bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs): their biosynthetic enzymatic machinery, physiological functions and commercial potential
Authors: Singh Gopal , Sharma Shikha , Rawat Sandeep , Sharma Ram Kumar
Published: August 2022

Plants, the primary producers of our planet, have evolved from simple aquatic life to very complex terrestrial habitat. This habitat transition coincides with evolution of enormous chemical diversity, collectively termed as ‘Plant Specialised Metabolisms (PSMs)’, to cope the environmental challenges. Plant glycosylation is an important process of metabolic diversification of PSMs to govern their in planta stability, solubility and inter/intra-cellular transport. Although, individual category of PSMs (terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phytohormones, glucosinolates and cyanogenic glycosides) have been well studied; nevertheless, deeper insights of physiological functioning and genomic aspects of plant glycosylation/deglycosylation processes including enzymatic machinery (CYPs, GTs, and GHs) and regulatory elements are still elusive. Therefore, this review discussed the paradigm shift on genomic background of enzymatic machinery, transporters and regulatory mechanism of ‘Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs)’. Current efforts also update the fundamental understanding about physiological, evolutionary and adaptive role of glycosylation/deglycosylation processes during the metabolic diversification of PSGs. Additionally, futuristic considerations and recommendations for employing integrated next-generation multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), including gene/genome editing (CRISPR-Cas) approaches are also proposed to explore commercial potential of PSGs.
They’re sicker than we think: an exploratory study profiling the cardio-metabolic health in a sample of adults with pre-diabetes in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Barthow Christine , Pullon Sue , Weatherall Mark , Krebs Jeremy
Published: August 2022

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent and potentially preventable condition associated with significant health, social, and economic costs. The detection and management of pre-diabetes is an important opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM and associated morbidities; however, its importance is controversial as the health risks associated with pre-diabetes are poorly understood. Aim To understand the cardio-metabolic health profile of a sample of adults with pre-diabetes in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods Secondary analyses of baseline data from all 153 adults recruited to an intervention trial for adults with pre-diabetes were carried out. A profile of cardio-metabolic risk was measured by describing the proportion with metabolic syndrome (MetS) calculated using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, which includes blood pressure, lipids, and obesity in addition to glycaemic measures. The severity of MetS was calculated as MetS Z-scores. Subgroup analyses for sex, ethnicity and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were performed. Results Overall, 74% of this study population had MetS, and the proportion varied according to ethnicity and HbA1c level. The severity of MetS was highly variable, with MetS-Z-scores ranging from −1.0 to 2.8. Although mean MetS Z-scores differed according to ethnicity and HbA1c level, all subgroups included individuals with widely differing severity of MetS, suggesting likely quite different risks for progression to diabetes or cardiovascular disease across the range of pre-diabetes defined by HbA1c. Discussion Single biochemical markers of glycaemia are insufficient to ascertain overall cardio-metabolic risk when prioritising clinical efforts for those with pre-diabetes, particularly in primary care, where the potential for preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significant. Findings indicate the importance of attending to all cardio-metabolic risk factors when caring for people with pre-diabetes. The development of tools using multiple relevant variables and predicting a comprehensive range of outcomes would improve timely risk stratification and treatment effect monitoring of pre-diabetes populations.
Representational gestures correlated with meaning-associated aspects of L2 speech performance
Authors: Ma Sai , Jin Guangsa , Barlow Michael
Published: August 2022

Gesture and speech are closely associated channels involved in conveying meaning. Previous studies have reported the relationship between gesture use and speech performance for highly proficient speakers. This study extends the investigation of this relationship by correlating the representational gesture rate and complexity, accuracy, and fluency measures for L2 speech produced by lower-intermediate-level EFL learners with Chinese as their L1. Three speech tasks were adopted with two activating concrete concepts and one abstract concepts. The results showed that the representational gesture rate was correlated with meaning-associated but not form-associated speech measures for L2 learners, and that the task type did not influence the relationship between gesture and speech. This study suggests that representational gesture use has a close relationship with meaning-related speech measures for lower proficiency L2 speakers when they talk about both concrete and abstract concepts.
Ellipsoidal equiaxial grain of 7055 aluminium alloy in vacuum centrifugal casting
Authors: Yong Li , Yin Wang , Xiao-Ming Qian , Bo-si Zhang , Zhao-dong Wang
Published: August 2022

The 7055 aluminium alloy cast tube was prepared by vacuum centrifugal casting technology. The radial and axial microstructure of the alloy was observed by optical microscope and electron probe. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure is uniform and fine equiaxed, and intermetallic compounds are distributed at grain boundaries. In addition, the circumferential grain size and the number of intermetallic compounds were larger than that in the axial direction. The grains are ellipsoidal and equiaxed. This is the result of directional heat conduction, solid solubility migration and redistribution of solute during the solidification process of centrifugal casting. After homogenisation, the grains tend to be spherical equiaxed crystals, which is the result of different degrees of recrystallisation in the circumferential and axial directions.
Loss of ARL13 impedes BBSome-dependent cargo export from Chlamydomonas cilia
Authors: Dai Jin , Zhang Gui , Alkhofash Rama A. , Mekonnen Betlehem , Saravanan Sahana , Xue Bin , Fan Zhen-Chuan , Betleja Ewelina , Cole Douglas G. , Liu Peiwei , Lechtreck Karl
Published: August 2022

