bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive outcomes in Malawian children exposed to malaria during pregnancy: An observational birth cohort study
Authors: Weckman Andrea M. , Conroy Andrea L. , Madanitsa Mwayiwawo , Gnaneswaran Bruno , McDonald Chloe R. , Kalilani-Phiri Linda , Chandna Jaya , Ali Doreen , Mwapasa Victor , Khairallah Carole , Thwai Kyaw Lay , Meshnick Steven R. , Taylor Steve M. , ter Kuile Feiko O. , Kain Kevin C. , Gladstone Melissa
Published: September 2021

Background

Annually 125 million pregnancies are at risk of malaria infection. However, the impact of exposure to malaria in pregnancy on neurodevelopment in children is not well understood. We hypothesized that malaria in pregnancy and associated maternal immune activation result in neurodevelopmental delay in exposed offspring.

Methods and findings

Between April 2014 and April 2015, we followed 421 Malawian mother–baby dyads (median [IQR] maternal age: 21 [19, 28] years) who were previously enrolled (median [IQR] gestational age at enrollment: 19.7 [17.9, 22.1] weeks) in a randomized controlled malaria prevention trial with 5 or 6 scheduled assessments of antenatal malaria infection by PCR. Children were evaluated at 12, 18, and/or 24 months of age with cognitive tests previously validated in Malawi: the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT) and the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MCAB-CDI). We assessed the impact of antenatal malaria (n [%] positive: 240 [57.3]), placental malaria (n [%] positive: 112 [29.6]), and maternal immune activation on neurocognitive development in children. Linear mixed-effects analysis showed that children exposed to antenatal malaria between 33 and 37 weeks gestation had delayed language development across the 2-year follow-up, as measured by MCAB-CDI (adjusted beta estimate [95% CI], −7.53 [−13.04, −2.02], p = 0.008). Maternal immune activation, characterized by increased maternal sTNFRII concentration, between 33 and 37 weeks was associated with lower MCAB-CDI language score (adjusted beta estimate [95% CI], −8.57 [−13.09, −4.06], p < 0.001). Main limitations of this study include a relatively short length of follow-up and a potential for residual confounding that is characteristic of observational studies.

Conclusions

This mother–baby cohort presents evidence of a relationship between malaria in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay in offspring. Malaria in pregnancy may be a modifiable risk factor for neurodevelopmental injury independent of birth weight or prematurity. Successful interventions to prevent malaria during pregnancy may reduce the risk of neurocognitive delay in children.
Gram-negative neonatal sepsis in low- and lower-middle-income countries and WHO empirical antibiotic recommendations: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Sophie C. H. , Ezure Yukiko , Rolley Lauren , Spurling Geoff , Lau Colleen L. , Riaz Saba , Paterson David L. , Irwin Adam D.
Published: September 2021

Background

Neonatal sepsis is a significant global health issue associated with marked regional disparities in mortality. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern in Gram-negative organisms, which increasingly predominate in neonatal sepsis, and existing WHO empirical antibiotic recommendations may no longer be appropriate. Previous systematic reviews have been limited to specific low- and middle-income countries. We therefore completed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available data from all low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) since 2010, with a focus on regional differences in Gram-negative infections and AMR.

Methods and findings

All studies published from 1 January 2010 to 21 April 2021 about microbiologically confirmed bloodstream infections or meningitis in neonates and AMR in LLMICs were assessed for eligibility. Small case series, studies with a small number of Gram-negative isolates (<10), and studies with a majority of isolates prior to 2010 were excluded. Main outcomes were pooled proportions of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and AMR. We included 88 studies (4 cohort studies, 3 randomised controlled studies, and 81 cross-sectional studies) comprising 10,458 Gram-negative isolates from 19 LLMICs. No studies were identified outside of Africa and Asia. The estimated pooled proportion of neonatal sepsis caused by Gram-negative organisms was 60% (95% CI 55% to 65%). Klebsiella spp. was the most common, with a pooled proportion of 38% of Gram-negative sepsis (95% CI 33% to 43%). Regional differences were observed, with higher proportions of Acinetobacter spp. in Asia and Klebsiella spp. in Africa. Resistance to aminoglycosides and third-generation cephalosporins ranged from 42% to 69% and from 59% to 84%, respectively. Study limitations include significant heterogeneity among included studies, exclusion of upper-middle-income countries, and potential sampling bias, with the majority of studies from tertiary hospital settings, which may overestimate the burden caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusions

Gram-negative bacteria are an important cause of neonatal sepsis in LLMICs and are associated with significant rates of resistance to WHO-recommended first- and second-line empirical antibiotics. AMR surveillance should underpin region-specific empirical treatment recommendations. Meanwhile, a significant global commitment to accessible and effective antimicrobials for neonates is required.
Urinary genome detection and tracking of Hantaan virus from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients using multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing
Authors: Cho Seungchan , Kim Won-Keun , No Jin Sun , Lee Seung-Ho , Jung Jaehun , Yi Yongjin , Park Hayne Cho , Lee Geum-Young , Park Kyungmin , Kim Jeong-Ah , Kim Jongwoo , Lee Jingyeong , Lee Daesang , Song Dong Hyun , Gu Se Hun , Jeong Seong Tae , Song Jin-Won
Published: September 2021

Background

Hantavirus infection occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized excreta, including urine, feces, and saliva of infected rodents. The presence of Hantaan virus (HTNV) RNA or infectious particles in urine specimens of patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) remains to be investigated.

