bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTRATEGIAS
DE MANEJO AGROSISTÉMICO Y PERCEPCIONES DE RIESGO AMBIENTAL DE PRODUCTORES
FAMILIARES DEL NORTE DE SANTA FE
Authors: Brasca Federico
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo explora y describe siete estrategias de manejo agrosistémico de productores familiares del norte de Santa Fe, así como sus percepciones del riesgo ambiental, analizándolas en un contexto de emergencia de nuevos conflictos en torno al ambiente y la vida rural. Los establecimientos familiares son agentes cruciales para la sustentabilidad regional y la seguridad alimentaria.
En el análisis de los casos se hace foco en las preferencias en torno al funcionamiento agroecosistémico (ciclaje de nutrientes y nutrición animal, control de plagas y malezas, diversificación o especialización productiva) y en las percepciones del riesgo ambiental a nivel personal, productivo y social. Se consideran aquí estrategias de manejo complejas, diversificadas y basadas en el aprovechamiento de los servicios ecosistémicos, y otras simplificadas, especializadas y orientadas a la utilización sistemática de insumos industriales.
Poniendo en primer plano a las experiencias de los agentes, se pretende acceder a sus puntos de vista singulares y valoraciones, por medio de entrevistas y observación directa. Interesan en este sentido el uso productivo de los recursos naturales y las tecnologías, y las percepciones del riesgo que resultan de la construcción reflexiva del ambiente humano.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN LAND USE FOR SOYBEAN CROPPING BY SMALL FARMS EVIDENCES FROM NORTHERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos , Campos Indio
Published: August 2022

Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la eficiencia de los pequeños agricultores en Mato Grosso que cultivan soja. Se empleó el método de la Análisis de la Envoltura de Datos (AED) y verificamos los factores que afectan la eficiencia con un modelo logit. Los resultados demostraron que solo pocos agricultores son eficientes en el cultivo de soja porque esta producción se basa en economías de escala debido a los altos costos involucrados en el paquete tecnológico. Se identificaron dos prácticas principales para reducir la dependencia de los pequeños agricultores de las economías de escala: con contratos entre agricultores y tradings para financiar los costosy la adquisición de maquinaria usada o contratos de servicios en sustitución de nuevos equipos. La soja demostró ser económicamente viable también en agricultores ineficientes, pero requiere el desarrollo de mejores políticas para ser sostenible.
LOS MATERIALES CURRICULARES PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE CIENCIAS NATURALES EN 7º GRADO DE ESCUELAS RURALES. UN ESTUDIO COMPARADO
Authors: Galfrascoli Adrián
Published: August 2022

Es éste un resumen del trabajo de tesis que el autor defendió para acceder al título de Magister en Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales, que otorga la Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. En el mismo se analizan, describen y comparan dos materiales curriculares con formato de cuadernos, elaborados por el Ministerio de Educación de la Nación, para la enseñanza de Ciencias Naturales, a estudiantes rurales que cursan séptimo grado. Se adopta una perspectiva comparativa porque estos recursos educativos, especialmente diseñados para la modalidad rural de educación, fueron elaborados con diez años de diferencia. El primero de ellos, propuesto por el Plan Social Educativo (Cuadernos del PSE en adelante) hacia 1997, en el marco de la Ley Federal de Educación (Nº 24.195); y, el segundo, Cuadernos de la Serie Horizontes (SH), con financiamiento del Programa de Mejoramiento de la Educación Rural (PROMER), en 2007, ya con la Ley Nacional de Educación (Nº 26.206) en vigencia.
ESTRATEGIAS SOCIOESPACIALES DE LA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR PERIURBANA: EL CASO DE LA UNIÓN DE TRABAJADORES DE LA TIERRA EN LA RMBA
Authors: Acero Lagomarsino Paula
Published: August 2022

En los últimos años en Argentina se registran diversas formas de intervención y reformas estatales vinculadas a la agricultura familiar. Particularmente en el período 2015-2019 se identifica una modificación en el rol asignado y su definición en la política pública. En este artículo proponemos analizar las estrategias socioespaciales de la Unión de Trabajadores de la Tierra en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, en su vínculo con las estructuras de poder institucional. Nos focalizamos en el análisis de la refuncionalización y resignifación de espacios; las modalidades de protesta; y la apertura de circuitos económicos alternativos de comercialización. Entendemos que estas prácticas pueden ser analizadas en su dimensión espacial, a la vez que reflejan expresiones de desigualdad en el sector.
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Nifty Private Bank Index and Nifty PSU Index
Authors: Dr. M. Jegadeeshwaran  , Navitha P
Published: August 2022

