bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Safeguarding: Theory, Practice, and Case Studies
Authors: Petrucci Nicholas
Published: January 2021

A machine is a device that uses energy to perform some type of useful mechanical work. Therefore, it must have at least one (and more often many) moving parts. A safeguard is a measure taken to protect someone from physical harm. The sources of harm from a machine typically stem from moving parts and/or electric current. Effective machine safeguards substantially reduce personnel exposure to these hazards and/or the resulting harm, and, as a result, optimize machine productivity. A common image that comes to mind in regard to a machine safeguard is a physical barrier that prevents a worker from inadvertently placing a body part into a hazardous space of a large industrial machine. Different types of machine safeguards will be discussed in this paper. The safeguarding hierarchy will be presented, which is a guide to determine what safeguarding method(s) should be employed. Case studies of injuries that were caused, at least in part, by various machine safeguarding deficiencies will be presented. Relevant matters that arose during an OSHA National Emphasis Program on Amputations audit at a manufacturing facility will also be discussed.
Metallurgical and Mechanical Failure Analysis of an Aftermarket Flywheel
Authors: Kar Nikhil
Published: January 2021

A failure analysis investigation was performed on the remnants of an aftermarket gray cast iron flywheel that catastrophically fractured during operation in a vehicle after 24 miles of operation. Light microscopy, 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallography, and hardness/tensile testing techniques were utilized to characterize manufacturing quality, mode(s) of failure, microstructural variation, fracture surfaces, and mechanical properties of the failed component. Light microscopy examination of the remnant surfaces showed that the flywheel shattered with signs of radial heat checking fissure cracks. A metallurgical examination of the flywheel showed that it was manufactured from cast gray iron, with evidence of microstructural changes near heat-affected zones from graphite flakes in a ferrite/pearlite matrix to needle and lath formations similar to bainite or martensitic phases. The CT scan slices and fracture surface examination in the SEM showed signs of porosity and dendritic formations along a fracture surface believed to be the crack initiation location. The analysis suggests manufacturing flaws found within the flywheel were a likely contributing factor leading to premature failure during service.
Use of the Repairability Assessment Method for Evaluating Asphalt-Composition Shingle Roof Repairs
Authors: Williams Chad , Kasbeer Amber
Published: January 2021

Each year, wind and hail cause billions of dollars in damage to asphalt shingle roofs of residential and commercial buildings. In some instances, the damage is clearly apparent to justify replacement of the entire roof surface. In other instances, the damage is more difficult to ascertain, leading to divergent opinions on whether the roof should be fully replaced or have more economical, localized repairs conducted. Historically, methods used to evaluate whether localized shingle repairs can be successfully and adequately performed have been done using a variety of approaches that rely on inconsistent and subjective analysis. This paper offers an alternative approach — the Repairability Assessment method. In this approach, the repairability of the roof is determined by evaluating whether repair actions will propagate damage. Evaluators using this method can calculate a damage rate and damage ratio that will provide them with a quantitative and repeatable means to guide their repairability assessment.
Wintertime sub-arctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula
sulphur emissions
Authors: Sipilä Mikko , Sarnela Nina , Neitola Kimmo , Laitinen Totti , Kemppainen Deniz , Beck Lisa , Duplissy Ella-Maria , Kuittinen Salla , Lehmusjärvi Tuuli , Lampilahti Janne , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Aalto Pasi P. , Keronen Petri , Siivola Erkki , Rantala Pekka A. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kulmala Markku , Jokinen Tuija , Petäjä Tuukka
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Metallurgical industry in Kola peninsula, North-West Russia, form a second largest source of air pollution in the Arctic and sub-Arctic domain. Sulphur dioxide emissions from the ore smelters are transported to wide areas including Finnish Lapland. We performed investigations on concentrations of SO2 and aerosol precursor vapours, aerosol and ion cluster size distributions together with chemical composition measurements of freshly formed clusters at SMEAR I station in Finnish Lapland relatively close (~300 km) to Kola peninsula industrial sites during winter 2019–2020. We show that highly concentrated SO2 from smelter emissions is converted to sulphuric acid (H2SO4) with sufficient concentrations to drive new particle formation hundreds of kilometres downwind of the emission sources even with very low solar radiation intensities. Observed new particle formation is primarily initiated by H2SO4 – ammonia (negative-) ion induced nucleation. Particle growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) sizes was concluded to result from sulphuric acid condensation. However, airmass advection had a large role in modifying aerosol size distributions and other growth mechanisms cannot be fully excluded. Our results demonstrate the dominance of SO2 emissions in controlling winter-time aerosol and CCN concentrations in the subarctic region with heavily polluting industry.
Development of a small unmanned aircraft system to derive CO2 emissions of anthropogenic point sources
Authors: Reuter Maximilian , Bovensmann Heinrich , Buchwitz Michael , Borchardt Jakob , Krautwurst Sven , Gerilowski Konstantin , Lindauer Matthias , Kubistin Dagmar , Burrows John P.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A reduction of the anthropogenic emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide) is necessary to stop or slow down man-made climate change.
To verify mitigation strategies, a global monitoring system such as the envisaged European Copernicus anthropogenic CO2 monitoring mission (CO2M) is required.
Those satellite data are going to be complemented and validated with airborne measurements.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based measurements can provide a cost-effective way to contribute to these activities.
Here, we present the development of an sUAS (small unmanned aircraft system) to quantify the CO2 emissions of a nearby point source from its downwind mass flux without the need for any ancillary data.
Specifically, CO2 is measured by an NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) detector, and the wind speed and direction are measured with a 2-D ultrasonic acoustic resonance anemometer.
By means of laboratory measurements and an in-flight validation at the ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System) atmospheric station Steinkimmen (STE) near Bremen, Germany, we estimate that the individual CO2 measurements have a precision of 3 ppm and that CO2 enhancements can be determined with an accuracy of 1.3 % or 0.9 ppm, whichever is larger.
We introduce an anemometer calibration method to minimize the effect of rotor downwash on the wind measurements.
This method derives the fit parameters of a linear calibration model accounting for scaling, rotation, and a potential constant bias.
For this purpose, it analyzes wind measurements taken while following a suitable flight pattern and assuming stationary wind conditions.
From the calibration and validation experiments, we estimate the single measurement precision of the horizontal wind speed to be 0.40 m s−1 and the accuracy to be 0.33 m s−1.
By means of two flights downwind of the ExxonMobil natural gas processing facility in Großenkneten about 40 km west of Bremen, Germany, we demonstrate how the measurements of elevated CO2 concentrations can be used to infer mass fluxes of atmospheric CO2 related to the emissions of the facility.
Spatial and temporal variability of pCO2 and CO2 emissions from the Dongjiang River in South China
Authors: Liu Boyi , Tian Mingyang , Shih Kaimin , Chan Chun Ngai , Yang Xiankun , Ran Lishan
Published: January 2021

