bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐cost solid‐state LiDAR/inertial‐based localization with prior map for autonomous systems in urban scenarios
Authors: Zhong Yihan , Huang Feng , Zhang Jiachen , Wen Weisong , Hsu Li‐Ta
Published: September 2022

A low‐cost and accurate positioning solution is significant for the massive deployment of fully autonomous driving vehicles (ADV). Conventional mechanical LiDAR has proven its performance, but its high cost hinders the massive production of autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes a low‐cost LiDAR/inertial‐based localization solution for autonomous systems with prior maps in urban areas. Instead of relying on the costly mechanical LiDAR, this paper proposes to utilize the solid‐state LiDAR (SSL) with the prior map to estimate the position of the vehicle by matching the real‐time point clouds from the SSL and the prior map using the normal distribution transformation (NDT) algorithm. However, the field of view (FOV) of the SSL is signifcantly smaller than the conventional mechanical LiDAR, which can easily lead to failure during the NDT map matching. To fill this gap, this paper proposes to exploit the complementariness of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and the SSL, where the IMU pre‐integration provides a coarse but high‐frequency initial guess to the map matching. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper, the authors collect the dataset in two typical urban scenarios through a pedestrian hand‐hold and a vehicle driving condition. The results reveal that the SSL‐only‐based localization is significantly challenged in dynamic scenarios. With the help of the IMU, the robustness of the proposed method is significantly improved, achieving an accuracy of within 0.5 m. To show the sensitivity of the SSL‐based map matching against the initial guess of the state, this paper also presents the convergence results of the map matching under different levels of accuracy in terms of the initial guess.
Autonomous power supply of objects in rural settlements of Pavlodar region using alternative energy sources
Authors: Alimgazin Altai , Sultanguzin Ildar , Akhmetova Irina , Berguzinov Askhat , Zhakisihev Baurzhan , Ushchekin Oleg
Published: September 2022

The issues of practical application at pilot facilities in the village of Konstantinovka, Uspensky district, Pavlodar region of a specific technology are considered. It is based on an autonomous power supply complex (APSC) using geothermal wells of the region with temperatures from +250C to +420C as a low-grade heat source. The results of integrated calculations of the economic effect resulting from the introduction of the AEC supply heat to a number of social facilities (school, hospital, kindergarten, 24-apartment building, sports complex) with a total heat load of 0.683 Gcal/hour (data from the akimat of the village of Konstantinovka) are presented.
Development of methodological tools for forecasting the activities of agricultural organizations to ensure food security in the region
Authors: Iskhakov Albert , Klychova Guzaliya , Ostaev Gamlet , Konina Elena , Gainutdinova Ekaterina , Milova Yelena
Published: September 2022

The study of the issues of forecasting the activities of agricultural organizations in modern conditions is necessary and relevant. Development of forecasting tools in the management system of modern agricultural organization has a significant impact on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of its production and economic activity. In our opinion, the methodology of assessing the sustainability and effectiveness of agricultural organizations should be aimed at combining static and dynamic approaches, which is demonstrated in the present study. In economic practice, the possibility of managing the factors of socio-economic phenomena determines the need to measure their relationships. Multifactor correlation and regression analysis allows to estimate the measure of influence on the studied result indicator of each of the factors included in the model at a fixed position of other factors, as well as at any possible combinations of factors with a certain degree of accuracy. Correlation and regression analysis allows taking into account influence of various factors in forecast calculations. The research allows to create the forecasting variants of economical-mathematical models of activity of enterprise that allows to choose the trajectories of the most effective economic development. As an analysis and application of forecasting tools we chose a sub-sector of agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan - dairy cattle breeding. The analysis of dairy cattle breeding of Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan for the last 30 years is given in the article, the food security issues are considered, the multifactorial correlation-regression model of economic activity of cattle breeding enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan is built. As a result, based on the regression equation, the average annual milk yield per 1 cow was predicted. Thus, on the basis of the obtained results, it is possible to develop further action plan to improve the production-economic activity of the enterprise and search for reserves in increasing its efficiency.
Problems of sustainable development of rural areas (on the materials of Samara region)
Authors: Volkonskaya Anna , Mamai Oksana , Kudryashov Aleksandr , Nikulnikov Nikolai
Published: September 2022

The effectiveness of the development of the agricultural sector of the economy directly affects the socio-economic development of the country, rural areas. Among the factors of sustainable development of agricultural production, a special place has recently been given to state support. It allows not only to increase the efficiency of agricultural enterprises, but also contributes to the development of rural settlements and employment in them. Therefore, research in the field of integrated development of rural areas is currently relevant for many regions. The purpose of the study is to study the development trends of the agricultural sector of the economy as the basis for the development of rural areas, to identify problems that hinder this development. In the course of the study, various methods were used to study processes and phenomena in the field of organizational and economic relations: analysis and synthesis, systematic and logical approaches to studying trends in the development of the agricultural sector of the economy, the integrated development of rural areas, graphical interpretation of theoretical information and empirical data. As a result, shortcomings in the mechanism for implementing the state program for the development of rural areas were identified, and corrective measures for this mechanism were proposed.
Florfenicol 40% efficacy in piglets with respiratory pathologies
Authors: Engashev Sergey V. , Savinkov Aleksey V. , Sadov Konstantin M. , Iliasov Pavel V.
Published: September 2022

