bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No add‐on effect of tDCS on fatigue and depression in chronic stroke patients: A randomized sham‐controlled trial combining tDCS with computerized cognitive training
Authors: Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Kolskår Knut K. , Richard Geneviève , Pedersen Mads Lund , Alnæs Dag , Dørum Erlend S. , Sanders Anne‐Marthe , Tornås Sveinung , Maglanoc Luigi A. , Engvig Andreas , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Nordvik Jan E. , Westlye Lars T.
Published: June 2022

Background

Fatigue and emotional distress rank high among self‐reported unmet needs in life after stroke. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may have the potential to alleviate these symptoms for some patients, but the acceptability and effects for chronic stroke survivors need to be explored in randomized controlled trials.

Methods

Using a randomized sham‐controlled parallel design, we evaluated whether six sessions of 1 mA tDCS (anodal over F3, cathodal over O2) combined with computerized cognitive training reduced self‐reported symptoms of fatigue and depression. Among the 74 chronic stroke patients enrolled at baseline, 54 patients completed the intervention. Measures of fatigue and depression were collected at five time points spanning a 2 months period.

Results

While symptoms of fatigue and depression were reduced during the course of the intervention, Bayesian analyses provided evidence for no added beneficial effect of tDCS. Less severe baseline symptoms were associated with higher performance improvement in select cognitive tasks, and study withdrawal was higher in patients with more fatigue and younger age. Time‐resolved symptom analyses by a network approach suggested higher centrality of fatigue items (except item 1 and 2) than depression items.

Conclusion

The results reveal no add‐on effect of tDCS on fatigue or depression but support the notion of fatigue as a relevant clinical symptom with possible implications for treatment adherence and response.
FDG‐PET/CT‐guided rebiopsy may find clinically unsuspicious transformation of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Rajamäki Aino , Kuitunen Hanne , Sorigue Marc , Kokkonen Salla‐Maarit , Kuittinen Outi , Sunela Kaisa
Published: June 2022

Aim

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical impact of fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) followed by a new biopsy from the site with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in case of high maximal SUV values, in detecting clinically unsuspected histologic transformations (HT) of follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods

This retrospective study included all the patients who had undergone FDG‐PET/CT during primary diagnosis or relapse of FL between 2010 and 2020 at Oulu University Hospital.

Results

The diagnosis changed from an indolent disease to a transformed lymphoma in >10% (7/63) of the patients who underwent diagnostic FDG‐PET/CT. The HT risk associated with high SUVmax (>10) was 24% (7 of 29 performed biopsies). Four out of these seven patients with verified HT had no previous clinical suspicion of transformation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that a rebiopsy based on a high SUVmax in diagnostic FDG‐PET/CT is valuable in detecting clinically unsuspected HT of FL.
Review recent rulings involving sexual misconduct
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2022

An overview of the key topics faced by college athletics administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
A semantic‐driven generation of 3D Chinese opera performance scenes
Authors: Liang Hui , Dong Xiaohang , Liu Xiaoxiao , Pan Junjun , Zhang Jingyue , Wang Ruicong
Published: June 2022

The emergence of digital opera has enriched the stage performance of Chinese opera and expanded its dissemination means. However, the modern spread of traditional Chinese opera still faces hindrances. Digital opera performances require the generation of virtual scenes of the stages and characters. However, traditional virtual scene generation requires workers to build 3D models using modeling software and incorporate them into the performance scene. This article proposes a semantic‐based generation method for Chinese opera performance scenes. First, we analyze the scene description scripts to understand the elements in Chinese opera virtual scenes. The prior probability is subsequently used to learn the model placement rules in the opera scene model. A digital scene suitable for Chinese opera performance is then generated. The final results show that the method can generate natural and receptive opera digital performance scenes. This article's research ideas and achievements are conducive to the promotion of development of Chinese digital opera technology. They possess substantial significance to the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese opera art.
Masseteric hernia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shall Firas , Javadian Rokneddin , Parent Dominique , Evrard Laurence
Published: June 2022

Mandibular swellings are common, but a hernia of the masseter muscle is a rare condition. This case report describes the case of a young patient presenting a masseter muscle hernia and discusses the management of this condition.
Synergistic Strategies in Aminocatalysis
Authors: Del Vecchio Antonio , Sinibaldi Arianna , Nori Valeria , Giorgianni Giuliana , Di Carmine Graziano , Pesciaioli Fabio
Published: June 2022

