bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esaki Diode Behavior in Highly Uniform MoS2/Silicon Carbide Heterojunctions
Authors: Giannazzo Filippo , Panasci Salvatore E. , Schilirò Emanuela , Roccaforte Fabrizio , Koos Antal , Nemeth Miklos , Pécz Béla
Published: July 2022

The heterogeneous integration with 2D materials enables new functionalities and novel devices in state‐of‐the‐art bulk (3D) semiconductors. In this work, highly uniform MoS2 heterostructures with silicon carbide (4H‐SiC) are obtained by a facile synthesis method, highly compatible with semiconductor fab processing, i.e., the sulfurization of predeposited very‐thin (≈1.2 nm) Mo films at a temperature of 700 °C. Current–voltage characteristics of MoS2/n+‐4H‐SiC junctions collected by conductive atomic force microscopy show a pronounced negative differential resistance even at room temperature, which is a typical manifestation of band‐to‐band tunneling between degenerately p+‐/n+‐doped semiconductors. Here, the degenerate p+‐type doping of MoS2, with Nholes ≈ 4 × 1019 cm−3 evaluated by Raman mapping, is ascribed to the significant MoO3 content in the film, as demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Furthermore, atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal the presence of an ultrathin (≈1 nm) SiO2 tunneling barrier between MoS2 and 4H‐SiC, formed during the sulfurization process. The observation of Esaki diode behavior in MoS2 heterojunctions with 4H‐SiC opens new perspectives for this material system as a platform for ultrafast low‐power consumption digital applications.
Metasurface‐Assisted Optical Encryption Carrying Camouflaged Information
Authors: Deng Juan , Li Zile , Li Jiaxin , Zhou Zhou , Gao Fan , Qiu Chenghao , Yan Bo
Published: July 2022

The superior capability of light manipulation makes optical metasurfaces capable of high‐quality multichannel displays, demonstrating great potential in high‐security optical encryption. Different from the previous multichannel nanoprinting metasurfaces based on the sophisticated nanostructure design, Malus metasurface can obtain multichannel meta‐images only by arranging the orientations of single‐sized nanostructures and thus have gained great attention. Here, an optical encryption scheme based on single‐sized nanostructures is proposed by introducing camouflage strategy into Malus metasurfaces design processes to store multiple meta‐images in different encryption levels. Experimental results demonstrate that the preset camouflage meta‐image can be decoded by inserting a filter and a polarizer in the incident light path, while the decryption of real meta‐image requires not only the insertion of a filter and polarizer in the incident optical path, but also the insertion of an analyzer in the outgoing optical path and setting them to the specific polarization direction. This work eliminates the consistency of encryption level in conventional multi‐channel Malus metasurface, builds the differences of preset camouflage information and real information in decryption difficulty, and easily merges with other works, thereby paving a new way toward a high‐security optical encryption technology.
An Umpolung Route to Amides from α‐Aminonitriles under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Swetha Sathyendran , Chandru Senadi Gopal
Published: July 2022

A metal‐free, base‐mediated decyanation of α‐aminonitriles has been developed to synthesize secondary and tertiary amides using O2 or air as an amide oxygen source. Radical scavenging studies disclosed that the cleavage of C−CN bond may proceed via an anionic pathway. The practicality of the work was also demonstrated through an in situ generated α‐aminonitriles from corresponding aldehydes and amines to afford amides. The important features of this work include broad functional group compatibility, 41% to 89% product yields, gram‐scale synthesis of 2° and 3° amides, broad substrate scope, and an umpolung strategy.

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Harnessing cGAS‐STING Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy: From Bench to Clinic
Authors: Lee DaeYong , Huntoon Kristin , Kang Minjeong , Lu Yifei , Gallup Thomas , Jiang Wen , Kim Betty Y. S.
Published: July 2022

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have accomplished clinical successes in certain cancer models over the past decade. However, cancer treatments with adoptive cell transfer or immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have shown critical limitations against solid tumors, which comprise the majority of human cancers. Thus, novel cancer immunotherapy which harnesses innate immunity process may be required in these tumor types. Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, one of the innate immune sensors, has gained interest in the field of immuno‐oncology as activation of this pathway can drive both innate and adaptive immune responses among immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Recently, various cGAS‐STING‐activating strategies have been intensively investigated to achieve durable and widespread therapeutic responses in in vivo models. These meaningful preclinical outcomes have enabled several clinical trials. This review discusses agents targeting various aspects of the cGAS‐STING pathway in cancer immunotherapy from benchtop to bedside. Moreover, various approaches to improve the clinical feasibility of cGAS‐STING‐activating strategies are delineated.
In Situ Generation of Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets in Carbon Matrix for High Energy Density Photo‐Responsive Supercapacitors
Authors: Tang Zhenbin , Dai Juguo , Wei Wenkang , Gao Zhi , Liang Zhixuan , Wu Chenzhi , Zeng Birong , Xu Yiting , Chen Guorong , Luo Weiang , Yuan Conghui , Dai Lizong
Published: July 2022

