bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there a possibility of perovskite taking over the solar technology market by 2030?
Authors: O.Fashina Adebayo
Published: February 2021

In recent time, there have been enormous advances in the development of perovskite solar cells in terms of its efficiency, rising from 3.8 percent in 2009 to 23.7 percent in 2018. This took other solar technologies over thirty years of research to accomplish. On the other hand, perovskite proffers a more affordable solution since it is potentially much cheaper to produce and relatively simple to manufacture than silicon solar cells. In spite of this great potential, perovskite solar cell technology is still in the premature stages of commercialization due to a number of concerns. Moreover, like with many new technologies, there is a difference between what works in the laboratory at small-scale and in the factory at large-scale. Thus, looking at perovskites as a material, it has the tendency to be a bit unstable at high temperature and susceptible to moisture and these could cause the decomposition of cells. The question here is: can perovskite outshine silicon solar cel1s in the next 10 years considering the successes so far and the vigorous research that is presently taking place globally?Â Â
Geotechnical and geochemical appraisal of IFON clay, Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for industrial utilization
Authors: O Ademila , T. H. T Ogunribido , J. M Abidoye
Published: February 2021

Clays are geological materials of economic potential in the manufacturing and environmental industries. Geotechnical properties and geochemical composition of Ifon clay deposits in Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated with the aim of determining their economic potentials. The geotechnical investigation includes consistency limits, strength, permeability and firing tests, while, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method was used for determination of the bulk elemental composition of the clays using standard techniques. Geotechnical appraisal of the clay deposits revealed that high proportion of clay size fractions (52.3 â€“ 66.1%) makes the clays suitable in their natural state for industrial raw materials. Activity of the clays was found to be low at approximately 0.3 â€“ 0.7 and classified as inactive clays. Unconfined compressive strength varies between 3.4 N/mm2 and 4.7 N/mm2 and moderate shrinkage values (â‰¤ 12%) indicate that the clays could be used as building construction materials. Coefficient of permeability of 7.75 Ã— 10-8 to 1.72 Ã— 10-5 cm/sec described the clays as low to impermeable soils suitable as barrier soils. SiO2 (64.41 â€“ 68.74%) and Al2O3 (22.98 â€“ 28.45%) contents dominate the clay geochemistry followed by iron oxide, Fe2O3 (3.57 â€“ 8.31%) content among other oxides in traces, imply that they originated from underlying basement rocks subjected to varying degree of weathering. Low MgO, CaO, K2O and Na2O indicate no expandable clay minerals in the clays. The clays show low heavy metal concentrations which guarantee their suitability as raw materials in chemical industries. Thus, Ifon clay deposits are suitable for the production of ceramics, refractory bricks, paper, paints, rubber and fertilizer.Â Â
Designing anti-reflection coatings for optical surface
Authors: M. Meheretu Getnet , E. Gebremeskel Sitotaw
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we have analyzed the optical properties of single and double layer antireflection coatings with the help of influential characteristics matrix formulation method in the visible electromagnetic spectrum. We have studied deeply for the glass coated with MgF_2 as a single layer coating and the spectrum analysis of double layer coatings of glass withã€– MgFã€—_2-Al_2 O_3. With the aid of the algebraic mathematics and MatLab program, we have developed antireflection coating designs which leads to an enhancement of materialâ€™s ability for transmission spectrum through it. According to the result we have obtained, it clearly seen that the maximum transmission power for single layer and double layer coatings are about 97.2% which occurs at wavelength of 450 nm and 100% occurs at 324 nm, respectively. It is also observed that the minimum value recorded in transmission spectra for double layer antireflection coating is 99.83% at a wavelength of 418 nm (for normal incidence) and 400 nm (for Î¸=60Â° angle of incident). In broadly speaking, our fundamental work shows double layer antireflection coating is more convenient and feasible than single layer antireflection coating.Â Â Â
Application of the extended exp(-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method to the nonlinear conformable time-fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Kumar Dipankar , Chandra Ray Samir
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the new exact solutions of the three nonlinear time fractional partial differential equations namely the nonlinear time fractional Clannish Random Walkerâ€™s Parabolic (CRWP) equation, the nonlinear time fractional modified Kawahara equation, and the nonlinear time fractional BBM-Burger equation by utilizing an extended form of exp(-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method in the sense of conformable fractional derivative. As outcomes, some new exact solutions are obtained and signified by hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and rational function solutions. Some solutions have been plotted by MATLAB software to show the physical significance of our studied equations. In the point of view of our executed method and generated results, we may conclude that extended exp (-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method is more efficient than exp(-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method to extract the new exact solutions for solving any types of integer and fractional differential equations arising in mathematical physics.Â Â Â
Design of a hybrid solar photovoltaic system for Gollis Universityâ€™s administrative block, Somaliland
Authors: S. Adam Jama , A. Fashina Adebayo
Published: February 2021

