bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The urban carbon unlocking effect of digital infrastructure construction: A spatial difference-in-difference analysis from “Broadband China” pilot policy
Authors: Guo Liang , Chen Lijing , Yang Zhen
Published: January 2025

As the foundation and cornerstone of the digital economy, digital infrastructure construction is an indispensable engine for realizing China’s energy-saving and emission-reduction, innovation-driven and low-carbon transformation and development. Investigating the carbon unlocking effect of digital infrastructure construction might hasten the achievement of the dual-carbon goal and the “win-win” scenario of environmental protection and economic growth. However, there is still a gap between whether and how digital infrastructure construction can break the carbon lock-in (CLI). Based on the panel data of 266 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2019, this paper takes “Broadband China” policy (BCP) as a quasi-natural experiment, constructs a spatial difference-in-difference (SDID) model to explore its impact on CLI, and further analyzes its transmission mechanism, spatial spillover effect and heterogeneity. The results show that: (1) BCP can break the carbon lock-in in the pilot cities and remains valid after a series of robustness tests. (2) There is a lag in the carbon unlocking effect of BCP, and the effect is gradually significant after 3 years of policy implementation. (3) BCP has a spatial spillover impact on CLI, and it significantly contributes to both nearby and local cities. (4) By encouraging green technical advancement and upgrading industrial structure, BCP breaks the CLI. (5) There is regional heterogeneity and urban characteristic heterogeneity in the carbon unlocking effect of BCP. On this basis, we propose a series of policy recommendations to hasten the implementation of low-carbon transformation and sustainable urban development.
In vitro and in silico analyses of amino acid substitution effects at the conserved N-linked glycosylation site in hepatitis B virus surface protein on antigenicity, immunogenicity, HBV replication and secretion
Authors: Tepjanta Patcharin , Saethang Thammakorn , Fujiyama Kazuhito , Misaki Ryo , Kimkong Ingorn
Published: January 2025

The "a" determinant, a highly conformational region within the hepatitis B virus large surface protein (LHBs), is crucial for antibody neutralization and diagnostic assays. Mutations in this area can lead to conformational changes, resulting in vaccination failure, diagnostic evasion, and disease progression. The "a" determinant of LHBs contains a conserved N-linked glycosylation site at N320, but the mechanisms of glycosylation in LHBs remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of amino acid substitutions at N320 on antigenicity, three-dimensional (3D) structures of LHBs, immunogenic epitopes, and HBV DNA levels. LHBs were mutated by substituting asparagine 320 with proline, cysteine, lysine, and glutamine. The reactivity of the mutants with antibodies was evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results showed increased binding affinity in N320C, N320Q, and particularly N320P mutants compared to the wild type, likely attributed to conformational changes predicted by the I-TASSER server and further refined by the GalaxyRefine server. Analysis conducted using the IEDB server indicated that the N320P mutation increased the antigenic index, whereas the N320C mutation significantly decreased it. Conversely, the N320K and N320Q mutations exhibited minor effects on antigenicity. Our observations also identified N320P as a potential B-cell epitope and a binding epitope for MHC-I (T-cell epitope). Furthermore, mutating the conserved N-linked glycosylation site at position N320 to proline significantly increased the secretion of HBV DNA in virions. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of a single amino acid mutation at N320 on antibody interaction, LHBs conformation, immunogenicity, and HBV DNA replication. These insights hold promise for advancements in HBsAg detection and the development of vaccines against hepatitis B virus.
Clade-1 Vap virulence proteins of Rhodococcus equi are associated with the cell surface and support intracellular growth in macrophages
Authors: Yerlikaya Zeynep , Miranda-CasoLuengo Raúl , Yin Yuting , Cheng Cheng , Meijer Wim G.
Published: January 2025

The multi-host pathogen Rhodococcus equi is a parasite of macrophages preventing maturation of the phagolysosome, thus creating a hospitable environment supporting intracellular growth. Virulent R. equi isolated from foals, pigs and cattle harbor a host-specific virulence plasmid, pVAPA, pVAPB and pVAPN respectively, which encode a family of 17 Vap proteins belonging to seven monophyletic clades. We examined all 17 Vap proteins for their ability to complement intracellular growth of a R. equi ΔvapA strain, and show that only vapK1, vapK2 and vapN support growth in murine macrophages of this strain. We show that only the clade-1 proteins VapA, VapK1, VapK2 and VapN are located on the R. equi cell surface. The pVAPB plasmid encodes three clade-1 proteins: VapK1, VapK2 and VapB. The latter was not able to support intracellular growth and was not located on the cell surface. We previously showed that the unordered N-terminal VapA sequence is involved in cell surface localisation of VapA. We here show that although the unordered N-terminus of the 17 Vap proteins is highly variable in length and sequence, it is conserved within clades, which is consistent with our observation that the N-terminus of clade-1 Vap proteins plays a role in cell surface localisation.
Sequence and biochemical analysis of vaccinia virus A32 protein: Implications for in vitro stability and coiled-coil motif mediated regulation of the DNA-dependent ATPase activity
Authors: Ramakrishnan Uma , Aggarwal Tanvi , Kondabagil Kiran
Published: January 2025

Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) have massive genome and particle sizes compared to other known viruses. NCLDVs, including poxviruses, encode ATPases of the FtsK/HerA superfamily to facilitate genome encapsidation. However, their biochemical and structural characteristics are yet to be discerned. In this study, we demonstrate that the viral ATPases are significantly shorter than their bacterial homologs, representing the minimal ATPase core of the FtsK/HerA superfamily. We analysed the sequence and secondary structural features of the vaccinia virus A32 protein and determined their roles in the protein’s ATPase activity. We sought to purify A32 by various techniques and noted that recombinant A32 expressed in E. coli is highly insoluble and unstable in solution. N-terminal fusion with the thioredoxin solubility tag could alleviate this issue to some extent, but subsequent tag cleavage results in increased susceptibility to precipitation and degradation. We have also predicted a highly conserved coiled-coil motif (CCM) towards the C-terminus of vaccinia virus A32. ATPase activity of A32 is known to increase in the presence of DNA. Comparative analysis of the wildtype protein versus its CCM mutants suggests that this DNA dependence of A32’s ATPase activity is likely regulated by the CCM. We demonstrate that oligomerization of A32, mediated by the CCM, is required for its DNA-binding but is not dependent on ATP- or DNA-binding. Our findings suggest a key role of the CCM, and thus, higher-order structure formation in the regulated ATPase activity of A32, providing new opportunities for further detailed characterization of the poxvirus genome packaging process.
Effect of case management on viral load in adult clients enrolled due to non-suppression in Capricorn District, South Africa: A case control study
Authors: Moholola Molebatsi , Rees Kate , Motsoane Nthabiseng , Kgopong Ntsetse , Mutyambizi Chipo
Published: January 2025

Background

Case management is a structured, client centered approach that incorporates various strategies such as employing lay counsellors to provide psychosocial and adherence support to strengthen antiretroviral (ART) adherence, improve retention in care and viral load (VL) suppression. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of case management on VL in clients enrolled due to non-suppression (> = 50 copies/ml) in Capricorn District, Limpopo Province.

Methods

We conducted a case control study using two datasets (1) cases were selected from case management data collected from June 2021 to November 2022 at 35 facilities and captured on the REDCap system. (2) controls were identified from TIER.Net data from facilities where case management is not available and with at least two VLs on record since June 2021. Our study was restricted to clients with an unsuppressed (> = 50 copies) VL at enrollment, over the age of 18 years and excluded clients with a missing VL at enrollment. Using similar age, gender, and VL characteristics, an equal number of clients not receiving case management was randomly sampled from the TIER.Net data. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the factors associated with viral suppression.

Results

Our final study sample consisted of 3 256 clients, half of which received case management (N = 1 628), 1084 (33%) with a first VL in study of 50–399 copies/ml, 404 (12%) 400–999 copies/ml and 1768 (54%) >1000 copies/ml. Post case management intervention results showed that 49% had a VL below 50 copies/ml amongst those receiving case management and 44% among those who did not receive case management. In the adjusted model we found that case management (Odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08–1.44) versus no case management, 35–54 years old (1.43; 1.07–1.91) and 55+ year old (1.88; 1.35–2.61) versus 18–24-year-old increased odds of VL suppression whilst being male (0.72; 0.61–0.84) versus being female has decreased odd of VL suppression.

Conclusion

Close to half of the clients had a VL below 50 copies/ml after case management. Factors that increased the odds of VL suppression were case management and older age, whilst being male was associated with reduced odds of VL suppression. Differentiated services for virally unsuppressed clients would be helpful for men. Case management was associated with viral suppression in those with a starting VL > 1000 copies/ml and not for those starting with low level viremia (50–999 copies/ml).
Isoferulic acid facilitates effective clearance of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae through targeting capsule
Authors: Wang Tingting , Yang Huaizhi , Sheng Qiushuang , Ding Ying , Zhang Jian , Chen Feng , Wang Jianfeng , Song Lei , Deng Xuming
Published: January 2025

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) poses an alarming threat in clinical settings and global public health owing to its high pathogenicity, epidemic success and rapid development of drug resistance, especially the emergence of carbapenem-resistant lineages (CR-hvKP). With the decline of the “last resort” antibiotic class and the decreasing efficacy of first-line antibiotics, innovative alternative therapeutics are urgently needed. Capsule, an essential virulence determinant, is a major cause of the enhanced pathogenicity of hvKP and thus represents an attractive drug target to prevent the devastating clinical outcomes caused by hvKP infection. Here, we identified isoferulic acid (IFA), a natural phenolic acid compound widely present in traditional herbal medicines, as a potent broad-spectrum K. pneumoniae capsule inhibitor that suppresses capsule polysaccharide synthesis by increasing the energy status of bacteria. In this way, IFA remarkably reduced capsule thickness and impaired hypercapsule-associated hypermucoviscosity phenotype (HMV), thereby significantly sensitizing hvKP to complement-mediated bacterial killing and accelerating host cell adhesion and phagocytosis. Consequently, IFA facilitated effective bacterial clearance and thus remarkably protected mice from lethal hvKP infection, as evidenced by limited bacterial dissemination and a significant improvement in survival rate. In conclusion, this work promotes the development of a capsule-targeted alternative therapeutic strategy for the use of the promising candidate IFA as an intervention to curb hvKP infection, particularly drug-resistant cases.
USP5 inhibits anti-RNA viral innate immunity by deconjugating K48-linked unanchored and K63-linked anchored ubiquitin on IRF3
Authors: Qiao Zigang , Li Dapei , Zhang Fan , Zhu Jingfei , Liu Siying , Bai Xue , Yao Haiping , Chen Zhengrong , Yan Yongdong , Xu Xiulong , Ma Feng
Published: January 2025

