bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Discussion on the Change of Organizations During the Covid-19 Period According to the Natural Selection Approach
Authors: İLHAN AHMET
Published: October 2020

Covid-19 süreci, pandemi ilan edilmesiyle birlikte sosyal ve ekonomik alanda birçok değişimin yaşanmasına ve bu değişimlerin hayatımızın yeni gerçeklikleri olmasına yol açmıştır. Bununla birlikte pandemi süreci örgütler ve işgörenler
açısından iş yapma pratiklerini strateji, zaman, mekân ve sektör değişkenleri açısından büyük bir hızla değiştirmeye başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda özellikle örgütsel araştırmaları geliştirmek ve kapsamını artırmak, örgütsel değişim
ve hayatta kalmayı açıklamak için biyoloji temelli evrimsel bir yaklaşım olan doğal ayıklanmacılık (seçilim) ilkeleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Covid-19 sürecinin kriz ve değişim aşamalarıyla birlikte örgütler üzerinde meydana
getirdiği değişimlerin neler olduğunu ve bu değişimlere karşı örgütlerin doğal ayıklanma çerçevesinde nasıl reaksiyon gösterdiğini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca Covid-19 sürecinde örgüt ve değişim ilişkisi kapsamında örgütlerin
çevresel baskılara karşı hangi örgütsel değişim türlerine maruz kaldığı doğal ayıklanma yaklaşımı ilkeleri bağlamında belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda örgütlerin maruz kaldıkları değişim türünü ve bunun sonucunda doğal ayıklanma
süreçleri sonucundaki ileriye dönük konumlarını öngörmek mümkündür. Araştırmadan elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda, Covid-19 sürecinde kriz ve değişim aşamalarının ortaya çıkardığı yeni gerçeklikler ve sürecin baskıladığı koşullar
sonucunda örgüt formunun değişmeye başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre covid-19 sürecinde örgütlerin; plansız, makro, ani, zamana yayılmış, proaktif ve reaktif, aktif ve pasif ile devrim niteliğinde değişim gösterdiklerini söyleyebiliriz.
Bu değişimlerin sonucunda bazı örgütler, doğal ayıklanmacılık yaklaşımına göre çeşitlenir, tutunur, yayılır ve var olma mücadelesini kazanır. Buna karşılık bazı örgütler ise değişime uyum sağlayamaz, zararlı veya faydasız çeşitlenir
ya da kaynak teminini sağlayamamasından dolayı ayıklanıp yaşam mücadelesini kaybeder ve yok olur.
Vocational College’s Students’ Perceptions of Distance Education
Authors: Nuri GÖMLEKSİZ Mehmet , PULLU Emine Kübra
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kayseri Üniversitesi Develi Hüseyin Şahin Meslek Yüksekokulu Bilgisayar
Teknolojileri bölümünden beş öğrenci; Büro Yönetimi ve Yönetici Asistanlığı bölümünden sekiz öğrenci; Çocuk Gelişimi bölümünden on sekiz öğrenci ve Lojistik bölümünden beş öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden
olgu bilimi (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesine göre belirlenmiştir. Gönüllülük esas alınarak 28 kadın ve 8 erkek olmak üzere toplam 36 öğrenci çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir.
Veri toplama sürecinde öncelikle Fırat Üniversitesi’nden Etik Kurul onayı (97132852/100/sayılı) alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan ve 10 sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu
kullanılmıştır. Veriler betimsel analiz yöntemine göre analiz edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin görüşleri analiz edildiğinde uzaktan eğitim sistemine ve derslere etkisine ilişkin olarak olumlu ve olumsuz bağlamda sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Çalışmanın sonucunda; ‘öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim kararına yönelik hisleri’, ‘üniversitenin sunduğu uzaktan eğitim sistemi ile ilgili düşünceler’, ‘üniversitenin yapmış olduğu bilgilendirme ve destek çalışmaları’, ‘canlı ders
uygulamalarının öğrenme süreci üzerindeki olumlu etkileri’, ‘canlı ders uygulamalarının öğrenme süreci üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri’, ‘uzaktan eğitim sisteminde yer alan aktiviteler’, ‘derslerin uzaktan eğitme uygunluğu’, ‘sistemden
kaynaklanan olumsuzluklar’, ‘teknolojik alt yapı ile ilgili sorunlar’ ve ‘yüz yüze eğitim ile uzaktan eğitim sisteminin eş zamanlı olarak kullanılabilirliği’ şeklinde 10 ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrenciler uzaktan eğitim sistemine
ilişkin hem olumlu hem de olumsuz görüşler bildirmişlerdir.
Analysis of Visual Texts Shared on Social Media by Minister of Health and Ministry of Health Due to Global Pandemic
Authors: İŞERİ Kamil , TEKİN Sibel ÇAPAN
Published: October 2020

