bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlação entre hipertrigliceridemia e estenose carotídea em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico
Authors: Santos Adriane Cristina Vieira do , Silva Felipe Luan Lima da , Silva João Ferreira da , Bouillet Leoneide Érica Maduro , Honorato Marcos Manoel
Published: September 2023

Introdução: a doença cerebrovascular tem etiologia multifatorial, dependendo de predisposição genética e elementos ambientais relacionados à dieta e ao estilo de vida. Assim como a hipertensão arterial e o diabetes, a dislipidemia também é considerada um fator de risco importante. O controle da hipercolesterolemia há algum tempo é alvo do tratamento e da prevenção da aterosclerose, inclusive da estenose carotídea e consequentemente de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi). Por outro lado, há poucos estudos associando a hipertrigliceridemia com o grau de doença carotídea. Objetivo: fazer a correlação entre hipertrigliceridemia e estenose carotídea em pacientes com AVCi. Metodologia: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa-descritiva. Analisou-se prontuários de 100 pacientes com diagnóstico de AVCi, além de dados sociodemográficos, fatores de risco, sinais e sintomas clínicos, assim como exames complementares. Considerou-se estenose crítica da carótida aquela igual ou maior que 70% e hipertrigliceridemia se valores maiores que 150 mg/dl. Resultado: a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 69,6 anos. A maioria era do sexo feminino (54%), predominava déficit motor (79%) e de linguagem (63%). O fator de risco mais encontrado foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (79%). Observou-se que 38% tinham hipercolesterolemia e 35% tinham hipertrigliceridemia. Estenose crítica de carótida esteve presente em 9,21% e todos desse subgrupo apresentavam hipertrigliceridemia (p=0,008 e odds-ratio=3,7). Conclusão: existe uma associação positiva entre hipertrigliceridemia, estenose de carótida e acidente vascular encefálico.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limbs of artisanal fisherwomen / shellfish gatherers of Brazil
Authors: Rêgo Rita Franco , Müller Juliana dos Santos , Falcão Ila Rocha , Silva Charlene da , Viana Wendel da Silva , Lima  Verônica Maria Cadena
Published: September 2023

Introdução: a pesca em pequena escala é responsável por pelo menos 40% do pescado consumido no mundo e, no Brasil, o trabalhador desse setor é o pescador artesanal, que contabiliza um a cada 200 brasileiros. Por se tratar de uma atividade da economia informal, as patologias que afetam esses pescadores são praticamente invisíveis nas estatísticas oficiais do país. Nesse contexto, os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos representam um grande problema socioeconômico e de saúde pública, mas sua prevalência é pouco conhecida entre trabalhadores não formais. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos nos membros inferiores e fatores associados, em pescadores artesanais/marisqueiras de Saubara, Bahia, Brasil. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, utilizando o Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, a versão brasileira do Job Content Questionnaire e um questionário sobre demandas físicas, para a coleta de informações em uma amostra aleatória de pescadores artesanais/marisqueiras, ocorridaem 2013. Resultados: a prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em membros inferiores na amostra foi de 65,5% (n=137); a prevalência no segmento coxa/joelho, perna e tornozelo/pé foi de 48,7% (n=92), 47,7% (n=95) e 38,1% (n=72), respectivamente. Observaram-se também alta frequência de obesidade, baixa escolaridade, baixos salários, idade precoce para o início do trabalho e carga horária excessiva. Fatores como idade, tabagismo, demandas físicas, tempo de trabalho, ausência de pausas e trabalho anterior, estavam associados aos referidos distúrbios. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos dos membros inferiores em pescadoras artesanais indica a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias de prevenção, diagnóstico e notificação dessas doenças.
Distúrbios congênitos e idade parental em um programa de genética comunitária
Authors: Moreno Vanesca Cristinada Silva Reis , Moreira Lília Maria de Azevedo
Published: September 2023

Introdução: no Brasil, a prevalência de malformações congênitas, de causas genéticas ou ambientais, ocorre na mesma proporção que em outros países e apresentam forte impacto na morbimortalidade infantil, sendo responsável por 1/3 das internações pediátricas e altas taxas de partos prematuros e cesáreos. Objetivo: analisar a natureza dos distúrbios congênitos de origens genética e multifatorial e eventual associação com a idade parental elevada. Metodologia: estudo de natureza descritiva e documental. Os dados foram obtidos em fichas de anamnese de um programa de genética comunitária, em uma universidade, incluindo atendimentos no período entre 1986 e 2015. Resultados: o tratamento dos dados foi realizado através do programa estatístico RStudio©, aplicando-se o teste Qui-Quadrado. Os resultados incluem diferentes distúrbios genéticos e confirmam a associação entre a idade materna avançada e trissomias autossômicas e, também, a relação de algumas condições de natureza autossômica dominante com a idade paterna. Estudos referentes a esta associação ainda carecem de pesquisas mais amplas. Quanto aos fatores ambientais, verificou-se maiortendência ao uso de substâncias teratogênicas, entre mulheres mais jovens, com finalidades abortivas. Foram analisadas 59 doenças raras, totalizando 204 casos, dentre estes, 2 crianças que apresentavam comorbidades: Acondroplasia e síndrome de Down, síndrome de Turner e Hemofilia A. Conclusão: o estudo demonstra que a idade parental deve ser considerada como fator importante no aconselhamento genético de casais. Evidencia também que a associação da idade parental com malformações congênitas e síndromes genéticas constitui um tema de relevância crescente em programas preventivos voltados para a saúde infantil.
Educação permanente em saúde e a integralidade do cuidado nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas
Authors: Martins Yuri Victor de Medeiros , Protasio Ane Polline Lacerda , Padilha Wilton Wilney Nascimento
Published: September 2023

