bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-genomes from the extinct Xerces Blue butterfly can help identify declining insect species
Authors: de-Dios Toni , Fontsere Claudia , Renom Pere , Stiller Josefin , Llovera Laia , Uliano-Silva Marcela , Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro , Wright Charlotte , Lizano Esther , Caballero Berta , Navarro Arcadi , Civit Sergi , Robbins Robert K. , Blaxter Mark , Marquès-Bonet Tomàs , Vila Roger , Lalueza-Fox Carles
Published: July 2023

The Xerces Blue (
Glaucopsyche xerces
) is considered to be the first butterfly to become extinct at global scale in historical times. It was notable for its chalky lavender wings with conspicuous white spots on the ventral wings. The last individuals were collected in their restricted habitat, in the dunes near the Presidio military base in San Francisco, in 1941. We sequenced the genomes of four 80 to 100-year-old Xerces Blue, and seven historical and one modern specimens of its closest relative, the Silvery Blue (
G. lygdamus
). We compared these to a novel annotated genome of the Green-Underside Blue (
G. alexis
). Phylogenetic relationships inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes indicate that Xerces Blue was a distinct species that diverged from the Silvery Blue lineage at least 850,000 years ago. Using nuclear genomes, both species experienced population growth during the Eemian interglacial period, but the Xerces Blue decreased to a very low effective population size subsequently, a trend opposite to that observed in the Silvery Blue. Runs of homozygosity and deleterious load in the Xerces Blue were significantly greater than in the Silvery Blue, suggesting a higher incidence of inbreeding. These signals of population decline observed in Xerces Blue could be used to identify and monitor other insects threatened by human activities, whose extinction patterns are still not well known.
Spatial Transcriptomics of Meningeal Inflammation Reveals Variable Penetrance of Inflammatory Gene Signatures into Adjacent Brain Parenchyma
Authors: Gadani Sachin P. , Singh Saumitra , Kim Sophia , Smith Matthew D. , Calabresi Peter A. , Bhargava Pavan
Published: July 2023

While modern high efficacy disease modifying therapies have revolutionized the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, they are less effective at controlling progressive forms of the disease. Meningeal inflammation is a recognized risk factor for cortical grey matter pathology which can result in disabling symptoms such as cognitive impairment and depression, but the mechanisms linking meningeal inflammation and grey matter pathology remain unclear. Here, we performed MRI-guided spatial transcriptomics in a mouse model of autoimmune meningeal inflammation to characterize the transcriptional signature in areas of meningeal inflammation and the underlying brain parenchyma. We found broadly increased activity of inflammatory signaling pathways at sites of meningeal inflammation, but only a subset of these pathways active in the adjacent brain parenchyma. Sub-clustering of regions adjacent to meningeal inflammation revealed the subset of immune programs induced in brain parenchyma, notably the B cell mediated immune response and antigen processing/presentation. Trajectory gene and gene set modeling analysis confirmed variable penetration of immune signatures originating from meningeal inflammation into the adjacent brain tissue. This work contributes a valuable data resource to the field, provides the first detailed spatial transcriptomic characterization in a model of meningeal inflammation, and highlights several candidate pathways in the pathogenesis of grey matter pathology.
Evaluación de la sensibilidad a organofosforados en poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) del departamento de La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Maestre-Serrano Ronald , Flórez-Rivadeneira Zulibeth , Castro-Camacho Juan Miguel , Ochoa-Bohórquez Linda , Gómez-Camargo Doris , Pareja-Loaiza Paula , Ponce-García Gustavo , Flores Adriana E.
Published: July 2023

Introducción. El dengue es un problema de salud pública para el departamento de La Guajira. El control se ha enfocado en el vector con el uso de insecticidas, entre ellos los organofosforados.Objetivo. Evaluar el estado de la sensibilidad a insecticidas organofosforados de quince poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (L.) en el departamento de La Guajira, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron bioensayos para temefos, malatión y metil-pirimifos en larvas de tercer estadio y mosquitos adultos de Ae. aegypti en los municipios de Albania, Barrancas, Dibulla, Distracción, El Molino, Fonseca, Hatonuevo, La Jagua del Pilar, Maicao, Manaure, Riohacha, San Juan del Cesar, Uribia, Urumita y Villanueva, siguiendo la metodología de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la técnica de botellas usando la guía de los de los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, respectivamente. Se determinó la sensibilidad por medio de la razón de resistencia a CL50 y CL95 (RRCL50, RRCL95) para temefos y a dosis y tiempo diagnóstico para temefos, malatión y metilpirimifos en las poblaciones de campo evaluadas, usando como control la cepa sensible Rockefeller.Resultados. Las 15 poblaciones del departamento de La Guajira son sensibles a: temefos (razón de la resistencia a RRCL50<5,0; relación de resistencia a CL95<5,0; 98 a 100 % de mortalidad); metil-pirimifos (99 a 100 % de mortalidad) y malatión (100 % de mortalidad). Conclusión. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, es factible el uso de temefos, malatión y metil-pirimifos para el control de Ae. aegypti en las poblaciones evaluadas.
Características de la trombosis venosa cerebral en pacientes de dos hospitales universitarios de Colombia en el período 2018-2020
Authors: Vergara Jean Paul , Silva Miguel Arturo , Patiño Hernán Mauricio , Ruiz Adriana Marcela , Camargo María Daniela , Acelas Gabriel Esteban
Published: July 2023

