bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring emotional preoperative stress by an app approach and its applicability to predict postoperative pain
Authors: Schiavo Carolina L. , Borges Rogério B. , Castro Stela M. J. , Wolmeister Anelise S. , de Souza Andressa , Martins Otávio R. S. , Galvão Gabriela S. , Nazario Kahio C. K. , Nickel Fabian J. , Caumo Wolnei , Stefani Luciana C.
Published: February 2022

Background

The Brief Measure of Emotional Preoperative Stress (B-MEPS) was developed to evaluate the preoperative individual vulnerability to emotional stress. To obtain a refined version of B-MEPS suitable for an app approach, this study aimed: (i) to identify items with more discriminant properties; (ii) to classify the level of preoperative emotional stress based on cut-off points; (iii) to assess concurrent validity through correlation with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) score; (iv) to confirm whether the refined version of B-MEPS is an adequate predictive measure for identification of patients prone to intense postoperative pain.

Methods

We include 1016 patients who had undergone surgical procedures in a teaching hospital. The generalized partial credit model of item response theory and latent class model were employed, respectively, to reduce the number of items and to create cut-off points. We applied the CSI and assessed pain by Visual Analog Scale (0–10) and by the amount of postoperative morphine consumption.

Results

The refined B-MEPS shows satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.79). Preoperative emotional stress, according to the cut-off points, is classified into categories: low, intermediate or high stress. The refined B-MEPS exhibited a linear association with the CSI scores (r2 = 0.53, p < 0.01). Patients with higher levels of emotional stress displayed a positive association with moderate to severe pain and greater morphine consumption.

Conclusion

The refined version of B-MEPS, along with an interface of easy applicability, assess emotional vulnerability at the bedside before surgery. This app may support studies focused on intervening with perioperative stress levels.
Transient electromagnetic characteristics of coal seams intruded by magmatic rocks
Authors: Yang Yang , Xiong Bin , Peng Sanxi , Liu Siqin , Chen Hanbo , Zhang Tianyu
Published: February 2022

The intrusion of magmatic rocks into coal seams affects the coal quality and leads to unforeseen hazards in safety of the coal mines’ production. This paper summarizes the mechanism of magmatic rocks intruding into coal seams, depicts the electromagnetic characteristics of the coal seams intruded by magmatic rocks, briefly describes the characteristics of transient electromagnetic method (TEM), and introduces the method of detection by TEM and the data processing steps. Then, the effectiveness of TEM in detecting the ranges of the coal seams intruded by magmatic rocks is theoretically analysed. It is observed that after the intrusion of magmatic rocks in the coal seams, the electromagnetic characteristics (secondary field potential and resistivity) will be dramatically affected, namely high secondary field potential and low resistivity. For experimental verification purposes, this study selects the test project of the Tongxin Minefield in the Datong Coalfield in Shanxi, China as an example, and the accuracy for the detection of the ranges of the coal seams intruded by magmatic rock using TEM is successfully verified.
Exploring factors affecting the facilitation of nursing students to learn paediatric pain management in Rwanda: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Uwimana Philomene , Mukamana Donatilla , Babenko-Mould Yolanda , Adejumo Oluyinka
Published: February 2022

Nurse educators and nurse preceptors play a fundamental role in facilitating nursing students’ acquisition and utilization of professional competencies. Previous studies about key elements for teaching and learning about pain in nursing education programs include students’ personal characteristics and previous experiences; educators’ knowledge, skills, and beliefs; learners’ exposure to leaders in pain education; and curricular pain content and delivery approaches. These studies were mainly carried out in developed countries, with a context of educational and health care systems different from those of developing countries. The current study explores academics’, clinical nurse preceptors’, and nursing students’ perceptions about factors influencing the facilitation of nursing students’ competency for paediatric pain management in Rwanda. A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was used in this study that utilized in-depth interviews with six nurse educators and eight nurse preceptors, and focus group discussions with nineteen senior year nursing students. The study setting included five sites: two academic institutions and three clinical settings. Narratives from participants were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis yielded six themes describing factors that affected the facilitation of students’ learning about paediatric pain management. The themes included student motivation, facilitators’ attributes, collaboration between academics and clinicians, nurses’ limited autonomy for decision-making regarding PPM practices, shortage of human and material resources, and educational qualification. Knowing these factors is essential as it provides an opportunity to design targeted interventions aimed to enhance the capacity of nurse educators and clinical nurse preceptors involved in teaching nursing students about paediatric pain management.
Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 haplotype distribution in early pandemic
Authors: Cairo Andrea , Iorio Marilena V. , Spena Silvia , Tagliabue Elda , Peyvandi Flora
Published: February 2022

