bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Congenital Anomalies and Global Developmental Delay in a Patient with Interstitial 6q25.2q26 Deletion: A Diagnostic Odyssey
Authors: Paulraj Prabakaran , Palumbos Janice C. , Openshaw Amanda , Carey John C. , Toydemir Reha M.
Published: November 2018

Interstitial deletions involving 6q25 are rare chromosomal abnormalities associated with distinctive phenotypic features. We describe a 9-year-old boy who was followed from his infancy due to his multiple congenital anomalies and complex medical history. Over the years, a number of diagnoses were considered including Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, as well as “a novel genetic disorder.” Various genetic tests, including a BAC-based array-CGH analysis, were reported as normal. Recently, a SNP-based microarray analysis was performed and showed an 11.1-Mb deletion from 6q25.2 to 6q26, including ARID1B and ZDHHC14. Recent literature suggests that the 6q25 deletion syndrome is a recognizable entity characterized by growth delay, developmental disabilities, microcephaly, hearing loss, and variable other malformations including cleft palate. These features overlap with those of Coffin-Siris syndrome, which is caused by deletions and loss-of-function mutations of ARID1B. Retrospectively, this patient has features resembling both Coffin-Siris and 6q25 microdeletion syndromes.
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis
Authors: Pergolizzi Jr. Joseph V. , LeQuang Jo Ann , Bisney John F.
Published: November 2018

