bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humour and Psychological Well-being: The Intervening Role of Gender and Employee Green Engagement
Authors: Khan Naveed R. , Masood Fazeelat
Published: February 2024

Health and well-being are crucial for achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Given growing concerns about workforce well-being and its impact on work-related stress, there is a rising recognition of the significance of validating relationship-oriented human resource practices at work. This study aims to investigate how humour in the workplace acts as a soft cultural factor in human resource management (HRM), impacting psychological well-being and green engagement, while exploring potential gender differences. The study is quantitative in nature and adopts a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from 298 employees working in the banking and finance, education and IT sectors in Pakistan. The results indicate that positive humour significantly predicts both employee green engagement and psychological well-being. Employee green engagement was found to mediate the relationship between positive humour and psychological well-being. Additionally, the study reveals that the impact of positive humour on employee green engagement is more significant among male employees compared to their female counterparts. This research contributes to the soft HRM literature by highlighting humour as a factor for relationship-oriented practices, validates the concept of employee green engagement and offers novel insights into the direct and indirect effects of positive humour on psychological well-being.
Banking with Chatbots: The Role of Demographic and Personality Traits
Authors: Srivastava Praveen , Mishra Niraj , Srivastava Shelly , Shivani Shradha
Published: February 2024

This research seeks to investigate the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, habit and hedonic motivation on behavioural intention in the context of chatbot utilization within the banking industry. Additionally, the study explores the moderation effects of age, gender and personality type on the relationships between behavioural intention and use behaviour. The study employs a quantitative survey of banking customers, and the data have been analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling and artificial neural network. The findings suggest that the use and acceptance of chatbots in banking are influenced by a range of factors, including performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation. The study also reveals that only personality types can moderate the relationship between behavioural intentions and use behaviour. The study provides insights for banks and other financial institutions that are considering the implementation of chatbots as part of their customer service strategy.
Pediatric Death and Family Organ Donation: Bereavement Support Services in One Pediatric Health System
Authors: Gettis Margaret A , Basu Rajit , Welling Stephanie , Wall Eryn , Dutreuil Valerie , Calamaro Christina J
Published: February 2024

Health care providers need to support families and provide resources when facing their child's death and potential organ donation. Aims of this retrospective chart review in a tertiary health care system were: (1) describe characteristics of pediatric organ donors compared to those who were not; (2) determine differences between services utilized by families who selected organ donation versus those who did not. From 2017 to 2023 of 288 pediatric deaths, 76 were organ donors and 212 did not donate. Organ donors’ mean age at admission was 6.3 ± 5.8 years. Thirty-four (44.7%) participated in Honor Walks. Significant differences existed between organ donors and non-organ donors in patients who were diagnosed with SIDS (3.9% vs 13.2%; P = .025). This study provides additional data to help further our understanding of bereavement support services for families making difficult decisions regarding organ donation.
Dental caries, tobacco usage and associated risk factor of dental caries in patients visiting a government hospital in Western, Nepal
Authors: Subedi Krishna , Sigdel Bhawana , Khanal Purna Prasad , Sharma Deepa , Chaudhary Ganesh , Singh Ashish Kunwar , Paneru Sunil
Published: February 2024

Background

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tobacco usage, and associated risk factors for dental caries in patients who visited a government hospital in Western, Nepal.

Methods

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022. Patients above 18 years visiting the dental OPD of a government hospital, and who had provided informed consent were enrolled in the study using a convenience sampling technique. As the study also involved an illiterate population, in that case, informed consent was obtained from their respective legal guardian as well. A pretested standardized, close-ended questionnaire was administered by researchers to gather information regarding the associated risk factors and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was done for dental caries according to the criteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the “DMFT” index (WHO modification 1987). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done and the odds ratio and p-value was calculated. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

A total of 219 participants completed the study with a mean age of 31.73 ± 12.46. The prevalence of dental caries and tobacco was found to be 80.36% and 5.02% respectively. Participants without health insurance had 2.35 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.03–5.36). Not rinsing the mouth after eating sweets was associated with 3.07 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.31–7.18). Those who hadn’t visited a dentist in the past 12 months had lower odds (0.42; 95% CI: 0.18–0.94). Eating fresh fruit daily showed statistically higher odds (2.70; 95% CI: 1.04–6.99) of dental caries. Non-tobacco users had higher odds (14.19; 2.55–78.99) of dental caries.