Synergistic catalysis offers the unique possibility of simultaneous activation of both the nucleophile and the electrophile in a reaction. A requirement for this strategy is the stability of the active species towards the reaction conditions and the two concerted catalytic cycles. Since the beginning of the century, aminocatalysis has been established as a platform for the stereoselective activation of carbonyl compounds through HOMO‐raising or LUMO‐lowering. The burgeoning era of aminocatalysis has been driven by a deep understanding of these activation and stereoinduction modes, thanks to the introduction of versatile and privileged chiral amines. The aim of this review is to cover recent developments in synergistic strategies involving aminocatalysis in combination with organo‐, metal‐, photo‐, and electro‐catalysis, focusing on the evolution of privileged aminocatalysts architectures.
Corporate wrongdoing and board leadership structure: An analysis of the WestJet spying scandal
Authors: Chowdhury Shamsud D. , Sheppard Jerry Paul
Published: June 2022

This study focuses on corporate espionage undertaken by WestJet Airlines, Canada's second largest air carrier. Employing a case study, we examine how board leadership‐endorsed internet snooping affected WestJet's board structure and performance. We also paired the case study with an event study methodology to enhance the case narrative and illustrate market responses to continuing revelations of WestJet's espionage over time. We find that investors initially discounted WestJet's value then over time reacted more to market changes and positive scandal‐related outcomes. WestJet withstood the adverse effects of wrongdoing and regained investor confidence and profitability via substantive and symbolic changes to their board leadership structure. The study's theoretical and practical implications are also given.
Mechanical or biologic prostheses for mitral valve replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Jun , Qiao En , Wang Wei
Published: June 2022

Either a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve is used in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR). However, the optimal mitral prosthesis remains controversial. The aim of this meta‐analysis was thus to compare outcomes between mechanical mitral valve replacement (MVRm) and bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement (MVRb) for MVR patients. We searched Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2021 for studies that directly compared surgical outcomes of MVRm and MVRb. A total of 22 studies with 35 903 patients were included in the meta‐analysis (n = 23 868 MVRm and n = 12 035 MVRb). The MVRm group displayed lower long‐term all causes mortality (HR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77−0.91; p < .0001; I² = 51%), and fewer mitral reoperation (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.23−0.50; p < .00001; I² = 74%) than MVRb group. However, the MVRm group was associated with a greater risk of major bleeding events (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14−1.29; p < .00001; I² = 0%), stroke and systemic embolism (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10−1.32; p < .0001; I² = 0%) in matched or adjusted data. No significant difference was observed between MVRm and MVRb on operative mortality in matched/adjusted group (risk ratios: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.66−1.05; p = .12; I² = 0%). The results were consistent with patients aged under 70 years old. Patients who received a MVRm is associated with 16% lower risk of long‐term mortality and 66% lower risk of mitral reoperation, but 20% greater risk of stroke or systemic embolism, 21% greater risk of major bleeding compared with MVRb in matched/adjusted studies group, which were consistent to patients younger than the age of 70 years who underwent MVR.
Crystals and crystalloids in cytopathology: Incidence and importance
Authors: Torous Vanda F. , Dodd Leslie G. , McIntire Patrick J. , Jiang Xiaoyin Sara
Published: June 2022

Many crystals and crystal‐like structures may be encountered in cytopathology practice and can represent both beautiful novelties and diagnostic aids. The authors present an organ‐specific review of the published literature on crystals combined with personal experiences. The purpose is not only to serve as a reference guide by highlighting the clinical and morphologic features of crystals, crystalloids, and crystal‐like structures but also to review their significance and to offer reporting strategies in cases that bear management implications.
Application and usefulness of a new eight‐wire basket catheter for endoscopic extraction of small common bile duct stones: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Inatomi Osamu , Katayama Masanobu , Soga Koichi , Yamamoto Takashi , Mikami Takao , Morita Yukihiro , Nakajima Jun , Shintani Shuhei , Yagi Yuki , Kishi Yuki , Matsumura Kazuyoshi
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Distally located small common bile duct stones are often difficult to treat or grasp endoscopically. Therefore, multiple devices, such as baskets or balloon catheters, are frequently used in such cases. However, it is desirable to use a single device for stone extraction from the perspective of cost‐effectiveness. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the efficacy of a new eight‐wire basket catheter for extracting small (≤10 mm) common bile duct stones.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the records of 144 patients who underwent stone extraction using the eight‐wire basket catheter for common bile duct stones ≤10 mm. The success rate of complete stone extraction and the risk factors for the difficulty in stone extraction with the eight‐wire catheter alone were mainly evaluated.

Results

The success rate of stone extraction with the eight‐wire catheter alone was 86.1%. The final rate of complete stone extraction was 98.0%. The mean of the maximum diameter of the common bile duct and the largest stone dimension were 10.5 ± 3.5, and 5.1 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. Common bile duct diameter ≥12 mm and stone diameter ≥6 mm were identified as independent risk factors for the difficulty in stone extraction with the eight‐wire catheter alone.

