bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voar é com os pássaros de Robert Altman: Inconformismo e mercado no cinema norte-americano dos anos 70
Authors: Soares Marcos César de Paula
Published: December 2016

Este artigo discute o filme Voar é com os pássaros (1971) do diretor norte-americano Robert Altman como reflexão sobre as confluências entre as inovações da geração de jovens diretores da chamada “Renascença Americana” dos início dos anos 70 e o aproveitamento comercial dessas inovações “rebeldes” dentro de um quadro de crise da produção cinematográfica industrial do período.
Hybrid variations on a documentary theme
Authors: Stam Robert
Published: December 2016

Although often assumed to be polar opposites, documentary and fiction are in fact theoretically and practically intermeshed, just as history and fiction, also conventually seen as opposites, are symbiotically connected. Historian Hayden White argued in Metahistory that the myth/history distinction was arbitrary and of recent invention. In words that apply to film as well as to writing, White pointed out that it matters little whether the world that is conveyed to the reader/spectator is conceived to be real or imagined; the manner of making discursive sense of it through tropes and emplotment is identical (WHITE, 1973). In this article, we will examine the ways that the hybridization of documentary and fiction has been mobilized as a radical aesthetic resource.
O Don Quixote de Orson Welles: história e reconstrução
Authors: Muller Adalberto
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho é resultado de uma extensa pesquisa em bibliotecas e arquivos, visando entender a história da produção e os desdobramentos do filme inacabado Don Quixote (1954-1985) de Orson Welles. O trabalho se compõe de quatro partes: na primeira, situamos o Don Quixote no conjunto da obra de Welles, e em relação ao clássico de Cervantes, a partir dos conceitos de autor e de tradução; na segunda parte, apresentamos a história dos mais de trinta anos em que o filme foi sendo produzido; na terceira, propomos uma reconstrução textual e filológica, visando fundamentar uma futura restauração do filme; a quarta parte é uma conclusão com algumas propostas.
Os anos 1960 em revisão: um depoimento de Maurice Capovilla
Authors: Cardenuto Reinaldo
Published: December 2016

Atuando principalmente como diretor e roteirista, Maurice Capovilla iniciou a sua trajetória com os documentários políticos Meninos do Tietê (1963) e Subterrâneos do futebol (1964). Em 1967, estreou na direção de longas-metragens com o filme Bebel, garota propaganda. Desde então, realizou inúmeras obras para cinema, a exemplo de O profeta da fome (1969), O jogo da vida (1977), Harmada (2003) e Nervos de aço (2011). Em sua passagem pela televisão, dirigiu para a rede Globo documentários como Bahia de todos os santos (1974), O último dia de Lampião (1975) e Os homens verdes da noite (1977). Para a Bandeirantes, realizou alguns telefilmes, dentre eles A mulher diaba (1980) e O boi misterioso e o vaqueiro menino (1980).
￼A face do cinema no tecido urbano em "Os cinemas de Lisboa – um fenómeno urbano do século XX"
Authors: Amaral Carolina Oliveira do
Published: December 2016

Resenha de:

ACCIAIUOLI, Margarida. Os cinemas de Lisboa – um fenómeno urbano do século XX. Lisboa: Bizâncio, 2012.
Modos de ver e viver o cinema: etnografia da recepção fílmica e seus desafios
Authors: Souza Maria luiza rodrigues
Published: December 2016

O cinema pode ser objeto de estudo antropológico pelo menos de três formas: visando compreender a esfera da produção cinematográfica; por meio de uma antropologia da narrativa e das representações fílmicas; ou ainda através de estudos sobre a recepção das obras. Considerando que estas possibilidades podem se mesclar este trabalho discute a recepção fílmica e seus desafios para uma etnografia do cinema tal como este é percebido pelas assistências. As perguntas centrais dizem respeito a como o cinema é vivido e compreendido por sujeitos que ocupam distintas posições sociais. Trata- se de compreender não o filme em si, mas como a narrativa fílmica é significada por quem a assiste. O presente trabalho enfoca questões sobre o que fazer numa pesquisa que pretenda desenvolver uma etnografia sobre a interpretação da narrativa fílmica pelo público frequentador de cinema, indagando quais as relações entre o método etnográfico e as metodologias empregadas nos estudos de recepção cinematográfica. Como a abordagem antropológica pode contribuir para pesquisas sobre a forma como as imagens, sons e narrativas fílmicas são (res)significadas? Para discutir as questões propostas serão apresentados resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa em andamento a respeito das opiniões, comportamentos e percepções de um grupo heterogêneo de pessoas a respeito de filmes.
“ROCINHA 77” VS “VIDA NOVA SEM FAVELA” Uma leitura ética da tradição dos “documentários de favela”
Authors: Sousa Simplicio Neto Ramos de
Published: December 2016