Introducción. La trombosis venosa cerebral es una causa infrecuente de enfermedad cerebrovascular que viene en aumento a nivel mundial. A pesar de ello, actualmente, en Colombia no se cuenta con estudios suficientes que nos permitan caracterizar epidemiológicamente la enfermedad en nuestra población para identificar los factores de riesgo y las complicaciones más frecuentes en nuestro medio.Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas, demográficas y radiológicas, y los factores de riesgo de una serie de pacientes con trombosis venosa cerebral de dos hospitales de Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados, atendidos en el servicio de neurología de dos hospitales de Bogotá desde diciembre de 2018 hasta diciembre del 2020. Resultados. Se incluyeron 33 pacientes. Las frecuencias más altas correspondieron a mujeres en edad fértil, en puerperio (n=7; 33,3 %) y pacientes con patologías autoinmunes (n=10; 30,3 %). El síntoma inicial más común fue la cefalea (n=31; 93,9 %), seguido de focalización neurológica (n=9; 27,2%) y crisis epiléptica (n=8; 24,2 %). El 51 % (n=17) de los pacientes tuvo un examen físico normal. El infarto venoso cerebral se presentó en el 21,1 % (n=7), la hemorragia subaracnoidea en el 12,1 % (n=4) y el hematoma intraparenquimatoso en el 9 % (n=3) del total de pacientes. El 60,6 % (n=20) quedó con nivel independiente en la escala funcional de Barthel. Ningún paciente falleció.Conclusiones. Se encontraron características sociodemográficas, clínicas y radiológicas similares a lo reportado en la literatura mundial. Con respecto a las diferencias, se encontró en nuestro estudio compromiso de la circulación venosa cerebral profunda en un porcentaje ligeramente mayor a lo descrito, pero sin aumento de complicaciones, ni mortalidad.
Environmental DNA and visual encounter surveys for amphibian biomonitoring in aquatic environments of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Quilumbaquin Walter , Carrera-Gonzalez Andrea , Van der heyden Christine , Ortega-Andrade H. Mauricio
Published: July 2023

Background

The development of anthropogenic activities has generated a decline in aquatic fauna populations, and amphibians have been the most affected. The decline of batrachofauna is concerning, as 41% of all species worldwide are endangered. For this reason, rapid, efficient, and non-invasive biodiversity monitoring techniques are needed, and environmental DNA (eDNA) is one such tool that has been sparsely applied in Ecuador. This technique has allowed scientists generates information on species diversity and amphibian community composition from a water sample. This study applied eDNA-based biomonitoring analyses and visual encounter surveys (VES) as inventory techniques to identify the diversity of aquatic amphibians in the Tena River micro-basin (TRMB).

Methods

The experimental design was divided into three components: (1) fieldwork: all amphibians were recorded by the VES technique and water samples were collected; (2) laboratory work: DNA isolation from amphibian tissue samples and eDNA-containing filters, amplification, electrophoresis, and sequencing were performed; (3) Data analysis: a local DNA reference database was constructed, and eDNA sequence data were processed for classification, taxonomic assignment, and ecological interpretation.

Results

Using both eDNA and VES, we detected 33 amphibian species (13 with eDNA only, five with VES only, and 15 with both methods). These species belonged to six amphibian families: Hylidae being the richest with 14 species (three eDNA, one VES, and 10 with both methods), followed by Strabomantidae with nine species (six eDNA, one VES, and two with both methods). All families were detected with both methods, except for the Aromobatidae, having one single record (Allobates aff. insperatus) by VES. Individually, eDNA detected 28 species and had a detection probability (DP) of 0.42 CI [0.40–0.45], while VES recorded 20 species with a DP of 0.17 CI [0.14–0.20]. Similarly, using VES, Cochranella resplendens was detected for the first time in TRMB, while with eDNA, four mountain frogs Pristimantis acerus, Pristimantis eriphus, Pristimantis mallii, and Pristimantis sp. (INABIO 15591) previously recorded at 1,518 m.a.s.l. at altitudes below 600 m.a.s.l. were detected.

Conclusions

Results obtained in this study showed that eDNA-based detection had a greater capacity to detect amphibians in aquatic environments compared to VES. The combination of VES and eDNA improves the sensitivity of species detection and provides more reliable, robust, and detailed information. The latter is essential for developing conservation strategies in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Nutritional values of wild edible freshwater macrophytes
Authors: Zakaria Muta Harah , Ramaiya Shiamala Devi , Bidin Nordiah , Syed Nurul Nur Farahin , Bujang Japar Sidik
Published: July 2023

Background

The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be used as food for humans. This study determined the proximate composition and mineral content of three freshwater macrophyte species, i.e., Eichhornia crassipes, Limnocharis flava, and Neptunia oleracea.

