bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Death and Its Investigation
Authors: Garland Jack , Little Dianne
Published: December 2018

Maternal deaths are a leading cause of death in young females worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Maternal mortality ratio, the number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, averages 240 in developing regions, but only 16 in developed regions.

Causes of maternal and pregnancy-related deaths can be subdivided into three broad categories. Direct maternal deaths result from obstetric complications of the pregnant state (i.e., pregnancy, labor, and puerperium) from interventions, omissions, incorrect treatment, or from a chain of events resulting from any of the above. Indirect maternal deaths result from previously existing diseases or diseases that developed during pregnancy, and which are not due to a direct obstetric cause, but are aggravated by the physiologic effects of pregnancy. Incidental maternal deaths are those from causes unrelated to pregnancy or the puerperium, including accidental deaths and homicide.

Maternal deaths carry significant short- and long-term impacts for family members and the role of the pathologist is an important part of the wider knowledge-gathering process that can contribute to changes in maternal mortality rates. This paper reviews the clinical and pathological features of common pregnancy-related disorders and gives guidelines for performing an autopsy related to maternal death.
A Review of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Australia – Considerations in 2018
Authors: Thng Caroline Chun Mei
Published: December 2018

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) bear a high burden of disease and, subsequently, high health costs globally. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis contribute to nearly one million infections every day worldwide. Sexually transmitted infections continue to be the most frequently notified condition to the Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and the numbers continue to increase. Australia has achieved several significant successes in reducing STIs and blood-borne viruses (BBV) including the significant decrease in genital warts in those less than 30 years old since 2007 following the launch of human papillomavirus vaccines in women, the virtual elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV, and the increased uptake of successful hepatitis C treatment following the availability of direct acting antiviral treatment on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.

However, several challenges remain, including the ongoing rise of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis over the last five years; the emergence of antibiotic resistance; and the increasing disparity in the prevalence of STIs and BBV in men who have sex with men, young people, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and challenges in the delivery of services to rural and remote Australia.

In this paper, we aim to provide a snapshot of the current landscape and challenges for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, mycoplasma, syphilis and HIV infections in Australia.
Metatarsal Osteotomies for Treating Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Nahed Marc , Assi Chahine
Published: December 2018

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are usually treated with conservative management based on debridement, topical agents, and nonsurgical off-loading; however, the recurrence rate following such standard care is reported to be high. In the case of recalcitrant or recurrent ulcers, a surgical off-loading technique such as the metatarsal osteotomy (MO) is indicated. Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of MO in treating DFUs. Four relevant studies were identified, including 119 patients with 129 DFUs; all wounds were refractory to a previous conservative treatment of a mean duration of 10.9 ± 4.2 months. With a mean follow-up period of 18.2 ± 5.7 months, the weighted pooled rates were as follows: 98.7% for ulcer healing (in a mean time to heal of 6.5 ± 1.2 weeks), 4.3% for ulcer recurrence, 10.3% for ulcer transfer, 3.7% for infection, and 3.4% for nonunion. These findings were found to be noticeably better than those reported in the literature following standard care, whether associated or not to nonsurgical off-loading methods and that for all the studied outcomes. Knowing the dismal natural history of recalcitrant DFUs treated conservatively, the results of the MO techniques seems to offer a promising alternative in terms of ulcer healing and ulcer complications. In addition to complicated wounds, the indications for MO could include noncomplicated ulcers with healing delay.

Level of Evidence: Level IV
Using Powerful Learning Experiences to Prepare School Leaders
Authors: Cunningham Kathleen M.W. , VanGronigen Bryan A. , Tucker Pamela D. , Young Michelle D.
Published: December 2018

Addressing systemic inequities in schools requires preparation of leaders who are bold, adaptive, and well-versed in addressing problems of practice so they can be effective leaders. This article offers a theory-to-practice resource for educational leadership faculty who are committed to developing such leadership. Drawing upon learning theories, it builds out the concept of powerful learning experiences (PLEs). Then, using examples drawn from UCEA’s (University Council for Educational Administration) Exemplary Educational Leadership Preparation Program award winners, this article describes ways the incorporation of PLEs help create valuable instructional experiences for leadership candidates to address problems of practice in PK-12 settings.
Barriers and Supports to Parent Involvement and Collaboration During Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Francis Grace L. , Regester April , Reed Alexandra S.
Published: December 2018

Parent involvement and parent–professional collaboration influence positive transitions from school into adult life among young adults with disabilities. However, parents frequently report being uninformed and uninvolved in transition planning and there is a paucity of information on how to develop these relationships in high school and postsecondary settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspectives of parents of young adults who graduated from a postsecondary education program. We conducted semistructured interviews with 26 parents of young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities who graduated from a postsecondary education program in the United States. Participants identified five primary barriers to parent–professional collaboration and six strategies to support parent involvement and collaboration. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Overview of the Molecular Steps in Steroidogenesis of the GABAergic Neurosteroids Allopregnanolone and Pregnanolone
Authors: Liang Jennifer J. , Rasmusson Ann M.
Published: December 2018

Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone—neurosteroids synthesized from progesterone in the brain, adrenal gland, ovary and testis—have been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions including seizure disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, post-partum depression, pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder, chronic pain, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, neurotrauma, and stroke. Allopregnanolone and pregnanolone equipotently facilitate the effects of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) at GABAA receptors, and when sulfated, antagonize N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. They play myriad roles in neurophysiological homeostasis and adaptation to stress while exerting anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-nociceptive, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, sleep promoting, memory stabilizing, neuroprotective, pro-myelinating, and neurogenic effects. Given that these neurosteroids are synthesized de novo on demand, this review details the molecular steps involved in the biochemical conversion of cholesterol to allopregnanolone and pregnanolone within steroidogenic cells. Although much is known about the early steps in neurosteroidogenesis, less is known about transcriptional, translational, and post-translational processes in allopregnanolone- and pregnanolone-specific synthesis. Further research to elucidate these mechanisms as well as to optimize the timing and dose of interventions aimed at altering the synthesis or levels of these neurosteroids is much needed. This should include the development of novel therapeutics for the many neuropsychiatric conditions to which dysregulation of these neurosteroids contributes.
Wiping out MRSA: effect of introducing a universal disinfection wipe in a large UK teaching hospital
Authors: Garvey Mark I. , Wilkinson Martyn A. C. , Bradley Craig W. , Holden Kerry L. , Holden Elisabeth
Published: December 2018

Background

Contamination of the inanimate environment around patients constitutes an important reservoir of MRSA. Here we describe the effect of introducing a universal disinfection wipe in all wards on the rates of MRSA acquisitions and bacteraemias across a large UK teaching hospital.

Methods

A segmented Poisson regression model was used to detect any significant changes in the monthly numbers per 100,000 bed days of MRSA acquisitions and bacteraemias from April 2013 - December 2017 across QEHB.

Results

From April 2013 to April 2016, cleaning of ward areas and multi-use patient equipment by nursing staff consisted of a two-wipe system. Firstly, a detergent wipe was used, which was followed by a disinfection step using an alcohol wipe. In May 2016, QEHB discontinued the use of a two-wipe system for cleaning and changed to a one wipe system utilising a combined cleaning and disinfection wipe containing a quaternary ammonium compound. The segmented Poisson regression model demonstrated that the rate of MRSA acquisition/100,000 patient bed days was affected by the introduction of the new wiping regime (20.7 to 9.4 per 100,000 patient bed days; p <0.005).

Discussion

Using a Poisson model we demonstrated that the average hospital acquisition rate of MRSA/100,000 patient bed days reduced by 6.3% per month after the introduction of the new universal wipe.

Conclusion

We suggest that using a simple one wipe system for nurse cleaning is an effective strategy to reduce the spread and incidence of healthcare associated MRSA.
The papilla as a biomarker in the molecular era of bladder oncology
Authors: Schultz Luciana
Published: December 2018

Background

Conventional optical microscopy has been fundamental in the diagnosis of cancer for over a century. Tumor morphology has prognostic value and impact on treatment choice, but integration with molecular knowledge can enhance the correlation with clinical behavior. A papillary structure implies that the proliferating epithelium has been able to interact with its microenvironment to conceive a fibrovascular core, suggesting a fair degree of differentiation.

Main body

In the bladder, a papillary architecture carries a favorable outcome and its presence is uniform in all non-invasive urothelial lesions, except for carcinoma in situ. Despite the increase in bladder cancer incidence, mortality has remained fairly stable for the last three decades, raising concern for overdiagnosis. Therefore, bladder cancer nomenclature has evolved to better communicate with the clinical scenario, including clinicians and patients. During this time, the need to incorporate new tools into morphology has raised a search for molecular biomarkers that grew exponentially with technology and scientific foment. Activating mutations in oncogenes like HRAS, PIK3 and FGFR3 are a hallmark of non-invasive papillary neoplasms, and their detection in advanced carcinomas is a favorable predictor of outcome. These alterations result in sustained proliferative stimuli and independent control of metabolism. Through the amplified interface of a papillary axis, the lamina propria can continue to supply nutrients, oxygen, hormones and other vital cellular needs to an increasing population of urothelial cells. mTOR regulates processes that require a substantial amount of matter and energy and alterations in this pathway are among the most frequent in urothelial tumors. Recent genomic landscape studies have provided data for molecularly subtyping urothelial cancers as luminal and basal. Within the luminal subtype, a p53-like signature is associated with chemoresistance. Luminal tumors, which phenotype is reminiscent of mature differentiated superficial cells, are enriched for papillary morphology and downregulation of miRNA involved in mTOR pathway regulation.

