bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues and Perspectives on Gender in Physical Education
Authors: Cheypator-Thomson Jepkorir Rose , You JeongAe , Hardin Brent
Published: August 2016

The passage of Title IX in 1972 in the United States marked the initiation of research agendas, development of curricular programs, creation of pedagogy, and development of environments that address the needs of both women and men equally in educational settings. The purpose of this research was to determine how gender has been studied in extant literature in physical education. In particular, the intent of this research examination was to analyze the extent to which the concept of gender has been addressed in mainstream United States-based (US-based) journals in physical education. The liberal feministic theory guided this research investigation. Data collection involved the selection of five research, theory, and practice-based journals in physical education. Constant comparison method was used to analysis the data for the purpose of determining the themes that emerged from the literature (Goetz & LeCompte, 1984). The findings of the study revealed several perspectives related to gender in physical education. Three major themes emerged from examining the literature and they include program-centered, participation-based, and workplace-connected perspectives as related to occurrences in physical education environments.
A physician-scientist’s wish list for the 2016 U.S. presidential candidates
Authors: Friedman Scott L.
Published: August 2016

Supporting biomedical research is a bipartisan, patriotic act.
Principal components analysis to identify influences on research communication and engagement during an environmental disaster
Authors: Winters Charlene A , Moore Colleen F , Kuntz Sandra W , Weinert Clarann , Hernandez Tanis , Black Brad
Published: August 2016

Objectives

To discern community attitudes towards research engagement in Libby, Montana, the only Superfund site for which a public health emergency has been declared.

Study design

Survey study of convenience samples of residents near the Libby, Montana Superfund site.

Participants

Residents of the Libby, Montana area were recruited from a local retail establishment (N=120, survey 1) or a community event (N=127, survey 2).

Measures

Two surveys were developed in consultation with a Community Advisory Panel.

Results

Principal components of survey 1 showed four dimensions of community members' attitudes towards research engagement: (1) researcher communication and contributions to the community, (2) identity and affiliation of the researchers requesting participation, (3) potential personal barriers, including data confidentiality, painful or invasive procedures and effects on health insurance and (4) research benefits for the community, oneself or family. The score on the first factor was positively related to desire to participate in research (r=0.31, p=0.01). Scores on factors 2 and 3 were higher for those with diagnosis of asbestos-related disease (ARD) in the family (Cohen's d=0.41, 0.57). Survey 2 also found more positive attitudes towards research when a family member had ARD (Cohen's d=0.48).

Conclusions

Principal components analysis shows different dimensions of attitudes towards research engagement. The different dimensions are related to community members' desire to be invited to participate in research, awareness of past research in the community and having been screened or diagnosed with a health condition related to the Superfund contaminant.
Yield of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: impact of operator and cytopathologist experience
Authors: Navasakulpong Asma , Auger Manon , Gonzalez Anne V
Published: August 2016

Background

Studies have reported a high diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. We sought to review the yield of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis at our institution over time, and examine factors that may influence this yield.

Methods

Patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for suspected sarcoidosis between December 2008 and November 2011 were identified. EBUS was performed without rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of samples. The final diagnosis was based on the results of all invasive diagnostic procedures and/or clinical follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of various factors on yield.

Results

43 patients underwent 45 EBUS-TBNA procedures for suspected sarcoidosis. A total of 115 lymph nodes were sampled. The 21 G needle was used in 51% of procedures. The mean number of lymph node stations sampled was 2.6 (SD 0.7) and the mean number of needle passes per procedure was 7.8 (SD 2.0). Non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation was detected in EBUS-TBNA samples from 34/45 (76%) procedures. The overall diagnostic yield increased to 36/45 (80%) following a cytopathology review for this study. Needle gauge, number of lymph node stations sampled and number of needle passes were not associated with diagnostic yield. The yield of EBUS-TBNA increased significantly after the first 15 procedures performed for suspected sarcoidosis; the 2 additional cases diagnosed after the cytopathology review were part of this early experience.

Conclusions

EBUS-TBNA is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis when performed without ROSE. The yield of the procedure improved significantly over time, based on operator and cytopathologist experience.
Prospective 12-month functional and vocational outcomes of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement as part of an evidence-based hip pain rehabilitation pathway in an active military population
Authors: Bennett A N , Nixon J , Roberts A , Barker-Davies R , Villar R , Houghton J M
Published: August 2016

Background

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is common with an estimated prevalence of 10–15% among young active individuals. The natural history of the disorder is progression to early osteoarthritis. Hip arthroscopy is recommended if conservative treatments fail; however, outcomes are unclear, particularly in highly active populations.

Aim

To evaluate the functional and vocational outcome of hip arthroscopy, as part of an evidence-based rehabilitation hip pain pathway, for the treatment of FAI in an active military population.

