bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Subduction With Extremely Fast Trench Retreat
Authors: Peng Diandian , Stegman Dave R.
Published: September 2024

The Tonga‐Kermadec subduction zone exhibits the fastest observed trench retreat and convergence near its northern end. However, a paradox exists: despite the rapid trench retreat, the Tonga slab maintains a relatively steep dip angle above 400 km depth. The slab turns flat around 400 km, then steepening again until encountering a stagnant segment near 670 km. Despite its significance for understanding slab dynamics, no existing numerical model has successfully demonstrated how such a distinct slab morphology can be generated under the fast convergence. Here we run subduction models that successfully reproduce the slab geometries while incorporating the observed subduction rate. We use a hybrid velocity boundary condition, imposing velocities on the arc and subducting plate while allowing the overriding plate to respond freely. This approach is crucial for achieving a good match between the modeled and observed Tonga slab. The results explain how the detailed slab structure is highly sensitive to physical parameters including the seafloor age and the mantle viscosity. Notably, a nonlinear rheology, where dislocation creep reduces upper mantle viscosity under strong mantle flow, is essential. The weakened upper mantle allows for a faster slab sinking rate, which explains the large dip angle. Our findings highlight the utilizing rheological parameters that lead to extreme viscosity variations within numerical models to achieve an accurate representation of complex subduction systems like the Tonga‐Kermadec zone. Our study opens new avenues for further study of ocean‐ocean subduction systems, advancing our understanding of their role in shaping regional and global tectonics.
Likely Ferromagnetic Minerals Identified by the Perseverance Rover and Implications for Future Paleomagnetic Analyses of Returned Martian Samples
Authors: Mansbach Elias N. , Kizovski Tanya V. , Scheller Eva L. , Bosak Tanja , Mandon Lucia , Horgan Briony , Wiens Roger C. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Sharma Sunanda , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Gabriel Travis S. J. , Forni Olivier , Liu Yang , Schmidt Mariek E. , Weiss Benjamin P.
Published: September 2024

Although Mars today does not have a core dynamo, magnetizations in the Martian crust and in meteorites suggest a magnetic field was present prior to 3.7 billion years (Ga) ago. However, the lack of ancient, oriented Martian bedrock samples available on Earth has prevented accurate estimates of the dynamo's intensity, lifetime, and direction. Constraining the nature and lifetime of the dynamo are vital to understanding the evolution of the Martian interior and the potential habitability of the planet. The Perseverance rover, which is exploring Jezero crater, is providing an unprecedented opportunity to address this gap by acquiring absolutely oriented bedrock samples with estimated ages from ∼2.3 to >4.1 Ga. As a first step in establishing whether these samples could contain records of Martian paleomagnetism, it is important to determine their ferromagnetic mineralogy, the grain sizes of the phases, and the forms of any natural remanent magnetization. Here, we synthesize data from various Perseverance instruments to achieve those goals and discuss the implications for future laboratory paleomagnetic analyses. Using the rover's instrument payload, we find that cored samples likely contain iron oxides enriched in Cr and Ti. The relative proportions of Fe, Ti, and Cr indicate that the phases may be titanomagnetite or Fe‐Ti‐Cr spinels that are ferromagnetic at room temperature, but we cannot rule out the presence of non‐ferromagnetic ulvöspinel, ilmenite, and chromite due to signal mixing. Importantly, the inferred abundance of iron oxides in the samples suggests that even <1 mm‐sized samples will be easily measurable by present‐day magnetometers.
Self-sustaining long-term 3D epithelioid cultures reveal drivers of clonal expansion in esophageal epithelium
Authors: Herms Albert , Fernandez-Antoran David , Alcolea Maria P. , Kalogeropoulou Argyro , Banerjee Ujjwal , Piedrafita Gabriel , Abby Emilie , Valverde-Lopez Jose Antonio , Ferreira Inês S. , Caseda Irene , Bejar Maria T. , Dentro Stefan C. , Vidal-Notari Sara , Ong Swee Hoe , Colom Bartomeu , Murai Kasumi , King Charlotte , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Lowe Alan R. , Gerstung Moritz , Jones Philip H.
Published: September 2024

Aging epithelia are colonized by somatic mutations, which are subjected to selection influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The lack of suitable culture systems has slowed the study of this and other long-term biological processes. Here, we describe epithelioids, a facile, cost-effective method of culturing multiple mouse and human epithelia. Esophageal epithelioids self-maintain without passaging for at least 1 year, maintaining a three-dimensional structure with proliferative basal cells that differentiate into suprabasal cells, which eventually shed and retain genomic stability. Live imaging over 5 months showed that epithelioids replicate in vivo cell dynamics. Epithelioids support genetic manipulation and enable the study of mutant cell competition and selection in three-dimensional epithelia, and show how anti-cancer treatments modulate competition between transformed and wild-type cells. Finally, a targeted CRISPR–Cas9 screen shows that epithelioids recapitulate mutant gene selection in aging human esophagus and identifies additional drivers of clonal expansion, resolving the genetic networks underpinning competitive fitness.
Molecular profiling of BRAF-V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer in the phase 3 BEACON CRC trial
Authors: Kopetz Scott , Murphy Danielle A. , Pu Jie , Ciardiello Fortunato , Desai Jayesh , Van Cutsem Eric , Wasan Harpreet Singh , Yoshino Takayuki , Saffari Hedieh , Zhang Xiaosong , Hamilton Phineas , Xie Tao , Yaeger Rona , Tabernero Josep
Published: September 2024

