bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Party Systems, Inequality, and Redistribution
Authors: Mauro Vincent
Published: October 2022

Political parties have long been theorized as a key political institution that links society with the formal political system, and thus have often featured prominently in theories of political economy and redistribution. Curiously, however, until recently party systems have received substantially less attention in theories seeking to explain redistribution among both democratic and non-democratic regimes. I build on this nascent literature by conceptualizing the relationship between party systems, inequality, and redistribution, advancing the argument that at least a portion of inequality and income redistribution in any given country is attributable to dynamics within its party system—particularly their structure and institutionalization. Hegemonic party systems can initiate large waves of social reform and redistribution in their formative years but their redistributive prospects significantly wane the longer a hegemonic party remains in power, while two-party systems are unlikely to provide much, if any, alleviation of inequality. Multi-party systems provide the greatest potential to redistribute, but the relationship is conditional on their relative institutionalization. Stable multi-party systems with institutionalized parties are more likely to exhibit both lower levels of inequality and redistribute more income, whereas inchoate counterparts are unlikely to be more redistributive than either hegemonic or two-party systems.
Hillslope Sediment Supply Limits Alluvial Valley Width
Authors: Tofelde Stefanie , Bufe Aaron , Turowski Jens M.
Published: October 2022

River‐valley morphology preserves information on tectonic and climatic conditions that shape landscapes. Observations suggest that river discharge and valley‐wall lithology are the main controls on valley width. Yet, current models based on these observations fail to explain the full range of cross‐sectional valley shapes in nature, suggesting hitherto unquantified controls on valley width. In particular, current models cannot explain the existence of paired terrace sequences that form under cyclic climate forcing. Paired river terraces are staircases of abandoned floodplains on both valley sides, and hence preserve past valley widths. Their formation requires alternating phases of predominantly river incision and predominantly lateral planation, plus progressive valley narrowing. While cyclic Quaternary climate changes can explain shifts between incision and lateral erosion, the driving mechanism of valley narrowing is unknown. Here, we extract valley geometries from climatically formed, alluvial river‐terrace sequences and show that across our dataset, the total cumulative terrace height (here: total valley height) explains 90%–99% of the variance in valley width at the terrace sites. This finding suggests that valley height, or a parameter that scales linearly with valley height, controls valley width in addition to river discharge and lithology. To explain this valley‐width‐height relationship, we reformulate existing valley‐width models and suggest that, when adjusting to new boundary conditions, alluvial valleys evolve to a width at which sediment removal from valley walls matches lateral sediment supply from hillslope erosion. Such a hillslope‐channel coupling is not captured in current valley‐evolution models. Our model can explain the existence of paired terrace sequences under cyclic climate forcing and relates valley width to measurable field parameters. Therefore, it facilitates the reconstruction of past climatic and tectonic conditions from valley topography.
Effect of Aquatic Organic Matter and Global Warming on Accumulation of PAHs in Lakes, East China
Authors: Wan Nannan , Zhang Ruping , Kong Xianglan , Yang Yu , Ran Yong
Published: October 2022

The sedimentary records of organic matter in lakes can reflect the response of lakes to global warming. Multiple organic proxies in the sediment core samples collected from Luoma Lake and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu were used to expound the effects of global warming and anthropogenic activities on lacustrine productivity and deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total organic carbon, algal organic matter proxies (S2 and hydrogen index), and nutrients such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen were measured. The source apportionment modeling and the principal component analysis demonstrated that algal organic matter and bacteria organic matter showed an upcore increasing trend and an obvious enrichment effect on PAHs, which was also related to the increasing temperature and algal productivity in the lakes. Global warming enhanced the lacustrine productivity and the accumulation of PAHs in sediments. Therefore, the organic geochemical indicators in lake sediments can effectively reflect the impact of climate warming on the lacustrine productivity and the accumulation of PAHs, and provide data support for the management of lakes.
The DOE E3SM Model Version 2: Overview of the Physical Model and Initial Model Evaluation
Authors: Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Van Roekel Luke P. , Zheng Xue , Roberts Andrew F. , Wolfe Jonathan D. , Lin Wuyin , Bradley Andrew M. , Tang Qi , Maltrud Mathew E. , Forsyth Ryan M. , Zhang Chengzhu , Zhou Tian , Zhang Kai , Zender Charles S. , Wu Mingxuan , Wang Hailong , Turner Adrian K. , Singh Balwinder , Richter Jadwiga H. , Qin Yi , Petersen Mark R. , Mametjanov Azamat , Ma Po‐Lun , Larson Vincent E. , Krishna Jayesh , Keen Noel D. , Jeffery Nicole , Hunke Elizabeth C. , Hannah Walter M. , Guba Oksana , Griffin Brian M. , Feng Yan , Engwirda Darren , Di Vittorio Alan V. , Dang Cheng , Conlon LeAnn M. , Chen Chih‐Chieh‐Jack , Brunke Michael A. , Bisht Gautam , Benedict James J. , Asay‐Davis Xylar S. , Zhang Yuying , Zhang Meng , Zeng Xubin , Xie Shaocheng , Wolfram Phillip J. , Vo Tom , Veneziani Milena , Tesfa Teklu K. , Sreepathi Sarat , Salinger Andrew G. , Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Prather Michael J. , Mahajan Salil , Li Qing , Jones Philip W. , Jacob Robert L. , Huebler Gunther W. , Huang Xianglei , Hillman Benjamin R. , Harrop Bryce E. , Foucar James G. , Fang Yilin , Comeau Darin S. , Caldwell Peter M. , Bartoletti Tony , Balaguru Karthik , Taylor Mark A. , McCoy Renata B. , Leung L. Ruby , Bader David C.
Published: October 2022

