bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonabsorbable Suture Knot on the Tendon Affects Rotator Cuff Healing: A Comparative Study of the Knots on Tendon and Bone in a Rat Model of Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Sun Yucheng , Kwak Jae-Man , Kholinne Erica , Tan Jun , Koh Kyoung-Hwan , Jeon In-Ho
Published: August 2019

Background:

Nonabsorbable suture knots are usually used to link the tendon and bone during rotator cuff repair surgery. There are many variations in the arthroscopic knot-tying technique; however, the location of suture knot placement for rotator cuff healing has rarely been studied.

Hypothesis:

The authors compared the rotator cuff healing between knots tied on tendon and bone in a rotator cuff tear rat model. It has been hypothesized that knots can cause chronic inflammation and create the weakest link between tendon and bone, thus affecting rotator cuff healing.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Bilateral supraspinatus tenotomy and rotator cuff repair at the greater tuberosity were performed on 24 Wistar rats. Nonabsorbable surgical suture knots were made on the right supraspinatus tendon tissue and left humerus inferior to the greater tuberosity, respectively. Twelve rats each were sacrificed at 3 and 9 weeks. Six of the 12 rats were used for biomechanical testing and the remaining 6 for histologic evaluation.

Results:

The surgical knots placed on the bursal side of the tendon migrated to the articular side, as noted on gross observation in 22 of 24 samples. The knots on the tendon group showed significantly inferior tendon-bone integration and significantly inferior biomechanical results in terms of maximum load to failure and stiffness. An obvious chronic foreign body inflammatory reaction was found in the knots on the tendon group at 3 and 9 weeks. Furthermore, inferior bone-tendon interface regeneration and weakest link formation were obtained in the knots on the tendon group compared with those on the bone group.

Conclusion:

Nonabsorbable suture knots placed on the tendon migrate to the articular side, causing chronic inflammation and weakening tendon-bone healing, which may explain some retears after rotator cuff repair.

Clinical Relevance:

The present animal study suggests that it is not recommended in clinical practice to make several bulky nonabsorbable suture knots on the rotator cuff tendon during rotator cuff repair surgery. It may be better to tie the knots at the bone side or do knotless repair.
Non-invasive assessment of arterial pulsatility in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Cross Troy J , Sajgalik Pavol , Fabian Vratislav , Matera Lukas , Kushwaha Sudhir S , Maltais Simon , Stulak John M , Schirger John A , Johnson Bruce D
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Long-term use of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices may have negative consequences for autonomic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal function. It has thus been suggested that non-invasive monitoring of arterial pulsatility in patients with a left ventricular assist device is highly important for ensuring patient safety and longevity. We have developed a novel, semi-automated frequency-domain-based index of arterial pulsatility that is obtained during suprasystolic occlusions of the upper arm: the ‘cuff pulsatility index’.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cuff pulsatility index and invasively determined arterial pulsatility in patients with a left ventricular assist device.

Methods:

Twenty-three patients with a left ventricular assist device with end-stage heart failure (six females: age = 65 ± 9 years; body mass index = 30.5 ± 3.7 kg m−2) were recruited for this study. Suprasystolic occlusions were performed on the upper arm of the patient’s dominant side, from which the cuff pressure waveform was obtained. Arterial blood pressure was obtained from the radial artery on the contralateral arm. Measurements were obtained in triplicate. The relationship between the cuff pressure and arterial blood pressure waveforms was assessed in the frequency-domain using coherence analysis. A mixed-effects approach was used to assess the relationship between cuff pulsatility index and invasively determined arterial pulsatility (i.e. pulse pressure).

Results:

The cuff pressure and arterial blood pressure waveforms demonstrated a high coherence up to the fifth harmonic of the cardiac frequency (heart rate). The cuff pulsatility index accurately tracked changes in arterial pulse pressure within a given patient across repeated measurements.

Conclusions:

The cuff pulsatility index shows promise as a non-invasive index for monitoring residual arterial pulsatility in patients with a left ventricular assist device across time.
News framing of avian flu: Media advocacy and response to a public health crisis
Authors: Choi Minhee , McKeever Brooke Weberling
Published: August 2019

This study explores how South Korean newspapers reported the issue of AI (avian influenza) by employing framing, and the concepts of media advocacy and mobilizing information (MI). Results indicate that news stories were more likely to attribute blame to the government. Government, scientist/researcher, and farmer sources were most prevalent in news coverage. Mentions of tactical MI for the preventive actions increased. Overall, findings indicate the increased media advocacy efforts during repetitive outbreaks of AI.
Effectiveness of an Advanced Critical Care Echocardiography Course
Authors: Sarkar Pralay Kumar , Boivin Michel , Mayo Paul H.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Advanced critical care echocardiography (CCE) involves comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function for frontline critical care applications. This study reports the effectiveness of a 3-day course in advanced CCE.

