bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Characterization of Green Sand Mould Parameters for Understanding their Dynamic Behavior
Authors: Pandit Harshwardhan Chandrakant , Arunkumar Padmakumar , Deshpande Anand Sharad
Published: January 2025

Production of quality castings results from proper control of process parameters involved in casting. This study shows that the values of the selected green sand mold process parameters for an individual mold can be established by modeling and characterizing process parameters. Thus, proving the uniqueness of individual mold. This paper considers sand and melting parameters, which are traditionally assumed to be constant and the same over all the molds. However, this investigation has shown that the parameters are not constant but dynamic and change over time. The investigation establishes that no two molds are the same due to differences in their mold and melting parameters. The time series method has been incorporated into this study. Systematic predictive changes of the selected process parameters were observed, which can be utilized effectively for individual molds. Process parameters were recorded. A variation was found in the values of each parameter in different molds. Values can be obtained by regression analysis. Thus, this paper determines mold health by exclusively predicting the process parameter values of individual molds, which can be effectively correlated with the generation of casting defects.
Multi-Response Optimization of Process Parameters into Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) Machining Using Ti Grade 5 Alloy
Authors: Chaturvedi Chandrakant , Kumar Harish , Nagdeve Leeladhar
Published: January 2025

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining does not impact material quality and modern machining processes. The trials follow the Taguchi L25 orthogonal array and the workpiece material is Ti grade 5 alloy. The optimal process parameters are determined using response surface methodology and these parameters include transverse speed (TS), pressure (P), abrasive flow rate (AFR) and stand-off distance (SoD). The aim of this research is to identify, evaluate, and improve the impression of AWJ machining parameters on response variables (machining time [MT], surface roughness [SR], and hardness). Achieving this objective involves utilizing grey relational analysis in conjunction with principal component analysis. TS has the least influence on performance while AFR has the greatest. The best configuration for the lowest MT, SR, and Highest Hardness Rockwell C scale (HRC) is (AFR = 600 g/min, SoD = 4 mm, P = 20 kpsi, and quality = 5 approximately, speed 75 mm/min). Here, quality = 5 corresponds to a TS of approximately 75 mm/min and the factor AFR has the greatest impact on material machining performance, according to the analysis of variance, followed by factors P, standoff distance, and TS. The chronological sequence of influence is as follows: AFR > P > SoD > TS with contributions of 85.45%, 8.06%, 2.90%, and 2.09%, respectively. Experiments showed that the proposed methodology enhanced AWJ machining performance by 0.3665 which is represented as multi-response performance index.
Application of Low-Dimensional Manifold Modeling with Time Delay Embedding in Nonlinear Dynamics
Authors: Wang Zihao , Zhang Guiyong , Sun Tiezhi
Published: January 2025

The motion of a pitching airfoil at low Reynolds number and high angle of attack involves nonlinear dynamics and unstable characteristics, making it a fascinating area for research. In this study, the precise modeling of this complex fluid flow phenomenon is addressed. By combining manifold learning and time delay embedding theory, stable nonlinear low-dimensional manifolds are successfully extracted from the complex high-dimensional spatiotemporal data of the fluid system, simplifying the representation of intricate physical behaviors in space. Subsequently, utilizing the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) model, we establish a set of ordinary differential equations governing the flow field, thereby automatically detecting and simplifying nonlinear terms to enhance understanding of the essence of the flow field. This research provides an efficient and accurate approach for the analysis and control of nonlinear dynamic systems.
A Boundary Value Problem for Algebraically Accelerated Frequency of Mutations Governed by Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov Equation
Authors: Ponraj Anitha , Vaganan B. Mayil
Published: January 2025

A new generalized Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov equation [Formula: see text] is introduced and subjected to Lie’s Classical Method to establish the existence of the traveling waves. Indeed, exact expressions for both the solution [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and the wave speed [Formula: see text] are subsequently derived by the regular perturbation method and are shown to contain both the reports of Ablowitz and Zeppetella [Explicit solutions of fisher’s equation for a special wave speed, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 41(6) (1979) 835–840] when [Formula: see text] and Kaliappan [An exact solution for the traveling waves of [Formula: see text], Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 11(3) (1984) 368–374] when [Formula: see text], respectively. Remarkably, the generalized Huxley equation is a special case of our model equation. The form of the traveling waves for the Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov equations is identified with the regular perturbation method and the Binomial series. Our study is in agreement with the conclusion of Fisher [The wave of advance of advantageous genes, Annals of Eugenics 7(4) (1937) 355–369] that the increase of frequency of mutant genes results in the diffusion of the mutant genes into the long range.
The Correct Structures in Fuzzy Soft Set Theory
Authors: Acharjee Santanu , Medhi Sidhartha
Published: January 2025