Geçmişten günümüze, yaşamın her döneminde iletişim kurma ihtiyacı farklı yöntemlerle giderilmiş, günümüz teknolojisinin sunduğu olanaklarla da farklı kanallarla iletişimin sınırları genişlemiştir. Bu gelişmeler, özellikle sosyal medya
kullanımının geniş kitlelere ulaşmadaki rolü açısından değerlendirildiğinde çeşitli iletişim araçlarının kullanılmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu iletişim araçlarından biri olan görsel iletişim araçları kendine özgü bir anlatım biçimiyle
yönlendirici ve ikna edici bir işlev yüklenmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Görsel iletişimde iletilerin anlamlandırılması ise gösterge dizgesinin bir parçasıdır ve kodların çözümlenmesinde göstergebilimsel yöntemlere başvurulur.
Bu çalışmada görsel göstergelerin kullanımına yönelik bir çözümlemeden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, görevde olan Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’ya ait resmi sosyal medya hesabında ve T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı’na ait resmi sosyal
medya hesabında Koronavirüs salgını boyunca 28 Mart 2020-19 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında paylaşılan, bireysel ve toplumsal yaşama ilişkin uyarı ve önlemlerin anlatıldığı sözel metinlerle desteklenmiş görsel metinlerdeki iletilerin
çözümlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri tabanını oluşturan görsel metinler, göstergebilimsel yaklaşım çerçevesinde Barthes’ın düzanlam / yananlam kavramlarıyla anlamsal karşıtlıklar oluşturularak metnin derin yapısındaki en küçük yapı
ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çözümleme, Sağlık Bakanı’nın ve Bakanlığın hesapları üzerinden yapılan paylaşımların içerdiği görsel imgeler arasındaki farklılıkların, anlamsal değerleri de etkilediği; paylaşımların konu başlıkları
arasında açık anlamsal farklılıklar sergilediği ve ilgili metinlerde bireysel ve toplumsal düzene ilişkin ev-sokak, eski hayat-yeni hayat üst başlıklarında değerlendirilebilecek anlamsal karşıtlıkların kullanıldığını ortaya koymuştur.
Bu biçimde sınıflandırılan anlamsal karşıtlıklar, salgın hastalığın süreç içerisindeki gelişim aşamaları açısından farklı anlamsal kavramlarla eşleştirildiğini göstermektedir. Yapılan incelemede, Sağlık Bakanı’nın hesaplarında
paylaşılan metinler, bilimsel verileri, kültürel ögelerden de yararlanarak günlük yaşama uyarlayan ve daha çok yananlam içeren kodları barındırdığı gözlenirken, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın hesaplarında paylaşılan metinlerin düzanlamsal
ifadelerden oluştuğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
An Examination of the Words Used to Mean “Epidemic and Infectious Disease” in the Tarama Sözlüğü
Authors: ÖZGÜL Adalet Gül
Published: October 2020

Dil, konuşurların duygu ve düşüncelerini ifade etmede ve kültür taşıyıcılığı gibi işlevi gerçekleştirmede kullanılan en temel iletişim aracıdır. Kültürün taşıyıcılığı ve koruyuculuğunu üstlenen dil aynı zamanda karşılaşılan ve yaşanılan
durumlara göre de şekillenen canlı bir varlıktır. İnsan, doğumdan ölüme kadar geçirmiş olduğu süre dâhilinde yeni bir durum, olay ve kavramlarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle karşılaşılan bu yeni olguları ya kendi dillerindeki
sözcüklere başvurarak ya da ihtiyaç dâhilinde yeni sözcükler türeterek açıklık getirmişlerdir. Eski Türkçeden günümüz Türkiye Türkçesine kadar sözcüklerin hangi dönemlerde hangi anlam ve şekillerde kullanıldığının belirlenmesi
önemlidir. Sözcüklerin tarihî seyrini, gelişimini ve değişimini ortaya koyan sözlüklerden biri Tarama Sözlüğü’dür. Bu sözlük, sözcükleri tanıklı örnek cümlelerle hangi devirlerde hangi gramer şartları altında kullanıldığı ve orada
işaret edilen anlamın hangi bağlamlardan çıkarıldığını anlayabilme imkânı vermiştir. Bu çalışmada Tarama Sözlüğü’nden hareketle salgın ve bulaşıcı hastalıkla ilgili söz varlığı unsurları tespit edilerek incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Tarama Sözlüğü’nde tespit edilen salgın ve bulaşıcı hastalıkla ilgili söz varlığı unsurlarının bazılarının Eski Türkçeden Türkiye Türkçesine kadar kullanılmış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu unsurların bir kısmı ölçünlü dilde kullanıldığı
gibi ölçünde dilde kullanılmayıp sadece Türkiye Türkçesinin ağızlarında yaşadığı da belirlenmiştir. Tarama Sözlüğünden tespit edilen bu söz varlığı unsurları, “Salgın ve Bulaşıcı Hastalık Anlamında Kullanılan Sözcükler” ve “Salgın
ve Bulaşıcı Hastalık Adlarının Karşılığı” olmak üzere iki başlık altında tasnif edilerek etimolojik ve morfolojik açıdan incelemesi yapılmıştır.
Continuous Radiofrequency-Assisted Thermal Processing of Packaged Soft Wheat Flour
Authors: Boreddy Sreenivasula Reddy , Subbiah Jeyamkondan
Published: October 2020

Soft wheat flour (SWF) is a low-moisture food ingredient in many ready-to-eat foods. Foodborne illnesses and outbreaks from consumption of multiple low-moisture foods heightened the importance of its microbiological safety. Traditional thermal processing methods take a long time to achieve desired pasteurization and are not suitable for processing the packaged products. The novel continuous radiofrequency (RF)-assisted thermal processing for packaged SWF was investigated with an objective of reducing the processing time. The temperature profiles in packaged SWF during RF heating at eight different locations under the stationary and moving conditions were investigated. The temperature difference between the coldest and the hottest locations in stationary RF heating of packaged SWF was 31°C. When the package was flipped up-side down along the long axis in stationary condition, the temperature difference was reduced to 24°C. The RF heating uniformity of packaged SWF with the conveyor movement improved and the temperature difference between the hottest and the coldest locations under this condition was only 15°C. The quality parameters of packaged SWF at 80°C for 7 h were not significantly different from that of the unpasteurized and batch mode processed SWF. This study demonstrated the continuous RF-assisted thermal processing of packaged SWF.
Use of Sentinel-1 Data in Flood Mapping in the Buna River Area
Authors: Abazaj Freskida , Hasko Gëzim
Published: October 2020

Floods are one of the disasters that cause many human lives and property. In Albania, most floods are associated with periods of heavy rainfall. In recent years, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors, which provide reliable data in all weather conditions and day and night, have been favored because they eliminate the limitations of optical images.