Stimuli‐responsive supercapacitors have attracted broad interest in constructing self‐powered smart devices. However, due to the demand for high cyclic stability, supercapacitors usually utilize stable or inert electrode materials, which are difficult to exhibit dynamic or stimuli‐responsive behavior. Herein, this issue is addressed by designing a MoS2@carbon core‐shell structure with ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets incorporated in the carbon matrix. In the three‐electrode system, MoS2@carbon delivers a specific capacitance of 1302 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 and shows a 90% capacitance retention after 10 000 charging‐discharging cycles. The MoS2@carbon‐based asymmetric supercapacitor displays an energy density of 75.1 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 900 W kg−1. Because the photo‐generated electrons can efficiently migrate from MoS2 nanosheets to the carbon matrix, the assembled photo‐responsive supercapacitor can answer the stimulation of ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared illumination by increasing the capacitance. Particularly, under the stimulation of UV light (365 nm, 0.08 W cm−2), the device exhibits a ≈4.50% (≈13.9 F g−1) increase in capacitance after each charging‐discharging cycle. The study provides a guideline for designing multi‐functional supercapacitors that serve as both the energy supplier and the photo‐detector.
Opportunities and Challenges of Li2C4O4 as Pre‐Lithiation Additive for the Positive Electrode in NMC622||Silicon/Graphite Lithium Ion Cells
Authors: Gomez‐Martin Aurora , Gnutzmann Maike Michelle , Adhitama Egy , Frankenstein Lars , Heidrich Bastian , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias
Published: July 2022

Silicon (Si)‐based negative electrodes have attracted much attention to increase the energy density of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) but suffer from severe volume changes, leading to continuous re‐formation of the solid electrolyte interphase and consumption of active lithium. The pre‐lithiation approach with the help of positive electrode additives has emerged as a highly appealing strategy to decrease the loss of active lithium in Si‐based LIB full‐cells and enable their practical implementation. Here, the use of lithium squarate (Li2C4O4) as low‐cost and air‐stable pre‐lithiation additive for a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)‐based positive electrode is investigated. The effect of additive oxidation on the electrode morphology and cell electrochemical properties is systematically evaluated. An increase in cycle life of NMC622||Si/graphite full‐cells is reported, which grows linearly with the initial amount of Li2C4O4, due to the extra Li+ ions provided by the additive in the first charge. Post mortem investigations of the cathode electrolyte interphase also reveal significant compositional changes and an increased occurrence of carbonates and oxidized carbon species. This study not only demonstrates the advantages of this pre‐lithiation approach but also features potential limitations for its practical application arising from the emerging porosity and gas development during decomposition of the pre‐lithiation additive.
Narrowing the Phase Distribution of Quasi‐2D Perovskites for Stable Deep‐Blue Electroluminescence
Authors: Nah Yoonseo , Solanki Devan , Dong Yitong , Röhr Jason A. , Taylor André D. , Hu Shu , Sargent Edward H. , Kim Dong Ha
Published: July 2022

Solution‐processed quasi‐2D perovskites contain multiple quantum wells with a broad width distribution. Inhomogeneity results in the charge funneling into the smallest bandgap components, which hinders deep‐blue emission and accelerates Auger recombination. Here, a synthetic strategy applied to a range of quasi‐2D perovskite systems is reported, that significantly narrows the quantum well dispersity. It is shown that the phase distribution in the perovskite film is significantly narrowed with controlled, simultaneous evaporation of solvent and antisolvent. Modulation of film formation kinetics of quasi‐2D perovskite enables stable deep‐blue electroluminescence with a peak emission wavelength of 466 nm and a narrow linewidth of 14 nm. Light emitting diodes using the perovskite film show a maximum luminance of 280 cd m–2 at an external quantum efficiency of 0.1%. This synthetic approach will serve in producing new materials widening the color gamut of next‐generation displays.
2D Outer Side Chain‐Incorporated Y Acceptors for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Nonhalogenated Solvent and Annealing‐Free Process
Authors: Park Jin Su , Sun Cheng , Han Yunghee , Kim Geon-U , Phan Tan Ngoc-Lan , Kim Yun-Hi , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: July 2022

To fabricate high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) by green solvent processing, it is essential to control the aggregation behavior and processability of constituent small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs). Herein, a series of SMAs (A1–A4) with enhanced aggregation behavior and processability is developed by replacing the linear alkyl outer side chains of BTP‐eC9 with 2D functional groups. The PM6:A1 SMA blend exhibits appropriate crystallinity, favorable blend morphology, superior electrical properties, and affords an OSC with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.8%. Importantly, the OSC is fabricated using a nonhalogenated solvent (ortho‐xylene), annealing‐free process. In contrast, the reference PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based OSC exhibits a lower PCE of 15.3%. Structural analyses reveal that the 2D outer side chains of A1 induce steric hindrance between its dithienothiophen[3,2‐b]‐pyrrolobenzothiadiazole (BTP) core and the 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile end groups, optimizing its molecular planarity and aggregation property. It is further found that the SMAs with chlorinated IC end groups afford OSCs with higher PCEs than SMAs with fluorinated end groups.
A Real‐Time In Situ Demonstration of Direct and Indirect Transformation Pathways in CdTe Magic‐Size Clusters at Room Temperature
Authors: Luan Chaoran , Shen Qiu , Rowell Nelson , Zhang Meng , Chen Xiaoqin , Huang Wen , Yu Kui
Published: July 2022