The BEACON CRC study demonstrated that encorafenib (Enco)+cetuximab (Cetux)±binimetinib (Bini) significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus Cetux + chemotherapy in previously treated patients with BRAF-V600E-mutant mCRC, providing the basis for the approval of the Enco+Cetux regimen in the United States and the European Union. A greater understanding of biomarkers predictive of response to Enco+Cetux±Bini treatment is of clinical relevance. In this prespecified, exploratory biomarker analysis of the BEACON CRC study, we characterize genomic and transcriptomic correlates of clinical outcomes and acquired resistance mechanisms through integrated clinical and molecular analysis, including whole-exome and -transcriptome tissue sequencing and circulating tumor DNA genomic profiling. Tumors with higher immune signatures showed a trend towards increased OS benefit with Enco+Bini+Cetux. RAS, MAP2K1 and MET alterations were most commonly acquired with Enco+Cetux±Bini, and more frequent in patients with a high baseline cell-cycle gene signature; baseline TP53 mutation was associated with acquired MET amplification. Acquired mutations were subclonal and polyclonal, with evidence of increased tumor mutation rate with Enco+Cetux±Bini and mutational signatures (SBS17a/b). These findings support treatment with Enco+Cetux±Bini for patients with BRAF-V600E-mutant mCRC and provide insights into the biology of response and resistance to MAPK-pathway-targeted therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02928224
Older adults are relatively more susceptible to impulsive social influence than young adults
Authors: Su Zhilin , Garvert Mona M. , Zhang Lei , Manohar Sanjay G. , Vogel Todd A. , Thomas Louisa , Balsters Joshua H. , Husain Masud , Apps Matthew A. J. , Lockwood Patricia L.
Published: September 2024

People differ in their levels of impulsivity and patience, and these preferences are heavily influenced by others. Previous research suggests that susceptibility to social influence may vary with age, but the mechanisms and whether people are more influenced by patience or impulsivity remain unknown. Here, using a delegated inter-temporal choice task and Bayesian computational models, we tested susceptibility to social influence in young (aged 18–36, N = 76) and older (aged 60–80, N = 78) adults. Participants completed a temporal discounting task and then learnt the preferences of two other people (one more impulsive and one more patient) before making their choices again. We used the signed Kullback-Leibler divergence to quantify the magnitude and direction of social influence. We found that, compared to young adults, older adults were relatively more susceptible to impulsive social influence. Factor analyses showed that older adults with higher self-reported levels of affective empathy and emotional motivation were particularly susceptible to impulsive influence. Importantly, older and young adults showed similar learning accuracy about others’ preferences, and their baseline impulsivity did not differ. Together, these findings suggest highly affectively empathetic and emotionally motivated older adults may be at higher risk for impulsive decisions, due to their susceptibility to social influence.
Backward wave optical parametric oscillation in a waveguide
Authors: Mutter Patrick , Laurell Fredrik , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Zukauskas Andrius
Published: September 2024

Backward wave oscillators represent a class of tunable sources of electromagnetic radiation that do not require a resonant cavity to satisfy the oscillation condition. In the optical regime, the Backward Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator (BWOPO) relies on a a nonlinear interaction to provide the positive feedback required for oscillation, achieved through quasi-phase matching with sub-micron periods. The unique properties of the BWOPO have so far been shown in bulk crystals only, but the absence of an optical resonator makes the BWOPO naturally suitable for integration in a waveguide format. We demonstrate the first waveguide BWOPO, showcasing an oscillation threshold nearly 20 times lower than the corresponding bulk device, and exhibiting low loss (0.2 dB/cm). The backward wave has a narrow linewidth of 21 GHz at 1514.6 nm, while the forward wave at 1688.7 nm has a broadband spectrum replicating that of the pump. A conversion efficiency of 8.4% was obtained.
Enhancing verapamil trace determination from biological matrices by bar adsorptive microextraction
Authors: Silva Camilla Fonseca , Mendes Mariana Foles , Nogueira José Manuel Flôrencio , Borges Keyller
Published: September 2024

A novel analytical approach has been proposed to determine verapamil in biological samples, using bar adsorptive microextraction coated with reversed-phase polymers followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.
A label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor using hybrid polypyrrole/gold nanoelectrocatalyst mediated signal amplification for the detection of miRNA-21
Authors: Zhang LiNa , He YanBin
Published: September 2024

An ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor established by combining a target-induced hybridization reaction and signal amplification strategy for the detection of miRNA-21.
Overcoming multidrug resistance by a singlet oxygen releasing camptothecin-endoperoxide
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Wang Lei , Qiao Yuan , Zhang Feiyan , Sun Rensong , Akkaya Engin U.
Published: September 2024

The endoperoxide of a camptothecin derivative is more effective than its precursor towards multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells, since it reduces P-glycoprotein expression via singlet oxygen release.
Film-electrochemical EPR spectroscopy to investigate electron transfer in membrane proteins in their native environment
Authors: Facchetti Davide , Dang Yunfei , Seif-Eddine Maryam , Geoghegan Blaise L. , Roessler Maxie M.
Published: September 2024

