bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores relacionados a la automedicación en la población estudiantil de enfermería y obstetricia en la Universidad Privada de Huancayo en el período 2012.
Authors: Andamayo Flores Diana Esmeralda , Castillo Andamayo Diana , Junchaya Yllescas Vilma Amparo , Espinoza Castillo D. , Canales Tupac M.
Published: August 2020

La automedicación puede ser deﬁnida de forma genérica como la administración por decisión propia, o por consejo no cualiﬁcado, de medicamentos para aliviar un síntoma o curar una enfermedad. La automedicación representa un problema más complejo ya que entran aspectos atribuibles a la población como la educación médica, la cultura, los usos y costumbres, que de alguna manera son inﬂuenciados por el gran aparato de la comercialización con que cuentan las empresas productoras de medicamentos. La investigación consideró determinar los factores relacionados a la automedicación en la población estudiantil de enfermería y obstetricia en la Universidad Privada de Huancayo. El diseño que se empleó responde a la de una investigación por objetivos tomando como referencia la naturaleza de la variable (causa - efecto), empleados en la formulación del problema planteado.De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se aﬁrma que existe automedicación en la población estudiantil, siendo para la carrera de enfermería en un 96.83% y para obstetricia en un 94.12%. Los medicamentos que más se auto medican son los : antibióticos, analgésicos y antiinﬂamatorios en porcentajes de 69.04% en los alumnos que estudian enfermería y 66.18% en obstetricia , los procesos patológicos por los que se auto medican son Resfriado común y dolores corporales 47.62% en los alumnos de enfermería y 51.47% en obstetricia. Los medios de comunicación que inﬂuyeron en los alumnos de la Carrera Profesional de Enfermería para auto medicarse fueron: Televisión 64.28 % y para los alumnos de obstetricia en un 60.29%.
LEITURA COMPARTILHADA: UMA PRÁTICA DE LETRAMENTO LITERÁRIO
Authors: Cosson Rildo
Published: August 2020

Enquanto paradigma de ensino de literatura, o letramento literário pressupõe que determinados princípios teóricos e metodológicos sejam observadas nas atividades pedagógicas. Nesse estudo, apresentamos a prática Leitura Compartilhada, uma sequência didática de leitura e escrita de textos em torno de obras literárias, que segue os princípios do letramento literário. Para tanto, além de apresentar e fundamentar os passos dessa prática de ensino, vamos dar um exemplo concreto de como ela pode ser desenvolvida em sala de aula a partir de uma oficina realizada com professores do ensino básico.

Palavras-chave: Letramento literário. Leitura literária. Leitura compartilhada. Ensino de literatura. Prática de ensino.
Mapping Character Position Based Cryptographic algorithm with Numerical Conversions
Authors: Moon MahmudulHasan , Tanim A K M Tanzimul Islam , Shoykot Md. Zillani , Sultan Md. Nahid , Ali U.A. Md. Ehsan , Ali Emran
Published: August 2020

Security of data is the challenging aspects of modern information technology. An improved cryptology algorithm is introduced in this paper to offer comparatively higher security. We divide our message into several blocks as 8bits per block then convert each character into its corresponding positional number, where uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits and special characters are mapped into some range of numbers. Then replace each decimal number into their binary equivalent consisting of 7-bits. Then combine 8 blocks of binary numbers into a single string. After performing some operation on the data, we get the final encrypted message. For decryption, we use same method in reverse way. Taking the decrypted message we perform some basic operation as replacing by binary or equivalent decimal and position then we get the original message back. Though the length of the encrypted message is larger than original message in this proposed algorithm, it offers higher security for the real-time communications
A Graph Based Approach to Prioritization of Software Functional Requirements
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad , Mustapha Aida , Qureshi Sidra , Khan Abdullah , Rahman Atta Ur
Published: August 2020

Requirements prioritization plays important role for a successful requirements implementation. Functional requirements, in specific, represents the specification of behavior between the inputs and outputs. They are prioritized based on the high-level requirements of the system and subsystems functionalities, as well as the type of software, expected users and the type of system where the software is used. Nonetheless, prioritization of functional requirements is very challenging considering a project where the requirements are huge. In practice, prioritization of functional requirements highly depends on stakeholders preference for giving priorities in features selection instead of based on its internal structure and characteristics. This is because the key information in functional requirements concern on business processes, security, performance, data migration and conversion. This paper proposes a graph-based approach for prioritizing functional requirements using directed acyclic graphs for relating requirements with one another on the basis of its importance to overall project and how much it is required for other requirements.The proposed approach is then evaluated in terms of total time estimation to project completion. The experimental results showed that the graph-based approach is able to effectively prioritize functional requirements with lower estimated project completion time as compared to non-prioritized requirements. The approach will help software vendors to deliver projects well within the total project duration
Sistem Informasi Pesediaan Obat Pada Puskesmas Kalumata Berbasis Web
Authors: Sambiu Ikwan Hi , Amir Yusdiana
Published: August 2020

