bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Thrombolysis in an Endovascular Treatment–Dominant Era: What Does the Future Hold?
Authors: Singh Nishita , Kim Beom Joom , Ganesh Aravind , Menon Bijoy
Published: November 2023

The definitive target of acute ischemic stroke is rapid and effective reperfusion. This is vastly conditional on rapid recognition of symptoms and efficient transport mechanisms that bring the patient to optimal health care facility. This review summarizes evidence from cardiology in this field and highlights the need of such measures to be incorporated in systems of care for stroke, and further information is needed to develop efficient systems of care at a regional and hospital level.
Colloquium 4 Commentary on Sanday
Authors: Ionescu Cristina
Published: November 2023

Sanday reads the Statesman as intertwining images with dialectical thinking. On the one hand, we advance from opinions to knowledge by gradually turning away from images and embracing rational arguments instead; on the other, dialectical knowledge must rely on images in order to be effective for the political community. My present comments come not to challenge, but rather to complement, and perhaps refine, Sanday’s account. I begin by highlighting the distinction that the Stranger draws between types of images, namely as perceptible likenesses and as likenesses in account respectively, and then reflect on how this distinction helps in leading the interlocutor’s search for the nature of statesmanship as well as in implementing insights in the practical life of the city. All of this supports the view that Plato has never had a problem with imitation or images as such, but only with our ignorance vis-à-vis our engagement with imitation and usage of images, and with our ignorance as to what are the objects that we imitate, in other words, figuring out whether they are images of Forms or of sensible things.
Colloquium 5 Commentary on Katz
Authors: McCready-Flora Ian C.
Published: November 2023

In this response to Emily Katz’s “Aristotle’s Rejection of Mathematized Metaphysics,” I raise questions about her central interpretive claim that mathematical forms cannot, for Aristotle, appear among first principles of nature. Topics addressed include the notion of priority, especially in the sciences; the relationship between natural change and material realization; and the general nature and scope of mathematical explanations for physical phenomena.
The 3Rs Alone Will Not Reduce Total Animal Experimentation Numbers: A Fundamental Misunderstanding in Need of Correction
Authors: Müller Nico D.
Published: November 2023

Government authorities often view the 3Rs of “replace, reduce, refine” popularized by Russell and Burch as both a regulatory principle and a governance principle aimed at reducing the total amount of animal distress in science. They thus expect that the 3Rs should, in time, result in changes in total animal experimentation numbers. Communications by Swiss authorities provide stark examples of this expectation. But the 3Rs do not aim at affecting animal experimentation at the level of total numbers; rather, they focus on study design in the individual case. While the underlying philosophy of the 3Rs indeed included a principle of seeking feasible overall reforms, this notion is completely absent in the 3Rs framework itself. Authorities need to stop treating the 3Rs as a means to reduce total distress and should instead invest resources into developing feasible and effective strategies for transformative governance in animal research.
What Should We Do to Prevent Zoonoses with Pandemic Potential?
Authors: Deckers Jan
Published: November 2023

The majority of new infectious diseases that affect human beings are zoonoses. Zoonotic pressure is increasing for various reasons. These include: 1) the growth of the human population; 2) the growing concentration of human beings; 3) the growing mobility of the human population; 4) the rapid growth in the human usage of nonhuman animals; 5) the increasing intensification of the farm animal sector; 6) increasing ecological degradation, and 7) the lack of political will to address the previous six factors. These factors and the interplay between them create perfect storm conditions for the emergence of zoonoses with pandemic potential. What compounds the problem is a lack of moral theory on how to prevent zoonoses and associated pandemics. This article aims to address this gap by drawing on interdisciplinary work on zoonotic and pandemic prevention.
Preserving Scientific Merit and Legacy in Biological Eponyms
Authors: KATUMO DANIEL MUTAVI , WEI MENG , JIAO BOHAN , DENG YUNFEI , WANG WEI , GAO TIANGANG
Published: November 2023

N/A
Two new species of Aphlugiolopsis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China
Authors: PAN YANGYANG , BIAN XUN
Published: November 2023

This paper describes two new species of Aphlugiolopsis from Guangxi and Yunnan, China, based on the specimens deposited in Guangxi Normal University. Illustrations of the two new species are provided.
3. Jane Eyre’s Prismatic Bodies in Arabic
Authors: Qasmiyeh Yousif M.
Published: November 2023

This essay explores the body in translation in Arabic versions of Jane Eyre. In doing so, it focuses on three interpretations of the body: first, viewing Jane Eyre itself as a corpus which engenders more corpuses through translation across languages and genres; secondly, tracing the multiple Arabic renderings of the body’s name, ‘Jane Eyre’, in the context of naming and titling; and finally, through a focus on one material aspect of the body in the novel: touching.
10. The Movements of Passion in the Danish Jane Eyre
Authors: Klitgård Ida
Published: November 2023