In 1999, Molodtsov introduced soft set theory as a useful tool for handling uncertainty. Over time, it has been combined with fuzzy set theory to address complex problems involving vagueness. However, earlier attempts to define fuzzy soft sets contained errors that weakened the concept. This paper revisits Molodtsov’s ideas and presents a correct framework for fuzzy soft set theory. We refine key operations, such as union, intersection, complement, and various kinds of approximates; study their properties; and utilize matrix-based representations. The effectiveness of this improved framework is demonstrated through a practical example in decision-making.
SCALE-FREE CORRELATIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY-DRIVEN HYPERUNIFORMITY
Authors: HONG SUNGYEON , SAADATFAR MOHAMMAD
Published: January 2025

The collective arrangement of interacting agents often leads to the formation of polarized domains. Among a diverse range of biological and nonbiological systems, it has been generally understood that the absence of a characteristic scale of the aligned domains implies the readiness of a collective response to a sudden perturbation, which is known as a scale-free phenomenon. Here, we use a computational framework, namely Lloyd’s algorithm, to evolve a two-dimensional disordered point pattern to a hyperuniform pattern by using a simple interaction rule dictated by geometric and topological relations between each point and its nearest neighbors. Along the ordering transition, we show the development of hexagonal domains with aligned orientations, separated by nonhexagonal topological defects. As the system size increases, reflecting an increased number of interacting points therein, we find that the size of such orientationally correlated domains in a converged hyperuniform system scales linearly, indicating scale-free correlations. Furthermore, our research highlights the static geometric characteristics of ordered domains, offering a contrast to previous studies focused on dynamic variables such as velocities. This approach provides new insights into the collective dynamics and emergent behavior within complex systems.
A Contrastive Pretrain Model with Prompt Tuning for Multi-center Medication Recommendation
Authors: Liu Qidong , Qiu Zhaopeng , Zhao Xiangyu , Wu Xian , Zhang Zijian , Xu Tong , Tian Feng
Published: January 2025

Medication recommendation is one of the most critical health-related applications, which has attracted extensive research interest recently. Most existing works focus on a single hospital with abundant medical data. However, many small hospitals only have a few records, which hinders applying existing medication recommendation works to the real world. Thus, we seek to explore a more practical setting, i.e., multi-center medication recommendation. In this setting, most hospitals have few records, but the total number of records is large. Though small hospitals may benefit from total affluent records, it is also faced with the challenge that the data distributions between various hospitals are much different. In this work, we introduce a novel
Contrastive Pretrain Model with Prompt Tuning (TEMPT)
for multi-center medication recommendation, which includes two stages of pretraining and finetuning. We first design two self-supervised tasks for the pretraining stage to learn general medical knowledge. They are mask prediction and contrastive tasks, which extract the intra- and inter-relationships of input diagnosis and procedures. Furthermore, we devise a novel prompt tuning method to capture the specific information of each hospital rather than adopting the common finetuning. On the one hand, the proposed prompt tuning can better learn the heterogeneity of each hospital to fit various distributions. On the other hand, it can also relieve the catastrophic forgetting problem of finetuning. To validate the proposed model, we conduct extensive experiments on the public eICU, a multi-center medical dataset. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of our model. The implementation code is available to ease the reproducibility.

1
Rapid and Portable Detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) Ions Using a Screen-Printed Graphene Electrode Enhanced with Alkalized MXene and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Tao Huajin , Wang Nan , Ma Yitian , Xu Ahua , Huang Baoyu , Li Xiaogan
Published: January 2025

This study introduces the development of a portable electrochemical sensor for the detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions based on a screen-printed graphene electrode (SPGE) enhanced with alkalized MXene and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Experimental results reveal that the Au@Alk-MXene/SPGE electrode exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, enlarged active surface area, and efficient electron transfer capability, which enhances the electrochemical detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Under optimal experimental conditions, the sensor demonstrates good electrochemical response and distinct stripping peaks for both ions. The linear detection range of the sensor is 5–130 μg l−1 for both Pb(II) and Cd(II), with detection limits of 0.198 μg l−1 for Pb(II) and 0.106 μg l−1 for Cd(II). Furthermore, the sensor shows excellent repeatability with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.16% (n = 10) for Pb(II) and 1.25% (n = 10) for Cd(II), as well as remarkable reproducibility with RSD values of 1.56% for Pb(II) and 1.57% for Cd(II). The sensor was successfully applied to analyze tap water and lake water samples, demonstrating satisfactory recovery rates. This research shows the use of MXene and AuNPs to modify SPGE electrodes, offering a rapid and portable electrochemical sensor for detecting Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in water.
Chemical Reduction of Cu(OH)2/Cu(O,S) Bilayers Fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition to Form Adhesive and Low-Resistive Metallic Cu Layers on Glass Substrates
Authors: Kuwahara Haruka , Nakanishi Kota , Khoo Pei Loon , Fujita Naoyuki , Izaki Masanobu
Published: January 2025

