bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fall Break Fallout: Exploring Student Perceptions of the Impact of an Autumn Break on Stress
Authors: Agnew Michael , Poole Heather , Khan Ayesha
Published: December 2019

The mental health of post-secondary students has dominated recent discourse surrounding higher education. Accordingly, many institutions have introduced a break in the fall term, designed to support student well-being. As part of an interdisciplinary, longitudinal study examining the effects of the fall break on student stress, we held focus groups with undergraduates. We observed mixed feedback surrounding this intervention. Students appreciated the fall break as an opportunity to reduce their stress, yet they frequently reported negative impacts of the break on the timing of academic assessments and their ability to effectively manage study time. Based on extensive dialogue with students, we provide recommendations for institutions which have implemented or are considering implementing a fall break as a way to support student mental health. We aim to address the paucity of qualitative research on student stress and develop a deeper understanding of the factors driving students’ responses to stress intervention policies.
Developing Craft Village Tourism in the Context of International Economic: A Case Study of Vine Phuc Province, Vietnam
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi Thu , Hoa Ho Thi , Nang Do Thi , Loan Nguyen Thi Phuong , Phuong Nguyen Linh , Hien Tran Thi
Published: December 2019

In the trend of openness and international economic integration, traditional craft villages are gradually regaining their positions in the economic, cultural and social life of each country and nation. These villages are like colorful images contributing to recreate the unique, lively, separate and irreplaceable features of the country and people in each area and region. Currently, developing craft village tourism is the subject of various studies, and is the target of many provinces in Vietnam. This paper focuses on analyzing the current status of craft village tourism in Vinh Phuc - a province located in the North of Vietnam, showing the results, limitations as well as proposing a range of recommendations to develop craft village tourism in Vinh Phuc in the context of world economic integration.
n. 44 - FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA A QUALIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: CONTEXTOS QUE CONDUZIRAM À IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO PARFOR
Authors: Damasceno Lorena Lins , Fontes Mariana Gomes
Published: December 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma breve contextualização da Política Nacional de Formação Docente no cenário nacional analisando o Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (Parfor). Este Plano tem como principal objetivo adequar a formação dos professores em exercício na rede púbica de Educação Básica à disciplina que ministram em sala de aula, promovendo a articulação entre as instituições de ensino superior e as redes de ensino e, consequentemente, a melhoria no desempenho das escolas nos processos de avaliação sobre a qualidade do processo de ensino e aprendizagem na rede pública. Pretende-se resgatar as principais características do Parfor no contexto de seu lançamento e manutenção ao longo dos anos e identificar o papel da Capes no âmbito das ações voltadas para a formação de professores. Na retrospectiva analisada, constata-se que o Parfor assume um papel importante na busca pela adequação da formação docente e se consolida como uma importante ação para a formação dos profissionais do magistério da educação básica. As ações do Parfor desenvolvidas em articulação entre os diversos entes da federação, as redes de ensino e as universidades é um importante passo na busca da melhoria do ensino nas escolas públicas.
Sumário Bilíngue
Authors: Table of Contents Bilingual
Published: December 2019

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Laramide Uplift near the Ray and Resolution Porphyry Copper Deposits, Southeastern Arizona: Insights into Regional Shortening Style, Magnitude of Uplift, and Implications for Exploration
Authors: Favorito Daniel A. , Seedorff Eric
Published: December 2019

This study integrates new geologic mapping and structural analysis with previous work near Walnut Canyon and Telegraph Canyon to address the style and magnitude of shortening and the relationship between contractional structures and porphyry preservation and localization between the Ray and Resolution porphyry copper deposits. Cenozoic extensional structures were superimposed on earlier contractional structures formed during the Laramide orogeny, which dates from ~80 to 50 Ma. This superposition requires that Cenozoic normal faults be restored prior to analysis of Laramide contractional structures and their relationship to nearby porphyry copper deposits. Five distinct sets of normal faults within the study area progressively tilted the region 65° east. The amount of extension was 10.3 km or 276%. Using key constraints such as offset strata, cutoff angles between faults and various units, and Laramide fault geometries, the study area was structurally reconstructed and verified using 2-D kinematic modeling of reverse fault offset and related folding. Total shortening is 7.2 km or 98%. Laramide reverse faults are interpreted as thick-skinned basement-cored uplifts, because they restore to moderate angles, have related fault-propagation folds, and involve significant crystalline basement rock. The Telegraph Canyon reverse fault has at least 5.3 km of offset, and the Walnut Canyon reverse fault has 3.2 km. The preferred estimate of the total vertical uplift for the fault system is 5.2 km but could be several kilometers greater. The restored strike direction of these faults combined with mid-Cenozoic erosion surfaces throughout the region suggests that this fault system may be responsible for the Laramide uplift of the Tortilla Mountains and Black Hills. In addition, most major porphyry centers appear to have been intruded into the footwall of this large uplift, with local examples including Ray and Resolution, suggesting that topography generated from this uplift may have been critical to preservation of these ore systems. Though definitive crosscutting relationships do not exist in the immediate map area, geologic relationships in a broader area suggest that shortening here began after 74 Ma and, in the Ray area, had ended by ~69 Ma and that porphyry formation postdated reverse faulting by as much as 5 m.y. to as little as <1 m.y.
Pooled Mean Group Approach to Test the Determinants of Financial Integration: Evidence From OECD and G20 Countries
Authors: Abbasov Ahliman
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the role of financial liberalization, trade integration, economic growth and global financial crisis on financial integration level of selected OECD and G20 countries during the period of 2000-2016. PMG technique has been implemented to estimate the ARDL model. Regression results suggest a statistically significant long run co-integration relationship between financial integration and independent variables. Analysis also concludes that there are both long run and short run positive impact of trade integration level on financial integration level. The study also concludes that the global financial crisis has had a negative influence on global financial integration both in the short run and long run. But according to the regression results the impact of financial liberalization on the actual financial integration level of the countries only appears in the long run. Results also indicate that positive impact of economic growth on financial globalization level appears only in the long run.
The Use of Digital Technology to Reshape the Retail Store
Authors: Caboni Federica
Published: December 2019

