bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factor Score Regression in the Presence of Correlated Unique Factors
Authors: Hayes Timothy , Usami Satoshi
Published: June 2019

Recently, quantitative researchers have shown increased interest in two-step factor score regression (FSR) approaches to structural model estimation. A particularly promising approach proposed by Croon involves first extracting factor scores for each latent factor in a larger model, then correcting the variance−covariance matrix of the factor scores for bias before using this matrix as input data in a subsequent regression analysis or path model. Although not immediately obvious, Croon’s bias correction formulas are predicated upon the standard assumption of conditionally independent uniquenesses (measurement residuals). To our knowledge, the method’s performance has never been evaluated under conditions in which this assumption is violated. In the present research, we rederive Croon’s formulas for the case of correlated uniqueness and present the results of two Monte Carlo simulations comparing the method’s performance with standard methods when the unique factors were correlated in the population model. In our simulations, our proposed Croon FSR approaches outperformed methods that blindly assumed conditionally independent uniquenesses (e.g., uncorrected FSR, traditional Croon FSR, structural equation modeling [SEM] using standard specification), performed comparably to a correctly specified SEM, and outperformed SEMs that correctly specified the unique factor covariances but misspecified the structural model. We discuss the implications of our results for substantive researchers.
Conditional Longitudinal Relations of Elementary Literacy Skills to High School Reading Comprehension
Authors: Petscher Yaacov , Solari Emily J. , Catts Hugh W.
Published: June 2019

The present study explores the longitudinal development between Grade 3 word level reading skills and higher level semantic skills to Grade 10 reading comprehension for 3,157 students. In particular, this work focused on how the developmental relations varied for subsamples of students who are English learners (EL; N = 308), students identified as specific learning disability (SLD; N = 133), and general education (Gen Ed; N = 2,716) students who have no formal classification or diagnoses. Multiple group structural equation modeling showed that the relation between Grade 3 vocabulary and Grade 10 reading comprehension did not vary across three student subgroups when accounting for Grade 3 fluency and that when controlling for students’ vocabulary, the unique effect of oral reading fluency ranged from a standardized effect of γ = .22 to γ = .39 across the three subgroups. Quantile regression using estimated factor scores revealed heterogeneous relations of component skills to reading comprehension across each subgroup.
Boys don’t cry? Critical phenomenology, self-harm and suicide
Authors: Chandler Amy
Published: June 2019

In this article I argue that critical phenomenology, informed by critical race and intersectional scholarship, offers a useful lens through which to consider suicide and self-harm among men. To illustrate this, I draw on a narrative informed analysis of the accounts of 10 men who had experienced self-harm, read through Sara Ahmed’s queer phenomenology. Two themes are emphasised: gendered, raced, classed bodies that are (unexpectedly) stopped; and bodies that, despite being stopped, still ‘do’ – enacting violence and control against self and other. Critical phenomenology can support much needed examination of the complex ways in which socioeconomic class, race, gender and age structure experiences of distress among different social groups. This approach enables a simultaneous examination of the way that privilege and oppression may shape both the experience of distress, and the way it is responded to – including through violence against the self, and against others.
The Methodological Divide of Sociology: Evidence from Two Decades of Journal Publications
Authors: Schwemmer Carsten , Wieczorek Oliver
Published: June 2019

Past research indicates that Sociology is a low-consensus discipline, where different schools of thought have distinct expectations about suitable scientific practices. This division of Sociology into different subfields is to a large extent related to methodology and choices between qualitative or quantitative research methods. Relying on theoretical constructs of the academic prestige economy, boundary demarcation and taste for research, we examine the methodological divide in generalist Sociology journals. Using automated text analysis for 8737 abstracts of articles published between 1995 and 2017, we discover evidence of this divide, but also of an entanglement between methodological choices and different research topics. Moreover, our results suggest a marginally increasing time trend for the publication of quantitative research in generalist journals. We discuss how this consolidation of methodological practices could enforce the entrenchment of different schools of thought, which ultimately reduces the potential for innovative and effective sociological research.
Differential Sexual Behavior Experiences of LGBQ and Transgender/Nonbinary Young People in Colorado
Authors: Kattari Shanna K. , Atteberry-Ash Brittanie , Eugene Walls N. , Rusow Joshua , Klemmer Cary , Kattari Leonardo
Published: June 2019

