bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We are what we eat: Implications of host plant suitability on sustainable production of silkworm pupae as novel ingredient with dietary and health benefits
Authors: Sangha Marie N. , Barwani Didier K. , Xavier Cheseto , Muhonja Linah , Moseti Kelvin , Karanja Paul N. , Kiiru Peter , Osuga Isaac M. , Tanga Chrysantus M.
Published: December 2024

Although, the impact of mulberry leaves on mortality of Bombyx mori [silkworm] and cocooning rates has been investigated, limited research has exploited the influence on the quality of B. mori pupae. This study evaluated the effects of four mulberry cultivars (Ichinose, Noi-EX-Thailand, Ex-Thika and Victory1) on the nutritional quality of B. mori pupae. The proximate composition, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals of different mulberry cultivars and silkworm pupae were analyzed using standard methods. Silkworms fed on Noi-EX-Thailand and Ex-Thika cultivars exhibited the highest crude protein (57.9%) and fat content (44.3%), respectively. Eight essential amino acids were identified in silkworm pupae, with histidine (6.02–7.12 μg/100mg) being the most abundant, followed by significant amounts of lysine (1.40–5.03 μg/100 mg), leucine (1.96–2.47μg/100 mg), and valine (0.89–2.03 μg/100 mg). Pupae raised on Noi-Ex-Thailand leaves had the highest total amino acid content (23.01 μg/100 mg). Potassium was the major mineral in pupae (505.62–665.30 mg/100 mg), with the highest levels observed in those fed on Noi-EX-Thailand. Vitamin C levels ranged from 28.84 to 61.88 mg/100 g, with pupae fed on Victory1 showing the highest concentration. There was a strong positive correlation between magnesium, crude protein and nitrogen-free extracts of mulberry leaves that mirrored the corresponding levels in silkworm pupae. These results underscore the importance of mulberry leaf composition in determining silkworm pupae quality, especially when considering their use as sustainable ingredient for the food, feed and pharmaceutical industry.
Evidence for gene essentiality in Leishmania using CRISPR
Authors: Zhang Wen-Wei , Matlashewski Greg
Published: December 2024

The ability to determine the essentiality of a gene in the protozoan parasite Leishmania is important to identify potential targets for intervention and understanding the parasite biology. CRISPR gene editing technology has significantly improved gene targeting efficiency in Leishmania. There are two commonly used CRISPR gene targeting methods in Leishmania; the stable expression of the gRNA and Cas9 using a plasmid containing a Leishmania ribosomal RNA gene promoter (rRNA-P stable protocol) and the T7 RNA polymerase based transient gRNA expression system in promastigotes stably expressing Cas9 (T7 transient protocol). There are distinct advantages with both systems. The T7 transient protocol is excellent for high throughput gene deletions and has been used to successfully delete hundreds of Leishmania genes to study mutant phenotypes and several research labs are now using this protocol to target all the genes in L. mexicana genome. The rRNA-P stable protocol stably expresses the plasmid derived gRNA and has been used to delete or disrupt single and multicopy Leishmania genes, perform single nucleotide changes and provide evidence for gene essentiality by directly observing null mutant promastigotes dying in culture. In this study, the rRNA-P stable protocol was used to target 22 Leishmania genes in which null mutants were not generated using the T7 transient protocol. Notably, the rRNA-P stable protocol was able to generate alive null mutants for 8 of the 22 genes. These results demonstrate the rRNA-P stable protocol could be used alone or in combination with the T7 transient protocol to investigate gene essentiality in Leishmania.
Interactive effects of salinity, redox, and colloids on greenhouse gas production and carbon mobility in coastal wetland soils
Authors: Ward Nicholas D. , Bowe Madison , Muller Katherine A. , Chen Xingyuan , Zhao Qian , Chu Rosalie , Cheng Zezhen , Wietsma Thomas W. , Kukkadapu Ravi K.
Published: December 2024

Coastal wetlands, including freshwater systems near large lakes, rapidly bury carbon, but less is known about how they transport carbon either to marine and lake environments or to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide and methane. This study examines how GHG production and organic matter (OM) mobility in coastal wetland soils vary with the availability of oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors. We also evaluated how OM and redox-sensitive species varied across different size fractions: particulates (0.45–1μm), fine colloids (0.1–0.45μm), and nano particulates plus truly soluble (<0.1μm; NP+S) during 21-day aerobic and anaerobic slurry incubations. Soils were collected from the center of a freshwater coastal wetland (FW-C) in Lake Erie, the upland-wetland edge of the same wetland (FW-E), and the center of a saline coastal wetland (SW-C) in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Anaerobic methane production for FW-E soils were 47 and 27,537 times greater than FW-C and SW-C soils, respectively. High Fe2+ and dissolved sulfate concentrations in FW-C and SW-C soils suggest that iron and/or sulfate reduction inhibited methanogenesis. Aerobic CO2 production was highest for both freshwater soils, which had a higher proportion of OM in the NP+S fraction (64±28% and 70±10% for FW-C and FW-E, respectively) and organic C:N ratios reflective of microbial detritus (5.3±5.3 and 5.3±7.0 for FW-E and FW-C, respectively) compared to SW-C, which had a higher fraction of particulate (58±9%) and fine colloidal (19±7%) OM and organic C:N ratios reflective of vegetation detritus (11.4 ± 1.7). The variability in GHG production and shifts in OM size fractionation and composition observed across freshwater and saline soils collected within individual and across different sites reinforce the high spatial variability in the processes controlling OM stability, mobility, and bioavailability in coastal wetland soils.
Ruvbl1 silencing affects reproduction of the corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis
Authors: Xavier César A. D. , Tyson Clara , Whitfield Anna E.
Published: December 2024

