bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Study of Cyclic Crystal Plasticity Ratchetting Constitutive Model for Polycrystalline Pure Copper
Authors: Dong Yawei , Xie Dongyang , Zhang Yang , Xiao Xiong
Published: April 2019

With the hypothesis of a small deformation, the novel cyclic visco-plasticity constitutive model (CV-CM) is constructed to study the cyclic deformation responses of polycrystalline metals. In this model, a modified Armstrong–Frederick nonlinear kinematic hardening (NKH) law is adopted to simulate the ratchetting deformation more precisely. The cyclic hardening characteristic of FCC polycrystalline copper is investigated with the use of flow stress evolution of slip system. For the issue of the transition from single crystal to polycrystalline crystals, the explicit [Formula: see text] rule is introduced to compute the polycrystalline response. Finally, through comparison with the experimental data, the proposed model is verified. It is demonstrated that the uniaxial ratchetting response of FCC metal can be precisely captured. The ratchetting response of copper single crystal and its relation with the crystallographic directions can be exactly traced by the present model as well.
Synthesis of Composite Carbon-Based Nano-Zero-Valent Iron Micro-Electrolytic Material and Removal of Dichloromethanesulfonic Acid in Drinking Water
Authors: Liu Kai , Shangguan Zhonghua , Zhang Xiaohang , Shi Yali , Wang Hao , Yang Shipeng , He Xuwen
Published: April 2019

Composite carbon-based nano-zero-valent iron materials not only have excellent characteristics of nano materials, but also solve the difficulty of recycling nano materials after use, and overcome the shortcomings of the nano materials. The introduction of copper increases the redox reaction activity of the micro-electrolytic material and expands the applicable pH range of the reaction environment. In the range of pH [Formula: see text] 3–9, the removal efficiency of dichloromethanesulfonic acid (Cl2-MSA) was maintained at 95.5–99.7% after 30[Formula: see text]min. Continuous dynamic simulation experiments verified that the composite carbon-based nano zero-valent iron material has a stable removal effect on the target pollutants.
Construction of Anti-EpCAM Drug-Loaded Immunomagnetic Balls and Its Application in Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Anqi , Zuo Li
Published: April 2019

Breast cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers of female. A major challenge the successful cancer treatment is the need for a highly effective drug carrier to provide high effective targeted delivery and diagnose double function. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNs) were modified by hexadecyl-quaternized (carboxymethyl) chitosans (HQCMC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG) and anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody. Docetaxel (DOX) was selected and encapsulated in PEG-EpCAM-Fe3O4 MNs (D-PEG-Ep-MNs). DOX encapsulation and loading efficiency was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The synthesized vehicle D-PEG-Ep-MNs was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Malvern particle size analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that PEG-Ep-MNs can be selected as a kind of safe, efficient and specific tumor targeted drug delivery.
Cellulose Acetate/Magnetic Graphene Nanofiber in Enhanced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Osteogenic Differentiation Under Alternative Current Magnetic Field
Authors: Hatamie Shadie , Mohamadyar-Toupkanlou Farzaneh , Mirzaei Samaneh , Ahadian Mohammad Mahdi , Hosseinzadeh Simzar , Soleimani Masoud , Sheu Wen-Jenn , Wei Zung Hang , Hsieh Teng-Fu , Chang Wei-Chieh , Wang Chiung-Lang
Published: April 2019

The three-dimensional (3D) nano scaffold of the cellulose acetate (CA) containing graphene/cobalt nanocomposite (0.1[Formula: see text]wt.%) was fabricated via electrospinning technique, and its impact on bone regeneration was investigated. Through this aim, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are cultured on the CA, and graphene/cobalt (rGO/Co)/CA nanocomposite scaffold surfaces and the samples are treated under low frequency alternative magnetic field (75[Formula: see text]Hz). The scaffolds are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal studies (TG/DSC). The proliferation behavior of stem cells on CA, and rGO/Co/CA nano scaffolds are studied by MTT assay, show their biocompability after 14 days of cell seeding. The 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining is used to confirm the morality of stem cell for duration of seven days. The nanocomposite scaffold is enhanced for extremely higher proliferation compared to the bare CA scaffold. The acceleration on osteogenic differentiation on the bone mesenchymal stem cell is enhanced within 48[Formula: see text]h when rGO/Co/CA scaffold is placed under alternative current magnetic field (ACMF). Furthermore, the acceleration of the stem cells differentiation for the rGO/Co/CA scaffold under ACMF corresponds to the induced scaffold surface roughness caused by graphene sheets, the metallic behavior of graphene and the responding of the nanocomposite magnetic parts (i.e., cobalt nanoparticles) while applying 75[Formula: see text]Hz frequency. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, the superior effect of ACMF on scaffold contain magnetic graphene nanocomposite is confirmed to produce bone related genes within 14 days.
CGraph
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Jin , Liao Xiaofei , Jin Hai , Gu Lin , Liu Haikun , He Bingsheng , He Ligang
Published: April 2019

