bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A radical theology for the future: five theses
Authors: Robbins Jeffrey W , Crockett Clayton
Published: October 2015

This article sketches out five theses of radical theology to contribute to a vision of the future of theology. Radical theology emerged out of the Death-of-God theology of the 1960s, as well as some forms of liberation theology. These theologies challenge the orthodoxy of most traditional forms of theological and religious reflection. Here the authors, who are part of the conversation of radical theology in the United States and elsewhere, sketch out five theses: that radical theology should be postsecular, postliberal, a version of political or liberation theology, an onto-theology and an eco-theology. Each of these terms, however, needs to be qualified with a difference that distinguishes them from more common understandings of these terms. Finally, we argue that radical theology should be materialist in a non-reductionist way that reconfigures but does not simply dismiss our ideas about God, humanity, religion and the world. This article is published as part of a thematic collection dedicated to radical theologies.
Calculating the free energy of transfer of small solutes into a model lipid membrane: Comparison between metadynamics and umbrella sampling
Authors: Bochicchio Davide , Panizon Emanuele , Ferrando Riccardo , Monticelli Luca , Rossi Giulia
Published: October 2015

We compare the performance of two well-established computational algorithms for the calculation of free-energy landscapes of biomolecular systems, umbrella sampling and metadynamics. We look at benchmark systems composed of polyethylene and polypropylene oligomers interacting with lipid (phosphatidylcholine) membranes, aiming at the calculation of the oligomer water-membrane free energy of transfer. We model our test systems at two different levels of description, united-atom and coarse-grained. We provide optimized parameters for the two methods at both resolutions. We devote special attention to the analysis of statistical errors in the two different methods and propose a general procedure for the error estimation in metadynamics simulations. Metadynamics and umbrella sampling yield the same estimates for the water-membrane free energy profile, but metadynamics can be more efficient, providing lower statistical uncertainties within the same simulation time.
Noether theorem for Birkhoffian systems on time scales
Authors: Song Chuan-Jing , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2015

Birkhoff equations on time scales and Noether theorem for Birkhoffian system on time scales are studied. First, some necessary knowledge of calculus on time scales are reviewed. Second, Birkhoff equations on time scales are obtained. Third, the conditions for invariance of Pfaff action and conserved quantities are presented under the special infinitesimal transformations and general infinitesimal transformations, respectively. Fourth, some special cases are given. And finally, an example is given to illustrate the method and results.
The Wess-Zumino-Witten term of the M5-brane and differential cohomotopy
Authors: Fiorenza D. , Sati H. , Schreiber U.
Published: October 2015

We combine rational homotopy theory and higher Lie theory to describe the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term in the M5-brane sigma model. We observe that this term admits a natural interpretation as a twisted 7-cocycle on super-Minkowski spacetime with coefficients in the rational 4-sphere. This exhibits the WZW term as an element in twisted cohomology, with the twist given by the cocycle of the M2-brane. We consider integration of this rational situation to differential cohomology and differential cohomotopy.
Enhanced plasmonic band-pass filter with symmetric dual side-coupled nanodisk resonators
Authors: Shi Songsong , Wei Zhongchao , Lu Zhiyang , Zhang Xiaomeng , Li Xianping , Liu Hongzhan , Liang Ruisheng
Published: October 2015

A plasmonic band-pass filter with symmetric dual side-coupled nanodisk resonators in metal-insulator-metal system is proposed. Compared with the single side-coupled nanodisk resonator structure, the new structure has better transmission response due to the superposition of the outgoing-wave fields' amplitudes of the two resonators. The accurate transmission expression is provided based on the temporal coupled mode theory, and the dynamic transmission response is studied by finite difference time domain method. It is indicated that the transmission characteristics of the symmetric dual nanodisk resonator structure is sensitive to the refractive index of the nanodisk resonators and geometrical parameters. Moreover, the optimum transmission at the wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm can reach up to 90.8% and 86.2%, with the relative full width at half-maximum of 35 nm and 42 nm, which are better than the results reported in recent literatures. The filter we proposed has important potential applications on plasmonic nanostructures in highly integrated optical circuits and optical information processing.
Terahertz detection of magnetic field-driven topological phase transition in HgTe-based transistors
Authors: Kadykov A. M. , Teppe F. , Consejo C. , Viti L. , Vitiello M. S. , Krishtopenko S. S. , Ruffenach S. , Morozov S. V. , Marcinkiewicz M. , Desrat W. , Dyakonova N. , Knap W. , Gavrilenko V. I. , Mikhailov N. N. , Dvoretsky S. A.
Published: October 2015

