bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel CO2Responsive Viscoelastic Surfactant based Clear Fracturing Fluid for High-Temperature Unconventional Reservoir
Authors: Shaikh Azizullah , Caili Dai , Yonpeng Sun , Foutou Varel , Bakhsh Allah , Ali Imtiaz , Ansari Ubedullah , Guang Zhao
Published: March 2021

An unconventional reservoir is a term to describe a hydrocarbon resource that could not be technically or economically recoverable without stimulation. Unconventional oil and gas resources are 4-5 times over conventional oil and gas resources. Currently, there is a limitation for using slick-water volume fracturing and gas (water) injection adding energy for drainage and displacement individually. Also, the efficient hydrocarbons production from the high-temperature unconventional reservoir is the main challenge. In the current study, a CO2based viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid with a specific molar ratio of erucic acid, 2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-triazaundecane, potassium hydroxide, and carbon dioxide (EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO2) was developed as a good candidate for high-temperature and water alternating treatment for high-temperature unconventional reservoirs. The fracturing fluid will play the role of “one with multi-purpose” by proppant-carrying, CO2energy supplementary displacement, and surfactant imbibition drainage displacement. The fracturing fluid (EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO2) performance evaluation method for determination of shear and heat resistance, viscoelasticity, proppant carrying capacity, gel breaking ability, and salt tolerance is employed as evaluation indices by using HTHP rheometer. The rheological results of steady shear viscosity of the fracturing fluid system confirm that the EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO2was observed in the properties of a wormlike micelles (WLMs) structure, micelles assembly, and the intermolecular interactions. The steady shear viscosity above 41 mPa.s at a shear rate of 170 s‒1and temperature 95 °C validates the excellent proppant carrying capacity as per national industry standards of the fracturing process. Further, the gel structure breaking at temperature 135 °C and 170 s‒1bear the shear viscosity less than 5 mPa.s, which results in a rapid flow back from the well after the fracturing process. Moreover, the fluid system has high salt tolerance against different inorganic salts such as NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2using different concentrations. By retaining the desirable qualities such as; easy to prepare, environment friendly, commercially available, high in viscoelasticity, and thermally stable; the fracturing fluid system (EA-TMTAD-KOH-CO2) will be an outstanding candidate in industrial applications like water-alternating and high-temperature unconventional reservoirs.
Adhesive Bonding Analysis of Single Lap Joint Composite E-Glass Fiber WR 600
Authors: Firmansyah H N , Brillian IW , Bangga DA
Published: March 2021

Composite is a material that is widely used in the manufacturing industry, especially in aircraft manufacturing. The use of composites generally lies in the airframe structure, which consists of joints. Composite joints are a method for combining structures and have become important research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the bonding strength and failure modes of single lap joint composite made of Epoxy resin and WR 600 Glass Fiber with different compositions for tensile testing. The standard for tensile testing is in accordance with ASTM D5868-01. The process started by making a specimen using the hand lay-up method with a vacuum bag. There were two types of specimens; A is a specimen with 74.82% resin and 25.18% fiber, while B is 66.42% resin and 33.57% fiber. Simply put, specimen B has less resin than specimen A. Tensile test results show that Specimen B had higher strength than specimen A. For bonding failure mode, specimen A was adhesive failure and for specimen B was cohesive failure. It was showed that the composition of the composite affects the shear lap strength.
Finite element analysis of village car pickup ladder frame chassis- a case study
Authors: Roziqin Ahmad , Kriswanto  , Aryadi W
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyse the structural design of a village car chassis that uses a ladder frame type to simulate extreme road conditions in countryside areas. The research method used is finite element analysis. The material used for the simulation is Carbon steel tube JIS G 3472 STAM, STAM 440 G and for the bracket used Carbon Steel AISI 1020 (UNS G10200). The load simulation was varied from the chassis conditions of 0°, 15° uphill, and 15° downhill. The pedestal conditions on the chassis are varied from 4 wheels to 3 wheels. The variation of loads applied to the chassis structure consists of 1) normal loads and 2) extreme loads. Based on the data from the analysis of static loading on the village car chassis, the maximum stress generated was 297 N/mm2 in the 15° uphill chassis conditions without the support of one right rear wheel. The maximum displacement was 12.2 mm in 15° uphill conditions without the support of one left rear wheel. The average value of von mises stress on the chassis was 156.41 N/mm2 with an average safety factor value of 2.19 and an average displacement value of 4.36 mm. It can be concluded that the chassis design is safe to withstand dynamic loads according to industry specifications.
Characterization of synthetic fibers and cotton composites used in prosthetic socket
Authors: Widayat W , Al-Janan D H , Wakhidah D F , Prabowo D
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the bending and impact strength of the laminate composite Co/G/Co (cotton - glass fiber - cotton) and C/G/C (carbon fiber - glass fiber - carbon fiber) that are used by Garuda Medica, an orthotic and prosthetic manufacturer in Tridadi, Sleman Regency, to make prosthetic sockets. Co/G/Co and C/G/C laminate composites with layer variants of 2/1/2 and 4/2/4 for each composite were made by hand layup method. All variants were tested for their flexural and impact strength. The addition of the laminate layer and the replacement of the outer laminate increase the strength of the composite. The replacement of the outer laminate from cotton to carbon increased the strength. The lowest impact strength of the composites, namely the [Co2/G/Co2] variant, has met the requirement of the socket impact strength that is suitable for use. However, the stacking sequence of Co/G/Co and C/G/C are not recommended when viewed from the strength and classification of the constituent laminates.
Dual-axis solar tracking system based on Raspberry Pi imaging
Authors: Suryanto A , Hudallah N , Andrasto T , Adhiningtyas C F , Khusniasari S A
Published: March 2021