The transformations of colloidal semiconductor magic‐size clusters (MSCs) are expected to occur with only discrete, step‐wise redshifts in optical absorption. Here, we challenge this assumption presenting a novel, conceptually different transformation, for which the redshift is continuous. In the room‐temperature transformation from CdTe MSC‐448 to MSC‐488 (designated by the peak wavelengths in nanometer), the redshift of absorption monitored in situ displays distinctly continuous and/or step‐wise behavior. Based on conclusive evidence provided by real‐time experiments, the former transformation is apparently direct and intra‐cluster with a relatively large energy barrier. The latter transformation is indirect and assisted by MSC precursor compounds (PCs). The former transformation follows the latter often, being predominant at a relatively high temperature. The present findings encourage a reconsideration of the absorption redshift reported previously for transformations of binary II–VI MSCs, together with the pathway associated without the increase of cluster mass.
Au20(tBu3P)8: Ein hochsymmetrischer metalloider Goldcluster in der Oxidationsstufe 0
Authors: Fetzer Florian , Pollard Nia , Michenfelder Nadine C. , Strienz Markus , Unterreiner Andreas N. , Clayborne Andre Z. , Schnepf Andreas
Published: July 2022

Metalloide Goldcluster haben einzigartige Eigenschaften in Bezug auf ihre Größe und ihre Struktur und spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Betrachtung des Übergangs von molekularer Verbindung zur Festkörperphase des jeweiligen Metalls. Im Folgenden wird die Synthese des ausschließlich von Phosphan‐Liganden stabilisierten metalloiden Goldclusters Au20(tBu3P)8beschrieben, in welchem alle Goldatome in der Oxidationsstufe null vorliegen. Die Einkristallstrukturanalyse ergab eine hochsymmetrische Anordnung der Goldatome als leeres Kuboktaeder, die der Festkörperstruktur von Gold ähnelt. Quantenchemische Rechnungen ergaben, dass der Cluster als 20‐Elektronen Superatom beschrieben werden kann. Die optischen Eigenschaften des Clusters zeigen molekülähnliches Verhalten.
Gauging Radical Stabilization with Carbenes
Authors: Breitwieser Kevin , Bahmann Hilke , Weiss Robert , Munz Dominik
Published: July 2022

Carbenes, includingN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, are used extensively to stabilize open‐shell transition metal complexes and organic radicals. Yet, it remains unknown, which carbene stabilizes a radical well and, thus, how to design radical‐stabilizing C‐donor ligands. With the large variety of C‐donor ligands experimentally investigated and their electronic properties established, we report herein their radical‐stabilizing effect. We show that radical stabilization can be understood by a captodative frontier orbital description involving π‐donation to‐ and π‐donation from the carbenes. This picture sheds a new perspective on NHC chemistry, where π‐donor effects usually are assumed to be negligible. Further, it allows for the intuitive prediction of the thermodynamic stability of covalent radicals of main group‐ and transition metal carbene complexes, and the quantification of redox non‐innocence.
Energy‐Transfer Photocatalysis Using Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Sensitizing Molecular Isomerization and Cycloaddition
Authors: Liu Meng , Xia Pan , Zhao Guohui , Nie Chengming , Gao Kaimin , He Shan , Wang Lifeng , Wu Kaifeng
Published: July 2022

A relatively new addition to the application portfolio of lead halide perovskites is to photosensitize molecular triplets for a variety of photochemical applications. Here we report visible‐light‐driven isomerization and cycloaddition of organic molecules sensitized by spectrally‐tunable perovskite nanocrystals. We first demonstrate with stilbene as the substrate molecule that photoisomerization can proceed efficiently and rapidly by either directly grafting carboxylated stilbene onto nanocrystal surfaces or using triplet–acceptor ligands as the energy relay. The relay approach is more generally applicable as it does not require anchoring‐group functionalization of substrate molecules, allowing us to facilely extend it to isomerization of a series of substituted stilbene molecules and ring‐closing isomerization of diarylethene, as well as intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of acenaphthylene. This study opens an avenue of energy‐transfer photocatalysis using perovskite nanocrystals.
A Molecular “A‐Type” Tangled Metallocube
Authors: Ma Li‐Li , Li Yang , Li Xin , Zhang Le , Sun Li‐Ying , Han Ying‐Feng
Published: July 2022

Tangled cubes feature the topology of typical Platonic cubes, with their “faces” traversed by edges in different ways. This study generates an “A‐type” tangled metallocube from the reaction of binuclear gold‐NHC complex and H2S. The tangled cube topology was validated by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high‐resolution electrospray‐ionization (HR‐ESI) mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. This study offers a simple and effective approach to designing and fabricating new, topologically unique molecular structures.
Stabilization of Imines and Hemiaminals in Water by an Endo‐Functionalized Container Molecule
Authors: Li Ming‐Shuang , Dong Yi‐Wei , Quan Mao , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2022

