bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Survival of Esophageal Cancer With Bone Metastasis: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of The SEER Database
Authors: chen junyuan , Li Jieruo , Mok Tsz-Ngai , Zhong Jiaquan , She Guorong , Wang Huajun , Wang Qiushi , Huan Songwei , Zha Zhengang , Luo Simin , Liu Ning
Published: August 2021

Background

The esophageal cancer patients with bone metastasis present with an extremely poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive insight into whether chemotherapy is justifiably being prescribed to esophageal cancer patients with bone metastasis.
Methods

A population-based retrospective study was conducted with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) national database. By performing 1:1 paired match propensity score matching (PSM), we minimized the baseline discrepancies between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with survival. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to assess the effects of chemotherapy on survival.
Results

The final PSM cohort consisted of 730 patients, including 365 patients in the chemotherapy group and 365 patients in the non-chemotherapy group. There was a significant difference in overall survival (OS, p < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (CSS, p < 0.001) between the two groups. The median OS time for the chemotherapy group was 9.8 (95% CI: 8.5–11.2) months, and it was decreased to 2.3 (95% CI 1.9–2.7) months in the non-chemotherapy group. Multivariate analysis confirmed that chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p < 0.001) and CSS (p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that chemotherapy could significantly improve OS (p < 0.001) and CSS (p < 0.001) both in squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma subgroup. However, there was no significant difference in both OS (p = 0.291) and CSS (p = 0.651) between the two groups for stage Ⅰ esophageal carcinoma.
Conclusion

Chemotherapy significantly improved OS and CSS in esophageal cancer patients with bone metastasis. However, chemotherapy might not improve the prognosis of grade I esophageal cancer.
Non-BRCA1/BRCA2 High-Risk Familial Breast Cancers are Not Associated with a High Prevalence of BRCAness
Authors: Andersen Lars , Larsen Martin , Davies Helen , Degasperi Andrea , Nielsen Henriette , Kroeldrup Lone , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Lænkholm Anne-Vibeke , Kruse Torben , Nik-Zainal Serena , Thomassen Mads
Published: August 2021

Familial breast cancer is in most cases unexplained due to the lack of identifiable pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Using genome sequencing, we first noted for non-BRCA1/BRCA2 tumours, only a small proportion (3/23) demonstrated features of BRCAness, with high HRDetect scores and concomitant somatic BRCA1 mutation or promoter hypermethylation to explain their BRCAness. Second, a small proportion (4/23) showed no features of BRCAness but had mutationally active tumours. Third, the remaining tumours lacked features of BRCAness and were mutationally quiescent. Only few families could be explained by pathogenic germline variants in other genes or polygenic risk score.
Zinc L-Carnosine Inhibits The Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory HMGB1 Protein From Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage
Authors: Ooi Theng Choon , Chan Kok Meng , Sharif Razinah
Published: August 2021

Dysregulation in the secretion of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) protein has been shown to modulate the progression of sepsis. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to explore the potential of zinc L-carnosine (ZnC) in inhibiting the secretion of HMGB1 from RAW 264.7 murine macrophages after induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Generally, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with ZnC (0–100 µM) for 2 hours before challenged with LPS (1 µg/mL). After 22 hours of LPS induction, RAW 264.7 cells pretreated with ZnC showed significantly higher intracellular HMGB1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that ZnC was capable to suppress the secretion of HMGB1 protein into the extracellular compartments. Besides, significant increment in intracellular free thiol level was also detected in ZnC pretreated cells. In addition, ZnC was demonstrated to inhibit the late phase NF-κB activation, but not the early phase NF-κB activation. Moreover, after induced with LPS for 30 minutes, pretreatment with ZnC was also demonstrated to increase the phosphorylated-Akt/Akt ratio in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that the immunomodulatory effects of ZnC may associated with the Akt signaling pathway. In summary, ZnC can prevent the secretion of HMGB1 from RAW 264.7 cells and suppress the NF-κB activation after induction with LPS. Results from this present study propose that ZnC possesses good potential to be used in the management and treatment of sepsis by inhibiting the secretion of HMGB1 from immune cells.
Frequency of Confirmed Congenital Renal Malformations in Neonates with Antenatal Diagnosis of Renal Anomalies Presenting In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Setting of a Low Income Country.
Authors: Siddique Qurat-Ul-Ain , JAMALI ABID , Fatima Sanober , Parkash Jai
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:: Approximately 20 to 30% of all anomalies identified in the prenatal period are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Widespread antenatal screening has resulted in increased detection of anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. There are limited studies on the postnatal confirmation of these antenatally detected renal malformations. Moreover, there is no local data available in this regard. So, we conducted the study so that we can obtain local data as well as we can plan management and prevention protocols for such chronically, and sometimes critically, ill neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi during 2017-2018. The sample size was 100 cases. The sampling technique was non-probability consecutive sampling. All neonates aged 1-28 days of either gender admitted in NICU with antenatal diagnosis of congenital renal anomalies on anomaly scan were included in the study. Preterm neonates (gestational age below 34 weeks) and neonates having siblings with similar congenital problems were excluded. RESULTS:: The mean age of the neonates in our study was 10.17 ±9.30 days and the mean gestational age at birth was 36.65 ±1.16 weeks. The majority of the neonates, that is 65%, were males while 35% were females. Sixty-six per cent (66%) neonates were ≤10 days of age while 34% were >10 days of age. Fifty five% of the neonates were ≤36 weeks of gestation at birth while 45% were >36 weeks of gestation at birth. Frequency of postnatally confirmed congenital renal malformation was observed in 78 (78%) neonates. Neonates whose age at presentation was >10 days were slightly more likely to have confirmed congenital renal malformation as compared to neonates with ≤10 days of age, which is 85.3 % vs 74.2 % (p-value 0.206). Males and females were found to have almost equal postnatally confirmed congenital renal malformations (78.5 % in males and 77.1% in females) (p-value 0.879). Postnatally confirmed congenital renal malformations were observed more commonly in neonates who were >36 weeks of gestational age (80%) as compared to those ≤36 weeks of gestational age (76.4%) (p-value 0.662). CONCLUSION::The frequency of confirmed congenital renal malformation was found higher in neonates presenting with antenatal diagnosis of renal anomalies presenting in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Association Between Bone-lead Concentration and Aggression in Youth From a Sub-cohort of the Birth to Twenty Cohort
Authors: Tlotleng Nonhlanhla , Naicker Nisha , Mathee Angela , Todd Andrew C. , Nkomo Palesa , Norris Shane A
Published: August 2021