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a paradoxical condition in which a long-term cannabis user suffers an episode of intractable vomiting that may last days separated by longer asymptomatic periods of weeks or months. Cannabinoids are often utilized for their antiemetic properties, so CHS can be a puzzling condition, and the diagnosis of CHS may be disputed by patients. Unlike other cyclic vomiting syndromes, CHS can be relieved by hot showers or topical capsaicin. Abstinence from cannabinoids causes CHS to resolve, sometimes in a matter of days or hours. Marijuana users as well as many clinicians are not aware of CHS, and patients may undergo unnecessary tests, scans, and other procedures to get an accurate diagnosis. Symptoms may be severe enough to require hospitalization. With liberalization of marijuana laws and favorable public opinion about the healing properties of cannabis, CHS may be more frequently observed in clinical practice.
Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Protects Human Osteoblasts from Dexamethasone-Induced Injury via Activation of PPM1E-AMPK Signaling
Authors: Fan Jian-bo , Zhang Yingzi , Liu Wei , Zhu Xin-hui , Xu Da-wei , Zhao Jian-ning , Cui Zhi-ming 
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (Dex) induces injuries to human osteoblasts. In this study, we tested the potential role of the long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Lnc-MALAT1) in this process. Materials: Two established human osteoblastic cell lines (OB-6 and hFOB1.19) and primary human osteoblasts were treated with Dex. Lnc-MALAT1 expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Cell viability, apoptosis, and death were tested by the MTT assay, histone-DNA assay, and trypan blue staining assay, respectively. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling was evaluated by western blotting and AMPK activity assay. Results: Lnc-MALAT1 expression was downregulated by Dex treatment in the established osteoblastic cell lines (OB-6 and hFOB1.19) and primary human osteoblasts. The level of Lnc-MALAT1 was decreased in the necrotic femoral head tissues of Dex-administered patients. In osteoblastic cells and primary human osteoblasts, forced overexpression of Lnc-MALAT1 using a lentiviral vector (LV-MALAT1) inhibited Dex-induced cell viability reduction, cell death, and apoptosis. Conversely, transfection with Lnc-MALAT1 small interfering RNA aggravated Dex-induced cytotoxicity. Transfection with LV-MALAT1 downregulated Ppm1e (protein phosphatase, Mg2+/ Mn2+-dependent 1e) expression to activate AMPK signaling. Treatment of osteoblasts with AMPKα1 short hairpin RNA or dominant negative mutation (T172A) abolished LV-MALAT1-induced protection against Dex-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, LV-MALAT1 induced an increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate activity and activation of Nrf2 signaling. Dex-induced reactive oxygen species production was significantly attenuated by LV-MALAT1 transfection in osteoblastic cells and primary osteoblasts. Conclusion: Lnc-MALAT1 protects human osteoblasts from Dex-induced injuries, possibly via activation of Ppm1e-AMPK signaling.
Protective Role of NMDAR for Microwave-Induced Synaptic Plasticity Injuries in Primary Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Wang Hui , Tan Shengzhi , Zhao Li , Dong Ji , Yao Binwei , Xu Xinping , Zhang Bo , Zhang Jing , Zhou Hongmei , Peng Ruiyun 
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: The N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) has been extensively studied for its important roles in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. However, the effects of microwave radiation on the subunit composition and activity of NMDARs and the relationship between NMDARs and microwave-induced synaptic plasticity have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Materials: In our study, primary hippocampal neurons were used to evaluate the effects of microwave radiation on synaptic plasticity. Structural changes were observed by diolistic (Dil) labeling and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Functional synaptic plasticity was reflected by the NMDAR currents, which were detected by whole cell patch clamp. We also detected the expression of NMDAR subunits by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. To clarify the effects of microwave radiation on NMDAR-induced synaptic plasticity, suitable agonists or inhibitors were added to confirm the role of NMDARs on microwave-induced synaptic plasticity. Dil labeling, SEM observation, whole cell patch clamp, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate changes in synaptic plasticity after treatment with agonists or inhibitors. Results: Our results found that microwave exposure impaired neurite development and decreased mRNA and protein levels and the current density of NMDARs. Due to the decreased expression of NMDAR subunits after microwave exposure, the selective agonist NMDA was added to identify the role of NMDARs on microwave-induced synaptic plasticity injuries. After adding the agonist, the expression of NMDAR subunits recovered to the normal levels. In addition, the microwave-induced structural and functional synaptic plasticity injuries recovered, including the number and length of neurites, the connections between neurons, and the NMDAR current. Conclusion: Microwave radiation caused neuronal synaptic plasticity injuries in primary hippocampal neurons, and NMDARs played protective roles on the damage process.
Knockdown of Long Non-Coding RNA XIST Inhibited Doxorubicin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer by Upregulation of miR-124 and Downregulation of SGK1
Authors: Zhu Jia , Zhang Rui , Yang Dongxiang , Li Jibin , Yan Xiaofei , Jin Keer , Li Wenya , Liu Xin , Zhao Jianfeng , Shang Wen , Yu Tao
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the acquirement of DOX resistance limits its clinical application for cancer therapy. Mounting evidence has suggested that aberrantly expressed lncRNAs contribute to drug resistance of various tumors. Our study aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in chemoresistance of CRC to DOX. Methods: The expressions of XIST, miR-124, serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) mRNA in DOX-resistant CRC tissues and cells were detected by qRT-PCR or western blot analysis. DOX sensitivity was assessed by detecting IC50 value of DOX, the protein levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and apoptosis. The interactions between XIST, miR-124 and SGK1 were confirmed by luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR and western blot. Xenograft tumor assay was used to verify the role of XIST in DOX resistance in CRC in vivo. Results: XIST expression was upregulated and miR-124 expression was downregulated in DOX-resistant CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of XIST inhibited DOX resistance of CRC cells, as evidenced by the reduced IC50 value of DOX, decreased P-gp and GST-π levels and enhanced apoptosis in XIST-silenced DOX-resistant CRC cells. Additionally, XIST positively regulated SGK1 expression by interacting with miR-124 in DOX-resistant CRC cells. miR-124 suppression strikingly reversed XIST-knockdown-mediated repression on DOX resistance in DOX-resistant CRC cells. Moreover, SGK1-depletion-elicited decrease of DOX resistance was greatly restored by XIST overexpression or miR-124 inhibition in DOX-resistant CRC cells. Furthermore, XIST knockdown enhanced the anti-tumor effect of DOX in CRC in vivo. Conclusion: XIST exerted regulatory function in resistance of DOX possibly through miR-124/SGK1 axis, shedding new light on developing promising therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in CRC patients.
Inhibition of MicroRNA-124 Reduces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Following Myocardial Infarction via Targeting STAT3
Authors: He Fang , Liu Huibin , Guo Jing , Yang Di , Yu Yang , Yu Jie , Yan Xiuqing , Hu Juan , Du Zhimin
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: MicroRNAs play an important role in regulating myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac injury. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) plays a vital role in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Although the alteration of miR-124 was confirmed in peripheral blood of MI patients, little is known regarding the biological functions of miR-124 in cardiomyocytes. This study was designed to explore the role of miR-124 in MI and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Real-time PCR was used to quantify the microRNAs levels. TUNEL and Flow cytometry were performed to measure cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was employed to detect expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and STAT3 proteins. Results: We revealed that miR-124 was significantly up-regulated in a mice model of MI and in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) with H2O2 treatment. H2O2 treatment induced cardiomyocyte injury with reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptotic cell death, whereas silencing expression of miR-124 by AMO-124 (antisense inhibitor oligodeoxyribonucleotides) alleviated these deleterious changes. AMO-124 decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 in H2O2-treated NRVMs. Besides, AMO-124 improved mitochondrial dysfunction of NRVMs induced by H2O2 treatment. Moreover, antagomir-124 markedly decreased the infarct area and apoptotic cardiomyocytes and improved cardiac function in MI mice. Furthermore, we identified STAT3 as a direct target of miR-124, and downregulation of miR-124 ameliorated the diminished levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 (Tyr705) in response to H2O2 or MI. STAT3 inhibitor, stattic, was shown to attenuate the elevation of p-STAT3 in NRVMs with AMO-124 transfection. Inhibiting of STAT3 activity by stattic abrogated protective effects of AMO-124 on H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Conclusion: Taken together, our data demonstrate that downregulation of miR-124 inhibits MI-induced apoptosis through upregulating STAT3, which suggests the therapeutic potential of miR-124 for myocardial infarction.
Sobre a importância de ensinar expressões idiomáticas
Authors: Termignoni Susana , Finatto Maria José Bocorny
Published: November 2018

This article falls under two strands of contrastive phraseology: bilingual phraseography and phraseodidactics, focusing on a subset of phraseological units: idiomatic expressions. In this article, we will not discuss Phraseography, but rather the increasing international importance of Phraseodidactics, presenting also the reasons why we strongly believe that phraseological units should be part of a foreign language learning program. In order to do this, we designed a prototype of a semi-bilingual Italian-Brazilian Portuguese online dictionary of idiomatic expressions for intermediate-advanced Brazilian learners of Italian, in order to help in comprehension.
A língua italiana e a escola como espaços simbólicos de disputa no início do sec. XX: implicações políticas, sociais e culturais
Authors: Picanço Deise Cristina de Lima , Correia Maria Inês Carvalho
Published: November 2018

