bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibrational Mode Assignment in the Terahertz Frequency Region by Isotope Shift: Anthracene in Solid State
Authors: Kambara Ohki , Ponseca Carlito S , Tominaga Keisuke , Nishizawa Jun-ichi , Sasaki Tetsuo , Wang Houng-Wei , Hayashi Michitoshi
Published: March 2013

The low-frequency spectra of normal anthracene and anthracene-d10 in the solid state were measured by a high-resolution terahertz spectrometer. We observed the isotope shift of the vibrational frequency in the THz frequency region at 5 K. The vibrational mode assignment was performed based on the DFT calculation for the isolated species and observed isotope shifts. We also conducted solid-state DFT calculations using CRYSTAL09 to confirm the mode assignment. The correlation field splitting for the intramolecular mode due to the dipole–dipole interaction is quantitatively discussed.
Economic Value of Celebrity Endorsements: Tiger Woods' Impact on Sales of Nike Golf Balls
Authors: Chung Kevin YC , Derdenger Timothy P. , Srinivasan Kannan
Published: March 2013

In this paper we quantify the economic worth of celebrity endorsements by studying the sales of endorsed products. We do so with the use of two unique data sets consisting of monthly golf ball sales and professional golfer (celebrity) rankings. In particular, we examine the impact Tiger Woods had on sales of Nike golf balls. Our identification of the causal effect of a celebrity is grounded in the celebrity's random performance over time.

Using two different approaches, reduced form and structural, we find that there are substantial celebrity endorsement effects. From our structural model, we determine that endorsements not only induce consumers to switch brands, a business stealing effect, but also have a primary demand effect. We determine that from 2000 to 2010, the Nike golf ball division reaped an additional profit of $103 million through the acquisition of 9.9 million in sales from Tiger Woods' endorsement effect. Moreover, having Tiger Woods' endorsement led to a price premium of roughly 2.5%. As a result, approximately 57% of Nike's investment in Woods' $181 million endorsement deal was recovered just in U.S. golf ball sales alone.
Effect of Structural and Lattice Oxygen Changes on the Properties of CuO/CeO2 Catalysts for High-Temperature Water-Gas shift of H2-rich Coal-Derived Synthesis Gas
Authors: Jiang Li. , Zhu Hongwei , Razzaq Rauf , Li Chunshan , Li Zengxi
Published: March 2013

A series of CeO2-based Cu catalysts was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. BET, N2O decomposition, XRD, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, H2-TPR, and XPS were used to characterize the catalysts. The catalytic activity was tested in terms of CO conversion and H2 selectivity in a H2-rich coal-derived synthesis gas. The effects of the copper content and the calcination temperature on the catalytic activity were investigated. A strong surface structure-activity relationship in the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was observed for all the catalyst samples. With increasing CuO loading, the portion of finely dispersed CuO nanoparticles decreased. By contrast, increasing calcination temperature reduced the BET surface area and reducibility, as induced by CuO agglomeration, resulting in a negative effect on H2 production. The distinctive dependence of the WGS activity on the surface lattice oxygen and active oxygen vacancy of the examined solids was observed and investigated for all the CuO/CeO2 catalysts.
Double Hydrogen Transfer in Low Symmetry Porphycenes
Authors: Fita Piotr , Ciacka Piotr , Czerski Igor , Pietraszkiewicz Marek , Radzewicz Czeslaw , Waluk Jacek
Published: March 2013

The rate constants of intramolecular double hydrogen transfer have been determined for of tert-butyl-substituted porphycenes: 2-tert-butyl-, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-, 2,7,12-tri-tert-butyl-, and 2,7,12,17-tetra-tert-butylporphycene using femtosecond pump-probe polarization spectroscopy. The rates increase monotonically with the number of substituents. As is the case for other porphycenes studied so far, the tautomerization becomes slower after excitation to the lowest excited singlet state. The potential for the trans-trans self-exchange reaction is symmetrical in di- and tetra-tert-butyl substituted derivatives, but not for the singly and triply substituted ones. Our studies enabled determination of the relative populations of nonequivalent tautomers and thus of the equilibrium constants in S0 and S1 states, as well as estimation of ground and excited state activation energies for the tautomerization process.
Phylogenetic studies of H3 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild mallards in Poland
Authors: Olszewska Monika , Śmietanka Krzysztof , Minta Zenon
Published: March 2013

In order to study the variation of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIV) of H3 subtype in the natural reservoir, partial genetic characterisation of four AIV isolates of H3 subtype, recovered from wild mallards in Poland in 2006–2010, was performed. Phylogenetic analysis clearly confirms that there is a constant flow of AIV H3 between wild birds in Eurasia and Africa, and, to a limited degree, to North America (Alaska), with an occasional spill-over to poultry. The analysis of the PA gene of one isolate from 2010 suggests that it is closely related to several HPAI H5N1 viruses belonging to clade 2.3.2 and that, therefore, a reassortment event has occurred recently between low pathogenic and H5N1 highly pathogenic AIV.
Isolation and analysis of tetracycline-resistant Mycoplasma agalactiae strains from an infected goat herd in Cyprus — short communication
Authors: Filioussis George , Ioannou Ioannis , Petridou Evanthia , Avraam Maria , Giadinis Nektarios , Kritas Spyridon
Published: March 2013