Abstrak : Puskesmas Kalumata Ternate, merupakan salah satu pusat pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat yang berada pada Kalumata kec kota ternate selatan, pada puskesmas tersebut sistem pengolahan data untuk menangani transaksi pembelian dan penjualan, mengontrol persediaan obat di gudang masih menggunakan aplikasi perkantoran yang umum digunakan yaitu Microsoft Office sehingga dianggap kurang efisien. Tujuan Penilitian ini untuk merancang satu sistem informasi persediaan obat yang lebih efektif dan efisien untuk dapat dipergunakan pada Puskesmas Kalumata Ternate, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, studi kepustakaan, bahasa pemrograman PHP, MySQL database yang dijalankan pada Xampp, dengan adanya penelitian ini di harapkan dapat membantu apoteker dalam mengelola data transaksi dan stok obat secara efisien yang ada pada puskesmas kalumata ternate Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi, Persediaan Obat, Website Abstract : Kalumata Health Center Ternate, is one of the community health service centers that are located in the Kalumata district South of ternate city, in the data processing system of clinics to handle transactions of purchase and sales, controlling the supply of drugs in the warehouse are still using Office applications commonly used Microsoft Office so that it is considered less efficient. The goal of research is to design a drug that supplies information systems more effective and efficient to be used at healt center Kalumata Ternate. Data collection methods used are observation, interview, literature study, PHP programming language, MySQL database running on Xampp. the existence of this study expect may assist the pharmacist in managing data transaction and stock medicines efficiently on Healt Center kalumata TernateKeywords: Information Systems, Medical Supplies, Website
Sistem Informasi Data Pegawai Berbasis Web Pada Kementerian Kelautan Dan Perikanan Kota Ternate
Authors: Abdurahman Muhdar
Published: August 2020

Abstrak : Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Nusantara Ternate merupakan salah satu instansi pemerintah yang ada pada kota ternate pada bidang Kelautan dan Perikanan, dalam mengelola dan media menyimpan informasi yang berhubungan dengan data, profil dan kegiatan pegawai masih dilakukan secara manual. Pendataan secara manual dianggap tidak efektif serta membutuhkan waktu, di saat melakukan pengecekan dan pencarian data-data pegawai tersebut harus membuka satu persatu Arsip Pegawai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Nusantara Ternate, Sistem yang dirancang berbasis Web sebagai media untuk informasi kepada masyarakat, Bahasa Pemrograman yang digunakan adalah HTML, PHP, CSS dan MySql sebagai database, diharapkan mempermudah Admin dalam mengelola data pegawai secara efesien dan media informasi kepada masyrakat pada Kelautan dan PerikananKata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Data Pegawai, WebAbstract : The Office of the Ministry marine and fisheries of the archipelago Ternate City is one of the Government agencies that are in the city of ternate on the fields of marine and Fisheries. in managing and storing media information related to data, profiles and employee activities are still carried out manually, Manually logging is considered ineffective and takes, at the time of checking and search the employee data should open one by one Employee Archive. This research was conducted in Ministry of marine and fisheries of the archipelago Ternate City, Web-based system designed as a medium for information to the public, The programming language used is HTML, CSS, PHP and MySql as a database, expected to facilitate Admin in managing employee data are efficiently and media information to communities on marine and FisheriesKeywords : Information System, Employee Data, Website
Sistem Informasi Pengajuan Pembuatan Kartu Kerluarga Berbasis Web Pada Kantor Catatan Sipil Kota Ternate
Authors: Umagapi Darman
Published: August 2020