The world is experiencing one of the most severe viral outbreaks in the last few years, the pandemic infection by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 disease. As of December 10th 2021, the virus has spread worldwide, with a total number of more than 267 million of confirmed cases (four times more in the last year), and more than 5 million deaths. A great effort has been undertaken to molecularly characterize the virus, track the spreading of different variants across the globe with the aim to understand the potential effects in terms of transmission capability and different fatality rates. Here we focus on the genomic diversity and distribution of the virus in the early stages of the pandemic, to better characterize the origin of COVID-19 and to define the geographical and temporal evolution of genetic clades. By performing a comparative analysis of 75401 SARS-CoV-2 reported sequences (as of December 2020), using as reference the first viral sequence reported in Wuhan in December 2019, we described the existence of 26538 genetic variants, the most frequent clustering into four major clades characterized by a specific geographical distribution. Notably, we found the most frequent variant, the previously reported missense p.Asp614Gly in the S protein, as a single mutation in only three patients, whereas in the large majority of cases it occurs in concomitance with three other variants, suggesting a high linkage and that this variant alone might not provide a significant selective advantage to the virus. Moreover, we evaluated the presence and the distribution in our dataset of the mutations characterizing the so called “british variant”, identified at the beginning of 2021, and observed that 9 out of 17 are present only in few sequences, but never in linkage with each other, suggesting a synergistic effect in this new viral strain. In summary, this is a large-scale analysis of SARS-CoV-2 deposited sequences, with a particular focus on the geographical and temporal evolution of genetic clades in the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic.
Scalable manufacturing platform for the production of methemoglobin as a non-oxygen carrying control material in studies of cell-free hemoglobin solutions
Authors: Gu Xiangming , Hickey Richard , Rath Antara , Palmer Andre F.
Published: February 2022

Methemoglobin (metHb) arises from the oxidation of ferrous hemoglobin (HbFe2+, Hb) to ferric hemoglobin (HbFe3+, metHb), which is unable to bind gaseous ligands such as oxygen (O2) and carbon monoxide (CO), and binds to nitric oxide (NO) significantly slower compared to Hb. Therefore, metHb does not elicit vasoconstriction and systemic hypertension in vivo due to its extremely slow NO scavenging rate in comparison to cell-free Hb, but will induce oxidative tissue injury, demonstrating the potential of using metHb as a control material when studying the toxicity of cell-free Hb. Hence, the goal of this work was to develop a novel manufacturing strategy for production of metHb that is amenable to scale-up. In this study, small scale (e.g. 1 mL reaction volume) screening experiments were initially conducted to determine the optimal molar ratio of Hb to the oxidization agents hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium nitrite (NaNO2) to achieve the highest conversion of Hb into metHb. A spectral deconvolution program was employed to determine the molar fraction of various species (hemichrome, metHb, oxyHb, metHb-NO2−, and NaNO2) in solution during the oxidation reaction. From this analysis, either a 1:1 or 1:5 molar ratio was identified as optimal molar ratios of Hb:NaNO2 (heme basis) that yielded the highest conversion of Hb into metHb with negligible amounts of side products. Hence in order to reduce the reaction time, a 1:5 molar ratio was chosen for large scale (i.e. 1.5 L reaction volume) synthesis of bovine metHb (metbHb) and human metHb (methHb). The biophysical properties of metHb were then characterized to elucidate the potential of using the synthesized metHb as a non-O2 carrying control material. The haptoglobin binding kinetics of metHb were found to be similar to Hb. Additionally, the synthesized metHb was stable in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 50 mM, pH 7.4) at 4°C for approximately one week, indicating the high stability of the material.
Using QRS loop descriptors to characterize the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with structurally normal hearts
Authors: Wu Cheng-I , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Lee I-Hsin , Lo Men-Tzung , Hsieh Yu-Cheng , Chen Amelia Yun-Yu , Wang Wei-Kai , Chang Shih-Lin , Lo Li-Wei , Hu Yu-Feng , Chung Fa-Po , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Chao Tze-Fan , Liao Jo-Nan , Hsieh Wan-Hsin , Chang Ting-Yung , Lin Chin-Yu , Feng An-Ning , How Chorng-Kuang , Chen Shih-Ann
Published: February 2022

The predictive value of non-invasive electrocardiographic examination findings for the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in populations with structurally normal hearts remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the QRS vectorcardiography of surface electrocardiography in patients with structurally normal hearts who experienced SCD. We consecutively enrolled patients who underwent vectorcardiography between March 2017 and December 2018 in a tertiary referral medical center. These patients didn’t have structural heart diseases, histories of congestive heart failure, or reduced ejection fraction, and they were classified into SCD (with aborted SCD history and cerebral performance category score of 1) and control groups (with an intervention for atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia and without SCD history). A total of 162 patients (mean age, 54.3±18.1 years; men, 75.9%), including 59 in the SCD group and 103 in the control group, underwent propensity analysis. The baseline demographic variables, underlying diseases, QRS loop descriptors (the percentage of the loop area, loop dispersion, and inter-lead QRS dispersion), and other electrocardiographic parameters were compared between the two groups. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, a smaller percentage of the loop area (odds ratio, 0.0003; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–0.02; p<0.001), more significant V4-5 dispersion (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.07; p = 0.002), and longer QRS duration (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.10; p = 0.04) were associated with SCD. In conclusion, the QRS loop descriptors of surface electrocardiography could be used as non-invasive markers to identify patients experiencing aborted SCD from a healthy population. A decreased percentage of loop area and elevated V4-5 QRS dispersion values assessed using vectorcardiography were associated with an increased risk of SCD in patients with structurally normal hearts.
Epidemiology and disease burden of androgenetic alopecia in college freshmen in China: A population-based study
Authors: He Fanping , Shen Minxue , Zhao Zhixiang , Liu Yicong , Zhang Shuping , Tang Yan , Xie Hongfu , Chen Xiang , Li Ji
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate the epidemiology and disease burden of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in college freshmen in China.

