bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Solutions of Linear Abel Integral Equations Via Boubaker Polynomials Method
Authors: Abdullah Jalil Talab , Ali Haleema Swaidan , Ali Waleeda Swaidan
Published: October 2023

في هذه المقالة، تم تقديم طريقة عددية تستند الى عديدات حدود بوبكر لحل معادلات آبيل التكاملية الخطية  من النوع الاول والثاني. تم تحويل معادلات آبيل التكاملية الى نظام جبري من المعادلات الخطية  باستخدام المصفوفات. للحصول على معالم بوبكر، تم حل هذا النظام  باستخدام طريقة كاوس للحذف. ولتوضيح نتائج هذه الطريقة تم تقديم اربعة امثلة ومقارنتها مع نتائج العديد من الطرق المذكرة في البحوث السابقة. تم استخدام برنامج الماتلاب  R2018b لأجراء جميع الحسابات والرسوم البيانية.
Synthesis, Characterization , Thermal Studies and Antioxidant Activities of Transition Metal Complexes with Azo Dye ligand
Authors: Abdullah Amnah Mahdi , Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih
Published: October 2023

تم إجراء تفاعل ديازوتيزيشن بين 1- (6,4,2-ثلاثي هيدروكسي-فينيل) -إيثانون وأملاح ديازونيوم مما أدى إلى تكوين ليكاند 4- (3-أسيتيل -2،4،6-ثلاثي هيدروكسي-فينيل ازو) -N- (5-ميثيل-إيزوكسازول-3-يل) -بنزين سلفوناميد ، وهذا بدوره يتفاعل مع أيونات المعادن التالية (+V4، +Cr3، +Mn2 و +Cu2) مكونة معقدات مستقرة ثمانية السطوح لكل من الكروم والمنغنيز والنحاس و هرمي مربع القاعدة لـلفناديوم الرباعي .تم اكتشاف إنشاء مثل هذه المعقدات من خلال استخدام الوسائل الطيفية التي تنطوي على الأشعة فوق البنفسجية التي أثبتت الأشكال الهندسية التي تم الحصول عليها ، وأثبت IR تكوين مجموعة الآزو والتنسيق مع أيون المعدن من خلالها. أثبتت دراسات الانحلال الحراري (TGA & DSC) تنسيق بقايا الماء مع أيونات المعادن داخل مجال التناسق وكذلك ذرات الكلور. علاوة على ذلك ، التحليل الجزئي للعنصر و AAS الذي أعطى النتيجة المقابلة مع نتيجة العد النظري. (H &13C-NMR1) والكميات المغناطيسية يمكن أن تشير أيضًا إلى تكوين ليكاند H3L وحدوث التنسيق. تم حساب الثوابت الديناميكية الحرارية (H∆, S∆, G∆). سيتم استخدام طريقة الكسح الجذري DPPH لتقييم الأنشطة المضادة للأكسدة للمركبات التي أظهرت قدرتها المضادة للأكسدة على اخماد الجذور الحرة.
Optimum System Design Using Rough Interval Multi-Objective De Novo Programming
Authors: Hussein Iftikhar , Zaher Hegazy , Saeid Naglaa Ragaa , Roshdy Hebaa Sayed
Published: October 2023

تُعد برمجة دي نوڤو متعددة الأهداف، أداة فعالة تتعامل مع تصميم نظام أمثل، وذلك من خلال تحديد المستوى الأمثل لتخصيص الموارد، وتحسين قيمة دوال الهدف وفقاً لسعر الموارد (هذا فيما لو كانت الظروف طبيعية ولا يوجد تقلب في الاسعار). في هذه البحث اُقتِرحَ نهجاً جديداً لحل مشكلة عدم اليقين لمشكلة برمجة دي نوفو، وذلك باستخدام أنموذج مركب يتضمن نوعين من البرمجة: الأول هو برمجة متعددة الأهداف ذات الفاصل التقريبي (RIMOP)، والثاني: برمجة دي نوڤو(DNP)، علماً بأن معاملات متغيرات القرار لدالة الهدف والقيود عبارة عن فاصل تقريبي RIC. وقد استخدامنا ثلاث طرائق لحل الانموذج المقترح وإيجاد تصميم نظام أمثل، الطريقة الاولى هي طريقة المجموع الموزون WSM والتي تُستخدم قبل اعادة صياغة النموذج المقترح RIMOP (وكانت الموارد معروفة)، وقد وجد ان نتائج طريقة WSM تعطي حلاً واحداً (حل وسط قريب من المثالية) من بين الحلول المقبولة تحت كل حد من حدود المشكلة، وبالتالي يمكن تقديم أربع حلول (بدائل) لصانع القرار (DM). اما منهجية زيلني وطريقة نسب المسار الأمثل فقد استخدمت بعد صياغة الانموذج المقترح (RIMODNP) (وكانت الموارد للطرف الأيمن للقيود ليست معروفة).  وجد ان منهجية زيلني تعطي تصميم نظام أمثل واحداً لكل حد من حدود المشكلة، في حين ان طريقة المسار الأمثل طبقت بعد ان تم التأكد من حدود النموذج المقترح وفقاً النظرية شاي فقد استخدمنا ثلاثة أنواع من النسب تحت كل مشكلة فرعية، فقد وجد ان هذهِ الطريقة تعطي ثلاث تصاميم انظمة مثلى تحت كل حد للمشكلة، وقد اتضح من خلال النتائج ان طريقة نسب المسار الامثل هي أكثر كفاءة من غيرها بعد تطبيقها على النموذج المقترح، لأنها اعطت اثنا عشر بديلاً لـ(DM)، لوحظ ان الانموذج المقترح يتوافق مع شروط ونظريات RIC. يُعد الانموذج المقترح مناسباً جداً لظروف عدم اليقين، اخيراً، طبق مثال رقمي على الانموذج المقترح.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification of Diabetes Utilizing Confusion Matrix Analysis
Authors: Mijwil Maad M. , Aljanabi Mohammad
Published: October 2023