Distributed graph processing platforms usually need to handle massive
Concurrent iterative Graph Processing
(CGP) jobs for different purposes. However, existing distributed systems face high ratio of data access cost to computation for the CGP jobs, which incurs low throughput. We observed that there are strong spatial and temporal correlations among the data accesses issued by different CGP jobs, because these concurrently running jobs usually need to repeatedly traverse the shared graph structure for the iterative processing of each vertex. Based on this observation, this article proposes a distributed storage and processing system CGraph for the CGP jobs to efficiently handle the underlying static/evolving graph for high throughput. It uses a data-centric load-trigger-pushing model, together with several optimizations, to enable the CGP jobs to efficiently share the graph structure data in the cache/memory and their accesses by fully exploiting such correlations, where the graph structure data is decoupled from the vertex state associated with each job. It can deliver much higher throughput for the CGP jobs by effectively reducing their average ratio of data access cost to computation. Experimental results show that CGraph improves the throughput of the CGP jobs by up to 3.47× in comparison with existing solutions on distributed platforms.
Characterization by Potentiometric Procedures of the Stability Constants of the Binary and Ternary Complexes of Cu(II) and Duloxetine Drug with Amino Acids
Authors: Al-Mohaimeed Amal M. , Alothman Asma A.
Published: April 2019

Potentiometric titration method has been used to define stoichiometries and stability constants of ternary complexes of Cu(II) with duloxetine (D) and some selected amino acids (L). The protonation constants of the ligands and the stability constants of the binary and ternary complexes of Cu(II) with the ligands were calculated from the potentiometric data using the HYPERQUAD program. The formation constants of the complexes formed in aqueous solutions and their concentration distributions as a function of pH were evaluated at 25°C and ionic strength 0.10 mol·L−1NaNO3. Respective stabilities of ternary complexes have been determined compared with the corresponding binary complexes in terms ofΔlog  Kand %R.S. values. A novel binary and ternary duloxetine (D) drug with glycine and its Cu(II) complexes has been synthesized and characterized by several spectroscopic methods. Electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal square planar geometry for both complexes. The elemental analyses and mass spectral data have justified the [Cu(D)(Gly)] and [Cu(D)Cl(H2O)] composition of complexes, where D = duloxetine and Gly = glycine. The EPR spectra of Cu(II) complexes support the mononuclear structures. Thermal properties and decomposition kinetics of Cu(II) complexes are investigated.
Coupling ATMD System for Seismic Response Control of Two Adjacent Buildings
Authors: Park Kwan-Soon , Ok Seung-Yong
Published: April 2019

This study deals with optimal control of the coupling active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system for two neighboring structures under earthquake excitations. It also investigates the seismic performances of the proposed system including the issues on actuator failure problems. The conventional control approach is to use two ATMDs independently where each ATMD is individually installed at each structure without any connection between two structures. Since this uncoupling configuration does not allow transferring its control force to the other structure, it cannot adapt to emergency situation in which one of the two actuators becomes inoperable due to the power cuts or outages. On the other hand, the proposed control approach is to use a coupling ATMD system where two ATMDs with one mass being shared are installed to interconnect two structures. Hence, the proposed coupling ATMD system can transmit the control force of the remaining actuator to another structure through the interconnection configuration so that it can adapt to the one‐side actuator failure. In a numerical example, the conventional independent and newly proposed coupling systems have been optimally designed to have similar control performance in normal operational conditions, and their performances have been compared to each other under the malfunction conditions of one‐side actuator. Their comparative results verified the outstanding adaptive performance of the proposed coupling ATMD system over the independent ATMD system. The independent ATMD system showed considerably degraded control performance compared to its own normal control performance, whereas the proposed system exhibits much improved control performance over the independent ATMD system by fully utilizing the other normally operating actuators through the coupling configuration.
Effect of Method Type on the Response of Continuum Vibro‐Impact
Authors: Wei Hongtao , Li Gang , Guo Pan , Zhao Jun
Published: April 2019

The force integration method (FIM) and the methods based on the mode transfer principle are the frequently used choices for solving the vibro‐impact problem of continuum. Notably, there are different solving options such as numerical and semianalytical procedures. In this paper, a new modeling method based on the mode transfer principle, called the relative mode transfer method (RMTM), is proposed, and its semianalytical solution is obtained. A typical vibro‐impact problem of continuum beam is studied. The time‐history response under periodic excitation is obtained using the FIM, mode transfer method (MTM) through numerical procedure, and the RMTM through numerical procedure and semianalytical procedure. The effects of the method on the system steady‐state response, amplitude‐frequency response, and sticking motion are discussed. The impact type is divided into “hard impact” and “soft impact” when obtaining the results.
Auranofin Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing Inhibitors ofκB Kinase and Inflammasome-Mediated Interleukin-1βSecretion
Authors: Kim Hyun Young , Kim Kyeong Seok , Kim Myung Ji , Kim Hyung-Shik , Lee Kwang-Youl , Kang Keon Wook
Published: April 2019

