bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of surface gravity waves on the injection of turbulence in the upper ocean
Authors: Bakhoday Paskyabi M. , Fer I.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Observations were made in the near-surface layer, at about 8 m depth in 132 m deep water off the coast of Ålesund in Norway, for a duration of 2.5 months in late 2011. The measurement period covers the passage of two low pressure systems with substantial wind and wave forcing. The time series of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ε, and the estimates of surface gravity waves are analysed. Dissipation rates varied by 5 orders of magnitude and reached 10-5–10-4 W kg−1 in conditions when wind speed exceeded 15 m s−1 and the significant wave height was of the order of 10 m. The data set suggests substantial injection of turbulence from breaking surface gravity waves and Langmuir turbulence. To support and interpret the observations, numerical calculations are conducted using a second-order turbulence closure scheme based on the Mellor–Yamada level 2.5 scheme, modified to incorporate the near-surface processes such as Langmuir circulation and wave breaking. The results from a run forced by observed wind and wave fields compare favourably with the observations. Comparisons with other near-surface data sets available from the literature lend confidence on our dissipation measurements and the wave-forced simulations.
CORROSION-INHIBITING BEHAVIOR OF EPOXIDIZED NATURAL RUBBER–POLYANILINE DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE (ENR-PANI.DBSA) BLENDS
Authors: Yong K. C.
Published: June 2014

Electrically conductive (up to 10−1 S cm−1) ENR-PAni.DBSA blends were produced, and their corrosion-inhibiting behaviors for carbon steel were successfully investigated. As observed from both total immersion and electrochemical corrosion tests, ENR-PAni.DBSA blends consisted of very low and very high PAni.DBSA contents (i.e., ≤5.0 wt% and ≥40.0 wt%) and showed poor corrosion-inhibiting behavior for carbon steel, either in acid or artificial brine environment. Meanwhile, blends with 10.0 to 30.0 wt% of PAni.DBSA content exhibited the best corrosion-inhibiting behavior for carbon steel.
The Impact of Financial Crisis on Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Greece: Is There Any Correlation?
Authors: Rouvas Alexandros A. , Chatziralli Irini P. , Ladas Ioannis D. , Xanthopoulou Vivi , Giannakaki Emmanouela , Karamboula Aikaterini , Galanis Dimitrios , Datseris Ioannis , Alonistiotis Dimitrios , Diamanti Ramza , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis , Chalkia Aikaterini , Theodossiadis Panagiotis
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To investigate the impact of economic crisis on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) incidence in Greece, analyzing data by 3 different ophthalmology units during the period 2005–2012.

Methods

Between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2012, all patients at 3 separate ophthalmology units, i.e., 2 public university clinics and 1 private center, presenting with the diagnosis of acute CSCR, either new cases or recurrent ones, were consecutively enrolled in the study. Patients' data, including age and sex, as well as the date of presentation, were recorded and analyzed. Recurrent cases were also recorded.

Results

The study sample included 580 new cases of CSCR (463 male, 117 female) and 97 recurrent cases (84 male, 13 female). The mean age was 48.8 ± 10.3 years (range 25–90). The number of incident as well as recurrent cases increased with more recent years. As expected, the increasing trend of cases and recurrences was reproducible upon the sex-specific analyses. Moreover, the increasing trend of cases and recurrences was reproducible upon the majority of analyses stratified by age.

Conclusions

Our study suggests a potential impact of financial crisis on CSCR. Our results demonstrated that CSCR incidence, in both new and recurrent cases, has increased during the years of economic crisis in Greece, especially in 2010-2011, implying that CSCR is likely to be associated with stress or other emotional stimuli caused by financial crisis. It is also important to note that the results were similar in public and private units.
Serum Ischemia Modified Albumin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels following Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections
Authors: Soiberman Uri , Levy Ran , Schwartz Shulamit , Goldstein Michaella , Loewenstein Anat , Barak Adiel
Published: June 2014

Purpose

Previous reports have demonstrated that the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are reduced after intravitreal injections of bevacizumab. This study aimed to determine the serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), a marker of ischemia, and VEGF following intravitreal injections of bevacizumab.

Methods

This was a prospective study. Blood samples were drawn prior to injection and at 1, 7, and 30 days after injection.

Results

A total of 11 patients participated in this study. Mean serum IMA levels were lower than baseline during follow-up, with statistically significant differences compared to baseline levels at day 1 and day 30 (preinjection: 49.82 ± 15.28 ng/mL; 44.57 ± 12.01 ng/mL, p = 0.007, and 43.71 ± 13.82 ng/mL, p = 0.001, respectively). Mean serum VEGF levels were lower than baseline throughout the follow-up period (from 307.45 ± 273.45 pg/mL at baseline to 159.55 ± 120.68 pg/mL at day 30). Mean serum VEGF levels were significantly lower compared to baseline levels at day 1 and day 7 (147.09 ± 106.08 pg/mL, p = 0.014; 72.91 ± 50 pg/mL, p = 0.011, respectively).

Conclusions

In this study, mean serum IMA and VEGF levels were lower following intravitreal bevacizumab injections.
Comparison of Cataract Surgery Techniques: Safety, Efficacy, and Cost-Effectiveness
Authors: Jaggernath Jyoti , Gogate Parikshit , Moodley Vadi , Naidoo Kovin S.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To compare the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of manual sutureless small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) and phacoemulsification (Phaco) as treatment options for cataract surgery with focus on intumescent, mature, and hypermature lenses (white cataracts).