Abstract. CO2 efflux at the water–air interface is an essential component of the riverine carbon cycle. However, the lack of spatially resolved CO2 emission measurement still hinges the accuracy of estimates on global riverine CO2 emissions. By deploying floating chambers, seasonal changes in river water CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and CO2 evasion from the Dongjiang River in South China were investigated. Lateral soil CO2 input and dilution effect caused by precipitation played critical roles in controlling riverine pCO2 in small rivers, while the decomposition of allochthonous organic carbon is responsible for pCO2 variability in large rivers. Temperature-normalized gas transfer velocity (k600) in small rivers were 8.29 ± 11.29 m d−1 and 4.90 ± 3.82 m d−1 for the wet season and dry season, respectively, which were nearly 70 % higher than that of large rivers (3.90 ± 5.55 m d−1 during the wet season and 2.25 ± 1.61 m d−1 during the dry season). A significant correlation was observed between k600 and flow velocity but not wind speed regardless of river size. Majority of the surveyed rivers were net CO2 source, exhibiting substantial seasonal variations. The mean CO2 flux was 300.1 and 264.2 mmol m−2 d−1 during wet season for large and small rivers, respectively, 2-fold larger than that during dry season. The absence of commonly observed higher CO2 fluxes in small rivers could be associated with the depletion effect caused by abundant and consistent precipitation in this subtropical monsoon catchment.
Single point positioning with vertical total electron content estimation based on single-epoch data
Authors: Fischer Artur , Cellmer Sławomir , Nowel Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This paper proposes a new mathematical method of
ionospheric delay estimation in single point positioning (SPP) using a
single-frequency receiver. The proposed approach focuses on the Δ vertical total electron content (VTEC) component estimation (MSPPwithdVTEC) with the assumption of an initial
and constant value equal to 5 TECU in any observed epoch. The principal purpose
of the study is to examine the reliability of this approach to become
independent from the external data in the ionospheric correction calculation
process. To verify the MSPPwithdVTEC, the SPP with the Klobuchar algorithm
was employed as a reference model, utilizing the coefficients from the
navigation message. Moreover, to specify the level of precision of the
MSPPwithdVTEC, the SPP with the International Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) TEC map was adopted for comparison as
the high-quality product in the ionospheric delay determination. To perform
the computational tests, real code data were involved from three different
localizations in Scandinavia using two parallel days. The criterion was the
ionospheric changes depending on geodetic latitude. Referring to the
Klobuchar model, the MSPPwithdVTEC obtained a significant improvement of
15 %–25 % in the final SPP solutions. For the SPP approach employing the IGS
TEC map and for the MSPPwithdVTEC, the difference in error reduction was not
significant, and it did not exceed 1.0 % for the IGS TEC map. Therefore,
the MSPPwithdVTEC can be assessed as an accurate SPP method based on error
reduction value, close to the SPP approach with the IGS TEC map. The main
advantage of the proposed approach is that it does not need external data.
Estimating subpixel turbulent heat flux over leads from MODIS
thermal infrared imagery with deep learning
Authors: Yin Zhixiang , Li Xiaodong , Ge Yong , Shang Cheng , Li Xinyan , Du Yun , Ling Feng
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Turbulent heat flux (THF) over leads is an important variable used for monitoring climate change in the Arctic. Presently, THF over leads is often calculated from satellite imagery. The accuracy of the estimated THF is low for mixed pixels that consist of ice and leads, because the mixed pixels along lead boundaries will lower the accuracy of the surface temperature measured over leads and the corresponding lead map. To address this problem, a deep residual convolutional neural network (CNN)-based framework is proposed to estimate THF over leads at the subpixel scale (DeepSTHF) with remotely sensed imagery. The DeepSTHF allows the production of a sea surface temperature (SST) image and a corresponding lead map with a finer spatial resolution than the input SST image using two CNNs, so that the subpixel scale THF can be estimated from them. The proposed approach is assessed using simulated and real MODIS imagery and compared against the conventional bicubic interpolation and pixel-based methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-based method can effectively estimate subpixel-scale information from the coarse data and performs well in producing fine spatial resolution SST images and lead maps, thereby allowing researchers to obtain more accurate and reliable THF over leads.
Student Response to a Blended Radiology Course: A Multi-Year Study in Dental Education
Authors: Pacheco-Pereira Camila , Senior Anthea , Sharon Compton Sharon , Vargas-Madriz Luiz Francisco , Marin Luis Fernando , Watson Ellen
Published: January 2021

