bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Claustrum mediates bidirectional and reversible control of stress-induced anxiety responses
Authors: Niu Misaki , Kasai Atsushi , Tanuma Masato , Seiriki Kaoru , Igarashi Hisato , Kuwaki Takahiro , Nagayasu Kazuki , Miyaji Keita , Ueno Hiroki , Tanabe Wataru , Seo Kei , Yokoyama Rei , Ohkubo Jin , Ago Yukio , Hayashida Misuzu , Inoue Ken-ichi , Takada Masahiko , Yamaguchi Shun , Nakazawa Takanobu , Kaneko Shuji , Okuno Hiroyuki , Yamanaka Akihiro , Hashimoto Hitoshi
Published: October 2022

The processing of stress responses involves brain-wide communication among cortical and subcortical regions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that the claustrum (CLA) is crucial for the control of stress-induced anxiety-related behaviors. A combined approach using brain activation mapping and machine learning showed that the CLA activation serves as a reliable marker of exposure to acute stressors. In TRAP2 mice, which allow activity-dependent genetic labeling, chemogenetic activation of the CLA neuronal ensemble tagged by acute social defeat stress (DS) elicited anxiety-related behaviors, whereas silencing of the CLA ensemble attenuated DS-induced anxiety-related behaviors. Moreover, the CLA received strong input from DS-activated basolateral amygdala neurons, and its circuit-selective optogenetic photostimulation temporarily elicited anxiety-related behaviors. Last, silencing of the CLA ensemble during stress exposure increased resistance to chronic DS. The CLA thus bidirectionally controls stress-induced emotional responses, and its inactivation can serve as a preventative strategy to increase stress resilience.
ARAF suppresses ERBB3 expression and metastasis in a subset of lung cancers
Authors: Mooz Juliane , Riegel Kristina , PS Hari , Sadanandam Anguraj , Marini Federico , Klein Matthias , Werner Ulrike , Roth Wilfried , Wilken-Schmitz Annett , Tegeder Irmgard , Rajalingam Krishnaraj
Published: October 2022

RAF kinases are highly conserved serine/threonine kinases, and among the three RAF isoforms (ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF), the pathophysiological relevance of ARAF is not well defined. Here, we show that patients with lung cancer exhibit low expression of ARAF, which is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor patient survival. We uncover that depletion of ARAF promotes anchorage-independent growth and metastasis through activation of AKT signaling in a subset of lung cancer cells. We identified that loss of ARAF was associated with an increase in ERBB3 expression in a kinase-independent manner. ARAF suppressed the promoter activity of ERBB3, and reconstitution of ARAF in ARAF-depleted cells led to the reversal of enhanced ERBB3-AKT signaling. Furthermore, ARAF inhibited neuregulin 1 (hNRG1)–mediated AKT activation through controlling ERBB3 expression via the transcription factor KLF5. Our results disclose a critical dual role for ARAF kinase in the negative regulation of ERBB3-AKT signaling, thereby suppressing tumor metastasis.
Preparation for Denitrification and Phenotypic Diversification at the Cusp of Anoxia: a Purpose for N
2
O Reductase
Vis-à-Vis
Multiple Roles of O
2
Authors: Kellermann R. , Hauge K. , Tjåland R. , Thalmann S. , Bakken L. R. , Bergaust L.
Published: October 2022

Denitrifying bacteria have evolved elaborate regulatory networks securing their respiratory metabolism in environments with fluctuating oxygen concentrations. Here, we provide new insight regarding their bet-hedging in response to hypoxia, which minimizes their N
2
O emissions because all cells express NosZ, reducing N
2
O to N
2
, while a minority express NirS + Nor, reducing NO
2
−
to N
2
O.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus vallismortis Strain BL01, Isolated from
Artemisia lerchiana
Web. Roots
Authors: Chebotar Vladimir K. , Gancheva Maria S. , Chizhevskaya Elena P. , Keleinikova Oksana V. , Baganova Maria E. , Zaplatkin Alexander N. , Pishchik Veronika N.
Published: October 2022

Some strains of
Bacillus vallismortis
have been reported to be efficient plant-growth-promoting bacteria as well as inducers of systemic resistance. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Bacillus vallismortis
strain BL01, isolated from the roots of
Artemisia lerchiana
Web.
Genome Sequence of an Early Imported Case of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (B.1.617.2 AY.122) in Iraq in April 2021
Authors: Al-Rashedi Nihad A. M. , Alburkat Hussein , Munahi Murad G. , Jasim Ali H. , Salman Batool Kadham , Oda Basel Saber , Mossa Abbas Abd-Alsahib , Abbas Ahmed Abdulrazzaq , Vapalahti Olli , Sironen Tarja , Smura Teemu
Published: October 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant was first reported in India. Thereafter, the Delta variant became the most prevalent variant globally. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an early imported case of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 AY.122 strain in Iraq. The strain was obtained from a flight passenger from India to Iraq on 20 April 2021.
Folding Features and Dynamics of 3D Genome Architecture in Plant Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Xia Chongjing , Huang Liang , Huang Jie , Zhang Hao , Huang Ying , Benhamed Moussa , Wang Meinan , Chen Xianming , Zhang Min , Liu Taiguo , Chen Wanquan
Published: October 2022

