bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Network Pharmacology in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
Authors: Zhou Zhuchen , Chen Bing , Chen Simiao , Lin Minqiu , Chen Ying , Jin Shan , Chen Weiyan , Zhang Yuyan
Published: February 2020

Human diseases, especially infectious ones, have been evolving constantly. However, their treatment strategies are not developing quickly. Some diseases are caused by a variety of factors with very complex pathologies, and the use of a single drug cannot solve these problems. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) medication is a unique treatment method in China. TCM formulae contain multiple herbs with multitarget, multichannel, and multilink characteristics. In recent years, with the flourishing development of network pharmacology, a new method for searching therapeutic drugs has emerged. The multitarget action in network pharmacology is consistent with the complex mechanisms of disease and drug action. Using network pharmacology to understand TCM is an emerging trend.
Echocardiographic Predictors of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy following Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Zhang Nixiao , Hua Wei , Li Xiaoping , Hu Yiran , Niu Hongxia , Cai Chi , Gu Min , Chen Xuhua , Zhang Shu
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To examine the association between the echocardiographic parameters measured as left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and long-term risk of all-cause mortality in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) following pacemaker implantation. Methods. A total of 94 adult patients with HCM who underwent pacemaker implantation from November 2002 to June 2013 in our Arrhythmia Center for symptomatic bradycardia and did not receive an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) during follow-up were retrospectively extracted. Results. After careful examination of the medical records, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics of 74 patients with LAD records (58.1 ± 14.9 years) and 76 patients with LVEDD records (57.6 ± 15.2 years). Based on the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the values of LAD = 44 mm and LVEDD = 43 mm were identified to predict the all-cause mortality. In the Kaplan–Meier survival, LAD ≥44 mm and LVEDD ≥43 mm were both significantly associated with all-cause mortality (log-rank test P<0.05). Cox regression analysis indicated that LAD ≥44 mm (HR 3.580; 95% CI = 1.055–12.148; P=0.041) was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, while LVEDD ≥43 mm was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality. LVOTO was also significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.166; 95% CI = 0.036–0.771; P=0.022). Conclusions. In HCM patients with pacemaker implantation, LAD ≥44 mm was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality.
Amniotic Membrane as a Main Component in Treatments Supporting Healing and Patch Grafts in Corneal Melting and Perforations
Authors: Krysik Katarzyna , Dobrowolski Dariusz , Wylegala Edward , Lyssek-Boron Anita
Published: February 2020

Purpose. To report on surgical approaches using amniotic membrane applications and patch grafts in corneal melting and perforations. Anatomical and functional results, including advantages and disadvantages of the interventions, will also be explored. Methods. A five-year retrospective analysis of 189 surgical treatments involving corneal melting with perforation was performed. In one evaluated treatment type, a graft of amniotic membrane, often folded one to three times, was sutured with the epithelial side facing the previously mechanically debrided corneal tissue. A larger monolayer amniotic patch was then sutured, with the epithelial side facing the top of the first membrane, to the perilimbal conjunctiva. For corneal patch grafts, the size-fitting technique of graft trephination was applied, and the donor-recipient junctions were sewn with interrupted sutures. All the procedures were evaluated, noting outcomes and complications of surgery, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, postoperative intraocular pressures, graft rejection, and other late comorbidities and complications. Results. We performed 119 amniotic membrane applications (63%) and 70 corneal patch grafts (37%). Anatomical reconstruction of the anterior chamber was achieved in 157 eyes, of which 102 eyes (86%) received an amniotic membrane and 55 eyes (79%) were treated with the patch graft technique. In 63 eyes (33%), more than one amnion or graft treatment was necessary to close the corneal perforation. Conclusions. The success of medical and surgical management depends on the cause of corneal melting, and amniotic membrane applications often require further intervention; nevertheless, patch grafts deliver better tectonic reconstruction than amniotic membrane alone.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Perinatal Asphyxia in Neonates Admitted to Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gebregziabher Gebrehiwot Teklehaimanot , Hadgu Fikaden Berhe , Abebe Haftom Temesgen
Published: February 2020

Background. Perinatal asphyxia is defined as the inability of the newborn to initiate and sustain enough respiration after delivery and is characterized by a marked impairment of gas exchange. It is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. There are very few studies on perinatal asphyxia in Tigray, and so this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of perinatal asphyxia in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital NICU, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among neonates admitted to Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 30, 2017. Medical records of 267 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were selected by a systematic sampling method, and relevant information was collected using a checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were computed to determine the prevalence of birth asphyxia and sociodemographic and obstetrics data. Binary logistic regression was used to test associations between the associated factors and perinatal asphyxia. First bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association without controlling the effect of other independent variables. Variables with P value < 0.25 were fitted to the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Finally, variables with P value < 0.05 were expressed as associated factors of perinatal asphyxia. Results. Of the 267 neonates, 48 neonates had perinatal asphyxia, giving a prevalence of 18%. Prolonged labor (AOR=5.19, 95% CI: 1.73-15.63, P=0.003), presence of meconium (AOR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.34-12.98, P=0.014), and preeclampsia (AOR=7.94, 95% CI: 2.22-28.37, P=0.001) were important determinant factors for birth asphyxia. The case fatality rate of perinatal asphyxia was 37.5%. Conclusion and Recommendations. Prevalence and mortality of asphyxia were high. Prolonged labor, presence of meconium, and preeclampsia were determinant factors for birth asphyxia. Early detection and intervention of high-risk mothers should be carried out by health care providers, and mothers should be monitored with partograph during labor.
PL-7 Antisynthetase Syndrome in Association with Sjögren’s, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jawaid Mehrin , Ross Yael , Kamran Mohammad
Published: February 2020