A major concern with the use of tetracycline against mycoplasmas is the development of resistance. Infections in small ruminants due to tetracyclineresistantMycoplasma agalactiaestrains are becoming a frequent problem worldwide. In the present paper the detection and analysis of three tetracycline-resistantM. agalactiaestrains, isolated from infected goats in Cyprus, are reported. The three field isolates were identified asM. agalactiaeby polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showing 98% identity to theM. agalactiaePG2 reference strain. Furthermore, they were found sensitive to tylosin, enrofloxacin, spiramycin and lincomycin. In contrast, they were resistant to tetracycline. None of the putative genes [tet(M),tet(O) andtet(S)] that commonly contribute to high-level resistance to tetracycline could be amplified from their genome. Contrarily, the field isolates were found to carry ISMag1, an insertion sequence related to the IS30 family of mobile elements. Although ISMag1is widely believed to induce high-frequency chromosomal rearrangements resulting in phenotypic changes of microorganisms, its potential role in tetracycline resistance of mycoplasmas requires further studies.
Enzootic outbreak and spontaneous regression of keratoacanthomas in a commercial layer flock
Authors: Dinev Ivan
Published: March 2013

This paper reports an enzootic outbreak and spontaneous regression of keratoacanthomas among adult layer hens with lesions on the skin of the legs. The observations were performed in a flock of 55,000 commercial layers (50,000 Lohmann White and 5,000 Lohmann Brown). At the age of 30 weeks, Lohmann White layers exhibited a number of growths (at an average of 60 hens per week, representing 0.1% of the flock) in the region of leg toes on a daily basis over 28 weeks that regressed during the remaining flock production period. Gross and histological investigations identified the lesions as keratoacanthomas. PCR analysis was negative for avian leukosis virus (ALV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). The present investigations have revealed an unusual case: this is the first report on an enzootic outbreak of multiple keratoacanthomas in commercial layers. The results of the aetiological investigations do not show a relation to any infectious agent or a chemical-toxic cause. The abnormal invasion of keratinocytes from the stratum corneum leading to neoplasms in this case coincides with the phase of peak laying capacity which is in fact a stress factor and might be regarded as a provocative moment.
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF): Five case reports
Authors: Schwarz Bianca , Klang Andrea , Bezdekova Barbora , Sárdi Sára , Kutasi Orsolya , Hoven Rene
Published: March 2013

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF), a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease has been associated with gammaherpesviruses. This case series describes five horses with EMPF. Three of the horses (two in Hungary, one in the Czech Republic) were diagnosed with EMPFante mortem. They presented with typical clinical signs of EMPF including dyspnoea and weight loss. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxaemia. Blood work showed signs of inflammation like neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. An endoscopic examination of the respiratory tract including cytology and culture of tracheobronchial secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed, revealing secondary bacterial infection in one case. A suspected diagnosis of EMPF was made on the basis of a positive EHV-5 PCR from bronchoalveolar lavage and the findings of thoracic radiographs and ultrasound examination. In one case the diagnosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. All horses died or had to be euthanised despite treatment. Two horses (from Austria) were diagnosed with EMPFpost mortem. They not only had EMPF but also concurrent other diseases which seemed to be associated with immunosuppression. Three horses showed the discrete form and two horses the diffuse form of EMPF. EHV-5 DNA was identified in lung tissue of all horses by PCR.
Biotransformation of trichothecenes alleviates the negative effects of T-2 toxin in pigs
Authors: Rafai Pál , Papp Zoltán , Jakab László
Published: March 2013

Between 49 and 70 days of age, three groups of growing pigs (n = 10 each) were fed diets containing 0, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively, for 21 days. The feed of another two groups of pigs (n = 10 each) contained 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively, plus a feed additive developed for splitting up the molecular structure ofFusariumtoxins, in particular trichothecenes, by deepoxidation of the molecule, at 2 kg/tonne concentration. One group (n = 10) served as positive control; their feed was free from T-2 toxin but contained the feed additive at the above concentration. Toxin concentrations at these low dietary levels impaired the feed intake and growth rate of pigs. The feed additive alleviated the negative effects and justified its potential for prevention. Data of the present study indicated a 0.2 mg/kg feed no observed effect level (NOEL) of T-2 toxin in growing pig feeds.
Nightmares in the bedroom of science: mapping of a neglected sleep disorder
Authors: Simor Péter
Published: March 2013

Nightmares are intense and unpleasant dream experiences that characterize approximately 4 percent of the adult population at least on a weekly basis. Nightmare frequency is often co-morbid with other mental complaints; however, recent results indicate that nightmare disorder is independent from waking mental dysfunctions. Nightmare disorder is intimately related to poor subjective sleep quality, and according to polysomnographic studies nightmare subjects’ sleep is characterized by increased sleep fragmentation and hyper-arousal. These findings suggest that instead of the psychopathological perspective nightmare disorder should be viewed as a specific sleep disorder that requires targeted treatment. Nevertheless, in order to choose the adequate treatment procedure clinicians should examine the co-morbid mental disorders as well taking into consideration the severity of nightmare distress, the latter supposed to be the mediator between nightmare frequency and waking mental dysfunctions. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 497–502.
Personalized medicine in rheumatology
Authors: Szekanecz Zoltán
Published: March 2013