Piglets with large-scale respiratory pathologies caused by a bacterial flora susceptible to phenicol antibacterial drugs received two doses of Florfenicol 40%. On day 4 after administration, this resulted in the complete reversal of clinical pattern, in the recovery of morphofunctional blood parameters, and in the reduction in prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae by 25%, Streptococcus suis by 50%, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus by 41.7%. The drug is tolerated with no adverse events. The results of this study allow recommending Florfenicol 40% as an antibacterial therapy in the acute infectious inflammatory respiratory pathologies in the store pigs.
Influence of a stopping angle of a spiral coil on the operation of a spiral-screw dispenser
Authors: Lyalin Evgeny
Published: September 2022

Dosing of dry concentrated feed to dairy cows is one of the most important tasks in the field of livestock mechanization. Devices that carry out volume dosing are more reliable and easier to be manufactured. Volumetric dispensers also include a spiral-screw dispenser – a special case of a screw dispenser. It is proposed to study the working process of the spiral-screw dispenser, namely the influence of a stopping angle of the last turn of the transporting spiral at the end of the discharge hole of the cylindrical casing. The paper indicates the method of determining and the value of the physical and mechanical properties of granulated feed. A laboratory installation on which it is possible to change the angle of installation of the spiral on the drive shaft is described. To study the effect of the stopping angle of the last turn of the transporting spiral on the accuracy of the formation of the feed portion, spirals with a diameter of 49, 73, 97 mm with different steps of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 of the diameter values were used. As a result of the experiments, it was revealed that the lowest coefficient of variation is 0.56 – 17.50%. And, accordingly, the greatest dosing accuracy is obtained when the last turn of the spiral stops at the position of 0°. That is, when the turn stops at the edge of the discharge neck in its lower part and this is typical for all sizes of spirals that were used.
Prospects of personnel training for the agricultural sector in the conditions of digitalization
Authors: Kapelyuk Zoya , Shchetinina Irina , Aletdinova Anna , Gorodkova Svetlana , Derevyanko Yulia
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to identifying the main problems associated with the lack of young and qualified personnel in the agricultural sector of the economy. This includes financial, household and other problems of the rural areas and population, which reduces the prestige of agricultural jobs for young people, causes reluctance to get education related to agriculture, and after graduation to work in agricultural production. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to change the system of personnel training, move to a crosscutting continuous agricultural education, form a positive image of a rural worker in children from preschool and school years. One must also improve university and secondary vocational education, and, based on the use of information technology, provide the opportunity for continuous mastering the latest scientific and practical innovative achievements throughout their working life.
Effect of the drug “Degelm-14” on spontaneously infected chickens with eimeriosis
Authors: Mullakaev Orazali , Lutfullin Minsagit , Kirillov Evgeny , Zaikina Elena , Nizamova Gulnar
Published: September 2022

The studies show that when using the preparation "Degelm-14" after infection of birds, the histological structure in most of the studied organs was gradually restored. In the glandular stomach and small intestine on the 22nd day after application of the studied preparation the microstructure of the organ recovered completely. Microstructural changes in the cloacal pouch and spleen after application of Degelm-14 indicated restoration of the proliferative activity of the cells of the germinal centers. In the liver, at the final stage of the study, there were no signs of metabolic disorders in hepatocytes, and the dark pink coloration of their cytoplasm indicated an increase in synthetic processes in the cells of the organ parenchyma. But in the kidneys there were still observed signs of impaired glomerular filtration, regulating the function of the organ.
Analysing the staff supply of a dairy enterprise in the Samara region
Authors: Pyatova O. F. , Shumilina T. V. , Lazareva T. G. , Gazizyanova Yu. Yu.
Published: September 2022

The key objective of any enterprise's staff policy is to form a system of providing managers, specialists and workers of mass professions who can solve tasks of future development at a high professional level. The volume and timeliness of all work, the efficient use of fixed assets and, as a result, the volume of production, its cost, profit and several other economic indicators depend on the availability of labour resources and the efficiency of their use. The most important social and labour indicators in enterprises are ensuring full employment of labour resources and high labour productivity, creating good working conditions for staff and increasing wages, achieving proper economic growth and quality of life for workers. Labour has a major role to play in realizing these economic objectives. The article analyses the indicators characterizing the level of labour supply of the enterprise, their qualitative composition and the level of labour productivity.
Current trends in the development and efficiency of irrigation systems
Authors: Nafikov I. R. , Lukmanov R. R. , Lushnov M. A. , Khusainov R. K. , Kashapov I. I.
Published: September 2022

