bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quid du secteur informel dans les politiques publiques de modernisation du système de transport urbain de Dakar ?
Authors: Sakho Papa , Diongue Momar
Published: July 2024

La grande ville africaine, figure emblématique de la métropole des infrastructures, symbolise l’entrée du continent dans la modernité. De Rabat au Cap et de Dakar à Nairobi, chaque métropole dispose de son métro, tram, train express, système de Bus rapid transit (BRT), en exploitation ou en projet. La mise à l’agenda politique de ces grandes infrastructures de transport de masse vient se superposer à la gestion d’un système préexistant faisant coexister un secteur public et un système dit informel, ou artisanal, de transport en commun. La fluidité incarnée par les nouvelles infrastructures se diffuse-t-elle vers les acteurs ordinaires du transport ? Dakar est le terrain d’observation de ces politiques publiques. Les données mobilisées résultent de l’analyse des discours des autorités politiques et gestionnaires et d’une enquête quantitative et qualitative, menée en octobre 2019 sur un échantillon de 180 acteurs du système de transport, dans six gares routières de transport informel devant être déplacées par le BRT. La modernisation du système des transports urbains de Dakar est marquée par l’incertitude des réformes institutionnelles encouragées par les bailleurs internationaux dans une perspective néolibérale. Elle peine encore à apporter une réponse globale, cohérente et efficace articulant internationalisation des infrastructures et de l’offre de services de mobilité et informalité des systèmes préexistants.
Tensions autour de l’infrastructure logistique de N’Djaména, Tchad
Authors: Muñoz José-María
Published: July 2024

Faisant frontière avec le Cameroun dans sa partie ouest, N’Djaména reste le principal centre commercial au Tchad, faisant du secteur du transport un enjeux majeur. Le quartier Ngueli, limitrophe à la ville de Kousseri, abrite le bureau de douane le plus important du pays. Ngueli illustre l’importance des activités logistiques dans les villes du continent africain. S’appuyant sur des observations ethnographiques et des entretiens qualitatifs et prenant comme point de départ l’expérience vécue des chauffeurs routiers, l’article analyse comment les réformes institutionnelles, les changements réglementaires et les investissements dans les infrastructures façonnent les flux commerciaux transitant par Ngueli. Apparemment investies dans des plans ambitieux de transformation, les autorités douanières et un opérateur privé gèrent conjointement ce qui est généralement considéré comme une plateforme logistique inefficace. Confrontés à une application sélective des règles, à la corruption et à des services logistiques peu attrayants, les transitaires et les importateurs s’appuient sur un répertoire éprouvé d’adaptation, de résistance et de contournement.
On the correlation of $ k $ symbols
Authors: Ren Yixin , Liu Huaning
Published: July 2024

In 2002 Mauduit and Sárközy started to study finite sequences of $ k $ symbols   $ E_{N} = \left(e_{1}, e_{2}, \cdots, e_{N}\right)\in \mathcal{A}^{N}, $ where   $ \mathcal{A} = \left\{a_{1}, a_{2}, \cdots, a_{k}\right\}, \ \ (k\in \mathbb{N}, k\geq 2) $ is a finite set of $ k $ symbols. Bérczi estimated the pseudorandom measures for a truly random sequence $ E_{N} $ of $ k $ symbol. In this paper, we shall study the minimal values of correlation measures for the sequences of $ k $ symbols, developing the methods similar to those introduced by Alon, Anantharam, Gyarmati, and Schmidt, among others.
A case-control study on cervical cancer screening outcome and HPV vaccination among young women in the Italian area of Udine
Authors: Valent Francesca , Moretti Valentina
Published: July 2024

The age for starting cervical cancer screening for women who were fully vaccinated against human papilloma virus (HPV) in adolescence could be increased from 25 to 30 years. In Italy, some regional governments have revised their screening programs accordingly, though others haven't. Local data on the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine may be helpful in encouraging updates in the screening protocols. We conducted a case-control study based on routine-collected anonymized administrative health data to evaluate the outcomes of first round cervical screening in women living in the Udine area of Italy, according to their vaccinal status. In the study, we included women born between 1993 and 1997, those that were living in the Udine area from 2008 to 2022, and those that participated in the regional cervical cancer screening program for at least one round from 2018 to 2022 (n = 2191). Of these women, 850 had been fully vaccinated before 15 years of age, 887 were vaccinated at age 15 or later, 39 were incompletely vaccinated, and 415 had never been vaccinated. 2140 women had a negative pap-test result and 51 had some type of non-normal result. The odds ratio for having a non-negative result was 0.23 for vaccinated vs non-vaccinated women (95% confidence interval 0.13–0.40). Only 0.2% of vaccinated women had CIN2+ lesions compared to 1.0% of CIN2 and 2.6% of CIN3 of non-vaccinated women (odds ratio of CIN2+ was 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.04–0.26). The first invitation to the regional cervical cancer screening could be delayed in women who were vaccinated against HPV.
Second order of Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory for the Grasp2018 package: Core correlations
Authors: Gaigalas Gediminas , Rynkun Pavel , Kitovienė Laima
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a further development of the method presented in G. Gaigalas, P. Rynkun, and L. Kitovienė, Second-order Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory for the GRASP2018 package: core–valence correlations, Lith. J. Phys. 64(1), 20–39 (2024) (https://doi.org/10.3952/physics.2024.64.1.3), based on a combination of the relativistic configuration interaction method and on the stationary second-order Rayleigh–Schrödinger many-body perturbation theory in an irreducible tensorial form. In this extension, the perturbation theory accounts for both electron core–valence and core correlations when an atom or ion has any number of valence electrons, while the relativistic configuration interaction accounts for the rest of correlations. This allows a significant reduction of the space of the configuration state functions for complex atoms and ions. We also demonstrate how this method works for the energy structure calculation of Fe XV ion.
IT from QUBIT or ALL from HALL?
Authors: Khveshchenko Dmitri V.
Published: July 2024