In rheumatology, especially in arthritides, early diagnosis and aggressive therapy may open up new dimensions of expectations, such as improvement of pain, prevention of structural, functional damage and better quality of life. Targeted (biological) therapy has brought new horizons in rheumatology. As it is a rather expensive treatment modality, it has been urgent to develop tools suitable for the prediction of therapeutic responses. Several clinical, immunological and genetic biomarkers have been established for this purpose. Among clinical markers, male sex, younger age, lower or even higher disease activity at baseline, combination treatment and quitting smoking may lead to better treatment outcome. Immunological biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein, seropositivity, peripheral blood or synovial cellular content have been associated with therapeutic responses. Finally, numerous genes or gene signatures may also predict the efficacy or safety of immunosuppressive drugs. Although sometimes there have been only few studies conducted that led to some controversy, some biomarkers have also been validated. This may lead us to optimism in terms of wider acceptance of personalized medicine in rheumatology. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 483–496.
Value of Heritage in Turkey
Authors: Atakuman Çiğdem
Published: March 2013

Following Bulgaria’s and Romania’s accession into the European Union, EU expansion has reached its final frontier with the process of Turkey’s prospective integration, through which both Europe’s and Turkey’s respective cultural identities have been under negotiation. From a European perspective, Turkey, with its culture, religion, and pseudo-democracy, may appear seriously to challenge some of the most fundamental values of Europeanness. In fact, the very same argument is being made by Turkish politicians and members of the Turkish public, who fear that the nation will lose its unique characteristics in the process of becoming European. Taking its cue from the premise that national identities are continuously re-configured within heritage discourses, this study attempts to portray how values of heritage have become entangled in Turkey’s century-long search for an identity within the Western civilized world while continuing to protect its core cultural values. This struggle for self-definition is represented in the context of the history of Turkey’s international relations with Europe, specifically following the 1980 coup d’etat and Turkey’s first nominations to the World Heritage List in 1984. It is argued that the ambiguity of the EU’s definition of ‘Europeanness’ has continued to highlight those elements in the heritage and identity discourses that would define ‘Turkishness’ in opposition.
Should acellular pertussis vaccine be recommended to healthcare professionals?
Authors: Moraes José Cassio de , Carvalhanas Telma , Bricks Lucia Ferro
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to describe recent changes in the epidemiology of pertussis and existing policies regarding recommended and mandatory occupational vaccinations for healthcare professionals (HCPs). The authors carried out an extensive review of references on the PubMed and SciELO databases and the official sites of the World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Brazilian Ministry of Health, using the keywords pertussis, vaccines and healthcare professionals. Vaccination against pertussis is recommended for HCPs in the United States, Canada, nine European countries, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Costa Rica, Argentina and Uruguay, and in some countries it is compulsory. In Brazil, only one publication discussing the risk of pertussis among HCPs was found. Considering the reemergence of pertussis and the great number of associated hospitalizations and deaths registered in 2011, it is necessary to review public policies regarding HCP pertussis vaccination, particularly among workers in frequent contact with young babies.
Late-stage diagnosis of HIV infection in Brazilian children: evidence from two national cohort studies
Authors: Ramos Jr. Alberto Novaes , Matida Luiza Harunari , Alencar Carlos Henrique , Hearst Norman , Heukelbach Jorg
Published: March 2013

This study analyzed data from two consecutive retrospective cohort samples (1983 to 1998 and 1999 to 2002) of Brazilian children with AIDS (N = 1,758) through mother-to-child-transmission. Late-stage diagnosis (CDC category C) was investigated in relation to the following variables: year of birth, year of HIV diagnosis, and time periods related to changes in government treatment guidelines. Late-stage diagnosis occurred in 731 (41.6%) of cases and was more prevalent in infants under 12 months of age. The rate of late-stage diagnosis decreased from 48% to 36% between the two periods studied. We also observed a reduction in the proportion of late-stage diagnoses and the time lapse between HIV diagnosis and ART initiation. A significant association was found between timely diagnosis and having been born in recent years (OR = 0.62; p = 0.009) and year of HIV diagnosis (OR = 0.72; p = 0.002/OR = 0.62; p < 0.001). Infants under the age of 12 months were more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage than older children (OR = 1.70; p = 0.004). Despite advances, there is a need to improve the effectiveness of policies and programs focused on improving early diagnosis and management of HIV/AIDS.
Aderência às recomendações dietéticas do Institute of Medicine (Estados Unidos) e o seu efeito no peso durante a gestação
Authors: Castro Priscila da Silva , Castro Maria Beatriz Trindade de , Kac Gilberto
Published: March 2013

