bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection by Porous Silver Supraparticles from Self–Lubricating Drop Evaporation
Authors: Dabodiya Tulsi Satyavir , Sontti Somasekhara Goud , Wei Zixiang , Lu Qiuyun , Billet Romain , Murugan Arumugam Vadivel , Zhang Xuehua
Published: October 2022

This work demonstrates an original and ultrasensitive approach for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection based on evaporation of self‐lubricating drops containing silver supraparticles. The developed method detects an extremely low concentration of analyte that is enriched and concentrated on sensitive SERS sites of the compact supraparticles formed from drop evaporation. A low limit of detection of 10−16 m is achieved for a model hydrophobic compound rhodamine 6G (R6G). The quantitative analysis of R6G concentration is obtained from 10−5 to 10−11 m. In addition, for a model micro‐pollutant in water triclosan, the detection limit of 10−6 m is achieved by using microliter sample solutions. The intensity of SERS detection in this approach is robust to the dispersity of the nanoparticles in the drop but became stronger after a longer drying time. The ultrasensitive detection mechanism is the sequential process of concentration, extraction, and absorption of the analyte during evaporation of self‐lubrication drop and hot spot generation for intensification of SERS signals. This novel approach for sample preparation in ultrasensitive SERS detection can be applied to the detection of chemical and biological signatures in areas such as environment monitoring, food safety, and biomedical diagnostics.
Π‐Electron‐Extended Porphyrin‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework for a Q‐Switched All‐Solid‐State Laser
Authors: Chen Kuan-Ying , Wang Hsuan-Sen , Su Shih-Po , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Lee Chao-Kuei , EL-Mahdy Ahmed F. M.
Published: October 2022

Herein, a new π‐electron‐delocalized building block (ProPh‐4CHO) is reported for the construction of a π‐electron‐extended porphyrin/pyrene‐linked covalent organic framework (ProPh‐PyTA‐COF) for use as a saturable absorber (SA) in a Q‐switched all‐solid‐state laser. Employing a mode‐locked fiber laser operated with 130‐fs pulses at 1030 nm and a repetition rate of 28 MHz, ProPh‐PyTA‐COF exhibits remarkable optical nonlinear absorptions: two saturable absorptions with saturation intensities of 92 MW cm−2 and 1 kW cm−2. This material is used to fabricate the first pulsed Q‐switched all‐solid‐state laser incorporating a COF as an absorber. The laser incorporating this COF‐SA exhibited a pump power of 6.5 W with a pulse duration of 1.2 μs, corresponding to a pulse repetition rate of 94.4 kHz. This study not only reveals the possibility of using saturation absorption to pulse a solid‐state laser but also opens up a new path toward optical nonlinearity through the engineering of π‐bond delocalization.
K3PO4‐Promoted Cycloannulation of (E)‐β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones with ortho‐Hydroxy‐Chalcones/Cinnamates for the Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted 4H‐Benzopyran Derivatives
Authors: Jannapu Reddy Raju , Jagadesh Kumar Jangam , Rama Krishna Gamidi
Published: October 2022

K3PO4‐mediated cycloannulation of (E)‐β‐iodovinyl sulfones with ortho‐hydroxy chalcones/ortho‐hydroxy cinnamates has been realized to access 2,3,4‐trisubstituted‐4H‐benzopyran derivatives. A metal‐free tandem oxa‐Michael addition and cycloannulation allows the diversity‐oriented synthesis of the corresponding 3‐sulfonyl‐4H‐benzopyrans in good to high yields. More importantly, one‐pot three‐component reaction between (E)‐β‐iodovinyl sulfones, 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes, and phosphonium ylides has been established for the synthesis of 4H‐chromene derivatives in moderate to good yields. Notably, this metal‐free process features a broad substrate scope and easy elaboration into numerous multifaceted chromene products, including bioactive estrone‐derivative. The present protocol is sustainable at the gram scale reactions, and post‐synthetic applications were also demonstrated. A plausible mechanism is also presented on the basis of existing experimental results.

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Clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable colorectal liver metastasis with intermediate risk of postoperative recurrence: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Noda Takehiro , Takahashi Hidekazu , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Nishida Naohiro , Hata Taishi , Takeda Yutaka , Ohue Masayuki , Wada Hiroshi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Asaoka Tadafumi , Uemura Mamoru , Kobayashi Shogo , Murata Kohei , Satoh Taroh , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi ,   the Clinical Study Group of Osaka University (CSGO), Colorectal Group, and Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Group
Published: October 2022

Aims

Risk‐scoring systems for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) after hepatectomy allow prognoses to be predicted preoperatively. We investigated the clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable CRLM according to patient risk status, aiming to determine the subgroup of patients who could benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

In this multi‐institutional retrospective analysis, the preoperative risk score was calculated from six previously reported factors: synchronous metastases, primary lymph node positivity, tumor number, largest tumor diameter, extrahepatic metastasis, and the preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19–9 level. Patients were divided into three groups according to their risk scores: low risk (score = 0), intermediate risk (score 1–10), and high risk (score ≥11). Overall and recurrence‐free survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. After propensity‐score matching in the intermediate‐risk group, we compared clinicopathological features and outcomes.