يستخدم العاملين في الرعاية الصحية التعلم الآلي أكثر فأكثر في السنوات الأخيرة لتعزيز نتائج المرضى وخفض التكاليف عليهم. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم تنفيذ التعلم الآلي في مجالات مختلفة، بما في ذلك تشخيص الأمراض، وتصنيف مخاطر المرضى، واقتراحات العلاج المخصصة، وتطوير الأدوية. يمكن لخوارزميات التعلم الآلي أن تفحص كميات هائلة من البيانات من السجلات الصحية الإلكترونية، والصور الطبية، ومصادر أخرى لتحديد الأنماط والتنبؤات، والتي يمكن أن تدعم المتخصصين في الرعاية الصحية والخبراء في اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة، وتعزيز رعاية المرضى، وتحديد حالة المريض الصحية. في هذا الصدد، اختار المؤلف مقارنة أداء ثلاث خوارزميات (الانحدار اللوجستي ، Adaboost ، بايزالساذجة) من خلال معدل التصنيف الصحيح للتنبؤ بمرض السكري من أجل ضمان فعالية التشخيص الدقيق. تم الحصول على مجموعة البيانات المطبقة في هذا العمل من مستودع مؤسسي بجامعة فاندربيلت وهي بيانات متاحة للحميع. استنجتت الدراسة أن ثلاث خوارزميات فعالة للغاية في التنبؤ. بشكل أساسي، كان معدل تصنيف الانحدار اللوجستي و Adaboost أعلى من 92٪ ، وحققت خوارزمية بايز الساذجة معدل تصنيف أعلى من 90٪.
Intersectionality and depression symptoms in Mexican adults aged ≥50, MHAS 2001 and 2012
Authors: Cruz-Cruz Copytzy , Zamora-Macorra Mireya , Astudillo-García Claudia Iveth , Guerra Germán
Published: October 2023

Objective. To analyze, from the perspective of intersectionality, the association of social inequality dimensions (occupation, poverty, and educational level) and socio-demographic and health characteristics with the proportion of depressive symptoms among males and females aged 50 years and older who participated in the 2001 and 2012 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Materials and methods. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models stratified by sex were performed, including interaction terms between poverty, educational level, and employment conditions on the presence of depressive symptoms. Results. The proportion of females with depressive symptoms was significantly higher than that of males in both waves. A high proportion of older females in poverty, with five years or less of education and manual occupational activities, reported depressive symptoms in the MHAS-2001. The interactions evaluated between occupation, poverty, and educational level were not statistically significant under adjusted models; however, disability and comorbidities were associated with depressive symptoms in both sexes. Conclusion. A higher proportion of females have depressive symptoms under conditions of inequality; however, the effect of the intersection between employment and socio-demographic characteristics on depressive symptoms was not observed under adjusted models.
Factores que afectan el estado nutricional en personas mayores mexicanas: Enasem, 2018
Authors: Tinajero-Delgado Janet , Martínez-Ezquerro José Darío , Moreno-Tamayo Karla , Curcio-Borrero Carmen Lucía , Arias-Merino Elva Dolores , Sánchez-García Sergio , Espinel-Bermúdez María Claudia , Valencia-Rico Claudia Liliana
Published: October 2023

Objetivo. Analizar los factores que afectan el estado nutricional en personas mayores mexicanas del Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México 2018 (Enasem 2018). Material y métodos. Análisis transversal secundario de determinantes sociales, factores relativos a la salud y eventos estresantes de la vida con dos problemas nutricionales relevantes en personas mayores: 1) desnutrición y 2) exceso de peso considerando sobrepeso y obesidad, mediante regresión logística múltiple. Resultados. 4 587 participantes. La prevalencia de desnutrición fue 16.1% y está relacionada con edad ≥80 años, sin pareja, sin escolaridad, sobrestimación de índice de masa corporal (IMC), dificultad motriz, dependencia funcional instrumental, hospitalización en año previo y caídas en los últimos dos años, autorreporte de fuerza prensil débil, reporte de desastre que afectó vivienda o accidente que afectó la salud. La prevalencia de exceso de peso fue 43.6%, relacionada con ser mujer, tener 60 a 79 años, percibirse sin sobrepeso u obesidad y subestimarlo contra IMC, tener ≥3 enfermedades, síntomas somáticos e inactividad física. Conclusiones. Los factores que afectan el estado nutricional hacia desnutrición o exceso de peso en las personas mayores requieren considerarse como áreas de intervención importante en el envejecimiento.
The Omicron wave in Mexico: vaccine protection against progression to severe Covid-19 in SARS-CoV-2-infected workers
Authors: Hernández-Ávila Mauricio , Vieyra-Romero Waldo Iván , Gutiérrez-Díaz Héctor Osiris , Zepeda-Tello Rodrigo , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Hernández-Ávila Juan Eugenio , Barros-Sierra David , Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela , Duque-Molina Celida , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh , Carnalla-Cortés Martha , Dyer-Leal Dwight , López-Ridaura Ruy , López-Gatell-Ramírez Hugo
Published: October 2023

