bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics of Children Under Five Years of Age Suffering from Stunting in Magelang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Giyarsih Sri Rum , Putri Ratih Fitria , Aji Maulana Malik Sebdo , Jayanti Yuyun Arining , Darmawan Fauzi , Wahidin Darto
Published: December 2021

This study is set out to examine the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of stunted children under five years of age in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province. Indonesia. It used questionnaire surveys (structured interviews) to collect data on 266 heads of households with stunted children under-five that had been selected using a tiered sampling method, then analyzed the data in the SPPS program. Also, in-depth interviews were conducted with informants from these households and staff of community health center, Health Office, Social Office, and Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA), and the resulting data were processed and analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion withdrawal, and verification. The quantitative data were tested for validity using the statistical procedures provided in the SPSS program, while the qualitative data were examined for their reliability by the triangulation method. The results showed that the majority of stunted children under-five in the regency had normal birth weight and length, received a complete series of immunization, and were breastfed. Furthermore, about one-third of the mothers were employed, showing that many of the families observed are less stable economically. This study also found that parents still lacked the knowledge to recognize stunting in their children, about 80 percent of which did not realize that their children experienced impaired growth and development. Another finding is that government programs have reached 50 percent of families with stunted children under-five.
Detecting Real-Time Fall of Elderly People Using Machine Learning
Authors: P Prathima
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Fall is a significant national health issue for the elderly people, generally resulting in severe injuries when the person lies down on the floor over an extended period without any aid after experiencing a great fall. Thus, elders need to be cared very attentively. A supervised-machine learning based fall detection approach with accelerometer, gyroscope is devised. The system can detect falls by grouping different actions as fall or non-fall events and the care taker is alerted immediately as soon as the person falls. The public dataset SisFall with efficient class of features is used to identify fall. The Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning algorithms are employed to detect falls with lesser false alarms. The SVM algorithm obtain a highest accuracy of 99.23% than RF algorithm. Keywords: Fall detection, Machine learning, Supervised classification, Sisfall, Activities of daily living, Wearable sensors, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine
Brief Case Study of PMMY Scheme in Karnataka
Authors: Raikar Gurudatt
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Small industries and start ups play an important role in raising the standard of living of our people, especially in rural areas of India. With the right support and resources, these MSMEs can add value to our country's economic condition. The current government has introduced various policies to encourage these MSMEs, namely MUDRA (Micro Unit Development and Refinancing Authority) which is another important step to ensure that these MSMEs . Mudra encourages people to become entrepreneurs and improve their livelihoods. This has enough money to finance these units. The paper highlights various small industries related to MUDRA and how MUDRA has helped increase their performance over the past three years in Karnataka. Keywords: MUDRA, GDP, MSMES GOI
Preparation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Hair Oil
Authors: Gorakhnath Mr. Ghodke shubham
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The various products to enhance beauty and elegance to look young and charming. Cosmetics thus play a vital role in human life. Now a days, herbal cosmetic are widely used because of the Belief that they have fewer side effects and better safety. Hair is one of the primary parts of the body which Acts as a protective appendage. The objective of the present work is to develop a hair oil for general purpose (daily use) using various herbs. The formulated oil was evaluated for its organoleptic properties, acid value, Saponification value, refractive index, pH etc. All the parameters were found to be good and within the Standards. Keywords: hair, oil, herbs, cosmetics, formulation, evaluation
Virtual Assistant with Applications of IOT
Authors: Jakhar Vishesh
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Man-made consciousness innovations are starting to be effectively utilized in human existence, this is worked with by the appearance and wide scattering of the Internet of Things (IOT). Independent gadgets are becoming more intelligent in their manner to communicate with both a human and themselves. New limits lead to making of different frameworks for mix of savvy things into Social Networks of the Internet of Things. One of the important patterns in man-made brainpower is the innovation of perceiving the normal language of a human. New experiences in this theme can prompt new method for normal humanmachine cooperation, in which the machine would figure out how to comprehend human's language, changing and connecting in it. One of such devices is voice associate, which can be incorporated into numerous other shrewd frameworks. In this workshop, the standards of the working of voice collaborators are depicted, its principle weaknesses and restrictions are given. The strategy for making a neighborhood voice colleague without utilizing cloud administrations is depicted, which permits to altogether grow the pertinence of such gadgets later on.
Growth, Structural, Spectral, Thermal, Optical, Second and Third Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Imidazolium Hydrogen Squarate (IHS) Single Crystal
Authors: Gayathri P.
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Imidazolium hydrogen squarate (IHS) crystal has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The lattice parameters of grown crystal were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction data and compared with powder XRD. Single crystal XRD shows that the crystal crystallizes in monoclinic system with noncentrosymmetric space group Pc. The crystallinity of the grown crystal was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. FT-IR and FT-RAMAN analyses qualitatively confirm the various functional groups present in the grown crystal. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded to establish the molecular structure. Thermal properties of title crystal were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The UV-Vis-NIR transmission spectrum was recorded to find the band width of optical transmittance window and the lower cutoff wavelength. The optical band gap value of the material is evaluated to be 5.6 eV. The second harmonic generation efficiency was calculated by the Kurtz and Perry powder method using a Q-switched mode locked Nd: YAG laser emitting 1064 nm laser as source. Finally, Z-scan technique was employed to determine the nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear absorption coefficient and third-order NLO susceptibility to find suitability of the grown crystal in photonics and optoelectronics applications. Keywords: Single crystal; Powder XRD; thermal analysis; SHG; Z-scan studies
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Rumex Confertus Willd
Authors: Shermatova G. D.
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The leaves and roots of Rumex confertus Willd were tested in vitro for antibacterial and fungal activity in the fractions of gasoline, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. As a result, it was found that the leaves of the Rumex confertus Willd plant, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the root part have antibacterial activity against fungi and gram-positive bacteria. Keywords: Rumex confertus Willd, fractions, extracts, antibacterial, antifungal
EFFORTS TO OVERCOME CRIMINAL ACTS OF SKIMMING COMMITTED THROUGH ATMS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW NUMBER 19 OF 2016 CONCERNING EIT
Authors: Dewi Putu Eka Trisna , Septiwidiantari Ni Made
Published: December 2021

