bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Prognostic Signature Based on Immune-Related Genes Associated with Tumor Microenvironment for Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen Chen , Li Qi , Jin Zhechuan , Su Jingbo , Zhang Jian , Fu Jialu , Zhang Dong , Geng Zhimin
Published: October 2021

Background

Several studies indicate immune related genes (IRGs) dramatically correlates with tumorigenesis and progress of cancer. However, the association IRGs and the value in predicting the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to discover reliable biomarkers based on IRGs signature to predict survival in CCA.
Methods

Gene expression profiles of CCA patients were collected from TCGA and GEO database. Univariate, multivariate and Lasso (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) Cox analysis was used to identify IRGs signature. Subsequently, a nomogram that predicts outcomes for CCA patients based on IRGs signature was constructed to visualize prognosis. We also explored the relationships between tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and IRGs. GDSC database was used to explore potential targeted drugs. Tissue samples of 23 CCA patients were collected and qRT-PCR were employed to validate the mRNA level of IRGs.
Results

5 IRGs (AVPR1B, CST4, TDGF1, RAET1E and IL9R) were identified as robust indicators for OS. A prognostic model based on IRGs signature can significantly stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Meanwhile, ROC indicated that the risk model had satisfactory performance. We also observed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for OS and built a nomogram. The low-risk group had a significantly higher percentage of infiltrated macrophages M1 than the high-risk group. Through analyzing the GDSC database, the high-risk group demonstrated drug sensitivity to some targeted drugs such as AMG 706 and Thapsigargin. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR were consistent with bioinformatics analysis.
Conclusions

We established a novel IRGs signature to predict prognosis for CCA. The risk model exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency in predicting OS.
LeukoSegmenter: A Double Encoder-decoder Based Network for Leukocyte Segmentation From Blood Smear Images
Authors: Dhalla Sabrina , Mittal Ajay , Gupta Savita
Published: October 2021

Segmentation of blood cells is a prerequisite step in automated morphological analysis of blood smear images, cell count determination and diagnosis of various diseases such as leukemia. It is extremely challenging due to different sizes, shapes, morphological characteristics and overlapping of blood cells. Due to its complicated nature, it is generally performed as a sequence of steps. However, sequential segmentation results in restricted accuracy due to cascading of errors that creep during each stage. On the contrary, pixel-wise segmentation of blood cells is a single step task and gives promising results. In this paper, we propose LeukoSegmenter, a double encoder-decoder for precise pixel-wise segmentation of leukocytes from blood smear images. It uses pre-trained ResNet18 based encoders and U-Net based decoders. Feature maps obtained from the first network are utilised as attention maps. These are used as input in conjunction with the original 3-channel image to obtain final mask from the second network. This mechanism allows the latter encoder-decoder pair to focus explicitly on leukocytes and ignore other blood cells and debris, thus improving the segmentation accuracy. Experiments on ALL-IDB1 dataset show that the proposed LeukoSegmenter achieves intersection-over-union score of 94.6827% and Dice score of 97.1987% which is superior than that of state-of-the-art methods.
Soft Tissue Defects of Neck and Shoulder Managed by Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Transthoracic Transposition
Authors: Abula Abulaiti , Liu Yanshi , Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Ren Peng , Abulaiti Alimujiang , Maimaiti Xiayimaierdan , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in repairing neck and shoulder soft tissue defects combined with infection.MethodsA total of 11 patients with neck and shoulder soft tissue defects combined with infection, from July 2017 to December 2019, were treated by pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (PLDMF) in our department. There were 9 males and 2 females with an average age of 40.2±12.6 years. The mean defect size after debridement was (7.0±1.3) cm × (4.8±1.2) cm, and the average size of the flaps was (34.4±3.8) cm × (6.0±1.0) cm. The donor site was sutured directly. The postoperative blood supply in the transferred flap and function recovery of the affected limb were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsSeven cases obtained direct healed without significant complications. Four cases developed postoperative infections at the distal ends of the skin flaps, and they were successfully treated by anti-infection treatment and repeated dressing changes. All patients were regularly followed up with an average of 17.3±3.8 months, satisfactory results with good flap blood supply and limb function were achieved in all patients, and no recurrence of infection was observed. ConclusionsPLDMF is a practically alternative treatment for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects combined with infection in neck and shoulder, including advantages of high survival rate, satisfactory functional recovery, and clinical practicality. However, surgical indications should be taken into account due to the inferior aesthetic appearance, especially for young female.
Reconstructing antibody dynamics to estimate the risk of influenza virus infection
Authors: Tsang Tim , Perera Ranawaka , Fang Vicky , Wong Jessica , Shiu Eunice , So Hau Chi , Ip Dennis , Peiris Malik , Leung Gabriel , Cowling Benjamin , Cauchemez Simon
Published: October 2021