We present a rare case of PL-7 antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) in association with Sjögren’s, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Initially, the patient was diagnosed with Sjögren’s followed by Sjögren’s/SLE overlap and then Sjögren’s/SLE/RA overlap. She was eventually diagnosed with Sjögren’s/SLE/RA overlap with PL-7 ASS with interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILD was discovered after complaints of pleuritic chest pain with subsequent workup with coronary computed tomography (CT) revealing pulmonary fibrosis. This case demonstrates the ambiguity with which symptoms of ASS can present; given the high respiratory morbidity and mortality of ASS especially in non-Jo-1 patients, those who present with Raynaud’s, myositis, or joint pain, whether together or in isolation, should be assessed for presence of additional features of ASS and potentially undergo testing for ASS antibodies if appropriate.
Error Distribution of a 5-Axis Measuring Machine Based on Sensitivity Analysis of Geometric Errors
Authors: Zou Xicong , Zhao Xuesen , Wang Zongwei , Li Guo , Hu Zhenjiang , Sun Tao
Published: February 2020

Geometric errors are inevitably introduced into any multiaxis measuring system, and the geometric error is one of the main factors that seriously affects the measurement accuracy. The present work investigates the error distribution of the prototype of a 5-axis measuring machine based on sensitivity analysis of geometric errors. The measurement error modeling of the 5-axis measuring machine is first established via the homogeneous coordinate transformation, and the Sobol global sensitivity analysis method is then employed to quantify the influence of geometric errors on the measurement result with the sensitivity index. The result shows that most of the angular errors are the crucial geometric errors seriously affecting the measurement result. These errors are supposed to be fully considered in the accuracy design and manufacturing stages. The error levels of the crucial geometric errors were distributed and readjusted according to the sensitivity analysis result. Some practical approaches to distribute and improve the crucial geometric errors have been given in detail. The error distribution method is effective to equalize the influence of the crucial geometric errors on the measurement result as possible. The findings of this study provide significant meanings for the optimal design and accurate manufacturing of the 5-axis measuring machine, and the proposed method can be used to improve the measurement accuracy of the 5-axis measuring machine.
Preoperative Bowel Preparation in Minimally Invasive and Vaginal Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Diakosavvas Michail , Thomakos Nikolaos , Psarris Alexandros , Fasoulakis Zacharias , Theodora Marianna , Haidopoulos Dimitrios , Rodolakis Alexandros
Published: February 2020

Bowel preparation traditionally refers to the removal of bowel contents via mechanical cleansing measures. Although it has been a common practice for more than 70 years, its use is based mostly on expert opinion rather than solid evidence. Mechanical bowel preparation in minimally invasive and vaginal gynecologic surgery is strongly debated, since many studies have not confirmed its effectiveness, neither in reducing postoperative infectious morbidity nor in improving surgeons’ performance. A comprehensive search of Medline/PubMed and the Cochrane Library Database was conducted, for related articles up to June 2019, including terms such as “mechanical bowel preparation,” “vaginal surgery,” “minimally invasive,” and “gynecology.” We aimed to determine the best practice regarding bowel preparation before these surgical approaches. In previous studies, bowel preparation was evaluated only via mechanical measures. The identified randomized trials in laparoscopic approach and in vaginal surgery were 8 and 4, respectively. Most of them compare different types of preparation, with patients being separated into groups of oral laxatives, rectal measures (enema), low residue diet, and fasting. The outcomes of interest are the quality of the surgical field, postoperative infectious complications, length of hospital stay, and patients’ comfort during the whole procedure. The results are almost identical regardless of the procedure’s type. Routine administration of bowel preparation seems to offer no advantage to any of the objectives mentioned above. Taking into consideration the fact that in most gynecologic cases there is minimal probability of bowel intraluminal entry and, thus, low surgical site infection rates, most scientific societies have issued guidelines against the use of any bowel preparation regimen before laparoscopic or vaginal surgery. Nonetheless, surgeons still do not use a specific pattern and continue ordering them. However, according to recent evidence, preoperative bowel preparation of any type should be omitted prior to minimally invasive and vaginal gynecologic surgeries.
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Potential of Bioactive Molecules Ursolic Acid and Thujone Isolated from Memecylon edule and Elaeagnus indica and Their Inhibitory Effect on Topoisomerase II by Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Srinivasan Ramalingam , Aruna Arumugam , Lee Jong Suk , Kim Myunghee , Shivakumar Muthugounder Subramaniam , Natarajan Devarajan
Published: February 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of ursolic acid and thujone isolated from leaves of Elaeagnus indica and Memecylon edule and their inhibitory effect on topoisomerase II using molecular docking study. The isolated ursolic acid and thujone were examined for different types of free radicals scavenging activity, the antiproliferative potential on U‐937 and HT‐60 cell lines by adopting standard methods. Further, these compounds were docked with the active site of the ATPase region of topoisomerase II. The findings of the research revealed that ursolic acid harbor strong antioxidant and antiproliferative capacity with low IC50 values than the thujone in all tested methods. Moreover, ursolic acid shows significant inhibition effect on topoisomerase II with a considerable docking score (−8.0312) and GLIDE energy (−51.86 kca/mol). The present outcome concludes that ursolic acid possesses significant antioxidant and antiproliferative potential, which can be used in the development of novel antioxidant and antiproliferative agents in the future.
Effects of Curing Time on the Mechanical Property and Microstructure Characteristics of Metakaolin‐Based Geopolymer Cement‐Stabilized Silty Clay
Authors: Rong-rong Zhang , Dong-dong Ma
Published: February 2020