Ruvbl1 (also known as TIP49, Pontin) encodes an ATPase of the AAA+ protein superfamily involved in several cellular functions, including chromatin remodeling, control of transcription, and cellular development (motility, growth, and proliferation). While its role has been well established in model organisms including vertebrates and invertebrates (e.g. mice, Xenopus and Drosophila), putative functions of Ruvbl1 in non-model insect pests have not been addressed. To exploit Ruvbl1 as a potential target gene for applications in insect control, we used an in-vivo RNA interference (RNAi) approach to evaluate the effect of Ruvbl1 silencing on the physiology of the corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis. Silencing of P. maidis Ruvbl1 (PmRuvbl1) was correlated with visible morphology changes in female individuals with significant increases in body mass observed at 8 and 12 days after double strand RNA (dsRNA) injection. Ovary function was significantly affected in adult females with PmRuvbl1 silenced, with no mature oocytes observed at 8 and 12 days after gene silencing. Whereas no significant difference in egg laying was observed 4 days after dsRNA injection, significantly fewer eggs were laid in plants at 8 and 12 days after dsRNA treatment. Furthermore, dramatic reductions in egg hatching were observed at all time points after PmRuvbl1 silencing, compared to dsGFP-injected controls. These results extend Ruvbl1 functions as a putative regulator of P. maidis reproduction and demonstrate the potential of Ruvbl1 to be further exploited as a target for developing new technologies (e.g. RNA interference, CRISPR-mediated control) for insect control.
Bayesian polygenic risk estimation approach to nuclear families with discordant sib-pairs for myelomeningocele
Authors: Aguayo-Gómez Adolfo , Luna-Muñoz Leonora , Svyryd Yevgeniya , Muñoz-Téllez Luis Ángel , Mutchinick Osvaldo M.
Published: December 2024

Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe and disabling form of spina bifida with chronic health multisystem complications and social and economic family and health systems burden. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the genetic risk estimate for MMC in a cohort of 203 Mexican nuclear families with discordant siblings for the defect. Utilizing a custom Illumina array, we analyzed 656 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 395 candidate genes to identify a polygenic risk profile for MMC. Through a family-based analysis employing the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and Bayesian analysis, we assessed risk alleles transmission and calculated conditional probabilities estimating a polygenic risk for MMC. Our findings reveal significant associations of six genes related to neural tube closure (PSMB4, ATIC, DKK2, PSEN2, C2CD3, and PLCB2), showing differences in risk allele transmission between affected and unaffected siblings. Bayesian analysis identified changes in the risk profile after initiating folic acid fortification in Mexico, showing an evident decline in the conditional risk from 1/156 to 1/304 respectively. Despite the decline, this represents a 5.84-fold increase in risk before fortification and a 2.99-fold increase post-fortification compared to the baseline risk level (1/910). Our study highlights the advantage of incorporating a Bayesian analytical methodology in families with discordant sib-pairs, offering insights into the polygenic risk estimate for MMC and, most probably, for other congenital malformations.
A two-level staging system for the embryonic morphogenesis of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Strobl Frederic , Schmitz Alexander , Schetelig Marc F. , Stelzer Ernst H. K.
Published: December 2024

Comparative studies across multiple species provide valuable insights into the evolutionary diversification of developmental strategies. While the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has long been the primary insect model organism for understanding molecular genetics and embryonic development, the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, also known as medfly, presents a promising complementary model for studying developmental biology. With its sequenced genome and a diverse array of molecular techniques, the medfly is well-equipped for study. However, an integrative framework for studying its embryogenesis is currently lacking. In this study, we present a two-level staging system for the medfly based on nine datasets recorded using light sheet fluorescence microscopy. The upper level features of six consecutive embryogenetic events, facilitating comparisons between insect orders, while the lower level consists of seventeen stages, adapted from the fruit fly, allowing for comparisons within the Diptera. We provide detailed descriptions of all identifiable characteristics in multiple formats, including a detailed timetable, comprehensively illustrated figures for all embryogenetic events, glossary-like tables for selected structures and processes, as well as a stage-based quick lookup chart. One remarkable difference between the fruit fly and the medfly is that in the latter, the amnioserosa differentiates and unfolds already during gastrulation. Our staging system, which is based on systematically acquired fluorescence live imaging data, provides standard deviations for each developmental time point and serves as a template for future studies seeking to establish an integrative morphogenic framework for other emerging model insect species.
An appropriate DNA input for bisulfite conversion reveals LINE-1 and Alu hypermethylation in tissues and circulating cell-free DNA from cancers
Authors: Tran Trang Thi Quynh , Pham Tung The , Nguyen Than Thi , Hien Do Trang , Luu Phuong Thi Thu , Nguyen Uyen Quynh , Vuong Linh Dieu , Nguyen Quang Ngoc , Ho Son Van , Dao Hang Viet , Hoang Tong Van , Vo Lan Thi Thuong
Published: December 2024

