bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ESCRT‐III complex contributes to macromitophagy in yeast
Authors: Wu Zulin , Xu Haiqian , Liu Junze , Zhou Fan , Liang Yongheng
Published: June 2021

Mitochondria play important roles in energy generation and homeostasis maintenance in eukaryotic cells. The damaged or superfluous mitochondria can be nonselectively or selectively removed through the autophagy/lysosome pathway, which was referred as mitophagy. According to the molecular machinery for degrading mitochondria, the selectively removed mitochondria can occur through macromitophagy or micromitophagy. In this study, we show that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT‐III) in budding yeast regulates macromitophagy induced by nitrogen starvation, but not by the post‐logarithmic phase growth in lactate medium by monitoring a mitochondrial marker, Om45. Firstly, loss of ESCRT‐III subunit Snf7 or Vps4‐Vta1 complex subunit Vps4, two representative subunits of the ESCRT complex, suppresses the delivery and degradation of Om45‐GFP to vacuoles. Secondly, we show that the mitochondrial marker Om45 and mitophagy receptor Atg32 accumulate on autophagosomes marked with Atg8 (mitophagosomes, MPs) in ESCRT mutants. Moreover, the protease‐protection assay indicates that Snf7 and Vps4 are involved in MP closure. Finally, Snf7 interacts with Atg11, which was detected by two ways, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) pulldown and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, and this BiFC interaction happens on mitochondrial reticulum. Therefore, we proposed that the ESCRT‐III machinery mediates nitrogen starvation‐induced macromitophagy by the interaction between Snf7 and Atg11 so that Snf7 is recruited to Atg32‐marked MPs by the known Atg11–Atg32 interaction to seal them. These results reveal that the ESCRT‐III complex plays a new role in yeast on macromitophagy.
Functional expression of TMEM16A in taste bud cells
Authors: Guarascio Domenico M. , Gonzalez‐Velandia Kevin Y. , Hernandez‐Clavijo Andres , Menini Anna , Pifferi Simone
Published: June 2021

Key points

Taste transduction occurs in taste buds in the tongue epithelium.

The Ca2+‐activated Cl– channels TMEM16A and TMEM16B play relevant physiological roles in several sensory systems.

Here, we report that TMEM16A, but not TMEM16B, is expressed in the apical part of taste buds.

Large Ca2+‐activated Cl− currents blocked by Ani‐9, a selective inhibitor of TMEM16A, are measured in type I taste cells but not in type II or III taste cells.

ATP indirectly activates Ca2+‐activated Cl– currents in type I cells through TMEM16A channels.

These results indicate that TMEM16A is functional in type I taste cells and contribute to understanding the largely unknown physiological roles of these cells.

The Ca2+‐activated Cl– channels TMEM16A and TMEM16B have relevant roles in many physiological processes including neuronal excitability and regulation of Cl– homeostasis. Here, we examined the presence of Ca2+‐activated Cl– channels in taste cells of mouse vallate papillae by using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological recordings. By using immunohistochemistry we showed that only TMEM16A, and not TMEM16B, was expressed in taste bud cells where it largely co‐localized with the inwardly rectifying K+ channel KNCJ1 in the apical part of type I cells. By using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in isolated cells from taste buds, we measured an average current of −1083 pA at −100 mV in 1.5 μm Ca2+ and symmetrical Cl– in type I cells. Ion substitution experiments and blockage by Ani‐9, a specific TMEM16A channel blocker, indicated that Ca2+ activated anionic currents through TMEM16A channels. We did not detect any Ca2+‐activated Cl– currents in type II or III taste cells. ATP is released by type II cells in response to various tastants and reaches type I cells where it is hydrolysed by ecto‐ATPases. Type I cells also express P2Y purinergic receptors and stimulation of type I cells with extracellular ATP produced large Ca2+‐activated Cl− currents blocked by Ani‐9, indicating a possible role of TMEM16A in ATP‐mediated signalling. These results provide a definitive demonstration that TMEM16A‐mediated currents are functional in type I taste cells and provide a foundation for future studies investigating physiological roles for these often‐neglected taste cells.
Effect of Fluconazole on Indinavir Pharmacokinetics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients
Authors: De Wit S. , Debier M. , De Smet M. , McCrea J. , Stone J. , Carides A. , Matthews C. , Deutsch P. , Clumeck N.
Published: June 2021

To evaluate a potential pharmacokinetic interaction of coadministration of fluconazole, and indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor, 13 patients were enrolled in a multiple-dose, three-period, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive indinavir at 1,000 mg every 8 h for 7