Conclusion

Dental caries is highly prevalent, while tobacco usage is relatively low. Factors associated with dental caries included lack of health insurance coverage, consumption of fruits once daily, recent dental visits within the past year, not rinsing the mouth with water after consuming sweets, and non-tobacco users.
Blood cytopenias as manifestations of inherited metabolic diseases: a narrative review
Authors: Moutapam-Ngamby—Adriaansen Yannick , Maillot François , Labarthe François , Lioger Bertrand
Published: February 2024

Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMD) encompass a diverse group of rare genetic conditions that, despite their individual rarity, collectively affect a substantial proportion, estimated at as much as 1 in 784 live births. Among their wide-ranging clinical manifestations, cytopenia stands out as a prominent feature. Consequently, IMD should be considered a potential diagnosis when evaluating patients presenting with cytopenia. However, it is essential to note that the existing scientific literature pertaining to the link between IMD and cytopenia is limited, primarily comprising case reports and case series. This paucity of data may contribute to the inadequate recognition of the association between IMD and cytopenia, potentially leading to underdiagnosis. In this review, we synthesize our findings from a literature analysis along with our clinical expertise to offer a comprehensive insight into the clinical presentation of IMD cases associated with cytopenia. Furthermore, we introduce a structured diagnostic approach underpinned by decision-making algorithms, with the aim of enhancing the early identification and management of IMD-related cytopenia.
An efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system based on a multiple sgRNA processing platform in Trichoderma reesei for strain improvement and enzyme production
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Li Kehang , Sun Yu , Yao Cheng , Liu Weifeng , Liu Hong , Zhong Yaohua
Published: February 2024

Background

The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is being employed as a convenient tool for genetic engineering of the industrially important filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. However, multiplex gene editing is still constrained by the sgRNA processing capability, hindering strain improvement of T. reesei for the production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and recombinant proteins.

Results

Here, a CRISPR/Cas9 system based on a multiple sgRNA processing platform was established for genome editing in T. reesei. The platform contains the arrayed tRNA−sgRNA architecture directed by a 5S rRNA promoter to generate multiple sgRNAs from a single transcript by the endogenous tRNA processing system. With this system, two sgRNAs targeting cre1 (encoding the carbon catabolite repressor 1) were designed and the precise deletion of cre1 was obtained, demonstrating the efficiency of sgRNAs processing in the tRNA−sgRNA architecture. Moreover, overexpression of xyr1-A824V (encoding a key activator for cellulase/xylanase expression) at the ace1 (encoding a repressor for cellulase/xylanase expression) locus was achieved by designing two sgRNAs targeting ace1 in the system, resulting in the significantly enhanced production of cellulase (up to 1- and 18-fold on the Avicel and glucose, respectively) and xylanase (up to 11- and 41-fold on the Avicel and glucose, respectively). Furthermore, heterologous expression of the glucose oxidase gene from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9029 at the cbh1 locus with the simultaneous deletion of cbh1 and cbh2 (two cellobiohydrolase coding genes) by designing four sgRNAs targeting cbh1 and cbh2 in the system was acquired, and the glucose oxidase produced by T. reesei reached 43.77 U/mL. Besides, it was found the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) level was decreased in the glucose oxidase-producing strain, which was likely due to the reduction of secretion pressure by deletion of the major endogenous cellulase-encoding genes.

Conclusions

The tRNA−gRNA array-based CRISPR-Cas9 editing system was successfully developed in T. reesei. This system would accelerate engineering of T. reesei for high-level production of enzymes including lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and other recombinant enzymes. Furthermore, it would expand the CRISPR toolbox for fungal genome editing and synthetic biology.
Mapping the distribution of Amblyomma americanum in Georgia, USA
Authors: Bellman Stephanie , Fausett Ellie , Aeschleman Leah , Long Audrey , Roeske Isabella , Pilchik Josie , Piantadosi Anne , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo
Published: February 2024

Background

Amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick, is an aggressive questing species that harbors several pathogens dangerous to humans in the United States. The Southeast in particular has large numbers of this tick due to the combined suitable climate and habitats throughout the region. No studies have estimated the underlying distribution of the lone star tick across the state of Georgia, a state where it is the dominant species encountered.

Methods

Ticks were collected by flagging 198 transects of 750 m2 at 43 state parks and wildlife management areas across the state from March to July of 2022. A suite of climate, landscape, and wildlife variables were assembled, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the association between these environmental factors and the presence of lone star ticks and to predict the distribution of these ticks across the state.

Results

A total of 59/198 (30%) transects sampled contained adult or nymph A. americanum, with the majority of transects containing these ticks (54/59, 91.5%) in forested habitats. The presence of A. americanum was associated with elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on January 1, isothermality, temperature seasonality, and precipitation in the wettest quarter. Vast regions of central, eastern, and southern coastal Georgia (57% of the state) were categorized as suitable habitat for the lone star tick.

Conclusions

This study describes the distribution of the lone star tick across the state of Georgia at a finer scale than the current county-level information available. It identifies specific variables associated with tick presence and provides a map that can be used to target areas for tick prevention messaging and awareness.

