bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar Dalam Membaca Permulaan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SDN 207 Jambi
Authors: Ramawani Noly , Kuntarto Eko , Noviyanti Silvina
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan membaca awal dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang dialami siswa kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 207 Jambi yang beralamat di Paal Merah, Kec. Paal Merah, Kota Jambi, Jambi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 1 orang guru kelas dan 27 orang siswa di kelas 1 B SD Negeri 207 Jambi. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik observasi, tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di kelas 1B SDN 207 Jambi ditemukan adanya 8 jenis kesulitan membaca awal. Penelitian yang dilakukan menemukan bahwa masing-masing kesulitan memiliki jumlah yang berbeda-beda. Jumlah tersebut antara lain 1 orang anak mengalami kesulitan mengenali huruf secara utuh, 10 orang anak mengalami kesulitan membaca fonem, 8 orang anak mengalami kesulitan dalam pengucapan atau terbata-bata, terdapat 8 orang anak yang masih belum bisa memahami kata secara utuh dan artinya. , terdapat 4 anak yang masih belum lancar membaca kata atau kalimat, dan terdapat 9 siswa yang masih belum menguasai frasa dan kalimat. Dari jumlah tersebut diketahui terdapat 14 anak yang masih kesulitan membaca dan 13 anak yang sudah lancar membaca. Terdapat 5 kendala yang menyebabkan kesulitan dalam membaca permulaan. Kendala pertama adalah usia siswa, kedua adalah keterbatasan waktu latihan, ketiga adalah keterbatasan alat peraga, keempat adalah kesibukan orang tua, dan kelima adalah motivasi belajar yang rendah yang dapat diatasi dengan pembelajaran yang aktif dan menyenangkan bagi siswa.
Relevansi Pendidikan IPS Sekolah Dasar Sebagai Penguatan Karakter Menghadapi Tantangan Modernitas dan Degradasi Moral
Authors: Ixfina Ficky Dewi
Published: February 2025

Modernitas membawa tantangan besar bagi generasi muda dalam menjaga nilai moral dan sosial. Di MI Al Fithrah Surabaya, pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) diharapkan menjadi dasar pembentukan karakter untuk menghadapi tantangan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan optimalisasi pembelajaran IPS dalam menghadapi modernitas tanpa degradasi moral dan mengeksplorasi tantangan yang dihadapi guru dalam mengintegrasikan pendidikan moral dan sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru menggunakan strategi Triloka Ki Hajar Dewantara Ing Ngarso Sung Tuladha, Ing Madya Mangun Karsa, dan Tut Wuri Handayani, beserta konsep budi pekertiyang direlevansikan dengan Pendidikan IPS, untuk menanamkan nilai etika dan sosial pada siswa. Strategi ini, meskipun efektif, menghadapi tantangan berupa keterbatasan waktu dan materi,dan pembelajaran IPS di MI Al Fithrah Surabaya berpotensi besar sebagai fondasi moral dalam menghadapi modernitas. Dengan dukungan yang lebih kuat dari segi materi dan kurikulum, strategi ini dapat dioptimalkan untuk mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai moral dan sosial, membantu siswa menghadapi perubahan zaman dengan tetap berpegang pada etika dan karakter yang kuat
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Powerpoint Interaktif Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Pada Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas IV SDN Natakupe
Authors: Pare Maria Ines Teresa , Wau Maria Patrisia , Sayangan Yohanes Vianney , Laksana Dek Ngurah Laba
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to 1) design interactive PowerPoint learning media based on a scientific approach for class IV science and science learning at SDN Natakupe. 2) test the feasibility of interactive PowerPoint learning media based on a scientific approach in class IV science and science learning at SDN Natakupe. The type of research used is R&D (Research & Development) and a modification of the ADDIE development research stages (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). This research was conducted at SDN Natakupe, with a total of 8 students. In this development research, field tests were carried out in class 1V at SDN Natakupe. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that interactive PowerPoint media based on a scientific approach to science subjects is suitable for use as the main media in learning sciences specifically on the material "Plants are the Source of Life on Earth". This can be seen from the results of expert trials, including the following. 1) the results of trials by material experts obtained an average score of 86% and were in the Very Decent category, 2) The results of trials by media experts obtained a score of 80% and were in the Decent category. 3) The design expert's trial results obtained an average score of 88% and were in the very feasible category. Meanwhile, based on product user responses, namely 1) teacher responses were 98% and were in the very feasible category, and 2) student responses obtained an average score of 100% and were in the very feasible category. Thus, it can be concluded that interactive PowerPoint media based on a scientific approach can be used as the main media in science learning for class IV students at SDN Natakupe.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Sukmawati  , Musa Habibi , Sunimbar
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi proses dan hasil pelaksanaan model pembelajaran group investigation (GI) dalam pembelajaran IPS, mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS dan menguji pengaruh pelaksanaan model GI terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS. Jenis penelitian ialah True Experiment Design dimana kelas eksperimen (Va) dan kelas kontrol (Vb). Penentuan subjek penelitian berdasarkan hasil nilai ujian tengah semester yang memiliki rata-rata nilai yang hampir sama. Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini yaitu berpikir kritis dan variabel bebasnya adalah model GI. Peneliti menggunakan instrumen pengukuran hasil belajar dalam bentuk essay sebanyak 5 butir soal. Hasil belajar dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus t-test melalui bantuan SPSS 21.0 for Windows. Hasil analisis deskriptif dan uji hopitesis diketahui adanya perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yang signifikan, hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan hasil yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan Uji-t Tes pada kemampuan berpikir kritis diperoleh bahwa H0 ditolak. Gainscore rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 6,08 sedangkan kelas kontrol 4,58. Nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t dan nilai rata-rata, maka H0 ditolak sebagai hasil penelitian. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran GI berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
A corpus-based analysis of the lexical bundles use in academic discourse
Authors: Al-Khasawneh Fadi Maher
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the frequency of four-word lexical bundles (LBs) in research papers authored by faculty members from the English Department at King Khalid University. Additionally, it seeks to classify the functions of these bundles based on Biber’s (2004) taxono-my. The study’s corpus comprises 171 research papers published between 2016 and 2022. Lexi-cal bundles were identified using three key criteria: frequency, range, and function. WordSmith 4.0 software was employed to extract and analyze the LBs from the corpus. The results reveal variation in the use of LBs, with referential bundles being the most common, followed by dis-course organizers and stance bundles. These findings align with previous research in this area and offer valuable insights for studies on English for Academic Purposes (EAP). They may also benefit EAP instructors, curriculum developers, and policymakers. Keywords: corpus; lexical bundles; academic discourse.
