bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Our Experience from a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Radunovic Miodrag , Lazovic Ranko , Popovic Natasa , Magdelinic Milorad , Bulajic Milutin , Radunovic Lenka , Vukovic Marko , Radunovic Miroslav
Published: November 2016

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as well as the frequency of conversions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 740 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analysed retrospectively. We evaluated patients for the presence of potential risk factors that could predict the development of complications such as age, gender, body mass index, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP), gallbladder ultrasonographic findings, and pathohistological analysis of removed gallbladders. The correlation between these risk factors was also analysed. RESULTS: There were 97 (13.1%) intraoperative complications (IOC). Iatrogenic perforations of a gallbladder were the most common complication - 39 patients (5.27%). Among the postoperative complications (POC), the most common ones were bleeding from abdominal cavity 27 (3.64%), biliary duct leaks 14 (1.89%), and infection of the surgical wound 7 patients (0.94%). There were 29 conversions (3.91%). The presence of more than one complication was more common in males (OR = 2.95, CI 95%, 1.42-4.23, p < 0.001). An especially high incidence of complications was noted in patients with elevated white blood cell count (OR = 3.98, CI 95% 1.68-16.92, p < 0.01), and CRP (OR = 2.42, CI 95% 1.23-12.54, p < 0.01). The increased incidence of complications was noted in patients with ultrasonographic finding of gallbladder empyema and increased thickness of the gallbladder wall > 3 mm (OR = 4.63, CI 95% 1.56-17.33, p < 0.001), as well as in patients with acute cholecystitis that was confirmed by pathohistological analysis (OR = 1.75, CI 95% 2.39-16.46, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Adopting laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a new technique for treatment of cholelithiasis, introduced a new spectrum of complications. Major biliary and vascular complications are life threatening, while minor complications cause patient discomfort and prolongation of the hospital stay. It is important recognising IOC complications during the surgery so they are taken care of in a timely manner during the surgical intervention. Conversion should not be considered a complication.Â
Un acteur méconnu : la victime entre sa victimation et la police
Authors: Robert Philippe , Zauberman Renée , Jouwahri Fadoua
Published: November 2016

Cet article étudie ce qui détermine la victime d’une infraction pénale à en informer – la littérature parle de renvoi – les autorités, en pratique la police. Pour l’ordinaire des victimes, il s’agit d’une expérience rare ; pourtant, c’est pour l’essentiel par leur renvoi que les institutions connaissent les infractions à victime directe, comme le vol, le cambriolage ou l’agression… À partir de données d’enquêtes de victimation en Île-de-France, l’article combine régressions, arbres de décision et analyse typologique. S’il part de la gravité du dommage, il dépasse ce consensus international : on l’imagine simple, la gravité s’avère complexe. L’article montre d’abord ses limites : elle laisse parfois place à d’autres motivations ou bien elle cache d’autres mécanismes. Ensuite, il s’attache aux cas paradoxaux où l’appréciation de gravité va de concert avec une absence de renvoi. Enfin, il montre que c’est la décision de recours à l’assurance qui détermine la formalisation du renvoi à la police dans un véritable dépôt de plainte.
Rwanda : les risques d’une réconciliation idéalisée
Authors: Rosoux Valérie
Published: November 2016

La réflexion s’interroge sur la portée et les limites de la réconciliation au Rwanda. Elle se structure autour de quatre axes. Le premier examine les différentes conceptions de la réconciliation en tant que processus politique. La deuxième revient sur les appels officiels à la réconciliation. La troisième illustre les aspirations des praticiens rencontrés. La dernière partie présente des voix dissonantes qui transgressent l’impératif de réconciliation. La conclusion pointe l’un des principaux risques d’une conception idéalisée de la réconciliation : étouffer l’indignation des victimes pour rassurer les tiers. Sur le plan méthodologique, quatre types de corpus sont mobilisés (discours officiels, entretiens, documentaires et témoignages).
Introduction : normativités et réclusion en contexte de demande sécuritaire
Authors: de Galembert Claire , Devresse Marie-Sophie
Published: November 2016

Ce texte introduit un numéro spécial consacré à la tension entre logique sécuritaire et contraintes juridiques en interrogeant ses effets sur la gestion de l’enfermement. Cette tension correspond en effet moins à une « ouverture » ou une « démocratisation » de la privation de liberté qu’à une nouvelle inflexion de son fonctionnement, qu’on analysera selon quatre axes. En premier lieu sera examiné le cadre institutionnel de cette entrée progressive du droit en réclusion, qu’il s’agisse de la genèse des règles ou des objets techniques qui en permettent la traduction sur le terrain. La coexistence et l’articulation de diverses normativités, émanant de la logique juridique ou d’autres rationalités nous intéressera en second lieu. On s’interrogera ensuite sur l’impact de ce nouveau cadre juridique sur les cultures professionnelles du personnel des institutions de réclusion, mais aussi des praticiens du droit qui y interviennent désormais. Enfin, il sera envisagé, plus généralement, de se pencher sur l’influence de ce cadre sur le quotidien de la réclusion et sur l’ordre, toujours négocié localement, qui y régit les relations entre reclus et surveillants.
Logique d’exception et logique sécuritaire en droit international de la détention
Authors: Scalia Damien
Published: November 2016

