bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kholikov A.Yu. , Urmanova Yu.M.
Published: October 2021

Background. The main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are diabetes mellitus, anemia, microalbuminuria, proteinuria, azotemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, and non-traditional factors are metabolic and hemodynamic disorders. The combined effect of diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency increases the risk of CVD and confirms the worse survival prognosis of these patients compared to the general population. The study was aimed to study changes in the parameters of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving programmed hemodialysis. Materials and methods. During the period from January 1, 2019 to June 1, 2021, 117 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic renal failure stage V on programmed hemodialysis were examined and observed. Of these, there were 58 women and 59 men. The average age of men was 67.0 ± 4.2 years, women— 64.0 ± 5.6 years. Twenty patients of the matched age formed the control group. The number of hemodialysis sessions in patients ranged from 2 to 162. All patients underwent examinations that included general clinical, biochemical, hormonal blood tests, Dopplerography of the main arteries of the head. Results. With the increasing degree of cerebral ischemia, the linear velocity of blood flow (LBFV) decreased in all the main arteries of the head: the common carotid artery, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral artery on both sides (p < 0.05). At the same time, the differences in the LBFV from healthy individuals were significant. The stenosis of the lumen of the main vessels of the head occurred mostly in patients of the third group with stage V diabetic nephropathy and grade III chronic cerebral ischemia, while they most often had multiple vascular stenosis. Conclusions. Dopplerography of the main arteries of the head is an informative method for determining the prognosis of cerebral ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Linear blood flow velocity was reduced in all groups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.
Neurotropic effects of respiratory viral infections: mental and neuropsychological aspects
Authors: Shuprovich A.A.
Published: October 2021

The review is devoted to the problem of neurological complications that result from respiratory viral infections due to viral invasion to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Psychoneurological consequences after the disease of COVID-19 are considered separately. Viral pathogens can enter the central nervous system (CNS) in various ways, including through hematogenous infection of the endothelium (the “Trojan horse” mechanism) as well as through peripheral nerves or olfactory sensory neurons. The latter route is mostly used by respiratory viruses, such as coronaviruses (CoV), which enter the body intranasally because the olfactory nerve connects the nasal epithelium with the olfactory bulb — the way to the CNS. CoV in the human brain can cause long-term effects associated with the development or exacerbation of chronic neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Coronavirus COVID-19, which causes coronavirus disease, can provoke long-term outcomes after recovery, such as psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment, which are detected by cognitive screening. In the post-COVID period, patients demonstrated poor cognitive performance in the areas of attention, performance, and memory as well as increased levels of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. These effects should be considered as possible post-viral disorders that require special diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Significant heterogeneity of applied approaches and methods hinders the comprehensive characterization of cognitive functions in specific areas since the studies often excluded people with previous cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, most studies indicate some degree of cognitive impairment in patients with COVID-19. Although the rates vary, a significant proportion of survivors show poor cognitive performance in the areas of attention, performance, and memory. These results have several important implications for further research, clinical management, and treatment of those who have experienced COVID-19.
Erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes (literature review). Part 2
Authors: Luchytskiy Е.V. , Luchytskiy V.E.
Published: October 2021

The second part of review article highlights modern views on the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with diabetes mellitus (DM). Google Scholar and PubMed databases were used to search for literature sources. The role of comorbid diseases in the development of ED in men with diabetes mellitus has been shown. The generalized data on the main clinical manifestations of erectile dysfunction, methods of its diagnosis and treatment are given. A number of epidemiological studies over the past 20 years have found that erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes may be an early marker of cardiovascular complications. Thus, in the algorithm for the diagnosis of ED in patients with diabetes it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of the cardiovascular system. The article describes modern therapeutic and surgical methods of ED treatment. Numerous literature sources indicate an important role of the correction of androgen deficiency in men with type 2 diabetes to enhance the effectiveness of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. The literature review shows the data on the emergence of new PDE5 inhibitors, which have a higher selectivity compared to existing ones that provides a better therapeutic effect and reduces the frequency and severity of side effects. The modern algorithm for the treatment of ED in men involves the sequential stages of using different treatments. The last link of therapy, in case of inefficiency of the previous ones, is penile prosthesis. Implantation of three-piece penile prosthesis is an effective method of ED treatment. The use of this method in patients with severe forms of ED on the background of diabetes, in case of ineffectiveness of PDE5 inhibitors and intracavernous injections of vasoactive drugs, is considered promising.
Macroscopic assessment of protective effect of cryopreserved placenta extract in ibuprofen-induced gastroenterocolonopathy
Authors: Hladkykh F.V.
Published: October 2021

