bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients: a community-based study
Authors: Inagawa Tetsuji
Published: June 2011

Object

A community-based study was conducted to estimate the frequency of and evaluate the clinical features related to delayed diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods

Between 1980 and 1998, 358 patients with aneurysmal SAH underwent treatment in Izumo, Japan. The diagnosis of SAH was delayed in 76 patients (21%) and was early in 282 (79%). Among the 76 patients whose diagnosis was delayed, the condition was misdiagnosed by clinicians in 46 cases (Subgroup A), and in the remaining 30 the patients were unaware that SAH had occurred and failed to seek prompt treatment (Subgroup B).

Results

The proportion of Subgroup A patients decreased significantly from 18% (30 of 170 patients) between 1980 and 1989 to 9% (16 of 188 patients) between 1990 and 1998 (p = 0.0098), whereas the proportion of Subgroup B patients during the same periods was 8% (13 of 170 patients) and 9% (17 of 188 patients), respectively (p = 0.6341). With regard to Subgroup A, the misdiagnosis rate in private clinics decreased from 14% (23 of 170 patients) between 1980 and 1989 to 5% (10 of 188 patients) between 1990 and 1998 (p = 0.0073), whereas the misdiagnosis rate in hospitals during the same periods was 4% (7 of 170 patients) and 3% (6 of 188 patients), respectively (p = 0.6399). Multivariate analysis revealed that World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Grade I or II was the main risk factor for delayed diagnosis of SAH (OR 3.97 [95% CI 1.69–10.37]), and that the timing of SAH onset, that is, between 12:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m., was an important reason for the condition in Subgroup B patients (OR 9.29 [95% CI 2.66–33.93]). Rebleeding before admission occurred in 26% of the patients in whom diagnosis was delayed, and in 3% of those who were diagnosed early (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Although the rate of SAH misdiagnosis seems to be decreasing, failure of patients to present for prompt treatment is unlikely to decrease unless the public becomes better educated about SAH and the importance of getting prompt medical attention, even in the middle of the night.
Expression of water channel aquaporin-4 during experimental syringomyelia
Authors: Aghayev Kamran , Bal Ercan , Rahimli Tural , Mut Melike , Balcı Serdar , Vrionis Frank , Akalan Nejat
Published: June 2011

Object

Aquaporins (aqp) are protein channels providing water transport across cell membranes. The main member of this family expressed in the CNS is aqp-4. The pattern and amount of expression of this channel suggest a dominant role in bulk water movement into the nervous tissue. It has also been shown to play a role in several water balance disorders in the CNS. In this study, the authors investigated the possible role of aqp-4 in syringomyelia.

Methods

Twenty-five male Wistar-Hannover rats were divided into experimental (20 rats) and control (5 rats) groups. Syringomyelia was induced in the experimental group by kaolin injection into the cisterna magna. Eight weeks later, the animals were killed, and their spinal cords were removed. Central canal dilations were noted in all experimental animals. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate aqp-4 expression.

Results

Both groups demonstrated positive immunoreactive signals to aqp-4. Western blot analysis revealed a slight decrease in the mean aqp-4 value in the experimental group; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a similar pattern and intensity of aqp-4 staining in both groups.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that aqp-4 most likely does not play a major role in chronic syringomyelia. Its slight downregulation during the initial stage of syrinx formation is possibly a compensatory mechanism. This effect is not present during the late stage of syringomyelia, and aqp-4 is most likely not involved in the pathophysiology of syrinx cavity formation.
A Synthesis of Pseudo-Mauveine and a Homologue
Authors: Plater M. John
Published: June 2011

Treatment of N-phenyl- p-phenylenediamine and two equivalents of aniline with potassium dichromate in hot water acidified with a small amount of sulfuric acid gives 3-phenylamino-5-phenyl-7-aminophenazinium sulfate (pseudo-mauveine). The oxidation of N-phenyl- p-phenylenediamine and o-toluidine with potassium dichromate in water with a small amount of sulfuric acid gives 3-phenylamino-5-( o- toluyl)-7-amino-8-methylphenazinium sulfate. Oxidation of aniline and ( o or p) toluidine only gave small quantities of mauveine chromophores. Oxidation of p-toluidine gives a known dimer which gives a purple coloured solution in acid. A hypothesis is described in which N-phenyl- p-phenylenediamine may have been involved in mauveine synthesis in the nineteenth century.
The Conversion of Aryl and Heteroaryl Methylketones to the Corresponding Secondary or Tertiary Amides
Authors: Ding Jiaoyang , Cao Liping , Wang Jungang , Xue Weijian , Zhu Yanping , Wu Anxin
Published: June 2011

Secondary or tertiary amides have been prepared directly from aryl, heteroaryl methyl ketones using an iodine– amine–NaOH system which afforded the expected products in good yields in an aqueous medium. The present method has the advantages of using inexpensive reagents, mild reaction condition and ease of manipulation.
Multiple mechanisms enable invasive species to suppress native species
Authors: Bennett Alison E. , Thomsen Meredith , Strauss Sharon Y.
Published: June 2011

• Premise of the study: Invasive plants represent a significant threat to ecosystem biodiversity. To decrease the impacts of invasive species, a major scientific undertaking of the last few decades has been aimed at understanding the mechanisms that drive invasive plant success. Most studies and theories have focused on a single mechanism for predicting the success of invasive plants and therefore cannot provide insight as to the relative importance of multiple interactions in predicting invasive species’ success.

