bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Computational Framework for Organizing and Querying Cultural Heritage Archives
Authors: de Mooij Jan , Kurtan Can , Baas Jurian , Dastani Mehdi
Published: February 2022

Now that within the humanities more and more data sources have been created, a new opportunity is within reach: the searching of patterns spanning across data sources from archives, museums, and other cultural heritage institutes. These institutes adopt various digitization strategies based on differences in selection procedures. This results in heterogeneous data sources with a huge impact on the accessibility and interoperability of data within and between these distributed collections. We identify three interrelated challenges that researchers may encounter when querying such distributed data sources, namely
query formulation
,
source selection
, and
alignment of data sources
. We present a multiagent architecture to overcome these challenges and discuss a prototype implementation of the architecture by developing and integrating various technologies. To measure and validate the performance of integrated technologies that meet these three interrelated challenges, we propose a methodology for setting up and conducting experiments. We take an existing data source for which we can establish a baseline query result, against which we measure the precision and recall performance, and create various sets of data sources with realistic characteristics. We report on the results of a number of experiments that show the performance of the developed and integrated technologies.
Text Classification for Records Management
Authors: Franks Jason
Published: February 2022

Automatic classification of electronic records is necessary to address the brewing crisis in the recordkeeping discipline, caused by escalating data volumes and digital rights legislation. Current solutions usually employ expert systems that classify records based on their metadata, but this approach is becoming unfeasible due to the increased variety of records and a growing lack of metadata. Text classification is a promising alternative now that the records themselves are machine readable. In this study, the performance of traditional text classification techniques was compared to newer natural language processing technologies in a series of experiments using authentic records data. While the latest Transformer language models showed superior classification skill, traditional methods still perform well. These results were discussed by a focus group of record managers, who believe that text classification can help them manage risk and meet compliance obligations. This is a first step toward aspirations of being able to synthesize narrative from a corpus of records.
Toward a Holistic Approach to the Socio-historical Analysis of Vernacular Photos
Authors: Stacchio Lorenzo , Angeli Alessia , Lisanti Giuseppe , Calanca Daniela , Marfia Gustavo
Published: February 2022

Although one of the most popular practices in photography since the end of the 19th century, an increase in scholarly interest in family photo albums dates back to the early 1980s. Such collections of photos may reveal sociological and historical insights regarding specific cultures and times. They are, however, in most cases scattered among private homes and only available on paper or photographic film, thus making their collection and analysis by historians, socio-cultural anthropologists, and cultural theorists very cumbersome. Computer-based methodologies could aid such a process in various ways, speeding up the cataloging step, for example, with the use of modern computer vision techniques. We here investigate such an approach, introducing the design and development of a multimedia application that may automatically catalog vernacular pictures drawn from family photo albums. To this aim, we introduce the IMAGO dataset, which is composed of photos belonging to family albums assembled at the University of Bologna’s Rimini campus since 2004. Exploiting the proposed application, IMAGO has offered the opportunity of experimenting with photos taken between the years 1845 and 2009. In particular, it has been possible to estimate their socio-historical content, i.e., the dates and contexts of the images, without resorting to any other sources of information. Exceeding our initial expectations, such an approach has revealed its merit not only in terms of performance but also in terms of the foreseeable implications for the benefit of socio-historical research. To the best of our knowledge, this contribution is among the few that move along this path at the intersection of socio-historical studies, multimedia computing, and artificial intelligence.
Serverless Computing: A Survey of Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications
Authors: Shafiei Hossein , Khonsari Ahmad , Mousavi Payam
Published: February 2022

The emerging serverless computing paradigm has attracted attention from both academia and industry. This paradigm brings benefits such as less operational complexity, a pay-as-you-go pricing model, and an auto-scaling feature. The paradigm opens up new opportunities and challenges for cloud application developers. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the past development as well as the recent advances in research areas related to serverless computing. First, we survey serverless applications introduced in the literature. We categorize applications in eight domains and separately discuss the objectives and the viability of the serverless paradigm along with challenges in each of those domains. We then classify those challenges into nine topics and survey the proposed solutions. Finally, we present the areas that need further attention from the research community and identify open problems.
Revisiting Local Descriptor for Improved Few-Shot Classification
Authors: He Jun , Hong Richang , Liu Xueliang , Xu Mingliang , Sun Qianru
Published: February 2022