The autonomous and active Long-Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1, L1) and the non-autonomous Alu retrotransposon elements, contributing to 30% of the human genome, are the most abundant repeated sequences. With more than 90% of their sequences being methylated in normal cells, these elements undeniably contribute to the global DNA methylation level and constitute a major part of circulating-cell-free DNA (cfDNA). So far, the hypomethylation status of LINE-1 and Alu in cellular and extracellular DNA has long been considered a prevailing hallmark of ageing-related diseases and cancer. This study demonstrated that errors in LINE-1 and Alu methylation level measurements were caused by an excessive input quantity of genomic DNA used for bisulfite conversion. Using the minuscule DNA amount of 0.5 ng, much less than what has been used and recommended so far (500 ng-2 μg) or 1 μL of cfDNA extracted from 1 mL of blood, we revealed hypermethylation of LINE-1 and Alu in 407 tumour samples of primary breast, colon and lung cancers when compared with the corresponding pair-matched adjacent normal tissue samples (P < 0.05–0.001), and in cfDNA from 296 samples of lung cancers as compared with 477 samples from healthy controls (P < 0.0001). More importantly, LINE-1 hypermethylation in cfDNA is associated with healthy ageing. Our results have not only contributed to the standardized bisulfite-based protocols for DNA methylation assays, particularly in applications on repeated sequences but also provided another perspective for other repetitive sequences whose epigenetic properties may have crucial impacts on genome architecture and human health.
Cascading expression of ApiAP2 transcription factors controls daughter cell assembly in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Bhaskaran Maanasa , Mudiyam Venkat , Mouveaux Thomas , Roger Emmanuel , Gissot Mathieu
Published: December 2024

Pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii in the intermediate host is based on the tachyzoite ability to divide rapidly to produce significant amount of daughter cells in a reduce time frame. The regulation of the cell-cycle specific expression program is therefore key to their proliferation. Transcriptional regulation has a crucial role in establishing this expression program and transcription factors regulates many aspects of tachyzoite cell cycle. We explored the role of two ApiAP2 transcription factors, TgAP2XII-9 and TgAP2III-2, during the cell cycle of the tachyzoite form. While TgAP2III-2 has only a minor impact on the tachyzoite proliferation, we show that TgAP2XII-9 regulates many aspects of the cell cycle including the proper assembly of the daughter cells inner membrane complex and temporal expression of many virulence genes. Creation of a double mutant strain for TgAP2XII-9 and TgAP2III-2 shows that TgAP2XII-9 had a prominent role during daughter cell assembly. Using transcriptomics and Cut&Tag, we demonstrate that TgAP2XII-9 mainly acts through the transcriptional control of at least 300 genes promoters. Interestingly, TgAP2XII-9 plays a crucial role repressing the expression of genes necessary for budding initiation and activating genes necessary for microneme de novo formation. We also explored the importance of the AP2 domain of TgAP2XII-9 demonstrating its critical role to exert its function. Therefore, we showed that TgAP2XII-9 is a crucial transcription factor which is key to daughter cell assembly post budding initiation.
COVID-19 and cancer: reflections 2 years into the pandemic
Authors: Saba Kamal , Dhawaria Manisha , Javed Aamir
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in the light of day toward the end of 2019, has changed almost every field of health care basically, and oncology is no exception. After reflecting on events of the past 2 years, it becomes evident that while the pandemic has put several difficulties in the way of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and research, it has also brought about a few positive changes and once again highlighted how strong the global cancer care community is.
The evolution of cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review of its history and current perspectives
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Zaheer Sufian
Published: December 2024

Cancer immunotherapy uses the body’s immune system to combat cancer, marking a significant advancement in treatment. This review traces its evolution from the late 19th century to its current status. It began with William Coley’s pioneering work using bacterial toxins to stimulate the immune system against cancer cells, establishing the foundational concept of immunotherapy. In the mid-20th century, cytokine therapies like interferons and interleukins emerged, demonstrating that altering the immune response could reduce tumors and highlighting the complex interplay between cancer and the immune system. The discovery of immune checkpoints, regulatory pathways that prevent autoimmunity but are exploited by cancer cells to evade detection, was a pivotal development. Another major breakthrough is CAR-T cell therapy, which involves modifying a patient’s T cells to target cancer-specific antigens. This personalized treatment has shown remarkable success in certain blood cancers. Additionally, cancer vaccines aim to trigger immune responses against tumor-specific or associated antigens, and while challenging, ongoing research is improving their efficacy. The historical progression of cancer immunotherapy, from Coley’s toxins to modern innovations like checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy, underscores its transformative impact on cancer treatment. As research delves deeper into the immune system’s complexities, immunotherapy is poised to become even more crucial in oncology, offering renewed hope to patients globally.
Association of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with clinicopathological parameters in endometrial cancer
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Dubey Ashi , Zaheer Sufian
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Endometrial cancer (EC) ranks as one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies globally. The presence and role of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment have garnered interest due to their prognostic and therapeutic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the association between stromal TILs and various clinicopathological parameters in EC.Methods: A prospective study was conducted which included 30 histologically confirmed cases of endometrial carcinoma. Specimens collected from January 2023 to June 2024 were processed for routine histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry for CD3 and CD20 markers. TILs were quantified as per the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group guidelines and categorized into low (<20%) and high (≥20%) TILs.Results: The study comprised 30 female patients, predominantly aged 51 to 60 years. Most tumors were of the endometrioid subtype (93.3%). High TILs were significantly associated with early tumor stage, lower grade, lesser myometrial invasion, and absence of nodal involvement on univariate analysis and with lower tumor stage and grade on multivariate analysis. No significant association was found between TILs and age, lymphovascular, or perineural invasion.Conclusion: The findings suggest that high TIL infiltration correlates with favorable tumor characteristics, potentially serving as a prognostic marker for early and less aggressive EC. High TILs were associated with better tumor stage, grade, and reduced nodal involvement, indicating their protective role in tumor progression. However, the lack of association with certain parameters calls for further investigation into the functional state of TILs and their interactions within the tumor microenvironment.
Espaço das jornalistas na cobertura das Copas femininas de futebol no Esporte Espetacular
Authors: Soares Sérgio Ricardo , Pereira Joice Danielle Nascimento
Published: December 2024

O artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a participação das mulheres na cobertura jornalística da Copas do Mundo Feminina no programa Esporte Espetacular (EE), nos anos de 2019 e 2023. A pesquisa leva em consideração o espaço ocupado pelas mulheres ao longo da história na editoria de Jornalismo Esportivo, tomando como base áreas como narração, comentários e análises técnicas, espaços que são considerados masculinos dentro das dinâmicas da cobertura esportiva, sobretudo de futebol.  O artigo foi ancorado pela metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo (AC), utilizando também o método comparativo para verificar as diferenças entre os dois períodos. A análise evidenciou mudanças na quantidade de mulheres envolvidas na cobertura e indicou que as jornalistas tiveram mais tempo para discutir suas representações dentro e fora dos campos, no entanto, a visão masculina ainda pauta a atuação das mulheres nesse espaço.
Full-Endoscopic Midline Foraminoplasty: An Alternative Method for Treating Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Authors: Pairuchvej Saran , Keorochana Gun , Jitpakdee Khanathip , Rittipoldechs Chok-anan , Kongthavornsakul Jatupon
Published: December 2024

Objective: To describe the full-endoscopic lumbar foraminoplasty with midline skin incision (FEFM) and lateral recess decompression procedure and to report its clinical outcomes at the 1-year follow-up.Methods: Consecutive patients with lumbar foraminal and/or lateral recess stenosis who underwent FEFM procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) of back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) up to 1 year postoperatively. The complications and recurrence rate were also recorded.Results: A total of 30 cases (51 levels) were included (L3–4, 6 cases [11.8%]; L4–5, 23 [45.1%]; L5–S1, 22 cases [43.1%]). VAS scores collected at preoperative, postoperative day 1, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were 9.16, 1.7, 1.36, 1.3, and 1.43, respectively. The ODI scores collected at preoperative, postoperative 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were 46.63, 11.5, 10.66, and 10.46, respectively (p<0.05). The mean operation time was 88.7 minutes (range, 45–152 minutes). The length of hospital stay was 1.21 days (range, 1–3 days). No immediate complications were identified, and no patients experienced a recurrence of symptoms requiring revision surgery.Conclusion: FEFM is an effective procedure for treating foraminal and/or lateral recess stenosis. It demonstrates the capability to decompress both bilateral foraminal and lateral recess stenosis through a single-entry point.
Reducing Postoperative Neurological Complications in Uniportal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Efficacy of the GUARD Technique Combined With Delayed Ligamentum Flavectomy
Authors: Chuang Hao-Chun , Hsu Yu-Chia , Liu Yuan-Fu , Chang Chao-Jui , Hsiao Yu-Meng , Huang Yi-Hung , Liu Keng-Chang , Chen Chien-Min , Kim Hyeun Sung , Lin Cheng-Li
Published: December 2024

Objective: Uniportal full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (FE-TLIF) carries a unique risk of nerve traction and abrasion injury during cage insertion. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the GUARD technique and delayed ligamentum flavectomy in reducing postoperative radicular pain and neurapraxia in patients undergoing uniportal FE-TLIF.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 45 patients with an average age of 53.9±12.4 years who underwent either FE facet-sparing TLIF (FE fs-TLIF) or FE facet-resecting TLIF (FE fr-TLIF). Patients were divided into 2 groups: the sentinel group (21 patients) using traditional sentinel pin techniques, and the GUARD group (24 patients) using the GUARD technique with delayed ligamentum flavectomy. Patient-reported outcomes included the visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg and back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index. Complication rates, including incidental durotomy, postoperative neurapraxia, and hematoma, were also documented.Results: Postoperative radicular pain in the legs was significantly reduced at 6 weeks in the GUARD group compared to the sentinel group (VAS: 2.201 vs. 3.267, p=0.021). The incidence of postoperative neurapraxia was markedly lower in the GUARD group (0% vs. 19%, p=0.047). Both groups showed similar improvements in disc height, segmental lordosis, and lumbar lordosis at the 1-year follow-up, with no significant differences in endplate injury or fusion rates.Conclusion: The GUARD technique and delayed ligamentum flavectomy significantly enhance patient safety by reducing postoperative radicular pain and neurapraxia without incurring additional costs. These techniques are easy to learn and integrate into existing surgical workflows, offering a valuable improvement for surgeons performing FE-TLIF procedures.
Factors Associated With the Absence of Cervical Spine Instability in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A >10-Year Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Yurube Takashi , Kanda Yutaro , Hirata Hiroaki , Sumi Masatoshi
Published: December 2024