Results

There were 318 cases, from 20 institutions. The preoperative risk score could be calculated in 277 cases. There were 34, 192, and 51 patients in the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively. Intermediate‐risk group patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had significantly better recurrence‐free survival than that of patients without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = .0453). After propensity‐score matching in the intermediate‐risk group, the recurrence‐free survival rate was better in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = .0261). But the overall survival rate was not improved after the matching.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable CRLM might prolong the recurrence‐free survival period for intermediate‐risk patients with preoperative risk scores in the range of 1–10, but the overall survival was not improved by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
A modified electrolyte non‐random two‐liquid model with analytical expression for excess enthalpy: Application to theMEA‐H2O‐CO2system
Authors: Akula Paul , Lee Andrew , Eslick John , Bhattacharyya Debangsu , Miller David C.
Published: October 2022

Accurate thermodynamic properties of electrolyte systems are critical for the design and operation of many chemical processes. A comprehensive description of the thermodynamic framework for multielectrolyte mixed solvent systems is presented, where the parameter structure of the symmetric electrolyte‐non‐random two liquid (e‐NRTL) model is reformulated and a thermodynamically consistent and analytically derived formulation for the excess enthalpy is developed from the e‐NRTL model. The refined parameter structure of the e‐NRTL model avoids numerical singularities of the analytical formulation for the excess enthalpy in the absence of ionic species and extends the derived excess enthalpy formulation to non‐electrolyte systems. The thermodynamic framework is demonstrated for the MEA‐H2O‐CO2case study using experimental data on thermodynamic quantities for the binary MEA‐H2O system and the ternary MEA‐H2O‐CO2system. The model is implemented in Pyomo and will be available for release in the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) computational platform.
Prediction of testicular atrophy based on sonographic findings immediately after successful manual detorsion
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Urushibara Aiko , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Ohashi Kensuke , Kawashima Hiroshi , Oguma Eiji
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To investigate and determine the sonographic findings obtained from manually distorted testes to predict testicular atrophy following manual detorsion.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐two patients who had been diagnosed with testicular torsion and undergone manual detorsion were included. These patients were classified according to the presence or absence of testicular atrophy. The duration of symptoms, presence or absence of hyperperfusion within the entire affected testis, and echogenicity (homogeneous or heterogeneous) within the affected testis were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.

Results

Testicular atrophy was detected in seven patients. There was a significant difference in the frequency of hyperperfusion within the entire affected testis (with atrophy [present/absent] vs. without atrophy [present/absent] = 0/7 vs. 8/7, P = 0.023) between patients with and without testicular atrophy. No significant differences in the duration of symptoms (with atrophy vs. without atrophy = 7 ± 3.3 h vs. 4.7 ± 3.6 h, P = 0.075) or frequency of echogenicity within the testis (with atrophy [heterogeneous/homogeneous] vs. without atrophy [heterogeneous/homogeneous] = 2/5 vs. 2/13, P = 0.565) were observed between the groups.

Conclusions

This small cohort study suggests that the presence of hyperperfusion within the entire affected testis immediately after successful manual detorsion is useful in predicting the avoidance of testicular atrophy.
Comparison of the efficacy of continuous intravenous infusion versus intramuscular injection of epinephrine for initial anaphylaxis treatment
Authors: Fujizuka Kenji , Nakamura Mitsunobu , Tamura Junichi , Kawai‐Kowase Keiko
Published: October 2022

Aim

Continuous intravenous (CIV) infusion of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis may be required if symptoms do not improve after intramuscular (IM) injection. As CIV infusion permits precise dose adjustment, we compared treatment course and adverse events following CIV infusion and IM injection of epinephrine for the management of anaphylaxis.

Methods

Medical records of patients, who were treated for anaphylaxis with epinephrine, were 18 years or older, and were admitted to our department from April 2005 to March 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. The cases were categorized as CIV infusion or IM injection, and treatment course and outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

Of the 142 eligible cases, there were 78 in the CIV infusion group and 64 in the IM injection group. The CIV infusion group had lower systolic blood pressure, more respiratory symptoms, and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, but required a lower total dose of epinephrine, had fewer adverse events after epinephrine administration, and showed lower incidence of biphasic reactions. In addition, compared with the IM injection group, time to administration of epinephrine was significantly longer (P < 0.001), but time to resolution of symptoms, both from contact and epinephrine administration, was significantly shorter (P < 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion

Continuous intravenous infusion of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis may be safe, has fewer adverse events, improves symptoms, and is relatively easy to administer under ready conditions. CIV infusion of epinephrine may also reduce the incidence of biphasic reactions.
(Salen)Titanium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogen Atom Transfer for Epoxides Reduction
Authors: Xu Zhongyun , Shen Jian , Li Longfei , Chen Wanjiao , Li Shengxiao , Jiang Jie , Zhang Yong‐Qiang
Published: October 2022