Methods

A systematic search of research articles was conducted to develop an internal database for the investigators' appraisal. Literature searches were conducted by using key words and MeSH terms including cataracts, phacoemulsification, small-incision cataract incision, visual acuity, costs, training, time, and barriers to cataract surgery. The final synthesis included 42 manuscripts.

Results

All studies show that both Phaco and SICS are safe and effective techniques to rehabilitate cataract patients, but Phaco is costlier, with its pre-operative and postoperative medicines, anesthetic agents, viscoelastic materials, disposables, instrumentation, and intraocular lens (IOLs), and had a steeper learning curve. Small-incision cataract surgery, in comparison, has been shown to be faster and more cost-effective. It is useful in intumescent white, black, brown, and lens-induced glaucoma cataracts and could incorporate recent trends like topical and sub-Tenon anesthesia and temporal incisions. Both give equal best-corrected visual acuity but unaided vision has been shown to be slightly better in Phaco due to lesser astigmatism.

Conclusions

The literature points to SICS being more useful for intumescent and hard cataracts and is the preferred technique for less-resourced settings. Small-incision cataract surgery is comparable to Phaco in almost all aspects except postoperative astigmatism.
Prevalence of Corneal Astigmatism before Cataract Surgery in Caucasian Patients
Authors: De Bernardo Maddalena , Zeppa Lucio , Cennamo Michela , Iaccarino Stefania , Zeppa Lucia , Rosa Nicola
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To analyze and quantify the pattern of corneal astigmatism in patients awaiting cataract surgery to provide information for cataract surgeons and intraocular lens (IOL) manufacturers and to establish the demand for toric IOLs in a hospital.

Methods

This cross-sectional retrospective study evaluated keratometric (K) values measured by partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) in cataract surgery candidates, who were then analyzed and correlated by age and axial length (AL) ranges.

Results

The study evaluated the K values in 757 eyes of 380 patients with a mean age of 71.9 ± 10.2 years (range 33–96 years). The mean corneal astigmatism was 1.02 ± 0.69 D (range 0.06–4.57 D). It was 1 D or higher in 316 (41.74%) eyes. The mean AL was 23.56 ± 1.35 mm (range 20.53–31.86 mm).

Conclusions

Our study shows that roughly 50% of the eyes have more than 1 D of astigmatism. The results can help hospitals plan and analyze the amount and costs of using toric IOLs in patients with corneal astigmatism.
Postcataract Surgery Endophthalmitis after Introduction of the ESCRS Protocol: A 5-year Study
Authors: Beselga Diana , Campos António , Castro Miguel , Fernandes Cristina , Carvalheira Fausto , Campos Sónia , Mendes Sílvia , Neves Arminda , Campos Joana , Violante Luís , Sousa João C.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To present the results of a retrospective comparative unicentric institutional study of the incidence of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis before and after the introduction of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) protocol in 2007 in our department.

Methods

This study included 15,689 eyes of patients undergoing cataract surgery between 2005 and 2011. Surgeries were performed by 9 different surgeons. After June 2007, the ESCRS protocol was introduced, and all patients underwent intracameral injection of 1 mg of cefuroxime (10 mg/mL) at the end of cataract surgery. Cefuroxime was prepared prior to surgery in the operating room. All patients were observed between 6 weeks and 3 months after surgery.

Results

Between January 2005 and June 2007, before the introduction of the ESCRS protocol in our department, 2299 patients underwent cataract surgery and there were 6 cases of postoperative endophthalmitis (0.26%). After the introduction of the protocol, 13,390 surgeries were performed and there were no cases of endophthalmitis.

Conclusions

Postoperative endophthalmitis is one of the most devastating cataract surgery complications. Our results provide strong evidence of the utility of cefuroxime as prophylaxis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.
Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Features by High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Orduña-Azcona Javier , Gili Pablo , De Manuel-Triantafilo Sofia , Flores-Rodriguez Patricia
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To describe the features of solitary congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) using high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT).

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational, noncomparative case series including 16 consecutive patients with solitary CHRPE. We describe the clinical and OCT features of CHRPE using the 5 radial lines acquisition OCT protocol over the CHRPE and the retina next to the tumor.

Results

The mean patient age was 54 years (median 57 years; range 8–76 years). The CHRPE lesion was outside the posterior pole in 14 of the patients (8 temporal, 3 superior, 2 nasal, and 1 inferior quadrant) and 2 peripapillary. Fifteen patients (94%) showed retinal thinning and complete photoreceptor loss overlying the CHRPE. The RPE hyperreflectivity was found in all patients. The retina over the lesion measured a mean of 60.3% (range 41%–95%) of the thickness of the adjacent normal retina.

Conclusions

High-definition OCT showed retinal thinning, photoreceptor loss, and RPE hyperreflectivity in solitary CHRPE lesions.
Initial Utilization of Aflibercept in Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Cho Hyung , Weber Marissa L. , Shah Chirag P. , Heier Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

Intravitreal aflibercept, a fusion protein with high affinity for vascular endothelial growth factor, offers an alternative treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Preclinical studies and early and late phase clinical trials suggest that aflibercept's high binding affinity may impart greater durability of activity and increased efficacy compared to ranibizumab or bevacizumab.

Methods

A total of 266 eyes of 249 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration who received aflibercept after treatment with bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab were included in a retrospective review. Mean central subfoveal thickness on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity were calculated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the first aflibercept injection. Subgroup analyses were performed in eyes receiving at least 5 bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab injections in the 6 months prior to aflibercept and in eyes receiving at least 10 injections in the 12 months prior to aflibercept.

