bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of low-rise buildings from thin-walled steel frame structures
Authors: Umnova Olga , Tuev Dmitry , Giyasov Timur
Published: August 2018

Addressing sustainable development challenges, Russia is seeking new opportunities for the use of thin-walled cold-cast structures to meet the requirements of cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and rapid construction. The study aims to explore the possibilities of design and calculation of low-rise buildings erected from lightweight thin-walled steel structures using frame construction technology. The design solutions for the roof, walls, floors, and foundation are exemplified using concrete examples. The load capacity off framing studs, roof beams, and floor slabs was calculated. Three methods were used for calculation - Eurocode 3, direct strength test, and ultimate load test in compliance with AISI standards.
Specifics of teaching engineering drawing to foreign students of construction degrees
Authors: Semenova Natalia
Published: August 2018

The paper raises a number of questions helping to understand the difficulties in mastering Engineering Graphics by foreign students. It also provides answers to these questions, based on interviews and polls with foreign students studying at the Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbSUACE). A series of recommendations on organizing the educational process for foreign students studying architecture and civil engineering is provided. The paper considers issues of the availability of specialized literature, conducting additional consultations, organizing monitoring of academic performance, creating special educational groups, organizing an additional introductory course, using multimedia technologies, etc.
Spatial economic effects of the use of local resources: case of cement-bonded wood fiber blocks
Authors: Kolesnikov Nikolai , Kolesnikova Natalia
Published: August 2018

Use of local resources as a replace for resources brought from outside the region impacts the spatial allocation of value-added chains and causes spatial economic effects. Region benefits from multiplier economic effect caused by extra production volumes added within the region. Effects for national economy could be controversial if the replacing production is less efficient. The article considers the case of cement-bonded wood fiber construction blocks to be produced in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Economic multiplier regional effects are assessed applying social accounting matrix approach.
Investigation of light embankment on weak soils
Authors: Kudriavtcev Sergey , Bugunov Semen , Kotenko Zhanna , Pogulyaeva Evgeniya
Published: August 2018

This article describes a technology for the construction of light embankments with an explanation of the scope of use, the constituent materials and key advantages
Ensuring explosion safety of residential buildings
Authors: Gorev Vycheslav
Published: August 2018

Explosions of air - and-gas mixtures in residential buildings – incident dangerous and recently extended. Unlike the production explosive buildings residential buildings are not protected by express requirements. In this work the possibility of protection of these buildings by means of a depressurization through the coming-off apertures is analyzed. These apertures can be closed by windows or express light-weight constructions. In work it is shown that fastenings of these designs in an aperture considerably are reduced by effectiveness of opening of apertures as the incipient state of driving of protective designs does not open space for venting of gases. Explosion pressure at the same time grows as in closed volume and until opening can reach critical value and cause destruction of the protecting and load-bearing frames. By the time of opening of an aperture for venting of gases the Safety design already has sufficient speed, and discovery of the area in that case happens quickly and pressure increases slightly. The main pressure boost happens before destruction of fastening of mild designs and at their driving in an aperture when volume can be considered pressure-tight. Calculations show: that designs with the specific surface density ρp≥30 kg/m2 and depth of seal of ≈0,2 m do not provide protection of residential buildings. The modern windows to double-glazed windows and their fastening are close to these conditions.
Construction of atrium in the Tula Kremlin: history, background and opportunities
Authors: Pastukh Olga , Vaitens Andrey , Golovina Svetlana
Published: August 2018

The possibility of partial renovation of the historical center of Tula – Tula Kremlin is discussed. The formation of atrium space in the North-Western part of the Kremlin is considered. This conversion recreates the lost historical integrity of the ancient ensemble and creates new possibilities of use of the historic center of the ancient Russian town. Initially, the urban space of the Tula Kremlin was limited by a wall, but with the lapse of time, the city went beyond that boundary. Initially, the Kremlin had all the fullness of urban functions, but the majority of these functions have been gradually lost, it evolved primarily in a large public center, and nowadays it has become an object of museum-tourist destination. The concept of "Kremlin" includes as a mandatory component outlined urban space, formation of which complies its own laws in the interaction of many different factors: system of spatial and visual relations, temples, city gates and towers. The reconstruction of historic integrity of ancient ensembles was begun within the framework of the Federal State Program, possible ways of its recovery are considered.
Applied art in the interaction with environmental architecture and urban environment
Authors: Lenh Hung Tu Do
Published: August 2018

Applied art is the synthesis of many science and technologies, production process technology, and it has strong development in many countries all over the world. Applied art products are always present in all shapes and sizes in every urban space and have a strong interaction with the architectural and environmental landscape. A modern civilized city always needs harmonious alignment in the planning of these elements. In many urban areas in Vietnam, the interaction between architectural landscapes, urban environments, and urban beauties was not really taken seriously. It is obvious that the weaknesses in management are directly affecting the urban beauty. The overall picture of the city was not beautiful due to the absence of a head of the urban management. Discussing some solutions to improve the face of urban in Vietnam, it is necessary to clearly define the important role of the urban management levels; enhance the role of architects, artists, designers; build a civilized lifestyle, educate the sense of self-awareness and proper behavior of each urban resident.
Buckling analysis of rod structure of the two-tier dome
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey , Zhuravlev Alexander , Shilov Alexander
Published: August 2018