Methods

All patients in the defence rehabilitation hip pain pathway, with a confirmed diagnosis of FAI who failed conservative treatment, were assessed prior to surgery and at 2, 6 and 12 months postsurgery. Outcome measures included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for hip pain, Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) for function, and vocational assessments including functional activity assessment (FAA) and Joint Medical Employment Standard for military employability and deployability.

Results

101 patients completed the study (mean age=33 years) (male:female:75:26) (Royal Navy/British Army/Royal Air Force: 13%/48%/39%). Outcomes demonstrated significant improvements with large effect size. Preoperative NAHS mean=62.9 (SD 16.4), 12-month postoperative NAHS mean=78.8 (18.3), mean improvement in NAHS=15.9 (95% CI 12.3 to 19.5, p<0.001). Preoperative VAS pain mean=51.3 (20.9), 12-month postoperative VAS pain=25.6 (24.5). Mean improvement 25.7 (95% CI 19.4 to 31.99, p<0.001). 73% of patients had a deployable medical category at 12 months postoperative.

Conclusions

These data confirm that hip arthroscopy as part of a structured evidence-based multidisciplinary care pathway produces significant and continued symptomatic, functional and vocational improvements over a 12-month period in a military population exposed to high intensity, weight-bearing exercise in uncontrolled and unforgiving environments.
Volume change behaviour and microstructure of stabilized loess under cyclic freeze–thaw conditions
Authors: Wang Sheng-lin , Lv Qing-feng , Baaj Hassan , Li Xiao-yuan , Zhao Yan-xu
Published: August 2016

Freeze–thaw action is considered to be one of the most destructive actions that can induce significant damage in stabilized subgrades in seasonally frozen loess areas. Laboratory tests including frost heave – thaw shrinkage and microstructure change during freeze–thaw cycles were conducted to evaluate the volume change rate of loess stabilized with cement, lime, and fly ash under the impact of cyclic freeze–thaw conditions. The loess specimens collapsed after eight freeze–thaw cycles (192 h), but most stabilized loess specimens had no visible damage after all freeze–thaw cycles were completed. All of the stabilized loess samples underwent a much smaller volume change than the loess alone after the freeze–thaw cycles. Although surface porosity and equivalent diameter of stabilized loess samples increased, the stabilized loess can retain its microstructure during freeze–thaw cycles when the cement content was less than 6%. To ensure freeze–thaw resistance of stabilized loess subgrades, the mix proportions of the three additives was recommended to be 4 to 5% cement, 6% lime, and 10% fly ash.
ANALYSIS OF SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION IN FRACTAL TREE-LIKE NETWORK SYSTEM
Authors: LI CAOXIONG , Shen YINGHAO , GE HONGKUI , SU SHUAI , YANG ZHIHUI
Published: August 2016

Spontaneous imbibition in porous media is common in nature, imbibition potential is very important for understanding the imbibition ability, or the ability to keep high imbibition rate for a long time. Structure parameters have influence on imbibition potential. This work investigates the process of spontaneous imbibition of liquid into a fractal tree-like network, taking fractal structure parameters into consideration. The analytical expression for dimensionless imbibition rate with this fractal tree-like network is derived. The influence of structure parameters on imbibition potential is discussed. It is found that optimal diameter ratio [Formula: see text] is important for networks to have imbibition potential. Moreover, with liquid imbibed in more sub-branches, some structures of parameter combinations will show the characteristic of imbibition potential gradually. Finally, a parameter plane is made to visualize the percentage of good parameter in all possible combinations and to evaluate the imbibition potential of a specific network system more directly. It is also helpful to design and to optimize a fractal network with good imbibition potential.
How Adaptively Constructed Reduced Order Models Can Benefit Sampling-Based Methodsfor Reliability Analyses
Authors: Gogu Christian , Chaudhuri Anirban , Bes Christian
Published: August 2016

Many sampling-based approaches are currently available for calculating the reliability of a design. The most efficient methods can achieve reductions in the computational cost by one to several orders of magnitude compared to the basic Monte Carlo method. This paper is specifically targeted at sampling-based approaches for reliability analysis, in which the samples represent calls to expensive finite element models. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how these methods can further benefit from reduced order modeling to achieve drastic additional computational cost reductions, in cases where the reliability analysis is carried out on finite element models. Standard Monte Carlo, importance sampling, separable Monte Carlo and a combined importance separable Monte Carlo approach are presented and coupled with reduced order modeling. An adaptive construction of the reduced basis models is proposed. The various approaches are compared on a thermal reliability design problem, where the coupling with the adaptively constructed reduced order models is shown to further increase the computational efficiency by up to a factor of six.
Effect of Cu Salt Molarity on the Nanostructure of CuO Prolate Spheroid
Authors: Sabeeh Sabah H. , Hussein Hashim Abed , Judran Hadia Kadhim
Published: August 2016

