bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects and Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoids from Stems and
Leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Promoting Neurogenesis and Improving
Memory Impairment Mediated by the BDNF-ERK-CREB Signaling
Pathway in Rats
Authors: Shengkai Ding , Qianqian Liu , Yazhen Shang
Published: August 2021

Background:

It is well known that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease
accompanied by memory impairment and major pathological changes of the extracellular Senile
Plaque (SP) and intracellular Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs). However, many pieces of evidence
indicate that neurogenesis disorders are also regarded as a new opinion in AD.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the effects and regulatory mechanism of flavonoids from
the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in promoting neurogenesis and improving
memory impairment mediated by BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling pathway in rats.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly injected with amyloid-beta protein 25-35
(Aβ25-35) in combination with Aluminum Trichloride (Alcl3) and recombinant human transforming
growth factor-β1 (RHTGF-β1) (composited Aβ), to establish an AD model. Morris water maze was
used to screen AD model rats and measure the learning and memory ability of model rats. The expression
of Ki67 protein, which is involved in cell neurogenesis, in the hippocampal gyrus of rats
was detected by the immunohistochemical method. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Grb2,
SOS1, Ras, ERK, and BDNF, in the BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling pathway, in the hippocampus
and cerebral cortex regions of rats were assayed by the Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and
Western blotting methods, respectively.

Results:

Intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ could induce rats’ memory impairment,
decrease the protein expression of Ki67 in the hippocampal gyrus, and increase the mRNA
and protein expression levels of Grb2, SOS1, Ras, ERK, and BDNF in the hippocampus and cerebral
cortex. However, SSF could significantly ameliorate rats’ memory impairment induced by
composited Aβ, lower the Ki67 protein expression in the hippocampal gyrus, and regulate the abnormal
mRNA and protein expression levels of Grb2, SOS1, Ras, ERK and BDNF in the hippocampus
and cerebral cortex regions of rat brains.

Conclusion:

Composited Aβ induced memory impairment, decreased neurogenesis and initiated
the abnormal mRNA and protein expressions of Grb2, SOS1, Ras, ERK, and BDNF in the BDNF-
ERK-CREB signaling pathway. The effects of SSF in promoting neurogenesis and improving
memory impairment may be related to the regulation of the abnormal expressions of Grb2, SOS1,
Ras, ERK, and BDNF molecules in the BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling pathway.
Flavonoids from Stems and Leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Regulate
the Brain Tau Hyperphosphorylation at Multiple Sites Induced by
Composited Aβ in Rats
Authors: Shengkai Ding , Yazhen Shang
Published: August 2021

Background:

Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs), formed by hyperphosphorylation of Tau
protein in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), arethe main pathomechanisms of neuronal degeneration,
which indicate a sign of brain disorder. NFTs are positively correlated with the degree of cognitive
impairment in AD.

Objective:

The objective of this study isto investigate the effect of flavonoids from the stems and
leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF) on the hyperphosphorylated expression levels at
multiple sites of Tau protein induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35 (Aβ25-35) in combination with aluminum
trichloride (AlCl3) and recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1(RHTGF-β1)
(composited Aβ) in rats.

Methods:

The AD rat models were established by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 and
AlCl3 combined with RHTGF-β1. On day 45, after the operation, the Morris water maze test was
conducted to screen the memory impairment of AD models. The successful model rats were randomly
divided into the model group and the three-dose drug group. The drug group rats were orally
administered SSF daily for 38 days. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression
of P-Tau (Thr 181), P-Tau (Thr 217), P-Tau (Thr 231), P-Tau (Ser 199), P-Tau (Ser 235), P--
Tau (Ser 396), and P-Tau (Ser 404) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.

Results:

Compared with the sham group, the expression of P-Tau (Thr 181), P-Tau (Thr 217), P--
Tau (Thr 231), P-Tau (Ser 199), P-Tau (Ser 235), P-Tau (Ser 396), and P-Tau (Ser 404)was significantly
increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the model group (P < 0.01). However,
the three doses of SSF, i.e., 35, 70, and 140 mg/kg, regulated the expression of phosphorylated Tau
proteinto varying degrees in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of AD model rats (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

SSF could significantly reduce the protein expression levels of P-Tau (Thr 181), PTau
(Thr 217), P-Tau (Thr 231), P-Tau (Ser 199), P-Tau (Ser 235), P-Tau (Ser 396), and P-Tau (Ser
404), induced by the intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ, in rats’ brain. These results
indicated that the neuro-protection and the improvement in the impaired memory of rats by
SSF were due to the inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein at multiple sites in rats'
brain.
Erlotinib Hydrochloride Novel Drug Delivery Systems: A Mini Review Unravelling the Role of Micro- and Nanocarriers
Authors: Taiwade Chaitali , Fulfager Aditi , Bhargave Hardik , Soni Govind , Yadav Khushwant
Published: August 2021