This study covers the influence of Macroeconomic variables like Inflation rate, Exchange rate of Indian Rupee toward US Dollar and Interest rate on Nifty Private Bank Index and Nifty PSU Index. Data for a period of 10 years from 2012 to 2021 is collected and analysed using Correlation and Multiple Regression. The results of the study shows that Inflation rate is negatively correlated with both Nifty Private Bank Index and Nifty PSU Index; Exchange rate is positively correlated with Nifty Private Bank Index and is negatively correlated with Nifty PSU Index; Interest rate is negatively correlated with Nifty Private Bank Index and positively correlated with Nifty PSU Index. From the regression analysis it is understood that the Macroeconomic variables significantly impact the changes in both Nifty Private Bank Index and Nifty PSU Index.
Los tabúes y prejuicios de la sexualidad en la población urbana y rural
Authors: Ordoñez Morocho Rosa , Chevez Roque Nicole Ibeth , Gordillo Quizhpe Marco Ivan
Published: August 2022

Los tabúes sexuales al concebirse histórica y culturalmente como algo prohibido y sagrado, apela a la ignorancia de las personas y la sociedad, incluso castigado y en cierta forma regularizados por las normas sociales, que establece relativamente entre lo que es correcto e incorrecto. La iglesia es un actor inhibidor social de las libertades y conductas sexuales, olvidándose que el ser humano es un ser sexuado de acuerdo a Freud.
Las conductas sexuales son propias de la biología humana, como lo son los deseos, pensamientos y relaciones sexuales, la masturbación y la virginidad, sin embargo, al momento de efectuarse, intervienen factores biológicos, sociales, culturales, éticos y religiosos, que, al envolverlas por los tabúes, se desencantan y pierden su naturaleza. Prevaleciendo en la posmodernidad que el hombre es el que tiene mayores libertades sexuales frente a la mujer calificándola de inmoral.
La investigación se basó en el enfoque mixto, con referencia a las ciencias sociales, en la que se hizo uso de marcos referenciales y la discusión con datos relativos a hechos abordados mediante la observación y estadísticas generadas a partir de fuentes directas. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de poblaciones en contextos culturales diferenciados, al establecerse que la virginidad es garantía de pureza y fidelidad en el matrimonio, no así el otro grupo, no lo consagra como un factor determinante en la conformación de una pareja. Así mismo las libertades y el apego sexual, responden a la condición humana y con cierta restricción a creencias y valores religiosos.
Por la defensa de la enseñanza de ELE en Brasil. la interiorización de su enseñanza en la región Nordeste
Authors: Lima Moreira Glauber , De Carvalho Araújo Maria Djany , Eres Fernández Isabel Gretel
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de presentar datos sobre la enseñanza de la lengua española en el Nordeste de Brasil, considerando las realidades de las ciudades del interior, y las leyes Nº 11.161 y Nº 13.415, de 2005 y 2017, respectivamente. Según se observa, en las últimas décadas hubo un avance en la oferta de la lengua española, en cursos de graduación y en la enseñanza básica, todo ello a partir de la ley Nº 11.161/05, pero esa realidad cambia a partir de la Ley Nº 13.415/17, cuando muchas ciudades redujeron la carga horaria de la referida asignatura. Los datos utilizados como corpus fueron recogidos por medio de la aplicación virtual de un cuestionario al que respondieron 69 profesores de las nueve provincias de la región. Los datos recogidos y su correspondiente análisis señalan que la oferta de trabajo y el interés de los estudiantes de graduación en seguir la carrera de profesor de español ha disminuido debido a la no obligatoriedad de la enseñanza de español en las escuelas, aunque otros muchos sigan luchando por sus derechos pues creen y defienden la importancia del idioma para los brasileños.
Current status of multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Kim Dokyun , Jeong Seok Hoon
Published: August 2022

Background: The dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen is of major public health concern as it leads to increased mortality rate, length of hospital stays, and medical expenses.Current Concepts: Korean Government enacted an Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act in 2009, and 6 MDR bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) have been legally declared as infectious diseases. According to the amendment of the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act in 2020, CRE and VRSA were classified as class 2 infectious diseases, and all cases of CRE and VRSA should be reported to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii were classified as class 4 infectious diseases, and cases that occur need to be monitored at KDCA-designated sentinel hospitals to prevent further dissemination.Discussion and Conclusion: In this review, the current antimicrobial resistance status of six types of MDR bacteria, legally declared as infectious diseases, was investigated.. The Korean government is operating national antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems such as the Korean Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System and Korean Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System, as a foundation for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Certain steps need to be taken, such as establishing a surveillance system for antimicrobial usages, strengthening antimicrobial stewardship and infection control systems, and developing new antimicrobials in order for us to achieve the national goal.
Antibiotics for multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Song Kyoung-Ho
Published: August 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat to public health and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A few therapeutic options for the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MDR Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin resistant Enterococci, are available.Current Concepts: As a result of comprehensive efforts, a dozen novel antibiotics have been developed and approved for the treatment of MDR gram-positive bacteria in the United States and Europe over the past 15 years. However, only a few antibiotics have been introduced in the Republic of Korea. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the antibiotics that act against MDR gram-positive bacteria as a primary therapeutic option. Particularly, this review focuses on novel antibiotics, including ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, telavancin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, tedizolid, delafloxacin, omadacycline, and lefamulin.Discussion and Conclusion: Novel antibiotics against MDR gram-positive bacteria have not yet been sufficiently studied in various clinical settings, and therefore, the approved indications are limited. However, these antibiotics are expected to play a major role in the treatment of MDR gram-positive bacteria owing to their advantages, including broad anti-bacterial spectrum, rapid bactericidal effect, minimal drug-drug interaction, a favorable safety profile, availability of both intravenous and oral formulations, convenient dosing scheme, and a single dose (or once a week) regimen owing to long half-life. It is crucial to introduce these novel antibiotics in the Republic of Korea for the treatment of patients suffering from MDR bacterial infections.
Pharmacotherapy in obesity: the current state and the near future
Authors: Cho Yoon Jeong , Kim Kyoung-Kon
Published: August 2022

