bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General characteristics of civil service systems
Authors: Lyubich S.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to highlighting the general features of different systems of civil service organization. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that Ukraine's participation in globalization and European integration processes reflects the need to study the experience of states that make up the Western legal tradition, which should focus on civil service systems, based on the tasks of the state in democratic societies. Ukraine.

It is noted that in the postmodern era there is a need to rethink the classical models of civil service organization, analysis of modern systems of such organization and the formulation of generalized conclusions, their systematization. The purpose of the article is to systematize and generalize the various systems of civil service organization: classical, mixed and modern, available in the European political space.

The focus is on the identification of three classic systems of civil service organization that are immanent to the states of the European community: career, job and mixed. The prevalence of the career model in these states is indicated, however, the states do not focus on the characteristics of such a model, using the contamination of individual features of each of these systems. There are such features of the career system of the civil service as strict compliance with the statutory requirements as a condition for career growth of the employee; disregard for experience in the private sector; features of remuneration and pension provision of civil servants; regulation of subordination relations; normative consolidation of rules of conduct for civil servants, etc.

The defining feature of the modernization model of the civil service is the management of purely public interests and demands. The transient model assumes belonging to models with open orientation. The postmodernist model is an excellent vision, illuminating a new categorical apparatus (individual values, humanistic principles, openness).

A characteristic feature of the mixed model is the contractual relationship between a public employee and a government agency.

The significance of the main provisions and conclusions of the study is determined by the possibility of their use in public administration in Ukraine.
Constitutional aspects of decent wage
Authors: Fridmansʹka V.I.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the legal nature of decent wages, assesses the concept of wages through the category of its dignity, fairness and sufficient and decent standard of living, as well as analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of legal regulation of decent wages. Fair and satisfactory remuneration in this study is considered as a guarantee of a dignified existence of the person and his family and is perceived in the context of fair working conditions. The analysis of the concept of a dignified life is analyzed through the prism of constitutional and legal doctrine in the context of the main duty of the state. To this end, the basic international and European standards for ensuring the fundamental human rights to a fair reward, a fair existence and a sufficient standard of living for individuals and their families are considered. The right to fair remuneration is considered through the constitutional provisions of determining the main direction of the state to ensure human rights and freedoms and decent living conditions, recognition of man, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security of the highest social value and the establishment and protection of human rights human freedoms as the main duty of the state. An analysis of the main legal positions of the court of constitutional jurisdiction on the issues of determining a sufficient and decent standard of living, a decent human life, the minimum requirements for living in conditions worthy of a person and protection from poverty. It is proved that the success of the implementation of the elements of decent work in Ukraine requires coordinated actions of the social partners on the way to guarantee a decent salary as an important factor in the concept of decent work. It is concluded that the concept of "decent pay" is still not established and is in constant development. No normative legal act of Ukraine mentions the concept of "decent pay", so there is an urgent need for its constitutionalization. It is not necessary to limit the wording only to the content of such a concept, but also to determine the conditions and guarantees of compliance, provision and protection.
Problematic questions of donation agreement for the future
Authors: Yushchenko M.S. , Kochina O.S.
Published: August 2021

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of problematic issues related to the donation agreement for the future. Despite the fact that the topic of the gift agreement is quite common and sufficiently disclosed in scientific articles, textbooks, manuals and monographs, problematic aspects of the gift agreement with the obligation to transfer the gift in the future is still not given due attention. Due to the lack of interest in this type of contract, there is a small amount of research that is not able to fully disclose its content.

It is established that the basis for the existence of the donation agreement for the future was the enshrinement in the Civil Code of Ukraine of the possibility of consensus of the donation agreement itself. The paper indicates possible options for the transfer of the thing in the future, as well as the essential conditions, the violation of which entails the invalidity of this type of contract.

In addition, much attention is paid to the features of the gift agreement with the obligation to transfer the gift in the future, which are not enshrined in law, but they can be easily identified by analyzing scientific papers and articles of the Civil Code of Ukraine on donations.

This article considers such a feature of the contract of gift for the future as its gratuitousness, which is characterized by its imperative. Occasionally, the connection of gratuitousness with the reasons and motives of the gift is determined, because the donor, concluding this type of contract may express some gratitude to the person, seek to provide him with financial assistance, or encourage the person to take beneficial actions. That is why much attention is paid to the study of practical cases related to reciprocal satisfaction, which goes beyond the contract of gift for the future. In addition, the motives for such actions and the real threats that may be faced by the gifted.

The next, related to the problematic aspects of the contract of donation for the future, is the considered feature of the property of the alienated property. It also analyzes the possibility of donating a thing that the donor does not yet own. The scientific work argues the refusal to perform the contract on condition of loss of the thing, its withdrawal from circulation, as well as the refusal of the gifted person to accept the gift.

