bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nepochopená setkání: sémiotika a sociální věda o médiích
Authors: Švantner Martin
Published: October 2019

The main goal of this mostly theoretical and polemic paper is to discuss common mistakesconnected to misinterpreted theories of signs in selected theoretical researches in the discourse of Czechmedia studies. I argue that many theoretical concepts in this discourse are built upon confusions caused bythe reading of secondary literature while ignoring the primary texts written by the founders of semiotics. Theguiding principles of these mistakes, which are described in the article, have mostly two forms: i) the formof reducing Peirce’s complex semiotic theory to the triplet (popularized by Jakobson) of alleged similarity(in the case of sign–icon), causality (in the case of the sign–index) and convention (sign–symbol); and ii)the form of interpretation of Saussure’s purely mental sign as something which has in itself “materialityof sound” (ergo the signifier is something physical). I would like to show that the original conceptionsof semiotics and semiology have nothing to do with these wild misreadings of secondary sources that,moreover, cannot be crossbred, which brings problems into the theoretical frames of research.
Zaobchádzanie s obsahom o západnom plánovaní v československých architektonických časopisoch 1945–1970
Authors: Gažová Lívia
Published: October 2019

Architectural journals were, for their readers, architects and planners in the former Czechoslovakia, one of the few means of gaining information about Western planning in the post-war period. Despite the Iron Curtain, Czechoslovak planners were significantly influenced by contemporary discussions in the West. Analysis of the content of five major architectural journals from the period 1945–1970 proves that Czechoslovak urban planning discourse was not fully separated from the Western world, but was largely developed in contact with the West. The architectural magazines presented Western content in different genres. In the first years after World War II, the magazines used comprehensive studies based on Western projects and materials obtained mainly from organized excursions abroad. Later, with the introduction of the communist regime, the magazines included social critique, critique of cosmopolitanism, and brief articles based on selections from the foreign press. In the early nineteen-fifties, Soviet ideologybased parodies of Western planning appeared. After the rejection of socialist realism in the mid-fifties, the magazines included regular sections from the Western press and even reportage from abroad.
O sociologické imaginaci
Authors: Kobes Tomáš
Published: October 2019

This article discusses the controversy of the sociological imagination as it was developed by Charles Wright Mills and its relevance for the current epistemology of social science. His notion of the sociological imagination has several problems due to the unreflected general prejudice distinguishing between structure and subjectivity, which creates from sociology a kind of social metaphysics. As a result, social context is conceptualised as an unproblematic domain used for the rationalisation of an actor’s behaviour and knowledge, and the sociological imagination gives the sociologist an absolute critical position which situates him paradoxically in the name of justice and freedom against humanity.
„Pocity plotu“: teritoriální (re)produkce, normativita a ne/viditelnost ve veřejném prostoru panelového sídliště
Authors: Lehečka Michal
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on the material components of public space, e.g. walls, fences, and grids, and shows how they can be seen from an analytical point of view as active components of the (re)production of space. Based on illustrative cases from my long-term fieldwork in a modernist housing estate, I explore what roles physical barriers play in the constitution of various (in)visible relations between the inhabitants, spatial practices and, of course, the socio-material environment. For this purpose I operationalise and further extend Kärrholm’s concept of “territorial (re)productions”. This approach allows me to grasp processuality and relativity as well as the effects of constant (re)production of territoriality in the micro-context of the post-socialist modernist space. From this point of view, both human and nonhuman components (individuals, public space amenities, natural entities) of the reality are in continuous interaction. The housing estate is (re)produced by individual, collective and often (in)visible manifestations of Right to the City. These manifestations mirror the assemblage that is spatio-temporally embedded in the hybrid interplay between residual principles of socialist modernist urbanism and socialist housing policies and the economic transformation, renaissance of private ownership and individualism which emerged after 1989. Altogether these regimes are appropriated through the processes of everyday territorial (re)productions in socio-material space.
Disavowing Hate
Authors: Llanera Tracy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

This article tracks how group egotists disavow their hate group identity. Group egotists are individuals born and raised in hate groups. The well-documented exit cases of Megan Phelps-Roper (Westboro Baptist Church) and Derek Black (White Nationalism) prove that hate group indoctrination can be undermined. A predominantly epistemic approach, which focuses on argument and conversational virtues, falls short in capturing the complexity of their apostasies. I turn to pragmatism for conceptual support. Using the work of Richard Rorty and William James, I explain how redemptive relationships and alternative lifeworlds participate in weakening belief-systems, leading to the disavowal of the hate group.
Will I Need to Move to Get My First Job?: Geographic Relocation and Other Trends in the Pathology Job Market
Authors: George Melissa R. , Johnson Kristen A. , Gratzinger Dita A. , Brissette Mark D. , McCloskey Cindy B. , Conran Richard Michael , Dixon Lisa R. , Roberts Cory Anthony , Rojiani Amyn M. , Shyu Irene , Timmons Charles Franklin , Hoffman Robert D.
Published: October 2019

Context.—

There is an ongoing perception that the pathology job market is poor, which may be discouraging medical students from pursuing the specialty. Academic pathologists believe that jobs are available but relocation may be necessary.