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a central hub transcription factor that controls host antiviral innate immunity. The expression and function of IRF3 are tightly regulated by the post-translational modifications. However, it is unknown whether unanchored ubiquitination and deubiquitination of IRF3 involve modulating antiviral innate immunity against RNA viruses. Here, we find that USP5, a deubiquitinase (DUB) regulating unanchored polyubiquitin, is downregulated during host anti-RNA viral innate immunity in a type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor (IFNAR)-dependent manner. USP5 is further identified to inhibit IRF3-triggered antiviral immune responses through its DUB enzyme activity. K48-linked unanchored ubiquitin promotes IRF3-driven transcription of IFN-β and induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in a dose-dependent manner. USP5 simultaneously removes both K48-linked unanchored and K63-linked anchored polyubiquitin chains on IRF3. Our study not only provides evidence that unanchored ubiquitin regulates anti-RNA viral innate immunity but also proposes a novel mechanism for DUB-controlled IRF3 activation, suggesting that USP5 is a potential target for the treatment of RNA viral infectious diseases.
Colonial Heritage in a Postcolonial World
Authors: Coslett Daniel E.
Published: January 2025

IJIA’s annual Dialogues series brings together scholars and practitioners from across varied disciplines for a discussion of critical contemporary issues that interrogate the boundaries between architecture, art, anthropology, heritage, and history. This session, its fourth instalment, was held as a webinar in February 2024 and was convened by Associate Editor Daniel Coslett. It featured three heritage specialists – Leila Ben-Gacem, Alaa El-Habashi, and Lahbib El Moumni – from across North Africa. In it, participants addressed the salience of colonial-era built environments, national identities and activism, sources of funding for heritage management, and revealing variances in the region’s conservation practices. Though focused on Tunisia (occupied by France from 1881 to 1956), Egypt (occupied by the United Kingdom in various ways from 1882 to 1956), and Morocco (occupied by France and Spain from 1912 to 1956), the optimistic conversation engaged issues that have a wider relevance across the postcolonial world. This annotated excerpt of the conversation has been slightly edited for clarity and length.
Takiyyat ibn Tulun, Preservation, and ‘Utility’ in the Case of a Deserted Mosque
Authors: Jamaleddine Ziad
Published: January 2025

Between 1846–80, the Ibn Tulun Mosque (876–79) was recast as a poorhouse, its long-deserted spaces transformed to meet new programmatic requirements. However, the modernizing state that enacted that transformation was also responsible for its undoing, ending traditional practices of reuse that had previously characterized Cairene architecture and instituting a modern philosophy of preservation. Following the poorhouse’s closure, the Comité de la Conservation des Monuments de L’Art Arabe (Committee for the Conservation of the Monuments of Arab Art), in conjunction with the Ministry of Awqaf (Ministry of Endowments), initiated a decades-long restoration of the mosque’s historical form and use. This article takes the plans of the mosque/poorhouse published by K. A. C. Creswell and Yusuf Ahmad, which capture opposite ends of the restoration period, as a lens through which to analyse and outline the Comité de la Conservation des Monuments de L’Art Arabe and the Ministry of Awqaf’s divergent doctrines of preservation and ideas on the (re)use of deserted mosques.
Mapping Identity: Constructing Colonial Visions in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Aceh
Authors: Fadhil Muhammad Naufal , Nichols Julie
Published: January 2025

This article investigates three cartographic representations of the city of Aceh (now Banda Aceh, Indonesia) drawn in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The mappings illustrate very different aesthetic interpretations of Aceh, presenting imaginative visions deliberately constructed for the colonial enterprise. The article examines the diverse motivations for multiple ways of conceiving the same human environments. To what extent did the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century mappings contribute to the construction of Aceh’s architectural and urban history? Using concepts from the study of cartographic history, this article investigates the tangible and intangible aspects of Aceh’s urban form and architecture. The maps have created Aceh’s diverse urban identity and served as a creative way to visualize various historical events in witnesses’ notes. Discrepancies in conceptions of place are brought to light through these maps, encompassing aspects such as building form, location, the objectives behind Aceh’s urban design, and perceived influences ranging from cosmological thinking to the environment.
Metrics of Modernity: Art and Development in Postwar Turkey, Sarah-Neel Smith (2022)
Authors: Soltani Zohreh
Published: January 2025

