bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CryoEM Structure ofDrosophilaFlight Muscle Thick Filaments at 7Å Resolution
Authors: Daneshparvar Nadia , Taylor Dianne W. , O’Leary Thomas S. , Rahmani Hamidreza , Yeganeh Fatemeh Abbasi , Previs Michael J. , Taylor Kenneth A.
Published: June 2020

Striated muscle thick filaments are composed of myosin II and several non-myosin proteins. Myosin II’s long α-helical coiled-coil tail forms the dense protein backbone of filaments while its N-terminal globular head containing the catalytic and actin binding activities extends outward from the backbone. Here we report the structure of thick filaments of the flight muscle of the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterat 7 Å resolution. Its myosin tails are arranged in curved molecular crystalline layers identical to flight muscles of the giant waterbugLethocerus indicus.Four non-myosin densities are observed, three of which correspond to ones found inLethocerus;one new density, possibly stretchin-Mlck, is found on the backbone outer surface. Surprisingly, the myosin heads are disordered rather than ordered along the filament backbone. Our results show striking myosin tail similarity within flight muscle filaments of two insect orders separated by several hundred million years of evolution.

Significance Statement

Myosin thick filaments are one of striated muscle’s key structures, but also one of its least understood. A key question is how the myosin a-helical coiled-coil tail is arranged in the backbone. At 7Å resolution, sufficient to resolve individual a-helices, the myosin tail arrangement in thick filaments from the flight muscle of the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasteris strikingly similar to the myosin tail arrangement in flight muscles of the giant waterbugLethocerus indicus. Nearly every other thick filament feature is different.DrosophilaandLethocerusevolved separately >245 million years ago suggesting myosin tail packing into curved molecular crystalline layers forms a highly conserved thick filament building block and different properties are obtained by alterations in non-myosin proteins.
The framework of lncRNAs and genes at early pollen developmental stage in a PTGMS wheat line
Authors: Bai Jian-fang , Liu Zi-han , Wang Yu-kun , Guo Hao-yu , Guo Li-Ping , Tan Zhao-guo , Yuan Shao-hua , Li Yan-mei , Li Ting-ting , Duan Wen-jing , Yue Jie-ru , Zhang Feng-ting , Zhao Chang-ping , Zhang Li-ping
Published: June 2020

Wheat photo-thermosensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) line is a vital material in the two-line hybrid wheat breeding system in which functional pollen production is highly associated with temperature during early developmental stage. Understanding the potential mechanism of pollen infertility induced by low temperature in PTGMS wheat is crucial for the effective utilization of genetic resources to guide wheat breeding. Herein, we combined full-length single-molecular sequencing and Illumina short reads sequencing data to obtain the high-resolution spatio-temporal transcriptome map of pollen under low temperature stress at mother cell, dyad and tetrad stages in PTGMS line BS366. Cytological descriptions and whole transcriptome analysis revealed a global landscape of low temperature altered pollen fertility transformation via regulating the transcriptional patterns of cytoskeleton-related lncRNAs and their target genes, which involved in the calcium signaling and vesicle trafficking pathways on cytoskeleton homeostasis at different stages of meiosis. Overall, our results provided the transcriptional and cytological evidences for understanding the low temperature-induced pollen sterility deficiency in PTGMS wheat line.
Artificial scaffolds that mimic the plant extracellular environment for the culture and attachment of plant cells
Authors: Calcutt Ryan , Vincent Richard , Dean Derrick , Arinzeh Treena Livingston , Dixit Ram
Published: June 2020

Plant growth and development involves an intricate program of cell division and cell expansion to generate different cell types, tissue patterns and organ shapes. Plant cells are stuck together by their cell walls and the spatial context of cells within tissues plays a critical role in cell fate specification and morphogenesis. Anin vitromodel system to study plant development and its regulation by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors requires the ability to mimic the physical interactions between cells and their environment. Here, we present a set of artificial scaffolds to which cultured tobacco BY-2 cells adhere without causing morphological abnormalities. These scaffolds mimic native plant cell walls in terms of their fibrous nature, charge, hydrophobicity and piezoelectricity. We found that the extent of plant cell adhesion was essentially insensitive to the stiffness, fiber dimension, and fiber orientation of the scaffolds, but was affected by the piezoelectric properties of scaffolds where adhesion increased on piezoelectric materials. We also found that the plant cell wall polysaccharide, pectin, is largely responsible for adhesion to scaffolds, analogous to pectin-mediated adhesion of plant cells in tissues. Together, this work establishes biomimetic scaffolds that realistically emulate the plant tissue environment and provide the capability to develop microfluidic devices to study how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions affect plant developmental pathways.
Viral-mediated ubiquitination impacts interactions of host proteins with viral RNA and promotes viral RNA processing
Authors: Herrmann Christin , Dybas Joseph M. , Liddle Jennifer C. , Price Alexander M , Hayer Katharina E. , Lauman Richard , Purman Caitlin E. , Charman Matthew , Kim Eui Tae , Garcia Benjamin A , Weitzman Matthew D
Published: June 2020

