bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Public Debt on Economic Growth: A Review of Contemporary Literature
Authors: Saungweme Talknice , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: March 2019

This article provides a detailed survey of existing theoretical and empirical literature on the impact of public debt on economic growth in both developing and developed economies. The aim of the article is to add to the existing debate on the relationship between public debt and economic growth in world economies. The survey finds diverse and, in some cases, inconsistent evidence on the relative impact of public debt on economic growth. Although the majority of the surveyed literature supports the negative effect of public debt on economic growth, several other studies have found a long-run positive impact of public debt on economic growth through the fiscal multiplier effect. The article also found that a few other studies support the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH), which states that the relationship between public debt and economic growth is nonexistent. On balance, the article also found that there is a growing body of empirical evidence, which supports the presence of threshold effects in the relationship between public debt and economic growth. Overall, it concludes that theoretical models and empirical studies yield inconclusive results depending on a set of heterogeneous factors, including the level of development of the sampled countries, data coverage, methodology used, and the researchers’ choice of control variables, among other factors. This literature survey differs predominantly from other earlier studies in that it provides a comprehensive review of the linkage between government debt and economic growth, in addition to disentangling public debt into two components, domestic and foreign, and expounding on their relative effects on economic growth.
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome with recurrent perianal abscess successfully treated with canakinumab
Authors: Miray Kisla Ekinci Rabia , Balcı Sibel , Bisgin Atil , Tumgor Gokhan , Dogruel Dilek , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease usually representing recurrent episodes of fever, arthralgia/arthritis, cervical lymphadenopathy, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and skin rashes lasting 3–7 days every 4–8 weeks since their infancy. Recent reports suggested a link between perianal fistulae/abscess and severe colitis with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D syndrome resembling an inflammatory bowel disease phenotype. Herein, we report an 18-month-old patient with recurrent attacks of fever and pharyngitis lasting 2–3 days every 10–15 days since the first two weeks of life. Inflammatory attacks were accompanied by diarrhoea, oral aphthous ulcers, cervical lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash, severe leukocytosis and perianal fistulae/abscess. After the initiation of canakinumab, the patient was clinically improved with complete healing of perianal fistulas/abscesses. In conclusion, hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and recurrent perianal abscess/fistula in a patient with inflammatory attacks.
The dynamics of depoliticisation in urban governance: Introducing a directly elected mayor
Authors: Sweeting David , Hambleton Robin
Published: March 2019

Within the context of debates regarding depoliticisation, this article considers how the introduction of a directly elected mayor system of governance impacts on urban politics. Directly elected mayors are now a fundamental feature of many political systems. They have been widely introduced as a reform to improve processes of local democracy, enhance the effectiveness of governing practices and to offer a more potent form of city leadership. This article focuses on developments in England, by presenting the case of Bristol, a city epitomising many aspects of modern neo-liberalised urban development. Bristol adopted a mayoral system in 2012 and the article presents empirical data from before and after this reform pertaining to two frameworks to understand city leadership. We conclude that the move to mayoral governance, in Bristol in the 2012–2016 period, eroded the influence of party politics and led to the adoption of elements of a leadership style associated with a depoliticisation of urban politics in the city. Nevertheless, the analysis suggests that the mayoral model also provides significant space for the expansion of political agency on the part of the city leader, not least because power becomes concentrated in the mayoral position.
Parents’ Concerns Over Internet Use, Their Engagement in Interaction Restrictions, and Adolescents’ Behavior on Social Networking Sites
Authors: Symons Katrien , Vanwesenbeeck Ini , Walrave Michel , Van Ouytsel Joris , Ponnet Koen
Published: March 2019

Little is known about parents’ motivations to engage in Internet mediation nor about how parents may influence each other’s Internet mediation practices. The present study uses triadic data, with reports from the mother, the father, and the adolescent child from the same family ( N = 357). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is applied for testing the relationship between parents’ concerns over Internet risks, parents’ engagement in mediation practices, and the adolescent’s engagement in risk behavior on social network sites (SNSs). Parents’ risk perception was not related to mediation practices, but the mother’s risk perception had a positive effect on the father’s engagement in parental mediation. Parental mediation predicted less online contact with strangers by the adolescent. The results show that both parents contribute individually to their adolescent child’s safe Internet use, which stresses the importance of involving both parents in parental mediation research.
José Celestino Mutis’ appropriation of Newton’s experimental physics in New Granada (1761–1808)
Authors: Orozco-Echeverri Sergio H. , Molina-Betancur Sebastián
Published: March 2019

