bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract Number: LBA6 Mechanical Thrombectomy for Basilar Artery Occlusion: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Elfil Mohamed , Ghozy Sherief , El‐Qushayri Amr Ehab , Dicpinigaitis Alis J , Al‐Mufti Fawaz
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is known to be associated with high rates of mortality and lifelong disability. In the past few years, two clinical trials (the BEST and the BASICS trials) investigated the benefits and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for BAO and did not provide evidence to support the efficacy of MT in BAO patients. Given the recent positive results from the ATTENTION and the BAOCHE clinical trials, we conducted this meta‐analysis to provide updated collective evidence regarding the benefits of MT in patients with BAO.

Methods

We searched for eligible papers till June 1st, 2021, in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases using keywords and/or medical subject (MeSH) terms. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with no restrictions on publication date, data, or language of the included studies to avoid missing any relevant papers. All data were analyzed using R software. We computed the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random‐effect model or fixed‐effect model depending on heterogeneity among the included studies. Heterogeneity was assessed with Q statistics and the I2 test considering it significant with I2 value > 50% or P‐value < 0.05.

Results

Four trials were included in this meta‐analysis, namely the BEST, the BASICS, the BAOCHE, and the ATTENTION trials. The four trials recruited a total of 988 patients. The MT group achieved a significantly higher rate of modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0–3 was as compared to the best medical treatment (BMT) one (RR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.16‐2.04; P‐value = 0.002). Similarly, the mRS 0–2 rate was significantly higher in the MT group as compared to the BMT group (RR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.09‐2.95; P‐value = 0.022). Nevertheless, heterogeneity was noticed amongst the included studies. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the 90‐day mortality in the MT group as compared to the BMT group (RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.65‐0.89; P‐value = 0.002). On the other hand, there was a significantly higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in the MT group compared to the BMT group (RR = 7.48; 95% CI = 2.27‐24.61; P‐value< 0.001). There with no heterogeneity observed in both outcomes of mortality and sICH. Noted that there were no significant differences in overall parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) and type I PH rates, yet type II PH was more prevalent in the MT group compared to the BMT one (RR = 5.53; 95% CI = 1.47‐20.84; P‐value = 0.011).

Conclusions

The current evidence favors MT for basilar artery occlusions over the conservative approach in terms of achieving higher rates of good functional outcomes and decreasing mortality rates. Further large‐scale trials of different populations are needed to corroborate these results and also to ensure generalizability.
Comparison Between In‐Hospital and Community‐Onset Stroke Treated With Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Dhillon Permesh Singh , Soo Emma , Butt Waleed , Nguyen Thanh N. , Barrett Emma , Podlasek Anna , McConachie Norman , Lenthall Robert , Nair Sujit , Malik Luqman , Cheema Chesvin , Bhogal Pervinder , Makalanda Hegoda Levansri Dilrukshan , James Martin A. , Dineen Robert A. , England Timothy J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Patients with acute ischemic stroke onset during hospital admission often have concurrent illnesses, increased underlying comorbidities and are often associated with a delayed recognition of stroke onset, compared with patients with stroke onset in the community (community‐onset stroke [COS]). Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large‐vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke has been proven to be effective, though the safety and feasibility of EVT among patients with in‐hospital stroke (IHS) onset remains undetermined. We aim to compare the workflow and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing EVT following IHS onset and COS.

Methods

Using data from a national stroke registry, we used propensity score‐matched individual‐level data of patients who underwent EVT, following IHS and COS, between October 2015 and March 2020. Univariate analysis was performed to assess the procedural, functional, and safety outcomes.

Results

We included 4353 patients (COS, 4104 [249 after propensity score matching]; IHS, 249 [249 after propensity score matching]). Compared with COS, patients with IHS had similar modified Rankin Scale on discharge (odds ratio [OR], 0.98 [95% CI, 0.72–1.34];
P
=0.96) and at 6 months (OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.71–2.24];
P
=0.48). No significant difference in achieving good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2 at discharge; 31.3% [IHS] versus 29.3% [COS]; OR,=1.10 [95% CI 0.74–1.60];
P
=0.61), successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b–3),
P
=0.82; or safety outcomes of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (
P
=0.64) and in‐hospital mortality (
P
=0.26) were demonstrated. Shorter time interval from stroke onset to imaging in the IHS group (IHS, 80±88 versus COS, 216±292 minutes) was observed. The imaging‐to‐arterial‐puncture time was not significantly different between the groups (IHS, 160±140 versus COS, 162±184 minutes;
P
=0.85).