Methods:

We studied the outcome of 5 consecutive advanced CCE courses delivered between 2013 and 2017. A total number of 239 learners were studied. The course included didactic lectures, image interpretation sessions, and hands-on training with normal individuals as models. Training domains included left ventricular structure and function, right ventricular structure and function, valve function using comprehensive 2-dimensional imaging, and Doppler-based measurements for cardiac pressures and flows. Measurements of course outcome included pre- and postcourse assessment of knowledge, image acquisition, and image interpretation skills. Learners rotated between hands-on training and interpretation sessions. The teacher-to-learner ratio was 1:3 during hands-on training. Interpretation sessions consisted of review of normal and abnormal echocardiographic videos with interactive small groups. Learners completed a video-based knowledge assessment examination before and after completion of the course. Hands-on image acquisition skills were tested at the completion of the course during all the years. For years 2016 and 2017, a precourse hands-on skill test was also performed.

Results:

There was a statistically significant improvement in knowledge and image interpretation skills in the cohort of 239 learners over 5 years of study period. There was improvement in image acquisition skills over the 2-year period when it was measured pre- and postcourse.

Conclusions:

A 3-day course on advanced CCE resulted in improvement knowledge/image interpretation and hands-on image acquisition skills. Clinical Implications: Advanced CCE has assumed an important place in hemodynamic monitoring of critically ill patients. A course of similar design may facilitate training of frontline clinicians in advanced CCE.
Examining Social Service Providers’ Representation of Trafficking Victims: A Feminist Postcolonial Lens
Authors: Hu Ran
Published: August 2019

As anti-trafficking social service providers (SSPs) facilitate the process of victim recovery and empowerment, they also participate in the dissemination of trafficking-related knowledge to the general public. Drawing on a feminist postcolonial framework, this study sought to examine how anti-trafficking SSPs represent trafficking victims in written narratives published on their organizational websites. Thirty-three narratives were drawn from the websites of 10 New York–based anti-trafficking SSPs. Despite the widespread adoption of a strength-based term, “survivor,” the narratives were found to reinforce a gendered and racialized representation of trafficking victims as sex trafficked women from the “global South” and to (re)produce many “ideal” trafficking victim stereotypes that have been dominating the current discourses of trafficking. A “life transformation” discourse was pervasive, discursively foregrounding the positive impact of the SSPs on trafficking survivors. The findings suggested a need for anti-trafficking SSPs to engage with critical reflection on their positionality and intentionality in representing trafficking victims/survivors and to adopt a survivor-led storytelling paradigm. This study also provided a timely reminder for social work practitioners and researchers to continue to challenge the dominant narratives embedded in their fields of practice, to exercise critical self-reflexivity, and to provide a discursive space for those who have been deprived of voices.
Exploring North Carolina Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Education Practices
Authors: Singletary Nicola , Goodell L. Suzanne , Fogleman April
Published: August 2019

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF recommend that secondary schools include infant feeding education in the curriculum. However, little attention has been given to the study of educators’ views and practices regarding infant feeding education.

Aims

The aims of this research were to (1) explore North Carolina Family and Consumer Sciences teachers’ attitudes towards infant feeding education in secondary schools and (2) describe North Carolina Family and Consumer Sciences teachers’ infant feeding education practices.

Methods

Researchers conducted interviews ( N = 19) and a survey ( N = 137) using a sequential mixed methods design. The constant comparative method was used to analyze interview transcripts. Subsequently, a 33-item survey was developed to assess teachers’ attitudes and practices, and this survey was tested for validity and reliability.

Results

The majority of participants supported including infant feeding ( n = 119, 86.9%) and breastfeeding ( n = 116, 84.7%) education in high school. Approximately half of the participants supported including infant feeding ( n = 71, 51.9%) and breastfeeding ( n = 64, 46.7%) education in middle school. Participants reported that they taught infant feeding at both levels; topics taught included complementary foods, patterns of infant feeding, and the safe preparation of infant formula. Breastfeeding content was covered primarily in the high school Parenting and Child Development course.

Conclusions

North Carolina Family and Consumer Sciences teachers have positive attitudes towards teaching about breastfeeding at the secondary school level. Content about infant nutrition and breastfeeding is currently included in courses that cover child development and human nutrition.
“When We Talk about Gender We Talk about Sex”: (A)sexuality and (A)gendered Subjectivities
Authors: Cuthbert Karen
Published: August 2019