Viruses promote infection by hijacking host ubiquitin machinery to counteract or redirect cellular processes. Adenovirus encodes two early proteins, E1B55K and E4orf6, that together co-opt a cellular ubiquitin ligase complex to overcome host defenses and promote virus production. Adenovirus mutants lacking E1B55K or E4orf6 display defects in viral RNA processing and protein production, but previously identified substrates of the redirected ligase do not explain these phenotypes. Here we used a quantitative proteomics approach to identify substrates of E1B55K/E4orf6-mediated ubiquitination that facilitate RNA processing. While all currently known cellular substrates of E1B55K/E4orf6 are degraded by the proteasome, we uncovered RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as high-confidence substrates which are not decreased in overall abundance. We focused on two RBPs, RALY and hnRNP-C, which we confirm are ubiquitinated without degradation. Knockdown of RALY and hnRNP-C increased levels of viral RNA splicing, protein abundance, and progeny production during infection with E1B55K-deleted virus. Furthermore, infection with virus deleted for E1B55K resulted in increased interaction of hnRNP-C with viral RNA, and attenuation of viral RNA processing. These data suggest viral-mediated ubiquitination of RALY and hnRNP-C relieves a restriction on viral RNA processing, revealing an unexpected role for non-degradative ubiquitination in manipulation of cellular processes during virus infection.
Cytoplasmic CPSF6 regulates HIV-1 capsid trafficking and infection in a cyclophilin A-dependent manner
Authors: Zhong Zhou , Ning Jiying , Boggs Emerson A. , Jang Sooin , Wallace Callen , Telmer Cheryl , Bruchez Marcel P. , Ahn Jinwoo , Engelman Alan N. , Zhang Peijun , Watkins Simon C. , Ambrose Zandrea
Published: June 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid binds host proteins during infection, including cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6) and cyclophilin A (CypA). We observe that HIV-1 infection induces higher-order CPSF6 formation and capsid-CPSF6 complexes co-traffic on microtubules. CPSF6-capsid complex trafficking is impacted by capsid alterations that reduce CPSF6 binding or by excess cytoplasmic CPSF6 expression, both of which are associated with decreased HIV-1 infection. Higher-order CPSF6 complexes bind and disrupt HIV-1 capsid assembliesin vitro. Disruption of HIV-1 capsid binding to CypA leads to increased CPSF6 binding and altered capsid trafficking, resulting in reduced infectivity. Our data reveal an interplay between CPSF6 and CypA that is important for cytoplasmic capsid trafficking and HIV-1 infection. We propose that CypA prevents HIV-1 capsid from prematurely engaging cytoplasmic CPSF6 and that differences in CypA cellular localization and innate immunity may explain cell-specific variations in HIV-1 capsid trafficking and uncoating.

Graphical Abstract
Beige adipocytes independently improve impaired glucose metabolism in the absence of brown adipose tissues in vivo
Authors: Jia Xiao-wei , Fang Dong-liang , Shi Xin-yi , Lu Tao , Yang Chun , Gao Yan
Published: June 2020

Beige adipocytes are emerging as an interesting issue in obesity and metabolism research. There is a neglected possibility that brown adipocytes are equally activated when external stimuli induce beige adipocytes. Thus, a question is whether beige adipocytes have the same functions as brown adipocytes when brown adipose tissue (BAT) is lacking. This question has not been well studied. Therefore we determine the beneficial effects of beige adipocytes upon cold challenge or CL316243 treatments in animal models of BAT ablation by surgical denervation. The data show that beige adipocytes partly contribute to impaired glucose metabolism resulting from denervated BAT. Whereas, we found that denervated BAT were activated by cold exposure and CL316243. Thus, we further used BAT-removal animal models to abolish BAT functions completely. We found that beige adipocytes upon cold challenge or CL316243 treatments independently improved impaired glucose metabolism in BAT-removal mice. The insulin signaling was activated in BAT-removal mice upon cold exposure. Whereas, both the activation of insulin signaling and up-regulation of glucose transporter expression were observed in BAT-removal mice with CL316243 treatments. The data show that beige adipocytes induced by cold exposure or CL316243 may have different mechanisms to improve impaired glucose metabolism. Beige adipocytes can also enhance energy expenditure and lipolytic activity of white adipose tissue when BAT is lacking. We provide direct evidences for the beneficial effect of beige adipocytes in glucose metabolism and energy expenditure in the absence of BAT in vivo.
Predictive modeling of single-cell DNA methylome data enhances integration with transcriptome data
Authors: Uzun Yasin , Wu Hao , Tan Kai
Published: June 2020