Conclusion

Because the papillary structure is the result of a transcriptional program and its post-transcriptional modifications, it is likely that its presence will be maintained in classification schemes as a powerful tool for clinical translation.
Projection methods and applications for seismic nonlinear inverse problems with multiple constraints
Authors: Peters Bas , Smithyman Brendan R. , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: December 2018

Nonlinear inverse problems are often hampered by local minima because of missing low frequencies and far offsets in the data, lack of access to good starting models, noise, and modeling errors. A well-known approach to counter these deficiencies is to include prior information on the unknown model, which regularizes the inverse problem. Although conventional regularization methods have resulted in enormous progress in ill-posed (geophysical) inverse problems, challenges remain when the prior information consists of multiple pieces. To handle this situation, we have developed an optimization framework that allows us to add multiple pieces of prior information in the form of constraints. The proposed framework is more suitable for full-waveform inversion (FWI) because it offers assurances that multiple constraints are imposed uniquely at each iteration, irrespective of the order in which they are invoked. To project onto the intersection of multiple sets uniquely, we use Dykstra’s algorithm that does not rely on trade-off parameters. In that sense, our approach differs substantially from approaches, such as Tikhonov/penalty regularization and gradient filtering. None of these offer assurances, which makes them less suitable to FWI, where unrealistic intermediate results effectively derail the inversion. By working with intersections of sets, we avoid trade-off parameters and keep objective calculations separate from projections that are often much faster to compute than objectives/gradients in 3D. These features allow for easy integration into existing code bases. Working with constraints also allows for heuristics, where we built up the complexity of the model by a gradual relaxation of the constraints. This strategy helps to avoid convergence to local minima that represent unrealistic models. Using multiple constraints, we obtain better FWI results compared with a quadratic penalty method, whereas all definitions of the constraints are in terms of physical units and follow from the prior knowledge directly.
Structural complexity inferred from anisotropic resistivity: Example from airborne EM and compilation of historical resistivity/induced polarization data from the gold-rich Canadian Malartic district, Québec, Canada
Authors: Mir Reza , Perrouty Stéphane , Astic Thibaut , Bérubé Charles L. , Smith Richard S.
Published: December 2018

Structurally complex zones within orogenic terranes typically correspond to areas where there is interference between multiple fold generations and are known to be favorable pathways for fluid flow because of their higher permeability. In the Canadian Malartic district, gold anomalies have been linked with zones of structural complexity that have been quantified by outcrop bedding orientation measurements and calculation of bedding variance maps. In this work, historical apparent resistivity and induced polarization data in the Canadian Malartic district were reprocessed and combined with new surveys to create a compilation of inverted chargeability and resistivity, which were then interpreted together with airborne electromagnetics and outcrop structural data. The results indicate chargeability anomalies, up to five times the background value, associated with the sulfide mineral content in monzodioritic dikes that are thickened in folds and hydrothermally altered. Although the airborne apparent half-space resistivity is mostly sensitive to conductive surficial cover, the inverted ground resistivity method is sensitive to deeper structure and likely represents bedrock signal at depths greater than 25 m. Inverted ground resistivity exhibits strong anisotropy in areas of subvertical bedding, where measured resistivities can vary by up to a factor of two, over the same location, depending on whether the survey lines are perpendicular or parallel to the strike of bedding. This result is observed at scales of 50 cm up to 100 m. Analysis of inverted ground resistivity together with bedding variance indicates a strong correlation between structurally complex zones with high bedding variance and a decrease in resistivity at depths greater than 25 m. This suggests that in places where the presence of disseminated gold cannot be directly detected, or where the outcrop exposure is limited due to overburden cover, geophysical data may still succeed in identifying structural complexity zones that could potentially host mineralization.
Intestine-Specific Overexpression of LDLR Enhances Cholesterol Excretion and Induces Metabolic Changes in Male Mice
Authors: Meoli Luca , Ben-Zvi Danny , Panciotti Courtney , Kvas Stephanie , Pizarro Palmenia , Munoz Rodrigo , Stylopoulos Nicholas
Published: December 2018

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most effective treatment options for severe obesity and related comorbidities, including hyperlipidemia, a well-established risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RYGB may facilitate development of equally effective, but less invasive, treatments. Recent studies have revealed that RYGB increases low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression in the intestine of rodents. Therefore, in this study we first examined the effects of RYGB on intestinal cholesterol metabolism in human patients, and we show that they also exhibit profound changes and increased LDLR expression. We then hypothesized that the upregulation of intestinal LDLR may be sufficient to decrease circulating cholesterol levels. To this end, we generated and studied mice that overexpress human LDLR specifically in the intestine. This perturbation significantly affected intestinal metabolism, augmented fecal cholesterol excretion, and induced a reciprocal suppression of the machinery related to luminal cholesterol absorption and bile acid synthesis. Circulating cholesterol levels were significantly decreased and, remarkably, several other metabolic effects were similar to those observed in RYGB-treated rodents and patients, including improved glucose metabolism. These data highlight the importance of intestinal cholesterol metabolism for the beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB and for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Hepatic Insulin Extraction in NAFLD Is Related to Insulin Resistance Rather Than Liver Fat Content
Authors: Utzschneider Kristina M , Kahn Steven E , Polidori David C
Published: December 2018

Context

Total insulin clearance is decreased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the relationship between liver fat and hepatic insulin extraction (HIE) is unknown.

Objective

This cross-sectional study addresses the hypothesis that HIE is reduced in NAFLD and investigates metabolic and/or anthropometric characteristics most closely associated with insulin clearance.

Participants

Nondiabetic subjects with NAFLD (n = 13) and age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls with normal liver enzymes (n = 15) underwent abdominal CT, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and labeled two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps.