Results

Eyes received an average of 14.7 (range 1–43) ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab treatments prior to initiation of aflibercept therapy. The mean central subfoveal thickness decreased from 300 to 275 μm at 1 month (p<0.001) and was maintained at 6 months. Mean logMAR visual acuity improved from 0.60 (Snellen equivalent 20/80) to 0.54 (20/70, p = 0.01) at 1 month and was stable at 0.55 at 6 months (Snellen equivalent 20/70, p = 0.11, n = 251). In 82 eyes receiving at least 5 injections in the 6 months prior to aflibercept treatment (average of 18.1 injections total), the central subfoveal thickness improved from 296 to 279 μm at 1 month (p<0.0001) and was maintained at 6 months (p<0.0001). Visual acuity did not change (0.48 [20/61] at 1 month compared to baseline, 0.49 [20/62], p = 0.634, and at 6 months 0.51 [20/65], p = 0.601). In 50 eyes receiving at least 10 injections in the 12 months prior to aflibercept treatment (average of 21.8 injections total), the mean central subfoveal thickness decreased by 17 μm at 1 month (p = 0.0007) and was maintained at 6 months (p = 0.013). Again, visual acuity did not change (0.46 [20/56] at 1 month, baseline 0.44 [20/56], p = 0.547, and 0.50 [20/63] at 6 months, p = 0.2445).

Conclusions

Aflibercept is a valuable treatment alternative in patients previously treated with bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab injections. Stability of visual acuity and anatomic improvement on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were observed after initiation of aflibercept treatment in those previously treated with ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab injections every 4–6 weeks.
Bilateral Panuveitis in a Patient on Vemurafenib BRAF Inhibitor Therapy for Stage IV Melanoma
Authors: Agemy Steven A. , Mehta Ankur N. , Pachydaki Sophia I. , Tewari Asheesh
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To describe a case of recurrent, bilateral panuveitis caused by the BRAF proto-oncogene inhibitor vemurafenib.

Methods

Case report.

Results

A 25-year-old woman developed bilateral panuveitis and macular edema after initiating treatment with the BRAF enzyme inhibitor vemurafenib for stage IV cutaneous melanoma. The patient was successfully treated with sub-Tenon triamcinolone injections along with cessation of the medication.

Conclusions

Panuveitis is a potential adverse effect of vemurafenib. Good communication with oncology is necessary, in case the medication needs to be discontinued.
Endothelial Cell Loss after Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Patients with Previous Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Ortiz Antonio Cano , Villarrubia Alberto , Laborda Juan M. , Villa Pedro M. , Maqueda Mariano R.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To describe the changes in endothelial cell density after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with previous Descemet stripping with automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods

Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 3 eyes after DSAEK (16, 14, and 7 months, respectively). Two patients had a retinal detachment and the third patient had an epiretinal membrane. The cell population density and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were measured before and after PPV.

Results

Two months after PPV, the average endothelial cell loss was 11.12% (range 10.3%–12.15%). One patient lost 2 lines of CDVA and the other 2 patients lost only half a line of Snellen CDVA.

Conclusions

Patients who have undergone DSAEK may experience accelerated endothelial cell loss after a subsequent PPV procedure but the extra cell loss should not pose a short-term risk to graft viability unless the endothelial cell density was already borderline.
Inadvertent Dexamethasone Implant Injection into the Lens Body Management
Authors: Berarducci Antonio , Sian Inderpaul S. , Ling Roland
Published: June 2014

Purpose

Dexamethasone intravitreal implant is an approved preparation in the treatment of macular edema. The most common adverse reactions are increased intraocular pressure and cataract but the inadvertent injection of the dexamethasone implant into the capsular bag is an extremely rare event.

Methods

We present a case of a 78-year-old man treated for persistence of cystoid macular edema (CME) with Ozurdex intravitreal implant in which the procedure was complicated by the injection of the dexamethasone implant into the lens body and discuss the management.

Results

The patient underwent phacoemulsification of the lens, replacement of the Ozurdex, and implant of a 3-piece lens in the posterior chamber.

Conclusions

The injection of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) into the lens body is an extremely rare complication that can be effectively and successfully managed with the surgical extraction of the implant from the lens body and implant of a 3-piece intraocular lens in the sulcus.
Fibrin Reaction after Uveitic Cataract Surgery: Treatment and Prevention
Authors: da Rocha Lima Breno , Pichi Francesco , Nucci Paolo , Srivastava Sunil K. , Lowder Careen Y.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To describe the management with intracameral recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) of severe fibrin effusion after phacoemulsification, and its prevention with sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant.

Methods

A 59-year-old man with chronic HLA-B27–associated uveitis underwent phacoemulsification followed by a sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant.

Results

A postoperative severe fibrin reaction was completely resolved after intracameral injection of rtPA. At the time of the phacoemulsification of the fellow eye, a dexamethasone implant was injected 5 days prior to surgery, with no fibrin formation.

Conclusions

Intracameral rtPA may be successfully used in the management of severe fibrin reaction. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant to control postoperative inflammation may take several days until it achieves high concentrations in the vitreous.
Intraocular Femtosecond Laser Use in Traumatic Cataract
Authors: Szepessy Zsuzsanna , Takács Ágnes , Kránitz Kinga , Filkorn Tamás , Nagy Zoltán Z.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To report the use of femtosecond laser cataract surgery in a traumatic case.

