bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New genus of Muscidae: Coenosiinae (Diptera) from the Mexican Transition Zone and its phylogenetic position based on morphological evidence
Authors: Gomes Lucas Roberto Pereira , Fogaça João Manuel , de Carvalho Claudio José Barros
Published: May 2020

A new monotypic genus, Aztecamyia gen. nov., is proposed for a new species of muscid fly, Aztecamyia tlaloc sp. nov., found in highland localities from the Mexican Transition Zone (Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos and Puebla). Additionally, a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Coenosiini is presented. The new genus has some unique characters, such as katepisternal setae 0+1+1 in males, while females are the typically Coenosiini 1+1+1; the mid and hind tibia have many long and fine setae on the apical half, from the anterior to posterior surface; and the preapical setae on all femora are absent on all surfaces. The morphology of the male and female terminalia is a typical Coenosiini shape.
Resurrection of Liparis inundata (Orchidaceae)

Authors: PANSARIN EMERSON R. , AUGUSTO SAMANTHA G. , FERREIRA ALESSANDRO W. C.
Published: May 2020

Up until now, three species of Liparis were recognized in Brazil. During floristic surveys of the orchid family in Brazil, populations of a Liparis species occurring in marshy areas were found. Based on our investigations we conclude that it is the rare L. inundata, a taxon currently considered to be a synonym of L. nervosa. Morphological, phenological and ecological evidence is provided for the recognition of L. inundata as a species distinct from L. nervosa. In addition, the original illustration of Barbosa Rodrigues is designated as the lectotype of L. inundata.
Kataplana celeretrix n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Proseriata: Otoplanidae) from the Coast of North Carolina, USA
Authors: BURSEY JOSEPH , SMITH JULIAN P.S. , LITVAITIS MARIAN
Published: May 2020

Kataplana celeretrix is described as a new species of proseriate flatworm belonging to the Otoplanidae. This species was found in low-tide-level surface sediments at two high-energy beach sites in North Carolina and is unique among described Otoplanidae in possessing post-pharyngeal germaria. In addition, we consider the intermediate taxonomic position that this new species occupies between Parotoplaninae and Otoplaninae, and point to the utility of confocal microscopy in routine species descriptions.
The nymph of Hermanellopsis arsia Savage & Peters, 1983 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazilian Northeastern Region
Authors: NASCIMENTO STÊNIO R. S. , RAIMUNDI ERIKCSEN A. , LIMA LUCAS R. C. , AZEVÊDO CARLOS A. S.
Published: May 2020

Hermanellopsis Demoulin, 1955 is a genus of Leptophlebiidae known from adults of both sexes and is represented solely by two species, both from South America: Hermanellopsis arsia Savage & Peters, 1983, described only from male subimago; and H. incertans (Spieth, 1943) described from male imago and female subimago. Edmunds et al. (1976) provided the generic description for the supposed nymph of Hermanellopsis. However, Savage & Peters (1983) revised the genus, and study of related genera raised doubt about the identity of the proposed nymph. Thus, the nymph of Hermanellopsis has remained unknown until now.
New names for junior homonyms in Scydmaeninae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ , NEWTON ALFRED F.
Published: May 2020

As in most species-rich groups, cases of homonymy are not uncommon among Scydmaeninae. Many primary and secondary junior homonyms were recently replaced by O’Keefe (2000), Davies (2004), Davies & Vít (2004), Castellini (2010), Jałoszyński (2011), Asenjo (2016), and Newton (2017). One new primary homonym has been published since then, and changes in generic placement (Jałoszyński 2013, 2020a) have generated several new secondary homonyms. New names for those are proposed below.
Use of Observing System Simulation Experiments in the United States
Authors: Zeng Xubin , Atlas Robert , Birk Ronald J. , Carr Frederick H. , Carrier Matthew J. , Cucurull Lidia , Hooke William H. , Kalnay Eugenia , Murtugudde Raghu , Posselt Derek J. , Russell Joellen L. , Tyndall Daniel P. , Weller Robert A. , Zhang Fuqing
Published: May 2020

The NOAA Science Advisory Board appointed a task force to prepare a white paper on the use of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). Considering the importance and timeliness of this topic and based on this white paper, here we briefly review the use of OSSEs in the United States, discuss their values and limitations, and develop five recommendations for moving forward: national coordination of relevant research efforts, acceleration of OSSE development for Earth system models, consideration of the potential impact on OSSEs of deficiencies in the current data assimilation and prediction system, innovative and new applications of OSSEs, and extension of OSSEs to societal impacts. OSSEs can be complemented by calculations of forecast sensitivity to observations, which simultaneously evaluate the impact of different observation types in a forecast model system.
Aligning a training curriculum with local needs: Use of an advisory board
Authors: Hepperlen Renee A , Rabaey Paula , Ngulube Esther , Biggs Jennifer , DeGracia Donna , Hearst Mary O
Published: May 2020