Methodology/Principal findings

We collected four urine and serum specimens of Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) patients with HFRS. We performed multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) to obtain the genome sequences of clinical HTNV in urine specimens containing ultra-low amounts of viral genomes. The epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses of HTNV demonstrated geographically homogenous clustering with those in Apodemus agrarius captured in highly endemic areas, indicating that phylogeographic tracing of HTNV genomes reveals the potential infection sites of patients with HFRS. Genetic exchange analyses showed a genetic configuration compatible with HTNV L segment exchange in nature.

Conclusion/Significance

Our results suggest that whole or partial genome sequences of HTNV from the urine enabled to track the putative infection sites of patients with HFRS by phylogeographically linking to the zoonotic HTNV from the reservoir host captured at endemic regions. This report raises awareness among physicians for the presence of HTNV in the urine of patients with HFRS.
Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine despite limited perceived efficacy in patients with rheumatic diseases in Mexico: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Caballero-Hernández Claudia Isabel , González-Chávez Susana Aideé , Urenda-Quezada Adelfia , Reyes-Cordero Greta Cristina , Peláez-Ballestas Ingris , Álvarez-Hernández Everardo , Pacheco-Tena César
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used by patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) to improve their symptoms; however, its diversity and availability have increased notably while scientific support for its effectiveness and adverse effects is still scarce.

Objective

To describe the prevalence and diversity of CAM in patients with RD in Chihuahua, Mexico.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 patients with RD who were interviewed about the use of CAM to treat their disease. The interview included sociodemographic aspects, characteristics of the disease, as well as a description of CAM use, including type, frequency of use, perception of the benefit, communication with the rheumatologist, among others.

Results

The prevalence of CAM use was reported by 59.2% of patients, which informed a total of 155 different therapies. The herbal CAM group was the most used (31.4%) and included more than 50 different therapies. The use of menthol-based and arnica ointments was highly prevalent (35%). Most patients (62.3%) reported very little or no improvement in their symptoms. Only a fourth of the patients informed the rheumatologist of the use of CAM. The use of CAM was influenced by female sex, university degree, diagnosis delay, lack adherence to the rheumatologist’s treatment, family history of RD, and orthopedic devices.

Conclusion

The use of CAM in our population is highly prevalent and similar to reports in different populations suggesting a widespread use in many different societies. We found high use of herbal remedies; however, there were many different types suggesting a lack of significant effect. Patients continue using CAM despite a perception of no-effectiveness. Recurrent use of CAM is explained by factors other than its efficacy.
Time-trend in excess weight in Brazilian adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kodaira Katia , Abe Flavia Casale , Galvão Tais Freire , Silva Marcus Tolentino
Published: September 2021

Background

This review aimed to estimate the time-trend prevalence of excess weight, overweight and obesity in the Brazilian adult population, from the 1970s–2020, through systematic review and meta-analysis (Protocol: CRD42018091002).

Methods

A search for articles was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and LILACS up to June 2021. Studies that assessed excess weight, overweight and obesity in the adult population were eligible. Two authors selected studies, collected data and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of excess weight, overweight, and obesity by sex and period of years. Pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the meta-analysis of the random effects model. Heterogeneity (I2) was investigated by meta-regression and publication bias was investigated by Egger’s test.

Results

A total of 7,938 references were identified in the search strategies, of which eighty-nine studies and nine national surveys, conducted from 1974–2020, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of excess weight in Brazilian adults increased from 33.5% (95% CI: 25.0; 42.6%) in 1974–1990 to 52.5% (95% CI: 47.6; 57.3%) in 2011–2020. The pooled prevalence of overweight in Brazilian adults was 24.6% (95% CI: 18.8; 31.0%) from 1974–1990 and 40.5% (95% CI: 37.0; 43.9%) from 2011–2020. The pooled prevalence of obesity in Brazilian adults increased by 15.0% from 1974–1990 to 2011–2020. The increases were observed for both men and women in almost all periods. The prevalence of excess weight and obesity remained higher among women in all periods.