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of seven Covid-19 vaccines in preventing disease progression (DP) using data from national private sector workers during the Omicron wave in Mexico from January 2 to March 5, 2022. Materials and methods. This study employed an administrative retrospective cohort design, analyzing DP (hospitalization or death due to respiratory disease) among workers who filed a respiratory short-term disability claim and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Risk ratios (RRadj) were estimated using Poisson regression models adjusted for various factors. Results. Vaccinated individuals had a lower risk of hospitalization and death compared with unvaccinated individuals. The overall RRadj for hospitalization and death were 0.36 (95%CI 0.32, 0.41) and 0.24 (0.17, 0.33), respectively. When evaluating vaccines individually, the RRadj for hospitalization were as follows Pfizer BioNTech 0.27 (95%CI 0.22, 0.33), Moderna 0.29 (95%CI 0.15, 0.57), Sinovac 0.32 (95%CI 0.25, 0.41), AstraZeneca 0.39 (95%CI 0.34, 0.46), Sputnik 0.39 (95%CI 0.28, 0.53), CanSino 0.41 (95%CI 0.24, 0.7), and Janssen 0.53 (95%CI 0.39, 0.72). The RRadj for death were as follows: Pfizer BioNTech 0.12 (95%CI 0.07, 0.19), Sputnik 0.15 (95%CI 0.06, 0.38), Sinovac 0.29 (95%CI 0.16, 0.53), AstraZeneca 0.30 (95%CI 0.20, 0.44), CanSino 0.38 (95%CI 0.1, 1.4), and Janssen 0.50 (95%CI 0.26, 0.97). Conclusion. Covid-19 vaccines significantly reduced the risk of severe disease during the Omicron wave in Mexico.
20 years of the Mexican Health and Aging Study
Authors: Wong Rebeca , García-Peña Carmen , Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , Aguila Emma , Samper-Ternent Rafael
Published: October 2023

The Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) is a longitudinal study using a national sample of approximately 15,000 community-dwelling adults aged 50 years old and older in Mexico. Spanning over 20 years (2001-2021), six waves of data collection establish the MHAS as the leading data platform for the study of aging in Latin America.
Actomyosin pulsing rescues embryonic tissue folding from disruption by myosin fluctuations
Authors: Zhu Hongkang , O'Shaughnessy Ben
Published: October 2023

During early development, myosin II mechanically reshapes and folds embryo tissue. A much-studied example is ventral furrow formation in Drosophila, marking the onset of gastrulation. Furrowing is driven by contraction of actomyosin networks on apical cell surfaces, but how the myosin patterning encodes tissue shape is unclear, and elastic models failed to reproduce essential features of experimental cell contraction profiles. The myosin patterning exhibits substantial cell-to-cell fluctuations with pulsatile time-dependence, a striking but unexplained feature of morphogenesis in many organisms. Here, using biophysical modeling we find viscous forces offer the principal resistance to actomyosin-driven apical constriction. In consequence, tissue shape is encoded in the direction-dependent curvature of the myosin patterning which orients an anterior-posterior furrow. Tissue contraction is highly sensitive to cell-to-cell myosin fluctuations, explaining furrowing failure in genetically perturbed embryos whose fluctuations are temporally persistent. In wild-type embryos this disastrous outcome is averted by pulsatile myosin time-dependence, which rescues furrowing by eliminating high frequencies in the fluctuation power spectrum. This low pass filter mechanism may underlie the usage of actomyosin pulsing in diverse morphogenetic processes across many organisms.
Multiferroic Magnon Spin-Torque Based Reconfigurable Logic-In-Memory
Authors: Nan Tianxiang , Chai Yahong , Liang Yuhan , Xiao Cancheng , Wang Yue , Li Bo , Jiang Dingsong , Pal Pratap , Tang Yongjian , Chen Hetian , Zhang Yuejie , Skowroński Witold , Zhang Qinghua , GU Lin , Ma Jing , Yu Pu , Tang Jianshi , Lin Yuan-Hua , Yi Di , Ralph Daniel , Eom Chang-Beom , Wu Huaqiang
Published: October 2023

In-memory computing, utilizing non-volatile memories capable of performing both information storage and logic operations within the same device, holds the promise for empowering artificial intelligence (AI) with significantly reduced energy consumption. Existing logic-in-memory devices that have been implemented operate mainly based on charge transport, a process that inevitably gives rise to heat dissipation. On the other hand, magnons, bosonic quasiparticles carrying angular momentum, can flow through insulators for information transmission with minimal heat dissipation. However, it remains challenging to develop a magnon-based logic-in-memory device mainly due to the lack of efficient approach for electrical manipulation of magnon transport. Here we present a multiferroic magnon spin-torque (MMST) device that uses magnons as information carriers, in which the antiferromagnetic magnon modes can be electrically excited and controlled by the ferroelectric polarization in a multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) thin film with magnetoelectrically coupled antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric orders. In MMST that consists of multiple multiferroic/ferromagnet memory cells positioned along a spin-current channel, information can be written to magnetic bits in parallel by the magnon-mediated spin torque. We show that the ferroelectric polarization can electrically modulate the magnon spin-torque by controlling the non-collinear antiferromagnetic structure. We further demonstrate reconfigurable logic-in-memory operations in single MMST device. Our findings highlight the potential of multiferroics for controlling magnon information transport and offer a pathway towards room-temperature voltage-controlled, low-power, scalable magnonics for in-memory computing.
Human CD4-Binding Site Antibody Elicited by Polyvalent DNA Prime-Protein Boost Vaccine Neutralizes Cross-Clade Tier-2-HIV Strains
Authors: Lu Shan , Wang Shixia , Chan Kun-Wei , Wei Danlan , Ma Xiuwen , Liu Shuying , Hu Guangna , Park Saeyoung , Pan Ruimin , Gu Ying , Nazzari Alexandra , Olia Adam , Xu Kai , Lin Bob , Louder Mark , Doria-Rose Nicole , Montefiori David , Seaman Michael , Zhou Tongqing , Kwong Peter , Arthos James , Kong Xiang-Peng
Published: October 2023

