bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion in remediation: A scoping review of the medical education literature
Authors: Mills Lynnea M. , Boscardin Christy , Joyce Elizabeth A. , ten Cate Olle , O'Sullivan Patricia S.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Remediation can be crucial and high stakes for medical learners, and experts agree it is often not optimally conducted. Research from other fields indicates that explicit incorporation of emotion improves education because of emotion's documented impacts on learning. Because this could present an important opportunity for improving remediation, we aimed to investigate how the literature on remediation interventions in medical education discusses emotion.

Methods

The authors used Arksey and O'Malley's framework to conduct a scoping literature review of records describing remediation interventions in medical education, using PubMed, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Web of Science and APA PsycInfo databases, including all English‐language publications through 1 May 2020 meeting search criteria. They included publications discussing remediation interventions either empirically or theoretically, pertaining to physicians or physician trainees of any level. Two independent reviewers used a standardised data extraction form to report descriptive information; they reviewed included records for the presence of mentions of emotion, described the mentions and analysed results thematically.

Results

Of 1644 records, 199 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in full. Of those, 112 (56%) mentioned emotion in some way; others focused solely on cognitive aspects of remediation. The mentions of emotion fell into three themes based on when the emotion was cited as present: during regular coursework or practice, upon referral for remediation and during remediation. One‐quarter of records (50) indicated potential intentional incorporation of emotion into remediation programme design, but they were non‐specific as to how emotions related to the learning process itself.

Conclusion

Even though emotion is omnipresent in remediation, medical educators frequently do not factor emotion into the design of remediation approaches and rarely explicitly utilise emotion to improve the learning process. Applications from other fields may help medical educators leverage emotion to improve learning in remediation, including strategies to frame and design remediation.
Modelling and evaluating periodontal ligament mechanical behaviour and properties: A scoping review of current approaches and limitations
Authors: Ovy Enaiyat Ghani , Romanyk Dan L. , Flores Mir Carlos , Westover Lindsey
Published: August 2021

This scoping review is intended to synthesize the techniques proposed to model the tooth‐periodontal ligament‐bone complex (TPBC), while also evaluating the suggested periodontal ligament (PDL) material properties. It is concentrated on the recent advancements on the PDL and TPBC models, while identifying the advantages and limitations of the proposed approaches. Systematic searches were conducted up to December 2020 for articles that proposed PDL models to assess orthodontic tooth movement in Compendex, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Although there have been many studies focused on the evaluation of PDL material properties through numerous modelling approaches, only a handful of approaches have been identified to investigate the interface properties of the PDL as a complete dynamical system (TPBC models). Past reviews on the analytical and experimental determination of the PDL properties already show a concerning range in reported output values—some nearly six orders of magnitude in difference—that strongly suggested the need for further investigation. Surprisingly, it has not yet been possible to determine a narrower range of values for the PDL material properties. Moreover, very few scientific approaches address the TPBC as an integrated complex system model. In consequence, current methods for capturing the PDL material behaviour in a clinical setting are limited and inconclusive. This synthesis encourages more systematic, pragmatic and phenomenological research in this area.
Regional Public Sector Organizations: A broader taxonomic classification to cross‐pollinate empirical research
Authors: Rickabaugh Jay
Published: August 2021

The present scholarship on cross‐boundary organizations of local governments often splinters its focus and investigates narrow species of organizations with specific powers or unique policy domains. However, many organizations share common governance structures and mechanisms. Investigating these commonalities from a broader perspective permits stronger cross‐pollination of knowledge and sharpens generalizable theories of governance and administration. In this article, I first provide easily and unambiguously measurable criteria capturing a genus I term Regional Public Sector Organizations (RPSOs). These criteria rely on a rescaled common definition of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs). In the United States, this broad genus includes many species of public authorities, regional councils, and policy‐specific organizations. Terminology may differ in other nations, but the underlying idea sustains. The second contribution is five research questions largely inspired by IGO scholarship. Considering the parallels of RPSOs to IGOs can chart a rigorous, empirical path toward more coherent theoretical conversations on regional governance.
Managing Reference‐Group Effects in Sequential Product Upgrades
Authors: Sun Jiong , Xie Jinhong , Chen Tao , Li Fei , Wang Gao
Published: August 2021