Osteoporosis is a degenerative metabolic disease caused by an imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines combined with decreased estrogen levels, which are commonly seen in postmenopausal women, can lead to overactivation of osteoclasts. Therefore, targeting osteoclast maturation may represent a novel strategy for both treating and preventing osteoporosis. Auranofin is a gold-based compound first approved in 1985 for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Here, we examined whether auranofin suppresses osteoclast differentiationin vitroandin vivo. Auranofin was shown to suppress receptor activator of NF-κB ligand- (RANKL-) induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and Raw264.7 macrophages. Cotreatment of macrophages with auranofin blocked the RANKL-induced inhibitors ofκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation, resulting in inhibition of nuclear translocation of p65. The pan-caspase inhibitor nivocasan potently reduced not only inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1β(IL-1β) secretion but also osteoclast differentiation in BMMs. Auranofin suppressed inflammasome activation, as evidenced by decreased production of cleaved IL-1βin both bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and J774.A1 cells. Loss of both bone mass in ovariectomized mice was significantly recovered by oral administration of auranofin. Taken together, these data strongly support the use of auranofin for the prevention of osteoclast-related osteoporosis.
Exploring the Relationship between the Collegiate Learning Assessment, Student Learning Activities, and Study Behaviors: Implications for Colleges and Universities
Authors: Kaniuka Theodore , Wynne Matthew
Published: April 2019

Globally, institutions of higher learning have attempted to utilize various methods to assess student learning outcomes and simultaneously determine what factors influence targeted performance measures. The National Survey of Student Engagement is a popular instrument many colleges and universities employ to gain an understanding of what student behaviors are linked to such desired outcomes as graduation and persistence. Internationally, other universities are exploring the concept of student engagement as a means to assess college environments. Recently, calls from stakeholders have prompted institutions to use assessments to demonstrate so-called twenty-first century skills such as critical thinking; the Collegiate Learning Assessment is one such tool. This study reports preliminary efforts to link the NSSE engagement indicators to CLA performance at a medium-sized Historically Black College or University. Results indicate that the NSSE indicators are (1) poor predictors of student GPA, (2) of the ten indicators of the NSSE, only one was found to be a significant predictor of CLA performance, and (3) of the items comprising this indicator, only half are associated with CLA outcomes.
Capacity of Advance Right‐Turn Motorized Vehicles at Signalized Intersections for Mixed Traffic Conditions
Authors: Li Bing , Cheng Wei , Bie Yiming , Sun Bin
Published: April 2019

Right‐turn motorized vehicles turn right using channelized islands, which are used to improve the capacity of intersections. For ease of description, these kinds of right‐turn motorized vehicles are called advance right‐turn motorized vehicles (ARTMVs) in this paper. The authors analyzed four aspects of traffic conflict involving ARTMVs with other forms of traffic flow. A capacity model of ARTMVs is presented here using shockwave theory and gap acceptance theory. The proposed capacity model was validated by comparison to the results of the observations based on data collected at a single intersection with channelized islands in Kunming, the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) model and the VISSIM simulation model. To facilitate engineering applications, the relationship describing the capacity of the ARTMVs with reference to the distance between the conflict zone and the stop line and the relationship describing the capacity of the ARTMVs with reference to the effective red time of the nonmotorized vehicles moving in the same direction were analyzed. The authors compared these results to the capacity of no advance right‐turn motorized vehicles (NARTMVs). The results show that the capacity of the ARTMVs is more sensitive to the changes in the arrival rate of nonmotorized vehicles when the arrival rate of the nonmotorized vehicles is 500  (veh/h) ~ 2000  (veh/h) than when the arrival rate is some other value. In addition, the capacity of NARTMVs is greater than the capacity of ARTMVs when the nonmotorized vehicles have a higher arrival rate.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Qatranaite
Authors: Majtyka-Piłat Anna , Chrobak Dariusz , Nowak Roman , Wojtyniak Marcin , Dulski Mateusz , Kusz Joachim , Deniszczyk Józef
Published: April 2019

The present work addresses the atomic structure and electronic properties of a recently discovered mineral qatranaite (CaZn2(OH)6·2H2O). The present study was performed theoretically by means of density functional theory- (DFT-) based calculations within the frame of local density approximation (LDA) and general gradient approximation (GGA). To determine the energy band gap width, we carried out the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) measurements. The structure relaxation performed with use of LDA and GGA provides results matching the experimentally determined crystal parameters. Interestingly, in contrast to existing interpretation of experimental data, our DFT calculations revealed energy gap of direct characteristics. Accordingly, our UV-Vis experiments yield the band gap width of 3.9 eV.
Kyphoplasty of Osteoporotic Fractured Vertebrae: A Finite Element Analysis about Two Types of Cement
Authors: Meyer Carolin , van Gaalen Kerstin , Leschinger Tim , Scheyerer Max J. , Neiss Wolfram F. , Staat Manfred , Müller Lars P. , Wegmann Kilian
Published: April 2019