Methods

A 38-year-old man had a penetrating eye injury while working with wire. The corneal laceration was sutured first. In the postoperative period, cortical cataract appeared in the crystalline lens; therefore, in the second session, cataract surgery was performed using a femtosecond laser system (Alcon-LenSx Lasers Inc.).

Results

Corneal incisions, an intact 4.5 mm capsulorhexis, and nucleus liquefaction were performed with the femtosecond laser. Corrected distance visual acuity was 0.9 1 month after surgery.

Conclusions

Femtosecond laser is an effective method in traumatic cataract cases after penetrating eye injury. Corneal incisions, capsulorhexis, and nucleus liquefaction can be performed precisely and safety.
Urinary Diversion: Long-Term Functional Aspects
Authors: Cerruto Maria Angela
Published: June 2014

Functional aspects and quality of life (QOL) of patients with a urinary diversion (UD) represent important issues in Urology. Any form of UD has its specific problems. In experienced hands and with regular long-term follow-up, serious complications can be avoided and excellent long-term results can be achieved. Thus, the selection of an appropriate UD is critical to patient's long-term satisfaction. Patients must be fully counseled in all types of UD and should have ready access to all options. There are 3 kinds of factors to be considered in the selection of UD: patient, physician, and general factors. In the pre-operative counseling, it is mandatory to explain all factors that over time may contribute to affect the patient's urinary tract function and QOL, mainly linked to long-term complications of UD. One of the most important requirements for any bladder substitution is that it should not jeopardize the renal function. There are many urological and non-urological potential reasons for deterioration in renal function following UD. Continence results after neobladder (NB) are difficult to compare between series published in the literature because of a lack of consensus of definitions, varied follow-up periods, and different mechanisms of data collection. In up to 22% of patients with NB, significant residual urine volumes were observed. The overall patients’ QOL reported in most articles was good, irrespective of the type of UD. QOL of patients with a well functioning NB seems to be significantly better than other forms of diversion. Well-designed randomized prospective trials are warranted to render definitive conclusions.
Ureteroscopy: is it the best?
Authors: Porpiglia Francesco , Fiori Cristian , Poggio Massimiliano , Cossu Marco , Amparore Daniele , Manfredi Matteo , Bertolo Riccardo , Mele Fabrizio , Garrou Diletta , Cattaneo Giovanni , Scarpa Roberto Mario
Published: June 2014

Over the last 40 years the treatment of urolithiasis passed from open surgical therapies to minimally invasive approaches. From the introduction of the first ureteroscopes in ‘80s many technological improvements allowed to reduce endourological instruments’ size, ensuring in the meanwhile an increasingly high success rate in the resolution of the urolithiasis.

The purpose of the study is to review the current role of the ureteroscopy(URS) in the treatment of urinary stones.

A non-systematic review was performed considering the most recent Guidelines and results from Literature.

The results confirm that, considering ureteral calculi, the stone-free rate (SFR) for URS is significantly higher than for ESWL in the treatment of distal ureteral stones <10 mm and >10 mm. Endoscopy has a first-line role also in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones >10 mm, together with ESWL. Retreatment rate and ancillary procedures are also lower in patients treated with URS, despite it is more invasive if compared with ESWL.

Recent data are available in Literature about the treatment of nephrolithiasis with Retrograde Intra-Renal Surgery (RIRS). RIRS is the first-line treatment, together with ESWL, for stones <20 mm, and second choice for stones >20 mm. However, for large renal stones the role of RIRS is still being discussed.

In conclusion, the majority of urinary stones can be treated by rigid or flexible URS. Further studies are required to clarify the role of endoscopy in the treatment of large stones, especially if compared to percutaneous approaches.
Plant production and nutritive quality of savannah-like grasslands (dehesas) in semi-arid zones of the province of Salamanca [Spain]
Authors: Martin Polo J.L. , García Bellido I. , Sánchez Rodríguez M.E.
Published: June 2014

A study was made of two savannah-like (dehesa) pastures on which cattle (Morucha cows × Charolais bulls) are raised for beef. The soil of dehesa system A was developed over slate, while that of B was developed over granite. The type of vegetation, dry matter yield (DM), raw protein (RP) content, digestible organic matter (DOM) content and the metabolizable energy (ME) of each system was determined to provide the nutritive value of the two types of pasture. Dietary supplements were assessed in the same way. The DM yields for 1989, 1990 and 1991 were 751, 1900 and 1438 for system A, and 577, 1937 and 1361 kg ha-1 for system B. The RP values for April and December were 17.6 +/- 1.4%, falling to a minimum of 6.7 +/- 0.4% in July-October. Intermediate values were seen for the rest of the year. The ME showed mean values of 9.4 +/- 0.3 and 7.9 +/- 0.2 MJ kg DM-1 for systems A and B respectively, while mean metabolicity was 0.50 +/- 0.2 and 0.44 +/- 0.1 (P < 0.05) and the DOM was 67.5 +/- 4.2% and 44.3 +/- 3.9% respectively. These values were affected by the year and harvest date (P < 0.05) and were always greater (P < 0.05) on soils developed over slates. The greatest pasture ME was achieved in spring and represented some 77-95% of total pasture production, depending on the year. Supplements represented approximately 20% of the total available ME.
Short communication. Repellency and toxicity of oils from different origins on Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae) in pepper
Authors: Martin Lopez B. , López López V. , Cabaleiro Sobrino C.
Published: June 2014