Objective.—

To identify trends regarding the geographic relocation of pathologists taking their first job after training.

Design.—

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) Graduate Medical Education Committee has sent an annual job search survey from 2012–2016 to CAP junior members and fellows in practice for 3 years or less and seeking their first job. Data were analyzed across demographics and geographic domains consisting of the following: stayed at same institution/city, relocated within the same region, or relocated to a different region. Standard statistical methods were used.

Results.—

Of 501 respondents, 421 reported completing combined anatomic pathology (AP)/clinical pathology (CP) training, while 80 reported AP- or CP-only training. Of the 421 AP/CP respondents, 109 (26%) stayed at the same institution or city, while of the 80 AP- or CP-only respondents, 36 (45%) stayed at the same institution or city. One hundred ninety-nine respondents completed surgical pathology fellowships with 124 (62%) general/oncologic surgical pathology and 75 (38%) subspecialty surgical pathology trainees. Job seekers who completed general surgical pathology/surgical oncologic pathology fellowship accounted for 34 of 52 (65%) of those remaining at the same institution or city, while those with subspecialty training accounted for 40 of 77 (52%) of those relocating to a different region. Relocation did not demonstrate any significant trends in regard to other demographics studied.

Conclusions.—

The pathology job market appears stable with no precedent for geographic hardship.
Management of Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Bartlett Jenna W. , Walker Pamela L.
Published: October 2019

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are commonly prescribed cardiovascular medications used in several disease states including hypertension, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation. Inadvertent exposure or intentional overdose of CCBs may result in hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, conduction disturbances, and hyperglycemia. In the most severe cases, CCB toxicity can lead to rapid cardiovascular collapse. Given the risk of significant morbidity and mortality associated with CCB toxicity, it is important that health care professionals are able to recognize and treat patients who present with a potentially toxic ingestion. Due to the paucity of literature in managing pediatric patients with severe CCB toxicity, treatment strategies for pediatric patients are mostly limited to case reports and extrapolation from expert consensus recommendations for adults. All pediatric patients with a potentially toxic CCB ingestion should be evaluated in the emergency department. Activated charcoal may be considered for asymptomatic patients presenting within an hour of ingestion. Symptomatic patients should be placed under cardiac monitoring and treatments to stabilize the patient's hemodynamics should not be delayed. Traditional first-line IV therapies include small boluses of fluids, calcium, and vasopressors. High-dose insulin has been proposed to independently increase inotropy and improve CCB-induced hypoinsulinemia and insulin resistance that results from CCB inhibition of insulin release from pancreatic β-islet cells. High-dose insulin is recommended as first-line therapy for adults and shows promising efficacy and safety in several pediatric case reports. Intravenous lipid emulsion may be considered in patients who are refractory to first-line therapies, although the data for pediatric patients are extremely limited.
Impact of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program on the Incidence of Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Hsu Alice Jenh , Tamma Pranita D.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE Vancomycin causes considerable acute kidney injury (AKI) in children, particularly in the setting of troughs of 15 to 20 mg/L. We sought to determine whether the addition of prospective audit and feedback to a preauthorization and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) program further reduces the incidence of AKI.

METHODS We conducted a quasiexperimental study of children admitted to The Johns Hopkins Hospital receiving vancomycin for ≥48 hours. The incidence of AKI was compared between the preintervention and intervention periods. Additional risk factors for vancomycin-associated AKI were also explored.

RESULTS A total of 386 courses of vancomycin therapy met eligibility criteria (200 in the preintervention vs 186 in the intervention period). The incidence of vancomycin-associated AKI did not differ between the preintervention and intervention periods, 8% vs 9%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the number of concurrent nephrotoxins was found to be an independent predictor of vancomycin-associated AKI, with each additional nephrotoxin increasing the risk of AKI by 40% (adjusted OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06–1.85; p = 0.019). Specific nephrotoxins that increased the risk of vancomycin-associated AKI included piperacillin/tazobactam, liposomal amphotericin B, and ibuprofen.

CONCLUSION The addition of prospective audit and feedback to a preauthorization and TDM program did not result in further AKI reduction. Prospective audit and feedback is a resource-intensive intervention. If preauthorization restrictions and TDM are already in place, our findings suggest stewardship efforts may be more effective if redirected to focus on other modifiable risk factors for vancomycin-associated AKI, such as minimizing additional nephrotoxins.
Dossiê Interfaces da Filosofia Africana
Authors: Machado Adilbênia Freire , Dantas Luís Thiago Freire , Corrêa Rogério Saucedo , Noguera Renato
Published: October 2019