Background: In Korea, the prevalence of obesity, morbid obesity with serious complications, and childhood obesity are rapidly increasing. To control the obesity pandemic, both prevention and treatment are essential strategic targets. While lifestyle modification is fundamental in obesity treatment, due to the complex appetite-controlling system in the body and the rapidly Westernizing environment, more effective treatment tools are required.Current Concepts: There are 4 types of drugs that have been approved for the treatment of obesity in Korea. They are (1) appetite suppressants for short-term therapy, (2) dietary fat absorption inhibitors, (3) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and (4) fixed-dose combination drugs for appetite control. However, a large amount of weight reduction cannot be achieved with these drugs. The greatest amount of weight reduction of approximately 11% has been reported for phentermine/topiramate combination treatment. Recently, peptide agents have been under development and 2 of these agents, semaglutide, a second generation GLP-1 receptor agonist, and tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, are expected to be available in the near future.Discussion and Conclusion: Both semaglutide and tirzepatide are more effective than currently available anti-obesity drugs. Semaglutide and tirzepatide reduced the body weight of people with obesity without diabetes by 14.9% and 20.9%, respectively. However, because of the mechanism of GLP-1 receptor agonism, gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, were problematic in many patients, although these adverse events were generally acceptable. Both drugs will be excellent options for obesity treatment in the near future.
Preparation, Characterization and Comparison of adsorbents from Kirfi kaolin clay with Commercial bleaching Clay
Authors: Abdullahi Yusuf A , Langkuk Moses T , Joseph Kuje O , O Adole Valentine , A Segun Akaahimbe , Mohammed Salamatu U , Dawes Elkanah M
Published: August 2022

Several adsorbents were prepared by acid-activating Kirfi Kaolin clay sample obtained from Kirfi village in Bauchi state, Nigeria using sulfuric acid. The raw clay and the prepared adsorbents were characterized for their physical properties (pH, moisture content, apparent bulk density, and adsorptive power) and their chemical compositions, and compared with the properties of a commercial bleaching clay (CBC). Bleaching study was used to determine the adsorptive power of the raw clay as an adsorbent, the adsorbents prepared from the raw clay and the CBC while chemical composition was done using AAS and XRF. The result of compositional analyses showed that the silica content of 50.07% to 74.32% and alumina content of 4.42% to 10.96 were the major components of the raw clay, CBC and the prepared absorbents. The adsorbents prepared with 1 M and 2 M H2SO4 had compositions and physical properties that are similar to that of the CBC, and also has an adsorption powers (81.35% and 94.05% respectively) that are comparable to that of CBC (96.25%).
Action Implementation and Performance Assessment with Continuous Improvement and Innovation Process in Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Small Businesses in South Africa
Authors: Moroasui Matebo , Ampofo-Yeboah Akwasi , Antwi Michael
Published: August 2022

Continuous Improvement and Innovation (CI&I) is a business management strategy that concentrates thinking and action on the things that makes the real difference. Performance assessment is the most significant step in CI&I, as it analyses and reports on outcomes – it reveals which goals have been achieved and which are still to be achieved. Emerging aquaculture farmers are not searching for handouts; they want to compete on a commercial scale. Aquaculture can only attract investors if it becomes profitable and viable. As part of the research reported here, role-players in sharptooth catfish businesses attended focus group discussions, and were equipped to implement actions and assess their own performance. The performance assessment process was followed to monitor the action that had been taken and to report results. Mechanisms such as action monitoring and support; observation; the formulation of questions and ideas; identifying opportunities; performance assessment; and achievement stacker were applied to assess the achieved outcomes. The study led to the identification of markets and potential customers; signed orders; access to processing plants; the printing of business material (e.g., stickers); training; and the completion of new ponds. Questionnaires were sent out and completed. An experiment with earthworms and tilapia fry used as catfish feed was completed successfully. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study have revealed a need for further research that would assist small businesses in the catfish industry in growing and becoming profitable.
Ülkelerin lojistik performanslarının Entropi tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemine göre sıralanması
Authors: GÖGEBAKAN Maruf
Published: August 2022