Nombre d’études empiriques ont montré la manière dont la prison et les droits humains qui s’y appliquent sont régis par une logique sécuritaire. La présente contribution propose d’analyser le droit pour savoir si cette logique sécuritaire est présente au moment de la rédaction (ou de l’interprétation) de la norme légale. Se concentrant sur le droit international de la détention, appréhendé comme droit émetteur des normes de protection des droits des personnes privées de liberté, l’auteur montre que ce corpus juridique oscille entre une volonté de protection et une logique d’exception comprenant la logique sécuritaire. Entre exceptions qui annihilent le droit et application exceptionnelle de ce dernier, le droit international de la détention semble préfigurer la pratique en détention.
Entre droit et savoirs professionnels. L’action des membres du contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté français
Authors: Fischer Nicolas
Published: November 2016

À partir d’une enquête combinant des entretiens et des observations ethnographiques, cette contribution revient sur la démarche critique particulière des membres du Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté, autorité de contrôle créée en France en 2007 pour veiller au respect des droits fondamentaux des personnes enfermées. Son approche se distingue par sa vocation préventive, qui l’oppose à la démarche d’un corps d’inspection ou d’une instance de médiation. Pour en préciser le contenu, on envisage tout d’abord comment les contrôleurs ont eux-mêmes défini la perspective et les méthodes propres au contrôle, en refusant de limiter ses références au seul droit positif. L’observation des visites de contrôle effectuées sur les lieux montre ensuite comment l’évaluation d’un espace de confinement combine des références formelles au droit avec un sens commun partagé de ce qui est « acceptable » en prison.
Vers une conciliation entre sécurité et droit en prison ? Questionner la sécurité dynamique
Authors: Icard Valérie
Published: November 2016

Cet article propose l’analyse d’un des volets du processus de normalisation carcérale : la transformation du modèle sécuritaire via l’avènement de la sécurité dynamique. Articulant impératif sécuritaire et instauration d’un espace social intra-muros, cette conception alternative du maintien de l’ordre repose sur la redéfinition de la relation carcérale. Il s’agit alors d’examiner la façon dont la tension entre sécurité et droit se manifeste dans le cadre de ces reconfigurations organisationnelles. À partir d’une enquête menée dans une prison française, on interroge les effets de cette nouvelle approche de la sécurité sur le rôle des surveillants dans l’organisation carcérale, ainsi que sa réception par les agents.
Le nouveau BOSS en prison : une alternative technologique à la pratique de la fouille ?
Authors: Tschanz Anaïs
Published: November 2016

Depuis les années 1990, les institutions carcérales se construisent selon des impératifs managériaux et se dotent de dispositifs technologiques permettant de contrôler à la fois les détenus, le personnel de l’établissement et ses visiteurs. Cet article propose de s’intéresser au virage sécuritaire pris par le monde carcéral à travers l’étude d’une technologie particulière : le Body Orifice Security Scanner (BOSS). À partir d’une description de ce dispositif de sécurité, nos réflexions nous conduisent à nous questionner sur ce choix technologique semblant a priori pouvoir se substituer à la pratique controversée de la fouille, au cœur des tensions entre droits et sécurité en prison. Or, la production d’effets divergeant de ses objectifs initiaux ainsi que son design particulier, nous amènent à envisager le BOSS comme une technologie sécuritaire de gouvernement, rappel quotidien du véritable boss en prison. 1
L’économie morale de l’enfermement au Canada
Authors: Lehalle Sandra
Published: November 2016

Cet article propose une réflexion sur l’état actuel du « modèle canadien » marqué par une intensification du recours à la privation de liberté. L’enfermement y est analysé comme une violence lente et invisible (Nixon, 2011) qui semble engendrer une indifférence morale et un processus de déshumanisation tels que conçus par Bauman (2002). En mobilisant les concepts d’univers d’obligation morale (Fein, 1979) et d’économie morale (Fassin, 2009), l’auteure soutient que les politiques et les pratiques de privation de liberté opèrent une mise à l’écart et une différenciation de certains individus qui n’est pas uniquement spatiale et sociale, mais également morale. L’exaltation de sentiments moraux et d’émotions est ainsi envisagée comme au cœur de la construction sociale de l’enfermement, aussi bien au niveau des normes qui encadrent sa pratique que dans les valeurs au nom desquelles la société prive certains individus de leur liberté.
La dyslexie-dysorthographie : hypothèses psychodynamiques
Authors: Marciano Paul
Published: November 2016

Ce trouble du langage écrit et oral qu’est la dyslexie-dysorthographie, doit être considéré comme un symptôme. Il vient en effet porter témoignage des mécanismes psychopathologiques de l’enfant et en particulier de sa vive inquiétude devant les risques qu’il encourt quant à sa place face aux modifications de son cadre. Risque réel ou fantasmé qu’il met en quelque sorte en scène et qu’il transpose dans le monde de la lecture par des malpositions de lettres et de syllabes. Comme s’il s’agissait de véritables personnes qu’il situe désormais à des places plus tolérables en fonction de son économie psychique.
Dyspraxie développementale ou trouble de l’acquisition de la coordination ( tac ) : repérage, évaluation et indications thérapeutiques
Authors: Vaivre-Douret Laurence
Published: November 2016

