bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variable Saturation Infiltration Model for Highly Vegetated Regions
Authors: Polsinelli James , Kavvas M. Levent
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Observations have been made in studies that in watersheds with moist soils and lush vegetation, water does not pond on the soil surface, even during significant rainfall events. In these cases, all the water infiltrates into the soil. Furthermore, the water content in the pore space is below saturation. The tools for modeling such situations are limited. A universal method for estimating groundwater in the unsaturated zone is the Richards' equation, a non linear system of 1D or 3D equations based on physical flow principles. While effective, the difficulties in solving Richards' equation can pose a significant problem in a complex system, which may require extensive amounts of calibration and numerical effort in procuring a solution. A second method is based on the idea of approximating the movement of moisture through the soil as a rectangular profile, e.g. assuming that the water moves through a soil column like a piston. Rectangular profile methods have been developed in the past for cases in which ponding occurs at the surface, and the water content inside the column is at saturation. More general rectangular profile methods allow the water in the column to move at sub-saturation. Both of these existing methods involve solving a non linear algebraic equation for the hydrologic system, involving constant flux at the boundary, due to a wetting event such as rainfall. The method proposed in this article may be used for situations in which the soil does not become saturated, and the soil and rainfall properties, specifically the rates of hydraulic conductance and rate of rainfall respectively, are allowed to vary in space or time. The method proposed is based on a simple principle in infiltration hydrology, that the rate at which water will infiltrate through the soil equilibrates with the rate of rainfall, when the rate of rainfall is smaller than the infiltration capacity of the soil. In application, this method does not require the solution of a non linear algebraic (or differential) system of equations, thus affording modelers computational economy. Furthermore, this new method can be made to interact with the saturated profile methods in the event that the rainfall overwhelms the ability of soil to absorb moisture. If this happens, a portion of the field will come to saturation while other parts will be below saturation. The sub-saturation models can be made to interact with the redistribution and evapotranspiration processes by providing the initial and boundary condition for those events.
Vulnerability curves versus vulnerability indicators: application of an indicator-based methodology for debris-flow hazards
Authors: Papathoma-Köhle Maria
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The assessment of the physical vulnerability of elements at risk as part of the risk analysis is a very important aspect for the development of strategies and structural measures for risk reduction. Understanding, analysing and quantifying, if possible, physical vulnerability is a prerequisite for designing strategies and adopting tools for its reduction. The most common methods for assessing physical vulnerability are vulnerability matrices, vulnerability curves and vulnerability indicators, however, in most of the cases these methods are used in a conflicting way rather than in combination. The article focuses on two of these methods: the vulnerability curves and the vulnerability indicators. Vulnerability curves express physical vulnerability as a function of the intensity of the process and the degree of loss. However, a considerable amount of studies argue that vulnerability assessment should focus on the identification of these variables that influence the vulnerability of an element at risk (vulnerability indicators). In this study, an indicator-based vulnerability methodology for mountain hazards including debris flow (2012) is applied in a case study for debris flows in South Tyrol where in the past a vulnerability curve has been developed. The relatively "new" indicator-based method is being scrutinised and recommendations for its improvement are outlined. The comparison of the two methodological approaches and their results highlight their weaknesses and strengths, show clearly that both methodologies are necessary for the assessment of physical vulnerability and emphasise the need for a "holistic methodological framework" for physical vulnerability assessment.
Ion association in water solution of soil and vadose zone of chestnut saline solonetz as a driver of terrestrial carbon sink
Authors: Batukaev Abdul-Malik A. , Endovitsky Anatoly P. , Andreev Andrey G. , Kalinichenko Valery P. , Minkina Tatiana M. , Dikaev Zaurbek S. , Mandzhieva Saglara S. , Sushkova Svetlana N.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The assessment of soil and vadose zone as the drains for carbon sink and proper modeling of the effects and extremes of biogeochemical cycles in the terrestrial biosphere are the key components to understanding the carbon cycle, global climate system, and aquatic and terrestrial system uncertainties. Calcium carbonate equilibrium causes saturation of solution with CaCO3, and it determines its material composition, migration and accumulation of salts. In a solution electrically neutral ion pairs are formed: CaCO30, CaSO40, MgCO30, and MgSO40, as well as charged ion pairs CaHCO3+, MgHCO3+, NaCO3−, NaSO4−, CaOH+, and MgOH+. The calcium carbonate equilibrium algorithm, mathematical model and original software to calculate the real equilibrium forms of ions and to determine the nature of calcium carbonate balance in a solution were developed. This approach conducts the quantitative assessment of real ion forms of solution in solonetz soil and vadose zone of dry steppe taking into account the ion association at high ionic strength of saline soil solution. The concentrations of free and associated ion form were calculated according to analytical ion concentration in real solution. In the iteration procedure, the equations were used to find the following: ion material balance, a linear interpolation of equilibrium constants, a method of ionic pairs, the laws of initial concentration preservation, operating masses of equilibrium system, and the concentration constants of ion pair dissociation. The coefficient of ion association γe was determined as the ratio of ions free form to analytical content of ion γe = Cass∕Can. Depending on soil and vadose zone layer, concentration and composition of solution in the ionic pair's form are 11–52 % Ca2+; 22.2–54.6 % Mg2+; 1.1–10.5 % Na+; 3.7–23.8 HCO3−, 23.3–61.6 % SO42−, and up to 85.7 % CO32−. The carbonate system of soil and vadose zone water solution helps to explain the evolution of salted soils, vadose and saturation zones, and landscape. It also helps to improve the soil maintenance, plant nutrition and irrigation. The association of ions in soil solutions is one of the drivers promoting transformation of solution, excessive fluxes of carbon in the soil, and loss of carbon from soil through vadose zone.
Defining “State” for the Purpose of the International Criminal Court: The Problem Ahead after the Palestine Decision
Authors: Lee Hyeyoung
Published: March 2016