The paper deals with the problem of calculating the rod structure of a two-tier dome for stability. Such structures consisting of straight rod elements are widely used in practice and have a number of significant advantages. First of all, it is a high rigidity with a low mass. Also, this type of construction is well resistant to dynamic loads. At the same time, the dome model allows for the bifurcation of points on the equilibrium state curve of the system. The problem of the dynamic stability of double dome is solved by the principle of stationarity of total potential energy of the system. The analysis of the obtained solution is carried out, and the equilibrium state diagram for a two-tier core dome is constructed.
Reengineering of the management processes of information support of heat supplying organizations of heating systems of a city
Authors: Verstina Natalia , Evseev Evgeny
Published: August 2018

Changes in management of the heat-supplying organizations of the modern city determined by development of technologies in this sphere are considered in the article. Three groups of technologies are allocated, the priority of the auxiliary technologies considered is given. The author points out that there is the need of the information support of management of the heating systems management in the city, which need fundamental reconsideration and radical redesign. The additional argument of the need of reengineering of the heat supplying organizations management is the consideration of the results of their activity, connected with considerable thermal losses. The key provisions of the offered measures for reengineering, based on the creation of processes of information support of management "from scratch" are described. Negative changes of the performance of the heating systems of concrete types were estimated q, and thanks to that the new integrated approach to the choice of methods and technical means of diagnostics of engineering systems and analytical dependences of determination of terms of repair were offered. Obtaining of qualitatively new information through reengineering measures for making managerial decisions is considered. Scenarios of prospects of energy industry, which have been differentiated as the most realistic or connected with the risk of increase in the stubborn problems, minimized by reengineering, were analyzed.
Service as a function of transport and an activity in the anthropotechnics management
Authors: Chulkov Vitaly
Published: August 2018

Improvement of transport management, automation, modularity, containerization are the main directions for increasing labor productivity and reducing the duration of the transport cycle, not only due to the growth of traffic speeds, but also due to a reduction in downtime in points. At the end of the XX - beginning of the XXI century, significant changes occurred in the economies of developed countries, including Russia. Enterprises began to introduce new methods and technologies for the delivery of goods, based on the concept of integration of transport and logistics, on the development of advanced technology in the field of informatics and communications. The principles of certification of services in transport production, the specifics of transport services and their classification, logistics services, as well as the sequence and methods of system analysis in transport for service are considered.
Formation of the Competences of Social Interaction at the Technical University
Authors: Miloradova Nadezhda , Ishkov Alexander
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the matters of the formation of universal competences as the basis of higher technical education taking into account the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education FSES HE 3+ and FSES HE 3++. The necessity of integration of social and humanitarian disciplines into the process of professional engineering training is proved. The authors describe their work on the development of the training course |Principles of Legislation and Social Interaction in Construction”, which united the disciplines “Psychology”, “Sociology”, “Political science”, “Law”. Authors have suggested to use the concept "Me" as the key element of this course, emphasizing personal responsibility of an individual for the social interaction. The authors present the results of the comparative analyses of the progress of the students, who studied the new course and those, who studied traditional separate disciplines. They prove that the results, gained within the competence approach, are significantly better, than the results, possible in case of the use of the traditional approach.
Evaluation of economic efficiency of the state programme of renovation of residential buildings in Moscow
Authors: Kolobova Svetlana
Published: August 2018

Renovation of housing estate in Moscow is aimed at prevention of growth of the hazardous dwelling in Moscow, development of the housing estate and their improvement. The programme of renovation is adopted for the period up to 2032 and it will allow eliminating the imbalance of development of the urban environment, which is saved up for the last decades, on the other hand it will prevent mass emergency housing estate in Moscow in the next 10-15 years. Updating of the housing estate is to be based on the development of infrastructure, on the creation of additional conditions for human development, on the ecology, providing complex development of the territory according to the modern requirements to the urban environment. The economic efficiency of renovation of the housing estate will be estimated with the use of indicators of increase in the consumer quality of apartments, blocks of flats, residential districts. The method of calculation of economic effect of renovation before delivery of inhabited and non-residential premises for rent is developed for the definition of payback period and the potential monthly cost of the rent after renovation of buildings. The offered method allows estimating the efficiency of organizational actions of the state programme and it is only a part of assessment of the overall economic efficiency. The offered technique of assessment of economic efficiency of renovation will allow making economically reasonable decisions during various stages of city-planning activity: during preliminary preparation, during planning of the territory, during development and the approval of the design and estimate documentation.
Modern system of strategic management of the organizations of fuel-and-energy complex in Russia
Authors: Maksimova Daria
Published: August 2018