Copper sulfate pentahydrate was used as a source of Cu ion with five different molarities (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 2 and 0.25[Formula: see text]M). XRD, FE-SEM and TEM techniques all showed that CuO samples have polycrystalline monoclinic structure. CuO prolate spheroid is assembled from nanoparticles as building units. It was demonstrated that the purity, morphology, size range of prolate spheroid and density of nano building units are significantly influenced by Cu precursor’s molarity. The pure phase of CuO prolate spheroid was produced via molarity of 0.2[Formula: see text]M with crystallite size of 15.1565[Formula: see text]nm while the particle size of building units ranges from 16[Formula: see text]nm to 21[Formula: see text]nm. The stability of CuO nanosuspension or nanofluid was evaluated by zeta potential analysis. The obtained properties of specific structure with large surface area of CuO prolate spheroid make it a promising candidate for wide range of potential applications as in nanofluids for cooling purposes.
Feedback control of the multi-asset Black–Scholes PDE using differential flatness theory
Authors: Rigatos G. , Siano P.
Published: August 2016

A method for feedback control of the multi-asset Black–Scholes PDE is developed. By applying semi-discretization and a finite differences scheme the multi-asset Black–Scholes PDE is transformed into a state-space model consisting of ordinary nonlinear differential equations. For this set of differential equations it is shown that differential flatness properties hold. This enables to solve the associated control problem and to succeed stabilization of the options’ dynamics. It is shown that the previous procedure results into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and to an associated state equations model. For the local subsystems, into which a Black–Scholes PDE is decomposed, it becomes possible to apply boundary-based feedback control. The controller design proceeds by showing that the state-space model of the Black–Scholes PDE stands for a differentially flat system. Next, for each subsystem which is related to a nonlinear ODE, a virtual control input is computed, that can invert the subsystem’s dynamics and can eliminate the subsystem’s tracking error. From the last row of the state-space description, the control input (boundary condition) that is actually applied to the multi-asset Black–Scholes PDE system is found. This control input contains recursively all virtual control inputs which were computed for the individual ODE subsystems associated with the previous rows of the state-space equation. Thus, by tracing the rows of the state-space model backwards, at each iteration of the control algorithm, one can finally obtain the control input that should be applied to the Black–Scholes PDE system so as to assure that all its state variables will converge to the desirable setpoints.
Inverse problem and concentration method of a continuous-in-time financial model
Authors: Chakkour Tarik , Frénod Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

In a continuous-in-time model, there is an important financial quantity called Loan which cannot be determined directly in terms of algebraic spending but has a major impact on the financial strategy. In this paper, we use a mathematical framework to discuss an inverse problem of determining the implied Loan Measure from Algebraic Spending Measure when it is possible. In addition, we build a numerical method to concentrate a measure as a sum of Dirac masses.
Till geochemistry and mineralogy: vectoring towards Cu porphyry deposits in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Plouffe A. , Ferbey T. , Hashmi S. , Ward B. C.
Published: August 2016

Regional till sampling was completed near four Cu porphyry mineralized zones in south-central British Columbia, Canada: Highland Valley Copper (Cu-Mo), Gibraltar (Cu-Mo), and Mount Polley (Cu-Au-Ag) deposits, and the Woodjam (Cu-Au-Mo) prospect. At all sites, Cu concentrations in the clay-sized fraction and chalcopyrite grains (0.25 – 0.5 mm; >3.2 specific gravity) are found in greater abundance in till near and down-ice from mineralized zones compared to surrounding background regions. At Mount Polley, the abundance of gold grains in till defines a dispersal train extending at least 3 km down-ice (SW and NW) from mineralization. At three sites out of four, epidote in till heavy mineral concentrates occurs in greater percentage near and down-ice from mineralized zones compared to background regions suggesting that this mineral could be an indicator of propylitic alteration associated with porphyry mineralization. The distribution pattern of Cu concentrations and chalcopyrite grains in till is controlled by the distribution of Cu-porphyry mineral occurrences in bedrock and the direction of ice-flow movements which prevailed during the last glaciation. By comparing study sites, there is a positive relationship between the areal extent of bedrock mineralization that was exposed to glacial erosion and the absolute values of Cu concentrations and chalcopyrite grain counts in till. In the Woodjam region where the till is thick (>10 m), eight samples with background Cu concentrations in the clay-sized fraction of till contain >4 grains of chalcopyrite/10 kg which is indicative of mineralization. This study demonstrates that a combination of till geochemistry and mineralogy is an efficient method for mineral exploration for Cu porphyry deposits covered by variable amounts of glacial sediments.