In this study, we examine how firms can leverage reference‐group effects (RGEs) in sequential introduction of upgraded products. RGEs arise when consumers engage in social comparisons: leaders desire to distinguish themselves from followers and followers desire to mimic leaders. We find that RGEs have a non‐monotonic impact on the profitability of product upgrades: a stronger RGE first increases and then decreases profits. This inverted‐U effect is fundamentally driven by two opposite effects of RGEs: a positive push effect on leaders’ upgrading to a new generation when followers adopt an existing product that leaders possess, and a negative pull effect on followers’ adoption of the existing product when leaders upgrade to the new product. We also offer insights on inter‐generational differentiation in the presence of RGEs. We find that by coordinating product differentiation in two dimensions, functional improvement and exterior form, the firm is able to eliminate the negative pull effect, which occurs when the strength of RGEs is intermediate. In such cases, both functional improvement and exterior differentiation increase with the strength of RGEs. When the strength of RGEs is sufficiently high, however, the firm will focus on exterior differentiation rather than functional improvement. Managerial implications are discussed.
Voters’ view of leaders during the Covid‐19 crisis: Quantitative analysis of keyword descriptions provides strength and direction of evaluations
Authors: Fredén Annika , Sikström Sverker
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Previous research suggests that governments usually gain support during crises such as the Covid‐19. However, these findings are based on rating scales that only allow us to measure the strength of this support. This article proposes a new measure of how voters evaluate Prime Ministers (PM) by asking for descriptive keywords that are analyzed by natural language processing.

Methods

By collecting a representative sample of citizens’ own key words describing their PM in 15 countries in Europe during the outbreak of Covid‐19, and analyzing these by latent semantic analysis and a multiple OLS regression, we could quantify the strength and direction of voters’ view.

Results

The strength analysis supported previous studies that describing the PM with positive words was strongly associated with vote intention. Furthermore, a change in the direction of the attitudes from “good” to “honest” was found. A new finding was that the pandemic was associated with an increase in polarization.

Conclusions

The keyword evaluation analysis provides opportunities of evaluating both strength and direction of voters’ view of their PM, where we show new results related to increased polarization and shift in the direction of attitudes.
Is antivitamin K reversal required in patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation?
Authors: Martinez Samira , Garcia Isabel , Ruiz Angel , Tàssies Dolors , Reverter Joan Carles , Colmenero Jordi , Beltran Joan , Fondevila Constantino , Blasi Annabel
Published: August 2021

Background

Antivitamin K agent (AVK) reversal in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT) is not defined in guidelines. We investigated the effect of reversion with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) on intraoperative transfusion, bleeding, and safety in LT patients on AVK.

Study design and methods

In 511 patients undergoing LT, we identified 25 patients treated with AVK (AVK group) and 13 patients with incidental portal vein thrombosis (PVT) without AVK (incidental PVT group). Fifty patients who underwent LT without PVT or AVK matched by age, model for end stage of liver disease (MELD), body mass index (BMI), and cirrhosis etiology were selected as the control group.

Results

There were no significant differences between the three groups in intraoperative blood loss, transfusion, and postoperative bleeding. In the AVK group, there were no differences between patients who received PCC and those who did not in intraoperative blood loss, red blood cells, fibrinogen, and platelet transfusion, or postoperative bleeding. PCC use had no effect on RBC transfusion in patients who had international normalized ratio or clotting time above versus below median values of the two parameters at baseline (2.3 and 103 s, respectively). No thrombotic events were detected in patients who received PCC.

Discussion

These data suggest that systematic administration of PCC to revert AVK prior to LT should be reconsidered.
Influence of doxapram and intermittent 10% carbon dioxide inspiration on cardiovascular and laryngeal functions in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Sakai Daniel M. , Howard Shenise L. , Reed Rachel A. , Quandt Jane E. , Barletta Michele , Wallace Mandy L. , Grimes Janet A. , Schmiedt Chad W.
Published: August 2021

Objective

To compare the effects of two doses of doxapram intravenous injection and carbon dioxide inhalation on the cardiovascular and laryngeal functions of anesthetized hounds.

Study Design

Experimental study.

Animals

Six healthy adult dogs.

Methods

In a Latin‐square design, the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously. The inspiratory normalized glottic gap areas (iNGGA) were measured before and after each stimulation with 0.55 mg/kg of doxapram (L‐DOX), 2.2 mg/kg of doxapram (H‐DOX), or 90 s of inhalation of 10% carbon dioxide in oxygen (I‐CO2). The stimulations were tested in duplicate or triplicate. Video clips of the laryngeal movement were scored by board‐certified surgeons masked to the treatment.

Results

The MABP increased with L‐DOX and H‐DOX up to 81% (both p < .001 compared to I‐CO2), and persisted during the other stimulations (both p < .001). An intermittent tachycardic effect of up to 79% increase in HR was observed with doxapram. The HR following H‐DOX was higher than L‐DOX and I‐CO2 (both p < .016). Neither hypertension nor tachycardia was observed with I‐CO2. The iNGGA increased with all treatments (p < .001). The iNGGA was greater with H‐DOX than L‐DOX and I‐CO2 (both p < .007). All treatments received higher scores (all p < .001) with acceptable inter‐ and intra‐observers Krippendorff's alphas.

Conclusion

All treatments were effective respiratory stimulants in anesthetized dogs; however, doxapram caused hypertension and tachycardia.

