bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN APLIKASI QUIZIZZ PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI MIPA 3 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI MATERI APBN DAN APBD DI SMAN 1 NGORO
Authors: Ngundiati Nuryatim , Muhammad Basir  , Riza Yonisa Kurniawan
Published: May 2024

Economics learning aims to equip students with knowledge. With this goal, students are expected to be able to better understand each material taught as one of the provisions in their lives. However, in reality there are many students who have difficulty understanding the material taught in class, especially on APBN and APBD material. This is due to the lack of enthusiasm of students in teaching and learning activities. The lack of use of good learning methods also makes the classroom atmosphere monotonous and boring so that, it is revealed that the learning that has been taking place so far students are sleepy by putting their heads on the table, joking with their friends, and when the evaluation is carried out using paper tests students copy their friends' answers. So through this action research, researchers want to improve students' learning outcomes in economics learning, especially on APBN and APBD material by implementing the Quizziz application. The research subjects were class XI MIPA 3 students at SMAN 1 Ngoro, Ngoro sub-district, Mojokerto district for the 2022/2023 academic year, totaling 36 students. From the results of the learning activities that have been carried out for two cycles, and based on all the discussions and analyzes that have been carried out, it can be concluded as follows: Economic learning on APBN and APBD material with the application of the Quizizz application has a positive impact on student learning outcomes in class XI MIPA 3 SMAN 1 Ngoro, Ngoro sub-district, Mojokerto district for the 2022/2023 academic year. This is based on the post test scores which continue to increase from the first to the second cycle. This is evidenced by the increasing number of students who achieved KKM, the first cycle was 76.5% and the second cycle was 93%, an increase of 16.5%. This success was obtained by implementing the Quizizz application. By giving multiple choice questions to students through the Quizizz application, the questions will appear randomly on each student's screen so that the evaluation carried out can be purely according to the ability of the students
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS BELAJAR SISWA SD ISLAM
Authors: Muftiyah Al , Suci Handayani  , Dwi Sari Ida Aflaha  , Aswin Saputra
Published: May 2024

Penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning di Sekolah Dasar Islam yang di gunakan guru sangat membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan kualitas belajar siswa. Guru dituntut untuk mampu mengaplikasikan sebuah model pembelajaran agar proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan mudah. Dengan demikian artikel ini peneliti buat dengan tujuan memberikan referensi berkaitan dengan model pembelajaran yang dalam penggunaannya sudah terbukti meningkatkan kualitas belajar siswa di Sekolah Dasar Islam. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode meta analisis untuk merangkum hasil dari berbagai penelitian dengan mengkaji literatur yang digunakan peneliti yaitu lima data penggunaan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning yang dipublikasikan di jurnal nasional terakreditasi Kemenristek Dikti. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penggunaan model pembelajaran discovery learning dalam meningkatkan kualitas belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar Islam sangat baik untuk digunakan terutama untuk meningkatkan kualitas belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning ini di masukkan ke dalam rencana pembelajaran yang dibuat guru sehingga memiliki dampak pada peningkatan kualitas belajar siswa.
Kritik Sastra Feminis Dalam Novel Aku Lupa Bahwa Aku Perempuan Karya Ihsan Abdul Quddus
Authors: Layalin Nida , Mulyaningsih Indrya , Kamaluddin Udin
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan citra perempuan dalam novel Aku Lupa Bahwa Aku Perempuan karya Ihsan Abdul Quddus dengan pendekatan feminis marxis. Metode yang digunakan Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah novel Aku Lupa Bahwa Aku Perempuan karya Ihsan Abdul Quddus. Data yang digunakan berupa penggalan dialog dan prolog yang dicurigai memiliki citra perempuan.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik baca dan catat. Peneliti akan melihat hasil penelitian dan kredibilitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber, metode dan teori. 1) menganalisis dan menginterprestasi kedudukan tokoh utama perempuan dalam kelasisme, 2) Menggunakan metode padan referensial sebagai analisis data. 3) menganalisis dan menginterprestasi citra perempuan. Hasil yang diperoleh 15 data yang dicurigai sebagai citra perempuan. Berdasarkan penelitian terdapat 5 data berupa citra perempuan dari segi fisik, 6 data berupa citra perempuan dari segi psikis, dan 4 data berupa citra perempuan dari segi sosial. Penelitian ini Hasil penelitian dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai instrumen penilaian pada pembelajaran novel kelas XII sesuai dengan KD 3.9 menganalisis isi dan kebahasaan dalam novel serta KD 4.9 merancang novel dengan memperhatikan isi dan kebahasaan baik secara lisan atau tulis.
The Role of Digitalization and Environmental, Social, Governance in Enhancing Value Relevance of Accounting Information
Authors: Handajani Clarissa Dominique Effendi , Feliana Yie Ke , Eriandani Rizky
Published: May 2024