Supplementary material:
The full data sets on till geochemistry and mineralogy are available at:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3291503
Quantifying hydrothermal alteration with normative minerals and other chemical tools at the Beattie Syenite, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada
Authors: Mathieu Lucie
Published: August 2016

Methods to quantify hydrothermal alteration are used to: document alteration halos; to comprehend hydrothermal processes; and to prospect for mineralisation formed by such processes. The chemical methods available are numerous and each has specific advantages, limitations and fields of application. This study focuses on the hydrothermal process at Beattie, a Neoarchean gold deposit hosted by the Beattie Syenite within the Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Superior Province, Canada. To quantify alteration, it was necessary to use the following chemical methods: (1) mass-balance calculations; (2) normative minerals and related alteration indices; and (3) Pearce Element Ratios (PER) diagrams. In the study area, silicification and carbonatisation are satisfactorily quantified by alteration indices, while alkali metasomatism was best estimated by mass-balance calculations and PER diagrams. Combining these methods, the following alteration types have been documented: K-feldspar alteration, silicification, and Na-Ca-leaching are intense and proximal to gold mineralisation; carbonatisation is widespread and intense; and sericitisation and chloritisation are minor to absent. It is proposed that, at the Beattie Syenite, the formation of white mica and chlorite and the mobilisation of alkali and silica are consequences of the predominant process related to carbonatisation.
Major contribution of central pulmonary reservoir discharge to increased pulmonary arterial diastolic blood flow after birth in near-term lambs
Authors: Smolich Joseph J. , Mynard Jonathan P.
Published: August 2016

Recent fetal lamb data have suggested that the pulmonary trunk (PT) region displays a reservoir function and that a pharmacologically induced fall in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increases and redistributes diastolic discharge from this central pulmonary reservoir toward the lungs, thereby producing a positive diastolic offset in the pulmonary arterial (PA) blood flow profile. As a similar offset in PA flow characteristically occurs after birth, this study tested the hypotheses that 1) central pulmonary reservoir discharge is both redistributed toward the lungs and increased in magnitude during the birth transition and 2) discharge from this reservoir constitutes a major component of increased PA diastolic blood flow after birth. Six anesthetized near-term fetal lambs were instrumented with PT, ductal and left PA transit-time flow probes, and aortic, PT and left atrial catheters. Hemodynamic data were recorded in fetuses and at regular intervals during 2-h mechanical ventilation following cesarean section delivery. Diastolic PA blood flow rose from near zero in fetuses to 468 ± 188 ml/min by 15 min ( P < 0.001). Central pulmonary reservoir discharge in fetuses (99 ± 44 ml/min) passed primarily right-to-left across the ductus. However, this reservoir discharge redistributed entirely to the lungs by 1 min after birth, and then doubled to a peak of 214 ± 167 ml/min at 15 min ( P < 0.001). Reservoir discharge subsequently stabilized at 151 ± 60 ml/min at 30–120 min, which comprised ∼50% of diastolic and ∼20% of mean PA blood flow. These findings suggest that enhanced diastolic central pulmonary reservoir discharge plays a major role in supporting an increased pulmonary perfusion after birth.
Post-oral sugar detection rapidly and chemospecifically modulates taste-guided behavior
Authors: Schier Lindsey A. , Spector Alan C.
Published: August 2016

Several recent studies have shown that post-oral sugar sensing rapidly stimulates ingestion. Here, we explored the specificity with which early-phase post-oral sugar sensing influenced ingestive motivation. In experiment 1, rats were trained to associate the consumption of 0.3 M sucrose with injections of LiCl (3.0 meq/kg ip, conditioned taste aversion) or given equivalent exposures to the stimuli, but in an unpaired fashion. Then, all rats were subjected to two brief-access tests to assess appetitive and consummatory responses to the taste properties of sucrose (0.01–1.0 M), 0.12 M NaCl, and dH2O (in 10-s trials in randomized blocks). Intraduodenal infusions of either 0.3 M sucrose or equiosmolar 0.15 M NaCl (3.0 ml) were administered, beginning just before each test. For unpaired rats, intraduodenal sucrose specifically enhanced licking for 0.03–1.0 M sucrose, with no effect on trial initiation, relative to intraduodenal NaCl. Rats with an aversion to sucrose suppressed licking responses to sucrose in a concentration-dependent manner, as expected, but the intraduodenal sucrose preload did not appear to further influence licking responses; instead, intraduodenal sucrose attenuated trial initiation. Using a serial taste reactivity (TR) paradigm, however, experiment 2 demonstrated that intraduodenal sucrose preloads suppressed ingestive oromotor responses to intraorally delivered sucrose in rats with a sucrose aversion. Finally, experiment 3 showed that intraduodenal sucrose preloads enhanced preferential licking to some representative tastants tested (sucrose, Polycose, and Intralipid), but not others (NaCl, quinine). Together, the results suggest that the early phase-reinforcing efficacy of post-oral sugar is dependent on the sensory and motivational properties of the ingesta.
Epigenetic Modulation as a Therapeutic Prospect for Treatment of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Ciechomska Marzena , O’Reilly Steven
Published: August 2016

Systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases are considered as autoimmune diseases, meaning that the balance between recognition of pathogens and avoidance of self-attack is impaired and the immune system attacks and destroys its own healthy tissue. Treatment with conventional Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and/or Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) is often associated with various adverse reactions due to unspecific and toxic properties of those drugs. Although biologic drugs have largely improved the outcome in many patients, such drugs still pose significant problems and fail to provide a solution to all patients. Therefore, development of more effective treatments and improvements in early diagnosis of rheumatic diseases are badly needed in order to increase patient’s functioning and quality of life. The reversible nature of epigenetic mechanisms offers a new class of drugs that modulate the immune system and inflammation. In fact, epigenetic drugs are already in use in some types of cancer or cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, epigenetic-based therapeutics that control autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory process have broad implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of rheumatic diseases. This review summarises the latest information about potential therapeutic application of epigenetic modification in targeting immune abnormalities and inflammation of rheumatic diseases.
Impact of Decreased Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels on Central Aortic Compliance in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants
Authors: Akazawa Yohei , Kamiya Motoko , Yamazaki Shoko , Kawasaki Yoichiro , Nakamura Chizuko , Takeuchi Yusuke , Hachiya Akira , Kusakari Mai , Miyosawa Yukihide , Motoki Noriko , Koike Kenichi , Nakamura Tomohiko
Published: August 2016

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with arterial hypertension in adulthood; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Objectives: We hypothesized that serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels affect central aortic elastic properties and structure in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. Methods: Eighteen SGA infants and 22 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants were enrolled in this study. The serum IGF-1 level within 1 h of birth and abdominal aortic echo parameters at 1 week of age were retrospectively compared. Results: In the SGA infants, IGF-1 levels (27.6 ± 17.7 vs. 42.6 ± 15 ng/ml, p = 0.006), aortic strain (10.2 ± 3.1 vs. 12.8 ± 3.1%, p = 0.01), and aortic distensibility (0.73 ± 0.19 vs. 0.92 ± 0.34 cm2/dyn × 10-4, p = 0.05) were significantly lower compared with AGA infants. By contrast, blood pressure, aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) in relation to body weight (383 ± 163 vs. 256 ± 43 μm/kg, p < 0.001), aortic stiffness index in relation to body weight (2.0 ± 1.7 vs. 1.1 ± 0.4, p = 0.005), and arterial pressure-strain elastic modulus (293 ± 72 vs. 242 ± 78 mm Hg, p = 0.04) were higher compared with AGA infants. In the SGA infants, IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with aortic strain (r = 0.49, p = 0.04), aIMT in relation to body weight (r = -0.61, p = 0.007), and aortic stiffness index in relation to body weight (r = -0.63, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Decreased serum IGF-1 levels in SGA infants may affect the vascular compliance and structure of the central aorta.
Equatorial Staphyloma Associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Shimada Yoshiaki , Horiguchi Masayuki
Published: August 2016

We report a case of a 38-year-old man who presented with a recently self-detected lump under his left eyebrow. Previous ophthalmological history was unremarkable except for unilateral high myopia (left eye) since childhood. The appearance of the left eye was seemingly normal; however, with the top lid pulled up on downward gaze, a dark brown bulge emerged. The bulge was 10 × 7 mm and approximately 4 mm in height, and was covered by the extended superior rectus muscle. The diagnosis of equatorial staphyloma was made after coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit revealed the dilatation of the vitreous cavity. Ocular movements were fully maintained and visual acuity was largely spared: 20/15 in the right eye without correction and 20/25 in the left eye with –10.00 spheres and –4.00 × 80 degrees cylinders. His past and family histories were unremarkable; however, small neurofibromas and café au lait spots all over his body led to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). From this case, similar to previous reports, we suggest that manifestations of NF1 are extremely variable and unpredictable.
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor Including Aneurysmal Bone Cyst-Like Areas in Pregnancy - a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kelten Canan , Boyaci Ceren , Leblebici Cem , Behzatoglu Kemal , Trabulus Didem C. , Sari Serkan , Nazli Mehmet A. , Bozkurt Erol R.
Published: August 2016

Background: Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare biphasic neoplasms. Only few cases related to pregnancy have been reported. Case Report: A 37-year-old woman presented with swelling and pain in her left breast as well as hyperemia on the breast skin, 4 weeks after labor. In her family history, her aunt and maternal cousin had had a breast cancer diagnosis. Clinical evaluation of the patient was consistent with a breast abscess. Therefore, abscess drainage and biopsy from the cavity wall were performed. However, the biopsy was diagnosed as malignant phyllodes tumor. An evaluation by ultrasonography showed a well-defined hypoechoic mass with many cystic spaces covering the entire breast tissue. Therefore, a simple mastectomy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed a high-grade malignant phyllodes tumor. Additionally, bone cyst-like areas in the form of sponge-like blood-filled non-endothelialized spaces were observed. Conclusions: Since the breasts become larger due to the physiological changes during pregnancy, any underlying breast lesions may be obscured. Therefore, clinical breast examination in the first visit of pregnancy is important.
The Relationship between the Clinical Progression of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Study
Authors: Fu Yongqiang , Zhou Zhe , Yang Bing , Zhang Kai , He Lijun , Zhang Xianghua
Published: August 2016