Review of: Metrics of Modernity: Art and Development in Postwar Turkey, Sarah-Neel Smith (2022)

Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 216 pp., 20 b&w and 42 colour illus.,

ISBN: 9780520383418, $50 (hardback)

Alternative Iran: Contemporary Art and Critical Spatial Practice, Pamela Karimi (2022)

Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 452 pp., 121 colour illus.,

ISBN: 9781503631809, $35 (paperback)
Efektivitas Early Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Sederhana Terhadap Perbaikan Down Score Bayi Prematur di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sambas, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Chandra Chandra , Zulkarman Zulkarman
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang. Respiratory Distress Syndrome adalah masalah kesehatan yang umum, terutama pada bayi prematur. Diagnosis RDS ditegakkan secara klinis ketika sistem pernapasan bayi tidak mampu melakukan pertukaran gas secara normal tanpa bantuan. Derajat distress pernapasan dapat dinilai menggunakan Down score, yang merupakan alat ukur kegawatan pernapasan pada neonatus yang cepat dan sederhana. Down score juga digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menentukan jenis terapi oksigen yang akan diterapkan. Penanganan awal yang tepat sangat menentukan prognosis bayi dengan distress pernapasan di masa mendatang.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Early Bubble CPAP sederhana terhadap perbaikan Down Score pada bayi prematur di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sambas, Kalimantan Barat.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan observasional analitik secara prospektif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah accidental total sampling, dan analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS dengan uji Wilcoxon.Hasil. Rata-rata Down score responden sebelum perlakuan adalah 4,50, sedangkan setelah perlakuan rata-rata menjadi 2,82. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai Z sebesar 4,097 dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,001 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan. Terapi oksigen Early Bubble CPAP sederhana efektif dalam memperbaiki Down score pada bayi prematur yang mengalami distress pernapasan.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Terapi Akupunktur dan Medikamentosa Terhadap Keberhasilan Terapi Nyeri Kanker pada Anak
Authors: Tyas Nike Estu Renaning , Jusuf Ahmad Aulia , Andriastuti Murti , Djaali Wahyuningsih
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang. Di Amerika Serikat, kanker anak mencakup 2% dari seluruh kasus kanker. Kemajuan protokol terapi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah meningkatkan prognosis pasien kanker anak secara signifikan, tetapi juga memunculkan masalah baru, seperti nyeri kanker. Nyeri yang tidak tertangani dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup, mengganggu tidur, meningkatkan sensitivitas nyeri, dan menyulitkan tindakan medis. Akupunktur terbukti efektif sebagai terapi tambahan bersama pengobatan farmakologis untuk mengatasi nyeri kanker, sekaligus mengurangi dosis analgetik dan efek sampingnya.Tujuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan obat analgetik, perubahan skor Visual Analog Scale S intra kelompok, dan keberhasilan terapi pada kelompok akupunktur dan medikamentosa dan kelompok medikamentosa saja pada nyeri kanker anak. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif dengan mengambil data di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Populasi terjangkau penelitian ini adalah pasien anak dengan nyeri kanker yang dirawat di Gedung Pusat Kesehatan Ibu Anak RSCM Kiara pada bulan Januari 2022- Juli 2023. Hasil. Kedua kelompok dapat menurunkan skor VAS dan terdapat beda signifikan. Akupunktur dan medikamentosa mempunyai peluang untuk dapat mengurangi penggunaan jenis obat analgetik, penggunaan ekstra obat dan pengurangan dosis total morfin harian, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Kedua kelompok memberikan hasil yang baik pada luaran keberhasilan terapiKesimpulan. Akupunktur dan medikamentosa mempunyai peluang untuk dapat mengurangi obat analgetik, mengurangi skor VAS, dan memberikan hasil yang baik untuk keberhasilan terapi, namun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.
The Effects of Alfapump on Ascites Control and Quality of Life in Patients With Cirrhosis and Recurrent or Refractory Ascites
Authors: Wong Florence , Vagas Hugo E. , Reddy K. Rajender , Pagadala Mangesh R. , Pocha Christine , Sundaram Vinay , Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Shlomovitz Eran , Bendel Emily , Capel Jeroen , Kamath Patrick S. ,   The POSEIDON Study Group
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

The alfapump system has been shown to be a possible alternative to repeat therapeutic paracentesis (TP) in selected patients with refractory ascites (RA). The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of alfapump on ascites control and quality of life in these patients.

METHODS:

Patients with cirrhosis and RA requiring ≥2 TPs 30 days prior were enrolled and followed for 24 months postimplant. Primary efficacy end point assessed at 6 months was reduction in paracentesis requirement; safety end point was device-related adverse events resulting in intervention, explant, or death.