O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o efeito que a aderência às recomendações do Institute of Medicine (IOM) dos Estados Unidos acerca da ingestão de energia e/ou da composição dos macronutrientes da dieta exercem no peso durante a gestação. Trata-se de estudo prospectivo com três pontos de observação que incluiu 255 gestantes. A variável dependente foi o peso aferido ao longo da gestação e a independente a adequação dietética segundo as recomendações do IOM para ingestão de energia e macronutrientes, categorizada em ingestão adequada ou excessiva. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com modelos de efeitos mistos para medidas repetidas. As gestantes com ingestão excessiva eram 3,59kg (EP = 0,92kg) mais leves na linha de base (p < 0,01). Em média, o peso das gestantes variou 1,83kg (EP = 0,40kg) por trimestre, mas as gestantes com ingestão excessiva apresentaram um aumento de peso superior de 1,70kg (EP = 0,43kg), no mesmo período quando comparadas às com ingestão adequada (p < 0,01). Mulheres que aderiram às recomendações de ingestão dietética segundo o IOM aumentaram menos de peso durante a gestação.
Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS): uma avaliação do seu desempenho para a identificação do near miss materno
Authors: Nakamura-Pereira Marcos , Mendes-Silva Wallace , Dias Marcos Augusto Bastos , Reichenheim Michael E. , Lobato Gustavo
Published: March 2013

Este estudo avaliou o desempenho do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH-SUS) na identificação de casos de near miss materno ocorridos em hospital do Rio de Janeiro, em 2008. Os casos foram captados pela revisão de todos os prontuários médicos de gestantes ou puérperas internadas na unidade, e a busca por potenciais eventos de near miss na base do SIH-SUS valeu-se de uma lista de procedimentos e códigos da Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10ª revisão (CID-10), que fossem compatíveis com esse diagnóstico. A revisão de prontuários identificou 27 casos, enquanto na base do SIH-SUS encontrou-se 70 possíveis ocorrências de near miss. Porém, dessas 70 apenas cinco efetivamente eram casos near miss conforme os prontuários, correspondendo então à sensibilidade de 18,5% (IC95%: 6,3-38,1), especificidade de 94,3% (IC95%: 92,8-95,6), área sob a curva ROC de 0,56 (IC95%: 0,48-0,63) e valor preditivo positivo de 10,1% (IC95%: 4,7-20,3). Esses achados sugerem que o SIH-SUS não é adequado para o monitoramento dos casos de near miss materno.
The association between geographical factors and dental caries in a rural area in Mexico
Authors: Maupome Gerardo , Martínez-Mier E. Angeles , Holt Alanna , Medina-Solís Carlo Eduardo , Mantilla-Rodríguez Andrés , Carlton Brittany
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between markers of oral disease and geographical factors influencing access to dental care (DMFT score) among school children in Central Mexico. Retrospective data were collected during an international service-learning program between 2002 and 2009. A sample of 1,143 children (55% females; mean age 12.7±13.1years) was analyzed. The mean DMFT score, represented largely by untreated tooth decay, was 4.02 (4.76). The variables that had the most significant effect on the DMFT score were proportion of paved roads between the community and dental services, and the availability of piped potable water. The DMFT score increased in proportion to the percentage of paved roads. In contrast, the DMFT score decreased with the availability of piped potable water. Similar results were found for untreated tooth decay. The main variable associated with a significant increase in dental fillings was proportion of paved roads. Together with Brazilian reports, this is one of the first investigations of the association between geographical factors and oral health in an underdeveloped setting.
Prevalence of lip and perioral Ephelides in beach workers
Authors: Lucena Eudes Euler de Souza , Castro Ana Claudia de Queiroz , Farias Danielle Bezerra de , Lima Pérola Teixeira de , Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas da , Lima Kenio Costa de
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND: Ephelides are small hyperpigmented macules common in the skin, presenting as areas with increased melanin production. Ephelides are observed in genetically predisposed individuals, particularly fair-skinned people highly susceptible to sunburn. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of lip and perioral ephelides in 362 beach workers in the city of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte) and to investigate potential associations with sociodemographic, occupational and general health. METHODS: For this purpose clinical tests were performed by calibrated examiners in the epidemiological area around the lips and the area bounded laterally by the nasolabial groove and at the bottom by the chin. A questionnaire was completed and assessed. The possible associations between sociodemographic variables, occupational and general health with the presence of lip and perioral ephelides were evaluated by chi-square test for a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Approximately one third of the workers were affected by perioral ephelides (33.7%) and around a quarter of them by lip ephelides (24.0%). Gender was the only variable significantly associated with the presence of perioral ephelides (p = 0.002), unlike lip ephelides which proved to be significantly associated with habits (p = 0.036) and alcoholism (0.030). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ephelides in lip and perioral region was high in the study population, with gender and certain habits associated with its occurrence.
Circumcised or Cannibalized:Une vie de boyin Chinese Translation
Authors: Klein Lucas
Published: March 2013