Chemical reductions of Cu(OH)2/Cu(O,S) and Cu(O,S)/Cu(O,S) bilayers fabricated on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) was investigated through electrochemical measurements, X-ray diffraction, and evaluations of the electrical properties and adhesion strength by a tape-peeling test. The potential change during the chemical reduction in NaBH4 aqueous solutions was measured and discussed based on a mixed potential theory using the equilibrium potential calculated with chemical thermodynamics. The sheet resistance decreased from over 1 × 108 W/□ to 0.24 W/□, mainly due to the increase in the thickness, with the resistivity estimated to be 4.8 × 10–6 W cm. The metallic Cu layer showed adhesion strengths of 6.4 and 4.4 N cm−1 for maximum and average values respectively by tape-peeling test, without any detachment, but the Cu sheet peeled off from the glass substrate after the complete chemical reduction of the Cu(OH)2/Cu(O,S) bilayer. The Cu fragments formed by the chemical reduction of the Cu(O,S)/Cu(O,S) bilayer peeled off from the glass substrate, but the Cu(O,S)/Cu(O,S) bilayer showed the adhesion strengths of 6.7 and 4.0 N cm−1 for maximum and average values, respectively, by the tape-peeling test. Both the Cu(OH)2 and Cu(O,S) layers were indispensable to secure the Cu layer on the glass substrate.
MWCNT-PMB Modified Electrode for Enhanced Detection of Methiocarb Insecticide
Authors: El Fazdoune Mina , Bakirhan Nurgul K. , Bahend Khadija , Bazzaoui El Arbi , Bazzaoui Mohammed
Published: January 2025

A glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes poly (methylene blue) (MWCNT-PMB/GCE) was developed as a promising electrode for the electrochemical sensing of Methiocarb (MTC). The electrode was prepared by synthesizing a PMB layer using cyclic voltammetry at an optimized cycle number of 30, followed by the deposition of MWCNT on the surface. The resulting MWCNT-PMB film has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The results show enhanced electrochemical properties, including an increased active surface area (1.35 mm2) and improved conductivity (Rct = 15 Ω). These features contributed to improved sensitivity, selectivity, and a lower oxidation potential for detecting MTC. The electrochemical detection of MTC was carried out in Britton-Robinson buffer at an optimized pH of 5, using the differential pulse voltammetry method. The calibration plot exhibited linearity between 10 and 100 μM (R2 = 0.99) in the standard solution. The detection limit for MTC was determined to be 2.72 μM. Furthermore, the fabricated sensor was successfully applied to quantify MTC in human serum within the concentration range of 10–70 μM (R2 = 0.97), with a detection limit of 9.98 μM. The sensor demonstrated reliable performance with acceptable recovery results.
From the President: Symbiotic and United--Our Society's Mission Looking Ahead
Authors: O'Dwyer Colm
Published: January 2025

“ECS United” embodies the integration and interdependence that our modern-day technologies require—their power sources, their function, their capability, and how they add to the quality of life. What we all work on and what we will present at ECS meetings all contribute to the evolution of our way of life—and little exists in a vacuum anymore. In many of these technologies, a strong sense of symbiosis has also evolved. These days, it is difficult to find a device that does not contain a multitude of separate technologies developed to work with each other, that ultimately evolved to depend upon one another. You could argue that we all get great benefit from the technologies we create, and we develop better technology because we strive for new knowledge, meaningful interaction, and a better way of doing things that matter to us. When we look into our Society’s mission, its meetings and publication content, and the growing diversity in division activities and symposium topics, we also see this symbiosis mirrored.
Structural, Surface, and Optical Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Al:ZnO (NAZO) Thin Films Produced by a Thermionic Vacuum Arc Deposition Technology
Authors: Ozer Zehra Nur , Ozkan Mehmet , Pat Suat
Published: January 2025

Nitrogen (N)-doped Al:ZnO (NAZO) thin films were deposited on glass and indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by a thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) technique. The structural, surface morphology, and optical properties of the produced thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The microstructure properties of the produced thin films on two substrates were compared, and metal oxide phases were observed in the XRD patterns and photoluminescence spectra. 2.75, 3.10, and 3.30 eV band gaps were detected. The transmittance values were approximately 90% and 60% for the film deposited onto uncoated and ITO-coated glass, respectively. According to field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images, the crystallite size is nanoscale, and its dimensions are approximately 60 and 20 nm for the film deposited onto uncoated and ITO-coated glass substrates, respectively. Atomic ratios of zinc/aluminum were 9.25/0.56, and 5.42/0.22 for uncoated and ITO-coated glass substrate, respectively. All samples were coated with the same coating process, and no post-annealing process was applied to the sample.
Effect of (Bi0.5Na0.5)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 on the Phase Structure and Electrical Properties of (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.95Ta0.05)O3-Based Ceramics
Authors: Si Fan , Yin Qiyi , Chen Chen , Du Zhongrui , Hu Kunhong , Zu Hao , Ma Hang , Cao Xiaobo , Meng Yunhui
Published: January 2025

Piezoelectric ceramics are a kind of electronic ceramic materials with piezoelectric characteristics, which are widely used in various fields because of their unique electromechanical conversion characteristics. The Curie temperature (T

