bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaboration as a structural aspect of proactive social sustainability: the differential moderating role of distributive and procedural justice
Authors: Lim Jia Jia , Dai Jing , Paulraj Antony
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to adopt the strategy-structure-performance (SSP) framework to explore how proactive social strategy could motivate firms to collaborate with suppliers on social sustainability initiatives, and how such collaborative efforts could unlock a win-win opportunity for both noneconomic (social performance) and economic (operational performance) performance. Additionally, drawing on the tenets of the social exchange theory, the different moderating effects of distributive justice and procedural justice on the social collaboration-performance relationship are also examined.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses survey data collected from 215 manufacturing companies in China. The proposed hypotheses are tested using multiple linear regression models as well as the PROCESS macro within SPSS.

Findings

The results suggest that (1) a proactive social strategy could motivate firms to collaborate with suppliers on joint social activities and (2) social collaboration with suppliers can have a significant positive effect on both social and operational performance. The moderation results suggest that distributive justice has a differential effect on the collaboration-performance link. Particularly, distributive justice strengthens the relationship between social collaboration and operational performance, while it weakens the relationship between social collaboration and social performance. Surprisingly, procedural justice did not have a significant moderating effect on the social collaboration-performance link.

Originality/value

This paper extends the SSP framework to the social sustainability context by not only stressing the importance of proactivity in managing sustainability, but also revealing collaboration as a structural aspect that could achieve superior performance benefits. This study also contributes to sustainable supply chain literature by exploring the moderating roles of justice elements.
Optimal fiscal policy in a model with efficiency wages: the case of Bulgaria
Authors: Vasilev Aleksandar
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the effects of fiscal policy in an economy with efficiency wages, consumption taxes and a common income tax rate.

Design/methodology/approach

A dynamic general-equilibrium model with the government sector is calibrated to Bulgarian data (1999–2018). Two regimes are compared and contrasted – the exogenous (observed) vs optimal policy (Ramsey) case.

Findings

The main findings are as follows: (1) The optimal steady-state income tax rate is zero. (2) The benevolent Ramsey planner provides three times lower amount of the utility-enhancing public services. (3) The optimal steady-state consumption tax needed to finance the optimal level of government spending is 18.7%.

Originality/value

The focus of the paper is on the relative importance of consumption vs income taxation, as well as on the provision of utility-enhancing public services. Bulgarian economy was chosen as a case study due to its major dependence on consumption taxation as a source of tax revenue.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2021-0488.
Influence of graphite purity concentrations on the tribological performance of non-asbestos organic copper-free brake pads
Authors: I. Justin Antonyraj , R. Vijay , G. Sathyamoorthy , D. Lenin Singaravelu
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the influence of graphite with varying purity on the tribological performance of brake pads.

Design/methodology/approach

Three distinct brake pads were created within the scope of this experiment by varying the graphite purity without affecting the other components. The brake pads were made using a traditional manufacturing procedure, and industry standards were used to test the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the newly produced brake pad. A full-scale inertia brake dynamometer was used to determine the material’s tribological characteristics. The worn surfaces of the brake pads were examined using a scanning electron microscope.

Findings

The test results indicate that brake pads containing 99% pure graphite (artificial grade) displayed good physical, chemical and mechanical features, such as consistent friction and a reduced rate of wear because of the lower impurity level, which eliminates frictional undulations.

Originality/value

This paper discusses the influence of graphite purity on the tribological performance of brake pads by modifying tribofilms and reducing friction undulations.
Novel oil–air distributor design and study on the viscosity properties of its oil spraying
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Huang Heng , Gao Guogang , Xie Xiaopeng
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design the novel oil–air distributor (N-OAD). Its structure design, oil feeding reliability, service life and viscosity properties of air bubble (AB) oil were analyzed. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of AB oil was established based on Kelvin–Helmholtz instability.

Design/methodology/approach

First, oil–air distributor (OAD) and N-OAD were randomly selected for testing when the air pressure was 0.25 MPa and oil feeding was 100 times per hour. Then, the bubbles were found in the lubricant during the experiment, and the void fraction and viscosity properties of AB oil were tested by image processing method and the MARS 40 rheometer, respectively.

Findings

N-OAD has longer service life and higher working reliability than OAD. The key factors of AB oil formation were air pressure and oil feeding. And the void fraction of AB oil has different results on the viscosity at high and low shear rates.

Originality/value

The outcome of this research paper gives an insight to improve the reliability of oil–air lubrication systems and the safety factor of machine tool spindle operation.
Art infusion phenomenon: a systematic literature review
Authors: Gupta Mansi , Joshi Rakesh Mohan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to provide a structured and comprehensive synthesis of studies of the art infusion phenomenon, which describes the influence of art on consumers’ perception and evaluation of a product with which that art is associated. Further, this study aims to identify the issues in the literature and suggest future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

Publications relevant to the art infusion phenomenon until 2021 were identified through a systematic literature review. Subsequently, the 35 retrieved articles that met the selection criteria were evaluated using descriptive and content analyses.