Universities around the world are increasingly moving towards blended learning models to engage their 21st century learners (Alammary et al., 2014; Brenard et al., 2014; Tandoh et al., 2014). However, students’ engagement and satisfaction with blended learning in dental education remain understudied. To address this gap, this study examines the effects of a blended learning approach on students’ satisfaction and engagement within dental hygiene and dentistry oral radiology courses. Thirty-five students participated in a survey designed to measure two main constructs: student engagement (per Fredericks et al., 2005) and student satisfaction (per Owston et al., 2013) with the addition of one student providing interview data on each of these constructs. It was found that students were generally satisfied (67%) with the blended learning course format with 65% of students expressing a preference for the blended format. This finding was complemented by students’ also expressing that they were emotionally engaged (70% engagement score), cognitively engaged (69% engagement score), and behaviourally engaged (61% engagement score). These findings suggest that blended learning may be of benefit to the engagement and satisfaction of dental students’ learning the interpretation of dental radiographs.
Exploring Student Engagement Factors in a Blended Undergraduate Course
Authors: Edwards Rebecca L. , Davis Sarah K. , Hadwin Allyson F. , Milford Todd M.
Published: January 2021

Student engagement is an important factor in academic performance and comprises four dimensions: behavioural, cognitive, emotional (Fredericks et al., 2004), and agentic (Reeve, 2013). Blended courses provide unique opportunities for instructors to use trace data collected during learning to understand and support student engagement. This mixed-methods case study compared the student engagement of two groups of students with a history of low prior academic achievement. The groups were (a) students who ultimately did well in the course and (b) students who did poorly. Data came from two primary sources: (a) log file data from the course LMS, and (b) trace data derived from authentic learning tasks. Data represented five indicators: (a) behavioural engagement, (b) cognitive engagement, (c) emotions experienced during learning, (d) agency or proactive approaches to studying, and (e) overall academic engagement. Findings indicated students who moved achievement groups showed higher levels of behavioural engagement, cognitive engagement, and agentic or proactive approaches to studying and overall engagement. Additionally, students who remained in the low achievement group showed higher levels of positive deactivating emotions (e.g., relief). Implications for future research on student engagement and designing teaching to increase engagement in blended courses are discussed.
The User Experience Design for Learning (UXDL) Framework: The Undergraduate Student Perspective
Authors: Troop Meagan , White Darcy , Wilson Kristin E. , Zeni Pia
Published: January 2021

The User Experience Design for Learning (UXDL) Honeycomb is an online learning design framework aimed at creating valuable online learning experiences, which some post-secondary institutions have started to use to guide the design of their online courses. While each of the principles are supported by psychological research, this framework has not been directly validated or corroborated by the student experience. The present study aims to address whether the UXDL framework aligns with students’ preferences, beliefs, and behaviours in online learning in a post-secondary context. This research adds to the growing literature on students’ preferences, beliefs, and experiences in online learning, focusing specifically on second-year Canadian undergraduate students at a mid-sized, research-intensive university. Using a three-pronged methodological approach, we explore not only students’ implicit beliefs (via open-ended surveys, N = 805), but also their experiences (in-depth interviews, N = 36), and impressions and behaviours while working in an online course (two user experience sessions, N = 36). Our qualitative analyses of these data reveal 4 prominent themes in online design that students find particularly valuable: (a) Accessible: flexible; (b) Useful: modes of design and delivery, (c) Intuitive: usable and findable, and (d) Desirable: affective design and humanizing learning.
Participation is Predictive of Individual, but Not Group, Work in the Context of a Blended General Education Course
Authors: Kim Alice S. N. , Nairn Brian C. , Popovic Celia , Carozza Linda , Balidio Elaine C.
Published: January 2021

