bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Exposure of Counseling Practicum Students to Humanistic Counseling Theories: A Survey of CACREP Programs
Authors: FITCH TREY J. , CANADA RICHARD , MARSHALL JENNIFER L.
Published: December 2011

Counseling theories applied in initial clinical training courses (practicum) influence the counselors‐in‐training's future practice of counseling. Results of this study indicated that humanistic models are influential in current counseling practicum courses and will maintain a strong influence in the future.
Adolescent Inpatient Behavioral Health Clients: Risk Factors and Methods of Preventing an Increase in HIV Infection Among Youth
Authors: HACKERMAN ANN E.
Published: December 2011

There has been a surge in the rates of adolescents who are becoming infected with HIV. This study of 214 “at risk” clients being treated on an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization basis examines why such clients continue to engage in high‐risk behaviors. Results and suggestions for a psychoeducational curriculum for professionals are included in this article.
Mentoring and Relational Mutuality: Protégés' Perspectives
Authors: BEYENE TSEDAL , ANGLIN MARJORIE , SANCHEZ WILLIAM , BALLOU MARY
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the concept of mentoring as a mutually beneficial relationship in which both the mentor and the protégé grow as a result of their relational connection. It identifies the characteristics of mentoring from the perspective of diverse college students. Results suggested that mentoring is perceived as important for success and that neither race nor gender were perceived as critical influences on the mentoring process but that friendship, nurturance, open‐mindedness, and trustworthiness are key to mentoring relationships.
Voices of Violence: A Study of Male Adolescent Aggression
Authors: MARGOLIN ANDREW , YOUGA JAN , BALLOU MARY
Published: December 2011

This article acknowledges the need for multiple approaches in understanding the problem of adolescent male aggression and seeks to add to the research on this topic by analyzing information obtained from interviews with 15 aggressive boys and outlining prevention and intervention strategies.
Expressing Grief Through Storytelling
Authors: GLAZER HILDA R. , MARCUM DONNA
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the use of storytelling to assist children who have experienced the death of a family member or friend. The results support the theory that children are able to use narrative to express grief and loss and that artwork can aid in the expression of both experiences.
Wellness: An Alternative Paradigm for Violence Prevention
Authors: MAKINSON LINDA S. , MYERS JANE E.
Published: December 2011

The authors address adolescentod relate violence by promoting holistic health before symptoms occur and by el is presented, as is a discussion of research on the components of the model that areusing strength‐based interventions to combat problems that already exist. A wellness md to violence and violence prevention with adolescents.
Let Knowledge Serve the City: A Community‐Based School Counseling Practicum
Authors: LEWIS ROLLA E.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the transformation of a school counseling specialization, the importance of school counselors focusing on helping all students tap their learning power, and how a university‐community collaboration resulted in a counseling practicum that serves as a core, contextual experience for school counselors‐in‐training.
Common Factors: Where the Soul of Counseling and Psychotherapy Resides
Authors: OTTENS ALLEN J. , KLEIN JAMES F.
Published: December 2011

The authors show how theoretical and empirical findings from the common factors and psychotherapy integration literatures possess potential for infusing soul into psychotherapy. They describe the term soul, outline how the definition translates into soul‐nurturing psychotherapy, examine the common factors and integration literatures, and discuss how their recommendations can reorient psychotherapy toward a more soulful practice.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Rogerian Personality Constructs
Authors: ASHBY JEFFREY S. , RAHOTEP SIMONE S. , MARTIN JAMES L.
Published: December 2011

The Feelings, Reactions, and Beliefs Survey (FRBS) was administered to 141 undergraduate students to evaluate differences in Rogerian personality constructs among adaptive, maladaptive, and nonperfectionists. The groups differed significantly on 5 FRBS subscales; Fully Functioning Person, Struggling With Feelings of Inferiority, Openness to Feelings in Relationships, Feeling Ambivalent in Relationships, and Focusing Conscious Attention.
Academic Achievement as a Function of Psychological Needs
Authors: STONE LeROY A. , FOSTER JAMES M.
Published: December 2011

The Stern Activities Index (SAI) was administered to 1,568 entering freshman students (945 males and 623 females) enrolling in 4 of the schools at Kansas State University. Product‐moment correlations were computed between predicted grade‐point average (GPA), obtained GPA, the difference between predicted and obtained GPA, and each of the 30 SAI need scales. 10 SAI scales were found to consistently correlate significantly with predicted GPA. A similar group of 9 SAI scales was found to consistently correlate significantly with obtained GPA. However, only 1 SAI scale was found which consistently correlated significantly with the difference between predicted and obtained GPA. Even though the relationship of this one scale was significant, meaningfully it was a low relationship. The possibility that scholastic aptitude measures may be confounded by personality aspects was discussed.
CONCEPTS OF DISABILITIES
Authors: BARKER DONALD G.
Published: December 2011