Generalized 1 + 0-dimensional Liouvillean dynamics describing deformations of the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model, as well as the various 1 + 1-dimensional dilaton and Horava–Lifshitz gravity theories, can all be mapped onto the single-particle quantum mechanics of a non-relativistic charge propagating in a (generally, curved) 2d space and subject to a (generally, non-uniform) magnetic field. The latter description sets a stage for the phenomenon of quantum Hall effect (QHE), thereby elucidating the intrinsically topological nature of the pertinent gravity theories and demystifying their (pseudo)holographic connection to a broad class of the SYK-like models.
Recent evolution of the star cluster population in the Andromeda’s disk
Authors: Čeponis Marius , Stonkutė Rima , Vansevičius Vladas
Published: July 2024

The most accurate parameters of star clusters are determined by analyzing colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) constructed from their member stars. The recent study applying this method to the analysis of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey star clusters includes objects up to ages of 300 Myr. In this study, we aim to extend a sample of star clusters with parameters determined based on CMDs of individual stars to older ages, up to ~700 Myr. We have developed an isochrone fitting procedure for CMDs of resolved and semi-resolved clusters to determine their parameters. The Bayesian approach is employed in determining star cluster ages and interstellar extinctions. We determined ages and extinctions for a sample of 854 star clusters from the M31 PHAT survey. We found that the star formation rate in the M31 galaxy was rather constant during the last ~130 Myr; however, a strong cluster formation episode occurred ~220 Myr ago, and can be attributed to the predicted passage of the M32 galaxy through the Andromeda’s disk.
Smoking-attributable Mortality in Korea, 2020: A Meta-analysis of 4 Databases
Authors: Cheon Eunsil , Yang Yeun Soo , Jo Suyoung , Hwang Jieun , Jung Keum Ji , Lee Sunmi , Park Seong Yong , Na Kyoungin , Kim Soyeon , Jee Sun Ha , Cho Sung-il
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Estimating the number of deaths caused by smoking is crucial for developing and evaluating tobacco control and smoking cessation policies. This study aimed to determine smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) in Korea in 2020.Methods: Four large-scale cohorts from Korea were analyzed. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) of smoking-related death. By conducting a meta-analysis of these HRs, the pooled HRs of smoking-related death for 41 diseases were estimated. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated based on the smoking prevalence for 1995 in conjunction with the pooled HRs. Subsequently, SAM was derived using the PAF and the number of deaths recorded for each disease in 2020.Results: The pooled HR for all-cause mortality attributable to smoking was 1.73 for current men smokers (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53 to 1.95) and 1.63 for current women smokers (95% CI, 1.37 to 1.94). Smoking accounted for 33.2% of all-cause deaths in men and 4.6% in women. Additionally, it was a factor in 71.8% of men lung cancer deaths and 11.9% of women lung cancer deaths. In 2020, smoking was responsible for 53 930 men deaths and 6283 women deaths, totaling 60 213 deaths.Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was responsible for a significant number of deaths in Korea in 2020. Monitoring the impact and societal burden of smoking is essential for effective tobacco control and harm prevention policies.
Descubrimiento de arte rupestre levantino y esquemático en Castelló: el Abrigo del Mas de la Rambla (Portell de Morella, Els Ports, Castelló)
Authors: Domingo Sanz Inés , Román Dídac , Duarte Francesc , Gil Ismael
Published: July 2024

Este artículo presenta el Abrigo del Mas de la Rambla, un nuevo yacimiento con arte rupestre en la provincia de Castelló. El análisis del dispositivo gráfico permitió localizar un total de 29 motivos con rasgos distintivos de dos expresiones artísticas prehistóricas: arte levantino y esquemático. Su valoración en el contexto de ambas tradiciones revela que, junto a motivos, temas y características habituales en ambos estilos, el yacimiento aporta ciertas singularidades. Primero, su localización geográfica, que contribuye a llenar un vacío en la distribución del arte levantino, especialmente entre los núcleos del Bajo Aragón y Guadalope/Maestrazgo en Aragón, y los de Morella la Vella, Gasulla, Valltorta y Montlleó en Castelló. En segundo lugar, las características geomorfológicas del enclave, una pared vertical desprovista de visera, que difiere de los clásicos abrigos levantinos. Y, por último, los temas representados, aportando nuevas evidencias a un tema singular y minoritario en este ciclo artístico como son las falanges de arqueros, así como una superposición entre motivos levantinos y esquemáticos, casi ausentes en estos territorios y de gran valor para el establecimiento de secuencias relativas.
La structure d’horizon au sein des axiomatiques : la phénoménologie entre réalisme et idéalisme
Authors: Pradelle Dominique
Published: July 2024

