bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAGDM for selecting machine learning techniques: A novel approach utilizing the 2-tuple linguistic cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy set
Authors: Naz Sumera , Akram Muhammad , Sagheer Hira , Fatima Syeda Saba
Published: April 2023

Machine learning is a powerful technology for both current and future information management and it is already being used in a variety of domains. The use of machine learning in cyber security is still in its early stages, emphasizing the
significant gap between research and practice. The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) has been demonstrated to be a valuable tool in describing decision-makers (DMs) assessment values in multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). In this paper, we introduce a new tool called the 2-tuple linguistic cubic q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (2TLCq-ROFS) based on the combination of q-ROFS with interval-valued q-ROFS under the 2-tuple linguistic scenario in order to capture DMs assessment information in the complex MAGDM problems in a more efficient way. We investigate machine learning based MAGDM problems in cyber security in which the DM’s preference information is expressed as the 2TLCq-ROF numbers (2TLCqROFNs). Based on the combination of power average and power geometric operators with Muirhead mean, we propose a family of new aggregation operators including: the 2TLCq-ROF power Muirhead mean (2TLCq-ROFPMM), the 2TLCq-ROF dual power Muirhead mean (2TLCq-ROFDPMM), the 2TLCq-ROF weighted power Muirhead mean (2TLCq-ROFWPMM), and the 2TLCq-ROF weighted dual power Muirhead mean (2TLCq-ROFWDPMM) operators under the 2TLCq-ROF environment, which are more precise than the current aggregation operators and take into account the interconnection of the 2TLCq-ROFNs. Then, a versatile 2TLCq-ROF MAGDM approach is established and a case study on the evaluation of machine learning techniques in cyber security is given to show the method’s effectiveness and validity. Moreover, a parameter analysis is carried out to analyze the influence of parameters on ranking results. The comparative analysis further confirms the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach to show why DMs should select our suggested strategy over several others. In the end, some conclusions of this paper are determined and future directions are demonstrated.
Multidimensional social inclusion and its prediction in schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Hao Jiasi , Tiles-Sar Natalia , Liemburg Edith J , Habtewold Tesfa Dejenie , Bruggeman Richard , Meer Lisette van der , Alizadeh Behrooz Z
Published: April 2023

Social inclusion is poor among patients with chronic disorders such as schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). It significantly impacts patient life, healthcare and society. We aimed to study multidimensional social inclusion (mSI) among patients diagnosed with SSD, and to test the prediction of mSI. We used the baseline and 3-year follow-up data of 1,119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) cohort. The mSI was conceptualized by all subscales from social functioning (measured by Social Functioning Scale [SFS]) and quality of life (measured by the brief version of World Health Organization Quality of Life [WHOQOL-BREF]) questionnaires. K-means clustering was applied to identify mSI subgroups. Prediction models were built and internally validated via multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) methods. Model fittings were compared by common factors, accuracy and the discriminability of mSI subgroups. We identified five mSI groups: “very low (social functioning)/very low (quality of life)”, “low/low”, “high/low”, “medium/high”, and “high/high”. The mSI was robustly predicted by genetic predisposition, premorbid social functioning, symptoms (i.e., positive, negative and depressive), number of met needs and baseline satisfaction with the environment and social life. The RF model was cautiously regarded to outperform the MLR model. We distinguished meaningful subgroups of mSI by combining rather than using two measurements standalone. The mSI subgroups were modestly predictable. The mSI has the potentials for personalized interventions to improve social recovery in patients. Different from conventional outcomes, we introduced mSI which has implications beyond clinics and could be applied to other disorders.
Exploring the Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Doctors in South Africa towards Medical Cannabis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Audain Keiron
Published: April 2023

Background
The attitudes and perceptions of medical practitioners towards medical cannabis is important to understand. A qualitative study was conducted to examine the attitudes and knowledge of medical doctors in South Africa towards medical cannabis.
Methods
Twenty medical doctors were recruited for online semi-structured interviews, which were guided by predefined themes including knowledge, legislation, willingness to prescribe, and potential risks. The data collected was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
There is a general discomfort with the current level of knowledge about medical cannabis among participants, with many expressing a lack of personal knowledge and concern about the quality and accuracy of public information. There is also confusion and uncertainty about the legislation surrounding medical cannabis, with some participants stating that it is unclear or vague, and others reporting that their institutions have negative or exclusionary positions on the use of cannabis in medical treatment. Additionally, participants cited a lack of protocols and access to pharmaceutical grade cannabis as primary impediments to prescribing medical cannabis, and expressed concerns about the potential long-term side effects of abuse and the lack of head-to-head clinical trials with varying cannabinoid subtypes.
Conclusion
The study suggests a need for more education and training on medical cannabis, as well as clearer guidelines and protocols to facilitate its safe and effective use in medical treatment.
Research And Application Of Deep Learning Algorithm In C-shaped Root Canal Identification Of mandibular second molars
Authors: Zhang Peng , He Pinghua , Ye Cunjuan , Wu Hongping , Huang Lingjie , Liao Lan Lan , Ou-yang Huidan
Published: April 2023