In this study, a flood occurred in the Buna River region in March 2018, was mapped using SAR Sentinel-1 data. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of flood mapping using SAR images using different methodologies. Sentinel-1A / B SAR images of the study area were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA).

Preprocessing steps, which include trajectory correction, calibration, speckle filtering, and terrain correction, have been applied to the images. RGB composition and the calibrated threshold technique have been applied to SAR images to detect flooded areas and the results are discussed here.
Análise Prospectiva com Ênfase Científica e Tecnológica do Gênero Erythrina (Fabaceae)
Authors: Carvalho Adonias Almeida , Da Silva Luanda Ferreira Floro , De Freitas Jurema Santana , Santiago Rodrigo Ferreira , Chaves Mariana Helena
Published: October 2020

O gênero Erythrina (Fabaceae) compreende 100 espécies de plantas de valor comercial e com propriedades biológicas importantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma prospecção científica e tecnológica do gênero Erythrina. Os bancos de patentes pesquisados foram o European Patent Office (EPO), o Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) do Brasil, o Banco de Patentes Latino-Americanas (LATIPAT), o United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) e o World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). A maioria das patentes está depositada na EPO e WIPO com 271 e 234 registros, respectivamente. O crescimento no número de patentes depositadas ocorreu a partir de 2010. A China, os Estados Unidos, o Canadá e o Japão são os principais depositantes de patentes envolvendo as espécies de Erythrina nas bases EPO e WIPO. As classificações internacionais mais frequentes das patentes foram A61K, seguida de A61P e C12N.
Prospecção Científica e Tecnológica do Uso do Óleo de Coco (Cocos nucifera. L) na Indústria Alimentícia
Authors: Araújo Talysie Freire , Sousa Luis Felipe Alves , Guimarães Denis Frota , Girão Mauro Vinicius Dutra
Published: October 2020

O óleo de coco tem se mostrado como um potencial alimento com benefícios nutricionais e funcionais. Este estudo tem como objetivo averiguar o estado da arte, realizando uma prospecção científica e tecnológica em relação ao uso do óleo de coco (CocosnuciferaL.) na indústria de alimentos. Para alcançar os objetivos foi realizado um levantamento das produções científicas da última década, bem como seu desenvolvimento tecnológico a partir da pesquisa realizada em bases de dados. Verificaram-se 1964 patentes com o óleo de coco, porém apenas três contemplaram os requisitos da pesquisa. Apesar de todos os aspectos positivos que o óleo apresenta, sua utilização para a produção de alimentos na indústria alimentícia se encontra escassa. Diante de todas as evidencias apresentadas sobre os benefícios do óleo de coco, sugere-se que pesquisas com esse alimento sejam desenvolvidas a fim de trazer novos estudos que promovam sua inovação tecnológica.
Smart Cities: avaliação das características dos ecossistemas de inovação de duas cidades inteligentes brasileiras
Authors: Carvalho Sônia Marise Salles , Martin Adriana Regina , Carneiro Arthur Guimarães , Santos Eraldo Ricardo , Barbosa Anna Patrícia Teixeira
Published: October 2020

Inovações tecnológicas são facilitadoras essenciais para superar os principais desafios da urbanização e melhorar a gestão da cidade e a qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Assim, surge o conceito de cidade inteligente (smart city), que usa tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) para melhorar sua habitabilidade, capacidade de trabalho e sustentabilidade. E para que se torne inteligente ela necessita de um ambiente que propicie inovação e geração de negócios. Este estudo investiga quais são as características dos ecossistemas de inovação das cidades mais inteligentes do mundo para análise e aperfeiçoamento das cidades brasileiras. A pesquisa foi exploratória, a abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa e o delineamento da pesquisa é bibliográfico. Foi concluído que, após a análise, as cidades brasileiras que atualmente detêm o status de mais maduras na temática de cidades inteligentes obtiveram resultados bem inferiores nos indicadores de ecossistema de inovação das quatro dimensões selecionadas: econômica, governança, capital humano e tecnologia.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Theobroma grandiflorum: mapeamento de tecnologias geradas a partir do Cupuaçu
Authors: Mota Luciana Serra da Silva , Seruffo Heloísa Helena da Rocha , Da Rocha Carlos Alberto Machado
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é a realização do mapeamento da produção de tecnologias geradas a partir do Theobroma grandiflorum, cujo nome vulgar é Cupuaçu, e protegidas por meio do registro de patentes. Para realizar o mapeamento, utilizou-se a busca de patentes por meio da plataforma Orbit Intelligence, além de uma análise pormenorizada de dados de 66 patentes obtidos em busca na base de dados Derwent Innovation Index. Identificou-se um crescente investimento na geração de patentes utilizando a espécie em questão, todavia com maior concentração no segmento de cosméticos e fármacos. Por fim, concluiu-se que o Theobroma grandiflorum apresenta grande potencial mercadológico a ser explorado e protegido por meio de patentes e faz-se necessário que empresas brasileiras também despertem para esse mercado. Além disso, é indispensável a exploração de outros segmentos de mercado com grande potencial para a aplicação da espécie, com destaque especial para o segmento de alimentos.
Perfil dos Titulares de Marca de Alto Renome no Brasil
Authors: Domingos Luis André Santos , Domingos Luis Wagner Santos , Carvalho Joelia Marques de
Published: October 2020