:

Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and it can treat tumors, such as pancreatic and locally
advanced lung cancer or metastatic cancer. The traditional formulation of erlotinib currently
available is an oral delivery type that presents serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity, skin rashes,
gastrointestinal disturbance, renal dysfunction, drug resistance and hematological symptoms.
Besides this, other disadvantages of erlotinib provided mostly by oral administration are the comprehensive
metabolism, low bioavailability, poor solubility and off-target impact. Overcoming
such unfavorable attributes of the medication, innovative medication delivery mechanisms like
nanocapsules, liposomes, microspheres, microparticles solid lipid nanoparticles, nanosponge, and
nanoparticles have been studied that have really shown their lead over traditional formulations.
This article summarizes the novel erlotinib drug delivery systems to boost its clinical efficacy and
reduce systemic toxicity. Novel formulations of erlotinib will offer positive outcomes in cancer
therapy and will play an important part in improving the drug's therapeutic potential.
AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION AND IMMUNOMODULATION IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
Authors: Uriel Ayllón Álvarez David , Neri Calixto Mariana , Humberto Aparicio Albarrán César , Mendieta Zerón Hugo
Published: August 2021

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare chronic degenerative disease. The only approved treatment, Riluzole, is not available and is not economically affordable for most patients. Objective: To report here a case of a pregnant woman 27 years of age with ALS, confirmed through electromyography. After spontaneous abortion and 88 days without clinical improvement and dependent on mechanical ventilation, treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation and immunomodulation was decided upon for the patient. Methods: The patient received a daily subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of 300 μg human Granulocyte-Colony stimulating factor for a period of 3 days. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by leukapheresis. These cells were self-transplanted to the patient 5 cc via lumbar puncture and 5 cc intravenously (i.v.). The immunomodulation treatment was based on the surface-fixation method. Results: The patient remained hospitalized for an additional 249 days, at which time when she was contrareferred to a secondary-level health institution. Conclusion: A treatment scheme combining ASCT (Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation) and immunomodulation, based on the surface-fixation method, could be an option to get a large period of no progression stage in ALS.
Complete recovery of right forebrain signs from presumptive cerebrovascular origin in an eight-year-old sport horse
Authors: Neuckermans Z. , Rijckaert J. , Kromhout K. , Hoegaerts M. , Van Loon G.
Published: August 2021

In this case report, an eight-year-old Warmblood gelding is described with a presumptive vascular event resulting in severe head turn and circling to the right. The horse recovered completely from the clinical signs. Pathologies that cause asymmetrical forebrain signs in horses could be excluded. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a flow difference in the venous sinuses that was presumably caused by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The horse was treated with prednisolone, antibiotics, vitamin E and B1 and acetylsalicylic acid. He was represented one month after the initial clinical signs and was clinically and neurologically normal. The horse subsequently returned to his previous level of jumping.
Vraag & Antwoord
Authors: Cox E. , Devriendt B. , Maes D.
Published: August 2021

Vaccinatie van zeugen

Economisch belang van pneumonie en pleuritis bij slachtvarkens
Block Batik from Natural Material of Soil on Fabric Dyes
Authors: Samin Mohd Azhar , Ramli Nor Azrin , Legino Rafeah
Published: August 2021

Natural elements of soil are a potential medium for block batik. The local batik producers usually use synthetic dyes, which contributed pollute the environment. There is a need for more natural dye options in block batik fabric dyeing. The practices effectively reduce waste emissions. This option will support an alternative to the batik industries, which is the current issues dealing with environmental challenges that sparked this project. This study employs an experimental textile approach. This study aims to identify soil types that can be used as colourants on fabrics suitable for batik block printing. This study will introduce eco-friendly dyes to the local batik industry.
Keywords: Batik; Block; Dyes; Fabric; Natural material; Soil
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2934
Digital Technology Tools to Examine Patient Adherence to a Prescription-Only Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Therapy To Mitigate Cardiovascular Risk: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study and Preliminary Demographic Analysis
Authors: Arutyunov Gregory P , Arutyunov Alexander G , Ageev Fail T , Fofanova Tatiana V
Published: August 2021

Background

Sustained adherence and persistence with prescription medications is considered essential to achieve maximal treatment benefit for patients with major chronic, noncommunicable diseases such as hyperlipidemia and lipid-associated cardiovascular disease. It is widely documented, however, that many patients with these conditions have poor long-term adherence to their treatments. The population of Russia is affected by poor adherence in the same ways as populations elsewhere and continues to have high rates of cardiovascular disease.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine patient adherence to a prescription-only preparation of highly purified omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (1.2 to 1 eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic ratio, 90% purity) in a large sample of patients at risk for cardiovascular diseases using digital technology to monitor patient behavior and as an outreach facility for patient education and engagement.

