bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND ANTHROPOMETRIC STATUS OF MARKET WOMEN IN EHIME MBANO, IMO STATE.
Authors: Asomugha, I.C  , Ejinkeonye, U. B  , Thompson, O
Published: November 2023

Extreme poverty impedes human development in all aspects especially with regards to nutrition and health. Women are particularly vulnerable due to low socio-economic status of majority of them. The cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the nutrition knowledge, attitude towards nutrition and anthropometric status of 400 women. Questionnaire was used to collect their basic information, nutrition knowledge and attitude to nutrition. Weight, height, waist and hip circumstances were measured and used to calculate their body mass indices and waist hip ratios. They were analyzed using WHO reference while statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics for basic information, nutrition knowledge and attitude. Association between nutrition knowledge and anthropometric status was done using chi-test. Result showed that 37.3% of women were 30-41 years. Level of education showed that 44% had secondary education and 19.5% of them reported monthly income of #28000-32000. Nutrition knowledge scores indicated that 26.8% and 25.8% of the women had fair and good nutrition while 46.8% had poor knowledge. Attitude scores towards nutrition showed that more than half (55.5%) were at low risk while 4.5% were at high risk. Anthropometric status of the women showed that 44.5% were overweight while 18.3% were obese and 79% were at risk of cardiovascular diseases. There was positive association between nutrition knowledge scores and BMI but no association existed between nutrition knowledge and WHR. This shows that good nutrition knowledge along with the right attitude are crucial for right food choices in market places.
SUSTAINABLE INCOME GENERATION THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CLOTHING AND TEXTILE AFTER RETIREMENT
Authors: Abamba, Chibuzor Deborah  , Eradajire, Blessing Nkechi.  , Sr Ogbanu, Domitilla Nwabuko
Published: November 2023

The study aimed at generating income, through entrepreneurship in clothing and textile. The area studiedwas Oshimili south local Government Area of Delta State. Three research questions guided the study. Thetotal population of retirees in Delta state was estimated 2,500 retirees as at the year 2020 by pension’scommission Asaba. The population of the study comprises of all the retiree in the area who are into smallscale businesses. One hundred (100) respondents were randomly selected that formed the sample for thestudy. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection and were analyzed with percentage and amean of 2.50 was taken as the cut –off point for the item. Findings revealed that various entrepreneurshiparea such as fashion designing merchandizing, weaving clothes, laundry services, curtains and interior weremeans of generating income. Conclusions and recommendations were made, that retirees should go intomore areas of clothing and textile such as make-up, gele tying, barbering saloon to also generate moreincome.
STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING FOOD POISONING IN CATERING ESTABLISHMENTS IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL, IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Lemchi S.N. , Mbah C.A. , Okeke E.N , Ozor P.E , Adindu C.M.
Published: November 2023

This study determined the strategies for preventing food poisoning in catering establishments in OwerriMunicipal, Imo State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used to carry out the research. The populationfor the study was staff of the fast foods located in Owerri Municipal. Ten fast food centres were randomlyselected and 130 respondents served as the sample size. Questionnaire was used for data collection and theanalysis of standard deviation. The results showed that there is prevalence of food poisoning in most cateringcentres in Owerri Municipal (2.7). The results also showed that the various causes of food poisoning incatering establishments included poor hygiene practices, poor sanitary practices and food handling duringfood preparation, storage and processing (X3.5). On the appropriate measures to prevent food poisoningthe results showed that proper hand washing, washing of cooking utensils and personal hygiene wereamongst the important measures to prevent food poisoning. The study showed that utilizing these strategieswill go a long way to prevent food poisoning thus ensures food safety. Therefore, National Agency for FoodDrug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) should conduct seminars and workshops to educate the publicand the food handlers on food hygiene practices. The food handler employers should ensure strict adherenceto personal and food hygiene practices in their establishments.
REPOSITIONING HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS THROUGH CLOTHING AND TEXTILES ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS FOR ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Bob-Eze, Nwamaka N
Published: November 2023

The study examined how to reposition Home Economics Education in tertiary institutions through clothingand textiles entrepreneurial skills for economic empowerment in post covid-19 pandemic. Three specificpurposes and one hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. 33Lecturers and 416 students constituted the population and all were studied so no sampling. A structuredquestionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument was face validated by 3experienced lecturers and was tested for reliability . The reliability was established using test-retestreliability method. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.84. This indicated high consistency reliabilityof the instrument. Data was analysed using mean, standard deviation and t-test. Findings showed eighteen(18) skills that can be acquired through Clothing and Textiles in Home Economics. They include; fashiondesigning, tie and dye/batik production, development and production of patterns, dressmaking among others.Factors that impede Home Economics for skills acquisition include; lack of enough practical demonstration,inadequate facilities among others. Eleven (11) ways were proffered on how to reposition Home economicsEducation. Among them are; in-service training of lecturers and ensuring proper supervision of institution.Based on the findings, recommendations were made.
TURNING WASTE INTO WEALTH: A POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC STRATEGY OF SUSTAINBILITY
Authors: Igbineweka O. S , Efebhor E. P , Ighorhiowhunui O. J. , Okwunwa K. R.
Published: November 2023