Three trials have been carried out to assess the repellency and toxicity of oils of different origins on Myzus persicae in pepper plants: a summer mineral oil, refined oils of soya and rapeseed and a crude fish oil. The results obtained suggest that tested oils, in particular fish oil, are feeding deterrents for apterous aphids. These oils did not cause repellency to alate aphids, since the alates freely chose to settle on either oil treated or untreated plants. Only plants treated with the standard insecticide (Cypermethrin) were not colonized by the alates and their nymphs. On the contrary, direct spray of pepper leaves infested with apterous aphids showed that oils were toxic for the aphids, since 12 h after spraying the mortality rates were equal or above 70% in all cases. By this time, among all the oils, the mineral oil showed the best control efficacy (12 h89% mortality rate, statistically comparable with the standard). However, at 36 h mineral oil mortality rate (90%) was similar to that of fish and rapeseed oils.
Conservation tillage: long term effect on soil and crops under rainfed conditions in South-West Spain (Western Andalusia)
Authors: Murillo J. M. , Moreno F. , Girón I. F. , Oblitas M. I.
Published: June 2014

The effect of long term conservation tillage (CT) application on the stratification ratio (SR) of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrient (P and K) contents, loss of the soil CaCO3 and on the crops performance was studied. The SR was established dividing the SOC content at 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil depths by the SOC at deeper depths (10-25 cm and 25-35 cm). Results were compared with those obtained under traditional tillage (TT). The study was conducted in a wheat-sunflower crop rotation established in 1991 under rainfed conditions in south-west Spain; results shown here correspond to the years 2001 (sunflower) and 2002 (wheat). The results show that, under studied conditions, CT improved soil quality by reaching a greater SR (> 2) than that in TT (< 2) (SR > 2 indicates better soil quality), decreasing the loss of CaCO3 and increasing the P and K contents at the soil surface (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm). Crop performance was in general better under CT than under TT.
Validation of an EIA [enzyme immunoassay] technique for the determination of salivary cortisol in cattle
Authors: Chacón Pérez G. , García-Belenguer Laita S. , Illera del Portal J.C. , Palacio Liesa J.
Published: June 2014

This work involves the development and validation of an enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA) for the measurement of the cortisol concentration in cattle saliva. Saliva samples present several advantages over plasma samples in animal welfare studies. Saliva collection avoids venipuncture as a stress factor. Also, saliva components do not affect EIA as plasma components do. At present, there is no validated commercial method for saliva cortisol determination in cattle. Commercially available radioimmunoassay kits for human plasma (detection range: 10-100 ng ml-1) are not sensitive enough for animals with low concentrations of salivary cortisol (< 4 ng ml-1). Thus, EIA is the method of choice in cattle. Sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy EIA tests showed this method to be suitable and reliable. The detection limit was found to be 0.024 ng ml-1, representing an improvement on previously described techniques. Intra-assay and inter-assay variation coefficients were 1.47-7.30% and 2.40-9.78%, respectively. The recovery rates for cortisol added to saliva samples were 91.36-126.5%. Parallelism tests showed that saliva cortisol levels can be determined in cattle samples without extraction. The correlation between saliva and plasma cortisol was positive (r = 0.75) and the saliva/plasma cortisol ratio was around 10%. Therefore, saliva samples are a suitable alternative to plasma samples in bovine HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis evaluation.
A comparison of methods to experimentally induce chalk brood disease in honey bees
Authors: Flores J.M. , Gutiérrez I. , Puerta F.
Published: June 2014

Chalk brood in honey bee is a fungal brood disease caused by Ascosphaera apis. It is very difficult to reproduce chalk brood in a homogeneous way in a large number of colonies, therefore appropriate methods to experimentally induce and evaluate the disease would be useful for research. We inoculated experimentally the colonies, using three treatments: spores sprayed over combs, spores mixed with pollen and sugar syrup with spores. The collection of mummies in traps in the hive entrance, bottom board and combs showed a lack of efficacy in the quantification of the disease. A controlled chilling of the brood yielded very satisfactory results. Using this last technique, spores mixed with water sprayed over combs reached 90.63% of mummification, while colonies fed with spores mixed up with pollen reached 86.32%. The use of sugar syrup with spores (60.13% of mummification) proved to be less effective.
Application of Impulse Oscillometry in Respiratory System Evaluation in Elderly Patients
Authors: Tomalak Waldemar , Czajkowska-Malinowska Małgorzata , Radliński Jakub
Published: June 2014

Introduction: Spirometry, which is a basic diagnostic tool of the respiratory system, may cause problems to patients of advanced age because of required cooperation and specific respiratory manoeuvres. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) may be an interesting alternative for spirometry as the examination is made during quiet breathing and gives information about resistive properties of the respiratory system. Materials and Methods: This work presents the results of oscillometric measurements made in 277 patients aged 65–96 years, in whom spirometry was also performed. Results: Resistances measured with IOS (R5, R5-R20) and the resonant frequency Fn correlated significantly with FEV1 (r = −0.503; −0.570 and −0.673, respectively). A comparison of the results from patients with airway obstruction confirmed in spirometry with those of the non-obstructed group showed highly significant differences in mean values of oscillometric parameters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: As R5-R20 is regarded as a measure of peripheral airways resistance, IOS may serve as an interesting complementary or alternative method for spirometry in elderly subjects for evaluation of the state of respiratory system.
Neuroendokrynna hiperplazja wieku niemowlęcego—Opis przypadku
Authors: Lange Joanna , Dishop Megan , Krenke Katarzyna
Published: June 2014

Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy is a rare form of children’s interstitial lung disease recognised usually in infancy and in children younger than two years old. The typical clinical scenario, such as chest retractions, tachypnoea, hypoxaemia, crackles, characteristic changes in high-resolution computed tomography and histological examination of the lung parenchyma, is the cornerstone for diagnosis. In the article, the authors describe clinical manifestation of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and a present case of an infant with this rare interstitial lung disease.
Współistnienie sekwestracji płuca i wrodzonej torbielowatości gruczolakowatej płuc. Prezentacja przypadku klinicznego i przegląd piśmiennictwa
Authors: Sanocki Marcin , Dudek Anna , Krenke Katarzyna , Karolczak Maciej , Motylewicz Barbara , Kulus Marek
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a case report of an infant, with a prenatally diagnosed congenital lung malformation, which proved to be pulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. The authors discuss current knowledge on diagnosis, clinical course and suggestions of ante- and postnatal management of patients with pulmonary sequestration or/and congenital cystic lung malformation.
Drinking water quality concerns from chloramine‐induced degradation of elastomeric compounds
Authors: Nagisetty Raja M. , Rockaway Thomas D. , Willing Gerold A.
Published: June 2014

Over the last decade, chloramines have often been used in place of chlorine as a disinfectant because of US Environmental Protection Agency regulations associated with disinfection by‐products. Although the switch generally has been beneficial, subsequent to this change, several utilities have reported problems with substantially higher rates of elastomeric component degradation in the distribution system. To investigate long‐term drinking water quality concerns, accelerated degradation tests were performed for three of the most commonly used elastomers (natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, and sulfur‐cured ethylene propylene diene monomer). Test solutions were then analyzed for suspended solids and organic compounds. Most of the organic compounds identified were associated with leaching of compounds from the elastomers; the exception was chloroform, which is thought to be a reaction by‐product. The presence of these organic compounds is considered to be long term because they are continually added to the system as the elastomeric compounds degrade over time.
NDMA formation from gaskets used in water storage tanks
Authors: Teefy Susan , Chan Clifford C. , Wong Wayne , Work Lori
Published: June 2014

Elevated concentrations of N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were detected in a distribution system during routine monitoring. The high concentrations were localized, and a temporary storage tank was suspected to be the source of the problem. Samples of the gaskets used in the construction of the temporary tank were gathered and subjected to bench‐scale tests. These tests demonstrated that the gaskets, when exposed to system water, did produce NDMA as well as other nitrosamines. Chloramine did not contribute to NDMA or N‐nitrosodi‐n‐butylamine (NDBA) leaching from gasket material.
L’ironie contre la sagesse de la petite servante thrace : analyse d’un débat entre Jean Larose et Jacques Pelletier
Authors: Livernois Jonathan
Published: June 2014

La polémique qui opposa Jacques Pelletier (Les habits neufs de la droite culturelle) et Jean Larose (La souveraineté rampante) en 1994 révèle un « dialogue de sourds » (Marc Angenot) sur la définition et le rôle de la culture. Elle départage deux visions du monde : l’une, à laquelle se rattache Jean Larose, est romanesque et ironique, tandis que la seconde, qui subsume les idées de Jacques Pelletier, est rivée au concret, se veut sérieuse. La vision romanesque de la culture et du monde permet aussi de mieux comprendre la pensée d’une importante famille intellectuelle québécoise, groupée autour de la revue Liberté (surtout au cours des années 1980) et des Éditions du Boréal (surtout de la collection « Papiers collés »).
Survol d’une historiographie irlando-québécoise en développement
Authors: Jolivet Simon
Published: June 2014

Depuis peu, des colloques et des publications ont agité le monde de l’historiographie irlando-québécoise en y insufflant une vigueur nouvelle. Les recherches récentes se concentrent sur deux axes principaux : celui de la comparaison Irlande et Québec et celui des relations intranationales qui ont eu cours depuis les années 1820 entre Irlando-Québécois et Canadiens français. L’univers académique irlando-québécois est en voie de retoucher les thèses révisionnistes irlando-canadiennes — bien établies au Canada anglais depuis le début des années 1980 —, en plus de corriger certaines lacunes historiographiques au sujet du Québec. La première moitié de l’article tracera l’évolution de l’historiographie irlando-québécoise, justement en rapport avec celle du Canada anglais. La deuxième moitié, davantage portée sur les questions politiques, visera à éclairer le potentiel de ce champ académique encore en développement.
Des jeunes nationalistes dans les années 1940 : les Jeunes Laurentiens
Authors: Rajotte David
Published: June 2014

Les Jeunes Laurentiens sont un mouvement de jeunes nationalistes qui œuvra au Canada français de 1940 à 1950. Ayant à son apogée près de 5 000 membres répartis de Winnipeg à Moncton, le mouvement eut un grand rayonnement, mais ne fut jamais véritablement étudié par les historiens. Cet article met en lumière la pensée du groupe de jeunes. Nous montrons qu’il offrit une excellente synthèse des poncifs nationalistes de l’époque. Les laurentiens étaient notamment des groulxistes convaincus. Ils furent par ailleurs très engagés dans la lutte contre la conscription, laquelle contribua à leur expansion. C’est leur jeunesse qui les rendait les plus aptes, croyaient-ils, à assurer les transformations nécessaires à la survie de la nation.
Fils légitimes de l’imaginaire national : les Canadiens français selon The Beaver-Canada First, organe des Native Sons of Canada, 1928-1929
Authors: Lacombe Sylvie
Published: June 2014