The GTPase Arl13b participates in ciliary protein transport, but its contribution to intraflagellar transport (IFT), the main motor-based protein shuttle of cilia, remains largely unknown. Chlamydomonas arl13 mutant cilia were characterized by both abnormal reduction and accumulation of select membrane-associated proteins. With respect to the latter, a similar set of proteins including phospholipase D (PLD) also accumulated in BBSome-deficient cilia. IFT and BBSome traffic were apparently normal in arl13. However, transport of PLD, which in control cells moves by BBSome-dependent IFT, was impaired in arl13, causing PLD to accumulate in cilia. ARL13 only rarely and transiently traveled by IFT, indicating that it is not a co-migrating adapter securing PLD to IFT trains. In conclusion, the loss of Chlamydomonas ARL13 impedes BBSome-dependent protein transport, resulting in overlapping biochemical defects in arl13 and bbs mutant cilia.
Does relativistic cosmology software handle emergent volume evolution?
Authors: Borkowska Justyna , Roukema Boudewijn F
Published: August 2022

Several software packages for relativistic cosmological simulations that do not fully implement the Einstein equation have recently been developed. Two of the free-licensed ones are inhomog and gevolution. A key question is whether globally emergent volume evolution that is faster than that of a Friedmannian reference model results from the averaged effects of structure formation. Checking that emergent volume evolution is correctly modelled by the packages is thus needed. We numerically replace the software’s default random realisation of initial seed fluctuations by a fluctuation of spatially constant amplitude in a simulation’s initial conditions. The average volume evolution of the perturbed model should follow that of a Friedmannian expansion history that corresponds to the original Friedmannian reference solution modified by the insertion of the spatially constant perturbation. We derive the equations that convert from the perturbed reference solution to the effective solution. We find that inhomog allows emergent volume evolution correctly at first order through to the current epoch. For initial conditions with a resolution of N = 1283 particles and an initial non-zero extrinsic curvature invariant I
i
= 0.001, inhomog matches an exact Friedmannian solution to −0.0058% (Einstein–de Sitter, EdS) or −0.0033% (ΛCDM). We find that gevolution models the decaying mode to fair accuracy, and excludes the growing mode by construction. For N = 1283 and an initial scalar potential Φ = 0.001, gevolution is accurate for the decaying mode to 0.012% (EdS) or 0.013% (ΛCDM). We conclude that this special case of an exact non-linear solution for a perturbed Friedmannian model provides a robust calibration for relativistic cosmological simulations.
Plasma-enabled microwave modulation for continuous beam scanning
Authors: Ye Xin , Wang Yongge , Yao Jingfeng , Yuan Chengxun , Zhou Zhongxiang , Astafiev Aleksandr M , Kudryavtsev Anatoly A
Published: August 2022

The continuous beam scanning capability is a key characteristic of the reconfigurable antenna in wireless communication. In this work, we theoretically imply that the plasma columns are capable of smoothly manipulating the transmission of the electromagnetic waves. And then we propose a plasma-based microwave modulation method for obtaining a high precision beam scanning over 360∘ on the azimuthal plane by tailoring the operating currents in 22-tube plasma window antenna system. Through this simple current modulation approach, a continuous beam scanning is achieved at the reconfiguration time of 0.6 ms without any detriment to the lobe shape.
Spin excitation spectrum of biskyrmion in a confined nanodot
Authors: Yuan Yingyue , Zeng Zhaozhuo , Wang Jianing , Ma Yunxu , Zhang Senfu , Wei Jinwu , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang
Published: August 2022

A biskyrmion, which consist of two stable Bloch skyrmions with opposite magnetic helicities has been observed in several centrosymmetric ferromagnets such as layered perovskite manganites and MnNiGa. Here, the spin excitation modes of biskyrmion in a confined nanodot were investigated by using micromagnetic simulations. An oscillation mode at the lower frequency and two mixed modes of breathing and rotation at higher frequencies are observed. In addition, the frequencies for mixed modes exhibit remarkable dependence on the change of magnetization profile. However, the in-plane orientation of biskyrmion does not shift the excitation frequencies corresponding to all eigenmodes. Our result indicates novel excitation modes which enrich the theory of eigenmodes for spin textures and offers a direct mean of detecting and characterizing biskyrmion in experiment.
Fabrication and simulation study for vertical micro-TEGs based on printed circuit board manufacturing processes
Authors: Sherkat Negin , Kattiparambil Sivaprasad Athira , Pelz Uwe , Woias Peter
Published: August 2022