This paper characterizes José Celestino Mutis’ (1732–1808) appropriation of Newton in the Viceroyalty of New Granada. First, we examine critically traditional accounts of Mutis’ works highlighting, on the one hand, their inadequacy for directing their claims toward the nineteenth-century independence from Spain and, on the other, for not differentiating between Newtonianism and Enlightenment. Next, we portray Mutis’ complex Newtonianism from his own statements and from printed sources, including a variety of works and translations from British, Dutch, and French authors, in addition to a wide range of Newton’s writings, unusual for an eighteenth-century reader in the Americas. Finally, we analyze a salient claim of Mutis’ Newtonianism in order to depict his appropriation and transformation of Newton’s ideas: the characterization of Newtonian experimental physics as a useful science. In so doing, Mutis further developed metaphysical and methodological positions not present in Newton’s works.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons Aging in Rural Areas
Authors: Hash Kristina M. , Morrow Deana F.
Published: March 2019

Older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons face many challenges in aging, including coping with life-long discrimination and encountering family and others who are not supportive of their identities and relationships. Members of this population who reside in small towns and rural areas face even more challenges in older adulthood. This article presents a case study of an older woman who is questioning her sexual orientation and discusses her experiences in the context of aging in a rural community. The article also addresses the historical context in which older LGBT people came of age as well as health issues that impact them. In addition, recommendations are offered for improving provider services with LGBT individuals.
A critical review on the utilization of various reinforcement modifiers in filled rubber composites
Authors: Roy Kumarjyoti , Debnath Subhas Chandra , Potiyaraj Pranut
Published: March 2019

Presently, the development of high-performance filled rubber composites offers a new era in the industrial field of polymer research. This article reviews the utilization of various reinforcement modifiers on the successive property enhancement of rubber composites containing different commonly used fillers like silica, nanoclay, carbon nanotube, natural fibers, and so on. The practical importance of reinforcement modifiers in rubber technology is systematically described in the light of filler dispersion, processing, and mechanical properties of filled rubber compounds. A special emphasis is given on the mechanism of interaction between reinforcement modifiers and filler surface in filled rubber composites. Filler dispersion in the rubber matrix is the key parameter that controls the ultimate performance and rubber–filler interaction of filled rubber system. The use of some fixed reinforcement modifiers is an innovative way not only to solve the dispersion problem of filler particles but also to increase the reinforcing ability of most of the fillers in filled rubber products. Thus, the concept of reinforcement modifiers has the potential to facilitate further development of filler reinforcement technology for rubber-based composite materials.
The Casbah of Algiers’s Transformation Between 1833 and 1859: Expropriation, Concession, and Plot Remodeling
Authors: Hadjilah Asma , Chérif Nabila
Published: March 2019

This article presents the role of expropriation regulations and concession cases in remodeling the plot of precolonial Algiers. It also examines its consequences on domestic architecture. Urban development undertaken during the nineteenth century in the Casbah of Algiers resulted in the first settlement of the colonial city. The transformation of the old street network and the opening of streets through existing constructions were essentially based on declarations of public utility for expropriation. As a result of this regulation, there was an increase in requests for the concession of public land, allowing owners to rebuild according to the new alignments.
The linguistic expression of causal relations in picture-based narratives: A comparative study of bilingual and monolingual children with TLD and DLD
Authors: Kupersmitt Judy R. , Armon-Lotem Sharon
Published: March 2019

The present study examines the linguistic expression of causal relations between the motion events within the main episode in a picture-based narrative. One hundred and fifty children aged 5–7 were asked to narrate a story based on a series of pictures: 45 Hebrew monolinguals (19 with Developmental Language Disorders [DLD]), 57 English–Hebrew bilinguals (20 with DLD) and 48 Russian–Hebrew bilinguals (21 with DLD). The narratives told by bilingual children with Typical Language Development (TLD) were as complex as those of their monolingual peers in occurrence of causal relations to establish a goal-oriented episode, and in the use of language forms as cohesive devices. By contrast, bilingual and monolingual children with DLD showed lower performance on expression of causal relations, particularly those involving more complex scenes that demand higher levels of linguistic complexity and content elaboration. The form–function analyses enabled an exploration of cognitive and language abilities in interaction in the context of narrative discourse production. The study reinforced the differences between children with TLD and children with DLD, showing that typical language development rather than the proficiency in a particular language is necessary for generating causal relations and the particular linguistic forms that together yield a coherent narrative.
Deaf children need language, not (just) speech
Authors: Hall Matthew L. , Hall Wyatte C. , Caselli Naomi K.
Published: March 2019

Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) children need to master at least one language (spoken or signed) to reach their full potential. Providing access to a natural sign language supports this goal. Despite evidence that natural sign languages are beneficial to DHH children, many researchers and practitioners advise families to focus exclusively on spoken language. We critique the Pediatrics article ‘Early Sign Language Exposure and Cochlear Implants’ (Geers et al., 2017) as an example of research that makes unsupported claims against the inclusion of natural sign languages. We refute claims that (1) there are harmful effects of sign language and (2) that listening and spoken language are necessary for optimal development of deaf children. While practical challenges remain (and are discussed) for providing a sign language-rich environment, research evidence suggests that such challenges are worth tackling in light of natural sign languages providing a host of benefits for DHH children – especially in the prevention and reduction of language deprivation.
Static balance duct design method and temperature dependent variable air volume systems
Authors: Kong Kok Haw , Chong Wen Tong
Published: March 2019

In hot and humid tropical countries, the air-conditioning system has a high energy usage in commercial buildings. This study introduces a static balance duct design method for a temperature dependent variable air volume system. Ducts are looped together, which cause the air to self-balance and minimize the pressure loss across the duct network. The static balance duct network can easily identify the critical zone of highest pressure loss. This zone appears at the longest duct length from the air source and is always consistent for different load conditions. The air supplied to this critical zone is controlled by the zone temperature sensor, which directs feedback to the variable frequency drive fan of the air-handling unit. The rest of the variable air volume terminal units are zone temperature controlled. The duct looping design mitigates the problems in pressure variations and complements the temperature dependent control strategy. An open office case study is carried out to demonstrate the merit of the static balance duct design method. An actual installation was completed in a shopping mall. The recorded temperature readings verified that the static balance duct network and temperature dependent variable air volume air-conditioning system is operational and functional. Approximately 27% energy savings is achieved compared to the constant air volume system.

Practical application: The static balance duct design method is a combination of equal friction duct design method and a loop duct network. This static balance duct network can identify the critical zone of highest pressure loss and this zone is always consistent. In this temperature-dependent variable air volume (TDVAV), the variable air volume (VAV) terminal unit at the critical zone is eliminated. The zone temperature sensor at the critical zone provides direct feedback to the variable frequency drive fan. All other terminal units are temperature dependent. The static balance TDVAV system enhances energy savings, improves the performance of VAV system and reduces the faults for VAV systems.
Economic development thresholds for a green economy in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A , Odhiambo Nicholas M
Published: March 2019

This study investigates how increasing economic development affects the green economy in terms of CO2 emissions, using data from 44 countries in the sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2012. The Generalized Method of Moments is used for the empirical analysis. The following main findings are established. First, relative to CO2 emissions, enhancing economic growth and population growth engenders a U-shaped pattern whereas increasing inclusive human development shows a Kuznets curve. Second, increasing gross domestic product growth beyond 25% of annual growth is unfavorable for a green economy. Third, a population growth rate of above 3.089% (i.e. annual %) has a positive effect of CO2 emissions. Fourth, an inequality-adjusted human development index of above 0.4969 is beneficial for a green economy because it is associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions. The established critical masses have policy relevance because they are situated within the policy ranges of adopted economic development dynamics.
Gustatory Function of Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in a Tertiary Health Institution
Authors: Fasunla Ayotunde James , Nwankwo Ukamaka , Onakoya Paul Adekunle , Oladokun Adesina , Nwaorgu Onyekwere George
Published: March 2019

Physiological changes in pregnancy may cause taste dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine and compare gustatory function of pregnant women with nonpregnant women and also to investigate the effect of pregnancy on gustatory function. It was a case–control study of consecutive 70 healthy pregnant women (cases) and 70 healthy nonpregnant women (control). Participants scored their taste perception on a visual analogue scale (1-10) and their gustatory function was assessed using “taste strips” impregnated with graded concentration of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter taste substances applied on tongue surfaces. Subjective mean gustatory score, correct identification of taste in the strips and total taste strip (TTS) score were compared between both groups and analysis was done using appropriate statistics. The mean age of pregnant women (30.5 [3.9]) and controls (28.5 [6.6]) were comparable. Twenty-one (30%) pregnant women changed their diet in first trimester due to change in taste sensation. Almost all cases developed craving for spicy and salty foods and, aversions to fish, beans, and vegetables. There was a significant difference in the subjective rating of taste perception between the 2 groups ( P = .037). About 2.9% of pregnant women have hypogeusia. There was a significant difference between pregnant and nonpregnant women in sour taste ( P = .006; 2.90 [0.71] vs 3.92 [0.82]) and TTS ( P = .02; 27.50 [3.48] vs 29.21 [2.69]) scores, respectively. In conclusion, gustatory function was reduced in pregnancy compared to nonpregnant women and this led to dietary change in some pregnant women.
The Effects of a Computer-Aided Listening Comprehension Intervention on the Generalized Communication of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Collins Belva C. , Browder Diane M. , Haughney Kathryn L. , Allison Caryn , Fallon Kathy
Published: March 2019