• Methods: We examine four mechanisms that potentially contribute to the success of invasive velvetgrass Holcus lanatus: direct competition, indirect competition mediated by mammalian herbivores, interference competition via allelopathy, and indirect competition mediated by changes in the soil community. Using a combination of field and greenhouse approaches, we focus on the effects of H. lanatus on a common species in California coastal prairies, Erigeron glaucus, where the invasion is most intense.

• Key results: We found that H. lanatus had the strongest effects on E. glaucus via direct competition, but it also influenced the soil community in ways that feed back to negatively influence E. glaucus and other native species after H. lanatus removal.

• Conclusions: This approach provided evidence for multiple mechanisms contributing to negative effects of invasive species, and it identified when particular strategies were most likely to be important. These mechanisms can be applied to eradication of H. lanatus and conservation of California coastal prairie systems, and they illustrate the utility of an integrated set of experiments for determining the potential mechanisms of invasive species’ success.
Ontogeny of floral organs in flax (Linum usitatissimum; Linaceae)
Authors: Schewe Lauren C. , Sawhney Vipen K. , Davis Arthur R.
Published: June 2011

• Premise of the study: Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is an important crop worldwide; however, a detailed study on flower development of this species is lacking. Here we describe the pattern of initiation and a program of key developmental events in flax flower ontogeny. This study provides important fundamental information for future research in various aspects of flax biology and biotechnology.

• Methods: Floral buds and organs were measured throughout development and examined using scanning electron microscopy.

• Key results: Floral organs were initiated in the following sequence: sepals, stamens and petals, gynoecium, and nectaries. The five sepals originated in a helical pattern, followed evidently by simultaneous initiation of five stamens and five petals, the former opposite of the sepals and the latter alternate to them. The gynoecium, with five carpels, was produced from the remaining, central region of the floral apex. Stamens at early stages were dominated by anther growth but filaments elongated rapidly shortly before anthesis. Early gynoecium development occurred predominantly in the ovary, and ovule initiation began prior to enclosure of carpels. A characteristic feature was the twisted growth of styles, accompanied by the differentiation of papillate stigmas. Petal growth lagged behind that of other floral organs, but petals eventually grew rapidly to enclose the inner whorls after style elongation. Flask‐shaped nectaries bearing stomata developed on the external surface of the filament bases.

• Conclusions: This is the first detailed study on flax floral organ development and has established a key of 12 developmental stages, which should be useful to flax researchers.
Écrivains, photographes, compositeurs... Les artistes auteurs affiliés à l'Agessa en 2008
Authors: Gouyon Marie
Published: June 2011

R éSUMé En 2008, l’Association pour la gestion de la sécurité sociale des auteurs (Agessa) affilie 11 000 artistes auteurs, principalement du livre, de la photographie et de l’audiovisuel. Leur nombre s’est élevé de 58 % au cours des quinze dernières années. Les deux tiers des artistes auteurs affiliés sont des hommes. Toutefois, les femmes sont de plus en plus nombreuses, en particulier parmi les écrivains, les photographes et les auteurs d’œuvres audiovisuelles et dramatiques. La population des artistes auteurs est assez âgée (49 ans en moyenne) et fortement implantée en Île-de-France. La moitié se partage moins de 10 % de l’ensemble des revenus d’auteurs affiliés à l’Agessa, tandis que les 10 % d’artistes auteurs les mieux rémunérés concentrent à eux seuls plus de la moitié de ces revenus.
Peintres, graphistes, sculpteurs... Les artistes auteurs affiliés à la Maison des artistes en 2009
Authors: Gouyon Marie
Published: June 2011

R ésumé En 2009, la Maison des artistes affilie 24 000 artistes auteurs, principalement graphistes et peintres. Leur nombre s’est élevé en moyenne de 6 % par an entre 1999 et 2006 et est relativement stable depuis 2007. Près de 60 % des artistes auteurs affiliés sont des hommes. Toutefois, les femmes sont de plus en plus nombreuses, en particulier parmi les plasticiens, les peintres et les graveurs. Les artistes auteurs sont âgés en moyenne de 44 ans et vivent pour plus de la moitié en Île-de-France. La moitié se partage 15 % de l’ensemble des revenus d’artistes auteurs affiliés à la Maison des artistes, tandis que les 10 % d’artistes auteurs les mieux rémunérés concentrent à eux seuls 43 % de ces revenus.
La figure du délogement : vers une métapsychologie des pratiques de soin à domicile
Authors: Roman Pascal
Published: June 2011

