bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in newborns: A novel approach with a supraclavicular view for tip navigation and tip location
Authors: Spagnuolo Ferdinando , Vacchiano Teresa
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

Central vascular catheters (CVCs) are frequently used in newborns in NICU. Ultrasound (US) guided supraclavicular venipuncture of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is usually performed with a 12 MHz linear probe and then a catheter tip location is verified with an 8 MHz micro-convex probe or intracavitary ECG (IC-ECG). We explored the feasibility of an US guided puncture using a 7 MHz sector probe, positioned on the clavicular sternal joint. We also explored the opportunity of performing it with a probe tilting tip navigation and tip location.

Design:

This is a monocentric retrospective observational study made in the neonatal intensive care unit L. Vanvitelli University Hospital of Naples, Italy.

Patients:

Forty newborns in NICU scheduled for an ultrasound guided CVC.

Interventions:

US guided brachiocephalic vein catheterization. We used A long axis in plane supraclavicular approach to the BCV for real time puncture, for tip navigation and tip location, using a 7 MHz sector transducer. We executed an ultrasound pre-scan of the Y-shape (right and left BCV, superior vena cava (SVC)) and of the right pulmonary artery (RPA), and then we performed a guided sterile puncture on middle third of supraclavicular fossa next to clavicular sternal joint with a 7 MHz. We used the same probe for tip navigation by this supraclavicular short axis of ascending aorta view. Tip location was confirmed with the ultrasound and IC-ECG.

Results:

In all infants the ultrasound tip navigation and tip location were successful and were confirmed by IC-ECG. No misplacement, arterial puncture or pneumothorax occurred.

Conclusions:

The supraclavicular view performed with a 7 MHz sector probe has proved to be completely safe and to be a method with 100% feasibility.
Tunneling technique of PICCs and Midline catheters
Authors: Giustivi Davide , Gidaro Antonio , Baroni Monica , Paglia Stefano
Published: March 2021

Background:

The tunneling technique is currently widely used for placement of CVC. Recently, some clinicians have used this technique for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC), or Midline catheters (MCs).

Objective:

To describe a safe antegrade tunneling technique for PICCs and MCs insertion with a blunt tunneler.

Methods:

This retrospective monocentric survey collected ASST Lodi hospital data from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. The indication for PICCs and MCs tunneled implant was to respect the correct vein/catheter ratio or special clinical situation (children, burns, wounds, and wider catheter 5/6 fr). Contraindications included the operator’s low skills and severe risk of bleeding (INR > 3; Platelet count <50’000).

Results:

About 390 PICCs (327 4 fr and 63 5 fr) and 183 MCs were placed. One hundred and sixty-five PICCs (42%) and 110 MCs (60%) were tunneled. Five fr PICCs were more present among tunneled catheters (54/165 [32.7%] vs 9/225 [4%] p < 0.0001). In the majority tunneling was necessary to respect the correct catheter/vein ratio. The exit site was shifted only for four special clinical situations: skin infections (one PICC and two MCs); burns (one MC). No early complication (intraprocedural, major bleeding), catheter related thrombosis, or device fractures occurred. Two catheter-related bloodstream infections (one PICC, one MC), nine dislocations (four PICCs, five MCs), one MC occlusion were recorded.

Conclusions:

The antegrade tunneling technique with blunt tunneler of PICCs and MCs is simple, rapid and is regarded as a safe maneuver. More in-depth and future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the impact of tunneling on early and late complications.
Management of Systemic Sclerosis Patients in the COVID-19 Era: The Experience of an Expert Specialist Reference Center
Authors: Spinella Amelia , Magnani Luca , De Pinto Marco , Marvisi Chiara , Parenti Luca , Bajocchi Gianluigi , Salvarani Carlo , Mascia Maria Teresa , Giuggioli Dilia
Published: March 2021

Objective:

COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious health emergency that severely compromised our Public Health system, resulting in a rapid and forced reorganization and involved the management of chronic diseases too. The Scleroderma Unit of Modena and Reggio Emilia follows more than 600 patients suffering from systemic sclerosis (SSc) and recently became the referral center (HUB) in Emilia-Romagna for this rare connective tissue disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent by which the lockdown and the pandemic has impacted the activity of admissions to Scleroderma Unit of Modena and Reggio Emilia.

Methods:

Our daily clinical activity is characterized by outpatient visits, videocapillaroscopy exam, ulcers treatment, therapeutic infusions in day hospital regimen, multidisciplinary visits following our dedicated SSc care pathway, and clinical trials. Our activity has been quickly rescheduled to ensure the proper assistance to our SSc patients during the COVID-19 pressure.