This work documents version two of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). E3SMv2 is a significant evolution from its predecessor E3SMv1, resulting in a model that is nearly twice as fast and with a simulated climate that is improved in many metrics. We describe the physical climate model in its lower horizontal resolution configuration consisting of 110 km atmosphere, 165 km land, 0.5° river routing model, and an ocean and sea ice with mesh spacing varying between 60 km in the mid‐latitudes and 30 km at the equator and poles. The model performance is evaluated with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima simulations augmented with historical simulations as well as simulations to evaluate impacts of different forcing agents. The simulated climate has many realistic features of the climate system, with notable improvements in clouds and precipitation compared to E3SMv1. E3SMv1 suffered from an excessively high equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 5.3 K. In E3SMv2, ECS is reduced to 4.0 K which is now within the plausible range based on a recent World Climate Research Program assessment. However, a number of important biases remain including a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, deficiencies in the characteristics and spectral distribution of tropical atmospheric variability, and a significant underestimation of the observed warming in the second half of the historical period. An analysis of single‐forcing simulations indicates that correcting the historical temperature bias would require a substantial reduction in the magnitude of the aerosol‐related forcing.
Advances in regenerative medicine applications of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid-based nanomaterials: an expert consensus recommendation
Authors: Lin Yunfeng , Li Qian , Wang Lihua , Guo Quanyi , Liu Shuyun , Zhu Shihui , Sun Yu , Fan Yujiang , Sun Yong , Li Haihang , Tian Xudong , Luo Delun , Shi Sirong
Published: October 2022

With the emergence of DNA nanotechnology in the 1980s, self-assembled DNA nanostructures have attracted considerable attention worldwide due to their inherent biocompatibility, unsurpassed programmability, and versatile functions. Especially promising nanostructures are tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), first proposed by Turberfield with the use of a one-step annealing approach. Benefiting from their various merits, such as simple synthesis, high reproducibility, structural stability, cellular internalization, tissue permeability, and editable functionality, tFNAs have been widely applied in the biomedical field as three-dimensional DNA nanomaterials. Surprisingly, tFNAs exhibit positive effects on cellular biological behaviors and tissue regeneration, which may be used to treat inflammatory and degenerative diseases. According to their intended application and carrying capacity, tFNAs could carry functional nucleic acids or therapeutic molecules through extended sequences, sticky-end hybridization, intercalation, and encapsulation based on the Watson and Crick principle. Additionally, dynamic tFNAs also have potential applications in controlled and targeted therapies. This review summarized the latest progress in pure/modified/dynamic tFNAs and demonstrated their regenerative medicine applications. These applications include promoting the regeneration of the bone, cartilage, nerve, skin, vasculature, or muscle and treating diseases such as bone defects, neurological disorders, joint-related inflammatory diseases, periodontitis, and immune diseases.
Small molecule-assisted synthesis of carbon supported platinum intermetallic fuel cell catalysts
Authors: Song Tian-Wei , Xu Cong , Sheng Zhu-Tao , Yan Hui-Kun , Tong Lei , Liu Jun , Zeng Wei-Jie , Zuo Lu-Jie , Yin Peng , Zuo Ming , Chu Sheng-Qi , Chen Ping , Liang Hai-Wei
Published: October 2022

Supported ordered intermetallic compounds exhibit superior catalytic performance over their disordered alloy counterparts in diverse reactions. But the synthesis of intermetallic compounds catalysts often requires high-temperature annealing that leads to the sintering of metals into larger crystallites. Herein, we report a small molecule-assisted impregnation approach to realize the general synthesis of a family of intermetallic catalysts, consisting of 18 binary platinum intermetallic compounds supported on carbon blacks. The molecular additives containing heteroatoms (that is, O, N, or S) can be coordinated with platinum in impregnation and thermally converted into heteroatom-doped graphene layers in high-temperature annealing, which significantly suppress alloy sintering and insure the formation of small-sized intermetallic catalysts. The prepared optimal PtCo intermetallics as cathodic oxygen-reduction catalysts exhibit a high mass activity of 1.08 A mgPt–1 at 0.9 V in H2-O2 fuel cells and a rated power density of 1.17 W cm–2 in H2-air fuel cells.
BRCA mutational status shapes the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic cancer linking clusterin expression in cancer associated fibroblasts with HSF1 signaling
Authors: Shaashua Lee , Ben-Shmuel Aviad , Pevsner-Fischer Meirav , Friedman Gil , Levi-Galibov Oshrat , Nandakumar Subhiksha , Barki Debra , Nevo Reinat , Brown Lauren E. , Zhang Wenhan , Stein Yaniv , Lior Chen , Kim Han Sang , Bojmar Linda , Jarnagin William R. , Lecomte Nicolas , Mayer Shimrit , Stok Roni , Bishara Hend , Hamodi Rawand , Levy-Lahad Ephrat , Golan Talia , Porco John A. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Schultz Nikolaus , Tuveson David A. , Lyden David , Kelsen David , Scherz-Shouval Ruth
Published: October 2022