Questo articolo ha come scopo riflettere, dal punto di vista storico, sulla presenza assente della/e lingua/e e cultura/e italiana/e nel programma di insegnamento della scuola media superiore a Curitiba, più specificamente nel Colegio Estadual do Paraná all’inizio del XX secolo. Poiché affrontare l’argomento cultura e linguaggio è affrontare anche il soggetto situato sociologicamente e storicamente, sempre in movimento, in rapporto con l’altro, distinguiamo in questa riflessione tre punti che consideriamo intrecciati con la questione della lingua, vale a dire: a) la divergenza fra i soggetti immigrati italiani socialmente e storicamente situati; b) l’ideologia dello “sbiancamento” del Brasile da parte dell’élite brasiliana; e c) la mancata tradizione di una lingua italiana parlata standard. L’approccio teorico utilizzato in questa riflessione è basato sulle idee del Circolo di Bachtin relative al linguaggio indissociato dal soggetto ibrido e alla nozione di differenza culturale che si mostra nell’enunciazione, così come definita da Bhabha (2013).
O romanesco no cinema italiano do pós-guerra
Authors: Gullo Annita , Genova Luciana de
Published: November 2018

This article analyzes the use of romanesco, the urban dialectal variety of Rome, in post-war Italian cinema, considering the following three films: Roma città aperta (1945), by Roberto Rossellini; Il sorpasso (1962) by Dino Risi; and Viaggi di nozze, by Carlo Verdone (1995). The aims are: a) to observe the use of the romanesco in the films of the three historical periods, with the theoretical support of Sergio Raffaelli (1992), Eusebio Cicotti (2001) and Fabio Rossi (1999, 2006, 2007); b) to verify the degree of formality/informality of the filmic speeches, regarding the identification of the criterion for data collection and treatment. The selection criterion of the three films was the presence of phonetic phenomena, considered detectors of diaphasic variation. The frequency of such traits allowed to identify the level of formality/informality in the actors’ speeches of each film and to verify how the Roman linguistic continuum can be observed.
MARILENA CHAUI E O DEBATE SOBRE IDEOLOGIA E EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: De Oliveira Fernando Bonadia
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar a contribuição dos argumentos do ensaio “ideologia e educação”, publicado por Marilena Chaui originalmente em 1980, para a fundamentação de uma percepção pedagógica da ideologia presente no interior das práticas educativas e escolares. a partir de um resgate dos eixos fundamentais da reflexão colocada por chaui pretendemos aclarar a atualidade do tema no brasil e explicitar a dimensão dos problemas por ela levantados no processo de transformação do licenciando em educador. finalmente, em forma de relato, descreverei como esta transformação foi experimentada não só por mim, quando estudante de pedagogia, mas também por colegas de curso.
A IDEIA DE POVO E A MISÉRIA DOS INTELECTUAIS
Authors: Canhada Júlio
Published: November 2018

Considerações sobre o povo ou o nacional-popular parecem ter servido como uma espécie de outro da filosofia e do filósofo. Neste texto acompanhamos as análises de Marilena Chaui a respeito da função atribuída ao popular. Dela fazem parte, segundo a autora, mecanismos ideológicos e, a fim de se escapar deles, exploraremos sua ideia de contradiscurso. Ao final, procuramos examinar tais categorias tendo em vista a própria maneira como Marilena Chaui se refere a sua prática filosófica.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O CONSENTIMENTO NO SEGUNDO TRATADO DE JOHN LOCKE
Authors: Tsuji Alessandra
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo procura-se destacar alguns pontos acerca do conceito de consentimento no Segundo tratado sobre o governo, a fim de  fomentar a discussão sobre esse tema, bastante relevante, e ao mesmo tempo complexo, para a compreensão da teoria política de Locke. Neste percurso, busca-se ressaltar algumas passagens mais relevantes para a apreensão dessa noção com base em sua análise tanto no início das sociedades políticas quanto no exercício do governo civil. Além disso, procura-se apontar a conexão entre consentimento e confiança e a importância da distinção entre consentimento tácito e expresso para a compreensão do texto.
Barroquismo amazonense Linguagem e real na Amazônia de Euclides da Cunha
Authors: Robyn Ingrid
Published: November 2018

Este artigo analisa os aspectos literários de Um paraíso perdido, coletânea dos textos que Euclides da Cunha dedicou à Amazônia. Considerando o barroquismo desta obra, propõe-se contrastar esses textos com o projeto estético-cultural de Alejo Carpentier. Sugere-se que, como no caso do escritor cubano, a presença desse barroquismo na obra de Euclides da Cunha reflete um esforço consciente de mimetizar, a través da linguagem, o caráter convulsivo, desmesurado e maravilhoso que o autor atribui à própria paisagem amazônica; estabelecendo-se assim um paralelismo entre linguagem e real, ao mesmo tempo em que se questiona a possibilidade mesma de nomear essa paisagem.
Tragédia ao rés do chão
Authors: Villaça Davi Lopes
Published: November 2018

