bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An RNAi-Based Candidate Screen for Modifiers of the CHD1 Chromatin Remodeler and Assembly Factor in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kim Sharon , Bugga Lakshmi , Hong Eugenie S , Zabinsky Rebecca , Edwards Rebecca G , Deodhar Parimal A , Armstrong Jennifer A
Published: December 2015

The conserved chromatin remodeling and assembly factor CHD1 (chromodomains, helicase, DNA-binding domain) is present at active genes where it participates in histone turnover and recycling during transcription. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the mechanism of action of CHD1 during development, we created a novel genetic assay in Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate potential functional interactions between CHD1 and other chromatin factors. We found that overexpression of CHD1 results in defects in wing development and utilized this fully penetrant and reliable phenotype to conduct a small-scale RNAi-based candidate screen to identify genes that functionally interact with chd1 in vivo. Our results indicate that CHD1 may act in opposition to other remodeling factors, including INO80, and that the recruitment of CHD1 to active genes by RTF1 is conserved in flies.
Genomic Prediction Accounting for Residual Heteroskedasticity
Authors: Ou Zhining , Tempelman Robert J , Steibel Juan P , Ernst Catherine W , Bates Ronald O , Bello Nora M
Published: December 2015

Whole-genome prediction (WGP) models that use single-nucleotide polymorphism marker information to predict genetic merit of animals and plants typically assume homogeneous residual variance. However, variability is often heterogeneous across agricultural production systems and may subsequently bias WGP-based inferences. This study extends classical WGP models based on normality, heavy-tailed specifications and variable selection to explicitly account for environmentally-driven residual heteroskedasticity under a hierarchical Bayesian mixed-models framework. WGP models assuming homogeneous or heterogeneous residual variances were fitted to training data generated under simulation scenarios reflecting a gradient of increasing heteroskedasticity. Model fit was based on pseudo-Bayes factors and also on prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values computed on a validation data subset one generation removed from the simulated training dataset. Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous residual variance WGP models were also fitted to two quantitative traits, namely 45-min postmortem carcass temperature and loin muscle pH, recorded in a swine resource population dataset prescreened for high and mild residual heteroskedasticity, respectively. Fit of competing WGP models was compared using pseudo-Bayes factors. Predictive ability, defined as the correlation between predicted and observed phenotypes in validation sets of a five-fold cross-validation was also computed. Heteroskedastic error WGP models showed improved model fit and enhanced prediction accuracy compared to homoskedastic error WGP models although the magnitude of the improvement was small (less than two percentage points net gain in prediction accuracy). Nevertheless, accounting for residual heteroskedasticity did improve accuracy of selection, especially on individuals of extreme genetic merit.
Mitochondrial–Nuclear Epistasis Impacts Fitness and Mitochondrial Physiology of InterpopulationCaenorhabditis briggsaeHybrids
Authors: Chang Chih-Chiun , Rodriguez Joel , Ross Joseph
Published: December 2015

In order to identify the earliest genetic changes that precipitate species formation, it is useful to study genetic incompatibilities that cause only mild dysfunction when incompatible alleles are combined in an interpopulation hybrid. Such hybridization within the nematode species Caenorhabditis briggsae has been suggested to result in selection against certain combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial alleles, raising the possibility that mitochondrial–nuclear (mitonuclear) epistasis reduces hybrid fitness. To test this hypothesis, cytoplasmic–nuclear hybrids (cybrids) were created to purposefully disrupt any epistatic interactions. Experimental analysis of the cybrids suggests that mitonuclear discord can result in decreased fecundity, increased lipid content, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. Many of these effects were asymmetric with respect to cross direction, as expected if cytoplasmic–nuclear Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities exist. One such effect is consistent with the interpretation that disrupting coevolved mitochondrial and nuclear loci impacts mitochondrial function and organismal fitness. These findings enhance efforts to study the genesis, identity, and maintenance of genetic incompatibilities that precipitate the speciation process.
ThewavyMutation Maps to theInositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Kinase 2(IP3K2) Gene ofDrosophilaand Interacts withIP3Rto Affect Wing Development
Authors: Dean Derek M , Maroja Luana S , Cottrill Sarah , Bomkamp Brent E , Westervelt Kathleen A , Deitcher David L
Published: December 2015

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) regulates a host of biological processes from egg activation to cell death. When IP3-specific receptors (IP3Rs) bind to IP3, they release calcium from the ER into the cytoplasm, triggering a variety of cell type- and developmental stage-specific responses. Alternatively, inositol polyphosphate kinases can phosphorylate IP3; this limits IP3R activation by reducing IP3 levels, and also generates new signaling molecules altogether. These divergent pathways draw from the same IP3 pool yet cause very different cellular responses. Therefore, controlling the relative rates of IP3R activation vs. phosphorylation of IP3 is essential for proper cell functioning. Establishing a model system that sensitively reports the net output of IP3 signaling is crucial for identifying the controlling genes. Here we report that mutant alleles of wavy (wy), a classic locus of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, map to IP3 3-kinase 2 (IP3K2), a member of the inositol polyphosphate kinase gene family. Mutations in wy disrupt wing structure in a highly specific pattern. RNAi experiments using GAL4 and GAL80ts indicated that IP3K2 function is required in the wing discs of early pupae for normal wing development. Gradations in the severity of the wy phenotype provide high-resolution readouts of IP3K2 function and of overall IP3 signaling, giving this system strong potential as a model for further study of the IP3 signaling network. In proof of concept, a dominant modifier screen revealed that mutations in IP3R strongly suppress the wy phenotype, suggesting that the wy phenotype results from reduced IP4 levels, and/or excessive IP3R signaling.
SAGA DUB-Ubp8 Deubiquitylates Centromeric Histone Variant Cse4
Authors: Canzonetta Claudia , Vernarecci Stefano , Iuliani Michele , Marracino Cristina , Belloni Claudia , Ballario Paola , Filetici Patrizia
Published: December 2015

