bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2104 – The Effects Of Sport And Aggression On Society
Authors: Wessels A. , Joseph J.E.
Published: July 2013

Society continues to be plagues by conflicts, wars and a lack of respect for the fundamental principles around the respect for life. Sport does impact on the psyche and behaviour of people and should be used to enhance the livelihood of human survival. Sport can create a higher level of consciousness which encourages for peace, kindness, respect and co-operation as opposed to competition. Aggression reinforces negative emotions and social tendencies which limit human progress and can lead to violence and conflicts.

Boxing, football and rugby are all sports which have become the norm, their degree of insighting aggressive tendencies have not been questioned and they have become acceptable methods of sport for society. Is this what society terms as morally acceptable? The repercussions of sport that releases aggressive emotions on societies will be examined. Does sport which releases aggressive feelings lead to violent societies? The paper will touch on passive sport as a means of creating peaceful societies for all. Violence and a lack of respect for another being, promotes for dysfunctional societies. Often sport allows for clear winners and looser allowing for confrontation at an event. Violence and aggression can be used interchangeably.

Spectator violence and forceful contact sport has allowed for society to become immune to violence and this is a grave challenges.

The paper will conclude that there is a direct link between peaceful societies who practice passive forms of sport as opposed to violent states who promote for sports which releases aggressive emotions.
2111 – Severity Of Trauma Experiences, Cognitive Impairs, Depressiveness And Anxiety Of War Veterans Who Suffer From Ptsd
Authors: Aljukić N. , Hasanović M. , Pajević I.
Published: July 2013

Aim

Our aim was to asses the severity of trauma experiences, cognitive impairs, depressiveness and anxiety of war veterans who suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Subjects and methods

A sample consisted from war veterans who were clinically treated because of PTSD (n=50) and healthy controls who accepted to participate voluntarily in this study (n=54) who were recruited in local association of war veterans. We used Harvard trauma questionnaire (HTQ) for assessment of PTSD, Hopkins Check Scale SBCL 25 for assessment of depressiveness and anxiety, and mini mental status (MINI) for assessment of cognitive impairs.

Results

Mean age of tested subjects was 50.6 (SD=5.2) years, with no significant differences between groups: PTSD group was 50.3 (SD=6.0) years and no PTSD group was 50.9 (SD=4.4) years (df=1, F= 0.337, P= 0.563, ANOVA). War veterans who were treated from PTSD reported significantly more multiple trauma experiences 21.9 (SD=5.7) than their peers without PTSD 13.7 (SD=5.8)(F=52.213, P< 0.001, ANOVA). The score of severity of cognitive impairs was significantly lower of PTSD group. 22.6 (SD=3.7) than veterans without PTSD 26.6 (SD=2.1) (F=47.028, p< 0.001, ANOVA). War veterans with PTSD had significantly higher severity of depressiveness 3.0 (SD= 0.5) and anxiety 3.2 (SD= 0.6) than their peers without PTSD (1.4±0.4; 1.7±0.5, respectively) (F=241.979, p< 0.001; F=193.021, P>0.001, respectively, ANOVA).

Conclusion

War veterans who were clinically treated from PTSD reported significantly more trauma experiences, they were more depressive and anxious and also they were more severe cognitive impaired, than their peers who did not suffer from PTSD.
2115 – Older Adult's Adjustment To Aging And Spirituality: a Multiple Correspondence Analysis
Authors: von Humboldt S. , Leal I.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To analyze the indicators of adjustment to aging (AtA) and to investigate the latent constructs that can work as major determinants in spirituality for a cross-national older community-dwelling population.

Methods

Questionnaires were completed, assessing participants’ background information. Interviews were performed, addressing one core area: indicators of AtA. Complete data were available for 154 older adults, aged between 75-103 years (M = 86.6, SD = 6.98) from two different nationalities. Data was subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analyzed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA).

Results

The most prevalent response of the interviewed participants for indicators of AtA was ‘spirituality’ (43.2%) whereas ‘financial stability’ was the least referred indicator of AtA (10.3%). ‘Spiritual activities’ was the most reported response regarding ‘spirituality’ (20.0%). Spirituality for older adults was explained by a three-factor overall model: ‘spiritual and existential meaning’, ‘limit-related awareness’ and ‘community embeddedness’.

Conclusions

The findings presented in this paper emphasized the need to explore the potential of spirituality to AtA and the need for improving the spiritual dimension of health care for the older population.
2116 – Self-reports Of Age And Adjustment From English And Portuguese Community-dwelling Older Adults
Authors: von Humboldt S. , Leal I.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To analyze subjective age (SA) and the contributors to adjustment to aging (AtA) identified by older adults and to investigate the latent constructs that can work as major determinants in SA and AtA in an older population.

Method

Measures were completed, using a variety of appropriate methods, including demographics and interviews. Complete data were available for 108 older adults aged between 75-99 years (M=81.1; SD = 6.43). Data was subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analyzed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA).