No Brasil, uma marca confere o direito de explorar com exclusividade determinado signo somente em seu ramo de atuação. Uma exceção a esse regramento são as marcas de alto renome. Uma marca de alto renome é uma marca de prestígio, reputação e tradição incontestáveis, que a levam a extrapolar seu ramo de atuação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar um perfil mínimo do titular de marca de “alto renome” no Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado a partir da coleta de dados dos despachos de processos e petições publicados pelo Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) para essa categoria. Observou-se que as marcas de alto renome no Brasil estão limitadas a empresas nacionais e estrangeiras com características bem definidas: empresas privadas, de grande porte, em sua maioria empresas antigas, fundadas há mais de 30 anos. Fatores como custo e dificuldades processuais podem contribuir para esta limitação de perfil.
Investigação Prospectiva do Novo Coronavírus e de Fármacos Antivirais com Potencial Atividade Terapêutica para o Tratamento de Pacientes Infectados pela COVID-19
Authors: MORAIS Williams Raphael de Souza , Pereira Queiroz Nathalia Marcelino , Silva Jaceguai Soares da , Ribeiro Adriana Santos , Tonholo Josealdo
Published: October 2020

A pandemia de COVID-19, causada pelo novo Coronavírus, encontrado em dezembro de 2019 em Wuhan, na China, havia atingido 754.498 pessoas e causado a morte de 36.571 pessoas em todo o mundo até o dia 31 de março de 2020. O sistema de saúde mundial entrou em crise e um dos grandes gargalos é o tratamento dos pacientes infectados. Com o objetivo de fazer um mapeamento científico e tecnológico acerca desse novo vírus e de fármacos antivirais com potenciais atividades terapêuticas no tratamento da COVID-19, foram realizadas buscas e análises de artigos científicos e patentes em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Foram recuperadas 2.977 patentes (Orbit) e 14.056 artigos (Scopus) sobre Coronavírus e 296 artigos (Scopus) especificamente sobre o novo Coronavírus, predominantemente da China. Foram identificados mais de 20 fármacos antivirais em avaliação em diversas partes do mundo. O trabalho aponta para a potencialidade de uso de fármacos já existentes no tratamento à doença, a exemplo de Cloroquina, Hidroxicloroquina, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Remdesivir e Ribavirin.
Phosphorylation of NANOG by casein kinase I regulates embryonic stem cell self‐renewal
Authors: Mullin Nicholas P. , Varghese Joby , Colby Douglas , Richardson Julia M. , Findlay Greg M. , Chambers Ian
Published: October 2020

The self‐renewal efficiency of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is determined by the concentration of the transcription factor NANOG. While NANOG binds thousands of sites in chromatin, the regulatory systems that control DNA binding are poorly characterised. Here, we show that NANOG is phosphorylated by casein kinase I, and identify target residues. Phosphomimetic substitutions at phosphorylation sites within the homeodomain (S130 and S131) have site‐specific functional effects. Phosphomimetic substitution of S130 abolishes DNA binding by NANOG and eliminates LIF‐independent self‐renewal. In contrast, phosphomimetic substitution of S131 enhances LIF‐independent self‐renewal, without influencing DNA binding. Modelling the DNA–homeodomain complex explains the disparate effects of these phosphomimetic substitutions. These results indicate how phosphorylation may influence NANOG homeodomain interactions that underpin ESC self‐renewal.
SMARCA4 mutations in KRAS‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma: a multi‐cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Liang , Ahmed Tamjeed , Petty William J. , Grant Stefan , Ruiz Jimmy , Lycan Thomas W. , Topaloglu Umit , Chou Ping‐Chieh , Miller Lance D. , Hawkins Gregory A. , Alexander‐Miller Martha A. , O’Neill Stacey S. , Powell Bayard L. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Munden Reginald F. , Pasche Boris , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2020

KRAS is a key oncogenic driver in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Chromatin‐remodeling gene SMARCA4 is comutated with KRAS in LUAD; however, the impact of SMARCA4 mutations on clinical outcome has not been adequately established. This study sought to shed light on the clinical significance of SMARCA4 mutations in LUAD. The association of SMARCA4 mutations with survival outcomes was interrogated in four independent cohorts totaling 564 patients: KRAS‐mutant patients with LUAD who received nonimmunotherapy treatment from (a) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and (b) the MSK‐IMPACT Clinical Sequencing (MSK‐CT) cohorts; and KRAS‐mutant patients with LUAD who received immune checkpoint inhibitor‐based immunotherapy treatment from (c) the MSK‐IMPACT (MSK‐IO) and (d) the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center (WFBCCC) immunotherapy cohorts. Of the patients receiving nonimmunotherapy treatment, in the TCGA cohort (n = 155), KRAS‐mutant patients harboring SMARCA4 mutations (KS) showed poorer clinical outcome [P = 6e‐04 for disease‐free survival (DFS) and 0.031 for overall survival (OS), respectively], compared to KRAS‐TP53 comutant (KP) and KRAS‐only mutant (K) patients; in the MSK‐CT cohort (n = 314), KS patients also exhibited shorter OS than KP (P = 0.03) or K (P = 0.022) patients. Of patients receiving immunotherapy, KS patients consistently exhibited the shortest progression‐free survival (PFS; P = 0.0091) in the MSK‐IO (n = 77), and the shortest PFS (P = 0.0026) and OS (P = 0.0014) in the WFBCCC (n = 18) cohorts, respectively. Therefore, mutations of SMARCA4 represent a genetic factor leading to adverse clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma treated by either nonimmunotherapy or immunotherapy.
5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine signature in circulating cell‐free DNA as a potential diagnostic factor for early‐stage colorectal cancer and precancerous adenoma
Authors: Xiao ZeWen , Wu Wendy , Wu Chunlong , Li Man , Sun Fuming , Zheng Lu , Liu Gaojing , Li Xiaoling , Yun Zhiyuan , Tang Jiebing , Yu Yang , Luo Shengnan , Sun Wenji , Feng Xiaohong , Cheng Qian , Tao Xue , Wu Shuangxiu , Tao Ji
Published: October 2020