Methods

Young shoots of E. crassipes, L. flava, and N. oleracea were collected from shallow channels of Puchong (3°00′11.89″N, 101°42′43.12″E), Ladang 10, Universiti Putra Malaysia (2°58′44.41″N, 101°42′44.45″E), and Kampung Alur Selibong, Langgar (06°5′50.9″N, 100°26′49.8″E), Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. The nutritional values of these macrophytes were analysed by using a standard protocol from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Eight replicates of E. crassipes and L. flava and four replicates of N. oleracea were used for the subsequent analyses.

Results

In the proximate analysis, N. oleracea possessed the highest percentage of crude protein (29.61%) and energy content (4,269.65 cal g−1), whereas L. flava had the highest percentage of crude fat (5.75%) and ash (18.31%). The proximate composition trend for each species was different; specifically, all of the species possessed more carbohydrates and fewer crude lipids. All of the species demonstrated a similar mineral trend, with high nitrogen and potassium and lower copper contents. Nitrogen and potassium levels ranged from 12,380–40,380 mg kg−1 and from 11,212-33,276 mg kg−1, respectively, and copper levels ranged from 16–27 mg kg−1. The results showed that all three plant species, i.e., E. crassipes, N. oleracea, and L. flava are plant-based sources of macro- and micronutrient beneficial supplements for human consumption.
The Effect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilisation on Core Strength: A Literature Review
Authors: Gulrandhe Purva , Kovela Rakesh Krishna
Published: July 2023

Training to improve the stability of the core is a routine component of the injury prevention regimen in the musculoskeletal conditions. The strength of the core muscles is significantly impacted by obesity. Obesity is linked to several physiological changes that reduce flexibility and cardiovascular fitness and slow down a person’s activities. Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilisation (DNS) which is an approach for optimising the movement system is a rehabilitation approach founded on the original concept of developmental kinesiology. The DNS therapy method is based on a thorough analysis of the quality of stability and/or movement, to restore the integrated spinal stabilisation system through specialised functional exercises. All elements of the integrated spinal stabilisation system are co-activated in this, making it a holistic approach to treating any ailment. It’s been tried and tested for a variety of neurological and musculoskeletal problems. The approach of DNS has recently gained popularity. This method is mostly used to strengthen the core. The aim of the review is to find out effect of DNS on core strength in various neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. Further research is mandated in terms of interventional studies to prove its efficacy in various orthopaedic and neurological conditions.
Efficacy of Mid-Second-Trimester Serum b-HCG Levels as a Predictor of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Priya Kada Vishnu , Bidri Shilaja Rajendra , Mathapati Sangamesh
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, despite improvements in maternal and neonatal care. HDP and its sequelae are a dreaded complication of pregnancy. If prediction becomes possible, prevention will follow naturally. Aim: To study the efficacy of mid-second trimester serum b-hCG levels in the prediction of HDP. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shri BM Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre , Vijayapura, Karnataka, India, between December 2020 and June 2022. All women with gestational age between 16-20 weeks were screened, and 163 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. Serum β-hCG levels were measured at enrollment, and values were followed-up until delivery. The development of HDP was evaluated using statistical analysis, including Chi-square, Independent t-test, Receiver Operating Curve/Area under the ROC Curve (ROC/AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 163 pregnant women enrolled, 49 (30.1%) developed HDP, while 114 (69.9%) remained normotensive. The mean age of the study population was 24±4 years. The mean serum β-hCG level in the normotensive group was 55666 mIU/mL, while in the HDP group, it was 100124 mIU/mL, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. A cut-off value of 77817 mIU/mL showed 83.7% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity. Conclusion: This study suggests that serum b-hCG levels between 16-20 weeks can be used as a non-invasive predictor of HDP. It is a good predictor of HDP and could potentially improve prevention strategies.
The Relationship between the Level of Knowledge of Quality and Price of Biodegradable Tote Bags from Seaweed Carrageenan Eucheuma Cottoni against Purchasing Decisions Case Studies in Cibinong District, Bogor Regency and Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regen
Authors: Bentali Abiomi Ciptoning , Maulina Ine , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: July 2023

This study aims to see the relationship between the level of knowledge, product quality, and price of biodegradable tote bag products from seaweed carrageenan (Eucheuma cottoni) on purchasing decisions so that product improvements and modifications can be made. The research was conducted in Cibinong District, Bogor Regency as a general segmentation, and in Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency as a student segmentation. This study used quantitative descriptive method with spearman rank correlation test. Samples were taken using purposive sampling techniques as many as 80 respondents. Based on the results of research on the consumer characteristics of biodegradable tote bags, which are dominated by women with an age range of 21-25 years, types of student work with income levels > IDR 1,000,000, have used tote bags with intensity of use every month and from fabric.  The results of the spearman rank correlation test were obtained for the level of knowledge, product quality, and product price, namely 0.538, 0.474, and 0.505. Product quality and product price have a strong relationship with the purchase decision of biodegradable tote bags from seaweed carrageenan (Eucheuma cottoni). Meanwhile, the level of knowledge has a strong relationship to the decision to purchase biodegradable tote bags from seaweed carrageenan (Eucheuma cottoni).
Correlation, Path Analysis and Genetic Divergence of Various Agro-morphological Traits and Traits Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Germplasm
Authors: Reddy R. V. Charitha , Khan Rumana , Singh Anshuman , Chaturvedi S. K.
Published: July 2023

