bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Forms of Conditionality of Intercultural Understanding and Three Contemporary Responses
Authors: Ennen Timo
Published: December 2022

Building on a distinction between two kinds of skepticism recently worked out by the American philosopher James Conant, we can differentiate the question of how to overcome the gap between two cultural horizons in intercultural dialogue from the question of how there could even be such dialogue, irrespective of its method, success or failure. While the first question concerns practical conditionality, that is, something we as philosophers have to achieve, the second question concerns transcendental conditionality. After making this distinction clear, the paper presents three cases of recent scholarship on intercultural dialogue, each of which can be read as a response to those two forms of conditionality of intercultural understanding. Those cases are Jean-Yves Heurtebise’s notion of a “transcultural” philosophy, Eric S. Nelson’s work on “intercultural philosophy,” and Kwok-Ying Lau’s concept of a “cultural flesh.” However, while speaking to both forms of conditionality, they tend not to distinguish sufficiently their responses to the two problematics.
A Curious Case of Cultural Encounter: The Appropriation of Kant’s Philosophy through Contemporary Neo-Confucianism
Authors: Shi Weimin
Published: December 2022

In this paper, Mou Zongsan’s (牟宗三, 1909–1995 CE) Kantian interpretation of Confucianism will be surveyed with a focus on Mou’s ideas of moral metaphysics and autonomy. After a brief account of the development of Confucianism up to the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE) and Ming dynasty (1368–1644 CE) (§1) and some initial attempts to articulate Confucian ideas in terms of Western philosophy (§2), Mou’s Kantian interpretation of Confucianism will be presented in §3 and criticized in §4. It is argued that Mou uses the Kantian dichotomy of autonomy and heteronomy to describe the traditional rivalry between two primary schools of Neo-Confucianism. While Mou neglects Kant’s claim that the autonomy of the will gives the principle by means of which it is to determine the content of the moral law, he appeals to Kant’s idea that human beings as free agents are members of the intelligible world to propose a Confucian moral metaphysics. In §5, Mou’s Confucianism’s metaphysical and religious characteristics are further criticized.
Maṣlaḥa as “Flourishing” and Its Place in Sunnī Political Thought
Authors: Fadel (محمد فاضل) Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Modern Muslim reformers have made regular appeals to maṣlaḥa (well-being) and maqāṣid al-sharīʿa (the purposiveness of the law) in justifying numerous reform proposals. These arguments have proven to be controversial, not only among traditional Muslim scholars, but also western scholars of Islam who argue that these concepts were always marginal to the enterprise of Islamic law, and that the ubiquity with which arguments are now made in the name of maṣlaḥa and maqāṣid al-sharīʿa are little more than utilitarianism. This article distinguishes between the controversial position of maṣlaḥa and maqāṣid al-sharīʿa in theology (kalām) and theoretical jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and its ubiquity in substantive law (fiqh) to argue that jurists took for granted the purposiveness of the law in their immanent practices of formulating detailed rules. I argue that this reflects the political or social dimension of the law, and it applies a fortiori to the rules governing political office. I argue that maṣlaḥa, should be understood as a particular kind of flourishing rather than a form of utility and this is reflected in the teleological nature of juristic reasoning in substantive law. Using this framework, I analyze the rules of the caliphate and consider what the “maṣlaḥa” of the political is – i.e., what does it mean for the political to “flourish” – from the perspective of Sunnī law.
Not Just a Simple Civil Servant: The Right of Access to a Court of Judges in the Recent Case Law of the ECtHR
Authors: Leloup Mathieu
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the right of access to a court in the most recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights, more particularly the application of the so-called Eskelinen-test in the context of cases concerning domestic Judges. The Court appears to have established a new approach to this test, which considerably raises the bar to exclude Judges from access to a court when disputes about their status or career are concerned. First, the article discusses this new approach, suggesting that the reason for it can be found in the current rule of law landscape in Europe and highlighting its potential for future rule of law related cases. Yet, it equally points out how the test gives the final say in disputes about the status or career of Judges to Judges themselves, which creates potential issues of internal judicial independence, and may skew sensitive systems of balance of powers.
Old Wood in a New Light: An Online Dendrochronological Database
Authors: Edvardsson Johannes , Hansson Anton , Sjölander Mattias , von Boer Johan , Buckland Philip , Linderson Hans , Gunnarson Björn , Linderholm Hans W , Drobyshev Igor , Hammarlund Dan
Published: December 2022