Previously, our understanding of 3D genome architecture has mainly come from model mammals, insects, and plants. However, the organization and regulatory functions of 3D genomes in fungi are largely unknown.
Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Activity and Protective Immunity in Different Vaccine Types Using Three Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Assays and Two Semiquantitative Binding Assays Targeting the Receptor-Binding Domain
Authors: Lee Beomki , Ko Jae-Hoon , Lee Kyoung Hwa , Kim Yong Chan , Song Young Goo , Park Yoon Soo , Baek Yae Jee , Ahn Jin Young , Choi Jun Yong , Song Kyoung-Ho , Kim Eu Suk , Bae Seongman , Kim Sung-Han , Jeong Hye Won , Kim Shin-Woo , Kwon Ki Tae , Kim Su-Hwan , Jeong Hyeonji , Kim Byoungguk , Kim Sung Soon , Choi Won Suk , Peck Kyong Ran , Kang Eun-Suk
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to last, despite high COVID-19 vaccination rates. As many people experience breakthrough infection after prior infection and/or vaccination, estimating the neutralization activity and predicting the protective effect are major issues of concern.
Exposure to umbilical cord management approaches and death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 22–26 months’ corrected age after extremely preterm birth
Authors: Handley Sara C , Kumbhat Neha , Eggleston Barry , Foglia Elizabeth E , Davis Alexis S , Van Meurs Krisa , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Walsh Michele , Watterberg Kristi L , Wyckoff Myra H , Das Abhik , DeMauro Sara B
Published: October 2022

Objective

To compare death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 22–26 months’ corrected age (CA) among extremely preterm infants following exposure to different forms of umbilical cord management.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Eunice Kennedy ShriverNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network registry.

Patients

Infants born <27 weeks’ gestation in 2016–2018 without severe congenital anomalies who received active treatment after birth and underwent neurodevelopmental assessments between 22 and 26 months’ CA.

Exposures

Immediate cord clamping (ICC), delayed cord clamping (DCC) or umbilical cord milking (UCM).

Main outcomes and measure

Primary composite outcome of death or severe NDI at 22–26 months’ CA, defined as severe cerebral palsy, Bayley-III cognitive/motor composite score <70, bilateral deafness or blindness; individual components were examined as secondary outcomes. Multivariable regression examined associations, adjusting for risk factors identified a priori and potential confounders. Mediation analysis explored the effect of severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) on the exposure-outcome relationship.

Results

Among 1900 infants, 64.1% were exposed to ICC, 27.8% to DCC and 8.1% to UCM. Compared with ICC-exposed infants, DCC-exposed infants had lower odds of death or severe NDI (adjusted OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.83). No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing UCM with either ICC or DCC, or between secondary outcomes across groups. Association between cord management and the primary outcome was not mediated by severe IVH.

Conclusion

Compared with ICC, DCC exposure was associated with lower death or severe NDI at 22–26 months’ CA among extremely preterm infants, which was not mediated by severe IVH.
Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma: unusual cause of isolated sphenoid sinus lesion
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Jaiswal Avinash Shekhar , Kakkar Aanchal , Sagar Prem
Published: October 2022

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumour of the head and neck region, most commonly seen in parotid glands. These may arise also from minor salivary glands of the upper aerodigestive tract comprises the upper lip, cheek, floor of the mouth and rarely from mucoserous glands in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A middle-aged man, who had undergone surgery for a nasal mass 14 years ago, presented with headache and visual complaints from a recurrent mass originating from the sphenoid sinus. Isolated sphenoid sinus space-occupying lesions have always been a diagnostic challenge. The mass was biopsied and diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on histopathology, and then excised endoscopically. Early and accurate diagnosis on a biopsy may result in complete excision of the tumour and prevent recurrence. The endoscopic route is preferred for surgical excision and the patient should be followed up clinically and radiologically to detect early recurrence.
HCAHPS: having constant communication augments hospital and patient satisfaction
Authors: Tiperneni Raghu , Patel Shailee , Heis Farah , Ghali Samara , Du Doantrang , Ghali Wael , Russo Lauren , Granet Kenneth
Published: October 2022

Background and aim

The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) has become a standardised instrument to measure hospitalised patients’ perception of care. Our hospital’s HCAHPS scores for the ‘communication with doctors’ domain in medical service were suboptimal when compared with peer groups in December 2020. Our goal was to improve performance in the ‘communication with doctors’ domain to at least 50% from baseline over a 6-month period.

Intervention

Orientation of house staff, nurses and attendings on the Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explain, Thank you (AIDET) approach. Implementation of the afternoon rounds (with documentation) along with the morning rounds to summarise the plan and discuss updates throughout the day to enhance doctor–patient communication.

Data analysis

HCAHPS domain scores for ‘communication with doctors’ with each subcategory were tracked monthly as well as the number of PM notes written as a measure of afternoon rounds.