C
) and piezoelectric constant (d
33) are increased to ensure that the ceramics have good performance at higher operating temperatures. In this study, (1-x)(K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.95Ta0.05)O3-x(Bi0.5Na0.5)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid phase sintering process. By controlling the doping amount of (Bi0.5Na0.5)(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3(BNZT), (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.95Ta0.05)O3-based ceramics are in the polycrystalline phase boundary. The multi-scale test shows that the polycrystalline phase boundary is successfully established. At 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.03, the orthogonal phase (O) coexists with the tetragonal phase (T); at 0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.05, the rhombohedral phase (R) coexists with the tetragonal phase (T). At room temperature when the group is x = 0.04, the ceramics have excellent performance: k

p
= 43%, d
33 = 357 pC/N, T

C
= 331 °C, ε

r
= 1457, E

C
= 12.05 kV cm−1, and P

r
= 18.86 μC cm−2. It is shown that adjusting the phase transition temperature by changing the doping amount of BNZT is very effective for improving the properties of the ceramics.
Ethical engagement with artificial intelligence in medical education
Authors: Mondal Himel
Published: January 2025

The integration of large language models (LLMs) in medical education offers both opportunities and challenges. While these artificial intelligence (AI)-driven tools can enhance access to information and support critical thinking, they also pose risks like potential overreliance and ethical concerns. To ensure ethical use, students and instructors must recognize the limitations of LLMs, maintain academic integrity, and handle data cautiously, and instructors should prioritize content quality over AI detection methods. LLMs can be used as supplementary aids rather than primary educational resources, with a focus on enhancing accessibility and equity and fostering a culture of feedback. Institutions should create guidelines that align with their unique educational values, providing clear frameworks that support responsible LLM usage while addressing risks associated with AI in education. Such guidelines should reflect the institution’s pedagogical mission, whether centered on clinical practice, research, or a mix of both, and should be adaptable to evolving educational technologies.
External Validation of SHA2PE Score: A Score to Predict Low‐Risk Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ahmad Akram I. , El Sabagh Ahmed , Zhang Jennie , Caplan Claire , Al-Dwairy Ahmad , Bakain Tarek , Buchanan Faith , Fisher Lea , Wilbur Andrew , Marshall Samantha , Buechner Garrett , Hamzeh Malaak , Dhanjal Rachna , Boos Alexander , Sequeira Lynette
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) frequently leads to emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, encompassing a spectrum of outcomes from spontaneous resolution to intrahospital mortality.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to validate a scoring system designed to identify cases of low‐risk LGIB, allowing for safe discharge from the ED.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all gastrointestinal bleeding cases presented at three EDs in 2020 was conducted, focusing specifically on patients with LGIB. The SHA2PE score incorporates factors such as systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin levels, use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications, pulse rate, and episodes of bright blood per rectum.

Results: Out of 1112 patients presenting with LGIB to the ED, 55 were hospitalized, 20 required blood transfusions, 15 underwent colonoscopies, one underwent interventional radiology procedures, and two patients died. Employing a SHA2PE score with a cutoff value of 1 yielded a specificity of 78.5% (95% CI (confidence interval) [75.8–81.0]), sensitivity of 76.8% (95% CI [63.6–87.0]), positive predictive value (PPV) of 17.0% (95% CI [12.6–22.2]), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.3% (95% CI [97.2–99.1]) for predicting the need for hospitalization and intrahospital intervention. When considering return visits to the ED within 7 days with the same presentation, the score demonstrated a specificity of 78.8% (95% CI [76.0–81.3]), sensitivity of 68.6% (95% CI [56.4–79.1]), PPV of 19% (95% CI [14.3–24.4]), and NPV of 97.2% (95% CI [95.8–98.2]).

Conclusions: The SHA2PE score demonstrates potential in predicting cases of low‐risk LGIB, offering a high NPV for hospitalization, the need for intrahospital intervention, and return visits to the ED. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the low prevalence of interventions and limitations in the study’s population and design.
Knowledge of Kidney Disease Among Allied Health Sciences Undergraduates: A Cross‐Sectional Study in the University of Cape Coast
Authors: Opoku Victor Obiri , Yankey Theophilus Junior , Essuman Mainprice Akuoko , Osei George Nkrumah , Attoh Tetteh , Ephraim Richard K. D.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Knowledge of kidney disease (KD) is an essential element that is needed in the scope of every healthcare professional. This study assessed the level of awareness and understanding of allied health sciences undergraduates of University of Cape Coast regarding KDs and their risk factors.

Methodology: Among the regular allied health sciences undergraduates of the University of Cape Coast, a cross‐sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022. A well‐structured questionnaire on knowledge of KDs and their risk factors was administered to consented participants. Data were analyzed accordingly using R Studio statistical software version 2022.02.3.