To understand ferdinand oyono's 1956 cameroonian novelune vie de boyin its two chinese translations, first Understand that modern Chinese literature begins in translation. This is true with translation understood both narrowly and broadly. The first “modern” work of Chinese literature—that is, the first work of literary fiction published in modern vernacular Chinese—is the 1918 “Diary of a Madman” (), by Lu Xun (1881-1936), its title a reference to Nikolay Gogol's 1835 story, its narrative written in the vein of calls by Liang Qichao (1873-1929) for a “revolution in fiction” ([“Foreword” and “On the Relationship”]), a revolution inspired by translation and the possibilities for fiction Liang was exposed to through translation. In the early twentieth century, fiction written in Chinese began to beforeignizingor, as James Holmes would put it, “mimetic” of foreign prose, “re-emphasizing, by its strangeness, the strangeness which for the target-language reader is inherent in the semantic message of the original,” fitting “a period when genre concepts are weak, literary norms are being called into question, and the target culture as a whole stands open to outside impulses” (27-28).
Divination
Authors: Freedgood Elaine
Published: March 2013

What if in the final minutes of your heavyingdescending

the landing strip kept lyingchanging you backinto the air the way a white

backs away in anger when you approach with the directions you've been asked?—Ed Roberson, “The Aerialist Narratives”

The fate of the nation is foretold in the arcs of birds, in the flight patterns of the ruling class, in the strip of runway hard to see in the fog. Only through the scrutiny of all such lines will our fates grow clear.

—Joseph Donahue, “Metaphysical Shivers: Reading Ed Roberson”
Strong contribution of immigration to local population regulation: evidence from a migratory passerine
Authors: Schaub Michael , Jakober Hans , Stauber Wolfgang
Published: March 2013

A mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of populations requires knowledge about the variation of the underlying demographic rates and about the reasons for their variability. In geographically open populations, immigration is often necessary to prevent declines, but little is known about whether immigration can contribute to its regulation. We studied the dynamics of a Red‐backed Shrike population (Lanius collurio) over 36 years in Germany with a Bayesian integrated population model. We estimated mean and temporal variability of population sizes, productivity, apparent survival, and immigration. We assessed how strongly the demographic rates were correlated with population growth to understand the demographic reasons of population change and how strongly the demographic rates were correlated with population size to identify possible density‐dependent mechanisms. The shrike population varied between 35 and 74 breeding pairs but did not show a significant trend in population size over time (growth rate 1.002 ± 0.001 [mean ± SD]). Apparent survival of females (juveniles 0.06 ± 0.01; adults 0.37 ± 0.03) was lower than that of males (juveniles 0.10 ± 0.01; adults 0.44 ± 0.02). Immigration rates were substantial and higher in females (0.56 ± 0.02) than in males (0.43 ± 0.02), and average productivity was 2.76 ± 0.14. Without immigration, the Red‐backed Shrike population would have declined strongly. Immigration was the strongest driver for the number of females while local recruitment was the most important driver for the number of males. Immigration of both sexes and productivity, but not local recruitment and survival, were subject to density dependence. Density‐dependent productivity was not effectively regulating the local population but may have contributed to regulate shrike populations at larger spatial scales. These findings suggest that immigration is not only an important component to prevent a geographically open population from decline, but that it can also contribute to its regulation.
Using LiDAR‐derived vegetation metrics for high‐resolution, species distribution models for conservation planning
Authors: Farrell S. L. , Collier B. A. , Skow K. L. , Long A. M. , Campomizzi A. J. , Morrison M. L. , Hays K. B. , Wilkins R. N.
Published: March 2013

Advances in remotely sensed data for characterizing habitat have enabled development of spatially explicit predictive species distribution models (SDM) that can be essential tools for management. SDMs commonly use coarse‐grain metrics, such as forest patch size or patch connectivity, over broad spatial extents. However, species distributions are likely driven in part by local, fine‐grained habitat conditions. Conservation and management are often planned and applied locally, where coarse predictions may be uninformative or not sufficiently precise. We investigated the integration of high‐resolution LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) with avian point sampling data to develop a detection‐corrected occupancy model to quantify habitat‐occurrence relationships for two species with different habitats: the endangered golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) and black‐capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) on a military installation in central Texas. We compared occupancy models that used only the more conventional, coarse remotely sensed metrics to models that also incorporated high‐resolution LiDAR‐derived metrics for vegetation height and canopy cover, to assess their use for predicting distributions. Models including LiDAR‐derived vegetation height and canopy cover metrics were competitive for both species, and models without LiDAR‐derived vegetation height had substantially lower model weights and explanatory strength. Area under curve estimates for the highest ranked models were high for warblers (0.864) and moderate for vireos (0.746). Using the best supported models for each species, we predicted the occurrence distribution for both species. The resulting predictions provide a decision support tool that enables assessment of the status, impacts, and mitigation of impacts to endangered species habitat on the installation due to land management and military training activities that is more standardized and accurate than current assessment approaches based on visual gestalt of habitat and expert opinion. Additionally, although previous species distribution models have been created for our focal species, most fail to match the grain and extent of most management actions or include local, fine‐grained metrics that influence distributions. In contrast, we demonstrate that use of LiDAR with species occurrence data can provide precision and resolution at a scale that is relevant ecologically and to the operational scale of most conservation and management actions.
Impacts of fisheries bycatch on marine turtle populations worldwide: toward conservation and research priorities
Authors: Wallace Bryan P. , Kot Connie Y. , DiMatteo Andrew D. , Lee Tina , Crowder Larry B. , Lewison Rebecca L.
Published: March 2013