Tumors initiate by mutations in cancer cells, and progress through interactions of the cancer cells with non-malignant cells of the tumor microenvironment. Major players in the tumor microenvironment are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which support tumor malignancy, and comprise up to 90% of the tumor mass in pancreatic cancer. CAFs are transcriptionally rewired by cancer cells. Whether this rewiring is differentially affected by different mutations in cancer cells is largely unknown. Here we address this question by dissecting the stromal landscape of BRCA-mutated and BRCA Wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We comprehensively analyze pancreatic cancer samples from 42 patients, revealing different CAF subtype compositions in germline BRCA-mutated vs. BRCA Wild-type tumors. In particular, we detect an increase in a subset of immune-regulatory clusterin-positive CAFs in BRCA-mutated tumors. Using cancer organoids and mouse models we show that this process is mediated through activation of heat-shock factor 1, the transcriptional regulator of clusterin. Our findings unravel a dimension of stromal heterogeneity influenced by germline mutations in cancer cells, with direct implications for clinical research.
Circular RNA circBNC2 inhibits epithelial cell G2-M arrest to prevent fibrotic maladaptive repair
Authors: Wang Peng , Huang Zhitao , Peng Yili , Li Hongwei , Lin Tong , Zhao Yingyu , Hu Zheng , Zhou Zhanmei , Zhou Weijie , Liu Youhua , Hou Fan Fan
Published: October 2022

The mechanisms underlying fibrogenic responses after injury are not well understood. Epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M after injury is a key checkpoint for determining wound-healing leading to either normal cell proliferation or fibrosis. Here, we identify a kidney- and liver-enriched circular RNA, circBNC2, which is abundantly expressed in normal renal tubular cells and hepatocytes but significantly downregulated after acute ischemic or toxic insult. Loss of circBNC2 is at least partially mediated by upregulation of DHX9. Gain- and loss-of-function studies, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrate that circBNC2 acts as a negative regulator of cell G2/M arrest by encoding a protein that promotes formation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complexes. Restoring circBNC2 in experimentally-induced male mouse models of fibrotic kidney and liver, decreases G2/M arrested cell numbers with secretion of fibrotic factors, thereby mitigating extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Decreased expression of circBNC2 and increased G2/M arrest of epithelial cells are recapitulated in human ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced chronic kidney disease and inflammation-induced liver fibrosis, highlighting the clinical relevance. These findings suggest that restoring circBNC2 might represent a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention in epithelial organ fibrosis.
Revealing the pulse-induced electroplasticity by decoupling electron wind force
Authors: Li Xing , Zhu Qi , Hong Youran , Zheng He , Wang Jian , Wang Jiangwei , Zhang Ze
Published: October 2022

Micro/nano electromechanical systems and nanodevices often suffer from degradation under electrical pulse. However, the origin of pulse-induced degradation remains an open question. Herein, we investigate the defect dynamics in Au nanocrystals under pulse conditions. By decoupling the electron wind force via a properly-designed in situ TEM electropulsing experiment, we reveal a non-directional migration of Σ3{112} incoherent twin boundary upon electropulsing, in contrast to the expected directional migration under electron wind force. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that such exceptional incoherent twin boundary migration is governed by the electron-dislocation interaction that enhances the atom vibration at dislocation cores, rather than driven by the electron wind force in classic model. Our observations provide valuable insights into the origin of electroplasticity in metallic materials at the atomic level, which are of scientific and technological significances to understanding the electromigration and resultant electrical damage/failure in micro/nano-electronic devices.
Declining metal availability in the Mesozoic seawater reflected in phytoplankton succession
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Bendif El Mahdi , Zhou Yu , Nevado Bruno , Shafiee Roxana , Rickaby Rosalind E. M.
Published: October 2022

Variable trace metal concentrations in the Precambrian ocean were closely linked to oxygen availability, although less is known about the drivers of seawater trace metal chemistry after the spread of complex life into the Phanerozoic eon. A major phytoplankton succession took place at the transition from the Palaeozoic to the Mesozoic era (~250 Myr ago), from an ocean dominated by the green Archaeplastida to secondary endosymbiotic algae with red-algal-derived plastids. Here, our comparative genomic analysis of 26 complete proteomes and metal domain analysis of additional 608 partially complete sequences of phytoplankton reveal that groups with different evolutionary history have distinct metal-binding proteins and contrasting metal acquisition strategies, adapted to differing availability of trace metals. The secondary-endosymbiont-bearing lineages are better adapted to well-oxygenated, nutrient-poor environments. This is supported by an enhanced thiol-based binding affinity of their transporters, coupled with minimized proteomic requirement for trace elements such as iron, copper and zinc at both protein and domain levels. Such different metal requirements across these lineages suggest a drastic decline in open-ocean trace metal concentrations at the inception of the Mesozoic, contributing to the shifts in phytoplankton communities that drove major changes in ocean chemical buffering.
Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations
Authors: Almukainzi May , Alotaibi Lubna , Abdulwahab Anfal , Albukhary Nada , El Mahdy Areej M.
Published: October 2022

Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study aimed to assess the quality and safety of the most common cosmetic preparations. To select the products to be tested, a cross-sectional survey was distributed featuring the most used types and brands of products. Based on 447 responses from both males and females with different ages and education levels, 21 products from different brands were selected and tested in terms of microbial load, heavy metal content, and organoleptic properties. Microbial contamination was investigated using the aerobic plate count method. Lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) impurities were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The products included sunblock, lip balm, hand cream, hair cream, shampoo, cleanser, baby oil, baby powder, bar soap, hair dye, makeup, deodorant, hair serum, shaving gel, and toothpaste. Microbial contamination was found in 14 of the products, ranging between 1467.5 and 299.5 cfu/ml. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus species. Most of the tested products showed metal impurities, with toothpaste having the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, As, Cu and Ni. The samples did not show lumps or discoloration, did not have characteristic odors, and had pH values ranging from 6.90 to 8.10. The continuous usage of such products could lead to serious negative consequences. As a result, ensuring the quality of cosmetic products is critical. Regulatory authorities are required to enforce strict legislation on cosmetic manufacturing to assess and ensure the quality and safety of the products before they reach consumers.
Thermal-stress-induced birefringence management of complex laser systems by means of polarimetry
Authors: Slezák Ondřej , Sawicka-Chyla Magdalena , Divoký Martin , Pilař Jan , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš
Published: October 2022

The novel method of the thermally-induced polarization changes driven power losses (TIPCL) analysis in the complex laser systems has been developed. The measurement has been tested on the amplifier chain of the 100 J / 10 Hz laser system ‘Bivoj’ operated at HiLASE Centre. By the usage of the measured non-uniform Mueller matrix of the amplifier chain, the optimization of the ideal input and output polarization state has been calculated numerically. The results of the optimization have been applied to the laser system, thus reducing the TIPCL from originally observed more than 33% to 7.9% for CW beam and to 9% for pulsed laser beam, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the most efficient TIPCL suppression method for complex laser systems so far. The method also allows the definition of the ideal fully polarized non-uniform pre-compensation of input beam consequently suffering from zero TIPCL.
Impacts of accelerating deployment of offshore windfarms on near-surface climate
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Geyer Beate , Schrum Corinna
Published: October 2022

The European Union has set the ambitious goal of becoming climate neutral by 2050, which has stimulated renewable energy production and accelerated the deployment of offshore wind energy in the North Sea. Here, a high-resolution regional climate model was used to investigate the impact on the sea surface climate of large-scale offshore wind farms that are proposed for the North Sea. The results show a significant reduction in the air-sea heat fluxes and a local, annual mean net cooling of the lower atmosphere in the wind farm areas down to more than 2.0 Wm−2, due to a decrease in 10 m wind speed and turbulent kinetic energy and an increase in low-level clouds. Mean surface winds decreased by approximately 1 ms−1 downstream of wind farms. Furthermore, an increase of approximately 5% in mean precipitation was found over the wind farm areas. At a seasonal timescale, these differences are higher during winter and autumn than in other seasons. Although the offshore wind farms reduce the heat transport from the ocean to the atmosphere in the region of large wind farms, the atmospheric layers below the hub height show an increase in temperature, which is on the order of up to 10% of the climate change signal at the end of the century, but it is much smaller than the interannual climate variability. In contrast, wind speed changes are larger than projected mean wind speed changes due to climate change. Our results suggest that the impacts of large clustered offshore wind farms should be considered in climate change impact studies. Moreover, the identified offshore windfarm impacts on the sea surface climate and the introduced spatial pattern in atmospheric conditions, in particular the modeled wind speed changes, suggest potential impacts on local ocean dynamics and the structure of the marine ecosystem. This should be considered in future scenarios for the North Sea marine environment and taken into account as a structuring influence in the offshore environment.
Positive surgical margin’s impact on short-term oncological prognosis after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (MARGINS study: UroCCR no 96)
Authors: Morrone Arnoult , Bentellis Imad , Bernhard Jean-Christophe , Bensalah Karim , Champy Cécile , Bruyere Franck , Doumerc Nicolas , Olivier Jonathan , Audenet François , Parier Bastien , Brenier Martin , Long Jean-Alexandre , Nouhaud François-Xavier , Branger Nicolas , Lang Hervé , Charles Thomas , Xylinas Evanguelos , Waeckel Thibaut , Gomez Florie , Boissier Romain , Rouget Benjamin , Shaikh Aysha , Chevallier Daniel , Ambrosetti Damien , Durand Matthieu
Published: October 2022