Nigeria is part of the countries and regions impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, which is a brand-new viralillness. Virtually every area of the business has been significantly impacted and influenced by the epidemic.Waste generation and management are among the 21st century's most urgent environmental issues.Worldwide garbage quantities are continually rising despite legislative measures. It would be feasible tosave tremendous quantities of materials by enhancing reuse and recycling alternatives, in addition to thesignificant environmental effects of the large amounts of waste land occupied. The Covid-19 epidemic hada substantial influence on garbage recycling as well, which increased non-recyclable consumption inresponse to hygienic requirements as well as new consumption habits. The research was planned as adescriptive survey. This research focuses on sustainable post-Covid-19 pandemic methods for generatingmoney out of garbage. The study's conclusions showed that plastic, nylon, metal, organic fraction, nasalmasks, and other waste products may be recycled into riches both during and after the epidemic. Therefore,the study advised that in order to avoid relying on "emergency approaches," based on having to resort torises in non-recyclable consumption types, it is essential to boost level of readiness for an anticipatedincidence of any disease outbreak in the future. It will also be stated how and where to turn waste into usefulassets.
INVESTIGATION ON THE IMPACT OF POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA
Authors: Chukwuka F. O , Godwin H. E. , Uloko M. E
Published: November 2023

The Corona virus is spreading at a very rapid pace, inflicting tremendous damage to all sectors without anyexception, but nevertheless the extent of the damage and losses resulting from the pandemic differ from onesector to another and from one country to another, but what certainly counts most to people during crises isto meet their food needs rather than any other, so the aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of nutritionand food security in post Covid 19 pandemic. The scale of this was of an international level, with specialfocus on countries suffering from food insecurity. Toward this end, data provided by the Food AgricultureOrganization (FAO), and the World Health Organization (WHO) have been analyzed, as well as studiesconducted and published on the subject. The findings indicate that Covid 19 has had a huge impact onperishable food and caused remarkable food shortages in poor countries, conflict zones and war-affectedregions. Additionally, Covid 19 threatened food security even in some developed, whereas developingcountries are the most affected due to their high dependency in securing their food supplies. Finally, basedon the findings, we have suggested some recommendations that would help boosting sustainable foodsecurity. Some of them include Government should implement more robust targeted social protectionprogrammes to improve access to healthy nutritious foods as well as ensure better protections for vulnerableand marginalized food system workers and farmers who are disproportionately affected by the crisis.
WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS AND HEALTH STATUS OF HOUSEHOLDS IN UYO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN POST COVID-19 ERA
Authors: Usoroh, C. I  , Etokakpan, C. M  , Olumuyiwa, B. O
Published: November 2023

The study investigated Waste Disposal Methods and Health Status of Households in Uyo Local GovernmentArea in Post Covid-19 Era. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. Descriptive surveyresearch design was adopted in the study. The population comprised of 1,265,000 people made up of allresidents in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. A sample size of 400 respondents was drawnusing Taro Yamane sampling formula and used to collect data for the study. Stratified and simple randomsampling techniques were employed to select the respondents. A structured questionnaire titled: WasteDisposal Methods and Health Status of Households Questionnaire (WDMHSHQ) was used for datacollection. The content of the instrument was validated by three experts in cognate disciplines all inUniversity of Uyo. Cronbach Alpha statistical analysis was used to determine the internal consistency of theinstrument and the analysis yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.79. Data collected was analysed using Meanand Standard Deviation. Findings revealed that burning of wastes (cluster mean = 3. 49), dumping of wastes(cluster mean = 3.50) and compost wastes (cluster mean = 3.38) all had negative effect on the health statusof households in Uyo Local Government Area in the Post Covid-19 Era with varying cluster mean valuesand standard deviation. Based on the findings, the researchers conclude that waste disposal methods havenegative effect on health status of households in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State in the postcovid-19 Era and therefore recommend amongst others that households should engage more in the compostwastes disposal method as it has less negative effect on the health status of households in the study area
HOME MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR FOOD SECURITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Enwelim O.J. , Onariase O.E , Ihensekhien I.
Published: November 2023

The study Examined household management strategies for food security during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study employed a descriptive survey design. The population consisted 5,663,400 people of Delta State.The Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size, which was 400. The questionnaire wasused to collect data for this study. Cronbach's alpha,was used to determine the reliability of the instrumentwhich produced a r value of 0.69. Data were analysed using multiple regression, means, standard deviationand Pearson correlation. Findings showed that the factors affecting the management of home and familiesare (number of children, average age of children, family income, food availability, food diversification andfood hike) had a significant relationship with home economics, and food availability was the highestpredictor (? =.051) of home economics status; COVID 19 has an effect on food security; various copingmechanisms were employed by Deltans to alleviate the problems posed by COVID; During the COVID-19pandemic, the majority of respondents had poor home management, and there was a substantial positiveassociation between food security and home economics. It was concluded that the factors affecting homeeconomics (home management) significantly predict home economics during COVID-19 just as foodavailability was the highest predictor of home management. Several coping strategies were employed duringCOVID-19 pandemic for household survival. Besides, most respondents had unsatisfactory homemanagement during the pandemic. The government's implementation of steps to achieve food security wasprimarily advised because doing so promotes both sustainable economic growth and human health.
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES BY HOME ECONOMICS TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ASABA METROPOLIS, BEFORE, DURING AND BEYOND COVID -19
Authors: Uzoka Florence Amara , Onuorah Uloma C
Published: November 2023