Aneuploidy, the unbalanced segregation of chromosomes during cell division, is recurrent in many tumors and the cause of birth defects and genetic diseases. Centromeric chromatin represents the chromosome attachment site to the mitotic spindle, marked by specialized nucleosomes containing a specific histone variant, CEN-H3/Cse4, in yeast. Mislocalization of Cse4 outside the centromere is deleterious and may cause aberrant chromosome behavior and mitotic loss. For this reason, ubiquitylation by the E3-ubiquitin ligase Psh1 and subsequent proteolysis tightly regulates its restricted localization. Among multiproteic machineries, the SAGA complex is not merely engaged in acetylation but also directly involved in deubiquitylation. In this study, we investigated the role of SAGA-DUB’s Ubp8-driven deubiquitylation of the centromeric histone variant Cse4 in budding yeast. We found that Ubp8 works in concert with the E3-ubiquitin ligase Psh1, and that its loss causes defective deubiquitylation and the accumulation of a short ubiquitin oligomer on Cse4. We also show that lack of Ubp8 and defective deubiquitylation increase mitotic instability, cause faster Cse4 proteolysis and induce mislocalization of the centromeric histone outside the centromere. Our data provide evidence for a fundamental role of DUB-Ubp8 in deubiquitylation and the stability of the centromeric histone in budding yeast.
Comomentos de ordem superior no apreçamento de ativos na bolsa de valores do Brasil
Authors: Da Gama Silva Paulo Vitor Jordão , Klotzle Marcelo Cabus , Figueiredo Pinto Antonio Carlos
Published: December 2015

Este estudo busca identificar o comportamento da assimetria sistêmica (coassimetria) e da curtose sistêmica (cocurtose) no apreçamento de ativos no mercado acionário brasileiro (na BM&F Bovespa). Foi utilizada a metodologia explorada por Harvey e Siddique (2000) para estimar o grau de coassimetria e cocurtose para as ações em cada mês t, seguindo a regressão CAPM. O modelo de três fatores foi utilizado segundo a metodologia de Fama e French (1993) com modificações para o cálculo dos fatores seguindo a metodologia explorada por Neves (2003). Os resultados demonstram que para o mercado brasileiro, os ativos com coassimetria e cocurtose negativas tendem a render mais do que ativos com coassimetria e cocurtose positivas. Segundo observações no mercado americano e londrino, como os investidores esperam maiores retornos por um maior risco, foi constatado preferência por coassimetria negativa e cocurtose positiva. No Brasil foi constatado que para o caso da coassimetria o mesmo se repete, porém para a cocurtose isso não acontece, ocorre o inverso, o que pode levar a conclusão de um comportamento tipicamente avesso ao risco.
Gestão de Relacionamento com os Fornecedores: uma revisão com enfoque na integração entre Logística e Produção
Authors: Garcia Franciele da Silva , Da Silva Andrea Lago , Pereira Carla Roberta
Published: December 2015

Integrar informações relacionadas ao planejamento, decisões e processos dentro e entre empresas é um dos grandes desafios enfrentados pelas empresas na atualidade. Tanto a integração interna (entre as funções) quanto a externa (entre clientes e fornecedores) buscam maximizar o valor adicionado aos clientes e minimizar o esforço envolvido para obtenção de tal integração. Entretanto, identificar quais atividades demandam maior integração entre determinadas funções e o que pode ser obtido em termos de resultados a partir disso, nem sempre é algo fácil de se conseguir dentro das empresas e no relacionamento entre elas. Este artigo teve como objetivo compreender como a integração interfuncional entre Logística e Produção influencia nas atividades de gestão de relacionamento com o fornecedor (GRF). Como metodologia, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, seguida de uma análise crítica dos trabalhos selecionados para identificar, de forma estruturada, como essas funções participam nas principais atividades deste processo. Como principais conclusões, percebeu-se que ao integrar as atividades de Logística e Produção, notam-se melhorias na gestão de relacionamento com o fornecedor, tanto no compartilhamento de informações sobre especificações estratégicas de suprimentos (como por exemplo, momento e sequência adequados), quanto na eficiência nos fluxos de informações e materiais, atendendo demandas dos clientes em termos de qualidade, quantidade, custo e tempo.
Avaliação de sistemas de informações com foco na satisfação dos usuários: um estudo desenvolvido na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte – MG
Authors: De Souza Antônio Artur , Alves André de Sousa , Da Silva Dirceu , Alves Lorena Gouvea , Avelar Ewerton Alex , Lara Amanda Lucchesi
Published: December 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em organizações da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte – MG e que teve os objetivos: (a) avaliar os sistemas de informações (SIs) utilizados pelas organizações; (b) avaliar as informações fornecidas pelos SIs; e (c) avaliar a satisfação dos usuários dos SIs. A pesquisa foi baseada em um questionário aplicado em 335 usuários de diversos sistemas em 161 empresas. Foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas de análise: (i) Estatística descritiva; (ii) Análise Fatorial Exploratória; (iii) Teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (iv) Análise de variância (ANOVA); e (v) Teste de Tukey. Os principais resultados encontrados foram que os usuários classificaram, em média, como “bons” todos os atributos avaliados dos SIs e das informações fornecidas por eles. Ademais, os usuários com maior satisfação em relação ao SI tenderam a responder positivamente os atributos avaliados.
The Use of Connected Masks for Reconstructing the Single Particle Image from X-Ray Diffraction Data. II. The Dependence of the Accuracy of the Solution on the Sampling Step of Experimental Data
Authors: Lunina N.L. , Petrova T.E. , Urzhumtsev A.G. , Lunin V.Y.
Published: December 2015