This philological study examines the three most recent Danish translations of one of the prismatic keywords in Jane Eyre, i.e. ‘passion’. The word is here conceptualised as both a movement of feeling and a movement of meanings. The comparative analysis of the word ‘passion’ and its derivatives in the source text and target texts reveals that even though the word contains many complex meanings in English, the Danish translations seem to release a limited variety, which portrays Jane as a more passive protagonist than in the source text. This may ultimately have bearings on how the reader perceives Jane Eyre.
13. Formality of Address and its Representation of Relationships in Three German Translations of Jane Eyre
Authors: Frank Mary
Published: November 2023

German uses both a formal second-person personal pronoun and an informal one. The requirement for the translator from English into German to choose either Sie or du where English has only the undifferentiated you will inevitably influence the target-text reader’s perception of the degree of formality of a particular relationship. This essay traces the decisions made by three translators of Jane Eyre into German about Sie and du through the lens of Jane’s interactions with Mrs. Reed, Edward Rochester and St. John Rivers. These decisions encourage target-text readers to engage in a way that the neutral you of the source text does not.
Inhibition of chaetocin on retinoblastoma progression by modulating the miR-124/SBK1 axis
Authors: Sun Qiaoling , Zhao Xiaozhao , Jin Bei , Shu Baotong , Ma Yu
Published: November 2023

We conducted cellular and animal experiments to investigate the correlation between miR-124/SBK1 and retinoblastoma (RB) progression, as well as to elucidate the anti-cancer efficacy of chaetocin in RB. Initially, miR-124 levels showed a significant decrease in RB tissues and cells,
which further declined with increasing tumor diameter and clinical stage. In cellular experiments, inhibiting miR-124 expression significantly enhanced the viability and invasiveness of Y79 cells, while up-regulating miR-124 suppressed the malignant biology of Y79 cells by targeting SBK1 levels,
thereby reducing their viability and invasiveness. Subsequent animal experiments provided further evidence that SBK1 was the functional target of miR-124, and its up-regulation significantly facilitated RB progression. Additionally, chaetocin demonstrated anti-tumor effects through the upregulation
of miR-124 and downregulation of SBK1. Therefore, chaetocin can effectively inhibit RB progression by targeting the upregulation of miR-124 and downregulation of SBK1.
Adsorption of NOx by graphene oxide loaded with CeO2 as a catalyst for atmospheric pollution control
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Dongnan , Xia Qiang , Qin Ziqi , Yu Lu
Published: November 2023

In this study, we utilized graphene oxide (GO) loaded with cerium oxide (CeO2) to synthesize GO-CeO2 catalysts using a hydrothermal method and high-temperature calcination. The performance of the catalyst was evaluated by characterization of the catalyst material
and testing for nitrogen oxide (NOx) conversion rates and nitrogen gas adsorption isotherm in mixed flue gas. The results demonstrated that increasing the ratio of NO2 in the NO+NO2 mixture significantly enhanced the conversion rate of NOx. Notably, when the proportion
of NO2 reached 0.4, the denitrified gas displayed a remarkable increase in NOx conversion rate, exceeding 98%. This finding highlighted that even low concentrations of NO2 can accelerate denitrification reactions. Moreover, increasing the oxygen concentration in the gas
exhibited considerable potential to elevate the NOx conversion rate. The oxygen concentration played a vital role in the process of denitrification, and the GO-CeO2 catalyst exhibited a high oxygen storage capacity. Moreover, the GO-CeO2 catalyst maintained a high denitrification
efficiency even under high-temperature conditions and demonstrated excellent NOx conversion performance. The catalyst also demonstrated good stability and strong water resistance under varying proportions and temperatures while maintaining a consistent denitrification efficiency. These findings
indicated the significant adsorption effect of the graphene oxide loaded with CeO2 catalyst on NOx, suggesting promising potential for application and widespread use.
Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using sodium lignosulfonate and evaluation of its cutaneous wound healing properties
Authors: Xiao Bo , Kiani Samaneh , Toushmalani Reza , Zangeneh Akram , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Goorani Samaneh , Morovvati Hassan
Published: November 2023

Repairing cutaneous wounds imposes a lot of cost on the country every year. Also, cutaneous wounds healing is delayed for various reasons such as the accumulation of free radicals, hospital infections, lack of sufficient moisture, traditional dressings, etc. Therefore, treatment methods
need to be reviewed. In recent years, a wide range of copper ointments or silver-releasing compounds have been prepared and used. These ointments have overcome some of the problems associated with copper preparation. In the current work, an environment-friendly a green procedure was described
for fabrication of CuO NPs by using sodium lignosulfonate as a capping/stabilizing reagent under alkaline medium. The characterization of prepared CuO NPs@NaLS were analysed using SEM, EdaX, ICP-OES, elemental mapping and TEM data. The FE-SEM and TEM results show that the CuO NPs@NaLS formed
as spherical NPs with size of 20–30 nm. According to the elementaling map analysis, the Cu and C were existence with good dispersion that detected by EDX in the composite. In this study, ointments with a concentration of 0.1% were prepared from nanoparticles based on basal ointment (as
the main substance that keeps the medicine on the wound) and used as a topical application. In this way, on the second day, angiogenesis (angiogenesis) and the severity of edema and edema, on the fifth day, fibroblasts, and on the tenth, fibrocytes and collagen fibers were examined. According
to the present study results, the skin wound area in the rats treated with topical use of NPs was significantly reduced, and in terms of histopathology, it showed more improvement compared to other groups. Overall, the results of this study show that recent nanoparticles can be used as a fast
and effective treatment for skin wounds healing.
Effect of casein phosphopeptide incorporation with mesoporous 58S bioactive glass on remineralization in vitro for teeth enamel regeneration
Authors: Tang Lu , Li Yu , Wang Suqi , Yang Jin , Dong Zhihong
Published: November 2023

