bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction, Chemical Characterization, In Vitro Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Activity of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Meal
Authors: Hussain Saira , Rehman Ata Ur , Obied Hassan K. , Luckett David J. , Blanchard Christopher L.
Published: January 2022

Canola (Brassica napus L.) meal is a by-product after oil extraction from canola seed and is of relatively low value. This meal may have additional value in the biotechnology, food, and pharmaceutical industries if health-promoting useful bioactive compounds can be identified. Hence, seven canola meal extracts (CMEs) were generated using different organic solvents for two genotypes. HPLC and LCMS analyses were employed for the determination of the phenolic and antioxidant activity of meal extracts, including recovery of major biological compounds. When comparing genotype-1 with genotype-2, the latter had higher antioxidant activity in acetone extract (AE). This study also indicated seven major glucosinolates in CMEs in which water (WE) appeared to be the best solvent for the recovery of glucosinolates. Higher quantities of phenolic, glucosinolate, and antioxidant were present in genotype-2 compared with genotype-1. Using HPLC-DAD and LC-MS analysis 47 compounds were detected. We could identify 32 compounds in canola meal extracts: nine glucosinolates and twenty-three phenolic derivatives. Phenolic compounds in canola meal were conjugates and derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapic, ferulic, and caffeic acids). Among phenolics, kaempherol as conjugate with sinapic acid was found; sinapine and trans-sinapic acid were the most abundant, as well as major contributors to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of canola meal extracts. Some samples exhibited mild to moderate in-vitro antidiabetic activity in a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV inhibition assay.
Observed Changes in Meteorological Drought Events during 1981–2020 over Rwanda, East Africa
Authors: Uwimbabazi Jacqueline , Jing Yuanshu , Iyakaremye Vedaste , Ullah Irfan , Ayugi Brian
Published: January 2022

Drought is one of the most complex natural phenomena affecting the life and livelihood of people, especially in the current time of human-induced climate change. This research employs ground-based observations to assess the recent spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological drought events over Rwanda. The drought is examined based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at seasonal and annual time scales from 1981 to 2020. The Man–Kendal test was used to evaluate the trends in rainfall, temperature, and SPEI values at the annual scale and during the March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND) seasons. The analysis revealed nonsignificant trends in annual (8.4 mm/decade), MAM (−3.4 mm/decade), and OND (4.5 mm/decade) rainfall, while an apparent significant increasing trend in surface air temperature was obtained during the MAM (0.19 °C/decade), OND (0.2 °C/decade), and annual (0.23 °C/decade) time slices. Overall, the SPEI characteristics indicated that the country is more prone to moderate drought events than severe and extreme drought events during MAM and OND seasons. However, the intensity, duration, and frequency differ spatially among seasons. The findings of this study inform policy and decision-makers on the past experienced drought behavior, which can serve as a baseline for future drought mitigation and adaptation plans.
Teaching Evolution: The Use of Social Networking Sites
Authors: Chang Chia-Ming , Hsieh Huey-Hong , Liao Li-An , Huang Hsiu-Chin , Lin Bo-Chen
Published: January 2022

Online schooling has been adopted worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During quarantine, people go online for all kind of purposes, especially for amusement such as via social networking sites (SNSs). This study examined university physical education (PE) students’ SNSs usage intention using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model II (UTAUT2) in Taiwan. Research respondents were selected from PE departments of 19 universities through purposive sampling method. A total of 707 questionnaires were collected, with a returning rate of 93%. Using Warp PLS 7.0 as the main instrument for data analysis, this research finds that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit within the UTAUT2 model have significant positive effects on students’ intention to use social networking sites, and the model explains 63.4% of the variance in their intention to use SNSs. Among those variables, hedonic motivation had the highest impact (β = 0.24). Moreover, intention, facilitating conditions and habit have significant positive effects on students’ use of social networking sites, and the model explains 13.4% of the variance in their use of social networking sites. The moderating effects of gender, age and experience are found in some path analyses. These findings provide future university instructors a with better understanding of students using SNSs. We thus recommend for university PE instructors to create interesting and pleasant classroom learning experiences to attract students’ attention, and recommend that they may even manage a SNS as an aid for teaching to enhance students’ interests in learning.
Urban Renewal, Governance and Sustainable Development: More of the Same or New Paths?
Authors: Elander Ingemar
Published: January 2022

Humanity seems to have been thrown into a ‘perfect storm’ of several huge challenges such as global warming, accelerating extinction of species, the corona pandemic and uncontrollable migration streams caused by fossil fuel emissions, overexploitation of natural resources, extreme weather, viruses, and ethnic and religious conflicts [...]
To See, or Not to See, That Is the Question: Studying Dutch Experimentalist Energy Transition Governance through an Evolutionary Lens
Authors: Gerritsen Martijn , Kooij Henk-Jan , Groenleer Martijn , van der Krabben Erwin
Published: January 2022