Conclusions

EVT in patients with IHS is safe and feasible, with comparable functional and safety outcomes to patients with COS, in this national stroke registry. Continued efforts are required to improve the inpatient stroke workflow in recognizing stroke symptoms and initiating reperfusion treatment for eligible patients with IHS.
Global Inequality and the EU International Law Position on Cross-Border Data Flows
Authors: Brännström Leila
Published: April 2023

Relevant data resources are critical for ai-supported decision-making. Thus, control over data, and how that moves across borders, has become a key point of international dispute. This article analyses the EU’s international legal positionings regarding cross-border data flows in the context of an increasingly fierce global battle over data resources. It also asks whether the EU approach to data government, which is reflected in its international positionings, can contribute to address the pressing problem of the unequal distribution of the gains of the data driven economy in and among states. The article argues that EU’s approach to data government is ridden with contradictions and that its centrepiece, the data protection framework, is best understood as a non-performative. This non-performativity, together with the determination to climb up the ladders of global digital value chains, makes the EU’s position on cross-border data flows ambiguous and downgrades its punch in international negotiations.
Rubus lentianus, a new species from Austria and Germany—another piece of the puzzle from a European hotspot of Rubus series Radula
Authors: LEPŠÍ MARTIN , LEPŠÍ PETR , HOHLA MICHAEL , KIRÁLY GERGELY
Published: April 2023

A new nemophilous tetraploid bramble species, Rubus lentianus of the series Radula, occurring in Central Europe (Upper Austria and Lower Bavaria), is described. Deeply incised terminal leaflets of primocane leaves and a long, abruptly narrowing apex separate it from species of this series. An identification key, a distribution map, a list of revised specimens, a scan of the type specimen, pen drawings and photographs of living specimens are provided.
Typification and taxonomy of Echinophora scabra (Echinophoreae, Apioideae)
Authors: KHAJEHPIRI MARYAM , SAEIDI HOJJATOLLAH , LA FARGE CATHERINE , GHAHREMANINEJAD FARROKH
Published: April 2023

Echinophora scabra (Apiaceae) is one of the endemic species to the Iranica plateau with limited distribution range in Afghanistan and Pakistan which is the most eastern edge of the genus existence and penetration. In addition to its geographic distribution, morphologic, anatomic and micromorphologic characters of the plant, especially its umbellulas and mericarps features, make this species a remarkable candidate for further studies. Some of the most important and taxonomically valuable characters of its umbellulas and mericarps are: number of the male pedicels, absence of the sepals in umbellula’s central flower, petals shape, size of the sepals in male flowers, style length and indumentum, hypodermal collenchyma, relative size of the vascular bundles and vallecular vittae, width to thickness ratio of the endosperm, mericarp’s hair length and size of the platelets secretion on the mericarp surface. Here, we provided an emended taxonomic description improved with anatomical and micromorphological characters of the umbellulas and mericarps. Besides, we designated a lectotype and presented a comparison character table as well as a distribution map.
Fauna and taxonomy of Diamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Caucasus, with a morphological description and DNA barcoding of new taxa and a discussion of diagnostic problems for Diamesa Meigen and Pseudodiamesa Goetghebuer
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A. , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A. , PALATOV DMITRY M.
Published: April 2023

As a result of the revision of adult males as well as available literature data, 26 species of the subfamily Diamesinae are registered for the Caucasus, belonging to 5 genera. Four species are recorded for the first time for this region, one species, D. elbrusica sp. nov., and one subspecies, D. sakartvella gidanica subsp. nov., are new to science and are described. Six species are classified as endemics of the Caucasus. Distribution of other species of Caucasian Diamesinae is discussed.
DNA barcodes of 102 specimens and 20 species of four genera, Boreoheptagyia Brundin, Diamesa Meigen, Pseudodiamesa Goetghebuer and Syndiamesa Kieffer were obtained in this study. Of these, 12 species were deposed in the GenBank and BOLD systems for the first time. We have established that D. cinerella group includes D. kasymovi and probably D. lavillei whereas D. zernyi group includes D. vaillanti and D. valentinae. Highly supported phylogeny and results of species delimitation suggest the description of D. elbrusica sp. nov. and D. sakartvella gidanica subsp. nov. Ps. aff. branickii and Ps. aff. nivosa are new species based on DNA barcoding. The results of species delimitation show that genus Pseudodiamesa includes 10 (ASAP, GMYC), 14 (mPTP) or 21 (BOLD) distinct molecular taxonomic units (mOTUs) among which only Ps. stackelbergi have an undoubted species status that requires a large revision using both morphological and molecular approaches.
Analysis of Emotional Responses in Political Communication: An Experimental Case of Interactive Advertising
Authors: López Marc Polo , Francesc Fondevila-Gascón Joan , Vidal-Portés Eduard , Muñoz Sánchez Omar , Vilajoana Alejandre Sandra
Published: April 2023

The emotional reactions to interactive advertisements are a relatively new study object, attending the synchronous evolution of the natural interactive platforms. Interactivity has increased thanks to Internet usage, and it can be also attractive for political communication.

