bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E6 and E7 Antibody Levels Are Potential Biomarkers of Recurrence in Patients with Advanced-Stage Human Papillomavirus–Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Spector Matthew E. , Sacco Assuntina G. , Bellile Emily , Taylor Jeremy M.G. , Jones Tamara , Sun Kan , Brown William C. , Birkeland Andrew C. , Bradford Carol R. , Wolf Gregory T. , Prince Mark E. , Moyer Jeffrey S. , Malloy Kelly , Swiecicki Paul , Eisbruch Avraham , McHugh Jonathan B. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Rozek Laura , Worden Francis P.
Published: November 2016

Purpose: There is a paucity of biomarkers to predict failure in human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) following curative therapy. E6/E7 viral oncoproteins are constitutively expressed in HPV+ tumors and highly immunogenic, resulting in readily detected serum antibodies. The purpose of this study is to determine whether serum E6 and E7 antibody levels can potentially serve as a biomarker of recurrence in patients with HPV+OPSCC.

Experimental Design: We evaluated E6/E7 antibody levels in patients with previously untreated, advanced stage (III, IVa-b), HPV+OPSCC receiving definitive chemoradiation under a uniform protocol from 2003 to 2010. Baseline and longitudinal serum samples were obtained from our archived repository. E6/E7 serum levels were measured using a glutathione-S-transferase capture ELISA and quantified by approximating the area under the dilution curve, and were analyzed using ANOVA and linear mixed model for longitudinal analysis.

Results: We compared 22 HPV+OPSCC patients who developed recurrence with 30 patients who remained disease-free. There were no differences in T classification, N classification, disease subsite, or smoking status between the groups. In a longitudinal analysis, recurrent patients had significantly higher E6 and E7 serum antibody levels than the nonrecurrent patients over the follow-up period (P = 0.02 and P = 0.002, respectively). Patients who recurred had a lower clearance of E7 antibody than patients who remained disease-free (P = 0.0016).

Conclusions: Patients with HPV+OPSCC whose disease recurs have a lower clearance of E6 and E7 antibodies than patients who do not have recurrence. The ratio of E7 antibody at disease recurrence compared with baseline is potentially a clinically significant measurement of disease status in HPV+OPSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2723–9. ©2016 AACR.
A First-in-Human Phase I Study of the ATP-Competitive AKT Inhibitor Ipatasertib Demonstrates Robust and Safe Targeting of AKT in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Saura Cristina , Roda Desamparados , Roselló Susana , Oliveira Mafalda , Macarulla Teresa , Pérez-Fidalgo José Alejandro , Morales-Barrera Rafael , Sanchis-García Juan Manuel , Musib Luna , Budha Nageshwar , Zhu Jin , Nannini Michelle , Chan Wai Y. , Sanabria Bohórquez Sandra M. , Meng Raymond D. , Lin Kui , Yan Yibing , Patel Premal , Baselga José , Tabernero Josep , Cervantes Andrés
Published: November 2016

Activation of AKT signaling by PTEN loss or PIK3CA mutations occurs frequently in human cancers, but targeting AKT has been difficult due to the mechanism-based toxicities of inhibitors that target the inactive conformation of AKT. Ipatasertib (GDC-0068) is a novel selective ATP-competitive small-molecule inhibitor of AKT that preferentially targets active phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and is potent in cell lines with evidence of AKT activation. In this phase I study, ipatasertib was well tolerated; most adverse events were gastrointestinal and grade 1–2 in severity. The exposures of ipatasertib ≥200 mg daily in patients correlated with preclinical TGI90, and pharmacodynamic studies confirmed that multiple targets (i.e., PRAS40, GSK3β, and mTOR) were inhibited in paired on-treatment biopsies. Preliminary antitumor activity was observed; 16 of 52 patients (30%), with diverse solid tumors and who progressed on prior therapies, had radiographic stable disease, and many of their tumors had activation of AKT.

Significance: Potent inhibition of AKT signaling with ipatasertib was associated with a tolerable safety profile and meaningful disease control in a subgroup of patients. Targeting pAKT with an ATP-competitive inhibitor provides a greater therapeutic window than allosteric inhibitors. Further investigation with ipatasertib is ongoing in phase II studies. Cancer Discov; 7(1); 102–13. ©2016 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ ДЛЯ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ НА КАФЕДРІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЛІКІВ
Authors: Burlaka B. S. , Fadi A. Z.
Published: November 2016

У статті окреслено питання, щодо вибору та застосування сучасних технологій інтернет-комунікацій, для оптимізації самостійної роботи студентів та інтенсифікації навчального процесу. Розробка електронних навчальних матеріалів з подальшим використанням їх у вебінарах сприятиме покращенню засвоєння знань та підвищенню мотивації до навчання у студентів.
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗВ’ЯЗАННЯ КОНФЛІКТІВ НА ПРИКЛАДІ КАФЕДРИ НЕВРОЛОГІЇ ОДЕСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ, ЯК ОДИН ІЗ НАПРЯМКІВ КУЛЬТУРИ СПІЛКУВАННЯ ТА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Dobrovolskyi V. V.
Published: November 2016