Studying the modern legislation and law-enforcement practice allows the author to reveal some relevant problem aspects of the system of strategic management in the organizations of fuel-and-energy complex of the Russian Federation. The increase in the efficiency of the solution of problem aspects can be reached mainly due to the introduction of the integrated approach to the system of the strategic management. The problem aspects of the creation of the general scheme and development of the industry development strategy of the Russian organizations, which are the fundamental prerequisites for the creation of dynamic system of strategic management, were revealed during the research.
Improvement of diagnostics and monitoring in the heat-supplying organizations in the complex of ecological management of urban development
Authors: Verstina Natalia , Tereshkina Tatiana , Evseev Evgeny
Published: August 2018

The directions of the improvement of diagnostics and monitoring processes in the heat-supplying organizations in the conditions of modern urban development are considered in the article. Conditions of obtaining information in the system of monitoring based on various methods of diagnostics of heating systems, taking into account their technical condition, which provide accounting of ecological aspects in management along with traditional maintenance parameters of engineering systems are systematized. The matters of improvement of information quality as the bases for adoption of managerial decisions in the system of ecological management, allowing developing multiple scenarios of development of the heat-supplying organizations taking into account ecological priorities, are considered. The directions of further development of diagnostics and monitoring in the heat-supplying organizations by the means of integration with the system of ecological management, focused on ensuring ecological safety of the heating systems maintenance are defined.
Intelligent analysis in construction management
Authors: Klashanov Fjoder
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to analysis of data mining techniques in a model of construction management. In the construction industry, as a rule, in most cases is incomplete and/or unclear information, so the classical methods of model-building control don't work. In this case, it is advisable to apply some well developed methods of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. The original construction is described by the words of the spoken language, where the sentences are predicates of the first kind. Identifies the parameters that influence the management process in the form of a lexical variable, which is analyzed by methods of the theory of many-valued logic. The results of the analysis are used in building the model administration of construction.
The universities role in the creation of information and consulting technologies of modern agribusiness
Authors: Eremin Dmitry , Skipin Leonid
Published: August 2018

The emergence of many agricultural enterprises of different forms of ownership has led to the need for consulting firms. The proposed solution involves the creation of consulting technology in the field of agribusiness on the basis of specialized universities. The paper presents an analysis of the positive aspects of the use of the scientific potential of the agrarian University in providing farmers with consulting services. The perspective directions of development of consultant technologies are revealed. On the basis of the state agrarian University, the system of rendering services is studied, the most actual directions for an agricultural producer are allocated. It is established that consultations on introduction of results of own research and developmental works on plant growing bring the greatest income-26%; animal husbandry-22%; economy and accounting – 25.3% of the total amount of the income. Creation of consulting departments on the basis of agrarian universities through the system analysis providing interrelation between scientists and the agricultural producer is offered. One of the main functions of such departments will be to collect information on the demand of the producer for certain scientific developments and participate in the formation of research strategy at the University.
Theoretical and methodological aspects of the competence approach to the evaluation of the organization’s personnel
Authors: Bagaeva Irina , Iliashenko Oksana , Borremans Alexandra
Published: August 2018

In the article, from the standpoint of theory and methodology, a competent approach to the evaluation of company personnel is described. The models for assessing the company's personnel from different approaches are presented. The methods used by modern companies for the personnel assessment procedure are highlighted. The meaning of the competence concept and approaches to understanding the essence of the competence concept are given. The concept of competency model is formulated and a variant of this competence model is presented. Deficient moments in the formation of competence models for the evaluation of company personnel were identified.
The mechanism for value formation in a trading enterprise
Authors: Pirogova Оksana , Makarevich Marina
Published: August 2018

Currently, one of the problems in managing the development of trade enterprises is the problem of choosing the type of value and management of this value. This problem can be solved on the basis of the concept of value-based management (VBM). The concept is based on the value of the enterprise, which, in the form of a quantitative integrated assessment, reflects the efficiency of the operation and the prospects for the development of the enterprise, balancing in one measure such important economic categories of microeconomics as profitability, risk and growth rates. The article considers the types of value used in the valuation of trading enterprises and shows that the fundamental value can be used in managing the development of a trading enterprise. The article considers the components of the fundamental value, which include the balance component, the operating component, the investment component, and the component of dynamic flexibility. The fundamental value covers all levels of management of a trading enterprise, both strategic and tactical. As it allows building a developed system of indicators, managers will be made it possible to make well-founded management decisions and contribute to the main task of increasing the value of a trading enterprise. The offered approach allows linking the components of the fundamental value of a trading enterprise with the levels of management of the enterprise and the forms of activity of a trading enterprise.
The mechanism of attracting investments in modernization of public utility facilities
Authors: Teplyshev Vyacheslav , Petrosyan Rima , Spitsov Dmitriy , Smirnov Vitaly , Pushkareva Maria
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical provisions and practical tools for attracting investment resources for the renewal of the fixed assets of the housing and communal services enterprises (hereinafter Housing and Communal Services). In the article the condition and reveals, the trends in the development of the housing and communal services have been analyzed, the forms and methods of the attracting investment resources have been explored, a model for identifying the most priority projects for the reconstruction and renovation of the communal infrastructure have been formed, a mechanism for searching for and attracting extra-budgetary sources of the investment has been developed, and an algorithm for monitoring the effectiveness of the using extra-budgetary sources of the investment has been formed. The research was carried out using a system approach, economic and mathematical modeling, general scientific methods, methods and statistical analysis. The processing of the information obtained through analysis and modeling was carried out using modern methods that support collection procedures.
Perspectives and consequences of implementation and development digital economy
Authors: Alpackaya Irina , Alpackiy Dmitriy
Published: August 2018