The Old Wood in a New Light database project focuses on the digitization and accessibility of the results of dendrochronological samples analyzed and archived at four Swedish university-based tree-ring laboratories at Lund University, Stockholm University, University of Gothenburg, and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Collaboration with the Environmental Archaeology Laboratory and Humlab at Umeå University enables long-term open access to data, raw data, and metadata. In this project, we (1) systematically undertake large-scale entry and open access publication of results from wood samples scientifically analyzed and archived by Swedish laboratories and the associated metadata, into the Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database (SEAD; www.sead.se) research data infrastructure, and (2) actively promote the database as a resource for new and ongoing interdisciplinary research initiatives. Including dendrochronological data in SEAD infrastructure allows interdisciplinary studies that combine major scientific and societal questions. Building on a pilot study of construction timber from southern Sweden and adaptation of SEAD digitization workflows, more than 70 000 samples archived at the four dendrochronological laboratories are now being handled in the project. The broad coverage of research networks, stakeholder interaction, and strategic support from the cultural heritage community is guaranteed owing to the ongoing collaboration between laboratories and an established international and multidisciplinary reference group.
A Third Exegesis of the Avesta? New Observations on the Middle Persian Word ayārdag
Authors: Azarnouche Samra
Published: December 2022

Taking as a point of departure a letter of Jean de Menasce addressed to Moḥammad Moʻīn some seventy years ago, this article traces the progressive advancement of the analysis of the rare Middle Persian word ayārdag, mentioned in three Persian lexicons and two Arabic sources of the 10th and 11th centuries. These sources consider the term as a third exegetical stratum of the Avesta, the first two being the zand and the pāzand. With the aid of Middle Persian sources such as the Dēnkard and the Bundahišn, we will attempt to identify the phenomenon that Muslim authors interpreted as a “third exegesis” and, furthermore, we will propose an interpretation of this word in the sense of “synthesis, abridgment” of a Gāthic nask.
The earliest Persians in Iran: toponyms and Persian ethnicity
Authors: Alizadeh Kiumars
Published: December 2022

It is the aim of this paper to go into the localization of toponyms, including Parsua, Parsāya, Parsuaš, Paršua, and Parsumaš in Assyrian, Babylonian, and Urartian documentary sources. By analyzing the accounts found in Mesopotamian kings’ itineraries, annals, and administrative records, it is shown that from the 9th century BCE till the emergence of Achaemenid Empire in the mid-6th century BCE, two groups of toponyms can be identified. Parsua, Parsuaš, Paršua (group A), and Parsumaš (group B) are mentioned at the same time, but in a very diffferent topographic context. It is evident that Babylonian and Assyrian (and Urartian) scribes applied a distinction between two toponyms: they generally reserved the spelling with -umaš for the southern entity and the spelling -ua for the northern. Furthermore, Parsua, Parsuaš and Parsāya always were used as a toponym and never marked by the determinative LÚ and there is no concrete proof to relate them with Persians. Also, a reference to Parsumaš in southwest marked by both KUR and LÚ, does not simply mean that Parsumaš is an exclusive mark of Persian ethnic in the pre-Achaemenid period. In other words, ‘Parsumašian’ refers to many tribes (including Persians) who dwelled in the Neo-Elamite eastern territories, and it would be better to diffferentiate Parsumašians from LÚParsāya (Persians→ Akk.) and Parsirra/ Parsip (Persians→ El.) in Achaemenid cuneiform sources.
Sasanian architecture as viewed by the 19th century French architect Pascal-Xavier Coste
Authors: Djamali Morteza , Faucherre Nicolas
Published: December 2022

The 19th century French architect Pascal-Xavier Coste was one of the first European artists to recognize Sasanian architecture as a distinct and significant architectural style in Late Antiquity. He considered this style to be parallel to Byzantine and Romanesque architecture in the Eastern and Western Roman Empire, respectively. Sasanian architecture, according to Coste, belonged to a period of ‘decadence of the arts’ following the fall of the Roman Empire, during which small construction materials replaced large masonry blocks. Despite this general ‘decadence’, Coste attributed several architectural inventions to Sasanians and described their buildings as precursors to Arabic (Islamic) architecture which, in turn, played a fundamental role in the shaping of Gothic architecture. He saw Sasanian architecture as being characterized by the invention of ovoidal arches, domes, and use of small stones. The Palace of Ardashir in Firuzabad, the Khosrow Palace in Ctesiphon, and the Sarvestan monuments near Shiraz display the whole array of these architectural features according to Coste.
Mittelpersisch rōzag ‘Fasten’
Authors: Santos Diego M. , Albino Marcos
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we propose to explain Middle Persian rōzag ‘fasting’ as a decompositional formation from dō-rōz=ag ‘(fasting ritual) of two days’. It is neither possible – we argue – to explain rōzag as a formation with the sufffix*-(a)ka- from the primary word rōz ‘day’ nor °rōzag-compounds as compounds with rōzag ‘fasting’ as a second member. We discuss °rōzag-compounds generally. We postulate, for instance, that Parthian bēmrōzag does not mean ‘fasting day of the Bema’ but ‘commemoration of the Bema’. At the end, we put up for discussion that there may be other suchlike decompositional words in Iranian languages, for instance paT zanag ‘kind’. Key Biblical quotations are identified in M 2 (Mk 9.29) and M 16 supporting our translations.