Objective:C-shaped root canal morphology is complex and usually appears in the mandibular second molar. Accurate identification of its morphology facilitates clinical decision making.Deep learning has great advantages in image identification and classification by learning the inherent rules and representation levels of sample data.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the classification effect of deep learning algorithms in CBCT cross-sectional morphology of C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars, and to develop the artificial intelligence recognition system using the best algorithm.
Method:A total of 2266 CBCT cross-sectional images of mandibular second molars,including 1174 C-shaped and 1092 non C-shaped root canals were collected. Nine deep learning algorithms including GoogleNet,InceptionV3,InceptionResNetV2, MobileNet, NASNetMobile, ResNet152, ResNet50V2, ResNet101V2 and VGG were used to train these data models.The accuracy,model parameters, training time, confusion matrix and AUC were used to evaluate model performance.
Result:The training accuracy of nine deep learning algorithms was 100.0%, 100.0%, 99.9%, 100.0%, 99.8%, 99.6%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 91.3%,the testing accuracy was 96.3%, 94.0%, 97.2%, 92.6%, 70.4%, 44.4%, 94.4%, 98.1%, 44.9%, the AUC value was 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, 0.98, 0.92, 0.88, 1.00, 0.99, 0.83, the training time was 102, 227, 862, 135, 189, 1009, 286, 502, 480min, the model parameters were 5975602, 21806882, 54339810, 3230914, 4271830, 58375042, 23568898, 42630658, 20025410 .The results show that NASNetMobile,
ResNet152 and VGG algorithms have low test accuracy and poor generalization ability. ResNet101V2 has the highest test accuracy and the best effect.
Conclusion: The deep learning algorithm can quickly and effectively identify the C-shaped root canals of the mandibular second molars, and ResNet101V2 algorithm works best. The prototype of artificial intelligence recognition system based on this algorithm can reduce the work intensity and subjectivity of doctors' recognition, and has a good application prospect.
The Chronic Glial Border Does Not Inhibit Axonal Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Lu Paul , Graham Lori , Tran Amanda , Villarta Ashley , Koffler Jacob , Tuszynski Mark
Published: April 2023

Neuroscience dogma avers that astrocytic “scars” inhibit axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). A recent report suggested however that astrocytes form “borders” around lesions that are not inhibitory and may be permissive to axonal growth, although direct evidence is lacking. We now provide direct evidence that astrocytes support axonal growth after SCI. First, even 6 months after SCI, injured axons are retained within regions of densely reactive astrocytes, in direct contact with astrocyte processes without being repelled. Second, 6 month-delayed implants of neural stem cells extend axons into reactive astrocyte borders surrounding lesions, densely contacting astrocyte surfaces. Third, bioengineered hydrogels implanted into sites of SCI re-orient reactive astrocytic processes to align along the rostral-to-caudal spinal cord axis resulting in successful regeneration along astrocytic processes. Fourth, corticospinal axons regenerate into neural stem cells implanted six months after injury in close association with host astrocytic processes. Thus, astrocytes support axonal regeneration.
Reusable Pd nanoparticle catalysts supported on KOH-activated waste coffee grounds for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Ryu Hyeonjeong , Park Eunhae , Selvaraj Rengaraj , Kim Younghun
Published: April 2023

Waste coffee grounds (CGs) are typically incinerated or used as landfills, which can pollute the environment. However, after chemical treatments such as carbonization and KOH-activation, CGs can exhibit macroporous and microporous structures, besides high chemical stability and surface area (2710 m2/g). Thus, activated CGs (ACGs) may be used as catalyst supports. Herein, Pd nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with ACG catalysts were prepared in this study by two different methods: immobilization of PdNPs on the support and in situ reduction of Pd ions to Pd metal in the support. The catalytic performance of the ACG-supported PdNPs for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol was investigated. In the recycling test, the ACG-supported PdNP catalysts outperformed the unsupported PdNPs in terms of the stability and conversion efficiency. Thus, the as-prepared ACG support was determined to be a suitable candidate for aqueous catalytic reactions.
Excavating Important Nodes in Complex Networks based on the Heat Conduction Model
Authors: Hu Haifeng , Zheng Junhui , Wang Feifei , Wang Guan , HU Wentao , Wang Liugen , Zhao JiangWei
Published: April 2023