É com muita satisfação que apresentamos este dossiê Interfaces da Filosofia Africana como edição especial da Voluntas: Revista Internacional de Filosofia. Antes de qualquer coisa, agradecemos ao editor principal, Vilmar Debona, que prontamente concordou em conceder esse número a uma tendência crescente nos estudos filosóficos brasileiros: a filosofia africana. A leitora ou o leitor podem estranhar que tal dossiê esteja presente em uma revista que historicamente se reservou a ser um espaço de discussão da filosofia do alemão Arthur Schopenhauer. Contudo, no interior do percurso teórico desse filósofo, sabemos que ele influenciou vários estudos que relacionaram Ocidente-Oriente a partir da filosofia vedanta. Uma influência iniciada no próprio Schopenhauer, pois fez do conhecimento dos Vedas base para os princípios de sua filosofia, a qual tinha o Nada como impulso da Vontade. Seguindo esse caminho, o primeiro dossiê em uma revista de filosofia reservada à filosofia africana ser justamente na Voluntas possui uma proximidade com esse aspecto biográfico da filosofia schopenhaueriana: um diálogo com outras filosofias. Para uma melhor condução da leitura dividimos os artigos que compõem o dossiê em temáticas: Ancestralidade e corpo; Conversas filosóficas; Filosofia Política; e Filosofia Antiga. Com isso os 16 artigos apresentam as diferentes Interfaces que a filosofia africana possui e contribui para o pensamento filosófico.
A necropolítica na eminência do devir-negro do mundo
Authors: Noguera Renato , Seixas Rogério Luis Da Rocha , Alves Brunior Francisco
Published: October 2019

A globalização atual trouxe uma infinidade de novos recursos tecnológicos e possibilidades para a realização de uma novo e tão esperado sonho de humanidade livre de todas as mazelas. Porém, como podemos notar, o mundo contemporâneo tem se mostrado, ao invés disso, uma máquina perversa de distribuição global das desigualdades, principalmente raciais anti-negros. Será por meio das críticas, conceitos e reflexões de Mbembe, Foucault e Agamben que buscaremos caracterizar esse mundo racistamente estruturado, desde a biopolítica, passando pela ideia de soberania e instituição da necropolítica, até as atuais possibilidades de um devir-negro do mundo.
Entrevista com Teresa Poester
Authors: Apotheke Revista
Published: October 2019

Entrevista com Teresa Poester
Do exercício de pesquisa e criação e suas notas cartográficas
Authors: Paniagua Pablo
Published: October 2019

Produções de discentes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais da UDESC, na Disciplina Sobre ser Artista Professor, ministrada pela Professora Dra. Jociele Lampert, 2014/1.
A URGÊNCIA DA POÉTICA
Authors:   DARG/FAAC/UNESP, Bamonte Joedy Luciana Barros Marins
Published: October 2019

O processo criativo é algo constante, configurado como uma rede de conexões. Em uma tessitura permanente, dados são agregados, gerando novos registros e obras artísticas dentro de uma poética. Transcrevo o desenvolvimento de três séries de trabalhos criadas por mim, envolvendo escolhas, seleções e interpretações inerentes ao continuum criativo. Com amparo na crítica de processo, saliento como esse percurso, em toda sua pessoalidade, delineou-se na necessidade de exteriorizar conflitos pessoais, percepções e elaborações mentais que constituem o ser artista, pesquisadora e docente.
A EXPERIÊNCIA COMO PROCESSO DE CRIAÇÃO NAS AULAS DE ARTES VISUAIS
Authors:   Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Amaral Thais
Published: October 2019

Este artigo enfatiza a importância da experiência artística durante o processo de criação para trabalhos visuais. Apresenta o processo criativo dos meus alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental de um colégio em São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, durante as aulas de artes em 2015.
UM MOSAICO MISTERIOSO: MONTAGEM DE UM MUNDO
Authors:   PPGAV/UFRGS, Schröpel Daiana
Published: October 2019

O presente texto trata dos processos construtivos resultado da simulação de um cenário baseado de uma publicação científica que compõe a instalação Um mosaico misterioso (2015). Esse trabalho tangencia conceitos do campo da arte e da ciência para mostrar como o discurso visual sistematizado na forma de velhas imagens pode ser reinventado por meio de procedimentos de coleta, manipulação e montagem para estabelecer novas relações com a realidade e sua aparência. A reflexão traça, ainda uma correspondência entre processos construtivos da imagem científica e a sua simulação em um contexto artístico específico.
Recortes sobre a cor Transformações cromáticas da pintura brasileira: do modernismo à arte contemporânea.
Authors:   USP, Giannotti Marco
Published: October 2019

O principal objetivo deste projeto consiste em analisar as principais transformações que ocorreram na pintura brasileira a partir do modernismo tendo o estudo cromático como fio condutor. Pretende-se mostrar como paulatinamente a pintura brasileira adquire certa autonomia estilística justamente na medida em que os pintores salientam as propriedades expressivas e espaciais da cor.
Financial Burdens of Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Smith Grace L. , Lopez-Olivo Maria A. , Advani Pragati G. , Ning Matthew S. , Geng Yimin , Giordano Sharon H. , Volk Robert J.
Published: October 2019

