bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of psychological intervention on self-efficacy and coping style of depression patients under medical guidance in colleges and universities
Authors: Li Ronghua , Liu Min
Published: March 2023

Background

During the study period in college, students often suffer from depression because of serious psychological depression. When suffering from depression, it is difficult for college students to make effective self-adjustment. This will reduce their sense of self-efficacy, and ultimately lead to college students’ difficulty in effectively relieving their depression. The research points out that psychological intervention can specifically reduce college students’ depression, improve their well-being status, and then enhance their sense of self-efficacy, and promote college students’ rehabilitation.

Subjects and Methods

The study took 108 students with depression admitted to a university hospital as subjects, and randomly divided them into group A and group B. The students in group A were treated with routine psychological intervention, and the students in group B were treated with college medical guidance on the basis of psychological intervention. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) of the two groups was observed. General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used to analyze the change of self-efficacy of the two groups, and the questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate students’ coping style.

Results

The HAMD and GSES scores of the two groups of students were shown in Table 1. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the scores after intervention.Table 1.

Differences between the two groups of students before and after intervention

GroupHAMDGSESQuestionnaire survey on coping styleBefore interventionAfter interventionBefore interventionAfter interventionBefore interventionAfter interventionGroup A19.17±2.6415.22±2.3714.86±2.3520.18±2.5413.19±2.2116.24±3.39Group B19.53±2.4110.06±2.1514.39±2.4825.39±2.6213.22±2.2319.78±3.16P>0.05<0.05>0.05<0.05>0.05<0.05

Conclusions

The self-efficacy of college students with depression has seriously affected their rehabilitation effect. Therefore, the study proposed a psychological intervention strategy combined with college medical guidance. In the effect evaluation, the psychological intervention strategy of medical guidance in colleges and universities can significantly reduce the students’ depression scores and enhance their sense of self-efficacy. Therefore, in college teaching, we need to make full use of college medical guidance to improve the effect of psychological intervention and alleviate students’ depression.

