bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo do Relacionamento entre as Capacidades de Absorção e de Inovação em PME's
Authors: Manthey Nilvane Boehm , Rossetto Carlos Ricardo , Cancellier Everton Luis Pellizzaro de Lorenzi , Carvalho Carlos Eduardo , Sausen Jorge Oneide
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação da capacidade de absorção com a capacidade de inovação de PME's do setor industrial. Quanto a metodologia, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva-explicativa, e quanto aos meios de investigação a pesquisa é de campo, cuja etapa ocorreu com procedimentos de coleta de dados quantitativos por intermédio da aplicação de survey de amostra, de caráter transversal. Constituiu-se categorias descritivas iniciais, resgatadas de conceitos à partir da plataforma teórica da investigação sobre capacidade de absorção de conhecimento e capacidade de inovação. Desenvolveu-se a análise descritiva, prosseguindo com análises estatísticas multivariadas (modelagem de equações estruturais) utilizando-se o modelo Partial Least Squares Path Modeling – PLS-PM, com o uso do software Smart PLS® 2.0. Os testes de hipóteses revelam que a capacidade de absorção e, de forma relevante, a transformação de conhecimento, exerce efeito positivo na capacidade de inovação. As limitações do estudo derivam do desenvolvimento do modelo à partir de dados de corte transversal e não longitudinal baseando-se a análise ao período deste recorte e da delimitação da população de pesquisa onde os resultados são pertinentes às pequenas e médias empresas da indústria têxtil , ensejando oportunidades de pesquisas futuras, como abordagem longitudinal e a ampliação da população de pesquisa para outros setores.
Regulation of broking activities based on assessment of its risks
Authors:   HSE University, Biktashev Ainur
Published: March 2022

Risk-oriented regulation of brokers is considered in the article. Its implementation helps to improve the quality of regulation and the development of the economy. Risk-based regulation of brokers in theory and practice faces the problem of a lack of indicators and risk assessment system. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to develop proposals for assessing the risks of brokers in regulation. The theoretical substantiation of the study is the approaches of smart and risk-oriented regulation. The method of comparative analysis, methods of description and interpretation, statistical analysis were used. The article identifies risk factors and their indicators based on the analysis of research, foreign and Russian regulatory experience. These indicators are divided into dynamic and constant. The study verifies, using binary logistic regressions, the actual impact of the developed indicators on the work of brokers. Thresholds are defined for dynamic metrics. Exceeding the threshold value indicates an increase in the risks of the broker’s activities. The paper establishes significant indicators and develops a broker risk assessment model. The analysis revealed that some of the current standards do not affect the risks of brokers. Indicators and methods for calculating brokers’ risks can be used by regulators, and the methodology for their development can be applied in other areas.
The concept of minimization of transaction costs of functioning of the dual market of agricultural lands
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Fedyunina Elena , Oganesyan Liliya ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University
Published: March 2022

This article provides the concept of minimizing transaction expenses for farmland market functioning, based on principles for minimizing transaction expenses on the property rights market developed by R. Coase, O. Williamson, D. North, J. Hodgson, E. Furubotn, original provisions on the dual structure of Russian agricultural land market with full and limited property rights transactions. The comparative institutional analysis of the dual market, transactors of various property types and transaction expense types demonstrates that three stages of full and limited property rights market transaction are characterized by high permanent transaction expenses related to providing data on property rights transaction, negotiations, preparing and signing contracts, as well as formal regulations. Due to high rates of transaction formalization, the full property rights market demonstrates higher expenses than the limited rights market, where expenses for long-term contractual relations are caused mainly by subjective factors and informal restrictions. The amount of expenses is unevenly distributed between transactors depending on land ownership type and form: expenses for state and municipal lands transaction, as well as for shared land ownership, are higher compared to transaction of private property rights. Some high transaction expenses are permanent and establish property rights specification and value, possible to be minimized only with time by amending legal standards and regulations in order to improve market transaction terms. Other expenses are established independently by transactors during the market exchange and can be minimized through indirect regulators changing behavioral aspects of market participants and direct regulators aimed at developing institutional and infrastructural market elements to enhance more effective usage of land resources and improve adaptive efficiency and flexibility of farmland market.
The epistolary legacy of Russian writers as a source for the study of neology in the second half of the 19th century
Authors:   Pacific State University, Zakharova Yuliya G.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the evolutionary processes in Russian language during the second half of the 19th century on the basis of letters written by Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Leskov, and Chekhov. The signs are examined, which helps to determine the neological status of the lexemes. Special attention is paid to the metalanguage reflection as it provides information about a new word. Neologisms include both linguistic and speech units: Russian lexical neologisms, potential, occasional, borrowed vocabulary, and semantic derivatives. The content of the term potential words in relation to diachrony is specified: their main properties are the ability to eliminate lacunes in vocabulary, the nominative function, correspondence to linguistic word-formation types and the usual character of motivational connections. It is concluded that when determining the occasional status of a lexeme, it is necessary to take into account not only the violation of the laws of word formation, but the underivability of meaning from the wordformation model. An important feature of a number of occasionalisms from the period studied is the reflection of general linguistic trends in them. Borrowed vocabulary is considered in the aspect of phonetic, graphical, morphological, derivational and semantic adaptation in the Russian language. The article also analyzes various types of semantic derivational processes in Russian and foreign vocabulary: figurative, hyper-hyponymic, deviation, and connotative.
The name of a comedy film in the aspect of linguistic creativity
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kulidzhanyan Syuzanna S.
Published: March 2022