Photovoltaic can transform daylight into electrical power. The application of solar tracking system improves the efficiency of photovoltaic system by increasing solar radiation fall on PV’s surface. This paper provides a low-cost solar tracking system based on image processing. Using Raspberry Pi Camera Board as a sensor to eliminate the need of another sensor. Image captured by camera fed to Raspberry Pi to calculate the position of the brightest sky body from the system’s perspective. the proposed system will face to the east and go to sleep mode after the sun set and start to work after the sun rise. This dual-axis solar tracking system based on Raspberry Pi imaging works properly whether it’s a sunny or heavily cloudy day.
Comparison analysis performance microstrip antennas for software and measurement
Authors: M Oka I G A A , Cahyadi C I , Sitopu M W
Published: March 2021

In antenna design there are several antenna software that can be used to design for example CST, Microsoft office AWR, Advance Digital Signal (ADS). After calculating using the antenna formula, then it is designed using antenna software. Antennas are printed and measured to determine the performance parameters of the antenna. When designing by calculating using formulas, and software, which is then measured using the Vector Network Analyser (VNA). In this study, it can be seen the level of error using antenna software, as well as measurements on performance parameters. The antenna size is 49x49 mm2 both using antenna software and measurement. The result of performance parameters return loss are -47.43 dB, bandwidth of 163.7 MHz and VSWR 1.009 using software at the frequency 2.4 GHz. The result performance parameters by measurement, return loss decreases to -12 dB, bandwidth of 119 MHz and VSWR 1.111 at frequency 2.334 GHz. The difference in the performance parameter values between software and measurement can be influenced by several factors are when printing antenna, soldering that is to hot causes copper in the antenna to become hot so it affects the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Sentiment analysis of hate speech as an information tool to prevent riots and environmental damage
Authors: Marchellim G A , Ruldeviyani Y
Published: March 2021

Twitter is currently one of the most popular social media in the world. Indonesia ranked in 8th the most Twitter users from all over the world with the 10.65 million users. President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, was ranked 8th leader with the most followers on Twitter, with 11 million users. Everyone can express or give an opinion on something or what they thought through social media including create or spreading the hate speech. One result of this hate speech can lead to mass demonstrations which can result in environmental destruction. Our research focused on sentiment analysis of hate speech towards Indonesian president by comparing the performance between Random Forest algorithm and Support Vector Machine algorithm to prevent the negative result of hate speech that can be happen in the future. This research obtained 550 tweets and labelled manually whether it is categorized as a hate speech or not and divided into each of 275 data for positive and negative sentiments. Random Forest classifier has the best performance by combining gini criterion with the number of trees 128 with the result of the accuracy score is 76.7%, precision score 82.7%, recall score 64%, and F1 score 73.3%. Support Vector Machine classifier has the best performance by combining the linear kernel type and set the C parameter to 100 with the result of the accuracy score at 74.7%, precision score 100%, recall score 49.3%, and F1 score 66.1%. Random Forest classifier performs its best in scoring F1 score, accuracy, and recall while Support Vector Machine classifier performs its best in scoring precision. Based on the results, Random Forest classifier for hate speech detection can be applied for hate speech detection to prevent damaging the environment as it shows better score on accuracy and F1 score than Support Vector Machine Classifier.
Renewable energy power generation forecasting using deep learning method
Authors: Widodo D A , Iksan N , Udayanti E D , Djuniadi
Published: March 2021

Smart Micro Grid in household areas aims to meet electricity needs through the integration between state power plant with renewable energy sources so that the electricity used does not depend entirely on state utility. Smart Micro Grid also enables the availability of energy management services supported by Machine Learning (ML) technology, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and smart sensors so that consumer use of electricity is more efficient. To improve energy management services and distribution of renewable energy sources, new innovations in ML technology are needed to produce accurate learning models that can be used in the energy analysis process, such as monitoring, prediction, forecasting, scheduling and decision-making. However, the complexity of the problems in the smart grid system, which includes uncertainty and non-linearity, affects the more complex the energy data structure generated. Therefore, the simple ML method will not be able to perform the Learning process because it is limited to simple raw data processing. Therefore, the Deep Learning (DL) method can be used as a Learning method on data that has a complex and large structure. In this paper, Deep Neural Network (DNN) method will be developed using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as a Learning model to provide Future Accurate Prediction (FAP) on electricity use and on renewable energy plants. Prediction test using Confusion Matrix accuracy value and RMSE error value
Prototype design of waterwheel micro hydro power plants for small water discharge
Authors: Suryatna B S , Agustina T , Sugiarto
Published: March 2021