Despite rapid advances in single-cell DNA methylation profiling methods, computational tools for data analysis are lagging far behind. A number of tasks, including cell type calling and integration with transcriptome data, requires the construction of a robust gene activity matrix as the prerequisite but challenging task. The advent of multi-omics data enables measurement of both DNA methylation and gene expression for the same single cells. Although such data is rather sparse, they are sufficient to train supervised models that capture the complex relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression and predict gene activities at single-cell level. Here, we present MAPLE (Methylome Association by Predictive Linkage to Expression), a computational framework that learns the association between DNA methylation and expression using both gene- and cell-dependent statistical features. Using multiple datasets generated with different experimental protocols, we show that using predicted gene activity values significantly improves several analysis tasks, including clustering, cell type identification and integration with transcriptome data. With the rapid accumulation of single-cell epigenomics data, MAPLE provides a general framework for integrating such data with transcriptome data.
Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of HBV and B19V into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
Authors: Guzmán-Solís Axel A. , Blanco-Melo Daniel , Villa-Islas Viridiana , Bravo-López Miriam J. , Sandoval-Velasco Marcela , Wesp Julie K. , Gómez-Valdés Jorge A. , de la Luz Moreno-Cabrera María , Meraz-Moreno Alejandro , Solís-Pichardo Gabriela , Schaaf Peter , tenOever Benjamin R. , Ávila-Arcos María C.
Published: June 2020

After the European colonization of the Americas there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viruses during the Colonial era is lacking. To uncover the diversity of viral pathogens during this period, we designed an enrichment assay targeting ancient DNA (aDNA) from viruses of clinical importance and applied it on DNA extracts from individuals found in a Colonial hospital and a Colonial chapel (16thc. – 18thc.) where records suggest victims of epidemics were buried during important outbreaks in Mexico City. This allowed us to reconstruct three ancient human parvovirus B19 genomes, and one ancient human hepatitis B virus genome from distinct individuals. The viral genomes are similar to African strains, consistent with the inferred morphological and genetic African ancestry of the hosts as well as with the isotopic analysis of the human remains, suggesting an origin on the African continent. This study provides direct molecular evidence of ancient viruses being transported to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade and their subsequent introduction to New Spain. Altogether, our observations enrich the discussion about the etiology of infectious diseases during the Colonial period in Mexico.
HIF2α is a Direct Regulator of Neutrophil Motility
Authors: Sormendi Sundary , Deygas Mathieu , Sinha Anupam , Krüger Anja , Kourtzelis Ioannis , Le Lay Gregoire , Bernard Mathilde , Sáez Pablo J. , Gerlach Michael , Franke Kristin , Meneses Ana , Kräter Martin , Palladini Alessandra , Guck Jochen , Coskun Ünal , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Vargas Pablo , Wielockx Ben
Published: June 2020

Orchestrated recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed tissue is essential during initiation of inflammation. Inflamed areas are usually hypoxic, and adaptation to reduced oxygen pressure is typically mediated by hypoxia pathway proteins. However, it is still unclear how these factors influence the migration of neutrophils to and at the site of inflammation either during their transmigration through the blood-endothelial cell barrier, or their motility in the interstitial space. Here, we reveal that activation of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2 (HIF2α) due to deficiency of HIF-prolyl hydroxylase domain protein-2 (PHD2) boosts neutrophil migration specifically through highly confined microenvironments.In vivo,the increased migratory capacity of PHD2-deficient neutrophils resulted in massive tissue accumulation in models of acute local inflammation. Using systematic RNAseq analyses and mechanistic approaches, we identified RhoA, a cytoskeleton organizer, as the central downstream factor that mediates HIF2α-dependent neutrophil motility. Thus, we propose that the here identified novel PHD2-HIF2α-RhoA axis is vital to the initial stages of inflammation as it promotes neutrophil movement through highly confined tissue landscapes.
Tocilizumab is associated with reduced risk of ICU admission and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Moreno-García Estela , Rico Verónica , Albiach Laia , Agüero Daiana , Ambrosioni Juan , Bodro Marta , Cardozo Celia , Chumbita Mariana , De la Mora Lorena , García-Pouton Nicole , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , González-Cordón Ana , Hernández-Meneses Marta , Inciarte Alexy , Laguno Montse , Leal Lorna , Linares Laura , Macaya Irene , Meira Fernanda , Mensa Josep , Moreno Antonio , Morata Laura , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro , Rojas Jhon , Solá Montse , Torres Berta , Torres Manuel , Tomé Adrià , Castro Pedro , Fernández Sara , Nicolás Josep Maria , Almuedo-Riera Alex , Muñoz Jose , Fernandez-Pittol Mariana Jose , Marcos Maria Angeles , Soy Dolors , Martínez José Antonio , García Felipe , Soriano Alex
Published: June 2020

Background

In some patients the immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 is unbalanced, presenting an acute respiratory distress syndrome which in many cases requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The limitation of ICU beds has been one of the major burdens in the management worldwide; therefore, clinical strategies to avoid ICU admission are needed.

