bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Implementation of the Quality Management System as Applied to the Production of Medical Immunobiological Preparations at the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe
Authors: Lobovikova O. A. , Shul'gina I. V. , Nikiforov A. K.
Published: December 2018

Developed are the methodical approaches for design and implementation of quality management system(QMS) in the production of preventive and diagnostic medical immunobiological preparations manufactured at the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe. Analyzed and generalized is the current legislative-normative framework of Russian Federation in the sphere of quality control and quality assurance. Factors influencing the quality management system are revealed. QMS is certified in conformity with the requirements of international standard ISO 9001.
Medico-Sanitary and Parasitological Aspects of Rock Pigeon Ecology (Columba livia)
Authors: Gorbunov A. V. , Nefedova N. S. , Shmidt M. A.
Published: December 2018

Collected are the data on sanitary-hygienic and parasitological aspects of rock pigeon vital activity in Saratov. Distinguished are the types of pigeon exterior pathologies, their character and frequency of occurrence. Synanthropic population and nests of the birds are searched for the presence of helminthes and ectoparasites. Identified is the role of nesting sites, located in attics of residential buildings, in sanitary and epidemiological situation of the city settlement zone.
Framework of the Risk Management System in the Sphere of Sanitary-Quarantine Control
Authors: Ryzhkov Yu. V. , Solov’Ev M. Yu.
Published: December 2018

Globalization of world economy and politico-economical changes in Russia are the preconditions for the formation of new sanitary-quarantine control methodology based on the identification of risks for sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Considered this, conducted is the analysis of every possible risk with a view to estimation of probability of the events that pose a hazard to sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population.
Scientific-Methodological Approach to the Epidemiological Analysis and Laboratory Diagnostics of the Diseases Caused by Marburg and Ebola Viruses
Authors: Titenko A. M. , Andaev E. I.
Published: December 2018

Analysis of the current epidemiological situation has revealed that epidemic manifestations of infectious diseases, caused by Marburg and Ebola viruses, have been undergoing significant changes over the recent years. Globalization of epidemic process seems obvious due to the scale of the outbreaks, extension of nosoarea, increase in the morbidity rate, short-cut of the intervals between epidemic outbreaks, and increase of the probability of infection export outside the foci of endemic territories. Normative documents regulating the process of diagnostic investigations aimed at detection of Marburg/ Ebola virus agents are missing. In this connection, put forward is the scientific-methodological approach to epidemiological analysis and laboratory diagnostics of the diseases caused by these viruses.
Organizational and Methodological Aspects of International Cooperation for the Provision of Sanitary-and-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population
Authors: Smolensky V. Yu. , Toporkov V. P. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Toporkov A. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

The study in question of the structure and content of international cooperation in the sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of the population in its various formats – on the UN, WHO, “G-8”, CIS, EurAsEC, SCO, and BRICS levels, as well as within the frames of bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan – has made it possible to develop a model of international intercourse organization characterized by such functional features as assessment of the epidemiological situation peculiarities and IHR implementation status, realization of global strategy for infectious diseases control, systemic modernization of methodology, technologies, materials-and-equipment resources as well as human assets and production of medical immune-biological preparations (MIBP), stationary network and mobile complexes for emergency response in order to level the interstate potentials for the provision of effective prevention, detection and monitoring over emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of the population (ES). Top-priority in the list of the ESs is given to novel emerging infectious diseases control as it primarily demands improvement of the informational–and–analytical prognosis–modeling base within the frames of epidemiological surveillance system and sanitary protection of the state territories. Great need in such type of projects is substantiated based on the examples of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic and West-Nile fevers control. Nevertheless, for the realization of the model, coordinating functional authority/agency is required.
Qualitative Indicators of Microbial Cells of Yersinia pestis EV Strain Depending on Their Morphological Traits in Different Temperature Conditions of Manufacturing of Plague Vaccine Preparation
Authors: Budyka D. A. , Bondarenko A. I. , Fisun A. A. , Abzaeva N. V. , Ivanova G. F. , Gostishcheva S. E. , Rudnev S. M.
Published: December 2018

The preference of the (21±1) °C temperature for cultivation of the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV in the live plague vaccine biomass production to (27±1) °C is experimentally confirmed. An original interpretation of the mechanism of small cells stability that are formed at (21±1) °C has been proposed. This interpretation stipulates a smaller damaging effect of steam molecules during sublimation in the process of lyophilization.
Molecular MLVA Typing of Typical and Genetically Altered Natural Strains of Vibrio cholerae El Tor Biovar
Authors: Kul’Shan’ T. A. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Lozovsky Yu. V. , Smirnova N. I.
Published: December 2018

Displayed is the possibility of differentiation between typical and genetically altered strains of Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor, which vary in their virulence and epidemic potential, by means of MLVA. Determined is a significant genetic diversity of the gene-variants, probably, due to their polyclonal origin and continuous alterations within genome under the influence of varying environmental factors.
Investigation of Mechanisms of Interaction of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG Vaccine Strain Bacteria with Human Red Blood Cells
Authors: Pimenov E. V. , Oborin V. A. , Ivonin A. G.
Published: December 2018