Analyzing the important nodes of complex systems by complex network theory can effectively solve the scientific bottlenecks in various aspects of these systems, and how to excavate important nodes has become a hot topic in complex network research. This paper proposes an algorithm for excavating important nodes based on the heat conduction model (HCM), which measures the importance of nodes by their output capacity. The number and importance of a node’s neighbors are first used to determine its own capacity, its output capacity is then calculated based on the HCM while considering the network density, distance between nodes, and degree density of other nodes. The importance of the node is finally measured by the magnitude of the output capacity. The similarity experiments of node importance, sorting and comparison experiments of important nodes, and capability experiments of multi-node infection are conducted in nine real networks using the SIR model as the evaluation criteria. The effectiveness of the HCM is demonstrated through a comparison with eight other algorithms for excavating important nodes.
Serum Vitamin D Affects the Association Between Cadmium and abdominal aorta calcification: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Kai , Han Yu , Gu Zhaoxuan , Hou Zhengyan , Yu Xiaoqi , Gao Min , Cai Tianyi , Gao Yafang , Xie Jinyu , Chen Jianguo , Chen Bowen , Liu Tianzhou
Published: April 2023

Background
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time and the exposure to this element has been linked to abdominal aorta calcification. Vitamin D deficiency has also been reported to be associated with vascular calcification risk. It has been proposed that cadmium's toxic effect is exerted via impaired activation of vitamin D. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study to assess the effect modification of vitamin D on the association between Cadmium and risk of AAC.
Method
The cross-sectional observational study used data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. By having stratified participants based on Serum Vitamin D category (low Serum Vitamin D <70.65 nmol/L; high Serum Vitamin D: ≥70.65 nmol/L), we further evaluated the difference (interaction test) between the relationship of Cadmium with the risk of AAC among low Serum Vitamin D participants and high Serum Vitamin D participants using weighted multivariable logistic regression.
Results
The sample analyzed in this study consisted of 846 participants aged ≥40 years, with 422 participants having serum vitamin D levels below 70.65 nmol/L and 424 participants having levels above 70.65 nmol/L. Our findings show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of AAC also increased significantly in the high serum vitamin D group (p=0.002), indicating a significant interaction between serum vitamin D, cadmium, and AAC occurrence (p-value for probability ratio test=0.005). However, in the low serum vitamin D group, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.197). Sensitivity analysis indicated that our results remained stable after excluding imputed data. Furthermore, our results show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of severe AAC was significantly higher in the high serum vitamin D group (OR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.17-10.55, p=0.025).
Conclusion
The results of our study indicated that Serum Vitamin D might affect the association of Cadmium with the risk of AAC. More randomized controlled trials are required to further support this finding.
Genetic evidence for variability in the social mating system of the Midday Gerbil (Meriones meridianus)
Authors: Yu Peng , Wu Chendong , Kong Zixuan , Cao Ruidong , Chen Peng
Published: April 2023

Social mating systems (e.g., monogamy, polygamy, or polyandry) are relatively stable behavioral strategies developed by environmental in animals, but the genetic imprint of a particular mating system is often incongruent with the social mating system due to extrapair matings. However, the genetics of mating systems remain little understood in rodents. In this study, we investigated the genetic signature of the mating system of 141 (63 females, 78 males) field-captured Midday Gerbils (Meriones meridianus) -a rodent species commonly found in the Minqin Desert in China-through microsatellite site analyses of genetic structure and relatedness. Seven pairs of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were selected and were highly polymorphic, the combined exclusion probability was greater than 0.99. The parent pair paternity test by Cervus 3.0 software show that, eleven mother-offspring and nine father-offspring relationships were identified in 2018, involving 26 individuals from 10 families. Similarly, 19 mother-offspring and 19 father-offspring relationships were identified in 2019, involving 48 individuals from 18 families. All three types of genetic mating structure were identified: monogamy (19 families), polyandry (4 families), and polygyny (5 families), providing evidence that the genetics underlying mating systems in this species are variable, can be incongruent with behavioral evidence for social mating systems, and could vary based on environmental cues, including degree of perceived or actual predation.
Life Experiences on Social and Economic Re-Integration for Fistula Victims Post Repair, Tanzania
Authors: Mutayoba Rita , Kimbute Omari , Amani Davis E. , Ndahani Clement , Njovu Anthony , Mfaume Juhudi , Mushy Stella ,   Frida Ngalesoni1
Published: April 2023