Methods

This population-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 9227 freshmen of two comprehensive universities in two cities of China (Changsha and Xiamen) from September 2018 to October 2018. Questionnaires covering basic issues, surrounding demographic information, history of diseases, living habits, comorbidities, etc. were completed online in a self-reported manner Dermatological examination was performed by certified dermatologists. The disease burden of AGA, which includes health-related quality of life, symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression and quality of sleep, was measured by EQ-5D-3L, PHQ-2, GAD-2 and PSQI, respectively.

Results

The prevalence of AGA in college freshmen in China was 5.3/1000. Male was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AGA (7.9/1000, P<0.01) while female with lower risk of AGA (OR = 0.29, P = 0.002). There was no significant association between BMI and AGA, nor predilection of AGA in the Han nationality or the other ethnic minorities. Annual household income or parental highest educational level exerted no significant influence on the prevalence of AGA. Rosacea (OR = 3.22, P = 0.019) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of AGA while acne seemed not to be related to AGA. The scores of EQ-5D, GAD-2, PHQ-2 and PSQI were not significantly different between students with and without AGA.

Conclusion

The onset of AGA in Chinese college freshmen differ between genders and was significantly associated with rosacea.
COVID-19 and gender-based violence service provision in the United States
Authors: Sapire Rachel , Ostrowski Jennifer , Maier Malia , Samari Goleen , Bencomo Clarisa , McGovern Terry
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Gender-based violence (GBV) policies and services in the United States (U.S.) have historically been underfunded and siloed from other health services. Soon after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, reports emerged noting increases in GBV and disruption of health services but few studies have empirically investigated these impacts. This study examines how the existing GBV funding and policy landscape, COVID-19, and resulting state policies in the first six months of the pandemic affect GBV health service provision in the U.S.

Methods

This is a mixed method study consisting of 1) an analysis of state-by-state emergency response policies review; 2) a quantitative analysis of a survey of U.S.-based GBV service providers (N = 77); and 3) a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with U.S.-based GBV service providers (N = 11). Respondents spanned a range of organization types, populations served, and states.

Results

Twenty-one states enacted protections for GBV survivors and five states included explicit exemptions from non-essential business closures for GBV service providers. Through the surveys and interviews, GBV service providers note three major themes on COVID-19’s impact on GBV services: reductions in GBV service provision and quality and increased workload, shifts in service utilization, and funding impacts. Findings also indicate GBV inequities were exacerbated for historically underserved groups.

Discussion

The noted disruptions on GBV services from the COVID-19 pandemic overlaid long-term policy and funding limitations that left service providers unprepared for the challenges posed by the pandemic. Future policies, in emergency and non-emergency contexts, should recognize GBV as essential care and ensure comprehensive services for clients, particularly members of historically underserved groups.
Efficacy of a dietary supplement in dogs with osteoarthritis: A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Martello Elisa , Bigliati Mauro , Adami Raffaella , Biasibetti Elena , Bisanzio Donal , Meineri Giorgia , Bruni Natascia
Published: February 2022

This study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial performed to investigate the effects of a dietary supplement containing a mixture of Boswellia serrata Roxb., chlorophyll, green tea extract, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and further in the manuscript: non-hydrolised type II collagen in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA). A total of 40 dogs were enrolled in the study, they were randomly divided in control (CTR) and treatment (TRT) groups. The TRT group received the dietary supplement for 60 days. The CTR group received a placebo for the same number of days. All the subjects had veterinary evaluations during the trial and owners were requested to fill in questionnaires on chronic pain using the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index. The product was easy to administer and no side effects were reported. Combining results from veterinarian and owner evaluations, the tested product proved to be significantly beneficial in alleviating pain and in reducing the clinical signs in dogs with OA.
Growth performance, morphometric of the small intestine, lymphoid organ, and ovary of laying hens supplemented with Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract in drinking water
Authors: Albab L. U. , Claudya T. I. , Oktafianti R. , Salsabila N. , Putri R. D. , Saragih H. T. S. S. G.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Antibiotic, improves the growth performance of laying hens when used as a feed additive; however, it has been banned in Europe. Furthermore, secondary metabolites used as a substitute for antibiotics are compounds produced by plants. Therefore, this aims to determine the effect of dates water extract (DWE) on the performance of laying hens. This study used dates containing secondary metabolites as a feed additive and substitute for antibiotics.

Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was used, dividing 400 Lohmann brown day old chick into five groups (each group has five replications and each replication consisted of 16 laying hens). Furthermore, there were two control groups such as mineral water control group and antibiotic growth promoters (basal feed+50 mg/kg of bacitracin), and three DWE groups such as 5% DWE (50 mg/mL), 10% DWE (100 mg/mL), and 20% DWE (200 mg/mL). Dates extract treatment was administered through drinking water for 54 days, whereby three laying hens from each replication were taken randomly and decapitated on the neck. Afterwards, a necropsy was performed for histological preparations of the small intestine, ovary, and lymphoid organs. The structure and morphology of the small intestine, and ovaries were observed through histological preparations, while lymphoid organs were observed through histological preparation and morphometry, and body morphometry, body weight, feed intake and weight gain were observed by measurements and weighing.