Background. Over-the-counter use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs leads to their uncontrolled consumption among the population, which in some cases makes it impossible to prevent and timely detect adverse drug effects, and their effectiveness does not always satisfy clinicians. The purpose was to characterize the cytoprotective properties of cryopreserved placenta extract according to the condition of the mucous membrane of the proximal (esophagus and stomach) and distal (small and large intestine) parts of the gastrointestinal tract on the model of ibuprofen-induced esophagogastroenterocolonopathy. Materials and methods. In vivo experimental studies were performed on 28 male rats. Subchronic ibuprofen-induced gastrointestinal lesions were reproduced by intragastric administration of ibuprofen to rats at a dose of 310 mg/kg. The condition of the gastrointestinal tract mucous membrane was assessed macroscopically on a scale. Results. The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of esomeprazole statistically significantly (р < 0.05) took place in the proximal parts of the gastrointestinal tract but had little effect on the prevalence of ulcerative lesions in the intestine. At the same time, unlike esomeprazole, which is known to have only gastroprotective activity, cryopreserved placenta extract had a cytoprotective effect both in the stomach and in the distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract — small and large intestine. Thus, the prevalence of ibuprofen-induced both entero- and colonopathy on the background of the study of the extract was almost twice lower than in rats that did not receive correction drugs. Conclusions. It is established that the use of cryopreserved placenta extract in the treatment-and-prophylactic mode has comparable to esomeprazole gastroprotective activity. In addition, it was found that the use of the studied cryoextract was accompanied by a decrease in the multiplicity of ulcerative defects in the small and large intestine of rats, by 4.6 and 3.8 times, respectively, compared to the control animals.
Askochensky brothers: Arystarkh — a doctor, Victor — a publicist
Authors: Chaban M.P. , Shevtsova Z.I. , Gaponov V.V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the life path and professional activity of Askochensky brothers from the clergy family. The elder brother Victor (1813–1879) chose for himself the mission of improving and developing the spiritual sphere of a person. The younger brother Arystarkh (1817–1896) received medical education. He worked as a zemstvo doctor in the Yekaterynoslav region (modern Dnipro-petrovsk region). He became a doctor of medicine, a military doctor. The Askochensky brothers made a significant contribution to the development of medical science and practice, to the journalistic and cultural-educational spheres.
Presentación
Authors: Mancilla Díaz Juan Manuel
Published: October 2021

Actualmente en Hispanoamérica contrastan los escasos antecedentes sobre revistas especializadas con proyección internacional, contra el creciente interés y número de profesionales interesados en el área del comportamiento alimentario. Motivados por esto y en consecuencia con la necesidad planteada en el seminario “Pensar en español” convocado por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, en relación a fortalecer la presencia de la lengua española en un contexto competitivo de más de 450 millones de hispanohablantes y revitalizar el español por medio de revistas científica; es que se crea la Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders. En este contexto y dado el importante fondo editorial que posee la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, la Revista tiene como objetivo ser una de las publicaciones periódicas más importante en Hispanoamérica; así como convertirse en la publicación periódica con mayor difusión entre el público hispanoparlante que reside en E.U.A. y Canadá. La Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders publicará trabajos de investigación básica y aplicada de carácter teórico y experimental que contribuyan al avance en cualquier ámbito de los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario. Se publicarán Artículos originales (investigaciones), Artículos de revisión y Casos clínicos. El proceso de dictamen de los artículos es doble ciego. De esta manera la Revista, en colaboración con la Asociación Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios se suma a las actividades Editoriales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, para impulsar publicaciones de calidad que retroalimenten las tareas de investigación, de docencia y de aprendizaje, en esta área de conocimiento. Por las consideraciones antes expresadas, me es grato hacer la presentación inaugural de la Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders y agradecer las contribuciones de todos los autores, que con sólo el interés de apostar al desarrollo de nuevos proyectos académicos, lo han hecho posible.     Juan Manuel Mancilla Díaz
Toward a cultural adaptation of eating disorders treatment for Latinos in United States / Hacia una adaptación cultural del tratamiento de trastornos alimentarios para latinos residentes en Estados Unidos
Authors: Reyes-Rodríguez Mae Lynn , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Eating disorders affect all ethnic and socioeconomic groups. However, currently available assessment instruments, which were developed and validated for exclusively Caucasian populations. With the purpose to develop a culturally sensitive framework for the eating disorders treatment in Latinos/as, the objectives of this work were: 1) identify and describe some of the relevant cultural elements for eating disorders in the Latino population and, 2) to draft a culturally sensitive intervention model for eating disorders in Latino population in the United States. Providing culturally sensitive treatments for Latinos with psychiatric disorders is essential to reverse public health disparities.Key words: Cultural adaptation, Latinos, treatment, eating disorders Resumen. Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) ocurren en todos los grupos étnicos y niveles socioeconómicos. Sin embargo, los tratamientos basados en la evidencia para los TCA han sido desarrollados mayormente para la población caucásica. Con el propósito de desarrollar un modelo de intervención culturalmente sensible, los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) identificar y describir algunos de los elementos culturales pertinentes al tratamiento de los TCA en la población latina y, 2) esbozar un modelo de intervención para los TCA que sea culturalmente  sensible a la población latina de  los Estados Unidos. El desarrollo de intervenciones culturalmente sensibles es un componente importante para reducir la disparidad en los servicios de salud brindados a la población latina residente en los Estados Unidos. Palabras claves: Adaptación cultural, latinos, tratamiento, trastornos alimentarios
Eating disorders in Spain: Revision of empirical epidemiological studies / Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en España: Revisión de estudios epidemiológicos
Authors: Peláez Fernández María Angeles , Raich Escursell Rosa María , Labrador Encinas Francisco Javier
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Objective: This article reviews the epidemiological studies of eating disorders (ED) among Spanish population published to date. Method: PSYCINFO and MEDLINE databases have been used to look for empirical Spanish epidemiological studies of ED published. Results: Most of the studies in the 90’s have not used a diagnostic method for the clinical identification. In the last decade, trustworthy and precise ED prevalence studies, with methodology of double phase, have been carried out on general population in Spain. The most common disorders among Spanish general population are the non-specified eating disorders (EDNOS).Key words: Eating disorders, epidemiology, prevalence, Spain, review.Resumen. Objetivo: En este artículo se recopilan y revisan los estudios epidemiológicos sobre trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) realizados en España hasta la fecha. Método: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica mediante las bases de datos PSYCINFO y MEDLINE de estudios empíricos publicados sobre epidemiología de TCA en España. Resultados: La mayoría de los trabajos realizados en la década de los 90 adolecen de un adecuado instrumento de diagnóstico para la identificación de los casos. En la última década, se han realizado en España estudios fiables y precisos de prevalencia de TCA sobre población general con metodología de doble fase. Los cuadros clínicos más comunes en población general española son los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria no especificados (TCANE). Palabras clave: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, anorexia, bulimia, epidemiología, prevalencia, España, revisión.
Rating and frequency of healthy and non-healthy food consumption: A preliminary study / Valoración y frecuencia de consumo del alimento saludable y no-saludable: Un estudio preliminar
Authors: Díaz Reséndiz Felipe De Jesús , Franco-Paredes Karina , López-Espinoza Antonio , Guzmán-Hernández Luz Yaneth , Jiménez-Miramontes Norma Angélica , Camacho-Covarrubias María De Jesús
Published: October 2021