Past research on face-to-face instructional delivery demonstrates that students’ participation is positively related to their achievement in a course (Rocca, 2010), and that participation mediates the relation between attendance and achievement (Kim et al., 2019). Given that blended learning is on the rise in higher education (Johnson et al., 2016), it is of growing interest to explore whether this positive association between participation and achievement holds in the context of blended learning. Here we investigated whether students’ participation was (a) predictive of their overall grade in the course and (b) differentially predictive of their grades on three different types of assessments: tests (test and quiz), written assignments (argumentative letter and critical essay), and oral activities (debate). The results of our regression analyses showed that participation grades were predictive of learning achievement in the course with respect to overall grade (R2=0.364; ß=0.365), test grade (R2=0.164; ß==0.327), and written grade (R2=0.212; ß=0.278). Participation was not predictive of oral grades as a whole; however, further analyses showed that students’ participation predicted the individual (vs. group-based) component of the oral grade (R2=0.045; ß=0.113). Thus, our findings demonstrate that students’ participation grades are predictive of their grades on assessments that are independent but not group-based, at least in the context of the blended course investigated in this study.
¿Cómo es que asomó el Caballero de la Triste Figura? En busca de un contexto para las fiestas de 1607 en Pausa
Authors: Paz Rescala Laura Agar
Published: January 2021

Este estudio trata sobre aquellos famosos torneos que se teatralizaron en 1607 en la localidad peruana de Pauza. Están testimoniados en una anónima relación de fiestas descubierta por Rodríguez Marín; pero, el hecho de que se sepa tan poco de la historia virreinal de Pauza ha ocasionado que se conviertan en una suerte de mito, tanto para Pauza, como para el cervantismo, pues, en fecha tan cercana a la primera edición del Quijote, este personaje es representado en las virreinales justas. Mi intento es el de ubicar el hecho en su propia historia local. Para hacerlo, primero, propongo un análisis de las tradiciones festivas que circulaban en el territorio y que pudieron dar pie al quijotesco torneo. Luego, expongo mi propuesta sobre el contexto más inmediato de la fiesta y del manuscrito que la contiene: sobre los grupos de poder que habrían estado por detrás y los intereses que podían haber barajado, para esto resultará esencial un expediente jurídico encontrado en el Cusco.
Manuel Aznar Soler (ed.), La literatura dramática del exilio republicano de 1939 I. Biblioteca del exilio. Sevilla: Editorial Renacimiento, 2018. ISBN: 978-84-17550-57-8. 590 pp.
Authors: García García Noelia
Published: January 2021

Esta reseña trata sobre el segundo volumen de La literatura dramática del exilio republicano de 1939. El objetivo es recoger las principales características de la estructura y el contenido del libro, examinar dónde y para qué surge y estudiar el modo en que se organiza la información.
El estigma de la refundición: Martínez Sierra y su adaptación de la comedia hagiográfica La adúltera penitente
Authors: Rodríguez-Gallego Fernando
Published: January 2021

Una de las primeras obras que Gregorio Martínez Sierra puso en escena en el teatro Eslava fue La adúltera penitente, comedia hagiográfica escrita en colaboración por Juan de Matos Fragoso, Jerónimo de Cáncer y Agustín Moreto. La obra, que dramatiza la leyenda de santa Teodora de Alejandría, tal vez atrajese la atención de María Martínez Sierra por su ambiente conventual y la abnegación de la santa. Antes de su estreno, Gregorio pronunció una conferencia en la que exalta los valores de libertad del teatro áureo frente a la tiranía de la verosimilitud del contemporáneo. Por ello, en su adaptación se propone respetar estos valores y escapar del principio de refundición, que encorsetaba las obras áureas en las convenciones del teatro de entonces. En este artículo se estudia cómo la adaptación, sin embargo, es incapaz de respetar la libertad escénica del original, e incurre también en el principio de refundición que se pretendía evitar.
Miguel F. Gil Palacios (ed.), Generación Romero Esteo, Recherches. Culture et histoire dans l’espace roman, 22. Estrasburgo: Universidad de Estrasburgo, 2019. ISSN: 1968035X. 196 pp.
Authors: Serrano Aguilar María
Published: January 2021

Reseña de Miguel F. Gil Palacios (ed.) (2019), Generación Romero Esteo, monográfico de Recherches. Culture et histoire dans l’espace roman, 22, Estrasburgo, Universidad de Estrasburgo.
G. Laín Corona y R. Santiago Nogales (eds.), Teatro, (auto)biografía y autoficción (2000-2018). En homenaje al profesor José Romera Castillo. Madrid: Visor Libros, 2019. ISBN: 978-84-9895-210-0. 904 pp.
Authors: Martín Lago Zoe
Published: January 2021