Five hundred and forty germplasm lines of chickpea were evaluated along with five checks (RLBGK-1, BG 3062, RVG 204, Phule Vikram, NBeG 47) in augmented design during rabi, 2021–2022 at Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India to study the agro-morphological features and traits appropriate for mechanical harvesting. Correlation, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence were estimated to find out the extent of association and genetic divergence among chickpea germplasm.  Plant height, growth habit, the height of the initial podding node, and the angle of the primary branch are characteristics that have been researched to identify lines that are suited for mechanical harvesting. Peduncle length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, chlorophyll fluorescence showed positive correlation with seed yield per plant. Plant height and height of first podding node were showing positive high indirect effects through number of secondary branches on seed yield per plant. Cluster 1 was the largest with 399 germplasm while two clusters number 24 and 37 were smallest with 1 genotype each.  Plant height and height of first podding node were exhibiting maximum mean in cluster 32, whereas seed yield per plant was having maximum mean in cluster 14. According to percent contribution of different characters to total divergence obtained, the most significant contributors to the divergence were number of pods per plant and plant height. Correlation analysis indicated that traits suitable for mechanical harvesting are not directly correlated with seed yield, while path coefficient analysis indicated that they have indirect effects on seed yield through number of primary and secondary branches per plant.
Performance of Bottle Gourd Hybrids for Growth, Yield and Quality under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Conditions
Authors: Krutika Jaggal , Bahadur Vijay , Kerketta Anita , Topno Samir E.
Published: July 2023

An experiment entitled “Performance of Bottle Gourd Hybrids for Growth, Yield and Quality under Prayagraj Agro-climatic conditions” was conducted during February to May. 2022, in field of Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The results of the present investigation, regarding the performance of 09 hybrid genotypes of Bottle Gourd i.e. (AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-1, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-2, AVTII 2019/BOGHYB-3, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-4, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-5, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-6, AVT-II 2019/BOGHYB-7, SARITA (check hybrid) and ARMAN (check hybrid)) obtained from different sources evaluated for plant growth, yield and quality have been discussed and interpreted in the light of previous research work done in India. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design, where each replicated thrice. From the present experimental finding it was found that hybrid SARITA is with the maximum number of female flowers (17.7), number of fruits/plant (12.70 fruits), average yield per plant (10.57 kg/plant), yield per hectare (469.88 q/ha). TSS (3.2 °B) The highest cost benefit ratio (3.7) was found for bottle gourd in hybrid SARITA under Prayagraj Agro-climatic condition.
Effect of Seaweed Extracts on Crop Growth and Soil: A Review
Authors: Margal Prasad B. , Thakare Ritu S. , Kamble Bhimrao M. , Patil Vijay S. , Patil Kranti B. , Titirmare Nihal S.
Published: July 2023

Seaweed is the common name for countless species of marine plants and algae that grow in the ocean. The seaweed cultivated by bamboo raft, tube mesh and stone method and harvested generally by acid, alkali and water extraction. However, the mostly commercially available in market, which is extracted by processing of bio refinery method. These seaweeds consist of 80-90% moisture. The dry seaweed extracts contains 50% carbohydrates, protein 10-47% with high proportions of essential amino acids, 1-3% lipids and 7-38% minerals. The essential nutrients contain in seaweeds are nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, sodium, zinc, and copper. Seaweed extracts are available in market viz, Sagarika, Kelp, Sea Secret, Sivarika, Solumax, Biovita etc. The soil application of liquid seaweed extracts through drip @ 0.5-1 L-1 water and foliar @ 2-5 ml L‑1 of water at various critical growth stages of different crops. The application granules of seaweed were recommended @10-20 kg acre-1 during sowing or standing crops. The application of seaweed extracts either through drip or direct application to soil at lower concentrations were positively impact on germination, shoot growth, root growth, nutrient use efficiency, soil properties, soil microbes, biotic stress, abiotic stress and crop yields.
Cytisinicline for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Rigotti Nancy A. , Benowitz Neal L. , Prochaska Judith , Leischow Scott , Nides Mitchell , Blumenstein Brent , Clarke Anthony , Cain Daniel , Jacobs Cindy
Published: July 2023

Importance

Cytisinicline (cytisine) is a plant-based alkaloid that, like varenicline, binds selectively to α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which mediate nicotine dependence. Although not licensed in the US, cytisinicline is used in some European countries to aid smoking cessation, but its traditional dosing regimen and treatment duration may not be optimal.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of cytisinicline for smoking cessation when administered in a novel pharmacokinetically based dosing regimen for 6 or 12 weeks vs placebo.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A 3-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (ORCA-2) compared 2 durations of cytisinicline treatment (6 or 12 weeks) vs placebo, with follow-up to 24 weeks, among 810 adults who smoked cigarettes daily and wanted to quit. It was conducted at 17 US sites from October 2020 to December 2021.