The creation of a retail store able to offer multidimensional experiences is one of the main challenges of the last few years. The blend of physical and digital elements permits to create a new manner to consider the evolution of a fixed retail store. The traditional retail store is able to integrate physical elements normally placed in a store with digital technology in order to create immersive experiences where people can interact with digital content by using only hand gestures and natural movements, in an interactive environment.

From literature analysis, emerged that the Internet use and digital and interactive strategies are not being exploited in a broad way in order to revitalize retail stores normally placed within an urban area. Thus, this work will provide a new point of view about a traditional retail store becomes a multidimensional place by combining physical and digital elements.
Privatrechtliche Schadensersatzansprüche zur Durchsetzung des Unionsrechts am Beispiel der Schadensersatzrichtlinie 2014/104/EU
Authors: Oster Jan
Published: December 2019

Inwiefern dienen Schadensersatzansprüche der Durchsetzung des EU-Rechts selbst? Der Beitrag stellt die These auf, dass subjektiven Rechten im Unionsrecht nicht nur eine intrinsische, sondern auch eine instrumentale Funktion zukommt. EU-Recht ist kodifizierte policy und dient insbesondere der Verwirklichung des Binnenmarktes. Folglich ist das Konzept subjektiver Rechte als Instrument zur Umsetzung politischer Zielsetzungen im EU-Recht stärker vertreten als im deutschen Recht. Der Beitrag analysiert diese Entwicklung theoretisch und dogmatisch am Beispiel der Schadensersatzrichtlinie 2014/104/EU und vor dem Hintergrund des vom Neofunktionalismus vorhergesagten „Ausstrahlens“ (spillover effect) europäischer Integration.
Gemeinwohl-Ökonomie und die Hintergrundbedingungen des Markts
Authors: Dujmovits Rudolf , Sturn Richard
Published: December 2019

Wir erörtern Grundprobleme der Gemeinwohl-Bilanz als Kernelement von Christian Felbers Konzeption der Gemeinwohl-Ökonomie sowie damit verbundener Mechanismen, die Anreize für ein gemeinwohlorientiertes Verhalten auf Unternehmensebene schaffen. Wir skizzieren Kritikpunkte, die sich vor allem auf drei Aspekte beziehen: (1) funktionale Probleme der vorgesehenen Mechanismen, (2) eine übermäßig dichte Konzeption des guten Lebens, die im vorgeschlagenen Gemeinwohlkonzept steckt, sowie (3) die mangelnde Berücksichtigung anderer Hintergrundbedingungen des Markts.
Pedagogia em Performance: Uma abordagem do ensino do teatro na escola básica
Authors: Martins Pedro Haddad
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo busca contextualizar, articulando teoria e prática no dia-a-dia da sala de aula, o que seria uma pedagogia em performance – um ensino do teatro que se afirma como prática contemporânea a partir do teatro performativo, e não esquece elementos de sua tradição. Aqui, a performatividade da criança é tomada como material poético para a construção teatral, e efetiva a experiência como prática de elaboração do conhecimento em arte. A pesquisa, realizada com 38 turmas de teatro do sexto ano do ensino básico entre 2012 e 2017, procura, através do relato de experiências, uma possível resposta para a pergunta: quais abordagens do ensino/aprendizagem do teatro são potentes hoje?
Para pensar a escola como espaço teatral: o teatro como ação tática no/do cotidiano
Authors: Silva Renata Patrícia
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo propõe-se a discussão do teatro como ação tática no/do cotidiano da escola, a fim de contribuir para que ela seja um lugar praticado pelo fazer teatral. Para tanto, parte-se da compreensão de que a escola é um lugar que abriga práticas formalizadas e saberes-fazeres cotidianos. Diante disso, aponta-se que o teatro, se insere dentro das formalidades institucionais e dos fazeres ordinários, ponderando sua condição de prática formalizada, que se (re)inventa a partir das ações dos sujeitos no/do cotidiano escolar. Desta forma, ao discorrer sobre a docência como ação tática, compartilha-se a proposta de ações com o teatro na escola, que atuaram enquanto micropolítica cotidiana, provocando pequenas rupturas e movimentos de (re)existência, apropriando-se do território das formalidades da educação institucionalizada, a fim de legitimar o lugar da arte dentro da escola e criar espaços outros.
O grotesco, a commedia dell’arte e o clown: visão de dentro e de fora
Authors: Araújo Raíssa Guimarães de Souza , Sperber Suzi
Published: December 2019