Advances in the methodology of the X-ray diffraction experiments leads to a possibility to register the rays scattered by large isolated biological particles
(viruses and individual cells) but not only by crystalline samples. The experiment with an isolated particle provides researchers with the intensities of
the scattered rays for the continuous spectrum of scattering vectors. Such experiment gives much more experimental data than an experiment with a crystalline
sample where the information is limited to a set of Bragg reflections. This opens up additional opportunities in solving underlying problem of X-ray
crystallography, namely, calculating phase values for the scattered waves needed to restore the structure of the object under study. In practice, the original
continuous diffraction pattern is sampled, reduced to the values at grid points in the space of scattering vectors (in the reciprocal space). The sampling
step determines the amount of the information involved in solving the phase problem and the complexity of the necessary calculations. In this paper,
we investigate the effect of the sampling step on the accuracy of the phase problem solution obtained by the method proposed earlier by the authors.
It is shown that an expected improvement of the accuracy of the solution with the reducing the sampling step continues even after crossing the Nyquist
limit defined as the inverse of the double size of the object under study.
Inteligência e rendimento escolar: Implicações para a sala de aula || Intelligence and school performance in childhood: Implications for the classroom
Authors: Alves Ana Filipa
Published: December 2015

A inteligência é um dos conceitos mais estudados e simultaneamente mais controversos na área da investigação em psicologia, mantendo uma importância destacada no âmbito escolar pela associação aos processos básicos da cognição e da aprendizagem, e, por esta via, ao sucesso escolar dos alunos. Baseado numa pesquisa e reflexão atual sobre o estado da arte do tema, este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para a discussão em torno de três eixos temáticos: (i) conceito e estrutura da inteligência; (ii) sua relação com variáveis sociofamiliares, assumindo neste caso a inteligência como dimensão psicológica moldada pelas variáveis contextuais do desenvolvimento psicossocial dos indivíduos; e (iii) seu impacto na aprendizagem e no rendimento académico de crianças e adolescentes. Defendendo-se que a inteligência é variável imprescindível à aprendizagem, mesmo que não suficiente, este artigo termina, numa lógica otimista, apontando algumas formas de rentabilização e promoção das habilidades cognitivas dos alunos por parte do sistema educativo.
Perceções de obstáculos à criatividade em universitários de diferentes áreas curriculares e níveis de graduação || Perceptions of obstacles to creativity with university students from different subject areas and grade levels
Authors: Morais Maria de Fátima , Almeida Leandro S.
Published: December 2015

As características da atualidade exigem que se seja criativo e inovador. Todo o indivíduo pode rentabilizar intencionalmente seu potencial criativo, podendo e devendo a universidade ter um papel importante nesse desenvolvimento. Porém, observam-se perceções de barreiras à expressão criativa em alunos universitários, apesar de existir muito pouca investigação acerca do tema. Neste estudo, quis-se então analisar perceções de barreiras à criatividade em estudantes universitários portugueses, tomando 582 alunos de três áreas curriculares (Artes e Humanidades; Ciências e Tecnologias; Ciências Sociais e Humanas) e dois níveis de graduação (licenciatura e mestrado). Usou-se o Inventário de Barreiras Pessoais à Expressão Criativa, adaptado à realidade portuguesa. Foram avaliadas diferenças, considerando os fatores do inventário, mas também os seus itens numa análise mais detalhada. Encontraram-se diferenciações nos fatores para a área curricular e, no caso dos itens, para as duas variáveis estudadas. Algumas reflexões são feitas no sentido de repensar práticas no quotidiano académico.
Belief in rehabilitation and social reinsertion of prisoners is positive factor for occupational health of correctional employees
Authors: Clemente Miguel , Reig-Botella Adela , Coloma Raúl
Published: December 2015