We report on terahertz photoconductivity under magnetic field up to 16 T of field effect transistor based on HgTe quantum well (QW) with an inverted band structure. We observe pronounced cyclotron resonance and Shubnikov-de Haas-like oscillations, indicating a high mobility electron gas in the transistor channel. We discover that nonlinearity of the transistor channel allows for observation of characteristic features in photoconductivity at critical magnetic field corresponding to the phase transition between topological quantum spin Hall and trivial quantum Hall states in HgTe QW. Our results pave the way towards terahertz topological field effect transistors.
Enhanced spin-torque in double tunnel junctions using a nonmagnetic-metal spacer
Authors: Chen C. H. , Cheng Y. H. , Ko C. W. , Hsueh W. J.
Published: October 2015

This study proposes an enhancement in the spin-transfer torque of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) designed with double-barrier layer structure using a nonmagnetic metal spacer, as a replacement for the ferromagnetic material, which is traditionally used in these double-barrier stacks. Our calculation results show that the spin-transfer torque and charge current density of the proposed double-barrier MTJ can be as much as two orders of magnitude larger than the traditional double-barrier one. In other words, the proposed double-barrier MTJ has a spin-transfer torque that is three orders larger than that of the single-barrier stack. This improvement may be attributed to the quantum-well states that are formed in the nonmagnetic metal spacer and the resonant tunneling mechanism that exists throughout the system.
SiNx layers on nanostructured Si solar cells: Effective for optical absorption and carrier collection
Authors: Cho Yunae , Kim Eunah , Gwon Minji , Park Hyeong-Ho , Kim Joondong , Kim Dong-Wook
Published: October 2015

We compared nanopatterned Si solar cells with and without SiNx layers. The SiNx layer coating significantly improved the internal quantum efficiency of the nanopatterned cells at long wavelengths as well as short wavelengths, whereas the surface passivation helped carrier collection of flat cells mainly at short wavelengths. The surface nanostructured array enhanced the optical absorption and also concentrated incoming light near the surface in broad wavelength range. Resulting high density of the photo-excited carriers near the surface could lead to significant recombination loss and the SiNx layer played a crucial role in the improved carrier collection of the nanostructured solar cells.
Bioaccumulation trends of arsenic and antimony in a freshwater ecosystem affected by mine drainage
Authors: Dovick Meghan A. , Kulp Thomas R. , Arkle Robert S. , Pilliod David S.
Published: October 2015

Environmental context
The food web behaviours of As and Sb are poorly understood. We compare As and Sb bioaccumulation in a contaminated freshwater ecosystem. Metalloid accumulation decreased with increasing trophic level. Bioprecipitated minerals in microbial mats represent a direct route of uptake (by ingestion) of metalloids to tadpoles, which contained the highest concentrations ever reported. We demonstrate food web bioaccumulation, but not biomagification, of As and Sb. We also report an unexpectedly high tolerance of tadpoles to metalloid toxicity.

Abstract
We compared As and Sb bioaccumulation and biomagnification when these metalloids co-occurred at varying environmental concentrations in a stream and wetlands near a contaminated mine site in Idaho (USA). We measured As and Sb concentrations in water and substrate samples, and in tissues of organisms representing several trophic levels. Bioaccumulation of both As and Sb was observed in stream organisms with the following trend of bio-diminution with increasing trophic level: primary producers>tadpoles>macroinvertebrates>trout. We also note reductions in metalloid concentrations in one of two stream remediation reaches engineered within the past 17 years to ameliorate metalloid contamination in the stream. Several wetlands contained thick microbial mats and were highly populated with boreal toad tadpoles that fed on them. The mats were extremely contaminated (up to 76564mgkg–1 As and 675mgkg–1 Sb) with amorphous As- and Sb-bearing minerals that we interpret as biogenic precipitates from geomicrobiological As- and Sb-cycling. Ingested mat material provided a direct source of metalloids to tadpoles, and concentrations of 3867mgkg–1 (As) and 375mgkg–1 (Sb) reported here represent the highest whole body As and Sb levels ever reported in living tadpoles. The bulk of tadpole metalloid burden remained in the gut despite attempts to purge the tadpoles prior to analysis. This study adds to a number of recent investigations reporting bioaccumulation, but not biomagnification, of As and Sb in food webs. Moreover, our results suggest that tadpoles, in particular, may be more resistant to metalloid contamination than previously assumed.
Bcl6 middle domain repressor function is required for T follicular helper cell differentiation and utilizes the corepressor MTA3
Authors: Nance J. Philip , Bélanger Simon , Johnston Robert J. , Hu Joyce K. , Takemori Toshitada , Crotty Shane
Published: October 2015

Significance

Most vaccines protect from infections by eliciting a long-lived antibody response. B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is a transcriptional repressor that is essential for the generation of long-lived antibody responses by promoting the differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) and germinal center B cells. Currently, the mechanisms by which Bcl6 directs Tfh cell differentiation is unclear. We show that mutations in the middle domain of Bcl6 prevent full differentiation of Tfh cells by loss of repression of key target genes. This study reveals a role for the middle domain of Bcl6 in the differentiation and function of Tfh cells.
Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO
2
emissions
Authors: Nagelkerken Ivan , Connell Sean D.
Published: October 2015