Results

The most prevalent response of the interviewed participants for contributors to AtA was ‘sense of limit and existential issues’ (20.2%). ‘With congruence’ (29.3%) was identified as the most frequent SA response. AtA and SA for Portuguese elderly were explained by a three-factor model: ‘integrated’, ‘involved’ and ‘young-at-heart’. A three-dimension model formed by ‘attentive’, ‘driven’ and ‘connected’ was indicated as a best-fit solution for English elderly.

Conclusions

AtA is related to SA in older adults in both samples. The results presented in this paper stressed the underdeveloped potential of an adjustment and age overall model for this population.
2117 – Analyzing Occupational Stress, Sources Of Stress And Stress Management Strategies Through The Eyes Of Consultants
Authors: von Humboldt S. , Leal I.
Published: July 2013

To date, little research has yet focused in broad assessment for consultancy professionals. This investigation aims to analyze consultants’ self-perceptions of occupational stress (SPoOS), sources of stress (SoS) and stress management strategies (SMS) and to find latent constructs that can work as major determinants in consultants’ conceptualization of SPoOS, SoS and SMS. Measures were completed, including demographics and interviews. Complete data were available for 39 consultants, aged between 23-56 years (M=38.0; SD = 9.2). The data were subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analyzed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Results indicated that ‘intellectual disturber’ (31.4%) was the most referred SPoOS, ‘high workload’ (15.1%) was identified as the most prevalent perceived SoS, and ‘coaching’ (19.0%) was the most mentioned SMS. SPoOS was explained by a two-factor model: ‘organization-oriented’ and ‘person-oriented’. A three-dimension model formed by ‘job concerns’, ‘organizational constraints’ and ‘career expectations’ was indicated as a best-fit solution for SoS and SMS was best explained in a three-dimension model by ‘group dynamics strategies’, ‘organizational culture strategies’ and ‘individual support strategies’. This research makes a unique contribution for a better understanding of what defines SPoOS, SoS and SMS for consultants.
2118 – Cognitive Functioning Negatively Correlated With Severity Of Trauma Experiences, And Symptoms Severity Of Ptsd, Depressiveness And Anxiety In Bosnia-herzegovina War Veterans After 1992–1995 War
Authors: Aljukić N. , Hasanović M. , Pajević I.
Published: July 2013

Aim

Our aim was to investigate is there association between level of cogmitive funtionings and severity of PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, amd anxiety symptos.

Subjects and methods

We tested 104 war veterans on presence of PTSD, depression symptoms, anxiety, and level of cognitive functionongs.We used Harvard trauma questionnaire (HTQ) for assessment of severity of PTSD symptoms, Hopkins Check Scale (SBCL 25) for severity of depressiveness and anxiety, mini mental status (MINI) for severity of cognitive impairs.

Results

Mean age of tested subjects was 50.6 (SD=5.2) years. The score of the cognitive functionings negatively correlated to severity of trauma experiences (Pearson's r -0.310, p= 0.001), to PTSD symptom severity and depressiveness (Pearson's r=-0.649, p< 0.001; r=-0.606, p< 0.001, respectively). Besides that the score of cognitive functioning negatively correlated with presented anxiety (Pearson's r=-0.566,p< 0.001).

Conclusion

Trauma experiences severity, PTSD symptoms severity, depressiveness and anxiety symptoms severity decreised cognitive functiongs in war veterans seventeen years asfter war 1992-1995 quited in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
2124 – Assessment And Treatment Of Patients With Violent Behaviors In Emergency Psychiatry. The Hcr-20 Violence Risk Assessment Scheme
Authors: Sinani L. , Kola V. , Cenko F. , Elezi F. , Balaj K. , Saraci J. , Dervishi P. , Gjolena G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Violent behavior of patients is a common problem in emergency psychiatry and evaluation, diagnosis, management and treatment of which is very difficult.The absence of a test that could be used to predict violent behavior hampers proper decision in the case of emergency admissions, as well as discharge from the hospital. The application of such a test would upgrade assessment offering solve this problem.

Objective

To identify risk and protective factors of violent behaviors : to establish the degree to which the HCR-20 predicts the frequency and severity of violent behavior; to examine the predictive validity of the scales of the HCR-20.

Goal

Improve assessment, management and treatment of patients with violent behaviors in the psychiatric ward.

Method

Prospective cohort study, during 24 weeks. Psychiatric evaluation based on structural clinical interviews and questionnaires related to violent behaviors and risk factors were conducted to patients admitted in psychiatric hospital on UHC “Mother Tereza” Tirana.

Results

According to our data, the relationship between violence and mental illness vary considerably across different diagnoses.

The highest rate of violence is reported in subjects with substance abuse disorder and antisocial personality disorder followed by Bipolar disorder and psychotic patients.

Among the risk factors verified so far, the past violence behaviors reported show the highest predictive value.