Children with disabilities and their families often experience life circumstances that lead to reduced quality of life in low- and middle-income countries. This article describes the development of a curriculum to train community volunteers to provide support to families of children with disabilities in Lusaka, Zambia, using feedback from an advisory board of local stakeholders. Stakeholders had two opportunities to offer input on the curriculum. Reviewer comments focused on three themes – making the manual more Zambian, needing additional content, and simplifying the message. Recommendations were incorporated into the manual – allowing for culturally appropriate alignment with Zambian needs and customs.
Mechanical behavior of 3D GFRP composite with pure and treated shear thickening fluid matrix subject to quasi-static puncture and shear impact loading
Authors: Hasan-nezhad Hossein , Yazdani Mojtaba , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi , Jeddi Mohsen
Published: May 2020

In this study, a new low-velocity shear impact test was introduced to carefully investigate the resistance of 3D E-glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with shear thickening fluid matrix. The shear thickening fluids were prepared by dispersing silica nano-particles in polyethylene glycol. Pure shear thickening fluid was modified by treating the silica surface with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. Despite the low-velocity shear impact test, various experimental tests such as yarn pull-out, quasi-static puncture, flexibility and thickness tests were carried out to study the mechanical behavior of the composites. Results revealed the treated shear thickening fluid up to 60 wt% improves the performance of the impregnated samples against the yarn pull-out and puncture tests by 353% and 45%, respectively, and their shear impact resistance by 130% compared to the neat cases without noticeably affecting the fabric flexibility.
Effect of silver nanoparticle (AgNp) mixed with calcium carbonate on impact, hardness and tensile strength properties of aluminium 6063
Authors: Adeodu Adefemi , Mudashiru Lateef , Daniyan Ilesanmi , Awodoyin Abdulmalik
Published: May 2020

Mechanical properties (impact, hardness and tensile strength) characterization of samples containing homogenous mixtures of Al 6063 matrix and varying amount of silver nanoparticles mixed with calcium carbonate at 2, 4, 6% weight fractions, respectively, produced by method of stir casting were carried out. Measurement of impact energy, hardness and tensile strength of the produced samples at 24℃ (ambient) temperature was done by Charpy impact, Brinell hardness and universal tensile testing machine in accordance to ASTM E23, E384 and E8/E8M-13M, respectively. The magnitude of impact and hardness increased evidently with increase in percentage weight fraction of the AgNPs. The refined samples were examined under an optical microscope. The fracture surfaces of the impact test samples were further examined by scanning electron microscopy. There is an increase in tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity of Al-AgNP composites compared to as-cast aluminium alloy. The use of stir-casting technique influences the homogeneity and microstructure of the composites positively. It is concluded that Al-silver nanocomposites possess better qualities in hardness and strength and can replace conventional aluminium alloy in terms of performance and longer life in industrial application.
From equal pay to overcoming undervaluation: The Australian National Pay Equity Coalition 1988–2011
Authors: Blackman Danny , Burgmann Meredith , Hall Philippa , Hayes Fran , Junor Anne , Smith Meg
Published: May 2020

Australian feminists have struggled to define the International Labour Organisation’s Equal Remuneration Convention’ goal of gender pay equity and find a platform for achieving it. Approaches based on discrimination, or a male comparator, have proved unworkable. Networking nationally and internationally, the National Pay Equity Coalition (1988–2011) formulated many submissions to industrial tribunals and parliamentary inquiries. Early interventions argued the disadvantages to women of the decentralisation of bargaining in the 1990s, but following the failure of discrimination-based cases, this focus shifted. National Pay Equity Coalition submissions came to define the gender gap, not as one between women and male comparators, but as a recognition gap. They argued that indicators of a history of gender-based undervaluation should lead to a bias-free work value assessment. Bias lay in the distance between actual job demands and their characterisation in classification descriptions. It could be redressed by fuller recognition of the work value of feminised service roles. This approach to the recognition and remedy of undervaluation informed the 1998 NSW Pay Equity Inquiry and the NSW Equal Remuneration Principle, but is not recognised in federal labour law. No Equal Remuneration Principle yet applies in the federal jurisdiction which since 2009 has governed most Australian wage setting amidst growing social inequality.
Distributed adaptive iterative learning control for the consensus tracking of heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems
Authors: Deng Xiongfeng , Sun Xiuxia
Published: May 2020

This paper addresses the consensus tracking problem of leader-following heterogeneous multi-agent systems with iterative learning control. The model of heterogeneous multi-agent systems consists of first-order and second-order nonlinear dynamics. It is assumed that only a portion of following agents can receive the leader’s information. The radial basis function neural network is introduced to deal with the nonlinear terms of following agents. Then, the distributed adaptive iterative learning control protocols with neural network are designed for following agents with different dynamics. Meanwhile, the adaptive update control laws for the time-varying parameters are proposed. Theoretical analysis shows that the consensus tracking problem of the given multi-agent systems can be guaranteed on the time domain and iterative domain. Finally, the validity of theoretical results is verified by a simulation example.
Otolaryngology Residency Application during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) Pandemic
Authors: Quesada Pompeyo R. , Solis Roberto N. , Diaz Rodney C. , Kraft Shannon M.
Published: May 2020

