bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral nontraumatic subcapsular renal haematoma (Wunderlich syndrome) in a Thoroughbred broodmare
Authors: Hannan M. , Verwilghen D. , Gibbons F. , Burden C. , Liechti R. , Forde O. , Meyer N. , Roati V. , Remaj B. , van Galen G.
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a Thoroughbred broodmare referred for colic and pyrexia. The mare had a history of repeated urinary tract infections, placentitis, abortion and endotoxaemia. A diagnosis of bilateral subcapsular renal haematoma was made by ultrasonography and standing laparoscopy and confirmed on post‐mortem. Neoplasia and an active clotting disorder were ruled out as a cause of the bleeding. However, histopathology revealed severe, diffuse, acute fibrinosuppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis with degeneration of vascular walls, suggesting that this has caused renal bleeding and development of subcapsular haematomas.
Biocultural Evolution and the Imagination: Outlining Scientific Perspectives for Theological Reflection
Authors: Lorrimar Victoria
Published: February 2025

The human imagination is studied widely across both the sciences and the humanities, yet there is a lack of conceptual clarity for interdisciplinary engagement. This article surveys a sample of recent scientific research on the imagination, focusing on creativity and storytelling, to demonstrate how an understanding of the biocultural evolutionary context may yield helpful insights for contemporary theological anthropology. Niko Tinbergen's levels of analysis (mechanism, function, phylogeny, and ontogeny) are used as a guiding framework to structure the scientific content. The final section sketches some of the recent trajectories in theological anthropology that are supported by a biocultural evolutionary perspective on the imagination, namely those that emphasise the hybridity of human being and resist human/non‐human binaries. This exercise in examining scientific perspectives for theological construction is reflected upon in the context of a broader science‐engaged theology methodology.
Teaching Writing in the Chinese Primary and Secondary School Contexts: An Analysis of the Discourses of Writing in L2 Curriculum Documents
Authors: Yu Shulin , Liu Simin
Published: February 2025

Despite the significance of second language (L2) writing curricula in guiding effective and successful teaching practices, limited studies have explored the underlying pedagogical philosophies and values in writing curricula in L2 school contexts. Utilizing the writing discourse framework, the current study assessed and analyzed L2 writing curriculum documents in primary and secondary schools in the Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, and Macau. The findings revealed prevalent skills and social practices discourses, insufficient process and genre discourses, and minimum creativity and sociopolitical discourses in L2 writing curricula. Such findings, together with the observed curricular consistency and distinct curricular features across different regions, provide insights into curricular teaching philosophies and the development of L2 writing curricula and teaching approaches in L2 school contexts.
Evaluating the Free Speech Objection to Removing Tainted Political Symbols
Authors: Manninen Tuomas W.
Published: February 2025

In recent years, several philosophers have argued that statues which are morally tainted ought to be removed from public display. One objection to this claim is the free speech objection: removing the statues constitutes a violation of free speech rights. This objection suffers from two flaws. First, it is rarely articulated to its fullest potential. Second, the free speech objection is largely dismissed by philosophers who support the statues' removal. In this article, I will aim to rectify this situation by providing three different formulations of the free speech objection, based, respectively, on First Amendment jurisprudence, on Mill's consequentialist defense of free speech, and on Susan Dwyer's non‐consequentialist defense of the same. After formulating the three versions of the objection, I will consider them against the alleged duty to remove tainted statues, and argue that even under the strongest formulation of the free speech objection, it does not amount to a defeater to the duty.
Evidence‐Based Decision Making in Psychological Research: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Çimen Fatmanur , Seçer İsmail
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) was introduced in the 1990s as an extension of standard meta‐analysis. Since then, it has been utilized in various scientific fields, particularly in medicine, to evaluate the effectiveness of therapies/interventions/treatments applied for specific outcomes. In recent years, NMA, which offers a highly attractive methodology for researchers, clinicians and decision‐makers, has gained popularity as a form of evidence synthesis. Recognized as providing the ‘highest level of evidence’, NMA is also crucial in conducting research in psychology and psychiatry. With advancements in psychology and psychiatry, specific programmes or interventions have been developed and continue to be developed to address particular problem areas. Due to the variety of these treatment methods, there has not yet been a study focusing on the direct comparison of some treatments. Therefore, the aim of this article is to introduce the NMA method and highlight its potential in evidence‐based decision‐making, particularly in the field of psychopathology. By doing so, it is anticipated that the perspective of clinicians can be broadened in planning appropriate therapies for psychopathologies.

Methods

The article was written as a comprehensive review using certain keywords.

Results

Consequently, it becomes challenging for decision‐makers, clinicians, or researchers to determine the best treatments for a specific outcome. At this point, NMA offers the opportunity to analyze direct and indirect comparisons of various treatments applied in psychology within a single analysis, thus holding great potential for researchers and practitioners. Despite this potential, NMA has not received sufficient attention from researchers in this field.