In this study, a computer-aided listening comprehension intervention package supported both listening comprehension and communication goals for three students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). The package consisted of systematic instruction (i.e., system of least prompts [SLP] procedure) to teach listening comprehension, an iPad-supported electronic communication book, and a peer support arrangement. The students with ASD and ID who participated in the study increased both listening comprehension and communication skills, while showing an increase in generalizing communication turns to interactions with their peers without disabilities. The researchers found a functional relation between the SLP procedure and both dependent variables. All three participants experienced concurrent growth between the dependent variables, implying a connection between text-based listening comprehension and communication outcomes. Further implications for academic instruction for students with ASD who use augmentative and alternative communication as well as for future inquiry concerning cross-modal generalization to social communication discourse are discussed.
A randomised controlled trial comparing compression therapy after stripping for primary great saphenous vein incompetence
Authors: Krasznai Attila G , Sigterman Tim A , Houtermans-Auckel Janine P , Eussen Ed , Snoeijs Maarten , Sikkink Kees Jan JM , de Boer Edith M , Wittens Cees HA , Bouwman Lee H
Published: March 2019

Background

Venous insufficiency of the lower extremity affects up to 40–60% of general adult population in the Western population, of which around 25% has varicose veins mostly treated by ablation of the incompetent great saphenous vein. Although endovenous options are available, the majority is still treated with stripping of the great saphenous vein for which there is no consensus regarding postoperative compressive therapy. The objective of this prospective randomised controlled trial was to evaluate 4 h compared to 72 h of leg compression after great saphenous vein stripping.

Method

Patients in the Zuyderland Medical Centre with an indication for stripping of the great saphenous vein were eligible for inclusion in this study. Patients were randomised to 4 or 72 h of leg compression (standard elastic bandaging) after stripping of the great saphenous vein. Primary outcome was change in leg volume after 14 days. Secondary outcomes were post-operative pain scores, complications and time to full recovery.

Results

A total of 78 patients were randomised, 36 patients enrolled the intervention (4 h) group and 42 patients the control group (72 h). The intervention group (4 h) showed a 57 mL reduction in leg volume after 14 days, compared to 6 mL of the control group (72 h) ( p = 0.11). Post-operative pain, complications and time to full recovery did not statistically differ.

Conclusion

Wearing leg compression four hours after stripping is non-inferior in preventing leg oedema compared with 72 h compression therapy. No statistically significant difference in pain and time to full recovery was shown.
Identification of key pathways regulated by a set of competitive long non-coding RNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zhifeng , Liu Zili , Meng Lingqiu , Ma Shuyan
Published: March 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify important pathways regulated by a set of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

A lncRNA-mediated competitive endogenous RNA network (LMCN) was constructed using information on microRNA (miRNA)–mRNA interactions and lncRNA–miRNA intersections from the E-GEOD-37991 transcription profiling data in the ArrayExpress database. A random walk with restart ranking algorithm was then applied to evaluate the influences of protein-coding genes regulated by competitive lncRNAs. Pathway enrichment scores were calculated based on the propagation scores of protein-coding genes. Finally, permutation tests were used to estimate the significance of the pathways.

Results

We obtained lncRNA–mRNA interactions based on miRNAs common to both miRNA–mRNA interactions and lncRNA–miRNA intersections, and used interactions with a z-score > 0.7 to construct a LMCN. Ten lncRNAs were identified as source nodes in the LMCN, and nine pathways with enrichment scores >0.8, including ‘Cell cycle’, ‘Endocytosis’, and ‘Pathways in cancer’, were significantly enriched by these source nodes.

Conclusions

Nine significant pathways regulated by a set of competitive lncRNAs were identified in OSCC, which may play important roles in the development of OSCC via the cell cycle and endocytosis.
Path-Based Approaches to Robust Network Design Problems Considering Boundedly Rational Network Users
Authors: Sun Longsheng , Karwan Mark H. , Kwon Changhyun
Published: March 2019

Network users may choose non-shortest paths, when (1) they satisfice with sub-optimal routes, or (2) they have perception errors of the decision environment. The notion of generalized bounded rationality has been recently proposed to create a unified framework for these two sources of behavioral uncertainty in route choices. When the notion of generalized bounded rationality is used in robust network design problems, we obtain a bi-level optimization problem with the min–max objective function at the upper level, with three layers of optimization in total. In this paper, we derive equivalent single-level path-based formulations that are readily solvable by available optimization libraries. We show how to incorporate them into robust multi-commodity network design problems in hazardous materials transportation.
Rooms of Their Own: Child Experts, House Design, and the Rise of the Child’s Private Bedroom
Authors: Moroney Siobhan
Published: March 2019