As linguagens da commedia dell’arte e do clown, em diálogo com o conceito de grotesco, no Barracão Teatro (Campinas - SP). Parte-se das observações e vivências destas linguagens - e das entrevistas com Tiche Vianna e Ésio Magalhães, que abordam especialmente a montagem da comédia “Zabobrim: O rei vagabundo” - para as influências e atravessamentos no trabalho de uma das autoras enquanto atriz, palhaça e pesquisadora da comicidade de cunho popular. Conclusão da análise da linguagem do cômico do Barracão Teatro feito por receptora, i.e., público - e outra autora do presente artigo.
La pedagogía teatral en la escuela – un camino para lectura de textos de teatro
Authors: Arruda Aline Oliveira
Published: December 2019

En esta entrevista, realizada el 17 de septiembre de 2018, la actriz, profesora de teatro e investigadora Ester Trozzo comenta sobre su experiencia con el Teatro para niños en la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina, principalmente, en lo que consiste la importancia de la implantación de la asignatura del teatro en las escuelas argentinas. Se trata de un material importante para fomentar y ampliar los estudios y reflexiones sobre la presencia curricular del teatro como contenido escolar, sobre todo para aquellos que se dedican en sus investigaciones a estudiar sobre la importancia y la valorización de la lectura y del teatro para la formación discente.
Métodos de pesquisa: uma avaliação em artigos de marketing sobre a marca
Authors:   Universidade Estácio de Sá, Oliveira Ericsson , Silva Ricardo Gomes da ,   Universidade Estácio de Sá, Mateus Rita de Cassia ,   Universidade Estácio de Sá, Monteiro Rodrigo da Silva ,   Universidade Estácio de Sá, Troccoli Irene Raguenet ,   Universidade Estácio de Sá
Published: December 2019

Objeto de inúmeras pesquisas na área de Marketing, o construto marca, enquanto símbolo, torna-se capaz de se impregnar de significados para serem veiculados ao consumidor e de expressar a visibilidade de um discurso interno. Esta popularidade levanta a curiosidade em relação aos métodos utilizados nas pesquisas a respeito: conhecê-los auxilia no seu aprofundamento futuro ou na sua complementação por meio de caminhos que tenham sido pouco explorados ou permanecido inexplorados. O presente artigo descritivo-quantitativo identifica as principais características metodológicas dos estudos científicos brasileiros de Marketing disponíveis na base SPELL publicados sobre o tema “marca” durante 11 anos. Conclui-se que houve descaso na apresentação de várias destas informações. Isto sugere a necessidade de reforço no ensino de métodos de pesquisa nos ambientes acadêmicos, de forma a conscientizar, tanto autores quanto avaliadores, quanto à importância da credibilidade, da transferibilidade, da confiança e da confirmabilidade de qualquer pesquisa científica.
Uma análise sobre o papel do governo chinês nos parques científicos e tecnológicos (zonas de alta tecnologia) na China
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Scheidt Patrick Walter Rüdiger , Matos Guilherme Paraol de ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Teixeira Clarissa Stefani ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Frey Irineu Afonso ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Published: December 2019

A China é um país que cresceu rapidamente nas últimas décadas e sua realidade ainda é pouco compreendida no ocidente. Dessa maneira, o modo de atuação governamental nesse crescimento orientado a ciência, tecnologia e inovação merece a atenção, principalmente, de países emergentes. Portanto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel do governo nos parques científicos e tecnológicos chineses. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura na base de dados Scopus. A partir do protocolo de seleção, foram filtrados 12 artigos que serviram de base para nossa análise. Os resultados demonstram que o governo Chinês exerce forte influência sobre o desenvolvimento dos parques no país. Uma vez que, a partir da década de 80, promoveu fortemente políticas para criação de parques tecnológicos, principalmente, por meio do programa Torch. Atualmente, essa política orientada a inovação é estudada por diversos autores que buscam uma melhor compreensão do sistema de inovação chinês.
Eco-innovative strategies towards peri-urban sustainability: the case study of the metropolitan area of Naples
Authors: Vittiglio Valentina , Iodice Silvia , Amenta Libera , Russo Michelangelo , Attademo Anna , Formato Enrico
Published: December 2019

Across Europe, the current system of waste management is responsible for environmental pollution, leading to the need of a transition towards a circular economy model, and towards systemic approaches for achieving sustainable objectives. Interpreting waste as resource – through the development of eco-innovative solutions – can play a positive impact on the quality of life and of the environment. REPAiR1 research project proposes eco-innovative strategies, in order to co-design and assess solutions, involving a series of decisional problems that require the development of Spatial Decision Support System, described in their general structure and with a focus on the REPAiR project.
The Northern Ladoga region as a prospective tourist destination in the Russian-Finnish borderland: Historical, cultural, ecological and economic aspects
Authors: Stepanova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2019