Conclusion

In conclusion, NMA holds significant potential for use in psychology, where many treatment options exist, and its use is encouraged among clinicians and researchers in the field.
Prognosis of Fragment Reattachment in Anterior Crown Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sung Lisu , Ku Hyemin , Shin Yooseok , Swaid Salma , Kim Dohyun , Roh Byoung‐Duck
Published: February 2025

Objective

Although several studies have compared fragment attachment with resin build‐ups in anterior crown fractures, none have specifically investigated the outcome of reattached fragments. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate long‐term outcomes of fragment reattachment in anterior crown fractures and determine the prognostic affecting their success.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical records of patients who underwent fragment reattachment for crown fractures in anterior teeth (maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors) between 2008 and 2023. All procedures were performed by experienced professors and residents following a standardized protocol. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate fragment retention outcomes and identify potential prognostic factors.

Results

Among 75 anterior crown fractures, the estimated fragment retention rates were 83.7% at 2 years, 75.2% at 5 years, and 56.4% at 10 years. Multivariate Cox regression analyses identified patient age and extent of crown fracture as significant factors affecting outcomes. The 5‐year estimated fragment retention rates were 82.8% and 67.0% for uncomplicated and complicated crown fractures, respectively.

Conclusions

Fragment reattachment remains a viable treatment option for anterior crown fractures. Treatment success decreased with patient age, and complicated crown fractures demonstrated lower retention rates than uncomplicated ones.

Clinical Significance

Fragment reattachment can provide predictable outcomes in anterior crown fractures when cases are carefully selected, particularly considering the patient's age and the type of crown fracture.
Effect of Massage and Touch on Agitation in Dementia: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaotong , Zang Lili , Lu Qiuying , Zhang Yue , Meng Qinghui
Published: February 2025

Aims and Objectives

To systematically assess the effects of massage and touch on agitation in patients with dementia and to determine the optimal intervention design.

Background

Agitated behaviour is the most common behavioural symptom in patients with dementia and can seriously affect the health status and quality of life of individuals with dementia and their caregivers. Massage and touch have been widely used as a non‐pharmacological intervention to address the behavioural issues of dementia. However, current research findings on the effects of massage and touch on agitation in people with dementia are inconsistent.

Design

A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Methods

This meta‐analysis complied with PRISMA guidelines, and relevant literature up to January 2024 was systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Clinical Trials Registry, Cochrane Library and four Chinese databases. Statistical evaluations were performed utilising Review Manager 5.4, and the included studies' bias risks were assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tool.

Results

Seventeen randomised controlled trials involving 980 patients with dementia were included. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that massage and touch could ameliorate agitation and behaviour problems in dementia. Subgroup analyses based on massage type showed that hand, head and foot massage significantly improved agitation. Massage and touch for ≤ 4 weeks were more effective in reducing agitated behaviour than those for > 4 weeks. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that massages and touch were more effective for individuals with less severe dementia.

Conclusions

Massage and touch in the short term can effectively improve agitation in dementia patients, while hand, head and foot massage can effectively reduce agitation. Thus, clinical nursing staff and caregivers of individuals should be actively helped to apply massage and touch to their patients. However, more studies are needed to validate our results before we can give a more definitive recommendation.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study suggests that massage and touch can be used as complementary treatments for agitation in people with dementia and encourages nursing staff and caregivers to apply massage and touch to better cope with the agitated behaviour of older adults with dementia.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024507133
Factors Associated With Silent Brain Infarcts After Middle Cerebral Artery Stenting or Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Lee Kyubong , Song Jeong Yoon , Oh Hyunsun , Kim Taewoo , Chang Jun Young , Kang Dong‐Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Hwang Seon Moon , Choi Joon Ho , Kwon Boseong , Song Yunsun , Lee Deok Hee , Kim Bum Joon
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

Silent brain infarcts (SBIs), which manifest as dot‐like lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) after endovascular procedures, are associated with an increased risk of stroke, dementia, and cognitive decline. We aimed to identify the factors associated with SBIs following middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenting or balloon angioplasty.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent MCA stenting or balloon angioplasty, including those with symptomatic, atherosclerotic MCA stenosis of ≥50%. DWI scans were conducted before and after the procedure, and newly detected DWI lesions were classified as SBIs. We investigated the factors associated with the development of SBIs, and for patients with SBIs, we conducted a detailed analysis based on lesion location (cortex and perforator territory vs. cortex only vs. perforator territory only).

Results

Among 120 patients, 64 (53.3%) exhibited SBIs postprocedure. Factors significantly associated with SBIs included smaller stenosis diameter (odd ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.03 [0.002–0.35], p = 0.006), longer stenosis length (1.24 [1.02–1.51], p = 0.033), higher MCA tortuosity (1.20 [1.07–1.34], p = 0.002), and diffuse involvement of MCA stenosis (3.99 [1.17–13.62], p = 0.027). Among the patients who exhibited SBIs, D‐dimer (p = 0.002), C‐reactive protein (p = 0.026), and hemoglobin A1c (p = 0.025) differed according to detailed mechanism.