Processability study of thermoplastic starch/poly(Butylene Succinate Adipate) blends in a reactive extrusion
Authors: Vargas Rojas Manuela , Salcedo Galán Felipe , Medina Perilla Jorge
Published: February 2025

Growing concerns about ocean contamination from fossil fuel based polymers have created a demand for biodegradable alternatives, particularly for packaging applications. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a promising, eco-friendly biopolymer but has poor mechanical properties and high hydrophilicity. To address these issues, this article explores modifying starches through reactive extrusion and blending them with other biodegradable polymers. The study evaluates blends of native or acetylated starch with poly(butylene succinate) adipate (PBSA), using glycerol as a plasticizer and tartaric acid as a reactive agent. Films were processed using an internal mixer and compression molding. Results show tartaric acid improves processability and slightly enhances mechanical properties such as ductility and tensile strength, though limitations persist due to morphological and thermal stability issues. Despite these challenges, reactive extrusion with tartaric acid offers a promising approach for developing new packaging materials.
The Analysis of Officer Behavior in Achieving Minimum Service Standards (Diabetes Mellitus Control Program at the West Lombok Region Health Center)
Authors: Astriani Iis
Published: February 2025

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit dengan tingkat gula darah yang melebihi ambang normal. DM di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan sebesar 10% dari 15% menjadi 25%, serta sebesar 40-50% penderita penyakit jantung juga merupakan penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran Perilaku petugas dalam capaian standar pelayanan minimalprogram pengendalian Diabetes Mellitus di Puskesmas Wilayah Lombok Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa capaian Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) pada program DM di Puskesmas Wilayah Lombok Barat belum sesuai target Pemerintah. Kurangnya capaian SPM dapat menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah kasus DM yang tidak terdata dan mempengaruhi capaian target kesehatan yang ada di tingkat Kabupaten maupun tingkat Nasional.
UJI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN UJI DAYA HAMBAT SEDIAAN LOTION EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN (CENTELLA ASIATICA) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Authors: Afriani Fitria
Published: February 2025

Kulit merupakan lapisan atau jaringan terluar yang menutupi seluruh tubuh dan melindungi tubuh dari bahaya yang datang dari luar, terutama bakteri. Salah satu permasalahan kulit yang sering ditemui saat ini di kalangan remaja adalah jerawat. Salah satu bakteri penyebab tumbuhnya jerawat adalah Staphylococcus epidermidis. Daun pegagan (centella asiatica) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung zat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji organoleptik dan daya hambat suatu sediaan lotion dari ekstrak daun pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi lotion yang mengandung ekstrak pegagan 0,5 ml, 0,75 ml dan 1 ml mampu menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan nilai daya hambat sebesar 28 mm, 28 mm dan 29 mm. Hasil Uji Kruskal Wallis diperoleh nilai p value sebesar 0,010 (p ≤ 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat efek penghambatan sediaan lotion dari ekstrak daun pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis.