The comparative experiments demonstrated strong correlation between the index of Yersinia pestis EV NIIEG strain adhesion to human red blood cells and hydrophobic properties of bacteria. At the same time no dependence between hemagglutination and adhesion of plague microbe was determined. Bacterial culture treatment with trypsin and high temperature (56 °C) decreased adhesion. Incubation of microbial cells with red blood cells in the presence of antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamycin, doxycycline and cefotaxime) had no influence on their interaction. The results of investigations suggested the major role of hydrophobic interactions in Y.pestis EV NIIEG strain adhesion to human red blood cells provided by the surface structures of microbial cells of the lipoprotein origin.
LAFARGA, Francisco (ed.) La traducción fragmentaria: su lugar en antologías y revistas (1898-1936). Madrid: Guillermo Escolar Editor. 2017. 224 pp. ISBN 978-84-17134-28-0.
Authors: Llopart Babot Sandra
Published: December 2018

Reseña (sin resumen)
Peculiarities of Planning and Building of Scientific and Technological Parks in Conditions of the Shanxi and Gansu Provinces in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Lu Guoping
Published: December 2018

Creation and development of scientific and technological parks in the People's Republic of China is used as a means of activating areas in need of socio-economic development, for example such territories as along the New Silk Road in Shanxi and Gansu provinces. Five types of basic planning models recommended for creation of scientific and technological parks of different functional profiles have been developed in the paper. Model A comprises scientific and technological parks with a compact layout (area of less than 2 square kilometers) located in the peripheral zones of large cities built into the city's infrastructure and they do not have practically reserves for territorial development. The model is recommended for creation of educational and scientific parks and high-tech parks. Model B comprises scientific and technological parks of medium size (area of their territory – 2–10 square kilometers) located in the nearest suburbs of large cities (up to 10 km) and these parks partially use urban infrastructure having the possibility for territorial development. The model is recommended for creation parks of industrial-logistics, high technology, light industry, precision engineering. Model C comprises scientific and technological parks of medium size (area of 10–20 square kilometers) located in the suburbs of large cities (up to 30 km), geographically and infra-structurally interconnected with international airports. The model is recommended for creating parks of high-tech, precision engineering, biochemistry that produce products which are economically expedient to be transported by airplanes (smart phones, optical fiber equipment, other high-tech devices, cosmetics, medicines, etc.). Model D comprises scientific and technological park of medium size (area of 10–20 square kilometers) located in the suburbs of large cities (up to 30 km) along transport and communication corridors of national and regional importance with its own infrastructure and territorial development opportunities. The model is recommended for creation of parks in construction industry, transport engineering, bio- and agro-technologies. Model E comprises large-scale scientific and technological parks (with area of more than 20 square kilometers) located in inter-settlement territories along transport and communication corridors of international and national importance with its own infrastructure and territorial development opportunities. The model is recommended for creation of parks for chemical industry, heavy and transport engineering. The paper has made it possible to identify common types of functionalplanning zones formed on the territory of scientific and technological parks and it provides recommendations on their correlation. Analysis of the layout for existing and projected scientific and technological parks has allowed to develop characteristic schemes of their planning organization: band, compact, dispersed.
A Comparative Efficiency Study of Two Adsorbent Materials to Remove Eosin Y Dye from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Al-Muttairi Ali K. , Mustafa Sama A. , Salman Jasim M.
Published: December 2018

This study was done to find a cheap, available and ecofriendly materials that can remove eosin y dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption in this study, two adsorbent materials were used, the shells of fresh water clam (Cabicula fluminea) and walnut shells. To make a comparison between the two adsorbents, five experiments were conducted. First, the effects of the contact time, here the nut shell removed the dye quickly, while the C. flumina need more contact time to remove the dye. Second, the effects of adsorbent weight were examined. The nut shell was very promising and for all used adsorbent weight, the R% ranged from 94.87 to 99.29. However C. fluminea was less effective in removing the dye with R% ranged from 47.59 to 55.39. The third experiment was initial dye concentration. The C. fluminea showed very low ability to remove eosin y , while the nut shell was more effective in removing the dye with R% up to 97.36 and an inverse correlation between the increase of initial dye concentration and R%. The fourth experiment was the effect of pH value of the solution and the adsorbent particles size. The results show that fine particles were more effective than granular particles. Throughout the whole study, the walnut shell was very promising in removing the dye, while the C. fluminea shell was much less effective than the walnut shell.
Enhancement of the Tensile and the Compression Properties for Heat- Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials
Authors: Hammed Mohammed Gh. , Al-Fahdawi Ibrahim H. , Motlak Moaaed
Published: December 2018