Conclusions

Stenosis diameter, stenosis length, and MCA tortuosity were significantly associated with the development of SBIs following MCA stenting.
Introduction to the Thematic Issue
Authors: Babel Anna M. , Campbell‐Kibler Kathryn , McGowan Kevin B.
Published: February 2025

The topics of awareness and control have been investigated for decades in sociolinguistics, but they have been approached in different ways, both theoretically and methodologically, in different corners of the subdiscipline. This has resulted in confusing and sometimes contradictory terminology, as well as divergent theoretical perspectives on what, exactly, is meant by these terms. As our understanding of the relationships between various social and cognitive systems has become more detailed and sophisticated, it has become increasingly urgent to untangle the overlapping and at times contradictory ways of understanding these concepts. For this reason, this Thematic Series responds to a need for further and more coherent development of the concept of awareness ‐ and for coordination between different subfields of (socio)linguistics as we do so.
Place‐Based Accentedness Ratings Do Not Predict Sensitivity to Regional Features
Authors: Campbell‐Kibler Kathryn
Published: February 2025

Discussions of sociolinguistic awareness are often about how patterns observed in one practice (often linguistic production) appear in others (often person perception or metalinguistic commentary). Models like Labov's indicator/marker/stereotype trichotomy force this complexity into a single dimension, due to presupposing a conscious/unconscious distinction unsupported in current cognitive psychology. A more effective approach takes a theoretical step back, asking basic questions about how analogous sociolinguistic meanings relate across activities. In this article, I do so by asking whether explicit verbal reports and speaker evaluations of accentedness in Ohio correlate in strength across individual language users. Such a correlation would suggest a shared representation and/or a shared learning process. A total of 1106 participants listened to Ohio talkers reading word lists of trap, dress, lot, or goose tokens. Participants rated each talker's accentedness, then the accentedness of seven Ohio places. The expected main effects emerged: southern and rural Ohio were most accented, then northern Ohio, and lastly cities and central Ohio. Likewise, the acoustic features influenced talker ratings. Crucially, however, these two effects largely did not interact: those most likely to describe northern (southern) Ohio as accented were no more or less sensitive to northern (southern) vowel features. These results support the small but growing evidence that indexical relationships are learned and used independently across linguistic practices. They also move us further from a unidimensional model of awareness toward an approach where different systems are treated independently.
Adaptive Divergence and Functional Convergence: The Evolution of Pulmonary Gene Expression in Amphibians of the Qingzang Plateau
Authors: Chang Liming , Zhu Wei , Chen Qiheng , Zhao Chunlin , Sui Lulu , Shen Cheng , Zhang Qunde , Wang Bin , Jiang Jianping
Published: February 2025

The Qingzang Plateau, with its harsh environmental conditions—low oxygen, high ultraviolet radiation and significant temperature fluctuations—demands specialised adaptations for survival. While genetic adaptations have been extensively studied, gene expression's role in amphibian adaptation to high elevations remains understudied. This study analysed pulmonary gene expression in 119 amphibians across the plateau to explore how genetic and environmental factors shape expression evolution. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant interspecies variation, driven by environmental factors like temperature, oxygen levels, UVB radiation and precipitation. Principal Component and Mantel analyses found no significant correlation between gene expression divergence and genetic distance. Instead, species‐specific traits and environmental pressures were pivotal in shaping expression patterns. PERMANOVA analysis showed environmental factors had varying impacts on species. For instance, Bufo gargarizans exhibited a strong gene expression response to multiple environmental factors, while Scutiger boulengeri was less influenced, reflecting diverse adaptive strategies. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted convergence in key biological processes, such as energy metabolism, apoptosis and autophagy, despite species‐specific gene expression differences. These processes are critical for surviving the plateau's extremes. The findings suggest that gene expression evolution in amphibians on the Qingzang Plateau is shaped by both genetic diversity and environmental pressures. Although gene expression profiles vary, they converge on essential functions, offering insights into adaptation mechanisms in extreme environments.
Novel Regulators and Their Epistatic Networks in Arabidopsis' Defence Responses to Alternaria alternata Infection
Authors: Zeng Qi , Liu Xifan , Yan Xuemei , Zhang Jiahao , Li Chao , Yan Chengtai , Zhang Yanfeng , Kliebenstein Daniel , Li Baohua
Published: February 2025

Necrotrophic pathogens cause serious threats to agricultural crops, and understanding the resistance genes and their genetic networks is key to breeding new plant cultivars with better resistance traits. Although Alternaria alternata causes black spot in important leafy brassica vegetables, and leads to significant loss of yield and food quality, little is known about plant–A. alternata interactions. In this study, we used a unique and large collection of single, double and triple mutant lines of defence metabolite regulators in Arabidopsis to explore how these transcription factors and their epistatic networks may influence A. alternata infections. This identified nine novel regulators and 20 pairs of epistatic interactions that modulate Arabidopsis plants' defence responses to A. alternata infection. We further showed that the glucosinolate 4‐methoxy‐indol‐3‐ylmethyl is the only glucosinolate consistently responsive to A. alternata infection in Col‐0 ecotype. With the further exploration of the regulators and the genetic networks on modulating the accumulation of glucosinolates under A. alternata infection, an inverted triangle regulatory model was proposed for Arabidopsis plants' defence responses at a metabolic level and a phenotypic level.
Alternating inverse modulation of xylem K+/NO3− loading by HY5 and PIF facilitates diurnal regulation of root‐to‐shoot water and nutrient transport
Authors: Jing Si , Zhang Han , Yang Zidan , Du Xin‐Qiao , Hu Yingying , Wang Shao‐Shuai , Wang Shuwei , Zhang Kaina , Li Zhen , Wu Wei‐Hua , Kudla Jörg , Li Jigang , Wang Yi
Published: February 2025