Asymmetric hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) represents arguably one of the most straightforward access to the significant chiral tertiary carbon centers, however, remains a long‐standing challenge. Herein, the first example of catalytic coordination‐induced asymmetric HAT reaction has been developed relying on a sequential (salen)TiIII‐initiated radical generation and (salen)TiIV‐controlled enantioselective HAT process. The reaction transforms easily accessible glycidic esters, thioesters and amides to synthetically valuable formal formaldehyde aldol adducts in an enantioconvergent manner, along with broad scope and highly regio‐ and enantioselectivities.
Study on the high‐temperature damping properties of silicone rubber modified by boron‐terminated polysiloxane
Authors: Cui Hongwei , Jing Qian , Li Dongwei , Zhuang Tingting , Gao Yixing , Ran Xianghai
Published: October 2022

Rubber damping materials have important applications in modern industrial systems. However, their damping temperature range is low, which is not suitable for the damping demand under high temperature conditions. At present, there is very little research on the damping performance of rubber under high temperature conditions. Silicone rubber has excellent high temperature resistance but poor damping in its application temperature range. In this study, a boron‐terminated polysiloxane (PBS) was prepared by modifying hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS‐OH) with boric acid (BA). The molecular structure of PBS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. Rheology measurements revealed that PBS was a “shear hardening” material. Then, the silicone rubber was modified with PBS. With the introduction of boron atoms, boron and oxygen dative bonds with dynamic properties could be formed inside the silicone rubber, which played an energy dissipation role in the process of association/dissociation. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the loss factor (tan δ) of modified silicone rubber was greater than 0.3 in the temperature range of 81.5°C–250°C, which was higher than the loss temperature range of conventional damping rubber. The cyclic stress–strain test also showed that the modified silicone rubber still had high dissipation coefficient (DE) at high temperature. Therefore, the PBS‐modified silicone rubber prepared by this method achieved excellent damping performance under high temperature conditions.
Development and validation of an LC–MS/MS method for detection of glycyrol in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Cheng Lei , Deng Yan , An Liqun , Zhang Yan , Liu Hong , Wu Xinyu , Wang Tingting , Yang Xixiao , Ye Linhu
Published: October 2022

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is one of the most popular edible and medicinal plants and is widely used in Asia. Glycyrol (GC) is a major coumarin present in licorice that exhibits various biological activities. We aimed to develop a highly sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination analysis of GC in rat plasma. GC showed linear calibration ranges of 1–100 and 50–2,000 ng/ml with correlation coefficients >0.99. The average extraction recovery ranged from 113.26 to 114.84%, and the relative standard deviation of internal standard normalized matrix factors ranged from 6.36 to 9.46%. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions of GC were <15%, and the accuracy ranged from 95.31 to 112.72%. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that GC was distributed in the body with a volume of distribution of 9.06 L/kg, and the initial plasma concentration was 3275.11 ng/ml. The area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve was 479.25 ng h/ml. It was rapidly eliminated with a terminal elimination half‐life of 1.47 h and a clearance rate of 4.24 L/h/kg. The pharmacokinetic results can help us to better understand the pharmacological effects of GC in the body.
Theranostic mesoporous platinum nanoplatform delivers halofuginone to remodel extracellular matrix of breast cancer without systematic toxicity
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xu Ziqing , Li Yang , Hu Yongzhi , Tang Jiajia , Xu Jiaqi , Luo Yafei , Wu Feiyun , Sun Xiaolian , Tang Yuxia , Wang Shouju
Published: October 2022

The enriched collagens in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of breast cancer substantially impede drug delivery. Halofuginone (HF), a potent antifibrotic agent, was effective to deplete the collagens and remodel the ECM by inhibiting the TGFβ pathway. However, the application of HF was hindered by its strong liver toxicity. Herein, mesoporous platinum (mPt) nanoparticles were constructed to load HF as theranostic nanoplatforms. mPt had a uniform spherical structure with a diameter of 79.83 ± 6.97 nm and an average pore diameter of 20 nm and exhibited good photothermal conversion efficiency of 62.4%. The obtained HF‐loaded nanoplatform (PEG@mPt‐HF) showed enhanced cytotoxicity through the combination of photothermal therapy and the anti‐TGFβ effect induced by HF. The animal imaging and histochemical assays confirmed the PEG@mPt‐HF could efficiently deliver HF to tumors (monitored by CT) and remodel the ECM by TGFβ pathway inhibition, which resulted in increased anti‐cancer efficacy. Importantly, the liver toxicity observed in HF‐treated mice was negligible in those treated by PEG@mPt‐HF. Overall, this study designed a theranostic nanoplatform to remodel the ECM with remarkably reduced systematic toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy through combination treatment.
Brothers and sisters of childhood acute leukemia survivors: Their long‐term quality of life and its determinants
Authors: Faust Cindy , Auquier Pascal , Hamidou Zeinab , Bertrand Yves , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Ansoborlo Sophie , Baruchel André , Gandemer Virginie , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Chastagner Pascal , Kanold Justyna , Poirée Maryline , Sirvent Nicolas , Plat Geneviève , Pellier Isabelle , Michel Gérard , Berbis Julie
Published: October 2022

Background

Childhood cancer confront the whole family with a traumatic event. Because brothers and sisters may encounter emotional problems that can remain for a long time and that only few studies have assessed their long‐term outcome, our present objectives were to describe the long‐term quality of life (QoL) of childhood leukemia survivors' siblings and to explore its determinant.

