bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain glucose metabolism patterns associated with morphine consumption in Lewis and Fischer 344 rat strains
Authors: Soto-Montenegro Mª Luisa , García-Vázquez Verónica , Lamanna-Rama Nicolás , López-Montoya Gonzalo , Desco Manuel , Ambrosio Emilio
Published: March 2022

Vulnerability to addiction may be given by the individual's risk of developing an addiction during their lifetime. A challenge in the neurobiology of drug addiction is understanding why some people become addicted to drugs. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to evaluate changes in brain glucose metabolism in response to chronic morphine self-administration (MSA) in two rat strains with different vulnerability to drug abuse, Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344). Four groups of animals were trained to self-administer morphine or saline for 15 days. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG)-PET studies were performed on the last day of MSA (acquisition phase) and after 15 days of withdrawal. PET data were analyzed using SPM12. LEW-animals self-administered more morphine injections per session than F344-animals. We found significant brain metabolic differences between LEW and F344 strains in the cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. In addition, the different brain metabolic patterns observed after the MSA study between these rat strains indicate differences in the efficiency of neural substrates to translate the drug effects, which could explain the differences in predisposition to morphine abuse between one individual and another. These findings have important implications for the use of these rat strains in translational morphine and opiate research.
New insights into real-time detection of tephra grainsize, settling velocity and sedimentation rate
Authors: Freret-Lorgeril V. , Bonadonna C. , Rossi E. , Poulidis A. P. , Iguchi M.
Published: March 2022

Characterizing the size and settling velocity of pyroclastic fragments injected into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions (i.e., tephra) is crucial to the forecasting of plume and cloud dispersal. Optical disdrometers have been integrated into volcano monitoring networks worldwide in order to best constrain these parameters in real time. Nonetheless, their accuracy during tephra fallout still needs to be assessed. A significant complication is the occurrence of particle aggregates that modify size and velocity distributions of falling tephra. We made the first use of the Thies Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) for tephra-fallout detection at Sakurajima volcano (Japan), which is characterized by a lower size detection window with respect to more commonly used disdrometers (e.g., Parsivel2) and can more easily distinguish different falling objects. For the first time, individual particles have been distinguished from most aggregates based on disdrometer data, with the potential to provide useful grain-size information in real time. In case of negligible aggregation, LPM and collected sample-based estimates are in agreement for both grain-size and sedimentation rate. In case of significant aggregation, particle shape analyses and a dedicated drag equation are used to filter out aggregates from LPM data that also provide good agreement with collected tephra samples.
Identification of the C-terminal region in Amelogenesis Imperfecta causative protein WDR72 required for Golgi localization
Authors: Husein Dina , Alamoudi Ahmed , Ohyama Yoshio , Mochida Hanna , Ritter Brigitte , Mochida Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2022

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) represents a group of hereditary conditions that manifest tooth enamel defects. Several causative mutations in the WDR72 gene have been identified and patients with WDR72 mutations have brown (or orange-brown) discolored enamel, rough enamel surface, early loss of enamel after tooth eruption, and severe attrition. Although the molecular function of WDR72 is not yet fully understood, a recent study suggested that WDR72 could be a facilitator of endocytic vesicle trafficking, which appears inconsistent with the previously reported cytoplasmic localization of WDR72. Therefore, the aims of our study were to investigate the tissues and cell lines in which WDR72 was expressed and to further determine the sub-cellular localization of WDR72. The expression of Wdr72 gene was investigated in mouse tissues and cell lines. Endogenous WDR72 protein was detected in the membranous fraction of ameloblast cell lines in addition to the cytosolic fraction. Sub-cellular localization studies supported our fractionation data, showing WDR72 at the Golgi apparatus, and to a lesser extent, in the cytoplasmic area. In contrast, a WDR72 AI mutant form that lacks its C-terminal region was exclusively detected in the cytoplasm. In addition, our studies identified a putative prenylation/CAAX motif within the last four amino acids of human WDR72 and generated a WDR72 variant, called CS mutant, in which the putative motif was ablated by a point mutation. Interestingly, mutation of the putative CAAX motif impaired WDR72 recruitment to the Golgi. Cell fractionation assays confirmed subcellular distribution of wild-type WDR72 in both cytosolic and membranous fractions, while the WDR72 AI mutant and CS mutant forms were predominantly detected in the cytosolic fraction. Our studies provide new insights into the subcellular localization of WDR72 and demonstrate a critical role for the C-terminal CAAX motif in regulating WDR72 recruitment to the Golgi. In accordance with structural modelling studies that classified WDR72 as a potential vesicle transport protein, our findings suggest a role for WDR72 in vesicular Golgi transport that may be key to understanding the underlying cause of AI.
Identifying metabolic reprogramming phenotypes with glycolysis-lipid metabolism discoordination and intercellular communication for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis
Authors: Li Xin , Tang Lefan , Deng Jiaxing , Qi Xiuying , Zhang Juxuan , Qi Haitao , Li Mengyue , Liu Yixin , Zhao Wenyuan , Gu Yunyan , Qi Lishuang , Li Xia
Published: March 2022