Introdução: a Educação Permanente em Saúde consolida as suas bases teóricas e práticas em um processo dinâmico e libertador, surgindo dentro da atenção secundária odontológica, como uma ferramenta intrínseca e extrínseca com potencial para gerar reflexões e ações sobre o processo de trabalho. Objetivo: analisar as ações de Educação Permanente em Saúde e o seu impacto na integralidade do processo de trabalho dentro das rotinas da atenção de média complexidade em Odontologia. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal exploratório, baseado em dados secundários do 2º Ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas. Foi ajustado um modelo de regressão logística obtido por análises bivariadas. Resultados: a análise evidenciou que quando há matriciamento ou ações de apoio, há 26 vezes mais chances de acontecerem ações de educação permanente, assim como a presença de um gerente com formação em Saúde Coletiva, incentivo, gratificação ou prêmio financeiro dados aos profissionais por desempenho, planejamentos e avaliações organizados de forma periódica e a prática da autoavaliação, aumentando, assim, as chances dessas ações de educação acontecerem. Conclusão: evidenciou-se, neste estudo, a relação existente entre ações de Educação Permanente em Saúde e o fortalecimento da integralidade do cuidado na assistência odontológica de média complexidade praticada nos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas, entre as quais se destacam o apoio matricial, um gestor com formação em Saúde Coletiva, planejamentos e avaliações organizadas de forma periódica, bem como a autoavaliação.
Prevalência e gravidade de trauma na dentição decídua, em crianças de Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil – Salvador -BA
Authors: Cardoso Malena Rios , Paiva Amanda Luisa Rodrigues de , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Almeida Tatiana Frederico de , Cabral Maria Beatriz Barreto de Sousa
Published: September 2023

Introdução: a Organização Mundial da Saúde – OMS considera o trauma dental, como sendo um dos problemas de saúde pública mundial. Estas lesões são muito mais prevalentes na dentição decídua se comparadas à dentição permanente. Toda injúria de natureza térmica, química ou física que acometa um dente é referenciada como trauma dental. Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência e gravidade do trauma em dentes decíduos de pré-escolares de Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil em Salvador-BA. Metodologia: foi realizado estudo de natureza transversal, utilizando-se dados secundários de crianças na faixa etária de 12 a 72 meses de idade. A coleta original dos dados constituiu-se em: realização de entrevista padronizada com a mãe ou responsável pela criança e o exame línico propriamente dito. Os dados foram processados e analisados usando o programa SPSS versão 18.0. Esse estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto de Saúde Coletiva da UFBA. Resultados: encontrou-se uma prevalência de 16% de trauma em dentes decíduos, especialmente a fratura coronária (96%), sendo o sexo masculino o mais afetado assim como a faixa etária de 25-36 meses. Os dentes mais afetados foram os incisivos centrais superiores. Conclusão: considerando que a gravidadedo trauma pode causar danos na qualidade de vida de uma criança, entende-se a importância em realizar estudos epidemiológicos, bem como a necessidade de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção do trauma dental na infância.
Use of Electronic Clinical Data to Track Incidence and Mortality for SARS-CoV-2–Associated Sepsis
Authors: Shappell Claire N. , Klompas Michael , Chan Christina , Chen Tom , Kanjilal Sanjat , McKenna Caroline , Rhee Chanu ,   CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: September 2023

Importance

Efforts to quantify the burden of SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis have been limited by inconsistent definitions and underrecognition of viral sepsis.

Objective

To describe the incidence and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis vs presumed bacterial sepsis using objective electronic clinical criteria.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included adults hospitalized at 5 Massachusetts hospitals between March 2020 and November 2022.

Exposures

SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis was defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test and concurrent organ dysfunction (ie, oxygen support above simple nasal cannula, vasopressors, elevated lactate level, rise in creatine or bilirubin level, and/or decline in platelets). Presumed bacterial sepsis was defined by modified US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention adult sepsis event criteria (ie, blood culture order, sustained treatment with antibiotics, and organ dysfunction using identical thresholds as for SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Trends in the quarterly incidence (ie, proportion of hospitalizations) and in-hospital mortality for SARS-CoV-2–associated and presumed bacterial sepsis were assessed using negative binomial and logistic regression models.