Objective: To identify factors associated with the absence of cervical spine instability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Cervical spine instability was defined as the presence of at least one of the following: atlantoaxial subluxation, vertical subluxation of the axis, or subaxial subluxation. In 2001–2002, 634 enrolled outpatients with “classical” or “definite” RA underwent a radiographic cervical spine checkup. In 2012–2013, 233 (36.8%) prospectively underwent routine clinical follow-ups with a >10-year radiographic evaluation. The prevalence and independent predictive factors for no instability were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Next, 85 of 292 outpatients (29.1%) without baseline cervical spine instability completed consecutive >5-year and >10-year radiographic examinations. The incidence and predictors for no new development of instability were assessed similarly.Results: Among 233 patients, those without cervical spine instability decreased from 114 (48.9%) to 47 (20.2%) during >10 years. Steinbrocker peripheral joint destruction stages I–II (odds ratio [OR], 3.797; p=0.001), no corticosteroid administration (OR, 2.700; p=0.007), and no previous joint surgery (OR, 2.480; p=0.020) were predictors for no instability. Then, 33 of 85 (38.8%) consecutively followed patients without baseline cervical spine lesions did not develop instability throughout. Steinbrocker stages I–II (OR, 5.355; p=0.005) and no corticosteroid therapy (OR, 3.868; p=0.010) were predictors for no new onset of instability. C-reactive protein (CRP) level≤1.0 mg/dL was marginal in both models (n=233 [OR, 2.013; p=0.057], n=85 [OR, 2.453; p=0.075]).Conclusion: Steinbrocker stages I–II, no corticosteroids, no previous joint surgery, and possibly CRP ≤1.0 mg/dL are factors associated with >10-year absence of cervical spine instability in RA.
Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignment Target in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity: Risk Factor Analysis of 196 Cases Undergoing Low Thoracic to Pelvic Fusion
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Park Jin-Sung , Kang Dong-Ho , Kang Minwook , Jung Kyunghun , Lee Chong-Suh
Published: December 2024

Objective: To identify the risk factors for proximal junctional failure (PJF) after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery despite ideal sagittal correction according to age-adjusted alignment target.Methods: The study included patients who underwent low thoracic to pelvic fusion for ASD and obtained ideal correction according to age-adjusted pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis. PJF was defined either radiographically as a proximal junctional angle (PJA) of >28° plus a difference in PJA of >22° or clinically as revision surgery for proximal junctional complications. Clinical and radiographic variables were assessed to identify the risk factors for PJF.Results: The final study cohort consisted of 196 patients, of whom 170 were women (86.7%), with an average age of 68.3 years. During mean follow-up duration of 45.9 months, PJF occurred in 43 patients (21.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.063; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.129; p=0.046), large preoperative sagittal vertical axis (OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001–1.013; p=0.024), nonuse of a transverse process (TP) hook (OR, 5.556; 95% CI, 1.205–19.621; p=0.028), and high lumbar distribution index (LDI) (OR, 1.136; 95% CI, 1.109–1.164; p<0.001) were significant risk factors for PJF development.Conclusion: A sizeable proportion of patients (21.9%) developed PJF despite achieving ideal sagittal correction. Using TP hooks with avoiding excessive LDI can be helpful to further mitigate the risk of PJF development in this patient group.
Full-Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Morgenstern Christian
Published: December 2024

This article aims to introduce a novel full-endoscopic anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedure to treat cervical myelopathy. Adoption of endoscopic anterior cervical procedures has been lagging due to safety concerns and the necessity of placing an interbody cage. We have developed novel instrumentation and a modified percutaneous anterior cervical approach that allows a safe and reproducible full-endoscopic ACDF. Specially designed retractor blades facilitate percutaneous placement of a zero-profile cervical interbody cage. A 64-year-old male patient presents with chronic neck pain and bilateral paresthesia in his upper extremities, mild ataxia, and positive Hoffmann sign. He has a history of deep vein thrombosis 5 years prior. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans show a degenerated disk, severe central canal stenosis with cord compression and a hyperintense cord signal at C5–6, compatible with cervical myelopathy. An electromyography of upper extrimities shows suspicion of myelopathy at C5–6. Full-endoscopic ACDF was performed at C5–6 to decompress the canal and restore disk height with a zero-profile interbody cage. Postoperatively the patient showed improvement of his symptoms with reduced pain and disability scores and was discharged from the hospital within 24 hours of the surgery. Outcome is satisfactory at 2-year postoperative follow-up. Full-endoscopic ACDF enables excellent visualization of the posterior endplates and cervical canal with constant irrigation, facilitating treatment of cervical myelopathy. No retraction is required during discectomy and decompression, decreasing the risk of postoperative dysphagia, hoarseness and bleeding. A zero-profile interbody cage can be percutaneously placed with special retractor blades.
Evolving Paradigms in Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Learning Curves in Minimally Invasive Spine Techniques
Authors: Wu Kun , Yun Zhihe , Suvithayasiri Siravich , Liang Yihao , Setiawan Dimas Rahman , Kotheeranurak Vit , Jitpakdee Khanathip , Giordan Enrico , Liu Qinyi , Kim Jin-Sung
Published: December 2024