Gender diversity is seemingly prevalent among asexual people. Drawing on qualitative research, and focusing on agender identities in particular, this article explores why this might be the case. I argue that previous explanations that center biologistic understandings of sexual development, the liberatory potential of asexuality, or psycho-cognitive conflict, are insufficient. Instead, I offer a sociological perspective in which participants’ agender subjectivities can be understood as arising from an embodied meaning-making process where gender was understood to be fundamentally about sexuality. I emphasize the importance of understanding asexuality and agender in the broader structural context, as particular subjectivities were shaped and sometimes necessitated in navigating hetero-patriarchy. However, these entangled understandings of (a)sexuality and (a)gender were sometimes rendered unintelligible within LGBTQ+ discursive communities, where there is often a rigid ontological distinction between gender and sexuality arising from histories of misrecognition and erasure. I complicate this, arguing that already-invisible subjectivities may be made even more invisible by this distinction. The article illustrates the need to empirically explore the meanings of the categories “gender” and “sexuality,” and the relationship between them, rather than siloing them in our methodological and conceptual frameworks.
What Predicts Hospital Admissions in Community-Dwelling People With Parkinsonism?
Authors: Sebastian Roshan , Gray William K. , Foley Aishling , Trendall Lydia , Oh Doori , Hand Annette , Dodds Steve , McClenaghan Elliot , Santos Vasco Dos , Oates Lloyd L. , Fisher James , Walker Richard W.
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

Previous studies have looked at the reasons for hospital admission in people with parkinsonism (PwP), yet few have looked at factors that precipitate admission.

Methods:

People with parkinsonism with a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson disease of Hoehn and Yahr stage III-V and those with Parkinson plus syndromes were assessed for motor and nonmotor symptoms, quality of life, and functional performance. Logistic regression was used to investigate predictors of hospital admission over the subsequent 2 years.

Results:

Overall, 162 patients consented to be part of the study. Seventy-one PwP (43.8%) had at least 1 hospital admission, and 17 (10.5%) patients had 3 or more admissions to hospital. Poorer cognition, more nonmotor symptoms, poorer quality of life, slower timed-up-and-go test scores, and abnormal swallow predicted a subsequent hospital admission.

Discussion:

Our study emphasizes the importance of nonmotor symptoms in predicting admission. A cost–benefit analysis of early intervention to prevent admission should be considered.
Anxiety in Informal Dementia Carers: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence
Authors: Kaddour Laura , Kishita Naoko
Published: August 2019

Much of the carer literature has focused on depression and burden as primary outcomes and anxiety appear somewhat neglected. Providing evidence on the prevalence of carer anxiety is critical as it can enhance awareness among professionals, which in turn can lead to improved access to efficacious treatments. This meta-analysis updated the previous review conducted in 2007 to estimate the up-to-date prevalence of anxiety in informal carers for people with dementia. Literature searches were conducted in databases of published and unpublished literature. Events and sample size data were pooled using a random effects model to obtain an overall prevalence percentage. A total of 10 studies were included, resulting in a pooled estimate of anxiety prevalence at 32.1% (95% confidence interval: 20.6%-46.2%, P = .01). Significant heterogeneity was found, which was not reduced following sensitivity analysis. This study suggests anxiety is a prevalent difficulty experienced by dementia carers. Additional research recommendations and clinical implications are discussed.
Impact of Incorporating Pharmacy Residents Into a Pharmacist-Managed Culture Review Service During Weekend Staffing Commitments
Authors: Campo Melissa , Samai Kathryn E. , Dean Jaymes E. , Lund Jeremy A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Clinical pharmacy continues to rapidly evolve as does the need to incorporate unique learning opportunities in pharmacy residency training (eg, transitions of care).

Objective:

To describe the impact of incorporating pharmacy residents into a pharmacist-managed emergency department culture review service (CRS).

Methods:

This retrospective study included 500 cultures with positive results evaluated by a pharmacy resident during weekend staffing shifts for patients discharged from the emergency department or urgent care center (UCC). The primary outcome of this study was the number of interventions performed by pharmacy residents.

Results:

Of the 500 cultures evaluated, 275 (55%) required action by the pharmacy residents, resulting in 233 interventions. Modification of antimicrobial therapy occurred 70 times. When surveyed, a majority of residents strongly agreed that the CRS had a positive impact. Based on evaluations, residents achieved mastery of pertinent residency performance objectives.

Conclusion:

Incorporation of pharmacy residents into a pharmacist-managed emergency department CRS promotes safe and effective medication use to patients discharged from an emergency department or UCC while providing residents additional experience in designing a therapeutic regimen, providing education to patients, and communicating with health-care teams to manage medication therapy.
On the margins of friendship: Aggression in an elementary school peer group
Authors: Harger Brent
Published: August 2019

This article uses qualitative data from a larger study of two elementary schools in a rural city of about 15,000 people in the Midwestern United States. Here, I focus on a single peer group and those who are on its margins to provide insight into the intersection of friendship, aggression, and masculinity. In doing so, I address the lack of research examining how aggression functions within peer groups and why those who are victimized choose to remain in these groups.
Sense and avoid for small unmanned aircraft systems: Research on methods and best practices
Authors: Skowron Michal , Chmielowiec Witold , Glowacka Karolina , Krupa Magdalena , Srebro Adam
Published: August 2019