UJI SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN GRANUL EFFERVESCENT SARI BUAH TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Ningsih Ade Irma Fitria
Published: February 2025

Tomat merupakan salah satu tanaman yang kaya akan nutrisi untuk kulit, dalam buah tomat matang mengandung komponen NMF (natural moisturizer factor) yang dapat melembabkan kulit secara alami, tomat memiliki kandungan vitamin C yang baik, berguna sebagai antioksidan dan sangat baik untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik granul effervescent sari buah tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) memenuhi standar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu motode eval_uatif. Granul effervescent sari buah tomat dibuat dalam tiga formulasi dengan perbedaan konsentrasi zat aktif, sebagai berikut: formula 1 = 20%, formula 2 = 30%, dan formula 3 = 40%. Pada formula 1 didapatkan pengujian waktu alir 0,46 detik, sudut diam 26⁰, pengetapan 12,97%, kadar air 3,9%, dan waktu dispersi 1.13 menit.  Pada formula 2, di dapatkan hasil pengujian waktu alir 0,55 detik, sudut diam 25⁰, pengetapan 10,95%, kadar air 2,7%, dan waktu disperse 1.24 menit. Sedangkan pada formula 3, didapatkan hasil pengujian waktu alir 0,80 detik, sudut diam 25⁰, pengetapan 11,63%, kadar air 4,1% dan waktu dispersi 1.21 menit. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa granul effervescent sari buah tomat memenuhi syarat uji sifat fisik granul.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Perilaku Swamedikasi Penanganan Nyeri di Masyarakat Kelurahan Karang Pule Kecamatan Sekarbela Kota Mataram Tahun 2024
Authors: Radiah Nur , Hartinah Indri , Ifada Andy Susbandiyah
Published: February 2025

Kesehatan adalah keadaan sejahtera dari badan, jiwa dan sosial yang memungkinkan setiap orang hidup produktif secara sosial dan ekonomi. Hal yang sering dilakukan seseorang agar kembali sehat adalah berobat ke Dokter atau mengobati diri sendiri yang biasa disebut dengan swamedikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku swamedikasi nyeri terhadap masyarakat yang berada di kelurahan Karang Pule Kecamatan Sekarbela Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, penelitian ini sudah dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2024 di Kelurahan Karang Pule Kecamatan Sekarbela Kota Mataram dengan populasi dalam penelitian berjumlah 1400 jiwa teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling yaitu teknik penentuan sampel yang didasarkan atas kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sedangkan sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 94 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan responden dengan swamedikasi nyeri dikatakan cukup dengan persentase (47,87%), dan untuk perilaku swamedikasi nyeri dikatakan cukup dengan persentase responden sebanyak (39,36%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang tingkat pengetahuan dengan perilaku swamedikasi nyeri di Masyarakat Kelurahan Karang Pule dikategorikan Baik. Dan tidak ada hubungan signifikan anatara pengetahuan dengan perilaku swamedikasi nyeri masyarakat. Diharapkan untuk tenaga Kesehatan mengadakan penyuluhan terhadap swamedikasi nyeri di masyarakat
Stereotype Threat: An Enemy of Women in Business
Authors: REDZIO Anna M.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to increase knowledge about the gender gap in business, especially in domains traditionally considered to be male, and thus contribute to reducing this phenomenon. One of the possible explanations for this gap is stereotype threat: a situation when one is apprehensive of confirming a negative stereotype about their social group’s competencies (Steele and Aronson, 1995). Such a situation commonly occurs in everyday life and can seriously affect the professional career of many women. The immediate effect of stereotype threat is deterioration of performance tasks form the stereotyped domain. If such a situation repeats, some women may withdraw from a “male” domain (e.g. Woodcock et al., 2012) because the emotional costs of having to prove that they can be as good as men are too high. Besides, studies by Tellhed and Björklund (2011) indicate that women under stereotype threat make lower salary requests. In this paper several methods of combating stereotype threat are reviewed. Particular attention was paid to the phenomenon of intellectual helplessness at school which, as research by Bedyńska and her colleagues (2018, 2019) shows, contributes to the formation of stereotype threat. Thus, the role of teachers and educators in preventing it is crucial. Several methods to prevent intellectual helplessness and thus stereotype threat in girls by teachers at school, are described.
Assessment of the southern polar and subpolar warming in the PMIP4 last interglacial simulations using paleoclimate data syntheses
Authors: Gao Qinggang , Capron Emilie , Sime Louise C. , Rhodes Rachael H. , Sivankutty Rahul , Zhang Xu , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Werner Martin
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Given relatively abundant paleo-proxies, the study of the last interglacial (LIG, ∼ 129–116 000 years ago, ka) is valuable to understanding the responses and feedback of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica in a warmer-than-preindustrial climate. The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 4 (PMIP4) coordinated LIG model simulations which focus on 127 ka. Here we evaluate 12 PMIP4 127 ka Tier 1 model simulations against four recent paleoclimate syntheses of LIG sea and air temperatures and sea ice concentrations. The four syntheses include 99 reconstructions, and all syntheses support the presence of a warmer Southern Ocean, with reduced sea ice and a warmer Antarctica at 127 ka compared to the preindustrial. The PMIP4 127 ka Tier 1 simulations, forced solely by orbital parameters and greenhouse gas concentrations, do not capture the magnitude of this warming. Here we follow up on previous work that suggests the importance of preceding deglaciation meltwater release into the North Atlantic for the early last interglacial climate. We run a 3000-year 128 ka simulation using HadCM3 with a 0.25 Sv North Atlantic freshwater hosing, which approximates the PMIP4 127 ka Tier 2 H11 (Heinrich event 11) simulation. The hosed 128 ka HadCM3 simulation captures much of the warming and sea ice loss shown in the four data syntheses at 127 ka relative to preindustrial: south of 40° S, modeled annual sea surface temperature (SST) rises by 1.3 ± 0.6 °C, while reconstructed average anomalies range from 2.2 to 2.7 °C; modeled summer SST increases by 1.1 ± 0.7 °C, close to the 1.2–2.2 °C reconstructed average anomalies; September sea ice area (SIA) is reduced by 40 %, similar to the reconstructed 40 % reduction of sea ice concentration (SIC); over the Antarctic Ice Sheet, modeled annual surface air temperature (SAT) increases by 2.6 ± 0.4 °C, even larger than reconstructed average anomalies of 2.2 °C. Our results suggest that the impacts of meltwater from deglaciating ice sheets need to be considered to simulate the Southern Ocean and Antarctic changes at 127 ka.