Results

‘Communication with doctor’ domain improved from 8% percentile rank in December to as high as 78%. ‘Doctors treat you with courtesy/respect’ improved from 24% percentile rank in December to as high as 90%. ‘Doctors listen carefully to you’ improved from 13% percentile rank in December to as high as 88%. ‘Doctors explain in a way you understand’ improved from 2% percentile rank in December to as high as 72%.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that HCAHPS scores in the ‘communication with doctors’ domain can be improved when employing the AIDET approach with each patient encounter and the addition of afternoon rounds. Sustainability is vital to the success of these interventions, as we observed in our results that there is a direct proportional correlation with the number of afternoon rounds performed with higher scores.
New NHS Prehospital Major Incident Triage Tool: from MIMMS to MITT
Authors: Vassallo James , Moran Chris G , Cowburn Philip , Smith Jason
Published: October 2022

Triage is a key principle in the effective management of major incidents and is the process by which patients are prioritised on the basis of their clinical acuity. However, work published over the last decade has demonstrated that existing methods of triage perform poorly when trying to identify patients in need of life-saving interventions. As a result, a review of major incident triage was initiated by NHS England with the remit to determine the optimum way in which to triage patients of all ages in a major incident for the UK. This article describes the output from this review, the changes being undertaken to UK major incident triage and the introduction of the new NHS Major Incident Triage Tool from the Spring of 2023.
Using drone mapping to evaluate error of plot-based field surveys and its effects on moderate spatial resolution remote sensing retrieval of lichen cover
Authors: Pouliot Darren , Mao Mao , Fraser Robert H. , Kennedy Blair , Leblanc Sylvain G. , He Liming , Chen Wenjun
Published: October 2022

Effective plot-based field sampling involves a trade-off between implementation efficiency and sample error. Optimal field sampling therefore requires quantifying the sample error under various sampling designs. For remote sensing applications, it is also important to understand how field sample error and training sample size (the number of pixels) affect the retrieval of surface properties. In this research, drone imagery was used to simulate field plots and investigate plot sampling error for forage lichen cover in relation to plot size, number of plots, and sampling strategy. The effect of this error on remote sensing-based lichen cover retrieval was evaluated using varying training sampling sizes in two different study regions in northern Canada. Results showed that cover with high spatial variability increased the number of plots or plot size required to achieve a specified level of error. For lichen cover retrieval at moderate spatial resolution (10–30 m), field sampling (plot size and number of plots) did not have as significant of an effect as regional differences (spectral separability of cover types), sensor, and the number of pixels used for model training. This plot simulation approach using drone images can be applied to other surface properties and regions to provide field sampling guidance.
Homogeneous protein assays mediated by dynamic DNA nanotechnology
Authors: Gao Jiajie , Gao Lu , Tang Yanan , Li Feng
Published: October 2022

Driven by recent advances in DNA nanotechnology, analytical methods have been greatly improved for designing simple and homogeneous assays for proteins. The translation from target proteins to DNA outputs dramatically enhances the sensitivity of protein assays. More importantly, the protein-responsive DNA nanotechnology has offered diverse assay mechanisms, allowing flexible assay designs and high sensitivity without the need for sophisticated operational procedures. This review will focus on the design principles and mechanistic insight of analytical assays mediated by protein-responsive DNA nanotechnology, which will serve a general guide for assay design and applications.
A comparison of four machine learning techniques and continuous wavelet transform approach for detection and classification of tool breakage during milling process
Authors: Demir Habibe Gursoy , Yesilyurt Isa
Published: October 2022

In machining, the tool condition has to be monitored by condition monitoring techniques to prevent damage by the use of tools and the workpiece. Cutting forces acting on the tool between zero and maximum values cause the cutting edge to crack and break. Predetection of this situation in the cutting tool is very important to prevent any negative situation that may occur. This study introduces a vibration-based intelligent tool condition monitoring technique to detect involute form cutter faults such as tool breakage at different levels during gear production on a milling machine. Machine learning algorithms such as artificial neural network, random forest, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbor were used to detect the broken teeth and its level of breakage. According to the results obtained, it was observed that all the algorithms are successful in detecting faults in different teeth; also they have identification advantages according to different fault levels. In addition, the time and frequency domain analysis and continuous wavelet transform were used to determine the local faults. The developed machine learning-based detection performances compared the classical time and frequency domain analyses and continuous wavelet transform to prove the effectiveness and precision of the proposed methods. The results showed that all of the machine learning techniques have satisfactory performance to be used as fast and precise detection tools without complex calculations for detecting tool breakage.
Interpretation of the $$\Lambda _c(2910)^+$$ baryon newly seen by Belle Collaboration and its possible bottom partner
Authors: Azizi K. , Sarac Y. , Sundu H.
Published: October 2022

The developments in the experimental facilities and analyses techniques have recently lead to the observation of many hadronic states ranging from excitations of conventional hadrons to various exotic states. The baryons with single heavy quark are among these states providing an attractive field of research to get a better understanding of the nonperturbative nature of the strong interaction. Recently, the Belle Collaboration announced observation of the state $$\Lambda _c(2910)^+$$

Λ
c

(
2910
)

+

with a mass $$2913.8\pm 5.6\pm 3.8~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$$