For >70 years, a 4-fold or greater rise in antibody titer has been used to confirm influenza virus infections in paired sera, despite recognition that this heuristic can lack sensitivity. Here we analyze with a novel Bayesian model a large cohort of 2,353 individuals followed for up to 5 years in Hong Kong to characterize influenza antibody dynamics and develop an algorithm to improve the identification of influenza virus infections. After infection, we estimate that hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) titers were boosted by 16-fold on average and subsequently decrease by 14% per year. Greater boosting in HAI titer is observed in epidemics with a circulating strain that is different from the previous epidemic. In six epidemics, the infection risks for adults were 3%-19% while the infection risks for children were 1.6-4.4 times higher than that of younger adults. Every two-fold increase in pre-epidemic HAI titer was associated with 19%-58% protection against infection. Among the 1731 infections inferred by our model, around half were missed by the 4-fold rise criteria, suggesting that this criteria underestimates infection risks by 23-70%. The sensitivity and specificity of identifying infections for our approach are 87% (95% CrI: 85%, 89%) and 98% (95% CrI: 97%, 98%) respectively, which are higher than 82% (95% CrI: 80%, 84%) and 96% (95% CrI: 96%, 97%) for using 4-fold rise criteria. Our inferential framework clarifies the contributions of age and pre-epidemic HAI titers to characterize individual infection risk and offers an improved algorithm to identify influenza virus infections.
Predicting Hospitalization Risk of Suspected COVID-19 Patients Using a Machine Learning Methodology
Authors: Torres Alesson Mansur , Silva Amanda de Araujo Batista , Figueiredo Karla
Published: October 2021

New SARS-CoV-2 variants and the delay in immunization hinders COVID-19 mitigation. The pressure on healthcare systems caused by the disease has been a challenge for hospital managers. Thus, rapid assessment of hospitalization risk can support the management of hospital resources, increasing treatment opportunities for patients at higher risk, especially in case of high demands for hospitalizations. In this retrospective study, we propose a hospitalization prediction model based on classical Machine Learning algorithms: Logistic Regression (LR), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Classifier (SVC). Our proposed classifier combines the results of the two algorithms, which have the best accuracies in order to reduce true-positive misclassification. We included 6,967 COVID-19 patients from São Paulo, Brazil, who had been admitted at the Hospital Sírio Libanês from February 26th to December 28th, 2020. The achieved accuracy was 90.4%, with only 7% of false-negative patients (NPV=0.82). Our results suggest that the prediction model proposed can be an efficient tool in screening COVID-19 hospitalization risk patients.
Implementação de Rede Neural Convolucional para Predição de COVID-19 Através de Imagens de Raio X
Authors: Sena Erik , Rocha Honovan
Published: October 2021

A COVID-19 é uma das grandes ameaças do século, desta forma, tornou-se uma necessidade prevenir a propagação do vírus para diminuir a carga nos leitos de UTI. Desta maneira, torna-se relevante o desenvolvimento de ferramentas para auxílio ao diagnóstico de casos positivos da doença. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo, implementação e ajuste de uma Rede Neural Convolucional para classificação de pacientes com a doença. O modelo implementado foi incialmente aplicado ao banco de dados MNIST com o propósito de ajustar e validar a arquitetura da rede, em seguida, foi ajustado e aplicado a uma base de dados composta por imagens de radiografia da região toráxica de pacientes saudáveis e com COVID-19. Os experimentos realizados mostraram que a abordagem proposta obteve desempenho superior a alguns métodos do estado da arte, classificando corretamente mais de 97% dos pacientes com COVID-19. Os resultados demonstram que a abordagem proposta gera boa separabilidade entre classes, podendo ser usado como ferramenta de auxílio ao diagnóstico.
Predição de séries temporais da COVID19: uma avaliação de redes neurais com células LSTM
Authors: Leite Saulo Joel Oliveira , Oliveira Roberto Célio Limão , Campos Lídio Mauro Lima
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho será discutido como foi desenvolvido um modelo de Redes Neurais LSTM, para predição de séries temporais de casos confirmados e mortes, por COVID-19, com a biblioteca de Deep Learning Keras. A COVID-19 é a doença causada pelo coronavírus denominado SARS-CoV-2, que tem acarretado num grande número de infectados em nível global. Como se fez necessário o uso de dados fidedignos, a base de dados utilizada para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, é de domínio público e foi cedida pela Universidade Johns Hopkins. Os dados de casos confirmados e mortes do Brasil, Índia e EUA foram comparados e selecionados para realização de predições. As redes neurais Long Short-Term Memory são capazes de aprender longas sequências de observações para, deste modo, realizarem previsões. Assim sendo, o modelo construído obteve bons resultados para a predição de dados referentes a casos confirmados e mortes da pandemia de COVID19.
PRESERVING THE FEATURES OF THE POETIC LANGUAGE IN TRANSLATION
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, MARINA I. SVESHNIKOVA
Published: October 2021

The poetic language of any author is unique and original. The translation of the poetic works of many Russian (and not only Russian) poets causes certain difficulties. The poetic language of I. A. Bunin has its own peculiarities. It is necessary to consider the features of his lyrics to translate the poetic works of I. A. Bunin, and the translator faces these difficulties when translating the text into another language. In particular, it is necessary to take into account the significant difference in the phonetic, lexical and grammatical design of the text due to differences in the systems of the Russian and French languages when translating into French. The main principle of the organization of Bunin's poetic phonics is the principle of sound similarity. These, as well as special linguistic means related to the realities of language and culture, do not always find full equivalents in another language. A great difficulty in translating the poems of I.A. Bunin is also the grammatical design of the works.
Lettres de Henri Roorda à Jacques Gross
Authors: Losseroy Gilles
Published: October 2021

De la correspondance échangée entre J. Gross et H. Roorda de 1894 à 1923, seules demeurent les lettres de Roorda. Cet article en propose la synthèse, et la mise en perspective des actions et réflexions des deux correspondants au sein du mouvement anarchiste.

