bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ups and downs of visual orientation: The effects of diagonal orientation on product judgment
Authors: Schlosser Ann E. , Rikhi Ruchi R. , Dagogo‐Jack Sokiente W.
Published: January 2016

Orienting a logo upward or downward may seem like an arbitrary graphic design decision, but we propose that it can have important implications for consumer judgments. In particular, we find across four experimental studies and a content analysis that diagonal direction can convey different levels of activity with upward—or ascending—diagonals conveying greater activity and effort than downward—or descending—diagonals. Consequently, when the context highlights the benefits of activity (vs. passivity), upward (vs. downward) diagonals lead to more favorable product judgments, greater product efficacy beliefs, and greater post‐consumption satisfaction. Furthermore, we provide process evidence that perceived product efficacy beliefs mediate these effects, and that the effect is strongest when the object being visually oriented is text rather than images. These findings are particularly important in light of our content analysis findings that diagonal orientation is a relatively underutilized design feature. Collectively, our findings suggest that firms should use upward diagonals when the product context highlights a favorable view of activity. Otherwise, the firm should use downward diagonals, especially when the product context encourages consumers to view passivity favorably.
From concept to reality — A review to the primary test stand and its preliminary application in high energy density physics
Authors: Deng Jianjun , Xie Weiping , Feng Shuping , Wang Meng , Li Hongtao , Song Shengyi , Xia Minghe , Ce Ji , He An , Tian Qing , Gu Yuanchao , Guan Yongchao , Wei Bin , Huang Xianbin , Ren Xiaodong , Dan Jiakun , Li Jing , Zhou Shaotong , Cai Hongchun , Zhang Siqun , Wang Kunlun , Xu Qiang , Wang Yujuan , Zhang Zhaohui , Wang Guilin , Guo Shuai , He Yi , Zhou Yiwei , Zhang Zhanji , Yang Libing , Zou Wenkang
Published: January 2016

Pulsed power technology, whereas the electrical energy stored in a relative long period is released in much shorter timescale, is an efficient method to create high energy density physics (HEDP) conditions in laboratory. Around the beginning of this century, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) began to build some experimental facilities for HEDP investigations, among which the Primary Test Stand (PTS), a multi-module pulsed power facility with a nominal current of 10 MA and a current rising time ∼90 ns, is an important achievement on the roadmap of the electro-magnetically driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) researches. PTS is the first pulsed power facility beyond 10 TW in China. Therefore, all the technologies have to be demonstrated, and all the engineering issues have to be overcome. In this article, the research outline, key technologies and the preliminary HEDP experiments are reviewed. Prospects on HEDP research on PTS and pulsed power development for the next step are also discussed.
The political meaning of dining out: testing the link between lifestyle and political choice in Italy
Authors: Cavazza Nicoletta , Corbetta Piergiorgio
Published: January 2016

The debate that has arisen around the weakening of the traditional cleavages’ heuristic power in explaining vote suggests considering the role of lifestyles in designing politically meaningful social aggregates. We investigated the relationship between lifestyle and voting behavior, establishing the degree to which this relationship traces the effect of the socio-structural categories (e.g. social class) or is, at least in part, independent of them. Through a k-means clustering, we individuated a typology of four Italian lifestyles; we showed its relation to socio-demographic features and its ability to discriminate participants’ political attitudes. The subscription to each lifestyle was significantly associated with voting behavior, net of the variance accounted for by the traditional cleavages. The theoretical implication and further direction of research are discussed.
Double-diffusive instability in core–annular pipe flow
Authors: Sahu Kirti Chandra
Published: January 2016

The instability in a pressure-driven core–annular flow of two miscible fluids having the same densities, but different viscosities, in the presence of two scalars diffusing at different rates (double-diffusive effect) is investigated via linear stability analysis and axisymmetric direct numerical simulation. It is found that the double-diffusive flow in a cylindrical pipe exhibits strikingly different stability characteristics compared to the double-diffusive flow in a planar channel and the equivalent single-component flow (wherein viscosity stratification is achieved due to the variation of one scalar) in a cylindrical pipe. The flow which is stable in the context of single-component systems now becomes unstable in the presence of two scalars diffusing at different rates. It is shown that increasing the diffusivity ratio enhances the instability. In contrast to the single fluid flow through a pipe (the Hagen–Poiseuille flow), the faster growing axisymmetric eigenmode is found to be more unstable than the corresponding corkscrew mode for the parameter values considered, for which the equivalent single-component flow is stable to both the axisymmetric and corkscrew modes. Unlike single-component flows of two miscible fluids in a cylindrical pipe, it is shown that the diffusivity and the radial location of the mixed layer have non-monotonic influences on the instability characteristics. An attempt is made to understand the underlying mechanism of this instability by conducting the energy budget and inviscid stability analyses. The investigation of linear instability due to the double-diffusive phenomenon is extended to the nonlinear regime via axisymmetric direct numerical simulations. It is found that in the nonlinear regime the flow becomes unstable in the presence of double-diffusive effect, which is consistent with the predictions of linear stability theory. A new type of instability pattern of an elliptical shape is observed in the nonlinear simulations in the presence of double-diffusive effect.
Criticizing another's child: How teachers evaluate students during parent-teacher conferences
Authors: Pillet-Shore Danielle
Published: January 2016