In April 2012, the former ICC Prosecutor Ocampo rejected Palestine’s declaration for accepting ICC jurisdiction. The prosecutor decided that only a “state” is eligible to accept ICC jurisdiction and Palestine was not a “state” according to the UN General Assembly. So after the UN General Assembly recognized the State of Palestine seven months later, Palestine, now eligible to accept ICC jurisdiction, resubmitted its declaration and acceded to the ICC Statute in early 2015. Incumbent Prosecutor Bensouda welcomed Palestine’s resubmission and confirmed that Palestine is considered a state from the date it was recognized by the UN General Assembly. This article examines the problems and implications of the prosecutors’ decision on Palestinian statehood, and ultimately suggests an alternative definition of “state” for the Rome Statute as a whole. In particular, this article acknowledges that, contrary to the prosecutor’s decision, a developed understanding of “state” within the other prescriptive areas of the Statute does not determine an entity’s statehood based on any formal recognition. This article also acknowledges a functional interpretation of “state” is often allowed for determining the scope of applicability of war crimes and the crime of aggression to include a non-recognized entity that exercises de facto governmental functions. Considering the usage of the term “state” in the Rome Statute as a whole, this article suggests that the definition of “state” should be based on the assessment about whether entities could be regarded as functionally equivalent to states that constitute the contextual elements of international crimes. This approach is in accordance with the broad framework of international law and practice, better serves the purpose of the Statute to end impunity of the most serious international crimes, and allows the prosecutor to focus on the criminal law, separating her office from political implications.
Do Super PACs Forfeit First Amendment Rights When They Restructure as Hybrid PACs?: The Implications of Vermont Right to Life Committee, Inc. v. Sorrell
Authors: Wozniak Brittney
Published: March 2016

Placeholder.
Nosocomial Burkholderia Cepacia Pseudo-Outbreak Due to Contaminated “Savlon” in the Bronchospy Unit
Authors: El Shafie S. S. , Al Sattar H. A. , Al Khal A. L. , Al Suob H. , Estinoso W.
Published: March 2016

Between 5th July and 22nd September 1999, forty-three patients were bronchoscoped of whom forty-one had samples sent for Microbiology i.e., eighty-two specimens (forty one broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and forty one bronchial wash(BW)). Of the eighty-two specimens, forty (from twenty patients) grew Burkholderia cepacia with or without other pathogens. None of the patients showed evidence of infection. Sputum cultures from all patients before bronchoscopy and during the episode of infection did not grow B. cepacia. “Savlon” (chlorhexidine and cetrimide; Schering-Plough), used for cleaning bronchoscopes was found to be contaminated with B. cepacia and acted as a source of contamination of the environment, bronchoscopes and samples of patients, leading to a pseudooutbreak.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) Doha, Qatar: A one-year survey
Authors: Kamha A. , Al Kaabi S. , Sattar H. A.
Published: March 2016

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Between June 1999 to May 2000 eight hundred and sixty patients were admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, 102 of whom (11.8%) were admitted with a diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The most common nationality was Qatari (42.2%) and the most common age group was between 50-60years old (28.4%). The most frequent cause of bleeding was peptic ulcer disease (50 patients) followed by variceal bleeding. Our results are compatible with other reports.
Criteria for Diagnosing Brain Death
Authors: Osman Magdi Hassan
Published: March 2016

