bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional considerations in major depressive disorder: current evidence and functional testing for clinical practice
Authors: Khiroya Kathryn , Sekyere Eric , McEwen Bradley , Bayes Jessica
Published: November 2023

Depression is a multifaceted condition with diverse underlying causes. Several contributing and inter-related factors such as genetic, nutritional, neurological, physiological, gut-brain-axis, metabolic and psychological stress factors play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. This review aims to highlight the role that nutritional factors play in the aetiology of depression. Secondly, we discuss the biomedical and functional pathology tests which measure these factors, and the current evidence supporting their use. Lastly, we make recommendations on how practitioners can incorporate the latest evidence-based research findings into clinical practice. This review highlights that diet and nutrition greatly affect the pathophysiology of depression. Nutrients influence gene expression, with folate and vitamin B12 playing vital roles in methylation reactions and homocysteine regulation. Nutrients are also involved in the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Additionally, diet influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response and the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, both of which have been implicated in depression. A comprehensive dietary assessment, combined with appropriate evaluation of biochemistry and blood pathology, may help uncover contributing factors to depressive symptoms. By employing such an approach, a more targeted and personalised treatment strategy can be devised, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
United we thrive: friendship and subsequent physical, behavioural and psychosocial health in older adults (an outcome-wide longitudinal approach)
Authors: Kim E. S. , Chopik W. J. , Chen Y. , Wilkinson R. , VanderWeele T. J.
Published: November 2023

Aims

Three factors converge to underscore the heightened importance of evaluating the potential health/well-being effects of friendships in older adulthood. First, policymakers, scientists, and the public alike are recognizing the importance of social relationships for health/well-being and creating national policies to promote social connection. Second, many populations are rapidly aging throughout the world. Third, we currently face what some call a ‘friendship recession’. Although, growing research documents associations between friendship with better health and well-being, friendship can also have a ‘dark side’ and can potentially promote negative outcomes. To better capture friendship’s potential heterogeneous effects, we took an outcome-wide analytic approach.

Methods

We analysed data from 12,998 participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) – a prospective and nationally representative cohort of U.S. adults aged >50, and, evaluated if increases in friendship strength (between t0; 2006/2008 and t1; 2010/2012) were associated with better health/well-being across 35 outcomes (in t2; 2014/2016). To assess friendship strength, we leveraged all available friendship items in HRS and created a composite ‘friendship score’ that assessed the following three domains: (1) friendship network size, (2) friendship network contact frequency and (3) friendship network quality.

Results

Stronger friendships were associated with better outcomes on some indicators of physical health (e.g. reduced risk of mortality), health behaviours (e.g. increased physical activity) and nearly all psychosocial indicators (e.g. higher positive affect and mastery, as well as lower negative affect and risk of depression). Friendship was also associated with increased likelihood of smoking and heavy drinking (although the latter association with heavy drinking did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that stronger friendships can have a dual impact on health and well-being. While stronger friendships appear to mainly promote a range of health and well-being outcomes, stronger friendships might also promote negative outcomes. Additional research is needed, and any future friendship interventions and policies that aim to enhance outcomes should focus on how to amplify positive outcomes while mitigating harmful ones.
Seasonal and Interannual Variations in the Schumann Resonance Observed in the ELF Electromagnetic Networks in China
Authors: Han B. , Tang J. , Zhao G. Z. , Wang L. F. , Dong Z. Y. , Xu Y. C.
Published: November 2023

Based on 9 years of quasi‐continuous data observed at extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic stations, the long‐term variations of Schumann resonances (SRs) are compared and analyzed. We obtained two major parameters, namely the peak intensity and peak frequencies by Lorentz fitting and focus on their seasonal and interannual variations of the first three modes in 10 stations. Fengning station was taken as an example to show the seasonal variations of the intensity and frequency of each electromagnetic component and each mode of SR, with the intensity reaching the maximum in Northern Hemisphere summer and minimum in winter; while the frequency has an inverse phase. And the amount they change from summer to winter also shows different characteristics. The interannual variation of the 10 stations shows the unified law of change in the magnetic field than in the electric field. Finally, in conjunction with observations from other regions of the globe, the periodic intensity variation and migration of the lighting activities were considered the dominant controlling factors for the SR parameters. And by comparing with the El Niño index and solar X‐radiation flux, the strong links between SR parameters and the 11‐year solar cycle are confirmed, and intensity enhanced under the influence the 2015/2016 super E1 Niño phenomenon.
Investigating Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over India Using Multimodel Simulations of Gross Primary Productivity and Satellite‐Based Biophysical Product
Authors: Uchale Gayatri , Deb Burman Pramit Kumar , Tiwari Yogesh K. , Datye Amey , Sarkar Aharna
Published: November 2023