Background: An association between blood-lead levels and aggression has been demonstrated in children and adolescent youth in South Africa. However, there are limited studies that have assessed aggression as an outcome for cumulative lead exposure using bone-lead concentration. The aim of this study was to assess the association between bone-lead concentration and aggressive behaviour among a sample of the youth in South Africa. Methods: Bone lead in 100 participants (53 males and 47 females) recruited and followed in the Birth to Twenty (BT20) Cohort were measured using 109Cd-based, K-Shell X-ray Fluorescence (KXRF). The Buss-Perry Aggression questionnaire was used to measure aggressive behaviour. Linear regression models were fitted to determine the association between aggression score for physical, verbal, anger and hostility and bone lead, adjusting for known confounders. Results: The study participants were between the ages of 23 and 24 years. A one-microgram-per-gram increase in bone lead was found to increase the score for all four scales of aggression, but significantly only for anger (β=0.2 [95% CI 0.04-0.370]). Psychosocial factors such as a history of family violence and exposure to neighbourhood crime were found to be significant predictors for aggression. Conclusion: The study provides a preliminary overview of the relationship between cumulative lead exposure and behavioural problems such as aggression. A larger sample, across exposed communities, may prove more definitive in deciding whether further investigating this association could maximize generalizability. Such information could be crucial in the drafting of policies designed to combat crime associated with youth aggression in South Africa.
Social Innovation Model Based on Collaboration Between Government and NGOs in Covid-19 Crisis: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Moeenian Mehrnaz , Khamseh Abbas , Ghazavi Maziyar
Published: August 2021

Background: Timely information and risk assessment in crises, can save people’s lives at risk in emergencies, providing effective, prompt, and coordinated interventions. In this context, the best and most effective way to attract social collaboration is through the combination of different ideas and forms of cooperation and creating a new approach to a social issue called social innovation. The present study seeks to identify the dimensions of social innovation based on the collaboration between government and NGOs in crises.Methods: This study is applied research in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of method, in which the Grounded Theory strategy has been used. The statistical population of the study is health experts from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Exploratory analysis and MAXQDA 2020 software were used to identify the components of the model. By selecting and reviewing 68 research in-depth, the initial framework was prepared. Then, through a semi-structured interview with experts, the framework was adapted and reviewed.Results: Based on the analysis of the collected data, 39 open codes were extracted and the components of the social innovation model are identified as follows: the effectiveness of NGOs collaboration, as axial phenomenon; investment, to attract NGOs collaboration, as casual conditions; ability to manage the implementation of the social innovation plan and ability to network, as strategies; ability to policymaking overall social innovation plan and providing the necessary cultural and educational infrastructure, as contextual conditions; the existence of capable legal organizations to solve the executive problems of the plan and facilitate coordination, as intervening conditions and controlling, containing and reducing the effects of the crisis, as consequences.Conclusion: The research results, give policymakers a model for social innovation by involving NGOs, especially in times of crisis. Also, they can be used in government planning for social development.
Psychroserpens Luteus Sp. Nov., Isolated fFrom Red Algae
Authors: Ping Xiu-Ya , Wang Kai , Zhang Jin-Yu , Wang Shu-Xin , Du Zong-Jun , Mu Da-Shuai
Published: August 2021

