bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Zinc Oxide on Rheology of Thermosensitive Gel Developed for Periodontitis Treatment
Authors: Mahadlek J. , Charoenteeraboon J. , Choopun Supab , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: January 2010

Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss, therefore a more recent approach such as thermosensitive gel is loaded with antimicrobial drugs to be delivered locally to the periodontal pocket. The effect of ZnO on thermosensitive gel properties including gelation-gel melting temperature, rheology, syringeability, and the release behavior of antimicrobial drug such as doxycycline hyclate were investigated. The increased amount of ZnO apparently decreased the gelation temperature of the Lutrol® F127 system. Syringeability of the doxycycline hyclate-Lutrol® F127 systems were increased with the increased amount of ZnO. System comprising zinc oxide could prolong the release of doxycycline hyclate from Lutrol F127 systems and could be delivered from a syringe through a needle for utilizing in periodontitis therapy at the periodontal pocket.
Polymer Substrates for Flexible Electronics: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Yakimets Iryna , MacKerron Duncan , Giesen Peter , Kilmartin Keith J. , Goorhuis Marloes , Meinders Erwin , MacDonald William A.
Published: January 2010

Flexible electronics technology can potentially result in many compelling applications
not satisfied by the rigid Si-based conventional electronics. Commercially available foils such as
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) have emerged as the most
suitable polymer materials for wide range of flexible electronics applications. Despite the enormous
progress which has been recently done on the optimization of physical and mechanical properties of
PET and PEN foils, their dimensional stability at the micro-scale is still an issue during patterning
of wiring by means of lithography. Consequently, the measurement of in-plane micro-deformation
of foil is of great importance for understanding and predicting its thermal, hydroscopic and
mechanical behaviour during processing.
Thermo- and Photo-Degradation of LDPE and PP Films Using Metal Oxides as Catalysts
Authors: Shawaphun Sarinya , Manangan Thara , Wacharawichanant Sirirat
Published: January 2010

Degradation of LDPE and PP films using the photo sensitive metal oxides or pro-oxidants (e.g. Fe2O3, CuxO, ZnO, and TiO2 at various particle sizes) as the catalysts in both thermo- and photo-oxidation of plastic films with oxygen followed by photolytic process to give free radicals has been studied. Our preliminary study in hexane solution found that the carbonyl index (CI) increased under the shortwave ultraviolet (254nm) significantly greater than under the longer wave (366nm) due to its greater energy and highly absorbed by the pro-oxidants generating more free radical concentration which could then be photolysed into carbonyl compounds. The pro-oxidant blended PE and PP films under ultraviolet (254nm) irradiation showed the carbonyl index elevation at the beginning and then reducing to a constant level similarly in most cases. This probably suggested that the carbonyl primarily formed and degraded into other free radicals. Under shortwave ultraviolet irradiation for 72 hours, the LDPE films containing nano-sized rutile-TiO2 and nano-sized anatase-TiO2 (1%w/w) were able to reduce the film tensile strength by 32% and 55%, respectively. The film containing micron-sized commercial TiO2 lower the film tensile strength only by 7-10%. However, the tensile strength of the TiO2 blended PP films tends to increase possibly because the rate of cross linkage exceeds the rate of scission.
Physical Properties of Sr3Fe2-xCoxO7-δ (x = 0 - 1.0) as SOFC Anode
Authors: Sittipon Palin , Kuharuangrong Sutin
Published: January 2010

The Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) compounds, Sr3Fe2O7-δ, RP n = 2, were synthesized by citrate gel method. Co was selected as dopant and substituted on Fe-site. Thermal decomposition behaviour and phase analysis of Sr3Fe2-xCoxO7-δ (x = 0 - 1.0) were characterized using Simultaneous TGA-DTA analyzer (STA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The result showed a single phase obtained from the doped compositions after calcination at 1200°C. The microstructure of sintered compositions characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed the porous structure as a requirement for anode material. The highest electrical conductivity in this work was obtained from Sr3FeCoO7-δ. The oxidation states of Co in Sr3Fe2-xCoxO7-δ compositions investigated by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) technique were found to be +2 and +3 due to the Co K-edge energies existing between these of Co2+ and Co3+.
The Effect of Quartz Nano-Particles on the Damage Monitoring of Adhesive Joint at Cryogenic Temperature
Authors: Yoon S.H. , Kim B.J. , Lee K.H. , Lee D.G.
Published: January 2010

Recently, a piezoelectric method using piezoelectric characteristics of epoxy adhesives has been successfully developed for the adhesive joints, which can monitor continuously the damage of adhesively bonded structures without producing any defect induced by inserting a sensor. However, due to low piezoelectric properties of epoxy adhesives, the detection of micro crack was impossible. At the cryogenic temperature, the detection of micro crack is important to estimate the fatigue life because the polymeric adhesives become very brittle. Therefore, in this work, the epoxy adhesive was modified by quartz nano-particles which have much higher piezoelectric properties than the epoxy adhesives. To investigate the effects of quartz nano-particles, the static and dynamic tests of the tubular adhesive joints were performed to compare the joint strength and sensitivity of damage monitoring performance. From the experiment result, it was found that the quartz nano-particles not only improved the joint strength but also increased the sensitivity of damage monitoring performance at cryogenic temperature.
Morphology and Structure of Modified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose Fibre
Authors: Ouajai Sirisart , Ruangwilairat Peerachai , Ongwongsakul Kitti , Leejarkpai Thanawadee , Shanks Robert A.
Published: January 2010