Metakaolin (MK), which has a fine particle size and higher activity in high alkaline environments, has been widely used in the fields of soil treatment engineering to stabilize soils. MK is used to replace part of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with 0 : 15, 2 :13, 4 : 11 and 6 : 9 mass ratios of MK to OPC in this study. The mechanical property (e.g. stress‐strain relationship, strength, and deformation performance) and microstructure characteristics of MK‐based geopolymer cemented silty clay are investigated using unconfined compressive strength (UCS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) tests. In addition, strength increase coefficient (ζs) and elasticity modulus increase coefficient (ζe) are defined to evaluate the effects of curing time on the mechanical property of MK‐based geopolymer cemented silty clay. Moreover, the relationships among porosity, UCS, and E50 of MK‐cemented silty clay are studied. By incorporating 2% MK, the UCS and E50 of MK‐cemented silty clay at 28 d are 1.32 and 1.30 times compared with MK0 group, respectively. The increase rate of UCS and E50 from 1 d to 7 d is faster compared with that from 7 d to 28 d. Furthermore, the microstructure of the sample modified by 2% MK is most homogeneous and dense. Finally, the optimistic mass ratio between MK and cement is 2 : 13 for silty clay in this test condition.
Blocking SHH/Patched Interaction Triggers Tumor Growth Inhibition through Patched-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Bissey Pierre-Antoine , Mathot Pauline , Guix Catherine , Jasmin Mélissa , Goddard Isabelle , Costechareyre Clélia , Gadot Nicolas , Delcros Jean-Guy , Mali Sachitanand M. , Fasan Rudi , Arrigo André-Patrick , Dante Robert , Ichim Gabriel , Mehlen Patrick , Fombonne Joanna
Published: February 2020

The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays a key role in cancer. Alterations of SHH canonical signaling, causally linked to tumor progression, have become rational targets for cancer therapy. However, Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors have failed to show clinical benefit in patients with cancers displaying SHH autocrine/paracrine expression. We reported earlier that the SHH receptor Patched (PTCH) is a dependence receptor that triggers apoptosis in the absence of SHH through a pathway that differs from the canonical one, thus generating a state of dependence on SHH for survival. Here, we propose a dual function for SHH: its binding to PTCH not only activates the SHH canonical pathway but also blocks PTCH-induced apoptosis. Eighty percent, 64%, and 8% of human colon, pancreatic, and lung cancer cells, respectively, overexpressed SHH at transcriptional and protein levels. In addition, SHH-overexpressing cells expressed all the effectors of the PTCH-induced apoptotic pathway. Although the canonical pathway remained unchanged, autocrine SHH interference in colon, pancreatic, and lung cell lines triggered cell death through PTCH proapoptotic signaling. In vivo, SHH interference in colon cancer cell lines decreased primary tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, the antitumor effect associated to SHH deprivation, usually thought to be a consequence of the inactivation of the canonical SHH pathway, is, at least in part, because of the engagement of PTCH proapoptotic activity. Together, these data strongly suggest that therapeutic strategies based on the disruption of SHH/PTCH interaction in SHH-overexpressing cancers should be explored.

