bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence for predictive maintenance
Authors: Kamel H
Published: July 2022

Maintenance constitutes an important share of modern industrial activities. Reliable operations rely on the adequate application on maintenance. However, in the present competitive environment, maintenance processes must be optimized so that they will be performed only when needed, otherwise resources will be needlessly wasted. This is in contrast to the conventional approach where maintenance is scheduled according to a time plan regardless of it is needed or not. This paper presents the application of artificial intelligence to create a model that can successfully predict the condition of a machine in terms of the probability of failure occurrence. This work uses a synthetic dataset that reflects a realistic scenario where sensors are connected to a machine to monitor its health condition and record failure incidents. The dataset consists of 10,000 records. Each record consists of five numerical measurements: air and process temperatures, machine rotational speed and torque and finally a measurement of machine wear. This in addition to the type of product the machine is producing makes six input variables. The output response was considered as the state of machine failure that was represented as true or false. An artificial neural network was trained and it successfully predicted the state of the machine. The capabilities and limitations of applying artificial intelligence were discussed. In addition, a brief overview of other predictive techniques was given.
Tire mobility numbers and vehicles performance evaluation based on empirical approaches
Authors: Hendy A
Published: July 2022

The wheel mobility number is a dimension less parameter that has a great and effective influence on prediction the off-road wheeled vehicle’s performance. The wheel mobility number is affected by soil strength, vehicle’s weight, and tires geometry. Different types of published wheel mobility numbers were collected and theoretically investigated to compare their vehicle performance. The major goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of tires parameters on vehicle mobility. For this, the tire geometry was measured using experimental testing at various tires inflation pressures. A theoretical comparison is carried out to the investigate the effect of soil cone index, tire geometry and vehicle weight on mobility numbers. The theoretical results are arranged in three worked zones and the vehicle performance in terms of net traction and tractive efficiency using empirical approaches were predicted. A comparison between predicted results and published results gives a good correlation.
Multi-fidelity structural analysis of a beam-shaped wing
Authors: Osama M , Ahmed M Y , Saleh S , Khalil M
Published: July 2022

As far as integrity and proper operation of a flying vehicle are concerned, modal analysis of the wing is a crucial design procedure. This procedure aims to define the natural frequencies of the wing structure to avoid resonance under fluctuating aerodynamic loads. This procedure becomes more significant if the wing to forced to perform pitching oscillation. The present study aims to define the dynamic behavior of a rectangular wing with NACA 0009 airfoil using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory by treating the wing as a cantilever beam. To assess the validity of this treatment and the theoretical method as a design tool, both numerical simulations and experimental measurements are applied on the wing. Results of this multi-fidelity modal analysis define the natural frequencies of the wing. The good agreement of the three methods confirms the validity of treating the wing in concern as a simple cantilever beam.
Impact of changing nozzle profiles on thermal and structural loads acting on nozzle wall
Authors: Saleh M , Saleh S , Zayed A
Published: July 2022

A nozzle of rockets is a window for the combustion chamber to the ambient air. It is subjected to several thermal and mechanical loads acting on the internal wall. So, the nozzle structural behavior has a significant impact on the mission achievement. The aim of this paper is studying a variety of nozzle profiles shape and its influences on structural behavior. Computational fluid dynamics software was applied to investigate the temperature and pressure on the internal wall of the nozzle while observing if there is any change at nozzle ballistic performance or not. Four different convergent profiles had been investigated to study its effect on structural stresses acting on nozzle wall. The results showed body temperature distribution, static pressure and thermal-structural stresses at nozzle wall. Changing the internal profile of the nozzle convergent caused significant change in pressure and temperature loads acting on nozzle wall structure. Conical shape convergent profile produced less stresses at throat section by 19.8% compared to original profile.
Design and development of dual-acting soft actuator for assistance and rehabilitation of finger flexion and extension
Authors: Elsherif AR , Awad M I , Maged S A , Ramzy A
Published: July 2022

The powerfulness of Soft robotic systems is relied to the safe performance. In addition to other advantages: the flexibility and deformability. Developing an assistive tool for Hand rehabilitation through soft pneumatic actuated hand gloves is an improved and suitable way for helping post stroke subjects. The Pneumatic network (Pneu-Net) actuators are soft actuators composed of pneumatic chambers actuates when pressurised with air. Dual acting soft pneumatic Pneu-Net actuator is developed as a part for building the glove, the actuator is designed for assisting both finger flexion and extension motions. Pneumatic network (Pneu-net) actuator is developed and design geometry effect is studied, mainly the influence of the dual actuators on each other in addition to the effect of the number of air chambers per each actuator. Design selection based on the finite element analysis and experimental testing, bending angle and energy efficiency parameters in addition to comfort and safe performance are the main criteria of concern.
Implementation of hybrid RSM-GA optimization techniques in underwater friction stir welding
Authors: Sabry I , El-Zathry N E , Gadallah N , Abdel Ghafaar M
Published: July 2022