A Gram-stain-negative, gliding-motile, positive for catalase, facultative anaerobic, designated strain XSD401T, was isolated from the red algae of Xiaoshi Island, Shandong Province, China. Growth occurred at 20–37 °C (optimum, 33 °C), pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5–7.5), and with 0.5–5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). The main fatty acids are iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G, iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0 3-OH, C16:0. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), three unidentified aminolipids (AL1, AL2, AL3) and one unidentified lipid (L) were the major polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.9 mol%. Strain XSD401T had the highest sequence similarity (96.88%) to the 16S rRNA gene of Psychroserpens damuponensis KCTC 23539T. The similarities with Psychroserpens burtonensis DSM 12212T was 96.31%. The dDDH values between strain XSD401T and P. damuponensis KCTC 23539T, P. burtonensis DSM 12212T, were 20.40% and 20.30%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain XSD401T and P. damuponensis KCTC 23539T, P. burtonensis DSM 12212T were 76.91%, 76.88%, respectively. The differences in morphology, physiology and genotype from the previously described taxa support the classification of strain XSD401T as a representative of a novel species of the genus Psychroserpens, for which the name Psychroserpens luteus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XSD401T (= MCCC 1H00396T = KCTC 72684T = JCM 33931T).
Safety and Tolerability of a 90-minute Infusion of Originator and Biosimilar Rituximab in Rituximab- Naïve Patients
Authors: Park Young Hoon , Mun Yeung-Chul , Lee Sewon , Kim Dae-Young
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the safety and tolerability of 90-min rapid infusion of rituximab, originator or biosimilar (Truxima), for rituximab-naïve patients with hematologic malignancy. We undertook a retrospective review of records of 118 patients (81 originator rituximab and 37 Truxima) with hematologic malignancy who had received rituximab rapid infusion from the first cycle of chemotherapy with corticosteroid premedication administration. Most patients had high Ann Arbor stage (80.9%), high International Prognostic Index risk (69.1%), favorable performance status (98.3%), and high lactate dehydrogenase level (78.8%). The patients received a collective total of 717 rapid rituximab infusions, with an average of 6 infusions per patient (range, 1-8). The incidence of infusion-related reactions (IRRs) of any grade and grade 3/4 during first infusion was 21.2% and 0.8%, respectively. No episode of grade 3/4 IRR was observed during the second and subsequent rituximab infusions. Severity and type of IRRs in Truxima administration were comparable to those of originator rituximab. This study suggests that 90-minute rituximab infusion with the first dose of chemotherapy was well tolerated. In terms of IRR, safety profiles of Truxima were comparable to that of originator rituximab, suggesting that Truxima might replace originator rituximab in a rapid infusion setting.
Frailty as a Predictor of Neurosurgical Outcomes in Brain Tumor Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Jinfeng , Xu Qiuning , Wang Fang , Yuan Ping , Ji Cuiling , Chen Lu
Published: August 2021

Purpose The object of this study is to describe the existing evidence and completed the first systematic review meta-analysis between frailty and neurosurgical outcomes in brain tumor patients. The primary outcome is mortality and postoperative complications, the second outcomes including readmission rate, discharge disposition, length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs.Methods Seven English databases and four Chinese databases were searched to identify the neurosurgical outcomes and frailty among patients with brain tumor. With no restrictions on the publication period. According to the JBI manual for evidence synthesis and the PRISMA guidelines, two independent reviewers applied the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies to evaluate the methodological quality of each study.Results 13 papers included in the systematic review and prevalence of frailty ranged from 1.48% to 57%. Frailty is significantly associated with increased the risk of mortality (OR,1.63; CI,1.33-1.98; P＜0.001), postoperative complications (OR,1.48; CI,1.40-1.55; P＜0.001; I2=33%), non-routine discharge position than home (OR,1.72; CI,1.41-2.11; P＜0.001), prolonged LOS in brain tumor patients (OR=1.25; CI=1.09-1.43; P=0.001) and higher hospitalization costs in brain tumor patients. But Frailty was not independently associated with readmission (OR,0.99; CI,0.96-1.03; P =0.74)Conclusion Frailty is an independent predictor of mortality, postoperative complications, non-routine discharge position rate, LOS and hospitalization costs in brain tumor patients. Besides frailty has a significant potential role in risk stratification, preoperative shared decision-making and perioperative management.
Study On The Mechanism of Color Formation In The Skin of Ophiopogon Japonicas Fruit Via Integrative Analysis of Metabolome And Transcriptome
Authors: Gan Sichen , Zheng Gang , Gui Fangfang , Lu Danying , Liang Lijun
Published: August 2021