The acceleration of the Industrial Revolution by the Covid-19 pandemic has enhanced the urgency of digitalization. In addition, the issue of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Government) and the achievement of the triple bottom line have become a major concern for businesses. In contrast, previous research indicates a decline in the value relevance of EPS (Earnings per Share) and BVPS (Book Value per Share) and an enhance in value relevance of non-financial information. This study investigates the effect of digitalization and ESG on the value relevance of accounting information, focusing on EPS and BVPS. This study employs four models with 249 samples from the IDX from 2017 to 2021. Using multiple linear regression, it is determined that, despite the positive significant effect of digitalization and ESG score, the presence of such non-financial information does not enhance the value relevance of accounting information. Moreover, the combination of ESG and digitalization still unable to enhance the value relevance of accounting data. Due to the inefficiency and lack of reporting standard of digitalization and ESG implementation. Therefore, the company should effectively implement and report these data.
Penggunaan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Amanda Woro Sari  , Henry Aditia Rigianti
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan model Problem Based Learning yang digunakan untuk melatih kemampuan berfikir kreatif siswa pada pembelajaran IPS SD. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari jurnal, artikel ilmiah dan sebagainya. Data yang peneliti peroleh kemudian dideskripsikan secara ilmiah sehingga diperoleh suatu kesimpulan pada penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Model Problem Based Learning diimplementasikan melalui langkah-langkah, mulai dari orientasi pengenalan masalah, kolaborasi pengembangan pemecahan, meyajikan karya, dan yang terakhir adalah mengevaluasi. Melalui langkah yang disajikan maka siswa menjadi lebih aktif dan terlibat dalam pembelajaran, terkhusus dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Dengan adanya penggunakan model Problem Based Learning pada proses pembelajaran maka dapat membantu menumbuhkan keterbiasaan siswa dalam berpikir kreatif.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MODUL AJAR KURIKULUM MERDEKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 1 PENGASIH
Authors: Tri Dewi Pancasari  , Wulan Tri Puji Utami  , Norin Erissandy  , Yuniati
Published: May 2024

Tantangan pendidikan yang dihadapi saat ini adalah bagaimana cara memanfaatkan sumber belajar yang tersedia, seperti modul ajar dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sehingga tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pelengkap. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penggunaan modul ajar kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan modul ajar kurikulum merdeka pada pembelajaran matematika kelas IV di SD Negeri 1 Pengasih. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari guru dan 14 peserta didik. Peneliti menggunakan empat tahapan dalam mengumpulkan data, yaitu observasi, pengumpulan data, wawancara, dan analisis data. Namun, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di Sekolah Dasar masih belum optimal. Terdapat banyak kekurangan dalam administrasi proses pembelajaran seperti penyusunan rencana pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran saintifik, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Guru mengalami kesulitan dalam implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka terutama dalam penyusunan modul ajar. Selain itu, penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka terlalu rumit dan pendidikan di sekolah, termasuk guru, peserta didik, dan orang tua, masih menghadapi kendala dalam penerapannya. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan modul ajar pada mata pelajaran matematika SD dinilai sangat efektif karena terlihat peningkatan pemahaman pada setiap materi yang diajarkan. Modul ajar juga dinilai lebih menarik daripada rancangan pembelajaran pada kurikulum 2013 karena memberi kebebasan pada guru untuk memodifikasi secara kreatif dan inovatif sesuai dengan kemampuan, keadaan, dan gaya belajar setiap peserta didik. Hal ini membuat peserta didik lebih tertarik untuk mengikuti proses pembelajaran.
Model Project Based Learning Berbantuan Media Sosial Instagram Reels Dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Prosedur
Authors: Simamora Sri Arliyanti , Isah Cahyani  , Khaerudin Kurniawan
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya kemampuan menulis teks prosedur siswa SMA Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Bandung Barat.  Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah guru kurang baik dalam merancang model pembelajaran yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model pembelajaran sesuai dengan kebutuhan, situasi, dan kondisi peserta didik dan pendidik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu adaptasi dari metode penelitian dan pengembangan Sukmadinata (2016) yang terdiri atas tiga tahapan yaitu (1) studi pendahuluan, (2) pengembangan model, dan (3) pengujian model. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan penyebaran angket. Uji kelayakan model pembelajaran divalidasi oleh 11 orang ahli, dengan skor rata-rata 96% dengan kategori sangat baik dan layak diujicobakan. Keefektifan pengembangan model pembelajaran project based learning berbantuan media sosial instagram reels dinilai efektif dalam pembelajaran menulis teks prosedur. Berdasarkan Hasil perhitungan nilai ratarata N-Gain score kelas eksperimen pada uji luas dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran project based learning berbantuan media sosial instagram reels adalah sebesar 84,48% termasuk kategori efektif, sedangkan keterpakaian model pembelajaran diperoleh berdasarkan respons peserta didik melalui angket menunjukkan 96% siswa merasa pembelajaran menulis teks prosedur dengan model pembelajaran ini sangat menarik karena dapat langsung membantu siswa untuk mengetahui cara yang tepat menulis teks prosedur sesuai struktur dan kaidah kebahasaan serta mempublikasikannya. Selanjutnya hasil respons angket guru secara kumulatif seluruh aspek memperoleh skor rata-rata adalah 49 setara dengan 97% dengan kategori sangat baik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpukan bahwa model pembelajaran project based learning berbantuan media sosial instagram reels dalam pembelajaran menulis teks prosedur layak diterapkan.
BUDAYA EKONOMI: PRAKTEK AKAD MUZARA’AH PERSPEKTIF ETIKA EKONOMI ISLAM DI DESA TANGSIL KULON KECAMATAN TENGGARANG KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO
Authors: Hidayatullah M Alief , Rahmatullah Salim , Azizi Ainur Rofiqul
Published: May 2024