Background
Although exact figures on fistula victims differ among countries of sub-Saharan Africa and the Mediterranean yet it is one of the debilitating conditions after delivery, especially in third-world countries. Besides physical conditions that include fecal or urinary incontinence or both plus nerve damage, there are psychological, sociological, and economic consequences that are associated with the condition in which fistula survivors are ostracized and cut off from their friends, relatives, and economic activities engagements deepening them into poverty and loneliness. The author’s field experiences show that most of fistula treatment intervention end up whenever the survivor becomes dry and a significant portion of the intervention focuses on physical well-being not knowing that the closure of the fistula is not the end, but the beginning of the reintegration journey. This study examined the life experiences of former fistula patients after repair surgeries to determine whether treated fistula survivors were able to live the life they lived before the fistula.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in six districts in northwestern Tanzania where already identified and treated fistula survivors were interviewed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analyzed using STATA version 15 and, frequency, proportions, and measures of central tendencies were computed for different variables. Also, an association between some variables was explored at a p-value of < 0.05. These findings were presented in tables and figures. For the qualitative data, Nvivo software was used, and codes and relevant themes were generated. Triangulation of qualitative with quantitative data was made.
Results
A total of 106 women with a mean age of 39 years were enrolled in the study. Most of the clients returned to work following the repair, and their revenues increased as a result. Beneficiaries were also able to reunite with their loved ones and reengage in social events. The engagement of various stakeholders enhanced the project’s ownership and hence its success. Language barriers during training and unpredictable market prices and conditions affected the attainment of the project’s goals.
Conclusion
The welfare of survivors improved after the implementation of the project. More efforts by different stakeholders are needed to sustain and expand the current initiatives so that more women can benefit from them.
What is the evidence for medical school applicants’ reasons for choosing medicine? A qualitative study
Authors: Kimura Shunsuke , Tanemura Fumitaka , Kodama Satoshi , Nishigori Hiroshi
Published: April 2023

Background
It is important for medical school applicants and faculties to identify applicants’ reasons for choosing medicine as a career. Several studies suggest that there is a discrepancy between applicants’ real reasons for choosing medicine and those presented in entrance examinations. This discrepancy can be addressed in terms of evidence in which applicants identify reasons as their own. This study thus aims to explore applicants’ evidence for their real and stated reasons for choosing medicine.
Methods
The paradigm of this study is constructivism. We carried out individual semi-structured interviews with 15 medical students or physicians who had entered medical school through graduate-entry programs in Japan. In the interviews, we explored the participants’ real and stated reasons, including evidence for these reasons. We analyzed the data by conducting a reflexive thematic analysis on applicants’ evidence for their real and stated reasons.
Results
The thematic analysis on applicants’ evidence for their real reasons revealed six themes: (a) an idea since childhood or adolescence; (b) an episode of disease in one’s family or patient; (c) further development of one’s past major; (d) a comparison of the meaning and value of work; (e) an absence of evidence; and (f) an inability to identify one’s reasons or evidence. Moreover, the thematic analysis on applicants’ evidence for their stated reasons revealed four themes: (a) an episode of disease in one’s family or patient; (b) further development of one’s past major; (c) a comparison of the meaning and value of work; and (d) no explanations in the entrance examination.
Conclusions
This study clarified medical school applicants’ evidence for their real and stated reasons for choosing medicine as a career. The most important finding is the possibility that applicants may not even be able to justify their real reasons with evidence. Moreover, they can arbitrarily present their stated reasons and evidence for them in entrance examinations regardless of whether their real and stated reasons coincide. Medical faculties should reconsider why and how they ask applicants about their reasons for choosing medicine in the student selection process.
Does WHO child growth standards suitable for Indian Children: A comparison of anthropometric measurements from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Phukan Deepika , Kumar Kaushalendra
Published: April 2023

Background:Growth charts are fundamental tools for monitoring individual infants and children. But the current WHO-specified growth standards generally rely on single, one-size-fits-all cut-offs.
Methods:The present study developed a new growth reference of Indian children aged 0-60 months using 2005-2006 & 2015-16 National Family and Health Survey data.
Results:Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) distribution and lambda mu sigma (LMS) model suggested that the median height for Indian children at age five years was 6.35 cm (boys) and 4.23cm (girls) lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) growth reference values, 2006. A similar height value for age is observed in both Indian and WHO growth curves at younger generations. However, a significant height difference was observed in WHO growth curves compared to Indians at later ages. Relatively heavier children in the WHO standard appeared at later ages than the Indian growth curve.
Conclusions:The study recommended high priority in using national derived reference data, which correctly define growth trajectories in children.
Internet Addiction and Depression among Syrian College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Swed Sarya , Bohsas Haidara , Alibrahim Hidar , Rais Mohammed Amir , Elsayed Mohamed , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Shaheen Nour , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Nasif Mohamad Nour , Ghaith Hazem S. , Sawaf Bisher , Albuni Mhd Kutaiba , Battikh Elias , Kash Rawan Abo , Shoib Shiekh
Published: April 2023

Background: Problematic internet use (PIU) or internet addiction has become increasingly prevalent, and concerns about its impact on mental health and social functioning have grown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PIU among Syrian university students and its relationship with their demographics, internet user behavior, and mental health.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students in Syrian government universities between April 14 and April 24, 2022. The survey included the Beck Depression Inventory and the Internet Addiction Scale.
Results: Out of 2891 participants, 75.2% were female, with an average age of 21.87. The average IAT score was 49.4, and the overall prevalence of PIU was 90.6%. Furthermore, 93.1% of participants displayed possible signs and symptoms of depression. Separation was associated with a higher incidence of PIU (p = 0.000). PIU was significantly linked with physical abuse (P = 0.001) and mental stress (P = 0.000). Online gaming (p = 0.005) and YouTube video viewing (p = 0.000) were strongly associated with PIU.
Conclusion: The study found a high rate of internet addiction among Syrian medical students, with those experiencing mental health problems and depression symptoms more likely to be internet addicts. To prevent PIU, students should be encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities, such as sports, and awareness programs should be enhanced to highlight the negative effects of internet addiction.
Mixed Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Coexisted with Graves' Disease: a case report
Authors: Huang Yijing , Wen Xiaoming , Liang Xinxin , Xu Lingling
Published: April 2023