Few-shot classification studies the problem of quickly adapting a deep learner to understanding novel classes based on few support images. In this context, recent research efforts have been aimed at designing more and more complex classifiers that measure similarities between query and support images but left the importance of feature embeddings seldom explored. We show that the reliance on sophisticated classifiers is not necessary, and a simple classifier applied directly to improved feature embeddings can instead outperform most of the leading methods in the literature. To this end, we present a new method, named DCAP, for few-shot classification, in which we investigate how one can improve the quality of embeddings by leveraging
Dense Classification and Attentive Pooling (DCAP)
. Specifically, we propose to train a learner on base classes with abundant samples to solve dense classification problem first and then meta-train the learner on plenty of randomly sampled few-shot tasks to adapt it to few-shot scenario or the test time scenario. During meta-training, we suggest to pool feature maps by applying attentive pooling instead of the widely used global average pooling to prepare embeddings for few-shot classification. Attentive pooling learns to reweight local descriptors, explaining what the learner is looking for as evidence for decision making. Experiments on two benchmark datasets show the proposed method to be superior in multiple few-shot settings while being simpler and more explainable. Code is publicly available at
https://github.com/Ukeyboard/dcap/
.
Multi-view Shape Generation for a 3D Human-like Body
Authors: Yu Hang , Cheang Chilam , Fu Yanwei , Xue Xiangyang
Published: February 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) human-like body reconstruction via a single RGB image has attracted significant research attention recently. Most of the existing methods rely on the Skinned Multi-Person Linear model and thus can only predict unified human bodies. Moreover, meshes reconstructed by current methods sometimes perform well from a canonical view but not from other views, as the reconstruction process is commonly supervised by only a single view. To address these limitations, this article proposes a multi-view shape generation network for a 3D human-like body. Particularly, we propose a coarse-to-fine learning model that gradually deforms a template body toward the ground truth body. Our model utilizes the information of multi-view renderings and corresponding 3D vertex transformation as supervision. Such supervision will help to generate 3D bodies well aligned to all views. To accurately operate mesh deformation, a graph convolutional network structure is introduced to support the shape generation from 3D vertex representation. Additionally, a graph up-pooling operation is designed over the intermediate representations of the graph convolutional network, and thus our model can generate 3D shapes with higher resolution. Novel loss functions are employed to help optimize the whole multi-view generation model, resulting in smoother surfaces. In addition, two multi-view human body datasets are produced and contributed to the community. Extensive experiments conducted on the benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our model over the competitors.
A Novel GAPG Approach to Automatic Property Generation for Formal Verification: The GAN Perspective
Authors: Gao Honghao , Dai Baobin , Miao Huaikou , Yang Xiaoxian , Barroso Ramon J. Duran , Walayat Hussain
Published: February 2022

Formal methods have been widely used to support software testing to guarantee correctness and reliability. For example, model checking technology attempts to ensure that the verification property of a specific formal model is satisfactory for discovering bugs or abnormal behavior from the perspective of temporal logic. However, because automatic approaches are lacking, a software developer/tester must manually specify verification properties. A generative adversarial network (GAN) learns features from input training data and outputs new data with similar or coincident features. GANs have been successfully used in the image processing and text processing fields and achieved interesting and automatic results. Inspired by the power of GANs, in this article, we propose a GAN-based automatic property generation (GAPG) approach to generate verification properties supporting model checking. First, the verification properties in the form of computational tree logic (CTL) are encoded and used as input to the GAN. Second, we introduce regular expressions as grammar rules to check the correctness of the generated properties. These rules work to detect and filter meaningless properties that occur because the GAN learning process is uncontrollable and may generate unsuitable properties in real applications. Third, the learning network is further trained by using labeled information associated with the input properties. These are intended to guide the training process to generate additional new properties, particularly those that map to corresponding formal models. Finally, a series of comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed GAPG method can obtain new verification properties from two aspects: (1) using only CTL formulas and (2) using CTL formulas combined with Kripke structures.
Study and Design Analysis of Hazard Removal and Reinforcement Scheme of a Bridge Diversion Sluice
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Hongmei , Ning Zuojun , Zhang Heng , Gong Houjie , Park SangSook , Dong Huancheng , Zhang Dali , Zhu Hefeng , Du Xinrong , Wang Runkai
Published: February 2022

Most of the existing sluices in China have been in operation for more than 40 years, and the aging problem is becoming increasingly prominent. The selection of reinforcement schemes for sluices in vulnerable conditions is of great significance to the whole project. A reasonable reinforcement scheme can ensure their safe operation and reduce unnecessary resource investment. This study focuses on the diversion gate of a bridge in China that through aging has emerged insufficient capacity of downstream energy dissipation and scour prevention, severe scour of the diversion dike foundation, and insufficient flood control and rescue capacity. Two reinforcement schemes are examined by analyzing the engineering parameters of the bridge diversion sluice and the necessity of engineering construction, namely, raising the flood discharge level and increasing the width of the overflow section. In this study, Super Decisions software was first used to simulate the reinforcement scheme of the bridge diversion sluice, calculate the weight of the factors, and obtain the optimization scheme from the two aforementioned reinforcement schemes, which was based on the analytic network process (ANP), and the related factors affecting the reinforcement scheme of the bridge diversion sluice are determined and evaluated. The relevant calculation and analyses of the optimization scheme are conducted using ANSYS finite‐element software. The selection process of reinforcement scheme for such sluices provides a reference for other similar projects.
Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiac Arrest: Utilization of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Alabre-Bonsu Alisha , Uppal Saurav , Mazzaferri Ernest L. , Boudoulas Konstantinos Dean
Published: February 2022