Conclusions

A continuous increase in the prevalence of excess weight, overweight and obesity were observed over the years. The prevalence of excess weight affected half of Brazilian adults in the period from 2011–2020 and both sexes.
An integrated model for interdisciplinary graduate education: Computation and mathematics for biological networks
Authors: McKee Kelsey E. , Serrano Daniel , Girvan Michelle , Marbach-Ad Gili
Published: September 2021

The current challenges at the forefront of data-enabled science and engineering require interdisciplinary solutions. Yet most traditional doctoral programs are not structured to support successful interdisciplinary research. Here we describe the design of and students’ experiences in the COMBINE (Computation and Mathematics for Biological Networks) interdisciplinary graduate program at the University of Maryland. COMBINE focuses on the development and application of network science methods to biological systems for students from three primary domains: life sciences, computational/engineering sciences, and mathematical/physical sciences. The program integrates three established models (T-shaped, pi-shaped and shield-shaped) for interdisciplinary training. The program components largely fall into three categories: (1) core coursework that provides content expertise, communication, and technical skills, (2) discipline-bridging elective courses in the two COMBINE domains that complement the student’s home domain, (3) broadening activities such as workshops, symposiums, and formal peer-mentoring groups. Beyond these components, the program builds community through both formal and informal networking and social events. In addition to the interactions with other program participants, students engage with faculty in several ways beyond the conventional adviser framework, such as the requirement to select a second out-of-field advisor, listening to guest speakers, and networking with faculty through workshops. We collected data through post-program surveys, interviews and focus groups with students, alumni and faculty advisors. Overall, COMBINE students and alumni reported feeling that the program components supported their growth in the three program objectives of Network Science & Interdisciplinarity, Communication, and Career Preparation, but also recommended ways to improve the program. The value of the program can be seen not only through the student reports, but also through the students’ research products in network science which include multiple publications and presentations. We believe that COMBINE offers an effective model for integrated interdisciplinary training that can be readily applied in other fields.
Establishing a protocol for the compatibilities of closed-system transfer devices with multiple chemotherapy drugs under simulated clinical conditions
Authors: Chiang Shao-Chin , Shen Mandy , Lin Chen-Chia , Chang Hui-Ping
Published: September 2021

Closed-system drug transfer devices (CSTDs) are used to prevent occupational exposure to hazardous drugs in health care providers. They are considered Class II medical devices by the US FDA and are cleared but not approved before marketing. While compatibility tests are conducted by CSTD manufacturers, the procuring institution needs to consider performing its own studies before buying these devices. Herein we tested the compatibility of the components of the Needleless® DualGuard CSTD system (vial access clips, vial access spikes, and administration adaptors) with 10 antineoplastic drugs, under simulated clinical conditions, including compounding and administration, and examined drug potency maintenance, plasticizer migration, and device functionality. All drugs maintained potency within 5%. Diisononyl phthalate leakage was observed from the administration adaptors for paclitaxel and concentrated etoposide solution. In addition, white particles were discovered in CSTDs storing busulfan solution and small cracks were observed on devices which stored melphalan. Thus, it was concluded that even in simulated clinical conditions, instead of extreme conditions, there are still concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of CSTD components. The methodology may be used to implement and detect possible interactions between antineoplastic agents and CSTD components before procurement.
Modulation of heterologous protein secretion in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea thermomethanolica TBRC 656 by CRISPR-Cas9 system
Authors: Kruasuwan Worarat , Puseenam Aekkachai , Phithakrotchanakoon Chitwadee , Tanapongpipat Sutipa , Roongsawang Niran
Published: September 2021

The thermotolerant methylotrophic yeastOgataea thermomethanolicaTBRC 656 is a potential host strain for industrial protein production. Heterologous proteins are often retained intracellularly in yeast resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and poor secretion, and despite efforts to engineer protein secretory pathways, heterologous protein production is often lower than expected. We hypothesized that activation of genes involved in the secretory pathway could mitigate ER stress. In this study, we created mutants defective in protein secretory-related functions using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) tools. Secretion of the model protein xylanase was significantly decreased in loss of function mutants for oxidative stress (sod1Δ) and vacuolar and protein sorting (vps1Δ andypt7Δ) genes. However, xylanase secretion was unaffected in an autophagy relatedatg12Δ mutant. Then, we developed a system for sequence-specific activation of target gene expression (CRISPRa) inO.thermomethanolicaand used it to activateSOD1,VPS1andYPT7genes. Production of both non-glycosylated xylanase and glycosylated phytase was enhanced in the gene activated mutants, demonstrating that CRISPR-Cas9 systems can be used as tools for understandingO.thermomethanolicagenes involved in protein secretion, which could be applied for increasing heterologous protein secretion in this yeast.
Innovation and tradition in metal music production
Authors: Thomas Niall
Published: September 2021

Contemporary music technology affords limitless potential and has changed the way record producers need to work with metal music, often employing a far more fragmented approach. This article explores technology’s influence on producing metal records through the lived experiences of seven renowned metal music producers, and it is argued that what can be perceived as traditional production processes are production processes that favour capturing performances, embracing the potential of technology. In contrast, the construction of recorded performances through anticipated uses of technology often embodies innovative production methodologies. There are tensions caused by the anticipated use of technology and the participants highlight that commercial and artistic pressures have informed prescriptive and homogenous production methodologies under the guise of innovation.
Evaluación de resultados personales relacionados con derechos en jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual y Tea
Authors: Morales Fernández Laura , Morán Suárez Lucía , Gómez Sánchez Laura E.
Published: September 2021