Results: The study involved 383 participants (the majority being males (52.7%)) with an average age of 22.23 ± 3.03 years. Age (p < 0.001), year of study (p < 0.001), program of study (p < 0.001), frequency of 30 min of exercise per week (p = 0.002), and body mass index (p = 0.023) showed statistically significant differences between males and females. The mean knowledge score of KD was 20.86 ± 3.88 (out of a maximum score of 27) with the majority of study participants having a high knowledge of KD (61.9% (237/383)). High knowledge level was observed for types and stages, diagnosis, and risk factors for KD (76.8% (3.84/5), 75.3% (5.27/7), and 81.6% (8.98/11), respectively) while moderate knowledge level was observed for signs and symptoms (69.3% (2.77/4)). Multivariate analysis showed that participants were found to be more knowledgeable about KDs if they indicated taking alcohol (OR = 5.96; 95% CI = 2.01–22.35; p = 0.003), being in second (OR = 3.27; 95% CI = 1.22–9.02; p = 0.020) or fourth (OR = 4.72; 95% CI = 1.63–14.37; p = 0.005) year of study, or classified themselves as being underweight (OR = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.22–15.85; p = 0.033). Students reporting alcohol use had almost six times higher odds of high KD awareness compared to those who did not report alcohol intake (OR = 5.96, 95% C = 2.01–22.35, p = 0.003).

Conclusion: This study revealed an adequate knowledge level of KDs and their risk factors among allied health sciences undergraduates. However, an inadequate knowledge of its signs and symptoms was observed indicating a need for improved training.
Initial Characterization and Outcome Assessment of Anal Lymphomas in a Large-Size Contemporary Cohort: A Population-Based SEER Database Study (2000-2022)
Authors: Loap Pierre , Kirova Youlia
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Anal Lymphoma (AL) is a rare presentation of extranodal lymphomas, characterized by occurrence in the anal area and largely understudied due to its infrequency. This study aims to address gaps in knowledge about AL's demographic and clinical profiles, treatments, and survival outcomes, leveraging data from the SEER program.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 79 AL cases identified in the SEER database from 2000 to 2022; 36 stage I AL were identified and defined as localized primary anal lymphoma (L-PAL). Data on demographics, tumor specifics, treatment modalities, and survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: The majority of AL cases were Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (70.9%). Other notable subtypes included Anaplastic T-Cell Lymphoma (ATL), Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL), B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (BCL), Burkitt Lymphoma/Leukemia (BLL, each accounting for 6.3%), followed by Follicular Lymphoma and Mantle-Cell Lymphoma (each at 1.3%). AL primarily affected younger males (median age 50), with a significant majority being Caucasian. Initial stages (I and II) were more commonly observed, and treatments varied, with chemotherapy being most prevalent (67.1%), followed by radiation (30.4%) and surgery (30.4%). The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 59.4% and 44.1%, respectively, while the corresponding cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were 67.9% and 58.0% respectively. Age was a significant prognostic factor for OS but not for CSS. Radiotherapy tended to improve CSS in the AL population.

Conclusion: This research correspond to the first in-depth analysis of AL, highlighting its distinct demographic patterns, clinical features, and responses to various treatments, distinguishing it from other types of anal cancers. Our results underscore the importance of developing specialized diagnostic and treatment strategies. To enhance our understanding and management of this uncommon form of lymphoma, future studies should aim for broader and more collaborative international research efforts.
Severe hypomagnesemia in a patient treated using carboplatin co-administered with vonoprazan
Authors: Taniguchi Osamu , Saito Yoshitaka , Yamaguchi Yuka , Sakai Midori , Ikezawa Yasuyuki , Sakakibara-Konishi Jun , Eguchi Mina , Takekuma Yoh , Sugawara Mitsuru
Published: January 2025