This work presents the design of a 100kVA hybrid solar power system for Gollis Universityâ€™s administrative block, Hargeisa, Somaliland. Prior to the system design, a preliminary field work on the site was performed to essentially measure the power/energy consumption of Gollis universityâ€™s administrative block. The results from the site survey was then used to select the appropriate equipment and instrument required for the design. This was achieved by calculating the energy consumption and then sizing the solar panel, battery, inverter and charge controller. The battery back-up time analysis at full load was also carried out to determine the effectiveness of the inverter size chosen. The inverter system was modeled and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software package. The simulation was used to study the reliability of the size of inverter chosen for the design, since the failure of most photovoltaic systems is ascribed to inverter failures. The results from the MATLAB/Simulink simulation showed that the inverter selected for the hybrid PV system has the ability to maximize the power produced from the PV array, and to generate sinusoidal AC voltage with minimum output distortion. The results also revealed that the PV solar system can provide a back-up time of 47.47 hours. The implications of the results are then discussed before presenting the recommendations for future works.Â Â
A study on the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and atterberg limits of selected lateritic soils
Authors: Adunoye G.O , Ojo A.A , Alasia A.F , Olarewaju M.O
Published: February 2021

The importance of soil compaction for civil engineering construction and application cannot be over-emphasised. To perform soil compaction, numerous number of samples are required, with considerable time and laborious laboratory activities. This has necessitated the need to find models for the prediction of compaction characteristics, using easily determined soil properties. This work therefore undertook a study of the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and Atterberg limits of soils, with a view to modelling compaction characteristics, using Atterberg limits. To achieve this aim, soil samples were obtained from selected locations within Obafemi Awolowo University campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Preliminary, Atterberg limits and compaction tests were conducted on the soil samples, using standard procedure. Using Microsoft Excel and Xuruâ€™s Regression tool, the laboratory test results were used to develop relationships between compaction characteristics (optimum moisture content and maximum dry density) and Atterberg limits (liquid limit and plastic limit). Results showed that the natural moisture content of soil samples ranged between 4.97 % and 19.72 %; liquid limit ranged between 27 % and 68 %; plastic limit ranged between 18.92 % and 63.01 %; and plasticity index ranged between 0.94 % and 14.63 %. The optimum moisture content ranged between 6.7 % and 27 %, while the maximum dry density ranged between 1560 kN/m3 and 2260 kN/m3. The results of regression analysis showed that the combination of liquid limit and plastic limit has a strong correlation with optimum moisture content (R2 = 0.870); while the combination (of liquid limit and plastic limit) showed a weak correlation with maximum dry density (R2 = 0.150). The study concluded that liquid limit and plastic limit could be used to estimate the optimum moisture content of the soils, by applying the developed relationship/equation.Â Â
Elastic constants and optical phonon frequencies of BX (X= P, As, and Sb) semiconductors: Semi-empirical prediction
Authors: Daoud Salah , Kumar Saini Pawan , Rekab-Djabri Hamza
Published: February 2021

Based on some simple empirical formulas established by Adachi in, Properties of group-IV, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (2005), and the experimental lattice constants reported in the literature; the present work aims to predict the elastic constants and some other significant properties of cubic zinc-blende boron compounds (BP, BAs and BSb). The obtained values of C12and C44 are in general good agreement with other data of the literature, while C11 and B are slightly lower. The zone-center longitudinal optical (LO) and transverse optical (TO) phonon frequencies are also obtained. The LO and TO phonon frequencies of BP compound were found at 866.6and 834.5 cmâ€“1, respectively; these of BAs were found at 731.3 and 727.1 cmâ€“1, respectively; while for the BSb narrow-gap semiconducting compound were found at around 598.3and 586.2 cmâ€“1, respectively. These two later values are in general slightly lower than the calculated values, and the observed Raman spectroscopy values reported in the literature.Â
An augmented reality system to enhance facial expressions recognision in autistic children
Authors: Bahzad Ahmad Hawar
Published: February 2021

In the past decade, Augmented Reality (AR) has been applied in several professional practice areas, including but not limited to autism therapy. AR supplies virtual information to the visual perceptions of users, giving the user new tools to ensure that knowledge for many processes and in many environments are comprehended efficiently. Usually, AR applications depend on virtual reality headset (VR-box) to overlay virtual objects and text on the surrounding environment of the user.People with autism spectrum condition (ASC) especially children are often found lacking in social interaction, including facial expres-sion and understanding of other minds which make social communication more difficult for them. This paper aims to use AR system to assist children with (ASC) in better understanding facial expressions by overlaying suggested 3d objects over the physical environment. Results of AR treatment found higher engagement and more effective compare to a non-AR system.This paper utilizes Vuforia to create an AR environment for the treatment of children with ASC. Vuforia is a software development kit that provides AR capabilities to smartphone devices.
Geometric Approach to Optimal Path Problem with Uncertain Arc Lengths
Authors: Hasan-Zadeh Atefeh
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the problem of finding the shortest paths, one of the most important problems in science and technology has been geometrically studied. Shortest path algorithm has been generalized to the shortest cycles in each homotopy class on a surface with arbitrary topology, using the universal covering space notion in the algebraic topology. Then, a general algorithm has been presented to compute the shortest cycles (geometrically rather than combinatorial) in each homotopy class. The algorithm can handle surface meshes with the desired topology, with or without boundary. It also provides a fundamental framework for other algorithms based on universal coverage space due to the capacity and flexibility of the framework.Â
Evaluating the performance of machine learning algorithms for network intrusion detection systems in the internet of things infrastructure
Authors: M. Banadaki Yaser
Published: February 2021

