bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Resistant Severe Digital Ischemia Associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Male Patient with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Küçükşahin Orhan , Ateş Aşkın , Okoh Alexis K. , Kulahcioglu Emre , Turgay Murat , Kınıklı Gülay
Published: July 2014

We report the case of a male patient with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) that was complicated with severe digital ischemia, resistant to medical treatment. Due to the lack of treatment response, further laboratory and imaging studies were conducted. Findings were compatible with antiphospholipid syndrome and oral warfarin was added to the treatment regimen. After successful anticoagulation no further recurrences of digital ischemia were seen. An underlying etiology in SSc patients with treatment resistant digital ischemic necrosis should be suspected for accompanying antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
Sensitization of Cancer Cells through Reduction of Total Akt and Downregulation of Salinomycin-Induced pAkt, pGSk3β, pTSC2, and p4EBP1 by Cotreatment with MK-2206
Authors: Choi Ae-Ran , Kim Ju-Hwa , Yoon Sungpil
Published: July 2014

MK-2206 is an inhibitor of Akt activation. It has been investigated as an anticancer drug in clinical trials assessing the potential of pAkt targeting therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify conditions that increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to MK-2206. We found that the treatment of cancer cells with a high concentration of salinomycin (Sal) reduced total Akt protein levels but increased activated Akt levels. When cancer cells were cotreated with MK-2206 and Sal, both pAkt and total Akt levels were reduced. Using microscopic observation, an assessment of cleaved PARP, FACS analysis of pre-G1 region, and Hoechst staining, we found that Sal increased apoptosis of MK-2206-treated cancer cells. These results suggest that cotreatment with MK-2206 and Sal sensitizes cancer cells via reduction of both pAkt and total Akt. Furthermore, cotreatment of cancer cells with Sal and MK-2206 reduced pp70S6K, pmTOR, and pPDK1 levels. In addition, Sal-induced activation of GSK3β, TSC2, and 4EBP1 was abolished by MK-2206 cotreatment. These results suggest that cotreatment using MK-2206 and Sal could be used as a therapeutic method to sensitize cancer cells through targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our findings may contribute to the development of MK-2206-based sensitization therapies for cancer patients.
Preparation of Three-Dimensional Vascularized MSC Cell Sheet Constructs for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Ren Liling , Ma Dongyang , Liu Bin , Li Jinda , Chen Jia , Yang Dan , Gao Peng
Published: July 2014

Engineering three-dimensional (3D) vascularized constructs remains a challenge due to the inability to form rich microvessel networks. In this study we engineered a prevascularized 3D cell sheet construct for tissue regeneration using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells as cell sources. hMSCs were cultured to form a thick cell sheet, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were then seeded on the hMSCs sheet to form networks. The single prevascularized HUVEC/hMSC cell sheet was folded to form a 3D construct by a modified cell sheet engineering technique.In vitroresults indicated that the hMSCs cell sheet promoted the HUVECs cell migration to form networks in horizontal and vertical directions.In vivoresults showed that many blood vessels grew into the 3D HUVEC/hMSC cell sheet constructs after implanted in the subcutaneous pocket of immunodeficient mice. The density of blood vessels in the prevascularized constructs was higher than that in the nonprevascularized constructs. Immunohistochemistry staining further showed thatin vitropreformed human capillaries in the prevascularized constructs anastomosed with the host vasculature to form functional blood vessels. These results suggest the promising potential of this 3D prevascularized construct using hMSCs cell sheet as a platform for wide applications in engineering vascularized tissues.
PEEK Cages versus PMMA Spacers in Anterior Cervical Discectomy: Comparison of Fusion, Subsidence, Sagittal Alignment, and Clinical Outcome with a Minimum 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Klingler Jan-Helge , Krüger Marie T. , Sircar Ronen , Kogias Evangelos , Scholz Christoph , Volz Florian , Scheiwe Christian , Hubbe Ulrich
Published: July 2014