A 44-year-old male with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to an acute left ventricular (LV) inferoposterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) involving the right ventricle (RV) is presented. This case highlights the challenges in the management of patients with cardiac arrest, indications for use of ventricular assist devices, potential effects of LV assist devices on the RV in the setting of RV MI, and culprit versus complete coronary artery revascularization in these patients.
Study on the Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Cotton Stalk Fiber Heat-Insulating Shotcrete
Authors: Liu Guangcheng , Yao Weijing , Pang Jianyong
Published: February 2022

In this study, heat-insulating shotcrete with excellent performance was developed to effectively reduce the thermal conductivity and meet the strength requirements of shotcrete in high ground temperature roadways. Ceramsite and pottery sand were used to replace 5% and 10% of sand and stone, respectively. The shotcrete was composed of cotton rod fiber treated with polyvinyl alcohol solution (SH adhesive) and other materials in a certain mix ratio. The working, mechanical, and heat insulation properties of the shotcrete were investigated by compressive strength, splitting tensile, thermal conductivity, electron microscope scanning, and X-ray diffraction tests. The results showed that the optimum content of the cotton stalk fiber was 2 kg/m3. The compressive strength and the splitting tensile properties were excellent, and the strength attained the maximum value. The performance of shotcrete increased with an increase in the cotton stalk fiber content. The thermal conductivity curve decreased smoothly when the cotton stalk fiber content exceeded 2 kg/m3. Furthermore, when the cotton stalk fiber content was 0–2 kg/m3, the internal cotton stalk fiber was tightly wrapped by the hydrate, and the mechanical properties were enhanced. Moreover, when the cotton stalk fiber content was 2-3 kg/m3, a clustering phenomenon occurred, and the compressive and tensile strengths were reduced. The hydration reaction of the cement mixed with cotton stalk fiber was normal, and the reinforced reticulated porous structure was formed with ceramsite in the concrete matrix, improving the strength of the concrete and reducing the thermal conductivity.
Robotic and Microrobotic Tools for Dental Therapy
Authors: Cheng Chen , Yinan Xue , Zongxin Xie , Lei Shi , Yanan Xue , Yanli Yang
Published: February 2022

Robotic and microrobotic tools such as dental operating microscopes and dental endoscopes are being used extensively in dental therapy, which have a significant impact on dental therapy and education. Herein, this paper reviews the state of the art of robotic and microrobotic tools for dental therapy. This article starts with a brief introduction of current robotic and microrobotic tools for dental therapy and then displays their applications in various dental problems; strengths and weaknesses are also surveyed. Lastly, the conclusion and outlook are discussed, referring to the emerging dental clinic problems and demands. This review is expected to provide guidelines for the therapeutic application of robotic and microrobotic tools and to promote the development of robots in dentistry.
The Reform of Engineering Professional Online Education Courses by Artificial Intelligence and Wireless Network Technology in the Context of Engineering Certification
Authors: Che Chang , Luo Qiubin , Mao Yan
Published: February 2022

The problems existing in the online education courses of engineering majors in colleges and universities are studied, and the online education platform under the background of engineering certification is designed and researched. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology and wireless network technology are used in the in-depth study of online education courses. In terms of AI, the storage of data is specifically divided into three levels, namely, the source layer (operational data layer), the historical storage layer, and the data model layer. Data analysis includes the total number of data, spatial scope, and period, etc. The results show that the overall response time of the designed platform to the operation of university teachers and students is controlled within 3 s. The test results of two online education platforms show that the performance of the designed online education platform is relatively stable. It provides hardware support for online curriculum reform. In addition, in terms of the platform test pass rate, after many tests, the online education platform security test pass rate is above 98%. In the end, these conclusions are drawn: AI technology and wireless network technology can effectively improve the performance of online education platforms. Meanwhile, this can also further improve the learning efficiency of online education courses for college engineering students.
Mixed Convection Squeezing Flow of Nanofluids in a Rotating Channel with Thermal Radiation
Authors: Bu Wankui , Xu Hui , Khan Ilyas , Ullah Khan Sheikh Irfan , Zeb Anwar
Published: February 2022

In the present study, 3‐dimensional squeezing movement in a circling conduit under the stimulus effective Prandtl number with the aid of thermal radiation is taken into account. Water and ethylene glycol are the base fluids along with gamma‐alumina nanoparticles. The coupled nonlinear system of PDEs is transformed into a system of ODEs with the support of some appropriate resemblance alterations. Then, the explanation was obtained numerically by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method. The emerging parameters such as quotient of the electric magnetic field to viscous forces (M), Prandtl number (Pr), and Reynolds number (Re), along with physical parameters such as the Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient, will be integrated graphically. The Prandtl number is important for regulating the momentum and thermal boundary layers. As a result, the effect of the effective Prandtl number on the nanoboundary layer and laminar incompressible flow of γAl2O3 − H2O and γAl2O3 − C2H6O2 nanoparticles is considered. The impact of the radiation parameter (Rd) favors the temperature distribution. Furthermore, the thermal conductance enriches with the enhancement of solid volume fraction.
Theoretical Study of the Chemical Properties and the Reaction Pathway of Decarbonylative Alkylative Esterification of Styrenes with Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Madahi Meysam , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Ahmadi Sayed Ali
Published: February 2022

