bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sperm DNA Fragmentation Among Smokers and Non-Smokers as Measured by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test
Authors: Azizan Azha Syahril , Mustafa Kamarul Bahyah , Abdul Wahab Azantee Yazmie , Ramli Roszaman , Abu Ishak Nurkhairulnisa
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Traditionally, seminal fluid analysis is done to assess male infertility particularly sperm concentration, morphology and motility. Sperm chromatin dispersion test explores the quality of the sperm DNA structures. High sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with unexplained infertility, failure of assisted reproduction and recurrent miscarriages. Smoking has been associated with high sperm DNA fragmentation in some studies but not in others. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study, involving 32 smokers and 32 non-smokers to determine the association between cigarette smoking and sperm DNA fragmentation. Semen samples were collected from patients undergoing seminal fluid analysis (SFA) at the IIUM Fertility Centre and IIUM Medical Centre O&G Clinic from January 2017 to June 2018. Sperm chromatin dispersion test was done and level of 15% is considered upper limit of normal. Results: 53.1% in the smoker group have abnormal level of sperm DNA fragmentation compared to 34.4% of nonsmokers. The median and interquartile range for smokers were 15.30 and 19.0 (10.425 - 29.375) respectively while for non-smokers were 8.25 and 17.8 (4.075 - 21.850) which was statistically significant (p= 0.012). It was also noted that three participants in the smoker group (9.4%) has very high sperm DNA fragmentation index of more than 80% even though they have normal seminal fluid analysis. Conclusion: There is an association between smoking and high sperm DNA fragmentation. There is a trend of increased in DNA fragmentation in smokers even though their SFA results were normal.
Fasting in Islam: A Combination of Spiritual Elevation and Prevention of Diseases
Authors: Ali Khan Muhammad Muzaffar , M.Nor Noraisha , Mamat Nik Mazlan , Mohd-Shukri Nor Azwani , Abu Bakar Wan Azdie Mohd
Published: January 2021

The obligatory fasting of Ramadan is not only an Islamic ritual to enhance the God-consciousness (called Taqwa), it may also lead to improvement of health status of fasting person(s). In other words, it is a complete overhauling instrument of Muslims soul/body in terms of faith and health. This can be termed as “Islamic fasting: a combination of spiritual elevation and prevention of diseases”. During fasting Muslims try to maintain integrity of the human body both physically and spiritually. It not only keeps us healthy physically/spiritually but also makes us healthy in social obligations. Furthermore, with full devotion it brings long-lasting changes in the individual’s life and relate to the level of righteousness and strength of character to resist desires. In health fasting plays an important role, for example the improvement of hyperlipidemia, obesity (fat loss), diabetes, cognition, cell functions, immunological factors, inflammation, stress and lifespan etc. This article is an effort to review and discuss research carried out on the listed conditions during the holy month of Ramadan on various aspects of human health.
Sequencing-Based Analysis for the Identification of Bacteria Associated with Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC)
Authors: Zainuddin Zarina , Paiman Abdul Qahhar Bin , Ardini Yunita Dewi
Published: January 2021

