bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiential Marketing as a Tool for Emotional Brand Building
Authors: Madhvapaty Havish , Rajesh Anupama
Published: September 2017

Experiential marketing offers an excellent vehicle for building relationships with customers. While emotional branding has been employed since a long time by marketers, evolving technologies and a growing appetite shown by customers for experiential connect has led to brands renewing their focus on experiential marketing. The authors discuss the experiential marketing ecosystem, detailing the various types of agencies and activities. The authors then present the Advertising Expenditure pie. In absence of an experiential component, the authors conducted their research to add the experiential component and present a revised Advertising Expenditure figure. The chapter then identifies Return on Investment (ROI) as the key challenge for assessing the success of an experiential activity. The authors develop a model for marketers to identify and connect with their customers through experiential initiatives. The authors conclude and present certain key developments in the area.
Brand Anthropomorphism
Authors: Wandel Tamara L.
Published: September 2017

This chapter addresses brand anthropomorphism, in particular how sports mascots can be utilized on social media to increase emotional connectivity with fans and their affiliated teams. The history and role of mascots and present day usage encourages understanding of how narratives are a positive and promising tool for marketing communication professionals and those in the sports and entertainment industry. Interviews were conducted with personnel associated with mascots to gain insights into the concept of brand anthropomorphism. Also, an online survey was conducted on mascot brand attributes and results were presented. The ability to personify a brand has significant managerial implications, and this chapter demonstrates how social media platforms may drive brand loyalty.
Big Data Processing on Cloud Computing Using Hadoop Mapreduce and Apache Spark
Authors: Samadi Yassir , Zbakh Mostapha , Haouari Amine
Published: September 2017

Size of the data used by enterprises has been growing at exponential rates since last few years; handling such huge data from various sources is a challenge for Businesses. In addition, Big Data becomes one of the major areas of research for Cloud Service providers due to a large amount of data produced every day, and the inefficiency of traditional algorithms and technologies to handle these large amounts of data. In order to resolve the aforementioned problems and to meet the increasing demand for high-speed and data-intensive computing, several solutions have been developed by researches and developers. Among these solutions, there are Cloud Computing tools such as Hadoop MapReduce and Apache Spark, which work on the principles of parallel computing. This chapter focuses on how big data processing challenges can be handled by using Cloud Computing frameworks and the importance of using Cloud Computing by businesses
Anomaly Detection in Cloud Computing and Internet of Things Environments
Authors: Cherkaoui Rachid , Zbakh Mostapha , Braeken An , Touhafi Abdellah
Published: September 2017

This chapter contains the state of the art of the latest security issues of cloud computing as well as security issues of internet of things (IoT) applications. It discusses the integration of IoT platforms with cloud computing services, security of the hosted data, intrusion and anomaly detection techniques used to detect attacks in virtualized networks. The chapter also discusses some of the lightweight anomaly detection techniques to use in integrated constrained devices' ecosystems with cloud computing environments. This chapter focuses on efficient integration of cloud hosting with IoT applications as well as integration of lightweight intrusion detection systems in the latter environments.
Survey of Unknown Malware Attack Finding
Authors: Sethuraman Murugan Sethuraman
Published: September 2017

Intrusion detection system(IDS) has played a vital role as a device to guard our networks from unknown malware attacks. However, since it still suffers from detecting an unknown attack, i.e., 0-day attack, the ultimate challenge in intrusion detection field is how we can precisely identify such an attack. This chapter will analyze the various unknown malware activities while networking, internet or remote connection. For identifying known malware various tools are available but that does not detect Unknown malware exactly. It will vary according to connectivity and using tools and finding strategies what they used. Anyhow like known Malware few of unknown malware listed according to their abnormal activities and changes in the system. In this chapter, we will see the various Unknown methods and avoiding preventions as birds eye view manner.
Clustering Mixed Datasets Using K-Prototype Algorithm Based on Crow-Search Optimization
Authors: K. Lakshmi , N. Karthikeyani Visalakshi , S. Shanthi , S. Parvathavarthini
Published: September 2017

Data mining techniques are useful to discover the interesting knowledge from the large amount of data objects. Clustering is one of the data mining techniques for knowledge discovery and it is the unsupervised learning method and it analyses the data objects without knowing class labels. The k-prototype is the most widely-used partitional clustering algorithm for clustering the data objects with mixed numeric and categorical type of data. This algorithm provides the local optimum solution due to its selection of initial prototypes randomly. Recently, there are number of optimization algorithms are introduced to obtain the global optimum solution. The Crow Search algorithm is one the recently developed population based meta-heuristic optimization algorithm. This algorithm is based on the intelligent behavior of the crows. In this paper, k-prototype clustering algorithm is integrated with the Crow Search optimization algorithm to produce the global optimum solution.
Modularising the Complex Meta-Models in Enterprise Systems Using Conceptual Structures
Authors: Polovina Simon , Scheruhn Hans-Jurgen , von Rosing Mark
Published: September 2017