Cybercrime is one form of the negative impact of the development of science and technology. One of the crimes in the form of Cybercrime, which in recent years has greatly disturbed the public, is skimming. Skimming crimes continue to increase and are unsettling the community. For this reason, serious efforts to overcome them are required. This study aims to examine the effort to overcome criminal acts of skimming committed through ATMs in the Perspective of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning EIT. This study is legal research with a literature study. The research approaches used are the statute approach and the fact-based approach. The results of this study revealed that as an effort to tackle skimming crime, there are two ways that can be applied, namely preventive action (preventing crime from occurring) and repressive action (efforts taken after a crime has occurred). The repressive measures that can be taken in tackling the crime of skimming are to apply legal provisions in accordance with Article 30 in conjunction with Article 46 of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning EIT.
POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF LAND DEED IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF NOTARY POSITION
Authors: Dharsana I Made Pria , Sumardika I Nyoman , Wesna Putu Ayu Sriasih , Astara I Wayan Wesna
Published: December 2021

This study aims to find out the potential conflicts on Land Deeds made by Notaries and to find out Notary efforts in making Land Deeds to minimize potential land conflicts. The method used in this study is the normative legal research method. In addition, the statute approach, conceptual approach, and analytical approach are the approach used in this study. The results of this study showed that (1) potential conflicts on Land Deeds made by Notaries are due to Notaries in carrying out their positions tend to be in a dilemma which on the one hand must comply with legal provisions with a normative nature, and on the other hand, empirical facts are so complex and often cannot be handled and accommodated by regulations that tend to be rigid. This is because when carrying out its positions, the Notary must serve the client, while the client needs service without being too concerned with the regulations that bind the Notary. (2) Notary efforts in issuing Land Deeds to minimize the potential for Land Conflicts are required to examine the completeness of documents by applying the precautionary principle to protect the real owner and reduce conflicts in the land sector. The application of the precautionary principle of the Notary in producing the PPJB deed and the Lease Agreement deed to registered land rights to be registered at the Land Office must start from the stage before the deed, the stage at which the deed is made and the reading of the deed.
RIGHT OF MALE HEIRS TO THE ORIGINAL FAMILY RELATED TO NYEBURIN’S MARRIAGE TO LAND RIGHTS IN PERSPECTIVE BALINESE LAW OF CUSTOMS
Authors: Redi Anak Agung Ngurah Mukti Prabawa , Suwitra I Made , Wesna Putu Ayu Sriasih
Published: December 2021