Results:

The use of telemedicine has certainly assured a robust continuity of health care. Furthermore, telephone pre-triage, nurse/medical triage, proper physical distancing and use of PPE/DPI allowed us to re-organize and continue SSc daily activity. Specifically, therapeutic infusions in day hospital regimen and outpatient visits, including ulcers treatment, was guaranteed and maximized.

Conclusion:

The management of scleroderma patients by an expert specialist reference center is crucial in order to ensure continuity of care and pursue the best SSc practice.
Critical Heritage “From Below”: (E)valu(at)ing Informal War Pasts in Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Muzaini Hamzah
Published: March 2021

This article concerns how heritage pertaining to the Second World War (1941–1945), as this has been made manifest in the urban environments of Perak, Malaysia, is (de)valued and (mis) assessed over multiple scales within the state. After foregrounding the biases associated with official depictions of the event, it excavates the ways informal actors have sought to overturn the collective amnesia of the state by creating heritages “in the shadows” and/or pushing for public recognition of formally occluded pasts. In doing so, the article argues for the salience of academics and policymakers alike, taking more seriously these non-state efforts, while also evidencing informal heritage-making as itself prone to limits and (not always altruistic) motives, which render their valuation as incomplete as formal efforts at remembering. More broadly, the article argues for the need to pay more attention to heritage-making “from below” in valuations of urban environments, but it cautions against treating them as more than what they are, that is, pasts as presenced by someone else.
Against the current: Cultural psychology and culture change management
Authors: Graamans Ernst , ten Have Wouter , ten Have Steven
Published: March 2021

Since the 1980s, psychologists and management scholars have contributed significantly to the popularity of the idea of culture in organizations. A common and tenacious pitfall surrounding this idea, at times pointed out by these scholars themselves, is that culture is too often hypostatized and superimposed upon people. In doing so, this can have harmful consequences for employees at every level of organization. In this article, we reiterate this critique, challenge familiar managerial notions used to address “shared” behavior among employees, and answer to an old but neglected call to bring back real people to the forefront of our analyses. Based upon our adaptation of the enactive approach to the social tuning of behavior developed by Paul Voestermans and Theo Verheggen—made applicable in empirical studies on culture change conducted by the first author of this article—and inspired by principles of Gestalt, we propose a novel heuristic model to address organizational culture change. We attempt to do so both from an analytical and interventionist standpoint, while avoiding attributing causality to the idea of culture.
Oxidation issues during heat treatment and effect on the tribo-mechanical performance of electroless Ni-P–Cu deposits
Authors: Biswas Abhijit , Das Suman Kalyan , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: March 2021

The present work attempts to study the issues associated with heat treatment of electroless Ni–P–Cu coatings particularly with respect to oxidation and observe their impact on the hardness (micro- and nano-indentation), friction, and wear behavior of the coatings. Electroless Ni–P–Cu coating is deposited on low carbon steel substrates and subjected to heat treatment at temperatures ranging between 400°C and 800°C and for durations of 1 h and 4 h. Additionally, scratch tests are conducted on the coatings to evaluate their abrasion resistance as well as observe the influence of heat treatment conditions on the adhesion of the coatings. The changes in the microstructure of the coatings are suitably captured with various characterization tools, namely, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It is seen that above a heat treatment temperature of 450°C, oxidation of the coating is prominent. Moreover, diffusion of iron from the substrate leads to the formation of intermetallic compounds. The coating performs well when heat-treated around 400°C–450°C. Above 600°C, the performance of the coating degrades with unnecessary oxide formation and other associated phenomena, namely, grain coarsening, flaking, and so on.
Emotional risk assessments in the field: Leaving Tanzania during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kuiper Gerda
Published: March 2021

This article provides a narrative account of one anthropologist's experiences in the field at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The account is based on the researcher's field diary and digital communication, supplemented by online news reports from the period March to May 2020. The researcher's emotional assessments of the risks that COVID-19 posed to herself and others around her stood in sharp contrast to the way her interlocutors in the field responded to the virus. The article makes a case for the empirical value of a researcher's emotions, especially in moments of confusion and feelings of disconnection, in order to understand varying risk perceptions. This article moreover draws attention to the experiences of people living outside the initial epicentres of the pandemic. Many Tanzanians perceived COVID-19 as just one risk among many in their already uncertain daily lives.
Prevalence of potential respiratory symptoms in survivors of hospital admission after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cares-Marambio Kevin , Montenegro-Jiménez Yessenia , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Vera-Uribe Roberto , Torralba Yolanda , Alsina-Restoy Xavier , Vasconcello-Castillo Luis , Vilaró Jordi
Published: March 2021