The article presents research methods for the developed irrigation systems, for increasing the efficiency of water use in the agricultural sector. Based on an analysis of literature and patent sources, the authors present ways of modifying irrigation systems, such as physical and hydraulic barriers and magnetic treatment of irrigation water. The article also presents the results of laboratory tests of the proposed drip irrigation system. It investigates five different types of drip trays to quantify hydraulic performance. Researchers obtained dependencies of uniformity of water flow through the drip trays when changing the operating pressure in the system.
Productivity of various types of spring wheat under the influence of the area and nutrition status in the Pre-Kama of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Serzhanov Igor , Shaikhutdinov Farit , Serzhanova Albina , Garaev Razil , Khamitova Adilya
Published: September 2022

This paper summarizes the experimental data on the results of two years of experiments on the study the effect on the yield and grain quality of spring soft wheat of the Ulyanovskaya 105 variety and emmer wheat (Triticum Dicoccum Schvebl, spelt) of Runo variety and when applying a full dose of mineral fertilizers (N30-34P49-52K33-35) for pre-sowing cultivation. Natural background without fertilizers was in the control. Four seeding rates were tested at each nutritional level: 4; 5; 6 and 7 million pieces viable seeds per 1 ha. Meteorological conditions during the research years were different. The hydrothermal index (HTI) for the growing season of spring wheat in 2020 was 1.38, growth and development took place in favorable conditions, and in 2021 the HTI was 0.29, which had a very negative impact on the yield of the tested wheat varieties. The highest yield in the research years on both statuses of nutrition in the Ulyanovskaya105 variety was provided when sowing 6 million grains per hectare, in wheat variety Runo spelt (1.95–2.6...2.63–2.75), respectively.
Digital transformation of management system of program apparatus complex based on correlation-regression analysis
Authors: Safiullin N. A. , Nezhmetdinova F. T. , Zinurova R. I. , Gatina F. F. , Tuzikov A. R.
Published: September 2022

The paper is devoted to the study of the modern state and development of the system for the provision of electronic public services in the Volga Federal District. The data on the dynamics of the number of users on the portal of public services are given. The rating of the regions of the studied district in terms of the quality of the provision of electronic public services is presented. The factors affecting the score-rating system are outlined. A correlation-regression analysis is carried out, which reveals the correlation between the resultant and factor characteristics. It is proved that the quality of the electronic provided services can be brought to the level of 67.7 points by changing the degree of influence of these factors. The experience of digital transformation of state and municipal government in the Udmurt Republic, as the leader of the Volga Federal District in terms of the quality of the provision of electronic public services, is described.
Responses of bottom invertebrates to pollution in the Arctic: bioassays with blue mussel Mylilus edulis L.
Authors: Gudimov A. V. , Malavenda S. S.
Published: September 2022

Environmental control in the Arctic ecosystems needs to be changed to hi-tech monitoring technologies with IT systems for actual and ecologically effective 'arctic safeguard'. In circumstances of the fragile arctic ecosystems, priority bioassay of possible toxic hazards in natural seawater must be undertaken. It was considered useful to examine toxic responses of some indicator species. Bivalves are well-known indicators of pollution stress arising from the activities of man, such as off-shore drilling and oil transportation, dredging or the release of pollutants. Toxic effects of some drilling fluids on energy balance, behavior and survival of the common mussel Mytilus edulis L, were estimated in long-duration bioassays of about 30 days each. The highest sensitivity of behavioral responses to any changes in chemical water composition was found. Mussels of the Barents Sea had significant differences from the control by four behavioral parameters even at 0.01 g/l of the ferrochrome-lignosulfonate drilling fluid, while the significant differences from the control in oxygen consumption and filtration rates were observed only at the 10 g/l. Even small concentration of another standard water-based drilling fluid with barite (of about 0.05 g/l) had a lethal effect on M. edulis.
Prise en charge chirurgicale des traumatismes de la trachée (brèches et ruptures)
Authors: Viateau Véronique
Published: September 2022

Un traumatisme de la trachée doit faire partie des hypothèses formulées face à un emphysème sous-cutané, associé ou non à une dyspnée, survenant dans un contexte d’intubation endotrachéale, de plaies de morsures en regard de l’encolure ou d’accident de la voie publique. L’hypothèse d’une avulsion trachéale doit également être évoquée en présence de difficultés respiratoires s’aggravant brutalement chez un chat ayant accès à l’extérieur ; la possibilité d’une survenue parfois tardive des signes cliniques d’appel, d’une imagerie initiale parfois non contributive, peuvent être piégeuse dans un tel contexte. Le contexte de survenue permet de préjuger de la nature et de la localisation de la lésion, de sa gravité potentielle et d’orienter la décision opératoire. L’indication opératoire est systématique dans un contexte d’avulsion trachéale et de plaies pénétrantes de l’encolure. L’intervention chirurgicale n’est nécessaire que dans environ 21 % des cas dans un contexte d’intubation endotrachéale. Sous réserve d’une prise en charge multidisciplinaire adaptée, le pronostic d’une brèche ou d’une avulsion trachéale est le plus souvent bon en dépit d’une présentation clinique initiale souvent spectaculaire. Les séquelles fonctionnelles sont exceptionnelles et sans gravité.
Palatoplastie simple chez un Berger Belge Malinois présentant une élongation du voile du palais
Authors: Courtin Céline , Stybel Lucie , Dulieu François , Bouveret Adrien , Lamour Thierry
Published: September 2022