Introduction: We describe a case of severe hypomagnesemia that occurred during treatment with carboplatin (CBDCA) and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) for lung adenocarcinoma when co-administered with vonoprazan. Case Presentation: A man in his 70s was diagnosed with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma and received CBDCA and nab-PTX as the first-line treatment. The patient had been taking omeprazole 10 mg once daily (for >3 years) for gastroesophageal reflux disease, but it was switched to lansoprazole 15 mg because of hospital's adopted medication. During the first treatment cycle, his serum creatinine levels increased from 1.0 to 1.5 mg/dL, suggesting CBDCA-associated renal impairment. Because of gastric discomfort on day 15 of the second cycle, lansoprazole was switched to vonoprazan 10 mg once daily. On day 23 of the second cycle, he developed torsades de pointes and was hospitalized; severe hypomagnesemia (0.4 mg/dL) was detected to be causing the symptoms. Discontinuation of vonoprazan and a single intravenous infusion of 60 mEq magnesium sulfate raised serum magnesium levels to 3.7 mg/dL and the arrhythmia disappeared. Mild hypomagnesemia (1.4 mg/dL) reappeared five days later, and an additional intravenous infusion of 20 mEq magnesium sulfate with subsequent oral magnesium oxide (1980 mg/day) resolved the symptoms. CBDCA was discontinued and nab-PTX monotherapy was continued. Vonoprazan was resumed owing to gastric discomfort relapse; however, grade ≥2 hypomagnesemia did not reappear later. Conclusions: This case highlights the risk of severe hypomagnesemia in patients with CBDCA and vonoprazan co-administration; therefore, regular monitoring of serum magnesium levels during the treatment is crucial.
Beyond the Limit: Salvaging the Posterior Circulation Territory via Late Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Aliñab Ryan , Soliven Jo Ann , Jocson Victor Erwin , Sarapuddin Gemmalynn
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Posterior circulation infarctions, particularly basilar artery occlusions, contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in ischemic stroke. However, literature supporting mechanical thrombectomy in the posterior circulation, especially beyond the 24-h window, is limited. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 64-year-old male diagnosed with basilar artery occlusion who underwent a successful mechanical thrombectomy 11 days after symptom onset. Despite complications such as hemorrhagic transformation and herniation, the patient was stabilized and showed functional improvement 3 months post-stroke. Conclusion: This case suggests that delayed thrombectomy may provide benefits for selected patients, even beyond the recommended 24-h window. Further research is essential to refine treatment strategies and potentially extend the intervention window for posterior circulation strokes.
Adverse Events Associated With Surgically Implanted Temporomandibular Joint Devices
Authors: Fritz Christian , Wei Kimberly , Ng Jinggang , Lakshmipathy Deepak , Rajasekaran Karthik
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common, yet potentially debilitating syndrome that negatively impacts patient quality of life. In patients with severe variants of TMD, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) devices have been utilized to replace the joint altogether. However, the risk profile and consequent cost-benefit ratio of these devices is largely debated. This report aims to provide further insight on the safety of surgically implanted TMJ devices by analyzing adverse events from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.
Methods:
Inclusion criteria consisted of all MAUDE reports from January 2013 to January 2023 containing the keyword “TMJ.” Duplicate reports, pre-implantation events, reports extrapolated from published literature reviews, and those not related to TMJ implants were excluded from analysis. Adverse events were extracted, reviewed, and categorized according to complication type, management strategy, device manufacturer, causes of device malfunction, and reporting timeframe. Non-parametric χ2 and Levene’s test were used to compare average values between groups with a two-tailed p value of 0.05 being considered statistically significant.
Results:
A total of 385 adverse event reports were reviewed. The most common complications were infection (59, 25.9%), ankylosis (57, 25.0%), and pain (33, 14.5%). The most common device failures were implant malposition (28, 39.4%), implant dislodgement (22, 31.0%), and screw osseointegration failure (11, 15.5%). Upon assessment of revision surgeries, those undertaken to address infections had the highest rate of device explantation (77%). In a separate analysis of 28 adverse events submitted directly by patients, infection was most common self-reported complication (42.9%). Comparison of device manufacturers revealed that Biomet implants had significantly more reports of pain (χ2 = 10.21, p = 0.003), whereas Stryker implants had more infections (χ2 = 29.87, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
In summary, this in-depth analysis of adverse events provides a safety profile of TMJ implants. Understanding the complication types, management strategies, and outcomes according to device manufacturer may help set patient expectations and improve patient care.
Clinical and Molecular Findings in 17 Patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: Four Novel Variants and an ANKRD11 gene variant
Authors: Çetinkaya Duygu , Altan Mustafa , Ceylan Ahmet Cevdet , Kılıç Esra
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by prenatal-onset growth retardation, with typical facial findings that include bushy eyebrows, synophrys, long and thick eyelashes, ptosis, antevert nostrils, long philtrum, and thin and downward sloping vermilion. The syndrome is caused by mutations in NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, HDAC8, and ANKRD11 genes encoding cohesin complex proteins that maintain a chromatin structure in cell proliferation. In recently reported cases, new genes that are not involved in the cohesin complex but clinically cause CdLS have been identified. With these newly identified genes, the term chromatinopathies has been offered for this syndrome as it is more inclusive. Patients with the syndrome are classified as classical CdLS or CdLS-like phenotype according to their clinical features. Methods: The clinical and molecular results of 17 new cases of CdLS are reported. Results: The patients, who were between 2 months and 12 years of age, all had unique facial findings as well as growth retardation. Congenital malformations accompanying the syndrome in the patients were different. The molecular analysis showed genetic etiology in 13 patients, of which 2 were deletions and 11 were pathogenic missense variants in the NIPBL, HDAC8 and SMC1A genes. And of these variants, 4 had not been reported previously. Conclusion: By presenting the clinical and molecular results of these CdLS cases, it was aimed to expand the clinical spectrum, contribute to a better understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship, and highlight the importance of molecular methods used in the diagnosis of genetic diseases.
Osthole ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Liu Peiqiang , Fan Wenjun , Xu Yu
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Osthole, a naturally occurring coumarin derivative, has been isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Cnidium monnieri. This compound exhibits a range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of osthole in tissue remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP).
Methods: The effects of osthole on nasal polyp (NP) formation were examined within a mouse model of NPs induced by cigarette smoke (CS). The detection of polypoid changes and goblet cell metaplasia was achieved through the use of haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, respectively. The levels of TGF-β1, matrix metalloproteinases 2, 7, 9, and 12 (MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, MMP12), as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in nasal lavage fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was employed to ascertain the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, ZO-1, α-SMA and vimentin), as well as the activity of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. The expression of E-cadherin in nasal epithelium was determined through immunohistochemistry.
Results: In the OVA+SEB or CS-exposed NP mouse model, osthole was observed to reduce the incidence of polypoid changes and goblet cells, while simultaneously increasing the expression of E-cadherin in the epithelium when compared to the CS-treated group. After treatment with osthole, the levels of TGF-β1, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9 and MMP12 in nasal lavage fluid were observed to decrease, while the levels of TIMP-1 were found to increase. In vitro, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was observed to down-regulate the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1, while simultaneously up-regulating the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. Moreover, osthole up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 while down-regulating the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. This effect of osthole was reversed by PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway agonists.
Conclusion: Osthole attenuates CS exposure-induced EMT via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for its clinical application in the treatment of CRSwNP.
Reforming United Nations Ocean Governance
Authors: Derrig Ríán
Published: January 2025

