bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The reality of Organizational justice practices in the academic environment and its impact on the behavior of bullyingField study on faculty members in King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah: واقعُ مُمارساتِ العدالةِ التَّنظيميَّة في البيئة الأكاديميَّة وأثرُها على سُلوك التَّنَمُّر دراسةٌ ميدانيَّةٌ على أعضاء هيئة التَّدريس بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجِدَّة
Authors: Malak Mohammad Al Rasheed, Areej Abdulrhman Alshamasi
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at identifying the organizational justice degree together with its distributive, procedural, interactive and evaluation dimensions in the academic environment. As well as to identify the bullying degree between the faculty members in the academic environment. Detecting any of the regulatory justice dimensions has more contributive degree in mitigating the bullying conduct. The descriptive approach (analytical) has been used to achieve the aims of this study, the researcher distributed a questionnaire (a soft and a hard copy) which contains 38 statement as a tool to collect data. The study society is composed of 2918 faculty members. A random proportional sample of 340 members and 240 male faculty members and 100 female faculty members. Data has been statistically processed using the statistical packages of social sciences. This study achieve many results, the most important thereof is the practicing degree of organizational justice in University of King Abdulaziz, from the point of view of the faculty members was medium degree at 69.4 %. The degree of bullying in the University of King Abdul Aziz, from the point of view at medium degree is 46.8 %. Exercising the organizational justice with its distributive, procedural, interactive and dealings dimensions in affecting the bullying conduct, the distributive justice occupies the largest influence on the bullying conduct, with bullying effect 6.27 %. After that the procedural justice with influence 03.58 %. Then the interactive and dealing justice with influence 2.84 %. In light of these results, the study achieved many recommendations, the most important thereof is the establishment of training courses to keep the academic vice deans and new Heads of Departments in the college, and confirm training them before and after having administrative positions aware of the importance of applying and practicing the organizational justice in the university and its role to mitigate harmful conducts, including bullying. As well as establishment of training courses to keep all faculty member of both genders, of any academic degrees, about the nature of bullying conduct in the work environment, with its forms and damages, as well as the methods of dealing with this conduct.
Formation of Linguistic Professionalism for Students of Non- Specialized Departments at Taibah University: personification and processing in The Light of Introduction to Linguistic Skills: تكوين ملكة اللغة العربية لدى طلاب أقسام غير الاختصاص في جامعة طيبة: تشخيص وعلاج في ضوء مدخل المهارات اللغوية
Authors: Khadijah Mohammed Haji
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to determine the degree of inclusion of both Arabic language skills courses [1] and [2], skills that necessary to form linguistic professionalism among students of departments other than specialization at Taibah University and to present a proposed vision for developing both courses in the introduction of language skills. To achieve this, the study followed the descriptive analytical approach; so a list was built that includes 6 skills: Listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar, and a branch of these skills include 119 skills. In the light of this list, a content analysis card was designed and after verification of its credibility and stability, it was applied in the second semester of the university year (1441H/2020) on The study’s community, which consists of descriptions and books of Arabic language skills [1] and [2], and the branches of analysis reached 10 branches, which included 275 units of analysis, and statistical data processing results have resulted in relative ratio differences in skills provided by two courses, and that they do not integrate skills needed to form Arabic Language Professionalism in non- specialized students; only two skills were received from listening, as same as syntax skills, and the number of speaking skills was limited to 5 skills, while 13 in reading skills, 15 in writing skills, and 36 in grammar skills. In the light of the outcomes, suggestions were provided to develop the two courses with the benefit of the introduction of language skills; balancing conceptual knowledge with language skills; focusing on linguistic practice in listening, reading, speaking and writing; and some of the recommendations and proposed research.
The legal regulation for issuing financing sukuk: Analytical study in the Saudi system: التنظيم القانوني لإصدار صكوك التمويل: دراسة تحليلية في النظام السعودي
Authors: Hoor Abdullah Al-Shikhi
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to clarify the legal aspects of issuing financing sukuk in the Saudi financial market. Because of its important stages, the procedures of which have not been studied in detail and criticized; In the absence of clear legal regulation for it. To address the problem posed therein, this study followed the analytical approach, by analyzing the legal texts related to financing instruments in the Saudi financial market system and its implementing regulations. To demonstrate the appropriateness of these general procedures, usually related to all securities, to be applied to financing sukuk. This study reached conclusions, the most important of which is that the Saudi regulator did not stipulate any condition that must be met in the financing sukuk project or that the project be within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, whether the issuing authority is a Saudi or foreign company. Contracts subject to the provisions of Islamic law. In light of the results of this study, it recommended that the regulatory authorities organize the financing sukuk project and organize the documents and evidence necessary for it related to assets and assets located outside the Kingdom. It also stipulated the necessity of stipulating that the contracts issued in the financing instruments are contracts that are subject to the provisions of Islamic law, especially since the Kingdom adopts the provisions of Islamic law in its dealings.