Conclusions

The success rate of the new eight‐wire basket for small common bile duct stone extraction was acceptable. The device is beneficial and could be used from the start for the extraction of small stones < 6 mm.
Dialectical behavior therapy compared to cognitive behavior therapy in binge‐eating disorder: An effectiveness study with 6‐month follow‐up
Authors: Lammers Mirjam W. , Vroling Maartje S. , Crosby Ross D. , van Strien Tatjana
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate whether the results of a quasi‐randomized study, comparing dialectical behavior therapy for binge‐eating disorder (DBT‐BED) and an intensive, outpatient cognitive behavior therapy (CBT+) in individuals with BED, would be replicated in a nonrandomized study with patients who more closely resemble everyday clinical practice.

Method

Patients with (subthreshold) BED (N = 175) started one of two group treatments: DBT‐BED (n = 42) or CBT+ (n = 133), at a community eating disorder service. Measures of eating disorder pathology, emotion regulation, and general psychopathology were examined at end of treatment (EOT) and at 6‐month follow‐up using generalized linear models with multiple imputation.

Results

Both treatments lead to substantial decreases on primary and secondary measures. Statistically significant, medium‐size differences between groups were limited to global eating disorder psychopathology (d = −.62; 95% CI = .231, .949) at EOT and depressive symptoms at follow‐up (d = −.45; 95% CI = .149, 6.965), favoring CBT+. Dropout of treatment included 15.0% from CBT+ and 19.0% from DBT‐BED (difference nonsignificant).

Discussion

Decreases in global eating disorder psychopathology were achieved faster with CBT+. Overall, improvements in DBT‐BED were comparable to those observed in CBT+. Findings of the original trial, favoring CBT+ on the number of OBE episodes, emotional dysregulation and self‐esteem at EOT, and on eating disorder psychopathology and self‐esteem at follow‐up, were not replicated. With similar rates of treatment dropout and about half of the therapy time used in CBT+, DBT‐BED can be considered a relevant treatment for BED in everyday clinical practice.

Public Significance

In this effectiveness study, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) resulted in clinically relevant improvements in individuals with binge eating disorder. Changes were broadly comparable to those of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), the current treatment of choice. Although CBT resulted in decreases in eating disorder psychopathology faster, there was a trend toward relapse in CBT at 6‐month follow‐up. Therefore, the less costly DBT‐program can be considered a relevant treatment in clinical practice.
High‐Performance Quasi‐Solid‐State Pouch Cells Enabled by in situ Solidification of a Novel Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Lu Qingwen , Wang Changhong , Bao Danni , Duan Hui , Zhao Feipeng , Doyle‐Davis Kieran , Zhang Qiang , Wang Rennian , Zhao Shangqian , Wang Jiantao , Huang Huan , Sun Xueliang
Published: June 2022

Conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with liquid electrolytes are challenged by their big safety concerns, particularly used in electric vehicles. All‐solid‐state batteries using solid‐state electrolytes have been proposed to significantly improve safety yet are impeded by poor interfacial solid–solid contact and fast interface degradation. As a compromising strategy, in situ solidification has been proposed in recent years to fabricate quasi‐solid‐state batteries, which have great advantages in constructing intimate interfaces and cost‐effective mass manufacturing. In this work, quasi‐solid‐state pouch cells with high loading electrodes (≥3 mAh cm−2) were fabricated via in situ solidification of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate‐based polymer electrolytes (PEGDA‐PEs). Both single‐layer and multilayer quasi‐solid‐state pouch cells (2.0 Ah) have demonstrated stable electrochemical performance over 500 cycles. The superb electrochemical stability is closely related to the formation of robust and compatible interphase, which successfully inhibits interfacial side reactions and prevents interfacial structural degradation. This work demonstrates that in situ solidification is a facile and cost‐effective approach to fabricate quasi‐solid‐state pouch cells with both excellent electrochemical performance and safety.
The relationship between the Mediterranean diet and Axis I disorders: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Madani Samaneh , Ahmadi Afsane , Shoaei‐Jouneghani Firoozeh , Moazen Mahsa , Sasani Najmeh
Published: June 2022

Axis I disorders are one of the major health burdens worldwide. Evidence suggests that Mediterranean diet has key biological factors associated with reducing the progression of these disorders. This systematic review aimed to clarify the relationship between Mediterranean diet and Axis I disorders. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from January 2016 up to June 2021. Those observational studies in English language that assessed the relationship between Mediterranean diet and Axis I disorders (such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, schizophrenia, etc.) were included in this review. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Thirty‐six studies (15 cohorts, 19 cross‐sectional, and 2 case–control) met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that more than two‐thirds of the studies (25 studies, 69.44%) had significant protective relationship between receiving Mediterranean diet and reducing the symptoms or incidence of Axis I disorders. Most studies were performed on depression (29 studies measured depression at least as one of the Axis I disorders), of which 72.41% reported an inverse relationship. There were also 9 studies on anxiety (studies that measured anxiety at least as one of the Axis I disorders), that 77.77% of them observed protective association. Moreover, majority of the studies (25 studies, 69.44%) had high quality, of which 76% found an inverse relationship. In conclusion, it seems that the Mediterranean diet can reduce the symptoms or the occurrence of Axis I disorders (especially depression and anxiety). However, more extensive review studies, particularly with interventional designs, are necessary to prove the result.
Flow cytometric evaluation of measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Where do we stand?
Authors: D’Arena Giovanni , Sgambato Alessandro , Volpe Silvestro , Coppola Giuseppe , Amodeo Rachele , Tirino Virginia , D’Auria Fiorella , Statuto Teodora , Valvano Luciana , Pietrantuono Giuseppe , Deaglio Silvia , Efremov Dimitar , Laurenti Luca , Aiello Antonella
Published: June 2022