Significance

People are not only concerned about climate change and its effects on plant and animal diversity but also about how humans are fundamentally changing the globe’s largest ecosystem that sustains economic revenue and food for many countries. We show that many species communities and ocean habitats will change from their current states. Ocean acidification and warming increase the potential for an overall simplification of ecosystem structure and function with reduced energy flow among trophic levels and little scope for species to acclimate. The future simplification of our oceans has profound consequences for our current way of life, particularly for coastal populations and those that rely on oceans for food and trade.
Preserved genetic diversity in organoids cultured from biopsies of human colorectal cancer metastases
Authors: Weeber Fleur , van de Wetering Marc , Hoogstraat Marlous , Dijkstra Krijn K. , Krijgsman Oscar , Kuilman Thomas , Gadellaa-van Hooijdonk Christa G. M. , van der Velden Daphne L. , Peeper Daniel S. , Cuppen Edwin P. J. G. , Vries Robert G. , Clevers Hans , Voest Emile E.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Chemotherapy has been proven in clinical studies to improve overall survival significantly. Unfortunately, there is a significant degree of heterogeneity in tumor chemosensitivity, often resulting in unnecessary treatment and needless exposure to toxic side-effects. A platform is needed that can identify preemptively which patients will or will not benefit from treatment. Tumor organoids, 3D cultures of cancer cells, present such an individualized platform. In this study we demonstrate that organoid cultures can be established from metastatic biopsy specimens with a high success rate and genetically represent the metastasis they were derived from. These data support the translation of this innovative technology to the clinic as an ex vivo screening platform for tailoring treatment.
The Authenticity of Play
Authors: Jones Jeffrey P.
Published: October 2015

Employing the heuristic of space, target, media, rhetoric, and time, this chapter
reexamines US scholarship on contemporary television satire. What we see
repeatedly are struggles over what constitutes legitimate and illegitimate forms
of public speech, language, and actions within televisual and non-televisual
spaces. Satire has emerged, employing various forms of fakery and a rhetoric of
play, to challenge the representative roles that politicians and news media have
claimed for themselves, including the language of authority that undergirds
their positions of power. Play and fakery invite popular participation and direct
forms of representation, including across media forms. Finally, satire, parody
and irony are seen as more authentic forms of public language and critique
in an age dominated by the professionally packaged and managed discourses
employed by politicians and commercial forces.
Reshaping the Border Zone. An Approach to Satirical Space
Authors: de Leeuw Sonja
Published: October 2015

This chapter revisits the question of space in relation to the understanding
of the power of satire; it focuses on so-called “mediascapes” containing the
production and consumption of satirical representations. It is not so easy to
identify the public discursive position of these satirical media spaces. As a
matter of course these stand somewhere in the margin, while interfering with
the mainstream. They seem to involve a certain ‘minority’ stand; they function
somewhere in a ‘border zone’, not really inside, not really outside the dominant
political discourse. I will suggest the notion of zone as an alternative concept, so
as to enable the understanding of the complex dynamics that play around the
construction of public discourses in and through satirical “mediascapes”.
Mediating satire
Authors: Barra Luca
Published: October 2015

In recent years, American satirical routines have spread into different markets,
thanks to the international distribution of US television sitcoms. However,
global circulation is only one side of a more complex process: entering another
nation, each product changes to be easily understood by a different audience.
Several production and distribution routines, as dubbing and scheduling, influence
the satirical program and its receptions, and lead to a number of modifications
that often limits the ambiguity of comedy. Puns, parodies and other forms
of irony need to be reconstructed, or at least explained. The chapter focuses on
the adaptations and transformations of satirical jokes and references to politics,
sex and religion in the Italian dubbed version of some US TV sitcoms.
Who is the ape, who the human? Reize door het Aapenland (1788) and Die Affenkönige oder die Reformation des Affenlandes (1789) considered
Authors: Altena Peter
Published: October 2015

Satire can be confronting. It questions all kinds of issues of politics, society and
morality, often from a marginal position. By confronting one issue, the satirist
turns his back on others, leaving the reader or spectator behind. This paper
investigates some of the spatial strategies in visual satire from the early and later
modern period, for instance in the work of Giandomenico Tiepolo and James
Gillray, taking a special interest in the rhetoric of the back and the satirical gaze.
It argues that the representation of the backs of onlookers to a scene helps to
direct the satirical gaze.
"A bull is a ludicrous jest": fable and the satiric bite in Arbuthnot's John Bull pamphlets
Authors: Poppleton Jo
Published: October 2015