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) cellulose fibre has been widely used as a reinforcing filler in polymer composites. Surface modification of OPEFB fibre was aimed enhancing inter-phase adhesion with a poly(lactic acid) matrix. In this study, the OPEFB fibres were pre-treated in a sodium hydroxide solution. Surface compositions and thermal stability of the fibres were studied using ATR-FTIR and TGA techniques, respectively. The pre-treatment resulted in the removal of non-cellulosic components leaving purer fibres. In addition, an acetylation of OPEFB cellulose fibres by acetic anhydride was conducted under solvent free condition at room temperature (30 °C). The acetylation reaction was catalyzed by iodine. The degree of substitution monitored by solid state 13C NMR depended upon reaction time and molar ratio of OPEFB cellulose and acetic anhydride. Crystalline structure and morphology of the partial acetylated fibres were investigated using WAXD and SEM, respectively.
Titanium Dioxide Powder Prepared by a Low Temperature Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Pookmanee Pusit , Kuntatun Tarika , Kangwansupamonkon Wiyong , Phanichphant Sukon
Published: January 2010

Titanium dioxide powder was prepared by a low temperature hydrothermal method. Titanium isopropoxide, ammonium hydroxide and nitric acid were used as the starting precursors. The mixed solution with final pH of 1 was treated in the autoclave hydrothermal at 80-100 °C for 2-4h. The phase of titanium dioxide powder was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Anatase and rutile structure were obtained at 80 °C for 2-4h without calcination step. Anatase structure was obtained at 100 °C for 2-4h without calcination step. The morphology of titanium dioxide powder was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle was irregular in shape and agglomerated with the range particle size of 0.5-0.8 µm. The chemical composition of titanium dioxide powder was examined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).The element chemical compositions show the characteristic X-ray energy level as follows: titanium Kα = 4.51 keV and Kβ = 4.93 keV and oxygen Kα = 0.52 keV, respectively.
Cure Characteristic and Mechanical Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber/Chloroprene (ENR/CR) Blends
Authors: Thongpin Chanchai , Niltui Piyaporn , Sornwaneenawakhun Piyapong , Maneeprom Tossaporn , Malithong Saovaros , Wimolmala E.
Published: January 2010

Epoxidized Natural rubber (ENR) with the epoxide content of 40 % was prepared and blended with various contents of chloroprene rubber (CR) and 50 phr of carbon black. The cure characteristic, mechanical properties and the effect of gasohol E-85 on the mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizate were studied. It was revealed from cure characteristic results, tested by Moving Die Rheometer (MDR), that minimum torque of the rubber compounds increased with the content of CR whereas maximum torque tended to increase at the content of 10 phr and decrease after this content, of which the values agreed well with the modulus at 100% elongation in rubber vulcanizates. Considering characteristic scorch and cure time, the values increased with the CR contents. It was clear from the result that at the ENR:CR ratio of 90:10, modulus of 100% elongation and tear strength exhibited the highest values. It was also found that the mechanical properties of the blend vulcanizates were slightly suffered by gasohol E85 except for tear strength. It was understood that this must be because of the effect of the phase continuity and crosslinking that occurred differently in two phases. The phase morphology of the blends were also investigated and reported in the research.
The Modification of Asphalt Emulsion Using Pre-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex for Highway Application
Authors: Malithong Saovaros , Thongpin Chanchai
Published: January 2010

Asphalt emulsion is manufactured by emulsification of asphalt, and it is an energy-saving, ecologically safe material because it does not need any heating processes which can emit gas and fire hazard in its use. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the feasibility on using pre-vulcanized natural rubber latex as an admixture for asphalt emulsion in order to improve thermal stability and useful mechanical properties of the asphalt emulsion. The crosslink density was determined by swell ratio. The effect of vulcanizing agent on residue properties of modified asphalt emulsions was studied. The morphology properties of the modified asphalt were also investigated by using an optical microscope. The results showed that asphalt emulsion which was modified using pre-vulcanized NR latex could provide a standard asphalt emulsion and applicable for highway construction application. The mechanical and physical properties of the dried asphalt emulsion were also very well modified by the vulcanized rubber phase. The residue properties of modified asphalt with natural rubber and pre-vulcanized natural rubber latex, including softening point and penetration was improved. The increase in vulcanizing agent could also increase softening point. At low polymer contents, the samples reveal the existence of dispersed polymer particles in a continuous bitumen phase, whereas at high polymer contents a continuous polymer phase was observed.
Product of Spray Dried Rice Starch (Era-Tab®) and its Utilization in Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Vongsurakrai Varatus , Varavinit Saiyavit
Published: January 2010