As numerous Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are deploying on a daily basis, network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are among the most critical tools to ensure the protection and security of networks against malicious cyberattacks. This paper employs four machine learning algorithms: XGBoost, random forest, decision tree, and gradient boosting, and evaluates their performance in NIDS, considering the accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score. The comparative analysis conducted using the CICIDS2017 dataset reveals that the XGBoost performs better than the other algorithms reaching the predicted accuracy of 99.6% in detecting cyberattacks. XGBoost-based attack detectors also have the largest weighted metrics of F1-score, precision, and recall. The paper also studies the effect of class imbalance and the size of the normal and attack classes. The small numbers of some attacks in training datasets mislead the classifier to bias towards the majority classes resulting in a bottleneck to improving macro recall and macro F1 score. The results assist the network engineers in choosing the most effective machine learning-based NIDS to ensure network security for todayâ€™s growing IoT network traffic.Â
Pencegahan “Privacy Violation” di Media Sosial Pada Kalangan Remaja
Authors: Ikhtiara Seiren
Published: February 2021

This article is the result of research on social Media based on the results of the development of internet technology as a new media (newmedia)that has implications in it to give a positive influence andnegatif on human life. The method used is qualitative descriptive whose data is taken through observation at SMAN 1 Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta school. The results of this study show that social media makes it easier for a person to interact and communicate.  Socialcare can also have a big impact on teenagers. Kaum teenagers who are also the most users on social media are very vulnerable and can be victims or perpetrators of cyber   crime, namely privacy  violations.   Remaja as the next generation of the nation must be wise in using social media. Remaja must quickly take langkah by frequently following socialization containing information about actions against cyber crime.Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian tentang media sosial berbasis dari hasil perkembangan teknologi internet sebagai media baru (new media) yang menimbulkan implikasi didalamnya memberikan pengaruh positif dan negatif pada kehidupan manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang datanya diambil melalui observasi di sekolah SMAN 1 Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa media sosial memudahkan seseorang dalam berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi. Media sosial juga bisa memberikan dampak yang besar bagi remaja. Kaum remaja yang juga sebagai pengguna terbanyak di media sosial sangat rentan dan bisa menjadi korban ataupun pelaku dari cyber crime yaitu pelanggaran privasi atau privacy violation. Remaja sebagai generasi penerus bangsa harus dengan bijak dalam menggunakan media sosial. Remaja harus sigap mengambil langkah dengan sering mengikuti sosialisasi yang berisi informasi perihal tindakan melawan cyber crime.
Banking on Digital Money: Swedish Cashlessness and the Fraying Currency Tether
Authors: Peebles Gustav
Published: February 2021

As cash has suddenly gone missing from Swedish life, a growing range of citizens and institutions have sounded the alarm that cash enabled a space of egalitarian access now under threat. But because commercial bank currency is gradually displacing public central bank currency, cashlessness in Sweden is not only threatening its egalitarian ethos but also the Swedish Central Bank’s capacity to provide a guaranteed state payment mechanism. The consequences of Sweden’s battles over cash-issuance may presage the future of our global banking system in a digital age, while also illuminating what is here called currency’s “tethering mechanism.” Because bank-issued currencies represent chains of credit/debt, exchanging and storing different currencies can tether and de-tether their users to different institutions, thereby offering anthropologists the possibility of mapping the waxing and waning of various dominant social institutions. 

Sammanfattning

Det svenska samhället har bara på några år kommit att bli ett kontantlöst samhälle. Nu larmar institutioner och medborgare om att bristen på kontanter hotar möjligheten för invånare att delta i samhället på ett likvärdigt sätt. Det kontantlösa samhället hotar inte bara dess jämlikhetsetos utan också den svenska centralbankens förmåga att tillhandahålla en garanterad statlig betalningsmekanism då affärsbanksvaluta gradvis förskjuter den offentliga centralbanksvalutan. Det svenska banksystemet fungerar därför som ett bra exempel utifrån vilket vi kan förutse konsekvenserna av ett kontantlöst globalt banksystem, samtidigt som det också kan belysa det som här kallas valutans “tethering mechanism”. Utbyte och lagerhållning av olika valutor kopplar eller skiljer användare till eller från olika institutioner, eftersom bankemitterade valutor representerar kedjor av kredit/skuld. Det ger antropologer möjlighet att studera och kartlägga dominerande sociala institutioners uppgång och fall.
Air Pressure: Temporal Hierarchies in Nepali Aviation
Authors: Harris Tina
Published: February 2021

While the aviation industry is dominated by narratives of smooth, unending growth and future planning, in practice it is profoundly striated and asymmetrical. Through an ethnographic study of how air traffic controllers, pilots, and operations staff in Nepal experience “air pressure,” this article demonstrates how understandings of the uneven geography of aviation infrastructure are framed in terms of time. Nepali airports are often perceived as “lagging behind” or “quaint” in comparison to other airports around the world, and air traffic congestion in Nepal can create bottlenecks that in turn have massive implications for the wider system. Yet some kinds of disruption—such as unpredictable weather—reconfigure familiar hierarchies, bringing the value of Nepali aviators’ knowledge of how to manage difficult skies to the forefront of aviation futures. Aviation personnel highlight and expose severe inequalities in global aviation infrastructure systems while also contributing to them in ways that reveal specific ideas about the future of the nation. Unravelling these “tangles of temporalities” may provide a better understanding of how global temporal regimes are harnessed so as to shape lives.