Cet article décrit la perception des Canadiens français dans le journal Beaver-Canada First, organe officiel de l’association Native Sons of Canada, active dans les années 1920, et qui se présente elle-même comme un groupe de pression destiné à promouvoir un sain patriotisme et une fierté nationale dans tous les champs de la culture et de la société canadienne. L’article décrit l’association et le contenu de son journal avant d’exposer la place ménagée aux Canadiens français; celle-ci est imprégnée de « bonne entente », mais elle témoigne aussi des limites du canadianisme politique, à défaut d’être civique, que professe Native Sons of Canada.
L’iconographie rébellienne, la face cachée de l’historiographie des rébellions de 1837-1838 : quelques études de cas
Authors: St-Jean France
Published: June 2014

Au contraire du sujet historique, l’iconographie des rébellions a suscité jusqu’ici bien peu d’intérêt de la part des chercheurs, et ce, bien qu’il s’agisse d’un vecteur significatif dans la construction de l’imaginaire collectif à l’égard de ce moment que l’on dit fondateur de l’histoire du Québec et du Canada. Ce regard attentif sur quelques-unes des œuvres qui composent ce corpus, produites tant au moment des insurrections qu’ultérieurement, en est d’abord un centré sur l’objet matériel. Ces œuvres remises par ailleurs dans leurs contextes de production et de première réception, leur analyse permet une autre lecture de la place occupée par le moment patriote dans la mémoire des générations qui les ont vues naître.
Une lutte contre « le plus forcené des Yankees » : Edmond de Nevers et les Irlandais des États-Unis
Authors: Warren Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2014

À partir d’une discussion portant sur les relations entre les Irlandais et les Canadiens français, cet article présente les grandes lignes de la pensée racialiste d’Edmond de Nevers (1862-1906), un auteur chez qui se lit sans doute le mieux la théorie des races qui dominait chez l’élite intellectuelle à son époque. L’incorporation annoncée des Canadiens français au sein de la grande République américaine représentait, à ses yeux, l’occasion d’une confrontation inévitable avec l’esprit collectif irlandais. Quelles seraient les relations entre ces deux groupes majoritairement catholiques ? Comment allaient-ils interagir ? Et surtout, qu’est-ce que la « science des races », telle qu’interprétée par Nevers, pouvait bien apprendre à ceux et celles qui tentaient de scruter l’avenir de l’Union américaine à un moment névralgique de son histoire ?
Le rêve américain de Mgr Alfred Baudrillart. La mission nord-américaine du recteur de l’Institut catholique de Paris en 1927
Authors: Courtois Charles-Philippe
Published: June 2014

Recteur de l’Institut catholique de Paris et membre de l’Académie française, Mgr Alfred Baudrillart effectua une mission officielle au Canada français en 1927 à l’occasion du Deuxième Congrès international de la Société du parler français. Publiés entre 1994 et 2003, les Carnets posthumes du recteur fournissent une source intéressante aux chercheurs en histoire intellectuelle. Ils permettent ici de mettre en lumière quelques réseaux intellectuels transatlantiques se manifestant à l’occasion de cette mission. Le recteur est en effet accueilli chaleureusement par les milieux officiels du Québec autant que par les milieux intellectuels. Les réseaux qui ont préparé cette visite lient l’Institut catholique de Paris, dont le rayonnement est alors important au Québec, l’Institut scientifique franco-canadien, le Comité France-Amérique, l’Action française de Montréal (par l’entremise de Jean Bruchési), ainsi que l’Académie française et la Société du parler français. Enthousiasmé par le Canada français, à la fois catholique et moderne, Mgr Baudrillart dévoile dans ses Carnets l’ambition de voir naître une Amérique française indépendante à long terme, dans l’esprit de l’enquête Notre avenir politique de l’Action française. Il nous invite également à renouveler notre approche d’un Québec révolu, davantage variante de modernité conservatrice qu’îlot isolé des grands courants modernes.
Robert Rumilly, passeur des droites nationalistes entre la France et le Canada français
Authors: Dard Olivier
Published: June 2014

Cet article s’attache à Robert Rumilly et à ses fonctions de passeur des droites nationalistes entre la France et le Canada français. Français marqué originellement par le maurrassisme et arrivé au Canada en 1928 pour en prendre la nationalité en 1934, Rumilly n’est jamais retourné en France. Le propos s’articule chronologiquement en trois étapes. Dans un premier temps, il s’agit d’analyser la relation entre Rumilly, le maurrassisme et le Canada français. L’article s’intéresse ensuite à l’épuration que ce pétainiste convaincu dénonce vivement au Canada en recyclant des thématiques venues de France. Ce recyclage s’accompagne, dans un troisième temps, d’un placage et d’une réinterprétation lorsque Rumilly stigmatise, sous le nom d’« infiltration gauchiste », l’emprise des « catholiques de gauche » et la subversion à l’œuvre au Canada.
Un réseau indépendantiste dans le Québec des années 1930
Authors: Noël Mathieu
Published: June 2014