У статті представлені деякі аспекти розв’язання конфліктів, як один із напрямків культури спілкування в колективі та підвищення якості навчального процесу на кафедрі неврології Одеського національного медичного університету. Ми намагаємося розв’язати конфлікт так, щоб виграли обидві сторони. Про це ми знаємо і до цього прагнемо. До того ж під час вирішення конфліктів можливо краще пізнати лідерів кафедри, з якими довелося спілкуватися в складній ситуації, оволодіти технікою попередження конфліктів та їх розв’язування. Тоді творчий потенціал, енергія, активність, комунікативні установки, якщо їх генератором і акумулятором є конфлікт, піднімуть культуру спілкування на вищий рівень, сприятимуть вирішенню проблем кафедри і університету в період кардинальних реформ у медицині взагалі, так і реформи медичної освіти відповідно.
ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ “НЕВІДКЛАДНА МЕДИЧНА ДОПОМОГА” ДЛЯ МОЛОДШИХ СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ З МЕДИЧНОЮ ОСВІТОЮ
Authors: Kanivets S. V. , Denysyk O. Ye.
Published: November 2016

У статті узагальнено досвід роботи педагогічного колективу училища з оптимізації викладання дисципліни “Невідкладна медична допомога” для молодших спеціалістів з медичною освітою. Визначені основні компоненти освітнього процесу та заходи з їх удосконалення, що були здійснені у закладі з метою оптимізації викладання дисципліни “Невідкладна медична допомога”. Об’єднання циклів підвищення кваліфікації у групи залежно від вірогідності виникнення потреби у наданні екстреної медичної допомоги на робочому місці дозволило диференційовано підійти до розподілу обсягу навчальних годин, що відводяться на вивчення дисципліни. Пріоритетність практичного навчання у сучасній професійній підготовці фахівців визначила збільшення частки практичних занять. Відпрацьована 5-етапна форма навчання з цієї дисципліни, заходи з формування висококваліфікованого викладацького складу та створення відповідної матеріально-технічної бази дозволили підвищити якість післядипломного навчання з дисципліни.
ПРО ОНОВЛЕННЯ “ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПЕРЕВІРКИ ЗНАНЬ У МЕДИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ”
Authors: Semenets A. V. , Chekanov S. B.
Published: November 2016

Розглянуто деякі аспекти інформатизації галузі медичної освіти. Показано необхідність оновлення програмного забезпечення ІСПЗМО при внесенні змін у методику проведення семестрового іспиту. Розроблено методику оновлення ПЗ ІСПЗМО, що полягає в створенні окремої підсистеми обробки результатів оцінювання тестових робіт студентів та усної співбесіди. Наведено приклад реалізації вказаної підсистеми у складі ІСПЗМО, як веб-додатка – ІС CSE. Показано практичну методику реалізації вказаного веб-додатка на мові програмування PHP з використанням відкритого веб-фреймворку Laravel.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕКЦІЙНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ З РОЗДІЛУ “ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ СЛИЗОВОЇ ОБОЛОНКИ РОТОВОЇ ПОРОЖНИНИ” ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-ІНОЗЕМЦІВ
Authors: Sukhovolets I. O.
Published: November 2016

У даній статті описані особливості проведення лекційних занять з розділу “Захворювання слизової оболонки ротової порожнини” для студентів-іноземців стоматологічного факультету. Описано й обґрунтовано переваги використання мультимедійних технологій та запропоновано методику проведення лекцій, яка сприятиме підвищенню концентрації студентів на матеріалі та кращому його  запам’ятовуванню.
ПЕРЕДУМОВИ, ЗАВДАННЯ І ФОРМИ РАДЯНІЗАЦІЇ ОСВІТИ НА ТЕРНОПІЛЬЩИНІ У ВЕРЕСНІ 1939 – ЧЕРВНІ 1941 РОКУ
Authors: Kadobnyi T. B. , Kravchuk L. O. , Melnykova K. M.
Published: November 2016

У пропонованій статті висвітлено механізми впровадження радянських освітньо-культурних цінностей, які відображали марксистсько-ленінську ідеологію, що ґрунтувалася на інтернаціональному світобаченні класових протиріч та постійній боротьбі з приватною власністю, руйнуючи релігійні переконання місцевого населення. Так звана реформа протирічила природі українського національного світогляду, нищила його культурно-освітні  багатовікові надбання. З цією метою радянська влада запроваджувала в усіх західноукраїнських школах другу російську мову, як засіб міжнаціонального спілкування, а також освітню виховну мережу краю підпорядковувала єдиному Московському освітньо-методичному центру.
Effects of Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty on Office and Home Blood Pressure and Home Blood Pressure Variability in Hypertensive Patients With Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Iwashima Yoshio , Fukuda Tetsuya , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Hayashi Shin-ichiro , Kishida Masatsugu , Yoshihara Fumiki , Nakamura Satoko , Kamide Kei , Horio Takeshi , Kawano Yuhei
Published: November 2016