Methods

Brothers and sisters (from 8‐year‐old) of survivors included in the French LEA Cohort completed a QoL questionnaire (according to their age). Scores were compared with those reported by age‐ and gender‐matched French general population and by survivors. Using a clustering method, siblings were categorized into 3 groups depending on their level of QoL's scores and factors likely to be linked with these clusters were explored with multivariate analyses.

Results

We included 689 brothers and sisters (313 minors, 376 adults) and the mean time from diagnosis was 13.2 ± 6.6 years. Minor siblings reported higher QoL scores than general population (p < 0.001), but a lower score for relationship with family than survivors (p < 0.001). In adult siblings, Mental Component Summary score was lower than general population (p < 0.001). Level of siblings' QoL was linked with female gender, but no association was found with cancer‐related factors.

Conclusion

Brothers and sisters expressed a divergent perception of their long‐term QoL depending on their age. To minimize the impact from childhood to adulthood, long‐term attention should also be paid to siblings, often referred as “forgotten children”.
Cotrimoxazole‐induced hyperkalemia in renal transplant patient—Case report
Authors: Srikaram Prakhyath , Siddiqui Amna , Gul Fahad , Deuja Puja , Fatima Nabeela
Published: October 2022

We present the case of a 55‐year‐old male patient who developed hyperkalemia after using Cotrimoxazole (TMP‐SMX). There was a marked increase in potassium levels from 3.3 mEq/L on Day 5 when cotrimoxazole was started to 6.2 mEq/L on Day 11 when the drug was withheld.
Efficient Base‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Tertiary Amides to Aldehydes
Authors: Clarke Joshua A. , Nikonov Georgii I.
Published: October 2022

A chemoselective catalytic reduction of tertiary amides to aldehydes is reported. The catalytic system KOtBu/(EtO)2MeSiH has been found to be highly active in the conversion of tertiary amides to silylated hemiaminals, which after acidic work‐up yields the respective aldehydes under mild conditions. The use of amides containing α‐protons in this catalytic reaction resulted in elimination to furnish enamines characterized by 1H‐NMR. This mild and selective process is compatible with nitriles, ethers, amines, and heterocyclic functionalities. However, competition experiments revealed poor tolerance for easily reducible functional groups, such as esters, ketones, and aldehydes. This transition metal‐free strategy presents a cheap and readily available process for the efficient reduction of tertiary amides to the corresponding aldehydes.
A Moisture‐Induced Electric Generator with High Output Voltage for Self‐Powered Wearable Electronics
Authors: Dinh Trung Vuong , Chen Si , Xia Hong , Natsuki Toshiaki , Ni Qing‐Qing
Published: October 2022

Harnessing energy from ubiquitous moisture is of intense interest because of its considerable potential in self‐powered wearable electronics. However, most existing moisture‐electric generators (MEGs) have poor output voltage, which limits their application possibility. Herein, a novel moisture‐induced electric generator (MIEG) is successfully fabricated with highly‐efficient electric generation by simply bridging a graphene oxide (GO) film and a bilayer graphene oxide/graphite (GOGH) composite film by a polyvinyl alcohol‐phosphoric acid electrolyte gel. The GO film can effectively boost conductive ion diffusion in the electrolyte channel under moisture adsorption while the bilayer GOGH film enhances a potential between two electrodes and output results based on its hydrophilic GO layer and good conductive graphite layer. These availabilities result in an elevated voltage of 1.1 V and a high current of 25.4 μA (254 μA.cm−2), among the high‐level reported outputs. More excitingly, the device also extends without limit by integrating the MIEG cells into a series or parallel topology. As a breakthrough, MIEG is successfully used as a self‐powered wearable device by finger‐surface contact, proximity‐sensitive touchpads, and a human‐breathing transducer. This work not only opens a new futuristic clean power generation in moisture energy harvesting but also facilitates the development of new innovative, flexible electronics.
Solar‐Driven Catalytic Urea Oxidation for Environmental Remediation and Energy Recovery
Authors: Sun Wenbo , Zhang Meng , Li Jianan , Peng Chong
Published: October 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Chong Peng at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The image shows how the solar‐driven catalytic urea conversion interconnects with the sustainable development of energy and environment. The Review itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201263.
Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling by Thermoplastic Polyurethane Wrapping Films with Controlled Hierarchical Porous Structures
Authors: Park Choyeon , Park Chanil , Park Sungmin , Lee Jaeho , Choi Jae‐Hak , Kim Yong Seok , Yoo Youngjae
Published: October 2022