: Trata-se uma leitura axiográfica de dois documentários brasileiros de diferentes épocas, estilos e modos de produção. A Axiografia é uma disciplina proposta pelo teórico americano Bill Nichols, É uma comparação entre as escolhas estéticas, tais como o enquadramento, ou a narração, e suas implicações éticas. Analisaremos “Vida Nova na Favela” (1971), produção da Agência Nacional, escolhido como exemplo do filme institucional, associado a uma vertente clássica do documentário e um exemplo da ideologia “remocionista” em relação à favela, orientada a direita do espectro político de seu tempo. Em contraponto, teremos “Rocinha 77” (1977) de Sérgio Péo, exemplo de uma estética mais experimental, produção independente que assume uma ideologia totalmente contrária a remoção das favelas, orientada a esquerda, a favor da valorização estética urbanístico arquitetônica da favela. A questão principal é: que sistemas axiográficos estão contidos nesses dois filmes e como eles se contrapõem?
Rastros de sobrevivência no documentário brasileiro pós-64
Authors: SARMENRTO-PANTOJA Carlos Augusto Nascimento
Published: December 2016

Este estudo discute de que modo podemos conceber a sobrevivência após experiências traumáticas vividas por militantes políticos que lutaram contra a ditadura civil-militar brasileira pós-1964 e estiveram literalmente dentro do olho do furacão. A sobrevivência em si traz questões ambíguas em relação à construção dos testemunhos e, por isso, devem ser estudadas em seus pormenores. Utilizaremos para nossas análises dois documentários produzidos após a abertura política no Brasil, o primeiro de 1989, Que bom te ver viva, de Lúcia Murat e o segundo de 2003 e No olho do furacão, de Renato Tapajós e Tony Venturi. Entre aspectos destacados temos as formas estéticas dos filmes e a presença do narrador/personagem/testemunho.
Reproduções do cinema e do rádio em Kansas City, de Robert Altman
Authors: Tanaka Elder Kôei Itikawa
Published: December 2016

Esse artigo discute Kansas City (Robert Altman, 1996) a fim de observar como a imitação dos modelos da indústria cultural se configura nos personagens Johnny O’Hara e Blondie, e quais as a relações dessa imitação com as teorias de Guy Debord sobre a sociedade do espetáculo. Também comparamos o filme Hold Your Man (1933), de Sam Wood (1883-1949) com Kansas City, analisando semelhanças e diferenças entre ambos.
Entre a cavação e o ato de documentar: os limites da produção de filmes em São Paulo nos anos 20 e 30
Authors: Santos Márcia Juliana
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a atividade cinematográfica e as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos cinegrafistas e produtores de filmes que atuavam em São Paulo nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Nesse período, a produção fílmica não ficcional, conhecida como natural, se intensificou. Isso ocorreu, em parte, para atender a uma demanda de propaganda do governo e de uma elite econômica que tinham necessidades de registrar símbolos e práticas de poder. Partimos da experiência e dos saberes de alguns cinegrafistas brasileiros e estrangeiros para identificar referenciais técnicos, culturais e sociais pontuados em alguns filmes aqui apreciados. Entrevistas, relatos, memórias, sequências de filmes, críticas e textos de jornais e revistas forneceram pistas para seguir os percursos desses cinegrafistas, muitas vezes chamados pelos críticos da época como “cavadores”. Confrontamos os discursos dos críticos e dos próprios cinegrafistas para entender a formação do cinema em São Paulo e, ao mesmo tempo, identificar as dificuldades técnicas, perpassando pela ausência de financiamento sistemático até a falta de mercado distribuidor.
￼Ver e ouvir Martel
Authors: Prysthon Ângela
Published: December 2016

Resenha de:

￼BARRENHA, Natalia Christofoletti. A experiência do cinema de Lucrecia Martel: resíduos do tempo e sons à beira da piscina. São Paulo: Alameda Editorial, 2013.
Pequenas histórias face à grande História
Authors: Maia Carla
Published: December 2016

A partir de quatro documentários brasileiros recentes, Diário de uma busca (Flávia Castro, 2010), Marighella (Isa Grispum Ferraz, 2012), Os dias com ele (Maria Clara Escobar, 2013) e Em busca de Iara (Mariana Pamplona e Flávio Frederico, 2014), o artigo propõe um exercício de análise comparada, que parte das proximidades temáticas – todos abordam o período da ditadura militar através de uma mirada pessoal e afetiva – em direção às especificidades formais de cada filme. O método comparativo pretende notar como um mesmo recurso expressivo pode assumir aspectos e funções distintas, buscando avançar na reflexão acerca dos modos de articulação entre estética e política no cinema.
A leitura figurativa do Movimento Armorial a partir da significação da vinheta de abertura de A Pedra do Reino (2007)
Authors: Guzzi Cristiane Passafaro , Gandini Baldan Maria de Lourdes Ortiz
Published: December 2016

Pretende-se, com este artigo, a partir da significação apreendida na vinheta de abertura da minissérie A Pedra do Reino (2007), do diretor Luiz Fernando Carvalho, delinear de que modo determinadas características exploradas pelo Movimento Armorial foram revestidas na transposição imagética do Romance D’ A Pedra do Reino e o Príncipe do Sangue do Vai-e-Volta (1970), do escritor Ariano Suassuna.
Los amantes pasajeros: An Update on Almodóvar’s Trans-Border Cinema
Authors: D'Lugo Marvin
Published: December 2016