Standard friction stir welding process parameters have a considerable impact on the quality of functional parts produced by underwater friction stir welding (UWFSW) with additive water. Hybrid statistical techniques may be used to optimize operating parameters in order to improve the aim function. The tensile strength (UTS)of parts fabricated with UWFSW by Al 6063 material in accordance with ASTMD638-14 tests is investigated in this study. In the construction of test specimens, three parameters were varied: rotational speed from 1000 to 1800 rpm, travel speed from 4 to 10 mm/s, and shoulder diameter from 10 to 20 mm. The response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD) matrix for the parametric combination was constructed using a second-order polynomial fitting model. The maximum UTS of testing samples on the 201T universal testing machine (UTM) was 208.27 MPa. These process parameters are also optimized using hybrid optimization approaches such as response surface methodology- genetic algorithm (RSM-GA). RSM-GA had the highest precision of 98.99 percent, which resulted in optimal characteristics such as rotating speed 1800 rpm, travelling speed 4 mm/s, and shoulder diameter 15 mm, which resulted in a maximum tensile strength of 199.0212 MPa.
Non-linear optical characteristics of sand glass
Authors: Hebatalrahman H , Salah A , Hasabelnaby S , Khalil A
Published: July 2022

In this work the nonlinear optical characteristics of sand glass which is the origin of quartz crystal were evaluated, sand glass particles from mining site waste were prepared by washing, drying, magnetic separation and sieving. The particles are soaked in sulphonic acid H2 SO4 acidic solution with 30% concentration for 100 hours, the new compound with optical characteristics was formed at different volume fractions of sandglass such as 20%,40%,60%, and 80% respectively. The new machine was developed for manufacturing the new compound from sand glass. The optical nonlinear absorption coefficient of the sand glass-ceramics material was investigated using the Z-scan technique, provided with nanosecond pulses of second harmonic (green Nd:YAG laser with 532nm wavelength). The effect of lattice structure and particles concentration on the non-linear optical properties were also discussed. The conclusions and recommendations for the best material and concertation for nonlinear optical material were mentioned. The research end with conclusions and recommendation for the development of new optical materials based on micro and nanoparticles from natural resources.
The effect of operating conditions on the conversion of the agricultural waste into 5-hdroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Elmously M , Abu-Elyazeed O M , Emara A
Published: July 2022

The bio-refinery currently is the main concern of the scientific society, while the bio-refinery is considered as an alternative approach to fulfil the demands of the oil alternatives and the energy production. As its goal to gradually be replacing the dependence on the fossil-fuel resources, the 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is one of the important intermediate compounds in the chemical industries due to its high potential availability from different lignocellulose wastes. However, the 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is considered as raw material for producing petroleum refining industry, chemical resistant resin, as well biofuel production and other bio-alternatives materials to replace the petrochemicals materials. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to determine the optimum process conditions of conversion of the agriculture waste into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), such as a solvent type, catalyst type, reaction time and temperature. The experimental setup is designed for integration of the pre-treatment, hydrolysis, and dehydration process in one-stage high pressurized vessel. The results show that 5-HMF is successfully produced with high yield by the dehydration of glucose in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. Additionally, increasing the temperature up to 250°C improves the glucose conversion and raises the HMF-yield up to 47wt%. However, the reaction time is found to be more critical, where by increasing the reaction time the yield increases up to a certain limit then it decreases and this may be due to the rise in the dissociation rate to by products. Furthermore, the DMSO is approved as a solvent where it is highly selective of HMF, and it has low side reactions compared to water/butanol.
Neural networks in solving differential equations
Authors: Gorikhovskii V I , Evdokimova T O , Poletansky V A
Published: July 2022

The paper considers the possibility of using neural networks in solving differential equations and systems. The paper investigates the influence of various basic neural network topologies, various optimizers, activation functions, fast access links and some heuristic methods on the quality of neural network training and the accuracy of solving the differential equation.
Numerical modeling of unsteady subsonic flow over the conical shape body
Authors: Babakov A V
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of a numerical study of the unsteady vortex motion of gas arising over the conical body with a segmental bottom surface for various angles of attack in a subsonic flow regime. The simulation is based on the viscous compressible gas model (Navier–Stokes model). For various attack angles, the patterns of vortex flow around the conical surface of the body, in the area of its conjugation with the segmental bottom surface and in the near wake are presented. Data on non-stationary behavior and the magnitude of pressure in the conjugation area are given. For numerical simulation the method of finite volumes is used. Taking into account phenomena of the flow separation, the computational grids used have condensation to the surface of the body. Numerical calculations were carried out on the basis of parallel algorithms of the method and were realized on multiprocessor computing complexes.
Supersymmetric dS

n
solutions for n
⩾ 5in D
= 11 supergravity
Authors: Farotti D , Gutowski J B
Published: July 2022

We determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for warped product dS

n
solutions, 5 ⩽ n ⩽ 10, to preserve supersymmetry in D = 11 supergravity, without assuming factorization of the Killing spinors. We prove that for 7 ⩽ n ⩽ 10, all such solutions are flat, with vanishing four-form. We also show that the only warped product dS
6 solutions are either the maximally supersymmetric AdS
7 × S
4 solution, or

R

1
,
6

×

N

4

where N
4 is hyperKähler, with vanishing four-form. Supersymmetric warped product dS
5 solutions are then classified; it is shown that all such solutions are generalized M5-brane configurations, for which the transverse space is

R
×

N

4

, and N
4 is a hyperKähler manifold. If the four-form is covariantly constant, then N
4 admits a hyperKähler potential.
Entanglement dynamics of a hard-core quantum gas during a Joule expansion
Authors: Ares Filiberto , Scopa Stefano , Wald Sascha
Published: July 2022

We study the entanglement dynamics of a one-dimensional hard-core quantum gas initially confined in a box of size L with saturated density ρ = 1. The gas is suddenly released into a region of size 2L by moving one of the box edges. We show that the analytic prediction for the entanglement entropy obtained from quantum fluctuating hydrodynamics holds quantitatively true even after several reflections of the gas against the box edges. We further investigate the long time limit t/L ≫ 1 where a Floquet picture of the non-equilibrium dynamics emerges and hydrodynamics eventually breaks down.
Environmentally balanced preconditions for use of logging residues in forests of Ukrainian Carpathians for energy production
Authors: Vasylyshyn R , Lakyda  , Soshenskyi O , Lakyda M , Melnyk O , Slusarchuk V
Published: July 2022

Use of woody biomass of logging residues at plots where different types of logging has occurred as a planned management activity has to be based on the analysis of relevant environmental risks. These risks include biodiversity losses, soil fertility reduction, and formation of dangerous volumes of flammable materials in forests during the fire-hazardous period, which is especially relevant on plots with high recreational load. As a result of the research, we propose indicative utilization rates for logging residues at sites where care or final cuts occur in spruce, beech and fir dominated stands in various growth conditions. The information basis of the research is formed by the research data on distribution of the relevant forest stands in different types of forest growth conditions, as well as on influence of forest growth conditions on processes of biological destruction and accumulation of forest flammable materials at plots with intensive recreational load. The proposed utilization rates for logging residues serve as an information component in the process of formation of regional strategy of forest bioenergy development.
Optimal sizing and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid solar PV/wind/diesel generator system
Authors: Tay Godfred , Acakpovi Amevi , Adjei Patrick , Aggrey George K. , Sowah Robert , Kofi Daniel , Afonope Maxwell , Sulley Mustapha
Published: July 2022

Hybrid power systems that combine wind and solar PV technology have been widely employed for power generation, particularly for electrification in remote and islanding locations, because they are more cost-effective and reliable than traditional power systems. This article intends to develop an environmentally friendly and cost-effective hybrid power system for selected critical loads in the Avuto community of Ghana. Following the acquisition of site data, a hybrid solar PV, wind, diesel generator, and converter analysis was conducted using HOMER software to establish the appropriate sizing of system components based on technical and economic parameters such as load served, annual electricity production, net present cost (NPC), emission, Operating cost, Fuel consumption and energy cost (COE). Based on the optimization computational results, it can be stated that the combination of system components, including solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, and diesel generator, is a good fit for the application region and might be used for rural and island electrification in the future. The suggested energy system has an LCOE of 0.39 US$/kWh for the 1.08 US$/litre diesel fuel cost and a 3.33-year payback period, with 58.8 kW for PV, 7 units for 3 kW wind turbines, 10 kW for diesel generator, and 6.99 kW for the converter. In terms of emission reduction, the proposed case presented a 55% emission reduction from the base case scenario.
Innovative design of grid connected solar/diesel hybrid system using RETScreen software
Authors: Kofi Daniel , Acakpovi Amevi , Adjei Patrick , Sowah Robert , Aggrey George K. , Tay Godfred , Sulley Mustapha , Afonope Maxwell
Published: July 2022