Aun teniendo gran relevancia el concepto de calidad de vida en el ámbito de la discapacidad intelectual (DI), existe escasa investigación acerca de su aplicación en jóvenes con trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA), especialmente acerca de la dimensión derechos, área que ha cobrado especial importancia en los últimos años con la ratificación de la Convención de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de Naciones Unidas. Este estudio se centra en la evaluación de derechos en jóvenes con TEA y DI, comparando sus resultados con dos grupos de jóvenes que presentan DI y otra condición comórbida: síndrome de Down y parálisis cerebral. Para ello, se utilizó la subescala derechos de la versión piloto de la Escala KidsLife en una muestra de 153 participantes con DI entre 4 y 21 años (TEA = 51; síndrome de Down = 51; parálisis cerebral = 51). En el grupo con TEA, el género, el tipo de escolarización, el nivel de DI y de necesidades de apoyo dieron lugar a diferencias significativas. Los tres grupos obtuvieron resultados positivos, aunque los jóvenes con síndrome de Down obtienen resultados significativamente superiores a los obtenidos por jóvenes con TEA.
Retos de los centros educativos transfronterizos de Portugal y Espan?a a favor de las “Competencias para el siglo XXI”
Authors: Milheiro Silva Ana , García-Docampo Laura , Marques Silva Sofia , Lorenzo Moledo María Mar
Published: September 2021

En el ámbito del Marco Estratégico de Educación y Formación 2020, la recomendación de Competencias para el siglo XXI define competencias clave que los centros educativos de los estados miembros de la Unión Europea deben desarrollar con niños y jóvenes. Este artículo explora el trabajo de los centros públicos de educación secundaria ubicados en los territorios fronterizos del norte de Portugal-Galicia (España) en torno a dichas competencias.

Las regiones fronterizas Portugal-España presentan ciertas desigualdades sociales, económicas, culturales y educativas, pero también la posibilidad de dinámicas locales prometedoras y de cooperación transfronteriza. A su vez, los centros educativos se encuentran, en estos territorios, con menos oportunidades ante el reto de dar respuesta a las Competencias para el siglo XXI, entendiendo estas como el conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y valores que permite al alumnado construir su lugar como sujeto en una sociedad en continuo cambio.

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender cómo estos centros organizan su acción educativa para el desarrollo de estas competencias, analizando sus documentos escolares. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo con análisis de contenido temático de veintidós documentos oficiales (once portugueses y once españoles) mediante un proceso cuidadoso de lectura flotante, codificación, categorización e interpretación.

Los resultados indican que los centros analizados recogen estas competencias en sus documentos, sin embargo, también se verifica que no son una prioridad y no presentan muchas estrategias para su desarrollo. Entre las categorías de competencias analizadas, se destaca que las habilidades para la vida son las más presentes en los proyectos educativos de los centros portugueses y españoles, coincidiendo con las que tienen mayor presencia en los documentos que a nivel nacional orientan los sistemas educativos. Este estudio propone una articulación entre las recomendaciones educativas globales, europeas, nacionales y locales, teniendo en cuenta las especificidades de las escuelas fronterizas.
La educación en el corazón de las humanidades
Authors: Higgins Chris
Published: September 2021

Tal y como están las facultades de educación organizadas actualmente, los filósofos de la educación tienen una existencia marginal y furtiva. A medida que la educación se entiende cada vez más como una investigación científica social sobre "lo que funciona" en las escuelas, los filósofos parecen ser cada vez más inútiles. Incluso nuestro papel en la formación del profesorado, que una vez estuvo asegurado por la metáfora de los fundamentos, ahora es cuestionable. Los debates en la formación del profesorado están bastante animados: ¿los profesores necesitan más asignaturas o más experiencia clínica? Y si necesitan más asignaturas, ¿necesitan más clases de didáctica o más conocimiento sobre la asignatura que enseñan? Nos damos cuenta así de que el tipo de experiencia que los filósofos de la educación pueden ofrecer a los profesores ni siquiera está en el marco de interés. ¿Cuál es la experiencia que los filósofos de la educación podemos ofrecer? En una palabra, es un aprendizaje liberal acerca de y para la educación. Si la educación es un espacio de preguntas humanísticas, la filosofía un amor por estas preguntas en su apertura y la filosofía educativa el oficio de mantener vivos los textos y la conversación que nos ayudan a reabrir tales preguntas, entonces la formación filosófica del profesorado es una invitación a los profesores a que sean intelectuales humanos de su campo. Es una invitación a unirse a una conversación de interés milenario. Según la concepción que he desarrollado, la Filosofía de la Educación está lejos de ser marginal. Nos ayuda a recordar cómo cada programa educativo sobre “lo que funciona” plantea preguntas clave. Y, además, recuerda a la universidad que, parafraseando el famoso ensayo de Sartre, la educación es un humanismo. Cuando la educación y las humanidades se vuelven a conectar su lugar en el centro de la universidad queda claro.
Identidad narrativa en la relación educativa: promesa, solicitud y don
Authors: Moreno Aponte Rodrigo , Vila Merino Eduardo S.
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se propone la posibilidad de relacionar la propuesta filosófica de Paul Ricoeur sobre el sí mismo con la experiencia ética de la educación. Se parte de la propuesta de la identidad narrativa que se construye en medio de una trama en la que el sujeto cambia a medida que ésta se desarrolla (identidad ipse), a diferencia de una identidad fija e inmutable (identidad ídem). La educación en este plano narrativo se presenta como un espacio de conversación donde la experiencia del educador y educando cobra relevancia. A partir de esto, el texto se dirige a los conceptos de solicitud, promesa y don que tienen como eje el reconocimiento y la mutualidad entre el sí mismo y el otro. La relación ética de la solicitud no espera el reconocimiento del otro al sí mismo. El movimiento que se plantea del sí mismo hacia el otro lleva implícita una mutualidad que significa un dar sin esperar el retorno de una respuesta. La síntesis de estos conceptos lleva a plantear la posibilidad de una pedagogía de la ipseidad. Aquí, la relación entre educador y educando se cohesiona en el reconocimiento mutuo a partir del desarrollo de su identidad narrativa. La relación educativa acontece en medio de la solicitud que el sí mismo hace del otro. La educación vista desde la solicitud en la construcción de la identidad ipse permite ver la experiencia de la escuela como algo inacabado y en cambio constante. La mutualidad en la escuela propicia el intercambio de dones. De esta manera, una perspectiva narrativa mediada por el reconocimiento mutuo es un lugar propicio para el acontecimiento ético de la alteridad en la acción educativa.
El futuro de la Pedagogía
Authors: Meirieu Philippe
Published: September 2021