Methods

We conducted a 6-month prospective observational study (DIAPAsOn) at >100 centers in the Russian Federation. A bespoke electronic data capture and patient engagement system were developed with a well-established Russian technology supplier that enables information obtained during clinic visits to be supplemented by remote patient self-reporting. Other aspects of the program included raising patients' awareness about their condition via educational materials available in personal patient accounts in the electronic system.

Results

From an initial cohort of 3000 patients, a safety population of 2572 patients (age: mean 60 years) with an equal proportion of men and women has been characterized. There was widespread concomitant cardiovascular pathology and commensurate use of multiple classes of cardiovascular medication, notably lipid-modifying and antihypertensive drugs. The program was completed by 1975 patients, of whom 780 were prescribed highly purified omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction and 1195 were prescribed highly purified omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements for hypertriglyceridemia. Data collection and analysis have been completed.

Conclusions

DIAPAsOn will provide insights into patient adherence with prescription-grade omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy and perspectives on the role of mobile technology in monitoring and encouraging adherence to therapy.
Patient-Level Cancer Prediction Models From a Nationwide Patient Cohort: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Lee Eunsaem , Jung Se Young , Hwang Hyung Ju , Jung Jaewoo
Published: August 2021

Background

Nationwide population-based cohorts provide a new opportunity to build automated risk prediction models at the patient level, and claim data are one of the more useful resources to this end. To avoid unnecessary diagnostic intervention after cancer screening tests, patient-level prediction models should be developed.

Objective

We aimed to develop cancer prediction models using nationwide claim databases with machine learning algorithms, which are explainable and easily applicable in real-world environments.

Methods

As source data, we used the Korean National Insurance System Database. Every Korean in ≥40 years old undergoes a national health checkup every 2 years. We gathered all variables from the database including demographic information, basic laboratory values, anthropometric values, and previous medical history. We applied conventional logistic regression methods, light gradient boosting methods, neural networks, survival analysis, and one-class embedding classifier methods to effectively analyze high dimension data based on deep learning–based anomaly detection. Performance was measured with area under the curve and area under precision recall curve. We validated our models externally with a health checkup database from a tertiary hospital.

Results

The one-class embedding classifier model received the highest area under the curve scores with values of 0.868, 0.849, 0.798, 0.746, 0.800, 0.749, and 0.790 for liver, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, breast, and cervical cancers, respectively. For area under precision recall curve, the light gradient boosting models had the highest score with values of 0.383, 0.401, 0.387, 0.300, 0.385, 0.357, and 0.296 for liver, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, breast, and cervical cancers, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results show that it is possible to easily develop applicable cancer prediction models with nationwide claim data using machine learning. The 7 models showed acceptable performances and explainability, and thus can be distributed easily in real-world environments.
Advancing Intersectional Discrimination Measures for Health Disparities Research: Protocol for a Bilingual Mixed Methods Measurement Study
Authors: Scheim Ayden I , Bauer Greta R , Bastos João L , Poteat Tonia
Published: August 2021

Background

Guided by intersectionality frameworks, researchers have documented health disparities at the intersection of multiple axes of social status and position, particularly race and ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. To advance from identifying to intervening in such intersectional health disparities, studies that examine the underlying mechanisms are required. Although much research demonstrates the negative health impacts of perceived discrimination along single axes, quantitative approaches to assessing the role of discrimination in generating intersectional health disparities remain in their infancy. Members of our team recently introduced the Intersectional Discrimination Index (InDI) to address this gap. The InDI comprises three measures of enacted (day-to-day and major) and anticipated discrimination. These attribution-free measures ask about experiences of mistreatment because of who you are. These measures show promise for intersectional health disparities research but require further validation across intersectional groups and languages. In addition, the proposal to remove attributions is controversial, and no direct comparison has ever been conducted.

Objective

This study aims to cognitively and psychometrically evaluate the InDI in English and Spanish and determine whether attributions should be included.

Methods

The study will draw on a preliminary validation data set and three original sequentially collected sources of data: qualitative cognitive interviews in English and Spanish with a sample purposively recruited across intersecting social status and position (gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and nativity); a Spanish quantitative survey (n=500; 250/500, 50% sexual and gender minorities); and an English quantitative survey (n=3000), with quota sampling by race and ethnicity (Black, Latino/a/x, and White), sexual or gender minority status, and gender.