Stabilizing water‐sensitive reaction intermediates is challenging but desirable for guiding reactions to desired products in water. Herein, we report that labile imine and hemiaminal functional groups can be stabilized inside a synthetic container compound, a water‐soluble naphthotube. The naphthotube features a primary amine group anchored in a cavity with both hydrogen bonding sites and hydrophobic surfaces. Aldehydes in bulk aqueous solution are trapped in the cavity by the amine to form hemiaminals stabilized through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects. Dehydration of the hemiaminal to the imine is favored by the release of water from the hydrophobic microenvironment. Both the hemiaminals and imines can be detected at room temperature by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Au20(tBu3P)8: A Highly Symmetric Metalloid Gold Cluster in Oxidation State 0
Authors: Fetzer Florian , Pollard Nia , Michenfelder Nadine C. , Strienz Markus , Unterreiner Andreas N. , Clayborne Andre Z. , Schnepf Andreas
Published: July 2022

Metalloid gold clusters have unique properties with respect to size and structure and are key intermediates in studying transitions between molecular compounds and the bulk phase of the respective metal. In the following, the synthesis of the all‐phosphine protected metalloid cluster Au20(tBu3P)8, solely built from gold atoms in the oxidation state of 0 is reported. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed a highly symmetric hollow cube‐octahedral arrangement of the gold atoms, resembling gold bulk structure. Quantum‐chemical calculations illustrated the cluster can be described as a 20‐electron superatom. Optical properties of the compound have shown molecular‐like behavior.
Unusual Size Effect in Ion and Charge Transport in Micron‐Sized Particulate Aluminum Anodes of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Chunlei , Zheng Yinyin , Wang Doufeng , Zheng Yongping , Xie Chengde , Shi Lei , Liu Zhipeng , Tang Yongbing
Published: July 2022

Aluminum is a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, excellent conductivity, and natural abundance. An anomalous size effect was observed for micron‐sized aluminum powder electrodes in this work. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the insulating oxide surface layer is the underlying cause, which leads to poor electrical conductivity and limited capacity utilization when the particle is too small. Additionally, poor electrolyte wettability also accounts for the hindered reaction kinetics due to the weak polarity feature of the oxide layer. Surface grafting of polar amino groups was demonstrated to be an effective strategy to improve electrolyte wettability. The present work revealed the critical limitations and underlying mechanisms for the aluminum anode, which is crucial for its practical application. Our results are also valuable for other metallic anodes with similar issues.
Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism‐related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition
Authors: Brewer Neil , Lucas Carmen A. , Georgopoulos Marie Antonia , Young Robyn L.
Published: July 2022

Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social‐communicative problems for autistic individuals and awareness of such difficulties may be critical for the identification and pursuit of strategies that will mitigate their adverse effects. We examined metacognitive awareness of face emotion recognition responses in autistic (N = 63) and non‐autistic (N = 67) adults across (a) static, dynamic and social face emotion stimuli, (b) free‐ and forced‐report response formats, and (c) four different sets of the six “basic” and six “complex” emotions. Within‐individual relationships between recognition accuracy and post‐recognition confidence provided no indication that autistic individuals were poorer at discriminating correct from incorrect recognition responses than non‐autistic individuals, although both groups exhibited marked inter‐individual variability. Although the autistic group was less accurate and slower to recognize emotions, confidence‐accuracy calibration analyses provided no evidence of reduced sensitivity on their part to fluctuations in their emotion recognition performance. Across variations in stimulus type, response format and emotion, increases in accuracy were associated with progressively higher confidence, with similar calibration curves for both groups. Calibration curves for both groups were, however, characterized by overconfidence at the higher confidence levels (i.e., overall accuracy less than the average confidence level), with the non‐autistic group contributing more decisions with 90%–100% confidence. Comparisons of slow and fast responders provided no evidence of a “hard‐easy” effect—the tendency to exhibit overconfidence during hard tasks and underconfidence during easy tasks—suggesting that autistic individuals' slower recognition responding may reflect a strategic difference rather than a processing speed limitation.

Lay Summary

It is generally considered that autistic individuals may have difficulty recognizing other people's facial emotions. However, little is known about their awareness of any emotion recognition difficulties they may experience. This study indicates that, although there is considerable individual variability, autistic adults were as sensitive to variations in the accuracy of their recognition of others' emotions as their non‐autistic peers.
Development and application of a novel LC–MS/MS method for human plasma concentration monitoring of perampanel in pediatric epilepsy patients
Authors: Zhao Ting , Yu Lu‐hai , Zhang Hui‐lan , Yu Jing , Feng Jie , Li Hong‐jian , Sun Yan
Published: July 2022