This study aims to reveal the practice of muraza'ah contracts associated with an economic culture that is aligned with Islamic economic ethics in Tangsil Kulon Bondowoso Village. This study uses qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach, and the data source is the people in Tangsil Kulon. The results of this study indicate that the practice of the muzara'ah contract in Tangsil Kulon Village uses the musyarakah principle with a split system adapted to the local community’s culture. The distribution in the form of percentages still has the disadvantaged party, namely the land owner, because the cultivator does not see whether the harvest is experiencing a profit or loss and thinks he is still working.
Is Spirituality a Master Controller for Human Well-Being?
Authors: Chatlos John Calvin
Published: May 2024

The article “Did Freud Miss the Discovery of Our Spiritual Core?” describes how Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is a bridge to the long-sought discovery of a science-based explanation of spiritual experience as elaborated by the Framework of Spirituality. This framework has been clinically used to intentionally promote spiritual awakening and developed as CBT-STE (for Self-Transcendent Experience). Implications from this clinical application profoundly affect our worldview of being human providing a universal moral direction and values, explanation of the “How” and “Why” of therapy effectiveness and a method for ongoing personal transformation with a neuroscience basis. The characteristics of this spiritual core suggest that it is a “Master Controller” for overall human well-being. A realistic possibility of achieving human well-being with cooperation, harmony, and peace is proposed.
Descripción físico-química teórica y computacional de los complejos enzima-ligando de la proteína bromelina reportada mediante difracción de Rayos X
Authors:   Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Santana Romo Fabián Mauricio , Morales Ortíz Marcia Jimena ,   Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Carreño Otero Aurora Lisette ,   Investigador independiente, Vizuete Fiallos Gabriela Elena ,   Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Peñaherrera Veintimilla Jessica Lorena ,   Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas
Published: May 2024

El estudio teórico computacional aborda la descripción de los complejos enzima-ligando obtenidos mediante el método de difracción de Rayos X. El propósito de este estudio es analizar a la enzima bromelina aplicando de la química computacional, a través de cribados virtuales consecutivos en la plataforma del RCSB PDB hasta llegar al cristal de mejor calidad reportada. La descripción física de la obtención de coordenadas tridimensionales a través del modelo de difracción de Rayos X, y la aplicación de la química teórica y computacional para describir la proteína cuaternaria reportada con sus cadenas, ligandos asociados, y moléculas de agua estructural. Se determinó que el complejo cristalino ID PDB: 6YCB es el que posee la mejor resolución, comparándola con respecto a la proteína en criogenia que minimiza sus vibraciones estructurales.
Crosstalk between human immunodeficiency virus infection and salivary bacterial function in men who have sex with men
Authors: Guo Ying , Wang Wenjing , Yu Yixi , Sun Xintong , Zhang Baojin , Wang Yan , Cao Jie , Wen Shuo , Wang Xin , Li Yuchen , Cai Siyu , Wu Ruojun , Duan Wenshan , Xia Wei , Wei Feili , Duan Junyi , Dong Haozhi , Guo Shan , Zhang Fengqiu , Sun Zheng , Huang Xiaojie
Published: May 2024

Background

Engaging in anal sexual intercourse markedly increases the risk of developing HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM); oral sexual activities tend to uniquely introduce gut-derived microbes to salivary microbiota, which, combined with an individual’s positive HIV status, may greatly perturb oral microecology. However, till date, only a few published studies have addressed this aspect.

Methods

Based on 16S rRNA sequencing data of bacterial taxa, MicroPITA picks representative samples for metagenomic analysis, effectively revealing how the development and progression of the HIV disease influences oral microbiota in MSM. Therefore, we collected samples from 11 HIV-negative and 44 HIV-positive MSM subjects (stage 0 was defined by HIV RNA positivity, but negative or indeterminate antibody status; stages 1, 2, and 3 were defined by CD4+ T lymphocyte counts ≥ 500, 200–499, and ≤ 200 or opportunistic infection) and selected 25 representative saliva samples (5 cases/stage) using MicroPITA. Metagenomic sequencing analysis were performed to explore whether positive HIV status changes salivary bacterial KEGG function and metabolic pathway in MSM.