This study included 126 hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis (mean age, 63 years; 22.2% fibromuscular dysplasia [FMD]) and investigated the effects of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty on office and home blood pressure (BP), and BP variability estimates derived from home BP, both at baseline and up to 12 months after angioplasty. Home BP was measured for 7 consecutive days, and the threshold defining uncontrolled home BP was ≥135/85 mm Hg. In both the FMD and atherosclerotic stenosis (ARAS) groups, office and home BP decreased significantly after angioplasty (all
P
<0.01), but the decrease in morning home (−22±19 versus −10±20 mm Hg;
P
<0.01) but not in office (−32±24 versus −23±28 mm Hg;
P
=0.11) systolic BP at 12 months was significantly greater in FMD. In both groups, all morning BP variability indices except the coefficient of variation in ARAS decreased significantly after revascularization (all
P
<0.05 by repeated-measures ANOVA). The decrease in all morning systolic BP variability estimates was greater for FMD than for ARAS (all
P
<0.05 by 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA), with the exception of variability independent of the mean (
P
=0.11). The prevalence of uncontrolled home BP was 77.0% at baseline and 38.9% after revascularization. Duration of hypertension (odds ratio, 1.48), ARAS (odds ratio, 3.18), and the presence of proteinuria (odds ratio, 2.10) were independent predictors of uncontrolled home BP after revascularization (all
P
<0.05). In conclusion, renal angioplasty produced a greater decrease of morning home systolic BP in FMD; however, in both groups, it decreased BP variability irrespective of BP response. Measurement of home BP seems to be important for treatment success, especially in ARAS.
Concessive Participles and Epitactic Constructions in Ancient Greek
Authors: Jiménez Delgado José Miguel
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explain the construction of concessive participles introduced by kaì taûta in Ancient Greek as an instance of epitaxis, a specific type of coordination. This construction will be differentiated from the concessive participles introduced by adverbial kaí, the usual construction, by its syntactic configuration and pragmatics. The data is drawn from the works of Xenophon of Athens (c. 430–354 BC).
The Greek suffix -ozos
Authors: Katsouda Georgia
Published: November 2016

This paper offers a morphological analysis of the borrowed derivational suffix -όζος [ózos], used in both a number of Modern Greek (MGr) dialects and in Standard Modern Greek (SMGr). It draws on an extensive corpus to examine the suffix from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Our diachronic analysis emphasizes the geographical distribution, the etymological provenance of the suffix, and the loan accommodation strategies employed in various MGr dialects, thus providing some interesting etymological findings regarding the lexical stock of Modern Greek (Standard and dialects). Our synchronic analysis focuses on the stem categories with which the suffix combines and accounts for the phonological, morphological, and syntactic constraints that function during the derivational process.
If Counterfactuals Were Excluded from Historical Reasoning . . .
Authors: Ben-Menahem Yemima
Published: November 2016

The argument of this paper is that counterfactuals are indispensable in reasoning in general and historical reasoning in particular. It illustrates the role of counterfactuals in the study of history and explores the connection between counterfactuals and the notions of historical necessity and contingency. Entertaining alternatives to the actual course of events is conducive to the assessment of the relative weight and impact of the various factors that combine to bring about a certain result. Counterfactuals are essentially involved in understanding what it means for an event, an action, or an individual to make a difference. Making a difference, in turn, is shown to be a central category of historical reasoning. Counterfactuals, though sensitive to the description they use, make objective claims that can be confirmed or disconfirmed by evidence.
The Ways We Wonder “What If?”
Authors: Rosenfeld Gavriel D.
Published: November 2016

In this essay, I seek to refine our understanding of historical counterfactuals by classifying them into a new typology. After providing a systematic definition of counterfactuals, I divide them up into five different categories: causal, emotive, temporal, spatial, and manneristic. Within each of these categories, I identify eighteen different types of counterfactuals, which I classify with descriptive names and illustrate with specific examples from recent works of historiography. The different types of counterfactuals vary in numerous ways, but they are all linked by their rhetorical elements. These elements, in turn, help explain the present-day popularity of wondering how history might have been different.
Concerning Altered Pasts: Reflections of an Early Modern Historian
Authors: Woolf Daniel
Published: November 2016

This essay provides an extended commentary on Richard Evans’ book Altered Pasts from the perspective of a historian of a much earlier period, the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The essay considers much of the literature discussed by Evans, explores the “scope” and “range” of counterfactual arguments, and offers suggestions as to how and when legitimate counterfactual historical thinking itself came into being. The essay also argues that the problems inherent in counterfactual history lie less in the logic of their arguments than in the use that is made of them: specifically that a device useful, heuristically, in evaluating the impact of certain factors (or their absence) on events has been stretched by some historians beyond the weight it will bear. In the final section, the relation between fictional and nonfictional counterfactuals is explored.
Response
Authors: Evans Richard J.
Published: November 2016