Keywords : Henri Roorda, Jacques Gross, anarchie, libertaire, solidarité, lectures, livres, pédagogie.
"Nomen Nominandum". La photographie comme modèle inconnu dans les carnets de voyage en Italie au début du xixe siècle
Authors: Mohs Johanne
Published: October 2021

Pour l’histoire de l’art, les expérimentations chimiques qui ont conduit à l’invention de la photographie au début du xixe siècle sont secondaires. Ce n’est pas la fixation réussie de l’image lumineuse dans la camera obscura qui a donné naissance à ce nouveau médium, mais une nouvelle esthétique du regard qui émerge dans la peinture au début du siècle, notamment dans les croquis à l’huile de paysages. S’appuyant sur l’exemple des carnets de voyage en Italie de la même période, l’article examine dans quelle mesure cette nouvelle conception de la perspective peut également être observée dans les textes littéraires, et remet en question la datation de l’invention de la photographie à l’année 1839.

Keywords : Perspective centrale, Invention de la photographie, Carnets de voyage en Italie, Esthétique du regard, Point de vue.
Nel regno del possibile. Incontri tra fotografia e poesia nell’opera di Mario Giacomelli
Authors: Nassi Giovanni
Published: October 2021

Lo studio prende in considerazione la pratica di Mario Giacomelli di comporre serie fotografiche in relazione a testi poetici. Vengono indagati in particolare gli intrecci semantici generati dall’incontro tra gli scatti del maestro marchigiano e i versi di Mario Luzi. 

Keywords: Mario Giacomelli, Mario Luzi, La notte lava la mente, ipertesto visuale, transito.
Epistemología barroca y sentido gongorino en "Perito en lunas"
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Pedro
Published: October 2021

Se propone la clave gongorina, con los ecos del sentido profundo de sus poemas mayores, como vía de acceso a la escritura de Perito en lunas y su cosmovisión. La epistemología de la trascendencia sostiene la clave metafórica y la visión metamórfica en una construcción que integra la aparente dispersión de las octavas, mediante la articulación de las imágenes en un universo coherente de objetos naturales y mirada poética.

Keywords: Miguel Hernández, Perito en lunas, Góngora, barroco, epistemología.
La censura y Miguel Hernández
Authors: Larrabide Aitor L.
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo es un resumen del libro homónimo, escrito con Juan José Sánchez Balaguer y la extraordinaria participación de Nerea Pérez Rubio, mientras redactamos estas líneas (enero 2021), que será publicado a finales de 2021. La documentación procede, en su mayor parte, del Archivo General de la Administración (AGA), además del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Alicante (AHPA) y de la Biblioteca Pública del Estado «Fernando de Loazes» de Orihuela, instituciones a las que deseamos agradecer su colaboración.

Keywords: censura, Miguel Hernández, franquismo, historia del siglo XX, poesía del siglo XX.
Mutant Prevention Concentration Siprofloksasin Terhadap Escherichia coli Patogen dari Kloaka Broiler Secara In Vitro
Authors: Palupi Maria Fatima , Nugraha Eli , Hayati Meutia , Atikah Neneng
Published: October 2021

Mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is an in vitro test used to determine the lowest drug concentration needed to inhibit the growth of a single-step-mutant bacterial subpopulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the MPC value of ciprofloxacin against pathogenic Escherichia coli to obtained the range of mutant selection windows (MSW) of ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone group that is included in the Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine but is also used for the treatment of bacterial infections in production animals. Twenty-four of pathogenic E. coli isolates sensitive to ciprofloxacin were tested to obtain MPC values and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Test the MPC and MIC values to get the MSW range is done by the method of agar dilution. Mueller-Hinton agar containing standard ciprofloxacin was inoculated with 1010 cfu E. coli for the MPC test and 104 for the MIC test. Based on the MPC test results, the MPC value of ciprofloxacin was 4-64 μg / mL (22.96 ± 19.07 μg / mL) and there was one isolate which had an MPC> 256 μg / mL. These results give a wide range of MSW with a lower limit of the MIC value of 0.25 - 2 µg / mL (0.55 ± 0.37 µg / mL) to the upper limit of the MPC value of 4-64 µg / mL (22.96 ± 19.07 μg / mL). Based on the results of this MPC assessment it can be concluded that the dose of ciprofloxacin in production animals has a wide range of MSW that is allow for single-step mutants.
Hematology Profile and Liver Histopathology in Escherichia coli Infected Layers Treated with Combination of Phyllanthus ( Phyllanthus niruri L. ) and Turmeric ( Curcuma domestica )
Authors: Hartati Sri , Untari Tri , Sutrisno Bambang , Fitriana Ida
Published: October 2021