Results

The study was funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities in May 2021, and data collection began in July 2021.

Conclusions

The key deliverables of the study will be bilingual measures of anticipated, day-to-day, and major discrimination validated for multiple health disparity populations using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/30987
Relationship Between Perceived Risks of Using mHealth Applications and the Intention to Use Them Among Older Adults in the Netherlands: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Klaver Nicky Sabine , van de Klundert Joris , van den Broek Roy Johannes Gerardus Maria , Askari Marjan
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Considering the increasing demand for health services by older people and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, digital health is commonly viewed to offer a pathway to provide safe and affordable health services for older adults, thus enabling self-management of their health while health care systems are struggling. However, several factors cause older people to be particularly reluctant to adopt digital health technologies such as mobile health (mHealth) tools. In addition to previously studied technology acceptance factors, those related to perceived risks of mHealth use (eg, leakage of sensitive information or receiving incorrect health recommendations) may further diminish mHealth adoption by older adults.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived risks of using mHealth applications and the intention to use these applications among older adults.

METHODS

We designed a cross-sectional study wherein a questionnaire was used to collect data from participants aged 65 years and older in the Netherlands. Perceived risk was divided into four constructs: privacy risk, performance risk, legal concern, and trust. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between these perceived risk constructs and the intention to use mHealth applications.

RESULTS

Linear regression per perceived risk factor showed that each of the four constructs is significantly associated with the intention to use mobile medical applications among older adults (adjusted for age, sex, education, and health status). Performance risk (β=–.266; P=<.001), legal concern (β=–.125; P=.007), and privacy risk (β=–.100; P=.03) were found to be negatively correlated to intention to use mHealth applications, whereas trust (β=.352; P=<.001) was found to be positively correlated to the intention to use mHealth applications.

CONCLUSIONS

Performance risk, legal concern, and privacy risk as perceived by older adults may substantially and significantly decrease their intention to use mHealth applications. Trust may significantly and positively affect this intention. Health care professionals, designers of mHealth applications, and policy makers can use these findings to diminish performance risks, and tailor campaigns and applications to address legal and privacy concerns and promote mHealth uptake and health care access for older adults, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Advancing Intersectional Discrimination Measures for Health Disparities Research: Protocol for a Bilingual Mixed Methods Measurement Study (Preprint)
Authors: Scheim Ayden I , Bauer Greta R , Bastos João L , Poteat Tonia
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Guided by intersectionality frameworks, researchers have documented health disparities at the intersection of multiple axes of social status and position, particularly race and ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. To advance from identifying to intervening in such intersectional health disparities, studies that examine the underlying mechanisms are required. Although much research demonstrates the negative health impacts of perceived discrimination along single axes, quantitative approaches to assessing the role of discrimination in generating intersectional health disparities remain in their infancy. Members of our team recently introduced the Intersectional Discrimination Index (InDI) to address this gap. The InDI comprises three measures of enacted (day-to-day and major) and anticipated discrimination. These attribution-free measures ask about experiences of mistreatment because of who you are. These measures show promise for intersectional health disparities research but require further validation across intersectional groups and languages. In addition, the proposal to remove attributions is controversial, and no direct comparison has ever been conducted.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to cognitively and psychometrically evaluate the InDI in English and Spanish and determine whether attributions should be included.

METHODS

The study will draw on a preliminary validation data set and three original sequentially collected sources of data: qualitative cognitive interviews in English and Spanish with a sample purposively recruited across intersecting social status and position (gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and nativity); a Spanish quantitative survey (n=500; 250/500, 50% sexual and gender minorities); and an English quantitative survey (n=3000), with quota sampling by race and ethnicity (Black, Latino/a/x, and White), sexual or gender minority status, and gender.

RESULTS

The study was funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities in May 2021, and data collection began in July 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The key deliverables of the study will be bilingual measures of anticipated, day-to-day, and major discrimination validated for multiple health disparity populations using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/30987
A Blueprint for Undergraduate Students to Work on Medical Cases (Preprint)
Authors: Mulkalwar Alhad
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