Abstrak : Penilitian ini dilakukan untuk Pelayanan pembuatan Kartu keluarga berbasis website pada Kantor Catatan Sipil Kota Ternate. Tujuan penilitian ini adalah untuk merancang sistem informasi yang dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi penduduk dalam Pengajuan Membuat Kartu Keluarga pada Kantor Catatan Sipil Kota Ternate secara efisien. Jenis data penelitian adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Kantor Catatan Sipil, melalui dokumentasi, metode analisis dan pengembangan sistem yang digunkan adalah metode Terstruktur, metode pendekatan Buttom-Up dan metode Prototype perancangan sistem informasi pengajuan pembuatan Kartu Keluarga berbasis web ini menggunakan bahasa pemograman HTML, PHP dan MySql sebagai Databasenya. Pengguna adaya sistem ini diharapkan mempermudah user dalam pengajuan pembuatan Kartu Keluarga.Kata kunci : Sistem Informasi, Pengajuan, Kartu Keluarga, berbasis WebsiteAbstract : This research was conducted for website-based family card making service at ternate city civil registry office. The purpose of this study is to design an information system that can provide convenience for residents in the filing of making family cards at the civil registry office of ternate city efficiently. The type of research data is secondary data obtained from the office of civil registry, through documentation, method of analysis and system development used is structured method, button-up approach method and prototype method of designing information system of web-based card-making application using html programming language, php and mysql as its database. Users adaya this system is expected to facilitate the user in filing the family card.Keywords: Information System, Submission, Family Card, Website
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Lampu Listrik Menggunakan Remote Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega 8535
Authors: Abdullah Muksin Hi
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah merancang sistem kontrol lampu menggunakan remote untuk menyalakan dan memadamkan lampu, Penelitian ini dilakukan pada ruangan Direktur Akademi Ilmu Komputer (AIKOM) Ternate, Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Pustaka, Observasi, serta Rancangan Alat, Bahasa Pemrograman yang digunakan adalah Bahasa C, Perancangan alat terdiri dari pembuatan alat pengontol lampu dan komponen yang menunjang kerja sistem seperti Sistem pengontrol, Mikrokontroler ATMega 8535, relay, remote, dan lampu. Sistem control lampu yang dioperasikan dengan menggunakan remote control untuk menggerakkan relay sehingga lampu yang terhubung akan menyala dan padam. Remote control tersebut terhubung dengan receiver yang ada pada mikrokontroler, dengan menekan tombol B, maka lampu menyala/hidup dan ketika menekan tombol A, dan lampu padam melalui sistem control, dengan adanya sistem ini mempermudah sesorang untuk menyalakan dan memadamkan lampu yang lebih praktis tanpa harus mendekati stop kontak pada Ruangan Direktur Akademi Ilmu Komputer (AIKOM) Ternate.Kata kunci: Rancang, Sistem Kontrol Listrik, Mikrokontroler ATMega 8535Abstract: The purpose of this research is to design control systems using the remote to turn on the lights and extinguishes the lights, This research was conducted in room Director of Akademi Ilmu Komputer (AIKOM) Ternate, The research method used is the method of Library, observation, as well as the draft tool, the programming language used is C language, The design of the tool consists of the manufacture of tool control system,  lights and components that support the work of the system such as System controllers, Mikrokontroler ATMega 8535, relay, remote, and lights, Light control system which is operated by using the remote control to move the relay so that the connected lamp will turn on and off, A remote control is connected with the receiver on the microcontroller, by pressing the button B then the lights on/living and when pressing the button A and the light turns off through the system control. the existence of this system make it easier someone to ignite and extinguish the lamp more practical without having to approach the stop contact at Room Director Akademi Ilmu Komputer (AIKOM) TernateKeywords: Design, Electric Controll System, Microcontroller ATMega 8535
Sistem Keamanan Ruangan Laboratorium Politeknik Sains dan Teknologi Wiratama Maluku Utara Menggunakan Sensor PIR (Passive Infra Red) dengan Metode Pengembangan Prototyping Berbasis Mikrokontroller ATmega328
Authors: Albar Basri , Ambarita Arisandy , Ibrahim Adelina
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang suatu sistem keamanan tambahan untuk mencegah tindak kejahatan di ruangan laboratorium komputer Politeknik Sains dan Teknologi Wiratama Maluku Utara. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode prototype. Pembuatan sistem keamanan dengan memanfaatkan mikrokontroler ATmega328 (atau dikenal dengan nama Arduino Uno R3) yang diaplikasikan dengan variasi input berupa sensor PIR dan output-nya berupa buzzer dan lampu LED. Sensor PIR digunakan untuk mendeteksi perubahan suhu akibat adanya pergerakan tubuh manusia. Perubahan nilai suhu yang dideteksi oleh sensor PIR yang berlogika high kemudian diproses oleh Arduino Uno yang akhirnya mengeluarkan sinyal output berupa bunyi alarm pada buzzer dan indikator pada lampu LED. Dengan adanya sistem keamanan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan ruangan dari tindak kejahatan dan mengurangi tindak kriminalitas pada laboratorium Politeknik Sains dan Teknologi Wiratama Maluku UtaraKata kunci: Sistem Keamanan, Model Prototyping, Sensor PIR, Mikrokontroler ATmega328Abstract: This study aims to design an additional security system to prevent crime in the computer laboratory room of Politeknik Sains dan Teknologi Wiratama Maluku Utara. The system development method used in this study is the prototype method. Making a security system by utilizing the ATmega328 microcontroller (otherwise known as Arduino Uno R3) is applied with a variety of inputs in the form of a PIR sensor and its output in the form of buzzers and LED lights. PIR sensors are used to detect temperature changes due to the movement of the human body. Changes in temperature values detected by PIR sensors which are high logic are then processed by Arduino Uno which finally outputs an output signal in the form of an alarm on the buzzer and an indicator on the LED light. The existence of this security system is expected to improve the security of the room from crime and reduce criminal acts in the laboratory Politeknik Sains dan Teknologi Wiratama Maluku Utara.Keywords: Security System, Prototyping Model, PIR Sensor, ATmega328 Microcontroller