In television’s case, it is a growing phenomenon whose main launcher is the implementation of the Hybrid broadcast broadband Television (HbbTV) standard. Key players of the sector (networks, media agencies, and advertisers) try to take profit from the options generated by the interaction with the audience. We have developed an experimental methodology that consists of viewing an advertising block that includes conventional and interactive advertisements in order to observe the emotions that those generate in the audience. The experiment included the view of a nine advertisement block and the analysis of face reactions linked to emotions. It is concluded that surprise emotion via humor does not make it easier to capture attention during the broadcast of a sequence of advertisements and identify the advertisement, and humor increases relatively interest in interactive advertisements.
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in the Treatment of Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannomas Using Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiation
Authors: Turek Grzegorz , Dzierzęcki Sebastian , Obierzyński Paweł , Rogala Adrian , Ząbek Zuzanna , Milewski Robert , Kiprian Dorota , Zielińska-Turek Justyna , Ząbek Mirosław
Published: April 2023

Background:

No gold standard has been developed for the therapy of intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas (IVS). Options for treatment include a conservative approach, microsurgery, or radiosurgery. Although the efficacy of these treatment has been well-documented, little is known about the determinants of outcome in IVSs following radiosurgery. Therefore, we examined the results in relation to age, gender, tumor volume, distance to fundus, microcyst existence, and radiosensitivity in this group. In addition, we investigated possible predictors of facial nerve function and hearing preservation.

Methods:

Ninety-four patients with unilateral IVS were included in the evaluation (52 women and 42 males). The patients were separated into younger and older age groups based on their median age (55 years). The median IVS volume was 138 mm3, microcysts were identified in 16 tumors, and 63 tumors were adjacent to the fundus. The data were analyzed using Statistica software package ver. 13.3.

Results:

At final follow-up, a statistically significant decrease in tumor volume and no statistically significant decline in hearing were noted, but no differences between age groups were found. The sex had no effect on overall tumor growth control, facial nerve preservation, or hearing preservation. Localization of IVS close to the fundus and the presence of tumor microcysts had no effect on the control of tumor growth, preservation of hearing, and sparing of facial nerve following radiosurgery. Cochlear dose had no influence on hearing preservation. Higher tumor volume was associated with its pseudoprogression during early follow-up and a greater risk of hearing loss.

Conclusions:

Age, sex, tumor volume, proximity to the fundus, and the existence of a microcyst were not predictive of radiosensitivity nor preservation of facial nerve function and hearing, based on the findings. There was no effect of cochlear dose on hearing. Initial greater tumor volume was associated with an increased probability of tumor pseudoprogression.
Closure of Tracheocutaneous Fistulae in Patients With Challenged Wound Healing
Authors: Ni Garrett , Shah Arnav , Soliman Ahmed M. S.
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To describe and evaluate the surgical outcomes of multilayered closure of persistent tracheocutaneous fistulae (TCF) in patients with challenged wound healing.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent closure of TCF by the senior author between October 2011 and December 2021 was performed. Age, body mass index (BMI), time between decannulation and TCF repair, medical comorbidities, procedure duration, length of hospitalization, and postoperative complications were recorded. The primary outcomes were closure of the fistula, postoperative subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, wound infection, or breakdown. Outcomes of patients with and without challenged wound healing were compared.

Results:

Thirty-five patients who underwent TCF repair during the study period were identified. The mean age and BMI were 62.9 years and 28.43 respectively. Twenty-six (74%) patients met criteria for challenged wound healing at the time of the TCF repair. There was 1 (3.84%) minor complication in the challenged wound healing group and none (0%) in the control group ( P = 1.00). No patients experienced wound breakdown or air leak noted on exam or chest radiography.

Conclusion:

Multilayered closure of persistent tracheocutaneous fistulae is a simple technique which is safe and effective even in patients with challenged wound healing.
New Testament Apocrypha: More Noncanonical Scriptures, volume 2: A panel review
Authors: LaFosse Mona Tokarek
Published: April 2023

The canonical texts of the New Testament are well known and studied, but the variety and number of extant early Christian noncanonical texts, also known as New Testament Apocrypha, have not been as widely recognized. Thanks to the stellar work of numerous translators and the editorial work of Tony Burke, many more of these texts are now available with introductions in English translation through two volumes (soon to be three) of New Testament Apocrypha: More Noncanonical Scriptures. In the series of articles in this special section of Studies in Religion, three early Christian scholars (Ronald Charles, Sean Hannan and Mona Tokarek LaFosse) review the second volume of the series, published by Eerdmans in 2020, which is followed by a detailed response by Tony Burke. The reviews and response were originally presented at a joint session at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies and Canadian Society of Patristic Studies/Association canadienne des études patristiques in May 2022. The reviews and response encourage scholars of religion to consider how these ancient texts might contribute to larger contemporary conversations around coloniality, diversity, pedagogy and storytelling, demonstrating the value of collaborative scholarship.
Deliberating Like a State: Locating Public Administration Within the Deliberative System
Authors: Dean Rikki
Published: April 2023