Colibacillosis a disease that can cause considerable economic loss, remains an important health problem. Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus niruri L) and turmeric (Curcuma domestica) are herbs that can be used as immunomodulators. This study was aimed to determine the level of safety of the combination of phyllanthus and turmeric on hematology profile and liver histopathology of layers with colibacillosis. The layers were assigned to the following of 5 groups: a) colibacillosis group without treatment, b) colibacillosis group with 500 mg/kg BW of phyllanthus, c) colibacillosis group with 300 mg/kg BW of turmeric, d) colibacillosis group with phyllanthus and turmeric combination (1:1), e) colibacillosis group with combination of phyllanthus and turmeric (1:2) . After 21 days of treatment, blood and liver sample were collected. The hematological profile (hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts) and liver histology were examined. The result were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. The group that received phyllanthus had higher levels of hemoglobine, haematocrit and erythrocytes than the control group. However, no significant differences were found for the overall groups. Treatment with the combination of turmeric and phyllanthus for 21 days did not cause changes in the hematological profiles or liver histology, and therefor this herbal combination can be used as an alternative therapy for colibacillosis in layers.
Tantangan dan Kendala Pengendalian African Swine Fever
Authors: Primatika Roza Azizah , Sudarnika Etih , Sumiarto Bambang , Basri Chaerul
Published: October 2021

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease that attacks pigs and wild pigs causing economic losses for farms small and large scale. ASF outbreaks that occurred in several regions in the world have caused unrest for the livestock sector. The rapid spread of the ASF virus has resulted in very high pig mortality. ASF virus transmission can occur through direct or indirect contact. Urine and faecal excretion of pigs is an important route of ASF transmission. The ASF virus has three transmission cycles, namely the silvatic, domestic and wild boar cycles. Outbreaks that occur in several countries encourage the strategy of controlling and overcoming the disease through surveillance. ASF disease control that has been carried out includes improving farm biosecurity management systems and limiting the movement of animals and animal products before the ASF vaccine is found.
Estimasi Kadar Air Daging Sapi Berdasarkan Luas Area Jejak Air Daging Fresh Meat Water Estimate Based On Meat Water Stain Area
Authors: Husain Fakhri , Rahmawati Elok Elita , Nugroho Widagdo Sri
Published: October 2021

Daging sapi mengandung protein tinggi, zat besi, seng, selenium, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niasin, fosfor, dan asam amino esensial yang dibutuhkan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengestimasi kadar air daging sapi berdasarkan jejak air daging pada kertas. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengantisipasi pemalsuan daging (gelonggongan). Sebanyak 10 sampel daging bagian silrloin sberat 250gram diambil dari individu berbeda yang telah dipastikan dalam kondisi sehat dan normal dan dipotong di RPH. Daging dibawa dengan kotak pendingin dari ke laboratorium. Sebanyak 100gram daging diuji proksimat dan lima (5) gram untuk uji tekan dengan berat beban sebagai perlakuan yaitu 0,5 kg dan 2 kg selama 5 menit di atas kertas di kertas saring Whatmann no 1. Luas area jejak air daging pada kertas diukur menggunakan planimeter (Planix-5, Tamaya®, Jepang). Data luas area jejak air daging hasil uji tekan dan kadar  air hasil uji proksimat dianalisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan kandungan nutrisi daging yaitu kadar air -rata 74,16±1,11%, kadar abu 0,98 ± 0,09%, kadar protein 19,38±1,47%, dan kadar lemak 3,98±2,86%. Rerata luas jejak air daging menggunakan beban 0,5 kg adalah 27,03±14,3 cm2, dan persamaan linier yang dihasilkan kadar air daging (Y)= 72,925+0,046 (P>0,05), sedangakan dengan beban 2 kg menghasilkan luas rata-rata 43,37±15,67 cm2, dan persamaan linier Y = 71,573 + 0,059X (P<0,05). Berdasarkan persamaan linier dengan beban 2 kg maka kisaran luas jejak air untuk daging normal diperoleh dari 1-143 cm2 dengan perkiraan kadar air 71,63-80,01%.
Pengaruh Pemberian GnRH pada Sapi Potong yang Mengalami Kawin Berulang (Repeat Breeding)
Authors: Prihatno Surya Agus , Gustari Sri , Kusumawati Asmarani , Budiyanto Agung , Setyawan Erif Maha Nugraha , Adi Yosua Kristian
Published: October 2021