The Impact of Applying Two Active Learning Strategies on Fifth Grade Students’ Achievement In History: أثر استخدام استراتيجيتين للتعلم النشط على التحصيل الدراسي لطالبات الصف الخامس الأساسي في مادة التاريخ في الأردن
Authors: Thekarayat Mohmmad Al-katatneh
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at investigating the impact of applying two active learning strategies on the achievement of the Fifth grade students in the history course in Jordan. The researcher experimental method the sample of study consisted of (109)the fifth grade students developed an achievement test and applying them on a pilot sample and calculating their reliability using Their reliability values were (0.85). Using ANCOVA revealed a better achievement and level of Fifth grade male students who were taught history by using active discussion than who were taught the same subject using either modified lecture or traditional method. The results also showed a better achievement of Fifth grade male students who were taught history by using modified lecture than who were taught the same subject by using the traditional method. The study presented many recommendations among them: Conducting training courses for history teachers to use active learning strategies in their lesson plans.
The reality of the application of transformational leadership among educational supervisors; Descriptive and analytical study: واقع تطبيق القيادة التحويلية لدى المشرفيين التربويين في سلطنة عمان دراسة وصفية تحليلية
Authors: Khulood Ahmed Amur Alobaidani, Noor hayati Hashim
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to reveal the practice of educational supervisors for transformational leadership supervision and its relationship to their practice of educational supervision. And the correlation between them. The study relied on the descriptive analytical method. The study population consists of all (121) supervisors of the first field of education for the academic year (2018/2019). The study sample included (85) supervisors selected by simple random sample method. The questionnaire was used and consisted of the transformational driving axis. The results of the study showed that the degree of exercise of educational supervisors to the dimensions of transformational leadership was moderate with a mean of the overall arithmetic (3,47) came first place dimension first: the ideal effect (3.73) and followed in the second place: individual considerations (3, 65) In the third place: intellectual stimulation (3.24) and in the last place: inspirational motivation (3.24), the average indicates that the educational supervisor does not apply transformational leadership during supervisory and school visits. The results of the study also showed a strong correlation Between the practice of transformative driving dimensions, and the dimensions of ANS Educational Supervision: The correlation coefficient reached (0.622), while the correlation coefficient square (R²), (0.387); an explanatory capacity (35.6%) of the degree of educational supervisors practice the elements of educational supervision, and this is an indication of the existence of interdependence between them but not applied in practices Educational Supervisor.
The impact of the use of social networks on students in the development of educational achievement in the research material and sources of information for the secondary stage: أثر استخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي على الطلاب في تنمية التحصيل الدراسي في مادة البحث ومصادر المعلومات للمرحلة الثانوية
Authors: Khaled Abdullah Al - Milhani Al - Jahani
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is to find out the impact of social networks on students in the development of educational achievement in the research material and sources of information for the secondary stage. The in-depth interview was used as a research tool, a set of open-ended questions to guide interaction, as well as questionnaires to teachers to record their observations on the use of social networks to enhance the learning process. The research community was confined to secondary schools in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of 300 students from Madinah schools who were randomly selected. The results of the research showed the strength of the interaction of students with teachers and increase the proportion of their response through participation in social networking sites in addition to achieving high rates in the percentage of academic achievement in the research material and sources of information for the secondary stage. Where it became clear that social networking sites have achieved motivation to creativity, as students interact to excel and achieve higher ratios and grades better with teachers. The school also helped to keep up with the educational level of students along with the high contribution of social networks in helping teachers to touch the areas of student default in the subjects.