A case report is a detailed narrative that describes the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of a medical problem of an individual patient. They usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence and although they lie at the bottom of the hierarchy of the Evidence Based Medicine Pyramid, they still remain one of the cornerstones of medical progress and provide key additions to the existing medical literature. Unfortunately, abysmally few physicians-in-training receive a formal education regarding what constitutes a publishable case report. The article throws light on this aspect of medical education
A Novel Digital Self-management Intervention for Symptoms of Fatigue, Pain, and Urgency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Describing the Process of Development (Preprint)
Authors: Sweeney Louise , Windgassen Sula , Artom Micol , Norton Christine , Fawson Sophie , Moss-Morris Rona
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Empirical studies and systematic reviews have demonstrated the role of biological, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors in fatigue, pain, and urgency in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Behavioral management that addresses the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional factors offered alongside medical treatment is seldom available to people with IBD. Digital interventions provide a potentially scalable and cost-effective way of providing behavioral support to patients.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aimed to describe the process of developing a supported digital self-management intervention for fatigue, pain, and urgency in IBD using theory and evidence-based approaches and stakeholder input.

METHODS

The Medical Research Council framework for complex health interventions and a person-based approach were used to guide intervention development, consulting with 87 patients with IBD and 60 nurses. These frameworks informed the selection and use of a theoretical model that subsequently guided cognitive behaviorally based intervention content. They also guided the design of tailored digital intervention pathways for individuals with IBD that matched the predominant symptoms.

RESULTS

A transsymptomatic cognitive behavioral framework of symptom perpetuation was developed for the symptoms of fatigue, pain, and urgency in IBD. A logic model was used to define the intervention techniques. Patient feedback and qualitative interviews refined the website content and functionalities, including the use of visual aids, email reminders, and graphical tracking of symptoms. Nurse focus groups informed the volume and delivery model of the therapist facilitator support. Ratings of acceptability out of 10 following feasibility testing (31/87, 36%) demonstrated accessibility (scoring 9.43, SD 1.040), ease (scoring 8.07, SD 3.205), clarity, and the relevant tone of the intervention. The final intervention comprised 12 web-based sessions (8 core and 4 symptom-specific), with one 30-minute facilitator phone call following session 1 and subsequent on-site messaging.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of theory and integration of stakeholders’ views throughout informed the development of an evidence-based digital intervention for fatigue, pain, and urgency in IBD. This is the first web-based self-management intervention designed to address these multiple symptoms with the aim of improving the quality of life and reducing the symptom burden of IBD. The intervention is being tested in a large multicenter randomized controlled trial.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN71618461; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN71618461
From the Cochrane Library: Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema (Preprint)
Authors: Adelman Madeline , Sivesind Torunn , Dellavalle Robert
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, affecting 5% to 20% of people worldwide, with no current cure. While there are many available treatment options that help improve atopic eczema, patients in whom these treatments did not work or who fear their long-term effects may look to diet for solutions. Nutritional supplements are a vast and growing industry, and patients often turn to oral supplements as complementary or alternative treatment options for a variety of health conditions. Nutritional supplements are not required to prove efficacy or safety before becoming available to consumers, as they are regulated by the FDA as foods instead of drugs. Given their growing popularity and industry characteristics, it is important for physicians to be knowledgeable about these ingredients in order to counsel patients. A 2012 Cochrane review, “Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema” offers a comprehensive review of evidence regarding popular dietary supplements used in atopic eczema.
Recovery after Critical Illness and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Vijayan Anitha , Abdel-Rahman Emaad M. , Liu Kathleen D. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Agarwal Anupam , Okusa Mark D. , Cerda Jorge
Published: August 2021