Background: Patients with cancer experience financial toxicity from the costs of treatment, as well as material and psychologic stress related to this burden. A synthesized understanding of predictors and outcomes of the financial burdens associated with cancer care is needed to underpin strategic responses in oncology care. This study systematically reviewed risk factors and outcomes associated with financial burdens related to cancer treatment. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched from study inception through June 2018, and reference lists were scanned from studies of patient-level predictors and outcomes of financial burdens in US patients with cancer (aged ≥18 years). Two reviewers conducted screening, abstraction, and quality assessment. Variables associated with financial burdens were synthesized. When possible, pooled estimates of associations were calculated using random-effects models. Results: A total of 74 observational studies of financial burdens in 598,751 patients with cancer were identified, among which 49% of patients reported material or psychologic financial burdens (95% CI, 41%–56%). Socioeconomic predictors of worse financial burdens with treatment were lack of health insurance, lower income, unemployment, and younger age at cancer diagnosis. Compared with patients with health insurance, those who were uninsured demonstrated twice the odds of financial burdens (pooled odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.33–3.30). Financial burdens were most severe early in cancer treatment, did not differ by disease site, and were associated with worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and nearly twice the odds of cancer medication nonadherence (pooled OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.13–2.56). Only a single study demonstrated an association with increased mortality. Studies assessing the comparative effectiveness of interventions to mitigate financial burdens in patients with cancer were lacking. Conclusions: Evidence showed that financial burdens are common, disproportionately impacting younger and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients with cancer, across disease sites, and are associated with worse treatment adherence and HRQoL. Available evidence helped identify vulnerable patients needing oncology provider engagement and response, but evidence is critically needed on the effectiveness of interventions designed to mitigate financial burden and impact.
Targeting PD-L1 After Adjuvant Radiation in Subtotally Resected Primary Pineal Melanoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Famoso Justin , Lemole Gerald , Sundararajan Srinath , Stea Baldassarre
Published: October 2019

Primary melanoma of the pineal gland is a rare disease entity with an overall poor prognosis. Limited data exist to appropriately guide treatment decisions. Historical case reports have showed some success using a combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but long-term survival has been exceedingly rare. This report presents a female patient with a primary pineal melanoma who underwent subtotal resection followed by adjuvant focal radiation to the residual tumor. Immunohistochemistry identified a strong positivity for PD-L1 (70%). After radiation, systemic therapy with pembrolizumab was initiated with the plan to treat until progression. She has now completed 33 cycles of pembrolizumab without interruptions, complications, or disease progression. At the time of writing, the patient has had an excellent clinical outcome, with a durable near-complete response of >138 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first patient with a pineal melanoma to be managed by targeting PD-L1. Furthermore, she has achieved the second longest overall survival and the longest progression-free survival reported in the literature.
How Do Sponsors Think about "Month 13"?
Authors: Lenard Patti Tamara
Published: October 2019

There are many different ways in which one might describe the goal of Canada’s Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program. For sponsors, though, one goal is clear: to get “their” refugees ready to handle the rigors of “month 13.” The supposed ideal is that, by month 13, newcomers are employed and living independently in Canada, as productive members of society. The reality is messier. The objective in this article is to offer an account of how sponsors think of their job, in relation to month 13. Using data collected via interviews with nearly sixty private sponsors in Ottawa, it is shown that sponsors are motivated by securing stability for newcomers by the time month 13 arrives, but that sponsors differently flesh out the meaning of the stability they are seeking to achieve on behalf of newcomers. In particular, the data suggest, sponsors believe that newcomers’ attitude to integration is especially strongly related to their actual integration, and newcomers do especially well by month 13 to the extent that sponsors are able to build and support a positive attitude towards it.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE FOR PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF THE RAW PIG PRODUCTION DATA
Authors: KOMASILOVS Vitalijs , KVIESIS Armands , ZACEPINS Aleksejs , BUMANIS Nikolajs
Published: October 2019

Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) approach requires immense amount of datacollection, aggregation and processing, using various hardware and softwaresolutions, and is applied in many farms trying to achieve the most efficient andeffective way of production. Hardware and software compatible systems capable ofachieving this goal are called Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS), andare a necessity for a complete and successful implementation for PrecisionAgriculture (PA) branch approaches. However, most of commercially availableFMIS do not only focus on crop management, but also have limited availability tosmall and average sized farms, in terms of price, supported language and specificfeatures. Simpler FMIS, on the other hand, do not have necessary capabilities tofully support PLF. There are currently very small amount of high grade pig farmoriented FMIS, especially for farms with less than a hundred of sows. Therefore,there exists the need for solutions for managing farms with limited number ofsows. To help address this need, authors proposed and developed architecture forunified data warehouse (DW), which was scalable and extendable cloud based datastorage and processing system with support of individual data analysis. DW hascapabilities to data interexchange and/or be integrated in existing FMIS throughoutvariety of data-in/data-out interfaces, like UIs, unmanned data supplier orconsumer systems. The core of the DW is designed to provide data processingflexibility and versatility, whereas data flow within the core is organized betweendata vaults in a controllable and reliable way.
Social Motor Priming: when offline interference facilitates motor execution
Authors: Betti Sonia , Chinellato Eris , Guerra Silvia , Castiello Umberto , Sartori Luisa
Published: October 2019