Terrestrial ecosystems play a central role in the global carbon cycle and climate mitigation due to their offering of a large carbon sink. More than one‐fifth of the geographical area of India, one of the largest nations on the Earth, is forested, which is highly diverse in vegetation and climate types, offers huge potential for carbon sequestration, but remains vulnerable to climate change. Hence, it is imperative to know the future changes in the terrestrial carbon budget over this region. Gross primary productivity (GPP) represents the carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems. The multimodel ensembles of GPP simulated by the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) provide a useful means in this regard. In this work, we study the strength and variability of GPP over India in the near‐past and future using these simulations. In future, all the models show an increasing trend in GPP, however, with widely varying trends. The preferred month of carbon uptake differs among the models. A comparison with a satellite biophysical record shows the models underestimated the GPP during the near‐past over India. The carbon uptake in the Eastern Himalaya dominates the Western Himalaya and central Indian regions. Specifically, till 2100, the growth rate of GPP varies from 4.9 to 16.69 gC m−2 y−2, from 2.47 to 18.91 gC m−2 y−2, and from 0.32 to 21.95 gC m−2 y−2 over these three regions, respectively.
Evaluation of pragmatic oxygenation measurement as a proxy for Covid-19 severity
Authors: Swets Maaike C. , Kerr Steven , Scott-Brown James , Brown Adam B. , Gupta Rishi , Millar Jonathan E. , Spata Enti , McCurrach Fiona , Bretherick Andrew D. , Docherty Annemarie , Harrison David , Rowan Kathy , Young Neil ,   ISARIC4C Investigators, Groeneveld Geert H. , Dunning Jake , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S. , Openshaw Peter , Horby Peter W. , Harrison Ewen , Staplin Natalie , Semple Malcolm G. , Lone Nazir , Baillie J. Kenneth
Published: November 2023

Choosing optimal outcome measures maximizes statistical power, accelerates discovery and improves reliability in early-phase trials. We devised and evaluated a modification to a pragmatic measure of oxygenation function, the $$S/F$$
S
/
F
ratio. Because of the ceiling effect in oxyhaemoglobin saturation, $$S/F$$
S
/
F
ratio ceases to reflect pulmonary oxygenation function at high $${S}_{p}{O}_{2}$$

S

p

O

2

values. We found that the correlation of $$S/F$$
S
/
F
with the reference standard ($${P}_{a}{O}_{2}$$

P

a

O

2

/$${F}_{I}{O}_{2}$$

F

I

O

2

ratio) improves substantially when excluding $${S}_{p}{O}_{2} > 0.94$$

S

p

O

2

>
0.94
and refer to this measure as $$S/{F}_{94}$$
S
/

F

94

. Using observational data from 39,765 hospitalised COVID-19 patients, we demonstrate that $$S/{F}_{94}$$
S
/

F

94

is predictive of mortality, and compare the sample sizes required for trials using four different outcome measures. We show that a significant difference in outcome could be detected with the smallest sample size using $$S/{F}_{94}$$
S
/

F

94

. We demonstrate that $$S/{F}_{94}$$
S
/

F

94

is an effective intermediate outcome measure in COVID-19. It is a non-invasive measurement, representative of disease severity and provides greater statistical power.
Topotactically transformable antiphase boundaries with enhanced ionic conductivity
Authors: Xu Kun , Hung Shih-Wei , Si Wenlong , Wu Yongshun , Huo Chuanrui , Yu Pu , Zhong Xiaoyan , Zhu Jing
Published: November 2023

Engineering lattice defects have emerged as a promising approach to effectively modulate the functionality of devices. Particularly, antiphase boundaries (APBs) as planar defects have been considered major obstacles to optimizing the ionic conductivity of mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) in solid oxide fuel applications. Here our study identifies topotactically transformable APBs (tt-APBs) at the atomic level and demonstrates that they exhibit higher ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures as compared to perfect domains. In-situ observation at the atomic scale tracks dynamic oxygen migration across these tt-APBs, where the abundant interstitial sites between tetrahedrons facilitate the ionic migration. Furthermore, annealing in an oxidized atmosphere can lead to the formation of interstitial oxygen at these APBs. These pieces of evidence clearly clarify that the tt-APBs can contribute to oxygen conductivity as anion diffusion channels, while the topotactically non-transformable APBs cannot. The topotactic transformability opens the way of defect engineering strategies for improving ionic transportation in MIECs.
Fatty acid desaturation and lipoxygenase pathways support trained immunity
Authors: Ferreira Anaísa V. , Alarcon-Barrera Juan Carlos , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Bulut Özlem , Kilic Gizem , Debisarun Priya A. , Röring Rutger J. , Özhan Hatice N. , Terschlüsen Eva , Ziogas Athanasios , Kostidis Sarantos , Mohammed Yassene , Matzaraki Vasiliki , Renieris George , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Netea Mihai G. , Giera Martin
Published: November 2023

Infections and vaccines can induce enhanced long-term responses in innate immune cells, establishing an innate immunological memory termed trained immunity. Here, we show that monocytes with a trained immunity phenotype, due to exposure to the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, are characterized by an increased biosynthesis of different lipid mediators (LM) derived from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Pharmacological and genetic approaches show that long-chain PUFA synthesis and lipoxygenase-derived LM are essential for the BCG-induced trained immunity responses of human monocytes. Furthermore, products of 12-lipoxygenase activity increase in monocytes of healthy individuals after BCG vaccination. Grasping the underscoring lipid metabolic pathways contributes to our understanding of trained immunity and may help to identify therapeutic tools and targets for the modulation of innate immune responses.
Single-cell CRISPR screens in vivo map T cell fate regulomes in cancer
Authors: Zhou Peipei , Shi Hao , Huang Hongling , Sun Xiang , Yuan Sujing , Chapman Nicole M. , Connelly Jon P. , Lim Seon Ah , Saravia Jordy , KC Anil , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Chi Hongbo
Published: November 2023