Les auteurs présentent ici le cas clinique d’un chien de race Berger Belge Malinois, appartenant au ministère des Armées, présentant une détresse respiratoire au travail. Après un examen clinique attentif et la réalisation d’examens complémentaires, notamment une radiographie du thorax et un examen visuel des voies respiratoires supérieures sous anesthésie générale, une élongation du voile du palais, sans hyperplasie, a été diagnostiquée comme étant responsable des troubles respiratoires observés. Cette pathologie, atypique chez un chien dolichocéphale, est une des composantes du syndrome obstructif respiratoire. Elle est détaillée ici dans sa prise en charge médicale et chirurgicale, cette dernière nécessitant la mise en œuvre d’une palatoplastie simple consistant, après une anesthésie générale, à raccourcir le voile du palais par résection de sa partie terminale. En discussion, les auteurs rapportent plusieurs cas relatifs à cette pathologie, détectés sur les chiens de travail de race berger belge malinois au sein des Armées. Cette anomalie est en général mise en évidence vers l’âge de quatre à cinq ans et est responsable de l’apparition d’une intolérance à l’effort pouvant aller jusqu’au coup de chaleur, voire des épisodes de syncope, rendant le chien inapte au travail en ambiance chaude. La récupération physique et opérationnelle après l’intervention chirurgicale est totale et permet d’envisager un pronostic très favorable pour ces chiens.
Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes following Severe Maternal Morbidity in an Urban Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Feng Alayna H. , Stanhope Kaitlyn K. , Jamieson Denise J. , Boulet Sheree L.
Published: September 2022

Objective Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) may be associated with postpartum psychiatric morbidity. However, the direction and strength of this relationship remain unclear. Our goal was to estimate the association between SMM and postpartum inpatient mental health care utilization.

Study Design We examined all liveborn deliveries at a large, safety-net hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, from 2013 to 2021. SMM at or within 42 days of delivery was identified using International Classification of Disease codes. The primary outcome of interest was hospitalization with a psychiatric diagnosis in the year following the delivery. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity scores to adjust for demographics, index delivery characteristics, and medical, psychiatric, and obstetric history. We fit log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results Among 22,233 deliveries, the rates of SMM and postpartum hospitalization with a psychiatric diagnosis, respectively, were 6.8% (n = 1,149) and 0.8% (n = 169). The most common psychiatric diagnosis was nonpsychotic mood disorders (without SMM 0.4%, n = 79; with SMM 1.7% n = 24). After weighting, 2.2% of deliveries with SMM had a postpartum readmission with a psychiatric diagnosis, compared with 0.7% of deliveries without SMM (aRR: 3.2, 95% CI: [2.0, 5.2]). Associations were stronger among individuals without previous psychiatric hospitalization.

Conclusion Experiencing SMM was associated with an elevated risk of postpartum psychiatric morbidity. These findings support screening and treatment for mild and moderate postpartum psychiatric disorders in the antenatal period.

Key Points
Zinc-Catalyzed Markovnikov-Type Hydroisothiocyanation of Alkenes with Ammonium Thiocyanate
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu
Published: September 2022

A ZnI2-catalyzed addition of ammonium thiocyanate to olefins in the presence of 4-toluenesulfonic acid and tetrabutylammonium iodide has been developed. The reaction proceeds by a Markovnikov-type process and a radical isomerization, and gives the corresponding isothiocyanates selectively and in good yields.
The 21st Century Cures Act: Perspectives of Clinicians in a Level-IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sullivan Anne H. T. , Healy Helen M. , DeGrazia Michele , Toole Cheryl , Hansen Anne , Leeman Kristen T.
Published: September 2022

Objective Our objective is to describe the implications, anticipated and perceived, by providers in a level-IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with immediate patient access to inpatient notes and test results in the wake of the 21st Century Cures Act (CCA).

Study Design Using a mixed-method approach in February 2021, a preimplementation survey of neonatologists, neonatal fellows, nurse practitioners, and neonatal nurses reported their perspectives on the new 21st CCA and how they anticipated that it would change their practices, and the experience of families in the NICU. In the follow-up to implementation, a postsurvey was completed by staff reporting their experiences in July 2021. Thematic analysis was performed.