Em Shakespeare nas Dunas, do livro Nu, de Botas, o cronista Antonio Prata relata seu primeiro contato com a história de Romeu e Julieta, propiciando uma série de reflexões ligadas à literatura e suas funções. Esperando dar espaço a algumas dessas reflexões, o presente artigo consiste numa análise fechada da crônica  – observando seu próprio processo de composição artística – entremeada por considerações de ordem mais geral, sobretudo no que respeita à experiência do leitor que se identifica com uma história. Além disso, o artigo promove também, a partir de uma comparação com outros gêneros mencionados no texto de Prata (tragédia e fábula), uma discussão em torno do gênero da crônica, cuja finalidade é, acima de tudo, o reconhecimento de algumas de suas características principais.
Two new species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from India
Authors: DALAVI JAGDISH , DESHMUKH PRADIP , JADHAV VARSHA , YADAV SHRIRANG
Published: November 2018

Portulaca badamica, and P. lakshminarasimhaniana, from Bagalkot district, (Karnataka State, India), are described as new species for Science. P. badamica is an annual, slender and sparsely branched herb usually with cleistogamous flowers, while P. lakshminarasimhaniana is woody, perennial, subshrub with pinkish red coloured flowers, capsules with elongated hemispherical operculum and seeds with peculiar metallic shine. P. badamica is morphologically similar to P. pilosa from which differs in having annual, slender, sparsely branched, erect habit, usually cleistogamous yellow flowers,3–4 fid style, 8–12 stamens, bluish seeds with stellulate flat cells without central elevations. P. lakshminarasimhaniana is similar to P. suffrutescens but differs from it by its non-tuberous root, stem scabrous with scaly bark, dark pink to red flowers, 8–15 stamens, strictly 4 fid style and oblong capsules.
Campanula leblebicii (Campanulaceae), a new chasmophyte species from western Turkey
Authors: YILDIRIM HASAN
Published: November 2018

Campanula leblebicii Yıldırım (Campanulaceae) is described here as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, and detailed illustrations are given herein. C. leblebicii is restricted to the Çaldede Mountain in Kemalpaşa district of İzmir Province in western Anatolia, Turkey. According to its morphological features, it belongs to Campanula L. subgenus Campanula section Rupestres (Boiss.) Charadze. It shows morphological and ecological similarities with C. mugeana Yıldırım, belonging to C. section Quinqueloculares (Boiss.) Phitos., and to C. koyuncui Duman and C. teucrioides Boiss. belonging to C. section Rupestres. However, C. leblebicii is easily distinguished from these taxa, especially by its glabrous habit; stigma, 3-lobed, and capsule, open by 3 basal valves, shiny, and never concealing by enlarged appendages (from C. mugeana); smaller calyx appendages; capsule never hidden by enlarged calyx appendages, and habitat phyllite-schistose rocks (from C. koyuncui); entire leaves, calyx appendages minute, never enlarged after anthesis (from C. teucrioides).
Review of Afrotropical Thienemanniella Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
Authors: FU YUE , HESTENES TOR CHRISTIAN , SÆTHER OLE
Published: November 2018

A new species from Ghana, Thienemanniella cavata is described and illustrated as adult male. T. antennata Freeman, 1953, T. trivittata Goetghebuer, 1935 and T. lineola Freeman, 1953 are redescribed. Additional measurements and comments are given for T. fuga Lehmann, 1979. Additional records of T. antennata from Ghana and T. fuga from South Africa and Tanzania are given. T. afra Lehmann, 1981 is tentatively transferred to the genus Corynoneurella Brundin. Male and female genital structures are discussed. A large bursa below gonapophysis VIII and the vagina is considered to be an egg-laying chamber. Keys to the known males and females of Afrotropical species of the genus Thienemanniella are given.
Two new species of Eupholus Boisduval (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), with observations on coloured cuticular exudates in weevils
Authors: RIEDEL ALEXANDER
Published: November 2018

Two new species of Eupholus Boisduval from Papua New Guinea are described as new: Eupholus mimicus sp. n. and E. sedlaceki sp. n.. A key to the Eupholus species with yellow colour patterns is provided. E. sedlaceki is closely related to E. euphrosyne Porion but differs in coloration. Male and female terminalia of E. euphrosyne are illustrated for comparison. E. mimicus is superficially very similar to E. euphrosyne, but its yellow colour pattern is composed of scales whereas in the latter it is formed by loose particles. These two species belong to different species groups, and the conspicuous colour patterns have evidently evolved convergently. The occurrence and function of extracuticular pigments among species of Eupholini is discussed.
A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from the sacred groves of Mawphlang, Meghalaya, north-eastern India
Authors: DAS INDRANEIL , TRON RONALD K. LYNGDOH , RANGAD DUWAKI , HOOROO RUPA N. K.
Published: November 2018