Bioaerosols as indicators of central Arctic ice nucleating particle sources
Authors: Barry Kevin R. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , DeMott Paul J. , Tobo Yutaka , Creamean Jessie M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Arctic is warming at a rapid rate, with implications for microbial communities as the ecosystems change. Some microbes and biogenic materials can affect the persistence of long-lived mixed-phase clouds by serving as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The presence of INPs modulates the cloud phase, and long-term measurements are important to elucidate their seasonal sources and predict future change. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in 2019–2020 provided the first year-long measurements of bioaerosols and INPs in the central Arctic. Here, we investigated the INP seasonal cycle and its relation to the seasonal cycle of bacteria and eukaryotes. INPs were greatly elevated and compositionally similar in summer, aligning with a greater prevalence of local bioaerosol sources, but despite this, a diverse mixture of sources (marine and terrestrial) was present all times. A common broader Arctic INP population is hypothesized for much of the year by comparable coincident data collected in Svalbard and a sensitivity of both the INPs and bioaerosols to large-scale events.
Zircon micro-inclusions as an obstacle for in situ garnet U-Pb geochronology: An example from the As Sifah eclogite locality, Oman
Authors: Walters Jesse B. , Garber Joshu M. , Beranoaguirre Aratz , Millonig Leo , Gerdes Axel , Grützner Tobias , Marschall Horst R.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Garnet is commonly used to calculate pressure (P)-temperature (T) histories of metamorphic rocks, as well as to monitor changes in bulk-rock composition (X) and deformation (d). In situ U-Pb geochronology by laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) is a rapid and relatively high spatial resolution technique, which can be used to constrain the timing of the metamorphic P–T–X–d histories preserved in garnet. However, the low U contents (low µg/g to ng/g levels) of most common metamorphic garnet crystals presents unique analytical challenges, including potential contamination of the U-Pb system by high-U inclusions, such as zircon, rutile, and monazite. Here we use LA split-stream (SS)-ICPMS analysis to simultaneously measure the U, Th, and Pb isotopes and trace-element contents of eclogite-facies garnet from metamafic rocks at As Sifah, Oman. We observe abundant zircon micro-inclusions (<2 µm) in all five dated samples. Strong linear correlations in U vs Zr contents in the analysed laser-ablation spots plot along garnet–zircon mixing lines, the slopes of which can only be explained by zircon contamination. Despite clear zircon contamination in the trace-element data, the time-resolved laser-ablation U and Pb signals show some irregularities but lack sharp diagnostic spikes typically indicative of inclusions. Instead, zircon micro-inclusions are sufficiently small, abundant, and dispersed over the scale of the laser spot site (193 μm diameter) such that their contribution to the U, Th, and Pb signals is diluted to produce irregular time-resolved signals that have previously not been identified as inclusions. Analyses affected by contamination result in well-defined U-Pb regression lines that give concordia intercept dates of 94–89 Ma. After screening, only one sample had sufficient inclusion-free analyses and spread in U-Pb ratios to calculate a statistically meaningful date. The calculated concordia intercept date of 71 ± 7 Ma is consistent within uncertainty of previously published garnet–whole rock Sm-Nd peak metamorphic ages. We suggest that the 94–89 Ma ages represent the growth of micro-zircons produced during low-grade metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration of the mafic tuff protolith during the submergence of and sediment deposition on the Arabian margin at this time. To obviate the effect of micro-inclusions in garnet LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology, we recommend a careful examination of garnet grains by electron microscopy prior to analysis and determination of background garnet U, Th, Pb contents and Th/U combined with the rejection of analyses with even slight or moderately irregular signals. We also demonstrate that LASS-ICPMS is a powerful tool to screen for inclusion contamination for in situ U-Pb garnet geochronology, providing confidence in the geologic meaning of the resulting ages.