The marriage of nyeburin changes the position of women into purusa and men into pradana. Then in terms of inheritance, the priority in the nyeburin marriage is the woman, but the status of the man who becomes pradana is questioned when nyeburin marriage ends and the status of the man is returned to his family of origin. This study aims to analyze the inheritance rights of men who do nyeburin’s marriage on inherited land in their origin family and to analyze the implications of inheritance rights of men who do nyeburin’s marriage in right and obligations of origin family. The research method used is normative legal research. In addition, the data collection technique used is the library study technique. The results of this study revealed that (1) a man who does a nyeburin marriage will lose his right to inherit in his family of origin because of a change in his status to pradana in his wife's family. A man who does a nyeburin marriage will be considered to have left kedaton so that he has the same position as a woman who marries out. (2) Burden marriage has implications for the position of the husband so that here the husband follows the wife. The rights and obligations as husband and wife are still the same as in a normal marriage, only in a marriage where the wife's position is higher than that of the husband.
Pengaruh Penagihan Pajak dan Kepemilikan Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Penerimaan Pajak di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Gianyar
Authors: Putra Tjokorda Gde Anggadhika Widya Pramana
Published: December 2021

Dari Tahun 2014 sampai tahun 2018 jumlah WP yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Gianyar terus bertumbuh. Pertumbuhan terbesar terjadi di tahun 2016, tercatat sebesar 9,26% dan sedang kenaikan terkecil di tahun 2018 yaitu 7,59%. Dari sisi penerimaan pajak, Realisasi peningkatan tertinggi penerimaan pajak di KPP Pratama Gianyar terjadi pada tahun 2017, yaitu bertumbuh sebesar 39,06 %. Pertumbuhan pada periode 2016, penerimaan pajak menurun sebesar 3,02 persen. Peningkatan penerimaan pajak tetap terjadi di tahun 2018, meskipun tingkat pertumbuhannya tidak sebesar periode 2017. Motivasi dari penelitian ini yaitu menguji peran kewajiban kepemilikan NPWP, pemeriksaan pajak, penagihan pajak, dan kesadaran wajib pajak terhadap penerimaan pajak di KPP Pratama Gianyar. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisa data menggunakan SMART-PLS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di KPP Pratama Gianyar, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penagihan pajak secara langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam meningkatkan penerimaan pajak. Kewajiban kepemilikan NPWP secara langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam kesadaran wajib pajak. Penerimaan pajak secara langsung akan dipengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan oleh kesadaran wajib pajak. Dengan dimediasi Kesadaran wajib pajak, pengaruh penagihan pajak terhadap penerimaan pajak terbukti positif dan signifikan, dan mendapatkan 1 (satu) bentuk partial mediation. Dengan dimediasi kesadaran wajib pajak, pengaruh kewajiban kepemilikan NPWP terhadap penerimaan pajak terbukti positif dan signifikan, dan mendapatkan 1 (satu) bentuk full mediation.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Tubectomy Contraceptive Users in Bali from 2019-2020
Authors: Cahyawati (Scopus ID: 57203956416) Putu Nita
Published: December 2021

Abstract

                  Indonesia is the country with the largest population in Southeast Asia. The total population in Indonesia was recorded at 255.18 million, with a population growth rate of 3.33 million every year. This population growth has an impact on the economic development and welfare of the country. One of the efforts to suppress the increasing population is to use tubectomy contraception. This study aims to determine the characteristics of tubectomy contraceptive users in Bali in 2019-2020. The design of this research was descriptive cross-sectional. The inclusion criteria in this study were tubectomy contraceptive acceptors recorded in the medical records of the Sanjiwani Hospital in the range of 2019 to 2020. The exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data. The results of this study found that the prevalence of tubectomy users at the Sanjiwani Hospital from January 2019 to September 2020 was 6.71%. Characteristics of the most users are 36-45 years old, as many as 32 people (65.3%), the highest number of children are 3 children, namely 22 people (44.8%), the highest education level was high school level, which is 24 people (49%), the most occupations are housewives as many as 32 people (65.3%), the most common type of tubectomy was postpartum tubectomy as many as 40 people (81.6%), and for insurance, the most is a Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM) which is as many as 27 people (55,1%). This study concludes that the characteristics of the most contraceptive users are 36-45 years old, the highest number of children are 3 children, the highest education is senior high school, the majority are IRT, the most type of tubectomy contraception is postpartum, and the majority of insurance used is SKTM.

Keywords : contraception, tubectomy, RSUD Sanjiwani, Bali
Evaluation of the Anthelminthic Therapy of Albendazole as a Mass Drug in Elementary School in Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Apsari Putu Indah Budi
Published: December 2021

Abstract

                  Soil transmitted helminthiasis still remains problem among tropic and subtropics developing countries worldwide. Contribute to more than a billion morbidities of people from children to adults. Children are the most affected population by this infection. This study aims to evaluate mass drug anthelminthic therapy of albendazole in school and preschool children. A cross sectional study recruited preschool and school-age children as subject of this research. During the period of May-July 2020, fecal samples were collected one month after albendazole treatment and examined by Kato kats technique. Total 130 samples were examined, and it was found that only 1 (0.007%) was positive for Trichuris trichiura. Accordingly, we can conclude that Albendazole is effective for treating Soil transmitted helminthiasis in preschool and school-age children.