Clinical Significance

Carbon dioxide inhalation might improve arytenoid motion without cardiovascular effects in dogs during clinical airway examinations.
Explore into the Infinite Wonder in Time and Space--On the Pursuit of the Time-Space on an Idea-Sketching Stage in Chinese Opera
Authors: Chen Tao
Published: August 2021

Chinese opera is a highly comprehensive opera that attaches paramount importance to imagery. The qualities of simulative performance, including its orientation, immediacy and flowability, constitutes the transcendent and free time-space of the art of Chinese opera. Considering the profound impact that the spirit of idea-sketching (Xieyi in Chinese, which is an aesthetic conception in China that emphasizes on capturing the spiritual essence rather than the superficial appearance) in Chinese traditional culture has on opera creation, an exploration into the impressionist views in Chinese traditional culture will be necessary to understand the beauty of idea-sketching Chinese opera. The creation of opera directors should be based on the traditional Chinese aesthetics centering on spirit conveying and essence capturing. Opera directors need to explore how the idea-sketching spirit contained in Chinese traditional culture can be applied and extended on the opera stage.
Characterization and Validation of Fatigue Strains for Superelastic Nitinol Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Senol K. , Cao H. , Tripathy S.
Published: August 2021

Fatigue is a major challenge encountered in cardiovascular implant design. While the properly heat-treated Nitinol can exhibit up to 6–7% recoverable strains allowing for minimally invasive transcatheter delivery of cardiovascular implants, the cyclic in vivo loading can cause premature fracture of the implant if the fatigue strain is too high. Strain-based criteria have been adopted for the development of Nitinol fatigue resistance. Lacking experimental tools to characterize the local material fatigue strain, fatigue testing of Nitinol specimens has largely relied on the finite element analysis to compute the cyclic strain amplitude and mean strain based on experimentally derived constitutive parameters using phenomenological strain energy theory. Without a consistent computational standard, previous works have resulted in controversy and inconsistency in the impact of mean strain on the fatigue resistance of Nitinol in terms of strain amplitude limit at high cycle fatigue regime. In this paper, digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used to experimentally determine local material strains of Nitinol fatigue specimens using monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. These local strains are compared with strains computed from finite element analysis. It was found that strains from DIC and FEA are comparable in the single-phase states (pure austenitic or martensitic), whereas the measured strains can show significant difference from simulation computed strain during the transformation stage where both austenite and martensite phase co-exist. These observations have significant implications to nitinol fatigue testing and implant reliability assessment.
Shear Stress and Filtration Loss Properties Assessment of Nano-Silica Water-Based Drilling Fluid Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Ning Yee Cai , Ridha Syahrir , Ilyas Suhaib Umer , Krishna Shwetank , Abdurrahman Muslim
Published: August 2021

A complete overview of the rheology and filtration properties of drilling fluids is essential to ensure an efficient transport process with minimized fluid loss. Silica nanoparticle is an excellent additive for rheology and filtration properties enhancement. Existing correlations are not available for nano-SiO2-water-based drilling fluid that can extensively quantify the rheology or filtration loss of nanofluids. Thus, two data-driven machine learning approaches are proposed for prediction, i.e., artificial neural network (ANN) and least square support vector machine (LSSVM). Parameters involved in the prediction of shear stress are SiO2 concentration, temperature, and shear rate, whereas SiO2 nanoparticle concentration, temperature, and time are the inputs to simulate filtration volume. A feed-forward multilayer perceptron is constructed and optimized using the Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm. The parameters for the LSSVM are optimized using couple simulated annealing (CSA). The performance of each model is evaluated based on several statistical parameters. The predicted results achieved R2 (coefficient of determination) value higher than 0.99 and mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value below 7% for both the models. The developed models are further validated with experimental data that reveals an excellent agreement between predicted and experimental data.
Gasification Kinetics of Victorian Brown Coal-Derived Char in Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Sayeed Imtenan , Kibria M. A. , Bhattacharya Sankar
Published: August 2021

In a chemical looping combustion (CLC) system, gasification kinetics of char holds immense importance being the rate-limiting reaction in the fuel reactor. This paper studied the gasification kinetics of char derived from Victorian brown coal (VBC) in a fluidized bed reactor which mimics the fuel reactor conditions of a chemical looping combustion process. Mass of char, char particle size, and gas flow conditions were optimized to ensure the gasification reaction free from mass transfer limitations. Effect of oxygen carrier (OC), hematite, being the bed material was also studied. The experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 800 °C–950 °C, which is a typical range for fuel reactor. The experimental results were modeled with the help of grain model (GM) and random pore model (RPM) to analyze the kinetic parameters. Activation energy was found to be around 177 kJ/mol in sand bed and 175.5 kJ/mol in the hematite bed. Reaction in hematite bed was found to be 42% faster on average compared with the reaction in a sand bed. Fastest total conversion of char took as low as 4.1 min in hematite bed at 950 °C. While catalytic effect of hematite was ruled out due to insignificant change in activation energy, it was concluded that increase in CO2 partial pressure at the vicinity of char particle enhanced the reaction rate in the case of hematite bed. This study has generated relevant information for the CLC of Victorian brown coal with hematite as the oxygen carrier.
Computing Marginal Cost of Durability of Energy Systems Components by Structural Optimization With Fatigue Constraints
Authors: Pasquali Felipe M. , Hall John F.
Published: August 2021