Objective: To investigate whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: A total of 525 community-dwelling men (aged 45-78) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) who had complete data at 3-year follow-up were included in this prospective study. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, prostate ultrasonography for prostate volume (PV), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) and biological parameters were recorded. Participants were divided into a BPH with the MetS group and a BPH without the MetS group, and all received a 3-year follow-up to monitor possible correlations between LUTS/BPH clinical progression and MetS. Results: The results showed that MetS was associated with IPSS, Qmax and PV (p < 0.05) after 3-year follow-up. The mean change of IPSS, PV and Qmax were positively and negatively correlated with time in the BPH with MetS group during the 3-year follow-up. In addition, the BPH clinical progression rate was significantly higher in the BPH with MetS group, compared with the BPH without MetS group (p < 0.05). Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension were related to increased risk of BPH clinical progression. Conclusions: The present results suggest that MetS, in particular, DM and hypertension, may accelerate the clinical progression of BPH in community-dwelling middle-aged and older men.
Trajectories of Risk Factors and Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Rahman Faisal , Yin Xiaoyan , Larson Martin G. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Lubitz Steven A. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , McManus David D. , Magnani Jared W. , Benjamin Emelia J.
Published: August 2016

The associations of long-term patterns of risk factors and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) are incompletely characterized. Among 4351 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50±11 years at baseline examination, 57% women) from the original and offspring cohorts, we defined longitudinal patterns, referred to as trajectories, of AF risk factors and a composite AF risk score using ≈16 years of data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association of trajectories to 15-year risk of AF. During follow-up, 719 participants developed AF. Five distinct trajectory groups were identified for systolic blood pressure (BP): groups 1 and 2 (normotensive throughout), group 3 (prehypertensive), group 4 (hypertensive initially with decreasing BP), and group 5 (hypertensive and increasing BP). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared with group 1, groups 4 (hazard ratio 2.05; 95% confidence interval 1.24–3.37) and 5 (hazard ratio 1.95; 95% confidence interval 1.08–3.49) were associated with incident AF. Three trajectory groups were identified for antihypertensive treatment. Compared with the group with no treatment throughout, the other 2 groups were associated with increased risk of incident AF. Distinct trajectories for diastolic BP, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and the composite risk score were not associated with increased 15-year risk of AF. Longitudinal trajectories may distinguish how exposures related to AF contribute toward prospective AF risk. Distinct trajectory groups with persistently elevated systolic BP and longer antihypertensive treatment are associated with increased risk of incident AF.
The First Neo-Liberal Science: Management and Neo-Liberalism
Authors: Hanlon Gerard
Published: August 2016

There has been much recent scholarship on the nature of neo-liberalism. What follows develops these connections by examining early neo-liberal and management thought. The article explores the foundations of neo-liberal and management theory to argue they share fundamental features – namely active intervention, prioritising competition and the necessity of elite leadership. The purpose of all three is to reshape subjectivity and social relations. This exploration argues both projects share similar origins and that the objective of neo-liberalism, wherein subjectivity and social relations are changed along competitive lines, lies at the heart of the management programme.
Against Modern Football: Mobilising Protest Movements in Social Media
Authors: Hill Tim , Canniford Robin , Millward Peter
Published: August 2016

Recent debates in sociology consider how Internet communications might catalyse leaderless, open-ended, affective social movements that broaden support and bypass traditional institutional channels to create change. We extend this work into the field of leisure and lifestyle politics with an empirical study of Internet-mediated protest movement, Stand Against Modern Football. We explain how social media facilitate communications that transcend longstanding rivalries, and engender shared affective frames that unite diverse groups against corporate logics. In examining grassroots organisation, communication and protest actions that span online and urban locations, we discover sustained interconnectedness with traditional social movements, political parties, the media and the corporate targets of protests. Finally, we suggest that Internet-based social movements establish stable forms of organisation and leadership at these networked intersections in order to advance instrumental programmes of change.
The Contexts and Dynamics of Science Communication and Language
Authors: Rice Ronald E. , Giles Howard
Published: August 2016