Dans les années 1930, l’idée d’indépendance du Québec est proposée et défendue par des groupes de jeunes nationalistes tels que les Jeune-Canada, les Jeunesses patriotes et les collaborateurs des périodiques Vivre et La Nation. Ces différents groupes s’inscrivent dans un réseau. Les indépendantistes entretiennent des liens entre eux et souhaitent transmettre leurs idées à la société canadienne-française, mais ils ne réussissent pas à rejoindre les masses et ainsi transformer leur réseau en mouvement social. Cet article présente et analyse le réseau indépendantiste des années 1930 afin de comprendre son développement, les raisons qui l’ont empêché de devenir un mouvement social et les causes de sa disparition vers la fin de la décennie.
La longue marche de l’Afrique du Sud : en mémoire des Canadiens français qui ont participé à la première intervention militaire du Canada au XXe siècle
Authors: MacFarlane John ,   Ministère de la Défense nationale
Published: June 2014

Dans cet article, nous nous penchons sur la participation des Canadiens français à la Guerre des Boers (1899-1902), ainsi que sur la place de ce conflit dans la mémoire collective. Contrairement à une opinion reçue, il ressort de l’analyse de quotidiens importants et de discours de notables que la politique suivie par le gouvernement de sir Wilfrid Laurier était appuyée avec modération par une majorité de Canadiens français, du moins dans les premiers mois de la guerre, et que plusieurs d’entre eux ont servi sous les drapeaux, parfois avec brio. L’oubli de ces faits dans la mémoire collective est attribuable au préjugé de l’analyse des impérialistes durant le conflit, à l’absence de contribution significative des Canadiens français à la mise sur pied de l’armée régulière du Canada, ainsi qu’au discours nationaliste canadien-français, puis québécois, au XXe siècle qui, en mettant l’accent sur les conflits entre francophones et anglophones, tendit à en exagérer la portée.
Le libéralisme dans la pensée religieuse de Mgr Bruchési
Authors: Primeau Francis
Published: June 2014

Cet article aborde le rapport entre le libéralisme et le catholicisme par l’étude de la pensée de Mgr Paul-Napoléon Bruchési. Il révèle que, dans la pratique, nombreux sont les points de rencontre entre le catholicisme québécois et le libéralisme historique, conservateur, de tradition britannique. Certes, des tensions ont toujours existé tant au niveau théorique que pratique entre les deux idéologies puisqu’elles sont basées sur deux conceptions différentes du monde, la première véhiculant une vision organique de la société reposant sur un principe transcendant, la seconde, une vision atomisée relevant d’un immanentisme. Toutefois, ces tensions n’ont pas empêché les accommodements pratiques entre elles dans le but de maintenir le nouvel ordre social en place. Néanmoins, un ennemi est identifié, un combat est mené par les défenseurs du catholicisme. Cet ennemi n’est pas la modernité ou le libéralisme dans son ensemble, mais un élément présent dans la synthèse libérale : l’individualisme anthropocentrique et matérialiste. Chez Mgr Bruchési, c’est principalement de ce point que découle tous les autres problèmes associés à l’émergence du monde moderne.
Se souvenir de demain : réflexions sur l’édification des mémoires collectives au Canada-Uni
Authors: Ducharme Michel
Published: June 2014

Lorsque les Canadiens, français et anglais, se mettent à l’écriture d’oeuvres historiques dans le deuxième tiers du XIXe siècle ou encore lorsqu’ils rendent compte du passé à l’intérieur d’oeuvres littéraires, ils ne regardent pas le passé mais contemplent le présent. La mémoire, qui est alors créée et transmise, répond d’abord et avant tout aux impératifs reliés à l’émergence de nouvelles identités en Amérique du Nord britannique, d’une volonté collective d’exister indépendamment de l’Autre (quel qu’il soit). Cette mémoire constitue d’abord et avant tout une justification du présent et un programme pour l’avenir où le passé sert essentiellement d’alibi discursif. Cet article met en lumière l’aspect essentiellement idéologique de la mémoire construite au Canada à cette époque.
Souvenir, mémoire et imaginaire de la francité dans Les Filles de Caleb
Authors: Demers Frédéric
Published: June 2014

La télésérie Les Filles de Caleb, œuvre de fiction inspirée de la vie de personnes réelles, a proposé aux Québécois une représentation d’eux-mêmes qui misait sur une panoplie de stéréotypes bien établis dans leur imaginaire et à laquelle ils ont conféré une valeur d’authenticité à la fois historique et nationale. Par une analyse de son discours sur la francité, notion entendue comme patrimoine culturel hérité de France ou tenu pour tel dans la mémoire, cet article montre comment la télésérie s’est servie de ces stéréotypes pour donner à son récit une valeur ajoutée sur le plan identitaire. La réaction populaire suscitée par Les Filles de Caleb témoigne avec éloquence de la réussite de l’entreprise, tout autant qu’elle nous permet de pénétrer à l’intérieur du mécanisme de construction de la réalité à partir du contenu d’une fiction.
Usage du passé et mémoire collective franco-ontarienne : le souvenir du Règlement 17 dans la bataille pour sauver l’hôpital Montfort
Authors: Martel Marcel
Published: June 2014

C’est en se référant à la lutte contre le Règlement 17 que la présidente du comité S.O.S. Montfort, Gisèle Lalonde, présente la lutte pour sauver l’hôpital Montfort. Cet épisode constitue un cas d’analyse des efforts, déployés par les responsables de S.O.S. Montfort, pour mobiliser la communauté en se référant à l’histoire. C’est aussi l’occasion d’analyser les usages précis de la mémoire collective des Franco-Ontariens dans le but de donner du sens à l’expérience historique de la communauté.