Significance:

Sonic Hedgehog–overexpressing tumors express PTCH-induced cell death effectors, suggesting that this death signaling could be activated as an antitumor strategy.
Blockade of DC-SIGN+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages Reactivates Antitumor Immunity and Improves Immunotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hu Baoying , Wang Zewei , Zeng Han , Qi Yangyang , Chen Yifan , Wang Tao , Wang Jiajun , Chang Yuan , Bai Qi , Xia Yu , Wang Yiwei , Liu Li , Zhu Yu , Dai Bo , Guo Jianming , Xu Le , Zhang Weijuan , Xu Jiejie
Published: February 2020

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play an indispensable role in the modulation of the cancer immune microenvironment. Despite the fact that TAMs may exert both antitumor and protumor activities, the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized a subpopulation of TAMs expressing dendritic cell–specific C-type lectin (DC-SIGN) and investigated its relevance to the prognosis and immune microenvironment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). DC-SIGN+ TAMs were abundant in a significant proportion of human MIBC specimens. High levels of DC-SIGN+ TAMs were associated with dismal prognosis and unresponsiveness to adjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC. Notably, multiple anti-inflammatory cytokines were enriched in DC-SIGN+ TAMs. RNA-seq analysis revealed that multiple M2-like signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in DC-SIGN+ TAMs. High infiltration of DC-SIGN+ TAMs was associated with CD8+ T-cell tolerance in MIBC. Moreover, abrogating DC-SIGN function using a neutralizing antibody led to impaired expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and augmented PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab-mediated cytotoxic effects of CD8+T cells toward MIBC cells. In summary, these results suggest that DC-SIGN+ TAM infiltration is closely linked to a protumor immune microenvironment and may serve as a promising therapeutic target in the immunotherapy of MIBC.

Significance:

DC-SIGN+ TAMs have an immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting function and may serve as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in MIBC.
Dose Adjustment of Subcutaneous IgG in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Alsolaihim Alanood , Baker Steven K.
Published: February 2020

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated neuropathy that is characterized by a slowly progressive sensory and motor involvement lasting at least 2 months. We present a CIDP patient on subcutaneous Ig (SCIg). Upon fine-tuning his dose from 24 to 28 g/week, this showed a dramatic improvement in both hand grip (13–25%) and dorsiflexion (73–278%). Follow-up nerve conduction studies also demonstrated significant improvements in latencies, motor amplitudes, and conduction velocities. Ongoing surveillance of CIDP patients receiving SCIg therapy is therefore necessary to ensure therapeutic optimization.
Relationship between Conjunctival Intraepithelial Dendritic Melanocytes and Nevocytes
Authors: Jakobiec Frederick A. , Cortes Barrantes Paula , Aronow Mary E.
Published: February 2020

A 52-year-old male presented with a perilimbal-epibulbar, flat, pigmented lesion of 7 months’ duration. Microscopic evaluation disclosed a proliferation of intraepithelial dendritic melanocytes without frank atypia, a lesion formerly termed “primary acquired melanosis.” Within the lesion there were also intraepithelial basal junctional nevocytic nests and occasional small subepithelial nevocytic clusters which were positive for MART-1, HMB-45, and SOX-10 and negative for Ki-67. This remarkable lesion was suggestive of dendritic melanocytes transforming into rounded nevocytes lacking dendrites. The embryologic and biologic implications of these findings are explored, notably in regard to the unusual acquisition in mature adults of common nevomelanocytic nevi.
An Integrated View on Vascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Klohs Jan
Published: February 2020

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is believed to contribute additively to the cognitive impairment and to lower the threshold for the development of dementia. However, accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature and AD neuropathology interact in multiple ways. Vascular processes even proceed AD neuropathology, implicating a causal role in the etiology of AD. Thus, the review aims to provide an integrated view on vascular dysfunction in AD. Summary: In AD, the cerebral vasculature undergoes pronounced cellular, morphological and structural changes, which alters regulation of blood flow, vascular fluid dynamics and vessel integrity. Stiffening of central blood vessels lead to transmission of excessive pulsatile energy to the brain microvasculature, causing end-organ damage. Moreover, a dysregulated hemostasis and chronic vascular inflammation further impede vascular function, where its mediators interact synergistically. Changes of the cerebral vasculature are triggered and driven by systemic vascular abnormalities that are part of aging, and which can be accelerated and aggravated by cardiovascular diseases. Key Messages: In AD, the cerebral vasculature is the locus where multiple pathogenic processes converge and contribute to cognitive impairment. Understanding the molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in AD and use of vascular blood-based and imaging biomarker in clinical studies may hold promise for future prevention and therapy of the disease.
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Cases among Children Younger than 24 Months
Authors: Dolanbay Turgut , Gül Hüseyin Fatih , Şimşek Abdullah Talha , Aras Murat
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Accidental head injuries are known to cause serious traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children younger than 2 years of age build a separate group that is more difficult to assess clinically. Investigations targeting TBIs in pediatric cases, particularly in those between 0 and 2 years of age, are limited. Objective: In this study, we reviewed a number of severe accidental head injuries in a cohort of children aged 0–2 years to evaluate the relative incidence, distribution, and clinical success in determining the nature of the cases in the Kars Province of Turkey. Methods: The study targeted 26 ­cases who presented to the Emergency Department of Kars Harakani Hospital for TBI between 2017 and 2019 through retrospective chart review. Results and Conclusions: Among the children who presented to the emergency clinic, 2 were newborns, 7 were <1 year of age, and the remaining 17 cases were between 1 and 2 years old. The number of male and female patients was equal, and 5 fatality cases were observed. The most frequent cause of head trauma were falls. We deduced that 6 cases had subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2 cases had subdural hemorrhage, 3 cases had epidural hemorrhage, and 4 cases had contusion. We compared the mean level of the two blood parameters hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) between fatal and surviving cases and detectedthat both values decreased dramatically in exitus cases. The higher fatality rate in the present study could be attributed to the fact that we targeted only the severe TBI cases. Severe TBI in children younger than 2 years results in a life-threating situation. The risk of fatality might be deduced from the reduction of the HGB and HCT levels as it is significantly lower in fatal cases than in surviving cases.
Unspecified Strokes: Time Trends, Determinants, and Long-Term Prognosis in the General Population
Authors: Heshmatollah Alis , Mutlu Unal , Rojas-Saunero L. Paloma , Portegies Marileen L.P. , Wieberdink Renske G. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Ikram M. Kamran , Ikram M. Arfan
Published: February 2020