Interventions

Participants were randomized (1:1:1) to cytisinicline, 3 mg, 3 times daily for 12 weeks (n = 270); cytisinicline, 3 mg, 3 times daily for 6 weeks then placebo 3 times daily for 6 weeks (n = 269); or placebo 3 times daily for 12 weeks (n = 271). All participants received behavioral support.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Biochemically verified continuous smoking abstinence for the last 4 weeks of cytisinicline treatment vs placebo (primary) and from end of treatment to 24 weeks (secondary).

Results

Of 810 randomized participants (mean age, 52.5 years; 54.6% female; mean of 19.4 cigarettes smoked daily), 618 (76.3%) completed the trial. For the 6-week course of cytisinicline vs placebo, continuous abstinence rates were 25.3% vs 4.4% during weeks 3 to 6 (odds ratio [OR], 8.0 [95% CI, 3.9-16.3]; P < .001) and 8.9% vs 2.6% during weeks 3 to 24 (OR, 3.7 [95% CI, 1.5-10.2]; P = .002). For the 12-week course of cytisinicline vs placebo, continuous abstinence rates were 32.6% vs 7.0% for weeks 9 to 12 (OR, 6.3 [95% CI, 3.7-11.6]; P < .001) and 21.1% vs 4.8% during weeks 9 to 24 (OR, 5.3 [95% CI, 2.8-11.1]; P < .001). Nausea, abnormal dreams, and insomnia occurred in less than 10% of each group. Sixteen participants (2.9%) discontinued cytisinicline due to an adverse event. No drug-related serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions and Relevance

Both 6- and 12-week cytisinicline schedules, with behavioral support, demonstrated smoking cessation efficacy and excellent tolerability, offering new nicotine dependence treatment options.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04576949
Patterns of US Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Villas-Boas Sofia , Kaplan Scott , White Justin S. , Hsia Renee Y.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Numerous studies have shown that the prevalence of mental health (MH) conditions worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed on this phenomenon over a longer time horizon that considers the increasing trend in MH conditions before the pandemic, after the pandemic onset, and after vaccine availability in 2021.

Objective

To track how patients sought help in emergency departments (EDs) for non-MH and MH conditions during the pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used administrative data on weekly ED visits and a subset of visits for MH from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Data were reported from the 10 US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regions (Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Kansas City, Denver, San Francisco, and Seattle) for five 11-week periods. Data analysis was performed in April 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Weekly trends in total ED visits, mean MH-related ED visits, and proportion of ED visits for MH conditions were investigated to determine changes in each measure after the pandemic onset. Prepandemic baseline levels were established from 2019 data, and time trends of these patterns were examined in the corresponding weeks of 2020 and 2021. A fixed-effects estimation approach with weekly ED region data by year was used.

Results

There were 1570 total observations in this study (52 weeks in 2019, 53 weeks in 2020, and 52 weeks in 2021). Statistically significant changes in non-MH and MH-related ED visits were observed across the 10 HHS regions. The mean total number of ED visits decreased by 45 117 (95% CI, −67 499 to −22 735) visits per region per week (39% decrease; P = .003) in the weeks after the pandemic onset compared with corresponding weeks in 2019. The mean number of ED visits for MH conditions (−1938 [95% CI, −2889 to −987]; P = .003) decreased significantly less (23% decrease) than the mean number of total visits after the onset of the pandemic, increasing the mean (SD) proportion of MH-related ED visits from 8% (1%) in 2019 to 9% (2%) in 2020. In 2021, the mean (SD) proportion decreased to 7% (2%), and the mean number of total ED visits rebounded more than that of mean MH-related ED visits.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, MH-related ED visits demonstrated less elasticity than non-MH visits during the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the provision of adequate MH services, both in acute and outpatient settings.
A Dilute Fluorinated Phosphate Electrolyte Enables 4.9 V‐Class Potassium Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Gao Yueteng , Li Wei , Ou Boning , Zhang Shuhua , Wang Huwei , Hu Junyang , Kang Feiyu , Zhai Dengyun
Published: July 2023

Potassium ion batteries using graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes are considered to be optimizing candidates for large‐scale energy storage. However, the lack of suitable electrolytes significantly hinders the development of high‐voltage potassium ion batteries. Herein, a dilute (0.8 m) fluorinated phosphate electrolyte is proposed, which exhibits extraordinary compatibility with both graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes. The phosphate solvent, tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP), has weak solvating ability, which not only allows the formation of robust anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anode but also effectively suppresses the corrosion of Al current collector at high voltage. Meanwhile, the high oxidative stability of fluorinated TFP solvent enables stable ultrahigh‐voltage (4.95 V) cycling of a potassium vanadium fluorophosphate (KVPO4F) cathode. Using TFP‐based electrolyte, the 4.9 V‐class potassium ion full cell based on graphite anode and KVPO4F cathode shows rather remarkable cycling performance with a high capacity retention of 87.2% after 200 cycles. This study provides a route to develop dilute electrolytes for high‐voltage potassium ion batteries, by utilizing solvents with both weak solvating ability and high oxidative stability.
Pathogen‐Targeting Bimetallic Nanozymes as Ultrasonic‐Augmented ROS Generator against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Infection
Authors: Yao Hong , Zhou Ruixue , Wang Jiaming , Wei Yongbin , Li Shihong , Zhang Zhenzhong , Du Xiang‐Dang , Wu Sixuan , Shi Jinjin
Published: July 2023