The importance of the operational auditing instilling confidence on the report of the external auditor: أهمية التدقيق التشغيلي في تحقيق مصداقية تقرير المدقق الخارجي من وجهة نظر محافظي الحسابات بالجزائر
Authors: Zakia Seid benzerrouk,  Khaldah Abdallah Mohammed Esawi
Published: May 2021

The basic topic of This research is to evaluate, from the professionals'' point of view, the effectively of the operational auditing in instilling confidence on the report of the external auditor. It also presents a Field study on a sample drawn from the board of governors of the accounts. To achieve This point, the research depends on the employment of a theoretical model which includes a number of indicators that would be invoked in the Field study. These indicators are linked to the extent of the clarity and comprehensiveness of the approach in supporting the credibility of the report of the external auditor. To achieve thèse objectives, the researchers suggested the following assumptions: -The basic assumption: - The operational auditing participates in supporting the credibility of the external auditor reports. -The minor assumptions: 1-The operational auditing is a modern concept which expanded to include the measurement of the quality and effectiveness and performance évaluation, which Will contribute to establish the credibility of the report of the External Auditor. 2- There is an impact of the operational auditing in reducing the risks to give greater credibility to the report of the External Auditor. The researchers found the following results: 1- The study asserts that the expansion of the operational auditing to include the measurement of the effectively and performance évaluation contribute in instilling credibility on the report of the external auditor. The study also proved, through the practical analysis, that the expansion in this type of auditing contribute and adds credibility on the report of the external auditor and this point asserts the achievement of the first assumption. 2- The study also proved that there is a relationship between the operational auditing and reducing the risks to increase the credibility of the report of the external auditor. This point asserts the achievement of the second assumption. 3-The study also asserted the relationship between the operational auditing and achieving the credibility of the report of the external auditor.
The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Entrepreneurship for Saudi Telecom Companies: أثر رأس المال الفكري في تحقيق ريادة الأعمال لشركات الاتصالات السعودية
Authors: Khaikan Fawaz Abdel Hamid Marai - Hanan Osama Hassan
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to analyze the impact of intellectual capital dimensions in achieving the entrepreneurship of Saudi Telecom companies and the availability of intellectual capital requirements. The data was collected via a questionnaire that was distributed to all telecom companies (Zain, Mobily and STC) in Tabuk region. Field survey was selected and 150 questionnaires were distributed, of which 121 were collectedi.e, 80.7%, which is appropriate for research purposes via the analytical descriptive approach. The study came out with a number of results, prominently the increased tendency of the telecom companies in Tabuk towards the dimensions of intellectual capital. Preservation, of intellectual capital was ranked first, while enhancing customer interest and service was ranked last. Moreover, it was found that there is a significant positive relationship between intellectual capital and entrepreneurship.
The Effect of Web Applications (2.0) in Developing Criticism and Technical Tasting Skills among Middle School Students in Al Baha Area
Authors: Khaled Juman Al - Hasani Al - Zahrani
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the impact of web applications (2.0) in developing the skills of criticism and artistic taste among middle school students in Al-Baha region, as well as to identify the interactive environment needed for web applications (2.0) to develop these skills. Development of those skills. The researcher used the descriptive approach and the experimental approach to achieve the objectives of the study as follows: The descriptive approach in constructing the questionnaire of criticism and technical taste skills, and the questionnaire of building the interactive environment for web applications (2.0). The researcher used the experimental approach in measuring the impact of the web in developing the skills of criticism and taste Technical. The study sample consisted of (40) middle school students in Al-Baha area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Divided into two groups, one experimental (20) students, and the other officer (20) students. The experimental group was exposed to web applications (2.0), while the control group did not receive any application on the web. It was taught in the traditional way. The test was used to measure the significance of the differences between the two study groups. Of the application; and whether that significance is large, medium or small ?.
Types of psychological help-seeking as a result of the Corona Virus pandemic (Covid 19) among individuals in the Sultanate of Oman: أنماط طلب العون النفسي نتيجة جائحة فايروس كورونا (كوفيد19) لدى الأفراد في سلطنة عمان
Authors: Issa Mohammed Almanwari, Said Mohammed Alkalbani
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to uncover patterns of seeking psychological help and its relationship to gender, type of housing and age as a result of the Corona Virus (Covid 19) pandemic among individuals in the Sultanate of Oman. The study sample consisted of (384) male and female individuals who were chosen in a stratified random manner. The study used the descriptive method to collect data and use the questionnaire as a study tool. The results of the study showed that avoiding the request for psychological aid (self-efficacy) is the most appreciated form of individuals for the types of psychological aid request, followed by the request for instrumental help, then avoiding the request for help (show inefficiency). The results also revealed statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in avoiding seeking help (showing inefficiency) in favor of (females), and statistically significant differences in the same axis in favor of the age group (18-30) among all members of the sample. The study also showed that there were no differences between the patterns of seeking psychological help due to the variable type of housing (city / village). The study recommended taking care to educate the community and create a safe and secure environment towards seeking psychological help, and its importance in solving the psychological problems of the individual and society.