सारांश

उड्डयन उद्योग सहज तथा निरन्तर वृद्धि हुने र भावी योजना बनिरहने क्षेत्र हो भन्ने भाष्य हावी छ, तर व्यवहारमा यो अत्यन्त खण्डित र विषम छ । नेपालका हवाई ट्राफिक नियन्त्रक, विमान चालक, र हवाई सेवा सञ्चालन कर्मचारीहरूले कसरी “हवाई चाप” लाई अनुभव गर्छन् भन्ने विषयको एथ्नोग्राफिक अध्ययनको आधारमा यो लेखले उड्डयन पूर्वाधारको असमान धरातललाई कसरी कालिक ढाँचामा बुझ्ने गरिन्छ भन्ने देखाउन खोजेको छ । विश्वका अरू विमानस्थलहरूको तुलनामा नेपालका विमानस्थलहरू “पिछडिएका” र “विचित्रका” मानिए पनि, नेपालमा हवाई ट्राफिकको घुइँचोले विभिन्न अवरोधहरू सिर्जना गर्न सक्छन्, जसले सिङ्गो प्रणालीमा बृहत् प्रभाव पार्न सक्ने कुराको सङ्केत गर्छ । अप्रत्याशित मौसम परिवर्तन जस्ता केही अवरोधले उड्डयन उद्योगमा विद्यमान श्रेणीयताहरू (हायरार्की) को पुनर्विन्यास गरिदिन्छन्, जसले नेपाली उड्डयन कर्मचारीहरूले विषम परिस्थितिमा गर्दै आएको हवाई ट्राफिक व्यवस्थापनको ज्ञानको महत्त्वलाई उड्डयन भविष्य बजारको अग्रपङ्तिमा ल्याइदिन्छ । उड्डयन कर्मचारीहरूले वैश्विक उड्डयन पूर्वाधार प्रणालीहरूमा रहेका गम्भीर असमानताहरू झल्काउनका साथै ती असमानताहरू सिर्जना गर्नमा पनि योगदान गर्छन्, र राष्ट्रको भविष्य बारेका निश्चित विचारहरूलाई उद्घाटित गर्छन् । यी “कालिकताहरूका गुजुल्टा” को फुकाइले कसरी जनजीवनलाई प्रभाव पार्न वैश्विक कालिक व्यवस्थालाई उपयोगमा ल्याइन्छ भन्ने बारे अझ राम्ररी बुझ्न मद्दत गर्न सक्छ ।
Vengeful Animals, Involuntary Mourning, and the Ethics of Ndyuka Autonomy
Authors: Strange Stuart Earle
Published: February 2021

This article reflects on mourning and interspecies responsibility. Considering what Ndyuka Maroons in the Caribbean country of Suriname—historic fugitives from plantation capitalism—call kunu (avenging ghosts) I explore how Ndyukas attempt to secure personal and collective autonomy in an expansively relational reality where mourning is the quintessence of relatedness. Because grief impinges on Ndyuka autonomy, daily life is understood as a flawed struggle to maintain freedom from mourning. This can only be done by paying appropriate respect to others so that they do not return as vengeful spirits dedicated to the destruction of those who have harmed them and their entire families in perpetuity. This essay examines the ethics of such deeply relational notions of autonomy and ponders its implications for understanding accountability for anthropogenic extinction.

On sa a sikiifi ya wani taki

A sikiifi ya taki fu a fasi di Ndyuka sama e tyai fuka anga sowtu faantiwowtu de fu den meti di e kon toon libisama kunu. A e taki tu fu sani di sa pasa te libisama kii wan libi libi sani di o toon kunu, anga fa libi sama mu dini kunu fu den sa libi makandii a wan fii fasi. Te wan sama dede, da ala sama fu a famii e tyai a fuka de makandii. Te wan kunu kon a wan famii, da a sa meke a famii fu a sama di be kii en tyai a fuka de soseefi tu. Libisama ná e wani fu tyai a fuka, ma a kunu sa meke den tyai en namo namo, bika a so wan fasi a o meke den fii a seefi tyali di en famii be fii, di den kii en. Fu di kunu a wani sani di de tuu tuu, da libisama mu libi a wan lesipeki fasi fu den no mu meke kunu gi den famii di o tan fika gi den baka pikin fu pikin, paansu fu paansu. A sikiifi ya e taki tu fu a fasi di Ndyuka sama denki fu libi anga den busi sani, anga fa den mu meke mofu a makandii fu libi anga den sani di sa toon kunu, fu a no mu poti den a fuka. A sikiifi ya taki en so, bika somen sama ná e lesipeki den sowtu a sowtu meti ya, ofuso den bon, anga soseefi den peesi pe den e tan fu libi moo. A toli ya e soi taki Ndyuka sama abi fuu koni di sa leli den bakaasama fu soi den fa den mu libi a wan lesipeki fasi di o meke den ná o poli a goontapu, ma den o tan libi bun bun anga taawan.
Polskie opracowanie krótkiej wersji Skali poczucia skuteczności nauczycielskiej (TSES) Tschannen-Moran i Woolfolk Hoy
Authors: Hreciński Piotr Adam
Published: February 2021

Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) autorstwa Tschannen-Moran i Woolfolk Hoy jest narzędziem umożliwiającym pomiar przekonania o własnej skuteczności nauczycielskiej w wymiarze motywowania uczniów, nauczania i kierowania klasą. Metoda ta posiada dobre ugruntowanie w społeczno-poznawczej teorii Bandury. Zaprezentowane w niniejszym artykule polskie tłumaczenie krótkiej wersji tej skaliodzwierciedla trójczynnikową strukturę oryginału i posiada satysfakcjonujące właściwości psychometryczne. Mimo pewnych słabości narzędzie to wydaje się być przydatną miarą w badaniach psychologicznych podejmowanych wśród polskich nauczycieli.
Segregations in Steels during Heat Treatment – A Consideration along the Process Chain
Authors: Hunkel M.
Published: February 2021

Segregation is an unavoidable phenomenon in continuous or ingot casting of steel for thermodynamic reasons. If costly processes that explicitly reduce segregation are not carried out, the segregations remain until the final product. Therefore, an understanding of the development and effects of segregation along the entire process chain is necessary. The focus in this publication is on the treatment of segregations in low alloy steels. First, the characterisation of segregation is presented. An overview of the formation and development of segregations during primary shaping and forming processes is given. The focus is on segregation-related effects during heat treatment with regard to inhomogeneous microstructure and negative heat treatment results such as distortion or hardening cracks. In a short outlook, the influence of segregation on the component behaviour is described. ◼
Modeling of unforced demand response programs
Authors: Jalili Hassan , Siano Pierluigi
Published: February 2021

Demand response programs are useful options in reducing electricity price, congestion relief, load shifting, peak clipping, valley filling and resource adequacy from the system operator’s viewpoint. For this purpose, many models of these programs have been developed. However, the availability of these resources has not been properly modeled in demand response models making them not practical for long-term studies such as in the resource adequacy problem where considering the providers’ responding uncertainties is necessary for long-term studies. In this paper, a model considering providers’ unavailability for unforced demand response programs has been developed. Temperature changes, equipment failures, simultaneous implementation of demand side management resources, popular TV programs and family visits are the main reasons that may affect the availability of the demand response providers to fulfill their commitments. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been demonstrated by numerical simulation.
Study on Binary Mixture System of Lauroyl Sodium Glutamate Surfactant
Authors: He Binbin , Lin Liangliang , Xu Hujun
Published: February 2021

In the present study, binary mixtures of sodium N-lauroylglutamate (SLG) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) or dodecylbetaine (BS-12) were examined for their synergistic effect. The surface chemical properties of the compound systems with different molar ratios were determined by the regular solution theory. Results indicated that both compound systems show synergistic effects of overall synergy, in which the SLG/DTAC system exhibited a better activity than the SLG/BS-12 system. The aggregation number of SLG compound systems was smaller than that of single surfactants, and the difference of the proportion of the two surfactants had little effect on the aggregation number of compound systems.
The Application of Multimedia Technology in Teaching Innovation
Authors: Yao Yanxin , Wang Peng , Xia Xiaolin , Li Xiaojun , Song Chao
Published: February 2021

The rapid development of technology has driven the development of the information industry. The great development of computer network technology has promoted the continuous development of teaching art expression towards diversification and enrichment and provided a more adequate carrier of expression for teachers to communicate design. Multimedia technology, as an essential communication method and medium in modern teaching, plays an important role in the transmission and dissemination of information in the teaching process. In education, innovation is one of the aspects that need attention in the development of educational research. It is also the only way to meet the needs of the current era and industrial development. The development of multimedia technology gives current and technical characteristics and more powerful innovative skills. This article introduces more multimedia innovation ideas and better meets the needs of related professional personnel training. This article discusses and analyzes the position of multimedia technology between them in terms of innovative development of multimedia teaching.
Visuo-Motor Feedback Modulates Neural Activities in the Medulla of the Honeybee,Apis mellifera
Authors: Rusch Claire , Alonso San Alberto Diego , Riffell Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2021

Behavioral and internal-state modulation of sensory processing has been described in several organisms. In insects, visual neurons in the optic lobe are modulated by locomotion, but the degree to which visual–motor feedback modulates these neurons remains unclear. Moreover, it also remains unknown whether self-generated and externally generated visual motion are processed differently. Here, we implemented a virtual reality system that allowed fine-scale control over visual stimulation in relation to animal motion, in combination with multichannel recording of neural activity in the medulla of a female honeybee (Apis mellifera). We found that this activity was modulated by locomotion, although, in most cases, only when the bee had behavioral control over the visual stimulus (i.e., in a closed-loop system). Moreover, closed-loop control modulated a third of the recorded neurons, and the application of octopamine (OA) evoked similar changes in neural responses that were observed in a closed loop. Additionally, in a subset of modulated neurons, fixation on a visual stimulus was preceded by an increase in firing rate. To further explore the relationship between neuromodulation and adaptive control of the visual environment of the bee, we modified motor gain sensitivity while locally injecting an OA receptor antagonist into the medulla. Whereas female honeybees were tuned to a motor gain of −2 to 2 (between the heading of the bee and its visual feedback), local disruption of the OA pathway in the medulla abolished this tuning, resulting in similar low levels of response across levels of motor gain. Our results show that behavioral control modulates neural activity in the medulla and ultimately impacts behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen moving, an animal generates the motion of the visual scene over its retina. We asked whether self-generated and externally generated optic flow are processed differently in the insect medulla. Our results show that closed-loop control of the visual stimulus modulates neural activity as early as the medulla and ultimately impacts behavior. Moreover, blocking octopaminergic modulation further disrupted object-tracking responses. Our results suggest that the medulla is an important site for context-dependent processing of visual information and that placing the animal in a closed-loop environment may be essential to understanding its visual cognition and processing.
Odontologia Forense: sua importância e meios de identificação post mortem
Authors: Trevisol Sara , Tiecher Caroline , Coelho Amanda Melo , Loureiro Manasses Alcantara , Thiel Regina Rigo , Ehrhardt Alexandre
Published: February 2021