2913.8
±
5.6
±
3.8

MeV
/

c
2

and width $$51.8\pm 20.0\pm 18.8~\textrm{MeV}$$

51.8
±
20.0
±
18.8

MeV

. In the present study, by the mass analyses of different excitations at $$\Lambda _c$$

Λ
c

channel and their comparison with existing experimental information, we find that the spin-parity of this newly found excited state is $$ J^P= \frac{1}{2}^-$$

J
P

=

1
2

-

and it is a 2P state denoting by $$\Lambda _c(\frac{1}{2}^-,2P)$$

Λ
c

(

1
2

-

,
2
P
)

. We predict its current coupling as well, which can be served as one of the main input parameters to investigate different decays and interactions of this particle. We also determine the mass and current coupling of $$\Lambda _b(\frac{1}{2}^-,2P)$$

Λ
b

(

1
2

-

,
2
P
)

as possible bottom counterpart of the new $$\Lambda _c(2910)^+$$

Λ
c

(
2910
)

+

state, which may be in agenda of different experiments in near future.
The ternary Goldbach problem with two Piatetski–Shapiro primes and a prime with a missing digit
Authors: Maier Helmut , Rassias Michael Th.
Published: October 2022

Let [Formula: see text] Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be fixed. Let also [Formula: see text].

We prove on assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis that each sufficiently large odd integer [Formula: see text] can be represented in the form [Formula: see text] where the [Formula: see text] are of the form [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text] and the decimal expansion of [Formula: see text] does not contain the digit [Formula: see text]. The proof merges methods of Maynard from his paper on the infinitude of primes with restricted digits, results of Balog and Friedlander on Piatetski-Shapiro primes and the Hardy–Littlewood circle method in two variables. This is the first result on the ternary Goldbach problem with primes of mixed type which involves primes with missing digits.
Infectious Diseases-Related Uncertainty and the Predictability of Foreign Exchange and Bitcoin Futures Realized Volatility
Authors: Shiba Sisa , Cunado Juncal , Gupta Rangan , Goswami Samrat
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the forecasting power of daily infectious disease-related uncertainty in predicting the realized volatility of nine foreign exchange futures and the Bitcoin futures series using the heterogeneous autoregressive realized variance model. Our results indicate that the infectious diseases-related uncertainty index plays a crucial role in predicting the future path of foreign exchange and Bitcoin futures realized volatility in all the selected time intervals. These findings have important implications for portfolio managers and investors during periods of high levels of uncertainty associated with infectious diseases.
Assessing the utility of death assemblages as reference conditions in a common benthic index (M-AMBI) with simulations
Authors: Smith Jansen A. , Pruden Matthew J. , Handley John C. , Durham Stephen R. , Dietl Gregory P.
Published: October 2022

Incorporating palaeontological data into the methods and formats already familiar to conservation practitioners may facilitate greater use of palaeontological data in conservation practice. Benthic indices (e.g. Multivariate-AZTI Marine Biotic Index; M-AMBI) already incorporate reference conditions and are a good candidate for integration. In simulations of living communities under constant and changing environmental conditions, we evaluate the capacity of death assemblage reference conditions to replicate M-AMBI values when used in place of reference conditions from the final ten generations of the simulation or all five hundred simulated generations.

Reference conditions from all death assemblage scenarios successfully replicated correct remediation decisions in the majority of simulation runs with environmental change and stability. Variations in M-AMBI values were due to overestimated species richness and Shannon entropy values in the death assemblages but effects of changes to these parameters varied across scenarios, emphasizing the importance of evaluating multiple metrics. Time averaging was largely beneficial, particularly when environmental change occurred and short-term ecological observations (ten generations) produced incorrect remediation decisions. When the duration of time averaging is known, death assemblages can provide valuable longer-term perspectives with the potential to outperform temporally constrained baseline information from monitoring the living community.
Hans Keidel and Alexander du Toit's relationship and its impact on Wegener's Continental Drift hypothesis
Authors: Ramos Victor A.
Published: October 2022

This work presents research that we intended to publish jointly with Maarten de Wit on the importance of Hans Keidel in the definition of the Gondwanides and in his pioneering proposal of correlation between the Sierras de la Ventana mountain system in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and its counterpart in the Cape System in South Africa. Keidel's proposals were used by Wegener in the 1920 second edition of his ‘Theory on Continental Drift’. Keidel's role and his ideas of correlation were recognized and strengthened by du Toit's fieldwork in 1923 in the Sierras de la Ventana and which he left behind in his field notebook. Du Toit has the credit of being the first to carry out fieldwork on both continents. His observations and his precise correlations confirmed Keidel's hypotheses through his 1927 publication and his book on the Wandering Continents. It is noteworthy that after Wegener's death in 1930, du Toit defended the Theory of Continental Drift for years almost alone. The work is documented with photographs from du Toit's trip to South America, the originals of which have been lost in the devastating 2021 fire at the Jagger Library at the University of Cape Town.
Lifelong Online Learning from Accumulated Knowledge
Authors: Shui Changjian , Wang William , Hedhli Ihsen , Wong Chi Man , Wan Feng , Wang Boyu , Gagné Christian
Published: October 2022