Results In the preimplementation survey, staff reported the greatest perceived benefits of the changes to be an increase in families' ability to be part of the care team and prepare questions, and faster discussion of results by the care team. Also, staff's highest concerns were that family members may incorrectly interpret results delivered electronically without the context provided by the care team and be overwhelmed by the amount of information available. In the postimplementation survey, staff reported that the Act had less impact on their practice than they had anticipated preimplementation.

Conclusion To maximize benefits and limit burdens to families and staff, care teams should consider a thoughtful approach to information sharing with family members in compliance with the 21st CCA.

Key Points
Conversion of Automated 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Interpretations to OMOP CDM Vocabulary
Authors: Choi Sunho , Joo Hyung Joon , Kim Yoojoong , Kim Jong-Ho , Seok Junhee
Published: September 2022

Background A computerized 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) can automatically generate diagnostic statements, which are helpful for clinical purposes. Standardization is required for big data analysis when using ECG data generated by different interpretation algorithms. The common data model (CDM) is a standard schema designed to overcome heterogeneity between medical data. Diagnostic statements usually contain multiple CDM concepts and also include non-essential noise information, which should be removed during CDM conversion. Existing CDM conversion tools have several limitations, such as the requirement for manual validation, inability to extract multiple CDM concepts, and inadequate noise removal.

Objectives We aim to develop a fully automated text data conversion algorithm that overcomes limitations of existing tools and manual conversion.

Methods We used interpretations printed by 12-lead resting ECG tests from three different vendors: GE Medical Systems, Philips Medical Systems, and Nihon Kohden. For automatic mapping, we first constructed an ontology-lexicon of ECG interpretations. After clinical coding, an optimized tool for converting ECG interpretation to CDM terminology is developed using term-based text processing.

Results Using the ontology-lexicon, the cosine similarity-based algorithm and rule-based hierarchical algorithm showed comparable conversion accuracy (97.8 and 99.6%, respectively), while an integrated algorithm based on a heuristic approach, ECG2CDM, demonstrated superior performance (99.9%) for datasets from three major vendors.

Conclusion We developed a user-friendly software that runs the ECG2CDM algorithm that is easy to use even if the user is not familiar with CDM or medical terminology. We propose that automated algorithms can be helpful for further big data analysis with an integrated and standardized ECG dataset.
Redo Mitral Valve Replacement Using St. Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis via Transseptal Approach in a Patient with Degenerated Mitral Epic Bioprosthesis: A Video Presentation
Authors: Goja Shikha , George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Raghuprakash Sumanth , Gupta Shradha , Sharma Shweta , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Chowdhury Ujjwal K.
Published: September 2022

A 58-year-old male patient with degenerated St. Jude Epic mitral bioprosthesis underwent successful mitral valve replacement using 29 mm St. Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis. Case history presented here to prevent organ injury via a transeptal approach for a degenerated epic bioprosthesis.
Technical Details of Redo Aortic Valve Replacement Using St. Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis in a Patient with Thrombosed Aortic Mechanical Prosthesis: A Video Presentation
Authors: George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Goja Shikha , Avneesh Sheil , Raghuprakash Sumanth , Gupta Shradha , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Chowdhury Ujjwal K.
Published: September 2022

Current consensus guidelines of the American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology uniformly recommend either type of prosthetic valve for patients aged between 60 and 70 years and mechanical prosthesis for patients aged less than 60 years. These recommendations are based on the results of randomized controlled trials that demonstrated no significant difference in late survival. Two of these trials compared mechanical and bioprosthetic valve models implanted in 1970s and 1980s. The other two trials included patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Contemporary data are limited to small single-center studies
Behavioral and emotional adaptations of obese and underweight students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ferraro F. Richard , Alsubaiei Sabrina
Published: September 2022

Previous studies have investigated the effects of COVID-19 on the general population of college students. However, research evaluating the complex behavioral and psychological impact of the pandemic on both obese and underweight students is currently limited. We used data from a survey conducted from March to April 2020 across 2534 students enrolled in seven US universities. We examined whether the associations between taking various behaviors and being obese and underweight students are unidimensional, or varies based on various negative emotions, and their sociodemographic characteristics. Also, we checked whether emotions of obese and underweight groups are impaired, which consequently might impact taking various cautionary behaviors. The results highlight complex relationships between being obese and underweight students and other considered variables. For instance, despite the associated risk, it was found that obese students are associated with less fear, guilt and irritability due to the pandemic. However, those associations vary based on factors such as level of educations. In addition, while obese students are less likely to avoid a large group of people, the impact changes based on gender. Lack of precautions and emotions is despite the increased risk of hospitalization and death associated with obese and underweight groups. Finally, it was found that there are negative and stable associations between higher social class, income, and the lower likelihood of being obese or underweight. Significant differences and similarities were also found across factors to obese and underweight students.
Flexible organic transistors can bridge the gap between brain and machine
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: September 2022

Detailing how organic transistors can measure and stimulate neural activity
Role of Rabi oscillations in radiative states due to the fully absorbing smaller plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Jain Kritika , Venkatapathi Murugesan
Published: September 2022