Using inexpensive and available aliphatic aldehydes as an alkyl source is a useful and cost-effective way to extend the chain of benzyl esters; this decarbonylative alkylative esterification of styrene derivatives has been used for organic synthesis and medical chemistry. A cocatalyzed decarbonylative alkylative esterification of styrene derivatives with aliphatic aldehydes and iodobenzenediacetate to provide chain elongated benzoates was investigated by the density functional theory, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis has been used. The chemical properties and the reaction pathway between styrene and aldehyde derivatives in the presence of PhI(OAc)2 and Co(OAc)2 have been studied. Chemical properties of styrene and aldehyde derivatives for detecting the stability of products were studied using HOMO and LUMO, potential electronic chemical, global hardness, and global electrophilicity power. The molecular electron potential results show that the styrene and its derivatives are electron donors and aldehyde derivatives are electron acceptors. The localized orbital locator, electron location function analysis, and quantum theory of atoms in the molecule have been used to study the active sites for interactions between reactants. The decarbonylative alkylative esterification was restricted exclusively to cobalt catalysts. The step of ligand exchange was the rate-determining step for this reaction.
Truck Dispatching Optimization Model and Algorithm Based on 0-1 Decision Variables
Authors: Wang Zhongxin , Wang Jinjin , Zhao Ming , Guo Qiang , Zeng Xiangyu , Xin Fengyang , Zhou Hao
Published: February 2022

This study established a truck dispatching model adopting 0-1 decision variables to rationally allocate truck transportation in open-pit mines, maximize the total loading and unloading volume of trucks, and solve the problem of the inability of the truck dispatching model to guide production in open-pit mines because of nonspecific results. The model considers loading and unloading logical relationships, working time constraints, loading and unloading volume constraints, traffic flow constraints, and loading and unloading capacity constraints to maximize the total loading and unloading volume. The operation of trucks between loading and unloading sites is taken as the decision variable. The results show multiple transportation routings of all trucks between loading and unloading sites in working time. Double decision variables are used to solve the expression problem of constraints. The mathematical model is solved using Lingo. The proposed algorithm was then used to optimize the truck dispatching. The application result of the total loading and unloading volume was 10950.6 m3, and the total loading and unloading number was 384. The optimization result could guide production effectively.
Safety Training Monitoring System of Ski Resort Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Lin Zhidong , Fu Yanmin , Deng Xuefeng
Published: February 2022

With the gradual rise in China’s ski industry, skiing is now the most common sport among winter outdoor sports, which is closely related to the origin of safety issues. Based on the ski resort, training is the key to safety detection, only to ensure the safety of training personnel and to maintain the momentum of high-speed development of skiing sports for a long time. The monitoring system plays an important role in the wireless sensor network monitoring system. Common monitoring systems are used for agriculture, smart home, and outdoor environment monitoring systems, most of which are professional fields. Based on the safety of ski resorts, this paper puts forward the research of ski training safety system based on the wireless sensor. In the research of ski training detection system based on the wireless sensor network, first, the safety system of domestic ski resort is analyzed and detailed suggestions are given. Then, this paper studies the routing protocol of wireless communication technology in detail and compares the service life and energy consumption of nodes under the use of two different routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. According to the data experiment in this paper, LEACH-MH protocol has great advantages over the LEACH protocol. The LEACH-MH protocol detects 185 more rounds than the LEACH protocol in the total detection lifetime. In the detection of energy consumption of 100 m ∗ 100 m, the LEACH protocol consumes 50J in 400 rounds, while the LEACH-MH protocol consumes only 50J in 760 rounds.
Equation of State Determination for Rhenium Using First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Calculations and High-Pressure Experiments
Authors: Ono Shigeaki
Published: February 2022

The room-temperature bulk modulus of rhenium (Re) was measured in the pressure range 0 to 115 GPa using a laser-annealing diamond anvil cell and the synchrotron X-ray diffraction method. Thermal properties of Re were investigated up to 4000 K based on first-principles molecular dynamics calculations, and the equation of state for Re was determined using experimental and calculated data. A Vinet equation of state fitted to the 300 K data yielded a bulk modulus of KT0 = 384 GPa and a pressure derivative of