This work aims to investigate the tensile and compression strengths of heat- cured acrylic resin denture base material by adding styrene-butadiene (S- B) to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The most well- known issue in prosthodontic practice is fracture of a denture base. All samples were a blend of (90%, 80%) PMMA and (10%, 20%) S- B powder melted in Oxolane (Tetra hydro furan). These samples were chopped down into specimens of dimensions 100x10x2.5mm to carry out the requirements of tensile tests. The compression strength test specimens were shaped into a cylinder with dimensions of 12.7mm in diameter and 20mm in length. The experimental results show a significant increase in both tensile and compression strengths when compared to control (standard) results for the preparation material.
Epidural analgesia for living donor nephrectomy is associated with better early graft function in recipients after transplantation
Authors: Baar Wolfgang , Goebel Ulrich , Buerkle Hartmut , Jaenigen Bernd , Kaufmann Kai , Heinrich Sebastian
Published: December 2018

Background: The beneficial effects of epidural analgesia (EDA) in terms of pain control and postoperative convalescence are widely known and led to a frequent use for patients who underwent living donor kidney nephrectomy. The objective of this study was to determine whether general anesthesia (GA) plus EDA compared to GA only, administered for living donor nephrectomy has effects on postoperative graft function in recipients.
Methods: In this monocentric, retrospective cohort analysis we analyzed the closed files of all consecutive donor- recipient pairs who underwent living donor kidney transplantations from 2008 to 2017. The outcome variable was delayed graft function (DGF), defined as at least one hemodialysis within seven days postoperatively, once hyperacute rejection, vascular or urinary tract complications were ruled out. Statistical analyses of continuous variables were calculated using the two-tail Student’s t test and Fisher exact test for categorical variables with a significance level of p<0.05, respectively.
Results: The study enclosed 291 consecutive living donor kidney transplantations. 99 kidney donors received epidural analgesia whereas 192 denied epidural analgesia. The groups showed balanced pretransplantational characteristics and comparable donors´ and recipients’ risk factors. 9 out of all 291 recipients needed renal replacement therapy (RRT) during the first 7 days due to delayed graft function; all of these donors received no EDA. The observed rate of DGF in recipients whose kidney donors received epidural analgesia was significantly lower (0% vs. 4.6%; p<0.031).
Conclusions: In our cohort we observed a significantly lower rate of DGF when epidural analgesia for donor nephrectomy was administered. Du to restrictions of the study design this observation needs further confirmation by prospective studies.
Key words: Kidney transplantation, delayed graft function, epidural analgesia, donor nephrectomy
Awareness of Glaucoma and Associated Factors among Adults in Sekela District, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Bizuneh Zewdu Yenegeta , Tsega Ayanaw , Addis Yezinash , Admassu Fisseha
Published: December 2018

Background

Awareness of glaucoma is directly affected by good eye screening practice which in turn helps for reduction of the blindness burden of glaucoma. However, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions difficult. This study was intended to assess awareness of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Sekela district, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A population based cross - sectional survey was conducted on 602 adults who were selected by using systematic random sampling from April to May, 2018. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analyzed by statistical package for social sciences version 23. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to find out the strength of association. P–value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 594 adults were participated with a response rate of 98.7%. Nearly 52% of adults were females with median age of 28 years. The proportion of awareness of glaucoma was 24.4% [95% CI; 21.0, 28.1]. It was positively associated with educational status: primary education [AOR: 3.15; 1.72, 5.77], secondary education [AOR; 3.11: 1.66, 5.84], college and above [AOR; 6.10; 2.80, 13.27], history of eye examination [AOR: 6.52; 3.46, 12.25], income level: > 2000 Ethiopian birr [ 4.65; 2.59, 8.37] and history of chronic diseases [AOR; 2.93: 1.25, 6.85].

Conclusion

About one fourth of adults were aware of glaucoma and it was low. Higher educational status, eye examination, history of chronic diseases and better income level were significantly associated with awareness of glaucoma.
Modeling Genotype × Environment Interaction Using a Factor Analytic Model of On‐Farm Wheat Trials in the Yaqui Valley of Mexico
Authors: Hernández Mateo Vargas , Ortiz‐Monasterio Iván , Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Montesinos‐López Osval A. , Montesinos‐López Abelardo , Burgueño Juan , Crossa José
Published: December 2018

On‐farm trials of bread and durum wheat in the Yaqui Valley region of southern Sonora, Mexico, were established for three cropping seasons (2012, 2013, and 2015) using the management practices implemented by farmers. The trials comprised bread and durum wheats that were sown together under two regimes: full irrigation and reduced irrigation. The experiments were replicated and unbalanced, as several bread wheat and durum wheat lines were not repeated during the 3 yr. We studied the interaction between bread and durum wheats and environments (farmer‐irrigation‐year combinations). To model the crossover interaction (COI) and the non‐COI components of the genotype × environment interaction (G×E) between the wheat lines and the environments, we used a linear mixed model with the Factor Analytic (FA) model, a parsimonious model that is similar to the multiple regression of lines on environments based on latent variables. In this case, we modeled the combined effects of the wheat lines and their interactions with the farmer‐irrigation‐year combinations. Results show the separation of the dynamic (unpredictable) component of the interaction (year) from the more static component of the interaction due to farmer and irrigation level. The FA model offers a useful alternative for modeling interactions in agronomy‐breeding experiments to dissect and account for complex interactions that are common in agriculture experiments. Furthermore, stable wheat lines across all environments were also detected, as well the environments that caused most of the interaction.