Experimentalist forms of governance have burgeoned across policy areas and institutional contexts in recent years. Recognizing that experimentalist forms of governance can evolve along a plethora of distinct pathways, this paper inquires how the evolutionary nature of experimentalism can be explored in greater depth. Linking the framework of experimentalist governance to that of Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT), the paper identifies three driving mechanisms of contingency in experimentalism: governance being (1) self-referential, (2) rooted in observation, and (3) steered by dependencies. The paper then refers to recent efforts in the realm of energy transition governance in the Netherlands to illustrate how these contingency mechanisms can help to interrogate the variegated evolutionary pathways that experimentalist governance may have in practice. Building on this Dutch empirical context, the paper puts forward evolutionary path- and context-mapping as a fruitful tool for identifying and disentangling the myriad of pathways along which experimentalism may manifest itself.
Theory and Experiment of Cooperative Control at Multi-Intersections in Intelligent Connected Vehicle Environment: Review and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Linan , Wang Yizhe , Zhu Huaizhong
Published: January 2022

A heterogeneous traffic flow consists of regular vehicles, and intelligent connected vehicles having interactive functions is updating the composition of the current urban-road network traffic flow. It has been a growing trend and will continue to be so. Because of the urgent demand, the research focused on three main parts of cooperative control methods under intelligent connected vehicles environment, typical traffic control application scenarios and experimental validation in intelligent connected vehicles conditions, and intersection-oriented hybrid traffic control mechanism for urban road. For heterogeneous interrupted traffic flow of intelligent connected vehicles, to analyze the characteristics and information extraction method of heterogeneous traffic flow of intelligent connected vehicles under different conditions, the research examined driving modes of regular vehicles and intelligent connected vehicles, including car following and lane changing. This study summarized control modes of traffic-signal control, active control of intelligent connected vehicles, and indirect control of regular vehicles through intelligent vehicles to study the active control mechanism and multi-intersection coordinated control strategy for intelligent connected vehicle heterogeneous traffic flow. With the combination of coordinated control theory, this work overviewed integrated experiment of information interaction and coordinated control under intelligent-connected-vehicle heterogeneous traffic-flow environments.
Paving a Way towards Food Democratisation: Mechanisms in Contentious Niche Development
Authors: Holtkamp Carolin , van Mierlo Trix
Published: January 2022

Transition scholars have argued that the analysis of the agency of local civil society actors in their political struggle to transform the food system is necessary. In response, we complement the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions with the mechanism-process approach of contentious politics. This framework guides our qualitative analysis of a local movement called “The Way of Mals” in South Tyrol, Italy. This movement aimed to ban pesticides by developing a niche of food democratisation. We investigate how the local movement strategically mobilised citizens to get actively engaged in the local governance of food. We argue that the creation of political opportunities by the movement was crucial for their claim making. Amongst others, they introduced a legally binding local referendum on the ban on chemical–synthetic pesticides. We call this mechanism “paving”. In combination with meaning-making and networking, paving has led to the democratisation of local food governance. We conclude that the agency of local movements is especially reflected in their capacity to readjust in response to suppression efforts of their opponents in the well-established conventional regime. We suggest comparisons with similar cases for future research.
Application Progress of O3/UV Advanced Oxidation Technology in the Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Water
Authors: Lu Hai , Li Qingpo , Feng Weihao
Published: January 2022

Organic pollution is a significant challenge in environmental protection, especially the discharge of refractory organic pollutants in chemical production and domestic use. The biological treatment method of traditional sewage treatment plants cannot degrade such pollutants, which leads to the continuous transfer of these pollutants into the water environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study clean and efficient advanced treatment technologies to degrade organic pollutants. The ozone/UV advanced oxidation process (O3/UV) has attracted extensive attention. This paper summarizes the reaction mechanism of O3/UV and analyzes its application progress in industrial wastewater, trace polluted organic matter and drinking water. The existing research results show that this technology has an excellent performance in the degradation of organic pollutants and has the characteristics of clean and environmental protection. In addition, the control of bromate formation and its economy is evaluated, and its operating characteristics and current application scope are summarized, which has a practical reference value for the follow-up in-depth study of the O3/UV process.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Electricity Planning Models in Egypt: Optimization versus Agent-Based Approaches
Authors: Shaaban Mostafa , Scheffran Jürgen , Elsobki Mohamed Salah , Azadi Hossein
Published: January 2022

A rational assessment of electricity generation technologies constitutes a cornerstone to attain a sustainable and secure electricity plan. The Egyptian government is struggling with the accelerated growth of the national electricity demand through setting up and examining different future electricity scenarios and through the implementation of energy models to secure the provision of affordable and clean energy as part of the United Nations 2030 agenda of achieving the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, conventional techno-economic models still represent for many countries an attractive tool for energy planning. We investigate in this article the added values of applying a dynamic multi-criteria spatial-agent model that covers several sustainability dimensions versus an optimization techno-economic model for future energy planning in Egypt. Moreover, we report on the historical development of electricity supply since 2009 in Egypt. The study reveals predominant advantages of applying the agent-based modeling approach, which simulates the evolution of an energy transition landscape through the interactive and adaptive dynamic decision behavior of different societal groups (agents) in response to changes in the whole system. The study advocates the implementation of a dynamic agent-based bottom-up approach for the planning of a future sustainable electricity mix in Egypt.
Challenges and Opportunities for Circular Economy Promotion in the Building Sector
Authors: Tirado Rafaela , Aublet Adélaïde , Laurenceau Sylvain , Habert Guillaume
Published: January 2022