At the same time, the rights of the donor and the gifted are considered, in case of death of one of them after the relevant term, term, adjournment, but until the actual transfer or acceptance of the gift, outlines the difference between the gift agreement and the will.

The results of the article emphasize the need for further elaboration and more thorough study of the problematic issues of the donation agreement for the future, as well as the improvement of civil legislation in this area.
Virtual assets market infrastructure
Authors: Kulyk O.I.
Published: August 2021

Analyses the virtual assets market infrastructure. It was found that the uncertainty about the definition of the virtual assets market infrastructure makes it impossible to identify the infrastructure elements. Given that, it is necessary to propose the definition of virtual assets market infrastructure, identify the elements of the mentioned infrastructure, and make proposals for the development of the legal regulation regarding the virtual assets market. Thus, it was given the definition of the virtual assets market infrastructure as a set of elements that provide, regulate and create conditions for the normal, efficient and smooth functioning of this market.

The article considers scientific approaches to the classification of the market infrastructure elements into general elements and special elements. General elements could be considered as infrastructure elements in all kinds of markets. But special elements are functioning only on the virtual assets market. For this study, it was proposed to identify only the special elements of the virtual assets market infrastructure. According to the research, special elements include: 1) service providers related to the circulation of virtual assets; 2) issuers (miners); 3) self-regulatory organizations. At the same time, it was grounded that the market users could not be considered as an element of the virtual assets market infrastructure. It was substantiated that the virtual assets market is at its early stage of formation, and therefore new elements of the market infrastructure may emerge. Besides, it was grounded that the definition of virtual asset market infrastructure should be enshrined in the law governing the relations on the virtual assets market.
Problematic issues of judicial control in the criminal process of Ukraine
Authors: Voitovych Y.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the peculiarities of the legislative regulation of the institution of judicial control in the criminal process of Ukraine. The authors who paid attention to the research of this institute of criminal procedural legislation, the purpose of the research are determined. In particular, as a result, the definition of judicial control as an independent institution of procedural law has been clarified, taking into account both recent changes in procedural legislation and taking into account current changes. It is pointed out the imperfection of certain terms of the procedural law, which, among other things, affect the content of the institution of judicial control. The inconsistency of the content of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine with the principles that preceded its adoption was emphasized. A gap in the procedural law has been identified, which consists in the lack of regulation of the actions of officials of the prosecution in the event of a court decision such as returning the indictment to the prosecutor as not meeting the requirements of the law. A comparative analysis of the criminal procedural norms that regulated the institution of additional investigation during the CPC of the USSR, with the rules that give the court the right to return the indictment to the prosecutor as one that does not meet the requirements of the law. The procedural powers of the investigating judge outside the stage of pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings have been defined, and their inadequacy to restore the constitutional rights of a person, which could potentially be violated, has been criticized. The constitutional prescriptions that define human and civil rights are analyzed, their implementation is assessed in terms of the problem covered; It is concluded that the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Law do not comply with the Constitution of Ukraine, in particular, attention is focused on the possibility of restricting the constitutional rights of a person in the absence of an effective mechanism for their renewal. The conclusion was made on the basis of the analysis of constitutional norms and doctrine of law with regard to the definition of justice. Certain provisions of the law have been criticized, and suggestions for their improvement have been made. As a result, it is proposed to define judicial control as a direct verification by an investigating judge of the legality and validity of decisions, actions or omissions of the prosecution and other state bodies in criminal proceedings.
Sociological direction in the study of crime (from the history of political and legal thought)
Authors: Tymoshenko V.I.
Published: August 2021

The ideas of supporters of the sociological direction in criminal law and criminology on the causes of crime are considered; their significance for the present is determined.

           It is stated that crime has existed at all times and has changed in different eras and in different countries under the influence of the circumstances of a particular society. The sociological direction in criminal law and criminology was formed in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The outstanding theorists of the sociological direction were A.J. Kettle, A. Lacassan, F. Liszt, E. Durkheim, P.O. Sorokin, M.P. Chubynskii, E.Kh. Sutherland, D. Cressy, G. Van Hamel, A. Prince, R.K. Merton, T. Sellin and others.

          The basic provisions on the dependence of crime on the conditions of the social environment, the stability of the basic parameters of crime and the possibility of its prediction were formulated by representatives of the sociological school. It has been proven that it would be futile to try to influence crime without changing the social conditions that give rise to crime. However, sociological theories do not explain why different people exhibit fundamentally different behaviors under the same social conditions.

         The determinants of crime are mainly related to society itself, to its acute contradictions, to social injustice and social inequality, which are insurmountable in the current social space. Some contradictions are historically overcome or minimized, but new criminologically significant antagonisms are emerging that determine crime.

          It is argued that a synthetic approach based on a combination of different methodologies and allows the consideration of all known crime factors in interrelation and interaction can be the methodological basis for crime research.