Faut-il entériner la thèse de l’objectivisme sémantique et admettre qu’il existe du sens en soi, doué d’identité absolue et ontologiquement indépendant de la conscience ? ou faut-il maintenir, dans le domaine des idéalités mathématiques, la thèse selon laquelle tout sens renvoie à une donation de sens par la conscience ? Nous examinons ici la question dans le cadre des mathématiques axiomatisées : les systèmes axiomatiques ne sont-ils pas clos a priori par la position des axiomes ? Partant, ce que Derrida affirmait des objets mathématiques (le fait qu’ils soient reconductibles à une donnée adéquate et s’épuisent dans leur phénoménalité) ne vaut-il pas pour les systèmes formels ? Nous voulons montrer que toute visée d’objets idéaux possède une structure d’horizon excédentaire, et que c’est à celle-ci que se réduit l’être en soi de tels objets. L’axiomatisation des théories renforce en effet le statut holiste de la visée d’idéalité mathématique, les formes d’objet n’ayant d’existence qu’intrathéorique et étant fonction du contexte théorique. Des divers sens de la thèse réaliste, on ne retiendra en définitive que la validité intersubjective des objets idéaux et leur obéissance à des lois idéales, sans admettre la thèse de leur indépendance ontologique.
Des modes d’objectivité dans l’apprentissage des mathématiques : le structuralisme mathématique à la lumière d’une épistémologie expérimentale
Authors: Hausberger Thomas
Published: July 2024

La présente étude questionne l’objectivité des mathématiques à travers l’analyse de la pratique mathématique, dans une modalité didactique. À travers des dialogues en classe (dans l’esprit de Lakatos), nous examinons la thèse, inspirée des travaux de Granger, que le développement de mathématiques formelles selon la méthode abstraite structuraliste ne se réduit pas à un langage mais engage un « contenu formel » qui se déploie dans une intuition symbolique. La didactique ou épistémologie expérimentale contribue ainsi à la philosophie par un commentaire d’expériences et l’interprétation de significations, dans des regards croisés.
Can one be a fictionalist and a platonist at the same time? Lessons from Leibniz
Authors: Rabouin David
Published: July 2024

Drawing on Leibniz’ thinking, this paper advocates two claims. Firstly, a continuous path can be drawn from the use of fictions inside mathematics, a widespread practice in the 16th and 17th centuries, to the use of mathematical entities as fictions outside mathematics (i.e. when it comes to employing them for describing the natural world). In the first case, fictitious entities are contrasted to other mathematical entities posited as “real”; in the second, all mathematical entities can be said to be fictitious compared to “real” things, taken in the sense of “existing in the natural world”. Secondly, I will show why the path drawn in the first section allows one –and even requires one if we follow Leibniz– to be both a fictionalist and a Platonist at the same time.
Objectivity and Rigor in Classical Italian Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Toffoli Silvia De , Fontanari Claudio
Published: July 2024

The classification of algebraic surfaces by the Italian School of algebraic geometry is universally recognized as a breakthrough in 20th century mathematics. The methods by which it was achieved do not, however, meet the modern standard of rigor and therefore appear dubious from a contemporary viewpoint. In this article, we offer a glimpse into the mathematical practice of the three leading exponents of the Italian School of algebraic geometry: Castelnuovo, Enriques, and Severi. We then bring into focus their distinctive conception of rigor and intuition. Unlike what is often assumed today, from their perspective, rigor is neither opposed to intuition nor understood as a unitary phenomenon –Enriques distinguishes between small-scale rigor and large-scale rigor and Severi between formal rigor and substantial rigor. Finally, we turn to the notion of mathematical objectivity. We draw from our case study in order to advance a multi-dimensional analysis of objectivity. Specifically, we suggest that various types of rigor may be associated with different conceptions of objectivity: namely objectivity as faithfulness to facts and objectivity as intersubjectivity.
Rojas Zorrilla a través de sus autógrafos: rasgos de escritura y composición dramática
Authors: Gutiérrez Gil Alberto
Published: July 2024

A pesar de los pocos e incompletos manuscritos autógrafos que conservamos del dramaturgo toledano, estos documentos se revelan como interesantes fuentes de información que dan cuenta de su manera de concebir el fenómeno de la composición teatral y su posterior representación. En el presente artículo estableceremos definitivamente su corpus de textos autógrafos y analizaremos sus rasgos compositivos.
Pensées mélancoliques et sauvages : la «mala musa» de Ángel Ganivet
Authors: Ángel García Miguel
Published: July 2024

No se ha dedicado aún un estudio específico a las Pensées mélancoliques et sauvages, una parte fundamental del cancionero que Ángel Ganivet escribió en francés y español a Mascha Diakovsky. El presente artículo resalta la rareza, intensidad y fuerza lírica de estos poemas, obra de un pensador seco que considera indisociables el amor, el dolor y la muerte.
L’Histoire à distance. Autour de L’Anglaise et le Duc d’Éric Rohmer
Authors: Castelnau-L’Estoile Charlotte de , Martinat Monica
Published: July 2024