Keyword: anthelminthic, albendazole, school, children
Simuladores de vuelo como estrategia didáctica y pedagógica en la Escuela de Aviación Policial
Authors:   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Vargas Galván Giovanni Andrés , Díaz Figueroa John Edisson ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia, Chaparro Alvarado Henry Augusto ,   Policía Nacional de Colombia
Published: December 2021

Este libro se realizó con la finalidad de establecer el papel que juegan los simulado-res de vuelo como estrategia pedagógica y didáctica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a través de la repetición y adquisición de competencias prácticas en la formación de pilotos policiales en la especialización Piloto Policial de la Escuela de Aviación Policial (ESAVI) y en general talento humano de la aviación. Lo anterior a fin de establecer los tipos de simuladores de vuelo con los que cuenta la ESAVI, sus diseños o rediseños para que sean personalizados a las necesidades de la Institución, siendo lo más realistas posibles, así como la posibilidad de aprender desde fraseología aeronáutica hasta realizar actividades de vuelo en aeronaves de ala rotativa y fija, permitiendo con ello fortalecer la seguridad operacional de la aeronave y de sus tripulantes. De igual forma, se establece este libro para explicar y definir uno (1) virtual y tres (3) simuladores físicos, los cuales son IVAO, Helicóptero Bell 206 BIII, avión Cessna 172 y el avión Air Tractor-AT 802 respectivamente, los cuales han sido productos de los trabajos de grado en investigación llevados a cabo en la Escuela por parte de sus estudiantes.
Гипс в строительстве с древних веков до современности
Authors: Рахимов Равиль
Published: December 2021

Гипсовые вяжущие вещества и материалы на их основе являются одними из первых искусственных минеральных строительных материалов, которые были получены в истории человеческой цивилизации и нашли применение в строитель­стве с эпохи Древнего мира до настоящего времени. Строи­тельный гипс, ангидритовые и гипсоангидритовые вяжущие индивидуально или в сочетании с известью, минеральными и химическими добавками применялись до нашей эры, в эпоху средневековья и возрождения и вплоть до XX века в качестве кладочных, штукатурных и отделочных растворов. В VII—VIII столетиях применение гипса в строительстве, забытое в начале нашей эры после распада Римской империи, пережило первое возрождение в Европе. XX век стал эпохой второго возрожде­ния гипса в строительстве, но уж не только в Европе, а в везде мире. Сырьевые возможности гипсовых вяжущих и материалов на их основе и уровень достижений научных исследований и разработок России позволяет ей занять ведущее место в мире по производству и применению их в строительстве.
Mediatization of the Media as Industrial Transformation
Authors: Kolomiets Viktor P.
Published: December 2021

The article implements the idea of mediatization as a process of transformation of the mass communication industry. Nowadays, the current system of mass communication is under the pressure of digital transit, which is transgressive in nature and breaks traditional business patterns, requires business administration to make mental changes in thinking and management practices, and creates the highest level of tension among media managers. The article attempts to conceptualize (through the analysis of industrial points of tension: between television and online video - players of the cross-media dimension) some aspects of the digital transformation of the media industry and industrial management practices. Behind this transformation is the conflict between the digital environment generated by the relatively free development of the Internet and the purposefully organized and institutionalized state-controlled media.
The Theoretical Perceived Transgressing Role and Identity of Contemporary Journalism: Revolution or Evolution?
Authors: Simons Greg , Strovsky Dmitry
Published: December 2021