This reply to the critiques by Daniel Woolf, Cass R. Sunstein and Daniel Nolan of my book Altered Pasts: Counterfactuals in History (Brandeis University Press, 2013), takes each of their contributions in turn, and reasserts the centrality to counterfactual history of positing definite, long term alternative timelines rather than a vague claim that things might have turned out differently to the way they actually did (for example, if the Confederacy had won the Civil War, slavery might still exist in the usa). Such alternate timelines have no claim to either truth or utility since they ignore the many possible contingencies that would most likely have taken place following the initial deviation from the real timeline of history.
Taxonomic revision of Veronica subsection Pentasepalae (Veronica, Plantaginaceae sensu APG III)
Authors: ROJAS-ANDRÉS BLANCA M. , MARTÍNEZ-ORTEGA M. MONTSERRAT
Published: November 2016

Veronica subsect. Pentasepalae is a monophyletic group of perennial herbs distributed mainly in Europe, with a few species reaching Siberia and one N Africa. Since its first description by Bentham in 1846, both the circumscription of the subsection and the species boundaries have been subject to controversy. The first complete taxonomic revision of V. subsect. Pentasepalae is presented here in the light of recent phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data and ploidy level information. For this work ca. 2900 sheets lodged at 63 herbaria were studied and approximately 500 populations were visited directly in the field. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, notes on habitat preferences, phenology, chromosome numbers and distribution maps are provided, as well as an identification key to all species. Twenty-two taxa are recognized for V. subsect. Pentasepalae: 17 species, four subspecies and one variety.
A new species of Auriculostoma (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from the intestine of Brycon guatemalensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae) from the Usumacinta River Basin, Mexico, based on morphology and 28S rDNA sequences, with a key to species of the genus
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-MENA DAVID IVÁN , LYNGGAARD CHRISTINA , MENDOZA-GARFIAS BERENIT , DE LEÓN GERARDO PÉREZ-PONCE
Published: November 2016

We describe a new species of Auriculostoma Scholz, Aguirre-Macedo & Choudhury, 2004 based on several sources of information including morphology (light and scanning electron microscopy [SEM]), sequences of two nuclear genes, host association, and geographical distribution. Morphologically, the new species most closely resembles Auriculostoma astyanace Scholz, Aguirre-Macedo & Choudhury, 2004, but differs by having deeply lobated testes and cirrus-sac extending posteriorly to seminal receptacle level. Auriculostoma lobata n. sp. can be readily distinguished from all the other congeners by the combination of the following characters: testes located in tandem, testes deeply lobated, and larger body size. A phylogenetic analysis using 28S rDNA sequences along with those available for other allocreadiid trematodes, revealed that the new species is a sister taxon of A. astyanace, a species described from the banded astyanax, Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier) in Nicaragua. Auriculostoma totonacapanensis Razo-Mendivil, Mendoza-Garfias, Pérez-Ponce de León & Rubio-Godoy, 2014 from the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi) in Mexico is the sister taxon of A. astyanace plus the new species. Genetic divergence levels for the 28S rDNA and ITS2 were estimated among the Middle-American species of Auriculostoma infecting characiforms. The validity of the new species is then established by reliable morphological differences, its host association to bryconids (Brycon guatemalensis Regan), restricted geographical distribution (Usumacinta and Lacantun River basins), and genetic divergence levels, albeit relatively low. A morphometric comparison between the new species and the other seven congeneric species was undertaken and, in addition, a taxonomic key to identify the species contained in the genus Auriculostoma, widely distributed across the Americas, is provided.
Opistognathus ensiferus, a new species of jawfish (Opistognathidae) from the Gulf of Mannar, India, with redescription of O. solorensis Bleeker
Authors: SMITH-VANIZ WILLIAM F.
Published: November 2016

A new species of jawfish, Opistognathus ensiferus n. sp., is described based on a single specimen from Manauli Reef in the Gulf of Mannar, India. It is a member of a species group that also includes Opistognathus solorensis Bleeker (Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan and Palau) and O. verecundus Smith-Vaniz (northwestern Australia). From these two species O. ensiferus n. sp. differs in lacking dark oral pigmentation, except inner lining of upper jaw and adjacent membranes with a single dark stripe (vs. two stripes) and in having a lateral line ending below the 6th or 7th segmented dorsal-fin ray (vs. below the 1st to 4th ray). Opistognathus solorensis is redescribed and in the absence of extant type specimens a neotype is designated. Two strikingly different color morphs are documented for O. solorensis, including the less common one which is almost entirely yellow.
Genetic evidence supports Sylvilagus mansuetus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) as a subspecies of S. bachmani
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-CASTAÑEDA SERGIO TICUL , LORENZO CONSUELO
Published: November 2016

Since Sylvilagus bachmani (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) from the Baja California Peninsula and S. mansuetus from San Jose Island, Mexico, display an allopatric distribution and are closely related, their taxonomy is unclear. The phylogenetic relationships among specimens of both species were evaluated using two mitochondrial genes (Cyt b, COI) and the beta-fibrinogen nuclear gene intron 7 (β-fib I7). The genetic analyses revealed that S. mansuetus was included within the S. bachmani clade as the sister-group of S. b. cerrosensis. The genetic distances among S. b. cerrosensis and mansuetus were relatively low (1.3% with Cyt b), similar to intraspecific distances observed within other species of Sylvilagus. We consider mansuetus to be a subspecies of S. bachmani, and the morphological traits previously used to differentiate the two taxa should be used to distinguish S. b. mansuetus from the other subspecies of S. bachmani.
A Thickness-Weighted Average Perspective of Force Balance in an Idealized Circumpolar Current
Authors: Ringler Todd , Saenz Juan A. , Wolfram Phillip J. , Van Roekel Luke
Published: November 2016