The Educational Content Driven from Surat Fatir And Its Educational Applications within Family: المضامين التربوية المستنبطة من سورة فاطر وتطبيقاتها على الأسرة
Authors: Najwa Ahmad Mubark Alkhawari
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research, generally, was to reveal the educational contents driven from Surat Fatir, and to clarify the most prominent educational applications driven from these contents. The descriptive and deductive approaches were used. The research dealt with the definition of the conceptual framework of the educational contents of Surat Fatir, concentrating on its social contents, then presented their applications inside family. Some of the most important results of the research are: The succession in the earth is a value that makes it a big mission for the family through developing a sense of belonging to the homeland, protecting its capabilities, taking into account the reconstruction of the earth and achieving the principle of social partnership within the community. Developing the value of social solidarity and spare other people and taking others into account would build a coherent and fraternal society. So, the believer should keep raising his children to provide a helping hand to the needy. The application of these social educational contents within the family, in word and deed, contributes to develop the level of education within the family.
The extent to which Saudi E-newspapers adhere to professional media standards: مدى التزام الصحف السعودية الإلكترونية بالمعايير المهنية الإعلامية
Authors: Kholoud Abdullah Mohammed Meliani
Published: May 2021

The emergence of the press on the Internet is a new media phenomenon linked to the revolution of information and communication technology. The media landscape has become closer to everyone. The role of the individual is free from the production controls and the policies of the media establishment. Which created a great problem related to the profession and its conditions so that it became easy for the citizen to be a journalist without professional qualification and practical experience in the basic rules of work. The increasing number of electronic media and the impact on Saudi Arabia are an important stage in its media activity. It has been able to reflect a significant role in the world of journalism, to accelerate the use of these new technologies, and to impose itself on the media arena as a strong competitor for paper journalism. However, the multiplicity of electronic platforms, accompanied by many negative repercussions in this aspect, including the absence of professionalism and professionalism and the decline in journalism standards, especially in the climate of freedom enjoyed by the new media and the absence of scissors censor. The aim of this study was to identify the methods and means of communicators in the electronic press to achieve professional standards such as accuracy, credibility, objectivity and neutrality in the dissemination of news and reports through the use of descriptive and analytical approach through the field survey on a sample of the study community. The study relied on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from a sample of 120 Saudi journalists in electronic newspapers and then analyzing and interpreting them. The study reached several results, the most important of which is that there is weakness in the adoption of the Saudi electronic press to the professional standards of objectivity, accuracy, credibility, and impartiality in the dissemination of news and reports. The study also concluded that e-newspapers do not always adhere to the rules of journalistic editing, and sometimes publish what is considered a violation of personal freedom.
Extent of patients' satisfaction in the external services department of Al-Iman General Hospital: مدى رضا المرضى في قسم الخدمات الخارجية بمستشفى الإيمان العام بالرياض
Authors: Faris Wazin Almotairi, Omar Ali Al-Sagheer Sumaida
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the extent of patient satisfaction in the external services section of the General Eman Hospital, and the problem of the study is summarized in the following question, which is the extent of the patients ’satisfaction in the external services section of the general faith hospital from the viewpoint of auditors of the general faith hospital in Riyadh, and the study has significance as the study is a step to identify On the level of quality of medical services aimed at patient satisfaction in the External Services Department of Al-Iman General Hospital. Likewise, this study came to know the level of quality of services provided to patients in the external services department of Al-Iman General Hospital in order to put it and put officials in the picture of the matter, and the study identified hypotheses and there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (5 = 0.05) towards the level of patient satisfaction, and the quality Actual services in the External Services Department of Al-Iman General Hospital, depending on gender, age and educational qualification. The descriptive analytical approach was used to achieve the goals of the study, and the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data, and the study community consisted of auditors of Al Iman General Hospital in Riyadh, and the study sample consisted of (110) male and female auditors from Al Iman Hospital, and a set of statistical methods were used to process the study data By using the SPSS program. In light of this, a number of results were reached, the most important of which are: Health care services, such as the dimensions of service quality, tangibility: (tangible physical aspects), response, safety, and sympathy for patients, to satisfy patients in the external services department of Iman Hospital, have a significant and positive impact on patient satisfaction. Likewise, the degree of satisfaction was satisfactory with regard to the dimensions of quality of service, tangibility: (tangible physical aspects), response, safety, and sympathy for patients, to satisfy patients in the external services department of Iman Hospital. In light of the results, the study recommends the following: - Doctors and nurses should pay attention to the auditors, pay attention to the problems and inquiries of patients, and urge to provide services on time without delay, to meet the requests of patients immediately. - The hospital administration should work on everything that improves the level of satisfaction of the auditors with the provision of modern devices that contribute to providing good medical services, attention to the problems and inquiries of patients, attention to the cleanliness of hospital facilities and the development of medical guidelines, and provide waiting places for auditors.