K

T
0

′

 = 3.26. The contribution of thermal pressure was determined to have the form ΔPth = [αKT(Va) + (∂KT/∂T)Vln(Va/V)]ΔT. When αKT(Va) was assumed to be constant, the fit to the data yielded αKT(Va) = 0.0056 GPa/K. In contrast, the volume dependence of the thermal pressure was very small, and fitting yielded a value of (∂KT/∂T)V = −0.00042.
Development and Validation of a Necroptosis-Related Prognostic Model in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhijing , Hu Xinglin , Qiu Dan , Sun Yuchen , Lei Lei
Published: February 2022

Necroptosis is a new regulated cell-death mechanism that plays a critical role in various cancers. However, few studies have considered necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) as prognostic indexes for cancer. As one of the most common cancers in the world, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lacks effective diagnostic strategies at present. Hence, a series of novel prognostic indexes are required to support clinical diagnosis. Recently, many studies have confirmed that necroptosis was a key regulated mechanism in HNSCC, but no systematic study has ever studied the correlation between necroptosis-related signatures and the prognosis of HNSCC. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to construct a risk model of necroptosis-related signatures for HNSCC. We acquired 159 NRGs from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and compared them with samples of normal tissue downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), ultimately screening 38 differentially expressed NRGs (DE-NRGs). Then, by Cox regression analysis, we successfully identified 7 NRGs as prognostic factors. We next separated patients into high- and low-risk groups via the prognostic model consisting of 7 NRGs. Individuals in the high-risk group had much shorter overall survival (OS) times than their counterparts. Furthermore, using Cox regression analysis, we confirmed the necroptosis-related prognostic model to be an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis proved the predictive ability of this model. Finally, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets (GSE65858, GSE4163) were used as independent databases to verify the model’s predictive ability, and similar results obtained from two data sets confirmed our conclusion. Collectively, in this study, we first referred to necroptosis-related signatures as an independent prognostic model for cancer via bioinformatics measures, and the necroptosis-related prognostic model we constructed could precisely forecast the OS time of patients with HNSCC. Utilizing the model may significantly improve the diagnostic rate and provide a series of new targets for treatment in the future.
The Role of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and the Regulatory Effect of Baicalin on It
Authors: Lai Nannan , Fu Xiaoxiao , Hei Guozhen , Song Weiwei , Wei Ran , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Guo Qiang , Zhang Zhen , Chu Chu , Xu Ke , Li Xia
Published: February 2022

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a relevant complication of pregnancy. Aberrant dendritic cell (DC) activities and differentiation have been identified to be involved in RSA, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Baicalin from Radix Scutellariae possesses a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. However, the effect of baicalin on DC function in RSA has not been investigated. Here, we analyzed the changes of peripheral and maternal-fetal interface DC subsets and function in patients and mice with RSA, respectively. Then, we further treated RSA mice with baicalin and analyzed the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism. We found that DCs from the peripheral blood and decidua of RSA patients and the maternal-fetal of RSA mice were all polarized to conventional DCs, whose proportion was positively correlated with the mice embryo absorption rate. Moreover, DCs from RSA patients and mice showed increased expression of HLA-DR/MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 but decreased expression of CD274 and 33D1. Importantly, baicalin could alleviate embryo resorption of RSA mice by reversing conventional DCs to plasmacytoid DCs and functional molecule expression via inhibiting the STAT5-ID2 pathway. Our research further proved that DCs play an important role in the pathogenesis of RSA and baicalin might be used for treating RSA.
Treatment with the 5-Lipoxygenase Antagonist Zileuton Protects Mice from Postoperative Ileus
Authors: Enderes Jana , Mallesh Shilpashree , Stein Kathy , Wagner Melissa , Lysson Mariola , Schneiker Bianca , Kalff Joerg C. , Wehner Sven
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Previous work of our group showed that lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways become activated upon surgical manipulation of the bowel wall and revealed a beneficial immune modulating role of the LOX-derived anti-inflammatory mediator protectin DX in postoperative ileus (POI). While we found a particular role of 12/15-LOX in the anti-inflammatory LOX action during POI, the role of 5-LOX, which produces the pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4), remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of 5-LOX within the pathogenesis of POI in a mouse model. Methods: POI was induced by intestinal manipulation (IM) of the small bowel in C57BL/6, 5-LOX−/−, and CX3CR1GFP/+. Mice were either treated with a vehicle or with the synthetic 5-LOX antagonist zileuton or were left untreated. Cellular localization of 5-LOX and LTB4 release were visualized by immunofluorescence or ELISA, respectively. POI severity was quantified by gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and leukocyte extravasation into the muscularis externa (ME) by immunohistochemistry. Results: 5-LOX expression was detected 24 h after IM within infiltrating leukocytes in the ME. LTB4 levels increased during POI in wild type but not in 5-LOX−/− after IM. POI was ameliorated in 5-LOX−/− as shown by decreased leukocyte numbers and normalized GIT. Zileuton normalized the postoperative GIT and reduced the numbers of infiltrating leukocytes into the ME. Discussion/Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that 5-LOX and its metabolite LTB4 play a crucial role in POI. Genetic deficiency of 5-LOX and pharmacological antagonism by zileuton protected mice from POI. 5-LOX antagonism might be a promising target for prevention of POI in surgical patients.
Nebenwirkungsprofil von Prednisolon und Methotrexat bei Patienten mit Sarkoidose
Authors: Kahn Nicolas Carlos
Published: February 2022