Tumor metastasis imposes metabolic requirements for escaping from primary tissues, producing vulnerability in treatment. This study aimed to explore the metabolic reprogramming relevant to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and decode the underlying intercellular alterations. Using the gene expression profiles of 394 LUAD samples derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified 11 metastasis-related metabolic genes involved in glycolysis and lipid metabolism, and defined three metabolic reprogramming phenotypes (MP-I, -II, and -III) using unsupervised clustering. MP-III with the highest glycolytic and lowest lipid metabolic levels exhibited the highest metastatic potency and poorest survival in TCGA and six independent cohorts totaling 1,235 samples. Genomic analyses showed that mutations in TP53 and KEAP1, and deletions in SETD2 and PBRM1 might drive metabolic reprogramming in MP-III. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data from LUAD validated a metabolic evolutionary trajectory from normal to MP-II and MP-III, through MP-I. The further intercellular communications revealed that MP-III interacted uniquely with endothelial cells and fibroblasts in the ANGPTL pathway, and had stronger interactions with endothelial cells in the VEGF pathway. Herein, glycolysis-lipid dysregulation patterns suggested metabolic reprogramming phenotypes relevant to metastasis. Further insights into the oncogenic drivers and microenvironmental interactions would facilitate the treatment of LUAD metastasis in the future.
Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance genes and Transfer Elements-Quantitative Monitoring (DARTE-QM): a method for detection of antimicrobial resistance in environmental samples
Authors: Smith Schuyler D. , Choi Jinlyung , Ricker Nicole , Yang Fan , Hinsa-Leasure Shannon , Soupir Michelle L. , Allen Heather K. , Howe Adina
Published: March 2022

Effective monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes and their dissemination in environmental ecosystems has been hindered by the cost and efficiency of methods available for the task. We developed the Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance genes and Transfer Elements-Quantitative Monitoring (DARTE-QM), a method implementing TruSeq high-throughput sequencing to simultaneously sequence thousands of antibiotic resistant gene targets representing a full-spectrum of antibiotic resistance classes common to environmental systems. In this study, we demonstrated DARTE-QM by screening 662 antibiotic resistance genes within complex environmental samples originated from manure, soil, and livestock feces, in addition to a mock-community reference to assess sensitivity and specificity. DARTE-QM offers a new approach to studying antibiotic resistance in environmental microbiomes, showing advantages in efficiency and the ability to scale for many samples. This method provides a means of data acquisition that will alleviate some of the obstacles that many researchers in this area currently face.
Structure-based design of a dual-warhead covalent inhibitor of FGFR4
Authors: Chen Xiaojuan , Li Huiliang , Lin Qianmeng , Dai Shuyan , Yue Sitong , Qu Lingzhi , Li Maoyu , Guo Ming , Wei Hudie , Li Jun , Jiang Longying , Xu Guangyu , Chen Yongheng
Published: March 2022

The fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19)/fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) signaling pathways play critical roles in a variety of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FGFR4 is recognized as a promising target to treat HCC. Currently, all FGFR covalent inhibitors target one of the two cysteines (Cys477 and Cys552). Here, we designed and synthesized a dual-warhead covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, CXF-009, targeting Cys477 and Cys552 of FGFR4. We report the cocrystal structure of FGFR4 with CXF-009, which exhibits a dual-warhead covalent binding mode. CXF-009 exhibited stronger selectivity for FGFR4 than FGFR1-3 and other kinases. CXF-009 can also potently inhibit the single cystine mutants, FGFR4(C477A) and FGFR4(C552A), of FGFR4. In summary, our study provides a dual-warhead covalent FGFR4 inhibitor that can covalently target two cysteines of FGFR4. CXF-009, to our knowledge, is the first reported inhibitor that forms dual-warhead covalent bonds with two cysteine residues in FGFR4. CXF-009 also has the potential to overcome drug induced resistant FGFR4 mutations and might serve as a lead compound for future anticancer drug discovery.
The influence of pH on dissolved organic matter fluorescence in inland waters
Authors: Groeneveld M. , Catalán N. , Einarsdottir K. , Bravo A. G. , Kothawala D. N.
Published: March 2022

Fluorescence is an easily available analytical technique used to assess the optical characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM).
Dopant-free hole-transporting materials for stable Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells
Authors: Xiang Yinan , Guo Huanxin , Cai Zhiyuan , Jiang Chenhui , Zhu Changfei , Wu Yongzhen , Zhu Wei-Hong , Chen Tao
Published: March 2022

This work reveals the interfacial interaction mechanism between HTMs and Sb2(S,Se)3, and fabricates solar cells with excellent stability.
Fluoromethylsulfinyl radicals: spectroscopic characterization and photoisomerization via intramolecular hydrogen shift
Authors: Zhu Bifeng , Jiang Junjie , Lu Bo , Li Xiaolong , Zeng Xiaoqing
Published: March 2022

The atmospherically relevant sulfinyl radicals CHF2SO˙ and CH2FSO˙ have been generated and characterized in cryogenic matrices, and their photochemistry including the isomerisation to oxathiyl radicals CHF2OS˙ and CH2FOS˙ and carbon-centered radicals ˙CF2SOH and ˙CHFSOH has been disclosed.
Probing the effects of polymers on the early stages of calcium carbonate formation by stoichiometric co-titration
Authors: Schodder Philipp I. , Gindele Maxim B. , Ott Andreas , Rückel Markus , Ettl Roland , Boyko Volodymyr , Kellermeier Matthias
Published: March 2022