Los amantes pasajeros (2013) comes at a difficult moment in Almodóvar’s career, when his cinema appears disengaged from his local Spanish audience and when critics and viewers abroad have responded tepidly to his more recent films. In an effort to repair these audience links, the film mobilizes a dense textual layering and allusions that incorporate into a contemporary comedy Spanish nostalgic tropes from Almodóvar’s past, almost as if the authorial Almodóvar were spoofing an Almodóvar comedy. Characters and dialogue evoke the effervescent years of sexual freedom of the early post-Franco transition, the very years of the filmmaker’s meteoric rise to celebrity. Along with this local address, one of the film’s central aesthetic and cultural premises is the borderless contiguity between Spain and Mexico, the latter serving as a synecdoche for Latin America. Through intertextual associations, the film emphasizes the notion of Almodóvar’s cinema as a trans-border Hispanic phenomenon. It is, in fact, this deterritorialized pan-Latino audience to which his production company, El Deseo and Almodóvar have addressed their attention over the past decade. Los amantes pasajeros thus represents a crucial but illuminating self-referential pause in Almodóvar’s development, a film that underscores the return of his cinema to his Spanish roots in an immediately recognizable way, and which also reminds audiences of the ways his films have moved from their origin as a local Spanish phenomenon to an authentic transnational, trans- border object.
Shot by Bang. Fotografia: imagem em movimento
Authors: Cohn Greice
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tece uma análise sobre a instalação Bang, da artista Ana Vitória Mussi, sob o ponto de vista dos diálogos ali estabelecidos entre o cinema, a fotografia e a arte contemporânea. Bang faz parte de um conjunto de obras que compõem outra história do cinema, paralela à da forma cinematográfica caracterizada pelo modelo representativo/narrativo/industrial tradicional, complexificando as relações entre cinema, fotografia, história e artes plásticas, e com isso, propondo novas posturas ao seu espectador. Recorremos nessa análise a teóricos das diferentes áreas citadas, com vistas a uma reflexão sobre os modos de apresentação das videoinstalações contemporâneas.
Para deixar de lado o complexo de coitadinhos: Prala entrevista Paulo Antonio Paranaguá
Authors: Nuñez Fabián , Tavares Denise , Garcia Estevão , Bragança Maurício , Baltar Mariana , Amâncio Antônio Carlos Tunico
Published: December 2016

Por ocasião do congresso anual da SOCINE, realizado em Fortaleza, em outubro de 2014, seis pesquisadores vinculados à Prala (Plataforma de Re- flexão sobre o Audiovisual Latino Americano) - grupo de pesquisas situado na UFF que se dedica especialmente ao desenvolvimento de estudos com- parados sobre o cinema latino - aproveitaram o encontro para entabular um diálogo com o crítico e pesquisador Paulo Antonio Paranaguá.
A Enciclopédia Ashgate de Monstros Literários e Cinematográficos
Authors: Reis Filho Lúcio
Published: December 2016

Resenha de:

WEINSTOCK, Jeffrey Andrew. The Ashgate Encyclopedia of literary and cinematic monsters. Dorchester: Ashgate Publishing, 2014.
￼O Estilo Sergio Leone no faroeste italiano
Authors: Falcão Filipe
Published: December 2016

Resenha de:

CARREIRO, Rodrigo. Era uma vez no spaghetti western - O estilo de Sergio Leone. São José dos Pinhais, PR: Editora Estronho, 2014, 304 p.
O som do documentário: uma análise da narrativa biográfica de Coração Vagabundo
Authors: Carvalho Márcia
Published: December 2016

Este artigo pretende realizar a escuta do documentário Coração Vagabundo (2008) dirigido por Fernando Grostein de Andrade. A produção é um registro da turnê do álbum “A Foreign Sound” (2004), com um repertório variado de músicas norte-americanas, cujo show de lançamento é apresentado em Nova York, no emblemático Carnegie Hall. O filme não se apresenta como um documentário biográfico convencional, mas por abordar um trecho da história de vida de Caetano Veloso, acaba por deixar escapar vestígios da história do artista que com a sua presença e voz comanda o foco narrativo do documentário.
The key challenges of corporate governance of firms: Empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan African anglophone (SSAA) countries
Authors: Afolabi Adeoye Amuda
Published: December 2016

This paper uses empirical evidence to identify views about the important components of good corporate governance practice for listed firms in Sub-Saharan African Anglophone countries. This study used survey questionnaire based on international corporate governance norms, data were collected from listed firms in Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa. The findings include: In Ghanaian and South African firms there are evidence that regulatory framework and enforcement of corporate governance promote sound corporate governance system. This study revealed that commitment of board of directors to disclosure and communication may provide effective corporate practices. Political environment and ownership structure of firms’ hinder sound corporate governance practices. Accounting system operating in each country plays a vital role in promoting sound corporate governance system. However, societal, cultural and corruption seem to deter corporate governance system in Ghanaian and South African firms. We recommend that there should be prudent monitoring of corporate governance rules and enforcement.
The resource-based theory and its adherence to a superior performance strategy: An analysis in small companies in Brazil.
Authors: Figueiroa Zica Roberto Marinho , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto , Martins Henrique Cordeiro , Gonçalves Marcio Augusto
Published: December 2016

