bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolution of zonally asymmetric austral ozone in a chemistry–climate model
Authors: Dennison Fraser , McDonald Adrian , Morgenstern Olaf
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Asymmetry in the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric ozone hole is important due to both direct radiative heating and its effect on dynamics. It is also a strong indicator of the underlying quality of the stratospheric dynamics of a climate model. We investigate the simulation of the zonal asymmetry in ozone in the NIWA-UKCA atmosphere–ocean chemistry–climate model using elliptical diagnostics, a methodology used for the first time in this subject area. During spring, the region most depleted in ozone is displaced from the pole toward South America based on ERA-Interim and the model output. The model correctly simulates the direction of this displacement but significantly underestimates its magnitude. The model shows that as ozone becomes increasingly depleted over the late 20th century this asymmetry in the ozone distribution moves west, before moving east as polar ozone recovers over the course of the 21st century. Comparison with model runs in which ozone-depleting substances are held fixed at pre-ozone-hole levels shows that this shift is primarily a function of the magnitude of ozone depletion, although increases in greenhouse gases also have some effect.
Global change in streamflow extremes under climate change over the 21st century
Authors: Asadieh Behzad , Krakauer Nir Y.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Global warming is expected to intensify the Earth's hydrological cycle and increase flood and drought risks. Changes over the 21st century under two warming scenarios in different percentiles of the probability distribution of streamflow, and particularly of high and low streamflow extremes (95th and 5th percentiles), are analyzed using an ensemble of bias-corrected global climate model (GCM) fields fed into different global hydrological models (GHMs) provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) to understand the changes in streamflow distribution and simultaneous vulnerability to different types of hydrological risk in different regions. In the multi-model mean under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, 37 % of global land areas experience an increase in magnitude of extremely high streamflow (with an average increase of 24.5 %), potentially increasing the chance of flooding in those regions. On the other hand, 43 % of global land areas show a decrease in the magnitude of extremely low streamflow (average decrease of 51.5 %), potentially increasing the chance of drought in those regions. About 10 % of the global land area is projected to face simultaneously increasing high extreme streamflow and decreasing low extreme streamflow, reflecting the potentially worsening hazard of both flood and drought; further, these regions tend to be highly populated parts of the globe, currently holding around 30 % of the world's population (over 2.1 billion people). In a world more than 4° warmer by the end of the 21st century compared to the pre-industrial era (RCP8.5 scenario), changes in magnitude of streamflow extremes are projected to be about twice as large as in a 2° warmer world (RCP2.6 scenario). Results also show that inter-GHM uncertainty in streamflow changes, due to representation of terrestrial hydrology, is greater than the inter-GCM uncertainty due to simulation of climate change. Under both forcing scenarios, there is high model agreement for increases in streamflow of the regions near and above the Arctic Circle, and consequent increases in the freshwater inflow to the Arctic Ocean, while subtropical arid areas experience a reduction in streamflow.
A sprinkling experiment to quantify celerity–velocity differences at the hillslope scale
Authors: van Verseveld Willem J. , Barnard Holly R. , Graham Chris B. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Brooks J. Renée , Weiler Markus
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Few studies have quantified the differences between celerity and velocity of hillslope water flow and explained the processes that control these differences. Here, we asses these differences by combining a 24-day hillslope sprinkling experiment with a spatially explicit hydrologic model analysis. We focused our work on Watershed 10 at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in western Oregon. Celerities estimated from wetting front arrival times were generally much faster than average vertical velocities of δ2H. In the model analysis, this was consistent with an identifiable effective porosity (fraction of total porosity available for mass transfer) parameter, indicating that subsurface mixing was controlled by an immobile soil fraction, resulting in the attenuation of the δ2H input signal in lateral subsurface flow. In addition to the immobile soil fraction, exfiltrating deep groundwater that mixed with lateral subsurface flow captured at the experimental hillslope trench caused further reduction in the δ2H input signal. Finally, our results suggest that soil depth variability played a significant role in the celerity–velocity responses. Deeper upslope soils damped the δ2H input signal, while a shallow soil near the trench controlled the δ2H peak in lateral subsurface flow response. Simulated exit time and residence time distributions with our hillslope hydrologic model showed that water captured at the trench did not represent the entire modeled hillslope domain; the exit time distribution for lateral subsurface flow captured at the trench showed more early time weighting.
Comparison of different methods to retrieve optical-equivalent snow grain size in central Antarctica
Authors: Carlsen Tim , Birnbaum Gerit , Ehrlich André , Freitag Johannes , Heygster Georg , Istomina Larysa , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Orsi Anaïs , Schäfer Michael , Wendisch Manfred
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The optical-equivalent snow grain size affects the reflectivity of snow surfaces and, thus, the local surface energy budget in particular in polar regions. Therefore, the specific surface area (SSA), from which the optical snow grain size is derived, was observed for a 2-month period in central Antarctica (Kohnen research station) during austral summer 2013/14. The data were retrieved on the basis of ground-based spectral surface albedo measurements collected by the COmpact RAdiation measurement System (CORAS) and airborne observations with the Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem (SMART). The snow grain size and pollution amount (SGSP) algorithm, originally developed to analyze spaceborne reflectance measurements by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), was modified in order to reduce the impact of the solar zenith angle on the retrieval results and to cover measurements in overcast conditions. Spectral ratios of surface albedo at 1280 and 1100 nm wavelength were used to reduce the retrieval uncertainty. The retrieval was applied to the ground-based and airborne observations and validated against optical in situ observations of SSA utilizing an IceCube device. The SSA retrieved from CORAS observations varied between 27 and 89 m2 kg−1. Snowfall events caused distinct relative maxima of the SSA which were followed by a gradual decrease in SSA due to snow metamorphism and wind-induced transport of freshly fallen ice crystals. The ability of the modified algorithm to include measurements in overcast conditions improved the data coverage, in particular at times when precipitation events occurred and the SSA changed quickly. SSA retrieved from measurements with CORAS and MODIS agree with the in situ observations within the ranges given by the measurement uncertainties. However, SSA retrieved from the airborne SMART data slightly underestimated the ground-based results.
Repensando a licenciatura: a graduação em filosofia e a formação docente para o nível médio
Authors: Mauch Walter Luiz
Published: November 2017