The accelerated development of cities involves important inflows and outflows of resources. The construction sector is one of the main consumers of raw materials and producers of waste. Due to its quantity and potential for recovery, waste from the construction sector constitutes significant deposits and requires major action by bringing together different stakeholders to achieve the objectives of a circular economy. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the current knowledge of urban metabolism, deposits, and recovery practices. This article aims to investigate the role of local authorities in the planning of strategies to facilitate a circular economy; in particular, this article aims to answer how local authorities facilitate circular economy initiatives in the building sector and what opportunities and obstacles they encounter in the process. The strategy used for the study was to conduct semistructured interviews with those responsible for circular economy projects within local authorities that were pioneering circular economy projects in metropolitan France. The results highlight the importance of community involvement in the implementation of circular economy principles in the building sector. Thus, it is essential to identify the different stakeholders and their respective challenges to build an operational framework.
An Additional Model to Control Risk in Mastering Defense Technology in Indonesia
Authors: Muda Faried Jaendar , Govindaraju Rajesri , Wiratmadja Iwan Inrawan
Published: January 2022

Reverse engineering is widely used to acquire defence technology relatively quickly. However, this process carries the risk of creating uncertainty, leading to significant investments if the process is not controlled. A technology readiness level (TRL) calculator has been used to control the process of technology mastery during forward engineering. This study aims to build an additional model so that TRL can also be used to control risk in the process of mastering technology. It does this by using reverse engineering to help organisations reduce costs. This additional model is presented through a reverse engineering concept based on theory and is tested through a case study of a defence organization in Indonesia. The results of the case study show that the TRL calculator can be used as a reference in mastering technology through reverse engineering.
Superspace BRST/BV Operators of Superfield Gauge Theories
Authors: Buchbinder Ioseph Lvovich , Gates Sylvester James , Koutrolikos Konstantinos
Published: January 2022

We consider the superspace BRST and BV description of 4D,N=1 super-Maxwell theory and its non-abelian generalization Super Yang–Mills. By fermionizing the superspace gauge transformation of the gauge superfields, we define the nilpotent superspace BRST symmetry transformation (𝓈). After introducing an appropriate set of anti-superfields and defining the superspace antibracket, we use it to construct the BV-BRST nilpotent differential operator (s) in terms of superspace covariant derivatives. The anti-superfield independent terms of s provide a superspace generalization of the Koszul–Tate resolution (δ). In the linearized limit, the set of superspace differential operators that appear in s satisfy a nonlinear algebra which can be used to construct a BRST charge Q, without requiring pure spinor variables. Q acts on the Hilbert space of superfield states, and its cohomology generates the expected superspace equations of motion.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Time Course of Biomechanical, Electrophysiological and Neuro-Motor Effects after Botulinum Toxin Injections in Elbow Flexors of Chronic Stroke Survivors with Spastic Hemiplegia: A Cross Sectional Observation Study
Authors: Chen Yen-Ting , Liu Yang , Zhang Chuan , Magat Elaine , Zhou Ping , Zhang Yingchun , Li Sheng
Published: January 2022

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is commonly used to manage focal spasticity in stroke survivors. This study aimed to a perform comprehensive assessment of the effects of BoNT injection. Twelve stroke subjects with spastic hemiplegia (age: 52.0 ± 10.1 year; 5 females) received 100 units of BoNT to the spastic biceps brachii muscles. Clinical, biomechanical, electrophysiological, and neuro-motor assessments were performed one week (wk) before (pre-injection), 3 weeks (wks) after, and 3 months (mons) after BoNT injection. BoNT injection significantly reduced spasticity, muscle strength, reflex torque, and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude of spastic elbow flexors (all p < 0.05) during the 3-wks visit, and these values return to the pre-injection level during the 3-mons visit. Furthermore, the degree of reflex torque change was negatively correlated to the amount of non-reflex component of elbow flexor resistance torque. However, voluntary force control and non-reflex resistance torque remained unchanged throughout. Our results revealed parallel changes in clinical, neurophysiological and biomechanical assessment after BoNT injection; BoNT injection would be more effective if hypertonia was mainly mediated by underlying neural mechanisms. BoNT did not affect voluntary force control of spastic muscles.
Remembering Yury N. Gnedin at the Dawn of X-ray Polarimetry: Predictions of IXPE Observations of Neutron Stars
Authors: Heyl Jeremy
Published: January 2022