Our research examines the learning curves of various minimally invasive lumbar surgeries to determine the benefits and challenges they pose to both surgeons and patients. The advent of microsurgical techniques since the 1960s, including advances in fluoroscopic navigation and intraoperative computed tomography, has significantly shifted spinal surgery from open to minimally invasive methods. This study critically evaluates surgical duration, intraoperative conversions to open surgery, and complications as primary parameters to gauge these learning curves. Through a comprehensive literature search up to March 2024, involving databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, this paper identifies a steep learning curve associated with these surgeries. Despite their proven advantages in reducing recovery time and surgical trauma, these procedures require surgeons to master advanced technology and equipment, which can directly impact patient outcomes. The study underscores the need for well-defined learning curves to facilitate efficient training and enhance surgical proficiency, especially for novice surgeons. Moreover, it addresses the implications of technology on surgical accuracy and the subsequent effects on complication rates, providing insights into the complex dynamics of adopting new surgical innovations in spinal health care.
Endoscopic Transforaminal Thoracic Decompression for Removal of a Giant Calcified Thoracic Disc Herniation
Authors: Farshad Mazda , Laux Christoph Johannes , Zingg Lukas , Wanivenhaus Florian
Published: December 2024

To demonstrate the preoperative workup, surgical planning and execution of transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy (TETD) for a giant calcified disc herniation. Surgeries for symptomatic thoracic disc herniations are rare and challenging. The main goal is to achieve sufficient decompression with minimal manipulation of the spinal cord. Conventional surgical techniques may have significant approach-related morbidities and often require additional stabilization. The full endoscopic transforaminal technique is the least invasive approach so far. A 73-year-old female patient with progressive gait disturbance and paraparesis received radiological imaging which revealed a giant calcified thoracic disc herniation at the level T11–12. The preoperative workup, planning and execution of TETD is demonstrated in detail. This report represents a typical educational case of a giant calcified thoracic disc herniation, treated by TETD.
Innovative Nerve Root Protection in Full-Endoscopic Facet-Resecting Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Controlled Cage Glider Rotation Using the GUARD (Glider Used As a Rotary Device) Technique
Authors: Hsu Yu-Chia , Chuang Hao-Chun , Chang Wei-Lun , Liu Yuan-Fu , Chang Chao-Jui , Hsiao Yu-Meng , Huang Yi-Hung , Liu Keng-Chang , Chen Chien-Min , Kim Hyeun-Sung , Lin Cheng-Li
Published: December 2024

This video presents a case of L4–5 unstable spondylolisthesis treated with full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF), emphasizing the GUARD (Glider Used as a Rotary Device) technique for nerve root protection. This innovative approach involves controlled rotation of the cage glider before cage insertion to minimize the risk of nerve root injury, a significant complication in Endo-TLIF procedures. The GUARD technique, validated in previous cadaveric studies, provides enhanced safety during cage insertion by protecting the nerve root. A 48-year-old woman with a 3-year history of progressive low back pain and bilateral lower extremity radiculopathy (right-sided predominance) was diagnosed with L4–5 unstable spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis. After failure of conservative management, she underwent uniportal full-endoscopic facet-resecting transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using the GUARD technique. Postoperatively, the patient experienced significant symptomatic improvement and resolution of radiculopathy, without any intraoperative nerve root injury or postoperative neurological deficits. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of the GUARD technique in reducing neurological complications and improving patient outcomes.
The Freimann Square in Frankfurt am Main: Honoring Therese and Aron Freimann
Authors: Heuberger Rachel
Published: December 2024

This essay describes the lifelong achievements of Therese and Aron Freimann and the naming of the public square adjacent to the Frankfurt University Library after the couple. Therese Freimann (1882–1965) was a social activist whose initiatives benefited the residents of Frankfurt am Main and later New York City. Aron Freimann (1871–1948) was a renowned Wissenschaft des Judentums scholar and bibliographer whose work enabled and advanced the development of modern Jewish studies. His 1932 Judaica Catalogue of the Frankfurt Library collection played a key role in the survival of the collection during the Nazi era.
Scatter of the Literature, January 2023–December 2024
Authors: Kunst Konstanze
Published: December 2024

A list of citations of published studies related to Juaica librarianship and Jewish book history. Also availalbe on a free Zotero group, https://www.zotero.org/groups/5155481/judaica_librarianship_bibliography.
Política para a Implementação da Educação Integral em Tempo Integral nas Escolas Públicas Municipais de Banabuiú-CE no Ano de 2024: Avanços, Dificuldades e Desafios
Authors: Torres Nyvea Cilene Nogueira , Lopes Raimundo Edilberto Moreira
Published: December 2024