Acknowledgements

The research is supported by: Sichuan Basic Education Research Center, Research on the carrier of patriotism education practice in primary and middle schools (No. 20SZSJYZ-03).
Fäkale Mikrobiotatransplantationen im Zusammenhang mit (kinder- und jugend-)psychiatrischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Trinh Stefanie , Keller Lara , Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate , Seitz Jochen
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: In den vergangenen Jahren ist ein deutlich zunehmendes Interesse an Darmmikrobiota und deren Interaktion mit dem Gehirn (Darm-Gehirn-Achse) zu beobachten. Dabei sind die bisher gewonnen Erkenntnisse der Mikrobiomforschung nicht nur für Grundlagenwissenschaftler_innen interessant, sondern bieten ebenfalls relevante Einsichten für die klinische Praxis. So erscheint ein kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen dem Darmmikrobiom und verschiedenen somatischen Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus, chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen oder Adipositas, aber auch psychiatrischen Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angststörungen oder Essstörungen plausibel. Um den kausalen Zusammenhang der Darmbakterien mit einzelnen Phänotypen in Verbindung zu bringen, werden sogenannte Stuhltransplantationen (fäkale Mikrobiotatransplantationen) im präklinischen Kontext angewandt. Hierzu werden Mikrobiotaproben von Patient_innen in Versuchstiere transferiert, um mögliche Veränderungen des Phänotyps zu beobachten. Im klinischen Kontext werden fäkale Mikrobiotatransplantationen für erste Erkrankungen, zum Beispiel bei wiederkehrenden Infektionen mit Clostridioides difficile oder bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen bereits in der Therapie eingesetzt und sind bei ersterer bereits Teil der offiziellen Behandlungsleitlinien. Für viele weitere Erkrankungen, darunter auch psychische Erkrankungen, werden die Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von Stuhltransplantationen im Rahmen der Therapie derzeit verstärkt erforscht. Bisherige Erkenntnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Darmmikrobiom und insbesondere fäkale Mikrobiotatransplantationen ein vielversprechender Ansatzpunkt für neue Therapien darstellt.
Prädiktion von Behandlungsabbrüchen bei Adoleszenten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Cornelisse Sven , Schmahl Christian , Enning Frank , Bohus Martin , Hohmann Sarah , Banaschewski Tobias , Wappler Felix , Bürger Arne , Kleindienst Nikolaus
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstöurng (BPS) kann bereits in der Adoleszenz zuverlässig diagnostiziert und wirksam behandelt werden. Eine möglichst frühe Behandlung der BPS durch störungsspezifische Therapien (z. B. Dialektisch-Behaviorale Therapie), erscheint ist sinnvoll, weil hierdurch selbstschädigende Verhaltensweisen und chronische Verläufe mit häufigen suizidalen Krisen verhindert und die langfristige psychosoziale Entwicklung verbessert werden kann. Mehrere Therapiestudien zur Wirksamkeit der Behandlung in der Adoleszenz zeigten sehr hohe Abbruchraten (bis zu 75 %), bisher sind allerdings nur wenig konsistente Ergebnisse zur Prädiktion von Therapieabbrüchen vorhanden. Fragestellung: Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Studie war daher im Rahmen einer Beobachtungsstudie a) die Abbruchrate in der Realversorgung und b) die möglichen Prädiktoren (klinische und demographische Variablen) des Abbruchs einer stationären Behandlung mit DBT für Adoleszente an N = 172 Patient_innen im Alter von 15 – 18 Jahren zu untersuchen. Methode: In einer logistischen Regression wurden 18 Prädiktoren (u. a. Alter, Anzahl der Diagnosen, Schwere der Symptomatik) in SPSS untersucht, die im Rahmen einer drei monatigen stationären Behandlung in der Routineversorgung erhoben wurden. Ergebnisse: Lediglich ein jüngeres Alter der Patient_innen war statistisch signifikant mit einem erhöhten Risiko für einen Therapieabbruch assoziiert. Keine statistisch bedeutsamen Zusammenhänge mit einem Therapieabbruch fanden sich hingegen für die untersuchten psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten (bspw. für das Vorliegen einer Essstörung), für die Schwere der BPS-spezifischen Psychopathologie und für BPS-typische problematische Verhaltensweisen (bspw. selbstschädigendes Verhalten oder Hochrisikoverhalten). Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Untersuchung ergibt keinen Anhalt dafür, dass bei stark ausgeprägter Symptombelastung eine erhöhte Gefahr für einen Abbruch einer Behandlung mit DBT besteht. Sollte das Ergebnis einer erhöhten Abbruchrate bei jüngeren Jugendlichen in weiteren Studien repliziert werden, wären systematische Untersuchungen zu Variablen notwendig, die bei jüngeren Jugendlichen eine besondere Bedeutung besitzen und mit einem Therapieabbruch in Zusammenhang stehen könnten (bspw. die Beziehung zu wichtigen Bezugspersonen). Hieraus ließen sich ggf. gezielte Therapiemodifikationen ableiten, die Therapieabbrüchen entgegenwirken.
The Differential Impact of Different COVID-19 Stressors on Complex PTSD, PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, and Executive Functions in Kuwait
Authors: Al Huwailah Amthal , Shuwiekh Hanaa , Kira Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differential impact of various COVID-19 stressors (economic, infection fears, grief, and lockdown stressors) and their cumulative impact on peri-post-COVID-19 syndrome. Peri-post-COVID-19 syndrome (PPCS) is a mental health and cognitive syndrome associated with chronic traumatic stress, particularly COVID-19. The sample consisted of 490 Kuwaiti citizens aged 18–60 years ( M = 24.97, SD = 9.10), with 66.3% being female. Data were collected from October 2021 to January 2022. We assessed how individuals felt about COVID-19 stressors, cumulative traumatic events and stressors, complex PTSD (CPTSD), PTSD, anxiety, depression, and executive functions. A structural equation was used to test the differential and cumulative impact of COVID-19 stressors. COVID-19 cumulative stressors, especially lockdown, had the strongest correlation with CPTSD. The highest variance was accounted for by lockdown stressors ( R2 = .752). COVID-19 cumulative stressors had a medium-to-large effect on PPCS. In the affluent Kuwaiti context, lockdown stressors appear to have a greater impact on mental health and executive dysfunction than other COVID-19 stressors. In the PPCS, CPTSD appears to be the most robust outcome variable. Conceptually, the study provided preliminary evidence of the PPCS and associated cognitive deficits as powerful drivers for COVID-19 and of continuous/prolonged traumatic stress for COVID-19. The study highlighted the need for innovation in developing multiparameter intervention strategies with a pericognitive and cognitive training component to address the multiple impacts of the pandemic.
Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection Spreading in Current Sheets of Non‐Uniform Thickness
Authors: Arencibia Milton , Cassak Paul A. , Shay Michael A. , Qiu Jiong , Petrinec Steven M. , Liang Haoming
Published: March 2023

Magnetic reconnection in naturally occurring and laboratory settings often begins locally and elongates, or spreads, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of reconnection. Previous work has largely focused on current sheets with a uniform thickness, for which the predicted spreading speed for anti‐parallel reconnection is the local speed of the current carriers. We derive a scaling theory of three‐dimensional (3D) spreading of collisionless anti‐parallel reconnection in a current sheet with its thickness varying in the out‐of‐plane direction, both for spreading from a thinner to thicker region and a thicker to thinner region. We derive an expression for calculating the time it takes for spreading to occur for a current sheet with a given profile of its thickness. A key result is that when reconnection spreads from a thinner to a thicker region, the spreading speed in the thicker region is slower than both the Alfvén speed and the speed of the local current carriers by a factor of the ratio of thin to thick current sheet thicknesses. This is important because magnetospheric and solar observations have previously measured the spreading speed to be slower than previously predicted, so the present mechanism might explain this feature. We confirm the theory via a parametric study using 3D two‐fluid numerical simulations. We use the prediction to calculate the time scale for reconnection spreading in Earth's magnetotail during geomagnetic activity. The results are also potentially important for understanding reconnection spreading in solar flares and the dayside magnetopause of Earth and other planets.
Nanoindentation of Horn River Basin Shales: The Micromechanical Contrast Between Overburden and Reservoir Formations
Authors: Charlton T. S. , Rouainia M. , Aplin A. C. , Fisher Q. J. , Bowen L.
Published: March 2023