This study has developed and validated a novel LC–MS/MS assay method to quantify perampanel in pediatric patients with epilepsy in Xinjiang, China. Our assay reduces current specimen volume requirements and decreases the turnaround time for results. Samples were separated by gradient elution and then injected into the mass spectrometer with a total run time of 3 min per sample. The ions from the analytes were detected using multiple reactions by monitoring transitions of m/z 350.2–219.0 for perampanel and m/z 359.1–323.1 for the internal standard, as precursor ion and product ion, respectively. The peak area ratios of perampanel with internal standard within the plasma samples were linear in the concentration range of 0.1–3.2 μg/mL (y = 2.87x + 0.61; r2 ≥ 0.99). The within‐run and between‐run precision coefficient of variation (%) did not exceed 11.03%, and the accuracy (bias) ranged from −1.07 to 6.69%. The mean absolute recoveries of perampanel for four QC levels (lower limit of quantification, low quality control, middle quality control, and high quality control) determined by this method were 87.69, 94.04, 107.50, and 95.15%, respectively. The stability results for this method showed that the plasma samples of perampanel were stable under all tested conditions (86.43–104.81%), with a coefficient of variation (%) maximum of 8.74%.
The costocervical trunk: A detailed review
Authors: Bonczar Michał , Ostrowski Patryk , Dziedzic Martyna , Stachera Bartłomiej , Michalczak Mateusz , Canon Rinoa , Przybycień Wojciech , Wojciechowski Wadim , Wysiadecki Grzegorz , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz
Published: July 2022

The number of studies on the anatomy of the costocervical trunk (CCT) is scarce, and the actual prevalence of this structure is unknown. Therefore, the authors of the present study would like to propose a set of four types of CCT, which were created based on observations of computed tomography angiographies (75 CCTs). A retrospective study was conducted to establish variations and the morphometric properties of the CCT. The results of 55 consecutive patients who underwent neck and thoracic computed tomography angiography (CTA) were analyzed in March 2022. The analysis was performed on a total of 75 CCTs. Of these, 32 were from women (42.7%) and 43 were from men (57.3%). Branching variations of each CCT were thoroughly analyzed. A classification of the branching pattern of the CCTs was made and consisted of four types. In the present study, the variety of branching and morphology of CCT was analyzed, proposing its novel classification based on the four most frequently observed types. Type 1 was the most prevalent (76.1%), having a similar origin and branching pattern as described in the major anatomical books. CCT was found to be absent in 23.94% of the cases, making it a somewhat less consistent branch of the SA. Understanding the variability of the anatomy of the CCT can be a great tool for physicians performing endovascular procedures in the cervical region.
A computer‐aided educational device and toolbox for biomedical signal processing at the undergraduate level
Authors: Tepe Cengiz , Savaştaer Ertuğrul F.
Published: July 2022

Engineering education requires both a theoretical and practical basis; some aspects are better understood through practical examples. Providing practical experience in biomedical engineering is of great importance in terms of understanding concepts and assisting the retention of learning. Hands‐on experience can be particularly beneficial in supporting the theoretical explanation of the acquisition, processing, and displaying of biomedical signals. This study has developed an expansion board that can be plugged into Raspberry Pi boards to capture electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electromyography (EMG) biomedical signals with a single‐channel amplifier circuit. A toolbox has been written in the Python programming language to; capture, process, filter, apply fast fourier transform, and display these signals. The device and laboratory applications were introduced in the curriculum of a final year module, “Introduction to Biomedical Engineering” in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Gazi University. The pedagogical value of the application was assessed by administering a questionnaire to the students. Results show the use of measurement and display of biomedical signals increased the curiosity and motivation of the students in Biomedical Engineering.
Does lead userness matter for electric vehicle adoption? An integrated perspective of social capital and domain‐specific innovativeness
Authors: Wang Nan , Huang Yalan , Fu Yaoyao , Chen Lingyun
Published: July 2022

The deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) contributes significantly to the sustainability of world economic growth. However, despite the intensive promotion of EVs by car manufacturers and governments, majority of the drivers remains in the wait‐and‐see stage. Therefore, to understand how characteristics and adoption mechanisms of potential customers might shed light on the increasing of EV adoption. In this study, we investigate how lead userness is associated with EV adoption. Build on the diffusion of innovation theory, we examine the mechanisms through which lead userness affects EV adoption. By empirically analysing a sample collected from 307 members of China's EV online community, we show that lead userness plays a significant role in predicting EV adoption. In addition, we find that social capital and domain‐specific innovativeness jointly mediate this positive relationship while ecological attitudes positively moderate the effect of lead userness on EV adoption. Our findings contribute to research of EV adoption behaviour and provide recommendations to policymakers and manufacturers for promoting EVs.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2022

The link between sleep and emotion regulation, NSSI

The risk of suicidality in transgender and sexual minority youth

The prevalence of adolescent handgun carriage
AACAP re‐issues resource library on guns and violence
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2022