Results

This study included 431 017 hospital encounters from 261 595 individuals (mean [SD] age 57.9 [19.8] years, 241 131 (55.9%) females, 286 397 [66.5%] from academic hospital site). Of these encounters, 23 276 (5.4%) were from SARS-CoV-2, 6558 (1.5%) had SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis, and 30 604 patients (7.1%) had presumed bacterial sepsis without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Crude in-hospital mortality for SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis declined from 490 of 1469 (33.4%) in the first quarter to 67 of 450 (14.9%) in the last (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85-0.90] per quarter). Crude mortality for presumed bacterial sepsis was 4451 of 30 604 patients (14.5%) and stable across quarters (aOR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.99-1.01]). Medical record reviews of 200 SARS-CoV-2–positive hospitalizations confirmed electronic health record (EHR)–based SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis criteria performed well relative to sepsis-3 criteria (90.6% [95% CI, 80.7%-96.5%] sensitivity; 91.2% [95% CI, 85.1%-95.4%] specificity).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adults, SARS-CoV-2 accounted for approximately 1 in 6 cases of sepsis during the first 33 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In-hospital mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis were high but declined over time and ultimately were similar to presumed bacterial sepsis. These findings highlight the high burden of SARS-CoV-2–associated sepsis and demonstrate the utility of EHR-based algorithms to conduct surveillance for viral and bacterial sepsis.
Cryo‐EM structures of CusA Reveal a Mechanism of Metal‐Ion Export
Authors: Moseng Mitchell A. , Klenotic Philip A. , Yu Edward W.
Published: September 2023

Gram‐negative bacteria utilize the resistance‐nodulation‐cell division (RND) superfamily of efflux pumps to remove toxic compounds from the cell. TheEscherichia coliCusA membrane protein is responsible for recognizing and extruding biocidal Cu(I) and Ag(I) ions. This membrane protein belongs to the heavy‐metal efflux (HME) subfamily of RND efflux transporters. We use single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) to solve four different structures of the trimeric CusA heavy‐metal efflux pump in the presence of Cu(I). We discovered that different CusA protomers within the trimer are able to bind Cu(I) ions simultaneously. Our structural data allow us to propose a mechanism for ion transport where each CusA protomer functions independently within the trimer.
Transition Metal Catalysts for Depolymerization
Authors: Luk James , Kumar Amit
Published: September 2023

The global production and use of plastics is ever increasing, and consequently, so is plastic waste. Chemical recycling or depolymerization offers a potentially sustainable solution to the crisis of plastic pollution, enabling the production of either valuable organic compounds or monomers for a closed‐loop system. A vast amount of such depolymerization processes involve transition‐metal‐based catalysts. This review article provides a synopsis of various methods used for the transition‐metal‐catalyzed depolymerization of plastics. Processes based on both hetero‐ and homogeneous catalysts have been reviewed along with details of commercialized processes where relevant. The content has been divided on the basis of the type of plastics—polyolefins (polyethenes, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride), polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyureas. Processes based on pyrolysis, hydrogenolysis, and solvolysis have been discussed throughout the article as promising tools for the depolymerization of plastics. Considering that there is a plethora of literature on plastic degradation, we have focused only on the processes where a transition metal is used as a catalyst under thermal conditions. Therefore, several other processes such as plastic degradation using enzyme, plasma, supercritical solvents, and ionic liquid or photodegradation have been deemed out of scope of this article.
Photocage Complexes for Zn
2+
and Biologically Relevant Metal Ion Release
Authors: Hickey Erin E. , Burdette Shawn C.
Published: September 2023

Photocaged complexes are important chemical tools for studying dynamic events in biology such as signaling and metal ion homeostasis. Several strategies now exist for photocaging metal ions based on the reactivity of light‐active nitroaromatics and similar chromophores. Designing an effective photocage requires balancing several different factors including photoactivity, metal ion selectivity, and ease of access to the desired molecules. The most widely available photocaged complexes are intended for investigating the biochemistry of calcium; however, more recent work has expanded the toolbox to include photocages designed to probe the importance of zinc and copper. In addition, detailed investigations of the photochemistry have revealed some best practices needed to design the best photocage for a particular application.
Engineering Symmetry Breaking Enables Efficient Bulk Spin‐Orbit Torque‐Driven Perpendicular Magnetization Switching
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Kun , Li Bo , Hong Bin , Huang Wentao , He Yu , Feng Xueqiang , Zhang Zhizhong , Lin Kelian , Zhao Weisheng , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2023

To overcome the interfacial nature of spin‐orbit torque (SOT) in bilayers, novel bulk SOT (BSOT) is widely investigated to implement high‐density and low‐power spintronic devices. However, the underlying mechanism of efficient BSOT switching remains unclear, especially the anomalously enhanced effective spin Hall angle (θSH) with increasing ferromagnet thickness (tFM), due to lacking simple and high‐tunable material systems. Here, a series of Pt/Co multilayers with invariable thickness gradient and varying stacking numbers is designed to systematically explore BSOT origin and enable efficient switching via engineering symmetry breaking. As tFM increases, the critical current density decreases while the switching efficiency and θSH build up. Comparative experiments directly demonstrate that gradient‐induced local spin current is more efficient than that in the bilayer. Moreover, x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results reveal that the increasing stacking number can effectively engineer the symmetry breaking at Pt/Co interface to induce strong interfacial spin‐orbit coupling. On this basis, it is concluded that the BSOT effect, as well as the anomalously enhanced switching efficiency, and θSH arises from gradient‐induced bulk and interface symmetry breaking. These findings clarify the underlying mechanism of BSOT, and broaden the scope of material engineering to improve switching efficiency and inspire more memory and computing applications.
Unveiling the Potential of Colorless Polyimide‐Derived Laser‐Induced Graphene: A Novel Pathway for Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvester Performance
Authors: Jeong Sung‐Yeob , Ito Yusuke , Kwon Yong‐Wan , Sun Huijie , Chung Jae‐Yeop , Suk Myung‐Eun , Sugita Naohiko
Published: September 2023