This article aims to present cases where the adoption of emphasis on the strategy implementation in micro and small firms within the dominant paradigm of the Resource-Based View theory, a functionalist explanatory model, which reproduces sense making for superior and sustainable performance in high competitiveness sectors . According to Barney (1991), a response to superior performance is causal support within the Resource-Based View, later raised to the status of Resource-Based Theory. This theory is a superior explanatory basic model that explains that a firm’s performance can be explained by the way its remarkable resources are managed. This understanding guides the managers’ strategic thinking and explains why firms can, over time, expand markets, strengthen the brand, achieve higher profits and maintain competitive advantages, while others do not get the same success, even acting within the same industry. The research was qualitative through interviews of the firms’ leaders, using the method of multiple cases in micro and small firms of the industry, trade, services and agribusiness sector. As a contribution, the work identified that the strategy practices have a connection with the RBV theory and principles of emphasis on inside out management based on the VRIO theory (resources that are: Valuable, Rare, of difficult Imitation and can rely on Organization to effective management).
Belépés Jelszóval! Online világok és kutatási módszereik
Authors: Tóth Tamás
Published: December 2016

Recenzió a Replika folyóirat 90-91. számáról. Szerkesztette: Farkas Judit és Lajos Veronika

(Budapest, Replika Alapítvány, 2015)
Climate refugees as the next era in globalisation process and the ground for re-shaping of world (dis)order
Authors: Dujic Ivan
Published: December 2016

In a fast-changing world, the process of globalisation imposes a long-term
task: how to maintain or re-shape the existing world (dis)order. The aim of
this paper is to point to the emergence of climate refugees in the context of
refugee problems in general. The common denominator of all refugees is a risk
of disrupting relationships and gradually undermining co-operation among
states. This paper, however, emphasises the positive role of refugees in
strengthening and revalorising of multiculturalism in the existing societies
and states, as well as their contribution to the continuous process of
globalisation. The second aim of the paper is to indicate the absence of the
full authority of international organisations as decision-making centres. The
important question and an acute problem as well, refer to the way in which
societies and states, including Serbia, could be preserved as a historical
outcome of the emergence of climate refugees who threaten, more than others,
to destabilise their social structure.
(Un)limited influence of Germany in Eurozone: Survival of common currency from the perspective of historical institutionalism
Authors: Dabic Dragana
Published: December 2016

The author draws on the insights of the theoretical framework of historical
institutionalism, to assert that the German government is to a greater extent
limited by its membership in the Eurozone, than it is usually pointed out in
the analysis of its dominance. Above mentioned, is particularly evident when
taking into consideration the relations of the economically most powerful
member of the European Union and increasingly powerful European Central Bank.
During the formative phase of the Economic and Monetary Union, Germany has
facilitated the inclusion of assumptions relating to the widest range of
independence of the European Central Bank into the Founding Treaty. By doing
so, it has overlooked the possibility, that at the crucial moment of economic
crisis, the European Central Bank will use its autonomy to pursue what is in
the best interest of the Eurozone, contrary to the interests of the strongest
economy of the block. The purpose of the analysis of the selected anti-crisis
measures is to draw attention towards the ability of the institutional system
that supports the common currency to adapt to external shocks, including the
ways in which supranational technocratic institutions are broadening their
competences. The end result, of the crisis driven multilayer process of
institutional adjustment, is a gradual, but insufficiently transparent,
centralization of economic governance in the Eurozone.
Finlandization as a model of neutrality of small states
Authors: Trapara Vladimir
Published: December 2016

The paper analyses finlandization as one of the models of neutrality of the
small states in great powers conflicts. From the characteristics of Finland?s
neutrality during the Cold War, the author derives elements for the
definition of finlandization, and determines necessary conditions for its
feasibility. Also, the differences between finlandization and other models of
neutrality of the small states (?buffer? state and ?grey zone?) are
determined, while the model itself is connected to several dichotomies of
neutrality (neutrality in war and peace, military and political, permanent
and ad hoc, guaranteed and unilateral, de jure and de facto, active and
passive). Besides Finland, several auxiliary cases are tested: Yugoslavia on
the eve of the Second World War, Denmark and Sweden during the war,
contemporary Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Serbia. The conclusion is that the
successful case of Finland?s neutrality during the Cold War offers good
lessons for the foreign policy of any small states which end up in a sphere
of influence of the great power with which it has a conflict of national
interests.
Influence of decisions of some typical international organizations to the development of international law: The case of the united nations
Authors: Miscevic Tanja
Published: December 2016

In the theory and practice of international law has long been present a
debate on the ability of international organizations to influence the
decisions in the process of creating international law. It is undisputed that
the decisions of international organizations have an increasingly important
position, but the debates about the law constituting role of these
organizations in the contemporary international law are still alive. There is
no consent, and certainly, the widest debates are provoked by the decisions
of the international organization of a universal character - the United
Nations. A key task of our research will be to analyze the decision-making
practice within the United Nations and to determine, by the comparison of the
different arguments of international law schools of thought, the impact that
this organization has on the creation of international law. Also, we will try
to investigate whether the decisions taken in the framework of international
organizations carry within them a little more than ?moral and political
force?, but also to check the achievements of the so-called soft law (soft
law).
Rhexis fixation of intraocular lens in a case of buphthalmos with cataract
Authors: Gupta Parul Chawla , Singh Rishi Raj , Pandav Surinder Singh , Ram Jagat
Published: December 2016