Future global water scarcity partially alleviated by vegetation responses to atmospheric CO2 and climate change
Authors: Stacey Jessica , Betts Richard , Hartley Andrew , Mercado Lina , Gedney Nicola
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurate water scarcity projections are essential for effective adaptation strategies. Most existing studies rely on hydrology models that often neglect the effects of plant physiological responses to rising CO2 on the water cycle , such as reduced stomatal opening, which can decrease transpiration and enhance water availability over large scales. Using a land surface model driven by an Earth system model under a high-emission climate scenario, we evaluate how physiological and structural plant responses to rising CO2 and subsequent climate change affect the Water Scarcity Index (WSI). Our simulations suggest that the combined effects of these plant responses partially alleviate WSI for most regions, largely due to CO2-induced stomatal closure. However, CO2- and climate-induced vegetation changes do exacerbate water scarcity in some places, particularly arid regions. By 2076–2095, when incorporating all plant responses in our projections, global median WSI is approximately 12 % lower, and among 291 global river basins, median WSI is between 10 and 70 % lower in 138 basins, home to 80 % of the global population, and between 10 % and 60 % higher in 11 basins, home to 0.2 % of the population. These model results highlight the potential for plant responses to CO2 to somewhat alleviate water scarcity, noting water scarcity is still projected to worsen in many regions, including highly populated areas. There is an urgent need to gather empirical evidence on the strength of plant responses to CO2 at large scales to address modelling uncertainties.
HOLSEA-NL: a Holocene water level and sea level indicator dataset for the Netherlands
Authors: de Wit Kim , Cohen Kim M. , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Deltas and coastal plains worldwide developed under the influence of relative sea level rise (RSLR) during the Holocene. In the Netherlands, Holocene RSLR results from both regional sea level rise and regional subsidence patterns, mainly caused by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA: Scandinavian forebulge collapse) and longer-term North Sea Basin tectono-sedimentary subsidence. Past coastal and inland water levels are preserved in geological indicators marking the gradual drowning of an area, for example, basal peats. Such geological water level indicators have been used in the Netherlands for varying types of research. However, uniform overviews of these data exist only for smaller local subsets, rather than for the entire Netherlands. In this paper, we present a dataset of 712 Holocene water level indicators from the Dutch coastal plain that are relevant for studying RSLR and regional subsidence, compiled in HOLSEA workbook format (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11098446, De Wit and Cohen, 2024). This format was expanded to allow for the registration of basal-peat-type geological indicators, the documentation of Dutch-setting-specific parameters and their accompanying uncertainties, the assessment of the indicative meaning, and the appropriate correction of the raw vertical positions of the indicators. Overall, our new, internally consistent, expanded documentation provided for the water level indicators encourages users to choose the information relevant to their research and report RSLR uncertainties transparently. With respect to the indicators, 59 % were collected in 1950–2000, mainly in academic studies and survey mapping campaigns; 37 % were collected in 2000–2020 in academic studies and archaeological surveying projects; and 4 % were collected in this study, with the latter mainly being collected in previously undersampled central and northern regions of the Netherlands. Prominent regional differences exist in the vertical position and abundance of the indicators. Older indicators in our dataset are primarily located in the deeper seaward area of the Netherlands. These indicators correspond well with previous transgression reconstructions partly based on the same data. The younger, landward set of indicators in the Rhine–Meuse delta inland and Flevoland regions corresponds to the transgression phase reaching further inland, from 8000 cal BP onwards. Northern indicators of Middle Holocene age (8–5 ka cal BP) generally lie 2–3 m lower than those in the south. This difference is less for younger data, showing spatial and temporal variation in RSLR throughout the Netherlands.
Evaluation of CORDEX ERA5-forced NARCliM2.0 regional climate models over Australia using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4.1.2
Authors: Di Virgilio Giovanni , Ji Fei , Tam Eugene , Evans Jason P. , Kala Jatin , Andrys Julia , Thomas Christopher , Choudhury Dipayan , Rocha Carlos , Li Yue , Riley Matthew L.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Understanding regional climate model (RCM) capabilities to simulate current climate informs model development and climate change assessments. This is the first evaluation of the NARCliM2.0 ensemble of seven Weather Forecasting and Research RCMs driven by ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) over Australia at 20 km resolution contributing to CORDEX-CMIP6 Australasia and southeastern Australia at convection-permitting resolution (4 km). The performances of these seven ERA5 RCMs (R1–R7) in simulating mean and extreme maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation are evaluated against observations at annual, seasonal, and daily timescales and compared to corresponding performances of previous-generation CORDEX-CMIP5 Australasia ERA-Interim-driven RCMs. ERA5 RCMs substantially reduce cold biases for mean and extreme maximum temperature versus ERA-Interim RCMs, with the best-performing ERA5 RCMs showing small mean absolute biases (ERA5-R5: 0.54 K; ERA5-R1: 0.81 K, respectively) but produce no improvements for minimum temperature. At 20 km resolution, improvements in mean and extreme precipitation for ERA5 RCMs versus ERA-Interim RCMs are principally evident over southeastern Australia, whereas strong biases remain over northern Australia. At convection-permitting scale over southeastern Australia, mean absolute biases for mean precipitation for the ERA5 RCM ensemble are around 79 % smaller versus the ERA-Interim RCMs that simulate for this region. Although ERA5 reanalysis data confer improvements over ERA-Interim, only improvements in precipitation simulation by ERA5 RCMs are attributable to the ERA5 driving data, with RCM improvements for maximum temperature being more attributable to model design choices, suggesting improved driving data do not guarantee all RCM performance improvements, with potential implications for CMIP6-forced dynamical downscaling. This evaluation shows that NARCliM2.0 ERA5 RCMs provide valuable reference simulations for upcoming CMIP6-forced downscaling over CORDEX-Australasia and are informative datasets for climate impact studies. Using a subset of these RCMs for simulating CMIP6-forced climate projections over CORDEX-Australasia and/or at convection-permitting scales could yield tangible benefits in simulating regional climate.