Journalism as a definition emerged more than two centuries ago and became actively promulgated in the study of media by core Western countries. Meanwhile, this term is often interpreted too freely, the term and practice are transgressing in the 21st century. This is a theoretical paper that seeks to understand how the role of journalism and mass media have mutated and why as interpreted by scholars. On the one hand, it is followed with a lack of its complex essence is hindered by contemporary political, social, economic and technological challenges that occur in the way of its development. It is caught between the utopian and idealistic theoretical and conceptual projections that are intended to be the basis of its social capital and legitimacy and the practical dilemmas and hardships (economic and political) of the contemporary era that shift the profession away from the aforementioned ideals.
Transdiscourse as a Concept of Digital Worlds
Authors: Kostikova Anna A. , Spartak Sergey A.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the current transformations of media culture in the conditions of crucial digitalization of society. Everyday life is fundamentally mediatized and this process is beyond the control and understanding, both by an individual, and by the professional community and society as a whole. Rather, we observe a general disturbing sense of violation of the usual boundaries of definitions and norms. In response to the crisis of comprehension and understanding, philosophy of language and communication turns back to the idea of discursivity of human civilization and proposes to adapt and rethink the concept of possible worlds and its descriptions in the aim to renew social strategies and communications. The increasing demand for methodological support of communication activities indicates the growing significance of cabinet philosophy, in particular philosophy of language and communication. This strategy of the scientific approach will allow us to build a research relevant to the subject-transdisciplinary. Based on an analysis of history of ideas and modern Russian methodology of transdisciplinarity, the authors put forward a hypothesis in terms of the philosophy of language on the development of digital mediated discourse in a transdimensional unity and the generation of different discourses.
Mediatizatsiya telesnosti i biopolitiki v kiberkul'ture
Authors: Alekseeva Ekaterina A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the ways of biopolitical control based on the corporeality deep mediatization in cyberculture. It is argued that such mediatization is inevitable process because of all-pervading interaction between bodies, technologies, media, etc. Thus, peoples corporeality includes in complex system of different mediatized lifeforms. The article concentrates on the two forms of the corporeality deep mediatization in cyberculture. The key features of these forms are pointed out and investigated. It is standed that specific of these forms makes people corporeality permeable for biopolitical control. The ways of mediatized biopolitical control and their dangerous are demonstrated. Besides, it is shown that the mediatized biopolitical control sometimes makes people to face with the choice between mediatization and death. The author proposes the question if the biopolitical control is inevitable due to the deep corporeality mediatization.
Immersive Technologies in Media: Towards the Concept of Generative Mediatization?
Authors: Shilina Marina G. , Wirth Julia
Published: December 2021

The practices of so-called immersive media have been developing in the past few years. The immersive media situation characteristics, infrastructure, content and social aspects have been identified through the use of a multilevel structural and functional methodology, and make it possible to fix its specificity at all levels. The new format of the immersive media situation leads to changes in approaches to the mediatization studies. In the article, to study the media immersive communicative situation a generative approach is proposed for the first time. It is relevant to topological thinking, and to the modern immanent picture of the world, when a person and technology co-create a new form. Along with the generative approach and generative design, the necessity of applying relevant paradigms and methods of psychology to form new theoretical and methodological foundations of immersive user-centric media communication is substantiated. Several new concepts and terms are introduced, in particular, the term immersive hypermediation, which is opposite to immediacy as a classical criterion of media effectiveness. As a result, the analysis of the essence and features of immersive media projects allows fixing the premises of immersive paradigm shift in mediatization studies.
The Impact of Mediatization on EU Public Outreach Campaigns
Authors: Samoilenko Sergei A.
Published: December 2021

This article addresses the mediatization of the European public sphere(s) and the issues it creates for the implementation of EU-wide public outreach efforts. As applied to the EU context, the concept of mediatization is understood as a relationship between the media and political institutions that causes societal transformation. In this sense, the public sphere is seen as a mediating infrastructure of debates of political legitimacy. In the context of mediatized politics, European public opinion is fragmented and bound to national public spheres. EU public outreach efforts are increasingly filtered and shaped by the media of its member countries. Due to multiple implementation issues, the EU has not been able to offer its members an attractive and unifying identity narrative promoting European values. This article offers some conceptual solutions to the problem.
The Motive of Peace in the Works of B. Pasternak and M. Bulgakov
Authors: Fei Li , Rudenko Maria S.
Published: December 2021