Over the last hundred years, American vernacular housing has promoted the standard that children ought to have their own bedrooms. Architectural floor plans and house plan books indicate the increasing shift toward houses with plentiful bedrooms. Alongside the architectural evolution came the voices of child-rearing experts, who insisted children benefit psychologically from spatial separation from the rest of the family, even siblings. As the twentieth century progressed, a private bedroom supplied the best opportunity for child privacy, solitude, and development.
Unleashing the Value of Lifelong Learning Institutes: Research and Practice Insights From a National Survey of Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes
Authors: Talmage Craig A. , Hansen Robert Jack , Knopf Richard C. , Thaxton Steven P. , McTague Riley , Moore David Bennett
Published: March 2019

Lifelong learning as a field has leapt forward, but work remains to inform the structuring and practice of lifelong learning institutes. This study furthers the field of institution-based lifelong learning by utilizing cross-institutional research regarding the value of lifelong learning to older adults. A content analysis coding approach is undertaken to categorize and organize 4,400 lifelong learners’ responses to the question: “What about your Osher Institute has been valuable/important to you?” Responses came from 12 institutes across the United States. The organization and interpretation of the themes fell along four dimensions: (a) learning experience, (b) community environment, (c) learning quality, and (d) learning access. Subthemes within each of the four broad themes are identified and discussed. Slight demographic differences regarding codes assigned are highlighted. Institutional differences were more notable demonstrating that the structures and practices of institutes warrant more research.
Occupational and non occupational metacarpal bone fractures at the Mansoura University Emergency Hospital: A comparative study
Authors: El-Hadidy Samah Saleh , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , Nour Khalid , Elsherbeny Enas , Hamied Abdel Hamied Abdel
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Metacarpal fractures of the hand occur in active and working population.

Objective

The objective of this article is to compare between occupational and non occupational metacarpal fractures.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional comparative study with prospective components among patients with metacarpal fractures admitted to the Mansoura University Emergency Hospital in a 6-month period. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included personal and occupational histories and accident analysis. Clinical and radiological assessment of healing was done by DASH score and handgrip strength. Disability was estimated according to the Egyptian Labour Law.

Results

Of 149 patients, 56.4% and 43.6% were occupational and non occupational metacarpal fractures, respectively. The independent predictors of occupational metacarpal fracture are less than secondary education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.2 (2–8.4)), being married (AOR = 4.2 (2.1–8.5)), and being a male (AOR = 7 (2.5–20)).

Conclusions

Lower education, being married, and being a male are risk factors of occupational metacarpal fractures. Surgery showed better hand function than conservative management.
Political violence and insurgencies in the Middle East: Social movements, diffusion of armed conflicts, and proxy wars
Authors: Orhan Mehmet
Published: March 2019

Political violence is a key theme in understanding the historical and contemporary Middle East characterized by different religious, social, and political revolts. It is thus salient to analyze why political violence emerges, how it is diffused, and why it takes different configurations during insurgencies. In order to study these questions, this article establishes three analytical frameworks: interdependency among violence and social movements, diffusion of violence, and proxy warfare. First, I argue that political violence and mobilization are interdependent processes which are shaped by personal, local, and historical dynamics. Secondly, violence is more likely to spread among the societies displaying similar political, religious, or ethnic characteristics, in particular, if there are individuals and militant organizations who take it as a model in order to affect the conflict. Finally, this violence, which depends on local and regional factors, often intersects with global politics and its path is altered as a result.
Can the Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization Be Used to Predict Completion of a Mental Health Assessment Following Intimate Partner Violence?
Authors: Peter Samuel C. , Lipinski Alexandra J. , Savage Ulysses C. , Dodson Thomas S. , Tran Han N. , Majeed Rimsha , Beck J. Gayle
Published: March 2019

Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) may experience mental health problems. Although some survivors access mental health resources to address these concerns, many discontinue prematurely. One model of health care utilization that has recently gained attention in the trauma literature is the behavioral model of health care utilization (BMHU). This model considers three groups of variables in predicting health care utilization: immutable predisposing variables (e.g., age), enabling resources (e.g., income), and measures of need (e.g., symptom severity). The current study tested the BMHU’s ability to predict completion of a free, multisession mental health evaluation for female survivors of IPV ( N = 214). Two models were tested, each assessing a separate need-based predictor: The first model assessed symptoms of depression and the second model assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results were consistent across both models and suggested that younger age and receiving public assistance were both associated with a lower likelihood of completing the evaluation. Contrary to the BMHU’s assumed positive relation between symptom severity and health care utilization, greater severity of depression and PTSD symptoms were both associated with a lower likelihood of completing the evaluation. It is possible that following IPV, experiencing psychological distress may engender help-seeking but too much distress may serve as a barrier to continued utilization. Future research should seek to better understand the complex relation between need and access, in the context of mental health care, and develop strategies for retaining IPV survivors who access mental health resources.
The Organizational Context of Substantiation in Child Protective Services Cases
Authors: Font Sarah , Maguire-Jack Kathryn
Published: March 2019