Background
At present, thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) is recognized as a rare disease. Mixed TSHomas accounted for 20-25% of all TSHomas. This study aimed to report an extremely rare case of mixed TSHoma coexisted with Graves’ disease(GD) and review the literature.
Case presentation
A 36-year-old male patient presented with both elevated levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), but non-suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. His anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) were positive. The symptoms of palpitations, hyperhidrosis, heat intolerant, and irritability appeared 2 years before his admission. But he showed neither signs nor symptoms of acromegaly. Contrast-enhanced pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enlarged pituitary fossa, with an irregular abnormal signal mass. The patient underwent endoscopic partial pituitary resection via transsphenoidal approach. Postoperative pathology suggested mixed pituitary adenoma. The patient had postoperative thyroid function recurrence of hyperthyroidism and the recurrence of TSHoma was confirmed by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) 11months after surgery. After administration of lanreotide, his levels of FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb and TGAb became normal, and levels of TRAb and IGF-1 improved.
Conclusion
A rare case of TSHoma coexisted with GD was reported. When circulating levels of both FT4 and FT3 were upregulated, non-suppressed TSH levels and positive thyroid antibodies were found. Importantly, TSHoma associated with GD should be carefully taken into account to avoid the potential risk of treatment-induced tumor progression.
A case series to test the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of AVATAR therapy in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Thompson Alistair , Calissano Chiara , Treasure Janet , Ball Hannah , Montague Alice , Ward Thomas , Cardi Valentina
Published: April 2023

Background. Patients with anorexia nervosa often describe the experience of living with the “eating disorder” voice. They struggle to recognise and assert their own identity over the illness’s identity and relate to it from a powerless and subordinate position. AVATAR therapy was developed to help patients with psychosis to gain greater power and control over distressing voices. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility, acceptability, safety and preliminary efficacy of an adaptation of AVATAR therapy for anorexia nervosa.
Methods. Twelve adult patients with anorexia nervosa were recruited. Ten completed an assessment session and between five to seven therapy sessions. The assessment session consisted in the creation of a visual and auditory representation of the “eating disorder” (“the avatar”) through specialist computer software. During the therapy sessions, patients engaged in a dialogue with the avatar to assert their power and control over it. Patients completed baseline, end of intervention and follow-up (4-week) online questionnaires. A non-concurrent multiple baselines single case experimental design (SCED) was used (A1BA2). Feasibility, acceptability, safety and preliminary efficacy of the intervention were assessed.
Results. The therapy met pre-specified criteria relating to: Feasibility: sample recruited within three months; retention rate at the end of the treatment phase= 81.9%; therapy completion rate= 90.1%. Safety: no serious adverse experiences associated with the intervention. Acceptability: mean ratings= 7.5 (SD = 2.61) out of ten on a 0-10 scale of acceptability (10= complete satisfaction). With respect to preliminary indications of efficacy, participants reported significantly lower levels of distress associated with the eating disorder voice and higher levels of self-compassion post-therapy. No other significant changes were observed with regards to frequency of the eating disorder voice, voice’s characteristics, such as omnipotence and malevolence, eating disorder symptoms and symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. Patients’ feedback indicated that the therapy had helped with their ability to stand up to the illness, make positive changes around eating, and increase their motivation to recover and their self-compassion.
Conclusion. AVATAR therapy for anorexia nervosa is feasible, acceptable and safe for patients. Larger studies are needed to test clinical efficacy.
Registration
The study was pre-registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04778423).
Inter-observer agreement among specialists in the diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer using Store-and-Forward technology
Authors: Gurushanth Keerthi , Mukhia Nirza , Sunny Sumsum P , Song Bofan , Raghavan Shubhasini A , Gurudath Shubha , Mendonca Pramila , Li Shaobai , Patrick Sanjana , Imchen Tsusennaro , Leivon Shirley T. , Shruti Tulika , Kolur Trupti , Shetty Vivek , R Vidya Bhushan , Ramesh Rohan Michael , Pillai Vijay , S Kathryn O. , Smith Petra Wilder , Suresh Amritha , Liang Rongguang , N Praveen Birur , Kuriakose Moni A.
Published: April 2023