The Impact of (Lot Upon Dispute) Maxim on Judiciary - A Comparative Study between Islamic Jurisprudence and Positive Law in the Sultanate of Oman-: أثر قاعدة (القرعة عند التَّشَاحِّ) في القضاء – دراسة مقارنة بين الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الوضعي في سلطنة عمان –
Authors: Fahad Khamis Ahmad Al- fahdi
Published: May 2021

The importance of this research lies in identifying the significance of giving due regard to the jurisprudential maxims, especially those related to judicial work. Islamic jurists have paid attention to the maxim of “lot upon dispute” to console the souls and reconcile litigants. This maxim represents the highest and loftiest degrees of social interactions in the Islamic community depending on a prudent Quranic provision and wise prophetic Sunnah. This study is divided into three subjects: First: the definitions of study terms. Second: the researcher addresses the impact of the maxim in the judiciary literature and related topics in the code of procedures, personal affairs and civil transactions. Third: the researcher mentions some exceptions of maxim and the characteristic of lot, then clarifies the legal status of the maxim. The researcher concludes the study with the most important results, such as the jurisprudential maxim combines different issues in a phase of an eloquent meaning and precise wording. Jurists adopt this maxim more than the people of law do in order to achieve justice and block the accusation door. The study refers also to the necessity that those who work in the judiciary work should consider these jurisprudential maxims through establishment and application. Judge or arbitrator shall also act upon this maxim, and seek to reconcile between people through balloting. In addition, the specialized colleges and universities shall adopt the “lot upon dispute” maxim, and exert due diligence in studying it and any subdivided contemporary issues.
?What explains the surge of aggression among jihadists, Schizophrenia or violence: ما يفسر فورة العدوان لدى الجهاديين السكيزوفرينيا أم العنف؟ قراءة في أبحاث سيكولوجية عالمية
Authors: Kamal Amari
Published: May 2021

Schizophrenia is associated with violence and aggressive behavior can be detected, understood and predicted in this context, including jihadist suicide. However, the risk of producing excessive violence in psychiatric patients is quite similar to that of other people, particularly drug users of both sexes. In this article, we present a series of research projects in the field of neuropsychology and psychophysiology that establish a comprehensive suite of promising programs to combat violence. This research is accompanied by an integrated Western theoretical and experimental paradigm aimed at explaining violence based on verifiable scientific hypotheses. In light of the results of this research, leaders can strengthen their role in preventing violence by establishing a plan for treating schizophrenia as a serious mental illness and developing an effective addiction monitoring strategy that allows for the prediction of any individual or collective violent behavior, such as the suicide of jihad.
The Effect of Organizational Justice Components on Occupational Combustion among Workers in Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah Governorate: أثر مكــونات العــدالة التنظـيمية على الاحـتراق الوظــيفي لدى العاملين بمراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية بمحافظة جدة
Authors: Khadija Ali Mahdi
Published: May 2021

The objective of the current study was investigating the influences of organizational justice dimensions on occupational burnout among workers in primary healthcare centers in Jeddah Governors. In addition, the current study intended to examine the relationships between the demographic factors and worker’s perceptions in primary healthcare centers of organizational justice practices and the relationships between the demographic factors and their feelings of organizational justice and occupational burnout in their workplaces. Moreover, the study aimed at investigating the level of occupational burnout among primary healthcare centers workers.   The researcher used the descriptive analytical methodology that depends on the phenomenon study as if it is actually noticed, and pays attention to its accurate description, and highly expressed it in terms of quality and quantity. The current study is applied on a sample of the employees working at the five sectors of the primary healthcare in Jeddah, with sample size reaching (100) after choosing one center from each sector. A questionnaire was used to measure the study variables in addition to using SPSS for data analysis. The main results of the study are stated as: the justice procedures, distribution and treatment have an impact on occupational burnout, through an inverse relationship appearing among the study aspects, this means that the increasing independent variables decline occupational burnout. The study suggests many recommendations: The importance of highlighting the vision, mission, policies and objective clearly and reveal those centres' role as a part of the health care. Nevertheless, it is essential to qualify the primary health care directors in order to be highly experienced in this type of administration, and taking decisions related to employees and their tasks in accordance with sufficient and clear information. Finally, it is essential to assess the employees’ satisfaction about the procedures, treatment and distributions periodically and same as the yearly assessment.