Diurnal light–dark cycles regulate nutrient uptake and transport; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Transcription factor MYB59 and ion transporter NPF7.3 participate in root‐to‐shoot K+/NO3− translocation in Arabidopsis. In this study, transcriptional analyses and western blotting experiments revealed the diurnal expression of the MYB59‐NPF7.3 module. ChIP‐qPCR and EMSA showed that transcription factors HY5 and PIF directly bind to the MYB59 promoter. Phenotype analyses and ion content measurement indicated that HY5 and PIF antagonistically control root‐to‐shoot K+/NO3− translocation through the MYB59‐NPF7.3 module.

We found HY5 proteins accumulate in roots and repress MYB59 transcription during daytime, while PIF proteins promote MYB59 transcription in the dark. The expression levels of the NPF7.3 transcript and protein are gradually decreased during daytime, but increased at night. The enhancement of K+/NO3− loading into the xylem mediated by NPF7.3 could increase root pressure at night, which maintained the root‐to‐shoot water/nutrient translocation.

This study reveals a synergistic mechanism between light signaling and nutrient transport in plants, and defines a diurnal molecular switch of driving forces for root‐to‐shoot water/nutrient translocation.
Population genomics of the gametophyte‐only fern Vittaria appalachiana provides insights into clonal plant evolution
Authors: Pelosi Jessie A. , Sorojsrisom Elissa S. , Barbazuk William Brad , Sessa Emily B.
Published: February 2025

How asexually reproducing organisms maintain genetic diversity and adaptive potential is a long‐standing question in evolutionary biology. Asexual lineages have historically been thought of as evolutionary dead ends, yet some exhibit remarkable persistence through time.

The gametophyte‐only fern Vittaria appalachiana is a clonal eukaryote, the focus of extensive study due to its peculiar habit and life history, and is an excellent system to explore the consequences of asexuality. Using reduced representation sequencing and life cycle simulations, we assess theoretical expectations for genomic consequences of long‐term asexual reproduction and test hypotheses about its origin and demographic history.

We show that V. appalachiana colonies are not patches of single genotypes but are mosaics of genetic diversity, and the accumulation of mutations in the absence of recombination plays an important role in driving this diversity. We identify increased genomic variation, excess heterozygosity, decreased population differentiation, and increased effective population size, all of which are consistent with the expectations for prolonged clonality. Our analyses support the hypothesis that the loss of sexual reproduction in V. appalachiana occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum.

Our results from empirical and simulation‐based analyses illuminate how an asexual eukaryote generates, retains, and partitions genomic diversity.
Haplotype‐resolved genome assembly provides new insights into the genomic origin of purple colour in Prunus mume
Authors: Meng Juan , Li Ziwei , Wang Haoning , Miao Runtian , Liu Xu , Miao Dapeng , Zhao Chunxu , Wang Guijia , Cheng Tangren , Zhang Qixiang , Sun Lidan
Published: February 2025

Prunus mume, an important ornamental woody plant in the Rosaceae family, contains many interspecific hybridizations. Purple colour is a breeding trait of aesthetic value for P. mume, but little is known about the origin and genetic architecture of this trait. Here we address these issues by producing a haplotype‐resolved genome from an interspecific hybrid cultivar of P. mume (M) and P. cerasifera ‘Pissardii’ (C), named P. mume ‘Meiren’, followed by a detailed molecular characterization. The final length of the diploid genome is 499.47 Mb, with 250.66 Mb of haplotype M (HM) and 248.79 Mb of haplotype C (HC). Approximately 95.42% (476.61 Mb) of the phased assembly is further anchored to 16 homologous chromosomes. Based on the genomic variation, we identify a 1.8 Mb large‐fragmented inversion (INV) on chromosome 1b of HC, which co‐segregates with purple colour traits of ‘Meiren’ inherited from its purple C parent ‘Pissardii’. We find that a MYB transcription factor, PmmMYB10.5b, resides at the distal breakpoint of the INV, which displays consistent allele‐specific expression (ASE). By directly binding to the promoter of anthocyanin synthetic alleles, PmmMYB10.5b serves as a co‐activator to promote anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Meiren’ organs. Notably, the INV identified in ‘Meiren’ is generated from ‘Pissardii’ rather than P. cerasifera, which alters the promoter sequence of PmmMYB10.5b, activates its expression and results in the purple colour trait. Results from this study shed light on the evolutionary origin of purple colour in ‘Meiren’ and could potentially provide guidance on the genetic improvement of colour traits in ornamental woody plants.
Mining of Candidate Novel Alleles Using GWAS and Haplotype Identification for Rice Blast Resistance
Authors: Mohanavel Williams , Ramalingam Ajay Prasanth , Ayyenar Bharathi , Rajagopalan Veera Ranjani , Mohanavel Vignesh , Subburaj Samuthirapandi , Manickam Sudha , Rajasekaran Raghu , Chellappan Gopalakrishnan , Swaminathan Manonmani , Perumal Ramasamy , Muthurajan Raveendran , Prasad P. V. Vara
Published: February 2025

Blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (synonym Magnaporthe oryzae) is a major fungal disease affecting productivity and quality in rice‐growing areas globally. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the blast score(s) and whole‐genome sequence data pertaining to a subset of 280 diverse accessions of the IRRI 3 K Rice Genome panel. Continuous variation was observed, with 8.9% of the total accessions resistant, 39.6% moderately resistant, 37.2% moderately susceptible and 14.2% susceptible, with average disease severity ratings of 0 to 3, > 3 to 5, > 5 to 7 and > 7 to 9, respectively, indicating the polygenic inheritance of the trait. We identified potential accessions in different subpopulations with a resistance disease reaction (IRGC 127151 [subtrop], 127738 [ind2], 132245 [aro] and 127130 [aus]), having the lowest average disease ratings of < 2. GWAS revealed the significant association of 22 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs)—20 main effect and two interaction effect—linked to blast resistance that led to the identification of 43 plant defence‐related candidate genes. The haplo‐pheno association analysis of the candidate genes (LOC_Os02g06470, LOC_Os02g06510, LOC_Os07g34370, LOC_Os08g29760, LOC_Os10g07470 and LOC_Os12g34290) associated with the superior haplotypes were identified and play a critical role in defence mechanisms. The identified resistant sources hold promise for stacking the superior haplotypes into an elite genetic background using a haplotype‐based breeding approach for the development of cultivars with blast resistance to a wide range of pathotypes.
Petrography, Mineral Chemistry, and Geochemistry of Calc‐Silicate Skarn Mineralization at Kuh‐e‐Gabri, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Southeastern Iran: A Possible Potential of Industrial Andradite–Wollastonite–Quartz Resource
Authors: Shafizadeh Gholamhossein , Atapour Habibeh
Published: February 2025

The prograde calcic skarn mineralization at Kuh‐e‐Gabri area in Kerman province, Iran, is composed of andradite–grossularite, wollastonite, diopside, hematite, and vesuvianite formed by intrusion of Oligo‐Miocene highly differentiated I‐type granitic stocks into the Cretaceous limestone and conglomerate. The retrograde skarn includes epidote, calcite, hematite, and quartz overprinting on the prograde skarn mineralization. This was followed by impregnations of hydrothermal veins of hematite, quartz, fluorite, and calcite. Supergene oxidation processes led to the occurrence of chrysocolla, dioptase, malachite, and goethite. XRD, DTA, FTIRS, EDXS, XRF, and ICP‐OES data indicate that the garnets are enriched in andradite (22.97%–99.50%)–grossularite (62.50%–75.52%) compositions. The composition of wollastonite is highly depleted in iron, manganese, and hazardous elements and close to pure wollastonite (98.31%–99.79%). The mineral assemblages of quartz–calcite–wollastonite as well as hematite–quartz–calcite–andradite suggest that the prograde skarn formed at about 390°C–500°C under oxygen fugacity of 10−33—10−15 bar. The incompatible element patterns in andradite–grossularite and wollastonite display enrichment in Cs, U, Pb, LREE, and negative Eu anomaly. The occurrence of andradite–grossularite skarn at the Kuh‐e‐Gabri may be the most suitable mineral for abrasive without creating environmental hazards. Acicular wollastonite‐rich skarn may be used for production of ceramics and metallurgical applications. Development of colored andradite, transparent and colored quartz in the skarn and veins may be considered as the valuable resource for the semi‐gem cutting industry. The light‐colored marble is a suitable raw material for metallurgical and refractory applications.
A Comparison of Various Diagenetic Controls by Zeolites on Reservoir Quality: Permian–Triassic Conglomerates, Junggar Basin, Northwestern China
Authors: Zuo Rusi , Zeng Xiang , Cao Zhongxiang , Cai Jingong , Zhang Kuihua , Zhang Guanlong , Sun Zhenmeng
Published: February 2025