Outcome Measurements

Liver fat was estimated by the CT liver/spleen ratio. Hepatic and extrahepatic insulin clearances were modeled using clamp and OGTT data.

Results

Extrahepatic insulin clearance and HIE were not different between NAFLD and controls and did not correlate with liver fat. HIE was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity [rate of glucose disposal (Rd; low r = +0.7, P < 0.001; high r = +0.6, P = 0.001), adiponectin (r = +0.55, P = 0.004), and insulin-mediated suppression of clamp nonesterified free fatty acid (NEFA; r = +0.67, P < 0.001)] but was not associated with fasting NEFA, insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production, or measures of adiposity. Extrahepatic insulin clearance was positively associated with percent body fat (r = +0.44, P = 0.02) and subcutaneous fat (r = +0.42, P = 0.03) but not BMI, intra-abdominal fat, liver fat, Rd, adiponectin, or NEFA.

Conclusions

HIE is not directly associated with hepatic steatosis but is associated with muscle and adipose tissue insulin resistance. The data suggest differential regulation of insulin clearance with extrahepatic insulin clearance being associated with body fat and not insulin sensitivity.
Characterization ofDrosophila Nidogen/entactinreveals roles in basement membrane stability, barrier function and nervous system patterning
Authors: Wolfstetter Georg , Dahlitz Ina , Pfeifer Kathrin , Töpfer Uwe , Alt Joscha Arne , Pfeifer Daniel Christoph , Lakes-Harlan Reinhard , Baumgartner Stefan , Palmer Ruth H. , Holz Anne
Published: December 2018

Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly composed of Laminin, type IV Collagen, Perlecan and Nidogen/entactin (NDG). Recent in vivo studies challenged the initially proposed role of NDG as major ECM linker molecule by revealing dispensability for viability and BM formation. Here, we report the characterization of the single Ndg gene in Drosophila. Embryonic Ndg expression was primarily observed in mesodermal tissues and the chordotonal organs, whereas NDG protein localized to all BMs. While loss of Laminin strongly affected BM-localization of NDG, Ndg null mutants exhibited no overt changes in the distribution of BM components. Although Drosophila Ndg mutants were viable, loss of NDG led to ultrastructural BM defects compromising barrier function and stability in vivo. Moreover, loss of NDG impaired larval crawling behavior and reduced responses to vibrational stimuli. Further morphological analysis revealed accompanying defects in the larval peripheral nervous system especially in the chordotonal organs and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Taken together, our analysis suggests that NDG is not essential for BM assembly but mediates BM stability and ECM-dependent neural plasticity during Drosophila development.
Frequency of Hypocalcaemia following Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Baloch Naseem , Taj Saima , Anwer Mariyah , Naseem Masooma
Published: December 2018

Background & Objective: Patients who undergo Total thyroidectomy are at higher risk for postoperative hypocalcaemia, which can lead to significant short and long term morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of postoperative hypocalcaemia undergoing Total thyroidectomy.

Methods: A total of 854 patients who underwent Total thyroidectomy and completion thyroidectomy between January 2003 to December 2016 at Endocrine Surgical unit, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, were included in this retrospective study. Data were obtained for demographics, preoperative diagnosis, postoperative calcium levels, extent of surgery and final surgical pathology.

Results: A total of 854 patients underwent Total thyroidectomy. Of these 87.58% (n=748) were malignant and 12.41% (n=106) were benign. Among the malignant and benign patients, 47.3% (n=404) underwent Total thyroidectomy and 52.69% (n=450) underwent completion thyroidectomy. Overall incidence of transient hypocalcaemia was 7% (n=60) and that of permanent hypocalcaemia was 0.11% (n= 1).

Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia is one of major concern following total- thyroidectomy. Meticulous surgical techniques, identification and preservation of vascularity of parathyroid glands are essential in preventing postoperative hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy.

How to cite this:Baloch N, Taj S, Anwer M, Naseem M. Frequency of Hypocalcaemia following Total Thyroidectomy. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):262-265.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.93

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of tillage costs among eight paddy farm regions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Karmini Karmini
Published: December 2018

Background: Tillage is done to prepare land for wetland paddy farming, and it is commonly done by hand tractor. The purposes of this study were to identify the levels of ownership of hand tractor by paddy farmers, to describe the rental of hand tractor in rural areas, to calculate and compare the tillage costs on eight paddy farm regions, and to understand the utilization of farm machinery for paddy farming in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Methods: The study areas were Subcities/Subdistricts of North Bontang, South Bontang, Muara Muntai, Loa Janan, Tenggarong Seberang, Waru, Penajam, and Babulu. Data collection was done by interviewing 380 respondents. Analysis of data used the Chi Square test.

Results: The number of hand tractor renters (87.37%) in East Kalimantan 2014 was bigger than that of hand tractor owners (12.63%). The tillage costs in Tenggarong Seberang, Loa Janan, and Muara Muntai in 2014 were IDR700,000.00 ha-1, IDR750,000.00 ha-1, and IDR700,000.00 ha-1, respectively. Tillage costs were the same in Babulu, Penajam, Waru, South Bontang, and North Bontang (IDR1,000,000.00  ha-1 in each district).