Sistem Informasi Penerimaan Berkas Badan Usaha Jasa Konstruksi pada Lembaga Pengembangan Jasa Konstruksi (LPJK) Provinsi Maluku Utara
Authors: Ningrum Tri Hardiah , Umar M.Kasyif G , . Subhan
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi Sistem informasi pada saat ini menjadi suatu pendukung dalam suatu kegiatan atau pekerjaan. Keberadaan sistem informasi sudah menjadi kebutuhan dasar bagi suatu instansi dalam segala aspek aktifitas. Sistem informasi juga berperan sebagai alat bantu dalam menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan yang ada dalam lingkungan pekerjaan. Tujuan dari pembuatan sistem informasi penerimaan berkas badan usaha jasa konstruksi LPJK Provinsi Maluku, tersebut untuk mempermudah user dan membantu staf dalam pengelolaan data berkas di kantor LPJK. Proses pembuatannya mengunakan Bahasa Pemogramaan visual basic.net dan Microsoft access sebagai databasenya dalam pembuatan sertifikasi berkas badan usaha, berkas registrasi tahun ke-2 dan berkas registrasi tahun ke-3, berkas perpanjangan serta berkas perubahan. Dan dikembangkan sistem informasi penerimaan berkas badan usaha jasa konstruksi yang memungkinkan user tidak kesulitan dalam mengelola berkas, dari mulai penginputan data berkas. Sehingga dengan adanya sistem informasi ini, proses penerimaan berkas badan usaha jasa konstruksi sudah tidak lagi dilakukan secara konvensional seperti yang pernah diterapkan sebelumnya.Kata Kunci: Sistem Informasi, Penerimaan Berkas, Visual Basic.NetAbstract: The development of technology Information systems at this time become a supporter in an activity or job. The existence of an information system has become an essential requirement for an agency in all aspects of operations. The information system also serves as a tool in solving a problem that exists in the work environment. The purpose of making information systems for acceptance of the LPJK construction service company in Maluku Province is to facilitate users and assist staff in managing file data at the LPJK office. The manufacturing process uses Visual Basic.net programming language and Microsoft Access as its database in making certification of business entity files, registration files for the second year and registration files for the third year, extension files and amendment files. And developed a filing receipt service information system construction service business that allows users no difficulty in managing files, from inputting file data. So with the existence of this information system, the process of receiving construction service business entity files is no longer carried out conventionally as previously appliedKeywords: Information Systems, File Receipts Visual Basic.Net
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Menejemen Sarana Dan Prasarana Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter Pada Akademi Ilmu Komputer Ternate
Authors: Jafar Ratna , Abdullah Muksin Hi , Safi Mudar
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana sangat penting karena dengan adanya pengelolaan sarana prasarana yang ada di lembaga pendidikan akan terpelihara dan jelas kegunaannya. Dalam pengelolaannya suatu instansi harus dapat bertanggung jawab terhadap sarana prasarana sehingga diharapkan akan berdampak positif terhadap seluruh keberlangsungan mahasiswa dalam proses belajar mengajar dan agar tujuan pendidikan dapat tercapai secara efektif dan efisien, maka para penyelenggara pendidikan perlu berusaha untuk terus-menerus meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman. Banyaknya fasilitas dan keperluan dimana satu sama lain saling berkaitan dan harus terorganisir dengan baik maka informasi tentang administrasi sebenarnya dapat diposting dalam sebuah media sehingga dapat diakses oleh semua orang/mahasiswa ataupun satker lain melalui internet, sehingga memberikan ide bagi penulis untuk membuat suatu website dengan menggunakan pemrograman PHP dan MySQL sebagai basis datanya dilengkapi dengan Framework Codeigniter dengan tujuan dapat memberikan kemudahan pihak manajemen  AIKOM Ternate dalam mengelola sarana dan prasarana, sehingga mempermudah proses pelaporan nantinyaKata Kunci: Framework Codeigniter, PHPMyAdmin, MySQL, Xampp, AIKOM TernateAbstract: Management of facilities and infrastructure is critical because there are infrastructure management facilities available in educational institutions that will be maintained and their use bright. In its management there must be accountability for infrastructure so that it must have a positive impact on the sustainability of students in the teaching and learning process and so that educational goals can be effectively and efficiently improved, organizers need the education needed to continuously improve the quality of education by the rescue of the times. There are so many facilities and needs where each other is interrelated and must be well organized, information about administration can be posted on media that can be accessed by all people/students or other work units through the internet, thus providing ideas for writers to create a site web using PHP and MySQL programming as a database equipped with a Codeigniter Framework to provide the ease of management of AIKOM Ternate in managing facilities and infrastructure, thereby facilitating the resulting reporting processKeywords: Codeigniter Framework, PHPMyAdmin, MySQL, Xampp, AIKOM Ternate
Risk Analysis for the Sustainable Hydropower Development in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Som
Published: August 2020