This commentary examines a proposal, currently supported primarily by the European Union, to establish an Intergovernmental Panel on Ocean Sustainability (IPOS). It contextualises this proposal by explaining the broader perception of a set of problems with international ocean governance. While emphasising that the IPOS is a good idea, the commentary highlights that its lack of attention to reform of the legal and institutional architecture through which ocean governance is delivered is a potential problem. One way to address this would be to complement IPOS’ orientation towards unifying scientific knowledge by empowering an attached governance body to coordinate how the scientific advice tendered by the IPOS is implemented, or to design an alternative body.
Dietary substitution of fishmeal by yellow mealworm and its effects on growth and metabolism-related gene expressions in Acipenser stellatus
Authors: Safari R. , Hoseinifar S.H. , Azadi H. , Hoseinpour Delavar F. , Pakzad M. , Jafari V. , Gasco L. , Nedaei Sh. , Panahi Sahebi H.
Published: January 2025

Yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Y-MW) was replaced at 5%, 10% and 20% ration levels with fish meal in the diet of the stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus in view of reducing the consumption of fish meal and after that the effects of this replacement were investigated. Fish were fed four dietary regimes in three replicates for two months including: CTRL: fish fed a diet containing full fish meal diet, M5: fish fed a diet substituted by 5% full fat Y-MW, M10: fish fed a diet substituted by 10% Y-MW, M20: fish fed a diet substituted by 20% Y-MW for 2 months. Y-MW at substitution level of 10-20% increased WG and FW, although the FCR values showed an improvement than control only in the fish of 10% Y-MW (). Use of Y-MW, especially at 10-20% substitution levels stimulated the expression of genes involved in growth, energy metabolism and immunity (). Dietary Y-MW had no effect on the concentration of liver metabolic enzymes in serum (). The lysozyme activity elevated in response to 10-20% Y-MW compared to the control fed fish (). The Ig levels showed a significant increase in all Y-MW treated groups compared to the control fed fish, in which the highest levels were observed in fish of 20% Y-MW (). Y-MW also affected some immune components of mucus. SDS-PAGE analysis of mucus proteins suggested some differences in protein profiles of the control fed and Y-MW fed fish. The pattern and intensity of the protein bands changed in response to dietary Y-MW. The results of the present research showed that the replacement of fish meal up to 10-20% by Y-MW in the diet of the stellate sturgeon can even improve growth and immunity.
Laparoscopic Warshaw Procedure for Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms in Children
Authors: Ram Chirag , Cassella Katharyn , Niec Jan A. , Hilmes Melissa A. , Correa Hernán , Shipe Maren E. , Zamora Irving J. , Lovvorn Harold N.
Published: January 2025

Background

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) arising in the body or tail of the pancreas can be amenable to laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with or without concomitant splenectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for SPN using the Warshaw technique as a means to preserve spleens in children.

Methods

We reviewed our database of SPN patients 19 years and younger (January 2006-December 2023). Five had a laparoscopic Warshaw procedure. Using the volumetric analysis tool in Sectra, a pediatric radiologist calculated preoperative tumor, pancreas, and spleen volumes (including postoperative organ volumes) on computed tomography. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results

All five spleens were salvaged, although small infarcts occurred centrally in four patients. Splenic volumes on first imaging after Warshaw averaged 93.9% of preoperative size. Splenic volumes were preserved over time, as the most recent scans averaged 110.6% of the preoperative spleen volume. Collateral flow through the short gastric arteries, inferred from dilation on scans, increased in all patients. Median tumor volume was 85.2 mL, and all SPN were resected with negative margins. No relapse occurred (median follow up: 407 days). Median estimated blood loss was 100 mL, median length of procedure was 4.9 hours, and median inpatient length of stay was 3 days. A multimodal pain regimen, including preoperative TAP blocks, non-opiate, and opiate medications, resulted in a median 81 Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MMEs) administered during the hospital stay.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic Warshaw for SPN in children appears highly effective at preserving splenic volume without compromising oncologic fidelity or consuming excess inpatient resources.
Focusing Effects on Laser-Induced Plasma Parameters: Applications to a Graphite Target Under Martian Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Benbaier Kouider , Abdelmalek Ahmed , Bedrane Zeyneb , Melikechi Noureddine
Published: January 2025

