bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sözden Yazıya, Yinelemeden Hatırlamaya, Ritüelden Estetiğe Devam Eden Anlatı / Narrative Continuing from Oral to Text, Repetition to Memory, Ritual to Aesthetics
Authors: İlhan M. Emir
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This study examines how a narrative transform from oral to text, repetition to memory and ritual to aesthetics. The study consists of three sections. In the first section; the questions about “what is the protected one?” and “what is the changed one?” in narration while a narration transforms to text will be discussed. In the second section, it is investigated that how "repetition" transformed to "remembering" in terms of memory, or in other words, how "symbolic" connotative recall transferred to "imaginary" thinkable remembering as the basic notion of oral culture. In the last section, the transition between symbolic and imaginary shown as they are actually the foundation of an evolution from aesthetic narrative to ritualistic words. Consequently, on contrary to the modern thoughts and thinkers which/who claim that the tension caused by the differentiation of ages is a “break”, the main purpose of this study is to show that it is not a “break” but “continuation”. The age difference of narration which occurs as a result of the difference between the word and writing/literacy; which is opposed to modernize the ideas and thinkers which handle this difference as a "break" may be seen as a "continuing".

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bir anlatının sözden yazıya, tekrardan hatırlamaya, ritüelden estetiğe nasıl bir dönüşüm geçirdiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışmada, bir anlatının sözden yazıya geçerken tekrardan hatırlamaya doğru nasıl bir form değişikliğine uğradığı; bunun sonucu olarak da sözün yinelemeye dayalı ritüelistik formunun, yazıyla birlikte hatırlamayla oluşan bir estetik forma dönüştüğü ortaya konulacaktır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, sözden yazıya geçişte, “anlatıda korunan şey nedir?” ve “anlatıyla birlikte değişen şey nedir?”, sorusu irdelenecektir. Sözden yazıya, anlatıda devam eden form ve özün izlekleri ortaya konulacaktır. İkinci bölümde, sözlü kültürün temel nosyonu olarak “yineleme” kavramının, bellek açısından yazılı kültürde nasıl bir “hatırlama” formuna dönüştüğü, diğer bir ifadeyle “sembolik” çağrışımsal hatırlamadan “imgesel” düşünümsel hatırlamaya dönüştüğü incelenecektir. Bu bir anlamda yinelemeden hatırlamaya, sembolün imgeye dönüşmesi sürecini tarif etmektedir. Son bölümde ise sembolik ve imgesel arasındaki geçişin, aslında ritüelistik anlatıdan estetik anlatıya bir evrimin temeli olduğu ortaya konulmuş olacaktır. Kısacası, bu çalışmada söz ile yazı arasındaki “anlatı” farkının kaynaklandığı çağ farkını, yani eski ile yeni arasındaki farktan kaynaklanan gerilimi bir “kopuş” olarak ele alan modernleşmeci düşüncelere ve düşünürlere karşı, bu gerilimin bir “devam” olarak görülebileceği savunulmuştur.
Çevrecilik Söylemleri Ve Türkiye’deki Çevre Hareketlerinin Seyri / Environmental Discourses and the Course of Environmental Movements in Turkey
Authors: Öztürk Özkan
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Environmentalism covers a whole of consistent ideological, philosophical and scientific practices for positively reorganizing the unequal relations between nature and society. In its process of historical evolution, the concept of environmentalism has embodied several political, philosophical and economic variables while other factors have lost their impact in the meantime. Therefore, environmentalism has undergone a number of theoretical and practical changes. While discourses of environmentalism configure their directions by relying upon different intellectual grounds, they build their social practices with reference to these political discourses. This study analyzes discursive dimensions of environmentalism and focuses upon the discursive reciprocity of the relation between intellectual arguments and political orientations in social practices. It further discusses the course of environmental movements regarding the values they have produced and concentrates on the socialization processes of environmental movements along with environmental discourses and practices.

Öz

Çevrecilik, doğa ve toplum arasındaki eşitsiz ilişkilerin olumlu yönde yeniden düzenlenmesi için, kendi içinde tutarlı ideolojik, felsefi ve bilimsel pratiklerin bütününü kapsar. Tarihsel seyri içinde düşünüldüğünde, çevrecilik düşüncesine çeşitli siyasal, felsefi ve ekonomik değişkenler dâhil olurken başka değişkenler önemini kaybetmiştir. Böylece çevrecilik hem teorik anlamda hem de pratikte farklılaşmıştır. Çevrecilik söylemleri birbirinden farklı düşünsel tabanlara yaslanarak siyasal söylemlerinin yönünü tayin ederken toplumsal pratiklerini de bu siyasal söylemler çerçevesinde inşa etmişlerdir.  Bu çalışma çevreciliğin söylemsel boyutunu inceleyerek, düşünsel argümanlarla siyasal yönelimler arasındaki ilişkinin toplumsal pratikte nasıl söylemsel bir karşılık bulduğuna odaklanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Türkiye’deki çevre hareketlerinin seyri çevre söylemlerinin ürettiği değerler içinde ele alınacak ve çevreci hareketlerin toplumsallaşma süreçleri çevre söylemleri ve pratikleriyle beraber değerlendirilecektir.
Altıncı ve Yedinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Hoca Ahmed Yesevî Algıları / Sixth and Seventh Graders’ Perceptions of Khoja Ahmad Yassawi
Authors: Kılcan Bahadır , Akbaba Bülent , Gülbudak Burcu
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine sixth and seventh graders’ perceptions of Khoja Ahmad Yassawi, who was among Turkish-Muslim thinkers, covered in the sixth and seventh grades social sciences curriculum. To this end, the metaphors produced and the pictures/cartoons drawn by the students about Khoja Ahmad Yassawi were examined. Qualitative research designs were employed in the research. The study group consists of 237 sixth and seventh graders educating in Mamak district of Ankara province in the spring semester of the 2015-2016 academic year. The data obtained from the participants were analyzed and interpreted via content analysis. The participants were found to have the following perceptions of Khoja Ahmad Yassawi: “informing, advisory”, “guiding, illuminating”, “showing the truth, providing benefit”, and “leaving a mark, esteemed”.