Fisheries bycatch is considered the most serious threat globally to long‐lived marine megafauna (e.g., mammals, birds, turtles, elasmobranchs). However, bycatch assessments to date have not evaluated population‐level bycatch impacts across fishing gears. Here, we provide the first global, multi‐gear evaluation of population‐level fisheries bycatch impacts for marine turtles. To compare bycatch impacts of multiple gears within and among marine turtle populations (or regional management units, RMUs), we compiled more than 1,800 records from over 230 sources of reported marine turtle bycatch in longline, net, and trawl fisheries worldwide that were published between 1990–2011. The highest bycatch rates and levels of observed effort for each gear category occurred in the East Pacific, Northwest and Southwest Atlantic, and Mediterranean regions, which were also the regions of highest data availability. Overall, available data were dominated by longline records (nearly 60% of all records), and were non‐uniformly distributed, with significant data gaps around Africa, in the Indian Ocean, and Southeast Asia. We found that bycatch impact scores—which integrate information on bycatch rates, fishing effort, mortality rates, and body sizes (i.e., proxies for reproductive values) of turtles taken as bycatch—as well as mortality rates in particular, were significantly lower in longline fishing gear than in net and trawl fishing gears. Based on bycatch impact scores and RMU‐specific population metrics, we identified the RMUs most and least threatened by bycatch globally, and found wide variation among species, regions, and gears within these classifications. The lack of regional or species‐specific patterns in bycatch impacts across fishing gears suggests that gear types and RMUs in which bycatch has the highest impact depend on spatially‐explicit overlaps of fisheries (e.g., gear characteristics, fishing practices, target species), marine turtle populations (e.g., conservation status, aggregation areas), and underlying habitat features (e.g., oceanographic conditions). Our study provides a blueprint both for prioritizing limited conservation resources toward managing fishing gears and practices with the highest population impacts on sea turtles and for enhancing data collection and reporting efforts.
A review of historical lahars, floods, and landslides in the Prêcheur river catchment (Montagne Pelée volcano, Martinique island, Lesser Antilles)
Authors: Aubaud Cyril , Athanase Jean-Elie , Clouard Valérie , Barras Anne-Valérie , Sedan Olivier
Published: March 2013

The Prêcheur river catchment belongs to the Montagne Pelée volcano massif located in the north of Martinique island, in the Lesser Antilles arc. In June 19–20, 2010 two high-discharge lahars overflowed and partially damaged the Prêcheur bridge, interrupting the road traffic for several days, and inundating part of the Abymes quarter. These non-eruptive, rain-triggered lahars were the consequence of the mobilization of loose volcanic material accumulated in the river bed by a massive landslide of the Samperre cliff that occurred on May 11, 2010.

In order to improve lahar risk assessment for the Prêcheur river, we review the existing knowledge on lahars and floods for the period 1851–2011. We improved the database mainly on the basis of geophysical (seismic and acoustic) data for the most recent period (1980-present). We show that: (1) the largest event ever observed in Prêcheur is the eruption-related lahar of May 8, 1902 at 06:00 UTC, (2) high-discharge, non-eruptive lahars able to partially destroy or submerge the bridge occur every 10.3 years in average since 1950, (3) geophysical records show that there are more low magnitude lahars than previously recognized because witness accounts report the larger events and therefore filter out the smaller ones; by contrast geophysical instruments are able to detect both high and low magnitude events, (4) the recent paroxysms of 2009–2010 belong to a landslide-lahar crisis which started in 2004; the onset of the landslide-lahar crisis was unnoticed by the population due to the low magnitude of the events.

The results of this compilation stress the importance of the presence of geophysical instrumentation sufficiently close to the river for monitoring small scale landslides and lahars. Indeed, these low magnitude events are likely to be unnoticed by the local population and therefore likely to be absent from the collective memory and local newspapers. However, they can inform about the imminence of more significant events, as observed in 1980 and 2010.
Physical characteristics and triggering mechanisms of the 2009–2010 landslide crisis at Montagne Pelée volcano, Martinique: implication for erosional processes and debris-flow hazards
Authors: Clouard Valérie , Athanase Jean-Elie , Aubaud Cyril
Published: March 2013