The potential of laser‐induced graphene (LIG), recognized for its distinct attributes in diverse fields, has significantly grown. However, the creation of LIG using colorless polyimide (CPI) films remains unexplored. This research sheds light on the graphitization technique for generating LIG from CPI films via laser techniques, a process validated through ReaxFF simulations. It is also illustrated that CPI integrated with fluorine atoms possesses an elevated porous configuration, rendering it apt for high‐sensitivity, low‐detection limit pressure sensors. The pressure sensor, constructed with LIG derived from CPI, showcases superior performance metrics such as an exceptional sensitivity rate of 60.340 kPa−1in low‐pressure ranges (1.0–1.5 kPa), prompt response and recovery intervals (27/36 ms), and commendable durability. The sensor's ability is further validated to precisely track human movements. Moreover, the study employs the LIG sourced from CPI as a dielectric‐to‐dielectric triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), yielding a peak power output of 411.4 mW m−2under a 40 MΩ load resistance. The CPI‐based LIG offers increased porosity in comparison to traditional LIG, which aids in superior functioning in pressure sensors and TENG devices. This research offers a fresh perspective on the application possibilities of CPI‐sourced LIG, notably in pressure sensors and energy harvesting devices.
Multichromism in Halide Perovskites
Authors: Kanwat Anil , Yantara Natalia , Kajal Priyanka , Mathews Nripan
Published: September 2023

The flexibility and adaptability of halide perovskites position them as a promising material for a variety of cutting‐edge technologies. In addition to their primary applications in photovoltaics and light‐emitting diodes, they have recently garnered interest for potential use in switchable technologies, such as smart windows, switchable photovoltaics, memory devices, neuromorphic computing, and sensors. This interest stems from these switchable properties, which allow them to alter color or other physical properties in response to external stimuli like heat, electric fields, light, pressure, and moisture. This review investigates their switching properties and examines their practical applications across a range of emerging chromic technologies. An in‐depth analysis of the mechanisms of reversibility, switchable optical and electrical properties, as well as the chemical and structural transformations these materials undergo is also presented. Furthermore, they are categorized based on their unique switching mechanisms. To assist the research community in developing new multichromic halide perovskite designs, several essential criteria are outlined for effective switchable materials. Lastly, the current challenges faced by these emerging materials are discussed, and a perspective on future developments and potential breakthroughs in this promising research area is offered.
Analog Synaptic Devices Based on IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors with a Metal–Ferroelectric–Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Structure for High‐Performance Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Kwon Dongseok , Park Eun Chan , Shin Wonjun , Koo Ryun-Han , Hwang Joon , Bae Jong-Ho , Kwon Daewoong , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: September 2023

A ferroelectric thin‐film transistor (FeTFT)‐based synaptic device with an indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) channel and a metal–ferroelectric–metal–insulator–semiconductor (MFMIS) structure is reported. The fabricated FeTFT exhibits a highly linear conductance response (|α| = 0.21) with a large dynamic range (Gmax/Gmin ≈ 53.2), although identical program pulses are applied to the device. In addition, because the inner metal layer of the FeTFTs has an MFMIS structure, the electric field is uniformly applied to the entire IGZO channel, which reduces the cycle‐to‐cycle variation (σ = 0.47%) in the conductance responses. In the system simulation with the measured synaptic characteristics, the high classification accuracy of ≈97.0% is achieved in the MNIST image set, verifying the feasibility of FeTFT‐based neuromorphic systems.
Decision‐Making and Planning Methods for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Multistate Estimations and Game Theory
Authors: Yuan Quan , Yan Fuwu , Yin Zhishuai , Chen Lv , Hu Jie , Wu Dongmei , Li Yue
Published: September 2023

A core issue inherent to decision‐making and path‐planning tasks is managing the uncertainties in the motion of dynamic obstacles. Therefore, this article proposes a new decision‐making and path‐planning framework, based on game theory, that considers the multistate future actions of surrounding vehicles. First, multistate future actions of neighboring vehicles, whose driving styles vary, are estimated and fed into a decision‐making module for risk assessment. Then, based on the Stackelberg game theory, the ego vehicle and the rear object vehicle are modeled as two players in the game, and their optimal decisions are obtained. In addition, the path‐planning model incorporates a potential‐field model that utilizes several potential functions to explain the varied styles and physical limitations of the surrounding vehicles. Finally, the trajectory of the ego vehicle is obtained through model predictive control that is based on the outputs of the decision‐making and constructed potential‐field models. The results of simulation experiments that used designed scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method effectively manages various social interactions and generates safe and appropriate trajectories for autonomous vehicles. In addition, the simulation results demonstrate that considering multistate trajectories caused the decision‐making and path‐planning modules to be appropriate for unpredictable environmental conditions.
Iodotrimethylsilane as a Reactive Ligand for Surface Etching and Passivation of Perovskite Nanocrystals toward Efficient Pure‐red to Deep‐red LEDs
Authors: Zhao Feng , Duan Hong‐Wei , Li Sheng‐Nan , Pan Jia‐Lin , Shen Wan‐Shan , Li Sheng‐Ming , Zhang Qiao , Wang Ya‐Kun , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: September 2023