Oral Cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. Screening and mobile Health (mHealth) based approach facilitates remote early detection of Oral cancer in a resource-constrained settings. The emerging eHealth technology has aided specialist reach to rural areas enabling remote monitoring and triaging to downstage Oral cancer. Though the diagnostic accuracy of the remote specialist has been evaluated, there are no studies evaluating the consistency among the remote specialists, to the best of our knowledge. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement between the specialists through telemedicine systems in real-world settings using store and forward technology. Two remote specialists independently diagnosed the clinical images from image repositories, and the diagnostic accuracy was compared with onsite specialist and histopathological diagnosis when available. Moderate agreement (k = 0.682) between two remote specialists and (k = 0.629) between the onsite specialist and two remote specialists in diagnosing oral lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of remote specialist 1 were 92.7% and 83.3%, whereas remote specialist 2 was 95.8% and 60%, respectively, compared to histopathology. The store and forward technology and telecare can be effective tools in triaging and surveillance of patients.
Interest-driven creator English course for developing Chinese private college students’ listening and speaking proficiency based via blended setting
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Chen Pengfei
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to improve the English learning outcomes of undergraduate students enrolled in bachelor’s degree by designing a compulsory interest-driven creator (IDC)-based English course in blended setting. A total of 210 Chinese college students participated in a quasi-experimental intervention. The research treatment was conducted for 16 lessons over 16 weeks at a private college in China. The performance of the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) was assessed by Exam English as a pre-test and a post-test to investigate listening and speaking proficiency. The results indicated that the course effectively enhanced the students’ language learning outcomes. Therefore, the IDC course can be integrated in an innovative English curriculum. The EG showed a better outcome on the test than the CG. The IDC English course in the blending setting efficiently enhanced the students’ English listening and speaking skills.
USP2 regulates neuroinflammation to ameliorate depression via the IL-1R2/NF-κB signalling pathway
Authors: Li Cai , Li Songyang , Zhang Hang , Xu Zhengyu , Zhang Yujie , Cheng Qiong , Chang Mujun , Nie Chunjie , Chen Jiguang , Li Yuanyuan , Hou Mingyang , Yao Daoke , Li Hong , Tian Xin
Published: April 2023

Background
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) play a vital role in the modulation of protein trafficking and degradation through deubiquitination. It was reported that there is a strong correlation of ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) expression with apoptosis and inflammation. Nonetheless, the role of USP2 in alleviating depression remains unclear, and no therapeutic strategies targeting USP2 to treat depression have been reported.
Methods
The forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed to investigate depressive-like behaviour. Western blotting was used to examine the expression levels of proteins related to neuroinflammation. A lentivirus carrying USP2 shRNA (LV-shUSP2) was utilized to inhibit USP2 function/expression. The small-molecule USP2 inhibitor ML364 was used to suppress USP2 activity. A USP2-overexpressing lentivirus (LV-USP2) was utilized to promote USP2 function/expression. Additionally, the role of USP2 in corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression in mice was confirmed using HT-22 cells.
Results
The expression of USP2 in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in CORT-induced depression model mice. Similar to CORT, LV-shUSP2 and ML364 caused depressive-like behaviour in mice. In CORT-treated mice, both LV-USP2 and the antidepressant venlafaxine (VNX) exerted antidepressant-like effects and ameliorated the downregulation of USP2 in the hippocampus. In addition, VNX reversed the induction of depressive-like behaviour in mice caused by LV-shUSP2 or ML364 and positively modulated USP2 in the hippocampus. In-depth mechanistic studies showed that CORT, LV-shUSP2 and ML364 all reduced IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2) expression and activated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signalling in the hippocampus. However, both VNX and LV-USP2 suppressed the downregulation of IL-1R2 and decreased the activation of NF-κB signalling. In HT22 cells, VNX-induced upregulation of UPS2 or LV-USP2 could regulate neuroinflammation to ameliorate neuronal damage via the IL-1R2/NF-κB signalling pathway.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that USP2 exerts antidepressant-like effects on hippocampal neurons and that VNX is a novel therapeutic agent that can positively regulate USP2 to ameliorate depression. Additionally, the USP2-mediated IL-1R2/NF-κB pathway may be a potential target for the treatment of depression, allowing the development of more efficient antidepressant agents.
Isolation, structure analysis and expression characterization of the Hexokinase gene family in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Li Sen , Qin Xin’er , He Xiaofei , Han Shaopeng , Lv Yang , Zhang Bo , Deng Zhuying , Zeng Gongjian , Gao Xinqiang , Hu Yongfeng , Shen Xiangling
Published: April 2023