Conclusions

HCR-20 tool has currently shown good results to roughly estimate probability of future violence and taking appropriate measures in order to prevent unwanted consequences.
2133 – Late-onset Bipolar Disorder: Literature Review And a Case Report Of Inaugural Acute Mania On An Eldery Woman With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Oliveira C.A. , Agostinho C.S. , Avelino M.J. , Paixão L.S.M. , Jara J.M. , Bento A.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Recent estimates suggest Bipolar disorder (BD) affects approximately 1% of the population, with diagnosis often made during late adolescence and early adulthood, and that it is lower in the elderly (up to 0.1%). The initial onset of BD generally presents with depressive episode, but an initial maniac episode is not uncommon, although it becomes less likely with increasing age. In spite of the fact that elderly is a growing population in developed countries there are only few studies on late-onset BD (LOBD). Its etiopathogenesis and heterogeneity are complex, sharing several commonalities with organic brain diseases, which is denoted on frequent neuroimaging white matter hyperintensities, and involves higher medical and neurological burden.

Objectives and aims

To provide a comprehensive review reporting prevalence, features, course and comorbidity on LOBD. Additionally to report one selected case, intending to better understand this patient's subgroup.

Methods

The literature was systematically reviewed by searching on PubMed and reference psychogeriatric textbooks. We have selected one case of an elderly woman with LOBD with inaugural acute mania episode associated with previous diagnosis of Parkinson disease.

Results

Distinguishing older adults with BD by early or late age at onset have limited clinical usefulness, although LOBD patients are more likely to have an organic mental disorder superimposed and more extensive and severe cognitive impairments, as well as vulnerability to extrapyramidal symptoms.

Conclusions

This case-report and literature review suggests that LOBD as a distinct diagnostic entity by its different presentation and etiology, and consequently different treatment, needs further investigation.
2135 – Survey Of Newry & Mourne Primary Mental Health Care Referral System
Authors: Towobola A. , Cotter P.
Published: July 2013

Aims

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of the new, centralised (regional) referral system on the local Primary Mental Health Care (PMHC) Service, two years after inception.

Background

Prior to the Single Point of Entry (SPOE) system, which is also known as triage, referrals were sent directly to each Consultant Psychiatrist and Community Mental Health Team by General practitioners (GPs). Theoretically, the new referral system should streamline referrals using resources efficiently, make access to mental health easier and reduce the time patients wait to be seen after referral.

Method

Via user-satisfaction questionnaires, we conducted an on-line survey of GPs and the PMHC team in the Newry and Mourne area over a period of three months, asking for their views on the SPOE system.

Results

The response rate for GPs was 28.3% (17), and 68.4% (13) for PMHC team. 65% of GPs and 85% of the PMHC team felt the new referral system was moderately or very effective overall. Both groups agreed that the time patients wait to be seen after routine referrals should be shortened. Emerging themes from qualitative analysis include the need to improve communication, training of staff and access to patient records during triage.

Conclusions

The low GP response rate suggests that Mental Health services should obtain more effective ways of engaging GPs in service development. This study indicates that the single point of entry system is effective overall but needs improvement in terms of accessibility and adequate communication between GPs, PMHC team and triage staff.
2140 – Epidemiological Study Of The Characteristics In Suicide Attempts Referred To Liaison Psychiatry Service In Gnh St. Panteleimon
Authors: Tzannes P. , Lyrakos G.N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The role of general hospital in dealing with patients following suicide attempt has been discussed considerably lately.

Aim

Of the present study is the epidemiological record of referrals characteristics following suicide attempt.

Material

36 of 256 patients referred to the specialist liaison team of the Psychiatric Department, 16-62(M = 33.6 ± 14.5) years old.

Method

Psychiatric interview and record of demographic characteristics of the sample was used. Statistics analysis was undertaken using SPSS.16.

Results

13 men and 26 women. 36 were pathological cases with drug poisoning, 1 deliberate self-harm case with the use of sharp object, 1 fall and 1 deliberate self-harm with the use of gun. 15 diagnoses by ICD10 were recorded, with the majority of the patients suffering from adjustment disorder (47.8%), while 7, 9% had no psychopathology. 5 were admitted in the psychiatric ward, 8 needed psychiatric follow up, 5 psychological support, 2 were prescribed combination therapy, 4 pharmacotherapy, 2 were transferred to outpatient special unit, to 5 no treatment was recommended, and 6 refused admission. There was statistically significant difference (t = 3.756 p = .001), between average ages of individuals committing suicide attempt with psychopathology (M = 42.1 ± 13.5) and no psychopathology (M = 26.8 ± 11.5), but not between genders (t = -.355 p = .725). Gender is irrelevant to psychopathology existence (x2 = 9.506 p = .301) and treatment (X2 = 4.625 p = .201). Increased attempts were observed for both genders and psychopathology existence but not statistically significant (x2 = .056 p-.832) and (x2 = .165 p = .303) respectively.