The exact, three-dimensional, thickness-weighted averaged (TWA) Boussinesq equations are used to diagnose eddy–mean flow interaction in an idealized circumpolar current (ICC). The force exerted by mesoscale eddies on the TWA velocity is expressed as the divergence of the Eliassen–Palm flux tensor. Consistent with previous findings, the analysis indicates that the dynamically relevant definition of the ocean surface layer is composed of the set of buoyancy coordinates that ever reside at the ocean surface at a given horizontal position. The surface layer is found to be a physically distinct object with a diabatic and force balance that is largely isolated from the underlying adiabatic region in the interior. Within the ICC surface layer, the TWA meridional velocity is southward/northward in the top/bottom half and has a value near zero at the bottom. In the top half of the surface layer, the zonal forces due to wind stress and meridional advection of potential vorticity act to accelerate the TWA zonal velocity; equilibrium is obtained by eddies decelerating the zonal flow via a downward flux of eastward momentum that increases with depth. In the bottom half of the surface layer, the accelerating force of the wind stress is balanced by the eddy force and meridional advection of potential vorticity. The bottom of the surface layer coincides with the location where the zonal eddy force, meridional advection of potential vorticity, and zonal wind stress force are all zero. The net meridional transport Sf within the surface layer is a small residual of its southward and northward TWA meridional flows. The mean meridional gradient of the surface layer buoyancy is advected by Sf to balance the surface buoyancy flux.
Stimulated Imbalance and the Enhancement of Eddy Kinetic Energy Dissipation by Internal Waves
Authors: Barkan Roy , Winters Kraig B. , McWilliams James C.
Published: November 2016

The effects of internal waves (IWs), externally forced by high-frequency wind, on energy pathways are studied in submesoscale-resolving numerical simulations of an idealized wind-driven channel flow. Two processes are examined: the direct extraction of mesoscale energy by externally forced IWs followed by an IW forward energy cascade to dissipation and stimulated imbalance, a mechanism through which externally forced IWs trigger a forward mesoscale to submesoscale energy cascade to dissipation. This study finds that the frequency and wavenumber spectral slopes are shallower in solutions with high-frequency forcing compared to solutions without and that the volume-averaged interior kinetic energy dissipation rate increases tenfold. The ratio between the enhanced dissipation rate and the added high-frequency wind work is 1.3, demonstrating the significance of the IW-mediated forward cascades. Temporal-scale analysis of energy exchanges among low- (mesoscale), intermediate- (submesoscale), and high-frequency (IW) bands shows a corresponding increase in kinetic energy Ek and available potential energy APE transfers from mesoscales to submesoscales (stimulated imbalance) and mesoscales to IWs (direct extraction). Two direct extraction routes are identified: a mesoscale to IW Ek transfer and a mesoscale to IW APE transfer followed by an IW APE to IW Ek conversion. Spatial-scale analysis of eddy–IW interaction in solutions with high-frequency forcing shows an equivalent increase in forward Ek and APE transfers inside both anticyclones and cyclones.
Feed and Wrap MRI Technique in Infants
Authors: Antonov Nina K. , Ruzal-Shapiro Carrie B. , Morel Kimberly D. , Millar William S. , Kashyap Sudha , Lauren Christine T. , Garzon Maria C.
Published: November 2016

The feed and wrap technique refers to the use of feeding and swaddling to induce natural sleep in infants. It can be used prior to an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, avoiding sedation or anesthesia. We performed a retrospective review of feed and wrap MRI scans in infants 3 months or younger over a 2-year period at our center (279 scans) to evaluate the efficacy of this technique. Of scan results reviewed, 79% addressed the clinical question, 20% partially addressed the clinical question, and 1% were technically inadequate. History of preterm birth (odds ratio [OR] = 2.368; P = .032) and spine MRI (OR = 2.821; P = .001) were associated with a less-successful scan outcome. The feed and wrap technique can be used successfully in infants undergoing MRI; however, it may be less successful in preterm infants and those requiring spinal MRI. A standardized technique performed by experienced personnel may avoid anesthesia and sedation in infants who require MRI.
The Heidelberg Appendicitis Score Predicts Perforated Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Boettcher Michael , Günther Patrick , Breil Thomas
Published: November 2016