If conservative treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures fails, vertebro- or kyphoplasty is indicated. Usually, polymethylmethacrylate cement (PMMA) is applied coming along with many disadvantageous features. Aluminum-free glass-polyalkenoate cement (GPC) appears to be a benefit alternative material. This study aimed at comparing the mean stress values in human vertebrae after kyphoplasty with PMMA and GPC (IlluminOss™) at hand of a finite element analysis. Three models were created performing kyphoplasty using PMMA or IlluminOss™, respectively, at two native, human lumbar vertebrae (L4) while one remains intact. Finite element analysis was performed using CT-scans of every vertebra. Moreover the PMMA-treated vertebra was used as a model as analyses were executed using material data of PMMA and of GPC. The unimpaired, spongious bone showed potentials of 0.25 MPa maximally. After augmentation stress levels showed fivefold increase, rising from externally to internally, revealing stress peaks at the ventral border of the spinal canal. At central areas of cement 1 MPa is measured in both types of cement. Around these central areas the von Mises stress decreased about 25-50% (0.5-0.75 MPa). If workload of 500 N was applied, the stress appeared to be more centralized at the IlluminOss™-model, similar to the unimpaired. Considering the endplates the GPC model also closely resembles the unimpaired. Comparing the PMMA-treated vertebral body and the GPC-simulation, there is an obvious difference. While the PMMA-treated model showed a central stress peak of 5 MPa, the GPC-simulation of the same vertebral body presents lower stress of 1.2-2.5 MPa. Finite element analysis showed that IlluminOss™ (GPC), used in kyphoplasty of vertebral bodies, creates lower level stress and strain compared to standardly used PMMA, leading to lower stress concentrations on the cranial and caudal vertebral surface especially. GPC appears to own advantageous biological and clinical relevant features.
An Unusual Cardiac Cause of Unilateral Neonatal Wheezing
Authors: Brock James , Nussbaum Eliezer , Shows Jared , Nguyen Son , Setty Shaun P.
Published: April 2019

A neonate presented three days after birth with left-sided unilateral inspiratory wheezing, intermittent respiratory distress, and desaturations. She was found to have a large ductus arteriosus aneurysm that caused compression of her left mainstem bronchus and left pulmonary artery. This lesion was not identified prior to birth on routine prenatal screening, which included fetal ultrasonography. Diagnosis was made on day of life (DOL) 5 by a computed tomography with angiography scan. On DOL 7, she underwent cardiac surgery which included resection of the ductal aneurysm, patch reconstruction of the transverse aortic arch and descending aorta, patent ductus arteriosus excision, and atrial secundum septal defect repair. There were no postoperative complications, and she has been asymptomatic since.
Stauffer’s Syndrome in Patient with Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Romašovs Andris , Puķītis Aldis , Mokricka Viktorija , Frolova Elina
Published: April 2019

Cholestasis is a symptom that can be present in many conditions, such as bile duct obstruction by malignant mases, obstruction by gallstone, acute and chronic viral hepatitis, and autoimmune disorders, such as primary biliary and sclerosing cholangitis. Stauffer syndrome is a rare type of paraneoplastic syndrome that presents as cholestasis with absence of underlying disease. Classically Stauffer syndrome has been described in renal cell cancer patients. In literature cholestasis as manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome has also been described in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and pancreatic and bronchogenic carcinoma. Conclusions. Stauffer syndrome should be kept in mind in patients who present with cholestasis with no underlying cause. We advise to exclude any possible causes of cholestasis, for example, obstruction of bile duct.
Lineage-Specific Alterations in Gynecologic Neoplasms with Choriocarcinomatous Differentiation: Implications for Origin and Therapeutics
Authors: Xing Deyin , Zheng Gang , Pallavajjala Aparna , Schoolmeester J. Kenneth , Liu Yuehua , Haley Lisa , Hu Yan , Liu Li , Logan Lisa , Lin Yuan , Pearce Kathryn E. , Sattler Christopher A. , Tsai Ya Chea , Vang Russell , Hung Chien-Fu , Wu T.-C. , Ronnett Brigitte M.
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Choriocarcinoma is most commonly gestational (androgenetic or biparental) but can be of germ cell origin or can develop as a component of a somatic neoplasm (genetically related to the patient). The latter type are aggressive neoplasms for which the underlying genetic alterations are not well characterized.

Experimental Design:

To investigate the relationship between the different components of somatic neoplasms with choriocarcinomatous elements, the genetic differences between gestational and nongestational tumors, and identify potential targetable alterations, we analyzed 23 samples from 11 tumors, including five gynecologic-type somatic neoplasms with choriocarcinomatous differentiation (two to three different components each) and six pure choriocarcinomas, for somatic mutations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and PD-L1 expression.

Results:

In mixed tumors, gynecologic-type carcinoma components demonstrated lineage-characteristic and lineage-specific alterations, with choriocarcinomatous components sharing some of these as well as demonstrating novel alterations, supporting a clonal relationship with divergent differentiation of the choriocarcinoma from the somatic carcinoma. TP53 mutation only occurred in nongestational tumors. Diffuse PD-L1 expression was characteristic of choriocarcinoma in both pure and mixed tumors but not seen in the gynecologic-type carcinoma components.