Este texto plantea diversos retos para la elaboración de una Pedagogía adaptada el futuro. Por un lado, cuestiona críticamente que los principios de la Escuela Nueva estén siendo recogidos y aplicados a través de escuelas alternativas, de carácter privado, dejando para la escuela pública la rutina pedagógica y el inmovilismo metodológico. El autor hace referencia a lo que denomina los antipedagogos que están a favor de los métodos tradicionales impositivos y, por otro, los hiperpedagogos que son partidarios de una educación por la libertad y para la libertad. El texto plantea la necesidad de volver a un sentido profundo de la Pedagogía, a un equilibrio entre la educabilidad y la libertad. Si consideramos la Pedagogía como un saber para la creación de situaciones educativas ya no estamos en una oposición de confrontación entre autoridad y libertad, entre la limitación y el capricho. Estamos en el punto de investigar las limitaciones que favorecen la libertad, las limitaciones fecundas. El texto plantea también la necesidad de que la Pedagogía se aleje de los planteamientos inmovilistas y unilaterales del cientificismo que olvida la diferencia entre la verdad de los conocimientos y la verdad de las acciones humanas. Las acciones humanas están sujetas a una orientación de valor que provienen de los fines, no sólo de la ciencia. Una Pedagogía exclusivamente centrada en la tecnología o en el desarrollo futuro de las neurociencias contribuye decisivamente a la amnesia pedagógica, a que los educadores abandonen la necesidad de formarse en la historia de la educación y en la valoración ética de los fines de la formación humana y de la convivencia social democrática. Por eso el texto propone que la Pedagogía del futuro debe buscar la elaboración de espacios educativos de resistencia, espacios de desaceleración, centrados en el desarrollo de la atención del alumnado, en el placer por aprender y en practicar la solidaridad y la construcción de lo común.
Memórias alagadas
Authors: Machado Laylson Mota , Sieben Airton , Medeiros de Almeida Rejane Cleide
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho é resultado da pesquisa de mestrado, aborda os conflitos enfrentados pela comunidade ribeirinha do Acampamento Coragem em relação à Usina Hidrelétrica de Estreito (MA). O objetivo é apresentar os resultados da sistematização da experiência do mapeamento social realizado na comunidade. Enquanto metodologia adotou-se a observação participante e entrevistas de histórias de vida com os/as moradores/as do acampamento, a fim de apresentar as narrativas de resistências e as estratégias de enfrentamentos adotadas pela comunidade em relação aos impactos provocados pelos empreendedores da barragem, no caso o Consórcio Estreito Energia (CESTE). Desde a sua instalação a usina continua a impactar a vida das comunidades tradicionais. O Acampamento Coragem surge em 2015, em que pescadores/as e ribeirinhos/as ocupam a terra de posse do CESTE, empreendedor da usina, como forma de reivindicar os direitos violados com a construção da barragem. Como resultados da pesquisa apontou-se que, mesmo após oito anos da construção da UHE de Estreito, a usina continua a impactar as comunidades ribeirinhas e seus modos de vida, assim como, suas práticas profissionais, sofrendo compulsoriamente após a construção da barragem.
The Effectiveness of Peace Education Program on the Preschoolers’ Social Behaviour in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Rashid Al Mushaqiri Mahfouda , Bin Ishak Zahari , Muin Ismail Wail
Published: September 2021