Conclusions: There are significant differences the number of hand tractor owners, the number of hand tractor renters, and the tillage costs among the eight paddy farm regions in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
The Transition. Convergence and discrepancy in the international and national press coverage of Spain’s major postwar international news export.
Authors: Guillamet Lloveras Jamue , Tulloch Christopher David
Published: December 2018

El papel de la prensa nacional y extranjera en la cobertura informativa de la Transición española a la democracia (1975-1978) ha sido una referencia constante en la historiografía del período de cambio político en España tras el final de la dictadura de Franco, así como en la cultura periodística. En este artículo presentamos los resultados generales de tres proyectos de investigación sobre el papel de la prensa extranjera, de la prensa diaria española y de la prensa no diaria en los que se pueden comprobar convergencias y discrepancias en el relato informativo, las valoraciones editoriales y los posicionamientos políticos. La mayor independencia y libertad informativa de la prensa extranjera contrasta con la proximidad de la prensa española al rey y al gobierno, con la excepción del apoyo crítico a la reforma de las nuevas revistas políticas y los diarios surgidos en los primeros meses del proceso de cambio político.
Influence of impaired selective motor control on gait in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Zhou J. Y. , Lowe E. , Cahill-Rowley K. , Mahtani G. B. , Young J. L. , Rose J.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by four neuromuscular deficits: weakness, short muscle-tendon unit, muscle spasticity and impaired selective motor control (SMC). We examined the influence of impaired SMC on gait in children with bilateral spastic CP. Delineating the influence of neuromuscular deficits on gait abnormalities can guide surgical and therapeutic interventions to reduce long-term debilitating effects of CP.

Methods

The relationship between impaired SMC and gait was assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis of Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) in relation to stance phase knee flexion and temporal-spatial gait parameters calculated using 3D kinematics for 57 children with bilateral spastic CP, ages seven to 11 years.

Results

Mean SCALE values were 5.8 (0 to 10, sd 3.0) and 5.7 (0 to 10, sd 2.9) for right and left legs, respectively. Multivariate linear regression models, including right and left SCALE and height, significantly predicted right and left knee flexion at initial contact (R = 0.479, p = 0.003; R = 0.452, p = 0.007, respectively) and right and left knee flexion in midstance (R = 0.428, p = 0.013; R = 0.407, p = 0.022, respectively). The model significantly predicted right and left step length (R = 0.645, p = 0.000; R = 0.523, p = 0.001, respectively) and predicted gait velocity (R = 0.444, p = 0.008). The model including SCALE did not predict step width.

Conclusion

Results indicate impaired SMC predicts increased knee flexion at initial contact, and reduces step length and velocity. Understanding the influence of impaired SMC on gait can inform decisions regarding therapy and surgery, such as hamstring lengthening.

Level of evidence

Level II Retrospective Study
Reflections on Common Misunderstandings When Using AHP and a Response to Criticism of Saaty’s Consistency Index
Authors: Garuti Claudio
Published: December 2018

This essay deals with misunderstandings which, in this author’s opinion, seem to prevail in the minds of some AHP critics. The main apparent problem is the lack of necessary knowledge about the scale concept including what a scale is, how it is mathematically defined, and what one can or cannot do with a scale. This knowledge is critical for a good understanding of AHP. This study will review the concept of scales, discuss common misconceptions, introduce the compatibility index G and explain how it addresses one of the previous fallacies perpetuated about AHP.
A FRAMEWORK USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN JAPAN TO EVALUATE PROJECTS BASED ON OUTCOMES
Authors: Iida Yoichi , Koizumi Ryo
Published: December 2018

Currently, in Japan, women are required to participate and advance in the workplace because of the decline in the labor population. However, it is very difficult for them to do so because of the patriarchal system within Japanese history. In the 1990s, local governments began various projects to encourage women to participate in society. At the same time, local government administrations were introduced to project evaluation to boost the efficiency of their projects. However, project evaluation did not function well because project evaluation needs to be linked to outcomes of the program, and the outcome step was often performed independently. The purpose of this paper is to show how to perform project evaluation to promote women’s active participation in society in Japan.  Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, we show how to evaluate projects in a way that can connect to the outcomes of the program. This framework can also be used to calculate the degree of contribution of projects in the program from two perspectives. First, the decision makers in a local government evaluate the outcomes of the program and second, the people in charge of the projects that make up the program do the evaluation for their own projects. In this paper, we evaluated actual projects of a city in Japan and were able to show the direction they should take, such as reduction or expansion for each project in the next fiscal year, by using numerical values obtained in the process of calculation by this framework.
PRIORITIZATION OF THE INDICATORS AND SUB-INDICATORS OF MAQASID AL-SHARIAH IN MEASURING LIVEABILITY OF CITIES
Authors: Islam Rafikul , Dali Norimah Md. , Abdullah Alias
Published: December 2018