The article aims to identify the specific features for forming the name of a comedy film from the point of view of linguistic creativity. The research is based on 30 British comedy films, which were released between the 1960s and 2010s. Five highly rated films were selected from each decade. The developed algorithm for analysis includes several steps which makes it possible to sequentially study the following aspects, in terms of linguistic creativity, that are critical for specific features in the formation of comedy films’ names: 1) source of the name, 2) structure of the name and 3) correlation between the name and the whole verbal structure of a comedy film. It was found that the degree of structurally semantic modifications of a film name’s initial source presupposes a film name’s creative potential. The influence of comedy film names’ creative potential on the choice of certain expressive means for constructing and developing the plot line of a comedy film was also determined. Data obtained in the study indicates that a film name can produce a certain multitude of verbal components, which are pivotal to the whole language structure of a comedy film. Moreover, the quantity of verbal components, ‘produced’ by a comedy film name, allows one to judge its linguo-creative possibilities.
The evolution of terms in Russian journalism: From vedomosti to media
Authors:   Volgograd State Social and Pedagogical University, Suprun Vasilii I.
Published: March 2022

The author of this article considers some aspects of the functioning of terms denoting various mass media, historical aspects of their origin and semantic transformation in the Russian language, languages-sources of borrowing. The history of the terms gazeta, zhurnal, kuranty, vedomosti, radio, kinozhurnal and televidenie, internet is considered in detail. The first Russian periodical was “Vesti-Kuranty” or “Vestovye Pisma”, as it is conventionally referred to in research, a handwritten newspaper published since 1600 (regularly — since 1621). Since the beginning of the 18th century, printed “Vedomosti about Military and Other Matters Worthy of Knowledge and Memory” have been published. Soon the word gazeta was borrowed from the Italian language, which was first found in the papers of Peter I for 1707, but its spread in the Russian language was probably influenced by Prince Boris Ivanovich Kurakin, who spoke Italian well and used this term in his papers. The word gazeta was popular in many European languages, it was regularly included in the gemeronyms. The word zhurnal was borrowed from the French language to refer to time-based book publications. In the Russian language, the lexemes almanac, vedomosti, bulletin, tabloid are also used to refer to periodicals, scientific periodicals and non-periodical publications including words with a gemeronymic meaning: uchyonie zapiski, trudy, chteniia, materialy, kommentarii, akty, memuary, etc. Radio and television also joined the mass media system, and at the end of the 20th century, the Internet. The existence of the terms SMI and media in modern usage is noted, the latter’s frequency of usage is actively increasing. There is a derivational explosion of almost limitless new formations from this term. The term SMI also continues to exist in the Russian language, fitting into the composition of abbreviations and having a transparent semantic content with the full use of the abbreviation.
Mediatization of medical discourse: Modes, attributes and risks
Authors:   Сomenius University in Bratislava, Kozharnovich Maryna P.
Published: March 2022