(At the end of this article, there is a list of the formations, words and passages that we discuss.)
The city of brotherly love. The language of family affection in the Artaxiad dynasty between the Hellenistic and the Parthian world
Authors: Coloru Omar
Published: December 2022

At section X.5, the Tabula Peutingeriana shows a settlement called Filadelfia (Gr. Philadelpheia) located on the road between Artaxata and Ecbatana. According to modern scholarship, the settlement was on the northern shores of Lake Urmia, but its founder is unknown. Historians tentatively suggested Demetrios II of Syria (first reign 145-138 BC) or Artabanos I of Parthia (126-122 BC) as the possible founders because they both had Philadelphos among their royal epithets. However, a significant political act such as the foundation of a settlement in Armenia by one of these monarchs is not convincing when we take a closer look to the geopolitical situation of the area. It is also plausible that the settlement was named Philadelpheia to celebrate the coregency of Tigranes IV and his sisterqueen Erato (10-2 BC). The couple was supported by Phraates V of Parthia, who favoured an anti-Roman policy in Armenia. Taking my cue from the foundation of Philadelpheia, I will also analyse the royal titles born by the members of the Artaxiad dynasty in order to understand the place of family in the Artaxiad ideology of kingship and to show the interplay between Armenian, Parthian, and Hellenistic discourses on royal legitimacy based on kinship.
The Sumerian Expression a-ra2 X-kam and the Use of Installments in the Ur III Administration
Authors: Widell Magnus
Published: December 2022

This short communication investigates the Sumerian expression a-ra2 X-kam, which was used to denote ordinal numbers in the Ur III period, typically to rank in a sequential order deliveries/receipts within the state administration. The literal and the cognitive meanings of a-ra2 X-kam remain unchallenged, and the article will focus on the practical application of the expression within the Ur III state bureaucracy, and its significance for our overall understanding of the administrative and archival procedures of the period. The use of sequentially ordered installments in the Ur III administration supports the hypothesis that many Ur III texts may have been written post factum, and suggests that such texts were produced anywhere from a few days up to several weeks after the economic transactions they document would have occurred.
Verba Dicendi in Akkadian
Authors: Piccin Michela
Published: December 2022

Verba dicendi are among the most widespread lexemes in Indo-European cultures, reflecting the oral matrix of the milieu. Until now, it is not clear if the ancient Near Eastern cultures also had a predilection for these lexemes. To understand the importance and function of verba dicendi, they have to be studied in a wide range of texts of different types and from different periods. The focus of this analysis is to monitor the diachrony and synchrony of lexical and semantic nuances, as well as syntactic variations, along with quantitative analyses. The article is intended as a precursor to a more detailed study on verba dicendi, which will offer a linear treatment of the topic, and discuss collocations and other related lexemes in relation to direct speech.
Extispicy and Consensus Decision-Making in Ancient Mesopotamia
Authors: Daneshmand Parsa
Published: December 2022

This essay scrutinizes the relationship between the procedure of extispicy and the concept of decision-making in ancient Mesopotamian assemblies. The term ‘procedure of extispicy’ refers to consulting the gods for decisions and questions, observing organs of a sacrificial animal, recognizing and decoding omen features on the organs, and rendering a final answer. Given the explicitness of Mesopotamian texts, according to which extispicy is the outcome of the counsels of the gods in the divine assembly on a specific question, it follows that the features appearing on the sacrificial animal reflect the views of the gods. This corresponds to the characteristics of decision-making by assemblies and councils, which has been common at both the divine and human levels in Mesopotamia. This argument is reinforced by the fact that the final answer of extispicy, unlike some divinatory methods, which are based on numbers and mathematics, is determined by the largest possible percentage of binary decision-making processes (yes/no) reflecting the procedure of achieving a consensus decision through unanimity or super-majority. However, super-majority in extispicy could be affected by a veto sign, proving another parallel with the procedure of consensus decision-making.
Quotation as a Basis for Intertextuality in Sumerian Cult Lyric and City Laments
Authors: Zhang Jiarui
Published: December 2022

This short communication investigates the concept of intertextuality in Sumerian literary texts, by studying the use of quotations in cult lyric and so-called City Laments. These text genres exhibit a series of intertextual borrowings, and the aim of this study is to discuss some examples of the use of quotations in these texts, as one of the most basic and important features of intertextuality in Sumerian literature.
The King’s Spear: A Note on Bronze Weapons and Weapons Manufacturing in the Ur III Period
Authors: Dong Xiaobo
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on three texts from Ur dated to the 15th year of Ibbi-Suen’s reign. It investigates the production of a bronze weapon associated with the king (urudagag-si-sa2 zabar), enhancing our understanding of the metallurgical technology of the Ur III period. The study discusses the raw materials, the forging process, and the process of recycling the metals used in the weapon. The texts suggest a possible standardization of the production of bronze weapons by the Sumerians, while the recycling of bronze fragments reflects the specialization of the craftsmanship during the Ur III period.
12. Green Investments
Authors: De Vincenti Claudio
Published: December 2022