Development of hydropower projects involves a large amount of initial investment. Unlike other construction projects, hydropower projects are riskier to undertake since, the projects are large in size, linear in nature and involve many parties and stakeholders. The projects are facing cost overrun, schedule slippage, environmental, and social problems due to the various risk factors associated with the projects, which have to be identified and analysed so that the issues can be mitigated for the sustainable hydropower development in the country. This research involved identification and analysis of risk factors, which led to cost overrun and impact on the social and ecological environment due to the development of hydropower. The risk factors were identified through a questionnaire survey to the experts and literature review. The identified risks were analysed qualitatively considering both the probability of occurrence of the risk and its impact on the project and were prioritised with the help of P-I Matrix, also known as Look-Up table. The survey results revealed that the critical risk factors for the sustainable hydropower development are land acquisition problem, public disorder, adverse geological conditions, resettlement and rehabilitation, flooding, change in laws and regulations, labour disputes and strikes, and sedimentation problem. This study shall be helpful to the developers and project managers to have a better risk response plan for sustainable hydropower project development.
Most common accidents and best safety strategies to reduce accidents in Northern Iraq construction projects
Authors: Ali Shivan Jalal
Published: August 2020

Worldwide, the construction sector is one of the riskiest sectors. Although reducing accidents is not easy, but it is possible at the same time. To design solutions to prevent accidents, it is essential to know the most common accidents and also to get the opinion of people with experience. Knowing these things will allow effective strategies to be designed based on the causes and the common accidents compared to the current safety system will result in an effective safety method to be undertaken. This paper identifies the most common accidents in Northern Iraq construction projects and identifies and examines practical ways to reduce accidents that ensure good safety performance. The study has been conducted by applying a questionnaire to collect data from stockholders about how effective ways have shown promising results in reducing accidents. On this basis, it suggests the best strategies to be undertaken. The results of the current study illustrated that the most common accidents in construction projects are falling from heights, struck-by accidents in highway construction and also found effective ways to reduce accidents in construction projects in general and highway projects as well.
Shipping emissions in the Iberian Peninsula and the impacts on air quality
Authors: Nunes Rafael A. O. , Alvim-Ferraz Maria C. M. , Martins Fernando G. , Calderay-Cayetano Fátima , Durán-Grados Vanessa , Moreno-Gutiérrez Juan , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Hannuniemi Hanna , Sousa Sofia I. V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Marine traffic has been identified as a relevant source
of pollutants, which cause known negative effects on air quality. The
Iberian Peninsula is a central point in the connection of shipping traffic
between the Americas, Africa, and the rest of Europe. To estimate the
effects of shipping emissions inland and around the Iberian Peninsula, the EMEP/MSC-W model was run considering and not considering shipping emissions
(obtained with STEAM3). Total estimated emissions of CO, CO2,
SOx, NOx, and particulate matter (subdivided into elementary carbon – EC, organic carbon – OC, sulfate, and ash) for the study domain in 2015
were respectively 49, 30 000, 360, 710, 4.5, 11,
32, and 3.3 kt yr−1. Shipping emissions increased
SO2 and NO2 concentrations, especially near port areas, and also
increased the O3, sulfate, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and
PM10) concentrations over the entire Iberian Peninsula coastline
(especially in the south coastal region). Shipping emissions were
responsible for exceedances of WHO air quality guidelines for PM2.5 in
areas far from the coastline, which confirms that shipping emissions can
contribute negatively to air quality, both in coastal and inland areas.
Influences of hydroxyl radicals (OH) on top-down estimates of the global and regional methane budgets
Authors: Zhao Yuanhong , Saunois Marielle , Bousquet Philippe , Lin Xin , Berchet Antoine , Hegglin Michaela I. , Canadell Josep G. , Jackson Robert B. , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Ramonet Michel , Worthy Doug , Zheng Bo
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH), which is the dominant sink of methane (CH4),
plays a key role in closing the global methane budget. Current top-down
estimates of the global and regional CH4 budget using 3D models usually
apply prescribed OH fields and attribute model–observation mismatches almost
exclusively to CH4 emissions, leaving the uncertainties due to
prescribed OH fields less quantified. Here, using a variational Bayesian
inversion framework and the 3D chemical transport model LMDz, combined with
10 different OH fields derived from chemistry–climate models (Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative, or CCMI, experiment), we evaluate the influence of OH burden, spatial distribution,
and temporal variations on the global and regional CH4 budget. The
global tropospheric mean CH4-reaction-weighted [OH] ([OH]GM-CH4)
ranges 10.3–16.3×105 molec cm−3 across 10 OH fields
during the early 2000s, resulting in inversion-based global CH4
emissions between 518 and 757  Tg yr−1. The uncertainties in CH4
inversions induced by the different OH fields are similar to the CH4
emission range estimated by previous bottom-up syntheses and larger than the
range reported by the top-down studies. The uncertainties in emissions
induced by OH are largest over South America, corresponding to large
inter-model differences of [OH] in this region. From the early to the late
2000s, the optimized CH4 emissions increased by 22±6  Tg yr−1
(17–30  Tg yr−1), of which ∼25  % (on average) offsets
the 0.7  % (on average) increase in OH burden. If the CCMI models represent
the OH trend properly over the 2000s, our results show that a higher
increasing trend of CH4 emissions is needed to match the CH4
observations compared to the CH4 emission trend derived using constant
OH. This study strengthens the importance of reaching a better representation
of OH burden and of OH spatial and temporal distributions to reduce the
uncertainties in the global and regional CH4 budgets.
The effect of biological particles and their ageing processes on aerosol radiative properties: Model sensitivity studies
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Khaled Amina , Amato Pierre , Delort Anne-Marie , Ervens Barbara