Core Ideas

In agriculture is important to study genotype × environment interaction (G×E) interaction and especially the interaction between bread and durum wheats and farmer–irrigation–year environmental combinations.

The linear mixed model with the Factor Analytic (FA) is efficient for dissenting the main factors affecting G×E.
Abundances of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Tetracycline Antibiotics during Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Waste
Authors: Couch Melanie , Agga Getahun E. , Kasumba John , Parekh Rohan R. , Loughrin John H. , Conte Eric D.
Published: December 2018

The impact of anaerobic digestion of animal waste on the persistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotics is not widely studied. Two identical, 800‐L digesters seeded with swine slurry were followed up to 100 d in three separate trials. The trials received varying amounts of antibiotic‐free corn (Zea mays L.) mixed with water to maintain the digestion process. Biogas production, seven tetracycline resistance (tet) genes, and three tetracyclines and their transformation products were measured. Biogas production proportionally increased as the feeding loads increased between trials. In Trial 1, log10 tet gene copies showed small but statistically significant (P < 0.01) increases during digestion. In Trial 2, anaerobic digestion did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect except for significant reductions in tetB (P < 0.0001) and tetG (P = 0.0335) log10 gene copies. In Trial 3, which received the highest amount of corn mix, log10 copies of the 16S ribosomal RNA and the tet genes significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced over time during digestion. Up to 36 μg L−1 tetracycline, 112 μg L−1 chlortetracycline, 11.9 mg L−1 isochlortetracycline, and 30 μg L−1 4‐epitetracycline were detected both in the liquid and solid digestates. Results of this study revealed that although anaerobic digestion of swine waste can produce useful biogas, it does not result in complete removal of bacteria, ARGs, and antibiotics regardless of differences in the feeding loads between trials. Further effluent and sludge treatments are required prior to their downstream use in crop production to minimize emergence and environmental dissemination of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria through animal manure.

Core Ideas

Anaerobic digestion did not completely remove resistance genes from swine waste.

Tetracycline antibiotics were detected from 30 μg L−1 to 11.9 mg L−1.

Further waste treatments are required to reduce the spread of resistance genes.
Can Spatial Modeling Substitute for Experimental Design in Agricultural Experiments?
Authors: Borges Alejandra , González-Reymundez Agustín , Ernst Oswaldo , Cadenazzi Mónica , Terra José , Gutiérrez Lucía
Published: December 2018

One of the most critical aspects of agricultural experimentation is the proper choice of experimental design to control field heterogeneity, especially for large experiments. However, even with complex experimental designs, spatial variability may not be properly controlled if it occurs at scales smaller than blocks. Therefore, modeling spatial variability can be beneficial, and some studies even propose spatial modeling instead of experimental design. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of experimental design, spatial modeling, and a combination of both under real field conditions using GIS and simulating experiments. Yield data from cultivars was simulated using real spatial variability from a large uniformity trial of 100 independent locations and different sizes of experiments for four experimental designs: completely randomized design (CRD), randomized complete block design (RCBD), α‐lattice incomplete block design (ALPHA), and partially replicated design (PREP). Each realization was analyzed using different levels of spatial correction. Models were compared by precision, accuracy, and the recovery of superior genotypes. For moderate and large experiment sizes, ALPHA was the best experimental design in terms of precision and accuracy. In most situations, models that included spatial correlation were better than models with no spatial correlation, but they did not outperformed better experimental designs. Therefore, spatial modeling is not a substitute for good experimental design.
Strategy for Microscale Characterization of Soil Mineral‐Organic Associations by Synchrotron‐Radiation‐Based FTIR Technology
Authors: Xiao Jian , Wen Yongli , Yu Guanghui , Dou Sen
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

The spatial arrangements of soil MOAs are highly heterogeneous.

The processes of carbon binding in different soil types are different.

Combination of SR‐FTIR mapping and 2DCOS could in situ characterize the sequences of MOAs.

Direct characterization of spatial distribution and binding environments of soil mineral‐organic associations (MOAs) are imperative for understanding the mechanism of C storage. Here, we propose a new strategy of synchrotron‐radiation‐based Fourier transform‐infrared (SR‐FTIR) technology and two‐dimensional FTIR correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis to simultaneously characterize the MOAs extracted from two types of soil, which one is classiðed as Ferralic Cambisol and another is Typic Hapludoll. This study successfully showed the spatial heterogeneity by SR‐FTIR mapping, which illustrated that the different soil types had different spatial arrangements at the microscale scale. Moreover, the overlapped one‐dimensional (1D) SR‐FTIR spectra and various sequence orders in two types of soil were demonstrated by 2DCOS analysis. The results showed that the intra hydrogen bonds in clay‐OH minerals and Si‐O‐metal bonds were more highly reactive in the Ferralic Cambisol soils than that in the Typic Hapludoll soils, which was critical for understanding the binding processes in soil micro‐environments.
The Heihe Integrated Observatory Network: A Basin‐Scale Land Surface Processes Observatory in China
Authors: Liu Shaomin , Li Xin , Xu Ziwei , Che Tao , Xiao Qing , Ma Mingguo , Liu Qinhuo , Jin Rui , Guo Jianwen , Wang Liangxu , Wang Weizhen , Qi Yuan , Li Hongyi , Xu Tongren , Ran Youhua , Hu Xiaoli , Shi Shengjin , Zhu Zhongli , Tan Junlei , Zhang Yang , Ren Zhiguo
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Heihe was the first basin‐scale integrated observatory network established in China.