Public administration is the largest part of the democratic state and a key consideration in understanding its legitimacy. Despite this, democratic theory is notoriously quiet about public administration. One exception is deliberative systems theories, which have recognized the importance of public administration and attempted to incorporate it within their orbit. This article examines how deliberative systems approaches have represented (a) the actors and institutions of public administration, (b) its mode of coordination, (c) its key legitimacy functions, (d) its legitimacy relationships, and (e) the possibilities for deliberative intervention. It argues that constructing public administration through the pre-existing conceptual categories of deliberative democracy, largely developed to explain the legitimacy of law-making, has led to some significant omissions and misunderstandings. The article redresses these issues by providing an expanded conceptualization of public administration, connected to the core concerns of deliberative and other democratic theories with democratic legitimacy and democratic reform.
Asset-Based Futures: A Sociology for the 21st Century
Authors: Adkins Lisa , Bryant Gareth , Konings Martijn
Published: April 2023

This article engages with the question of whether the COVID-19 pandemic can be understood as an event that is moving us towards a new era. Highlighting the paradox that this question has emerged in the context of the stoppages and shutdowns associated with the pandemic, we suggest that any assessment of social change and the futures such change might unfold must be situated on the terrain formatted by the temporal logics of capitalism. At our current juncture this requires that sociology as a discipline understand these logics as asset rather than commodity based. Drawing on state responses to the pandemic in Australia, we show how mundane payments play a critical role in these logics, operating as differentiating technologies of time. We suggest that for sociology to build a sociology of futures that is relevant for the 21st century, it must come to terms with the time machine of the asset economy.
The Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Women’s Support Workers Improves Knowledge of Intimate Partner Violence-Caused Brain Injury
Authors: Nicol Blake , Adhikari Shambhu Prasad , Shwed Alanna , Ashton Stephanie , Mriduraj Angitha , Mason Karen , Gainforth Heather L. , Babul Shelina , van Donkelaar Paul
Published: April 2023

Women who experience physical intimate partner violence (IPV) are at high risk of suffering a brain injury (BI) due to head impacts and/or strangulation. Currently, most staff at women’s shelters tend not to be aware of IPV-caused BIs. The objective of this study was to address this by developing a new online module within the Concussion Awareness Training Tool (cattonline.com) specifically focused on IPV-caused BI, and measuring its effectiveness in increasing BI awareness and knowledge among staff members at women’s shelters. A mixed-methods approach was used which included (i) a survey to measure participant knowledge before and after completing the module; (ii) a 1-on-1 interview 6 months post-training to better understand participants’ perceptions of what effect the training had on how they worked with women in their job; and (iii) an evaluation of the content of the module using behavior change techniques. About 81 participants recruited from staff at women’s shelters completed the pre/post survey. The average BI knowledge score increased significantly from the pre-survey ( M = 8.12/12, SD = 1.05) to the post-survey ( M = 9.72/12, SD = 1.62), t(80) = 9.12, P < .001, d = 1.01). Analysis of the interviews with 9 participants highlighted 3 main themes arising from the module: knowledge, mindfulness, and advocacy. All participants felt their knowledge of IPV-caused BIs had increased and said they would recommend the training to their co-workers. Analysis of the module content revealed the most frequent behavior change techniques were related to instructions on how to perform screening and accommodation for IPV-caused BI. The results showed the module was effective in increasing knowledge of IPV-caused BIs amongst women’s shelter staff as well as improving how they advocate for, and are mindful of, their clients with BIs. This online training may help improve the care women with IPV-caused BIs receive, and ultimately improve their quality of life.
Strategies for Multidomain Sequence Analysis in Social Research
Authors: Ritschard Gilbert , Liao Tim F. , Struffolino Emanuela
Published: April 2023

Multidomain/multichannel sequence analysis has become widely used in social science research to uncover the underlying relationships between two or more observed trajectories in parallel. For example, life-course researchers use multidomain sequence analysis to study the parallel unfolding of multiple life-course domains. In this article, the authors conduct a critical review of the approaches most used in multidomain sequence analysis. The parallel unfolding of trajectories in multiple domains is typically analyzed by building a joint multidomain typology and by examining how domain-specific sequence patterns combine with one another within the multidomain groups. The authors identify four strategies to construct the joint multidomain typology: proceeding independently of domain costs and distances between domain sequences, deriving multidomain costs from domain costs, deriving distances between multidomain sequences from within-domain distances, and combining typologies constructed for each domain. The second and third strategies are prevalent in the literature and typically proceed additively. The authors show that these additive procedures assume between-domain independence, and they make explicit the constraints these procedures impose on between-multidomain costs and distances. Regarding the fourth strategy, the authors propose a merging algorithm to avoid scarce combined types. As regards the first strategy, the authors demonstrate, with a real example based on data from the Swiss Household Panel, that using edit distances with data-driven costs at the multidomain level (i.e., independent of domain costs) remains easily manageable with more than 200 different multidomain combined states. In addition, the authors introduce strategies to enhance visualization by types and domains.
Beyond money, power, and masculinity: Toward an analytical perspective on recruitment to Mexican drug trafficking organizations
Authors: Chomczyński Piotr A , Guy Roger , Azaola Elena
Published: April 2023