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) orchestrate antitumour immunity and exhibit inherent heterogeneity1,2, with precursor exhausted T (Tpex) cells but not terminally exhausted T (Tex) cells capable of responding to existing immunotherapies3–7. The gene regulatory network that underlies CTL differentiation and whether Tex cell responses can be functionally reinvigorated are incompletely understood. Here we systematically mapped causal gene regulatory networks using single-cell CRISPR screens in vivo and discovered checkpoints for CTL differentiation. First, the exit from quiescence of Tpex cells initiated successive differentiation into intermediate Tex cells. This process is differentially regulated by IKAROS and ETS1, the deficiencies of which dampened and increased mTORC1-associated metabolic activities, respectively. IKAROS-deficient cells accumulated as a metabolically quiescent Tpex cell population with limited differentiation potential following immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Conversely, targeting ETS1 improved antitumour immunity and ICB efficacy by boosting differentiation of Tpex to intermediate Tex cells and metabolic rewiring. Mechanistically, TCF-1 and BATF are the targets for IKAROS and ETS1, respectively. Second, the RBPJ–IRF1 axis promoted differentiation of intermediate Tex to terminal Tex cells. Accordingly, targeting RBPJ enhanced functional and epigenetic reprogramming of Tex cells towards the proliferative state and improved therapeutic effects and ICB efficacy. Collectively, our study reveals that promoting the exit from quiescence of Tpex cells and enriching the proliferative Tex cell state act as key modalities for antitumour effects and provides a systemic framework to integrate cell fate regulomes and reprogrammable functional determinants for cancer immunity.
CenSoc: Public Linked Administrative Mortality Records for Individual-level Research
Authors: Breen Casey F. , Osborne Maria , Goldstein Joshua R.
Published: November 2023

In the United States, much has been learned about the determinants of longevity from survey data and aggregated tabulations. However, the lack of large-scale, individual-level administrative mortality records has proven to be a barrier to further progress. We introduce the CenSoc datasets, which link the complete-count 1940 U.S. Census to Social Security mortality records. These datasets—CenSoc-DMF (N = 4.7 million) and CenSoc-Numident (N = 7.0 million)—primarily cover deaths among individuals aged 65 and older. The size and richness of CenSoc allows investigators to make new discoveries into geographic, racial, and class-based disparities in old-age mortality in the United States. This article gives an overview of the technical steps taken to construct these datasets, validates them using external aggregate mortality data, and discusses best practices for working with these datasets. The CenSoc datasets are publicly available, enabling new avenues of research into the determinants of mortality disparities in the United States.
P-wave indices and left atrial mechanics as predictors of atrial cardiopathy in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Masood Samia , Ashraf Syed Mohammad Kamil , Malik Mohammad Azharuddin , Wahab Shagufta
Published: November 2023

Recent research has shed light on the culpability of LA (left atrial) abnormality, in the form of atrial cardiopathy, as an independent risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation, LA thrombus and subsequent stroke. The aim of this study was to measure LA electromechanical dissociation (EMD), LA volumes, P-wave dispersion (PWD) and P-wave terminal force in V1 (PTFV1) as markers of atrial cardiopathy in patients with ESUS (embolic stroke of undetermined source), to determine whether atrial cardiopathy is an integral part in the causal pathway of ESUS. 28 patients presenting with ischemic stroke and fulfilling the criteria for ESUS were enrolled into this cross-sectional, observational study along with a control group of 28 age- and gender-matched apparently healthy individuals. On ECG, PWD and PTFV1 were measured. On echocardiography, LA EMD and LA volumes were recorded. Increased PWD (34.14 ± 9.89 ms vs. 27.32 ± 8.95 ms; p = 0.01), atrial EMD (73.32 ± 16.31 ms vs. 63.63 ± 13.59 ms; p = 0.02) and LA volumes were observed in patients with ESUS as compared to controls. A significant correlation was also found between these parameters (p < 0.01). According to the results of our study, PWD, atrial EMD and LA volumes may be novel predictors for ESUS. Our results support the notion that atrial cardiopathy is a distinct mechanism of thrombosis in ESUS patients. Further research is required to clarify its function in the causation of stroke, ESUS in particular.
Effect of FTY720P on lipid accumulation in HEPG2 cells
Authors: Rida Reem , Kreydiyyeh Sawsan
Published: November 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic lipid accumulation due to impaired lipid metabolism. Although a correlation was found between NAFLD and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the role of the sphingolipid remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any involvement of S1P in steatosis using its analog FTY720P and HepG2 cells. Lipid accumulation was induced by incubating the cells in a mixture of oleic and palmitic acid, and was quantified using Oil Red O. The involvement of signaling mediators was studied using pharmacological inhibitors and western blot analysis. FTY720P increased lipid accumulation, but this increase wasn’t maintained in the presence of inhibitors of S1PR3, Gq, SREBP, mTOR, PI3K, and PPARγ indicating their involvement in the process. The results revealed that FTY720P binds to S1PR3 which activates sequentially Gq, PI3K, and mTOR leading to an increase in SREBP expression and PPARγ activation. It was concluded that in presence of a high level of fatty acids, lipid accumulation is increased in hepatocytes by the exogenously added FTY720P.
Optimization of Y and T-shaped microchannels for liquid–liquid extraction
Authors: Morshedaski Negah , Raji Farshad , Rahbar-Kelishami Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Solvent extraction on a micro-scale has received much attention due to its advantages in recent years. The purpose of this research is to compare the inlet geometry of T and Y-shaped microchannels. In this research, solvent extraction of Crystal Violet (CV) was investigated using Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extractor and hexane solvent in Y and T-shaped microchannels with lengths of 4, 6, and 8 cm. The effect of parameters such as inlet geometry, length of microchannels (4–8 cm), dye solution pH (3–11), flow rate (1–1.5 mL/h) and the concentration of CV (25–75 ppm) was investigated. The Results showed that under the same conditions, Y-shaped microchannel performance is better than T-shaped microchannel. pH of dye solution phase, flow rate, inlet CV concentration, and microchannel length were obtained as optimal conditions for extraction, 10.9, 1.1 mL/h, 46.4 ppm, and 7.6 cm, respectively, and the amount of extraction, in this case, was % 97/96 was obtained.
A depth iterative illumination estimation network for low-light image enhancement based on retinex theory
Authors: Chen Yongqiang , Wen Chenglin , Liu Weifeng , He Wei
Published: November 2023