NASA’s Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) was launched in December 2021. It is 100 times more sensitive to polarized X-ray emission than any preceding mission and it is opening a new observational window into high-energy astrophysics. I outline Yury N. Gnedin’s many contributions to understanding polarization from neutron stars and present new simulations of observations that IXPE will perform of the X-ray pulsar Hercules X-1 and the magnetar 4U 0141+561 in February 2022. These observations highlight and test particular models that Gnedin and collaborators first proposed. I outline how IXPE will provide unique constraints on the structure and kinematics of the boundary region between the accretion flow and the neutron star surface of Hercules X-1 and how IXPE will verify the predictions of vacuum birefringence for the magnetar 4U 0142+561.
Maternal Death by COVID-19 Associated with Elevated Troponin T Levels
Authors: Torres-Torres Johnatan , Martinez-Portilla Raigam Jafet , Espino y Sosa Salvador , Solis-Paredes Juan Mario , Hernández-Pacheco Jose Antonio , Mateu-Rogell Paloma , Cravioto-Sapien Anette , Zamora-Madrazo Adolfo , Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe , Nares-Torices Miguel Angel , Becerra-Navarro Norma Patricia , Medina-Jimenez Virginia , Villafan-Bernal Jose Rafael , Rojas-Zepeda Lourdes , Loya-Diaz Diana Hipolita , Casillas-Barrera Manuel
Published: January 2022

Cardiomyocyte injury and troponin T elevation has been reported within COVID-19 patients and are associated with a worse prognosis. Limited data report this association among COVID-19 pregnant patients. Objective: We aimed to analyze the association between troponin T levels in severe COVID-19 pregnant women and risk of viral sepsis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or maternal death. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort of all obstetrics emergency admissions from a Mexican National Institute. All pregnant women diagnosed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 infection between October 2020 and May 2021 were included. Clinical data were collected, and routine blood samples were obtained at hospital admission. Seric troponin T was measured at admission. Results: From 87 included patients, 31 (35.63%) had severe COVID-19 pneumonia, and 6 (6.89%) maternal deaths. ROC showed a significant relationship between troponin T and maternal death (AUC 0.979, CI 0.500–1.000). At a cutoff point of 7 ng/mL the detection rate for severe pneumonia was 83.3% (95%CI: 0.500–0.100) at 10% false-positive rate. Conclusion: COVID-19 pregnant women with elevated levels of troponin T present a higher risk of death and severe pneumonia.
The Human Virome: Viral Metagenomics, Relations with Human Diseases, and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Bai Geng-Hao , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Chen Shih-Yen
Published: January 2022

The human body is colonized by a wide range of microorganisms. The field of viromics has expanded since the first reports on the detection of viruses via metagenomic sequencing in 2002. With the continued development of reference materials and databases, viral metagenomic approaches have been used to explore known components of the virome and discover new viruses from various types of samples. The virome has attracted substantial interest since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Increasing numbers of studies and review articles have documented the diverse virome in various sites in the human body, as well as interactions between the human host and the virome with regard to health and disease. However, there have been few studies of direct causal relationships. Viral metagenomic analyses often lack standard references and are potentially subject to bias. Moreover, most virome-related review articles have focused on the gut virome and did not investigate the roles of the virome in other sites of the body in human disease. This review presents an overview of viral metagenomics, with updates regarding the relations between alterations in the human virome and the pathogenesis of human diseases, recent findings related to COVID-19, and therapeutic applications related to the human virome.
Associations between Chest CT Abnormalities and Clinical Features in Patients with the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Ashizawa Hiroki , Yamamoto Kazuko , Ashizawa Nobuyuki , Takeda Kazuaki , Iwanaga Naoki , Takazono Takahiro , Sakamoto Noriho , Sumiyoshi Makoto , Ide Shotaro , Umemura Asuka , Yoshida Masataka , Fukuda Yuichi , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Tashiro Masato , Tanaka Takeshi , Katoh Shungo , Morimoto Konosuke , Ariyoshi Koya , Morimoto Shimpei , Tun Mya Myat Ngwe , Inoue Shingo , Morita Kouichi , Kurihara Shintaro , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katzunori , Mukae Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus. It involves multiple organ systems, including the lungs. However, the significance of the lung involvement in SFTS remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical findings and abnormalities noted in the chest computed tomography (CT) of patients with SFTS. The medical records of 22 confirmed SFTS patients hospitalized in five hospitals in Nagasaki, Japan, between April 2013 and September 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Interstitial septal thickening and ground-glass opacity (GGO) were the most common findings in 15 (68.1%) and 12 (54.5%) patients, respectively, and lung GGOs were associated with fatalities. The SFTS patients with a GGO pattern were elderly, had a disturbance of the conscious and tachycardia, and had higher c-reactive protein levels at admission (p = 0.009, 0.006, 0.002, and 0.038, respectively). These results suggested that the GGO pattern in patients with SFTS displayed disseminated inflammation in multiple organs and that cardiac stress was linked to higher mortality. Chest CT evaluations may be useful for hospitalized patients with SFTS to predict their severity and as early triage for the need of intensive care.
Chikungunya Virus’ High Genomic Plasticity Enables Rapid Adaptation to Restrictive A549 Cells
Authors: De Caluwé Lien , Heyndrickx Leo , Coppens Sandra , Vereecken Katleen , Quiñones-Mateu Miguel E. , Merits Andres , Ariën Kevin K. , Bartholomeeusen Koen
Published: January 2022

