bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between COVID-19 and Anxiety among married and unmarried Health workers
Authors: Farooqi Rabia , Tariq Amina , Qureshi Shahzad Waheed , Ikram Amna Mehwish , Haidar Adeel , Shaikh Gul Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Aim: To explore the level of anxiety among married and unmarried health workers in Pakistan Method: This crossectional survey was conducted to explore the level of anxiety among married and unmarried health workers in Pakistan. After receiving the approval of the study from the institutional ethical review committee, data was collected online google forms from the entire Pakistan. . 592 dully filled forms were included in the study. Gender and marital status were taken as demographic variables. A Chi-square test was used to explore the difference in anxiety levels among married and unmarried health workers. Results: The results of the chi-square test revealed that there was a significant difference found between the level of anxiety among married, unmarried, and divorced health workers (X2=21.514, P<.001). Conclusion: Mild level of anxiety was observed in unmarried health workers (73.9%), Moderate level of anxiety was observed in married health care workers (60.2%). A severe level of anxiety was also observed among married health workers (57.6%) due to COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, Anxiety, Health workers, Married
Comparison of Inter- and Intra-Individual Neuromuscular Patterns of Responses During Moderate-Load Bilateral Leg Extension Exercise
Authors: Dinyer-McNeely Taylor , Succi Pasquale J. , Voskuil Caleb C. , Byrd M. Travis , Bergstrom Haley C.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: This study examined the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG), amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) responses during bilateral, leg extension exercise performed to failure at a moderate (70% one-repetition maximum [1RM]) load.

Methods: Eleven men completed a 1RM and repetitions to failure at 70% 1RM of the leg extension. The EMG and MMG signals were recorded from the right and left vastus lateralis. Polynomial regression analyses were used to determine individual and composite, normalized neuromuscular responses for both limbs.

Results: For EMG AMP, both limbs demonstrated positive, quadratic relationships. For EMG MPF, the right limb demonstrated a negative, cubic relationship and the left limb demonstrated a negative, quadratic relationship. For MMG AMP, the right limb demonstrated a positive, quadratic relationship and the left limb demonstrated a positive, linear relationship. For MMG MPF, both limbs demonstrated negative, linear relationships. 18-45% of the subjects demonstrated the same responses as the composite for the EMG and MMG signals. 14% of the subjects demonstrated the same direction and pattern of response for the right and left limb intra-individual responses.

Conclusions: The variability in the inter- and intra-individual responses highlight the necessity to report individual neuromuscular responses when examining fatiguing resistance exercise.
CIÊNCIAS DA RELIGIÃO
Authors: CRISTIANO NICKEL JR , August Mariluce Emerim de Melo
Published: August 2021

Mesmo em uma sociedade secularizada ou dessacralizada, o fenômeno religioso continua com seu capital simbólico legitimado e muito bem estabelecido. As ciências humanas apresentam os fatos das experiências das pessoas, mas não captam o elemento transcendente, como a perspectiva essencialista/fenomenológica o faz. O objetivo dessa pesquisa bibliográfica é desenvolver, a partir da fenomenologia da religião e da teologia natural, uma compreensão sobre o sujeito religioso e o acesso ao transcendente, apresentando algumas evidências desta busca, presentes em diversas culturas. Em primeira instância, são apresentadas duas direções epistemológicas das ciências da religião – o método de pesquisa funcionalista/empirista e o método essencialista/fenomenológico. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma visão sistêmica do conceito de religião, sob o ponto de vista antropológico e fenomenológico. Por último, são considerados na análise os aspectos da fenomenologia da religião, por meio da abordagem da teologia natural em relação às evidências de acesso ao transcendente. Pode-se concluir que diversas culturas retroalimentam o drama do homo religiosus. Bem como as sociedades modernas e pós-modernas que, mesmo com tendências de “matar” a religião, afloram e trazem à luz a essência do ser humano e sua busca insaciável de respostas para as questões últimas, por meio da vivência social ou individual, e na procura pelo transcendente. A teologia natural é um modo de compreender e evidenciar o drama do interesse humano em experimentar o transcendente nesse mundo com base nas estratégias e práticas das suas faculdades naturais.
PROBLEMA DO MAL E DO SOFRIMENTO
Authors: Miara Bruno , Dück Arthur Wesley , A Hartmut
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho trata do problema do mal e do sofrimento e suas objeções à existência de Deus. A proposta inicial é verificar se realmente a existência do mal anula a existência de Deus. A partir da metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica foi desenvolvida uma abordagem histórica, filosófica e teológica sobre o tema. Ao longo do trabalho ficou constatado que a existência do mal não consegue provar de maneira cabal que Deus não existe. O argumento filosófico do mal contra Deus se mostrou não ser a principal fonte que leva a negação de Deus também ficou evidenciado que o deus retratado pelo presente argumento não é o mesmo Deus relatado na Bíblia. Neste sentido o trabalho foi direcionado para uma abordagem bíblica sobre o problema do mal e do sofrimento com o intuito de verificar como a Bíblia lida com a questão. No decorrer do processo o problema do mal se mostrou muito mais sério do que uma objeção intelectual o qual pede por uma solução que vá além de uma mera resposta intelectual satisfatória ao argumento filosófico do mal. É na busca de uma solução mais abrangente que vá além de teorias e argumentos meramente intelectuais que o trabalho foi desenvolvido.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Chronic Neck Pain, Headaches, and Referred Pain in a Patient With Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Lewis Drew D.
Published: August 2021