There is a relationship between product durability and the effect the product has on the environment and economy. One approach that impacts this dynamic involves a circular economy. The idea of a circular economy is gaining more traction as some businesses have begun to shift toward a product as a service model in which they, the businesses, maintain ownership of the product. One example of this business model is emerging in the energy sector. Given this shift, the life of the product becomes more important as it directly impacts the bottom line of the business. This gives rise to the marginal cost of durability (MCD) metric. The MCD determines the cost of the product in relation to the life of the system. For longer life, the design generally necessitates more cost-intensive measures to ensure durability. In the context of sustainable design, system life is particularly important for renewable energy systems that promote sustainable living. These large structures often require a high volume of materials and the end-of-life disposal for those materials. The design requirements for material also increase as the design life increases. The additional materials provide a safeguard against failure phenomena, such as fatigue. The MCD metric has been used in previous studies. However, there is no formal method for determining the MCD. This article examines a method for measuring the MCD for the commercial class of wind energy production systems. A metamodel of the damage response is built in lieu of expensive computational models. Design optimization is used to search for the design parameters having fatigue damage as a constraint. This process is repeated for a set of system life values, yielding a set of designs. Curve fitting is used to find a mathematical relationship between life and cost. An example of this method is applied to the study of a wind turbine tower life. The study indicates that the wind turbine tower design for 80 years has 34% more mass and cost than a 20-year design. The results from the proposed method provide information that can be used to determine the design life of a system.
A Novel Signal Processing Method for Friction and Sliding Wear
Authors: Nagarajan Rajini , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Subramaniam Saravana Sankar , Krishnasamy Senthilkumar , Siengchin Suchart , Sukumaran Jacob , Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi , Mohammad Faruq , Al-Lohedan Hamad A.
Published: August 2021

This current study proposed a new computationally efficient and comparatively accurate algorithm for calculating both static and dynamic coefficients of friction from high-frequency data. Its scope embraced an application in a real-time friction-based system, such as active braking safety systems in automobile industries. The signal sources were from a heavy-duty reciprocating dry sliding wear test platform, focused on experimental data related to friction induced by stick-slip phenomena. The test specimen was a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated basalt/vinyl ester composite material, tested at a large scale. The algorithm was primarily aimed to provide scalability for processing significantly large tribological data in a real-time. Besides a computational efficiency, the proposed method adopted to evaluate both static and dynamic coefficients of friction using the statistical approach exhibited a greater accuracy and reliability when compared with the extant models. The result showed that the proposed method reduced the computation time of processing and reduced the variation of the absolute values of both static and dynamic frictions. However, the variation of dynamic friction was later increased at a particular threshold, based on the test duration.
Mechanical Power Losses of Ball Bearings: Model and Experimental Validation
Authors: Dindar A. , Chimanpure A. S. , Kahraman A.
Published: August 2021

A tribo-dynamic model of ball bearings is proposed to predict their load-dependent (mechanical) power losses. The model combines (i) a transient, point contact mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) formulation to simulate the mechanics of the load carrying lubricated ball-race interfaces and (ii) a singularity-free dynamics model and establishes the two-way coupling between them that dictates power losses. The dynamic model uses a vectoral formulation with Euler parameters. The EHL model is capable of capturing two-dimensional contact kinematics, velocity variations across the contact as well as asperity interactions of rough contact surfaces. Resultant contact surface shear distributions are processed to predict mechanical power losses of example ball bearings operating under combined radial and axial forces. An experimental setup is introduced for measurement of the power losses of rolling-element bearings. Sets of measurements taken by using the same example ball bearings are compared with those predicted by the model to assess its accuracy in predicting mechanical power loss of a ball bearing within wide ranges of axial and radial forces.
Interferometric in-situ III/V semiconductor dry-etch depth-control with ±0.8 nm best accuracy using a quadruple-Vernier-scale measurement
Authors: Sombrio Guilherme , Oliveira Emerson , Strassner Johannes , Doering Christoph , Fouckhardt Henning
Published: August 2021