In this study, we discuss recent advances and state-of-the-art sense-and-avoid solutions for small unmanned aircraft systems. The purpose of this paper is to equip the reader with the most up-to-date information on research and commercial efforts aimed at introducing autonomous small unmanned aircraft systems into the shared airspace. We present a broad overview of the regulatory environment, current abilities, and limitations of various sensor types as well as algorithmic and computational aspects of establishing a reliable sense-and-avoid platform. This paper reviews a substantial portion of the literature, focusing on developing reliable sense-and-avoid systems. It brings together information from various sources, including commercial drone and sensor manufacturers, regulatory agencies, as well as basic research performed in this regard. While academic and industrial research activities aimed at developing an effective sense-and-avoid system for small unmanned aircraft systems are intensifying, the current technology does not yet allow for a comprehensive solution that would enable autonomous flight. However, recent advances in hardware miniaturization, increases in computational power, and new algorithmic solutions allow us to remain optimistic about future developments.
The Effect of Older Siblings on Language Development as a Function of Age Difference and Sex
Authors: Havron Naomi , Ramus Franck , Heude Barbara , Forhan Anne , Cristia Alejandrina , Peyre Hugo ,   the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group, Annesi-Maesano I. , Bernard J. Y. , Botton J. , Charles M. A. , Dargent-Molina P. , de Lauzon-Guillain B. , Ducimetière P. , De Agostini M. , Foliguet B. , Forhan A. , Fritel X. , Germa A. , Goua V. , Hankard R. , Heude B. , Kaminski M. , Larroque B. , Lelong N. , Lepeule J. , Magnin G. , Marchand L. , Nabet C. , Pierre F. , Slama R. , Saurel-Cubizolles M. J. , Schweitzer M. , Thiebaugeorges O.
Published: August 2019

The number of older siblings a child has is negatively correlated with the child’s verbal skills, perhaps because of competition for parents’ attention. In the current study, we examined the role of siblings’ sex and age gap as moderating factors, reasoning that they affect older siblings’ tendency to compensate for reduced parental attention. We hypothesized that children with an older sister have better language abilities than children with an older brother, especially when there is a large age gap between the two siblings. We reanalyzed data from the EDEN cohort ( N = 1,154) and found that children with an older sister had better language skills than those with an older brother. Contrary to predictions, results showed that the age gap between siblings was not associated with language skills and did not interact with sex. Results suggest that the negative effect of older siblings on language development may be entirely due to the role of older brothers. Our findings invite further research on the mechanisms involved in this effect.
‘Do you think it’s a crime?’ Building joint understanding of victimisation in calls for help
Authors: Tennent Emma
Published: August 2019

Society has a moral obligation to help victims, but who is recognised as a victim is a contentious issue. Social interaction is a key site where shared understandings of victimisation are built. This article analyses calls to a Victim Support helpline using conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis. Callers described experiences of crimes to account for requesting help. Call-takers claimed the rights to describe and assess callers’ experiences in terms of institutional constraints. Call-takers disavowed the category crime to deny callers’ requests and ascribed the category crime to accountably offer help. Participants negotiated their respective rights to describe callers’ experiences and determine the kind of help needed. The analyses demonstrate how participants’ different understandings of victimisation were consequential for the delivery or withholding of support.
Automatic flight control design considering objective and subjective risks during carrier landing
Authors: Wang Lipeng , Zhang Zhi , Zhu Qidan
Published: August 2019

In this article, a design scheme of automatic carrier landing system control law based on combination of the objective risk and the subjective risk is proposed, in order to improve the safety and flying quality of the landing. The nonlinear longitudinal mathematical model is constructed in the air wake turbulence condition during carrier landing, which is transformed into a linear perturbed model by the state-space equations with deviation state variables. The concepts of the objective risk and the subjective risk in the recovery of an aircraft aboard a carrier are addressed. A principle of predicting the future states based on the current ones is put forward so that a mathematic model for the objective risk is established, synthetically considering the current and future landing state deviations. For the other risk, the corresponding model is obtained by the subjective experiences of the pilots in the flight simulation tests. Furthermore, a novel model predictive control algorithm, which contains the additional subjective risk and the time-varying weights of the state terms, is proposed. Automatic carrier landing control law is built by introducing the objective risk, the subjective risk, and the effect of carrier air wake disturbance. In the rolling optimization progress, these time-varying weights are dynamically tuned according to the constantly changing objective risk to control the state deviations and suppress this risk, while the subjective risk is handled by the additional risk terms. Besides, the action of carrier air wake disturbance is considered and compensated in the derivation of the linear matrix inequalities. Test results based on a semi-physical simulation platform indicate that the new automatic carrier landing system control algorithm proposed by this article brings about an excellent carrier landing performance as well as an improved flying quality.
The Role of Personality in Sexual and Reproductive Health
Authors: Allen Mark S.
Published: August 2019