Graphical Abstract
Molecular map of disulfidptosis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma: the perspective toward immune microenvironment and prognosis
Authors: Zhao Fangchao , Su Lei , Wang Xuefeng , Luan Jiusong , Zhang Xin , Li Yishuai , Li Shujun , Hu Ling
Published: February 2024

Background

Disulfidptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death that could impact cancer development. Nevertheless, the prognostic significance of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) requires further clarification.

Methods

This study systematically explores the genetic and transcriptional variability, prognostic relevance, and expression profiles of DRGs. Clusters related to disulfidptosis were identified through consensus clustering. We used single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and ESTIMATE to assess the tumor microenvironment (TME) in different subgroups. We conducted a functional analysis of differentially expressed genes between subgroups, which involved gene ontology, the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, and gene set variation analysis, in order to elucidate their functional status. Prognostic risk models were developed using univariate Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Additionally, single-cell clustering and cell communication analysis were conducted to enhance the understanding of the importance of signature genes. Lastly, qRT-PCR was employed to validate the prognostic model.

Results

Two clearly defined DRG clusters were identified through a consensus-based, unsupervised clustering analysis. Observations were made concerning the correlation between changes in multilayer DRG and various clinical characteristics, prognosis, and the infiltration of TME cells. A well-executed risk assessment model, known as the DRG score, was developed to predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. A high DRG score indicates increased TME cell infiltration, a higher mutation burden, elevated TME scores, and a poorer prognosis. Additionally, the DRG score showed a significant correlation with the tumor mutation burden score and the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score. Subsequently, a nomogram was established for facilitating the clinical application of the DRG score, showing good predictive ability and calibration. Additionally, crucial DRGs were further validated by single-cell sequencing data. Finally, crucial DRGs were further validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion

Our new DRG signature risk score can predict the immune landscape and prognosis of LUAD. It also serves as a reference for LUAD's immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Development and validation of a model for predicting the expression of Ki-67 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with radiological features and dual-energy computed tomography quantitative parameters
Authors: Wen Youjia , Song Zuhua , Li Qian , Zhang Dan , Li Xiaojiao , Yu Jiayi , Li Zongwen , Ren Xiaofang , Zhang Jiayan , Liu Qian , Huang Jie , Zeng Dan , Tang Zhuoyue
Published: February 2024

Objective

To construct and validate a model based on the dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) quantitative parameters and radiological features to predict Ki-67 expression levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Materials and methods

Data from 143 PDAC patients were analysed. The variables of clinic, radiology and DECT were evaluated. In the arterial phase and portal venous phase (PVP), the normalized iodine concentration (NIC), normalized effective atomic number and slope of the spectral attenuation curves were measured. The extracellular volume fraction (ECVf) was measured in the equilibrium phase. Univariate analysis was used to screen independent risk factors to predict Ki-67 expression. The Radiology, DECT and DECT–Radiology models were constructed, and their diagnostic effectiveness and clinical applicability were obtained through area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis, respectively. The nomogram was established based on the optimal model, and its goodness-of-fit was assessed by a calibration curve.

Results

Computed tomography reported regional lymph node status, NIC of PVP, and ECVf were independent predictors for Ki-67 expression prediction. The AUCs of the Radiology, DECT, and DECT–Radiology models were 0.705, 0.884, and 0.905, respectively, in the training cohort, and 0.669, 0.835, and 0.865, respectively, in the validation cohort. The DECT–Radiology nomogram was established based on the DECT–Radiology model, which showed the highest net benefit and satisfactory consistency.

Conclusions

The DECT–Radiology model shows favourable predictive efficacy for Ki-67 expression, which may be of value for clinical decision-making in PDAC patients.

Critical relevance statement

The DECT–Radiology model could contribute to the preoperative and non-invasive assessment of Ki-67 expression of PDAC, which may help clinicians to screen out PDAC patients with high Ki-67 expression.

Key points

• Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can predict Ki-67 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

• The DECT–Radiology model facilitates preoperative and non-invasive assessment of PDAC Ki-67 expression.

• The nomogram may help screen out PDAC patients with high Ki-67 expression.

Graphical Abstract
Deep learning enables the quantification of browning capacity of human adipose samples
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Zuo Shiman , Yang Nanfei , Jian Ani , Zheng Wei , Hua Zichun , Shen Pingping
Published: February 2024

Background

The recruitment of thermogenic adipocytes in human fat depots markedly improves metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, identification and quantification of thermogenic cells in human fats, especially in metabolic disorders patients, remains a major challenge. Here, we aim to provide a stringent validation of human thermogenic adipocyte signature genes, and construct transcriptome-based models to quantify the browning degree of human fats.