Flank destabilizations are common processes in the life of a volcano. Apart from giant landslides with recurrence times of tens of thousands of years and whose deposits are identified in the bathymetry around the islands, less voluminous but more frequent erosional landslides contribute significantly to the morphological development of the topography. In this paper, we present a detailed description of a landslide sequence that occurred in 2009 and 2010 on the western flank of Montagne Pelée volcano, originating at the Samperre cliff. This sequence is characterized by two main events, in August 2009 and May 2010, and hundreds of smaller collapses. From seismic data and high resolution topographic data from airborne Lidar, collapses are counted and volumes of the main events are estimated. The May 2010 landslide has removed 2.1 millions of m3 of debris, which were subsequently remobilized during several hazardous lahars. The mean rates of erosion deduced from these volumes indicate that this kind of erosional landslide could represent a long term contribution of the same order of magnitude as giant flank collapses. The characterization of the runout of the landslides and of the Samperre cliff slopes provide important information for risk assessment, in particular for the risk of lahars that threaten the population living on the lower slopes.
How wide is the seismogenic zone of the Lesser Antilles forearc?
Authors: Gutscher Marc-André , Westbrook Graham K. , Marcaillou Boris , Graindorge David , Gailler Audrey , Pichot Thibaud , Maury René C.
Published: March 2013

The Lesser Antilles subduction zone has produced no recent strong thrust earthquakes, making it difficult to quantify the seismic hazard from such events. The Lesser Antilles arc has a low subduction rate and an accretionary wedge that is very wide at its southern end. To investigate the effect of the wedge on seismogenesis, numerical models of forearc thermal structure were constructed along six transects perpendicular to the arc in order to determine the thermally predicted width of the seismogenic zone. The geometry of each section is constrained by published seismic profiles and crustal models derived from gravity and seismic data and by earthquake hypocenters at depth. A major constraint on the deep part of the model is that mantle temperature beneath the volcanic arc should achieve a temperature of 1,100°C to generate partial melts. Predicted surface heat flow is compared to the available heat flow observations. Thermal modeling results indicate a systematic southward increase in the width of the seismogenic zone, more than doubling in width from north to south and corresponding to a dramatic southward increase in forearc width (distance from the arc to the deformation front of the accretionary wedge). The minimum width of the seismogenic zone (distance between the intersections of the subduction interface with the 150°C and 350°C isotherms) increases from about 80 km, north of 16°N, to 230 km, at 13°N. The maximum width (between the 100°C and 450°C isotherms) ranges from about 150 km in the north to up to 320 km in the south. This large variation in the width of the seismogenic zone is a consequence of the increasing width of the accretionary wedge to the south, caused by the increased thickness of sediment on the subducting plate. There is good agreement between the thermally predicted seismogenic limits and the sparse distribution of recorded thrust earthquakes, which are observed only in the northern portion of the arc. Possible scenarios for mega-thrust earthquakes are discussed. Depending on the segment length (along-strike) of the rupture plane, the occurrence of an event of magnitude 8–9 cannot be excluded.
Pliocene to Pleistocene carbonate systems of the Guadeloupe archipelago, French Lesser Antilles: a land and sea study (the KaShallow project)
Authors: Münch Philippe , Lebrun Jean-Frédéric. , Cornée Jean-Jacques , Thinon Isabelle , Guennoc Pol , Marcaillou Boris Jacques , Begot Jacques , Bertrand Guillaume , De Berc Séverine Bes , Biscarrat Kevin , Claud Clarisse , De Min Lyvane , Fournier François , Gailler Lydie , Graindorge David , Léticée Jean-Len , Marie Lionel , Mazabraud Yes , Melinte-Dobrinescu Mihaela , Moissette Pierre , Quillévéré Frédéric , Verati Chrystel , Randrianasolo Auran
Published: March 2013

This work presents a synthesis of the present-day knowledge on both emerged and submerged carbonate platforms of the Guadeloupe archipelago. Onshore and offshore data acquired during the KaShallow project are presented. Since the early Zanclean, some isolated platforms developed onto a Jurassic to Tortonian basement which displayed reliefs inherited from a major extensional tectonic episode dated from −8 to −5 Ma. Marie-Galante, Grande Terre and the southern shelf of Grande-Terre show strong similarities with Zanclean to Gelasian red-algal facies upward changing into early Calabrian coral facies. A major erosional unconformity (SB2) was recognized and allows to distinguish two early Calabrian formations (Calcaires à Agaricia Formation and Calcaires à Acropora Formation). The final emersion of these platforms is late Calabrian. The La Désirade platform displays Zanclean to early Piacenzian red-algal facies upward changing into coral facies. This platform emerged as soon as in the late Piacenzian. The island subsided again in relation with later extensional tectonic episode and early Calabrian reef platform then unconformably deposited. The Colombie bank deposits comprise Pliocene basinal deposits overlain by late Calabrian coral reefs. The Flandre bank might have emerged synchronously with La Désirade but was drowned only in the late Pleistocene-Holocene interval. Four extensional tectonic episodes have been identified in the late Miocene-Recent interval. Their effects depend on the location of the platforms within the fore-arc.
Soil and Water Quality Rapidly Responds to the Perennial Grain Kernza Wheatgrass
Authors: Culman Steve W. , Snapp Sieglinde S. , Ollenburger Mary , Basso Bruno , DeHaan Lee R.
Published: March 2013