Reseña del volumen Teatro, (auto)biografía y autoficción (2000-2018). En homenaje al profesor José Romera Castillo. G. Laín Corona y R. Santiago Nogales (eds.) Madrid: Visor Libros, 2019.
Carbon sequestration and its impact on rice farming economic value: The quasi-experiment
Authors: Najmulmunir Nandang , Danapriatna Nana , Purwoko Dwi , Maman Ujang
Published: January 2021

The increasing level of the number of carbon dioxide will raise temperature on the earth and causes global climate changes. Paris agreement has responded global warming by doing mitigation, and Indonesian Government has ratified the suggestion. This research aims to determine the rice cultivation technology system which effectively could absorb the carbon dioxide into the form of biomass and C-organic in the earth. Applying the quasi-experiment by three types of technological systems – and it was conducted in farming area of Sukakarya District, Bekasi Regency, Indonesia – the research proved the T2 (IPAT-TS planting system) – in which it applies a minimum spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm and a maximum of 50 cm × 50 cm, in aerobic soil conditions – yields the highest number of biomass straw, C-Organic, and harvest dry grain and economically gives the highest profit margin. Therefore, the research recommends the adoption of T2 as mass common farming practice especially in entisolic soil types.
Management of Academic Advising in Higher Educational Institutions during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abumalloh Rabab Ali , Alghamdi Azzah Ibrahim , Azzam Nedaa , Abdulraheem Abeer Rafi’i Al
Published: January 2021

COVID -19 pandemic has a huge global impact on education over the world. Many countries decided to close universities, colleges, and schools to limit the spread of this disease. Almost 91% of students worldwide have shifted to online education. Educational institutions have struggled to provide their students with suitable online learning and assessment tools. As a new experience for both teachers and students, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University has set new online academic services to make it possible and easy for students to get the help they need and to overcome the new obstacles they are facing. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of student satisfaction with their academic advising in light of the new emerging situation. Additionally, direc-tions were presented for the academic advising section members to allow them to manage the unit appropriately. To achieve that, students were clustered regarding their level of satisfaction with the provided services. Students’ answers were collected through an online questionnaire and the data were analyzed and segmented using the k-mean clustering technique. Regarding results, recommendations for improvements were suggested and action plans were prepared.
The impact of strategic agility on employees’ performance in commercial banks in Jordan
Authors: Halalmeh Mohammad Izzat Al
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine strategic agility impact on employees’ performance in commercial banks in Jordan. A self-administrated questionnaire was developed according to research objective and hypotheses. The research population consisted of all managerial employees in Jordanian commercial banks. A random sample was selected consisting of 250 staff members who have senior administrative and supervisory positions in the commercial banks. Statistical techniques were used to test the research hypotheses. The research concluded a set of outcomes, the most important is strategic agility with its dimensions have an impact on employee performance in the commercial banks in Jordan. The research also concluded that strategic agility dimensions (strategic sensitivity, core capabilities, clarity of vision, strategic goals information technology selection, and share responsibility) influence on employee's performance in commercial banks in Jordan. The study recommended that commercial banks in Jordan have to adopt strategic agility approach to improve their employee's performance. The commercial banks must exert their best efforts to rapidly adapt to surrounding environmental variables. Commercial banks have to pay attention to human capital, which plays a major role in achieving good performance.
The role of knowledge sharing, trust as mediation on servant leadership and job performance
Authors: Kadarusman Kadarusman , Bunyamin Bunyamin
Published: January 2021

This study analyzes the effect of servant leadership on job performance with, trust and knowledge sharing as mediating variables. The research is classified in the quantitative analysis used to test the significance between latent variables. The study sample includes 164 of the STIE Malangkucecwara postgraduate program alumni from 2010 to 2019. Data are collected through an online questionnaire and the SmartPls processes the results. The results show that job performance was directly affected by servant leadership. Trust and knowledge sharing are proven as variables that mediate the influence between servant leadership and job performance with the nature of full mediation. Serving leadership tends to increase employee trust in leaders and organizations and stimulates a culture of sharing knowledge to increase employee job performance. The results can be a basis for further studies in the field of management, especially those related to servant leadership, and as material for practical understanding for leaders in various areas of the organization.
Engaging employees through compensation fairness, job Involvement, organizational commitment: The roles of employee spirituality
Authors: Sudiro Achmad , Adi Agung Nugroho , Fakhri R. Moh. Ikmal
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to investigate the role of Employee Spirituality to moderate between Compensation fairness and Employee Engagement, Job involvement and Employee Engagement, organizational commitment, and employee engagement. In this survey, 279 respondents were collected with a 75 percent response rate (139 respondents) from May to July 2020 and a 93.3 percent rate (140 questionnaires) from August until September 2020. Validity used Confirmatory Factor Analysis used KMO and Bartlett’s test, and the reliability test was based on Cronbach-Alpha. Moreover, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used for normality test, Park test is implemented for Heteroscedasticity and Multicollinearity test. Moderator Regression Analysis is used to identify the moderator types. The results indicate that Employee Spirituality fully moderated (Pure moderator) between Compensation fairness and Employee Engagement and between Organizational Commitment and Employee Engagement. Moreover, Employee Spirituality partially moderated between Job Involvement and Employee Engagement. The research suggests to implement the model in a narrow scope and considers many variables outside the Compensation fairness, Job Involvement, and Organizational Commitment.
Why do internal control systems fail in large corporations?
Authors: Palacios-Chacon Lorena A. , Lopera-Lopez Natalia
Published: January 2021