Mexican drug trafficking organizations have experienced rapid attrition resulting in a continual need for personnel since 2006. However, the process by which these criminal organizations absorb new members remains obscure. In this article, we report on the social context of recruitment and motivational pathways into Mexican drug trafficking organizations through in-depth interviews with current and former cartel members ( N = 79). We find that recruits are motivated by aspirations of financial success and notions of masculinity, but also influenced by attachment to social groups and jointly shared experiences that we term a collective trajectory. We argue that individual decisions to join criminal organizations are viewed in collective terms, or being connected with members of their immediate social group. We conclude with the applications of challenges of collective trajectory for sociological criminology.
Neck–Shoulder Region Training for Chronic Headache in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rinne Marjo , Garam Sanna , Kukkonen-Harjula Katriina , Tokola Kari , Häkkinen Arja , Ylinen Jari , Nikander Riku
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We investigated whether a specific exercise program for the neck–shoulder region reduces headache intensity, frequency, and duration, and how it influences neck disability among women with chronic headache compared to a control group.

Design

Two-center randomized controlled trial.

Subjects

116 working-age women.

Intervention

The exercise group (n = 57) performed a home-based program with six progressive exercise modules, over 6 months. The control group (n = 59) underwent six placebo-dosed transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation sessions. Both groups performed stretching exercises.

Main measures

The primary outcome was pain intensity of headache, assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes were frequency and duration of weekly headaches, and neck disability assessed using the Neck Disability Index. Generalized linear mixed models were used.

Results

Mean pain intensity at baseline was 4.7 (95% CI 4.4 to 5.0) in the exercise group and 4.8 (4.5 to 5.1) in the control group. After 6 months the decrease was slight with no between-group difference. Headache frequency decreased from 4.5 (3.9 to 5.1) to 2.4 (1.8 to 3.0) days/week in the exercise group, and from 4.4 (3.6 to 5.1) to 3.0 (2.4 to 3.6) in the control group (between-group p = 0.017). Headache duration decreased in both groups, with no between-group difference. Greater improvement in the Neck Disability Index was found in the exercise group (between-group change −1.6 [95% CI −3.1 to −0.2] points).

Conclusion

The progressive exercise program almost halved headache frequency. The exercise program could be recommended as one treatment option for women with chronic headache.
Alone and lonely. The economic cost of solitude for regions in Europe
Authors: Burlina Chiara , Rodríguez-Pose Andrés
Published: April 2023

Solitude is a rising phenomenon in the western world. The share of people affected by solitude has been rising for some time and the Covid-19 pandemic has further brought this trend to the fore. Yet, we know next to nothing about the aggregate subnational economic impact of the rise in solitude. In this paper, we analyse the consequences of solitude on regional economic performance across Europe, distinguishing between two of its key dimensions: alone living, proxied by the regional share of single-person households and loneliness, proxied by the aggregate share of social interactions. We find that solitude has important implications for economic development, but that these go in different directions. While alone living is a substantial driver of economic growth across European regions, high shares of lonely people undermine it. The connection of loneliness with economic growth is, however, dependent on the frequency of in-person meetings, with large shares of the population meeting others socially on a weekly basis, alongside a small percentage of people who never meet others, yielding the best economic returns.
Forecasting migraine with machine learning based on mobile phone diary and wearable data
Authors: Stubberud Anker , Ingvaldsen Sigrid Hegna , Brenner Eiliv , Winnberg Ingunn , Olsen Alexander , Gravdahl Gøril Bruvik , Matharu Manjit Singh , Nachev Parashkev , Tronvik Erling
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Triggers, premonitory symptoms and physiological changes occur in the preictal migraine phase and may be used in models for forecasting attacks. Machine learning is a promising option for such predictive analytics. The objective of this study was to explore the utility of machine learning to forecast migraine attacks based on preictal headache diary entries and simple physiological measurements.

Methods

In a prospective development and usability study 18 patients with migraine completed 388 headache diary entries and self-administered app-based biofeedback sessions wirelessly measuring heart rate, peripheral skin temperature and muscle tension. Several standard machine learning architectures were constructed to forecast headache the subsequent day. Models were scored with area under the receiver operating characteristics curve.

Results

Two-hundred-and-ninety-five days were included in the predictive modelling. The top performing model, based on random forest classification, achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.62 in a hold-out partition of the dataset.