 

Öz

Bu araştırmada, sosyal bilgiler 6 ve 7. sınıf öğretim programında yer alan Türk-İslam mütefekkirlerinden Hoca Ahmed Yesevi’nin altıncı ve yedinci sınıf öğrencileri tarafından nasıl algılandığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; öğrencilerin Hoca Ahmed Yesevi’ye ilişkin geliştirdikleri metaforlar ve çizdikleri resim/karikatürler incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma deseninde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim bahar döneminde Ankara ili Mamak ilçesinde öğrenim gören 237 altıncı ve yedinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde ve yorumlanmasında içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların, Hoca Ahmed Yesevi’yi; “bilgi sağlayan, öğüt veren”, “yol gösteren, aydınlatan”, “doğruyu gösteren, fayda sağlayan” ve “iz bırakan, değerli olan” şeklinde algıladıkları görülmektedir.

 
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE PATENTES SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DE EMBALAGENS ANTIMICROBIANAS EM ALIMENTOS
Authors: Cardoso Lucas Guimarães , De Souza Carolina Oliveira , Guimarães Alaíse Gil
Published: April 2017

As embalagens destinadas aos alimentos, atualmente, possuem finalidades além da proteção do produto, podendo interagir com os alimentos proporcionando a eles características desejadas, é o caso das embalagens ativas. O objetivo desta prospecção tecnológica, foi realizar um levantamento do número de documentos destinadas a utilização de embalagens incorporadas com agentes antimicrobianos aplicados à alimentos. As buscar foram realizadas através do ESPACENET, utilizando as seguintes nomenclaturas packing, food e antimicrobial. A Coréia do Sul é o país com maior número de patentes e inventores independentes são os maiores depositantes. O polímero mais utilizados é o Polietileno e antimicrobianos sintéticos são os mais empregados. Existem poucas patentes acerca do tema, com isso abre-se uma nova perspectiva de pesquisa e inovação.
ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA INFORMACIONAL DAS TARJAS ELETRONICAS DE PRATELEIRA CRIADO PELA NCR.
Authors: Rosseto de Melo Paulo Henrique
Published: April 2017

Com a evolução tecnológica estabelecimentos comerciais procuram por inovações em seus serviços. Diante das variedades existentes, entende-las em sua origem e descobrir seu funcionamento é de suma importância para todas as partes interessadas. Muitos já sabem das implicâncias relacionadas com filas excessivas e mal atendimento aos clientes, principalmente em um sistema demasiado caro e ineficaz. Direcionar corretamente os colaboradores, deixando de lado funções básicas como precificação para outras de gerenciamento e atendimento é necessário. Portanto, este sistema criado pela NCR oferece as informações técnicas necessárias para o entendimento deste sistema e de suas aplicações no ambiente operacional de varejistas e atacadistas.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE FUNGOS ENDÓFITOS E APLICAÇÕES NA INDÚSTRIA FARMACÊUTICA
Authors: Gonçalves Brisa , Bastos Eduardo , Hanna Samira
Published: April 2017

Os fungos endofíticos são micro-organismos produtores de metabólitos secundários com vasta aplicação biotecnológica. Esses compostos bioativos apresentam atividades farmacológicas importantes, como antitumorais, antioxidantes, hormonais e ainda atuam contra diversos tipos de patógenos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo a prospecção de patentes relacionadas aos fungos endofíticos aplicados na Indústria farmacêutica. O delineamento experimental foi realizado pelo escopo estratégico por palavras-chave através da pesquisa avançada nas bases de dados EPO, WIPO e INPI. Foram selecionadas as palavras-chave “Endophytic fungi” and A61 para o estudo de interesse. A pesquisa resultou em 36 patentes registradas em diferentes países, ano de registro, instituição e os códigos de Classificação Internacional de Patentes, até o presente momento. Nesta perspectiva, foi possível verificar a China como maior depositante e apesar dos fungos endofíticos serem pouco estudados no mundo, apresentam potencial revolucionário no estudo de novas drogas e aplicações cosméticas.
DO PROTAGONISMO AO SILÊNCIO: O INPI E A TRANSFERÊNCIA DE TECNOLOGIA NO JORNAL O GLOBO DE 1970 A 1999
Authors: Chimento Marcelo Rutowitsch
Published: April 2017

O INPI foi criado em 1970 tendo, como função prioritária, a regulação da transferência de tecnologia para o Brasil, o que lhe conferiu um protagonismo na política tecnológica nacional. No entanto, com a mudança política observada desde os anos 80, esta função foi esvaziada e perdeu visibilidade. Este artigo analisa esta trajetória, de 1970 a 1999, a partir de textos publicados no jornal O Globo. Esta avaliação contribui para compreender este processo, explicitar os argumentos usados e discutir se a atuação do Instituto nesta área ainda pode ganhar espaço na imprensa.
CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO DOCENTE E SOFRIMENTO PSÍQUICO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR PRIVADO
Authors: Jilou Vivian , Cecílio Sálua
Published: April 2017