Conclusions:

Given that the somatic carcinomatous and choriocarcinomatous components of mixed tumors have distinct genetic alterations and biomarker expression, separate analysis of these components is required to guide targeted therapy. High PD-L1 expression suggests a role for checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapy in tumors with a choriocarcinoma component. The underlying mechanisms by which cancer stem cells reprogram and initiate trophoblastic retrodifferentiation in some somatic tumors warrant further investigation.
Removal of Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) population as measure to control Amblyomma tick population and reduce Brazilian Spotted Fever transmission risk in a Gated Community in Bragança Paulista (SP, Brazil) – Case Study
Authors: Kuniy Adriana Akemi , Dias Ciro Antônio , Souza Celso De , Uchoa Francisco Conrado de Mendonça , Luiz Thaís Guimarães , Pereira Monicque Silva , Vasquez Débora Bonilha , Nardi Marcello Schiavo , Leonis Priscila Machion , Arruda Vitor , Pelegrini Sóstenes , Silva Harley Sebastião Da , Godoy Leandro , Zahn Thiago Macek Gonçalves
Published: April 2019

This study reports the factors which led a gated community located in Bragança Paulista (SP, Brazil), a non-endemic area for Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), to be classified as a Risk Area for transmission of this disease, showing that an increasing resident population of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in the area was likely responsible for a proliferation of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and acted as an amplifying host for Rickettsia rickettsii, the main etiologic agent of BSF. We report management actions proposed to control the local tick burden and reduce BSF risk, including measures to control parasitic and free-living tick populations and exclusion of the resident capybara population. Analyses of tick population data and R. rickettsii serology tests indicate that these measures were effective, greatly reducing the environmental burden of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and reducing the BSF transmission risk at the area.
Origin and distribution of the coronary arteries of boars
Authors: Borges Tânia Ribeiro Junqueira , Ribeiro Lucas De Assis , Romão Fabiano Braz , Magalhães Henrique Inhauser Riceti , Luz Marcos Martins , Barcelos Jeferson Borges , Santos Lázaro Antônio dos , Silva Frederico Ozanam Carneiro e
Published: April 2019

The heart of a domestic swine is similar to that of a human regarding anatomy, blood perfusion, and distribution of nurturing arteries. In addition to the similarities, its low cost compared with other species is also one of the reasons these animals have been increasingly used in medical schools and in clinical, surgical, and pharmacological studies. Therefore, we aimed to identify the origin and distribution of the right and left coronary arteries of boars, emphasizing the configuration and macroscopic representativity of their branches while characterizing a possible dominance concerning the type of circulation and the potential use of this animal as an experimental model, hence boars are the ancestors of the domestic pigs. The left coronary artery has bifurcated into paraconal interventricular branch and circumflex branch; or it has trifurcated into paraconal interventricular branch, the oblique branch, and into the left circumflex branch. The right coronary artery has originated the marginal branches to the right ventricle and the right circumflex branch, which has branched out in the subsinuous interventricular branch. Anastomoses have stood out among the paraconal and subsinuous interventricular branches – where a right dominant coronary artery occurred – and between the right and left circumflex branches. We concluded that the morphology and the distribution of the coronary arteries of boars resemble those of a human and, thus, our results are useful for the conception of experimental hemodynamics and possible use as process models.
Medo de quedas e atividades avançadas da vida diária em idosos
Authors: Souto Jéssica Faria , Ribeiro Pricila Cristina Correa , Lourenço Roberto Alves
Published: April 2019

Considerando que o medo de quedas é vivenciado inclusive por idosos que nunca caíram, podendo levar a limitações nas atividades de vida diária, o presente estudo investigou a associação entre medo de cair e Atividades Avançadas de Vida Diária (AAVD) em idosos comunitários. A amostra foi composta por 645 idosos (65 anos ou mais), clientes de uma operadora de saúde, de ambos os sexos, entrevistados pelo Estudo FIBRA-RJ. Para avaliar o medo de cair foi utilizado a Escala Internacional de Eficácia de Quedas - Brasil (FES-I-BR). As AAVD foram avaliadas com inventário baseado na literatura, sendo a manutenção de 7 ou mais AAVD, do total de 12, considerada como melhor funcionalidade. A prevalência de medo de queda foi 5% menor para idosos com pior funcionalidade para AAVD comparado àqueles com melhor funcionalidade. Esta associação entre o medo de cair e AAVD foi independente da fragilidade, idade, sexo, histórico de quedas, autopercepção de saúde, depressão, número de doenças crônicas e de medicação. Discute-se neste estudo se o desengajamento nas AAVD seria um mecanismo adaptativo na velhice e possíveis estratégias para redução do medo de quedas em idosos.
Percepção de competência, em situação de atividades diversificadas na perspectiva dos professores e de seus alunos com e sem deficiência física
Authors: Andrade Mirela Moreno Almeida , Dos Santos Camila Boarini , Araújo Rita de Cássia Tibério
Published: April 2019