This final contribution to this special Journal of Language and Social Psychology issue on “using the science of language to improve translation of the language of science” places the articles in the context and nature of the broader literature on science communication, particularly as it relates to the media. This framework is crafted with a view to identifying the complex factors and processes that create translation problems, highlighting models and approaches that can improve science communication. Throughout, we propose a parsimonious set of research agenda items. Scholars wishing to move between different models of science communication should take into consideration the processes of formative evaluation, intergroup accommodation, and message design logics.
The Influence of Meniscal and Anterolateral Capsular Injury on Knee Laxity in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Musahl Volker , Rahnemai-Azar Ata A. , Costello Joanna , Arner Justin W. , Fu Freddie H. , Hoshino Yuichi , Lopomo Nicola , Samuelsson Kristian , Irrgang James J.
Published: August 2016

Background:

The role of the anterolateral capsule (ALC) as a secondary restraint to quantitative rotatory laxity of patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is currently debated.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to determine the influence of concomitant ALC injuries as well as injuries to other soft tissue structures on rotatory knee laxity in patients with an ACL injury. It was hypothesized that a concomitant ALC injury would be associated with increased rotatory knee laxity as measured during a quantitative pivot-shift test.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Forty-one patients with an ACL injury (average age, 23 ± 6.9 years) were enrolled. Two blinded musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for the presence of ACL injuries and concomitant soft tissue injuries including the ALC, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, posterolateral corner, medial meniscus, and lateral meniscus. A standardized pivot-shift test was performed under anesthesia, and rotatory laxity was quantified according to anterior translation of the lateral tibial compartment during the pivot-shift maneuver. The Student t test was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results:

A complete ACL rupture was confirmed in all of the patients. MRI evidence of an ALC injury was observed in 21 (51%) of the patients. Patients with MRI evidence of an ALC injury had significantly higher rotatory knee laxity (3.6 ± 1.5 mm) compared with those without an ALC injury (2.7 ± 1.5 mm; P = .04). Lateral and medial meniscus injuries were detected in 17 (41%) and 19 (46%) patients, respectively. Patients with MRI evidence of either a medial meniscus injury or lateral meniscus injury had significantly higher rotatory knee laxity compared with patients without these injuries (medial meniscus: 3.7 ± 1.4 mm vs 2.7 ± 1.6 mm, respectively; lateral meniscus: 3.7 ± 1.7 mm vs 2.7 ± 1.3 mm, respectively) ( P = .03 for both).

Conclusion:

MRI evidence of a concomitant injury to the ALC, medial meniscus, or lateral meniscus is associated with increased knee rotatory laxity in patients with an ACL injury. These structures may function as important secondary stabilizers in an ACL-injured knee. Careful assessment and proper treatment of injuries to these secondary stabilizers should be considered, especially in knees with a high level of the pivot shift.
Measuring Method Effects
Authors: Eid Michael , Geiser Christian , Koch Tobias
Published: August 2016

This article presents an overview of recent psychometric developments in the area of multimethod measurement, in which we argue that different types of research designs require different types of models. In particular, two types of measurement models for method effects can be distinguished. First, models with a general factor, in which method effects are defined as deviations from a common trait, and second, models for contrasting methods, in which method effects are defined relative to another method but not to a general trait. We argue that the first type of models require a two-level research design (interchangeable methods) whereas the second type of models can be applied to a one-level research design (structurally different methods). Current directions in the uses of these approaches for longitudinal research and multiple-rater studies are described.
Beyond the Search for Meaning
Authors: King Laura A. , Heintzelman Samantha J. , Ward Sarah J.
Published: August 2016

Recent advances in the science of meaning in life have taught us a great deal about the nature of the experience of meaning in life, its antecedents and consequences, and its potential functions. Conclusions based on self-report measures of meaning in life indicate that, as might be expected, it is associated with many aspects of positive functioning. However, this research also indicates that the experience of meaning in life may come from unexpectedly quotidian sources, including positive mood and coherent life experiences. Moreover, the experience of meaning in life may be quite a bit more commonplace than is often portrayed. Attending to the emerging science of meaning in life suggests not only potentially surprising conclusions but new directions for research on this important aspect of well-being.
Childhood-Diagnosed ADHD, Symptom Progression, and Reversal Learning in Adulthood
Authors: McCarthy Hazel , Stanley Jessica , Piech Richard , Skokauskas Norbert , Mulligan Aisling , Donohoe Gary , Mullins Diane , Kelly John , Johnson Katherine , Fagan Andrew , Gill Michael , Meaney James , Frodl Thomas
Published: August 2016

Objective: ADHD persists in up to 60% into adulthood, and the reasons for persistence are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the neurofunctional basis of decision making in those with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD with either persistent or remitted symptoms in adulthood versus healthy control participants. Method: Thirty-two adults diagnosed with ADHD as children were split into persistent ( n = 18) or remitted ( n = 14) ADHD groups. Their neural activity and neurofunctional connectivity during a probabilistic reversal learning task were compared with 32 healthy controls. Results: Remitters showed significantly higher neural connectivity in final reversal error and probabilistic error conditions, and persisters depict higher neural connectivity in reversal errors than controls at a family-wise error (FWE) corrected whole-brain corrected threshold. Conclusion: Remitters may have utilized higher neural connectivity than controls to make successful decisions. Also, remitters may have utilized compensatory strategies to override any potential underlying ADHD deficits.
Numerical analysis and simulations of the magnetic field and hydrophobicity effect on the journal bearing dynamics
Authors: Fialová Simona , Pochylý František , Malenovský Eduard
Published: August 2016