This study aimed at determining Poverty Reduction Strategies by Home Economics Teachers in PublicSecondary Schools in Asaba metropolis. Three research questions guided the study. Survey research designwas adopted for the study. Fifty (50) Home Economics teachers in public Secondary Schools in AsabaMetropolis were sampled and participated in the study and the population for the study was made up of fifty(50) Home Economics teachers in the public Secondary Schools in Asaba metropolis. The instrument fordata collection was a questionnaire developed by the researcher and validated by two experts in HomeEconomics and measurement evaluation from the Delta state university Abraka Delta State. Using thePearson's product moment correlation coefficient to determine its co-efficient A correlation of 0.72 wasobtained which was high enough for the study Data analysis is was done using mean and standard deviationto answer the research questions. The result of the study among others showed that from the data analyzed,all agreed on the strategies for achieving sustainable development goals: Home Economies as skillacquisition course will go a long way eradicating poverty and unemployment in Nigeria. Insufficientorientation on practical ways to adopt in teaching, lack of appropriate facilities, instructional aids andlimited lesson periods have all militated against effective actualization of expected sustainable developmentgoals in Asaba Metropolis in Delta State Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was recommended that HomeEconomies Professionals Associations leaders should organize conferences and workshop where HomeEconomics teachers obtain adequate information of how to continue to contribute meaningfully to theachievement of sustainable development goals beyond Covid 19.
ASSESSMENT OF CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE SKILLS OF BADAGRY ASO-OKE WEAVERS IN THE UTILIZATION OF RECYCLED PLASTICS IN POST COVID-19 FOR WEALTH CREATION
Authors: Owodiong-Idemeko B.M , Adubi K.O. , Owodiong Mayen
Published: November 2023

This research investigated the influence of food insecurity in the post-corona virus era, and the perceivedissues that came with it. The Government of Nigeria decided to impose and implement limited mobility orlockdown due to the unexpected coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak and its infectious transmissionrate. The government's order for a lockdown had a severe influence on people's lifestyles and welfare,particularly with relation to food security and the contribution of home economics activities to appropriatedietary needs. The study was guided by two research questions and one hypothesis. Through the use ofstraightforward random sample methods, a total of 162 respondents were included in the study. This wasdone to check for the prevalence of depression symptoms related to insufficient feeding that happened duringthe lockdown and movement restrictions. This brought about shortage of food, lack or unavailability andinsufficient food production and its impact on Post-Covid -19 homes and families. The study's findingsinclude an increase in consumers' need for food, a shortage in food supply that results in insufficient feedingin homes, and a rise in food shortage levels in various families in the post-Covid -19 period. It was observedthat the pandemic had impact on food security in the form of food chain disruption, unequal food conditions,and uneven food distribution. The effective adoption of more comprehensive and focused social protectionprograms was advised in order to increase everyone's access to wholesome foods, even in times of need ordisaster. Governmental bodies should also make sure that the food system is effective and that, in terms ofsustainable food security, national legislation should be duty bound to recognize and incorporatesindividuals' rights.
ASSESSMENT OF HOMEMAKERS’ NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ON MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC PATIENTS IN POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ASABA
Authors: Iyegbu Rhoda Uzoamaka , Okonkwo Grace Anene
Published: November 2023

The main purpose of this study was to assess homemakers’ nutritional knowledge of the management ofdiabetic patients in post Covid-19 pandemic. Three specific objectives and research questions guided thestudy. Descriptive survey was adopted. The population of the study is infinite. The purposive samplingtechnique was used to select 100 homemakers with their client visiting the Asaba Specialist Hospital.
EFFECTS OF SOAKING, BOILING, AND TOASTING PROCESSING TECHNIQUES ON NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF PIGEON PEA FLOURS AND ORGANOLEPTIC ATTRIBUTES OF THEIR PUDDINGS AND BALLS.
Authors: Ozougwu S.U , Onyejiakor C M
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the effects of soaking, boiling and toasting processing techniques on nutrient andphytochemical composition of pigeon pea flour and the organoleptic properties of their puddings and balls.Pigeon pea and cowpea seeds which served as control were purchased, processed into flour, used for thepreparation of puddings and balls. The pigeon pea flour samples were subjected to proximate, vitamin andmineral analysis using standard methods. The data generated from organoleptic evaluation, proximate,vitamins and minerals analyses respectively, were subjected to statistical analysis with descriptive statisticsSPSS version 20. One way ANOVA was used to compare mean at p<0.05 probability level. Findings showthat the processing techniques significantly improved the nutrient properties of the pigeon pea flours.However, toasted pigeon pea flour had the highest folate (vitamin B9) content of 644.530mcg/100g andphosphorus content. Boiled pigeon pea flour had the highest iron content of 2.205mcg/100g.. Boiled pigeonpea flour had the highest protein and iron content and soaked pigeon pea flour had the highest moisture,crude fiber and Vitamin B3 contents. Hence, to improve micronutrient intake such as folate and phosphorus,toasting processing technique is highly recommended
PROXIMATE AND VITAMINS ASSESSMENT OF NONI JUICE, LEAVES AND SEEDS AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD SECURITY WELLNESS FOOD IN GLOBAL HEALTH
Authors: NWAKANMA Chidiebere , AKUJUOBI Gloria
Published: November 2023