Repeat breeding is a condition in which cows have normal estrous cycles and have been mated 3 times or more but are not pregnant. The incidence of repeat breeding in beef cattle can be detrimental to breeders in terms of time, that the calving period becomes longer so that the cows cannot give birth to calves once a year. Various ways to deal with repeat breeding have been done, but the results are not optimal. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in cows with repeat breeding. A total of fifteen beef cattle with repeat breeding were used in this study. The cows were divided into 3 groups of 5 each. Cows that were estrus in the first group (as a control group) were only performed artificial insemination (AI) without GnRH injection. In the second and third groups, after AI, they were injected with GnRH at AI time and 3-4 days after AI with a dose of 5 ml (Fertagyl®, 500 µg gonadorelin) intramuscularly. A pregnancy examination was carried out three months later and the results were recorded. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using Chi-Square statistical analysis. The results of the analysis showed that there were differences in the pregnancy rate in the first group (control) with the second cow group and the third cow group, which were 20%, 80%, and 60% respectively. Based on statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in pregnancy rate (P <0.05) between the three groups. It was concluded that GnRH administration could increase the pregnancy rate in beef cattle that had repeat breeding.
Molecular Identification of Mudskipper Fish (Periophthalmus spp.) from Baros Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Aji Katon Waskito , Arisuryanti Tuty
Published: October 2021

Mudskipper fish is amphibious fish belonging to the family Gobiidae. Coastal communities widely consume mudskipper to meet their animal protein needs. Mudskipper is primarily cryptic species that are morphologically difficult to identify and distinguish from other mudskipper fish species. Consequently, it can be confused with the naming of mudskipper fish species and can affect the conservation efforts of the fish in their habitat. One of the molecular approaches that can be used to identify the fish species quickly and accurately is DNA barcoding using the COI mitochondrial gene. However, the research on the identification of mudskipper fish in Indonesia is still very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify 26 mudskipper fish from Baros Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta, using COI mitochondrial gene as a molecular marker for DNA barcoding. The method used in this study was a PCR method with universal primers, FishF2 and FishR2. The data obtained were then analyzed using GeneStudio, DNASTAR, BLAST, Identification Engine, Mesquite, MEGAX, and BEAST. The analysis was conducted to obtain similarity, genetic distance and reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. The result revealed that all 26 samples of mudskippers collected from Baros Beach were identified in one genus, namely Periophthalmus, and consisted of 3 species, namely P. kalolo (16 samples), P. argentilineatus (9 samples), and P. novemradiatus (1 sample). Furthermore, this study also discovered a suspected cryptic species in P. argentilineatus with a genetic distance of 5.46-5.96% between clade E, F compared with clade G. Further morphological studies are needed to confirm the species status of these three clades before solidly proclaim that they are cryptic species.
Enriching Lactobacilli from Fermented Pulse Dal Flour-Analyzing its Efficacy in Utilizing Carbohydrates and Production of α-galactosidase Enzyme During Pigeon Pea Fermentation
Authors: Gandhi Prachi R.
Published: October 2021

Pigeon peas are an excellent source of carbohydrates, proteins and other nutrients. Many traditional fermented foods are prepared from cereals and combinations of cereals and pulses that usually contain Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Bacillus, Enterococcus and yeast. Lactobacillus can be used as a starter culture for such fermentation using pulses, as very few reports are available on fermented pulse-based products. Hence, pulse dal flour was used as a source for isolation of Lactobacillus to maintain their functionality, growth characteristics and activity during food processing. In this study, we investigated the potential of lactobacilli from fermented pigeon pea to utilize carbohydrates, the ability to degrade non-digestible oligosaccharides and the production of the α-galactosidase enzyme. Lactobacillus isolated from six different pulse dal flour grew well during fermentation with carbohydrates in mMRS medium. Among Lactobacillus species, only Lactobacillus brevis displayed the highest α-galactosidase activity (1.24 U/ml), where raffinose was added as the sole carbohydrate source in the medium. The isolate was further tested in pigeon pea fermentation, where it showed maximum activity (1.86 U/ml) and complete hydrolysis of non-digestible oligosaccharides was observed. Overall, usage of Lactobacilli could be an excellent opportunity to design and develop a novel pulse-based fermented product contributing to beneficial bioactive compounds and improving the properties of food.
Multi-documentary cadastral audit of real estate objects
Authors: Grigoryev S.A.
Published: October 2021

The current practice of cadastral and forensic activities shows its subjectivity. The expert makes a resolution in each specific case and for each specific real estate object. The traditional priority of a paper document over an electronic one also plays an important role. The article deals with the problem of the EGRN data reliability, which, according to the author, consists in the lack of unified approaches to gathering and processing source documents, analyzing the set of real estate objects characteristics, as well as their verification (audit). The purpose of the study is to develop a method of multi-documentary cadastral audit of real estate objects, which consists of a set of procedures for processing and analyzing documented cadastral information presented in the form of a disparate documents set. The results of the study showed the possibility of unifying and justifying a reliable model of a real estate object at any time, which is essential for verifying the reliability of the registered characteristics in the EGRN and formalizing expert activities. The developed method of multi-documentary cadastral audit simulates the work of a specialist and enables automating expert activities in the field of real estate, which meets modern trends in automation and digitalization.
Comparison of Two Different Techniques in Ultrasound Guided Infraclavicular Block: Jedi and Classic Grip
Authors: CAMGÖZ SÜLEYMAN , DİKER Serap , AYTAÇ Betül GÜVEN , Aytaç İsmail
Published: October 2021