Measurable residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a relevant parameter of response to therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although several methods have been developed, flow cytometry has emerged as the most useful and standardized approach to measure and quantify MRD. The improved sensitivity of MRD measurements has been paralleled by the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for CLL, increasing the applicability of MRD detection in this setting. Chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy have firstly demonstrated their ability to obtain a deep MRD. Combined targeted therapies are also demonstrating a high molecular response rate and prospective trials are exploring the role of MRD to guide the duration of treatment in this setting. In this review we briefly summarize what we have learned about MRD with emphasis on its flow cytometric detection.
Estimating evapotranspiration within a dryland watershed: Comparison of eddy‐covariance observations, water budget estimates, and satellite‐based products
Authors: Liu Yi , Zheng Yuejun , Li Wenpeng , Zhou Tiantian
Published: June 2022

Accurate and continuous estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) are crucial for comprehending associated hydrological processes, especially in dryland watersheds. However, there remains a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations of multi‐source ET estimates' performance and uncertainties. To further assist ET estimation improvement and water resources management, we incorporated diffuse radiation partitioning and water‐carbon coupling processes into the satellite‐driven Vegetation Interface Processes (VIP) model for estimating ET in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China, and compared it with eddy covariance (EC) observations, water budget estimates, and five global satellite‐based products from Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS), MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Penman‐Monteith‐Leuning (PML), Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop), and Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS). Sobol' sensitivity analysis was applied to the VIP model. Uncertainties in ET estimates were identified by the three‐cornered hat method. Results indicate that stomatal conductance coefficient, quantum efficiency, and clear sky index were dominant influencing parameters for VIP ET. Moreover, VIP and GLASS ET were in strong agreement with the EC‐based ET, although SSEBop ET was not, and MODIS ET could not capture seasonal variations. VIP could best represent ET dynamics from water budgets on the basin scale, followed by PML. During the period 2003–2015, GLASS, PML, and VIP provided reasonable ET estimates in this region, with an annual ET of 159.3, 153.2, and 173.5 mm, respectively, across the basin. Furthermore, ET algorithm benefits were presented: BESS and VIP, including diffuse radiation partitioning, performed better in cropland; PML and VIP that address water‐carbon coupling were stable and independent of the aridity index, and GLASS could considerably reduce uncertainty. The findings contribute to the collective knowledge of ET estimates in similar dryland areas and are relevant worldwide.
ARDL bounds test for cointegration: Replicating the Pesaran et al. (2001) results for the UK earnings equation using R
Authors: Natsiopoulos Kleanthis , Tzeremes Nickolaos G.
Published: June 2022

This paper replicates the UK earnings equation using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling approach and the bounds test for cointegration by Pesaran et al. (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2001, 16(3), 289–326). The findings from the narrow sense fully replicate the original results using the open‐source language R and the ARDL package. In the wide sense replication, augmented data are employed, thus extending the end period from 1997:Q4 to 2019:Q4, using an alternative measure for union power. Adopting the new dataset, this study reinvestigates the UK earnings equation, thereby providing supporting evidence of a long‐run relationship and reveals empirical findings about the long‐run effects of productivity, unemployment, tax wedge, and union power on wages.
Dipolar 1,3‐cycloaddition of thioformaldehydeS‐methylide (CH2SCH2) to ethylene and acetylene. A comparison with (valence) isoelectronicO3,SO2,CH2OOandCH2SO
Authors: Salta Zoi , Vega‐Teijido Mauricio , Katz Aline , Tasinato Nicola , Barone Vincenzo , Ventura Oscar N.
Published: June 2022