Background. In the future, surgical management of pediatric appendicitis might become limited to nonperforating appendicitis. Thus, it becomes increasingly important to differentiate advanced from simple appendicitis and to predict perforated appendicitis among a group of children with right-sided abdominal pain, which was the aim of this study. Methods. An institutionally approved, single-center retrospective analysis of all patients with appendectomy from January 2009 to December 2010 was conducted. All diagnostic aspects were evaluated to identify predictors and differentiators of perforated appendicitis. Results. In 2 years, 157 children suffered from appendicitis. Perforation occurred in 47 (29.9%) of the patients. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels higher than 20 mg/dL ( P = .037) and free abdominal fluid on ultrasonography ( P = .031) are the most important features to differentiate perforated from simple appendicitis. Moreover, all children with perforation had a positive Heidelberg Appendicitis Score (HAS). A negative HAS excludes perforation in all cases (negative predictive value = 100%). Discussion. Perforated appendicitis can be ruled out by the HAS. In a cohort with right-sided abdominal pain, perforation should be considered in children with high CRP levels and free fluids or abscess formation on ultrasound.
Integrating Maternal Mental Health Care in the Pediatric Medical Home: Treatment Engagement and Child Outcomes
Authors: Kimmel Mary C. , Platt Rheanna E. , Steinberg Danielle N. , Cluxton-Keller Fallon , Osborne Lauren M. , Carter Tracy , Payne Jennifer L. , Solomon Barry S.
Published: November 2016

Maternal depression is associated with an array of poor child health outcomes, and low-income women face many barriers to accessing treatment. In this pilot study, we assessed treatment engagement in a maternal mental health clinic staffed by a case manager and psychiatrist in an urban pediatric practice. We also examined factors associated with engagement as well as child health outcomes and health care use. Nearly half of the women enrolled attended at least 4 sessions with a psychiatrist in 6 months. Text messaging with the case manager was associated with a greater compliance with psychiatrist sessions. Comparing index children with their siblings prior to enrollment, a higher percentage had immunizations up to date at 1 year of age (82% vs 43%, P = .01), and well-child visit compliance trended toward significance (65% vs 35%, P = .06). The pediatric setting holds promise as an innovative venue to deliver maternal mental health care.
Not all brokers are alike: Creative implications of brokering networks in different work functions
Authors: Stea Diego , Pedersen Torben
Published: November 2016

Brokers are expected to be more creative than employees embedded in closed social structures because they occupy a position in the social space that provides them with access to non-redundant knowledge. However, the extant research provides partly inconsistent findings on the creative implications of brokerage, which raises important questions about when and how brokering between otherwise disconnected colleagues leads to individual creativity. We advance the relational perspective on individual creativity by adopting a contingency view, and showing that a curvilinear (inverted U-shape) specification of the relationship between brokerage and creativity applies particularly when brokers work in research and development, as they are more likely to intensively exploit their structural opportunities. In addition, we show that brokers who work in research and development are more sensitive to work environments that protect their cognitive resources, such that they exhibit greater creativity when the work environment is free from environmental stressors, such as noise and disturbances. Thus, environmental stressors are particularly harmful for those employees who are most likely to exploit the opportunity to broker across otherwise disconnected colleagues.
A femininity that ‘giveth and taketh away’: The prosperity gospel and postfeminism in the neoliberal economy
Authors: Sullivan Katie Rose , Delaney Helen
Published: November 2016

This article explores how postfeminist and prosperity gospel discourses intersect in an organizational context to produce a particular ideal of feminine subjectivity that reproduces a neoliberal agenda. We focus on narratives written by female national vice presidents in a multi-national network marketing organization headquartered in America. Network marketing tends to attract a vast number of women who are enticed by grand messages of material and spiritual riches; however, such messages are often at odds with the precarious and uncertain working conditions. We contribute to gender and organization scholarship by introducing the concept of evangelical entrepreneurial femininity to explore the tensions and demands that are placed on women in an organizational context where postfeminism and prosperity gospel discourses intersect. In doing so, we question the expectations and constraints that many working women negotiate in this neoliberal age of alleged ‘freedom’ and ‘equality,’ and raise a number of concerns for feminist critique.
Ethnic discrimination during résumé screening: Interactive effects of applicants’ ethnic salience with job context
Authors: Derous Eva , Pepermans Roland , Ryan Ann Marie
Published: November 2016

Systematic research considering job context as affecting ethnic discrimination in hiring is limited. Building on contemporary literature on social categorization and cognitive matching, the interactive effect of context characteristics (client contact; industry status) and person characteristics (i.e. ethnic cues: Maghreb/Arab vs Flemish-sounding name; dark vs light skin tone) were investigated using an experimental field study among 424 white majority HR professionals. Findings showed that equally qualified applicants with a dark skin tone received lower job suitability ratings than applicants with a light skin tone, particularly when they were screened for high client contact/low industry status positions and low client contact/high industry status positions. It is concluded that some ethnic cues (such as skin tone) may be more salient compared with other cues and that job context may influence the salience of ethnic cues and steer hiring discrimination in subtle ways. Implications of these findings for hiring discrimination research and organizations are discussed.
Leadership for Africa’s Development
Authors: Gumede Vusi
Published: November 2016

The African continent remains at the periphery in world affairs, as many have argued. Similarly, many scholars have advanced cogent reasons for this unfortunate reality. The development of the continent is also unimpressive, relative to the potential of the African economies. It is therefore important that Africa pursues its own socioeconomic development approach instead of what appears to be inappropriate policies that are being implemented in most if not all African countries, as argued elsewhere. This article makes a case for African (traditional/indigenous) leadership and examines political leadership in particular with the view of ensuring that Africa reclaims its lost glory and recovers its stolen legacy (to paraphrase George James). The article argues that African leadership should be infused with thought leadership, thought liberation, and critical consciousness. And critical consciousness and thought liberation should be linked to decolonizing the minds of Africans, as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and others have argued.
The Spiral as the Basic Semiotic of the Kongo Religion, the Bukongo
Authors: Luyaluka Kiatezua Lubanzadio
Published: November 2016