Existing low-light image enhancement techniques face challenges in achieving high visual quality and computational efficiency, as well as in effectively removing noise and adjusting illumination in extremely dark scenes. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose an illumination enhancement network based on Retinex theory for fast and accurate brightening of images in low-illumination scenes. Two learning-based networks are carefully constructed: decomposition network and enhancement network. The decomposition network is responsible for decomposing the low-light input image into the initial reflectance and illumination map. The enhanced network includes two sub-modules: the illumination enhancement module and the reflection denoising module, which are used for efficient brightness enhancement and accurate reflectance. Specially, we have established a cascaded iterative lighting learning process and utilized weight sharing to conduct accurate illumination estimation. Additionally, unsupervised training losses are defined to improve the generalization ability of the model. The proposed illumination enhancement framework enables noise suppression and detail preservation of the final decomposition results. To establish the efficacy and superiority of the model, on the widely applicable LOL dataset, our approach achieves a significant 9.16% increase in PSNR compared to the classical Retinex-Net, and a remarkable enhancement of 19.26% compared to the latest SCI method.
Engineering the structural and electrical interplay of nanostructured Au resistive switching networks by controlling the forming process
Authors: Nadalini Giacomo , Borghi Francesca , Košutová Tereza , Falqui Andrea , Ludwig Nicola , Milani Paolo
Published: November 2023

Networks of random-assembled gold clusters produced in the gas phase show resistive switching (RS) activity at room temperature and they are suitable for the fabrication of devices for neuromorphic data processing and classification. Fully connected cluster-assembled nanostructured Au films are characterized by a granular structure rich of interfaces, grain boundaries and crystalline defects. Here we report a systematic characterization of the electroforming process of the cluster-assembled films demonstrating how this process affects the interplay between the nano- and mesoscale film structure and the neuromorphic characteristics of the resistive switching activity. The understanding and the control of the influence of the resistive switching forming process on the organization of specific structures at different scales of the cluster-assembled films, provide the possibility to engineer random-assembled neuromorphic architectures for data processing task.
AI-enabled routine H&E image based prognostic marker for early-stage luminal breast cancer
Authors: Wahab Noorul , Toss Michael , Miligy Islam M. , Jahanifar Mostafa , Atallah Nehal M. , Lu Wenqi , Graham Simon , Bilal Mohsin , Bhalerao Abhir , Lashen Ayat G. , Makhlouf Shorouk , Ibrahim Asmaa Y. , Snead David , Minhas Fayyaz , Raza Shan E. Ahmed , Rakha Emad , Rajpoot Nasir
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer (BC) grade is a well-established subjective prognostic indicator of tumour aggressiveness. Tumour heterogeneity and subjective assessment result in high degree of variability among observers in BC grading. Here we propose an objective Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) image-based prognostic marker for early-stage luminal/Her2-negative BReAst CancEr that we term as the BRACE marker. The proposed BRACE marker is derived from AI based assessment of heterogeneity in BC at a detailed level using the power of deep learning. The prognostic ability of the marker is validated in two well-annotated cohorts (Cohort-A/Nottingham: n = 2122 and Cohort-B/Coventry: n = 311) on early-stage luminal/HER2-negative BC patients treated with endocrine therapy and with long-term follow-up. The BRACE marker is able to stratify patients for both distant metastasis free survival (p = 0.001, C-index: 0.73) and BC specific survival (p < 0.0001, C-index: 0.84) showing comparable prediction accuracy to Nottingham Prognostic Index and Magee scores, which are both derived from manual histopathological assessment, to identify luminal BC patients that may be likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Multiphase turbulent flow explains lightning rings in volcanic plumes
Authors: Ichihara Mie , Mininni Pablo D. , Ravichandran S. , Cimarelli Corrado , Vagasky Chris
Published: November 2023

Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH), a submarine caldera volcano of the Tonga archipelago, erupted explosively on January 15, 2022. The eruption generated the highest concentration of lightning events ever recorded, producing characteristic ring patterns of electrical discharges concentric to the vent. Here we reproduce the key features of the observations using three-dimensional simulations of buoyant plumes in a stably stratified atmosphere. Our idealized minimal model based on the Boussinesq approximation and heavy particles reveals that the essential mechanism underlying the formation of lightning rings is turbulence-induced particle clustering, which generates structures, favorable conditions for charge concentration by particle collision. We propose that the location, size, and persistence of lightning ring structures can reveal pulsatory activity at the vent that the opaque ash cloud hides from the satellite observation and can be used as a proxy for eruption parameters regulating the generation of hazardous impacts on the environment.
Celestial compass sensor mimics the insect eye for navigation under cloudy and occluded skies
Authors: Gkanias Evripidis , Mitchell Robert , Stankiewicz Jan , Khan Sadeque Reza , Mitra Srinjoy , Webb Barbara
Published: November 2023

Insects use the sun’s position (even when concealed) as a compass for navigation by filtering celestial light intensity and polarisation through their compound eyes. To replicate this functionality, we present a sensor that imitates essential aspects of insect eyes, particularly the fan-like arrangement of polarised light receptors in their dorsal rim area. Our sensor comprises a ring of eight pairs of photodiodes (evaluating two orthogonal orientations of polarised light) to analyse the skylight coming from different directions. Because the layout of our sensor aligns with the polarised light pattern in the sky, a circular-mean model that integrates information spatially across the analysers can estimate the solar azimuth. When using the same sensor design, our model achieves lower compass errors than alternative (and computationally more complex) algorithms, especially under cloudy and occluded skies. Thus, the morphology and processing of the insect celestial compass provide an efficient and robust directional input for navigation.
People devalue generative AI’s competence but not its advice in addressing societal and personal challenges
Authors: Böhm Robert , Jörling Moritz , Reiter Leonhard , Fuchs Christoph
Published: November 2023

The release of ChatGPT and related tools have made generative artificial intelligence (AI) easily accessible for the broader public. We conducted four preregistered experimental studies (total N = 3308; participants from the US) to investigate people’s perceptions of generative AI and the advice it generates on how to address societal and personal challenges. The results indicate that when individuals are (vs. are not) aware that the advice was generated by AI, they devalue the author’s competence but not the content or the intention to share and follow the advice on how to address societal challenges (Study 1) and personal challenges (Studies 2a and 2b). Study 3 further shows that individuals’ preference to receive advice from AI (vs. human experts) increases when they gained positive experience with generative AI advice in the past. The results are discussed regarding the nature of AI aversion in the context of generative AI and beyond.
High-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR metabolic profiling with spatially localized spectroscopy under slow sample spinning
Authors: Wong Alan
Published: November 2023

An effective and straightforward approach to metabolic profiling of soft tissue with spatial and chemical shift resolution.
The supramolecular frameworks and electrocatalytic properties of two new structurally diverse tertiary phosphane-appended nickel(ii) and copper(i) thiosquarates
Authors: Srivastava Devyani , Kushwaha Aparna , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Gosavi Suresh W. , Chauhan Ratna , Kumar Abhinav , Muddassir Mohd.
Published: November 2023

Structurally diverse tertiary phosphane-appended Cu(i) and Ni(ii) 3-ethoxycyclobutenedione-4-thiolates as molecular electrocatalysts for the OER and HER.
A dual pesticide–fertilizer silicon-base nanocomposite to synergistically control fungal disease and provide nutrition
Authors: Wang Meijing , Hu Zhongxuan , Yang Tingze , Pei Hongling , Zhang Fang
Published: November 2023

The mixed utilization of pesticides and fertilizers plays an important role in the prevention of plant diseases and in providing nutrients for crop growth.
Colloidal stability of hematite nanoparticles in the presence of a common quaternary ammonium compound at environmentally-relevant concentrations
Authors: Aruguete Deborah M. , Zhuang Andy , Canonaco Cameron , Sheckler Trevor , Schmidt Corryn , Borgohain Rituraj
Published: November 2023

The stability of a model environmental nanomineral, colloidal hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles, can be strongly affected by environmentally-relevant levels of quaternary ammonium surfactants, a surfactant present in ubiquitous daily-use household products.
The heterogeneous reactions of toluene/O3/NH3 on hematite nanoparticles: the impact of light illumination on organic ammonium salt formation
Authors: Liu Xin , He Xiang , Ma Zhi-Cheng , Xi Xi , Wang Shuang-Xi
Published: November 2023

The intensity of light illumination played an important role in the formation of organic ammonium salts on nano-hematite.
Nylon fabric coated with a silver nanowire network covered by graphene oxide sheets serves as an electrostatic air filter for highly efficient particulate matter removal
Authors: Janprommin Siwaporn , Narakaew Samroeng , Utara Songkot , Sommana Jutatip , Chaisena Aphiruk
Published: November 2023

The network of silver nanowires coated with graphene oxide sheets, which are deposited on nylon fabric, will offer valuable information pertaining to the development of an electrostatic air filter for solving air pollution.
Investigation of the allergenicity alterations of shrimp tropomyosin as glycated by glucose and maltotriose containing advanced glycation end products
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhang Ziye , Liu Lichun , Li Zhenxing , Lin Hong
Published: November 2023