Opinions were sought from a panel of two groups of Malaysian experts, i.e., the urban planners and the Maqasid al-Shariah scholars with the aim of developing an evaluation model via identifying and ranking the Maqasid indicators and sub-indicators for liveability and quality of life in cities. The measurement utilizes the Dharuriyyat (essentials or necessities) dimension of the Maqasid al-Shariah principles based on Al-Shatibi’s School of maslahah which targets public interests and benefits of living in cities. This is supported by Ibn Ashur and contemporarily by Yusuf al-Qaradhawi who emphasize harmony, justice and global peace. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used as the main method to prioritize the indicators and sub-indicators. The AHP results indicate that religion, life, intellect, lineage and wealth are in descending order of importance, similar to the priorities of the classic Maqasid al-Shariah doctrine. However, the sub-indicators are ranked in terms of priorities based on the consensus of the urban planners and maqasid practitioners which ultimately form the Islamic liveability measurement for cities.
Our News Editor in the News
Authors: Mu Enrique
Published: December 2018

We are pleased to inform you that our news editor, Dr. Valentina Ferretti, has been appointed as Associate Professor in Project Appraisal at the Politecnico of Torino, Italy.
A INOVAÇÃO REPRESENTADA PELA ACEITAÇÃO, ADOÇÃO E USO DE SOFTWARES-LIVRES EM EMPRESAS DE MICRO E PEQUENO PORTE NA REGIÃO CENTRO-OESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Tanganelli Junior José Maria , Christino Juliana Maria Magalhães , Paim Newton Amaral , Oliveira Josmária Lima Ribeiro de , Paiva Ricardo Viana Carvalho de
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo descreve os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica realizada junto a profissionais de Tecnologia da Informação, que teve como objetivo geral compreender o processo de aceitação, adoção e uso de softwares-livres em micro e pequenas empresas da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Dentre os achados do trabalho identificou-se que o nível de concordância dos respondentes com a aceitação do software-livre nas empresas foi maior no aspecto intenção de uso do que, propriamente, no comportamento de uso. Em seguida, foi possível afirmar que a expectativa de esforço exerce influência positiva neste grupo com relação à intenção de uso, assim como também constatou-se que há uma influência positiva e significativa da chamada motivação hedônica sobre a intenção de uso de softwares-livres, porém, por outro lado foi detectado um quadro de indecisão por parte dos respondentes com relação à intenção de substituição dos softwares proprietários por livres.
AS CARREIRAS PROTEANA E SEM FRONTEIRAS E AS ÂNCORAS DE CARREIRA: UM ESTUDO COM PROFISSIONAIS DA ÁREA DE SAÚDE EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Ribeiro Rafaella Portes Diniz , Nunes Simone Costa , Lopes Humberto Elias Garcia
Published: December 2018

Este artigo objetiva identificar a relação entre âncoras de carreira e atitudes referentes a uma orientação de carreira proteana ou sem fronteira em profissionais da área da saúde. Foram aplicados três questionários: Escala de Atitudes de Carreira Proteana e Escala de Atitudes de Carreira Sem Fronteira, desenvolvidas por Briscoe, Hall e DeMuth (2006); e o inventário Âncoras de Carreira, de Schein (1993). Os resultados apontam para: certa adesão a um desses tipos de carreira, sendo a carreira proteana mais aderente aos homens e a carreira sem fronteira, às mulheres; pessoas com maior escolaridade (pós-graduação) mostram maior aderência aos dois tipos de carreira; não há evidências de relação entre as escolhas das âncoras de carreira e o grau de adesão à orientação de carreira proteana ou sem fronteira; a âncora estilo de vida é a preferida desse público, refletindo a necessidade dos participantes em equilibrar e integrar vida familiar e trabalho.
MARKETING SOCIAL E MARKETING SOCIETAL: A CONFUSÃO CONCEITUAL ATINGIU A ACADEMIA
Authors: Andreoli Taís Pasquotto , Lima Váldeson Amaro , Minciotti Silvio Augusto
Published: December 2018

Em recente trabalho elaborado por Andreoli, Lima e Minciotti (2016), constatou-se que a produção científica referente aos temas marketing social e marketing societal encontra-se eivada de erros e confusões conceituais. Diante da gravidade dessa constatação, procurou-se avaliar a extensão desse problema e, assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar se essa confusão conceitual encontrada na produção acadêmica nacional sobre os temas, também permeia o ensino, analisando o conhecimento e entendimento dos potenciais futuros pesquisadores da área, sobre esses temas. Para tanto, adotou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, realizada por meio de survey junto aos alunos de pós-graduação stricto sensu (mestrado e doutorado) dos dois melhores programas do país na área de Administração, com linha de pesquisa em Marketing. Os resultados encontrados corroboram a confusão conceitual acerca dos temas também entre os mestrandos e doutorandos, revelando o desconhecimento deles acerca dessas temáticas, fato que se mostrou ainda mais evidente para o marketing societal.
POTENCIAL DE FITOEXTRAÇÃO DE COBRE POR AVEIA PRETA EM ÁREA DE VINHEDOS NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Panziera André Gonçalves , Swarowsky Alexandre , Estefanel Valduino , Gomes Bruno Casanova Vilaverde
Published: December 2018