An intensive flux observation matrix experiment was conducted.

New techniques, e.g., wireless sensor network, flux matrix, and airborne remote sensing, are used.

The integrated observatory network is useful in land surface processes research.

Research on land surface processes at the catchment scale has drawn much attention over the past few decades, and a number of watershed observatories have been established worldwide. The Heihe River Basin (HRB), which contains the second largest inland river in China, is an ideal natural field experimental area for investigation of land surface processes involving diverse landscapes and the coexistence of cold and arid regions. The Heihe Integrated Observatory Network was established in 2007. For long‐term observations, a hydrometeorological observatory, ecohydrological wireless sensor network, and satellite remote sensing are now in operation. In 2012, a multiscale observation experiment on evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces was conducted in the midstream region of the HRB, which included a flux observation matrix, wireless sensor network, airborne remote sensing, and synchronized ground measurements. Under an open data policy, the datasets have been publicly released following careful data processing and quality control. The outcomes highlight the integrated research on land surface processes in the HRB and include observed trends, scaling methods, high spatiotemporal resolution remote sensing products, and model–data integration in the HRB, all of which are helpful to other endorheic basins in the “Silk Road Economic Belt.” Henceforth, the goal of the Heihe Integrated Observatory Network is to develop an intelligent monitoring system that incorporates ground‐based observatory networks, unmanned aerial vehicles, and multi‐source satellites through the Internet of Things technology. Furthermore, biogeochemical processes observation will be improved, and the study of integrating ground observations, remote sensing, and large‐scale models will be promoted further.
Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: Seyfried Mark , Lohse Kathleen , Marks Danny , Flerchinger Gerald , Pierson Fred , Holbrook W. Steven
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Long‐term watersheds may provide a coherent description of climate change impacts.

Observatories provide a stable experimental platform for process model development.

Local environmental gradients support high spatial resolution hydrological modeling.

Long‐term hydrologic data support large scale biogeochemical process integration.

Large‐scale, high spatial resolution operational hydrologic modeling is feasible.

The Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) was established in 1960 as an “outdoor hydrological laboratory” to investigate hydrological processes of interest in the interior northwestern part of the United States. Initial emphasis was on installing and testing instrumentation and data collection and dissemination. The initial instrumentation network sampled the climatic gradient within the 239‐km2 watershed and focused on specific subwatersheds for intensive instrumentation. This network has expanded and supported ad hoc research and provides a stable platform for the development of long‐term programs supporting research and model development in snow hydrology, climate change, water and energy balance, land management, carbon cycling, and critical zone hydrology. Recently, the challenge taken up at the RCEW is to integrate different processes over space for applications to larger areas outside the watershed. The presence of steep local environmental gradients associated with topography in addition to more gradual, elevational gradients requires high‐resolution modeling. The snow hydrology program has demonstrated the potential for high‐resolution, process‐based modeling across large landscapes. The direct linkage of biogeochemical processes with hydrological processes ultimately requires a multidisciplinary approach that has been adopted at the RCEW since inclusion in the Critical Zone Observatory program. We think that coupling of these processes will lead to a better understanding and management of natural resources on the landscape.
İKİNCİL TRAVMATİK STRESİN MESLEK ELEMANLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BİR DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: YANBOLLUOĞLU Özge
Published: December 2018