A new species of megophryid frog of the genus Leptolalax is described from the sacred groves of Mawphlang, East Khasi Hills, north-eastern India. L. khasiorum new species, is compared with congeners from India and other parts of south-east Asia. The new species is diagnosable in showing the following combination of characters: SVL 24.5–27.3 (mean 25.63 ± 0.61 SE) mm in a sample of four adult males; 31.2–33.4 (mean 32.50 ± 0.67 SE) mm in a sample of three females; dorsum with fine scattered tubercles; eyelids with tubercles; tympanum and supratympanic fold distinct; macroglands, including preaxillary, pectorals and ventrolateral glands present; Finger I > II; toe tips not dilated, bearing dermal fringes; dorsum with dark blotches; flanks with large dark blotches; dark tympanic mask present; venter lacking dark blotches; labial bars present and limbs with dark cross-bars.
Review of the genus Petropedetes Reichenow, 1874 in Central Africa with the description of three new species (Amphibia: Anura: Petropedetidae)
Authors: BAREJ MICHAEL F. , RÖDEL MARK-OLIVER , GONWOUO3 LEGRAND NONO , PAUWELS OLIVIER S. G. , BÖHME WOLFGANG , SCHMITZ ANDREAS
Published: November 2018

We review and summarize the present knowledge on Central African Petropedetes, discuss their taxonomy and describe three new species. We synonymise one name: P. newtonii is a junior synonym of P. johnstoni. Frogs from the African mainland, namely Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, assigned to “P. newtonii” in more recent literature, were misidentified. They are herein described anew as Petropedetes vulpiae sp. nov. Two further new taxa are morphologically similar to other described species. Petropedetes euskircheni sp. nov. is morphologically close to P. parkeri but differs foremost in the smaller size of the femoral glands in adult males. P. juliawurstnerae sp. nov. is morphologically similar to P. perreti and P. cameronensis. It can be distinguished from P. perreti by its less developed webbing and from P. cameronensis by the size of its tympanum and the occurrence of a tympanic papilla in males. A key to adult males of the currently known Central African Petropedetes species is given and an outlook on potential further new taxa is provided.
A new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Bisetocreagris from China (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae)
Authors: YING JIA , YONG-WEI ZHAO , MING-SHENG ZHU
Published: November 2018

Pseudoscorpions were first reported in China when Balzan (1892) recorded Chelifer (Chelifer) pekinensis Balzan (since removed to the genus Withius Kew (Beier, 1932)) and Microcreagris gigas Balzan. Schawaller (1995) reviewed the state of knowledge of the pseudoscorpion fauna of China (excluding Taiwan) and cited 47 taxa. Song (1996) recorded five soil pseudoscorpions, with simple descriptions and illustrations, some of which have been transferred to other genera or synonymized. Since then, there have been few papers about the systematics of Chinese pseudoscorpions, except for the ten new cave-dwelling species described by Mahnert (2003) and Mahnert (2009). To date, 63 species and 7 subspecies have been reported in China (including Taiwan and Tibet) (Harvey, 2009, Mahnert, 2009). Obviously, this diversity pales in comparison to the nearly 3400 species known globally and must represent only a fraction of the true diversity considering the huge area of China. Therefore, further investigations of pseudoscorpion taxonomy from the vast and remote areas of China are badly needed.
The first record of the genus Bryodelphax (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Easter Island, Rapa Nui (Pacific Ocean, Chile) with the description of a new species, Bryodelphax aaseae
Authors: KRISTENSEN REINHARDT M. , MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ
Published: November 2018

A new heterotardigrade, Bryodelphax aaseae sp. nov. is described from a small moss sample collected in the Rano Kau Crater on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in 1989. The new species belongs to the group of species within the genus that have ventral plates. B. aaseae sp. nov. is similar to B. weglarskae (Pilato, 1972), B. sinensis (Pilato, 1974) and B. iohannis Bertolani, Guidi & Rebecchi, 1995 but differs from them mainly by a different number and arrangement of ventral plates. This is the first record of the genus Bryodelphax from Easter Island/Rapa Nui.
A new species of Pimelodus LaCépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio Itacaiunas, rio Tocantins basin, Brazil
Authors: ROCHA MARCELO SALLES , RIBEIRO FRANK RAYNNER V.
Published: November 2018

Pimelodus luciae is described from rio Itacaiunas, rio Tocantins basin. The new species exhibits a unique spotted pigmentation pattern for Pimelodidae. Pimelodus luciae differs further from remaining valid Pimelodus species by the following combination of characters: the relatively short distance between the posterior nostril and the anterior orbital border; dorsal surface of the supraoccipital process rounded; horizontal orbital diameter greater than interorbital distance; and distal portion of dorsal fin hyaline. Pimelodus luciae is known only from the type-locality.
Oriental bamboo delphacid planthoppers: three new species of genus Kakuna Matsumura (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: CHEN XIANG-SHENG , YANG LIN
Published: November 2018

Three new species of the Oriental bamboo delphacid planthopper genus Kakuna Matsumura (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini), K. lii sp. nov. (Guizhou: Jiangkou, Suiyang, Daozhen), K. nonspina sp. nov. (Guizhou: Jiangkou, Leishan) and K. zhongtuana sp. nov. (Guizhou: Leishan, Suiyang, Daozhen, Libo), are described and illustrated from southwestern China. The generic characteristics are redefined. A checklist and a key to species of genus Kakuna are provided.
Systematic reassessments of fanged frogs from China and adjacent regions (Anura: Dicroglossidae)
Authors: MATSUI MASAFUMI , KURAISHI NORIHIRO , JIANG JIAN-PING , OTA HIDETOSHI , HAMIDY AMIR , ORLOV NIKOLAI L. , NISHIKAWA KANTO
Published: November 2018