As graduações em Filosofia se direcionam no sentido de preparar os alunos para o mestrado ou carreira eclesiástica, pouco tendo a oferecer aos discentes que desejam formação que os habilite a exercer a contento as funções de professor no nível médio. Presa aos ditames estruturalistas, se por um lado tiveram o mérito de formar leitores capacitados na exegese dos textos clássicos; por outro dissociaram o pensar filosófico dos problemas nacionais e do pensar crítico. Neste sentido, este artigo se propõe a analisar a estrutura curricular e o método pedagógico adotado nos cursos de graduação em Filosofia da região metropolitana de Curitiba, privilegiando a atenção ao conteúdo e forma como disciplinas do bacharelado são trabalhadas e apreendidas. Por fim, sugerimos novas formas de estruturação dos cursos de Filosofia e apontamos caminhos alternativos de abordagem do texto filosófico.
Del rigor: epistemología y educación
Authors: Langón Mauricio
Published: November 2017

El rigor suele asociarse a la ciencia y a la investigación, pero no a la enseñanza ni a la extensión. Se quiebra así la solidaridad entre las actividades propias de la docencia universitaria; se abandona la idea de universidad y su compromiso. En este trabajo discuto la intelección de la enseñanza (particularmente la disciplinar) como actividad no “rigurosa”, concepción ligada a un uso del “rigor intelectual” que lo restringe a la aplicación de normativas. Desde los resultados de una reciente investigación discuto el sentido y valor que suele darse al rigor, su uso rigorista como dispositivo de “control de calidad”, y sus efectos en procedimientos, productos y productores en el campo intelectual. Procuro criticar ese modelo y mostrar la viabilidad de otro modelo desde lo didáctico-filosófico, intentando abrir una vía que podría desarrollarse desde otras didácticas disciplinares. Espero contribuir a recuperar en su integridad la profesión docente y su carácter universitario.
A política educacional e o ensino de filosofia no Paraná: análise do NESEF acerca da atual conjuntura
Authors: Horn Geraldo Balduíno , Arias Valéria
Published: November 2017

O NESEF – Núcleo de Estudos Sobre o Ensino da Filosofia, foi pensado e fundado em 1999, a partir das atividades desenvolvidas na primeira etapa das atividades de um projeto institucional de pesquisa e extensão direcionado à licenciatura. Naquela oportunidade, ano de 1998, estudantes de filosofia desenvolveram trabalhos e atividades com objetos relacionados ao programa Licenciar Levantamento, Divulgação e Promoção da Licenciatura em Filosofia. Ligado ao Setor de Educação da Universidade Federal do Paraná – SE/UFPR, o NESEF é constituído, principalmente, por professores de filosofia do ensino médio e universitário e alunos da graduação e tem por finalidade debater questões relacionadas ao ensino da filosofia, particularmente na educação básica, bem como desenvolver iniciativas no sentido de consolidar a presença dessa disciplina nos currículos...
CARTA MANIFESTO DO PARANÁ EM DEFESA DA FILOSOFIA , 02/08/2008
Authors: NESEF, IFIL, APP-Sindicato NESEF, IFIL, APP-Sindicato
Published: November 2017

Carta Manifesto do Paraná em Defesa da Filosofia.
O diálogo nas aulas de filosofia no ensino médio.
Authors: Belieri Cleder Mariano
Published: November 2017

Neste trabalho, será analisada uma situação de aprendizagem em busca de evidências sobre o papel do diálogo como princípio educativo nas aulas de Filosofia. Os dados analisados foram obtidos por meio de um experimento didático, desenvolvido com os alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio de um colégio estadual do Paraná, que tinha como objetivo a localização de princípios didáticos para o ensino de Filosofia. Observou-se, por meio da análise, que as situações dialógicas, quando mediadas pelo conceito filosófico, permitem ao professor acompanhar o nível de pensamento do aluno em relação ao conteúdo de ensino, encaminhar e reencaminhar suas ações para que a atenção esteja dirigida para o conceito filosófico e a reordenação das operações mentais do aluno.
Café filosociológico e a experiência do pensar.
Authors: Teixeira Luciana Da Silva
Published: November 2017