Knowledge on the sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains limited due to the relatively recent onset of this pathology. However, the literature on other types of coronavirus infections prior to COVID-19 reports that patients may experience persistent symptoms after discharge. To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in survivors of hospital admission after COVID-19 infection. A living systematic review of five databases was performed in order to identify studies which reported the persistence of respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients after discharge. Two independent researchers reviewed and analysed the available literature, and then extracted and assessed the quality of those articles. Of the 1,154 reports returned by the initial search nine articles were found, in which 1,816 patients were included in the data synthesis. In the pooled analysis, we found a prevalence of 0.52 (CI 0.38–0.66, p < 0.01, I 2 = 97%), 0.37 (CI 0.28–0.48, p < 0.01, I 2 = 93%), 0.16 (CI 0.10–0.23, p < 0.01, I 2 = 90%) and 0.14 (CI 0.06–0.24, p < 0.01, I 2 = 96%) for fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, and cough, respectively. Fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, and cough were the most prevalent respiratory symptoms found in 52%, 37%, 16% and 14% of patients between 3 weeks and 3 months, after discharge in survivors of hospital admission by COVID-19, respectively.
Donor Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Is Associated With Liver Allograft Discard and Failure
Authors: Zhang Theodore , Hickner Brian , Cotton Ronald , Nguyen Galvan Nhu Thao , Vierling John M , O’Mahony Christine , Goss John A , Rana Abbas
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The disparity between the number of individuals on the wait list and available liver allografts creates the need for a system that maximizes donor liver utilization and predicts graft failure.

Research Question:

This study aimed to determine the relationship between donor Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), liver discard, and graft failure.

Design:

Through multivariate analysis from 53 966 deceased liver donors, we adjusted for donor clinical and demographic characteristics and compared donor GGT with allograft discard. We compared donor GGT ranges with graft failure and analyzed data from 47 269 liver recipients.

Results:

After adjusting for other factors, donor GGT was significantly associated with liver discard, with GGT over 200 U/L being most significant (OR 2.74, CI 2.51-2.99). Donor GGT under 20 U/L was also found to be a protective factor for post-transplant graft failure (HR 0.91, CI 0.83 – 1.00).

Conclusion:

Going forward, GGT should be included among other characteristics associated with allograft discard considered during the procurement process.
A Cotherapy Supervision Approach using Person-Centered Theory with a Gender Fluid Client
Authors: Knutson Douglas , Koch Julie M.
Published: March 2021

The authors discuss their work with a young adult client who identified as gender fluid. The client was a college student in a rural, mid-south town. The authors are two faculty members who worked with the client for a period of 2 years using a cotherapy supervision approach. The counseling approach was affirmative and person-centered. By keeping a focus on the exploration of gender foremost, the clinicians saw an abatement of other symptoms (depression, suicidality, self-harm, disordered eating, low self-confidence, emotion dysregulation, dissociation, and so on) and an improvement in wellness (relationships, emotion regulation, self-concept, assertiveness, appropriate boundary-setting, and so on) over time. The authors offer specific interventions such as collaborative letter writing and the creation of a transition roadmap. They also highlight the advantages and utility of a collaborative, person-centered, consent-based, affirmative approach to therapy with rural transgender and nonbinary clients with complex presenting concerns.
Differential Effects of Wedelia chinensis on Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells
Authors: Chen Li-Jeng , Hsu Tsai-Ching , Yeh Pei-Jung , Yow Jia Le , Chang Chia-Ling , Lin Cheng-Hui , Tzang Bor-Show
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, and its diffuse nature makes resection of it difficult. Moreover, even with the administration of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, prolonged remission is often not achieved. Hence, innovative or alternative treatments for GBM are urgently required. Traditional Chinese herbs and their functional components have long been used in the treatment of various cancers, including GBM. The current study investigated the antitumor activity of Wedelia chinensis and its major functional components, luteolin and apigenin, on GBM.

Materials and Methods:

MTT assay, Transwell migration assay, and flow cytometry analysis were adopted to assess the cell viability, invasive capability, and cell cycle. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of apoptotic and autophagy-related signaling molecules.