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Biological aerosol particles (BAPs) such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and pollen, represent a small fraction of the total aerosol burden. However due to their unique properties, they have been suggested to be important in for radiative forcing by the aerosol direct and indirect effects. By means of process model studies, we compare the sensitivity of these radiative effects to various physicochemical BAP properties (e.g. number concentration, diameter, hygroscopicity, surface tension, contact angle between ice and particles). Exceeding previous sensitivity studies, we explore not only the variability of these properties among different BAP types, but also the extent to which chemical (e.g. nitration), physical (e.g. fragmentation) and biological (e.g. bacteria cell generation) ageing processes of BAPs can modify these properties. Our model results lead to a ranking of the various properties for the radiative effects: (i) Given that BAPs contribute ~ 0.1 % to total cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration, their effect on total CCN is likely small. (ii) BAPs number fraction of large particles (diameter > ~ 0.5 μm) is much higher, resulting in a relatively more important effect on direct radiative forcing. (iii) In mixed-phase clouds at T > −10 °C, BAPs can contribute ~ 100 % to ice nuclei (IN), which makes their role as IN the most important. Our study highlights the need of implementing ageing processes of different BAPs into models as BAP size, CCN and IN activity and optical properties may be sufficiently altered to affect BAP's residence time and survival in the atmosphere. In particular, we suggest the potential role of biological processes, that are currently not included in aerosol models due to the sparsity of comprehensive data, could affect physicochemical BAP properties.
A new TROPOMI product for tropospheric NO2 columns over East Asia with explicit aerosol corrections
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Lin Jintai , Kong Hao , Boersma K. Folkert , Eskes Henk , Kanaya Yugo , He Qin , Tian Xin , Qin Kai , Xie Pinhua , Spurr Robert , Ni Ruijing , Yan Yingying , Weng Hongjian , Wang Jingxu
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We present a new product with explicit aerosol corrections, POMINO-TROPOMI,
for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column densities
(VCDs) over East Asia, based on the newly launched TROPOspheric Monitoring
Instrument with an unprecedented high horizontal resolution. Compared to the
official TM5-MP-DOMINO (OFFLINE) product, POMINO-TROPOMI shows stronger
concentration gradients near emission source locations and better agrees
with MAX-DOAS measurements (R2=0.75; NMB=0.8 % versus R2=0.68, NMB=-41.9 %). Sensitivity tests suggest that
implicit aerosol corrections, as in TM5-MP-DOMINO, lead to underestimations
of NO2 columns by about 25 % over the polluted northern East China
region. Reducing the horizontal resolution of a priori NO2 profiles
would underestimate the retrieved NO2 columns over isolated city
clusters in western China by 35 % but with overestimates of more than
50 % over many offshore coastal areas. The effect of a priori NO2
profiles is more important under calm conditions.
Seasonal evolution of winds, atmospheric tides and Reynolds stress components in the Southern hemisphere mesosphere/lower thermosphere in 2019
Authors: Stober Gunter , Janches Diego , Matthias Vivien , Fritts Dave , Marino John , Moffat-Griffin Tracy , Baumgarten Kathrin , Lee Wonseok , Murphy Damian , Kim Yong Ha , Mitchell Nicholas , Palo Scott
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In this study we explore the seasonal variability of the mean winds, diurnal, semidiurnal tidal amplitude and phases as well as the Reynolds stress components during 2019, utilizing meteor radars at six southern hemisphere locations ranging from from mid- to polar latitudes. These include Tierra del Fuego, King Edward Point on South Georgia island, King Sejong Station, Rothera, Davis and McMurdo stations. The year 2019 was exceptional in the southern hemisphere, due to the occurrence of a rare minor stratospheric warming in September. Our results show a substantial longitudinal and latitudinal seasonal variability of mean winds and tides pointing towards a wobbling and asymmetric polar vortex. Furthermore, the derived momentum fluxes and wind variances, utilizing a recently developed algorithm, reveal a characteristic seasonal pattern at each location included in this study. The longitudinal and latitudinal variability of vertical flux of zonal and meridional momentum is discussed in the context of polar vortex asymmetry, spatial and temporal variability, and the longitude and latitude dependence of the vertical propagation conditions of gravity waves. The horizontal momentum fluxes exhibit a rather consistent seasonal structure between the stations while the wind variances indicate a clear seasonal behaviour and altitude dependence showing the largest values at higher altitudes during the hemispheric winter and two variance minima during the equinoxes. Also the hemispheric summer mesopause and the zonal wind reversal can be identified in the wind variances.
Applying artificial snowfall to reduce the melting of the Muz Taw Glacier, Sawir Mountains
Authors: Wang Feiteng , Yue Xiaoying , Wang Lin , Li Huilin , Du Zhencai , Ming Jing , Li Zhongqin
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The glaciers in the Sawir Mountains, Altai area, have been experiencing a
continuing and accelerating ice loss since 1959, although the snowfall is abundant and evenly distributed over the year. As an attempt to reduce
their melting, we carried out two artificial snowfall experiments on the Muz
Taw Glacier during 19–22 August 2018. We measured the albedo and mass
balance at different sites along the glacier before and after the
experiments. Two automatic weather stations (AWSs) were set up at the
equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of the glacier as the target area and the
forefield as the control area to record the precipitation, respectively.
A comparison of the two precipitation records from the two AWSs suggests
that natural precipitation could account for up to 21 % of the snowfall
received by the glacier during the experiments. Because of the snowfalls,
the glacier's surface albedo significantly increased in the middle to upper part;
the average mass loss during 18–24 August (after the experiments) decreased
by between 32 and 41 mm w.e (14 %–17 %) compared to during
12–18 August (before the experiments); and the mass resulting from the snowfall
accounted for between 42 % and 54 % of the total melt during 18–24 August. We also propose a mechanism involving artificial snowfall, albedo, and
mass balance, and the feedbacks describing the role of snowfall in reducing
the melting of the glacier. The current status of the work is primitive as it is a preliminary trial, and the conclusions need more controlling
experiments to validate it against larger spatio-temporal scales in future.
Rol del docente y estudiante en la educación virtual
Authors: Rizo Rodríguez Marlene
Published: August 2020