An inverse correlational analysis of mean semantic differential ratings toward 20 types of disability was performed in order to describe the degree of resemblance of public concepts toward such conditions as “an alcoholic,” “someone born blind,” “a leper,” “someone with tuberculosis,” “the average man,” etc. The analysis yielded 2 distinct and contrasting attitudinal factors toward disability: (a) an organic factor, and (b) a functional factor.
Field Theory and Differential Press: Implications for Counseling
Authors: HERR EDWIN L.
Published: December 2011

Environmental demands may have positive or negative effects upon individual behavior and goal direction. This paper, using field theory as a frame of reference, attempts to examine the impact on students of various school and individual demands and expectations. Specifically, the use of stereotype as a basis for reward and encouragement systems is explored. Implications for counselors are derived from the discussion which calls for continued self‐examination of counselor attitudes and procedures as well as an increasing concern by counselors with their catalytic, human relations function in promoting positive school climates and realistic individual demands.
Do Interest Inventories Measure Estimated Abilities?
Authors: McCALL JOHN N. , MOORE GILBERT D.
Published: December 2011

Six months after taking the Kuder Preference Record (KPR) with the usual estimated‐interest set, 246 ninth graders retook the KPR with an estimated‐ability set. The mean Pearson coefficient for the total sample, between scores for each student, was .59. It averaged higher for girls than for boys and also higher for the more intelligent students. Separate correlations between estimated‐interest and estimated‐ability for each Kuder activity area differed no greater than chance for students classed by sex, intelligence, or social class. But slight differences in correlation between the sexes, when viewed across all 10 activity areas, suggested a social role determinant of measured interest. The data suggest that interest inventories give results which confound estimated ability with interest.
Career Patterns of Male College Graduates
Authors: Doyle Robert E.
Published: December 2011

This was an investigation of the vocational behavior of male college graduates during their early work experiences. The career patterns of two alumni groups were identified and the influence of 41 factors on their vocational development were investigated and analyzed. The results of the pattern analysis reveal the following occupational trends: (a) 70 per cent of male college alumni remain in their initial occupational fields; (b) 25 per cent of the alumni have one or more exploratory jobs and then establish themselves in an occupational field in which they remain for three or more years; and (c) 5 per cent of the graduates never settle down into one occupational field. Correlations between the observed career patterns and the 41 variables are statistically significant in only a few cases. The study suggests that many of the factors will be important only at particular reference points in the careers of the college alumni.
Video in the College Classroom: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Thoresen Carl E.
Published: December 2011

The effect of a counselor working directly with college teachers on a specific student learning problem—oral nonparticipation in discussion classes—was explored. Seven college history instructors viewed with a counselor videotaped excerpts of their own classroom discussion sessions. During playback sessions the counselor modeled and verbally and nonverbally reinforced certain instructor behaviors seen on video. Four instructors viewed tapes individually (IT) with the counselor; three instructors viewed tapes in a group (GT) with the counselor. Results: (1) Instructors reported video‐playback counseling was very helpful in changing their behavior in the classroom; (2) Instructors became more aware of how verbal and nonverbal cues influence student behaviors; (3) Small group playbacks seemed as effective as individual playback procedure.
Large Score Changes on the Scholastic Aptitude Test
Authors: Jacobs Paul I.
Published: December 2011

Sixty candidates showing large increases or decreases in score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) from junior to senior year were interviewed. The candidates' explanations for the score changes were placed into Thorndike's categories of possible sources of test score variance, with the largest number falling into the category “lasting and general characteristics of the individual.” The implication of each category for testing and guidance procedures is discussed.
A Gross‐Cultural Comparison of Needs and Achievement of University Freshmen
Authors: Gibbs D. N.
Published: January 2012

An attempt was made to replicate an American study in Australia. In the Australian study, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was administered to 203 students who were later differentiated as 30 male and 72 female Australian study, the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was adminis‐achievement was related to needs for achievement and persistence, whereas nonachievement was associated with needs for affiliation, nurturance, and change. For males, achievement was related to deference, whereas non‐achievement was associated with heterosexual needs. In general, successful students were characterized by needs for order and endurance; unsuccessful students by needs for change, heterosexuality, and aggression. The Australian results conformed to those of the replicated American study in that there were marked sex differences in the characteristics related to academic achievement, though more specific cross‐cultural correspondence occurred only in relation to the results for female freshmen.
Wisconsin's Research‐Through‐Service Program for Superior High School Students
Authors: Rothnky John W. M. , Sanborn Marshall P.
Published: January 2012