Perennial grain cropping systems could address a number of contemporary agroecological problems, including soil degradation, NO3 leaching, and soil C loss. Since it is likely that these systems will be rotated with other agronomic crops, a better understanding of how rapidly perennial grain systems improve local ecosystem services is needed. We quantified soil moisture, lysimeter NO3 leaching, soil labile C accrual, and grain yields in the first 2 yr of a perennial grain crop under development [kernza wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] relative to annual winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under three management systems. Overall, differences between annual and perennial plants were much greater than differences observed due to management. In the second year, perennial kernza reduced soil moisture at lower depths and reduced total NO3 leaching (by 86% or more) relative to annual wheat, indicating that perennial roots actively used more available soil water and captured more applied fertilizer than annual roots. Carbon mineralization rates beneath kernza during the second year were increased 13% compared with annual wheat. First‐year kernza grain yields were 4.5% of annual wheat, but second year yields increased to 33% of wheat with a harvest index of 0.10. Although current yields are modest, the realized ecosystem services associated with this developing crop are promising and are a compelling reason to continue breeding efforts for higher yields and for use as a multipurpose crop (e.g., grain, forage, and biofuel).
Overview of Clinical Alternatives to Minimize the Degradation of the Resin-dentin Bonds
Authors: Reis A , Carrilho M , Breschi L , Loguercio AD
Published: March 2013

The incorporation of hydrophilic and acidic resin monomers substantially improved the initial bonding of contemporary etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesives to intrinsically wet dental substrates, providing quite favorable immediate results, regardless of the bonding approach used. However, in the long term, the bonding effectiveness of most simplified ER and SE adhesives drop dramatically. This review examines the fundamental processes that are responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of the resin-bonded interfaces and some possible clinical approaches that have been effective in minimizing or even preventing the degradation of the adhesive interfaces produced with simplified adhesives. The incorporation of some of the feasible approaches - described in this review - may improve the quality of the adhesive restorations performed in clinical practice, while manufacturers develop bonding materials that are less susceptible to the aging mechanisms present in the oral environment.
The Speed of Information Processing of 9- to 13-Year-Old Intellectually Gifted Children
Authors: Duan Xiaoju , Dan Zhou , Shi Jiannong
Published: March 2013

In general, intellectually gifted children perform better than non-gifted children across many domains. The present validation study investigated the speed with which intellectually gifted children process information. 184 children, ages 9 to 13 years old (91 gifted, M age = 10.9 yr., SD = 1.8; 93 non-gifted children, M age = 11.0 yr., SD = 1.7) were tested individually on three information processing tasks: an inspection time task, a choice reaction time task, an abstract matching task. Intellectually gifted children outperformed their non-gifted peers on all three tasks obtaining shorter reaction time and doing so with greater accuracy. The findings supported the validity of the information processing speed in identifying intellectually gifted children.
Effects of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention for Obesity on Mental and Physical Components of Quality of Life: The Mediatory Role of Depression
Authors: Pazzagli Chiara , Mazzeschi Claudia , Laghezza Loredana , Reboldi Gian Paolo , De Feo Pierpaolo
Published: March 2013

The current study investigates the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for obesity on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). In this study, 92 adults with obesity were weighed and completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF–36) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES–D) at the baseline and at the end of a 3-month intervention. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a series of hierarchical regressions, and the statistical mediation analysis of Baron and Kenny were conducted. (a) Over 3 months, changes in weight and the mental and physical scales of the SF–36 and depression were all significant. (b) The results indicate a significant mediation of changes in depression scores for the association between weight loss and enhancement on the General Health scale of the SF–36. Improvements to HRQoL from a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention seem to affect both the physical and mental components of the SF–36 score and to reduce depression, contributing to enhanced self-perceptions of well-being.
Factor Structure of the Italian Version of the Religious Fundamentalism Scale
Authors: Carlucci Leonardo , Tommasi Marco , Saggino Aristide
Published: March 2013

The Religious Fundamentalism Scale was applied to an Italian group, composed of 250 participants, to assess if it could be considered a reliable measure of fundamentalism. All participants professed to be believers of the Catholic religion. The overall group was split randomly into two smaller groups. The data of the first group were analyzed with an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to test the factor structure of the Italian version of the scale. The data of the second sample were analyzed with a confirmatory factor analysis, to test the factor structure that emerged from EFA. Results indicated a two-dimensional structure, composed of two correlated factors apparently representing believing and skeptical attitudes.
Designating Longevity Hotspots: Cautions concerning the Instability of per Capita Centenarian Estimates
Authors: Draper Thomas W. , Christie Heather , Moore Chelsea
Published: March 2013

Estimates of per capita centenarians in a Utah population varied between one per 12,864 and one per 4,675, depending on the data that were used, the population assumptions that were made, and the boundary limits that were employed. In general, caution is warranted in claims about the existence of longevity hotspots.
Depression and Suicidal Ideation in College Students: A Preliminary Study of Campus Variables
Authors: Lester David
Published: March 2013

In a sample of 80 undergraduates, variables associated with the undergraduate experience (such as transfer student status, grade point average, working, and belonging to a fraternity/sorority) were not significantly associated with measures of depression, mania, or suicidal ideation. Students living on campus were more depressed and suicidal than those living with their parents.