1

3

days (with fluconazole placebo), fluconazole at 400 mg once daily for 8 days (with indinavir placebo), and indinavir with fluconazole in combination. The pharmacokinetics of both drugs were measured on day 8 of each treatment period. The peak concentration in plasma (
C
max
) and the time to reach
C
max
were obtained by inspection, and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated for indinavir and fluconazole for each treatment period in which the respective drugs were administered. There was a marginally (
P
= 0.08) statistically significant decrease in the AUC from 0 to 8 h (AUC
0–8
) for indinavir when it was administered with fluconazole. However, the magnitudes of the decreases in
C
max
and the concentration at 8 h postdosing (
C
8
) were not as great as the decrease in AUC
0–8
. Although the 90% confidence interval for the geometric mean ratio was within the hypothesized limits, the clinical significance is not clear. Indinavir coadministration with fluconazole had no statistically (
P
> 0.5) or clinically significant effect on the
C
max
and
C
8
of indinavir. Fluconazole coadministration with indinavir had no statistically or clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole. One patient was discontinued because of mild to moderate abdominal pain and diarrhea while on indinavir and fluconazole in combination. No serious adverse experience according to the results of laboratory tests was noted. Total bilirubin levels in serum were mildly increased in most patients treated with indinavir. This was not clinically significant and was not affected by the coadministration of fluconazole. Although the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters for indinavir decrease in the presence of fluconazole, indinavir and fluconazole can be administered concomitantly to HIV-infected patients without adjustment of the dose of either drug, and both drugs are generally well tolerated.
Distribution of bacterial populations in a stratified fjord (mariager fjord, denmark) quantified by in situ hybridization and related to chemical gradients in the water column
Authors: Ramsing N B , Fossing H , Ferdelman T G , Andersen F , Thamdrup B
Published: June 2021

Volume 62, no. 4, p. 1391-1404: after publication of this article, it was brought to the attention of the authors that a more extensive treatment of the hydrodynamics of Mariager Fjord and the vertical distribution of bacteria and protozoa therein was published in a recent article by Fenchel et al. This work contains important information about the studied ecosystem, but unfortunately, the existence of this work was realized only after publication of our article. Thus, the following reference should have been cited in our article: [This corrects the article on p. 1391 in vol. 62.].
Supplemental Material: Impact cratering record of Sweden—A review
Authors: Holm-Alwmark Sanna
Published: June 2021

Compositions of impactites and target rocks from the Dellen, Mien, and Siljan impact structures
Using decades of spawning data and hydraulic models to construct a temperature-dependent resource selection function for management of an endangered salmonid
Authors: Dudley Peter N. , John Sara N. , Daniels Miles E. , Danner Eric M.
Published: June 2021

In North America, impassable, man-made barriers block access to salmonid spawning habitat and require costly restoration efforts in the remaining habitats. Evaluating restored spawning habitat quality requires information on salmon water velocity and depth preferences, which may vary in relation to other variables (e.g., water temperature). We demonstrate a generalizable, low-cost method to gather and analyze these data by combining aerial redd surveys of winter-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), 2D hydraulic modeling, and generalized linear models to calculate spawning resource selection functions (RSFs). Our method permits the examination of interactions between environmental variables and habitat selection, which are frequently treated as independent. Our methods resulted in an RSF that shows interactions between both velocity and depth preference with changing temperature. Preferred depth increased and preferred velocity decreased with increasing temperature. Spawning RSFs for environmental variables may change as other environmental conditions (i.e., water temperature) change; thus, it is important to account for potential interactions when using or producing RSFs.
Side-leakage of face mask
Authors: Persson B. N. J.
Published: June 2021

Face masks are used to trap particles (or fluid drops) in a porous material (filter) in order to avoid or reduce the transfer of particles between the human lungs (or mouth and nose) and the external environment. The air exchange between the lungs and the environment is assumed to occur through the face mask filter. However, if the resistance to air flow through the filter is high some air (and accompanied particles) will leak through the filter-skin interface. In this paper I will present a model study of the side-leakage problem.

Graphicabstract
Using phase dynamics to study partial synchrony: three examples
Authors: Teichmann Erik
Published: June 2021

Partial synchronous states appear between full synchrony and asynchrony and exhibit many interesting properties. Most frequently, these states are studied within the framework of phase approximation. The latter is used ubiquitously to analyze coupled oscillatory systems. Typically, the phase dynamics description is obtained in the weak coupling limit, i.e., in the first-order in the coupling strength. The extension beyond the first-order represents an unsolved problem and is an active area of research. In this paper, three partially synchronous states are investigated and presented in order of increasing complexity. First, the usage of the phase response curve for the description of macroscopic oscillators is analyzed. To achieve this, the response of the mean-field oscillations in a model of all-to-all coupled limit-cycle oscillators to pulse stimulation is measured. The next part treats a two-group Kuramoto model, where the interaction of one attractive and one repulsive group results in an interesting solitary state, situated between full synchrony and self-consistent partial synchrony. In the last part, the phase dynamics of a relatively simple system of three Stuart-Landau oscillators are extended beyond the weak coupling limit. The resulting model contains triplet terms in the high-order phase approximation, though the structural connections are only pairwise. Finally, the scaling of the new terms with the coupling is analyzed.
Cooperative Promotion of Cross-Market Firms Adopting 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Yan Ke , Hua Guowei , Cheng T. C. E.
Published: June 2021