The development of fabrication procedures for micro-thermoelectric generators (µTEGs) based on low-cost fabrication technologies, appropriate for mass production is discussed and demonstrated in this study. Simulations were carried out, two manufacturing processes were tested, and device performance is compared to simulation results for vertical µTEGs. The substrate for this device is a printed circuit board, and the thermoelectric materials are self-developed Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (p-type) and Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (n-type) pastes. A square µTEG (15 mm × 15 mm × 500 µm) with eight thermocouples (TCs) was fabricated. The characterization of the fabricated 8-TC-µTEG was carried out and a power output of 1.23 µW was obtained for the fabricated 8-TC-µTEG. The measurement results of this 8-TC-µTEG closely match simulation results as well. Moreover, a novel vertical electrical contact resistance measurement setup is designed and implemented into the final evaluation of µTEG production to have a more accurate assessment. The simulation study is also applied for the designed electrical contact resistance measurement setup. As a result, the contact resistivity of Bi2Te3/Cu was calculated as 5.65 × 10−4 Ωcm2.
Generation of tripartite squeezed state by cascaded four-wave mixing in single hot rubidium atomic system
Authors: Li Changbiao , Li Yufeng , Li Wei , Li Kangkang , Liu Yuliang , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: August 2022

We report the quantum correlated triple beams via cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) amplified in single hot atomic vapor. Experimentally, we show that strong quantum correlation of three light beams, among them any two’s quantum correlation is characterized by the maximum value of intensity-difference squeezing (IDS) about −7.8 ± 0.3 dB. We found there is IDS between two idler beams, because two pairs of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen injections potentially exist in our system. Besides, CFWM can emit three-mode beams at three different frequencies, in which these beams can be well separated in the spatial domain. Moreover, much difference with other methods, the injecting probe field can manipulate the gain and IDS of output three-mode light beams, which is resulting from competition relationship between cascaded two four-wave mixing processes. More interestingly, Autler–Townes splitting of gain peaks of output signals due to dressing effect of pumping fields, will lead to the evolution of measured two- and three-mode IDS from single-mode to multi-mode at frequency domain. This result will provide a multimode quantum resource which can potentially realize multimode entanglement and quantum networks.
Dynamical dark energy in minimally modified gravity
Authors: Ganz Alexander
Published: August 2022

Minimally modified gravity is a class of models with only the two tensor degrees of freedom as in general relativity. Using the framework with auxiliary constraints these models can maintain a dynamical cosmological background. The form of the constraints is thereby restricted by the requirement of dynamical dark energy and the avoidance of a breakdown of perturbation theory. Studying the linear perturbations around the FLRW background the results are, however, quite insensitive to the details of the constraints leading to a modified effective gravitational constant or a non-vanishing sound speed for dust.
Covalent hadronic molecules induced by shared light quarks
Authors: Chen Hua-Xing
Published: August 2022

After examining Feynman diagrams corresponding to theD¯(*)Σc(*),D¯(*)Λc,D(*)K¯*, andD(*)D¯(*)hadronic molecular states, we propose a possible binding mechanism induced by shared light quarks. This mechanism is similar to the covalent bond in chemical molecules induced by shared electrons. We use the method of QCD sum rules to calculate its corresponding light-quark-exchange diagrams, and the obtained results indicate a model-independent hypothesis: the light-quark-exchange interaction is attractive when the shared light quarks are totally antisymmetric so they obey the Pauli principle. We build a toy model with four parameters to formulize this picture and estimate binding energies of some possibly-existing covalent hadronic molecules. A unique feature of this picture is that the binding energies of the (I)JP= (0)1+DB¯*/D*B¯hadronic molecules are much larger than those of the (I)JP= (0)1+DD*/B¯B¯*ones, while the (I)JP= (1/2)1/2+D¯Σc/D¯Σb/BΣc/BΣbhadronic molecules have similar binding energies.
Demonstration of 4H-SiC CMOS digital IC gates based on the mainstream 6-inch wafer processing technique
Authors: Yang Tongtong , Wang Yan , Yue Ruifeng
Published: August 2022

In this article, the design, fabrication and characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based integrated circuits (ICs) are presented. A metal interconnect strategy is proposed to fabricate the fundamental N-channel MOS (NMOS) and P-channel MOS (PMOS) devices that are required for the CMOS circuit configuration. Based on the mainstream 6-inch SiC wafer processing technology, the simultaneous fabrication of SiC CMOS ICs and power MOSFET is realized. Fundamental gates, such as inverter and NAND gates, are fabricated and tested. The measurement results show that the inverter and NAND gates function well. The calculated low-to-high delay (low-to-high output transition) and high-to-low delay (high-to-low output transition) are 49.9 and 90 ns, respectively.
The forgotten (?) potentiometric method in thermometry
Authors: Steur Peter P M
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the use of the (four-wire) automatic resistance bridge is widespread in thermometry, up to the point that it is believed to be the only method to measure the resistance of thermometers with the required accuracy. However, before the introduction of this type of bridge, other methods were used in thermometry that, specifically with the comparison of thermometers, may still have their advantages. One of these is the so-called two-wire potentiometric method, described here shortly, where—unlike the four-wire method—all thermometers of the same type are placed in a series configuration, and only voltages are measured with a carefully characterized potentiometer. Additionally, a variant of the method is given which may successfully be applied with future thermometer comparisons.
Local destabilization of the ideal or infinite-n ballooning mode in the H-mode pedestal region with high triangularity
Authors: Kim J.Y. , Han H.S.
Published: August 2022