Apresenta o trabalho docente no ensino superior. Visa compreender a natureza das relações entre organização, condições de trabalho e sofrimento psíquico de professores universitários de duas instituições privadas de uma cidade de Minas Gerais. Estudo qualitativo incluiu pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Baseou-se em entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 professores. O material foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Constata-se a intensificação do trabalho docente, a precarização e a excessiva carga horária trazem implicações para a saúde mental e física do professor; embora o contrário, realização e prazer, também sejam verdadeiros.
TRABALHO, EDUCAÇÃO E REPRODUÇÃO EM LUKÁCS
Authors: Masson Gisele
Published: April 2017

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar as contribuições de György Lukács para se compreender o trabalho, a educação e a sociedade como indispensáveis para a reprodução do gênero humano. Destacamos, a partir do estudo, duas formas de pores teleológicos: pores que realizam a transformação da natureza pelo trabalho, e pores que se propõem a exercer influência sobre a consciência de outros homens, os quais se realizam pelas práxis sociais. Conclui-se que a educação é uma práxis social, cuja essência é promover a apropriação de conhecimentos, habilidades e comportamentos pelos indivíduos singulares, para que eles se constituam como parte do gênero humano, contribuindo para a reprodução social.
AS TAREFAS DAS UNIÕES DA JUVENTUDE
Authors: Lenin Vladimir Iilich Ulianov
Published: April 2017

Queria falar hoje convosco sobre as tarefas fundamentais da União da Juventude Comunista e, com este tema, do que devem ser as organizações da juventude na República socialista em geral. Este problema merece tanto mais a nossa atenção porquanto, pode dizer-se, em certo sentido, é precisamente à juventude que incumbe a verdadeira tarefa de criar a sociedade comunista. Porque é evidente que a geração de trabalhadores educada na sociedade capitalista pode, no melhor dos casos, cumprir a tarefa de destruir os alicerces do antigo regime capitalista baseado na exploração. O mais que poderá fazer é resolver os problemas postos pela criação de uma ordem social que ajude o proletariado e as classes trabalhadoras a conservar o poder nas suas mãos e a criar uma sólida base, sobre a qual só poderá verdadeiramente construir a geração que começa a trabalhar já em condições novas, numa situação em que não existem relações de exploração entre os homens.
EDITORIAL: LUTA PELA TERRA E EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: D'Agostini Adriana
Published: April 2017

A conjuntura agrária no Brasil é de conflito e violência desde a chegada dos portugueses para a colonização destas terras até os dias de hoje, de expansão capitalista desordenada, provocadora de um grau ainda maior de desigualdade social. Porém, onde há expropriação há luta. E a luta pela terra trás consigo a necessidade de uma educação de classe. Este número pretende suscitar o debate sobre a luta e os conflitos atuais sobre a questão agrária no país e sua relação com as experiências educacionais em curso nos teritórios de reforma agrária vinculada aos movimentos sociais do campo.
Nightside ionosphere of Mars: Composition, vertical structure, and variability
Authors: Girazian Z. , Mahaffy P. R. , Lillis R. J. , Benna M. , Elrod M. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: April 2017

We provide an overview of the composition, vertical structure, and variability of the nightside ionosphere of Mars as observed by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)'s Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) through 19 months of the MAVEN mission. We show that O
is the most abundant ion down to ∼130 km at all nightside solar zenith angles (SZA). However, below 130 km NO+ is the most abundant ion, and NO+ densities increase with decreasing altitude down to at least 120 km. We also show how the densities of the major ions decrease with SZA across the terminator. At lower altitudes the O
and CO
densities decrease more rapidly with SZA than the NO+ and HCO+ densities, which changes the composition of the ionosphere from being primarily O
on the dayside to being a mixture of O
, NO+, and HCO+ on the nightside. These variations are in accord with the expected ion‐neutral chemistry, because both NO+ and HCO+ have long chemical lifetimes. Additionally, we present median ion density profiles from three different nightside SZA ranges, including deep on the nightside at SZAs greater than 150° and discuss how they compare to particle precipitation models. Finally, we show that nightside ion densities can vary by nearly an order of magnitude over monthlong timescales. The largest nightside densities were observed at high northern latitudes during winter and coincided with a major solar energetic particle event.
Seismic attenuation tomography of the source zone of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M 7.3)
Authors: Wang Zewei , Zhao Dapeng , Liu Xin , Li Xibing
Published: April 2017

We study the three‐dimensional seismic attenuation (QP and QS) structure in the source area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M 7.3) by using 18,296
and 29,668
data from 742 local earthquakes recorded by a dense seismic network consisting of 112 stations deployed in Kyushu Island. Our results show that significant low‐Q (high‐attenuation) anomalies exist in the crust and mantle wedge beneath the volcanic front and back‐arc area, which reflect hot and wet zones caused by convective circulation in the mantle wedge and dehydration of the young Philippine Sea (PHS) slab. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake occurred in a high‐Q and high‐velocity (high‐V) zone in the upper crust, which is surrounded and underlain by low‐Q and low‐V anomalies in the lower crust and upper mantle. These results suggest that the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake took place in a brittle seismogenic layer in the upper crust, but its rupture nucleation was affected by fluids and arc magma ascending from the mantle wedge. In addition, an obvious low‐Q zone is revealed in the fore‐arc mantle wedge, which reflects serpentinization of the fore‐arc mantle due to abundant fluids from the PHS slab dehydration.
Erosion of a California Undercurrent eddy by bottom topography
Authors: Torres Hector S. , Gomez‐Valdes Jose
Published: April 2017