A Odontologia Forense é uma especialidade que investiga os processos físicos, químicos e biológicos que podem ter provocado danos a um indivíduo, auxiliando a justiça na identificação de indivíduos mortos. O presente estudo objetiva comprovar, através de evidências científicas existentes na literatura, a importância da Odontologia Forense. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sistematizada qualitativa, a qual realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico a partir de seleção de literatura tradicional e artigos em bases de dados online, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “Forensic Anthropology”; “Forensic sciences”; “Human identification”, “Microsatellite Repeats” e suas combinações. Foram incluídos estudos sobre Odontologia Forense, publicados na língua portuguesa e inglesa, sem limitação de data de publicação. Foram encontrados 1853 artigos, dentre os quais 20 se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão, sendo eles: relato de caso clínico, estudos transversais e revisão da literatura. A Odontologia Forense mostra sua importância em variados casos, na maioria deles a identificação é obtida através dos arcos dentários que permitem identificar grupo racial, sexo, altura, idade, e os dados ante mortem, em que observam-se dados dos tratamentos odontológicos ocorridos ante mortem e compara-se com post mortem. Verificou-se com os resultados obtidos que a Odontologia Forense possui grande importância em variados casos de investigação, devido ao fato de os elementos dentários resistirem por mais tempo a condições desfavoráveis, havendo assim a possibilidade de obtenção de material genético através destes elementos.
Portret Marii Szetkiewiczówny w panieńskich listach do matki
Authors:   Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Walęciuk-Dejneka Beata
Published: February 2021

Artykuł jest literaturoznawczym spojrzeniem na prawie zupełnie nieznaną sylwetkę Marii Szetkiewiczówny, żony Henryka Sienkiewicza, i jej korespondencję z matką Wandą Szetkiewiczową. Listy córki do matki ukazują oczytaną, ambitną i pragnącą różnorodnej nauki młodą niewiastę. Ponadto Maria okazuje się kobietą nowoczesną, samodzielną i niezależną, co w XIX w. należało do rzadkości. Pokazują też matkę jako kobietę spokojną, zrównoważoną, kochającą i decyzyjną. Dominującym tematem korespondencji obu pań jest zdrowie, a właściwie jego brak. Celem artykułu jest zatem literaturoznawcza analiza i interpretacja tej korespondencji – Maria jawi się w niej jako kobieta wewnętrznie silna, stanowcza, a przy tym wrażliwa, delikatna i cierpiąca.
Listy czytelniczek do „Kobiety i Życia” i „Przyjaciółki” jako źródło badań codziennego życia kobiet w PRL
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Zajko-Czochańska Justyna , Sokołowska Urszula ,   Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Published: February 2021

Opracowanie ukazuje istotę listów do redakcji jako źródła badania historii. Na wstępie zaprezentowano definicję analizowanego materiału źródłowego ze wskazaniem przesłanek przemawiających za uznaniem korespondencji czytelniczej za autentyczną. Do analizy posłużyły dwa najpopularniejsze czasopisma kobiece okresu PRL: „Przyjaciółka” adresowana do kobiet wiejskich, osób słabo wykształconych, głównie gospodyń domowych, „Kobieta i Życie” zaś do kobiet zamieszkujących miasta, robotnic, nauczycielek czy inteligentek. Wybór tytułów wynika również z faktu, iż to właśnie do obu tych redakcji napływało najwięcej korespondencji, czyniąc je powiernikami ludzkich problemów. Artykuł prezentuje różnorodną tematykę podejmowaną w listach do redakcji na łamach obu periodyków, wskazując na podobieństwa i różnice w podejmowanych przez czytelników zagadnieniach.
Functional attributes of seminal proteins in bull fertility: a systematic review
Authors: Viana Arabela Guedes de Azevedo , Ribeiro Iara Magalhães , Carvalho Renner Philipe Rodrigues , Memili Erdogan , Moura Arlindo Alencar , Machado-Neves Mariana
Published: February 2021