The level of the skills of scientific thinking and mathematical thinking among the students of the primary stage: مستوى مهارات التفكير العلمي والتفكير الرياضي لدى طالبات المرحلة الإبتدائية
Authors: Ilham Bent Ali Al Shalabi  , Shatha bint Ahmed Al Khalifa
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to know the level of scientific thinking skills and the level of mathematical thinking skills. Is there a correlation between the skills of scientific thinking and the mathematical thinking skills of sixth grade students? A study was used to measure the level of scientific and athletic thinking skills. The sample consisted of 455 sixth grade students The total number of female students was 29,680. The descriptive descriptive approach was used to find the relationship between the level of the skills of scientific thinking and mathematical thinking. The most important results of the study were that the level of scientific and sports thinking skills was medium And the level of skills of mathematical thinking, as the higher the level of scientific thinking skills, the higher the level of mathematical thinking skills among students in the sixth grade of primary The study presented several recommendations, the most important of which are the holding of training courses for teachers during the service to train them to employ thinking and skills and train teachers to design scientific positions and implants within the curriculum and address the weakness and lack of thinking skills that appear during teaching and the development of teachers Wu The most important proposals of the study are the study of the auxiliary aspects and the obstacles to the teaching of thinking in the school environment, the extent to which teachers are aware of the skills of thinking and whether they are integrated and taught through teaching, analysis of the content of science and mathematics curriculum developed for the primary stage to learn Availability of basic thinking skills in curricula.
The Degree of applying school principals in Mafraq governorate the good governance criteria - A Field Study on the Principals of Public Schools in Mafraq Governorate – Jordan: درجة تطبيق مديري المدارس في محافظة المفرق لمعايير الحاكمية الرشيدة - دراسة ميدانية على مديري المدارس في محافظة المفرق – الأردن
Authors: Fayez Suleiman Al-Khawaldeh
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at finding out the Degree of applying school principals in Mafraq governorate the good governance criteria, the survey method was used, and the questionnaire was the study tool, the study sample consisting of (158) principals, the study results showed that the degree of applying school principals in Mafraq governorate good governance criteria from the standpoint of the study sample was a fair degree at an average score(3.28 From 5), Standard deviation (0.88), It also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the estimates of the study sample individuals for the reality of competitive advantage in government schools due to the variable of the supervising authority; and for the benefit of the private authority in all fields except the field of integrity and transparency. Based on the results of the study, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals to raise the degree of application of governance in schools by all available means, because the results indicate that the degree of application of governance from the point of view of school principals came with an average degree, which is an unsatisfactory indicator.
The distinction between political crimes and terrorist crimes in the Saudi system and comparative laws: التمييز بين الجرائم السياسية وجرائم الإرهاب في النظام السعودي والقوانين المقارنة
Authors: Khadija Abdul Hamid Alktaishat
Published: May 2021

Terrorist crime is associated with political crime in a number of elements, which have caused a lot of confusion between the two types and have made it difficult to distinguish between them. It has opened wide the door to different and contradictory interpretations and descriptions of the same act. The verb is interpreted according to its political interests. Or so-called policy of double standards, especially at the international level. The research aims to shed light on the distinguishing boundaries between political crimes and terrorist crimes in the Saudi regime and comparative laws. The research shows that the distinction between political crimes and terrorist crimes is very weak in comparison with the great confusion between them in the Saudi regime.
(Testing the causality between Exports, Oil Rent, and Gross Domestic Product in Kuwait: An empirical study for the period (1980 -2017: اختبار السببية بين الصادرات وإيجار النفط والناتج المحلي الإجمالي في الكويت: دراسة تجريبية للفترة (1980 - 2017)
Authors: Saif Sallam Alhakimi
Published: May 2021

The study of the relationship between oil prices, exports, and economic growth has captured the interest of economists for decades, especially for oil-exporting countries. This study intends to determine the relationship and the direction of causation among oil rent, exports, and economic growth in the short-run and long-run, and the causation effects among the variables. Time series data collected from both the world bank and International Monetary Fund databases for the period 1980 to 2017. The series tested for stationarity, cointegration, and causation using the unit root, cointegration, and pairwise granger causality tests. The results revealed that there was a long-run association among the variables. On the other hand, causation only exists between export and economic growth in both directions. Eviews10 statistical software used for the analysis.