Results

The core functions of oral microbiota were maintained across each of the five groups, including metabolism, genetic and environmental information processing. All HIV-positive groups displayed KEGG functions of abnormal proliferation, most prominently at stage 0, and others related to metabolism. Clustering relationship analysis tentatively identified functional relationships between groups, with bacterial function being more similar between stage 0-control groups and stage 1-2 groups, whereas the stage 3 group exhibited large functional changes. Although we identified most metabolic pathways as being common to all five groups, several unique pathways formed clusters for certain groups; the stage 0 group had several, while the stage 2 and 3 groups had few, such clusters. The abundance of K03046 was positively correlated with CD4 counts.

Conclusion

As HIV progresses, salivary bacterial function and metabolic pathways in MSM progressively changes, which may be related to HIV promoting abnormal energy metabolism and exacerbate pathogen virulence. Further, infection and drug resistance of acute stage and immune cell destruction of AIDS stage were abnormally increased, predicting an increased risk for MSM individuals to develop systemic and oral diseases.
Androgen levels in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Zhao , Zhang Bohan , Mu Chenyu , Qiao Dan , Chen Huan , Zhao Yan , Cui Huixian , Zhang Rong , Li Sha
Published: May 2024

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population exhibits altered hormone levels, including androgens. However, studies on the regulation of androgens, such as testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in relation to sex differences in individuals with ASD are limited and inconsistent. We conducted the systematic review with meta-analysis to quantitatively summarise the blood, urine, or saliva androgen data between individuals with ASD and controls.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted for eligible studies published before 16 January 2023 in six international and two Chinese databases. We computed summary statistics with a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and heterogeneity using I2 statistics. Subgroup analysis was performed by age, sex, sample source, and measurement method to explain the heterogeneity.

Results

17 case-control studies (individuals with ASD, 825; controls, 669) were assessed. Androgen levels were significantly higher in individuals with ASD than that in controls (SMD: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.06–0.48, P=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed significantly elevated levels of urinary total testosterone, urinary DHEA, and free testosterone in individuals with ASD. DHEA level was also significantly elevated in males with ASD.

Conclusion

Androgen levels, especially free testosterone, may be elevated in individuals with ASD and DHEA levels may be specifically elevated in males.
Case report: Fatal overwhelming post-splenectomy infection in a patient with metastatic angiosarcoma treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Torrado Carlos , Baysal Mehmet A. , Chakraborty Abhijit , Norris Becky L. , Khawaja Fareed , Tsimberidou Apostolia M.
Published: May 2024

A patient in his 40s with splenic angiosarcoma metastatic to the liver underwent splenectomy, chemotherapy, and partial hepatectomy before being treated on a clinical trial with CTLA4 and PD1 inhibitors. He had received pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines post-splenectomy. On week 10, he developed grade 3 immune-related colitis, successfully treated with the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor infliximab and steroids. After 4 cycles of treatment, scans showed partial response. He resumed anti-PD1 therapy, and 6 hours after the second dose of anti-PD1 he presented to the emergency room with hematemesis, hematochezia, hypotension, fever, and oxygen desaturation. Laboratory tests demonstrated acute renal failure and septicemia (Streptococcus pneumoniae). He died 12 hours after the anti-PD1 infusion from overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI). Autopsy demonstrated non-viable liver tumors among other findings. In conclusion, patients undergoing immunotherapy and with prior history of asplenia should be monitored closely for OPSI as they may be at increased risk.
Interstitial macrophage phenotypes in Schistosoma-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kumar Sushil , Mickael Claudia , Fonseca Balladares Dara , Nolan Kevin , Lee Michael H. , Sanders Linda , Nilsson Julia , Molofsky Ari B. , Tuder Rubin M. , Stenmark Kurt R. , Graham Brian B.
Published: May 2024

Background

Schistosomiasis is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) worldwide. Type 2 inflammation contributes to the development of Schistosoma-induced PH. Specifically, interstitial macrophages (IMs) derived from monocytes play a pivotal role by producing thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which in turn activates TGF-β, thereby driving the pathology of PH. Resident and recruited IM subpopulations have recently been identified. We hypothesized that in Schistosoma-PH, one IM subpopulation expresses monocyte recruitment factors, whereas recruited monocytes become a separate IM subpopulation that expresses TSP-1.

Methods

Mice were intraperitoneally sensitized and then intravenously challenged with S. mansoni eggs. Flow cytometry on lungs and blood was performed on wildtype and reporter mice to identify IM subpopulations and protein expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was performed on flow-sorted IMs from unexposed and at day 1, 3 and 7 following Schistosoma exposure to complement flow cytometry based IM characterization and identify gene expression.

Results

Flow cytometry and scRNAseq both identified 3 IM subpopulations, characterized by CCR2, MHCII, and FOLR2 expression. Following Schistosoma exposure, the CCR2+ IM subpopulation expanded, suggestive of circulating monocyte recruitment. Schistosoma exposure caused increased monocyte-recruitment ligand CCL2 expression in the resident FOLR2+ IM subpopulation. In contrast, the vascular pathology-driving protein TSP-1 was greatest in the CCR2+ IM subpopulation.