Muito se debate sobre a necessidade de um ambiente diferenciado, que disponibilize recursos adaptados às necessidades da pessoa com deficiência, no entanto, deve ser dada atenção à relação indivíduo-tarefa-ambiente, uma vez que a expressão de competências emerge da sua interação com o meio. Este estudo teve o objetivo identificar características da percepção de competência, na perspectiva dos professores e alunos com e sem deficiência física. Participaram deste estudo dezoito alunos e nove professores. Os dados foram coletados com o Perceived Eficacy and Goal Setting System e a análise realizada pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados demonstraram que a percepção dos professores para a competência dos alunos sem deficiência foi mais favorável do que a percepção para os alunos com deficiência. No entanto, os valores de dispersão, demonstraram que em todas as análises, os alunos sem deficiência apresentaram uma autopercepção mais favorável. Conclui-se que há diferença na percepção de competência tanto na perspectiva dos professores quanto dos próprios alunos, sendo esta desfavorável em virtude da presença de deficiência física.
Sobre ocupar-se de cuidar do filho no hospital
Authors: Mendonça Claudia Roberta Lima Furtado de
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho objetivou compreender os significados de cuidar do filho cardiopata para mães de crianças internadas em um hospital em Belém, Pará. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa clínico-qualitativa, sendo as participantes 06 mães de crianças com cardiopatia congênita. Os significados desvelados pelas mães trataram de aspectos, como: a rotina vivenciada no hospital; o cuidar do filho como “dever” da mãe, permeado por preocupações e medo; sentimentos como tristeza e cansaço, assim como experiências positivas, onde as mães buscavam a recuperação da saúde de suas crianças. Desta forma, acredita-se que analisar a ocupação de cuidar de filhos é relevante na prática da Terapia Ocupacional, para compreender melhor a vivência materna e propor estratégias para facilitar o desempenho de ocupações que se encontrem prejudicadas em seu cotidiano.
Avaliação do equilíbrio postural em pessoas com artrite reumatoide
Authors: Silva Marta Cristina Rodrigues da , Koch Deyse Borges , Mochizuki Luis , Gevaerd Monique da Silva , Zanella Ângela Kemel , Domenech Susana Cristina
Published: April 2019

O objetivo do estudo é apresentar uma revisão integrativa sobre métodos de avaliação de equilíbrio postural em pessoas com AR. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados e não-randomizados, estudos transversais com a temática de equilíbrio postural em pessoas com AR em português, espanhol e inglês publicados nas duas últimas décadas nas bases PubMed, SCOPUS e plataforma PEDro. Foram incluídos os estudos que apresentavam no título ou resumo termos mencionados nas estratégias de busca. A descrição dos artigos selecionados indicou: autor, ano de publicação, número de participantes, objetivos, instrumentos ou método utilizados para avaliar o equilíbrio postural, outras avaliações além do equilíbrio postural e principais resultados. De 70 estudos encontrados, foram selecionados 22 para discussão e análise. A maioria não apresenta avaliações com testes específicos para as diferentes dimensões de controle do equilíbrio postural empregando testes-extra às avaliações. Frente às limitações encontradas nos instrumentos avaliados, verifica-se que para melhor determinar os déficits é necessário empregar um conjunto de avaliações que incorporem as principais dimensões de controle do equilíbrio postural, fornecendo informações mais completas e abrangentes a programas de reabilitação e prevenção de quedas na AR.
Ajustamento psicossocial de pessoas com amputação
Authors: Matos Denise Regina , Naves Juliana Fakir , Araujo Tereza Cristina Cavalcanti Ferreira de
Published: April 2019

Anualmente, no Brasil, milhares de pessoas são submetidas a procedimento de amputação. Nesse cenário, as instituições que prestam cuidados – desde a etapa cirúrgica ao processo de reabilitação – necessitam planejar e avaliar seus programas assistenciais tendo por base evidências divulgadas pela literatura especializada nacional e internacional. Visando, portanto, propiciar a problematização da temática e gerar reflexões para a intervenção da equipe de reabilitação, este artigo discute fatores clínicos, sociodemográficos e psicossociais associados ao processo de ajustamento à prótese. Sugere-se que, no cenário brasileiro, futuras investigações focalizem variáveis de natureza psicossocial, a exemplo dos estudos internacionais mais recentes.
Mexiletine Shortens the QT Interval in Patients With Potassium Channel–Mediated Type 2 Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Bos J. Martijn , Crotti Lia , Rohatgi Ram K. , Castelletti Silvia , Dagradi Federica , Schwartz Peter J. , Ackerman Michael J.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Long QT syndrome is a potentially lethal yet highly treatable cardiac channelopathy. Although β-blocker therapy is standard for most patients, concomitant therapy with sodium channel blockers, like mexiletine, is often utilized for patients with sodium channel–mediated type 3 long QT syndrome (LQT3). The potential role of sodium channel blockers in patients with potassium channel–mediated long QT syndrome (ie, LQT1 and LQT2) has not been investigated in detail.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective chart review on 12 patients (5 females; median age at diagnosis 14.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 7.7–23; range, 0–59, median heart rate–corrected QT interval [QTc] at diagnosis 557 ms (IQR, 529–605) with genetically established LQT2 (10) or a combination of LQT1/LQT2 (1) or LQT2/LQT3 (1), who received mexiletine. Data were collected on symptomatic status, treatments, and breakthrough cardiac events after diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Additionally, 12-lead ECGs were collected at diagnosis, before initiation of mexiletine and following mexiletine to evaluate the drug’s effect on QTc.