Currently prednisone is the first-line pharmacological treatment option for pulmonary sarcoidosis. Methotrexate is used as second-line therapy and seems to have fewer side-effects. No prospective comparative studies of first-line treatment with methotrexate exist. In this study, we evaluated patient reported presence and bothersomeness of side-effects of prednisone and methotrexate in a sarcoidosis population to guide the design of a larger prospective study. During a yearly patient information meeting 67 patients completed a questionnaire on medication use; 11 patients never used prednisone or methotrexate and were excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 56 patients, 89% used prednisone and 70% methotrexate (present or former). Significantly more side-effects were reported for prednisone than for methotrexate, 78% versus 49% (p = 0.006). In conclusion, methotrexate seems to have fewer and less bothersome side-effects than prednisone. These findings need to be confirmed in a prospective study.
Multiples Myelom: Ixazomib, Daratumumab und niedrig dosiertes Dexamethason bei gebrechlichen Patienten
Authors: Brioli Annamaria
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Frail patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma have an inferior outcome, mainly because of a high discontinuation rate due to toxicity. We designed a phase II trial specifically for frail patients, evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of ixazomib-daratumumab-low-dose-dexamethasone (Ixa-Dara-dex). Methods: Sixty-five patients, who were frail according to the International Myeloma Working Group frailty index, were treated with nine induction cycles Ixa-Dara-dex followed by maintenance with Ixa-Dara for a maximum of 2 years. Results: The overall response rate on induction therapy was 78%. After a median follow-up of 22.9 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13.8 months and 12-month overall survival (OS) was 78%. Median PFS and 12-month OS were 21.6 months and 92% in patients who were frail based on age > 80 years alone, versus 13.8 months and 78%, and 10.1 months and 70% in patients who were frail based on additional frailty parameters either ≤ 80 or > 80 years of age, respectively. In 51% of patients, induction therapy had to be discontinued prematurely, of which 6% because of noncompliance to study treatment, 9% because of toxicity, and 9% because of death (8% within 2 months, of which 80% because of toxicity). Quality of life improved during induction treatment, being clinically meaningful already after three induction cycles. Conclusion: Ixa-Dara-dex lead to a high response rate and improved quality of life. However, treatment discontinuation because of toxicity and early mortality, negatively influencing PFS and OS, remains a concern in frail patients. The outcome was heterogeneous across frail subpopulations. This should be taken into account in the design and interpretation of future studies in frail patients, to pave the way for more precise treatment guidance.
What Has Changed in Patients Aged 65 and over Diagnosed with Breast Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Soyder Aykut , Güldoğan Nilgün , Isıklar Aysun , Arıbal Erkin , Başaran Gül
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has a worldwide negative impact on healthcare systems. This study aims to determine how the diagnosis, clinicopathological features, and treatment approaches of patients with breast cancer (BC) diagnosed at ≥65 years old were affected during the pandemic. This survey has shown that patients, especially the elderly, had to postpone their BC health problems or delay their routine controls due to the risk of COVID-19 transmission, high mortality rates due to comorbidity, and restrictions. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 153 patients with BC diagnosed at ≥65 years old before (January–December 2019; group A, n = 61) and during (March 2020–May 2021; group B, n = 92) the COVID-19 pandemic were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, clinicopathological features of patients, including age, admission form, clinical stage, tumor (T) size-grade-histology-subtype, lymph node involvement, surgery type, and treatment protocols, were evaluated. Results: Patients mostly applied for screening purposes were included in group A and patients who frequently applied for diagnostic purposes due to their existing BC or other complaints were included in group B (p = 0.009). Group B patients had a higher clinical stage (p = 0.026) and had commonly larger (p = 0.020) and high-grade (p = 0.001) Ts. Thus, mastectomy and neoadjuvant systemic therapy were more commonly performed in group B (p = 0.041 and p = 0.005). Conclusion: The survey showed significant changes in BC diagnosis and treatment protocols for patients diagnosed at ≥65 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic. Postponing screening and delaying treatment leads to more advanced BC stages in elderly patients.
Efficacy and Safety of Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Child-Pugh Class B: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ishii Masatsugu , Itano Osamu , Iwamoto Hideki , Hibi Taizo , Itano Satoshi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Although many treatment options are available for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and Child-Pugh (CP) class A, those for patients with CP class B remain limited. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in patients with advanced HCC and CP class B. Methods: Sixty patients who received HAIC with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin at Kurume Chuo Hospital between April 2012 and March 2021 were recruited. Cisplatin (30 mg administered over 2 h) and 5-fluorouracil (1,250 mg, 72-h constant infusion) were administered to the tumor-feeding artery every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), while the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival and adverse effects. Results: Among the 60 patients, CP class A and class B were noted in 30 patients each. OS did not significantly differ between the two classes. After 4 weeks of HAIC with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, 12 patients in the class B group exhibited improved CP scores (CPSs) relative to those at the start of treatment. There was a significant difference in OS between patients whose CPSs had improved and those whose scores remained unchanged or had worsened. Conclusions: HAIC using 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin is effective and safe for patients with CP class B, and improvements in CPSs after 4 weeks of this therapy may represent a predictive marker of treatment efficacy regardless of pretreatment CPS in patients with CP class B.
ВИБІРКОВА ДИСЦИПЛІНА ЯК ЗАПОРУКА ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РІВНЯ
Authors: Корильчук Н. І.
Published: February 2022