Historians interpret Arbuthnot’s John Bull pamphlets as a satire on the 1712 crisis
of the Spanish Succession, and contend that the pamphlets function as satire
because they borrow from the genre of fable. This generic borrowing, historians
argue, works to attack specific targets – here, the Dutch and the English Whig
party. Literary critics, however, in contrast to historians, doubt whether satire’s
dependence on other genres functions so straightforwardly. This chapter reads
the John Bull pamphlets in the light of recent theory about satire’s rhetorical
instability, and demonstrates that Arbuthnot’s imitation of fable works not as a
reliable indicator of his political allegiances, but rather as a means to trick and
thereby admonish his readership.
Absolutely Fabulous
Authors: Brillenburg Wurth Kiene
Published: October 2015

In this chapter I trace the concept of the satirical grotesque in Absolutely
Fabulous. I show how the female body as a materialization of the grotesque in
Absolutely Fabulous relates to the power of satire as an instrument of defacement
and attack. Absolutely Fabulous is a comically revised sitcom, in its almost
women-only cast and its subversion of gender roles. As ridicule of glamour,
fashion, and design, one of the main issues in the series is consumption and
dieting, incontinence and discipline. I analyze how the satirical grotesque manifests
itself in the two protagonists of the show, Edina and Patsy, in between these
somatic extremes of incontinence and discipline. More specifically, I show how
the satirical grotesque works in Absolutely Fabulous as a disruption of carefully
designed images of smooth and firm bodiliness in our culture: a disruption of
the real.
Who are the Frogs? The Transmigration of a Symbol of Nationality
Authors: Bindman David
Published: October 2015

This chapter is concerned to show that satirical national symbols, though
seemingly immutable, like the English characterization of the French as frogs,
in fact have a specific history. It involves the transmutation of the symbol from
the Dutch, to whom it was first applied, to the French under specific conditions
to do with the French Revolution. In fact the French were in English eyes until
the end of the 18th century frog-eaters, clearly distinguished from being frogs
until the aftermath of the Revolution. The transition from frog-eaters to frogs is
explained by reference to Aesop’s Fables.
Selected physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated limited overs century in non‐elite batsmen
Authors: Pote Lee , Christie Candice J.
Published: October 2015

Few studies have examined the impact of an increased physical demand on batting performance, especially over extended periods of play. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the physiological and perceptual responses of batsmen scoring a simulated limited overs century, and to link these to sprint times and accuracy of the impact of the ball on the bat. Seventeen male, university level cricketers, performed a batting protocol (BATEX©), typical of a limited overs century. The protocol consisted of six stages, each of five overs, with each stage matched to a specific phase of play. Throughout the protocol heart rate (HR), central ratings of perceived effort (RPE), sprint times and impact accuracy were recorded. HR fluctuated as a function of exercise intensity (124.16–159.61 bpm). Central RPE increased as a function of intensity and duration (11.87–16.04). Sprint times got slower over time (5.67–5.81 s), while impact accuracy improved significantly (p < .05) after stage one and then plateaued for the remainder of the protocol (64.81–57.39 mm). In conclusion, the protocol significantly impacted cardiac strain and perceptual responses negatively impacting sprint times with an improvement in batting accuracy.
On synchronizing time and eternity
Authors: Stein Murray
Published: October 2015

In this paper I attempt to show how Jung conceived of the interface of time and eternity in the self. To do this, I use his commentary of Wolfgang Pauli's ‘world clock’ vision, and to that I add my commentary on Pauli's active imagination, dedicated to M.-L. von Franz, titled ‘The Piano Lesson’. This article is a meditation on the nature of time, of eternity, and of their psychological interaction in the process of individuation. This has relevance to clinical work as well.
The Matter of Belief in John Donne’s Holy Sonnets*
Authors: Coles Kimberly Anne
Published: October 2015

Though historians of religion have demonstrated that the theological commitments of early modern English people were labile and complex, there was nonetheless a prevailing sense in the period that belief posited bodily consequences. This article considers this bodily presence in John Donne’s poetry by exploring the humoral construction of religious identity in his Holy Sonnets. Donne’s conversion provided him with an unusual perspective: not many people were positioned to hold as nuanced a view of religious ideology. It is surprising, then, that when Donne considers his conversion — which he does in little and large in the Holy Sonnets — he casts it in somatic terms. Donne’s humoral constitution of faith in the Holy Sonnets anatomizes the vexed transactions of body and soul particular to late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century thought. He depicts his body in the same terms that he uses to represent his religious temperament — as changeable and lacking integrity.
How Do Plant Diseases Caused byXylella fastidiosaEmerge?
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo P. P. , Nunney Leonard
Published: October 2015