Introduction: In the absence of neuroimaging, a stroke is typically labelled as unspecified. While the majority of clinic-based stroke research focuses on hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, in the general population, a substantial proportion of strokes remains unspecified. Objective: To investigate time trends in the occurrence and determinants of unspecified strokes and differences in patient characteristics and survival compared to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: We included 1,546 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study who suffered a first-ever stroke during follow-up (1990–2016). We calculated the proportion of unspecified strokes per year and compared their characteristics between 3 time periods (1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2016) using a chi-square test, and furthermore investigated differences between unspecified, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke in patient characteristics and survival using age- and sex-adjusted survival curves. Results: The occurrence of unspecified stroke among all strokes decreased from 75% in 1990 to 16% in 2016. Compared to the first time period (1991–1999), diagnosis of unspecified strokes was more often done by nursing home physicians (13 vs. 40%) and unspecified stroke patients had more often dementia (30 vs. 43%) in the last time period (2010–2016). Compared to patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, patients with unspecified stroke were on average older (84.3 vs. 78.5 years) and had more often physical impairments and dementia. Furthermore, patients with unspecified stroke had a lower survival probability up to 10 years after stroke than those with ischemic stroke. Conclusions: The proportion of unspecified strokes decreased drastically from 75 to 16% in the last decades. Patients who do not undergo neuroimaging and therefore are classified as unspecified stroke represent an older, more frail patient group that suffers more often from multimorbidities and poor long-term prognosis than those who do undergo neuroimaging and are thus classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.
ВЕЙПІНГ– БЕЗПЕЧНА АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА ТЮТЮНОКУРІННЮ ЧИ БОМБА СПОВІЛЬНЕНОЇ ДІЇ
Authors: Tolokova T. I. , Moskovkina A. S.
Published: February 2020

Зниження поширеності куріння традиційних сигарет серед молоді в нашій країні відбувається на тлі збільшення популярності альтернативних видів куріння, у тому числі електронних сигарет, дія яких на організм ще недостатньо вивчена. Тому дослідження поширеності вживання електронних сигарет серед підлітків і планування протидії в формуванні нового виду залежності є актуальним.
Sudden Recanalization
Authors: García-Tornel Álvaro , Rubiera Marta , Requena Manuel , Muchada Marian , Pagola Jorge , Rodriguez-Luna David , Deck Matias , Juega Jesus , Rodríguez-Villatoro Noelia , Boned Sandra , Olivé-Gadea Marta , Tomasello Alejandro , Piñana Carlos , Hernández David , Molina Carlos A. , Ribo Marc
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—

First pass (FP) recanalization has been shown to be a predictor of favorable outcome in endovascular treatment of stroke. The reasons why FP recanalization leads to better outcome as compared with multiple passes (MP) are unknown. We aim to investigate the recanalization pattern and its relationship with outcome.

Methods—

Six hundred nine consecutive patients underwent endovascular treatment. Recanalization was defined as modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2B-3. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days. Sudden recanalization (SR) was considered when modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score varied from 0-1 to 2B-3 in a single pass. Progressive recanalization (PR) was considered if modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2A was achieved at an interim pass before achieving recanalization. Patients were also categorized as recanalizers at FP, MP, or nonrecanalizers.