Methods rooted in the density functional theory and in the coupled cluster ansatz were employed to investigate the cycloaddition reactions to ethylene and acetylene of 1,3‐dipolar species including ozone and the derivatives issued from replacement of the central oxygen atom by the valence‐isoelectronic sulfur atom, and/or of one or both terminal oxygen atoms by the isoelectronic CH2group. This gives rise to five different 1,3‐dipolar compounds, namely ozone itself (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO), sulfine (CH2SO), and thioformaldehydeS‐methylide (CH2SCH2, TSM). The experimental and accurate theoretical data available for some of those molecules were employed to assess the accuracy of two last‐generation composite methods employing conventional or explicitly correlated post‐Hartree‐Fock contributions (jun‐Cheap and SVECV‐f12, respectively), which were then applied to investigate the reactivity of TSM. The energy barriers provided by both composite methods are very close (the average values for the two composite methods are 7.1 and 8.3 kcal mol−1for the addition to ethylene and acetylene, respectively) and comparable to those ruling the corresponding additions of ozone (4.0 and 7.7 kcal mol−1, respectively). These and other evidences strongly suggest that, at least in the case of cycloadditions, the reactivity of TSM is similar to that of O3and very different from that of SO2.
Combined prognostic value of preoperative serum thyrotrophin and thyroid hormone concentration in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Liu Yushu , Huang Yanyi , Mo Guoheng , Zhou Tao , Hou Qian , Shi Chaoqun , Yu Jichun , Lv Yunxia
Published: June 2022

Background

A growing number of studies have found a close association between thyroid hormones and thyrotrophin (TSH), and they also have prognostic significance in some cancer types; this study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), fT3/fT4, TSH, and their combination in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the relevant data of 726 newly diagnosed PTC patients. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to predict the recurrence rate, and a risk score was established. In addition, with the use of a random survival forest, a random forest (RF) score was constructed. After calculating the area under the curve (AUC), the diagnostic efficacy of risk score, RF score, and four indicators was compared.

Results

fT3, fT4, fT3/fT4, and TSH were strongly associated with some invasive clinicopathological features and postoperative recurrence. Patients with high expression of fT4 and TSH have a high risk of recurrence. By contrast, patients with high expression of fT3 and fT3/fT4 have a low risk of recurrence. At the same time, the combined use of various indicators is more helpful for establishing an accurate diagnosis. By comparison, we found that the RF score was better than the risk score in terms of predicting the recurrence of PTC.

Conclusion

The diagnostic accuracy of a combination of fT3, fT4, fT3/fT4, and TSH can help improve our clinical estimate of the risk of recurrent PTC, thus allowing the development of a more effective treatment plan for patients.
Unusual lophophore innervation in ctenostome Flustrellidra hispida (Bryozoa)
Authors: Temereva Elena N. , Isaeva Maria A. , Kosevich Igor A.
Published: June 2022

Since ctenostomes are traditionally regarded as an ancestral clade to some other bryozoan groups, the study of additional species may help to clarify questions on bryozoan evolution and phylogeny. One of these questions is the bryozoan lophophore evolution: whether it occurred through simplification or complication. The morphology and innervation of the ctenostome Flustrellidra hispida (Fabricius, 1780) lophophore have been studied with electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Lophophore nervous system of F. hispida consists of several main nerve elements: cerebral ganglion, circumoral nerve ring, and the outer nerve ring. Serotonin‐like immunoreactive perikarya, which connect with the circumoral nerve ring, bear the cilium that directs to the abfrontal side of the lophophore and extends between tentacle bases. The circumoral nerve ring gives rise to the intertentacular and frontal tentacle nerves. The outer nerve ring gives rise to the abfrontal neurites, which connect to the outer groups of perikarya and contribute to the formation of the abfrontal tentacle nerve. The outer nerve ring has been described before in other bryozoans, but it never contributes to the innervation of tentacles. The presence of the outer nerve ring participating in the innervation of tentacles makes the F. hispida lophophore nervous system particularly similar to the lophophore nervous system of phoronids. This similarity allows to suggest that organization of the F. hispida lophophore nervous system may reflect the ancestral state for all bryozoans. The possible scenario of evolutionary transformation of the lophophore nervous system within bryozoans is suggested.
A proposal of drain removal criteria in hepatobiliary resection
Authors: Watanabe Nobuyuki , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Onoe Shunsuke , Uehara Kay , Sunagawa Masaki , Ebata Tomoki
Published: June 2022

Background

Standardized criteria for drain removal in hepatobiliary resection are lacking. Here, we evaluated the outcomes of delayed removal policy in this extended surgery.

Methods

Patients undergoing hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The drains were removed on postoperative day (POD) 7 when the drainage fluid was grossly serous, biochemically normal, and negative for bacterial contamination as assessed by Gram staining; additionally, no abnormal fluid collection was confirmed by computed tomography. Clinically relevant abdominal complications (CRACs), including biliary leakage, pancreatic fistula or intra‐abdominal abscess, served as the primary outcome measure.

Results

Among 374 study patients, surgical drains were removed in 166 (44.3%) patients who met the criteria. Of these patients, 16 (9.6%) patients subsequently required additional drainage due to CRAC. Drains were retained and exchanged in 208 (55.6%) patients who did not meet the criteria. Of these, exchanged drains were soon removed in 34 patients due to no signs of CRAC. The diagnostic ability of the criteria revealed 0.916 sensitivity, 0.815 specificity, and 0.866 accuracy.