Objective

We aimed to describe the influence of tocilizumab on the need of transfer to ICU or death in non-critically ill patients.

Methods

A retrospective study of 171 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection that did not qualify as requiring transfer to ICU during the first 24h after admission to a conventional ward, were included. The criteria to receive tocilizumab was radiological impairment, oxygen demand or an increasing of inflammatory parameters, however, the ultimate decision was left to the attending physician judgement. The primary outcome was the need of ICU admission or death whichever came first.

Results

77 patients received tocilizumab and 94 did not. The tocilizumab group had less ICU admissions (10.3% vs. 27.6%, P= 0.005) and need of invasive ventilation (0 vs 13.8%, P=0.001). In multivariable analysis, tocilizumab remained as a protective variable (OR: 0.03, CI 95%: 0.007-0·1, P=0.0001) of ICU admission or death.

Conclusion

Tocilizumab in the early stages of the inflammatory flare, could reduce ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation use. The mortality rate of 10.3% among patients receiving tocilizumab appears to be lower than other reports.

Clinical implication

Our results suggest that tocilizumab administered to non-critically ill patients could reduce ICU admissions and mortality.

Capsule summary

Tocilizumab administered to non-critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the early stages of the inflammatory flare, could reduce an important number of ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation use.
Impact of COVID-19 on clinical practice, income, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urologists
Authors: Gomes Cristiano M. , Favorito Luciano , Henriques João Victor T. , Canalini Alfredo F. , Anzolch Karin M. J. , de C. Fernandes Roni , Bellucci Carlos H S , Silva Caroline S , Wroclawski Marcelo L. , Pompeo Antonio Carlos L. , de Bessa Jose
Published: June 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical practice, income, health and lifestyle behavior of Brazilian urologists during the month of April 2020.

Materials and Methods

A 39-question, web-based survey was sent to all urologist members of the Brazilian Society of Urology. We assessed socio-demographic, professional, health and behavior parameters. The primary goal was to evaluate changes in urologists’ clinical practice and income after two months of COVID-19. We also looked at geographical differences based on the incidence rates of COVID-19 in different states.

Results

Among 766 urologists who completed the survey, a reduction ≥ 50% of patient visits, elective and emergency surgeries was reported by 83.2%, 89.6% and 54.8%, respectively. An income reduction of ≥ 50% was reported by 54.3%. Measures to reduce costs were implemented by most. Video consultations were performed by 38.7%. Modifications in health and lifestyle included weight gain (32.9%), reduced physical activity (60.0%), increased alcoholic intake (39.9%) and reduced sexual activity (34.9%). Finally, 13.5% of Brazilian urologists were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and about one third required hospitalization. Urologists from the highest COVID-19 incidence states were at a higher risk to have a reduction of patient visits and non-essential surgeries (OR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.86 – 4.75; p < 0.0001) and of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 4.36 95%CI 1.74–10.54, p = 0.012).

Conclusions

COVID-19 produced massive disturbances in Brazilian urologists’ practice, with major reductions in patient visits and surgical procedures. Distressing consequences were also observed on physicians’ income, health and personal lives. These findings are probably applicable to other medical specialties.
Managing Knowledge in Computational Models for Global Food, Nutrition and Health Technologies
Authors: Dube Kudakwashe , McLachlan Scott , Zanamwe Ngonidzashe , Kyrimi Evangelia , Thomson Jasmine S , Fenton Norman
Published: June 2020

Computational models that need to incorporate domain knowledge for realistic solutions to problems often lead to technologies that get transferred to developing countries. The support for managing the knowledge incorporated into these technologies is important for customisation to suit local conditions. This work investigates this problem through the challenge of incorporating food and nutrition therapy guidelines (FNTG) into ICT-based solution models for the meal planning problem (MPP) for HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries. An experiment is undertaken to demonstrate the limitations of existing approaches and framework is investigated for manageable incorporation of knowledge into solution models. The paper contributes a clear understanding of, and directions for addressing, the problem of support for managing the knowledge incorporated into solutions models to support customisability of technologies. The significance of this contribution is that solutions will allow resulting technologies to be customised for use in different global contexts.
In SilicoAnalysis Predicting Effects of Deleterious SNPs of HumanRASSF5Gene on its Structure and Functions
Authors: Hossain Md. Shahadat , Roy Arpita Singha , Islam Md. Sajedul
Published: June 2020