The oncological impact of positive surgical margins (PSM) after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is still under debate. We compared PSM and Negative Surgical Margins (NSM) in terms of recurrence-free survival (RFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) after RAPN, and we identified predictive factors of PSM. Multi-institutional study using the UroCCR database, which prospectively included 2166 RAPN between April 2010 and February 2021 (CNIL DR 2013-206; NCT03293563). Two groups were retrospectively compared: PSM versus NSM. Prognostic factors were assessed using Kaplan–Meyer curves with log-Rank test, cox hazard proportional risk model and logistic regression after univariate comparison. 136 patients had PSM (6.3%) and 2030 (93.7%) had NSM. During a median follow-up of 19 (9–36) months after RAPN, 160 (7.4%) recurrences were reported. Kaplan–Meier curves and analysis suggested that RFS, MFS and OS were not affected by a PSM (p = 0.68; 0.71; 0.88, respectively). In multivariate analysis predictors of PSM were a lower RENAL score (p = 0.001), longer warm ischemia time (WIT) (p = 0.003) and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (chrRCC) (p = 0.043). This study found no impact of PSM on RFS, MFS or OS, and predictors of PSM were the RENAL score, WIT and chrRCC.
Prediction of textile pilling resistance using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Gocławski Jarosław , Sekulska-Nalewajko Joanna , Korzeniewska Ewa
Published: October 2022

This paper describes a new method of textile pilling prediction, based on multivariate analysis of the spatial layer above the surface. The original idea of the method is the acquisition of 3D fabric image using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with infrared light, which allows for the fabric fuzz visualization with high sensitivity. The pilling layer, reconstructed with the resolution of $$10\times 10\times 5.5 \; \upmu \mathrm {m}$$

10
×
10
×
5.5

μ
m

, includes reliable textural information related to the amount of loose fibers and bunches appearing as a result of abrasion. Pilling intensity was assigned by supervised classification of the textural features using both linear (PLS-DA - partial least squares discriminant analysis, LDA - linear discriminant analysis) and non-linear (SVM - support vector machine) classifiers. The results demonstrated that the method is more suitable for fabrics after short-term abrasion, when the fuzz prevails over tangled fibers in the pilling layer. In that case, pilling grades were predicted with $$>98\%$$

>
98
%

accuracy, sensitivity and specificity (for SVM model). The validation accuracy of the tested models after machine abrasion achieves lower values (up to $$90.4\%$$

90.4
%

for LDA model). With our method, we clearly showed that OCT can be used to quantitatively trace appearance changes of fabric samples due to test abrasion.
Mechanisms of prey division in striped marlin, a marine group hunting predator
Authors: Hansen M. J. , Krause S. , Dhellemmes F. , Pacher K. , Kurvers R. H. J. M. , Domenici P. , Krause J.
Published: October 2022

Many terrestrial group-hunters cooperate to kill prey but then compete for their share with dominance being a strong predictor of prey division. In contrast, little is known about prey division in group-hunting marine predators that predominately attack small, evasive prey (e.g. fish schools). We identified individual striped marlin (Kajikia audax) hunting in groups. Groups surrounded prey but individuals took turns attacking. We found that competition for prey access led to an unequal division of prey among the predators, with 50% of the most frequently attacking marlin capturing 70–80% of the fish. Neither aggression, body size nor variation in hunting efficiency explained this skewed prey division. We did find that newly arrived groups of marlin gained on average more access to the prey. This raises the possibility that newly arrived marlin were hungrier and more motivated to feed. However, this result does not necessarily explain the unequal prey division among the predators because the skew in prey captures was found at the level of these groups. Dynamic prey division is probably widespread but under-reported in marine group-hunters and the inability of individuals to monopolize prey until satiation likely reduces the importance of social hierarchies for prey division.
A fast blind zero-shot denoiser
Authors: Lequyer Jason , Philip Reuben , Sharma Amit , Hsu Wen-Hsin , Pelletier Laurence
Published: October 2022