Severe early childhood caries (SECC) is a microbialinfection that severely compromises the dentition ofyoung children.The aim of this study is toidentify bacteria associated with SECC and compare bacterial species between SECC and caries-free children. Bacterial samples were isolated from dental plaque samples of 3 to 6-yearold preschool children and the status of dental caries at the surface level was evaluated using World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DFMS). 30 samples from the interproximal part were collected and genomic DNA was extracted using MasterPure™ Gram Positive DNA Purification Kit. Polymerase Reaction (PCR) was conducted on the genomic DNA extracted to amplify 16S rRNA gene and successfully amplified 16S rRNA gene from the samples was sent for sequencing.This research was approved by the IIUM Research Ethic Committee (IREC). Using the selected kit, genomic DNA was successfully extracted and PCR amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNAgeneusing universal bacterial primers was achieved giving a product of 1500 bp. Results from sequencing when analysedusing BLAST from the NCBI website, identified bacteria from the genus Vibrio, Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter from SECC samples while for caries-free samples Granulicatella was identified.
Childhood Pancreatitis: A Case Series
Authors: Sukiman Hamzah , Muhamad Zaki Mohd Latiff Iqramie , Sharudin Mohd Fauzi , Md Sobri Mohd Arief
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is relatively rare in children. Published local data on childhood pancreatitis is even vanishingly scarce. Our intent is to evaluate the demography, aetiology, clinical course, and complications of children with acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: A singlecentre, retrospective review of patients aged 12 years or younger, admitted between January 2016 to February 2018 with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis performed. Demographic data, aetiology, and serum amylase on admission were collected. DeBanto score for assessment of severity was calculated (at admission and at 48H) and patients’ clinical outcome was assessed. Results: A total of eight patients, aged between 3 to 12 years (median 8.0 years) were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Malays made up the majority (50%) but the Orang Asli is over-represented at 37.5%. Most were idiopathic (50%), but 25% of pancreatitis were caused by helminths. All patients presented with abdominal pain as the primary complaint. Most of them followed a mild course of disease; all but one patient had a DeBanto score of <3. Mean length of stay was 5 days, and two patients went on to develop complications (pancreatic pseudocyst and recurrent pancreatitis). Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis remains an important diagnosis for children presenting with abdominal pain. In addition to commonly described aetiologies, helminthic infestation is an important cause of acute pancreatitis, especially among rural communities in the state of Pahang.
The Use of Active Melioidosis Detect TM in Early Diagnosis of Melioidosis in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan and Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah
Authors: Wan Ramli Wan Nurliyana
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Melioidosis is endemic in Malaysia and an important cause of sepsis. Current gold standard for diagnosis is by culture method,but its long procedure will delay the treatment leading to hospital-related mortality.Thus,a good rapid test is needed to reduce its mortality burden. Recently, Active Melioidosis Detect (AMD) have been shown to be useful. Objectives: (1)To measure the sensitivity and specificity of AMD. (2)To study the sensitivity and specificity of early morning urine AMD compared to spot urine AMD. Materials and method: A prospective crosssectional study of clinically suspected melioidosis patients in HTAA and HSNZ from April until December 2018. Blood and urine samples were tested with AMD. Test results were analysed for sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Results: A total of 89 patients were included in this study.The mean age is 52 years old, and 56.3% were male gender.64% of patients have diabetes mellitus.11 patients have positive blood culture for Bukholderia pseudomallei, 4 of them were tested positive for AMD.3 of them presented with septic shock (3.4%), however none died.The sensitivity of the AMD was 36.4% ([95% CI 12.4 to 68.4]) and the specificity was 66.7% ( [95% CI 46.0 to 82.8]) in all samples, with positive predictive value of 30.7% and negative predictive value of 72%.Blood samples have lower sensitivity of 9.1% ([95% CI 4.8 to 42.9]) with high specificity of 100% ([95% CI 84.5 to 100]). Urine spot samples have higher sensitivity compared to serum and morning urine, with 36.4% ([95%CI 12.4 to 68.4]) and specificity of 88.9% ([95% CI 69.7 to 97.1]). Conclusion: From this pilot study, this test requires further evaluation before incorporating as point of care assay.
Achilles Tendon Rupture: Double the Trouble
Authors: Ahmad Wafiuddin , Roslan Ahmad Faizal , Amir Faisal , Siron Khairul Nizam
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the body . Achilles tendon rupture is a debilitating ankle injury especially among the athletes. We would like to highlight an unusual case of acute dual-level injuries of the Achilles tendon. Case report: A 30-year-old footballer presented with left ankle injury during a football tournament. Examination revealed tenderness at posterior left heel, palpable gap at Achilles tendon region and positive Thompson test. Radiological assessment showed dual-level injuries of the Achilles tendon-proximally was a rupture at musculotendinous junction and distally was an avulsion calcaneal fracture. We performed a mini-open approach Achilles tendon reconstruction for this patient. First, we reconstructed the distal avulsion calcaneal fracture using double row anchor sutures technique. Next, we repaired the proximal ruptured Achilles tendon using percutaneous Achilles reconstruction system (PARS) from Arthrex. Postoperatively, patient was put on functional rehabilitation protocol. At present, patient recovers well and regains back the Achilles tendon function. In conclusion, segmental Achilles tendon injury is rare and its surgical treatment can be challenging and must be well-planned.
Effects of Chronic Organic Arsenic Exposure on Rats Kidney - Light Microscopy and Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Wan Salleh Wan Muhamad Salahudin , A. Talib Norlelawati , Abdullah Nor Zamzila , Aung Sanda , Buyong Zunariah
Published: January 2021