Este artigo discute a implementação das escolas em tempo integral no município de Banabuiú, Ceará, focando nos avanços, dificuldades e desafios enfrentados nesse processo. A pesquisa aborda o contexto educacional da cidade, os objetivos da implementação, a estrutura das escolas de tempo integral e os impactos observados na qualidade do ensino e no desenvolvimento dos alunos. Os avanços incluem o aumento da permanência dos estudantes na escola, a ampliação das oportunidades de aprendizado e a melhoria na infraestrutura escolar. No entanto, o processo também enfrentou dificuldades, como a falta de infraestrutura física, a necessidade de formação continuada dos professores e os desafios logísticos e financeiros para garantir a oferta contínua de atividades extracurriculares. O artigo ainda aponta os desafios que ainda persistem, como a manutenção da qualidade do ensino frente à escassez de recursos e a necessidade de um maior envolvimento da comunidade e do poder público. O estudo contribui para a reflexão sobre a implementação de políticas educacionais em contextos locais e contribui com a experiência para outras localidades que buscam implantar o modelo de escolas em tempo integral.
Educação Infantil: O Impacto da Creche na Vida da Criança de 0 A 3 Anos
Authors: Sá Daniely Jainy de , Oliveira Débora Benício Alves , Alves Francisca Ivoneide Benício Malaquias , Bringel Maricélia Félix Andrade
Published: December 2024

Procurou-se analisar nesta pesquisa, o impacto da creche na vida da criança, tendo em vista um ambiente propício para os primeiros conhecimentos do aluno. Como objetivo geral averiguou o desenvolvimento das crianças, como o discente entra na escola e têm a sua desenvoltura durante todo o ano letivo; o que é oferecido pela creche e a importância das atividades executadas no ambiente escolar. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, sendo aplicada uma metodologia de investigação em que se tem como interpretação o material pesquisado. Os resultados obtidos através do estudo realizado evidenciam que a creche é uma instituição de grande importância para a criança nos primeiros anos de vida, pois é na escola que ela irá desenvolver o seu cognitivo e, em consequência disto, conseguirá interpretar o mundo em que vive tendo um conhecimento integral e proveitoso. As atividades oferecidas pela instituição quando se é trabalhada de forma correta, promove um desenvolvimento proficiente, tendo em vista que a lúdico é chamativo e faz com que a criança use a sua imaginação, siga os comandos, trabalhe a psicomotricidade, e consiga ampliar o eu, o ele e o nós. A ludicidade torna o ambiente prazeroso e a criança por sua vez se sente segura e isso faz com que ela absorva conhecimentos, tenha contato com outra rotina e consiga aprender de modo sutil em um ambiente que não tire a essência da infância e ao mesmo tempo ela possa explorar todos os conhecimentos possíveis que são oferecidos pela instituição formadora.
Discutindo a Intersecção entre a Psicologia, a Saúde e a Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Farias Athena de Albuquerque , Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: December 2024

A evolução tecnológica mundial, apesar de ser essencial que os pesquisadores e, mais especificamente os profissionais estejam na vanguarda das discussões, a chegada da Inteligência Artificial (IA) tem acarretado grande desafio social.  Nas questões relacionadas a saúde, a IA parece ter potencial de revolucionar a maneira como entendemos e abordamos uma série de questões psicológicas e de saúde, desde a assistência à saúde mental até a compreensão das complexidades da cognição e outros assuntos correlatos. Algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, podem analisar grandes conjuntos de informações, de forma a tornar possível identificar padrões e prever tendências, em uma ampla gama de condições psicológicas e de saúde. Essa capacidade de análise automatizada, não apenas agiliza o processo diagnóstico, mas também pode fornecer insights valiosíssimos sobre os mecanismos subjacentes aos mais diferentes transtornos e diagnósticos de saúde. É fundamental uma maior discussão sobre a implementação da IA em relação aos fatores éticos envolvidos, já que os seus altos custos poderão impactar a saúde dos usuários, o que tende a aumentar a desigualdade no acesso aos serviços de saúde de qualidade, a parcela mais pobre da população.
Impactos da Falta de Alfabetização na Idade Adequada: Desafios e Estratégias para a Educação Infantil
Authors: Lavor Rayane da Silva , Oliveira Débora Benício Alves , Alves Francisca Ivoneide Benício Malaquias , Bringel Maricélia Félix Andrade
Published: December 2024