Current research has focused on effective solutions to mitigate global warming and the accelerating greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to most cooling methods requiring energy and resources, passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology offers excellent energy savings as it requires no energy consumption. However, existing PDRC materials encounter unprecedented problems such as complex structures, low flexibility, and performance degradation after stretching. Thus, this study reports a porous structured thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with bimodal pores to produce high‐efficiency PDRC with efficient solar scattering using a simple process. The TPU film exhibited an adequately high solar reflectivity of 0.93 and an emissivity of 0.90 in the atmospheric window to achieve an ambient cooling of 5.6 °C at midday under a solar intensity of 800 W m−2. Thus, the highly elastic and flexible TPU film was extremely suitable for application on objects with complex shapes. The radiative cooling performance of 3D‐printed models covered with these TPU films demonstrated their superior indoor cooling efficiency compared to commercial white paint (8.76 °C). Thus, the proposed design of high‐efficiency PDRC materials is applicable in various urban infrastructural objects such as buildings and vehicles.
Classification of peripheral blood neutrophils using deep learning
Authors: Tseng Tser‐Rei , Huang Hsuan‐Ming
Published: October 2022

Deep learning has been used to classify the while blood cells in peripheral blood smears. However, the classification of developing neutrophils is rarely studied. Moreover, it is still unknown whether deep learning can work well on the data coming from different sources. In this study, we therefore investigate the classification performance of deep learning for immature and mature neutrophils. In particular, we used three open‐access datasets obtained from different imaging systems: CellaVision DM 96, CellaVision DM 100, and iCELL ME‐150. A total of 26,050 images identified by one laboratory technologist were randomly split into training, validation, and testing datasets. A total of 10 convolutional neural networks were trained to classify six blood cell types: myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, banded neutrophil, and segmented neutrophil. The experimental results showed that compared to any single model, the average ensemble model could achieve a better classification performance and provide a testing accuracy of 90.1%. The sensitivity and specificity of the average ensemble model for the six blood cell types were above 83.5% and 96.9%, respectively. Our results suggest that deep learning is a promising tool for the classification of developing neutrophils, but further improvement is required.
Three‐ and five‐year follow‐up results of a randomized controlled trial on the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy before bariatric surgery
Authors: Paul Linda , van der Heiden Colin , van Hoeken Daphne , Deen Mathijs , Vlijm Ashley , Klaassen René , Biter L. Ulas , Hoek Hans W.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Up to 37% of bariatric surgery patients suffer from insufficient weight loss or weight regain and mental health symptoms in the longer term. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be an effective adjunct intervention to optimize patients' psychological functioning and weight loss results. To examine the value of adding preoperative CBT to bariatric surgery, three‐ and five‐year follow‐up data are presented.

Method

In this multi‐center randomized controlled trial (RCT; N = 130), a CBT group was compared to a treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) control group. Measurements were conducted at five time points: pretreatment (T0) and posttreatment/presurgery (T1) and at one‐ (T2; N = 120), three‐ (T3; N = 117), and five‐year postsurgery (T4; N = 115). The intervention group received a 10‐weeks, individual, preoperative CBT focused on self‐monitoring, identifying triggers for disordered eating and goal setting for eating behavior and physical exercise, as well as postoperative lifestyle. Outcome measures included weight change, eating behavior, eating disorders, depression, quality of life (QoL), and overall psychological health.

Results

Preoperative CBT was not associated with better three‐ and five‐year results than TAU regarding weight, dysfunctional eating behaviors, eating disorders, depression, overall psychological health, and QoL.

Discussion

Contrary to our hypothesis, three‐ and five‐year postsurgery differences between groups regarding weight change and mental health were not significant.. Further exploration suggested that in both groups weight problems and depressive symptoms worsened at three and five‐year follow‐up. Future research should focus on long‐term postoperative monitoring of weight and mood and on associated postoperative interventions and their specific timing.

Public Significance

After bariatric surgery, in the longer term weight problems re‐occur in 30% of patients, which is probably partly related to psychopathology. We investigated whether cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) prior to bariatric surgery improved weight maintenance and mental health after surgery. Our study provided definite proof that preoperative CBT is not effective. Long‐term postoperative monitoring and prompt psychological intervention after first signs of deterioration, are important to prevent further problems.
Women's body dissatisfaction, physical appearance comparisons, and Instagram use throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Authors: Vall‐Roqué Helena , Andrés Ana , González‐Pacheco Himar , Saldaña Carmina
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to determine the evolution of Instagram use, body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons throughout the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, and to explore whether there was a relationship between the changes in Instagram use throughout the pandemic and body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons.

Method

A total of 272 Spanish women (16–70 years old) were followed‐up across four waves of assessment between November 2019 (before the pandemic started) and July 2021. Body dissatisfaction, social appearance comparisons, and Instagram use were assessed using the Eating Disorders Inventory‐3, the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale‐Revised, and an ad hoc questionnaire for Instagram use, respectively.