Les enfants et adolescents porteurs d’un trouble de l’acquisition de la coordination ( tac ) forment un groupe hétérogène associant une maladresse, la dyspraxie développementale et le tac. Désormais, depuis 1994, un consensus international a recommandé l’utilisation du terme tac pour la recherche et la pratique clinique identifiant ainsi les enfants avec des troubles mineurs de la coordination motrice d’origine développementale. De récentes études explorant une complète sémiologie auprès d’enfants et adolescents porteurs d’un tac , avec des investigations poussées sur le plan neuropsychomoteur, psychologique, neuropsychologique et neurovisuel, permettent d’établir un diagnostic différentiel. Elles mettent en évidence des critères cliniques prédicteurs de sous-groupes de tac purs : (idéomoteur [ im ] et visuo-spatial et/ou visuo-constructif [ vsc ]), et un groupe de tac mixte ( mx ), associant les deux précédents groupes ( im et vsc ) mais incluant les troubles spécifiques de la coordination motrice, avec une comorbidité de signes discrets et de déficits cognitifs. Nous illustrerons la démarche et l’approche clinique ainsi que des indications thérapeutiques.
Approche cognitive et psychopathologique : une coexistence pacifique ?
Authors: Chambry Jean
Published: November 2016

Les troubles des apprentissages sont un motif fréquent de consultation et sont au cœur des préoccupations de nombreux parents. La notion de trouble spécifique des apprentissages est controversée entre les partisans des approches neurodéveloppementales et ceux des approches psychopathologiques. Il semble qu’il soit difficile de faire se rencontrer ces deux modèles de compréhension du fonctionnement psychique. Pourtant les découvertes sur la neuroplasticité permettent d’envisager des ponts. En pratique, depuis plus de douze ans, au centre référent des troubles des apprentissages du chu de Kremlin-Bicêtre, nous avons pu offrir à nos patients une approche complémentaire. Les troubles des apprentissages reposent sur des facteurs nombreux, variables, de natures diverses qui interagissent entre eux et nécessitent une évaluation précise, pluridisciplinaire. Une réflexion doit s’engager sur l’organisation des soins afin d’améliorer les articulations entre cmp, cmpp et centre référent et offrir la possibilité d’un programme progressif d’intervention des professionnels.
Un programme progressif de prise en charge des troubles des apprentissages : l’expérience pilote Paris Santé Réussite
Authors: Billard Catherine , Barbe Frédérique
Published: November 2016

En 2000 le Plan d’Action Langage, coordonné par J.-C. Ringard et F. Veber au nom des ministères de l’Éducation nationale et de la Santé, a défini les différents troubles spécifiques des apprentissages, fort mal connus en France. Treize ans après ses véritables avancées en termes de recommandations pédagogiques, de soins, de recherche et de lutte contre le handicap, tout n’est pas résolu. L’échec scolaire s’aggrave, les demandes de soins pour les enfants souffrant de troubles des apprentissages et d’évaluations pluridisciplinaires dans les Centre référents sur les troubles des apprentissages ( crta ) ne correspondent plus à l’offre. La mise en place d’un programme transversal de prévention pédagogique, puis de soins par étapes selon la sévérité du trouble et son évolution s’impose. La coordination des réponses pédagogiques et des soins, facteur essentiel d’une meilleure efficacité, doit se développer. L’expérience pilote de Paris Santé Réussite ( psr ) est une recherche-action, financée par la ville de Paris, destinée à mettre en place et évaluer en environnement défavorisé ce programme progressif et coordonné adapté aux besoins des enfants. Elle est couplée au projet Prévention des Troubles des Apprentissages de la Lecture ( ptal ) mis en place par l’Académie de Paris.
Les troubles des apprentissages chez l’enfant : comment l’enfant et les parents les vivent
Authors: Chatriot Marianne
Published: November 2016

Les enfants qui ont des troubles spécifiques des apprentissages doivent être évalués sur les deux plans : cognitif et psychoaffectif. En effet, ils souffrent souvent « d’autre chose » que de leurs troubles : la perte de confiance en soi, la sensation d’être différent, un sentiment de solitude, la peur de décevoir leurs parents, un sentiment d’humiliation ou d’impuissance. Les parents, eux aussi, ont parfois du mal à soutenir l’enfant dans sa « différence ». Comprendre comment les enfants et les parents vivent les troubles, telle est la question abordée ici afin que les adultes qui les entourent les comprennent mieux, et par là, les aident.
« Comment t’expliquer… » Ou l’émergence d’une demande de savoir
Authors: Ducharme Ariane
Published: November 2016