Contaminações cúpricas em áreas de vinhedos no sul do Brasil são comuns devido ao combate de doenças fúngicas. A fitoextração pode viabilizar a descontaminação, pois é econômica e ambientalmente favorável. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a adaptação e o potencial de fitoextração da aveia preta em solo com diferentes doses de cobre. Foi coletado o solo contaminado por cobre em área de vinhedos em mata nativa, ambos nas dependências da Embrapa, no município de Bento Gonçalves - RS. Com base na análise química do solo contaminado, 5 dosagens (0, 45, 90, 135 e 180mg/kg) de sulfato de cobre II foram aplicadas em vasos com solo coletado de mata nativa, utilizado no cultivo da aveia preta em casa de vegetação. Foi monitorada a altura e o diâmetro do colmo das plantas e, no final do experimento, as raízes, o caule e a parte aérea foram submetidas à análise do teor de cobre. A média de altura, diâmetro e massa seca da aveia preta foram de 77,00cm; 9,58mm e 3031kg/ha, respectivamente. Nos níveis de contaminação de 0, 45; 90; 135 e 180mg/kg, ocorreu a extração de 97,92; 113,58; 108,13; 116,86 e 188,58mg/kg de cobre, respectivamente. A aveia preta demonstrou potencial de fitoextração frente às condições de solo e contaminações de cobre propostas.
“ESTADO DA ARTE” SOBRE AS PUBLICAÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS ENVOLVENDO ACIDENTES COM TRATORES EM VIAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Bellochio Sabrina Dalla Corte , Alonço Airton Dos Santos , Vargas Francieli De , Possebon Gessieli , Lopes Tiago Gonçalves
Published: December 2018

O trator agrícola desempenha importante função no setor rural. Em concomitante, vem a segurança do operador na operação e no deslocamento dos tratores em vias de circulação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar as produções científicas sobre acidentes com tratores em vias públicas brasileiras. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura do período de 2012 a 2016, em recursos disponíveis on-line, sendo selecionadas 36 produções científicas. Por meio da análise, foi observado que mais de 50% do total dos acidentes com máquinas agrícolas ocorrem em vias públicas de circulação, com destaque para a colisão, observada em 77% das ocorrências. Quanto às regiões do país, Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste apresentaram o maior número de acidentes. De modo geral, as publicações sobre acidentes em vias públicas no Brasil, voltadas para as máquinas e tratores agrícolas, mostraram-se incipientes e demonstram possibilidade de abrangência em rodovias estaduais e municipais. Ainda são necessárias políticas públicas voltadas para o problema, criando condições e mecanismos capazes de maximizar ações, visto que a falta de conhecimento e de informação sobre a operação segura do maquinário e sua relação com os acidentes é comum entre os operadores.
The role of genre-based community music: A study of two UK ensembles
Authors: Tapson Kit , Daykin Norma , Walters David M.
Published: December 2018

Background: there is a growing trend towards addressing social inclusion through community music, and at the same time, increasing interest in the way that participatory music can benefit health and well-being. However, relatively little research has been undertaken on community ensembles that addresses personal and social well-being through genre-based music. This pilot study examined community music impacts and processes in contexts where there are higher than average health needs and well-being inequalities. Methods: participant observation and semi structured interviews were undertaken with music leaders, project managers and musicians in two UK ensembles: a Community Orchestra (CO) that focuses on reggae and a jazz Big Band (BB). Thematic analysis identified twelve key themes. Findings: while each ensemble addresses specific needs, common themes and challenges were identified. These include positive and negative experiences that are mediated by musical identity and genre, inclusive practices, the role of the Music Director (MD), community connections, and governance and structure. Conclusions: membership of a community ensemble can afford creative and educational opportunities as well as supporting the well-being of members and a wider sense of empowerment in the communities from which they are drawn.
An unusual coronoid fracture in a fragment of ulna recovered from the Prehistoric site of Buraca da Moira Rock Shelter (Boa Vista, Leiria)
Authors: Assis Sandra , Branco Rute , Carvalho Vânia , Dias Rita , Duarte Carlos , Évora Marina , Farias Anne , Holliday Trenton , Marreiros João , Matias Roxane , Monteiro Patrícia , Nora David , Paixão Eduardo , Pereira Telmo
Published: December 2018

In 2015, several disarticulated human skeletal remains were identified in the top layers of the prehistoric site of Buraca da Moira Rock Shelter (Boa Vista, Leiria), during the archaeological excavation carried out under the scope of the EcoPLis — Human Occupations in the Pleistocene Ecotones of the River Lis project. The recovery of chert, constiquartz and quartzite blanks, a schist plate, as well as adornments in bone and shell indicates a Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic chronology. The disarticulated human assemblage, composed of a total of 129 bone and tooth fragments, allowed the estimation of a minimum number of six individuals. Among the remains recovered, an upper portion of an adult right ulna lacking the coronoid process was identified. Replacing it, a semi-oval groovewith smooth contours and exposing some trabecular bone was observed. The location, type of bone change, and the observed signs of bone healing are consistent with an uncommon trauma: a fracture of the coronoid process. In the differential diagnosis, both postmortem changes and developmental disturbances were considered but later excluded. The mechanisms that underlie the bone changes are discussed in light of the clinical and paleopathological literature.
Cribra orbitalia en restos óseos de una cripta religiosa en el sur de la Península Ibérica: La Ermita de San Telmo de Jerez de la Frontera (España)
Authors: Moreno Gonzalo Castro , Racero Rafael Jorge
Published: December 2018