Introduction:  Monosodium methylarsonate (MSMA) is an organic arsenical pesticide widely used in agriculture. Humans are exposed to arsenic through drinking water and anthropogenic activities. Exposure to inorganic arsenic has been linked with multiple health problems. However, studies focusing on chronic organic arsenic exposure and its adverse effects on kidney were limited. The purpose of current study was to determine the effects of chronic organic arsenic exposure in rats kidney by light and electron microscopy. Materials and Method:  Thirty-six male SpragueDawley rats were divided into six groups (n=6); three control and three treatment group respectively. All the control group was given distilled water via oral gavage. The treatment group was given oral gavage of MSMA at 42.10 mg/kg body weight (BW) which is equivalent 1/30 LD50 of MSMA. The control and treatment groups were sacrificed at two month, four month and six months interval. Both kidneys harvested for light microscopy and electron microscopy study. Results: Showed progressive changes. The changes initially focal and became diffused involving glomerular; such as glomerular hypercellularity, glomerular shrinkage and dilated Bowman's space. Meanwhile, in proximal tubules, showed diminished brush borders, detachment of nucleus and basement membrane thickening. Electron microscopy showed flattened cell bodies of podocytes, effacement and fusion of podocytes foot processes, thickening of glomerular basement membrane, and discontinuity of brush border. The control and two-months treated group appeared to be normal. Conclusion:  Chronic organic arsenic (MSMA) exposure induced chronic kidney injury.
Biliary Stent Migration Causing Simultaneous Duodenal and Distal Ileal Perforation: A Rare Complication
Authors: Perisamy Rajeev Shamsuddin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram pancreatography (ERCP) and biliary stenting is a minimally invasive procedure widely utilised to relieve biliary obstruction. Although not common, it is related with several possible complications. Stent migration causing duodenal perforation is 1 of its rare complications as being described in several previous case reports. However up to date there is no case report on migrated stent with subsequent duodenal and distal ileal perforation as will be discussed here. Importance of radiological examinations and its related findings in diagnosing this very rare complication will be described in this article.
Is there any Need for Health Intervention on Pediculosis Capitis in Public Primary Schools in Kuantan, Pahang?
Authors: Mohd Zaki Muhammad Aqlan , Mohd Tohit Nor Faiza , Mohd Rus Razman
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis  among primary school children is a global problem which poses significant consequences among school children and caregivers alike. Previous studies showed an association between pediculosis capitis and sociodemographic factors such as school location, age, gender, ethnicity, parental education, monthly household income, number of siblings and number of family members. Primary schools in Malaysia consist of National School and National-type school (Chinese) and (Tamil), all of which have different sociodemographic backgrounds. Thus, this study aims to investigate and compare the prevalence of  pediculosis capitis  among children of different types of primary school in Kuantan to properly plan for future intervention.  Materials and method:  An analytical crosssectional study using stratified random sampling was carried out. The schools were stratified according to their types. Number of respondents from each school was determined by proportionate-to-size. Respondents from standard one to six were given self-administered validated questionnaire. Then, their hair and scalp were examined for the evidence of  pediculosis capitis. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics.  Results:  There were 1,365 respondents involved in this study; consisting of students from National Schools (n=791), Chinese Schools (n=424) and Tamil  Schools  (n=150). The overall median age was 8.0 years. Majority of them were males (53.41%), of Malays ethnicity (60.29%), with household income between RM1000-RM2999 (31.87%) and from urban school location (98.68%). The overall prevalence of  pediculosis capitis  was 9.6% (n=131). The prevalence of  pediculosis capitis  among the selected schools was found to be the highest in National-type school (Tamil) at 33.33% (n=50), followed by National School at 7.33% (n=58) and National-type school (Chinese) at 5.42% (n=23). Conclusion: Pediculosis capitis  showed an endemicity in all types of primary schools. Hence, preventive measures are necessary to reduce the transmission of head lice among school children.
Colon Cancer in Patients Younger Than Age 50 in Kuantan: Case Series
Authors: Abd Khalid Nurul Syazwani , Kodiron Muhammad Afiq , Sainal Mohd Yusof , Elagili Faisel , Md Nor Azmi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Malaysia. In general, patients aged > 65 years comprise the majority of the population with CRC. However, recent reports indicate its increasing incidence in younger populations. We describe 4 cases of early onset colorectal cancer in Kuantan. Materials and method: This is a descriptive study of a small series of patients. Data between 2018 and 2019 were obtained from medical charts. Results:  We diagnosed four patients under the age of 50 with colon cancer (75% male), the median age was 36 (23-47), with no comorbidities. None of the patient had family history of colorectal cancer. The majority of our patients presented with complication of  tumour (2 perforation, 1 obstruction) required emergency surgeries. Only one patient presented with with rectal bleeding and was found to have tumor of the rectosigmoid junction. Two patients had tumor at descending colon and one at the splenic flexure. From this case series, we found there were one patient for every stage of colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic (CEA) levels were elevated at baseline in only two patients. Conclusion: Incidence of colon cancer rises among young patients in Kuantan. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical and biological characteristics of colon cancer, improve its treatment strategies, and promote better outcomes in young patients.
Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (Avco) Against Streptococcus Mutans ATCC 2157
Authors: Haron Ummi Aqilah , Abllah Zurainie
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Dental caries has remained a major oral health problem worldwide.  Streptococcus mutans  is considered as a vital cariogenic agent in the oral cavity. It can synthesise soluble and insoluble glucans from sucrose by glucosyltransferases enzymes and develops stable biofilm on the tooth surface. In the previous study, the fatty acids profile of activated virgin coconut oil (AVCO) have been described, and it includes the excellent antimicrobial activity of the oil. The current study aims to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of AVCO against the  Streptococcus mutans  ATCC 2157 biofilm in vitro. Materials and method: The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for antibiofilm activity were determined by serial dilution method, and biofilm thickness on  S. mutans  was quantified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).  Results:  At the concentra-tion of 15.63 mg/ml of AVCO, it successfully inhibits the development of  S. mutans  ATCC 21575 biofilm and AVCO (62.52 mg/ml) eradicate biofilm that was formed by the bacteria. The z-stack images obtained from CLSM allows the construction of 3-D biofilm structure and a significant difference in the thickness of  S. mutans  ATCC 21575 biofilm pre and post-treatment with AVCO were observed.  Conclusion:  AVCO showed good potential as anticaries where it possesses the ability to inhibits and eradicate  S. mutans  ATCC 21575 biofilm. A future study to evaluates the interaction of individuals fatty acids present in AVCO against proteins that relate to biofilm formation of  S. mutans  can be performed utilising the molecular docking tools.
Association between Social-Cognitive Factors and Sexual Intention towards Pre-Marital Sex Activity among School-Going Late Adolescents in Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: Abdullah Fa'iza , Zainuddin Nur Akmanidar , Draman Samsul , A.Rahman Nor Azlina