         Today the main initial positions of the sociological direction, its philosophical and sociological bases are preserved in criminology: positivism in its various versions; recognition of social and individual factors in a series of actions; the concept of crime as an eternal phenomenon inherent in any social system.
Application of the principle of proportionality in judicial practice
Authors: Fedik S.E.
Published: August 2021

The modern concept of reforming procedural legislation in Ukraine has set before law enforcement and law enforcement agencies a number of tasks for a smooth transition from the normative-act to the precedent method of law enforcement. Moreover, such a position is directly enshrined in the procedural legislation of Ukraine, in particular in Part 4 of Art. 10 of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, which states: - "The Court applies in cases the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 and its protocols, approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights as a source of law." [1]. It is this article of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine that the legislator indirectly obliges the judicial authorities of Ukraine to use both norms of international law (represented by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 and its protocols) and court decisions of the European Court. on human rights, which are expressed in the practice of this court in the consideration of cases by this international judicial institution.

The very provision of the above-mentioned article of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine declares the actual transition from the rules of normative-legal procedure of law application to the principles of precedent legal system, where the source of law is not only normative-legal act but also court decision.

An important condition for the correct application of a rule of law or a court decision is the correct interpretation of a legal norm, or a whole normative legal act, as well as judicial precedent. Interpretation of legal norms involves a combination of objective and subjective, and depending on the purposes of interpretation in this process, respectively, its two stages are correlated - clarification and explanation. And if the process of interpretation is aimed only at the interpreter's understanding of the content of the legal norm, then clarification is an independent process of cognition. When the goal is to bring the content of the legal norm to third parties, the clarification and explanation are stages (stages) of a single, inseparable process. This process is inherent in all types of legal activity - lawmaking, law enforcement, law enforcement, systematization and legal education, and in a legal society the interpretation of legal norms is a stabilizing factor in the process of regulating social relations, enhances legal norms, strengthens legality, protects human and civil rights [2, P. 5-6].
Legal space of the state: certain doctrinal principles
Authors: Byelov D.M.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the features of the category "legal space". The author cites the views of scholars engaged in the study of this legal concept. By linking the category of "legal space" to constitutional law, a conclusion is made about space as a constitutional-legal category.

It is indicated that the development and assertion of Ukraine's own path and place in the geopolitical environment, its inclusion in European and world integration processes are inextricably linked with the organization of rule-making and law enforcement activities of public authorities and local governments, which would meet modern trends and international standards. in this area. New trends in the constitutional and legal construction of the country, the formation of civil society institutions, optimization and reform of public administration determine the new conditions for the implementation of state power, a prerequisite for effective operation of which is the unity of the legal space.

It is established that legal space as a constitutional-legal category is a specific functional category of the science of constitutional law, which reflects certain spatial boundaries of the origin and development of any constitutional-legal action, the constitutional process, constitutional norm, state or event. Thus, space is a spatial boundary established by the Constitution, which can overcome itself and be replaced by more progressive in the implementation of constitutional and legal reform. They also simultaneously form a certain boundary, beyond which begin to develop constitutional relations.
Хірургічна тактика при переломах шийки стегнової кістки у осіб молодого віку
Authors: Канзюба А.І. , Канзюба М.А. , Ковальчук Д.Ю.
Published: August 2021

У віці до 60 років переломи шийки стегнової кістки (ПШСК) складають від 2 до 6% від усіх переломів у ділянці кульшового суглоба і, в більшості випадків, є наслідком високоенергетичного впливу. Пріоритетним напрямком оптимізації хірургічної тактики є вдосконалення остеосинтезу на підставі клінічних та біомеханічних досліджень, присвячених вибору конструкції фіксаторів та обґрунтуванню параметрів їх введення в проксимальний відділ стегнової кістки. Представлено аналіз застосування внутрішнього остеосинтезу при ПШСК в період з 2013 по 2019 рр. у 42 пацієнтів віком від 18 до 58 років (середній вік – 42,3±1,1 року). Вибір конструкції та параметри остеосинтезу визначені на основі результатів моделювання напружено деформованого стану (НДС) проксимального відділу стегнової кістки. У терміни від 3,5 до 6 років у 34 пацієнтів вивчені результати лікування по Harris Hip Score: 93,3±1,1 – 21 (61,8%); 87,5±3,2 – 8 (23,5%); 76,31±1,3 – 5 (14,7%).

Ключові слова: шийка стегнової кістки, переломи, остеосинтез.
Результати інструментальних методів обстеження у хворих на цироз печінки із проявами печінкової енцефалопатії
Authors: Русин А.В. , Петричко О.І. , Балаж О.П.
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Портальна гіпертензія є найбільш частим ускладненням і причиною смерті хворих на ЦП (фінальна, незворотня стадія з несприятливим прогнозом).

Мета дослідження. За допомогою інструментальних методів оцінити функціональний стан печінки у хворих на цироз.