The concept of peace entered into Russian culture from the Bible and became its important spiritual tradition. With the development of secular literature, peace has gradually come out of the sacred field and become the significant aesthetic concept rich in connotation. In their works, Pasternak and Bulgakov reflect on the peace in the field of existence and art, especially the ontological value of family and love, thoughts about history, death and creativity. The concept of memory plays an important role in the artistic world of the two writers. Bulgakovs and Pasternaks books are testimony to rebirth and immortality, which is the way they participate in the sacred cause. The paper analyzes the place and role of the motive of peace in the novels of B. Pasternak Doctor Zhivago and M. Bulgakov The Master and Margarita in their similarities and differences. In this regard, the images of the house, music, creativity as the focus of the artists world are compared, the typological related figures of the beloved muse and the savior are considered, the specificity of the disclosure of the theme of immortality in creativity is noted.
Russian Policy in the Mediterranean: Historical Continuity and International Context
Authors: Kurylev Konstantin P. , Parkhitko Nickolay P.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the main directions of the Russian Federations foreign policy in the Mediterranean region in the period from 2015 to autumn 2021. The authors present a historical analysis of Russias military presence in the Mediterranean Sea since its first deployment in the 18th century and separately during the Cold War, since the key strategic goals and operational-tactical tasks facing the 5th Soviet Navy operational squadron in those years, as a whole, remained unchanged. Only their scale was adjusted. Three key aspects that determine the need for Russias presence in the Mediterranean are researched. These are the military, political and economic (raw) components that form the determinant of Russian foreign policy in the region. The expansion of the military activity of NATO countries - in particular, the United States, Great Britain and France - in the Mediterranean Sea and the Middle East, especially since the beginning of the civil war in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2011, requires an asymmetric response from Russia in the context of protecting its national interests. As far as geopolitics is concerned, Russias return of at least partial of those Soviet influence in the region also contributes to strengthening our countrys international positions. Finally, Russias presence in a part of the world, which is a natural logistics hub in the context of both world trade and energy supplies, conceptually complements the military-political agenda. The authors use the methods of historical and political analysis and practical systematization in order to formulate the main hypothesis of the study and come to scientific and theoretical conclusions. The main hypothesis is that the expansion of Russias military, political and economic presence in the Mediterranean will be intensified as the countrys economic potential grows. The authors suggest the following order as tools for implementing the strategy: speeding up efforts to ensure the permanent military presence of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean, deepening bilateral ties with Syria and conducting a pragmatic economic policy towards Turkey, which claims to be an important actor in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East as a whole.
The Mediterranean Sea Basin as a Single Ecosystem: Problems and Prospects for International Cooperation
Authors: Egorov Victor N. , Malakhova Ludmila V. , Degterev Andrey Kh. , Yurlov Mikhail N.
Published: December 2021

The article justifies that the Mediterranean Basin in the broad sense (Mediterranean, Black, Azov and Marmara Seas) is a single ecosystem. The state of this ecosystem is affected by the rivers of this water intake basin, among them - the Nile, Tiber, Po, Rhone, Ebro, Danube, Don and others. The interconnection of the individual elements of the ecosystem is ensured through active water exchange and a sufficiently branched system of currents that turn the inland seas of the Mediterranean basin into communicating vessels. The paper analyzes the main anthropogenic factors, as well as the influence of climate changes on the ecological condition of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Within the framework of anthropogenic impact, special attention is paid to the negative impact of urbanization, the oil industry (production, transportation and oil refining), industrial and agricultural waste, as well as runoff waters. The problem of plastic, as well as contamination with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is discussed in detail. Analysis of DDT accumulations in the bottom sediments of the Mediterranean basin makes it possible to study the synchronization of anthropogenic processes and their long-term nature. Aridization (intensification of droughts) in the Mediterranean is shown as an important problem for the regional ecology, not directly related to the anthropogenic factor. The article reveals the disastrous effects of increasing droughts and climate change on Mediterranean basin countries. International cooperation to regulate transboundary environmental problems in the region is associated with a number of problems. Among them is the delimitation of sea zones between countries, first of all - the territorial claims of Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. The problem of the shelf around the Serpents Island in the Black Sea is also considered, as well as territorial disputes in the Western Mediterranean (France/Spain). The paper widely presents successful cases of cross-boundary cooperation: the 1976 RAMOGE Agreement, the 1975 Mediterranean Action Plan and the 1995 Barcelona Convention, as well as its seven protocols. The cases of PEGASO and 4GreenInn projects, as well as the BSEC environmental projects, are considered as successful examples of cross-border academic cooperation. Promising areas of cooperation are outlined and the conclusion is made about the importance of transboundary environmental risk management, despite the political differences between the Mediterranean countries and the EU sanctions restrictions on Russia after 2014.
German-Algerian Relations by the Early 2020s in the Context of the Germany’s Regional Policy: Political and Military Aspects
Authors: Trunov Philipp O.
Published: December 2021