We describe a case of buphthalmos and coexisting cataract undergoing clear corneal phacoemulsification where a routinely available, normal sized lens was implanted using the novel technique of ‘Rhexis fixation of IOL’.Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 71-73
Bilateral lateral rectus recession in exotropic Duane syndrome with downshoot
Authors: Gurung Chandra Maya , Ganesh Suma , Shrestha Pawan
Published: December 2016

Objective: To report that maximum weakening of lateral rectus muscles can improve significant exotropia in primary position, abnormal head posture, retraction, narrowing of palpebral fissure and downshoot in exotropic duannes retraction syndrome. Case: A 12-year-old boy with exotropic Duane syndrome presented with downshoot and globe retraction in attempted adduction. Squint surgery was undertaken to correct the alignment and treat the secondary aberrant movements doing maximum weakening of the lateral rectus muscles by hang- back method. At 6 months follow up visit, there was improvement in abnormal head posture, reduction of ocular deviation with downshoot and stereoacuity. Conclusion: Supramaximal recession of lateral rectus muscles can correct exotropia with down shoot in a patient with Duane retraction syndrome. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 74-77
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with retrobulbar neuritis
Authors: Singh Pranisha , Karmacharya Srijana , Rizyal Aparna , Rijal A P
Published: December 2016

Background: Retrobulbar neuritis in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) has been reported very rarely. Objective: To report a very rare case of HZO with retrobulbar neuritis with detailed clinical features and treatment responses. Case: A fifty-eight- year old male presented with Herpes zoster-retrobulbarneuritis in the left eye. It was characterized by decreased visual acuity, mid dilated pupil with sluggish reaction, normal optic disc and central scotoma in Humphrey visual field. Visual acuity improved with systemic Acyclovir and steroids. Conclusion: This is a rare case of HZO associated with retrobulbar neuritis. Prompt treatment with systemic antiviral and steroid improve the visual outcome. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 78-81
Etiopathogenetic patterns of blepharoptosis in Western Nepal : an Overview
Authors: Gautam Pragati , Adhikari Risihant , Sharma Basanta Raj
Published: December 2016

Background: The clinical picture of blepharoptosis varies from a cosmetic problem to severe visual dysfunction depending on the pathogenesis and the degree of ptosis. Objective: To study the type, pattern and causes of ptosis in patients seeking oculopastic care in western Terai of Nepal Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive hospital based was carried out over a period of 2 years in oculoplastic clinic in Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairahawa. Demographic variables including the age of the patient, gender, laterality of the eye(s), visual acuity, presence of refractive error and or amblyopia, type of ptosis and previous ptosis surgery were recorded. Results: There were altogether 326 patients of ptosis during the 2 year-period. Congenital ptosis presented early the mean age being 23(SD ±9.91) years. Acquired ptosis presented late with the mean age of 35(SD± 14.98) years. Congenital ptosis was more common (52%) compared to acquired ptosis (48%). 4.7% of congenital ptosis had amblyopia. Among all ptosis patients, myogenic cause of ptosis was the commonest followed by mechanical, aponeurotic, traumatic and neurogenic. Simple congenital ptosis was the commonest, and among acquired ptosis, mechanical ptosis was the commonest. Most of the ptosis was unilateral (87.7%) regardless of its onset either congenital or acquired. Regarding the severity of ptosis, mild ptosis was the commonest. Conclusion: Ptosis was the 3rd most common lid condition in oculoplastic clinic presentation after entropion and chalazion. Simple congenital ptosis was the commonest form of ptosis. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 36-40
Visual outcome and early complications of sutureless and glueless scleral fixated intraocular lens
Authors: Agarwal Lalit , Agarwal Nisha , Gurung Rajya Laxmi , Chaubey Rahul , Jha Bhaskar Kumar , Chaudhary Bishwa Pratap
Published: December 2016