Emerging plant diseases frequently have significant economic, environmental, cultural, and social impacts. The prediction of new disease emergence, associated with new pathogens or not, remains a difficult and controversial topic. The main factors driving epidemics are often only identified several years after outbreaks, generally revealing that a limited number of factors are associated with the emergence of specific groups of pathogens. This pattern is illustrated in the insect-borne xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, an organism associated with several new plant diseases in different regions of the globe. Research during the last decade focusing on several severe disease outbreaks has led to substantial changes in our understanding of X. fastidiosa biology, ecology, and evolution. This new information has not only led to new insights into aspects of the biology of this bacterium and its interactions with plant and insect hosts, but also made available a phylogenetic framework that has allowed for better inferences concerning factors leading to the emergence of diseases. Here we identify and discuss these main pathways leading to epidemics caused by X. fastidiosa. Our ultimate goal was to raise critical questions and issues for academics and regulatory agencies alike, since the information generated during the last decade has both raised new questions but also clarified old ones.
Involvement of Cyclophilin D and Calcium in Isoflurane-induced Preconditioning
Authors: Teixeira Geoffrey , Chiari Pascal , Fauconnier Jeremy , Abrial Maryline , Couture-Lepetit Elisabeth , Harisseh Rania , Pillot Bruno , Lacampagne Alain , Tourneur Yves , Gharib Abdallah , Ovize Michel
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbstract

This study demonstrates that protections afforded by isoflurane and cyclophilin D inhibition are not additive. The partial inhibitory effect of isoflurane on respiratory complex I is insufficient to afford a synergy to cyclophilin D–induced protection.

Background

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) has been established as an important mediator of ischemia–reperfusion–induced cell death. The matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD) is the best known regulator of PTP opening. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane, by inhibiting the respiratory chain complex I, another regulator of PTP, might reinforce the myocardial protection afforded by CypD inhibition.

Methods

Adult mouse or isolated cardiomyocytes from wild-type or CypD knockout (CypD-KO) mice were subjected to ischemia or hypoxia followed by reperfusion or reoxygenation. Infarct size was assessed in vivo. Mitochondrial membrane potential and PTP opening were assessed using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate and calcein–cobalt fluorescence, respectively. Fluo-4 AM and rhod-2 AM staining allowed the measurement, by confocal microscopy, of Ca2+ transient and Ca2+ transfer from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to mitochondria after caffeine stimulation.

Results

Both inhibition of CypD and isoflurane significantly reduced infarct size (−50 and −37%, respectively) and delayed PTP opening (+63% each). Their combination had no additive effect (n = 6/group). CypD-KO mice displayed endogenous protection against ischemia–reperfusion. Isoflurane depolarized the mitochondrial membrane (−28%, n = 5), decreased oxidative phosphorylation (−59%, n = 5), and blunted the caffeine-induced Ca2+ transfer from SR to mitochondria (−22%, n = 7) in the cardiomyocytes of wild-type mice. Importantly, this transfer was spontaneously decreased in the cardiomyocytes of CypD-KO mice (−25%, n = 4 to 5).

Conclusions

The results suggest that the partial inhibitory effect of isoflurane on respiratory complex I is insufficient to afford a synergy to CypD-induced protection. Isoflurane attenuates the Ca2+ transfer from SR to mitochondria, which is also the prominent role of CypD, and finally prevents PTP opening.
Uncertainty as knowledge
Authors: Lewandowsky Stephan , Ballard Timothy , Pancost Richard D.
Published: October 2015

This issue ofPhilosophical Transactionsexamines the relationship between scientific uncertainty about climate change and knowledge. Uncertainty is an inherent feature of the climate system. Considerable effort has therefore been devoted to understanding how to effectively respond to a changing, yet uncertain climate. Politicians and the public often appeal to uncertainty as an argument to delay mitigative action. We argue that the appropriate response to uncertainty is exactly the opposite: uncertainty provides an impetus to be concerned about climate change, because greater uncertainty increases the risks associated with climate change. We therefore suggest that uncertainty can be a source of actionable knowledge. We survey the papers in this issue, which address the relationship between uncertainty and knowledge from physical, economic and social perspectives. We also summarize the pervasive psychological effects of uncertainty, some of which may militate against a meaningful response to climate change, and we provide pointers to how those difficulties may be ameliorated.
Controlled growth of large β-BaB2O4crystals based on theoretical guidelines
Authors: Li Zhihua , Zhang Ran , Wu Yaohuan , Tang Bo , Zhang Guochun
Published: October 2015

The diagram of phase equilibria in the BaB2O4–NaF system has been used to deduce the relationship between the cooling speed (ΔT), the pulling speed (v), the crystal radius (Rs), the slope of liquidus (m), the solution component (x) and the total quantity of melt, namely ΔT= 0.00159Rs2vmx2/G. The theoretical curves of the crystal thickness dependence on cooling rate and pulling rate have also been drawn. Under the guidance of the deduced formulas, the controlled growth of β-BaB2O4(BBO) crystals to a desired size has been achieved. A typical as-grown BBO crystal with dimensions of Ø76 × 33 mm (525.25 g) has been grown successfully by using the high-temperature top-seeded solution growth method. The measured optical homogeneity indicates that the as-grown BBO crystal has high optical quality (Δn≃ 6.9 × 10−6). The experimental curves of the crystal thicknessversusthe cooling rate and pulling rate were in line with the theoretical curves. The phenomenon of diameter shrinkage in the crystal growth has also been explained according to theory and practice. The theoretical derivation and experimental results provide the rationale for further growth of large BBO crystals with high optical quality.
DShaper: an approach for handling missing low-Qdata in pair distribution function analysis of nanostructured systems
Authors: Olds Daniel , Wang Hsiu-Wen , Page Katharine
Published: October 2015