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is determined by four main domains of social-cognitive factors; attitudes, social-norms, self-efficacy and sexual intention. This study aim to identify the socio-demographic and socio-cognitive factors associated with sexual intention towards premarital sex among school-going late adolescent. Materials and method:  Cross-sectional study was conducted in nine government secondary schools in Kuantan district between January-July 2018. A total of 466 self-administered validated Youth Sexual Intention Questionnaires(YSIQ) data are collected among unmarried students aged 18-19-year-old. Statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 22.0. Results: Out of 466 participants, 67.4%, 68.2%, 64.4% are Malays, Females and Muslims. Simple logistic regression showed for every one unit increase in permissive attitude, social-norms and selfefficacy scores, there were 1.424, 1.303 and 1.215 times increase risk of having sexual intention, with  p -value of 0.001 each and 95% CI of odds ratio(OR) 1.2681.600, 1.191-1.425 and 1.066-1.386 respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that female had lower risk of having sexual intention( p=0.001, OR=0.163, CI=0.058-0.462). Non-Malays and ever-smoker students had higher risk compared to Malay and non-smoker towards having sexual intention with p=0.001 (OR=5.110,CI=1.881-13.886) and  p =0.019 (OR=3.288, CI=1.218-8.875) respectively. For every unit increase in permissive attitude score, there was 1.236 times increase risk of having sexual intention with p=0.002 (95%CI, OR=1.084-1.410). Conclusion: The study showed the risk of having sexual intention was higher among males, nonMalay, ever-smoker students; and those with higher permissive attitude scores. Peer education intervention programs are necessity for school-going students to improve the permissive attitude in averting risk behavior that may lead to sexual intention towards pre-marital sex activity. The study should be expanded to adolescent who are no longer in school or in suburban areas.
MRI Evaluation of Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee: A CrossSectional Study in Malaysia
Authors: Yi Kow Ren , Leng Low Chooi , Sheik Said Siti Nor Badriati
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee has been demonstrated to be an important secondary restrainer in providing rotational stability to the knee. ALL stabilizes the internal tibial rotation with increasing knee flexion. ALL injuries with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have a higher grade of pivot shift. Magnetic resonant (MR) studies on ALL have been performed but there is no such data among the Malaysian population. We aim to investigate the reproducibility of ALL identification on 1.5T MRI and the association with other ligamentous injuries. Materials and method: Magnetic resonant imaging of the knees with suspected ligamentous injuries from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017 were reviewed for suitability of this study. Post-operative MRI and MRI of patients with suspected tumour at the knee region were excluded. 1.5T MRI (Siemens Medical Solution) was used for assessment of all the knees. All MRIs were double read and approved by a consultant radiologist. Results: A total of 36 knee MR images were obtained from 31 patients during the study period. 5 patients were excluded (3 for suspected tumour and 2 for post-operative). Mean age of the patients was 29.44. All three components of ALL were identified in 20 MRIs (55.6%): femoral component (75%); meniscal (69.4%) and tibial (58.3%). There were 11 knees identified to have ALL injury, which was associated with ACL injury. Discussion: ALLs are best visualized on coronal views (PD, PD FS and T2) with lateral inferior genicular artery as a guide to locate the bifurcation of meniscal and tibial components. Delineation of ALLs from other surrounding structures such as lateral collateral ligaments, iliotibial band and popliteus tendon was done in both coronal and axial views. Conclusion: ALLs of the knees are delineated in more than half of the MR images. There is an association between ALL injuries and ACL injuries.
The Potential Effect of Coconut Water as Natural Healer in Adult Patient with Chronic Periodontitis: A Preliminary Clinical Study
Authors: Abllah Zurainie , Syed Ibrahim Syarifah Nurul Afifah , A Rahaman Hamiza , Yaacob Munirah , Dewi Ardini Yunita
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Mechanical and chemical debridement had been practiced as one of the management for chronic periodontitis. Recent interest and advances in the field of alternative medicine has promoted the use of various herbal and natural products for multiple uses in the field of medicine. As for it, coconut water is one of the potential natural sources that have various health benefits.  Materials and method:  Randomized control study was chosen as study design in this research project. 12 patients who have moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were selected from patients whom attended Polyclinic Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM Kuantan Campus from November 2016 to January 2018. After stratified random sampling done, the subjects divided into 2 groups; Intervention Group and Control Group. All patients will go for ultrasonic scaling and root planning by using hand instruments. 6 patients in Intervention Group were given fresh coconut water to drink during daytime. The first re-assessment was done after 6 weeks. The control group of another 6 patients didn’t receive any medicament. Paired sample t-test was used to analyse the pre and post intervention data. The study had obtained ethical approval from IREC (IREC 849).  Results:  Probing depth (PD) at mid-buccal site and bleeding on probing (BoP) shown significant result (p<0.05 ) in intervention group. There is no significant difference noted in the control groups, which are for PD, BoP and Plaque Score (PS) variables. Conclusion: Coconut water has potential benefit in reducing the periodontal pockets with chronic periodontitis as an adjunct after mechanical debridement.
A Case of Persistent Retroperitoneal Abscess with Large Right Perinephric Collection
Authors: Hashim Mohd Azren , Kamarulzaman Mohd Nazli , Md Ralib Ahmad Razali
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Retroperitoneal abscess is a rare condition which is difficult to diagnose and treat because of its insidious onset and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Case Report: 55 years old male, underlying DM, Hypertension, Gouty arthritis. Referred to us for right Hypochondriac pain with persistent fever for past 2 days duration. Abdominal examination showed soft, tender over right side of abdomen, localized guarding. An abdominal CT scan showed right pyonephrosis complicated by a large right perirenal collection.Right Nephrostomy was performed. 1 week later, patient had fever and persistent right sided abdominal pain with increasing septic parameters. CT abdomen performed and showed Right pyonephrosis complicated by a large right perinephric abscess extending into the pelvic and inguinal region. Right Perinephric drainage performed. Patient developed worsening sepsis, repeated CT abdomen revealed residual multiloculated right perinephric collection. Open retroperitoneal drainage was performed, noted retroperitoneal abscsess, caccon right kidney and peritoneal, slough ,unhealthy tissue and necrotic debris over right psoas muscles.1 week after surgery, patient still not improving, repeated CT Abdomen showed features of D2 ischemia with focal retroperitoneal perforation causing large and recurrent right perinephric inflammation with increasing intraabdominal free fluid and enlarging right perinephric collection. Laparotomy done shiwed 1L clear ascites intraperitoneally, no pus collection seen. Cocoon inflammatory mass involving hepatic flexure and duodenum to the retroperitoneum, hepatic flexure appeared normal with no intraluminal mass.Right retroperitoneal exploration done, noted adhesion between hepatic flexure to Gerota's fascia, pus ~30ml at upper part of Gerota's fascia. Repeated CT abdomen showed slightly larger right paracolic gutter collection with similar right perinephric collection. Discussion: Retroperitoneal abscess is very rare. Retroperitoneal abscess may result from a variety of causes, such as pyelonephritis, pancreatitis, retroperitoneal appendicitis, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease, perforated cancer, infammatory bowel disease, spinal infection, trauma, and post instrumentation. For our patient ,the exact aetiology of retroperitoneal collection and peri renal collection are still unknown.
Тематическая и стилистическая близость молитв Кирилла Туровского его нарративным и риторическим сочинениям1
Authors: Barankova Galina
Published: January 2021