Purpose – This research aims to measure the effects of the peace education program on the social and emotional behaviours of preschool children in the Sultanate of Oman. Children should be equipped with basic values, such as respecting the efforts and ideas of others, forming a comprehensive and positive relationship with people, possessing the skills of empathy, and resolving conflicts in peaceful ways.Design/methods/approach – The researcher adopted the quasi-experimental approach, and the current study presented the Peace Education Program (PEP) for children aged 4–6 years in the Sultanate of Oman. The participants consisted of 40 children in the experimental group and 40 children in the control group. The researcher used a scale with picture choice questions containing two pictures per question to measure the behaviours of children before and after the treatments. The peace education program for the study also included 28 training sessions that were presented for 15 weeks at a duration of one hour per session.Findings – The current study results also favoured the experimental group, as an improvement in their social behaviour was observed after joining the program.Research implications/limitations – The research demonstrates that peace is a key prerequisite for developing a balanced life, especially in childhood.  The results may be of great significance in measuring and improving children's behaviour through (PEP).Practical implications – The study findings may likely be fruitful to Oman's pupils, educators, curriculum designers, and educational policy-makers.Originality/value – This study has been successful in focusing on some aspects of growth and behaviour enhancement in children.

Paper type Research paper
Evaluation of the Application of Distance Learning Programs in Madrasah Aliyah Malang Regency
Authors: Kadir Abdul , Umiarso Umiarso
Published: September 2021

Distance learning during the pandemic is a new strategy in the world of education. The purpose of this research is to measure and assess the success rate of distance learning implementation at Madarasah Aliyah in Malang district. This type of research is an evaluation research. The subjects of this study amounted to 10 people consisting of teachers and school principals from three Aliyah madrasas in the Malang area. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Methods of data collection using interviews and observation. The data analysis technique uses the CIPP model with stages, namely preparation, implementation, completion and reporting. This study concludes the results in the form of four important points. First, not all schools can carry out the distance learning process optimally. Second, teachers do not have uniform competence and can determine suitable learning strategies. Third, the evaluation of distance learning outcomes has not been able to fully describe students' abilities. Fourth, the obstacles faced in the form of teacher readiness and student learning motivation. This study still has many limitations, both in terms of research procedures, themes raised or the type of research taken. Subsequent research conducted will enrich similar research themes.
Short-term temperature variability in a tropical Andean city Manizales, Colombia
Authors: Zambrano Nájera Jeannette , Delgado Victor , Vélez Upegui Jorge Julian
Published: September 2021

The climatic variability in the Tropical Andes area is high, both spatially and temporally, and its analysis must be carried out both in the short and long term depending on the available information. This type of spatial-temporal analysis provides tools for planning and environmental management in urban areas, given its high complexity. This investigation focuses on a diagnosis of the diurnal cycle and the analysis of the monthly temperature structure in 13 stations located in the city of Manizales, Caldas (Colombia). This applied research aims to understand the behavior of the temperature in a tropical Andes city in Colombia, where the spatial-temporal complexity of this variable improve the urban and hydrological planning strategies. Results correspond to what has been previously defined by other authors for the Andean zone: city temperature shows very stable patrons, yet important variations in temperature range across the city are appreciated during the day.
Assessment of Gingiv Assessment of Gingival Status and Gingiv al Status and Gingival Overgrowth among owth among Immunosuppressed Patients in Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital
Authors:   School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia 2School of Medical, Majdiah Wan Mohamad Wan , Izzati Mat Zaid Syamimi ,   School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Taib Haslina ,   School of Dental Scie
Published: September 2021

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is defined as an abnormal growth of the gingiva due to adverse effect of some drugs such as immunosuppressant, calcium channel blocker, and anticonvulsant. Immunosuppressive drugs play an important role in controlling organ transplant rejection and were widely used to treat different diseases. Objective: Immunosuppressive drugs are used for prevention of transplant rejection and management of autoimmune disease. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (GO) is abnormal growth of gingiva due to adverse effect of these drugs. This study aimed to assess the gingival status, the prevalence of gingival overgrowth and its associated factors among immunosuppressed patients. Methods: A total of 33 patients had participated in this cross-sectional study. Patients’ data such as age, race, gender, type of medication, and dosage were retrieved from patients’ medical record. Clinical oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal parameters: oral hygiene index, bleeding index and clinical gingival overgrowth index. Data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: The prevalence of gingival overgrowth among immunosuppressed patients is 57.6% at 95% confidence interval (40%,75%). Clinical index of gingival overgrowth shows 45.5% in grade 1 and 15.2% in grade 2. Oral hygiene status is significantly associated with gingival overgrowth based on plaque score (p= 0.01) and bleeding index score (p=0.05). Conclusion: The presence of gingival overgrowth among immunosuppressed patients is quite evidenced which could be contributed by poor oral hygiene. Thus, taking care of oral hygiene should be reinforced in such patients to prevent this unwanted effect
Pengaruh Pemberian Brusein A dari Biji Buah Makasar (Brucea javanica L. Merr) terhadap Kematian Larva Culex quinquefasciatus Say
Authors: Wulandari Destyana Ayu , Hestiningsih Retno , Saraswati Lintang Dian , Rahayu Sri
Published: September 2021