In this study, the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of ophiopogon japonicas fruit during five stages were analyzed to understand the mechanisms for the formation of color in the skin. Results showed that twenty eight types of flavonoids existed in the skin of the fruit, of which twenty five were anthocyanins and three were flavonols. Among the twenty five kinds of anthocyanins, Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, Petunidin 3-O-rutinoside, Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and Delphinidin 3-O-galactoside were the major constitutes of the metabolites. Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside and Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside were discovered to be responsible for the blue color of fruit due to their high correlation with genes in the connection network, especially for Delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside, which was the highest in the amount and accumulated rapidly to 67.6% in the last three stages. Analyzing the results of co-expression network between genes and anthocyanins by means of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the biosynthesis genes of anthocyanin formed in the late stage were found to be F3’5’H, ANS and UFGT, and the regulatory gene was MYB, which determined the color change of O. japonicas fruit. The identification of key anthocyanins and dominant genes for blue skin of O. japonicas fruit has laid a theoretical basis for regulating the fruit pigmentation in ground cover plants.
Microwave photonic filters using optical to microwave frequency bandwidth translation with Kerr soliton crystal micro-combs
Authors: Moss David
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate high-resolution photonic RF filters using an RF bandwidth scaling approach based on integrated Kerr optical micro-combs. By employing both an active nonlinear micro-ring resonator (MRR) as a high-quality micro-comb source and a passive high-Q MRR to slice the shaped comb, a large RF instantaneous bandwidth of 4.64 GHz and a high resolution of 117 MHz are achieved, together with a broad RF operation band covering 3.28 to 19.4 GHz (L to Ku bands) using thermal tuning. We achieve programmable RF transfer functions including binary-coded notch filters and RF equalizing filters with reconfigurable slopes. Our approach is an attractive solution for high performance RF spectral shaping with high performance and flexibility.
Building of the XVII century from the Volyntsevo settlement in the middle Sejm riverside
Authors: Osadchyi Y.M.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the results of archaeological excavations of the Volyntsevo hillfort in 1981. The beginning of the study of this archaeological monument began at the beginning of the 20th century by the local landowner A. Shechkov. Part of the archaeological collection was transferred to the Kursk Museum. In 1948, research on the site was carried out under the leadership of V. Dovzhenko. In the northwestern part of the rampart, a rampart was cut. In 1981, O. Sukhobokov continued excavations of the hillfort. Their goal was to clarify the design features of the floor shaft. For this, two excavations were laid – the first in the center, the second in the northeastern part of the rampart. As a result of the research, part of the rock outgrowth was discovered, consisting of untreated cobblestones of local quartzite. It was located near the shaft, but it was not structurally connected with it. The stratigraphy of the rampart in excavation II indicates that the stone pavement is later than the remains of the rampart’s wooden structure. This construction is an independent archaeological site and, most likely, dates back to the period after the middle of the 13th century. Near the pavement, at a depth of 1.2 – 1.5 m, ground burials were found, made according to the Christian burial rite. This object may be the remains of the stone foundation of a significant structure that perished in a large fire. This is evidenced by a significant amount of ash, ash and burnt clay. It is known from documents that at the beginning of the 17th century, there was a noble estate near the hillfort, which belonged to Andrei Trifonov from the city of Putivl. The main type of planning of the noble small-manor estate was the manor’s yard with outbuildings and peasant houses. A wooden church was located nearby on a hill. The documents of the middle of the 17th century contain information that the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was located on the territory of the Volyntsevo village, built before 1639 and burned down in 1663. Thus, it can be assumed that the remains of the stone foundation of a wooden church from the early 17th century. It burned down during the fire and was no longer recovered.
Endemic and Indigenous Plants from Mascarene Islands with Antiviral
Propensities
Authors: Fawzi Mahomoodally Mohamad , Sharmeen Jugreet Bibi , Juliano Haddad , Chaker El Kalamouni
Published: August 2021

Background:

Antiviral resistance and inefficiency of available antiviral drugs to effectively
treat viral infections have prompted many researchers worldwide to explore medicinal plants
and their isolated compounds as alternative antivirals. The rich flora from the Mascarene Islands
has also been thoroughly studied for their wide therapeutic activities, including their antiviral properties.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to highlight the antiviral propensities of Mascarene endemic
and indigenous medicinal plants.

Methodology:

A review of the literature was conducted via major databases and other primary
sources of information. The inhibitory concentration/effective dose causing 50% viral inhibition
(IC50/ED50), cytotoxic concentration causing 50% reduction in cell viability (CC50), and selectivity
index (SI) were reported, and mechanisms of antiviral action were also discussed.

Results:

Stillingia lineata was the most effective against chikungunya virus (SI: 10.9), and among
its isolated compounds, 12-O-acetylphorbol-13(2″-methyl)- butyrate and 12-deoxyphorbol-
13(2″-methyl)butyrate were the most potent and selective inhibitors of chikungunya virus replication
(SI: 41 and >240, respectively). 12-O-acetylphorbol-13(2″-methyl)- butyrate, 12β-O-[nona-
2Z,4E,6E-trienoyl]-4α-deoxyphorbol-13-butyrate, 12-deoxyphorbol-13(2″-methyl)butyrate, and
12-deoxyphorbol-13-[8′-oxohexadeca-2E,4E,6E-trienoate showed strong selective antiviral effect
on human immunodeficiency virus-I (SI: 36-899) and II (SI: 33-2056). Obetia ficifolia and Erythroxylon
laurifolium were most active against the herpes virus (SI: 18.5 and 16, respectively).
Labourdonnaisia glauca showed potent anti-poliovirus activity (SI: 40), while Badula insularis,
Labourdonnaisia glauca and Myonima violacea were active against rhinovirus (SI: 1.3-2.5). Both
anti-zika and anti-dengue virus activities were reported for Aphloia theiformis, Doratoxylon apetalum,
Phyllanthus phillyreifolius and Psiloxylon mauritianum.