In Chapter 12, C. De Vincenti argues that the concrete implementation of the Next Generation EU strategy and the recent aggravation of the energy security question have brought a crucial issue to the fore: what is really meant by the Do No Significant Harm (DNSH) principle. Up to now, EU documents have adopted an extremely restrictive interpretation of the principle that hinders essential investments for the green transition and the diversification of energy supplies. In this chapter an alternative interpretation of the DNSH principle is proposed, which could transform it into an effective lever for the required fundamental investments.
Numerical Study of Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics Flow and Heat Transfer of Hybrid Nanofluid Induced by a Slendering Surface with Suction and Injection Effects
Authors: Yaseen Moh , Kumar Manoj , Rawat Sawan Kumar
Published: December 2022

Since the last two decades, most of the researchers have concentrated on the nanofluids boundary layer flow over a surface of even thickness or flat surface. This article deals with a mathematical model, which describe the hybrid nanofluid (SiO2–MoS2/water)
flow over a slendering surface (surface of uneven thickness). The novelty is to study the effects of natural convection and porous medium. The analysis of heat transfer is also accomplished and for the same purpose, the viscous dissipation, heat source/sink, ohmic heating and thermal radiation
effects are incorporated. The velocity slip and thermal slip boundary conditions with suction/injection effects are applied. Similarity transformations are utilized to change the prevailing PDEs to ODEs. Numerical investigation is performed to solve the equations. The MATLAB in built function
“bvp4c solver” is employed for finding the solution. The velocity and temperature profile were found higher for the injection case in comparison to the suction. The effect of power law index parameter and unsteadiness parameter is to aid the flow velocity. The heat generation parameters,
Eckert number and volume fraction of nanoparticles act to augment the flow temperature. For the suction and injection case, the radiation parameter has positive correlation with the heat transfer rate.
Nonprecipitating Shallow Cumulus Convection Is Intrinsically Unstable to Length Scale Growth
Authors: Janssens Martin , de Arellano Jordi Vilà-Guerau , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , de Roode Stephan R. , Siebesma A. Pier , Glassmeier Franziska
Published: December 2022

Condensation in cumulus clouds plays a key role in structuring the mean, nonprecipitating trade wind boundary layer. Here, we summarize how this role also explains the spontaneous growth of mesoscale [>O(10) km] fluctuations in clouds and moisture around the mean state in a minimal-physics, large-eddy simulation of the undisturbed period during BOMEX on a large [O(100) km] domain. Small, spatial anomalies in condensation in cumulus clouds, which form on top of small moisture fluctuations, power circulations that transport moisture, but not heat, from dry to moist regions, and thus reinforce the condensation anomaly. We frame this positive feedback as a linear instability in mesoscale moisture fluctuations, whose time scale depends only on (i) a vertical velocity scale and (ii) the mean environment’s vertical structure. In our minimal-physics setting, we show both ingredients are provided by the shallow cumulus convection itself: it is intrinsically unstable to length scale growth. The upshot is that energy released by clouds at kilometer scales may play a more profound and direct role in shaping the mesoscale trade wind environment than is generally appreciated, motivating further research into the mechanism’s relevance.
Quantifying the Role of Internal Climate Variability and Its Translation from Climate Variables to Hydropower Production at Basin Scale in India
Authors: Upadhyay Divya , Dixit Sudhanshu , Bhatia Udit
Published: December 2022

Quantifying uncertainties in estimating future hydropower production directly or indirectly affects India’s energy security, planning, and management. The chaotic and nonlinear nature of atmospheric processes results in considerable internal climate variability (ICV) for future projections of climate variables. Multiple initial condition ensembles (MICE) and multimodel ensembles (MME) are often used to analyze the role of ICV and model uncertainty in precipitation and temperature. However, there are limited studies focusing on quantifying the role of internal variability on impact variables, including hydropower production. In this study, we analyze the role of ICV and model uncertainty on three prominent hydropower plants in India using MICE of EC-Earth3 and MME from CMIP6. We estimate the streamflow projections for all ensemble members using the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrological model. We estimate maximum hydropower production generated using monthly release and hydraulic head available at the reservoir. We also analyzed the role of bias correction in hydropower production. The results show that ICV plays a significant role in estimating streamflow and hydropower potential for monsoon and throughout the year, respectively. Model uncertainty contributes more to total uncertainty than ICV in estimating the streamflow and potential hydropower. However, ICV is increasing toward the far term (2075–2100). We also show that bias correction does not preserve ICV in estimating the streamflow. Although there is an increase in uncertainty for estimated streamflow, mean hydropower shows a decrease toward the far term for February–May, more prominent for MICE than MME. The results suggest a need to incorporate uncertainty due to internal variability for addressing power security in changing climate scenarios.
Feasibility and Caregiver Receptiveness to Anxiety Screening in Pediatric Cardiology Clinic: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chandrasekar Hamsika , Sinclair-McBride Keneisha , Lee Erica H. , Iqbal Mudassera B. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Barkas Ioanna , Newburger Jane W. , DeMaso David R. , Saleeb Susan F.
Published: December 2022