The article conducted a comparative study of prayers, words and narrative works of Cyril of Turov. The handwritten cycles of prayers of Cyril of the XIII-XVII centuries and their editions are briefly described. There is a necessity to take into account when further classifying the copies of the full cycle of prayers, the manuscript from the collection of the Russian National Library of the OSRK F.п.1.1, XIVth c. The article concludes about the commonality of themes, images and stylistics of various genre works of Kirill Turovsky and notes the special closeness of prayers to his rhetorical works.
Tempo wypowiedzi osób niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie w stopniu umiarkowanym (w odniesieniu do normy i niepełnosprawności intelektualnej w stopniu lekkim)
Authors: Michalik Mirosław , Milewski Stanisław , Kaczorowska-Bray Katarzyna , Solak Anna
Published: January 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad tempem wypowiedzi uczniów szkoły specjalnej, dotkniętych niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym, odniesione do grupy kontrolnej – rówieśników niedotkniętych żadnymi zaburzeniami rozwojowymi. Dodatkowo uzyskane wyniki porównano z analogicznymi uzyskanymi w grupie osób niepełnosprawnych intelektualnie w stopniu lekkim.

Analizy wypowiedzi uczniów objęły wybrane ilościowe i jakościowe aspekty mowy. Wśród analizowanych parametrów znalazły się: liczba sylab i głosek użytych w trzydziestosekundowym fragmencie wypowiedzi, liczba pauz wraz z ich charakterystyką, a także procentowy udział pauz w wypowiedzi. Celem weryfikacji hipotez badawczych uzyskany materiał językowy poddano analizom statystycznym.
Teatr tańca – teatralność gwary i kultury ludowej w nazwach zespołów folklorystycznych z Podkarpacia
Authors: Myszka Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Celem badań była analiza cech gwarowych i elementów kultury ludowej zawartej w socjoideonimach sygnujących grupy ludzi połączonych wspólną ideą. Szukano odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy nazwy zespołów folklorystycznych są tylko sztucznym odtworzeniem języka i kultury ludowej, czy też  utrwalają autentyczną gwarę i tradycje, oraz w jakim stopniu to czynią. Analiza językowa doprowadziła do wniosku, że elementy gwarowe obecne w nazwach są często sztuczne, „hiperpoprawne”, nie zawsze odpowiadają żywej mowie mieszkańców regionu. W nazwach dużo jest odwołań nie tylko do języka, ale też do innych elementów kultury ludowej i narodowej. Wydaje się jednak, że więcej jest tu folkloryzmu (stylizacji na ludowość, teatralizacji) niż prawdziwego folkloru.
Trzy figury służącego w Lalce Bolesława Prusa
Authors: Czachorowska Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Bolesław Prus wypracował w Lalce trzy sposoby przedstawiania i opowiadania o osobachdrugiego planu, mimo pozornego lekceważenia znaczenia służby w życiu miasta i jegomieszkańców. Pisarz opisuje starą służbę, pozostającą tłem niewidocznym i nastawioną wyłączniena dogadzanie zachciankom chlebodawcy, i dwa nowe typy służącego, domagającesię uznania własnej podmiotowości, własnej wartości, szczególnie na tle zdegenerowanejarystokracji. Różnice te są widoczne także na poziomie językowym. Służba tradycyjnaposługuje się skonwencjonalizowanym językiem, a charakterystyka postaci sprowadzasię do kilku określeń przymiotnikowych, zwyczajowo stosowanych przy opisach tego typubohatera. Służący drugiego rodzaju posługuje się zindywidualizowanym językiem. Autorczęściej oddaje mu głos, więc, choć nie otrzymujemy wyczerpującego opisu bohatera, możnao charakterze takiej postaci wnioskować z jej wypowiedzi. Najpełniejszy opis zyskałsłużący trzeciego rodzaju. Prus nie tylko scharakteryzował tę postać, ale i wyposażył jąw umiejętność posługiwania się poprawnym językiem, maniery i pewność siebie, którebardziej odpowiadają pracodawcy niż służbie. Służba w Lalce najczęściej stanowi elementświata przestawionego, czasami komentuje poczynania głównych bohaterów, wyjątkowoznajduje się w centrum zainteresowania.Słowa kluczowe:
An introduction to cognitive linguistic analysis of novel name-based derivatives in the current political discourse in Poland
Authors: Góralczyk Iwona , Paszenda Joanna
Published: January 2021