The work reported here has examined the transformation of the Northern Ladoga region (a natural and historical region in the Russian-Finnish borderland) from ‘closed’ border area into a prospective tourist destination in the face of changes taking place in the 1990s. Three periods to the development of tourism in the region are identified, while the article goes on to explore general trends and features characterising the development of a tourist destination, with the focus on tourist infrastructure, the developing types of tourism and tourismoriented projects. Measures to further stimulate tourism as an economic activity of the region are suggested.
Benefits of Multiple Sclerosis Adult Day Program Participation for People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Marrow Jocelyn , Roeser Allison , Gasper Joseph , LaRocca Nicolas G. , Frankel Debra
Published: December 2019

Background:

Multiple sclerosis adult day programs (MSADPs) are nonmedical service programs that provide care and support to people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiencing levels of impairment that interfere with employment and activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to identify how program participants think MSADPs benefit them.

Methods:

We conducted in-depth interviews with 95 people with MS who were MSADP participants. Interviews occurred as part of site visits to ten programs across the country. We supplemented participant interviews with interviews of program staff and ethnographic observation of activities at each site over 1 to 3 days.

Results:

Participants reported several benefits from participating in an MSADP. Almost universally, participants explained that receiving and giving social support were the most important benefits. Other positive outcomes described included increased emotional well-being, better understanding and acceptance of MS, practical know-how for accomplishing ordinary tasks, and increased mobility and improved motor functioning.

Conclusions:

Participants believe that MSADPs have a profound influence on their psychosocial health, much of which they attribute to membership in a socially cohesive community. Clinicians and policy makers should consider recommending these programs for people with MS who have unmet psychosocial needs and experience functional impairments.
Tritrophic metabolism of plant chemical defenses and its effects on herbivore and predator performance
Authors: Sun Ruo , Jiang Xingcong , Reichelt Michael , Gershenzon Jonathan , Pandit Sagar Subhash , Giddings Vassão Daniel
Published: December 2019

Insect herbivores are frequently reported to metabolize plant defense compounds, but the physiological and ecological consequences are not fully understood. It has rarely been studied whether such metabolism is genuinely beneficial to the insect, and whether there are any effects on higher trophic levels. Here, we manipulated the detoxification of plant defenses in the herbivorous pest diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) to evaluate changes in fitness, and additionally examined the effects on a predatory lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea). Silencing glucosinolate sulfatase genes resulted in the systemic accumulation of toxic isothiocyanates in P. xylostella larvae, impairing larval development and adult reproduction. The predatory lacewing C. carnea, however, efficiently degraded ingested isothiocyanates via a general conjugation pathway, with no negative effects on survival, reproduction, or even prey preference. These results illustrate how plant defenses and their detoxification strongly influence herbivore fitness but might only subtly affect a third trophic level.
Tissue-specific shaping of the TCR repertoire and antigen specificity of iNKT cells
Authors: Jimeno Rebeca , Lebrusant-Fernandez Marta , Margreitter Christian , Lucas Beth , Veerapen Natacha , Kelly Gavin , Besra Gurdyal S , Fraternali Franca , Spencer Jo , Anderson Graham , Barral Patricia
Published: December 2019

Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Yet, if and how the tissue environment shapes the antigen specificity of iNKT cells remains unknown. By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. Within peripheral tissues iNKT cell recent thymic emigrants exhibit a different TCR repertoire than mature cells, suggesting that the iNKT population is shaped after arrival to the periphery. Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. Moreover, the iNKT cell TCR repertoire changes following immunisation and is shaped by age and environmental changes. Thus, post-thymic modification of the TCR-repertoire underpins the distinct antigen specificity for iNKT cells in peripheral tissues
Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research
Authors: Lonsdorf Tina B , Klingelhöfer-Jens Maren , Andreatta Marta , Beckers Tom , Chalkia Anastasia , Gerlicher Anna , Jentsch Valerie L , Meir Drexler Shira , Mertens Gaetan , Richter Jan , Sjouwerman Rachel , Wendt Julia , Merz Christian J
Published: December 2019