Published works demonstrate that faith in the possibility of inmate rehabilitation and social reinsertion is a positive factor for the occupational health of correctional employees, by preventing burnout syndrome. The present study investigates the effects of attitude regarding inmate rehabilitation and social reinsertion on the psychosocial health of correctional employees. 536 correctional employees from Peruvian prisons participated in the study. We collected personal information and work descriptions and assessed the employees for burnout syndrome, work satisfaction, problems conciliating work and family life, role conflict, and role ambiguity. We found that correctional employees who believed that inmate rehabilitation and social reinsertion was possible had better occupational health: increased job satisfaction, lower burnout, and greater conciliation between work and family life. However, these employees also experienced greater role ambiguity and role conflict, which decreases psychosocial health. The three variables that predicted a positive attitude towards inmate rehabilitation and reinsertion were job satisfaction, negative work-family interaction, and role ambiguity. Need for programs that clearly define the tasks of correctional workers in order to prevent role ambiguity are discussed.
Artificial vascularized scaffolds for 3D-tissue regeneration — a report of the ArtiVasc 3D Project
Authors: Bibb Richard , Nottrodt Nadine , Gillner Arnold
Published: December 2015

The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the ArtiVasc 3D project and its findings. Vascularization is one of the most important and highly challenging issues in the development of soft tissue. It is necessary to supply cells with nutrition within a multilayer tissue, for example in artificial skin. Research on artificial skin is driven by an increasing demand for two main applications. Firstly, for the field of regenerative medicine, the aim is to provide patients with implants or grafts to replace damaged soft tissue after traumatic injuries or ablation surgery. Secondly, another aim is to substitute expensive and ethically disputed pharmaceutical tests on animals by providing artificial vascularized test beds to simulate the effect of pharmaceuticals into the blood through the skin. This paper provides a perspective on ArtiVasc 3D, a major European Commission funded project that explored the development of a full thickness, vascularized artificial skin. The paper provides an overview of the aims and objectives of the project and describes the work packages and partners involved. The most significant results of the project are summarized and a discussion of the overall success and remaining work is given. We also provide the journal papers resulting from the project.
Character association and path coefficient analysis for yield, yield attributes and water use efficieny traits in grounndut (Arachis hypogaea L.) - A review
Authors: John* K. , Reddy1 P. Raghava , Reddy2 P. Hariprasad , Sudhakar P. , Reddy2 N.P. Eswar
Published: December 2015

Correlation analysis provides useful information for basis of selection for trait like pod and seed yield. Seed yield is the most economic as well as very complex character in nature because it is governed by polygene and greatly influenced by environmental factors. The estimate of genotypic correlation coefficients in general higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlations indicating strong inherent association among the traits. Pod yield in groundnut is a complex and depends upon the interplay of number of components attributes. Primary yield components of groundnut viz., pod size, sound mature kernels, shelling percentage, 100 kernel weight, kernel yield and number of mature pods per plant showed positive correlation with each other and with pod yield. A clear picture of contribution of each component is the final expression of character would emerge through the study of correlation and causation of path concept revealing different ways in which component attributes influence the complex traits. Path coefficient analysis helps in formulating the selection criteria based on these direct and indirect effects. In order to achieve the goal of increased production by increasing the yield potential of crop, knowledge of direction and magnitude of association between various traits is essential for plant breeders.
Adaptation and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle: Myths and realities in Indian condition -A review
Authors: Mahajan Sumit , Papang Janailin S. , Singh Shivraj , Datta K. K.
Published: December 2015

The anticipated climate change will adversely affect the productivity of livestock directly due to increased heat stress, indirectly it will affect the livestock by causing feed and fodder shortages, reducing biodiversity, water availability and increasing the incidences of vector-borne livestock diseases. On the other hand, the livestock keeping farm households mainly small farm households will be affected directly as they rear livestock for their livelihood. Interestingly, over the years, the livestock keeping households have increased at a tremendous rate for the small and marginal, medium and semimedium farm household categories as they reduce the risk arising from extreme climate conditions. So, it becomes imperative to adopt adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of climate change on livestock given their importance in smallholder farmers’ livelihood in India. Some of researchers in past have recommended certain adaptation and mitigation strategies for reducing the climate change impact on livestock. But, are these adaptation and mitigation strategies applicable or viable in the context of smallholder farmers in India? This remains an unsolved puzzle. This paper tries to demystify certain myths associated with these strategies as well as explore the ground realities. The present policy of indiscriminate crossbreeding of local cattle with exotic cattle should be reviewed and reoriented for smallholder dairy farmer especially, in dry and rainfed regions where there is scarcity of fodder and water which are required heavily by crossbred cattle. The study clearly reflects that the adaptation research should be country specific as the strategies suitable for one country may not be viable for the others as there is considerable difference in local conditions of different countries.
Minor millets as model system to study C4 photosynthesis - A review
Authors: Vivitha P. , Vijayalakshmi* D.
Published: December 2015