The glycation of TM by glucose can reduce the allergenicity and lead to weaker allergic reactions, while the glycation of TM by maltotriose leads to a stronger allergenicity and exacerbates allergic reactions.
A high-dimensional in-sensor reservoir computing system with optoelectronic memristors for high-performance neuromorphic machine vision
Authors: Jang Yoon Ho , Han Joon-Kyu , Moon Sangik , Shim Sung Keun , Han Janguk , Cheong Sunwoo , Lee Soo Hyung , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: November 2023

A high-dimensional in-sensor reservoir computing system with optoelectronic memristors is demonstrated utilizing optical and electrical masks. Handwritten digit classification and human action recognition are successfully achieved with high accuracy.
Carbon sphere doped CdS quantum dots served as a dye degrader and their bactericidal behavior analysed with in silico molecular docking analysis
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Naz Misbah , Haider Ali , Shahzadi Iram , Mehboob Hafiz Umar , Bari Muhammad Ahsaan , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Algaradah Mohammed M. , Al-Anazy Murefah mana
Published: November 2023

We have employed a co-precipitation method to synthesize different concentrations of carbon spheres (CSs) doped with cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) for catalytic reduction and antibacterial applications.
Electrostatic assembly of a multicomponent peptide/amphiphile nanotube
Authors: Linville Jenae J. , Mason McKensie L. , Lopez-Torres Edgar U. , Parquette Jon R.
Published: November 2023

In this work, we describe the integrative co-assembly of two structurally distinct molecules, a peptide and an amphiphilic naphthalene diimide, into a multicomponent nanotube.
Electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion on CoO/CuO nanoarrays using Zn–nitrate batteries
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Qi Gaocan , Yin Ruilian , Liu Qian , Feng Ligang , Feng Xincai , Hu Guangzhi , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun , Liu Wenxian
Published: November 2023

Heterostructured CoO/CuO nanoarrays on Cu foam (CoO/CuO-NA/CF) were rationally synthesized, and exhibits excellent activity for nitrate reduction reaction. Assembled Zn–NO3− battery shows a high-power density of and satisfactory NH3 yield.
Correction: Integrated 4-terminal single-contact nanoelectromechanical relays implemented in a silicon-on-insulator foundry process
Authors: Li Yingying , Worsey Elliott , Bleiker Simon J. , Edinger Pierre , Kulsreshath Mukesh Kumar , Tang Qi , Takabayashi Alain Yuji , Quack Niels , Verheyen Peter , Bogaerts Wim , Gylfason Kristinn B. , Pamunuwa Dinesh , Niklaus Frank
Published: November 2023

Correction for ‘Integrated 4-terminal single-contact nanoelectromechanical relays implemented in a silicon-on-insulator foundry process’ by Yingying Li et al., Nanoscale, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nr03429a.
Imine-linked donor–acceptor metal–organic frameworks for an efficient photocatalytic oxidative coupling reaction
Authors: Xia Ri-Qin , Zhang Tian-E. , Liu Zhen-Na , Wei Rong-Jia , Ning Guo-Hong , Li Dan
Published: November 2023

We report two imine-linked donor–acceptor (D–A) MOFs with Cu(i) cyclic trinuclear units (CTUs) via Schiff base condensations and their high photocatalytic activity for aerobic oxidation reaction of benzylamines.
The progress of in situ technology for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Meng Weidong , Wang Ruotong , An Cuihua , Zhu Xiangdan , Mumyatov Alexander V. , Jing Guoxi , Troshin Pavel A. , Deng Qibo , Zhao Libin , Hu Ning , Liu Shan
Published: November 2023

This paper summarizes and compares the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various characterization techniques for lithium batteries. The challenges faced by various characterization techniques and future development directions are also given.
Photoredox dearomative β-hydroborylation of indoles for the synthesis of borylated indolines
Authors: Jian Yongchan , Wen Fei , Shang Jianping , Li Xiaolong , Liu Zhenyu , An Yuanyuan , Wang Yubin
Published: November 2023

A photocatalysed dearomative β-hydroborylation reaction of indoles and NHC-boranes was developed for the construction of borylated indolines.
Degradation analysis of inverted PM6 (PBDB-T-2F):Y7 (BTP-4CI) solar cells with PDINO and MoO3 as the ETL/HTL
Authors: Sacramento Angel , Abad José L. , Ramírez-Como Magaly , Balderrama Victor S. , Estrada Magali
Published: November 2023

Degradation and photodegradation analyses of iOSCs fabricated with PM6:Y7, PDINO and MoO3 show T90, T80, and T50 values of 2363 h, 2918 h, and >3552 h, respectively, under dark and N2 conditions, and 17 h, 31 h, and 220 h, respectively, according to ISOS-L-1.
Educational Curriculum for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients at the Public Health Center in Salatiga City, Central Java Province
Authors: Kumala Hati Anita , Ari Kristina Susi , Munif Yasin Nanang , Lazuardi Lutfan
Published: November 2023