Film-electrochemical electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FE-EPR) enables investigation of electron transfer in membrane proteins in their native membrane environment.
Quantum chemical studies of the reaction mechanisms of enzymatic CO2 conversion
Authors: Liu Baoyan , Lin Beibei , Su Hao , Sheng Xiang
Published: September 2024

Enzymatic capture and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals are of great interest in the field of biocatalysis and have a positive impact on climate change.
Plasmonically-boosted exciton–photon coupling strength in a near-infrared LED based on a ZnO:Ga microwire/GaAs heterojunction with surface-coated Au&Ag alloy nanorods
Authors: Sun Lixiang , Tang Kai , Wan Peng , Liu Maosheng , Shi Daning , Kan Caixia , Jiang Mingming
Published: September 2024

A plasmonically-boosted exciton–polariton near-infrared LED based on an n-AuAgNRs@ZnO:Ga microwire/p-GaAs heterojunction is realized, with its Rabi splitting energies increased from 96 to 285 meV.
Upconversion luminescence of cubic and hexagonal structured SrTa4O11:Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors
Authors: Wang Xuekai , Cao Yongze , Yan Xianglan , Xu Sai , Zhang Jinsu , Liu Tianshuo , Chen Baojiu
Published: September 2024

Comparison image of the microstructure and UCL intensity of STO:0.02Er3+/0.04Yb3+ UCLPs under all the preparation methods.
Fe3+ and H2O2 assisted dopamine rapid polymerization on melamine foam to activate PMS for organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Yan Haoxiang , Zhen Jianzheng , Yao Yuyuan
Published: September 2024

A bulk sponge catalytic material was prepared by rapid polymerization of DA and utilized for PMS activation to degrade BPA. The coexistence of HCO3− enhanced 1O2 generation, accelerating BPA degradation.
Efficient CO2-to-CO conversion in dye-sensitized photocatalytic systems enabled by electrostatically-driven catalyst binding
Authors: Nikolaou Vasilis , Pati Palas Baran , Terrisse Hélène , Robert Marc , Odobel Fabrice
Published: September 2024

This study presents an innovative approach in dye-sensitized photocatalytic systems for CO2-to-CO conversion, using electrostatically assembled, noble metal-free components, achieving ∼100% CO selectivity and 1658 turnovers with an apparent quantum yield of 16.9%.
Correction: Catalyst-free decarboxylative deuteration using tailored photoredox-active carboxylic acids
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liao Hongze , Chen Bin , Guo Tengyu , Zhang Zhizhen , Lin Houwen
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Catalyst-free decarboxylative deuteration using tailored photoredox-active carboxylic acids’ by Shuai Liu et al., Green Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01134A.
CeO2/conjugated polymer heterostructures for dual-modal phototherapy with antibacterial applications
Authors: Guo Wanli , Sun Xiaojie , Meng Yanbin , Bai Peiyi , Guo Zhihui , Tian Xiaorui , Duan Peng
Published: September 2024

This study developed cerium oxide/conjugated polymer composites for dual-modal phototherapy, showing strong antibacterial effects under near-infrared light. The composites are promising for infection control and wound healing applications.
Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) promoted direct and instantaneous thio-esterification of a carboxylic acid and thiol at ambient temperature
Authors: Bera Biman , Goswami Upasi , Sk Sujan , Bera Mrinal K.
Published: September 2024

This graphical abstract demonstrates an efficient, atom-economic, functional group tolerant and fast method for thioester synthesis from alkyl/aryl acid and thiols in presence of CDI to procure numerous structurally diverse thioesters at r.t.
Nano silver oxide-modified activated carbon as a novel catalyst for efficient removal of bacteria and micropollutants in aquatic environment
Authors: Deng Jianping , Liu Yong , Gui Shuanglin , Yi Qizhen , Nie Hanbing
Published: September 2024

Heterogeneous Fenton process is a promising water treatment technology for sterilization and degradation of organic pollutants, due to the strong oxidation of hydroxyl radicals (OH˙) generated.
Total synthesis of bicyclomahanimbine by Cu(ii)-promoted photoredox process
Authors: Dangar Shilpa , Roy Tiyasa , Noskar Suman , Bisai Alakesh
Published: September 2024

Total synthesis of bicyclomahanimbine has been disclosed via a late-stage Cu(ii)-mediated Photoredox process. The use of Cu(OTf)2 played crucial roles in controlling reaction outcomes and maximizing yields.
Insight into the charge transfer behavior of an electrochemiluminescence sensor based on porphyrin–coumarin derivatives with a donor–acceptor configuration
Authors: Xiao Hui , Wang Yali , Zhao Yaqi , Zhang Rongfang , Kang Kainan , Feng Yanjun , Gao Yuling , Guo Huixia , Lu Bingzhang , Du Peiyao , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: September 2024