Rapid changes in dietary lifestyles, global challenges of diseases present in developing countries like Nigeria is constantly increasing making the researcher to investigate the proximate and Vitamins assessment of homemade Noni juice, leaves and seeds as a functional food security wellness food in global health. The main purpose of the study was to produce juice from Noni (MorindaCritifolia). Specifically, the study determined the proximate composition of Noni Juice, Leaves and seeds, and determined theVitamin A, B and C composition of Noni Juice, 2 leaves and seeds. The study adopted research and Development (R&D) design to produce wellness fruit juice from Noni fruits, processed Noni seeds and leaves into powdered form. All the produced samples were subjectedto analysis to ascertain their contents. The proximate analysis results revealed moisture content of the samples ranged from 8.27 ± 0.04 to 92.55 ± 0.40, protein ranged 0.04 ± 0.01 to 14.33 ± 0.02, and fat content ranged 2.0 ± 0.01 to 3.98 ± 0.03%. Ash content ranged 1.06 ± 0.04 to 9.76 ± 0.03% crude fibre ranged 0.03 ± 0.01 to 28.70 ± 0.01%, Carbohydrate ranged 2.36 ± 0.39 to 53.45± 0.05% respectively. The vitamins results revealed the presence of reasonable amount of Vitamin A, B2 and C in the Noni Juice, leaves and seeds which shows that when taken it will help to prevent diseases like cancer, diabetes etc that is prevalent in Nigeria. This work had proved that Noni plant is a zero waste plant. It was recommended that home makers in Nigeria should plant the crop intheir various home gardens. The vegetables of Noni (MorindaCritifolia) can be diversified into different processing methods and utilized in food preparation. The seeds can be grounded into powdered form and use as a substitute to other beverages and sauce for food preparation. Value added products will helps to alleviate nutrients deficiency diseases. Consumers' awareness on the potential of Noni (MorindaCritifolia) should be reawakened through advertisement. Sensory evaluation should be conducted by another researcher; this will help to popularize the crop.
NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORY, EVALUATION OF BLENDED FLOUR OF WHITE- MAIZE,BENISEED AND DATE- FRUIT FOR PRODUCTION OF CAKE FOR ACTUALISING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors: OPALEKE D.O , SALAMI L.I , IHENSEKHIEN, Isoken , ISHAQ H.O
Published: November 2023

The study evaluated the sensory and nutritional attributes of blends of white maize and beniseed(Gorigo) flour sweetened with date fruit in cake production. The experimental research design was adopted for the study.Six coded samples of cake produced from wheat, Maize flour, beniseed flour and date fruit: WHS(100%Wheat +Sugar), WHD(100% Wheat +Date), MS(100% Maize+sugar), MD(100% Maize +Date), MBS(50% Maize+50% Beniseed+sugar), MBD(50% Maize+50% Beniseed+Date) were subjected to proximate content dtermination and sensory evaluation. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics.The result revealed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the colour, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptability of the products, with the sampleWHSbeing most preferred and the sample MD (being least preferred. Sample MBD was least preferred across all sensory quality and overall acceptability.Result of nutritional composition of samples showed that crude protein, moisture, crude fat, crude fibre and ash increased from 7.31 to 11.70, 9.80 to 12.47, 17.26 to 20.17, 2.03 to 2.35, and 1.05 to 1.84 respectively in the maize-beniseed-datesample. However, carbohydrate content reduced from 60.27 in the wheat-date sample to 1.49 in the maize-beniseed-date sample. WHS was most preferred with mean score of 7.73, while sample MDwas least preferred with mean score of 5.40.The study concludes that the maize-beniseed-date sample least preferred across all sensory qualities, the nutritional composition of sample showed that crude protein, moisture, crude fat, crude fibre and ash increased in the maize-beniseed-date sample. It was therefore recommended that the production of maize-beniseed-date sample should be encouraged for its rich source of nutrients, and dietitians should recommend the maize-beniseed-date caketo patients with gluten sensitivity (Celiac patients) and those with protein-energy malnutrition.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND HOME ECONOMICS SKILLS IN ACTUALIZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF VISION 2030
Authors: AGBIGBE Ese
Published: November 2023