Cet écrit clinique témoigne de l’émergence d’une demande de savoir chez un enfant aliéné aux signifiants d’un Autre maternel. Au sein du transfert, levier à l’apparition d’un dire subjectif, Quentin vient nous faire entendre un choix qui l’engage dans son rapport au savoir et, par lui, au monde. Un choix auquel le thérapeute s’est fait partenaire grâce à l’advenue d’un questionnement chez cet enfant.
La fonction phorique du pédiatre
Authors: Quesney Alain
Published: November 2016

Les écrits de Pierre Delion concernent souvent les enfants psychotiques et leur traitement en institution. S’inspirant librement des pionniers de la thérapie institutionnelle (Tosquelle, Oury…) et des découvertes de Winnicott, Pierre Delion a popularisé la notion de fonction phorique du thérapeute qui pourrait être une des traductions possibles dans le soin du holding maternel winnicottien. Frappé par l’utilisation fréquente en médecine d’enfants du mot « prise en charge », et partir de trois vignettes cliniques personnelles, j’ai tenté de montrer en quoi ce concept de fonction phorique pouvait être enrichissant dans la pratique quotidienne d’un pédiatre. Idéalement, celui-ci devrait pouvoir se ressourcer dans des lieux d’échange et de supervision regroupant divers professionnels de l’enfance.
Challenges in the analysis of multiple mycotoxins
Authors: Stroka J. , Maragos C.M.
Published: November 2016

The problems associated with different groups or ‘families’ of mycotoxins have been known for some time, and for many years certain groups of mycotoxins have been known to co-occur in commodities and foods. Until fairly recently commodities and foods were analysed for individual toxins or groups of related toxins and attempts to measure multiple groups of toxins required significant investments in terms of time, effort, and expense. Analytical technologies using both the instrument-intensive techniques, such as mass spectrometry, and screening techniques, such as immunoassays, have progressed significantly in recent years. This has led to the proliferation of techniques capable of detecting multiple groups of mycotoxins using a variety of approaches. Despite considerable progress, the challenges for routine monitoring of multiple toxins continue. Certain of these challenges, such as the need for co-extraction of multiple analytes with widely different polarities and the potential for carry-over of matrix components that can influence the results, are independent of the analytical technique (MS or immunoassay) used. Because of the wide variety of analytical platforms used for multi-toxin analysis, there are also specific challenges that arise amongst the analytical platforms. We showed that chromatographic methods with optical detection for aflatoxins maintain stable response factors over rather long periods. This offers the potential to reduce the analytical burden, provided the use of a single signal receives general acceptance once shown in practise as working approach. This must however be verified by a larger community of laboratories. For immunosensors the arising challenges include the reusability of sensors and, for chromatography-based assays they include the selection of appropriate calibration systems. In this article we seek to further describe the challenges associated with multi-toxin analysis and articulate how such challenges have recently been addressed.
Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change
Authors: Bandyopadhyay R. , Ortega-Beltran A. , Akande A. , Mutegi C. , Atehnkeng J. , Kaptoge L. , Senghor A.L. , Adhikari B.N. , Cotty P.J.
Published: November 2016

Aflatoxin contamination of crops is frequent in warm regions across the globe, including large areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Crop contamination with these dangerous toxins transcends health, food security, and trade sectors. It cuts across the value chain, affecting farmers, traders, markets, and finally consumers. Diverse fungi withinAspergillus sectionFlavi contaminate crops with aflatoxins. Within theseAspergillus communities, several genotypes are not capable of producing aflatoxins (atoxigenic). Carefully selected atoxigenic genotypes in biological control (biocontrol) formulations efficiently reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops when applied prior to flowering in the field. This safe and environmentally friendly, effective technology was pioneered in the US, where well over a million acres of susceptible crops are treated annually. The technology has been improved for use in sub-Saharan Africa, where efforts are under way to develop biocontrol products, under the trade name Aflasafe, for 11 African nations. The number of participating nations is expected to increase. In parallel, state of the art technology has been developed for large-scale inexpensive manufacture of Aflasafe products under the conditions present in many African nations. Results to date indicate that all Aflasafe products, registered and under experimental use, reduce aflatoxin concentrations in treated crops by >80% in comparison to untreated crops in both field and storage conditions. Benefits of aflatoxin biocontrol technologies are discussed along with potential challenges, including climate change, likely to be faced during the scaling-up of Aflasafe products. Lastly, we respond to several apprehensions expressed in the literature about the use of atoxigenic genotypes in biocontrol formulations. These responses relate to the following apprehensions: sorghum as carrier, distribution costs, aflatoxin-conscious markets, efficacy during drought, post-harvest benefits, risk of allergies and/or aspergillosis, influence of Aflasafe on other mycotoxins and on soil microenvironment, dynamics ofAspergillus genotypes, and recombination between atoxigenic and toxigenic genotypes in natural conditions.
MiR-608 rs4919510 C > G polymorphism increased the risk of bladder cancer in an Iranian population
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad , Bizhani Fatemeh , Danesh Hiva , Narouie Behzad , Sotoudeh Mehdi , Radfar Mohammad Hadi , Ramezani Mehdi Honarkar , Bahari Gholamreza , Taheri Mohsen , Ghavami Saeid
Published: November 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in diverse biological pathways and may act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs potentially can alter miRNA-binding sites on target genes as well as affecting miRNAs expression. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of miR-608 rs4919510 C > G variant on bladder cancer risk. This case-control study conducted on 233 bladder cancer patients and 252 healthy subjects. Genotyping of miR-608 rs4919510 was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Our findings showed that CG as well as CG + GG genotypes significantly increased the risk of bladder cancer (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.28–2.94, p = 0.002, and OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.26–2.86, p = 0.002, respectively) compared to CC genotype. The G allele significantly increased the risk of bladder cancer compared to C allele (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.17–2.45, p = 0.005). Our findings proposed that miR-608 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in a sample of Iranian population. Further large-scale studies with different ethnicities are needed to verify our findings.
BIM and Cultural Heritage
Authors: Achille Cristiana , Lombardini Nora , Tommasi Cinzia
Published: November 2016