In the context of the broad mediatization of public life, medical discourse finds its realization not only in scientific, professional, sphere but also in the media space. The mediatization of scientific knowledge contributes to its popularization, the dissemination of reliable professional information, an improvement in the quality of the information space and, as a result, an increase in the medical literacy of the mass addressee. However, at the same time, the mediatization of medical discourse carries the risk of spreading some destructive social practices. The auhtor of this article summarizes the main theoretical aspects of communication in the context of global informatization of the communicative space. Special attention is paid to the concept of mediatization and its theoretical understanding in modern linguistic works. Two main ways of implementing medical discourse in the media space are considered: through the inclusion of a professional from the field of medicine into the media and through the media implementation of a professional medical text. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the attributes of mediatization of a professional medical text in the space of mass communication, to characterize the level of symmetrization in the presentation of medical material by means of media language and ways of perceiving a media-medical text by the addressee. The study was carried out within the framework of the discursive-interaction approach to the analysis of media communication. Texts from Slovak media resources were used as empirical material. Based on the linguistic analysis of the medical text in its media implementation, it can be concluded that there is significant content and linguistic transformation of scientific discourse in the media space. This is due to the mediatization of the medical text, when the personal function comes to the fore, and the information is presented in a manner of advertising. The wide informatization of the communicative space allows the addressee (heterogeneous in their knowledge, experience, ideas, goals) to directly participate in the subsequent interpretation of the text, which leads to the active participation of the layperson in the process of forming the information space. As a result, the choice and dissemination of often destructive social practices is directly affected.
ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION OF CIVIC PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: "GOVERNMENT AS A PLATFORM" IN LATIN AMERICA
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Neverov Kirill
Published: March 2022

This article examines "government as a platform" as based on civic participation in the context of digitalization of public administration in developing countries, concretely for the example of Latin American countries. The main thesis of the study is the following: the institution of participation is the basis for constructing "government as a platform" due to deep foundations of Web 3.0 technology, which encourage participation and have a collaborative nature. The author focuses on factors for classifying countries “developing.” These factors are both positive and negative: level of urbanization, Internet penetration, and globalization are positive factors, while the economic factor, political factor, level of corruption, and existing political culture are negative. Latin American countrieswere selected as empirical cases as falling under the criteria as developing countries, and as a region in which one can find both highly developed countries in terms of digitalization and lagging behind in terms of applying digital technologies to public administration and public policy. The author concludes that “government as a platform,” the design of which is based on civic participation, is attractive for developing countries of Latin America because it can help overcome such problems as corruption and social and political exclusion, can increase the level of democratization, and can make political culture more civil and proactive.
POLITICAL PREFERENCES OF LEADERS AT THE MUNICIPAL LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT (THE CASE OF THE MOSCOW CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Khachaturova Stella
Published: March 2022

This study analyzes the personal characteristics of municipal leaders in the context of upcoming elections in 2022. The empirical basis of the study was in-depth interviews with heads of municipal districts and a survey of 203 municipal deputies of the Central Administrative District of Moscow regarding their political expectations during the election campaign in 2021. The author proceeds from the understanding of municipal leadership as a political phenomenon. The theoretical basis for this interpretation is modern concepts of political leadership, which pay special attention to personal characteristics of leaders and the concept of local self-government. The result of the study was, first, a conceptual and methodological model for analyzing the personality of leaders at the municipal level of power, within which the key is to determine the main characteristics of representatives of this professional community and their personal characteristics. In addition, the process of collecting empirical data developed guides for in-depth interviews that have universality and applicability beyond Moscow. Data allowed us to propose a classification of municipal deputies according to their political preferences, developed using the methods of distant and contact diagnostics of the personality of municipal leaders.
In search of identity: The university museum as a research question (1960s–2020)
Authors:   HSE University, Ilina Kira A.
Published: March 2022

The article focuses on the reconstruction of the research understanding of the “university museum” concept. University museums originated at the end of the 17th century as rooms for teaching students. Over time, university museums were eventually opened to the public and included in the missionary activities of a university. They also began to serve as an intermediary between the closed university and the community. The museums became “a shop window for universities, a source of prestige and pride which contributes to the quality of life within a university”. For 50 years researchers have been discussing the uniqueness of university museums and the problems they face. The close connection with the academic sphere, direct access to the knowledge and skills of scientists, the traditions of scientific schools, research and publications, makes university museums unique in comparison to other museums. One of the important problems is the correlation between university and public in university museums. It includes the distinction between university and public museums, the professionalization of university museum staff, attracting visitors and sponsors, and the degree of dependence of the exhibition policy of university museums on society and the state. The theoretical understanding of the problems of university museums has provoked the organization of national and international associations dedicated to solving practical issues and popularizing university collections.
Visual image of the Mongols in the Battle of Legnica in visual monuments of the 14th–15th centuries
Authors:   Community “Mongols and Rus”, Shishka Evgeniy A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2022