AKI is a common complication in hospitalized and critically ill patients. Its incidence has steadily increased over the past decade. Whether transient or prolonged, AKI is an independent risk factor associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes, even if patients do not require KRT. Most patients with early AKI improve with conservative management; however, some will require dialysis for a few days, a few weeks, or even months. Approximately 10%–30% of AKI survivors may still need dialysis after hospital discharge. These patients have a higher associated risk of death, rehospitalization, recurrent AKI, and CKD, and a lower quality of life. Survivors of critical illness may also suffer from cognitive dysfunction, muscle weakness, prolonged ventilator dependence, malnutrition, infections, chronic pain, and poor wound healing. Collaboration and communication among nephrologists, primary care physicians, rehabilitation providers, physical therapists, nutritionists, nurses, pharmacists, and other members of the health care team are essential to create a holistic and patient-centric care plan for overall recovery. Integration of the patient and family members in health care decisions, and ongoing education throughout the process, are vital to improve patient well-being. From the nephrologist standpoint, assessing and promoting recovery of kidney function, and providing appropriate short- and long-term follow-up, are crucial to prevent rehospitalizations and to reduce complications. Return to baseline functional status is the ultimate goal for most patients, and dialysis independence is an important part of that goal. In this review, we seek to highlight the varying aspects and stages of recovery from AKI complicating critical illness, and propose viable strategies to promote recovery of kidney function and dialysis independence. We also emphasize the need for ongoing research and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Development of Antioxidant Rich Herbal Tea Bags
Authors: Pallavi Kumari
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The present study entitled “Development of antioxidant rich herbal tea bags” was conducted with the objective to develop herbal tea bag using different ingredients, to assess the sensory accessibility and antioxidant content of developed tea bag. Herbal tea is a commonly consumed beverage brewed from the leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, stems and roots of plants species rather than Camellia sinensis L., which has been widely used for health care and diseases prevention. The main benefit of tea bags is that they add convenience. It’s easy to pop a tea bag into a hot cup of water or to go mug and get on with the rest of the day. Antioxidant rich herbal tea bags were prepared by using four treatments T1 (Giloy 1.5gm, Ginger 0.5gm, Cloves 0.5gm, Cinnamon 0.5gm, Black pepper 0.5gm and Tulsi 0.5gm), T2 (Giloy 2.0gm, Ginger 0.5gm, Cloves 0.5gm, Cinnamon 0.5gm, Black pepper 0.5gm and Tulsi 0.5gm), T3 (Giloy 2.5gm, Ginger 0.5gm, Cloves 0.5gm, Cinnamon 0.5gm, Black pepper 0.5gm and Tulsi 0.5gm) and T4 (Giloy 3.0gm, Ginger 0.5gm, Cloves 0.5gm, Cinnamon 0.5gm, Black pepper 0.5gm and Tulsi 0.5gm). Organoleptic evaluation of the prepared product in relation to sensory attributes was carried out using the nine point hedonic scale score card. Antioxidants properties of developed tea bag were analyesd by DPPH Free Radical Scavenging method (Braca et al., 2001) and Total Phenol Content (TPC) by Folin-ciocalteu phenol method (Singleton and Rossi, 1999). All treatments were replicated three times and the data obtained during investigation were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and critical difference (C.D.) techniques. On the basis of sensory acceptability it was found that T3 was scored highest in terms of colour and appearance, consistency, flavor and taste and overall acceptability. DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of prepared antioxidant rich herbal tea bags for best treatment T3 was obtained 0.403 percent and 1.00mg/5g (per tea bag). The cost of the antioxidant rich herbal tea bags per 5g (per tea bag) of dry ingredients at the prevailing cost of the raw materials was highest in T1 (Rs. 6.52) followed by T2 (Rs. 6.27), T3 (Rs. 6.04) and T4 (Rs. 5.79). Giloy is recommended for preparation of different types of products to boost immunity and fight against free radicals and also enhances the efficacy of white blood cells and thus help to fight against infections and bacteria causing dangerous diseases. Keywords: Herbal tea, Antioxidant, Organoleptic evaluation, Cost evaluation
Favipiravir: A Critical Review of Pharmacology, Pre-Clinical Data, and Emerging Clinical Uses in COVID-19
Authors: Motule Anuja S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Since last two years, whole world is going through the pandemic situation of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19). It caused more than 43 lakhs deaths worldwide. COVID-19 outbreak all over the world has led the researchers and Scientists to develop drugs or vaccines to prevent the spreading of this virus. Due to the unavailabity of proper drug treatment, various veterinary drugs are trying in humans. It is one of such type of antiviral drug which was previously used in treatment of viral infection in animals and birds. In this article, we have tried to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based review of this drug in the context of the present pandemic to elucidate its role in the management of COVID-19. Keywords: Favipiravir; Pharmacology; COVID-19; Antiviral; Clinical trials.
Understanding the Adoption and Public Intention to Buy Electric Vehicles in India Using UTAUT
Authors: Patel Heet
Published: August 2021