Purpose. To compare radiographic and clinical outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy in patients with cervical degenerative disc disease using PEEK cages or PMMA spacers with a minimum 1-year follow-up.Methods. Anterior cervical discectomy was performed in 107 patients in one or two levels using empty PEEK cages (51 levels), Sulcem PMMA spacers (49 levels) or Palacos PMMA spacers (41 levels) between January, 2005 and February, 2009. Bony fusion, subsidence, and sagittal alignment were retrospectively assessed in CT scans and radiographs at follow-up. Clinical outcome was measured using the VAS, NDI, and SF-36.Results. Bony fusion was assessed in 65% (PEEK cage), 57% (Sulcem), and 46% (Palacos) after a mean follow-up of 2.5 years. Mean subsidence was 2.3–2.6 mm without significant differences between the groups. The most pronounced loss of lordosis was found in PEEK cages (−4.1°). VAS was 3.1 (PEEK cage), 3.6 (Sulcem), and 2.7 (Palacos) without significant differences. Functional outcome in the PEEK cage and Palacos group was superior to the Sulcem group.Conclusions. The substitute groups showed differing fusion rates. Clinical outcome, however, appears to be generally not correlated with fusion status or subsidence. We could not specify a superior disc substitute for anterior cervical discectomy. This trial is registered withDRKS00003591.
Pterostilbene on Metabolic Parameters: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, and Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Riche Daniel M. , Riche Krista D. , Blackshear Chad T. , McEwen Corey L. , Sherman Justin J. , Wofford Marion R. , Griswold Michael E.
Published: July 2014

Introduction. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effect of pterostilbene on metabolic parameters. Methods. A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled study that enrolled 80 patients with a total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL and/or LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL. Subjects were divided into four groups: (1) pterostilbene 125 mg twice daily; (2) pterostilbene 50 mg twice daily; (3) pterostilbene 50 mg + grape extract (GE) 100 mg twice daily; (4) matching placebo twice daily for 6–8 weeks. Endpoints included lipids, blood pressure, and weight. Linear mixed models were used to examine and compare changes in parameters over time. Models were adjusted for age, gender, and race. Results. LDL increased with pterostilbene monotherapy (17.1 mg/dL; P = 0.001) which was not seen with GE combination (P = 0.47). Presence of a baseline cholesterol medication appeared to attenuate LDL effects. Both systolic (−7.8 mmHg; P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (−7.3 mmHg; P < 0.001) were reduced with high dose pterostilbene. Patients not on cholesterol medication (n = 51) exhibited minor weight loss with pterostilbene (−0.62 kg/m2; P = 0.012). Conclusion. Pterostilbene increases LDL and reduces blood pressure in adults. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01267227.
Analgesia Synergism of Essential Oil from Pericarp of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Verapamil
Authors: Wu Gao , Wu Hanbin
Published: July 2014

Objective. To evaluate the synergistic analgesic effect of essential oil of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. (EOZ) and verapamil (Ver). Method. The qualitative and quantitative composition of EOZ were determined with gas chromatography/Mass spectrometer. The interaction between EOZ and Ver in antinociceptive activity was evaluated by using acetic acid‐induced writhing, hot plate, and tail flick tests in mice and in isolated toad sciatic nerve test. Results. Linalool, limonene, and sabinene are the major components of EOZ. EOZ (middle‐dose: 40 mg·kg−1, high‐dose: 80 mg·kg−1) and EOZ + Ver (Each dose group) have remarkable analgesic effects on pain in mice induced by acetic acid‐induced writhing, hot plate, and tail flick tests. Low‐dose EOZ (20 mg·kg−1) had no analgesic action, but when it is combined with Ver it has shown significant antinociception. Verapamil has a faint analgesic effect but was not able to inhibit action potential transmission in toad sciatic nerve. EOZ (0.2%) and EOZ + Ver (0.2% + 0.05%) also inhibited action potential transmission in toad sciatic nerve. Combination of EOZ with Ver had a greater analgesic effect and inhibition of nerve action potential transmission compared to its components EOZ and Ver. Conclusion. The combination of EOZ with Ver produces a synergistic analgesic effect.
Partial Facetectomy for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Authors: Kang Kevin , Rodriguez-Olaverri Juan Carlos , Schwab Frank , Hashem Jenifer , Razi Afshin , Farcy Jean Pierre
Published: July 2014