We present a micromechanical characterization of shales from the Horn River Basin, NW Canada. The shales have contrasting mineralogy and microstructures and play different geomechanical roles in the field: the sample set covers an unconventional gas reservoir and the overburden unit that serves as the upper fracture barrier. Composition and texture were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, mercury injection porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grid nanoindentation testing was used to obtain the mechanical response of the dominant phases in the shale microstructure. Samples were indented parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane to assess mechanical anisotropy. Chemical analysis of the grids with SEM‐EDS (energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) was undertaken and the coupled chemo‐mechanical data was used in a statistical clustering procedure (Gaussian mixture model) to reveal the mechanical properties of each phase. The results show that the overburden consists of a soft clay matrix with highly anisotropic elastic stiffness, and stiffer but effectively isotropic inclusions of quartz and feldspar; the significant anisotropy of the overburden has been previously observed on a much larger scale using microseismic data. Creep displacement is concentrated in the clay matrix, which is the key phase for fracture barrier and seal applications. The reservoir units are harder and have more isotropic mechanical responses, primarily due to their lower clay content. Despite varied compositions and microstructures, the major phases of these shales (clay/organic matrix, quartz/feldspar, dolomite, and calcite) have unique mechanical signatures, which will aid identification in future micromechanical characterizations and facilitate their use in upscaling schemes.
Extreme Wildfires Make Their Own Weather
Authors: Cutts Elise
Published: March 2023

Extreme fires in the western United States and Southeast Asia influenced the local weather in ways that make fires and smoke pollution worse.
A Deeper Dive into Wintry, Carbon-Absorbing Antarctic Waters
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: March 2023

Cold surface water in the Southern Ocean is a critical component in ocean carbon uptake. A new study profiles it using state-of-the-art research techniques.
Kinematic Slip Evolution During the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding, China, Earthquake: Compatible With the Preseismic Locked Patch
Authors: Guo Rumeng , Li Luning , Zhang Wenting , Zhang Yijun , Tang Xiongwei , Dai Kun , Li Yu , Zhang Lupeng , Wang Jingqi
Published: March 2023

The September 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake broke more than 230 years of seismic calm on the Moxi fault, providing a unique opportunity to understand its seismogenic environment, rupture dynamics, and seismic hazard. Using teleseismic body waves, regional strong‐motion observations, GNSS, and InSAR data, we decipher the spatiotemporal rupture evolution of the mainshock. Combining the elastic dislocation model with surface creep, we find that the coseismic slip correlates closely with a locked patch with a loading rate of 9.7 mm/yr, but the creeping rate is insufficient to make up the shallow slip deficit. Notably, the Luding earthquake ruptured only ∼1/4 of the Moxi seismic gap, and it further increased the stress in the unruptured northern part. We thus argue that the Moxi fault has the potential for magnitude 7+ earthquakes in the near future, although geodetic prediction may overestimate the actual seismic moment released by the coseismic rupture.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces IL-18-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation via reduced mitophagy
Authors: Liang Shuxin , Bao Changlei , Yang Zi , Liu Shiyun , Sun Yanan , Cao Weitao , Wang Ting , Schwantes-An Tae-Hwi , Choy John S. , Naidu Samisubbu , Luo Ang , Yin Wenguang , Black Stephen M. , Wang Jian , Ran Pixin , Desai Ankit A. , Tang Haiyang
Published: March 2023

Cardiopulmonary complications are major drivers of mortality caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Interleukin-18, an inflammasome-induced cytokine, has emerged as a novel mediator of cardiopulmonary pathologies but its regulation via SARS-CoV-2 signaling remains unknown. Based on a screening panel, IL-18 was identified amongst 19 cytokines to stratify mortality and hospitalization burden in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Supporting clinical data, administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 (S1) glycoprotein or receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins into human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction associated with higher NF-κB phosphorylation (pNF-κB) and cardiopulmonary-derived IL-18 and NLRP3 expression. IL-18 inhibition via IL-18BP resulted in decreased cardiac pNF-κB and improved cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in S1- or RBD-exposed hACE2 mice. Through in vivo and in vitro work, both S1 and RBD proteins induced NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-18 expression by inhibiting mitophagy and increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygenation species. Enhancing mitophagy prevented Spike protein-mediated IL-18 expression. Moreover, IL-18 inhibition reduced Spike protein-mediated pNF-κB and EC permeability. Overall, the link between reduced mitophagy and inflammasome activation represents a novel mechanism during COVID-19 pathogenesis and suggests IL-18 and mitophagy as potential therapeutic targets.
Lack of adipocyte IP3R1 reduces diet-induced obesity and greatly improves whole-body glucose homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Lu , Wang Yubo , He Linjuan , Xu Doudou , Yan Enfa , Guo Jianxin , Ma Chenghong , Zhang Pengguang , Yin Jingdong
Published: March 2023