In the article, it deals with necessity and consequences of digital economy introduction in modern society life. The strategy of the making “Digital” economy has been seen in the USA, positive and negative sides of the using different approaches of the formation “digital” economy have been analyzed, it’s basic directions in Russian Federation have been represented. Based on the study of the problems and perspectives of the developing digital economy, the conclusion of the necessity to provide the assessment of the scale of the negative impacts and innovations in the possibility of the minimizing them.
Die Psychopathologie der Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard Schule und ihre Bedeutung für die aktuelle Psychiatrie
Authors: Jäger Markus
Published: August 2018

Die Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard Schule stellt historisch eine Gegenströmung zur Psychopathologie im Sinne von Karl Jaspers und Kurt Schneider dar. Sie verfolgte das Ziel, psychopathologische und neurobiologische Aspekte miteinander zu verbinden. Ausgehend vom Modell verschiedener funktioneller neuronaler Systeme, die jeweils im Sinne einer Hypofunktion, Hyperfunktion oder Parafunktion gestört sein können, wurde eine umfangreiche Phänomenologie psychopathologischer Symptome und Syndrome entwickelt, die schließlich in den Verlaufsbeschreibungen von Karl Leonhard gipfelte. Hiervon können auch heute noch wichtige Impulse ausgehen. So können zum einen die hier formulierten neurobiologischen Modelle als Grundlage für weitere Forschungsprojekte dienen. Zum anderen lassen sich die psychopathologischen Krankheitsbeschreibungen möglicherweise auch im Sinne von typologischen Konstrukten interpretieren, die in einer pragmatischen Weise zur klinischen Entscheidungsfindung beitragen können.
Die ärztliche Behandlung aus juristischer Sicht
Authors: Ehlers Alexander , Bitter Horst
Published: August 2018

Das Recht geht nicht allein den Juristen an. Gerade auch dem Arzt müssen die rechtlichen Grundlagen seines Handelns bekannt sein. So findet sich in der aktuellen (Muster-)Weiterbildungsordnung der Bundesärztekammer die Anforderung des Erwerbs von Kenntnissen, Erfahrungen und Fertigkeiten in (…) rechtlichen Grundlagen ärztlichen Handelns als allgemeiner Inhalt der Weiterbildung. Dies legt einen entsprechenden juristischen Beitrag mit Zuschnitt auf die Ärzteschaft nahe.
Iridium/f-Amphox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Styrylglyoxylamides
Authors: Wen Jialin , Zhang Xumu , Wang Simin , Yu Yuena
Published: August 2018

We report an iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation reaction for the preparation of chiral homophenylalanine derivatives. Catalyzed by an iridium/f-amphox complex, the asymmetric hydrogenation of styrylglyoxylamides was conducted smoothly with turnover numbers of up to 10,000 and up to 98% ee. This method was successfully applied in a synthesis of a fragment of benazepril, a drug used for the treatment of high blood pressure.
Assessment in Neurologic Education
Authors: Jones Lyell
Published: August 2018

Neurology trainee assessment is a required component of the education feedback loop, allowing programs and trainees to measure their progress toward established educational goals. In the era of competency-based medical education, assessment systems should be designed to inform decisions about each trainee's acquisition of the many competencies required for independent clinical neurology practice. In addition to the need to inform trainees and programs regarding trainee performance, assessment systems must be equipped to satisfy requirements established by accrediting bodies. Educational goals should be thoughtfully established prior to assessment system design to ensure that assessment priorities align with the overall goal of equipping graduates to deliver high-quality neurologic care. This article provides an overview of modern principles of medical education as they can be applied to neurologic education, complemented by practical recommendations for neurologic educators to develop or improve assessment systems within their own training programs.
Bedside Teaching in Neurology
Authors: Cho Tracey , Dewey Jeffrey
Published: August 2018