Proteomic approaches have been widely used in reproductive studies to uncover protein biomarkers of bull fertility. Seminal plasma is one of the most relevant sources of these proteins that may influence sperm physiology. Nonetheless, there are still gaps in existing knowledge in the functional attributes of seminal proteins. Thus, we reviewed the relationships between seminal plasma proteins and bull fertility by conducting a systematic review with data obtained from 71 studies. This review showed that the associations related to fertility improvement with the use of total seminal plasma proteins are still controversial. None of the studies explored the sperm fertilizing ability following these interactions. By contrast, the exposure to a single protein, such as osteopontin, binder of sperm proteins, and heparin binding proteins, can increment sperm motility, capacitation, and fertilizing ability by modulating intracellular calcium concentrations, removing lipids from sperm membranes, and regulating the acrosome reaction. Variations in protein analyses and the protein contents and their abundances between animals contributed to the difficulty of establishing protein biomarkers of fertilizing potential of the bull sperm. Indeed, the heterogenicity of methodologies was a limitation of this review. Standardized methods of seminal protein analyses, as well as sperm endpoints, may minimize such discrepancies. In conclusion, potential biomarkers of sperm parameters are still to be established. Future studies should evaluate protein isoforms and how they interact with sperm to ascertain their biological functions.
TOWARDS AN AFRICAN THEORY OF JUST WAR
Authors: UGWUANYI LAWRENCE OGBO
Published: February 2021

From 1957 when the first independent country emerged in Africa till date, Africa has fought over a hundred wars1. These wars which have been both inter-state and intra-state wars, sometimes called civil wars, provoke philosophical questions on the meaning and notion of war in African thought scheme. Were these wars just or not within an African conception of war- that is the means, manner and method of fighting war within the African experience? If the idea of just war were advanced through the African worldview, what principles would define it? What alternative and fresh values would be suggested by the theory? This article sets out to address these questions. To do this, the work will attempt to articulate an African theory of just war by mapping out what it would look like if it were informed by the norms, values, and micro-principles that characteristically drive philosophical enquiry in an indigenous African context. The work will draw from narratives about wars that have been fought in traditional African society as well as oral texts to achieve its position, which is roughly that a just war in African thought is war fought to protect the corporate harmony of a people who are bound and bonded together through land, the resources, and other symbols and traditions that make them distinct.
Structural and behavior changes of herbaceous and hardwood biomass during steam explosion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Li Wen-Chao , Han Lin-Jie , Peng Tai-Bing , Xie Yan-Yan , Zou Yang , Li Liang-Zhi , Jia Shi-Ru , Zhong Cheng
Published: February 2021

Steam explosion (SE) was used to pretreat rice straw (RS) and Caragana korshinskii Kom. (CKK). Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated RS and CKK, and a pure cellulose (bacterial cellulose, BC) were performed and compared. The characteristics and changes of different substrates during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were observed. After SE pretreatment, the hemicellulose content of RS and CKK was decreased from 21.7% to 4.9% and 17.9% to 6.2%, respectively. The cellulose percent of RS and CKK was increased to 45.1% and 38.4%, and the enzymatic hydrolysis conversion of cellulose was increased 1.1 times and 0.9 times, respectively. Although the composition and enzymatic yield of different substrates varied, their enzymatic hydrolysis rates showed a similar declining trend during enzymatic hydrolysis. The adsorption capacities of substrates on the enzyme were increased by pretreatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was closely related to the enzyme adsorption capacities of substrates at the initial stage (1 h). The BC and SE pretreated RS first adsorbed and subsequently desorbed the enzyme, while the untreated RS and CKK had weak adsorption capacity and formed irreversible adsorption with the enzyme. The changes in crystallinity after enzymatic hydrolysis suggested that there was no direct correlation between the crystallinity and digestibility of cellulose.
Effect of growth rings per inch and density on compression parallel to grain in southern pine lumber
Authors: Irby Nathan E. , Nistal França Frederico J. , Barnes H. Michael , Seale R. Dan , Shmulsky Rubin
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of growth characteristics to compression properties from commercially available southern pine lumber. The in-grade No. 2 southern pine lumber was collected from retail stores across the Southeast United States. For this specific project, 797 samples of 2 × 8 and 2 × 10 boards were examined. The samples were subjected to static bending following ASTM D 198 to determine mechanical properties. The 2 × 8 samples averaged 4.78 growth rings per inch (RPI) and the 2 × 10s averaged 3.95. Average density (ρ) was 477 kg·m-3 in the 2 × 8 and 487 kg·m-3 for the 2 × 10 specimens. From small clear samples from the parent boards, compression parallel to grain averaged from 43.78 MPa for the 2 × 8 to 46.77 MPa for the 2 × 10. Correlations were run to test significance among growth rings per inch and compressions parallel to grain, across both sizes: 2 × 8 and 2 × 10. Slight significance was found in those correlations and increased in measure from 2 × 8 to 2 × 10. The segmentation of RPI into three distinct groups helped strengthen the findings of effect on compression parallel to grain. Moreover, the addition of density as another test variable further strengthened in relationship per those RPI categorizations. Statistically significant findings for density per RPI segments, R2 values: for 2 × 8 equal 0.31 (3 or less RPI) to 0.60 (more than 5 RPI). For the 2 × 10 lumber per the same segments, R2 values: 0.39, 0.46 and 0.25, respectively. The results suggest ρ is a better predictor than RPI alone for compression parallel to grain values.
Dimensional stability performance of fire retardant treated veneer-oriented strandboard composites
Authors: Candan Zeki , Ayrilmis Nadir , Akbulut Turgay
Published: February 2021