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) has been well documented to cause or contribute to chronic pain conditions and may go undiagnosed or ineffectively managed for years.1 Additionally, MPS and trigger points (TrPs) are found commonly in cases of nerve injury such as radiculopathy.

In the present case report, a 48-year-old man with chronic neck pain radiating into left shoulder and arm, upper back, chest pain, and headaches with possible nerve injury was found to have myofascial trigger points related to his condition. An osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) approach was utilized to provide relief from the chronic and complex pain condition.
Rethinking Superior and Inferior Sacroiliac Shear: A New Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Goldman Stephen I. , Van Buskirk Richard L.
Published: August 2021

The concept of upslipped and downslipped innominate dysfunction has been a part of osteopathic teaching for more than 50 years. In more recent years, the terminology has evolved into superior and inferior innominate shears. The assumption that these somatic dysfunctions result from vertical shearing at the sacroiliac (SI) joint is evaluated in light of new research on sacroiliac motion and stability and the authors’ clinical experiences. The authors propose that the apparent superior or inferior shift of an innominate is better accounted for by sidebending of the innominate at the sacroiliac joint. Altered treatments based on this new understanding are presented.
Incorporating Osteopathic Philosophy Into Residency Programs
Authors: Goldman Stephen I.
Published: August 2021

Osteopathic residency programs face many difficulties with incorporating osteopathic philosophy into their curricula. The author reviews the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements for philosophy and presents a strategy for developing and implementing osteopathic philosophy in residency programs utilizing the works of Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO, reviewing the history of the osteopathic profession, and introducing healing philosophies.
Student Perceived Value of Reading Assignments During Mandatory Clerkship-Years OMM Course
Authors: Lewis Drew D. , Pickos Jonathan James
Published: August 2021

Context

While the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation’s standards require osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) curriculum throughout all years of osteopathic medical school, providing curriculum to expand student’s OMM knowledge base and osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) experiences is challenging. Survey data from our pilot clerkship-years OMM course in 20141 demonstrated elevated levels of confidence in and intent to provide OMT in future practices.

Objective

To determine whether assigned readings—one of the two major components of the clerkship-years OMM course—are perceived as valuable to the osteopathic medical students.

Methods

A mandatory clerkship-years OMM course was implemented in the 2014 third-year curriculum and 2015 fourth-year curriculum. Chapter reading assignments required a passing grade on an online quiz for completion. Following each reading quiz, a survey requested the students to respond whether individual chapter reading assignments were perceived to be of value to them or contributed to their learning.

Results

Of the 223 students in the 2017 third-year class, 220 (99%) responded. Of the 207 students in the 2018 fourth-year class, responses ranged from 193 to 204 (93%–99%). Among the third-year students, responses ranged from 205 to 218 (93%–99%) for students reporting individual chapter reading assignments were of value and contributing to their learning, and among fourth-years, their responses ranged from 185 to 201 (91%–99%).

Conclusion

A prior study of our curriculum1 demonstrated elevated student levels of confidence in and intent to provide OMT in their future practices. As one of the two major components of the curriculum, this study demonstrates that mandatory reading assignments incorporated in an OMM course were overwhelmingly perceived as valuable and contributing to students’ learning.
Introducing Short Lever Still Technique, a New Variant
Authors: Van Buskirk Richard L.
Published: August 2021

A new variant of the Still Technique is described involving the use of a local force vector applied directly to the restricted tissue during the passive movement of the tissue from its ease through its restriction. This new “short lever” version is easily taught and, based on classroom experience, can be readily mastered by students of osteopathic manipulative medicine at all levels.
Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Pulmonary Function in a Parkinson’s Disease Patient
Authors: Yao Sheldon C.
Published: August 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms including resting tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, and postural instability. Parkinson’s patients can also exhibit respiratory symptoms. The muscle rigidity associated with PD has been found to be highly correlated with the severity of pulmonary dysfunction. This case details the treatment of a 73-year-old PD patient who presented with acute dyspnea that resolved with application of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Treatment focused on addressing thoracic cage musculoskeletal restrictions, balancing autonomic flow, and improving circulatory and lymphatic flow. The patient’s respiratory symptoms were alleviated despite a lack of significant pulmonary function test changes immediately post-treatment. This case demonstrates the positive effect of integrating OMT for the treatment of pulmonary symptoms in PD.
An Osteopathic Approach to Patients with Degenerative and Herniated Discs
Authors: Kessler Robert , Haase Carol , Dean Dayton
Published: August 2021

This paper reviews the basic science of disc disease (DD), which suggests; osteopathic manipulative medicine addresses the causes and symptoms of DD, can reverse its pathologic cascade, prevent its side effects and future episodes. The paper will use the modern scientific understanding of disc disease to show the body is a self-regulating, self-healing unified whole, structure and function are interrelated at all levels, and intervertebral disc cells contain the biochemical and physiologic capacity for self-healing. This evidence suggests osteopathic intervention initiates and magnifies this healing process.