The Western campaign of the Mongols in Eastern and Central Europe in 1236–1242, led by Batu and the military commander Subedei, has long been imprinted in the memory of contemporaries and descendants. The central place in the historical literary and visual monuments of the Late Middle Ages was occupied by the Battle of Legnica — a battle between the Polish-German army and the Mongols on April 9, 1241. This article examines the image of the Mongols in book min-iatures of the Shlakenwerter Codex, presented in the Getty Museum (USA), on an altar painting created in the 30–40s. The 15th century is currently in the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw and in the images of the Freytag Codex, stored in the collections of the library of the University of Wroclaw (Poland). The author notes the preserved interest of Europeans in the Gentiles and in the events of the past centuries. The corpus of ethnic markers used by European artists to designate “strangers” is highlighted. Also, an association is made between the creation of images with Mongols in regard to the invasions of Tatar and Hussite troops in Silesia in the 14th–15th centuries and the struggle with the Moors on the Iberian Peninsula as well as the need to consolidate Christian society in the fight against the enemies of the Catholic Church.
Future precipitation changes in the Central Ethiopian Main Rift under CMIP5 GCMs
Authors: Hailesilassie Wondimu T. , Goel Narendra K. , Ayenew Tenalem , Tekleab Sirak
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to predict future changes in precipitation in the Central Ethiopian Main Rift, which is vulnerable to climate change. The Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model was applied to project precipitation based on five global climate models (GCMs) (EC-EARTH, MIROC-ESM, HadGEM2-ES, INM-CM4, and CCSM4) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) in the periods of 2041–2060 compared to the baseline period of 1976–2005. The model's calibration and validation results showed that it could predict future precipitation. According to the analysis, the mean rainfall is expected to increase in January (up to 14.2%) and December (up to 27.8%) under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. However, a drop is anticipated in June (up to 8.2%) and May (up to 7%) under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. In both scenarios, summer precipitation (usually the rainy season) is predicted to fall, while winter precipitation (usually the dry season) is expected to climb. Furthermore, annual and spring precipitation forecasts are anticipated to decrease in most locations. The findings of this research will be utilized to guide future water resource management in the study region.
Mucocutaneous Manifestations of People Living with HIV in Current
Antiretroviral Therapy Era
Authors: Sivaz Onur , Ozkur Ezgi , Altunay Ilknur Kivanc , Oncul Ahsen , Sevgi Dilek Yıldız
Published: March 2022

Objective:

It has been reported that approximately 90 % of patients infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have various cutaneous symptoms related to the virus. This
study aims to describe the cutaneous disorders that have developed in HIV-infected patients and to
investigate the factors that may be related, such as relationships to drug use and CD4 counts.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included people living with HIV and being followed by our
hospital’s infectious diseases clinic after being referred to the dermatology clinic because of skin
lesions. These patients had been diagnosed with HIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests
and were included in the study if they were older than 18 years and had agreed to participate. Findings
from detailed dermatological examinations were recorded, along with the patients’ CD4 counts,
the durations of their illnesses, and the treatments they received.

Results:

144 patients were included in the study. The most common mucocutaneous manifestation
was seborrheic dermatitis, at 28.5 % (n = 41). The mean CD4 count was 607.1 (min-max = 10.6-
1982). The CD4 counts were divided into three groups in the study as follows: 22 (15.3 %) patients
with <200, 35 (24.3 seborrheic dermatitis) patients between 200 and 500, and 87 (60.4 %) patients
with >500. There were no statistical differences between these groups in terms of dermatological
findings. Nevertheless, the highest rate of patients with three or more dermatological conditions was
found among those with CD4 counts <200 (n = 11.50 %).

Conclusion:

Skin manifestations are common in patients who are HIV-positive; however, many
skin disorders can be seen in HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients whatever
CD4 cell counts of these patients are.
SEMCM: A Self-Expressive Matrix Completion Model for Anti-cancer
Drug Sensitivity Prediction
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yuan Yuwei , Yu Jian , Liu Hui
Published: March 2022

Background:

Genomic data sets generated by several recent large scale high-throughput
screening efforts pose a complex computational challenge for anticancer drug sensitivity prediction.

Objective:

We aimed to design an algorithm model that would predict missing elements in incomplete
matrices and could be applicable to drug response prediction programs.

Method:

We developed a novel self-expressive matrix completion model to improve the predictive
performance of drug response prediction problems. The model is based on the idea of subspace clustering
and as a convex problem, it can be solved by alternating direction method of multipliers. The original
incomplete matrix can be filled through model training and parameters updated iteratively.

Results:

We applied SEMCM to Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Cell Line
Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets to predict unknown response values. A large number of experiments
have proved that the algorithm has good prediction results and stability, which are better than several
existing advanced drug sensitivity prediction and matrix completion algorithms. Without modeling mutation
information, SEMCM could correctly predict cell line-drug associations for mutated cell lines and
wild cell lines. SEMCM can also be used for drug repositioning. The newly predicted drug responses of
GDSC dataset suggest that TI-73 was sensitive to Erlotinib. Moreover, the sensitivity of A172 and NCIH1437
to Paclitaxel was roughly the same.