Semiconductor multilayer and device fabrication is a complex task in electronics and opto-electronics. Layer dry etching is one of the process steps to achieve a specific lateral device design. In situ and real-time monitoring of etch depth will be necessary if high precision in etch depth is required. Nondestructive optical techniques are the methods of choice. Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy equipment has been used to monitor the accurate etch depth during reactive ion etching of III/V semiconductor samples in situ and real time. For this purpose, temporal Fabry–Perot oscillations due to the etch-related shrinking thickness of the uppermost layer have been exploited. Earlier, we have already reported an etch-depth resolution of ±16.0 nm. By the use of a quadruple-Vernier-scale measurement and an evaluation protocol, now we even improve the in situ real-time etch-depth resolution by a factor of 20, i.e., nominally down to ±0.8 nm.
Fatigue Measured in Dynamic Versus Isometric Modes After Trail Running Races of Various Distances
Authors: Koral Jerome , Fanget Marie , Imbert Laurianne , Besson Thibault , Kennouche Djahid , Parent Audrey , Foschia Clément , Rossi Jérémy , Millet Guillaume Y.
Published: August 2021

Purpose:Fatigue has previously been investigated in trail running by comparing maximal isometric force before and after the race. Isometric contractions may not entirely reflect fatigue-induced changes, and therefore dynamic evaluation is warranted. The aim of the present study was to compare the magnitude of the decrement of maximal isometric force versus maximal power, force, and velocity after trail running races ranging from 40 to 170 km.Methods:Nineteen trail runners completed races shorter than 60 km, and 21 runners completed races longer than 100 km. Isometric maximal voluntary contractions (IMVCs) of knee extensors and plantar flexors and maximal 7-second sprints on a cycle ergometer were performed before and after the event.Results:Maximal power output (Pmax; −14% [11%],P < .001), theoretical maximum force (F0; −11% [14%],P < .001), and theoretical maximum velocity (−3% [8%],P = .037) decreased significantly after both races. All dynamic parameters but theoretical maximum velocity decreased more after races longer than 100 km than races shorter than 60 km (P < .05). Although the changes in IMVCs were significantly correlated (P < .05) with the changes inF0andPmax, reductions in IMVCs for knee extensors (−29% [16%],P < .001) and plantar flexors (−26% [13%],P < .001) were larger (P < .001) than the reduction inPmaxandF0.Conclusions:After a trail running race, reductions in isometric versus dynamic forces were correlated, yet they are not interchangeable because the losses in isometric force were 2 to 3 times greater than the reductions inPmaxandF0. This study also shows that the effect of race distance on fatigue measured in isometric mode is true when measured in dynamic mode.
Intense subaerial weathering of eolian sediments in Gale crater, Mars
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Michalski Joseph R. , Zhou Mei-Fu
Published: August 2021

Clay-bearing sedimentary rocks at Gale crater are more consistent with subaerial chemical weathering than formation in a lake.
Evolution-inspired redesign of the LPS receptor caspase-4 into an interleukin-1β–converting enzyme
Authors: Devant Pascal , Cao Anh , Kagan Jonathan C.
Published: August 2021

Caspase-4 homologs can naturally evolve or be synthetically engineered to directly link cytosolic LPS detection to IL-1β secretion.
Infected pancreatic necrosis and retroperitoneal abscess associated withLactobacillus paracasei
Authors: Miwa Toshiki , Tanaka Hajime , Shiojiri Toshiaki
Published: August 2021

Infected pancreatic necrosis is a postpancreatitis complication that is mainly caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci. Here, we have reported a very rare case ofLactobacillus paracaseibacteraemia associated with infected pancreatic necrosis and retroperitoneal abscess. In addition to the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis, blood test results revealed a high inflammatory status. CT of the abdomen revealed pancreatic walled-off necrosis. Blood culture and aspiration fluid culture revealed positivity forL. paracasei, leading to the diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis. The abscess had spread in the retroperitoneal space later. The patient recovered after receiving antibiotic treatment and endoscopic and percutaneous drainage.L. paracaseican cause invasive infection, including infected pancreatic necrosis and retroperitoneal abscess, which requires aggressive therapy.
Linkage to primary-care public health facilities for cardiovascular disease prevention: a community-based cohort study from urban slums in India
Authors: Pakhare Abhijit , Joshi Ankur , Anwar Rasha , Dubey Khushbu , Kumar Sanjeev , Atal Shubham , Tiwari Ishan Raj , Mayank Vipul , Shrivastava Neelesh , Joshi Rajnish
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Once identified with these conditions, individuals need to be linked to primary healthcare system for initiation of lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and maintenance of therapies to achieve optimal blood pressure and glycaemic control. In the current study, we evaluated predictors and barriers for non-linkage to primary-care public health facilities for CVD risk reduction.

Methods

We conducted a community-based longitudinal study in 16 urban slum clusters in central India. Community health workers (CHWs) in each urban slum cluster screened all adults, aged 30 years or more for hypertension and diabetes, and those positively screened were sought to be linked to urban primary health centres (UPHCs). We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors for non-linkage to primary-care providers. We conducted in-depth assessment in 10% of all positively screened, to identify key barriers that potentially prevented linkages to primary-care facilities.