Ras association domain-containing protein 5 (RASSF5), one of the prospective biomarkers for tumors, generally plays a crucial role as a tumor suppressor. As deleterious effects can result from functional differences through SNPs, we sought to analyze the most deleterious SNPs ofRASSF5as well as predict the structural changes associated with the mutants that hamper the normal protein-protein interactions. We adopted both sequence and structure based approaches to analyze the SNPs of RASSF5 protein. We also analyzed the putative post translational modification sites as well as the altered protein-protein interactions that encompass various cascades of signals. Out of all the SNPs obtained from the NCBI database, only 25 were considered as highly deleterious by sixin silicoSNP prediction tools. Among them, upon analyzing the effect of these nsSNPs on the stability of the protein, we found 17 SNPs that decrease the stability. Significant deviation in the energy minimization score was observed in P350R, F321L, and R277W. Besides this, docking analysis confirmed that P350R, A319V, F321L, and R277W reduce the binding affinity of the protein with H-Ras, where P350R shows the most remarkable deviation. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that RASSF5 acts as a hub connecting two clusters consisting of 18 proteins and alteration in the RASSF5 may lead to disassociation of several signal cascades. Thus, based on these analyses, our study suggests that the reported functional SNPs may serve as potential targets for different proteomic studies, diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
A systematic literature review of closed-loop supply chains
Authors: Raza Syed Asif
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study research contributes in fulfilling the gap by carrying out a systematic literature review (SLR) of contemporary research studies in closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). To the best of the author’s knowledge, an SLR rooted in bibliometric analysis has not been carried focusing on advent developments in CLSC. SLR employs scientific methodologies to select papers from standard databases. The SLR using advanced bibliometric and network analysis enables unveiling the key features of the contemporary literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The author has analyzed over 333 documents published from 2008 and onward. Using the contemporary tools from bibliometric analysis tools, the author presented an exploratory analysis. A network analysis is utilized to visualize literature and create clusters for the cocited research studies, keywords and publication sources. A detailed multivariate analysis of most influential works published based top 100 articles via a cocitation matrix is done. The multivariate analysis used k-means clustering in which optimal number of clusters are estimated. The analysis is further extended by using a factor analysis, which enables determining the most influential clusters in the k-means clustering analysis.

Findings

The SLR using a bibliometric and network analysis enables unveiling the key features of the contemporary literature in CLSC. The author examined published research for influential authors, sources, region, among other key aspects. Network analysis enabled visualizing the clusters of cocited research studies, cowords and publication sources. Cluster analysis of cocited research studies is further explored using k-means clustering. Factor analysis extends findings by identifying most contributing grouping of research areas within CLSC research. Each clustering technique disclosed a unique grouping structure.

Originality/value

CLSC has received considerable attention, and its core areas start with focusing on reverse logistics concepts relating reuse, recycling, remanufacturing, among others. Contemporarily, the studies have enhanced reverse logistics core functionalities interfaced with the other interesting avenues related to CO2emission reduction, greening and environmental protection, sustainability, product design and governmental policies. Earlier studies have presented a literature review of CLSC; however, these reviews are commonly conducted in the traditional manner where the authors select papers based on their area of expertise, interest and experience. As such these reviews fall short in utilizing the advanced tools from bibliometric analysis.
A fuzzy DEMATEL – Fuzzy Binary Logistic Regression approach to evaluate and prioritize risks and simulated annealing optimization algorithm (an empirical study in energy projects)
Authors: Hashemi Reyhane , Kamranrad Reza , Bagheri Farnoosh , Emami Iman
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to predict and minimize the risks of oil, gas and petrochemical projects. Besides, reducing the likelihood of occurrence and minimizing risks impact on the projects to reduce the probable costs and improve the economic situation is another purpose of this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) – a technique that assist to solve decision-making problems – and IP (Impact & Probability) table methods to identify and analyze critical risks in energy projects, and then fuzzy Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) in order to predict the probability of each level of risk for more efficient risk management in projects. Furthermore, in this paper, the fuzzy BLR (FBLR) is optimized such that the probability of a high level of risk for the implementation of the project has been minimized using meta-heuristic algorithm.

Findings

The results from the point of view of experts show that combination of fuzzy DEMATEL with FBLR approach as well as using SA algorithm, in order to optimize the high level of risks, can provide a smart approach to managing risks with more success.

Practical implications

The application of the proposed method is illustrated via a real data set from energy projects.

Originality/value

We propose combined fuzzy DEMATEL and FBLR methods to predict and optimize the risks of the energy projects, which is the innovation of this paper.
A machine learning framework for enhancing digital experiences in cultural heritage
Authors: Belhi Abdelhak , Bouras Abdelaziz , Al-Ali Abdulaziz Khalid , Foufou Sebti
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Digital tools have been used to document cultural heritage with high-quality imaging and metadata. However, some of the historical assets are totally or partially unlabeled and some are physically damaged, which decreases their attractiveness and induces loss of value. This paper introduces a new framework that aims at tackling the cultural data enrichment challenge using machine learning.

Design/methodology/approach

This framework focuses on the automatic annotation and metadata completion through new deep learning classification and annotation methods. It also addresses issues related to physically damaged heritage objects through a new image reconstruction approach based on supervised and unsupervised learning.