In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees of freedom with respect to exclusion of participants in paradigms with a learning element. We illustrate this empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research, in which the exclusion of ‘non-learners’ and ‘non-responders’ is common – despite a lack of consensus on how to define these groups. We illustrate the substantial heterogeneity in exclusion criteria identified in a systematic literature search and highlight the potential problems and pitfalls of different definitions through case examples based on re-analyses of existing data sets. On the basis of these studies, we propose a consensus on evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria, including clear guidelines on reporting details. Taken together, we illustrate how flexibility in data collection and analysis can be avoided, which will benefit the robustness and replicability of research findings and can be expected to be applicable to other fields of research that involve a learning element.
Studying the impact of CI on pull request delivery time in open source projects—a conceptual replication
Authors: Guo Yunfang , Leitner Philipp
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, continuous integration (CI) is indispensable in the software development process. A central promise of adopting CI is that new features or bug fixes can be delivered more quickly. A recent repository mining study by Bernardo, da Costa & Kulesza (2018) found that only about half of the investigated open source projects actually deliver pull requests (PR) faster after adopting CI, with small effect sizes. However, there are some concerns regarding the methodology used by Bernardo et al., which may potentially limit the trustworthiness of this finding. Particularly, they do not explicitly control for normal changes in the pull request delivery time during a project’s lifetime (independently of CI introduction). Hence, in our work, we conduct a conceptual replication of this study. In a first step, we replicate their study results using the same subjects and methodology. In a second step, we address the same core research question using an adapted methodology. We use a different statistical method (regression discontinuity design, RDD) that is more robust towards the confounding factor of projects potentially getting faster in delivering PRs over time naturally, and we introduce a control group of comparable projects that never applied CI. Finally, we also evaluate the generalizability of the original findings on a set of new open source projects sampled using the same methodology. We find that the results of the study by Bernardo et al. largely hold in our replication. Using RDD, we do not find robust evidence of projects getting faster at delivering PRs without CI, and we similarly do not see a speed-up in our control group that never introduced CI. Further, results obtained from a newly mined set of projects are comparable to the original findings. In conclusion, we consider the replication successful.
A novel approach to immunoapheresis of C3a/C3 and proteomic identification of associates
Authors: Winnicki Wolfgang , Pichler Peter , Mechtler Karl , Imre Richard , Steinmacher Ines , Sengölge Gürkan , Knafl Daniela , Beilhack Georg , Wagner Ludwig
Published: December 2019

Background

Complement factor C3 represents the central component of the complement cascade and its activation split product C3a plays an important role in inflammation and disease. Many human disorders are linked to dysregulation of the complement system and alteration in interaction molecules. Therefore, various therapeutic approaches to act on the complement system have been initiated.

Methods and Results

Aiming to develop a tool to eliminate C3a/C3 from the circulation, in a first step a high affine murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) (3F7E2-mAb) was generated against complement factor C3 and selected for binding to the C3a region to serve as immunoaffinity reagent. Functional testing of the 3F7E2-mAb revealed an inhibition of Zymosan-induced cleavage of C3a from C3. Subsequently, a C3a/C3 specific 3F7E2-immunoaffinity column was developed and apheresis of C3a/C3 and associates was performed. Finally, a proteomic analysis was carried out for identification of apheresis products. C3a/C3 was liberated from the 3F7E2-column together with 278 proteins. C3a/C3 interaction specificity was validated by using a haptoglobin immunoaffinity column as control and biostatistic analysis revealed 39 true C3a/C3 interactants.

Conclusion

A novel and functionally active mAb was developed against complement factor C3a/C3 and used in a specific immunoaffinity column that allows apheresis of C3a/C3 and associates and their identification by proteomic analysis. This methodological approach of developing specific antibodies that can be used as immunoaffinity reagents to design immunoaffinity columns for elimination and further identification of associated proteins could open new avenues for the development of tailored immunotherapy in various complement-mediated or autoimmune diseases.
Algorithms for efficiently collapsing reads with Unique Molecular Identifiers
Authors: Liu Daniel
Published: December 2019

Background

Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMI) are used in many experiments to find and remove PCR duplicates. There are many tools for solving the problem of deduplicating reads based on their finding reads with the same alignment coordinates and UMIs. However, many tools either cannot handle substitution errors, or require expensive pairwise UMI comparisons that do not efficiently scale to larger datasets.

Results

We reformulate the problem of deduplicating UMIs in a manner that enables optimizations to be made, and more efficient data structures to be used. We implement our data structures and optimizations in a tool called UMICollapse, which is able to deduplicate over one million unique UMIs of length 9 at a single alignment position in around 26 s, using only a single thread and much less than 10 GB of memory.

Conclusions

We present a new formulation of the UMI deduplication problem, and show that it can be solved faster, with more sophisticated data structures.
Decellularization Techniques for Preparation of Decellularized Extracellular Matrices in Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Chen Guoping , Kawazoe Naoki
Published: December 2019

Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been broadly used in tissue engineering because of their versatile bioactive nature and biomimetic properties. The ECM can be derived from various tissues, organs and cultured cells. A variety of decellularization methods have been developed to maximize the decellularization effect while minimizing the effect on ECM structures and compositions. The methods can be categorized into chemical, biological, and physical methods and their combinations. The properties and applications of ECM scaffolds are dependent on decellularization methods. This article summarizes the decellularization methods for preparation of decellularized ECM scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Determination of Validation Errors Precisely Using Bootstrapped Latin Partitions
Authors: de Boves Harrington Peter
Published: December 2019

A history of nonparametric and distribution‐free validation methods is presented. Historically, only single measures of error have been used for chemometric model optimization and validation. With the advent of modern personal computing, multiple validation methods become realizable using resampling techniques such as bootstrapping. However, bootstrapping requires random sampling of the data objects, so some sophisticated splitting methods are not amenable to bootstrapping. Furthermore, methods such as computer‐aided design of experiments (CADEX) (aka Kennard–Stone) provide biased estimates of the measured error. The Latin partition method constrains random splitting so that the class or property distribution is maintained between the splits of the data. Bootstrap analysis combined with Latin partitions has had a successful history for validating chemometric methods and developing self‐optimized chemometric methods that use the procedure internally. Several demonstrations with synthetic data reveal the advantages of the bootstrapped Latin partition method.
The Role of the Phyllosphere Microbiome in Plant Health and Function
Authors: Stone Bram W. G. , Weingarten Eric A. , Jackson Colin R.
Published: December 2019