La Ermita de San Telmo, en Jerez de la Frontera (España), fue construida entre los siglos XVI y XVII por una cofradía religiosa de carácter gremial, concretamente, de los pescadores y barqueros del entorno del río Guadalete y la Bahía de Cádiz. Tras la intervención arqueológica realizada en el año 2015 durante las labores de restauración y rehabilitación de la Ermita, se pudo localizar el acceso a una cripta con un total de 21 nichos que contenían toda una serie de reducciones esqueléticas, en su mayor parte de individuos subadultos. La cripta fue abierta a mediados del siglo XX y los nichos alterados en su mayoría, por lo que nos encontramos con los mismos en un estado de conservación moderado. Concluida la excavación arqueológica de la misma, se ha realizado el estudio de los restos óseos, incluyendo la identificación anatómica, poniendo especial atención en el estudio del perfil demográfico básico y estudio paleopatológico de los restos, habiéndose observado en fragmentos de cráneo cribra orbitalia, datos que serán cruzados con los archivos existentes y que nos permitirán conocer con mayor exactitud la población infantil de los siglos XVI y XVII en la ciudad de Jerez de la Frontera.
Propuesta de un índice climático-turístico adaptado al turismo de interior en la Península Ibérica: aplicación a la ciudad de Madrid
Authors: Millán López Alfredo , Fernández García Felipe
Published: December 2018

En la década de los 90 del siglo XX, en el caso de España, surge un nuevo concepto de turismo muy distinto al clásico del litoral —conocido por turismo de sol y playa—. Este turismo, al que se denomina turismo de interior, engloba un amplio espectro de actividades y recursos —culturales, patrimoniales, naturales, urbanos, rurales, negocios…— y ha protagonizado un importante auge en los últimos años, precisamente por la puesta en valor de todos estos recursos. Pero existe un recurso potencial que hasta ahora no se ha tenido en cuenta cuando se elaboran estudios sobre el turismo de interior en España: el recurso clima y su influencia sobre el confort de los turistas. En esta comunicación se presenta el desarrollo e implementación de un índice climático-turístico, denominado ICTI (Índice Climático Turístico de Interior) elaborado a partir de la modificación del TCI de Mieczkowski (1985). Se trata de un proceso de adaptación al turismo de interior en la Península Ibérica, en el que se pretende comprobar sus posibilidades y limitaciones para la evaluación del clima y su influencia en este tipo de turismo. Con este índice se analiza y caracteriza el modelo de aptitud climático-turística de la ciudad de Madrid y el clima como indicador del potencial turístico de un destino de interior.
Evolución espacio temporal de las playas con Bandera Azul en las Islas Baleares (1987-2018), consecuencias en su mejora y recuperación morfológica
Authors: Roig-Munar Francesc Xavier , Pintó Josep , Martín-Prieto José Ángel , Rodríguez-Perea Antonio
Published: December 2018

La condición de Bandera Azul en las playas urbanas o semiurbanas se viene otorgando desde finales del siglo XX con el objetivo de premiar normas de calidad ambiental en sistemas donde el medio ambiente se había visto reducido por la aplicación de medidaks de planificación, ordenación y/o gestión que no incluían, en muchos casos, criterios geomorfológicos. El estudio analiza, mediante variables geoambientales, la evolución espacio-temporal de 20 playas de las islas Baleares distinguidas con la Bandera Azul entre 1987 y 2018, demostrando que el galardón, por sí mismo, no ha contribuido a la mejora geomorfológica de estos sistemas playa-duna. El uso de las variables permite analizar tendencias de cada playa para determinar medidas de gestión encaminadas a la recuperación del sistema a su explotación.
Perspectiva geográfica de la caza en Mallorca
Authors: Barceló Adrover Antoni , Grimalt Gelabert Miquel , Binimelis Sebastián Jaume
Published: December 2018

A partir de datos oficiales de titulares de licencias de caza y espacios cinegéticos proporcionados por el Servei de Caça del Departament de Desenvolupament Local del Consell de Mallorca se realiza un estudio de detalle sobre las implicaciones sociales y territoriales de la actividad cinegética en la isla. Por una parte, se analiza la distribución, la edad, el género, la tipología de licencia y el origen de las personas que practican la caza y, por otra parte, se examina la categoría, la localización y la extensión de los espacios cinegéticos y de los refugios de fauna. Tomando como referencia las demarcaciones administrativas y en función del índice de superficie de terreno de caza por persona, se establece una categorización en municipios demandantes, ofertantes o equilibrados en cuanto a espacios de caza. Finalmente, se valora el devenir reciente de la caza, muy condicionado por cambios de uso del suelo y de cuestionamiento de la actividad, por lo cual resulta de especial importancia la planificación cinegética.