Conclusion

The four findings on POD 7 worked well as criteria for drain removal, and these criteria may be helpful in drain management after hepatobiliary resection.
Clinical and virologic factors associated with outcomes of COVID‐19 before and after vaccination among Veterans: Retrospective analysis from six New England states
Authors: Lee Megan , Cosentino Danielle , Kyriakides Tassos C. , Cavallaro Tricia , Stack Gary , Gupta Shaili
Published: June 2022

We aimed to characterize clinical and demographic factors affecting clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 and describe viral epidemiology among unvaccinated Veterans in New England. Veterans infected with COVID‐19 in Veterans Administration healthcare systems in six New England states from April 8, 2020, to September 2, 2021, were correlated with outcomes of 30‐day mortality, nonpsychiatric hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission (ICU‐care). We sequenced 827 viral genomes. Of 3950 Veterans with COVID‐19 before full vaccination, 81% were White, 8% were women, and the mean age was 60 years. Overall, 19% of Veterans required hospitalization, 2.8% required ICU care, and 4.9% died. In this largely male and older cohort, poor outcomes correlated with increasing age. Most New England Veterans (>97%) were infected with B.1 sublineages with the D614G mutation in 2020 and early 2021. B.1.617.2 lineage (68%) predominated after July 2021.
Towards an alcohol‐free process for the production of palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis of crude palm oil using liquid lipases
Authors: Adiiba Siti Hanifah , Chan Eng‐Seng , Lee Yee Ying , Amelia  , Chang Mun Yuen , Song Cher Pin
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Crude palm oil (CPO) is rich with phytonutrients such as carotenoids and tocols which possesses many health benefits. The aim of this research was to develop a methanol‐free process to produce palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed into free fatty acids (FFAs) using three different types of liquid lipases derived from Aspergillus oryzae (ET 2.0), Aspergillus niger (Habio) and Candida antartica (CALB).

RESULTS

ET 2.0 was found to be the best enzyme for hydrolysis. Under the optimum condition, the FFA content achievable was 790 g kg−1 after 24 h of reaction with 1:1 water‐to‐oil mass ratio at 50 °C and stirring speed of 9 × g. Furthermore, with the addition of 2 g kg−1 ascorbic acid, it was found that 98% of carotenoids and 96% of tocols could be retained after hydrolysis.

CONCLUSION

This work shows that enzymatic hydrolysis, which is inherently safer, cleaner and sustainable is feasible to replace the conventional methanolysis for the production of palm phytonutrients. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Shape‐Dependent Complementary Ditopic Terpyridine Pair with Two Levels of Self‐Recognition for Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly
Authors: Li Kehuan , Zhang Shunran , Hu Yaqi , Kang Shimin , Yu Xiujun , Wang Heng , Wang Ming , Li Xiaopeng
Published: June 2022

Molecular recognition in biological systems plays a vital role in the precise construction of biomacromolecules and the corresponding biological activities. Such recognition mainly relies on the highly specific binding of complementary molecular pairs with complementary sizes, shapes, and intermolecular forces. It still remains challenging to develop artificial complementary motif pairs for coordination‐driven self‐assembly. Herein, a series of shape‐dependent complementary motif pairs, based on ditopic 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (TPY) backbone, are designed and synthesized. The fidelity degrees of self‐assemblies from these motifs are carefully evaluated by multi‐dimensional mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. In addition, two levels of self‐recognition in both homoleptic and heteroleptic assembly are discovered in the assembled system. Through finely tuning the shape and size of the ligands, a complementary pair is developed with error‐free narcissistically self‐sorting at two levels of self‐recognition, and the intrinsic principle is carefully investigated.
Strain sensor based on FBG in fiber loop ring down system
Authors: Wu Kai , Zhao Chunliu , Mao Bangning , Kang Juan , Gong Huaping , Wang Hailong , Wang Dongning
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a strain sensor with a high resolution based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed by combining a fiber loop ring down (FLRD) technology. When a light pulse enters and circulates in the fiber loop, it experiences a little loss each time as it paases through the sensor head. The ring‐dong time of the system would be altered by intensity loss near the sensor head, which is related to the size of the strain. The experimental results show that the FBG strain sensor with a high resolution is achieved by monitoring the ring‐down time, due to the more precision time measurement compared with the wavelength measurement. In the 0–1250 με strain range, the sensitivity ranged from 5.82 to 20.82 ns/με, and the theoretical best resolution is obtained as 0.24 με. The system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reflective sensor head, and high resolution.
Low‐temperature processable glass fiber reinforced aromatic diamine chain extended bismaleimide composites with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Srinivasan Sivaprakash , Saravanamuthu Siva Kaylasa Sundari , Syed Mohammed Shamim Rishwana , Jeyaraj Pandian Dhanalakshmi , Chinnaswamy Thangavel Vijayakumar
Published: June 2022