A modified titration assay with potentiometric and turbidimetric detection was developed to monitor calcium carbonate formation from solution in real time, which delivers new insights into the effects of polymeric additives during crystallisation.
Construction of robust bienzyme-mimicking nanocatalysts for dye degradation by self-assembly of hematin, metal ions, and nucleotides
Authors: Memon Amjad Hussain , Wei Bin , Shams Saira , Jiang Yucui , Jiao Mengzhao , Su Mingming , Liang Hao
Published: March 2022

The growing proportion of the textile industry has led to an increase in the concentration of colored dyes in aquatic systems.
An anticorrosive zinc metal anode with ultra-long cycle life over one year
Authors: Xiao Ping , Li Haobo , Fu Jinzhou , Zeng Cheng , Zhao Yinghe , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao
Published: March 2022

We modify Zn anodes with island-distributed indium (Zn@In). The effective suppression of hydrogen evolution by Zn@In enables an ultra-dense and rock-like Zn plating morphology, extending the cycling life of a Zn symmetrical cell to over one year.
Structural characteristics, cation distribution, and elastic properties of Cr3+ substituted stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric cobalt ferrites
Authors: Islam M. A. , Hossain A. K. M. Akther , Ahsan M. Z. , Bally M. A. A. , Ullah M. Samir , Hoque S. M. , Khan F. A.
Published: March 2022

Structural, elastic and cation distribution properties have been investigated on stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric cobalt ferrites.
New ruthenium polypyridyl complexes as potential sensors of acetonitrile and catalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Abate Pedro O. , Peyrot Analía M. , Fontrodona Xavier , Romero Isabel , Fagalde Florencia , Katz Néstor E.
Published: March 2022

New mononuclear polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes were synthesized and fully characterized. These species can be potentially applied for detection of CH3CN as a contaminant in radiopharmaceuticals used in PET studies or for catalysing water oxidation.
Isomeric separation of permethylated glycans by extra-long reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-MS/MS
Authors: Wang Junyao , Dong Xue , Yu Aiying , Huang Yifan , Peng Wenjing , Mechref Yehia
Published: March 2022

Separation of glycans with sialic acid linkage isomers and positional fucosylated isomers derived from model glycoproteins, human serum and cancer cell lines using LC-MS/MS with a 500 mm reversed-phase C18 column.
Impact of process parameters on product size and morphology in hydrometallurgical antisolvent crystallization
Authors: Peters Edward Michael , Svärd Michael , Forsberg Kerstin
Published: March 2022

Impact of process conditions on product quality is investigated in the recovery of high purity (NH4)3ScF6by antisolvent crystallization.
Enhanced optical output of GaN-based near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using an ultra-thin air cavity nanopatterned sapphire substrate
Authors: Zhang Gai , Chang Le , Shao Hua , Chu Chunshuang , Fan Chao , Zhang Yandi , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: March 2022

A combined methodology is proposed to fabricate nanopatterned sapphire substrate with air cavity, which is used to improve the crystalline quality and light extraction efficiency of near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.
Influence of the Lewis basicity hardness of crystallization solvents on the coordination sphere of the complex [Co(3,5-dinitrobenzoate-O,O′)2]: crystallographic and theoretical analysis
Authors: Fonseca Daniela , Pérez-Torres Andrés F. , Cobo Justo , Zapata-Rivera Jhon , Hurtado John J. , Macías Mario A.
Published: March 2022

Crystal growth of [Co(DNB)2] in different solvents is a thermodynamic process favored by ΔErecrys (kcal mol−1) where mono/trinuclear molecules are obtained. Closeness of HOMO orbitals of solvents to the SOMOs orbitals of Co(ii) ions guide the process.
Rapid analytical CEST spectroscopy of competitive host–guest interactions using spatial parallelization with a combined approach of variable flip angle, keyhole and averaging (CAVKA)
Authors: Morik Hen-Amit , Schuenke Patrick , Schröder Leif
Published: March 2022

129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) NMR spectroscopy for comparing competitive host–guest interactions can be accelerated significantly and discriminates signals from similar hosts for quantitative analysis through their guest affinity.
Effect of cobalt doping on photocatalytic water splitting activity of NiTi-layered double hydroxide
Authors: Samuei Sara , Sadigh Akbari Sina , Ülker Emine , Karadas Ferdi
Published: March 2022

Cobalt-doping a NiTi layered double hydroxide affords CoNiTi-LDH with smaller plate sizes and a higher degree of order, which allows the band gap to shrink from 2.7 eV to 2.4 eV. CoNiTi-LDH is active for both water oxidation and reduction.
Natural product cercosporin as a bioinspired photocatalyst for the synthesis of peptides containing kynurenine via an energy transfer mechanism
Authors: Yuan Zhenbo , Lu Liushen , Liu Meiling , Liu Xuanzhong , Liu Changmei , Yin Dejing , Zhang Yan , Rao Yijian
Published: March 2022

A cercosporin-catalyzed photooxidation was developed for the efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis of versatile nonproteinogenic kynurenine-containing peptides under mild conditions.
A star shaped acoustofluidic mixer enhances rapid malaria diagnostics via cell lysis and whole blood homogenisation in 2 seconds
Authors: Pourabed Amir , Chakkumpulakkal Puthan Veettil Thulya , Devendran Citsabehsan , Nair Prasanna , Wood Bayden R. , Alan Tuncay
Published: March 2022