Methods

Evidence from RNA-seq, microarray analyses and experimental approaches were integrated to isolate robust human brown-like fat signature genes. Meta-analysis was employed to validate the performance of known human brown-like fat marker genes. Autoencoder was used to reveal the browning levels of human adipose samples for supervised machine learning. Ensemble machine learning was applied to devised molecular metrics for quantifying browning degree of human fats. Obesity and T2DM datasets were used to validate the performance of the molecular metrics in adipose-related metabolic disorders.

Results

Human brown-like adipocytes were heterogeneous populations which showed distinct transcriptional patterns and biological features. Only DHRS11, REEP6 and STX11 were robust signature genes that were consistently up-regulated in different human brown-like fats, especially in creatine-induced UCP1-independent adipocytes. The molecular metrices based on the expression patterns of the three signature genes, named human browning capacity index (HBI) and absolute HBI (absHBI), were superior to 26 traditional human brown-like fat marker genes and previously reported browning classifier in prediction of browning levels of human adipocytes and adipose tissues as well as primary cell cultures upon various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Notably, these molecular metrics also reflected the insulin sensitivity and glucose-lipid metabolic activity of human adipose samples from obesity and T2DM patients.

Conclusions

In summary, this study provides promising signatures and computational tools for evaluating browning levels of human adipose samples in response to physiological and medical intervention. The metrices construction pipeline provides an alternative approach for training machine learning models using unlabeled samples.
The Mental Health of Elite-Level Coaches: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Frost Joshua , Walton Courtney C. , Purcell Rosemary , Fisher Krista , Gwyther Kate , Kocherginsky Michael , Rice Simon M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Elite-level coaches are exposed to multiple performance, organisational and personal stressors which may contribute to reduced mental health and wellbeing. This systematic scoping review examined the current body of evidence to explore what is known about the mental health of elite-level coaches (i.e. wellbeing and mental ill-health), the risk and protective factors that influence coach mental health, and the relationship between mental health and coaching effectiveness.

Methods

The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic search was undertaken and updated in September 2022 using six electronic databases.

Results

12,376 studies were identified and screened, with 42 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria. Despite the paucity of high-quality research, findings indicated that 40% of the included studies examined themes connected to wellbeing, with 76% assessing the nature or prevalence of mental ill-health in elite-level coaches. Among studies exploring mental ill-health, coach burnout was the primary focus, while scant research examined symptoms associated with clinical disorders (e.g. anxiety and depression). Overall, psychological outcomes for elite-level coaches were shaped by risk and protective factors operating at the individual, interpersonal, organisational and societal level. Preliminary evidence was also found to suggest that poor mental health may contribute to reduced coaching effectiveness. It is proposed that coaching effectiveness could therefore be employed as a ‘hook’ to engage elite-level coaches in greater consideration of their mental health needs.

Conclusion

Alongside the development of methodologically robust research, there is a need to examine dynamic individual (e.g. psychological skills), interpersonal (e.g. strong social supports) and organisational (e.g. workload) factors that aim to preserve the mental health and optimise the efficacy of elite-level coaches.
A deep learning approach for projection and body-side classification in musculoskeletal radiographs
Authors: Fink Anna , Tran Hien , Reisert Marco , Rau Alexander , Bayer Jörg , Kotter Elmar , Bamberg Fabian , Russe Maximilian F.
Published: February 2024

Background

The growing prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases increases radiologic workload, highlighting the need for optimized workflow management and automated metadata classification systems. We developed a large-scale, well-characterized dataset of musculoskeletal radiographs and trained deep learning neural networks to classify radiographic projection and body side.

Methods

In this IRB-approved retrospective single-center study, a dataset of musculoskeletal radiographs from 2011 to 2019 was retrieved and manually labeled for one of 45 possible radiographic projections and the depicted body side. Two classification networks were trained for the respective tasks using the Xception architecture with a custom network top and pretrained weights. Performance was evaluated on a hold-out test sample, and gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) heatmaps were computed to visualize the influential image regions for network predictions.

Results

A total of 13,098 studies comprising 23,663 radiographs were included with a patient-level dataset split, resulting in 19,183 training, 2,145 validation, and 2,335 test images. Focusing on paired body regions, training for side detection included 16,319 radiographs (13,284 training, 1,443 validation, and 1,592 test images). The models achieved an overall accuracy of 0.975 for projection and 0.976 for body-side classification on the respective hold-out test sample. Errors were primarily observed in projections with seamless anatomical transitions or non-orthograde adjustment techniques.

Conclusions

The deep learning neural networks demonstrated excellent performance in classifying radiographic projection and body side across a wide range of musculoskeletal radiographs. These networks have the potential to serve as presorting algorithms, optimizing radiologic workflow and enhancing patient care.

Relevance statement

The developed networks excel at classifying musculoskeletal radiographs, providing valuable tools for research data extraction, standardized image sorting, and minimizing misclassifications in artificial intelligence systems, ultimately enhancing radiology workflow efficiency and patient care.