The findings of this study was the Prototype Model of Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) for small water discharges (less than 10 Liters per Second), namely MHPP waterwheel and the Speed Converters from waterwheel to Dynamos, named “Converters” MHPP. This study was aimed to produce a prototype design of a wind turbine-based MHPP for small water discharge. This study used an engineering-based approach to the design of prototype MHPP. The design of the prototype MHPP for small water discharges (less than 10 liters per second) consists of 6 components, a wheel diameter of 4-5 meters, the turning machine from a pinwheel to a dynamo given the name “converter”, Dynamo, House where the prototype MHPP, Conductor Network of MHPP to homes, and safety tanks and waterways.
The effect of naphthol dyes composition on the results of shibori
Authors: Widowati  , Sholikhah R , Atika  , Sudiyono  , Fidloiyah K
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effect of the naphthol dye composition on the tie-dye results, and 2) to determine the best naphthol dye for tie-dye on primisima fabrics. This research is an experimental study with independent variables, namely the composition of the dye naphthol with a weight variation of 2 grams, 3 grams, and 4 grams AS.BO with a composition of 4 grams of BB salt and 6 grams of salt, and 8 grams of table salt. Dependent variable; the tie-dye results in primisima which are reviewed from the results of the color sharpness test and the sharpness of the motif test. Control variables: binding technique, dyeing technique, tools, and people working. The data collection method used in this research is observation. The data analysis technique used was a single ANOVA. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that: 1) there is an effect of the composition of the dye naphthol, namely 2 grams and 3 grams with a salt composition of 4 grams and 6 grams on the jumputan result on primisima cloth, and 2) the composition of 3 grams/liter naphthol ASBO and 4 grams/liter of BB salt has the sharpest color and motif.
Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of dyes from brown seaweed (Sargassum duplicatum) using response surface methodology
Authors: Handayani P A , Pujianti S , Al’adl A H
Published: March 2021

Batik is an Indonesian heritage that can use natural or synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are quite dangerous for the environment and human health. To reduce the use of synthetic dyes, brown seaweed (Sargassum duplicatum) extraction was conducted as a natural coloring. Brown seaweed is a plant that has the potential to an abundant amount of natural coloring in Indonesia. This research aims to obtain optimum conditions in the process of extracting brown seaweed using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The material used is brown seaweed obtained from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Indonesia, and ethanol as a solvent. The research variables are power 200; 400; 600 watts, 15 extraction time; 30; 45 minutes, and seaweed concentration 0.06; 0.12; 0.18%. To get the optimum conditions in the process of extracting brown seaweed, it uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that there were interactions between variables that affected the yield. Yield tends to increase with increasing power, time, and concentration of seaweed in the solvent. The optimum conditions of the extraction process in this study were at 400 watts power, 30 minutes, and seaweed concentration 0.12% with a yield of 3.87%..
Achievement of green campus indications based on assessment indicators on H-BAT program Universitas Negeri Semarang
Authors: Prihanto T , Fathoni K , Prasetiyo B
Published: March 2021

Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) has a spirit to become a Conservation and International Reputation University is realized through strategic missions. One of the conservation-oriented implementation programs is H-BAT (Green, Clean and Healthy) Program. In its implementation, there is a problem, namely the achievement of H-BAT Program has not been maximized during the last 3 years in assessment. The objectives of this research are: (1) to identify of the potential and character of environmental support in the work units; (2) to determine the achievement of the indication of a green campus based on the assessment indicators on H-BAT Program. This research was carried out in four stages: (1) Data collection; (2) Spatial data processing; (3) Non Spatial data processing; (4) Analysis (ecological, technical standards); The results achieved in June 2020 are as follows: FT got 87,50%, FE got 85,87%, FMIPA got 81,52%, BUHK got79,49%, FIP got 73,91%, LP3 got 69,23%, LP2M got 63,46%, FIS got 60,33%,PPS got 57,07%, FIK got 56,52%, FH got 52,72%, FBS got 49,46%, TIK got 40,38%, BPB got 34,62%, Library got 30,13%, Archive got 17,31%. From these results, it can be seen that there is a lack of maximum achievement due to, among others, the lack of guidance and technical assistance in the management of the unit. So it is necessary to complete governance guidelines and technical assistance that are more intensive in unit governance to achieve the goals of UNNES as a green campus.
Dynamic analysis of on-street-parking impact on road capacity
Authors: Basuki K H , Wahyudi K , Supriyono
Published: March 2021