Findings

This literature review brings to light the origin, significance, evolution and development of the art infusion phenomenon. This study highlights the catalogue of drivers of this phenomenon and illuminates the interrelationships among the factors through a conceptual model using the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) paradigm.

Research limitations/implications

This study adds to the art infusion literature by synthesizing extant studies and presenting a comprehensive overview of the subject, thereby motivating its prorogation and becoming a single point of reference for scholars.

Originality/value

The art infusion phenomenon has become a dominant theoretical pillar in the fields of arts and branding. However, little effort has been made to systematically review research on the phenomenon and consolidate its findings. To address this gap, this study first identifies and categorizes the factors that influence the art infusion phenomenon using the SOR paradigm. This study then creates a conceptual model that elucidates the interrelationships among the key elements of the phenomenon.
Failure of crisis leadership in a global pandemic: some reflections on COVID-19 and future recommendations
Authors: Okoli Justin , Arroteia Nuno Paulino , Ogunsade Adekunle I.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Being a novel public health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic presented world leaders with difficult options and some serious dilemmas that must somehow be negotiated. Whilst these leaders had limited knowledge about the coronavirus and how the pandemic would potentially evolve, they were still expected to make high-staked judgements amidst a range of uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to explore the response strategies used by various world leaders from the perspective of crisis leadership within the public health domain.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary data was collected from research papers, policy reports and credible media outlets to examine the construct of crisis leadership within the context of the global pandemic.

Findings

The paper identified three cognitive antecedents to the COVID-19 crisis leadership failures, which helped to explain why certain policy decisions were successful and why others were less so. On this basis, a clear dichotomy was drawn between highly rated leaders and their less successful counterparts in relation to the management and governance of the coronavirus pandemic.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this paper lies in its psycho-political approach, which offered insights into the cognitive undertones that underpin the three leadership failures that emerged from the distinct approaches used by world leaders to prepare for, respond to and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. The practical recommendations proposed in this paper are hoped to aid better decision-making for leaders faced with the task of managing future public health crises.
Uses and gratifications of a tablet computer for children: an analysis of online customer reviews
Authors: Schlebbe Kirsten
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The number of children using and owning mobile devices has grown significantly in the last decade. By applying a uses and gratifications approach, this paper aims to explore what customers of a tablet computer for children report about the use and expectations of these devices from an information behavior perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study, 1,185 online customer reviews published for two different versions of the Amazon Fire Tablet Kids Edition on the German Amazon website between June 16, 2019, and June 15, 2020, were analyzed. A content analysis of the reviews was conducted using different inductive coding methods.

Findings

Findings indicate that customers describe different aspects of children's use and families' expectations of tablets within their reviews. The expressed gratifications mostly relate to the aim of entertainment. Intentional information seeking activities were hardly mentioned within the reviews, but many customers emphasize learning as an important activity with the devices. Overall, the customer reviews reveal a mix of gratifications that differ from reported motivations for adults' tablet use.

Research limitations/implications

The possibility of manipulated online customer reviews must be considered. It should also be viewed critically that the children's perspectives are only indirectly included in the data.

Originality/value

Families' expectations of tablets as a device for children have not been a focus of research to date. This study uses an innovative research design by applying a uses and gratifications approach to online customer reviews for children's tablets. The findings add to previous research on children's use and families' expectations of tablets and contribute to our understanding of children's information behavior in connection with mobile devices.
Compensation of sintering deformation for components manufactured by metal binder jetting using numerical simulations
Authors: Sadeghi Borujeni Shahrooz , Saluja Gursimran Singh , Ploshikhin Vasily
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims at compensating for sintering deformation of components manufactured by metal binder jetting (MBJ) technology.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present research, numerical simulations are used to predict sintering deformation. Subsequently, an algorithm is developed to counteract the deformations, and the compensated deformations are morphed into a CAD model for printing. Several test cases are designed, compensated and manufactured to evaluate the accuracy of the compensation calculations. A consistent accuracy measurement method is developed for both green and sintered parts. The final sintered parts are compared with the desired final shape, and the accuracy of the model is discussed. Furthermore, the effect of initial assumptions in the calculations, including green part densities, and green part dimensions on the final dimensional accuracy are studied.

Findings

The proposed computational framework can compensate for the sintering deformations with acceptable accuracy, especially in the directions, for which the used material model has been calibrated. The precise assumption of green part density values is important for the accuracy of compensation calculations. For achieving tighter dimensional accuracy, green part dimensions should be incorporated into the computational framework.