The development of meta-models in Enterprise Modelling, Enterprise Engineering, and Enterprise Architecture enables an enterprise to add value and meet its obligations to its stakeholders. This value is however undermined by the complexity in the meta-models which have become difficult to visualise thus deterring the human-driven process. These experiences have driven the development of layers and levels in the modular meta-model. Conceptual Structures (CS), described as “Information Processing in Mind and Machine”, align the way computers work with how humans think. Using the Enterprise Information Meta-model Architecture (EIMA) as an exemplar, two forms of CS known as Conceptual Graphs (CGs) and Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) are brought together through the CGtoFCA algorithm, thereby mathematically evaluating the effectiveness of the layers and levels in these meta-models. The work reveals the useful contribution that this approach brings in actualising the modularising of complex meta-models in enterprise systems using conceptual structures.
Multimedia Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Costa Daniel G. , Guedes Luiz Affonso , Vasques Francisco , Portugal Paulo
Published: September 2017

Wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology that can provide valuable information for a large series of monitoring and control applications. Comprising many monitoring scenarios with different particularities, as industrial management, weather forecasting, home automation, traffic management and rescue operations, just to cite a few, wireless sensor networks bring many possibilities for innovative applications that cannot be addressed by conventional wireless network technologies. When sensors are equipped with cameras or microphones, multimedia data can be retrieved from the monitored field, enriching the perception of the target area. However, the constrained nature of wireless sensor networks imposes many challenges to multimedia transmission, fostering development of optimized protocols. In this chapter, we present the state of the art of multimedia transmission in wireless sensor networks, covering topics as routing, error control, congestion avoidance, real-time delivery, compression and QoS, potentially supporting in the development of wireless multimedia sensor networks.
Transforming Digital Literacy with Culturally Diverse, Personalized Learning
Authors: Donohue Patricia J. , Kelly Kevin
Published: September 2017

The chapter reports on the research and efforts of two faculty members in an Instructional Technologies (ITEC) Master's program to transform their undergraduate and graduate courses into culturally sensitive personalized learning experiences in media literacy education. The 20-year-old ITEC program needed upgrading to meet the paradigm shift in new technologies and global education that its students would enter on graduation. Cultural and social justice issues have been the mission of the University for 40 years and that dimension of media literacy education was missing from the ITEC curricula. Researchers found that introducing techniques of gamification, heutagogical methods, and universal design for learning principles into their online and blended-learning courses provided a way to help students personalize their learning experience and interact more engagingly with each other, and to master the media literacy skills being taught.
Developing Digital Empathy
Authors: Friesem Yonty
Published: September 2017

In the Digital Age, when technology offers many solutions and distractions at the same time, we should use media literacy research to address these advantages and challenges through a holistic approach. This chapter introduces digital empathy as a holistic framework combining empathic design and empathic listening to bridge the traditional protectionist and empowerment approaches in media literacy research. Digital Empathy is a mixed methods approach that has been developed through a longitudinal study. It is an inclusive model that addresses the participants and the researcher's cognitive, emotional, and social skills through empathic design and empathic listening. Using a longitudinal case study of a month-long media literacy summer class with underprivileged high school students, the chapter describes digital empathy, not only as a pedagogical approach, but also as a holistic research method that will advance media literacy scholarship.
Quality of Experience Factors for Mobile TV Users
Authors: Kanellopoulos Dimitris N.
Published: September 2017

This chapter helps the professionals involved in the Mobile TV industry to methodically engineer the Quality of Experience (QoE) of Mobile TV users. Its objective is to investigate the factors that influence the QoE of Mobile TV users. It also discusses the issues for strategic implications for the Mobile TV industry. We retrieved and categorized the majority of the critical works focusing on QoE for Mobile TV users. Then, we considered them and proposed a comprehensive road-map for improving the QoE of Mobile TV users. We present an approach to produce improvements to the Mobile TV customer experiences. This chapter proposes a seven-stage “road-map” to improvement, which develops the existing models. This study remains to be seen how the presented QoE factors– both amongst technologies and Mobile TV actors – will affect the potential for Mobile TV amongst various types of users. The proposed road-map can help to bridge gaps between other studies that have either focused on QoE for mobile TV or have addressed frameworks for mobile TV.
Digital Media in Uganda
Authors: Semujju Brian
Published: September 2017