Abstract Nowadays there is not any instrument to measure reliably how healthy and non-healthy food is judged in Mexico. In this study it was used the first version of the scale Consumption and Estimation of Food (ECA for its Spanish acronym) designed to explore the rating and frequency of healthy and non-healthy food consumption. In the present study participated students from two public schools of Mexico State who judged 143 items rated on a Likert-type scale with five options each one. Reliability index for each section of the scale showed adequate statistical properties. Correlations total-item were analyzed and 75 items with correlations were considered to asses again the internal consistency of the scale. This analysis confirmed the internal consistency of the scale. Mean score for estimation was higher in men than female and mean for frequency of consumption was higher in female than male. For women the correlation between estimation and frequency was positive and significant. All the findings are comparable with previous research and suggest that it is necessary to improve the current version of the scale. The new version should be applied to new and wide samples. Key words: Judgment, frequency, food, correlation, reliability.       Resumen Actualmente no existe en nuestro país un instrumento que mida confiablemente lo que se piensa sobre algunos alimentos. En el presente estudio se aplicó la primera versión del cuestionario Estimación y Consumo de Alimento (ECA) diseñado para medir la valoración hacia alimento saludable y no-saludable así como la frecuencia con la que se consumen dichos alimentos. Participantes de dos universidades públicas del Estado de México juzgaron un total de 143 reactivos con cinco opciones de respuesta cada uno. La confiabilidad del instrumento para cada sección, valoración y frecuencia de consumo, fue adecuada. Se analizaron las correlaciones reactivo-total y se volvió a calcular la confiabilidad considerando sólo los 75 reactivos con correlaciones ≥ .30. El análisis con los 75 reactivos confirmó la consistencia interna del instrumento. La puntuación media para valoración del alimento fue mayor en los hombres mientras que la media en frecuencia de consumo fue mayor en las mujeres. Sólo en las mujeres se observó una correlación significativa entre la valoración y la frecuencia de consumo. Los hallazgos son comparables con evidencia previa y sugieren contar con una versión mejorada del instrumento que se aplique a otros tipos de muestra. Palabras clave: Valoración, frecuencia, alimento, correlación, confiabilidad.
Anorexia nervosa: Psychoanalytic reflections on female sexuality and the father figure in a clinical evaluation / Anorexia nerviosa: Reflexiones psicoanalíticas sobre la sexualidad femenina y la figura del padre en una evaluación clínica
Authors: Díaz Castrillón Fernanda , Cruzat Mandich Claudia
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Eating disorders are serious alterations of behavior that constitute an increasingly common problem requiring further research. Psychoanalytical studies of this condition largely develop their explanations around theorizations of the centrality of the mother in the constitution of the subject, while studies that focus on the function of the father generally start from the Oedipal period. This paper seeks to reflect on the place of the father in the subjective constitution of the young female, especially during the pre–Oedipal period. It focuses on the relation that may exist between the absence of the father and the beginning of anorexia nervosa, indicating essential elements through the description of a case. The paper argues that the sexualizing gaze of the father would encourage the integration of the girl’s fragmented experiences in the earliest developmental stages, allowing her to organize her subjectivity around her own body and bodily image as female. Key words: Anorexia nervosa, father, pre–Oedipal period, female sexuality  Resumen. Los trastornos alimentarios son alteraciones graves de la conducta y representan una problemática que va en aumento y que requiere de más estudios. La mayor parte de la investigación en la línea psicoanalítica basa sus explicaciones en la idea de la importancia de la madre, y en su mayoría las investigaciones que existen en torno al padre, le dan un lugar  a partir del período edípico. En este artículo se busca reflexionar sobre el lugar del padre en la constitución subjetiva de la niña-mujer, especialmente durante el período pre-edípico, y específicamente sobre la relación que puede existir entre su ausencia y la génesis del trastorno anoréxico, ejemplificando elementos esenciales por medio de la descripción de un caso. El artículo discute el rol de la mirada sexualizante del padre, proponiendo que ésta favorecería la integración de las vivencias fragmentadas de la niña en el primer tiempo del desarrollo y permitiría organizar su subjetividad  en relación a su cuerpo e imagen corporal como niña-mujer. Palabras Clave: Anorexia nerviosa, padre, período pre-edípico, sexualidad femenina
"The case of Ellen West": Medical ethics on the threshold of anorexia nervosa / "El caso Ellen West": La ética médica en los albores de la anorexia nerviosa
Authors: Figueroa Gustavo
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The case of Ellen West was published before anorexia nervosa was conceived as a clinical entity and previous to the birth of bioethics. This study seeks to understand the moral issues that Binswanger followed according to traditional medical ethics. Three dimensions are outstanding: formation of a firm pact based on trust, prudent judgments and virtues as personal excellences, which shaped the psychotherapeutic dialogue. In addition, he respected the professional secrecy, communication of alternative therapies and a dialogue based on saying and uncovering the truth. The final suicide was foreseen but he respected it as a choice of a project of existence although failed. Key words: anorexia nervosa, Ellen West, bioethics, suicide, existence.   Resumen. El caso Ellen West se publicó antes que se describiera la anorexia nerviosa como entidad nosológica y previo al nacimiento de la bioética. El presente estudio busca comprender las conductas morales que Binswanger adoptó de acuerdo a la ética médica tradicional. Tres dimensiones resaltan: formación de un pacto firme basado en la confianza, juicios prudentes y las virtudes entendidas como excelencias personales determinantes del diálogo psicoterapéutico. Además, él respetó el secreto profesional, la comunicación de terapias alternativas y construyó un diálogo fundamentado en decir y descubrir la verdad. El suicidio final fue previsto por él, y lo acató como la elección de un proyecto de existencia aunque fracasado. Palabras clave: anorexia nerviosa, Ellen West, bioética, suicidio, existencia.
Did anorexia nervosa exist in the fourteenth century? The case of Saint Catherine of Siena / ¿Anorexia nerviosa en el siglo XIV? El caso de Santa Catalina de Siena
Authors: Baile Ayensa José I. , González Calderón María J.
Published: October 2021