Children with chronic medical conditions, including heart disease, have increased susceptibility to behavioral health concerns. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and parental opinion of anxiety screening in pediatric cardiology clinic. The PROMIS Pediatric Anxiety v2.0 Short Form 8a (PA2-S8) questionnaire was administered to 48 patients presenting to pediatric cardiology clinic for follow-up care. Parents/caregivers were asked their opinion on anxiety screening in cardiology clinic. The survey was completed by 47 out of 48 participants (median age 13, range 9-17). Fourteen (30%) participants had scores suggestive of increased anxiety symptomatology. No trends were identified between PA2-S8 score and age at diagnosis ( P = .13), age at survey administration ( P = .28), number of lifetime procedures ( P = .89), number of noncardiac specialists ( P = .13), or underlying cardiac diagnoses ( P = .55). Most families (76%) were in favor of the screening effort. This study suggests that anxiety screening in cardiology clinic is both feasible and well-received by families.
The Evolving Impact of Robots on Jobs
Authors: Chung John , Lee Yong Suk
Published: December 2022

The authors examine the impact of industrial robots on US labor markets between 2005 and 2016. Because some industries adopt robots more intensively, growth in robot stocks more heavily affect local labor markets with larger employment shares in those industries. This robot exposure variation occurs across 722 commuting zones in the continental United States. Analyzing the five-year intervals within this period, the authors find that robot exposure reduces employment in the earlier periods but augments employment in the more recent periods. Similarly, the effect of robot exposure on the local wage is initially negative but gradually rebounds and turns positive in more recent years. The evolving influence of robots is primarily driven by the automotive industry, in which digitization and automation have not only increased labor productivity but also created new tasks. Findings show evidence of spillover effects on other industries within and outside of manufacturing, which may be explained by input-output linkages and aggregate demand effects.
What does CGIAR do to address climate change? Perspectives from a decade of science on climate change adaptation and mitigation
Authors: Nowak Andreea C. , Cramer Laura , Schuetz Tonya , Poulos Allison , Chang Yuling , Thornton Philip
Published: December 2022

CGIAR consists of a network of international publicly funded agricultural research for development institutes. Over five decades it has worked to increase food abundance, reduce hunger and poverty rates, and lower the geographical footprint of agriculture in lower- and middle-income countries. CGIAR's first formalised research program on climate change was set up in 2009. Here we report on an analysis of 300 outcomes generated over the lifetime of this program, which ran until 2021. Outcomes were characterised in relation to the climate objective, geography, thematic scope, and contribution to global goals. More than half of the outcomes analysed were related to policies for agriculture development under climate change. Twenty-six percent of outcomes related to climate, information and financial services, and 22 percent were related to organisational programming. Most outcomes analysed were at an early stage of maturity, focusing on design and planning stages of policies, strategies, and investments. Fewer than five percent of outcomes had evidence of impact at scale. Outcomes were facilitated by a wide network of partners and contributed to more than ten Sustainable Development Goals. The results of the analysis show the value of outcome-oriented science in being able to harness diversity, balance strategy with opportunism, plan flexibly, work across multiple vulnerability contexts, and allocate resources towards outcomes. These elements have played a significant role in fostering change across contexts, in adjusting research to emerging needs and context changes, in creating conditions for spillovers, and in ensuring global relevance. To transform the food system, the research for development agenda needs to be bolder. It will require more outcomes of various types, achieved through diverse partnerships, spanning a diversity of geographies, vulnerable contexts, and priorities. Significant and intentional investments in strengthening monitoring, evaluation, reporting and learning capacity will be required to further realize the potential for outcome-oriented research.
Psychometric Validation of the Brief-COPE Scale in a Sample of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Brief Report
Authors: Iwanaga Kanako , Rumrill Phillip , Reid Christine A. , Thomas Allison , Wagner Christopher C.
Published: December 2022

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) must often cope with high levels of stress, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The Brief-COPE is commonly used to assess how individuals use different coping strategies to deal with stressful life situations, but its application with people who have MS has not been validated. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement structure and psychometric properties of the Brief-COPE in a sample of community-dwelling adults with multiple sclerosis, using exploratory factor analysis. Results revealed a three-factor measurement structure: (a) flexible coping, (b) succumbing coping, and (c) substance use coping. Correlations among these three factors and external measures of related concepts provided evidence of the validity of these factors. The Brief-COPE can be incorporated in rehabilitation counseling, mental health, and health care settings to assess coping strategies, assisting people with MS with managing stressful life events during and after the pandemic. Rehabilitation and health researchers can use it to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions aimed to improve coping abilities and mental health of people with MS.
A study Comparing Text-Based WhatsApp and Face-to-Face Interviews to Understand Early School Dropout
Authors: Desai Rachana , Magan Ansuyah , Maposa Innocent , Ruiter Robert , Rochat Tamsen , Mercken Liesbeth
Published: December 2022