This chapter is an analysis of the law in the face of the growing digital media in Uganda. It begins with a summary of Uganda's digital media terrain which helps the chapter to raise an argument of numbers in relation to relevance and external pressure, as forces behind digital media regulation. The background introduces the gist of the chapter, which is the regulation of Uganda's media in the digital age. A recent court case in Uganda, in which a local singer was sentenced to one year in jail along with her video producer, who was convicted for producing a pornographic music video that was distributed online, inspires this chapter. Didi Mugisha pleaded guilty and became the first victim of the Anti-Pornography Act, which was signed into law in 2014. Beyond that court drama and the international fame it garnered are some serious concerns. First is the relationship between the bulk of Uganda's media laws and the existing producer/consumer digital platforms, and secondly are the broad implications the current state of affairs of that and similar laws has on the freedom of expression.
Issues and Recent Trends in the Assessment and Management of ID in Childhood
Authors: Chowhan Sumita , Patowary Plabita
Published: September 2017

The Chapter begins with an attempt to understand disability aspect in general and assessment aspect extensively. This chapter would attempt to observe both classic and latest trends of assessment techniques. Since it was observed that the recent trends concentrate extensively on global concept, the present chapter would include assessment categories on different dimensions of ability, emotions and behaviors such as intelligence, achievement, adaptive, social behavior and emotional adjustment, communication/language, sensory status, motor skills, and health status. The adaptivity skills will be emphasized more since it was observed adaptive skills plays a crucial role in the children with intellectual disability. in this current chapter a number of critical issues concerning the assessment of children with intellectual disabilities, including definitional problems, psychometric factors, and practical difficulties would be proposed to help students, counselors, teachers and psychologists.
Psychosocial Interventions for Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Lohan Aditi
Published: September 2017

In the recent years, there has been an increased interest and focus on improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities. In the year 2006, the United Nations drafted the Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) aimed at securing and protecting the human rights of persons with disabilities. As of November 2015, 160 countries have become signatories of this convention and many countries are working towards making legislations consistent with the CRPD to protect the human rights of individuals with disabilities (UN Convention on the Rights of the Persons with Disabilities, 2015). Individuals with intellectual disabilities often face increased challenges in self-care, emotional regulation and decision making due to their cognitive and adaptive skill limitations, which further impacts on their quality of life (Emerson, 2001a). A large proportion of population with intellectual disability display several forms of challenging behaviours including aggressive behaviours, self-harm, stereotypical behaviours and sexual misconducts (Crocker, Mercier, Lachapelle, Brunet, Morin & Roy 2006; Emerson et al., 2001b; Poppes, Putten, & Vlaskamp, 2010). Poppes et al. (2010) found a prevalence of self-harm and stereotypical behaviour in 82% of their participants with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD) and 45% of their study participants displayed aggressive and destructive behaviours. Challenging behaviour appears to be a central theme in intellectual disability and its treatment. This chapter provides a discussion of the principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) in prevention and treatment of challenging behaviours as well as improving the adaptive behaviours of individuals with intellectual disability.
Pre-Therapy in Child-Centered Play Therapy
Authors: Swan Karrie L.
Published: September 2017

Child-centered play therapy (CCPT) is widely used among practitioners as a developmentally responsive mental health treatment for children with a variety of behaviors and presenting problems, however for children with disabilities, modifications to CCPT may be warranted. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to present a model of pre-therapy in CCPT for treating children with ASD and other developmental disabilities. This chapter begins with an overview of person-centered therapy and pre-therapy; then moves to an explanation of using pre-therapy in CCPT. The chapter concludes with a synopsis for using therapeutic responses across three phases in pre-therapy. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Early Literacy and AAC for Learners With Complex Communication Needs
Authors: Doneski-Nicol Janis , Bartz Jody Marie
Published: September 2017

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems are a common assistive technology (AT) intervention for learners with complex communication needs (CCN) – those learners who are unable to use speech and language as a primary mode of communication. AAC systems can be a powerful intervention; however, these systems must be integrated with strong, early and conventional literacy instructional opportunities. In this chapter, we provide parents, educators, researchers, academics, and other professionals with the most up to date and innovative information as well as practical resources regarding early literacy and AAC for learners with CCN. Emphasis will be on young children with CCN in preschool and early elementary school settings. Features of AAC systems and evidence-based literacy assessment and intervention, as well as the benefits and challenges, are presented to provide the reader with information on the current state of the field. The chapter concludes with directions for future research and provides a comprehensive list of resources and organizations.
Debt Strategy Trends of Emerging Market Firms
Authors: Kumar B. Rajesh , Sujit K.S.
Published: September 2017