El avance acelerado de las tecnologías ha ocasionado que en estos tiempos se integren de manera masiva en todos los campos, especialmente en los distintos niveles de la Educación. Este ensayo aborda el rol del docente y estudiante en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, cómo influye el rol del docente para el éxito de la actividad formativa centrada en el estudiante y cómo este con su autonomía puede desarrollar habilidades en el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas y manejo de estrategias que le permitan obtener conocimientos y competencias necesarias en el campo profesional en que se está formando, es decir, el propio educando asume el papel protagónico que implica mucha voluntad para el desarrollo de las actividades y trabajos individuales, así como los compartidos. Lo antes mencionado permite aprovechar las fortalezas de todos los participantes en el proceso de colaboración. Además de ello, se comparte experiencia personal relacionada con el rol desempeñado en la facilitación de cursos virtuales en la UNAN Managua - FAREM Estelí.
Interdisciplinaridade teórico-metodológica: o universo das representações de Peirce e Moscovici
Authors: Stumpf Katiusa
Published: August 2020

Introdução: Apresenta uma abordagem sobre a interdisciplinaridade teórico-metodológica como proposta para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas no âmbito das ciências sociais aplicadas, especificamente: ciência da informação. Neste artigo são abordadas algumas teorias de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, incluindo o pragmatismo semiótico que tem como base a Lógica e a Filosofia, a teoria das representações sociais que surge da Psicologia Social, a Teoria da Construção Social da Realidade vinculada à Sociologia. Objetivo: consistiu em verificar qual a relevância de algumas teorias abordadas conjuntamente na realização de pesquisas no âmbito da Ciência da Informação. Metodologia: Neste artigo destaca-se o pragmatismo semiótico, sendo este apresentado como caminho de leitura e consequente análise dos processos pelos quais os signos são construídos, considerando linguagem como representação. A proposta está fundamentada principalmente no pensamento de Charles Sanders Peirce, tal qual foi analisada em seu conjunto de ideias continuamente revisadas pelo autor no decorrer de sua vida. Esse artigo trata fundamentalmente do estudo de teorias conjuntas, formuladas em áreas do conhecimento diferentes entre si. Conclusão: conclui-se que tais abordagens usadas conjuntamente são possíveis e pertinentes, embora o uso conjunto das teorias envolvidas requeira muito cuidado do autor em seus relacionamentos e propósitos.
Application of a Model of Animals’ Growth to Study Slowly Growing Pigs
Authors: Stass V. L.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate a problem in pig farming by applying results of pigs’ growth modelling. The problem this study deals with is a large amount of variation in weight between animals within groups with growing-finishing pigs with strongly negative effect of slowly growing pigs on farm efficiency. The target is to find out a breeding scheme, which can eliminate the slowly growing phenotype from commercial farms.

This study was carried out by applying a mathematical model. The model is species-specific; it was built to analyse growth of pigs. In the study, the model has not been developed, it was published elsewhere. The model’s results are used to clarify some aspects of pigs’ growth under industrial conditions. The model implies that in the pig, there are three growth phenotypes that have distinct growth performances. In the study, a main theme is variation in weight between growth phenotypes in pigs.

The results of the study suggest that the slowly growing pigs have a certain growth phenotype. A method to identify the phenotype, and a breading scheme to eliminate the slowly growing phenotype from commercial farms are suggested.
Influence of Agro-pastoral Activities on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Karamoja, Uganda
Authors: Muwanga S. , Onwonga R. N. , Keya S. O. , Komutunga E.
Published: August 2020

The land use and/or land cover changes (LULCC) caused mainly by human beings for their benefits play a pivotal role in a global environment, resulting in significant ecosystem changes. Iriiri, Matany and Rengen sub-counties in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda have undergone rapid LULCC in the past three decades. Nevertheless, the extent to which these changes have occurred have not been quantified. Establishing the extent of LULCC in the study area between 1986 and 2015 formed our objective. Supervised LANDSAT image classification for years 1986, 1996, 2005 and 2015 was done using ENVI 4.7 software. The classification resulted into six land use classes; Bareland, Farmland, Woodland, Grassland, Settlement, and Wetland. The area under each LULCC was subjected to a change detection analysis using Arc-GIS (ESRI, 2009) in ten years strata. The results revealed that settlement in Iriiri expanded significantly (p < 0.05) by 71.3%, while farmland increased by 45%. Woodland and grassland significantly (p < 0.05) declined by 68% and 30% respectively. Bareland increased by 56%, while wetland decreased by 54%. Woodland and grassland significant (p < 0.05) shrunk by 87% in Matany and Rengen sub-counties. Farmland expanded significantly (p < 0.05) by 147% and Woodland shrunk significantly (p < 0.05) by 79% in Rengen sub-county. Generally, farmland and settlement increased while woodland and grassland shrunk due increased human population and farming. Expansion of farming is partially due to increased human settlement to pursue agriculture following advocacy by the government of Uganda. The removal of natural vegetation is expected to negatively impact soil quality by exposing it to agents of erosion. However, the extent of these impacts is unknown. Hence, further studies on LULCC and their impact on soil quality at sub-counties level are crucial in guiding land use policy and sustainable management practices in the area.
Transaction Costs and Farm-to-Market Linkages in China: Empirical Evidence from Apple Producers
Authors: Wang Yu , Han Lu , Qi Kunda , Hou Jianyun
Published: August 2020

Using field surgveyed data from two apple production belts in China, this study estimates the impact of transaction costs on smallholders’ market participation and integration. The analysis is based on an innovative measurement of the transaction costs and a disaggregated analysis of sales, information, negotiation, and monitoring costs. The results reveal that farmers’ market participation levels are mainly determined by the proportional transaction costs and price, while their market integration depends on the fixed transaction costs and price. This suggests that, to lower the transaction costs and enable specialization and market participation, it is necessary to invest in and construct adequate farming infrastructure, update the rural information system, improve the structure of farmer households, and subsidize specialized rural cooperative organizations.
Islamitisch begraven in Nederland ten tijde van Covid-19
Authors: Kadrouch-Outmany Khadija
Published: August 2020