As the principal occasion for establishing cooperation between family and school, the parent-teacher conference is crucial to the social and educational lives of children. But there is a problem: reports of parent-teacher conflict pervade extant literature. Previous studies do not, however, explain how conflict emerges in real time or how conflict is often avoided during conferences. This article examines a diverse corpus of video-recorded naturally occurring conferences to elucidate a structuralpreference organizationoperative during parent-teacher interaction that enables participants to forestall conflict. Focusing on teachers' conduct around student-praise and student-criticism, this investigation demonstrates that teachers do extra interactional work when articulating student-criticism. This research explicates two of teachers' most regular actions constituting this extra work:obfuscating responsibilityfor student-troubles by omitting explicit reference to the student, androutinizingstudent-troubles by invoking other comparable cases of that same trouble. Analysis illuminates teachers' work to maintain solidarity with students, and thus parents. (Institutional interaction, parent-teacher conferences, conversation analysis, criticism, praise, evaluating students, assessments, preference organization)*
WTO Case Law of 2014: A Busy Year
Authors: BOWN CHAD P. , MAVROIDIS PETROS C.
Published: January 2016

The WTO adjudicating bodies were busy in 2014, as they issued 22 reports, a net increase of 15 reports when compared to 2013. In fact, the WTO was forced to hire additional staff to work on disputes, since the caseload overwhelmed the existing limited administrative capacity dedicated to dispute settlement.
Star Formation in the Local Milky Way
Authors: Lada Charles J.
Published: January 2016

Studies of molecular clouds and young stars near the sun have provided invaluable insights into the process of star formation. Indeed, much of our physical understanding of this topic has been derived from such studies. Perhaps the two most fundamental problems confronting star formation research today are: 1) determining the origin of stellar mass and 2) deciphering the nature of the physical processes that control the star formation rate in molecular gas. As I will briefly outline here, observations and studies of local star forming regions are making particularly significant contributions toward the solution of both these important problems.
The Structure and Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks: an Infrared and Submillimeter View
Authors: Cieza Lucas A.
Published: January 2016

Circumstellar disks are the sites of planet formation, and the very high incidence of extrasolar planets implies that most of them actually form planetary systems. Studying the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks can thus place important constraints on the conditions, timescales, and mechanisms associated with the planet formation process. In this review, we discuss observational results from infrared and submillimeter wavelength studies. We review disk lifetimes, transition objects, disk demographics, and highlight a few remarkable results from ALMA Early Science observations. We finish with a brief discussion of ALMA's potential to transform the field in near future.
Rotation Profile of Kepler-63 from Planetary Transits
Authors: Netto Yuri , Valio Adriana
Published: January 2016

Currently it is possible to estimate the rotation profile of a star that harbours a planet in an orbit such that it eclipses the star periodically. During one of these transits, the planet may occult a spot on the photosphere of the star, causing small variations in its light curve. By detecting the same spot in a later transit, it is possible to estimate the stellar rotation period. Here we present the results of this model for the case of the star Kepler-63, which has a planet in an orbit with high obliquity. This means that the planetary eclipse occults many latitude bands of the star, from near the equator to the poles. The results show that Kepler-63 has differential rotation of 0.133 rd/d and a relative differential rotation of 11.4%.
Toward Direct Imaging of Low-mass Gas-Giant Planets with the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Schlieder J. E. , Beichman C. A. , Meyer M. R. , Greene T.
Published: January 2016

In preparation for observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), we have identified new members of the nearby, young M dwarf sample and compiled an up to date list of these stars. Here we summarize our efforts to identify young M dwarfs, describe the current sample, and detail its demographics in the context of direct planet imaging. We also describe our investigations of the unprecedented sensitivity of the JWST when imaging nearby, young M dwarfs. The JWST is the only near term facility capable of routinely pushing direct imaging capabilities around M dwarfs to sub-Jovian masses and will provide key insight into questions regarding low-mass gas-giant properties, frequency, formation, and architectures.
Precise Near-Infrared Radial Velocities
Authors: Plavchan Peter , Gao Peter , Gagne Jonathan , Furlan Elise , Brinkworth Carolyn , Bottom Michael , Tanner Angelle , Anglada-Escude Guillem , White Russel , Davison Cassy , Mills Sean , Beichman Chas , Johnson John Asher , Ciardi David , Wallace Kent , Mennesson Bertrand , Vasisht Gautam , Prato Lisa , Kane Stephen , Crawford Sam , Crawford Tim , Sung Keeyoon , Drouin Brian , Lin Sean , Leifer Stephanie , Catanzarite Joe , Henry Todd , von Braun Kaspar , Walp Bernie , Geneser Claire , Ogden Nick , Stufflebeam Andrew , Pohl Garrett , Regan Joe
Published: January 2016

We present the results of two 2.3 μm near-infrared (NIR) radial velocity (RV) surveys to detect exoplanets around 36 nearby and young M dwarfs. We use the CSHELL spectrograph (R ~ 46,000) at the NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility (IRTF), combined with an isotopic methane absorption gas cell for common optical path relative wavelength calibration. We have developed a sophisticated RV forward modeling code that accounts for fringing and other instrumental artifacts present in the spectra. With a spectral grasp of only 5 nm, we are able to reach long-term radial velocity dispersions of ~20–30 m s−1 on our survey targets.
Can the Dustiest Main Sequence Stars Tell Us About the Rocky Planet Formation Process?
Authors: Melis Carl
Published: January 2016