Shear stresses generated by a silicon resonator embedded inside a microfluidic channel can rapidly and effectively lyse cells and homogenise whole blood. This significantly improves sensitivity of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy based diagnostic tests.
Identification of novel aptamers targeting cathepsin B-overexpressing prostate cancer cells
Authors: Pereira Ana Cláudia , Pina André F. , Sousa Diana , Ferreira Débora , Santos-Pereira Cátia , Rodrigues Joana L. , Melo Luís D. R. , Sales Goreti , Sousa Sérgio F. , Rodrigues Lígia R.
Published: March 2022

For the first time, an aptamer that specifically binds to cathepsin B (CatB)-overexpressing prostate cancer cells was identified by combining SELEX and computational tools.
Giant tunnelling electroresistance through 2D sliding ferroelectric materials
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhou Jun , Lu Jing , Luo Zhaochu , Yang Jinbo , Shen Lei
Published: March 2022

The staggered bilayer hexagonal boron nitride shows sliding ferromagnetism and giant tunnelling resistance, which paves a new way to realizing van der Waals ferroelectric devices with non-volatile functionalities for next generation electronics.
Synthesis and catalysis of aZ-stereoretentive ruthenium carbene catalyst chelated by 2,4,5,7-tetrachloro-1,8-dimercaptonaphthalene for olefin metathesis
Authors: Zhang Huiqing , Zhang Jiaren , Ma Peng , Wang Tao , Wang Jianhui
Published: March 2022

In this work, a 2,4,5,7-tetrachloro-1,8-dimercaptonaphthalene ligand-chelated ruthenium-based carbene olefin metathesis catalyst was synthesized.
Tailored metal–organic tetrahedral nanocages with aggregation-induced emission for an anti-counterfeiting ink and stimulus-responsive luminescence
Authors: Liu Wenxiu , Liu Guoxing , Zhu Xinju , Han Xin , Lu Anting , Lu Shuai , Shi Linlin , Hao Xin-Qi , Song Mao-Ping
Published: March 2022

Tailored metal–organic tetrahedral nanocages with aggregation-induced emission for an anti-counterfeiting ink and stimulus-responsive luminescence.
Recent advances in tin ion detection using fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensors
Authors: Manna Saikat Kumar , Mondal Sanchita , Jana Barnali , Samanta Khokan
Published: March 2022

The innovation of chemosensors for tin ions (Sn4+/Sn2+) has evolved as a key research topic in recent decades, garnering a lot of attention due to their environmental, industrial and biological importance.
Novel imidazole derivatives as potential aromatase and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors against breast cancer
Authors: Osmaniye Derya , Levent Serkan , Sağlık Begum Nurpelin , Karaduman Abdullah Burak , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım
Published: March 2022

The activity of the synthesized compounds against breast cancer was investigated. Molecular docking studies were performed against aromatase, MAO-B, and Caspase-3 enzymes.
Electrochemical studies of biofunctionalized MoS2 matrix for highly stable immobilization of antibodies and detection of lung cancer protein biomarker
Authors: Khatri Ritika , Puri Nitin K.
Published: March 2022

The CS/MoS2 matrix (CS = chitosan) is explored for the stable immobilization of anti-NSE antibodies and detection of the lung cancer protein biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for the first time.
Concanavalin A-conjugated gold nanoparticle/silica quantum dot (AuNPs/SiQDs-Con A)-based platform as a fluorescent nanoprobe for the bioimaging of glycan-positive cancer cells
Authors: Jafarzadeh Somayeh , Bargahi Nasrin , Shamloo Hassan Bagherpour , Soleymani Jafar
Published: March 2022

The glycan receptor is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycoprotein that is overexpressed on the surface of various cancer cells and has been utilized for wide applications.
An in situ DRIFTS study on nitrogen electrochemical reduction over an Fe/BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ-Ru catalyst at 220 °C in an electrolysis cell using a CsH2PO4/SiP2O7 electrolyte
Authors: Yuan Yao , Fujiwara Naoya , Tada Shohei , Kikuchi Ryuji
Published: March 2022

In situ DRIFTS measurements of an Fe/BZY-Ru cathode catalyst in an electrolysis cell using a CsH2PO4/SiP2O7 electrolyte were carried out in a mixed N2–H2 gas flow under polarization.
Anaerobic digestion of urea pretreated water hyacinth removed from Lake Abaya; bio-methane potential, system stability, and substance conversion
Authors: Keche Demissie Dawana , Fetanu Zemed Menberu , Babiso Wudinesh Zawuga , Wachemo Akiber Chufo
Published: March 2022

Anaerobic digestion of urea pretreated water hyacinth enhanced biomethane production potential and improved digestate quality as a bio-fertilizer for the plant growth.
Spontaneous in situ generation of photoemissive aurophilic oligomers in water solution based on the 2-thiocytosine ligand
Authors: Blasco Daniel , Rodríguez-Castillo María , Olmos M. Elena , Monge Miguel , López-de-Luzuriaga José M.
Published: March 2022