On-street-parking research has resulted in and conclusions to improve road capacity. The aims of this study to determine the existing condition of road capacity based on-street-park. Dynamic on-street-parking influenced by two indicators, space and time, as well as the scenarios needed if the road capacity does not support. Dynamic analysis was conducted twice, the first one is the study of the traffic volume on-road section with the dynamic parking and queue in each of the three zones in drop-off and pick-up areas. The parking analysis has already used to many studies [1] [2]. Whereas the equations have improved from traffic behaviour approach[3], and dynamic queuing equation model [4] are used for queue analysis [5]. From the results of the analysis, DS values for the road sections before and after the dropoff pick-up area were 0,044, while in the drop-off and pick-up area was 0,155. From the queue analysis, the value of ρ <1 is obtained for all zones. Based on a study location that has 4 lanes in direction, the road configuration scenario is not yet needed, but the road sections before and after the drop-off pick-up area will have a DS value of 0,75 in 2050, while the drop-off pick-up area in 2036. Further research needs to be done by calculating the road’s effective-width due to vehicle parking manoeuvres.
The obstacles of green building implementation in Semarang city
Authors: Nugradi D N A
Published: March 2021

The Semarang City Government has issued a Mayor Regulation on Green Buildings since 2019. Since then the construction of buildings with a certain floor area in Semarang City must follow this regulation. Evaluating implementation constraints related to green building construction based on the experience of the development actors, is an important thing to do. This study aims to identify obstacles in realizing green buildings in the city of Semarang. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire survey of respondents from development actors involved in green buildings such as contractors, consultants and project owners and bureaucratic officials related to green building licensing. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis to reach agreement between respondents. Next, a hierarchy of these constraints will be sought. Constraints found in realizing green buildings are: lack of socialization from the city government, alternative materials, lack of best practices, experts, and financing. For this reason, a strategy is needed to overcome these obstacles from every aspect or based on a combined consideration of all aspects.
Minimize surface runoff from parking lots with permeable pavement systems
Authors: Suripin  , Ulfiana D , Budieny H , Parmantoro PN , Prastiwi D
Published: March 2021

Changes in land use can lead to an increased risk of flooding in an area. One example of flood conditions due to land use change is that occurred in the Diponegoro University Campus area in Tembalang. Most parking lots in this area comprises of conventional paving block system. It is basically a permeable pavement types, but in reality, existing conventional paving block systems cannot infiltrate storm water into the soil. There are two possible causes: first, the type of paving block is not a permeable type of concrete paving block and the second is the open graded base (OGB) and subbase do not have a high permeability, or a combination of both. This condition generates stormwater runoff in this area to be high, and causes on site and/or out side inundation. In this study, permeable paving block system (P2BS) was developed to find the parking lots with zero runoff.
White soil in mortar geopolymer with potassium hydroxide as the activator
Authors: Priastiwi Y A , Hidayat A , Prabawa R A , Leksono LB
Published: March 2021

Reducing CO2 in nature is the reason for the development of alternative technologies such as mortar geopolymers. This will have an impact on reducing the use of Portland cement. Moreover, the potential of local materials is also feasible to be developed especially contains an ingredient that can support environmentally friendly alternative materials. This study aims to determine the mechanical behavior of geopolymer mortars that consist of sand, fly ash type F from Tanjungjati Jepara, white soil from Kupang NTT (as substitution of fly ash), and Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) 8M as an activator. The specimens were cube 5x5x5 cm3 and molds similar to number eight. The mix proportion was 1 binder : 3 sand. Binder is a mixture of fly ash, white soil, and KOH 8M solution with w/b of 0.5. Mortar dried in the oven until 24 hours at 60 °C. Specimens were tested for compressive and tensile strength, density, and porosity within a specified time. The results show that the substitution of white soil in geopolymer mortar can increase of the compressive and tensile strength, increase porosity, and make the weight of volume the mortar become lighter. The substitution of white soil at 10, 20, and 25% shows a trend that has a better result than the others, while the substitution of 5% has not been effected yet.
Study the application of “green building” on the aspect of the shape and facade LP2M UNNES building
Authors: Wicaksono D , Pratiwi I , Nugraha N I
Published: March 2021