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus that has spread globally during the last two decades. The virus is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos and is thus capable of replicating in both human and mosquito cells. CHIKV has a broad tropism in vivo, capable of replicating in various tissues and cell types but largely excluding blood cells. This was reflected in vitro by a broad array of adherent cell lines supporting CHIKV infection. One marked exception to this general rule is the resistance of the lung cancer-derived A549 cell line to CHIKV infection. We verified that A549 cells were restrictive to infection by multiple alphaviruses while being completely permissive to flavivirus infection. The adaptive growth of a primary CHIKV strain through multiple passages allowed the emergence of a CHIKV strain that productively infected A549 cells while causing overt cytopathic effects and without a fitness cost for replication in otherwise CHIKV-susceptible cells. Whole genome sequencing of polyclonal and monoclonal preparations of the adapted virus showed that a limited number of mutations consistently emerged in both structural (2 mutations in E2) and non-structural proteins (1 mutation in nsP1 and 1 mutation in nsP2). The introduction of the adaptive mutations, individually or in combinations, into a wild-type molecular clone of CHIKV allowed us to determine the relative contributions of the mutations to the new phenotype. We found that the mutations in the E2 envelope protein and non-structural proteins contributed significantly to the acquired phenotype. The nsP mutations were introduced in a split-genome trans-replicase assay to monitor their effect on viral genome replication efficiency. Interestingly, neither mutation supported increased viral genomic replication in either Vero or A549 cells.
A Novel Freshwater Cyanophage, Mae-Yong924-1, Reveals a New Family
Authors: Qian Minhua , Li Dengfeng , Lin Wei , Pan Lingting , Liu Wencai , Zhou Qin , Cai Ruqian , Wang Fei , Zhu Junquan , Tong Yigang
Published: January 2022

Cyanobacterial blooms are a worldwide ecological issue. Cyanophages are aquatic viruses specifically infecting cyanobacteria. Little is known about freshwater cyanophages. In this study, a freshwater cyanophage, Mae-Yong924-1, was isolated by the double-layer agar plate method using Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-924 as an indicator host. Mae-Yong924-1 has several unusual characteristics: a unique shape, cross-taxonomic order infectivity and a very unique genome sequence. Mae-Yong924-1 contains a nearly spherical head of about 100 nm in diameter. The tail or tail-like structure (approximately 40 nm in length) is like the tassel of a round Chinese lantern. It could lyse six diverse cyanobacteria strains across three orders including Chroococcales, Nostocales and Oscillatoriales. The genome of the cyanophage is 40,325 bp in length, with a G + C content of 48.32%, and 59 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), only 12 (20%) of which were functionally annotated. Both BLASTn and BLASTx scanning resulted in “No significant similarity found”, i.e., the Mae-Yong924-1 genome shared extremely low homology with sequences in NCBI databases. Mae-Yong924-1 formed a root node alone and monopolized a root branch in the proteomic tree based on genome-wide sequence similarities. The results suggest that Mae-Yong924-1 may reveal a new unknown family apparently distinct from other viruses.
Special Issue “Emerging Virus Infections in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes”
Authors: Pomar Léo , Baud David
Published: January 2022

Dear contributors and readers, [...]
Bias Associated with Peripheral Non-Invasive Compared to Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring in Healthy Anaesthetised and Standing Horses Using the Bionet BM7Vet
Authors: Pratt Shaun , Barnes Tamsin S. , Cowling Nicholas , de Klerk Karla , Rainger Joanne , Sole-Guitart Albert , Woldeyohannes Solomon , Goodwin Wendy
Published: January 2022

To compare arterial blood pressure (ABP) measured invasively (IBP) to ABP measured non-invasively (NIBP) via oscillometry in healthy anaesthetised and standing horses using the Bionet BM7Vet. Fourteen horses were anaesthetised for elective procedures (anaesthetised group) and 10 horses were enrolled for standing blood pressure manipulation (standing group). In both groups, IBP and NIBP-corrected to heart level were measured every 3 min using the Bionet BM7Vet. The overall mean difference (bias), standard deviation and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated for paired IBP and NIBP systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) blood pressure measurements. In anaesthetised horses, the NIBP cuff was placed at either the proximal tail base or the metacarpus. Invasive MAP was used to retrospectively characterise measurements into hypotensive (≤70 mm Hg), normotensive (71–110 mm Hg) or hypertensive (≥111 mm Hg) subgroups. In standing horses, the NIBP cuff was placed at the tail base only and invasive MAP was manipulated to achieve hypertension (≥126 mm Hg) and hypotension (≤90 mm Hg) using phenylephrine and acepromazine, respectively. When measuring NIBP at the tail in anaesthetised horses, the Bionet BM7Vet failed on 8/185 occasions and overestimated SAP, MAP and DAP during hypotension and normotension. The biases (lower, upper LOA) for MAP were −11.4 (−33.3, 10.5) and −6.0 (−25.8, 13.8) mm Hg, respectively. Hypertension could not be evaluated. When measuring NIBP at the metacarpus in anaesthetised horses, the Bionet BM7Vet failed on 24/65 occasions and underestimated SAP, MAP and DAP when all ABP subgroups were combined. The bias (lower, upper LOA) for pooled MAP was 3.6 (−44.3, 51.6) mm Hg. When measuring NIBP at the tail in standing horses, the Bionet BM7Vet failed on 64/268 occasions and underestimated SAP, MAP and DAP during hypotension, normotension and hypertension. The biases (lower, upper LOA) for MAP were 16.3 (−10.5, 43.1), 16.6 (−19.5, 52.7) and 30.0 (−8.1, 68.0) mm Hg, respectively. Monitoring NIBP on the Bionet BM7Vet in anaesthetised horses overestimated ABP at the tail and underestimated ABP at the metacarpus. The device inaccurately detected hypotension and should be used cautiously. In standing horses, the Bionet BM7Vet underestimated ABP at the tail, especially during pharmacologically induced hypertension.
Advances in the Fate of Rare Earth Elements, REE, in Transitional Environments: Coasts and Estuaries
Authors: Arienzo Michele , Ferrara Luciano , Trifuoggi Marco , Toscanesi Maria
Published: January 2022