In this article, we formulate lifelong learning as an online transfer learning procedure over consecutive tasks, where learning a given task depends on the accumulated knowledge. We propose a novel theoretical principled framework, lifelong
online
learning, where the learning process for each task is in an incremental manner. Specifically, our framework is composed of two-level predictions: the prediction information that is solely from the current task; and the prediction from the knowledge base by previous tasks. Moreover, this article tackled several fundamental challenges: arbitrary or even non-stationary task generation process, an unknown number of instances in each task, and constructing an efficient accumulated knowledge base. Notably, we provide a provable bound of the proposed algorithm, which offers insights on the how the accumulated knowledge improves the predictions. Finally, empirical evaluations on both synthetic and real datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Directed Shortest Paths via Approximate Cost Balancing
Authors: Orlin James B. , Végh László
Published: October 2022

We present an
O(nm)
algorithm for all-pairs shortest paths computations in a directed graph with
n
nodes,
m
arcs, and nonnegative integer arc costs. This matches the complexity bound attained by Thorup [
31
] for the all-pairs problems in undirected graphs. The main insight is that shortest paths problems with approximately balanced directed cost functions can be solved similarly to the undirected case. The algorithm finds an approximately balanced reduced cost function in an
O(m
√
n
log
n
) preprocessing step. Using these reduced costs, every shortest path query can be solved in
O(m)
time using an adaptation of Thorup’s component hierarchy method. The balancing result can also be applied to the ℓ
∞
-matrix balancing problem.
MaxSAT Resolution and Subcube Sums
Authors: Filmus Yuval , Mahajan Meena , Sood Gaurav , Vinyals Marc
Published: October 2022

We study the MaxSAT Resolution (MaxRes) rule in the context of certifying unsatisfiability. We show that it can be exponentially more powerful than tree-like resolution, and when augmented with weakening (the system MaxResW),
p
-simulates tree-like resolution. In devising a lower bound technique specific to MaxRes (and not merely inheriting lower bounds from Res), we define a new proof system called the SubCubeSums proof system. This system, which
p
-simulates MaxResW, can be viewed as a special case of the semi-algebraic Sherali–Adams proof system. In expressivity, it is the integral restriction of conical juntas studied in the contexts of communication complexity and extension complexity. We show that it is not simulated by Res. Using a proof technique qualitatively different from the lower bounds that MaxResW inherits from Res, we show that Tseitin contradictions on expander graphs are hard to refute in SubCubeSums. We also establish a lower bound technique via lifting: for formulas requiring large degree in SubCubeSums, their XOR-ification requires large size in SubCubeSums.
On the Descriptive Complexity of Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Authors: Bodirsky Manuel , Rydval Jakub
Published: October 2022

Finite-domain constraint satisfaction problems are either solvable by Datalog or not even expressible in fixed-point logic with counting. The border between the two regimes can be described by a universal-algebraic minor condition. For infinite-domain constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), the situation is more complicated even if the template structure of the CSP is model-theoretically tame. We prove that there is no Maltsev condition that characterizes Datalog already for the CSPs of first-order reducts of (ℚ;<); such CSPs are calledtemporal CSPsand are of fundamental importance in infinite-domain constraint satisfaction. Our main result is a complete classification of temporal CSPs that can be expressed in one of the following logical formalisms: Datalog, fixed-point logic (with or without counting), or fixed-point logic with the mod-2 rank operator. The classification shows that many of the equivalent conditions in the finite fail to capture expressibility in Datalog or fixed-point logic already for temporal CSPs.
A Systematic Survey of Just-in-Time Software Defect Prediction
Authors: Zhao Yunhua , Damevski Kostadin , Chen Hui
Published: October 2022

Recent years have experienced sustained focus in research on software defect prediction that aims to predict the likelihood of software defects. Moreover, with the increased interest in continuous deployment, a variant of software defect prediction called
Just-in-Time Software Defect Prediction
(JIT-SDP) focuses on predicting whether each incremental software change is defective. JIT-SDP is unique in that it consists of two interconnected data streams, one consisting of the arrivals of software changes stemming from design and implementation, and the other the (defective or clean) labels of software changes resulting from quality assurance processes.

We present a systematic survey of 67 JIT-SDP studies with the objective to help researchers advance the state of the art in JIT-SDP and to help practitioners become familiar with recent progress. We summarize best practices in each phase of the JIT-SDP workflow, carry out a meta-analysis of prior studies, and suggest future research directions. Our meta-analysis of JIT-SDP studies indicates, among other findings, that the predictive performance correlates with change defect ratio, suggesting that JIT-SDP is most performant in projects that experience relatively high defect ratios. Future research directions for JIT-SDP include situating each technique into its application domain, reliability-aware JIT-SDP, and user-centered JIT-SDP.
The Complexity of Gradient Descent: CLS = PPAD ∩ PLS
Authors: Fearnley John , Goldberg Paul , Hollender Alexandros , Savani Rahul
Published: October 2022