Accessibility to dependable energy resource is vital to the emerging economy to function appropriately in this contemporary world for both residential and commercial purposes. Technological advancement has opened avenues for more sophisticated technologies to combine multiple energy sources to generate affordable electricity for residential and industrial purposes. The study, therefore aims at analyzing the fiscal benefits of hybrid Solar PV and Diesel Generator (DG) (PV-DG) grid-connected system using RETSceen software. The study focused on a specific location, J. A. Plant Pool Ghana Limited, warehouse Department. The study recommended and proposed an effective design of a hybrid PV-DG grid connected electricity supply for the warehouse Department. The economic viability of the project and the payback period obtained through computation were very attractive. Also, the total revenue of electricity exported to the grid annually and GHG emission reduction were within the standard benchmark. The study finally concurred that renewable energy sources such as solar when hybridized with any other energy systems, lead to a noticeable electrical cost reduction. Therefore, this system design provides multiple benefits, including; improved reliability, reduced emission and significant cost reduction.
Predicting Housing Evacuation Process during Natural Disaster Event Using Pathfinder Simulation, Puuwatu Kendari Real Estate Complex as A Case Study
Authors: Mustakima D , Nurdini A
Published: July 2022

Housing site plan should respond to safety standards for disaster evacuation, especially in Kendari City, Indonesia. It is caused by its geological conditions at high risk of natural disasters such as earthquakes, liquefactions, tsunamis, etc. The study on housing accessibility quality for the evacuation process in Kendari was limited. This study was conducted to identify the evacuation access quality of the housing site plan in Puuwatu Kendari as a case study. The main indicators to measure evacuation access quality are user characters, housing unit layouts, and the width of circulation access including the pedestrian path, road system, and the assembly point. These indicators are analyzed by the Pathfinder application. It is identified that the actual time for the total evacuation process outside of housing units is 44,4 seconds and into the assembly point (the nearest open public space) 103,5seconds. The actual time of evacuation to reach outside of housing units is still in the standard range of 2-3 minutes. On the other hand, the actual time of evacuation to reach open public space is 287 seconds still within the standard 30 minutes. It is caused by the distance of the assembly point in a radius of 60-70 meters. The quality of the assembly point is the main problem for the typical housing site plan in this case study. Respectively, the housing site plan in Kendari and the other similar cities have to be managed to comply with the standard for the disaster evacuation process.
Vulnerability Analysis of Fire Evacuation at Urban Kampong Using Space Syntax Method, Penggilingan Jakarta as a Case Study
Authors: Rosyidah A , Tambunan L , Nurdini A
Published: July 2022

Urban settlements including kampong at DKI Jakarta Province are vulnerable to fire hazards. The fire risk will increase along with the increase of kampong’s population, the density of housing units in the area, and spatial accessibility quality. However, the understanding of urban kampong’s spatial configuration related to the vulnerability degree of fire hazards is limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the vulnerability of urban kampong structures related to fire evacuation. Penggilingan Sub-district of East Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta, and its surrounding area were selected as a case study to represent high-density urban kampong with high fire hazards events. The space syntax analysis is utilized as a tool to analyse the main indicators of spatial vulnerability: connectivity, mean depth, and integration of the area. Connectivity affects the easiness of evacuation during a fire disaster. Meanwhile, integration and mean depth affect the level of accessibility. The correlation of connectivity and integration implies an intelligibility degree that is a supporting parameter of wayfinding. It is identified that several areas in Penggilingan Sub-district are vulnerable to fire in the aspect of evacuation because of their low connectivity and accessibility. The result of this study can be developed as a basis for evacuation planning and fire safety management in the urban dense kampong.
Comparison of Daylight Performance in Three Different Sky Conditions for Various Window Shading Types
Authors: Khidmat R P , Fukuda H , Kustiani  , Sari A A
Published: July 2022

Building sector contributes 40% of total energy consumption. In line with this, passive design strategy should be taken as an essential consideration to bring occupants comfort both thermally and visually. Besides, related to human health, one of the factors that the designer is encouraged to fulfill is the proportional amount of daylight that penetrates the building’s room. The passive strategy to optimize the daylight performance can be approached both from the building orientation and the shading system. This paper will computationally compare the different shading systems from vertical and horizontal louver, perforated metal sheets, and expanded metal shading, aiming to investigate the desirable shading-related design solution for the given condition. The simulated room is virtually situated in three different sun positions: Birmingham, United Kingdom, Jakarta, Indonesia, and Sydney, Australia. The metrics used in this experiment are Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). The Rhinoceros and Grasshopper were used to model the intended simulated room, while Ladybug and Honeybee were used to undergo environmental analysis. The results show that the vertical louver LV performs better in the three regions than the rest three compared shading. The experiment results are expected to give an overview which of which is fit for the situation.
Digital Placemaking and Its Effect to The Architectural Development (Case Study: City of Dreams, Macau)
Authors: Kurniawaty G , Horlanso V , Aditama M Y , Larasati D
Published: July 2022