Results:

Before diagnosis, 6 patients were symptomatic and, before initiation of mexiletine, 4 patients experienced ≥1 breakthrough cardiac event on β-blocker. Median age at first mexiletine dose was 24.3 years (IQR, 14–32.4). After mexiletine, the median QTc decreased by 65±45 ms from 547 ms (IQR, 488–558) premexiletine to 470 ms (IQR, 409–529) postmexiletine (
P
=0.0005) for all patients. In 8 patients (67%), the QTc decreased by ≥ 40 ms with a mean decrease in QTc of 91 ms (
P
< 0.008). For the 11 patients maintained on mexiletine therapy, there have been no breakthrough cardiac events during follow-up.

Conclusions:

Although commonly prescribed in patients with LQT3, mexiletine also shortens the QTc significantly in two-thirds of a small subset of patients with potassium channel–mediated LQT2. In patients with LQT2, pharmacological targeting of the physiological late sodium current may provide added therapeutic efficacy to β-blocker therapy.
Evaluating Climate Model Simulations of the Radiative Forcing and Radiative Response at Earth’s Surface
Authors: Kramer Ryan J. , Soden Brian J. , Pendergrass Angeline G.
Published: April 2019

We analyze the radiative forcing and radiative response at Earth’s surface, where perturbations in the radiation budget regulate the atmospheric hydrological cycle. By applying a radiative kernel-regression technique to CMIP5 climate model simulations where CO2 is instantaneously quadrupled, we evaluate the intermodel spread in surface instantaneous radiative forcing, radiative adjustments to this forcing, and radiative responses to surface warming. The cloud radiative adjustment to CO2 forcing and the temperature-mediated cloud radiative response exhibit significant intermodel spread. In contrast to its counterpart at the top of the atmosphere, the temperature-mediated cloud radiative response at the surface is found to be positive in some models and negative in others. Also, the compensation between the temperature-mediated lapse rate and water vapor radiative responses found in top-of-atmosphere calculations is not present for surface radiative flux changes. Instantaneous radiative forcing at the surface is rarely reported for model simulations; as a result, intermodel differences have not previously been evaluated in global climate models. We demonstrate that the instantaneous radiative forcing is the largest contributor to intermodel spread in effective radiative forcing at the surface. We also find evidence of differences in radiative parameterizations in current models and argue that this is a significant, but largely overlooked, source of bias in climate change simulations.
The Interdecadal Change of Summer Water Vapor over the Tibetan Plateau and Associated Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Changyan , Zhao Ping , Chen Junming
Published: April 2019

In recent decades, long-term changes of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) water vapor and the associated mechanisms have not been investigated fully. This study aims to examine the interdecadal change of summer TP water vapor using the monthly mean European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis during 1979–2014. The results show a drier phase in the TP during 1979–94, with a subsequent wetter phase, which suggests an interdecadal variation of summer TP water vapor around the middle of the 1990s. This interdecadal variation is mainly due to a significant change of the water vapor export on the eastern boundary of the TP, which is closely associated with a summer atmospheric circulation anomaly near Lake Baikal. When a cyclonic (an anticyclonic) anomaly occurs near Lake Baikal, there is less (more) water vapor over the TP. On the interdecadal scale, the atmospheric circulation anomaly near Lake Baikal is related to an extratropical large-scale anomalous wave train over the northwestern Atlantic–East Asian region, with an eastward propagation of the anomalous wave energy from the Atlantic to East Asia. Climate model simulations further demonstrate an impact of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northwestern Atlantic on the anomalous wave train. Both the extratropical tropospheric anomalous wave train and the anomalous atmospheric circulation near Lake Baikal are successfully simulated by changing the summer northwestern Atlantic SST. Therefore the warming northwestern Atlantic is an important factor contributing to the wetting TP in recent decades.
Mixed Layer Depth and Sea Surface Warming under Diurnally Cycling Surface Heat Flux in the Heating Season
Authors: Ushijima Yusuke , Yoshikawa Yutaka
Published: April 2019

In the present study, large-eddy simulations (LESs) were performed to investigate mixed layer depth (MLD) and sea surface warming (SSW) under diurnally cycling surface heat flux in the heating season, in which a mixed layer (ML) is shoaling on intraseasonal time scales. The LES results showed that the diurnal cycle makes the MLD greater (smaller) at lower (higher) latitudes than the MLD without the cycle. Time scales of the wind-induced shear and the surface heat are a key to understand this latitudinal dependence of the diurnal cycle effects. The wind-induced shear-driven turbulence developed from early morning and became strongest at half the inertial period (Ti/2), while nighttime cooling weakened the ML stratification until the end of the nighttime (T24 = 24 h). At lower latitudes where Ti/2 > T24 (lower than 15°), the shear-driven turbulence continued to grow after T24 and determined the time of the greatest MLD. Thus, the shear-driven turbulence shaped the latitudinal dependence of the MLD, though convective turbulence helped further deepening of the ML. At higher latitudes (Ti/2 < T24), on the other hand, the shear-driven turbulence ceased growing before the nighttime cooling ended. However, reduced stratification due to the nighttime cooling supported the shear-driven turbulence to continue deepening the ML. Thus, the nighttime cooling shaped the latitudinal dependence of the MLD at higher latitudes. The MLD change induced by the diurnal cycle altered the SSW rate. At higher latitudes, the diurnal cycle is expected to reduce the MLD and increase the SSW by 10% in the heating season.
Conformal Prediction Based on Raman Spectra for the Classification of Chinese Liquors
Authors: Gu Jiao , Liu Huaibo , Ma Chaoqun , Li Lei , Zhu Chun , Glorieux Christ , Chen Guoqing
Published: April 2019