Conclusions

The major percentage of adjustment disorders agrees with the common percentages of bibliography. The wide range of interventions reflects the psychosocial model.
2148 – Agomelatine Augmentation In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Tzavellas E. , Karaiskos D. , Ilias I. , Liappas I. , Paparrigopoulos T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Augmentation treatment has been the subject of several studies in treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). We hypothesized that medications with a dual action on the melatoninergic and serotoninergic systems may be of use in treatment-resistant OCD.

Objectives/aims

In this open label study we investigated the efficacy and safety of agomelatine augmentation in treatmentresistant OCD.

Methods

Twelve patients, aged 18–50, fulfilling OCD criteria, with no response to a 16-week or longer treatment with a selective serotonine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) at the indicated dose, were assigned to receive agomelatine augmentation. Subjects were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and were screened for treatmentemergent side effects at baseline, week 8 and week 12 of treatment.

Results

The overall Y-BOCS score fell during the duration of the study (all comparisons among baseline, 8th week and 16th week were statistically significant, p < 0.01). On the obsession Y-BOCS scale a drop was noted, which led to statistical significance at the 16th week of the study (p < 0.05). Regarding the compulsion Y-BOCS scale a drop was also noted, particularly from baseline to the 8th week of the study (p < 0.01). Dizziness (16.6%) and headache (8.4%) were the most often reported side effects of treatment.

Conclusion

Agomelatine could be efficacious and well tolerated as an augmenting agent in refractory to treatment OCD. Further controlled studies are warranted to explore the efficacy of agomelatine, as well as the potential role of circadian rhythm modulation both in the pathophysiology and treatment of OCD.
2151 – Psychosocial Rehabilitation: Issues And Problems Of The Developing Countries
Authors: Varma V.
Published: July 2013

Psychosocial rehabilitation can be viewed in terms of the impact of mental illness on social functioning so as to contain the illness-related problems. In the developing countries, there is need to develop approaches for both social and occupational rehabilitation. Most developing countries lack resources to be applied to this end, e.g. state-supported welfare programmes, sheltered workshops, half-way houses, etc. Hence models need to be developed suited to the need, constraints and the philosophy of the country.

The approach to supervised housing has been much developed in the West. In this regard, a basic question is the applicability and implementation of the formal, “democratic”, egalitarian set-up of such half-way homes to the traditional social structure of many developing countries. The functioning of half-way homes in the West also involves deliberate role-playing.

Thus, half-way homes need to be adapted in the traditional societies. The formal structured may be replaced by an organization resembling a large family with the members assigned filial roles. Also, the dependency needs, the respect for elders and the indulgence and dependability of members towards each other can be exploited in the organization of half-way homes and for the therapeutic and health-promotive goals.
2153 – Changing Family Structure And Mental Health Services In The United States
Authors: Varma V.
Published: July 2013

There has been a sea change in the United States, for example, in the last 30-40 years in family integrity and support. The classical dyadic marital relationship for life has largely disappeared. In olden days, there used to a husband and a wife, wedded for most of adult life, and the resultant children, all full siblings. It has given way to what has been described as serial monogamy. In addition, there has been a large-scale increase in living together without marriage. Children can be full siblings, half-siblings and step-siblings. It is often difficult to keep track of them, even for the persons concerned. It creates major strains for children. “Your children and my children are beating our children.”

At the same time, the U.S. suffers from a continuing problem in providing for health care services, often hotly debated. About 15% of the total population does not have any health insurance and lacks the resources to meet health care costs. It is much higher for minorities and the poor. More importantly, as much as about 30% of the mentally ill lack it. As opposed to many other countries, the U.S. does not have a state-supported universal health care coverage. A major problem in outpatient services in mental health centres is to arrange medication for the patients.

Many third world countries are toying with the idea of private health insurance. The U.S. experience is a lesson for them, to be seriously considered.
2162 – The Effective Bipolar Disorder In The Childhood. About a Case
Authors: Márquez Ligero F.J. , Delgado Duran T.
Published: July 2013

Our case is about a 7-year-old male sent our consulting room to be studied because of a possible ADHD. A low expressive language withizing a speech therapist's treatment. The patient presents symptoms that consist of impulsiveness, low tolerance to the frustration, motive hyperactivity and disruptive behaviour at school and family situations. During his evolution the above mentioned disruptive behaviours are confirmed, the consist if isolate episodes o psycomotive excitement and heteroaggressiveness, most of the time without previous factors which caused it. After the onset of neuroleptic treatment, It's observed a notable improvement about patient's symptomatology, though his case is still been studied.

The bipolar disorder in children and teenagers is a controversial topic from which many studies that support it don’t exist at the moment. It's estimated an advantage of 0.3% – 0.5% in patients under 10-year-old. Its showing is atypical and diffuse, emphasizing the behavioral alterations, the explosivity showed as “effective storms”, the early hyperactivity and the presence of psychotic symptoms, though specific diagnostic criterias for these ages have not been elaborated. As approximately 50% of these patients have been diagnosed of ADHD previously, we consider that this clinical case is important because the main symptoms of Bipolar Disorder appear during the childhood.
2172 – Lithium Treatment In 25 Octuagenarians Affected By Mood Disorders
Authors: Raja S. , Raja M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The aim of the study is to provide information about lithium effectiveness and safety in the treatment of very old patients with mood disorders.