У статті представлений досвід викладання вибіркової дисципліни. Програма з дисципліни «Практична дієтологія. Типологічні особливості харчової поведінки людини» для студентів медичних закладів вищої освіти України ІІІ–ІV рівнів акредитації складена для галузі знань 22 «Охорона здоров’я», спеціальності 222 «Медицина» (другий магістерський рівень вищої освіти) із кваліфікацією «Лікар», відповідно до навчального плану підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти другого (магістерського) рівня відповідних кваліфікацій та спеціальностей у закладах вищої освіти МОЗ України з урахуванням стандарту вищої освіти другого (магістерського) рівня підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти, робочих навчальних планів, обговорених і затверджених на засіданні вченої ради Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України 27.04.2021 р. (протокол № 24) та введених у дію наказом від 27.04.2021 р. № 186. Вивчення дисципліни «Практична дієтологія. Типологічні особливості харчової поведінки людини» закладає принципи людиноцентрованого підходу в медичному контексті, розвиває навички побудови довіри у відносинах із пацієнтом, формує бачення суб’єктності і кордонів особи, розкриває можливі бар’єри комунікації, виробляє переконання важливості співчуття та емпатії, закладає розуміння холістичного підходу, включає питання профілактики емоційного вигорання лікаря.
Метою викладання навчальної дисципліни «Практична дієтологія. Типологічні особливості харчової поведінки людини» є забезпечення підготовки висококваліфікованих фахівців у галузі охорони здоров’я шляхом опанування основних компетентностей лікаря у сфері харчування.
Також висвітлено основні проблемні питання при вивченні зазначеної дисципліни та показано шляхи їх вирішення.
МІЖДИСЦИПЛІНАРНА ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ – ОСНОВА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ СПРЯМОВАНОСТІ НАВЧАННЯ У МЕДИЧНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Паласюк Б. М.
Published: February 2022

У статті розглянуто роль міждисциплінарної інтеграції як необхідної складової навчального процесу в системі медичної освіти, що дає змогу доповнити зміст однієї дисципліни знаннями з іншої та обґрунтовує можливість комплексного вирішення завдань медичної практики методом широкого інтегрування набутої під час вивчення різноманітних дисциплін інформації. Багаторічний досвід викладання навчальної дисципліни «Латинська мова та медична термінологія» свідчить про наявність тісних інтеграційних зв’язків з іншими дисциплінами, насамперед, анатомією людини, фармакологією, біологією тощо, а також у контексті значення латинської мови для формування термінологічної компетентності майбутніх медиків з усіма дисциплінами, які студенти вивчають на старших курсах. Сучасна анатомічна термінологія  складається переважно з латинських термінів, тому формування на заняттях з латинської мови умінь правильного читання анатомічних термінів, засвоєння основ латинської граматики, необхідної лексики і греко-латинських словотворчих елементів сприяє виробленню навичок грамотного використання анатомічних номенклатурних найменувань і дозволяє студентам використовувати набуті теоретичні знання на заняттях з анатомії. Метою вивчення розділу «Фармацевтична термінологія» у курсі латинської мови є навчити студентів правильно виписувати рецепти на різні форми ліків, сприяти усвідомленому засвоєнню і вживанню фармацевтичних термінів і таким чином сформувати термінологічну основу для вивчення предмета «Фармакологія». Під час вивчення клінічної термінології студенти вчаться формулювати прості медичні діагнози, засвоюють загальні вислови, які описують властивості стану хвороби і способи її лікування.
THE GOOGLE SERVICES USING DURING THE STUDY OF “UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE (FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES)” FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL SPECIALTIES
Authors: Zalipska I. Ya. , Sverstiuk A. S.
Published: February 2022