Innovative thinking and creativity leadto acquisition of skills and opportunities which are embedded in the studyof Entrepreneurship education and Home Economics. Teaching these courses in Nigerian schools is one ways ofattaining and actualizing sustainable development goals of vision 2030. Equipping the youths with various skillsthrough training will lead to the realization of different opportunities in Entrepreneurship and Home Economicsthis will go a long way in actualizing development goals of vision 2030, which aims at a hunger free, poverty freenation and employment opportunities everywhere. This paper attempts to look at the concept ofEntrepreneurship and Home Economics with their objectives, concept of skills, sustainable development and therole of Entrepreneurship education and Home Economics in actualizing sustainable development of vision 2030.In conclusion, it was recommended that, Entrepreneurship education and Home Economics be introduced at alllevels of educational institutions from nursery to university, so that solid foundation will be laid on which careerswill be built through skills acquired on training.
ENHANCING EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION IN EDO STATE: IMPLICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: UWAMEIYE UWAMEIYE, B. E , OKOSUN OKOSUN, C. J , Isoken IHIENSENKHIEN, Isoken
Published: November 2023

This study focussed on enhancing employability skills among undergraduates of Home Economics Education in Edo State. The specific purpose of the study was to determine; ways of enhancing the creativity, communication and technology skills. It adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was made up 24 lecturers of Home Economics Education from the 3 tertiary institutions in Edo State and 32 graduates who are currently working in government establishments in Edo State of Nigeria. Three research questions and corresponding hypotheses guided the study. Aself-structured questionnaire was used to gather data for the study. The mean and standard deviation were employed to answer the research question while the t-test was applied to test the hypotheses at.05level of significance. Findings revealed 14 ways of enhancing communication skills, 12 ways of enhancing technology skill and 11 ways for enhancing creative skill among Home Economics undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Edo State. Therefore one of the recommendations proffered by the study was that, all stake holders responsible for training and teaching Home Economics Education students must improve on their methods of impacting knowledge by incorporating these employability skills for teaching and to ensure graduates are equipped for employment.
Maria Martone, Gian Gaspare Napolitano e Novellieri inglesi e americani
Authors: Paladin Nicola
Published: November 2023

The essay analyzes the section “Americani” in the anthology Novellieri inglesi e americani, published in 1944 by Salvatore De Carlo, edited by Maria Martone in collaboration with her husband Gian Gaspare Napolitano. The volume can be considered as the first answer to Elio Vittorini’s Americana, published by Bompiani in 1942. Though praising the importance of Vittorini’s work, Martone and Napolitano differentiate their text in terms of selective criteria. This essay wishes to demonstrate the influence exerted on Martone and Napolitano’s anthology by Henry Louis Mencken’s studies on the autonomy of the American language as opposed to British English (The American Language, 1919).
Scaling of an antibody validation procedure enables quantification of antibody performance in major research applications
Authors: Ayoubi Riham , Ryan Joel , Biddle Michael S , Alshafie Walaa , Fotouhi Maryam , Bolivar Sara Gonzalez , Ruiz Moleon Vera , Eckmann Peter , Worrall Donovan , McDowell Ian , Southern Kathleen , Reintsch Wolfgang , Durcan Thomas M , Brown Claire , Bandrowski Anita , Virk Harvinder , Edwards Aled M , McPherson Peter , Laflamme Carl
Published: November 2023

Antibodies are critical reagents to detect and characterize proteins. It is commonly understood that many commercial antibodies do not recognize their intended targets, but information on the scope of the problem remains largely anecdotal, and as such, feasibility of the goal of at least one potent and specific antibody targeting each protein in a proteome cannot be assessed. Focusing on antibodies for human proteins, we have scaled a standardized characterization approach using parental and knockout cell lines (Laflamme et al., 2019) to assess the performance of 614 commercial antibodies for 65 neuroscience-related proteins. Side-by-side comparisons of all antibodies against each target, obtained from multiple commercial partners, have demonstrated that: (i) more than 50% of all antibodies failed in one or more applications, (ii) yet, ~50–75% of the protein set was covered by at least one high-performing antibody, depending on application, suggesting that coverage of human proteins by commercial antibodies is significant; and (iii) recombinant antibodies performed better than monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. The hundreds of underperforming antibodies identified in this study were found to have been used in a large number of published articles, which should raise alarm. Encouragingly, more than half of the underperforming commercial antibodies were reassessed by the manufacturers, and many had alterations to their recommended usage or were removed from the market. This first study helps demonstrate the scale of the antibody specificity problem but also suggests an efficient strategy toward achieving coverage of the human proteome; mine the existing commercial antibody repertoire, and use the data to focus new renewable antibody generation efforts.
Allosteric activation of the co-receptor BAK1 by the EFR receptor kinase initiates immune signaling
Authors: Mühlenbeck Henning , Tsutsui Yuko , Lemmon Mark A , Bender Kyle W , Zipfel Cyril
Published: November 2023