The majority of adolescents communicate via text-based messaging, particularly through WhatsApp, a widely used free communication application. Written content on WhatsApp has the methodological potential to provide rich qualitative interview data. This study compares data collected using text-based WhatsApp versus face-to-face interview techniques. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of early school leavers in South Africa, using WhatsApp ( n = 9) and face-to-face ( n = 27) followed by a focus group discussion with interviewers. Mann–Whitney U and chi-squared were used to assess associations. WhatsApp text-based interviews took significantly longer to complete but were comparable to face-to-face on the number of themes generated. Rapport, measured as the number of statements from the interviewer aimed at creating a sense of affinity, comfort, and distress reduction, differed between interview conditions. It may be methodologically appropriate for researchers to offer participants a choice of a preferred method of interviewing or consider pragmatic blended approaches of face-to-face and WhatsApp.
U.S. Hegemony in Latin America during an Age of Challenges: The Perception of Threats by the U.S Southern Command
Authors: Peres Milani Lívia
Published: December 2022

U.S. hegemony in Latin America is being challenged by the economic presence of foreign powers, such as China, in the region. Much of the literature that discusses this phenomenon deals with the economic and political dimensions of Chinese expansion and the U.S. reaction. Another aspect of this phenomenon is the effects of these changes on the way threats are perceived by U.S. military personnel operating in Latin America. An analysis of declassified documents produced by U.S. Southern Command during the Trump and Biden administrations identifies the threats and challenges perceived by military officials during these two administrations.

A hegemonia estadunidense na América Latina vem sendo contestada em razão dos desafios representados pela presença econômica de potências estrangeiras, como a China, na região. Grande parte da literatura que discute este fenômeno tem analisado as dimensões econômicas e políticas da expansão chinesa e as reações estadounidenses. Outro aspecto desse fenômeno são os efeitos destas mudanças na maneira como as ameaças são percibidas pelos militares estadunidenses que operam na América Latina. uma análise dos documentos desclassificados produzidos pelo U.S Southern Command (Comando Sul) durante os governos Trump e Biden, identificando os desafios e ameaças que foram percebidos pelos militares durante estes dois governos.
Naming and Blaming: Civic Shame and Slum Journalism in Late Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century Manchester and Birmingham
Authors: O’Reilly Carole
Published: December 2022

This study analyzes slum journalism in the British provincial press and reveals that it continued to be a major theme until well into the twentieth century. Instead of the rather moralizing reporting of the earlier nineteenth century, this journalism used the device of civic shame to pressurize local government into taking action on slums as a matter of public health. It examines the discourses that resulted from civic shame in two newspapers—the Manchester Guardian and the Birmingham Daily Gazette—and challenges the idea that interest in reporting local political matters decreased during this period. Civic shame is shown to work in two ways—offering detailed vignettes of aspects of slum life based on personal observation and showing (some) slum-dwellers as worthy of better living conditions, and blaming the local authority directly for failing to address the problem. In this way, later slum writing sought to appeal directly to the reader not just to impart facts but to stimulate empathy and to develop a desire for action. Such in-depth studies of a particular social issue sought to address the local authorities directly, to apportion blame and to use slum writing as a tool for social action.
Lordosis in Humans
Authors: Semchenko Ayten Yesim , Senveli Zeynep , Forrest Mitchell R. L. , Flores Jonathon , Fiala Vojtěch , Al-Shawaf Laith , Buss David M. , Lewis David M. G.
Published: December 2022

Despite progress in attractiveness research, we have yet to identify many fitness-relevant cues in the human phenotype or humans’ psychology for responding to them. Here, we test hypotheses about psychological systems that may have evolved to process distinct cues in the female lumbar region. The Fetal Load Hypothesis proposes a male preference for a morphological cue: lumbar curvature. The Lordosis Detection Hypothesis posits context-dependent male attraction to a movement: lordosis behavior. In two studies (Study 1 N: 102, Study 2 N: 231), we presented men with animated female characters that varied in their lumbar curvature and back arching (i.e., lordosis behavior). Irrespective of mating context, men’s attraction increased as lumbar curvature approached the hypothesized optimum. By contrast, men experienced greater attraction to lordosis behavior in short-term than long-term mating contexts. These findings support both the Lordosis Detection and Fetal Load Hypotheses. Discussion focuses on the meaning of human lordosis and the importance of dynamic stimuli in attractiveness research.
Risk of recurrent thromboembolic events according to treatment duration in patients with superficial vein thrombosis treated with intermediate dose of tinzaparin
Authors: Karathanos Christos , Kakkos Stavros K , Georgiadis Georgios , Ioannou Christos , Vasdekis Spyros , Chatzis Dimitrios , Latzios Panagiotis , Giannoukas Athanasios D ,   On Behalf of the SeVEN Collaborators
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence at 3 months in relation to treatment duration, according to baseline risk factor profiles, in patients with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) treated with intermediate dose of tinzaparin.