Definition:

Brain death is the cessation and irreversibility of all brain function, including brain stem.
The Role of ThermaChoice™ and MEA™ in Managing Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Abukhalil I. H. , Raheem M.
Published: March 2016

Menorrhagia and dysfunctional uterine bleeding are com-mon indications for referral to a gynecologist. One in 20 women aged 30-49 will consult her general practitioner every year com-plaining of heavy uterine bleeding. Over 70,000 hysterecto-mies are performed annually in the UK with menorrhagia being the commonest indication. In up to 30% of these cases the uterus is anatomically normal. To these women, heavy uterine bleed-ing brings considerable stress and disruption to their social, domestic and professional lives. In the UK, the cost of primary care prescriptions for the treatment of menorrhagia was esti-mated in 1998 to be around £7 million. Gynecologists have looked at less radical but effective alternatives to hysterectomy for the treatment of heavy uterine bleeding. While the MISTLE-TOE* audit had demonstrated a pivotal role for less extreme yet successful interventions than hysterectomy for the treatment of bleeding problems, there were some setbacks. Special skills are needed to perform rollerball and diathermy loop resections of the endometrium. As well as the risk of serious intra-opera-tive complications the techniques are relatively time consum-ing to perform. In the MISTLETOE audit there were two direct deaths as a consequence of the procedure and 1.26% of patients required emergency surgery. This review looks at two new in-terventions available for clinical use, in the short term they have both proven to be successful and safe in the management of heavy uterine bleeding. Individually, they offer distinct advan-tages in the successful treatment of heavy uterine bleeding with-out the disadvantages of major surgery or medical treatment. They are both relatively easy to learn and do not require ad-vanced hysteroscopic skills. A major step forward is the suit-ability for outpatient setting.
Updates in Pediatrics Basic Life Support:An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Salam A. M. , Azzam S. B. , Numan M. , Al Haroob A. , Al Musleh A. W. , Gehani A. A.
Published: March 2016

The American Heart Association, together with representatives from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), which is made up of leading resuscitation organizations from the Americas, Europe, Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, undertook a series of evidence-based evaluations of the science of resuscitation which culminated in the publication of ’Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care’ in August 2000 tL2). Experts from non-ILCOR organizations from Asia and elsewhere also participated in drawing up the guidelines.
The Clinical Management of Scorpion Stings in Children
Authors: El Amin E. O.
Published: March 2016

Management of scorpion envenomation in children is a difficult problem. The envenomation syndrome is not very well understood in humans although there has been extensive work on animal envenomation. This is an attempt to bring together the two experiences in order to produce an acceptable management protocol for envenomation in children. This protocol is based on the management of more than 2,500 cases over a period of seven years in Saudi Arabia where the mortality was about five per cent at the start and zero at the end. The management protocol adopted there in 1992 was a result of serious work on clinical data from Ministry of Health hospitals and laboratory work in the pharmacology department of the faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University
Curva de sobrevivência à luz ultravioleta do azospirlllum brasilense (BEIJERIWCK, 1925)
Authors: Arantes Olivia Márcia Nagy
Published: March 2016

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Estudo do Azospirillum brasilense, bactéria fixadora de nitrogênio em gramíneas, com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para estudos genéticos sobre o A. brasilense através da determinação da curva de sobrevivência do microrganismo à luz ultravioleta. Estabeleceu-se o tempo de exposição à radiação de 1 minuto e obteve-se uma taxa de 5% de sobreviventes, representando uma dose recomendável para a indução de mutações, desde que se expõe suficientemente o DNA da bactéria ao agente mutagênico, sem contudo reduzir drasticamente a população irradiada, o que tornaria muito baixa a frequência de mutantes após o tratamento.
Sobre a conservação dos morcegos
Authors: Reis Nélio Roberto dos
Published: March 2016

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Estudo do papel dos morcegos na comunidade. Análise de sua importância como dispersores de sementes, polinizadores, controladores de população de insetos e outros benefícios. Considerações sobre seus possíveis danos a árvores frutíferas sobre as doenças que podem transmitir ao homem e ao gado, assim como o aspecto da conservação do grupo.
Ajuste empírico da curva de calibração do termopar Chromel-Alumel através de calçuladoras programáveis
Authors: Juraitis Klemensas Rimgaudas
Published: March 2016

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Uma regressão polonomial pode ser utilizada com precisão, utilizando-se certas calculadoras programáveis. No presente trabalho apresenta-se, da maneira didática, um programa de regressão polinomial, usando-se uma calculadora programável Texas Tl-59, exemplificando-se o método através do ajuste de uma curva de calibração de um termopar Chromel-Alumel na faixa de temperatura de 0 a 1200 graus centígrados.
Fundamentos de pesquisa institucional
Authors: Espírito Santo Alexandre Do
Published: March 2016