Conclusion:

Promising spectrum of antiviral properties notably against zika, dengue, chikungunya,
polio-, rhino-, herpes, and human immunodeficiency viruses were presented by the Mascarene
plants suggesting them as viable candidates for the potential development of effective natural antiviral
drugs.
Comparison of Y-90 and Ho-166 Dosimetry Using Liver Phantom: A Monte Carlo Study7
Authors: Yıldırım Ayşe Karadeniz , Kökkülünk Handan Tanyıldızı
Published: August 2021

Background:

It is estimated that more than 1 million people are diagnosed with liver malignancy each year
and one of the treatments is radioembolization with Y-90 and Ho-166.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to calculate the absorbed doses caused by Y-90 and Ho-166 in tumor and liver
parenchyma using a phantom via Monte Carlo method.

Methods:

A liver model phantom including a tumor imitation of sphere (r =1.5cm) was defined in GATE. The total
activity of 40 mCi Y-90 and Ho-166 was prescribed into tumor imitation as source and 2x2x2 mm3 voxel-sized Dose-
Actors were identified at 30 locations. The simulation, performed to calculate the absorbed doses left by particles during
1 second for Y-90 and Ho-166, was run for a total of 10 days and 11 days, respectively. Total doses were calculated
by taking the doses occurring in 1 second as a reference.

Results:

The maximum absorbed doses were found to be 2.334E+03±1.576E+01 Gy for Y-90 and 7.006E+02±6.013E-
01 Gy for Ho-166 at the center of tumor imitation. The minimum absorbed doses were found to be 2.133E-03±1.883E-
01 Gy for Y-90 and 1.152E-02±1.036E-03 Gy for Ho-166 at the farthest location from source. The mean absorbed
doses in tumor imitation were found to be 1.50E+03±1.36E+00 Gy and 4.58E+02±4.75E-01 Gy for Y-90 and Ho-166,
respectively. And, the mean absorbed doses in normal parenchymal tissue were found to be2.07E+01±9.58E-02 Gy
and 3.79E+00±2.63E-02 Gy for Y-90 and Ho-166, respectively.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, Ho-166 is a good alternative to Y-90 according to dosimetric evaluation.
Bioprospection of Antiviral and Antitumor Compounds from Some Marine Algae
from Egyptian Shores
Authors: Ahmed Essam M. , Hamdy Abdelhamid A. , Alshehri Bandar M.
Published: August 2021

Background:

The marine algae are considered a diverse source of bioactive compounds. Many active compounds
have been isolated from algae and show good biological activities.

Materials and Methods:

The aim of this study is to detect the antiviral and anticancer activities in some extracts of
marine algae. Extraction, purification and identification of some marine algae common in Egypt were conducted. Extraction
of Ulva lactuca, Sargassum dentifolium, and Cystoseiara myrica was conducted. A sequence of extractions,
including extraction by ethanol, boiling water, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were carried out. The obtained
extracts were evaluated for their antitumour and antiviral activities against liver tumour cells, brain tumour cell lines,
measles virus, mumps virus and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The extracts of the best activities were subjected for purification
by size exclusion chromatography and anion exchange chromatography for ethanolic extracts or precipitation by
cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) then by size exclusion chromatography and anion exchange chromatography for aqueous
extracts. Separation by GLS/MS was performed. The structures of the active compounds have been identified
through different chemical analyses, including sugar analysis, configurational analysis, High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GLC-MS) and
1H,13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at ZV.

Results:

The active compounds from the water extracts have been identified mainly as polysaccharides and sulphated
polysaccharides. The antitumour and the antiviral activities of ethanolic extracts are attributable to compound identified
as Ethyl Palmitate. These natural compounds did not show cytotoxic effect.

Conclusion:

These outputs could be preliminary for further biological studies aiming to therapeutic application.
Strengthening Mediation in Neighbourhood Dispute: An Islamic input
Authors: Asbullah Syaimaa , Mohamad Mohd Dani , Syed Abdullah Sharifah Fadylawaty , Shahruddin Mohd Solahuddin
Published: August 2021

Mediation (sulh) is a method of dispute resolution that has just been revived and gaining traction currently. In Malaysia, the implementation of sulh is limited to the resolution of matrimonial disputes. This solution has proven to be effective as it confirms the understanding of the parties. This paper explores the role of sulh in resolving neighbourhood disputes in the built environment from an Islamic perspective. This qualitative study uses the content analysis method of Kitab Al-Ghayah Wa Nihayah. It was found that integrating sulh helps reduce legal disputes and strive for the social welfare of society.
Keywords: built environment; mediation; neighbourhood disputes; sulh
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2924
Clustering of Hypoglycemia Events in Patients With Hyperinsulinism: Extension of the Digital Phenotype Through Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Worth Chris , Harper Simon , Salomon-Estebanez Maria , O'Shea Elaine , Nutter Paul W , Dunne Mark J , Banerjee Indraneel
Published: August 2021

Background

Hyperinsulinism (HI) due to excess and dysregulated insulin secretion is the most common cause of severe and recurrent hypoglycemia in childhood. High cerebral glucose use in the early hours results in a high risk of hypoglycemia in people with diabetes and carries a significant risk of brain injury. Prevention of hypoglycemia is the cornerstone of the management of HI, but the risk of hypoglycemia at night or the timing of hypoglycemia in children with HI has not been studied; thus, the digital phenotype remains incomplete and management suboptimal.

Objective

This study aims to quantify the timing of hypoglycemia in patients with HI to describe glycemic variability and to extend the digital phenotype. This will facilitate future work using computational modeling to enable behavior change and reduce exposure of patients with HI to injurious hypoglycemic events.