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ) youth experience numerous disparities, including but not limited to access to health care, HIV risk, safety in school, educational opportunities, and family support. Historically, research on this community lumped together LGBQ experiences with experiences of transgender and nonbinary (trans/NB) individuals, despite sexual orientation and gender identity being unique identities. Using representative statewide data from the 2015 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey (HKCS) ( N = 15,970), this study examines sexual behaviors through a more nuanced and intersectional lens. We find that young LGBQ and trans/NB people in Colorado have differential experiences of sexual behavior compared with their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Being LGBQ and especially being trans/NB, having current depression, suicidal ideation, and experiencing electronic bullying are all associated with an increase in the likelihood of ever having sex and total number of partners, and lower age of sexual debut. These findings and their implications highlight the importance of inclusive sexuality education and culturally responsive services for all young people.
Using Jones’s Integration Approach to Accommodate Attachment-Based Family Therapy to Christian Treatment of Depression in Adolescence
Authors: Rueger Sandra Yu , Jones Stanton L. , Worthington Everett L.
Published: June 2019

The overarching goal of this article was to practice a faith-integration process focused on an empirically supported, family-based treatment approach for adolescent depression, Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT). First, we describe the ABFT treatment model and evaluate the extant empirical support for its use. Next, using the theological framework by Balswick and Balswick (2007), we investigate a scriptural understanding of healthy family functioning. Finally, we engage in a dialogical process that includes a critical evaluation and constructive modification of ABFT, based on the previous investigation of empirical, theological, and scriptural sources of knowledge. We found that the goals and treatment approach of ABFT are consistent with biblical and theological notions of healthy family functioning, and we suggested two modifications that might enhance services to Christian populations. Thus, we provide specific recommendations for accommodating a particular treatment (ABFT) to Christians, and, at a general level, we encourage Christian mental health providers to engage in their own process of practical integration, such as demonstrated in this article, to inform their clinical use of interventions supported by clinical psychological science.
Dissipative dynamic output feedback control for switched systems via multistep Lyapunov function approach
Authors: Xie Yun , Liu Zhuangyu , Luan Xiaoli , Wen Jiwei
Published: June 2019

The conservatism reduction problem of dissipative dynamic output feedback (DOF) control for a class of average dwell time switched system is investigated via a multistep Lyapunov function (LF) approach. First, a larger dissipative region with guaranteed stability and specifically, smaller [Formula: see text] level can be achieved by increasing a predictive step N, which means the monotonic requirement of LF is relaxed. Then, based on the results of dissipative analysis, a robust dissipative DOF controller is further designed. Unlike the traditional method that introduces equality constraint to obtain numerical testable conditions with heuristic nature, a less conservative controller is designed, where the LF matrix is formulated without structural constraint.
Cautionary Findings for the Presence of Facial Canal Dehiscence During Cholesteatoma Surgery
Authors: Sahin Muammer Melih , Cayonu Melih , Dinc Ayse Secil Kayalı , Boynuegri Suleyman , Barut Fulya Eker , Eryilmaz Adil
Published: June 2019

Our aim was to investigate the relationship between facial canal dehiscence (FCD) and surgical findings and procedures in patients with cholesteatoma. A total of 186 patients (118 males, 39.2 ± 15 years) who underwent surgery for advanced cholesteatoma between 2013 and 2018 were included in the study. The relationship between FCD and surgical findings was investigated via the surgical registries. The prevalence of FCD was 36.6% (68/186). The prevalence of FCD was 44%, and 13.2% for the patients who underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy (62/141) and canal wall up mastoidectomy (6/45), respectively ( P < .001). Facial canal dehiscence was detected in 73.9% of the 23 patients who had a lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) defect ( P < .001), in 61.9% of 21 patients who had a tegmen tympani defect, and in 58.1% of the 31 patients who had erosion on the posterior wall of the external auditory canal (EAC; P < .05). The prevalence of FCD was 3.1% in patients with isolated incus erosion, 59.1% in patients with erosion of malleus and incus, 60.7% in patients with erosion of stapes suprastructure and incus, and 43.2% in patients with whole ossicular chain deformation ( P < .001). The defects on LSCC, EAC, tegmen tympani, and malleus and incus might be cautionary findings for the presence of FCD during cholesteatoma surgery.
Characteristics of Households of People With Diabetes Accessing US Food Pantries: Implications for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
Authors: Wetherill Marianna S. , Williams Mary B. , White Kayla C. , Seligman Hilary K.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between food insecurity (FI) and coping strategies of relevance to diabetes self-management among households of people with diabetes (HHDM) who access US food pantry programs.

Methods

The authors conducted a secondary data analysis of HHDM accessing US food pantry programs from the Hunger in America 2014 study ( n = 16 826). Weighted analyses included descriptive statistics for household sociodemographics, food pantry service utilization, FI, and coping behaviors. The authors used chi-square and logistic regression to estimate the relationship between FI and coping behaviors.

Results

Nearly one-half of HHDM reported visiting food pantries at least 6 times in the past year. Most HHDM were FI, with the majority experiencing the most severe form of FI. Over one-fifth of households reported lacking health insurance. The majority of HHDM reported purchasing inexpensive unhealthy foods to ensure household food adequacy, and many reported watering down food and beverages. The odds of reporting these behaviors significantly increased as FI worsened.