Unlike the usual belief that the access to the 2nd stability regime of the H-mode pedestal is facilitated by strong plasma shaping, high triangularity is shown to induce a local breakdown of the access by destabilizing the ideal or infinite-n ballooning mode in the outer-well region, where n is the toroidal mode number. This destabilization in high triangularity regime is conjectured mainly due to the substantial increase of the magnetic shear, which can then make the stabilizing magnetic well effect sub-dominant. A large similarity observed in the mode excitation condition and location suggests that these locally-destabilized modes may be a possible source of the broadband fluctuations which are believed to trigger the wide pedestal quiescent-H (QH) mode in low toroidal rotation limit.
Architectural design criteria for infection control in hospitals during construction and development
Authors: Marawan Emad , Rezk Hosam , Sameh Hesham
Published: August 2022

Hospitals are the type of buildings which need development and expansion continuously so it can achieve all the demands of the progress in the medical field, medical devices, and the updates in the infrastructure of the hospitals. Due to the spread of many bacteria that are related to the construction and development process, many countries had to take into considerations many strict precautions to reduce the danger of the infection spread. These precautions are important either inside the building of the hospital or outside, so the maximum reduction of infection spread should be reached as there are many patients suffer from lack of immunity. This research aims to reach a rational design criterion for hospital designers which gains the required demands to combat the infection spread during construction and development process meanwhile continuing to present the medical services. It is strongly recommended to introduce flexible structural module that can be reused in different activities. Also, isolation of patient’s spaces during construction becomes a mandatory manner. Moreover, it is advised to design an adaptable ventilation system which facilitates different sectors separation, either patient, medical stuff, or workers paths.
Towards a Model for the Assessment of Low-income Housing: A case study in Egypt
Authors: Mabrouk Hady Gamal , Elfiki Sherif , Fahmy Amgad
Published: August 2022

Egypt is currently witnessing an unprecedented development in the sector of low-income housing. So far, little research has investigated the extent to which such projects have contributed to the genuine satisfaction of the residents. Residential satisfaction (RS) describes the sense of fulfillment when someone has what he needs in a home. RS is a well-known criterion for planners, architects, experts, and decision-makers. Due to its remarkable significance, many models have been developed to assess RS in different places of the world. Residence is a highly complex concept with physical, psychological, and social implications. That is why it is believed that the particularity of every community shall prioritize the elements of RS in different ways. The present research is meant to develop an appropriate model for assessing residential satisfaction in low-income housing projects in Egypt. Towards this objective, the study undertakes an analytical review of previous RS models and examines them against the Egyptian context. The sought-after model shall address the characteristics of three primary domains: the residential unit, the neighborhood facilities, and the social environment. Accordingly, the outcome of this study provides an effective framework that can help developers and decision-makers to enhance their future housing schemes based on a more profound understanding of the individuality of the local context. Hence, contributing to the improvement of the built environment in Egypt.
Application of COVID-19 guidelines in workplace design
Authors: Elskalakany Salma M. , Tolba Osama , Fahmy Amgad
Published: August 2022

The spread of COVID-19 has been recorded as one of the most severe worldwide pandemics. Workplaces are a germicidal environment for spreading viruses due to their high occupation. As a response, international health, safety, and architectural organizations have published pandemic-related guidelines to create a safe working environment for the employees. Covid-19 has impacted reshaping the internal architectural workspace design. The research shall review the published international organizations’ guidelines on workspace design and its architectural interpretations established by international design companies, which seek to create safer designs for workplaces post-pandemic. This study is a concise review of the workplace-related guidelines and precautions published by health and safety and architectural organizations such as WHO, CDC, OSHA, ASHARE, AIA, AHIA, and ILO. Secondly, aggregate data has been developed to frame and compile the design interpretations of the published pandemic guidelines recognized by several international architecture and furniture companies which has been interpreted into architectural plans of the common spaces of the office buildings. As a result, a matrix table was created which includes the common spaces in office buildings and their post-COVID architectural solutions. This matrix shall be used as a tool to be employed as a guide for design consultants in designing healthy workplaces that are resilient to airborne pandemics, which shall benefit in revisiting the architectural standards according to the published workplaces Pandemic guidelines.
Causes Influencing Construction Waste Generation During the Design Process: An Analytical Study
Authors: Saad A S , Othman A A E , Alamoudy F O
Published: August 2022