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Descrição de problemas relativos à integração e liderança múltipla em universidades brasileiras. Apresentam-se modelos para o envolvimento dos cinco grupos componentes do sistema universitário. Descrição, discussão e interpretação de técnicas aplicadas em pesquisa institucional, visando à implementação dos modelos de integração e liderança múltipla.
Associações entre doenças e marcadores genéticos não ligados ao HLA
Authors: Nogueira Christine Pietraróia
Published: March 2016

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Trabalho de revisão bibliográfica mostrando as associações mais bem estabelecidas entre doenças e marcadores genéticos não ligados ao HLA e sua importância médica.
Estudo somatotipologico em graduandos de educação física
Authors: Guedes Dartagnan Pinto
Published: March 2016

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Determinação do somatotipo através do método antropométrico de Heath-Carter em graduandos de educação física recém-ingressados na Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Foram avaliados 107 acadêmicos de ambos os sexos, sendo 48 masculinos e 59 femininos. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi possível observar uma predominância do componente endomorfo no sexo feminino e do componente mesomorfo no sexo masculino. Comparando-se os valores obtidos neste estudo, com os resultados encontrados em outras universidades brasileiras e estrangeiras, foi observado uma certa similaridade entre graduandos do sexo masculino, entretanto, no sexo feminino, encontrou-se somatotipos idênticos apenas entre as universidades brasileiras, e, quando comparados com amostras estrangeiras evidenciou-se diferenças significativas entre os somatotipos médios. Analisa-se ainda, a hetereogeneidade da amostra e alguns fatores que poderiam contribuir para que tais diferenças fossem encontradas entre acadêmicas do sexo feminino.
Prevalência de infecções hospitalares e comunitárias e uso de anti microbianos em pacientes internados no mês de janeiro de 1981 no Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte Do Paraná (HURNP). II. Uso de anti microbianos em geral
Authors: Jabur Álvaro , Berbert Alair Alfredo , Baldy José Luis da Silveira , Turini Tercilio Luiz , Crema Sueli
Published: March 2016

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Análise, na casuística caracterizada na primeira parte (I) deste trabalho, do uso de antimicrobianos, isolados ou múltiplos, indicados para o tratamento de diversos tipos de infecções hospitalares e comunitárias, considerando-se o padrão de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos, in vitro, dos microrganismos isolados. Faz-se também análise dos doentes com infecção hospitalar cuja morte foi atribuída à doença infecciosa, descrevendo-se o padrão de resistência dos microrganismos isolados aos antibióticos prescritos.
Ensaio terapêutico com o Ketoconazol na pitiríase versicolor
Authors: Minelli Lorivaldo , Dagher Leila
Published: March 2016

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Experimentação terapêutico-laboratorial com o Ketoconazol na Pitiríase Versicolor, obtendo os seguintes resultados: - Curados, 16 (88,88%) pacientes; Melhorados, 2 pacientes (11,11%), Inalterados e Piorados, nenhum caso (0,00%), no total de 18 doentes estudados. Do ponto de vista laboratorial, houve negativação dos exames micológicos em 100,00% dos casos.
Contribuição ao estudo do alcoolismo: repercussões anti-sociais
Authors: Nunes Sandra Vargas
Published: March 2016

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Análise de 31 casos de alcoolismo com o objetivo de verificar se a relação entre alcoolismo e atos anti-sociais se apresenta como um nexo de causa e efeito ou se, independentemente do alcoolismo, o indivíduo já praticava atos anti-sociais. A pesquisa foi realizada através de questionários-entrevista, fazendo-se um levantamento biográfico dos indivíduos desde a sua concepção até o momento atual. Verificou-se também sua adaptação ao meio familiar, social, escolar e profissional e a prática de atos anti-sociais na infância, de acordo com a classificação de GRUNSP Chegou-se à conclusão de que o nexo causal entre alcoolismo e atos anti-sociais apresenta-se como acidental e o alcoolismo não constitui necessariamente um fato responsável direto e único pelos atos anti-sociais, mas associado a fatores diversos, liberando instintos hetero-agressivos presentes nos indivíduos, mas reprimidos até então.
Metapoesia: para uma poética da poesia - Terceira parte: o poeta
Authors: Lima Enoque Balbino
Published: March 2016