The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) has a library of resources for clinicians to turn to, which may be particularly useful in the wake of the school shootings in May. Pro‐gun advocates insisted that the solution is more guns and hardening of schools, and sometimes also mention treatment for mental illness. Yes, treatment is needed, of course, but not instead of cutting the gun supply — rather, in addition to it.
Thermodynamic stabilization of crystalline silicon carbide polymer‐derived ceramic fibers
Authors: Leonel Gerson J. , Mujib Shakir Bin , Singh Gurpreet , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Three crystalline SiC fibers were studied: Tyranno, Hi‐Nicalon, and Sylramic. Thermodynamic stability of the SiC fibers was determined by high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. Results shed light on the thermodynamic penalty or benefit associated with microstructural modification of the ceramic fibers, and how energetics correlate to mechanical properties. Enthalpies of formation from components (SiC, SiO2, Si3N4, and C, ∆H°f,comp) for Tyranno, Hi‐Nicalon, and Sylramic are −12.05 ± 8.71, −58.75 ± 6.93, and −71.10 ± 8.71 kJ/mol Si, respectively. The microstructure in Sylramic offers the greatest stabilizing effect, thus resulting in its much more exothermic enthalpy of formation relative to elements and crystalline components. In contrast, the microstructure in Tyranno offers the least stabilization. The thermodynamic stability of the fibers increases with increasing mixed bonding (Si bonded to both C and O). From mechanical testing, Young's moduli of Tyranno, Hi‐Nicalon, and Sylramic are 112, 205, and 215 GPa, respectively. Greater thermodynamic stability is correlated with a higher Young's modulus.
Access to Pyridinyl or Pyridinium Aza‐BODIPYs with Tunable Near‐Infrared Fluorescence through ICT from 4‐Pyridinyl Pyrroles**
Authors: Liu Chang , Jin Yue , Ji Xin , Zhao Weili , Dong Xiaochun
Published: July 2022

Aza‐dipyrromethene boron difluoride (Aza‐BODIPY) dyes have attracted much interest in recent decades. In this manuscript, we provide a facile way to access pyridine‐substituted pyrroles. A series of 1/7‐pyridinyl and pyridinium near‐infrared (NIR) Aza‐BODIPYs with/without rigidity were constructed and their spectroscopic properties were extensively investigated. These pyridinyl Aza‐BOIDIPYs displayed slight bathochromic shifts and maintained bright NIR emission. Pyridinium Aza‐BODIPYs showed increased bathochromic shift, however, the molar extinction coefficients and fluorescence quantum yields were decreased owing to ICT effect. The impacts followed the order of pyridin‐4‐ium>pyridin‐2‐ium>pyridin‐3‐ium, which was in consistence with their ICT strength. MO calculation was performed to provide possible explanation to the red‐shifted absorption/emission, and apparent charge separation in pyridin‐4‐ium Aza‐BODIPYs. The pyridinium Aza‐BODIPY localized in lysosome and potentially avoided harmful ‘‘alkalinizing effects’’ of traditional lysosome‐targeting fluorescent dyes containing amine moiety. We are working on construction of pyridinyl and pyridinium Aza‐BODIPY photosensitizers against microbials or tumors.
Implementation of Cross‐Industrial Networks Targeting CO2 Reduction from a Systemic Approach
Authors: Piedra‐Garza Luis F. , Oles Markus
Published: July 2022

Within the Carbon2Chem® project, unavoidable CO2 emissions are used creating a new type of production network comprising a steelworks and chemical production. In the second project phase (2020–2024), the focus lies on additional expansion of already developed cross‐industrial networks as well as the implementation of additional ones (i.e., based on alternative CO2 sources) from an integral perspective that includes process simulation, process design, ecological and economic evaluation, and finally scale up. Moreover, the most promising process concepts will be further developed to a higher degree of detail aiming industrial implementation.
Solubility of carbon dioxide in anhydrous triethanolamine
Authors: Jou Fang‐Yuan , Mather Alan E.
Published: July 2022

The solubility of carbon dioxide in anhydrous triethanolamine has been measured at temperatures in the range of 323–398 K at pressures up to 6.96 MPa.
Experimental study of liquid vaporization in a fluidized bed
Authors: Silitonga Hansen M. , Briens Cedric , Berruti Franco , Sanchez Careaga Francisco , McMillan Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Liquid injection into a gas–solid fluidized bed has been applied in various industries, such as coating and granulation processes in pharmaceutical and food industries, reactor cooling in polyolefin production, fluid catalytic cracking, and fluid coking in the petroleum industry. A new experimental method has been successfully developed to monitor the vaporization rate of a liquid injected into a fluidized bed. In addition, it can be used to determine the mass of liquid accumulated in the bed at a steady state. With this new method, measurements have identified three phenomena that may increase the amount of liquid accumulated at steady state in a fluidized bed. (1) Gas mixing affects vaporization when the bed temperature is lower than the liquid boiling point. In liquid‐rich regions of the bed, local vapour may build up, limiting the vaporization rate. Consequently, suitable emulsion to bubble gas transfer reduces the amount of accumulated liquid. (2) Solids mixing: hot particles from the rest of the bed must mix with the wetted particles to provide enough heat for vaporization. Good solids mixing reduces the amount of accumulated liquid. (3) Wet agglomerates formation: liquid trapped within wet agglomerates takes much longer to vaporize. The amount of accumulated liquid can be reduced by injecting the liquid in a well‐agitated bed region, operating at a higher bed temperature, or increasing the flowrate of atomization gas.
Prevalence of sensitization to molecular food allergens in Europe: A systematic review
Authors: Lisik Daniil , Ioannidou Athina , Spolidoro Giulia , Ali Mohamed , Nyassi Sungkutu , Amera Yohanes , Rovner Graciela , Khaleva Ekaterina , Venter Carina , van Ree Ronald , Worm Margitta , Vlieg‐Boerstra Berber , Sheikh Aziz , Muraro Antonella , Roberts Graham , Nwaru Bright I.
Published: July 2022