Strong evidence suggests that sexual behavior and reproductive success can be predicted by personality traits. Here, I review new studies that have contributed to the understanding of these associations and outline potential avenues for further research. Findings show that extraversion is the most important personality trait in sexual behavior (number of lifetime sexual partners, involvement in casual sex, marital infidelity, condom use, male and female sexual dysfunction, sexual coercion, and sexual harassment) and that neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are also associated with these outcomes. Extraversion has emerged as the most important personality trait for fertility in men but appears relatively unimportant for fertility in women. Findings for other personality traits are somewhat mixed, probably because of variations in research design, and further prospective studies are recommended to address potential bidirectional associations. Further research is also needed in adolescent samples, in understudied topic areas (e.g., sexually transmitted infections, biomarkers of fertility), and on personality similarity between sexual partners in samples from both poor and developed nations.
Nonlinear modeling of the failure of a graphite epoxy under a three-point bending test
Authors: Benbouras Youssef , Bellahkim Mouad , Maziri Aziz , Mallil Elhassan , Echaabi Jamal
Published: August 2019

The application of modeling theories and the choice of failure criteria are difficult in part because they are too varied and must be validated by biaxial tests, which are expensive to be performed. This article is devoted to the nonlinear modeling and failure criteria which are employed in the design and analysis of anisotropic materials. Indeed, in this work, a study of the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of a graphite epoxy under a three-point bending test is conducted, and the successive failures are also predicted. Experimentally, the damage progression and the effect of geometrical parameters are followed and identified in detail. The analytical modeling is based on a recently developed approximation for isotropic materials. This approximation is also valid for the studied quasi-isotropic laminated composite. A software program has been elaborated for the application of the most general failure criteria. The results obtained by this analytical modeling show a good correlation with those of the experimental study.
Strengthening Noncommunicable Disease Research Capacity and Chronic Disease Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in South Asia: Implementation and Evaluation of the ASCEND Program
Authors: Byrnes Allison , Haregu Tilahun Nigatu , Pasricha Naanki , Singh Kavita , Thirunavukkarasu Sathish , Wickkramasinghe Kremlin , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman , Oldenburg Brian
Published: August 2019

This article describes the design, outcomes, challenges, and lessons learned from the ASian Collaboration for Excellence in Non-Communicable Disease (ASCEND) program, implemented between 2011 and 2015 in India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. The program involved a blended-delivery model, incorporating online and face-to-face training, mentoring, and supervision of trainees’ research projects. Evaluation data were collected at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Intended outcomes, lessons, and challenges were summarized using a logic model. During the program period, 48 participants were trained over 2 cohorts in June 2011 and 2012. The trainees published 83 peer-reviewed articles between 2011 and 2015. Additionally, 154 presentations were given by trainees at national and international conferences. Underutilization of the online learning management system was an important challenge. Utilizing a combination of intensive face-to-face and online learning and mentoring of early career researchers in low- and middle-income countries has great potential to enhance the research capacity, performance, and outputs.
Health as Human Capital in Entrepreneurship: Individual, Extension, and Substitution Effects on Entrepreneurial Success
Authors: Hatak Isabella , Zhou Haibo
Published: August 2019

This study investigates how entrepreneurial health and spousal health influence monetary and non-monetary entrepreneurial success. Drawing on human capital theory in combination with a family embeddedness perspective on entrepreneurship and applying actor–partner interdependence models to longitudinal data, we conclude that overall spousal health constitutes an important extension of entrepreneurs’ human capital influencing entrepreneurial success. This study further contributes to human capital research by offering interesting insights and novel theorizing on substitution effects for different types of entrepreneurial human capital, and adds to a biological perspective on entrepreneurship by considering the differential role of biological sex in the health–success relationship.
Bipolar Disorder, Genetic Risk, and Reproductive Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study of Social Media Discussion Boards
Authors: Sahota Puneet K.C. , Sankar Pamela L.
Published: August 2019

In this study, we present views on bipolar disorder and reproductive decision-making through an analysis of posts on Reddit™, a major Internet discussion forum. Prior research has shown that the Internet is a useful source of data on sensitive topics. This study used qualitative textual analysis to analyze posts on Reddit™ bipolar discussion boards that dealt with genetics and related topics. All thread titles over 4 years were reviewed ( N = 1,800). Genetic risk was often raised in the context of Redditors’ discussions about whether or not to have children. Reproductive decision-making for Redditors with bipolar was complex and influenced by factors from their past, present, and imagined future. These factors coalesced under a summative theme: for adults with bipolar disorder, what was the manageability of parenting a child? Reproductive decisions for individuals with bipolar disorder are complex, and Reddit™ is a novel source of information on their perspectives.
Process of Change and Effectiveness of Family Constellations: A Mixed Methods Single Case Study on Depression
Authors: Ramos Sandra , Ramos Jorge A.
Published: August 2019

Aims:

To analyze the process of change and the effectiveness of five sessions of family constellations (FC) using mixed methods in mixed settings (videoconference and in person). To obtain variables associated with processes and results.