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O Poema - 3a. e última parte da tese apresentada à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Porto Alegre para obtenção do titulo de Livre-Docente. No presente estudo, com base em "pesquisa de campo" e na metalinguagem da poesia, enfoca-se o conceito, natureza e espécies de poemas. Entende-se por poema, no presente artigo, não só o poema convencional, mas toda expressão "poética" (mítica) da "vida" e da natureza. Neste trabalho discute-se especificamente o Poema. O poema escrito, discurso verbal ( o "poema que o Poeta escreveu"); o poema da vida (o "poema que Alguém escreveu") e o poema da natureza (o "poema que Ninguém escreveu'').
Commonalities in the English Tort and French Criminal Wrong of Defamation
Authors: Groppo Mathilde
Published: March 2016

Commonalities in the English Tort and French Criminal Wrong of Defamation

This article considers the extent to which the nature of the regulation – tortious or criminal – influences the substantive content of the rules in England and France. It argues that the English and French regulatory features are the result of path dependence. Consequently, while they have led to substantive differences, they do not prevent the emergence of a shared approach to the wrong.
Recovery of Gram-Positive Cocci and Candida albicans from Peroxygen/Silver-Based Disinfectants
Authors: EISSA MOSTAFA E. , NOUBY AHMED S.
Published: March 2016

Neutralization method evaluation is an important first step in a disinfectant validation study program. It is also crucial in assessment of the efficiency of microbial recovery media in the presence of a residual biocidal agent. In the present study, four commercially available peroxygen/silver-based disinfectant formulae – intended to be used in a pharmaceutical facility sanitization program – were tested at two dilutions against three Gram-positive cocci and one yeast; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Kucoria rhizophila (ATCC 9341) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Staphylococcus capitis as an environmental monitoring (EM) isolate sample (identified by miniaturized biochemical identification system). Disinfectants preparation, dilutions and the test procedure were carried on in laboratory under conditions simulating the working environment of 20–25°C and RH% 40–60. In-house made neutralizing broth was mixed with biocidal agents to make two dilutions of each disinfectant forming Peroxygen: neutralizing broth ratios of 1:10 and 1:100 (v/v). Three populations were established and two comparison ratio groups were examined, namely neutralizer efficacy and neutralizer toxicity. Two acceptance criteria were tested. One criterion showed higher rate of neutralization success than the other. S. aureus showed the highest rate of successful microbial recovery from neutralization process. The Disinfectant (Bixco) was exceptionally neutralized at all dilutions with all microorganisms. In conclusion, in-house made neutralizing broth effectively neutralized all disinfectants with all the tested microorganisms at 1:100 (v/v); thus, it can be used in sanitizer validation studies and EM media.
The Functions of Effector Proteins in Yersinia Virulence
Authors: ZHANG LINGLIN , MEI MENG , YU CHAN , SHEN WENWEN , MA LIXIN , HE JIEWANG , YI LI
Published: March 2016

Yersinia species are bacterial pathogens that can cause plague and intestinal diseases after invading into human cells through the Three Secretion System (TTSS). The effect of pathogenesis is mediated by Yersinia outer proteins (Yop) and manifested as down-regulation of the cytokine genes expression by inhibiting nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, its pathogenesis can also manipulate the disorder of host innate immune system and cell death such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Among the Yersinia effector proteins, YopB and YopD assist the injection of other virulence effectors into the host cytoplasm, while YopE, YopH, YopJ, YopO, and YopT target on disrupting host cell signaling pathways in the host cytosols. Many efforts have been applied to reveal that intracellular proteins such as Rho-GTPase, and transmembrane receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) both play critical roles in Yersinia pathogenesis, establishing a connection between the pathogenic process and the signaling response. This review will mainly focus on how the effector proteins of Yersinia modulate the intrinsic signals in host cells and disturb the innate immunity of hosts through TTSS.
A Hands-Free Interface for Controlling Virtual Electric-Powered Wheelchairs
Authors: Gulrez Tauseef , Tognetti Alessandro , Yoon Woon Jong , Kavakli Manolya , Cabibihan John-John
Published: March 2016