The successful integration of the SPECM measurement technique to provide deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for improved ECL performance is reported.
Correction: Highly stable color-tunable organic long-persistent luminescence from a single-component exciplex copolymer for in vitro antibacterial
Authors: Li Hui , Li Xiaoye , Su Haoran , Zhang Shuman , Tan Cheng , Chen Cheng , Zhang Xin , Huang Jiani , Gu Jie , Li Huanhuan , Xie Gaozhan , Dong Heng , Chen Runfeng , Tao Ye
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Highly stable color-tunable organic long-persistent luminescence from a single-component exciplex copolymer for in vitro antibacterial’ by Hui Li et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sc02839b.
Controlling the roll-to-helix transformation in electron-beam-patterned gel-based micro-ribbons
Authors: Wu Xinpei , Zhang Teng , Libera Matthew
Published: September 2024

Shape changes in electron-beam patterned poly(acrylic acid) can be controlled by the many patterning parameters to create gel-based ribbons with both in-plane and out-of-plane pH-dependent swelling anisotropies.
Incorporating biochar to make hydrogel composites with improved structural properties, valorized from waste-paper mill sludge and forestry residues using energy efficient protocols
Authors: Ketheeswaran Keerthana , Shetranjiwalla Shegufta , Krishnapillai Manokararajah , Galagedara Lakshman
Published: September 2024

This study explores converting papermill sludge into high-value hydrogel composites using energy-efficient methods. Adding biochar to cellulose-based hydrogel improved water retention, thermal stability, and biodegradability of hydrogel composite.
Ultra-low ice adhesion enabled by nano-engineered poly(ionic liquid)-elastomeric films: leveraging aqueous lubrication and elasticity
Authors: Mossayebi Zahra , Gurr Paul A. , Simons Ranya , Qiao Greg G.
Published: September 2024

A nano-engineered poly(ionic liquid)-based elastomeric film with ultra-low ice adhesion is developed using a novel continuous assembly of polymers technique.
Phosphorus flame retardant in situ fixed on a gel polymer electrolyte for lithium metal batteries with enhanced safety and superior electrochemical performance
Authors: Yu Hao , Wang Su , Zhang Yan , Pan Yanrui , Wang Zhaokun , Li Chen , Ma Yue , Song Dawei , Zhang Hongzhou , Shi Xixi , Li Chunliang , Zhang Lianqi
Published: September 2024

A flame-retardant gel polymer electrolyte is constructed by in situ copolymerization of the phosphorus-based flame retardant DOPO, which is engineered to concurrently impart flame-retardant properties and enhance electrochemical performance.
Interfacial integration of ultra-thin flexible electrochemical capacitors via vacuum filtration based on gelatinized fibrous membranes
Authors: Xie Qian , Lu Chengjie , Yi Chengjie , Shui Tao , Moloto Nosipho , Liu Jiacheng , Kure-Chu Song-Zhu , Hihara Takehiko , Zhang Wei , Sun ZhengMing
Published: September 2024

We developed a hydroxyl-rich fibrous membrane that can undergo controllable in situ gelation to create a porous integrated interface between hydrogel electrolytes and electrode, resulting in ultra-thin all-in-one electrochemical capacitors.
Pivotal role of the Pourbaix diagram in electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Qian , Xu Zhichuan J.
Published: September 2024

Pourbaix diagram is a critical tool in electrocatalytic research, driving innovation and improving the reliability of catalyst development.
High-strength fibrous sensors with an enhanced aggregate state for biomechanical monitoring of the Achilles tendon
Authors: Guo Ying , Yan Ting , Gao Han , Sun Luyi , Wei Shuanglei , Chen Jun , Wei Yanhong , Chen Guoyin , Hou Kai , Zhu Meifang
Published: September 2024

High-strength fibrous sensor can collect resistance signals from injured Achilles tendon and convert them into bearing stress with ideal accuracy, which would favor the assessment of tissue healing and pave the way for personalized treatment.
A multiple soliton state erbium-doped fiber laser based on a MoS2/C saturable absorber
Authors: Li Shuaimeng , Gao Xinlei , Shang Xinxin , Fan Weiyu , Wei Yu , Tan Hao , Wei Yunrui , Bai Caixun , Wang Guomei , Zhang Wenfei , Fu Shenggui , Zhang Huanian , Xu Nannan , Lu Cheng
Published: September 2024

A MoS2/C saturable absorber in erbium-doped fiber lasers is proved to show excellent pulse modulation capabilities.
The crystal structure and electric and microwave dielectric properties of novel scheelite structure NaEr(MoO4)2 ceramics and its application in the S-band
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Zhang Yiyun , Du Wei , Du Jialun , Feng Zhanbai , Wu Haitao
Published: September 2024

The electric and microwave dielectric properties were reported in NaEr(MoO4)2 ceramics for the first time, elucidating the structure–performance relationship. Subsequently, a patch antenna suitable for the S-band was fabricated.
Modulation of photophysical properties in o-carborane derivatives and their application in white organic light-emitting diode devices
Authors: Lee Jina , Jeong Yeonju , Lee Sunhee , Lee Yi Sak , Park Bubae , Kim Taekyung , Han Won-Sik
Published: September 2024