The escalation of the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected health care at every level, including medical education. As some fourth‐year medical students graduate early to join the front lines, we must now turn our attention to those trainees in their penultimate year. In this commentary, we address the unique dilemmas facing otolaryngology residency candidates for the 2020‐2021 cycle, with a focus on those applicants with no institutional otolaryngology department.
Defining Essential Services for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Pattisapu Prasanth , Evans Sean S. , Noble Anisha R. , Norton Susan J. , Ou Henry C. , Sie Kathleen C. Y. , Horn David L.
Published: May 2020

COVID‐19 is a rapidly growing global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus. With no vaccine or definitive treatment, public health authorities have recommended a strategy of “social distancing,” reducing individual interaction, canceling elective procedures, and limiting nonessential services. Health care providers must determine what procedures are considered “elective,” balancing risk of treatment delays with that of coronavirus exposure to patient, family, and providers. Given critical periods for language development and the long‐term impact of auditory deprivation, some audiologic and otologic services should be considered essential. In this article, we describe the experience of a quaternary referral pediatric hospital in Seattle, the epicenter of COVID‐19 in the United States, and share strategies for risk minimization employed by Seattle Children’s Hospital. We hope that this work can be a reference for other centers continuing care for children who are deaf and hard of hearing during the COVID‐19 and future resource‐limiting crises.
Olfactory Dysfunction: A Highly Prevalent Symptom of COVID‐19 With Public Health Significance
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Gengler Isabelle , Speth Marlene M.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals, killing hundreds of thousands. Although typically described with characteristic symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath, greater understanding of COVID‐19 has revealed myriad clinical manifestations. Olfactory dysfunction (OD)—hyposmia and anosmia—has recently been recognized as an important symptom of COVID‐19 and increasingly gained traction as a public health tool for identifying COVID‐19 patients, in particular otherwise asymptomatic carriers who, unawares, may be major drivers of disease spread. The objective of this study is to review the scientific evidence about anosmia in COVID‐19.

Data Sources

PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

Comprehensive literature search of primary studies pertinent to the objectives of this review using the chosen data sources.

Conclusions

Current evidence shows that OD is highly prevalent in COVID‐19, with up to 80% of patients reporting subjective OD and objective olfactory testing potentially showing even higher prevalence. OD is frequently accompanied by taste dysfunction. Up to 25% of COVID‐19 patients may experience sudden‐onset OD as the first symptom. A large proportion of COVID‐19 OD cases may resolve over the period of a few weeks.

Implications for Practice

Sudden anosmia should be considered a symptom of COVID‐19. Assessing for sudden‐onset anosmia may increase sensitivity of COVID‐19 screening strategies, in particular for identifying patients at the earliest stages of disease. Since many cases of OD due to COVID‐19 may resolve in the short term, conservative management, including observation, is reasonable, while advanced imaging is unnecessary.
A Systematic Review of Tier 1 PBIS Implementation in Alternative Education Settings
Authors: Grasley-Boy Nicolette M. , Reichow Brian , van Dijk Wilhelmina , Gage Nicholas
Published: May 2020

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a multitiered system of support for behavior used in many schools across the world. Researchers have begun adapting and evaluating Tier 1 of PBIS for students placed in alternative education (AE) settings. The purpose of this review is to synthesize these evaluations. We systematically searched two electronic databases to find potential studies of Tier 1 PBIS in AE settings. We screened 47 full texts, 19 of which met all inclusion criteria. Most studies (16 of 19, 84%) evaluated student behavioral outcomes, while seven studies (37%) evaluated academic outcomes alone or in addition to behavioral measures. Overall, restraints and seclusions generally decreased following Tier 1 implementation, but behavioral incident changes were variable and academic outcomes only improved for students enrolled continuously throughout the studies. The findings of this review support the need for continued evaluations of Tier 1 in AE settings using more rigorous methodologies and metrics that account for rolling admissions. The observed reductions in restraints and seclusions are promising for students and practitioners given the poor outcomes associated with these consequences.
Book review: Aparjith Ramnath, The Birth of an Indian Profession: Engineers, Industry, and the State 1900–47
Authors: Sinha Nitin
Published: May 2020

Aparjith Ramnath, The Birth of an Indian Profession: Engineers, Industry, and the State 1900–47, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017, 288 pp., ₹895 (Hardback).
University-based gifted programs for gifted and talented students in Hong Kong: Practice and evaluation
Authors: Chan Lai Kwan , Chan David W , Sun Xiaoyan
Published: May 2020