Approximately 85% colorectal cancers (CRCs) are thought to evolve through the adenoma‐to‐carcinoma sequence associated with specific molecular alterations, including the 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) signature in circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA). To explore colorectal disease progression and evaluate the use of cfDNA as a potential diagnostic factor for CRC screening, here, we performed genome‐wide 5hmC profiling in plasma cfDNA and tissue genomic DNA (gDNA) acquired from 101 samples (63 plasma and 38 tissues), collected from 21 early‐stage CRC patients, 21 AD patients, and 21 healthy controls (HC). The gDNA and cfDNA 5hmC signatures identified in gene bodies and promoter regions in CRC and AD groups were compared with those in HC group. All the differential 5hmC‐modified regions (DhMRs) were gathered into four clusters: Disease‐enriched, AD‐enriched, Disease‐lost, and AD‐lost, with no overlap. AD‐related clusters, AD‐enriched and AD‐lost, displayed the unique 5hmC signals in AD patients. Disease‐enriched and Disease‐lost clusters indicated the general 5hmC changes when colorectal lesions occurred. Cancer patients with a confirmable adenoma history segmentally gathered in AD‐enriched clusters. KEGG functional enrichment and GO analyses determined distinct differential 5hmC‐modified profiles in cfDNA of HC individuals, AD, and CRC patients. All patients had comprehensive 5hmC signatures where Disease‐enriched and Disease‐lost DhMR clusters demonstrated similar epigenetic modifications, while AD‐enriched and AD‐lost DhMR clusters indicated complicated subpopulations in adenoma. Analysis of CRC patients with adenoma history showed exclusive 5hmC‐gain characteristics, consistent with the ‘parallel’ evolution hypothesis in adenoma, either developed through the adenoma‐to‐carcinoma sequence or not. These findings deepen our understanding of colorectal disease and suggest that the 5hmC modifications of different pathological subtypes (cancer patients with or without adenoma history) could be used to screen early‐stage CRC and assess adenoma malignancy with large‐scale follow‐up studies in the future.
JDP2 is directly regulated by ATF4 and modulates TRAIL sensitivity by suppressing the ATF4–DR5 axis
Authors: Engler Máté János , Mimura Junsei , Yamazaki Shun , Itoh Ken
Published: October 2020

Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) is a bZip‐type transcription factor, which acts as a repressor or activator of several cellular processes, including cell differentiation and chromatin remodeling. Previously, we found that a stress‐responsive transcription factor, known as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), enhances JDP2 gene expression in human astrocytoma U373MG and cervical cancer HeLa cells; however, the role of JDP2 in the ATF4‐mediated stress response remained unclear. Here, we reported that siRNA‐mediated JDP2 knockdown enhances the expression of several ATF4 target genes, including ASNS, and death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4 and DR5) in HeLa cells. In addition, the results of a transient reporter assay indicate that JDP2 overexpression represses ER stress‐mediated DR5 promoter activation suggesting that JDP2 negatively regulates ATF4‐mediated gene expression. Curiously, knockdown of JDP2 increases the sensitivity of cells to TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), which induces apoptosis in cancer cells through DR4 and DR5. These results indicate that JDP2 functions as a negative feedback regulator of the ATF4 pathway and contributes to TRAIL resistance in cancer cells.
Tau pathology associates with in vivo cortical thinning in Lewy body disorders
Authors: Spotorno Nicola , Coughlin David G. , Olm Christopher A. , Wolk David , Vaishnavi Sanjeev N. , Shaw Leslie M. , Dahodwala Nabila , Morley James F. , Duda John E. , Deik Andres F. , Spindler Meredith A. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Lee Edward B. , Trojanowski John Q. , McMillan Corey T. , Weintraub Daniel , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To investigate the impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) co‐pathology on an in vivo structural measure of neurodegeneration in Lewy body disorders (LBD).

Methods

We studied 72 LBD patients (Parkinson disease (PD) = 2, PD‐MCI = 25, PD with dementia = 10, dementia with Lewy bodies = 35) with either CSF analysis or neuropathological examination and structural MRI during life. The cohort was divided into those harboring significant AD co‐pathology, either at autopsy (intermediate/high AD neuropathologic change) or with CSF signature indicating AD co‐pathology (t‐tau/Aβ1‐42 > 0.3) (LBD+AD, N = 19), and those without AD co‐pathology (LBD−AD, N = 53). We also included a reference group of 25 patients with CSF biomarker‐confirmed amnestic AD. We investigated differences in MRI cortical thickness estimates between groups, and in the 21 autopsied LBD patients (LBD−AD = 14, LBD+AD = 7), directly tested the association between antemortem MRI and post‐mortem burdens of tau, Aβ, and alpha‐synuclein using digital histopathology in five representative neocortical regions.

Results

The LBD+AD group was characterized by cortical thinning in anterior/medial and lateral temporal regions (P < 0.05 FWE‐corrected) relative to LBD−AD. In LBD+AD, cortical thinning was most pronounced in temporal neocortex, whereas the AD reference group showed atrophy that equally encompassed temporal, parietal and frontal neocortex. In autopsied LBD, we found an inverse correlation with cortical thickness and post‐mortem tau pathology, while cortical thickness was not significantly associated with Aβ or alpha‐synuclein pathology.