Image noise is a common problem in light microscopy. This is particularly true in real-time live-cell imaging applications in which long-term cell viability necessitates low-light conditions. Modern denoisers are typically trained on a representative dataset, sometimes consisting of just unpaired noisy shots. However, when data are acquired in real time to track dynamic cellular processes, it is not always practical nor economical to generate these training sets. Recently, denoisers have emerged that allow us to denoise single images without a training set or knowledge about the underlying noise. But such methods are currently too slow to be integrated into imaging pipelines that require rapid, real-time hardware feedback. Here we present Noise2Fast, which can overcome these limitations. Noise2Fast uses a novel downsampling technique we refer to as ‘chequerboard downsampling’. This allows us to train on a discrete 4-image training set, while convergence can be monitored using the original noisy image. We show that Noise2Fast is faster than all similar methods with only a small drop in accuracy compared to the gold standard. We integrate Noise2Fast into real-time multi-modal imaging applications and demonstrate its broad applicability to diverse imaging and analysis pipelines.
National and subnational short-term forecasting of COVID-19 in Germany and Poland during early 2021
Authors: Bracher Johannes , Wolffram Daniel , Deuschel Jannik , Görgen Konstantin , Ketterer Jakob L. , Ullrich Alexander , Abbott Sam , Barbarossa Maria V. , Bertsimas Dimitris , Bhatia Sangeeta , Bodych Marcin , Bosse Nikos I. , Burgard Jan Pablo , Castro Lauren , Fairchild Geoffrey , Fiedler Jochen , Fuhrmann Jan , Funk Sebastian , Gambin Anna , Gogolewski Krzysztof , Heyder Stefan , Hotz Thomas , Kheifetz Yuri , Kirsten Holger , Krueger Tyll , Krymova Ekaterina , Leithäuser Neele , Li Michael L. , Meinke Jan H. , Miasojedow Błażej , Michaud Isaac J. , Mohring Jan , Nouvellet Pierre , Nowosielski Jedrzej M. , Ozanski Tomasz , Radwan Maciej , Rakowski Franciszek , Scholz Markus , Soni Saksham , Srivastava Ajitesh , Gneiting Tilmann , Schienle Melanie
Published: October 2022

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a strong interest in forecasts of the short-term development of epidemiological indicators to inform decision makers. In this study we evaluate probabilistic real-time predictions of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Germany and Poland for the period from January through April 2021.

Methods

We evaluate probabilistic real-time predictions of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Germany and Poland. These were issued by 15 different forecasting models, run by independent research teams. Moreover, we study the performance of combined ensemble forecasts. Evaluation of probabilistic forecasts is based on proper scoring rules, along with interval coverage proportions to assess calibration. The presented work is part of a pre-registered evaluation study.

Results

We find that many, though not all, models outperform a simple baseline model up to four weeks ahead for the considered targets. Ensemble methods show very good relative performance. The addressed time period is characterized by rather stable non-pharmaceutical interventions in both countries, making short-term predictions more straightforward than in previous periods. However, major trend changes in reported cases, like the rebound in cases due to the rise of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant in March 2021, prove challenging to predict.

Conclusions

Multi-model approaches can help to improve the performance of epidemiological forecasts. However, while death numbers can be predicted with some success based on current case and hospitalization data, predictability of case numbers remains low beyond quite short time horizons. Additional data sources including sequencing and mobility data, which were not extensively used in the present study, may help to improve performance.
Retraction: A near-infrared laser and H2O2 activated bio-nanoreactor for enhanced photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors
Authors: Deng Liming , Sheng Danli , Liu Mingzhu , Yang Lu , Ran Haitao , Li Pan , Cai Xiaojun , Sun Yang , Wang Zhigang
Published: October 2022

Retraction of ‘A near-infrared laser and H2O2 activated bio-nanoreactor for enhanced photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors’ by Liming Deng et al., Biomater. Sci., 2020, 8, 858–870, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9BM01126A.
Nucleoside analogs in ADAR guide strands targeting 5′-UA̲ sites
Authors: Brinkman Hannah F. , Jauregui Matos Victorio , Mendoza Herra G. , Doherty Erin E. , Beal Peter A.
Published: October 2022

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNAs (ADARs) can be directed to correct RNA mutations with complementary guide strands. We introduce nucleoside analogs at the −1 position of the guide RNA to enhance target editing and decrease off-target editing.
Short- vs. long-range elastic distortion: structural dynamics of a [2 × 2] tetrairon(ii) spin crossover grid complex observed by time-resolved X-Ray crystallography
Authors: Velazquez-Garcia Jose de Jesus , Basuroy Krishnayan , Storozhuk Darina , Wong Joanne , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Henning Robert , Techert Simone
Published: October 2022

Upon irradiation with a ps laser pulse, a [2 × 2] tetrairon(ii) spin crossover grid shows two types of elastic distortions: a short-range distortion in ps regime and a long-range distortion in the ns time scale.
Local environment-mediated efficient electrocatalysis of CO2 to CO on Zn nanosheets
Authors: Wang Wenyuan , Zhang Kai , Xu Tao , Yao Yagang
Published: October 2022

Polytetrafluoroethylene-modified Zn nanosheets inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction and then enhance the selectivity for electrochemical CO2-to-CO conversion.
Cedrol from ginger alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through dynamic regulation of intestinal microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Liu Yang , Peng Fei , Wei Xinrui , Hao Huiqin , Li Wei , Zhao Yuqing
Published: October 2022

The imbalance of intestinal flora would induce immune inflammation.
Neuroprotective effects of a new triterpenoid from edible mushroom on oxidative stress and apoptosis through the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB and Nrf2 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kou Rong-Wei , Xia Bing , Han Rui , Li Zhi-Qing , Yang Jun-Ren , Yin Xia , Gao Yu-Qi , Gao Jin-Ming
Published: October 2022

Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat is an edible mushroom which is used to produce tea and syrup due to its medicinal properties.
The stiffness-dependent tumor cell internalization of liquid metal nanoparticles
Authors: He Jing , Pang Wen , Gu Bobo , Lin Xubo , Ye Jian
Published: October 2022