Caries is the most widespread oral disease threatening human health, especially early childhood caries, traditional treatment is a big challenge in clinical. In order to prevent early enamel demineralization, casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) incorporation with mesoporous 58S bioactive
glass (M58S) was used to evaluate the remineralization enamel ability in vitro. By sol–gel method M58S was synthesized and showed good pore size and pore volume. In simulated oral fluid (SOF), 3%wt CPPs/M58S showed a better mineralized ability, remineralized layer was smooth and
dense, thickness of 20 nm for 24 h, and structure of crystals was similar to the apatite, Human oral adhesion keratinocytes cells (HOKs) can regulate expression and promoted cell proliferation and differentiation, which showed a good biocompatibility. It is expected that CPPs/M58S may be an
effective agent in the treatment of early children caries and dental allergies.
Fabrication of self-assembly iguratimod prodrug into polymeric nanoparticles delivery for the care of breast cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Bing
Published: November 2023

Based on occurrence, death and prevalence in 2019, GLOBOCAN reports 36 forms of cancer in 185 countries. At the moment, chemotherapy is the furthermost commonly utilized cancer management by resistant systems, gene and hormone therapeutics. Herein, we define a precise straightforward
and cost-effective method that therapeutically incorporates drug reconstruction, macromolecular nano-assembled and specific tumor targeting to overcome the various experiments modelled via the distribution of the potential anticancer Iguratimod (IGU) drug. The IGU drugs were empowered to instinctually
assembly into admirable, stable nanoparticles on the conjugations covalent interactions of hydrophobic linoleic acid bonded with an amide group of ∼100 nm. Various microscopic methods have proven synthesized IGU-NP morphology. Following effective fabrication, the IGU and IGU-NP anti-cancer
properties of MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) and 4T1 (breast carcinoma) cell lines were assessed. Additional studies include AO-EB (acridine bromide orange ethidium), nuclear staining. In contrast with IGU, the IGU-NPs showed excellent cytocompatibility, this investigation explained that IGU-NPs
are a healthy and encouraging solution in breast cancer chemotherapy and are worthy of further clinical assessment.
Influence of SiO2 nanoparticles and Fe3O4 solution on the consolidation of geological soft soil
Authors: Yu Cong , Zhang GuanJun , Liu Yangzi
Published: November 2023

Soft soil is widely distributed in coastal areas and needs to be treated first when used as a foundation. A method of incorporating nano SiO2 particles and nano Fe3O4 solution is proposed to address the consolidation problem of geological soft soil.
During the process, nanomaterials are selected and a preparation method for incorporating nanomaterial soil is designed. Subsequently, the experimental device is designed and the main instrument usage methods are specified, resulting in a complete experimental process design. The experimental
results showed that in the generation of electron microscope images of soil, the soil mixed with nano SiO2 particles or nano Fe3O4 solution has a denser characterization; In the experiment of current variation in soil, the maximum current of the soil mixed
with nano SiO2 particles is 0.1052 A at 72 hours; In the soil drainage test, the maximum total drainage of the soil mixed with nano Fe3O4 material at the end reached 1907 mL; In the soil pH value experiment, the pH value of the soil is higher when the proportion
of nano SiO2 material added is 3‰ and the proportion of nano Fe3O4 material added is 2‰. The above results indicate that the geological soft soil consolidation method designed by the research institute incorporating nano SiO2 materials
or nano Fe3O4 materials can effectively improve the drainage and mechanical properties of the soil.
Holmium modified TiO2 nanocomposites as a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry matrix for the detection of bisphenol S and indigo
Authors: Yang Jing , Deng Qiuhui , Luo Chunhua , Yang Aofeng , Luo Xiaohu , Guo Meng , Fu Lichun , Zhen Deshuai , Zhou Huang
Published: November 2023

Holmium (Ho) modified TiO2 (Ho–TiO2) nanocomposites have been prepared by a sol–gel process, and were used as an effective adsorbent and matrix for the enrichment and analysis of bisphenol S and Indigo by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The low detection limits of bisphenol S (BPS) and Indigo (ID) are 0.1 pg·mL−1 and 5 pg·mL−1, respectively. Extremely BPS detection could be achieved in tea samples with good recovery (81.5–93.0%).
Novel nano-SiRNA delivery system loaded with anti-ESR1 siRNA and its application as a cyclosporine drug carrier in dry eye caused by diabetes
Authors: He Jing , Lin Yunzhi , Ye Fen , Gao Ying , Yu Ting , Ke Bilian , Zhou Weihong
Published: November 2023