Different industry sectors have high degree of variation with respect to financial leverage. The excessive use of financial leverage by firms had played a paramount role in the 2008 financial crisis. This study examines the average debt intensity of different industrial sectors during different time period. The study was based on a sample of approximately 20,000 companies representing 19 different industry sectors. The study explores whether there exist persistent differences in leverage ratios across different industry sectors in India. The study examines whether the leverage measures of the Indian firms have changed during different period of analysis. The study also examines the determinants of an optimal capital structure. Electricity sector is the most debt intensive sector among the different industry sectors. Communication, construction and real estate sectors were the next debt intensive sectors among the Indian industrial sectors. The average debt equity ratio of all the industry sectors was 16.57 reflecting the high debt intensity characteristics of Indian Industry. The mean debt equity ratio ranged from 1.45 (Machinery & Transport) to 85.64(Electricity) during the period 2005-2016. The average return on capital employed was negative for all the sectors during the period 2000-2016 except for electricity sector. The average leverage of 10 industry sectors increased in the period 2010-2016 compared to the period 2000-2009. The study document statistically significant variation in mean leverage ratio for industry sectors like communication, construction and real estate, electricity and miscellaneous manufacturing. The most leverage intensive sector construction and real estate sector was the only sector with positive average return on capital and had highest cash flow intensity during the period 2010-2016. Regression results finds statistically significant negative relationship between profitability and leverage. Less profitable firms tend to use more financial leverage. Firms that have more profits tend to have lower leverage. This result is in line with pecking order theory. Some evidence suggest that debt ratio is inversely related to the costs of financial distress. Firms with higher discretionary expenditures tend to have higher cash flows and hence lower costs of bankruptcy. Textile, metal, financial services, electricity and consumer goods are highly debt intensive industries.
Enablement of IoT Based Context-Aware Smart Home with Fog Computing
Authors: Bansal Maggi , Chana Inderveer , Clarke Siobhan
Published: September 2017

The recent advent of Internet of Things (IoT), has given rise to a plethora of smart verticals- smart homes being one of them. Smart Home is a classic example of IoT, wherein smart appliances connected via home gateways constitute a local home network to assist people in activities of daily life. Smart Home involves IoT-based automation (such as smart lighting, heating, surveillance etc.), remote monitoring and control of smart appliances. Besides automation, human-in-the-loop is a unique characteristic of Smart home to offer personalized services. Understanding the human behavior requires context processing. Thus, enablement of Smart home involves two prominent technologies IoT and context-aware computing. Further, local devices lying in the smart home have the implicit location and situational information, hence fog computing can offer real-time smart home services. In this paper, the authors propose ICON (IoT-based CONtext-aware) framework for context-aware IoT applications such as smart home, further ICON leverages fog-based IoT middleware to perform context-aware processing.
Nanosteps Preparation Based on Focused Ion Beam Technique
Authors: Wang Chen Ying , Jing Wei Xuan , Zhang Yi Jun , Liu Ming , Lin Qi Jing , Jiang Zhuang De
Published: September 2017

In this paper, nanosteps were fabricated by a new method. This method used the energy of focus imaging of focused ion beam to peel the material surface for fabricating the nanosteps. By changing the number of focus imaging can get different deepness nanosingle-steps. Changing the magnification, the second-step can be fabricated on nanosingle-step. An atomic force microscopy was used to measure the 3D morphology of nanosteps. When the magnification was 25000, the deepness of nanosingle-step was 65.34±3.00 nm and the deepness of the first step of nanodual-step was 56.03 nm. When the magnification was 50000, the deepness of nanosingle-step was 142.28±3.54 nm and the deepness of the second step of nanodual-step was 178.68nm. This means that the redeposition made the deepness of the first step become bigger, that of the second step becomes smaller. Based on comparison and analysis, the relation of the depth, the magnification and the number of the focus imaging were obtained.
Combination of Double Scale Measurements for Large Scale Surface Profile Measurement
Authors: Okuyama Eiki , Ito Masayuki
Published: September 2017

In the field of surface profile measurement, many software datums were proposed. When a measured surface profile is large, the number of sampling point becomes large. As the result, the influence of the random error becomes large. To decrease the error propagation, the concept of the division of the length datum is applied to the integration method for surface profile measurement. Analytical results and simulation show when integration method is used as the software datum for surface profile measurement, combination of the large scale integration method and short scale integration method is useful to decrease the error propagation.
Challenge for the Traceable Dimensional Measurement Using CMM in Factory Floor
Authors: Sato Osamu , Matsuzaki Kazuya , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Osawa Sonko , Abe Makoto , Takatsuji Toshiyuki
Published: September 2017