Background

Recent reports indicate that the prevalence of food allergy is increasing, but accurate estimates remain a challenge due to cross‐reactivity and limited use of precise diagnostic methods. Molecular allergy diagnostics, in which sensitization to individual molecular allergens is measured, is emerging as a promising tool for evaluation of sensitization profiles. In this systematic review, we summarized estimates of prevalence of sensitization to molecular food allergens in the general population in Europe.

Methods

Following a protocol prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; reference CRD42021266657), we searched seven databases with no restrictions on publication date or language. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias in the included studies. The findings were synthesized narratively.

Results

From 4776 de‐duplicated records, five studies, with low to moderate overall risk of bias, were included. Forty‐six molecular allergens from 18 foods were investigated. Overall, the prevalence of sensitization was low, particularly for major allergens, and non‐existent for 10 molecular allergens (0% [95% CI 0–0.8]). The highest prevalence was seen for PR‐10 proteins, such as Cor a 1.04 (13.6% [95% CI 10.9–16.9]).

Conclusions

Available data, primarily from North‐western Europe, indicate that sensitization to molecular food allergens is overall low. The highest estimates were found for cross‐reactive PR‐10 proteins. There were not enough studies to discern regional differences or perform meta‐analysis, highlighting the need for more population‐representative studies in order to elucidate patterns of sensitization to molecular food allergens in Europe.
Association between sustained virological response and clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis C infection and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Parikh Neehar D. , Mehta Neil , Hoteit Maarouf A. , Yang Ju Dong , John Binu V. , Moon Andrew M. , Salgia Reena J. , Pillai Anjana , Kassab Ihab , Saeed Naba , Thyssen Emil , Nathani Piyush , McKinney Jeffrey , Chan Wesley , Durkin Claire , Connor Matthew , Alsudaney Manaf , Konjeti Rajesh , Durand Brenda , Nissen Nicholas N. , Kim Hannah P. , Paknikar Raghavendra , Rich Nicole E. , Schipper Matthew J. , Singal Amit G.
Published: July 2022

Background

Sustained viral response (SVR) improves survival for patients with hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment; however, the benefit of SVR in those with active HCC with a significant competing risk of mortality is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between SVR and outcomes in patients with active HCC.

Methods

The authors performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study including consecutive adults with HCV cirrhosis and treatment‐naive HCC diagnosed between 2014 and 2018. Patients were stratified into two groups: active viremia (n = 431) and SVR before HCC diagnosis (n = 135). All patients underwent nonsurgical therapy as their initial treatment and were followed until liver transplantation, last follow‐up, or death. The primary outcome was incident or worsening hepatic decompensation within 6 months and the secondary outcome was overall survival. All analyses used inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) to account for differences between the nonrandomized cohorts.

Results

Post‐SVR patients had significantly lower odds of hepatic decompensation compared to viremic patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06–0.59). Results were consistent among subgroups of patients with Child Pugh A cirrhosis (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.04–0.77), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B/C HCC (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.04–0.65), and those receiving nonablative HCC therapies (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.67). However, in IPTW multivariable Cox regression, SVR was not associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.56–1.12).

Conclusions

Patients with HCV‐related HCC and SVR are less likely to experience hepatic decompensation than viremic patients, suggesting patients with HCC who are undergoing nonsurgical therapies may benefit from DAA treatment.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Fudosteine in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A 4‐Way Replicate Crossover Study
Authors: Zhu Mingxue , Tao Yi , Pu Junliang , Zhao Hongtao , Wan Lei , Zhang Peilin , Tang Chengyong
Published: July 2022

The bioequivalence of a generic fudosteine tablet vs a brand‐named fudosteine tablet under fasting and fed conditions was evaluated in this study. This randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 4‐way replicate, crossover, bioequivalence study included 64 healthy Chinese subjects (fasting cohort, n = 32; fed cohort, n = 32) who were assigned to receive a single 200‐mg dose of generic or brand‐named fudosteine. Blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 24 hours after dosing. The plasma concentrations of fudosteine were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Safety was monitored. There were no significant differences in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time t (AUC0‐t), or AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐∞) between the test and reference formulations. However, food showed a significant effect on Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ for both generic and brand‐named fudosteine. The 90%CIs of the test/reference ratios of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were within the range of 80% to 125% under both fasting and fed conditions. No serious adverse events were reported. The bioequivalence between generic and brand‐named fudosteine under fasting and fed conditions was demonstrated. Both of them had good tolerance for healthy Chinese volunteers. In addition, food delayed the absorption of fudosteine, so taking this medicine before meals might be an optimized option.
An automated brain tumor segmentation framework using a novel fruit fly UNet
Authors: Boda Ravi , Cherian Reni K. , Kumar Vinit
Published: July 2022