Results

No statistically significant changes were found in the frequency of Instagram use, nor on the proportion of women following appearance‐focused accounts on Instagram, among the data collection periods. Body dissatisfaction significantly increased from T1 to T4, and physical appearance comparisons significantly increased from T1 to T2, T3, and T4. These increases were not found to be significant for those with eating disorder risk. No significant differences were found in body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons depending on whether participants' frequency of Instagram use had changed or remained the same, or whether they had started/stopped/continued following appearance‐focused accounts on Instagram during the pandemic.

Discussion

Women's body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons seem to have increased throughout the pandemic. The experiences of individuals with eating disorder risk throughout the pandemic, and the relationship between the pandemic and Instagram use, might be complex and need further research.

Public Significance

This study suggests that women's body dissatisfaction and physical appearance comparisons have increased throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, this increase might not be as clear for those who had eating disorder risk before the pandemic. Instagram frequency of use, and the percentage of women following appearance‐focused accounts on Instagram, do not seem to have significantly increased. More research is needed to explore the impact of the pandemic.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights from bioinformatics
Authors: Wang Anzhu , Li Zhendong , Sun Zhuo , Wang Yifei , Fu Shuangqing , Zhang Dawu , Ma Xiaochang
Published: October 2022

Aims

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are related conditions with an increasing incidence. The mechanism of their relationship remains undefined. Here, we aimed to explore the potential mechanisms, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic options for HFpEF and NAFLD.

Methods and results

HFpEF and NAFLD datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened for functional annotation. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed based on the STRING database, and hub genes were analysed using GeneMANIA annotation. ImmuCellAI (Immune Cell Abundance Identifier) was employed for analysis of immune infiltration. We also used validation datasets to validate the expression levels of hub genes and the correlation of immune cells. To screen for diagnostic biomarkers, we employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and support vector machine‐recursive feature elimination. Drug signature database was used to predict potential therapeutic drugs. Our analyses identified a total of 33 DEGs. Inflammation and immune infiltration played important roles in the development of both diseases. The data showed a close relationship between chemokine signalling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, calcium signalling pathway, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, osteoclast differentiation, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐protein kinase G signalling pathway. We demonstrated that PRF1 (perforin 1) and IL2RB (interleukin‐2 receptor subunit beta) proteins were perturbed by the diseases and may be the hub genes. The analysis showed that miR‐375 may be a potential diagnostic marker for both diseases. Our drug prediction analysis showed that bosentan, eldecalcitol, ramipril, and probucol could be potential therapeutic options for the diseases.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed common pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic agents for HFpEF and NAFLD. There is need for further experimental studies to validate our findings.
Optimal Sizing of Combined Stationary Solid Oxide Fuel Cell‐Based Polygeneration System and Electric Vehicle Charging Considering Multi‐Criteria Decisions
Authors: Ramadhani Farah , Hussain Mohd Azlan , Mokhlis Hazlie , Erixno Oon
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on designing an optimum polygeneration system for residential homes employing solid oxide fuel cells as the prime mover. Optimization of system components is conducted through multi‐objective and multi‐criteria combined with decision‐making to define the priority of each criterion used. Genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques are applied to find the optimum capacity and analytic hierarchy process as the decision‐making method. Based on the results, the combination of GA and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) gets the best non‐dominated solution among the ten solutions generated, superior in power loss and energy cost criteria. The preference design of “energy loss‐energy cost” gets the highest priority rank of 0.188 with an efficiency of 0.797, primary energy saving of 0.651, CS of 0.424, carbon dioxide reduction of 0.626, and loss probability of 0.153. The optimum polygeneration system has higher primary energy‐saving, CS, and carbon dioxide reduction by about 81.29%, 54%, and 99%, respectively, compared to the unoptimized systems.
Exploring the Potential of Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Separation of Blends of Fluorinated Gases with High Global Warming Potential
Authors: Sosa Julio E. , Malheiro Carine , Castro Paulo J. , Ribeiro Rui P. P. L. , Piñeiro Manuel M. , Plantier Frédéric , Mota José P. B. , Araújo João M. M. , Pereiro Ana B.
Published: October 2022

The research on porous materials for the selective capture of fluorinated gases (F‐gases) is key to reduce their emissions. Here, the adsorption of difluoromethane (R‐32), pentafluoroethane (R‐125), and 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R‐134a) is studied in four metal–organic frameworks (MOFs: Cu‐benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8, MOF‐177, and MIL‐53(Al)) and in one zeolite (ZSM‐5) with the aim to develop technologies for the efficient capture and separation of high global warming potential blends containing these gases. Single‐component sorption equilibria of the pure gases are measured at three temperatures (283.15, 303.15, and 323.15 K) by gravimetry and correlated using the Tóth and Virial adsorption models, and selectivities toward R‐410A and R‐407F are determined by ideal adsorption solution theory. While at lower pressures, R‐125 and R‐134a are preferentially adsorbed in all materials, at higher pressures there is no selectivity, or it is shifted toward the adsorption R‐32. Furthermore, at high pressures, MOF‐177 shows the highest adsorption capacity for the three F‐gases. The results presented here show that the utilization of MOFs, as tailored made materials, is promising for the development of new approaches for the selective capture of F‐gases and for the separation of blends of these gases, which are used in commercial refrigeration.
Effect of Climate on Photovoltaic Yield Prediction Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Alcañiz Alba , Lindfors Anders V. , Zeman Miro , Ziar Hesan , Isabella Olindo
Published: October 2022