Results—

Five hundred nine (83.9%) patients achieved recanalization. SR was achieved in 378 (62.1%) patients; 280 (46%) were FP-SR, and 98 (16.1%) were MP-SR. MP-PR was achieved in 131 (21.5%) patients. Rates of favorable outcome were similar between patients with FP-SR (57.5%) and MP-SR (57.1%; odds ratio [OR], 0.9 [CI, 0.53–1.54];
P
=0.7) but lower in MP-PR (29.8%; OR, 3.33 [CI, 1.71–5.63];
P
<0.01). Patients with MP-PR had better outcome than nonrecanalizer (17%; OR, 2.93 [CI, 1.42–6.15];
P
<0.01). In univariate analysis, both FP recanalization (OR, 1.91 [CI, 1.31–2.72];
P
<0.01) and SR (OR, 3.19 [CI, 2.12–4.95];
P
<0.01) were associated with favorable outcome. However multivariate analysis adjusting for FP recanalization showed that the only procedural predictor of favorable outcome was SR (OR, 3.12 [CI, 1.91–5.16];
P
<0.01). Higher number of passes were associated with worse outcome in patients with recanalization (OR, 0.75 [CI, 0.66–0.85];
P
<0.01) but not in those with SR (OR, 0.94 [CI, 0.59–1.61];
P
=0.937).

Conclusions—

SR strongly predicts favorable outcome in patients undergoing endovascular treatment, even after previous unsuccessful attempts. PR may reflect clot fragmentation and embolization due to more friable composition, leading to worse outcomes. Prospective studies with independent assessment of recanalization pattern should validate these results.
Revision of the elegans-group of Alona s. lato and its status as a subgenus of Coronatella Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y.
Published: February 2020

The taxonomic status of the elegans-group of Alona s. lato (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) is herein examined. The West Palearctic Alona elegans Kurz, 1875 and poorly known African taxon Coronatella cf. bukobensis (Weltner, 1897) are redescribed, and new data on morphology of Coronatella circumfimbriata (Megard, 1967) and Coronatella rectangula (Sars, 1861) is added. Based on analysis of original and literature data, the elegans-group is herein suggested as a separate subgenus within the genus Coronatella, namely Coronatella (Ephemeralona) subgen. nov. Main diagnostic features of the latter include: (1) seta arising from the basal segment of antenna endopodite much longer than endopodite; (2) acessory seta of limb I long, almost as long as ODL seta; (3) setae 2-3 of IDL armed with uniform thin setulae; (4) exopodite of limb II with a very short, rudimentary seta. Coronatella (Ephemeralona) subgen. nov. is a morphologically uniform basal group of the genus. It is distributed mostly in the arid belt of the Old World, with a single species known from South Africa. C. (Coronatella) is distributed worldwide; it is composed of several distinct species-groups with overlapping areas of distribution. A checklist of Coronatella species is provided.
Rediscovery of Southern Barbed-wire Bush-cricket, Onconotus servillei Fischer von Waldheim (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Onconotini) in Serbia, with notes on species’ calling song at the westernmost border of its distribution area
Authors: IVKOVIĆ SLOBODAN , HORVAT LASLO , IORGU IONUȚ ȘTEFAN
Published: February 2020

Described from Odessa and North Caucasus, the Southern Barbed-wire Bush-cricket, Onconotus servillei Fischer von Waldheim (1846) has a distribution restricted to steppe habitats in Eastern Europe, European Russia up to Western Siberia (Fig. 1A) (Storozhenko 1994; Cigliano et al. 2019).
A new species of the genus Goera Stephens (Trichoptera, Goeridae) found in madicolous habitats in Amami-Oshima, southwestern Japan
Authors: NOZAKI TAKAO , SHIMURA NORIYOSHI
Published: February 2020

A new species of the genus Goera, G. rupicola, is described based on adult and immature stages from Amami-Oshima, southwestern Japan. The larvae of this species inhabit wet cliff faces where water trickles over the surface. This is the first madicolous species reported in the genus Goera.
Measurement and Analysis of Magnetic Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-y Bulk Superconductor
Authors: Lee Sang Heon
Published: February 2020

YBa2Cu3O7-y single crystal bulk high-temperature superconductor has high critical current density with large magnetic levitation and trapping magnetic forces. Despite its distinctive electromagnetic properties, the longtime heat treatment process
of oxide high-temperature superconductor, a ceramic material, is widely considered as a factor that can degrade industrial applicability of superconductors seriously. For applications in power systems, metal-ceramic composites need to be fabricated to enhance magnetic performance. In this
study, CeO2 was utilized as an additive to control Y211 particles and improve superconducting magnetic properties. The study achieved meaningful outcomes, given that it reduced the processing time by half (1/2) with the interior seeding technique, realized the effect of top seeding
by positioning one additional seed layer on the top surface, and obtained a magnetic levitation force of 67.015 N. In order to improve the physical properties of superconducting materials, interior seeding technique was applied, and the effect of top seeding was obtained by placing one seed
layer on the top surface. Therefore, when two seed layers were used to fabricate a specimen, it could improve physical properties of superconductors to the extent that both the top and bottom pellets could be used.
Preparation and Characterization of Transparent Conducting Mn and Ni-Doped Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction Method
Authors: Karunakaran M. , Bruno Chandrasekar L. , Kasirajan K. , Chandramohan R.
Published: February 2020