Traditionally, firms often run independent promotional activities to attract consumers and improve their competitiveness. With the rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, a growing number of firms in different markets cooperate to conduct cooperative promotion to meet consumer demand. Different from independent promotion, which means that firms promote their products through their individual promotional activities, when they carry out cooperative promotion, in addition to their individual promotional activities, they also carry out a series of cooperative promotional activities to promote their products. For such cross-market cooperation, it is of importance to consider the unit cost of production and the promotion cost to achieve competitive advantage and sustainability of the supply chain. We develop game-theoretic models to investigate the factors that make firms pursue cooperative promotion and how cooperative promotion affects their optimal decisions. We find that whether or not the firms join cooperative promotion mainly depends on the impacts of price, individual promotional activities, and cooperative promotional activities on demand, as well as the unit cost of production. Whether or not firms are willing to make more contribution to cooperative promotion depends on the difference between the efforts of individual promotional activities and cooperative promotional activities. In addition, as the consumer demand for the product increases, the firms will also increase their investments in cooperative and independent promotional activities. Moreover, as the unit cost of production and the impact of cooperative promotional activities on demand change, pursuing cooperative promotion is not necessarily more profitable than pursuing independent promotion.
Investigation on an Nflation phase diagram with multifield polynomial potential
Authors: Mughal Muhammad Zahid , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: June 2021

This study aims to investigate an Nflationary phase diagram with a multifield polynomial potential. The gradual vanishing of the inflationary phase during slow roll phase of the Nflation model has been demonstrated for a large number of fields in the case when there are voluminous [Formula: see text] phase transitions occurring in it. A phase diagram for Nflation model illustrates its phase transitions for a multifield potential [Formula: see text]. We use Marčenko–Pastur law to find likely distribution of different mass-scales of the fields. Further, the study for the conditions of entropy is carried out in the form of a bound that conforms to the number of e-folds [Formula: see text] and the number of fields [Formula: see text]. These drive Nflationary phase and are mostly responsible for the phenomena taking place in it. We investigate in addition, that all the de Sitter entropy in the neighborhood of the critical point is concentrated around it and is largely condensed in the number of fields [Formula: see text] for the selected potential.
A new approach to anomalous axial vector field theory
Authors: Kapoor A. K.
Published: June 2021

In an earlier paper, it has been shown that the ultra violet divergence structure of anomalous [Formula: see text] axial vector gauge model in the stochastic quantization scheme is different from that in the conventional quantum field theory. Also, it has been shown that the model is expected to be renormalizable. Based on the operator formalism of the stochastic quantization, a new approach to anomalous [Formula: see text] axial vector gauge model is proposed. The operator formalism provides a convenient framework for analysis of ultra violet divergences, but the computations in a realistic model become complicated. In this paper a new approach to do computations in the model is formulated directly in four dimensions. The suggestions put forward here will lead to simplification in the study of applications of the axial vector gauge theory, as well as those of other similar models.
Test of the fourth quark generation from the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
Authors: Juárez Wysozka S. R. , Kielanowski P.
Published: June 2021

The structure of the mixing matrix in the electroweak quark sector with four generations of quarks is investigated. We conclude that the area of the unitarity quadrangle is not a good choice as a possible measure of the CP violation. In search of new physics, we analyze how the existence of the fourth quark family may influence on the values of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix and we show that one can test for the existence of the fourth generation using the Jarlskog invariants of the known quarks only. The analysis based on the measured unitary triangle exhibits some tension with the assumption of three quark generations. The measurement of the unitarity triangle obtained from the scalar product of the second row/column of the CKM matrix by the complex conjugate of third row/column can provide information about the existence of the fourth generation of quarks.
Vector meson production in electron positron annihilation process
Authors: Yang Weihua , Huang Fei
Published: June 2021

When tunneling events induced by nontrivial configurations of the quantum chromodynamics gauge fields are taken into consideration, parity violating quantities emerge. Based on this consideration, parity-odd fragmentation functions can be introduced in the high energy reactions. In this paper, we calculate the differential cross-section in terms of both the parity-even and parity-odd fragmentation functions in semi-inclusive electron positron annihilation process. Semi-inclusive implies that not only a vector meson in one jet but also the back-to-back jet is measured in this reaction. According to the differential cross-section, we further calculate the azimuthal asymmetries and hadron polarizations in terms of fragmentation functions. A method of measuring the parity violating effects in the semi-inclusive annihilation process is suggested.
Partially massless theory as a quantum gravity candidate
Authors: Tannukij Lunchakorn , Oh Jae-Hyuk
Published: June 2021