Conclusion:

We report an efficient anticancer drug sensitivity prediction algorithm which is opensource
and can predict the unknown responses of cancer cell lines to drugs. Experimental results prove
that our method can not only improve the prediction accuracy but also can be applied to drug repositioning.
Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Hydroxyapatite-
Blended Nanofiltration Membranes: Characterization and Filtration
Properties
Authors: Prihandana Gunawan Setia , Sriani Tutik , Mahardika Muslim
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

The application of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a filtration membrane
is limited due to its hydrophobicity. This paper elaborated on the fabrication process of nanofiltration
PVDF membrane incorporating various quantities of hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxyapatite
(HA) using a wet phase inversion method to improve its hydrophilicity.

Methods:

The membrane was fabricated by using the wet phase inversion method. It was then characterized
in terms of water permeability, water contact angle, water content, surface energy, and surface
porosity. Bacteria and Fe ions filtration was conducted to investigate the membrane filtration performance.

Results:

The PVDF/PVP/HA-blended membrane showed the highest water permeability (6,165
LMH/Bar), water content (45.2 %), and surface energy (104.1 mN/m) when 2 wt.% of PVP was introduced
into the base polymer PVDF. This fabricated membrane, labeled as PVP 2.0, also showed the
lowest contact angle (64°) and the highest surface porosity (42%).

Conclusion:

Overall, the PVP introduction into the polymeric membrane doping solution
potentially improves membrane hydrophilicity and permeability.
Construction of Artificial Cells Utilizing DNA Nanotechnology
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Chunjuan , Yang Fan , Guo Zhenzhen , Liu Qiaoling
Published: March 2022

Programmable DNA nanostructures are excellent modules for preparing artificial cells
with complex structures and functions. As a biocompatible building material, DNA nanostructures
can mimic cell components on the nanoscale and serve as artificial cell structural units, such as
membrane proteins, cytoskeleton, organelles, or even protocell models. The incorporation of DNA
strand displacement reactions and functional nucleic acids endowed artificial cells with the capability
of mimicking dynamic biological processes, such as molecular transportation, and signal transduction
pathways. Herein, we focus on the recent progress in the construction of artificial cells utilizing
DNA nanotechnology. DNA nanostructures used as cellular structural and functional units
are summarized, and the applications of DNA-based artificial cells as biosensors or smart drug carriers
are highlighted. We also discuss the perspective of DNA-based artificial cells, including the
challenges in designing smart artificial cells with controllable behavior and constructing artificial
cells with the cell-like function, as well as the opportunities of their potential applications.
Study the Pharmacognostic Profile, Antiradical and Hepatoprotective
Potential of Carissa carandas Linn. Fruit Extract
Authors: Singh Sonia , Agarwal Nitin
Published: March 2022

Aims:

Carissa carandas Linn. is a thorny shrub (Family: Apocynaceae), commonly
called Karonda. The shrub can be grown in tropical and subtropical climate regions.

Methods and Material:

The objective of the experimental work was to analyze the efficacy of
fruit extract of C. carandas Linn. with respect to the hepatoprotective property using supportive
evidence of in vitro and in vivo antiradical activity. The antioxidant activity of ethanolic fruit extract
was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric
oxide free radical scavenging assay, using Ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Oral administration of
C. carandas Linn. ethanolic fruit extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) revealed a considerable marked
protection property against acute hepatotoxicity induced by the carbon tetrachloride, moreover,
that has been evaluated in terms of biochemical parameters.

Results:

Administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induce amplified levels of serum biomarker
enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) in the blood serum with attenuated in-vivo antioxidant enzymes levels such as
superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase in hepatic tissues. The administration
of fruit extract would reduce the CCl4- induced hepatic toxicity; these effects may be
due to the presence of phytochemicals including carbohydrates, tannins, phenolic components and
flavonoids. However, HPLC and TLC studies would ensure the presence of gallic and quercetin in
the ethanolic fruit extract of the plant.

Conclusions:

The ethanolic fruit extract of C. carandas Linn. exhibits significant hepatoprotective
activity which could be partly imputed to its both in-vitro as well as in-vivo antioxidant property,
together with effective total phenolic and total flavonoid content and thus concedes for further
findings.
Desarrollando autonomía en los niños a través del juego didáctico
Authors: Lip Licham Cruz Antonio
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio fue suscitar la reflexión del autor mediante la revisión, el análisis e interpretación de la literatura especializada en sus temas centrales: el juego, el juego didáctico y la autonomía en los niños; reflexión que se plasmó en toda la redacción del artículo y pretende hacer un llamado a padres, maestros y autoridades, para priorizar el desarrollo del nivel de autonomía de los niños y a su vez, servir como una fuente sistematizada de información relevante en estos temas. Metodológicamente tiene un enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo con un modelo de revisión literaria crítica y reflexiva basándose en la búsqueda de información en bases de datos especializadas como Scopus, Ebsco, Dialnet, etc. y el apoyo del buscador de Google Académico. Se concluyó que la autonomía debe formarse desde edades tempranas, siendo el juego el mejor medio para acelerar el desarrollo del nivel de autonomía y que el juego didáctico, es una importante estrategia pedagógica que favorece el desarrollo cognitivo, psicomotor y social de los niños al permitirle aprendizajes significativos.
Social Media Images as an Emerging Tool to Monitor Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Guidelines: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Young Sean D , Zhang Qingpeng , Zeng Daniel Dajun , Zhan Yongcheng , Cumberland William
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Innovative surveillance methods are needed to assess adherence to COVID-19 recommendations, especially methods that can provide near real-time or highly geographically targeted data. Use of location-based social media image data (eg, Instagram images) is one possible approach that could be explored to address this problem.

OBJECTIVE

We seek to evaluate whether publicly available near real-time social media images might be used to monitor COVID-19 health policy adherence.

METHODS

We collected a sample of 43,487 Instagram images in New York from February 7 to April 11, 2020, from the following location hashtags: #Centralpark (n=20,937), #Brooklyn Bridge (n=14,875), and #Timesquare (n=7675). After manually reviewing images for accuracy, we counted and recorded the frequency of valid daily posts at each of these hashtag locations over time, as well as rated and counted whether the individuals in the pictures at these location hashtags were social distancing (ie, whether the individuals in the images appeared to be distanced from others vs next to or touching each other). We analyzed the number of images posted over time and the correlation between trends among hashtag locations.

RESULTS

We found a statistically significant decline in the number of posts over time across all regions, with an approximate decline of 17% across each site (P<.001). We found a positive correlation between hashtags (#Centralpark and #Brooklynbridge: r=0.40; #BrooklynBridge and #Timesquare: r=0.41; and #Timesquare and #Centralpark: r=0.33; P<.001 for all correlations). The logistic regression analysis showed a mild statistically significant increase in the proportion of posts over time with people appearing to be social distancing at Central Park (P=.004) and Brooklyn Bridge (P=.02) but not for Times Square (P=.16).

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest the potential of using location-based social media image data as a method for surveillance of COVID-19 health policy adherence. Future studies should further explore the implementation and ethical issues associated with this approach.
Readability of Korean-Language COVID-19 Information from the South Korean National COVID-19 Portal Intended for the General Public: Cross-sectional Infodemiology Study (Preprint)
Authors: Moon Hana , Lee Geon Ho , Cho Yoon Jeong
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus pandemic has increased reliance on the internet as a tool for disseminating information; however, information is useful only when it can be understood. Prior research has shown that web-based health information is not always easy to understand. It is not yet known whether the Korean-language COVID-19 information from the internet is easy for the general public to understand.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the readability of Korean-language COVID-19 information intended for the general public from the national COVID-19 portal of South Korea.

METHODS

A total of 122 publicly available COVID-19 information documents written in Korean were obtained from the South Korean national COVID-19 portal. We determined the level of readability (at or below ninth grade, 10th to 12th grade, college, or professional) of each document using a readability tool for Korean-language text. We measured the reading time, character count, word count, sentence count, and paragraph count for each document. We also evaluated the characteristics of difficult-to-read documents to modify the readability from difficult to easy.

RESULTS

The median readability level was at a professional level; 90.2% (110/122) of the information was difficult to read. In all 4 topics, few documents were easy to read (overview: 5/12, 41.7%; prevention: 6/97, 6.2%; test: 0/5, 0%; treatment: 1/8, 12.5%; P=.006), with a median 11th-grade readability level for overview, a median professional readability level for prevention, and median college readability levels for test and treatment. Difficult-to-read information had the following characteristics in common: literacy style, medical jargon, and unnecessary detail.

CONCLUSIONS

In all 4 topics, most of the Korean-language COVID-19 web-based information intended for the general public provided by the national COVID-19 portal of South Korea was difficult to read; the median readability levels exceeded the recommended ninth-grade level. Readability should be a key consideration in developing public health documents, which play an important role in disease prevention and health promotion.
Evidence-Based Behavioral Strategies in Smartphone Apps for Children’s Sleep: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Simon Stacey L , Kaar Jill L , Talker Ishaah , Reich Jennifer
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Empirically supported treatments for pediatric sleep problems exist, but many families turn to other sources for help with their children’s sleep, such as smartphone apps. Sleep apps are easy for families to access, but little evidence exists regarding the validity of the services and information provided in the developer descriptions of the apps.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to examine the features and claims of developer descriptions of sleep apps for children.