Dry eye is a relatively common clinical condition caused by abnormal fluid dynamics and tear quality, for which effective pharmacological treatment is lacking. In this study, a new nano-siRNA delivery system loaded with anti-ESR1 siRNA was designed and synthesized, and its effect in
the treatment of dry eye was evaluated. The system significantly inhibited the NaCl-induced increase in inflammatory factors, thereby suppressing the inflammatory response. In addition, the system downregulated the expression level of MMP-9 and STRA6. This system could be developed as a drug
for the treatment of diabetes-induced dry eye.
LSD1 inhibitor hinders the demethylation of FOXA1 to inhibit prostate cancer progression
Authors: Zhu Yongzhen , Ma Lijia , Zhang Wen , Wu Xuelian
Published: November 2023

Abnormal activation of androgen receptor (AR) occurs in prostate cancer (PC) progression and metastasis. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first demethylating enzyme, regulates AR-mediated transcriptional activity. Considering the effect of Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) on
the expression of AR, estrogen receptor (ER) and tumor suppressor genes, this study investigated the demethylation of FOXA1 upon treatment with LSD1 inhibitors and assessed the biological behaviors of PC cells. PC cells were cultured and infected with viruses. After transient transfection,
CWR22-RV1-Cas9 cells were selected by puromycin with expression of LSD1 detected by Western blot. Apart from measurement of formaldehyde production, immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were performed, followed by ATAC-seq detection, and Western blot. The data indicated
the association between LSD1-binding sites and high levels of FOXA1. LSD1 inhibitor treatment resulted in a dramatic decline in overall FOXA1 binding, significantly reducing chromosomal accessibility and also increasing lysine-methylated FOXA1 level, but it failed to affect H3K4me2 levels
at LSD1-FOXA1 occupied sites. Overexpression of LSD1-WT obtained reverse outcome. Besides, LSD1 inhibition diminished binding of FOXA1 and restored lysine-methylation of FOXA1 in methylation-deficient cells with mutant K270R. Moreover, silencing of LSD1 suppressed CWR22-RV1 tumor growth, resulting
in increased H3K4me2 and decreased AR-FL/V7 gene expression. K270me is demethylated by LSD1. LSD1 inhibitor disrupts FOXA1 chromatin association, blocks FOXA1 K270-demethylation and hinders AR binding, thereby suppressing PC cell growth.
Healing processes of burn wounds with honey and vaseline as ointment forms: An in-vivo study in Wistar rats
Authors: Baakdah Fadi , Ashi Abrar , Almaghrabi Sarah , Ismail Khadiga Ahmed , Sami Rokayya , Alshehry Garsa , Aljumayi Huda , Algarni Eman , Alorabi Jamal A. , Alshahrani Mohammad Y. , Algehainy Naseh A. , Alanazi Mohammad A.
Published: November 2023

Burn wounds need enhanced healing by using some workable agent for better treatments. The current work aimed to make a comparison between four types of honey and vaseline in ointment forms in-vivo using experimental rats. Several parameters have been evaluated such as wound epithelialization
and vascular endothelial growth factor expression (VEGF) rates for skins. Some biochemical parameters such as nitrites (NO2) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) were detected for serum. TNF-α immune response and hydroxyproline contents were also determined
colorimetrically. Microbial infection of the burns was examined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains. The wound epithelialization rate among animal groups after 15 days of treatment ranged from 52.13% to 89.58%. The highest VEGF expression rate was
achieved by using the ointment formed by side honey (SIH) at 9.21% followed by pumpkin honey (PUH) at 8.54%, moringa honey (MOH) at 8.11%, and nigellasativa honey (NSH) as 7.02%, while vaseline group reported 5.22% VEGF expression. The ointment formed by the NSH rat group detected the
highest NO2 at the end of the experimental work to reach (0.07 μmol/L) followed by SIH (0.06 μmol/L), while MOH and PUH groups reported equal values (0.05 μmol/L). The FRAP values varied in rat groups from 735.19 μmol TE/g (SIH) to 877.89
μmol TE/g (NSH). NSH reported the highest value for TNF-α immune response at 589.47 U/mL followed by SIH at 560.89 U/mL, while MOH reported the lowest value at 489.58 U/mL. For the microbial infections, the MOH group had the lowest zone of inhibition 5.18 mm, while the
vaseline group reported the highest 19.88 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was observed that the highest zone of inhibition (19.22 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus was for the vaseline group, while the lowest zone of inhibition (5.33 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus
was for SIH. All honey varieties, especially MOH had better results for NO2, TNF-α immune response, and successfully inhibited microbial infections in-vivo.
Synthesis of fluorescent 9-(4-aminoaniline)-acridine for highly specific and rapid detection of human serum albumin by fluorescence-capillary gel electrophoresis
Authors: Ye Jing , Hu Tianxiang , Ding Hui , Dong Xiawei
Published: November 2023