We study partially massless gravity theory (PM gravity theory) and suggest an alternative way to add higher order interaction vertices to the theory. Rather than introducing self-interaction vertices of the gravitational fields to the partially massless gravity action, we consider interactions with matter fields, since it is well known that addition of the self-interaction terms necessarily breaks the [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry that PM gravity theory enjoys. For the coupling with matter fields, we consider two different types of interaction vertices. The first one is given by an interaction Lagrangian density, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the PM gravity field and [Formula: see text] is the stress-energy tensor of the matter fields. To retain the [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry, the matter fields also transform accordingly and it turns out that the transform must be nonlocal in this case. The second type of interaction is obtained by employing a gauge covariant derivative with the PM gravity field, where the PM gravity fields play a role of a gauge connection canceling the phase shift of the matter fields. We also study the actions and the equations of motion of the partially massless gravity fields. As expected, it shows 4 unitary degrees of freedom — 2 of them are traceless tensor modes and they are light-like fields and the other 2 are transverse vector modes and their dispersion relation changes as background space–time (de Sitter) evolutes. In the very early time, they are light-like but in the very late time, their velocities become a half of speed of light. The vector mode dispersion relation shows momentum-dependent behavior. In fact, the higher (lower) frequency modes show the faster (slower) velocity. We call this effect “conformal (or de Sitter) prism”. We suggest their quantization, compute Hamiltonians to present their exited quanta and construct their free propagators.
Quantum blockchain system
Authors: Wen Xiao-Jun , Chen Yong-Zhi , Fan Xin-Can , Yi Zheng-Zhong , Jiang Zoe L. , Fang Jun-Bin
Published: June 2021

Blockchain technology represented by Bitcoin and Ethereum has been deeply developed and widely used due to its broad application prospects such as digital currency and IoT. However, the security of the existing blockchain technologies built on the classical cryptography depends on the computational complexity problem. With the enhancement of the attackers’ computing power, especially the upcoming quantum computers, this kind of security is seriously threatened. Based on quantum hash, quantum SWAP test and quantum teleportation, a quantum blockchain system is proposed with quantum secure communication. In classical cryptographic theory sense, the security of this system is unconditional since it has nothing to do with the attackers’ computing power and computing resources.
Congruences on the partial automorphism monoid of a free group action
Authors: Brookes Matthew D. G. K.
Published: June 2021

We study congruences on the partial automorphism monoid of a finite rank free group action. We determine a decomposition of a congruence on this monoid into a Rees congruence, a congruence on a Brandt semigroup and an idempotent separating congruence. The constituent parts are further described in terms of subgroups of direct and semidirect products of groups. We utilize this description to demonstrate how the number of congruences on the partial automorphism monoid depends on the group and the rank of the action.
Kerr–Schild form of the exact metric for a constantly moving Kerr black hole and null gravitational deflection
Authors: Li Weijun , Feng Zhongwen , Zhou Xia , Mu Xueling , He Guansheng
Published: June 2021

The exact metric of a moving Kerr black hole with an arbitrary constant velocity is derived in Kerr–Schild coordinates. We then calculate the null equatorial gravitational deflection caused by a radially moving Kerr source up to the second post-Minkowskian order, acting as an application of the weak-field limit of the metric. The bending angle of light is found to be consistent with the result given in the previous works.
Nonminimal coupling inflation with constant slow roll
Authors: Shokri Mehdi , Sadeghi Jafar , Setare Mohammad Reza , Capozziello Salvatore
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study a single-field inflationary model modified by a nonminimal coupling term between the Ricci scalar [Formula: see text] and the scalar field [Formula: see text] in the context of constant-roll inflation. The first-order formalism is used to analyze the constant-roll inflation instead of the standard methods used in the literature. In principle, the formalism considers two functions of the scalar field, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which lead to the reduction of the equations of motion to first-order differential equations. The approach can be applied to a wide range of cosmological situations since it directly relates the function [Formula: see text] with Hubbles parameter [Formula: see text]. We perform the inflationary analysis for power-law and exponential couplings, separately. Then, we investigate the features of constant-roll potentials as inflationary potentials. Finally, we compare the inflationary parameters of the models with the observations of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies in view of realizing a physically motivated model.
On the Kerr metric in a synchronous reference frame
Authors: Khatsymovsky V. M.
Published: June 2021

The Kerr metric is considered in a synchronous frame of reference obtained by using proper time and initial conditions for particles that freely move along a certain set of trajectories as coordinates. Modifying these coordinates in a certain way (keeping their interpretation as initial values at large distances), we still have a synchronous frame and the direct analogue of the Lemaitre metric, the singularities of which are exhausted by the physical Kerr singularity (the singularity ring).
The heavy-ion program at the upgraded baryonic matter@nuclotron experiment at NICA
Authors: Senger Peter
Published: June 2021