Clinical treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens‐induced infection is emerging as a growing challenge in global public health due to the limited selection of clinically available antibiotics. Nanozymes as artificial enzymes that mimicked natural enzyme‐like activities, are received great attention for combating MDR pathogens. However, the relatively deficient catalytic activity in the infectious microenvironment and inability to precisely targeting pathogen restrains their clinical anti‐MDR applications. Here, pathogen‐targeting bimetallic BiPt nanozymes for nanocatalytic therapy against MDR pathogen are reported. Benefiting from electronic coordination effect, BiPt nanozymes exhibit dual‐enzymatic activities, including peroxidase‐mimic and oxidase‐mimic activities. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency can be efficiently increased 300‐fold by ultrasound under inflammatory microenvironment. Notably, BiPt nanozyme is further cloaked with a platelet‐bacteria hybrid membrane (BiPt@HMVs), thus presenting excellent homing effect to infectious sites and precise homologous targeting to pathogen. By integrating accurate targeting with highly efficient catalytic, BiPt@HMVs can eliminate carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in osteomyelitis rats model, muscle‐infected mice model, and pneumonia mice model. The work provides an alternative strategy based on nanozymes for clinically addressing MDR bacteria‐induced infections.
Inkjet Patterning of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles in Silicone Elastomers
Authors: Shim Hyunji , Hwang Siwon , Byun Eunjeong , Choi Minyoung , Kim Bongjun , Song Seunghyun
Published: July 2023

The incorporation of the plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) in microfluidic systems is highly desirable since their unique characteristic such as localized plasmonic resonance can be largely beneficial to many biomedical applications; however, the typical incorporation process requires a long immersion time and totally lacks patterning capability. This work develops a method for embedding patterned plasmonic AuNPs and AgNPs in silicone elastomer by inkjet printing metal ion solution into uncured silicone elastomer. This work finds that both energetics and kinetics of the solvent's mixing behaviors are critical to successful patterning, both experimentally and theoretically. Based on these results, patterned metal NPs are literally “embedded” in silicon elastomers efficiently, not formed just on surfaces. This work demonstrates the patterning capability by reproducing pixel arts with metal NPs in silicone elastomer. In addition, an AuNPs‐based photothermal microfluidic pump that responds to light at a specific wavelength is fabricated, demonstrating the potential utility of the inkjet patterned metal NPs in silicone elastomer.
Spatially Distributed Ramp Reversal Memory in VO2
Authors: Basak Sayan , Sun Yuxin , Banguero Melissa Alzate , Salev Pavel , Schuller Ivan K. , Aigouy Lionel , Carlson Erica W. , Zimmers Alexandre
Published: July 2023

Ramp‐reversal memory has recently been discovered in several insulator‐to‐metal transition materials where a non‐volatile resistance change can be set by repeatedly driving the material partway through the transition. This study uses optical microscopy to track the location and internal structure of accumulated memory as a thin film of VO2 is temperature cycled through multiple training subloops. These measurements reveal that the gain of insulator phase fraction between consecutive subloops occurs primarily through front propagation at the insulator‐metal boundaries. By analyzing transition temperature maps, it is found, surprisingly, that the memory is also stored deep inside both insulating and metallic clusters throughout the entire sample, making the metal‐insulator coexistence landscape more rugged. This non‐volatile memory is reset after heating the sample to higher temperatures, as expected. Diffusion of point defects is proposed to account for the observed memory writing and subsequent erasing over the entire sample surface. By spatially mapping the location and character of non‐volatile memory encoding in VO2, this study results enable the targeting of specific local regions in the film where the full insulator‐to‐metal resistivity change can be harnessed in order to maximize the working range of memory elements for conventional and neuromorphic computing applications.
Short‐term outcomes of a prospective multicenter phase II trial of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer in Japan (ENSEMBLE‐1)
Authors: Kagawa Yoshinori , Watanabe Jun , Uemura Mamoru , Ando Koji , Inoue Akira , Oba Koji , Takemasa Ichiro , Oki Eiji
Published: July 2023

Aim

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in Japan.

Methods

This prospective, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm phase II trial was conducted at five institutions. The key eligibility criteria were age ≥ 20 years, LARC within 12 cm from the anal verge, and cT3‐4N0M0 or TanyN+M0 at the time of diagnosis that enabled curative resection. Preoperative short‐course radiation therapy (SCRT) 5 Gy × 5 days (total 25 Gy) + CAPOX (six courses) followed by total mesorectum excision (TME) was the treatment protocol. Non‐operative management (NOM) was allowed if clinical complete response (cCR) was obtained in the preoperative evaluation. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate.