Results: Small intestine morphology, ovarian follicle, and growth performance of the DWE2 group increased significantly compared to the control group, but the lymphoid organs index was influenced by DWE1.

Conclusion: The administration of 10% dates extract (100 mg/mL) in drinking water improves the morphology of the small intestine, ovarian follicles, lymphoid organs, and growth performance.
Film Review - Man from Podolsk (2020)
Authors: Jaśniak Marianna
Published: February 2022

The author of this review describes a film from 2020 "A man from Podolsk", directed by Semyon Serzin that has been displayed during the 15th Sputnik Film Festival in Poland. 
Decolonising the school experience through poetry to foreground truth-telling and cognitive justice
Authors: Manathunga Catherine , Davidow Shelley , Williams Paul , Willis Alison , Raciti Maria , Gilbey Kathryn , Stanton Sue , O’Chin Hope , Chan Alison
Published: February 2022

While attempts to decolonise the school curriculum have been ongoing since the 1970s, the recent Black Lives Matter protests around the world have drawn urgent attention to the vast inequities faced by Black and First Nations peoples and people of colour. Decolonising education and other public institutions has become a front-line public concern around the world. In this article, we argue that poetry offers generative possibilities for the decolonisation of Australian high school (and university) curricula. Inspired by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander approaches to knowledge creation as intergenerational, iterative and intercultural, and by postcolonial and decolonial theories, we explore ways in which poetry events can begin decolonising and diversifying the school curriculum. We suggest that poetry creates spaces for deep listening with the heart (dadirri) that can promote truth-telling about colonial histories and the strengths, achievements and contributions of First Nations Australians. These decolonising efforts underpin the Wandiny (Gathering Together) – Listen With the Heart: Uniting Nations Through Poetry research that we discuss in this article. In these ways, we argue that decolonised curricula create the conditions for cognitive justice in schooling that is an important precursor to other forms of social justice, such as equality, diversity and inclusion.
Production Efficiency of Poultry Small-Scale Laying Hen in Indonesia
Authors: Ilham Nyak , Maulana M , Gunawan E
Published: February 2022

Competitiveness of layer business was determined by the level of efficiency, which was influenced by the level of technology adoption, production costs, and economy of scale. This study was carried out from April to July aim to analyse the performance of small-scale layer poultry farming. The study site was in the layer production centre, namely in Payakumbuh West Sumatera, Blitar East Java and Sidrap South Sulawesi. Primary data were collected through interviews with 50 farmers and 12 poultry shops at all study sites. Analysis of the efficiency level is using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) software and business feasibility using financial analysis. The following were the main research findings: (1) the development of layer farming technology had not been responded well by farmers so that the production level and mortality of chickens were still below standard; (2) relatively, the level of layer poultry farming efficiency in Sidrap and Payakumbuh was better than in Blitar with a value closer to one, where the inefficiency was due to the use of excessive inputs; and (3) small-scale layer poultry farming was financially feasible, where the determining factors were feed and eggs price. The study recommended the need to add both technical service staff from poultry shops and local agricultural extension workers. Feed costs should be reduced by IDR 1,000 in Blitar and IDR 57 di Sidrap per kilogram of eggs produced per period. In addition, an accurate and better allocation of corn for feed was needed to optimise the ratio of feed and egg price optimal.
Quality of Chicken Sausage Fortified with Nano-Calcium Duck Eggshell in Different Vacuum Packaging during Storage at -18C
Authors: Prayitno Agus Hadi , Lorenza Faradinda , Suparmi Suparmi , Naafi’yan Muhamad Hafiidh
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of fortification of duck eggshellnano-calcium and different types of packaging on the quality of chicken sausage. The sausage was made of duck eggshellnano-calcium, chicken fillet, sugar, garlic powder, salt, pepper, tapioca, ice, oil, soy protein isolate, sodium tripolyphosphate, monosodium glutamate, collagen casing, polyethylene, nylon, and retort pouch packaging. Treatment for fortification of duck eggshellnano-calcium was P0 (0%) and P1 (0.3%) of the total dough. Vacuum packaging treatments were K1 (polyethylene), K2 (nylon), and K3 (retort pouch). All chicken sausages were vacuum-packed and stored at -18°C for 0 and 14 days of observation. Parameters tested were water content, pH value, peroxide value, and total plate count. Data collected were analyzed by analysis of variance in a completely randomized design with factorial patterns and if there was a significant difference (P<0.05) then further tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Sausage fortified with duck eggshell nano-calcium with vacuum retort pouch packaging was the best treatment with the lowest peroxide value at day 14 shelf life. Sausage fortified with nano-calcium duck eggshell with vacuum retort pouch packaging at day 14 shelf life had moisture (51.59%), pH value (6.83), peroxide value (64.64 meq O2/kg), and total plate count (3.50 X 103 cfu/g).
Reemplazo de silla por balón de estabilidad mejora fuerza muscular y calidad de vida en trabajadores de oficina: Estudio piloto
Authors: Cigarroa Cuevas Igor Iván , Sarqui Carla , Cárdenas-Molina Katalina , Henríquez-Díaz María los Ángeles , Sepúlveda-Martin Sonia , Zapata-Lamana Rafael
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Determinar si el reemplazo parcial de silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad aumenta la fuerza-resistencia de musculatura extensora de tronco y equilibrio estático, así como mejora la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos que realizan trabajo de oficina. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada, de 18 trabajadores de oficina entre 25 y 55 años. Durante 8 semanas se realizó un reemplazo parcial y progresivo de una silla de oficina por un balón de estabilidad durante las horas de trabajo. Pre y post al reemplazo se evaluó la fuerza-resis tencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco mediante el test clínico Biering Sorensen, el equilibrio estático mediante oscilografía postural y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario de percepción de calidad de vida relacionado con la salud SF-36. Resultados: Se observó una mayor fuerza-resistencia muscular (p=0,003), y un mejor puntaje en las dimensiones rol físico (p=0,041), dolor corporal (p=0,017), salud general (p=0,027), función social (p=0,017), rol emocional (p=0,043) y salud mental (p=0,036). Conclusiones: El reemplazo parcial y progresivo de la silla de oficina por un balón de es tabilidad durante 8 semanas aumentó la fuerza-resistencia de la musculatura extensora de tronco y mejoró la percepción de calidad de vida en trabajadores de oficina.
Desenlace de craniectomía descompresiva primaria y secundaria en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo en la Clínica Universidad de la Sabana
Authors: González Gómez Martina , Mendoza Rodríguez William , González Iván , Muñoz Rodríguez Erik , Guarín Villabón Carolina , Uriza Sinisterra Gustavo , Carreño Rodríguez José Nel , Páez Rodríguez Adriana , Ghotme Kemel A.
Published: February 2022

Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el desenlace en el egreso y en el seguimiento a un año de los pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva primaria y secundaria en la Clínica de la Universidad de La Sabana, en un periodo de cinco años. Pacientes y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva entre 2008 y 2013. Los desenlaces primarios fueron la sobrevida y el estado funcional medido por la es cala de desenlace de Glasgow al momento del egreso hospitalario y al año de seguimiento. Como desenlaces secundarios se incluyeron el tiempo de latencia para la realización de la craniectomía, las complicaciones intra- y postoperatorias, días de hospitalización y estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, tiempo de ventilación, resultados de la craneoplastia y causa de muerte. Resultados: Treinta y cinco pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo fueron someti dos a craniectomía descompresiva en el periodo de estudio, 29 primarias y 6 secundarias, con una latencia mediana de 5 horas y 57 horas, respectivamente. Se observó una sobrevida del 51,4 % de los pacientes, de los cuales 39 % presentó recuperación funcional satisfactoria en la escala de desenlace de Glasgow en el momento del egreso y al año. Conclusiones: En este grupo de pacientes sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva prima ria o secundaria, junto con un manejo interdisciplinario y rehabilitación precoz, se presen taron desenlaces funcionales favorables en el seguimiento a largo plazo.
The Effect of Travel Personnel Knowledge on Compliance Levels With Covid -19 Health Protocols During the 14-Day Mandiri Isolation Period in Malaka District
Authors: Fahik Paskalia Frida , Roga Anderias Umbu , Ratu Jacob M. , Nalle Agus A. , Lada Christina Olly
Published: February 2022

The traveler from outside Malacca Regency carried out independent isolation for 14 days by implementing the COVID-19 health protocol, namely washing hands with soap under running water, wearing masks, maintaining distance, not crowding.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the knowledge of travelers on the level of compliance with the COVID-19 health protocol, using a quantitative analytical research approach or method with a cross sectional study approach. The object of research is the knowledge of travelers in Wehali village, Central Malaka District, which was carried out in December 2020 by filling out a validated questionnaire. The population in the study was 58 respondents, the variables in this study were 2, namely the independent variable was the knowledge of the traveler and the dependent variable was adherence to the COVID-19 health protocol.
Report from the HarmoSter study: impact of calibration on comparability of LC-MS/MS measurement of circulating cortisol, 17OH-progesterone and aldosterone
Authors: Fanelli Flaminia , Cantù Marco , Temchenko Anastasia , Mezzullo Marco , Lindner Johanna M. , Peitzsch Mirko , Hawley James M. , Bruce Stephen , Binz Pierre-Alain , Ackermans Mariette T. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Van den Ouweland Jody , Koeppl Daniel , Nardi Elena , MacKenzie Finlay , Rauh Manfred , Eisenhofer Graeme , Keevil Brian G. , Vogeser Michael , Pagotto Uberto
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is recommended for measuring circulating steroids. However, assays display technical heterogeneity. So far, reproducibility of corticosteroid LC-MS/MS measurements has received scant attention. The aim of the study was to compare LC-MS/MS measurements of cortisol, 17OH-progesterone and aldosterone from nine European centers and assess performance according to external quality assessment (EQA) materials and calibration.

Methods

Seventy-eight patient samples, EQA materials and two commercial calibration sets were measured twice by laboratory-specific procedures. Results were obtained by in-house (CAL1) and external calibrations (CAL2 and CAL3). We evaluated intra and inter-laboratory imprecision, correlation and agreement in patient samples, and trueness, bias and commutability in EQA materials.