The efficacy of diabetes mellitus (DM) therapy is not only contingent on the pharmacological agents but also significantly influenced by the depth of patient comprehension regarding therapeutic management. Therefore, designed educational interventions pertinent to individual requirements must be administered, including the intricacies of DM therapy management. This qualitative study was carried out in January February 2023 at 6 Public Health Center in Salatiga City. The investigative method employed was semi-structured interviews, conducted with a cohort of DM patients between the ages of 55 to 65 years, who possessed proficient communicative skills in the Indonesian language, and voluntarily answered each question. Meanwhile, individuals concurrently engaged in healthcare vocations were excluded and the interview process was documented in the form of an audio recording. The results showed that patients still need education regarding proper diet for diabetics including the type, amount, and schedule. Guidance relating to appropriate physical activities catering to DM patients, in conjunction with the discernment of medication indications, potential side effects, storage requisites, and administration protocols, emerged as critical topics. This study stated that DM patients need educational curriculum related to diet/nutrition, physical activity, medicines, and DM complications.
Return on investment of health intervention among diabetic patient: A systematic review
Authors: Ida Krisnadewi Kadek , Ari Kristina Susi , Endarti Dwi , Murti Andayani Tri
Published: November 2023

A strategy for reducing healthcare costs of diabetic mellitus (DM) is by reducingbody weight and blood glucose through lifestyle-modification programs such as intensive lifestyle interventions, mealreplacement programs, and physical activity. A return on investment (ROI) analysis needs to be done to see a program’s effectiveness, which aims to make this program provide benefits, especially in the long term. In this systematic review, the authors describe ROI, the program, the program’s cost, adoption, and implementation. The authors searched the Science Direct, Pubmed, and SAGE databases using the following search terms: ‘Return on Investment’ AND ‘DiabeticMellitus’ and Programs”. Moreover, hand searching identifies further studies. This review includes eight articles, and most articles on lifestyle modification intervention have great ROI; several articles with public health workers have great ROI. The findings show that long-term and program intensity in a long time horizon plays a major role in outcomes and more significant ROI. Programs with lifestyle intervention fellow health workers or CHWs that helped deliver physical activity, education, and dietary had a good impact in lowering diabetes risk.
MRI signs of intracranial hypertension in morbidly obese and normal-weight individuals
Authors: Schmill Lars-Patrick Andreas , Peters Sönke , Juhász Julia , Jansen Olav , Laudes Matthias , Aludin Schekeb
Published: November 2023

Purpose Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is associated with intracranial abnormalities, although not obligatory, which can be detected with cranial MRI. Obesity is an important risk factor for IIH and a pathogenetic link is suspected but the extent to which these MRI signs are already related to obesity has not yet been examined. We investigated whether IIH-MRI signs are present more often in obese individuals with a BMI > 30 kg/m² than in individuals of normal weight.

Materials and Methods Brain MRI of 32 obese and 53 normal-weight participants from the Food-Chain-Plus cohort were analyzed for three main signs of IIH: (I) stenosis of the transverse sinus, (II) increased width of the optic nerve sheath, and (III) reduction of pituitary height. In addition, a scoring system for the MRI signs was applied. Furthermore, tortuosity of the optic nerve and flattening of the posterior globe were considered as additional MRI signs.

Results Obese participants had a significantly higher MRI score (p < 0.001) than those in the normal-weight cohort, with significant differences in quantitative measurements of cerebral venous sinus stenosis (p < 0.001), widening of the optic nerve sheath (p < 0.05), and flattening of the pituitary gland (p < 0.05) also always being observed more frequently and in a more pronounced manner in the obese group. Furthermore, our findings correlated significantly with BMI and proportionately with hip and waist circumference.

Conclusion Obese individuals show a significantly higher prevalence of cerebral MRI signs related to IIH. This supports the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for possible intracranial hypertension and reinforces the suspicion that obesity is involved in the pathomechanism of IIH.

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Brain Tumor Imaging: Review of Conventional and Advanced Techniques
Authors: Campion Andrew , Iv Michael
Published: November 2023

Approaches to central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification and evaluation have undergone multiple iterations over the past few decades, in large part due to our growing understanding of the influence of genetics on tumor behavior and our refinement of brain tumor imaging techniques. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both play a critical role in the diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumors, although MRI has become especially important due to its superior soft tissue resolution. The purpose of this article will be to briefly review the fundamentals of conventional and advanced techniques used in brain tumor imaging. We will also highlight the applications of these imaging tools in the context of commonly encountered tumors based on the most recently updated 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors framework.
Terahertz magnetic susceptibility of pyramid-shaped L10-FePt nanodot arrays
Authors: Zhao Zhikun , Dai Guohong , Wan Shuhan , Yan Weichao , Shen Yun , Deng Xiaohua , Xing Xiangjun
Published: November 2023