Nowadays, when people talk about BIM software, they refer to new constructions, made of regular elements and standard parameters. The question is: what happens when one, instead of a new building, considers an ancient or existing one? To answer this question, the possibility of using effectively the BIM process for the maintenance and the conservation of Cultural Heritage has to be evaluated. In particular, the research examines the case study of the archaeological site of the Sanctuary of Diana in Nemi (Rome), which is an important example in the National Heritage. The final product consists of a parametric model, where one can find, embedded in a database, all the information about the elements for the management of conservation projects. Highlighting positive aspects and existing limits, in order to contribute to further studies on the subject, leading to a mandatory implementation and use of this software, even in relation to future European legislative framework.
A Computer-Based Game that Promotes Mathematics Learning More than a Conventional Approach
Authors: McLaren Bruce M. , Adams Deanne M. , Mayer Richard E. , Forlizzi Jodi
Published: November 2016

Excitement about learning from computer-based games has been papable in recent years and has led to the development of many educational games. However, there are relatively few sound empirical studes in the scientific literature that have shown the benefits of learning mathematics from games as opposed to more traditional approaches. The empirical study reported in this paper provides evidence that a mathematics educational game can provide superior learning opportunities, as well as be more engaging. In a study involving 153 students from two middle schools, 70 students learned about decimals from playing an educational game—Decimal Point—whereas 83 students learned the same content by a more conventional, computer-based approach. The game led to significantly better gain scores in solving decimal problems, on both an immediate (d = .43) and delayed (d = .37) posttest and was rated as significantly more enjoyable (d = .95). Low prior knowledge students especially benefitted from the game. This paper also summarizes the game's design characteristics.
Garment Simulation and Collision Detection on a Mobile Device
Authors: Vassilev Tzvetomir Ivanov
Published: November 2016

This paper describes several techniques for accelerating a virtual try-on garment simulation on a mobile device (smartphone or tablet) using parallel computing on a multicore CPU, GPU computing or both depending on the mobile hardware. The system exploits a mass-spring cloth model with velocity modification approach to overcome the super-elasticity. The simulation starts from flat garment pattern meshes positioned around a 3D human body, then seaming forces are applied on the edges of the panels until the garment is seamed and several cloth draping steps are performed in the end. The cloth-body collision detection and response algorithm is based on image-space interference tests and the cloth-cloth collision detection uses entirely GPU based approach on the newer hardware or recursive parallel algorithm on the CPU. As the results section shows the average time of dressing a virtual body with a garment on a modern smart phone supporting OpenGL ES2.0 is 2 seconds and on a tablet supporting OpenGL ES3.0 or 3.1 is less than one second.
Economical Comparison of Packaging Machines: A New Approach Based on an Economic Evaluation Model
Authors: Götz Georg , Rohrhirsch Maximilian , Gebbe Christian , Richter Christoph , Reinhart Gunther
Published: November 2016

There is a large demand to increase the material and energy efficiency as well as the format-flexibility of packaging machines due to current market changes, e.g. the increased demand for individualized products and the resulting drop down of batch sizes. These machines are mostly customized products to fulfil the special requirements of the various packaging machine users. Thus, it is important to know the most profitable level of material and energy efficiency as well as format-flexibility for these machines at the beginning of the development phase. The focus of this paper is the introduction of a new model for the economical assessment of format-flexible packaging machines. It is targeted towards machine manufactures during the early stages of development as well as potential machine users in the investment decision process. Further, the model is applicable to consider further capability characteristics of different packaging machines. The introduced model combines the net present value method and the overall equipment effectiveness system. The application of the economic evaluation model will be shown by a practical use case.
Efficient and Noise Reduced Design of a Side Channel Blower Considering Psychoacoustic Evaluation Criteria
Authors: Münsterjohann Sven , Zenger Florian , Becker Stefan
Published: November 2016