Günümüz dünyasında ülkeler arasındaki ticaretin artması ve çeşitlenmesi lojistik faaliyetlerini oldukça önemli bir yere taşımaktadır. Ülkeler rekabet gücü ve ekonomik üstünlük elde etmek için lojistik performanslarını etkileyen unsurları belirleyerek performanslarını arttırmaya çalışmaktadır. Lojistik performans değerlendirmelerine göre bulundukları sıralamalar uluslararası ticarette ülkelere oldukça önemli avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, Dünya Bankası iki yılda bir 160 ülkenin Lojistik Performans Endeksini (LPI) hesaplayıp ülkelerin sıralamalarını raporlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, lojistik performansı etkileyen göstergelerin önem derecesine göre yeniden sıralanması için Entropi tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemine dayalı yeni bir sıralama ve değişken seçim yaklaşımı önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemde değişkenlerin ağırlıklandırılması Entropi yöntemine dayılı belirlenip TOPSIS yöntemi ile sıralama skorlarının belirlenmesi için algoritma kullanılmıştır. Ağırlıklandırılmış değişkenlere göre sıralama yöntemi sonuçlarına dayanarak ülkelerin sıralamalarındaki değişiklikler belirlenmiş ve nedenleri tespit edilmiştir. Değişken seçimi ile ağırlıklandırma ile yapılan sıralamada 65 ülkenin sıralaması yükselirken 76 ülkenin sıralaması düşmüş ve 19 ülkenin sırasında bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Ağırlıklandırma yöntemine göre ülkelerin lojistik performansı üzerindeki en etkili değişken %23 ile altyapı göstergesi olmuştur.
METODE BELAJAR DARING DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA TINGKAT I STIKES ST. ELISABETH MEDAN
Authors: Derang Sr. Imelda , Saragih Helinida , Meliala Jeka Ranita Br Sembiring
Published: August 2022

By defining initiation, direction, intensity, persistence, and quality of behavior in carrying out an action, motivation is defined as a strong inner and outer will. This has a significant impact on student learning motivation in relation to what is being learned, how to study, and when to choose to study online. The method employed is crucial to success in obtaining success in learning. Online learning is one of the electronic-based ways that can be carried out remotely and can make it easier for students to find various types of information needed to support their learning. The goal of the study was to ascertain how Level I STIKes St. Elisabeth Medan's learning motivation and online learning strategies relate to one another in 2020. This study used a descriptive analytic cross-sectional approach, total sampling, and 111 students as respondents. A Google form questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The level of online education Santa Elisabeth Medan students discovered 69 people (62 %) in the good category and 42 people (38%) in the moderate category. While 72 people (65 %) were in the high category of learning motivation, 29 people (26%) were in the medium category, and 10 people were in the low category (9%). Using Spearman's rho test for data analysis, it was possible to achieve a p value of 0.000 (p 0.05), indicating that there was a strong correlation between online learning strategies and students' motivation to study. Teachers are encouraged to provide more engaging instructional resources, such as animated videos, and to incorporate motivational movies into the teaching and learning process.
A STUDY OF CHALLENGES FACED BY REGULATORY AUTHORITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING HEALTH AND SAFETY COMPLIANCE IN THE GHANA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CONTEXT
Authors: Kheni Dr. Nongiba Alkanam , Afatsawu Paul Kwabla
Published: August 2022

In general, the construction industry is one of the world’s occupational settings that has high incidents of fatalities and injury rates. Developing countries, Ghana inclusive are faced with much more challenges to effective management of occupational health and safety due to the increasing rate of industrialization and weak occupational health and safety framework. The study aims to investigate the challenges faced by the regulatory authorities. The study adopted a quantitative approach and collect data using a survey. The findings indicated that Regulatory Institutions (RIs) faced challenges like; a lack of comprehensive national OHS policy, lack of effective supervision and inability to prosecute companies who violate health and safety standards, lack of adequate resources on-site, lack of logistics, and lack of a well-defined framework for regulating health and safety standards.  It is recommended that the government adequately resourced Regulatory Institutions (RIs) to effectively carry out their mandate to significantly reduce risk and accidents on construction sites.