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of brusein A from Macassar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) on the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.Methods: This research was an explanatory research using experimental method with post test only control group design. The sample was larvae Cx. quinquefaciatus Say. The distribution of the sample treatment and control groups was done randomly. Data analysis using Probit to determine the value of LC50, LC90, LT50, LT90. Further tests use ANOVA if the data are normally distributed and homogeneous, but if the data is not normally distributed or not homogeneous using Kruskal wallis.Result: The results showed that the highest percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae mortality after administration of various concentrations of brusein A compared with temefos was at a concentration of 27 ppm, which was 55.29 percent. The higher the concentration, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. The highest percentage of deaths after administration of various brusein A concentrations takes 24 hours, namely 91.13 percent. The longer time used, the higher the percentage of Culex quinquefasciatus Say deaths. LC50 was 18.833 ppm. LC90 was 68,852 ppm. The LT50 value was 437,639 minutes or 7 hours 18 minutes. The LT90 value was 1103.403 minutes or 18 hours 23 minutes. There was a difference in the average number of deaths in the brusein A concentration group (p=0.000).Conclusion: There was a difference in the average number of deaths of Culex quinquefasciatus Say larvae in the time group (p=0.000). So, there is the influence of the administration of brusein A isolated from Makasar fruit seeds (Brucea javanica (L) Merr) against the death of larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus Say.
Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian HIV/AIDS Berbasis Perilaku Manusia Di Kabupaten Madiun Tahun 2018
Authors: Kartini Puri Ratna
Published: September 2021

Background: HIV / AIDS is a behavior-based disease. The HIV epidemic is a serious problem and challenge to public health in the world both in developed and developing countries such as Indonesia. In Asia, the factors driving the HIV / AIDS epidemic are three high-risk behaviors, namely unprotected commercial sex, sharing syringes in drug users and sex between unprotected men. This study is an observational-analytic study that aims to analyze the influence of human behavior factors included in the practice of free sex, alcohol consumption practices, drug use practices, attitudes and practices of weak religious teachings against the incidence of HIV / AIDS in Madiun Regency.Methods: The research design used was case control, with a purposive sampling technique. Data was taken through interviews to respondents using questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression tests. This research was conducted in the working area of the Madiun District AIDS Eradication Commission (KPAD) for 6 months, starting from January to June 2018. The case group in this study were 20 HIV-AIDS sufferers selected and the control group was family / neighboring of the HIV / AIDS sufferers who does not suffer from HIV / AIDS as many as 20 people.Result: The results of this study show that the practice of injecting drug use (p> 0.005 which is 1,000) and alcoholic consumption practices (p> 0.005 which is 0.355) is not a risk factor for HIV / AIDS in Madiun Regency. Whereas the risky sex practices and weak religious teaching practices are the risk factors for HIV / AIDS in Madiun Regency which value of p is 0.017 and 0.021.Conclusion : Thus there is a need for counseling efforts about safe sex and to increase faith and piety in order to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV / AIDS in Madiun regency.
Design and modeling of multi-operation bit-manipulator logic circuit using lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Kumari Anu , Srivastava Vivek Kumar , Pal Amrindra , Sharma Sandeep
Published: September 2021

In this work, a high-performance multioperation bit-manipulator is presented. The presented electro-optical design can perform several bit-manipulations such as bidirectional bit-shifting, bit-rotation, multiply-by-2 and divide-by-2, and sequence designing operation. The technique relies on the electrooptic principle in lithium niobate. Lithium niobate-based waveguides have been used to design Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which is the fundamental optical switching element of the whole model. Extinction ratio, contrast ratio, and insertion loss values computed for the simulated results are 29.16 dB, 29.48 dB, and 0.77 dB, respectively.
Management of perinatal HPP during critical illness/ECMO
Authors: Krishnan Neetu , Dunbar Nancy
Published: September 2021

Objectives

With the advent of asfotase alfa, the enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) approved for hypophosphatasia (HPP), health care providers need to navigate management of ERT during critical illness.

Case presentation

We present the case of a young girl, treated with ERT for severe perinatal HPP, who had cardiorespiratory arrest in the setting of influenza A. Her life-saving treatment involving extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) required a two-week interruption of ERT leading to persistent hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. A three year old female presented with respiratory distress and blood tinged secretions. She was influenza A positive with bilateral opacities on chest X-ray (CXR). Worsening respiratory distress and bradycardic arrest required intubation, CPR and venoarterial ECMO cannulation. She remained on ECMO for 10 days with anticoagulation restrictions requiring her thrice-weekly subcutaneous ERT to be held. Hypercalcemia (12.3 mg/dL) and hyperphosphatemia (7.6 mg/dL) developed two weeks after restarting ERT and resolved six weeks later.