Interpretation

LBD+AD is characterized by temporal neocortical thinning on MRI, and cortical thinning directly correlated with post‐mortem histopathologic burden of tau, suggesting that tau pathology influences the pattern of neurodegeneration in LBD.
A novel adaptive event‐triggered scheme for network descriptor systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and nonlinearities
Authors: Wang Yuzhong , Zhang Tie , Tong Can , Ma Limin , Ren Junchao
Published: October 2020

This article investigates the problem of event‐triggered control for network descriptor systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and nonlinearities. First, a novel adaptive event‐triggered scheme (AETC) is introduced to save more limited network resource. Second, by considering the network‐induced delay, randomly occurring uncertainties and nonlinearities, and the adaptive transmission scheme, a delay system method is used to build a novel time‐varying delay system model. Based on this model and Lyapunov function technology, sufficient stability conditions to verdict admissible and stabilization conditions to codesign the controller gain and the weighting matrix of the adaptive transmission scheme are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical simulation example and a comparing example are employed to illustrate the effectiveness and the advantageous performances of the proposed AETC.
Robust real‐time parameter estimation for linear systems affected by external noises and uncertainties
Authors: Agulhari Cristiano M. , Neto José M. M. , Lacerda Márcio J. , de Souza Ruhan P. P. , Castoldi Marcelo F. , Goedtel Alessandro
Published: October 2020

A robust adaptive parameter estimation method, based on the application of a full‐order filter capable of rejecting exogenous disturbances, is proposed in this article. A linear matrix inequality condition is proposed to synthesize the desired robust filter, assuming the presence of a known input control with constraints. The filter uses the output of the system to estimate the desired signal that will be employed in the adaptive estimation procedure and, to assure robustness to exogenous noise and unstructured uncertainties, the guaranteed cost is minimized in the synthesis condition. The filtered signals are then applied to an adaptive procedure to estimate the unknown system's internal parameters, which is also proposed in this article. It is shown that lower values for the guaranteed cost from the disturbance input to the error output of the filter imply more accurate estimations of the parameters. The efficiency of the proposed estimation technique is illustrated through a simulated model and a physical system has been considered to validate real‐time estimation.
The Applications of Water‐in‐Salt Electrolytes in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Liang Tingting , Hou Ruilin , Dou Qingyun , Zhang Hongzhang , Yan Xingbin
Published: October 2020

Water‐in‐salt electrolytes (WISEs) have attracted widespread attention due to their non‐flammability, environmental friendliness, and wider electrochemical stability window than conventional dilute aqueous electrolytes. When applied in the electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, WISEs can offer many advantages such as high‐level safety, manufacturing efficiency, as well as, superior electrochemical performances. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of WISEs and their EES applications. In this review, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the WISEs are first introduced. Then, the research progresses of the WISEs using different metal salts and their analogues are summarized. Next, the current research progresses of WISEs applied in different EES devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors) as well as the insights into challenging and future perspectives are systematically discussed.
Nanoscale Ion Regulation in Wood‐Based Structures and Their Device Applications
Authors: Chen Chaoji , Hu Liangbing
Published: October 2020

Ion transport and regulation are fundamental processes for various devices and applications related to energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, sensing, ionotronics, and biotechnology. Wood‐based materials, fabricated by top‐down or bottom‐up approaches, possess a unique hierarchically porous fibrous structure that offers an appealing material platform for multiscale ion regulation. The ion transport behavior in these materials can be regulated through structural and compositional engineering from the macroscale down to the nanoscale, imparting wood‐based materials with multiple functions for a range of emerging applications. A fundamental understanding of ion transport behavior in wood‐based structures enhances the capability to design high‐performance ion‐regulating devices and promotes the utilization of sustainable wood materials. Combining this unique ion regulation capability with the renewable and cost‐effective raw materials available, wood and its derivatives are the natural choice of materials toward sustainability.
Kinetic Resolution of α‐Silyl‐Substituted Allylboronate Esters via Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Allylboration of Aldehydes
Authors: Park Jinyoung , Jung Yongsuk , Kim Jeongho , Lee Eunsung , Lee Sarah Yunmi , Cho Seung Hwan
Published: October 2020

We describe the kinetic resolution of α‐silyl‐substituted allylboronate esters via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective allylboration of aldehydes. This process provides two synthetically versatile enantioenriched compounds, (Z)‐δ‐silyl‐substituted anti‐homoallylic alcohols and α‐silyl‐substituted allylboronate esters, with a selectivity factor up to 328. We propose that the reaction proceeds through a closed chair‐like transition state with the silane moiety occupying a pseudo‐axial position, thus readily resolving α‐silyl‐substituted allylboronate esters. The synthetic utility of the obtained enantioenriched compounds is highlighted by their further transformations to give a diverse set of enantioenriched molecules.