In designing a building, the shape and facade have a very important role. Green building is a high-performance building designed to be responsive to the environment, economically sufficient profit, and as a healthy place to live and work (environmentally responsible, economically profitable, and healthy places to live and work). The concept of ‘green’ is not just a current trend, but must be treated as a basic principle when we start designing buildings. The characteristics that emerge from the design of the shape and facade of a building will form the image of the building itself. To find out the explanation of the concept of the shape and facade of a building, in this research qualitative research with content analysis method is used, through a study of the main building with a case study of the building of LP2M UNNES Sekaran Gunungpati Campus by applying descriptive analysis content. From the analysis study, it will be known that the building has undergone a transformation in the form of addition and subtraction. In designing environmentally friendly buildings is actually a process. The goal is not to make a perfect building, but rather to create a better building. One of the advantages gained in applying the Green Building concept is efficiency. In terms of the facade of the LP2M UNNES building, it appears that in the processing of the embodiment of the shape of the building, of course it is also influenced by material elements, color, proportion, rhythm, and texture. From these studies it is expected that the facade elements of the appearance of a building will show the identity and character of the building.
The technology of fish processing to improve nutritional status children under five years old
Authors: Widayani S , Triatma B
Published: March 2021

The general objective of the study is to develop a fish processing of technology to improve total nutritional consumption for children under five years old in the area around the Campus of Semarang University (UNNES). Specific objectives are included: 1) Making prototypes of technology processing freshwater fish based (FWF). 2) To analyse protein and calcium levels, 3) Identifying the level of fish consumption of the children under five years old, 4) To analyse the total nutritional consumption of children under five years old. The study used a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) of children under five years old in the area around the Campus of UNNES. Retrieval of consumption data was done using the Food Consumption Recall (FCR) method and nutritional status with anthropometry. The result of the study is to prototype FWF nuggets n sausage given to the children under five years old in the feeding group model. The protein content of FWF nuggets and sausage are 14.91% and 13.81% as well as calcium are 1.95% and 1.88%. The children under five years old 100% like FWF nuggets and sausage. Consumption of fish and total nutrition consumption in children under five years old is improved (p <0.05). The results of the research can be used to develop FWF-based of nutrition improvement program to support the GEMARIKAN programme.
Simultaneous Investigation of Mechanical and Hygrothermal Properties of Lime Stabilized Earth Bricks
Authors: Zhang Lei , Han Weixiao
Published: March 2021

Lime stabilization has opposite effects on mechanical and hygric property of earth material. In order to determine the optimal lime content for earth material sourced from Turpan, the effects of lime content on both mechanical and hygrothermal properties of lime stabilized earth bricks (LSEB) are investigated simultaneously. The results indicate that there is an obvious correlation existed between the mechanical performance and lime content, and the max value of compressive strength and the minimum of loss of compressive strength after freezing-thawing cycles appear at lime content of 6 wt%. This phenomenon has been explained by effect of lime stabilization on the compactness inside LSEB matrix. When lime content is 6 wt%, thermal conductivity of LSEB is 0.9169 W/(m K) which is considered to be a tiny increase in comparison with LSEB without lime. In addition, all LSEB specimens are capable for regulating the indoor relative humidity.
Multi-Objective Decision Making on Roadway Maintenance Engineering Considering ε-dominance
Authors: Chen Huilin , Wang Jinmei , Cai Wentao
Published: March 2021

As an important part of state-owned assets, roads and other transportation infrastructure are an important foundation for the sustained and healthy development of the national economy. It is extremely important to increase the service life of roadways. Aiming at the highly restricted multi-objective optimization problem of roadway maintenance, this paper considers the three dimensions of construction schedule, cost and quality, and proposes an elitist evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the concept of ϵ-dominance, called ϵ-multi-objective genetic algorithm variable (εv-MOGA) to solve roadway maintenance problems. Experimental results show that the algorithm can help decision makers choose the most suitable solution among a large number of feasible solutions.
Study on the Influence of Tunnel Environmental Noise on Driving Fatigue
Authors: Chen Yan , Yang Yunhan , Li Xin
Published: March 2021

Almost all tunnel traffic accident investigation point out that fatigue driving is one of the important causes of accidents. In the long tunnel driving process, due to the acoustic characteristics of the tunnel, drivers are in a high noise environment for a long time. By recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) of drivers under tunnel noise conditions, the EEG characteristics of driving fatigue are described by using specific EEG power spectrum, moreover, attention level is measured by spectrum of SMR. The correlation model between different noise and driver’s attention and fatigue degree is obtained, and the influence of tunnel noise on driving safety is analysed. The analysis results have great practical significance to improve the driving safety of drivers.
Effects of Different Irrigation Amount on the Growth of Cucumber in Plastic Greenhouses under Non-pressure Artefact Irrigation
Authors: Li J Q , Li Y , Du Q J , Zhang J X , Xiao H J , Wang Jiqing
Published: March 2021

In China, water-saving irrigation is a very important measure to alleviate the water resources shortage. This study investigated the changes of cucumber growth, nutrient element absorption, yield and quality under different irrigation water amount by using non-pressure artefact irrigation technology, and determined the optimal irrigation water volume under non-pressure artefact irrigation. The results showed that the plant dry weight and photosynthetic rate of cucumber under non-pressure artefact irrigation were increased compared with that under traditional irrigation. Non-pressure artefact irrigation promoted the accumulation of N, P and K, Vc content, soluble protein and soluble solid in cucumber plants, especially the irrigation amount of 246 m3 667 m−2. In addition, microporous membrane irrigation could improve cucumber yield and water use efficiency compared with traditional irrigation methods. In conclusion, the optimal irrigation amount of cucumber under non-pressure artefact irrigation was 246 m3 667 m−2.
Application Research on Highway Surface Treatment of Epoxy Asphalt
Authors: Tian Miaomiao , Wu Xiangyan , Li Yafei , Chen Xiangling
Published: March 2021