Two derivatives of o-carborane, CAPCb and CAMCb, were synthesized and utilized in the fabrication of white OLED devices that exhibit cool white emission and specific CIE coordinates.
CDS2 expression regulates de novo phosphatidic acid synthesis
Authors: Collins Daniel M. , Janardan Vishnu , Barneda David , Anderson Karen E. , Niewczas Izabella , Taylor Diane , Qiu Danye , Jessen Henning J. , Lopez-Clavijo Andrea F. , Walker Simon , Raghu Padinjat , Clark Jonathan , Stephens Len R. , Hawkins Phillip T.
Published: September 2024

CDS enzymes (CDS1 and 2 in mammals) convert phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDP-DG, an essential intermediate in the de novo synthesis of PI. Genetic deletion of CDS2 in primary mouse macrophages resulted in only modest changes in the steady-state levels of major phospholipid species, including PI, but substantial increases in several species of PA, CDP-DG, DG and TG. Stable isotope labelling experiments employing both 13C6- and 13C6D7-glucose revealed loss of CDS2 resulted in a minimal reduction in the rate of de novo PI synthesis but a substantial increase in the rate of de novo PA synthesis from G3P, derived from DHAP via glycolysis. This increased synthesis of PA provides a potential explanation for normal basal PI synthesis in the face of reduced CDS capacity (via increased provision of substrate to CDS1) and increased synthesis of DG and TG (via increased provision of substrate to LIPINs). However, under conditions of sustained GPCR-stimulation of PLC, CDS2-deficient macrophages were unable to maintain enhanced rates of PI synthesis via the ‘PI cycle’, leading to a substantial loss of PI. CDS2-deficient macrophages also exhibited significant defects in calcium homeostasis which were unrelated to the activation of PLC and thus probably an indirect effect of increased basal PA. These experiments reveal that an important homeostatic response in mammalian cells to a reduction in CDS capacity is increased de novo synthesis of PA, likely related to maintaining normal levels of PI, and provides a new interpretation of previous work describing pleiotropic effects of CDS2 deletion on lipid metabolism/signalling.
A deep learning‐based approach for pseudo‐satellite positioning
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Jiacheng , Yu Baoguo , Xing Hantong , Wang Shuang
Published: September 2024

Traditional pseudo‐satellite‐based indoor positioning techniques are greatly affected by the presence of multipath effects, leading to a notable reduction in the positioning precision. In order to tackle this challenge, a pseudo‐satellite indoor positioning method based on deep learning is proposed. The method grids the localization region, thus transforming positioning from a regression problem to a classification problem in the gridded areas. 1D‐convolutional neural network is employed to extract the correlation between pseudo‐satellite data and the positioning of indoor areas. Data are collected and the method is validated in three types of areas of the experimental field, namely unobstructed area, semi‐unobstructed area and obstructed area. The experimental results demonstrate that the method exhibits superior positioning accuracy compared to traditional methods, enabling effective localization even in obstructed area.
Optimal pilot pattern for data‐aided channel estimation for MIMO‐OFDM wireless systems
Authors: Khan Inaamullah , Cheffena Michael
Published: September 2024

This article presents an optimal pilot pattern for the data‐aided channel estimation (DACE) scheme for both single‐input single‐output (SISO) and multiple‐input multiple‐output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) wireless systems. The research evaluates the performance of the DACE scheme using different comb‐type pilot patterns for both least square (LS) and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimators. In this regard, it is found that pilot spacing significantly influences system performance. Inserting pilot symbols in consecutive subcarriers cannot compensate for increased pilot spacing. Hence, the solution to this problem is to place pilot symbols at appropriate locations within the given spectrum. Moreover, data symbols which are reliably detected at the receiver are used as additional pilot signals to further enhance system performance. However, reliable data symbols need to be determined carefully because wrong detection results in severe performance degradation. In this respect, the proposed comb‐type pilot pattern using a single pilot subcarrier extracts the maximum number of reliable data symbols for the DACE scheme, improves channel estimation accuracy, and provides bandwidth optimization for MIMO‐OFDM systems. Furthermore, it outperforms all other pilot patterns in terms of system mean square error (MSE) and bit‐error‐rate (BER) performance.
Reconfigurable intelligent surface enabled programmable antenna chamber: Concept and preliminary experiments
Authors: Li Yifa , Zhang Fengchun , Olesen Kim , Ying Zhinong , Pedersen Gert Frølund , Fan Wei
Published: September 2024

Antenna chambers are RF‐shielded enclosures which are required for antenna and radio performance measurements. Typically, anechoic chambers (ACs) are used for measuring directional metrics (e.g. antenna pattern, effective isotropic power etc.), while reverberation chambers (RCs) are widely used for non‐directional measurements (e.g. antenna efficiency, total radiated power etc.). When a device under test requires both types of measurements, testing needs to be conducted sequentially in an AC and an RC. This leads to significant time inefficiencies due to the need to set up and calibrate two separate measurement setups in two different chambers. To address these issues, this letter proposes a programmable chamber framework capable of electronically switching between AC and RC modes by programming the reflective intelligent surface‐enabled sidewalls. This framework is highly attractive for the industry as it supports both directional and non‐directional measurements within a single chamber. The letter outlines the conceptual framework, discusses design considerations, and presents preliminary experimental validation of reflective intelligent surface‐enabled sidewall with the designed phase‐setting configurations to emulate the radio absorber sidewall of an AC and the metal plate sidewall of an RC. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed approach.
Dunhuang mural inpainting based on reference guidance and multi‐scale fusion
Authors: Liu Zhongmin , Li Yaolong
Published: September 2024