This article discusses the potential problems and currently available solutions in modeling powder-diffraction-based pair distribution function (PDF) data from systems where morphological feature information content includes distances in the nanometre length scale, such as finite nanoparticles, nanoporous networks and nanoscale precipitates in bulk materials. The implications of an experimental finite minimumQvalue are reviewed by simulation, which also demonstrates the advantages of combining PDF data with small-angle scattering data. A simple Fortran90 code,DShaper, is introduced, which may be incorporated into PDF data fitting routines in order to approximate the so-called `shape function' for any atomistic model.
A neutron diffuse scattering study of PbZrO3and Zr-rich PbZr1–xTixO3
Authors: Zhang Nan , Paściak Marek , Glazer A. M. , Hlinka Jirka , Gutmann Matthias , Sparkes Hazel A. , Welberry T. R. , Majchrowski Andrzej , Roleder K. , Xie Yujuan , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: October 2015

A combined neutron diffuse scattering study and model analysis of the antiferroelectric crystal PbZrO3is described. Following on from earlier X-ray diffuse scattering studies, supporting evidence for disordering of oxygen octahedral tilts and Pb displacements is shown in the high-temperature cubic phase. Excess diffuse scattering intensity is found at theMandRpoints in the Brillouin zone. A shell-model molecular dynamics simulation closely reproduces the neutron diffuse scattering pattern. Both in-phase and antiphase tilts are found in the structural model, with in-phase tilts predominating. The transition between disordered and ordered structure is discussed and compared with that seen in Zr-rich PbZr1−xTixO3.
Two new isatin derivatives: 1-benzyl-4,5,6-trimethoxyindoline-2,3-dione and 1-benzyl-5-fluoroindoline-2,3-dione
Authors: Sharmila N. , Sundar T. V. , Satish G. , Ilangovan A. , Venkatesan P.
Published: October 2015

Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) derivatives represent synthetically useful substrates which can be used to prepare a broad range of heterocyclic compounds. In the title compounds, C18H17NO5, (I), and C15H10FNO2, (II), the isatin ring systems are planar and form a dihedral angle of 73.04 (7)° in (I) and 76.82 (11)° in (II) with the benzyl groups. The bicyclic scaffolds in both compounds are almost superimposable, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.061 Å. The crystal structures of both derivatives are stabilized by C—H...O interactions. These contacts generate anR12(7) ring motif in (I) and aC(7) chain motif in (II).
Crystal structure of 5-hydroxy-5-propylbarbituric acid
Authors: Gelbrich Thomas , Griesser Ulrich J.
Published: October 2015

Molecules of the title compound, C7H10N2O4, systematic name 5-hydroxy-5-propylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, form a hydrogen-bonded framework which is based on three independent hydrogen bonds, N—H...O(carbonyl), N—H...O(hydroxy) and O—H...O(carbonyl). This framework has the topology of the 5-connectednovnet. Each molecule is linked to five other moleculesviasix hydrogen bonds, and the descriptor of the hydrogen-bonded structure isF65[44.66-nov]. The crystal packing is isostructural with that of the previously reported 5-hydroxy-5-ethyl analogue.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-6-oxo-1-{[(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
Authors: Elgemeie Galal H. , Salah Ali M. , Mohamed Reham A. , Jones Peter G.
Published: October 2015

The title compound, C11H9N5OS2, a 1-thiophen-2-ylmethyleneaminopyrimidine derivative, displays an essentially planar C—NH2group. The conformation across the N=C bond linking the pyrimidine and thienyl groups isE. The pyrimidine and thienyl ring systems subtend an inter-planar angle of 42.72 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N–H...Nnitrileand N–H...O=C hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to thebaxis.
Crystal structure of (2E)-1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one monohydrate
Authors: Satheeshchandra S. , Shetty Nandakumar
Published: October 2015

The title compound, C17H11BrO2·H2O, crystallizes as a monohydrate in the chiral orthorhombic space groupP212121, and has non-linear optical (NLO) properties. The molecule has anEconformation about the C=C bond and is relatively planar with the benzofuran and bromophenyl rings being inclined to one another by 10.60 (14)°. In the crystal, the water molecule is linked to the organic molecule by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming anR22(7) ring motif while C—H...O hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of helices along theb-axis direction.
Crystal structures of two unusual, high oxidation state, 16-electron iridabenzenes
Authors: Chase Daniel T. , Zakharov Lev N. , Haley Michael M.
Published: October 2015