The above‐ground surfaces of plants (the phyllosphere) harbour a diverse variety of microorganisms, and this phyllosphere microbiome interacts with the host plant affecting its health and function. Phyllosphere microorganisms, predominantly bacteria and fungi, can act as mutualists promoting plant growth and tolerance of environmental stressors, commensals using the leaf habitat for their own growth and reproduction, or as antagonistic pathogens. Although much of the literature has focused on plant–pathogen interactions and disease mechanisms, we expand this discussion to the structural and functional dynamics of the whole phyllosphere community, rather than single‐species populations. We highlight the particular challenges posed to microorganisms living on the leaf surface, describe the structure of the phyllosphere microbiome, and discuss how these microbial constituents interact with the plant with respect to stress tolerance, growth promotion, nutrient acquisition, and disease resistance. Lastly, we pose new directions for the field made possible by advances in sequencing and computational technologies.
High‐Performance Ionic‐Polymer–Metal Composite: Toward Large‐Deformation Fast‐Response Artificial Muscles
Authors: Ma Suqian , Zhang Yunpeng , Liang Yunhong , Ren Lei , Tian Wenjing , Ren Luquan
Published: December 2019

As promising candidates in the field of artificial muscles, ionic‐polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) still cannot simultaneously provide large deformations and fast responses, which has limited their practical applications. In this study, to overcome this issue, a Nafion‐based IPMC with high‐quality metal electrodes is fabricated via novel isopropanol‐assisted electroless plating. The IPMC exhibits a large tip displacement (35.3 mm, 102.3°) under a low direct‐current driving voltage and ultrafast response (>10 Hz) under an alternating‐current (AC) voltage. Furthermore, the simultaneous integration of a large deformation and fast response can be achieved by the IPMC under a high‐frequency (19 Hz) AC voltage, where the largest bending amplitude is 5.9 mm and the highest bending speed reaches 224.2 mm s−1 (596.2° s−1). Additionally, the lightweight IPMC exhibits a decent load capacity and can lift objects 20 times heavier. The outstanding performances of the Nafion IPMC are demonstrated by mimicking biological motions such as petal opening/closing, tendril coiling/uncoiling, and high‐frequency wing flapping. This study paves the way for the fabrication of lightweight actuators with simultaneous large displacements and fast responses for promising applications in biomedical devices and bioinspired robotics.
Low‐Operating Temperature, High‐Rate and Durable Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Battery Based on Polymer Electrolyte and Prussian Blue Cathode
Authors: Du Guangyuan , Tao Mengli , Li Jie , Yang Tingting , Gao Wei , Deng Jianhua , Qi Yuruo , Bao Shu‐Juan , Xu Maowen
Published: December 2019

A solid‐state polymer electrolyte (PFSA‐Na membrane) for solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries (SSIBs) to overcome severe safety issues caused by traditional liquid electrolytes is explored. The PFSA‐Na membranes, synthesized by an environmentally and economically friendly method, display high ionic conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding mechanical flexibility in a wide temperature range. SSIBs based on the PFSA‐Na membranes and Prussian blue cathode exhibit a superior rate performance of 87.5 mA h g−1 at 8 C and a durable cycling life of up to 1100 cycles at 1 C with only a slight capacity decay of ≈0.014% per cycle. Furthermore, due to the intrinsic advantages of the PFSA‐Na membranes, the cyclic performance of the proposed SSIBs is more stable than that of its liquid counterpart even at the rather low temperature of −35 °C.
Evaluation of the relationships of the WBP1L gene with schizophrenia and the general psychopathology scale based on a case–control study
Authors: Guan Fanglin , Ni Tong , Han Wei , Lin Huali , Zhang Bo , Chen Gang , Zhu Li , Liu Dan , Zhang Tianxiao
Published: December 2019

WBP1L is a target of microRNA 137 (miR‐137) and has been considered a candidate gene for schizophrenia (SCZ). To investigate the relationships between WBP1L and SCZ and its related symptom scales, a total of 5,993 Chinese Han subjects, including 2,128 SCZ patients and 3,865 controls, were enrolled. In addition, an independent sample set for replication study including 1,052 SCZ patients and 2,124 controls were also recruited. Thirty‐two tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within gene region of WBP1L were selected for genotyping and analyzing. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects for the targeted SNPs were investigated with gene expression data from multiple human tissues. Rs4147157 (OR = 0.84, p = 1.51 × 10−5) and rs284854 (OR = 1.14, p = 7.00 × 10−4) were significantly associated with SCZ disease status and these association signals were replicated in our replication sample. A significant association was identified between rs4147157 and the general (β = −.66, p = .001) and total (β = −.8, p = .0042) scores of positive and negative syndrome scale scores in SCZ patients. Both SNPs were significant eQTL for genes around WBP1L in human brain tissues including ARL3 and AS3MT. To conclude, SNPs rs4147157 and rs284854 were associated with SCZ in the Chinese Han population. Additionally, rs4147157 was significantly associated with specific symptom features of SCZ.
Regioselective Hydroiodination of Alkynes by in situ‐Generated HI
Authors: Li Jiayan , Devi Laishram Ronibala , Chen Jingchao , Xu Dandan , Shi Guangrui , Lv Haiping , Fan Ruifeng , Fan Baomin
Published: December 2019