Main sequence stars hosting extreme quantities of inner planetary system debris are likely experiencing transient dust production events. The nature of these events, if they can be unambiguously attributed to a single process, can potentially inform us on the formation and/or early evolution of rocky Earth-like planets. In this contribution I examine some of the dustiest main sequence stars known and three processes that may be capable of reproducing their observed properties. Through this activity I also make an estimate for the likelihood of an A-type star to have an asteroid belt-like planetesimal population.
Probing QED and fundamental constants through laser spectroscopy of vibrational transitions in HD+
Authors: Biesheuvel J. , Karr J.-Ph. , Hilico L. , Eikema K. S. E. , Ubachs W. , Koelemeij J. C. J.
Published: January 2016

The simplest molecules in nature, molecular hydrogen ions in the form of H2+ and HD+, provide an important benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex forms of matter. Here, we report on such a test based on a frequency measurement of a vibrational overtone transition in HD+ by laser spectroscopy. We find that the theoretical and experimental frequencies are equal to within 0.6(1.1) parts per billion, which represents the most stringent test of molecular theory so far. Our measurement not only confirms the validity of high-order quantum electrodynamics in molecules, but also enables the long predicted determination of the proton-to-electron mass ratio from a molecular system, as well as improved constraints on hypothetical fifth forces and compactified higher dimensions at the molecular scale. With the perspective of comparisons between theory and experiment at the 0.01 part-per-billion level, our work demonstrates the potential of molecular hydrogen ions as a probe of fundamental physical constants and laws.
Nanoelectronic primary thermometry below 4 mK
Authors: Bradley D. I. , George R. E. , Gunnarsson D. , Haley R. P. , Heikkinen H. , Pashkin Yu. A. , Penttilä J. , Prance J. R. , Prunnila M. , Roschier L. , Sarsby M.
Published: January 2016

Cooling nanoelectronic structures to millikelvin temperatures presents extreme challenges in maintaining thermal contact between the electrons in the device and an external cold bath. It is typically found that when nanoscale devices are cooled to ∼10 mK the electrons are significantly overheated. Here we report the cooling of electrons in nanoelectronic Coulomb blockade thermometers below 4 mK. The low operating temperature is attributed to an optimized design that incorporates cooling fins with a high electron–phonon coupling and on-chip electronic filters, combined with low-noise electronic measurements. By immersing a Coulomb blockade thermometer in the 3He/4He refrigerant of a dilution refrigerator, we measure a lowest electron temperature of 3.7 mK and a trend to a saturated electron temperature approaching 3 mK. This work demonstrates how nanoelectronic samples can be cooled further into the low-millikelvin range.
Towards do-it-yourself planar optical components using plasmon-assisted etching
Authors: Chen Hao , Bhuiya Abdul M. , Ding Qing , Johnson Harley T. , Toussaint Jr Kimani C.
Published: January 2016

In recent years, the push to foster increased technological innovation and basic scientific and engineering interest from the broadest sectors of society has helped to accelerate the development of do-it-yourself (DIY) components, particularly those related to low-cost microcontroller boards. The attraction with DIY kits is the simplification of the intervening steps going from basic design to fabrication, albeit typically at the expense of quality. We present herein plasmon-assisted etching as an approach to extend the DIY theme to optics, specifically the table-top fabrication of planar optical components. By operating in the design space between metasurfaces and traditional flat optical components, we employ arrays of Au pillar-supported bowtie nanoantennas as a template structure. To demonstrate, we fabricate a Fresnel zone plate, diffraction grating and holographic mode converter—all using the same template. Applications to nanotweezers and fabricating heterogeneous nanoantennas are also shown.
F-actin-rich contractile endothelial pores prevent vascular leakage during leukocyte diapedesis through local RhoA signalling
Authors: Heemskerk Niels , Schimmel Lilian , Oort Chantal , van Rijssel Jos , Yin Taofei , Ma Bin , van Unen Jakobus , Pitter Bettina , Huveneers Stephan , Goedhart Joachim , Wu Yi , Montanez Eloi , Woodfin Abigail , van Buul Jaap D.
Published: January 2016

During immune surveillance and inflammation, leukocytes exit the vasculature through transient openings in the endothelium without causing plasma leakage. However, the exact mechanisms behind this intriguing phenomenon are still unknown. Here we report that maintenance of endothelial barrier integrity during leukocyte diapedesis requires local endothelial RhoA cycling. Endothelial RhoA depletion in vitro or Rho inhibition in vivo provokes neutrophil-induced vascular leakage that manifests during the physical movement of neutrophils through the endothelial layer. Local RhoA activation initiates the formation of contractile F-actin structures that surround emigrating neutrophils. These structures that surround neutrophil-induced endothelial pores prevent plasma leakage through actomyosin-based pore confinement. Mechanistically, we found that the initiation of RhoA activity involves ICAM-1 and the Rho GEFs Ect2 and LARG. In addition, regulation of actomyosin-based endothelial pore confinement involves ROCK2b, but not ROCK1. Thus, endothelial cells assemble RhoA-controlled contractile F-actin structures around endothelial pores that prevent vascular leakage during leukocyte extravasation.
Electrochemical camera chip for simultaneous imaging of multiple metabolites in biofilms
Authors: Bellin Daniel L. , Sakhtah Hassan , Zhang Yihan , Price-Whelan Alexa , Dietrich Lars E. P. , Shepard Kenneth L.
Published: January 2016