A New Method Towards More Rational Drought Propagation Characterization in Karst Regions
Authors: Tang Han , Shi Peng , Qu Simin , Yang Xiaoqiang , Jiang Peng , Zhao Lanlan , Li Qiongfang , Sun Yiqun
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Drought propagation time (TP) and lag time (TL) from meteorological to hydrological droughts are two important indicators for characterizing drought propagation, and thus, reasonable estimates of these indicators are conducive to improve the prediction of hydrological droughts. However, traditional quantification methods are mostly based on moving correlations of whole hydro-meteorological series, including the misinformative non-drought periods. Particularly for the karst regions, the flashy regime of rainfall-runoff relationship during non-drought periods might strongly bias the estimations of the drought propagation indicators. In this study, we propose a new method that use only the informative drought-period data to better quantify the above indicators. Moreover, we compared the effectiveness between the new and traditional methods in regions with different karstification degrees. The results revealed that: (1) hydrological drought events generally exhibited reduced frequencies, longer durations, and smaller deficit volumes than the corresponding meteorological drought events; (2) compared to conventional methods, the TP and TL obtained by using the new method better meet the practical requirements for monitoring more hydrological drought deficit volume, especially in karst regions; (3) the karstification degree is a key factor influencing the difference between the results obtained using the new and traditional methods, and the superiority of the new method is more pronounced with stronger karstification degrees of the region. The above results can improve our understanding of the drought propagation features in karst regions and can provide an evidence-base for precautional drought-mitigation actions.
Computing the time-dependent activity rate using non-declustered and declustered catalogues – a first step towards time-dependent seismic hazard calculations for operational earthquake forecasting
Authors: Montiel-López David , Molina Sergio , Galiana-Merino Juan José , Gómez Igor , Kharazian Alireza , Soler-Llorens Juan Luis , Huesca-Tortosa José Antonio , Guardiola-Villora Arianna , Ortuño-Sáez Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) typically requires tectonic b values and seismic activity rates using declustered catalogues to compute the annual probability of exceedance of a given ground motion (for example, the peak ground acceleration or PGA). In this work, we propose a methodology that includes the spatially gridded time-dependent b value and activity rate computation using seismic clusters in PSHA calculations. To account for the spatial variability and the relationship of the earthquakes with the seismic sources, we incorporate the distance from the centre of the grid cell to the closest fault and the epicentre's uncertainty into the smoothing kernel as the average distance and the variance, respectively. To illustrate this methodology, we selected two scenarios as representatives of the high-seismicity region and low-to-moderate-seismicity region. The first one is located in Central Italy, where the L'Aquila earthquake happened, while the other is in south-eastern Spain, where several earthquakes with a moment magnitude (Mw) greater than 4.0 have taken place over the last 30 years, including two earthquakes with magnitude greater than or equal to 5.0. We compared three different seismic activity models based on the parameters considered in the calculations (distance from spatial cells to faults and epicentral distance uncertainty), and we defined and calculated the changes in the annual probability of exceedance for a given background PGA value. The results reveal noticeable changes in the annual probability of exceedance in the proximity of the occurrence of significant events. In the case of Italy, the annual probability of exceedance increases significantly, but in the case of Spain not all the earthquakes have an associated increase in the exceedance probability. However, we have observed how, for moderate- to low-seismicity regions, the use of a non-declustered catalogue can be appropriate when computing time-dependent PSHA, as in the case of Spain.
Compound events in Germany in 2018: drivers and case studies
Authors: Xoplaki Elena , Ellsäßer Florian , Grieger Jens , Nissen Katrin M. , Pinto Joaquim G. , Augenstein Markus , Chen Ting-Chen , Feldmann Hendrik , Friederichs Petra , Gliksman Daniel , Goulier Laura , Haustein Karsten , Heinke Jens , Jach Lisa , Knutzen Florian , Kollet Stefan , Luterbacher Jürg , Luther Niklas , Mohr Susanna , Mudersbach Christoph , Müller Christoph , Rousi Efi , Simon Felix , Suarez-Gutierrez Laura , Szemkus Svenja , Vallejo-Bernal Sara M. , Vlachopoulos Odysseas , Wolf Frederik
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Europe frequently experiences a wide range of extreme events and natural hazards, including heatwaves, extreme precipitation, droughts, cold spells, windstorms, and storm surges. Many of these events do not occur as single extreme events but rather show a multivariate character, known as compound events. We investigate the interactions between extreme weather events, their characteristics, and changes in their intensity and frequency, as well as uncertainties in the past, present, and future. We also explore their impacts on various socio-economic sectors in Germany and central Europe. This contribution highlights several case studies with special focus on 2018, a year marked by an exceptional sequence of compound events across large parts of Europe, resulting in severe impacts on human lives, ecosystems, and infrastructure. We provide new insights into the drivers of spatially and temporally compound events, such as heat and drought, and heavy precipitation combined with extreme winds, and their adverse effects on ecosystems and society, using large-scale atmospheric patterns. We also examine the interannual influence of droughts on surface water and the impact of water scarcity and heatwaves on agriculture and forests. We assess projected changes in compound events at different current and future global surface temperature levels, demonstrating the need for improved quantification of future extreme events to support adaptation planning. Finally, we address research gaps and future directions, stressing the importance of defining composite events primarily in terms of their impacts prior to their statistical characterisation.
paliotto d’argento di Olimpia Aldobrandini su disegno di Carlo Fontana nella Chiesa del Gesù di Roma.