The Research and Guidance Laboratory for Superior Students was organized at the University of Wisconsin in 1957 to conduct longitudinal research‐through‐service for superior high school students. It currently involves 2,000 young people from 75 Wisconsin secondary schools. Each year faculties of cooperating schools use multiple criteria to select new ninth‐grade participants. Selected students visit the Laboratory annually throughout high school for evaluation, testing, counseling, and visits to classes and professors in fields of their choice. After students come to the University, Laboratory staff members visit their schools to interview parents and meet with teachers. Laboratory activities generate many research questions concerning identification, guidance, and educational and vocational development of superior students. It is intended to continue research and follow‐up of Laboratory subjects for many years after they leave high school.
The Effect of Mother's Employment on the Achievement, Aspirations, and Expectations of the Child
Authors: Banducci Raymond
Published: December 2011

This study of 3,014 high school seniors examined school achievement and educational aspirations and expectations of youth of working and nonworking mothers. The sample was stratified by socio‐economic level and by the sex of the student. The fact that mothers were employed full‐time appeared to have little, if any, detrimental effect on children in regard to educational aspirations, expectations, and achievement. There was even a trend for these children to have higher educational aspirations and expectations than children of nonworking mothers, with the exception of boys from the professional socio‐economic level. Aspirations and expectations were less divergent at higher socio‐economic levels than at lower levels. Girls with working mothers planned to combine a homemaking and working career in their own lives more often than did girls with nonworking mothers. Children of both sexes with working mothers, at lower socio‐economic levels but not at professional levels, expected more financial help from their family for future schooling.
Predicting Units Needed for College Entrance
Authors: Clarke Robert B. , Gelatt H. B.
Published: December 2011

This article reports an example of guidance research to improve student decision‐making. Each of 278 students in a recent high school graduating class in Palo Alto was classified according to the criterion of highest level of college (in terms of academic preparation required for entrance) by which he had been accepted. A correlation analysis indicated that the criterion could be predicted almost as accurately from test scores and grades available at the end of Grade 9 as from data available in grades 11 and 12. The criterion data and the 9th grade data were incorporated into an experience table for use by 9th graders in determining how rigorous a high school program a student would need for entrance into the highest level of college by which he might eventually be accepted. An additional analysis indicated that many of the poorer students took far more college preparatory courses than they needed for college entrance purposes.
The Non‐Achievement Syndrome, Group Therapy, and Achievement Change
Authors: Roth Robert M. , Mauksch Hans O. , Peiser Kenneth
Published: December 2011

174 selected failing students at Illinois Institute of Technology were provided group counseling as a condition of their remaining in school. The assumption of the psychodynamics of the non‐achievement syndrome was made regarding these students and a group counseling approach (NAS therapy) derived from an approach delineated by Roth and Meyersburg seemed appropriate and was utilized. 52 male subjects in this population were randomly selected for study as were 52 probationary, noncounseled males who were used as a comparison group. The results indicated that the counseled group increased their GPA's significantly and that these changes held over time. The GPA's of the comparison group did not increase significantly. The differences were attributable to the counseling experience.
Academic Orientation of College Students' Wives
Authors: Hildebrand Verna
Published: January 2012

52 per cent of a selected sample of wives of Texas Technological College students responded to a questionnaire that furnished a description of their education, their employment and family status as well as indications of their attitudes toward higher education and possible college courses in which they might enroll if interested. Results show the average wife of a student is between 20 and 24 years of age, is employed, has one preschool child. A college education is more important to the majority “now” than it was when they married. 42 per cent had started college but had not completed it and were not enrolled. They wished a wider selection of courses were offered in night school. Most indicated they would also like service courses related to home and family life. Implications are discussed for those counseling women in high school and college.
Vocational Rehabilitation of the Socially Disadvantaged: Demographic and Intellectual Correlates of Outcome
Authors: Heilbrun Alfred B. , Jordan Brian T.
Published: December 2011

Data are reported relating various demographic and intelligence attributes of socially disadvantaged clients to successful or unsuccessful outcome of a comprehensive vocational assessment and guidance program. Mothers of illegitimate children tended to complete the assessment program but to remain unemployed. Age was positively related to success, whereas education was unrelated. Verbal and performance IQ were positively related to outcome for females. Successful Caucasian males were higher in verbal IQ than successful male Caucasians, but no difference was found for Negro males. Performance IQ was nonpredictive of outcome for both white and Negro males. Higher verbal than performance IQ was positively correlated with success for male Caucasians.
The Early Identification of Managerial Talent
Authors: Miner John B.
Published: December 2011

Research was conducted to determine if managerial motivation can be identified during the period of graduate education, or whether it emerges only subsequent to industrial employment. 106 graduate business students were tested with the Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS) which was scored to give an Item Score and a Rare Score. 41 indicated a desire for managerial employment, 32 a desire to teach, and 33 a desire for specialized or professional employment in business. The mean MSCS Item Scores for these groups were 7.71, .59, and 1.27, respectively; the Rare Scores, 1.00, −1.72, and −dash;1.36. In both instances the scores for those with managerial goals were significantly above those for the other groups (p < .01). These results support the conclusion that managerial motivation develops prior to the initiation of the business career, and exerts a strong influence on vocational choice.
Funded Personnel Services Research: Patterns and Trends
Authors: Walz Garry R. , Lee James L.
Published: December 2011