The production of rare earth elements, REE, has significantly increased over the past years, in parallel with the latest advances in nanotechnologies and representing a new group of emerging contaminants. They find application in construction, transport, agriculture, electronics, catalysis, and biomedicine. Their extraordinary intrinsic characteristics are fundamental for overcoming current technological challenges. The accumulation of REE is consistent in near-shore waters being affected by runoff, wastewater discharge, and proximity to built-up areas. Bioavailability in water, sediments, and accumulation in marine biota as well their endocrine disruptor effect is mostly unknown. There is a significant gap of knowledge on the ecotoxicological behaviour of REE in marine areas. The existing investigations have been performed inside well-mixed estuarine systems, due to complex hydrodynamics and multiple sediment transport situations. This hampers the definition of regulatory thresholds for REE concentrations and emissions. The review summarizes the existing information on REE geochemistry and physicochemical conditions influencing dissolution, surface complexation reactions, and distribution at the continent–ocean interface, as well as their speciation, bioavailability, and detrimental effects on living organisms. Strategies for reducing REE usage and inputs are also discussed.
Lagrangian Coherent Structure Analysis on the Vegetated Compound Channel with Numerical Simulation
Authors: Choi Seongeun , Hwang Jin Hwan
Published: January 2022

Natural channels often consist of a mainstream near their thalwegs and shallow vegetated areas near shores. The compounded and partially vegetated cross-sections play a significantly role in determining the hydrodynamic characteristics of a channel. By employing the Lagrangian Coherent Structure (LCS) analysis, the present work unravels the effect of vegetation and geometry on the hydrodynamic interactions between mainstreams with the various depths and vegetated shallow areas. The LCS method is the concept of dynamical system analyses, which is determined by the finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) field of fluid particles. It enables to overcome the limitations of using the particle tracking method in cost and time for simulations. Since the LCSs represent material surfaces or asymptotic lines which particles approach, but do not pass through, they match well with the trajectories of particles or materials obtained by solving particle motion equations. Therefore, the temporal and spatial developments of the interfacial layers could be investigated by using the FTLE. As the difference of depth becomes appreciable, the values of FTLE are relatively larger farther from the vegetated area. It implies that the interfacial layer becomes wider with the larger size of vortex produced by the differences of velocities between the mainstreams and the vegetated areas. In other words, as depth differences become large, materials and momentum can be spread from the vegetated area to or collected from a wider area of the mainstream.
La relación universidad – sociedad a través de la intervención comunitaria. Caso de estudio. Factores de riesgo relacionados con anomalías congénitas estructurales en neonatos del Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda
Authors: Marrero González Dadier Andrés , Iturralde Macías María L. , Mendoza Menéndez Alberto R. , González Hernández Alina , Toledo Santana Nancy , López Lizeet
Published: January 2022

En América Latina, las anomalías congénitas, después de la prematuridad, son la segunda causa de muerte de recién nacidos y niños menores de 5 años. En Ecuador, las malformaciones congénitas mayores ocuparon la cuarta causa de mortalidad infantil en 2014. Las mismas pueden afectar gravemente a los enfermos, sus familias y la sociedad. En ocasiones es complejo identificar las causas que las generan. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue demostrar el aporte de la intervención comunitaria en la detección de factores de riesgo relacionados con malformaciones congénitas en recién nacidos en el Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda (Portoviejo, Ecuador) en el período de enero de 2018 a junio de 2019. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 56 nacidos vivos que presentaron anomalías congénitas. Se determinó que los factores de riesgo más frecuentemente asociados a malformaciones congénitas fueron los infecciosos durante la gestación, edad materna mayor a 35 años, anemia y desnutrición de la madre, y obesidad; además del consumo de tabaco y presencia de un hijo anterior con anomalías. La mortalidad neonatal se asoció directamente a las anomalías congénitas estructurales.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections in Qal’at Saleh Hospital, Iraq
Authors: Allami Mohammed , Mohammed Eman J. , Alazzawi Faten , Bahreini Masoumeh
Published: January 2022