O Café Filosociológico faz parte de um dos projetos dentro das atividades complementares (aquém do desenvolvimento dos conteúdos disciplinares em sala de aula) desenvolvidas pelas disciplinas de Filosofia e Sociologia para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Colégio CEEBJA Paulo Freire, Curitiba-Paraná. A intenção primeira é propiciar a reflexão, o debate e a explanação de argumentos sobre determinados conteúdos escolares que estão presentes (em forma de temas) no cotidiano de cada um e em voga no momento em que se realiza. Aberto para toda comunidade escolar visa expandir o interesse das pessoas (alunos ou não das disciplinas) para a aprendizagem de ouvir e apresentar o que se pensa além do senso comum, mas com respaldo científico e filosófico.Café Filosociológico; Atividades Complementares; ensino-aprendizagem.
A filosofia como disciplina escolar
Authors: Grisotto Américo , Gallo Sílvio
Published: November 2017

O que significa pensar a Filosofia como disciplina escolar? O que se ganha e o quese perde com a transformação da Filosofia em disciplina obrigatória dos currículos daeducação média brasileira? Quanto avançamos com esta medida? O propósito deste artigo é o de pensar as consequências da aprovação da obrigatoriedade do ensino de Filosofia no Brasil. Não podemos afirmar que a Filosofia “retorna” aos currículos, posto que ela nunca esteve presente como agora. Intuímos que a aprovação da obrigatoriedade levará a Filosofia a amoldar­se à forma curricular de uma disciplina escolar , com os ganhos e perdas epistemológicas e didáticas que isso acarreta. A questão interrogante, portanto, é: como possibilitar uma “cidadania curricular” para a Filosofia como disciplina obrigatória sem, no entanto, perder seu dinamismo como prática de pensamento?
Miguel de Unamuno, a educação e a pedagogia
Authors: Dias J.M. De Barros
Published: November 2017

Na vasta, e a um tempo problemática obra literária e ensaística de Miguel de Unamuno há um único livro que, desde o seu título, aborda explicitamente o tema pedagógico. Trata-se de "Amor y Pedagogia" publicado em 1902...
Carta Manifesto do Coletivo NESEF em repúdio ao desrespeito às prerrogativas do Direito Universal à Educação no Estado do Paraná e apoio à Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: UFPR NESEF
Published: November 2017

O Brasil, País cuja Educação Pública é considerada "direito" de todos e obrigação do Estado, em colaboração com as Famílias, tem, no esteio dos ideais democráticos e republicano, a obrigação de dar as garantias legais e, viabilizar as condições concretas para a realização desse direito.
Redes sociais, educação e engajamento político: apontamentos foucaultianos
Authors: Lopes Luís Fernando
Published: November 2017

O escopo deste trabalho é apresentar algumas reflexões sobre as redes sociais e seus impactos na sociedade hodierna e mais especificamente no campo da educação e engajamento político. Considera-se como ponto de partida o pressuposto foucaultiano, expresso na obra Vigiar e punir, de que o indivíduo é o átomo fictício de uma representação ideológica, mas é também uma realidade fabricada por essa tecnologia específica de poder que se chama a disciplina. Assim, considera-se como problemática central para nortear as análises deste trabalho, o seguinte questionamento: As redes sociais e o uso que delas se faz são de fato instrumentos que proporcionam maior liberdade de expressão e consequentemente engajamento político ou apenas uma forma sedutora e disfarçada de controle e governamento dos sujeitos? Nesta perspectiva, o panoptismo é uma ideia chave para o desenvolvimento das reflexões propostas, uma vez que o efeito mais importante do panóptico segundo Foucault (2013) é induzir um estado consciente e permanente de visibilidade que assegura o funcionamento automático do poder, pois o panóptico é uma máquina que a partir dos desejos mais diversos, fabrica efeitos homogêneos de poder. Buscando trazer elementos que possam contribuir para responder a interrogação norteadora deste trabalho, realiza-se inicialmente uma descrição das redes sociais atualmente e sua relação com a educação e a participação política. Num segundo momento, aborda-se sinteticamente o referencial teórico foucaultiano, sobretudo a partir da obra Vigiar e Punir, no que diz respeito à tecnologia, política, educação e governamento dos sujeitos. Por fim, em um terceiro tópico, considerando os pressupostos anteriormente discutidos procura-se realizar uma análise das redes sociais no contexto atual e sua relação com a educação e a participação política. Dessa maneira espera-se contribuir com o debate atual acerca de questões fundamentais como educação e política tendo como referencial teórico norteador os pressupostos foucaultianos.
O ENEM e a Leitura de textos filosóficos: análise de alguns parâmetros para a sala de aula.
Authors: Carneiro Silvio Ricardo Gomes
Published: November 2017