The future gold beams with energies of up to 3.8A[Formula: see text]GeV from the Nuclotron at JINR in Dubna are well suited to study the equation of state of dense baryonic matter, and to explore the microscopic degrees-of-freedom emerging at neutron star densities. The relevant observables in heavy-ion collisions at these energies include yield and multidifferential distributions of (multi-) strange particles, collective flow of identified particles, fluctuation of conserved quantities and hypernuclei. In order to measure these observables in Au [Formula: see text] Au collisions with rates of up to 50[Formula: see text]kHz, the Baryonic Matter@Nuclotron setup will be upgraded with a highly granulated and fast hybrid tracking system, and a forward calorimeter for event plane determination. The physics program, the detector upgrades and physics performance studies will be presented.
Dynamic Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates under Multiple Moving Loads by Ritz Method with Gram–Schmidt Polynomials
Authors: Songsuwan Wachirawit , Wattanasakulpong Nuttawit , Pimsarn Monsak
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of functionally graded sandwich plates under multiple moving loads. The first-order shear deformation theory of plates is adopted with the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia included. By using Lagrange’s equations, the equations of motion for the dynamic behavior of the plate are derived. Then they are solved by the Ritz and Newmark time integration methods for the free and forced vibrations of the plates with different boundary conditions. To guarantee that all terms in the admissible functions can cope with the essential boundary conditions, the Gram–Schmidt procedure is used to generate the shape functions for the Ritz method. The influences of several factors on the dynamic response of the plates, such as layer thickness ratio, boundary condition, velocity, excitation frequency, phase angle, etc., are examined and discussed in detail. The numerical study indicates that the dynamic deflection has initial fluctuated growth in the low range of moving load velocity before reaching the peak at the critical velocity, which is followed by the considerable decrease in magnitude. Besides, the gaps or distances between the moving loads also play an important role in predicting the dynamic deflections of the plate when subjected to more than one moving loads.
A Metaheuristics Framework for Weighted Multi-band Image Fusion
Authors: Rashwan Shaheera , Sheta Walaa
Published: June 2021

The main objective of hyper/multispectral image fusion is producing a composite color image that allows for an appropriate visualization of the relevant spatial and spectral information. In this paper, we propose a general framework for spectral weighting-based image fusion. The proposed methodology relies on weight updates conducted using nature-inspired algorithms and a goodness-of-fit criterion defined as the average root mean square error. Simulations on four public data sets and a recent Landsat 8 image of Brullus Lake, Egypt, as an area of study prove the efficiency of the proposed framework. The purpose of the study is to present a framework of multi-band image fusion that produces a fused image of high quality to be further used in computer processing and the results show that the image produced by the presented framework has the highest quality compared with some of the state-of-the art algorithms. To prove the increase in the image quality, we used general quality metrics such as Universal Image Quality Index, Mutual Information, the Variance and Information Measure.
Hardware Efficient Modified CNN Architecture for Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition
Authors: Vaidya Bhaumik , Paunwala Chirag
Published: June 2021

Traffic sign recognition is a vital part for any driver assistance system which can help in making complex driving decision based on the detected traffic signs. Traffic sign detection (TSD) is essential in adverse weather conditions or when the vehicle is being driven on the hilly roads. Traffic sign recognition is a complex computer vision problem as generally the signs occupy a very small portion of the entire image. A lot of research is going on to solve this issue accurately but still it has not been solved till the satisfactory performance. The goal of this paper is to propose a deep learning architecture which can be deployed on embedded platforms for driver assistant system with limited memory and computing resources without sacrificing on detection accuracy. The architecture uses various architectural modification to the well-known Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture for object detection. It uses a trainable Color Transformer Network (CTN) with the existing CNN architecture for making the system invariant to illumination and light changes. The architecture uses feature fusion module for detecting small traffic signs accurately. In the proposed work, receptive field calculation is used for choosing the number of convolutional layer for prediction and the right scales for default bounding boxes. The architecture is deployed on Jetson Nano GPU Embedded development board for performance evaluation at the edge and it has been tested on well-known German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark (GTSDB) and Tsinghua-Tencent 100k dataset. The architecture only requires 11 MB for storage which is almost ten times better than the previous architectures. The architecture has one sixth parameters than the best performing architecture and 50 times less floating point operations per second (FLOPs). The architecture achieves running time of 220[Formula: see text]ms on desktop GPU and 578 ms on Jetson Nano which is also better compared to other similar implementation. It also achieves comparable accuracy in terms of mean average precision (mAP) for both the datasets.
Cohomology and extensions of ordered groupoids
Authors: Bainson B. O. , Gilbert N. D.
Published: June 2021

We adapt and generalize results of Loganathan on the cohomology of inverse semigroups to the cohomology of ordered groupoids. We then derive a five-term exact sequence in cohomology from an extension of ordered groupoids, and show that this sequence leads to a classification of extensions by a second cohomology group. Our methods use structural ideas in cohomology as far as possible, rather than computation with cocycles.
Fully S-coidempotent modules
Authors: Farshadifar F. , Ansari-Toroghy H.
Published: June 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity, [Formula: see text] be a multiplicatively closed subset of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-module. A submodule [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called coidempotent if [Formula: see text]. Also, [Formula: see text] is called fully coidempotent if every submodule of [Formula: see text] is coidempotent. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of [Formula: see text]-coidempotent submodules and fully [Formula: see text]-coidempotent [Formula: see text]-modules as generalizations of coidempotent submodules and fully coidempotent [Formula: see text]-modules. We explore some basic properties of these classes of [Formula: see text]-modules.
ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR PAIN ASSESSMENT USING EMG AND GSR
Authors: SEN KAUSIK , PAL SAURABH
Published: June 2021