Methods:

Using an exploratory design with mixed methods, this single case study used a triangulation of data: quantitative ( Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse-21) and qualitative (the notes from the consultations and the patient’s responses to the Psychotherapeutic Process Data Mining Questionnaire [PPDMQ]).

Results:

The patient’s symptoms of depression went from a level of severe to normal, and the posttest results persisted after a 3-month follow-up. The severe depression seems to have been mitigated through interventions that promoted contact with reality, self-determination, the psychoemotional establishment of systemic places, and through finding meaning in autobiographical events.

Conclusions:

This article may encourage further studies that use the PPDMQ to create a metasynthesis and to gauge whether the effectiveness of FC, as a systemic, intergenerational, and integrative psychotherapy, could plausibly contribute to enrich the body of scientific evidence–based psychotherapies and mitigate the global escalation of depression.
Supporting Postdivorce Stepfathering: Directions for Family Counselors
Authors: Gold Joshua M.
Published: August 2019

With the growth in the numbers of stepfamilies, plus the scholarly and clinical attention paid to their sustainability and success, their dissolution rate still exceeds that of nuclear families. This process impacts all members of this family constellation. Over 85% of stepfamilies are created by the addition of a stepfather to an existing family unit of a biological mother and children, so stepfamily divorce separates the stepfather from his stepchildren. In those instances, counselors may need to assist stepfathers to maintain their ties of affection to their ex-stepchildren considering stepfathers’ absence of legal recourse ( n = 94).
Latina/o Family Caregivers’ Reactions to Limited Help From Relatives: From Frustration to Resilience
Authors: Koerner Susan Silverberg , Shirai Yumi
Published: August 2019

Using a qualitative approach, the current study aimed to understand how Latina/o primary caregivers react to and cope with a lack of (or limited) help from their relatives when an elder is in need of care. In-person semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 caregivers of Mexican descent; most were female and 84% cared for an older parent or parent-in-law. Inductive thematic analyses resulted in a multifaceted process model that reveals (a) reactions to a lack of help often include anger, frustration, hurt, or resentment; (b) negative reactions can be exacerbated or mitigated by caregivers’ explanations for the lack of help and by the quality of caregiver–relative interactions; and (c) coping with and acceptance of the lack of help can evolve over time, aided by caregiver cognitive reframing, realization that negative feelings are ineffectual and/or lead to conflict, and/or other self-protective strategies. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
The State from Below: Distorted Responsiveness in Policed Communities
Authors: Prowse Gwen , Weaver Vesla M. , Meares Tracey L.
Published: August 2019

This article uses a new technology, “Portals,” to initiate conversations about policing between individuals in communities where this form of state action is concentrated. Based on more than 800 recorded and transcribed conversations across 12 neighborhoods in five cities, the largest collection of policing narratives to date, we analyze patterns in discourse around policing. Our goal in closely analyzing these conversations is to uncover how people who experience state authority through policing characterize democratic governance by mapping citizens’ experiences with and views of the state, how they judge the responsiveness of authorities, and their experience-informed critiques of democracy. Methodologically, we argue that observing through Portals real conversations of ordinary people largely unmediated by the researcher allows us to transcend certain limitations of traditional, survey-based techniques and to study politics in beneficially recursive ways. Theoretically, we demonstrate that Portals participants characterize police as contradictory—everywhere when surveilling people’s everyday activity and nowhere if called upon to respond to serious harm. We call this Janus-faced interaction with the state “distorted responsiveness,” and we demonstrate the organic connection of this characterization of police to our participants’ theorization of their broader relationship with the state. We argue that their understandings of their own relationships with the key state institutions in their lives are foundational to developing a fuller understanding of democracy in action. In short, by focusing on how individuals experience citizenship in the city through ordinary experiences with municipal bureaucrats who figure prominently in their lives, we can develop a theory of the state from below.
Prematurity and ADHD in Childhood: An Observational Register-Based Study in Catalonia
Authors: Perapoch J. , Vidal R. , Gómez-Lumbreras A. , Hermosilla E. , Riera L. , Cortés J. , Céspedes M. C. , Ramos-Quiroga J. A. , Morros R.
Published: August 2019

Objective: To evaluate the association between prematurity (by the gestational week [gw]) and ADHD during childhood. Method: Observational, matched cohort study using data from children born in a tertiary-level hospital (Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Catalonia, Spain) during 1995-2007 and data from the Information System for the Development of Research in Primary Health Care (SIDIAP database, Catalonia, Spain). Results: Prevalence of ADHD increases as gestational age decreases, 12.7% for those born ≤28 gw, compared to 3.2% for those born after the 37 gw. The risk of developing ADHD in the non-premature children tends to increase as the gw decreases (35-36 gw, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.19, 2.44]; 33-34 gw, HR = 3.38, 95% CI [2.08, 5.50]; 29-32 gw, HR = 2.37, 95% CI [1.54, 3.63]; and ≤28 gw, HR = 5.57, 95% CI [2.49, 12.46]) Conclusion: Being born preterm is associated with a risk of developing ADHD, also in late preterm children (35-36 gw). Attention when taking care of these infants regarding their mental health must be made.
Histologic evaluation of parovarian nodules in the cat
Authors: Haase-Berglund Meghann L , Yang Ching , Premanandan Christopher
Published: August 2019