RESULTS:

Forty patients with RA (mean Model of End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium: 15 ± 4) received an alfapump. TP requirement was decreased from 3.2 ± 1.5 sessions per month preimplant to 0.2 ± 0.6 sessions per month at 6 months postimplant (P < 0.001), with 77% of patients having ≥50% reduction. Six pumps (15%) were explanted within 6 months due to device-related adverse events, 3 (7.5%) due to pump site skin erosion, and 3 (7.5%) due to bladder discomfort. Twenty-four renal events occurred in the 0–6 month postimplant period; 16 cases were readily reversible stage 1 acute kidney injury. Ascites-related symptoms assessed with an Ascites Q score improved from 51.0 ± 19.3 preimplant to 32.2 ± 21.9 at 6 months postimplant (P < 0.001). Physical but not mental components of Short Form 36 improved (P < 0.001). The 5 deaths within 6 months postimplant were not directly related to the device or alfapump therapy.

DISCUSSION:

The alfapump system effectively controlled ascites, which improved quality of life. It may be considered as an alternative to repeat TP in select patients with RA. Complication rates were similar to those expected in patients with RA.
Realizing Islamic Education Based on Religious Moderation with the Wasathiyah Islamic Paradigm from the Perspective of the Qur'an
Authors: Yazida Ichsan  , Sahiron Syamsudin  , Zalik Nuryana  , Sukiman
Published: January 2025

Purpose – Today, Muslims face considerable challenges in the era of the industrial revolution. On the one hand, there is the threat of liberalization that erodes spiritual values and Islamic teachings fundamentally. On the other hand, there is radicalization that uses violence in the name of religion, such as threats, terror, disbelief, and murder. They are serious problems that require efforts to understand the linkage between intolerant behavior and religious teachings.
Design/methods/approach – This study is library research conducted through the steps of recording, clarifying, reducing, and presenting data using documentation methods from primary and secondary sources. The data analyzed by the content analysis method includes the meaning of wasathiyah Islam, religious moderation, the concept of wasathiyah Islam in the Qur'an, Surat Al-Baqarah verse 143, and moderation-based Islamic education.
Findings – This research found that religious moderation can be applied to Islamic Education subjects through various approaches. Subjects such as Aqidah, Akhlaq, Fiqh, Tarikh, and Al-Qur'an Hadith integrate the wasathiyah values by emphasizing tolerance, dialogue, justice, and benefit from an Islamic perspective. Learning approaches, like problem-solving, inquiry, and discussion, have encouraged students to think multiperspective, discover new knowledge, and respect the ideas of others, both inside and outside of school.
Research implications/limitations – This research provides important implications for the development of Islamic education based on religious moderation, especially through a curriculum that can integrate the values of tolerance, justice, and balance in learning. However, it is still limited to a literature approach, so further research is required with an empirical approach to measure the effectiveness of applying these values in various educational contexts.
Originality/value – This research offers a unique perspective by using the concept of wasathiyah Islam to support Islamic education based on religious moderation. The novelty value lies in the elaboration of the implementation of moderation in various subjects, such as Aqidah, Akhlaq, Fiqh, Tarikh, and Al-Qur'an Hadith, which can be a model for the development of inclusive and tolerant education.
How to develop a Code of Ethics for real-world labs
Authors: Dusseldorp Marc , Does Elisabeth , Hillerbrand Rafaela , Parodi Oliver
Published: January 2025

Codes of ethics play an important role in the practice of professional organizations, companies, and academia. We describe the process of developing a Code of Ethics for Real-world Labs of Sustainability, a form of practice with particular ethical challenges.Real-world lab (RwL)
work is characterized by particular ethical challenges that arise from the participatory and, above all, transformative nature of this form of practice. In response to the demand from the German-speaking community, Real-world Labs of Sustainability, we have designed and implemented a transdisciplinary
process to develop a code of ethics which should meet the requirements of the RwL community and, at the same time, be ethically reflective. In this paper, we describe and reflect on this process. It was initiated at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in 2022, involving KIT-affiliated
RwL practitioners and philosophers, and has subsequently been opened to a wider range of contributors. This article is also intended to present the full text of the draft Code of Ethics to a broader audience, and to encourage interested readers to give feedback on this draft. The feedback
will be considered in a revision of the text and will thus lead the way towards the actual RwL Code of Ethics.
Sustainable development and ethics of science ‐ mutual impulses and challenges. An introduction to the Special Focus
Authors: Potthast Thomas , Brand Cordula
Published: January 2025

Where, how, and to what extent are scientists and their institutions responsible for addressing interlinked environmental and societal challenges? The introduction to this Special Focus sets the stage for a systematic approach to the multifaceted debates regarding the ethical and epistemological
implications of linking science and sustainability.
Remarks on generalized derivations in factor rings
Authors: Sandhu Gurninder Singh , Singh Sukhchain
Published: January 2025

In this note, we point out some errors in [M. Zerra, K. Bouchannafa and L. Oukhtite,
On generalized derivations in factor rings,
Georgian Math. J. 32 2025, 1, 175–182]. Also, we give some insights on the open problems given in the same paper.
Gender Egalitarianism in Focus: An Integrative Synthesis of Empirical Evidence
Authors: Mihaľová Paulína , Lašáková Anna , Kottulová Janka , Musilová Magdaléna
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of prior research on Gender Egalitarianism (GE) as a societal culture dimension, where it has been employed as either a correlate or moderator in the analysis of various phenomena, including entrepreneurship, leadership, human resource management, and sustainability. Building on the analysis of a large sample of eighty-two works, the main aim of this paper is to comprehensively reflect on GE as a cultural dimension based on a synthesis of insights from previous empirical studies.
Dialogues of materiality: unravelling the agency of discourse and objects
Authors: Izadi Dariush , Luke Alex
Published: January 2025