Background. Several different techniques exist to address the pain and disability caused by isolated nerve root impingement. Failure to adequately decompress the lumbar foramen may lead to failed back surgery syndrome. However, aggressive treatment often causes spinal instability or may require fusion for satisfactory results. We describe a novel technique for decompression of the lumbar nerve root and demonstrate its effectiveness in relief of radicular symptoms.Methods. Partial facetectomy was performed by removal of the medial portion of the superior facet in patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis. 47 patients underwent the procedure from 2001 to 2010. Those who demonstrated neurogenic claudication without spinal instability or central canal stenosis and failed conservative management were eligible for the procedure. Functional level was recorded for each patient. These patients were followed for an average of 3.9 years to evaluate outcomes.Results. 27 of 47 patients (57%) reported no back pain and no functional limitations. Eight of 47 patients (17%) reported moderate pain, but had no limitations. Six of 47 patients (13%) continued to experience degenerative symptoms. Five of 47 patients (11%) required additional surgery.Conclusions. Partial facetectomy is an effective means to decompress the lumbar nerve root foramen without causing spinal instability.
Diagnostic Features and Subtyping of Thymoma Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Sioletic Stefano , Lauriola Libero , Gallo Enzo , Martucci Robert , Evoli Amelia , Palmieri Giovannella , Melis Enrico , Pizzi Giuseppe , Rinaldi Massimo , Lalle Maurizio , Pescarmona Edoardo , Granone Pierluigi , Facciolo Francesco , Marino Mirella
Published: July 2014

Aim.The purpose of the present study was to characterize the morphological features of thymoma metastases in lymph nodes and to evaluate the possibility of their subtyping according to the 2004 WHO classification of thymus tumors.Materials and Methods.We reviewed 210 thymoma cases in our series of thymic epithelial tumors (TET), including their recurrences and lymphogenous metastases. Three cases of lymph node metastases, one case occurring synchronously with the primary tumor and one synchronously with the first relapse (both in intrathoracic location) and one case of metastasis observed in a laterocervical lymph node subsequently to two thymoma relapses were found.Results.The metastatic nodes were variably but extensively involved in all cases. The histological features were similar in both primary tumors and metastases. Thymoma metastases were subtyped according to the WHO classification as B3 (one case) and B2 (two cases), and distinctive features in comparison to metastatic epithelial neoplasias from other sites were observed.Conclusion.Thymoma lymph node metastases, although rare, can be subtyped according to the WHO classification on the basis of their morphological and immunohistochemical features. Clinically, the presence of nodal metastases may herald subsequent relapses and further metastases even in extrathoracic sites.
Comparison Theorems of Spectral Radius for Splittings of Matrices
Authors: Li Cui-Xia , Li Su-Hua
Published: July 2014

A class of the iteration method from the double splitting of coefficient matrix for solving the linear system is further investigated. By structuring a new matrix, the iteration matrix of the corresponding double splitting iteration method is presented. On the basis of convergence and comparison theorems for single splittings, we present some new convergence and comparison theorems on spectral radius for splittings of matrices.
Locked Mouths: Tooth Loss in a Women’s Prison in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Iris Sant’ Anna Araújo , Silveira Ingrid Thays de Melo , Pinto Magaly Suênya de Almeida , Xavier Alidianne Fabia Cabral , Oliveira Thaliny Batista Sarmento de , Paiva Saul Martins de , Castro Ricardo Dias de , Cavalcanti Alessandro Leite
Published: July 2014

Background. Prisoners, in general, exhibit unsatisfactory oral conditions, especially with regard to the large number of missing teeth and with untreated caries. The aim of this study was to assess tooth loss, use of and need for prosthetic rehabilitation, and use of dental services among inmates. A cross-sectional study involving 65 inmates was developed at the Regional Women’s Prison of Campina Grande, Brazil. Data regarding sociodemographic and sentencing profile, use of dental services, dental morbidity, and self-perceived oral health impacts were investigated. Chi-square, Pearson, and Kruskal-Wallis (P<0.05) statistical tests were used. The mean tooth loss was 11.3 teeth. Significant association between tooth loss and oral health satisfaction (P=0.049), self-perceived need for dental prosthesis (P<0.001), uncomfortable teeth brushing (P=0.005), difficult speaking (P=0.002), and difficulty in performing routine tasks (P=0.025) was observed. It was observed that 29.2% of inmates were using some type of prosthesis, all deemed unsuitable for use, and 78.5% of inmates needed prosthetic rehabilitation. The oral health condition of the population studied was found to be poor, and prisoners showed significant tooth loss and need for dentures, with the aggravation of having tooth extraction as the major reason for seeking dental care.
Solvability for a Discrete Fractional Three-Point Boundary Value Problem at Resonance
Authors: Lv Weidong
Published: July 2014