Subjects

All patients aged ≥75 years attending our private practice in the past 10 years.

Results

We treated 183 subjects aged ≥75 years. 25 were in the lithium group and 138 in the no-lithium group. Bipolar disorder diagnosis and history of previous suicide attempts were more frequent in the Li group. Mean duration of lithium treatment was 31.3 ± 35.0 months. Mean daily dose of lithium was 390 (± 178.5) mg. Treatment with lithium was associated with better Clinical General Impression-Improvement scores than other psychopharmacological treatments. Rates of discontinuation were not significantly different between lithium and other treatments. In no patient, hypothyroidism or renal failure were major clinical problems.T4 treatment (a proxy for hypothyroidism) was prescribed to 8 (32%) of lithium-treated patients. Lithium was withdrawn in 6 (24%) patients.

The reasons for the suspension of lithium were:

1)

Unproven effectiveness of the drug for the individual patient.

2)

Occurrence of serious cardiac or renal disease, independent of the use of lithium.

3)

Erratic and unpredictable metabolism of lithium in the very elderly.

4)

Poor compliance (two cases).

5)

Age related spontaneous mitigation of the disease.

Discussion

Lithium can be valuable in the treatment of elderly patients, with adequate precautions. Elderly patients require lithium dosages that are 25 to 50% lower than those used in younger individuals. A single bedtime dosing regimen is recommended.
2173 – Psychiatric Symptoms In Patients Affected By Huntington Disease
Authors: Raja M. , Piano C. , Petracca M. , Bentivoglio A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiology of psychiatric symptoms in patients with Huntington Disease (HD).

Subjects and methods

All patients affected by HD attending our Movement Disorder Clinic in a 3-year period were evaluated by the Unified Huntington’ Disease Rating Scale and by the BPRS.

Results

Among 70 patients, 61 (87.1%) presented depressive symptoms in the course of illness, 56 (80.0%) anxiety, 36 (51.4%) manic symptoms, 47 (67.1%) irritability, 15 (21.4%) delusions, 9 (12.4%) hallucinations, 23 (32.9%) obsessivecompulsive symptoms, 57 (83.7%) apathy, 28 (40%) aggressiveness/violence, 26 (37.1%) suicidality, and 29 (41.4%) dementia.

Discussion

The results show that the nature of psychiatric manifestations cannot be generalized across all patients with HD for several reasons:

1)

in the course of HD, symptoms change spontaneously reflecting the degenerative pathogenesis of the disease;

2)

the phenomenology of symptoms depends on age of onset, patient's gender, number of CAG triplets, gender of the affected parent;

3)

drugs used to improve motor symptoms have psychiatric side effects which superimpose and merge with the mental abnormalities of the disease;

4)

Huntington’ gene is just one of the 30,000 expressed in the brain.

Therefore, the symptoms induced by the disease depend not only on the specific abnormal gene causing the disease but also on patient's general genetic background of both paternal and maternal origin, and on personal non genetic factors.

Rather than standardized approaches, the continuous re-evaluation of psychopathological dimensions in the individual patient with HD is essential for the proper management.
2177 – Neuroanatomical Changes Associated With Subthreshold Depression In Adolescents
Authors: Vulser H. , Paillere-Martinot M.-L. , Lemaitre H. , Miranda R. , Artiges E. , Goodman R. , Penttilä J. , Struve M. , Fadai T. , Kappel V. , Poustka L. , Conrod P. , Banaschewski T. , Barbot A. , Barker G.J. , Büchel C. , Flor H. , Gallinat J. , Garavan H. , Heinz A. , Ittermann B. , Lawrence C. , Loth E. , Mann K. , Paus T. , Pausova Z. , Rietschel M. , Robbins T.W. , Smolka M. , Schumann G. , Martinot J.-L. ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Although neuroimaging studies suggest brain regional abnormalities in depressive disorders, it remains unclear whether abnormalities are present at illness onset or reflect disease progression.

Objectives

We hypothesized that cerebral variations were present in adolescents with subthreshold depression known to be at high risk for later full-blown depression.

Aims

We examined brain structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images of adolescents with subthreshold depression.

Methods

The participants were extracted from the European IMAGEN study cohort of healthy adolescents recruited at age 14. Subthreshold depression was defined as a distinct period of abnormally depressed or irritable mood, or loss of interest, plus two or more depressive symptoms but without diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode. Comparisons were performed between adolescents meeting these criteria and control adolescents within the T1-weighted imaging modality (118 and 475 adolescents respectively) using voxel-based morphometry and the diffusion tensor imaging modality (89 ad 422 adolescents respectively) using tract-based spatial statistics. Whole brain analyses were performed with a statistical threshold set to p< 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons.