Understanding the magnetic states and their dynamics in patterned ferromagnetic materials is of great importance for ultrahigh-density recording from the viewpoints of both fundamental research and practical applications. However, reliable access to magnetization dynamics in magnetic materials and devices on the technologically highly relevant terahertz range remains challenging. Currently, there is a lack of reports on terahertz magnetic susceptibility. Here, through micromagnetic simulations, we study the dynamics of pyramid-shaped, isolated magnetic nanodots and their arrays made of L10-FePt with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Numerical results reveal a significant magnetic response of isolated pyramid nanodots in the terahertz range. Specifically, two resonant modes, namely, a bulk mode and an edge mode, have been identified. For the lateral size above ∼100 nm, the nanodot's bulk mode splits and higher-order modes appear. Furthermore, the calculated spatial Fourier amplitude of resonant modes of nanopyramid arrays exhibits the dependence of lateral size and inter-dot spacing. These findings are expected to open up a promising route to terahertz spintronics utilizing magnetic nanostructures.
Quantitative research on the characteristics of flow field structures after wave-breaking in deep water
Authors: Xue Qingren , Liang Shuxiu , Sun Zhaochen , Xu Yuanyuan , Hu Xinyue
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the results of laboratory experiments conducted for quantitative research into the characteristics of flow field structures after wave-breaking in deep water. The influence of wave-breaking is generally considered as a source term in ocean models, and parameterization of the breaking process is based on feature analysis of the flow field structures after wave-breaking. The breaking waves are generated based on the wave-focusing method. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the velocity of the flow field near the breaking point, and ensemble-averaging is adopted to analyze the stable characteristics of the flow field. These characteristics are related to the intensity of the wave-breaking, which is reflected in the wave energy loss induced by breaking. A quantitative relation is first established between the wave energy loss and the wave parameters. An expression is then derived, which expresses the vertical distribution of horizontal velocity as a function of the wave energy loss, water depth, and horizontal distance from the breaking point. The horizontal momentum-transport is calculated based on the time integral of the horizontal velocity and is found to reflect the effect of stress induced by wave-breaking. The quantitative results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The results directly link the velocity distribution after wave-breaking to the wave parameters in a concise way and support the parameterization of wave-breaking in ocean models.
Exploring miscut angle influence on (100) β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxial films growth: Comparing MOVPE growth with MBE approaches
Authors: Chou Ta-Shun , Rehm Jana , Bin Anooz Saud , Ernst Owen , Akhtar Arub , Galazka Zbigniew , Miller Wolfram , Albrecht Martin , Seyidov Palvan , Fiedler Andreas , Popp Andreas
Published: November 2023

In this work, we explored the growth regime of (100) β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxial films on substrates with different miscut angles (1°, 2°, and 4°) in the MOVPE system. Under a low O2/Ga ratio growth condition, step-flow growth of (100) β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxial films can be maintained up to 3 μm on substrates with different miscut angles. Moreover, the results reveal that the growth rate decreases slightly with decreasing miscut angles, which matches estimation of the Burton–Cabrera–Frank theory and can be explained by the model of adsorption–desorption. By comparing the miscut-dependent growth rates, we give experimental evidence on the fundamental difference between the growth of (100) β-Ga2O3 films by MOVPE and MBE. In addition, a transport model is proposed to explain the desorption process in terms of the boundary layer and the kinetic resistance.
Quantitative magnetization measurements of magnetic particles with FePt standard samples
Authors: Luo Rui , Wang Qian , Lu Yu , Xu Feng , Guo Zhe , Xue Fei , You Long , Liu Jinquan , Luo Pengshun
Published: November 2023

Micrometer-sized magnetic particles have been widely used in magnetic force microscopy, magnetic resonance force microscopy, and bio-sensing. To quantitatively interpret the data obtained with magnetic particles, it is important to know the magnetic properties of the particles. However, the magnetic moment of individual particle is usually too small to be measured by common instruments for samples with large volume. Here, we present a method to characterize magnetic microspheres using patterned FePt thin films as standard samples. The FePt thin film in the L10 phase has perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and the patterned features can be magnetized to near single-domain magnets, which make them suitable standards for magnetic sphere calibration with magnetic force microscopy. Multiple linear regression is used to analyze the frequency shift images and obtain the effective dipole moment of the spheres. The position of the dipole moment is obtained by minimizing the residuals in multiple linear regression with a gradient descent algorithm. Three NdFeB spheres of different diameters were measured. It was found that the magnetization increases with the increase in the diameter of the sphere, possibly due to the weakening of ferromagnetism on the surface.
Effects of unipolar and bipolar charges on the evolution of triplet excitons in π-conjugated PLED
Authors: Bao Xi , Guan Yunxia , Li Wanjiao , Song Jiayi , Chen Lijia , Wang Cheng , Xu Shuang , Peng Keao , Niu Lianbin
Published: November 2023

Understanding and modulating the spin-pair correlation of conjugated polymer materials in π-conjugated polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) plays a crucial role in the development of their applications. We investigated the relationships between the internal hyperfine interactions (HFIs), triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA), and triplet–charge annihilation (TCA) spin evolution processes in π-conjugated PLED. Research has shown that in a unipolar π-conjugated PLED, the “M” shaped ultra-small magnetic field effect is due to the HFI between hole polarons and the spin-mixing process of charge carriers. Under high magnetic fields (15 mT<|B|<350 mT), the TCA process dominates the negative magneto-conductance (MC), and its intensity and sign are not controlled by temperature. In polar π-conjugated PLED, excess carriers can provide conditions for the generation of TCA. Moreover, π-conjugated polymers (emission layers) have relatively strong electron–phonon coupling, which can capture triplet excitons into adjacent organic layers to obtain higher triplet exciton concentrations, resulting in the TTA process. Under low-temperature conditions, excess carriers induce the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) effect to undergo TTA and form P-type delayed fluorescence. This study can provide a new mechanism explanation for the HFI in PLED devices and a new approach for the effective utilization of triplets.