Commonly used turbo machines like axial fans or side channels blowers have a large impact on their environment: Large demand for electrical power and production of strong aeroacoustic sound sources, generating a significant noise emission, lead to a environmental footprint. The current work addresses both tasks: improvement of efficiency and reduction of noise emission. In this work a side channel blower is in the focus of the investigations. Since the noise emission of side channel blowers mainly occurs in the region of the stripper, pressure measurements on the blade surface are performed. The pressure trend during the blade passage along the stripper provides information on the exact location of and the contribution to the acoustic noise generation. Modifications of the stripper geometry with the objective of pressure drop linearization along the stripper are evaluated with respect to efficiency, pressure rise and noise reduction. All acoustic measurements are also evaluated with psychoacoustic quantities, like loudness and sharpness, to account for the human perception.
Energy Efficient Manufacturing of Power Electronics Substrates through Selective Laser Melting Technology
Authors: Syed-Khaja Aarief , Stecher Jonathan , Esfandyari Alireza , Kreitlein Sven , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

In view of rising energy prices, high-energy consumption, and the associated environmental problems, in recent years the focus was shifted on the demand for energy and resource efficiency in the manufacturing sector. In the context of the project ‘PowerSLAM’ under Green Factory Bavaria Project, the feasibility of selective laser melting technology (SLM) for the production of ceramic circuit carriers is investigated. In this paper, an overview on the comparison of the state-of-the-art technologies with SLM technology is given in the perspective of energy and resource consumption. Parallelly the results of the investigations of SLM technology i.e. process feasibility and optimization for melting of copper based powders on ceramic substrates is summarized. The process parameters such as laser power, laser scan velocity and scan strategies are investigated. Based on the energy measurements, the process parameters are optimized accordingly for efficient process and overview on the resource and energy consumption is given. Demonstrators are built based on confined parameter combinations showing the process compatibility and the efficiencies are calculated accordingly. Here the approach bottom-up is considered to do the comprehensive process comparison and the energy efficiency value is considered in accessing the process and related energy efficiency.
Energy Efficient Strategies for Processing Rare Earth Permanent Magnets
Authors: Meyer Alexander , Ringelhan Christoph , Fischer Carina , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

Due to high magnetic fields causing strong interactions between permanent magnets and other ferromagnetic material, transport and handling of magnetized magnet bodies is challenging. To avoid undesired effects, such as influences on sensitive devices or difficult separation of the single magnets from stack, spacing and shielding of the magnet bodies is required leading to larger package sizes and thus in some cases higher energy demand during transport referred to the transported magnet mass. An optimization of the transport chain can be reached using the software tool presented in this paper. Further magnetizing high coercive rare earth magnets needs strong magnetic fields. To create the necessary field strength, copper coils are used requiring current strengths of several kA. Since the electrical resistance of copper differs from zero, this also means enormous thermal losses. Hence to reduce the losses and to avoid thermal damage of the coil, only short current pulses are applied generated by a pulse magnetizer. However, the efficiency of the process is very poor and lies in the lower per mil range. The presented paper explains the magnetization process in detail with focus on the losses within the magnetization device. Further different material parameters influencing the saturation field strength, such as conductivity, size and diameter to length ratio are presented and possibilities to improve the energy efficiency are shown.
The Least Energy Demand as Crossbench Reference for the Evaluation and Equation of the Relative Energy Efficiency of Production Processes
Authors: Kreitlein Sven , Ultsch Fabian , Baumhoer Fabian , Franke Jörg
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as a comprehensive reference value to evaluate energy efficiency. An objective evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes represents a substantial challenge with regard to the state of the art. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison is essential to reveal the actual energy savings potential of production processes and to derive actions on its basis. First, in order to calculate such a reference value for different production processes, the basics to describe a closed system energetically, are defined. Initially, several energy states and the various energy terms were defined to describe a production process as an energetic system. In a second step, the model for the activation energy based on chemical laws is introduced and its basic idea is transferred to the operations of the production processes of DIN 8580. For this purpose, appropriate general conditions have to be defined in order to be able to derive, finally, the existence of a Least Energy Demand for the execution of a production process according to DIN 8580. In conclusion, the term Least System Energy Change Demand is introduced and is defined within the conceptualized model for the activation energy. It forms the basis of independent reference values for the evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes.
Strength and Behaviour of Small-Scale Reinforced High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Beam with Short Shear Span
Authors: Topark-Ngarm Pattanapong , Cao Trinh , Chindaprasirt Prinya , Sata Vanchai
Published: November 2016

The small-scale reinforced high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete beams with short shear span were studied in this research. Reinforced concrete beams with 150x150 mm2 cross-section and 530 mm in length were used for tests. Conventional reinforced Portland cement concrete beams (RC) with designed concrete compressive strengths of 35, 45 and 55 MPa and high-calcium fly ash geopolymer reinforced concrete beams with similar strength were tested. The geopolymer concretes (GC) were designed with alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio (L/A) of 0.5, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (S/H) ratio of 1.0 and two sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations of 10M and 15M. Two temperatures of 23 and 60 °C were used for curing geopolymer reinforced concrete (GRC) beams for 24 hr, while RC beams were moist cured at 23 °C. The maximum sustained moment and shear were compared with the predicted values from the RC-design standard. The results showed that the failure patterns of small GRC beams were different to that of normal RC beam. The small GRC beams failed in flexure whereas the similar small RC beams failed in shear. However, the GRC beams were able to sustain higher shear and moment than the values obtained from the design code. The different in failure mechanism was probably due to the different in modulus of elasticity of geopolymer concrete and normal concrete.
Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotubes and the Effects of Deionized Water on their Surface Morphology and Microstructure
Authors: Timah Emmanuel Nyambod , Kiennork Sert , Wongwanwattana Pakawat , Thongpanit Pratya , Kadroon Bhunpawatana , Samran Buagun , Tipparach Udom
Published: November 2016