Despite the social and economic contributions of the construction industry towards achieving sustainable development objectives, it has an adverse effect on the environment such as the generation of waste, water, and energy consumption. Construction waste (CW) is the loss of materials that are produced during or after the construction process and has no remaining value. Several countries promote waste elimination plans at early stages to reduce CW at its source. The Egyptian government is expanding its investments in new mega projects and infrastructure facilities like new administrative capital, bridges, roads, energy projects which resulted in increasing the rate and amount of generated CW. The literature review stated that 33% of CW generated in the primary design stage is the result of design flaws such as design errors and lack of waste management strategies used during the design process. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the factors influencing CW generation during the design process. To achieve this aim, the development of proper research methodology took place, where it consisted of qualitative analysis of previously published literature and examining case studies to accomplish two objectives. Firstly, an investigation of previous literature focused on studying the design process, CW, and the global and national waste management strategies. Secondly, three case studies were introduced and analysed to study the role of design out waste strategies towards reducing CW during the design process.
Effect of Bio-material in Thermal Insulation Case-Study: Energy Saving in Residential Building in Aswan City
Authors: Abd El-Hady R E , Zayan A A , Mohamed A F
Published: August 2022

The buildings industry represents about 34% of the total greenhouse gas emission percentage of the whole planet. Therefore, global warming is the main problem that countries are looking forward to finding a solution for by using a sustainable strategy to create new communities with zero carbon effects through decreased energy consumption and sustainable materials and design. One of the main reasons for the climate problem is that 64% more energy is used. The building material industry has a role in the rising energy and climate differences. Although increasing energy consumption depends on many reasons, one of the characteristics of building material used in the construction phase as fired clay brick is one of the significant construction industries. It produces a massive amount of greenhouse gases. On the other side, it will make these materials expensive and scarce in the long run, leading to substantial uncontrolled degradation of the natural environment. So, some different materials and forms of construction have developed in different parts of the world due to climatic differences to be commensurate with the surrounding climate environment.
The Impact of Street Trees on a Typical Urban Canyon in Eastern Cairo Region
Authors: Elbardisy W M , Salheen M A , Fahmy M
Published: August 2022

The trend of upgrading urban areas in Egypt is expanding across the region for better urban mobility patterns. Meanwhile, the concerns towards climate change and creating resilient communities are evolving to avoid the dramatic consequences on urban environments. Street trees offer great benefit in climate moderation, particularly in hot arid regions as in Cairo. In this work, different spatial arrangements and locations for evergreen, deciduous trees and palms at NW street canyon are tested using ENVI-met numerical simulation tool. It is aimed to maximize the cooling effect of tree shade on street facades and attain better pedestrian thermal comfort in peak summer times. This ultimately gives better guidance for urban planners and policymakers towards an improved planting design pattern. Comparing simulation results, it is concluded that evergreen trees located at the building edge can provide up to 6°C cooler walls and up to 3.8°C when placed at the building centre. Whilst other tree species have lower cooling effects. Also, these trees have a great role in attaining better thermal comfort levels for pedestrians at the street level. It is recommended to wisely choose suitable tree species and arrangements to maximize the cooling benefits in the urban environment.
A sustainable road safety approach for pedestrians in new cities of Egypt
Authors: Azouz Mona , Fahim Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Over the last decade, Egypt’s growing population and dynamic economy have resulted in a need for greater infrastructure development; consequently, the risk of pedestrians crossing at grade has increased tremendously. For reducing fatalities caused by the conflict between pedestrians crossing at grade and vehicles, pedestrian bridges have been established. Noting that these bridges which are dedicated to human safety are highly expensive, therefore without the fulfilment of conditions of safety, convenience and ease of accessibility they might be a wasted investment. In this respect, site visits and a SWOT analysis were conducted on three pedestrian bridges in New Cairo for monitoring and evaluating the impact of these interventions. The assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of these projects formed a base for upgrading and the development of new projects. Although, there are some attempts for using escalators for encouraging usability of pedestrian bridges, the research propose a national project using small solar PV systems for the operation of outdoor escalators in a more sustainable manner, which would in turn support the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This requires joining efforts of all relevant stakeholders in coordinated and rigorous action towards achieving road safety targets.
Integrated mapping of the earthquake-induced liquefaction in Wates Groundwater Basin, Kulon Progo for land use planning consideration: A preliminary study
Authors: Ilham Muhamad , Putra Doni Prakasa Eka
Published: August 2022

Since the development of New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA), land use planning and development in Wates Groundwater Basin, Kulon Progo, Indonesia, becoming more crucial. A regional-scaled study led by Buana et al. (2019) pointed out the area as moderate-high susceptibility to liquefaction. This study provides updated land-use conditions and a detailed liquefaction susceptibility map using Geographic Information System and Multi-Criteria Analysis (GIS-MCA) from the previous research data by Maulana (2017). The result shows that the south and east part of the basin is classified as very high susceptibility to liquefaction while the other part is low to moderate susceptibility class. This preliminary study suggests the best recommendation for geophysics and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data acquisition in further analysis.
Application of stone column method for liquefaction mitigation in Palu Bay area after the 2018 Palu earthquake
Authors: Patriaman Fahrizal , Fathani Teuku Faisal
Published: August 2022