The paper will also discuss the authors’ experience with a treatment protocol for DD, based on osteopathic principles.
The Osteopathic Approach During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, Featuring Newly Analyzed Case Reports
Authors: Ching Leslie M. , Watson Ashley , Watson Tyler , Ridgway Philip
Published: August 2021

Osteopathic physicians played a pivotal role in treating patients suffering from the H1N1 influenza A virus of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic. This article focuses on case reports and questionnaire answers from the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (JAOA), now the Journal of Osteopathic Medicine (JOM), and Osteopathic Physician concerning the modalities, techniques, and efficacy of osteopathic treatments of the 1918 pandemic. There are 19,565 patients who are represented in this analysis. The results are compared to the often-cited 110,120 patient cases reported by the JOM in 1920. Several different approaches, including lymphatic and visceral techniques, were widely used at the time, and their historic incorporation into patient treatment is explored. There is a discussion of the geographic location and characteristics of the practices. Statistical breakdown of mortality rate, the most commonly used approaches, somatic dysfunctions commonly treated, physician anecdotes, and other common remedies used by osteopathic physicians, are noted additionally. A comparison is done of the literature regarding the osteopathic approach for COVID-19. The newly analyzed case reports in this article demonstrate a similar mortality rate as in the 1920 JAOA article and illustrate the geographical distribution, treatment approaches, and personal stories of osteopaths during the pandemic.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Sosial dan Motorik Halus Anak Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
Authors: Sekar Sari Wuni Arum
Published: August 2021

This study examines the effect of project-based learning on children’s social-emotional development and children’s fine motoric development. This study uses a Quasi-Experimental Design. Control-Group Design (Pre-test and Post Test) or Nonequivalent [Pretest and Post Test] Control-Group Design, the experimental group (A) and the control group (B), were selected without a random assignment procedure. In these two groups, both pretest and posttest were carried out. Only the experimental group (A) was treated. This research was conducted at RA Uniform Debit and RA Kusuma Mulia, Ngino, Plemahan, Kediri. Data were collected using observation sheets, descriptive statistical data analysis, and paired t-test with alpha <0.05.  Based on the results of different tests with the Paired t-test, the Sig. As much as 0.000, where this value is less than 0.05, reject H1 and accept H0, there are differences in social-emotional development and fine motor skills between before (pretest) and after (posttest) getting project-based learning the experimental group and the control group. The average value shows that the social-emotional development after being given the Project-Based learning was more significant than the social-emotional development, namely 26.03> 20.44 in the experimental group and 22.10> 20.23 in the control group. Likewise, fine motor development before being given the Project-Based learning, namely 14.97> 11.84 in the experimental group and 13.03> 11.97 in the control group. This means that the project-based learning given to RA students in Plemahan, Kediri is more effective than learning in the control group.
Permainan Sains Problem-Solving Cardboard Box Lego dan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Fauziah Sarah , Mulyana Edi Hendri , Mulyadi Sima
Published: August 2021

Media, in general, is a means of providing information to the recipient of the message, namely the child. The game is a medium that is used as a medium of play for children that can be used as a means of learning. This game uses a problem-solving learning method, namely problem-solving. It is hoped that this method can find solutions in fostering children’s creativity. Therefore, this research is to improve children’s cognitive abilities in solving a problem (problem-solving). Thus, this research develops problem-solving game media to facilitate children’s creativity by using cardboard box lego game media. In designing this game media, it refers to the 2013 curriculum. The 2013 curriculum is expected to facilitate aspects of children’s cognitive development for their creativity. This study aims to describe the basic needs of game media and develop a cardboard box lego problem-solving science game to facilitate early childhood creativity. The method used in this research is the Educational Design Research (EDR) floating method. Learning science in early childhood is still considered quite tricky, but this will be easy to overcome with the right and appropriate and adequate media and teaching materials. Based on the literature study that has been done, many science game media are not by the child’s development stage, which should adjust to aspects of child development that refer to the 2013 curriculum. So based on the needs and findings in the field, researchers will develop a cardboard box kego problem-solving science game to facilitate early childhood creativity.
Pengembangan Media Neraca Lengan untuk Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Berpikir Logis Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Lisdiani Revi , Mulyana Edi Hendri , Lidinillah Dindin Abdul Muiz
Published: August 2021