Background: The widespread use of ultrasonography in peripheral nerve
blocks requires an assistant. Pappin et al. described the “Jedi grip”
technique in which the practitioner works alone by controlling the
ultrasound prob with one hand and the needle and injector with the
other. In this study, we aimed to compare the block characteristics of
the “Jedi grip” technique with the classical technique that performed
with an assistant. Methods: 78 patients were included in our study. They
were randomly divided into two groups (Group I: Jedi grip and Group II:
Classical grip technique). Local anesthetic was applied to both groups
from 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine +10 ml of 2% prilocaine mixture. The
block characteristics were evaluated and recorded every 5 minutes for
the first 30 minutes after each block. When the sensory block score was
7 and the total score was 14 or above, the block was considered
successful, and the patient was ready for surgery. Results: There was no
significant difference between the groups in terms of block
characteristics such as block pain, number of attempts, arterial
puncture, sensory and motor block onset and regression times, time to be
ready for surgery, tourniquet pain, use of additional anesthesia method,
use of postoperative analgesia. The duration of block application was
158±47 sec in the Jedi group and 121±83 sec in the control group.
Conclusion: The Jedi grip technique has been found to be applicable with
the same confidence compared to the classical method in terms of block
success and complications.
A Reassessment of the anatomical features of multiple ventricular septal defects
Authors: Spicer Diane E. , Anderson Robert , Chowdhury Ujjwal , Sankhyan Lakshmi , George Niwin , Pandey Niraj , Gupta Saurabh , Goja Shikha
Published: October 2021

Over the course of time, new developments associated with embryogenesis
of the murine heart have served to clarify the developmental processes
observed in the human heart. This evidence allows for creation of a
developmental framework for many congenital cardiac defects. Here, we
aim to solidify the framework related to the categorization of both
solitary and multiple ventricular septal defects. Mice having genetic
perturbation of the Furin enzyme have demonstrated perimembranous and
juxta-arterial ventricular septal defects, permitting the inference to
be made that these defects can co-exist with defects occurring within
the apical muscular septum. Based on developmental evidence,
furthermore, all interventricular communications can be placed into one
of three groups, namely, those which are perimembranous, juxta-arterial,
and muscular. All of the defects are described based on their borders as
seen from the morphologically right ventricle. Our focus here will be on
those defects within the muscular ventricular septum, recognizing that
such defects can co-exist with those that are perimembranous. We discuss
the differentiation of multiple discrete defects from those referred to
as the ‘Swiss cheese’ variant. As we show, appropriate surgical
management requires understanding of the specific terminology, as the
surgical approach may differ depending on the combination of the
individual defects. Data from the Society for Thoracic Surgeons revealed
that both mortality and morbidity were increased in the setting of
multiple as opposed to solitary ventricular septal defects.
Loss of Functional SCO2 Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gujarati Nehaben A. , Leonardo Alexandra R. , Vasquez Jessica M. , Guo Yiqing , Frimpong Bismark O. , Fozilov Elbek , Revelo Monica P. , Daehn Ilse S. , He John C. , Bogenhagen Daniel , Mallipattu Sandeep K.
Published: October 2021

Increased
oxidative stress in glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) contributes to early
diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While mitochondrial respiratory complex IV
activity is reduced in DKD,
it remains unclear whether this is a driver or a consequence of oxidative
stress in GEnCs. Synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 2 (SCO2), a key metallochaperone in
the electron transport chain, is critical to the biogenesis and assembly
of subunits required for functional respiratory complex IV activity. Here, we investigated the
effects of Sco2 hypomorphs (Sco2KO/KI, Sco2KI/KI),
with a functional loss of SCO2, in the progression of DKD using a murine model
of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, db/db mice. Diabetic Sco2KO/KI
and Sco2KI/KI hypomorphs exhibited a reduction in complex
IV activity, but an improvement in albuminuria, serum creatinine, and histomorphometric
evidence of early DKD as compared to db/db mice. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing
with gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the
endothelial cluster of Sco2KO/KI;db/db mice demonstrated an
increase in genes involved in VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling and reduced oxidative
stress as compared to db/db mice. These data suggest that reduced
complex IV activity due to a loss of functional SCO2 might be protective in GEnCs
in early DKD.
Design and Control of Virtual Synchronous Machine Based Energy Systems
Authors:   , Baruwa Muftau O.
Published: October 2021

Conventionally, the operation and stability of power systems have been governed by the dynamics of large synchronous generators (SGs) which provide the inertial support required to maintain the resilience and stability of the power system. How-ever, the commitment of the UK to drive a zero-carbon economy is accelerating the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the power system. Since the dynamics and operation of RESs diﬀers from SGs, the large-scale integration of RESs will signiﬁcantly impact the control and stability of the power system.This thesis focuses on the design of grid-friendly control algorithms termed virtual synchronous machines (VSMs), which mimic the desirable characteristics of SGs. Although several VSM topologies have been proposed in literature, most of them require further modiﬁcations before they can be integrated into the grid. Hence, a novel VSM algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbines has been proposed in this thesis.The proposed VSM performs seamlessly in all operating modes and enables maxi-mum power point tracking in grid-connected operation (assuming strong grid), load following power generation in islanded mode and fault ride-through during faults. To ensure optimal performance of the VSM in all operating modes, a comprehensive stability analysis of the VSM was performed in the event of small and large per-turbations. The result of the analysis was used to establish design guidelines and operational limits of the VSM.This thesis further evaluates the impact of VSMs on the power systems low-frequency oscillations (LFOs). A detailed two-machine test-bed was developed to analyze the LFOs which exists when VSMs replace SGs. The characteristics of the LFO modes and the dominant states was comprehensively analyzed. The LFO modes which exists in an all-VSM grid was also analyzed. Further, the role of the power system stabilizers in an all-VSM grid was comprehensively evaluated. An IEEE benchmark two-area four-machine system was employed to validate the results of the small-signal analysis.The analysis and time-domain simulations in this thesis were performed in the MAT-LAB/SIMULINK environment.
La promoción de la lectura en la vinculación universitaria
Authors: Jarvio Fernández Antonia Olivia
Published: October 2021