Abstract This paper presents the analysis of a possible case of anorexia nervosa in the fourteenth century, the Saint Catherine of Siena’s one. Firstly, we briefly review her biography, including some original texts in which her anorexic behaviours are supposedly evident. Subsequently, we try to outline her psychological profile. Secon- dly, the current available documentary sources regarding this case are critically discussed because they may have been biased as they date back to 600 years ago and some of them were written to exalt the figure of this saint. Finally, we examine whether the case of Saint Catherine could have been an anorexia nervosa case or not, or whether she might have suffered from another psychological disorder that included some eating behaviour problems. We conclude that this should not be considered a true case of anorexia nervosa, but an unspecified eating disorder instead. We also recognize the value of the historical studies which help us better understand eating disorders. Key words: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, history, review, eating disorders. Resumen En el presente artículo se presenta un análisis sobre un posible caso de anorexia nerviosa en el siglo XIV, el de Santa Catalina de Siena. Primero se realiza un breve repaso por su biografía, incluyendo algunos textos originales donde se manifiestan conductas supuestamente anoréxicas para, posteriormente, realizar un esbozo de su perfil psicológico. En segundo lugar se comentan críticamente las fuentes documentales disponibles en la actualidad respecto a dicho caso, dado que se intuye que pueden estar sesgadas, pues datan de hace 600 años y algunos de ellos se escribieron para ensalzar la figura de la santa. En el último apartado se valora si realmente el de Santa Catalina pudiera ser un caso de anorexia nerviosa u otro tipo de patología psicológica, que tuviera como síntomas algunas alteraciones en el campo del comportamiento alimentario. Se concluye considerando que quizá no se tratara de un verdadero caso de anorexia nerviosa, pero sí de algún tipo de trastorno del comportamiento alimentario no especificado, y reconociendo el valor que poseen los estudios históricos para entender mejor los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario actual. Palabras clave: Anorexia nerviosa, bulimia, historia, revisión, trastornos del comportamiento alimentario.
Personality in patients with eating disorders depending on the presence/absence of comorbidity with borderline personality disorder / Personalidad en pacientes con trastorno alimentario en función de la presencia/ausencia de comorbilidad con trastorno límite de la personalidad
Authors: Molina-Ruiz Rosa M , Alberdi-Páramo Íñigo , De Castro Oller María , Gutiérrez Fernández Noelia , Carrasco Perera José Luis , Díaz-Marsá Marina
Published: October 2021