This research is motivated by the problems in the field regarding the limited availability of learning media in facilitating early childhood logical thinking skills, especially recognizing differences in objects based on the size of the object's weight. The importance of the ability to think logically from an early age to prepare children to live their daily lives is inseparable from logical thinking. The purpose of this study is to develop learning media to facilitate early childhood analytical thinking skills. The method used in this research is the development method with the Educational Design Research (EDR) model of the McKenney and Reeves model, which has three stages of research: analysis and exploration, design and construction, and evaluation and reflection. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, questionnaires, and expert validation. The products that have been developed are then validated by media experts, material experts, and educational experts and then revised by researchers according to the validator's suggestions. Products that have been declared eligible to be tested based on the results of expert validation then tried twice on a limited basis on group B children in TK PGRI Karangmekar. The results of this study indicate that the developed media, namely balance scale media to facilitate early childhood logical thinking skills, is suitable for use in learning according to the results of expert validation, teacher responses, and student's ability to use balance scale media in learning in a limited trial.
Research skills in the first-year biology practical - Are they there?
Authors: Torres Lyn
Published: August 2021

Laboratory practicals engage students in complex thinking to build their scientific knowledge and understanding. Surprisingly few studies connect the development of students’ cognitive and metacognitive skills for learning in the laboratory practical with foundational skills for researching. Librarians strive to establish teaching partnerships with academics to contextualise research skills within curriculum content. However, pedagogical models to make research skills explicit and guide library-faculty collaborations are lacking. This study explores the Research Skill Development (RSD) framework (Willison & O'Regan 2006/2018; see the first article in this issue) to extrapolate students’ research skills in a first-year biology practical unit. A qualitative research design was applied to identify research skills in the unit’s laboratory manual and in descriptive observations of students in five laboratory practicals. Results show students engaged in the research skills articulated by the RSD, yet these skills were implied rather than explicitly taught. Implications suggest that fundamental research skills which enable student preparedness for research can be overlooked in practical curricula. Research skills remaining unrecognised impacts learning and teaching, including the contribution librarians could make in this context. Findings demonstrated that the RSD is a useful theoretical construct and a priori framework to make research skills visible to educators.
Modernización tecnológica en la gestión de hospitales generales. Fase 1 Diagnóstico sobre la Modernización Tecnológica en Hospital Nacional Zacamil
Authors: Cornejo Hernández Saúl Antonio , Ventura Aguilar Yancy Steffany , Campos Saravia Carlos Ricardo
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue diagnosticar el nivel de equipamiento informático del hospital que permita el surgimiento de nuevos proyectos de innovación en el área de investigación, técnica, científica o administrativa. La metodología se enfocó en la exploración de diferentes indicadores para determinar hallazgos sobre las necesidades tecnológicas que actualmente poseen las distintas instituciones hospitalarias, caso de estudio el Hospital Nacional General «Dr. Juan José Fernández», Zacamil. Los resultados que se obtuvieron fueron la actualización de equipos informáticos, herramientas tecnológicas que mejoren los múltiples procesos en el desarrollo de la ejecución del servicio a los pacientes, con ayuda del equipo de investigación y uso de las nuevas tecnologías; en una segunda fase, se diseñarán soluciones innovadoras con impacto positivo en su funcionamiento interno con beneficio para la atención de calidad al paciente. Al desarrollar este diagnóstico se concluye que existe la oportunidad de diseñar y desarrollar una serie de proyectos que innoven los procesos internos desde el funcionamiento para una óptima atención al paciente dentro del hospital. En cuanto a la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador le permite fortalecer el área de investigación en las facultades de Ingeniería y Medicina. Por medio este diagnóstico, faculta la producción ideas y diseños innovadoras basadas y aplicadas en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías que mejoren los procesos y flujos de información en el hospital.
Innovación en el gerenciamiento de la seguridad y salud ocupacional post COVID-19
Authors: Barrera Córdova Guillermo Francisco
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se hace una descripción de la evolución que el gerenciamiento de la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional han tenido en los últimos meses producto de la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Asimismo, se hace un abordaje al hecho de como la innovación es un factor importante por considerar para que el gerenciamiento de la seguridad sea efectivo en las operaciones de cualquier organización independiente al rubro que pertenezca. Es importante tomar en cuenta que las brechas generacionales, personas «vulnerables» y demás personas con alto riesgo que una vez contraído el virus puede afectar de manera grave la salud de ellas son factores por considerar al momento de gerenciar la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, con el fin de garantizar la continuidad del negocio.
THE LEVEL OF MOTHER'S KNOWLEDGE IN HANDLING FEVER IN CHILDREN IN SUCI VILLAGE, PANTI JEMBER SUB-DISTRICT
Authors: Hidayah Amaliyah Nurul , Wahyuni Alfira Septia , Rossetyowati Diyan Ajeng
Published: August 2021