Results:

The W. chinensis extract (WCE) significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasive ability of both GBM8401 and U-87MG cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, differential effects of WCE on GBM8401 and U-87MG cells were observed: WCE induced apoptosis in GBM8401 cells and autophagy in U-87MG cells. Notably, WCE had significant effects in reducing the cell survival and invasive capability of both GBM8401 and U-87MG cells than the combination of luteolin and apigenin.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these findings indicate the potential of using WCE and the combination of luteolin and apigenin for GBM treatment. However, further investigations are warranted before considering recommending the clinical use of WCE or the combination of luteolin and apigenin as the standard for GBM treatment.
Electroencephalographic Evaluation in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Melo Géssika Araújo , Madruga Marcela Laís Lima Holmes , Torro Nelson
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The evaluation of individuals with fibromyalgia is challenging. Electroencephalography is a promising resource for identifying physiological biomarkers in fibromyalgia, contributing to its diagnosis. Objective. To review studies involving the use of electroencephalography to evaluate individuals with fibromyalgia. Method. A systematic review of studies published in the PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases from 2001 to 2020 was conducted. The keywords used were electroencephalogram, electroencephalography, and fibromyalgia. The database search complied with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Results. A total of 136 articles were identified after a database search using the keywords “fibromyalgia” AND “electroencephalography”, and 131 articles were found using the keywords “fibromyalgia” AND “electroencephalogram” (EEG). In the end, 20 articles remained after applying the exclusion criteria. The data was organized into subcategories related to the form of use, protocols, electroencephalographic findings in patients with fibromyalgia, and the EEG analysis method. Conclusion. Electroencephalography is a promising method for identifying and characterizing biomarkers for fibromyalgia.
Quantitative Electroencephalography Findings in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Öksüz Özden , Günver Mehmet Güven , Arıkan Mehmet Kemal
Published: March 2021

Objective. Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes structural central nervous system (CNS) impairment, and this situation can be detected by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) findings before cognitive impairment is clinically observed. The main aim of this study is to uncover the effect of DM on brain function. Since QEEG reflects the CNS functioning, particularly in cognitive aspects, we expected electrophysiological clues to be found for prevention and follow-up in DM-related cognitive decline. Since a majority of the psychiatric population have cognitive dysfunction, we have given particular attention to those people. It was stated that a decrease was observed in the posterior cortical alpha power due to the hippocampal atrophy by several previous studies and we hypothesize that decreased alpha power will be observed also in DM. Methods. This study included 2094 psychiatric patients, 207 of whom were diagnosed with DM and 1887 of whom were not diagnosed with DM, and QEEG recordings were performed. Eyes-closed electroencephalography data were segmented into consecutive 2 s epochs. Fourier analysis was performed by averaging across 2 s epochs without artifacts. The absolute alpha power in the occipital regions (O1 and O2) of patients with and without DM was compared. Results. In the DM group, a decrease in the absolute alpha, alpha 1, and alpha 2 power in O1 and O2 was observed in comparison with the control group. It was determined that the type of psychiatric diagnosis did not affect QEEG findings. Conclusion. The decrease in absolute alpha power observed in patients diagnosed with DM may be related to the CNS impairment in DM. QEEG findings in DM can be useful while monitoring the CNS impairment, diagnosing DM-related dementia, in the follow-up of the cognitive process, constructing the protocols for electrophysiological interventions like neurofeedback and transcranial magnetic stimulation and monitoring the response to treatment.
Developing Quality and Efficiency of Institutional Review Board Review Under a Human Research Protection Program at a Leading Hospital in Central Southern China: A Descriptive Analysis of the First Three Years
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Hahne Jessica , Li Lun , Khoshnood Kaveh , Yang Guoping , Yuan Hong , Liu Xing
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the Institutional Review Board (IRB) quality and efficiency at a leading hospital in Central Southern China, under the first three years of a Human Research Protection Program (HRPP). We conducted a descriptive, retrospective analysis from 2015 through 2017. We extracted characteristics from the protocol archive in duplicate. Of 396 protocols submitted, 98% were approved. Mean protocol review time decreased from 23 to 15 calendar days, 344 serious adverse events SAEs were reviewed, and 93 conflicts of interest (COIs) were disclosed. IRB quality and efficiency mechanisms improved. Remaining needs include increased monitoring of COIs and unanticipated problem involving risks to subjects or others, distinctions between research types, and cooperation with specialized committees.
Combining goal setting and achievement with occupational therapy to improve pain, psychological factors and physical activity in patients after high tibial osteotomy: A non-randomized controlled study
Authors: Hiraga Yuki , Hisano Shinya , Hara Ryusei , Nomiyama Katsuhiro , Hirakawa Yoshiyuki , Hida Katsuko
Published: March 2021

Background

Psychological factors contribute to chronic pain and may lead to physical inactivity and poor functional outcomes.

Purpose

We conducted a non-randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of goal setting and achievement following occupational therapy (OT) intervention to improve pain, psychological factors, and physical activity among patients after high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Method

We analyzed the data of 31 patients who underwent HTO, allocated into OT intervention and control groups. Goal achievement was encouraged through OT in the intervention groups; the control groups did not receive OT intervention. Outcome measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) score (before and after the OT intervention), walking pain, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, pain self-efficacy, and physical activity level.