This work extends the conventional back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to the classification of Chinese liquors of different flavors according to their Raman spectra. Conformal prediction is applied to assign reliable confidence measures for each classification and support an effective framework to make the machine learning on classification trustable. The BPNN can be used to predict the flavors of Chinese liquors according to their Raman spectra, and a classification rate of 88.96% can be achieved. In order to evaluate each classification, a non-conformity score is defined to generate a P-value for each classification. Moreover, the validity of conformal prediction in online mode is discussed. The number of cumulative errors in the conformal prediction is much less than that without conformal prediction. The relationship between the cumulative error and confidence levels shows that a high confidence level leads to low cumulative errors, but many cumulative errors will occur under a very high confidence level. The result implies that conformal prediction is a useful framework, which can employ classification satisfying a certain level of confidence. Meanwhile, the conformal prediction can improve our classification using a BPNN, when the number of data points is limited.
Can Stroboscopic Training Improve Judgments of Time-to-Collision?
Authors: Braly Adam M. , DeLucia Patricia R.
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine whether training with stroboscopic viewing could improve time-to-collision (TTC) judgments, which have importance in real-world tasks such as driving.

Background:

Prior research demonstrated that training with stroboscopic vision can improve motion coherence thresholds, improve anticipatory timing performance for laterally moving objects, and can protect against performance degradation over time.

Method:

Participants viewed computer simulations of an object that moved and then disappeared. In two separate experiments, the object approached the observer or moved laterally toward a target, representing different optical flow patterns. Participants judged TTC by pressing a button when they thought the object would hit them (approach), or the target (lateral). Performance was measured during four sessions—pretest, intervention, immediately after intervention, and 10 min after intervention.

Results:

Both stroboscopic training and repeated practice improved performance over time for approach motion (decrease in constant error) and stroboscopic training protected against performance degradation for lateral motion (no decrement in variable error), but only when TTC was 3.0 s. There was no difference between training and repeated practice.

Conclusion:

Under certain conditions, stroboscopic training may improve TTC judgments. However, effects of stroboscopic training depend on the nature of the optical flow pattern.

Application:

It is important to determine the conditions under which training can improve TTC judgments which have importance in real-world tasks such as driving. If individuals can be trained to judge TTC more accurately, they may benefit from driver training programs.
The Global Impact of HIV on Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults: Challenges, Progress, and Future Directions
Authors: Emlet Charles A. , O’Brien Kelly K. , Fredriksen Goldsen Karen
Published: April 2019

According to Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 36.9 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Older adults, those aged 50 years and older, with HIV are increasing worldwide; however, the prevalence and incidence differ substantially across regions. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of how HIV is impacting older adults globally, with a focus on sexual and gender minority older adults. The article is organized using the eight geographical regions from UNAIDS, with information on the prevalence and incidence among older adults. Among sexual and gender minority older adults, key risks are identified, including laws that criminalize same-sex relationships; issues of stigma and fear; and the concomitant lack of access and barriers to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention. Progress within each region toward the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets is included, and suggestions for future directions of research and service delivery are made.
Variational Hilbert regression for terrain modeling and trajectory optimization
Authors: Guizilini Vitor , Ramos Fabio
Published: April 2019

The ability to generate accurate terrain models is of key importance in a wide variety of robotics tasks, ranging from path planning and trajectory optimization to environment exploration and mining applications. This paper introduces a novel regression methodology for terrain modeling that can approximate arbitrarily complex functions based on a series of simple kernel calculations, using variational Bayesian inference. A sparse feature vector is used to efficiently project input points into a high-dimensional reproducing kernel Hilbert space, according to a set of inducing points automatically generated from clustering available data. Each inducing point maintains its own regression model in addition to individual kernel parameters, and the entire set is iteratively optimized as more data are collected in order to maximize a global variational lower bound. We also show how kernel and regression model parameters can be jointly learned, to achieve a better approximation of the underlying function. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology consistently outperforms current state-of-the-art techniques, while producing a continuous model with a fully probabilistic treatment of uncertainties, well-defined gradients, and highly scalable to large-scale datasets. As a practical application of the proposed terrain modeling technique, we explore the problem of trajectory optimization, deriving gradients that allow the efficient generation of continuous paths using standard optimization algorithms, minimizing a series of useful properties (i.e. distance traveled, changes in elevation, and terrain variance).