Stiff liquid metal nanoparticles would be endocytosed faster than their soft counterparts when the active targeting between the nanoparticles and cells exists, and this tendency turns over when only passive interaction exists.
Protecting-group-free synthesis of clevudine (l-FMAU), a treatment of the hepatitis B virus
Authors: Tremblay Thomas , Alcée Jessica B. , Giguère Denis
Published: October 2022

A new strategy for the synthesis of unnatural 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-l-nucleoside is described.
Family and Caregiver Characteristics Contribute to Caregiver Change in Use of Strategies and Growth in Child Spoken Language in a Parent-Implemented Language Intervention in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Potter Sarah Nelson , Bullard Lauren , Banasik Amy , Tempero Feigles Robyn , Nguyen Vivian , McDuffie Andrea , Thurman Angela John , Hagerman Randi , Abbeduto Leonard
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

This study examined relationships among family characteristics, caregiver change in use of strategies, and child growth in spoken language over the course of a parent-implemented language intervention (PILI) that was developed to address some of the challenges associated with the fragile X syndrome (FXS) phenotype.

Method:

Participants were 43 parent–child dyads from two different PILI studies, both of which taught parents various language facilitation strategies to support child language. Before starting the intervention, parents reported on their mental health, parenting stress, and parenting competence. This study focused on potential barriers to treatment gains by examining correlations between the measures of parent well-being and (a) parent change in use of intervention strategies taught in the PILI and (b) changes in child language outcomes from pre- to post-intervention.

Results:

Parents in this study had elevated mental health symptoms across several domains and increased rates of parenting stress. Furthermore, although PILI resulted in treatment gains for both parents and children, a variety of parent mental health symptoms were found to be significantly and negatively associated with change in use of strategies and growth in child language over the course of the intervention. Some inconsistent findings also emerged regarding the relationships between parenting stress and competence and change in parent strategy use and growth in child language.

Conclusions:

This study provides preliminary evidence that parents who are experiencing significant mental health challenges may have a more difficult time participating fully in PILIs and that there may be subsequent effects on child outcomes. Future PILIs could benefit from addressing parent well-being as a substantial part of the intervention program.
E-Learning Fatigue and the Cognitive, Educational, and Emotional Impacts on Communication Sciences and Disorders Students During COVID-19
Authors: Reed Hope C.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate e-learning fatigue; the cognitive, educational, and emotional impacts on university students; and attitudes toward different course delivery modes after more than a year of COVID-19–mandated distance education in the United States.

Method:

A survey consisting of 25 Likert items was conducted with a total of 50 graduate and undergraduate students, mostly women between the ages of 18 and 45 years, majoring in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU).

Results:

Younger, undergraduate, and Black/African American students reported being most unfavorably impacted by the e-learning requirements of COVID-19. Students without a prior history of online and hybrid learning also reported unfavorable effects, but not as consistently. Participants reporting higher levels of e-learning fatigue noted the greatest difficulties across all major areas of the study: learning, mental health, and attitudes toward e-learning. Higher e-learning fatigue was correlated with a higher negative impact on perceptions of future clinical effectiveness.

Conclusions:

Results show e-learning fatigue and the educational and emotional challenges of mandated e-learning during COVID-19 disproportionately affected certain groups of students, and they reported unfavorable views of e-learning and future clinical ability. This is the first study to examine how CSD students were affected by required distance learning during the pandemic. Future investigations may examine the long-term effects of the pandemic on students and their clinical skills, groups most susceptible to the negative impacts of e-learning, and ways to mitigate these effects to improve students' educational experiences and emotional well-being.
Energy Planning in West Java using Software LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning)
Authors: Syarief Nurwahyudin Dindin , Trihastuti Nanik , Agya Utama Nuki
Published: October 2022

The increase in global energy consumption is increasing every year. The increasing need for energy also in fact collides with the human need to create a clean and pollution-free environment. This condition requires us to look for alternative and renewable energy sources to support our daily lives. With the preparation of the General Provincial Energy Plan (GPEP) in the future, it is expected to strengthen the competitiveness of the West Java economy, fulfill basic needs in the energy sector and strengthen the sustainability of West Java development based on the environment and local wisdom. Preparation of the West Java Regional Energy General Plan (REGP). Data processing to predict the level of planning for electrical energy needs in West Java is processed using LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System) software. Demand is calculated based on the amount of electrical energy consumption activity and the amount of electrical energy consumption per activity (energy intensity). The year 2019 is the base year for the calculation. The results obtained from the prediction of electrical energy demand in 2019-2030 show a positive trend, namely an increase from 111.7 million Giga Joules to 147.9 million Giga Joules. The energy transformation in the fuel output of each power plant in West Java for the baseline scenario, in 2030 will reach 95.3 million Giga Joules. Meanwhile, energy generation in the Demand Side Management (DSM) scenario in 2019 is 6 (Thousand MW), with a capacity of 3,600 MW. Then there is an increase every year, until in 2030 it will reach 26.6 (Thousand MW), with a capacity of 5,800 MW. From this paper, the procedures and data results from calculations using the LEAP tool are expected to provide an overview and input for readers in making policy in the energy sector in particular and regional development planning in general.
Screw Turbine in In-pipe Hydroelectric Power Generation
Authors: Nurilyas Ahmad Rizki , Lugia Hardianto Dimas , Abimanyu Abimanyu , Etika Rahmawati Laili
Published: October 2022