Results

OT significantly improved the COPM score, depression, and physical activity. At the final assessment, the depression score was lower while the step count and physical activity time were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Embedding goal setting and achievement as part of an OT intervention improved the outcomes after HTO.
An examination of the psychometric properties of the occupational identity questionnaire for community-living elderly who require care
Authors: Shikata Masataka , Notoh Hiroyuki , Shinohara Kazuya , Yabuwaki Kenji , Ishii Yoshikazu , Yamada Takashi , Taylor Renée R
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Authors created an Occupational Identity Questionnaire Provisional version (OIQ-P) to assess occupational identity for elderly individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the OIQ-P.

Methods

Participants included 135 (42 males) elderly who lived locally and required care or support. OIQ-P was evaluated in terms of structural validity, criterion validity and internal consistency.

Results

Based on the results of an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, an OIQ with a factor structure of 3 factors and 14 items was created. Rasch rating scale model revealed that 14 participants and 1 item did not fit the goodness of fit, nevertheless, the overall result was good. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient indicates that there was a law correlation between OIQ and the occupational identity scale of the Occupational Performance History Interview Version 2. In terms of internal consistency, the person separation index and person separation reliability coefficient were 2.30 and 0.84, respectively.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the structural validity, criterion validity and internal consistency for the OIQ. To enhance the clinical utility of the OIQ, it is necessary to examine the interpretability and conduct an intervention study using the OIQ.
Exploring Peer Support Services for Youth Experiencing Multiple Health and Social Challenges in Canada: A Hybrid Realist-Participatory Evaluation Model
Authors: Halsall Tanya , Daley Mardi , Hawke Lisa , Henderson Joanna
Published: March 2021

The Canadian youth services system is fragmented with less than one third of youth accessing the mental health services they need. Experts have called for systems transformation that will increase the integration of youth services and take advantage of complementary services, such as peer supports. Further, researchers have suggested that there is a need to identify the unique contribution and underlying mechanisms that support client recovery within youth peer support interventions. This paper describes the steps taken to implement a hybrid realist and participatory evaluation examining peer support services for youth (14–26 years old) with mental health, physical health and/or substance use challenges. We describe the procedures followed to engage peers in the design of the study and how this was integrated with a realist approach. We also provide a detailed description of the related adaptations to the methods applied within the second stage of the study. Lessons learned through the integration of the two methods are provided as well as potential implications for the findings and related research.
Can shear wave elastography be utilized as an additional tool for the assessment of non-mass breast lesions?
Authors: Sefidbakht Sepideh , Haseli Sara , Khalili Neda , Bazojoo Vahid , Keshavarz Pedram , Zeinali-Rafsanjani Banafsheh
Published: March 2021

Introduction

We aimed to describe shear wave elastography parameters of non-mass lesions of the breast and to assess the measures of diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography in the differentiation of non-mass lesions compared with conventional ultrasound, using histopathologic results as the reference standard.

Methods

This retrospective study included breast ultrasound-detected non-mass lesions with a confirmed pathologic diagnosis during a two-year study period. B-mode ultrasound and shear wave elastography were performed for all lesions before biopsy. Ultrasound features, shear wave elastography parameters (mean elasticity and maximum stiffness color), as well as Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System categories were recorded for each lesion. Measures of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and ultrasound + shear wave elastography were also assessed.

Results

From a total of 567 breast lesions requiring core-needle biopsy, 49 (8.6%) were considered as non-mass lesions. Based on histopathologic reports, 32 patients (65.3%) had non-high-risk benign lesions, five (10.2%) had high-risk benign lesions, five (10.2%) had ductal carcinoma in situ, and seven (14.3%) had invasive carcinoma. There was no significant difference in patients’ age and palpability between benign and malignant lesions ( p = 0.16 and p = 0.12, respectively). Mean elasticity values and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System categories were significantly higher among malignant lesions compared with benign non-mass lesions (both p < 0.001). Furthermore, the addition of shear wave elastography to grayscale ultrasound increased the specificity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion

The complementary use of shear wave elastography with conventional ultrasound might help in the differentiation of non-mass breast lesions and has the potential to decrease the frequency of unnecessary biopsies performed for benign non-mass lesions.
Contributions of social determinants of health to systolic blood pressure in United States adult immigrants: Use of path analysis to validate a conceptual framework
Authors: Dawson Aprill Z , Walker Rebekah J , Gregory Chris , Egede Leonard E
Published: March 2021

Objective

Validate a conceptual framework and identify pathways between antecedent (life-course socioeconomic status (L-SES)), predisposing (age, sex, married, homeless as a child), enabling (health literacy, acculturation), and need (disability) social determinants of health (SDoH) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in US immigrants.