This study investigated dimensional stability properties of oriented strandboard (OSB) panels faced with fire retardant treated (FRT) veneers. The beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) veneers were treated with monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), lime water (LW), and a borax/boric acid (BX/BA) (1:1) mixture. Dimensional stability tests were performed according to ASTM D-1037. The results revealed that facing veneers impregnated with fire-retardant chemicals had significant effects on the linear expansion (LE) properties. The lowest LE value was obtained from the panels faced with MAP treated veneers, while the highest LE value was found in the panels faced with BX/BA treated veneers. The FRT treated veneer facing technique also affected the thickness swelling (TS) properties of the OSB panels. The panels faced with LW treated veneers had the highest TS, whereas the panels faced with MAP treated veneers had the lowest TS values.
Congenital Chylothorax and Hydrops Fetalis: A Novel Neonatal Presentation of RASA1 Mutation
Authors: Gallipoli Alessia , MacLean Gillian , Walia Jagdeep S. , Sehgal Anupam
Published: February 2021

Mutations in the RASA1 gene are known to cause arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with evidence of associated lymphatic malformations. We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, an infant with RASA1 mutation presenting with hydrops fetalis and chylothorax, but without an associated AVM. Previously, researchers studying rodents have found chylothorax associated with RASA1 mutations, and, in previous case reports, researchers have reported on infants with RASA1 mutations born with hydrops fetalis and AVMs. In this report, we describe the case of a “late preterm” female infant born with nonimmune hydrops fetalis and congenital chylothorax who was detected to have a RASA1 deletion on genetic workup. Although classically described phenotypes of RASA1 mutations present with venous malformations, no such malformations were found in this infant on extensive imaging. This combination is a novel and nonclassic presentation of RASA1 mutation. In cases of congenital chylothorax, especially with nonimmune hydrops fetalis, RASA1 mutations should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis and genetic testing should be included as part of a complete workup to allow for screening for associated vascular anomalies.
Improving Parent-Child Interactions in Pediatric Health Care: A Two-Site Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Roby Erin , Miller Elizabeth B. , Shaw Daniel S. , Morris Pamela , Gill Anne , Bogen Debra L. , Rosas Johana , Canfield Caitlin F. , Hails Katherine A. , Wippick Helena , Honoroff Julia , Cates Carolyn B. , Weisleder Adriana , Chadwick Kelly A. , Raak Caroline D. , Mendelsohn Alan L.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Heterogeneity in risk among low-income families suggests the need for tiered interventions to prevent disparities in school readiness. Smart Beginnings (SB) integrates two interventions: Video Interaction Project (VIP) (birth to 3 years), delivered universally to low-income families in pediatric primary care, and Family Check-Up (6 months to 3 years), targeted home visiting for families with additional family risks. Our objective was to assess initial SB impacts on parent-child activities and interactions at 6 months, reflecting early VIP exposure.

METHODS:

Two-site randomized controlled trial in New York City (84% Latinx) and Pittsburgh (81% Black), with postpartum enrollment and random assignment to treatment (SB) or control. At 6 months, we assessed parent-child interactions through surveys (StimQ, Parenting Your Baby) and observation (video-recorded play, coded by using Parent-Child Interaction Rating Scales – Infant Adaptation).

RESULTS:

A total of 403 families were enrolled at child’s birth (201 treatment) with 362 (89.8%) assessed at 6 months. Treatment families had increased StimQ, including total score (Cohen’s d = 0.28; P < .001) and domains reflecting reading (d = 0.23; P = .02) and teaching (d = 0.25; P = .01), and Parent-Child Interaction Rating Scales – Infant Adaptation, including a cognitive stimulation factor (d = 0.40; P < .001) and domains reflecting support for cognitive development (d = 0.36; P < .001), and language quantity (0.40; P < .001) and quality (d = 0.37; P < .001). Thus, significant effects emerged across a broad sample by using varied methodologies.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings replicate and extend previous VIP findings across samples and assessment methodologies. Examining subsequent assessments will determine impacts and feasibility of the full SB model, including potential additive impacts of Family Check-Up for families at elevated risk.
LETRAMENTO CRÍTICO E ÉTICA
Authors: Barros Sobreira Ana Carla
Published: February 2021

Este artigo busca evidenciar relações de sentido entre os conceitos teóricos da ética em Mikahil Bakhtin e Emmanuel Lévinas buscando tecer contribuições para os estudos do Letramento Crítico e tem, como objeto de análise, o papel do pesquisador em Linguística Aplicada.
ENTRE FOUCAULT E AGAMBEN
Authors: Coelho de Andrade e Souza Karoline
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar algumas das diferenças teóricas entre Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, primeiramente em plano geral e, posteriormente, a partir de dois pontos chave: o conceito de biopolítica e a ideia de resistência em articulação com a criação da subjetividade para Foucault e a ideia de forma-de-vida em Agamben. Parte-se da ideia de que, embora Agamben denomine-se um continuar da obra de Foucault, apropriando-se, na série Homo sacer, de muitos pontos deixados em aberto pelo autor francês, a originalidade dos desdobramentos efetuados e do uso de outras heranças teóricas fazem com que, aos poucos, Agamben se distancie da obra foucaultiana, rompendo completamente com as teorizações de Foucault, principalmente no último livro da série Homo Sacer, O Uso dos Corpos.