Discussion

In this study we demonstrate the utility of using mobile health apps and wearables combined with machine learning to forecast headache. We argue that high-dimensional modelling may greatly improve forecasting and discuss important considerations for future design of forecasting models using machine learning and mobile health data.
Effectiveness of Sexual Assault Protective Behaviors on the Daily Level: The Roles of Intoxication and Executive Control
Authors: Shaw Rachael , Paige Katie J. , Livingston Jennifer A. , Colder Craig R. , Read Jennifer P.
Published: April 2023

Young adult women engage in a variety of behaviors aimed at reducing their risk of sexual assault (SA), termed sexual assault protective behavioral strategies (SA-PBS), yet the evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of SA-PBS in reducing SA risk has been relatively sparse and inconclusive. The current study examined the use of SA-PBS, the factor structure of a diverse array of SA-PBS, and their association with the occurrence of SA. The influence of state- and trait-level moderators on the association between SA-PBS and SA events was also examined. In a sample of community young adult women ( N = 174), use of SA-PBS and the occurrence of same night SA were examined with a longitudinal burst design over 1 year that spanned 27 weekend nights when women were out in social contexts. We also examined the influence of state intoxication of alcohol use and trait effortful control (EC) on the relationship between SA-PBS factors and SA events. We found that SA-PBS cluster into two factors representing Proactive and Reactive SA-PBS. While Proactive PBS was not associated with SA, Reactive PBS were positively associated with a SA event occurring. There was no evidence in the current sample to support a moderating role of intoxication on the relationship between Proactive or Reactive PBS and SA. However, there was a marginal interaction effect found for the moderating role of EC on the relationship between Proactive PBS and SA. Our findings identify important differences in SA-PBS, and perhaps most importantly, suggest that not all strategies are created equal with respect to reducing risk.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity from Leaves and Seeds of Bixa orellana L. from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Valencia Dora , Aguilar-González Dolores Isela , Ortega-García Jesús , Godoy-Hernández Gregorio , Leyva-Peralta Mario Alberto , Moo-Huchín Víctor Manuel , Aarland Rayn Clarenc , Quintero-Vargas Jael , Mendoza-Espinoza José Alberto , Zarza-García Addy Leticia
Published: April 2023

Background

In Mexico, there is an ancestral custom about the knowledge of the medicinal use of plants. Bixa orellana L. is a plant species that represents one of the main crops used in traditional medicine in southeastern Mexico. Background studies on its biological properties have been conducted on accessions harvested in Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico.

Objectives

In this work, the idea was to perform a phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of B. orellana.

Materials and Methods

Phytochemical screening was performed on methanolic extracts of leaves and seeds from two accessions of B. orellana, as well as on their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Results

The phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts of the leaves revealed the presence of tannins, terpenes, and saponins. A higher total content of phenols and flavonoids in leaves was also found compared to seeds, which coincides with a higher antioxidant activity in leaves compared to seeds. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the seeds and leaves of accession 3 showed the best results.

Conclusion

Accession 3 has better bioactive properties and can be a candidate in the search for antiproliferative and antioxidant compounds; this is the first study that associates this plant with this activity and demonstrates the chemical differences that exist between the accessions of B. orellana.
Second-generation Asian American Identity of Indians: Assimilating with Americans or Retaining Asian-ness or Beyond?
Authors: Shafi Saheeh
Published: April 2023

This article critically interprets the multi-dimensional Asian American identity of Indians in terms of their pan-ethnic identity formation as Asian Americans through cultural assimilation or merging with the host culture of Americans and retention or holding on to Asian identity. The identification of Indian Asian Americans will be determined by pan-ethnicity, gender and religion by the interview responses of Indian Americans, including the pan-ethnic identity of Indians in the Mar Thoma Church community, the second-generation Patel family’s union formation in terms of gender identity. Identity formation theories like acculturation and culture shock theories will be used to justify the claims made in the hypothesis. The analysis will be organized in terms of its beginning with the analysis of important factors of pan-ethnicity and then of gender and religion consecutively as part of thematic analysis and finally by statistical analysis. Results show the reasons include better professional advantages, which propel their choice of different identities and their future directives as part of the hypothesis of Asian American identity of Indians as they merge with the American identity as part of cultural assimilation, in other cases, retain their Asian identity beyond Americanized identity and sometimes go beyond both American, Asian identity to restate their Indian ethnicity. To conclude, the identity of Indian Americans remains in flux and keeps changing due to the requirements of the ever-evolving world.
Health-Related Habits and Health Promotion Behaviors in People With Alcohol Flushing
Authors: Hwang In Cheol , Choi Seulggie
Published: April 2023