Findings

The authors evaluate approaches on a data set of cultural objects collected from various cultural institutions around the world. For annotation and classification part of this study, the authors proposed and implemented a hierarchical multimodal classifier that improves the quality of annotation and increases the accuracy of the model, thanks to the introduction of multitask multimodal learning. Regarding cultural data visual reconstruction, the proposed clustering-based method, which combines supervised and unsupervised learning is found to yield better quality completion than existing inpainting frameworks.

Originality/value

This research work is original in sense that it proposes new approaches for the cultural data enrichment, and to the authors’ knowledge, none of the existing enrichment approaches focus on providing an integrated framework based on machine learning to solve current challenges in cultural heritage. These challenges, which are identified by the authors are related to metadata annotation and visual reconstruction.
A novel FMEA model based on fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making methods for risk assessment
Authors: Fattahi Reza , Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Reza , Khalilzadeh Mohammad , Shahsavari-Pour Nasser , Soltani Roya
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Risk assessment is a very important step toward managing risks in various organizations and industries. One of the most extensively applied risk assessment techniques is failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). In this paper, a novel fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM)-based FMEA model is proposed for assessing the risks of different failure modes more accurately.

Design/methodology/approach

In this model, the weight of each failure mode is considered instead of risk priority number (RPN). Additionally, three criteria of time, cost and profit are added to the three previous risk factors of occurrence (O), severity (S) and detection (D). Furthermore, the weights of the mentioned criteria and the priority weights of the decision-makers calculated by modified fuzzy AHP and fuzzy weighted MULTIMOORA methods, respectively, are considered in the proposed model. A new ranking method of fuzzy numbers is also utilized in both proposed fuzzy MCDM methods.

Findings

To show the capability and usefulness of the suggested fuzzy MCDM-based FMEA model, Kerman Steel Industries Factory is considered as a case study. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is conducted for validating the achieved results. Findings indicate that the proposed model is a beneficial and applicable tool for risk assessment.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, no research has considered the weights of failure modes, the weights of risk factors and the priority weights of decision-makers simultaneously in the FMEA method.
Understanding employees' adoption of the Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD): the roles of information security-related conflict and fatigue
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Ying , Chen Lirong , Yin Jin
Published: June 2020

Purpose

While the bring-your-own-device (BYOD) trend provides benefits for employees, it also poses security risks to organizations. This study explores whether and how employees decide to adopt BYOD practices when they encounter information security–related conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

Using survey data from 235 employees of Chinese enterprises and applying partial least squares based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we test a series of hypotheses.

Findings

The results suggest that information security–related conflict elicits information security fatigue among employees. As their information security fatigue increases, employees become less likely to adopt BYOD practices. In addition, information security–related conflict has an indirect effect on employee's BYOD adoption through the full mediation of information security fatigue.

Practical implications

This study provides practical implications to adopt BYOD in the workplace through conflict management measures and emotion management strategies. Conflict management measures focused on the reducing of four facets of information security–related conflict, such as improve organization's privacy policies and help employees to build security habits. Emotion management strategies highlighted the solutions to reduce fatigue through easing conflict, such as involving employees in the development or update of information security policies to voice their demands of privacy and other rights.

Originality/value

Our study extends knowledge by focusing on the barriers to employees' BYOD adoption when considering information security in the workplace. Specifically, this study takes a conflict perspective and builds a multi-faceted construct of information security–related conflict. Our study also extends information security behavior research by revealing an emotion-based mediation effect, that of information security fatigue, to explore the mechanism underlying the influence of information security–related conflict on employee behavior.
Social capital, employees' well-being and knowledge sharing: does enterprise social networks use matter? Case of Tunisian knowledge-intensive firms
Authors: Berraies Sarra , Lajili Rym , Chtioui Rached
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The objective of this research is to examine the mediating role of employees' well-being in the workplace in the relationship between the dimensions of social capital, namely structural, relational and cognitive social capital and knowledge sharing, as well as the moderating role of enterprise social networks between knowledge sharing and employees' well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was performed within a sample of 168 middle managers working in knowledge-intensive firms in Tunisia. The Partial Least Squares method was used to analyze the data collected.

Findings

Results highlight the importance of the dimensions of social capital as a lever for boosting knowledge sharing. It also reveals that employees' well-being plays a mediating role in the link between structural and relational social capital and knowledge sharing. Moreover, findings show that while enterprise social networks use does not moderate the relationship between employees' well-being and knowledge sharing, it has a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing.

Originality/value

On the basis of a socio-technical perspective of knowledge management, this research pioneers the examination of the mediating effect of employees' well-being in the link between dimensions of social capital and knowledge sharing and the moderating role of enterprise social networks use within knowledge-intensive firms. Findings of this study may help managers of knowledge-intensive firms in boosting knowledge sharing within organizations, in improving knowledge workers' well-being and thus in motivating and retaining these talented employees.
Understanding entrepreneurial academics ‐ how they perceive their environment differently
Authors: Davey Todd , Galan-Muros Victoria
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Academic entrepreneurship is seen as a pathway for universities to create value from their knowledge. However, there has been a lack of clarity about what activities constitute academic entrepreneurship, the different type of entrepreneurial academics and how their perceptions of their environment relate to their engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a large data set of 10,836 responses across 33 countries, the empirical study investigates European academics who undertake four academic entrepreneurship activities (spin-out creation, commercialisation of R&D results, joint R&D and consulting) to determine if they perceive the environment for academic entrepreneurship differently than those who undertake only some of the activities and those undertaking none at all.