A Proposed model for improving interactive electronic learning Methods: نموذج مقترح لتحسين منصات التعليم الإلكترونية التفاعلية في الجامعات السورية
Authors: Lama Nazim Al-Droubi
Published: May 2021

The aim of this research is to explore the most important features of interactive learning and its impact on the success of the educational process by discussing the educational methods used in the educational institutions and presenting the most important problems observed by students and teachers in the traditional educational process, In the educational institutions, and then try to explore the weakness of the educational process in which students find it difficult to education, by asking a questionnaire directed to different segments of the students were randomly selected from some of the university Which showed the need for students to introduce modern methods in education to increase the effectiveness of education and access to the ability to communicate more with teachers, so we have looked at the most important techniques that entered the educational process (electronic board, Which led to the transformation of the teaching process from its traditional form to interactive e-learning. Thus, relying on MVC technology, we introduced a reliable e-learning model to help interact between the learning process Taking into account the results of the questionnaire we have presented in advance. This model helps to standardize the various e-learning systems as a general framework that can be applied in different languages Software, and can handle various end-user operating platforms such as mobile phones with their various systems, computers, tablets and others.
A comparative study of some educational values for practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activities and sports in the physical education class: A field of study of some secondary schools in Djelfa Province, Algeria -: دراسة مقارنة لبعض القيم التربوية للممارسين وغير الممارسين للأنشطة البدنية والرياضية في حصة التربية البدنية: دراسة ميدانية لبعض ثانويات ولايتي الجلفة - الجزائر-
Authors: Lakehal Abderahmen, Azaiz Fairouz
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to know the level of educational values among pupils in the first grade of secondary school, comparing the educational values of practitioners and non-practitioners of physical and sports activities in the physical education quota. The researcher also conducted a study on a sample of 100 elements. Study Tools: The researchers used the following tool: the 35-paragraph value scale prepared by Jaber Abd Rabbo and directed to students, and the researcher used the descriptive analytical method in the study, while the statistical methods were as follows: mathematical average, repetitions, standard deviation, test T, where the results of the study were the value of the calculated stod, which was 3.29, which was greater than the table, which was 1.96. The results of the study revealed that the level of values among pupils in the first grade of secondary school was high, and showed that there were differences between practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity in the share of physical education in educational values. The researchers also recommended attention to the practice of physical and sports education and urged all students to do so, as well as to involve parents in the matter and their awareness about their children's physical education, with the need for teachers to pay attention to values from the mental and psychological aspects of students, which in turn develop values in various fields.
Factors Influencing Online Buying Behavior of Customers in Saudi Arabia: العوامل المؤثرة على سلوك المستهلك عند التسوق عبر الإنترنت في السعودية
Authors: Ahlam Ali Baabdullah, Yasmeen Ansari
Published: May 2021

Recent years witnessed the establishment of many Saudi online stores; the accessibility of such online stores provides online shopping facilities that will increase online shopping in KSA. Therefore, it becomes highly important to study and understand the different factors that affect consumers’ behavior towards online buying in Saudi Arabia based on the fact that e-commerce has been one of the strategic objectives that support fulfilling the Saudi Vision 2030. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that could influence the buying behavior of customers in Saudi Arabia. The present paper has used the descriptive analysis to study the influence of various factors. Saudi online customers are the targeted population of the research. This study collected data using a convenience sampling method. The data was collected through a questionnaire on a sample of 212 respondents. The results of this paper show a positive attitude toward online buying among Saudi customers. The findings confirm that trustworthiness, price, convenience and customer satisfaction are determinants of online buying continuance and they could influence online buying behavior. The findings show that there is no significant difference in online buying behavior, according to social influence. Online Saudi companies should concentrate on setting effective marketing and sales strategies to get more customers into online buying. The findings contribute to the projected growth of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia in light of Saudi Vision 2030.