The normal function of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue ensures whole-body glucose homeostasis. Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) plays a vital role in regulating diet-induced obesity and disorders, but its functions in peripheral tissue regulating glucose homeostasis remain unexplored. In this study, mice with Ip3r1 specific knockout in skeletal muscle or adipocytes were used for investigating the mediatory role of IP3R1 on whole-body glucose homeostasis under normal or high-fat diet. We reported that IP3R1 expression levels were increased in the white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. Ip3r1 knockout in skeletal muscle improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of mice on a normal chow diet, but worsened insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. These changes were associated with the reduced muscle weight and compromised Akt signaling activation. Importantly, Ip3r1 deletion in adipocytes protected mice from diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, mainly due to the enhanced lipolysis and AMPK signaling pathway in the visceral fat. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that IP3R1 in skeletal muscle and adipocytes exerts divergent effects on systemic glucose homeostasis, and characterizes adipocyte IP3R1 as a promising target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces DNA damage, through CHK1 degradation and impaired 53BP1 recruitment, and cellular senescence
Authors: Gioia Ubaldo , Tavella Sara , Martínez-Orellana Pamela , Cicio Giada , Colliva Andrea , Ceccon Marta , Cabrini Matteo , Henriques Ana C. , Fumagalli Valeria , Paldino Alessia , Presot Ettore , Rajasekharan Sreejith , Iacomino Nicola , Pisati Federica , Matti Valentina , Sepe Sara , Conte Matilde I. , Barozzi Sara , Lavagnino Zeno , Carletti Tea , Volpe Maria Concetta , Cavalcante Paola , Iannacone Matteo , Rampazzo Chiara , Bussani Rossana , Tripodo Claudio , Zacchigna Serena , Marcello Alessandro , d’Adda di Fagagna Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the RNA virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 was reported to alter several cellular pathways, its impact on DNA integrity and the mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 causes DNA damage and elicits an altered DNA damage response. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 proteins ORF6 and NSP13 cause degradation of the DNA damage response kinase CHK1 through proteasome and autophagy, respectively. CHK1 loss leads to deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) shortage, causing impaired S-phase progression, DNA damage, pro-inflammatory pathways activation and cellular senescence. Supplementation of deoxynucleosides reduces that. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 N-protein impairs 53BP1 focal recruitment by interfering with damage-induced long non-coding RNAs, thus reducing DNA repair. Key observations are recapitulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice and patients with COVID-19. We propose that SARS-CoV-2, by boosting ribonucleoside triphosphate levels to promote its replication at the expense of dNTPs and by hijacking damage-induced long non-coding RNAs’ biology, threatens genome integrity and causes altered DNA damage response activation, induction of inflammation and cellular senescence.
Fast single-photon detectors and real-time key distillation enable high secret-key-rate quantum key distribution systems
Authors: Grünenfelder Fadri , Boaron Alberto , Resta Giovanni V. , Perrenoud Matthieu , Rusca Davide , Barreiro Claudio , Houlmann Raphaël , Sax Rebecka , Stasi Lorenzo , El-Khoury Sylvain , Hänggi Esther , Bosshard Nico , Bussières Félix , Zbinden Hugo
Published: March 2023

Quantum key distribution has emerged as the most viable scheme to guarantee information security in the presence of large-scale quantum computers and, thanks to the continuous progress made in the past 20 years, it is now commercially available. However, the secret key rates remain limited to just over 10 Mbps due to several bottlenecks on the receiver side. Here we present a custom multipixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector that is designed to guarantee high count rates and precise timing discrimination. Leveraging the performance of the detector and coupling it to fast acquisition and real-time key distillation electronics, we remove two major roadblocks and achieve a considerable increase of the secret key rates with respect to the state of the art. In combination with a simple 2.5-GHz clocked time-bin quantum key distribution system, we can generate secret keys at a rate of 64 Mbps over a distance of 10.0 km and at a rate of 3.0 Mbps over a distance of 102.4 km with real-time key distillation.
Dysbiosis of a microbiota–immune metasystem in critical illness is associated with nosocomial infections
Authors: Schlechte Jared , Zucoloto Amanda Z. , Yu Ian-ling , Doig Christopher J. , Dunbar Mary J. , McCoy Kathy D. , McDonald Braedon
Published: March 2023

Critically ill patients in intensive care units experience profound alterations of their gut microbiota that have been linked to a high risk of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections and adverse outcomes through unclear mechanisms. Abundant mouse and limited human data suggest that the gut microbiota can contribute to maintenance of systemic immune homeostasis, and that intestinal dysbiosis may lead to defects in immune defense against infections. Here we use integrated systems-level analyses of fecal microbiota dynamics in rectal swabs and single-cell profiling of systemic immune and inflammatory responses in a prospective longitudinal cohort study of critically ill patients to show that the gut microbiota and systemic immunity function as an integrated metasystem, where intestinal dysbiosis is coupled to impaired host defense and increased frequency of nosocomial infections. Longitudinal microbiota analysis by 16s rRNA gene sequencing of rectal swabs and single-cell profiling of blood using mass cytometry revealed that microbiota and immune dynamics during acute critical illness were highly interconnected and dominated by Enterobacteriaceae enrichment, dysregulated myeloid cell responses and amplified systemic inflammation, with a lesser impact on adaptive mechanisms of host defense. Intestinal Enterobacteriaceae enrichment was coupled with impaired innate antimicrobial effector responses, including hypofunctional and immature neutrophils and was associated with an increased risk of infections by various bacterial and fungal pathogens. Collectively, our findings suggest that dysbiosis of an interconnected metasystem between the gut microbiota and systemic immune response may drive impaired host defense and susceptibility to nosocomial infections in critical illness.
Developmental trajectory of transmission speed in the human brain
Authors: van Blooijs Dorien , van den Boom Max A. , van der Aar Jaap F. , Huiskamp Geertjan M. , Castegnaro Giulio , Demuru Matteo , Zweiphenning Willemiek J. E. M. , van Eijsden Pieter , Miller Kai J. , Leijten Frans S. S. , Hermes Dora
Published: March 2023