C4 photosynthesis is the primary mode of carbon capture and drives productivity in several major food crops and bio-energy grasses. Gains in productivity associated with C4 photosynthesis include improved water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Within grasses rice and brachypodium are used as model species. Since these two crops are using C3 photosynthesis for their growth and development, it cannot be used as model for to study C4 photosynthesis. In order to characterize the evolutionary innovations and to provide genomic insight into crop improvement for the many important crop species, a new genomic and genetic model species is required. Minor millets have small diploid genomes, shorter life cycles, self pollination and prolific seed production. Due to these characteristics it gains importance over major C4 species which lack all of these traits. Within Minor millets, Setaria italica and Setaria viridis are used as model systems since these crops fulfils all the traits responsible to be a model species. Importantly, Setaria species uses NADP-Malic enzyme subtype C4 photosynthetic system to fix carbon and therefore is a potential powerful model system for dissecting C4 photosynthesis. C4 grasses have a shorter distance between longitudinal veins in the leaves than C3 grasses. The C4 grasses have denser transverse and small longitudinal veins than the C3 grasses. It indicates that C4 grasses have a structurally superior photosynthate translocation and water distribution system by developing denser networks of small longitudinal and transverse veins. Setaria has high vein density and kranz anatomy that helps to concentrate CO2 in the bundle sheath cells. This minimizes photorespiration thereby prevents the loss of energy.
Regulation of postnatal development of testes and its association with puberty and fertility - A review
Authors: Kumar* B.S. Bharath , Pandita Sujata , Sharma1 Ankur , Jadhav Vyankat , Soren Simson , Mili Bhabesh , Ganaie2 Aashiq H. , Mir Nazir Ahmad , Kumar3 Narendra , . Vandna , Kumar3 Amit
Published: December 2015

Indigenous bull breeds attain puberty late in life when compared to the breeds of Bos taurus. Cross breeding between Bos taurus and Bos indicus has decreased the age at puberty and increased the total semen production period of bulls. However, some of the drawbacks like impaired semen production, poor libido, and low freezability are common among the crossbred bulls in India. Leydig and Sertoli cells are the most important non–germinal cells of testes that are essential for sperm production. The development and differentiation of these testicular cells occurs during postnatal period in bull calves and are dependent on the transient rise in gonadotropins, insulin–like growth factor 1 (IGF–1), and other growth factors. Administration of gonadotropins or gonadotropin–releasing hormone (GnRH) before the transient rise initiates the multiplication of Leydig and Sertoli cells, and results in hastened onset of sexual maturity, increased testicular weight, sperm output, and number of germ cells. Supplementation of high–energy diet during the period of 2–6 months is essential as it increases the IGF–1 release that further acts to release GnRH and development of testicular non–germinal cells. This review highlights some of the developments made with respect to regulation of postnatal development of testes, early detection of fertility, and ways to augment the sperm production capacity.
Derivation, enrichment and characterization of goat (Capra hircus) spermatogonial stem cells from pre-pubertal testes
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Shah Syed Mohmad , Saini Neha , Kaushik Ramakant , Singh Manoj Kumar , Manik Radhey Sham , Singla Suresh Kumar , Palta Prabhat , Chauhan*. Manmohan Singh
Published: December 2015

Isolation of goat spermatogonial stem cells (gSSC) from pre-pubertal testes (3 to 6 months of age) by double enzymatic digestion is reported. The isolated cells were further enriched for spermatogonial stem cell population by filtration through 80- and 60-µm nylon mesh filters, followed by differential plating on DSA-Lectin coated dishes. After overnight incubation, the unattached cells (putative gSSCs) were cultured on sertoli cell feeder layers in SSC medium, composed of DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, GDNF (Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor, 40 ng mL-1), bFGF (Basic fibroblast growth factor, 10 ng mL-1) and EGF (Epidermal growth factor, 10 ng mL-1). After 10-15 days, the putative SSCs started to develop and the cultures were maintained till the colonies stopped growing. The colonies were characterized for their affinity to Dolichos biflorus Agglutinin (DBA), alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and various spermatogonial stem cell markers (PLZF, THY1, UCHL1, BCL6B and ID4). The developed colonies were positive for DBA, AP and all other markers, which is an indication of their being spermatogonial stem cells. In the present study, goat SSCs have been successfully isolated and characterized and the culture conditions will be improved further for developing more efficient and long term in vitro spermatogonial stem cell culture system in goat.
Colostrum and milk composition during postpartum period in Hill cow, sahiwal and crossbreds cow
Authors: Patoo R.A. , Singh D.V. , Singh S.K. , Singh* M.K. , Singh1 A.K. , Kaushal S.
Published: December 2015

The study was undertaken to determine the composition of colostrum and milk of Hill cattle during postpartum period and compared them to Sahiwal and crossbred cow. Fifteen colostrum samples per day from each group of cow (as per availability) were collected during first five postpartum days while as milk samples were collected from eight cow each of Sahiwal and crossbreds and six form Hill cow, at fortnightly interval up to 32 weeks postpartum. These samples were subjected to various physico-chemical analyses. There was a significant (P0.05) difference between overall mean protein per cent, pH and electrical conductivity in the colostrum of Hill cow, Sahiwal and crossbred cow but lactose per cent did not diffe significantly. In milk there was a significant (P0.05) difference between overall mean of fat, protein, solid not fat, total solids per cent, pH, electric conductivity, somatic cell count and milk yield of Hill cow, Sahiwal and crossbreds while non-significant (P0.05) difference was noticed for lactose per cent and specific gravity. The colostrum of Hill cow and Sahiwal were richer in protein, fat, lactose, TS and ash content as compared to crossbred cow. Milk of Hill cow had higher content of protein, fat, SNF, TS and lower pH, EC and SCC compared to crossbreds and Sahiwal.
Influence of dietary cation-anionic difference on hematobio chemical profile, mineral metabolism, post-partum reproductive and productive performance of Hariana cows
Authors: Mohanrao Bokan Abhay , Kumar* Vinod , Roy Debashis , Kumar Muneendra , Srivastava Mukesh , Gupta Vivek Prasad
Published: December 2015