METHODS

A search of the Apple iTunes store and Google Play was conducted using the terms “kids sleep,” “child sleep,” and “baby sleep.” Data on the type of app, price, user rating, and number of users were collected. Apps were analyzed in comparison with evidence-based behavioral strategies and were thematically coded on the basis of claims provided in developer descriptions.

RESULTS

A total of 83 app descriptions were examined, of which only 2 (2.4%) offered sleep improvement strategies. The majority were sound and light apps (78%) and 19% were bedtime games or stories. Only 18 of 83 (21.6%) apps were identified as containing empirically supported behavioral sleep strategies. Despite this, many apps asserted claims that they will help children “fall asleep instantly,” “cry less and sleep better,” or improve child development.

CONCLUSIONS

A large variety of sleep apps exist for use among children, but few include evidence-based behavioral strategies according to the developer descriptions of the apps. Addressing sleep difficulties in children is important to promote physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Collaboration between sleep researchers and technology developers may be beneficial for creating evidence-supported apps to help with children’s sleep in the future.
A Review of International Teledermatology (Preprint)
Authors: McKoy Karen
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The use of teledermatology has been evolving slowly for the delivery of health care to remote and underserved populations. Advancements in technology and the recent COVID-19 pandemic have hastened its use internationally.

OBJECTIVE

An international survey was done to assess teledermatology use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

In addition to an updated literature review from 2015 to 2021, a survey instrument was formatted in Google Forms in English and distributed electronically to international personal contacts of the authors, as well as to international dermatology and teledermatology societies of members of the International League of Dermatological Societies and members of the International Society of Teledermatology. Answers from US dermatologists were excluded.

RESULTS

110 survey responses were received from 33 countries. Barriers to the use of teledermatology have fallen considerably in the last year.

CONCLUSIONS

Teledermatology use has increased significantly in recent years in both government-sponsored and private health care systems and individual practices. There are no recognized international practice guidelines and there is variable use within countries. Many barriers remain to increasing the use of teledermatology.
Using the Polar H10 accelerometer in a sports-based environment: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lam Emily , Duplessis Danielle , Hutchison Michael G. , Scratch Shannon E. , Biddiss Elaine
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The Polar H10 is a low-cost wearable with a heart rate monitor and tri-axial accelerometer with potential for many applications. While the device’s heart rate monitor has been widely studied, the accelerometer has yet to be validated.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to conduct a validation of the Polar H10 accelerometer to establish static and dynamic validity during a sports-based task.

METHODS

Static validity was determined by computing the relative error when using a level guide to hold each axis of the Polar H10 against gravity. Fifteen healthy adults (8F/7F) participated in sports-based tasks while wearing the Polar H10 (Polar Electro, Poland) and a comparison device, the MetaMotionR inertial measurement unit (MbientLab Inc., USA). Dynamic validity was characterized using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE). Additionally, common features in human activity recognition (mean magnitude, root mean square, power, and signal magnitude area) were computed in 2s windows and compared via RMSE and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.

RESULTS

When held against gravity, the Polar H10 had relative errors ranging from 2.620% to 4.288%, suggesting high static validity. During sports-based tasks, the accelerometers had correlations between 0.888 and 0.954, indicating sufficient concurrent validity for all axes, as well as acceleration magnitude. The differences in acceleration features were minimal (RMSE for mean, root mean square, power, and signal magnitude were 0.003G, 0.004G, 0.112, and 0.017G, respectively), but all reached significance (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

These results provide evidence for the use of the Polar H10 accelerometer to measure movement during sport-like activities.
The use and acceptability of diet apps in Australia: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khalesi Saman , Vandelanotte Corneel , Irwin Christopher , Ting Corine , Williams Edwina , Williams Edwina
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Poor diet is a contributing factor to the risk and burden of noncommunicable diseases. Diet apps and websites are developed to help improve dietary intake.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore the use and acceptability of diet apps and associated websites in Australia.

METHODS

In a cross-sectional study, 241 participants (mean age = 40.6 years) completed an online survey between April and August 2021. The survey contained questions about demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours and health concerns, experience and confidence of technology and diet-related apps/website use, and preference, attitude and perception of diet-related apps/website use. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to explore data.