Monitoring spatial distribution of metabolites in multicellular structures can enhance understanding of the biochemical processes and regulation involved in cellular community development. Here we report on an electrochemical camera chip capable of simultaneous spatial imaging of multiple redox-active phenazine metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 colony biofilms. The chip features an 8 mm × 8 mm array of 1,824 electrodes multiplexed to 38 parallel output channels. Using this chip, we demonstrate potential-sweep-based electrochemical imaging of whole-biofilms at measurement rates in excess of 0.2 s per electrode. Analysis of mutants with various capacities for phenazine production reveals distribution of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) throughout the colony, with 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MCA) and pyocyanin (PYO) localized to the colony edge. Anaerobic growth on nitrate confirms the O2-dependence of PYO production and indicates an effect of O2 availability on 5-MCA synthesis. This integrated-circuit-based technique promises wide applicability in detecting redox-active species from diverse biological samples.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Yarmolinsky James , Bordin Barbieri Natália , Weinmann Tobias , Ziegelmann Patricia K. , Duncan Bruce B. , Schmidt Maria Inês
Published: January 2016

An emerging body of evidence has implicated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), though findings have not always been consistent. We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies examining the association of PAI-1 with T2D. EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies for inclusion. Fifty-two studies (44 cross-sectional with 47 unique analytical comparisons and 8 prospective) were included. In pooled random-effects analyses of prospective studies, a comparison of the top third vs. bottom third of baseline PAI-1 values generated a RR of T2D of 1.67 (95% CI 1.28–2.18) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 38%). Additionally, of 47 cross-sectional comparisons, 34(72%) reported significantly elevated PAI-1 among diabetes cases versus controls, 2(4%) reported significantly elevated PAI-1 among controls and 11(24%) reported null effects. Results from pooled analyses of prospective studies did not differ substantially by study design, length of follow-up, adjustment for various putative confounding factors, or study quality and were robust to sensitivity analyses. Findings from this systematic review of the available epidemiological literature support a link between PAI-1 and T2D, independent of established diabetes risk factors. Given the moderate size of the association and heterogeneity across studies, future prospective studies are warranted.
Correction: Corrigendum: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Promotes Vascular Calcification via SMAD1/5/8 Phosphorylation
Authors: Lee Sun Joo , Jeong Ji Yun , Oh Chang Joo , Park Sungmi , Kim Joon-Young , Kim Han-Jong , Kim Nam Doo , Choi Young-Keun , Do Ji-Yeon , Go Younghoon , Ha Chae-Myeong , Choi Je-Yong , Huh Seung , Jeoung Nam Ho , Lee Ki-Up , Choi Hueng-Sik , Wang Yu , Park Keun-Gyu , Harris Robert A. , Lee In-Kyu
Published: January 2016

Vascular calcification, a pathologic response to defective calcium and phosphate homeostasis, is strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this study, we have observed that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is upregulated and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex phosphorylation is increased in calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in calcified vessels of patients with atherosclerosis, suggesting that PDK4 plays an important role in vascular calcification. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PDK4 ameliorated the calcification in phosphate-treated VSMCs and aortic rings and in vitamin D3-treated mice. PDK4 augmented the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs by phosphorylating SMAD1/5/8 via direct interaction, which enhances BMP2 signaling. Furthermore, increased expression of PDK4 in phosphate-treated VSMCs induced mitochondrial dysfunction followed by apoptosis. Taken together, our results show that upregulation of PDK4 promotes vascular calcification by increasing osteogenic markers with no adverse effect on bone formation, demonstrating that PDK4 is a therapeutic target for vascular calcification.
TCTP contains a BH3-like domain, which instead of inhibiting, activates Bcl-xL
Authors: Thébault Stéphanie , Agez Morgane , Chi Xiaoke , Stojko Johann , Cura Vincent , Telerman Stéphanie B. , Maillet Laurent , Gautier Fabien , Billas-Massobrio Isabelle , Birck Catherine , Troffer-Charlier Nathalie , Karafin Teele , Honoré Joane , Senff-Ribeiro Andrea , Montessuit Sylvie , Johnson Christopher M. , Juin Philippe , Cianférani Sarah , Martinou Jean-Claude , Andrews David W. , Amson Robert , Telerman Adam , Cavarelli Jean
Published: January 2016

Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) is anti-apoptotic, key in development and cancer, however without the typical Bcl2 family members’ structure. Here we report that TCTP contains a BH3-like domain and forms heterocomplexes with Bcl-xL. The crystal structure of a Bcl-xL deletion variant-TCTP11–31 complex reveals that TCTP refolds in a helical conformation upon binding the BH3-groove of Bcl-xL, although lacking the h1-subregion interaction. Experiments using in vitro-vivo reconstituted systems and TCTP+/− mice indicate that TCTP activates the anti-apoptotic function of Bcl-xL, in contrast to all other BH3-proteins. Replacing the non-conserved h1 of TCTP by that of Bax drastically increases the affinity of this hybrid for Bcl-xL, modifying its biological properties. This work reveals a novel class of BH3-proteins potentiating the anti-apoptotic function of Bcl-xL.
Systems-Pharmacology Dissection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Saffron Formula Reveals Multi-scale Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Liu Jianling , Mu Jiexin , Zheng Chunli , Chen Xuetong , Guo Zihu , Huang Chao , Fu Yingxue , Tian Guihua , Shang Hongcai , Wang Yonghua
Published: January 2016