 Keywords: Health and Safety, Compliance, Construction, Contractors, Projects, Ghana.
Effects of reanalysis forcing fields on ozone trends and age of air from a chemical transport model
Authors: Li Yajuan , Dhomse Sandip S. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Feng Wuhu , Chrysanthou Andreas , Xia Yuan , Guo Dong
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We use TOMCAT, a 3-dimensional (3D) offline chemical transport model (CTM) forced by two different meteorological reanalysis data sets (ERA-Interim and ERA5) from the European Centre for Medium-Range weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to analyse seasonal behaviour and long-term trends in stratospheric ozone and mean age of air. The model-simulated ozone variations are evaluated against two observation-based data sets. For total column ozone (TCO) comparisons, we use the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) data (1979–2019), while for ozone profiles we use the Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) data set (1984–2019). We find that the CTM simulations forced by ERA-Interim (A_ERAI) and ERA5 (B_ERA5) can both successfully reproduce the spatial and temporal variations in stratospheric ozone. Also, modelled TCO anomalies from B_ERA5 show better agreement with C3S than
A_ERAI, especially in Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid latitudes, except that it gives somewhat larger positive biases (> 15 DU, Dobson units) during winter–spring seasons. Ozone profile comparisons against SWOOSH data
show larger differences between the two simulations. In the lower
stratosphere, ozone differences can be directly attributed to the representation of dynamical processes, whereas in the upper stratosphere
they can be directly linked to the differences in temperatures between ERAI
and ERA5 data sets. Although TCO anomalies from B_ERA5 show relatively better agreement with C3S compared to A_ERAI, a comparison with SWOOSH data does not confirm that B_ERA5 performs better at simulating the variations in the stratospheric ozone profiles. We employ a multivariate regression model to quantify the TCO and ozone profile trends before and after peak stratospheric halogen loading in 1997. Our results show that, compared to C3S, TCO recovery trends (since 1998) in simulation B_ERA5 are significantly overestimated in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid latitudes, while for A_ERAI in the NH mid latitudes, simulated ozone trends remain negative. Similarly, in the lower stratosphere, B_ERA5 shows positive ozone recovery trends for both NH and SH mid latitudes. In contrast, both SWOOSH and A_ERAI show opposite (negative) trends in the NH
mid latitudes. Furthermore, we analyse age of air (AoA) trends to diagnose transport differences between the two reanalysis data sets. Simulation B_ERA5 shows a positive AoA trend after 1998 and somewhat older age in the NH lower stratosphere compared to A_ERAI, indicating that a slower Brewer–Dobson circulation does not translate into reduced wintertime ozone buildup in the NH extratropical lower stratosphere. Overall, our results show that models forced by the most recent ERA5 reanalyses may not yet be capable of reproducing observed changes in stratospheric ozone, particularly in the lower stratosphere.
Mass spectrometry-based aerosolomics: a new approach to resolve sources, composition, and partitioning of secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Thoma Markus , Bachmeier Franziska , Gottwald Felix Leonard , Simon Mario , Vogel Alexander Lucas
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) largely consists of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that is formed via oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Unambiguous identification of SOA molecules and their assignment to their precursor vapors is a challenge that has so far only succeeded for a few SOA marker compounds, which are now well characterized and (partly) available as authentic standards. In this work, we resolve the complex composition of SOA by a top-down approach based on a newly created aerosolomics database, which is fed by non-target analysis results of filter samples from oxidation flow reactor experiments. We investigated the oxidation products from the five biogenic VOCs α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, 3-carene, and trans-caryophyllene and from the four anthropogenic VOCs toluene, o-xylene1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and naphthalene. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometer, we determine the molecular formula of 596 chromatographically separated compounds based on exact mass and isotopic pattern. We utilize retention time and fragmentation mass spectra as a basis for unambiguous attribution of the oxidation products to their parent VOCs. Based on the molecular-resolved application of the database, we are able to assign roughly half of the total signal of oxygenated hydrocarbons in ambient suburban PM2.5 to one of the nine studied VOCs. The application of the database enabled us to interpret the appearance of diurnal compound clusters that are formed by different oxidation processes. Furthermore, the application of a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) on the same set of filter samples enabled us to identify compound clusters that depend on sulfur dioxide mixing ratio and temperature. This study demonstrates how aerosolomics tools (database and HCA) applied on PM filter samples can improve our understanding of SOA sources, their formation pathways, and temperature-driven partitioning of SOA compounds.
No changes in overall AMOC strength in interglacial PMIP4 timeslices
Authors: Jiang Zhiyi , Brierley Chris M. , Thornalley David J. R. , Sax Sophie
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key mechanism of poleward heat transport and an important part of the global climate system. How it responded to past changes in forcing, such as experienced during Quaternary interglacials, is an intriguing and open question. Previous modelling studies suggest an enhanced AMOC in the mid-Holocene compared to the pre-industrial period. In earlier simulations from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), this arose from feedbacks between sea ice and AMOC changes, which were dependent on resolution. Here we present an initial analysis of the recently available PMIP4 simulations. The ensemble mean of the PMIP4 models shows the strength of the AMOC does not markedly change between the midHolocene and piControl experiments or between the lig127k and piControl experiments. Therefore, it appears orbital forcing itself does not alter the overall AMOC. We further investigate the coherency of the forced response in AMOC across the two interglacials, along with the strength of the signal, using eight PMIP4 models which performed both interglacial experiments. Only 2 models show a stronger change with the stronger forcing, but those models disagree on the direction of the change. We propose that the strong signals in these 2 models are caused by a combination of forcing and the internal variability. After investigating the AMOC changes in the interglacials, we further explored the impact of AMOC on the climate system, especially on the changes in the simulated surface temperature and precipitation. After identifying the AMOC’s fingerprint on the surface temperature and rainfall, we demonstrate that only a small percentage of the simulated surface climate changes can be attributed to the AMOC. Proxy records during the two interglacial periods paint a similar picture of minimal changes, which fits nicely with the simulated results. Although the overall AMOC strength shows minimal changes, future work is required to explore whether this occurs through compensating variations in the different components of AMOC (such as Iceland-Scotland overflow water). This lines of evidence caution against interpreting reconstructions of past interglacial climate as being driven by AMOC, outside of abrupt events.
Improving modelled albedo over the Greenland ice sheet through parameter optimisation and MODIS retrievals
Authors: Raoult Nina , Charbit Sylvie , Dumas Christophe , Maignan Fabienne , Ottlé Catherine , Bastrikov Vladislav
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Greenland ice sheet mass loss continues to accelerate as global temperatures increase. The surface albedo of the ice sheet determines the amount of absorbed solar energy, which is a key factor in driving surface snow and ice melting. Satellite retrieved albedo allows us to compare and optimise modelled albedo over the entirety of the ice sheet. We optimise the parameters of the albedo scheme in the ORCHIDEE land surface model for three random years taken over the 2000–2017 period and validate over the remaining years. In particular, we want to improve the albedo at the edges of the ice sheet since they correspond to ablation areas and show the greatest variations in runoff and surface mass balance. By giving a larger weight to points at the ice sheet's edge, we improve the model-data fit by reducing the RMSD by over 25 % for the whole ice sheet for the summer months. This improvement is consistent for all years, even those not used in the calibration step. We conclude by showing which additional model outputs are impacted by changes to the albedo parameters encouraging future work using multiple data streams for optimisation.