Originality/value

Several studies have already predicted sintering deformations using numerical methods for MBJ parts. However, very little research has been dedicated to the compensation of sintering deformations with numerical simulations, and to the best of the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous work has studied the effect of green part properties on dimensional accuracy of compensation calculations. This paper introduces a method to omit or minimize the trial-and-error experiments and leads to the manufacturing of dimensionally accurate geometries.
Force-flow guided reinforcement design of homogeneous mesoscale structure in additive manufacturing
Authors: Yu Ying , Huang Huan , Wang Shuo , Li Shuaishuai , Wang Yu
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The mesoscale structure (MS) has a significant impact on the mechanical performance of parts made by additive manufacturing (AM). This paper aims to explore the design and fabrication of force-flow guided reinforcement mesoscale structure (FFRMS) compared with the homogeneous mesoscale structure (HMS), which is inconsistent with the stress field for a given load condition. Some cases were presented to demonstrate the mechanical properties of FFRMS in terms of MS combined with quasi-isotropy and anisotropy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper consists of four main sections: the first developed the concept of FFRMS design based on HMS, the second explored volume fraction control for the proportion of force-flow lines in terms of mechanical property requirement, and the third presented a sequence stacking theory and practical manufacturing process framework and the final sections provided some application case studies.

Findings

The main contributions of this study were the definition and development of the FFRMS concept, the application framework and the original case studies. As an example, a typical lug designed with the proposed FFRMS method was fabricated by three different AM processes. The test results showed that both the strength and stiffness of the specimens are improved greatly by using the FFRMS design method.

Originality/value

The superposition of HMS as the basement and force-flow as an indication of the stiffener, leading to a heterogeneous structure, which exhibits more efficient and diversified means compared with the traditional way of increasing the HMS density merely.
Monetary-fiscal coordination: when, why and how?
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Padhi Ipsita , Dhal Sarat
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to revisit the theme of fiscal-monetary coordination in a general equilibrium setup that allows for unconventional monetary policy, monetary policy transmission and developing country characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a calibrated new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to study fiscal-monetary interaction.

Findings

Debt sits at the center of monetary-fiscal interaction. Under high-debt conditions, the inflation-output trade-off rises with an increase in the strictness with which monetary policy targets inflation, undermining the standard prescription of strict inflation targeting. At the same time, the transmission of monetary policy is also impeded, due to which unconventional monetary policy becomes more appropriate. The need for coordination among the policies gets enhanced in the presence of borrowing cost channel. While the presence of borrowing cost channel increases the need for policy coordination regardless of the debt situation, features like higher share of non-Ricardian households and weaker monetary policy transmission affect monetary-fiscal interaction to a greater extent under high-debt environment.

Originality/value

First, this paper uses inflation-output trade-off as a metric, to analyze fiscal-monetary interaction. Second, this paper considers the impact of developing country characteristics (such as a higher share of non-Ricardian households, impeded monetary policy transmission and supply constraints/borrowing cost channel) on fiscal-monetary interaction. Third, the DSGE model developed in this paper incorporates open market operations that could shed light on the role of unconventional monetary policy in the presence of high fiscal deficit and debt, which is particularly relevant in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fourth, the model also permits an investigation into monetary policy transmission under different debt regimes.
Opening the black box of cognitive rehabilitation: Integrating the ICF, RTSS, and PIE
Authors: Hamilton Justine , Sohlberg McKay Moore , Turkstra Lyn
Published: September 2022

Background

Cognitive rehabilitation is a complex and specialized area of practice, as it aims to support individuals with diverse neuropsychological profiles, personal characteristics, and intersectionalities in achieving meaningful, functional change in personally relevant aspects of their everyday lives. In many ways, cognitive rehabilitation is the epitome of a ‘black box’: it has complicated internal processes that are mysterious to users. We argue that this complex practice has suffered from a lack of specificity of clinical processes and treatment components, resulting in negative consequences for both providers and clients.

Aim

To unpack the black box of cognitive rehabilitation by describing a unifying set of frameworks that can effectively direct clinical practice across clinical disciplines: the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS), and the Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation framework (PIE). We present a clinical case that illustrates the application of the three frameworks.