Many daily activities involve synchronizing with other people’s actions. Previous literature has revealed that a slowdown of performance occurs whenever the action to be carried out is different to the one observed (i.e., visuomotor interference). However, action execution can be facilitated by observing a different action if it calls for an interactive gesture (i.e., social motor priming). The aim of this study is to investigate the costs and benefits of spontaneously processing a social response and then executing the same or a different action. Participants performed two different types of grips, which could be either congruent or not with the socially appropriate response and with the observed action. In particular, participants performed a precision grip (PG; thumb-index fingers opposition) or a whole-hand grasp (WHG; fingers-palm opposition) after observing videos showing an actor performing a PG and addressing them (interactive condition) or not (non-interactive condition). Crucially, in the interactive condition, the most appropriate response was a WHG, but in 50 percent of trials participants were asked to perform a PG. This procedure allowed us to measure both the facilitator effect of performing an action appropriate to the social context (WHG)—but different with respect to the observed one (PG)—and the cost of inhibiting it. These effects were measured by means of 3-D kinematical analysis of movement. Results show that, in terms of reaction time and movement time, the interactive request facilitated (i.e., speeded) the socially appropriate action (WHG), whereas interfered with (i.e., delayed) a different action (PG), although observed actions were always PGs. This interference also manifested with an increase of maximum grip aperture, which seemingly reflects the concurrent representation of the socially appropriate response. Overall, these findings extend previous research by revealing that physically incongruent action representations can be integrated into a single action plan even during an offline task and without any training.
Characterization of dengue cases among patients with an acute illness, Central Department, Paraguay
Authors: Rojas Alejandra , Cardozo Fátima , Cantero César , Stittleburg Victoria , López Sanny , Bernal Cynthia , Gimenez Acosta Francisco Eugenio , Mendoza Laura , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Arévalo de Guillén Ivalena , Páez Malvina , Waggoner Jesse
Published: October 2019

Background

In 2018, Paraguay experienced a large dengue virus (DENV) outbreak. The primary objective of this study was to characterize dengue cases in the Central Department, where the majority of cases occur, and identify factors associated with DENV infection.

Methods

Patients were enrolled from January-May 2018 if they presented with a suspected arboviral illness. Acute-phase specimens (≤8 days after symptom onset) were tested using rRT-PCR, a rapid diagnostic test for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and anti-DENV IgM and IgG, and ELISA for IgG against NS1 from Zika virus (ZIKV).

Results

A total of 231 patients were enrolled (95.2% adults) at two sites: emergency care and an outpatient clinical site. Patients included 119 (51.5%) dengue cases confirmed by rRT-PCR (n = 115, 96.6%) and/or the detection of NS1 and anti-DENV IgM (n = 4, 3.4%). DENV-1 was the predominant serotype (109/115, 94.8%). Epidemiologically, dengue cases and non-dengue cases were similar, though dengue cases were less likely to reside in a house/apartment or report a previous dengue case. Clinical and laboratory findings associated with dengue included red eyes, absence of sore throat, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. At an emergency care site, 26% of dengue cases (26/100) required hospitalization. In univariate analysis, hospitalization was associated with increased viral load, anti-DENV IgG, and thrombocytopenia. Among dengue cases that tested positive for IgG against ZIKV NS1, the odds of DENV NS1 detection in the acute phase were decreased 10-fold (OR 0.1, 0.0–0.3).

Conclusions

Findings from a predominantly adult population demonstrate clinical and laboratory factors associated with DENV infections and the potential severity of dengue in this group. The combination of viral load and specific IgG antibodies warrant further study as a prognostic to identify patients at risk for severe disease.
Diffusion basis spectrum imaging for identifying pathologies in MS subtypes
Authors: Shirani Afsaneh , Sun Peng , Trinkaus Kathryn , Perantie Dana C. , George Ajit , Naismith Robert T. , Schmidt Robert E. , Song Sheng‐Kwei , Cross Anne H.
Published: October 2019

Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) combines discrete anisotropic diffusion tensors and the spectrum of isotropic diffusion tensors to model the underlying multiple sclerosis (MS) pathologies. We used clinical MS subtypes as a surrogate of underlying pathologies to assess DBSI as a biomarker of pathology in 55 individuals with MS. Restricted isotropic fraction (reflecting cellularity) and fiber fraction (representing apparent axonal density) were the most important DBSI metrics to classify MS using brain white matter lesions. These DBSI metrics outperformed lesion volume. When analyzing the normal‐appearing corpus callosum, the most significant DBSI metrics were fiber fraction, radial diffusivity (reflecting myelination), and nonrestricted isotropic fraction (representing edema). This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the ability of DBSI as a potential noninvasive biomarker of MS neuropathology.
Diffusion tensor imaging in orthostatic tremor: a tract‐based spatial statistics study
Authors: Benito‐León Julián , Romero Juan P. , Louis Elan D. , Sánchez‐Ferro Alvaro , Matarazzo Michele , Molina‐Arjona José A. , Mato‐Abad Virginia
Published: October 2019

Objective

The pathogenesis of orthostatic tremor (OT) is unknown. We investigated OT‐related white matter changes and their correlations with scores from a neuropsychological testing battery.