Conclusion

Food pantries represent an opportunity for the delivery of community-based diabetes self-management education and support programs. These programs should be adapted to address population barriers to self-management and to support access to healthful foods and medical care.
Reading a Wave Buoy
Authors: Helmreich Stefan
Published: June 2019

The ocean’s properties and processes are now mostly known through distributed sensor networks. Among the most widespread of such networks are those that connect wave-measuring buoys. Buoys have been deployed and consulted by national meteorological organizations, state militaries, multinational corporations, and citizens. This paper zeroes in on the Directional Waverider, the most widely used buoy, manufactured since 1961 in the Netherlands by Datawell. I am interested in this buoy’s material qualities and networks of use, its life within legal frameworks, and its media ecology. Staging my account against the metaphysical Italian author Italo Calvino’s “Reading a Wave,” I explore what it means to “read” a sensing technology.
The validity of resting energy expenditure predictive equations in adults with central obesity: A sub-sample of the RaNCD cohort study
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Moradi Shima , Hamzeh Behrooz , Najafi Farid , Nachvak Seyed Mostafa , Mostafai Roghayeh , Abdollahzad Hadi , Nelson Michael
Published: June 2019

Background:

There are different equations for estimating Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). However, these equations were mainly developed based on populations of western countries.

Aim:

The present study was conducted to determine the validity of REE predictive equations in adults with central obesity.

Methods:

This study was conducted with 129 adults with central obesity aged 35–65 years, a sub-sample from a large cohort study (Western Iran), Kurdish population. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and REE predictive equations. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation, paired t-test, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), mean squared deviation (MSD), level of agreement (LOA) and Bland-Altman plot.

Results:

All REE predictive equations had low CCC and high LOA. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the REE measured with IC and the REE predicted with the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU), FAO/WHO/UNU (Height), Muller and revised Harris-Benedict equations ( P = 0.874, 0.113, 0.619, 0.143 and P = 0.121), other equations had statistically significant differences with IC ( P<0.001). In addition, the highest correlation was found between the IC (r = 0.682). The least difference was related to the FAO/WHO/UNU equation, with an agreement limit of -507.96 to 500.79 Kcal/day, with a 95% confidence interval.

Conclusions:

The results of this study showed that the FAO/WHO/UNU, Muller, revised Harris-Benedict equations and Mifflin St Jeor equations are relatively acceptable for estimating REE. However, these prediction equations are not good at predicting REE; more precise equations are needed to apply for different ethnic groups.
Application of computer-assisted navigation in mandibular angle osteotomy
Authors: Lin Liqin , Fan Bokai , Yu Zheyuan , Xu Liang , Yuan Jie , Wu Jun , Wei Min
Published: June 2019

Objective

To compare the effectiveness, accuracy, and surgical safety of a navigation technique with those of a traditional technique for intraoperative mandibular angle osteotomy.

Methods

Forty-three postsurgical patients with mandibular angle hypertrophy who were admitted to our Department from June 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these patients, 23 underwent mandibular angle osteotomy using computer-assisted navigation (navigation group), and 20 underwent osteotomy using a traditional technique (traditional group). Postoperative computed tomography images were analyzed by three-dimensional software. Each patient’s facial proportion indices were measured using Mimics 19.0 software, and statistical comparisons and analyses were performed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

The postoperative facial contour morphology and facial proportion were improved in both groups; the navigation group showed greater improvement. The difference between the predicted and postoperative values was smaller in the navigation group than traditional group. The postoperative shape of the mandibular angle sample was similar to the preoperative predicted shape in the navigation group. No complications occurred in the navigation group, but paresthesia occurred in 17% of patients in the traditional group.

Conclusions

Mandibular angle osteotomy aided with computer-assisted navigation is more effective, accurate, and safe than the traditional technique and represents a promising clinical approach.
Restructuring legal geography
Authors: Orzeck Reecia , Hae Laam
Published: June 2019

We argue that legal geography’s ability to produce holistic knowledge about law and legal relations is hampered by the qualified dominance in the field of what we refer to as a contingency orientation. This phrase refers to both the belief that law, legal relations, and legal outcomes are more open and contingent than they appear to be, and to an empirical interest in bringing to light moments when law, legal relations, and legal outcomes appear to depart from dominant representations of these as closed, determinate, aspatial, and wholly formal. Because holistic accounts of the social world require attention to both agency and structure, both contingency and determination, we call for a stream of scholarship within legal geography the purpose of which is to give more explicit and concerted attention to structure and determination than there has heretofore been in the field, and to produce research-based theoretical knowledge that can thus improve the holism of our collective understanding of the law.
Stochastic Analysis of Rolling Resistance Energy Dissipation for a Tractor-Trailer Model
Authors: Kang Seunggu , Ozer Hasan , Al-Qadi Imad L. , Spencer Billie F.
Published: June 2019