Results

Thirty patients (male, n = 26; female, n = 4; median age, 62.5 [44–74] years; cT [T2, n = 1; T3, n = 25; T4, n = 4]; cN [N0, n = 13; N1, n = 13; N2, n = 4]) were enrolled. The final analysis included 30 patients in total. The completion rates were 100% for SCRT and 83% for CAPOX. TME and NOM were performed in 20 and seven patients, respectively. pCR was observed in six patients (30% [95% CI 14.0%–50.8%]). The primary endpoint was met. pCR+cCR was observed in 13 (43.3%) patients. There were no treatment‐related deaths. Grade ≥3 (CTCAE ver. 5.0) adverse events (≥20%), including diarrhea (23.3%) and neutropenia (23.3%). The median follow‐up period was 15.6 (10.5–22.8) months, with no recurrence or regrowth in NOM.

Conclusions

ENSEMBLE‐1 demonstrated satisfactory pCR and cCR, and well‐tolerated safety of TNT for patients with LARC in Japan.
Pd‐Catalyzed Switchable Access to Imines and Amines from Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Raydan Daniel , Royo Beatriz , Marques M. Manuel B.
Published: July 2023

The use of Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst for the challenging synthesis of imines through acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation using secondary alcohols and amines is reported. The reaction requires low catalyst loading, shows high selectivity for the formation of the imine without the need of adding any base or additive, and can be scaled up. Interestingly, when the catalytic reaction is performed in a closed system, in the presence of base, the reaction selectively yields the corresponding amine. To highlight the practical utility of the synthesis of imines, a family of structurally important scaffold, an indole, were synthesized.
Sex‐biased parental investment and female wealth accumulation in ancientCalifornia
Authors: Greenwald Alexandra M. , Burns Gregory R. , Eerkens Jelmer W. , Bartelink Eric J. , Leventhal Alan , Arellano Monica V.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The mortuary record at Middle Period siteKalawwasa Rummeytak(CA‐SCL‐134) (2600‐1225 cal BP) in California's southern Santa Clara Valley shows pronounced wealth inequality;Olivellashell bead wealth, as well as other grave goods, are concentrated in the burials of several older adult females. The concentration of wealth among women, along with regional strontium isotopic evidence of male‐biased residential shifts in early adulthood, suggests a matrilineal kinship system that practiced matrilocal post‐marital residence patterns. We suggest local resource enhancement effects incentivized keeping women in their natal communities and investing more in female offspring.

Materials and Methods

With the consent of, and in collaboration with, the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area, this paper employs isotopic analysis (δ15N andδ13C,86Sr/87Sr) to examine duration of exclusive breastfeeding, weaning age (complete cessation of breastmilk consumption), early childhood diet, and lifetime residential mobility of individuals interred atKalawwasa Rummeytakto test the assumption that the site inhabitants favored matrilocality and that female offspring received greater levels of investment in groups with female wealth/status attainment. First molars, third molars, and bone was sampled from 22 individuals.

Results

The average weaning age for females atKalawwasa Rummeytakis 36.3 months ± 9.7 (1 SD), or just over 3 years. The average weaning age for males is 31.2 ± 7.9 months (1 SD), or about 2.6 years. Infants at the site were provisioned with supplemental foods dominated by C3plants and terrestrial herbivores, as well as anadromous fish. After weaning, individuals consumed a diet dominated by acorns, C3plants, and terrestrial herbivores, with periodic inclusion of anadromous fish. 30% of the sampled population of females exhibit local first molar87Sr/86Sr values, suggesting thatKalawwasa Rummeytakis their natal community. None of the males interred at the site are locals.

Discussion

Despite the small sample size often unavoidable in archaeological contexts, we find possible female‐biased parental investment strategies. Cessation of breastfeeding (weaning) was, on average, 5 months earlier for males compared to females. There are no differences between females and males in the consumption of supplemental or post‐weaning foods. Strontium data suggest a flexible postmarital residence system that favored matrilocality. This may have incentivized greater investment in female offspring.
The protection of CoronaVac against the infection of wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 (WH‐09) or Omicron variant in nude‐hACE2 mice
Authors: Lin Kaili , Liu Meixuan , Sun Lu , Fu Hanjun , Qiao Hongwei , Wang Shunyi , Pan Sidan , Gao Hong
Published: July 2023

Background

Immunocompromised individuals have an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and severe outcomes, but we pay less attention to these people. Athymic nude mice are a murine strain with a spontaneous deficiency of the Foxn1 gene, which can result in thymic degeneration or its absence, leading to immunosuppression and a decrease in the number of T cells, and are widely used in preclinical evaluations of disease in immunocompromised populations.

Methods

We investigated the protection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) against the infection of wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 (WH‐09) or Omicron variant utilizing a hybrid‐type nude‐hACE2 mouse model.

Results

Compared with nude‐hACE2/W mice, the viral load in the brain and lung tissue of nude‐hACE2 mice (nude‐hACE2/WV) infected with WH‐09 after vaccination significantly decreased, and the histopathological changes were also reduced. The viral load in the brain and lung tissue of nude‐hACE2 mice (nude‐hACE2/OV) infected with the Omicron variant after vaccination was lower than that in nude‐hACE2/O, but histopathological symptoms did not improve significantly.