Most of the existing pain estimation techniques depend on the response of the subject through verbal or nonverbal communication which does not suit infants, senseless and injured persons, and subjects with cognitive impairment. To bridge this gap, researchers have explored the potential of facial video- and image-based pain recognition methods. However, it provides limited classification performance with complex computation and costly frameworks including a large storage capacity. The dependence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities on stimulus like pain provides an alternative pathway to assess pain subjected to external stimuli through ANS-related biosignals. In this article, processing and analysis technique of electromyogram and galvanic skin response signals for assessment of pain for noncooperative subjects are presented and validated against BioVid heat pain database. Different intensities of pain are considered and characterized with the statistical features extracted from the said biosignals. It is noticed that the accuracy level of pain estimation increases with the rise in pain intensity. For highest pain level, 80% detection accuracy is achieved which outperforms the performances of facial expression-based pain assessment techniques.
Chen-like inequalities on null hypersurfaces with closed rigging of a Lorentzian manifold
Authors: Pal Singh Amrinder , Atindogbe Cyriaque , Kumar Rakesh , Jain Varun
Published: June 2021

We study null hypersurfaces of a Lorentzian manifold with a closed rigging for the hypersurface. We derive inequalities involving Ricci tensors, scalar curvature, squared mean curvatures for a null hypersurface with a closed rigging of a Lorentzian space form and for a screen homothetic null hypersurface of a Lorentzian manifold. We also establish a generalized Chen–Ricci inequality for a screen homothetic null hypersurface of a Lorentzian manifold with a closed rigging for the hypersurface.
Explicit formulas for Killing magnetic curves in three-dimensional Heisenberg group
Authors: Derkaoui Khadidja , Hathout Fouzi
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present the geometry of three-dimensional Heisenberg group [Formula: see text] and its geodesics curves. After studying the Killing magnetic curves and some geodesic Killing magnetic curves, we give the explicit formulas for such curves.
Gradient Ricci-harmonic solitons on multiply warped products
Authors: Karaca Fatma
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for a multiply warped product to be a gradient Ricci-harmonic soliton. We also investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for a multiply generalized Robertson–Walker space-time and a generalized Reissner–Nordström space-time to be a gradient Ricci-harmonic soliton.
Magnetic helicity and normal electromagnetic vortex filament flows under the influence of Lorentz force in MHD
Authors: Körpinar Talat , Demi̇rkol Ridvan Cem , Körpinar Zeli̇ha
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we attempt to introduce a new approach to determine the magnetic helicity and energy dissipation of the normal electromagnetic vortex filaments in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). We successfully compute the vector potential and magnetic helicity of Frenet–Serret vectors and associated electromagnetic fields in the existence of the Lorentz force. We further describe a set of differential equations relating the magnetic vector potential of the electromagnetic vector fields and the Godbillon–Vey helicity model. Then, we focus on the time evolution of the normal electromagnetic field lines in MHD to evaluate the evolution of the magnetic helicity and energy dissipation theoretically. As a result, we obtain analytical solutions and numerical simulations of the time evolution equations of both geometric quantities as well as the magnetic and electric field vectors.
On the dynamic of the isotropic star
Authors: Khajoei Najmeh
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of the planar polynomial system which describes the evolution of the isotropic star. It is shown that the system has no global [Formula: see text] and no global analytic first integrals. It has an invariant algebraic curve with algebraic multiplicity [Formula: see text] and an exponential factor that comes from the multiplicity of the infinite invariant straight line. It is proved that the system can be changed into the Liénard system. By using a dominant balance analysis, we prove the system has a general solution which eventuates to a finite-time singularity. Finally, we prove the trajectories of the vector field associated with the planar system of the isotropic star do not create a trajectory manifold which means there is no pseudo-Riemannian metric [Formula: see text] in the sense of trajectory metric such that the trajectories of the isotropic star system be geodesic.
Jacobi multipliers and Hojman symmetry
Authors: Cariñena José F. , Rañada Manuel F.
Published: June 2021

The geometric intrinsic approach to Hojman symmetry is developed and use is made of the theory of the Jacobi last multipliers to find the corresponding conserved quantity for non divergence-free vector fields. The particular cases of autonomous Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems are studied as well as the generalization of these results to normalizer vector fields of the dynamics. The nonautonomous cases, where normalizer vector fields play a relevant role, are also developed.
Chilled Coil Control and Field Performance for Turbine Inlet Air Chilling
Authors: Anand Gopalakrishnan , Makar Ellen
Published: June 2021