The structure of the human connectome develops from childhood throughout adolescence to middle age, but how these structural changes affect the speed of neuronal signaling is not well described. In 74 subjects, we measured the latency of cortico-cortical evoked responses across association and U-fibers and calculated their corresponding transmission speeds. Decreases in conduction delays until at least 30 years show that the speed of neuronal communication develops well into adulthood.
Algorithm of quantum engineering of large-amplitude high-fidelity Schrödinger cat states
Authors: Podoshvedov Mikhail S. , Podoshvedov Sergey A. , Kulik Sergei P.
Published: March 2023

We present an algorithm of quantum engineering of large-amplitude $$\ge 5$$

≥
5

high-fidelity $$\ge 0.99$$

≥
0.99

even/odd Schrödinger cat states (SCSs) using a single mode squeezed vacuum (SMSV) state as resource. Set of $$k$$
k
beam splitters (BSs) with arbitrary transmittance and reflectance coefficients sequentially following each other acts as a hub that redirects a multiphoton state into the measuring modes simultaneously measured by photon number resolving (PNR) detectors. We show that the multiphoton state splitting guarantees significant increase of the success probability of the SCSs generator compared to its implementation in a single PNR detector version and imposes less requirements on ideal PNR detectors. We prove that the fidelity of the output SCSs and its success probability are in conflict with each other (which can be quantified) in a scheme with ineffective PNR detectors, especially when subtracting large (say, $$100$$

100

) number of photons, i.e., increasing the fidelity to perfect values leads to a sharp decrease in the success probability. In general, the strategy of subtracting up to $$20$$

20

photons from initial SMSV in setup with two BSs is acceptable for achieving sufficiently high values of the fidelity and success probability at the output of the generator of the SCSs of amplitude $$\le 3$$

≤
3

with two inefficient PNR detectors.
Mucus increases cell iron uptake to impact the release of pro-inflammatory mediators after particle exposure
Authors: Ghio Andrew J. , Soukup Joleen M. , Dailey Lisa A. , Roggli Victor L.
Published: March 2023

We tested the hypothesis that (1) mucus production can be included in the cell response to iron deficiency; (2) mucus binds iron and increases cell metal uptake; and subsequently (3) mucus impacts the inflammatory response to particle exposure. Using quantitative PCR, RNA for both MUC5B and MUC5AC in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells decreased following exposures to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). Incubation of mucus-containing material collected from the apical surface of NHBE cells grown at air–liquid interface (NHBE-MUC) and a commercially available mucin from porcine stomach (PORC-MUC) with iron demonstrated an in vitro capacity to bind metal. Inclusion of either NHBE-MUC or PORC-MUC in incubations of both BEAS-2B cells and THP1 cells increased iron uptake. Exposure to sugar acids (N-acetyl neuraminic acid, sodium alginate, sodium guluronate, and sodium hyaluronate) similarly increased cell iron uptake. Finally, increased metal transport associated with mucus was associated with a decreased release of interleukin-6 and -8, an anti-inflammatory effect, following silica exposure. We conclude that mucus production can be involved in the response to a functional iron deficiency following particle exposure and mucus can bind metal, increase cell uptake to subsequently diminish or reverse a functional iron deficiency and inflammatory response following particle exposure.
Sinomenine ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis by inhibiting the autophagy/NETosis/inflammation axis
Authors: Jiang H. , Lu Q. , Xu J. , Huo G. , Cai Y. , Geng S. , Xu H. , Zhang J. , Li H. , Yuan K. , Huang G.
Published: March 2023

Studies have found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) which are the specific dying form of neutrophil upon activation have fundamental role in the rheumatoid arthritis onset and progression. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of Sinomenine on adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice, and the neutrophil activities regulated by Sinomenine. The rheumatoid arthritis model was established by local injection of adjuvant and the Sinomenine treatment was administered orally for 30 days, during which, arthritic scores were evaluated and the joint diameter was measured to determine disease progression. The joint tissues and serum were acquired for further tests after sacrifice. Cytometric beads assay was performed to measure the concentration of cytokines. For paraffin-embedded ankle tissues, hematoxylin and erosin staining and Safranin O-fast staining were adopted to monitor the tissue changes of joint. In order to analyze the inflammation, NETs and autophagy of neutrophils in vivo, immunohistochemistry assays were applied to detect the protein expression levels in the local joints. To describe the effect brought by Sinomenine on inflammation, autophagy and NETs in vitro, the western blotting and the immunofluorescence assays were performed. The joint symptoms of the adjuvant induced arthritis were alleviated by the Sinomenine treatment significantly in terms of the ankle diameter and scores. The improvement of local histopathology changes and decrease of inflammatory cytokines in the serum also confirmed the efficacy. The expression levels of interleukin-6, P65 and p-P65 in the ankle areas of mice were remarkably reduced by Sinomenine. Compared with the model group, the decreased expression levels of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex and myeloperoxidase in the Sinomenine treating group showed the inhibitory effect of Sinomenine on the neutrophil migration. The expression of protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4), ctrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) had the similar tendency. Upon activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, Sinomenine suppressed the phosphorylation of P65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P38 of neutrophil. Meanwhile, Sinomenine inhibited NETs formation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which were demonstrated by the decreased expression of neutrophil elastase (NE), PAD4 and CitH3. Sinomenine also inhibited PMA-induced autophagy in vitro based on the changes of Beclin-1 and LC3B. Sinomenine has good efficacy in treating adjuvant induced arthritis via regulating neutrophil activities. Apart from inhibiting activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, the mechanism includes suppression of NETs formation via autophagy inhibition.
Modified radial tongue-shaped flap following stepwise surgical release for Benson type I camptodactyly of the 5th digit
Authors: Liao Wei , Wang Lanlan , Tang Yuping , Jiang Li , Guo Ruoyi , Zhuang Hanjie , Tang Kai , Zheng Pengfei
Published: March 2023