Subsurface eddies are ubiquitous features in eastern boundary current systems. These phenomena tend to modulate the across‐shore distribution of heat and biogeochemical tracers. A California Undercurrent eddy was detected by shipboard observations in October 2009 off the northern Baja California continental slope. The spatiotemporal variation in the California Undercurrent eddy is investigated by using a mesoscale‐resolving hindcast ocean simulation. A poleward coastal current that is driven by an upwelling‐wind relaxation event and the coastline geometry instigated the separation of the California Undercurrent from the slope, forming a meander‐like structure, which evolved as a mesoscale eddy‐like structure. The latter structure evolved as a subsurface eddy with a warm anomaly core, a distinctive feature of eddies that form from the California Undercurrent. During the initial stage, the subsurface eddy presented a cone‐shape form, with the maximum amplitude of the relative vorticity in the upper section. The inviscid effect of the irregular bottom topography altered both the initial direction of propagation and the initial eddy shape: the propagation direction of the eddy changed from north‐south to southwest, and the shape changed from a cone shape to a subsurface lens shape. The strong eddy‐topography interactions triggered a sign change in the heat flux direction from the environment toward the eddy and vice versa through the horizontally divergent component of the velocity field, which accelerated the eddy's decay. This study shows the relevance of the synoptic wind stress events and the irregularity of the bottom topography on the mesoscale eddy activity in the southern portion of the California Current.
A comparison of Aqua MODIS ice and liquid water cloud physical and optical properties between collection 6 and collection 5.1: Pixel‐to‐pixel comparisons
Authors: Yi Bingqi , Rapp Anita D. , Yang Ping , Baum Bryan A. , King Michael D.
Published: April 2017

We compare differences in ice and liquid water cloud physical and optical properties between Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection 6 (C6) and collection 5.1 (C51). The C6 cloud products changed significantly due to improved calibration, improvements based on comparisons with the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization, treatment of subpixel liquid water clouds, introduction of a roughened ice habit for C6 rather than the use of smooth ice particles in C51, and more. The MODIS cloud products form a long‐term data set for analysis, modeling, and various purposes. Thus, it is important to understand the impact of the changes. Two cases are considered for C6 to C51 comparisons. Case 1 considers pixels with valid cloud retrievals in both C6 and C51, while case 2 compares all valid cloud retrievals in each collection. One year (2012) of level‐2 MODIS cloud products are examined, including cloud effective radius (CER), optical thickness (COT), water path, cloud top pressure (CTP), cloud top temperature, and cloud fraction. Large C6–C51 differences are found in the ice CER (regionally, as large as 15 μm) and COT (decrease in annual average by approximately 25%). Liquid water clouds have higher CTP in marine stratocumulus regions in C6 but lower CTP globally (−5 hPa), and there are 66% more valid pixels in C6 (case 2) due to the treatment of pixels with subpixel clouds. Simulated total cloud radiative signatures from C51 and C6 are compared to Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced And Filled (EBAF) product. The C6 CREs compare more closely with the EBAF than the C51 counterparts.
Evaluating the present annual water budget of a Himalayan headwater river basin using a high‐resolution atmosphere‐hydrology model
Authors: Li Lu , Gochis David J. , Sobolowski Stefan , Mesquita Michel D. S.
Published: April 2017

Understanding the present water budget in Himalayan Basins is a challenge due to poor in situ coverage, incomplete or unreliable records, and the limitations of coarse resolution gridded data set. In the study, a two‐way coupled implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the WRF‐Hydro hydrological modeling extension package (WRF/WRF‐Hydro) was employed in its offline configuration, over a 10 year simulation period for a mountainous river basin in North India. A triple nest is employed, in which the innermost domain had 3 km for atmospheric model grids and 300 m for hydrological components. Two microphysical parameterization (MP) schemes are quantitatively evaluated to reveal how differently MP influences orographic‐related precipitation and how it impacts hydrological responses.

The WRF‐Hydro modeling system shows reasonable skill in capturing the spatial and temporal structure of high‐resolution precipitation, and the resulting stream flow hydrographs exhibit a good correspondence with observation at monthly timescales, although the model tends to generally underestimate streamflow amounts. The Thompson Scheme fits better to the observations in the study. More importantly, WRF shows that for high‐altitude precipitation, a high “bias” is exhibited in winter precipitation from WRF, which is about double to triple that as estimated from valley‐sited rain gauges and remotely sensed precipitation estimates from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Asian Precipitation ‐ Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation. Given the full annual cycle pattern and amount in high‐altitude precipitation and the statistical correspondence in discharge, it is concluded that the WRF‐Hydro modeling system shows potential for explicitly predicting potential changes in the atmospheric‐hydrology cycle of ungauged or poorly gauged basins.
Electromagnetic scattering by an infinite array of truncated metal plates
Authors: Poort Marco D. , Daniele Vito G. , Uslenghi Piergiorgio L. E.
Published: April 2017

An analytical solution is obtained for the scattering of an arbitrarily polarized plane electromagnetic wave by an infinite number of parallel metal half‐planes perpendicularly truncated by a metal plane. The solution is presented as an infinite series in the phasor domain and is valid everywhere, including near the edges of the parallel plates. The surface current density is then obtained, and numerical results are presented. This novel exact solution is important not only because it expands the catalog of available canonical solutions to boundary value problems but also because it may prove useful in the validation of computer solvers.
Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on the timing of Alpine shear zones in the Mont Blanc‐Aiguilles Rouges region of the European Alps
Authors: Egli D. , Mancktelow N. , Spikings R.
Published: April 2017