This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions to a discrete three-point boundary value problem at resonance involving the Riemann-Liouville fractional difference of orderα∈(0,1]. Under certain suitable nonlinear growth conditions imposed on the nonlinear term, the existence result is established by using the coincidence degree continuation theorem. Additionally, a representative example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the main result.
Energy Efficient Hybrid Dual Axis Solar Tracking System
Authors: Ferdaus Rashid Ahammed , Mohammed Mahir Asif , Rahman Sanzidur , Salehin Sayedus , Mannan Mohammad Abdul
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the design and implementation of an energy efficient solar tracking system from a normal mechanical single axis to a hybrid dual axis. For optimizing the solar tracking mechanism electromechanical systems were evolved through implementation of different evolutional algorithms and methodologies. To present the tracker, a hybrid dual-axis solar tracking system is designed, built, and tested based on both the solar map and light sensor based continuous tracking mechanism. These light sensors also compare the darkness and cloudy and sunny conditions assisting daily tracking. The designed tracker can track sun’s apparent position at different months and seasons; thereby the electrical controlling device requires a real time clock device for guiding the tracking system in seeking solar position for the seasonal motion. So the combination of both of these tracking mechanisms made the designed tracker a hybrid one. The power gain and system power consumption are compared with a static and continuous dual axis solar tracking system. It is found that power gain of hybrid dual axis solar tracking system is almost equal to continuous dual axis solar tracking system, whereas the power saved in system operation by the hybrid tracker is 44.44% compared to the continuous tracking system.
Effect of Patient’s Personality on Satisfaction with Their Present Complete Denture and after Increasing the Occlusal Vertical Dimension: A Study of Edentulous Egyptian Patients
Authors: Fouda Shaimaa M. , Al-Attar Mohamed S. , Virtanen Jorma I. , Raustia Aune
Published: July 2014

Complete denture wearers often find it difficult to accept a new denture. Personality traits are among the factors that possibly affect patient satisfaction with a complete denture. Our aim was to investigate the influence of patients’ personality on satisfaction with their present denture and after an increase in the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Sixty edentulous patients with complete dentures (22 men and 38 women, mean age 66 years, and range 50–75 years) participated in the study. The age of their complete dentures ranged from 5 to 16 years. Patients’ personalities were evaluated using the Arabic version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Their satisfaction with their dentures before and after restoration of the OVD and relining of the mandibular denture was evaluated using two questionnaires (I and II), Patients with a high score of neuroticism were less satisfied with their original dentures and after relining and an increase of OVD compared with patients with an average score in that trait. The personality trait of psychoticism was significant to patients’ acceptance of an increase in OVD; that is, patients with a high score were less satisfied with their dentures after increase of OVD than patients with an average score. It is concluded that personality traits affect patients’ acceptance of their complete dentures.
A Novel Method Defends against the Path-Based DoS for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Chen Dong , Zhang Zhenjiang , Tseng Fan-Hsun , Chao Han-Chieh , Chou Li-Der
Published: July 2014

WSNs are significantly different from the traditional network architecture due to its wireless communication, energy limitation, and computation constraint and environment of the application. Because of these differences, security becomes a critical issue. The path-based denial of service (PDoS) attacks harm the network maintenance and cause serious damage in the resource constrained WSNs. In a PDoS attack, an adversary can overwhelm sensor node and cluster head node to flood packets along the routing path so that intermediate node must keep active mode and exhaust the energy. In this paper, we creatively propose a novel method, which is operated at the base station to detect the malicious behavior. The proposed method is combined with triple exponential smoothing and Markov chain, so that it makes the detection results more accurate. Meanwhile, we first use the concept of black hole to defend the PDoS attack in WSNs. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance and illustrate the contribution of this mechanism.
Protective Effects ofElaeagnus angustifoliaLeaf Extract against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Wang Binsheng , Qu Hengyi , Ma Jun , Sun Xiling , Wang Dong , Zheng Qiusheng , Xing Du
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study is to clarify the cardioprotective property of the aqueous extract ofElaeagnus angustifoliaL. leaf (EA) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart. The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model of isolated rat heart was set up by the use of improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, the aqueous extract ofElaeagnus angustifoliaL. leaf (0.5 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL) pretreatment markedly improved the coronary flow (CF) and raised left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and maximum rise/down velocity (±dp/dtmax). The infarct size of the EA-treated hearts was smaller than that of I/R group. After treatment with EA, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased; malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl content reduced more obviously (P<0.01) than that of I/R injury myocardial tissue.Conclusion. Results from the present study showed that the aqueous extract ofElaeagnus angustifoliaL. leaf has obvious protective effects on myocardial I/R injury, which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
Overexpression and Selectively Regulatory Roles of IL-23/IL-17 Axis in the Lesions of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Lu Rui , Zeng Xin , Han Qi , Lin Mu , Long Long , Dan Hongxia , Zhou Gang , Chen Qianming
Published: July 2014