Under various atmospheric conditions, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful technique for elemental analysis, including in Earth- and Mars-like environments. However, understanding the plasma behavior and its dependence on ambient pressure and laser parameters remains a challenge. In this study, a numerical model based on a three-temperature Eulerian radiation framework under non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions is employed to investigate the interaction of a nanosecond laser pulse with a graphite target under helium (He) and carbon dioxide (CO2 atmospheres. The aim is to provide insights into the effects of focusing conditions and ambient pressure (3 to 9 mbar and 1000 mbar) on plasma parameters relevant to both Earth- and Mars-like settings. Our results show that increased ambient pressure significantly enhances electron and ion densities, while the focusing conditions influence the temperature and fluid velocity of plasma species, as well as the spatial distribution and intensity of the plasma, ultimately affecting its diagnostic potential. These findings are critical for optimizing LIBS applications in planetary exploration and contribute to improving quantitative analyses under varying atmospheric compositions.
‘We are not sheep, I believe it is my choice’: Vaccine hesitancy and institutional agency among middle-class mothers in Russia
Authors: Borozdina Ekaterina
Published: January 2025

Scholars frequently associate vaccine hesitancy with the effects of neoliberalism, including healthism culture, intensive mothering ideology, and a decrease in institutional trust. This article contributes to the discussion by exploring this link outside of established democracies, in a society that diverges from liberal principles on both political and institutional levels. Using qualitative interviews with middle-class Russian mothers, I trace how their doubts about vaccination reflect the specificities of neoliberal parenting in the contradictory post-socialist context. Research findings show that the mix of statist and neoliberal trends in Russian welfare translates into parents’ different perspectives on (state) institutions. This heterogeneity, in turn, leads to variation in their vaccine hesitancy, with parents oscillating between civic and consumerist critiques. Disunity of views and political restrictions on grassroots activism hinder mothers’ open opposition to vaccination. However, my interviewees still demonstrate institutional agency. They exercise it by developing informal workarounds and navigating paid healthcare options. As mothers repeatedly enact those diverse solutions, they routinize vaccine-hesitant parenting scripts and stimulate the development of organizational niches for unvaccinated children at the margins of the established welfare system.
Examination of ChatGPT’s Performance as a Data Analysis Tool
Authors: Koçak Duygu
Published: January 2025

This study examines the performance of ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI and widely used as an AI-based conversational tool, as a data analysis tool through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). To this end, simulated data were generated under various data conditions, including normal distribution, response category, sample size, test length, factor loading, and measurement models. The generated data were analyzed using ChatGPT-4o twice with a 1-week interval under the same prompt, and the results were compared with those obtained using R code. In data analysis, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value, total variance explained, and the number of factors estimated using the empirical Kaiser criterion, Hull method, and Kaiser–Guttman criterion, as well as factor loadings, were calculated. The findings obtained from ChatGPT at two different times were found to be consistent with those obtained using R. Overall, ChatGPT demonstrated good performance for steps that require only computational decisions without involving researcher judgment or theoretical evaluation (such as KMO, total variance explained, and factor loadings). However, for multidimensional structures, although the estimated number of factors was consistent across analyses, biases were observed, suggesting that researchers should exercise caution in such decisions.
‘I am man, I am woman’: Gendered experiences of refugee resettlement in the United States
Authors: Wachter Karin , Shaw Stacey A
Published: January 2025

This mixed-gender and multi-method analysis examined gendered experiences among resettled refugees (n = 88) in the United States. Quantitative analyses revealed significant gender differences, with women reporting lower levels of employment and higher emotional distress. The qualitative analysis generated three themes: (1) shifting and expanding expectations of women, (2) gender disparities in education, and (3) gendered experiences of discrimination. Study findings elucidate the ways how gender shapes the lived experiences and outcomes of resettled refugees. The discussion examines implications for social work research and practice, including social work’s role in further developing this area of work.
Past Marking in Australian Aboriginal English on Croker Island: Local Versus Cross-Variety Patterns and Principles
Authors: Hackert Stephanie , Laliberté Catherine , Mailhammer Robert , Wengler Diana , Zeidan Ronia
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate variable past marking in Australian Aboriginal English as spoken on Croker Island, Northern Territory. Employing data from twenty speakers and both mixed-effects regression and random forests, we show that despite a high degree of individual variability the occurrence or non-occurrence of a past-marked verb is subject to conditioning factors that are known from other varieties of English, most notably lexical and grammatical aspect and marker persistence. Moreover, the constraints governing the preverbal marker bin relate in systematic ways to those governing inflection. Our results suggest that the specifics of contact influence may be less relevant to explaining variable linguistic processes such as past marking than more general discourse-pragmatic and cognitive principles of language variation and change. This has implications for the debate about the uniqueness of creole languages, which have often been considered a language type like no other.