Placemaking is the process of creating a place, with space and users as the main elements, and aims to increase the value of a place. Along with developments of technology especially the digitalization of architecture, the adjustment of the process of creating a place becomes an issue that deserves attention in the field of architecture. Therefore, the term digital placemaking was born as a form of adaptation to the existence of digital interventions on placemaking. This paper aims to determine the role of digital technology in creating a place (placemaking) with an architectural context and knowing the development of design products as a result of technological developments related to placemaking. The methods used in this research are quantitative and qualitative. A Likert scale scoring method is used in the quantitative method to classify the sub-aspects that meet and do not meet the placemaking parameters. The qualitative method used is a grounded theory of the respondents’ open questions which are then packaged in a descriptive discussion. The findings of this study indicate that the level of placemaking fulfilment through digital interventions can be achieved and has the potential to be applied in Indonesia. This is shown by the achievement of the placemaking parameter from a case study of digital placemaking applications in the City of Dreams, Macau. All sub-aspects from the aspects of sociability, uses and activities, as well as access and linkages, meet the placemaking parameter. Almost all sub aspects of comfort and image fulfill the placemaking parameter, except for the sub-historic and green aspects.
Identification of Comfort Aspects of Architectural Students’ Residence for School from Home Activities
Authors: Noviandri P P , Sudarsono A S
Published: July 2022

Covid 19 pandemic affected learning methods from offline to online. All parties involved in learning need to make various adaptations so that the learning process can run effectively. Students are required to focus on education at home (School from Home/SFH). The architectural learning method prioritizes practice in designing called Studio Class. It causes problems when it comes to changing the learning method online. Place of residence also plays an essential role. When they are SFH, the students live in private houses, rented houses, and boarding houses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether characteristics of the learning room environment (thermal, lighting, and audial) in the living space have a major impact on the success of SFH learning. This study employs quantitative research to ascertain the variables affecting environmental comfort through online questionnaire data. The thermal element is determined to have the greatest impact on overall comfort. Audial comfort is critical in breaking students’ concentration when performing studio exercises. In general, students who live in boarding houses do not feel disruption from surrounding noise, however students who live in private homes do.
Adaptive Re-use in Hospital Building for Development Efficiency, Case Study: Regular ward use for a new function of the psychiatric ward at RSUP Dr. Kariadi
Authors: Wahyuningrum S H , Wibowo M A , Sardjono A B
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to develop design guidelines in the architectural design process, especially for developing new facilities in the hospital complex, which is optimized by using existing buildings transformed into a new function. A specific approach for the adaptive re-use technique will help find a comprehensive method and efficiency of construction budgeting. This paper will discuss changes and developments for providing space for specific healthcare treatment facilities that are always developing every time as long as the hospital still stands, besides developing services or specific treatment for a specific disease for improving healthcare services. To answer hospital design and development, which can be adapted for every development, we can also develop adaptive re-use technique as one of the alternatives for accommodating fulfilling the need for new functions or adding new treatment facilities in the existing hospital. Existing buildings can be transformed into new functions with minimum editing or retrofitting procedures, so the existing building can extend the duty for accommodating building functions. This technique is also to save the budget for construction of the new building, for at least use the existing structure as a basic start and find out for optimum re-adjustment in other parts of buildings components to fit new function. The case study took at RSUP Dr. Kariadi Hospital, which transformed from an existing regular ward into a psychiatric ward with specific requirements in inpatient facilities. The result of the research can be used as a guide in the design process for developing the new function in hospital buildings that fulfills the efficiency of the construction budget. A specific approach to the design model will help find a comprehensive design method.
Low-Cost Apartment Design with Tropical Architecture Approach in Bekasi City
Authors: Nabilah Aisyah , Ramadhan Try , Busono Rr. Tjahyani , Paramita Beta
Published: July 2022

Bekasi city is one of the largest Jakarta’s satellite cities that is experiencing population growth very quickly, especially in Bantargebang district. Bantargebang has the most population growth rate and is considered as slums as the Landfill Disposal located there. Bekasi is geographically located in the lowlands and experiences a massive growth in industrial and residential activities throughout the year, causing an increase in the temperature of the microclimate in which makes people feel thermally uncomfortable living there. This paper describes the design process of Low-Cost-Apartment (Rusunawa) with Tropical Architecture approach to answer the problem of thermal comfort. This research was conducted by analyzing the impact of application of Tropical Architecture such as building orientation, building configurations, building coverage, vegetations, openings, and materials to create a more comfortable place for living. The design process of these indicators is based on building simulations such as SunHour, CFD (Computational Fluid Design), and RayMan Tools to obtain the ideal design. This paper presents the usage of sunshading on the top 2 floors of each tower, specifically at the north side, and the building configuration with various level of height on each towers to help maximize the air flow within the site in order to reach thermal comfort. From simulations with these three tools, it can be concluded that the thermal comfort can be reached with the application of Tropical Architecture.
Resilient House: Self Modification to Create Creative Space during Online-Learning
Authors: Asharhani I S , Sari M G
Published: July 2022