Матеріали та методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 95 хворих на ЦП, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні з 2018 до 2020 р. у відділенні анестезіології та інтенсивної терапії, хірургічному та гастроентерологічному відділеннях Закарпатської обласної клінічної лікарні ім. Андрія Новака (м. Ужгород). У І групу (клас А за Child-Pugh –стадія компенсації) увійшло 18 (18,95 %) хворих, у II групу (клас В –стадія субкомпенсації) –25 (26,3%) хворих, у III групу (клас С –стадія декомпенсації) ввійшло 52 (54,7 %) хворих.

За допомогою УЗД вивчали форму, розміри, структуру печінки та селезінки, наявність або відсутність асцитичної рідини в черевній порожнині. Під час візуалізації судинних структур оцінювали довжину, форму, величину просвіту та їх анатомічне розташування. Ендоскопічне дослідження верхніх відділів ШКТ проводилося всім хворим за загальноприйнятою методикою. Під час ендоскопічного дослідження враховували ступінь вираженості ВРВ стравоходу та/або шлунку.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Серед усіх хворих на ЦП частіше спостерігалося зменшення розмірів печінки –у 52 пацієнтів (54,7 %), печінка нормальних розмірів виявлена у  26 хворих (27,4 %), у 22 пацієнтів (23,2 %) діагностували збільшену печінку. Збільшення розмірів печінки найчастіше спостерігали у хворих І групи (55,8 %) і майже з однаковою частотою діагностували у хворих ІІ та ІІІ груп (від 22,0 % до 22,8%) –р<0,05. У жодного хворого І групи не діагностували ВРВ шлунка. У цій групі найчастіше виявляли ВРВ стравоходу ІІ та І ступенів (55,6 % та 38,9 %). У хворих ІІ групи найчастіше мало місце ВРВ стравоходу ІІІ ст. (40,0 %) відповідно. У жодного хворого IІІ групи не діагностували ВРВ стравоходу І ст., у цій групі найчастіше виявляли ВРВ стравоходу ІІІ ст. та ВРВ шлунка (51,9 % та 34,6 %).

Висновки.

1. У хворих на ЦП ІІІ групи виявлено максимальне зменшення об’ємного кровоплину по v. Lienalis (514,3±22,2мл/хв).

2. Найбільш високий кровотік по селезінковій артерії та вені спостерігається у хворих І групи.

3.За даними показників порто-печінкової гемодинаміки у хворих ІІІ групи спостерігається виражена обструкція печінкового кровотоку.

Ключові слова: цироз печінки, регіональна гемодинаміка, ультразвукова діагностика.
Неінвазивні методи діагностики ураження печінки у хворих на неалкогольну жирову хворобу печінки та цукровий діабет 2 типу
Authors: Сірчак Є.С. , Грига В.І. , Стегура А.В.
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Активно ведеться пошук нових неінвазивних високоінформативних методів дослідження щодо визначення стадії ураження, а також функціонального стану печінки, особливо у хворих з поєднаною патологією.

Мета дослідження – оцінити ефективність використання різних неінвазивних методів діагностики для визначення стадії ураження печінки у хворих на неалкогольну жирову хворобу печінки (НАЖХП) та цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2 типу.

Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 64 хворих на НАЖХП та ЦД 2 типу. Хворим проведено загальноклінічні методи обстеження. Ступінь ураження печінки розраховано з використанням сурогатних маркерів фіброзу за допомогою онлайн калькуляторів: NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis 4 calculator (FIB-4), фібротест, а також – комерційного тесту ФіброМакс. Стадію ураження печінки також визначали за допомогою еластометрії печінки та проводили С13-метацетиновий дихальний тест (С13-МДТ).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати NFS та FIB-4 дали змогу встановити лише факт наявності фіброзу печінки із високою ймовірністю, тоді як Фібротест дав змогу встановити F2 стадію фіброзу за METAVIR. Результати комерційного тесту ФіброМакс також вказують на наявність стеатогепатиту в обстежених пацієнтів (SteatoTest - 0,60±0,11 - р<0,01; NashTest - 0,73±0,12 – р<0,01), при цьому стадія ураження печінки відповідає F2 стадію за METAVIR, ступінь активності – мінімальна (А1 - 0,38±0,14). Аналіз показників еластометрії печінки підтверджує F2 стадію фіброзу за METAVIR (6,21±0,54 КПА).

Висновки. У хворих на НАЖХП та ЦД 2 типу використання неінвазивних методів, таких як еластометрія печінки, онлайн фібротест на основі сурогатних маркерів фіброзу печінки та комерційний тест ФіброМакс є ефективними та інформативними методами для визначення стадії фіброзу у даних пацієнтів.