To investigate the outcomes of the modified radial tongue-shaped flap following stepwise surgery release for treating Benson type I camptodactyly of the 5th digit. A retrospective analysis involving patients with Benson type I camptodactyly of the 5th digit was performed. A total of 8 patients with 12 affected digits were included. Extent of surgical release depended on the degree of soft tissue contracture. Skin release, subcutaneous fascial release, and flexor digitorum superficialis tenotomy were performed in all 12 digits, sliding volar plate release in 2 digits, and intrinsic tendon transfer in 1 digit. The mean total passive motion of proximal interphalangeal joint significantly increased from 32.5° ± 16° to 86.3° ± 20.4°, while mean total active motion significantly increased from 22° ± 10.5° to 73.8° ± 27.5° (P < 0.05). Treatment outcomes were excellent in 6 patients, good in 3, moderate in 2, and poor in 1. Scar hyperplasia occurred in 1 patient. The radial tongue-shaped flap allowed for full coverage of the volar skin defect, and was considered aesthetically favorable. In addition, the stepwise surgical approach not only achieved good curative effects, but also allowed for individualization of treatment.
A meta-analysis of the stony coral tissue loss disease microbiome finds key bacteria in unaffected and lesion tissue in diseased colonies
Authors: Rosales Stephanie M , Huebner Lindsay K , Evans James S , Apprill Amy , Baker Andrew C , Becker Cynthia C , Bellantuono Anthony J , Brandt Marilyn E , Clark Abigail S , del Campo Javier , Dennison Caroline E , Eaton Katherine R , Huntley Naomi E , Kellogg Christina A , Medina Mónica , Meyer Julie L , Muller Erinn M , Rodriguez-Lanetty Mauricio , Salerno Jennifer L , Schill William B , Shilling Erin N , Stewart Julia Marie , Voss Joshua D
Published: March 2023

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has been causing significant whole colony mortality on reefs in Florida and the Caribbean. The cause of SCTLD remains unknown, with the limited concurrence of SCTLD-associated bacteria among studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene datasets generated by 16 field and laboratory SCTLD studies to find consistent bacteria associated with SCTLD across disease zones (vulnerable, endemic, and epidemic), coral species, coral compartments (mucus, tissue, and skeleton), and colony health states (apparently healthy colony tissue (AH), and unaffected (DU) and lesion (DL) tissue from diseased colonies). We also evaluated bacteria in seawater and sediment, which may be sources of SCTLD transmission. Although AH colonies in endemic and epidemic zones harbor bacteria associated with SCTLD lesions, and aquaria and field samples had distinct microbial compositions, there were still clear differences in the microbial composition among AH, DU, and DL in the combined dataset. Alpha-diversity between AH and DL was not different; however, DU showed increased alpha-diversity compared to AH, indicating that, prior to lesion formation, corals may undergo a disturbance to the microbiome. This disturbance may be driven by Flavobacteriales, which were especially enriched in DU. In DL, Rhodobacterales and Peptostreptococcales–Tissierellales were prominent in structuring microbial interactions. We also predict an enrichment of an alpha-toxin in DL samples which is typically found in Clostridia. We provide a consensus of SCTLD-associated bacteria prior to and during lesion formation and identify how these taxa vary across studies, coral species, coral compartments, seawater, and sediment.
Asymmetric Janus functionalization induced magnetization and switchable out-of-plane polarization in 2D MXene Mo2CXX′
Authors: Xin Chao , Fan Zhen , Sun Zhixin , Li Hui , Jin Guangyong , Pan Feng , Sui Yu
Published: March 2023

A fair high TC of 303 K is predicted for Mo2C-FO. Our DFT+U calculation results also provide a mechanism of magnetoelectric coupling, in which the reversal of electric polarization is driven by terminal-layer atom-pair flipping.
Strain-induced dark exciton generation in rippled monolayer MoS2
Authors: Lee Su Yeong , Yun Won Seok , Lee J. D.
Published: March 2023

Near a strain of ∼6.8%, the bright-to-dark exciton conversion occurs in rippled monolayer MoS2.
A Zn-coordination polymer as a multifunctional fluorescent probe for the detection of V2O74−, Fe3+, and p-nitrotoluene
Authors: Qi Shengsheng , Li Zhang , Jia Yuejiao , Li Dechao , Hu Ming
Published: March 2023

A 1D chain Zn coordination polymer was successfully designed and synthesized to detect V2O74− ions, Fe3+ ions, and nitrotoluene, demonstrating that it could behave as a functional probe with high selectivity, sensitivity, and recyclability.
Continuous floc image analyser (C-FIA) for tracking floc particle dynamics during coagulation–flocculation–settling processes
Authors: Daraei Hiua , Akyol Bayram , Khedher Mahmoud , Bertone Edoardo , Awad John , Stewart Rodney A. , Chow Christopher W. K. , Duan Jinming , van Leeuwen John
Published: March 2023