Methods

181 immigrants were enrolled in the study. Path analysis was used to identify paths by which SDoH influence SBP and to determine if antecedents, predisposing, enabling, and need factors have direct and indirect relationships with SBP.

Results

The final model(chi2(5)=14.88, p = 0.011, RMSEA = 0.070, pclose = 0.17, CFI = 0.96) showed L-SES was directly associated with age (0.12, p = 0.019) and disability(0.17, p = 0.001); and indirectly associated with disability (0.29, p < 0.001) and SBP (0.31, p < 0.001). Age (0.31, p < 0.001) and sex(0.25, p < 0.001) were directly associated with SBP, and age was directly associated with disability (0.29, p < 0.001) and indirectly associated with SBP(0.14, p = 0.018). Other predisposing factors such as being married (−0.32, p < 0.001) and being homeless as a child alone (0.16, p < 0.001) were directly associated with disability and indirectly associated (0.14, p = 0.018) with SBP. Enabling factor of health literacy (0.16, p = 0.001) was directly associated with disability and indirectly associated (0.14, p = 0.018) with SBP. Need factor of disability (0.14, p = 0.018) was directly associated with SBP.

Conclusions

This study provides the first validation of a conceptual model for the relationship between SDoH and SBP among immigrants and identifies potential targets for focused interventions.
Leadership Special Issue: Do we need Authentic Leadership? Interrogating authenticity in a new world order
Authors: Iszatt-White Marian , Carroll Brigid , Gardiner Rita A , Kempster Steve
Published: March 2021

Authentic Leadership (AL) has been claimed as the ‘root construct’ (Avolio and Gardner, 2005) for other forms of ‘aspirational’ leadership with underpinnings in positive psychology. It has also been explicitly positioned as a response to the ‘ethical corporate meltdown’ (May et al., 2003: 247) said to have resulted from previous forms of leadership. Yet it has struggled to live up to its acknowledged functionalist and instrumentalist aims. At the same time, AL has proved resistant to important philosophical challenges seeking to problematize the nature of the ‘true self’ and draw attention to the complexities of enacting authenticity in the daily practice of leadership. These ambitious claims and unaddressed issues are at the heart of this special issue’s enquiry as to whether AL is fit for purpose as a driver of leadership theory and practice in the current world order, and its call for more critical attention to be paid to the notion of authenticity in leadership. The contributions to this special issue blend traditional, empirical papers with invited ‘Leading Questions’ thought pieces to offer a fundamental interrogation of authenticity at the same time as achieving a balance of perspectives.
Problematizing authentic leadership: How the experience of minoritized people highlights the impossibility of leading from one’s “true self”
Authors: Ladkin Donna
Published: March 2021

This short essay argues that the case of minoritized individuals attempting to lead authentically highlights barriers that anyone leading from their “true self” will encounter. By offering the concepts of “double consciousness” and “intersectionality,” the notion of the ‘true self” at the center of authentic leadership is problematized from the perspective of the individual leader. These difficulties are exacerbated by considering both the role demands of leading, as well as needs followers have for leaders to be in some way prototypical of themselves. In concluding, the essay contends that rather than privileging the impulse of their “true self,” those attempting to lead authentically must make deliberate choices about which “self” to foreground, as well as interweaving the requirements of their social and contextual location into how they turn up as leaders.
‘I AM’: Indigenous consciousness for authenticity and leadership
Authors: Spiller Chellie
Published: March 2021

This article encourages a move away from the excessively inward gaze of ‘to thine own self be true’ and explores ‘I AM’ consciousness as a starting point. An I AM approach encourages a move from the measurable self to the immeasurable expansiveness and mystery of our own becoming. It is to step beyond the lines drawn around the ‘true self’ or the lines that others would have us draw. I AM consciousness reflects an ancient Indigenous thread that echoes through millennia and reminds humans that we are a movement through time, and each person is a present link to the past and the future, woven into a fabric of belonging.
Evil, thinking, and emotions in Hannah Arendt’s political philosophy: Implications for the teaching of democratic citizenship
Authors: Zembylas Michalinos
Published: March 2021

This paper brings together Arendt’s insights on evil and thinking along with her concerns about the role of emotions in political life. The central questions driving this exploration are two: How does Arendt understand ‘thinking’ in her theory of evil and what can educators learn from this? What are her concerns about the role of emotions in public life and which pedagogical insights may be drawn? In attempting to respond to these questions, the analysis draws connections between Arendt’s concept of thinking and its influence on evil-doing, clarifies the distinction between rationality and critical thinking in Arendt’s thought, and discusses the ethical and political consequences of eliminating the dichotomy between reason and emotion. It is argued that, despite some limitations, the use of Arendt’s insights as a pedagogical and educational source working against evil-doing in a democratic society is of crucial importance, especially in these uncertain times.
A probabilistic approach to identifying run scoring advantage in the order of playing cricket
Authors: Samad Manar D , Sen Sumen
Published: March 2021