Résumé Les pratiques cliniques à domicile mobilisent, pour les professionnels et pour les sujets accueillis, des modalités particulières de lien. Cet article se propose d’explorer ces modalités, à partir de l’hypothèse que les institutions s’organisent en appui sur un certain nombre de figures . Ces figures traversent et organisent leur théorie du soin, leur pratique et les liens à l’intérieur de l’institution et avec l’extérieur. La figure du délogement fait partie de ces figures, et vient tout spécialement rendre compte des enjeux des pratiques à domicile. À partir d’une recherche-action menée au sein d’un sessad , il s’agira de dégager les grandes lignes d’une métapsychologie des pratiques à domicile afin de penser les mouvements singuliers à l’œuvre au sein des institutions qui prennent appui sur des dispositifs de soin à domicile.
Présentation de la visite à domicile en psychiatrie du jeune enfant
Authors: Barraco de Pinto Marthe
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’article tente de montrer l’importance de la visite à domicile en psychiatrie du jeune enfant chez des familles en difficulté majeure, qui ne prendraient pas l’initiative d’aller consulter. Basé sur une longue expérience qui fournit les cas proposés ici en illustration du propos, il définit les indications de cette pratique, ses difficultés et sa portée thérapeutique dans le cadre d’un dispositif de soins global visant à conforter le processus de parentalité et le développement du jeune enfant.
A estratégia genealógica de D. Pedro, Conde de Barcelos, e as refundições do Livro de Linhagens
Authors: Ferreira Maria do Rosário
Published: June 2011

Este estudo é uma reflexão sobre a autoria e as refundições do Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro. A comparação entre alguns pontos escolhidos do Livro e do texto castelhano que testemunha a redacção do Conde da Crónica de 1344 (Ms. M) –nomeadamente a lenda dos Juízes de Castela, as narrativas fundacionais das casas da Maia e de Lara, e alguns relatos de batalhas– põe em evidência convergências estilísticas, ideológicas e genealógicas idiossincráticas, e aponta, em particular nos títulos III e XXI, para uma redacção faseada do Livro de Linhagens dependente de matéria ou de perspectivas próprias da Cr1344. Um conjunto de aspectos difíceis de explicar a não ser pela partilha de uma mesma autoria, o que fundamenta a hipótese de ter sido o Conde o primeiro refundidor do seu Livro de Linhagens e o legítimo responsável pela maioria dos belos trechos narrativos entretanto atribuídos à refundição de circa 1380.
Linhagem e estruturas de parentesco
Authors: SOTTOMAYOR-PIZARRO José Augusto de
Published: June 2011

A utilização de modelos de interpretação exteriores à realidade histórica portuguesa –em articulação com alguns conceitos importados da antropologia ou da sociologia–, a partir das décadas de 1970 e 1980, e a sua aplicação à Idade Média, particularmente aos estudos sobre a nobreza medieval portuguesa, levou a algumas interpretações em grande medida válidas, mas que investigações mais recentes, baseadas num melhor conhecimento das fontes, têm vindo a demonstrar a necessidade de serem reajustadas em determinados aspectos. A análise de dois documentos do final do século XIII e de um outro de meados do século XIV, vem reafirmar como foram bastante tardias, quer as transformações da estrutura do parentesco, quer a introdução e difusão do conceito de linhagem.
O genealogista e as suas linhagens: D. Pedro, Conde de Barcelos
Authors: Oliveira António Resende de
Published: June 2011

Partindo dos estudos já existentes sobre a figura do conde D. Pedro, o autor procura, num primeiro momento, concretizar o seu percurso biográfico, esclarecendo as principais fases desse percurso em ligação com a maior ou menor participação do Conde na vida política da primeira metade do século XIV. Procede, de seguida, à reconstituição possível do seu património, conseguido por via matrimonial ou mercê de doações do rei D. Dinis, e talvez, na sua quase totalidade, no breve período de 1304 a 1314. E tenta, enfim, compreender a projecção por ele adquirida em ligação com os projectos de centralização prosseguidos pela corte portuguesa em finais do século XIII e inícios do seguinte.
Impairment of Immunological Synapse Formation in Adaptively Tolerant T Cells
Authors: Choi Seeyoung , Schwartz Ronald H.
Published: June 2011

Adaptive tolerance is a hyporesponsive state in which lymphocyte Ag receptor signaling becomes desensitized after prolonged in vivo encounter with Ag. The molecular mechanisms underlying this hyporesponsive state in T cells are not fully understood, although a major signaling block has been shown to be present at the level of ZAP70 phosphorylation of linker for activation of T cells (LAT). In this study, we investigated the ability of adaptively tolerant mouse T cells to form conjugates with Ag-bearing APCs and to translocate signaling molecules into the interface between the T cells and APCs. Compared with naive or preactivated T cells, adaptively tolerant T cells showed no dramatic impairment in their formation of conjugates with APCs. In contrast, there was a large impairment in immunological synapse formation. Adaptively tolerant T cells were defective in their translocation of signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, LAT, and phospholipase C γ1, into the T cell–APC contact sites. Although Ag-induced activation of VAV1 was normal, VAV’s recruitment into the synapse was also impaired. Interestingly, expressions of both IL-2–inducible T cell kinase and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-related adaptor downstream of SHC were decreased by 60–80% in adaptively tolerant T cells. These decreases, in addition to the impairment in LAT phosphorylation by ZAP70, appear to be the major impediments to the phosphorylation of SLP76 (SRC homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa) and the recruitment of VAV1, which are important for stable immunological synapse formation.
Notch Signaling Regulates Mouse and Human Th17 Differentiation
Authors: Keerthivasan Shilpa , Suleiman Reem , Lawlor Rebecca , Roderick Justine , Bates Tonya , Minter Lisa , Anguita Juan , Juncadella Ignacio , Nickoloff Brian J. , Le Poole I. Caroline , Miele Lucio , Osborne Barbara A.
Published: June 2011