Eighteen multiparous periparturient Hariana cows (Bos indicus) (3-4 parity) in last month of their pregnancy were blocked into three groups (n=6) and fed for 30 days pre-partum to 30 days post-partum. The objective was to determine the effects of manipulating dietary cations and anions on hemato-biochemical profile, mineral metabolism and performance of cows. Nutrient requirements of cows were met by feeding concentrate and roughage. Varying levels of salt supplementation were used to formulate mineral mixture having DCAD of +11, +21 and +31 meq (Na+K - Cl+S) / 100 g of feed dry matter. Feeding DCAD of +11, +21 and +31 mEq/100 g of DM did not have any effect (P greater than 0.05) on feed intake and body weight change during periparturient period. Blood calcium level was higher for the lowest DCAD (+11 meq/100 g of DM), suggesting that low DACD helps in mobilization of stored calcium in periparturient cows. pH of blood and urine increased curvilinearly with increasing DCAD and found maximum in +31 meq/100 g of DM DCAD fed group. Feeding of three different DCAD diets did not (P greater than 0.05) have any effect on reproductive performance but milk yield was found significantly higher
Evaluation of oxidative stress in rats (Rattus rattus) inhabiting Bathinda region of Punjab, India
Authors: Sangha G. K. , Kalra S.
Published: December 2015

Exposure to various toxic chemicals has become an increasingly recognized source of illness in human and animals, worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress in Rattus rattus inhabiting Bathinda region of Punjab. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana campus rats served as control rats. Rattus rattus were brought to laboratory and separated according to sex. The animals were dissected, vital organ excised and weighed and blood and tissues were processed for histological and biochemical studies. Relative weights of liver, heart and kidney were observed to be higher in rats collected from Bathinda as compared to the control rats. Light microscopic observations of liver and kidney sections of Bathinda rats showed many histological changes. Levels of total proteins were found to be lower in blood, liver, kidney and brain of rats collected from Bathinda region. Activities of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase were reduced
Comparative study on some morphological and performance traits of Hill cattle, Sahiwal and crossbred cattle
Authors: Patoo R.A. , Singh D.V. , Singh S.K. , Chaudhari B.K. , Singh A.K. , Singh* M.K. , Kaushal S.
Published: December 2015

A total of 720 animals were selected comprising of 260 Sahiwal (SC), 260 Crossbred (CB) and 200 Hill cattle (HC) of different age and sex to study body morphometric and performance traits. There was a significant (P0.05) difference between body morphometric traits between Hill cattle and Sahiwal as well as between Hill cattle and crossbreds. Estimates of almost all the body morphometric traits in all the age groups were significantly (P0.05) lower in Hill cattle than rest two groups (Sahiwal and crossbreds). The estimates of these traits were statistically indifferent between Sahiwal and crossbreds cattle except in greater than 36 months age group, where these were significantly (P0.05) higher for crossbreds. Age at first calving was significantly (P0.05) lower in crossbreds than indigenous breeds while as service period was lowest in Hill cows and maximum in Sahiwal cows. Dry period and calving interval were significantly (P0.05) highest in Sahiwal cows.
Effect of supplementation of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root powder as feed additive on performance and blood biochemicals of broilers
Authors: Kale* V.R. , Wankhede1 S.M. , Patil C.S. , Share A.A.
Published: December 2015

An experiment was conducted on one hundred eighty day old commercial broiler chicks (Ven Cob Strain) to study the effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root powder as feed additive on the performance and blood biochemical profile in broilers during 0-6 weeks of age. The chicks were randomly divided into three groups 60 each. All the chicks were housed in deep litter system. The experimental diets were: no feed additive (T0), 0.25 per cent Ashwagandha root powder (T1) and 0.5 per cent Ashwagandha root powder (T2). Body weight gain of T1 (567.00 g) and T2 (581.67 g) was significantly (Ps a herbal feed additive was beneficial in improving average weekly body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood biochemical profile.
Study on genetic variation of Short Tandem Repeats (STR) markers and their association with Somatic Cell Scores (SCS) in crossbred cows
Authors: Gupta* Jay Prakash , Bhushan Bharat , Panigrahi Manjit , Ranjan Sanjeev , Asaf. V.N. Muhasin , Kumar Amod , Sulabh Sourabh , Kumar Amit , Kumar Pushpendra , Sharma Deepak
Published: December 2015