In this article, the author demonstrates the spiral as being the basic symbol of the system of signs used in the Kongo religion, the Bukongo, to convey spiritual teachings as well as to help the initiates recall what they have been taught. This symbol is shown to be the summary of the teachings of the Bukongo; it explains the celestial origin and destiny of man, the divine completeness of being (the Verb) and universal salvation. The spiral simplified at the most results in the Kongo cosmogram; thus, this article shows that beyond its current cosmological interpretation, the Kongo cross is the synthesis of an African theology. The author also exposes the existence of the spiral in other African cultures in connection with the origin of mankind.
The Influence of Men’s Military Service on Smoking Across the Life Course
Authors: London Andrew S. , Herd Pamela , Miech Richard A. , Wilmoth Janet M.
Published: November 2016

The military is described as a social context that contributes to the (re-)initiation or intensification of cigarette smoking. We draw on data from the 1985-2014 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) to conduct complementary sub-studies of the influence of military service on men’s smoking outcomes across the life course. Descriptive findings from an age–period–cohort analysis of NSDUH data document higher probabilities of current smoking and heavy smoking among veteran men across a broad range of cohorts and at all observed ages. Findings from sibling fixed-effects Poisson models estimated on the WLS data document longer durations of smoking among men who served in the military and no evidence that selection explains the observed relationship. Together, these results provide novel and potentially generalizable evidence that participation in the military in early adulthood exerts a causal influence on smoking across the life course.
Effect of Training Exercise on Urinary Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Performances in Overweight and Obese Subjects
Authors: Russo Angelo , Buratta Livia , Pippi Roberto , Aiello Cristina , Ranucci Claudia , Reginato Elisa , Santangelo Valerio , DeFeo Pierpaolo , Mazzeschi Claudia
Published: November 2016

Exercise-mediated, brain-derived neurotrophic factor induction benefits health and cognitive functions. The multifaceted interplay between physical activity, urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive functioning has been largely neglected in previous literature. In this pilot study, two bouts of training exercise (65% and 70% of heart rate reserve) influenced urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive performances in 12 overweight and obese participants. Percent heart rate reserve, expenditure energy, brain-derived neurotrophic factor urinary levels and cognitive performances were measured before and after the exercise. No significant variations in energy expenditure were observed, while differences of heart rate reserve between two groups were maintained. Both bouts of training exercise induced a similar reduction in urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Only visuo-spatial working memory capacity at 65% of heart rate reserve showed a significant increase. These findings indicate a consistent effect of training exercise on urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cognitive factors in overweight and obese participants.
Creation of electro-conductive paths and patterns by screen printing on textile bases
Authors: Filipowska Barbara , Wiśniewski Błażej , Zawadzka Michalak Lucyna
Published: November 2016

This article presents a number of possible approaches to creating electro-conductive paths and patterns on flat textiles with various structures and raw material compositions. A modifier was selected and the process of creating the electro-conductive paths by screen printing was optimized. The result of this process was evaluated by the measurement of surface resistance and by microscopic analysis using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The durability of the obtained effect was evaluated by analyzing electro-conductive paths after multiple washing cycles and after rubbing.
Development and testing of controlled adaptive fiber-reinforced elastomer composites
Authors: Cherif Chokri , Hickmann Rico , Nocke Andreas , Schäfer Matthias , Röbenack Klaus , Wießner Sven , Gerlach Gerald
Published: November 2016

The integration of shape memory alloys (SMAs) into textile-reinforced composites produces a class of smart materials whose shape can be actively influenced. In this paper, Ni-Ti SMA wires are inserted during the weaving of a glass fiber reinforcement textile. This “active” reinforcement is then combined with an elastomeric matrix to produce a highly flexible composite sheet, which maintains high rigidity in the longitudinal direction. By activating the SMAs, high deflection ratios of up to 35% (relative to the component's length) are achieved. To adjust the composite's deflection to defined values, a closed-loop control is set up to adjust the current flow through the SMA wires. A control algorithm is designed and evaluated for several test cases. The high deformability and the controllable behavior show the high potential of these materials for applications such as aerodynamic flow control, automation and architecture.
Scheduling method for networked control system with resource constraints based on fuzzy feedback priority and variable sampling period
Authors: Zhongda Tian , Shujiang Li , Yanhong Wang , Xiangdong Wang
Published: November 2016