O artigo pretende apresentar uma análise crítica em continuidade com o trabalho desenvolvido por Ester de Macedo em Filosofia no ENEM. Traça tendências e problemas que a Filosofia porta consigo em avaliações como o ENEM. Além disso, procura analisar o impasse do conteúdo de Filosofia em um contexto neoliberal de avaliações de desempenho.
A crítica nitzchiana da cultura moderna na primeira consideração extemporânea: David Strauss o confessor e o escritor.
Authors: De Lima Luciana Vieira
Published: November 2017

Este artigo aborda a crítica nietzschiana a respeito da cultura de sua época. Partindo da premissa que a cultura é um elemento primordial para a vida humana acreditando que uma cultura mais forte – superior – poderia gerar sujeitos mais criativos, distintos e poderosos. Na primeira Consideração Extemporânea, Nietzsche elabora uma análise criteriosa da cultura moderna alemã, elucidando que há um empecilho para ela, que são os “filisteus da cultura”, que para ele são em grande parte os professores nas Universidades da Alemanha na época. Neste sentido, a cultura e a educação são inseparáveis, sendo necessário analisar os conceitos de filisteu da cultura e do erudito, para pensar novas perspectivas para a educação de modo que ela possa servir de alicerce para uma cultura mais forte.
A Flexible Valuation Model Incorporating Declining Growth Rates
Authors: Holland Larry C
Published: November 2017

A new model is developed in this paper which demonstrates a flexible method for modeling a cash flow stream with a declining growth rate that asymptotically approaches a mature long-term growth rate.  This model can be applied when the initial growth rate in cash flows is temporarily larger than the required rate of return.  A simple closed form equation of the valuation model is presented along with an example to illustrate the valuation of future cash flows with a declining growth rate.  A comparison is made with the valuation from multi-stage models that have constant growth segments, the H-Model, and the Ohlson-Juettner Model.  This highlights the difference in valuation that results from using this new model.  An example is also included to illustrate how to match a decline curve to a specific forecast of future cash flows.  This new declining growth model provides a flexible and practical approach for valuing equities.
Management Accounting Information in Vietnamese Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Authors: Oanh Le Thi Tu , Bui Thi Ngoc , Tran Manh Dung
Published: November 2017

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam play an increasingly important role in the economy by the amount (representing 97.7% of Vietnam firms), contribute economic development and create more employment opportunities. However, because of economic crisis, financial downturn, unhealthy competitions, free trade agreements and others, the number of SMEs recently is downsizing in firm size, human resources and more and more SMEs go bankruptcy in the context of Vietnam. This situation may be due to the enterprise use ineffective management accounting tools.This article reviews and assesses the creation and use of management accounting information which has an important part to play with respect to planning, decision-making, monitoring and controlling of the activities of SMEs in Vietnam. Data collected from a posted survey of five enterprises with twenty two interviews of directors, chief accountants and management accountants. The results show that management accounting information has not really been interested from managers and accountants. Management accounting information is weak in quantity and poor in quality; administrators are operating firms primarily based on personal experiences. Therefore, management accounting information has not been promoted in the management, monitoring and decision making of SMEs in Vietnam. The addition of management accounting knowledge for managers and accountants is necessary for development of SMEs.
The effect of providing educational sessions about sexually transmitted diseases on knowledge and attitudes of secondary school students at Zagazig City
Authors: Mahmoud Samia Farouk , Ahmed Naeima Mohamed El-Sayed
Published: November 2017

Background and objective: Sexually Transmitted Diseases are a major health problem that affects mostly young people. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of providing educational sessions about Sexually Transmitted Diseases on knowledge and attitude of secondary school students.Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used in carrying out the study. The study was conducted at four governmental public secondary schools in Zagazig City, 367 secondary school students from the previously mentioned settings were included in the study. Two tools were used to collect necessary data: Tools (I): An interview questionnaire sheet; It was consisted of two parts: Part (A) entailed questions pertaining to socio demographic characteristics of the students, while part (B) included questions regarding student’s knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases. Tool (II): It was intended to assess student's attitude toward sexually transmitted diseases.Results: Pre, post and follow up students’ knowledge and attitude tests after sessions implementation revealed highly statistically significant improvement in students’ knowledge and attitudes (p < .001), which justified the research hypothesis.Conclusions: The educational sessions significantly brought out improvements in the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent students regarding sexually transmitted diseases. The study recommended an educational program about all types of sexually transmitted diseases to be included into the secondary school curriculum and media enlightenment campaigns about these diseases should also be emphasized.
Powerful Concentration of Rhodium in Plating Wastewater Using Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) and Study for Scale-up
Authors: Kato Takeshi , Saito Shotaro , Oshite Shigekatsu , Igarashi Shukuro
Published: November 2017

A powerful technique for the concentration of rhodium (Rh) in plating wastewater was developed. The technique entails complexing Rh with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) followed by homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HoLLE) with Zonyl FSA. The optimum HoLLE conditions were determined as follows: [ethanol]T = 30.0 vol.%, pH = 4.00, and Rh:PAN = 1:5. Under these optimum conditions, 88.1% of Rh was extracted into the sedimented liquid phase. After phase separation, the volume ratio [aqueous phase (Va) /sedimented liquid phase (Vs)] of Va and Vs was 1000 (50 mL → 0.050 mL). We then applied the new method to wastewater generated by the plating industry. The phase separation was satisfactorily achieved when the volume was scaled up to 1000 mL of the actual wastewater; 84.7% of Rh was extracted into the sedimented liquid phase. After phase separation, Va/Vs was 588 (1000 mL - 1.70 mL).
Evaluating Economic Mobility under Opportunity Egalitarianism
Authors: Abatemarco Antonio
Published: November 2017