Rolling resistance because of road roughness is often the largest contributor to energy consumption in the environmental assessment of pavement life cycle. Although fuel consumption of passenger vehicles caused by roadway roughness is well studied, further research is needed for truck fuel consumption models utilizing mechanistic approaches. Existing models estimating trucks’ excess fuel consumption because of rolling resistance are based on empirical models or simplified mechanistic models such as the quarter car model. Such approaches may not fully capture the complex dynamic motion of a tractor-trailer. This study suggests a stochastic method utilizing the analytical solution based on a tractor-trailer model to calculate excess truck fuel consumption because of roughness and speed. The illustrative examples show that excess truck fuel consumption tends to increase nonlinearly with roughness; fuel consumption increases with speed but drops after 104 km/h (65 mph) because of a rapid increase in aerodynamic drag at very high speeds. The effect of new generation wide-base tires (NG-WBT) in lieu of the standard dual tire assembly was studied using the introduced model. Results indicate that NG-WBT reduced excess fuel consumption because of roughness by 11% and 8% at 56 km/h and 80 km/h (35 mph and 50 mph), respectively. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation was conducted at two speeds and the simulation results were in agreement with the analytical solution. The results from the developed model and the validation using illustrative examples confirm the impact of roughness and speed on truck fuel consumption in a quantitative manner.
New Procedure to Evaluate the Post-Crack Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Hansen Bryce , Barman Manik
Published: June 2019

This study attempted to identify the challenges in testing and characterization of the post-crack behavior of structural fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) for use in pavements. The benefits and challenges associated with three different FRC testing methods, ASTM C1550, C1399, and C1609 were discussed and compared. Two new parameters, post-crack toughness, and post-crack performance (PCP) index were proposed to characterize the post-crack behavior of FRC. These parameters are a function of the fibers’ contribution and are minimally influenced by the properties of the non-fiber ingredients of concrete such as aggregates, cement, and water. A laboratory study conducted on 10 different types of FRCs validated the applicability of the two proposed new parameters. Transportation agencies can use the PCP index to shortlist effective fibers and post-crack toughness to determine fiber dosage. The study found that fibers with irregular cross-section or geometry and high lateral stiffness provide a high post-crack contribution.
Pedestrian Injury Severity vs. Vehicle Impact Speed: Uncertainty Quantification and Calibration to Local Conditions
Authors: Davis Gary A. , Cheong Christopher
Published: June 2019

This paper describes a method for fitting predictive models that relate vehicle impact speeds to pedestrian injuries, in which results from a national sample are calibrated to reflect local injury statistics. Three methodological issues identified in the literature, outcome-based sampling, uncertainty regarding estimated impact speeds, and uncertainty quantification, are addressed by (i) implementing Bayesian inference using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and (ii) applying multiple imputation to conditional maximum likelihood estimation. The methods are illustrated using crash data from the NHTSA Pedestrian Crash Data Study coupled with an exogenous sample of pedestrian crashes from Minnesota’s Twin Cities. The two approaches produced similar results and, given a reliable characterization of impact speed uncertainty, either approach can be applied in a jurisdiction having an exogenous sample of pedestrian crash severities.
Substantial Biomechanical Improvement by Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy After Surgical Repair of Rodent Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Feichtinger Xaver , Monforte Xavier , Keibl Claudia , Hercher David , Schanda Jakob , Teuschl Andreas H. , Muschitz Christian , Redl Heinz , Fialka Christian , Mittermayr Rainer
Published: June 2019

Background:

Characteristics of chronic rotator cuff tears include continuous loss of tendon structure as well as tendon elasticity, followed by a high failure rate after surgical reconstruction. Several studies have already shown the beneficial effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on tissue regeneration in tendon pathologies.

Hypothesis:

ESWT improves biomechanical tendon properties as well as functional shoulder outcomes in chronic rotator cuff reconstruction in rodents.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

After tendon detachment and 3 weeks of degeneration, a subsequent transosseous reattachment of the supraspinatus tendon was performed in 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 16 per group). Rodents were randomly assigned to 3 study groups: no ESWT/control group, intraoperative ESWT (IntraESWT), and intra- and postoperative ESWT (IntraPostESWT). Shoulder joint function, as determined by gait analysis, was assessed repeatedly during the observation period. Eight weeks after tendon reconstruction, the rats were euthanized, and biomechanical and gene expression analyses were performed.