Methods

Patients underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with a Dexcom G4 or G6 CGM device as part of their clinical assessment for either HI (N=23) or idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia (IKH; N=24). The CGM data were analyzed for temporal trends. Hypoglycemia was defined as glucose levels <3.5 mmol/L.

Results

A total of 449 hypoglycemic events totaling 15,610 minutes were captured over 237 days from 47 patients (29 males; mean age 70 months, SD 53). The mean length of hypoglycemic events was 35 minutes. There was a clear tendency for hypoglycemia in the early hours (3-7 AM), particularly for patients with HI older than 10 months who experienced hypoglycemia 7.6% (1480/19,370 minutes) of time in this period compared with 2.6% (2405/92,840 minutes) of time outside this period (P<.001). This tendency was less pronounced in patients with HI who were younger than 10 months, patients with a negative genetic test result, and patients with IKH. Despite real-time CGM, there were 42 hypoglycemic events from 13 separate patients with HI lasting >30 minutes.

Conclusions

This is the first study to have taken the first step in extending the digital phenotype of HI by describing the glycemic trends and identifying the timing of hypoglycemia measured by CGM. We have identified the early hours as a time of high hypoglycemia risk for patients with HI and demonstrated that simple provision of CGM data to patients is not sufficient to eliminate hypoglycemia. Future work in HI should concentrate on the early hours as a period of high risk for hypoglycemia and must target personalized hypoglycemia predictions. Focus must move to the human-computer interaction as an aspect of the digital phenotype that is susceptible to change rather than simple mathematical modeling to produce small improvements in hypoglycemia prediction accuracy.
Pathways of Resilience and Recovery from Trauma for Cambodian Young People
Authors: Wyatt Zoe O.
Published: August 2021

The majority of trauma and resilience research in Cambodia has focussed on survivors of the Khmer Rouge. This qualitative study set out to discover what protective factors promote resilience in young trauma survivors who are at least one generation removed. A Grounded Theory approach offered a guiding resilience framework that shaped 40 interviews: 26 participants comprised of Cambodian young people (ages 18-30) who had experienced significant early childhood trauma and 14 key informants from the Cambodian Child Protection non-governmental organization sector. Data from the young people was collected through the use of three instruments: semi-structured interviews, a narrative timeline of events and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. These instruments were used to explore factors relating to recovery, resilience and wellbeing among the Cambodian young people. Key informant interviews were conducted to help understand how the Child Protection sector assists recovery from trauma in Cambodia. Analysis of the participants’ oral narratives sought to uncover, understand and explain the phenomena of resilience and factors contributing to their recovery, in a post-Khmer Rouge contemporary Cambodian context. According to the young people, key factors contributing to their recovery included emotional regulation, faith and spirituality, opportunities for education and employment, social connectedness and meaning making.
Obtención de nanocelulosa a partir de residuos postcosecha
Authors: Pérez Ricardo Hernández , Álvarez Castillo Alberto , Olarte Paredes Alfredo , Salgado Delgado Areli Marlen
Published: August 2021

El principal problema que enfrentan los residuos agroindustriales es la falta de conciencia ambiental de los productores, sumado a los pocos recursos destinados al desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y las pobres políticas gubernamentales para el manejo de dichos residuos. Lo anterior genera fuentes puntuales de contaminantes atmosféricos y nos hace cómplices del cambio climático por la emisión de gases efecto invernadero y contaminantes climáticos de vida corta, como el carbono negro. En las últimas décadas, se ha puesto gran interés por el descubrimiento del nuevo mundo de las nanopartículas y en particular el de la nanocelulosa. Algunos logros, ya son visibles y tienen múltiples aplicaciones. Pero si bien es cierto que hay numerosos avances en la obtención de estas nanomaterias a partir de distintos tipos de fibras naturales o residuos postcosecha, aún falta investigación para lograr la factibilidad de tales tecnologías, principalmente por los gastos energéticos y los costos de producción. En esta revisión se ofrece un resumen de diversos ensayos de laboratorio que reconocen la posibilidad de obtención de nanocelulosa a partir de residuos postcosecha, mediante diversos métodos, con el fin de despertar el interés por perfeccionar la logística de las técnicas y la eficiencia de los procesos que se ofrecen a partir de diferentes residuos agroindustriales.
Slum Rehabilitation/In-Situ Redevelopment In Pimpri –Chinchwad City (Pune)
Authors: Kadu Kamlesh Kalyan
Published: August 2021

Abstract: This study is an attempt to wisely figure out which slum redevelopment/rehabilitation programme is best suited to a particular case. A slum may be an extremely inhabited urban community consisting principally of congested, incomplete infrastructure. This study aims at listing down all the various slum redevelopment approaches used till date and determines various factors that affects them. Further, by studying these various factors on which various approaches depend, that most suitable approach is to be suggested. Slum redevelopment approaches in India have primarily linked with the schemes available at the time. hence, this thesis is an attempt to compare them. There are several factors that influence which redevelopment approach to be used. These factors are identified from literature review. This study attempts to evaluate the identified parameters and understand the prospect of every parameter with each redevelopment approach. Keywords: Slum improvement/upradation, redevelopment approach, Encroachment, Slum dwellers, habitable households.
Integrated Approach to Clean and Green Environment Estimation
Authors: Deeti Akshitha
Published: August 2021