Ambient conditions greatly affect the combustion turbine performance. The Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Turbine Inlet Chilling (ARCTIC) system can chill the inlet air of the turbine to maintain optimum performance at all ambient temperatures. However, turbine characteristics, bell-mouth icing concerns, economics and performance guarantees require maintaining the inlet air temperature within a narrow range throughout the year. These considerations require strict control of the Turbine Inlet Air Chilling (TIAC) coil performance over a wide range of operating conditions. This paper describes the field performance and control of the chilling coil for a Mars 100 turbine. The controls logic had been developed from previously published empirical model of the chilling coil and model of the chilling loop performance at the various ambient conditions. Since commissioning at the end of summer 2020, the ARCTIC has provided inlet air chilling over a range of ambient conditions. Typically, the inlet air is maintained at 7.2∘C (45∘F) by controlling the TIAC chilled water flow rate and temperature. On cooler days, if the inlet air temperature drops to 5.6∘C (42∘F) the chilled water pump turns OFF automatically to prevent bell-mouth icing. Thus, the chiller accommodates chilling load variations down to zero load. On colder days, the ARCTIC continues operating till the ambient temperature drops below 1.7∘C (35∘F) and then turns OFF. The chiller turns back ON when the 8 h average inlet air temperature exceeds 10∘C (50∘F). These parameters can be adjusted remotely by the operator and help maintain performance guarantees while minimizing chiller cycling. Quasi-steady state data were analyzed to quantify the chilling load and coil performance over a range of operating conditions.
Can Engagement Improve Groundwater Management?
Authors: de Figueiredo Silva Felipe , Perrin Richard K. , Fulginiti Lilyan E. , Burbach Mark E.
Published: June 2021

Groundwater use often has external effects on both the environment and future groundwater benefits, leading to overwithdrawal. Ostrom’s research on common property resources (CPRs) and related literature indicates that CPR management may improve if users have more information about the groundwater system, more opportunities for communication, and empowerment to regulate. In this paper, we conduct a computer laboratory experiment involving 180 students to evaluate the role of these components of engagement in reducing irrigation withdrawals from an aquifer. Our treatments, which consisted of different levels of information, communication, and empowerment, resulted in decreases in groundwater extraction and increases in irrigation profits over nine-year extraction horizons. Enhanced information and communication also increased the fraction of subjects who voted for and complied with collective action in the form of quotas on pumping levels.
Design and Analysis of Configurable Ring Oscillators for True Random Number Generation Based on Coherent Sampling
Authors: Peetermans Adriaan , Rožić Vladimir , Verbauwhede Ingrid
Published: June 2021

True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are indispensable in modern cryptosystems. Unfortunately, to guarantee high entropy of the generated numbers, many TRNG designs require a complex implementation procedure, often involving manual placement and routing. In this work, we introduce, analyse, and compare three dynamic calibration mechanisms for the COherent Sampling ring Oscillator based TRNG:
GateVar
,
WireVar
, and
LUTVar
, enabling easy integration of the entropy source into complex systems. The TRNG setup procedure automatically selects a configuration that guarantees the security requirements. In the experiments, we show that two out of the three proposed mechanisms are capable of assuring correct TRNG operation even when an automatic placement is carried out and when the design is ported to another
Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
family. We generated random bits on both a
Xilinx Spartan 7
and a
Microsemi SmartFusion2
implementation that, without post processing, passed the AIS-31 statistical tests at a throughput of 4.65 Mbit/s and 1.47 Mbit/s, respectively.
A Software/Hardware Co-Design of Crystals-Dilithium Signature Scheme
Authors: Zhou Zhen , He Debiao , Liu Zhe , Luo Min , Choo Kim-Kwang Raymond
Published: June 2021

As quantum computers become more affordable and commonplace, existing security systems that are based on classical cryptographic primitives, such as RSA and
Elliptic Curve Cryptography
(
ECC
), will no longer be secure. Hence, there has been interest in designing
post-quantum cryptographic
(
PQC
) schemes, such as those based on
lattice-based cryptography
(
LBC
). The potential of LBC schemes is evidenced by the number of such schemes passing the selection of NIST PQC Standardization Process Round-3. One such scheme is the Crystals-Dilithium signature scheme, which is based on the hard module-lattice problem. However, there is no efficient implementation of the Crystals-Dilithium signature scheme. Hence, in this article, we present a compact hardware architecture containing elaborate modular multiplication units using the Karatsuba algorithm along with smart generators of address sequence and twiddle factors for NTT, which can complete polynomial addition/multiplication with the parameter setting of Dilithium in a short clock period. Also, we propose a fast software/hardware co-design implementation on
Field Programmable Gate Array
(
FPGA
) for the Dilithium scheme with a tradeoff between speed and resource utilization. Our co-design implementation outperforms a pure C implementation on a Nios-II processor of the platform Altera DE2-115, in the sense that our implementation is 11.2 and 7.4 times faster for signature and verification, respectively. In addition, we also achieve approximately 51% and 31% speed improvement for signature and verification, in comparison to the pure C implementation on processor ARM Cortex-A9 of ZYNQ-7020 platform.
Pseudo-3D Physical Design Flow for Monolithic 3D ICs: Comparisons and Enhancements
Authors: Park Heechun , Ku Bon Woong , Chang Kyungwook , Shim Da Eun , Lim Sung Kyu
Published: June 2021