Systematic relationships of fanged frogs usually associated with Limnonectes kuhlii are assessed using 15 samples from Japan, Chinese Mainland and Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia (Borneo), and Indonesia. Phylogenetic relationship inferred from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, tRNA val , and 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that fanged frogs sampled are not monophyletic with the topotypic L. kuhlii from Java. Samples from Yunnan of southern China (L. bannaensis), northern Laos and central Vietnam, and those from Jiangxi of eastern China (L. fujianensis), Taiwan and Japan (L. namiyei), respectively, form monophyletic groups, and are collectively sister to the Thai sample (L. megastomias). All these samples, L. fragilis from Hainan of southern China, and a group of Bornean samples show unresolved relationships with Javanese L. kuhlii. From the resultant phylogeny and genetic distances found among samples, L. "kuhlii" from Taiwan and L. fujianensis, and L. "kuhlii" from northern Laos and central Vietnam and L. bannaensis, respectively, are surmised to be conspecific. These fanged frogs are morphologically similar to, but phylogenetically distant from, L. kuhlii sensu stricto. Limnonectes namiyei, L. fujianensis, and L. bannaensis are considered to have a common ancestor whose chromosome number was 2n=22, unlike L. fragilis, L. kuhlii and many other frogs with 2n=26 chromosomes.
A new genus, Protaustrosimulium, for four species of Australian black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: CURRIE DOUGLAS C. , CRAIG DOUGLAS A. , MOULTON JOHN K.
Published: November 2018

Protaustrosimulium n. gen. is described for four species: two previously named species from southeastern Australia—Paracnephia pilfreyi (Davies & Györkös 1988) and Paracnephia terebrans (Tonnoir 1925)—plus two newly described ones from the southwestern-most corner of Western Australia—Prot. amphorum n. sp. and Prot. opscurum n. sp. Molecular and morphological data suggest a close relationship between members of the new genus and Austrosimulium Tonnoir 1925. Monophyly of Protaustrosimulium is supported mainly by characters of adult females, as two of the four species are known only in that life stage. Two species groups are recognized: the pilfreyi-group for Prot. pilfreyi and Prot. amphorum, and the terebrans-group for Prot. terebrans and Prot. opscurum. The constituent species in each group are distributed vicariously in southeastern and southwestern Australia—a common biogeographical pattern in Australian simuliids.
Modeling of Cloud Microphysics: Can We Do Better?
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Morrison Hugh , Shima Shin-Ichiro , Abade Gustavo C. , Dziekan Piotr , Pawlowska Hanna
Published: November 2018

Representation of cloud microphysics is a key aspect of simulating clouds. From the early days of cloud modeling, numerical models have relied on an Eulerian approach for all cloud and thermodynamic and microphysics variables. Over time the sophistication of microphysics schemes has steadily increased, from simple representations of bulk masses of cloud and rain in each grid cell, to including different ice particle types and bulk hydrometeor concentrations, to complex schemes referred to as bin or spectral schemes that explicitly evolve the hydrometeor size distributions within each model grid cell. As computational resources grow, there is a clear trend toward wider use of bin schemes, including their use as benchmarks to develop and test simplified bulk schemes. We argue that continuing on this path brings fundamental challenges difficult to overcome. The Lagrangian particle-based probabilistic approach is a practical alternative in which the myriad of cloud and precipitation particles present in a natural cloud is represented by a judiciously selected ensemble of point particles called superdroplets or superparticles. The advantages of the Lagrangian particle-based approach when compared to the Eulerian bin methodology are explained, and the prospects of applying the method to more comprehensive cloud simulations—for instance, targeting deep convection or frontal cloud systems—are discussed.
Why Does Deep Convection Have Different Sensitivities to Temperature Perturbations in the Lower versus Upper Troposphere?
Authors: Tian Yang , Kuang Zhiming
Published: November 2018

Previous studies have documented that deep convection responds more strongly to above-the-cloud-base temperature perturbations in the lower troposphere than to those in the upper troposphere, a behavior that is important to the dynamics of large-scale moist flows, such as convectively coupled waves. A number of factors may contribute to this differing sensitivity, including differences in buoyancy, vertical velocity, and/or liquid water content in cloud updrafts in the lower versus upper troposphere. Quantifying the contributions from these factors can help to guide the development of convective parameterization schemes. We tackle this issue by tracking Lagrangian particles embedded in cloud-resolving simulations within a linear response framework. The results show that both the differences in updraft buoyancy and vertical velocity play a significant role, with the vertical velocity being the more important, and the effect of liquid water content is only secondary compared to the other two factors. These results indicate that cloud updraft vertical velocities need to be correctly modeled in convective parameterization schemes in order to properly account for the differing convective sensitivities to temperature perturbations at different heights of the free troposphere.
Inclusive and emancipatory approaches to occupational therapy practice in substance-use contexts
Authors: Godoy-Vieira Aline , Soares Cassia Baldini , Cordeiro Luciana , Campos Célia Maria Sivalli
Published: November 2018

Background.

Occupational therapy practice is enhanced through clear understanding of its epistemological foundations. In the area of substance use, practices are strongly functionalist.

Purpose.