This paper focuses on how to provide mobility to people with motor impairments with the integration of robotics and wearable computing systems. The burden of learning to control powered mobility devices should not fall entirely on the people with disabilities. Instead, the system should be able to learn the user's movements. This requires learning the degrees of freedom of user movement, and mapping these degrees of freedom onto electric-powered wheelchair (EPW) controls. Such mapping cannot be static because in some cases users will eventually improve with practice. Our goal in this paper is to present a hands-free interface (HFI) that can be customized to the varying needs of EPW users with appropriate mapping between the users' degrees of freedom and EPW controls. EPW users with different impairment types must learn how to operate a wheelchair with their residual body motions. EPW interfaces are often customized to fit their needs. An HFI utilizes the signals generated by the user's voluntary shoulder and elbow movements and translates them into an EPW control scheme. We examine the correlation of kinematics that occur during moderately paced repetitive elbow and shoulder movements for a range of motion. The output of upper-limb movements (shoulder and elbows) was tested on six participants, and compared with an output of a precision position tracking (PPT) optical system for validation. We find strong correlations between the HFI signal counts and PPT optical system during different upper-limb movements (ranged from r = 0.86 to 0.94). We also tested the HFI performance in driving the EPW in a virtual reality environment on a spinal-cord-injured (SCI) patient. The results showed that the HFI was able to adapt and translate the residual mobility of the SCI patient into efficient control commands within a week's training. The results are encouraging for the development of more efficient HFIs, especially for wheelchair users.
Determination of critical flow velocity for tube-bundle with application of numerical investigation method
Authors: Samolysov Alexey , Kaplunov Saveliy , Vales Natalia , Marchevskaya Olga , Dronova Elena
Published: March 2016

The work is devoted to the creation and application of mathematical models for the most dangerous oscillation excitation mechanisms of tubes and cylindrical form bluff structures in liquid or gas flow, as well as to the creation of efficient computational methods for description of these models. A numerical investigation method of hydrodynamic forces arising from a  separated flow and tube-bundle oscillations excited by these forces was developed by the authors. The method is based on the  application of created original tube-bundle hydroelastic oscillation excitation in a cross-flow mathematical model. Hydroelastic excitation problem is reduced to the stability analysis of undisturbed state of elastic tubes. Analysis is conducted with the assumption of linearity of the destabilizing forces. On the basis of the mathematical model, the necessary and sufficient condition for the  stability, expressed through the  dimensionless system parameters (mass, damping, velocity), was obtained. Numerical identification of the  linear hydrodynamic connection matrix algorithm for particular tube-bundles was elaborated. Verification of algorithm and programs based on it was performed by results of simulations and available experimental data correlation. A method for determination of a linear hydrodynamic connection matrix for tube-bundles with a regular arrangement of the cross-section was offered. It is based on computation of a relatively small, but sufficient for reliable results, part of the tube-bundle.
Electricity saving in households due to the market liberalization and change in the consumer behaviour
Authors: Bažbauers Gatis , Bariss Uldis , Timma Lelde , Lauka Dace , Blumberga Andra , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: March 2016

In case of opening the electricity market, various factors interact with each other. Although research has been done on various factors affecting the liberal electricity market, little attention has been paid to studying the dynamic relations between the actors involved in the liberal electricity market and projections on electricity consumption in households. The main aim of the research is to explore both short- and long-term effects on the electricity consumption at liberal market conditions by modelling various development scenarios. The electricity market in operation in Latvia was used as the case study. For the simulation of electricity market liberalization, system dynamics has been chosen. This method can determine electricity savings in case of electricity market opening, because system dynamics allows conducting simulation of complex systems and analysing the obtained data to forecast probability of the development of several scenarios. Obtained results show that cumulative electricity savings in households could reach 560 GWh by the end of 2020 due to the opening of the electricity market, implementation of energy saving measures and other reasons. In case of scenario analysis using the change of consumption behaviour, it was obtained that the cumulative electricity saving could be almost twice as big if the majority of households were guided by the environmental concerns. Although the system dynamics model was based on the Latvian case study, its general application to other countries and electricity markets is also possible.
Neries hidroenergija
Authors: Jablonskis Jonas , Meilutytė-Lukauskienė Diana
Published: March 2016

Straipsnyje Neries pavyzdžiu tiriama upių tėkmė kaip mechaninės hidroenergijos šaltinis, kurį sudaro potencinė ir kinetinė hidroenergija. Šių hidroenergijų kiekis ir santykis  –  svarbūs įsisavinant vietinius atsinaujinančius energijos išteklius. Duomenų bazė sudaryta iš 1:25000 mastelio topografiniuose žemėlapiuose pateiktų hidrografinių charakteristikų, kurios atspindi upės nuosėkio laikotarpį. Sudarytos upės tėkmės greičio, pločio, gylio, skerspjūvio ploto ir nuolydžio duomenų eilės, atlikta jų kaitos pagal tėkmę analizė. Neries tėkmės skerspjūviams iš kinetinės ir potencinės energijų atskirai apskaičiuotos galios Pk ir Pp bei jų santykis – Frudo skaičius Ḟr. Tyrimas parodė, kad upės nuosėkio metu esant tėkmės greičiui v = 0,5–0,6 m/s, kinetinė galia siekia 0,34–2,3 % potencinės galios. Manome, kad būtina išsamiau ištirti šalies upių srovės greičius ir gylius, jų hidroenergetinius išteklius.
The mediatization of journalism
Authors: Kammer Aske
Published: March 2016