In response to the inadequate utilization of prior information in current mural inpainting processes, leading to issues such as semantically unreliable inpaintings and the presence of artifacts in the inpainting area, a Dunhuang mural inpainting method based on reference guidance and multi‐scale feature fusion is proposed. First, the simulated broken mural, the mask image, and the reference mural are input into the model to complete the multi‐level embedding of patches and align the multi‐scale fine‐grained features of damaged murals and reference murals. Following the patch embedding module, a hybrid residual module is added based on hybrid attention to fully extract mural features. In addition, by continuing the residual concatenation of outputs of the hierarchical embedding module improves the ability of the model to represent deeper features, and improves the robustness and generalisation of the model. Second, the encoded features are fed into the decoder to generate decoded features. Finally, the convolutional tail is employed to propagate them and complete the mural painting. Experimental validation on the Dunhuang mural dataset demonstrates that, compared to other algorithms, this model exhibits higher evaluation metrics in the inpainting of extensively damaged murals and demonstrates overall robustness. In terms of visual effects, the results of this model in the inpainting process exhibit finer textures, richer semantic information, more coherent edge structures, and a closer resemblance to authentic murals.
The Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH)
Authors: Sacchi Elena , Bellazzini Michele , Annibali Francesca , Tosi Monica , Beccari Giacomo , Cannon John M. , Hunter Laura C. , Paris Diego , Roychowdhury Sambit , Schisgal Lila , van Zee Liese , Cignoni Michele , Cusano Felice , de Jong Roelof S. , Hunt Leslie , Pascale Raffaele
Published: September 2024

We present new deep, wide-field imaging data from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in g and r bands from the Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH) that reveal previously undetected tidal features and stellar streams in the outskirts of six dwarf irregular galaxies (NGC 5238, UGC 6456, UGC 6541, UGC 7605, UGC 8638, and UGC 8760) with stellar masses in the range 1.2 × 107 M⊙ to 1.4 × 108 M⊙. The six dwarfs are located 1-2 Mpc away from large galaxies, which implies that the observed distortions are unlikely to be due to tidal effects from a nearby, massive companion. At the distances of ~3-4 Mpc at which the dwarfs lie, the identified tidal features are all resolved into individual stars in the LBT images and appear to consist of a population older than 1–2 Gyr. This excludes the possibility that they result from irregular and asymmetric star formation episodes that are common in gas-rich dwarf galaxies. The most plausible explanation is that we witness the hierarchical merging assembly of these dwarfs with their satellite populations. This scenario is also supported by the peculiar morphology and disturbed velocity field of their HI component. From the SSH sample, we estimate that a fraction of ~13% of the late-type dwarfs show signs of merging with satellites. This is in agreement with other recent independent studies and theoretical predictions within the ΛCDM cosmological framework.
Assessing stock of reef octopus Octopus cyanea in southwest Madagascar using age-based population modelling
Authors: Raberinary Daniel , Andrisoa Aladin
Published: September 2024

The reef octopus Octopus cyanea fishery is the most economically important fishery in southwest Madagascar. The substantial increase of octopus exploitation in the region has raised concerns over the sustainability of this fishery. While a growing number of measures have been implemented to sustainably manage the octopus stock, there is a lack of information on the status of this octopus stock. In this study, we analyse the status of octopus stock in southwest Madagascar by investigating the interannual and seasonal variability in recruitment and fishing mortality using virtual population analysis (VPA) performed on monthly basis from 2020 to 2022. Yield per recruit is also predicted using a Thomson and Bell model. Our results indicate that octopus fishery national closures (December 15 to January 31 each year) result overall in increase of catches and stock biomass, evidencing the positive impacts of the implemented fisheries regulations in the region. Recruitment exhibits high interannual and seasonal variability with a peak observed between October and December. The simulation model suggests that yield per recruit remains almost unchanged from one year to the next and not exceeding the maximum yield per recruit. Overall, this study shows the importance of understanding the status of octopus stock for sustainable octopus fisheries in southwest Madagascar.
A zonal forest approach for restoring degraded lands in the Kostanay region
Authors: Simancuk Yelena , Kurrijanov Andrej
Published: September 2024

This article presents the findings of a comprehensive investigation into the current state of natural vegetation cover on iron ore dumpsites operated by mining enterprises within the Kostanay region of Kazakhstan. We propose a holistic approach to enhancing the sustainability of the iron ore industry through forest reclamation, utilizing zonal plant species for the revegetation of these degraded landscapes. This approach centers on the ecological reclamation of iron ore dumpsites through the strategic implementation of native, zonally adapted plant species. By meticulously selecting plant communities that flourish within the specific ecological zones of the Kostanay region, the proposed method aspires to re-establish a self-sustaining ecosystem on the degraded land. The significance of this scientific undertaking transcends the immediate benefits associated with restoring ecological equilibrium. By adopting such strategies, the iron ore industry can contribute meaningfully to environmental preservation in a multifaceted manner. Reclaimed dumpsites can evolve into natural filters, facilitating water purification and mitigating potential pollution stemming from mining activities. Additionally, the re-establishment of native vegetation fosters biodiversity, thereby providing crucial habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna.
Changes in vegetation cover as a result of anthropogenic and technogenic impact on arid ecosystems of the Ashchykol depression (Betpak-Dala): Problems and prospects for the recultivation of uranium mines
Authors: Faleyev Dmitry , Fedorina Olga , Agapov Oles , Kairambaev Samat , Bolshakova Natalya , Baibossunova Gulnur
Published: September 2024