Dans cet article, nous proposons une lecture historienne du film L’Anglaise et le Duc qui insiste sur le rôle des dispositifs de mise en scène dans le dépaysement et la création de distance qui éloignent le spectateur du passé auquel il est confronté. Ces choix refusent la recherche de l’empathie et suggèrent une manière de rendre compte de l’histoire par un regard étranger et distant, tout en étant impliqué. Ce regard nous paraît important en tant que suggestion artistique pour les historiens, afin de réévaluer la distance en tant qu’outil d’analyse et interprétation historiques.
L’adaptation comme variation thématique : les œuvres d’Henry James dans La Chambre verte de François Truffaut
Authors: Jardonnet Évelyne
Published: July 2024

Le générique de La Chambre verte comporte une singularité. Alors qu’elle est à l’origine du film, la nouvelle d’Henry James « L’Autel des morts » n’y est pas créditée. La référence à l’œuvre est remplacée par la mention « sur des thèmes d’Henry James ». Une telle précision n’a rien d’anecdotique, car elle cristallise la complexité du processus d’adaptation inhérent au film. On en prend la pleine mesure grâce à l’analyse des nombreux documents d’archives disponibles. Leur exploration met au jour deux phénomènes. Le premier concerne le jeu de tensions entre le texte source et l’abondante masse textuelle convoquée par les scénaristes pour combler les blancs que comportait, à leurs yeux, le texte source. Porté à son paroxysme par l’introduction de « La Bête dans la jungle », ce jeu de tensions implique également d’autres écrits de James. Des incessantes réécritures du scénario qui en découlent, surgit un autre phénomène. En effet, on observe l’existence d’un intertexte filmique très prégnant, dont la cohérence retient l’attention. Or, loin de faire glisser l’œuvre de James au second plan, celui‑ci jette sur ses réseaux thématiques un éclairage saillant
Écrit dans les coins pour liaisons secrètes : se passer le (petit) mot dans les films de François Truffaut
Authors: Vasse David
Published: July 2024

Toute fiction truffaldienne met en scène une logique de compromission entre la visibilité de la norme et la pression des attractions clandestines. Trouvant probablement son origine dans ses longues heures de lecture à l’écart des adultes, la relation du cinéma de Truffaut à la lettre se caractérise par une ponctualité de l’écrit en filigrane de l’histoire principale, jusqu’à devenir le paraphe d’un destin fatidique. Ainsi trouve‑t‑on fréquemment dans ses films l’interaction de la valeur contrebandière de l’écrit et du développement d’une liaison secrète. Le texte développe cette réflexion à propos de La Peau douce (1964), Domicile conjugal (1970) et La Femme d’à côté (1981).
Faux et usages de faux dans le cinéma de Claude Chabrol
Authors: Frazik Hélène
Published: July 2024

Ce texte propose de revenir sur l’emploi des faux en écriture dans les films de Claude Chabrol mettant en scène des crimes. L’écrit s’intègre à un immense jeu avec les apparences, jeu troublant la limite entre le vrai et le faux et le trouble profond, presque insondable, qui anime les personnages chabroliens. Au contact des faux, les intrigues se complexifient, les personnages deviennent de plus en plus ambigus et les images s’ouvrent sur le vertige de leur interprétation.
Les Indiens d’Antananarivo, des citadins comme les autres ?
Authors: Fournet-Guérin Catherine
Published: July 2024

Les Indiens d’Antananarivo, capitale de Madagascar, forment un groupe minoritaire, hétérogène, très visible et identifié en ville et n’ayant pourtant jamais fait l’objet d’une étude en géographie sociale et culturelle. Ces personnes, descendantes d’un mouvement migratoire développé dans un contexte colonial indianocéanique, sont pleinement insérées dans l’espace urbain où elles contribuent aux dynamiques urbaines et développent des pratiques et des représentations similaires à la population malgache aisée. Cependant, précisément en raison de leur position sociale favorisée, les Indiens aisés se distinguent par des pratiques mobilitaires contraintes par des raisons de sécurité et expriment un fort sentiment de vulnérabilité spatiale. Leur place en ville est sans cesse renégociée en fonction des contextes politiques et économiques. En dépit d’un déni de citadinité qui leur est opposé par la société locale, leur contribution par diverses expressions à la vie citadine est attestée. Finalement, les Indiens d’Antananarivo recherchent un droit à l’indifférence et à être des citadins comme les autres.
Un maquis urbain ? Participation et légitimation du militantisme armé dans une petite ville de l’Est de la RDC
Authors: Malipo Kabiona Yves
Published: July 2024