The development and implementation of regular Spring, Summer, and Winter Gifted Enrichment Programs, Gifted Students Exchange Programs, and the Gifted Peer Mentoring Scheme provided by the Program for the Gifted and Talented (PGT) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong for gifted and talented students are briefly described. PGT also conducts research to advance the knowledge of gifted education and talent development and furthers the development of its gifted education provisions based on evidence-based information from research. Specifically, PGT does research on the assessment of giftedness and the special needs of local gifted and talented learners and conducts evaluation on gifted enrichment programs, course design and instruction, and students’ performance. The uniqueness of PGT, future directions in the development of university-based gifted programs, and program evaluation research in gifted education in Hong Kong are discussed.
Does the Dog-Ear or Bird-Beak Deformity Remodel After Rotator Cuff Repair?
Authors: Park Yong Bok , Park Jung Ho , Lee Seung Won , Jung Tae Wan , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Yoo Jae Chul
Published: May 2020

Background:

Dog-ear and bird-beak deformities are common after transosseous-equivalent repair (suture bridge technique). The natural course of deformities after rotator cuff (RC) repair using the suture bridge technique is unclear. The remodeling potential of these deformities has not been investigated.

Purpose:

To evaluate remodeling and retear rates associated with deformities after RC repair.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between November 2011 and February 2012, we studied 99 consecutive shoulders. All patients underwent arthroscopic RC repair via the suture bridge technique with or without additional sutures. Two groups were formed: no deformity (n= 46) and deformity (n = 53). Deformity was defined as marginal detachment and protrusion of the RC after repair, involving inappropriate compression of the suture limbs from the anchors. Tendon height was measured from the highest point of the most protruding portion of the cuff to the cortex on semi-coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Change in tendon height was evaluated on MRI scan at 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. Clinical assessment at every patient visit included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant shoulder score, and visual analog scale for pain (pVAS) score.

Results:

No significant differences were found in age, sex, symptom duration, tear size, and preoperative ASES, Constant, and pVAS scores ( P > .05) between the 2 groups. The initial tendon height was 7.4 ± 1.5 mm in the no-deformity group and 9.3 ± 2.0 mm in the deformity group. Follow-up height was 6.3 ± 2.1 mm in the no-deformity group and 6.4 ± 1.6 mm in the deformity group. Mean postoperative tendon heights were 90.1% ± 23.8% of the initial height in the no-deformity group and 73.2% ± 15.1% in the deformity group. Clinical scores (ASES, Constant, and pVAS) were not significantly different between the groups at 6 months. There were 4 shoulders in each group that experienced retearing (types 4 and 5 according to the Sugaya classification) at 6 months postoperatively. There was no difference in retear rate ( P > .999).

Conclusion:

Most deformities after RC repair were remodeled with no effect on retears. Clinical outcomes were not affected by deformities.
The Effects of Selective and Indiscriminate Repression on the 2013 Gezi Park Nonviolent Resistance Campaign
Authors: Demirel-Pegg Tijen , Rasler Karen
Published: May 2020

We investigate the differential effects of selective and indiscriminate repression on the rate of protest actions during the nonviolent resistance campaign in Gezi Park, Turkey, in 2013. After deriving theoretical expectations about how and why these forms of repression will influence protest actions, we test them with protest event data that were collected from a major local newspaper and subsequently validated through a comparison with two other independent Twitter datasets. Utilizing a Poisson autoregressive estimation model, we find that selective repression, as measured by the number of arrested activists who were detained while they were not demonstrating, decreased the rate of protest actions. Meanwhile, indiscriminate repression, as measured by the frequency of the government’s use of lethal and nonlethal violence against protesters during demonstrations, increased the rate of protest actions. Our findings support prior research on the influence of indiscriminate repression on backfire outcomes. They also provide evidence for the impact of selective repression on movement demobilization through the removal of opposition activists. Finally, the targeted arrest strategy of selective repression that was employed in the Gezi campaign has implications for the feasibility of the strategic incapacitation model of protest policing.
Particle size analysis of municipal solid waste for treatment process modeling
Authors: Tanguay-Rioux Fabrice , Legros Robert , Spreutels Laurent
Published: May 2020

Several unit operations used in municipal solid waste (MSW) processing facilities are based on physical properties of the waste materials, such as particle size, density and shape. Reliable expressions describing particle size distribution (PSD) of the different waste components present in MSW are not readily available in the context of process modeling. In this study, the characterization data for household wastes and construction and demolition (C&D) wastes were analysed with the purpose of selecting the most representative PSD expression for these waste streams. The Rosin–Rammler distribution was identified over the log-normal and the gamma distributions as the best-fitting PSD for the waste samples. This was demonstrated for both raw and processed waste samples. Parameters were derived and validated for every category of MSW materials considered in the characterization. A model for mixed household waste PSD was developed based on the summation of Rosin–Rammler expressions corresponding to each category of waste materials, as the composition was determined to be the main factor influencing particle size. A simplified model was also derived for mixed waste as a bimodal distribution since two main modes were observed in household waste – one for the “organic” fraction and one for the “inorganic” fraction.
Making Sense of Sensor Data: How Local Environmental Conditions Add Value to Social Science Research
Authors: English Ned , Zhao Chang , Brown Kevin L. , Catlett Charlie , Cagney Kathleen
Published: May 2020