Objectives

A notable, although relatively uncommon, finding during feline ovariohysterectomy is the presence of parovarian nodules, located proximal to the ovary, near or within the ovarian vascular bundle. They are usually 2–3 mm in diameter, white-to-tan in color and glandular in appearance. The objective of this study was to either decisively reinforce the existing findings reported in the literature, which suggest that these parovarian nodules are incidental adrenocortical nodules that are clinically and surgically insignificant, or capture any samples that were not ectopic adrenal tissue in order to characterize them histologically.

Methods

Ninety-one formalin-preserved tissue sections containing parovarian nodules were collected during routine feline elective ovariohysterectomy and evaluated histologically.

Results

Definitive histologic information was obtained from 73/91 (80.2%) submitted samples. Fifty-two of 73 (71.2%) samples were determined to contain accessory adrenal gland cortex. Twenty of 73 (27.4%) samples were determined to contain residual mesonephric structures. While accessory adrenocortical nodules were found bilaterally in cats of all ages, mesonephric structures were predominantly right-sided, and only found in one cat over the age of 1 year. Ectopic or accessory ovarian tissue was not found in any of the samples.

Conclusions and relevance

This study adds to the existing body of data which suggest these nodules are incidental structures that do not need to be removed during surgical sterilization. However, further in vivo studies with larger sample sizes and years of follow-up would be required to more definitively prove this theory.
Why Is Mom Stressed: Homeorhesis as the Potential Problem and Nicotinamide Riboside as the Potential Solution
Authors: Brenner Charles
Published: August 2019

The remodeling of female mammalian physiology to support the development of a fertilized egg into an externally breathing individual and then to provide all the nutrition to this individual while remodeling back to nearly her pregestational state is without parallel in male mammalian physiological transitions. While it is common parlance to refer to postpartum depression as a not infrequent stress in women, the postpartum physiological changes after every birth constitute profound metabolic stresses that are understudied and have important nutritional, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental implications for the maternal and neonatal health of every mammalian species. We discovered that the postpartum liver of a lactating female mouse has a depressed nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolome linked to circulation of higher levels of NAD metabolites in support of a >20-fold increase in NAD coenzymes in the mammary. Furthermore, by supporting a new mother’s apparent higher demand for NAD precursors, we increased circulation of prolactin, superinduced mammary biosynthetic programs, increased her time of arched-back nursing, enhanced mammary production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, promoted postgestational weight loss, advanced the neurobehavioral development of her offspring, and allowed them to mature as stronger and more resilient adults with advantages in hippocampal neurogenesis and body composition. These results show that a new mother’s capacity for biosynthesis and functionally important nurturing is apparently limited by NAD. Here, we discuss homeorhetic flow of resources from a new mother to her offspring in the context of NAD metabolism and suggest avenues for future investigation.
Consumer Perception of Biotin Supplementation
Authors: John Jason J. , Lipner Shari R.
Published: August 2019

Background

Biotin is an essential cofactor for metabolic pathways in humans. It is frequently self-prescribed by consumers and often recommended by dermatologists and primary care physicians, despite limited evidence of its effect on skin, hair, and nail disorders. A recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning stated that biotin can interfere with laboratory tests.

Objectives

Our objectives were to determine the perception of biotin by Amazon consumers, including perception of improvement in hair, skin, or nails with biotin supplementation and consumers’ awareness of the FDA warning on biotin.

Methods

The keyword biotin was searched on Amazon.com, and the top 1 percentile of biotin products according to average consumer review were analyzed for dosage, indications, price, quantity, warnings, number, and average score of reviews.

Results

From 16 biotin products analyzed, the mean review score was 4.38. The mean percentage of reviews stating that biotin helped hair, nails, and skin was 27.2%, 15.03%, and 2.8%, respectively. No biotin products mentioned the FDA warning, and only 1 reviewer referenced the warning.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that biotin supplementation is prevalent and perceived as helpful despite limited evidence of improvement. The majority of biotin users were unaware that biotin interacted with laboratory testing demonstrating the need for biotin manufacturers to include a warning label about the FDA warning and for physicians to warn their patients on the risks and benefits of biotin supplementation.
Assessing the Effect of Clinical Trial Evidence and Anecdote on Caregivers’ Willingness to Use Corticosteroids: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Johnson Matthew C. , Pona Adrian , Adler-Neal Adrienne L. , Kesty Chelsea , Cline Abigail , Feldman Steven R.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) is hindered by nonadherence, but caregiver reassurance may help overcome this hurdle.