Key points

• A large-scale, well-characterized dataset was developed, covering a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal radiographs.

• Deep learning neural networks achieved high accuracy in classifying radiographic projection and body side.

• Grad-CAM heatmaps provided insight into network decisions, contributing to their interpretability and trustworthiness.

• The trained models can help optimize radiologic workflow and manage large amounts of data.

Graphical Abstract
The association of p21, inhibin, and Tob-1 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of benign and malignant colorectal lesions
Authors: Moussa Mona , Abdullah Aya Mohamed , Youssef Mohieldin Magdy , Elwi Dalal , Helal Noha Said
Published: February 2024

Background

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. p21, inhibin, and Tob-1 are tumor suppressors that play a role in the development and progression of several cancers, however, their role in CRC is not well-established. This study aims to evaluate the expression of these proteins by immunohistochemistry and correlate their expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of CRCs and preneoplastic lesions [adenomas and ulcerative colitis] to study the potential for their use as targeted therapies. The study was performed on sections of 30 CRCs, 30 adenomas, 30 UC, 30 chronic colitis, and 20 controls.

Results

 p21 expression was lower in CRCs and adenomas compared to inflammatory lesions (chronic colitis and UC). High-grade CRCs, adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and UC with dysplasia showed insignificantly lower expression compared to their counterparts. Inhibin expression was absent in CRCs; however, its expression was higher in chronic colitis than in UC and adenomas. Adenomas with high-grade dysplasia and UC with dysplasia showed insignificantly higher expression than their counterparts. Tob-1 expression increased significantly from chronic colitis to UC to adenomas to CRCs. High-grade CRCs, adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and UC with dysplasia showed higher expression compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions

Decreased p21 and increased inhibin and Tob-1 expressions are associated with the progression of adenomas and UC to more dysplastic lesions, then possibly to CRC. Despite being tumor suppressors, the studied proteins may potentially have tumor-promoting properties. They can be useful targets for therapeutic intervention.
A Quantitative Assessment of ChatGPT as a Neurosurgical Triaging Tool
Authors: Ward Max , Unadkat Prashin , Toscano Daniel , Kashanian Alon , Lynch Daniel G. , Horn Alexander C. , D'Amico Randy S. , Mittler Mark , Baum Griffin R.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

ChatGPT is a natural language processing chatbot with increasing applicability to the medical workflow. Although ChatGPT has been shown to be capable of passing the American Board of Neurological Surgery board examination, there has never been an evaluation of the chatbot in triaging and diagnosing novel neurosurgical scenarios without defined answer choices. In this study, we assess ChatGPT’s capability to determine the emergent nature of neurosurgical scenarios and make diagnoses based on information one would find in a neurosurgical consult.

METHODS:

Thirty clinical scenarios were given to 3 attendings, 4 residents, 2 physician assistants, and 2 subinterns. Participants were asked to determine if the scenario constituted an urgent neurosurgical consultation and what the most likely diagnosis was. Attending responses provided a consensus to use as the answer key. Generative pretraining transformer (GPT) 3.5 and GPT 4 were given the same questions, and their responses were compared with the other participants.

RESULTS:

GPT 4 was 100% accurate in both diagnosis and triage of the scenarios. GPT 3.5 had an accuracy of 92.59%, slightly below that of a PGY1 (96.3%), an 88.24% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 83.3% negative predicative value in triaging each situation. When making a diagnosis, GPT 3.5 had an accuracy of 92.59%, which was higher than the subinterns and similar to resident responders.

CONCLUSION:

GPT 4 is able to diagnose and triage neurosurgical scenarios at the level of a senior neurosurgical resident. There has been a clear improvement between GPT 3.5 and 4. It is likely that the recent updates in internet access and directing the functionality of ChatGPT will further improve its utility in neurosurgical triage.
THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE OLD BELIEVERS IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE OF TRANSBAIKALIA
Authors: Mishina Tatiana V. , Kondakova Natalia S.
Published: February 2024

Background. The socio-cultural space of Transbaikalia is represented by a wide ethno-cultural diversity, which was formed historically under the influence of various factors. Subsequently, each of the cultures that appeared in Transbaikalia contributed to the cultural space of the region. However, today there is a change in the importance of traditional cultures, new values appear that are more in demand in modern conditions, hence the loss of traditional culture, the disappearance of cultural heritage. The issue of preservation and transmission of traditional culture is becoming urgent.

In the context of the analysis of cultural heritage, the concepts of M. Halbvaks, E. Hobsbaum, P. Nor, G. Peckham, Lisitsky A.V., Mamaeva O.B., Kuchmaeva V.A., Kopsergenova A.A. are studied. Old Believers in Transbaikalia were studied by Bolonev F.F., Gavrilova E.A. et al.