Conclusions

We highlight that the obligatory cessation of ERT while on ECMO led to the loss of functional TNSALP with a profound decrease in bone mineralization leading to excess circulating calcium and phosphorus. In cases where it is necessary to interrupt ERT, we advise close monitoring of calcium and phosphorous levels.
An interpersonal framework of international ecological discourse
Authors: Wei Ruby Rong
Published: September 2021

This paper explores an interpersonal framework for international ecological discourse analysis using systemic functional linguistics. It shows that the sub-categories of the functional interpersonal framework need to be extended in terms of delicacy along the ecological cline to construe the ecological features in the context under investigation. The extension can be achieved through an integration of the following ecological parameters into a functional framework: a system of international ecological factors, a system of international ecological environment, and the international ecosophy “多元和谐, 交互共生” (duoyuan hexie, jiaohu gongsheng, ‘diversity and harmony, interaction and co-existence’). This integration builds an “ecological” interpersonal framework for international ecological discourse analysis, which is composed of an “ecological” Mood system, an “ecological” Modality system, and an “ecological” Appraisal system. The construction of an ecological interpersonal framework is accompanied by specific case analysis.
Montgomery identity and Ostrowski-type inequalities via quantum calculus
Authors: Sitthiwirattham Thanin , Ali Muhammad Aamir , Budak Huseyin , Abbas Mujahid , Chasreechai Saowaluck
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we prove a quantum version of Montgomery identity and prove some new Ostrowski-type inequalities for convex functions in the setting of quantum calculus. Moreover, we discuss several special cases of newly established inequalities and obtain different new and existing inequalities in the field of integral inequalities.
Expression and function analysis of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Mengyan , Li Chao , Lu Pengfei , Wang Bo , Gao Yongmei , Liu Wengying , Shi Yan , Ma Yuqing
Published: September 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio on prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

The expression data of CRABP2 in esophageal cancer in TCGA and GEO were collected by the public database GEPIA. The expression levels of CRABP2 and FABP5 were examined using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the two proteins and related clinicopathological parameters were analyzed byχ2test. Survival analysis was used to investigate the effect of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio on prognosis.

Results

Compared with normal esophageal mucosal epithelium, there was lower CRABP2 gene mRNA in the esophageal cancer tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (p< 0.01). For the expression level, no significant difference was observed in patients with stages I–IV in esophageal cancer. Immunohistochemistry showed that CRABP2 and FABP5 were both highly expressed in normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells at 100 and 94.1%, while lower in ESCC (75.6 and 58.7%). There was a significant difference in the expression between cancer and adjacent tissues (p< 0.001). No inherent relationship was manifested between the CRABP2 expression and the clinical parameters of the ESCC. The expression of FABP5 was related to lymph node metastasis (p= 0.032), the depth of invasion (p= 0.041), and the AJCC stage (p= 0.013). The ratio of CRABP2 and FABP5 was related to ethnicity (p= 0.001), nerve invasion (p= 0.031), and postoperative treatment (p= 0.038). CRABP2 is positively associated with FABP5 (r= 0.156,p= 0.041) and the ratio (r= 0.334,p= 0.000), while there was a negative correlation between FABP5 and the ratio (r= −0.269,p= 0.000). Patients with CRABP2-positive expression had a significantly longer overall survival than patients with CRABP2-negative expression (p= 0.025).

Conclusion

CRABP2 as a suppressor factor is expected to be a potential prognosis marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
The crystal structure of bis(2-acetyl-5-methoxyphenyl)carbonate 1.5 hydrate, C19H18O7
Authors: Liu Juan , Chen Sai , Li Honglei
Published: September 2021

C19H18O7, orthorhombic, P21212 (no. 18), a = 12.467(3) Å, b = 39.168(8) Å, c = 7.6005(16) Å, V = 3711.4(14) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0440, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1054, T = 296.15 K.
Interaction of cationic surfactant with acid yellow dye in absence/presence of organic and inorganic additives: conductivity and dye solubilization methods
Authors: Haque Md. Ariful , Mahbub Shamim , Rahman Mohammad Majibur , Hoque Md. Anamul , Kumar Dileep , Alsaiari Norah Salem , Wabaidur Saikh M. , Alsubaie Fehaid Mohammed
Published: September 2021

In the present study, the conductometric and dye-solubilization techniques have been utilized to investigate the interaction between an anionic dye (acid yellow 23 [AY]) and a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB]) in presence of organic (ethanol)/inorganic (NaCl) additives. From the conductometric method, two critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were found for AY + CTAB mixture in an aqueous system and the cmc values were found to undergo a change with the variation of AY concentrations. The cmc values of AY + CTAB systems were observed higher in the alcoholic medium, while the same was found to be lower in the NaCl solutions. The change in cmc of AY + CTAB systems shows an U-like curve with an increase of temperature. The negative free energy of micellization (

Δ

G
m
o

${\Delta}{G}_{m}^{o}$

) for the AY + CTAB systems has indicated a spontaneous micelle formation in all of the cases studied. The enthalpy (

Δ

H
m
o

${\Delta}{H}_{m}^{o}$

), as well as the entropy of micellization (

Δ

S
m
o

${\Delta}{S}_{m}^{o}$

) for the AY + CTAB systems, were assessed and discussed with proper reasoning. Additionally, the enthalpy-entropy compensation parameters were also investigated and illustrated. The solubility of AY and C
D was observed to rise linearly with an increase in the concentration of CTAB/NaCl solution. The solubilization capacity (χ) of AY, the molar partition coefficient (K
M) amongst the micellar and the aqueous phase, and free energy of solubilization (

Δ

G
S
o

${\Delta}{G}_{S}^{o}$

) were evaluated and discussed in detail. The former parameters undergo an increase with an increase of NaCl concentrations.