Recent advances in computing technologies have enabled the development of low-cost, compact weather and air quality monitors. The U.S. federally funded Array of Things (AoT) project has deployed more than 140 such sensor nodes throughout the City of Chicago. This article combines a year’s worth of AoT sensor data with household data collected from 450 elderly Chicagoans in order to explore the feasibility of using previously unavailable data on local environmental conditions to improve traditional neighborhood research. Specifically, we pilot the use of AoT sensor data to overcome limitations in research linking air pollution to poor physical and mental health and find support for recent findings that exposure to pollutants contributes to both respiratory- and dementia-related diseases. We expect that this support will become even stronger as sensing technologies continue to improve and more AoT nodes come online, enabling additional applications to social science research where environmental context matters.
Local response in health emergencies: key considerations for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal urban settlements
Authors: Wilkinson Annie , Ali Harris , Bedford Juliet , Boonyabancha Somsook , Connolly Creighton , Conteh Abu , Dean Laura , Decorte Filiep , Dercon Bruno , Dias Sonia , Dodman David , Duijsens Raimond , D’Urzo Sandra , Eamer Gwendolen , Earle Lucy , Gupte Jaideep , Frediani Alex Apsan , Hasan Arif , Hawkins Kate , Herbst Natalia , Kadihasanoglu Aynur , Keil Roger , Kibuchi Eliud , Leach Melissa , Lilford Richard , Macarthy Joseph , Mitlin Diana , Napier David , O’Donnell Ian , Oyebode Oyinlola , Ozano Kim , Perera Laxman , Rashid Sabina , Ringwald Beate , Ripoll Santiago , Saleem Amjad , Satterthwaite David , Sellu Sudie Austina , Siddique Omar , Soesilo Cynthia , Sommer Kerstin , Steege Rosie , Sverdlik Alice , Tacoli Cecilia , Taylor John , Theobald Sally , Tolhurst Rachel , Walnycki Anna , Watson Samuel , Whittaker Lana
Published: May 2020

This paper highlights the major challenges and considerations for addressing COVID-19 in informal settlements. It discusses what is known about vulnerabilities and how to support local protective action. There is heightened concern about informal urban settlements because of the combination of population density and inadequate access to water and sanitation, which makes standard advice about social distancing and washing hands implausible. There are further challenges to do with the lack of reliable data and the social, political and economic contexts in each setting that will influence vulnerability and possibilities for action. The potential health impacts of COVID-19 are immense in informal settlements, but if control measures are poorly executed these could also have severe negative impacts. Public health interventions must be balanced with social and economic interventions, especially in relation to the informal economy upon which many poor urban residents depend. Local residents, leaders and community-based groups must be engaged and resourced to develop locally appropriate control strategies, in partnership with local governments and authorities.

Historically, informal settlements and their residents have been stigmatized, blamed, and subjected to rules and regulations that are unaffordable or unfeasible to adhere to. Responses to COVID-19 should not repeat these mistakes. Priorities for enabling effective control measures include: collaborating with local residents who have unsurpassed knowledge of relevant spatial and social infrastructures, strengthening coordination with local governments, and investing in improved data for monitoring the response in informal settlements.
Idiographic Traits: A Return to Allportian Approaches to Personality
Authors: Beck Emorie D. , Jackson Joshua J.
Published: May 2020

Since its beginnings, personality psychology has focused on both nomothetic and idiographic questions, but nomothetic approaches have captured the majority of attention in the past century. In this article, we demonstrate how recent measurement and modeling techniques provide an avenue for testing idiographic propositions about the dynamic features of a personality system. Findings indicate that people have unique structures of personality and that these structures are sensitive to situations people encounter. At the same time, these unique, mutable systems show longitudinal consistency for some but not all people.
My Sister, My Enemy: Using Intersectional Readings of Hagar, Sarah, Leah, and Rachel to Heal Distorted Relationships in Contemporary Reproductive Justice Activism
Authors: Reinhardt-Simpson Autumn
Published: May 2020

Using a feminist hermeneutic, Autumn Reinhardt-Simpson attempts to set out in this article how a third- or fourth-wave intersectional reading of the stories of Hagar and Sarah and Leah, Rachel, and their maids can become a source of both truth and healing within feminist activist communities today, particularly those working for reproductive justice. Reinhardt-Simpson identifies several issues within the stories such as societal acceptance of women who seek power only within patriarchal constructs or to benefit the aims of patriarchy, as well as issues that divide women both then and today such as class, race, and status and the way that women relate to each other within a patriarchal structure. Reinhardt-Simpson concludes that a liberatory reading of these stories can point us toward reconciliation with our sisters.
Big stories about big squids: The story of the Britannia and the birth of a wartime urban legend
Authors: Dyer Jonathan
Published: May 2020