Results

Using CAL1, intra-laboratory CVs ranged between 2.8–7.4%, 4.4–18.0% and 5.2–22.2%, for cortisol, 17OH-progesterone and aldosterone, respectively. Trueness and bias in EQA materials were mostly acceptable, however, inappropriate commutability and target value assignment were highlighted in some cases. CAL2 showed suboptimal accuracy. Median inter-laboratory CVs for cortisol, 17OH-progesterone and aldosterone were 4.9, 11.8 and 13.8% with CAL1 and 3.6, 10.3 and 8.6% with CAL3 (all p<0.001), respectively. Using CAL1, median bias vs. all laboratory-medians ranged from −6.6 to 6.9%, −17.2 to 7.8% and −12.0 to 16.8% for cortisol, 17OH-progesterone and aldosterone, respectively. Regression lines significantly deviated from the best fit for most laboratories. Using CAL3 improved cortisol and 17OH-progesterone between-method bias and correlation.

Conclusions

Intra-laboratory imprecision and performance with EQA materials were variable. Inter-laboratory performance was mostly within specifications. Although residual variability persists, adopting common traceable calibrators and RMP-determined EQA materials is beneficial for standardization of LC-MS/MS steroid measurements.
The Hilbert–Schinzel specialization property
Authors: Bodin Arnaud , Dèbes Pierre , König Joachim , Najib Salah
Published: February 2022

We establish a version “over the ring” of
the celebrated Hilbert Irreducibility Theorem. Given finitely many polynomials in

k
+
n

{k+n}

variables,
with coefficients in

ℤ

{\mathbb{Z}}

, of positive degree in the last n variables, we show that if they are irreducible over

ℤ

{\mathbb{Z}}

and satisfy a necessary “Schinzel condition”, then the first k variables can be specialized in a Zariski-dense subset of

ℤ
k

{\mathbb{Z}^{k}}

in such a way that irreducibility over

ℤ

{\mathbb{Z}}

is preserved
for the polynomials in the remaining n variables. The Schinzel condition, which comes from the Schinzel Hypothesis, is that, when specializing the first k variables in

ℤ
k

{\mathbb{Z}^{k}}

, the product of the polynomials should not always be divisible by some common prime number. Our result also improves on a “coprime” version of the Schinzel Hypothesis: under some Schinzel condition, coprime polynomials
assume coprime values.
We prove our results over many other rings than

ℤ

{\mathbb{Z}}

, e.g. UFDs and Dedekind domains.
Experimental Analysis of the Interaction of “Hot” and “Cold” Volume Elements during Thermal Fatigue of a Cooled Component Made from AISI 3161 Steel
Authors: Beck Tilmann , Lang Karl-Heinz , Vöhringer Otmar , Löhe Detlef
Published: February 2022

Start-stop and load change procedures of combustion engines result in inhomogenous and instationary temperature fields, which induce cyclic mechanical loadings, e. g., in solid and cooled turbine blades and vanes. The present study shows results of so-called “complex thermal-mechanical fatigue” (CTMF) tests carried out with a two specimen testing system in order to simulate the interaction of the “hot” outer and the “cold” inner side of a cooled turbine blade. The test samples were made from the austenitic steel AISI 316 L. Specimen 1 represents the “hot” and specimen 2 the “cold” side of the blade, respectively. Both specimens were loaded by individual thermal cycles with closed loop control of the temperature. The mechanical interaction of the “hot” and the “cold” side was simulated by keeping the total strains of both specimes at identical values and keeping the sum of the forces at a value of zero at every moment throughout the tests. The results are discussed on the background of the microstructures resulting from the individual loadings of specimen 1 and 2.
Ein einfaches Modell für die Kinetik der Rekristallisation
Authors: Stüwe Hein Peter
Published: February 2022

Ein stark vereinfachtes Modell für die Kinetik der Rekristallisation wird vorgestellt und mit der Avrami-Gleichung verglichen.
Elevated Temperature Deformation of P/M Dispersion - Strengthened Copper and Aluminium
Authors: Upadhyaya G. S.
Published: February 2022

Paper deals with the low cost route of the preparation of SiC/Si3N4 nanocomposite. It is shown that SiC nanoinclusions distributed within the Si3N4 matrix can be produced by carbothermal reduction of fine SiO2 particles added into a starting mixture. The amount of SiC nanoinclusions can be adjusted by the appropriate amount of SiO2 + C additives. Almost full density of the final composite was achieved by hot-pressing at 1750 °C using a “special” heating regime allowing the outgasing of CO as a product of carbothermal reduction.
“Order-order” relaxations in intermetallics
Authors: Kozubski Rafał , Kozłowski Mirosław , Pierron-Bohnes Véronique , Pfeiler Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