Abstract  Studies on comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and personality disorders yield rates of 20-80%, a condition that makes difficult the diagnosis and complicates prognosis, especially regarding their comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of this study was to assess whether pathological personality alterations make it possible to distinguish not only between different types of ED, but also in terms of their comorbidity with BPD. Participants included 29 patients with ED, 10 with comorbid ED with BPD (EDc), 27 with BPD and 22 healthy controls, who completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), and two other measures, one on impulsivity and other aimed at assess symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). The ED group was characterized by greater compulsivity, mainly in the subgroup with anorexia nervosa vs. BPD and EDc groups; however, these last two groups shared many features that show emotional instability, although less that the subgroup with BN. These findings support a continuum of severity in terms of compulsivity-impulsivity, with important etiopathogenic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications.Resumen   Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y los trastornos de la personalidad reportan tasas del 20-80%, condición que dificulta el diagnóstico y ensombrece el pronóstico, especialmente respecto a su comorbilidad con el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si las alteraciones patológicas de la personalidad permiten distinguir no solo entre distintos tipos de TCA, sino además en función de su comorbilidad con el TLP. Participaron 29 pacientes con TCA, 10 con TCA comórbido con TLP [TCAc], 27 con TLP y 22 controles sanas, quienes completaron el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y otras dos medidas, una sobre impulsividad y otra dirigida a evaluar síntomas de bulimia nerviosa (BN). El grupo TCA se caracterizó por mayor compulsividad, principalmente en el caso del subgrupo con anorexia nerviosa vs. los grupos TLP y TCAc; no obstante, estos dos últimos compartieron un amplio número de rasgos indicativos de inestabilidad emocional, y también –aunque en menor medida− con el subgrupo con BN. Los hallazgos apoyan un continuum de gravedad en función de la compulsividad-impulsividad, con importantes implicaciones etiopatogénicas, diagnósticas y psicoterapéuticas.
Body overweight discrimination: Contexts and situations / Discriminación por exceso de peso corporal: Contextos y situaciones
Authors: Bautista-Díaz María Leticia , Márquez Hernández Ana Karen , Ortega-Andrade Norma Angélica , García-Cruz Rubén , Alvarez-Rayón Georgina
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe obesity consequences are not only physical but also psychosocial, with respect the psychosocial, body discrimination is clinically relevant, since in Mexico 70% of the population could be sufferer of it. Therefore, the objective of this documentary research was to make a count of the contexts and/or situations of discrimination for overweight. Based on the analysis of the literature consulted, it was found that the family, the school environment, the hospital settings and the workplaces, contexts in which understanding and social support are expected, are contexts where body overweight discrimination is promoted and accepted every day. It is concluded that, is necessary to stablish the mandatory practice of psychoeducational interventions with regard to the effect of discrimination in these contexts to sensitize the population and starting their eradication, since this psychosocial phenomenon can affect the mental health of overweight people; and at the same time, can be a maintainer of the body condition and becoming a vicious cycle.ResumenLas consecuencias del sobrepeso o de la obesidad no son solo físicas sino también psicosociales; entre estas últimas, la discriminación debida al exceso de peso corporal es de relevancia clínica, y en México más del 70% de la población podría ser víctima de ésta. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo, de naturaleza documental, fue hacer un recuento de los contextos y/o situaciones que propician la discriminación hacia las personas con exceso de peso. Con base al análisis de las investigaciones consultadas, se encontró que la familia, el ambiente escolar, el hospitalario y el laboral, contextos en los que se esperaría la comprensión y el apoyo social, son escenarios donde se promueve y se acepta de manera cotidiana la discriminación por la condición corporal. Se concluye que es importante establecer como práctica obligatoria intervenciones psicoeducativas respecto al efecto de la discriminación debida al exceso de peso en estos contextos para sensibilizar a la población e iniciar su erradicación, ya que este fenómeno psicosocial puede no solo afectar la salud mental de las personas con exceso de peso, sino también constituir un factor mantenedor de dicha condición corporal.
Psychometric properties of a brief Spanish version of Stigmatizing Situations Inventory / Propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve en español del Inventario de Situaciones Estigmatizantes
Authors: Ortiz Manuel S. , Gómez-Pérez Daniela
Published: October 2021