Within current social science discourse, understanding the complex relationship between materiality, agency and discourse is crucially important for grasping the dynamics of social practices and action. This study employs a linguistic ethnography approach to examine the nuanced interplay between discourse, objects and participants within social interactions. Drawing from theoretical frameworks including mediated discourse analysis (MDA), actor-network theory and historical materialism, we explore how materiality and discourse form and coverage one another. Our analysis reveals that objects and discourse are not fixed and static entities but rather dynamic processes that mutually influence and constitute each other within social situations. We argue that while objects possess agency, they are mediated by human participants and broader social forces which emphasises the need for context-specific analysis and examination. Through a dialectical lens, we unpack the intricate ways in which material conditions inform and reflect social relations, demonstrating the role of objects as tangible manifestations of social processes. Our findings enhance a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between agency, materiality and discourse with implications for theories of practice and social interaction. By recognising the role of objects in shaping cultural practices and social dynamics, we enhance our understanding of the processes everyday social life.
Redundant voicing and register in Mnong Râlâm
Authors: Brunelle Marc , Đinh Lư Giang , Tạ Thành Tấn
Published: January 2025

Mnong Râlâm is a South Bahnaric language (Austroasiatic) that is traditionally described as preserving a voicing contrast in onset obstruents, contrary to other languages of the Mnong/Phnong continuum. Acoustic results yield evidence that this voicing distinction is less robust than previously suggested and is redundant with a register contrast realized on following vowels through modulations of F1 at vowel onset (and more limited variations of F2 and voice quality). A perception experiment also shows that F1 weighs heavier than closure voicing in identification. The existence of a language in which voicing and register are redundant allows us to revisit previous models of registrogenesis. It suggests that the acoustic properties of register may develop and become distinctive while voicing is still present rather than as a direct consequence of devoicing. The unexpected discovery of register in Mnong Râlâm also challenges previous reconstructions of Proto-South-Bahnaric, in which only voicing is postulated, based on hitherto limited available descriptive materials.
Power at play in paranormal history
Authors: Ferguson Christine
Published: January 2025

This article presents a collective object biography and discussion of the Cottingley Fairy artefacts – cameras, photographs, watercolour sketches and print materials – held at the National Science and Media Museum. I demonstrate how the controversial paranormal claims made about the Cottingley cameras by Arthur Conan Doyle and Edward Gardner relied on the manipulation and obfuscation of key episodes in their history of use, a strategy that worked to distance the objects from each other and from their young female working-class operators Frances Griffiths and Elsie Wright. My article seeks to both interlink and restore the lost episodes in the histories of these objects as a way of redressing the power imbalance between the plebeian producers and elite cosmopolitan popularisers of the world-famous fairy photographs. I suggest how a new curatorial approach to the materials might reject the familiar – and largely inaccurate – narrative of deliberate hoax and deception still widely attached to the case, and instead use them to tell a new story about the technological experimentation, artistic aspirations and social restrictions experienced by working-class girls in early twentieth-century Britain.
Tracing embodied knowledge in the history of science and medicine: expanding the role of film in historical research
Authors: Craddock Paul , Harris Anna
Published: January 2025

Tracing bodily knowledge in medical histories is a challenging task for researchers. Sensory, material and affective details are hard to find in archival sources and hard to put into words. Researchers have found different solutions to this challenge through techniques like re-enactment as well as visual methods such as photography and film, many of these being used in museum contexts. In this article we focus on film, as we believe it has more to offer for knowledge production than its current use in studies of history predominantly as an engagement tool in research communication, as a final research ‘output’ or ‘illustration’ for texts and objects. We suggest that film can be an important research method to: a) trace the research process; b) enhance collaboration especially in group projects; c) analytically help researchers to amplify sensorial details, through the possibility to rewind, freeze and focus on embodied action; and d) as a means of sharing research instead of text. Thus, extending from Lucien Taylor’s suggestion that ethnography could be conducted ‘filmically’, we argue that, like anthropologists, historians and museum specialists might also accommodate film as part of a serious research methodology, especially when it comes to respecting the integrity of embodied contributions to the history of science and medicine.
NARRATIVAS, HISTÓRIAS ASSOMBROSAS E PESQUISA VIDEOGRÁFICA NOS BAIRROS PADRE PALHANO E SANTA CASA NA CIDADE DE SOBRAL/CE
Authors: Silva Sheila Ramos da , Souza Clarisse Mendes de , Freitas Nilson Almino de
Published: January 2025