“Order-order” relaxation processes in high-temperature intermetallics occur after an abrupt change of temperature and are controlled by atomic migration in the almost perfect
superstructure. The related experiments were carried out using systems being of technological interest and representing three common types of superstructures: L12 (Ni3Albased quasi-binaries), L10 (FePd, FePt) and B2 (NiAl, FeAl). The corresponding Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of “Order-order” kinetics involving the Glauber dynamics implemented with vacancy mechanism for atomic jumps were performed. The studies indicate a crucial role of antisite-easy-diffusion channels offered by particular superstructures in determining the character of “Order-order” processes and their relationship to steady-state self-diffusion. Specific mechanisms of the relaxations in triple-defect B2-ordered binaries are discussed.
Similarity considerations on the simulation of turning processes of steels
Authors: Delonnoy Lionel , Hochrainer Thomas , Schulze Volker , Löhe Detlef , Gumbsch Peter
Published: February 2022

In order to investigate size effects occurring in the miniaturization of turning processes a complete dimensional analysis using a materials model for high-speed deformation was performed. The derived dimensionless similarity numbers were used to guide the parameter variation in simplified two-dimensional finite-element simulations for orthogonal cutting. The rate-dependent material model leads to size effects like an increase of the specific cutting force while reducing the cutting depth. A counter-intuitive dependence of the cutting force on cutting velocity is explained using a shear-plane model. The derived dependencies on single input parameters are used to predict output values while simultaneously changing several input parameters.
Local texture and back-end defect in hot extruded AZ91 magnesium alloy
Authors: Schwarzer Robert A.
Published: February 2022

Local texture in hot extruded MgAl9Zn1 alloy has been studied using individual grain orientation measurement (BKD, “Automated EBSD”) in the SEM. In the shaft of a partial extrudate through a circular die orifice, a <0001> ring fiber texture has formed which continuously changes into a spiral fiber texture in the bottom neck. The flow tube of the internal back-end extrusion defect has a distinctly different texture whereby the (0002) lattice planes are preferentially aligned parallel to the radial and the extrusion directions. The formation of this texture is explained by basal glide, the pile-up of the hard billet mantle, and the inhomo-geneous metal flow during the extrusion process.
A comparison of thermal stability in nanocrystalline Ni- and Co-based materials
Authors: Silva Melina da , Klement Uta
Published: February 2022

In this paper the microstructural development upon annealing of nanocrystalline Ni- and Co-based electrodeposits is described. New investigations on Ni, Ni – Fe, and Co–P are compared with previous results on Ni, Co, and Ni –P in terms of microstructural changes and stabilizing mechanisms. The conclusions are: pure nanocrystalline Ni and Co are stabilized by impurities in the grain boundaries. In the case of Co, also an allotropic phase transformation influences the occurrence of abnormal grain growth. Alloying and/or adding solutes is found to increase thermal stability. While in Ni-20 at.% Fe the ordering transformation is expected to be the reason for stabilization, in strongly segregating systems (Ni –P and Co–P) the stabilizing effect is the decrease in grain boundary energy due to solute segregation. After precipitation, Zener pinning still hinders grain boundary migration, but not sufficient to stabilize the nanocrystalline structure.
Correlation between the average composition of coherent superlattice and the GMR properties of electrodeposited Co–Cu/Cu multilayers
Authors: Cziráki Ágnes , Tichy Géza
Published: February 2022

In contrast to vacuum-deposited Co/Cu multilayers the electrodeposited ones do not exhibit any oscillation behaviour in magnetic resistance properties as a function of the thickness of non-magnetic Cu layers. According to the magnetic investigations they show ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic character as a consequence of the lack of antiparallel coupling of neighbouring magnetic layers. Magnetic resistance observed on electrodeposited Co– Cu/Cu multilayers is believed to originate from the randomly antiparallel oriented magnetic domains. In the present paper the evolution of magnetic resistance properties is studied against the average Cu concentration of multilayers prepared under a Cu deposition potential of –0.25 and – 0.62 V, and the best magnetic resistance properties were found in the films with composition of 52% and 60% Cu, respectively. The average concentration was determined by electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction measurements.
X-ray elastic constants determined by the combination of sin2
ψ and substrate-curvature methods
Authors: Eiper Ernst , Martinschitz Klaus J. , Gerlach Jürgen W. , Lackner Jürgen M. , Zizak Ivo , Darowski Nora , Keckes Jozef
Published: February 2022

A new methodology is presented that allows the quantification of experimental X-ray elastic constants of polycrystalline thin films without use of special diffractometer attachments. The approach is based on the combination of sin2
ψ and curvature methods. The elastic strains in the polycrystalline films are characterized by the measurement of lattice spacings at different sample tilt angles, while the macroscopic stress in the film is calculated from the substrate curvature applying the Stoney formula. The radius of the curvature is determined from a sequence of rocking curves measured at different sample positions. The method is demonstrated on Al thin films deposited on Si(100) substrates. The X-ray diffraction measurements were performed at the synchrotron source BESSY in Berlin.
Unlocking approximation for in-memory computing with Cartesian genetic programming and computer algebra for arithmetic circuits
Authors: Froehlich Saman , Drechsler Rolf
Published: February 2022

With ReRAM being a non-volative memory technology, which features low power consumption, high scalability and allows for in-memory computing, it is a promising candidate for future computer architectures. Approximate computing is a design paradigm, which aims at reducing the complexity of hardware by trading off accuracy for area and/or delay.