Conclusion

Schistosoma-induced PH involves crosstalk between IM subpopulations, with increased expression of monocyte recruitment ligands by resident FOLR2+ IMs, and the recruitment of CCR2+ IMs which express TSP-1 that activates TGF-β and causes PH.
Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Chao , Wang Siwen , Ma Zhen , Zhou Jinghuan , Ding Zilin , Yuan Guoqiang , Pan Yawen
Published: May 2024

Glioma is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, effective treatment options for gliomas are still lacking. Neutrophils, as an important member of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are widely distributed in circulation. Recently, the discovery of cranial-meningeal channels and intracranial lymphatic vessels has provided new insights into the origins of neutrophils in the CNS. Neutrophils in the brain may originate more from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. They cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the action of chemokines and enter the brain parenchyma, subsequently migrating to the glioma TME and undergoing phenotypic changes upon contact with tumor cells. Under glycolytic metabolism model, neutrophils show complex and dual functions in different stages of cancer progression, including participation in the malignant progression, immune suppression, and anti-tumor effects of gliomas. Additionally, neutrophils in the TME interact with other immune cells, playing a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. Targeting neutrophils may be a novel generation of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of neutrophils infiltrating the central nervous system from the external environment, detailing the origin, functions, classifications, and targeted therapies of neutrophils in the context of glioma.
Case report: Bilateral optic nerve sheath meningocele: clinical aspects
Authors: Catalán-Coronado Saray , Parrado-Carrillo Alba , Nogués-Castell Javier , Rosinés-Fonoll Josep , Camós-Carreras Anna , Alcubierre Rafel , Carrión-Donderis Maria Teresa , Bernal-Morales Carolina , Sánchez-Dalmau Bernardo
Published: May 2024

Optic nerve sheath meningocele is an enlargement of the sheath itself, consisting of a collection of cerebrospinal fluid along the perineural space. It should be considered primary if it is not associated with orbital–cerebral neoplasm or with cranio-orbital junction malformations. We report three cases of bilateral primary idiopathic optic nerve sheath meningocele, two of them with gradual vision loss. The first case presented a history of monocular blurred vision of the right eye and headache. It was initially treated with acetazolamide without any improvement, after which optic nerve sheath fenestration was required. The second case showed intermittent binocular diplopia with central 24-2 perimetry defects in the left eye. The third case was first presented as a subacute bilateral conjunctivitis with a suspected orbital pseudotumor. An incidental bilateral optic nerve sheath meningocele was found in the orbital imaging, being totally asymptomatic. In all the cases, orbital and cranial magnetic resonance with contrast and fat suppression was crucial in the diagnosis.
Cost–benefit analysis of the COVID-19 vaccination model incorporating different infectivity reductions
Authors: Appiah Raymond Fosu , Jin Zhen , Yang Junyuan , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K.
Published: May 2024

The spread and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present a worldwide economic and medical burden to public health. It is imperative to probe the effect of vaccination and infectivity reductions in minimizing the impact of COVID-19. Therefore, we analyze a mathematical model incorporating different infectivity reductions. This work provides the most economical and effective control methods for reducing the impact of COVID-19. Using data from Ghana as a sample size, we study the sensitivity of the parameters to estimate the contributions of the transmission routes to the effective reproduction number  Re. We also devise optimal interventions with cost–benefit analysis that aim to maximize outcomes while minimizing COVID-19 incidences by deploying cost-effectiveness and optimization techniques. The outcomes of this work contribute to a better understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology and provide insights into implementing interventions needed to minimize the COVID-19 burden in similar settings worldwide.
Working memory and inhibitory control deficits in children with ADHD: an experimental evaluation of competing model predictions
Authors: Kofler Michael J. , Groves Nicole B. , Chan Elizabeth S. M. , Marsh Carolyn L. , Cole Alissa M. , Gaye Fatou , Cibrian Enrique , Tatsuki Miho O. , Singh Leah J.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Children with ADHD demonstrate difficulties on many different neuropsychological tests. However, it remains unclear whether this pattern reflects a large number of distinct deficits or a small number of deficit(s) that broadly impact test performance. The current study is among the first experiments to systematically manipulate demands on both working memory and inhibition, with implications for competing conceptual models of ADHD pathogenesis.

Method

A clinically evaluated, carefully phenotyped sample of 110 children with ADHD, anxiety disorders, or co-occurring ADHD+anxiety (Mage=10.35, 44 girls; 69% White Not Hispanic/Latino) completed a counterbalanced, double dissociation experiment, with two tasks each per inhibition (low vs. high) x working memory (low vs. high) condition.

Results

Bayesian and frequentist models converged in indicating that both manipulations successfully increased demands on their target executive function (BF10>5.33x108, p<.001). Importantly, occupying children’s limited capacity working memory system produced slower response times and reduced accuracy on inhibition tasks (BF10>317.42, p<.001, d=0.67-1.53). It also appeared to differentially reduce inhibition (and non-inhibition) accuracy for children with ADHD relative to children with anxiety (BF10=2.03, p=.02, d=0.50). In contrast, there was strong evidence against models that view working memory deficits as secondary outcomes of underlying inhibition deficits in ADHD (BF01=18.52, p=.85).