The role of the Muslim family in the spiritual education of children in light of the challenges of the Internet: دور الأسرة المسلمة في التربية الروحية للأبناء في ضوء تحديات شبكة الإنترنت
Authors: Siteljeel Ibrahim Ali
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the role of the Muslim family in the spiritual education of children in light of the challenges of the Internet, through the development of the Islamic faith in the hearts of children and recommending it to various worships, and to reveal the challenges facing the Muslim family in the spiritual education of children through this network, and to identify the role of the Muslim family in facing these challenges, To achieve these objectives, the study used the descriptive method in collecting and analyzing information, and the results of the study resulted in: that the Muslim family has a major role in the spiritual education of children in light of the challenges of the Internet, and that the success of the role of the family in this education depends on its general culture and Islamic culture, and that the family follows some steps and measures that help it in the spiritual education of children in light of these challenges, and recommended the study, educational institutions for the Muslim family and the development of programs and plans to solve the problems facing the Muslim family in the spiritual education of the Muslim family in the light of these challenges, and recommended the study, educational courses for the Muslim family and the development of programs and plans to solve the problems facing the Muslim family in the spiritual education of the Muslim family. For children, the general education curriculum includes a special course on how to use the Internet, conducting modern educational studies and articles related to the spiritual education of children in light of the challenges of the Internet.
Covid-19 and Its Relationship to the Application of Distance Education in Teaching Social Studies Curriculum for the Upper Basic Stage from the Teachers’ Point of View: كوفيد-19 وعلاقته بتطبيق التعليم عن بعد في تدريس منهج الدراسات الاجتماعية للمرحلة الأساسية العليا من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: Adnan Mohammad Alnwairan, Salsabil Adeeb Hassan
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify Covid-19 and its relationship to the application of distance education in teaching social studies curriculum for the upper basic stage from the teachers’ point of view. The study has used the descriptive-analytical approach, where a questionnaire was employed as the study instrument. The population of the study consisted of a random sample from (311) Social studies teachers. The tool was distributed electronically through the use of social media and email to Social studies teachers of upper basic stage in public schools in three governorates, Amman, Salt and Irbid. The results showed that the impact of COVID-19 on teaching social studies curriculum for the upper basic stage was moderate. Furthermore, the level of applying distance education when teaching the social studies curriculum to the upper basic stage from the Teachers’ Point of view was moderate as well. The results also showed that there is a significant relation between COVID-19 and the level of distance education application when teaching the social studies curriculum for the upper basic stage. The current study recommends going beyond the schools' scope and researches higher education from across the entire Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan as a follow-up to this research's findings. Further qualitative research would be needed in the future to accurately assert the level of applying distance education.
Reasons for brain drain from the point of view of faculty members at the University of Jordan: أسباب هجرة العقول من وجهة نظر أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في الجامعة الأردنية
Authors: Maen Hamdan Slamah Al- Zboun
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to know the reasons for the brain drain from the viewpoint of the faculty members at the University of Jordan and to achieve the goals of the study the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, and the tool was represented in a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of faculty members at the University of Jordan, the number of (100) faculty members , And the SPSS program was used in statistical processing. The results of the study revealed that the overall tool obtained; the causes of brain drain on average (3.82 out of 5) with a verbal (large) estimate and at the level of fields; the field of economic reasons obtained the highest average (4.14) followed by the field of social causes with an average (3.69) and both with a verbal (large) And, thirdly, the field of political causes, with an average of (3.64), with a verbal estimate (average), There were statistically significant differences at the level of (α≤0.05) between the averages of the sample responses attributable to the variable of the college specialization, and for the benefit of the scientific colleges. Aim which enables rare minds to find their specialties within the Arab world.
Difficulties of applying the continuous evaluation to the upper primary students from the point of view of teachers in Saudi Arabia: صعوبات تطبيق التقويم المستمر على طلاب المرحلة الابتدائية العليا من وجهة نظر المعلمين في المملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: Mohammed khzaiyem Omeer Alshammari
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the difficulties of applying the continuous evaluation to the upper primary students from the point of view of the teachers in Hafr Al-Batin governorate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study population consisted of all teachers of the upper grades in all the primary schools for the first semester of the academic year 1440/1439 AH – 2018/2019, (432) teachers. The study sample consisted of (354) teachers who responded to the questionnaire and make up 82% studying. The study data were collected using a questionnaire designed specifically for the purposes of the study. The study found that there are difficulties in the application of continuous evaluation due to the lack of incentives provided to teachers, crowded students in the classroom, and low awareness of parents of their role in the continuous evaluation. The study also recorded the absence of a statistically significant difference in the teachers' response due to the experience variable, while there is a statistically significant difference attributed to the specialization variable.