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Tropical soybean yield response to reduced or zero phosphorus fertilization depends on soils
Authors: Bomeisl Lauren P. , Neill Christopher , Porder Stephen , Cerri Carlos E.P. , Brando Paulo M. , Roy Eric D.
Published: October 2020

Oxisol soils with high P sorption capacity are widespread in Brazil, which is the world's second largest producer of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. To counter low P availability within highly weathered soils, Brazilian soybean producers commonly fertilize with approximately twice as much P as is harvested in soybean. This has led to the accumulation of P in the soil, especially during the 2000s and 2010s, but the degree to which producers can capitalize on this residual soil P stock to offset fertilizer inputs remains unclear. We tested the effect of residual soil P in a field trial in Mato Grosso, Brazil on a field that has been fertilized for a decade. We grew soybean under three P treatments: 0, 50, and 100% of the farm's standard P fertilization rate for soybean (38 kg P ha−1 yr−1). This experiment was conducted for one growing season on two sites within the same farm field that had different soil texture, Al2O3 + Fe2O3 (R2O3), soil test P, and degree of P saturation. Soybean yield on the soil with greater clay content and R2O3 showed yield declines under reduced P input but yields on sandier soils that had higher soil test P were unaffected by reduced P inputs. These results highlight opportunities to enhance P fertilizer use efficiency in intensive tropical agriculture on highly weathered soils by using site‐specific soil fertility management to harness residual soil P.
Pollen dispersal patterns differ among sites for a wind‐pollinated species and an insect‐pollinated species
Authors: Butcher Chelsea L. , Rubin Berish Y. , Anderson Sylvia L. , Lewis James D.
Published: October 2020

Premise

Pollen dispersal, the main component of overall plant gene flow, generally decreases with increasing distance from the pollen source, but the pattern of this relationship may differ among sites. Although site‐based differences in pollen dispersal may lead to over‐ or underestimation of gene flow, no studies have investigated pollen dispersal patterns among differing urban site types, despite the incongruent range of habitats in urban areas.

Methods

We used paternity assignment to assess pollen dispersal patterns in a wind‐pollinated species (waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatus) and in an insect‐pollinated species (tomato; Solanum lycopersicum) in experimental arrays at four disparate sites (two roof‐level sites, two ground‐level sites) in the New York (New York, USA) metropolitan area.

Results

The number of seeds or fruits, a proxy for the number of flowers pollinated, decreased with increasing distance from the pollen donors at all sites for both species. However, the mean number of Amaranthus tuberculatusseeds produced at a given distance differed two‐fold among sites, while the slope of the relationship between Solanum lycopersicumfruit production and distance differed by a factor of four among sites.

Conclusions

Pollen dispersal patterns may differ substantially among sites, both in the amount of pollen dispersed at a given distance and in the proportional decrease in pollen dispersal with increasing distance, and these effects may act independently. Accordingly, the capacity of plant species to adapt to climate change and other selection pressures may be different from predictions based on pollen dispersal patterns at a single location.
Care at critical care medical centers is associated with improved outcomes in patients with accidental hypothermia: a historical cohort study from the J‐Point registry
Authors: Fujimoto Yoshihiro , Matsuyama Tasuku , Morita Sachiko , Ehara Naoki , Miyamae Nobuhiro , Okada Yohei , Jo Takaaki , Sumida Yasuyuki , Okada Nobunaga , Watanabe Makoto , Nozawa Masahiro , Tsuruoka Ayumu , Okumura Yoshiki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Takegami Tetsuro
Published: October 2020

Aim

The recommendation that patients with accidental hypothermia should be transported to specialized centers that can provide extracorporeal life support has not been validated, and the efficacy remains unclear.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with a body temperature of ≤35°C presenting at the emergency department of 12 hospitals in Japan between April 2011 and March 2016. We divided the patients into two groups based on the point of care delivery: critical care medical center (CCMC) or non‐CCMC. The primary outcome of this study was in‐hospital death. In‐hospital death was compared using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analyses were carried out according to patients with severe hypothermia (<28°C) or systolic blood pressure (sBP) of <90 mmHg.

Results

A total of 537 patients were included, 413 patients (76.9%) in the CCMC group and 124 patients (23.1%) in the non‐CCMC group. The in‐hospital death rate was lower in the CCMC group than in the non‐CCMC group (22.3% versus 31.5%,P < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the CCMC group was 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.90). In subgroup analyses, patients with systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg in the CCMC group were less likely to experience in‐hospital death (AOR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.23–0.56). However, no such association was observed among patients with severe hypothermia (AOR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.63–1.85).

Conclusions

Our multicenter study indicated that care at a CCMC was associated with improved outcomes in patients with accidental hypothermia.
RNA‐PROTACs: Degraders of RNA‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Ghidini Alice , Cléry Antoine , Halloy François , Allain Frédéric H. T. , Hall Jonathan
Published: October 2020

Defects in the functions of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are at the origin of many diseases; however, targeting RBPs with conventional drugs has proven difficult. PROTACs are a new class of drugs that mediate selective degradation of a target protein through a cell's ubiquitination machinery. PROTACs comprise a moiety that binds the selected protein, conjugated to a ligand of an E3 ligase. Herein, we introduce RNA‐PROTACs as a new concept in the targeting of RBPs. These chimeric structures employ small RNA mimics as targeting groups that dock the RNA‐binding site of the RBP, whereupon a conjugated E3‐recruiting peptide derived from the HIF‐1α protein directs the RBP for proteasomal degradation. We performed a proof‐of‐concept demonstration with the degradation of two RBPs—a stem cell factor LIN28 and a splicing factor RBFOX1—and showed their use in cancer cell lines. The RNA‐PROTAC approach opens the way to rapid, selective targeting of RBPs in a rational and general fashion.
Synthesis of Single Isomeric Complexes with Dissymmetric Structures Using Macrocyclic Homooligomers
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Yonemura Sota , Akatsuka Shunya , Nabeshima Tatsuya
Published: October 2020