The vaccine elicitation of HIV-neutralizing antibodies with tier-2-neutralization breadth has been a challenge. Here, we report the isolation and characteristics of a CD4-binding site specific monoclonal antibody, HmAb64, from a human volunteer immunized with a polyvalent gp120 DNA prime-protein boost vaccine. HmAb64 derived from heavy chain variable germline gene IGHV1-18, light chain germline gene IGKV1-39, and had a 3rd heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR H3) of 15 amino acids. On a cross-clade panel of 208 HIV-1 pseudo-virus strains, HmAb64 neutralized 21 (10%), including tier-2 neutralization resistant strains from clades B, BC, C, and G. The cryo-EM structure of the antigen-binding fragment of HmAb64 bound to a conformation between prefusion closed and occluded open forms of envelope trimer, using both heavy and light CDR3s to recognize the CD4-binding loop, a critical component of the CD4-binding site. A gp120 subunit-based vaccine can thus elicit an antibody capable of tier 2-HIV neutralization.
Role of RelA-synthesized (p)ppGpp in de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli
Authors: Kuile Benno Ter , Qi Wenxi , Jonker Martijs , De leeuw Wim , Brul stanley
Published: October 2023

The stringent response of bacteria to starvation and stress, also fulfils a role in addressing the threat of antibiotics. Within this stringent response, (p)ppGpp, synthesized by RelA or SpoT, functions as a global alarmone. However, the effect of this stringent response and (p)ppGpp on resistance development is poorly understood. Here, we show that the knockout of relA or rpoS curtails resistance development against bactericidal antibiotics. The emergence of mutations in genes such as the starvation protection factor dps, and another (p)ppGpp synthase spoT in ΔrelA-resistant strains, indicates the activation of stringent responses. The growth rate is decreased in ΔrelA-resistant strains due to the reduced ability to synthesize (p)ppGpp and the persistence of deacylated tRNA impeding protein synthesis. Sluggish cellular activity leads to decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn diminishes the oxidative damage, specifically the generation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-HOdG), leading to the attenuation of DNA repair. Collectively, this contributes to the deceleration of resistance development under long-term antibiotic treatment. This study substantiates the intricate interplay between RelA-synthesized (p)ppGpp and ROS-mediated mutagenesis in resistance development. These findings offer new targets for mitigating antibiotic resistance development, potentially achieved through the inhibition of (p)ppGpp or ROS synthesis.
The thermal drift modeling of spindle system based on a physical driven deformation methodology
Authors: Kang ChengMing
Published: October 2023

Thermal error is one of the main factors that leads to the decline of CNC machine tool’s accuracy stability. The location of the typical thermal key points is determined by the finite element analysis model of the spindle system. The thermal experiments were conducted on a spindle of the milling machine tool. Furthermore, the distribution law of the spindle temperature field and the mechanism of its deformation was elaborated. On this basis, the temperature field model of each region of a spindle system was established based on the generation, conduction, and convection theory of heat, spindle speed and motor load. A physical driven deformation modeling (PDDM) method was put forward for building the relationship between the axial thermal drift error and the temperatures of the key points of spindle system. Then, with parameters identified using data of one speed, the influence of structural size uncertainty on prediction results was analyzed by the first-order second-moment (FOSM) method. The prediction residual errors of the suggested model with multiple size parameter fluctuation were provided. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the time-varying error model was verified by experiments and compensation.
Direct Observations of X-Rays Produced by Upward Positive Lightning
Authors: Oregel-Chaumont Toma , Sunjerga Antonio , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Cooray Vernon , Rubinstein Marcos , Rachidi Farhad
Published: October 2023

X-rays have been observed in natural downward cloud-to-ground lightning for over twenty years and in rocket-triggered lightning for slightly less. In both cases, this energetic radiation has been detected during the stepped and dart leader phases of downward negative flashes. More recently, X-rays have also been reported during the dart leader phase of upward negative flashes. In this study, we present the observations of four upward positive lightning flashes from the Säntis Tower (2.5 km ASL) in Switzerland. These consist of the simultaneous records of electric current passing through the tower, and electric field strength and X-ray flux 20 meters from the tower base. One of the flashes was captured by a high-speed camera operating at 24,000 frames per second, stills from which are also presented. We detected X-rays during the initial phase of upward negative leader propagation, which can be associated with the leader-stepping process from electric field and current waveforms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such measurements are reported in the literature. The obtained time-synchronised data confirm that the X-ray emissions detected are associated with the initial steps of the upward negative leader. The frequency and energy of X-ray pulses appear to decrease as a function of time, with pulses disappearing altogether within the first millisecond of the leader initiation. The X-ray pulse energy appears to increase with the maximum current-derivative and the electric field change of its associated leader step. These observations contribute to improving the currently lackluster understanding of upward lightning, which is a primary source of damage to tall structures such as telecommunications towers and wind turbines, as well as airplanes during take-off and landing.
Spectral Classification of Grass Genomes Sequences
Authors: K Vineet Kumar , C Hemamalini H , Metipatil Prabhuraj , Patil Ashok , Kaulgud SP , Angadi UB , Patil SS
Published: October 2023