A continuous floc image analyser (C-FIA) was developed for tracking the dynamics of floc particle formation, growth and settling during conventional water treatment. This is based on a new RGB signal for flocculation index determination.
Oxalic acid hydrogenation to glycolic acid: heterogeneous catalysts screening
Authors: Schuler Eric , Grooten Lars , Kasireddy Mohanreddy , More Santosh , Shiju N. Raveendran , Tanielyan Setrak K. , Augustine Robert L. , Gruter Gert-Jan M.
Published: March 2023

This article explores a CO2 utilization option by investigating sustainable and economic catalytic conversion of CO2-based oxalic acid to glycolic acid monomer. Ideal catalyst design principles and reaction conditions were established for this novel conversion process.
Process optimization by NMR-assisted investigation of chemical pathways during depolymerization of PET in subcritical water
Authors: Jaime-Azuara Antonio , Pedersen Thomas Helmer , Wimmer Reinhard
Published: March 2023

A novel NMR-based method allows for unsurpassed description of PET hydrolysis providing grounds for energy-efficient process design.
High-gradient magnetophoretic bead trapping for enhanced electrochemical sensing and particle manipulation
Authors: Morales Navarrete Pablo , Tjon Kai Chun Eddie , Hosseini Zahrasadat , Yuan Jie
Published: March 2023

Embedded magnetic micropillars in microfluidic channels enhance the manipulation and the detection ability of magnetic bead assays. Here we report a novel magnetic micropillar technique with the goal of increasing detection signals in e-ELISA assays.
Designing molecules with a high-spin (quintet,S= 2) ground state for magnetic and spintronic applications
Authors: Sabuj Md Abdus , Saha Chinmoy , Huda Md Masrul , Rai Neeraj
Published: March 2023

High-spin quintet polyradicals are reported by embedding the electron-deficient 6,6-dicyanofulvene group. We present a design strategy delineating control of the ground state from closed-shell to open-shell polyradical character.
Study of nano-ZnO improvement of the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of modified-SiO2/PTFE superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings by one-step spraying
Authors: Li Jiansan , Liu Ziping , Wang Zhenyu
Published: March 2023

A rapid and low-cost method to prepare a superhydrophobic coating with good mechanical stability, self-cleaning, and excellent corrosion resistance.
S-Adenosylmethionine: more than just a methyl donor
Authors: Lee Yu-Hsuan , Ren Daan , Jeon Byungsun , Liu Hung-wen
Published: March 2023

This review summarizes the chemistry of S-adenosylmethionine dependent enzymes that goes beyond methylation.
Molecular dynamics study on the thermodynamic stability and structural evolution of crown-jewel structured PdCu nanoalloys
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Yajing , Qian Ping
Published: March 2023

The thermodynamic stabilities and structural evolutions of crown-jewel structured PdCu nanoclusters with various compositions and sizes are studied by molecular dynamics simulations.
1,10-Phenanthroline-based periodic mesoporous organosilica: from its synthesis to its application in the cobalt-catalyzed alkyne hydrosilylation
Authors: Lin Xiao-Tao , Ishizaka Yusuke , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Takeuchi Katsuhiko , Inagaki Shinji , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Choi Jun-Chul
Published: March 2023

A 1,10-phenanthroline-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (Phen-PMO) with an ordered 2-D hexagonal mesoporous structure was synthesized by co-condensation of 3,8-bis[(triisopropoxysilyl)methyl]-1,10-phenanthroline and BTEE.
Getting the SMILES right: identifying inconsistent chemical identities in the ECHA database, PubChem and the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard
Authors: Glüge Juliane , McNeill Kristopher , Scheringer Martin
Published: March 2023

Inconsistent chemical identifiers are reported so that they can be corrected and similar types of errors avoided in the future.
Efficient large-scale screening of viral pathogens by fragment length identification of pooled nucleic acid samples (FLIPNAS)
Authors: Feng Xianzhen , Zhuang Xinyu , Lui Grace , Hsing I-Ming
Published: March 2023

An assay for the large-scale screening of viral pathogens is reported, named Fragment Length Identification of Pooled Nucleic Acid Samples (FLIPNAS), which is demonstrated to be more cost-effective and efficient than Dorfman-based group testing.
Sensing interface based on electrodeposited Cu-BTC microporous film for electrochemical detection of the painkiller paracetamol
Authors: Tien Dat Nguyen , Ngoc Tien Nguyen , Ngan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Thi Thu Vu
Published: March 2023

The use of metal–organic framework materials in electrochemical sensors has been gaining more attention in the last few years due to their highly porous structure and electrocatalytic activity.
Investigating the trans-membrane transport of HAIYPRH peptide-decorated nano-drugs
Authors: Zhang Xiaowan , Shan Meirong , Li Siying , Zhao Jing , Pang Xuelei , Yang Guocheng , Shan Yuping
Published: March 2023

Using force tracing and nano-indentation techniques based on atomic force microscopy, the promoting effect of Tf on T7-modified nano-drug transport was investigated at a single-particle and single-cell level in real time.
Challenges and developments for the blue perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhao Qiqi , Chen Feitong , Li Changqian , Shang Chenyu , Huang Qi , Yan Bin , Zhu Huiling , Wang Kunhua , Zhang Weiwei , Zhou Tianliang , Ding Jianxu
Published: March 2023