The synthesis of 4,4′‐bismaleimido diphenylmethane (BMIM) and modified BMIM by its chain extension using commercially available aromatic diamines like 4,4′‐diamino diphenyl methane (DDM), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS), and 4,4′‐diamine diphenyl ether (DDE) was done. The synthesized materials have been characterized for structural aspects using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structure of BMIM was confirmed due to the presence of specific bands at ~1400 and 1705 cm−1 responsible for CC and OCNCO groups, respectively. The reduction in the heat of fusion and enthalpy of curing for chain extended bismaleimides/modified BMIM shows the influence of the swivel group in diamine during curing. The curing window has broadened for BMIM_M and BMIM_E by ~40°C and narrowed for BMIM_S by ~100°C. The mechanical properties and the chemical resistance were studied for the composites made from the BMIM and modified BMIM based composites. Fiber‐enhanced modified bismaleimide resin has improved mechanical properties.
Investigating the relationship between harm and over‐ or under‐treatment of frail patients living with diabetes, admitted to hospital
Authors: O'Neil Helen , Pearce Mark , Husband Andy , Todd Adam
Published: June 2022

Older people living with diabetes have higher rates of mortality, functional disability and comorbidities, and are at greater risk of falls, cognitive impairment and polypharmacy. Despite recent guidelines, there is still a general lack of recognition of the need to tailor diabetes care for older people.

Aim: To investigate if older patients, who are frail and have diabetes when admitted to hospital, are being treated to the correct blood glucose targets and to observe if those over‐ or under‐treated suffer any harm.

Method: Data from 101 patients ≥65 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and assessed as frail on admission were analysed. The primary outcome was to assess if the patients’ most recent HbA1c was in the correct target range for their level of frailty.

Results: Forty‐six (46%) patients were deemed to be over‐treated. Patients with a higher HbA1c had increased length of stay (p = 0.036) and re‐admission rates (p = 0.008). Under‐treated patients were significantly more likely to have a higher blood glucose on admission (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion: Frail older patients living with diabetes are often not treated within the correct target HbA1c range, which can lead to harm, highlighting the need for individualised care and regular review. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Safety and effectiveness of NMDA receptor antagonists for depression: A multidisciplinary review
Authors: Moore Thomas J. , Alami Abdallah , Alexander G. Caleb , Mattison Donald R.
Published: June 2022

Ketamine, an anesthetic available since 1970, and esketamine, its newer S‐enantiomer, provide a novel approach for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. At subanesthetic doses, the two drugs, along with their older congener, phencyclidine (PCP), induce a transient, altered mental state by blocking the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor for glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. This multidisciplinary review examines the pharmacology/direct effects on consciousness, effectiveness in depression and acute suicidality, and safety of these fast‐acting NMDA antagonists. To capture the essence of 60 years of peer‐reviewed literature, we used a semi‐structured approach to the subtopics, each of which required a different search strategy. We review the evidence for the three primary reported benefits of the two clinical drugs when used for depression: success in difficult‐to‐treat patients, rapid onset of action within a day, and immediate effects on suicidality. Key safety issues include the evidence—and lack thereof—for the effects of repeatedly inducing this altered mental state, and whether an adequate safety margin exists to rule out the neurotoxic effects seen in animal studies. This review includes evidence from multiple sources that raise substantial questions about both safety and effectiveness of ketamine and esketamine for psychiatric disorders.
High‐throughput phenotyping for breeding targets—Current status and future directions of strawberry trait automation
Authors: James Katherine Margaret Frances , Sargent Daniel James , Whitehouse Adam , Cielniak Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Strawberry breeders are faced with increasing demands by propagators, growers, retailers and consumers for particular agronomic traits. This and the volume of plants requiring assessment during selection constrain breeders to rapid and qualitative rating methods. High‐throughput systems for assessing these traits automatically could indicate which families, or individual genotypes, should be singled out for further, more thorough evaluation, thus significantly increasing the selection intensity and accuracy. This review assesses the current status of and future potential for automated phenotyping in strawberry crops, highlighting key advances and the gaps which need to be addressed to facilitate the development of such technology.

Summary

Automated image‐based phenotyping has become widely accepted in crop phenotyping, particularly in cereal crops, yet few traits used by breeders in the strawberry industry have been automated. Early phenotypic assessment remains largely qualitative in this area since the manual phenotyping process is laborious and domain experts are constrained by time. Precision agriculture, facilitated by robotic technologies, is increasing in the strawberry industry, and the development of quantitative automated phenotyping methods is essential to ensure that breeding programs remain economically competitive. In this review, we investigate the external morphological traits relevant to the breeding of strawberries that have been automated and assess the potential for automation of traits that are still evaluated manually, highlighting challenges and limitations of the approaches used, particularly when applying high‐throughput strawberry phenotyping in real‐world environmental conditions.
Glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes and their function associated with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis
Authors: Tao Fei , Si Feng‐Ling , Hong Rui , He Xiu , Li Xiang‐Ying , Qiao Liang , He Zheng‐Bo , Yan Zhen‐Tian , He Shu‐Lin , Chen Bin
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs), a multifunctional protein family, are involved in insecticide resistance. However, a systematic analysis of GSTs in Anopheles sinensis, an important vector for malaria transmission, is lacking. In this study, we investigated the diversity and characteristics of GST genes, and analyzed their expression patterns and functions associated with insecticide resistance in this species.