There is limited investigation on health-related behaviors by alcohol flushing. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Korea Community Health Survey. The final analysis included 130 192 adults with available information on alcohol flushing assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. About a quarter of participants were classified into alcohol flushers. After considering demographics, comorbidities, mental health, and perceived health status, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that flushers smoked or drank less and received vaccination or screening more than nonflushers. In conclusion, flushers have healthier behaviors than nonflushers.
Selectively liberal? Social change and attitudes towards homosexual relations in the UK
Authors: Collins Alan , Drinkwater Stephen , Jennings Colin
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a model to identify why, for some, the expression of liberal attitudes towards the LGBT population may be strategic rather than sincere. We show that the British population displays considerably more tolerant views towards homosexuality compared to the end of the 1980s. However, there is evidence that this has slowed in recent years, especially in areas that have experienced the highest levels of immigration, particularly from countries outside Europe. We explain these changes with reference to two effects that immigration/multiculturalism may have – direct cultural and indirect political effects – the latter manifested in selective liberalisation such that for some members of the in-group adopting a liberal attitude towards a group that was once the salient out-group (in this case the LGBT population) generates greater benefits for the in-group by creating disutility for the currently salient out-group (in this case culturally conservative religious minorities and immigrants). We explore both influences using survey data and find strong evidence for the first effect and suggestive support for the second effect.
Postoperative Daycare as a Safe and Cost-Effective Option for Secondary Alveolar Bone Graft (SABG) Surgery: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Natsir Kalla Diandra S. , Ruslin Muhammad , Aartman Irene H. A. , Helder Marco N. , Forouzanfar Tymour , Gilijamse Marjolijn
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the outcomes of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting (SABG) in patients treated either in daycare or with multiple day hospitalization (MDH) in relation to costs and complication rates.

Design

Retrospective comparative cohort study.

Setting

The data was collected from two settings: Postoperative daycare or MDH after oral cleft surgery in an Academic Medical Center in The Netherlands.

Patients

Data of 137 patients with unilateral Cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CLAP) treated between 2006-2018 were evaluated. Registered clinical variables: age, gender, cleft subtype, bone donor site, type of hospitalization, length of stay, additional surgery, complications, surgeons, and costs.

Interventions

Closure of the alveolar cleft with/without closure of the anterior palate.

Main outcome measures

Univariate analyses.

Results

Of the 137 patients, 46.7% were treated in MDH, and 53.3% in daycare. Total costs for daycare were significantly lower ( P < .001). All patients treated in daycare received mandibular symphysis bone, whereas in MDH, 46.9% received iliac crest bone instead. Bone donor site was associated with postoperative care type. Complication rates were slightly but not significantly higher in daycare (26%) vs. MDH (14.1%) ( P = .09). Most were Grade I (minor) according to Clavien Dindo classification.

Conclusions

Daycare after alveolar cleft surgery is about as safe as MDH, but significantly cheaper.
Family Interviews Inform School-based Nursing for Children with Type 1 Diabetes and their Families
Authors: Ogilvie Sarah J. , Beierwaltes Patricia , Verchota Gwen , Lee Seonhwa , Eggenberger Sandra
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to better understand the burden(s) associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on school-aged youth and families and subsequently identify strategies school nurses can adopt to reduce the impact of this disease. Family interviews (n = 5 families, comprised of 15 individual participants) were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide to further explore family members’ experiences with T1DM. Directed content analysis was employed for theme identification. Themes reflect individual and family struggles, the importance of teamwork within families, navigating barriers, and facing uncertainty. Select themes provided the impetus for the development of a school-based program directed toward youth and families with T1DM. Plans include developing educational content plus therapeutic conversations with a focus on communication, care coordination, cognition, problem-solving, and strength-building. An emphasis will be placed on participant-directed program content with peer support for youth with T1DM and family members.
Prognostic Value of Immunoscore in Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: Imen Helal , Amira Hmidi , Fatma Khanchel , Raja Jouini , Mariem Sabbah , Haithem Zaafouri , Ehsene Ben Brahim , Aschraf Chadlidebbiche
Published: April 2023

Aims. Immunoscore, based on the evaluation of CD3+ and CD8+ densities in the center of the tumor and its invasive margin, is currently considered as a potential prognostic factor, particularly in colorectal carcinomas. In the current study, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of immunoscore in colorectal cancer stage I to IV, through a survival study. Methods and Results. It was a descriptive and retrospective study involving 104 cases of colorectal cancer. Data were collected over 3 years (2014-2016). An immunohistochemical study (anti-CD3, anti-CD8) by the tissue microarray technique was carried out in the areas of “hot spot” in the tumor center and invasive margin. A percentage was assigned to each marker and within each region. Then, the density was classified as “low” or “high,” according to a cutoff fixed at the median of percentages. immunoscore was calculated by the method described by Galon et al. The prognostic value of the immunoscore was assessed through a survival study. The mean age of patients was 61.6 years. immunoscore was low in 60.6% (n = 63). Our study had shown that low immunoscore significantly deteriorates survival and a high immunoscore enhances survival significantly ( P < .001). We found a correlation between immunoscore and T stage ( P = .026). A multivariate showed that the predictive factors for survival were immunoscore ( P = .001) and age ( P = .035). Conclusions. Our study highlights the potential role of immunoscore as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Its reproducibility and reliability allow its introduction into daily practice for better therapeutic management.
Serositis causing pericardial and pleural effusions after eight years of maintenance ibrutinib for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Johnson Grace , Baviriseaty Niharika , Massanet Nicholas , Kooper Jeffrey
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Ibrutinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for multiple B-cell malignancies, including Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in 2014. Although the drug portends favorable outcomes, it also bears a profile of side effects. Current literature describes only two cases of nonhemorrhagic pericardial effusion associated with ibrutinib use, and here we present the third. This case recounts an episode of serositis causing pericardial and pleural effusions and diffuse edema after eight years of maintenance ibrutinib for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM).