Machine learning is arising as a major solution for the photovoltaic (PV) power prediction. Despite the abundant literature, the effect of climate on yield predictions using machine learning is unknown. This work aims to find climatic trends by predicting the power of 48 PV systems around the world, equally divided into four climates. An extensive data gathering process is performed and open‐data sources are prioritized. A websitewww.tudelft.nl/open-source-pv-power-databaseshas been created with all found open data sources for future research. Five machine learning algorithms and a baseline one have been trained for each PV system. Results show that the performance ranking of the algorithms is independent of climate. Systems in dry climates depict on average the lowest Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) of 47.6 %, while those in tropical present the highest of 60.2 %. In mild and continental climates the NRMSE is 51.6 % and 54.5 %, respectively. When using a model trained in one climate to predict the power of a system located in another climate, on average systems located in cold climates show a lower generalization error, with an additional NRMSE as low as 5.6 % depending on the climate of the test set. Robustness evaluations  were also conducted that increase the validity of the results.
Health profiles of older nursing home residents by suicidal ideation: A latent class analysis
Authors: Yuan Yiyang , Barooah Adrita , Lapane Kate L. , Mack Deborah , Rothschild Anthony J. , Ulbricht Christine M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Identify the health profiles of older nursing home residents with and without at‐admission self‐reported suicidal ideation (SI) and examine the association between the identified profiles and self‐reported SI at 90 days.

Methods

Using the Minimum Data Set 3.0 and the ninth Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) item, we identified 15,277 older residents with and 562,184 without self‐reported SI at nursing home admission. Latent class analysis, using frailty, cognitive impairment, palliative care index, pain, and remaining PHQ‐9 items as indicators, identified health profiles by at‐admission SI and the BCH method estimated their association with SI at 90 days.

Results

Profiles identified for residents without at‐admission SI were: (1) frail and depressedNoSI (prevalence: 33.9%); (2) frail and severe cognitive impairmentNoSI (38.1%); (3) pre‐frailNoSI (28.0%). Residents in the frail and depressedNoSI group had greater odds [adjusted OR: 2.80; 95% Confidence Interval: 2.60–3.00] while those in the frail and severe cognitive impairmentNoSI group had lower odds [aOR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71–0.86] of 90‐day SI than those in the pre‐frailNoSI group. Profiles identified for residents with at‐admission SI were: (1) frail and all depressive symptomsSI (22.8%); (2) frail and some depressive symptomsSI (32.2%); (3) frail and severe cognitive impairmentSI (22.9%); (4) pre‐frailSI (22.0%). Compared to those in the pre‐frailSI group, residents in the frail and all depressive symptomsSI group had greater odds of continuing reporting SI at 90 days [aOR: 1.22; 95% CI:1.09–1.35].

Conclusions

Findings indicated unique health profiles of nursing home residents at higher risk of new onset of or continued SI.
FFCAEs: An efficient feature fusion framework using cascaded autoencoders for the identification of gliomas
Authors: Gudigar Anjan , Raghavendra U. , Rao Tejaswi N. , Samanth Jyothi , Rajinikanth Venkatesan , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Ciaccio Edward J. , Wai Yee Chan , Acharya U. Rajendra
Published: October 2022

Intracranial tumors arise from constituents of the brain and its meninges. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult primary intracranial neoplasm and is categorized as high‐grade astrocytoma according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The survival rate for 5 and 10 years after diagnosis is under 10%, contributing to its grave prognosis. Early detection of GBM enables early intervention, prognostication, and treatment monitoring. Computer‐aided diagnostics (CAD) is a computerized process that helps to differentiate between GBM and low‐grade gliomas (LGG), using the perceptible analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) of the brain. This study proposes a framework consisting of a feature fusion algorithm with cascaded autoencoders (CAEs), referred to as FFCAEs. Here we utilized two CAEs and extracted the relevant features from multiple CAEs. Inspired by the existing work on fusion algorithms, the obtained features are then fused by using a novel fusion algorithm. Finally, the resultant fused features are classified with the Softmax classifier to arrive at an average classification accuracy of 96.7%, which is 2.45% more than the previously best‐performing model. The method is shown to be efficacious thus, it can be useful as a utility program for doctors.
Associations between body mass index, weight loss and overall survival in patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Oswalt Cameron , Liu Yingzhou , Pang Herbert , Le‐Rademacher Jennifer , Wang Xiaofei , Crawford Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Background

Weight loss (WL) has been associated with shorter survival in patients with advanced cancer, while obesity has been associated with longer survival. Integrating body mass index (BMI) and WL provides a powerful prognostic tool but has not been well‐studied in lung cancer patients, particularly in the setting of clinical trials.