Hexokinases (HXK, Ec2.7.1.1), a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycolytic pathway, catalyze hexoses phosphorylation. HXKs not only help hexoses metabolism, but also play an important role in sugar signaling and tolerance to abiotic stress in higher plants. In past years, a number of HXK gene families have been reported in many plant species. However, detailed information about the HXK genes in sorghum is still lacking. To investigate the roles of HXKs in Sorghum bicolor, 7 putative sorghum HXK genes (SbHXK1, SbHXK2, SbHXK3, SbHXK4, SbHXK5, SbHXK6, SbHXK7) were identified in sorghum genome. Gene sequence analysis, structural analysis, phylogenetic analysis, collinearity analysis, multi-sequence alignment and motif analysis of all SbHXKgenes showed evolutionarily conservation to those in other plant species. Expression profiling revealed the potential activation of SbHXKs in ripping organisms, stamen and root tissues. Cis-elements related to abiotic stress and sucrose metabolism were identified through promoter screening in all SbHXKs, and further qRT-PCR confirmed the potential role of SbHXK genes in response to abiotic stress and sugar metabolism in sorghum. Interestingly, SbHXKs are mostly localized in cytoplasm, while some rice and ArabidopsisHXKs are localized in chloroplast or mitochondrion, which indicated the different role of SbHXKs comparing with other plant species. Altogether, our study shows a theoretical reference of HXK genes in Sorghum, which provides basic information that will assist in elucidating the functions of HXK gene family in Sorghum.
Does family planning and HIV services integration increase contraceptive prevalence? A comparative analysis of modern contraceptive prevalence among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women of reproductive age in Tanzania-analysis of the 2016/17 Tanzania HIV impact survey
Authors: Timoth Saitoti , Machange Janeth , Karino Kilaye , Mtenga Sally , Mkopi Abdallah , Levira Francis
Published: April 2023

Background Prevention of unplanned pregnancies through modern contraceptives among HIV-positive women is one of the essential strategies for reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Family planning and HIV services integration is a national strategy designed to scale-up modern contraceptives among HIV-positive women. This study evaluates the success of the service integration strategy by comparing modern contraceptive prevalence among HIV-positive accessing HIV treatment (ARV) through integrated services with those not accessing the services in Tanzania. Methods We used data from the Tanzania HIV impact survey (THIS) of 2016/17. THIS provided HIV counselling and testing with a return of results in over 30,000 adults over 15 years of age. Women tested positive self reported their enrollment into ARV with further confirmation through laboratory analysis for any detectible ARV in their blood. All non-pregnant women reported their contraceptive use. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of accessing integrated services controlling for potential confounders. Results A total of 14,986 women were included in the analysis; HIV-positive women were 1,066 and HIV-negative women 13,830. Prevalence of modern contraceptive was 35% in HIV-positive women and 30% in HIV-negative women. Prevalence was higher among women enrolled into integrated service (40%) compared to those who were HIV-positive but unaware of their HIV status (27%) (p-value = 0.0014). The most common contraceptive methods in HIV-positive women were injectables (32%) and male condoms (31%), while in HIV-negative women, injectables (39%) and implants (30%, n = 1032) were the most preferred methods. Among HIV-positive women, enrolment into integrated services (currently on ART) demonstrated an increase in the odds of modern contraceptives by 85% (AOD = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.27–2.71) Conclusion Our study therefore calls for the evaluation on the implementation of the integration programme to identify factors that constrain or facilitate programme effectiveness.
Longitudinal study on the effects of school closure due to COVID-19 on the physical fitness of Japanese kindergarteners
Authors: Aoyama Sho
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The present study aimed to longitudinally clarify differences in physical fitness between Japanese kindergarteners who experienced school closure due to COVID-19 (COVID-19 pandemic group) and those who did not (control group).
Methods: For the COVID-19 pandemic group, 51 three-year-old children underwent physical fitness measurements at three years old in November 2019, four years old in November 2020, and five years old in November 2021. In the control group, 52 three-year-old children underwent similar measurements at three years old in November 2017, four years old in November 2018, and five years old in November 2019. For physical fitness measurements, we performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of group × time for each gender.
Results: Regarding body support duration, the COVID-19 pandemic group performed significantly lower than the control group at four and five years old.
Conclusion: The present study longitudinally revealed that muscle endurance among Japanese kindergarteners who experienced school closure due to COVID-19 was impaired.
Research on the Hydrodynamic Influence of Marine Data Buoy with Different Mooring Systems in Northern Part of Weihai: Simulation and experiment
Authors: Wang Huamei , Lu Kuan , Shangguan Liang , Rao Xiang
Published: April 2023

The hydrodynamic of marine data buoy and its mooring system has an important im-pact on its reliability, viability and adaptability at sea. In this paper, the numerical simulation, which is combined with physical model test verification, is adopted for studying hydrodynamic of data buoy, by using the measured data in the northern sea area of Chu Island, Weihai, Shandong Province, China. In the numerical analysis, the Advanced Quantitative Wave Analysis (AQWA) module in ANSYS is used, which includes frequency domain analysis and time domain analysis. The hydrodynamic performance of three different mooring systems, i.e. slack type, inverted S type and tension type, under the action of wind and waves coupling is studied. The model test of the buoy was carried out at the Environmental Laboratory in the National Ocean Technology Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, and the scale of the model is determined to be 1:5, according to the laboratory test capacity and buoy prototype size. The results show that the inverted S type mooring system has higher reliability, while the tension type mooring system can obtain more accurate observation data, and the performance of the slack mooring system is between the two, among the three types of mooring systems. The research results can provide a reference for the design of other marine buoys and their mooring systems, and the validated numerical simulation method can be applied to the study of the survival performance of the buoy in long-term and extreme sea condition.
Normal values and correlation of age and the Heart Rate Variability in healthy children younger than 18 months
Authors: Peherstorfer Anna , Gröppel Gudrun
Published: April 2023