Zeolites are widely distributed in the Permian–Triassic conglomerates of the Junggar Basin and play an important role in reservoir quality. A better understanding of the matching relations between reservoir qualities and zeolitic diagenesis is of great importance for oil exploration in basins. In this study, Permian–Triassic conglomerates from southeast Junggar (SEJ), middle Junggar (MJ), and northwest Junggar (NWJ) were investigated, using casting thin section observations, SEM analysis, EPMA analysis, porosity, and permeability measurements. The Permian–Triassic conglomerates of all three areas have abundant volcanic lithics. The conglomerates from NWJ and MJ contain higher contents of sedimentary lithics and feldspars than those from SEJ. Zeolites of SEJ and NWJ originate from the alteration of volcanic lithics, occurring as pore filling in stage B of eodiagenesis. The zeolitic diagenetic process of SEJ is volcanic lithic–clinoptilolite–analcime–heulandite–laumontite, while that of NWJ is volcanic lithic–analcime. Zeolites of MJ originate from albitization of plagioclase, occurring as pore filling and replacement in stage A of mesodiagenesis. Its diagenetic process is a replacement of plagioclase by laumontite. Diverse zeolitic diagenesis played different roles in reservoir quality. Zeolite cementation and compaction both destroyed the reservoir qualities of SEJ and NWJ. In MJ, the reservoir quality was mainly destroyed by compaction, resulting in strong heterogeneity. In later diagenesis, the dissolution of zeolite cements improved reservoir qualities. SEJ is located farther from hydrocarbon generation sags than NWJ and MJ. As a result, zeolite dissolution pores are poorly developed in SEJ. Previous research has revealed that analcime dissolves more easily than laumontite. Zeolite dissolution pores developed better in NWJ than in MJ. In comparison of the conglomerates with zeolite dissolution pores in the Junggar Basin, NWJ conglomerates have the best reservoir quality, indicating that zeolitic diagenesis can provide implications for oil exploration in the Junggar Basin.
The Public Consequences of Presidential Legitimacy Rhetoric
Authors: Wise Stephanie
Published: February 2025

Objective

Three extant theories alternatively argue that presidential legitimacy rhetoric is highly effective among co‐partisans, largely ineffective due to inattention or misunderstanding, or most likely to backfire and produce a counter‐message effect due to its radicalism. This study explores these theories and extends previous work on the Supreme Court to consider public support for Congress and democratic norms.

Methods

An original survey experiment with 1368 participants is employed.

Results

Presidential legitimacy rhetoric on Congress is largely ineffective but produces a mild backlash effect, particularly among independents. Democratic norm attitudes are distinct from attitudes on the legitimacy of Congress.

Conclusion

The results attenuate claims about the power of presidents to upend the legitimacy of major US institutions through rhetoric alone. Support for democratic norms and support for particular US institutions may be distinct attitudes and should not be conflated.
Long-term care insurance and implementation for older people in China: a systematic review of textual evidence protocol
Authors: Yang Xiaoman , Yuan Shuqi , Hu Yan
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize and compare policies and implementation strategies on long-term care insurance for older people in China.

Introduction:

Current information about China’s long-term care insurance from a textual perspective is limited. Due to late inception and fragmented management, textual evidence on this topic will offer a unique perspective on the structure and implementation strategies of long-term care insurance policies in China.

Inclusion criteria:

The population of this review will be adults aged 60 years or over. The phenomena of interest will be long-term care insurance policies and implementation strategies in China. Published sources and gray literature in English and Chinese since 2016 will be included. Exclusions will apply to hospitalized individuals as well as those under 60 years of age, who are permanently disabled due to illness or disability.

Methods:

The proposed systematic review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of textual evidence. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, Embase, (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). For gray literature, we will conduct an advanced Google search as well as searching ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Additionally, we will search the websites of local governments in pilot cities. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for textual evidence will be used to evaluate the quality of textual sources. All identified sources will be retrieved and assessed in detail by 2 independent reviewers. Data extraction and synthesis will be conducted using the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. A meta-aggregative approach will be employed to synthesize data and conclusions, which will be graded using ConQual. A recommendation will be issued as a Good Practice Statement.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42023414967
Professionally Developing (or Not): “Learning to Do” Physical Education Teacher Education
Authors: Patton Kevin , Parker Melissa
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study’s purpose was to explore professional career paths into Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE). More specifically, this study explored critical and/or impactful experiences in learning to do the work of PETE. Method: Participants were 27 professionally active PETE faculty members. Data sources included semistructured interviews, living graphs, and curriculum vitae. Results: Findings describe points in time (when) and impactful events/experiences (how) critical in professionally developing as a teacher educator, including intentionally designed learning experiences, building a support network, teaching experience, coursework and other resources, and trial and error. Discussion/Conclusion: Framed in occupational socialization theory, results are discussed in terms of the inconsistencies of doctoral programs and highlight that emerging PETE faculty did not feel well prepared for teaching roles. Those who felt best prepared to deliver teacher education courses experienced scaffolded, often customized, learning experiences in their doctoral program. Implications for the future of physical education are discussed.
Engaging with patients with diabetes: the role of social media in low-income healthcare organisations
Authors: Cano Andrea , Uddin Mohy , Caceres Fernanda , Rodriguez José , Syed-Abdul Shabbir
Published: February 2025

Background

Type 2 diabetes is the fastest-growing global health concern, and its global prevalence is projected to affect 643 million individuals by 2030. Social media platforms, like Facebook, have become crucial channels for healthcare organisations to engage with the public to promote prevention and disease management, especially in low-resource settings like Honduras. This study aims to perform a retrospective analysis of Honduran healthcare organisations’ Facebook posts to understand how effectively they engage diabetes-related content with their followers.