Methods

We analysed patient data (n = 10 128) from 63 National Cancer Institute sponsored advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) trials. Risk matrices were created using BMI and WL percentage, which were divided into ‘grades’ based on median survival. Relationships between survival, BMI and WL percentage were examined using Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards (PH) models with restricted cubic splines.

Results

For NSCLC, a twofold difference was noted in median survival between the BMI > 28 and WL ≤ 5% group (13.5 months) compared with the BMI < 20 and WL > 5% group (6.6 months). These associations were less pronounced in SCLC. Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant survival differences between grades for both NSCLC and SCLC (log‐rank, P < 0.0001). In Stage IV NSCLC, Cox PH analyses with restricted cubic splines demonstrated significant associations between BMI and survival in both WL ≤ 5% (P = 0.0004) and >5% (P = 0.0129) groups, as well as in WL > 5% in Stage III (P = 0.0306). In SCLC, these relationships were more complex.

Conclusions

BMI and WL have strong associations with overall survival in patients with advanced lung cancer, with a greater impact seen in NSCLC compared with SCLC. The integration of a BMI/WL grading scale may provide additional prognostic information and should be included in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in future clinical trials in advanced lung cancer.
Corrosion performance of nano‐treated aluminum alloy A206 with TiC nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Shuaihang , Yuan Jie , Moodispaw Michael P. , Linsley Chase , Liu Jingke , Luo Alan A. , Taub Alan , Li Xiaochun
Published: October 2022

A206 aluminum alloy is an important Al‐cast alloy with high mechanical strength. However, its dependence on θ′‐phase for effective strengthening raises concern for its anti‐corrosion performance in service. This paper systematically studies nano‐treating A206 with TiC nanoparticles to investigate its effects on overall corrosion behavior. Immersion tests and electrochemical measurements have been used to understand the nano‐treating contributions to the improved corrosion resistance of A206 under T4 and T6 heat treatment. The results indicate that the pseudo‐dispersion of TiC at or near the grain boundary (GB) and precipitates strengthens the GBs, and more rapid passivation near the TiC‐dense zone introduces a more uniform corrosion feature. The uniform corrosion with rapid passivation greatly facilitates the corrosion control of nano‐treated A206 under T4 and T6 heat treatment, allowing supreme anti‐corrosion stability for high‐strength A206 alloy.
Thermal Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Crosslinked and Short Chain Branched Polyethylenes for Geothermal Pipe Applications
Authors: Kourtidou Dimitra , Tarani Evangelia , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. , Chrissafis Konstantinos
Published: October 2022

Two types of polyethylenes, the crosslinked high‐density polyethylene (PEX) and the short‐chain branched medium‐density polyethylene (polyethylene of raised temperature resistance [PE‐RT]), are selected as matrices for graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites preparation (PEX/GNPs, PE‐RT/GNPs). The melt‐mixing technique is used to synthesize the nanocomposites containing various loadings of GNPs. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is employed to study the effect of the GNPs on the melting and crystallization behavior of the prepared materials. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Laser flash analysis (LFA) is used to estimate the thermal conductivity of both PEX and PE‐RT/GNPs nanocomposites. TGA measurements reveal that PEX nanocomposites present decreased thermal stability with increasing filler content. The DSC results show that the crystallinity of both matrices increases with increasing filler content. PEX/GNPs nanocomposites show more significant thermal conductivity augmentation compared to the corresponding PE‐RT nanocomposites.
A Thermoplastic Elastomeric Nanofibrous Membrane as CFRP Modifier to Boost Both Delamination and Damping Performance
Authors: Maccaferri Emanuele , Mazzocchetti Laura , Benelli Tiziana , Brugo Tommaso Maria , Zucchelli Andrea , Giorgini Loris
Published: October 2022

In the present work, thermoplastic elastomeric nanofibers made up of a homogenous blend of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and Ppolycaprolactone (CL), with 80% wt of rubbery component, are used to modify a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate with the aim of improving its delamination and damping behavior at the same time. Since the nanofibrous membrane is not chemically cross‐linked, the fibrous morphology is lost during composite curing owing to its melting. Nonetheless, the nanomodified CFRP displays an impressive ability to improve the delamination resistance in mode I and also an enhanced damping capacity at low temperature. The use of nanofibrous membranes allows for modification of specifically selected areas, thus maximizing the toughening and damping behavior where most required, without necessarily affecting the whole bulk of the resin. Both PCL and NBR components contribute to the final performance; however, the very high amount of rubber leads to a membrane difficult to handle whose final performance in CFRP modification is not superior to membranes up to 60% wt NBR that are instead more stable and easier to deal with. Overall, the proposed results are nonetheless very promising, taking into account also that the improved delamination resistance in mode I and enhanced damping are obtained without significantly sacrificing the weight and overall dimension of the obtained composite.