Objectives:

To assess caregivers’ willingness to treat childhood AD with a corticosteroid when presented with clinical trial evidence, anecdote, or both.

Methods:

A total of 476 caregivers were recruited through a dermatology clinic and online crowdsourcing platform. Subjects were randomized to receive clinical trial evidence, anecdote, or both, using either the term “medication” or “topical steroid.” Additional caregivers were queried about their willingness to treat with the doctor’s recommendation or without knowledge of its safety information. Responses were recorded on a 10-point Likert scale.

Results:

Caregivers’ willingness to treat was higher in all information assignment groups compared to those not provided with safety information: clinical trial evidence of a “medication” ( P = .003; Cohen’s d = 0.83) or “topical steroid” ( P = .030; d = 0.55), anecdote of a “medication” ( P < .0001; d = 1.37) or “topical steroid” ( P < .0001; d = 0.85), both clinical trial evidence and anecdote of a “medication” ( P < .0001; d = 1.00) or “topical steroid” ( P = .000; d = 0.89), and simply the doctor’s recommendation ( P < .0001; d = 0.92). Significance was corrected for multiple comparisons to 0.0018. There were no differences between caregivers of children with and without AD ( P = .36).

Conclusions:

Providing anecdotal reassurance, even in the setting of reported high willingness to treat with the doctor’s recommendation, may be an effective strategy to improve caregivers’ perceptions of starting new medications.
Time travel with Professor Mayer
Authors: Schwartz Morry
Published: August 2019

Reading Henry Mayer’s book, The Media in Australia published in 1964, Morry Schwartz ponders what has changed since then. What would Professor Mayer made of the Internet revolution? Could he have predicted the spectacular demise of the afternoon newspapers? He was also an enthusiastic supporter of the new national paper, The Australian; so what would he have made of it 50 years later? What would he think of the future of the media if he were here today? In light of the history of the media since Mayer’s study, Morry Shwartz’s 2018 Mayer Lecture shares his ideas and strategies for the future of The Monthly and The Saturday Paper, along with his decision to keep publishing editions in print, which has much to do with today’s critical issue of trust in the news.
Journalism by numbers: trajectories of growth and decline of journalists in the Australian census 1961–2016
Authors: O’Regan Tom , Young Catherine
Published: August 2019

In this article, we use the five-yearly census of occupations to develop an historical perspective on Australian journalist employment from 1961. We do so for two reasons. First, we gauge the impact on journalist employment of online media from 1996 and media platforms since 2006 comparing these to previous media transformations. Second, we explore journalism and its occupational profile noting its close connection with authors and public relations professions. To allow for a period when the Australian Bureau of Statistics placed journalists and authors together as in a single occupational grouping (from 1961 to 1981), we track their combined employment from 1961 to 2016. From 1986, we consider journalists and authors separately. In each case, we consider numbers employed, their respective proportion of the workforce and their compound annual growth rates establishing the extent to which employment grew above – or fell below – that of the workforce as a whole. We show the gradual recalibration of journalists and their writer–author counterparts with respect to each other. From 1996, we outline the performance of different kinds of journalist over the 20 years to 2016 covering both online’s first open Internet decade and its second closed media platform from 2006 to 2016.
Development of electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing slurry for silicon carbide wafer
Authors: He Yan , Yuan Zewei , Cheng Kai , Duan Zhenyun , Zhao Wenzhen
Published: August 2019

Single-crystal silicon carbide, as one of the most promising next-generation semiconductor materials, should be polished with atomically smooth and damage-free surface to meet the requirements of semiconductor applications. The research presented in this paper aims to develop an electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing method for atomic smoothing of Si-face (0001) 4H-SiC wafer based on the powerful oxidability of UV photo-excited hydroxyl radical on nano semiconductor particles. The research identifies the influences of photocatalyst, electron capturer, UV light, voltage and pH value by designing the orthogonal fading experiments of methyl orange and thus develops several slurries for electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing accordingly. It also demonstrates that photocatalyst, UV light, electron capturer, and acid environment being necessaries for the electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing process. Electricity can effectively prevent the recombination of electrons and holes generated on the surface of semiconductor particles and therefore enhance the polishing efficiency. Five photocatalysts including 5 nm TiO2, P25, ZnO, CeO2 and ZrO2 have envious selectivity to the UV light. The slurry with P25 as the photocatalyst and H2O2 as electron capturer presents best polishing performance among, which provides a material removal rate of about 1.18 µm/h and a surface roughness of about Ra 0.0527 nm in an area of 1.0 × 1.0 µm. Furthermore, it also discusses how the UV light irradiation and electricity promotes the chemical oxidation of hydroxyl radical with SiC by forming “Si-C-O”, “Si-O” and “C-O” on SiC surface. The paper concludes that the proposed electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing is an effective and clean manufacturing method for SiC wafer without rendering toxic chemical effect on environment and human health.