Results

Compared with controls, adolescents with subthreshold depression had smaller gray matter volume in caudate nuclei, medial frontal and cingulate cortices; smaller white matter volume in anterior limb of internal capsules, left forceps minor and right cingulum; and lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity in the genu of corpus callosum.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that adolescents with subthreshold depression have volumetric and microstructural gray and white matter changes in the emotion regulation frontal-striatal-limbic network.
2180 – Non-suicidal Self-injury And Interpersonal Violence In Suicide Attempters
Authors: Sahlin Berg H. , Moberg T. , Hirvikoski T. , Jokinen J.
Published: July 2013

There is increasing evidence for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a risk factor for future suicidal behavior. Although sparse, research has shown that individuals who engage in both NSSI and suicide attempts (SA) have more complex psychopathology, lower psychosocial functioning and more self-rated aggression and impulsivity than individuals with NSSI alone or SA alone. Both exposure to interpersonal violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as an adult are risk factors for completed suicide. The current study compares characteristics of suicidal behaviour and interpersonal violence in suicide attempters with and without a history of NSSI. A total of 100 suicide attempters (33 men and 67 women) were enrolled in the study and assessed with Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) and Karolinska Suicide History Interview concerning interpersonal violence and NSSI.

Results

There was a high degree of comorbid NSSI in our sample of suicide attempters (44%). Suicide attempters with both behaviours reported more interpersonal violence as adults (Z=3.0, p=0.003) and more severe suicidal behaviour compared to suicide attempters without NSSI. Comorbid NSSI in suicide attempters seems to be related to severity of suicidal behaviour differently in male and female suicide attempters. Comorbid NSSI in suicide attempters may increase suicide and violence risk, and methods for assessment of both violence and NSSI are important for targeting and intervention.
2184 – Effectiveness Of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (g-cbt) In Bipolar Affective Disorder Patients
Authors: Kopsahili I. , Papadaki R. , Giakoumaki S.G. , Tsapakis E.M.
Published: July 2013

Background

Our aim was to examine the role of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (G-CBT) in increasing compliance to pharmacological treatment, and in preventing relapse in BPD type I (BPD-I) patients participating in group CBT at ‘Aghios Charalambos’ Mental Health Centre.

Methods

Forty patients [20 female and 20 male, age range 30–55 years, mean age 45 years] diagnosed with BPD-I attended a 60 min G-CBT session twice a week for 16 weeks. All patients were normothymic and stable on medication before entering G-CBT. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to monitor mood symptoms at 3 time-points (baseline, on completion of the 16 weeks’ period and at the one year follow-up visit). Objective and subjective functioning was rated using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) at the same time points. Treatment provided was based on CBT principles and was conducted by two CBT-trained psychologists.

Results

Separate one-way ANOVA's with time interval (3 levels; baseline, 16 weeks, 1 year) as the between-subjects factor, for each scale were conducted. Both the GAF scale's and mood scale's scores increased significantly in the post-treatment stage at 16 weeks and at the 1 year follow-up visit.

Conclusions

The combination of G-CBT and pharmacological treatment proved to be effective in significantly improving adherence to treatment in patients undergoing bipolar affective disorder rehabilitation both following 16 weeks of G-CBT and at the 1 year follow-up visit.
2186 – Puerperal Madness: a Case Report
Authors: Rodrigues S. , Cortinas A. , Costa I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Postpartum psychosis occurs in 1 of 500 mothers, with rapid onset in the first 2-4 weeks after delivery. It is considered a psychiatric emergency and usually results in inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Infanticide is one of the most serious risks of postpartum psychosis.

Objective

The purpose of this article is to report a clinical case of Postpartum Psychosis.

Methods

Case study and review of the literature.

Results

A 38 year old woman developed a clinical picture characterized by agitation, irritability, mood swings, hyperactivity, disorganized behavior and insomnia, within the first week after delivery. She had no history of mental illness and no family history of mood disorder. The patient was hospitalized to study this first episode of Psychosis occurring after the childbirth of her second son.

Discussion and conclusion

Postpartum psychosis impacts 0.2% of women of childbearing. The recurrence rate is about one in four pregnancies. Postpartum psychosis is considered a psychiatric emergency due to the potential for catastrophic suicide and/or suicide. Treatment with haloperidol should be used with caution, because dangerous side-effects including neuroleptic malignant syndrome have been reported. The newer neuroleptic drugs, seem to be safer. Women with a history of bipolar disorder or postpartum psychosis are at extremely high risk of relapse postpartum. Some authors recommend initiating prophylactic treatment immediately postpartum in women with a history of psychosis limited to the postpartum period.
2188 – Cognitive Decline And Somatic Complaints In War Veterans And Former Young Prisoners Of Nazi Concentration Camps
Authors: Evstegneeva N. , Mikhailova E.
Published: July 2013

Background

Many studies suggest that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in some children after severe stress may become a chronic mental illness. According to Peters J.J. (2006), PTSD is associated with the acceleration of age-related memory decline. At the same time, this disorder is characterized by dissociative reliving of the trauma. Guez J. (2011) proved that traumatic stress is linked to a deficit in associative episodic memory. Although PTSD is associated with chronic pain, while there is evidence for reduced pain sensitivity in this disorder.