Abstract: This paper delineates a prototype for assessing, viewing, and estimating some environmental constraints such as temperature, humidity, toxic gas levels in intensely contaminated regions, and collection of garbage in the surrounding areas. This system was developed using the Arduino Uno microcontroller and various sensors namely DHT11, MQ-135, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic, it is a device of great scalability levels, price effectiveness and suitable for other environmental monitoring applications. Environmental air parameters directly have an effect on the current entity, and will amend from regularity or maybe every single second in a while, with a speedy manufacture beyond several decades earlier and dramatic increase of demand for individuals to observe the native air quality. The atmosphere is a tumultuous system, air quality is predisposed by several aspects and may vary hastily. Air constraints and quality directly have an effect on human’s normal lives, and also wellbeing of outside tasks. At present times, technologies are getting smarter day-by-day, as to clean the environment waste management system was developed by using Arduino. This Ultrasonic sensor is integrated to the microcontroller and is positioned on the top of the dustbin. If dustbin is not upheld then this can cause an insalubrious environment and further affects the people living in close proximities this article comprises comprehensive illustration of the system architecture, hardware and software requirements. The practicality of the system is validated through the publication of the outcomes achieved. Keywords: DHT11 sensor, MQ-135 sensor, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino UNO, Jumper wires.
Quantum Computing Memoir: Quantum Mechanics, Architectural Developments and its Future
Authors: Patil Abhay
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Quantum computing is a cutting edge method of computing that depends on the study of quantum mechanics and its staggering marvels. It is an excellent blend of physical science, arithmetic, computer science and data hypothesis. It gives high computational force, less energy utilization and remarkable speed over old-style computers by controlling the conduct of little actual articles for example minuscule particles like iotas, electrons, photons, and so forth Here, we present a prologue to the crucial ideas and a few thoughts of quantum computing. To comprehend the true abilities and difficulties of a pragmatic quantum computer that can be dispatched financially, the paper covers the engineering, equipment, programming, plan, types and calculations that are explicitly needed by quantum computers. It reveals the ability of quantum computers that can affect our lives in different perspectives like network safety, traffic enhancement, medications, man-made reasoning and some more. Limited scope quantum computers are being grown as of late. This improvement is going towards an incredible future because of their high possible abilities and headways in continuous exploration. Prior to zeroing in on the meanings of a broadly useful quantum computer and investigating the force of the new emerging innovation, it is smarter to survey the beginning, possibilities, and restrictions of the current conventional computing. This data helps us in understanding the potential difficulties in creating outlandish and serious innovation. It will likewise give us an understanding of the continuous advancement in this field. Keywords: Realtime Systems, Programming Processors, Quantum Theory, Quantum Computing
Cerebral Pulse Controlled Robotic Hand for Effective Paralytic Movements
Authors: Patil Abhay
Published: August 2021

Abstract: There are roughly 21 million handicapped people in India, which is comparable to 2.2% of the complete populace. These people are affected by various neuromuscular problems. To empower them to articulate their thoughts, one can supply them with elective and augmentative correspondence. For this, a Brain-Computer Interface framework (BCI) has been assembled to manage this specific need. The basic assumption of the venture reports the plan, working just as a testing impersonation of a man's arm which is intended to be powerfully just as kinematically exact. The conveyed gadget attempts to take after the movement of the human hand by investigating the signs delivered by cerebrum waves. The cerebrum waves are really detected by sensors in the Neurosky headset and produce alpha, beta, and gamma signals. Then, at that point, this sign is examined by the microcontroller and is then acquired onto the engineered hand by means of servo engines. A patient that experiences an amputee underneath the elbow can acquire from this specific biomechanical arm. Keywords: Brainwaves, Brain Computer Interface, Arduino, EEG sensor, Neurosky Mindwave Headset, Robotic arm
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pemenang Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan atas Adanya Perlawanan Pihak Ketiga (Derden Verzet)
Authors: Zahra Faradita Edsa , Komariah Komariah , Wiryani Fifik
Published: August 2021