Transmembrane signaling by plant receptor kinases (RKs) has long been thought to involve reciprocal trans-phosphorylation of their intracellular kinase domains. The fact that many of these are pseudokinase domains, however, suggests that additional mechanisms must govern RK signaling activation. Non-catalytic signaling mechanisms of protein kinase domains have been described in metazoans, but information is scarce for plants. Recently, a non-catalytic function was reported for the leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-RK subfamily XIIa member EFR (elongation factor Tu receptor) and phosphorylation-dependent conformational changes were proposed to regulate signaling of RKs with non-RD kinase domains. Here, using EFR as a model, we describe a non-catalytic activation mechanism for LRR-RKs with non-RD kinase domains. EFR is an active kinase, but a kinase-dead variant retains the ability to enhance catalytic activity of its co-receptor kinase BAK1/SERK3 (brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated kinase 1/somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 3). Applying hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) analysis and designing homology-based intragenic suppressor mutations, we provide evidence that the EFR kinase domain must adopt its active conformation in order to activate BAK1 allosterically, likely by supporting αC-helix positioning in BAK1. Our results suggest a conformational toggle model for signaling, in which BAK1 first phosphorylates EFR in the activation loop to stabilize its active conformation, allowing EFR in turn to allosterically activate BAK1.
Comparison of Multiple Hop Test Kinematics Between Force-Platforms and Video Footage – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: P Sharp Anthony , B Cronin John , Neville Jonathon , N Diewald Shelley , Stolberg Michael , Draper Nick , Walter Sibi
Published: November 2023

Background: Multiple hop performances have been assessed using force-platforms and motion-capture cameras. However, the accessibility of these technologies might be a hindering factor for many performance coaches. Currently, tablet devices are being used as alternatives to measure jumping and hopping performances. Objective: This study aimed to compare multiple hop kinematics using the Kinovea application with force-platforms, the gold standard. Methods: Using an observational cross-sectional study design, male athletes (n=44; age 20.1 ± 1.4 years) completed triple hops (3-Hop) and quintuple hops (5-Hop) on force-platforms while being filmed using an iPad. Ground contact time, flight time and total time were analysed using Kinovea and compared with the force platform data. Results: Statistical analysis showed a high level of agreement across all variables of interest but significant differences (flight time; -2.14 to -5.96 %, ground contact time; 4.89 to 5.83 %, total time; -0.37 to -0.58%) were observed across all variables of interest. A systematic bias for flight and ground contact times were seen for 3-Hop and 5-Hop. Conclusion: The use of iPad and Kinovea application can be used as a valid alternative to measure multiple hop kinematics when performance coaches do not have access to expensive force-platforms or motion-capture cameras.
Seasonal Change in Countermovement Jump Performance in NCAA Women’s Golfers
Authors: Donahue Paul T , Moore Juliana , McInnis Ayden K , Simpson Jeffrey D. , Garner John C
Published: November 2023

Background of Study: The countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) task has been reported to have positive associations with golf-specific performance variables. Additionally, the CMJ is commonly used to assess neuromuscular fatigue in athletic populations. Objective: Thus, this investigation sought to examine the changes in CMJ performance throughout a competitive season in NCAA collegiate women’s golfers. Methods: Using a longitudinal study design, six collegiate women golfers completed three sessions (pre, mid, and post) of CMJ testing during the spring competition period. During each testing session, two successful jump trials were collected using a portable force platform sampling at 1000 Hz. During each trial, an arm swing was restricted by the use of a dowel placed across the upper back. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine if differences were present between testing sessions. Results: Propulsive net impulse significantly increased from pre to mid (p 0.05) and pre to post (p 0.05). No other variables showed a statistically significant change over the duration of the study, though moderate effect size increases were in countermovement depth from pre to mid-testing (0.73) and jump height from pre to post-testing (0.72). Conclusions: These findings support previous findings of an increase in vertical jump performance over the course of a season in collegiate golfers, though strategies for maximal performance may shift.
The impact of obesity on static and proactive balance and gait patterns in sarcopenic older adults: an analytical cross-sectional investigation
Authors: Ferhi Hamza , Maktouf Wael
Published: November 2023

Background

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the susceptibility of older adults to falls and related injuries. While existing literature has established a connection between obesity and reduced postural stability during stationary stances, the direct implications of obesity on walking dynamics, particularly among the older adults with sarcopenia, are not yet comprehensively understood.

Objective

Firstly, to investigate the influence of obesity on steady-state and proactive balance, as well as gait characteristics, among older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO); and secondly, to unearth correlations between anthropometric characteristics and balance and gait parameters in the same demographic.

Methods

A cohort of 42 participants was categorized into control (CG; n = 22; age = 81.1 ± 4.0 years; BMI = 24.9 ± 0.6 kg/m²) and sarcopenic obese (SOG; n = 20; age = 77.7 ± 2.9 years; BMI = 34.5 ± 3.2 kg/m²) groups based on body mass index (BMI, kg/m²). Participants were assessed for anthropometric data, body mass, fat and lean body mass percentages (%), and BMI. Steady-state balance was gauged using the Romberg Test (ROM). Proactive balance evaluations employed the Functional Reach (FRT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. The 10-m walking test elucidated spatiotemporal gait metrics, including cadence, speed, stride length, stride time, and specific bilateral spatiotemporal components (stance, swing, 1st and 2nd double support, and single support phases) expressed as percentages of the gait cycle.