We study search problems that can be solved by performing Gradient Descent on a bounded convex polytopal domain and show that this class is equal to the intersection of two well-known classes: PPAD and PLS. As our main underlying technical contribution, we show that computing a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point of a continuously differentiable function over the domain [0,1]
2
is PPAD ∩ PLS-complete. This is the first non-artificial problem to be shown complete for this class. Our results also imply that the class CLS (Continuous Local Search) – which was defined by Daskalakis and Papadimitriou as a more “natural” counterpart to PPAD ∩ PLS and contains many interesting problems – is itself equal to PPAD ∩ PLS.
The Complexity of Quantified Constraints: Collapsibility, Switchability, and the Algebraic Formulation
Authors: Carvalho Catarina , Madelaine Florent , Martin Barnaby , Zhuk Dmitriy
Published: October 2022

Let 𝔸 be an idempotent algebra on a finite domain. By mediating between results of Chen [
1
] and Zhuk [
2
], we argue that if 𝔸 satisfies the polynomially generated powers property (PGP) and ℬ is a constraint language invariant under 𝔸 (i.e., in Inv(𝔸)), then QCSP ℬ is in NP. In doing this, we study the special forms of PGP, switchability, and collapsibility, in detail, both algebraically and logically, addressing various questions such as decidability on the way.

We then prove a complexity-theoretic converse in the case of infinite constraint languages encoded in propositional logic, that if Inv}(𝔸) satisfies the exponentially generated powers property (EGP), then QCSP (Inv(𝔸)) is co-NP-hard. Since Zhuk proved that only PGP and EGP are possible, we derive a full dichotomy for the QCSP, justifying what we term the
Revised Chen Conjecture
. This result becomes more significant now that the original Chen Conjecture (see [
3
]) is known to be false [
4
].

Switchability was introduced by Chen [
1
] as a generalization of the already-known collapsibility [
5
]. There, an algebra 𝔸 :=({ 0,1,2};
r
) was given that is switchable and not collapsible. We prove that, for all finite subsets Δ of Inv (𝔸 A), Pol (Δ) is collapsible. The significance of this is that, for QCSP on finite structures, it is still possible all QCSP tractability (in NP) explained by switchability is already explained by collapsibility. At least, no counterexample is known to this.
Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic
Authors: Schuur Edward A.G. , Abbott Benjamin W. , Commane Roisin , Ernakovich Jessica , Euskirchen Eugenie , Hugelius Gustaf , Grosse Guido , Jones Miriam , Koven Charlie , Leshyk Victor , Lawrence David , Loranty Michael M. , Mauritz Marguerite , Olefeldt David , Natali Susan , Rodenhizer Heidi , Salmon Verity , Schädel Christina , Strauss Jens , Treat Claire , Turetsky Merritt
Published: October 2022

Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much permafrost carbon will be released, over what time frame, and what the relative emissions of carbon dioxide and methane will be is key for understanding the impact on global climate. In addition, the response of vegetation in a warming climate has the potential to offset at least some of the accelerating feedback to the climate from permafrost carbon. Temperature, organic carbon, and ground ice are key regulators for determining the impact of permafrost ecosystems on the global carbon cycle. Together, these encompass services of permafrost relevant to global society as well as to the people living in the region and help to determine the landscape-level response of this region to a changing climate.
Ontogenetic scaling of the baroreflex function in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Filogonio Renato , Rodrigues Gerson J. , Leite Cléo A. C.
Published: October 2022

Large body mass ( Mb) in vertebrates is associated with longer pulse intervals between heartbeats (PI) and thicker arterial walls. Longer PI increases the time for diastolic pressure decay, possibly resulting in loss of cardiac energy as “oscillatory power,” whereas thicker arterial walls may affect the transmission of impulses and sensing of pressure fluctuations thus impairing baroreflex function. We aimed to investigate the effect of growth on the relative cardiac energy loss and baroreflex function. We predicted that 1) the relative use of cardiac energy should be preserved with increased time constant for pressure decay (τ = vascular resistance × compliance) and 2) if arterial circumferential distensibility does not change, baroreflex function should be unaltered with Mb. To test these hypotheses, we used green iguanas ( Iguana iguana) weighing from 0.03 to 1.34 kg (43-fold increment in Mb). PI ( P = 0.037) and τ ( P = 0.035) increased with Mb, whereas the oscillatory power fraction ( P = 0.245) was unrelated to it. Thus, the concomitant alterations of τ and PI allowed the conservation of cardiac energy in larger lizards. Larger animals had thicker arterial walls ( P = 0.0007) and greater relative collagen content ( P = 0.022). Area compliance scaled positively to Mb( P = 0.045), though circumferential distensibility ( P = 0.155) and elastic modulus ( P = 0.762) were unaltered. In addition, baroreflex sensitivity, measured by both the pharmacological ( P = 0.152) and sequence methods ( P = 0.088), and the baroreflex effectiveness index ( P = 0.306) were also unrelated to Mb. Therefore, changes in arterial morphology did not affect circumferential distensibility and presumably sensing of pressure fluctuation, and the cardiovagal baroreflex is preserved across different Mb.
The Effect of Nonpharmacological Integrated Care Protocols on Patients with Fatigue Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zuo Manhua , Zuo Na , Lin Jinrong , Zhuo Jing , Jing Xinghui , Tang Jun
Published: October 2022