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a noticeable increase in German efforts to ensure security in the Mediterranean Sea. This is part of the growing activities to ensure a strong strategic position in North and West Africa, including the settlement of existing armed conflicts here as sources of threats to instability for Germany and its EU partners. Consequently, Germany found itself increasingly interested in finding reliable strategic partners, one of which is Algeria, which makes the topic of this article relevant. The purpose of the study is to examine bilateral security and defense relations with a special focus on the second half of the 2010s and early 2020s with the help of comparative and event-analysis. Having an applied character, this topic has not yet found detailed coverage in the works of both domestic and foreign, especially German, researchers. The historic background of the German-Algerian dialogue is presented. The growth of high-level contacts in the second half of the 2010s is shown, with Germany having to focus on negotiations with the frequently changing figure of the Algerian prime minister. The article also explores the constraints for the cooperation of German and Algerian armed forces on land and sea, as well as the dynamics of military-technical cooperation. The bilateral cooperation in the resolution of the armed conflict in Mali, first of all, in its northern region (Gao, Kidal and Timbuktu) is considered. The political and diplomatic cooperation on the Libyan track in the middle and second half of the 2010s, as well as shortly after the Berlin Conference on Libya in January 2020, is revealed. In the early 2020s, there was a sharp decline in the intensity and volume of bilateral cooperation in almost all areas. In addition to COVID-19, the importance of domestic political factors and the temporary decline in the practical value of the partnership in Libya and Mali for Germany are stressed. A forecast of the dynamics of bilateral relations is finally given.
Key Models of Religious Institutions’ Interaction in the Context of the State-Church Relations in Russia and Egypt
Authors: Lukyanova Galina O. , Chikrizova Olga S.
Published: December 2021

The article reveals and comparatively analyses the peculiarities of the state-church relations in Russia and Egypt. Currently, the role of religion and religious institutions in world politics is actively increasing, as well as the process of secularization of public life is being redefined. Religion still often becomes the cause of discrimination, persecution of certain groups of society; the level of Islamophobia in Western countries and Religiophobia in the whole world is not decreasing. In these conditions, the importance of state-church relations within key international actors is also growing. The purpose of the study is to provide comparative analysis of the specifics of the state religion policy of Russia and Egypt in order to develop recommendations for the use of Russian religious institutions to strengthen Russias position in the Middle East. Russia and Egypt were chosen as research objects, since these countries have a rich history of interaction in the religious sphere, which could become a basis for the future cooperation between religious institutions of the two countries. In addition, Egypt is one of the key states in the Middle East, where Russian influence has never been dominant, but where exactly religious organizations such as the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) most actively and successfully pursued Russias interests. Methodologically, the article is based on historical and empirical institutionalism, as well as comparative analysis and historical-genetic method. The study is quite novel, as it identifies four models of interaction between religious communities, which are based on two criteria: a) presence of religious institutions representing the interests of a particular community; b) status of religion in the state (dominant / minority religion). The practical significance of the study lies in its attempt to make recommendations for improving the use of religious organizations in Russia to promote state interests in Egypt on the basis of the highlighted features of state-church relations in Egypt.
International Aspects of Separatism in Contemporary Biafra
Authors: Denisova Tatyana S. , Kostelyanets Sergey V.
Published: December 2021

In the 21st century, the world at large and Africa in particular have encountered the rise of separatism, which has become one of the major challenges to stability. In Africa, over 20 countries face separatist movements, some of which demand full secession, while the rest - greater autonomy within the existing state. Most of Africas secessionist projects remain insignificant in scope and ineffectual, largely due to the absence or weakness of external support for separatists and to the commitment of the international community to preserve, with rare exceptions, the territorial integrity of states. The paper analyzes the reasons for the revival of the movement for the secession of Biafra decades after the end of the civil war between the central government of Nigeria and the separatists and looks into the international aspects that could fuel the conflict and exacerbate the military-political situation in West Africa, which is already turbulent due to the activities of Boko Haram terrorist group, other Islamist groupings in the Sahel, Cameroonian separatists of Ambazonia, etc. The present paper attempts to fill the gap in Russian Africanist literature on the current situation in Biafra, which is especially urgent due to the growing threat of separatism in Africa. Employing the historical approach, the authors analyze the nature of external involvement in the 1967-1970 Nigerian conflict, as well as methods of contemporary Biafran separatists, who seek international support. The paper concludes that due to various internal circumstances, as well as the practical lack of external material assistance, the establishment of a new Republic of Biafra will remain a utopian project for at least a decade, although separatist sentiments is likely to spread and hinder the achievement of internal political stability in West Africa, which is ridden with an increasing number of hot spots.
Energy Security Problem amid Global Energy Transition
Authors: Borovsky Yury V.
Published: December 2021