The aim of our study was to compare the level of cognitive impairment, as well as the intensity and frequency of disturbing physical symptoms (pain), and the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke) in two groups of patients: the first one - former war participants, and the second one - former young prisoners of Nazi concentration camps.

All patients have suffered severe stress associated with war in the past. We had evaluated the patients’ complaints, and studied their medical history, emotional state, cognitive functions and coping strategies.

Results

Our patients from second group more often had high blood pressure somatic complaints proved to be significantly more frequent in this group, demonstrating reduced tolerance to pain in former prisoners. They also had the tendency to depressive reactions and poor performance on cognitive tests.

However, in patients with PTSD verbal memory was better than without PTSD in both groups.
2189 – Ganglioglioma And Psychosis - An Unusual Association
Authors: Bairrão M. , Viveiros V. , Barbosa A.
Published: July 2013

Gangliogliomas are rare tumors, comprising less than 1% of all brain tumors, predominating in the early decades of life, with strong association with long term intractable epilepsy. In 90% of the cases they are located in the temporal lobe and overall a good prognosis is expected.

With this poster the authors report a case of a 38-year-old male patient, clinically stabilized with psychotropic drugs, who was diagnosed for six years with undifferentiated schizophrenia. Recently, he started with seizures which lead to the diagnose of ganglioglioma. Due to the need of surgical resection the psychotropic drugs were suspended. Consequently, the psychotic symptoms reappeared with more intensity and resistance to the treatment.

A retrospective and detailed analysis of the psychiatric and neurologic diagnosis conducts to a thorough discussion over the possible associations between these two entities without excluding an eventual causality. The authors aim to review and discuss the relevance of this topic, highlightening the racional use of imaging studies in order to exclude organic diseases in patients with first episode psychosis.
2194 – Association Between Lower Limb Edema And Acute Mania
Authors: Hochman E. , Krivoy A. , Weizman A. , Fischel T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Lower Limb Edema (LLE) is a common finding among admitted psychiatric patients in general and is associated with agitated state. Possible explanations include general medical condition and treatment adverse effects.

Objectives

To determine association between LLE and the type of psychiatric exacerbations among hospitalized patients.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using medical data from 2529 patients admitted to Geha mental Health Center between 2002 and 2012. Incident cases of LLE and the type of psychiatric exacerbation were included. A logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for LLE among patients admitted to psychiatric hospital for manic episode, psychotic episode or depressive episode.

Results

Lower limb edema was diagnosed in 95 of 2529 admitted patients (3.8%). Edema was found in 38 of 366 cases of manic episode (10.4%), 41 of 1563 cases of psychotic episode (2.6%) and 16 of 600 cases of depressive episode (2.7%).OR of LLE was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.7-6.7) for manic episode vs. psychotic episode and 4.2 (95% CI, 2.3-7.6) for manic episode vs. depressive episode. Applying a multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, number of past admissions, length of hospitalization, substance abuse, cardiovascular and endocrine co-morbidities, pulse, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and blood test results did not substantially altered the risk for LLE associated with manic episode vs. psychotic episode(OR, 4.1 [95% CI, 1.6-9.9]).

Conclusions

Admission to psychiatric hospital for manic episode was associated with significantly increased risk for LLE.
2195 – An Evaluation Of The Dual-pathway Model Of Binge Eating In Italian Adolescent Boys: a Longitudinal Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Dakanalis A. , Clerici M. , Timko A.C. , Berrone C. , Favagrossa L. , Pagani Bagliacca E. , Riva G. , Zanetti A.M. , Volpato C. , Madeddu F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Studies conducted with American and Australian samples of pre-adolescents and adolescent girls support the tenets of Stice and colleagues’ dual-pathway (DP) model. The DP model is a cohesive framework for understanding how sociocultural pressures are translated into behavioural and negative affect risk factors potentially promoting binge eating. Males are likely to exhibit sub-threshold binge eating disorder and are roughly equal to females in regard to the number of cases of any binge eating. To date, only preliminary support has been provided for the validity of the DP model's core predictions with adolescent males.

Objectives

The current prospective study examined the suitability of the DM model in other western cultures (such as an Italian one) where adolescent boys are characterised by high levels of eating and body-related disturbances in response to sociocultural pressure.

Method

221 Italian adolescent boys (Mage = 14.9) were examined at Baseline and after 1-year through semi-structured clinical interviews and self-reported measures. Data were analysed via a latent variable longitudinal structural equation modeling approach.

Results

Perceived pressure and internalization of societal ideals regarding male body shape led to body dissatisfaction, which in turn led to dietary restriction. Both body dissatisfaction and dietary restriction predicted negative affect, which in turn predicted binge eating. However, data did not support the relationship between body mass index and body dissatisfaction or between dietary restriction and binge eating.