Bottom‐up chemical synthesis to construct intricate molecules has been a profound challenge. An effective approach is to utilize organic ligands and metal ions, but the formation of a single product among other possible candidates has proven difficult for dissymmetric structures. We now report the synthesis of single isomeric complexes with dissymmetric structures using the mismatch in the coordination valences of macrocyclic homooligomers and metal ions. A series of amide‐cyclodextrin derivatives possessing multiple 2,2′‐bipyridyl (bpy) groups forms mononuclear complexes whose specific three bpy groups are linked in the fac‐Λ configuration. The intermolecular coordination of the β‐cyclodextrin metal complex produces a dissymmetric cyclodextrin trimer as a single isomer, whose initially equivalent 21 (=7×3) bipyridylamide‐pyranose units are placed in different environments. Furthermore, we realize chiral recognition of amino acid anions utilizing the distinctive amide groups arranged on the unsymmetrically fixed scaffold.
Effect of Milk Fat Concentration on Fat Crystallization of Palm Oil‐Based Shortenings
Authors: Nguyen Viet , Rimaux Tom , Truong Vinh , Danthine Sabine , Dewettinck Koen , Van Bockstaele Filip
Published: October 2020

The effect of different dosages of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) (25%, 50% and 75%, w/w) on shear‐crystallization of fat blends made of refined palm oil, refined palm stearin, and rapeseed oil was studied. Classical techniques as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (pfg‐NMR), rheometer, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to evaluate the crystallization kinetics of fat blends as well as the fat compatibility between components in rapid cooling (15 °C min−1), isothermal crystallization (at 15 °C), and storage (5 °C). Obtained results revealed that the mixtures of palm oils and milk fat had a low compatibility. The co‐crystallization between triacylglycerols (TAG) of milk fat and of palm oil occurred during isothermal crystallization and storage resulting in slower crystallization kinetics and the formation of some eutectic mixtures.
Vapor deposition of stable copolymer thin films in a batchiCVDreactor
Authors: Yılmaz Kurtuluş , Şakalak Hüseyin , Gürsoy Mehmet , Karaman Mustafa
Published: October 2020

This study demonstrates the deposition of poly(ethylhexyl acrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (P(EHA‐co‐EGDMA)) copolymer thin films in a batch type initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) reactor. Crosslinked copolymers are desired for many applications because of their high stable properties. iCVD polymers derived by monomers bearing only one vinyl bond are usually linearly structured polymers and hence they are not durable, which is unfavorable for many real‐world applications. Robust crosslinked iCVD films can be produced with the help of crosslinkers. In a typical iCVD process, copolymer thin film is produced by constantly feeding monomer vapor and crosslinker into the reactor. The monomer/crosslinker ratio should be precisely controlled for fabrication of reproducible thin films. In order to eliminate problems caused by adjusting the flowrates of precursors, a closed‐batch type iCVD reactor was used for the first time in this study to produce copolymer thin films. The variation of precursors' partial pressures allowed control over the copolymer thin film structures. As compared with homopolymer, copolymers showed the better chemical and thermal stable properties. Almost 40% of the copolymer thin film remained on the substrate surface at an annealing temperature of 300°C, whereas the homopolymer film was completely removed at an annealing temperature of 280°C.
Time‐varying parameters identification and synchronization of switching complex networks using the adaptive fuzzy‐impulsive control with an application to secure communication
Authors: Behinfaraz Reza , Ghaemi Sehraneh , Khanmohammadi Sohrab , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2020

In this paper, secure communication using the synchronization of complex networks has been studied. The method of secure communication is based on chaotic parameter modulation. The adaptive update rules are obtained for the identification of parameters and messages in the receiver. Considered networks have time‐varying parameters. Also, the switching topology has been considered for the networks. Different topologies are selected for the transmitter and receiver networks. Using a fuzzy inference engine, an impulsive controller is designed for synchronization. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On modeling and identification of empirical partially intelligible white noise processes
Authors: Várlaki Péter , Palkovics László , Rövid András
Published: October 2020

The paper discusses the identification of the empirical, partially intelligible white noise processes generated by deterministic numerical algorithms. The introduced fuzzy‐random complementary approach can identify the inner hidden correlational patterns of the empirical white noise process if the process has a real hidden structure of this kind. We have shown how the characteristics of autocorrelated white noise processes change as the order of autocorrelation increases. Based on this approach, the original empirical white noise process transformed by the autocorrelation operator can be considered to be random data series (randomlikeness), and at the same time, it has function‐like characteristics (functionlikeness), as well. We approach the analysis of the mentioned complementarity by modeling the autocorrelation functions of the empirical white noise processes using tensor product (TP) model transformation.
Cytotoxic Activity of Triterpenoids from Cheiloclinium cognatum Branches against Chronic and Acute Leukemia Cell Lines
Authors: Gonçalves Pereira Rafael César , Gontijo Evangelista Fernanda Cristina , dos Santos Júnior Valtair Severino , de Paula Sabino Adriano , Gonçalves Maltarollo Vinícius , de Freitas Rossimiriam Pereira , Pains Duarte Lucienir
Published: October 2020

Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm. is an endemic species of Brazilian Cerrado that belongs to Celastraceae family. The phytochemical study of C. cognatum branches led to the identification of ten triterpenoids (TPs), 3β‐acyloxyurs‐12‐ene (1), friedelin (2), β‐friedelinol (3), glut‐5‐en‐3β‐ol (4), α‐amyrin (5), β‐amyrin (6), β‐sitosterol (7), canophyllol (8), 29‐hydroxyfriedelan‐3‐one (9) and friedelane‐3β,29‐diol (10). TPs 4, 5 and 6 are described for the first Cheiloclinium genus and TPs 8 and 9 were isolated in expressive amounts. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against THP‐1 and K562 leukemia cell lines. TPs 3 and 5 were the most active, exhibiting lower or similar IC50 against both cell lines when compared to the controls. Their mechanisms of action were investigated suggesting an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis evidenced by up‐regulation of BAK mRNA expression. Chemometric studies indicated that their activities may be related to their molecular size and shape as well as electronic interactions of C‐3 hydroxy group with molecular targets.