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia teoretyczne i metodologiczne założenia do analizy najnowszychnominalnych derywatów sufiksalnych w języku polskim, które tworzone są od nazwwłasnych, i które funkcjonują w aktualnym dyskursie politycznym. Zarysowane zostałykluczowe aspekty opisu słowotwórstwa w oparciu o założenia językoznawstwa kognitywnego,a w szczególności jednego z modeli przyjętych w obrębie tego paradygmatu, morfologiikonstrukcji. Pokazano, że wyrazy złożone i schematy derywacyjne mogą być traktowanejako konstrukcje, które mogą być kategoriami polisemicznymi, i których znaczenia mogąbyć motywowane przez metonimię i metaforę. Z przeprowadzonych rozważań wynika,że metonimia konceptualna motywuje proces konwersji, derywaty z ucięciem, i różnegotypu skrótowce, jednak derywacja sufiksalna jest potencjalnie metonimiczna tylko wówczas,gdy współwystępuje z rozszerzeniem znaczenia podstawy słowotwórczej albo sufiksulub gdy przesunięciu semantycznemu ulega derywat jako całość.
Dziecięca apraksja mowy
Authors: Rutkiewicz-Hanczewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest specyfika apraksji mowy u dzieci, czyli zaburzeń w zakresieprzekształcania abstrakcyjnego kodu fonologicznego w ruch artykulacyjny, tj. deficytówdotyczących planowania i/lub programowania ruchów artykulacyjnych, skutkującychniestałością błędów językowych, niepłynnymi przejściami między poszczególnymi segmentamimowy i nieodpowiednią prozodią. Autorka artykułu przedstawia cechy wyróżniającedyspraksję werbalną. Wskazuje także na nierozpoznane jeszcze podłoże zaburzenia orazna jego ewentualne neurobiologiczne substraty. W drugiej części tekstu zwraca uwagęna specyfikę terapii dziecięcej apraksji mowy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metoddostępnych w polskiej logopedii.
The influence of ecological and geographical conditions on the concentration of heavy metals in the spleen of Hereford cattle bred in the conditions of the Novosibirsk and Altai regions
Authors: Narozhnikh K. N.
Published: January 2021

Contamination of the food chain with heavy metals has become an urgent problem in recent yearsdue to their potential accumulation in biosystems and is related to increased anthropogenic impact. Thisstudy assessed the levels of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in cattle from the Novosibirsk, Krasnozersk,and Maslyanino regions of the Novosibirsk region and the Tselinny region of the Altai region. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of the ecological and geographical factors on the content of heavy metals in the spleen of Hereford gobies. Spleen samples were taken from 31 clinically healthy Hereford bullsaged 16-18 months. Sample preparation was carried out in accordance with GOST 26929-94 and 30178-96. The determination of the chemical composition of the samples was carried out by atomic absorptionspectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization. The median values for the content of copper,zinc, lead and cadmium in the spleen of bull calves bred in Krasnozersky, Maslyaninsky, Novosibirsk andTselinny regions were in the range of 1.6-1.8; 21.0-22.4; 0.06-1.45; 0.01-0.09 mg / kg. The phenotypicvariability of the level of copper and zinc was relatively low, while that of lead and cadmium was high.The influence of the ecological and geographical factor was characteristic only for the level of cadmium.Significant differences in the concentration of cadmium in the spleen in animals raised in the Maslyaninoregion from those bred in the Krasnozersk and Novosibirsk regions were revealed. For copper, zinc andlead reference intervals were calculated - 0.60-2.92; 17.2-26.0; 0.019-0.218 mg / kg, respectively. Theycan serve as a rough guideline for Hereford cattle bred in the Krasnozersk, Novosibirsk, Maslyanino districts of the Novosibirsk region and the Tselinny district of the Altai region.
Composition and organization of the sagittal stratum in the human brain: a fiber dissection study
Authors: Maldonado Igor Lima , Destrieux Christophe , Ribas Eduardo Carvalhal , Siqueira de Abreu Brito Guimarães Bruna , Cruz Patrícia Pontes , Duffau Hugues
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