This paper reported the preparation and characterization of transparent conducting oxide thin films. Undoped and doped ZnO thin films were prepared by SILAR method. The micro-structural and optical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the prepared thin
films are polycrystalline in nature and has a hexagonal structure. The micro-structural properties of prepared thin films were calculated and crystallite size tends to changes due to dopant. The texture coefficients have been evaluated and found to be greater than unity revealing high texturing
of the film. Undoped and Mn-doped ZnO prefer the orientation of (002) but Ni-doped ZnO and Mn and Ni co-doped ZnO prefers (100) orientation. The transmittance spectra of pure and transition metal-doped films were plotted against UV-Vis-NIR region and found that the transmittance changes with
dopant and nature of doping. The optical band gap values were found to be in the range of 3.00–3.39 eV. The optical constants such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant and optical conductivity were examined.
A Clustering Based Routing Heuristic for Last-Mile Logistics in Fresh Food E-Commerce
Authors: Prajapati Dhirendra , Harish Arjun R , Daultani Yash , Singh Harpreet , Pratap Saurabh
Published: February 2020

This study considers the fresh food city logistics that involves the last-mile distribution of commodities to the customer locations from the local distribution centres (LDCs) established by the e-commerce firms. In this scenario, the last-mile logistics is crucial for its speed of response and the effectiveness in distribution of packages to the target destinations. We propose a clustering-based routing heuristic (CRH) to manage the vehicle routing for the last-mile logistic operations of fresh food in e-commerce. CRH is a clustering algorithm that performs repetitive clustering of demand nodes until the nodes within each cluster become serviceable by a single vehicle. The computational complexity of the algorithm is reduced due to the downsizing of the network through clustering and, hence, produces an optimum feasible solution in less computational time. The algorithm performance was analysed using various operating scenarios and satisfactory results were obtained.
An age‐old collection
Authors: Lau James Siu Ki , Yuen Chi Kit , Kan Pui Gay
Published: February 2020

The density of a hematoma on a non‐contrast computed tomography of the brain is determined by the degree of clot retraction, hematocrit and globin content. Classically, the appearance of an intracranial haemorrhage on a computed tomography correlates with the temporal evolution of hematoma. However, this case illustrates there are circumstances that this classical temporal appearance may not hold true.
Being/becoming professional online: Wayfinding through networked practices and digital experiences
Authors: Pasquini Laura A. , Eaton Paul William
Published: February 2020

Social media platforms and digital networks have enabled professionals to communicate with colleagues, disseminate information, and co-create knowledge. As the Internet has grown up and social networks have scaled, there is an increased awareness of the occupational impact of being online. Prior research in postsecondary education has examined the structure of social networks, imagined audiences online, openness of practice, and informational/communication patterns of academics. We conducted 92 semi-structured interviews with higher educational professionals beyond the faculty/academic role to understand motivations and challenges online. Participants shared how they navigate digital identity and contribute to networked practices in professional online communities. Multiple factors influence and impact the use of social media over time, specifically as professionals reflect on their digital presence, network affiliations, and informal learning opportunities. We identify seven networked practices: kinship in community, self-directed learning, digital norms, navigating context collapse, career advancement, reputation management, and risk versus reward assessment.
Conscientious objection and systemic injustice
Authors: Pruski Michal
Published: February 2020

This paper follows on from a brief debate about the role of conscientious objection in healthcare, where the issue arose as to whether conscientious objection is (or can) be a tool of resistance against systemic injustice. The paper contributes to this debate by highlighting that some authors generally opposed to conscientious objection in healthcare have shown some support to this idea. Perhaps if there is one area in which all can agree, it is that in healthcare conscientious objection should be allowed so as to prevent cases of systemic injustice.
Nutritional supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: A systematic review
Authors: Aldhahir Abdulelah M , Rajeh Ahmed M Al , Aldabayan Yousef S , Drammeh Salifu , Subbu Vanitha , Alqahtani Jaber S , Hurst John R , Mandal Swapna
Published: February 2020

Uptake of nutritional supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been limited by an absence of rigorous evidence-based studies supporting use. The objective was to report and summarise the current evidence supporting the use of nutritional supplementation to improve outcomes during PR in stable COPD patients. A systematic search was conducted up to 7 August 2019 (registration number CRD42018089142). The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were used. Six databases were included: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online or MEDLARS Online, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Web of Science. This systematic search generated 580 initial matches, of which 22 studies (917 COPD participants) met the pre-specified criteria and were included. Sixteen of 19 studies that used nutritional supplements in addition to PR did not show additional benefit compared to PR alone when measuring exercise capacity. Nutritional supplements significantly increased body weight in 7 of 11 studies. Body mass index increased significantly in two of six studies. Handgrip strength did not improve, while quadriceps muscle strength significantly improved in 3 of 11 studies. Four of eight studies showed a significant improvement in inspiratory muscle function. Only 2 of 14 studies demonstrated a significant improvement in quality of life with supplementation in addition to PR. There remains insufficient evidence on the effect of nutritional supplementation on improving outcomes during PR in patients with COPD due to heterogeneity in supplements, outcome measures and PR programmes. Therefore, controversy remains and further research is needed.
Improved interacting multiple model algorithm airport surface target tracking based on geomagnetic sensors
Authors: Tang Xinmin , Zhao Wenjie , Gao Shangfeng
Published: February 2020