Methods

The top 10 followed healthcare organisations’ Facebook pages were taken as a sample. Data were retrieved from October 2023 to March 2024. Diabetic-related posts were identified using keywords and categorised based on their contents and features.

Results

Findings reveal significant disparities in the frequencies of posts and public engagement among different types of organisations. The majority of posts were classified under the miscellaneous category and text+image feature. Recipes and food-related posts were liked and shared the most among the followers.

Conclusion

The results of the study found that patients’ engagement with diabetes-related content was low in social media. The gap between patients’ participation and engagement highlights the need for reassessment and refinement of social media communication strategies for healthcare organisations to empower patients with diabetes through social media and increase public engagement.
Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast resembling pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia
Authors: Lee Andrew H S , O'Shea Anne-Marie , Ellis Ian O
Published: February 2025

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is commonly present in gynaecomastia, can be seen in some mammary fibroepithelial lesions and in fibrocystic change, and rarely forms a mass. Spindle cell carcinoma of the breast can have a wide range of appearances. This case series describes five spindle cell carcinomas of the breast resembling PASH, a pattern that does not appear to have been reported before. All had bland nuclei like those in fibromatosis-like spindle cell carcinoma. All cases had more close-packed areas, but this was only a very minor component in the index case. Two had associated ductal carcinoma in situ. All were cytokeratin positive with immunohistochemistry. The similarity of the carcinomas in this series to PASH is a diagnostic pitfall particularly in core biopsies as more cellular areas may be only focal.
Partial transvenous embolization as an intermediate strategy for large brain arteriovenous malformations: A technical note
Authors: Noda Ryuichi , Lima Vinicius Moreira , Iosif Christina , Galon José Eduardo Vitorino , Alabbas Faisal , Saleme Suzana , Rouchaud Aymeric , Mounayer Charbel
Published: February 2025

Background

Endovascular transvenous embolization (TVE) was developed as a curative technique for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) with small nidi and a single draining vein. We describe a partial transvenous embolization technique (pTVE) as an intermediate embolization session to decrease hemorrhagic complications of larger nidi with multiple venous outlets.

Method

We reviewed our single-center database of bAVMs treated endovascularly between January 2023 and March 2024. Six consecutive patients underwent 10 sessions of pTVE for ruptured AVMs.

Results

The median age of patients was 24.5 years. The median nidus size was 5 cm (range 4–6 cm). Three patients had grade III lesions according to the Spetzler-Martin classification, two were grade IV, and one was grade V. Four patients had draining veins with multiple efferent veins with each collecting vein, one patient had multiple efferent veins with one collecting vein, and one patient had one efferent vein with a long bifurcation. pTVE achieved partial occlusion in all cases without any hemorrhagic complications. One patient had the AVM totally occluded with two sessions of pTVE. Decision-making was facilitated by creating subcategories of venous angioarchitecture and detailing the technical particularities in the corresponding category.

Conclusion

We described a novel treatment technique of transvenous embolization as an adjunct strategy for large bAVMs.
Isolated anti-SS-B (La) antibodies: rare occurrence and lack of diagnostic value
Authors: Cioni Paul , Chretien Pascale , Goulvestre Claire , Ballot Eric , Khelifi-Touhami Dounia , Mariette Xavier , Nocturne Gaëtane
Published: February 2025

Objective

Anti-SS-B antibodies are often associated with anti-SS-A in Sjögren’s disease. Compared to anti-SS-A antibody positivity, the significance of the immunological profile anti-SS-B positive/anti-SS-A negative remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and diagnostic significance of isolated anti-SS-B antibodies.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study across three hospitals of the Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris. Patients with anti-SS-B positivity were identified using ELISA, addressable laser beam immunoassay (ALBIA) and immunodot assays. They were retained if anti-SS-B was positive in two techniques and anti-SS-A was absent. Clinical, biological and immunological data were extracted and presented in a descriptive analysis.

Results

A total of 80 540 requests for anti-SS-B antibody testing were carried out over a period of 7.9 years. Anti-SS-B positivity was found in 1693 patients. Among them, 335 (19.8%) patients had isolated anti-SS-B in ELISA/ALBIA. Immunodot was performed in 186 of them and confirmed anti-SS-B positivity in 61 patients (3.6% of anti-SS-B positivity). 24 patients (39.3%) presented with a history of various autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases and only 6 were diagnosed with a new connective tissue disease. After a median follow-up of 26 months, only two new diagnoses were made.