A popular urban legend from World War II involves the survivors of a sunken British troopship being attacked by a giant squid. The story of R.E.G. Cox and the giant squid he claimed that attacked him can be found in a wide variety of written and online sources. This article explores the origins of this urban legend, looks at its spread, and debunks it through both historiographical research and a brief scientific examination of relevant marine life.
Occupational Stress Among Nurses: A Factorial Study with Special Reference to Indore City
Authors: Veda Aditi , Roy Rishu
Published: May 2020

Nurses are a stressed group and this may affect their health and work performance. Occurrence of occupational stress among nurses is becoming common and this takes a toll on their health both in terms of physical and mental health. There is minimal research on reducing occupational stress. This study aimed to determine factors of occupation stress within nurses. The present study has been undertaken on 68 employees of hospitals to understand the factors affecting occupational stress. This article reports the major factors that are constituents for occupational stress among nurses of Indore region.
Mechanical strength and self-sensing capacity of smart cementitious composite containing conductive rubber crumbs
Authors: Dong Wenkui , Li Wengui , Wang Kejin , Vessalas Kirk , Zhang Shishun
Published: May 2020

The effects of conductive rubber crumbs on the mechanical properties and self-sensing capacities of cementitious composites are investigated in this study. The rubberized cementitious composites with five different contents of conductive rubber crumbs are incorporated, ranging from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by mass of fine aggregate. Under the uniaxial cyclic compression, all the conductive rubber crumbs–filled cement composites exhibit excellent repeatability of piezoresistivity. The mortar with 20% conductive rubber crumbs at a water-to-binder ratio of 0.42 displayed the best piezoresistive sensitivity. Based on the relative positions of conductive rubber crumbs in the rubberized cement mortar, three conductive mechanisms were proposed for the conductive rubber crumbs, including complete isolation state, neighbouring state and the contact state. The isolation state plays a dominant role when the content of the conductive rubber crumbs is low, in which the piezoresistive behaviour is mainly controlled by the resistivity changes in cement matrix. In the neighbouring state, pores or voids in the gaps between nearby conductive rubber crumbs make the conductive rubber crumbs easier to connect, thus decreasing the resistivity under uniaxial compression. As for the contact state, the decreased contact resistance and the absence of sand between conductive rubber crumbs lead to higher resistivity changes under cyclic compression. The related results indicate that conductive rubber crumbs in cement mortar have application potentials for structural health monitoring.
Active vibration control of smart structure using poling tuned piezoelectric material
Authors: Sharma Saurav , Kumar Anuruddh , Kumar Rajeev , Talha Mohammad , Vaish Rahul
Published: May 2020

In this article, active vibration control of a piezo laminated smart structure is presented using poling tuned piezoelectric material. To improve the performance of existing materials and utilize the actuation potential of different modes of operation ( d31, d33, and d15), simultaneously, the poling direction of the piezoelectric materials is altered and an optimum poling direction is found. Poling tuned piezoelectric patches at the top and bottom layers of the structure are mounted which act as sensors and actuators, respectively. The computational technique used for calculating the time history of the structure is a finite element method. A fuzzy logic controller is developed to compute the appropriate actuator signal as output while taking sensor voltage and its derivative as input. The controlled response due to this fuzzy logic controller is calculated for different piezoelectric materials under consideration and the performance of these materials in active vibration control is compared. Influence of poling angle on the controlled response of the structure is scrutinized and is found to vary from material to material. A large enhancement due to poling tuning is seen in the properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-0.35PT), whereas other materials show very less improvement or even decay in the properties.
Can Citizens Set City Policy? Evidence from a Decentralized Welfare State
Authors: Egerod Benjamin , Larsen Martin
Published: May 2020

Municipal governments supposedly empower citizens, giving them the ability to shape the political organization of their local community. In spite of this, we know little about whether municipal governments are in fact responsive to the policy views of municipal electorates. In this study, we look at whether the policy implemented by local politicians actually respond to changes in the ideological mood of the electorate. In particular, we compile a unique and comprehensive data set of local fiscal policy in Denmark, which we use to construct municipal-level estimates of fiscal policy conservatism. These detailed policy data are then linked to an indicator of local ideological sentiment. Based on these data, we find strong evidence for dynamic responsiveness: When local preferences change, local public policy responds.
On becoming a ‘real’ Jew: An ethnography of adolescents’ identity formation in a Jewish community in Germany
Authors: Fork Swetlana
Published: May 2020