Authors: Marangon Elisa
Published: February 2025

Gli studi realizzati a partire dai primi anni Ottanta sulla figura e le funzioni degli agenti nelle diverse epoche dell’Europa moderna hanno offerto la possibilità ad un numero sempre maggiore di studiosi di approcciarsi alla ricerca mediante l’utilizzo di numerosi modelli interpretativi e approcci interdisciplinari. In particolare, l’analisi delle reti di relazioni politiche, sociali e artistiche condotta sulle fonti epistolari si è dimostrata il metodo prediletto d’indagine: la corrispondenza del principe-vescovo di Olomouc Karl von Lichtenstein-Castelcorno con i membri della Curia romana non fa eccezione. Il ruolo di tramite tra il contesto dell’Urbe e il prelato era ricoperto dal suo agente Giovanni Petignier: in una lettera inviata nell’agosto 1682, Petignier lo informa sulla donazione di un paliotto d’argento di seicento libbre alla Chiesa del Gesù da parte della principessa Olimpia Aldobrandini-Pamphilj. Scopo del presente articolo riguarda la ricostruzione storica della vicenda che vide protagonista il prezioso arredo, dalle prime tracce documentarie fino alla sua dispersione, al fine di sottolineare il ruolo di cultural transfer ricoperto dall’agente nel contesto socioculturale della Roma di fine Seicento, nonché attribuire la scultura all’architetto Carlo Fontana analizzando i legami intrattenuti da quest’ultimo con la famiglia Pamphilj.
Los cuadros y los espectadores miran y son mirados. Estética del enfrentamiento cuadro/espectador en Édouard Manet
Authors: Gutiérrez-Jordano Carmen
Published: February 2025

En este artículo se muestra que la pintura de Manet pretende superar, por un lado, la estética de la teatralidad y, por otro, la estética de la neutralización del espectador y del cerramiento del cuadro. Para ello emplea en su pintura varios dispositivos que pretenden mostrar, primero, que los cuadros tienen conciencia de la presencia del espectador y que son objetos hechos para ser contemplados; y segundo, que los cuadros tienen la suficiente entidad como para mirar e interpelar al espectador. La consecuencia es una estética del enfrentamiento mutuo cuadro/espectador. El espectador mira el cuadro, pero también el cuadro le mira a él. El cuadro interpela al espectador.
Entre telas anda la palabra de Dios: la compleja iconografía de la Virgen con el Niño y san Juanito de Joan de Borgonya
Authors: Moreno Coll Araceli
Published: February 2025

Nos proponemos ahondar en el elaborado programa iconográfico de la pintura la Virgen con el Niño y san Juanito (Barcelona, MNAC, 005690-000), creada por Joan de Borgonya (doc. 1496-1525). Esta obra exhibe un notable despliegue de recursos visuales y presenta escenas vinculadas con María, protagonista de algunos episodios clave para la historia de la redención humana, y con la Infancia de Jesús. Hasta el momento, no se ha identificado ninguna obra que contenga todos los elementos representados; no obstante, es evidente que el artista se inspiró en el trabajo de otros maestros, como detallaremos a lo largo del texto. A través de nuestro análisis, buscamos ofrecer una posible interpretación: la Salvación del hombre a través de la palabra divina y la conversión.
Los creadores del vestido: los sastres de la Real Cámara en tiempos de Carlos IV y María Luisa de Parma (1789-1808)
Authors: ANTÚNEZ LÓPEZ SANDRA
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este artículo se centra en conocer la trayectoria artística de los principales sastres durante el reinado de Carlos IV y María Luisa de Parma. Haremos un breve repaso sobre la situación de los sastres que trabajaban para palacio, ya que se diferenciaban de su ocupación, sueldo y posición dentro de la jerarquía palatina. Analizaremos que vestidos encargaba la reina y por quienes fueron confeccionados. Las manos artesanas de los sastres Pedro Alcántara García, Manuel Ballesteros, Jorge Martín o Francisco González confeccionaron las obras textiles destinadas para la imagen regia femenina. Las fuentes primarias consultadas evidencian datos inéditos hasta el momento, que permiten estudiar a los artesanos de la confección y su producción textil para la monarquía.
GENDER, INTIMACY, AND DIGITAL PRACTICES: INSIGHTS INTO ITALIAN TEENAGERS' EXPERIENCES
Authors: Bernardini Vittoria , Comunello Francesca , Scarcelli Cosimo Marco , Parisi Lorenza
Published: February 2025

The relationship between digital practices, gender, and intimacy in teenagers’ everyday life is gaining growing attention. We can look at digital media as environments that offer young people agency and spaces where they can construct and perform their identity (boyd 2014) through bricolage practices (Willett 2008) and by experimenting with their own selves, also with regard to gender and intimacy (Ferreira 2021; Metcalfe & Llewellyn 2020; Scarcelli 2015; De Ridder 2017; Livingstone & Mason 2015). Studies have also devoted attention to communicative interactions (e.g.,“sexting”), investigating both the incorporation of and resistance to specific gender and sexual ideologies (Ringrose et al. 2013; Scarcelli 2020).