The patient's bedside offers an ideal venue for teaching the art of clinical neurology and modeling humanism and professionalism. However, bedside teaching is underutilized in modern medical education, despite evidence that learners desire more. Logistical challenges and lack of teacher confidence are commonly cited reasons, but both can be mitigated with a deliberate approach and sufficient experience. Well-executed bedside teaching can provide lasting lessons for learners while enhancing the patient experience, without affecting the efficiency or quality care delivery. In this review, we discuss the theory and evidence to support the use of bedside teaching, and subsequently delineate a framework for designing and executing effective bedside teaching in neurology.
Becker's Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Cucuzza Maria , Paternò Sara , Catanzaro Stefano , Polizzi Agata , Schepis Carmelo , Lacarrubba Francesco , Micali Giuseppe , Verzì Anna , Pirrone Concetta , Commodari Elena , Zanghì Antonio , Salafia Stefania , Praticò Elena , Pascual-Castroviejo Ignacio , Ruggieri Martino , Attardo Daniele , Praticò Andrea
Published: August 2018

The simultaneous occurrence of a patch of light or dark brown hyperpigmentation with hypertrichosis (Becker's nevus) together with (usually ipsilateral) soft tissues hypoplasia (especially breast, in women) and underlying skeletal anomalies (i.e., vertebral hypoplasia, scoliosis, pectus carinatum or excavatum) represents the Becker's nevus syndrome (BNS) phenotype. It was first described (as a single cutaneous lesion) by Becker in 1949 and then associated with the surrounding musculoskeletal disorders. The syndrome has also been reported as pigmentary hairy epidermal nevus syndrome. Less than 100 cases have been reported in the literature, with a slightly higher incidence in females and only few familiar cases: paradominant postzygotic mutations and/or an androgen-dependent hyperactivation have been reported as the causes of the diseases.

The extracutaneous lesions are congenital and nonprogressive, and the natural history of the Becker's nevus is the same as that of isolated nevi: in prepubertal boys, the pigmentation may be less intense and the hairiness may be absent or mild, as occurs in women, whereas in men, there is an increase of hairiness after puberty. The treatment is essentially cosmetic, and potential therapeutic options include electrolysis, waxing, makeup, or laser.
Magnetic monopoles in noncommutative quantum mechanics 2
Authors: Kováčik Samuel , Prešnajder Peter
Published: August 2018

In this paper we extend the analysis of magnetic monopoles in quantum mechanics in three dimensional rotationally invariant noncommutative space Rλ3. We construct the model step-by-step and observe that physical objects known from previous studies appear in a very natural way. Nonassociativity became a topic of great interest lately, often in connection with magnetic monopoles. Our model does not possess this property by construction.
Correlation of structure with UV-visible spectra by varying SH composition in Au-SH nanoclusters
Authors: Chiriki Siva , Jindal Shweta , Singh Priya , Bulusu Satya S.
Published: August 2018

In the present work, we model artificial neural network (ANN) potentials for Aun(SH)m nanoclusters in the range of n = 10 to n = 38. The accuracy of ANN potentials is tested by comparing the global minimum (GM) structures of Aun(SH)m nanoclusters, at saturated amount of SH, with the earlier reported structures. The GM structures are reported for the first time for nanoclusters with compositions lower than the saturated SH composition. We calculate the probability of low energy isomers to explain the fluxional behaviour of Aun(SH)m nanoclusters at lower SH compositions. Furthermore, we try to correlate the structures of Aun(SH)m nanoclusters with UV-visible spectra based on Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The UV-visible spectral analysis reveals that significant spectroscopic variations are observed at different SH compositions. This study provides a fundamental understanding of structural changes with decreasing SH compositions and with increasing the size of the nanocluster.
Stability of the PMT and RPI for asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds foliated by IMCF
Authors: Allen Brian
Published: August 2018

We study the stability of the positive mass theorem and the Riemannian Penrose inequality in the case where a region of an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold M3 can be foliated by a smooth solution of Inverse Mean Curvature Flow (IMCF) which is uniformly controlled. We consider a sequence of regions of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds UTi⊂Mi3, foliated by a smooth solution to IMCF which is uniformly controlled, and if ∂UTi=Σ0i∪ΣTi and mH(ΣTi)→0, then UTi converges to a topological annulus portion of the hyperbolic space with respect to L2 metric convergence. If instead mH(ΣTi)−mH(Σ0i)→0 and mH(ΣTi)→m>0, then we show that UTi converges to a topological annulus portion of the anti-de Sitter Schwarzschild metric with respect to L2 metric convergence.
Stick-to-sliding transition in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy
Authors: Ma C. , Pfahl V. , Wang Z. , Chen Y. , Chu J. , Phani M. K. , Kumar A. , Arnold W. , Samwer K.
Published: August 2018

Contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) has been used to measure the viscoelastic loss tangent of soft materials such as polymers. Usually, the damping is attributed to the dissipation in the contact volume due to internal friction and air damping of the cantilever. However, partial slip or even full sliding can exist in the contact zone under tangential loading, and thus, the accompanying energy dissipation must be taken into account when measuring the damping constant Qloc−1. Here, the stick-to-sliding transition of the tip-sample contact in CR-AFM was studied. Amplitude drops were observed in the resonance curves caused by such stick-to-sliding transitions. The results show that the stick-to-sliding transition arises under small contact forces and large excitation amplitudes. Extra energy loss from full sliding induces large contact damping. The critical lateral displacement needed for the stick-to-sliding transition varies linearly with the contact radius.
Using multiple x-ray emission images of inertially confined implosions to identify spatial variations and estimate confinement volumes (invited)
Authors: Benedetti Laura Robin , Bradley D. K. , Khan S. F. , Izumi N. , Ma T. , Nagel S. R. , Pak A.
Published: August 2018

We describe two methods to analyze multiple x-ray images of a small, self-emitting object, and we apply these methods to the stagnating hotspots in inertial confinement fusion experiments. The first method, the common integrated profile, can be used to assess and quantify spatial variations in opacity. It is both a simple assessment of consistency and a sophisticated measurement of variations in a region that is otherwise difficult to observe. Second, we present a method to estimate volumes of highly asymmetric objects using multiple images of x-ray emission. The method is based on image intensities and does not require any explicit assumption of symmetry.
Analytic insights into nonlocal energy transport. I. Krook models
Authors: Manheimer Wallace , Colombant Denis , Schmitt Andrew
Published: August 2018

In direct drive laser fusion, nonlocal transport of the more energetic electrons can have at least two potentially important effects. First, the most energetic electrons, furthest out on the tail of the distribution function, can cause preheat of the fuel deep inside the target. Second, nearby the nonlocal deposition of less energetic electrons can spread out the ablation layer, possibly having a stabilizing effect on the Rayleigh Taylor instability. This sequence of two papers treats two different methods of modeling nonlocal transport. For about 20 years, these phenomena have been treated with a Krook model for the electron collisions. However, different versions have given different results, especially as regards preheat. Our first paper attempts to analyze the various reasons for discrepancies and correct errors and derives a variety of simple formulas to evaluate preheat. The second paper offers, for the first time, a steady state, nonlocal method of using the Fokker Planck equation to evaluate the nonlocal transport and deposition of energetic electrons deposited by some mechanism, at some particular point in the plasma. Regarding ablation surface broadening, the two models are not very different; but regarding preheat, the Fokker Planck model gives orders of magnitude less. This is a very optimistic result for a direct drive laser fusion.
Broadband optomechanical transduction of nanomagnetic spin modes
Authors: Kim P. H. , Fani Sani F. , Freeman M. R. , Davis J. P.
Published: August 2018

The stable vortex state that occurs in micron-scale magnetic disks is one of the most interesting and potentially useful phenomena in nanomagnetism. A variety of tools have been applied to study the vortex state and collective spin excitations corresponding to harmonic motion of the vortex, but to-date, these tools either have measured strongly driven vortex resonances or have been unable to simultaneously measure static properties such as the magnetization. Here, we show that by combining the sensitivity of cavity optomechanics with the technique of torque-mixing magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we are able to measure the magnetization, in-plane susceptibility, and spin resonances of individual vortices in the low-drive limit. These measurements demonstrate the complex behavior of the vortex as it moves through the pinning landscape of the disk. Furthermore, we observe gyrotropic resonances as high as 1.1 GHz, suggesting the use of engineered defects for applications such as microwave-to-optical wavelength conversion.
Analytic insights into nonlocal energy transport. II. Combined steady state Fokker Planck and Krook theory
Authors: Manheimer Wallace , Colombant Denis , Schmitt Andrew
Published: August 2018

In a direct drive laser fusion, nonlocal transport of the more energetic electrons can have at least two potentially important effects. First, the most energetic electrons, furthest out on the tail of the distribution function can cause preheat of the fuel deep inside the target. Second, nearby the nonlocal deposition of less energetic electrons can spread out the ablation layer, possibly having a stabilizing effect on the Rayleigh Taylor instability. This sequence of two papers treats two different methods of modeling nonlocal transport. For about 20 years, these phenomena have been treated with a Krook model for the electron collisions. However, different versions have given different results, especially as regards preheat. Our first paper attempts to analyze the various reasons for discrepancies, correct errors, and derives a variety of simple formula to evaluate preheat. The second paper offers, for the first time, a steady state, nonlocal method of using the Fokker Planck equation to evaluate the nonlocal transport and deposition of energetic electrons deposited by some mechanism, at some particular point in the plasma. Regarding ablation surface broadening, the two models are not very different; but regarding preheat, the Fokker Planck model gives orders of magnitude less. This is a very optimistic result for the direct drive laser fusion.
Lowering interface state density in carbon nanotube thin film transistors through using stacked Y2O3/HfO2 gate dielectric
Authors: Xu Lin , Gao Ningfei , Zhang Zhiyong , Peng Lian-Mao
Published: August 2018