Esse artigo reflete sobre uma das obras relacionadas à linguagem audiovisual com a pesquisa antropológica realizada a partir do projeto “Cidades, bairros e memórias: percepção espacial, histórias da cidade de Sobral/CE, contada por seus moradores”. Esta pesquisa videográfica envolve o tema lendas urbanas, enfatizando as narrativas dos moradores dos bairros de periferia Padre Palhano e Santa Casa. O artigo mostra o percurso dessa pesquisa, suas conectividades com o ambiente e com os sujeitos protagonistas do cenário do documentário “Lendas urbanas, contos e assombrações” e a relação com o patrimônio cultural da cidade. O processo de produção do filme é um componente básico de constituição de um saber experiencial que serve de fonte para consolidação de um conhecimento antropológico sobre o tema patrimônio cultural.
Bizaanigo gaaggiiwaaban zhigo jinaanoondeshaamoodizowin
Authors: Blight Susan
Published: January 2025

Bizaanigo gaagiiwaaban zhigo jinaanoondeshaamoodizowin means stay “wild and restless” in Anishinaabemowin, the language of the Anishinaabe people. In this short visual and textual work, I am thinking alongside Dylan Robinson’s theories on fixed attention, fixed listening. In reference to Anna Jameson’s 1837 writings about “fixing (Indians’) attention” in order to civilize them, Robinson articulates that the “wild, restless habits” of Indigenous peoples obstructed the new attentional order that settlers sought to impose upon us. Here I am offering seemingly disparate practices of Ojibwe polyphonic sound from karaoke to traveling songs as wild and restless gestures toward freedom, joy, and the healing of grief.
Documenting scholarly journeys: 40:40:20—Pacific Women in the Academy
Authors: Bean T. Melanie P. , Powell Emma N. , Pasisi Jess , Malifa Eliorah
Published: January 2025

The podcast format is relatively new to Pacific scholarship in the humanities, with only a handful of examples produced in the last decade across the region. In this paper, we discuss our reasons for, and experience of, creating a podcast that documents Pacific women scholars and the various ways in which they break institutional glass ceilings. We outline the genealogical framework that shaped our methodological approach to producing the podcast, from recruitment and team dynamic to the curation and strengths-based framing we used to inform our decisions for the production and editing of the podcast. We then discuss the podcast format as one well suited to the collaborative approaches of Pacific women scholars and the power of dialogic knowledge-making forms that come from Indigenous epistemologies. The podcast format can liberate these methodologies from the restrictions of traditional text-based academic outputs and is a meaningful alternative to research methods that focus on the observation and evaluation of Pacific research subjects. Instead, the podcast is a way that powerfully presents Pacific women’s voices as they are: compelling, educative and transformational when presented together.
The evolution of kaitiakitanga in the 1980s: From the Manukau Harbour claim to the Resource Management Act 1991
Authors: Mills Keri , Muru-Lanning Marama , Lanning Gerald
Published: January 2025

The term kaitiakitanga, describing Māori customs of care for the natural world and other taonga (treasured entities), has become a cornerstone of environmental discourse in Aotearoa New Zealand. Its prominence in public policy can be traced to the 1980s, particularly through the leadership of Nganeko Minhinnick and Te Puuaha ki Manuka, a collective of Tainui hapū (kinship communities) connected to the Waikato River and Manukau Harbour. During this period, Nganeko Minhinnick advanced the Manukau Harbour claim before the Waitangi Tribunal, invoking kaitiakitanga as a central principle. At its core, the claim sought the restoration of Māori authority to exercise their traditional rights and responsibilities over the harbour. Claimants drew strategic parallels between kaitiakitanga and the existing institution of Lake Guardians, environmental advisory bodies tasked with protecting several of Aotearoa’s lakes. The Waitangi Tribunal subsequently recommended the establishment of a similar institution, the Kaitiaki o Manuka, to serve as Māori Guardians. While bureaucrats immediately embraced the idea, archival evidence shows that claimants quickly distanced themselves from it. They recognised that the transplantation of a Western advisory model into a Māori context undermined their broader aspirations for the substantive return of authority. This article examines the evolution of kaitiakitanga, from its emergence in the tireless leadership and work of Nganeko Minhinnick to its entry into resource management legislation in the 1980s, highlighting the challenges Māori have faced—and continue to face—in ensuring their concepts of environmental use and care are returned to prominence in Aotearoa.
Scientific aspects of Hāpaiali‘i heiau
Authors: Kim Albert S. , Sasaoka Brenton
Published: January 2025

A heiau is a Hawaiian pre-Christian place of worship composed of rocks and holding historical and cultural significance, with a variety of uses ranging from worship to rituals. The scientific origins of Hawaiian heiau have yet to be fully inspected in the literature. This paper covers Hāpaialiʻi heiau on the island of Hawai‘i and its main function as a seasonal calendar through continuous observation of the sunrise and sunset locations over the sea horizon. Understanding the calendar functionality of the heiau contributes an essential step towards understanding Hawaiians’ use of indigenous science. This study mathematically investigates the sacred structure’s functionality with numerical accuracy and scientific rigour. A brief overview of the history of the Kahaluʻu area and the surrounding heiau provides important context for the heiau’s significance. This study reports and analyses the heiau’s relevant history, cultural significance and reconstruction by Kamehameha Schools. The importance of the calendar lies in the determination of the responsibilities for the current season, indicating which crops are to be harvested and which fish are in the mating season. In the mathematical analysis, the coordinates of the stones within the heiau are independently measured using Google Earth and Google Maps. The relative distances and angles between the internal stones are calculated using Google Sheets and Matlab to discover the underlying sciences possibly used by ancient native Hawaiians.
The Green Investment Effect on the Regulation of Idle Well Management Cooperation Contract Schemes
Authors: Rahayu Sang Ayu Putu , Anitasari Rahayu Fery , Puteri Dina Silvia , Pratomo Nathanael Bayu Ajie , Setyawati Anak Agung Ayu Diah
Published: January 2025