Background: Antibiotic resistance emerged in the pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and became widespread. Moreover, increasing drug resistance has highlighted the need to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern to improve experimental treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacteria causing UTIs and their susceptibility patterns based on the geographical area. Methods: The present study was conducted on outpatients referred to Qal’at Saleh Hospital in Iraq from January 2018 to January 2019. The pathogenic bacteria were detected using API 20E kit. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: Of 216 isolates, 87.9% contained gram-negative bacteria and 12.03% contained gram-positive bacteria. In this study, Escherichia coli was identified as the main cause of UTIs. Of all the isolates, 73.61% were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility and resistance patterns of all isolates showed that amikacin and ciprofloxacin had the highest activity against gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin, amikacin, and levofloxacin had the highest activity against gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Due to the widespread resistance to drugs used in the treatment of UTIs, it is difficult to select the appropriate drugs for treating UTIs. UTI affects different age groups; therefore, sufficient knowledge should be transferred to the community to prevent these infections. If urine culture is unavailable, or it is impossible to wait for antibiotic susceptibility testing, Amikacin and Vancomycin might be the best candidates for UTI treatment.
Electrochemical Degradation of Synthetic Textile Wastewater by C/MnO2 Electrode Assessed by Surface Response Methodology
Authors: Doumbi Romuald Teguia , Noumi Guy Bertrand , Domga Tinda
Published: January 2022

The current work investigated the optimization of synthetic textile wastewater (STW) containing methyl orange, crystal violet, and neutral red reactive dye degradation on manganese dioxide coated on graphite electrode using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Carbon coated by manganese oxide (C/ MnO2 ) electrode was prepared by the sol-gel method. Graphite substrates were obtained from spent lithium-ion batteries for recycling and reducing the price of the electrode material in electrochemical processes. C/MnO2 was used as anode and cathode in an electrochemical cell during experiments. In addition, BBD was applied to design the experiments and find the optimal conditions for the degradation of STW. From the proposed model, the rate of the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 83.63% with the optimum conditions (6.989 hours, concentration of 1.5 g/L NaCl, and current density of 50 mA/cm2 ). Based on the obtained optimum values, the specific energy consumption was around 30.359 kWh (kg COD)-1. Furthermore, the C/MnO2 electrode was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and MnO2 films were prepared from the sol-gel process and deposited on graphite. Thus, using graphite coated with manganese dioxide, indirect anodic oxidation (IAO) can be efficient for the removal of the organic matter from the real textile dye bath.
ÖLÜME BAĞLI TASARRUFUN İPTALİ DAVASININ DAVADA YER ALMAYAN İLGİLİLER ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: YELMEN Adem
Published: January 2022

Ölüme bağlı tasarrufun iptali davası, ehliyetsizlik, irade sakatlığı halleri (yanılma, aldatma ve korkutma veya zorlama), tasarrufun içeriğinin, bağlandığı koşullar veya yüklemelerin hukuka ya da ahlaka aykırı olması ile şekle aykırılık hallerinde o ölüme bağlı tasarrufun iptali için açılabilir. Ölüme bağlı tasarrufların iptali davasında verilen iptal kararı kural olarak sadece yargılamanın “tarafları arasında etkili” hüküm ve sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Taraflar arası (inter partes) etki hem davacı hem de davalı tarafta yer alanlar boyutuyla gündeme gelmektedir. Söz konusu taraflar arası (inter partes) etki, maddi anlamda ölüme bağlı tasarruf türleri açısından ayrı ayrı olarak ele alındığında farklı özellikler gösterebilmektedir. Vasiyeti yerine getirme görevlisi ve vasiyetin (belirli mal bırakmanın) bazı özel görünümleri hariç taraflar arası (inter partes) etki kural olarak geçerli bir şekilde etki doğurmaktadır. Vasiyeti yerine getirme görevlisi atama içeren bir ölüme bağlı tasarrufun iptali kararı bakımından ise taraflar arası (inter partes) değil, herkese yönelik (erga omnes) etkinin var olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Vasiyet (belirli mal bırakma) açısından ise taraflar arası (inter partes) etki kural olarak geçerli olmakla birlikte bazı türlerinde mesele sorunlara sebebiyet verecek boyutlara ulaşma riskini taşımaktadır.
Kalithogai in the study of structural perspectives
Authors: S Anitha
Published: January 2022

A scientific approach is being adopted to apply various new theories of research to the manuscripts. Anatomy is one of those principles. Its impact marked a turning point in Western performance. It is considered one of the best research methods of the 20th century and is being used in various fields of social science. One of the most powerful scientific methods in the field of human culture today is structural science, which is an influential scientific method of research in the fields of literature, linguistics, folk culture, sociological politics, and psychology. This method of research is performed today on the story literature that appeared many years ago. Similar studies are currently underway in Tamil. Our ancient Tamil literatures have their own traditional structure. This article sets out to explore the basics of learning structurally
МАРИЈА, СЕСТРА СРПСКЕ КРАЉИЦЕ ЈЕЛЕНЕ MARY, THE SISTER OF QUEEN HELEN OF SERBIA
Authors: Порчић Небојша
Published: January 2022