Abstract: In this research an opinion of the citizens from India is carried out to get to know what do they really think of an electric vehicle over a conventional I.C. engine vehicle. To get an answer for that a survey questions is generated considering various parameters like maintenance, overall driving cost (fuel/charging), convenience to drive, pollution (noise/air), social trend, purchase intention, safety to the driver and passenger, boot carrying capacity, weight comparison, performance and mileage/range of the vehicle. The following mention parameters is converted into questions in a Google form to with 5 options from 1-5 in which 1 being strongly disagree and 5 being strongly agree for the asked questions. About 100 responses is considered for this survey from the people of various age, gender and location. In this study opinions of the people were collected to get a clear view of an electric vehicle as it is a new technology in automotive sector and what’s their mentality when it comes to comparison of electric vehicles to a conventional I.C. engine as I.C. engine has been driven since so long and people have adapted to them and what do they really think of an electric vehicles.
Present Scenario of Bathudi culture and Society
Authors: Naik Dr. Rajakumar
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Odisha has one of the largest concentrations of tribal population in the whole country. In concrete figure they number around 8 million. Tribal communities differ from all others in many aspects, their distinctive features being clan organization and territorial exogamy, class’s social structure, youth dormitory, colourful rituals and folk art, music and dance. The 62 tribes in Odisha wary in their size, degree of acculturation and economic patterns. While the Kondhs numbering around nine lakh are numerically the largest in the state. the Santals are among the three largest and advanced tribes in the country. The major tribes living in Odisha are the Bathudi, Santhals, Oraons, Gonds and Kondhs. Although many of the Adivasi tribes are found in other parts of the country, the Juangs, Bhuyans, Saoras, Bondas and Bathudis are exclusive to Odisha. The tribal Communities are in various stages of economic and social development starting with the least developed Bondas and ending with the comparatively advanced Santals, the spectrum covering seminomadic to semiurban conditions. Keyword: exogamy, acculturation, Juangs, Bhuyans, Saoras, Bondas and Bathudis
Covid-19 Detection & Classification of chest X-rays using Deep Learning
Authors: Singh Aditya
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The deadly Covid-19 virus, also known as the Coronavirus has affected the entire world in a short period of time. This pandemic has affected a lot of people in the entire world and caused many deaths. In these difficult times, it is important for the doctors and the medical researchers to differentiate accurately between positive cases and negative cases. This CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model will allow us to classify X-ray images into positive cases and the normal ones. This dataset is collected from different public sources as well as from some hospitals and physicians. Our goal is to take help from these X- ray images and develop a model where it predicts and classifies the infected cases. Keywords: CNN, Prediction, Classification, Features, Training, Testing, Deep Learning
Network Amelioration, AI Automation and Future Integration in Wireless Networks
Authors: Khatri Marzook
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The deployment of 5G mobile communication networks is just getting started right now. There are numerous technologies available today, each capable of fulfilling activities such as enabling voice traffic via voice over IP (VoIP), providing broadband data access in mobile environments, and so on. However, there is a pressing need to implement technology that can bring all of these systems together into a single unified system. Because it is all about smoothly integrating terminals, networks, and applications, 8G presents a solution to this dilemma. In this work, an attempt is made to provide a study of various cellular technologies, such as 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G, and FG, as well as a detailed comparison between them. With the introduction of network virtualization and the implementation of 5G/IoT, mobile networks will become more complicated and offer more diverse services. This raises concerns about a considerable increase in the workload of network operations. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly and is projected to alleviate human resource shortages in a variety of industries. Similarly, the mobile industry is gaining traction in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to network operations in order to improve the efficiency of mobile network operations. This paper will address the idea of using AI technology to network operations and will give various use examples to demonstrate that AI-driven network operations have a bright future. Keywords: 5G & 6G networks, Artificial Intelligence, Next generation network, Future Advancement.
Reachability Deficits in Quantum Approximate Optimization of Graph Problems
Authors: Akshay V. , Philathong H. , Zacharov I. , Biamonte J.
Published: August 2021

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has become a cornerstone of contemporary quantum applications development. Here we show that the density of problem constraints versus problem variables acts as a performance indicator. Density is found to correlate strongly with approximation inefficiency for fixed depth QAOA applied to random graph minimization problem instances. Further, the required depth for accurate QAOA solution to graph problem instances scales critically with density. Motivated by Google's recent experimental realization of QAOA, we preform a reanalysis of the reported data reproduced in an ideal noiseless setting. We found that the reported capabilities of instances addressed experimentally by Google, approach a rapid fall-off region in approximation quality experienced beyond intermediate-density. Our findings offer new insight into performance analysis of contemporary quantum optimization algorithms and contradict recent speculation regarding low-depth QAOA performance benefits.
Development of Social Arithmetic Teaching Materials Using IT-Based PMRI Approach for SMP Students
Authors: Astari Sharli Yunita , Kesumawati Nila , Misdalina Misdalina
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to develop teaching materials using an IT-based PMRI approach for junior high school students. The type of this research was a research and development model. This study employed the ADDIE development model consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The teaching materials were validated by material experts and media experts before being tested. In addition, this study involved a student response questionnaire investigating the IT-based teaching materials. The validity of teaching materials revealed an average score of 4.40 determined by the results of the teaching material assessment conducted by two expert lecturers, and an average score of 4.80, determined by the results of the teaching material assessment conducted by mathematics teachers at SMP Negeri 56 Palembang. The practicality of teaching materials (student books) had an average score of 4.27 determined by the students' responses to teaching materials. The results of validating material experts, media experts, subject teachers, and student response questionnaires indicated that the teaching materials developed were valid and practical. Overall, this study has shown that the teaching materials developed are very suitable for learning. In addition, the teaching materials developed can improve student learning outcomes on arithmetics materials.
Students’ Obstacles in Learning Sequence and Series Using Onto-Semiotic Approach
Authors: Rachma Andina Aulia , Rosjanuardi Rizky
Published: August 2021