The above figure is the thermal diagram of blue-light PeLEDs. From this diagram, it can be seen that the main research direction of blue-light LED is still efficiency and stability.
Electrochemical conversion of lignin to short-chain carboxylic acids
Authors: Sun Shirong , Qiu Xueqing , Hao Shuhua , Ravichandran Sabarinathan , Song Jinliang , Zhang Wenli
Published: March 2023

A method for direct electrochemical conversion of lignin to short-chain carboxylic acids is developed.
Graphene-based microfluidic perforated microelectrode arrays for retinal electrophysiological studies
Authors: Esteban-Linares Alberto , Zhang Xiaosi , Lee Hannah H. , Risner Michael L. , Weiss Sharon M. , Xu Ya-Qiong , Levine Edward , Li Deyu
Published: March 2023

Microfluidic perforated microelectrode arrays (μpMEAs) enable multimodality sensing under controlled microenvironment for ex vivo tissues.
Superhydrophobic and superlipophilic LDH flower balls/cellulose membranes for efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Wu Xinglei , Feng Shuangjiang , Mao Chunfeng , Liu Chenghuan , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Yuming , Sheng Xiaoli
Published: March 2023

In this work, superhydrophobic and superlipophilic Ni–Al LDH/cellulose membranes with flower-like microscopic surface morphology were successfully prepared at low cost.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of slow-release fertilizers produced from inverse vulcanized copolymers obtained from industrial waste
Authors: Ghumman Ali Shaan Manzoor , Shamsuddin Rashid , Sabir Rabia , Waheed Ammara , Sami Abdul , Almohamadi Hamad
Published: March 2023

A slow-release fertilizer is prepared by coating urea with an inverse vulcanized copolymer of myrcene (citrus industry waste) and sulfur (petroleum industry waste).
Chlorination of trichlorosilane/chlorodimethylsilane using metal chlorides: experimental and mechanistic investigations
Authors: Duan Rui , Peng Wencai , Zhang Jianshu , Zhang Jinli
Published: March 2023

Using metal chlorides (WCl6, MoCl5) as the chlorine source, the conversion rate of chlorodimethylsilane is much higher than that of trichlorosilane.
CYRI proteins: controllers of actin dynamics in the cellular ‘eat vs walk’ decision
Authors: Machesky Laura M.
Published: March 2023

Cells use actin-based protrusions not only to migrate, but also to sample their environment and take up liquids and particles, including nutrients, antigens and pathogens. Lamellipodia are sheet-like actin-based protrusions involved in sensing the substratum and directing cell migration. Related structures, macropinocytic cups, arise from lamellipodia ruffles and can take in large gulps of the surrounding medium. How cells regulate the balance between using lamellipodia for migration and macropinocytosis is not yet well understood. We recently identified CYRI proteins as RAC1-binding regulators of the dynamics of lamellipodia and macropinocytic events. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of how cells regulate the balance between eating and walking by repurposing their actin cytoskeletons in response to environmental cues.
Multiple object tracking based on quadratic graph matching
Authors: Gao Jiayan , Zou Qi , Zhao Hongwei
Published: March 2023

Recently, with the development of deep‐learning, the performance of multiple object tracking (MOT) algorithm based on deep neural networks has been greatly improved. However, it is still a difficult problem to successfully solve the tracking misalignment caused by occlusion and complex tracking scenes. Most of the work focusses on designing a sophisticated network, only little work focusses on data association. Actually, data association is very helpful in MOT. In this study, data association in tracking is taken as the main research task, and the authors introduce quadratic graph matching into MOT. Considering the objects in each frame as a graph, we can model the data association between two frames as a quadratic graph matching problem. And then it is transformed into a convex quadratic optimisation problem. Introducing high‐order structure features into the matching function effectively solves some tracking problems. The data association is designed into the tracking model as an overall solution. Experiments show that the proposed data association algorithm performs favourably against several state‐of‐the‐art data association methods and can be used in any tracking‐by‐detection method. Our code is publicly available from https://github.com/gjy0514/G_Model.
Deep reinforcement learning based research on low‐carbon scheduling with distribution network schedulable resources
Authors: Chen Shi , Liu Yihong , Guo Zhengwei , Luo Huan , Zhou Yi , Qiu Yiwei , Zhou Buxiang , Zang Tianlei
Published: March 2023

Reducing carbon emissions is a crucial way to achieve the goal of green and sustainable development. To accomplish this goal, electric vehicles (EVs) are considered system‐schedulable energy storage devices, suppressing the negative impact of the randomness and fluctuation of renewable energy on the system's operation. In this paper, a coordination control strategy aimed at minimising the carbon emissions of a distribution network between EVs, energy storage devices, and static var compensators (SVCs) is proposed. A model‐free deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐based approach is developed to learn the optimal control strategy with the constraint of avoiding system overload caused by random EV access. The twin‐delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) framework is applied to design the learning method. After the model learning is completed, the neural network can quickly generate a real‐time low‐carbon scheduling strategy according to the system operating situation. Finally, simulation on the IEEE 33‐bus system verifies the effectiveness and robustness of this method. On the premise of meeting the charging demand of electric vehicles, this method can optimise the system operation by controlling the charge‐discharge process of EVs, effectively absorbing the renewable energy in the system and reducing the carbon emissions of the system operation.