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been regarding as “the world’s first killer” of human beings in recent years owing to the striking morbidity and mortality, the involved molecular mechanisms are extremely complex and remain unclear. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adheres to the aim of combating complex diseases from an integrative and holistic point of view, which has shown effectiveness in CVDs therapy. However, system-level understanding of such a mechanism of multi-scale treatment strategy for CVDs is still difficult. Here, we developed a system pharmacology approach with the purpose of revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms exemplified by a famous compound saffron formula (CSF) in treating CVDs. First, by systems ADME analysis combined with drug targeting process, 103 potential active components and their corresponding 219 direct targets were retrieved and some key interactions were further experimentally validated. Based on this, the network relationships among active components, targets and diseases were further built to uncover the pharmacological actions of the drug. Finally, a “CVDs pathway” consisted of several regulatory modules was incorporated to dissect the therapeutic effects of CSF in different pathological features-relevant biological processes. All this demonstrates CSF has multi-scale curative activity in regulating CVD-related biological processes, which provides a new potential way for modern medicine in the treatment of complex diseases.
High Throughput Label Free Measurement of Cancer Cell Adhesion Kinetics Under Hemodynamic Flow
Authors: Spencer Adrianne , Baker Aaron B.
Published: January 2016

The kinetics of receptor-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and adherent cell monolayers plays a key role in many physiological and pathological processes including cancer metastasis. Within this process the presence of fluidic shear forces is a key regulator of binding equilibrium and kinetics of cell adhesion. Current techniques to examine the kinetics of cell adhesion are either performed in the absence of flow or are low throughput, limiting their application to pharmacological compound screening or the high throughput investigation of biological mechanisms. We developed a high throughput flow device that applies flow in a multi-well format and interfaced this system with electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system to allow label free detection of cell adhesion. We demonstrate that this combined system is capable of making real time measurements of cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and immobilized platelets. In addition, we examined the dependence of the kinetics of binding of cancer cells on the level of shear stress and in the presence of small molecule inhibitors to adhesion-related pathways. This versatile system is broadly adaptable to the high throughput study of cell adhesion kinetics for many applications including drug screening and the investigation of the mechanisms of cancer metastasis.
Towards 5G: A Photonic Based Millimeter Wave Signal Generation for Applying in 5G Access Fronthaul
Authors: Alavi S. E. , Soltanian M. R. K. , Amiri I. S. , Khalily M. , Supa’at A. S. M. , Ahmad H.
Published: January 2016

5G communications require a multi Gb/s data transmission in its small cells. For this purpose millimeter wave (mm-wave) RF signals are the best solutions to be utilized for high speed data transmission. Generation of these high frequency RF signals is challenging in electrical domain therefore photonic generation of these signals is more studied. In this work, a photonic based simple and robust method for generating millimeter waves applicable in 5G access fronthaul is presented. Besides generating of the mm-wave signal in the 60 GHz frequency band the radio over fiber (RoF) system for transmission of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with 5 GHz bandwidth is presented. For the purpose of wireless transmission for 5G application the required antenna is designed and developed. The total system performance in one small cell was studied and the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the system was evaluated.
Stable solid and aqueous H2CO3 from CO2 and H2O at high pressure and high temperature
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Zeuschner Janek , Eremets Mikhail , Troyan Ivan , Willams Jonathan
Published: January 2016

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) forms in small amounts when CO2 dissolves in H2O, yet decomposes rapidly under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Despite its fleeting existence, H2CO3 plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and in biological carbonate-containing systems. The short lifetime in water and presumed low concentration under all terrestrial conditions has stifled study of this fundamental species. Here, we have examined CO2/H2O mixtures under conditions of high pressure and high temperature to explore the potential for reaction to H2CO3 inside celestial bodies. We present a novel method to prepare solid H2CO3 by heating CO2/H2O mixtures at high pressure with a CO2 laser. Furthermore, we found that, contrary to present understanding, neutral H2CO3 is a significant component in aqueous CO2 solutions above 2.4 GPa and 110 °C as identified by IR-absorption and Raman spectroscopy. This is highly significant for speciation of deep C–O–H fluids with potential consequences for fluid-carbonate-bearing rock interactions. As conditions inside subduction zones on Earth appear to be most favorable for production of aqueous H2CO3, a role in subduction related phenomena is inferred.
PMD: A Resource for Archiving and Analyzing Protein Microarray data
Authors: Xu Zhaowei , Huang Likun , Zhang Hainan , Li Yang , Guo Shujuan , Wang Nan , Wang Shi-hua , Chen Ziqing , Wang Jingfang , Tao Sheng-ce
Published: January 2016