Substantiation of child maltreatment is among the most important decisions made by Child Protective Services and may have wide-reaching implications for child and family well-being. Yet, relatively little research has been undertaken to understand the organizational context of substantiation. Using national population data from the United States, this study examined the associations between state and county contexts with county substantiation rates using multilevel negative binomial regression. The results show that organizational context (policy and practice characteristics) influences substantiation rates. In particular, standards of evidence, alternative options for investigation and disposition of allegations, and workload burden were all significant predictions of substantiation rates. However, the associations of organizational factors and substantiation varied across types of maltreatment allegations; neglect and physical abuse allegations were more heavily influenced by organizational factors than sexual abuse or multi-type maltreatment allegations. Implications for child protection policy and practice are discussed.
Associations Between Child Maltreatment and Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life and Emotional and Social Problems in Low-Income Families, and the Moderating Role of Social Support
Authors: Lo Camilla Kin-ming , Ho Frederick Ka-wing , Yan Elsie , Lu Yu , Chan Ko Ling , Ip Patrick
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to examine the associations between different types of child maltreatment and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and emotional and social problems in adolescents, and to examine the moderating effect of social support on those associations. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and June 2016 in Hong Kong. The sample comprised 351 parent and adolescent dyads from low-income families. The parents reported on child maltreatment (physical abuse, psychological aggression, and neglect), and the adolescents reported on their HRQoL, emotional problems, and social problems. The adolescents’ perceived social support was included as a potential moderator. Results of the study show that child physical abuse was strongly associated with emotional and social problems ( B = 0.91-1.45, p < .05). Lower overall HRQoL was associated with psychological aggression ( B = −3.96, p < .05) and neglect ( B = −4.14, p < .05). Physical functioning was affected by psychological aggression ( B = −3.16, p < .05), and emotional functioning was affected by neglect ( B = −4.82, p < .05). Social functioning was impacted by all three types of maltreatment ( B = −9.16 to −5.26, p < .05). This study extends previous literature by showing the varying effects of different types of child maltreatment on children’s health in the context of low-income families. The findings of this study also support that peer social support may buffer the effects of child physical abuse on adolescents’ emotional and social problems.
The impact of Chinese library and information science on outside disciplines: A citation analysis
Authors: Chen Chuanfu , Li Qiao , Chiu Kuei , Deng Zhiqing
Published: March 2019

This paper uses citation analysis to measure the intellectual impact of Chinese library and information science on outside disciplines. It analyses 469 journals in disciplines outside the library and information science field containing citations to 20 Chinese library and information science journals from 1996 to 2015. It shows that Chinese library and information science mainly receives citations from related disciplines, such as business and management, communication, and computer science, and that the majority of library and information science articles are rarely cited. The library and information science subjects of bibliometrics, information technology and knowledge management are most likely to be cited.
Belimumab in refractory organizing pneumonia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report
Authors: Giménez AI Rebollo , Pastrana D Bellido , Huaranga M A Ramírez , Izquierdo J Ros , Cabrera B , García A Núñez , Rodríguez C C Ramos
Published: March 2019

Organizing pneumonia is an inflammatory lung entity that presents with a huge variety of clinical, radiological and pathological patterns. Organizing pneumonia can be idiopathic or secondary to other diseases. Corticosteroid therapy is usually the first-line treatment showing clinical improvement in most cases. This report presents the case of a 56-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who was diagnosed with an organizing pneumonia and showed a poor response to steroid and azathioprine treatment. We considered the use of belimumab, which resulted in excellent clinical and radiological outcomes.
Reification of Collective Victimhood: Dalit Narratives, Social Repositioning and Transformation
Authors: Vyas Aparna , Panda Minati
Published: March 2019

Contrary to the passivity embedded in the term ‘victim’, collective victimhood experienced by the Dalits is highly active and agentic. Dalits negotiate the meaning of collective victimhood in various creative expressions where they project their lived experiences of ‘being’ and reify them at the collective level thus generating a radical shift in the very meaning of their state of being the victims by communicating a sense of resistance. This transition in the meaning of ‘being’ is facilitated by the process of ‘becoming’, which is explained here as social repositioning of the identity that involves recognising, deconstructing and reinterpreting the sense of imposed victimhood. Recognition of anguish and its projection in the form of collective resistance reconstructs Dalits’ victimhood and transforms their everyday experiences of being suppressed and oppressed into a form of political assertion. This article presents negotiations of meaning of Dalit (collective) victimhood, its reification through the varied creative expressions and the role of symbolic resources in birthing stability to the basic construct. It also discusses how the reified victimhood of Dalits acts as a ‘vehicle of emancipation’ for their harried members and as a tool to generate a collective identity that’s agentic, forceful and transformative.
Traditional Stories as Possible Vignettes in the Research of Moral Judgement: A Preliminary Report Using Stories from Mahabharata
Authors: Choudhuri Swagata , Basu Jayanti
Published: March 2019