Th17 cells are known to play a critical role in adaptive immune responses to several important extracellular pathogens. Additionally, Th17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as in cancer. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms that regulate Th17 differentiation. Notch signaling is known to be important at several stages of T cell development and differentiation. In this study, we report that Notch1 is activated in both mouse and human in vitro-polarized Th17 cells and that blockade of Notch signaling significantly downregulates the production of Th17-associated cytokines, suggesting an intrinsic requirement for Notch during Th17 differentiation in both species. We also present evidence, using promoter reporter assays, knockdown studies, as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation, that IL-17 and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt are direct transcriptional targets of Notch signaling in Th17 cells. Finally, in vivo inhibition of Notch signaling reduced IL-17 production and Th17-mediated disease progression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, this study highlights the importance of Notch signaling in Th17 differentiation and indicates that selective targeted therapy against Notch may be an important tool to treat autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis.
Retroperitoneal fibrosis masquerading as para-aortic lymphadenopathy on F-18 FDG PET/CT in a patient with carcinoma cervix
Authors: Kashyap R. , Mittal B. , Kumari S. , Bhattacharya A. , Singh B.
Published: June 2011

We present a case of carcinoma cervix found to have a soft tissue lesion in retroperitoneal region with intense FDG uptake. However, this FDG uptake was false positive as the final diagnosis was retroperitoneal fibrosis.
Finite type coarse expanding conformal dynamics
Authors: Haïssinsky Peter , Pilgrim Kevin M.
Published: June 2011

We continue the study of noninvertible topological dynamical systems with expanding behavior. We introduce the class of
finite type
systems which are characterized by the condition that, up to rescaling and uniformly bounded distortion, there are only finitely many iterates. We show that subhyperbolic rational maps and finite subdivision rules (in the sense of Cannon, Floyd, Kenyon, and Parry) with bounded valence and mesh going to zero are of finite type. In addition, we show that the limit dynamical system associated to a selfsimilar, contracting, recurrent, level-transitive group action (in the sense of V. Nekrashevych) is of finite type. The proof makes essential use of an analog of the finiteness of cone types property enjoyed by hyperbolic groups.
Bernoulli actions and infinite entropy
Authors: Kerr David , Li Hanfeng
Published: June 2011

We show that, for countable sofic groups, a Bernoulli action with infinite entropy base has infinite entropy with respect to every sofic approximation sequence. This builds on the work of Lewis Bowen in the case of finite entropy base and completes the computation of measure entropy for Bernoulli actions over countable sofic groups. One consequence is that such a Bernoulli action fails to have a generating countable partition with finite entropy if the base has infinite entropy, which in the amenable case is well known and in the case that the acting group contains the free group on two generators was established by Bowen.
Learning Styles among Students in an Advanced Soil Management Class: Impact on Students’ Performance
Authors: Eudoxie Gaius D.
Published: June 2011

Learning styles represent an integral component of the learning environment, which has been shown to differ across institutions and disciplines. To identify learner preferences within a discipline would aid in evaluating instructional resources geared toward active learning. The learning profiles of second‐year soil science students (n = 62) were investigated using the VARK and index of learning styles (ILS) questionnaires, at the mid‐semester stage. Student performance was measured using quality points (course work and final exam), which was also compared with to learning style preferences. The results showed that students were mostly multimodal (25%) and kinaesthetic (25%) for the VARK instrument. An almost balanced student profile was seen among the four dimensions for the ILS except between sequential and global preferences, which differed significantly (p < 0.05). Learning preference was not related to course performance. Students performed significantly better in course work compared with the final exam. Grouping students into “strong” and “balanced” profiles resulted in lower quality points for students labeled as having a strong preference. The data supported using a diverse set of instructional resources and complementary assessment, but how these and other attributes of the learning environment interact to facilitate better learning leaves much to be researched.
Overcoming Microsoft Excel's Weaknesses for Crop Model Building and Simulations
Authors: Boon Sung Christopher Teh
Published: June 2011