In the course of an ethnographic investigation in the youth group of a Jewish community that included participant observation, group discussions and problem-centred interviews, I gained insights into the contextualised construction of Jewish identities. Analysing identity formation as a holistic form of learning, I identify two trajectories of socially embedded identity formation: appropriating aspects of Judaism taught in the youth group and becoming a part of the Jewish collective. Within the latter trajectory, I differentiate three sub-processes: forming and evaluating social representations of the Jewish people, ascribing ‘Jewishness’ to oneself, and experiencing communality.
Experimental comparison of local low velocity unit combined with radiant panel and diffuse ceiling ventilation systems
Authors: Zhao Weixin , Kilpeläinen Simo , Kosonen Risto , Jokisalo Juha
Published: May 2020

In this study, the performance of a micro-environment system was analysed and compared with diffused ceiling ventilation. In the analysed micro-environment low velocity radiant panel system, two low velocity units and radiant panels were installed above workstations to supply directly clean air to occupants and to cover the cooling power required. With diffused ceiling ventilation, all cooling demand is covered with air and thus, the airflow rate required is higher than with low velocity radiant panel system. The varied heat gain from 40 to 80 W/m2 consists of two seated dummies, laptops, monitors and simulated solar gain. The results show that with perimeter exhaust and local supply air, 8–13% reduction of the total cooling load required is possible, in comparison to the standard mixing systems. The average exhaust temperature was 0.7–1.9°C higher than average room air temperature at the workstation. Moreover, the mean air temperature with the low velocity radiant panel system at the occupied zone was 0.6°C lower than with diffused ceiling ventilation. With low velocity radiant panel system, the air velocity was less than 0.12 m/s in the occupied zone. Also, the draught rate was less than 10%. Furthermore, the air change efficiency with the low velocity radiant panel system was over 70% which is better than 44–49% efficiency with diffused ceiling ventilation.
A qualitative study examining the quality of working alliance as a function of the social identifies of clients and therapists during the mental health intake
Authors: Nakash Ora , Cohen Michal , Aharoni Liron , Zur Shir , Nagar Maayan
Published: May 2020

Therapists are faced with the challenge of developing effective ways to advance cross-cultural engagement with a rapidly growing diverse client population. In this qualitative study, we characterized the way clients and therapists described the quality of working alliance during the mental health intake and examined whether these descriptions vary as a function of their social identities. We conducted in-depth interviews with Ashkenazi (socially advantaged group; n = 22) therapists and their Mizrahi (socially disadvantaged group n = 29) or Ashkenazi (n = 26) clients immediately following their intake session in four mental health clinics in Israel. We performed a thematic analysis. Overall, interrater reliability among three raters who coded the narratives was high (kappa = 0.72, therapist; 0.70, client). Across all client and therapist interviews, we identified eight central themes detailing different qualities of the working alliance: (1) feeling understood, (2) feeling comfortable, (3) openness and cooperation, (4) trust, (5) empathy and identification, (6) frustration and disappointment, (7) anger and hostility, and (8) emotional disengagement. On average, clients reported 2.56 (standard deviation = 1.17) and therapists described 2.65 (standard deviation = 1.45) themes in each session. Overall, concordant and discordant dyads described similar themes with few exceptions. In particular, being part of a discordant dyad may affect the client’s interpretation of non-verbal communication as well as the therapist’s evaluation of the client’s openness and trustworthiness. Although less frequent, when anger and hostility were described by therapists, these characterized the interaction with Mizrahi clients. We discuss implications to care including the need to promote a culturally humble approach to providing care for minorities.
Moving Forward or Backsliding: A Causal Inference Analysis of the Effects of the Shelby Decision in North Carolina
Authors: Gibson Nadine Suzanne
Published: May 2020

The Voting Rights Act created a method of oversight called “preclearance,” which was designed to prevent changes in state and local voting laws that may negatively affect minority groups. Following the ruling in Shelby County v. Holder, however, preclearance is no longer enforced. This study assesses the impact of recently implemented local voting restrictions on turnout across various demographic and political subgroups in North Carolina. Unlike other states, preclearance in North Carolina was implemented at the county level. Two approaches to the regression discontinuity-design are used to estimate de facto minority disenfranchisement. This study finds that the removal of Section 5 preclearance negatively affected Democratic primary turnout, but did not affect Democratic vote share. Secondary effects resulting in the removal of Section 5 preclearance may be responsible for disproportionately lower levels of overall turnout in formerly covered counties in 2016. Ultimately, the data suggest minimal effects on minority turnout rates.
Large Left Ventricular Fibroma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Anwar Ahmed S. , Salem Mahmoud I. , Beltagy Ragab , Madi Karim , Elwatidy Ahmed M. F.
Published: May 2020