The auction winner as a legitimate buyer is often unable to retrieve the auction object  that has been purchased because the object under the the previous owner. This led to the auction winner filing an execution lawsuit  to the Court of Appeal. However, thereis rarely a third party that fights  against the seizure of executions with the intention of stalling. Author conducted a study on The Verdict No. 39/Pdt.Bth/2019/PN.Mjk  and 14/Pdt.Bth/2020/PN.Mjk  Mojokerto District Court  regarding  derden verzet related to the seizure of execution No. 5/Eks.HT/2019/PN.Mjk. This study aims to find out the reasons for resistance, know the consideration of judges in rejecting resistance and know the legal protections provided to auction winners for  the existence of third-party resistance. The research method used was normative legal research. Based on the research, the author obtained the results according to article 195 paragraph (6) HIR, derden verzet can be filed on the basis of property rights to the confiscated object. However, hakim rejected both resistances with the consideration that contrarians are not true contrarians. Basically, legal protection against the winner of the auction has been given by  Vendu Reglement and PMK No. 27/PMK.06/2016, but the resistance to the emptying execution confiscationdoes notmandate the absence of certainty for the winner of the auction in order to  complywith  the auction object that has been defended  .
Abstrak
Pemenang lelang sebagai pembeli yang sah seringkali tidak dapat menikmati secara langsung objek lelang yang sudah dibeli karena masih dalam penguasaan pemilik sebelumnya. Hal ini menjadi alasan pengajuan permohonan eksekusi pengosongan ke Pengadilan Negeri oleh pemenang lelang. Akan tetapi, tidak jarang ada pihak ketiga yang mengajukan perlawanan terhadap sita eksekusi dengan maksud mengulur waktu. Penulis melakukan studi pada Putusan No. 39/Pdt.Bth/2019/PN.Mjk dan 14/Pdt.Bth/2020/PN.Mjk  Pengadilan Negeri Mojokerto mengenai derden verzet terkait adanya sita eksekusi Nomor 5/Eks.HT/2019/PN.Mjk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan perlawanan, mengetahui pertimbangan hakim dalam menolak perlawanan dan mengetahui perlindungan hukum yang diberikan untuk pemenang lelang atas adanya perlawanan pihak ketiga. Penulis mengkaji kasus ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan penelitian, Penulis memperoleh hasil yaitu menurut pasal 195 ayat (6) HIR, derden verzet bisa diajukan dengan dasar adanya hak milik atas objek yang disita. Namun, Majelis Hakim menolak kedua perlawanan dengan pertimbangan bahwa pelawan bukanlah pelawan yang benar. Pada dasarnya, perlindungan hukum terhadap pemenang lelang telah diberikan oleh Vendu Reglement dan PMK No. 27/PMK.06/2016, namun adanya perlawanan terhadap sita eksekusi pengosongan mengakibatkan tidak adanya kepastian untuk pemenang lelang agar dapat menikmati objek lelang yang telah dibelinya.
Representaciones sociales sobre la pandemia de la COVID-19 en estudiantes chilenos de educación superior
Authors: Salas-Durán Katherine , Vergara-Morales Jorge , Ogueda Juan-Pablo
Published: August 2021

La COVID-19 ha provocado múltiples efectos en la salud física y mental de la población mundial. Desde la perspectiva psicosocial, este estudio propone comprender las representaciones sociales sobre la pandemia de la COVID-19 de estudiantes chilenos de educación superior. Los participantes fueron un total de 92 estudiantes. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario de representaciones sociales, que incluyó las siguientes palabras estímulos: (a) COVID-19, (b) cuarentena, y (c) distanciamiento social. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de redes semánticas naturales. Los resultados muestran que las categorías temáticas sobre la COVID-19 se relacionan principalmente con aspectos biológicos, emocionales y valorativos. Para la cuarentena y el distanciamiento social, las categorías temáticas se relacionan con aspectos emocionales y valorativos. Se discuten los resultados en función de la comprensión de las categorías de pensamiento que promueven el comportamiento en contexto de emergencia sanitaria.
Síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible en paciente con diálisis peritoneal: reporte de un caso
Authors: Altamirano Calderón Alex Mauricio , Naranjo Vásconez Susana
Published: August 2021

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 66 años con antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica desde hace 8 años, en terapia con diálisis peritoneal, que acude al servicio de emergencia por presentar deterioro del estado de conciencia asociado a convulsiones, y emergencia hipertensiva, posterior al tratamiento cede la sintomatología y se observa resolución de lesiones halladas en la resonancia magnética después de un mes de evolución, catalogado como síndrome de encefalopatía posterior reversible. Considerando este diagnóstico en pacientes con lesión renal crónica asociado a hipertensión arterial.
Insectıcıdal actıvıtıes of Anethum graveolens and Illıcıum verum essentıal oıls agaınst Sıtophılus zeamaıs
Authors: Chaubey Mukesh K
Published: August 2021

Inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides in pest management programs contribute in ozone depletion, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenesis and resistance. These negative outcomes have diverted attention towards the use of plant products in insect’s population management. In this study, dill (Anethum graveolens) and star anise (Ilicium verum) essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method using clevenger apparatus, and evaluated for repellent, toxic and oviposition inhibitory potential against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by fumigation and contact methods. In toxicity assay by fumigation method, median lethal concentrations (LC50) recorded were 0.316 and 0.243 μlcm-3 air; 0.362 and 0.284 μlcm-3; and 0.497 and 0.418 μlcm-3 of A. graveolens and I. verum oils and pure limonene after 24 and 48h exposure to S. zeamais adults, respectively. In contact toxicity assay, LC50 were 0.219 and 0.159 μlcm-2 area; 0.269 and 0.226 μlcm-2; and 0.567 and 0.386 μlcm-2 of A. graveolens and I. verum oils and pure limonene after 24 and 48 h exposure to S. zeamais adults, respectively. Both A. graveolens and I. verum oils and limonene reduced progeny production and acetylcholinesterase activity in S. zeamais adults when fumigated with sub-lethal concentrations. The outcomes of this study will help in preparation of essential oil based formulations for stored grain insect pest management.