Using spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel for building crop models and running simulations can be beneficial. Excel is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, and it requires the least proficiency in computer programming compared to other programming platforms. Excel, however, has several weaknesses: it does not directly support loops for iterative calculations, and it does not allow one cell to alter the contents of another cell. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop an Excel add‐in, called BuildIt, that overcomes some of Excel's weaknesses by: (1) providing a loop for repetitive calculations and (2) providing several operations (called actions) typically needed in building crop models. These actions are such as for numerical integration, initialization of variables, and solving differential equations using the Runge‐Kutta method, as well as for copying and manipulation of cell ranges. BuildIt was written in Excel's script language, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), but it does not require users to program in VBA to build their models. Several examples of models were used in this article to illustrate how BuildIt implements the infrastructure in Excel, and how it can be used to build models and run model simulations. With BuildIt, users are able to use Excel to build and run their mathematical models, without requiring any knowledge in VBA.
Cárie de aleitamento: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Guimarães Gabler Ilanna , Da Penha Demuner Janaini , Palaoro Grassi Patrícia
Published: June 2011

The most severe form of caries in children is called, commonly, the bottle caries or nursing caries. Because of the serious problems of a general nature and place this type of caries may cause. The study was aimed at reporting a clinical case in a two-years old and seven months child, demonstrating a form of treatment in anterior teeth with totally destroyed crowns, with the completion of endodontic treatment of the four upper incisors, making intra canal pin with 0.7 mm orthodontic wire crowns and resin by restoring the aesthetic
Prevalência parasitária de bucephalus
Authors: Morais Addum Felipe , da Silva Oliveira Cícero
Published: June 2011

In Espírito Santo the Molluscum Perna perna’s extraction, known locally as mussels, is an important economic activity. A major problem today, on this activity, is the presence of a genus Bucephalus para-site, which leads in the castration of the animal P. perna. Through macroscopic analysis of soft tissues of P. perna from two state’s rocky shores, Vitória, and Anchieta, it was found a prevalence of 4,75% of the parasite. When comparing both collection areas, it is observed a larger prevalence in the destrict of Vitória and the adult male subjects are more affected
On‐off iterative adaptive controller for low‐power micro‐robotic step regulation
Authors: Hahn Bongsu , Oldham Kenn
Published: June 2011

A novel model‐free iterative adaptive controller is presented for low‐power control of piezoelectric actuators. The controller uses simple adaptation rules based on known general behavior of piezoelectric actuators to adjust on‐off switching times to drive piezoelectric actuators through a desired transient step motion. Adaptation rules are based on small numbers of measurements taken during each iteration of the actuator movement. Combined with the use of only on‐off control inputs, controller implementation can be possible at much lower overall power levels than would be needed to implement a conventional control strategy such as through pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) with real‐time feedback. Such power savings are particularly important for the intended controller application to piezoelectric microactuators driving autonomous terrestrial micro‐robots. A method for predicting convergence of systems with nominally linear dynamics and unknown, bounded nonlinearities is described, and applied to a sample target piezoelectric actuator. The controller is tested in simulation and experimentally on a piezoelectric cantilever actuator, and shows predicted convergence to the desired response.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Comparison of weight changes following unilateral and staged bilateral STN DBS for advanced PD
Authors: Lee Eric M. , Kurundkar Ashish , Cutter Gary R. , Huang He , Guthrie Barton L. , Watts Ray L. , Walker Harrison C.
Published: June 2011

Unilateral and bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) result in weight gain in the initial postoperative months, but little is known about the changes in weight following unilateral and staged bilateral STN DBS over longer time intervals. A case–control comparison evaluated weight changes over 2 years in 43 consecutive unilateral STN DBS patients, among whom 25 elected to undergo staged bilateral STN DBS, and 21 age‐matched and disease severity matched PD controls without DBS. Regression analyses incorporating age, gender, and baseline weight in case or control were conducted to assess weight changes 2 years after the initial unilateral surgery. Unilateral STN DBS and staged bilateral STN DBS patients gained 3.9 ± 2.0 kg and 5.6 ± 2.1 kg versus their preoperative baseline weight (P < 0.001, respectively) while PD controls without DBS lost 0.8 ± 1.1 kg. Although bilateral STN DBS patients gained 1.7 kg more than unilateral STN DBS patients at 2 years, this difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.885). Although there was a trend toward greater weight gain in staged bilateral STN DBS patients versus unilateral patients, we found no evidence for an equivalent or synergistic increase in body weight following placement of the second DBS electrode.
Nativity and papillary thyroid cancer incidence rates among Hispanic women in California
Authors: Horn‐Ross Pamela L. , Chang Ellen T. , Clarke Christina A. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Rull Rudolph P. , Quach Thu , Gomez Scarlett Lin
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Overall, the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer in Hispanic women residing in the United States (US) is similar to that of non‐Hispanic white women. However, little is known as to whether rates in Hispanic women vary by nativity, which may influence exposure to important risk factors.

METHODS:

Nativity‐specific incidence rates among Hispanic women were calculated for papillary thyroid cancer using data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR) for the period 1988‐2004. For the 35% of cases for whom birthplace information was not available from the CCR, nativity was statistically imputed based on age at Social Security number issuance. Population estimates were extracted based on US Census data. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also estimated.

RESULTS:

In young (age <55 years) Hispanic women, the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer among US‐born women (10.65 per 100,000) was significantly greater than that for foreign‐born women (6.67 per 100,000; IRR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.44‐1.77]). The opposite pattern was observed in older women. The age‐specific patterns showed marked differences by nativity: among foreign‐born women, rates increased slowly until age 70 years, whereas among US‐born women, incidence rates peaked during the reproductive years. Incidence rates increased over the study period in all subgroups.