Robust factual classification of grass genomes sequences to their respective taxonomical families through clustering techniques. To form classes of homologous sequences based on the distance measures related to sequences proximity with corresponding threshold value. Optimise the misclassification to families or superfamilies with the distribution of the distance between grass genome sequences narrowed constraints. Spectral clustering to filter over all noisy data, algorithm is based on a ransom walk and normal cut and uses the leading eigenvectors. Spectral theory allows the classification of grass genomes into families based on a global method. K-mean spectral clustering can automatically determine the number of clusters/families/superfamilies and classify a set of grass genomes into families/superfamilies. Our results point to that the method is preferably appropriate to the fast and accurate uncovering of genome families on a huge scale of grass genome. The scheme has been cast-off to detect and classify genome families within the grass genome and the ensuing families have been used to annotate a great proportion. The proposed technique results indicate that comparably converge to predominant accurate clusters in order Graminales, family- Gramineae.
The effect of nanoclay on mechanical and swelling resistance properties of ternary rubber (NR/SBR/NBR) blends nanocomposites
Authors: Srin J. , Jagatheeshwaran M. S. , Elayaperumal A. , Vishvanathperumal S.
Published: October 2023

The production of a new class of plastics with improved properties can be achieved through polymer blends rather than using individual components. This study involved the preparation of nanocomposite ternary blends comprising natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), incorporating nanoclay (NC) through a melt compounding process. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of these NR/SBR/NBR ternary blends nanocomposites were examined. Throughout the study, the NR/SBR/NBR content remained constant at 30/30/40 phr, and an ultrablend 4000 at 3 phr was used as a compatibilizer, while varying the fractions of nanoclay. The study's results demonstrated a notable enhancement in the stability of scorch time and the optimum cure time of the nanocomposites through the incorporation of nanofillers. Moreover, the nanoclay content was directly proportional to the increase in tensile properties (tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation and elongation at break %), abrasion resistance, and compression set of the nanocomposites. However, the mole percent uptake exhibited a noteworthy decrease as the nanoclay content increased. Further analysis using FESEM of the tensile fracture surfaces revealed that the inclusion of nanoclay in the nanocomposites led to better adhesion of NR/SBR/NBR rubber and enhanced tensile properties. This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing nanocomposites in polymer blends to enhance the overall performance of elastomers.
Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics study of embryonic breast muscle of Jiaji ducks
Authors: Gu Lihong , Chen Jile , Hu Chengjun , Wang Dingfa , Huan Shuqian , Rong Guang , Lv Renlong , Xu Tieshan
Published: October 2023

Because number of matured muscle fibers in poultry does not increase after birth, the meat yield is mainly determined during embryogenesis. We previously indicated breast muscle grew rapidly from 18th day after hatching (E18) to E27, and almost stopped from E27 to E34 of Jiaji ducks, while the mechanism is unclear. This study utilized RNA-seq to explore the related genes of muscle development and their relationship with small molecule metabolites at E18, E27 and E34 of Jiaji ducks. Several thousand differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. DEGs expression profiles included 8 trend maps, among which trend 1 was opposite to and trend 6 was consistent with breast muscle development trend of Jiaji ducks. Through joint analysis between trend 1 of DEGs and trend 1 of differential metabolites (DEMs), protein digestion and absorption pathway stood out. The decrease of COL8A2 gene expression will lead to the decrease of arginine content, which will inhibit the development of breast muscle in embryonic Jiaji duck. Similarly, joint analysis between trend 6 of DEGs and trend 6 of DEMs indicated the increase of GAMT gene expression will cause the increase of proline content, so as to promote the development of breast muscle of Jiaji duck in embryonic period.. These results will be helpful for further understanding the mechanism of muscle yields of Jiaji ducks.
LC-MS/MS-QTOF dataset of chemical compounds detected in honey samples from Bali and Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: ullah Saeed , Hussin Huszalina , Huda Nurul , Zulkifli Razauden Mohamed , Gunam Ida Bagus Wayan , Antara Nyoman Semadi , Wahab Roswanira Abdul , Huyop Fahrul
Published: October 2023

