease practitioner.
On a hybrid use of structural vibration signatures for damage identification: a virtual vibration deflection (VVD) method
Authors: Xu Hao , Su Zhongqing , Cheng Li , Guyader Jean-Louis
Published: June 2015

A damage identification method named virtual vibration deflection (VVD) was developed, the principle of which was formulated based on the “weak” modality of the pseudo-excitation (PE) approach previously established. In essence, VVD is based on locating structural damage within a series of “sub-regions” divided from the entire structure under inspection, and each sub-region was considered as a “virtual” structure undergoing independent vibration. The corresponding vibration deflection of the “virtual” structure was then used to derive the damage index of VVD. Besides various advantages inheriting from the PE approach, for example, capability of detecting damage without baseline signals and pre-developed benchmark structures, VVD exhibits improved detection accuracy and particularly enhanced noise immunity compared with the PE approach, attributed to a hybrid use of multi-types of vibration signatures (MTVS). As a proof-of-concept investigation, a beam model was used in a numerical study to examine the philosophy of VVD. And the influences from different factors (i.e., level of measurement noise and measurement density) on the detection accuracy of VVD were discussed based on the numerical model. An experiment was carried out subsequently to identify the locations of multiple defects contained in an aluminum beam-like structure. Identification results constructed by the PE approach, VVD using single-type of vibration signatures, and VVD using MTVS, were presented, respectively, for the purpose of comparison.
Domestic Violence Courts
Authors: Cissner Amanda B. , Labriola Melissa , Rempel Michael
Published: June 2015

Findings are from an investigation of 24 criminal domestic violence courts (DVCs) across New York, testing their effect on recidivism, case processing, and case resolutions. Overall, we found a small positive impact on recidivism among convicted offenders. We further found that the sex of defendants moderated the court impact on case resolutions; that is, among male defendants only, DVCs increased conviction rates and sentences involving jail or prison. In addition, multi-level, multivariate analyses found that court policies specifically designed to increase victim safety, hold offenders accountable, and reduce offender recidivism (through deterrence or rehabilitation) were instrumental in reducing recidivism.
Numerical analysis of the vacuum infusion process for sandwich composites with perforated core and different fiber orientations
Authors: Hurtado Francisco J , Kaiser Antonio S , Viedma Antonio , Díaz Sebastián
Published: June 2015

The vacuum infusion is a process usually applied to manufacture large structures of composite materials, such as wind turbine blades. The specific stiffness and weight ratio required by these structures can be achieved by manufacturing sandwich composites. The forecast by numerical simulation of the resin infusion flow is an indispensable tool to design and optimize the manufacturing process of composite. Present work analyzes by numerical simulation the mold filling process of a sandwich composites, performed by fiberglass plies with different fiber orientations and a perforated core. The flow through a single perforation of the core is analyzed and the influence of the permeability values of fiberglass on the volume flow through core perforations is determined. In order to reduce the computing costs, a transfer function to simulate the flow through the perforations is developed and integrated in the numerical code by computational subroutines. A 3D numerical modeling of a sandwich composite, in which the flow through the core perforations is simulated via computational subroutines, is carried out and experimentally validated.
Teaching as improvisational experience: Student music teachers’ reflections on learning during an intercultural project
Authors: Westerlund Heidi , Partti Heidi , Karlsen Sidsel
Published: June 2015

This qualitative instrumental case study explores Finnish student music teachers’ experiences of teaching and learning as participants in an intercultural project in Cambodia. The Multicultural Music University project aimed at increasing master’s level music education students’ intercultural competencies by providing experiences of teaching and being taught abroad in traditional music and dance programs run by two Cambodian NGOs. The article suggests that beside the importance of learning new music and dance traditions, the student music teachers regarded the learning experiences gained through peer-teaching in an unfamiliar context as significant, as these experiences provoked them to step out from their pedagogical comfort zones and to engage in a deep reflection on the nature of teaching and the purpose of music education. Rather than perceiving their teaching as individual achievements the student teachers’ reflections proceeded towards an increasing emphasis put on the quality of joint interaction and the benefits gained from having to spontaneously create the structure of lessons in fast-changing situations. Based on the analysis of individual and focus group interviews and other research data, we discuss the concept of teaching as improvisation and its implications for teacher education.
Territorial cleavage or institutional break-up? Party integration and ideological cohesiveness among Spanish elites
Authors: León Sandra
Published: June 2015

The literature that explores the relationship between decentralisation and the structure of the party system has barely explored an important dimension of party integration, namely the degree of ideological cohesiveness among parliamentary elites. This paper purports to fill the literature gap by analysing heterogeneity in attitudes towards devolution among representatives from Spanish state-wide parties (the People’s Party (PP) and the Socialist Party (PSOE)). Drawing from a sample of 460 parliamentary elites, results show that within-party variation in preferences towards regional self-rule are accounted by the territorial cleavage (historical regions vs ordinary ones) as well as by an institutional cleavage, defined by the type of assembly – regional or national – in which representatives are elected. However, parties’ political and organisational trajectories moderate the impact of those cleavages: territory prevails in accounting for internal variation within the PSOE, whereas the institutional cleavage is more important to explain internal cohesiveness among PP’s party elites.