CONCLUSION:

Incidence rates of papillary thyroid cancer vary by nativity and age among Hispanic women residing in California. These patterns can provide insight for future etiologic investigations of modifiable risk factors for this increasingly common and understudied cancer. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Double‐Oxygen‐Atom Transfer in Reactions of CemO2m+ (m=2–6) with C2H2
Authors: Ding Xun‐Lei , Wu Xiao‐Nan , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Ma Jia‐Bi , He Sheng‐Gui
Published: June 2011

Cerium oxide cluster cations (CemOn+, m=2–16; n=2m, 2m±1 and 2m±2) are prepared by laser ablation and reacted with acetylene (C2H2) in a fast‐flow reactor. A time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer is used to detect the cluster distribution before and after the reactions. Reactions of stoichiometric CemO2m+ (m=2–6) with C2H2 produce CemO2m−2+ clusters, which indicates a “double‐oxygen‐atom transfer” reaction CemO2m++C2H2→CemO2m−2++(CHO)2 (ethanedial). A single‐oxygen‐atom transfer reaction channel is also identified as CemO2m++C2H2→CemO2m−1++C2H2O (at least for m=2 and 3). Density functional theory calculations are performed to study reaction mechanisms of Ce2O4++C2H2, and the calculated results confirm that both the single‐ and double‐oxygen‐atom transfer channels are thermodynamically and kinetically favourable.
Polyphenol oxidase from eggplant reduces the content of phenols and oxidative stability of olive oil
Authors: De Leonardis Antonella , Macciola Vincenzo
Published: June 2011

Activity of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from eggplant fruit (Solanum melongena L.) on phenolic compounds of an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) was studied. In standardized reaction solutions, the eggplant PPO, isolated in the laboratory, depleted completely chlorogenic and caffeic acids, oleuropein, and verbascoside, while the levels of hydroxytyrosol reduced by half. Conversely, no activity of the PPO was observed on the gallic and protocatechuic acids nor on mono‐phenols, such as tyrosol and the p‐coumaric, o‐coumaric, and ferulic acids. PPO activity on phenols extracted from eggplant fruit and EVOO confirmed the enzyme substrate specificity and caused a significant decrease in the measure of total phenols and o‐diphenols. Similarly, PPO crude extract caused a significant decrease of polyphenols directly in the EVOO. Moreover, maximum degradation of EVOO polyphenols was observed when olive oil was homogenized with eggplant fruit pulp to form a cream‐like purée. In fact, immediately after the preparation, total phenols and o‐diphenols of the olive oil recovered from the eggplant‐oil purée were decreased by ∼80% and 100% compared to those of the initial EVOO. As a consequence, the oxidative stability of the recovered oil was ∼60% lower than that of the initial EVOO. In conclusion, in the preparation of vegetable preserves, a residual activity of phenol oxidase may adversely affect the quality and shelf life of the extra virgin olive oil used as covering.
Head and neck paragangliomas: Report of 175 patients (1989–2010)
Authors: Papaspyrou Konstantinos , Mewes Torsten , Rossmann Heidi , Fottner Christian , Schneider‐Raetzke Brigitte , Bartsch Oliver , Schreckenberger Mathias , Lackner Karl J. , Amedee Ronald G. , Mann Wolf J.
Published: June 2011

Background

Attention of the otorhinolaryngologist needs to be drawn to the versatile aspects of head and neck paragangliomas (PGLs).

Methods

This study is a retrospective, nonrandomized clinical study of all 175 individuals with PGLs treated in our department between 1989 and 2010. A genetic analysis was performed on 86 patients.

Results

The 175 patients presented 224 head and neck PGLs as well as 2 thyroid papillary carcinomas. Genetic analysis resulted in 1 patient positive for a von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) gene mutation and 34 for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene mutations (22 SDHD, 7 SDHC, and 5 SDHB), 12 of the latter carrying a novel mutation. Thirty‐three patients (18.9%) had multiple PGLs and 11 patients (6.3%) had a malignant paraganglioma. SDH‐mutation carriers had multiple tumors in 64.7% and malignant paragangliomas in 20.6%.

Conclusions

Multifocal occurrence, potential malignancy, genetic aspects, possible coincidence of thyroid carcinoma, and hormone production have to be considered in patients with head and neck PGLs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
The role of goal orientation in leadership development
Authors: DeGeest David , Brown Kenneth G.
Published: June 2011