Dimensional measurement is a key process in the quality assurance of manufacturing. Not only classical one-dimensional measurement devices, several kind of three-dimensional coordinate measuring systems (CMSs) including coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are used for dimensional measurement tasks in measurement rooms or in factory floors. For the purpose of the quality guarantee, the measurement for the validation on the products should be performed with the traceable manner. In the case of the dimensional measurement, the measurement results of the products should be stated as the corresponding values in the reference temperature, 20 °C. Therefore, at least the traceability of the length indication instruments and temperature-measuring equipment installed into the measuring device to be used should be ensured. Usually, the traceability of the instrument or equipment is ensured through the calibration on it. Now, typical CMMs in factory floor have non-calibrated temperature-measuring equipment because the equipment is hard to be detached off for the calibration, and therefore, the temperature-measuring equipment is usually left uncalibrated. Recently, a new procedure by which both the length indication instruments and temperature-measuring equipment installed into a CMM are able to be calibrated simultaneously is established. In this research, the traceable dimensional measurement using a CMM equipped with uncalibrated temperature-measuring instrument is developed by as an application of the established calibration procedure. Through the experiment, the traceable dimensional measurement using the CMM placed on the factory floor is demonstrated.
Research on Axial Multi-Focus Scanning in Confocal Microscopy with Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Zou Li Min , Zhou Meng Jiao , Wang Bao Kai , Ding Xue Mei
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a non-mechanical axial zoom scanning method based on a phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulator is proposed. This novel method is to overcome the measurement error caused by moving mechanical parts in the axial mechanical scanning methods in the confocal microscopy system. The modulation on the incident wave front is completed by a spatial light modulator, which provides this scanning method some outstanding advantages including the flexibility of control and the absence of moving mechanical parts, especially suitable for the fixed sample imaging occasions. By simulating the multiple Fresnel lens with LCSLM to generate controllable multi-focal points and thus realizing this method of axial multi-focus scanning to enhance the axial scanning efficiency and the range. Simulations and experiments on the axial scanning features of the axial multi-focus zoom scanning method are carried out. Results of simulations and experiments indicate that non-mechanical axial zoom scanning can be realized with the use of a spatial light modulator in the confocal microscopy system.
Study on Measuring Method and Experiment of Arc Fault Detection Device
Authors: Yang Jian Hong , Zhang Ren Cheng , Huang Li
Published: September 2017

Arc fault is one of the main inducement of electric fires. Arc Fault Detection Device (AFDD) can detect arc fault effectively in electric fires. Arc fault detection and unhooking standard of AFDD are the key to practical application. In the paper, an arc fault continuous production system was developed, which could count the arc half wave number. Then, combining with the UL1699 standard, ignition probability curve of cotton and unhooking time of various currents intensity were obtained by experiments. The total energy of combustion arcing could be expressed effectively by area of arc current curve. Experiments proved that electric fires would be misjudged or missed only using arc half wave number as AFDD unhooking basis. A self-developed AFDD was tested . The result showed that total protection time of AFDD was the sum of arc half wave cycling number, arc wave identification time and unhooking mechanical operation time. The unhooking mechanical operation time is longest. The total protection time of AFDD depended on the shortest mechanical operation time.
Investigate the Humping Ferro-Damp Induced under Non-Uniform Magnetic Field Density
Authors: Ho Je Ee , Lien Ling Tzu
Published: September 2017

Under non-uniform magnetic field distribution, the humping ferro-damp used to reduce the oscillation of ferro-wave is investigated. Through experimental observation and analytic analysis, the dynamical stability at the so called “humping pool”, enclosed by both centers of permanent magnetisms, is found to be closely dependent on the oscillating frequency, field intensity & the separated distance of magnetisms. Though nodal shift of pool 0.07~0.11 cm, recorded from video-camera suited on self-designed oscillating system, begins to occur as in the deployment of higher ferro-level or lower field strength 0~ 30 mT, however such the stable response of humping pool, without remarkable change of vibrating amplitude 0.03 ~0.06 cm, might be under control while oscillating frequency of 0.5~2 Hz is subjected. That could be attributed to the concentrated ferro-viscosity as well as the strongest ferro-magnetization, induced at the humps, initiates a recovering constrain for oscillating pool. Unlike above humping damp accessed, an irregular and random ferro-profile will be generated outside pool region. Such humping deployment, as a manner of shockproof, might be utilized to reduce the seismic damage and that makes damping analysis of seismic study become more practical and approach to the intended demand.
Enhancement-Mode GaN MOS-HEMT with Quaternary InAlGaN-Barrier
Authors: Chen P.G. , Chen H.H. , Tang M. , Lee Min Hung
Published: September 2017

The quaternary InAlGaN-barrier GaN MOS-HEMT (high-electron-mobility transistor) with enhancement mode operation was displayed as Vth=0.65V and the maximum drain current ~ 40 mA/mm at VDS=10V with LG=15μm and LGD=20μm. The measured rocking-curve and RSM (reciprocal space mapping) for epitaxial quality was confirmed the composition of the quaternary and analyzed the relaxation between InAlGaN-barrier and GaN Buffer layer. The surface roughness of InAlGaN was observed by AFM (Atomic force microscopy). The positive polarity of Vth was obtained with the gate lengths 3-30μm, and short channel effect was discussed.
Experimental Study on Formation of the Microstructure on Copper Film Using Ultraviolet Nanosecond Laser
Authors: Fu Xing , Qi Hui , Zhao Yu Wen , Xu Dong
Published: September 2017