Ключові слова: неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки, цукровий діабет 2 типу, діагностика.
Функціональний стан центральної та інтракардіальної гемодинаміки у жінок із гіперплазією щитоподібної залози та безкалькульозним холециститом
Authors: Фучко О.Л. , Сливка Я.І.
Published: August 2021

Вступ. Механізми впливу тиреоїдних гормонів на серцево-судинну систему є багатофакторними. Головними вважаються такі: вплив тиреоїдних гормонів на рівні геному; негеномний прямий вплив тиреоїдних гормонів на міокард, який включає дію на мембрани, саркоплозматичний ретикулум, мітохондрії; вплив тиреоїдних гормонів на периферичну циркуляцію.

Мета дослідження: проаналізувати функціональний стан центральної та інтракардіальної гемодинаміки у жінок з гіперплазією щитоподібної залози та безкалькульозним холециститом. Об’єкт дослідження – гемодинамічний статус організму жінки з ГЩЗ та безкалькульозним холециститом. Предмет дослідження: зміни гемодинамічного статусу організму жінки з ГЩЗ та безкалькульозним холециститом.

Матеріали та методи: загальноклінічні, стандартні лабораторні методи обстеження, спеціальні клініко-лабораторні методи: фізіологічні, біохімічні, статистичні.

Параметри центральної та інтракардіальної гемодинаміки реєстрували в стані спокою методом двомірної ехокардіографії в М-режимі ехокамерою «Toshiba-140» (Японія).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Динаміка змін показників центральної та інтракардіальної геодинаміки вказує на різні, паралельно існуючі шляхи вторинних порушень з боку серцево-судинної системи. Так, значне збільшення ЗПОС, пов’язане зі зниженням еластичності (підвищенням жорсткості судинної стінки) артерій, є елементом концентричного типу гіпертрофії лівого шлуночка. Зростання поштовхового об’єму за відсутності вазоспастичних реакцій та підвищенні венозного тонусу є елементом ексцентричної гіпертрофії.

Висновки. На підставі отриманих даних можна також говорити про наявність у пацієнтів систолічної дисфункції, яка, однак, має переважно функціональний характер.

Виявлені специфічні зміни гомеостатичних характеристик в організмі жінок з гіперплазією щитоподібної залози та безкалькульозним холециститом вимагають розробки нових, більш ефективних (бажано немедикаментозних, зважаючи на патологію печінки і порушення, внаслідок цього її детоксикаційної здатності) підходів до лікування таких хворих.

Ключові слова: гіперплазія щитоподібної залози, безкалькульозний холецистит, гіпотериоз, серцево-судинна система, гемодинаміка серця.
Scrutiny of COVID-19 response strategies among severely affected European nations
Authors: Stephen Shine , Issac Alwin , Radhakrishnan Rakesh Vadakkethil , Jacob Jaison , Vijay VR , Jose Sam , Azhar SM , Nair Anoop S. , Krishnan Nadiya , Sharma Rakesh , Dhandapani Manju
Published: August 2021

Although the health care systems in Europe are considered the global benchmark, European nations were severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This manuscript aimed to examine the strategies implemented to combat the COVID-19 pandemic by France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany, and Russia and their outcomes in terms of the number of cases, testing, and deaths. This is the first review of its kind that extensively analyzes the preparedness, mitigation, and response strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic adopted by these nations. This paper further suggests a strategic preparedness model for future pandemics. From the analysis, we found that a decentralized approach, prompt decision-making and timely execution, coordination between local health authorities, and public participation in the implementation of strategies could substantially reduce the case fatality rate. Nations with a high percentage of gross domestic product invested in the health sector, as well as more nurses, physicians, hospital beds, intensive care unit beds, and ventilators, better managed the pandemic. Instead, nations that postponed their pandemic response by delaying tracking, tracing, testing, quarantine, and lockdown were badly affected. The lessons learned from the present pandemic could be used as a guide to prepare for further pandemics.
The laboratory test procedure to confirm rotavirus vaccine infection in severe complex immunodeficiency patients
Authors: Chae Su-Jin , Cho Seung-Rye , Choi Wooyoung , Han Myung-Guk , Lee Deog-Yong
Published: August 2021

The rotavirus vaccine is a live vaccine, and there is a possibility of infection by the virus strain used in the vaccine. We investigated the process of determining whether an infection was caused by the vaccine strain in a severe complex immunodeficiency (SCID) patient with rotavirus infection. The patient was vaccinated with RotaTeq prior to being diagnosed with SCID. The testing process was conducted in the following order: confirming rotavirus infection, determining its genotype, and confirming the vaccine strain. Rotavirus infection was confirmed through enzyme immunoassay and VP6 gene detection. G1 and P[8] were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the genotype, and G3 was further identified using a single primer. By detecting the fingerprint gene (WC3) of RotaTeq, it was confirmed that the detected virus was the vaccine strain. Genotypes G1 and P[8] were identified, and the infection was suspected of having been caused by rotavirus G1P[8]. G1P[8] is the most commonly detected genotype worldwide and is not included in the recombinant strains used in vaccines. Therefore, the infection was confirmed to have been caused by the vaccine strain by analyzing the genetic relationship between VP4 and VP7. Rotavirus infection by the vaccine strain can be identified through genotyping and fingerprint gene detection. However, genetic linkage analysis will also help to identify vaccine strains.
Japón 2020
Authors: Álvarez Pérez Alfredo
Published: August 2021