Goal‐orientation theory and research offer a lens to better understand the mechanisms of experiential learning in developmental assignments for managers. This study presents a research model that depicts how goal orientations influence the development of leadership skills from experience. The model indicates how individual and situational characteristics interact and influence managers' learning outcomes. By extension, the model proposes how situations could be altered to increase how much managers learn from work experiences. Future research directions on experiential learning as part of management development are also proposed.
NIR spectroscopic imaging to map hemoglobin + myoglobin oxygenation, their concentration and optical pathlength across a beating pig heart during surgery
Authors: Gussakovsky Eugene , Yang Yanmin , Rendell John , Jilkina Olga , Kupriyanov Valery
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopic imaging can provide spatial distribution (maps) of the absolute concentration of hemoglobin + myoglobin, oxygen saturation parameter and optical pathlength, reporting on the biochemico‐physiological status of a beating heart in vivo. The method is based on processing the NIR spectroscopic images employing a first‐derivative approach. Blood‐pressure‐controlled gating compensated the effect of heart motion on the imaging. All the maps are available simultaneously and noninvasively at a spatial resolution in the submillimeter range and can be obtained in a couple of minutes. The equipment has no mechanical contact with the tissue, thereby leaving the heart unaffected during the measurement. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two new phospholipase D isoforms of Loxosceles laeta: Cloning, heterologous expression, functional characterization, and potential biotechnological application
Authors: Catalán A , Cortes W , Sagua H , González J , Araya J. E.
Published: June 2011

Toxin phospholipases‐D present in the venom of Loxosceles spiders is the principal responsible for local and systemic effects observed in the loxoscelism. In this study, we describe the cloning, expression, functional evaluation, and potential biotechnological application of cDNAs, which code for two new phospholipase D isoforms, LIPLD1 and LIPLD2, of the spider Loxosceles laeta. The recombinant protein rLIPLD1 had hydrolytic activity on sphingomyelin and in vitro hemolytic activity on human red blood cells, whereas rLIPLD2 was inactive. The purified recombinant proteins and the venom are recognized by polyclonal anti‐rLIPLD1 and rLIPLD2 sera produced in animals and conferred immunoprotection against the venom. These new isoforms reinforce the importance of the multigene family of phospholipases‐D present in Loxosceles spiders. A highly immunogenic inactive isoform such as rLIPLD2 raises important expectation for its use as a potential immunogenic inducer of the immunoprotective response to the toxic action of the venom of Loxosceles laeta. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:393–403 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20399
A Convenient Method to Produce Close‐ and Non‐close‐Packed Monolayers using Direct Assembly at the Air–Water Interface and Subsequent Plasma‐Induced Size Reduction
Authors: Vogel Nicolas , Goerres Sebastian , Landfester Katharina , Weiss Clemens K.
Published: June 2011

An extremely facile approach to produce close‐packed colloidal monolayers over large areas using direct assembly at the air–water interface is presented. The influence of small amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as well as the influence of the pH value of the subphase on the quality of the resulting monolayer is investigated. It is found that small amounts of SDS at the interface influence capillary forces and form a soft barrier that facilitates the crystallization process. Increased electrostatic repulsion arising from a higher pH of the subphase induced a higher order using carboxylic acid functionalized particles. The deposited close‐packed monolayers were subjected to plasma treatment in order to shrink the colloids and produce non‐close packed monolayers with lattice spacing and symmetry reflecting the order of the initial close‐packed monolayer. A detailed examination of etching conditions and their influence on the shrinkage of the particles was performed, including effects of plasma power, composition, flow rates as well as polymeric‐ and substrate material. The monolayers exhibit vivid coloration, which is determined by their size and packing density. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the change of monolayer color during the size reduction of the individual particles. A simple theoretical model was elaborated to explain the optical properties. Finally, the non‐close‐packed monolayers were used as masks to produce gold nanostructures to exemplify the versatility of the monolayer architectures in nanosphere lithography.

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Thermoresponsive Behavior of Mixtures of Epoxy Functionalized Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate Copolymers
Authors: París Rodrigo , Liras Marta , Quijada‐Garrido Isabel
Published: June 2011

Thermoresponsive random copolymers based on 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEG8‐9MA) are synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In a second step, they are used as macroinitiators for the ATRP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), introducing a short end‐block with epoxy functionalities that allows the connection of the thermoresponsive polymers to a variety of molecules, surfaces, or particles. The resulting epoxy functionalized terpolymers exhibit lower critical solution temperatures (LCST), which can be adjusted by changing the feed monomer ratio of MEO2MA and OEG8‐9MA. Binary blends show one or two cloud points depending on the blend composition. A model for the polymer collapse in one mixed particle or in two different particles as function of composition is proposed.

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Inclusion and exclusion criteria for DBS in dystonia
Authors: Bronte‐Stewart Helen , Taira Takaomi , Valldeoriola Francesc , Merello Marcello , Marks William J. , Albanese Alberto , Bressman Susan , Moro and Elena
Published: June 2011