In the game of cricket, the decision to bat first after winning the toss is often taken to make the best use of superior pitch conditions and set a big target for the opponent. However, the opponent may fail to show their natural batting performance in the second innings due to several factors, including deteriorated pitch conditions and excessive pressure of chasing a high target score. The advantage of batting first has been highlighted in the literature and expert opinions. However, the effect of batting and bowling order on match outcome has not been investigated well enough to recommend an adjustment of potential bias. This study proposes a probability-based model to study venue-specific scoring and chasing characteristics of teams with different match outcomes. A total of 1117 one-day international cricket matches held in ten popular venues are analyzed to show substantially high scoring likelihood when the winning team bat in the first innings. In a high scoring match, results suggest that the same bat-first winning team is very unlikely to score or chase the same high score if they bat in the second innings. We use the Bayesian rule to identify the bias in the scoring likelihood due to the playing order (bat-first versus bat-second). The bias is adjusted by revising the second innings target in a way that equalizes winning and run scoring likelihoods of both teams. The data and source code have been shared publicly for future research in creating competitive match outcomes by eliminating the advantage of batting order in run scoring.
Anatomical plane and transverse axis of the scapula: Reliability of manual positioning of the anatomical landmarks
Authors: Jacquot Adrien , Gauci Marc-Olivier , Urvoy Manuel , de Casson François Boux , Berhouet Julien , Letissier Hoel
Published: March 2021

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of manual determination of the three key points defining the anatomical plane of the scapula, which conditions the reliability of planning software programs based on manual method.

Method

We included 82 scapula computed tomography scans (56 pathologic and 26 normal glenoid), excluding truncation and major three-dimensional artifact. Four observers independently picked the three key points for each case. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was calculated for each point, using the intraclass correlation method. The mean error (mm) between the observers was calculated as the diameter of the smallest sphere including the four chosen positions.

Results

Lower inter-observer agreement was found for the trigonum superoinferior position and for the glenoid center anteroposterior position. The mean positioning error between the four observers was 6.9 mm for the trigonum point, and error greater than 10 mm was recorded in 25% of the cases. The mean positioning error was 3.5 mm for the glenoid center in altered glenoid, compared to 1.8 mm for normal glenoid.

Discussion

Manual determination of an anatomical plane of the scapula suffers from inaccuracy especially due to the variability in trigonum picking, and in a lesser extent, to the variability of glenoid center picking in altered glenoid.
German–Norwegian relations in security and defence: What kind of partnership?
Authors: Olav Knutsen Bjørn
Published: March 2021

The article contributes to the debate on European defence cooperation and integration by analysing the German–Norwegian security and defence partnership. I define this partnership as being based upon mutual interests and values, and one in which the minor partner has important resources to contribute which accord with the larger partner’s interests and values. The article analyses this partnership within the framework of European integration and Atlantic cooperation, and in terms of how the discourse on strategic autonomy shapes the partnership. The article discusses two specific areas of cooperation, the High North and German–Norwegian collaboration on defence procurement. When analysing this relationship, I argue that Norway applies strategies such as acting as an external resource, adaptation and shielding to influence German policies vital to Norwegian security.
Fatal Motor Vehicle-Pedestrian Collision Injury Patterns—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Halari Moheem Masumali , Shkrum Michael James
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Injury patterns in pedestrians struck by motor vehicles were described in medical literature first published almost a half century ago. “Classical” triads of injury distribution were described for adults (skull-pelvis-extremity) and subsequently applied to children (head-hip or pelvis-distal femur/knee joint). Notably, these classical triads were derived from two publications reporting clinical observations of only 11 patients, all of whom were adults.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane to determine the evidence-base for motor vehicle collision (MVC)-pedestrian injury “triads” and other trauma patterns described for pedestrians in the adult and pediatric age groups.

Results:

Of the 1540 full-text articles identified in the review, 56 articles published in English met the inclusion criteria, that is, motor vehicle-pedestrian collision resulting in specific, fatal injuries determined by postmortem examinations. There were variations in injury patterns that differed from the “classical” triads. These differences likely stem from advances in vehicle design and safety features which have affected the nature and distribution of injuries.