The modified radiative and non-radiative states due to the weak coupling of an emitter with other resonant objects (Purcell effect) can be recast as a quantum interference of the paths of the photon that define the classical scattering and absorption by the object. When the coupling is stronger, additional paths representing the Rabi oscillations or the possible re-absorption of the photon from the excited object, by the emitter at the ground-state, have to be included in the quantum interference. The effect of these additional Rabi paths of the photon on the radiative states and the efficiency of spontaneous emission can be approximated using a simple one-loop correction to the weak-coupling approximation. This effect is especially evident in the anomalous enhancements of emission due to extremely small non-scattering (or almost fully absorbing) metal nanoparticles less than 10 nm in dimensions approximately. Extending these corrections to a collective model of spontaneous emission that includes multiple emitters and such very small metal nanoparticles coupled to each other, the large contribution of Rabi paths to radiative decay in such bulk materials is elucidated.
Initial results from time-resolved LaBr based hard x-ray spectrometer for ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Purohit S. , Gupta M. K. , Chowdhuri M. B. , Mansuri I. , Bhandarkar M. , Shukla B. K. , Shah K. , Manchanda R. , Nagora U. C. , Pathak S. K. , Jadeja K. A. , Tanna R. L. , Ghosh J. ,   ADITYA-U Team
Published: September 2022

Runaway electrons (REs) are passively studied by hard x-ray (HX) emissions generated by REs. A LaBr3(Ce) detector-based HX spectroscopic diagnostic (operational within ∼75 keV to 3.5 MeV) has been set up on the ADITYA-U. The diagnostic acquisition software utility is upgraded to obtain the temporal evolution of the HX spectrum to understand the RE energy distribution in plasma during its various phases. The peak position moves to lower energy for Ohmically heated discharges (200–80 keV), indicating a relative increase in the thermal particle content in the plasma. The peak position of RE energy shows a decreasing tendency with increasing ne with Ne gas puffing and termination of the electron cyclotron resonance pulse.
Similarity scaling of the axisymmetric turbulent jet
Authors: Zhu Chunyue , Tian Yujia , Buchhave Preben , Velte Clara M.
Published: September 2022

In this work, we find that a free axisymmetric jet in air displays self-similarity in the fully developed part of the jet (≳30 jet exit diameters from the jet exit). We report accurate measurements of first, second, and third order spatially averaged statistical functions of the axial velocity component performed with a laser Doppler anemometer, including the outer (high intensity, ≳20%) regions of the jet. The measurements are compared to predictions derived from a simple jet model, which is described in a separate publication, and we discuss the implications for the further study of self-similarity in a free jet. It appears that all statistical functions included in this study can be scaled with a single geometrical scaling factor—the downstream distance from a common virtual origin, z−z0.
Pulse supercharging phenomena in a water-filled pipe and a universal prediction model of optimal pulse frequency
Authors: Li Heng , Huang Bingxiang
Published: September 2022

A water hammer is an important natural phenomenon that can be used to fracture rock with enhanced local water pressure. The oscillatory injection of a column of water can be used to make a pipe water hammer. However, the optimal injection frequency to create a water hammer has not yet been found. The main reason for this is that the distribution of fluid pressure and its variation are unclear inside a pipe. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that there can be significant supercharging phenomena and a law governing their appearance in a water-filled pipe. We first find the optimal pulse frequency to reproduce the supercharging process. We also clarify the supercharging mechanism at an optimal frequency. First, a simplified pipe model is adopted, and weakly compressible Navier–Stokes equations are developed to simulate the flow of water in pulse hydraulic fracturing (PHF). The computation code is developed using the MacCormack method, which has second-order accuracy in time and space. The computation codes and program are validated using experimental data of weakly compressible flows. Then, the square pulse effects are studied inside a pipe, including the effects of pulse frequency, amplitude, pipe length, diameter, and wave speed. Finally, a new universal frequency model is built to describe the relationship among optimal pulse frequency, wave speed, and pipe length. The results show that in square PHF, there is a family of frequencies for which the fluid peak pressure can be significantly enhanced, and these frequencies include the optimal pulse frequency. The optimal frequency of a square pulse depends on the pipe length and wave speed. At the optimal pulse frequency, the maximum peak pressure of the fluid can be increased by 100% or more, and cavitation occurs. These new landmark findings are very valuable for understanding pulse supercharging in an internal water wave. In addition, a new universal frequency model is built to predict optimal pulse frequency. This study identifies an evolution law of peak pressure inside a pipe and proposes a practical frequency-control model for the first time, which can provide a theoretical guide for PHF design.
An elderberry-supplemented diet improves spermatogenesis in mice with busulfan-induced azoospermia
Authors: Mafi Balani Mohammadreza , Ghafari Novin Mahsa , Sabbagh Alvani Mohammadamin , Raee Pourya , Afshar Azar , Aghajanpour Fakhroddin , Soltani Reza , Hassani Moghaddam Meysam , Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Salimi Maryam , Hasani Ahad Hasan Seyed , Abdi Shabnam , Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin , Aliaghaei Abbas
Published: September 2022