Methods

Diffusion tensor imaging measures were compared between 14 OT patients and 14 age‐ and education‐matched healthy controls, using whole‐brain tract‐based spatial statistics analysis. Correlations between altered diffusion metrics and cognitive performance in OT group were assessed.

Results

In all cognitive domains (attention, executive function, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, visual memory, and language), OT patients’ cognitive performance was significantly worse than that of healthy controls. OT patients demonstrated altered diffusivity metrics not only in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum (left cerebellar lobule VI) and in its efferent cerebellar fibers (left superior cerebellar peduncle), but also in medial lemniscus bilaterally (pontine tegmentum), anterior limb of the internal capsule bilaterally, right posterior limb of the internal capsule, left anterior corona radiata, right insula, and the splenium of corpus callosum. No relationship was found between diffusion measures and disease duration in OT patients. Diffusion white matter changes, mainly those located in right anterior limb of the internal capsule, were correlated with poor performance on tests of executive function, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, and visual memory in OT patients.

Interpretation

White matter changes were preferentially located in the cerebellum, its efferent pathways, as well as in the pontine tegmentum and key components of the frontal–thalamic–cerebellar circuit. Further work needs to be done to understand the evolution of these white matter changes and their functional consequences.
Enhanced Performances of PVK/ZnO Nanorods/Graphene Heterostructure UV Photodetector via Piezo‐Phototronic Interface Engineering
Authors: Zhang Xinglai , Zhang Jian , Leng Bing , Li Jing , Ma Zongyi , Yang Wenjin , Liu Fei , Liu Baodan
Published: October 2019

The piezo‐phototronic effect can effectively engineer the energy band structure at the local interface of piezo‐semiconductor junction, and thus improve the performance of optoelectronics. In this work, a high‐performance poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/ZnO nanorods/graphene heterostructure photodetector is designed and fabricated using a multi‐step process. By introducing a −1.093% compressive strain to the hybrid heterostructure, carrier‐dynamics modulation at the local junctions can be induced by the piezoelectric polarization, and the photoresponsivity and the specific detectivity of the photodetector can be enhanced ≈440% and ≈132% under UV light illumination with the peak values up to 80.6 A W−1 and 2.3 × 1011 Jones, respectively. The photoresponse enhancement is attributed to the piezopotential generated at PVK/ZnO and ZnO/graphene interfaces, which promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Physical working mechanism behind the observed results is discussed via energy band diagram. This work not only presents a new way to achieve the higher performance in photodetectors by fully utilizing piezo‐phototronic interface engineering but also provides a deep understanding of piezo‐phototronic effect on optoelectronic devices.
Prevalence of unsuspected abnormal echocardiograms in adolescents with down syndrome
Authors: Clauss Sarah B. , Gidding Samuel S. , Cochrane Claire I. , Walega Rachel , Zemel Babette S. , Pipan Mary E. , Magge Sheela N. , Kelly Andrea , Cohen Meryl S.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of cardiac disease previously undiagnosed in healthy asymptomatic children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Subjects with DS ages 10–20 years were recruited from two sites, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA) and Children's National Health System (Washington, DC) for a cross‐sectional study of body composition and cardiometabolic risk. Echocardiographic and clinical data were collected from patients enrolled in the parent study of cardiometabolic risk. Nine (6%) new cardiac diagnoses were identified out of 149 eligible patients. All new findings resulted in outpatient referrals to pediatric cardiology. Current guidelines recommend screening all newborns with DS for congenital heart disease. Older patients with DS may benefit from rescreening.
Prevalence and characterization of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with non‒cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis at a tertiary care center in the United States
Authors: Somani Shaan N. , Kwah Jason H. , Yeh Chen , Conley David B. , Grammer Leslie C. , Kern Robert C. , Prickett Michelle , Schleimer Robert P. , Smith Stephanie S. , Stevens Whitney W. , Tan Bruce K. , Welch Kevin C. , Peters Anju T.
Published: October 2019

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with bronchiectasis; however, this relationship has not been well studied in the United States (US) population. In this work we aimed to determine the prevalence of CRS among patients with bronchiectasis affiliated with a US tertiary medical center and identify which comorbid diseases are associated with the presence of CRS in patients with bronchiectasis.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were obtained from a large database warehouse at a tertiary care center. Patients with bronchiectasis were identified from 2007 to 2017 using diagnosis codes from the the ninth and tenth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9/10) and confirmed by radiographic evidence of bronchiectasis on chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Patients were divided into cohorts based on presence or absence of concomitant CRS. Characteristics analyzed included demographics, comorbidities, peripheral eosinophil counts, and pulmonary function testing.

Results

CRS was present in 45% (408 of 900) of patients with bronchiectasis. Females represented a majority of bronchiectasis patients, both with and without CRS (69% and 64%, respectively, p = 0.09). After controlling for demographic factors, asthma (p < 0.01), allergic rhinitis (p < 0.01), gastroesophageal reflux disease (p < 0.01), and antibody deficiency (p < 0.01) were associated with the presence of CRS in patients with bronchiectasis.