Findings

The findings show that less than 1% of academics undertake exclusively spin-offs creation or R&D commercialisation; however, the majority also engage in other entrepreneurial activities such as joint R&D and consulting and even other education and management engagement activities with industry. In addition, entrepreneurial academics in Europe perceive significantly higher motivators and more developed supporting mechanisms for academic entrepreneurship. However, their perceptions of barriers are similar.

Practical implications

At a managerial and policy level, the study results call into question universities prioritising a narrow view of academic entrepreneurship which focusses only on spin-offs creation and R&D commercialisation. Instead, a broader view of academic entrepreneurship is recommended and appropriate mechanisms in place to enable academics to achieve research outcomes from their entrepreneurial activity.

Originality/value

This paper offers an important contribution on how the perception of the environment contributes to the development of entrepreneurial behaviour in individual academics.
Mejora de la satisfacción corporal en la madurez a través de un programa específico de imagen corporal
Authors: Sanchez-Cabrero Roberto
Published: June 2020

Se compara la mejora lograda en satisfacción corporal por un programa específico de intervención en imagen corporal en personas mayores con los resultados obtenidos en programas de intervención y animación social, con el propósito de valorar si son significativamente mejores que otros programas de carácter social.  De ser así, resulta relevante intervenir específicamente sobre la satisfacción corporal durante la vejez para evitar otros problemas relacionados como la depresión o la baja autoestima. En el estudio, se analizan las conexiones encontradas entre el género, la edad y la presencia de pareja sentimental estable, como características de gran importancia para la satisfacción corporal. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la relevancia de la satisfacción corporal durante esa etapa es cualitativamente diferente a edades anteriores, la intervención específica en imagen corporal es significativamente más efectiva que otros programas preventivos o que la maduración experimental.
Iapetan Oceans: An analog of Tethys?
Authors: Robert B. , Domeier M. , Jakob J.
Published: June 2020

The Iapetus Ocean opened during the breakup of Rodinia by the separation of the major continental blocks of Laurentia (LA), Baltica, and Amazonia (AM). Relics of protracted continental extension to rifting from 750 to 530 Ma are observed along those continental margins, including two distinct phases of rifting: (1) at 750–680 Ma, and (2) at 615–550 Ma. Conventionally, the second phase is thought to have led to the opening of the Iapetus, while the first phase marked a failed rifting attempt. We challenge this concept on the basis of a new review of the geological observations from those margins and propose the successive opening of two “Iapetan” ocean basins. First, a “Paleo-Iapetus” opened between LA and AM at ca. 700 Ma, followed by the opening of the “Neo-Iapetus” at 600 Ma, which led to the final disaggregation of the supercontinent Rodinia. This scenario better explains the absence of the second rifting phase in western AM, as well as an otherwise enigmatic late Neoproterozoic detrital zircon age fraction in Phanerozoic sediments along that margin. We further propose that the opening of the Neo-Iapetus led to the detachment of small terranes from LA and their drift toward AM, following subduction of the Paleo-Iapetus mid-ocean ridge and the arrival of a mantle plume around 615 Ma. This could be a direct, deep-time analog of the opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in the late Paleozoic.
Noble metal nanonugget insolubility in geological sulfide liquids
Authors: Anenburg Michael , Mavrogenes John A.
Published: June 2020

Noble metals (NMs) in Earth’s magmatic systems are thought to be controlled entirely by their strong partitioning to sulfide liquids. This chemical equilibrium is at the root of various models, ranging from NM deposit formation to planetary differentiation. Noble metals commonly occur as sub-micrometer phases known as nanonuggets. However, the assumptions that nanometer-scale thermodynamic equilibrium partitioning is attained and that NM nanonuggets are soluble in sulfide liquids have never been validated. Using novel experimental methods and analytical techniques we show nanometer-scale NM ± Bi phases attached to exterior surfaces of sulfide liquids. Larger phases (≤1 µm) show clear liquid immiscibility textures, in which Fe, Cu, and Ni partition into sulfide liquids whereas NMs partition into bismuthide liquids. Noble metal compositions of sulfides and their associated NM phases vary between adjacent droplets, indicating NM disequilibrium in the system as a whole. We interpret most nanometer-scale NMs contained within sulfides to be insoluble as well, suggesting that previously reported sulfide–silicate partition coefficients are overestimated. Consequently, sulfide liquids likely play a secondary role in the formation of some NM ore deposits.
Advances in the thermal and petrologic modeling of subduction zones
Authors: Peacock Simon M.
Published: June 2020