Completed and on‐going research projects in the personnel services funded by the Office of Education were analyzed regarding the topics investigated, geographical area in which the research was being done, agencies receiving the grant, and the frequency of different research designs and statistical analyses. The analysis suggests that research in the personnel services is predominantly centered in the North Central accreditation region; is experimental in design and has an apparently growing programmatic emphasis; and, finally, is primarily concerned with college student populations. A number of questions are raised for consideration in the discussion and conclusions.
Last Tag
Authors: Stefflre Buford
Published: December 2011

Before Journal editor Buford Stefflre died on April 17, 1969, he submitted a Letter to the Editor to be published in the June Journal, officially the final issue under his six‐year editorship. He titled it “Last Tag.” We could hardly know at that time what unfortunate significance lay hidden there. All of us who knew him either as a person or an academic stronghold were grieved at his untimely death. We remain grateful, however, that in life he chose to share with us his integrity, his wisdom, and his bright, warm, and continuing spirit.—P&G Journal staff.
The Adolescent with Diabetes and the Public Schools—A Misunderstanding
Authors: Collier Boy N.
Published: December 2011

The academic aptitudes and school achievement of the children with diabetes in 58 junior and senior high schools have been explored. Teachers and school counselors were queried concerning their understanding of diabetes, and its management and nature of interaction with the child and his parents. Implications for public school education of the chronically handicapped child were presented.
Student‐reported grades as predictors
Authors: HANNA GERALD S. , BLIGH HAROLD F. , LENKE JOANNE M.
Published: December 2011

Student‐reported past grades were compared with school‐reported grades as to their usefulness in predicting success in mathematics courses. Student‐reported grades were as valid as school‐reported grades in predicting criteria of algebra success but were slightly less valid in predicting criteria of geometry success. It is concluded that for the purposes described here, student‐reported grades may be used.
A student‐operated crisis center
Authors: MCCARTHY BARRY W. , BERMAN ALAN L.
Published: January 2012

In this article we describe an attempt to meet a university community's needs for emergency mental health services through the establishment of a student‐operated telephone emergency service. The service provides an interesting model for use of nonprofessionals in mental health services, in which the professional functions primarily as a trainer and consultant rather than offering direct services. We describe the structure of the center and then discuss further innovations and projects.
College freshmen view their parents
Authors: SANDELL SANDRA D. , ROSSMANN JACK E.
Published: January 2012

Interview data were collected from a random sample of 55 Macalester College freshmen in the fall of 1968 and the spring of 1969 in an attempt to explore the students' relationships with their parents. In general, students described their parents favorably and with enthusiasm. About half the students reported that they usually discussed important matters with their parents. The major areas of conflict between students and their parents were religion, politics, and sex. Most students felt that they were different from their parents in beliefs, values, goals, or life styles. They frequently claimed to be more liberal and less materialistic and to have a more casual way of living.
Hot‐line drug counseling and Rogerian methods
Authors: SCHMITZ MICHAEL B. , MICKELSON DOUGLAS J.
Published: January 2012

Recent literature attests to the growth of programs that deal with drug abusers. Most of these programs are located on campuses and are oriented to the campus population. This article deals with a broader‐based, community‐oriented, hot‐line counseling service designed to assist drug abusers. The authors have attempted to apply a modified Rogerian counseling model to hot‐line counseling of the drug abuser.
The contract as a counseling technique
Authors: THOMAS G. PATIENCE , EZELL BETTY
Published: January 2012

The contract system has been successfully employed in recent years as a method of conducting individual academic study. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how an adaptation of this system may be used to provide an innovative approach not only to counseling but also to other segments of the school guidance program. Besides providing a logical, self‐directed approach to problem solving, the contract system forces the student to assume responsibility for his own behavior. The rewards and punishments inherent in this system are only those the individual metes out to himself.
A political action role for APGA
Authors: HEALY CHARLES C.
Published: January 2012

APGA needs to consider what its appropriate political role will be. In this article the author suggests that APGA adopt the role of declaring its professional position when professional concerns will be influenced by political decisions. The mechanism he describes for implementing such a role allows each member of APGA to participate in the political actions of the organization.
The new womanhood: counselor alert
Authors: BERRY JANE B.
Published: January 2012

“The New Womanhood reaches beyond the traditional educational and vocational dimensions. It embraces the personhood of a woman.
Credo of a militant humanist
Authors: CARKHUFF ROBERT R.
Published: January 2012