Conclusion

Implementation of these three integrated frameworks supports clinical reasoning, replication of treatments, and communication across disciplines with the ultimate impact of improving rehabilitation outcomes. The frameworks provide a structure for clinicians to clearly define both the what and the how of treatment, with a level of specificity to maximize both effectiveness and efficiency of intervention.
Preference for job diversity, mixed part‐time jobs and voluntary unemployment
Authors: Liu Weiguang
Published: September 2022

This article introduces job diversity preference into Hoteling's location model to explain individuals' displeasure with work. The mixed part‐time jobs (MPJ) can be regarded as more diversified products firms can offer at a higher cost. Individuals pay the product (jobs) with their productivity. We intend to explain: (a) Why some individuals prefer not to work in only single full‐time jobs (SFJ) cases; (b) Why allowing free MPJ can be a good idea; (c) How MPJ wage floor and ceilings can block or hinder the effect of the MPJ market. (d) What the government can do to improve employment and social welfare. Bringing Hoteling's model into the labour market to demonstrate individuals' preferences on job diversity is the major innovation of this article.
Peer mentoring support for students with autism in school settings: a concept analysis
Authors: Wu Tian , Wang Duu‐chiang
Published: September 2022

Peer mentoring support as an organized peer‐run approach can be understood as an intentional support strategy for students with autism within the context of general schools. However, the increasing number of research‐based articles on the peer support programme apply the concept with little consistency. The literature was searched using electronic databases. Any quantitative or qualitative studies published in English, which were focused on peer mentoring support in autism, were included. We followed Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis. The attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept were identified. The attributes of peer mentoring support were peer‐based interaction, mentorship approach, customized support and reciprocal relationship. Antecedents included peer acceptance, peer mentor training and role definition. The consequences of peer mentoring support were also identified. A conceptual model of peer mentoring support in autism was developed.
Bandaids are not the fix: Examining the patterns of injury‐related emergency department presentations in Australian children
Authors: Möller Holger , Niven Catherine , Catchpoole Jesani , Ivers Rebecca , Harrison James , Vallmuur Kirsten
Published: September 2022

Objective

To provide an epidemiological understanding of the types of injuries treated in ED in Australian children, describe the impact of these injuries in volume and severity, and assess the patterns by demographic and temporal factors.

Methods

ED data from six major paediatric hospitals in four Australian states over the period 2011–2017 were analysed to identify childhood injury patterns by nature of injury and body region, as well as sex, age group and temporal factors.

Results

A total of 486 762 ED presentations for injury in children aged 0–14 years were analysed. The most common injuries for all age groups were fractures of the upper extremities. Leading injury diagnosis groups varied by age groups and sex. Overall, children aged 1–2 years had the highest number of ED presentations for injury, and from birth more males than females presented to ED with injuries with the highest absolute sex difference observed for 10‐ to 14‐year‐olds. Seventeen percent of children who presented to ED were admitted to hospital with the leading type of hospitalised injury being fractures. Little monthly variation in ED presentations was observed, except for higher presentations for drowning in summer months, and for most injury types, ED presentations were higher during weekends and daytime.

Conclusions

This is the first large‐scale quantification of paediatric injury‐related ED presentation patterns in Australia since the conclusion of the National Injury Surveillance and Prevention Program about 30 years ago. It provides valuable information to inform paediatric ED resourcing decisions as well as important evidence for injury prevention practitioners.
Association of Subjective Global Assessment with outcomes in the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ferrie Suzie , Weiss Nina Bianca , Chau Hiu Yi , Torkel Sophia , Stepniewski Morgan Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Aims

This retrospective audit was conducted to investigate the association between outcome and protein‐energy malnutrition diagnosed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), to evaluate the predictive validity of Subjective Global Assessment in adults admitted to intensive care.

Methods

The audit analysed the medical records of 1034 consecutive adult patients who had nutrition assessment on admission to the intensive care unit between January 2017 and July 2018. Extracted data included patient demographics, nutritional status, outcomes, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. Regression was used to explore the association between Subjective Global Assessment and outcomes.

Results

The prevalence of protein‐energy malnutrition was 39.5% (342 patients SGA‐B, and 75 patients SGA‐C), and there was a significant independent association between Subjective Global Assessment and outcomes both in surgical and non‐surgical patients. Compared with well‐nourished patients, mortality was significantly higher in the malnourished, during the intensive care admission (p = 0.007), in hospital (p < 0.0001), at 90 days (p = 0.001) and at 180 days (p = 0.002). Pressure injuries were more common (p = 0.01). Length of stay was longer in intensive care (p = 0.001) and in hospital (p < 0.001), with increased readmission rate (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Protein‐energy malnutrition diagnosed by Subjective Global Assessment had a significant independent association with adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Subjective Global Assessment appears to have predictive validity in this patient population.
Potential organ donors with primary brain tumours: missed opportunities for donation and transplantation identified in Australian cohort study 2010–2015
Authors: Thomson Imogen K. , Hedley James , Rosales Brenda M. , Wyburn Kate , O'Leary Michael J. , Webster Angela C.
Published: September 2022

Background

Potential organ donors with primary brain tumours (PBT) frequently donate, however some may be declined due to uncertainty about tumour classification or transmission risk to transplant recipients. We sought to describe transmission risk and donation outcome of potential donors with PBT, including identifying missed opportunities for transplantation, and any PBT transmission events.