Conclusions

The prospective validity of the DP model was partially supported in adolescent boys: body dissatisfaction predicted binge eating only via negative affect.
2196 – The Association Between Body Image Issues And Women's Sexual Functioning Through The Lens Of The Objectification Theory
Authors: Dakanalis A. , Riva G. , Timko A.C. , Volpato C. , Clerici M. , Zanetti A.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Physical appearance is a major component of human sexuality. Body image is associated with females' sexual functioning; and poor body image is strongly related to sexual functioning problems (SFP). SFP are becoming more pervasive throughout Western culture. Objectification Theory (OT) provides a framework for understanding how sociocultural pressure is translated into psychological risk factors that promote body concerns and SFP. Previous research indicated that the core constructs of OT (body monitoring, body shame and appearance anxiety) predicted higher self-consciousness, which according to a recent review of 57 empirical studies, interferes with sexual responses and experiences during sexual activity.

Objectives

The central purpose of the current study was to build upon the extant literature by incorporating internalization of the norms for body shape and weight portrayed by the media and self-consciousness during sexual activity into the OT model. Thus, we aimed to examine a more comprehensive model of women's SFP (i.e., lacking interest in sex, inability to achieve orgasm, trouble achieving or maintaining an adequate lubrication) grounded in OT.

Methods

Data were analysed from 391 sexually active Italian college women (Mage = 20.9) using latent variable structural equation modeling approach. Results. Internalization of media ideals led to body surveillance, which was related to body shame and appearance anxiety. The latter were related to self-consciousness during sexual activity, which in turn strongly women's SFP.

Conclusions

The study points to the role of body-image attitudes in sexual functioning and suggests that OT provides a useful framework to identify predictors of women's SFP.
2197 – Prevalence And Comorbidity Of The Autistic Disorder In School Age Children In Crete-greece
Authors: Efthimiou A. , Skounti M. , Philalithis A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Prevalence of autistic disorder (AD) has increased dramatically in the last three decades. The comorbidity of the disorder with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established, but current diagnostic criteria do not allow a dual diagnosis. In Greece, neither the prevalence of autism nor its comorbidity has been adequately examined.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of AD in schoolchildren in Crete and to assess its comorbidity with ADHD.

Methods

The initial sample was consisted of 7,661 children randomly selected. The study was conducted in two stages. Screening was based on school records. Only children with diagnosis of autism from the formal child psychiatric diagnostic centers were included in the sample. For each autistic child, the Teachers Report Form and the ADHD-IV scale were applied.

Results

Out of 7,661 children, 25 (0.3%) had AD. The estimated prevalence was 0.5% for boys and 0.1% for girls (p< 0.0001). Ten children (40%) fulfilled DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Age and gender were found to be associated significantly with the presence of ADHD. The most prevalent co-occurrent subtype of ADHD was the combined. There was not significant evidence of an association between academic impairment of autistic children and the presence of ADHD.

Conclusions

The prevalence of AD in schoolchildren in Crete, the risk factors and its comorbidity with ADHD were comparable to those reported in other countries worldwide. Younger age and male gender seems to be associated with the presence of ADHD in autistic children.
2199 – An Evaluation Of The Enhanced Cognitive-behavioural Model And Its Constructs As Moderators Of The Core Psychopathology Of Eating Pathology-bulimic Symptomatology Relationship
Authors: Dakanalis A. , Timko A.C. , Zanetti A.M. , Riva G. , Lombardi M. , Arrivabene P. , Fornoni J. , Bertelli S. , Rinaldi L. , Fraietta S. , Clerici M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The original cognitive-behavioural model of bulimia nervosa (CBT-BN) proposes that specific dysfunctional cognitions and behavioural factors maintain BN, and has provided the basis for the widely used cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) of BN. However, Fairburn et al. (2003) noted that among treatment completers with BN, only 40% achieved full remission of the bulimic symptomatology. The enhanced CBT-BN model (CBT-E) proposed by the authors describes how four additional factors (i.e., clinical perfectionism, low self esteem, mood intolerance and interpersonal difficulties) interact with the core psychopathology of BN (i.e., over-evaluation of eating, weight, and shape and their control) to maintain the disorder.

Aims

The goal of this study was to examine (a) the validity of the CBT-E model and (b) whether each of the four hypothesized maintenance factors intensifies the core psychopathology-bulimic symptomatology relationship in a clinical sample.

Methods

Data were analysed from 362 adults seeking treatment for BN (n = 167) or atypical BN (n =195) at four Italian specialized care centres, using latent variable structural equation modeling approach.

Results

Both the measurement and the structural model were good fits for the data. All four hypothesized factors exacerbated the core psychopathology-bulimic symptomatology relationship. Core psychopathology explained approximately 47.7% of the variance of bulimic symptomatology. The inclusion of the direct effects and interaction terms increased the explained variance of bulimic symptomatology to 64%.

Conclusions

Overall, results supported the validity of the CBT-E model and highlighted the importance of assessment and treatment of the four maintenance processes included in the CBT-E model.