While inter-generational income mobility is commonly understood to be socially desirable in that it promotes equality of life chances, social desirability of intra-generational income mobility is a much more controversial issue, which is known to be concerned with inequality and uncertainty effects, as well as aversion to income fluctuations. In this paper social welfare effects of intra-generational income mobility are investigated from the perspective of an opportunity egalitarian social planner. We show that, given the trade-off between inequality and uncertainty effects, social desirability of income mobility strongly depends on the characteristics of income switchings which are required to be rewarding the more deserving individuals and/or compensating the unluckier ones. In this sense, we suggest that egalitarianism of opportunity, more than aversion to intertemporal fluctuations, is crucial for motivating the optimality of empirically observed low degrees of income mobility as compared to perfect mobility processes (complete reversal).
Daders en herstel tijdens detentie: de cursussen Puinruimen, SOS en DAPPER
Authors: Zebel Sven , Vroom Marieke , Ufkes Elze
Published: November 2017

Offenders and restoration during detention: the restorative courses Puinruimen, SOS and DAPPER

The Dutch Custodial Institutions Agency (DJI) strives for a more restorative prison culture in the Netherlands, incorporating a more victim-oriented and restorative way of working in prisons. To this end, DJI has asked for a plan and process evaluation of three restorative courses among (juvenile and adult) prisoners in the Netherlands: Puinruimen, SOS and DAPPER. This article first offers an overview of the most important findings of this evaluation which was finalized in 2016. Based on the findings of the plan evaluation, a cautious yet clearly positive picture emerges of the design and substantiation of each of the three courses examined. That is, an extensive description and substantiation exists of each course. In addition, evidence exists in the (limited) scientific literature for one of the goals that each of these courses have formulated: to increase prisoners’ awareness of the consequences of crime for victims. The literature also suggests that creating trust among participants and a safe group process during the course is helpful in attaining the goals formulated. The process evaluation of the execution of the three courses in practice further strengthens the cautious, yet positive picture painted by the plan evaluation. An examination of the experiences of the courses’ participants lends further support to the observation that these courses can attain part of their goals. For example, after the course participants were more positive about the added value of victim-offender mediation for them personally than before.

Aside from these findings, this article also argues for a deeper consideration of the constructive roles that both emotions guilt and shame can play in the restorative process of prisoners during these courses. The article ends with a number of recommendations for restorative courses in prison and a sketch of the current state of affairs in the Netherlands regarding these courses.
Efeito do vínculo com um médico de família no controle da pressão arterial em hipertensos
Authors: Klafke Andre , Afanador Pineros Vaghetti Laura , Dias Costa Andre
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre vínculo com um médico de família e controle da pressão arterial em hipertensos de duas unidades de saúde de Porto Alegre, RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal com uma amostra aleatória de 128 hipertensos de 18 anos ou mais de duas unidades de saúde, nos quais foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar suas características e a presença ou não de vínculo com um médico de família, e aferidos pressão arterial, peso e altura, entre março e setembro de 2016. Foi realizada regressão de Poisson para controle de possíveis fatores de confusão entre vínculo e controle da pressão. Resultados: A população estudada era acompanhada pelas unidades em média há 15 anos, era predominantemente idosa, do sexo feminino, branca, com sobrepeso, não tabagista, sedentária, aderente ao tratamento, 68,0% possuíam vínculo com um médico e 61,7% estavam com a pressão controlada. A presença de vínculo com um médico foi associada a um controle da pressão arterial 48% maior, controlado para possíveis fatores de confusão. Conclusão: O vínculo com um médico é uma ferramenta de baixo custo que permite melhorar o controle pressórico em pacientes hipertensos – controle este importante para a redução das complicações cardiovasculares.
A incidência dos desastres naturais em Teresina, Piauí e o perfil da população vulnerável às inundações / The incidence of natural disasters in Teresina, State of Piauí and the profile of the population vulnerable to floods
Authors: Chaves Sammya Vanessa Vieira , Andrade Carlos Sait
Published: November 2017

Fenômenos de origem tectônica como terremotos e vulcões não são uma tendência natural no Brasil, mas registros de desastres resultantes de instabilidades atmosféricas, como secas, inundações e deslizamentos de terra são frequentes. A maioria dos desastres que ocorrem no Brasil está relacionada aos eventos naturais extremos associados ao avanço da degradação ambiental e à vulnerabilidade agravada pela ação humana (SOBRAL et al., 2010; MAFRA, MAZZOLA, 2007). Dentre os citados, as inundações são as mais recorrentes e provocam graves transtornos nos centros urbanos. Desta forma, pretendeu-se com essa pesquisa, caracterizar as áreas vulneráveis às inundações em Teresina, capital do Estado do Piauí, traçar o perfil socioeconômico da população afetada, caracterizar as condições geoambientais dessas áreas e analisar o papel do Estado frente ao evento materializado. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários nas áreas da cidade consideradas pela Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais (CPRM) como vulneráveis às inundações. Concluiu-se que a zona centro/norte é a mais vulnerável, por ser habitada por uma população de menor poder aquisitivo e por tratar-se de uma zona de ambiente frágil, com extensa área de largos terraços fluviais e lagoas plúvio-fluviais.