Conclusion

CRS had a high prevalence and was associated with numerous comorbid conditions in patients with bronchiectasis. These findings have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and future research.
Die Projektgeschichte des Hochmoselübergangs aus Sicht der Verwaltung
Authors: Bartnick Hans‐Michael
Published: October 2019

Der Hochmoselübergang im Zuge der B 50 neu ist ein großräumiger Lückenschluss im Bundesfernstraßenbau. Es handelt sich um eines der wichtigsten Straßenbauvorhaben in Rheinland‐Pfalz. Herzstück ist die 1,7 km lange und rd. 160 m hohe Hochmoselbrücke. Die Planungsgeschichte reicht nahezu ein halbes Jh. zurück. Ab dem Bedarfsplan 1993 steht das Projekt im vordringlichen Bedarf. Die beiden Planfeststellungsbeschlüsse aus dem Jahr 2000 wurden beklagt. Ein Reparaturverfahren wurde erforderlich. Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht (BVerwG) gab 2008 endgültig grünes Licht. Das Land Rheinland‐Pfalz wirkt in allen Phasen als Auftragsverwaltung. Der Landesbetrieb Mobilität (LBM) begleitet das Projekt kontinuierlich mit den unterschiedlichsten Aufgaben. Mit der Freigabe im Nov. 2019 kann der Verkehr die Strecke endlich nutzen.
Zur Druckfestigkeit und Drucksteifigkeit des infolge Querzugs gerissenen ultrahochfesten Betons
Authors: Leutbecher Torsten
Published: October 2019

Querzug und Rissbildung führen bei Stahlbeton allgemein zu einer Verminderung der Druckfestigkeit. In Biaxialversuchen an bewehrten Scheiben konnte dies auch für ultrahochfesten Beton (UHFB) bestätigt werden. Dabei ist die Reduzierung der Druckfestigkeit für Feinkorn‐UHFB bereits bei kleinen Querzugdehnungen deutlich ausgeprägt. Neben der Druckfestigkeit ist auch die Drucksteifigkeit von einer Abminderung infolge Querzugs und Rissbildung betroffen. Dies lässt sich an UHFB aufgrund seines weitgehend linear elastischen Verhaltens unter Druckbeanspruchung sehr gut nachvollziehen. Durch Zugabe von Stahlfasern verringert sich die Abminderung der Druckfestigkeit sowie der Drucksteifigkeit. Insgesamt fällt die Abminderung der Druckfestigkeit sowohl für faserfreien stabstahlbewehrten UHFB als auch für mit einer Kombination aus Stabstahl und Stahlfasern bewehrten UHFB kaum größer aus als für normalfesten Stahlbeton bzw. normalfesten stahlfaserverstärkten Stahlbeton. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse erlauben die Formulierung eines Materialmodells für den infolge Querzugs gerissenen, druckbeanspruchten UHFB.
Glucorticoid‐induced obesity individuals have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome
Authors: Qiu Dongxu , Xia Zhiwei , Deng Jun , Jiao Xiao , Liu Lanzhi , Li Jing
Published: October 2019

The human intestine and its resident microbiota are known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of primary obesity. However, a little is known of the gut microbiota profiles in individuals with obesity induced by glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Here, we recruited 28 people with GC‐induced obesity and 27 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls, whose feces have been collected separately, to delineate the gut microbial characteristics in GC‐induced obesity individuals. High‐throughput Illumina sequencing targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene has been applied to analyze the structure of the intestinal microbiome. Gas chromatography was also used to measure levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a subset of key gut microbial metabolites mainly produced by Bacteroidetes. We found dramatically decreased gut microbial diversity in individuals with GC‐induced obesity. In addition, the bacterial communities of the GC‐induced obesity group were enriched in Firmicutes (e.g., genus Streptococcus) and depleted in Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, SCFA content was decreased in GC‐induced obesity status. Overall, this study conducted a case–control study with 55 participants in which we analyzed gut microbiota to develop intestinal microbial profiles of patients undergoing long‐term treatment with GCs. Concomitantly, the level of SCFAs was also detected in those study participants.
Association between abdominal hernia and the risk of subsequent dementia
Authors: Hung Kuo‐Chuan , Sun Cheuk‐Kwan , Chen Jen‐Yin , Wang Hsiang‐Chi , Kao Chia‐Hung
Published: October 2019

Objective

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and hernia formation. This retrospective cohort study was designed to assess whether there is an association between hernia and the risk of dementia.

Materials and Methods

Patients (≥45 years) with hernias were identified between 2000 and 2008 from a longitudinal claims data of one million beneficiaries from Taiwan's National Health Insurance program. A control group of patients with comparable distributions of sex, age, socioeconomic status, urbanization, and medical comorbidities without hernia were chosen for matching in a ratio of 1:1. Patients previously diagnosed with dementia were excluded. Follow‐up ended on December 31, 2013. Incidence rate of dementia was compared between patients with hernias and those without. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards relative to those of the control group.