Results:

Macroscopically, all repairs were intact at the time of euthanasia, with no ruptures detectable. Biomechanical analyses showed significantly improved load-to-failure testing results in both ESWT groups in comparison with the control group (control, 0.629; IntraESWT, 1.102; IntraPostESWT, 0.924; IntraESWT vs control, P≤ .001; IntraPostESWT vs control, P≤ .05). Furthermore, functional gait analyses showed a significant enhancement in intensity measurements for the IntraPostESWT group in comparison with the control group ( P≤ .05). Gene expression analysis revealed no significant differences among the 3 groups.

Conclusion:

Clearly improved biomechanical results were shown in the single-application and repetitive ESWT groups. Furthermore, functional evaluation showed significantly improved intensity measurements for the repetitive ESWT group.

Clinical Relevance:

This study underpins a new additional treatment possibility to prevent healing failure. Improved biomechanical stability and functionality may enable faster remobilization as well as an accelerated return to work and sports activities. Furthermore, as shockwave therapy is a noninvasive, easy-to-perform, cost-effective treatment tool with no undesired side effects, this study is of high clinical relevance in orthopaedic surgery. Based on these study results, a clinical study has already been initiated to clinically confirm the improved functionality by ESWT.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Place of Death Among Patients Receiving Home Palliative Care in Toronto, Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wales Joshua , Kalia Sumeet , Moineddin Rahim , Husain Amna
Published: June 2019

Background:

Socioeconomic disparities in home death have been noted in the literature. Home-based palliative care increases access to home death and has been suggested as a means to decrease these disparities.

Aim:

Our study examines the association between socioeconomic status and other demographic factors on place of death in a population receiving home palliative care in Toronto, Canada.

Design:

This is a retrospective chart review of patients who died between August 2013 and August 2015 when admitted to a home-based palliative care service. Multivariate multinomial regression examined the relationship between the place of death (home, palliative care unit [PCU], or acute care) with age, gender, primary diagnosis, and income quintile. Bivariate logistic regression was fitted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and probability of preference for home death.

Setting/Participants:

Patients receiving home-based palliative care services from the Latner Centre for Palliative Care in Toronto, Canada.

Results:

A total of 2066 patients were included in multivariate analysis. Patients in the lowest income quintile had increased odds of dying in acute care (OR = 2.41, P < .001) or dying in PCU (OR = 1.64, P = .008) than patients in highest income quintile. Patients in the next lowest income quintiles 2 and 3 were also more likely to die in acute care. The rate of preference for home death was significantly lower in the lowest income quintile (OR = 0.47, P = .0047).

Conclusions:

Patients in lower income quintiles are less likely to die at home, despite receiving home-based palliative care, although they may also be less likely to prefer home death.
Current Trends in Research on Human Milk Exchange for Infant Feeding
Authors: Palmquist Aunchalee E. L. , Perrin Maryanne T. , Cassar-Uhl Diana , Gribble Karleen D. , Bond Angela B. , Cassidy Tanya
Published: June 2019

Breastfeeding is critical for the healthy growth and development of infants. A diverse range of infant-feeding methods are used around the world today. Many methods involve feeding infants with expressed human milk obtained through human milk exchange. Human milk exchange includes human milk banking, human milk sharing, and markets in which human milk may be purchased or sold by individuals or commercial entities. In this review, we examine peer-reviewed scholarly literature pertaining to human milk exchange in the social sciences and basic human milk sciences. We also examine current position and policy statements for human milk sharing. Our review highlights areas in need of future research. This review is a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and others who provide evidence-based care to families about infant feeding.
Breastfeeding Support Interventions by International Board Certified Lactation Consultants: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chetwynd Ellen M. , Wasser Heather M. , Poole Charles
Published: June 2019

Background:

International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLC) are healthcare professionals who are highly trained in lactation science; however, little is known about the efficacy of IBCLC-specific support on breastfeeding outcomes.

Research aims:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe interventions containing direct support by IBCLCs during the postpartum period and to analyze the association between study characteristics and the prevalence breastfeeding outcomes.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 2001 and December 2018. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed on studies containing breastfeeding prevalence data at 3 or 6 months postpartum.

Results:

Seventeen interventions met all inclusion and exclusion criteria and eight research teams reported the prevalence of any or exclusive breastfeeding at 3 and/or 6 months. For any breastfeeding at 6 months, the pooled difference was 0.08 [0.04, 0.12] meaning we’d expect to observe 1 additional case of any breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum for every 12 women who received an IBCLC intervention, 95% CI [8, 25] rather than control conditions. Results differed depending on which outcome variable was used to measure breastfeeding and the timing of that measurement.