The doubly-aurated [{Au(PMe3)}2(μ-S,N1-2-thiocytosinate)]+ cation breaks up in water solution to form a strongly-coloured and photoluminescent neutral aurophilic oligomer.
Stereoregular functionalized polysaccharidesviacationic ring-opening polymerization of biomass-derived levoglucosan
Authors: Porwal Mayuri K. , Reddi Yernaidu , Saxon Derek J. , Cramer Christopher J. , Ellison Christopher J. , Reineke Theresa M.
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate the facile synthesis and characterization of stereoregular polysaccharides from the biomass-derived platform molecule levoglucosanviametal-triflate mediated cationic-ring opening polymerization.
Molecularly imprinted polymers outperform lectin counterparts and enable more precise cancer diagnosis
Authors: Pang Jilei , Li Pengfei , He Hui , Xu Shuxin , Liu Zhen
Published: March 2022

A triple molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based plasmonic assay was developed for precise cancer diagnosis in terms of the relative glycosylation expression of glycoprotein biomarkers.
Biomimetic synthesis of 2D ultra-small copper sulfide nanoflakes based on reconfiguration of the keratin secondary structure for cancer theranostics in the NIR-II region
Authors: Min Guangzong , Hong Fengqiu , Shi Chenyang , Zhao Qingliang , Lin Naibo , Liu Xiang-Yang
Published: March 2022

The keratin α-helix-to-random coil transition mechanism was explored for designing the synthesis of CuS nanoflakes with great biodegradability and biocompatibility for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal in the NIR-II window.
Planar microplasma optical emission gas spectroscopy based on selective growth of ZnO nanowires
Authors: Ramezannezhad Mohammad , Nikfarjam Alireza , Sichani Soroush Bakhshi , Akram Mohammad Makhdoumi
Published: March 2022

The present study demonstrates a novel miniature planar device by the selective growth of ZnO nanowires for microplasma optical emission gas spectroscopy. Gold electrodes are fabricated on the silicon substrate by thermal evaporation and photolithography process with a 15 μm gap size. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, are selectively grown on the electrodes without using a seeding layer by a hydrothermal method which is a cost‐effective approach. Growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on electrodes with sharp tips reinforce the field emission enhancement factor which results in lower microplasma generation voltage. The SEM characterizations reveals that ZnO nanowires are grown on electrodes, selectively. The diameter range and length of nanowires vary between 50 and 250 nm and 3 and 5 μm, respectively. Also, the gap distance between electrodes decreases from 15 μm to about 4–10 μm due to the growth of vertically aligned nanowires. The experimental tests are implemented for helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The results successfully exhibit the characteristic peaks and repeatable responses for all the samples. In addition, the required working voltage for microplasma formation of He, N2, and CO2 reduce 32%, 22%, and 20%, respectively, after ZnO nanowires growth. Besides, the electrodes sputtering rate significantly decreases during the tests due to the thermal stability of ZnO nanowires. According to the device performance, the proposed structure could be a promising candidate for relative low voltage, highly selective and stable optical emission spectroscopy for gas detection applications.
Efficient control and multi‐criteria energy scheduling of renewable‐based utility grid via pareto‐metaheuristic optimizers
Authors: Ramadan Haitham S. , Iqbal Mehroze , Becherif Mohamed , Haes Alhelou Hassan
Published: March 2022

Being a renewable influenced utility grid, the wind integrated hydrothermal system (WHTS) is considered as a future‐proof and contemporary energy system to reduce the dependency on depleting fossil fuels. However, due to intermittent nature of wind energy and complex operational constraints, offering the day‐ahead operation schedule of WHTS with joint awareness of fuel economy and emissions is classified as a complicated multi‐objective optimization problem. The major challenge is to maximize the utilization of clean hydro power to accommodate uncertain wind energy together with reduced dependency on fossils based thermal power. In this context, the paper devises an efficient control and multi‐criteria energy scheduling method, essentially comprised of adaptive repair and volume restriction to maximize the utilization of available hydro power. The pareto‐metaheuristic optimizer based on non‐dominated sorting is exploited for the day‐ahead scheduling of WHTS based utility grid. The most appropriate solution from pareto‐optimal archive is selected using fuzzy‐ranking index. The expected reductions in fuel cost and emissions are reflected using a significant probability scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed approach based on pareto‐metaheuristic is appraised by various case studies. The simulation results provide a suitable day‐ahead generation schedule of WHTS based grid, considering both economics and environmental aspects.
Weighing the Galactic disk using phase-space spirals
Authors: Widmark A. , Hunt J. A. S. , Laporte C. F. P. , Monari G.
Published: March 2022

In this fourth article on weighing the Galactic disk using the shape of the phase-space spiral, we have tested our method on a billion particle three-dimensionalN-body simulation, comprised of a Milky Way like host galaxy and a merging dwarf satellite. The main purpose of this work was to test the validity of our model’s fundamental assumptions that the spiral inhabits a locally static and vertically separable gravitational potential. These assumptions might be compromised in the complex kinematic system of a disturbed three-dimensional disk galaxy; in fact, the statistical uncertainty and any potential biases related to these assumptions are expected to be amplified for this simulation, which differs from the Milky Way in that it is more strongly perturbed and has a phase-space spiral that inhabits higher vertical energies. We constructed 44 separate data samples from different spatial locations in the simulated host galaxy. Our method produced accurate results for the vertical gravitational potential of these 44 data samples, with an unbiased distribution of errors with a standard deviation of 7%. We also tested our method under severe and unknown spatially dependent selection effects, also with robust results; this sets it apart from traditional dynamical mass measurements that are based on the assumption of a steady state and which are highly sensitive to unknown or poorly modelled incompleteness. Hence, we will be able to make localised mass measurements of distant regions in the Milky Way disk, which would otherwise be compromised by complex and poorly understood selection effects.
Cannabinoids as New Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Jordan Erin , Nguyen Gia-Nam , Piechot Alexander , Kayser Oliver
Published: March 2022