On 28 September 2018, an earthquake occurred on the north-south Palu Koro shear fault, extending through Palu City and other cities in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. In addition to the tsunami, the event triggered liquefaction not only on the land but also in the coastal area. Thus, mitigation efforts to prevent potential disasters in Palu Bay coastal area are required. This research covered the Palu Bay coastal area, Central Sulawesi Province and conducted through the core drillings and Standard Penetration Tests on the area. Low liquefaction potential was achieved through soil improvement by applying stone column method based on the specified criteria. Mitigation effort on the liquefaction hazards comprised of stone column method which applied the Priebe’s calculation method. The mapping result indicated the need for stone columns with deeper and closer spacing distance on the western and southern areas than those in the eastern areas. Due to the wide variety of stone column designs resulted from the mitigation analysis, simplification stone column designs was made to facilitate the construction implementation.
Distribution, petrographic analysis, and preliminary source identification of Hindu-Buddhist artifacts in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark and surrounding areas, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Primizakaria J , Setiawan N I , Ansori C
Published: August 2022

Hindu-Buddhist artifacts (e.g., linga, yoni, statues, and craft objects such as pottery) were discovered in Karangsambung-Karangbolong National Geopark (KKNG) and surrounding areas, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. The information related to the distribution, composition, and source of the Hindu-Buddhist artifacts is essential to support the development and management of the KKNG, particularly on the relation of lithology units with cultural diversity. A geological field survey was conducted to produce a distribution map of the artifacts, then overlaid with the geological map of Banyumas and Kebumen sheets scale of 1:100,000. Totally of 10 Hindu-Buddhist artifacts were distributed in the research area, grouped into 3 areas, namely Karangbolong Hills, Kebumen, and southern Kebumen areas. Furthermore, 10 samples of artifacts were collected and petrographically analyzed to acquire their compositions and to determine their source identification. Based on their distribution and petrographical analyses, the artifacts were made of andesite (linga of Tugu, linga, and yoni of Sumberadi, tomb of Trasidi, Celeng Stone, yoni of Rowo), tuffaceous sandstone (tomb of Kuwu Panjer), and sandy micrite (Ganesha statue of Kejawang) sourced from Halang Formation. Meanwhile, andesite rocks used to construct the Kalbut Stone and linga of Pejarakan were sourced from Gabon Formation.
Geochemistry of arc alkaline magmatism of Java Island, Sunda Arc: a statistical review
Authors: Handini Esti , Wayan Warmada I , Hasenaka Toshiaki , Barber Nicholas D , Shibata Tomoyuki
Published: August 2022

Alkaline magmatism develops in the rear arc area of Java, Sunda Arc, at different range of slab depth; ~270-580 km in central section and ~150 km in the east. We collate published geochemical data of volcanic rocks from four alkaline volcanoes (Muria, Lasem, Bawean, and Ringgit-Beser) and perform statistical analysis to evaluate geochemical characteristics of each suite. A set of major and trace elements is scaled and transformed using principal component analysis (PCA) and then followed by implementation of k-means algorithm to cluster the data points based on Euclidian distances. K-means clustering of the dataset suggests that Central Java alkalines are most elevated in K2O and total alkali. The algorithm further suggests that Muria samples can be clustered into two, owing to these components. These two clusters, however, are not well reflected on trace element-based clustering. Lasem volcanics show distinct cluster high in Na2O/K2O and SiO2, while Bawean samples are mixed into both Muria clusters. Ringgit-Beser alkalines show two distinct clusters tied to MgO and enrichment in Ba, Rb, and Sr. Our findings suggest that the potassium and LILE enrichment in these alkaline rocks is independent of slab depth and is most likely regulated by tectonic-related arc segmentation in Java subduction zone.
Estimation of Volume and Column Height from Pumiceous Tephra-Fall Deposits of Mt. Raung, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyani S M , Wibowo H E , Moktikanana M L A , Fajarwati A , Kristianto
Published: August 2022

Pumiceous tephra-fall deposits observed mainly in the western flank of Mt. Raung are indicating past explosive eruption event. The volume and the eruption column height of the eruptive event is estimated using isopach and isopleth maps. These maps are constructed from seven observation points. The pumiceous tephra-fall deposits can be divided into 9 layers from bottom to top, White Pumice Fall 1–7, Yellow Pumice Fall, and Lithic-Rich Scoria Fall. These layers not separated by any soil or weathered layer indicates no significant time gap between them. Isopach and isopleth maps are generated from White Pumice Fall 6, Yellow Pumice Fall, and Lithic-Rich Scoria Fall considering the widespread distribution of these deposits. White Pumice Fall, Yellow Pumice Fall, and Lithic-Rich Scoria Fall are resulted from eruptive event with ~25–33 km, ~35 km, and ~29 km column height and 1.3 km3, 0.73 km3, and 0.32 km3 volume, respectively. Total volume of 2.35 km3 and the column height of 25-35 km suggest that Plinian eruption type of VEI 5 magnitude produces this pumiceous tephra-fall deposit sequence.
Grain size, mineralogical, and geochemistry of the 1996-2018 Volcanic Products of Anak Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Ardian D N , Darmawan H , Wahyudi  , Mutaqin B W , Suratman  , Haerani N , Wikanti
Published: August 2022