Wafer-scale fabrication of transistors is the prerequisite for practical applications of carbon nanotube (CNT) based electronics. In this work, we fabricated top-gated thin film transistors (TFTs) based on solution-derived CNT film prepared on a 2 in. substrate through a photolithography based process. In particular, we improved the gate dielectric layer in CNT TFTs through using a thin thermal oxidized Y2O3 film as a buffer layer before the growth of high-κHfO2 layer. The introduction of the Y2O3 film significantly enhanced the performance of CNT TFTs, including the improved on-state current and transconductance, lowered threshold voltage and subthreshold swing, and drastically enhanced carrier mobility, owing to the reduction of the interface state density and scattering centers. Quantitative extraction of the interface state density based on either capacitance-voltage measurements or subthreshold swing data further demonstrates that the introduction of the Y2O3 interlayer reduces the interface state density from 9.24 × 1012 cm−2 to 4.63 × 1012 cm−2 in the gate insulator.
Second virial coefficient properties of the n-m Lennard-Jones/Mie potential
Authors: Sadus Richard J.
Published: August 2018

The second virial coefficient (B), Boyle temperature (TB), and temperature maximum (Tmax) are determined for the n-m Lennard-Jones/Mie (LJ/M) potential. The full range of n, m behavior is investigated between the 5-4 LJ/M, hard sphere (n = ∞) + attractive (m ≥ 4) term (HSAm), and hard sphere potential limits. The (n = m + 1)-m LJ/M potential has an important role in characterising the overall behavior of second virial coefficient properties. Different TB, Tmax behavior is observed for n(constant)-m LJ/M and n-m(constant) LJ/M potentials. In the former case, there are two distinct linear (5 ≤ n ≤ 30) and non-linear regions (n > 30). In the latter case, there is a minimum in Tmax in two distinct non-linear regions (4 ≤ m ≤ 34 and 35 ≤ m ≤ 150) followed by a maximum TB region (m ≥ 151). Analytical relationships for some of the behavior are determined and numerical values of TB for a range of n and m values are reported. Molecular simulation data are used to determine simple relationships between TB and both the critical temperature and triple point temperature for the special case of the n-6 LJ/M potential.
Enhancement of thermoelectric figure of merit by the insertion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in α-MgAgSb
Authors: Lei Jingdan , Zhang De , Guan Weibao , Ma Zheng , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Chao , Wang Yuanxu
Published: August 2018

Hybrid materials provide an efficient alternative route on improving the thermoelectric performance compared with doping elements. Especially, the insertion of carbon nanotubes plays an effective role in modulating the electrical transport properties and phonon scattering simultaneously. We fabricated a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) doped α-MgAgSb-based hybrid material and researched its thermoelectric properties in detail. The introduced MWCNTs enhanced carrier transport due to the metallic character of MWCNTs and phonon dispersion by the additional interfaces of insertions. The results showed that the electrical conductivity in α-MgAgSb/CNTs was remarkably enhanced especially at MgAg0.97Sb0.99/0.15 wt. % CNTs boosting to 1.6 times than that of CNTs-free MgAg0.97Sb0.99. In addition, the thermal conductivity(κ0.1) of MgAg0.97Sb0.99/0.1 wt. % CNTs was reduced to 0.85 κ0. As a result, the ZT value at room temperature was efficiently improved from 0.55 to 0.83, 1.5 times higher, and a high ZT value of 1.05 at 375 K was obtained. In addition, the dimensionless material factor B* increased from 0.98 to 1.49 at the doping level of 0.1 wt. % CNTs at 300 K, which revealed that MWCNTs significantly enhanced the thermoelectric performance of α-MgAgSb.
Ultrafast trans-cis photoisomerization of the neutral chromophore in green fluorescent proteins: Surface-hopping dynamics simulation
Authors: Gao Aihua , Wang Meishan , Ding Junxia
Published: August 2018

Reversible photoswitching fluorescent protein can reversibly switch between on-state (fluorescent) and off-state (dark). Anionic cis and neutral trans chromophores are the on- and off-states in green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), respectively. We investigated the ultrafast trans-cis photoisomerization mechanisms of the neutral GFP chromophore upon excitation to the S1 state by means of surface-hopping dynamics simulations based on the Zhu-Nakamura theory. Two trans isomers, located in the S0 state, were taken into consideration in dynamics simulation. After these two trans isomers are excited to the S1 state, the molecule moves to a excited-state minimum by increasing the imidazolinone-bridge bond length and decreasing the phenol-bridge bond length. The twist of imidazolinone-bridge bond drives the molecule toward a conical intersection, and internal conversion occurs. Then, a cis or trans conformer will be obtained in the S0 state. The torsion around the imidazolinone-bridge bond plays a key role in the ultrafast photoisomerization of a neutral chromophore. The torsional motion around the phenol-bridge bond is restricted in the S1 state, while it may occur in the S0 state. The isomerization reaction of this molecule is predicted to be not sensitive to solvent viscosity, and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations indicate that the fast excited-state decay from the Franck-Condon region of the trans isomer to the excited-state minimum was almost independent of solvent polarity.
Forming desired polymer patterns through spatial-modulated ionic wind
Authors: Zheng Huai , Hu Qun , Song Yuansheng , Ge Lurong , Zhou Shangru , Liu Xiaowei , Liu Sheng
Published: August 2018