Case report

A 90-year-old male with WM and atrial fibrillation presented to the emergency department for a week of progressive periorbital and upper and lower extremity edema, dyspnea, and gross hematuria, despite increasing at-home diuretic dose. The patient was on 140 mg ibrutinib twice daily. Labs showed stable creatinine, serum IgMs of 97, and negative serum and urine protein electrophoresis. Imaging revealed bilateral pleural effusions and pericardial effusion with impending tamponade. All other workup was unrevealing, diuretics were ceased, pericardial effusion was monitored with serial echocardiograms, and ibrutinib was exchanged for low-dose prednisone.

Management and outcome

After five days, the effusions and edema dissipated, hematuria resolved, and patient was discharged. Resumption of lower dose ibrutinib one month later led to a subsequent return of edema, which again subsided with cessation. Reevaluation of maintenance therapy continues outpatient.

Conclusion

Patients on ibrutinib presenting with dyspnea and edema should be monitored for pericardial effusion; the drug should be held in exchange for anti-inflammatory therapy, and future management should involve cautious, low-dose resumption, or exchange for alternative therapy.
“They Are Measures Without Impact”: Home Care Social Workers Criticize OASIS-E
Authors: Cabin William
Published: April 2023

There is significant literature about the Medicare Outcome and Information Assessment (OASIS). A new OASIS Version E, effective January 2023, makes significant changes in assessing patient mental health. However, a literature review indicates no studies of the anticipated effectiveness of the OASIS-E on improving psychosocial care of Medicare home health beneficiaries. This article summarizes an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 36 home care social workers from 5 different home health agencies in the New York City metropolitan area between August 1, 2022, and November 30, 2022. Four themes emerged from the study, namely that social workers believe the OASIS-E revisions: are an improvement over prior OASIS versions; are cumbersome and do not require administration by a social worker; do not impose specific guidance requirements on using new measures scoring results in making care decisions; and do not address coverage of specific interventions that address patients with significant mental health issues. Policymakers are urged to modify the OASIS-E guidance manual to require use of new mental health assessment scores in care planning and to expand coverage of evidence-based treatment interventions for patients with significant assessed mental health conditions.
Cardiac Surgeons Highlight the Need for Innovation Stewardship: Noteworthy in 2022
Authors: Netsanet Adom , Cotton Jake , Suarez-Pierre Alejandro , Hoffman Jordan , Aftab Muhammad , Reece Brett , Rove Jessica Y.
Published: April 2023

Modern cardiac surgery has rapidly evolved to treat complex cardiovascular disease. This past year boasted noteworthy advances in xenotransplantation, prosthetic cardiac valves, and endovascular thoracic aortic repair. Newer devices often offer incremental design changes while demanding significant cost increases that leave surgeons to decide if the benefit to patients justifies the increased cost. As innovations are introduced, surgeons must continuously aim to harmonize short- and long-term benefits with financial costs). We must also ensure quality patient outcomes while embracing innovations that will advance equitable cardiovascular care.
Early-career music teachers’ perspectives of their initial teacher education program in China
Authors: Meng Han , Goopy Jason
Published: April 2023

Initial teacher education plays an important role in preparing music teachers for schools. There is a growing interest in Chinese music teacher education, though limited research currently exists. This study investigated early-career teachers’ perspectives concerning the efficacy of the initial music teacher education program at Yu Cai Normal University (pseudonym), China. This mixed-methods study used a sequential explanatory design where qualitative interview data were used to provide further explanation and detail regarding survey results. The perceptions of early-career music teachers were sought on the importance, effectiveness, and usefulness of their initial teacher education and the most rewarding and challenging aspects of their beginning careers. Phase 1 of the data collection consisted of an online survey with 32 music education graduates of Yu Cai Normal University from 2015–2019. Phase 2 involved one-on-one semi-structured online interviews with three participants offering a range of views. Phase 3 was a combined analysis and discussion of the findings from Phases 1 and 2. Findings indicate that early-career music teachers highly valued their initial teacher education and their studies adequately prepared them for work, though the quality of their university subjects could still be improved. Early-career music teachers embrace the challenges of the profession and choir, competitions, and the act of teaching are their greatest rewards. Practical subjects remain the most critical components of music teacher education, and theory must be situated in contextualized practice.