Como respuesta a las exigencias globales, las instituciones de educación superior han asumido un nuevo paradigma para la educación de calidad: la formación integral de ciudadanos con competencias básicas y profesionales sustentadas en valores humanistas, en el diálogo igualitario e inclusivo; es decir, formados en programas educativos altamente vinculados a los problemas sociales. La lectura y la escritura habilitan para aprender a lo largo de la vida y para neutralizar desigualdades de diverso tipo, por lo que la formación de lectores requiere de promotores profesionales que, con los conocimientos adecuados, incidan directamente en la transformación social. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es contribuir a la promoción de la lectura y al uso de metodologías para la evaluación y mejora de proyectos en el ámbito lector, por lo cual se analiza el impacto de un programa que hace énfasis en la vinculación universitaria y en las políticas públicas.

En concreto, se presenta una revisión sistemática de 54 proyectos de intervención en promoción de la lectura y la escritura con diversos tipos de grupos. Los proyectos se diseñaron e implementaron a partir del enfoque de aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP), con una perspectiva sociocultural, y en el marco de un programa de posgrado. Para la revisión se realizó una clasificación por ámbito de intervención y la discusión de resultados se alineó con una revisión de literatura. Los resultados demuestran el impacto del programa en los diversos grupos atendidos, que incluyó a diferentes ámbitos educativos, grupos sociales, algunos considerados marginales o vulnerables. Se muestra un cambio en las percepciones sobre el significado de leer y el notable desarrollo en prácticas de la lectura y la escritura, así como en el de habilidades comunicativas. Se destaca la importancia del rol del promotor de la lectura en este proceso, con lo que se reafirma la importancia de su profesionalización como agente de cambio. El conocimiento obtenido permitirá retroalimentar las políticas institucionales. En este sentido, se identificaron los avances y los retos en la promoción de la lectura tanto para la institución como para la región, sobre la importancia de fortalecer los lazos comunicantes de la universidad con los sectores sociales.
Enhancing social and health care educators’ competence in digital pedagogy: A pilot study of educational intervention
Authors: Ryhtä Iina , Elonen Imane , Hiekko Mari , Katajisto Jouko , Saaranen Terhi , Sormunen Marjorita , Mikkonen Kristina , Kääriäinen Maria , Sjögren Tuulikki , Korpi Hilkka , Salminen Leena
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore connection of an educational intervention on the competence of health care educators and educator candidates (n=11) in digital pedagogy as a part of national TerOpe project. An educational intervention, Basics of Digital Pedagogy was developed by the TerOpe project’s experts. The participating educators and educator candidates of the educational intervention were recruited from the universities and university of applied sciences, which were involved in TerOpe project. All the participants of the educational interventions were invited to take part in this study. The educational intervention was conducted during spring 2019. Pre- and post-tests were implemented digitally by using an Educators’ and Educator Candidates’ Competence in Digital Pedagogy self-assessment instrument (OODI), which was developed for this study. The OODI includes 32 items divided in six digital competence areas professional engagement, digital resources, teaching and learning, assessment, empowering learners and facilitating learners’ digital competence. The data was analysed statistically. The self-assessed level of overall competence in digital pedagogy and competence in all competence areas of digital pedagogy increased statistically significantly during the intervention. The educational intervention used in this study seems to increase educators’ self-assessed competence in digital pedagogy. We recommend that all educators be encouraged to conduct continuous education on the basics of digital pedagogy.
A Disadvantaged Student Group: Educational Experiences of Working Children
Authors: CÜLHA Ali , DEMİRTAŞ Hasan
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to analyze the availability of educational services for working students. The study attempts to determine the impact of educational activities conducted in schools attended by working students on education quality, the problems and expectations of working students based on the views of the stakeholders. The participants include school administrators, teachers and parents of working students in the qualitative study. Semi-structured interview forms are employed as the data collection instrument, and the collected data are analyzed with the descriptive analysis method. The study findings demonstrated that educational activities had certain negative effects such as disinterest in schooling, academic failure, fatigue, absenteeism, and undesired behavior, as well as positive effects such as acquisition of a vocation, maturity, and protection. The stakeholders suggested issues such as negative role models, absenteeism, fatigue, early professional responsibilities, conflict, academic failure, and recommendations such as parent training, financial support, and vocational training. It was determined that these students expected financial support, parent training and planned work schedules. It could be suggested that there are various interactive dimensions of the employment of educational activities for working children, and future policies that are specific to the problem and the region could be more effective when compared to the present centralist approaches.
Herpes Simplex Associated Erythema Multiforme: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dzhelyatova G. , Miteva L. , Dourmishev L.
Published: October 2021