Methods

We undertook a population‐based cohort study in NSW of all potential donors 2010–2015. PBT potential donors were characterized according to tumour grade and transmission risk, and whether they donated organs. Data linkage was used to determine agreement of risk assessment of potential donors to that in the Biovigilance Register, and to identify any PBT transmissions.

Results

Of 2957 potential donors, 76 (3%) had PBTs. There was agreement of risk assessment in 44 (58%) cases. PBT potential donors had fewer comorbidities (1.6 vs. 2.1,P = 0.006) than non‐PBT potential donors. Forty‐eight (63%) potential donors were declined for non‐PBT reasons, 18 (24%) were declined because of perceived PBT transmission risk and 10 (13%) donated. All PBT donors had WHO‐I or ‐II tumours, and none had a ventriculo‐pertioneal shunt. No transmission events occurred.

Conclusion

Donors with WHO‐I/II PBT appear to have minimal risk of tumour transmission in solid organ transplantation; it is reassuring that no PBT transmission occurred. There is evidence of risk aversion to referrals with WHO‐III/IV tumours. There exists opportunity to improve potential donor risk assessment at the time of referral using integrated data sets, and to increase organ donation and transplantation rates through greater utilization of PBT referrals.
Are active efflux transporters contributing to infant drug exposure via breastmilk? A longitudinal study
Authors: Ahmadzai Hilai , Tee Lisa B. G. , Crowe Andrew
Published: September 2022

Although most drugs are considered safe and compatible with breastfeeding, cases of toxic drug exposure have been reported. Active efflux transporters have been implicated as a mechanism in the transfer of drugs from mother to baby via breastmilk. Using breastmilk as a source of human mammary epithelial cells, this novel longitudinal study investigated the expression of four active transporters, namely, MDR1, MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP in the lactating human breast. BCRP gene was found to be strongly overexpressed with levels peaking at 5 months postpartum, potentially indicating a time where a breastfed infant may be at risk of inadvertent exposure to BCRP substrates. Serum albumin, a major component of human breastmilk was increasingly downregulated as lactation progresses. Xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase, an enzyme in breastmilk attributed to a reduced risk of gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritides, was downregulated. Lysozyme and fatty acid synthase are progressively upregulated. This study also shows that breastmilk‐derived epithelial cells, when propagated in culture, exhibit characteristics significantly different to those derived directly from breastmilk. This serves to warn that in vitro studies are not a true representation of in vivo processes in the lactating breast; hence, application of in vitro data should be conducted with caution.
Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) as treatment response marker for paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: A pilot study
Authors: Zijtregtop Eline A. M. , Diez Claudius , Zwaan C. Michel , Veening Margreet A. , Beishuizen Auke , Meyer‐Wentrup Friederike A. G.
Published: September 2022

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterised by malignant Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg cells located in an inflammatory microenvironment. Blood biomarkers result from active cross‐talk between malignant and non‐malignant cells. One promising biomarker in adult patients with cHL is thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC). We investigated TARC as marker for interim and end‐of‐treatment response in paediatric cHL. In this multicentre prospective study, TARC levels were measured among 99 paediatric patients with cHL before each cycle of chemotherapy and were linked with interim and end‐of‐treatment remission status. TARC levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. At diagnosis, TARC levels were elevated in 96% of patients. Plasma TARC levels declined significantly after one cycle of chemotherapy (p < 0.01 vs. baseline) but did not differ at interim assessment by positron emission tomography (p = 0.31). In contrast, median plasma TARC at end of treatment was significantly higher in three patients with progressive disease compared to those in complete remission (1.226 vs. 90 pg/ml; p < 0.001). We demonstrate that, in paediatric patients, plasma TARC is a valuable response marker at end‐of‐treatment, but not at interim analysis after the first two chemotherapy cycles. Further research is necessary to investigate TARC as marker for long‐term progression free survival.
Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: APOE3 Christchurch homozygote glioprotection
Authors: Henao‐Restrepo Julián , López‐Murillo Carolina , Valderrama‐Carmona Pablo , Orozco‐Santa Natalia , Gomez Johana , Gutiérrez‐Vargas Johanna , Moraga Renato , Toledo Jorge , Littau Jessica Lisa , Härtel Steffen , Arboleda‐Velásquez Joseph F. , Sepulveda‐Falla Diego , Lopera Francisco , Cardona‐Gómez Gloria Patricia , Villegas Andrés , Posada‐Duque Rafael
Published: September 2022