Le rapport entre le rural et l’urbain dans la formation et la structuration des groupes armés de l’Est du Congo demeure encore peu questionné. Cet article vient combler cette lacune. Il analyse l’engagement direct et indirect des citadins d’Uvira, une petite ville du Sud-Kivu, dans les groupes armés locaux de la région, souvent considérés comme opérant depuis les maquis ruraux. L’article s’appuie sur des données diverses : entretiens avec les acteurs, observations sur les lieux d’exercice des groupes armés, documents écrits, sources de presse ainsi que les réseaux sociaux. Il montre que l’engagement ex situ, c’est-à-dire l’engagement en ville, à distance du maquis rural, joue un rôle très important pour la survie des groupes armés : extension des réseaux, mobilisations des ressources et légitimation de l’entreprise guerrière par des actions légales et symboliques.
Échelles et variations des couleurs des champs
Authors: Husson Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2024

Ce propos relève d’une réflexion personnelle, sensible, voire poétique. Il aborde ce sujet par une sorte de géographie traversière, voire d’égo-géographie des paysages nourriciers. Leur diversité est renouvelée par la fugacité et les variations des couleurs en fonction des itinéraires techniques. L’abord retenu diffère donc d’un cadrage méthodologique déjà exploré par ailleurs. Tons et couleurs relèvent principalement du travail des paysans, des stratégies arrêtées pour appliquer des rotations dans les trains de cultures. Les couleurs sont surtout le reflet de temporalités pressées. Elles sont trop souvent simplifiées, tracées en grosses mailles. L’échelle des terroirs, des mosaïques fines, a longtemps servi de référence aux paysages ruraux européens, mais s’étiole alors que sont réclamées de solides trames vertes et bleues (TVB). La couleur entre dans les critères d’évaluation d’agrosystèmes capables de résilience, d’adaptation et de projections inventives pour envisager l’avenir. Nous constatons une distorsion entre, d’une part, la réalité agro-rurale inquiète, voire très en colère, la contrainte imposée de devoir nourrir environ 9 milliards d’hommes et d’autre part les envies de campagnes locales exprimées par nos concitoyens.
Impact of effective leadership style on school performance: with reference to Central Colleges in the Western Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Lalitha S. , Kularathna E. Achini Indrachapa , Kumarasinghe I. D. C. D.
Published: July 2024

The primary goal of any school is to improve the academic performance of students, which in turn leads to higher performance by school children and the school as well. Research has proved that school leaders can make a difference in school and student performance. Thus, the leadership style and the role of principals are crucial in directing their schools towards better performance. Central Colleges in Sri Lanka as secondary and collegiate levels of schools have shown higher performances in the past, but there is evidence that the performances of the Central Colleges are declining at present. Having explored the meaning of school performances, this study identifies characteristics of effective leadership and examines the impact of the effective leadership style on the school performance of Central Colleges in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Based on quantitative research methods, primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 357 teachers using a random sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Based on the analysis five characteristics of effective leadership were identified explaining 81.4% variance in school performance and these characteristics significantly and positively affect school performance. Thus, school performances could be improved if principals are inclusive, innovative, resourceful, and thoughtful of others, encourage their teachers to get the best results, and create a stimulating environment for improving performance as there is a lack of research specifically, exploring the qualities of effective leadership style, this study filled an apparent knowledge gaps in prior research concerning effective leadership characteristics with empirical data.
Hypomagnesemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and chronic normocytic normochromic anemia: random association? An unresolved case report of an elderly patient with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome
Authors: Turrin Mauro , Fornasiero Lucia , Abaterusso Cataldo
Published: July 2024

This is the clinical case of an elderly man suffering from stabilized polypathology, affected by remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome following anti-COVID vaccines, with evidence of persistent hypomagnesemia, coexisting chronic hypogammaglobulinemia and normochromic normocytic anemia. Although we investigated potential links between these conditions, the case remains partially unresolved.
The colonisation of the Southern Tswana 1870-1900
Authors: Snyman P.H.R.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Johannesburg verwerp sy eerste polisiehoof
Authors: Nöthling F.J.
Published: July 2024

In 1887 the government of the Transvaal Republic appointed its first police chief for Johannesburg. The choice fell upon A.J.G. de la Rey whose services to the state during the Stellaland disturbances made him, according to the government, the most suitable person to maintain law and order in a developing community like Johannesburg. The people of this new town, however, found De la Rey unacceptable because he was allegedly guilty of criminal acts resulting from violent tendencies in his character. The withdrawal of his appointment as head of the police, for the sake of peace in the Golden City, was therefore beneficial to all those concerned.
Economic history of South Africa
Authors: Munro K.A.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Protamine and Heparin Interactions: A Narrative Review
Authors: Crivellari Martina , Landoni Giovanni , D’Andria Ursoleo Jacopo , Ferrante Luca , Oriani Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Protamine, first isolated from salmon fish sperm and now produced through recombinant biotechnology, is an antidote that neutralizes the anticoagulant properties of heparin. Protamine function is based on the capacity to dissociate the heparin–antithrombin III (AT III) complex (an important link that promotes blood fluidification by inhibiting coagulation), forming the inactive heparin–protamine complex. Protamine has itself dose-dependent anticoagulant properties: It interferes with coagulation factors and platelet function; it stimulates fibrinolysis; it can lead to thrombocytopenia and reduction in thrombin-related platelet aggregation; it decreases platelet response to thrombin receptor agonist in a dose-dependent manner. In this review, we will focus on protamine and its interaction with heparin. Notably, protamine is able to antagonize not only unfractionated heparin (UFH) but also low molecular weight heparins to various degrees. Protamine-allergic and anaphylactoid systemic reactions may affect up to 1 in 10 people and should be prevented and treated early.
A Rare Case of Early-Onset Postpneumonectomy Syndrome After Right Pneumonectomy in Patient with Small Cell Carcinoma Right Lung
Authors: Soni Richa , Mandal Banashree , Negi Sunder L. , Singh Harkant , Mandal Meenakshi , Singh Nehal
Published: July 2024