The sagittal stratum is divided into two layers. In classic descriptions, the stratum sagittale internum corresponds to optic radiations (RADs), whereas the stratum sagittale externum corresponds to fibers of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Although advanced for the time it was proposed, this schematic organization seems simplistic considering the recent progress on the understanding of cerebral connectivity and needs to be updated. Therefore, the authors sought to investigate the composition of the sagittal stratum and to detail the anatomical relationships among the macroscopic fasciculi.

METHODS

The authors performed a layer-by-layer fiber dissection from the superolateral aspect to the ventricular cavity in 20 cadaveric human hemispheres.

RESULTS

Diverse bundles of white matter were observed to contribute to the sagittal stratum and their spatial arrangement was highly consistent from one individual to another. This was the case of the middle longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the RADs, and other posterior thalamic radiations directed to nonvisual areas of the cerebral cortex. In addition, small contributions to the sagittal stratum came from the anterior commissure anteriorly and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus inferiorly.

CONCLUSIONS

A general model of sagittal stratum organization in layers is possible, but the composition of the external layer is much more complex than is mentioned in classic descriptions. A small contribution of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus is the main difference between the present results and the classic descriptions in which this bundle was considered to entirely correspond to the stratum sagittale externum. This subject has important implications both for fundamental research and neurosurgery, as well as for the development of surgical approaches for the cerebral parenchyma and ventricular system.
Resective temporal lobe surgery in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: prognostic factors of postoperative seizure outcome
Authors: Borger Valeri , Hamed Motaz , Taube Julia , Aydin Gülsah , Ilic Inja , Schneider Matthias , Schuss Patrick , Güresir Erdem , Becker Albert , Helmstaedter Christoph , Elger Christian E. , Vatter Hartmut
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common forms of epilepsy. In approximately 30% of patients, seizures are refractory to drug treatment. Despite the achievements of modern presurgical evaluation in recent years, the presurgical prediction of seizure outcome remains difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seizure outcome in patients with drug-refractory TLE who underwent resective temporal lobe surgery (rTLS) and to determine features associated with unfavorable postsurgical seizure outcome.

METHODS

Patients with medically refractory TLE who underwent rTLS between 2012 and 2017 were reviewed from the prospectively collected epilepsy surgery database. A retrospective analysis of clinical, radiological, neuropsychological, histopathological, and perioperative findings of 161 patients was performed. The patients were divided into two groups according to seizure outcome (group I, International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] class 1; group II, ILAE class ≥ 2). For identification of independent risk factors for unfavorable postoperative seizure outcome (ILAE class ≥ 2), a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Seizure freedom (ILAE class 1) was achieved in 121 patients (75.2%). The neuropsychological evaluation demonstrated that losses in cognitive performance were more pronounced in verbal memory after resections in the left temporal lobe and in nonverbal memory after right-sided resections, whereas attention improved after surgery. Overall, postoperative visual field deficits (VFDs) were common and occurred in 51% of patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of VFD in patients with selective surgical procedures compared to the patients with nonselective procedures. The lack of MRI lesions and placement of depth electrodes were preoperatively identified as predictors for unfavorable seizure outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

rTLS is an effective treatment method in patients with refractory TLE. However, patients with a lack of MRI lesions and placement of depth electrodes prior to rTLS are at higher risk for an unfavorable postsurgical seizure outcome.
Teachers' Personal Page in a Social Network as a Tool for Teacher-Student Interaction
Authors: Kukushkina A. G.
Published: January 2021