This study was designed to investigate the effects of nonpharmacological integrated care protocols on fatigue in patients with hemodialysis. This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients undergoing hemodialysis from May to October 2020 at the Dialysis Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. The patients were randomized into an intervention group (accepting nonpharmacological integrated care protocols and standard care) or a control group (accepting standard care only) using a computer-generated random number. The nonpharmacological holistic care intervention used in this study involved a well-rounded multidisciplinary team that worked together to improve dietary compliance, medication adherence, and self-management to improve patients’ care and promote self-management. From the 120 evaluated patients, 116 cases were eligible and analyzed. The results showed that patients from the intervention group had obviously reduced overall fatigue, mental fatigue, and muscular fatigue relative to the control group. The nonpharmacological integrated care protocols were interactive and promotive to each other. Meanwhile, the role and function of nurses in the management of chronic disease were demonstrated to be crucial.
Exploration of the Protective Mechanism of Bax Removal against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury of Skin Flap through the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
Authors: Wang Yapeng , Wu Yongwei , Wang Peng , Luo Junhao , Rui Yongjun
Published: October 2022

This research is aimed at exploring the influences of the Bax gene in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its protective mechanism against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of skin flap. Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were equally divided into the experimental group (Bax gene knockout rats) and control group. The dorsal flap model was prepared, and the survival rate of flap was observed after surgery. The rat flap tissue was cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The distribution characteristics of p38MAPK and Bax were detected to evaluate the protective mechanism of Bax gene knockout on IRI of skin flap. After surgery, the survival rate of flaps in the experimental group (82.32%, 70.28%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (57.64%, 46.14%) (

P
<
0.05

). The results of HE staining showed that on the 1st day after surgery, compared with those in the control group, the skin flaps of the rats in the experimental group were arranged more neatly. The results of TUNEL staining showed that compared with that of the control group, the tissue structure of the skin flap of the experimental group was normal and only a few apoptotic cells appeared. In addition, compared with that in the control group (7.14, 4.25, 3.48, 2.18/6.46, 7.12, 4.86, and 2.44), the expression of Bax and p38 MAPK in the experimental group (0.96, 0.81, 0.76, 0.55/1.63, 1.33, 1.01, and 0.56) significantly decreased (

P
<
0.05

). In short, after the Bax gene was knocked out, injury of the flap after ischemia-reperfusion was considerably improved, which may play a protective role on the IRI of the flap by affecting the p38MAPK pathway.
Feasibility of Using High-Resolution Computed Tomography Features for Invasiveness Differentiation of Malignant Nodules Manifesting as Ground-Glass Nodules
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Yao Benbo , Li Juan , Liang Chunxiao , Qi Rui , Yu Jianqun
Published: October 2022

Ground-glass nodule (GGN)-like adenocarcinoma is a special subtype of lung cancer. The invasiveness of the nodule correlates well with the patient’s prognosis. This study aimed to establish a radiomic model for invasiveness differentiation of malignant nodules manifesting as ground glass on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Between January 2014 and July 2019, 276 pulmonary nodules manifesting as GGNs on preoperative HRCTs, whose histological results were available, were collected. The nodules were randomly classified into training (n = 221) and independent testing (n = 55) cohorts. Three logistic models using features derived from HRCT were fit in the training cohort and validated in both aforementioned cohorts for invasive adenocarcinoma and preinvasive-minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) differentiation. The model with the best performance was presented as a nomogram and was validated using a calibration curve before performing a decision curve analysis. The benefit of using the proposed model was also shown by groups of management strategies recommended by The Fleischner Society. The combined model showed the best differentiation performance (area under the curve (AUC), training set = 0.89, and testing set = 0.92). The quantitative texture model showed better performance (AUC, training set = 0.87, and testing set = 0.91) than the semantic model (AUC, training set = 0.83, and testing set = 0.79). Of the 94 type 2 nodules that were IACs, 66 were identified by this model. Models using features derived from imaging are effective for differentiating between preinvasive-MIA and IACs among lung adenocarcinomas appearing as GGNs on CT images.
Height Effect on Interactions between the Hydraulic Fracture and Natural Fractures
Authors: Wang Daobing , Taleghani Arash Dahi , Yu Bo
Published: October 2022