Spray dried rice starch (SDRS ) (Era-Tab ®)was prepared by spray drying of rice starch at a suitable condition. Scanning electron microscope revealed that particle of SDRS was spherical and made up entirely agglomerates of rice starch grains. Tablet properties of SDRS were studied and compared with those of three commercially available direct compression fillers. Hardness, friability, and disintegration of the tablets were evaluated. It was found that SDRS was inferior to only one of them. Segregation tendency of direct compression formulation containing SDRS as a major component was tested. A blend of propranolol hydrochloride and SDRS was tableted on an rotary tablet press. Dissolution and drug content were evaluated. The results indicated that segregation did not occur over a two-hour period. To demonstrate the uniform distribution of low-dose drug, a mixture of SDRS and chlorpheniramine maleate were prepared at 4% of the drug. The tablets were assayed for the content uniformity and found to be excellent. Since direct compression process avoided the use of heat and moisture which were normally employed in wet granulation process, aspirin which was a heat and moisture sensitive drug was formulated with the use of SDRS. The tablets obtained were found to be satisfactory. Therefore, it was concluded that it could be employed successfully as a filler in direct compression tableting
Effect of Nano Silicon Dioxide on Tablet Properties of Rice Starch
Authors: Vongsurakrai Varatus , Varavinit Saiyavit
Published: January 2010

Starch-colloidal silicon dioxide mixtures (Era-Tab SP® ) was prepared by co-spray drying and dry mixing methods and the flow ability and tablet properties of both methods were compared in particular with spray dried rice starch (SNR) alone. In co-spray drying, various percentages of rice starch and colloidal silicon dioxide blends were suspended in distilled water and subjected to spray dryer. The dry mixing method was obtained by blending of the colloidal silicon dioxide and spray dried rice starch at various percentages. It was found that co-spray drying of starch-colloidal silicon dioxide mixtures improved flow ability by reducing of the frictional forces between the granules greater than the dry mixing method. SEM micrographs presented the depositions of colloidal silicon dioxide on the surface of agglomerated starch granules obtained from both methods. The addition of colloidal silicon dioxide increased the tensile strength of the compressed tablet especially via the co-spray drying method by increasing the interaction of hydrogen bonding inside the tablet. Moreover, the co-spray drying method also reduced the friability and the disintegration time of the tablets better than the dry mixing method.
Influence of Octenyl Succinate Rice Starch (NurtureCare®) on Rheological Properties of Gelatinized Rice Starch before and after Retrogradation
Authors: Vongsurakrai Varatus , Varavinit Saiyavit
Published: January 2010

Steady-shear rheological properties, including the consistency index from the power law, the yield stress and Casson plastic viscosity from the Casson’s model were
employed in the study of retrogradation of native rice starch, octenyl succinate (OS)
rice starch (NurtureCare® )and blends containing up to 80% OS rice starch. After cold storage at 4 oC for 24 h, presence of OS rice starch reduced retrogradation of rice starch mixtures as indicated by reduction of measured retrogradation parameters based on the three
abovementioned rheological properties.
Gamma-Rays Absorption Studies of PbO-SiO2 Glass System
Authors: Chanthima N. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Chewpraditkul Weerapong , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: January 2010

Mass attenuation coefficient, total interaction cross-section and effective atomic number of xPbO:(100-x)SiO2, where 30 x 70 (% weight), glass system have been investigated at 662 keV on the basis of the mixture rule. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical values, calculated by WinXCom. The mass attenuation coefficient increases with PbO content, due to higher probability of photoelectric absorption in glass. However, Compton scattering gives dominant contribution to the total mass attenuation coefficient for the glass samples studied. The shielding properties of the glass samples are also better than ordinary shielding concretes and commercial window glasses. These results indicate that the glass systems prepared in this study has a potential to be used as radiation shielding materials.
Preparation of Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation on Copper Target in Distilled Water
Authors: Aye Htain Lin , Choopun Supab , Chairuangsri Torranin
Published: January 2010

Preparation of nanoparticles by pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser ablation on copper target submerged in distilled water has been studied. Effects of pulse power and liquid height were investigated. Colloidal nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The concentration of nanoparticles was increased with the pulse power at a particular liquid height or volume. The size of nanoparticles related complicatedly to both parameters. The optimum conditions were the pulse power of 80 W and the liquid height of 3-4 mm. The obtained mean particle size was 20-37 nm, having the maximum UV-Vis absorption wavelength at 617-630 nm. The colloids contained mainly copper oxide nanoparticles.
Photon Interaction in Borate Glass System Containing Bi2O3, PbO and BaO at 60 keV: Theoretical Calculation
Authors: Kirdsiri Keerati , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Chewpraditkul Weerapong , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: January 2010