Discussion

This pattern indicates that working memory broadly affects children’s ability to inhibit prepotent tendencies and maintain fast/accurate performance, and may explain the errors that children with ADHD make on inhibition tests. These findings are broadly consistent with models describing working memory as a causal mechanism that gives rise to secondary impairments. In contrast, these findings provide evidence against models that view disinhibition as a cause of working memory difficulties or view working memory as a non-causal correlate or epiphenomenon in ADHD.
Development and evaluation of a family-child reading picture book on reducing autism spectrum disorder caregivers’ psychological stress: a mixed method study
Authors: Yang Lei , Ye Jinlin , Zhu Hongrui , Tang Yao , Li Xianhong
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The rapid increasing prevalence of ASD has become a significant global health issue. Caregivers of children with ASD are experiencing higher level of psychological stress and mental disorders. However, interventions to improve the psychological health of caregivers of children with ASD have largely been neglected.

Methods

Based on the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model, we initially did in-depth interviews with 8 caregivers, and conducted field observation in two rehabilitation centers to analyze the daily lives, the empowered components, the emotional moments of the children with autism and their caregivers. Then we designed the outline of the picture book, and developed it by a multi-disciplinary team by 4 rounds. After that, this picture book was sent out to 54 caregivers of children with ASD for family-child reading in one month. A quantitative questionnaire was administered before and after their reading to evaluate the efficacy of reducing their stress and affiliate stigma, and improving self-efficacy, resilience, empowerment capacity; and exit interviews were conducted after their initial reading to assess the acceptability, content appropriateness, perceived benefits and generalizability of this picture book. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and paired t-tests using IBM SPSS 26.0. Qualitative data were analyzed using template analysis.

Results

In total, 54 caregivers read the picture book with their child, with the total of 149 (an average of 2.76 per family) times reading in one month. Among them, 39 caregivers returned the following-up questionnaires. Although most of the outcome measures did not showed significant changes except the stress level decreased statistically significant (13.38 ± 3.864 to 11.79 ± 3.238, P=0.001), caregivers reported that the picture book echoed their daily lives and gave them a sense of warmth, inspiration, and hope, as well as some insight on family relationships and attitudes towards the disorder. They also expressed a willingness to disseminate the book to other families with children suffering ASD and the public.

Conclusion

This specially designed picture book has been proven to be an acceptable, content-appropriate, and effective family-centered psychological intervention, which could be easily scaled up.
Sustainable and efficient oil-water separation using bio tin oxide-based superhydrophobic membrane
Authors: Beagan A. , Lin Junyi , Lu Yi , Mohamed M. E.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Superhydrophobic materials are considered an ideal method for oil-water separation. However, existing oil-water separation methods have the problem of manufacturing complex and toxic chemical reagents. To address the limitation, we proposed a novel approach to sustainable and efficient oil-water separation using a superhydrophobic membrane based on the Bio Tin oxide nanoparticles (Bio-SnO2 NPs).

Methods

The study involves synthesizing Bio-SnO2 NPs from the sunflower leaf extract which was natural and non-toxic and modifying textile fabric with a superhydrophobic coating (S.T.F.). Characterization techniques including SEM, FTIR, and BET analysis are employed to assess the structural and textural properties of the modified membrane.

Results and Discussion

The textile fabric was modified with a superhydrophobic coating (S.T.F.), demonstrating enhanced wettability, oil absorption capacity, and oil-water separation performance. The Bio-SnO2 NPs exhibited crystalline structures with a length of 90 nm and a diameter of 20 nm, as confirmed by SEM analysis. FTIR results revealed characteristic peaks at 3410 cm-1 and 642 cm-1, indicating the presence of hydroxyl group and Sn-O bonds confirming the successful synthesis of Bio-SnO2 NPs. BET analysis showed a substantial specific surface area of 413 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.19 cm3/g, emphasizing the textural properties. The FTIR and SEM techniques were used to study the characteristics of the textile fabric before and after modification with the superhydrophobic coat. The S.T.F. exhibited remarkable superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 152° and a water sliding angle of 4°. Absorption capacities for coconut oil, diesel, and hexane were found to be 70.4 g/g, 63.5 g/g, and 49.6 g/g, respectively, with excellent cyclic stability. Separation efficiency for hexane, diesel, and coconut oil was found to be 99.5, 97.1%, and 96.3%, respectively, with excellent cyclic stability. Mechanical stability test revealed superhydrophobicity retention even after an abrasion length of 200 mm. The chemical stability test indicated that the superhydrophobicity was maintained in the pH range of 3-11. Moreover, the flux for hexane, diesel, and coconut oil was 9400 L m−2 h−1, 8800 L m−2 h−1, and 8100 L m−2 h−1, respectively, highlighting the membrane’s efficient oil-water separation capabilities. These results collectively position the developed S.T.F. as a promising and sustainable solution for diverse oil-water separation applications.
Intelligent Ship Scheduling and Path Planning Method for Maritime Emergency Rescue
Authors: Ying Wen , Wang Zhaohui , Li Hui , Du Sheng , Zhao Man
Published: May 2024