Proposing an explanation of current macro-sociological changes and institutional transformations in journalism, this article argues that journalism is currently undergoing a process of mediatization. Drawing upon the international research literature as well as statements from interviews with news workers working on Danish news websites, the article examines four current trends in journalism that are closely connected to the rise of news on the web, namely the use of the affordances of news websites, radical commercialization, increased audience participation in news production, and the increased multi-skilling and simultaneous de-skilling of journalists. Taken together, these trends reflect a process through which journalism increasingly subsumes itself to the logic of the media, suggesting mediatization as an adequate explanatory framework. One implication of such a process is that journalism seems to be transforming from an occupational profession into an organizational one.
'Don Fabio' and the taming of the three lions: the discursive construction of a foreign England manager's identity in the sports online written media
Authors: Heaney Dermot Brendan
Published: March 2016

This article considers the appointment of a foreign manager to coach a national football team from the perspective of discursive identity construction. The data is comprised of three corpora of online versions of newspaper articles, each corresponding to a phase in Fabio Capello’s first two years of tenure. Reflecting current trends in Critical Discourse Analysis, qualitative close analysis is carried out on two articles from each corpus while quantitative analysis is extended across each corpus to identify salient and consistent aspects of discursive identity construction. Exploiting the multi-disciplinary basis of CDA, the data is examined in terms of transitivity, lexis (comprising vocabulary, collocation, deixis, and intertextuality), and narrative identity construction. Micro-analysis of grammatical and linguistic patterns is applied to indicate patterns in press coverage in each phase, and a corresponding overview considers how aspects of identity work diffused through each corpus cohere into general storylines.
‘Barbarous cruelty at the British Museum’: mediatization, authority, and reputation in nineteenth-century England
Authors: Cavanagh Allison
Published: March 2016

This article considers the usefulness of mediatization theories in historical studies of the media. Using a series of letters published in the UK newspaper The Times between 1885 and 1886 as an example, the article examines the way in which processes of mediatization developed alongside the institutions of social and cultural power by which they were reflexively constituted. On the basis of Hjarvard’s distinction between direct and indirect forms of mediatization, the paper looks at the ways in which the enunciation of moral authority and personal reputation were transformed by their incorporation into mediatized culture. At the same time, it is argued that mediatization is not a standalone process but is, rather, part of a wider set of social processes. The article reflects on the contribution of mediatization theories to developing a rounded picture of media history.
Det medialiserede museum: digitale teknologiers transformation af museernes formidling
Authors: Rudloff Maja
Published: March 2016

Gennem de sidste tyve år har digitale teknologier fået en stigende og mere betydningsfuld plads i museernes kommunikation og formidling. Denne artikels påstand er, at museumsformidlingens digitalisering kan ses som resultat af en medialiseringsproces, der kan kædes sammen med et kulturpolitisk og museumsteoretisk fokus på digital formidling, hvor brugeroplevelse, interaktivitet og deltagelse er centrale begreber. Artiklen argumenterer for, at de digitale mediers anderledes kommunikations-, repræsentations- og receptionsformer, samt de interaktive og sociale handlemuligheder, de faciliterer for brugerne, medvirker til at transformere museet som institution. Det konkluderes, at relationen mellem museum, samling og brugere kan ses ændret på forskellig vis ved mediernes mellemkomst, og at den sociale handling, som museumsbesøget traditionelt udgør, er transformeret og til dels indordnet nye medieskabte former for kommunikation og handlen. I et mere overordnet perspektiv kan artiklen ses som et bidrag til en fortsat diskussion af den rolle, som museerne skal indtage i et medialiseret samfund.
En kvantitativ metode til analyse af radio
Authors: Lejre Christine , Kristensen Nete Nørgaard
Published: March 2016

I den danske såvel som den internationale radiolitteratur er bud på metoder til analyse af radiomediet sparsomme. Det skyldes formentlig, at radiomediet er svært at analysere, fordi det er et medie, der ikke er visualiseret i form af billeder eller understøttet af printet tekst. Denne artikel har til formål at beskrive en ny kvantitativ metode til analyse af radio, der tager særligt hensyn til radiomediets modalitet – lyd struktureret som et lineært forløb i tid. Metoden understøtter dermed både radiomediet som et medie i tid og som et blindt medie. Metoden er udviklet i forbindelse med en komparativ analyse af kulturprogrammer på P1 og Radio24syv lavet for Danmarks Radio. Artiklen peger på, at metoden er velegnet til analyse af ikke kun radio, men også andre medieplatforme samt forskellige journalistiske stofområder.
Everyday elites, citizens, or extremists? Assessing the use and users of non-election political hashtags
Authors: Larsson Anders Olof
Published: March 2016