RESULTS

We identified 32 putative cytosolic and three putative microsomal GST genes in the An. sinensis genome. Transcriptome analysis showed that GSTs were highly expressed in larvae, and mainly expressed in the antennae, midgut and Malpighian tubules of adults. In addition, we found that GSTd2 and GSTe2 were significantly upregulated in four An. sinensis pyrethroid‐resistant field populations. Furthermore, silencing of GSTd2 and GSTe2 significantly increased the susceptibility of An. sinensis to deltamethrin, and recombinant GSTd2 and GSTe2 exhibited high enzymatic activity in the metabolism of 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT).

CONCLUSION

These results showed that GSTs are involved in the development of insecticide resistance in An. sinensis through transcriptional overexpression and enzymatic metabolization, facilitating our understanding of insecticide resistance in insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Surface Design Strategy of Catalysts for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhou Binghui , Gao Ruijie , Zou Ji‐Jun , Yang Huaming
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen, a new energy carrier that can replace traditional fossil fuels, is seen as one of the most promising clean energy sources. The use of renewable electricity to drive hydrogen production has very broad prospects for addressing energy and environmental problems. Therefore, many researchers favor electrolytic water due to its green and low‐cost advantages. The electrolytic water reaction comprises the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Understanding the OER and HER mechanisms in acidic and alkaline processes contributes to further studying the design of surface regulation of electrolytic water catalysts. The OER and HER catalysts are mainly reviewed for defects, doping, alloying, surface reconstruction, crystal surface structure, and heterostructures. Besides, recent catalysts for overall water splitting are also reviewed. Finally, this review paves the way to the rational design and synthesis of new materials for highly efficient electrocatalysis.
Characterization and Adsorption Properties of Starch‐Based Nanocomposite for Removal of Simulated Low‐Level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Mahmoud Ghada A. , Abdel‐Geleel Mohamed , Badway Nagwa A. , Farha Samia A. Abo , Alshafei Esraa A.
Published: June 2022

In this study, a nanocomposite of Bismuth/2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate/Starch (Bi/DMAEMA/Starch) is synthesized using ionizing radiation. The prepared nanocomposite is characterized and compared with the parent (DMAEMA/St) hydrogel using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence of nanoparticles is confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The prepared nanocomposite is used to remove Cobalt ions (Co2+) from their wastes as a simulation of radioactive waste management. The optimization of effective parameters such as initial pH values, contact time, concentration, and temperature (°C) on the adsorption process is studied. The results prove that the Langmuir isothermal model describes well the absorption process. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model is suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo, ΔGo, and ΔSo) are evaluated for the adsorbent systems. The prepared nanocomposite shows potential behavior for the removal of Co2+ ions.
Creating law to seek information and protect the public, Part 3
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: June 2022

§99.31 Under what conditions is prior consent not required to disclose information?
Income share agreements offer upskilling opportunities for adult learners
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2022

SAN DIEGO — “There are always going to be resources for unemployed people. But where are the resources for those people who make minimum wage, or just above minimum wage? In San Diego, that's not going to take you far,” said Alastair Penny, Senior Manager at the San Diego Workforce Partnership. One such resource to help educate more of your community might be to invest in, or partner with, an organization that offers an income share agreement for college education.
Dacryops with dacryolithiasis in a dog
Authors: Susanti Lina , Go Seokmin , Go Du‐Min , Woo Sang‐Ho , Seo Kangmoon , Kang Seonmi
Published: June 2022

Background

A 10‐year‐old castrated male Maltese dog was presented with chronic swelling that had been present for at least 5 years in the medial canthus of the right eye (OD).

Objectives

To describe the treatment outcome of dacryops with dacryolithiasis.

Methods

Bilateral patency of the nasolacrimal system was confirmed by flushing of both upper and lower puncta. Ocular ultrasonography revealed a well‐defined, oval‐shaped, heterogeneous mass with several hyperechoic foci. Dacryocystorhinography revealed no connection between the mass and lacrimal canaliculus. Gentle blunt dissection of the fibrous connective tissue around the cystic mass was performed. The mass was removed, which intraluminally contained multiple calculi.

Results

Histopathologically, the cystic structure was lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and surrounded by smooth muscle actin positive myoepithelial cells consistent with dacryops derived from the lacrimal glandular ductal system. In addition, several spherical basophilic minerals were observed in the lumen, which were identified as dacryoliths.

Conclusion

Surgical removal of this dacryops with dacryolithiasis was curative without recurrence after four months.