An efficient and highly selective hydroiodination of alkynes has been reported. The reaction utilizes in situ‐generated HI from [Rh]‐complex, molecular hydrogen, and iodine under ambient temperature. The methodology provided the Markovnikov products exclusively from terminal alkynes, and predominately E‐isomers from the internal alkynes in good yields. The reaction could be performed on a gram‐scale with good yield.
Dibortetraiodid (B2I4) ist im Festkörper ein Polymer aus sp3‐hybridisiertem Bor
Authors: Muessig Jonas H. , Lisinetskaya Polina , Dewhurst Rian D. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Thaler Melanie , Mitrić Roland , Braunschweig Holger
Published: December 2019

Anhand der ersten Festkörperstrukturen von Dibortetraiodid (B2I4) wird gezeigt, dass dieses nicht, wie lange angenommen, analog zu den leichteren Dibortetrahalogeniden B2F4, B2Cl4 und B2Br4 in allen Aggregatzuständen in Form diskreter Moleküle mit planaren, dreifach koordinierten Boratomen vorliegt. Röntgenstrukturanalysen, Festkörper‐NMR‐ und IR‐Messungen zeigen, dass B2I4 im Festkörper in zwei polymeren Konformeren vorkommt, die tetraedrisch koordinierte Boratome enthalten. Anhand von DFT‐Rechnungen werden die IR‐Spektren in Lösung und im Festkörper simuliert und mit den experimentellen Daten verglichen.
Preventing thermal degradation of PVC insulation by mixtures of cross‐linking agents and antioxidants
Authors: Brostow Witold , Hnatchuk Nathalie , Kim Taehwan
Published: December 2019

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is widely used—in spite of HCl formed from it at elevated temperatures. PVC wire and cable insulation has poor thermal stability, causing the plasticizer to separate from the PVC chains and produce an oily residue, lowering the tensile elongation at break and thus increasing brittleness. One uses cross‐linking agents and antioxidants, as well as mixtures of both, to improve the thermal stability of the plasticizer and tensile properties of PVC after thermal exposure. We performed tensile tests, tribological tests, profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption determination before and after thermal exposure at 136 °C for 1 week. After adding the agents, elongation at break increased by 10 to 20% while the wear rate and water absorption were lower than for the control sample. Less voids are seen in the SEM images after adding these two kinds of agents. The thermal resistance of the PVC cable insulation is best enhanced by combinations of cross‐linking agents and antioxidants. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48816.
In‐depth characterization of genome‐scale network reconstructions for the in vitro synthesis in cell‐free systems
Authors: Schuh Lisa Katharina , Weyler Christian , Heinzle Elmar
Published: December 2019

Cell‐free systems containing multiple enzymes are becoming an increasingly interesting tool for one‐pot syntheses of biochemical compounds. To extensively explore the enormous wealth of enzymes in the biological space, we present methods for assembling and curing data from databases to apply them for the prediction of pathway candidates for directed enzymatic synthesis. We use Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes to establish single organism models and a pan‐organism model that is combining the available data from all organisms listed there. We introduce a filtering scheme to remove data that are not suitable, for example, generic metabolites and general reactions. In addition, a valid stoichiometry of reactions is required for acceptance. The networks created are analyzed by graph theoretical methods to identify a set of metabolites that are potentially reachable from a defined set of starting metabolites. Thus, metabolites not connected to such starting metabolites cannot be produced unless new starting metabolites or reactions are introduced. The network models also comprise stoichiometric and thermodynamic data that allow the definition of constraints to identify potential pathways. The resulting data can be directly applied using existing or future pathway finding tools.
ECM concentration and cell‐mediated traction forces play a role in vascular network assembly in 3D bioprinted tissue
Authors: Zhang Guangliang , Varkey Mathew , Wang Zhan , Xie Beibei , Hou Ruixing , Atala Anthony
Published: December 2019