India is the highest milk producer of the world and crossbreeding to augment genetic potential of native breeds, has played an important role to achieve this feat. The present study with five microsatellite DNA loci BM1818, BM1443, BM1905, BM1258 and MB026 associated with Somatic Cell Score (SCS) and milk production, was aimed at finding variation in 76 crossbred cows. PCR amplified products were resolved on MetaPhore® agrose. The number of alleles for BM1443, BM1905, BM1258 and MB026 were found to be 7 each while it was 8 in BM1818. The size of alleles ranges from 149-186 bp for BM1443, 178-204 bp for BM1905, 208-252 bp for MB026 and 252-296 bp for BM1818. The data on polymorphism information content, heterozygosity, number of effective alleles of these short tandem repeat loci shows that BM1443 was having lowest and BM1818 was having maximum variability. Microsatellite BM1818 was not found to be associated with SCS in this population. Means of SCS of genotypes 178/192 and 188/188 for marker BM1905, genotypes 228/252 and 238/252 for marker MB026, genotype 120/110 for marker BM1258 and genotypes 182/154 and 178/154 for marker BM1443 were found to be higher. Only two markers viz. BM1818 and BM1443 was found to be significantly associated with 305 days milk yield.
Molecular characterization of Ovar-DRB1 exon2 gene in Garole sheep resilient to gastrointestinal nematodes
Authors: Paswan* C. , Prince L.L.L. , Kumar R. , Swarnkar C.P. , Singh D. , Kumar S.
Published: December 2015

Ovine MHC DRB1 exon 2 (Ovar-DRB1.2) gene is arguably one of the critical genes, responsible for disease resistance against parasite in animals. This study was carried out for indepth analysis of polymorphism in MHC DRB1.2 gene and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms for the development of disease resistance in Garole. PCR-RFLP study revealed that the gene is polymorphic in nature. The frequency of allele ‘A’ for endonuclease SacI and Allele ‘B’ for endonuclease Hin1I were significantly higher in Garole population.
Sequence characterization and polymorphism detection in lactoferrin gene of Deoni (Bos indicus) cattle
Authors: Singh* Arun Pratap , Ramesha K.P. , Isloor S. , Divya P. , Arya Ashwani , Mir M. A.
Published: December 2015

Lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein which plays an essential role in antimicrobial defense and a potential candidate gene in dairy cattle breeding. The present study was undertaken with the objective of sequence characterization and identification of polymorphisms within exons 2, 3 and 14 and their flanking intronic regions in lactoferrin gene of Deoni (Bos indicus) cattle by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Amplicons of exons 4, 5 and 16 showed monomorphic patterns. PCR-SSCP analysis revealed a total of eight different variants in three investigated regions of the lactoferrin gene. The locus LtfE2 revealed four different variants, viz. LtfE2-A, LtfE2-B, LtfE2-C and LtfE2-D with the frequency of 0.42, 0.26, 0.22 and 0.10, respectively. Analysis of exon 3 and 14 revealed two unique SSCP patterns with the frequencies of 0.54 and 0.46, 0.86 and 0.14 respectively. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of lactoferrin gene of the Deoni cattle with taurine cattle revealed a total of 12 point mutations, 11 of which were found to be in coding region with 10 transitions. Conceptualized translation of nucleotide sequence revealed 5 amino acid changes. The SNPs identified in the coding region of lactoferrin gene may serve as potential genetic marker (s) in cattle for disease resistance.
Utilization of Natural Zeolite Catalyst Impregnated Sn Metal in Glucose Isomerization With Temperature Variations
Authors: Pamungkas Dwi Putri W. , Amalia Suci , Khalifah Susi Nurul
Published: December 2015

Studied the characteristics of natural zeolite catalysts activated and modifications and catalytic activity in the isomerization of glucose. Natural zeolite was activated by NH4NO3 2 M obtained catalyst HZA. While modification using 0,24 M Sn metal impregnated on HZA obtained catalyst Sn-HZA. At this stage, hydrothermal process carried out at temperature of 90 °C for 12 hours followed by calcination at temperature of 500 °C for 4 hours. The characterization includes the XRD analysis, SEM-EDAX analysis, acidity by ammonia method, and surface area by adsorption of methylene blue method. Glucose conversion was obtained through analysis of polarimeter at hour-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 with temperature variation of 110, 120, and 130 °C. Solution which had the highest conversion resulted by polarimeter was analyzed by HPLC. XRD analysis showed that there were no changes in the structure of zeolite after activation and modification process. SEM-EDAX analysis showed that morphology of the zeolite surface is not damaged and Sn metal was successfully impregnated 6,94 %. The activity of HZA and Sn-HZA was 1,4850 mmol/g and 2,3145 mmol/g. while the surface area of HZA and Sn-HZA was 11,4077 m2/g and 11,4738 m2/g. Using the Sn-HZA catalyst with the reaction temperature of 120 °C provides the highest conversion of glucose and fructose selectivity. It were 14,0733 % w/v and 0,646 % w/v.  

 
Keywords: Catalyst, glucose, isomerization, natural zeolite, Sn metal.
Isolation and Characterization of Rice Bran Protein Using NaOH Solution
Authors: Jannah Akyunul
Published: December 2015

The high protein content in rice bran potential to be developed into food. The purpose of this study was to isolate the protein in rice bran using NaOH solution with various concentration of 0.05; 0.1; 0.15; 0.2 M and characterization of functional properties. The results showed the concentration of 0.2 M NaOH produced the best results. The protein content obtained was 82%, stability of  emulsion of 42% and 47% stabilty of foam.