Resurfacing perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with tight‐binding and conductive ligands to resolve the dynamic ligands—surface interaction is the fundamental issue for their applications in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Although various types of surface ligands have been proposed, these ligands either exhibit weak Lewis acid/base interactions or need high polar solvents for dissolution and passivation, resulting in a compromise in the efficiency and stability of PeLEDs. Herein, we report a chemically reactive agent (Iodotrimethylsilane, TMIS) to address the trade‐off among conductivity, solubility and passivation using all‐inorganic CsPbI3 NCs. The liquid TMIS ensures good solubility in non‐polar solvents and reacts with oleate ligands and produces in situ HI for surface etching and passivation, enabling strong‐binding ligands on the NCs surface. We report, as a result, red PeLEDs with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈23 %, which is 11.2‐fold higher than the control, and is among the highest CsPbI3 PeLEDs. We further demonstrate the universality of this ligand strategy in the pure bromide system (CsPbBr3), and report EQE of ≈20 % at 640, 652, and 664 nm. This represents the first demonstration of a chemically reactive ligand strategy that applies to different systems and works effectively in red PeLEDs spanning emission from pure‐red to deep‐red.
Unlocking Catalytic Potential: Exploring the Impact of Thermal Treatment on Enhanced Electrocatalysis of Nanomaterials
Authors: Kogularasu Sakthivel , Lee Yen‐Yi , Sriram Balasubramanian , Wang Sea‐Fue , George Mary , Chang‐Chien Guo‐Ping , Sheu Jinn‐Kong
Published: September 2023

In the evolving field of electrocatalysis, thermal treatment of nano‐electrocatalysts has become an essential strategy for performance enhancement. This review systematically investigates the impact of various thermal treatments on the catalytic potential of nano‐electrocatalysts. The focus encompasses an in‐depth analysis of the changes induced in structural, morphological, and compositional properties, as well as alterations in electro‐active surface area, surface chemistry, and crystal defects. By providing a comprehensive comparison of commonly used thermal techniques, such as annealing, calcination, sintering, pyrolysis, hydrothermal, and solvothermal methods, this review serves as a scientific guide for selecting the right thermal technique and favorable temperature to tailor the nano‐electrocatalysts for optimal electrocatalysis. The resultant modifications in catalytic activity are explored across key electrochemical reactions such as electrochemical (bio)sensing, catalytic degradation, oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, overall water splitting, fuel cells, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Through a detailed examination of the underlying mechanisms and synergistic effects, this review contributes to a fundamental understanding of the role of thermal treatments in enhancing electrocatalytic properties. The insights provided offer a roadmap for future research aimed at optimizing the electrocatalytic performance of nanomaterials, fostering the development of next‐generation sensors and energy conversion technologies.
Azoxy Compounds—From Synthesis to Reagents for Azoxy Group Transfer Reactions
Authors: Cai Bao‐Gui , Empel Claire , Yao Wei‐Zhong , Koenigs Rene M. , Xuan Jun
Published: September 2023

The azoxy functional group is an important structural motif and represents the formally oxidized counterpart of the azo group. Azoxy compounds find numerous applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to functional materials, yet their synthesis remains underdeveloped with a main focus on the formation symmetric azoxy compounds. To overcome challenges in the synthesis of such unsymmetric azoxy compounds, we designed a process employing readily accessible nitroso compounds and iminoiodinanes. This method builds on the use of visible light irradiation to generate a triplet nitrene from iminoiodinanes, which is trapped by nitroso arenes to give access to sulfonyl‐protected azoxy compounds with a good substrate scope and functional group tolerance. We further describe two applications of these sulfonyl‐protected azoxy compounds as radical precursors in synthesis, where the whole azoxy group can be transferred and employed in C(sp3)−H functionalization of ethers or 1,2‐difunctionalization of vinyl ethers. All of the reactions occurred at room temperature under visible light irradiation without the addition of any photoredox catalysts and additives. Control experiments, mechanism investigations, and DFT studies well explained the observed reactivity.
Exploiting the Catenane Mechanical Bond Effect for Selective Halide Anion Transmembrane Transport
Authors: Min Tay Hui , Johnson Toby G. , Docker Andrew , Langton Matthew J. , Beer Paul D.
Published: September 2023