Epoxy asphalt surface treatment technology is regarded as one of the new type of preventive maintenance technologies. It has remarkable skid resistance function and can effectively improve the service quality and safety level of asphalt pavement. It could extend the maintenance life cycle, and reduce the material and energy consumption compared with the traditional maintenance method. The total thickness of the whole treatment layer is 5mm, which would not affect the road elevation and the potential recycling use of the asphalt pavement in the future. Besides, the construction is conducted at normal temperature, carbon emission could be reduced. Thus it can be considered as a kind of green technology in road maintenance engineering. In this paper, an engineering application of using the epoxy asphalt surface treatment has been introduced.
Enhanced Efficiency for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Metal Oxide Modified SnO2 Photoanodes
Authors: Fan Hao , Zou Shibing , Yang Hao , Duan Junhong , Liu Weiqing , Wu Huaming
Published: March 2021

In this work, mesoporous SnO2 photoanode was modified using a hydrolysis method with AlCl3, MgCl2, ZrOCl2 aqueous solutions, respectively. Four kinds of DSCs with SnO2, SnO2/Al2O3, SnO2/MgO, SnO2/ZrO2 as photoanode were fabricated, respectively. The photovoltaic performance of DSCs modified by AlCl3 and MgCl2 aqueous solutions was improved observably, especially in V
oc, while the ZrOCl2 treatments give a negligible influence. Furthermore, the cells are evaluated once at the interval of three days within 30 days after fabrication. The V
oc of four kings of cell is gradually improved, while J
sc is hardly changed during testing. The PCE of SnO2, SnO2/Al2O3, SnO2/MgO, SnO2/ZrO2 DSCs increases form 1.55, 1.87, 1.77, 1.63% at beginning to 4.03, 4.92, 5.04, 4.48% at stable, respectively. For modified photoanodes, chemical capacitance C
μ decreases and transfer resistance R
ct increases by EIS measurements, which confirm further facilitate charge extraction and suppress charge recombination.
Self-lubricating Property of Cu2S Composite Films on Ni60+60%WC Cermet
Authors: Zhao Jianbo , Zong Ailing , Chen Dapeng , Han Bin
Published: March 2021

A novel composite sulfides film was fabricated on the surface of Ni60+60%WC cermet by Low Temperature Ion Sulfurizing. The microstructure and the self-lubricating performance of the composite coating under dry sliding condition were investigated. The results show that the films are composed of Cu2S, FeS, NiS and FeS2, which showed outstanding self-lubricating performance under dry sliding condition by reducing the friction coefficient, the wear depth, and weight loss of the cermet significantly.
Effects of Various Phosphates on Biosurfactant Fermentation by Ochrobactrum Intermedium XY-1
Authors: Sun Yumei , Zhang Zimeng , Liu Ling , Xu Xiang , Li Xianzhen
Published: March 2021

Phosphates are important components in the fermentation medium for biosurfactant production. In the present study, Ochrobactrum intermedium strain XY-1 was used as the experimental strain, the effects of various phosphates used in the biosurfactants fermentation media was preliminarily investigated on cell growth, and surface tension, and emulsifying activity of fermentation broth. Under the same total phosphorus concentration of 0.035 mol/L, KH2PO4 + Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, and Na2HPO4 was respectively used as the phosphorus source of biosurfactant fermentation at 30 °C and 160 rpm. The results showed that the bacteria grew slowly and the maximum emulsifying activity of fermentation broth reached 52.95% in the fermentation with KH2PO4 + Na2HPO4 as phosphorus source, and larger bacterial growth and 35.9% maximum emulsifying activity exhibited in the fermentation with KH2PO4, smaller bacterial growth and 24.54% maximum emulsifying activity exhibited in the fermentation with Na2HPO4. The phosphate mixture of KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 benefits the biosurfactant fermentation by limiting the growth of Ochrobactrum intermedium strain XY-1, which might be the earliest report on the phosphorous source of biosurfactant fermentation by Ochrobactrum intermedium.
Application of GIS for water quality monitoring in the aquaculture impacted Rawang sub-basin of the Selangor river, Malaysia
Authors: Hettige N D , Rohasliney H , Ashaari Z H B , Kutty A B A , Jamil N R B
Published: March 2021