Protein microarray is a powerful technology for both basic research and clinical study. However, because there is no database specifically tailored for protein microarray, the majority of the valuable original protein microarray data is still not publically accessible. To address this issue, we constructed Protein Microarray Database (PMD), which is specifically designed for archiving and analyzing protein microarray data. In PMD, users can easily browse and search the entire database by experimental name, protein microarray type and sample information. Additionally, PMD integrates several data analysis tools and provides an automated data analysis pipeline for users. With just one click, users can obtain a comprehensive analysis report for their protein microarray data. The report includes preliminary data analysis, such as data normalization, candidate identification and an in-depth bioinformatics analysis of the candidates, which include functional annotation, pathway analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. PMD is now freely available at www.proteinmicroarray.cn.
70-fs mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with topological insulator
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Pang Lihui , Han Hainian , Tian Wenlong , Chen Hao , Lei Ming , Yan Peiguang , Wei Zhiyi
Published: January 2016

Femtosecond optical pulses have applications in optical communication, astronomical frequency combs and laser spectroscopy. Here, a hybrid mode-locked erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser with topological insulator (TI) is proposed, for the first time to our best knowledge. The pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method is employed to fabricate the fiber-taper TI saturable absorber (TISA). By virtue of the fiber-taper TISA, the hybrid EDF laser is passively mode-locked using the nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) and emits 70 fs pulses at 1542 nm, whose 3 dB spectral width is 63 nm with a repetition rate and transfer efficiency of 95.4 MHz and 14.12%, respectively. Our experiments indicate that the proposed hybrid mode-locked EDF lasers have better performance to achieve shorter pulses with higher power and lower mode-locking threshold in the future.
Insights into gas-phase reaction mechanisms of small carbon radicals using isomer-resolved product detection
Authors: Trevitt Adam J. , Goulay Fabien
Published: January 2016

Gas-phase radical reactions of CN and CH with small hydrocarbons are overviewed with emphasis on isomer-resolved product detection.
A strain or electric field induced direct bandgap in ultrathin silicon film and its application in photovoltaics or photocatalysis
Authors: Cao Tengfei , Wang Da , Geng Dong-Sheng , Liu Li-Min , Zhao Jijun
Published: January 2016

Direct bandgaps are highly desired in all silicon allotropes. For ultrathin silicon films, strain or electric field can efficiently induce direct band-gaps in them.
Towards dial-a-molecule by integrating continuous flow, analytics and self-optimisation
Authors: Sans Victor , Cronin Leroy
Published: January 2016

The integration of continuous-flow chemistry, in-line analytics and intelligent algorithms paves the way for autonomous platforms that rapidly close the gap between discovery and production.
Carbon nanofiber-supported ReOx catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived compounds
Authors: Ghampson I. Tyrone , Sepúlveda Catherine , García Rafael , Fierro José L. G. , Escalona Néstor
Published: January 2016

The effect of ReOx loading (2–13 wt%) and H2 pressure (0–5 MPa) for the hydrodeoxygenation of phenol has been studied for carbon nanofiber-supported ReOx catalysts in a batch reactor at 573 K.
DNA binding properties, histidine interaction and cytotoxicity studies of water soluble ruthenium(ii) terpyridine complexes
Authors: Lazić Dejan , Arsenijević Aleksandar , Puchta Ralph , Bugarčić Živadin D. , Rilak Ana
Published: January 2016

UV-Vis spectroscopy studies, viscosity measurements and competitive binding studies with EB have revealed the ability of the complexes to bind to CT DNA covalently through N7 of guanine residues and non-covalently through intercalation.
Polyoxovanadate-based organic–inorganic hybrids: from {V5O9Cl} clusters to nanosized octahedral cages
Authors: Zhang Yu-Teng , Wang Xin-Long , Zhou En-Long , Wu Xue-Song , Song Bai-Qiao , Shao Kui-Zhan , Su Zhong-Min
Published: January 2016

Three nanosized polyoxovanadate-based metal–organic polyhedra have been successfully synthesized, which adopt isostructural octahedral cage geometries.
Robust control over morphologies and grain interfaces of three-dimensional well-ordered superstructures programmed by hybrid topographical-chemical templates
Authors: Cong Zhinan , Zhang Liangshun , Wang Liquan , Lin Jiaping
Published: January 2016

We theoretically engineer and demonstrate a novel class of hybrid templates for programming three-dimensional defect-free structures with controllable morphologies and predictable internal components.
Cross-dehydrogenative regioselective Csp3–Csp2coupling of enamino-ketones followed by rearrangement: an amazing formation route to acridine-1,8-dione derivatives
Authors: Sarkar Rajib , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: January 2016

A novel route for the construction of acridine-1,8-dione derivatives through CDC coupling of enamino-ketones followed by rearrangement.
Amorphous ZnO based resistive random access memory
Authors: Huang Yong , Shen Zihan , Wu Ye , Wang Xiaoqiu , Zhang Shufang , Shi Xiaoqin , Zeng Haibo
Published: January 2016

Amorphous zinc oxide (a-ZnO) based resistive random access memory (RRAM) Ag/a-ZnO/Pt devices were fabricated and their resistive switching characteristics investigated.
Thermosensitivity profile of malignant glioma U87-MG cells and human endothelial cells following γ-Fe2O3NPs internalization and magnetic field application
Authors: Hanini A. , Lartigue L. , Gavard J. , Schmitt A. , Kacem K. , Wilhelm C. , Gazeau F. , Chau F. , Ammar S.
Published: January 2016