En este trabajo se presentan algunos de los acontecimientos más relevantes de 2020 en Japón, en los ámbitos de la política, la economía, las relaciones internacionales y la sociedad. Además de narrar algunos de los temas de la vida pública que más llamaron la atención, como la renuncia del primer ministro Shinzō Abe o la postergación de los Juegos Olímpicos, el objetivo es presentar un relato que propicie el pensamiento desde la perspectiva de la seguridad humana. Bajo esta lente se aborda con cierto detalle el devenir de la pandemia de covid-19, el estado de las relaciones con algunos de los países más influyentes en la región, el ámbito de los desastres naturales y el medio ambiente, y el cada vez más envolvente campo del desarrollo tecnológico. Sin duda, desafíos que tiene enfrente tanto el nuevo primer ministro, Yoshihide Suga, como la sociedad en su conjunto.
Tailandia al inicio de la década 2020
Authors: Rangel Delgado José Ernesto
Published: August 2021

El año 2020 no sólo se distingue por ser el inicio de una década, sino también por todos los retos y cambios que implica. La llegada de la covid-19 y sus repercusiones en Tailandia vinieron acompañadas por los extraordinarios reclamos populares al sistema de monarquía constitucional, así como por las decisiones tomadas por el gobierno, entre otras cuestiones. Este capítulo tiene el objetivo de presentar al país en su más reciente desenvolvimiento, de forma que se divide en una breve introducción; sus ámbitos interno y externo; su economía; su sociedad; un apartado de reflexiones finales y otro más de referencias. Así, a manera de reporte, busca matizarse con el sentido de seguridad humana que pretende el Anuario Asia Pacífico 2021 del Centro de Estudios de Asia y África de El Colegio de México.
Corea del Sur y el coronavirus de las cosas
Authors: López Aymes Juan Felipe
Published: August 2021

2019 concluyó con una notable aprobación a la administración del presidente Moon Jae-in, después de un año agitado, intenso y lleno de eventos que tendrán repercusiones en años por venir. Las reformas institucionales al sistema electoral, la fiscalía, la policía y la agencia de inteligencia también continuaron su turbulento curso en la arena legislativa y sólo se logró aprobar, no sin empujones, un nuevo esquema de representación partidista en la Asamblea Nacional (Yonhap 2019a). La diplomacia intercoreana tuvo reveses importantes que complican la meta de Moon de establecer un nuevo régimen de paz para la península coreana; las relaciones con Japón continuaron deteriorándose cuando las controversias sobre la historia entre ambos países invadieron el terreno de las relaciones económicas y culturales que habían logrado mantenerse al margen durante las últimas dos décadas. Por último, queda claro para todos que ninguna nación ha escapado de los trastornos ocasionados por la pandemia de covid-19 en 2020, aunque algunos han salido mejor librados que otros y Corea del Sur parece ser uno de esos casos.
Evaluation of neutrophilia as a prognostic factor in dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone–based chemotherapy protocol
Authors: Veluvolu Sridhar , Pellin MacKenzie , Vos Nathaniel
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether, in dogs with naïve multicentric lymphoma, neutrophilia at the time of initial diagnosis was associated with progression-free survival time (PFST) or overall response rate (ie, percentage of dogs with a complete or partial remission) and whether the initial neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with PFST.

ANIMALS

30 dogs with multicentric lymphoma and neutrophilia (including 16 treated with a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone [CHOP]–based protocol) and 37 historical control dogs without neutrophilia treated with a CHOP-based protocol.

PROCEDURES

Medical records were reviewed, and PFSTs and responses were documented.

RESULTS

Median PFST for the 16 dogs with neutrophilia treated with a CHOP-based protocol (70 days; range, 0 to 296 days) was significantly shorter than that for the 37 control dogs without neutrophilia (184.5 days; range, 23 to 503 days), and the overall response rate for dogs with neutrophilia (12/16 [75%]) was significantly lower than the rate for dogs without neutrophilia (36/37 [97%]). However, when all dogs in the study and control populations were considered together, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at the time of diagnosis was not significantly associated with PFST.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that neutrophilia at the time of initial diagnosis may suggest a poorer prognosis in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Prospective investigation into the role of neutrophils in the peripheral circulation and tumor microenvironment of cancer-bearing patients is warranted.
Scaling Innovation Hubs: Impact on Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Tanzania
Authors: Mwantimwa Kelefa , Ndege Nora , Atela Joanes , Hall Andrew
Published: August 2021