Abstract Overweight and obese people are a frequent target of weight stigma. However, there are no Spanish-Language validated inventories measuring weight stigma situations. Therefore, we sought to validate a brief Spanish version of the Stigmatizing Situations Inventory (SSI) in a sample of Chilean adults. A psychometric study with 377 Chilean adults was designed (Mage = 45.0, SD = 8.7; 62% female). Twenty-four items available from two previous versions of the SSI developed were back-translated from English to Spanish, and semantically adapted to the Chilean sample. We explored the factorial structure with 173 participants, and then confirmed it with 204 subjects. We obtained evidence of concurrent validity with other psychological measures, as well as evidence of reliability. Our results identified a single factor structure grouping 10-items, with factorial loadings greater than .60. The overall fit indices are excellent. There is evidence of concurrent validity with body mass index (r = .43), anger (r = .19), anxiety (r = .29), and daily life discrimination (r = .26); all with p < .05. The reliability of our version is high (a = .91). The brief Spanish version of the SSI is a 10-items reliable and valid scale with one-dimensional factorial structure. This scale can be used by researchers and healthcare professionals studying psychological consequences of obesity. Resumen Las personas con sobrepeso u obesidad enfrentan frecuentemente situaciones de estigmatización por el peso; sin embargo, no existen instrumentos validados en español que midan este constructo. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas una versión breve del Inventario de Situaciones Estigmatizantes (ISE) en población chilena. Participaron 377 adultos (Medad = 45.0, DE = 8.7; 62% mujeres). Veinticuatro ítems disponibles en versiones previas del ISE fueron retrotraducidos del inglés al español y adaptados semánticamente. La estructura factorial fue explorada con los registros de 173 de los participantes, y posteriormente fue confirmada con los 204 restantes. Fue identificada una estructura uni-factorial, con cargas factoriales > .60 e indicadores de bondad de ajuste excelentes. La consistencia interna de la escala fue alta (a = .91, ). Además se obtuvo evidencia de la validez concurrente del ISE con otras medidas: índice de masa corporal (r = .43), ira (r = .19), ansiedad (r = .29) y discriminación en la vida diaria (r = .26); todos con p < .05. La versión breve en español del ISE mostró ser válida y confiable. Esta escala puede ser utilizada por investigadores y profesionales de la salud que estudian las consecuencias psicológicas de la obesidad.
Seismic Analysis of Circular Elevated Water Tank Designed by Indian Standard and European Standard Code
Authors: Verma Siddhnath
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Elevated water tank is used for storage of water which is used for distribution to the public at certain pressure head. In high seismic zones the safety of water tank becomes point of great concern which in case of failure becomes very hazardous for public because of deficiency of water for public use and difficulty in putting fire away caused by earthquake. The water tank must be designed as much strong so that it can perform during and after earthquake without failing. The aim of this study is to design the elevated water tank as per Indian standard code and European standard code on ETABS software. In this study an elevated circular water tank of 35 m3 capacity is being designed in seismic zone III as per IS code and spectrum zone II as per Euro code for hard soil, medium soil and soft soil conditions. During analysis of tank the values of base moment, base shear, storey displacement and storey drift is being obtained and compared in both seismic zones for hard soil, medium soil and soft soil. Keywords: base shear, base moment, ETABS, elevated water tank.
Outline and Testing of Portable Solar Inverter
Authors: Sharga Miss. Rashi
Published: October 2021

Abstract: In this study we talk about ,a simulacrum of one phase inverter using solar energy, The main aim is use of solar energy for electricity to study about Portable inverter, to use solar energy for electricity . Inverter circuits consists of Ups , battery module and battery charger. The main work of Inverter is to convert D.C voltage to A.C voltage .Inverter circuit are divided into 3 parts Bjt switch ,control circuit which is use for generate pluses thorough micro controller ,filter part consists of capacitor, Resistor which is use to overcome of harmonics. The main purpose of this work, to be simple such as for as assessing knowledge about solar movable inverter with minimum cost and uses. Keywords: Solar panel, Regulator, battery charger, Inverter circuit, switching device, Transformer.
Влияние внутренних напряжений на старение полимерных композиционных материалов. Oбзор
Authors:   Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов, Каблов Е. Н. , Старцев В. О.
Published: October 2021

Обсуждено формирование внутренних напряжений в полимерных композиционных материалах (ПКМ) из-за различий модулей упругости и коэффициентов термического расширения полимерных матриц и армирующих наполнителей, а также из-за набухания при сорбции воды. Рассмотрено влияние термоциклов на внутренние напряжения и прочность материалов в сухой атмосфере и при увлажнении. Показано, что термоциклирование вызывает периодические скачки внутренних напряжений, являющиеся разновидностью низкочастотного механического циклического нагружения, при котором изменение прочностных показателей является следствием образования микротрещин в полимерных матрицах. Относительные изменения пределов прочности, модулей упругости, температуры стеклования, коэффициента диффузии влаги и других физических показателей ПКМ пропорциональны логарифму числа термоциклов и зависят от формы и размеров образцов, амплитуды, условий и продолжительности термоциклирования. При увеличении продолжительности внешних воздействий происходит релаксация внутренних напряжений, уменьшающая их вклад в старение ПКМ.
Эффективные модули упругости коротковолокнистого композита при скользящем контакте на межфазных поверхностях
Authors:   Институт прикладных проблем механики и математики им. Я.С. Подстригача НАН Украины, Михаськив В. В. , Стасюк Б. М. ,   Национальный университет “Львовская политехника”
Published: October 2021