Methods

We performed a pooled analysis on individual data from two prospective studies designed to assess the efficacy and safety of tinzaparin in intermediate dose (131 IU/kg) in patients with SVT. Treatment duration was at the treating physician’s discretion. All patients were followed up for at least 3 months.

Results

A total of 956 patients (65% female, mean age 58.7 ± 13.7 years) were included. The median treatment duration was 30 days (range, 3–200 days). History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), location of SVT above the knee, and palpable induration were the only independent factors associated with prolonged treatment duration. During follow-up, 95.9% of patients were event free. Outcomes-related adverse events occurred in 39 (4.1%) patients and their median duration of treatment was 33 days (range, 7–200 days). Recurrent VTE events occurred in 33 patients, including 22 cases of SVT recurrence, 8 cases of DVT, and 1 case of pulmonary embolism. The median time to the event was 29 (6–113) days. Recurrent thromboembolic events were not related to treatment duration as occurred in 17 patients (51.5%) treated up to 30 days and in 16 patients (48.8%) received prolong treatment ( p = .46). Length of thrombus at the index event was significantly associated with higher risk for VTE recurrence.

Conclusions

Intermediate dose of tinzaparin for 30 days is an effective and safe treatment for SVT. The risk of recurrent VTE events may be higher in patients with greater amount of thrombus at index event.
Role and response of primary healthcare services in community end-of-life care during COVID-19: Qualitative study and recommendations for primary palliative care delivery
Authors: Turner Nicola , Wahid Aysha , Oliver Phillip , Gardiner Clare , Chapman Helen , Khan (PPI co-author) Dena , Boyd Kirsty , Dale Jeremy , Barclay Stephen , Mayland Catriona R , Mitchell Sarah J
Published: December 2022

Background:

The need for end-of-life care in the community increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary care services, including general practitioners and community nurses, had a critical role in providing such care, rapidly changing their working practices to meet demand. Little is known about primary care responses to a major change in place of care towards the end of life, or the implications for future end-of-life care services.

Aim:

To gather general practitioner and community nurse perspectives on factors that facilitated community end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to use this to develop recommendations to improve future delivery of end-of-life care.

Design:

Qualitative interview study with thematic analysis, followed by refinement of themes and recommendations in consultation with an expert advisory group.

Participants:

General practitioners ( n = 8) and community nurses ( n = 17) working in primary care in the UK.

Results:

General practitioner and community nurse perspectives on factors critical to sustaining community end-of-life care were identified under three themes: (1) partnership working is key, (2) care planning for end-of-life needs improvement, and (3) importance of the physical presence of primary care professionals. Drawing on participants’ experiences and behaviour change theory, recommendations are proposed to improve end-of-life care in primary care.

Conclusions:

To sustain and embed positive change, an increased policy focus on primary care in end-of-life care is required. Targeted interventions developed during COVID-19, including online team meetings and education, new prescribing systems and unified guidance, could increase capacity and capability of the primary care workforce to deliver community end-of-life care.
Qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement associated with unstable intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Guizhi , Luo Ning , Deng Yuhui
Published: December 2022

Background

Unstable intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are more likely to rupture and cause serious consequences. Evaluating the stability of unruptured aneurysms facilitates clinical management stratification.

Purpose

To compare and evaluate the predictive performance of qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement (aneurysmal wall enhancement [AWE], circumferential aneurysmal wall enhancement [CAWE], wall enhancement ratio [WER]) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the vessel wall to predict the presence of UIA.

Material and Methods

Original articles describing the depiction of aneurysmal wall enhancement on 3.0-T or 1.5-T high-resolution vessel wall imaging were retrieved from the Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases up to 15 February 2022. The combined sensitivity, specificity, and summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated, and meta-regression analysis was performed.

Results

In total, 12 original articles involving 1619 intracranial aneurysms (IAs) were included. The combined sensitivity and specificity of AWE, CAWE, and WER were 91% and 67%, 59% and 83%, and 86% and 75%, respectively, in the diagnosis of UIA. The summary AUC values of these items were, in order from high to low, 0.88 (WER), 0.84 (AWE), and 0.77 (CAWE), and the differences among them were significant ( z = 2.976, P = 0.003 and z = 2.950, P = 0.003). The meta-regression analysis identified average size and 2D/3D magnetic imaging technology as possible sources of heterogeneity.