As research has indicated, what are sometimes described as traditional forms of political-parliamentary participation are dwindling in most Western democracies, and the Internet has often been pointed to as harboring the means to hinder these developments. While empirical studies on these matters have at best provided mixed results, social media services, like Twitter, have yet again fanned the flames of the most enthusiastic debaters. This paper moves beyond the often-studied context of parliamentary elections and instead offers a structural study of everyday political discussions on Twitter. Specifically, tweets from political contexts in Sweden and Norway are collected and analyzed with a specific focus on the top users and their activities. Results indicate that while thematic Twitter discussions can indeed serve as a potential channel for citizens, the influence of established as well as political extremist actors is also clearly discerned.
Political communication research: New media, new challenges, and new opportunities
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus Kleis
Published: March 2016

The rise of new media and the broader set of social changes they are part of present political communication research with new challenges and new opportunities at a time when many think the field is at an intellectual impasse (e.g., Bennett & Iyengar, 2008). In this article, I argue that parts of the field’s problems are rooted in the way in which political communication research has developed since the 1960s. In this period, the field has moved from being interdisciplinary and mixed-methods to being more homogenous and narrowly focused, based primarily on ideas developed in social psychology, certain strands of political science, and the effects-tradition of mass communication research. This dominant paradigm has contributed much to our understanding of some aspects of political communication. But it is struggling to make sense of many others, including questions concerning people’s experience of political communication processes and questions concerning the symbolic, institutional, and technological nature of these processes—especially during a time of often rapid change. To overcome this problem, I argue that the field of political communication research should re-engage with the rest of media and communication studies and embrace a broader and more diverse agenda. I discuss audience research and journalism studies as examples of adjacent fields that use a more diverse range of theoretical and methodological tools that might help political communication research engage with new media and the new challenges and new opportunities for research that they represent.
Satisfying personal needs at the museum: The role of digital technologies
Authors: Myrczik Eva Pina
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates how museum visitors use digital technologies to mediate their general meaning-making process about artworks and other information they encounter throughout their museum experience. Concluding from a case study at the National Gallery of Denmark in Copenhagen, this study suggests that visitors use digital technologies as a vehicle for satisfying one or more personal needs. In order to gain control over their experience, visitors used not only digital technologies provided by the museum but also their personal technologies. The article argues that both museums and visitors will derive great benefits by understanding the ways in which people process multimedia messages and by implementing these principles of multimedia learning into the design of digital technologies at museums. The data also suggest that museums should especially support visitors in using technology with which they are already familiar and embed it in the museum experience.
Det digitale imperativ: En epistemologisk bestræbelse
Authors: Jensen Sisse Siggaard
Published: March 2016

I denne artikel argumenteres der for, at forskning inden for feltet tredje-bølge digital humaniora er væsentlig for vores forståelse af, hvordan de sociale netværksmediers digitale infrastrukturer og datastrømme – status-opdateringer, selv-profilering, mikro-koordinering, mikro-blogging og vlogging – i stigende grad påvirker menneskelige relationer og ‘the structure of feeling’ (Berry, 2012). Som led i at underbygge dette synspunkt analyseres fire emergente temaer baseret på Facebook-data: Facebook-venner, Events, Self-profilering og Stalking. Analyserne tager afsæt i data, der er tilvejebragt gennem kondensering af design-konceptformuleringer fra 73 unge studerende (alder 20-24) som led i et universitetskursus inden for feltet digital humaniora (2013). To begrebspar er centrale for analyserne: ‘Forbundethed og forbindelser’ (van Dijck, 2013) og ‘synlighed og overvågning’ (Bucher, 2012). Der identificeres en række spændingsfelter mellem interpersonelle normer og påvirkningerne fra Facebook-datastrømme i forhold til: Venskab, troværdighed, ansvarlighed, prestige, selvpromovering og fælles interesser. Det konkluderes, at en væsentlig erkendelsesteoretiske bestræbelse for forskning inden for tredje-bølge digital humaniora må være at producere viden, der kan bidrage til vores individuelle såvel som kollektive forståelse af de mange spændingsfelter, der opstår i datastrømmenes og de menneskelige relationers gensidige påvirkning. Denne bestræbelse er sammenfattet i artiklens titel ‘det digitale imperativ’.