Since natural fractures have shorter heights, it is necessary to incorporate the height difference in the mechanical behavior of hydraulic fracture crossing cemented natural fractures at different angles. However, the impact of fracture height growth on the mechanical behavior of intersection of natural fracture and hydraulic fracture is not yet fully understood at present. In this study, we use adaptive cohesive zone methods to investigate the impact of fracture height on the mechanical behaviors of a propagating hydrofracture crossing natural fractures at different intersection angles. The fracture patterns and mechanical mechanisms for crack propagation crossing with cemented natural fractures are discussed. The increase of fracture height could restrain the crack propagation along the southwest orientation of the natural fracture, but it hardly affects the propagation along the northeast orientation of the natural fracture. A lot of bands appear at a relatively larger formation thickness. The stress shadow between adjacent cohesive layers increases as the formation height increases, which could promote crack initiation and propagation between the adjacent joints or natural fractures. The cracking zone is related to the position of the natural fracture or joint sets with respect to the advancing hydrofracture. Key factors, including the formation height, tensile strength of cemented natural fractures, and their intersection angle with the growing hydrofracture propagation, are investigated in details. In addition, the pressure fluctuation frequency increases as the fracture height increases due to the strong hydraulic and natural fracture interaction. This study provides a new perspective for the development of complex fracture network patterns in cemented formations.
Geometry-Based Stochastic Model and Statistical Characteristic Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Channels
Authors: Liao Chengjian , Xu Kui , Xia Xiaochen , Xie Wei , Sha Nan , Chen Lihua , Liu Ningsong
Published: October 2022

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems exhibit many characteristics that differ from those of traditional centralized massive MIMO systems, and there are still research gaps in the modeling of cell-free massive MIMO channels. In this paper, a geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) that combines the double-ring model and hemisphere model to comprehensively consider the distribution of scatterers in the environment was proposed for cell-free massive MIMO channels. Combined with the line-of-sight (LoS) path, single scattering path, and double scattering path components, the channel matrix between the access points (APs) and the user was derived. The proposed model fully considers geometric parameters such as the arrival/departure direction, elevation angle, time delay, and distance, which can accurately characterize the channel. Then, we proved that the traditional channel model, standard block-fading model, and spatial basis expansion model (SBEM) adopted in a cell-free massive MIMO system could not describe the nonstationarity in the space, time, and frequency domains, whereas the proposed GBSM could. Statistical characteristics of the channel were analyzed, including the space cross-correlation function (CCF), time autocorrelation function (ACF), Doppler power spectral density (PSD), level crossing rate (LCR), and average fade duration (AFD). Then, we investigated the proposed model by simulating the space CCF, time ACF, Doppler PSD, LCR, and AFD under the conditions of two different scatterer densities. Through simulations and analyses, some new features of cell-free massive MIMO channels were identified, providing a theoretical basis for in-depth research on cell-free massive MIMO systems. Finally, the measurement-based scenario and the WINNER II channel model are compared to demonstrate that the GBSM is more practical to characterize real cell-free massive MIMO channels.
CNN-Based Automatic Helmet Violation Detection of Motorcyclists for an Intelligent Transportation System
Authors: Waris Tasbeeha , Asif Muhammad , Ahmad Maaz Bin , Mahmood Toqeer , Zafar Sadia , Shah Mohsin , Ayaz Ahsan
Published: October 2022

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an advanced application that supports multiple transport and traffic management modes. ITS services include calling for emergency rescue and monitoring traffic laws with the help of roadside units. It is observed that many people lose their lives in motorbike accidents mainly due to not wearing helmets. Automatic helmet violation detection of motorcyclists from real-time videos is a demanding application in ITS. It enables one to spot and penalize bikers without a helmet. So, there is a need to develop a system that automatically detects and captures motorbikers without a helmet in real time. This work proposes a system to detect helmet violations automatically from surveillance videos captured by roadside-mounted cameras. The proposed technique is based on faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) deep learning model that takes video as an input and performs helmet violation detection to take necessary actions against traffic rule violators. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed system gives an accuracy of 97.69% and supersedes its competitors.
Comparative Evaluation of Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory Properties of Red Wine as Markers of Its Quality and Authenticity
Authors: Ofoedu Chigozie E. , Ofoedu Ebelechukwu O. , Chacha James S. , Owuamanam Clifford I. , Efekalam Ifeyinwa S. , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill
Published: October 2022

The consumption of red wine by most wine drinkers has increased significantly because of the perceived health benefits which are linked to its inherent quality characteristics. In the quest to determine the conformity of Nigeria’s domestic red wine quality with their international counterparts, the quality characteristics of domestic red wines produced in Nigeria were evaluated using foreign red wines as markers of wine quality and authenticity. Foreign and domestic red wines obtained in Nigeria were analyzed for physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties using standard methods. Results showed that the domestic wines had significantly (

p
<
0.05

) higher pH (4.03–4.16) and total sugar content (8.60–9.27%) while the foreign wines had significantly (

p
<
0.05

) higher total titratable acidity (0.76–0.83%), Brix (6.98–8.04 g/100 g), alcohol (14.44–15.21% ABV), and polyphenol content (385.13–412.75 mg/L). Additionally, the domestic wines exhibited significantly (

p
<
0.05

) lower antioxidant capacity compared to the foreign wines. Although the wines’ hue angle (27.68°–41.46°) indicated a red colour spectrum in the visible region of the opponent colour chart, the total colour difference (

Δ
E

) between foreign and domestic wines was significant. The sensory characteristics of the wines differed significantly as the panelist rating for overall acceptance ranged from 5.58 to 7.33. This research has provided valuable insight that the domestic wines studied showed a considerable level of authenticity and different levels of quality according to their varying concentration of organic acids, residual sugars, and phenolic compounds.