In response to brain insults, astrocytes become reactive, promoting protection and tissue repair. However, astroglial reactivity is typical of brain pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering the heterogeneity of the reactive response, the role of astrocytes in the course of different forms of AD has been underestimated. Colombia has the largest human group known to have familial AD (FAD). This group carries the autosomal dominant and fully penetrant mutation E280A in PSEN1, which causes early‐onset AD. Recently, our group identified an E280A carrier who did not develop FAD. The individual was homozygous for the Christchurch mutation R136S in APOE3 (APOEch). Remarkably, APOE is the main genetic risk factor for developing sporadic AD (SAD) and most of cerebral ApoE is produced by astroglia. Here, we characterized astrocyte properties related to reactivity, glutamate homeostasis, and structural integrity of the gliovascular unit (GVU), as factors that could underlie the pathogenesis or protection of AD. Specifically, through histological and 3D microscopy analyses of postmortem samples, we briefly describe the histopathology and cytoarchitecture of the frontal cortex of SAD, FAD, and APOEch, and demonstrate that, while astrodegeneration and vascular deterioration are prominent in SAD, FAD is characterized by hyperreactive‐like glia, and APOEch displays the mildest astrocytic and vascular alterations despite having the highest burden of Aβ. Notably, astroglial, gliovascular, and vascular disturbances, as well as brain cell death, correlate with the specific astrocytic phenotypes identified in each condition. This study provides new insights into the potential relevance of the gliovasculature in the development and protection of AD. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the components of the GVU in human samples of SAD, FAD, and APOEch.
Glucocorticoids mediate transcriptome‐wide alternative polyadenylation: Potential mechanistic and clinical implications
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Thanh L. , Liu Duan , Gao Huanyao , Ye Zhenqing , Lee Jeong‐Heon , Wei Lixuan , Yu Jia , Zhang Lingxin , Wang Liewei , Ordog Tamas , Weinshilboum Richard M.
Published: September 2022

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a common genetic regulatory mechanism that generates distinct 3′ ends for RNA transcripts. Changes in APA have been associated with multiple biological processes and disease phenotypes. However, the role of hormones and their drug analogs in APA remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated transcriptome‐wide the impact of glucocorticoids on APA in 30 human B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines. We found that glucocorticoids could regulate APA for a subset of genes, possibly by changing the expression of 142 RNA‐binding proteins, some with known APA‐regulating properties. Interestingly, genes with glucocorticoid‐mediated APA were enriched in viral translation‐related pathways, while genes with glucocorticoid‐mediated expression were enriched in interferon and interleukin pathways, suggesting that glucocorticoid‐mediated APA might result in functional consequences distinct from gene expression. For example, glucocorticoids, a pharmacotherapy for severe COVID‐19, were found to change the APA but not the expression of LY6E, an important antiviral inhibitor in coronavirus diseases. Glucocorticoid‐mediated APA was also cell‐type‐specific, suggesting an action of glucocorticoids that may be unique to immune regulation. We also observed evidence for genotype‐dependent glucocorticoid‐mediated APA (referred to as pharmacogenomic‐alterative polyadenylation quantitative trait loci), providing potential functional mechanisms for a series of common genetic variants that had previously been associated with immune disorders, but without a clear mechanism. In summary, this study reports a series of observations regarding the impact of glucocorticoids on APA, raising the possibility that this mechanism might have implications for both disease pathophysiology and drug therapy.
Interdisciplinary treatment of ankylosed upper central incisors with an anterior vertical ridge defect: A case report
Authors: Madureira Davidson Frois , Valentim Gustavo Laignier Lage , da Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Júnior Aécio Abner Campos
Published: September 2022

This case report describes the successful 10‐years interdisciplinary treatment of ankylosed upper central incisors with an anterior vertical ridge defect. This treatment was challenging as ankylosis was present before the growth spurt. Orthodontic treatment in association with decoronation, a xenogeneic bone graft, an autogenous sub‐epithelial connective tissue graft, and implant placement were performed to correct the vertical ridge defect and to re‐establish appropriate function, gingival health, and aesthetics. Decoronation performed during the growth spurt was the key to avoiding alveolar ridge deformity.
Contemporary evaluation of acute myeloid leukemia patients with long‐term survival exceeding 5 years
Authors: Heering Gabriel , Sasson Maya , Dominissini Dan , Shimoni Avichai , Avigdor Abraham , Nagler Arnon , Canaani Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Define clinical and laboratory attributes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with long‐term survival exceeding five years and compare them with AML patients succumbing to disease within 2 years of diagnosis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of AML patients alive at least five years from the time of initial diagnosis. Baseline clinical data were compared with patients who died within 2 years of diagnosis.

Results

The long‐term cohort consisted of 93 patients treated in 2007–2016 with a median follow‐up duration of 7.7 years (range 5–13.6 years). European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 favorable risk patients accounted for 60% of the cohort. All long‐term survivors achieved remission following induction chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that compared with 132 patients experiencing death within 2 years of diagnosis, long‐term survivors were more likely to be of younger age [odds ratio (OR), 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9–0.95; p < 0.001], have a lower initial WBC count (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43–0.79; p = 0.0004), undergo an allogeneic stem cell transplantation (OR, 7.95; 95% CI, 3.07–20.59; p < 0.0001), and harbor favorable risk cytogenetics (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.006–0.23; p = 0.0004).