Palavras-chave: Desastres Naturais. Inundação. Vulnerabilidade. Teresina.

Abstract

Phenomena of tectonic origin such as earthquakes and volcanoes are not a natural tendency in Brazil, however, records of disasters resulting of atmospheric instabilities, like droughts, floods and landslides are frequent. Most disaster that occur in Brazil are related to extreme natural events associated to the advance of environmental degradation and vulnerability aggravated by human action (SOBRAL et al., 2010; MAFRA, MAZZOLA, 2007). Among the aforementioned, floods, or inundations, are the more recurrent and cause serious disorders in urban centers. Thus, we intended with this research to characterize the areas vulnerable to flooding in Teresina, capital of the State of Piauí, to draw the socioeconomic profile of the affected population, to characterize the geoenvironmental conditions of these areas and to analyze the role of the State in face of the materialized event. For this purpose, questionnaires were applied in areas of the city considered by the Mineral Resources Research Company (CPRM) as vulnerable to flooding. It was concluded that the central / northern zone is the most vulnerable, because it is inhabited by a population of lower purchasing power and because it is a fragile environment, with an extensive area of large river terraces and pluvial-fluvial lagoons.

Key Words: Natural disasters. Floods. Vulnerability. Teresina.
Srovnání obsahu vybraných kurikulárních dokumentů tělesné výchovy pro primární vzdělávání v Irsku, Nizozemsku a České republice
Authors: Habrdlová Martina , Lupač Michal , Vlček Petr
Published: November 2017

Studie se zabývá komparací současných kurikulárních dokumentů (zejména vzdělávacích programů) tělesné výchovy pro primární vzdělávání v České republice, Irsku a Nizozemsku. Studie nejprve uvádí čtenáře do širšího kontextu řešené problematiky. Následuje přehledová kapitola, ve které jsou specifikovány výzkumné cíle. Na tomto podkladě je dále popsána metodika srovnávání kurikulárních dokumentů. Následující část nabízí klíčové výsledky provedeného šetření, které byly interpretovány z pohledu revizí kurikula v České republice. Za zásadní pokládají autoři skutečnost, že české kurikulum nemá dostatečně provázané vzdělávací cíle a vzdělávací obsah a dále že cíle tělesné výchovy nejsou srozumitelně definované. Na základě těchto zjištění jsou nastíněna doporučení pro příští revize rámcových vzdělávacích programů.
Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Three Districts of Sindh in Pakistan
Authors: Farah Sharif  , Imtiaz Ahmad  , Rafia Rehana Ghazi
Published: November 2017

This study was conducted to record cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human beings from three districts i.e., Dadu, Hyderabad and Jamshoro in Sindh, Pakistan. A total number of 102 subjects of different age and sex groups were put under investigation. Ninety four (92.157%) were found positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The highest leishmaniasis infection (41%) was recorded in 21-30 years’ age group. The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis was higher in males, (56%) than in females, (44%). The active lesion was more frequent on face (35%), on legs (26%) and on hands (25%) than other exposed parts of the body. Forty five percent of cutaneous leishmaniasis case were recorded in Dadu, 35 percent in Hyderabad, and 20 percent in Jamshoro.
Are we immune by chance?
Authors: Graham Andrea L , Tate Ann T
Published: November 2017

The sooner the immune system launches, the greater the chances the host has of survival.
Musculoskeletal Disorders in Ophthalmologists After Simulated Cataract Operation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pearce Zachary D. , Zatkin Mathew A. , Bruner Jon
Published: November 2017

Context

Musculoskeletal disorders are a common problem among ophthalmologists, likely due to ergonomic challenges. Most research on the topic has been survey-based studies, which carry inherent weaknesses.

Objective

To examine the frequency and pattern of musculoskeletal dysfunction induced by performing a surgical procedure and to quantify the improvement after ergonomic interventions.

Methods

Ophthalmology residents from a single academic institution were invited to participate in the study on a volunteer basis. Preexisting musculoskeletal disorders; previous spinal, cervical, or shoulder surgery; or limited range of motion of the upper body or arms were exclusion criteria. The interventions consisted of a surgical simulation session and a control session, each lasting 2 hours. For the surgical simulation session, a musculoskeletal examination was performed at the beginning and end of the 2-hour session after the participants used the Eyesi Cataract Surgery Simulator (VRmagic). A musculoskeletal examination was performed by the palpatory screener (M.A.Z.) at the beginning and conclusion of the 2-hour control session, which consisted of both passive and active tasks. The musculoskeletal screener was blinded as to which session the participant was completing at the time of the examinations, as well as any musculoskeletal examination findings from before the intervention. All participants completed both sessions, but they were randomized into which session they were to complete first. Participants completed each session one after the other.