Anak Krakatau Volcano is the only active volcano on Krakatau Volcanic Complex. It is located in the Sunda Strait as part of the Quaternary volcanic arc as a result of the Indo-Australian plate subduction under the Eurasian plate. The volcanic activity of the Anak Krakatau volcano since 1927 is considered to be very active with a combination of explosive and effusive eruptions. Lava flow tends to be concentrated in the southwestern part, except for the 1996 lava flow (north) and 1993 lava flow (northeast). In 2018 there was an eruption accompanied by flank collapse on the southwestern side, caused by the accumulation of the instability volcanic body due to volcanic and tectonic activity. The volcanic activity will be reflected in the resulting deposits. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the deposits, especially on the northern part for post-1996. The analysis carried out included the stratigraphic columns, granulometric, petrography, and geochemistry analysis.
A Preliminary Volcanological Study of North Eastern Kaba Volcano, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya M E J , Setijadji L D
Published: August 2022

Mount Kaba is one of the active volcanoes located in the eastern part of Bengkulu Province. This research was conducted in Gunung Kaba Complex because the distribution location of the last eruption product is close to some monogenetic volcano and residential area. This is interesting to study considering because can be a potential threat of disaster. The results of this study are expected to support providing an overview of the potential threat of volcanic disasters in the Mount Kaba Complex. The research methods used include geomorphological, stratigraphic, petrographic, and geochemical analyses. The geomorphological unit of Mount Kaba consists of 6 units. The types of volcanic rocks in the research area are dominated by lava and pyroclastic rocks. Based on the petrographic analysis of 10 samples, the names of the rocks in the research area are basalt scoria, basalt, and andesite. Based on the geochemical analysis of 8 samples, it is known that silica content in the rocks ranging from 44.40925 - 63.2993 %. Based on the AFM diagram, all samples are included in the tholeiitic series. Based on the TAS (Total Alkali Silica) diagram, it is known that the igneous rocks of the study area consist of andesite, basalt, tephrite, and trachyandesite.
Identification of Seismic Response to Aquifer System with A Synthetic Modelling Approach
Authors: Udin Yana , Suryanto Wiwit
Published: August 2022

The microseismic method is relatively new in groundwater exploration, especially in Indonesia. This study will examine the response of microseismic to groundwater aquifer systems. This study aims to analyze the response of seismic waves and to interpret the seismic wave response characteristics to the aquifer system model. The modeling of the aquifer system was carried out using seismic stratigraphy data. This data was used as input data to model the exposed HVSR curve using the Microtrem program in MATLAB. The study of physical parameters and supporting parameters of the aquifer layer and the air contained in it was carried out to support this modeling. The aquifer system modeling was carried out with various parameters, including saturation, porosity, and thickness of the aquifer layer. Furthermore, an analysis of the model is carried out to determine the response characteristics of the aquifer system to microseismic waves. The results show that the frequency range as a marker of the presence of the aquifer ranges from 2-4 Hz, which is determined by parameters within a specific value.
Geochemistry and geochronology of intrusive units in the Suyoc epithermal deposit: Constraints on magma fertility in the Mankayan Mineral District, Philippines
Authors: Gabo-Ratio J A S , Jabagat K D , Soberano O B , Yonezu K , Lee Y H
Published: August 2022

The Mankayan Mineral District in northern Luzon, Philippines is host to world-class Cu-Au hydrothermal deposits such as the Far Southeast porphyry copper deposit and the Lepanto, Victoria, and Teresa epithermal deposits. It also hosts the Suyoc epithermal prospect in the southern portion of the district. This study focuses on the petrography, whole rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry and U-Pb dating of the three massive batholitic intrusive units (gabbro-diabase basement, tonalite-granodiorite, and hornblende quartz diorite) in Suyoc. U-Pb dating results reveal that the tonalite is Late Eocene in age (37.20 ± 4.70 Ma), while the hornblende quartz diorite was dated 3.18 ± 0.77 Ma (Middle Pliocene). The gabbro-diabase exhibits tholeiitic signature while the tonalite-granodiorite and hornblende quartz diorite are calc-alkaline. Trace element plots for the three host rocks indicate formation in a subduction setting. Furthermore, discrimination diagrams point to an adakitic character for the younger hornblende quartz diorite and typical arc rock signatures for the older gabbro and tonalite-granodiorite. The results indicate that hydrothermal mineralization is attributed to the hornblende quartz diorite, which coincides with the Pliocene mineralization recognized in the Mankayan Mineral District.
Band processing of Landsat 8-OLI multi-spectral images as a tool for delineating alteration zones associated with porphyry prospects: A case from Suyoc, Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Parcutela N.E. , Dimalanta C.B. , Armada L.T. , Austria R.S. , Gabo-Ratio J.A. , Yumul G.P.
Published: August 2022