Fever is a condition often found in toddlers. Fever is a condition when the body temperature is above normal temperature (36-37ºC). The general objective of the study was to describe the level of knowledge of mothers in handling fever in children under five years old in Suci village, Panti Jember district. The research used a descriptive design. Samples were taken by random samplingand obtained 81 mothers who have toddlers. This research instrument uses a questionnaire. The results showed that the level of mother's knowledge in handling fever in toddlers in the realm of know was 86%, in the realm of understand was 76%, and in the realm of application was 75%. It can be concluded that the level of mother's knowledge in handling fever in toddlers in Suci village, Panti Jember sub-district in the realm of know and in the realm of understand was a good criterion, and in the realm of application was a fairly good criterion.\Keywords: toddlers, fever, mother's knowledge level
LEVEL OF PATIENT SATISFACTION TOWARDS PHARMACY SERVICES IN KIMIA FARMA TALANGSARI PHARMACY
Authors: Agustina Rina Dias , Hidayah Amaliyah Nurul
Published: August 2021

Pharmacy is one of the health service place that has product and service activities that are highly dependent on patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction can be used as a benchmark for companies to develop their business in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember. The type of this research was qualitative descriptive using cross sectional study. The population were patients who came to buy prescription or non-prescription drugs at the Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember in June 2020 with a total samples of 100 patients. The result showed that patient satisfaction to the services at Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember were quiet satisfied in reliability dimensions (60%) and tangible dimensions (55%) also in responsiveness dimensions (48%) and less satisfied in empathy dimensions (54%) and assurance dimensions (41%). It can be concluded that the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember were  Keywords: level of satisfaction, quality of service
The Cultivation of Junior Middle School Students' Problem Awareness under the Background of Mathematics Core Literacy
Authors: Hua Xiujuan , Zhao Yige , Sun Shurong , Han Zhenlai
Published: August 2021

Learning from thinking, thinking from doubt, People's thinking begins with problems, and they think only when they have problems. As a hot spot of educational research nowadays, the core accomplishment of mathematics leads the new direction of educational reform, puts forward higher requirements for solving mathematical problems, and pays more attention to cultivating students to solve mathematical problems with the thinking of core literacy of mathematics. Through discussing the meaning of mathematics core accomplishment and the recognition of "problem solving" under the background of mathematics core accomplishment, this paper discusses three methods of cultivating students' problem consciousness: creating situation, arousing problem consciousness, making students want to ask questions; The democratic atmosphere, the cultivation self-confidence, causes the student dares to ask; the positive appraisal, the body Test the sense of achievement, make the students happy to ask, so as to arouse teachers pay attention to cultivating students' problem awareness and ability, and stimulate students' creative thinking.
A Case Report and Review of a Young Adult with Non-Verbal Low-Functioning Autism
Authors: WONG Chong Lee
Published: August 2021

This case report concerns a case of a young man GO, in his early twenties, who was diagnosed with Autistic Disorder (AD) when he was a preschooler. It sets out to look at the numerous therapies GO had undergone in the past, ranging from evidence-based therapies such as speech-language therapy and occupational therapy to unproven complementary and alternative therapies such as hyerbaric oxygen therapy and non-invasive chelation therapy. At the point of this writing, GO is learning life skills at a daycare center for young adults with autism. His parents have requested for a diagnostic evaluation of GO’s condition to ascertain his latest status in terms of his capability so as to better understand his current level of functionality. With the information, they want to work on the next course of action as their child enters into the mid-twenties phase of adulthood, hoping that he will be gainfully employed and thus to lead a functionally independent and meaningful life.
ANALISIS UU NO. 19 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG JUAL BELI BERBASIS ONLINE PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH ISLAM
Authors: USMAN USMAN
Published: August 2021

2020, adalah tahun dimana dunia digital semakin canggih, perkembangan digital di era milenial ini menjadikan dunia dalam satu genggaman, terlebih dalam dunia Jual Beli online. Dari internal dan external kota dapat mudah berinteraksi melalui media elektronik.

Dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi telah menyebabkan hubungan dunia menjadi tanpa batas dan menyebabkan perubahan dalam hal ekonomi secara cepat, dengan demikian transaksi jual beli pun bisa dilakukan melalui transaksi elektronik yang tidak terbatas oleh waktu dan tempat.

Islam adalah agama yang mengatur segala hal dalam kehidupan manusia, dalam syariah Islam pun terdapat aturan terkait dengan jual beli. Islam jauh sebelumnya telah memperluas penafsiran asas dan normanya dalam persoalan kebendaan yang tidak berwujud. Seiring dengan perubahan dunia menjadi globalisasi, proses percepatan perkembangan dari berbagai aspek tidak dapat dihentikan, terlebih dunia Jual Beli Online, sehingga muncullah  peraturan  asas dan norma atas segala persoalan kebendaan yang tidak berwujud yang ditetapkan di Indonesia dalam Undang-undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pandangan Syariah Islam tentang praktik Jual Beli dan juga bagaimana praktikJual Beliberbasis Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik menurut UU No 19 Tahun 2016.

Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa jual beli berbasis informatika dan transaksi elektronik sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Islam dan UU No 19 Tahun 2016 adalah sah selama memenuhi persyaratan dalam Jual Beli, dan beri'tikad baik sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Undang – Undang
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PENANAMAN MODAL TERHADAP PERSAINGAN USAHA DALAM MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN
Authors: USMAN USMAN
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum penanaman modal terhadap persaingan usaha dalam menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN dan untuk Menganalisa penerpan hukum penanaman modal terhadap persaingan usaha dalam menghadapai Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan yang bersifat yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan masalah secara konseptual (Conceptual Approach) dan Undang-Undang (Statute Approach). Sumber data menggunakan data primer, data sekunder, data tersier. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara pertama yang memberlakukan hukum persaingan telah berperan secara aktif menjadi centre of excellence dalam pengembangan hukum persaingan ini di ASEAN melalui pembagian pengalaman (sharing experience). Komisi  yang  bertugas  mengawasi Persaingan  Usaha  dengan Komisi VI DPR  RI memiliki  komitmen  untuk  mengamandemen Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Anti  Monopoli. Di Kementerian Perdagangan sendiri upaya  untuk  menjawab  tantangan globalisasi bukan hanya MEA 2015 secara sempit dengan membentuk Direktorat Jenderal Standardisasi dan Perlindungan Konsumen melalui Peraturan Menteri  Perdagangan  No.  31  Tahun 2010 yang telah disempurnakan dengan Peraturan Menteri  Perdagangan  No. 57 Tahun 2012 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Perdagangan dengan misi meningkatkan daya saing  ekspor,  meningkatkan  pengawasan  dan perlindungan konsumen, serta berperan sebagai pengelola kebijakan maupun pelaksanaan atas program pengembangan sekaligus pengamanan perdagangan dalam negeri. Kegiatan  investasi  yang  sejak terbentuknya Undang-undang Penanaman modal Asing dan undang-undang Penanaman Modal dalam Negeri menjadi latar  belakang  penting  adalah pembangunan  ekonomi  dalam meningkatkan  kesejahteraan  sehingga dalam  mewujudkannya  maka  perlu adanya  kepastian  dalam  memberikan perlindungan  hukum  terlebih  setelah adanya  kesepakatan  negara-negara ASEAN
Reaktualisasi Pengukuran Arah Kiblat Dengan Metode Segitiga Bola Pada Masjid Dan Musholla
Authors: SUSANTO ANDI , Nurfadilah Diana , Zaenab Siti
Published: August 2021

An understanding of the Qibla direction is very important for Muslims, because facing the Qibla is one of the legal requirements for performing prayers. Although now the technology to determine the Qibla direction is sophisticated, it is necessary to know how to determine the actual Qibla direction. The determination of the direction of the Qibla with the spherical triangle method is based on a triangle on the surface of the globe which is formed by three large circles of the globe, namely two circles of the earth's longitude and one circle of Qibla. The intersection of the three large circles forms three points, namely point A (Makkah), point B (the location where the Qibla direction will be calculated), and point C (the North Pole). The steps in determining the Qibla direction include: (1) Prepare the data needed in calculating the Qibla direction of a place, namely latitude and longitude data for the Kaaba (Makkah city), as well as latitude and longitude data for the location/city to be calculated. the qibla direction; (2) Calculation of the Qibla direction using the formula , with: B = Angle of the direction of the Qibla of a place, C = The difference between the longitude of the Kaaba and the longitude of the place where the Qibla direction is being sought, a = 90o – tp (latitude), and b = 90o – ka (Kaaba latitude); (3) Calculation of true Qibla azimuth from true north in a clockwise direction, where true Qibla azimuth = 360o – Qibla direction angle (B); (4) Determination of the actual Qibla direction by measuring using an arc ruler as large as true Qibla azimuth from true north.
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI MENGENAI PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG YANG TIDAK WAJIB DIBUKTIKAN TERLEBIH DAHULU TINDAK PIDANA ASALNYA
Authors: Doso Musram
Published: August 2021

The anti money laundering law has been amended 3 (three) times, the most recent is Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering, however in its application it still raises debate, especially regarding whether or not the original criminal act is necessary. There are 2 issues raised in this study, namely whether the provisions of Article 69 of Law Number 8 of 2010 contradict the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law Number 8 of 2010, and What is the formulation policy regarding investigation, prosecution and examination in court against TPPU which is not obliged to be proven beforehand the original criminal act. The purpose of this research is to find out, understand and analyze the provisions of Article 69 of Law Number 8 of 2010 which can be interpreted as contradicting the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law Number 8 of 2010, and to formulate policies regarding investigation, prosecution and examination at court. court against TPPU which is not obliged to be proven in advance of the original criminal act. The conclusion is that the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (1) of the TPPU Law are inconsistent with the provisions of Article 69 of the TPPU Law. So that the debate regarding whether or not it is obligatory to prove the predicate crime before carrying out the investigation, prosecution and examination in court proceedings against TPPU can be ended immediately. With such a formula, it will result in mutual conformity between the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (1) of the TPPU Law and Article 69 of the TPPU Law
KONTEKSTUALISASI TAUHID SPEKULATIF DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT SAINS
Authors: HASBIYALLA IKLIL
Published: August 2021