Postpneumonectomy syndrome (PPS) is a rare, life-threatening complication characterized by dynamic airway obstruction due to mediastinal rotation at any time point following pneumonectomy. This can produce life-threatening respiratory and cardiovascular complications. We report a case who developed PPS following right pneumonectomy in a 55-year-old female patient with small cell carcinoma (SCC) right lung.
Characteristic Phenotypes of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients in a Single Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia and the Effectiveness of the Treatment: A Retrospective Record Review
Authors: Basahl Emtenan , Alswealh Maab , Bahawi Yara , Aloufi Faisal , Nashawi Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Objective:

This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and outcomes of individuals diagnosed with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) at a single tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study conducted in a single tertiary center at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and outcomes from patients with sJIA between January 2012 and December 2022 and diagnosed before the age of 14 years were collected at diagnosis, at 3 months, and at 12 months intervals.

Results:

Out of 21 patients, 52% were female, with an average age at diagnosis of 6 years. The majority (73%) presented with fever, arthritis, and rash. Initial treatment involved steroids (59%), methotrexate (24%), and tocilizumab. Three months posttreatment, 73% showed improvement, and five patients had active disease. After 1 year, 5 out of 15 patients persisted with symptoms, necessitating additional treatments. The average follow-up duration was 50 months, with 73% achieving remission, but one patient died due to an allergic reaction to tocilizumab.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the heterogeneity of sJIA at presentations. The disparities in treatment reflect evolving guidelines and medications availability. The study emphasizes the importance of a national registry as well as the development of local recommendations.
Comparative study of conventional exfoliative cytology and centrifuged liquid-based cytology in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Jayabalan R. , Murugesan Ambika , Balakrishnan Sekar , Ramesh Maya
Published: July 2024

Background:

This study aims to compare the efficacy between conventional exfoliative cytology (EC) and centrifuged liquid-based cytology (CLBC) in control, leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Oral leukoplakia and oral cancer require an early definitive diagnosis for better prognostic outcome. Oral EC, a minimally invasive technique that involves the examination of desquamated cells from the tissue surfaces used as a method of early diagnosis. CLBC is a modified technique that is used to achieve improved quality of the cytology findings.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative study was done in 30 subjects, of which, 10 cases from control group, 10 oral leukoplakia, and 10 OSCC cases. These subjects were selected according to the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cases in each group underwent conventional as well as CLBC. The comparison was carried out between these groups with respect to the cellular and background stromal factors. Appropriate qualitative evaluation of the samples was collected and statistical analysis was done using the Chi-squared test. The significance level of value was P < 0.05.

Results:

Significant results were obtained for certain parameters such as cellular overlap clear background, uniform distribution in control, leukoplakia, and OSCC with a P = 0.004**, P = 0.001**, P = 0.006** using CLBC.

Conclusion:

CLBC is better and give clearer vision as compared to conventional cytology and can be used in the early diagnosis.
Is Physical Activity Related to Depression and Anxiety among Adults? Observations from a Noncommunicable Disease Screening Clinic in North India
Authors: Verma Madhur , Kaur Amandeep , Upneja Ankush , Dhoat Preeti , Aneja Jitender , Kakkar Rakesh
Published: July 2024

Background:

Physical activity (PA) offers innumerable benefits and is a promising intervention against common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. We examined the association between PA and depression or anxiety in adults.

Materials and Methods:

A study was conducted between March 2021 and August 2022 using a cross-sectional study design. We recruited 334 participants >40 years of age from the noncommunicable disease (NCD) screening clinic of a tertiary care institute in North India. Health-enhancing PA (HEPA) was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while depression and anxiety were screened using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scales. Bivariate and univariate analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 to depict our results.

Results:

Engagement in HEPA was 23.4%. The HEPA depicted significant socioeconomic disparities. The mean total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were considerably higher in the HEPA active group, despite having lower GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scale scores. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 59.0% and 13.4%. PA depicted better odds against depression but not against anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions:

Low HEPA engagement in adults is a matter of concern, and it is high time we look beyond NCDs toward the risk factors. It is essential to incorporate PA counseling universally and not be restricted to a particular clinical department to realize its full potential in restraining the growing NCD burden.
Climate Change Influence on Health Domains, a Public Perception from a District in South India – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: George Neethu , Mahendran Pavithra , Rajkumar Vijayalakshmi L. , Vivekanandan Vijaya S. , Thangavel Vidhya , Elangovan Vijayakumar , Palanisamy Yashwanth , Poomalai Yogapriya , Puvaneswaran Divya
Published: July 2024

Background:

The effects of climate change have been evident throughout all domains of health such as physical, social, environmental, and mental. However, the lack of perception made it a grey topic among the public. The aim of the study was to determine the perception of climate change on physical, environmental, and mental domains of health and to find the association between the physical, environmental, and mental effects of climate change and its basic characteristics.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design among the general population above 30 years in the field practice area [urban and rural] of tertiary care hospital Perambalur for a period of three months. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and the interviewer method, which includes sociodemographic characteristics along with questions on the perception of climate change effects on mental, physical, and environmental aspects. The regression models were used to analyze the odds of perception among the subjects with respect to the various domains of characteristics.