Context Approximately 40–50% of all infertility cases are due to male infertility, and one of the most important causes of infertility is azoospermia. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of elderberry on the spermatogenesis process in the azoospermia mice model. Method Thirty adult male mice were randomised into three groups: control; busulfan (45 mg/kg); and busulfan + elderberry (2%), 6 mL orally per animal. Sperm samples were collected from the tail of the epididymis, and testis specimens were also collected and then subjected to sperm parameters analysis, histopathological evaluation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) measurement to determine the mRNA expression and hormonal assay. Conclusions It can be concluded that the elderberry diet may be considered a complementary treatment to improve the spermatogenesis process in busulfan-induced azoospermic mice. Implications Considering some limitations, the elderberry diet can be an alternate option for improving testicular damage following chemotherapy.
Sentence initial lexical bundles in Chinese and New Zealand PhD theses in the discipline of General and Applied Linguistics
Authors: Li Liang , Franken Margaret , Wu Shaoqun
Published: September 2022

Lexical bundles are recurrent multiword combinations and often function as discourse building blocks. Lexical bundles have been analysed in university students’ writing to detect linguistic errors, measure writing competence, and investigate the divergence between L1 and L2 writing. Few studies, however, have focused on the high-stakes genre of PhD thesis and investigated the bundle productions of the same genre within the same level and discipline. This paper compares sentence initial lexical bundles in the corpora of English theses written by Chinese and New Zealand PhD students in the discipline of General and Applied Linguistics. Forty-six bundles from a Chinese corpus and forty-two bundles from a New Zealand corpus were generated. Among them, 94% of sentence initial bundles were identified as metadiscursive bundles. Chinese and New Zealand doctoral students showed considerably different preferences in their bundle selection. The paper examines the possible impact of these preferences and suggests there is a need to extend the metadiscourse knowledge of doctoral students in terms of lexical bundles.
Children as agents of language change
Authors: Sanz-Sánchez Israel , Moyna María Irene
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the operation of child language acquisition as a critical factor in some forms of language change. It proposes a sociohistorical model that incorporates the potential for young children to function as linguistic agents in certain environments, characterized by unpredictable variation in the input, lack of normative mechanisms, and the possibility for the emergence of peer networks among children. The model is then applied to explain a well-documented but poorly understood phonological change in the history of Latin American Spanish: the simplification of the system of sibilants in 16th-century Colonial Spanish. This change was nestled in ecological environments characterized by intense contact among L1 and L2 speakers of several varieties of Iberian and non-Iberian languages, as well as the rapid breakdown and reshaping of social networks. We argue that, in the absence of strong normative pressures, the advantages of certain options for early acquisition were crucial in the eventual creation and generalization of a new sociolinguistic norm. This study is methodologically innovative in that it combines not just archival evidence and sociohistorical information, but also present-day acquisitional data. The latter offers a piece often missing in sociohistorical accounts of language change.
Regularity of semantic change in Romance anatomical terms
Authors: Law James
Published: September 2022

While semantic change is notoriously idiosyncratic, cross-linguistic evidence suggests some general trends in the directions and mechanisms of semantic shifts. Notable among these are trends applying to the target domain of the human body, a domain that has received considerable attention due to its universality. However, broad surveys of many languages risk missing significant details. Data from theDictionnaire étymologique et cognitif des langues romanes(DECOLAR) on the etymologies of terms for 97 body parts in 14 Romance languages calls some proposed trends into question. In particular, counterexamples are found to a supposed unidirectional shift from visible parts to the wholes that include them. Analysis of individual changes reveals contextual factors that can cause a lexical trend to not apply. The findings contribute to a more complex model of metaphorization and metonymization, the primary processes involved in lexical semantic change.
Inheritance of Long Fins in Ornamental Koi Carp
Authors: Gomelsky Boris , Schneider Kyle J , Alsaqufi Ahmed S
Published: September 2022

Inheritance of long fins in ornamental koi carp Cyprinus carpio was studied. Fish segregations with regard to the presence or absence of long fins in two progenies were recorded and analyzed. In progeny 1, produced by crossing a long-fin koi female with a short-fin (wild-type) koi male, the observed segregation of long-fin fish : short-fin fish did not differ significantly from the 1:1 Mendelian ratio. In progeny 2, produced by crossing the same long-fin female with a long-fin male, the observed segregation of long-fin fish : short-fin fish did not differ significantly from the 3:1 Mendelian ratio. Based on these data, it was concluded that the appearance of long fins in koi is under the control of a dominant mutation of one gene (Lf/lf). Fish with genotypes LfLf and Lflf have long fins, while fish with genotype lflf do not have this trait. Since the appearance of long fins in koi is controlled by a dominant mutation, the development of a true-bred, long-fin line could be achieved only by identifying heterozygotes Lflf by means of test crosses and removing them from the stock.