Intelligent ship navigation scheduling and planning is of great significance for ensuring the safety of maritime production and life and promoting the development of the marine economy. In this paper, an intelligent ship scheduling and path planning method is proposed for a practical application scenario wherein the emergency rescue center receives rescue messages and dispatches emergency rescue ships to the incident area for rescue. Firstly, the large-scale sailing route of the task ship is pre-planned in the voyage planning stage by using the improved A* algorithm. Secondly, the full-coverage path planning algorithm is used to plan the ship’s search route in the regional search stage by updating the ship’s navigation route in real time. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, comparative experiments were carried out with the conventional algorithm in the two operation stages of rushing to the incident sea area and regional search and rescue. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can adapt to emergency search and rescue tasks in the complex setting of the sea area and can effectively improve the efficiency of the operation, ensure the safety of the operation process, and provide a more intelligent and efficient solution for the planning of maritime emergency rescue tasks.
MVACLNet: A Multimodal Virtual Augmentation Contrastive Learning Network for Rumor Detection
Authors: Liu Xin , Pang Mingjiang , Li Qiang , Zhou Jiehan , Wang Haiwen , Yang Dawei
Published: May 2024

In today’s digital era, rumors spreading on social media threaten societal stability and individuals’ daily lives, especially multimodal rumors. Hence, there is an urgent need for effective multimodal rumor detection methods. However, existing approaches often overlook the insufficient diversity of multimodal samples in feature space and hidden similarities and differences among multimodal samples. To address such challenges, we propose MVACLNet, a Multimodal Virtual Augmentation Contrastive Learning Network. In MVACLNet, we first design a Hierarchical Textual Feature Extraction (HTFE) module to extract comprehensive textual features from multiple perspectives. Then, we fuse the textual and visual features using a modified cross-attention mechanism, which operates from different perspectives at the feature value level, to obtain authentic multimodal feature representations. Following this, we devise a Virtual Augmentation Contrastive Learning (VACL) module as an auxiliary training module. It leverages ground-truth labels and extra-generated virtual multimodal feature representations to enhance contrastive learning, thus helping capture more crucial similarities and differences among multimodal samples. Meanwhile, it performs a Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence constraint between predicted probability distributions of the virtual multimodal feature representations and their corresponding virtual labels to help extract more content-invariant multimodal features. Finally, the authentic multimodal feature representations are input into a rumor classifier for detection. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of MVACLNet on multimodal rumor detection.
A Sim-Learnheuristic for the Team Orienteering Problem: Applications to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Peyman Mohammad , Martin Xabier A. , Panadero Javier , Juan Angel A.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel sim-learnheuristic method designed to address the team orienteering problem (TOP) with a particular focus on its application in the context of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Unlike most prior research, which primarily focuses on the deterministic and stochastic versions of the TOP, our approach considers a hybrid scenario, which combines deterministic, stochastic, and dynamic characteristics. The TOP involves visiting a set of customers using a team of vehicles to maximize the total collected reward. However, this hybrid version becomes notably complex due to the presence of uncertain travel times with dynamically changing factors. Some travel times are stochastic, while others are subject to dynamic factors such as weather conditions and traffic congestion. Our novel approach combines a savings-based heuristic algorithm, Monte Carlo simulations, and a multiple regression model. This integration incorporates the stochastic and dynamic nature of travel times, considering various dynamic conditions, and generates high-quality solutions in short computational times for the presented problem.
The Nutritional Year-Cycle of Italian Honey Bees (Apis mellifera ligustica) in a Southern Temperate Climate
Authors: Knoll Stephane , Fadda Valeria , Ahmed Fahad , Cappai Maria Grazia
Published: May 2024

Nutrition is a key aspect influencing honey bee health and overwintering. Since honey bee seasonality in southern temperate climates represents a significant research gap, this study conducted long-term monitoring of honey bees in the Mediterranean (Sassari, Italy). Specifically, individual weight, fat body, and size measurements (head, thorax, abdomen, and total body) were recorded monthly so to detect changes in the nutrient storage of worker bees during an annual cycle. Data were analysed according to sampling date, climate (temperature, precipitation, and daylength), and flower diversity and were conducted for nurse and forager bees separately. The nutritional honey bee year-cycle generally followed the nectar flow and showed two critical timepoints: summer and winter dearth. A short cessation of activities in late fall/early winter coupled with an increase in nutrient storage indicated the presence of winter bees. Precipitation was found to play an important role in honey bee nutrition in the study area through its impacts on colony demography and plants in particular illustrating how climate change could pose a threat to European honey bee populations in the future. These results provide valuable insights into the nutritional dynamics of Apis mellifera ligustica in the Mediterranean that could support management decisions to improve overwintering success and prevent unnecessary colony losses.
From Plants to Pixels: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Identifying Sericea Lespedeza in Field-Based Studies
Authors: Siddique Aftab , Cook Kyla , Holt Yasmin , Panda Sudhanshu S. , Mahapatra Ajit K. , Morgan Eric R. , van Wyk Jan A. , Terrill Thomas H.
Published: May 2024