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute immune-mediated disease with multifactor etiology, which presents with symmetric target-like lesions on the skin. Probably the most common etiological factor of EM is viral infections, particularly herpes simplex virus (HSV). Herpes-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) is an acute exudative dermatosis, caused mostly by HSV-1 and much rarely by HSV-2. A 44-year-old female patient with herpes associated erythema multiforme was consulted with initial appearance of typical target lesions on the dorsal surface of both hands, after long history of labial herpes episodes. The diagnostic algorithm included routine laboratory tests, histological examination and serologic test for HSV-1 and 2. Our first choice of treatment was acyclovir 5 x 200 mg/24 h and dexamethasone 4 mg/24 h, however due to increased anxiety and tachycardia reported by patient the corticosteroid therapy was discontinued and promethazine was initiated. The patient responded well to the therapeutic regimen and at the follow-up visit was in clinical remission. In conclusion, the diagnosis of HAEM is mainly clinical, when the patient develops target lesions and coexisting HSV infection is detected.
Dendritic Cells and T Cell Subsets in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Gulubova M. , Hadzhi M. , Hadzhiilieva L. , Chonov D. , Ignatova M. M.
Published: October 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Liver dendritic cells (DCs) are usually tolerogenic in the sinusoidal milleu composed of immunosuppressive cytokines. In NAFLD and NASH, DCs become pro-inflammatory and modulate hepatic immune response. Murine liver DCs are three major subtypes: classical (lymphoid) cDC1 or the crosspresenters (CD8α+CD103+), classical (myeloid) cDC2 (CD11b+) and plasmacytoid pDCs (PDCA-1+Siglec-H+) and two additional subtypes or lymphoid + myeloid DCs and NKDCs. Similarly, human liver DCs are three subtypes or CD141+CLEC9A+, CD1c+ (BDCA1+) and pDCs (CD303+BDCA2+). Compared to blood human hepatic DCs are less immature and predominantly induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-4 secreting T cells (Th2). DCs polarize T cells into different Th types that are in interrelations in NAFLD/NASH. T helper 1 (Th1) (T-bet) cells are associated with adipose tissue inflammation. The differentiation of Th2 (GATA3) cells is induced by IL-4 DCs, increased in NAFLD. Similarly, Th17 cells (RORγt/ RORc) are increased in NAFLD and NASH. Tregs (FoxP3) are increased in the liver in steatosis and Th22 cells (AHR) are elevated in diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) and adiposity. CD8+ T cells γδT cells and MAIT cells also contribute to liver inflammation.
The (Con)Text of a Footnote: Heidegger and the Factical and Pre-Ontological Aspects of Care
Authors: Provinciatto Luís Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Right after the presentation of Hyginus’s fable in §42 of Being and Time comes a note in which Heidegger affirms that the orientation about care as the being of Dasein (§41) arose in the context of the interpretation of Augustinian anthropology and the foundations obtained by the analysis of Aristotelian ontology. Why such a mention and why is it placed precisely after proving the pre-ontological origin of care as the being of Dasein? Assuming such problem, this paper does not aim only at offering a reading key that justifies such note, but at presenting the importance of the factical and pre-ontological aspects presented, respectively, in Book X of The Confessions of Augustine and in the fable of Hyginus for Heidegger's elaboration of care as an ontological category. For this purpose, three lecture courses will be assumed, especially: Augustine and Neo-Platonism (1921), which will make it possible to perceive the always factical aspect of care, thus evidencing the historical enactment perspective of the hermeneutics of facticity; Phenomenological Interpretations of Aristotle (1921/1922), which will make it possible to understand the idea of “ontological category” as a first formulation of what, in Being and Time, will be the existentials; and History of the concept of time: prolegomena (1925), which will allow us to realize that care is about being and not having, therefore, that it is not a possession of Dasein, but a condition of its existence. Finally, after justifying the importance of different aspects for care as an ontological category, it will be understood why the ontological interpretation differs from both others.
COVID-19: the first pandemic of the 21th century. A review of the literature
Authors: Bădulici Sonia-Corenlia
Published: October 2021

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) was recognized in December 2019 as a cause of severe pneumonia and has now led to a global pandemic [1, 2]. Respiratory illnesses caused by COVID-19 cover a whole range of severities. Identifying the risk factors and protective factors for the severity of COVID-19 disease is essential to direct the development of new treatments and infection prevention strategies. The first large series of cases identified several risk factors for severe forms of the disease, including advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, exposure to tobacco, and obstructive pulmonary chronic disease [1, 3].

The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention published a significant case series study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (72 314 cases, updated through February 11, 2020) [4, 5]. The authors of this paper summarized key findings from this report and discussed emerging understanding of and conclusions from the COVID-19 epidemic.