The case examines the events that Gonzalo Jiménez faced in 2018 when he was working as an internal risk control auditor at HBLU Business & Consulting, a prestigious multinational accounting and financial consulting services firm based in Ecuador. He had noted significant changes in the financial statements over the previous three years and his preliminary investigation pointed to the possibility that the CFO was manipulating the numbers to increase his results-based bonus and at the same time actually misappropriating funds. In eight weeks, the semiannual Global Audit team would be arriving from London, and if these irregularities were detected, Gonzalo could lose his job.
Grupo SMU: su compleja reestructuración corporativa
Authors: Sanchez Francisco Esteban , Torres Juan Pablo , Parra María Francesca , Pavlov de la Fuente Slavna
Published: January 2021

El presente caso relata el proceso de reestructuración corporativa del Grupo SMU, ligado a la industria chilena de supermercados minoristas, detonado por una situación interna provocada por ineficiencias operativas posteriores a un agresivo proceso de adquisiciones ocurrido entre los años 2007 y 2012. Esta problemática la experimentó el Grupo SMU, quien a través de una política de “Buy and Build” se convirtió en el tercer actor de la industria de supermercados en Chile a finales del año 2012. Si bien esta estrategia le permitió afianzar la posición competitiva del conglomerado, causó un crecimiento inorgánico que ocultó las diferencias en el desempeño operacional de las diferentes cadenas y no permitió el aprovechamiento de sinergias propias en el proceso de consolidación de un holding. Por ello, a mediados del año 2013, la falta de definición en la estrategia competitiva de SMU tuvo como consecuencia un fuerte debilitamiento en su posición financiera debido al significativo endeudamiento que se utilizaba para financiar las adquisiciones, así como por la insuficiente generación de flujos de caja.

Por otro lado, comparado con los dos principales actores de la industria, SMU mostraba menores niveles de rentabilidad y de ventas por metro cuadrado. Así, para hacer frente a la crisis, SMU implementó un plan estratégico trianual (2014-2016) sobre el fortalecimiento de tres pilares fundamentales: financiero, operacional y comercial, cuya meta era devolver la viabilidad financiera al conglomerado a finales del año 2016. Tras la implementación de dicho plan, SMU logró una mejora a nivel operacional y comercial. Sin embargo, en los primeros meses de 2017 las Clasificadoras de Riesgo aún tenían dudas sobre el desempeño futuro de SMU y su capacidad de gestión de la crisis. Por ello, Álvaro Saieh, quien se desempeñaba en ese momento como presidente del Directorio de la empresa, tenía diversas interrogantes relacionadas principalmente a si: ¿Fue exitoso el plan de reestructuración operacional y estratégico que llevó a cabo SMU en los últimos tres años? ¿Cuáles serían las variables críticas para asegurar la sostenibilidad de la compañía y su crecimiento en los próximos años? ¿Volveré a ser cuestionado como en 2013? Finalmente, ¿qué posibilidades tengo para crear valor corporativo en el futuro?
Casa Museo Julio Cortázar; un ejemplar de la arquitectura del siglo XX en el antiguo centro histórico de la ciudad de Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Baltodano Mendoza María Fernanda , Torres Agüero Isayana José , López Irías Néstor Saúl
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la antigua vivienda Mantica Abauza, inmueble que hoy día se conoce como Casa Museo Julio Cortázar, un ejemplar representativo de la arquitectura habitacional del Siglo XX, así como su influencia estilística y su permanencia en el antiguo centro histórico de la ciudad de Managua. Conocer los principales acontecimientos que han marcado a este inmueble a lo largo de sus años edificado. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre su estado actual de conservación, haciendo un levantamiento minucioso de las principales alteraciones y deterioros que le presenta en la actualidad, producto de la falta de mantenimiento y el abandono al que ha estado sometido las últimas décadas.
Characterization of community-based donation of personal protective equipment to an academic health center during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Farah Ronda S. , Pathoulas James T. , Rubin Nathan , Hursin Lisa M. , Wyman Molly A. , Farah Ronda S.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) early in the pandemic. Healthcare systems asked for public donations of PPE and established community drop-off sites. Herein, we aim to profile community PPE donors at one large academic medical center including evaluation of donor industry, public messaging, and psychosocial aspects of donation.Methods: A survey was created and distributed to donors at two urban PPE drop-off sites between March and April 2020. Targeted donors and drop-off sites were located in the Twin Cities metropolitan area (approximate population of 3.5 million people).Results: A total of 486 surveys were completed. Nearly half (47.3%) of PPE donated was initially intended for personal use. Donors primarily learned of PPE collection efforts through word of mouth (23.2%) and social media (22.7%). The most frequently reported barrier to donation included distance between donors and drop off sites or location (27.8%). Donors rated the severity of the PPE shortage in the state as a 7.8 ± 1.7 out of 10. There was a slight correlation between donors assessment of COVID-19 severity and feeling that their donation was a meaningful contribution against COVID-19 (r = 0.21, p = .00).Conclusions: Future community collection campaigns during widespread disasters should prioritize mobilizing privately held goods from individuals rather than small businesses. Public messaging around donation should utilize simple narratives that are easily shareable via social media and evoke donation as a means of building community.
Impact of National Competitiveness on Economic Growth and Income Level – Evidence From the Selected Post-Soviet Countries
Authors: Sodikov Aziz , Rizaev Zuhriddin , Chin Lee , Ochilova Shahnoza
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the impact of national competitiveness on productivity, economic growth and income per capita in the selected post-Soviet countries between 2004 and 2018. In this paper, 2019 edition of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), which is composed of 12 pillars such as namely institutions, infrastructure, ICT adoption, macroeconomic stability, health, skills, product market, labour market, financial system, market size, business dynamism and innovation capability, is used as a proxy for the national competitiveness and productivity for the empirical analysis purposes. The findings reveal that: (1) the GCI is highly correlated with productivity level and the selected post-Soviet countries with higher level of national competitiveness had higher long-term economic growth and income per capita, (2) Russia and Kazakhstan more benefited from rising per capita income associated with enhanced national competitiveness (or productivity growth) compared to other selected former Soviet states, (3) among the GCI factors, ICT adoption, macroeconomic stability, market size and healthy life expectancy were major levers of productivity growth that influenced the national competitiveness, positively and significantly contributing to an increase in the income level in the selected post-Soviet countries in 2004-2018 period.
Implications of Non –productive and Productive Government Expenditure on Output and Employment: Evidence From Nigeria
Authors: Asaleye Abiola John , Maimako Rotdelmwa Filibus , Inegbedion Henry , Lawal Adedoyin Isola , Aremu Charity O.
Published: January 2021