Received April 14, 2010; accepted June 16, 2010
Effects of Structure, Forage, and Stocking Density on Juvenile Production of Alligator Gars in Outdoor Pools
Authors: Perschbacher Peter W
Published: September 2022

Populations of alligator gar Atractosteus spatula are greatly reduced, and interest has been shown in developing culture practices for fingerling production for restocking. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted on stocker-sized advanced fingerlings (>250 mm total length). Presence versus absence of physical structure and forage fish were tested against controls (no structure or forage) at two stocking densities (30,000/ha and 15,000/ha) in Arkansas. At 50 d posthatch (dph; July 8), ungraded 2.7-g alligator gars were stocked into 24 outdoor pools (diameter = 2.4 m, depth = 0.6 m). Fish in all pools were fed at 10% body weight/d (assuming 50% survival) with 1.5–2.5-mm steelhead floating pellets (45% protein). No grading was performed, and the study continued until fish grew to 300 mm. Fish were harvested on August 20 (92 dph). At termination, mean survival was significantly different for the high-density forage (72.2%) and the high-density structure treatments (27.8%), but differences in mean lengths and weights were not significant. Mean growth rates varied from 4.5 to 5.0 g/d.

Received July 13, 2010; accepted September 1, 2010
Evolution of the high-field-side radiation belts during the neon seeding plasma discharge in EAST tokamak
Authors: Xu Ji-Chan , Wang Liang , Xu Guo-Sheng , Duan Yan-Min , Meng Ling-Yi , Li Ke-Dong , Ding Fang , Liang Rui-Rong , Liu Jian-Bin
Published: September 2022

Divertor detachment achieved by injecting impurities or increasing density is always accompanied with various local radiation phenomena in the boundary or core plasma. This paper presents the formation and evolution of the high-field-side (HFS) radiation belts during the neon seeding plasma discharge in upper single null configuration with two directions of toroidal magnetic field in EAST tokamak. The neon mixed with deuterium seeding can induce the divertor detachment with strong radiation belts in the HFS scrape-off layer (SOL) region. With the increase of the radiation power, the plasma discharge will transit from H-mode to L-mode, and meanwhile the radiation belts move away from the near X-point to HFS SOL. When the radiation power is high enough, the radiation belts begin to move further to the other X-point along the HFS SOL, and even cause plasma disruption. The results indicate that the behavior of the radiation belts is related to the radiation power, plasma confinement performance and state of divertor detachment, which is useful for developing better feedback control methods to achieve high-performance radiative divertor operation mode.
Influence of coupling asymmetry on signal amplification in a three-node motif
Authors: Liang Xiaoming , Fang Chao , Zhang Xiyun , Lü Huaping
Published: September 2022

The three-node feedforward motif has been revealed to function as a weak signal amplifier. In this motif, two nodes (input nodes) receive a weak input signal and send it unidirectionally to the third node (output node). Here, we change the motif’s unidirectional couplings (feedforward) to bidirectional couplings (feedforward and feedback working together). We find that a small asymmetric coupling, in which the feedforward effect is stronger than the feedback effect, may enable the three-node motif to go through two distinct dynamic transitions, giving rise to a double resonant signal response. We present an analytical description of the double resonance, which agrees with the numerical findings.
Dynamical analysis for the sustained harvesting of microorganisms using flocculants in a random environment
Authors: Liu Rong , Ma Wanbiao
Published: September 2022

The use of flocculants to collect/extract microorganisms is of great practical significance for the development of the application of microorganisms. In this paper, a high-dimensional nonlinear stochastic differential equation model is constructed to describe the continuous culture of microorganisms with multiple nutrients and the flocculation process of microorganisms. The study of the dynamics of this model can provide feasible control strategies for the collection/extraction of microorganisms. The main theoretical results are sufficient conditions for the permanence and extinction of the stochastic differential equation model, which are also extensions of some results in the existing literatures. In addition, through numerical simulations, we vividly demonstrate the statistical characteristics of the stochastic differential equation model.
Adaptive multi-step piecewise interpolation reproducing kernel method for solving the nonlinear time-fractional partial differential equation arising from financial economics
Authors: Du Ming-Jing , Sun Bao-Jun , Kai Ge
Published: September 2022

This paper is aimed at solving the nonlinear time-fractional partial differential equation with two small parameters arising from option pricing model in financial economics. The traditional reproducing kernel (RK) method which deals with this problem is very troublesome. This paper proposes a new method by adaptive multi-step piecewise interpolation reproducing kernel (AMPIRK) method for the first time. This method has three obvious advantages which are as follows. Firstly, the piecewise number is reduced. Secondly, the calculation accuracy is improved. Finally, the waste time caused by too many fragments is avoided. Then four numerical examples show that this new method has a higher precision and it is a more timesaving numerical method than the others. The research in this paper provides a powerful mathematical tool for solving time-fractional option pricing model which will play an important role in financial economics.