The Mont Blanc and Aiguilles Rouges massifs, which form part of the external crystalline massifs of the western European Alps, record a young and fast exhumation history, as established by an extensive low‐temperature thermochronology and geochronology data set. Various kinematic and dynamic models for Oligocene to Neogene deformation and exhumation of the Aiguilles Rouges‐Mont Blanc system have been proposed. However, the timing of deformation along major shear zones in and around the massifs, which is crucial to these models, is still controversial. Our new 40Ar/39Ar data from key deformation zones in the Mont Blanc area show that NW directed thrusting lasted from Oligocene to mid‐Miocene times in the Mont Blanc massif before a NW‐ward jump of the deformation front to below the Aiguilles Rouges massif, which led to updoming of the Aiguilles Rouges and Mont Blanc massifs. This deactivated the main NW verging shear zones and caused back‐folding and back thrusting east of the Mont Blanc, as well as upward extrusion of the Aiguilles Rouges massif. Subsequently, there was a switch to more coaxial shortening between the Aiguilles Rouges and Mont Blanc massifs associated with strain partitioning and related dextral strike‐slip deformation on the eastern side of the Mont Blanc massif.
Impacts of oak pollen on allergic asthma in the United States and potential influence of future climate change
Authors: Anenberg Susan C. , Weinberger Kate R. , Roman Henry , Neumann James E. , Crimmins Allison , Fann Neal , Martinich Jeremy , Kinney Patrick L.
Published: April 2017

Future climate change is expected to lengthen and intensify pollen seasons in the U.S., potentially increasing incidence of allergic asthma. We developed a proof‐of‐concept approach for estimating asthma emergency department (ED) visits in the U.S. associated with present‐day and climate‐induced changes in oak pollen. We estimated oak pollen season length for moderate (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5) and severe climate change scenarios (RCP8.5) through 2090 using five climate models and published relationships between temperature, precipitation, and oak pollen season length. We calculated asthma ED visit counts associated with 1994–2010 average oak pollen concentrations and simulated future oak pollen season length changes using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program, driven by epidemiologically derived concentration‐response relationships. Oak pollen was associated with 21,200 (95% confidence interval, 10,000–35,200) asthma ED visits in the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest U.S. in 2010, with damages valued at $10.4 million. Nearly 70% of these occurred among children age <18 years. Severe climate change could increase oak pollen season length and associated asthma ED visits by 5% and 10% on average in 2050 and 2090, with a marginal net present value through 2090 of $10.4 million (additional to the baseline value of $346.2 million). Moderate versus severe climate change could avoid >50% of the additional oak pollen‐related asthma ED visits in 2090. Despite several key uncertainties and limitations, these results suggest that aeroallergens pose a substantial U.S. public health burden, that climate change could increase U.S. allergic disease incidence, and that mitigating climate change may have benefits from avoided pollen‐related health impacts.
Two fundamentally different drivers of dipolarizations at Saturn
Authors: Yao Z. H. , Grodent D. , Ray L. C. , Rae I. J. , Coates A. J. , Pu Z. Y. , Lui A. T. , Radioti A. , Waite J. H. , Jones G. H. , Guo R. L. , Dunn W. R.
Published: April 2017

Solar wind energy is transferred to planetary magnetospheres via magnetopause reconnection, driving magnetospheric dynamics. At giant planets like Saturn, rapid rotation and internal plasma sources from geologically active moons also drive magnetospheric dynamics. In both cases, magnetic energy is regularly released via magnetospheric current redistributions that usually result in a change of the global magnetic field topology (named substorm dipolarization at Earth). Besides this substorm dipolarization, the front boundary of the reconnection outflow can also lead to a strong but localized magnetic dipolarization, named a reconnection front. The enhancement of the north‐south magnetic component is usually adopted as the indicator of magnetic dipolarization. However, this field increase alone cannot distinguish between the two fundamentally different mechanisms. Using measurements from Cassini, we present multiple cases whereby we identify the two distinct types of dipolarization at Saturn. A comparison between Earth and Saturn provides new insight to revealing the energy dissipation in planetary magnetospheres.
Hydrolytic weakening in olivine single crystals
Authors: Tielke Jacob A. , Zimmerman Mark E. , Kohlstedt David L.
Published: April 2017

Deformation experiments on single crystals of San Carlos olivine under hydrous conditions were performed to investigate the microphysical processes responsible for hydrolytic weakening during dislocation creep. Hydrogen was supplied to the crystals using either talc or brucite sealed in nickel capsules with the crystal. Deformation experiments were carried out using a gas medium apparatus at temperatures of 1050° to 1250°C, a confining pressure of 300 MPa, differential stresses of 45 to 294 MPa, and resultant strain rates of 1.5 × 10−6 to 4.4 × 10−4 s−1. For talc‐buffered (i.e., water and orthopyroxene‐buffered) samples at high temperatures, the dependence of strain rate on stress follows a power law relationship with a stress exponent (n) of ∼2.5 and an activation energy of ∼490 kJ/mol. Brucite‐buffered samples deformed faster than talc‐buffered samples but contained similar hydrogen concentrations, demonstrating that strain rate is influenced by orthopyroxene activity under hydrous conditions. The values of n and dependence of strain rate on orthopyroxene activity are consistent with hydrolytic weakening occurring in the climb‐controlled dislocation creep regime that is associated with deformation controlled by lattice diffusion under hydrous conditions and by pipe diffusion under anhydrous conditions. Analyses of postdeformation electron‐backscatter diffraction data demonstrate that dislocations with [100] Burgers vectors are dominant in the climb‐controlled regime and dislocations with [001] are dominant in the glide‐controlled regime. Comparison of the experimentally determined constitutive equations demonstrates that under hydrous conditions crystals deform 1 to 2 orders of magnitude faster than under anhydrous conditions.
Diploastrea heliopora Sr/Ca and δ18O records from northeast Luzon, Philippines: An assessment of interspecies coral proxy calibrations and climate controls of sea surface temperature and salinity
Authors: Ramos R. D. , Goodkin N. F. , Siringan F. P. , Hughen K. A.
Published: April 2017