This research delves into legal issues surrounding the impact of green investment on cooperation contracts managing idle wells in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Equatorial Guinea. In alignment with green investment principles, the Indonesian Government has implemented various schemes to enhance the effectiveness of exploration and exploitation activities in the oil and gas sector. Presently, efforts to boost oil and gas production involve reactivating idle wells, yet there is a regulatory gap concerning the transfer of this work to cooperation contract contractors. To address this, the study compares how Malaysia and countries in the Guinea Region, adopting green investment practices, manage idle wells. Employing a socio-legal methodology, the research draws on field research, legal sources, articles, journals, and related news. The findings highlight the crucial role of acknowledging the ongoing significance of oil and gas while recognizing the imperative to transition sustainably, exemplified by Indonesia's commitment and the potential application of the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) scheme in shaping the future of non-fossil energy sources in the realm of upstream oil and gas investment.
Characterization of applicator material for treatment of superficial lesions in brachytherapy
Authors: Chrisostomo Lamônica Juan Carlos , Morais Freitas Marcela , Oliveira Reis Mariana , Batista Nogueira Luciana , Marques Geraldo Jony , B Nascimento Clara , Mafra Arnoldo , Batista Adriana de Souza Medeiros
Published: January 2025

The treatment of superficial lesions by brachytherapy is performed using radioactive sources positioned inside tumors or at a short distance from them, to deposit the prescribed dose in the target volume. In the case of treating skin lesions, due to the proximity between the source and the patient's surface, it is important to use applicators that conduct the radiation source to the region to be treated, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the process. The treatment of keloids, for example, can be performed by brachytherapy. Considering that the applicators must undergo rigorous quality control, this study presents an evaluation of an applicator developed for the treatment of skin lesions, consisting of fifteen spheres of synthetic material, for use in High dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) equipment, model Nucletron Digital V3, equipped with an Ir-192 source. It was considered important to determine whether the spheres are suitable for medical use, direct contact with the patient's skin and sterilization methods. Furthermore, it was necessary to consider the material's resistance to the irradiation process, since the spheres must be used in multiple applications. In this sense, it was necessary to define the material of the spheres and, through this characterization, consider their suitability for the proposed use. Since the spheres were acquired with generic specifications, this study aimed to perform analyses to characterize the material, defining its composition. Consequently, the focus was to evaluate their safe use in the brachytherapy applicator.
A Bundled, Practice-Based Intervention to Increase HPV Vaccination
Authors: Szilagyi Peter G. , Fiks Alexander G. , Rand Cynthia M. , Kate Kelly Mary , Russell Localio A. , Albertin Christina S. , Humiston Sharon G. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Steffes Jennifer , Davis Kristin , Shone Laura P. , McFarland Greta , Abney Dianna E. , Stephens-Shields Alisa J.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates are suboptimal, and missed vaccination opportunities are common. We hypothesized that a bundled intervention improves missed HPV vaccination opportunities.

METHODS

We used a pre-post design to assess differences in HPV vaccine missed opportunities (visits when vaccine-eligible adolescents are not vaccinated). We compared rates for a 12-month period before vs those for a 6-month period (February 23, 2022, to August 9, 2022) during a bundled intervention. We implemented the bundled intervention in 24 primary care pediatric practices that had been usual care controls for a prior randomized trial. The bundled intervention involved 3 components: online clinician training on HPV vaccine communication, performance feedback on missed HPV vaccination opportunities, and clinician prompts for HPV vaccination. As a secondary analysis, we compared missed opportunities for these 24 practices vs 48 contemporaneous comparison group practices identified retrospectively.

RESULTS

For well-child care (WCC) visits, missed HPV vaccination opportunities were improved during vs before the intervention by 4.8 percentage points (95% CI, −7.2% to −2.4%) for initial HPV vaccine doses and a modest 2.2 percentage points (95% CI, −4.4% to −0.0%) for subsequent doses. For other visit types, findings ruled out changes beyond minimal improvements. Missed vaccination opportunity rates for initial HPV vaccination at WCC visits were similar for the 24 intervention practices vs the 48 comparison practices for a 4.5-year period before the intervention, but they improved for intervention practices and worsened for comparison practices during the intervention period (difference, −6.6%; 95% CI, −9.3% to −3.8%).

CONCLUSIONS

This bundled intervention appeared to improve HPV vaccination during WCC visits.