Materials and methods. The appeal to theoretical concepts in the field of cultural heritage shows the close interconnectedness of cultural heritage and memory. The concepts of M. Halbwax, E. Hobsbawm, P. Nor, G. Peckham, Lisitsky A.V., Mamaeva O.B., Kuchmaeva V.A., Kopsergenova A.A. fix the interdependence of cultural heritage and cultural memory. The work uses general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison.

Results and conclusions. Cultural heritage, while remaining “alive”, allows it to be reproduced and remains relevant in modern times, however, the transformation of heritage into memory leads to its restoration, the invention of tradition, consolidation in places of memory, restoration due to demand in the field of economics and tourism. Within the framework of state projects, tourist requests, there is a revival of this tradition in folklore, material elements, but the question remains open about the revival of the spiritual tradition of the Old Believers.
LIGHT IN THE WORKS OF GIACOMO BALLA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIGHT ART GENESIS
Authors: Spiridonova Anna M.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted tо the specific question in Russian art history – to the problem of light in the works of J. Balla from the perspective of Light art genesis. The insufficiently researched genesis of light art .in Modernism and Italian Futurism is followed by the incomplete understanding of phenomenon. This circumstance requires an appeal to the historical roots of Light art, particularly, to the period when artists started including artificial light into the practice of fine art and started using it as a medium.

As a result of the research in the art of J. Balla the genesis of Light art has been revealed. The article examines the consistent change in the approach to light in the main futuristic manifestos and works of art. In Balla’s paintings of the 1910s, light was used as an image and element of art, while in plastic complexes and scenography of the theatrical production “Fireworks” it was used as a material (medium). The ballet “Fireworks” is proposed to be considered as prototypical work of light art. The results of the study can be used in the art historical research and cultural analysis of the history and modernity of light art. The research methodology is based on the art historical analysis of texts and works of art, as well as on the comparative method.
THE CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL HERO «QUONAKH» IN PAINTING AND GRAPHICS DURING THE CHECHEN CRISIS (90S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY)
Authors: Khamzatova Zarema R.
Published: February 2024

The paper is devoted to the research and study of the artistic interpretation of the concept of “Quonakh” (national hero) in Chechen painting and graphics in the 1990s.

The novelty of the paper is the appeal to the origins of the concept of “Quonakh” in the works of Chechen artists, which found manifestation in certain historical conditions, respectively. The chronological scope of the study covers the period of the so-called “the First Chechen War” or the operation to restore constitutional order in Chechnya (1994-1996) and the post-war years (1996-1999). In the visual culture of this time, images of national leaders appear, carrying at this stage not so much an aesthetic, but an ideological load. Beybulat Taimiev, Zelimkhan Kharachoevsky, Baysangur Benoevsky and other heroes become, in a certain sense, symbols of Chechen culture and are still present in it to nowadays.

Heroic images (in their close connection with the most important national concept), embodied in the interpretation of Chechen artists of the late 90s (XX century), are analyzed. The most professionally executed and deep in content works of Sultan Abaev, Kharon Isaev, Said Bitziraev, Khasan Sediev, which are characterized not only by a patriotic orientation, but also by a veiled form of perception of the atmosphere of modernity, were selected for the research.

The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the structural and semantic features of the image-concept “Quonakh” and its reflection in professional national fine arts, which is very important in the context of not only Chechen, but also Russian culture. The methodology is based on art criticism, comparative and system-constructive analysis. The use of the historical-biographical method allows us to trace the influence of specific historical personalities on the process of creating a pictorial image.

The conclusions of the study include the recapitulation about the possibilities of “artistic and figurative interpretation of philosophical concepts” that contribute to the creation of new artistic realities by transmitting feelings of heroism, patriotism, honor, using educational techniques based on the traditions of the Chechens/Nokhchiis. The image-concept “Quonakh” is one of the axiological dominants on which the existence of a distinctive ethnic culture is based. In fact, real “Chechenness”, as a property of the national character, is manifested by the presence in it of connections with the “Quonakhalla” code.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE ARTISTIC AND GRAPHIC DESIGN OF THE HUMOROUS MAGAZINE «BALDA» IN THE CONTEXT OF SPECIALIZED EDITIONS OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Sheveleva Svetlana N.
Published: February 2024

The article presents an analysis of the artistic and graphic design of the only satirical and caricature magazine of printing and bookbinding workers «Balda» published in Russia. As result of the all the published issues, the reader’s address of the magazine was identified, as well as its technical characteristics were determined. After studying all three issues of the magazine, it was revealed how much textual information was printed, how much textual information was accompanied by drawings and how many percent of the magazine contained drawings as independent material. The features of graphic and compositional techniques used in the design of the magazine are analyzed. The article identifies the main features of the title complex “Baldy”, describes the fonts used. Fonts definitely have which group they belong to, font size, font type, density, saturation. The graphic and decorative elements used in the design of the magazine are described, with the help of which its original and memorable style is formed.