Yıkıcı olaylara maruz kalan bireylerle çalışan
meslek elemanlarının (arama kurtarma ekipleri, acil servis çalışanları,
psikolog, sosyolog ve sosyal hizmet uzmanları gibi.) yaşadığı ikincil travmatik
stresin ortaya çıkarıldığı ve çeşitli değişkenlerle olan ilişkilerinin
incelendiği araştırmaların son yıllarda giderek arttığı görülmektedir. Bu
çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2007 ile 2017 yılları arasında yapılmış 15 çalışma ele
alınarak araştırmaların örneklem, yöntem, bulgular ve tartışmaları
karşılaştırılmıştır. İkincil travmatik stresin, cinsiyet, deneyim yılı ve
meslek grubu açısından farklılaştığı görülmüş, başa çıkma becerileri,
tükenmişlik gibi bireysel faktörlerle ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ele alınan
15 araştırmada ikincil travmatik stresin, deneyimle arttığı, psikologlarda
diğer meslek elemanlarına göre daha düşük, kişisel travma öyküsü bulunanlarda
daha yüksek olduğu, eğitim düzeyi arttıkça azaldığı bulgulanmıştır. Cinsiyet
farkına ilişkin bulgular ise tartışmalıdır. Araştırmaların çelişkili bulguları,
ikincil travmatik stresin önlenmesi ve ikincil travmatik strese müdahale
anlamında sunulan çözüm önerileri bir araya getirilerek yorumlanmıştır.
A coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model for flood simulation
Authors: Liu Zhanyan , Zhang Hongbin , Liang Qiuhua
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a new flood modelling tool developed by coupling a full 2D hydrodynamic model with hydrological models. The coupled model overcomes the main limitations of the individual modelling approaches, i.e. high computational costs associated with the hydrodynamic models and less detailed representation of the underlying physical processes related to the hydrological models. When conducting a simulation using the coupled model, the computational domain (e.g. a catchment) is first divided into hydraulic and hydrological zones. In the hydrological zones that have high ground elevations and relatively homogeneous land cover or topographic features, a conceptual lumped model is applied to obtain runoff/net rainfall, which is then routed by a group of pre-acquired ‘unit hydrographs’ to the zone borders. These translated hydrographs will then be used to drive the full 2D hydrodynamic model to predict flood dynamics at high resolution in the hydraulic zones that are featured with complex topographic settings, including roads, buildings, etc. The new coupled flood model is applied to reproduce a major flood event that occurred in Morpeth, northeast England in September 2008. While producing similar results, the new coupled model is shown to be computationally much more efficient than the full hydrodynamic model.
A Novel Cell-based β-secretase Enzymatic Assay for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: De Araujo Herculano Bruno , Wang Zhe , Song Weihong
Published: December 2018

Background:

Deposition of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) into neuritic plaques is the neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Aβ is generated through the cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Currently, the evaluation of APP cleavage by β-secretase in experimental settings has largely depended on models that do not replicate the physiological conditions of this process.

Objective:

To establish a novel live cell-based β-secretase enzymatic assay utilizing a novel chimeric protein that incorporates the natural sequence of APP and more closely replicates its cleavage by β-secretase under physiological conditions.

Methods:

We have developed a chimeric protein construct, ASGβ, incorporating the β-site cleavage sequence of APP targeted by β-secretase and its intracellular trafficking signal into a Phosphatase-eGFP secreted reporter system. Upon cleavage by β-secretase, ASGβ releases a phosphatase-containing portion that can be measured in the culture medium, and an intracellular fraction that can be detected through Western Blot. Subsequently, we have generated a cell line stably expressing ASGβ that can be utilized to assay β-secretase in real time.

Results:

ASGβ is specifically targeted by β-secretase, being cleaved exclusively at the site responsible for the generation of Aβ. Dosage response to β-secretase inhibitors shows that β-secretase activity can be positively correlated to phosphatase activity in culture media.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest this system could be a high-throughput tool to screen compounds that aim to modulate β-secretase activity and Aβ production under physiological conditions, as well as evaluating factors that regulate this cleavage.
Hand Washing Before and After Applying Different Hand Hygiene Techniques in Places of Public Concern in Tripoli-Libya
Authors: Alsagher Mohamed R. , Soudah Sally A. , Khsheba Asma E. , Fadel Sara M. , Dadiesh Masara A. , Houme Maram A. , Eshagroni Aya S. , Alosta Fadia F. , Almsalaty Soad M.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Hand hygiene has being considered as one of the primary measures to improve standards and practice for hospital care and to minimize the transmission of nosocomial pathogens. There is substantial evidence that incidence of hospital acquired infections is reduced by applying hand antisepsis. Regarding hand hygiene and public concern, hand washing has revealed that 85% of the observed adults wash their hands after using public toilets.

Objective:

To compare the efficacy of hand rubbing with an alcohol based solution versus conventional hand washing with antiseptic and non-antiseptic soaps in reducing bacterial counts using different hand hygiene techniques.

Methods:

Ninety-three volunteers took part in this study; 57 from Tripoli Medical Center (TMC); 16 from school; 11 from bank; and 9 from office. All volunteers performed six hand hygiene techniques, immediately before and after a volunteer practice activity: hand washing with non-antiseptic soap for 10 and 30 second (s); hand washing with antiseptic soap for 10, 30 or 60 s; and alcohol-based hand rub. A total of 864 specimens were taken: 432 before and 432 after volunteer's hand hygiene. The fingertips of the dominant hand for each volunteer were pressed on to agar for culture before and after each hand hygiene technique. Plates were incubated at 37oC, and colony-forming units were counted after 48 hours and pathogenic bacteria were identified.

Results:

Results showed that 617 specimens (71.41%) were positive for bacterial growth. 301 (48.78%) were from TMC, 118 (19.12%) were from office; 107 (14.34%) were from school and 91 (14.75%) were from bank.