The most prevalent stimuli for exploring moral judgement in laboratory settings are small vignettes in the form of moral dilemmas. These dilemmas, mostly borrowed from the field of philosophy, are often criticised for lacking ecological validity due to their confined outcomes, hypothetical physical harms, focus on one character and overlooking cultural aspects. These criticisms are especially implicative for Indian culture which may have a different perspective on morality due to cultural prerogatives, encouraging collectivism as opposed to individualism of the West. Moreover, Indian culture often incorporates hints of ancient traditions and tales in a subtle but extensive way. We wished to probe this complex paradigm of moral judgement in the Indian context empirically by qualitatively analysing the responses and exploring the corresponding ratings of 60 participants, employing 10 selected stories from the Mahabharata. A preliminary report of the analysis is presented here. While the ratings varied considerably for similar judgements, the qualitative results indicated a complex amalgamation of emotions, reasons, intuitions and cultural influences. The scope for using epic stories to understand moral judgement, in the context of contemporary society, is discussed. The findings further encourage questioning the relevance of culture and issues of the ecological validity of vignettes.
Decoding the Great Indian Recapitalisation Plan: Restoring the Health of Public Sector Banks in India
Authors: Garg Nikhil
Published: March 2019

Indian government has infused `250,000 million in the year 2016 and 2017 followed by `100,000 million within the year 2018 and 2019 with an inspiration of reducing the non-performing assets (NPAs) levels of public sector banks (PSBs). Figuring among the top 20 banks with the highest gross non-performing asset (GNPA) ratios, according to CARE Ratings’ analysis of the first quarter results of 38 banks, PSBs are more stressed than their private sector counterparts. On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the increase in NPAs has been the highest in Quarter 1 FY18 witnessing a rise of 16.6 per cent, achieving `8,293,380 million as of June 2017. This study is an effort to study the impact of NPAs, causes, suggestive measures and the need of recapitalisation of PSBs to tackle the crisis. It further suggests a standardised model which can help banks to keep in check of additional capital required for maintaining minimum CET 1 as per regulatory norms.
Market Structure and Double Bottom Line Commitments: Are They Aligned in Indian Microfinance Industry?
Authors: Pati Ambika Prasad
Published: March 2019

This article empirically examines the structure of Indian microfinance market and assesses its relationship with the double bottom line commitments of microfinance institutions. The market is found to be monopolistic in nature with high degree of concentration at the top, though a slow tendency of increased competition during the post-Andhra Pradesh crisis period is observed. Market share is found to be negatively related to average loan size and positively with number of active borrowers, indicating social commitments but with no relationship with profitability and sustainability. However, the post-crisis period portrays a departure from their social mission.
Mixed germ cell tumor composed of a tridermic testicular teratoma and seminoma in a rooster
Authors: Tavella Vincent J. , Walters Jessica N. , Crofton Lisa M. , LeRoith Tanya
Published: March 2019

A 5-y-old backyard Araucana–Americana rooster was presented to the regional diagnostic laboratory with a history of progressive lethargy and respiratory signs. Autopsy revealed a single large mass of testicular origin in the coelomic cavity, causing compression of other organs. Histologically, the mass was 1 neoplasm with mixed components of 2 different germ cell tumors, namely a teratoma composed of elements of all 3 primordial germ cell lines (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), and a seminoma consisting of round or polygonal cells arranged in sheets supported by a scant fibrovascular stroma. Teratomas and seminomas are both considered to be uncommon neoplasms in poultry medicine. A testicular teratoma is composed of mature embryonic tissue derived from at least 2 of the 3 germinal layers. Seminomas and teratomas both arise from the germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules and are classified as germ cell tumors. This neoplastic mass thus is a rare case of a mixed germ cell tumor.
A Call for Amicus Briefs as a Means to Influence Special Education Policy: Lessons Learned From Endrew F.
Authors: Lewis Maria M. , Bray Laura E.
Published: March 2019