Current house setup presents inadequacies of flexibility that bring into unsuitable situation, which examine resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing restrictions cause residents to carry out all activities inside the house, including Architecture students. Creativity as an attitude that is needed by Architecture students’ needs to be maintained even if online learning is implemented. This research was conducted on Pradita University students who had experienced architectural studio learning activities, during the protocol period for maintaining the established distance learning. The previous study is adaptation has occurred with layout modifications to residential during the pandemic, further presumption that the house can become resilient by learning process and self-organization process to produce a creative environment. The research method uses direct observation by assigning the respondents themselves as observers who report the observations. The results indicate that space as “a process manifestation” is present in all respondent area in their house. While the space as “social dimension” and “knowledge repository” are held by most of the respondents. Meanwhile, space as “an indicator of culture” and “source of stimulation” was only raised by half of respondents. This paper aims to investigate the implementation of creative space in residential homes. The research results are expected to be used for improving housing providers so as residents can carry out self-organization as a resilience architecture.
Office spaces in conditions environmental problems of cities
Authors: Maltseva I N , Kaganovich N N , Tkachuk K A
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the principles for the formation of a sustainable architecture of office spaces in the context of such a global environmental problem as a pandemic. Current trends and general principles of the formation of office spaces in the post-COVID period, the direct relationship between the health of employees, the office ecosystem and the concept of “typology of organizational cultures of the company” are analysed. The main attention is paid to the architectural aspects of organizational models of office objects. The principles and techniques for creating a healthy efficient workspace, which a sustainable office complex should have, are formulated. The reconceptualization of the organization of office activities and methods of adapting traditional office spaces in a pandemic with the prospect of their development in the post-COVID period are considered. The most “viable” types of office spaces and models of workplace organization are singled out in these conditions. It is based on the opinions of business experts related to the further development of office activities, possible changes in internal strategies in the organizational culture of companies. Optimal architectural solutions for the organization of safe and demanded office spaces are proposed.
The use of soil-biological methods in monitoring the soils of sand pits in the Northern taiga
Authors: Yakutin M V , Andrievskyii V S
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the problem of the applicability of soil-zoological and soil-microbiological methods in monitoring young ecosystems formed in the subzone of the northern taiga of Western Siberia. It is shown that different components of the destructive link of the biological cycle are characterized by different recovery rates after the complete destruction of the taiga ecosystem. During the development of young soils in the northern taiga subzone, there is a gradual increase in the content of C-biomass, and during the first 22 years of soil formation, the content of C-biomass increases 12-fold. The restoration of communities of oribatid mites after their disturbances during the formation of quarries, in the initial period (up to 5 years after the disturbance) is relatively slow. After 22 years since the violation, the process of restorative succession is noticeably accelerated. The results of the study show that indexes of microbial biomass, abundance and species richness of oribatids in soils can be successfully used in the practice of ecological monitoring of young ecosystems forming in the taiga zone.
The concept of best available techniques as an instrument for increasing industrial resource efficiency and reducing environmental impact in the Arctic
Authors: Shchelchkov K , Guseva T , Tikhonova I , Potapova E , Rudomazin V
Published: July 2022

This paper develops an approach established on the concept of Best Available Techniques (BAT), which is used to promote industrial resource efficiency while reducing negative environmental impact. Authors focus their attention on the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation. They analyse the current situation on the BAT implementation in the Arctic and consider requirements of relevant legislative acts and standards, sectoral structure of the Arctic industries, and specific environmental issues of the region. Authors consider challenges and opportunities for enhancing the overall understanding of the BAT concept via capacity building of industrialists, civil servants, researchers, university teachers and students. Additionally, the paper describes an Arctic “green” case study analysing results achieved by a Russian mining industry by the means of BAT implementation. Authors suggest using “green” case study-oriented training programmes to provide for the multidisciplinary approach and to make university courses and professional qualification courses more interactive and effective.
Reassessing the past environmental damages within abandoned natural resource deposits
Authors: Pochechun V A , Konovalov V E , Semyachkov A I
Published: July 2022