Nanotubes of TiO2 have been synthesized on titanium metal by DC anodization at 50 V in an EG/NH4F/D.I. H2O electrolyte. The anodization apparatus which uses a platinum cathode is unique and designed to allow only for a single-face anodization. The influence of deionized water (D.I. H2O) on the surface morphology of the nanotubes was investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the microstructure before and after calcination was studied using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). Results show that the surface density and uniformity of the TiO2 nanotube arrays varies with the percentage of D.I. H2O in the electrolyte. The best result was obtained at 6% vol D.I. H2O after calcination. This result is useful since, the surface morphology and microstructure play a vital role in the performance of TiO2 nanotubes in various applications.
Mechanical and Chemical Stabilities of Barium Alginate Gel: Influence of Chemical Concentrations
Authors: Taweetanawanit Pongsatorn , Radpukdee Thana , Giao Nguyen Thanh , Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi Sumana
Published: November 2016

There has been increasing interest of alginate gel utilization for environmental application. This study was aimed to investigate influence of sodium alginate and barium chloride concentrations on mechanical and chemical stabilities of the barium alginate gel. The barium alginate beads were mechanically tested using universal testing machine while the beads were soaked in the solutions with pHs of 5 to 9 or salts (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium hydrogen carbonate) for chemical stability test. The result showed that concentrations of barium chloride and sodium alginate obviously affected mechanical and chemical stabilities. Higher barium chloride concentrations decreased stress and Young’s modulus of beads whereas higher alginate concentrations resulted to higher gel strength and flexibility. The stress and Young’s modulus of 0.57 and 37.71 MPa were found in the best preparation condition (barium chloride of 1% and sodium alginate of 5%). For the chemical tests, the gel beads mostly tolerated in the solutions with different pHs and salt solutions excluding NaHCO3. The gel beads prepared in this work sound potential for practice.
Optimum Conditions for the Formation of Glycidyl Nitrate from 1,3-Dinitroglycerin
Authors: Astuti Erna , Supranto  , Rochmadi  , Prasetya Agus
Published: November 2016

One of the utilization of glycerol as byproduct of the biodiesel industry is to produce polyglycidyl nitrate, the most energetic polymer. The synthesize of polyglycidil nitrate from glycerol includes three steps: nitration, cyclization and polymerization. The aim of this study is to obtain the optimum conditions of cyclization. The cyclization was carried out in a 5 ml reactor and equipped with Hickman distillation head and nitrogen purge with the variables are mole ratio of sodium hydroxide/glycerol of 1/1 to 1.5/1, reaction temperature of 283.15 to 293.15 K and sodium hydroxide concentration of 15%. Each sample was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the composition of products. The optimum conditions are temperature of 288.15 K and the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide /glycerol of 1.5.
Evaluations of Stochastic Fatigue Crack Growth Models through Experimental Data
Authors: Ni C.C.
Published: November 2016

The study is focused on the comparisons between a polynomial and power-law stochastic fatigue crack growth models through evaluations of experimental data. Both models were assumed that the fatigue crack growth rate equals to a deterministic function in terms of fatigue crack size multiplied by a stationary log-normal random factor. Compact-tension specimens cut from a 2024-T351 aluminum-alloy plate were used for fatigue crack growth experiments under random loads performed on twenty-five specimens. The log-normal probability papers for both models were investigated to show the validity of the log-normal assumption of the random factor . The investigations on the probability of crack exceedance and distribution of random time of the two models were also made, and the comparisons of the results for both models were made as well.
The Fabrication and Microstructure Analysis of Carbon Fiber Composites with Interlaminar Reinforcement
Authors: Yao Yi Yong , Zhao Li Ping , Dou Ru Shan , Tong Zhe
Published: November 2016

This paper adopts a flow-punched technology for laminated composite which combines jet-flow and carbon fiber piercing technology. The jet-flow-based preform forming experiment system is constructed, and jet flow technology is used to prepare the interlaminar reinforced carbon fiber composite materials. The reinforced carbon fiber bundle is shot into the microstructure of the laminated composite in all directions and laminated carbon fiber becomes an entire, and then it is treated by vacuum and curing process. This paper provides a technological approach to improve the quality of the laminated composite preform.
Large Scale Synthesis of Porous Carbon-Nitride Microsphere for Visible Light Harvesting
Authors: Liu Ji , Gong Guo Zhuo , Ding Jie Jin , Zhang Peng , Sheng Hai Tao , Jin Shu Bin , Yang Wen Fen
Published: November 2016