 

Keywords: NaOH, protein, rice bran
Greater carbon allocation to mycorrhizal fungi reduces tree nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest
Authors: Hasselquist Niles J. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Inselsbacher Erich , Stangl Zsofia , Oren Ram , Näsholm Torgny , Högberg Peter
Published: December 2015

The central role that ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses play in the structure and function of boreal forests pivots around the common assumption that carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are exchanged at rates favorable for plant growth. However, this may not always be the case. It has been hypothesized that the benefits mycorrhizal fungi convey to their host plants strongly depends upon the availability of C and N, both of which are rapidly changing as a result of intensified human land use and climate change. Using large‐scale shading and N addition treatments, we assessed the independent and interactive effects of changes in C and N supply on the transfer of N in intact EM associations with ~15 yr. old Scots pine trees. To assess the dynamics of N transfer in EM symbioses, we added trace amounts of highly enriched 15NO3‐ label to the EM‐dominated mor‐layer and followed the fate of the 15N label in tree foliage, fungal chitin on EM root tips, and EM sporocarps. Despite no change in leaf biomass, shading resulted in reduced tree C uptake, ca. 40% lower fungal biomass on EM root tips, and greater 15N label in tree foliage compared to unshaded control plots, where more 15N label was found in fungal biomass on EM colonized root tips. Short‐term addition of N shifted the incorporation of 15N label from EM fungi to tree foliage, despite no significant changes in below‐ground tree C allocation to EM fungi. Contrary to the common assumption that C and N are exchanged at rates favorable for plant growth, our results show for the first time that under N‐limited conditions greater C allocation to EM fungi in the field results in reduced, not increased, N transfer to host trees. Moreover, given the ubiquitous nature of mycorrhizal symbioses, our results stress the need to incorporate mycorrhizal dynamics into process‐based ecosystem models to better predict forest C and N cycles in light of global climate change.
On the Contradiction of Applying Rolled Threads to Bolting Exposed to Hydrogen-Bearing Environments
Authors: Craig Bruce D.
Published: December 2015

Numerous industries continue to experience bolting failures as a result of hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) when exposed to hydrogen-bearing environments such as seawater with cathodic protection (CP) or as a result of insufficient baking after plating operations. This paper describes the mistaken, but long-held, belief that because rolled threads are beneficial for fatigue resistance, they are at best not injurious to the performance of bolting from other causes of failure such as environmental cracking.
Identification of Alleles Conferring Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot in Maize Derived from its Wild Progenitor Species Teosinte
Authors: Lennon Jill R. , Krakowsky Matthew , Goodman Major , Flint‐Garcia Sherry , Balint‐Kurti Peter J.
Published: December 2015

Gray leaf spot (GLS; causal agent Cercospora zeae‐maydis and Cercospora zeina) is an important maize (Zea mays L.) disease in the United States. Current control methods for GLS include using resistant cultivars, crop rotation, chemical applications, and conventional tillage to reduce inoculum levels. Teosinte (Z. mays subsp. parviglumis) is the wild progenitor of maize and easily forms hybrids with current maize inbreds. The aims of this study were to identify alleles from teosinte that, when introduced into temperate maize germplasm, conferred significant levels of GLS resistance. A population of 693 BC4S2 near isogenic lines (NILs), developed by crossing nine different teosinte accessions into the background of the maize inbred B73, were evaluated for GLS resistance in replicated field trials over 2 yr. Six markers significantly associated with GLS resistance were identified using 768 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers used to genotype this population. Twenty‐seven individual NILs that differed significantly from B73 for GLS resistance and that carried teosinte introgressions at the significantly associated SNPs at bins 2.04, 3.06, 4.07, 5.03, 8.06, and 9.03 were selected for follow‐up studies. F2:3 populations were developed by crossing each selected NIL to B73 followed by self‐pollinating the progeny twice. These F2:3 populations were evaluated for GLS resistance and genotyped at the loci of interest. In most cases, single‐marker analysis validated predicted allelic substitution effects from the original NIL populations.
Analysis and Handling of G × E in a Practical Breeding Program
Authors: Yan Weikai
Published: December 2015

Genotype by environment interaction (GE) is a reality in plant breeding and crop production, and has to be dealt with. There are but two viable options to deal with GE: to utilize it or to avoid it, depending on whether it is repeatable. Repeatable GE can be selected for (utilized) whereas unrepeatable GE has to be selected against (avoided). To utilize GE involves identifying repeatable GE, dividing the target region into subregions or megaenvironments (ME) based on the repeatable GE pattern, and selecting within ME. By definition, GE within ME is unrepeatable and has to be avoided. To avoid unrepeatable GE is to test in a sufficient number of environments (locations and years) representing the target ME and to select both high mean performance and high stability. My preferred analytic tool for identifying repeatable GE, ME analysis, representative test locations, and superior genotypes is GGE (genotypic main effect plus GE) biplots, which was demonstrated using oat (Avena sativa L.) yield data from multilocation multiyear trials. Some important issues on GE study, in relation to genotype evaluation, were discussed. These included the framework of multiyear multilocation trials, the distinction between repeatable and nonrepeatable components of GE, the need to consider both genotypic main effect (G) and GE, and the relative importance of mean performance (G) vs. stability (GE) in genotype evaluation.