Conclusions

Long‐term survival of AML is seen in a distinct demographic and biologic patient subset.
Long‐term no‐tillage and rye cover crops affect soil biological indicators on Andosols in a humid, subtropical climate
Authors: Gong Yingting , Li Peiran , Guo Yong , Aso Hiyori , Huang Qiliang , Araki Hajime , Nishizawa Tomoyasu , Komatsuzaki Masakazu
Published: September 2022

The effects of tillage and cover crop management on the physical and chemical properties of soil are well‐documented. However, the responses of soil microbes to long‐term tillage and crop rotation schemes still need clarification. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different tillage and cover crop systems on soil biological indicators and their interactions in Andosols in a humid subtropical climate in Japan. This study was conducted during a field trial established in 2002. The main factors were tillage systems (no‐tillage [NT] and mouldboard ploughing [MP]); the subplot was winter cover crop treatments (bare fallow [FA] and rye [RY]) succeeding summer soya bean. Soil microbial biomass, community and structure, and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock were assessed, as well as soil respiration in the past 2.5 years. Overall, the NT and RY systems increased the soil respiration and SOC stocks relative to those detected in the MP and FA systems. After being differentiated for 18 years, the tillage systems showed a greater influence on the soil microbial community and biomass than cover crop treatments. These tillage systems significantly altered the bacterial alpha diversity (NT > MP) and soil microbial biomasses (NT > MP) based on soil Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate content, substrate‐induced respiration and ergosterol content. The NT and RY treatments stimulated soil respiration by positively affecting plant residue retention, SOC stocks, bacterial alpha diversity, soil microbial biomass in summer, and the relative abundance of organic matter decomposers, such asBacteroidetes‐,Basidiomycota‐andAscomycota‐related species. These results suggest that the NT and RY systems helped improve the soil microbial properties of Andosols in a humid subtropical climate in Japan. However, their potential vulnerability to SOC sequestration due to elevated soil respiration needs further clarification, especially in the context of global warming.

Highlights

Soil microbe responses to agricultural measures on Andosols were studied.

No‐tillage and rye cover crops stimulated soil respiration.

No‐tillage shifted the soil microbial community more than cover crops.

No‐tillage improved the soil organic carbon stock and bacterial alpha diversity.
Solo‐living and childless professional women: Navigating the ‘balanced mother ideal’ over the fertile years
Authors: Wilkinson Krystal , Rouse Julia
Published: September 2022

One in five women are childless at midlife, and for an estimated 90 percent of these women, childlessness is not actively chosen. In this article, we explore how solo‐living and childless professional women navigate the ‘balanced mother ideal’ over their fertile years and what this means for organizations and organization studies. Drawing on biographical narrative interview data from solo‐living professional women in the UK, we argue that identifications with the balanced mother ideal change over the life course as a result of futurity, ambivalence, and suppression of negative emotions—part of the logic of both postfeminism and neoliberal feminism—and the ‘disenfranchized grief’ of contingent childlessness. At the point of late fertility, the absence of alternative social narratives to the balanced mother ideal appears to create a crisis point for childless women, including in the workplace. We conclude our article with recommendations for how organizations can better cater to the needs of this significant, yet largely silenced, demographic group.
Comparison between the impact of tenofovir alafenamide and that of abacavir on rapid kidney function decline: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Hikasa Shinichi , Shimabukuro Shota , Hideta Kyoko , Higasa Satoshi , Sawada Akihiro , Tokugawa Tazuko , Tanaka Kuniyoshi , Yanai Mina , Kimura Takeshi
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To compare the impact of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on the slope of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with that of abacavir in Japanese patients living with HIV infection.

Methods

The participants in this single‐centre, retrospective, observational study were Japanese patients with HIV infection who started antiretroviral therapy with TAF/emtricitabine or abacavir/lamivudine or were switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine to TAF/emtricitabine or abacavir/lamivudine (anchor drugs remained constant) between January 2012 and December 2020. The eGFR slope was defined as the regression coefficient between eGFR and time. The study outcome was rapid kidney function decline (RKFD; eGFR slope < −5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year). The adjusted effect of TAF on the eGFR slope was compared with that of abacavir using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The study included 184 patients (with 2835 eGFR data points). The median duration of exposure to TAF or abacavir was 2.6 years [interquartile range (IQR): 1.7–3.3], and the median eGFR slope was −4.1 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (IQR: −6.4 to −1.2). In all, 72 patients (39%) experienced RKFD. Patients receiving TAF were more likely to experience RKFD (adjusted odds ratio = 3.74) than those receiving abacavir. There was a significant independent association between baseline eGFR and RKFD.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that renal function should be monitored carefully after the initiation of TAF in Japanese patients with HIV infection.
The nature of the Moho beneath fast‐spreading centers: Evidence from the Pacific plate and Oman ophiolite
Authors: Tamura Yoshihiko , Rospabé Mathieu , Fujie Gou , Ohira Akane , Kaneda Kentaro , Nichols Alexander R. L. , Ceuleneer Georges , Sato Tomoki , Kodaira Shuichi , Miura Seiichi , Takazawa Eiichi
Published: September 2022