Porous carbon nitride microsphere with dimaters ranging from 2 to 6 micrometers were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition in this work. Electron microscope images of the composite show that they have multiwalled innerstructure, which was built by disorderly stacked g-C3N4 curved layers assembled from nitrogen bridges of pyramidal structure, making them porous surfaced. Their mechanical and optical properties were studied with nanoindenter and UV-VIS spectra. It shows that they have good mechanical properties and, compared to carbon nitride synthesized by solvent method, out carbon nitride composite showed relativly broader light absorption band between 400 nm and 600 nm. Also, its visible light degradation of methyl blue was studied, showing its potential as visible light photocatalytic for water purification.
Coating Thickness Characterization of Composite Materials Using Terahertz Waves
Authors: Im Kwang Hee , Kim Sun Kyu , Hsu David K. , Jung Jong An
Published: November 2016

Recently, terahertz ray imaging has emerged as one of the most promising new powerful nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for the area applications. In this study, a new time-domain spectroscopy system was utilized for measuring the coating thickness on CFRP composite laminates. Extensive experimental measurements in reflection mode were made to map out the T-ray images. Also, the refractive index was estimated based on the electromagnetic properties. The CFRP composite laminates were observed in reflection mode and limitations will be discussed in the T-ray processing. By using these characterized material properties, the characteristics was successfully demonstrated for T-ray behavior propagating through the Shim Stock films for acquiring the refractive index. The T-ray technique has been developed for the measurement of the thickness of the Shim Stock films and the coating thickness on CFRP composites. Good results have been obtained in tests made on the thickness of the standard film samples with the coating thickness ranging from around hundreds of μm.
CD36-Mediated Uptake of Surfactant Lipids by Human Macrophages Promotes Intracellular Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Dodd Claire E. , Pyle Charlie J. , Glowinski Rebecca , Rajaram Murugesan V. S. , Schlesinger Larry S.
Published: November 2016

Mycobacterium tuberculosis imposes a large global health burden as the airborne agent of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been flourishing in human populations for millennia and is therefore highly adapted to the lung environment. Alveolar macrophages, a major host cell niche for M. tuberculosis, are not only phagocytose inhaled microbes and particulate matter but are also crucial in catabolizing lung surfactant, a lipid-protein complex that lines the alveolar spaces. Because macrophage host defense properties can be regulated by surfactant and M. tuberculosis can use host lipids as a carbon source during infection, we sought to determine the receptor(s) involved in surfactant lipid uptake by human macrophages and whether the presence of those lipids within macrophages prior to infection with M. tuberculosis enhances bacterial growth. We show that preformed scavenger receptor CD36 is redistributed to the cell membrane following exposure to surfactant lipids and surfactant protein A. Subsequently, surfactant lipids and/or surfactant protein A enhance CD36 transcript and protein levels. We show that CD36 participates in surfactant lipid uptake by human macrophages, as CD36 knockdown reduces uptake of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the most prevalent surfactant lipid species. Finally, exposing human macrophages to surfactant lipids prior to infection augments M. tuberculosis growth in a CD36-dependent manner. Thus, we provide evidence that CD36 mediates surfactant lipid uptake by human macrophages and that M. tuberculosis exploits this function for growth.
Critical Differences between Induced and Spontaneous Mouse Models of Graves’ Disease with Implications for Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy in Humans
Authors: Rapoport Basil , Banuelos Bianca , Aliesky Holly A. , Hartwig Trier Nicole , McLachlan Sandra M.
Published: November 2016

Graves’ hyperthyroidism, a common autoimmune disease caused by pathogenic autoantibodies to the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR), can be treated but not cured. This single autoantigenic target makes Graves’ disease a prime candidate for Ag-specific immunotherapy. Previously, in an induced mouse model, injecting TSHR A-subunit protein attenuated hyperthyroidism by diverting pathogenic TSHR Abs to a nonfunctional variety. In this study, we explored the possibility of a similar diversion in a mouse model that spontaneously develops pathogenic TSHR autoantibodies, NOD.H2h4 mice with the human (h) TSHR (hTSHR) A-subunit transgene expressed in the thyroid and (shown in this article) the thymus. We hypothesized that such diversion would occur after injection of “inactive” hTSHR A-subunit protein recognized only by nonpathogenic (not pathogenic) TSHR Abs. Surprisingly, rather than attenuating the pre-existing pathogenic TSHR level, in TSHR/NOD.H2h4 mice inactive hTSHR Ag injected without adjuvant enhanced the levels of pathogenic TSH-binding inhibition and thyroid-stimulating Abs, as well as nonpathogenic Abs detected by ELISA. This effect was TSHR specific because spontaneously occurring autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase were unaffected. As controls, nontransgenic NOD.H2h4 mice similarly injected with inactive hTSHR A-subunit protein unexpectedly developed TSHR Abs, but only of the nonpathogenic variety detected by ELISA. Our observations highlight critical differences between induced and spontaneous mouse models of Graves’ disease with implications for potential immunotherapy in humans. In hTSHR/NOD.H2h4 mice with ongoing disease, injecting inactive hTSHR A-subunit protein fails to divert the autoantibody response to a nonpathogenic form. Indeed, such therapy is likely to enhance pathogenic Ab production and exacerbate Graves’ disease in humans.