This study unearths epistemologies through analyzing practices addressing the social needs of clients with problematic substance use.

Method.

This study used an exploratory qualitative approach and was based on Marxist philosophies. Qualitative interviews were conducted with nine occupational therapists experienced in working with substance users. Data were analyzed through a dialectic approach to content analysis based on the Marxist theory of labour process.

Findings.

The occupational therapy practices were found to follow common principles: clients are agents of transformation in health processes; creativity is a strong element of practice and underlies the whole therapeutic process; and conditions of social reproduction compose the object of occupational therapy (i.e., what is transformed through occupational therapy practices). Two different approaches using these principles were uncovered according to the labour-process purposes: inclusive and emancipatory.

Implications.

Systematization of practices based on epistemological foundations strengthens occupational therapists’ ability to link actions to theories.
A framework for occupational enablement to facilitate social change in community practice
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Elize
Published: November 2018

Background.

Community practice in occupational therapy is becoming increasingly relevant worldwide. Moreover, a social-change approach focusing on occupational enablement is pertinent in community practice as occupational therapists endeavour to promote health, well-being, and occupational justice in communities.

Purpose.

Drawing on theory from the fields of community development, community engagement, and occupational enablement, and based on the findings of a previous empirical, qualitative study, a framework for occupational enablement in community practice was developed.

Key Issues.

This article presents the background to the development of the framework, after which the framework is introduced and discussed in terms of the composition, relevance, and application of its components. The framework details outcomes and objectives that may be targeted and activities that may be utilized successfully during occupational therapy community practice engagements. It further illuminates facilitators of enablement related to contextual factors, stakeholders, and strategies that enhance the potential for enabling community practice engagements.

Implications.

This framework can provide a strategic management guideline for occupational therapists and students who engage with communities in endeavours such as community development and service learning.
Christ’s Πίστις vs. Caesar’s Fides: Πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians and the Roman Imperial Cult
Authors: Lee Sang Mok
Published: November 2018

This study examines the meaning of πίστις Χριστοῦ with respect to the political and religious situations of Paul’s Galatian recipients, including the issue of circumcision. When the apostle sent his letter to the Galatian churches, the Gentile believers were returning to the Roman imperial cult; by doing so, they were accepting the emperor as the ultimate authority and benefactor and incorporated into the reciprocity of fides. Through πίστις Χριστοῦ, our apostle criticised and superseded this Roman imperial ideology and the imperial cult. Paul’s πίστις Χριστοῦ was intended to advocate Christ’s faithfulness in opposition to Caesar’s faithfulness. He exhorted the recipients to live in a relationship of πίστις with Christ, not Caesar. Christ’s faithfulness and ‘the believer’s faith in Christ’ are not mutually exclusive. Paul deliberately intended the ambivalence of the Greek phrase to denote the reciprocal πίστις between Christ and the believer. The apostle defined the believer’s relationship with both the Jewish tradition and the Roman Empire concurrently.
Understanding the Criminogenic Properties of Vacant Housing: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Porter Lauren C. , De Biasi Alaina , Mitchell Susanne , Curtis Andrew , Jefferis Eric
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

Abandoned houses may attract or generate crime; however, little is known about the nature of this relationship. Our study is aimed at better understanding this link.

Methods:

Focusing on a high-crime neighborhood in Ohio, we use spatial video and calls for service (CFS) to examine how crime changed on streets where abandoned homes were removed. We also draw on the insights of 35 ex-offenders, police officers, and residents to examine how and why abandoned houses are connected to crime in this locale.

Results:

On average, streets where abandoned houses were razed accounted for a lower proportion of neighborhood crime after removal. Also, a lower proportion of total CFS from these streets related to serious crime. Our narrative data indicate that abandoned houses are opportunistic because they provide cover, unoccupied spaces, and are easy targets.

Conclusions:

The removal of abandoned housing was associated with positive changes in crime overall; however, our approach revealed interesting variation across streets. We surmise that the relevance of a particular abandoned house may be contingent on the larger context of that street or neighborhood. In order to understand these dynamics, future research should continue to “drill down” into micro-spaces.
Gender differences in the order of appearance of elbow ossification centres
Authors: Goodwin SJ , Irwin LJ , Irwin GJ
Published: November 2018

Background

The predictable order of appearance of elbow secondary ossification centres in children is important in interpreting elbow radiographs, most commonly in the context of trauma. The usual sequence of appearance of these ossification centres is given by the acronym CRITOL, but exceptions have been described and are recognised as normal variants.

Aim

To investigate the extent to which the appearance of the elbow secondary ossification centres follows a predictable sequence, and to establish the incidence of exceptions to the usual CRITOL order.

Methods

Two-stage retrospective review of 421 elbow radiographs in children at our centre.