Conclusions:

Breastfeeding interventions that include IBCLC support in the postpartum period have potential for improving breastfeeding outcomes; however, when designing interventions, the timing and method of data collection for measures of breastfeeding are instrumental to study sensitivity and need to be based on the aims of the intervention itself.
Toward Consistency: Updating Lactation and Breastfeeding Terminology for Population Health Research
Authors: Yourkavitch Jennifer , Chetwynd Ellen M.
Published: June 2019

There has, historically, been a lack of consistency in the use and definition of terms and their associated measurement in breastfeeding research. The purpose of this paper is to promote consistency through a taxonomy and lexicon for population-based breastfeeding research with the modern nursing dyad. The taxonomy organizes concepts in categories related to research on feeding human milk to infants, noting the perspective from the provider of human milk (parent or alloparent) and the receiver of human milk (child). The taxonomy includes these categories: psychology, physiology, behavior, and modality. The intensity of behaviors and modalities can be characterized qualitatively or quantitatively. Other terms are introduced or defined for the modern era and measurement standards are posed. These suggestions invite discussion and debate, in an effort to move researchers toward consistent measurement, documentation, and presentation, to build a credible evidence base for breastfeeding and practices related to the provision and consumption of human milk.
Effectiveness of the IBCLC: Have we Made an Impact on the Care of Breastfeeding Families Over the Past Decade?
Authors: Haase Barbara , Brennan Emily , Wagner Carol L.
Published: June 2019

Background:

International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) have been in existence for over 3 decades, are currently represented in 110 countries, and have the only internationally recognized certification to provide safe and evidenced-based care for breastfeeding women and their infants.

Research aim:

To review the literature about the efficacy of IBCLCs on breastfeeding outcomes as well as studies that have examined the effectiveness of the IBCLC’s role.

Methods:

The design was a scoping review of the literature and critical analysis using PRISMA guidelines of existing studies published from 2008–2019. Qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed.

Results:

Twelve ( N =12) studies met inclusion criteria. Seven themes emerged in the analysis including studies of the role of IBCLCs in resident physician education; IBCLC’s role in breastfeeding interventions and the management of breastfeeding problems; the impact of IBCLCs in inpatient and outpatient settings; and the impact of geographic access to IBCLCs on breastfeeding rates. Certification of and ongoing professional development of IBCLCs are also discussed.

Conclusion:

In this scoping review of existing literature assessing the effectiveness of IBCLCs in promoting and supporting breastfeeding, it is clear that IBCLCs play a positive role in supporting breastfeeding throughout the world. However, there are certain limitations that must be addressed. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice are discussed in the context of present limitations to breastfeeding expertise and support.
The Role of Sexual Disinhibition to Predict Caregiver Burden and Desire to Institutionalize Among Family Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Chapman Kimberly R. , Tremont Geoffrey , Malloy Paul , Spitznagel Mary Beth
Published: June 2019

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia are associated with greater caregiver burden and desire to institutionalize, though previous work largely examines the cumulative effects of many behavioral symptoms. Sexual disinhibition could be particularly stressful due to stigma attached to these behaviors. Links between care recipient sexual disinhibition, caregiver burden, and caregiver desire to institutionalize were examined by analyzing cross-sectional data from 730 family caregivers recruited online. Caregiver burden, caregiver desire to institutionalize, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, including sexual disinhibition, were assessed via caregiver report. Burden (P < .001) and desire to institutionalize ( P = .008) were greater among caregivers who endorsed sexual disinhibition. Sexual disinhibition uniquely predicted desire to institutionalize after accounting for presence ( P = .02) and severity ( P = .03) of other neuropsychiatric symptoms. A similar pattern was seen for burden (presence P < .04; severity P = .06), and follow-up analyses revealed caregiver burden mediated the relationship between care recipient sexual disinhibition and caregiver desire to institutionalize (presence bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals [BCa 95% CI] [0.003, 0.08], severity BCa 95% CI [0.007, 0.06]). Sexual disinhibition appears to be a particularly difficult neuropsychiatric symptom for the family caregiver, contributing to desire to institutionalize via caregiver burden.
Nonpharmacological Interventions to Improve Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life (QoL) in People With Dementia: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Kishita Naoko , Backhouse Tamara , Mioshi Eneida
Published: June 2019

This overview aimed to systematically synthesize evidence from existing systematic reviews to signpost practitioners to the current evidence base on nonpharmacological interventions to improve depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia and to discuss priorities for future research. The databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in August 2017 with an updated search in January 2019. Fourteen systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological interventions were identified. Dementia stage was rated moderate or severe in the majority of the reviews and type of dementia varied. Interventions reported to be effective were cognitive stimulation (QoL: standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.38), music-based therapeutic interventions (depression: SMD = −0.27, anxiety: SMD = −0.43, QoL: SMD = 0.32), and psychological treatments (mainly cognitive behavior therapy; depression: SMD = −0.22, anxiety: MD = −4.57). Although health-care professionals are recommended to continue using these approaches, future research needs to focus on the type and form of interventions that are most effective for different stages and types of dementia.
Thoughts About Social Justice
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline
Published: June 2019