Results

Eight participants completed both sessions, and 32 musculoskeletal examinations were performed. In the surgical simulation session, after using the simulator, 5 of 8 participants had an increase in the number of spinal levels with tissue texture abnormalities, and 3 had no change. Of those in the control session, 5 participants had a decrease in the number of spinal levels with tissue texture abnormalities after a period of rest. Three participants in the control session had an increase in the number of affected spinal levels. The mean (SD) change in number of affected spinal levels in the surgical simulation session and control session was 1.3 (1.2) and −0.6 (2.0), respectively (P=.125). Age, sex, level of training, baseline somatic dysfunction, and which session was completed first did not affect results.

Conclusion

The majority of participants in the surgical simulation session had an increase in degree of somatic dysfunction, whereas the majority in the control session had a decrease in degree of somatic dysfunction. Although the sample size of this pilot study was too small to show statistical significance, a trend was observed, and further study is warranted.
Predictors of Osteopathic Medical Students’ Readiness to Use Health Information Technology
Authors: Jacobs Robin J. , Iqbal Hassan , Rana Arif M. , Rana Zaid , Kane Michael N.
Published: November 2017

Context

The advent of health information technology (HIT) tools can affect the practice of modern medicine in many ways, ideally by improving quality of care and efficiency and reducing medical errors. Future physicians will play a key role in the successful implementation of HIT. However, osteopathic medical students’ willingness to learn, adopt, and use technology in a health care setting is not well understood.

Objective

To understand osteopathic medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding HIT and to identify factors that may be related to their readiness to use HIT.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional approach, quantitative surveys were collected from students attending a large osteopathic medical school. Multivariate regression modeling was used to determine whether knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and personal characteristics were associated with students’ readiness to use HIT in future clinical practice.

Results

Six hundred four students responded to at least 70% of the survey and were included in the analysis. Multivariate modeling successfully explained the 26% of variance in predicting students’ readiness to use HIT (F
8,506=22.6, P<.001, R2=0.263). Greater self-efficacy, openness to change (in academic/work settings), favorable attitudes toward HIT use, mobile technology use, younger age, being male, and prior exposure to technology were associated with readiness to use HIT.

Conclusion

Understanding students’ level of HIT readiness may help guide medical education intervention efforts to better prepare future osteopathic physicians for HIT engagement and use. Innovative approaches to HIT education in medical school curricula that include biomedical informatics may be necessary.
Resoluciones de la asamblea general del Instituto Internacional de Prensa
Authors:   Instituto Internacional de Prensa
Published: November 2017

En los pasados dos años los terroristas y gobiernos que los apoyan han empleado una serie de tácticas destinadas a obstaculizar la cobertura independiente de eventos ocurridos en zonas riesgosas en momentos cruciales. En El Líbano 5 periodistas franceses, uno británico y uno americano siguen en cautiverio, algunos después de 15 meses. Los periodistas no habían incurrido jamás en incorrecciones profesionales o de otra naturaleza. Su cautiverio es producto de los cínicos cálculos de aquellos que no desean que la situación libanesa sea adecuadamente cubierta. La tragedia de los rehenes ha sido usada por los captores para presionar políticamente a los gobiernos occidentales...
Translational approaches to restoring mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mortiboys Heather , Macdonald Ruby , Payne Thomas , Sassani Matilde , Jenkins Thomas , Bandmann Oliver
Published: November 2017

There is strong evidence of a key role for mitochondrial dysfunction in both sporadic and all forms of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). However, none of the clinical trials carried out with putative mitochondrial rescue agents have been successful. Firm establishment of a wet biomarker or a reliable readout from imaging studies detecting mitochondrial dysfunction and reflecting disease progression is also awaited. We will provide an overview of our current knowledge about mitochondrial dysfunction in PD and related drug screens. We will also summarise previously undertaken mitochondrial wet biomarker studies and relevant imaging studies with particular focus on 31P‐MRI spectroscopy. We will conclude with an overview of clinical trials which tested putative mitochondrial rescue agents in PD patients.
Comment on “Parametric Instability Induced by X‐Mode Wave Heating at EISCAT” by Wang et al. (2016)
Authors: Blagoveshchenskaya N. F. , Borisova T. D. , Yeoman T. K.
Published: November 2017