The Mankayan Mineral District in Luzon is marked by several porphyry and epithermal mineralizations. The possibility of blind porphyry mineralization in Mangga, Basig, and Palidan was forwarded based on the results of recent ground magnetic surveys in Suyoc, Mankayan, Benguet. These areas exhibited the diagnostic magnetic anomaly patterns expected of porphyry copper deposits. This signature, a magnetic core surrounded by a non-magnetic rim, is due to the alteration haloes common to porphyry systems. The magnetic core corresponds to the potassic zone dominated by iron-oxide-bearing minerals (e.g., magnetite). Meanwhile, the abundance of non-magnetic clay minerals at the periphery of the mineralized region corresponds to propylitic-argillic alteration zones. Delineation of alteration zones using remote sensing was done to further support the suggested mineralization prospects. Mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) was carried out to reduce the effects of vegetation cover from Landsat 8 data. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was applied to generate bands exploiting the greatest difference between the clay and magnetite alterations with background earth materials. A classified composite map depicts the altered regions. The three sites previously identified from magnetic anomalies also display the expected alterations. Another prospect in the Lapangan area is being proposed based on magnetic anomalies and mapped alterations.
Screening criteria of underground coal gasification (UCG): a case study from Mangunjaya Area, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Anggara F , Riasetiawan M , Assamarqandi F R , Sartika B F , Rizaldi I J , Syahra V , Ibrahim M A , Rahmat S B
Published: August 2022

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a technology that can increase the value of coal. This technology turns coal into gas below the surface through the gasification process. UCG offers many applications for power generation, heating, and the chemical industry. The Mangunjaya area is one prospecting area, located in the South Sumatra Basin, which has been actively producing coal for a long time. This study focused on determining the potential location of UCG in Mangunjaya. Screening criteria were extracted from previous studies including coal thickness, depth of the coal seam, depth and thickness ratio, coal rank, the dip of a coal seam, roof and floor rock type and thickness, and geological structure. Thirteen boreholes were examined to determine their potential, namely MJ1 to MJ13. The evaluation results show that the Mangus coal seam at a depth of 260,4 meters in the MJ2 borehole and the surrounding area in 15 km2, matches the criteria and has the most potential coal for UCG development.
Heat flow and gravity anomalies in some presumed hidden geothermal prospects in Java
Authors: Maghfira P D , Utami P , Niasari S W
Published: August 2022

The currently developed geothermal fields in Java are hosted by Quaternary volcanic complexes in the central zone of the island. Those fields have many vigorous thermal manifestations. However, seismic tomography shows the presence of an east-west-trending, low P-wave velocity (Vp) zones along the island. This indicates the presence of some hot, molten mass at depth, and provides the possibility of the existence of subsurface heat energy resource that can be utilized despite the rarity of surface manifestations. We investigate the heat flow and gravity anomalies in the areas lacking thermal manifestations, namely Paguyangan, Candi Umbul-Telomoyo, Pablengan, and Parang Wedang. The first three are associated with Slamet, Telomoyo, and Lawu volcanoes, respectively. Parang Wedang is far from the active Merapi volcano, but close to the Opak Fault – one of the major strike-slip faults of Java. This research is a preliminary effort in exploring those presumed hidden geothermal prospects. The results shows that all the investigated areas have high heat flow anomaly (145 – 160 mW/m2). Their gravity anomaly varies. The highest (>70 mGal) and medium values (12 - 24 mGal) are found in Pablengan, and Candi Umbul-Telomoyo, respectively. The lowest values (< 5 mGal) occur in Parang Wedang.
Soil expansion acting within geosynthetic-reinforced embankment over sinkhole
Authors: Pham M T , Nguyen D T
Published: August 2022

The appearance of sinkholes which may not be accurately observed is one of the main problems that caused the stability of construction. Among geotechnical solutions, the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment has been commonly applied due to a variety of benefits. Numerous studies have recently improved the knowledge of the complicated mechanisms acting inside the reinforcement system once a cavity appears. Many present design methods have been established to propose the necessary parameters to apply the technic to potential areas that are prone to subsidence. However, there are many calculated hypotheses based on simple assumptions that may cause the actual effect of the design including the soil expansion inside the embankment. A numerical model has been developed in the present study by using the finite element method and the soil expansion is the main objective to investigate. Considering the deformation, axial forces, and stress applied to the geosynthetics, the expansion factor is determined by two methods and it is confirmed not to be a global and uniform phenomenon.