Results

The time taken to complete the TUG and ROM tests was significantly shorter in the CG compared to the SOG (p < 0.05). In contrast, the FRT revealed a shorter distance achieved in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). The CG exhibited a higher gait speed compared to the SOG (p < 0.05), with shorter stride and step lengths observed in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Regarding gait cycle phases, the support phase was longer, and the swing phase was shorter in the SOG compared to the CG group (p < 0.05). LBM (%) showed the strongest positive correlation with the ROM (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), gait speed (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), TUG (r = −0.80, p < 0.001) and FRT (r = 0.74, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Obesity induces added complexities for older adults with sarcopenia, particularly during the regulation of steady-state and proactive balance and gait. The percentage of lean body mass has emerged as a crucial determinant, highlighting a significant impact of reduced muscle mass on the observed alterations in static postural control and gait among older adults with SO.
Long Term and Seasonal Rainfall Trend in Bapatla District of Andhra Pradesh Using Advanced Statistical Methods
Authors: Swarnalatha P. , Srinivas R. , Yamini Leela A.  , Babu K. Jeevan , Rao V. Srinivasa , Rathod Santosha , Ramesh D.
Published: November 2023

The primary objective of this study is to analyse the annual and seasonal rainfall trends in the Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh over the long term. The seasonal rainfall data for Bapatla district was collected from the NASA Power website and covering the period from January 1982 to December 2021. To gain insights into the patterns present in the rainfall data for Bapatla district, a combination of parametric methods, including linear regression, and non-parametric tests such as the Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope test, Modified-Mann Kendall test, Innovative trend analysis were employed in this approach. The randomness of the rainfall data under investigation was assessed using the Wallis and Moore test. To detect the single change point of the rainfall pattern Pettitt test was employed. The results of linear regression trend method exhibited both increasing and declining trends in rainfall pattern. Notably, the months of April, May and June months exhibited a statistically significant increasing trend other months exhibited no significant trend in Mann-Kendall test, modified Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope tests. The monsoon season exhibited a statistically significant trend and pre-monsoon, post-monsoon periods and anuual rainfall exhibited non-significant trends in Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope tests.  Moreover, the pre monsoon and monsoon seasons exhibited significant trend in rainfall pattern of Bapatla district by modified Mann-Kendal test. This study serves to raise awareness among agricultural stakeholders, particularly farmers, regarding the fluctuations in monthly and seasonal rainfall patterns and enables them to more effectively allocate resources and prepare for anticipated water shortages during non-monsoon months.
Revolutionizing Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Nanotechnology Applications
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Singh Gaurav Ayodhya , Gourkhede Papita H. , Goutam Pawan Kumar , Laxman T. , Pandey Shivam Kumar , Singh Prachi
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive review paper, titled "Revolutionizing Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Nanotechnology Applications," explores the transformative role of nanotechnology in modern agriculture. In a world grappling with food security and environmental challenges, nanotechnology offers innovative solutions that significantly impact the agriculture sector. This paper delves into key topics, including the fundamentals of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials and their applications in agriculture, crop improvement, soil management, pest and disease control, environmental and safety considerations, and the future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture. The review underscores the importance of nanotechnology in addressing global agricultural challenges, enhancing crop productivity, and ensuring sustainable food production while navigating environmental constraints. By examining the latest research and real-world examples, this review provides valuable insights into the burgeoning field of nanotechnology applications in agriculture, highlighting the significance of interdisciplinary research and responsible nanomaterial utilization.
Effect of Different Seedling Growing Media on Tomato and Cabbage Seedling
Authors: Hazarika Mainu , Saikia Jumi , Gogoi Sailen , Kumar Praveen , Handique Karobi , Patel Sushree Sunandita , Barooah Luna
Published: November 2023

The experiment, conducted during the 2018-20 rabi season at Assam Agricultural University's Experimental Farm in Jorhat, encompassed four different media compositions and two crops, yielding eight treatment combinations. These treatments were arranged in a RBD with three replications. The results demonstrated that the choice of seedling growth media had a significant impact on the performance of both tomato and cabbage seedlings. Tomato seedlings exhibited superior performance when nurtured in plug trays with a growth medium consisting of 50% coconut and 50% vermicompost (M2). These seedlings displayed higher emergence rates, enhanced growth, and increased yields. For cabbage seedlings, the most effective medium consisted of 50% coconut, 50% vermicompost, and a microbial consortium (M3). Notably, both M2 and M3 media formulations also showcased superior field performance. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of carefully selecting seedling growth media to enhance crop productivity. It recommends the use of M2 for tomato seedlings and M3 for cabbage seedlings to maximize performance. Further research and field trials are recommended to validate these findings across different growing conditions. Ultimately, the research highlights the potential for tailored seedling growth media to significantly increase the agricultural productivity and yield.
Antiappetizing and Repellent Effect of Biopesticides ASTOUN 50 EC and NECO 50 EC on Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under in vitro Conditions
Authors: Virgile Kouassi Kouassi , Didier Kouamé Konan , Félicia Johnson , Jacques-Edouard Yao Kouadio , Nozéné Ble-Binaté , Noël Koné Klinnanga , Daouda Koné
Published: November 2023