This is the second of two essays addressing equity and social justice, which are interrelated concepts of considerable interest to members of our discipline. The purpose of this essay is to define social justice within the context of the conceptual model of nursing and health policy and to link social justice with equity in population health and with practice. An essay about equity appeared in a previous issue of Nursing Science Quarterly.
Compassionate Knowing: Building a Concept Grounded in Watson’s Theory of Caring Science
Authors: Constantinides Shannon M.
Published: June 2019

Compassionate knowing is the practice of intentional presence to relieve suffering. Inspired by Carper’s patterns of knowing, it is an additional form of knowing grounded in caring science. Likewise, the concept of compassionate knowing is framed by tenets of Buddhist philosophy and George’s emancipatory theory of compassion. Intentional presence is defined as a conscious and altruistic choice, born of moral virtue and selflessness, to act in a thoughtful, empathetic, and humanistic way that honors and gives meaning to the uniqueness of each patient and caring-healing nurse-client interaction. Relieving suffering is defined as the nurse responding to the needs of the patient with loving-kindness to alleviate a perceived or real threat to self-integrity.
Children’s Pain, Fear, and Anxiety During Invasive Procedures
Authors: Çelikol Şenay , Tural Büyük Esra , Yıldızlar Osman
Published: June 2019

This study was conducted to find out the effects of different means of games used during pediatric blood draw on the levels of procedure-induced fear and anxiety. Patient descriptive information form and selected scales were completed for both the experimental and control group before the blood drawing procedure. During the blood draw procedure, the children in the experimental group listened to music and watched video games. Following the blood draw procedure, the children were given the Fear of Medical Procedure Scale and State Anxiety Inventory for a second time. The results of the study showed that differences between pre- and postprocedure average total scores of Fear of Medical Procedure Scale were statistically significant for all groups ( p < .05). As a conclusion, it was found that making children listen to music or watch a video during blood draw was effective in decreasing their medical procedure fear levels and state anxiety.
Amazing Mystery
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: June 2019

Mystery, one of the four postulates of the humanbecoming paradigm, is the focus of this article. The muteness, the transformative power, and the everyday-ness of mystery are discussed. How mystery permeates the three principles of humanbecoming is also explored.
Open or Conventional Access: Integrity in the Process
Authors: Clarke Pamela N.
Published: June 2019

A wave of new publishing options has opened for nursing. This dialogue examines factors, such as quality and cost, that may influence new authors. There are numerous options for young scientists with many new journal titles and promises of a quick review and guaranteed publication. Choices between Open Access and conventional journals can be difficult since higher cost to the author does not correlate with higher quality.
Predatory Publishing in Nursing
Authors: Milton Constance L.
Published: June 2019

Predatory publishing is a contemporary term that refers to dubious open access publishing where there are questionable practices of marketing, business, and alteration of peer-review publishers’ practices. This article begins a straight-thinking discussion with recommendations intended to inform present and future scholars of the discipline of nursing of these alarming developments in the publishing arena.
Bringing Nursing Care to Patients Living With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Carroll Karen
Published: June 2019

The author in this article focuses on exploring a brief historical background of the diagnosis labeled diabetes mellitus and honoring persons who seek nursing care through incorporating Orem’s self-care deficit theory. The author highlights utilizing a nursing theoretical framework as an important takeaway to enhance congruence among theory, research, practice, and education. This propels the discipline’s meaning and interdisciplinary contributions to persons living with this diagnosis.
The Nature of Truth: The Need for Peer Review
Authors: Florczak Kristine L.
Published: June 2019

The necessity of having peer review is the subject of this column. To that end, the nature of truth, standards by which quantitative and qualitative research studies are judged, and predatory publishing are considered along with an example of the adverse impact of scientific misconduct. Finally, a call for more intense peer review is put forth.
Unitariology and the Changing Frontiers of the Science of Unitary Human Beings
Authors: Phillips John R.
Published: June 2019

The evolution of Rogers’ use of the word unitary and the changing frontiers of her science are discussed. The author shows how Rogers’ science illuminates issues in nursing such as nursing as a basic or applied science, health as wellbecoming, and proposed changes in nursing education and research. The process of the creation of the pandimensional awareness-integral presence theory is presented.
Apoptosis-promoting and migration-suppressing effect of alantolactone on gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901 via regulating p38MAPK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: He Y , Cao X , Kong Y , Wang S , Xia Y , Bi R , Liu J
Published: June 2019

Background:

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence rate and mortality rate.