The article presents an analysis of the pedagogical capabilities of social networks in solving modern educational problems. The pedagogical potential of teacher's personal page can influence on individualization of the educational process, selection of the content of education, organization of pedagogical communication, involvement in activities. The author describes and analyzes the experience of interacting with students on the social network platform, which confirms the positive impact of the communication with the teacher through a social network on students' attitude to the subject and educational motivation. The restrictions of the use of teachers' personal pages in the process of education are connected with increased requirements to the content and design of a personal page. Possible negative consequences of interacting with students through social networks include non-compliance with the boundaries and blurring the boundaries of communication, the interpenetration of professional and personal spheres of life.
Absence of a vergence-mediated vestibulo-ocular reflex gain increase does not preclude adaptation
Authors: Büki Béla , Tamás László T. , Todd Christopher J. , Schubert Michael C. , Migliaccio Americo A.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: The gain (eye-velocity/head-velocity) of the angular vestibuloocular reflex (aVOR) during head impulses can be increased while viewing near-targets and when exposed to unilateral, incremental retinal image velocity error signals. It is not clear however, whether the tonic or phasic vestibular pathways mediate these gain increases. OBJECTIVE: Determine whether a shared pathway is responsible for gain enhancement between vergence and adaptation of aVOR gain in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 patients with UVH were examined for change in aVOR gain during a vergence task and after 15-minutes of ipsilesional incremental VOR adaptation (uIVA) using StableEyes (a device that controls a laser target as a function of head velocity) during horizontal passive head impulses. A 5 % aVOR gain increase was defined as the threshold for significant change. RESULTS: 11/20 patients had >5% vergence-mediated gain increase during ipsi-lesional impulses. For uIVA, 10/20 patients had >5% ipsi-lesional gain increase. There was no correlation between the vergence-mediated gain increase and gain increase after uIVA training. CONCLUSION: Vergence-enhanced and uIVA training gain increases are mediated by separate mechanisms and/or vestibular pathways (tonic/phasic). The ability to increase the aVOR gain during vergence is not prognostic for successful adaptation training.
Investigating the effect of smartphone addiction on musculoskeletal system problems and cognitive flexibility in university students
Authors: İnal Özgü , Serel Arslan Selen
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Smartphone usage has become more common in daily life, and in certain situations, this may lead to addictive behavior. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal problems and cognitive flexibility in university students. METHODS: Smartphone addiction was evaluated with the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to evaluate musculoskeletal symptoms, and pain was measured with Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Cognitive flexibility was assessed with the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI). RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between SAS total score and musculoskeletal problems in the upper back, lower back, hip and feet (p < 0.05, r = 0.11; r = 0.16; r = 0.11; r = 0.13, r = 0.14). Smartphone addiction showed a significant positive correlation with neck pain, right hand pain and right arm pain (p < 0.05, r = 0.13; r = 0.17; r = 0.14). There was a significant negative correlation between CFI total score and SAS total score (p < 0.05, r = – 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone addiction is associated with musculoskeletal problems, pain and cognitive flexibility in university students. Encouraging an active lifestyle, physical activity, ergonomic arrangements, individual behavioral modification as well as environmental regulations and policies may eliminate the negative effects of smartphone addiction.
Attitudes towards immigration at the regional level in Europe in times of crisis
Authors: Álvarez Gálvez Javier , Salinas Pérez José Alberto , Martínez Cousinou Gloria , Muniategi Azkona Eider , Antolínez Domínguez Inmaculada
Published: January 2021

At the aftermath of the 2008 ﬁnancial and socio–economic crisis, there had been a boom of nationalist parties in Europe that included anti–immigration measures in their programs. In this study, we analyse the relationship between socioeconomic status and anti–immigrant sentiment at the regional level by using geographically weighted regression. In doing so we use data from the ﬁst years of the ﬁnancial crisis, when most of European countries were beginning to experience its consequences at an economic, social and political level. Our ﬁndings conﬁrm the suitability of spatial analysis to explain regional differences in attitudes towards immigration. Although inter–country or macro–regional comparisons might be useful to explain anti–immigrant sentiments, the general validity of these large–scale geographic areas could be questioned when descending to a regional level. The information provided at the regional level might be useful to identify regions where policy makers should aim integration policies to reduce citizens’ negative attitudes towards immigrants.
Evaluación de la digitalización frente a desastres naturales: los casos de Guatemala, Costa Rica y Nicaragua
Authors: Campos Hidalgo Ana , Barbero–Barrera María del Mar
Published: January 2021

La frecuencia de eventos climáticos extremos, derivados del cambio climático, ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. Guatemala, Costa Rica y Nicaragua son tres de los países con mayor vulnerabilidad debido a la combinación de factores climáticos junto con los sociales y económicos. Aprovechando el impulso dado a la digitalización, en muchas áreas en desarrollo, para promover la comunicación y la accesibilidad a la información a todos los usuarios, la investigación que aquí se expone evalúa la efectividad y viabilidad de la introducción de aplicaciones digitales en los planes de gestión de riesgo en dichos países.

De acuerdo con los resultados de la investigación, se prevé que la comunicación a través de internet sea más efectiva y que, a pesar del potencial de las aplicaciones móviles, éstas podrán incluirse como recurso se acompañan de las políticas adecuadas y de los avances tecnológicos necesarios en cada país.
Open Budgetary Meetings Amid a Pandemic: Assessing Connecticut’s Various Pathways to Public Engagement During COVID-19
Authors: Gil Jodie , Wharton Jonathan L
Published: January 2021

This qualitative analysis of public participation in Connecticut open meetings highlights how Connecticut communities adjusted when the state’s open meeting law was temporarily revised under emergency order during COVID-19. A survey of officials in 95 municipalities found a majority had the same or more participation in budget deliberations during that time. Only about a quarter saw decreased public participation. A closer look at four communities highlights specific challenges and successes during the sudden shift in public meetings. Connecticut’s varied forms of government give multiple perspectives, which can provide insight for other communities looking to expand virtual access to open meetings.