Objective Honey production is susceptible to manipulation by unscrupulous sellers, making honey authentication crucial to prevent fraud. The process of authenticating honey often necessitates the use of various analytical techniques, such as identifying the chemicals present in honey through LC-MS/MS QTOF systems. Therefore, determining the chemical composition in honey is of utmost importance for verifying the authenticity of honey, particularly in the analysis of chemical compound composition from selected location of Bali and Lombok. These samples have not been previously examined using untargeted approaches, representing a novel investigation in this region.
Data Description This dataset constitutes a comprehensive compilation of chemical compounds identified in honey samples collected from Bali and Lombok. Employing an untargeted analytical approach, a diverse array of chemical compounds commonly encountered in honey from this geographic region was detected. The dataset includes information regarding compound nomenclature, mass-to-charge ratios, retention times, as well as results from extensive database searches. Collectively, these data afford in-depth insights into the compositional profile of honey samples from this specific geographical area.
Modelling the impact of COVID-19 on unemployment patterns across diverse sectors in the Valencian Community, Spain.
Authors: Saurina Laura Serra , Juan Pablo , Chaudhuri Sommath
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 crisis has brought about a substantial and abrupt disruption to the economy of the EU27, leading to the need for unprecedented policy responses in the European Union (EU) nations. The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of the pandemic on unemployment within the Valencian Community, Spain. Specifically, it aims to examine and compare the effects on the major economic sectors in the region, namely industry, service, agriculture and construction. The study investigates the variation in unemployment rates across municipalities and in those economic sectors. To achieve this objective, we used a dataset comprising economic data collected at the municipal level from 2016 to 2021, including variables such as unemployment rates, the number of companies, government spending, budgetary data and debt levels. To explore these economic phenomena, we used spatio-temporal quantitative models that incorporate integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) and stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) methodologies. These specialized methodologies are employed alongside three distinct approaches with various analytical strategies to effectively analyse and comprehend the dynamics of economic factors, allowing us to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of the pandemic on unemployment within the Valencian community. The study first examines the economic situation in the Valencian community by considering all municipalities, stratifying them by each of the economic sectors considered and separating them into three years: 2019, 2020 and 2021. The second approach categorizes municipalities by population size (small, medium, large) and considers political subsidies based on population and unemployment. The final approach uses temporal models to monitor changes from 2016 to 2021, capturing both political and social shifts. The results reveal a uniform impact of the lockdown on all four sectors. Upon closer examination of the three methodologies, it becomes evident that the initial approach, which did not account for temporal effects, emphasized the significance of spatial effects, and the best models are those that include all the elements, covariates, temporal effects and the spatial distributions of the municipalities.
Alanine transaminase is a risk factor for Acute pericarditis: A Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Liu Ze-Yu , Chen Guan-Lin , He Ying-Zheng , Qiu Shi-Zhen , Lin Jun-Yuan , Lei Bing-Xi , Zhou Xue-Qiong
Published: October 2023

Background
As a kind of cardiovascular disease, the association between acute pericarditis and ALT has not been reported, and whether there is a causal relationship between ALT and acute pericarditis is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between ALT and the risk of acute pericarditis using a Mendelian randomization (MR) design.
Methods
We used large consortia of candidate gene summary data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore a causal association between levels of liver enzymes (alanine transaminase) and acute pericarditis. The IEU OPEN GWAS Project data were used for the GWAS of liver enzyme levels and included 437,267 participants. The IEU OPEN GWAS Project data, which included 437,267 participants, were utilized for investigating liver enzyme levels. Similarly, these data were also analyzed to assess the occurrence of acute pericarditis among 337,199 participants of mainly European ancestry from various countries. The main method used in this study is inverse-variance weighted (IVW), supplemented by the weighted median method and MR-Egger method.
Results
The results of IVW methods demonstrated that ALT was significantly associated with higher odds of acute pericarditis, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.0016 (95%CI, 1.00004-1.00316; p<0.05). Furthermore, both funnel plots and MR-Egger results indicated no directional pleiotropic effects between ALT and acute pericarditis.
Conclusions
Our study provided potential evidence for a causal association between ALT and acute pericarditis, suggesting that enhanced screening for ALT allows for early detection of acute pericarditis.
Smartphones enabled up to 58 seconds strong-shaking warning in the M7.8 Türkiye earthquake
Authors: Finazzi Francesco , Bossu Remy , Cotton Fabrice
Published: October 2023

Public earthquake early warning systems (PEEWSs) have the potential to save lives by warning people of incoming seismic waves up to tens of seconds in advance. Given the scale and geographical extent of their impact, this potential is greatest for destructive earthquakes, such as the M7.8 Pazarcik (Türkiye) event of 6 February 2023, which killed almost 60,000 people. However, warning people of imminent strong shaking is particularly difficult for large-magnitude earthquakes because the warning must be given before the earthquake has reached its final size. Here, we show that the Earthquake Network (EQN), the first operational smartphone-based PEEWS and apparently the only one operating during this earthquake, issued a cross-border alert within 11 seconds of the beginning of the rupture. A comparison with accelerometer and macroseismic data reveals that, owing to the EQN alerting strategy, Turkish and Syrian EQN users exposed to intensity IX and above benefitted from a warning time of up to 58 seconds before the onset of strong ground shaking. If the alert had been extended to the entire population, approximately 2.7 million Turkish and Syrian people exposed to a life-threatening earthquake would have received a warning ranging from 30 seconds to 66 seconds in advance.
Intense laser interaction with micro-bars
Authors: Pomerantz Ishay , Elkind Michal , Cohen itamar , Blackman David , Meir Talia , Perelmutter Lior , Catabi Tomer , Levanon Assaf , Glenzer Siegfried , Arefiev Alexey
Published: October 2023

Intense laser fields interact very differently with micrometric rough surfaces than with flat objects. The interaction features high laser energy absorption and increased emission of MeV electrons, ions, and of hard x-rays. In this work, we irradiated isolated, translationally-symmetric objects in the form of micrometric Au bars. The interaction resulted in the emission of two forward-directed electron jets having a small opening angle, a narrow energy spread in the MeV range, and a positive angle to energy correlation. Our numerical simulations show that following ionization, those electrons that are pulled into vacuum near the object's edge, remain in-phase with the laser pulse for long enough so that the Lorentz force they experience drive them around the object's edge. After these electrons pass the object, they form attosecond duration bunches and interact with the laser field over large distances in vacuum in confined volumes that trap and accelerate them within a narrow range of momentum. The selectivity in energy of the interaction, its directionality, and the preservation of the attosecond duration of the electron bunches over large distances, offer new means for designing future laser-based light sources.
CCCD: A Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient based Data Augmentation Technique using Change Detection and Automatic Augmentation for Counting a Crowd
Authors: Sharma Ranjana , Dutt Sarthika , Dwivedi Rakesh Kumar , Kumari Neeraj
Published: October 2023