The article contains mathematical models of Reynolds equation with the effects of hydrophobicity of surface and magnetic field. The first section provides a new mathematical model of the solution of the generalized Reynolds equation and its application for a hydrophilic surface. It also derives a new boundary condition for the contact of a flowing liquid with a hydrophobic surface. This wettability condition is defined in dependence on the adhesion coefficient k. The second part presents mathematical models of Reynolds equation including the effect of hydrophobia and magnetic field. For all problems, the solutions are shown and the definitions of the stiffness and damping matrices of the liquid layer are outlined. From the results, it can be deduced that hydrophobic surface significantly affects the velocity profile of the liquid. It leads to a higher effect of the Lorentz force and thus of the magnetic field in comparison with a hydrophilic surface of the bearing lining.
Contextualizing Afghan refugee views of depression through narratives of trauma, resettlement stress, and coping
Authors: Alemi Qais , James Sigrid , Montgomery Susanne
Published: August 2016

This qualitative study explored how Afghan refugees conceptualize frames of mind that may reflect depression in general and as it relates to trauma they experienced. We performed in-depth interviews with 18 Afghans residing in the San Diego area. Views regarding the causes, symptoms, and perceived treatments of depression were gathered through free-listing techniques, and supplemented with narratives relating to pre- and post-resettlement stressors and coping mechanisms. Data were analyzed with standard qualitative content analysis methods. Items endorsed with relation to depression causality included pre-migration war traumas, notably separation from family, and post-migration stressors including status dissonance and cultural conflicts that ranged from linguistic challenges to intergenerational problems. Depressive symptoms were viewed as highly debilitating, and included changes in temperament, altered cognitions, avoidance and dissociative behaviors, and somatic complaints. Relief was sought through family reunification and community support, reliance on prayer, and the academic success of their children in the US. The findings underscore the need for practitioners to take into account situational stressors, cultural aspects of mourning and symptomatology, and existing coping mechanisms in developing interventions that are based on refugees’ articulated needs.
Uses and Gratifications factors for social media use in teaching: Instructors’ perspectives
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Haythornthwaite Caroline , Paulin Drew , Gilbert Sarah , del Valle Marc Esteve
Published: August 2016

This research was motivated by an interest in understanding how social media are applied in teaching in higher education. Data were collected using an online questionnaire, completed by 333 instructors in higher education, that asked about general social media use and specific use in teaching. Education and learning theories suggest three potential reasons for instructors to use social media in their teaching: (1) exposing students to practices, (2) extending the range of the learning environment, and (3) promoting learning through social interaction and collaboration. Answers to open-ended questions about how social media were used in teaching, and results of a factor analysis of coded results, revealed six distinct factors that align with these reasons for use: (1) facilitating student engagement, (2) instructor’s organization for teaching, (3) engagement with outside resources, (4) enhancing student attention to content, (5) building communities of practice, and (6) resource discovery. These factors accord with a Uses and Gratifications perspective that depicts adopters as active media users choosing and shaping media use to meet their own needs. Results provide a more comprehensive picture of social media use than found in previous work, encompassing not only the array of media used but also the range of purposes associated with use of social media in contemporary teaching initiatives.
Does the COPD assessment test reflect functional status in patients with COPD?
Authors: Gulart Aline Almeida , Munari Anelise Bauer , Queiroz Ana Paula Adriano de , Cani Katerine Cristhine , Matte Darlan Laurício , Mayer Anamaria Fleig
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT) reflects the functional status of patients with COPD. Forty-seven patients underwent anthropometric assessment, spirometry, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the Glittre-activity of daily living (ADL) test (TGlittre), the London Chest ADL (LCADL) scale, and the CAT. The total score of the CAT correlated with 6MWT distance, TGlittre time spent, and LCADL%total ( r = −0.56, 0.52, and 0.78, respectively; p < 0.05 for all). There was significant difference in 6MWT distance (490 ± 85.4 m vs. 387 ± 56.8 m), TGlittre time spent (3.67 ± 1.07 min vs. 5.03 ± 1.32 min), and LCADL%total (24.2 ± 3.02% vs. 44.4 ± 13.3%) between the low and high impacts of COPD on health status (respectively, p < 0.05 for all) as well as in the LCADL%total between medium and high impact of COPD on health status (31.3 ± 7.35% vs. 44.4 ± 13.3%; p = 0.001). In conclusion, the CAT reflects the functional status of patients with COPD.