During the development of natural resource deposits, significant industrial impacts result in technogenesis, i.e. the formation of technogenic terrains and habitats, as well as land transformation. These result from the adverse impacts of the mining industry on the environment and lead to the formation of disturbed, degraded, and polluted lands. The Ural Federal District features a prominent mining industry. The development of underground and open-cut mining facilities involves damages, including the economic, social, and environmental losses for the communities and the nature. Accounting for such damages is crucial today for the mining territories of the Urals. Assessing the economic damages incurred by the communities and the nature caused by mining companies helped determine the monetary costs of the damages associated with economic activities, develop relevant and efficient environmental protection activities, and prevent industrial hazards associated with the mining industry. To assess the economic damages associated with economic activities, we developed a number of official and conventional techniques based on the actual concentrations of pollutants and other elements in the environment (air, soil, water, and biological entities).
Using SAR-data and optical data to delineate burned territories in Kalmykia, Chernye Zemli reserve
Authors: Karpachevskiy A , Mikhailukova P , Sharapova A , Semenkov I , Koroleva T
Published: July 2022

The study of fires and their consequences using remote sensing methods in the optical range is widespread. There are many studies devoted to forest fires, a little less to fires in arid areas. At the same time, even in arid regions, weather conditions do not always allow us to get a correct representation of the fire spread in a sufficiently high spatial resolution (the first tens of meters). Our study is related to the territory of Chernye Zemli reserve located in Kalmykia, Russian Federation. In this study, we are conducting an experiment on the joint use of multitemporal synthesis of vertical polarization radar data and the burn index (dNBR2) according to Landsat-8 satellite data. The use of the image segmentation approach gave good results in identifying the boundaries of the burned territories from radar data, and the use of a training sample from optical data index image made it possible to classify the selected superpixels according to the classes of “burned” or “not burned”.
Effectiveness of using metallurgical production waste to treat acid waste water from mining enterprises
Authors: Samodolov A , Ulrikh D
Published: July 2022

Extraction of mineral resources, in particular the mining and milling of the copper-and-sulphide ore, is one of the bases for the technical development of the humanity, which provides the required resources for the industrial needs. Mining and smelting enterprises, processing the copper-and-sulphide ore, are a threat to ecology as they cause the pollution of the surface water bodies with technogenic acid waste water. To evaluate the possible waste water treatment, copper-smelting and blast-furnace slag have been chosen. In this article, we consider the composition of the materials under study and the results of research on their sorption capacity at various temperatures in static conditions. The research results prove that the waste water treatment effectiveness with the use of the above mentioned materials varies from 66% to 90%. A recommendation is given to use slag as part of composite sorbents.
Investigation of the earth surface contamination from unauthorized waste disposal facilities using remote sensing technologies
Authors: Iordanova A V , Kirilchuk I O , Podkolzin P L , Gladilin D E
Published: July 2022

Within the framework of this study, some specific features of monitoring the earth surface pollution from unauthorized waste disposal facilities are considered. Some methods of remote sensing of the earth surface designed to obtain information about the sources of its pollution are analyzed. A system of infrared remote detection of unauthorized waste disposal facilities is proposed. The system consists of a set of optical lenses, an infrared lens, a scanning device, a photodetector, an amplifier, a preamplifier, an incoming signal processing unit, a GPS signal receiver and a device for processing and outputting the received information. The system is installed in small mobile aircrafts, which makes it possible to study the contamination of the earth surface from unauthorized waste disposal facilities in suburban areas. Thus, the purpose of this study is to increase the effectiveness of monitoring the contamination of the earth surface from unauthorized waste disposal facilities outside the city limits by means of the developed system.
Forecasting and controlling the quality of water in a yachting harbour
Authors: Kantarzhi I G , Kuprin A V
Published: July 2022

The paper uses mathematical modelling and experiments to study the quality of water in semi-enclosed areas. The new approaches used focus on estimating the limitations of the low dimension water quality models. The paper presents a method based on the numerical modeling of the processes used to forecast and protect the sea water quality during the design of coastal constructions, i.e. ports, recreation, and shore protection. The enclosed coastal water areas are subject to intensive pollution while their water exchange with the main basin is limited. Maintaining the quality of water in the yachting ports is a very urgent issue because the water quality is both an environmental and a consumer property of the marinas. The authors studied a simulation of an emergency marine spill and its further dynamics for the the “Grand-Marina Sochi” yachting port, which is to be located at seaport Sochi, Russian Black Sea coast.
Purification of water environments from heavy metals ions pollution
Authors: Atamanova O , Tikhomirova E I , Podoksenov A A , Glubokaya A S , Simonova Z A
Published: July 2022