Mass attenuation coefficients and partial photon interactions have been calculated theoretically at photon energy 60 keV for Bi2O3, PbO and BaO in xRmOn:(100-x)B2O3 glass system, when 30  x  70 (by %weight) using WinXCom. The values of these parameters have been found to significantly change with increasing of RmOn concentration. The variations of mass attenuation coefficients, photoelectric absorption, and coherent scattering were increased, whereas Compton scattering decreased along with increasing composition of glass samples. Those variations are due to photoelectric effect is the dominant interaction in low photon energy region. The use of mass attenuation coefficients to determine effective atomic numbers are also discuss, which found to be increase with the concentration of glass samples. This result reflecting the possibility to use bismuth and barium replaces lead for development of lead-free radiation protecting glass at appropriated photon energy, for leave non-toxically impact to our environment.
Effect of 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-g-Rice Husk Silica on Flame Retardant of ABS/Organomontmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Boonkrai Sirilak , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: January 2010

This work focused on an improvement of flame retardant properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) by varying amount of silica and organomontmorillonite (OMT). The silica was extracted from agricultural waste such as rice husk by chemical treatment. The obtained silica was characterized by SEM-EDX, XRF, FTIR, laser particle size analysis, and surface area analysis. After that, the rice husk silica (RHS) was surface-modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AMMO) before blending with ABS and OMT at various ratios by melt blending technique using twin-screw extruder. The effect of silane coupling agent on flammability properties of ABS nanocomposites was studied. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by TEM to examine the dispersibility of OMT and AMMO-g-RHS in ABS matrix. The flammability properties were evaluated by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values and UL-94 classes. The TEM results revealed that the ABS/OMT/AMMO-g-RHS nanocomposites were a kind of exfoliated structure. The modified silica particles and OMT were found to disperse and reside in the SAN phase of the matrix. Furthermore, OMT and modified silica could enhance flame retardant properties of ABS polymer matrix because of a synergistic effect between OMT and modified silica during the combustion of ABS nanocomposites.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Ti-Cu Alloys
Authors: Pripanapong P. , Tachai Luangvaranunt
Published: January 2010

The use of titanium for medical and dental applications is on the rise because of their excellent biocompatibility. However, some properties of pure titanium are not sufficient. Alloying with copper can improve mechanical properties needed for dental use. A recent research on Ti-Cu cast alloy indicated that ductility decreased with increasing copper concentration, but addition of copper improved grindability and wear resistance, with lower corrosion resistance. The objective of this research is to study sintering of Ti-Cu alloys; their microstructure and hardness, and the effect of copper content to their sintered density. Ti-Cu alloys were produced via powder metallurgy. Titanium powder was mixed with copper powder with chemical composition of 2, 4, 7 and 10 wt%. Lubricant was added in alloy powder with 0.5% of total weight, followed by cold compaction under 254 MPa pressure. Debinding and sintering was carried out at 400oC for 0.5 hr and 1000oC for 1 hr respectively in argon atmosphere. Condition with highest density was found in 10wt%Cu composition; having highest hardness of 317 Hv. Differential thermal analysis of Ti-15Cu under N2 atmosphere showed exothermic reaction at 1078oC. Phase formation of the sintered alloys followed the Ti-Cu equilibrium phase diagram.
The Contribution of Neural Networks to Solve Corrosion Related Problems
Authors: Trasatti Stefano P.
Published: January 2010

This paper summarizes the results of various attempts to implement a neural network for solving corrosion problems. The first activity was aimed to develop a model able to predict crevice corrosion of stainless steel and related alloys in chloride containing media from long-term exposure tests. Second, the preliminary evaluation of a neural network approach for rapid prediction of naphthenic acid corrosion performance (NAC) of carbon and stainless steels in a crude oil distillation unit will be described. In this work, the neural network was trained on the basis of experimental data from laboratory experience. Finally, non-deterministic models based on artificial neural network (ANN) were developed to predict the corrosion rate of carbon steel in CO2 environment by elaborating laboratory and field data. NN models were developed and tested using, as an input, pattern physico-chemical variables typically met in empiric and mechanistic models as well as parameters apparently not involved in the corrosion phenomenon. Results confirmed the validity of the NN approach
Galvanic Weld Metal-Base Metal Corrosion in AZ31 Magnesium Weldments
Authors: Cross Carl Edward , Xu P. , Eliezer D. , Ben-Hamu Guy
Published: January 2010

Arc welds were made on wrought AZ31 magnesium plate using a variable polarity gas-tungsten arc process with AZ61 filler wire. The aluminum content of the weld metal was systematically varied using inserts pre-placed in the weld joint, machined from magnesium die-cast alloys AM20, AM50, AM60, and AZ91. When immersed in 3.5% NaCl + Mg(OH)2 solution at room temperature, pitting corrosion was found to initiate in the weld heat affected zone, spread briefly to the weld metal, and then concentrate in the base metal. Galvanic couples were examined between wrought AZ31 and die-cast alloys to further examine galvanic behavior between wrought and cast materials. Results showed that the cast material was anodic relative to the wrought material over long periods of time, unlike what was observed for weldments. Details of this study will be presented and results will be related to alloy aluminum content and the ability to passivate.
Polyurea – The New Generation of Lining and Coating
Authors: Zur Eitan
Published: January 2010

Few seconds setting time, superior flexibility along with high mechanical strength and moisture insensitivity are only a small portion of the characteristics of the unique technology named Polyurea. This technology is on the move around the globe and recently some intriguing projects were done also in Israel. This paper is a brief introduction of the Polyurea technology.