Treatment of carbonyl(1,2-diphenylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-5-ylidene)bis(triphenylphosphane)iridium, [IrCO(—C(Ph)=C(Ph)—CH=CH—CH=)(PPh3)2], with either bromine or iodine produced dibromido(1,2-diphenylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-5-ylidene)(triphenylphosphine)iridium(III), [IrBr2{—C(Ph)=C(Ph)—CH=CH—CH=}(PPh3)], (I), and (1,2-diphenylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-5-ylidene)diiodido(triphenylphosphane)iridium(III), [IrI2{—C(Ph)=C(Ph)—CH=CH—CH=}(PPh3)], (II), respectively, which are two rare examples of 16-electron metallabenzenes. Structural elucidation of (I) and (II) reveals that these isotypic iridabenzenes are unusual, not only in their electron count, but also in their coordination sphere of the IrIIIatom where they contain an apparent open coordination site. The crystal structures of (I) and (II) confirm that the molecules are complexes containing five-coordinated IrIIIwith only one triphenylphosphine group bound to the iridium atom, unambiguously proving that the molecules are indeed 16-electron, high-oxidation-state iridabenzenes. The coordination geometry of the IrIIIatom in both structures can be best described as a distorted square pyramid with the P, two Br (or I) and one C atom in the basal plane and another C atom in the apical position.
Creativity, clusters and the competitive advantage of cities
Authors: Martin Roger , Florida Richard , Pogue Melissa , Mellander Charlotta
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to marry Michael Porter’s industrial cluster theory of traded and local clusters to Richard Florida’s occupational approach of creative and routine workers to gain a better understanding of the process of economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

– Combining these two approaches, four major industrial-occupational categories are identified. The shares of US employment in each – creative-in-traded, creative-in-local, routine-in-traded and routine-in-local – are calculated, and a correlation analysis is used to examine the relationship of each to regional economic development indicators.

Findings

– Economic growth and development is positively related to employment in the creative-in-traded category. While metros with a higher share of creative-in-traded employment enjoy higher wages and incomes overall, these benefits are not experienced by all worker categories. The share of creative-in-traded employment is also positively and significantly associated with higher inequality. After accounting for higher median housing costs, routine workers in both traded and local industries are found to be relatively worse off in metros with high shares of creative-in-traded employment, on average.

Social implications

– This work points to the imperative for the US Government and industry to upgrade routine jobs, which make up the majority of all employment, by increasing the creative content of this work.

Originality/value

– The research is among the first to systematically marry the industry and occupational approaches to clusters and economic development.
Incorporating cultural competency skills in emergency management education
Authors: Knox Claire Connolly , Haupt Brittany
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to incorporate a model of prejudice reduction and cultural identity development theory to assess: the implementation of a diversity case study in a disaster management course; and the cultural competency understanding among the students.

Design/methodology/approach

– A diversity case study was implemented in an undergraduate Disaster Response and Recovery course (Fall 2013n=17; Spring 2014n=21; Fall 2014n=35). The discussion encouraged students to contemplate how their biases, preconceived notions, and stereotypes affect their future role in emergency management.

Findings

– Results from Likert scale pre/post tests showed a marked increase in knowledge and a positive change in attitudes (p< 0.05). Open-responses denoted linkages to the prejudice reduction model and cultural identity development theory.

Research limitations/implications

– Bias can be attributed to the instructor and facilitator, and contextual limitations including a lack of: previous conversations and courses on diversity-related topics and participation motivation.

Practical implications

– By developing cultural competency, managers initiate intergroup contact reducing negative perceptions and increasing empathy for those deemed different. Integrating cultural competency into emergency management academic programs allows students to identify how their biases, stereotypes, and preconceived notions affect their performance.

Originality/value

– This study contributes to the literature by focussing on implementing a diversity case study to explore cultural competency, which is lacking in emergency management higher education. The diversity case study and instructional design could be adopted in disaster management courses.
Fostering innovation in public organizations in Thailand
Authors: Suwannathat Patthera , Decharin Pasu , Somboonsavatdee Anupap
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to bring together the mutual perspectives of the “employee” and “client” dimensions of the factors that contribute to innovation in public organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

– The potential factors in nurturing innovation in public organizations are identified through the literature review. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to develop the models. Data collection and quantitative analysis were used to explore and understand each determinant. The models were evaluated at the managerial level by both “employee” and “client”.

Findings

– Findings reveal that management commitment is the essential factor that drives strategic orientation to boost innovation. This can be explained using three finalized models.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper explores only the domestic factors of the classifications. The results may not be generalizable to other countries in the region.

Practical implications

– Thoroughly understanding the factors influencing successful innovation in public organizations contributes to greater satisfaction of the needs and requirements of citizens.