The aim of our paper is to analyse how Italian teenagers (aged 15-18) (re)define their understanding of gender and intimacy by engaging with digital media and incorporating it into their daily lives. In the first step of our research we are conducting six focus groups with students (15-18) from secondary schools in six cities located in three Italian regions. In the second step, we will carry out in depth semi-structured interviews with teenagers. The combination of these methods will allow to explore topics such as teenagers' digital practices in relation to performing gender identities and sexual orientation on different platforms; teens’ interaction with others in relation to intimate practices; the use of specific platforms for homosocial interaction; use of digital resources to seek information about gender; digital media representations. Results cover a wide set of digital practices, organised along three (interrelated) dimensions: gender, sexuality and intimate relationships.
"I HAVE STOPPED CARING IF I SHOULD THINK BEFORE POSTING ONLINE": JOURNEY OF INDIAN WOMEN TO DIGITAL ACTIVISM AGAINST SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Authors: Chatterjee Nivedita
Published: February 2025

Indian women activists are increasingly integrating digital strategies in their fight against the burning issue of sexual violence. Their digital strategies help them navigate the Indian socio-digital landscape, which is an extension of the sociocultural context they live in. There are limited studies in the area of digital feminist activism emerging from the Global South, especially from the context of post-colonial India. There is a concerning gap in the literature on this topic when it comes to understanding the factors that shape women's digital activism against sexual violence. Therefore while addressing this gap, this paper investigates digital activism by Indian women against sexual violence under the overarching question of; what are the rhetorical practices of digital feminist protest by Indian women activists against sexual violence? Anchored in the framework of postcolonial feminism, I examine the journey of the local Indian women to digital activism; to understand their motivation and access to digital technology. My interviews with 20 Indian women activists from diverse backgrounds within the Indian landscape reveal the factors that shape their journey to digital activism. This paper contributes to understanding the role class, status, and geographical location play in women's journey to digital activism against sexual violence, within a post-colonial Global South country as India.
WORD ON THE (DIGITAL) STREET: EXPLORING YOUTUBE VLOGS AS REPUTATION MANAGEMENT FOR ARTISTS IN CHICAGO’S DRILL RAP SCENE
Authors: Evans Jabari Miles
Published: February 2025

In Drill music, Chicago’s subgenre of Gangsta rap, Black male gang-affiliated recording artists (Drillers) often distribute content on social media platforms to solidify the authenticity of their song lyrics and music videos and validate their own embeddedness in gang territories. Using content analysis of two prominent Drillers’ vlogs, this study examines how YouTube channels serves as important intermediaries to not only circulate one’s music but provide Drillers a valuable reputation management tool. Results of this analysis suggests there are three primary ways that Drillers relate audiences: “signifying” (using humor to discredit a rival’s accusations and appear unbothered), “calling bluffs” (threatening or challenging a rival to retaliate by inviting them to their physical location) and cross referencing (calling attention to private information that contradicts one’s public image through storytelling). These findings show that though publicly crafting violent personas remains central in Black male youth gaining visibility in the corporate rap music industry, through social media entertainment, there are newer and riskier labor practices required for Black male youth seeking to self-authenticate street reputations, monetize, and create community around personas communicated within their music.
QUEER DIGITAL LIVES: UNDERSTANDING DATAFICATION THROUGH CREATIVE COLLABORATIVE APPROACHES
Authors: Ferrari Elisabetta , Owens Liv , Bichard-Collins Lily
Published: February 2025

Grounded in a participatory action research (PAR) framework, this project examines how queer individuals experience datafication and surveillance in their daily lives and respond to it. Building on existing literature on both datafication and LGBTQ+ digital practices, we address the tensions around visibility, invisibility and hypervisibility that emerge in queer people’s encounters with the datafied gaze. The research is based on three focus groups and a zine-making workshop, conducted with a small group of LGBTQ+ participants in Glasgow (UK) and involving different creative and participatory activities. We find that participants are aware of the amount of data that is collected about them, and they think that ‘opting out’ is largely unrealistic; they remark on how much this data collection renders them heavily visible online and specifically visible as queer. They highlight two paradoxes: first, that the enactment of safety policies by corporate digital platforms renders queer communities more visible, but not safer; second, that these platforms are sites for the development of queer knowledge but are also extracting it. Further, participants explain the tactics of invisibility they adopt to set boundaries to protect themselves; while they had not previously necessarily thought of them as responding to datafication, they became aware of this connection by participating in our research. Lastly, participants’ experiences show how knowledge about visibility and invisibility circulates within queer communities, leading to mutual learning. By adopting a PAR approach, our project not only documents participants’ experiences but also invites them to co-create empowering knowledge about datafication and surveillance.