Islamic burials in the Netherlands during the time of Covid-19. Personal, practical and legal dimensions

The worldwide ‘lockdown’ due to Covid-19 has had an accelerating effect on the ongoing discussion of Islamic burial in the Netherlands. Because of the closure of airspace Moroccan and Turkish-Dutch deceased could no longer be repatriated to be buried in their country of origin. This increased the pressure on cemeteries in the Netherlands to provide for the requirements and rituals of an Islamic burial. And this in turn showed the importance of the discussion that is already taking place in the House of Representatives about changes to the laws and regulations concerning burials. These three dimensions of Islamic burial in the Netherlands – personal, practical and legal – are discussed in this article.
Hoedemakers rol bij de val van het kabinet-Kuyper
Authors: de Vries Jurn
Published: August 2020

Hoedemaker’s role in the fall of the Kuyper cabinet

The election defeat of the Christian coalition in 1905 is partly caused by contradictions in its own circle. Many orthodox members of the Dutch Reformed Church resented Prime Minister Abraham Kuyper for having legally regulated the position of the Free University at Amsterdam, but had done nothing for the rights of the Dutch Reformed Church in the theological faculties at the universities of the state. The reformed theologian Hoedemaker even aroused a preference for a liberal rather than an anti-revolutionary candidate. Kuyper’s party lost nine seats, the coalition lost three seats to the majority.
Aspects of the Early History of Romani
Authors: Zoller Claus Peter
Published: August 2020

We owe to Ralph Lilley Turner the correct classification of Romani as originating from a central or inner form of Indo-Aryan. Turner also clarified that the “Dardic” elements in Romani have been borrowed into early Romani after its speakers had left their original home and reached the north-west of South Asia where they stayed for several hundred years before finally leaving the subcontinent. Until now, the extent of the “Dardic” influence on early Romani was poorly understood. In the present article much data has been put together which shows that this impact indeed is considerable. But it is intelligible only if we accept Turner’s hypothesis of a long stopover in north-western South Asia. The data presented below will also show that the notion of “Dardic” is too narrow in this context: the impact on early Romani, in fact, comprises linguistic elements and features found in Nuristani, Dardic and West Pahāṛī.
Gupta, Latika. Education, Poverty and Gender. Schooling Muslim girls in India.
Authors: Sandahl Stella
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Kockelmann, Holger. Untersuchungen zu den späten Totenbuch- Handschriften auf Mumienbinden. Band I: Die Mumienbinden und Leinenamulette des memphitischen Priesters Hor. Band II: Handbuch zu den Mumienbinden und Leinenamuletten.
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cacopardo, Augusto S. Natale pagano. Feste d’inverno nello Hindu Kush.
Authors: Cristoforetti Simone
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Keratolysis Associated with Methamphetamine Use – Incidental Diagnosis of Corneal Melt in a Patient with Acute Methamphetamine Intoxication
Authors: Heer Jagdipak , Heavey Sean , Quesada Daniel , Aguìñiga-Navarrete Phillip , Garrett Madison , Barkataki Kieron
Published: August 2020

Case Presentation: A 38-year-old male presented to the emergency department with methamphetamine-induced agitation. Physical exam showed clouding of the left cornea, with gelatinous appearance and associated conjunctivitis, consistent with corneal melt, or keratolysis.

Discussion: Keratolysis is dissolution of the corneal stroma that can lead to corneal ulceration and vision loss. Smoking stimulants has been shown to be associated with this pattern of ocular injury, although this is a relatively rare presentation. Acute keratolysis is a unique complication of methamphetamine preparation and ingestion via smoking that can lead to corneal ulceration and loss of vision.
Abdominal Computed Tomography with a Twist: The ‘Whirl Sign’ for Mesenteric Volvulus
Authors: Spangler Jodi , Ilgan Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Case Presentation: A 55-year-old woman with a history of end-stage renal disease, peripheral vascular disease, and multiple prior abdominal surgeries presented to the emergency department with three days of diffuse, severe, abdominal pain with accompanying nausea, emesis, and food intolerance. A computed tomography (CT) of her abdomen demonstrated a “whirl” of small bowel and mesenteric vessels, raising suspicion for mesenteric volvulus and resultant small bowel obstruction.

Discussion: Mesenteric volvulus is a low incidence, high mortality condition; therefore, early recognition and operative intervention are critical. Patients with a “whirl sign” on CT are more likely to require surgical intervention for their small bowel obstruction.
Rare Cause of Syncope in a Gravid Female
Authors: Bellino Andrew , Staats Katherine , Ngo Jessica
Published: August 2020

Case Presentation: A 33-year-old gravid female was brought to the emergency department after she collapsed in the street. Point-of-care ultrasound showed free fluid in the abdomen and confirmed an intrauterine pregnancy. Surgical teams were consulted, and cross-sectional imaging revealed a spontaneously ruptured splenic artery aneurysm (SAA). The patient was taken expeditiously to the operating room for splenic artery ligation and subsequent splenectomy.

Discussion: Ruptured SAA in pregnant patients is associated with significant mortality for both mother and fetus. Maintaining a high index of suspicion in the correct population is crucial to avoid diagnostic errors and provide definitive care with operative repair.