Purpose:

In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, on gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901.

Methods:

BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concentrations of alantolactone, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, invasion assay, colony forming assay, quantative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the anticancer activity of alantolactone to gastric cancer.

Results:

Alantolactone induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by regulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and p53, which related to intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and suppressed colony formation, migration, and invasion by mediating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9. Cell signaling pathway analysis showed that alantolactone enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and decreased the translocation of nucleus p65, suggesting that the apoptosis-promoting and migration-suppressing effect of alantolactone might at least partially rely on regulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.

Conclusions:

Alantolactone can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treating gastric cancer.
Adaptive lasso for the Cox regression with interval censored and possibly left truncated data
Authors: Li Chenxi , Pak Daewoo , Todem David
Published: June 2019

We propose a penalized variable selection method for the Cox proportional hazards model with interval censored data. It conducts a penalized nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation with an adaptive lasso penalty, which can be implemented through a penalized EM algorithm. The method is proven to enjoy the desirable oracle property. We also extend the method to left truncated and interval censored data. Our simulation studies show that the method possesses the oracle property in samples of modest sizes and outperforms available existing approaches in many of the operating characteristics. An application to a dental caries data set illustrates the method's utility.
Development and characterization of 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane-based benzoxazine and cyanate ester hybrid polymer matrices: Thermal and morphological properties
Authors: Chozhan C Karikal , Chandramohan A , Alagar M
Published: June 2019

1,1-Bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane-based benzoxazine monomer and 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-cyanatophenyl)cyclohexane were blended together via in situ polymerization. The chemical blending of benzoxazines with cyanate ester was carried out thermally and the resulting product was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The benzoxazine–cyanate ester hybrid polymer matrices were investigated for their thermal and morphological properties. The glass transition temperature, curing behavior, thermal stability, char yield, and flame resistance of the hybrid polymer matrices were studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis.
Experimental determination and modelling of the mechanical properties of hybrid abaca-reinforced polymer composite using RSM
Authors: Sinha Agnivesh Kumar , Bhattacharya Somnath , Narang Harendra Kumar
Published: June 2019

Hybrid natural fibre polymer composites have attracted attention of research community owing to their better mechanical properties as compared to conventional materials. Besides being inexpensive, natural fibres are eco-friendly in nature. In past literature, abaca has shown tremendous potential for its suitability in structural applications. Present work deals with mechanical characterization and modelling of hybrid abaca epoxy composites with red mud as filler. Hybrid composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique. Experiments were designed based on full factorial method having three control parameters, namely weight percentage of abaca (2.6, 5.26 and 7.9 wt%), weight percentage of red mud (4, 8 and 12 wt%) and particle size of red mud (68, 82 and 98 µm). Flexural and impact strength of composites were evaluated. Mathematical models for flexural and impact strength of hybrid abaca composites were developed using response surface method. Developed models for mechanical properties of composite were analysed using analysis of variance to recognize the significance of control parameters or input variables on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. Moreover, interaction effects of input variables on flexural and impact strength of hybrid composites were also investigated. Developed model also enables us to predict mechanical properties of hybrid composites.
Simple Rules, Templates, and Heuristics! An Attempt to Deconstruct the Craft of Writing an Entrepreneurship Paper
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Wiklund Johan
Published: June 2019

Although there are a number of excellent suggestions from editors on how to conduct, structure, and publish research in general, we thought it would be useful to offer some guidance from an entrepreneurship perspective. Writing this paper allowed us to reflect on our work as authors, reviewers, and editors to offer some advice in the form of simple rules for conducting entrepreneurship research, templates for structuring entrepreneurship research, and heuristics for writing entrepreneurship research. While not exhaustive, we have focused on the “rules of thumb” that have served us well and we hope that others find them useful.
Reaching the “Hard-to-Reach”: Recruitment of Rural-Dwelling Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Thurman Whitney A. , Harrison Tracie C.
Published: June 2019

Introduction: There are 46 million individuals living in rural America that require unique consideration for rural health research. Recruitment of research participants from disparity groups can be difficult as these groups can be hard-to-reach. In particular, strategies for reaching rural-dwelling Americans with disabilities are not well-documented. Furthermore, researchers sometimes underestimate the time and effort needed to recruit participants from hard-to-reach populations. The purpose of this article is to report the methods used to recruit 12 rural-dwelling adults with disabilities into a qualitative study. Method: The recruitment strategies discussed in this article were used in a grounded theory study. Results: Fifty percent of the sample in this study was recruited via a community gatekeeper, 33% responded to a classified advertisement, and 17% were recruited via the researchers’ professional networks. Discussion: Lessons learned yield insights as to effective recruitment methods for rural dwellers as well as other hard-to-reach populations.