In the early 2020s the worlds transition from carbon-intensive to climate-neutral energy use has already become a discernible and a difficult-to-reverse process. With Joe Bidens election as US president, the United States have returned to the Paris Climate Agreement and have become a key driver of this process (along with the EU and China). As a result, the international community has reached a consensus on the ongoing energy transition. This process will require considerable effort and may take several decades. Nevertheless, the impact of energy transition on traditional approaches to energy security, which emerged largely as a result of the global oil crises of the 1970s and 1980s and are centered around the supply of fossil fuels, is already a relevant research topic. This problem is examined relying on the relevant terminological, theoretical and factual material. The article concludes that energy transition will ultimately undermine the carbon paradigm that has underpinned energy security policies since the 1970s. Rapid development of renewable and other low-carbon energy sources will certainly remove key energy security risks of energy importers and, possibly, allow them to achieve energy independence. However, a post-carbon era may also generate new risks. For countries that rely heavily on oil, gas and coal exports, energy transition will result in the loss of markets and revenues. It may present an energy security threat for them as well as it will require a costly and technologically complex process of the energy sector decarbonization. Some exporters, especially those with high fuel rents and insufficient financial reserves, may face serious economic and social upheavals as a result of energy transition. The EU and the US energy transition policies reflect provisions of all three fundamental international relations theoretical paradigms, including realism. This means that the EU and the US policy, aimed at promoting climate agenda, may be expected to be rather tough and aggressive. China as the third key player in energy transition is still following a liberal course; however, it may change in the future.
Russia - Latin America Economic Cooperation: Insights from EU - CELAC Sustainable Development Concept
Authors: Borzova Alla Yu. , Eremin Arkadiy A. , Ivkina Natalia V. , Petrovich-Belkin Oleg K.
Published: December 2021

The article considers cooperation patterns between the European Union (EU) and CELAC (Community of Latin America and the Caribbean) in the context of creatively applying this experience to a broader topic of Russia - Latin America multilevel cooperation. The concept of sustainable development, which implies interaction in accordance with its three main dimensions: environmental, social and economic, is adopted on the global level. The interaction between EU and CELAC contributes to the progress in achieving the goals of sustainable development, where a lot of attention is paid to the green economy, alternative energy, and social aspects, since the environmental aspects constraints are providing the most significant impetus to structural changes in the existing development paradigm. This in return is expected to create a model that ensures economic growth based on a green economy, alternative energy, with greater equality and social inclusiveness. At supranational level in the European Union an effective and systemic policy has been formed in the field of nature conservation and combating climate change, which without a doubt can be considered one of the most progressive ones in the world, which creates potential for sharing these experiences with less developed and fortunate nations. European programs for Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have become an important factor in the development of interregional cooperation in environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, and countering natural disasters. The article also focuses on the most recent changes that have occurred in the sphere of interaction between CELAC and EU in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Massive structural and conceptual changes that have seriously reshaped the priorities and funding of joint programmers between two organizations reflects new priorities for sustainable development in general when it comes to new world realities in post-pandemic world, and could be useful for Russian model for the relations with this region.
Azerbaijani-Iranian Relations: Main Directions and Features in 1991-2019 (Historiographical Overview)
Authors: Aghazada Mirmehdi M.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Iran in 1991-2019, as well as historiography on this topic. The author analyzes the priority areas of cooperation, such as trade and economic relations, tourism, cooperation on trilateral platforms, as well as the factors that influenced the dynamics of their development: Azerbaijani Turks living in Iran; the issue of the legal status of the Caspian Sea and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The author also identifies six stages of bilateral relations: 1) building relations (1991-1993); 2) trouble trusting in a relationship (1994-2000); 3) the most tense period (2001-2003); 4) enhanced cooperation (2004-2010); 5) sharp deterioration (2011-2013); 6) normalization and rapid development (2014-2019). It is indicated that because both states had different foreign policy strategies and international positioning on regional issues, in 1991-2019, bilateral relations were characterized by inconsistency - cooperation, on the one hand, and confrontation, on the other. However, thanks to the efforts of the presidents of both states, bilateral interaction during this period was generally able to maintain its constructive nature. Special attention is paid to the cooperation in the regional triangles: Azerbaijan - Iran - Russia and Azerbaijan - Iran - Turkey, which had different goals and different expectations. If the trilateral cooperation between Baku, Tehran and Moscow is mainly aimed at the implementation of the North-South International Transport Corridor, then the cooperation between Baku, Tehran and Ankara is aimed at strengthening trust and confidence in interstate relations. In conclusion, the author stresses that thanks to the efforts of political elites, especially the Presidents of Azerbaijan and Iran, in general bilateral relations in 1991-2019 were able to maintain their constructive character.