Relatively numerous source data about Mary, the sister of Serbian queen Helen, the wife of King Uroš I, proved to be crucial for resolving the long-elusive issue of Helen’s origins. However, Mary was in her own right an important historical personality, whose family links and life course mirror the complexity of political and religious relations in southeastern Europe in the 13th century. The paper begins by readdressing the issue of Mary’s and Helen’s origins, which has not met with an appropriate response in historiography. Then, following in the path of several studies recently published abroad, it sheds light on Mary’s life course, from her marriage to Anselm of Cayeux, a prominent baron of the Latin Empire, through her stay in the Kingdom of Sicily, France and Serbia, to the data on her offspring.
Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) en domicilios de El Portachuelo, Mérida, Venezuela: un reporte eco-epidemiológico
Authors: Páez-Rondón Oscar , Inciarte Ingrid , Otálora-Luna Fernando , Aldana Elis
Published: January 2022

Se señala por primera vez la presencia de Panstrongylus geniculatus, naturalmente infectado con Trypanosoma cruzi, en el intra y peri-domicilio de viviendas de la población de El Portachuelo, a 1650 msnm (Ejido, Estado Mérida, Venezuela). Se plantea la importancia ecológica del presente hallazgo tras los recientes reportes de brotes de la enfermedad de Chagas en el estado Mérida. Se discuten los factores antrópicos locales y climáticos globales que podrían estar correlacionados con la infestación de triatominos en escenarios epidemiológicos emergentes en localidades rurales en proceso de urbanización.
A new species of Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, 1896 (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae) from Brazil associated with Machaerium acutifolium Voguel, 1837 (Fabaceae)
Authors: Wanderley Perioto Nelson , Lara Rogéria Inês Rosa
Published: January 2022

A new species of Tanaostigmodes Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae), Tanaostigmodes anamariae Perioto and Lara, sp. nov., is described and illustrated. This species was reared from fruits of Machaerium acutifolium Voguel (Fabaceae), popularly known in Brazil as “jacarandá-do-campo”. Tanaostigmodes is reported for the first time for the state of São Paulo. A key to species of Tanaostigmodes of the insculptus group of species is provided.
Records about the alien millipede Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in continental Chile
Authors: Parra-Gómez Antonio
Published: January 2022

The alien polydesmid millipede Oxidus gracilis is recorded from continental Chile based on new material revised. The distribution in the country was mapped by combination of records from new material collected, preserved specimens and observations from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Lista preliminar de los lepidópteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) presentes en el bosque El Pelejo, San Martín, Perú
Authors: Seminario-Córdova Renzo , Baquero Enrique
Published: January 2022

La amazonia peruana, conocida por ser hábitat de un gran número de especies, ha sido objeto de innumerables investigaciones con la finalidad de comprender mejor su biodiversidad. Uno de los grupos más estudiados en esta parte del Perú es el de los lepidópteros. Sin embargo, a pesar de que hay algunos trabajos en zonas como Loreto, Tingo María e incluso el mismo San Martín, aún quedan muchas partes de la selva por explorar y evaluar. En ese sentido, se considera muy importante la realización de investigaciones como la presente, que tuvo como objetivo determinar las especies de lepidópteros diurnos que habitan el bosque El Pelejo, San Martín, Perú. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en un área conservada ubicada dentro de la propiedad de Agroganadera Huallaga S. A. C. Se registraron 31 especies de lepidópteros correspondientes a cinco familias, siendo Nymphalidae la que presentó mayor riqueza de especies. Asimismo, todas las especies registradas en la presente investigación se encuentran en la categoría de Preocupación Menor de acuerdo con la lista roja de especies de la IUCN. Este estudio representa el primer listado de lepidópteros para el Bosque El Pelejo, siendo la base para futuras investigaciones sobre mariposas diurnas en este importante bosque de la Amazonia peruana.
ASPECTOS CRISTOLÓGICOS NA ORAÇÃO “LOUVORES A DEUS ALTÍSSIMO”, DE SÃO FRANCISCO DE ASSIS
Authors: Damasio Machado Sidney , Moresco Kleber
Published: January 2022

Alguns autores medievais intuíram com muita sabedoria o princípio de que o modelo perfeito de ser humano encontra-se em Jesus Cristo; esse princípio hermenêutico vincula o estudo da antropologia com a compreensão cristológica. A experiência pessoal e/ou coletiva interfere diretamente no modo de imaginar Cristo, pois o imaginário é formado com elementos culturais. Sendo assim, as representações de Cristo são herdeiras de uma experiência, essa experiência além de buscar descrever a Cristo, também revela o ideal antropológico, pois Cristo é o ser humano por excelência. Orações, pinturas e escritos são algumas das formas de manifestar de modo metafórico a relação entre o ser humano e o transcendente. Na oração Louvores a Deus Altíssimo São Francisco atribui diversos adjetivos a Deus. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar alguns elementos cristológicos presentes nessa oração, e a partir desses elementos, perceber os ideais antropológicos presentes na compreensão de São Francisco de Assis.