This study is part of the search for means and methods of sustainable control of Eldana saccharina, the main pest of sugarcane cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire. Despite efforts to control the pest through the selection of resistant varieties, the cultivation of healthy cuttings and the elimination of alternative host plants, the damage, which is already economically significant, continues to increase in the sugarcane-growing areas of Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two proven biopesticides, ASTOUN 50 EC and NECO 50 EC, on the palatability of E. saccharina larvae and adults. Firstly, different ages of larvae were reared on two nutrient media such as artificial medium and natural medium treated with increasing concentrations of the two biopesticides. 14, 21 and 28 days old larvae were incubated and changes in larval palatability were assessed over a 5-day period. The concentrations of biopesticides tested were 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 ml/l. In addition, the repellent effect of the biopesticides on the adults was assessed using the preferential zone method. The results showed that the biopesticide ASTOUN 50 EC is highly antiappetizing for larvae and repellent for adults of E. saccharina, unlike NECO 50 EC. It also greatly reduced the rate of oviposition in the treated compartments. This biopesticide can be tested in vivo for use against Eldana saccharina.
Modelling Groundwater Quality of Aba in Abia State Using Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Kanu Ogbonnaya Paul , Ugwoha Ejikeme , Udeh Ngozi U. , Amah Victor
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to model the groundwater quality of Aba in Abia state. To achieve the aim, thirty-two water samples were taken from sixteen boreholes during the rainy and dry seasons and analysed in the laboratory for pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Hardness, BOD5, COD, Pb, Cd, Cr, NH3, TDS, SO4, NO3 and PO4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were employed to extract the principal factors and develop a model for predicting water quality index for Aba, Abia State. In the dry season, water quality index could be estimated using the Water Quality Index (WQI) model with pH, PO4, COD, SO4 and Pb with Adjusted R2 = 0.999999999938 and standard error of 0.043868872. Meanwhile, in the rainy season, WQI could be estimated using the WQI model with Turbidity, PO4, NO3, COD, SO4 and Pb with Adjusted R2 = 0.999999997469 and standard error of 0.066697494. The one-way ANOVA for the parameters in the dry season with p = 0.000 < 0.05 indicated that leachate had a large effect on groundwater quality. During the rainy season, one-way ANOVA result with p = 0.000 < 0.05 asserted that leachate had a large effect on groundwater quality.
A Malian Rice Seed Endophyte Bacteria Control Efficiently the Growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola
Authors: Ouattara Djeneba , Dao Sognan , Dicko Amadou Hamadoun , Kassogué Adounigna , Nantoumé Djeneba , Mallé Ibrahima , Bagayogo Mamadou W. , Koné Seydou , Doumbia Bakaye , Faradji Fatouma Alhadji , Diallo Kangaye Amadou , Diarra Ousmane , Samaké Salimatou , Fané Rokiatou , Coulibalily Moctar , Dembelé Christiane , Babana Amadou Hamadoun
Published: November 2023

Aims: In Mali, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important cereal in the food system and important losses in rice production are caused by bacterial diseases. Despite the important rice losses in production and the proven ability of some bacteria to control rice pathogens, in Mali very few studies have been carried out in biocontrol. With the aim of improving food security, the objective of this work is to select, at least one endophyte bacteria with great capacity to inhibit the growth Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola.

Study Design: This experimental research involving a Malian local rice cultivar named Kogoni and biocontrol endophyte bacteria isolated from rice in Mali.

Pace and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in greenhouse at LaboREM-Biotech and in the field at the Office of irrigated perimeters of Baguineda (OPIB) for 3 years.

Study Design: To achieve this objective, pathogenic bacteria (Xoo and Xoc) circulating in rice fields of Mali were identified, endophyte bacteria from the bacterial collection of the LaboREM with high antagonistic activities against the identified pathogens were selected, and the efficacy of the selected endophytes to inhibit the growth of these pathogens in vitro were tested.

Results: A total of five isolates, including 3 from Xoo and 2 from Xoc, were isolated in Niono from two varieties of rice: Kogoni91-1 and Adny11. No isolate characteristic of Xanthomonas oryzae was observed on samples from Baguineda. The three selected rice endophytes were tested in vitro to assess their effectiveness in controlling Xoo and Xoc. Following this test, 100% of the endophytes showed significant antimicrobial activity against Xoo and Xoc with an inhibition diameter varying between 6 and 28.5mm. endo Ad9 was selected for its strong ability to inhibit the growth of both pathogens at the same time.