Conclusion:

Both antiseptic and non–antiseptic soaps did not work properly in reducing bacterial counts of worker’s hands at all places of study, but significantly improved by an application of alcohol based gel.
Synthesis, Spectral and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis of Novel Macromolecular Organo-Copper Surfactants
Authors: Joram Anju , Sharma Rashmi , Sharma Arun K.
Published: December 2018

Background:

The present paper highlights:

Synthesis of copper surfactants derived from edible oils i.e. Groundnut & Sesame and non-edible oils i.e. Neem & Karanj.

Methods:

Spectral studies (IR, NMR) have been carried out to understand the structural insight of the surfactants synthesized.

Results and Conclusion:

Thermogravimetric analysis of copper surfactants derived from Groundnut, Sesame, Neem & Karanj has been done to confirm the thermal decomposition/stability. Kinetic parameter i.e. activation energy and thermodynamic parameters i.e. Gibbs free energy, entropy and enthalpy were calculated by five different well-known equations namely Freeman Carroll, Coats - Redfern, Horowitz – Metzger, Broido, and Piloyan –Novikova.
Caracterización del sotobosque en bosques densos de pino y oyamel en el Nevado de Toluca, México
Authors: Mejía Canales Ana , Franco-Maass Sergio , Endara Agramont Angel Rolando , Ávila Akerberg Víctor
Published: December 2018

La mayor diversidad florística de los bosques templados se encuentra en el componente herbáceo y arbustivo del sotobosque, en estos, la flora adquiere gran importancia ecológica y funcional. Los procesos esenciales del ciclo de nutrientes y la trayectoria sucesional, dependen directamente de la vegetación del sotobosque. Por ello, es necesario realizar la caracterización florística de estas comunidades y conocer su diversidad. En este estudio se determinó la composición y estructura de las especies herbáceas y arbustivas en bosques densos de Pinus hartwegii (Lindl) y Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl. et Cham.) del Nevado de Toluca y se cuantificó la abundancia de regeneración arbórea en 10 cuadrantes continuos de 10 m × 10 m. En las especies menores a 50 cm de altura se estimó la cobertura y abundancia con base en la escala Braun-Blanquet. En las especies mayores a 50 cm se obtuvo el valor relativo en cobertura, frecuencia y densidad, además del valor de importancia. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, la flora del sotobosque de Abies religiosa posee una mayor riqueza y está compuesta por 33 especies, 25 géneros y 14 familias, donde Asteraceae es la familia dominante. El sotobosque de Pinus hartwegii registró un total de 18 especies, 16 géneros y 10 familias, con dominancia en cobertura y abundancia de la familia Poaceae. En ambas comunidades vegetales la abundancia de la regeneración es mayor en plántulas y menor en brinzales y latizales.
Corrupção e desigualdade como sintomas do submundo do desenvolvimento
Authors: Costa Ana Clara Gomes
Published: December 2018

Com base em um argumento muito comum que vincula corrupção e desigualdades sociais ao subdesenvolvimento, esse artigo se propõe a fazer um caminho inverso, reconhecendo, na ideia do desenvolvimento, a legitimação da violência estrutural e a naturalização de hierarquias sociais. Evidenciamos, portanto, o submundo implícito na noção do progresso e do crescimento econômico, que constitui a própria face de aprofundamento da pobreza e das crises sociais. A lógica neoliberal cria o seu arcabouço quando esbarra nas problemáticas conflitivas relacionadas ao aumento da exploração e da produtividade, em choque com o aumento das desigualdades sociais e o esgotamento do meio ambiente.
Comunicação Política depois do Golpe: notas para uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Albuquerque Afonso
Published: December 2018

O golpe jurídico-parlamentar de 2016 pegou de surpresa os pesquisadores brasileiros em Comunicação Política. Como e por que isso pôde acontecer? Este artigo sustenta que o problema se deve à incapacidade da pesquisa brasileira em definir a própria agenda de investigação. Por um lado, o Brasil se constitui como um país periférico no cenário internacional da pesquisa, e essa condição torna os pesquisadores brasileiros particularmente propensos a reproduzir, de maneira pouco crítica premissas e modelos cunhados para dar conta de condições inteiramente diferentes das que se apresentam no seu país. Pelo outro, um conjunto diversificado de atores tem, ativa e sistematicamente, emprestado caráter de verdade científica a agendas acadêmicas politicamente orientadas.
Pelatihan Daur Ulang Logam (Alumunium) bagi Masyarakat Karang Joang
Authors: Awali Jatmoko , Ismail Ika , Aryatama Olivier , Triana Yunita , Asih Wentika
Published: December 2018