Tulisan ini berusaha melakukan kontekstualisasi rumusan keilmuan tauhid yang selama bersifat spekulatif. Persektif yang digunakan untuk menelaah rumusan keilmuan tauhid ini adalah filsafat sains (ilmu pengetahuan), khususnya filsafat sains Jurgen Habermas yang menawarkan ‘’pengetahuan analisis’’. Dengan ‘’pengetahuan analisis’’ ini, rumusan keilmuan tauhid diharapkan dapat mempertautkan antara persoalan teori dan praktik, iman dan amal sholih, serta dapat menyentuh realitas empirik, bukan berjalan pada tataran deskriptif-spekulatif yang menjadi idealitas keilmuan tauhid spekulatif.
HUBUNGAN PELAYANAN KONSUMEN DAN FASILITAS PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA PT. AVANT GUARD INDONESIA
Authors: RAIS RINOVIAN
Published: August 2021

The Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of customer service and company facilities on customer satisfaction at PT Avant Guard Indonesia and to determine the variables that have a greater influence between customer services and company facilities on customer satisfaction at PT Avant Guard Indonesia. Based on testing with Chi square (X²), it is found that there is a significant relationship between customer service and customer satisfaction, or the better the service provided, the better customer satisfiction, For the relationship between company facilities and customer satisfiction, it is found that there is a significant relationship between company facilities and customer satisfaction, or the better the company facilities provided, the better customer satisfaction. From the calculation, it is also known that service has a greater influence, so that that the second Hypothesis can be accepted.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGILE KNOWLEDGE WORKER DI DIVISI FINANCE PT PFIZER INDONESIA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF HUMAN CAPITAL DAN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (The Development Strategic of Agile Knowledge Worker in Finance Division PT Pfizer Indonesia based on Human Capital and Knowledge Management Perspectives)
Authors: Fauziana Eva
Published: August 2021

Radical and global changes in the world and also the fast development of knowledge economy era (Drucker, 1990) affected and forced all profit and non-profit organizations to be radically adaptive to the changes. Pfizer Inc, as one of the biggest pharmaceutical corporation in the world, also aware the needs to be adaptive in the radical change. Led be new CEO, Mr. Jeffrey B. Kindler, Pfizer keeps on enhancing and improving itself by conducting Pfizer transformation since early 2006. For Pfizer People, transformation is not a short cut process of reduction costs and restructurization, but transformation are mainly focused to develop healthier and better environment in the world as stated in Pfizer new motto in 2016: “Working for Healthier WorldTM” In finance division PT Pfizer Indonesia, the improvement and enhancement process are led by conducting Finance Survey in 2006. The survey becomes the basic evaluation and the key indicator as Finance Performance. From some theories on human capital compiled with other theories, references and understanding on knowledge management, change management, culture management, learning organization and agile leadership, I summarize the new concept of agile knowledge worker. I strongly support that the limitation of this new concept can be the new thoughts and ideas of the human capital and knowledge management development and implementation
Pollen Allergy; Mechanism and Etiology
Authors: Choudhary Shazia , Noreen Mamoona , Arshad Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The term allergy refers to an exaggerated immune response to a foreign molecule. In a normal healthy individual, this foreign molecule will act as a harmless antigen, as it will be recognized & cleared by the immune system without causing any significant damage to host tissues. In certain individuals, such antigens stimulate immune system in such a way that a series of exaggerated immune response are generated against it, leading to significant tissue injury and damage to the host. Such as exaggerated immune response may also cause death of the patient. Such antigen is termed as an allergen. Allergy is categorised under Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated type I hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions occur when an antigen acting as an allergen attacks the immune system of the host and causes excessive stimulation of mast cells and basophils. This is followed by the release of allergy mediators which are responsible for causing local or systemic anaphylaxis, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjuctivitis. Type I allergens are of various types, the mechanism of action is same; however underlying factors may differ in each type. This article is about pollen allergens, in specific & will discuss the common sources of pollen allergens in Pakistan, the relevance and the factors behind pollen allergy.
Cloning and Overexpression of Pyrococcus Furiosus Endoglucanase A Gene (egIA) in Escherichia Coli
Authors: Zaidi Najam-us-Sahar Sadaf , Akhtar M. Waheed
Published: August 2021