The Indo‐Pacific coral Diploastrea heliopora reveals regional multidecadal‐ to centennial‐ scale climate variability using coral carbonate δ18O (δ18Oc) as a combined proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS). However, to assess the coral's full potential in resolving climatic events, an independent SST proxy would be more advantageous. We examined both Sr/Ca and δ18O of Diploastrea against an adjacent Porites lobata core collected from northeast Luzon, Philippines. Winter Sr/Ca data from Diploastrea show a significant correlation to SST (r = −0.41, p < 0.05, (root‐mean‐square of the residual) RMSR = 0.81°C) and provide a proxy with similar sensitivity as Porites (r = −0.57, p < 0.05, RMSR = 0.62°C). An interspecies SST record is shown to be robust and used for a reconstruction of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation during boreal winter (r = −0.70, p = 0.02). While we were unable to generate a robust Diploastrea δ18O‐SSS calibration at interannual timescale, the freshening trend toward the present, commonly observed in the region, is qualitatively captured in Diploastrea δ18O. Comparison with Porites δ18O and instrumental SSS records shows that the magnitude of freshening is consistent between coral species. Wet and dry season Porites δ18O provide support for the relative influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation events and local precipitation to SSS variability at our site. The multiproxy, multispecies approach of this study further strengthens the evidence for Diploastrea as an alternate climate archive in the Indo‐Pacific region and seals its potential in helping resolve less understood global‐scale climate phenomena.
Encrypted Workflows: The Secret World of Objects
Authors: Russo Rhett
Published: April 2017

Specific Objects is a New York‐based interdisciplinary design practice. Rhett Russo, one of its directors, is developing architectural assemblies that are informed by the specific properties of ceramics, how these traits become encrypted through technology, and at what cost. Drawing on the philosophical writings of Tristan Garcia, Bernard Stiegler and Graham Harman, the art of Jiří Kolář and a competition design by his own firm, he explores ways that the peculiar nature of objects initiate new workflows.
Bubble Size Distribution in Foaming of Liquid Aluminum and the Role of Coarsening and Coalescence
Authors: Sahu Shiba Narayan , Gokhale Amol Anant , Mehra Anurag
Published: April 2017

Evolution of bubble size distribution in liquid aluminum foam prepared by dissociation of TiH2 particles is studied by rapidly cooling samples during foam expansion and carrying out metallographic analysis of the solidified foam. Further, diameters of bubbles growing directly on TiH2 particles are calculated to arrive at volume expansion and bubble size distribution. The cells in the solidified foam are orders of magnitude coarser and fewer than those predicted by the “pure growth” based model at all stages of foam expansion. If bubble coarsening was accounted for, the calculated bubble sizes are less than, but the same order of magnitude as the experimentally observed cell sizes. The remaining discrepancy of cell size (and population) can be explained based on bubble coalescence, strongly supported by observations on early stages of foaming.
Effects of Void Array Orientation on Compressive Properties of Cellular Structures
Authors: Dahm Karl Laurence , McGavin Peter Norman , Brown Ian Willian Murray
Published: April 2017

Additively manufactured cellular materials enable customized structural implants with superior osseointegration potential and mechanical properties better matched to bone. In this investigation, the compression response of Ti–6Al–4V alloy cellular materials comprising a simple cubic array of 2.00 mm diameter spherical voids with a 1.90 mm inter‐void spacing are studied. Finite element analysis (FEA) shows that the lattice exhibited cubic symmetry with values for Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus in the range of 28.5–29.5 GPa, 0.18–0.20, and 5.4–6.0 GPa, respectively. Compression tests carried out on cylinders with the same cellular structure fabricated by selective laser melting also show a strong dependence of elastic and plastic properties on orientation. Compression normal to the {100} plane of the simple cubic cell gives the highest E and strength, while compression normal to the {110} and {111} planes give lower values. The experimental E values for the {100} and {111} orientations show good agreement with the FEA results, but the {110} orientation shows lower values of E compared to the FEA predictions. Ultimate compressive failure of the cylinders occurred by gross slip along the {100} planes of the void array – coinciding with the slip planes for the simple cubic system.
Controllable Anisotropic Dry Adhesion in Vacuum: Gecko Inspired Wedged Surface Fabricated with Ultraprecision Diamond Cutting
Authors: Tao Dashuai , Gao Xing , Lu Hongyu , Liu Zheyu , Li Yong , Tong Hao , Pesika Noshir , Meng Yonggang , Tian Yu
Published: April 2017