The first examples of [2]catenanes capable of selective anion transport across a lipid bilayer are reported. The neutral halogen bonding (XB) [2]catenanes were prepared via a chloride template‐directed strategy in an unprecedented demonstration of using XB⋅⋅⋅anion interactions to direct catenane assembly from all‐neutral components. Anion binding experiments in aqueous‐organic solvent media revealed strong halide over oxoanion selectivity, and a marked enhancement in the chloride and bromide affinities of the catenanes relative to their constituent macrocycles. The catenanes additionally displayed an anti‐Hofmeister binding preference for bromide over the larger iodide anion, illustrating the efficacy of employing sigma‐hole interactions in conjunction with the mechanical bond effect to tune receptor selectivity. Transmembrane anion transport studies conducted in POPC LUVs revealed that the catenanes were more effective anion transporters than the constituent macrocycles, with high chloride over hydroxide selectivity, which is critical to potential therapeutic applications of anionophores. Remarkably these outperform existing acyclic halogen bonding anionophores with regards to this selectivity. Record chloride over nitrate anion transport selectivity was also observed. This represents a rare example of the direct translation of intrinsic anion binding affinities to anion transport behaviour, and demonstrates the key role of the catenane mechanical bond effect for enhanced anion transport selectivity.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Phosphanyl Hydrazine Building Blocks
Authors: Wang Chuanyong , Yang Qingliang , Dai Yuan‐Hao , Xiong Jianqi , Zheng Yu , Duan Wei‐Liang
Published: September 2023

Catalytic asymmetric methods for the synthesis of synthetically versatile P‐stereogenic building blocks offer an efficient and practical approach for the diversity‐oriented preparation of P‐chiral phosphorus compounds. Herein, we report the first nickel‐catalyzed synthesis of P‐stereogenic secondary aminophosphine‐boranes by the asymmetric addition of primary phosphines to azo compounds. We further demonstrate that the P−H and P−N bonds on these phosphanyl hydrazine building blocks can be reacted sequentially and stereospecifically to access various P‐stereogenic compounds with structural diversity.
A synergistic strategy for fabricating a highly flexible poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) nanofiber‐reinforced polyimide aerogel for high‐temperature filtration
Authors: Yue Wanli , Cao Ying , Han Ruikai , Ren Libing , Liu Simeng , Liu Fan , He Jianxin , Shao Weili , Chen Li
Published: September 2023

Particulate matter (PM) has a significant impact on air quality, especially the PM produced by automobile exhaust and high temperature environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a technology that can effectively intercept fine PM under high temperature conditions. This study reports the construction of poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) nanofiber‐reinforced polyimide aerogel (PPNFAs) filters using freeze‐drying and electrospinning for high temperature filtration. After 100 compression cycles, the maximum compressive stress of PPNFAs is reduced by only 15%. When the content of PMIA is 0.65 wt%, PPNFAs has a high porosity (97.35%), high specific surface area (8.87 m2 g−1) and highest dust holding capacity (124.8 m2 g−1). After 15 days of continuous heating test at 300°C, the filtration efficiency of PPNFAs filter for different diameter particles of impurities remained above 98%. Therefore, the PPNFAs filter prepared in this study provides a new design concept for a new generation of high temperature filters.
Low velocity impact behaviors and highly residual compressive strength of epoxy foam‐filled 3D woven composites
Authors: Yang Xiaori , Zheng Liangang , Xie Zhangting , Xu Fujun
Published: September 2023

In this work, a new type of epoxy foam‐filled 3D woven spacer composites (FF‐3DWSCs) was designed and manufactured by self‐made 3D loom and foaming technology. The low velocity impact behaviors, residual compressive properties and strengthening mechanisms of epoxy foam were systemically investigated. As the results, the FF‐3DWSCs showed higher impact load of 4000–5200 N than that of 3D woven spacer composites (3DWSCs) (2800–4300 N) at the energy from 10 to 40 J. The residual compressive strength of FF‐3DWSCs (23.85 MPa) was maintained at about 80% after 30 J energy impact. Due to the good compatibility of the epoxy foam and the epoxy resin and the synergistic effect between the pile yarn and the epoxy foam, the interface between epoxy foam and fiber/epoxy was strong. Therefore, the novel FF‐3DWSCs proposed here exhibited excellent impact properties and energy absorption capacity and can be used as a candidate material in the field of high‐performance composites.
Synergistic toughening and reinforcement of poly(lactic acid) with epoxy‐terminated hyperbranched polymers
Authors: Zhou Sudan , Guo Maolin , Jin Yujuan , Sun Jianjian , Tian Huafeng , Hu Jing
Published: September 2023

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an eco‐friendly and biodegradable material. However, its molecular chain was rigid and showed limited toughness. In this work, PLA was modified with epoxy‐terminated hyperbranched polymer (EHBP) by melt blending to improve the toughness. The results showed that epoxy groups within EHBP reacted with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of PLA, forming chemical micro‐crosslinking. In addition, intermolecular hydrogen bonds were also formed between EHBP and PLA. The combined action of the above two aspects ultimately improved the toughness and strength of PLA. The mechanical property tests results showed that the mechanical properties of PLA improved best when 2.5 phr of EHBP was added. At this point, compared with neat PLA, the maximum tensile strength, impact strength, elongation at break, and flexural modulus of PLA/EHBP increased by 17.4%, 54.5%, 107.1%, and 25.8%, respectively, compared to those of neat PLA. It achieves the goal of simultaneously enhancing the toughness and strength of PLA and subsequently expands its potential application applications.
The patient's perspective on radiation for rectal cancer: Initial expectations versus actual experience
Authors: Chaballout Basil H. , Chang Eric M. , Shaverdian Narek , Lee Percy P. , Beron Phillip J. , Steinberg Michael L. , Raldow Ann C.
Published: September 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to compare patient perceptions of radiotherapy (RT) before and after treatment to better inform future patients and providers.