Beginning with the basic assumption that the only reason to live is to grow, the author discusses the dozen propositions that guide him in his efforts at human and community resource development. These propositions revolve around the physical, emotional, and intellectual development of the individual.
A Chicano/black/white encounter
Authors: WALKER JIMMY R. , HAMILTON LAWRENCE S.
Published: January 2012

What happens when members of three ethnic groups spend eighteen hours together in an “Encounter Weekend”? A facilitation style that placed the major responsibility for group progress on the group itself brought about marked behavioral changes among the group participants. The group progressed from distrust, suspicion, and violent rhetoric to effective communication and understanding. The interracial encounter is a powerful social tool that counselors can use to help people develop respect for each other and live together more humanely.
The NNPI: in sickness or in health
Authors: LOESCH LARRY C. , JOHNSON RICHARD H.
Published: January 2012

The much‐maligned personality inventory is further maligned in this article by two authors who claim to have some expertise in the area of test development. This claim may or may not be substantiated by the fact that one author received his degree in water‐skiing and the other received his degree in ceramics. The authors request that any correspondence regarding comments or criticisms of this article be sent to them in a plain brown wrapper.
Extinction: guidelines for its selection and use
Authors: BENOIT ROBERT B. , MAYER G. ROY
Published: January 2012

This article focuses on the use of “extinction” as a classroom behavior modification technique: whether or not the counselor should suggest its use in a given situation and how to insure its maximal effectiveness once it is chosen as an appropriate procedure. The authors present some questions to be considered when deciding whether or not to use extinction and give guidelines for its best use. The questions and guidelines are presented in a flow chart format in order to facilitate easy and quick use by practitioners.
a gestalt point of view on facilitating growth in counseling
Authors: HARMAN ROBERT L.
Published: January 2012

Personal growth has frequently been mentioned as one positive attribute clients might realize through counseling. On the other hand, textbooks on counseling theory have little to say on the topic of growth. If counselors are to be facilitators of client growth, it would seem essential that they become familiar with the concept of growth and ways to facilitate it. The author defines growth from a gestalt therapy point of view and provides techniques and examples of ways to facilitate client growth.
Public Relations Design for College Career Counseling Services
Authors: Dwight Alice Heasley
Published: December 2011

This article describes the step‐by‐step design of a long‐range public relations program, initiated at Essex Community College, Baltimore, which noticeably increased student use of career counseling offerings. Effective public relations principles are shown to bear a close relationship to successful career program development.
Career Education for Persons With Handicaps
Authors: BROLIN DONN E. , GYSBERS NORMAN C.
Published: December 2011

Handicapped youth and adults still encounter serious problems assimilating successfully into today's rapidly changing society. After tracing the major events that have increased the momentum of career education for persons with handicaps, Brolin and Gysbers advocate a life‐centered curriculum approach, which focuses on 22 skills essential for successful community living and working. They recommend that counselors assume specific responsibilities in this approach and outline competencies necessary to carry out guidance and counseling activities for persons with handicaps at four phases of career education. The article includes examples of successfully operating career education programs and concludes with a challenge to the profession.
The Creative Use of Poetry in the Counseling Process
Authors: Gladding Samuel T.
Published: January 2012

Poetry is an effective, creative tool in counseling. This article enumerates the advantages of using poetry and poetic methods (e.g., such language makes use of a natural system of communication) and mentions techniques for incorporating either the poem as a whole or in part. Ways of creating poetic awareness in counseling are emphasized. Guidelines for when to use poetry in counseling are suggested along with cautions on the incorporation of this method.
Cognitive Templating: A Technique for Feminist (and Other) Counselors
Authors: Pyke Sandra W.
Published: January 2012

A technique designed to provide an idiosyncratic representation of a client's personal socialization experiences and a reanalysis of these experiences from a social‐learning‐theory perspective reveals the interconnectedness of client cognitions, feelings, and actions that contribute to the client's self‐image. These data are presented to the client visually in diagrammatic form and aid the process of restructuring the self‐concept. A case study illustrating the use of the cognitive‐templating technique is presented, and the advantages of the procedure are outlined.
Staff and Resident Involvement in a Therapeutic Community: For Better or Worse?
Authors: Page Richard C.
Published: January 2012

Therapeutic communities are a commonly used context for counseling persons with drug problems or emotional problems and for other populations of clients. The group dynamics of therapeutic communities are very complex. When the staff members of a therapeutic community develop communication problems with one another or when these staff members become overly involved with residents, staff problems almost always have a negative impact on the program of the therapeutic community. This article describes how staff problems can negatively affect the program of a therapeutic community and also relates the kinds of problems encountered in a therapeutic community to the problems encountered in rehabilitation programs in other settings.
Social and Developmental Psychology: Trends Influencing the Future of Counseling
Authors: HAVIGHURST ROBERT J.
Published: December 2011