Introduction: In the absence of capsular support, anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), iris fixated IOL and sutured scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation have been performed for many years. Recently sutureless glued SFIOL have been used as a primary or secondary procedure to correct aphakia. In this study we have used sutureless and glueless technique of SFIOL implantation. Methodology: An interventional case series was conducted. Aphakic patients without capsular support, sub-luxated lens (>180°), dislocated lens and dislocated IOL were the inclusion criteria. The patients with hazy cornea, non-dilating pupil, macular scar and glaucoma were not enrolled in the study. Results: Of 62 eyes who completed 1 month follow- up, 48 were men and 14 women. There was a significant improvement in uncorrected distance visual acuity after surgery (p<0.001). One month postoperative best corrected distance visual acuity was 6/18 or better in 45 eyes (72.6%). The common early postoperative complications were hypotony, corneal edema. No serious complications such as endophthalmitis and retinal detachment were seen. Conclusion: Our technique of sutureless and glueless SFIOL implantation showed good visual outcome in the absence of serious complications. SFIOL will be the only choice in eyes that have anatomic contraindications like non constricting pupil, large sectoral iridectomy and peripheral anterior synechia in which other types of lens are not suitable.Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 41-46
Collagen cross-linking in recalcitrant corneal ulcers: A case series
Authors: Agrawal Nisha , Singh S K
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Corneal ulcer is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Many of these patients don’t respond to conventional treatment with topical agents. Collagen cross-linking (CXL) has been suggested to avoid complications requiring emergency keratoplasty. Subjects and methods: Six eyes with presumed bacterial keratitis not responding to conventional treatment underwent CXL with ultraviolet A rays and transepithelial riboflavin. Patients with Descematocele and perforated ulcers were excluded. Preoperatively and postoperatively slit lamp examination of cornea and visual acuity recording was done. Postoperative outcome included subjective symptoms like relief in pain, photophobia, lacrimation and objective signs like improvement in epithelisation, corneal scarring with vascularisation. Results: Four of the six eyes healed completely with scarring at 2 months follow-up. One of the patients developed Descematocele on 12 days which perforated later. Other patient developed Descematocele on 20 days post CXL. Of the subjective symptoms, pain and epiphora improved in all the patients except one. Photophobia improved only a week after CXL in four out of six patients. Epithelial defect completely healed over time in four out of six cases. All the cases who responded to treatment developed superficial and deep vascularisation of the cornea. Decrease in corneal edema and scarring was noted in four out of the six cases. Conclusion: The collagen cross-linking has a beneficial role as an adjuvant to medical therapy in recalcitrant bacterial keratitis. It helps in relief of pain and healing of ulcer. Larger randomized control trails with longer follow-up are required to come to a definite conclusion. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2016; 8(15): 47-53
Plagiarism: Threat to Intellectual Right in Biomedical Journalism
Authors: Bajracharya Manish
Published: December 2016

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.5
Frictional Resistance in Various Ceramic Brackets using Archwires of different Alloys, Sizes and Cross sections: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bahadur Yash Raj , Agarwal Deepak Kumar , Gupta Ankur , Prasad P Narayana
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Friction at the bracket-archwire interface has been observed as one of the most important factors affecting tooth movement. Hence it is importance to assess the friction generated during tooth movement to bring about optimal treatment results.Objective: To compare the frictional resistance of various ceramic brackets using different archwires, and to compare the static and kinetic frictional force of various ceramic brackets using different archwires.Materials & Method: The present study evaluated and compared the friction generated at the bracket archwire interface when 0.018” and 0.019”x0.025” stainless steel archwires and 0.019”x0.025” teflon coated stainless steel archwires were moved through conventionally ligated, passive self-ligating and interactive self-ligating ceramic brackets. The static and kinetic frictional forces were also evaluated and compared.Result:  Highly significant differences in kinetic (p<0.001) and static (p<0.001) frictional forces were observed in all three groups when used with the different archwires. On comparing the static and kinetic frictional forces significant differences were observed among all three groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: The passive self-ligating brackets produce the least frictional forces when compared to interactive self-ligating and conventionally ligated brackets. Also, the static frictional forces were found to be more as compared to kinetic frictional forces.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.18-22
Oral Health Status in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliance with Molar Bands and Bonded Tubes
Authors: Shrestha Sandhya , Sharma Anuj Kumar , Lamichhane Bikash
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Studies on effect of orthodontic treatment on oral health are found in ample and have demonstrated a causeeffect relationship. Many comparative studies on molar bands and bonded tubes have shown that, former are detrimental for periodontal health. However there are evidences of bonded molar tubes with high failure rates and causative of gingivitis.Objective: To assess the effect of molar bands and bonded tubes on periodontal health of the Nepalese orthodontic patients.Materials & Method: A total of 112 orthodontic patients aged between 13-30 years were assessed for Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Calculus Index and pocket depth on upper first molars with cemented bands and bondable tubes. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test to find the association between cemented molar bands and bonded molar tubes to periodontal status. Level of significance was set at p<0.05.Result: Very few orthodontic patients showed poor plaque accumulation sore, severe gingivitis and calculus deposits. Contrarily, 17% patients showed deeper periodontal pockets. The Gingival Index showed significant association between cemented molar band and bonded molar tube groups (p=0.001).Conclusion: Oral health is an important concern in fixed orthodontic patients. Use of both molar band and molar tube can cause progression of gingivitis. There is no significant change in periodontal health parameters in using cemented bands or bonded tubes when the oral hygiene is controlled.  Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.27-31
Differences in Root Resorption between Root Canal treated and contralateral vital tooth during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Liu , Tiwari Sanjay Kumar , Peng Li
Published: December 2016

It is believed that root canal treated tooth apex goes under more resorption than contralateral vital tooth during orthodontic movement. The concept is still contradictory and therefore the aim of this systematic review was to search the evidence regarding this issue. The clinical trials performed on human subjects with vital and contralateral root canal treated tooth were included in the study. The evidence was searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane and Scopus. No language barrier was imposed. From analysis it found that there was no difference in amount of root resorption between vital and contralateral tooth. But, degree of resorption was determined by the intensity of force applied, force application technique (continuous or interrupted), duration of force application and direction of force application. Form the above fact it can be concluded that root canal treated tooth can be moved equal distance as vital contralateral tooth.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.41-44
Comparison of Apical Root Resorption encountered during Maxillary Incisor retraction using Stainless Steel Boot Loop and TMA Boot Loop – A Case Series
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Singh Raj Kumar , Relhan Ashima , Singh Gurkeerat , Goyal Abhishek
Published: December 2016