The modern educational space is constantly changing, looking for new and interesting forms of learning and providing the process of acquiring knowledge. Higher education is being reformed, in particular, innovative methods and means of providing educational services are emerging, the structure of classes and forms of organization of various types of work are changing. It is noted that technical and informational means of training play a key role in the system of training future specialists. In addition, the Internet is an important auxiliary structural element in the work of the teacher. The article presents educational, informative and methodical materials necessary for studying the discipline “Ukrainian language (for professional purposes)”. The complex of tasks is aimed at the development of students’ communicative skills and abilities: to research of lexical and grammatical categories of modern Ukrainian literature languages for optimal language behavior in the professional sphere; to master terminological vocabulary, skills of work with highly specialized dictionaries; to analyze the feasibility of using lexical, morphological, syntactic language means in accordance with communicative intentions; to master the oral and written norms of speech etiquette in professional activities doctor; to learn to differentiate the functional styles of modern Ukrainian literature languages ​in general and get acquainted with the distinctive features of the scientific medical text.
The proposed system of tasks will help to master the skills and abilities to communicate orally and in writing in accordance with the goals and social norms of speech behavior in professional spheres and situations. It was analyzed how to improve the education quality of medical students studying of the “Ukrainian language (for professional purposes)”, using Google services. It was suggested that Gmail, Google forms, Google Docs, Google Slides, Blogger can be effectively used in education for communication between academic staff and their students, as well as improve the quality and availability of their training resources. The materials described in the article are intended for Ukrainian students of medical specialties.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ТЕМИ «ЛЮДИ І РЕЧІ НАВКОЛО НАС» НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ З УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ: МЕТОДИЧНА РОЗРОБКА ДЛЯ ВИКЛАДАЧА
Authors: Новіцька О. І. , Гнатишин С. І.
Published: February 2022

У статті представлено методичну розробку заняття з української мови як іноземної для викладачів закладів вищої освіти. Розглядаються 4 етапи практичного заняття, що сприяли розвитку живого, спонтанного мовлення студентів, розвитку уваги та когнітивного мислення, що дозволили закріпити необхідний лексичний мінімум, повторити пройдений синтаксичний і граматичний матеріал тощо. Мовне наповнення навчально-тренувальних вправ підпорядковане комунікативному підходу до навчання, який визначив наявність на занятті завдань, призначених для формування та розвитку різних видів мовленнєвої діяльності – слухання, говоріння, читання та письма.
Сприйняття і розуміння нового матеріалу підсилювалося тим, що комплексно задіяно зорову (відеосупровід і роздатковий матеріал), слухову (пояснення викладача) і механічну пам’ять (запис студентами слів і словосполучень у зошити). Робота з текстом є важливою не лише для застосування на практиці граматичних знань, формування правильної вимови чи наголошування слів, а й для ознайомлення іноземних студентів із українською культурою, її традиціями і виховання в них поваги до нашої нації і держави.
Знання лексики, вміння будувати монологічні висловлювання, ініціювати й вести діалог-розпитування на запропоновану тему, навички узгоджувати прикметники, особові та присвійні займенники з іменниками у роді, числі й відмінку дозволять забезпечити реалізацію комунікативних потреб іноземних студентів у різних сферах спілкування: побутовій, соціально-культурній, офіційно-діловій, навчально-професійній.
Професійне спрямування вивчення цієї теми полягає у формуванні українськомовної фахової компетентності майбутнього спеціаліста, здатного брати участь у діалоговій комунікації, розв’язувати комунікативні завдання у сфері професійної діяльності.
Розроблена система вправ відповідає програмі навчальної дисципліни «Українська мова як іноземна» для студентів спеціальності 222 «Медицина».
CRITERIA AND LEVELS OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE
Authors: Vorona І. І. , Kolodnytska O. D.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of diagnosing the level of formation of the professional communicative culture of future physicians. The description of the criteria, indicators, and levels of formation of the professional communicative culture of future physicians determined in the course of the study, is presented on the basis of the integration of pedagogical, psychological, and linguistic studies. A brief substantiation and characteristics of certain criteria (motivational, cognitive, personal value, and practical performance) and their indicators are given. The levels of formation of the professional communicative culture of future physicians were defined: high, medium, low.
The formation of the motivational criterion is the starting point for the existence of the professional communicative culture of the future specialist since this phenomenon cannot arise outside the student motivation. Motivation for choosing a profession determines the choice of professional ideals, the formation of professional plans, self-analysis, self-esteem, and the personal exactingness towards himself/herself. It acts as the leading motive of education, stimulating the cognitive activity of students.
The cognitive criterion reflects the level of mastering the knowledge necessary for successful professional communication, which forms the theoretical basis of communication, serves as the basis for the development of practical communication skills.
The personal value criterion was determined on the basis of the formation of values that determine the value attitude of the person to the chosen profession, the presence of universal values and values of professional self-realization, testify to the understanding of the readiness to identify personal initiative and further professional growth.
The practical performance criterion determines the communicative culture of the future specialist. The level of professional skills is not only the practical embodiment of theoretical general cultural and professional knowledge but also their productive application in cognitive activity and the implementation of interpersonal and professional interaction at a high level of professional culture.