This study has explored the impact of innovation hubs on knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. To gain deeper insights, the study adopted an exploratory case study design along a qualitative approach to conduct an empirical investigation. The study reveals a noticeable contribution of the X-Innovation Hub in empowering youths in aspects of knowledge co-creation and transfer, and promotion of diverse innovations. The findings of the study also disclose that the contribution of the innovation hub in transforming innovations into entrepreneurial opportunities is still unsatisfactory. Furthermore, the findings suggest that not all start-ups emanating from the hub are taking off. This is due to various undermining factors such as financial constraints and unfriendly legal frameworks. For X-Innovation Hub to satisfactorily and sustainably contribute to national innovation systems, deliberate efforts must be made, and strategies put in place by different stakeholders such as the government. Particularly, diversification of funding sources to minimise dependence on international development funding agencies and organisations is important.
PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN MAKRO TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA
Authors: Nirwana Nirwana
Published: August 2021

Effect of  role playing macro methods on children's speaking ability in group B in Nurul Rohmah Bekasi. This research is motivated by the lack of ability to speak children. This is because the method used in the learning process is more likely to use conventional methods. The selection of methods to role playing macro so that children can be motivated and interested in learning and can stimulate the ability to speak children. The population in this study were all children of group B in kindergarten Nurul Rohmah while the study sample was B3 group 11 children for the experimental group and B1 group 11 children for the control group. Data collection techniques through test techniques, and observation. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and nonparametric statistical analysis. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test calculation, the calculated T value is 66 and T table 11 then the results obtained T count (66)> T table (11) H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected means that there is an effect of role playing macro  methods on children's speaking ability. Whereas the calculated Z value obtained is 2.93 and 1.645 table Z then the result of Z arithmetic (2.93)> Z table (1.645) H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected which means that there is an effect of role playing macro method on children's speaking ability. These results indicate that there is a change in the value of the child's speaking ability before and after getting learning based on the role playing macro method.
Influence of Breastfeeding Support Group (KP-ASI) on the success of exclusive breastfeeding in the Molingkapoto Community Health Center
Authors: Octaviani Dwi Nur , Sugianto Sugianto , Aisya Masmuni Wahda , Mahmud Nurhayati
Published: August 2021

Exclusive breastfeeding is giving only breast milk without giving other food and drinks to babies from birth to 6 months of age, except for drugs and vitamins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of breastfeeding support groups (KP-ASI) on the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The research method used is quantitative descriptive analytic which is cross sectional. The independent variable is the breastfeeding support group (KP-ASI), while the dependent variable is the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Case samples are mothers who have babies aged 6-24 months. The results of the study were based on the Chi-square statistical test, the results obtained were p = 0.001 (p <0.05), meaning that there was a significant relationship between breastfeeding support groups (KP-ASI) on the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion Breastfeeding Support Groups (KP-ASI) have a very big influence on the success of exclusive breastfeeding; most of who are assisted makes it to the exclusive breastfeeding stage.
Mother's Behavior in Exclusive Breastfeeding and Factors Affecting It in the Working Area of Air Dingin Padang Health Center
Authors: Halida Erda Mutiara , Andriani Feni
Published: August 2021

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that children only be breastfed with breast milk (ASI) for at least six months in an effort to reduce child morbidity and mortality. Solid food should be given after the child is 6 months old, and breastfeeding continued until the child is two years old. Many factors will affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding including knowledge, education, occupation, problems with the mother's breast, and interest in formula milk promotion. This study aims to determine how the behavior of mothers in exclusive breastfeeding and the factors that influence it. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional study design. The independent variables of this study were education, mother's knowledge and husband's support, while the dependent variable is the mother's behavior in exclusive breastfeeding. The subjects in this study were all mothers who had babies aged 6-12 months with multistage sampling technique. The statistical test in this study used the Chi Square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between mother's knowledge and mother's education with mother's behavior in exclusive breastfeeding (p>0.05), and there was a relationship between husband's support and mother's behavior in exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.000)
The Relationship between Adolescent Characteristics and The Level of Knowledge about Reproductive Health in RW 03 Tanah Tinggi Village of JoharBaru Sub-District
Authors: Dewi Ni Nyoman Sri Artina , Pratiwi Agustina Ida
Published: August 2021