This study describes the cloning and high-level expression of an Endoglucanase A Gene (egIA) from a hyperthermophilic archeon Pyrococcus Furiosus. An expression plasmid pET-EgIA was constructed for the production of recombinant EgIA in E.Coli B12 (DE3) under the control of T7lac promoter. Following induction, ~35kDa protein expressed at levels greater than 20% of the total E.Coli cellular proteins. The expressed protein, however, was in the form of inclusion bodies with little enzymatic activity, which was solubilized using higher concentration of denaturing agent (8M urea) followed by its refolding to an active state. A 7-8 fold increase in enzyme activity corresponding to 285U/mg specific activity could be achieved after refolding. The refolded egIA, partially purified by heat treatment upto ~92%, is being investigated for applications like hydrolysis of cellulose, a major component of plant biomass. Local, upscale and cheap production of these cellulolytic enzymes can help in reducing the costs of many processes in various industries like poultry and textile.
Molecular Genetics of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Future Prospectus in Pakistan
Authors: John Peter , Ahmed Altaf , Ahmed Mushtaq , Jalil Syed Fazal , Kausar Rukhsana , Gauhar Zeeshan , Mehmood Javaid , Ameen Moghees Ikram , Qadri Ishtiaq , Bhatti Attya
Published: August 2021

The spectrum of rheumatic disease is wide and includes conditions with diverse pathology, although most have in common a heritable risk with a complex genetic basis. Over the past decade intense efforts have been done to understand the contribution of genotype to the expression of disease in terms of both basic pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. The dramatic improvement in technology and methodology has accelerated the pace of gene discovery in complex disorders in an exponential fashion. This review focuses on rheumatoid arthritis and describes some of the recently described genes that underlie this condition and the extent to which they overlap.
Molecular Modeling of Cytochrome P450 1A1 using the newly Crystallized Template structure of CYP1A2-Human
Authors: Zafar Rehan , Parvaiz Fahed , Aslam Babar , Niazi Umar
Published: August 2021

Cytochrome P450 enzyme family plays significant roles in carcinogenesis and xenobiotic detoxification. CYP1A1 is the P450 family 1 enzyme preferably expressed extrahepatically and participates extensively in monooxygenase activity which can either change the substrate to normal or carcinogenic metabolites, having the ability to initiate oncogenesis in lung and breast. Variegated structural properties evident in the prosites of available Cytochrome P450 (CYP) structures show versatility among CYP catalyzed reactions. In order to understand the CYP1A1 functions, hypothesized homology model has been constructed and characterization of the active site was performed by identifying important residues using docking studies and pharmacophore analysis. Model of CYP-1A1- Human has been constructed using the available crystal structure of CYP-1A2- Human. Active site and entry site of CYP-1A1 was found to be more compact than CYP1A2. Difference of wildtype CYP1A1 against its polymorphisms shows the role of mutations in active site architecture, which explains that the M2 and M4 mutations in CYP1A1 have no possible significant roles in the substrate binding and orientation for detoxification or carcinogenic activation. Different ligands including A- naphthoflavone (ANF), Ethoxyresorufin, Theophylline, Tamoxifen, Ethanol, Phenacetin and Hesperetin were docked and reconfirm the ligand specific wet lab studies.
Small Interfering RNA- Modern Approach for Intervening Pathological Conditions
Authors: Choudhary Shazia , Murad Sheeba , Gul Sana , Khan Hayat , Khalid Samra , Gul Summar , Ehsan Naureen , Noreen Mamoona
Published: August 2021

RNA interference (RNAi) refers to the inhibition of gene expression by small double-stranded RNA molecules. This technology can prove to be a breakthrough biological discovery of the decade as it has the potential to revolutionize the field of therapeutics. RNA interference (RNAi) through small interfering RNA (siRNA) is currently being evaluated for its efficacy to be used in therapeutics as well as prophylactic strategies. Many studies are being conducted across the globe to optimize the siRNA delivery systems (in terms of safe, stable and efficient delivery) in various disorders. There are a number of diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer associated pathological changes, bacterial and viral induced disorders, where RNAi pathway can be explored and RNAi technology can be used as a tool to intervene such abnormalities. This review is an effort to review latest advancements in the field of siRNA based therapy development and the pits and falls generally encountered in the use of this technology.
Retrospective study of Lymphadenopathy by FNAC in National Institute of Health Islamabad-Pakistan
Authors: Naz Sumera , Mumtaz Arshad
Published: August 2021

The objective of the study was to review the pathology of lymph node disorders in adults with peripheral lymphadenopathy. A five year (1998 - 2003) retrospective study of lymph node Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) performed at Histopathlogy department of National Institute of Health Islamabad. Females constitute the major group with 130 cases (64%) in our study. Fifty four percent of the cases were below 20 years of age. Benign lesions were found in 91% of the patients, the majority of which were tuberculous lymphadenitis (52%) followed by nonspecific reactive hyperplasia (39%). Frequency of metastatic carcinoma was 9 (4%), malignant lymphoma 2 (1.0%) and insufficient aspirate in 10 (5%) cases. The commonest site of lymphadenopathy was cervical (71%) followed by submandibular (11%), inguinal 8% and axillary 7%. Reactive hyperplasia was more frequent in female (62%) than male patients (38%), similarly tuberculous lymphadenitis was comparatively more frequent in female (64%) than male patients (36%) in our study. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most common pathological diagnosis in young females (15 - 25 years). It is concluded that the pattern of disease is similar to that of other countries of the region.