External apical root resorption (EARR) is probably the most common iatrogenic sequel of orthodontic treatment. The present case series focuses on the incisor retraction using frictionless mechanics. Boot loop made up of .019x.025 Stainless steel or TMA archwire were used for maxillary incisor retraction. Retraction with stainless steel boot loop showed greater root resorption as compared to TMA boot loop.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.45-48
Women and Prostitution: Metaphor, Reality, History
Authors: Levine Philippa
Published: December 2016

Using examples from modern British history, this paper examines the ways in which historical writing can contribute either to an understanding or a misuse of the phenomenon of prostitution.

The recovery of information on prostitution is an immensely difficult task for the historian for, as is the case with other marginal existences, such data as we have tends to reflect the values and aspirations of an outwardly respectable literate group writing about such issues from the outside. This paper asks how historians might gain access to more than mere perceptions by social commentators, but rather to the lives and experiences of those engaged in sexual trading.

With legal restrictions on prostitution and its practitioners as its starting points, it posits ways to read legal history as a form of social and of political history, and offers a critique of those whose work merely echoes — but does not seek to challenge — the misassumptions and stereotypes inscribed in a merely juridical reading of the available sources.
Negotiating Lower-Middle-Class Masculinity in Britain: The Leicester Young Men’s Christian Association, 1870-1914
Authors: Hosgood Christopher P.
Published: December 2016

This article examines the experience of Young Men’s Christian Association members in Britain in the period 1870-1914. By focusing on the history of one local British association. Leicester, it is possible to reconstruct both the administrative and cultural development of the YMCA in some detail. The article argues that the transformation of the YMCA into a vibrant institution catering not only to the spiritual but also the physical and mental needs of young men was the result of a complicated process of negotiation between the members and the association's patrons. As consumers of leisure young men were able to influence their terms of associational activity. The decision by the Leicester YMCA to purchase a billiard-table in 1905 symbolized the member’s success in promoting their vision of the YMCA.
Papacy, Parish Churches, and Prophecy: The Popish Plot and the London Particular Baptists — A Case Study
Authors: Bustin Dennis
Published: December 2016

On 13 August 1678, King Charles II was made aware of details of a supposed conspiracy by Jesuits to assassinate him. Anti-catholic hysteria gripped England and the so-called “Popish Plot” wreaked considerable havoc until 1681.

In his work, Antichrist in Seventeenth-century England, Christopher Hill contended that during this period, the concept of Antichrist disappeared and even radical nonconformists abandoned the physical concept of Antichrist. However, the events of 1678 to 1681 were not lost upon the Particular Baptists of London, many of whom had suffered sporadic persecution since the Restoration. Hanserd Knollys, whose pen had remained still since the 1650s, once again began to publish. From this point until his death in 1691, Knollys focused on eschatology, publishing treatises on the subject, two of which appeared in 1679 at the height of the “Popish Plot.”

Mystical Babylon Unvailed aggressively attacked Roman Catholicism, and national churches, including the Church of England, emphasizing that their idolatry presented a threat to England’s national and spiritual security. His other work of this period, An Exposition of the Eleventh Chapter of the Revelation, examined the rise, martyrdom, and resurrection of the Two Witnesses (Churches of the Saints) of Revelation II, concluding that their death at the hands of Antichrist (Rome and national churches) and their ensuing resurrection would occur in “about 1688” in a great city such as London.

Clearly Hill’s assumptions regarding theories of Antichrist among nonconformists did not hold true with the Particular Baptists of London. In fact, the “Popish Plot” and the following events ignited a renewed eschatological fervour among them. Particular Baptists prior to that point had published few eschatological works. However, following it Hanserd Knollys, one of their most prodigious writers, published several eschatological works, and his focus and that of the Particular Baptists upon the end days and the Antichrist would continue, encouraged by the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
Cultural Exchange and Religious Change: Buddhism, Vedānta and Immortality in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: Falby Alison
Published: December 2016

The author of this article argues that cultural exchange significantly influenced religious change in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century Britain. This exchange occurred within such movements as Theosophy and Vedānta, a Hindu sect, and influenced many British intellectuals, particularly in the 1930s, to reconceive of such fundamental Christian beliefs as immortality in collective, rather than individual, terms. This reconceptualization was partly responsible for the decline of psychical research and the rise of Eastern religious philosophy among unorthodox religionists. The continuing appeal of collective notions of immortality underscores the importance of both eschatology, the “doctrine of last things,” and colonial modernities as important contexts for secularization.
“I Am Her Majesty’s Subject”: Prince George of Denmark and the Transformation of the English Male Consort
Authors: Beem Charles
Published: December 2016