Посредством модифицированной на случай разрывных перемещений схемы усреднения Мори—Танака и численного метода граничных элементов определены эффективные модули упругости трехмерного композита с равномерно распределенными короткими волокнами при условии скользящего контакта на межфазных поверхностях. Рассмотрены варианты как упорядоченных однонаправленных, так и случайно ориентированных наполнителей. Исследовано влияние на эффективные упругие свойства композита комбинации материалов составляющих компонентов, а также длины и объемной фракции волокон. Проведено сравнение эффективных модулей упругости композитов со скольжением и идеальным контактом на межфазных поверхностях. Численными результатами зафиксировано как уменьшение, так и увеличение отдельных эффективных модулей упругости за счет неидеального контакта компонентов композита.
Экспериментальное исследование влияния z-штифтов с нанесенным адгезивом на механическое поведение соединений внахлестку
Authors:   Faculty of Material & Manufacturing Technologies, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Мирзаэй А. , Дарбанди А. Х. , Тагавиан С. Х.
Published: October 2021

Оценено влияние нанесения адгезива на z-штифты на механические свойства соединений внахлестку. Изготовлено три типа образцов соединения внахлестку. Определены и сопоставлены их механические свойства. Результаты показали, что обработка штифтов адгезивом значительно увеличивает сдвиговую прочность соединения внахлестку.
Chemical composition and biological properties in Mentha spicata under conventional and organic fertilization
Authors: Meloni Diego Ariel , Bezerra da Silva José Aliçandro , Bordón Anahí , Lescano Julia Andrea , Beltrán Rosa Elizabeth
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Spearmint (Mentha spicata) is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, thanks to chemical properties largely influenced by genetic and environmental factors, especially soil conditions. Objective: To determine the effect of conventional and organic fertilization on the chemical and biological properties of M. spicata. Methods: We conducted field trials in a randomized block experimental design, with four replications, using unfertilized crops and crops fertilized with urea (0,15 t ha-1) or vermicompost (5 and 10 t ha-1). Results: All fertilization treatments increased essential oil yield, carvone content, and total polyphenol concentration with respect to the control. They also increased the antioxidant capacity and the inhibitory activity of the acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and α-glycosidase enzymes. The effect was more marked in the crop fertilized with 5 t ha-1 vermicompost. Conclusions: Both conventional and organic fertilization increase the yield and quality of M. spicata essential oils. However, organic fertilization with 5 t ha-1 vermicompost yields rich total polyphenols and carvone. This improves antioxidant and medicinal properties, acting on enzymes related to Alzheimer's disease and diabetes.
The effect of cash holdings and corporate governance on firm value: Evidence from the Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Jaradat Hamza Zaki , Alnaimi Ahmad Awad , Alsmadi Safaa Adnan
Published: October 2021

Much effort has been expended by the regulators in Jordan to enhance the code of corporate governance (CG); however, the effectiveness of CG mechanisms in monitoring management and enhancing the value of a firm is still a puzzle. This study aims to investigate the impact of CG and cash holdings (CH) on firm value as measured by the market-to-book ratio. The sample consists of all manufacturing firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the years 2010–2017. The study hypotheses were tested using panel regression analysis. The research findings suggest that CH have a positive association with firm value, supporting the transaction and precautionary motives for holding cash. An interesting finding is that board expertise was found to be negatively associated with firm value. Gender diversity was found to be positively related to firm value, while board size, independence, and frequency of meetings were found to be insignificant. It seems that firms in Jordan regard strong CG mechanisms to be expensive and of little value in mitigating the negative effects of a weak legal system. These findings shed new light on the influence (or the lack of it) of boards in Jordanian firms. Consequently, the study recommends that the regulatory agencies in Jordan should consider improving governance codes and Rules to increase the effectiveness of the board and governance in general.
An Assessment of Long-Range Corrected Density Functional Approximations in the Calculation of the Reduction Potentials of Ni(S2C2H2)2, Ni(Se2C2H2)2, Ni(S2C2H2)(N2C2H4), and Ni(Se2C2H2)(N2C2H4) Complexes
Authors: Bushnell Eric , Elder Jesse
Published: October 2021