Utilization of renewable energy sources is a necessity to reduce the consumption of fossil energy sources. On the end of 2021, it was reported that world was experiencing an energy crisis, so the use of renewable energy sources is being something urgent. Renewable energy power generation can be done in large scale to small scale even on household level. Electrical energy independence can be achieved, one way by utilizing available energy sources surrounding house. Several energy sources that can be utilized around the house including water, wind, sunlight, etc. Water as one of energy sources can also be obtained from the water flow in household plumbing systems. In this research, analysis of the output characteristics of generator was carried out from mini generator connected to screw turbine with in-pipe water flow as the energy source. Design and measurement have been done on the prototype to see the output characteristic of generator. Measurement on prototype have shown results to produce 1.56 watt and 9.6 volt at maximum water discharge 0.317 l/s, these results are quite low considering power measured at the turbine reaches about 7.45 watt. With further research, another more efficient and proper configuration can be obtained.
Japanese Daily Vlogger Content as A Cultural Learning Medium for College Students: Study Case of Diponegoro University’s Student
Authors: Prayudanti Yolanda , Saraswati Sakariah Dewi
Published: October 2022

The writing of this paper is motivated by the rising amount of YouTube vloggers and its viewers about learning and introducing one country’s culture virtually. The increasing spread of these cultures is supported by a simple way of seeking out inspiration and things people are interested about, which mainly seek out on YouTube for clearly image. This also includes vlogs where people film their daily life and so their viewers are able to notice and perceive the country or cultural activities they convey. We’re seen that YouTube is prospectively new media for learning in culture and in some way also fosters its vlogger nation culture. The distinction of this research led by Silent Vlogger who unintentionally introduced one country culture. More specifically, the research is analysing Choki’s channel, a Japanese woman who has more than 1 million subscribers. We disclose from her videos, bringing out to the viewers about Japanese culture in interesting and lifeful approach. We also conducted a questionnaire survey to college students in order to maximize the results. The results show that her videos on YouTube is acceptable to be used as new media for promoting as well as learning media of Japanese cultures.
Why Must Journals at the University Level be Well Managed to Support the Era of University Independence?
Authors: Widowati Evi , Wijaya Atika , Kadarwati Sri , Maretta Yoris Adi , Atno
Published: October 2022

Scientific journals have a vital role, from developing and disseminating science and technology to becoming a source of income generating for universities. Semarang State University has 166 journals, both National and Scientific Journals, spread across all faculties, study programs, institutions, and postgraduate programs. Many journals demand a good governance system characterized by a comprehensive service system. These procedures ensure consistent implementation and clear division of roles, so that journal management is carried out consistently, accountable, transparently, and professionally. This study aims to compile the main indicators of core services that must exist in journal management units at universities to support improving the performance of university journals that are consistent, accountable, transparent, professional, and able to capture future business opportunities. This type of research uses Participatory Action Research. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, and qualitative data is analyzed using content analysis. The study results found that the management of professional journals that have an orientation to business development at the university level requires a minimum of 10 key roles with 12 minimum service systems that must be developed. From these results, the next step is to develop an adequate information system outside of OJS to improve the performance of managers and services.
Tin Exploration and Protection of Local Varieties as Communal Intellectual Property in the Bangka Belitung Islands
Authors: Darwance  , Haryadi Dwi , Sari Rafiqa
Published: October 2022

Tin mining activities in the Bangka Belitung Islands have been going on for a long time. A number of literates noted that tin mining in this area had begun in 1709 AD. Tin mining occurs massively when the government opens the tap for tin mining which was originally only allowed to be mined by certain parties, in this context PT. Tin and PT. Kobatin, can be mined by anyone, including the general public. As a result, tin mining became out of control. Tin mines target not only certain areas such as rivers, plantation areas, but also kelekak which contains local plants typical of this region. Kelekak is the name for the typical plantations of the people of this region which contain local plants. On the other hand, Law No. 29 of 2000 concerning the Protection of Plant Varieties, one of which requires the protection of local varieties as part of the conservation of biodiversity. Massive tin mining, especially on land, as well as the free access to tin mining, certainly has an impact on efforts to protect local varieties. This empirical juridical research aims to determine the impact of tin mining on the existence of local varieties, as well as the problems of regulation of protection of local varieties when associated with permits for tin mining. From the results of the study, it was found that regulatoryly, there are parts that do not support each other between the Mineral and Coal Mining Law, Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, and the PVP Law that is currently in effect. In addition, tin mining has an impact on efforts to protect local varieties. The land which originally contained local varieties of plants, turned into tin-added land which in turn turned into a kolong (small lake).