ForamEcoGENIE 2.0: Incorporating symbiosis and spine traits into a trait-based global planktic foraminifera model
Authors: Ying Rui , Monteiro Fanny M. , Wilson Jamie D. , Schmidt Daniela N.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Planktic foraminifera are major marine calcifiers in the modern ocean regulating the marine inorganic carbon pump and generating marine fossil archives of past climate change. Some planktic foraminifera evolved spine and symbiosis, increasing functional trait diversity and expanded their ecological niches. Here we incorporate symbiosis and spine traits into the ForamEcoGENIE model, a trait-based model focusing on functional trait rather than individual species, to enable us to study the importance of foraminifera biodiversity in the palaeoceanographic environment. We calibrated the modelled new traits using Latin Hypercube Sampling. We identified the best model run from an ensemble of 1200 runs compared with observations from global core-top, sediment trap, and plankton nets. The model successfully captures the global distribution and seasonal variation of the 4 major functional groups including dominance of the symbiont-obligate type in subtropical gyres and the symbiont-barren type in the productive subpolar oceans. The carbon export rate is correctly predicted for spinose foraminifera, but the model overestimates the global mean biomass of each group by 8 times and global export rate of non-spinose foraminifera by 4 times. Both the observational bias and the model's limitation in linking biomass to export production likely contributes to the discrepancy. Our model approximates a 3.05 g m-2 yr-1 global mean foraminifer-derived calcite flux and 1.1 Gt yr-1 total calcite export, account for 19 % of the global pelagic marine calcite budget within the lower range of modern calcite estimates. The calcite export is mostly derived from the symbiont-barren non-spinose group (39 %) and the symbiont-obligate spinose group (13 %). Our model overcomes the lack of biodiversity in previous version and offers the potential to explore foraminifera ecology dynamics and its impact on biogeochemistry in modern, future and paleogeographic environments.
In situ estimation of subsurface hydro-geomechanical properties using the groundwater response to semi-diurnal Earth and atmospheric tides
Authors: Rau Gabriel C. , McMillan Timothy C. , Andersen Martin S. , Timms Wendy A.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Subsurface hydro-geomechanical properties crucially underpin the management of Earth's resources, yet they are predominantly measured on core samples in the laboratory while little is known about the representativeness of in situ conditions. The impact of Earth and atmospheric tides on borehole water levels is ubiquitous and can be used to characterise the subsurface. We illustrate that disentangling the groundwater response to Earth (M2) and atmospheric tidal (S2) forces in conjunction with established hydraulic and linear poroelastic theories leads to a complete determination of the whole hydro-geomechanical parameter space for unconsolidated systems. Further, the characterisation of consolidated systems is possible when using literature estimates of the grain compressibility. While previous field investigations have assumed a Poisson's ratio from literature values, our new approach allows for its estimation under in situ field conditions. We apply this method to water level and barometric pressure records from four field sites with contrasting hydrogeology. Estimated hydro-geomechanical properties (e.g. specific storage; hydraulic conductivity; porosity; shear, Young's, and bulk moduli; Skempton's and Biot–Willis coefficients; and undrained or drained Poisson's ratios) are comparable to values reported in the literature, except for consistently negative drained Poisson's ratios, which is surprising. Our results reveal an anisotropic response to strain, which is expected for heterogeneous (layered) lithological profiles. Closer analysis reveals that negative Poisson's ratios can be explained by in situ conditions differing to those from typical laboratory core tests and the small strains generated by Earth and atmospheric tides. Our new approach can be used to passively, and therefore cost-effectively, estimate subsurface hydro-geomechanical properties representative of in situ conditions and it improves our understanding of the relationship between geological heterogeneity and geomechanical behaviour.
Forecasting vegetation condition with a Bayesian auto-regressive distributed lags (BARDL) model
Authors: Salakpi Edward E. , Hurley Peter D. , Muthoka James M. , Barrett Adam B. , Bowell Andrew , Oliver Seb , Rowhani Pedram
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Droughts form a large part of climate- or weather-related disasters reported globally. In Africa, pastoralists living in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) are the worse affected. Prolonged dry spells that cause vegetation stress in these regions have resulted in the loss of income and livelihoods. To curb this, global initiatives like the Paris Agreement and the United Nations recognised the need to establish early warning systems (EWSs) to save lives and livelihoods. Existing EWSs use a combination of satellite earth observation (EO)-based biophysical indicators like the vegetation condition index (VCI) and socio-economic factors to measure and monitor droughts. Most of these EWSs rely on expert knowledge in estimating upcoming drought conditions without using forecast models. Recent research has shown that the use of robust algorithms like auto-regression, Gaussian processes, and artificial neural networks can provide very skilled models for forecasting vegetation condition at short- to medium-range lead times. However, to enable preparedness for early action, forecasts with a longer lead time are needed. In a previous paper, a Gaussian process model and an auto-regression model were used to forecast VCI in pastoral communities in Kenya. The objective of this research was to build on this work by developing an improved model that forecasts vegetation conditions at longer lead times. The premise of this research was that vegetation condition is controlled by factors like precipitation and soil moisture; thus, we used a Bayesian auto-regressive distributed lag (BARDL) modelling approach, which enabled us to include the effects of lagged information from precipitation and soil moisture to improve VCI forecasting. The results showed a ∼2-week gain in the forecast range compared to the univariate auto-regression model used as a baseline. The R2 scores for the Bayesian ARDL model were 0.94, 0.85, and 0.74, compared to the auto-regression model's R2 of 0.88, 0.77, and 0.65 for 6-, 8-, and 10-week lead time, respectively.
A dynamic hierarchical Bayesian approach for forecasting vegetation condition
Authors: Salakpi Edward E. , Hurley Peter D. , Muthoka James M. , Bowell Andrew , Oliver Seb , Rowhani Pedram
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Agricultural drought, which occurs due to a significant reduction in the moisture required for vegetation growth, is the most complex amongst all drought categories. The onset of agriculture drought is slow and can occur over vast areas with varying spatial effects, differing in areas with a particular vegetation land cover or specific agro-ecological sub-regions. These spatial variations imply that monitoring and forecasting agricultural drought require complex models that consider the spatial variations in a given region of interest. Hierarchical Bayesian models are suited for modelling such complex systems. Using partially pooled data with sub-groups that characterise spatial differences, these models can capture the sub-group variation while allowing flexibility and information sharing between these sub-groups. This paper's objective is to improve the accuracy and precision of agricultural drought forecasting in spatially diverse regions with a hierarchical Bayesian model. Results showed that the hierarchical Bayesian model was better at capturing the variability for the different agro-ecological zones and vegetation land covers compared to a regular Bayesian auto-regression distributed lags model. The forecasted vegetation condition and associated drought probabilities were more accurate and precise with the hierarchical Bayesian model at 4- to 10-week lead times. Forecasts from the hierarchical model exhibited higher hit rates with a low probability of false alarms for drought events in semi-arid and arid zones. The hierarchical Bayesian model also showed good transferable forecast skills over counties not included in the training data.
Analysis of the model using General Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Hu N.
Published: August 2022