Results

Of 6174 individuals screened, 1451 (23.5%; 95% CI 22.5 to 24.6) were identified as high risk and required linkage to primary-care facilities. Out of these, 544 (37.5%) were linked to public primary-care facilities and 259 (17.8%) to private providers. Of the remaining, 506 (34.9%) did not get linked to any provider and 142 (9.8%) defaulted after initial linkages (treatment interrupters). On multivariate analysis, as compared with those linked to public primary-care facilities, those who were not linked had age less than 45 years (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.5)), were in lowest wealth quintile (OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.9), resided beyond a kilometre from UPHC (OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.4) and were engaged late by CHWs (OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.8 to 3.7)). Despite having comparable knowledge level, denial about their risk status and lack of family support were key barriers in this group.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates feasibility of CHW-based strategy in promoting linkages to primary-care facilities.
Effects of prematurity on long-term renal health: a systematic review
Authors: Sangla Ananya , Kandasamy Yogavijayan
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the literature and determine if prematurity has an impact on long-term adverse kidney outcomes.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

OVID Medline, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched for studies relating to the adverse outcomes of prematurity from 1990 to April 2021.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

All articles published between January 1990 and April 2021 that investigated whether premature infants developed long-term adverse renal outcomes were included in this review. Articles must have been human studies and written in English. Case series with less than 20 participants and case studies were excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis

One reviewer completed the database searches. Article selection was performed independently and in a non-blinded manner by both reviewers. Initial screening was by title and abstract. Full texts of remaining articles were reviewed. Articles for which inclusion was unclear were re-reviewed by both reviewers, and a unanimous decision was taken as to whether they should be included. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included articles.

Results

The literature search yielded 31 human studies, which investigated the short-term and long-term kidney outcomes of prematurity. These studies were conducted in 17 different countries. The most common outcomes measured were blood pressure (BP) and glomerular filtration rate. Other common outcomes measured included kidney size and mass, proteinuria, albuminuria, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and physical parameters such as height, weight and body mass index.

Conclusion

Prematurity is likely linked to increased risk of kidney dysfunction and high BP in childhood and into early adulthood. Premature birth conferred a twofold increased risk of CKD and extremely premature birth conferred a threefold increased risk of CKD. However, further larger multicentre studies are needed to draw definitive conclusions on the long-term kidney outcomes of prematurity.
Human leukocyte antigen class II-based immune risk model for recurrence evaluation in stage I–III small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Peixin , Zhao Lishu , Wang Hao , Zhang Liping , Zhang Wei , Zhu Jun , Yu Jia , Zhao Sha , Li Wei , Sun Chenglong , Wu Chunyan , He Yayi , Zhou Caicun
Published: August 2021

Background

Immunotherapy has revolutionized therapeutic patterns of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA class II) is related to antitumor immunity. However, the implications of HLA class II in SCLC remain incompletely understood.

Materials and methods

We investigated the expression patterns of HLA class II on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by immunohistochemistry staining and its association with clinical parameters, immune markers, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 102 patients with stage I–III SCLC with radical surgery. Additionally, an HLA class II-based immune risk model was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. With bioinformatics methods, we investigated HLA class II-related enrichment pathways and immune infiltration landscape in SCLC.

Results

HLA class II on tumor cells and TILs was positively expressed in 9 (8.8%) and 45 (44.1%) patients with SCLC, respectively. HLA class II on TILs was negatively associated with lymph node metastasis and positively correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on TILs (p<0.001) and multiple immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3; p<0.001). Lymph node metastasis (OR 0.314, 95% CI 0.118 to 0.838, p=0.021) and PD-L1 on TILs (OR 3.233, 95% CI 1.051 to 9.95, p=0.041) were independent predictive factors of HLA class II on TILs. HLA class II positivity on TILs prompted a longer RFS (40.2 months, 95% CI 31.7 to 48.7 vs 28.8 months, 95% CI 21.4 to 36.3, p=0.014). HLA class II on TILs, PD-L1 on TILs, CD4, and FOXP3 were enrolled in the immune risk model, which categorized patients into high-risk and low-risk groups and had better power for predicting the recurrence than tumor stage. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that patients with high HLA class II expression demonstrated signatures of transmembrane transportation, channel activity, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. High-risk SCLC patients had a higher proportion of T follicular helper cells (p=0.034) and a lower proportion of activated memory CD4-positive T cells (p=0.040) and resting dendritic cells (p=0.045) versus low-risk patients.