Glaucoma is a blinding eye disease that affects about 70 million patients globally today. The cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system have found attention for new drug
concepts. This review will analyze the potential of cannabinoids, primarily tetrahydrocannabinol, THCVS, and cannabinol, as drug candidates and the role of CB1/CB2 receptors with regard to
the pathophysiology of glaucoma. The mode of action of cannabinoids as innovative drug candidates and recent formulations for topical delivery will be discussed. Cannabinoid receptors with
associated TRPV channels will be evaluated for their potential as drug targets. Especially the role of the endocannabinoid system (fatty acid amide hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase)
impacting the prostaglandin network (cyclooxygenase, PGE, PGF) and neuroprotection by inhibition of nitric oxide radical formation is in the focus of this review. Delivery systems, including
recent clinical trials, will be analyzed to evaluate the potential for innovative future ophthalmological drugs.
Effects of Proprioception Training with Kinesio Taping of the Knee
Joints on the Proprioception, Balance, and Gait in Stroke Patients: A
Single-Blind Randomized Trials
Authors: Kim Kyung Hun , Kim Dong Hoon , Kim Jin Hong
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of proprioception training
with kinesio taping (PTKT) of the knee joints on the proprioception, balance and
gait in Stroke Patients. The subjects were randomly divided into the PTKT group
and control group, with subjects assigned to each group. In the PTKT group,
proprioception training with kinesio taping was performed for 4 weeks. The
control group was conducted in the same method except placebo kinesio taping.
Proprioception error measure using the electrogoniometer.. The balance ability
was measure using the pressure plate. Gait ability was evaluated using G-Walk.
The proprioception error, balance ability, and gait were significantly more
improved in the PTKT group than in the control group (p<0.05). These
findings suggest that proprioception training with kinesio taping of the knee
joints for proprioception, balance and gait in stroke patients.
Synthesis of 1,5-Disubstituted Tetrazoles from Nitrones by Using Bis(p-nitrophenyl) Phosphorazidate in the Presence of 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine
Authors: Matsugi Masato , Ishihara Kotaro , Shioiri Takayuki
Published: March 2022

A novel method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles from nitrones by using bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphorazidate in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. By this approach, various nitrones were converted into the corresponding tetrazoles. This method permits the preparation of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles without the need for toxic or explosive reagents.
Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization
Authors: Ye Mengchun , Xu Weiwei
Published: March 2022

Co-catalyzed C–H functionalization has received great attention due to the high earth abundance, low biotoxicity, and unique reactivity of cobalt; enantioselective control of these reactions has been a formidable challenge. Various efficient strategies have recently been developed for enantioselective Co-catalyzed C–H functionalization, but there is no topical review of this field. Herein, we give a detailed summary of this rapidly growing field, highlighting critical progress, current challenges, and future trends.

1 Introduction

2 Enantioselective C–H Functionalization via Low-Valent Co Catalysis

2.1 Chiral Diphosphines for Enantioselective Control

2.2 Chiral Monophosphines or N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Enantioselective Control

3 Enantioselective C–H Functionalization via High-Valent Co Catalysis

3.1 Chiral Acids for Enantioselective Control

3.2 Chiral Cp Ligands for Enantioselective Control

4 Conclusions and Outlook
Outcomes of Moderately Preterm Infants of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Gray Keyaria D. , Saha Shampa , Battarbee Ashley N. , Cotten Charles Michael , Boghossian Nansi S. , Walsh Michele C. , Greenberg Rachel G. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: March 2022

Objective Little is known about the hospital outcomes of moderately preterm (MPT; 29 0/7–33 6/7 weeks gestational age) infants born to insulin-dependent diabetic mothers (IDDMs). We evaluated characteristics and outcomes of MPT infants born to IDDMs compared with those without IDDM (non-IDDM).

Study Design Cohort study of infants from 18 centers included in the MPT infant database from 2012 to 2013. We compared characteristics and outcomes of infants born to IDDMs and non-IDDMs.

Results Of 7,036 infants, 527 (7.5%) were born to IDDMs. Infants of IDDMs were larger at birth, more often received continuous positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room, and had higher risk of patent ductus arteriosus (adjusted relative risk or aRR: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.85) and continued hospitalization at 40 weeks postmenstrual age (aRR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.18–2.05).

Conclusion MPT infants of IDDM received more respiratory support and prolonged hospitalizations, providing further evidence of the important neonatal health consequences of maternal diabetes.