One of the most enigmatic historical figures in late Stuart England was Prince George of Denmark (1653-1708), the husband of Queen Anne (r. 1702-1714). Unlike Philip of Spain, the husband of Mary I (r.1553-1558), who held the position of king consort, and William of Orange, later William III, the husband of Mary II (r. 1689-1694), who reigned as king in his own right, George of Denmark did not attain the position of king. George’s relegation to a status subordinate to his wife was a glaring contradiction to prevailing contemporary social theory, yet an explanation for this occurrence is completely absent from the body of historical studies concerned with the Revolution of 1688/89 and the passage of the Act of Settlement of 1701.
Kenya’s “Forgotten” Engineer and Colonial Proconsul: Sir Percy Girouard and Departmental Railway Construction in Africa, 1896-1912
Authors: Mwaruvie John M.
Published: December 2016

Sir Percy Girouard remains largely unknown not only in his native Canada, hut also to the travelers who daily use the railways he constructed in Sudan, Nigeria, and Kenya. In Kenya, Sir Percy Girouard is associated with the debacle of the Second Maasai Agreement of 1911, which led to their forceful removal from the fertile Laikipia plateau to semi-arid Ngong. The Maasai land alienation policy ended his spectacular career as governor of East Africa Protectorate (Kenya) in 1912. Consequently, he appears in Africanist historiography as a failure. However, there is another side of Girouard that has escaped the attention of researchers and represents a more lasting legacy than that of other reputed colonial governors in Africa. His major contribution was in formulating and implementing railway policies for both military and commercial transport. Furthermore, as British High Commissioner for Northern Nigeria he instituted a cost-effective departmental railway policy during the construction of the Baro to Kano Railway. As governor of Kenya, Girouard was instrumental in initiating railway extension policy that led to construction of the Nairobi-Thika and Konza-Magadi railways. This article establishes Sir Percy Girouard as a great contributor to railway development in Africa; his achievements deserve mention in any discussion of British colonial development.
Police and Presence: The Victoria Police and Public Impressions of Authority in Australia, 1900-1930
Authors: Clapton Rick
Published: December 2016

In 1904, 1910, and 1919 Chief Commissioners Thomas O’Callaghan and Sir George Steward of the Victoria Police, in Australia, ordered internal reports to be generated concerning detailed aspects of police work. Together, the reports concerned traffic and police transport; moreover, the reports identified different levels of police authority. These internal reports signposted increasing levels of physical, legislative, and conceptual police authority in a changing society, as the Victoria Police moved away from their nineteenth-century origins in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Considerations of these different types of authority allowed police to project a greater presence beyond that of their actual physical numbers. In so doing, police better prevented crime; in light of this potential crime prevention, however, police continued to walk the political “fine line” between presence and officiousness.
Under the Sign of the Pendulum: Childhood Experience as Determining Revolutionary Consciousness. Ilona Duczynska Polanyi (1897-1978)
Authors: McRobbie Kenneth
Published: December 2016

At the age of twenty, Ilona Duczynska became Hungary’s leading female revolutionary: first organizing anti-war propaganda in 1917, then — as a member of the newly formed Hungarian Communist Party — working for the next four years in the 1919 Budapest Republic of Soviets and, in 1920, briefly in Moscow, before being expelled from the Party in 1922. Later she assisted in the final phase of the anti-fascist stand of the Austrian Workers Militia (Schutzbund) in Vienna from 1934-36. The 1956 Hungarian revolution made a great impact on her, and thereafter she dedicated herself to assisting and working with the “dissident” intellectual opposition in Budapest — from her home in Canada and a flat in Vienna — in an attempt to transform bureaucratic state communism into something resembling “socialism with a human face.” Late in life she began work on an autobiography; however, only the first chapter, tracing her development up to the age of twenty, was published. Taken together with other articles of hers, published and unpublished, the autobiography seeks to explain her emerging revolutionary consciousness in terms of nascent “class struggle” within the family. Against a detailed descriptive background, Duczynska claims to show how her parents and their socially very different families represented what she summarily judged to be socially positive and negative. Most memorably and perhaps curiously, the idealized portrait of her Austrian father — an impoverished would-be inventor of flying machines, self-taught intellectual, and atheist of radical inclinations — is juxtaposed to her tendentiously negative portrayal of a mother who was of Hungarian gentry background. Childhood experiences, then, first set Duczynska on what she calls “the path” to political activism.
Politics in Colonial Ijebu, 1921-51: The Role and Challenge of the Educated Elite
Authors: Oduwobi Tunde
Published: December 2016

As is well known, the distinctive feature of British colonial rule in most of tropical Africa was the utilization of indigenous authorities as the linchpin of local administration: the system of Indirect Rule whereby the British ruled their colonial subjects through their indigenous institutions. But one concomitant of the British presence was the introduction of Western education, and therefore the emergence of an educated class. The contrasting situation therefore developed in which the British, committed to the principles of Indirect Rule, looked askance at the political ideas of the Western-educated class — the symbols and representatives of Western civilization. The manner in which this dilemma played itself out in Ijebu is the focus of the paper. The chief feature is the opposition of the Western-educated class to political control by the indigenous ruling elite. There were three developmental phases: the first was the unsuccessful agitation of the members of the educated elite for political relevance; the second was marked by political concessions to the educated elite; and the third phase occurred when the educated elite assumed the mantle of authority. However, their success was marked by a paradox: as the new political elite, they sought to attain legitimacy by acquiring indigenous office titles.