In their recent article Wang et al. (2016) analyzed observations from EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter) Scientific Association Russian X‐mode heating experiments and claimed to explain the potential mechanisms for the parametric decay instability (PDI) and oscillating two‐stream instability (OTSI). Wang et al. (2016) claim that they cannot separate the HF‐enhanced plasma and ion lines excited by O or X mode in the EISCAT UHF radar spectra. Because of this they distinguished the parametric instability excited by O‐/X‐mode heating waves according to their different excitation heights. Their reflection heights were determined from ionosonde records, which provide a rough measure of excitation altitudes and cannot be used for the separation of the O‐ and X‐mode effects. The serious limitation in their analysis is the use of a 30 s integration time of the UHF radar data. There are also serious disagreements between their analysis and the real observational facts. The fact is that it is the radical difference in the behavior of the X‐ and O‐mode plasma and ion line spectra derived with a 5 s resolution, which provides the correct separation of the X‐ and O‐mode effects. It is not discussed and explained how the parallel component of the electric field under X‐mode heating is generated. Apart from the leakage to the O mode, results by Wang et al. (2016) do not explain the potential mechanisms for PDI and OTSI and add nothing to understanding the physical factors accounting for the parametric instability generated by an X‐mode HF pump wave.
First Study on the Occurrence Frequency of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles over West Africa Using an All‐Sky Airglow Imager and GNSS Receivers
Authors: Okoh Daniel , Rabiu Babatunde , Shiokawa Kazuo , Otsuka Yuichi , Segun Bolaji , Falayi Elijah , Onwuneme Sylvester , Kaka Rafiat
Published: November 2017

This is the first paper that reports the occurrence frequency of equatorial plasma bubbles and their dependences of local time, season, and geomagnetic activity based on airglow imaging observations at West Africa. The all‐sky imager, situated in Abuja (Geographic: 8.99°N, 7.38°E; Geomagnetic: 1.60°S), has a 180° fisheye view covering almost the entire airspace of Nigeria. Plasma bubbles are observed for 70 nights of the 147 clear‐sky nights from 9 June 2015 to 31 January 2017. Differences between nighttime and daytime ROTIs were also computed as a proxy of plasma bubbles using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers within the coverage of the all‐sky imager. Most plasma bubble occurrences are found during equinoxes and least occurrences during solstices. The occurrence rate of plasma bubbles was highest around local midnight and lower for hours farther away. Most of the postmidnight plasma bubbles were observed around the months of December to March, a period that coincides with the harmattan period in Nigeria. The on/off status of plasma bubble in airglow and GNSS observations were in agreement for 67.2% of the total 768 h, while we suggest several reasons responsible for the remaining 32.8% when the airglow and GNSS bubble status are inconsistent. A majority of the plasma bubbles were observed under relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions (Dst ≥ −40 and Kp ≤ 3), but there was no significant pattern observed in the occurrence rate of plasma bubbles as a function of geomagnetic activity. We suggest that geomagnetic activities could have either suppressed or promoted the occurrence of plasma bubbles.
Statistical Study on Variations of the Ionospheric Ion Density Observed by DEMETER and Related to Seismic Activities
Authors: Yan Rui , Parrot Michel , Pinçon Jean‐Louis
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we present the result of a statistical study performed on the ionospheric ion density variations above areas of seismic activity. The ion density was observed by the low altitude satellite DEMETER between 2004 and 2010. In the statistical analysis a superposed epoch method is used where the observed ionospheric ion density close to the epicenters both in space and in time is compared to background values recorded at the same location and in the same conditions. Data associated with aftershocks have been carefully removed from the database to prevent spurious effects on the statistics. It is shown that, during nighttime, anomalous ionospheric perturbations related to earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 5 are evidenced. At the time of these perturbations the background ion fluctuation departs from a normal distribution. They occur up to 200 km from the epicenters and mainly 5 days before the earthquakes. As expected, an ion density perturbation occurring just after the earthquakes and close to the epicenters is also evidenced.
The Initial Development of Transient Volcanic Plumes as a Function of Source Conditions
Authors: Tournigand Pierre‐Yves , Taddeucci Jacopo , Gaudin Damien , Peña Fernández Juan José , Del Bello Elisabetta , Scarlato Piergiorgio , Kueppers Ulrich , Sesterhenn Jörn , Yokoo Akihiko
Published: November 2017

Transient volcanic plumes, having similar eruption duration and rise timescales, characterize many unsteady Strombolian to Vulcanian eruptions. Despite being more common, such plumes are less studied than their steady state counterpart from stronger eruptions. Here we investigate the initial dynamics of transient volcanic plumes using high‐speed (visible light and thermal) and high‐resolution (visible light) videos from Strombolian to Vulcanian eruptions of Stromboli (Italy), Fuego (Guatemala), and Sakurajima (Japan) volcanoes. Physical parameterization of the plumes has been performed by defining their front velocity, velocity field, volume, and apparent surface temperature. We also characterized the ejection of the gas‐pyroclast mixture at the vent, in terms of number, location, duration, and frequency of individual ejection pulses and of time‐resolved mass eruption rate of the ejecta's ash fraction. Front velocity evolves along two distinct trends related to the initial gas‐thrust phase and later buoyant phase. Plumes' velocity field, obtained via optical flow analysis, highlights different features, including initial jets and the formation and/or merging of ring vortexes at different scales. Plume volume increases over time following a power law trend common to all volcanoes and affected by discharge history at the vent. Time‐resolved ash eruption rates range between 102 and 107 kg/s and may vary up to 2 orders of magnitude within the first seconds of eruption. Our results help detailing how the number, location, angle, duration, velocity, and time interval between ejection pulses at the vents crucially control the initial (first tens of second), and possibly later, evolution of transient volcanic plumes.