Esta pesquisa investiga os impactos da falta de alfabetização na idade adequada e as medidas para enfrentar tais desafios. O objetivo do estudo foi mostrar quais as consequências de longo prazo para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e acadêmico das crianças que não são alfabetizados na idade certa. Além disto, o estudo busca identificar os principais desafios enfrentados por essas crianças, explorar estratégias eficazes para promover a alfabetização na educação infantil e analisar o papel dos educadores e das políticas educacionais da promoção da alfabetização precoce na infância. Adotando uma abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa integra métodos dedutivos e indutivos, fundamentando-se na análise de documentos e na revisão da literatura para produzir conhecimentos atualizados e inovadores. O estudo foi desenvolvido no ambiente escolar e com dados referentes aos impactos da falta de alfabetização da idade adequada, através de entrevista com profissionais da educação infantil e outros envolvidos. Os resultados mostram que os desafios das instituições de ensino vão além do ambiente escolar, sendo influenciados por falta de recursos, baixa participação familiar e condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Esses fatores afetam o progresso dos alunos e dificultam o ensino de qualidade. Apoiar a formação contínua dos educadores e garantir a compra de materiais pedagógicos apropriados, além de incentivar a participação da comunidade, são estratégias eficazes para lidar com essa questão e aprimorar os índices de alfabetização entre as crianças. Assim, pode-se afirmar que a resolução dos desafios educacionais relacionados à alfabetização demanda uma abordagem abrangente e integrada, na qual diversos envolvidos colaborem para o êxito desse aspecto essencial da educação.
Rome IV Functional Defecation Disorder: Time for a Change in Symptom Criteria for Improved Clinical Relevance?
Authors: Park Calvin Joomann , Jones Michael P. , Prott Gillian , Sequeira Carol , Malcolm Allison
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Defecatory disorders are common affecting up to 8% of the population. Rome IV diagnostic criteria are used to define this condition and, therefore, select patients for the gold standard therapy, anorectal biofeedback. The aim of this study was to test the current Rome IV Functional Defecation Disorder (FDD) criteria in a real-world population by using the response to biofeedback as a validation tool.

METHODS:

A total of 485 patients (female 437, mean age 50 ± 17.6 years) with defecatory symptoms presenting to a neurogastroenterology clinic underwent anorectal biofeedback therapy regardless of whether they met formal Rome IV FDD criteria or not. Patients were assessed extensively with the Rome questionnaire, constipation questionnaire, and visual analog scales for satisfaction, control, quality of life, and anorectal manometry.

RESULTS:

Rome IV FDD was no better at predicting response to biofeedback compared with non-Rome IV FDD (P = NS). Digitation (P = 0.043) and increasing cumulative number of defecatory symptoms (P = 0.038) were correlated with improvement in biofeedback (≥2-point increase in bowel satisfaction). Those with abnormal physiology only responded well to biofeedback (83% response rate), but this was not statistically different from no Rome IV physiology patients (73%). There was a trend for increasing cumulative number of abnormal physiology factors to correlate with biofeedback (P = 0.086).

DISCUSSION:

Rome IV symptom criteria need revision to include more defecatory symptoms, include all subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome, and be inclusive of those with either loose stools or more frequent stools such as those previously labeled with “pseudodiarrhea” or “hyperdefecation.” Continuing to include physiology criteria in the Rome diagnosis of FDD seems valid.
Study on the shelf life of sterilized products by packaging materials
Authors: Park Imhee , Kim Eunsoon , Jang Jeyoun , Baek Hyunju , Park Jihee , Oh Sukmi
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the temperature and humidity of a sterilized product storage site, examine the appropriateness of the expiration dates according to the packaging materials used, and provide a basis for extending the expiration dates.Methods: The samples were stored in five departments of the Armed Forces Yangju Hospital after steam, E.O gas, and plasma sterilization. Samples of nonwoven packaging materials were collected 12 times every two weeks from to six months after the expiration date, and microbial culture tests were conducted. Paper-plastic pouch samples were collected once at the expiration date of six months and tested for microbial culture. During the study period, the temperature and humidity of the storage sites were measured once daily.Results: The temperature and humidity of the storage area met the guidelines of the Central Supply Nurses’ Association; however some cases exceeded the recommended ranges depending on the season. Microorganisms were cultured in two of the 540 nonwoven packaging samples, and there was no contamination in the subsequent samples. No paperplastic pouch samples were cultured with microorganisms.Conclusion: The expiration date of nonwoven packaging materials can be extended to six months for paper-plastic pouches. Unnecessary costs can be reduced and the same expiration dates can be applied to prevent errors in nurses.
Nursing-sensitive Indicators in East Asian Hospitals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Jae Jun , Seo Won Jin , Park Dong Ah , Oh Hwa Yeong , Lee Seung Eun
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to identify nursing-sensitive indicators in East Asian hospitals and understand their relationships.Methods: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and conducted searches across 12 databases, including gray literature sources, such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Of the 5,887 articles identified, we included 46 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Overall, we identified 72 nursing-sensitive indicators, which were classified into three distinct categories; –structure, process, and outcome, aligned with Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome model. Our findings revealed that nurse staffing levels and patient mortality were the most frequently reported nursing-sensitive indicators in East Asian hospitals. Additionally, we found that nurse staffing levels and work environment were significantly associated with improved outcomes for patients and nurses. Several nursing-sensitive indicators, such as turnover intention and caregiver self-efficacy, were derived only in this review. Some nursing-sensitive indicators, such as nurse staffing levels and patient mortality, had limitations because their definitions and measurement methods varied across studies.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of nursing-sensitive indicators in East Asian hospitals. Adequate nurse staffing levels and positive work environment are important in achieving positive patient and nurse outcomes; therefore, hospital administrators should make efforts to improve them. Further consideration is required to determine whether nursing-sensitive indicators derived only from East Asian countries are appropriate for use in this study. Inconsistencies in the operational definitions and measurement methods of nursing-sensitive indicators hinder evidence generation through the synthesis of research findings. Therefore, nursing researchers should standardize nursing-sensitive indicators in this specific healthcare context.