Results:

The study included 877 participants, where the majority of subjects perceived the effects of climate change on physical, mental, and environmental domains of health. The odds of having a higher perception were significant in regression analysis among people with higher/school education, agriculture occupation, and rural residence (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Most of the study participants had an increased perception of climate change effects, making the subjects better candidates to impart adaptive strategies. Community-based programs have to be promoted to develop better comprehension and factual perception of climate change.
Respectful Maternity Care during Childbirth among Women in a Rural Area of Northern India
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Singh Tejbeer , Kalaivani Mani , Yadav Kapil , Gupta Sanjeev K. , Kant Shashi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Respectful maternity care (RMC) is increasingly being accepted as an essential element for health systems. Every childbearing woman has a right to get dignified and respectful healthcare. Initial research has highlighted that disrespect and abuse are widespread, however, there is a paucity of quantitative evidence.

Materials and Methods:

In this community-based cross-sectional study, among 485 participants, conducted in 28 villages of Northern India, we ascertained the experience of RMC during childbirth by using the person-centered maternity care (PCMC) scale.

Results:

The majority (88.7%) of women experienced RMC. The domain with the lowest score was communication and autonomy (62.9%), followed by supportive care (76.1%). Self-introduction by health providers, the position of choice during delivery, relief from pain, and availability of preferred companions during delivery were the deficient areas. Women who gave birth in private health facilities were more likely to receive RMC than those who gave birth in government facilities, while those belonging to marginalized social groups had lesser odds of receiving RMC as compared to other women.

Conclusion:

Communication skills should be promoted to maternity care providers. Self-introduction by healthcare providers and choice of position during delivery are the deficient areas, which should be focused upon.
Associations between cognitive disengagement syndrome, Internet addiction, and Internet gaming disorder among medical students – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Murugan Yogesh , Thakkar Dipen , Ram Rohitkumar , Dhanapal Kadalarsau
Published: July 2024

Background:

Internet addiction (IA) and gaming disorder (IGD) are emerging public health concerns among youth. Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT)/cognitive disengagement syndrome has been linked with risky online behaviors, but the literature on medical students is limited.

Aim:

To determine associations between SCT, IA, and IGD in Indian medical undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 303 medical students (ages: 18–24, 66% male). The Sociodemographic Information Form, Barkley SCT Scale, Young Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, and The Digital Game Addiction Scale were utilized to collect data. Contingency Table analyses, Mann–Whitey U-test, Chi-square test, and correlation analyses were used for analysis.

Results:

The prevalence of IA and IGD was 101 (33.3%) and 61 (20%), respectively. Students with IA or IGD had significantly higher SCT, daydreaming, and sluggishness scores (P < 0.01). SCT, daydreaming, and sluggishness showed significant positive correlations with IA and IGD severity (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Greater SCT symptoms demonstrated significant associations with increased risk of IA and IGD among medical students. Screening for SCT alongside IA and IGD may enable targeted interventions to promote healthy Internet use.
Assessing Health-related Quality of Life in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease in Indonesia: A Single Tertiary Hospital Study
Authors: Palupi-Baroto Retno , Indraswari Braghmandita W. , Mulyadi Asal Wahyuni Erlin , Rusdhy Siti N. , Prabowo Kharisma N. , Hermawan Kristia
Published: July 2024

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important patient-reported outcome. However, HRQOL research in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in developing countries is limited. This cross-sectional study involved children with CKD who attended Dr. Sardjito General Hospital between January 2017 and September 2018. In total, 82 child-parent pairs were enrolled. Total HRQOL scores were significantly lower in children with Stages 3a–5 CKD than in children with Stages 1–2 CKD in the child (69.89 vs. 82.12, P = 0.004) and parent questionnaires (72.26 vs. 81.20, P = 0.02). The scores for the physical, school, and social function domains were significantly decreased. This study showed that children with Stages 3a–5 CKD had significantly lower HRQOL scores compared with children in the Stages 1–2 CKD group. Multidisciplinary teams can provide patient-centered and comprehensive management to optimize HRQOL scores during childhood and in future adult life.
Microalbuminuria and Its Correlation with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-sectional Study in a Rural Area of Central India
Authors: Hepat Sanyukta , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Wanjari Anil , Bawankule Shilpa , Agrawal Sachin , Varma Anuj , Wadekar Abhijit , Bawiskar Nipun , Dronamraju Sameera
Published: July 2024