In clinical practice, many diseases can lead to changes in serum albumin concentration (HSA) in patients. Accurate detection of HSA concentration is of great significance for disease diagnosis. Based on this, this study designed and synthesized 9-(4-amino-aniline)-acridine (AAA) as
a fluorescent probe. By laser induction and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), a new rapid and highly specific HSA detection method based on fluorescence-CGE was established. Various experimental control factors were investigated, and the optimal experimental conditions were determined as
follows: the running buffer was H3PO4–KH2PO4 (pH = 2.45, 15.0 mmol L−1), the separation voltage was 30 kV, and the experimental temperature was 25 °C. The sample solution injected 10 s with hydrodynamic mode (3.43×103
Pa), HSA could be directly determined by fluorescence-CGE method. The linear range was 0.10–1.0 μg L−1, the detection limit was 0.012 μg L−1, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.30%. This method can be used for the
determination of real HSA samples. In addition, in the presence of various biological macromolecules, small molecules, ions and ethanol, the accurate detection of HSA by fluorescence-CGE method will not be affected, suggesting that this method has a high specificity for HSA. The rapid and
highly specific fluorescence-CGE method of HSA constructed in this study provides a new way to detect HSA, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of clinical diseases.
Expression analysis of insulin-like growth factor 1, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and inflammatory factors in children with Mycoplasmal pneumonia
Authors: Wang Zhaoyan , Wang Xian , Zhao Wanglan , Luo Jun
Published: November 2023

Mycoplasma pneumonia (MPP) belongs to atypical pneumonia, which is caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia infection, accounting for 10–40% of children’s community pneumonia. It is more common in children at preschool age. The clinical symptoms of MPP are varied and
difficult to cure. The research analyze the expression of inflammatory factors in MPP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). The aim is to provide relevant basis for treatment and diagnosis of the disease. 40 normal children were selected as the control group.
78 children with MPP were selected as the observation group. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in peripheral blood were detected. Platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and NLR were tested. IGF1 expression was determined by ELISA. The correlation between IGF1, IL-6, IL-2NLR,
PLR and the severity of MPP was analyzed. IL-2, NLR, and PLR significantly increased. The IGF1 in MPP group was lower than control group (P <0.05). IL-6 level in two group was no significant change. NLR, PLR and IL-2 were negatively correlated with IGF1. NLR, IL-2, PLR were positively
correlated with MPP severity (P <0.05). NLR, PLR, and IL-2 were upregulated, whereas IGF1 was declined in MPP, which can be used to evaluate the progression of MPP.
Biochar preparation and its effects with reduced compound fertilizer on nutrients, phenolic acid and fungal community in tobacco rhizosphere soil
Authors: Ma Huan-Jin , Lin Li , Chen Ze-Bin , Xu Sheng-Guang , Li Yu , Zhang Rui , Yi Sheng-Yue
Published: November 2023

Biochar is a carbon-rich soil conditioner produced from pyrolysis of biomass, it has been widely used to enhance soil quality because of its physical adsorption as well as water and fertilizer conservation functions. This work aimed to improve the soil quality of continuously cropped flue-cured tobacco fields using biochar prepared from agricultural waste. To explore the impact of reduced compound fertilizer with biochar application on nutrients, phenolic acid contents and fungi diversity in the rhizosphere soil, 4 treatments were set: regular compound fertilizer application (T1), and biochar with reduced compound fertilizer in different proportions (T2, T3, T4, with 100, 75, 50% of compound fertilizer, respectively). The physicochemical properties of the prepared biochar were characterized and observed using electron microscopy. The results indicated that, a noticeable increase in the content of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil organic carbon (SOC) in T2 treatment compared to T1 treatment. Moreover, T2 treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK), with increases of 9.29%, 15.85% and 25.42% compared to T1 treatment, respectively. While a gradual decrease in soil AN, AP, and AK content was observed with the reduction of compound fertilizer application (T2–T4), there was no obvious difference between T3 and T1. For total phenolic acid, the content in T2 treatment significantly decreased by 35.99% compared to T1 treatment, while T3 and T4 treatments showed significant reductions of 15.30 and 18.73% respectively, compared to T2 treatment. Biochar application could enhance the fungal community’s abundance and diversity in the rhizosphere soil. Fungal community exhibited the highest richness under T3 treatment, while the relative abundance ofFusariumandMortierellareduced as the decrease of compound fertilizer (T2–T4). In conclusion, the reduced compound fertilizer with biochar application could reduce nutrient loss, phenolic acids accumulation, and improving the abundance of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil. This paper provides a reference for biochar combined with compound fertilizer to improve soil from the regulation of allelochemicals and soil fungi.
DNAzyme modified NaYF4: Yb, Tm, Gd for near-infrared fluorescence detection of uranyl
Authors: Chen Sihan , Hu Huiqi , Jiang Wenting , Zhang Yuyun , Luo Xiaohu , Peng Jiayi , Li Le , Zhen Deshuai , Wang Hanqing
Published: November 2023