Herein an assessment of several Long Range Corrected (LRC) Density
Functional Theory (DFT) methods for the calculation of reduction
potentials of the ([Ni(X2C2H2)2]n/[Ni(X2C2H2)2]n-1), and
([Ni(X2C2H2)(N2C2H4)]n/[Ni(X2C2H2)(N2C2H4)]n-1) and (where X= S
or Se and n = 0, or -1) redox couples was done. From the results the
values of ω that provide best agreement with CCSD(T) for the tested LRC
DFT methods are 0.05 bohr-1, 0.15 bohr-1, 0.05 bohr-1, and 0.20 bohr-1
for ω-B97XD, LC-BLYP, CAM-B3LYP, and ω-B97, respectively. With these
values the unsigned average in error was 0.12 V with a standard
deviation of 0.13 V for ω-B97XD. For LC-BLYP, CAM-B3LYP, and ω-B97 the
unsigned averages in relative errors were 0.12 V, 0.11 V, and 0.13 V,
respectively, with respective standard deviations of 0.11 V, 0.12 V and
0.13 V.
Recurrent atrial arrhythmia in a randomized controlled trial comparing contact force guided and contact force blinded ablation for typical atrial flutter
Authors: Giehm-Reese Mikkel , Kronborg Mads , Lukac Peter , Kristiansen Steen , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf , Gerdes Christian , Kristensen Jens , Nielsen Jan Møller , Nielsen Jens
Published: October 2021

Background: Contact force (CF) guided catheter ablation (CA) is a novel
technology developed to improve efficacy and reduce complications. In a
randomised controlled trial (RCT), we previously documented that after
three months, rate of persistent conduction block was similar with and
without using CF while performing CA for typical atrial flutter (AFL).
Clinical effect of CF on recurrent arrhythmia is unknown. Objective: To
study recurrent atrial arrhythmia during 12-months follow-up in a RCT
investigating whether CF-guided CA for typical AFL is superior to
CF-blinded CA. Method: Patients were randomized 1:1 to CA guided by CF
(intervention group) or blinded to CF (control group). After 12 months,
patients attended clinical check-up preceded by a 5-day ambulatory
Holter monitor recording. Primary outcome was any recurrent atrial
arrhythmia ≥30 seconds within 12 months, symptomatic or asymptomatic and
documented in 12-lead ECG or Holter monitor recording. We did
intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Results: We included and randomized
156 patients, four patients withdrew consent and two died during
follow-up. Thus, 150 patients were included in ITT-analysis, in which
recurrent arrhythmia was detected in 47 (31%) patients, 25 in the
intervention group and 22 in the control group (p = 0.25). Atrial
fibrillation was detected in 38 patients (18 versus 20 patients), and
AFL in the remaining 9 patients (7 versus 2 patients). Conclusion:
Contact force guided ablation for typical atrial flutter does not reduce
recurrent atrial arrhythmia after 12-months follow-up as compared with
ablation blinded for contact force.
The Association between Audit Office Team Diversity and Audit Quality
Authors: Huang Ying (Julie)
Published: October 2021

SYNOPSIS

Surveys and field studies find that high-performing teams are diverse teams. Diverse teams value different perspectives and encourage the participation of team members through psychological safety, leading to higher team performance. This paper argues that team diversity is an office-level characteristic that is distinguishable from other characteristics studied in the prior auditing literature and that has an incremental effect on audit quality. I find a positive association between team diversity and audit quality that is robust to controlling for other audit office and client characteristics. Further, this positive association is stronger for more complex and non-routine audit engagements. These findings should be of interest to regulators who regulate how the auditing industry attracts and retains talent worldwide. In addition, these findings should be informative to audit committees who make auditor selection decisions and to investors and accounting researchers interested in the relation between audit team personnel and audit quality.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Cluster Analysis of Cardiovascular Phenotypes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Potential Approach to Precision Medicine
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Zheng Yinggan , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Udell Jacob A. , Goodman Shaun G. , Armstrong Paul W. , Buse John B. , Green Jennifer B. , Josse Robert G. , Kaufman Keith D. , McGuire Darren K. , Ambrosio Giuseppe , Chuang Lee-Ming , Lopes Renato D. , Peterson Eric D. , Holman Rury R.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

Phenotypic heterogeneity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is ill defined. We used cluster analysis machine-learning algorithms to identify phenotypes among trial participants with T2DM and ASCVD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used data from the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) study (n = 14,671), a cardiovascular outcome safety trial comparing sitagliptin with placebo in patients with T2DM and ASCVD (median follow-up 3.0 years). Cluster analysis using 40 baseline variables was conducted, with associations between clusters and the primary composite outcome (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina) assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. We replicated the results using the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) trial.

RESULTS

Four distinct phenotypes were identified: cluster I included Caucasian men with a high prevalence of coronary artery disease; cluster II included Asian patients with a low BMI; cluster III included women with noncoronary ASCVD disease; and cluster IV included patients with heart failure and kidney dysfunction. The primary outcome occurred, respectively, in 11.6%, 8.6%, 10.3%, and 16.8% of patients in clusters I to IV. The crude difference in cardiovascular risk for the highest versus lowest risk cluster (cluster IV vs. II) was statistically significant (hazard ratio 2.74 [95% CI 2.29–3.29]). Similar phenotypes and outcomes were identified in EXSCEL.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with T2DM and ASCVD, cluster analysis identified four clinically distinct groups. Further cardiovascular phenotyping is warranted to inform patient care and optimize clinical trial designs.