To avoid the inherent defects of current airport surface surveillance systems, a distributed non-cooperative surface surveillance scheme based on geomagnetic sensor technology is proposed in this article. Furthermore, a surface target tracking algorithm based on improved interacting multiple model (WIMM) is presented for use when the target is perceptible. In this algorithm, the weighted sum of the mean values of the residual errors, which is used to reconstruct the model probabilistic likelihood function, and the Markov model transition probability are updated using posterior information. When a target is imperceptible, its trajectory can be predicted by the target identified motion model and the adaptive model transition probability. Simulation results show that the WIMM algorithm can be used efficiently together with an observed small sample of velocity information for target tracking and trajectory prediction. Compared with the interacting multiple model and residual-mean interacting multiple model algorithms, the frequency of model switching and the rate of model identification were increased during the imperceptible period, and target prediction error was greatly reduced.
The Rise of Corporatocracy in a Disenchanted Age
Authors: Shaw Hillary J.
Published: February 2020

Political theorists such as Foucault and Giddens believed in the endurance of the ‘state’ as a political entity headed by a ‘king’. This division of the globe is contrary to the requirements of global capitalism which seeks the widest possible market and sources of raw materials and labour. The dichotomy is apparently resolved by global corporations usurping the power of the ‘king’, leaving him only a managerial role, to promote economic interests within his state. However the rootless standardisation of the globalised economy may engender a disenfranchised, disenchanted, discontented set of societies that perceive no allegiance to either king or corporation. Resistance to the global economy crystallises in a return to the enchantment of the local, which becomes a focal point for those who would dismantle the entire edifice of the multinational corporation. A middle course, between the entirely global and the entirely local, is only possible if we retain the capacity for self-determination rather than ceding our culture, our lives, to the consuming power of materialism.
Te Promise of Progress: Modernity, Accumulation, and the Urbanization of North Texas Water in the 20th Century
Authors: Simon James-Eric , Ahmed Waquar
Published: February 2020

Rationalities endemic to modernity entail an implicit spatial imaginary of networks. Additionally, modernity envisages nature as an external domain that is discoverable by science and domesticable through technology in order to drive economic productivity. This article examines Grapevine Reservoir as an artifact of modernity. Through an examination of Dallas-based representations of Denton Creek space, we seek to demonstrate that the area was discursively produced as a distal node of the Dallas network: as nothing more than a point-source for urban water. And as water flowed into Dallas, the city flowed outward to Grapevine along the same conduit. We draw on archival data from a major local newspaper during the proposal and construction phases of the reservoir (1921–1954), as well as key government documents prepared by the US Congress and US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in the 1940s. Texts were subjected to discourse analysis, to examine how urban interests rationalized Denton Creek space.
Impact of preventive screening and lifestyle interventions in women with a history of preeclampsia: A micro-simulation study
Authors: Lagerweij GR , Brouwers L , De Wit GA , Moons KGM , Benschop L , Maas AHEM , Franx A , Wermer MJH , Roeters van Lennep JE , van Rijn BB , Koffijberg H
Published: February 2020

Background

Preeclampsia is a female-specific risk factor for the development of future cardiovascular disease. Whether early preventive cardiovascular disease risk screenings combined with risk-based lifestyle interventions in women with previous preeclampsia are beneficial and cost-effective is unknown.

Methods

A micro-simulation model was developed to assess the life-long impact of preventive cardiovascular screening strategies initiated after women experienced preeclampsia during pregnancy. Screening was started at the age of 30 or 40 years and repeated every five years. Data (initial and follow-up) from women with a history of preeclampsia was used to calculate 10-year cardiovascular disease risk estimates according to Framingham Risk Score. An absolute risk threshold of 2% was evaluated for treatment selection, i.e. lifestyle interventions (e.g. increasing physical activity). Screening benefits were assessed in terms of costs and quality-adjusted-life-years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios compared with no screening.

Results

Expected health outcomes for no screening are 27.35 quality-adjusted-life-years and increase to 27.43 quality-adjusted-life-years (screening at 30 years with 2% threshold). The expected costs for no screening are €9426 and around €13,881 for screening at 30 years (for a 2% threshold). Preventive screening at 40 years with a 2% threshold has the most favourable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, i.e. €34,996/quality-adjusted-life-year, compared with other screening scenarios and no screening.

Conclusions

Early cardiovascular disease risk screening followed by risk-based lifestyle interventions may lead to small long-term health benefits in women with a history of preeclampsia. However, the cost-effectiveness of a lifelong cardiovascular prevention programme starting early after preeclampsia with risk-based lifestyle advice alone is relatively unfavourable. A combination of risk-based lifestyle advice plus medical therapy may be more beneficial.