Brain image analysis and segmentation are the most difficult tasks in medical image processing because of image complexity. Moreover, MRI images are mostly utilized to predict different brain‐based diseases; if the images are complex, the disease prediction accuracy is very low. To overcome this problem, the current research has planned to design a novel fruit fly‐based UNet (FFbU) framework to detect the Tumor accurately. Moreover, the fitness of the fruit fly was upgraded in the UNet pooling module that has tended to gain the finest results. Initially, the standard datasets were gathered from the net source and trained to the system. Consequently, the training error is removed in the primary layer of FFbU then the error‐cleared data is entered into the UNet dense layer for tumor detection and segmentation. Finally, the proposed model is executed in a MATLAB environment, and the proficiency of the designed FFbU model is estimated in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, Dice, and Jaccard. In addition, the planned novel FFbU model has the ability to predict and segment different tumor types.
CBCT evaluation of buccal bone thickness in the aesthetic zone of menopausal women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Naghibi Nava , Fatemi Kazem , Hoseini‐Zarch Seyed‐Hosein , Sadeghi Bijan , Fasihi Ramandi Mahdiye
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Dental implants are a known treatment today. It is necessary to have at least 2 mm of bone around the implant, especially in the buccal aspect of the anterior maxilla (esthetic zone). Some systemic conditions, such as menopause, can affect the body's bone mass as well as the alveolar bone. Considering that few studies have been carried out on the effect of menopause on the thickness and topography of alveolar bone, we decided to investigate the effect of menopause on buccal alveolar bone thickness in the anterior maxillary teeth in menopausal women.

Material and Methods

In this descriptive‐analytical cross‐sectional study, two subgroups of menopausal women and nonmenopausal women were considered. Data were extracted from 30 patients referred to a private radiology center in Mashhad for CBCT imaging. In addition, the buccal bone thickness in the crest and middle areas of the anterior maxillary teeth was measured and the difference between the two groups was investigated. The buccal bone thickness of the aesthetic area was evaluated with CBCT Planmeca ProMax 3D Max (Planmeca) by Planmeca Romexis 5.3.4 software, with 200 μm Voxel size and Fov 90 × 60 mm.

Results

In this study, 30 women with a mean age of 49.75 ± 3.65 years in the nonmenopausal and menopausal groups were examined. It was found that the mean buccal bone thickness of the anterior maxilla in the nonmenopausal group (0.65 ± 0.25 mm) was higher than in the menopausal group (0.56 ± 0.20 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = .2999). Only in the crestal bone of the right canine, the average bone thickness in nonmenopausal group (0.77 ± 0.33 mm) was significantly higher than the menopausal group (0.49 ± 0.22 mm) (p = .011).

Conclusions

Owing to changes in the volume and thickness of alveolar bone in menopausal women, the thickness of the buccal bone in the aesthetic area decreases, but this is not statistically significant.
Channel capacity optimization scheme for safety applications in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Sharma Swati , Chahal Manisha , Harit Sandeep , Kumar Neeraj
Published: July 2022

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted significant attention due to their safety, traffic management, and infotainment applications. However, vehicular communication suffers from network congestion caused by high vehicle density, which raises numerous challenges for efficiently disseminating emergency messages in vehicular safety applications. This paper aims to solve the problem of capacity optimization of the control channel (CCH) during the delivery of emergency messages. Hence, we propose a novel channel capacity optimization scheme for safety application (CCOSSA). The performance of the CCOSSA scheme is evaluated by performing comprehensive traffic and network simulations regarding various parameters such as the probability of reception, channel busy time (CBT) ratio, and average delay. CCOSSA scheme is compared with the state‐of‐the‐art schemes under varying vehicle density and distance from the source in which the proposed scheme shows an improvement in the performance.
Physical activity is associated with increased resting‐state functional connectivity in networks predictive of cognitive decline in clinically unimpaired older adults
Authors: Pruzin Jeremy J. , Klein Hannah , Rabin Jennifer S. , Schultz Aaron P. , Kirn Dylan R. , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Buckley Rachel F. , Scott Mathew R. , Properzi Michael , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Physical activity (PA) promotes resilience with respect to cognitive decline, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the associations between objectively measured PA and resting‐state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fcMRI) across seven anatomically distributed neural networks.

Methods

rs‐fcMRI, amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET), PA (steps/day × 1 week), and longitudinal cognitive (Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite) data from 167 cognitively unimpaired adults (ages 63 to 90) were used. We used linear and linear mixed‐effects regression models to examine the associations between baseline PA and baseline network connectivity and between PA, network connectivity, and longitudinal cognitive performance.

Results

Higher PA was associated selectively with greater connectivity in three networks previously associated with cognitive decline (default, salience, left control). This association with network connectivity accounted for a modest portion of PA's effects on Aβ‐related cognitive decline.

Discussion

Although other mechanisms are likely present, PA may promote resilience with respect to Aß‐related cognitive decline, partly by increasing connectivity in a subset of cognitive networks.