The study aims to solve the universality of evolutionary computation for solving different optimization problems, avoid the repeating design, and share codes, so as to improve the application efficiency of the algorithms. To achieve this, the authors put forward a general evolutionary model based on object-oriented programming language (C# language) in this paper. This model divides the problem domain, the fitness function, the algorithm and the parameter control into different classes, which are encapsulated into different objects so as to enhance the independence of each module. By utilizing the model, it is convenient to develop, reuse, extend and modify software while guaranteeing the universality of the algorithm at the same time.
Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Automation for Cultivation System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Combined with Jajarlegowo System: Theories, Methods, and Techniques
Authors: Gupta N. , Kamal Encep , Hambari Kamsa , Hamdani M. Rikja , Ningsih Pera Maeda , Sartika Dewi
Published: August 2022

The objective of this article is to review and represent about automation irrigations that have been gained in irrigation system performance evaluation for cultivation System of Rice Intensification (SRI) combined with Jajarlegowo System. This paper is based on the literature that is concerned with concepts, techniques, and methodologies applied to the automation irrigation and their performance in Indonesia. The development of automation irrigation for paddy field in Indonesia was presented and it was discussed. Several studies of automatic irrigation systems have been conducted in Indonesia. The results showed that the use of irrigation automation system combined with a system of rice intensification (SRI) and combined with jajarlegowo can increase rice productivity. This method is effective because the rice plants are watered according to their needs so that the growth becomes good. The method of irrigation automation is carried out using a water level control system adapted to the age of the rice plant. Water level sensors, irrigation actuators, and drainage actuators are installed in paddy fields to support the irrigation automation. In the application directly in the paddy fields owned by Indonesian farmers, this has not been done thoroughly. The main obstacle from the observation result of the research shows that automatic irrigation system technology has not shown any real difference compared to conventional irrigation. In addition, this automatic irrigation system should also be accompanied by human resources trained in its use and maintenance.
The estimated cost of work and K3 construction of retaining walls
Authors: Richa Rahmalia Sunhadji  , Heru Salasa  , Ismail  , Imanulhaq  , Paikun  , Novohatko Elena Nivolaevna
Published: August 2022