Recent discoveries in the social and behavioral sciences are employed in this article to project major changes in the coming two decades that will be of greatest consequence for counselors. Socioeconomic, sociocultural, and demographic factors are examined and their implications for counselors are explicated. Counseling is also considered in relation to life‐span development, through the time of late adulthood. Havighurst relates developmental knowledge to counseling youth, specifically the early adolescent and the new college student.
Counseling and Comprehension of the Economics of Change
Authors: FREE CHRISTINE G. , TIEDEMAN DAVID V.
Published: December 2011

This article invites counselors to transform their personal perspectives on the processes of being economic and offers an experience of comprehension. A fundamental economic process is that of interdependently creating value. Historically, the conceived basis of value has evolved to a presently emerging conception of the provision of ideas as capital. Mastery and practice of comprehension is necessary to integrate this conception into the ideals and practice of schooling. Experiencing comprehension suggests means of using its process as the content of counseling. Consequently, the counseling goal, personally achieved comprehension through application of economic principles in guidance procedures, contributes to this creation of value.
Socialized to Die Younger? Hypermasculinity and Men's Health
Authors: MEINECKE CHRISTINE E.
Published: January 2012

This article presents recent statistics concerning average life expectancies of men and women and leading causes of death among men; reviews a number of articles that propose “causes” and “cures” for higher male mortality; suggests that issues surrounding men's health are integrally related to traditional masculine socialization, hypermasculinity, and societal devaluation of feminine behaviors; and proposes an interactional model of male mortality based on Levi's (1974) diathesis‐stress model of illness.
A Lesson from the Physicists
Authors: TRANEL DANIEL D.
Published: December 2011

From their beginnings, the social scientists and those in the helping professions have adhered to the cause and effect model of research and application originally developed by the physical scientists. This model was first discredited in physics by Heisenberg's conception in 1927 of the uncertainty principle. If, therefore, this model is inapplicable in the world of material substances, it is all the more inappropriate and misleading in the unique world of the individual, where measurement and predictability are inherently precluded. The same dramatic shift in outlook that the uncertainty principle necessitated among the physical scientists is long overdue among those whose commitment is to the enhancement of the unique world of the person.
Career, Marriage, and Family: Values in Adult Roles and Guidance
Authors: TITTLE CAROL KEHR
Published: January 2012

Use of occupational, marriage, and parenthood values may help young women to distinguish values that can be satisfied in major adult roles and assist in the earlier formation of a vocational identity.
A House Divided: Guidance and Counseling in 20th‐Century America
Authors: AUBREY ROGER F.
Published: January 2012

Historical analysis of guidance and counseling within American public education reveals a house divided by diversity and contradictions.
SOCIAL TRENDS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Nichols F. G.
Published: January 2012

Shortly after the publication of the report of President Hoover's Committee on Recent Social Trends, it occurred to Ernest M. Best of Toronto to prepare a short outline of the principal trends revealed by that monumental study. William F. Ogburn of the University of Chicago, director of the study, gave his approval, adding his criticism and suggestions. The 21 items resulting are listed at the left. Recently Owen E. Pence has further developed the display by placing against the various trends listed certain implications for educational and vocational adjustment. These occur in the right‐hand column. This suggested list does not rob anyone of the satisfaction of developing for himself a more detailed list of important implications.
Looking Ahead to Television Occupations
Authors: GOLDSMITH ALFRED N.
Published: January 2012

Modern science and invention constantly are creating new occupational opportunities in a rapidly moving world. In the accompanying article a prominent New York City consulting industrial engineer gives a fascinating overview of what may be expected occupationally with the coming development of television. The information is most valuable to counselors of youth who might well heed the warning to proceed with caution!
A Method of Occupational Description
Authors: COWLEY W. H. , BEIGHLEY K. C.
Published: January 2012

In addition to presenting a carefully planned method for preparing occupational descriptions for use in a given community, the accompanying article describes the occupation of the cosmetologist. Additional interesting information relating to beauty culture is contained in the two‐scene skit that follows, “Glorifying the American Girl,” beginning on page 648.
Branch Association Activities
Authors: CORRE MARY P.
Published: January 2012

All branch news items should be sent to Miss Corre, Chairman of the NVGA Committee on Branch Associations, 216 E. Ninth St., Cincinnati, O.
Setting Up An Orientation Course
Authors: SIMLEY IRVIN T.
Published: January 2012

High school administrators who are interested in preparing their pupils to meet the requirements of local industries will welcome this account of an elective orientation course which prepares its high‐school enrollees for jobs in the large packing and livestock industry of South St. Paul. Formulated with the cooperation of local civic leaders, educators, and industrialists, this program may well serve as a model for other communities to follow.
Two Strings to One's Bow
Authors: SELKE ARTHUR C.
Published: January 2012

Do modern employment conditions demand versatility rather than specialization? What are the advantages of being prepared to fit into more than one kind of job? The thoughtful counselor who is helping youth to find a place in our modern working world will welcome this article which answers these vital questions.
A Special Counselor on Education for the Arts
Authors: LEVY FLORENCE N.
Published: January 2012