In this study the thermosensitivity of malignant glioblastoma cells (U87-MG), incubated with superparamagnetic 10 nm sized polyol-made γ-Fe2O3particles and exposed to an alternating magnetic field (700 kHz, 23.10 kA m−1) for 1 hour, is evidenced.
Electrodeposition of polypyrrole on carbon nanotube-coated cotton fabrics for all-solid flexible supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Huang Sanqing , Chen Peishan , Lin Wenzhen , Lyu Siwei , Chen Guangda , Yin Xinyi , Chen Wenxing
Published: January 2016

Polypyrrole and carbon nanotube were attached on cotton fabrics as electrodes to prepare all-solid, flexible supercapacitors.
Photoelectrochemical glucose biosensor based on a dehydrogenase enzyme and NAD+/NADH redox couple using a quantum dot modified pencil graphite electrode
Authors: Ertek Bensu , Akgül Cahit , Dilgin Yusuf
Published: January 2016

A simple, disposable and economical modified electrode was prepared by electrodeposition of hybrid quantum dots onto a pencil graphite electrode surface and immobilization of glucose dehydrogenase onto the quantum dot modified electrode.
Mechanisms and kinetic parameters for the gas-phase reactions of anthracene and pyrene with Cl atoms in the presence of NOx
Authors: Dang Juan , He Maoxia
Published: January 2016

The mechanisms of the Cl radical-initiated atmospheric oxidation of anthracene (Ant) and pyrene (Pyr) were investigated by using quantum chemistry calculations.
A comparative antimicrobial and toxicological study of gold(iii) and silver(i) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles: synergistic activity and improved selectivity index of Au(iii)/Ag(i) complexes mixture
Authors: Savić Nada D. , Milivojevic Dusan R. , Glišić Biljana Đ. , Ilic-Tomic Tatjana , Veselinovic Jovana , Pavic Aleksandar , Vasiljevic Branka , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Djuran Miloš I.
Published: January 2016

Combination therapy may be applied in the case of gold(iii) and silver(i) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles to improve their antimicrobial activity and reduce toxic-side effects.
pH-responsive ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer membrane based on porphyrin supramolecular self-assembly
Authors: Liu Manman , Zhao Lizhi , Li Sensen , Ye Hui , An Huiqin , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: January 2016

The pH-dependent supramolecular assemblies of porphyrin formed a switchable pore-covering gate and resulted in the pH-sensitivity of membrane.
Enhancing the permeation selectivity of sodium alginate membrane by incorporating attapulgite nanorods for ethanol dehydration
Authors: Xing Ruisi , Pan Fusheng , Zhao Jing , Cao Keteng , Gao Chengyun , Yang Sen , Liu Guanhua , Wu Hong , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: January 2016

Hydrophilic AT nanorods with selective channels were applied to fabricate hybrid membranes with high permeation selectivity for ethanol dehydration.
Electrochemically fabricated gold dendrites with underpotential deposited silver monolayers for a bimetallic SERS-active substrate
Authors: Lai Ying-Huang , Kuo Shan-Chi , Hsieh Yun-Ching , Tai Yu-Chun , Hung Wei-Hsiu , Jeng U-Ser
Published: January 2016

SERS of Ag-covered Au-dendrites (Ag–Au-Ds) outperforms that of Au-Ds at a specific 633 nm laser excitation, and is attributed to improved chemical mechanism (CM) SERS with the Ag–p-NTP bonding and the p-NTP molecular architecture.
Size controllable redispersion of sintered Au nanoparticles by using iodohydrocarbon and its implications
Authors: Duan Xinping , Tian Xuelin , Ke Jinhuo , Yin Yan , Zheng Jianwei , Chen Jin , Cao Zhenming , Xie Zhaoxiong , Yuan Youzhu
Published: January 2016

A reverse agglomeration of sintered large Au particles into small ones with size controlled Au nanoparticles has been successfully developed.
Self-healing fluoropolymer brushes as highly polymer-repellent coatings
Authors: Wang Zhanhua , Zuilhof Han
Published: January 2016

An SI-ATRP-based fluoropolymer brush combines high stability with excellent repellence against a range of organic polymers. In addition, upon serious damage (acid/base/UV) both the hydrophobicity and antifouling character can be repaired many times.
The influence of pore size distribution on the oxygen reduction reaction performance in nitrogen doped carbon microspheres
Authors: Ferrero G. A. , Preuss K. , Fuertes A. B. , Sevilla M. , Titirici M.-M.
Published: January 2016

High-performance nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction have been synthesized by the rational design of their pore structure.
Epigenetic toxicity of trichloroethylene: a single-molecule perspective
Authors: Cui Yi , Choudhury Samrat Roy , Irudayaraj Joseph
Published: January 2016

The volatile, water soluble trichloroethylene (TCE) is a hazardous industrial waste and could lead to various health problems through disrupting the interaction between DNA and epigenetic enzymes.
Oxidative stress and abdominal aortic aneurysm: potential treatment targets
Authors: Emeto Theophilus I. , Moxon Joseph V. , Au Minnie , Golledge Jonathan
Published: January 2016

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a significant cause of mortality in older adults. A key mechanism implicated in AAA pathogenesis is inflammation and the associated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. These have been suggested to promote degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascular smooth muscle apoptosis. Experimental and human association studies suggest that ROS can be favourably modified to limit AAA formation and progression. In the present review, we discuss mechanisms potentially linking ROS to AAA pathogenesis and highlight potential treatment strategies targeting ROS. Currently, none of these strategies has been shown to be effective in clinical practice.
Toddlers' Verb Lexicon Diversity and Grammatical Outcomes
Authors: Hadley Pamela A. , Rispoli Matthew , Hsu Ning
Published: January 2016

Purpose

The goals of this study were to quantify longitudinal expectations for verb lexicon growth and to determine whether verb lexicon measures were better predictors of later grammatical outcomes than noun lexicon measures.