A novel near-infrared induced upconversion sensor for the detection of uranyl ions was successfully constructed using β-NaYF4: Yb, Tm, Gd upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and specific DNAzyme. Characterization of the UCNPs@DNAzyme was conducted using XRD, TEM, FT-IR and
fluorescence testing, and it was shown that the β-NaYF4: Yb, Tm, Gd nanoparticles were successfully prepared (∼27 nm). Upon 980 nm excitation, the UCNPs@DNAzyme emitted green light at λ=475 nm. Furthermore, Förster resonance energy transfer was observed between
the UCNPs@DNAzyme (doner) and uranyl (acceptor) present on the substrate chain. This resulted in fluorescence quenching, which was used to quantify the concentration of uranyl. The developed method was found to be highly selective and sensitive, with a detection limit as low as 43 nM. This
method also demonstrated excellent specificity and sensitivity for the determination of uranyl in water samples, indicating its potential application in near-infrared fluorescence detection and imaging of uranyl in vivo.
Southeastward Extension of the Aleutian Low Favors Long Decaying El Niño Events
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: November 2023

El Niño can be categorized into long and short decaying cases in terms of the lengths of decaying phases. We find that the difference between long and short decaying El Niño emerges as early as the decaying spring, rather than the decaying summer mentioned in previous studies. Observational evidence suggests that this difference corresponds to the different positions of the spring Aleutian low (AL). Further analysis using 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulations suggests that the AL that extends southeastward into the northeastern subtropical Pacific contributes to the long decaying El Niño. The northeastern subtropical Pacific AL, with an anomalous southwesterly on the southeast edge, is associated with warming in situ, which further induces cyclonic circulation anomalies over the eastern tropical Pacific as Gill’s response. The anomalous westerly at the equator along the southern side of the cyclonic circulation anomalies is related to positive SST anomalies over the central and eastern tropical Pacific and therefore the persistence of El Niño in the decaying spring. On the other hand, the AL restricted to the North Pacific contributes to anticyclonic circulation anomalies over the central Pacific and favors the decline of El Niño through the seasonal footprint mechanism. Moreover, the models that reproduce many more long (short) decaying El Niño cases tend to simulate the AL southeastward extension (restriction over the North Pacific) during the El Niño decaying spring. The results imply that the AL position in the El Niño decaying spring could be a precursor to the length of El Niño decaying phase.

Significance Statement

El Niño events can be classified into long and short decaying cases with regard to the different lengths of decaying phases. We find that the difference between the two types of El Niño appears as early as the decaying spring, rather than the decaying summer noticed in previous studies. We highlight that this difference is due to the different positions of the spring Aleutian low (AL). Particularly, the AL that extends southeastward into the northeastern subtropical Pacific is associated with warming over the central and eastern tropical Pacific and contributes to the persistence of El Niño in the decaying spring. The results indicate that locations of the spring AL should be paid attention to when considering the decaying phase of El Niño.
The Implications of Readmission on Cost and Patient Outcomes Following Distal Pancreatectomy and Splenectomy
Authors: Ross Sharona B. , Doan Amy , Sucandy Iswanto , Christodoulou Maria , Pattilachan Tara M. , Crespo Kaitlyn L. , Rosemurgy Alexander S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Robotic platform usage for distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy has grown exponentially in recent years. This study aims to identify the impact of readmission following robotic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy and to analyze the financial implications of these readmissions.

Methods

We prospectively followed 137 patients after robotic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Readmission was defined as rehospitalization within 30 days post-discharge. Total cost incorporated initial and readmission hospital costs, when applicable. Outcomes were analyzed using chi-square/Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t test. Data are presented as median (mean ± SD).

Results

Of 137 patients, 20 (14%) were readmitted. Readmitted patients were 67 (66 ± 10.3) years old and had a BMI of 30 (30 ± 7.0) kg/m2; 9 (45%) had previous abdominal operations. Non-readmitted patients were 67 (62 ± 14.7) years old and had a BMI of 28 (28 ± 5.7) kg/m2; 37 (32%) had previous abdominal operations ( P = NS, for all). Readmitted patients vs non-readmitted patients had operative durations of 327 (363 ± 179.1) vs 251 (293 ± 176.4) minutes ( P = .10), estimated blood loss (EBL) of 90 (159 ± 214.6) vs 100 (244 ± 559.4) mL ( P = .50), and tumor diameter of 3 (4 ± 2.0) vs 3 (4 ± 2.9) cm ( P = 1.00). Initial length of stay (LOS) for readmitted patients vs patients who were not readmitted was 5 (5 ± 2.7) vs 4 (5 ± 3.0) days ( P = 1.00); total hospital cost of those readmitted, including both admissions, was $29,095 (32,324 ± 20,227.38) vs $24,663 (25,075 ± 10,786.45) ( P = .018) for those not readmitted.