Conclusion

CoronaVac provides some protection against infection of both WH‐09 and the Omicron variant in the nude‐hACE2 mice. Our findings aimed to provide a reference for vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 in immunocompromised populations.
Network Connectivity Alterations across the MAPT Mutation Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Flagan Taru M. , Häkkinen Suvi , Chu Stephanie A. , Brown Jesse A. , Lee Alex J. , Pasquini Lorenzo , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Sturm Virginia E. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Appleby Brian S. , Cobigo Yann , Dickerson Bradford C. , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Geschwind Daniel H. , Ghoshal Nupur , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Grossman Murray , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Huey Edward D. , Kantarci Kejal , Lario Lago Argentina , Litvan Irene , Mackenzie Ian R. , Mendez Mario F. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Roberson Erik D. , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Toga Arthur W. , Weintraub Sandra , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Forsberg Leah K. , Heuer Hilary W. , Boeve Bradley F. , Boxer Adam L. , Rosen Howard J. , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William W. , Lee Suzee E. ,   the ARTFL/LEFFTDS/ALLFTD Consortia
Published: July 2023

Objective

Microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) mutations cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and novel biomarkers are urgently needed for early disease detection. We used task‐free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) mapping, a promising biomarker, to analyze network connectivity in symptomatic and presymptomatic MAPT mutation carriers.

Methods

We compared cross‐sectional fMRI data between 17 symptomatic and 39 presymptomatic carriers and 81 controls with (1) seed‐based analyses to examine connectivity within networks associated with the 4 most common MAPT‐associated clinical syndromes (ie, salience, corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome, and default mode networks) and (2) whole‐brain connectivity analyses. We applied K‐means clustering to explore connectivity heterogeneity in presymptomatic carriers at baseline. Neuropsychological measures, plasma neurofilament light chain, and gray matter volume were compared at baseline and longitudinally between the presymptomatic subgroups defined by their baseline whole‐brain connectivity profiles.

Results

Symptomatic and presymptomatic carriers had connectivity disruptions within MAPT‐syndromic networks. Compared to controls, presymptomatic carriers showed regions of connectivity alterations with age. Two presymptomatic subgroups were identified by clustering analysis, exhibiting predominantly either whole‐brain hypoconnectivity or hyperconnectivity at baseline. At baseline, these two presymptomatic subgroups did not differ in neuropsychological measures, although the hypoconnectivity subgroup had greater plasma neurofilament light chain levels than controls. Longitudinally, both subgroups showed visual memory decline (vs controls), yet the subgroup with baseline hypoconnectivity also had worsening verbal memory and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and extensive bilateral mesial temporal gray matter decline.

Interpretation

Network connectivity alterations arise as early as the presymptomatic phase. Future studies will determine whether presymptomatic carriers' baseline connectivity profiles predict symptomatic conversion. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:632–646
Preparation of metal–organic framework material: Experiment and simulation analysis on removing organic dyes from wastewater
Authors: Zhou Gang , Niu Chenxi , Li Shuailong , Song Ruixin , Hu Yating
Published: July 2023

Dye is an organic substance that seriously threatens the water environment. Using a solvothermal technique, MIL‐100(Fe) and M‐Fe have been synthesized to effectively remove methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange dyes from wastewater. The microstructures of the two products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric (TG), and X‐ray diffractometer (XPS) test. Optimized the optimal experimental parameters through batch processing experiments, when the pH was 5 and 2, the amount of adsorbent was 50 mg, the temperature was 25°C, and the dye concentration was 30 mg/L, MIL‐100(Fe) and M‐Fe had the highest removal rates of MB, at 98.95% and 94.11%, respectively. Adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. After three regeneration experiments, the removal rate was still high. The removal efficiencies of the two adsorbents for MB were similar. However, the regeneration performance of M‐Fe was better. Through the simulation of materials studio, the adsorption energy of the product and MB is −0.93 eV, which is favorable for adsorption. The results show that the two adsorbents can effectively remove MB from wastewater and have broad application prospects.
Identification and characterization of a novel bacteriocin gene cluster in Lysinibacillus boronitolerans
Authors: Tang Yanqiong , Lei Junxia , Ma Xiang , Li Juanjuan , Li Hong , Liu Zhu
Published: July 2023

Although the antibiotics inhibit or kill pathogens, the abuse leads to the resistance formation and even “Super Bacteria.” Therefore, it is urgent to explore the natural and safe alternatives such as bacteriocin. In this study, an uncharacterized bacteriocin gene cluster for Lysinibacillus boronitolerans was first predicted by genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, of which including two biosynthetic genes, a regulatory gene, a transport‐related gene, and six other genes. Subsequently, the 10.24‐kb gene cluster was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and the lysate effectively inhibited the growths of pathogenic bacteria containing Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus velezensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. The antibacterial substance was purified by 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation and further identified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that the antibacterial substance consisted of 44 amino acids and had 24.1% sequence identity with the cyanobacterin Piricyclamide 7005 E4 PirE4, a bacteriocin analogue. The minimal set of genes required for the biosynthesis of the antibacterial substance was determined by site‐directed mutagenesis, suggesting both a transcriptional repressor and a phosphohydroxythreonine transaminase were essential. Subsequently, the evolution and conservation of the two proteins were analyzed among 22 Lysinibacillus species. Among them, the residues responsible for functions were identified. Collectively, our results set a solid foundation for investigation of the biosynthesis and application of bacteriocin.