In this article, we introduce approximate computing techniques to in-memory computing. We extend existing compilation techniques for theProgrammable Logic in-Memory(PLiM) computer architecture, by adapting state-of-the-art approximate computing techniques for arithmetic circuits. We use Cartesian Genetic Programming for the generation of approximate circuits and evaluate them using a Symbolic Computer Algebra-based technique with respect to error-metrics. In our experiments, we show that we can outperform state-of-the-art handcrafted approximate adder designs.
Compound motion detection based on OAM interferometry
Authors: Ren Yuan , Qiu Song , Liu Tong , Liu Zhengliang
Published: February 2022

The simultaneous and independent measurement of multiple movement forms is a significant issue to be solved in research. In this paper, we proposed a method that combines the self-interference of conjugated optical vortices and external interference of plane waves, and successfully realize the independent measurement of both rotation and rectilinear motion. Three kinds of interference schemes based on vortex beams are analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. The results show that the double interference between conjugated optical vortices and Gaussian beam can detect the motion along and perpendicular to the beam propagation direction even under complex motion background, providing a powerful way to detect the multiple movement forms of a target. Our work may pave a new way for the detection of spatial noncooperative targets and stimulate the invention of new detection equipment.
The crystal structure of poly[μ2-aqua- aqua-(μ3-(E)-2-(4-((2-carbamothioylhydrazineylidene)methyl)phenoxy)acetato-κ3
O:S:S)sodium(I)], C10H14N3O5SNa
Authors: Tai Xi-Shi , Wang Li-Hua , Xia Yu-Pei
Published: February 2022

C10H14N3O5SNa, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.7015(5) Å, b = 7.5656(5) Å, c = 14.1332(8) Å, β = 93.159(5)°, V = 654.71(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0357, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0872, T = 273 K.
Simple models for tensile modulus of shape memory polymer nanocomposites at ambient temperature
Authors: Molaabasi Fatemeh , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the tensile modulus of shape memory polymer nanocomposites (SMPNs) at ambient temperature. Several conventional models, such as rule of mixtures, Halpin–Tsai and Kerner–Nielsen, cannot practically estimate the modulus due to the absence of some main parameters for nanocomposites. Additionally, some parameters in Kerner–Nielsen and Sato–Furukawa models are useless and ineffective, due to the small concentration and high modulus of nanofillers in SMPNs. Therefore, Kerner–Nielsen and Sato–Furukawa models are simplified and modified to deliver the simple models for calculation of modulus in SMPNs. Various nanocomposite samples are provided to prove the validity of the suggested models. The results demonstrate that the predictions of the suggested models have a good match with the experimental results. The models also demonstrate high simplicity and good accuracy for the calculation of modulus in SMPNs at ambient temperature. Generally, the calculated results disclose that the modified Kerner–Nielsen model is preferable for approximation of modulus in SMPNs.
Was ist Modern Monetary Theory?
Authors: Ehnts Dirk , Höfgen Maurice
Published: February 2022

Die Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) ist nicht zuletzt durch die hohen Defizite und Staatsschulden in der Folge der Corona-Pandemie populär geworden. In diesem Beitrag erklären wir die empirische Theorie, die vor allem die Funktionsweise des Geldsystems beschreibt. Die MMT macht deutlich, dass staatliche Ausgaben nicht „finanziert“ werden können, weder durch Steuern noch durch Staatsanleihen. Sämtliche Zahlungen erfolgen vielmehr durch das Kreditieren eines Kontos einer Bank bei der jeweiligen Zentralbank. Die Zentralbanken agieren als Hausbank des Staates – auch in der Eurozone. Politische Regeln können die Staatsausgaben zwar beschränken, doch ist der Staat als Schöpfer des Geldes maßgeblich für die Höhe der Beschäftigung verantwortlich und kann mit einer Jobgarantie Vollbeschäftigung erreichen.
Models as signs of the imaginary: Peirce, Pierce, Langer, and the non-discursive sign
Authors: West Joel
Published: February 2022

It is common for us to see models as exemplars of things that exist. Models, instead, are merely Peircean indexes, in that they only point to their objects, objects which may in themselves not exist. This is to say that these examples may only exist as thoughts that point to other thoughts or even ideas that point to objects that may not exist because they are paradoxical.
The use of clarificatory metaphors in argumentative discourse in British Public Bill Committee debates
Authors: Renardel de Lavalette Kiki Y. , Andone Corina , Steen Gerard J.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we aim to explain how metaphors can be employed for clarificatory purposes in British parliamentary debates. These debates typically involve an exchange of arguments concerning complex issues, which more often than not may require clarification. In clarifying something complex, metaphors are often employed in which an unfamiliar and abstract concept is compared to a more familiar and concrete concept. Because the choice of metaphor affects how an issue is understood and reasoned about, discussants may wish to oppose such a metaphor to avoid biased conceptions or even misunderstandings of the issue under discussion. We present a number of cases in which metaphors used for clarificatory purposes are opposed in a British Public Bill Committee debate on the Digital Economy Bill. Our analyses uncover which metaphors are used for clarificatory purposes, to what extent these clarificatory metaphors contribute to furthering the resolution of a debate on the acceptability of legislative proposals, and what consequences opposing such metaphors may have on the continuation of the debate.