Nearly two decades ago, a new technology was introduced to the world. It was not an innovative semi-flexible Epoxy, with a better UV stability. Nor was it a new kind of fast set Urethane, with improved chemical resistance. Rather, it was a new generation of polymers, which is free of some of the drawbacks of the old conventional coatings.

It is well known, for example, that epoxies excels in chemical resistance, high mechanical strength and hardness. However, it is also known that in spite of the great advance of recent years, epoxies still tend to be brittle and crack due to thermal stress and other causes. Chalking and yellowing caused by UV exposure is another notorious characteristic of Epoxies. Urethanes on the other hand are very flexible and have excellent weatherabilty. But what about hydrolytic stability, moisture sensitivity during the application and chemical resistance issues? There is much room for improvement on this regard.

Polyurea combines high mechanical strength, unusual elongation, excellent water resistance and good chemical resistance. UV stability of some Polyureas is nothing less than high quality aliphatic urethanes. Therefore, in recent years the Polyurea technology is on the move all over the world in diverse fields, such as the building, petrochemical and chemical industries, corrosion protection, flooring, water systems and wastewater treatment plants, bridges and tunnels, etc.
Microstructure of Ti-45Al-5Nb after Cathodic Charging
Authors: Barel E. , Ben-Hamu Guy , Eliezer D.
Published: January 2010

Gamma titanium aluminide material, cast Ti–45Al–5Nb (at.%), was electrochemically precharged with hydrogen in the cathodic charging mode at a current density of 50 mA/cm2 for times ranging from 6 to 48 h. XRD and microstructure investigations by means of electronic microscopy were used for analyzed the influence of hydrogen on the microstructure.
Preparation and Characterization of Al-Pillared Rectorite
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Guo Ai Hong , Chen Xing Tong
Published: January 2010

. Al-pillared rectorites (Al-REC) were synthesized from natural calcium rectorite through the exchange of inter-lamellar ions with hydroxyalumina polycations. Furthermore, the morphology, composite structure and pore properties of such composite materials were investigated by Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infra-red Spectra (FTIR) and Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption Isotherms. The products retain their layered structure and their pore structures are a slit-shaped pore between plate-like particles. The resultant products possess BJH pore volume as large as 0.04cm3g-1, high BET specific surface area of over 100m2g-1, narrow pore size distribution in the mesopore region of 7-9nm after thermal treatment at 300 °C.
Preparation and Characterization of Cu1-xKxFe2O4 Fibers and the Catalytic Activity for Diesel Engine Exhaust Removal
Authors: Gong Cai Rong , Chen Hai Feng , Fan Guo Liang , Song Chong Lin , Lv Gang
Published: January 2010

A series of complex oxide Cu1-xKxFe2O4 fibers have been prepared via a sol-gel process related electron-spinning procedure, in which x is among 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 corresponding to the quantity of Cu2+ partial substitution by K+. The average diameter of the fiber was 500 nm. The catalytic activity of the catalysts in removal of NOx and carbon black from diesel exhaust gases were examined in detail using temperature-programmed reaction technique. The results show that after partial substitution of Cu2+ with K+, the catalytic activities have been improved. Cu0.95K0.05Fe2O4 as an optimal catalyst can significantly decrease the ignition temperature (Tig) of the PM, and has high catalytic activity on the removal of NOx.
Preparation and Characterization of Tourmaline/TiO2 Composite Particles Material
Authors: Liang Ning , Ding Hao , Zha Yan Peng
Published: January 2010

The preparation of tourmaline/TiO2 composite particles material (TTCPM) by mechano-chemical method and its performance were studied in this paper. The results show that tourmaline/TiO2 composite particles material can be prepared by the surface modification of tourmaline using TiO2 as a modifier with wet ultra-fine grinding tourmaline and TiO2 together after tourmaline is ground to required size. The modification effect and performance of TTCPM are influenced by the dosage of TiO2, the pulp concentration and the grinding condition under which the mechanical forces can be produced. Comparing the properties of the TTCPM with that of tourmaline, negative ions quantity does not change and whiteness increases remarkably. In addition, the properties of pigment, such as hiding power, are added.
Research Progress in Ionic Functional Materials Used for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction
Authors: Liang Guang Chuan , Liang Jin Sheng , Wang Li Juan , Zhang Hong Biao
Published: January 2010

The application of ionic functional materials for energy saving and emission reduction in China was introduced in this paper. Firstly, the application of mine materials in the field of architectural energy saving, including heat insulation materials, combustion energy saving materials and enhancing heat emission materials,etc, was introduced. Secondly, the application of ionic functional materials in the field of automobile energy saving was introduced. The product technology of promoting energy saving through activating fuel, air and cycling water by activative bed technology was also introduced, aimed at industry boiler. Finally, the application in battery field of lithium-ion storage materials, including natural pyrite and lithium iron phosphate materials was introduced.
Synthesis of Lithium Ion-Sieve with Fractional Steps
Authors: Ji Zhi Yong , Yuan Jun Sheng , Xie Ying Hui
Published: January 2010