Conclusion

Anti-SS-B without anti-SS-A is exceedingly rare when accurately identified by a rigorous immunological approach. The initial anti-SS-B positivity does not correlate with a specific condition, both at the time of initial identification and after a 26-month follow-up period. This supports the fact that isolated anti-SS-B has no diagnostic or prognostic value.
Removing or returning freedom? Views on a nicotine-free generation policy held by young people from aotearoa who use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)
Authors: Hoek Janet , Hosking Renee , Graham-DeMello Anna , Sanders Carissa , Teddy Lani , Ball Jude , van der Eijk Yvette , Gallopel-Morvan Karine
Published: February 2025

Introduction

International interest in a smokefree generation policy has grown as more local authorities and governments move to introduce this policy. Young people strongly support this measure, but we know less about how they view a nicotine-free generation policy that includes electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We addressed this gap by probing adolescents’ views on a birth-year policy that included all nicotine products.

Methods

We undertook in-depth interviews with 20 adolescents aged 16–18 who self-assessed as moderately or severely addicted to vaping and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand. In semistructured interviews, we explored participants’ views on a nicotine-free generation, its rationale, implementation and likely impact. We interpreted the data using a reflexive thematic analysis approach.

Results

Most participants supported a nicotine-free generation, rejected arguments that ENDS use was a ‘choice’, and called for government leadership to protect them and future generations; a small minority saw the measure as unwarranted interference. Several participants thought compliance would be low, given their experiences of lax age verification practices and the widespread social supply of ENDS, but suggested measures to improve compliance.

Conclusions

Although participants thought a nicotine-free generation could impose personal hardship, most privileged the freedom they thought it could bring over the illusory ‘choice’ they currently had. Policy-makers should consider looking beyond a smokefree generation to a nicotine-free generation; alongside this measure, they should implement strong enforcement and provide comprehensive support so young people addicted to nicotine can be empowered to stop using ENDS.
Exploration of Jupiter’s Galilean satellites and their complex interactions with the Jovian magnetosphere: Hungary’s participation in ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer mission
Authors: Bebesi Zsofia
Published: February 2025

Jupiter's magnetosphere is one of the largest natural particle accelerators in our Solar System. Its dynamic processes are governed by the fast rotation of the planet, creating complex current systems and particle transport mechanisms. The Galilean satellites play important roles as plasma sources, influencing the dynamics and distribution of charged particles in the Jovian magnetosphere. Building on the knowledge gained from previous flybys and the Galileo orbiter, the recently launched Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft will study the interaction between the Galilean satellites and the rapidly rotating inner magnetospheric plasma environment of Jupiter. The mission will conduct several close flybys with Europa and Callisto to further investigate the possibility of the existence of their subsurface oceanic layers. Additionally, JUICE aims to study in unprecedented detail the unique interaction between Ganymede (the only satellite in our Solar System with an intrinsic magnetic field of its own) and the Jovian magnetosphere. Researchers and engineers from the HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, the HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, and SGF Ltd. have participated in the development of the Particle Environment Package (PEP) instrument onboard JUICE.
Evolution of FRW universe in variable modified Chaplygin gas model
Authors: Chakraborty Samarjit , Guha Sarbari , Panigrahi D.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study the evolution of the FRW universe filled with variable modified Chaplygin gas (VMCG). We begin with a thermodynamical treatment of VMCG described by the equation of state [Formula: see text], and obtain its temperature as a function of redshift z. We show that the results are consistent with similar works on other types of Chaplygin gas models. In addition to deriving the exact expression of temperature of the fluid in terms of the boundary conditions and redshift, we also used observational data to determine the redshift at the epoch of transition from the decelerated to the accelerated phase of expansion of the universe. The values of other relevant parameters like the Hubble parameter, the equation-of-state parameter and the speed of sound are obtained in terms of the redshift parameter, and these values are compared with the results obtained from previous works on MCG and other Chaplygin gas models for the various values of n permitted by thermodynamic stability. We assume the present value of temperature of the microwave background radiation to be given by [Formula: see text], and the parameter A in the equation of state is taken as [Formula: see text] since it corresponds to the radiation-dominated phase of the universe. The value of the parameter [Formula: see text] has been assumed to be [Formula: see text] in our calculation. Since it is known that the redshift of photon decoupling is [Formula: see text], we used this value to calculate the temperature of decoupling.
A Survey of Document Stemming Algorithms in Information Retrieval Systems
Authors: Alyousf Mona , Alhalabi Mohamad Firas
Published: February 2025

With the increase in the growth and diversity of databases and the enormity of their contents, there has become an urgent need to find advanced techniques in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, especially in the field of Information Retrieval (IR). One of the most popular techniques that can improve information retrieval is the stemming of text documents. Given the importance of stemming for information retrieval systems, in this paper, we present a detailed study of the adopted stemming approaches and the working mechanism of the various algorithms that follow each approach. We analyzed and evaluated the most important algorithms by comparing them based on specific criteria, including their strength in stemming, their advantages, and the disadvantages of each. Based on this comparison, we can identify the weaknesses that each stemming algorithm suffers from. We mainly aim through the study that we conducted in this paper to try to overcome the weaknesses of these algorithms and take advantage of their most important advantages to develop a new more efficient stemming algorithm for the English language.