Some of the factors that influence adolescent reproductive health are, among others, knowledge, personality, attitude and environment. This study generally aimed to determine the relationship between adolescent characteristics and adolescent knowledge about reproductive health. This research was an analytical study with a cross-sectional study approach, using primary data obtained from a questionnaire, which was given to adolescents totaling 56 respondents aged 10-19 years. Data processing used the SPSS program 20. Data analysis in this study was univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square statistical tests. The results showed that there was a relationship between age and adolescent knowledge about reproductive health with a p value of 0.009 (p <0.05), there was no relationship between gender and adolescent knowledge with a p value of 0.103 (p> 0.05), and there was a relationship between sources of information and knowledge with a p value of 0.006 (p <0.05). From the results of this study, the researchers suggested that adolescents should continue to improve their knowledge regarding reproductive health, either face-to-face or mass media
Covid-19’un Ara Dönem Finansal Raporlama Üzerindeki Etkileri: Havacılık Ve İlaç Sektörü Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: DÖLEN Tuğba , YANIK Serap Sebahat , AYANOĞLU Yıldız
Published: August 2021

Covid-19 nedeniyle havacılık, konaklama, eğlence gibi belirli sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren şirketler olumsuz etkilenmiş, gıda, lojistik ve ilaç gibi bazı sektörlerde ise iş hacmi birkaç katına çıkmıştır. Her iki durumda da şirketlerin ara dönem finansal tablolarında bir önceki yılın aynı ara dönemine göre farklılıkların çıkması beklenen bir sonuçtur. Çalışmada bu farklılıkların tespit edilmesi amacıyla BİST 100’de faaliyet gösteren salgından olumlu etkilenen olarak ilaç sektöründeki üç işletme, olumsuz etkilenen olarak ise havacılık sektöründeki üç işletme araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Söz konusu sektörlerdeki işletmelerin Haziran – Eylül 2020 ara dönem finansal tabloları bir önceki yılın aynı dönemlerindeki finansal tabloları ile karşılaştırılarak Covid-19’un etkileri ve dipnotlara eklenen yeni bilgiler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; her iki sektörde de nakit bulundurma pozisyonları artmıştır. Havacılık sektöründe kargo taşımacılığının, ilaç sektöründe ise beslenme ve metabolizma segmentindeki ilaç satışlarının arttığı görülmüştür. Havacılıksektöründe Covid- 19 salgınının şirketlerin faaliyetlerine etkileri başlıklı dipnot açıklamalarının bulunduğu, ilaç sektöründe ise yeterli açıklamaların yapılmadığı dikkat çekmiştir.
Avaliação da prevalência de suicídio em Joinville (SC) no período de 2016 a 2018
Authors: Plucinski Aline , Guarienti Victória Cenci , Pereira Tuanne Marques , Farikoski Fabiane Suel de Borba , Wiese Januária Ramos Pereira
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Analisar dados referentes à mortalidade por suicídio, incluindo o estudo sobre o perfil populacional com maior taxa de acometimento na cidade de Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de 2016 a 2018. Métodos: Os dados foram obtidos através das informações contidas nas bases do Núcleo de Prevenção à Violência a partir das notificações do Sistema de informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), foram selecionadas e divididas em idade, sexo, raça, escolaridade, bairro residente, local do suicídio e CID aplicado, as variáveis foram analisadas e detalhadas no decorrer do artigo. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos foram de que o principal perfil populacional acometido pelos óbitos por suicídio foi de homens na faixa etária de 60 anos ou mais, seguido por um aumento significativo na taxa de mortalidade em jovens estudantes. Considerações finais: Constatado então o perfil populacional na taxa de mortalidade, estratégias de prevenção direcionadas podem ser criadas, além de também aprimorar a rede de tratamento e acolhimento destas vítimas.
Aspectos etiológicos da deficiência auditiva: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Sabrinna Barbosa de , Araujo Beatriz Moura , Rodrigues Ana Luiza de Oliveira , Sardinha Vilma Cristina Pereira , Almeida Walérya Gonçalves de , Rosa Rubens Gabriel Martins , Lopes Franderta Corado , Reis Aline Silva , Costa Nelzir Martins
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Descrever e investigar as principais etiologias da perda auditiva. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, de caráter qualitativa e descritiva. O estudo consistiu na realização de busca de artigos científicos nas plataformas de saúde, publicados em revistas, jornais e livros, nos idiomas inglês e português, publicados entre os anos de 2017 a 2021. Resultados: Na busca bibliográfica, foram encontrados 35 artigos, destes, somente 15 foram selecionadas. Dentre as publicações selecionadas, dois artigos foram do ano de 2021, ambos em língua portuguesa, quatro artigos foram do ano de 2020, sendo em língua inglesa e língua portuguesa, um artigo do ano de 2018 e em língua portuguesa, um artigo do ano de 2017 também em língua portuguesa, três artigos foram do ano de 2016, sendo da língua inglesa e língua portuguesa. Considerações finais: Diante das inúmeras etiologias descritas, reforçou-se a importância do rastreio seja para causas congênitas e não-congênitas com ou sem fatores genéticos associados, com a finalidade de traçar o perfil nosológico da surdez, e assim, colaborar para que políticas de saúde pública sejam adotadas, a fim de minimizar a ocorrência.