Daur ulang logam merupakan cara efektif untuk menanggulangi melimpahnya limbah logam seperti kaleng minuman, besi bekas, dan logam-logam lainnya. Keterampilan daur ulang logam diperlukan oleh masyarakat sekitar, khususnya para pemuda untuk dapat mengurangi jumlah limbah yang terdapat di lingkungan Karang Joang serta mengembangkan industri kreatif yang baru dan inovatif, namun masyarakat Karang Joang belum memiliki keterampilan dan belum pernah mendapatkan pelatihan tentang daur ulang logam. Oleh karena itu, dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh Program Studi Teknik Material dan Metalurgi diberikan pelatihan daur ulang logam (aluminium) bagi masyarakat Karang Joang. Pelatihan daur ulang logam diselenggarakan di Kampus Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur yang merupakan daerah sekitar kampus ITK. Pelatihan diikuti oleh 15 pemuda-pemuda Karang Joang. Pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan metode penyampaian materi serta pelatihan dan diskusi. Hasil pelatihan yang dianalisis secara kualitatif (berdasarkan observasi dan hasil diskusi) menunjukkan bahwa semua peserta mendapat pengetahuan dan keterampilan baru yaitu daur ulang logam (aluminium).
Nevardarbīgās pretošanās dokumenti: ceturtais sējums ceļā pie lasītāja
Authors: Blūzma Valdis
Published: December 2018

Recenzija par grāmatu: Nevardarbīgā pretošanās: Latvijas neatkarības atgūšana dokumentos (1945–1991). 4. sējums. Latvijas neatkarības idejas uzturēšana trimdā (1945–1991). Rīga 2017, 388 lpp. ISBN 9789934851575
Implementasi Supervisi Keuangan Pada MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Muspawi Mohamad
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi nyata implementasi supervisi keuangan pada MAN Insan Cendekia provinsi Jambi. Dimana kebaradaan MAN Insan Cendekia provinsi Jambi merupakan rujukan lembaga pendidikan berbasiskan agama Islam di provinsi Jambi dalam hal kualitas kelembagaannya. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah: 1). Bagaimana implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi?. 2). Apa saja kendala  implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, yang mana peneliti menguraikan temuan penelitian secara naratif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang gunakan adalah teknik obervasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Untuk mengecek validitas data maka penulis melakukan ketekunan pengamatan, triangulasi, member check, audit trail. Dan untuk menganalisis data maka penulis melakukan penelaahan dan reduksi data, unitisasi data, kategorisasi data, dan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1. Implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi dilaksanakan dalam bentuk: a. Supervisi dengan pemantauan langsung harian. b. Supervisi berdasarkan penilaian laporan bulanan. c. Supervisi melalui pelatihan internal.  2. Kendala  implementasi supervisi keuangan di MAN Insan Cendekia Provinsi Jambi sebagai berikut: a. Tingginya kesibukan kepala Madrasah. b. Staf keuangan ada yang sakit ketika disupervisi.
On three approaches to length-bounded maximum multicommodity flow with unit edge-lengths
Authors: Borisovsky Pavel , Eremeev Anton , Hrushev Sergei , Teplyakov Vadim , Vorozhtsov Mikhail
Published: December 2018

The paper presents a comparison between three approaches to solving the length-bounded maximum multicommodity flow problem with unit edge-lengths. Following the first approach, Garg and K?nemann?s, we developed an improved fully polynomial time approximation scheme for this problem. As the second alternative, we considered the well-known greedy approach. The third approach is the one that yields exact solutions by means of a standard LP solver applied to an LP model on the time-expanded network. Computational experiments are carried out on benchmark graphs and the graphs that model software defined satellite networks, to compare the proposed algorithms with an exact linear programming solver. The results of the experiments demonstrate a trade-off between the computing time and the precision of algorithms under consideration.
A influência de variáveis socioculturais e biológicas no desempenho da linguagem receptiva em pré-escolares
Authors: Virtuozo Carol Pedrosa Monteiro , Marques Maria Cecilia , Monteiro Cristiane Pedruzzi
Published: December 2018

Introdução: O desenvolvimento infantil consiste em um processo de continuidade e mudanças em vários domínios interdependentes. A linguagem receptiva por sua vez se faz importante no desenvolvimento da comunicação, pois por meio dela a criança desenvolve habilidades de consciência fonológica, comportamentos de conversação, entre outros. Objetivo: Verificar a influência de aspectos socioculturais e biológicos no desempenho da linguagem receptiva de crianças pré-escolares. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 30 crianças na faixa etária entre 24 e 36 meses devidamente matriculadas no maternal I de dois centros municipais de educação infantil. Foi aplicado um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores para a coleta de dados biológicos, econômicos e sociais da amostra. As crianças com alterações auditivas, neurológicas e/ou visuais foram excluídas. Para verificar o desenvolvimento da linguagem foi aplicada a prova de linguagem receptiva da Escala Bayley III de Desenvolvimento Infantil. A pontuação do escore da Bayley foi correlacionada com variáveis sociais e biológicas no presente estudo. Resultados: Nos escores alcançados na escala Bayley III, 63,33% (n=19) crianças ficaram abaixo da média do teste de linguagem receptiva. As variáveis renda familiar e sexo e o escore de linguagem receptiva foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: O desempenho da linguagem de pré-escolares foi inferior ao esperado para a faixa etária de acordo com os escores obtidos na Bayley III. Pode-se considerar que os aspectos biológicos são reconhecidos como pré-condição para aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem, enquanto os aspectos ambientais são determinantes para a qualidade das habilidades de linguagem.