Results

After matching, there were 4,784 hernia and 4,784 nonhernia patients. Hernia patients showed a higher incidence rate and hazard ratio of dementia than those in nonhernia group (8.82 vs. 7.19/1,000 person‐years; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.45; p < .01). Advanced age (p < .0001), hypertension (p = .0139), head injury (p = .0003), and stroke (p = .041) were found to be risk factors for dementia, while patients with high socioeconomic status (p < .01) and history of coronary artery disease (p = .0292) were unlikely to develop dementia in our cohort study.

Conclusion

Patients with hernias were associated with a higher incidence of dementia than those without. Our finding should be validated in further prospective studies with larger samples.
Rapidly enlarging abdominal mass in a patient with recurrent germ cell tumor
Authors: Ho Lauren , Pisters Louis , Tu Shi‐Ming
Published: October 2019

This clinical image illustrates the alarming growth rate for an embryonal carcinoma, as well as its highly curable nature. For similar cases, early diagnosis and treatment are key.
Delayed sclerosing granulomatous reaction to dermal filler injection of poly‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate suspended in hyaluronic acid: Histochemical and confocal laser scanning microscopical analysis
Authors: Capodiferro Saverio , Sportelli Pasquale , Limongelli Luisa , Dell’Olio Fabio , Tempesta Angela , Favia Gianfranco , Maiorano Eugenio
Published: October 2019

Re‐absorbable dermal fillers of poly‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate suspended in hyaluronic acid are considered overall safe and well tolerable because of biocompatibility; nevertheless, rarely, late, or early adverse reactions may occur.
Experiences of Altruism in the Therapeutic Relationship: Perspectives of Counselors‐in‐Training and Their Clients
Authors: Flasch Paulina , Limberg‐Ohrt Dodie , Fox Jesse , Ohrt Jonathan H. , Crunk Elizabeth , Robinson Edward
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this phenomenological investigation was to explore experiences of altruism in the therapeutic relationship to better understand how counselors‐in‐training (CITs) and their clients mutually perceived the construct in sessions. Findings from interviews with clients (n = 14) included emotional–relational characteristics and cognitive–behavioral aspects of altruism by their counselors. Findings from interviews with CITs (n = 10) included explorations of the role of altruism in counseling, overall experiences of altruism in counseling sessions, and experiences of altruism with specific clients. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Readability and quality of online eating disorder information—Are they sufficient? A systematic review evaluating websites on anorexia nervosa using DISCERN and Flesch Readability
Authors: Arts Hanne , Lemetyinen Henna , Edge Dawn
Published: October 2019

Objective

Evaluate the quality and readability of United Kingdom‐based websites on anorexia nervosa.

Method

First‐page search results of three search engines (with search term “anorexia nervosa”) were consulted. Websites were excluded if they were pro‐ana, duplications, advertisements, Wikipedia, nonwritten/video, invalid addresses, non‐English, book links, articles/news pages, and discussion forums. Fifteen websites were evaluated on information quality using DISCERN, and on readability using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) Scale. Spearman's correlations between quality and readability were calculated.

Results

DISCERN‐scores ranged from 34 to 71 (M = 49.27, SD = 9.16), representing “fair” information quality. FRE‐scores ranged from 28 to 64 (M = 42.7, SD = 13.43), representing “difficult” readability. The Royal College of Psychiatrists website (https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/) received the only “excellent” quality rating and was the only website that met the recommended reading level. The other websites' quality varied, and their reading levels ranged from fairly to very difficult.

Conclusion

Website quality scores varied. Oftentimes, information about treatment risks and benefits was lacking, and texts were too complex. Website quality seals could prove beneficial, and web developers should use quality and readability measures to ensure information accessibility. Future research should utilize DISCERN and FRE to evaluate quality and readability of websites pertaining to other eating disorders too.

Video abstract: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9DKS7qISSA&feature=youtu.be
Meta‐analytic and functional connectivity evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging for an anterior to posterior gradient of function along the hippocampal axis
Authors: Grady Cheryl L.
Published: October 2019

There is considerable evidence from non‐human animal studies that the anterior and posterior regions of the hippocampus have different anatomical connections and support different behavioural functions. Although there are some recent human studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that have addressed this idea directly in the memory and spatial processing domains and provided support for it, there has been no broader meta‐analysis of the fMRI literature to determine if there is consistent evidence for functional dissociations in anterior and posterior hippocampus across all of the different cognitive domains in which the hippocampus participates. The purpose of this review is to address this gap in our knowledge using three approaches. One approach involved PubMed searches to identify relevant fMRI papers reporting hippocampal activation during episodic encoding and retrieval, semantic retrieval, working memory, spatial navigation, simulation/scene construction, transitive inference, and social cognition tasks. The second was to use a large meta‐analytic database (neurosynth) to find text terms and coactivation maps associated with the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions identified in the literature search. The third approach was to contrast the resting‐state functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions using a publicly available database that includes a large sample of adults. These three approaches provided converging evidence that not only are cognitive processes differently distributed along the hippocampal axis, but there also are distinct areas coactivated and functionally connected with the anterior and posterior segments. This anterior/posterior distinction involving multiple cognitive domains is consistent with the animal literature and provides strong support from fMRI for the idea of functional dissociations across the long axis of the hippocampus.