A picture of counseling in the specialized field of art is given here by a woman with a long and varied experience. The nature of the interviews and the long list showing the range of occupations in art work will be of interest to vocational counselors.
The First Vocational Guidance Textbook
Authors: GEISEL JOHN B.
Published: January 2012

[Several times in the last few years Occupations has published notices about books dealing with vocational guidance long before the time of Parsons. See, for example, “Vocational Guidance in London—1747 to 1761,” by Owen E. Pence, page 323, February, 1940. In the following article we go even farther back—into antiquity. The book discussed, The Instruction of Tuauf, was written for his son by an Egyptian who lived more than 45 centuries ago.—Ed.]
Opportunities for the Physical Therapist
Authors: RICE BETTY A.
Published: January 2012

Here is a field worth exploring, for the present demand for physical therapists is likely to continue through the post‐war period of rehabilitation. The requirements, accredited schools, and earnings are given here.
ELEMENTARY STUDENTS' BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS: TEACHER PERCEPTION AND TREATMENT
Authors: Dobson Russell , Dobson Mary
Published: December 2011

This study was made to determine whether there are significant differences in the perception and treatment of student behavioral problems by teachers in relation to cultural bias, years‐of‐experience differential, and location of teachers in schools in lower‐ and middle‐class neighborhoods. Teachers of lower‐class children perceived behavioral acts as being less serious than did teachers of middle‐class children. The teachers with more than 10 years of experience viewed behavioral acts as being more serious in nature than did teachers with 3–10 years of experience. No significant differences in attitudes toward treatment of behavioral problems existed among all designated teacher groups.
Identifying alignment parameters affecting implanted patellofemoral mechanics
Authors: Fitzpatrick Clare K. , Baldwin Mark A. , Clary Chadd W. , Wright Abraham , Laz Peter J. , Rullkoetter Paul J.
Published: January 2012

Complications of the patellofemoral (PF) joint remain a common cause for revision of total knee replacements. PF complications, such as patellar maltracking, subluxation, and implant failure, have been linked to femoral and patellar component alignment. In this study, a dynamic finite element model of an implanted PF joint was applied in conjunction with a probabilistic simulation to establish relationships between alignment parameters and PF kinematics, contact mechanics, and internal stresses. Both traditional sensitivity analysis and a coupled probabilistic and principal component analysis approach were applied to characterize relationships between implant alignment and resulting joint mechanics. Critical alignment parameters, and combinations of parameters, affecting PF mechanics were identified for three patellar designs (dome, modified dome, and anatomic). Femoral internal–external (I‐E) alignment was identified as a critical alignment factor for all component designs, influencing medial–lateral contact force and anterior–posterior translation. The anatomic design was sensitive to patellar flexion–extension (F‐E) alignment, while the dome, as expected, was less influenced by rotational alignment, and more by translational position. The modified dome was sensitive to a combination of superior–inferior, F‐E, and I‐E alignments. Understanding the relationships and design‐specific dependencies between alignment parameters can aid preoperative planning, and help focus instrumentation design on those alignment parameters of primary concern. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1167–1175, 2012
The atypical subthalamic nucleus—An anatomical variant relevant for stereotactic targeting
Authors: Reese René , Pinsker Markus O. , Herzog Jan , Wodarg Fritz , Steigerwald Frank , Pötter‐Nerger Monika , Falk Daniela , Deuschl Günther , Mehdorn H. Maximilian , Volkmann Jens
Published: January 2012

Background:

The improvement of PD motor symptoms by DBS of the STN depends on exact targeting.

Methods:

A combination of MRI and multitrajectory microrecordings was used for localization of the STN in a group of 228 consecutive PD patients.

Results:

In 1% of our cases, the STN was consistently shifted in the anterior (3.3 ± 0.8mm) and medial (3.0 ± 0.9mm) direction within the target plane, compared to controls. Adjustment of the original target coordinates after intraoperative reevaluation of the MRI and confirmation by typical subthalamic neuronal recordings along the deviant trajectory allowed the implantation of clinically effective electrodes in all cases. The relative improvement of the motor UPDRS at 6‐months follow‐up in patients with an atypical and typical STN was comparable.

Conclusion:

An atypical position of the STN does not need to complicate DBS surgery, if detected by a combination of MRI‐based targeting and electrophysiological guidance. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Diagnostic agreement in patients with psychogenic movement disorders
Authors: Morgante Francesca , Edwards Mark J. , Espay Alberto J. , Fasano Alfonso , Mir Pablo , Martino Davide ,   on behalf of the DISMOV‐SIN study group on psychogenic movement disorders
Published: January 2012

Background:

The reliability and applicability of published diagnostic criteria for psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs) have never been examined.