To meet increasing demand for lithium, it is very essential for exploiting the lithium resources dissolved in seawater, groundwater and brine. It’s prospected that extracting lithium from solution with lithium ion-sieve, that is, spinel lithium magnesium oxides. Preparing high effective lithium ion-sieve is the heart of the technology. Magnesium oxide (MnOOH), the precursor (Li1.6Mn1.6O4) and the lithium ion-sieve were prepared successively, and their structure and properties were characterized with AAS, XRD and SEM. The results show that fibrous MnOOH is synthesized via hydrothermal reaction of KMnO4 and ethanol at 120°C for 24 h, and brown Li1.6Mn1.6O4 with little impurity is prepared with the Li/Mn mole ratio 4 after hydrothermal reaction of MnOOH and 4 mol/L LiOH at 120°C for 24 h and roast 4 h at 400°C, then lithium ion-sieve is obtained after washing 24 h with 0.5 mol/L HCl solutions and its adsorption capacity for Li+ reaches 38.26 mg/g, which has considerable potentiality comparing to its theory value. All these suggested that synthesis of single phase Li1.6Mn1.6O4 should be essential for next study on extraction lithium with lithium ion-sieve from seawater, groundwater and brine.
Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Poly (vinyl chloride)
Authors: Han Bin , Wu Yu Long , Rui Guo , Feng Wei , Chen Zhen , Yang Ming De
Published: January 2010

The thermal degradation of PVC resin was examined by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pyrolysis volatile products were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer synchronized with TG test (TG-FTIR). Based on the TG results, the kinetics of thermal degradation was studied by Friedman method. The pyrolysis mechanism was discussed also. The results indicate that the pyrolysis process of PVC can be divided into two main stages: 220°C - 380°C and 380°C - 560°C. By the calculation of mass conservation and TG-FTIR results, it can be supposed that not only HCl, but also some unsubstituted aromatics such as benzene were released during the first stage. The comparison of activation energy shows that the second stage exhibited higher activation energy than the first stage. Two activation energy values in the first stage confirm that there arose two reactions in the first stage.
A New Testing System for Air Ion: Static Ion Testing System
Authors: Wang Ji Mei , Ji Zhi Jiang , Wang Jing
Published: January 2010

The static ion testing system is designed to evaluate air ion concentration for functional materials. It is mainly composed of following parts, collector, data-conversion device and output terminal. The testing system can test negative air ion and positive air ion, which can be tested depends on the electrical field of the collector. The software of output terminal can store all the testing process information in the output terminal. In order to scientifically test the air ion concentration, the whole testing system are designed without any dynamic device. With the whole design, the static ion testing system fulfills automatically and accurately works without technician’s supervision. The system also automatically records the testing process, maps the variation curves, and analyzes the testing results.
Prediction of Melting of Organic Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for Energy Storage with Simple Low Eutectic Systems
Authors: Huang Li Rong , Ai Ming Xing , Yang Li Li
Published: January 2010

The paper predicts the melting of solid-liquid organic PCMs for energy storage by the use of activity coefficient. Single parameter Margules Equation was built for alcohol - carboxylic acid series of binary systems by improving single parameter Margules Equation and introducing new variable temperatures, from which T-X phase diagram was obtained. The results are helpful with prediction of multiple phase change materials with the suitable phase transition temperature.
Vibration Damping Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Review
Authors: Kamal Ayman M. , Taha Iman M.
Published: January 2010

This paper gives a wide view over recent research in dynamic characteristics and vibration damping properties of fiber-reinforced, polymer-matrix composites, with emphasis on parameters governing damping, such as fiber volume fraction, fiber orientation, exciting frequency, aspect ratio and fiber-matrix interface, as well as stacking sequence for laminated composites. Both experimental and analytical models are discussed and parameters used to measure the amount of vibration damping are covered. Natural-fiber based composites are handled in detail in the last section of this paper.
Confinement of the Concrete Structures by Embedded Composite Grids
Authors: Ait Tahar Kamal , Alaa Chateauneuf
Published: January 2010

Composite materials have shown their efficiency in improving the mechanical properties of concrete structures, in addition to ensuring better resistance to environmental conditions. Reinforced concrete structures are often very sensitive to accidental loads, leading to deterioration, failures and human life fatalities. The reinforcement of concrete columns by composite materials, judiciously integrated in the concrete matrix, has the advantage of offering sufficient rigidity and strength to prevent overall collapse, on one hand, and, to preserve external and esthetic aspects of reinforced concrete works, on the other hand. The experimental and numerical studies in the present work represent a promising revelation regarding the effectiveness of the proposed confinement process by integrating a composite grid inside the reinforced concrete matrix. The concepts of single and double confinement are developed and discussed on the basis of experimental results for concrete specimens.
Anelastic Phenomena at the Fibre-Matrix Interface of the Ti6Al4V-SiCf Composite
Authors: Deodati Paolo , Donnini Riccardo , Kaciulis Saulius , Mezzi Alessio , Montanari Roberto , Testani Claudio , Ucciardello Nadia
Published: January 2010