In the two decades since Subduction: Top to Bottom was published in 1996, improved analytical and numerical thermal-petrologic models of subduction zones have been constructed and evaluated against new seismological and geological observations. Advances in thermal modeling include a range of new approaches to incorporating shear (frictional, viscous) heating along the subduction interface and to simulating induced flow in the mantle wedge. Forearc heat-flux measurements constrain the apparent coefficient of friction (μ′) along the plate interface to <∼0.1, but the extent to which μ′ may vary between subduction zones remains challenging to discern owing to scatter in the heat-flux measurements and uncertainties in the magnitude and distribution of radiogenic heat production in the overriding crust. Flow in the mantle wedge and the resulting thermal structure depend on the rheology of variably hydrated mantle rocks and the depth at which the subducting slab becomes coupled to the overlying mantle wedge. Advances in petrologic modeling include the incorporation of sophisticated thermodynamic software packages into thermal models and the prediction of seismic velocities from mineralogic and petrologic models. Current thermal-petrologic models show very good agreement between the predicted location of metamorphic dehydration reactions and observed intermediate-depth earthquakes, and between the predicted location of the basalt-to-eclogite transition in subducting oceanic crust and observed landward-dipping, low-seismic-velocity layers. Exhumed high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphic rocks provide insight into subduction-zone temperatures, but important thermal parameters (e.g., convergence rate) are not well constrained, and metamorphic rocks exposed at the surface today may reflect relatively warm conditions in the past associated with subduction initiation or ridge subduction. We can anticipate additional advances in our understanding of subduction zones as a result of further testing of model predictions against geologic and geophysical observations, and of evaluating the importance of advective processes, such as diapirism and subduction-channel flow, that are not captured in hybrid kinematic-dynamic models of subduction zones but are observed in fully dynamical models under certain conditions.
An experimental test of the ecological mechanisms driving density-mediated carry-over effects in a seasonal population
Authors: Burant Joseph B. , Griffin Aidan , Betini Gustavo S. , Norris D. Ryan
Published: June 2020

Carry-over effects occur when past experience influences current individual performance. Although variation in conspecific density in one season has been shown to carry over to influence dynamics in the following season, the proximate ecological mechanisms driving these effects are unknown. One hypothesis is that high density decreases food availability, resulting in poor physiological condition, which in turn compromises performance the next season. Alternatively, high conspecific density could also lead to a high degree of antagonistic interactions, decreasing the amount of time individuals spend foraging. To investigate these hypotheses, we applied a factorial design where both conspecific density and per capita food availability during the non-breeding period were independently manipulated in seasonal populations of common fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830). Individual condition at the beginning of the breeding period was influenced by per capita food availability but not density during the previous non-breeding period. In contrast, reproductive output was most strongly influenced by the interaction between per capita food availability and density in the previous non-breeding period, such that populations that experienced high non-breeding densities and low food availability had the lowest reproductive output. However, the strength of this effect was relatively weak. Our results demonstrate how environmental and social conditions in one part of the annual cycle can carry over to influence individual performance in subsequent periods.
On the existence of invariant domain and local asymptotic behavior of a delayed onchocerciasis model
Authors: Ogunmiloro O. M. , Idowu A. S.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a mathematical model describing the transmission dynamics of onchocerciasis with distributed delays in infection incubation and recovery in humans and blackfly host population is formulated. We showed that the delayed model is positively invariant and bounded. Also, we obtain the onchocerciasis-free and endemic steady-state solutions as well as the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] of the delayed onchocerciasis model. We found that the delayed onchocerciasis model is locally asymptotically stable whenever [Formula: see text]. The findings suggest that, for [Formula: see text] to be less than unity, effective use of ivermectin drug for treatment, distribution of treated nets and cloths, etc., is necessary for the minimization and possible elimination of onchocerciasis infection.
Discovering the evolution of Beijing Rail Network in fifty years
Authors: Wang Zijia , Li Jingqi , Huang Liping , Yang Zhigang
Published: June 2020

Urban rail transit (URT) system plays a significant role in daily commuting. The main features of URT could be abstracted into two kinds of networks, topological network and transit network. The correlation between topological network and transit network could represent the service level of transportation which is also a main focus to some extent. In this study, static analysis based on one year or single analysis based on one aspect are abundant, the main reason of which is the deficiency of the consistent demand data. In this regard, a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and their correlation of the two network are carried out in this work. We first revisit the topological evolution of rail network on the basis of URT network statistic indicators with a fifty-year time span. Then, based on the traditional node-place model, a correctional node-place model between demand spatial distribution and closeness centrality is established. Pearson correlation coefficient is also employed for a precise analysis. Finally, the application of the model and the corresponding analysis on Beijing Subway System (BSS) examine and evaluate the development level and service level of URT system in Beijing, and some solid evidence for relative decision-making is provided.