Discussion

Despite a similar perioperative course, readmissions were associated with increased costs. We propose thorough consideration before readmission and increased patient education initiatives will reduce readmissions after robotic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy.
On the Utility of Indirect Methods for Detecting Faking
Authors: Goldammer Philippe , Stöckli Peter Lucas , Escher Yannik Andrea , Annen Hubert , Jonas Klaus
Published: November 2023

Indirect indices for faking detection in questionnaires make use of a respondent’s deviant or unlikely response pattern over the course of the questionnaire to identify them as a faker. Compared with established direct faking indices (i.e., lying and social desirability scales), indirect indices have at least two advantages: First, they cannot be detected by the test taker. Second, their usage does not require changes to the questionnaire. In the last decades, several such indirect indices have been proposed. However, at present, the researcher’s choice between different indirect faking detection indices is guided by relatively little information, especially if conceptually different indices are to be used together. Thus, we examined and compared how well indices of a representative selection of 12 conceptionally different indirect indices perform and how well they perform individually and jointly compared with an established direct faking measure or validity scale. We found that, first, the score on the agreement factor of the Likert-type item response process tree model, the proportion of desirable scale endpoint responses, and the covariance index were the best-performing indirect indices. Second, using indirect indices in combination resulted in comparable and in some cases even better detection rates than when using direct faking measures. Third, some effective indirect indices were only minimally correlated with substantive scales and could therefore be used to partial faking variance from response sets without losing substance. We, therefore, encourage researchers to use indirect indices instead of direct faking measures when they aim to detect faking in their data.
The role of the local retail environment in the tobacco-purchasing behaviour of underage adolescents in Amsterdam
Authors: Peeters Denise A M , van Deelen Tessa R D , Kunst Anton E , van den Putte Bas , Kuipers Mirte A G
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Despite a nationwide ban on tobacco sales to people under 18 years of age, adolescents can still buy tobacco products in Amsterdam. This study aimed to understand the influence of the retail environment in adolescents’ activity spaces on their tobacco-purchasing behaviour.

Method:

Interviews were conducted with 13 adolescents (aged 14–19 years) who went to school in Amsterdam and had ever bought tobacco products. Questions were based on the capability, opportunity, motivation, behaviour (COM-B) model. City maps showing all tobacco outlets were used to visualise respondents’ activity spaces and purchasing areas. Transcripts were analysed thematically.

Results:

Adolescents preferred purchasing tobacco at shops where they had successfully purchased it before, instead of going to just any shop close by. They purchased tobacco products mostly in small shops. Supermarkets were avoided, as employees complied with age-verification procedures. The city centre provided easy access because the density of small shops was high. In adolescents’ residential area, acquaintances behind the counter might facilitate tobacco purchase, while it was a barrier for minors who secretly smoked. At school, adolescents developed a collective knowledge of shops that sold tobacco products to minors either near school or further away. Tobacco was also bought on the black market because it was cheaper or because it was possible to buy specific products (e.g. snus).

Conclusion:

Tobacco purchasing by minors is less about the proximity and more about which stores in their activity spaces sell tobacco products to minors. Policies should therefore be aimed at the enforcement of age limits and reducing the number of small shops selling tobacco.
Teachers’ perspectives on the EU Fruit and Vegetable Scheme implementation in Italy
Authors: Vitali Veronica , Tiboldo Giulia , Castellari Elena , Meshkovska Biljana
Published: November 2023

Objective:

School-based fruit and vegetable provision programmes can improve children’s eating patterns and health by ensuring access to fruit and vegetables and providing nutrition education. However, the effectiveness of these programmes may be significantly affected by the implementation quality. The objective of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the EU School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme according to Italian teachers’ perspective.

Design, Setting, and Method:

We carried out semi-structured interviews with teachers in two elementary schools in Italy that had participated in the EU School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme for several years. The interview protocol was based on domains, constructs and sub-constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Qualitative data from the interviews were coded deductively using the CFIR to identify the main barriers and facilitators to implementing the EU School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme.

Results:

Among the main facilitators of implementation of the EU School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme were the quality and variety of the products, as well as the educational intentions behind the scheme, and teachers’ overall level of engagement. Barriers were to be found in lack of teacher training, an absence of accompanying measures, limited knowledge about a healthy diet, the low involvement of parents, and finally, problems with product delivery.

Conclusions:

Providing more comprehensive teacher education and training and extending access to accompanying measures may improve the EU School Fruit and Vegetables Scheme’s implementation quality and effectiveness. Moreover, allowing greater flexibility in between suppliers and accounting for each geographic area’s unique character are crucial to overcoming the delivery problems that currently act as barriers to the implementation of the scheme.
The Role of State and Trait Self-Control on the Sustained Attention to Response Task
Authors: Harwood Amanda E. , Satterfield Kelly , Helton William S. , McKnight Patrick E. , Shaw Tyler H.
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the plausibility of self-control depletion, or ego-depletion, as the underlying cognitive resource responsible for performance decrements on the sustained attention to response task.

Background

Researchers suggested that self-control is a limited cognitive resource used to complete a myriad of processes, including sustained attention. Past research showed that trait self-control affects some sustained attention tasks. However, little research has investigated the effect of self-control as a limited cognitive resource that varies over time (i.e., as a state-dependent variable).

Methods

This experiment investigated the effect of self-control (trait and state) on a sustained motor-inhibition task (e.g., sustained attention to response task; SART). State self-control was manipulated using a between-subjects design—participants in the experimental condition completed a task designed to deplete state self-control prior to performing the SART while the control condition completed a modified version that did not deplete self-control.