Conclusion

Qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement showed moderate accuracy in predicting UIA, and WER had the highest accuracy among them in this meta-analysis. Two covariates were found to explain the heterogeneity.
Effects of an Explicit Decoding Plus Frequency Building Intervention on Word Reading Fluency for Students With Disabilities in an Urban Elementary Setting
Authors: Stocker James D. , Kubina Richard M. , Crumpler Emily R. , Kozloff Martin , Swanton-Derushia Erica
Published: December 2022

Students with disabilities in upper elementary grades who read well below grade level often require one-to-one intensive intervention. The following study examines the effects of a combined explicit decoding plus frequency building intervention on consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC) word reading fluency. Participants were two third-grade students and one fourth-grade student receiving special education services from an urban U.S. elementary school. Delivered during the intervention block, the students practiced 5 to 8 min per day over 8 to 9 days per word list. The multiple probe design demonstrated an experimental effect for all three participants, with significant gains revealed on individual word lists, curriculum-based assessment, and curriculum-based measurement.
Gender Bias in Stem Hiring: Implicit In-Group Gender Favoritism Among Men Managers
Authors: Friedmann Enav , Efrat-Treister Dorit
Published: December 2022

Women’s underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is related to the hierarchical social structure of gender relations in these fields. However, interventions to increase women’s participation have focused primarily on women’s interests rather than on STEM managers’ hiring practices. In this research, we examine STEM hiring practices, explore the implicit bias in criteria used by STEM managers, and suggest possible corrective solutions. Using an experimental design with 213 men and women STEM managers, we show that when evaluating a female candidate, women and men STEM managers apply differential selection criteria, with men demonstrating implicit in-group gender favoritism in their hiring decisions. Specifically, the ability to work long hours was a more important criterion for male managers when evaluating a female candidate, forming an implicit gender bias, whereas female managers gave greater importance to problem-solving ability, a more gender-equal criterion. Adding a personal note to the curriculum vitae stating that the candidate had hired a full-time nanny was useful in decreasing the importance of the ability to work long hours criterion for men managers. We suggest individual and institutional interventions to reduce this bias, as a path to increasing women’s participation in STEM.
Temperature-Dependent modelling of tension, in-Plane shear, and bending behaviour in non-isothermal thermo-Stamping process simulation of unidirectional UHMWPE fibre reinforced thermoplastic TPU composites
Authors: Chen Hongda , Wang Jihui , Colin David , Li Shuxin , Drechsler Klaus
Published: December 2022

This study proposes a macroscopic finite element modelling and simulation approach considering the temperature dependency of both in-plane membrane and out-of-plane bending behaviours. This approach enables the investigation of the effect of the deformation mechanisms on the quality of the formed thermoplastic composite parts during the thermo-forming process. The temperature-dependent constitutive model of the in-plane tensional behaviour is considered linear, whereas the in-plane shear stiffness is modelled based on the nonlinear hypoelastic constitutive equation. The out-of-plane bending behaviour is considered by decoupling the membrane and bending method. A numerical simulation strategy is developed by implementing the ABAQUS software via a VUMAT subroutine. Moreover, a modified method is introduced for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the wrinkling intensity generated in the forming process. The validated strategy is used to investigate the influences of the various temperature conditions of the forming process and the underlying mechanisms to optimise the thermo-stamping process.
Identity formations in archived childhood memories of nature in Sweden
Authors: Sjögren Hanna
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes how the relation between childhood and nature contributes to the formation of identities though childhood memories written for archival purposes. Archival research lets us consider how written childhood memories of nature are formed, producing social identities through practices of archiving. The archived memories of 50 people in Sweden are analyzed, concentrating on how they described their childhood memories of nature. Understanding memories as performances of identity can give important answers as to how the idealized relationship between nature and childhood is constructed in the specific context of archivation.
Comparative exergetic sustainability analysis of subcritical and supercritical organic Rankine cycle plants for a waste heat recovery application
Authors: Oyekale Joseph , Okewale Akindele
Published: December 2022

This study was aimed at comparing the exergetic sustainability and exergoenvironmental performance of subcritical (SUBORC) and supercritical (SUPERORC) organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants for waste heat recovery from a marine vessel engine. A liquid-gas shell-and-tube heat exchanger was employed to recover the engine exhaust gases’ thermal energy. The hot exhaust gases flowing through the gas side heat the Therminol 66 heat transfer fluid employed on the liquid side, which in turn heats the ORC working fluid (R600a). Zero-dimensional mass, energy, and exergy balance equations defined by the Laws of Thermodynamics were implemented in MATLAB for the design of the two ORC configurations. Results showed that the evaporator and the preheater are the most sustainable components with exergetic sustainability index (ESI) values of 7.7 and 39.4 for the SUBORC and the SUPERORC, respectively. Additionally, the condenser was obtained in both cases with the worst environmental performance with exergoenvironmental impact of electricity (EIE) values of 12 and 13 eco-indicator points per 1 MW of electricity produced by the SUBORC and the SUPERORC, respectively. Moreover, results showed that a switch from the SUBORC to the SUPERORC would have an insignificant effect on the ESI at the system level; it would reduce the recoverability ratio by about 4%, from about 0.47 in the SUBORC to around 0.45 in the SUPERORC; and it would reduce the EIE by 1.4 Pt/MW. In sum, a supercritical ORC system would exhibit better exergetic environmental sustainability than a subcritical one for waste heat recovery from a marine vessel engine.