Discussion:

Further research on the correlation of specific injuries sustained by pedestrians of different ages with various types of vehicles and impacts are needed to assess the validity of previously observed injury patterns in relation to the current motor vehicle fleet. Delineation of injury patterns can assist health care teams in trauma management. Vehicle manufacturers and government regulators can better assess whether the introduction of advanced driver assistance features designed to protect pedestrians when struck will be effective in reducing severe injuries. In forensic pathology practice, knowledge of pedestrian injury patterns based on data representative of impacts involving modern vehicles can provide MVC death investigators the means to determine MVC dynamics and pedestrian kinematics.
Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil From Englerastrum gracillimum Th. C. E. Fries Growing in Niger
Authors: Namata Abba Bala , Ilagouma Amadou Tidjani , Amadou Issoufou , Romane Abderrahmane
Published: March 2021

In the present study, the chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Englerastrum gracillimum Th. C. E. Fries growing in Niger were investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 42 compounds representing 97.9% of the total oil constituents. The major compounds of the essential oil were: α-humulene (30.5%), followed by cubenol (19.8%), γ-muurolene (14.0%), ( E)-β-caryophyllene (5.8%), β-gurjunene (5.2%), and curzerene (4.9%). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was determined by using the free radical-scavenging activity (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH˙) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The essential oil showed good antioxidant potential with both methods. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii P1483, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -Escherichia coli Bu8566, Salmonella spp. H1548, Proteus mirabilis Bu190 , Enterobacter cloacae Bu147, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus P1123, Enterococcus faecium H3434, and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) using the agar disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The essential oil exhibited good antibacterial activity. The highest antibacterial effect was observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus P1123 with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.03 mg/mL and 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. These data are of scientific importance for the valorization of aromatic and medicinal plants of Niger, especially E. gracillimum. This study reports for the first time the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this essential oil.
Addressing Stress in High School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Williams Marissa L. , Morse Brenna L. , DeGraffenried Wendy , McAuliffe Diana L.
Published: March 2021

Safety isolation protocols in response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic have had the unintended consequence of social isolation for adolescents, youth who have a developmental need for autonomy and peer connection. Social isolation alone can lead to various psychological effects such as anxiety, stress, low mood, fear, frustration, and boredom. School nurses serve a vital role in addressing stress among adolescents by initiating early interventions, ensuring positive school experiences for students, and providing support surrounding the development of mental health disorders. Through implementation of NASN’s Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice, school nurses address stress among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovative interventions can include recognizing signs and symptoms of stress on physical and emotional health, advocating for mental health literacy curriculums, social prescribing, incorporating anticipatory guidance related to health promotion lifestyle practices into each school health encounter, and creating a virtual school health office to reach students while COVID-19 safety isolation continues.
Combined Treatment With H1 and H4 Receptor Antagonists Improves Th2 Inflammatory Responses in the Nasal Mucosa of Allergic Rhinitis Rats
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Yu Hongwei , Pan Yongliang , Shao Shengwen
Published: March 2021

Background

Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists are the first-line drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) at present. Emerging evidence supports an important role of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) in allergic diseases. However, information regarding the effects of combined treatment with H1 and H4 receptor antagonists in AR is limited.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the effects of combined treatment with H1R and H4R antagonists on Th2 inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa of AR rats.

Methods

Sprague Dawley rats were sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with H1R antagonist desloratadine or/and H4R antagonist JNJ7777120. Western blotting was used to assay the phenotypic markers of mature dendritic cells in the nasal mucosa, including major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and OX40 ligand (OX40L). Th2 inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-4, 5 and 13 in nasal lavage fluids were determined by using enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Results

The treatment with desloratadine alone down-regulated the CD86 expression, and decreased the production of Th2 cytokines, but had no impact on the expression of MHC-II, CD80 and OX40L. The administration of NJ7777120 alone reduced the levels of CD86, OX40L and Th2 cytokines, whereas MHC-II and CD80 expression was unaffected. The combination of desloratadine and JNJ7777120 showed more significant synergistic therapeutic effects than monotherapy.

Conclusion

H4R antagonist acted synergistically with H1R antagonist to reduce Th2 inflammatory responses by down-regulating CD86 and OX40L expression in the nasal mucosa of AR rats. The combination with H1R and H4R antagonists might be a new strategy for AR treatment.
Modified fibrinolytic therapy as treatment of mechanical aortic valve thrombosis
Authors: Mustafa Ala , Thomas Todd , Murdock Robert , Congello Samuel
Published: March 2021

Prosthetic valve thrombosis is a rare phenomenon with limited treatment options. Current management choices include anticoagulation with or without fibrinolysis or surgical valve replacement for appropriate candidates. We report an alternative fibrinolytic and anticoagulation regimen resulting in successful treatment of a patient presenting with mechanical aortic valve thrombosis.