Studies have shown that
monolithic 3D
(
M3D
) ICs outperform the existing
through-silicon-via
(
TSV
) -based 3D ICs in terms of
power, performance, and area
(
PPA
) metrics, primarily due to the orders of magnitude denser vertical interconnections offered by the nano-scale monolithic inter-tier vias. In order to facilitate faster industry adoption of the M3D technologies, physical design tools and methodologies are essential. Recent academic efforts in developing an EDA algorithm for 3D ICs, mainly targeting placement using TSVs, are inadequate to provide commercial-quality GDS layouts. Lately,
pseudo-3D
approaches have been devised, which utilize commercial 2D IC EDA engines with tricks that help them operate as an efficient 3D IC CAD tool. In this article, we provide thorough discussions and fair comparisons (both qualitative and quantitative) of the state-of-the-art pseudo-3D design flows, with analysis of limitations in each design flow and solutions to improve their PPA metrics. Moreover, we suggest a hybrid pseudo-3D design flow that achieves both benefits. Our enhancements and the inter-mixed design flow, provide up to an additional 26% wirelength, 10% power consumption, and 23% of power-delay-product improvements.
Association of Oxidative Balance Score with the Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Iranian Adults
Authors: Noruzi Zahra , Jayedi Ahmad , Farazi Mena , Asgari Elaheh , Dehghani Firouzabadi Fatemeh , Akbarzadeh Zahra , Djafarian Kurosh , Shab-Bidar Sakineh
Published: June 2021

Objective. We aimed to assess the association of the oxidative balance score (OBS) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. Design. A population‐based cross‐sectional study Setting. Health centers from five districts in Tehran, Iran. Methods. We recruited 847 participants with an age range of 18‐65 years. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 items. The OBS was calculated by using the following 13 dietary and nondietary anti‐ and prooxidant components: dietary antioxidants (selenium, fiber, β‐carotene, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate), dietary prooxidants (iron and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids), and nondietary anti‐ (physical activity) and prooxidants (smoking and obesity). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS and its components across tertiles of the OBS were calculated by logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, energy intake, occupation, and educational level. Results. The range of OBS was between 16 and 39. Being in the top versus the bottom tertile of the OBS was not associated with the MetS (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.48‐1.03; P = 0.07), after controlling for potential confounders. Higher OBS score was associated with a lower likelihood of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.38‐0.81; P = 0.003) and increased diastolic blood pressure (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.41‐0.99; P = 0.04). Higher OBS was not associated with other components of the MetS. Conclusion. Overall, the present study showed that there was no significant relationship between OBS and MetS in Tehranian adults.
Avaliação cognitiva, estratégias de coping e afeto entre judocas brasileiros
Authors: Brazão Manuella Collin , Castellani Rafael Moreno , Corte-Real Nuno José , Fonseca Antonio Manuel , Lima Claudia Salomé Dias
Published: June 2021

O estresse é parte integrante da vida de um atleta, uma vez que o desporto fornece um contexto único de experiências emocionais, cognitivas e comportamentais. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever como os atletas de judô avaliam situações de estresse e as estratégias utilizadas para lidar com as mesmas, assim como os afetos resultantes deste processo e suas relações, verificando e analisandosemelhanças e diferenças em função do sexo e o nível competitivo. Foram utilizados quatro questionários: a Checklist de Avaliação Cognitiva Primária e o Questionário de Recursos de Coping, para analisar avaliação cognitiva primária e secundária, respectivamente; o PANASp-rd para avaliar os afetos, e o Brief COPEp para as estratégias de coping. Participaram deste estudo 93 atletas de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre 13 e 34 anos. Adicionalmente, os atletas foram classificados, de acordo com o nível competitivo, em estadual, nacional ou internacional. Nossos resultados indicaram que os atletas de judô avaliaram as situações de estresse de maneira positiva, sendo mais frequente a avaliação de desafio do que de ameaça; ainda experenciaram mais afeto positivo do que negativo. Em relação às características pessoais, verificamos diferenças entre homens e mulheres na avaliação cognitiva primária, estratégia de uso de substâncias e no afeto. Entre os níveis competitivos também encontramos diferenças na avaliação cognitiva primária e em algumas das estratégias de coping. Concluímos que, entre os judocas brasileiros, fatores como o sexo e o nível competitivo parecem ser características importantes a serem consideradas no processo de estresse.