Modern methods for extracting heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater are quite diverse. The purpose of the study was to develop and justify new technologies for purification of aqueous media, including adsorption purification, from heavy metal ions (by the example of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions). Laboratory studies have established that the degree of adsorption extraction of Ni2+ ions by the sorption material from bentonite modified with carbon nanotubes and fired at a temperature of 550 °C increases by 13-14 % due to its activation with 18 % HCl solution and 38 % CaCl2 solution, and the degree of adsorption extraction of Cd2+ ions with this activation of the sorbent, it increases by 16-17 %. A technological scheme of a water purification station is proposed, which includes highly efficient adsorption filters with sorption material from bentonite of the specified modification and acid-salt activation.
Intensification of the wastewater treatment process using magnesium-containing materials
Authors: Shadrunova I V , Orekhova N N , Stefunko M S
Published: July 2022

An analysis was made of the use of magnesium-containing materials of natural and technogenic origin in complex systems for the purification of wastewater from mining enterprises from heavy metals. The transfer mechanisms of dissolved heavy metals into the precipitate and onto the surface of the sorbent have been theoretically studied. Magnesium-containing minerals in water partially undergo hydration, forming an association of complex molecules. The main purification mechanism is the formation of sparingly soluble metal hydroxides. The mechanisms of adsorption, co-precipitation, co-crystallization of impurities with products of hydration and hydrolysis of magnesium-containing minerals also work. Exploratory studies of the intensification of the wastewater treatment process using magnesium-containing materials have been carried out, which have shown that the residual concentration of almost all metals, with the exception of nickel and chromium, when using brucite at the same pH level is lower. The highest water purification efficiency is observed for zinc and lead ions. The addition of dolomite to brucite in an amount of less than 10% makes it possible to reduce the residual concentration of cadmium in water at 20-60 minutes of contact and other equal experimental conditions.
Activated carbon based on rice husks of Myanmar enterprises as a remover of organic solvent vapors from the air
Authors: Myint Saw Win , Naing Zaw Ye , Nistratov A V , Klushin V N
Published: July 2022

Most of Myanmar’s plant wastes are not used efficiently enough. The data of scientific and technical information indicate that on the basis wastes of the same type and similar in nature, it is possible to obtain quite expensive products in the form of carbon adsorbents of a sufficiently high quality, focused mainly on solving the problems of treating industrial effluents and emissions. This article describes the technology for obtaining granular active carbon from rice husks - one of the large-scale waste products of the country’s enterprises engaged in the collapse of rice grains - the most common type of food-oriented agricultural products, and evaluates the obtained adsorbent as a means of extracting vapors of volatile organic solvents from air flows using the example n-butanol.
Environmental control of the technical condition of electromagnetic nozzles of internal combustion engines
Authors: Gritsenko A V , Shepelev V D , Grakov F N , Lukomsky K I , Tsybunov E
Published: July 2022

Harmful motor vehicle emissions are often the primary source of urban air pollution worldwide. Incorrectly serviced high-mileage motor vehicles emit significantly more harmful substances into the atmosphere than established by accepted standards. This paper presents an algorithm for the process of diagnostics and analysis of the technical condition of the fuel supply system elements for internal combustion engines (ICE) by means of selective sampling of exhaust gases. A gas analyzer system allows for the simultaneous monitoring of the 4 components of exhaust gases: CO, CH, O2 and CO2, assessment of the air-fuel ratio and internal combustion engine crankshaft rotation speed. Studies were carried out on an engine and a series of malfunctions were created artificially, by means of installing faulty elements and additional elements simulating different degrees of wear on the ICE systems. The study resulted in the development of a method and a hardware and software system. These allow for the test regimes to be established, in order to determine the failure of ICE systems which affect the composition of the exhaust gas.
Technical possibilities of ash and sulphur oxides emission reduction at Russian coal-fired thermal power plants
Authors: Roslyakov P V , Kondratieva O E
Published: July 2022

The issues of the introduction of the best available technologies (BAT) at Russian coal-fired thermal power plants in accordance with the recommendations of the current information and technical handbook ITS 38-2017 are considered. It is shown that the technological indicators of ITS 38-2017 on emissions of solid fuel ash and sulphur dioxide do not solve the problem of reducing the negative impact on the environment. The analysis of the properties of burnt coals and available technologies for sulphur dioxides and ash cleaning of flue gases was carried out in order to determine new technological indicators for emissions of solid fuel ash and sulphur dioxide and the best available technologies for updating ITS 38-2017. The analysis of existing technologies for ash cleaning and desulphurization of gases was carried out and recommendations were given for areas of their effective application to meet different quantitative levels of technological indicators of emissions. New technological emission indicators for updating ITS 38 are proposed and justified. Recommendations are given to expand the list of the best available technologies recommended for implementation at Russian thermal power plants.