Only three issues of «Balda» magazine were published: on January 1, 1907 – No. 1, on January 9, 1907 – No. 2, on January 16, 1907 – No. 3. Some of the magazine’s circulations were confiscated. Despite the fact, that the arrest of the magazine was later lifted, the editorial board decided to close the magazine «Balda» by starting to publish the satirical, humorous and caricature magazine of the workers of the printing and bookbinding business «Topor». There were two numbers that were confiscated later too.

The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the artistic and graphic concept of specialized magazines in order to develop quality criteria for relevant publications.

The method and methodology of the work: the basis of the research is the principle of a systematic approach, as well as matrix, analytical, thematic and typographic methods.

The practical significance of this work lies in the possibility of using the data obtained when creating new journals, as well as for adapting existing ones to modern requirements.

In pre-revolutionary Russia, many specialized magazines were published intended for workers in the printing industry and bookbinding but only «Balda» and «Topor» magazines remain the only humorous, satirical and caricature magazines, which makes them a unique source of both historical, cultural and artistic information.
ANTHROPODICY BY I.A. ILYIN
Authors: Makarov Ivan V.
Published: February 2024

The object of the research is the socio-philosophical discussions of Russian philosophers of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, the subject of our research is the anthropodicy of I.A. Ilyin. The author examines the categories of good, good and evil, the meaning of life, asceticism in the context of the concept of active resistance to evil and the teachings about the heart of I. Ilyin. These concepts were considered as a reflection of reality, as the foundation for building a state and society. Ilyin cites three qualities necessary for an active struggle against evil: spiritual character, willpower and a living conscience. According to the presence of these qualities, Ilyin accordingly divides people into three categories. Only a strong and conscientious person is able to fulfill “God’s work” on earth. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that I. Ilyin’s concept of the imposition of will on the internal or external composition of a person contains axiological and didactic potential. Russian Russian philosophical thought at the beginning of the 20th century came to realize the Russian idea, that is, to comprehend the self-existence of the Russian, Russian people. Ilyin’s ontology and axiology, despite negative criticism, enriched Russian philosophical thought, his ethical views allowed us to approach the understanding of the philosophical awareness of the meaning of human existence and set the vector of development of society and the state. Concepts and. Ilyina in our time, serious external existential challenges for Russia look more relevant than ever and require a comprehensive study. For the first time it was revealed that the teachings of I. Ilyin trace the intentions of asceticism characteristic of Russian spiritual culture. The practical value of the work is determined by the fact that the results of the research can be used in the development of courses “Philosophy”, “History of Philosophy”, “Ethics”, “Cultural Studies”, “Fundamentals of Russian statehood”.
THE CITY AND ITS IMAGE: DISCOURSES OF THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Kulyan-Kozionova Maria E. , Leshkova Oksana V. , Shchekina Elena G.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to understanding the ideas that influence the understanding of the essence of the city and its image in the process of historical development. Through historical and comparative analysis, key changes are illuminated, including the shift from the ideal of social justice to individualism. The research is relevant in the context of the impact of technology on urban life; it can become the basis for developing strategies for sustainable urban development and creating favorable social conditions. Aspects that influence the perception of residents and researchers of the urban image are identified for subsequent analysis of the modern city.
THE PROBLEM OF ICONOGRAPHIC CANON IN ORTHODOX CHURCH PAINTING
Authors: Mikhailov Alexander N. , Mikhaylova Larisa B.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the formulation of the problem of the iconographic canon and to the study of the specifics of canonical works in Orthodox church painting. For this purpose, we study the relationship between the artistic-aesthetic canon in general and the iconographic canon in particular. To clarify the semantic content of the concepts “iconographic canon” and “iconography”, a distinction is proposed between the terms “iconographic model” and “iconographic type”. The specifics of the Eastern Christian iconographic canon are studied in the context of the special gnosiological role of visual arts in the system of Orthodox culture, which determined the features of iconographic symbolism. General and specific principles of the canonical system are formulated, revealing the religious-philosophical and artistic-aesthetic integrity of iconographic images intended for the non-rational expression of divine revelation and acting as a connection between the “earthly” and “celcetial”, immanent and transcendental levels of being.
Enhancing predictive performance for spectroscopic studies in wildlife science through a multi-model approach: A case study for species classification of live amphibians
Authors: Chen Li-Dunn , Caprio Michael A. , Chen Devin M. , Kouba Andrew J. , Kouba Carrie K.
Published: February 2024