Results

Trait self-control predicted performance on the SART, but the depletion task (state self-control) had no detectable effect.

Conclusion

Given the evidence, it is unlikely that state self-control plays a causal role in performance decrements in the SART, but there appears to be some association between performance on the SART and trait self-control.

Application

Trait self-control ought to be considered in future work for personnel selection in real-world tasks that the SART models such as long-distance driving, air traffic control, and TSA operations.
The Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) and Implications for the North Korean Nuclear Crisis
Authors: Heo Ji Young
Published: November 2023

This article addresses the question of whether there is a peaceful way to defuse the North Korean nuclear crisis by examining the process leading to the Iran nuclear deal. The European approach to resolve security crises based on its principles of multilateralism and the rule of law provides valuable insights for nuclear diplomacy with North Korea: (1) a nuclear-focus approach that dissociates nuclear negotiations from Iran’s other troublesome issues helps the country continue with discussions preventing a military conflict and (2) a multilateral framework with a mediator can guarantee that deals remain alive even if one party breaks away.
Perpetuating the Gaps: 21st-Century Skills in Students With Learning Disabilities and Their Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Vaknin-Nusbaum Vered , Rachevski Israel
Published: November 2023

This study examined whether there are differences between Israeli students with learning disabilities (LD) and their typically developing peers with regard to their 21st-century skills according to their self-report and whether the differences between the two groups are greater in postsecondary education than in high school—an aim that had not been examined in depth in previous research. Findings suggest that overall (beyond type of learner), in most skills, postsecondary education students reported higher scores than high school students on questionnaires designed for self-assessment of 21st-century skills. Second, students with LD exhibited lower scores in most 21st-century skills than their peers. Third, a comparison of the gaps in 21st-century skills between students with LD and their peers in each of the examined educational settings (i.e., high school vs postsecondary education) revealed that some of the gaps expand over the years, resulting in differences in additional skills. Results are discussed in the context of educational environment and its role in cultivating 21st-century skills and preparing students for integration into the labor market.
Fatal cerebral air embolism post esophageal endoscopy with dilatation: A case report
Authors: Hamilton Kimberly , Orde Matthew , Finlayson Gordon
Published: November 2023

This is a case of a patient who underwent an esophageal dilatation for benign esophageal strictures. As a consequence of the procedure, she developed an esophageal rupture and multiple cerebral and cerebellar air emboli resulting in infarction. The patient died after being placed on comfort care measures. The postmortem examination revealed focal breach of the esophageal mucosa but no sites of cardiac or vascular shunting that could account for the transit of air from the esophagus to the central nervous system. The phenomenon of vascular air entry as a consequence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic intervention is an uncommon but very serious complication of balloon dilatation therapy. Instances of progression to intracranial arterial gas embolism are even less common, but are well described in a small number of case reports. We present a fatal case of central nervous system air embolism post-balloon dilatation therapy with associated antemortem imaging, autopsy, and microscopic images followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms of entry of air into the brain.
HMG co-reductase expression and response to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with high grade non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer receiving statins
Authors: Krishnan Jamie , Symington Andrew , Kernohan Neil , Bray Suan , Robertson Allison , Nabi Ghulam
Published: November 2023

Background

Cardiovascular disease affects over 7 million people in the UK and statins are often prescribed to mitigate cardiovascular risks. The effect of statins on a number of cancers is debated and their effect on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) responsiveness in non-muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer (NMIBC) is not fully understood.

Aims

This study aims to explore the difference in HMG Co-A reductase (HMGCR) expression in NMIBC on immunochemistry in BCG responders and non-responders while on statins.

Method

Three hundred and thirty-two cases of intravesical BCG treatment for high-risk NMIBC between November 2003 and December 2017 were identified. Patients taking statins for at least 12 months before the diagnosis of NIMBC and with a follow-up of at least 5 years were included. They were divided into BCG responders and non-responders. Tumour tissue from these patients was immunohistochemically stained and quantitative image analysis carried out to assess and compare HMGCR expression in the groups.

Results & Conclusion

This study showed a differential expression of HMGCR in responders vs. non-responders to BCG for high-risk NMIBC on statins. This data should form the basis of a further research and multi-centre study in a larger cohort, using HMGCR as a biomarker of response in patients on statins.
Who seeks and shares misinformation about politicians? Focusing on the roles of party- and politician-level social identities
Authors: Moon Won-Ki , Lee Soobum
Published: November 2023

Although numerous studies have explained the flow of misinformation, finding studies that theoretically examine the psychological factors related to individuals’ information behaviours is difficult. Social media data or meta-level analyses have limitations in providing an understanding of behaviours and processes at the individual level. Accordingly, this study aims to construct a predictive model for biased information seeking and sharing as a response to misinformation, which is information without the certainty of its truth, through a survey ( N = 602). Applying social psychological concepts (i.e. social identity theory), two types of social identities were proposed as key factors of biased information seeking and sharing in the research model. Our model allows forecasting of what types of individuals are more likely to skip the fact-checking process and share misinformation.