Sequences and series is one of the mathematical topics that are related to everyday life. The topic is also taught at several levels of education in Indonesia. However, many students still experrienced difficulties in learning this topic. This study uses an interpretive paradigm that is part of the Didactical Design Research (DDR). This research aims to analyze students’ learning obstacles on the topic of sequence and series using the onto-semiotic approach. To do so, written test consists of five questions related to the conceptual understanding of an arithmetic sequences and series was administered to 23 students from one of the senior high schools in Kota Tangerang Selatan followed by interviews with 4 students. The results show that learning obstacles are classified into epistemological, ontogenic, and didactical obstacles. Based on the onto-semiotics approach, the students had difficulties in defining a mathematical idea on sequences and series topics. They could convert a problem into mathematical model but were confused to use a proper procedure. It can be concluded that students still experience obstacles in learning sequences and series topic. The results of this study can be used by teachers as considerations in designing learning situation on the topic of sequence and series.
Applying Butterfly Method in the Learning of Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Authors: Laidin Dalilah Rauqah , Tengah Khairul Amilin
Published: August 2021

Several researches attempt to improve the performance in addition and subtraction of fraction by focusing on students’ understanding, such as applying fraction tiles manipulatives and number line in the teaching, or using visual aids such as area model and drawings or virtual diagrams. Similarly, few studies focus on adopting simple procedures that will facilitate students in attempting the topic. Butterfly Method is an approach that not only simplifies the pedagogical approach of learning addition and subtraction of fraction, but also indirectly promotes students’ conceptual understanding in the topic. Yet this approach is not commonly practiced in Brunei.  This action research employed quantitative approach involving fourty-one Year 9 IGCSE level students from a government secondary school in Brunei Darussalam. The study aimed to investigate the effect on applying Butterfly Method in the learning of addition and subtraction of fraction through pre-test and post-test.  The study revealed a significant improvement in students’ performance through Wilcoxon Signed rank test (Z = 4.2332, p-value < 0.05), with large effect size (r = 0.6611). This is also supported with the improvement of the overall mark distribution of students from pre-test to post-test, with Hake’s normalised gain values indicated majority of the participants achieved high (56.1%), medium (7.32%) and low (2.44%) improvements. Item analysis also indicated overall improvement of correct attempts in questions related to addition and subtraction of fraction, most apparently on fraction problems involving denominators not multiple of each other, improper fractions and mixed numbers. Thus, applying Butterfly Method significantly improved the overall students’ performance in the learning of addition and subtraction of fractions.
The legitimacy of Tsarist authority over the peoples of Siberia in the late 16th to early 18th centuries
Authors: Zuev Andrey S. , Slugina Viktoriya A.
Published: August 2021

The article studies the methods that substantiated the legitimacy of the power of the Russian monarch over the vast territories of Siberia. The context of this study is the Russian political culture of the late 16th to early 18th centuries. Based on information from chronicles as well as diplomatic and administrative documents, the authors identify and systematize the main political, ideological, and legal arguments that were most often used by the Russian government to justify the Tsars rule over Siberia. The arguments can be divided into two groups according to the target audience: the first group was intended for conversation with the heads of foreign countries, the second one addressed the Siberian peoples and also the Russian people broadly. In foreign policy, the representatives of the Moscow Tsar emphasized the antiquity and the strength of the bond between these territories and the Russian state. The diplomats tended to exaggerate the scale of the Russian military, socio-economic, political, and cultural (religious) development of the new territories. At the same time, they were silent about the resistance of the local population to the tsarist servicemen. At home the authorities applied other legal arguments to bolster their legitimacy. In interaction with indigenous populations, the Russian governors and service people usually forced the communities (in the form of an ultimatum) to accept the claim that the Tsar owned the Siberian lands as a fiefdom. With this the socio-political status of the Siberian peoples radically changed: they became subjects to the Russian Tsar, as kholops or yasak-payers. The Russian combatants and colonists, in direct contact with the indigenous population, informed the Siberian peoples about recent government directives and fully identified with the official claim to authority. In the eyes of the Russian population, an additional element was the religious and political idea that the Tsar had been chosen by God, from which followed the duty to expand the Russian Orthodox tsardom.