Nigerian government expenditure has been on an increasing trend over the years, and its contribution to sustainable economic development; promoting long-term output and employment has generated controversial issues in the literature. Against this background, this study analyses the impact of both productive and non-productive government expenditure on output and employment in Nigeria using the Vector Error Correction Model, The long-run equations for output and employment are established. The joint short and long-run causality was also investigated. The study shows a contrary result to theoretical predictions; Nigeria's long-run growth is not promoting by productive government expenditure. Furthermore, there is joint short and long-run causality between employment and government expenditure channels. Evidence from the output equation indicates no joint long and short-run causality. The implication of this result shows that government expenditure either productive or non-productive, has not improved the economy, although there is an increase in employment generation through the non-productive channel, which has not promoted broad-based growth. For the Nigerian government to improve the situation, the study recommends a critical assessment of public expenditure through the cost-benefit approach.
Determinants of the Commercial Bank’s Efficiency in ASEAN
Authors: Anto Randi , Pangestuti Irene Rini Demi , Wahyudi Sugeng , Purwandari Eriesta Novia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of capitalization, bank size, bank age, and loan to asset ratio (LAR) to bank efficiency in ASEAN-5 countries (Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines). Net interest margin (NIM) and non-net interest income (Non-NIM) were used as control variables. There was a total of 58 banks used as a sample using a purposive sampling technique. There were two stages of the analytical method used: data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach – to provide estimates of bank efficiency, and multiple regression linear – consists of the statistical F-test and t-test, coefficient of determination (R2) test and the classic assumption test. The results show that capitalization and bank age affect bank efficiency negatively, while bank size and LAR affect bank efficiency positively. The banks are suggested to consider optimizing their capital to continue to operate efficiently, increase their assets to be more efficient, the older banks are expected to be able to adjust to technological developments, and the banks are also expected to increase the amount of credit by monitoring its quality to be efficient.
A study of the earthquake resistance of domestic break pressure tanks
Authors: Blackwell F. N.
Published: January 2021

The paper reports on a series of dynamic tests on possible restraint systems for domestic break pressure tanks and recommends the use of wire guys if bracket supports cannot be rigidly attached to the tank walls.
On the road: customer motivation and non-petrol purchases of petrol station customers in Poland
Authors: Lewicki Marcin , Zawadzki Tomasz
Published: January 2021