Key Points
Synthesis and Biological Investigation of 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-a]azines as Potential HSF1 Inductors
Authors: Utepova Irina A. , Serebrennikova Polina O. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Guzhova Irina V. , Mikhaylova Elena R. , Antonchick Andrey P.
Published: March 2022

Derivatives of fused 1,2,4-triazines containing heterocyclic and metallocene fragments were obtained by one-pot oxidative cyclization of heterocyclic hydrazones in the presence of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. For 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]azines, the ability to activate HSF1 was investigated. The obtained compounds were shown to increase the degree of HSF1 activation. It was shown that the 1,2,4-triazines can be used to induce Hsp70 expression and decrease the extent of mutant HTT aggregate formation.
Spirocyclic Products via Carbene Intermediates from Thermolysis of 1,2-Dialkynylpyrrole and 1,2-Diethynylimidazole
Authors: Kerwin Sean M. , Jewett Ashley L. , Bondoc Joshua A. , Gilbreath Bradford L. , Reinus Brandon J.
Published: March 2022

The thermal rearrangements of 1,2-dialkynylimidazoles have been shown to lead to trapping products of cyclopenta[b]pyrazine carbene intermediates. Here we show that a similar rearrangement also occurs in the case of 1,2-diethynyl-1H-pyrrole, and that trapping the intermediate cyclopenta[b]pyridine carbene with solvent THF affords an ylide that undergoes a Stevens rearrangement to a spirocyclic product. An analogous rearrangement and trapping is observed for thermolysis of 1,2-dialkynylimidazoles in THF or 1,4-dioxane.
Concise Synthesis of (1R,2S,3R,6R)-6-Ethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2,3-triol, a Key Intermediate for the Synthesis of Uvacalols I and J
Authors: Rao Batchu Venkateswara , Surender Banothu , Vinaykumar Allam , Bharathkumar Hanumantharayappa
Published: March 2022

Uvacalols are novel carbasugars isolated from the genera Uvaria. In this study, we report concise syntheses of (1R,2S,3R,6R)-6-ethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2,3-triol, a key intermediate for the synthesis of uvacalols I and J, and of its epimer (1R,2S,3S,6R)-6-ethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2,3-triol, starting from cheap and readily available methyl d-glucopyranoside.
Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Rai Shruti , Gupta Gobind Narayan , Singh Subhas , Michael James , Misra Pankhuri , Gupta Bharti , Singh Suman , Prakash Akshaya , Tomar Maneela , Sadhukhan Satarupa , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: March 2022

Background Acne is estimated to affect 9.4% of the global population, making it the 8th most prevalent disease worldwide. Acne vulgaris (AV) is among the diseases that directly affect quality of life. This trial evaluated the efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHM) against placebo in AV.

Methods In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted at the National Institute of Homoeopathy, India, 126 patients suffering from AV were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either IHM (verum) in centesimal potencies or identical-looking placebo (control). The primary outcome measure was the Global Acne Grading System score; secondary outcomes were the Cardiff Acne Disability Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaires — all measured at baseline and 3 months after the intervention. Group differences and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated on the intention-to-treat sample.

Results Overall, improvements were greater in the IHM group than placebo, with small to medium effect sizes after 3 months of intervention; however, the inter-group differences were statistically non-significant. Sulphur (17.5%), Natrum muriaticum (15.1%), Calcarea phosphorica (14.3%), Pulsatilla nigricans (10.3%), and Antimonium crudum (7.1%) were the most frequently prescribed medicines; Pulsatilla nigricans, Tuberculinum bovinum and Natrum muriaticum were the most effective of those used. No harms, unintended effects, homeopathic aggravations or any serious adverse events were reported from either group.

Conclusion There was non-significant direction of effect favoring homeopathy against placebo in the treatment of AV.

Trial Registration CTRI/2018/11/016248; UTN: U1111–1221–8164.
Unexpected Intermediate Nerve Conduction Velocity Findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndromes Classified as Demyelinated or Axonal in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Baudou Eloïse , Cances Claude , Magdelaine Corinne , Latour Philippe , Louvier Ulrike Walther , Juntas-morales Raul , Cintas Pascal , Rivier François
Published: March 2022

Introduction Among the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), demyelinating forms are the best characterized, with a clear predominance of CMT1A. The axonal and intermediate forms are less described. The aim of this study is to report the genetic diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) according to the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) findings in a pediatric population.

Methods We retrospectively described a population of HMSN children with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of demyelinated, intermediate, or axonal forms. We compared the results of the genetic analyses with those of motor NCV in median nerve according to whether they were below 25 m/s (demyelinating group); between 25 and 45 m/s (intermediate group), or above 45 m/s (axonal group).

Results Among the 143 children with an HMSN, 107 had a genetic diagnosis of which 61 had an electromyogram. On NCV findings: seven (11%) pertain to the axonal group, 20 (32%) to the intermediate group, and 34 (55%) to the demyelinating group. When NCV was above 45 m/s, CMT2A was the predominant genetic diagnosis (70%) when NCV were below 25 m/s, CMT1A was the predominant genetic diagnosis (71%). Intermediate NCV findings group was the more heterogeneous with seven genetic CMT subgroups (60% CMT1A, CMT1B, CMT1X, CMT2A, CMT2N, CMT4G).

Conclusion Taking NCV values between 25 and 45 m/s to define an intermediate group of CMT in children leads to the inclusion of non-typically “intermediate”, especially CMT1A. We emphasize the broad spectrum of NCV in CMT1A that justified the systematic search of PMP22 duplication/deletion screening before next generation sequencing panel.
Thai Menschenbild: A Study of Chinese, Thai, and International Students in a Private Thai University as measured by the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE)
Authors: Waters Tony , Day Michael James
Published: March 2022