Freshwater aquaculture is a prominent activity in Rawang sub-basin of the Selangor River. Despite the importance good water quality in daily life, there is limited study on the impact of aquaculture activities on water quality. This paper discusses water quality parameter status (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammoniacal nitrogen, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)) based on Water Quality Index (WQI) in the aquaculture-impacted Rawang sub-basin of Selangor River and develops the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) maps showing water quality status by using GIS (ArcGIS 10.2.1 software) in order to identify the potential aquaculture impacted sites. Seven river sampling sites were selected including Guntong (SR1), Guntong’s tributaries (SR2/control), Kuang (SR3 and SR7), Gong (SR4), Buaya (SR5), and Serendah (SR6) using random sampling techniques based on accessibility and proximity to aquaculture farms. Seven water quality parameters were recorded and analysed on a bi-monthly basis. Results revealed that Guntong, Kuang, Buaya and Serendah rivers had moderate water quality, whereas Gong River was significantly polluted. The control river recorded clean water quality status. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences in all measured water quality parameters among sampling sites (P<0.05).
Community structure of macrozoobenthos as a secondary productivity study in mangrove non-rehabilitation and rehabilitation, Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Dewiyanti I , Rifandi M A , Nurfadillah N , Zainuddin
Published: March 2021

Ecologically, mangroves play an important role because they have high primary and secondary productivity so they can support the existence of flora and fauna that live in mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove as a feeding ground is appropriate habitat for macrofauna associated in mangrove such as macrozoobenthos. The objectives of the present study were to assess the community structure included species abundance, biological indices, and the distribution pattern of macrozoobenthos species as a study of secondary productivity in mangrove non-rehabilitation and rehabilitation. The different characteristics of mangrove ecosystems cause the differences not only species richness but also the abundance of macrozoobenthos. The research started from May to September 2018. The determination of research stations was carried out by a purposive sampling method and there were 6 observation stations with 3 replications. Sampling was conducted in 1 x 1 m2 of square transects. The results of the study found 15 species of macrozoobenthos and the commonly number of species and species abundance found was higher in diurnal than nocturnal time. The highest abundance was Faunus ater (64.7 individuals/m2), and they were found mostly at station 4 (mangrove rehabilitation) which was 32.7 individuals/m2 (nocturnal) and 18.7 individuals/m2 (diurnal). On average, the diversity index (H’) was moderate both in diurnal and nocturnal time. The evenness index value implied that the total number of individuals in the species was almost the same and there was probably no domination of certain species at field study. The species distribution pattern was random. In conclusion, the community structure of macrozoobenthos in the present study was in moderate condition.
Rapid determination of inner quality parameters of intact mango fruits using portable near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Munawar A A , Hayati R , Fachruddin F
Published: March 2021

Quality inspections in agricultural product industries is a critical step to ensure high standard of the products. The main purpose of this present study is to apply the near infrared spectroscopy as a rapid and simultaneous method in determining inner quality parameters of intact mango fruits as vitamin C and total acidity. Absorbance spectra data of mango samples were acquired using a portable sensing device NIRS in wavelength region of 1000-2500 nm and resolution windows 0.02 nm. On the other hand, actual vitamin C and total acidity contents of mango fruit were measured by means of standard laboratory procedures. Prediction model were built using raw and enhanced spectra data with partial least square regression approach. The results showed that both quality parameters can be determined simultaneously with maximum correlation of 0.92 for vitamin C and 0.94 for total acidity. It may conclude that near infrared spectroscopy can be employed for a rapid and environmental friendly approach in mango quality inspections.
Antibacterial activity of Magnolia alba flower extracts on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Khairan K , Septiya S , Murniana
Published: March 2021

The white champaca (Magnolia alba) plant has been reported possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic Magnolia alba flower extracts on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we also determined the secondary metabolites of the extracts by the phytochemical screening assay. The antibacterial activity of the Magnolia alba flower extracts was determined by the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. The phytochemical screening assay showed that n-hexane extract contained of flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroid, while the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts contains of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroid. The antibacterial activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic Magnolia alba flower extracts was determined at four different concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 50%. Results indicated that n-hexane extract had no activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts had antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The diameter zones of inhibition exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus ranged between 10.45 - 21.03 mm and 10.26 - 26.13 mm respectively. Meanwhile, the diameter zones of inhibition exhibited by the methanolic extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis ranged between 11.96 - 18.01 mm and against Staphylococcus aureus ranged between 7.23 - 13.9 mm. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate Magnolia alba flower extracts gave higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Community-based intervention in reducing flood impacts in Gambia
Authors: Jonga A , Meilianda E , Nizamuddin
Published: March 2021