Methods

Seventy‐eight consecutive patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neo‐ or adjuvant chemoradiation, surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy from 2009 to 2018 and who were without recurrence were included. Patients were surveyed ≥6 months after ileostomy reversal or ≥3 months after adjuvant chemotherapy. The survey assessed patients' baseline knowledge and fears of RT, how their short‐ and long‐term side effects compared with initial expectations, and how their experiences compared for each modality (RT, surgery, and chemotherapy).

Results

Forty patient‐responses were received. Before treatment, 70% of patients indicated little to no knowledge of RT, though 43% reported hearing frightening stories about RT. The most commonly top‐ranked fears included organ damage (26%), skin burns (14%), and inability to carry out normal daily activities (10%). Eighty percent reported short‐term effects of RT to be less than or as expected, with urinary changes (93%), abdominal discomfort (90%), and anxiety (88%) most commonly rated as less than or as expected. 85% reported long‐term effects to be less than or as expected, with pain (95%), changes to the appearance of the treated area (85%), and dissatisfaction with body image (80%) most commonly rated as less than or as expected. Surgery was most commonly rated as the most difficult treatment (50%) and most responsible for long‐term effects (55%). RT was least commonly rated as the most difficult treatment (13%), and chemotherapy was least commonly rated as most responsible for long‐term effects (13%).

Conclusions

The majority of patients indicated short‐ and long‐term side effects of RT for rectal cancer to be better than initial expectations. In the context of trimodality therapy, patients reported RT to be the least difficult of the treatments.
Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis: A peculiar presentation clustering in MET‐amplified gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhening , Yu Yiyi , Xie Tong , Qi Changsong , Zhang Xiaotian , Shen Lin , Peng Zhi
Published: September 2023

Background

The clinicopathological features of MET‐amplified gastric cancer (GC) and real‐world data on the efficacy of MET‐targeted therapies remain unknown. Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis (PLC) is a peculiar manifestation of GC, whose management has not been thoroughly described.

Methods

This study analyzed patients diagnosed with MET‐amplified GC or GC with PLC at any time point of the disease course from 2011 to 2021 in two centers. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of MET‐amplified GC were analyzed. The clinical and molecular implications of GC with PLC were discussed.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients with MET‐amplified GC and 20 patients with GC accompanied by PLC were finally enrolled for analysis (including 13 overlapped patients). GC with PLC was more common in female patients (p = 0.010), diagnosed at a younger age (p = 0.002), presented with a higher baseline ECOG PS (p = 0.016), and was more likely to develop lung metastasis (p < 0.001), and serous effusion (p = 0.026) than GC without PLC. Patients with primary MET‐amplified GC had a worse prognosis than those with secondary MET‐amplified GC (p = 0.005). The application of anti‐MET therapy was associated with numerically prolonged survival, but the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). MET amplification was concentrated in patients with PLC, in which anti‐MET therapies elicited a high response rate.

Conclusions

MET‐targeted therapies are efficacious in real‐world populations with MET‐amplified GC. Patients with PLC have distinct clinical and molecular features and might benefit from MET‐targeted therapies.
Investigation of Anticholinesterase Activity of Chemically Characterised Hieracium s. str. Methanol Extracts and Their Selected Metabolites
Authors: Milutinović Violeta , Petrović Predrag , Petković Miloš , Klaus Anita , Ušjak Ljuboš , Niketić Marjan , Petrović Silvana
Published: September 2023

The composition and anticholinesterase activity of the dried MeOH extracts of Hieracium scheppigianum and H. naegelianum underground parts (rhizomes and roots), as well as the anticholinesterase activity of the dried, previously chemically characterised MeOH extracts of the flowering aerial parts of these two and 26 other Hieracium species in the strict sense (s. str.), were investigated. Furthermore, the anticholinesterase activity of 12 selected secondary metabolites of these extracts was evaluated. Using semi‐preparative LC‐MS, five caffeoylquinic acids and the sesquiterpene lactone crepiside E were isolated from H. scheppigianum underground parts extract. All these compounds were also identified in the underground parts extract of H. naegelianum. Quantitative LC‐MS analysis showed that the analysed underground parts extracts were rich in both caffeoylquinic acids (139.77 and 156.62 mg/g of extract, respectively) and crepiside E (126.88 and 116.58 mg/g). In the Ellman method, the tested extracts showed an interesting anti‐AChE and/or anti‐BChE activity (IC50=0.56–1.58 mg/mL), which can be explained, at least partially, by the presence of some of their constituents. Among the metabolites tested, the best activity was revealed for the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin and diosmetin, and the sesquiterpene lactone 8‐epiixerisamine A (IC50=68.09–299.37 μM).
Wet‐Oxidative Desulfurization as a Flexible and Greener Way for H2S Removal from Acid Gases
Authors: Wurm Julian , Thielert Holger , von Morstein Olaf , Repke Jens-Uwe
Published: September 2023