Gecko adhesion has inspired the fabrication of various dry adhesive surfaces, most of which are developed to be used under atmospheric conditions. However, applications of gecko‐inspired surfaces can be expanded to vacuum and even space environment due to the characteristics of van der Waals interactions, which are always present between materials regardless of the surrounding environment. In this paper, a controllable, anisotropic dry adhesion in vacuum is demonstrated with gecko‐inspired wedged dry adhesive surfaces fabricated using an ultraprecision diamond cutting mold. The adhesion and friction properties of the wedge‐structured surfaces are systematically characterized in loading–pulling mode and loading–dragging–pulling mode. The surfaces show significant anisotropic adhesion (Pad ≈ 10.5 kPa vs Pad ≈ 0.7 kPa) and friction (Pf ≈ 50 kPa vs Pf ≈ 30 kPa) when actuated in gripping and releasing direction, respectively. The wedge‐structured surfaces in vacuum show comparable properties as exposed in atmosphere. A three‐legged gripper is designed to pick up, hold, and release a patterned silicon wafer in vacuum. The study demonstrates a green, high‐yield, and low‐cost method to fabricate a reliable and durable mold for gecko inspired anisotropic dry adhesive surfaces and the potential application of dry adhesive surface in vacuum.
Resistive Switching in ZnO Nanorods/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Multilayer Structures
Authors: Anoop Gopinathan , Panwar Varij , Kim Tae Yeon , Jo Ji Young
Published: April 2017

Multilayer structures of graphene oxide‐zinc oxide nanorods (GO‐ZnONRs) hybrids are successfully grown for use as an active material in resistive switching random access memory (RRAM) devices. A considerable reduction in the OFF current is achieved through a layer‐by‐layer growth of GO‐ZnONR multilayers up to three repeating layers as the active material. The scanning electron microscope images and X‐ray diffraction patterns of the hybrid multilayer structures reveal that vertically oriented ZnONRs are sandwiched between GO sheets. A Raman analysis shows that the G peak position in GO redshifts, due to the COZn bonding at interfaces of the hybrid multilayer structures. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the hybrid multilayer structures also confirms the growth of GO on ZnONRs and secondary ZnONRs on GO, through a COZn bonding. This study realizes the growth of vertically oriented secondary and tertiary ZnONRs on GO, accompanying a tuning of photoluminescent emission wavelength. This hybrid multilayer structure‐based resistive memory device exhibits a stable resistive switching behavior with an ON–OFF ratio up to 3.3 × 105, which is higher by three orders of magnitude than the ON–OFF ratio of a single‐layer ZnONRs based device.
Solubility and Charge Transport in Blends of Poly‐dialkoxy‐p‐phenylene Vinylene and UV‐Cross‐Linkable Matrices
Authors: Kasparek C. , Rohloff R. , Michels J. J. , Crăciun N. I. , Wildeman J. , Blom P. W. M.
Published: April 2017

Poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) is blended with two different inert UV‐cross‐linkable matrices to tune the solubility of the solution‐processed films. It is found that only 10 wt% of theses matrices is required to make the blend layer insoluble after cross‐linking. The addition of only 10 wt% matrix only slightly reduces the hole mobility, whereas the electron transport is not affected. Polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) with an insoluble 90:10 MEH‐PPV: matrix blend layer exhibit the same current density and photocurrent as pristine MEH‐PPV PLEDs.
A Wide Band Gap Naphthalene Semiconductor for Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Yan Lijia , Popescu Filip , Rao M. Rajeswara , Meng Hong , Perepichka Dmitrii F.
Published: April 2017

This study reports a new simple organic semiconductor 2,6‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)naphthalene (BOPNA) with unprecedentedly large band gap of 3.35 eV and an apparent hole mobility of ≈1 cm2 V–1 s–1 measured in thin‐film organic field‐effect transistors in a saturation regime. This large band gap leads to complete optical transparency in the visible range (>370 nm), very high stability and independence of the device current with illumination conditions; this is in contrasts to the behavior of common organic semiconductors that have the band gap in the visible or near‐IR range of the spectrum. Crystal structure of BOPNA reveals a highly isotropic electronic coupling in two directions of a herringbone‐packing plane. A uniform, nearly single crystalline morphology can be achieved in highly crystalline BOPNA films through a rapid thermal annealing. Temperature‐dependent studies reveal increase of the hole mobility as the temperature is reduced from +25 to –25 °C, suggesting a band‐like transport, followed by a nearly temperature‐independent mobility down to at least –150 °C.
Adaptive POD–DEIM basis construction and its application to a nonlinear population balance system
Authors: Feng Lihong , Mangold Michael , Benner Peter
Published: April 2017

We propose an adaptive algorithm for constructing reduced‐order models (ROMs) of nonlinear systems based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) combined with the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM). Using an efficient output error estimation, the reduced basis and the DEIM interpolation basis are adaptively adjusted to derive a small, yet accurate ROM. The adaptive algorithm is further explored for a population balance system of a crystallization process. Simulation results show that much smaller and reliable ROMs can be adaptively obtained using the algorithm with ignorable extra computational load as compared with the standard POD–DEIM method. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3832–3844, 2017
A fundamental wax deposition model for water‐in‐oil dispersed flows in subsea pipelines
Authors: Zheng Sheng , Fogler H. Scott , Haji‐Akbari Amir
Published: April 2017