A scheduling method based on fuzzy feedback priority and variable sampling period for a networked control system with resource constraints is proposed in this paper. Firstly, each control loop weight is adjusted dynamically according to a control loop data transmission error through a quadratic square root mapping function. A different weight is given for each loop. A fuzzy feedback priority scheduling strategy is designed combined with dynamic weight, system output and system output error rate. The priority of each control loop is adjusted dynamically. Then, considering the current network status, the new network utilization is predicted through proportional control. A least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm is used for controlled loop packet transmission time prediction. A variable sampling period for each control loop is determined by using a controlled loop dynamic weight, network utilization and data transmission time. Finally, a fuzzy feedback priority scheduler and variable sampling period scheduler are combined. The merits of the two schedulers are utilized to achieve the optimization goal. A simulation experiment is carried out using the True Time toolbox. Simulation results show that the scheduling method can make the network utilization rate converge to the desired value under resource constraints, improve the output response performance of the control loop, reduce the integral absolute error value of the control loop and decrease the data transmission time of the control loop. The networked control system performance is improved and the scheduling method of this paper is effective.
Vector Field Histogram* with look-ahead tree extension dependent on time variable environment
Authors: Babinec Andrej , Duchoň František , Dekan Martin , Mikulová Zuzana , Jurišica Ladislav
Published: November 2016

The article deals with a novel approach to reactive navigation. A proposed reactive navigation is based on the Vector Field Histogram (VFH) method, which is easily modifiable. The biggest advantage of the proposed method is that it allows the robot to avoid static as well as moving obstacles in an unknown environment in a more effective way and without the need of switching any algorithm or the robot’s behaviour. Moreover, the proposed extension allows the avoidance of several moving obstacles in real time. The article contains three proposed improvements of the original VFH* method: representation of moving objects, look-ahead tree improvements and approach to criterion function. The method is verified by several experiments in various scenarios, which include few static and moving obstacles.
Putting the demos back into the concept of democratic quality
Authors: Mayne Quinton , Geissel Brigitte
Published: November 2016

In this paper we argue that the concept of democratic quality consists of two necessary, but independently insufficient, components. The first is an opportunity-structure component, which includes the institutional and structural opportunities that allow for democratic rule. The second is a citizen component, which refers to the ways in which citizens can and do breathe life into existing institutional opportunities for democratic rule. Based on work from political theory we show how different ontologies or models of democracy place different demands on citizens as much as they do on institutions. We demonstrate the need for quality-of-democracy research to engage with work in political behavior and political psychology, from which it has traditionally been disconnected. In doing so, we provide a parsimonious analytic framework for a theory-driven selection of indicators related to three key citizen dispositions: namely, democratic commitments, political capacities, and political participation. The paper ends with a brief discussion of important implications of our argument for the future study of democratic quality.
Going historical: Measuring democraticness before the age of mass democracy
Authors: Knutsen Carl Henrik , Møller Jørgen , Skaaning Svend-Erik
Published: November 2016

Most studies of democratic developments are limited to the period after World War II. However, political regimes varied according to different aspects of democracy long before the establishment of modern liberal mass democracies. We come down strongly in favor of collecting disaggregate and fine-grained historical data on democratic features. Based on a distinction between competition, participation, and constraints on the executive, we discuss previous attempts at historical measurement and address the specific challenges that pertain to scoring political regimes in, first, the “long 19th century” and, second, medieval and early modern Europe.
Should participatory opportunities be a component of democratic quality? The role of citizen views in resolving a conceptual controversy
Authors: Geissel Brigitte
Published: November 2016

There is consensus in quality-of-democracy research on the role of electoral participation, but what about participatory opportunities beyond elections? Non-electoral participatory opportunities have been neglected in most measurements. Recent indices, however, include these opportunities as indicators of democratic quality. Should non-electoral participatory opportunities be considered an essential component of democratic quality? To answer this question and to address the controversy, I examined three established approaches. On the basis of this examination, it became clear that a novel approach was necessary. By applying the recently emerging debate on ‘democratising’ the definition of democracy, I argue that the controversy among experts needs to be connected to citizens’ concepts. An approach that takes citizens’ concepts into account implies several conceptual as well as methodological challenges. The paper suggests some solutions.
Measuring the quality of democracy: Introduction
Authors: Geissel Brigitte , Kneuer Marianne , Lauth Hans-Joachim
Published: November 2016

This introductory article discusses current challenges in quality of democracy research, explains the objectives of this Special Issue, and provides a brief overview of controversies in existing indices that are considered by the contributors to this Special Issue.
Fetal citizens? Birthright citizenship, reproductive futurism, and the “panic” over Chinese birth tourism in southern California
Authors: Wang Sean H
Published: November 2016

In September 2012, residents of Chino Hills, California—a wealthy suburb of Los Angeles—exposed a maternity hotel in their city. Subsequently, controversy erupted as protesting residents argued that Chinese birth tourism is an immigration loophole, where foreigners took advantage of jus soli birthright citizenship guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This paper uses this controversy as a springboard to explore how temporalities—both the past and the future—come to shape politics in the present. Considering reproductive futurism in the contexts of citizenship and migrations, this paper argues that the figure of the fetal citizen emerges as the defining site of struggle between preserving, or exposing, the fantasy of a national future. Reports of panic over Chinese birth tourism, then, show how “backwards” racialized citizenship is continually brought to this present struggle, especially vis-a-vis discourses of the “worthy immigrant” and “anchor babies”, to determine who may give birth to citizens in the U.S.