In wet‐oxidative gas desulfurization processes, absorbed H2S is directly converted to sulfur by a redox catalyst dissolved in a circulating scrubbing solution. High flexibility is achieved through the availability of different catalyst classes. In this work, a process based on the Takahax process was investigated in a pilot plant under industrially relevant conditions with coke oven gas. A stable plant operation without sulfur precipitation was achieved by a suitable choice of the operating conditions. The solid‐free operating window was determined and a sulfur redissolution strategy developed.
Tau and the hard problem faceoff
Authors: Kosik Kenneth S.
Published: September 2023

Tau has attracted the attention of fundamental cell biologists for its control over microtubules and Alzheimer biologists for its tendency to form pathological inclusions. While an extensive and insightful literature exists on the tauopathies and vulnerable cell populations, we should acknowledge that a core problem remains—how the individually variable experience of dementia is embodied, how it is felt.
Optimal regularity for supercritical parabolic obstacle problems
Authors: Ros‐Oton Xavier , Torres‐Latorre Clara
Published: September 2023

We study the obstacle problem for parabolic operators of the type , where L is an elliptic integro‐differential operator of order 2s, such as , in the supercritical regime . The best result in this context was due to Caffarelli and Figalli, who established the regularity of solutions for the case , the same regularity as in the elliptic setting.

Here we prove for the first time that solutions are actually more regular than in the elliptic case. More precisely, we show that they are C1, 1 in space and time, and that this is optimal. We also deduce the regularity of the free boundary. Moreover, at all free boundary points , we establish the following expansion:
with , and .
A fault diagnosis method for active power factor correction power supply based on seagull algorithm optimized kernel‐based extreme learning machine
Authors: Tang Shengxue , Wang Hongfan , Wang Weiwei , Liu Chenglong
Published: September 2023

To address the issue of diagnosing hard and soft faults in active power factor correction (APFC) power supply, this study analyzes failure modes resulting from aging and malfunction of various sensitive components. The power fault waveform patterns are initially analyzed based on the circuit's THD, current ripple value, and RMS value. The inductor current signals in different fault modes are then utilized to extract and construct time–frequency fusion fault features of the APFC power supply. Finally, these feature quantities are downscaled and optimized using the RF algorithm. The SOA‐KELM model of the APFC converter is proposed, and the feature vectors under different fault modes are used to classify and diagnose faults, achieving hard and soft fault detection of the converter. The experiments show that the method achieves 100% accuracy for hard fault diagnosis and 96.36% accuracy for soft fault diagnosis of the converter, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy.
Dopaminergic regulation of inflammation and immunity in Parkinson's disease: friend or foe?
Authors: Furgiuele Alessia , Pereira Frederico C , Martini Stefano , Marino Franca , Cosentino Marco
Published: September 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting 7–10 million people worldwide. Currently, there is no treatment available to prevent or delay PD progression, partially due to the limited understanding of the pathological events which lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain, which is known to be the cause of PD symptoms. The current available treatments aim at compensating dopamine (DA) deficiency in the brain using its precursor levodopa, dopaminergic agonists and some indirect dopaminergic agents. The immune system is emerging as a critical player in PD. Therefore, immune‐based approaches have recently been proposed to be used as potential antiparkinsonian agents. It has been well‐known that dopaminergic pathways play a significant role in regulating immune responses in the brain. Although dopaminergic agents are the primary antiparkinsonian treatments, their immune regulatory effect has yet to be fully understood. The present review summarises the current available evidence of the immune regulatory effects of DA and its mimics and discusses dopaminergic agents as antiparkinsonian drugs. Based on the current understanding of their involvement in the regulation of neuroinflammation in PD, we propose that targeting immune pathways involved in PD pathology could offer a better treatment outcome for PD patients.
OMIP‐096: A 24‐color flow cytometry panel to identify and characterize CD4+ and CD8+ tissue‐resident T cells in human skin, intestinal, and type II mucosal tissue
Authors: O'Neil Thomas R. , Harman Andrew N. , Cunningham Anthony L. , Nasr Najla , Bertram Kirstie M.
Published: September 2023

There is a great need to understand human immune cells within tissue, where disease manifests and infection occurs. Tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRMs) were discovered over a decade ago, there is a great need to understand their role in human disease. We developed a 24‐color flow cytometry panel to comprehensively interrogate CD4+ and CD8+ TRMs isolated from human tissues. When interrogating cells within human tissue, enzymatic methods used to liberate cells from within the tissue can cause cleavage of cell surface markers needed to phenotype these cells. Here we carefully select antibody clones and evaluate the effect of enzymatic digestion on the expression of markers relevant to the identification of T cell residency, as well as markers relevant to the activation and immunoregulation status of these cells. We have designed this panel to be applicable across a range of human tissues including skin, intestine, and type II mucosae such as the vagina.