The fact that a lot of people in Poland travel by car creates a lot of different business opportunities for the retail sector. Petrol stations are among various entities that attempt to take advantage of this situation. The main purpose of this article is to identify and assess the behaviour of petrol station customers in Poland regarding their motivations for choosing particular facilities and their non-fuel purchases.The study is based on results of a CAWI survey of 603 customers. To make sure that sample was representative, its composition was controlled in terms of the following respondent variables: sex, age, size of the town of residence and province. Consumer behaviour can be affected by a number of factors but only some of them could be addressed in the study, which can be regarded as one of its biggest limitations. Nevertheless, the results provide an interesting insight on this topic. The main contributions of the study include the creation of a typology of petrol stations, identification and assessment of consumer motives for selecting a given facility and information about non-fuel purchases made by customers. The most frequent motives for selecting a given petrol station include convenient location, brand, and the price of petrol and other products. In addition to fuel, customers usually stop to buy coffee and fast food, alcoholic beverages and basic groceries. The authors discuss statistically significant differences between different types of petrol stations in the above mentioned respects. The results of the survey can be of interest to owners of petrol stations as guidance on how to adjust their marketing strategies, especially in terms of the composition of their offering.
A change project to promote conflict resolution in order to ensure sustainable development in Africa
Authors: Zongo Harouna
Published: January 2021

The article describes the idea of a change project (a new course) in higher education. The aim of the change project is to promote traditional conflict resolution mechanisms and strategies in order to ensure sustainable development in Africa. The new program will combine the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and various conflict resolution scenarios by applying the technique of design thinking. The program will involve discussions about types of conflicts in Africa, the real causes of these conflicts, mechanisms for peaceful conflict resolution (with special emphasis on the rakiré and the palaver tree) and design thinking. The author intends to implement the program at the Faculty of International Relations of the Ivan Franco National University in Lviv.
Statistics regarding music education in Poland in the interwar period
Authors: Domagała Jarosław
Published: January 2021

Statistical issues regarding music education in the 2nd Republic of Poland have not been discussed thoroughly so far. This article attempts to do so. The source material comprises statistical data from the Ministry of Art and Culture, the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education, as well as articles published in music literature of the interwar period. Presented statistics cover music schools, solo singing schools, schools for organists, schools of eurhythmics and art dance, as well as drama schools. Music was taught in all the aforementioned institutions, therefore reports treated all these schools en bloc. Existing sources enumerate schools, their managerial staff and the establishments’ addresses. Preserved statistical data also enabled a more detailed analysis, such as, for instance, recognition of pupils’ preferences as regards their choice of instruments, as well as music education accessibility in various parts of the country. The preserved statistical source material is probably incomplete, does not show a full picture of the then music education. It presents, however, with great accuracy, the figures regarding this type of education. Statistical information was collected truly meticulously by the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education, particularly in the late 1920s and in the 1930s. Along with primary and secondary education, music education became an important element of the overall education system in the interwar period.
Emisja głosu w przestrzeni edukacyjnej, artystycznej i terapeutycznej (recenzja książki)
Authors: Kuncewicz Wiktoria
Published: January 2021

Emisja głosu w przestrzeni edukacyjnej, artystycznej i terapeutycznej
redakcja naukowa Lidia Kataryńczuk-Mania
Wydział Pedagogiki, Psychologii i Socjologii Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
Zielona Góra 2020
s. 324, ISBN: 978-83-945714-5-0
Uma vida dedicada ao combate do racismo na Amazônia: entrevista com Zélia Amador de Deus, por ocasião de seus 70 anos
Authors: Monteiro Alef
Published: January 2021

Em 2019, Zélia Amador de Deus completou 70 anos de vida. E, no mês de abril desse mesmo ano, encontramo-nos na sala do Grupo de Estudos Afro-Amazônico da Universidade Federal do Pará, afim de conversar sobre sua trajetória pessoal e acadêmica. Isto posto, apresento aqui uma síntese de nosso diálogo. Meu objetivo é apresentar flashs da biografia de Zélia, à luz de sua própria memória, e revelar algumas avaliações e perspectivas da intelectual tanto sobre o Movimento Negro, quanto sobre os estudos acerca das populações afroamazônicas na atualidade. O método utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Ao final da entrevista, concluo que a vida e o pensamento de Zélia são singulares para a defesa dos direitos das populações negras no Norte do Brasil, ao mesmo tempo que embasam a construção de uma identidade afroamazônica nos espaços acadêmicos e de militância política.
Ambiente e memórias acerca da caça em áreas protegidas da Floresta Atlântica
Authors: Barbosa José Aécio Alves , Alves Brygida Carolyne Freire , Aguiar José Otávio
Published: January 2021

Problemas ambientais diversos têm acompanhado várias sociedades, e seus efeitos têm influenciado uma série de estudos que visam compreender as consequências das ações humanas sobre o meio natural e as implicações das mudanças ambientais sobre a vida. A interação humanidade/fauna é uma das mais antigas formas de aproveitamento da biodiversidade e, muitas vezes, implica em problemas ambientais. Por outro lado, estratégias conservacionistas que impedem o acesso à natureza suscitam conflitos que limitam suas ações, gerando críticas a esse modelo. Em virtude da recorrência do cenário de conflitos entre órgãos de proteção ambiental e usuários dos recursos faunísticos, este trabalho analisa a perspectiva de diferentes atores envolvidos na problemática do uso ilegal de animais silvestres em Unidades de Conservação na Floresta Atlântica do estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, objetivando resgatar traços da história e dinâmica cinegética local via relato oral, narrativas de vida e registro documental.