Results

Of 64 children with two visible ossification centres, there was a 23% overall variant incidence (49 CR, 15 CI). Twenty-eight children had four visible ossification centres, with an overall variant incidence of 32% (19 CRIT, 9 CRIO). The variants were significantly more common in girls than in boys ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Whilst the majority of radiographs remained consistent with the described CRITOL sequence, variance in this order was seen in a quarter of children with two visible ossification centres, and a third of children with four visible ossification centres. Incidence of variance was much more common in girls, reaching statistical significance. Awareness of these normal variations, particularly in girls, should help to avoid misinterpretation.
Getting the Within Estimator of Cross-Level Interactions in Multilevel Models with Pooled Cross-Sections: Why Country Dummies (Sometimes) Do Not Do the Job
Authors: Giesselmann Marco , Schmidt-Catran Alexander W.
Published: November 2018

Multilevel models with persons nested in countries are increasingly popular in cross-country research. Recently, social scientists have started to analyze data with a three-level structure: persons at level 1, nested in year-specific country samples at level 2, nested in countries at level 3. By using a country fixed-effects estimator, or an alternative equivalent specification in a random-effects framework, this structure is increasingly used to estimate within-country effects in order to control for unobserved heterogeneity. For the main effects of country-level characteristics, such estimators have been shown to have desirable statistical properties. However, estimators of cross-level interactions in these models are not exhibiting these attractive properties: as algebraic transformations show, they are not independent of between-country variation and thus carry country-specific heterogeneity. Monte Carlo experiments consistently reveal the standard approaches to within estimation to provide biased estimates of cross-level interactions in the presence of an unobserved correlated moderator at the country level. To obtain an unbiased within-country estimator of a cross-level interaction, effect heterogeneity must be systematically controlled. By replicating a published analysis, we demonstrate the relevance of this extended country fixed-effects estimator in research practice. The intent of this article is to provide advice for multilevel practitioners, who will be increasingly confronted with the availability of pooled cross-sectional survey data.
Shi Tiesheng and the Nature of the Human
Authors: Starr Chloë
Published: November 2018

This article approaches the contours of contemporary intellectual faith through the work of Shi Tiesheng (d. 2012). Shi is best known in China as a “disabled writer,” while the theological depths of his writings on fate, life, and faith have rarely been the focus of attention. The article focuses on Shi’s representation of the human across his fiction and nonfiction writings, arguing that the more explicitly religious nonfiction toward the end of his career offers a philosophical commentary on his earlier stories, and that his non-orthodox interpretations of Christian ideas provide important insight into the spiritual quests of Chinese intellectuals.
Should Declining Firms Be Aggressive During the Retrenchment Process?
Authors: Barbero Jose Luis , Martínez Jose Antonio , Moreno Ana Maria
Published: November 2018

In this study, we test the effects of retrenchment aggressiveness on turnaround performance. Using the downward-spiral, threat–rigidity, and survivor syndrome perspectives, we hypothesize the direct effects of the two dimensions of aggressiveness—time aggressiveness and volume aggressiveness—on turnaround performance. We also examine the moderation effect of time aggressiveness on the relationship between volume aggressiveness and turnaround performance. We use data on a sample of declining firms collected from the Compustat North America database and use a matched-pair sample of 494 surviving and nonsurviving firms between the years 1990 and 2010. Our results show that time aggressiveness has a positive effect on turnaround performance, whereas volume aggressiveness has a negative effect. We also find that time aggressiveness positively moderates the negative relationship between volume aggressiveness and turnaround performance. We contribute to the scant but critical literature indicating the importance of time in a turnaround setting and to the long-held discussion of retrenchment as a cause of turnaround or a consequence of decline.
As KM evolves, so will the ISO standard
Authors: Corney Paul J
Published: November 2018

In this article, Paul J Corney will argue that with the release of ISO Standard 30401 Knowledge & Information Management (KIM) Professionals now have a key component on the KIM practitioner’s pathway to corporate legitimacy.
Tetrandrine inhibits the proliferation and cytokine production induced by IL-22 in HaCaT cells
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhuo , Chen Siwei
Published: November 2018

Objective

To investigate the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on HaCaT cell proliferation and cytokine expression induced by interleukin (IL)-22, and to investigate the underlying mechanism.

Methods

The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and antiproliferation effects of Tet on IL-22-treated HaCaT cells were analysed by MTT assay. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3) expression was measured by reverse transcription plus real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and by Western blot. Phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 levels were also measured by Western blot. Cytokine production by HaCaT cells was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following administration of IL-22 and/or Tet.

Results

Tet displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HaCaT cell proliferation and reduced the phosphorylation level of STAT3 induced by IL-22, without affecting STAT3 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, co-incubation with Tet significantly down-regulated HaCaT cell production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-20 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) induced by IL-22.

Conclusions

Tet inhibits proliferation and cytokine production in HaCaT cells, and the process may involve the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation.
Data management for discharging patients
Authors: Calisti A. , Carluccio G. , Olivo G. , Poletti G. , Lotto A.
Published: November 2018

In modern ward organisation, data management for discharging patients is important. The formulation and coding of the diagnosis at discharge, of treatment and follow-up are the basic elements of this process. In this paper we underline some aspects about the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for the most possible rational coding.
Management of image information
Authors: D'Attoma N. , Pavan P.L. , Bertocco M. , Dompieri P.
Published: November 2018

Medical imaging has become a major investigation tool during the last few years, due to availability of several digitalised imaging modalities (Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance, etc.). Interest has grown in medical image management by appropriate information systems. These processing tools defined PACS - systems of acquisition, storage, transmission and communication - must be integrated on the one hand with the RIS - radiological information system (patient, appointment procedure) - and on the other hand with the HIS - hospital information system - to offer sufficient advantages to justify their installation.