Patterning polymer films is of significant interest for a broad range of applications. In this paper, a method of patterning polymer films is proposed, which is based on the liquid polymer film flow actuated by ionic wind. We placed the mask in ionic wind which can be modulated spatially. Under such conditions of spatial-modulated ionic winds, the liquid polymer presents different flow regimes, the morphologies of which duplicate the masks of different shapes. The patterning mechanism was investigated through numerical simulations. Different masks, such as line strips, serpentine-shaped stripes, and nuts, were adopted to manipulate the polymer-patterns with the presented method. The different polymer patterns were solidified and characterized, which verifies the feasibility of the methods for the formation of different complex polymer patterns.
Laboratory-based microscope gets new magnetic imaging modes
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: August 2018

Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis — SEMPA — has been modified to produce dynamic images and a better signal-to-noise ratio.
Microscopy techniques demystify secrets of twin domains in methylammonium lead iodide
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: August 2018

Ferroelasticity is found at the heart of a photovoltaic material’s ability to form twin domains, offering a potential way for controlling ion migration.
Macro developments in the China and Southeast Asia beef sector
Authors: Waldron Scott , Pham Luong , Smith Dominic , Hieu Phan Sy , Xiaoxia Dong , Brown Colin
Published: August 2018

The ‘international livestock revolution’ (ILR) literature has documented an increase in livestock production in developing countries over the past 40 years that has not kept pace with consumption, leading to increased prices and trade. These trends were forecast to increase into the future, with important implications for development, agribusiness and policy in developing countries. The trends have unfolded as forecast in the dynamic and diverse China and Southeast Asia region, but to a much greater extent than forecast and in ways that could not have been foreseen. The present study revises official statistics and incorporates data on informal trade flows to show that the gap between consumption and production, as well as trade flows both within the region and into it, are much higher than has been officially reported. It draws on a large range of secondary and primary data to investigate the drivers of change, including reasons for lagged production responses to price growth in terms of cattle numbers, and higher than officially reported productivity indicators.
Species composition, abundance and seasonal recruitment patterns of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) to Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, in the western South Pacific
Authors: Hewavitharane C. A. , Pickering T. D. , Ciro R. , Mochioka N.
Published: August 2018

To understand the inshore recruitment mechanisms of tropical eels (Anguilla spp.), we collected 1368 glass eels at the mouth of a small river at Namelimeli, ~2km east of Navua Town, Fiji Islands, between April 2015 and June 2016. Specimens were identified using both morphological characters and DNA barcoding to only three species: one short-finned Anguilla obscura and two long-finned eels A. marmorata and A. megastoma. Anguilla obscura was the most abundant species (55% of glass eels collected) with peak recruitment periods from February to April. Anguilla marmorata was the second most abundant species (41.4% of glass eels collected) with peak recruitment periods in April 2015 and September–October 2015. Anguilla megastoma only comprised 3.9% of glass eels collected, with peak recruitment periods in April 2015 and October 2015. Anguilla obscura and A. marmorata were present in samples almost throughout the year, suggesting that tropical eels recruit to some degree throughout the year. Results suggest that peak recruitment occurs during seasons of heavy rain, from September to October and from February to April commencing 1h after sunset on the day following a new moon.
Viral genetic diversity and protective efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in two phase 3 trials
Authors: Juraska Michal , Magaret Craig A. , Shao Jason , Carpp Lindsay N. , Fiore-Gartland Andrew J. , Benkeser David , Girerd-Chambaz Yves , Langevin Edith , Frago Carina , Guy Bruno , Jackson Nicholas , Duong Thi Hue Kien , Simmons Cameron P. , Edlefsen Paul T. , Gilbert Peter B.
Published: August 2018

Significance

Dengue virus (DENV) vaccine development is complicated by the existence of four genetically diverse DENV serotypes. A high degree of antigenic match between vaccine strains and circulating DENVs may be important to achieve high vaccine efficacy (VE). Using data from two phase 3 trials of the CYD-TDV vaccine, we assessed whether and how VE against virologically confirmed dengue varied with amino acid sequence characteristics and genotypes of the disease-causing DENVs. VE decreased with the degree of amino acid dissimilarity between the vaccine insert and disease-causing DENVs. After accounting for differential VE by serotype, this effect seemed to occur only for younger children, who also had lower baseline seropositivity and potentially a less broadly protective immune response.