Thai Higher Education (Thai HE) is changing, due to international reform. This paper presents data collected in a longitudinal study carried out in Thailand during 2017–2018 using the US version of the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) and qualitative interviews. We offer a case study about the cultures and engagement of three groups of students found at an international private university in Thailand. The groups studied were international students, Chinese students in a mixed Thai/English curriculum and Thai students studying in Thai, all situated in a Thai HE institutional community. The (NSSE) was administered to 179 students: 89 in an International College, 54 Chinese students and 36 Thai students, as a control. Our results showed different attitudes toward studying, teachers, memorisation, participation, critical thinking, and empathy. This paper concludes with a discussion of how students in an international university in Thailand arrange themselves socially, and why this matters.
Tensile strain improves perovskites for sustainable energy production
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: March 2022

A thermochemical reduction method applied to perovskites can optimize their physiochemical properties for the oxygen-evolving reaction in water electrolysis.
Fast algorithm to identify minimal patterns of synchrony through fibration symmetries in large directed networks
Authors: Monteiro Higor S. , Leifer Ian , Reis Saulo D. S. , Andrade José S. , Makse Hernan A.
Published: March 2022

Recent studies have revealed the interplay between the structure of network circuits with fibration symmetries and the functionality of biological networks within which they have been identified. The presence of these symmetries in complex networks predicts the phenomenon of cluster synchronization, which produces patterns of a synchronized group of nodes. Here, we present a fast, and memory efficient, algorithm to identify fibration symmetries in networks. The algorithm is particularly suitable for large networks since it has a runtime of complexity O(Mlog⁡N) and requires O(M+N) of memory resources, where N and M are the number of nodes and edges in the network, respectively. The algorithm is a modification of the so-called refinement paradigm to identify circuits that are symmetrical to information flow (i.e., fibers) by finding the coarsest refinement partition over the network. Finally, we show that the algorithm provides an optimal procedure for identifying fibers, overcoming current approaches used in the literature.
Actively programmable MEMS-based racetrack-shaped terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Fu Yuping , Xu Xiaocan , Lin Yu-Sheng
Published: March 2022

We present four designs of actively tunable micro-electro-mechanical system-based racetrack-shaped metamaterials (RSMs), which are denoted as RSM_1, RSM_2, RSM_3, and RSM_4, respectively. RSM_1 is composed of asymmetrically single RSM, while RSM_2, RSM_3, and RSM_4 are all composed of asymmetrically double RSM layers with different rotation angles of 0°, 90°, and 180°, respectively. RSM_1 exhibits single-resonance in the transverse electric mode and dual-resonance in the transverse magnetic mode to perform the polarization-dependent characteristic. RSM_2, RSM_3, and RSM_4 exhibit tunable multi-resonance characteristics. By changing the height of the suspended layer, RSM_2, RSM_3, and RSM_4 exhibit optical switching characteristics. These switching resonances can be equivalent to binary bits, i.e., “0” and “1,” which can be programmed for opto-logic applications. These four designs of RSM devices possess the programmable multidigit switching characteristic by changing the incident polarization light. This study provides the possibility of a terahertz metamaterial to be used in the switch, programmable device, radar, and optical wireless communication applications.
Modeling of DC micro-glow discharges in atmospheric pressure helium self-organizing on cathodes
Authors: Bieniek M. S. , Hasan M. I.
Published: March 2022

Self-consistent numerical modeling was performed of a micro-glow discharge in helium self-organizing into 3D symmetrical patterns over a metallic cathode in the range of pressures of 600 to 800 Torr, for a constant gas temperature of 300 K. The 3D model employed comprised of Poisson's equation, equations of conservation of flux density, transport, and reactions, for a single ion species and electrons, assuming the drift-diffusion and local-field approximations. Multiple solutions to the model were found for the same range of discharge current, describing modes with different configurations of cathode spots. Stable transitions from the fundamental mode to the modes corresponding with self-organized patterns were identified as current was reduced from a discharge in the abnormal glow. At 600 Torr, the self-organized patterns comprised of symmetrically ordered, similarly sized, circular spots of current density that closely resembled patterns already identified in experiments and by modeling at lower pressures (in, e.g., xenon). At atmospheric pressure and above, the patterns emerged with one large central circular spot with small spots emerging uniformly around its periphery, resembling the shape of a gear. Modeling was also performed at atmospheric pressure for two constant temperatures above 300 K, of 600 and 1150 K. Qualitative changes to the patterns of current density on the cathode were observed. At 600 K, the first stable self-organized mode manifested similarly sized circular spots of current density on the cathode. At 1150 K, no self-organized patterns of spots emerged. The results indicate that self-organized patterns may emerge in atmospheric pressure micro-glow discharges but that gas temperature should be considered in an experiment attempting to characterize the phenomenon.
Tutorial: Thermomechanical constitutive modeling of shape memory polymers
Authors: Yan Cheng , Li Guoqiang
Published: March 2022

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are one of the intriguing functional materials and have been widely and intensively studied. In order to apply these new polymers to load bearing engineering structures and devices, developing physics-based thermomechanical constitutive models is mandatory. The aim of this Tutorial is to demonstrate how to establish a thermomechanical constitutive model for SMPs. It begins with classifications of SMPs, followed by a discussion on the underlying physics for different SMPs. After that, three classical SMP thermomechanical modeling frameworks are introduced, which include the visco-elasto-plastic based rheological framework, the storage strain-based phase transition framework, and the representative unit cell based multi-branch framework. Next, three commonly adopted new model establishment methods are presented within these frameworks with detailed examples. Finally, future perspectives on this research direction are discussed. We hope that this Tutorial will help readers understand the roadmap from physics to mathematical modeling of SMPs.