The necessity to address a difficult, significant, real-world image-based counting problem that cannot be adequately addressed with existing methodologies is what inspired this research. In order to overcome the difficulties mentioned above, we suggest a fresh method for teaching counting that builds on the earlier methods in several ways. A useful method for improving the performance of the counting model is data augmentation. The use of data augmentation can raise the amount and quality of training datasets, enhance model performance, and prevent the issue of data over-fitting. The phrase "data augmentation" refers to a collection of techniques used to increase the quantity and quality of training datasets so that Deep Learning models can be trained from them. Geometric transformations like color-space enhancement, kernel filters, combining pictures, and feature space augmentation are just a few of the image augmentation methods included in this examination. We propose a novel deep framework for counting, based on deep reinforcement learning. A pre-trained model with change detection is used before repeatedly attempting to build a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG)-based data augmentation strategy. After determining the optimum augmentation action for a given dataset, the augmented dataset is utilized to enhance the model. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrate that the automatic augmentation method may be utilized to produce adaptable augmentation strategies for counting models targeted at certain datasets.
Investigation of Nonuniform Turning for Tracked Vehicles on Level Terrain and on Slopes
Authors: Elsharkawy Ahmed Fouad , kamel Mohamed Atef , Salem Amgad Kamel , Abdelshafy Mohamed Hassan
Published: October 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Moving targets intelligent detection and tracking algorithm for that can restrain of local occlusion
Authors: YANG YueTing , Hu Shaolin , Zhang Jie , Ren Xinghua , Ke Ye
Published: October 2023

The optical imaging of the target motion process is susceptible to occlusion, resulting in detection failure and tracking loss. Aiming at the problems of low detection accuracy and poor robustness of existing multi-target tracking algorithms, this paper improves the YOLOv8 detection algorithm and DeepSort tracking algorithm, and constructs a YOLOv8 + DeepSort multi-target detection and tracking joint algorithm. In order to enhance the feature extraction ability of the model, the CBAM module is introduced into the YOLOv8 detection algorithm to retain more feature information. In order to further improve the tracking performance of the DeepSort algorithm, the Hungarian algorithm is selected to achieve the optimal matching of the detection box and the prediction box. The Euclidean distance is used to replace the IOU for the second matching of the failed detection box. The improved YOLOv8 and DeepSort joint algorithm is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the detection algorithm based on the improved YOLOv8 reaches 99.5 %, and the comprehensive detection and evaluation data are better than YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv5, and YOLOv7 algorithms., The moving target is tracked in combined with the improved DeepSort, such that the Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA) and Multiple Object Tracking Precision (MOTP) can reach 66.1 % and 84.3 % respectively, and the count of ID conversion is reduced by 16, verifying the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Topographical heterogeneity governs species distribution and regeneration potential by mediating soil attributes in Western Himalayan forests
Authors: Singh Shipra , Verma Abhishek , Hofhansl Florian
Published: October 2023

The present study is an attempt to understand variation in species composition and diversity and soil properties along topographic gradients in Western Himalayan reserve forests (400-3000m asl). To analyze changes in floristic composition, diversity, and regeneration status, we measured woody vegetation in forest plots at different altitudinal levels and contrasting aspects (North and south). Trees (diameter at breast height (DBH) > 10cm) and saplings (3-10cm DBH) were sampled in 10m×10m plots, shrubs were sampled in 5m×5m plots and seedlings (0-3cm DBH) were sampled in 1m×1m plots. To study variation in soil properties, samples were collected from each forest stand in five replicates from layers of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, and 20-30cm in soil depths. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to identify important factors that govern species distribution. Variance partitioning was conducted to quantify the relative contribution of elevation, slope aspect, vegetation attributes, and soil properties on regeneration potential of tree species. We found that environmental filtering shapes local species composition and associated edaphic factors in the region. Species richness and diversity were found to decrease with elevation. Soil properties (Organic Carbon, pH, and texture) and associated vegetation parameters did not vary significantly between the aspects. CCA confirmed that species composition was positively related to moisture content and available phosphorous at higher elevations, while reduced weathering rates and bulk density at lower elevations might have caused relatively lower nutrient turnover rates. Our study concludes that topographical variation and increased sum of soil nutrients are highly favorable for growth and development of plant species.
Soliton solutions of DSW and Burgers equations by generalized (G'/G) -expansion method
Authors: Hossain A. K. M. Kazi Sazzad , Akter Halida , Akbar M. Ali
Published: October 2023

Nonlinear evolution equations play a significant role in applied mathematics, including ordinary and partial differential equations, which are frequently used in many disciplines of applied sciences such as condensed matter physics, biophysics, atomic chains, optical fiber, chemical kinematics, molecular crystals and mathematical biology. The new generalized (G'/G)-expansion method provides an effective and more powerful mathematical tool for solving NLEEs arising in applied mathematics and mathematical physics for their easy calculation procedure. In this paper, two nonlinear evolution equations named the Drinfeld-Sokolov-Wilson equation and the Burgers equation are considered to find more new exact solutions by executing the new generalized (G'/G)-expansion method. Each of the derived solutions includes an explicit function of the variables in the equations under consideration. It has been established that the suggested techniques are more potential and successful at obtaining soliton solutions for nonlinear evolution equations. We provide some 3D plots to realize characteristics of the solutions.
Historical Assessment and Mapping of Human Plague in Kazakhstan: a Meta-analysis of Plague Epidemiology
Authors: Rametov Nurkuisa , Abdel Ziyat , Zhumadilova Zauresh , Yessimseit Duman , Abdeliyev Beck , Mussagaliyeva Raikhan , Issaeva Svetlana , AlThuwaynee Omar F. , Baygurin Zhaksybek , Tabynov Kairat
Published: October 2023