The vegetation cover of arid ecosystems in the territory of uranium mines of NAC Kazatomprom JSC and adjacent territories (Ashchykol Depression, Betpak-Dala) is affected by both anthropogenic and technogenic factors. Anthropogenic, technogenic impact on vegetation and soil cover led to a significant reduction in species diversity and an increase in the proportion of weeds. The activity indicator of species is an important parameter of environmental monitoring and the effectiveness of recultivation. Some of the promising objects of recultivation are Haloxylon aphyllum, Calligonum aphyllum, which are widespread in the study area and tolerate not only anthropogenic but also technogenic impacts.
Dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the litter of silver birch growing in different environmental conditions
Authors: Kolmogorova Elena
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the data from a study of nitrogen and phosphorus content in the litter of silver birch growing in different environmental conditions. The research object was 20- to 25-year-old silver birch trees. The observation plots were laid on the planned dump of the Kedrovsky open-pit coal mine with the application of a potentially fertile soil layer (PFL) and without applying PFL, as well as on the Kuzbass Botanical Garden territory (control). The research was conducted using common methods. The study aims to assess the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the litter of silver birch growing in different environmental conditions. The maximal accumulation of nitrogen was observed in the control zone, of phosphorus – on the planned mine waste dump with PFL application. The studies have shown that the application of PFL has a positive effect on nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in birch litter.
Formation of vegetation on 40-year-old overburden dumps in arid regions of Khakassia
Authors: Safronova Olga , Lamanova Tatiana , Sheremet Natalia , Doronkin Vladimir , Ivanov Oleg , Evseeva Irina
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of observations on the peculiarities of vegetation formation on 40-year old dumps in arid regions of Khakassia. The dumps of Chernogorsky open-cut mine were created as a result of open-cut coal mining. Five-year studies were carried out on different elements of the dumps mesorelief. It was established that primary succession is characterised by grass type of overgrowing 43 species of vascular plants were identified, among which 91% are native. Endemics group is represented by one species - Thesium repens Ledeb. The leading families are Asteraceae and Poaceae. The plant communities are dominated by grass species Artemisia sieversiana, A. tanacetifolia, Chenopodium aristatum and others, as well as grasses Calamagrostis epigeios, Setaria viridis and others. Among ecological groups, mesophytes are most widely represented (49%), and among geographical groups, species with Eurasian range predominate (39.6%). The analysis of species significance curves showed that during succession the structure becomes more complex with increasing number of species and equalisation of their abundance. The studied communities are at one of the intermediate stages of recovery and differ in composition and structure from zonal communities.
Fruiting characteristics of fungi of the genus Suillus in the artificial pine plantations of the Kedrovsky coal mine dump (Kemerovo region)
Authors: Legoshchina Olga , Ufimtsev Vladimir
Published: September 2024

The study discusses the fruiting of fungi of the genus Suillus in artificial plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. on the rock dump at the Kedrovsky coal mine (experimental site) and in the pine forests of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden (control site), located on the territory of Kemerovo. The pine plantations at the experimental sites were distributed according to the degree of forest canopy closure. Three sites with different crown closure were identified: sparse closure (20–30%), moderate closure (50–60%), and high closure (80–90%). Within each site, three zones of crown projection were assigned (sub-crown, near-crown, and external). Field studies were carried out during the summer and autumn of 2019. Two species of macromycetes of the genus Suillus are found on the studied sites: Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel and Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel. Mushrooms growing in pine plantations on reclaimed overburden dumps start fruiting earlier with longer fruiting than that in pine forests on zonal soils. The highest yields of mushrooms are found in pine stands with sparse closure. In the projection of the tree crown, the number of Suillus fungi increases in the direction from the trunk of the tree to the periphery of the crown and beyond (in sparse closures).
Taxonomic analysis of the Akmola region flora of Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kubentayev Serik , Alibekov Daniyar , Mukhtubayeva Saule , Tustubayeva Shynar
Published: September 2024

A taxonomic analysis of the flora list of Akmola region is presented. The results are based on field research, literature analysis and revision of herbarium materials. According to the data obtained, it was established that the flora of the Akmola region includes 1121 species of higher vascular plants from 449 genera and 96 families. On the territory of the Akmola region grow 18 species of rare plants included in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and 7 endemics of Kazakhstan are registered. In the Akmola region, 86 species of alien plants from 29 families and 73 genera were identified.
Engineering Electron Spin in van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Fabian Jaroslav , Zollner Klaus
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional materials revolutionize spintronics, enabling unprecedented manipulation of electron spin for next-generation information technologies. Particularly exciting is the possibility of spin engineering van der Waals heterostructures, expected to lead to breakthroughs in many realms of quantum physics. This feature article explores tailoring spin interactions in van der Waals heterostructures via stacking and twisting.
Engineering exotic quantum matter in twisted van der Waals materials
Authors: Lado Jose
Published: September 2024