It is common knowledge that the Moho is the boundary between the crust and the Earth's mantle. Here we show along several seismic profiles through the Pacific Plate that a correlation exists between the strength of Moho reflections, crustal thickness, and water depth. Where the Moho can be detected clearly, the overlying oceanic crust is systematically thicker and the water depths are shallower. We suggest that two end‐members of oceanic crust exist in fast spreading environments: one thick, underlain by a clear Moho; the other thinner, without a Moho; with all intermediate situations. In the Oman ophiolite, the best‐preserved on‐land analogue of fossil oceanic lithosphere created by fast‐spreading, the boundary between the mantle peridotites and the lower crustal gabbros mainly consists of a dunitic transition zone (DTZ) ranging from a few meters to a few hundred meters in thickness. A sudden influx of seawater down to the base of the crust at the mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) results in the hydrous (re‐)melting of mantle peridotites, producing a dunitic residue at the crust–mantle boundary that represents the most reflective Moho. At the same time, the hydrous melting, in addition to the normal decompression melting, beneath the MOR, increases the thickness of the oceanic crust by enhancing magma production. In the absence of hydrous melting, the DTZ is thin or absent at the crust–mantle boundary, and instead the uppermost mantle harzburgite is intruded by gabbros, and/or the overlying crustal gabbro is intruded by numerous wehrlite bodies, which will be seismically gradational.
Preparation and characterization of novel nano‐Al2O3/SiO2‐based composites for energy‐saving
Authors: Liu Jingfei , Li Yuanbing , Yin Bo , Li Shujing , Chen Pan
Published: September 2022

Nano‐porous super thermal insulation composites are an important component in refractory and play a key role in energy‐saving. In this work, we adopt dry preparation technology and high‐temperature sintering and use nano‐Al2O3 and nano‐SiO2 as the main materials to prepare nano‐Al2O3/SiO2‐based composites for a range of performance characterization. According to this study, the as‐prepared nano‐Al2O3/SiO2‐based composites exhibited a high porosity (77.4%–89.6%) and a low thermal conductivity (.06–.134 W/(m k) at 200–800°C). The most striking finding of this study was the nanostructure that was successfully constructed in nano‐Al2O3/SiO2‐based composites and exhibited a well hierarchical aperture distribution. The as‐prepared nano‐Al2O3/SiO2‐based composites could be widely applied in energy‐saving and heat preservation applications.
Longitudinal associations between weight status and academic achievement in primary school children
Authors: Watson Amanda , D'Souza Ninoshka J. , Timperio Anna , Cliff Dylan P. , Okely Anthony D. , Hesketh Kylie D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Evidence for longitudinal associations between childhood weight status and academic achievement remains unclear due to considerable heterogeneity in study design, measures of academic achievement and appropriate categorization of weight status.

Objective

To examine longitudinal associations between childhood weight status (underweight, healthy weight, overweight/obese) and academic achievement in the transition from preschool to primary (elementary) school among Australian school children.

Methods

Data were from the Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years study. Height and weight, for calculating BMI were measured at baseline (preschool age 3–5 years; 2008/9) and follow‐up (primary school age 6–8 years; 2011/12). Academic achievement was measured at age 9 years.

Results

No associations between BMI z‐score or weight category in the preschool years and later NAPLAN scores were found for boys. For girls, having a higher BMI z‐score (B = −13.68, 95%CI: −26.61, −0.76) and being affected by overweight (B = −33.57, 95%CI: −61.50, −5.24) in preschool was associated with lower language scores. Remaining affected by overweight from preschool to primary school was associated with lower numeracy (B = −25.03, 95%CI: −49.74, −0.33), spelling (B = −33.5, 95%CI: −63.43, −3.58), language (B = −37.89, 95%CI: −72.75, −3.03) and total achievement scores (B = −24.24, 95%CI: −44.85, −3.63) among girls. For boys, becoming affected by overweight was associated with lower spelling (B = −38.76, 95%CI: −73.59, −3.93) and total achievement scores (B = −27.70, 95%CI: −54.81, −0.58).

Conclusions

Associations between being affected by overweight/obesity and poorer academic achievement were more pronounced in girls than boys, indicating potentially inequitable impacts of excess weight and highlighting the greater need for intervention among girls. However, stronger study designs are needed to confirm our findings.