Near infrared spectroscopy coupled with predictive modeling is a growing field of study for addressing questions in wildlife science aimed at improving management strategies and conservation outcomes for managed and threatened fauna. To date, the majority of spectroscopic studies in wildlife and fisheries applied chemometrics and predictive modeling with a single-algorithm approach. By contrast, multi-model approaches are used routinely for analyzing spectroscopic datasets across many major industries (e.g., medicine, agriculture) to maximize predictive outcomes for real-world applications. In this study, we conducted a benchmark modeling exercise to compare the performance of several machine learning algorithms in a multi-class problem utilizing a multivariate spectroscopic dataset obtained from live animals. Spectra obtained from live individuals representing eleven amphibian species were classified according to taxonomic designation. Seven modeling techniques were applied to generate prediction models, which varied significantly (p < 0.05) with regard to mean classification accuracy (e.g., support vector machine: 95.8 ± 0.8% vs. K-nearest neighbors: 89.3 ± 1.0%). Through the use of a multi-algorithm approach, candidate algorithms can be identified and applied to more effectively model complex spectroscopic data collected for wildlife sciences. Other key considerations in the predictive modeling workflow that serve to optimize spectroscopic model performance (e.g., variable selection and cross-validation procedures) are also discussed.
Human risk to tick encounters in the southeastern United States estimated with spatial distribution modeling
Authors: Butler Rebecca A. , Papeş Mona , Vogt James T. , Paulsen Dave J. , Crowe Christopher , Trout Fryxell Rebecca T.
Published: February 2024

Expanding geographic distribution and increased populations of ticks has resulted in an upsurge of human-tick encounters in the United States (US), leading to an increase in tickborne disease reporting. Limited knowledge of the broadscale spatial range of tick species is heightened by a rapidly changing environment. Therefore, we partnered with the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and used passive tick surveillance to better understand spatiotemporal variables associated with foresters encountering three tick species (Amblyomma americanum L., Dermacentor variabilis Say, and Ixodes scapularis L.) in the southeastern US. Eight years (2014–2021) of tick encounter data were used to fit environmental niche and generalized linear models to predict where and when ticks are likely to be encountered. Our results indicate temporal and environmental partitioning of the three species. Ixodes scapularis were more likely to be encountered in the autumn and winter seasons and associated with soil organic matter, vegetation indices, evapotranspiration, temperature, and gross primary productivity. By contrast, A. americanum and D. variabilis were more likely to be encountered in spring and summer seasons and associated with elevation, landcover, temperature, dead belowground biomass, vapor pressure, and precipitation. Regions in the southeast least suitable for encountering ticks included the Blue Ridge, Mississippi Alluvial Plain, and the Southern Florida Coastal Plain, whereas suitable regions included the Interior Plateau, Central Appalachians, Ozark Highlands, Boston Mountains, and the Ouachita Mountains. Spatial and temporal patterns of different tick species can inform outdoorsmen and the public on tick avoidance measures, reduce tick populations by managing suitable tick habitats, and monitoring areas with unsuitable tick habitat for potential missed encounters.
What contextual features affect the outcome and sustainability of therapeutic patient education interventions?
Authors: Rat Anne-Christine , Minary Laetitia , Ayav Carole , Kivits Joelle , Ricci Laetitia
Published: February 2024

Background

Therapeutic patient education interventions are influenced by contextual factors. Therefore, describing the context is crucial to understanding how it can affect therapeutic patient education interventions and contribute to outcomes. We aimed to identify the contextual features that may affect the outcome and sustainability of therapeutic patient education interventions from a healthcare professional perspective.

Methods

Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals involved in 14 therapeutic patient education interventions covering different chronic conditions (e.g., kidney and cardiovascular diseases, chronic pain, diabetes, obesity). Interviews were recorded and fully transcribed. We followed a general inductive approach to identify themes from healthcare professionals’ discourse to properly capture their perception.

Results

Saturation was achieved with 28 interviews with 20 nurses, 6 dieticians, one physiotherapist and one psychologist. The average therapeutic patient education experience was 7 years. Identified contextual features clustered in 5 main themes: 1) conditions for the development of the intervention (genesis of the program: Who and what prompted it?; supports; content development; legislative framework); 2) integration of the program (in the healthcare pathway or the environment, relationship with the institution or local environment); 3) teamwork cohesion, interaction and integration with the environment (exchanges, cohesion of the team); 4) sustainability of the program; and 5) patient and healthcare professional contextual factors.

Conclusion

New insights into contextual features that may be involved in therapeutic patient education interventions are represented in a framework based on the Medical Research Council evaluation framework. These features need to be addressed in studies of therapeutic patient education interventions and could help healthcare professionals build more effective interventions within the context. However, describing a list of elements of the context is not enough; analyses should also focus on how the contextual elements might affect an intervention and how they interact.