Methods:

Eight movement disorder and six general neurologists rated 14 patients diagnosed with PMD and 14 patients diagnosed with organic movement disorders. Raters provided a dichotomous judgment (i.e., psychogenic or organic) upon review of video‐based movement phenomenology and a category of diagnostic certainty based on the Fahn‐Williams and Shill‐Gerber criteria after accessing standardized clinical information. We measured interobserver agreement on the diagnosis and clinical certainty judgment of PMD.

Results:

In both groups of raters, agreements were “fair” on the video‐based dichotomous judgment, but improved to “substantial” after access to standardized clinical information. “Slight” to “poor” agreement was reached for the “probable” and “possible” categories of diagnostic certainty corresponding to both diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions:

Diagnosis according to clinical available criteria for PMD yields poor diagnostic agreement. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Tunable light‐harvesting polymers containing embedded dipolar chromophores for polymer solar cell applications
Authors: Zeigler David F. , Chen Kung‐Shih , Yip Hin‐Lap , Zhang Yong , K.‐Y. Jen Alex
Published: January 2012

A series of light‐harvesting conjugated polymers were designed and synthesized for polymer solar cells. These newly designed polymers comprise an unusual two‐dimensional conjugated structure with an electron‐rich thiophene–triphenylamine backbone and stable planar indacenodithiophene π‐bridges terminated with tunable electron acceptors. It was found that the electron‐withdrawing strength of the acceptor could be used to manipulate the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and bandgap (as much as 0.3 eV), generating derivatives with complementary absorbance in the visible spectrum. This approach provides great flexibility in fine tuning the electronic and optical properties of the resultant polymers and facilitates the investigation of how these chemical modifications alter the subsequent photovoltaic properties of these materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Adhesion of U‐937 Monocytes on Different Amine‐functionalised Polymer Surfaces
Authors: St‐Georges‐Robillard Amélie , Ruiz Juan‐Carlos , Petit Alain , Wang Hong Tian , Mwale Fackson , Elkin Bentsian , Oehr Christian , Lerouge Sophie , Wertheimer Michael R.
Published: December 2011

Human U‐937 monocytes are notoriously reluctant to adhere to normally cell‐adhering surfaces, for example tissue‐culture poly(styrene). In earlier work, these laboratories observed that organic thin films prepared by plasma‐ or ultraviolet‐assisted polymerisation, so‐called PVP:N, did facilitate the adhesion and proliferation of U‐937 under the condition that the concentration of primary amines exceed a critical value, [NH2]crit ≥ 4.2 at.%. That criterion being satisfied by pristine Parylene diX AM, we have compared its performance with those of particular types of PVP:N, L‐PPE:N and UV‐PE:N. Here, we report a study of aging of these coating types in atmospheric air, then of time‐dependent adhesion of U‐937 cells. Although there are similarities, the coatings also manifest interesting differences that so far elude detailed understanding.

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Behavior of bolted angle connection under catenary condition in fire
Authors: Saedi Daryan Amir , Yahyai Mahmoud
Published: January 2012

The behavior of bolted angle connections under the combination of shear and tensile forces is studied in this paper to simulate the force applied on a connection in a real fire. First, ansys is used to develop a 3D model of these connections. These models are analyzed in a similar condition to experimental tests, ignoring the tensile force, and the results are compared with those of the experimental tests. Having assured of the accuracy, we studied the connection models in several conditions under the combination of shear and tensile forces. The results show that the strength of connection is rapidly decreased when the temperature is increased, and the decrease pattern of connection strength is similar to decrease pattern of bolts used in the connection. Moreover, investigation of strength reduction value of these connections by the increase of temperature under shear and tensile forces obviously shows that it is possible that the failure of steel frames at elevated temperatures occurs at the connections, and thus utilization of catenary action to enhance the fire resistance of structural steel beams requires investigation of the capacity of steel connections to resist the tying forces generated at the ends of the beams. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Properties of X‐Type Alkyl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants Derived from Cyanuric Chloride
Authors: Li Pengfei , Chen Qihu , Zhao Jiale , Wang Hushan , Li Chen , Hu Zhiyong , Cao Duanlin
Published: December 2011

A series of X‐type alkyl sulfonate Gemini surfactants (XCn, n = 6, 8, 10) was synthesized by a simple method. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI–MS and Elementary analysis. The surface activity and thermodynamic properties of micellization of the X‐type alkyl sulfonate Gemini surfactants were compared with sodium dodecylsulfate by means of surface tension. The properties of XCn are superior to those of SDS such as the γCMC and CMC of XC10 are 26.3 mN/m and 0.2 mmol/L respectively. The adsorption isotherms for XCn were established by fitting the pre‐CMC surface tension data with a quadratic function. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization (, , ) derived from electrical conductivity indicate that the micellization of XCn is entropy‐driven.