Given the legal nature of special education, a particularly promising avenue for infusing research into practice is through court cases. Recent work has illuminated the influence of amicus briefs in court decisions. An amicus brief is a nonparty brief submitted by a person, group of people, or organization that provides insight and expertise on issues presented in a case. In this exploratory study, we examined how interest groups, through the amicus brief process, used research in a recent Supreme Court case, Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District. The case focused on a fundamental principle at the heart of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the definition of a free appropriate public education, an issue in which researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike should be interested. Our findings indicate that researchers and research played a limited role in the briefing process. We conclude with a discussion of potential reasons for the lack of research in the briefing process, as well as a call for the field to use amicus briefs as a means to influence special education policy and practice.
A uniaxial constitutive model for NiTi shape memory alloy bars considering the effect of residual strain
Authors: Li Canjun , Zhou Zhen , Zhu Yazhi
Published: March 2019

Super-elastic shape memory alloys are widely used in structural engineering fields due to their encouraging super-elasticity and energy dissipation capability. Large-size shape memory alloy bars often present significant residual strains after unloading, which emphasizes the necessity of developing a residual strain effect–coupled constitutive model to predict well the performance of shape memory alloy–based structures. First, this article experimentally studies the hysteretic behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy bars under quasi-static loading conditions and investigates the effects of cyclic numbers and strain amplitudes on residual strain. Second, a concept of cumulative transformation strain is preliminarily introduced into a phenomenological Lagoudas model. A uniaxial constitutive model for shape memory alloy bars including the residual strain is proposed. By using OpenSees platform, numerical simulations of shape memory alloy bars are conducted—the results of which indicate that the proposed model can accurately capture the hysteretic behavior of shape memory alloys. The predicted residual strains show a good agreement to experimental results, which demonstrates the desirable efficiency of the proposed model.
Relational Legacies Impacting on Veteran Transition From Military to Civilian Life: Trajectories of Acquisition, Loss, and Reformulation of a Sense of Belonging
Authors: Albertson Katherine
Published: March 2019

The veteran cohort has been inextricably linked in the general public’s mind by media-generated perceptions of high risk and fear of crime, echoed in wider contemporary debates linking issues of place, social identity, social exclusion, and a loss of belonging in wider communities. Despite the growing interest in the longer term outcomes of transition from military to civilian life from policy-makers, practitioners, and academics, few qualitative studies explore the social and relational impacts of this transitional experience on those who have experienced it. Tensions and frustrations expressed by ex-forces personnel, engaging in addiction services with a history of engagement in the criminal justice sector, are explored through the lens of belongingness, loss and related citizenship frameworks to expose temporal impacts on the acquisition, loss, and reformulation of a sense of belonging across the life course. The relevance of a significant loss of belonging in the transition from military to civilian life is useful, given the widely accepted damaging consequences of having this need thwarted. This article concludes that a broader understanding of this largely disenfranchised grief can enable more informed reflexive opportunities to facilitate a valued military veteran citizenship status and thereby contribute to the formulation of current policy debates concerning the veteran question.
Nonlinear dynamic response of reciprocating compressor system with rub-impact fault caused by subsidence
Authors: Xiao Shungen , Liu Shulin , Jiang Feng , Song Mengmeng , Cheng Shouguo
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic model of the single-stage reciprocating compressor system with a rub-impact fault caused by subsidence is developed, considering the piston rod flexibility. Meanwhile, different rub-impact scenarios of the crosshead including no corner, a single corner, two opposite corners, and two adjacent corners of the crosshead impacting on the slide, are considered in this model. Numerical simulation results show that the subsidence, time-varying load, and piston rod flexibility have significant effects on the vibration response of the reciprocating compressor system with rub-impact, where the larger the subsidence and time-varying load, the more intense the vibration response. Moreover, compared to the rigid piston rod, the flexible piston rod causes the system to generate stronger shock. In the rub-impact, the crosshead appeared in three different motion modes: noncontact; permanent contact; and collision – and most of the collisions occur in the form of two adjacent corners impacting on the slide. In addition, strange attractors are observed in the phase space trajectories, and the existence of chaotic behavior is verified using the Poincaré section method and maximum Lyapunov exponent method.
Do Ethics Matter? Investigating Donor Responses to Primary and Tertiary Ethical Violations
Authors: Browning Nicholas , Yang Sung-Un , Park Young Eun , Lee Ejae , Kim Taeyoung
Published: March 2019

This study examines how frequently committed ethical misconduct regarding values closely aligned to an organizational mission affects stakeholders’ pro-organizational responses to an offending nonprofit. Using a 2 × 2 experimental survey, findings showed that ethical misconduct in primary values resulted in significantly decreased positive attitudes toward and donation intentions to the organization. Also, the patterns of unethical behaviors significantly increased stakeholders’ negative attitudes toward the organization and willingness to assign the organization responsibility for unethical behavior. Perceived organizational responsibility for ethical misconduct and deteriorating organization–public relationships (OPRs) were significant mediators for the effects of primary ethical violations.