Flood has caused significant damage to the agricultural sector, which results in low productivity and causes famine in Kaba-kama community of Basse in the Upper river region of the Gambia. This study analyses the potential role of the community’s mitigation efforts to reduce the flood impact in the Gambia. The objective is to determine the influence of community-based intervention activities in reducing the flood impact at the community level. The primary data are obtained in this study from own previous experience by participating in the community work (“Te-setto”) to mitigate the impact of flood, and interviews in a form of questionnaires to the members of the VDC in Kaba-kama community. Literature reviews from journals, books, and the final report about the disaster in 2018 by NDMA has served as a secondary source of data for the study. Notifiable, the community-based organization (Village Development Committee -VDC), is the key pioneer of the initiative. This study exemplifies the successful collective efforts by the communities and government in different regions and the country at large in practicing flood adaptive and mitigation strategies, which has potential to be implemented elsewhere in other famine-prone countries in the world.
Strategy involving stakeholders and government to contribute and to implement the ILEDSA
Authors: Subhan  , Umam A H , Muslih A M , Rasyid U H A , Farida A , Anhar A
Published: March 2021

A low emission development strategy (LEDS) is designed to develop action programs and policies to place a country on a development pathway that is resilient to climate change while working towards measurable long-term reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Aceh’s efforts to protect forests have shown a steady rate of reduction in deforestation from 2013-2017. However, the threat still exists, so that an integrated strategy with other sectors is needed to ensure that the goals of tackling climate change and reducing deforestation can be achieved. The data sources for this study are primary and secondary in nature and were carried out by following the basic structure of the ‘SWOT’ analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). Some of the strategies produced in this study to involve stakeholders and government are: 1) District, Provincial and National level governments implement policies and regulations that are synergistic between institutions; 2) Traders, Exporters / Cooperatives and Collectors monitor the performance of certified coffee and overcome market failures; 3) The Gayo Coffee Protection Society (MPKG), Universities and Research Institutions apply Geographical Indications in every export product and support research funds; and 4) Coffee farmers / planters undertake technological interventions, develop market-based strategies, and develop risk management schemes.
Explicit structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell algorithm in curvilinear orthogonal coordinate systems and its applications to whole-device 6D kinetic simulations of tokamak physics
Authors: XIAO Jianyuan , QIN Hong
Published: March 2021

Explicit structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm in curvilinear orthogonal coordinate systems is developed. The work reported represents a further development of the structure-preserving geometric PIC algorithm achieving the goal of practical applications in magnetic fusion research. The algorithm is constructed by discretizing the field theory for the system of charged particles and electromagnetic field using Whitney forms, discrete exterior calculus, and explicit non-canonical symplectic integration. In addition to the truncated infinitely dimensional symplectic structure, the algorithm preserves exactly many important physical symmetries and conservation laws, such as local energy conservation, gauge symmetry and the corresponding local charge conservation. As a result, the algorithm possesses the long-term accuracy and fidelity required for first-principles-based simulations of the multiscale tokamak physics. The algorithm has been implemented in the SymPIC code, which is designed for high-efficiency massively-parallel PIC simulations in modern clusters. The code has been applied to carry out whole-device 6D kinetic simulation studies of tokamak physics. A self-consistent kinetic steady state for fusion plasma in the tokamak geometry is numerically found with a predominately diagonal and anisotropic pressure tensor. The state also admits a steady-state sub-sonic ion flow in the range of 10 km s−1, agreeing with experimental observations and analytical calculations Kinetic ballooning instability in the self-consistent kinetic steady state is simulated. It is shown that high-n ballooning modes have larger growth rates than low-n global modes, and in the nonlinear phase the modes saturate approximately in 5 ion transit times at the 2% level by the E × B flow generated by the instability. These results are consistent with early and recent electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations.
Pathogenic Mutations and Atypical Flow Cytometric Findings Characterize the Majority of Unclassifiable Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Li Yanchun , Beck Rose C , Moore Erika M
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are a group of rare and heterogeneous hematopoietic disorders that frequently present a diagnostic challenge. Here we present our institutional experience with next-generation sequencing (NGS), together with morphologic, flow cytometric, and cytogenetic evaluation, in the diagnosis of MDS/MPN, with particular emphasis on MDS/MPN unclassifiable (MPN-U).

Methods

We evaluated the morphologic, flow cytometric, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics of all MDS/MPN cases that underwent NGS at our institution between April 2016 and February 2019.

Results

Thirty-seven cases of MDS/MPN were identified, including 14 cases of MDS/MPN-U. Ninety-seven percent harbored mutations and immunophenotypic aberrancies (36/37), while only 38% had cytogenetic abnormalities (12/32). The MDS/MPN-U group had the highest rate of myeloblast phenotypic abnormalities and had a high mutation rate of approximately 2.7 mutated genes per case, most commonly in JAK2, SRSF2, and ASXL1.

Conclusions

No single ancillary study was abnormal in every case, but all cases had at least one abnormal finding, demonstrating the usefulness of a multiparameter approach to the diagnosis of MDS/MPN. Although a few specific mutations were found exclusively in MDS/MPN-U and JAK2 mutations were most prevalent, larger studies are needed to determine whether MDS/MPN-U has a mutational “fingerprint,” which may aid in diagnosis and targeted therapy.