Benign cardiac tumors are rare and fibroma is second to rhabdomyoma in frequency in pediatric cardiac tumors. We report a case of a 14-year-old male patient, who presented with shortness of breath for 2 years. Echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging indicated a large mass located in the left ventricular lateral wall. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a cardiac fibroma. The patient had a good postoperative recovery and was discharged on sixth postoperative day.
Thrombogenicity of the p48 and anti-thrombogenic p48 hydrophilic polymer coating low-profile flow diverters in an in vitro human thrombin generation model
Authors: Bhogal Pervinder , Lenz-Habijan Tim , Bannewitz Catrin , Hannes Ralf , Monstadt Hermann , Brodde Martin , Kehrel Beate , Henkes Hans
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The implantation of flow diverters, or stents in general, necessitates the use of dual anti-platelet treatment with typical regimes including aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor. This carries an inherent risk of haemorrhage. We sought to compare the thrombogenicity of the anti-thrombogenic p48 hydrophilic polymer coating compared to the standard uncoated p48 flow diverter using an in vitro thrombogenicity assay.

Methods

To evaluate the thrombin generation influenced by the different stent types the stents were placed in wells of a 24-well plate with the addition of plasma from healthy volunteers the thrombin calibrator respectively the PPP-reagent was added. Subsequently, the thrombin substrate was added and the thrombin generation was analysed every 60 s using a thrombinoscope. The assay is calibrated using samples containing a known amount of active thrombin in PPP. Thrombin activity is proportional to the change in fluorescence.

Results

The p48 hydrophilic polymer coating shows a significantly lower peak thrombin concentration (1.13 ± 0.21 vs. 1.41 ± 0.22) and longer time to peak thrombin concentration (0.96 ± 0.04 vs. 0.74 ± 0.07) compared to the uncoated p48 device ( p < 0.01). The responses of the p48 hydrophilic polymer coating were similar to that of the negative control.

Conclusion

The hydrophilic polymer coating surface modification significantly reduces the thrombogenicity of the p48 flow diverter. These results corroborate the findings from previous in vitro studies.
Communication challenges between nurses and migrant paediatric patients
Authors: Kaufmann Beatrice , Helfer Tannys , Pedemonte Dana , Simon Marika , Colvin Sarah
Published: May 2020

Background

Many people receiving medical treatment in Switzerland speak none of the country’s four languages or English, which is a major communicative barrier for health staff. Appropriate treatment in hospitals depends on the successful communication between hospital staff and patients. Consequently, migrant patients can be particularly challenging for hospital staff.

Aims

The aim of this project was to examine the following topics: (a) which communicative challenges hospital nurses are confronted with in the care of migrant paediatric patients and how they cope with them, and (b) what requirements nurses (and other stakeholders) have regarding a digital communication aid to improve the care of migrant paediatric patients in the hospital setting.

Methods

This study used a qualitative approach. The following steps of data collection were undertaken: (a) two literature searches corresponding to the research questions, (b) a focus group interview with paediatric hospital nurses, (c) observation of communication between paediatric nurses/healthcare professionals and children/parents through shadowing, (d) short interviews with paediatric nurses who were being shadowed, and (e) a focus group interview with experts. Data analysis was based on thematic analysis and was supported by MAXQDA software.

Results

Evaluation of the data showed there are multiple communicative challenges that emerge in the care of migrant paediatric patients. These challenges influence each other and appear at different moments in the hospital stay. Additionally, the results revealed that digital communication aids must be user friendly and easily accessible.

Conclusions

This study highlights the areas of hospital care in which a digital communication aid could be feasible. However, many of the described communication challenges stem from issues that cannot be solved solely with a digital communication aid. Instead, strategies to tackle these issues must be embedded in the training of nursing staff, in the hospital management strategy and at the political level.
Advancing nursing participation in user-centred design
Authors: Risling Tracie L , Risling Derek E
Published: May 2020

Background

What is the role of nursing in the digital health transformation of the 21st century? The answer to this critical question may rely on how prepared nursing is to enter into design processes associated with this evolution.

Aims

The purpose of this paper is to introduce foundational terminology and tools to support increased nursing participation in user-centred design. Situated within a six-step design process, this includes a new analytic framework combining the disciplinary expertise of computer science with the nursing methodology Interpretive Description.

Methods

The analytic framework and recommended research process were developed over the course of two projects each employing a similar collaborative mixed-methods design. Primary methodological drivers were drawn from the software development life-cycle and Interpretive Description in these digital health intervention studies.

Results

Using aspects of software development practice, an analytic framework was conceived as part of an interdisciplinary research process allowing nurses to integrate their disciplinary expertise in user-centred digital design. The framework allows nurses to parse collected data into a robust set of functional and non-functional requirements for software developers while still engaging in a fulsome interpretive analysis.

Conclusion

There is a need for nursing to occupy a more significant role in the advancement of technology innovation in healthcare. However, a lack of familiarity with design-thinking and associated practical experience impedes nursing voices in this area. Tools and processes are introduced to enhance an existing nursing methodology as a means to extend our disciplinary design capacity.