Microalbuminuria is a well-established, strong, and independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Patients with microalbuminuria are also said to have a higher atherosclerotic load in the form of multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) than those who do not. In this study, we tried to correlate microalbuminuria with the severity of CAD. In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with CAD diagnosed on the basis of coronary angiography were enrolled from August 2019 to August 2021. Triple-vessel CAD was observed in 79.4% of cases with the presence of microalbuminuria compared with 3% of cases without microalbuminuria. The association of microalbuminuria with the severity of disease was statistically significant (P <0.01). A significant correlation was observed between microalbuminuria and the Framingham risk score in cases of CAD (P <0.01), which was a measure of the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease.
Profile of newly referred glaucoma patients to the largest tertiary eye care hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jomar Deema E. , Alhomoud Abdulrahman , Alobaida Ibrahim , Alsobaie Nasser , Helmi Hala , Ahmad Khabir , Owaidhah Ohoud , Schargel Konrad
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:

To report the profile of newly referred glaucoma patients to the largest Tertiary Eye Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:

Medical records of all Saudi Nationals who presented with glaucoma to the Glaucoma Clinicsat King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) as a first visit through the Eligibility Department, Screening Clinic, or Emergency Department between March 2019 and August 2019 were reviewed. Patients underwent a comprehensive glaucoma workup and a detailed documentation of their demographics, clinical examination findings, type, and stage of glaucoma at presentation along with previous and offered management. On presentation, the stage of glaucoma was compared between eyes with primary glaucoma including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and eyes with Secondary glaucoma.

RESULTS:

A total of 532 patients were newly presented to KKESH during the study. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 63 (17) years, 47.9% of the patients were female. The majority of referred cases came from Riyadh (46.6%), Najran (9.8%), and AlQassim (9.4%) provinces. PACG was the most predominant form of glaucoma (30.5%), followed by POAG. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and neovascular glaucoma were the most common subtypes among secondary glaucoma. Two out of every five eyes presenting with glaucoma (41.5%) had severe disease.

CONCLUSION:

In this tertiary setting, PACG was the most commonly encountered glaucoma. A significant proportion of the patients, particularly those with POAG presented with an advanced disease. To limit the irreversible visual loss and socioeconomic burden of glaucoma, a large community-based study is required to look into the epidemiology of glaucoma among all Saudi provinces followed by the implementation of a national screening and intervention program.
Double Veronese cones with 28 nodes
Authors: Abban Hamid , Cheltsov Ivan , Park Jihun , Shramov Constantin
Published: July 2024

We study nodal del Pezzo

3

-folds of degree

1

(also known as double Veronese cones) with 

28

singularities, which is the maximal possible number of singularities for such varieties. We show that they are in one-to-one correspondence with smooth plane quartics and use this correspondence to study their automorphism groups. As an application, we find all

G

-birationally rigid varieties of this kind, and construct an infinite number of non-conjugate embeddings of the group

\mathfrak{S}_{4}

into the space Cremona group.
Los Trusted Media en YouTube: volumen y visibilidad de los medios públicos en los resultados de búsqueda
Authors: Padilla Adrián , Coromina Òscar , Prado Emili
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir el tratamiento que reciben los contenidos informativos procedentes de medios públicos en los resultados de búsqueda de YouTube. Metodología: Para ello, haciendo uso de la API de la plataforma, se han extraído los resultados de búsqueda para un conjunto de 4 palabras clave a lo largo de 60 días. Resultados: El análisis indica que los medios públicos son minoría (el 3,70%) entre los canales que aparecen en el buscador, y no obtienen mejores posiciones en el ranking de resultados de búsqueda. Sin embargo, el algoritmo selecciona proporcionalmente más contenido de medios públicos que del resto de fuentes, lo que causa una sobrerrepresentación de este tipo de medios. Los contenidos publicados por medios públicos también reaparecen en más ocasiones entre los resultados de búsqueda y perduran más tiempo. Los medios privados también se ven ligeramente beneficiados, en detrimento de los canales nativos y otras fuentes, que se ven infrarrepresentadas en el buscador. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que YouTube favorece selectivamente los medios de comunicación en los resultados de búsqueda, especialmente los públicos, seleccionando más contenido de ellos, lo que evidencia un proceso de curación y moderación de los contenidos en el buscador que persigue limitar la aparición de desinformación. Con esto, YouTube estaría tratando de desviar la atención de las audiencias hacia fuentes seguras en contextos donde existe desinformación, lo que implica invisibilizar otras fuentes y no aplicar una censura directa a los contenidos potencialmente dañinos.
Hardware Protected Security Environment - Application Programming Interface Analysis - Information Report
Authors:   Vehicle Electrical System Security Committee
Published: July 2024

To gain an understanding of the software Application Programming Interface (API) landscape for SAE J3101 [SAEJ3101] devices, the SAE Vehicle Electrical Hardware Security Task Force conducted an analysis of various automotive-relevant crypto APIs. The purpose of this analysis was to identify how well the existing APIs cover the SAE J3101 requirements and to highlight the areas of coverage within these APIs. By examining these APIs, the Task Force aimed to gain insights into the current state of API support for SAE J3101 devices and identify any gaps in coverage that need to be addressed.