Originality/value

– This paper offers novel models of the organizational culture of public organizations seeking innovative policy solutions.
The role of economic policy uncertainty in the US entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus
Authors: Payne James E
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus to include the role of economic policy uncertainty in the causal dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study utilizes the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests of a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to infer the causal dynamics between the self-employment rate (SER), the unemployment rate (UR), industrial production (IP), and the economic policy uncertainty index (EPUI) in the case of the USA. In addition to the examination of the causal dynamics, generalize impulse response analysis is undertaken to examine the role of unexpected shocks to the current and future behavior of the variables specified in the VAR model.

Findings

– The results reveal unidirectional causality from the SER, IP, and the EPUI to the UR. An increase in the SER and IP lowers the UR while an increase in the EPUI raises the UR. The findings also show unidirectional causality from the EPUI to IP in which an increase in the EPUI reduces IP.

Research limitations/implications

– Due to data availability for higher frequency monthly data, the self-employment data limits the analysis to 2000:1 to 2014:11.

Practical implications

– The results reiterate the importance of minimizing economic policy uncertainty as a means to facilitate effective planning by entrepreneurs and economic agents. Moreover, policies designed to encourage entrepreneurship (self-employment) aids in the reduction of unemployment.

Social implications

– Policies designed to encourage entrepreneurship also facilitate the reduction in the UR. Also, greater policy transparency and stability has a positive impact on entrepreneurial activities.

Originality/value

– This is the first study to incorporate the role of economic policy uncertainty in the examination of the causal dynamics between entrepreneurship and unemployment.
The impact of relational bonding on intention and loyalty
Authors: Chai Joe Choon Yean , Malhotra Naresh K , Dash Satyabhusan
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of relational bonding on intention and loyalty and the mediating role of commitment foci in the service context.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study used a cross-sectional and quantitative mail survey approach. Bank customers in New Zealand were surveyed, and multiple analytical techniques were used to measure the relationships between consumer bonding, commitment foci and loyalty behavioral intentions and the mediating role of commitment foci in service relationships.

Findings

– The results confirm that commitment foci or targets of commitment are important mediators in the relationships between bonding and loyalty-related behavioral intentions. The findings provide new theoretical knowledge about the mediating effect of the commitment foci in service relationships and significantly enhance knowledge about consumers’ intention and loyalty.

Practical implications

– The research provides several noteworthy insights into the role of social and structural bonding in consumers’ commitment and loyalty in the service context, as well as provides an important implication for segmentation.

Originality/value

– The study contributes to the service research on consumers’ intention and loyalty behavior toward the commitment foci. Introducing the role of commitment foci as a mediating mechanism within the context of a service encounter is new in the services marketing literature. This study provides a better understanding of consumers’ perceptions of and behaviors toward the commitment foci, as well as their intention and loyalty.
Online information retrieval behaviour and economics of attention
Authors: Özmen Mustafa Utku
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyse users’ attitudes towards online information retrieval and processing. The aim is to identify the characteristics of information that better capture the attention of the users and to provide evidence for the information retrieval behaviour of the users by studying online photo archives as information units.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper analyses a unique quasi-experimental data of photo archive access counts collected by the author from an online newspaper. In addition to access counts of each photo in 500 randomly chosen photo galleries, characteristics of the photo galleries are also recorded. Survival (duration) analysis is used in order to analyse the factors affecting the share of the photo gallery viewed by a certain proportion of the initial number of viewers.

Findings

– The results of the survival analysis indicate that users are impatient in case of longer photo galleries; they lose attention faster and stop viewing earlier when gallery length is uncertain; they are attracted by keywords and initial presentation and they give more credit to specific rather than general information categories.

Practical implications

– Results of the study offer applicable implications for information providers, especially on the online domain. In order to attract more attention, entities can engage in targeted information provision by taking into account people’s attitude towards information retrieval and processing as presented in this paper.

Originality/value

– This paper uses a unique data set in a quasi-experimental setting in order to identify the characteristics of online information that users are attracted to.
Adoption of mobile social networking sites for learning?
Authors: Wong Choy-Har , Tan Garry Wei-Han , Loke Siew-Phaik , Ooi Keng-Boon
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence users’ behavioral intention (BI) to adopt mobile social networking sites (mSNS) in facilitating formal/informal learning. Specifically, the study also investigates the association of mobility, reachability and convenience with performance expectancy (PE) and effort expectancy (EE).

Design/methodology/approach

– Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was applied to test on 266 valid responses.

Findings

– The findings indicated that learning compatibility (LC), PE, EE and copyright clearance (CC) has a significant effect on BI. The results also revealed that EE is influenced by mobility, reachability and convenience. PE however was found to be influenced by convenience.

Practical implications

– The results of this study provides valuable insights and references for practitioners and mobile network providers in developing mSNS in facilitating learning.

Originality/value

– While mSNS have the potential to become a new research area with numerous benefits for the learning community, there is little research on the adoption factors on mSNS in facilitating learning. This study therefore attempts to close the research gap by contributing to the mobile literatures.