RESULTS

Overall, 63.5% of participants were current or previous app users. App users were more confident in using technology, more concerned about diet and weight, and more trusting of information provided in diet apps compared to non-app users (p ≤ .05). Features such as food tracking, nutrient check and barcode scanning were preferred by both users and non-users. The likelihood of using diet apps was higher for those who trust the app information (OR 5.51, 95%CI: 2.40 – 12.66), often count calories (OR 2.28, 95%CI: 1.01 – 5.24), and are often on diet (OR 4.16, 95% CI: 1.21 – 14.21) compared to their counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS

More than half of the Australians that participated in this study used diet app and websites. App features that allow to accurately record and monitor food intake and scan barcodes may motivate app use. Future public health strategies may take advantage of diet apps and websites to improve dietary behaviour at the population level and reduce the burden of obesity and NCDs.
Misinformation About the Human Gut Microbiome in YouTube Videos: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chidambaram Swathikan , Maheswaran Yathukulan , Chan Calvin , Hanna Lydia , Ashrafian Hutan , Markar Sheraz R , Sounderajah Viknesh , Alverdy John C , Darzi Ara
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Social media platforms such as YouTube are integral tools for disseminating information about health and wellness to the public. However, anecdotal reports have cited that the human gut microbiome has been a particular focus of dubious, misleading, and, on occasion, harmful media content. Despite these claims, there have been no published studies investigating this phenomenon within popular social media platforms.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to (1) evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the content in YouTube videos related to the human gut microbiome and (2) investigate the correlation between content engagement metrics and video quality, as defined by validated criteria.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, videos about the human gut microbiome were searched for on the United Kingdom version of YouTube on September 20, 2021. The 600 most-viewed videos were extracted and screened for relevance. The contents and characteristics of the videos were extracted and independently rated using the DISCERN quality criteria by 2 researchers.

RESULTS

Overall, 319 videos accounting for 62,354,628 views were included. Of the 319 videos, 73.4% (n=234) were produced in North America and 78.7% (n=251) were uploaded between 2019 and 2021. A total of 41.1% (131/319) of videos were produced by nonprofit organizations. Of the videos, 16.3% (52/319) included an advertisement for a product or promoted a health-related intervention for financial purposes. Videos by nonmedical education creators had the highest total and preferred viewership. Daily viewership was the highest for videos by internet media sources. The average DISCERN and Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct scores were 49.5 (SE 0.68) out of 80 and 5.05 (SE 2.52) out of 8, respectively. DISCERN scores for videos by medical professionals (mean 53.2, SE 0.17) were significantly higher than for videos by independent content creators (mean 39.1, SE 5.58; P<.001). Videos including promotional materials had significantly lower DISCERN scores than videos without any advertisements or product promotion (P<.001). There was no correlation between DISCERN scores and total viewership, daily viewership, or preferred viewership (number of likes).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall quality and reliability of information about the human gut microbiome on YouTube is generally poor. Moreover, there was no correlation between the quality of a video and the level of public engagement. The significant disconnect between reliable sources of information and the public suggests that there is an immediate need for cross-sector initiatives to safeguard vulnerable viewers from the potentially harmful effects of misinformation.
Code-Switching Automatic Speech Recognition for Nursing Record Documentation: Development and Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Hou Shih-Yen , Chen Kai-Ching , Chang Ting-An , Hsu Yi-Min , Chuang Su-Jung , Chang Ying , Wu Ya-Lun , Hsu Kai-Cheng
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Taiwan has insufficient nursing resources due to the high turnover rate of nursing personnel. Therefore, reducing the heavy workload of these employees is essential. Herein, speech transcription, which has various potential clinical applications, was employed for the documentation of nursing records. The requirement of only one speaker facilitates data collection and system development. Moreover, authorization from patients is unnecessary.

OBJECTIVE

A speech recognition system for nursing records was constructed such that medical personnel can complete nursing records without typing or with only a few edits.

METHODS

Nursing records in Taiwan are mainly written in Mandarin, with technical terms and abbreviations presented in both Mandarin and English. Therefore, the training set consisted of English code-switching (CS) information. Next, transfer learning (TL) and meta-transfer learning (MTL) methods, which perform favorably in CS scenarios, were applied.

RESULTS

The word error rate (WER) of the benchmark model of syllables-based TL and the proposed model of syllables-based MTL was 29.54% and 22.20% WER in code-switching, respectively. The test set comprised 17,247 words. Moreover, in a clinical case, the proposed model of syllables-based MTL yielded a WER of 31.06% WER in code-switching. The clinical test set contained 1,159 words.

CONCLUSIONS

Medical personnel in Taiwan are often compelled to use a mixture of Mandarin and English in nursing records. Therefore, a Mandarin–English CS speech recognition system for nursing documentation was developed. The proposed data set has two characteristics, namely the medical field and CS, and lightens the workload of medical personnel.