Pushing the boundaries of knowledge in quantum matter requires having a controllable platform to engineer quantum phenomena. Twisted van der Waals materials have risen as a highly flexible platform to engineer exotic states of matter, enabling creating quantum matter with a degree of control beyond conventional bulk materials [1].
Revisiting the Einstein-de Haas experiment: the Ampère Museum’s hidden treasure
Authors: San Miguel Alfonso , Pallandre Bernard
Published: September 2024

Unearthed in the Ampère Museum near Lyon, France, a genuine version of the Einstein-de Haas experiment apparatus offers a rare glimpse into Einstein’s experimental interests. This remarkable find not only connects us to a crucial epoch in history of science but also highlights Einstein’s rare tangible legacy in the realm of experimental physics.
Masonry systems: Past, present and future
Authors: Kubica Jan
Published: September 2024

The article presents construction systems and material solutions used in masonry construction, both in European countries and in a broader geographical context covering other continents. Due to the very wide scope of this problem, is presented in necessity in an abbreviated form, the general directions of development and changes in the systems of masonry structures in historical terms, depending on the climatic conditions prevailing in given areas and the development of societies and the level of their economy. Referring to the current state, i.e. the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, the material and construction solutions most frequently used in various countries with variable climatic requirements and various dominant loads, including seismic ones, were presented. An attempt was also made, to the extent possible, to outline future directions of changes and development of masonry construction in the coming decades, taking into account the principles of the circular economy and sustainable development, as well as reduction of CO2 emissions and maximum use of natural (bio-based materials) and recycled raw materials.
Effects of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Lime-Based Composites and their Compatibility with Traditional Lime-Based Mortars
Authors: Patrick Daliposa Karl , Bo-ot Luis Maria
Published: September 2024

This study explored the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse fibers into lime mortars to potentially enhance the mechanical properties and durability of materials used in heritage structures made of unreinforced masonry. Assessment of the mixes and their compatibility with the traditional lime mortar mix used in conservation projects in the Philippines was also performed. Five (5) mortar specimen types containing different fiber content were prepared, each with twelve (12) samples. Flexural strength, compressive strength, ductility, and modulus of elasticity comprise the mechanical properties investigated while visual properties, chemical and mineralogical composition, pore space, mechanical properties, and hydrophilic behavior comprise the criteria for computing incompatibility degrees (IDs). Being the mix traditionally used in local conservation works, Mortar L0 (plain mortar) served as the control. Results showed that Mortars L4.6 (4.6% fiber content), L7.6 (7.6% fiber content), and L10.7 (10.7% fiber content) generally had lower mechanical properties compared to Mortar L0, except for the 14% increase observed in the compressive strength of Mortar L4.6. Mortar L1.5 (1.5% fiber content) had the best results having significant improvement in overall mechanical strength. It exhibited 6.8% increase in flexural strength, 38% increase in compressive strength, and 69.4% increase in modulus of elasticity values. Mortars L1.5, L4.6, L7.6, and L10.7 were computed to have IDs equal to 3.6, 1.1, 1.8, and 3.3, respectively. These indicate low to medium low incompatibility with Mortar L0. These findings highlight the viability of sugarcane bagasse fibers as reinforcement for lime mortars while maintaining sufficient compatibility with traditional lime mixes.
Mechanical characterization of Glass Fibre-Reinforced Air Lime-Based Mortars
Authors: Zagaroli Armando , Kubica Jan
Published: September 2024

The basic issue in determining the deformational properties of masonry is to conduct a comprehensive experimental characterization of the masonry components' materials, including their mechanical properties. This characterization process is even more important for new sustainable mortar solutions, especially in the context of strengthening and renovating existing masonry buildings, including historic structures. The work presents and discusses the mechanical tests carried out on a mixed cement-lime mortar based on air lime and reinforced with the addition of industrial glass fibres. Mechanical testing on prisms (40 × 40 × 160 mm) and cylinders (60 diameter × 120 mm height) demonstrated the beneficial impact of fibres in the mortar mixture analysed specifically in terms of improved compressive, flexural and splitting post-peak behaviour.
Flatjack application on existing hollow concrete block masonry
Authors: Aris Parsekian Guilherme , Borges Ferreira Júnior Jairo , Maria Dalfré Gláucia , Marcio da Silva Roberto
Published: September 2024

This work aims to validate new flatjack in evaluating existing hollow concrete block masonry. The flatjack method is used as a non-destructive on-site test in masonry structures to obtain the actual stress-strain curve of masonry and estimate its strength. This method is already internationally standardized by ASTM and RILEM standard codes. However, most of the studies, standards, and available jacks refer to masonry with solid units, such as bricks and stones. The research adapted the deformability test performed on hollow block walls with the double flatjack to estimate the elasticity module and the masonry compressive strength, validating this technique as non-destructive. Experimental test using the newly developed equipment was performed in existing masonry buildings. The estimated strength results were compared to test results provided by the company responsible for the construction. The methodology using the new equipment proved good results. The adapted deformability test can be carried out on-site elements to estimate the properties of masonry made with hollow concrete blocks.