Conclusions

HLA class II plays a crucial role in tumor immune microenvironment and recurrence prediction. This work demonstrates the prognostic and clinical values of HLA class II in patients with SCLC.
Multi-Input Multi-Output Converter for Universal Power Conversion Operation
Authors: Suresh K. , Vijayshankar S. , Sathyaseelan B. , Saravanan R.
Published: August 2021

This novel converter proposes a Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) power conversion approach for step-up and step-down processes in AC-DC, DC-DC, AC-AC and DC-AC conversions. This versatile converter is designed by using power electronic switches, for AC-DC and AC-AC conversions thyristors are preferred, whereas DC-DC and DC-AC operations require both turn-on and turn-off control so that transistor (IGBT) is the most suitable switch. The proposed converter is highly recommended for multiple source and multiple output operations, but it can perform one conversion at a time. Power rating of the converter can be up to kilowatts during DC-DC and DC-AC conversions process and AC-AC and AC-DC conversions rating may extend up to megawatts. Simulation model of the MIMO converter is examined in the MATLAB simulink model and the same verified in the real-time test bench model. Conversion in all the stages can be controlled by a digital controller according to the requirement. All four conversions can perform step-up as well as step-down process, so design of inductor and capacitor values are very much important. All four modes of operations for thyristor-based transistors and two diode-based transistors are used to ensure switching operations. Novelty of the research work is conversion of power in all the modes can be bidirectional and also in single-stage process, but in the existing systems of power conversions is a unidirectional process. Proposed single-stage power conversion has more efficiency because of low switching losses. This proposed converter was designed by using mathematical analysis, tested at simulation level and verified in the real-time experiment.
Yetter–Drinfel’d modules over weak Hopf quasigroups
Authors: Yan Dongdong , Wang Shuanhong
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we first give more interested properties of a weak Hopf quasigroup [Formula: see text]. Next, we introduce the notion of Yetter–Drinfel’d weak quasimodule over [Formula: see text] and prove that the category [Formula: see text] of right-right Yetter–Drinfel’d weak quasimodules is braided with left and right dualities under suitable conditions. Finally, we describe the notion of coquasitriangular weak Hopf quasigroup [Formula: see text], and study there exist a relation between Yetter–Drinfel’d weak quasimodule and the coinvariant space of right [Formula: see text]-comodule over [Formula: see text].
CORRELATION BETWEEN DIAPHRAGM EXCURSION WITH BOTH THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND EXERCISE CAPACITY FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE STUDIED BY ULTRASOUND
Authors: AN PENG , QIN PING , WANG JIANRU , RONG ZHOU HE
Published: August 2021

Objective: To study the correlation between diaphragm excursion and both the quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by ultrasound and to reveal the factors affecting diaphragm excursion. Methods: A total of 42 COPD patients who were treated in our hospital from October 2015 to March 2020 and 42 healthy volunteers (control group) were included in the present study. The participants’ height, weight, and diaphragm excursion (the amplitude of diaphragm movement during deep breathing measured by M-mode ultrasound ([Formula: see text])), diaphragm movement time, degree of airflow obstruction (the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) as a percentage of its predicted level, FEV1%pred), and exercise capacity (six-minute walk distance, 6MWD) were measured. The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to evaluate the patients’ quality of life. The correlation between the amplitude of diaphragm movement and lung function was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to determine the COPD diagnosis efficacy of M-mode ultrasound, and its influencing factors were further analyzed. Results: During tidal breathing, the movement amplitudes of both hemidiaphragms in the COPD group were greater than those in the control group. During deep breathing, the movement amplitudes of both hemidiaphragms in the control group were greater than those in the COPD group. Moreover, during both tidal and deep breathing, the movement time of the right hemidiaphragm in the control group was longer than that in the COPD group (all P < 0.001). During deep breathing, the amplitude of diaphragm movement was positively correlated with FEV1 and FEV1%pred (both P < 0.001). During both tidal and deep breathing, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of COPD according to the diaphragm movement amplitude was 0.833 and 0.887, respectively, and the AUC for the diagnosis of COPD according to the diaphragm movement time was 0.625 and 0.732, respectively. The [Formula: see text] was correlated with the SGRQ score, symptom score, impact score, activity score, and 6MWD, with correlation coefficients of −0.474, −0.416, −0.432, −0.502, and 0.536, respectively. The factors affecting the [Formula: see text] were height ([Formula: see text], P < 0.001) and FEV1%pred ([Formula: see text], P < 0.001). Conclusion: The diaphragm excursion in COPD was closely related to patients’ quality of life. Height and FEV1%pred had the greatest impact on diaphragm excursion. The lower the diaphragm excursion of the patient, the worse their quality of life and the lower their exercise capacity.
Trade-offs among transcription elongation rate, number, and duration of ubiquitous pauses on highly transcribed bacterial genes
Authors: Gedeon Tomáš , Davis Lisa , Weber Katelyn , Thorenson Jennifer
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study the limitations imposed on the transcription process by the presence of short ubiquitous pauses and crowding. These effects are especially pronounced in highly transcribed genes such as ribosomal genes (rrn) in fast growing bacteria. Our model indicates that the quantity and duration of pauses reported for protein-coding genes is incompatible with the average elongation rate observed in rrn genes. When maximal elongation rate is high, pause-induced traffic jams occur, increasing promoter occlusion, thereby lowering the initiation rate. This lowers average transcription rate and increases average transcription time. Increasing maximal elongation rate in the model is insufficient to match the experimentally observed average elongation rate in rrn genes. This suggests that there may be rrn-specific modifications to RNAP, which then experience fewer pauses, or pauses of shorter duration than those in protein-coding genes. We identify model parameter triples (maximal elongation rate, mean pause duration time, number of pauses) which are compatible with experimentally observed elongation rates. Average transcription time and average transcription rate are the model outputs investigated as proxies for cell fitness. These fitness functions are optimized for different parameter choices, opening up a possibility of differential control of these aspects of the elongation process, with potential evolutionary consequences. As an example, a gene’s average transcription time may be crucial to fitness when the surrounding medium is prone to abrupt changes. This paper demonstrates that a functional relationship among the model parameters can be estimated using a standard statistical analysis, and this functional relationship describes the various trade-offs that must be made in order for the gene to control the elongation process and achieve a desired average transcription time. It also demonstrates the robustness of the system when a range of maximal elongation rates can be balanced with transcriptional pause data in order to maintain a desired fitness.
Inverse eigenvalue problem for Jacobi matrix and nonnegative matrices
Authors: Zadeh Somayeh Zangoei , Rivaz Azim
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present a method for constructing a Jacobi matrix [Formula: see text] using [Formula: see text] known eigenvalues [Formula: see text]. Some conditions are also given under which the constructed matrix is nonnegative and its diagonal entries are specified. Finally, we present a technique for constructing symmetric and nonsymmetric nonnegative matrices by their eigenvalues.
Coefficient bounds for certain families of bi-univalent functions defined by Wanas operator
Authors: Wanas Abbas Karem , Al-Khafaji Aqeel Ketab
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to find upper bounds for the second and third Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients for two families of holomorphic and bi-univalent functions associated with Wanas operator. Further, we point out certain special cases for our results.
The China-Italy Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Overview and Pathways to Progress
Authors: Men Honghua , Jiang Pengfei
Published: August 2021