When considering a patient with dystonia for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery several factors need to be considered. Level B evidence has shown that all motor features and associated pain in primary generalized and segmental dystonia are potentially responsive to globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS. However, improvements in clinical series of ≥90% may reflect methods that need improvement, and larger prospective studies are needed to address these factors. Nevertheless, to date the selection criteria for DBS—specifically in terms of patient features (severity and nature of symptoms, age, time of evolution, or any other demographic or disease aspects)—have not been assessed in a systematic fashion. In general, dystonia patients are not considered for DBS unless medical therapies have been previously and extensively tested. The vast majority of reported patients have had DBS surgery when the disease was provoking important disability, with loss of independence and impaired quality of life. There does not appear to be an upper age limit or a minimum age limit, although there are no published data regarding the outcome of GPi DBS for dystonia in children younger than 7 years of age. There is currently no enough evidence to prove that subjects with primary‐generalized dystonia who undergo DBS at an early age and sooner rather than later after disease onset may gain more benefit from DBS than those undergoing DBS after the development of fixed skeletal deformities. There is no enough evidence to refuse or support consideration of DBS in patients with previous ablative procedures. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and quality of life issues in DBS for dystonia
Authors: Jahanshahi Marjan , Czernecki Virginie , Zurowski and Mateusz
Published: June 2011

We review the impact of dystonia and its surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cognitive function, psychiatric morbidity, and health‐related quality of life. The current evidence suggests that globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS does not cause cognitive decline in primary dystonia. However, we recommend general preoperative screening of cognition in patients with dystonia to evaluate baseline cognitive status and monitor for possible postoperative changes. Patients with mild to moderate depression appear to do well postoperatively; however, there are scant data about those with severe depression. This is particularly problematic given reports of postoperative suicide. Patients with tardive dystonia seem to do well post‐GPi DBS despite often having a history of depression or even having active severe depression. We make recommendations for screening and basic management strategies of patients identified as having a major psychiatric illness pre‐ or postoperatively. Quality of life in dystonia patients quantified by generic measures such as the SF36 showed improvement in both mental and physical categories following DBS surgery. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Resveratrol and health – A comprehensive review of human clinical trials
Authors: Smoliga James M. , Baur Joseph A. , Hausenblas Heather A.
Published: June 2011

In the past decade, the small polyphenol resveratrol has received widespread attention as either a potential therapy or as a preventive agent for numerous diseases. Studies using purified enzymes, cultured cells, and laboratory animals have suggested that resveratrol has anti‐aging, anti‐carcinogenic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidant properties that might be relevant to chronic diseases and/or longevity in humans. Although the supporting research in laboratory models is quite substantial, only recently data has emerged to describe the effects of resveratrol supplementation on physiological responses in humans. The limited number of human clinical trials that are available has largely described various aspects of resveratrol's safety and bioavailability, reaching a consensus that it is generally well‐tolerated, but have poor bioavailability. Very few published human studies have explored the ability of resveratrol to achieve the physiological benefits that have been observed in laboratory models, although many clinical trials have recently been initiated. This review aims to examine the current state of knowledge on the effects of resveratrol on humans and to utilize this information to develop further guidelines for the implementation of human clinical trials.
Ga2O3 photocatalyzed on‐line tagging of cysteine to facilitate peptide mass fingerprinting
Authors: Qiao Liang , Su Fangzheng , Bi Hongyan , Girault Hubert H. , Liu Baohong
Published: June 2011

β‐Ga2O3 is a wide‐band‐gap semiconductor having strong oxidation ability under light irradiation. Herein, the steel target plates modified with β‐Ga2O3 nanoparticles have been developed to carry out in‐source photo‐catalytic oxidative reactions for online peptide tagging during laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) analysis. Under UV laser irradiation, β‐Ga2O3 can catalyze the photo‐oxidation of 2‐methoxyhydroquinone added to a sample mixture to 2‐methoxy benzoquinone that can further react with the thiol groups of cysteine residues by Michael addition reaction. The tagging process leads to appearance of pairs of peaks with an m/z shift of 138.1Th. This online labelling strategy is demonstrated to be sensitive and efficient with a detection‐limit at femtomole level. Using the strategy, the information on cysteine content in peptides can be obtained together with peptide mass, therefore constraining the database searching for an advanced identification of cysteine‐containing proteins from protein mixtures. The current peptide online tagging method can be important for specific analysis of cysteine‐containing proteins especially the low‐abundant ones that cannot be completely isolated from other high‐abundant non‐cysteine‐proteins.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5‐furan dicarboxylate)s based on a variety of diols
Authors: Gomes Mónica , Gandini Alessandro , Silvestre Armando J. D. , Reis Bruno
Published: June 2011

Novel polyesters from renewable resources based on 2,5‐dicarboxylic acid and several diols were synthesized and characterized using different polycondensation techniques. The aliphatic diols were sufficiently volatile to allow the use of polytransesterifications, which gave high‐molecular weight semicrystalline materials with good thermal stability. In particular, the polyester based on ethylene glycol displayed properties comparable with those of its aromatic counterpart, poly(ethylene terephthalate), namely, the most important industrial polyester. The use of isosorbide gave rise to amorphous polymers with very stiff chains and hence a high glass transition temperature and an enhanced thermal stability. The interfacial polycondensation between the acid dichloride and hydroquinone produced a semicrystalline material with features similar to those of entirely aromatic polyesters, characterized essentially by the absence of melting and poor solubility, both associated with their remarkable chain rigidity. The replacement of hydroquinone with the corresponding benzylic diol was sufficient to provide a more tractable polyester. This study provided ample evidence in favor of the exploitation of furan monomers as renewable alternatives to fossil‐based aromatic homologs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011