Purpose
A normal heart rate variability (HRV) is the result of a balanced relation between the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Epilepsy, as one of the most common diseases worldwide, is thought to have an impact on the autonomic nervous system and could therefore lead to an imbalance. But anyway, there are no available normal values for HRV in children, especially in infants. The current study is aimed to create reference values for the HRV in children aged younger than 18 months.
Methods
We analyzed ECG curves of 30 infants, who had a routine EEG due to non-epileptic paroxysmal events. To evaluate the HRV we calculated the RMSSD (root mean square of the successive differences) and the SDNN (standard deviation of all normal sinus R/R intervals). Analyses were performed for each patient and in a second step separately for patients from 0 - <12 months and from 12 - <18 months.
Results
We found no significant differences in the different age groups regarding the HRV. Using linear regression, it was also shown that there were no other significant differences in HRV in children under 18 months of age.
Conclusions
Our results also indicate age-dependent differences when compared to previous findings in the literature and show that it is important to have age-matching normal values.
Historical and contextual pathways of inequity in child nutritional status: A case study of Paniya and Kurichiya Adivasi communities in Wayanad District, Kerala
Authors: Ulahannan Sabu Kochupurackal , Soman Biju , Prashanth N S , Kutty V Raman , Ravindran T K Sundari
Published: April 2023

Background:Adivasi communities in Kerala continue to bear a disproportionately high burden of child undernutrition compared with other communities in Kerala. Furthermore, different ethnic groups within the Adivasi communities have different patterns of nutritional inequality that require understanding the historical and contextual pathways of nutritional inequity. This paper examines the historical and contextual pathways of inequity in child nutritional outcomes between thePaniyaandKurichiyaAdivasi communities in the Wayanad district of Kerala.Methods:This study used a mixed-method approach with quantitative cross-sectional and qualitative case study components. The Diderichsen framework was used as the conceptual framework of the study. The quantitative cross-sectional component was done using a survey involving 314 children aged 2–5 years and their mothers as participants chosen using a multi-stage cluster sampling that was conducted using a structured interview schedule. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews, observation diary notes, and document reviews and analysed using inductive and deductive approaches.Results:ThePaniyaandKurichiyaAdivasi children reported stark disparities in the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting; the prevalence of these conditions among thePaniyawas 52.3%, 58.9%, and 25.2%, respectively, whereas the prevalence among theKurichiyawas 28.2%, 31.1%, and 12.3%, respectively. Historical accumulation of poverty through land alienation and overall social exclusion from developmental reforms among thePaniyacontributed to their lower socio-economic position, which in turn explains the higher prevalence of child undernutrition amongPaniyacompared to that ofKurichiya. These historical pathways continue to drive an experience of stigma and discrimination while using health and nutritional services, thus intergenerationally contributing to their inequalities in the social determinants of child nutrition.Conclusions:The tribal health and nutritional policies and programmes that are currently targeted at Adivasi communities need to integrate particular Adivasi identities into their strategies and implementations.
Improving Quantum-to-Classical Data Decoding using Optimized Quantum Wavelet Transform
Authors: Jeng Mingyoung , Islam SM Ishraq Ul , Levy David , Riachi Andrew , Chaudhary Manu , Nobel Md. Alvir Islam , Kneidel Dylan , Jha Vinayak , Bauer Jack , Maurya Anshul , Mahmud Naveed , El-Araby Esam
Published: April 2023

One of the challenges facing current Noisy-Intermediate-Scale-Quantum devices (NISQ) is achieving efficient quantum circuit measurement or readout. The process of extracting classical data from the quantum domain, termed in this work as quantum-to-classical (Q2C) data decoding, generally incurs significant overhead, since the quantum circuit needs to be sampled repeatedly to obtain useful data readout. In this paper, we propose and evaluate time-efficient and depth-optimized Q2C methods based on the multidimensional, multilevel-decomposable, quantum wavelet transform (QWT) whose packet and pyramidal forms are leveraged and optimized. We also propose a zero-depth technique that uses selective placement of measurement gates to perform the QWT operation. To demonstrate their efficiency, the proposed techniques are quantitatively evaluated in terms of execution time, circuit depth, and accuracy in comparison to existing Q2C techniques. Experimental evaluations of the proposed Q2C methods are performed using real high-resolution multispectral images on a 27-qubit state-of-the-art quantum computing device from IBM Quantum.