Tissue vascularization is critical to enable oxygen and nutrient supply. Therefore, establishing expedient vasculature is necessary for the survival of tissue after transplantation. The use of biomechanical forces, such as cell‐induced traction forces, may be a promising method to encourage growth of the vascular network. Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting, which offers unprecedented versatility through precise control over spatial distribution and structure of tissue constructs, can be used to generate capillary‐like structures in vitro that would mimic microvessels. This study aimed to develop an in vitro, 3D bioprinted tissue model to study the effect of cellular forces on the spatial organization of vascular structures and tissue maturation. The developed in vitro model consists of a 3D bioprinted polycaprolactone (PCL) frame with a gelatin spacer hydrogel layer and a gelatin–fibrin–hyaluronic acid hydrogel layer containing normal human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells printed as vessel lines on top. The formation of vessel‐like networks and vessel lumens in the 3D bioprinted in vitro model was assessed at different fibrinogen concentrations with and without inhibitors of cell‐mediated traction forces. Constructs containing 5 mg/ml fibrinogen had longer vessels compared to the other concentrations of fibrinogen used. Also, for all concentrations of fibrinogen used, most of the vessel‐like structures grew parallel to the direction the PCL frame‐mediated tensile forces, with very few branching structures observed. Treatment of the 3D bioprinted constructs with traction inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in length of vessel‐like networks. The 3D bioprinted constructs also had better lumen formation, increased collagen deposition, more elaborate actin networks, and well‐aligned matrix fibers due to the increased cell‐mediated traction forces present compared to the non‐anchored, floating control constructs. This study showed that cell traction forces from the actomyosin complex are critical for vascular network assembly in 3D bioprinted tissue. Strategies involving the use of cell‐mediated traction forces may be promising for the development of bioprinting approaches for fabrication of vascularized tissue constructs.
Scale‐up and operation of a pilot‐scale ammonia fiber expansion reactor
Authors: Campbell Tim , Bals Bryan , Teymouri Farzaneh , Glassbrook John , Nielson Chandra , Videto Josh , Rinard Anthony , Moore Janette , Julian Allen , Bringi Venkataraman
Published: December 2019

Pretreatment and densification of agricultural residues at regional depots can simplify feedstock supply logistics for the production of biofuels in commercial biorefineries. We have previously reported the performance of a laboratory‐scale (5 L) packed‐bed ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) reactor system, which showed significant promise for biomass pretreatment at distributed depots. In this paper, we describe the performance of a 90‐fold larger pilot‐scale packed‐bed AFEX‐reactor system, used to produce over 1,500 batches (~36 tons) of pretreated crop residues over a 5‐year period. Virtually all unreacted ammonia was successfully removed from the biomass, and 76% of the ammonia was recycled and reused. Pretreatment performance at pilot scale was comparable to laboratory‐scale, averaging 74% glucose and 75% xylose yield in a standard test compared with 71% and 73%, respectively. Other operating and maintenance aspects are also discussed.
Real‐time dissolved carbon dioxide monitoring I: Application of a novel in situ sensor for CO2 monitoring and control
Authors: Chopda Viki R. , Holzberg Timothy , Ge Xudong , Folio Brandon , Tolosa Michael , Kostov Yordan , Tolosa Leah , Rao Govind
Published: December 2019

Dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO2) is a well‐known critical parameter in bioprocesses due to its significant impact on cell metabolism and on product quality attributes. Processes run at small‐scale faces many challenges due to limited options for modular sensors for online monitoring and control. Traditional sensors are bulky, costly, and invasive in nature and do not fit in small‐scale systems. In this study, we present the implementation of a novel, rate‐based technique for real‐time monitoring of dCO2 in bioprocesses. A silicone sampling probe that allows the diffusion of CO2 through its wall was inserted inside a shake flask/bioreactor and then flushed with air to remove the CO2 that had diffused into the probe from the culture broth (sensor was calibrated using air as zero‐point calibration). The gas inside the probe was then allowed to recirculate through gas‐impermeable tubing to a CO2 monitor. We have shown that by measuring the initial diffusion rate of CO2 into the sampling probe we were able to determine the partial pressure of the dCO2 in the culture. This technique can be readily automated, and measurements can be made in minutes. Demonstration experiments conducted with baker's yeast and Yarrowia lipolytica yeast cells in both shake flasks and mini bioreactors showed that it can monitor dCO2 in real‐time. Using the proposed sensor, we successfully implemented a dCO2‐based control scheme, which resulted in significant improvement in process performance.
Chemical Composition of Volatiles of Eight Geranium L. Species from Vlasina Plateau (South Eastern Serbia)
Authors: Ilić Milan D. , Marčetić Mirjana D. , Zlatković Bojan K. , Lakušić Branislava S. , Kovačević Nada N. , Drobac Milica M.
Published: December 2019

Geranium species are widely used in traditional medicine of Balkan. The aim of this work was to investigate and compare chemical composition of volatile fractions obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of G. macrorrhizum, G. phaeum, G. sanguineum, G. robertianum, G. palustre, G. pyrenaicum, G. columbinum and G. lucidum as well as from underground parts of G. macrorrhizum and G. phaeum, originated from Vlasina plateau in South Eastern Serbia. The volatiles were analyzed using GC/MS and GC‐FID. G. palustre volatiles have been studied for the first time with β‐selinene (18.6 %) as a characteristic compound. The cluster analysis revealed separation of volatiles into two main groups. Volatile fractions of G. macrorrhizum were separated from all other samples due to high sesquiterpene content (92.3 % in aerial and 94.6 % in underground parts). The volatile fractions of other samples were mainly composed of sesquiterpenes (10.8–61.8 %), diterpenes (12.9–43.0 %) and fatty acids and their derivatives (6.6–21.6 %) with the exception of volatile fraction of G. phaeum underground parts which was dominated only by fatty acids and their derivatives (76.6 %). The results presented in this article contribute to the knowledge on the chemistry of this genus and advances the knowledge on flora of southeast Serbia.