In this paper, the ablated microstructures on copper film affected by ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser are presented. The experimental system was consisted of two lasers, optics and controlling electronics. A 3000mW, 355nm Q-switched ultraviolet lasers was used to the micro-polishing experiments in the work. The repetition rate of the ultraviolet pulse laser is from single-shot to 100kHz, and the pulse width is less than 40ns. The sample used in experiment is copper film (200 nm) sputtered on glass. A series of experiments at different laser parameters and speed of work platform are done. The ablating experiments are also carried out on focusing and defocusing application in the laser direct writer. The results were analyzed.
A Study of Making Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using MK-II Dye by Electrophoretic Deposition Method
Authors: Sugii Kanta , Tamiya Kazuaki , Taguchi Kozo
Published: September 2017

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is more inexpensive and ecofriendly than silicone solar cell from structure. It has been reported that DSSC made by used ruthenium reaches 10.7 % [1]. However there are some contradiction so that a pigment named Ruthenium complex which is toxic is used in it. So we investigated to solve these problems using MK-II dye that is inexpensive and harmless. At the same time, we explored what kind of influence in conversion efficiency from difference of coating thickness by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) method. This method can lead to use flexible materials [2]. Because letting to deposit Titanium oxide (TiO2), we can lower sintering temperature or less to plastic melting point. The result was cell’s conversion efficiency better than others in case of 90sec and 100sec of electrophoresis time. From our experiments it is able to be said that coating thickness made by 90sec and 100sec are suitable, and its difference affect conversion efficiency.
3D Optical Measuring and Laser Technologies for Science and Industry
Authors: Chugui Yuri V.
Published: September 2017

Modern industry and science take novel 3D optical measuring systems and laser technologies with high resolution. For solving their actual problems we have developed the family of the optical measuring systems and technologies. Peculiarities of 3D image formation under partially coherent illumination using constructive calculation method are given. The optical methods and system for 3D dimensional inspection of ceramic parts are presented. The performances of 3D super resolution optical low-coherent micro-/nanoprofilometer are given. Using atomic perfectly-smooth mirror as a reference object, the breakthrough in-depth measurement with 20 picometers was achieved. The newest results in the field of laser technologies for high-precision synthesis of microstructures by updated image generator using the semiconductor laser are presented. The measuring systems and the laser image generator have been tested by the customers and are used in different branches of industry and science.
Investigation of the Effect of Ultrasound on Cell Growth
Authors: Tamai Yusuke , Taguchi Kozo
Published: September 2017

Several studies have been made on cell growth by the ultrasound irradiation. It is important to change the output, irradiation time and duty cycle for cell growth. The duty cycle determined the proportion of the time that the ultrasound was “on”. We can control cell growth by changing these three terms. The purpose of this study is to find the optimum conditions for cell growth and examine a new factor to influence cell growth. Cell concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance with a spectrophotometer. In this study, the absorbance became highest on 10min ultrasound irradiation and the duty cycle of 67% in experimental conditions. However, when 30 min ultrasound irradiation and the duty cycles of 86%, the absorbance became close to the highest value too. The results suggested that, in addition to the duty cycle, the off time of ultrasound might also affect the cell growth.
Synthesis and Wear Characterization of Reinforced Glass Fiber Polymer Composites with Epoxy Resin Using Granite Powder
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Karthikeyan A.
Published: September 2017

Recent research scenario reveals that the amalgamations of micro and nanoceramic fillers into fiber reinforced polymer composites have improved their performances in an excellent manner. In this research work, an investigation was attempted at in analyzing the wear behavior of glass fiber reinforced with epoxy resin using granite powder as a filler material in varying weight percentage ranging from 0-5%. Structural morphology of the prepared laminates was studied using SEM. Epoxy resin which was taken as matrix material was reinforced with a combination of chopped and woven roving mat glass fibers. Pin on disc method was applied for completing the wear test at different constraints of load, sliding distance and velocity for the investigation. Influence of granite powder in the composite was synthesized by calculating the specific wear rate and weight loss occurring at varying speed and normal load were applied on it. On examining by SEM worn surface wear rate of the prepared laminate at 5 wt% of granite provided better wear resistance as compared to other compositions and characterizations of worn surfaces.
The Roles of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as the Capping Agent on the Polyol Method for Synthesizing Silver Nanowires
Authors: Junaidi  , Triyana Kuwat , Suharyadi Edi , Harsojo  , Wu Linda Y.L.
Published: September 2017