The composite, consisting of Ti6Al4V matrix reinforced by unidirectional SiC fibres (SCS-6), has been investigated by mechanical spectroscopy at temperatures up to 1,173 K. For comparison, the same experiments have been performed on the corresponding monolithic alloy. The internal friction (IF) spectrum of the composite exhibits a new relaxation peak superimposed to an exponentially increasing background. This peak, which is not present in the monolithic alloy, has an activation energy H = 186 kJ mol-1 and a relaxation time 0 = 2.3 x 10-15 s. The phenomenon has been attributed to a reorientation of interstitial-substitutional pairs in the  phase of Ti6Al4V matrix around the fibres. This explanation is supported by the results of micro-chemical characterization carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with Ar ion sputtering.
Modeling of Fiber Jamming Phenomena during Processing of Fiber Reinforced Composite Parts
Authors: Londoño-Hurtado Alejandro , Osswald Tim A.
Published: January 2010

A current research effort at the Polymer Engineering Center (PEC) consists on providing the tools required to understand and predict defects that arise during the molding of fiber reinforced composites. This review starts with a comprehensive research summary in the field of computer simulation of composites molding and then presents our current work regarding computer simulations of flexible fiber suspensions
Parameter Optimization of Milling Ti6Al4V Using GA Approach
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhu Jian Jun , Wu Xin , Zang Xiao Jun , Zuo Dun Wen
Published: January 2010

The research was carried out on the parameter optimization of milling titanium alloy in this paper. The cutting models including cutting force, tool life and machined surface roughness are obtained by orthogonal array experiments. The maximum metal removal rate, MRR is selected as objective function. The constraints related to machine tool, workpiece, cutting tool and other machining situations are presented in details. Genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimum milling parameters for the maximum metal removal rate of titanium alloy. The optimization results show the optimization system can improve the productivity of milling Ti6Al4V obviously.
Torque Analysis and Shape Optimization of Electromagnetic Clutch
Authors: Piao Chang Hao , Huang Z.Y. , Wang J. , Cho Chong Du
Published: January 2010

This paper is devoted to the static friction torque of electromagnetic clutch. The torque maximization is also investigated by optimizing the geometrical shape of armature. For the purpose of designing and optimizing electromagnetic clutch, torque prediction is a very important factor. We construct an axi-symmetric FEM model to analyze static friction torque and use a torque tester to evaluate real torque. In this work, analytically predicted torque is compared with the experimental one to discuss the rationality of numerical process. The analytical result agrees well with experimental data, which proves the validity of the mathematical process. Through optimization of the shape of armature, we also improve the static torque of electromagnetic clutch about 30%.
Numerical Simulation on Temperature Field in Single-Layer Laser Cladding Using Coaxial Inside-Beam Powder Feeding
Authors: Wang Ming Di , Shi Shi Hong , Zuo Dun Wen
Published: January 2010

For the disadvantages of the lateral powder feeding and multi-lateral coaxial powder feeding process in laser cladding rapid prototyping process, a new process of hollow focusing laser, powder tube being middle and inside-beam powder feeding is put forward, which can be especially apply in laser cladding. In this paper, the finite element analysis model of temperature of the laser cladding using inside-beam powder feeding is established, temperature distribution of the single-layer in laser cladding is researched, which is theoretically useful for controlling the quality of microstructure and to prevent the cracks. When adopting finite element analysis software, Ansys, the layer unit is acted layer-by-layer, the full simulation of real cladding deposition process will be realized if moving boundary. Finally, some experiments validate the simulation results. Compared with the original mode, it can be found that if adopting the system of the laser cladding rapid manufacturing using inside-beam powder feeding, the temperature distribution is different and it will lead to a denser microstructure.
Basic Equation of the Axial Flow Pump with Linear Distribution of Discharge Velocity and Simulate
Authors: Zhao Zhen Hong , Jiang Xiu Ming , Du Yu Hong , Ren M.Q.
Published: January 2010

The basic equation of axial flow pump is derived from the assumption， which axial plane velocity and circumferential velocity distribute linearly along the blade radius. Based on the basic equation, the axial plane velocity and circumferential velocity gradient of discharge blade are calculated, and the flow field of pump is built. Using arc method of design blade, a design case is given. The standard K- epsilon turbulence model is applied to simulate the flow field of axial flow pump by FLUENT software. The simulation results indicate that pump efficiency reach 91%, there aren’t impact or vortex in pump, and the pressure distribution on the blade suction surface is even and high, the anti-cavitation performance is improved.
Combined Method of Objective and Subjective Measurement of Ocular Aberrations
Authors: Xu A.C. , Chen J.B. , Zhang Pei Ming , Zhuang Song Lin
Published: January 2010