Method

Longitudinal parent-report measures from the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (Fenson et al., 2007) from ages 21 to 30 months from an archival database were used to model growth in common noun and verb lexicon size for 45 typically developing toddlers. Communicative Development Inventory growth coefficients and 24-month measures of lexical diversity from spontaneous language samples were used to predict 30-month grammatical outcomes on the Index of Productive Syntax (Scarborough, 1990).

Results

Average verb growth was characterized by 50.57 verbs at 24 months, with linear growth of 8.29 verbs per month and deceleration overall. Children with small verb lexicons or slow linear growth at 24 months accelerated during this developmental period. Verb lexicon measures were better predictors of grammatical outcomes than noun lexicon measures, accounting for 47.8% of the variance in Index of Productive Syntax scores. Lexical verb diversity in spontaneous speech emerged as the single best predictor.

Conclusion

Measures of verb lexicon size and diversity should be included as part of early language assessment to guide clinical decision making with young children at risk for language impairment.
A Comparison of High and Low Dosages of a Component of Milieu Teaching Strategies for Two Preschool-Age Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Julien Hannah M. , Reichle Joe
Published: January 2016

Purpose

The intersection of treatment intensity and communication intervention is an emerging area of investigation. Milieu teaching (MT) approaches for teaching communication skills to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a substantial evidence base (see Goldstein, 2002). However, a relatively small percentage (37.8%) of MT studies have fully detailed the parameters that are required to determine treatment intensity (Parker-McGowan et al., 2014). This study compared the effect of two dosages of the modeling component of milieu teaching on acquisition and maintenance of new vocabulary for two preschoolers with ASD.

Method

Low- and high-dosage conditions were compared within an adapted alternating treatments design. Participants were two preschool-age children with ASD.

Results

Results suggested a functional relationship between dose of MT models and acquisition of vocabulary items. For 1 participant, a high-dose application yielded more efficient acquisition. For the second participant, a low-dose application yielded more efficient acquisition.

Conclusion

The results of this study highlight the influence of individual differences in ostensibly similar persons and response to intervention. The need for better quantifying dosage parameters and examining the relationship between dosage and intervention approaches for preschool-age learners with ASD is discussed.
Families of asymmetric sequence pair set with zero‐correlation zone via interleaved technique
Authors: Wang Longye , Zeng Xiaoli , Wen Hong
Published: January 2016

An asymmetric zero‐correlation zone (A‐ZCZ) sequence pair set is a ZCZ sequence pair set consisting of multiple ZCZ sequence pair subsets. Two arbitrary sequence pairs which belong to different subsets should have a large zero cross‐correlation zone (ZCCZ) in the A‐ZCZ sequence pair set. Additionally, each subset is a typical ZCZ sequence pair set. The proposed A‐ZCZ sequence pair sets can be generated based on interleaved technique from perfect sequence or perfect sequence pair of length P = Nmk with N ≥ 1, m ≥ 1, k > 1. The new A‐ZCZ sequence pair sets are applied to quasi‐synchronous code‐division multiple‐access (QS‐CDMA) systems and it can hypothetically achieve larger ZCCZ than typical ZCZ sequence pair sets, as well as eliminating both multiple access and multipath interference in the QS‐CDMA system.
Biological Treatment Approaches for Degenerative Disk Disease: A Literature Review of in Vivo Animal and Clinical Data
Authors: Moriguchi Yu , Alimi Marjan , Khair Thamina , Manolarakis George , Berlin Connor , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Härtl Roger
Published: January 2016

Study Design

Literature review.

Objective

Degenerative disk disease (DDD) has a negative impact on quality of life and is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. There has been a growing interest in the biological repair of DDD by both researchers and clinicians alike. To generate an overview of the recent progress in reparative strategies for the treatment of DDD highlighting their promises and limitations, a comprehensive review of the current literature was performed elucidating data from in vivo animal and clinical studies.

Methods

Articles and abstracts available in electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as of December 2014 were reviewed. Additionally, data from unpublished, ongoing clinical trials was retrieved from clinicaltrials.gov and available abstracts from research forums. Data was extracted from the most recent in vivo animal or clinical studies involving any of the following: (1) treatment with biomolecules, cells, or tissue-engineered constructs and (2) annulus fibrosus repair.

Results

Seventy-five articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Among these, 17 studies involved humans; 37, small quadrupeds; and 21, large quadrupeds. Findings from all treatments employed demonstrated improvement either in regenerative capacity or in pain attenuation, with the exception of one clinical study.

Conclusion

Published clinical studies on cell therapy have reported encouraging results in the treatment of DDD and resultant back pain. We expect new data to emerge in the near future as treatments for DDD continue to evolve in parallel to our greater understanding of disk health and pathology.