One of the methods used to control the stability of the soil so as not to experience a landslide is to build a retaining wall. In carrying out the work, of course, it is necessary to pay attention to occupational safety and health for all those involved in a project, including the community around the project, therefore, it is important to calculate costs before starting work, so that the project can be carried out properly according to regulations, objectives, functions, benefits, impacts, costs, quality, time, and K3 or occupational safety and health. This study aims to determine the cost of retaining a cliff wall using the main material of mountain stone/split stone, including labor costs, materials, tools, and occupational safety and health (K3) costs. This research uses quantitative descriptive method. To complete this research, we need data on the budget plan for the construction project for the construction of retaining walls, and factual costs at the project site. The data sources consist of project documents, contract documents, and direct observations on site. This research has identified the cost of materials, tools, labor, and K3 in units converted to cost/m3, and produced a coefficient of unit price analysis for retaining wall work. The results of this study can contribute to estimating the cost of retaining wall work using mountain/split stone specifications at an early stage during planning, using unit costs/m3 of work, both by planners, contractors and the general public.
Theoretical Justification of the Dynamic Parameters in Plant Stems Sliding Cutting
Authors: Tarverdyan A.P. , Altunyan A.V.
Published: August 2022

The first article of the series considers the opportunities of finding theoretical solutions to the issue of plants stem cutting via sliding method with account for the rheological properties of the substance.
Throughout the problem solution, cutting process was viewed as a transitional step for forced crack propagation in the body.
Analytical expressions have been derived, which enable to analyze the stress state of the material in the cutting zone, to identify the principal stresses causing abrasions in case of sliding cutting. Intensity coefficient, sliding coefficient and their value domains have been identified, whereby the sliding cutting is implemented with minimum energy consumption.
Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the Bathonian, Callovian, and the Upper Jurassic in North Bulgaria
Authors: Dodekova Lilia , Sapunov Ivo
Published: August 2022

Forty-four selected organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst species have been used for biozonation of the Bathonian, Callovian, and the Upper Jurassic in North Bulgaria. The dinocysts were collected from 49 borehole sections and two exposures. The following dinocyst zones are herein introduced and described: Lithodinium valensii–Gongylodinium erymnoteichos Concurrent-range Zone (lower–middle Bathonian); Ellipsoidictyon reticulatum Assemblage Zone (upper Bathonian–lower Callovian); Dingodinium harsveldtii Taxon-range Zone (middle–upper Callovian); Lambodinium absidatum Assemblage Zone (lower Oxfordian); Scriniodinium dictyotum papillatum–Caddasphaera halosa Concurrent-range Zone (middle–upper Oxfordian); Rhyncodiniopsis gongylos Assemblage Zone (lower Kimmeridgian); Systematophora varispinosa–Gonyaulacysta? crassicornuta Concurrent-range Zone (middle–upper Kimmeridgian); Edmontodinium polyplacophorum Assemblage Zone (lower Tithonian); and Leptodinium? plagatum–Prolixosphaeridium perforospineum Concurrent-range Zone (middle–upper Tithonian). Some of the zones were partly or completely subdivided in subzones. The dinocyst zones and subzones were correlated with the Bulgarian ammonite and calpionellid zones and subzones.
Provocările globalizării economice – context pentru identificarea unui pattern de negociere a Republicii Moldova
Authors:   Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova, Ghileţchi Zorina
Published: August 2022

Cadrul referențial al studiului dat pornește de la o certitudine în ceea ce privește constituirea unei paradigme istorice noi, cu o serie de caracteristici, dar și provocări. Globalizarea devine o carcasă istorică care nu poate fi ignorată, mai ales că subliniază conjugarea elementului politic cu cel economic. Altfel spus, statele naționale au oportunitatea, dar și misiunea istorică să negocieze un statut economic prin identificarea unui model de relaționare cu alte state ce ar permite salvgardarea interesului național. Republica Moldova depune eforturi în dezvoltarea unui leadership strategic care ar genera eficiență în acest sens, promovând un angajament pentru edificarea unei platforme de implicare comună cu alte state. Proiectul de cooperare „Trio Asociat” este un exemplu în acest sens.
Creativitatea – componentă esențială a marketingului turistic
Authors:   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, Luca Tatiana
Published: August 2022

Fiind preocupat de dezvoltarea marketingului turistic în sfera serviciilor, autorul prezentei cercetări a studiat modalitatea aplicării proceselor creative și instrumentele ce pot fi utilizate în acest sens, aspectele de marketing turistic care pot fi implementate pentru îmbunătăţirea domeniul turistic.