A combined method measuring human eye aberrations is presented in our study, since both objective and subjective method are needed for the measurement of human eye’s wavefront aberration. The optical setup can carry out the two methods in one system, i.e. it can measure the human eye’s wavefront aberration with 4.8-mm artificial pupil when the natural pupil is dilated and then when the subject is watching visual testing chart. The result datum from both objective measurement and subjective measurement is fused on feature level by information fusion method with the weighting factors, which is helpful to combine the advantages of both subjective and objective measurement and emphasize the influence of neural system on human eye. Finally, we have done a series of experiments to demonstrate this combined fusion method and give some discussions.
Information Sharing in Construction Supply Chain
Authors: Zhao Jie , Ding S.Z.
Published: January 2010

In order to improve information asymmetry in construction supply chain and keep effective information among parties involved sharing seamlessly, current narrow sense understanding of information sharing in construction industry is summarized firstly; then broaden content and essence of information sharing in construction supply chain is pointed out, that is not only information sharing which can be improved by information technology included, but some asymmetric information which caused by different parties own interest also included in sharing scope. Information sharing is process of making information symmetrical to each party. Conclusion is given that information sharing is basis for adding value to whole construction supply chain under the condition of risk & profit sharing.
Microstructural Evolution of 7A04 Alloy Prepared by FE-ECAE in Semi-Solid State
Authors: Tian Wen Tong , Yang H. , Cao X.
Published: January 2010

In the paper, forward extrusion-equal channel angular extrusion (FE-ECAE), which is new strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) method, is introduced in making semi-solid billet of 7A04 alloy. The principle of the method is that by using FE-ECAE as strain induced step and semi-solid isothermal treatment as melt activation step. The results show that semi-solid billet with highly spheroidal and homogeneous refined grains can be prepared by FE-ECAE method. The equivalent strain in FE-ECAE before reheating has a great influence on its microstructural evolution. Grain size decreases and its shape also approaches to sphericity with increasing equivalent strain. The main mechanism of the initial semi-solid grains coarsening was coalescence. With the prolongation of isothermal holding time, the grains grew up and spheroidized, in which the mean diameter of grain and liquid volume fraction increased. In the meantime, the higher the reheating temperature, the faster the grain grew and spheroidized. Subsequently, the main mechanism of grains coarsening was Ostwald ripening. The suitable reheating temperature of 7A04 alloy was 610°C.
Experimental Investigation on Green Cutting GH4169 with Ionized Air Cooling and Lubricating
Authors: Wang Hui , Han Rong Di , Tang Yan Li , Wang Yang
Published: January 2010

The machinability of Nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is poor, the traditional methods to machining is application of cutting fluids with the active additives which will cause environmental and health problems. In recent years, environmental concerns call for the reduced of cutting fluids in metal machining. The green manufacturing techniques are to be investigated to achieve this objective. In this paper, the ionized air was applied instead of cutting fluids for the aim of green cutting. The effects of ionized air on cutting force, cutting temperature and chip formation have been examined in turning of GH4169 with carbide tools K20. The results of experiments indicated that application of ionized air produced lower cutting force and cutting temperature, the values were reduced about 7 percent and 9 percent compared to dry cutting respectively, and it is advantage in forming acceptable chips. The research results show that clean production was achieved in metal cutting associated with ionized air cooling and lubricating.
Research on the Performance Simulation of the Transmission System of Loader with Secondary Regulating Technique
Authors: Zang Fa Ye
Published: January 2010

Based on deeply analyzing the working principles and energy-saving theory of loader secondary regulating transmission system, regenerating the transmission system’s inertial energy by controlling constant torque was put forward. Considering large changes of the parameters of the transmission system and its non-linearity, a fuzzy control was adopted to control the transmission system, and the mathematical model of the system was established, then the simulations of the performance of the transmission system has been conducted. The conclusion was made that the inertial energy can be reclaimed and reused in the system by the application of the secondary regulation technology, and braking by controlling constant torque is stable, it can ensure the security of braking at high speed and also permits changing the efficiency of recovery by changing the braking torque. The system’s power has been reduced and energy saving has been achieved.
Study on Synthesis of Hinged Four-Bar Linkage Straight-Line Mechanism Using Three Symmetric Points
Authors: Hu A.P. , Kong De Jun , Zhu W.
Published: January 2010

Based on the fact that symmetric coupler curve can have three different tangent points with given straight-line, the three symmetric points of coupler locus was specified, and they was made into symmetric tangent points to determine the position of instant centre method. The size of the hinged four-bar linkage straight-line mechanism is determined using the position of instant centre method. The results were shown that coupler locus curve is obtained with this approach that is approximated with the intended straight-line precisely, and the basis of this approach is simpler than other analytic approaches.
Strategy Study on Enterprises to Implement Effective Pay Management
Authors: Miao Yu Jun
Published: January 2010

pay management, which is an important function of human resources management in enterprises. Enterprises pay gets relationship with effective management of the entire enterprise human cost of reasonable control, overall satisfaction of staff and internal management of enterprises in the fair and so on, all kinds of problems. This article states the contents of salary management and the function of incentives and analyzes the mistake and reasons in pay administration, and establishes some ways to solve those problems. At the same time, it also analyses a fair and effective pay system to attract and retain the talented in order to encourage employees' enthusiasm for work and improve enterprises' overall performance.