We report our investigation of roles of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a high-performance capping agent in synthesizing silver nanowires (AgNWs) using polyol method. For this purpose, we varied the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3), from 0.3 M to 1.0 M, and molar ratios of [PVA:AgNO3] from 2 to 6. The UV-vis spectra show the AgNWs growth optimally at a molar ratio of 4.5 with the absorbance peaks of 378 nm and 380 nm. Meanwhile, from XRD patterns, it was found that the crystal structure of the AgNWs can be identified as a face-centered cubic (fcc) with a lattice constant according to the spacing distance between the {111} planes of 4.087 Å. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy TEM images show the diameter and length of the AgNRs are 150 to 230 nm and 50 to 120 µm, respectively. These results show that the AgNWs synthesized using PVA having a long size.
Aluminosilicate Microsphere Synthesis in Plasma Flow
Authors: Shekhovtsov Valentin V. , Volokitin O. , Tsvetkov N. , Volokitin G. , Skripnikova N.
Published: September 2017

The paper presents theoretical and experimental results on the synthesis of ash-based microspheres using the high-temperature plasma treatment. The dynamic motion of particles and their melting are considered depending on the initial porosity of the raw material modified by 3200K plasma treatment. Physicochemical studies relate to the original raw material and microspheres produced therefrom.
High-Speed Steel Surface Modification by Electron-Beam Processing
Authors: Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan K. , Sagdoldina Zh.B. , Tazhybaeva G.B.
Published: September 2017

The structure and microhardness of high-speed steels P6M5, P9 and P18 after electron-beam processing were investigated in the work. Electron-beam processing was carried out on the industrial accelerator ELV-4. It was established that electron-beam processing allows to obtain a modified layer on the surface of fast-cutting steels with thickness of 20 μm with high hardness, consisting of fragmented martensite with fine carbide particles. It was determined that after electron beam processing the microhardness of high-speed steels increased to 9.5 GPa. It has been experimentally established that the growth of hardness and wear resistance of high-speed steels after electron-beam processing is the result of the formation of more fragmented martensite and a decrease in the size of carbide particles.
Promising Electron-Beam Techniques for Joining Metal Materials in Power Equipment Designs
Authors: Goncharov A.L. , Portnov M.A. , Sliva A.P. , Chulkov I.S. , Zhmurko I.E.
Published: September 2017

In paper some design elements are considered, manufacturing of welded joints of which being identified with technological and metallurgical difficulties. The possibility of obtaining welded joints of large thickness parts using EBW with the evaluation of mechanical properties is shown, as well as dissimilar compounds of steel and composite on the basis of tungsten and bronze. The optimal modes of electron beam treatment are picked up and the microstructure of the obtained compounds is investigated confirming their quality.
Epidemiology and outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Experience from a regional cancer center in Southern India
Authors: Haleshappa Rudresha Antapura , Thanky Aditi Harsh , Kuntegowdanahalli Lakshmaiah , Kanakasetty Govind Babu , Dasappa Lokanatha , Jacob Linu
Published: September 2017

Context: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare head and neck cancer with significant geographical variation. There are limited data on epidemiology and outcomes of NPC reported from Southern India. Settings and Design: Retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed our hospital data between January 2005 and December 2011 with NPC and analyzed their demographic parameters and outcomes with therapy. Results: A total 143 cases of NPC were identified. Median age at presentation was 35 years with male predominance. Majority (84%) of the cases had the WHO Type 3 histology. Nodal metastasis at presentation was seen in 90% of the cases, majority being bilateral. Distant metastasis was seen in 16% of the cases, most commonly at bone, lung, and liver. Concurrent chemoradiation with weekly cisplatin was offered to 84.7% of localized disease while 80% of these also received adjuvant chemotherapy. Complete remission and partial remission were achieved in 66.1% and 15.2% of the cases, respectively. Weekly cisplatin was well tolerated with Grade 3–4 toxicity seen in 22% of cases. At a median follow-up of 20 months, 2-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 67.2% and 79.5%, respectively. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS software version 20. Conclusion: NPC is a rare head and neck malignancy in Southern India, presenting with advanced stage and more propensity to distant metastasis. It has good outcomes to concurrent chemoradiation with weekly schedule of cisplatin being well-tolerated regime. Further prospective studies to test this schedule and other novel agents in this potentially curable malignancy are warranted.
Human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer in India: Current status and consensus recommendations
Authors: Murthy Vedang , Calcuttawala Adnan , Chadha Kirti , d’Cruz Anil , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Mallick Indranil , Nair Sudhir , Teni Tanuja , Pawar Sagar , Talapatra Kaustav , Patil Asawari , Bhatt Amit , Chatterjee Sanjoy , Swain Monali , Narayanan Prasad , Ghadyalpatil Nikhil , Singhal Manish , Kuriakose Moni , Prabhash Kumar , Agarwal Jaiprakash , Parikh Purvish
Published: September 2017

Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) have become increasingly common in the West, but the same cannot be said about India. These cancers have a different biology and confer a better prognosis, however, its current role in the management of patients in India is not clearly defined. At the 35th Indian Cooperative Oncology Network conference held in September 2016, a panel of radiation, surgical and medical oncologists, pathologists, and basic scientists from across the country having experience in clinical research with respect to HPV in HNSCC reviewed the available literature from India. All the ideas and facts were thereafter collated in this report. Various topics of controversy in dealing with the diagnosis and management of HPV-associated HNSCC have been highlighted in this report in context to the Indian scenario. Furthermore, the prevalence of the same and its association with tobacco and high-risk sexual behavior has been touched on. Conclusively, a set of recommendations has been proposed by the panel to guide the practicing oncologists of the country while dealing with HPV-associated HNSCC.
Gene Variant of the Bradykinin B2 Receptor Influences Pulmonary Arterial Pressures in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Olson Thomas P. , Frantz Robert P. , Turner Stephen T. , Bailey Kent R. , Wood Christina M. , Johnson Bruce D.
Published: September 2017

Background

Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) varies considerably in heart failure (HF) despite similar degrees of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Bradykinin alters vascular tone and common variations in the kinin B2 receptor (BDKRB2) gene exists. We hypothesized that genetic variation in this receptor would influence PAP in HF.

Methods

131 HF patients (>1yr history systolic HF), without COPD, not currently smoking, BMI < 40, without atrial fibrillation completed the study which included a blood draw for genotyping and neurohormones (ACE, A-II, Bradykinin, ANP, BNP, and catecholamines), an echocardiogram for cardiac function and systolic PAP (PAPsys).

Results

Mean LVEF was 29% ∓ 12%, NYHA class 2 ∓ 1, age 56 ∓ 12 yr, BMI 28 ∓ 5 kg/m2. Forty-six patients (35%) were homozygous for the +9 allele, 58 (44%) were heterozygous (+9/-9) and 27 (21%) were homozygous for the -9 allele of the BDKRB2. PAPsys averaged 42 ∓ 13, 38 ∓ 12, and 35 ∓ 11 mmHg for +9/+9, +9/-9 and -9/-9, respectively (p = 0.03). There was a trend towards gene effect for plasma ACE with the highest values in +9/+9 and lowest in -9/-9 patients (9.5 ∓ 10.7, 7.1 ∓ 8.7, and 5.4 ∓ 6.4 U/L, respectively, p = 0.06). There were no differences in plasma bradykinin or A-II, LVEF, or NYHA across genotypes.

Conclusion

These data suggest the +9/+9 polymorphism of the BDKRB2 receptor influences pulmonary vascular tone in stable HF.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Scleroderma
Authors: Daruwala Cherag , Mercogliano Giancarlo , Harder Thomas P.
Published: September 2017

In this review, we analyze the effects of systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma on the gastrointestinal tract. There is a wide variation of gastrointestinal manifestations from these autoimmune disorders including but not limited to: oral ulcers, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, fecal incontinence, pseudo-obstruction, perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding. The purpose of this review is to discuss these manifestations, the appropriate diagnostic tests, and treatment.
Yi-Gan San Restores Behavioral Alterations and a Decrease of Brain Glutathione Level in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia
Authors: Makinodan Manabu , Yamauchi Takahira , Tatsumi Kouko , Okuda Hiroaki , Noriyama Yoshinobu , Sadamatsu Miyuki , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Wanaka Akio
Published: September 2017

The traditional Chinese herbal medicine yi-gan san has been used to cure neuropsychological disorders. Schizophrenia can be one of the target diseases of yi-gan san. We aimed at evaluating the possible use of yi-gan san in improving the schizophrenic symptoms of an animal model. Yi-gan san or distilled water was administered to mice born from pregnant mice injected with polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid or phosphate buffered saline. The former is a model of schizophrenia based on the epidemiological data that maternal infection leads to psychotic disorders including schizophrenia in the offspring. Prepulse inhibition and sensitivity to methamphetamine in open field tests were analyzed and the total glutathione content of whole brains was measured. Yi-gan san reversed the decrease in prepulse inhibition, hypersensitivity to methamphetamine and cognitive deficits found in the model mice to the level of control mice. Total glutathione content in whole brains was reduced in the model mice but was restored to normal levels by yi-gan san treatment. These results suggest that yi-gan san may have ameliorating effects on the pathological symptoms of schizophrenia.