Understanding the historical assessment of plague in Kazakhstan is essential for early warning and decision support for effective health disaster management. For this purpose, this study evaluated historical data on plague from 1926 to 2003 in Kazakhstan using descriptive-analytical methods. The results of the study showed that between 1926 and 2003, there were 565 human plague cases in 82 different outbreaks. Cases that occurred in different regions include Almaty (32.22%), Aktobe (1.59%), Atyrau (4.42%), Mangistau (21.24%), Kyzylorda (40.53%) oblasts. The study showed that a higher percentage of cases were recorded before public health in Kazakhstan began using antibiotics and prophylactic measures against plague (1947-1948). Large outbreaks were found to have occurred in 1926, 1929, 1945, 1947 and 1948, accounting for about 80.7% of human-to-human transmission. Other forms of plague transmission include flea bites, cutting and skinning camels, wild animals, aerosolization, and rodent bites. The study also showed that the age range of patients affected by plague ranged from 0 to 86 years and was divided into two genders, including 49.9% males and 50.1% females, respectively. During the study period, there were bubonic (12.57%), bubonic septicemia (5.84%), bubonic pneumonia (1.06%), pulmonary (72.4%), secondary pneumonia (0.35%), septic (2.83%), cutaneous (0.18%), cutaneous bubonic (0.88%), tonsillar (0.35%), tonsillar bubonic (0.18%) forms and no clinical form (3.36%) data cases. There were cases of plague infection from person to person. The incidence was 0.29 per 10,000 people. The risk of human infection with plague is likely to increase with the expansion of anthropogenic areas in areas where plague foci exist in Kazakhstan. Increased awareness is needed for rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Environmental conditions predetermine innate antioxidants pool in sea oat (Uniola paniculata L.) seeds
Authors: Egesa Andrew Ogolla , Pérez Héctor E. , Begcy Kevin
Published: October 2023

Secondary metabolites such as antioxidants are critical components that protect seeds from stress damage during seed development, desiccation, and ex-situ storage. Antioxidants are essential determinants of seed quality, longevity, and persistence. Understanding the environmental factors that regulate the accumulation, content, and function of antioxidant pools in sea oat seeds is critical for gene banking and understanding the environmental impacts on seed quality. Germination, viability, and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) were analyzed on seeds from 18 sea oat populations from the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts. We first assessed baseline TEAC, followed by TEAC performed on imbibed seeds for 36 hours at 35/25 °C during the day and night, respectively. Then, we analyzed the relationship of the antioxidant pools from these 18 sea oat populations to sampling site environmental classifications. Higher baseline antioxidants were common in regions with extreme environmental conditions corresponding to sea oat populations growing at latitudinal extremes characterized by warmer and colder temperatures. Baseline antioxidants did not correlate with prevailing seed germination. However, higher concentrations of antioxidants following imbibition were associated with poor seed germination in warmer conditions. Our results indicate that climatic conditions and environmental components associated with temperatures and precipitation may largely influence the innate pool of antioxidants in sea oat seeds. Also, a high amount of antioxidants following sea oat seeds imbibition suggest seed damage or poor viability influenced by environmental stress conditions during seed development.
Ionospheric EM tests in solar eclipses days caused abnormal pendulum and gravimeter behavior at very remote scattered sites for many years.
Authors: Iovane Antonio
Published: October 2023

A meticulous study lasting 20 years, aimed at explaining reported mysterious anomalies in pendulum and gravimeter experiments in solar eclipse days, has revealed that the phenomenon was produced by an undisclosed campaign of EM tests by a very remote radio facility. Such anomalies had been reported in mainstream peer reviewed journals as per some cited references, but the articles substantially failed to propose any credible explanation. References have been found suggesting that the source was a facility 10000 Km away from scattered observation sites in Europe, very far apart. We examined experiments from 1999 to 2007.
Literature reports that, in solar eclipse days, some instruments had detected unexplainable anomalies which, despite Newton’s well-established gravity, fueled speculation about possible unknown features of gravity. The tiny temporal resolution of our own observations provided the key to solving the long-standing mystery. It took us 20 years to understand.
For the record, the root of these experiments is in that the French physicist Maurice Allais first reported pendulum anomalies during a solar eclipse in 1954. Referring to that work, NASA wanted to investigate the matter as per the cited reference, and promoted a worldwide test for the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999. We were recruited in July 1999, following our proposal for an unusual experiment (pendulum at rest). The participating stations were 16 as per the cited reference. (NASA has never released any reports). We have since conducted two campaigns of tests with stationary pendulums of our own design, actually detecting anomalies. After years of mystery we understood that their cause was not natural and matched the timing scheme of anomalies observed by others here and there in Europe. We report our results in detail with extensive control data, and a limited number of similar anomalies observed by others, some already published but still not as of artificial origin. In the examined experiments we found abnormal instrumental behaviors (sudden sharp micro-deviations) that obey a precise structure of equally spaced time markers. The timing scheme was always the same in all of said experiments. Subsequent research revealed that the scheme matched the one used by a very distant source of high-power, man-made, controlled radio signals. We conclude that the gravity-oriented instruments tracked by chance a long-lasting campaign of RF-based eclipse experiments.