2020, the year that the world was engulfed by the Covid-19 pandemic, was also the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Italy. The China-Italy comprehensive strategic partnership plays an important role in deepening China-EU cooperation, advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, and building a community with a shared future for humanity. China-Italy relations should be studied within the analytical framework of strategic partnership which has gained traction in China’s foreign policy narrative. Beijing’s pursuit of strategic partnerships aims at forging stable and enduring relations that are driven by common interests in a world of proliferating challenges and geopolitical uncertainties. While making steady progress, the partnership is also facing multi-dimensional challenges. China and Italy should strengthen strategic dialogue to build mutual trust and constantly improve their institutionalized cooperation. Economically, they should work out broader areas for collaboration and better manage their competition to achieve win-win results. At the level of people-to-people exchange, mutual understanding and trust should be enhanced to eliminate misconception and prejudice. At the regional level, the China-EU-Italy trilateral relationship should be consolidated to shield bilateral cooperation from the volatility of China-EU relations. In the global arena, China and Italy should also step up efforts to catalyze international financial reforms and address global challenges such as climate change, economic governance, and global public health emergencies by improving policy coordination and aligning global strategies.
Extension and early orogenic inversion along the basal detachment of a hyper-extended rifted margin: an example from the Central Pyrenees (France)
Authors: Angrand Paul , Ford Mary , Ducoux Maxime , De Saint Blanquat Michel
Published: August 2021

The North Pyrenean Zone inverts remnants of an Aptian–Cenomanian rifting during which subcontinental mantle was exhumed. These remnants contain a synrift HT–LP metamorphic domain, the Internal Metamorphic Zone. New field data, Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material data and structural cross-sections constrain the structural and metamorphic relationships between the Internal Metamorphic Zone and the underlying low-grade North Pyrenean Zone. The Internal Metamorphic Zone is a tectonic nappe that overthrusts the European margin along the 3M Fault. Along this contact, the Tuc de Haurades peridotite is surrounded by tectonic breccia composed of ductilely deformed carbonate and sparse lherzolite clasts that passes upward into foliated marbles. Marbles contain top-to-south ductile shear, recording continuing extensional deformation that marks the onset of HT metamorphism. During Early Cretaceous rifting, European Mesozoic sedimentary cover metamorphosed and its base brecciated as it slid basinward on Triassic salt onto exhumed mantle. As the exhumed mantle domain closed during early convergence, the detached metamorphosed cover was transported northward and thrust onto the distal European margin, sampling lherzolite tectonic lenses. This triggered the first tectonic loading on the European plate. This study highlights the role of the Internal Metamorphic Zone in the early Pyrenean orogenic phase and gives new insights into the east–west diversity of structural setting of the North Pyrenean Zone peridotites.

Supplementary material
: A table with Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material temperatures and original and high-quality photographs of the samples are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5539260