The increasing use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has brought about a significant transformation in numerous fields, such as image categorization and identification. In the development of a CNN model to classify images of sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum-Cours) G. Don] from weed images, four architectures were explored: CNN model variant 1, CNN model variant 2, the Visual Geometry Group (VGG16) model, and ResNet50. CNN model variant 1 (batch normalization with adjusted dropout method) demonstrated 100% validation accuracy, while variant 2 (RMSprop optimization with adjusted learning rate) achieved 90.78% validation accuracy. Pre-trained models, like VGG16 and ResNet50, were also analyzed. In contrast, ResNet50’s steady learning pattern indicated the potential for better generalization. A detailed evaluation of these models revealed that variant 1 achieved a perfect score in precision, recall, and F1 score, indicating superior optimization and feature utilization. Variant 2 presented a balanced performance, with metrics between 86% and 93%. VGG16 mirrored the behavior of variant 2, both maintaining around 90% accuracy. In contrast, ResNet50’s results revealed a conservative approach for class 0 predictions. Overall, variant 1 stood out in performance, while both variant 2 and VGG16 showed balanced results. The reliability of CNN model variant 1 was highlighted by the significant accuracy percentages, suggesting potential for practical implementation in agriculture. In addition to the above, a smartphone application for the identification of SL in a field-based trial showed promising results with an accuracy of 98–99%. The conclusion from the above is that a CNN model with batch normalization has the potential to play a crucial role in the future in redefining and optimizing the management of undesirable vegetation.
Synergistic Effects of Humic Acid, Biochar-Based Microbial Agent, and Vermicompost on the Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence Technology of Cotton in Saline–Alkali Soils, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Ge , Shan Yuyang , Bai Yungang , Nie Weibo , Wang Qian , Zhang Jianghui , Liu Hongbo , Ding Yu , Wang Xiaoyan , Lu Hongqin
Published: May 2024

Soil amendments such as humic acid (HA), a biochar-based microbial agent (M), and vermicompost (V) can improve soil quality and promote crop growth. However, it remains unclear whether the co-application of the three soil amendments (HMV) has a synergistic effect on alleviating soil quality deterioration obstacles caused by dry sowing and wet emergence technology in Xinjiang cotton fields. A three-year field experiment was conducted in saline–alkali soils using plastic-film-mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang, China. Through the orthogonal experiment method, the application amounts of HA, M and V were 75 kg ha−1, 75 kg ha−1 and 225 kg ha−1 respectively in 2021. In 2022, three application amount gradients were used for HA, M and V: 60 kg ha−1, 90 kg ha−1 and 120 kg ha−1 respectively. In 2023, the application amounts of HA, M, and V were 60 kg ha−1, 120 kg ha−1, and 120 kg ha−1. It should be pointed out that V contains HA in the range of 20–35%. This study aimed to explore the improvement effect of a single or combined application of HA, M, and V on soil quality and cotton emergence rate using dry sowing and wet emergence technology in Xinjiang cotton fields. The results showed that the single and combined applications of HA, M, and V improved the soil quality and water–heat–salt environment of the cultivated layer. In the combined application, the cotton seedling emergence rate and yield increased by 1.9–22.8% and 7.0–54.1%. Therefore, it is recommended to jointly apply HA, M, and V to promote cotton seedling emergence and increase yield using dry sowing and wet emergence technology in Xinjiang cotton fields.
Efficacy of a Lidocaine-Impregnated Elastrator Band for Castration and Tail Docking in Lambs
Authors: Roche Steven M. , Ralston Brenda J. , Olson Barbara , Sharpe Brendan D. , Schatz Crystal , Beaugrand Kendall , Ross Joseph A. , Broomfield Madeleine A. , Allan Nicolas , Olson Merle
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the non-inferiority between lidocaine-impregnated ligation bands (LLBs) and control bands (CBs) with respect to the efficacy of castration and tail docking. Secondary objectives were to compare castration and tail-docking success, evaluate local site reactions, and compare average daily gain (ADG) between the treatment groups. A total of 238 male lambs were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive LLBs or CBs on their tail and scrotum. Lambs were weighed, had a health assessment, and the band site was observed on −3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after the bands were applied. A linear regression model was built to assess average daily gain, whereas a repeated measures model was used to evaluate body weight differences at each of the measured timepoints. Furthermore, logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations with casting outcomes. Few differences were noted between treatment groups with respect to casting success for the scrotum and tail and ADG over the entire experimental period. Non-inferiority calculations demonstrated no differences in tail docking and scrotal casting success, with casting occurring for the majority of animals by d 21 and d 42 for castration and tail docking, respectively. However, lambs receiving LLBs gained more weight from d −3 to 7 (+0.03 kg/d; 95% CI: 0 to 0.07), which may be an indication of effective pain control during the first week following band application. Overall, the use of an LLB does not affect the time to successful casting of the tail and could improve short-term growth when compared to a control band. Further studies are needed to compare LLBs to multimodal methods of pain relief.