Water‐in‐oil dispersions frequently form in subsea oil pipeline transportation and their presence affects the wax deposition rate in subsea pipelines. A fundamental model for wax deposition on the wall of water‐in‐oil dispersed phase flow pipelines has not been developed. Dispersed water droplets can affect the heat and mass transfer characteristics of wax deposition and alter the deposit growth rate. In this study, wax deposition from water‐in‐oil dispersed flows is comprehensively modeled using first principles of heat and mass transfer. The role of the dispersed water phase on the heat and mass transfer aspects of wax deposition is analyzed. The developed model predicts different effects of the water volume fraction and droplet size on the wax deposition rates in laboratory flow loop experiments and in field scale wax deposition processes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4201–4213, 2017
Constructing Mie‐Scattering Porous Interface‐Fused Perovskite Films to Synergistically Boost Light Harvesting and Carrier Transport
Authors: Xue Jie , Gu Yu , Shan Qingsong , Zou Yousheng , Song Jizhong , Xu Leimeng , Dong Yuhui , Li Jianhai , Zeng Haibo
Published: April 2017

Light harvesting (LH) and carrier transport abilities of a photoactive layer, which are both crucial for optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and photodetectors (PDs), are typically hard to be synergistically improved. Taking perovskite as an example, a freeze‐drying recrystallization method is used to construct porous films with improvements of both LH and carrier transport ability. During the freeze‐drying casting process, the rapid solvent evaporation produces massive pores, the sizes of which can be adjusted to exploit the Mie scattering for enhancement of the LH ability. Meanwhile, owing to the strong iconicity, the interface between perovskite nanocrystals fused during recrystallization, which favors carrier transport. Subsequently, PDs based on these Mie porous and interface‐fused films show a high on/off ratio of more than 104 and an external quantum efficiency value of 658 % under 9 V bias and 520 nm light irradiation.
A Molecular Propeller with Three Nanohoop Blades: Synthesis, Characterization, and Solid‐State Packing
Authors: Li Penghao , Zakharov Lev N. , Jasti Ramesh
Published: April 2017

Nanoscale carbon‐rich molecular architectures are not only aesthetically appealing but also of practical importance for energy and biomedical technologies. Herein, we report the synthesis of cyclic‐oligophenylene‐based nanopropeller 1 by using an efficient synthon strategy involving sequential intramolecular bisboronate homocoupling and reductive aromatization by H2SnCl4. The nanopropeller molecules pack into a layered hexagonal lattice featuring long‐ranged nano‐sized channels and a total guest‐accessible volume of 48 %, as revealed by X‐ray diffraction studies. We suggest that such a solid‐state arrangement is determined by the interplay between the propeller architecture and the intermolecular van der Waals interactions.
Activation pH and Gating Dynamics of Influenza A M2 Proton Channel Revealed by Single‐Molecule Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Chun‐Wei , Mensa Bruk , Barniol‐Xicota Marta , DeGrado William F. , Gai Feng
Published: April 2017

Because of its importance in viral replication, the M2 proton channel of the influenza A virus has been the focus of many studies. Although we now know a great deal about the structural architecture underlying its proton conduction function, we know little about its conformational dynamics, especially those controlling the rate of this action. Herein, we employ a single‐molecule fluorescence method to assess the dynamics of the inter‐helical channel motion of both full‐length M2 and the transmembrane domain of M2. The rate of this motion depends not only on the identity of the channel and membrane composition but also on the pH in a sigmoidal manner. For the full‐length M2 channel, the rate is increased from approximately 190 μs−1 at high pH to approximately 80 μs−1 at low pH, with a transition midpoint at pH 6.1. Because the latter value is within the range reported for the conducting pKa value of the His37 tetrad, we believe that this inter‐helical motion accompanies proton conduction.
Predation by invasive signal crayfish on early life stages of European barbel may be limited
Authors: Copp Gordon H. , Godard Michael J. , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Ellis Adam , Riley William D.
Published: April 2017

To determine whether or not signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus and native white‐clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes prey on European barbel Barbus barbus eggs, interstitial free‐embryos and emergent larvae, experiments were undertaken in salmonid (substratum) incubators (six treatments, four controls) fitted with video recorders.

No corpses or remains of emergent barbel larvae or eggs, or parts thereof, were observed in any of the incubators containing buried eggs, and no emergent larvae showed any sign of attack. However, video evidence of a signal crayfish catching and consuming a barbel larva was obtained.

There were no statistically significant differences between white‐clawed and signal crayfish either in carapace length or weight at the beginning and end of the experiments. The conservation implications of these results are discussed.
Die Europäische Technische Bewertung: unabhängig, bauaufsichtlich anerkannt, europäisch
Authors: Kathage Karsten
Published: April 2017

Die Europäische Technische Bewertung (ETA) bietet ein europaweit harmonisiertes Verfahren zum Nachweis der wesentlichen Leistungsmerkmale eines Bauprodukts. Das Instrument der Europäischen Technischen Bewertung wurde durch die sogenannte Bauproduktenverordnung (Verordnung (EU) Nr. 305/2011) geschaffen und bietet einen alternativen Weg zur CEKennzeichnung für Bauprodukte, die nicht oder nicht vollständig durch eine harmonisierte Europäische Norm erfasst sind. Vor dem Hintergrund des EuGH‐Urteils in der Rechtssache C‐100/13 beleuchtet der Artikel die Frage, wie die Europäische Technische Bewertung im Rahmen des deutschen Bauordnungsrechts genutzt werden kann, um den Beitrag eines Bauprodukts zur Erfüllung der deutschen Anforderungen an Bauwerke nachzuweisen. Zudem werden die Grundzüge des ETA‐Verfahrens erläutert und dessen Nutzen für die Hersteller erörtert.