Interleukin- (IL-) 23/IL-17 axis is a newly discovered proinflammatory signaling pathway and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory and immune disorders. Here we investigated whether the IL-23/IL-17 axis was present and functional in the lesions of oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the oral mucosa. Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR, we found that the subunits of IL-23 and IL-17 were overexpressed in OLP lesions than in normal oral mucosa tissues. In addition, the expressions of IL-23 and IL-17 are positively correlated in reticular OLP tissues. Results from in vitro studies revealed that exogenous IL-23 could increase the percentage of Th17 cells and IL-17 production in the CD4+T cells from reticular OLP patients. Furthermore, we also found that exogenous IL-17 could significantly enhance the mRNA expressions ofβ-defensin-2, -3, CCL-20, IL-8, and TNF-α, but notβ-defensin-1, CXCL-9, -10, -11, CCL-5, and IL-6 in human oral keratinocytes. Taken together, our results revealed an overexpression pattern and selectively regulatory roles of IL-23/IL-17 axis in the OLP lesions, suggesting that it may be a pivotal regulatory pathway in the complex immune network of OLP lesions.
(n−1)-Step Derivations onn-Groupoids: The Casen=3
Authors: Alshehri N. O. , Kim Hee Sik , Neggers J.
Published: July 2014

We define a ranked trigroupoid as a natural followup on the idea of a ranked bigroupoid. We consider the idea of a derivation on such a trigroupoid as representing a two-step process on a pair of ranked bigroupoids where the mappingdis a self-derivation at each step. Following up on this idea we obtain several results and conclusions of interest. We also discuss the notion of a couplet(D,d)onX, consisting of a two-step derivationdand its squareD=d∘d, for example, whose defining property leads to further observations on the underlying ranked trigroupoids also.
Toxicity Effects of Toad (Rhinella jimiStevaux, 2002) Venom in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Gadelha Ivana Cristina Nunes , Lima Joseney Maia de , Batista Jael Soares , Melo Marilia Martins , Soto-Blanco Benito
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the pathological changes that occur after administering different doses ofR. jimi(Stevaux, 2002) parotoid glands secretion toGallus gallus domesticuschicks. Twenty-three animals were used in this study and were divided into 5 groups that received a toad venom dose of 0, 3.0 mg/kg, 6.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg, and 25.0 mg/kg. After 48 h, the necropsy and pathological examinations were performed. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any group. Macroscopically, hepatomegaly, areas of liver necrosis, splenomegaly, necrotic and hemorrhagic cardiac regions, hydropericardium, dark necrotic lesions of Meckel’s diverticulum, and hemorrhages in the lungs and kidneys were detected. Histopathological changes included diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, severe sinusoidal congestion, focal areas of hemorrhage in the parenchyma, swollen cardiac fibers, necrotic myocardial fibers, moderate to acute diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, necrosis of renal tubules, and extensive hemorrhagic areas below the brain and cerebellar meninges. In conclusion, pathological changes of theR. jimitoxins in chicks were noted in the heart, spleen, liver, Meckel’s diverticulum, lungs, and kidneys. Most of the changes were similar to those observed in humans and animals exposed to toxins from other toad species.
Stability Switches and Hopf Bifurcation in a Coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo Neural System with Multiple Delays
Authors: Yao Shengwei , Tu Huonian
Published: July 2014

A FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neural system with multiple delays has been proposed. The number of equilibrium point is analyzed. It implies that the neural system exhibits a unique equilibrium and three ones for the different values of coupling weight by employing the saddle-node bifurcation of nontrivial equilibrium point and transcritical bifurcation of trivial one. Further, the stability of equilibrium point is studied by analyzing the corresponding characteristic equation. Some stability criteria involving the multiple delays and coupling weight are obtained. The results show that the neural system exhibits the delay-independence and delay-dependence stability. Increasing delay induces the stability switching between resting state and periodic activity in some parameter regions of coupling weight. Finally, numerical simulations are taken to support the theoretical results.
Acetylated Hyaluronic Acid: Enhanced Bioavailability and Biological Studies
Authors: Saturnino Carmela , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Parisi Ortensia Ilaria , Iacopetta Domenico , Popolo Ada , Marzocco Stefania , Autore Giuseppina , Caruso Anna , Cappello Anna Rita , Longo Pasquale , Puoci Francesco
Published: July 2014

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a macropolysaccharidic component of the extracellular matrix, is common to most species and it is found in many sites of the human body, including skin and soft tissue. Not only does HA play a variety of roles in physiologic and in pathologic events, but it also has been extensively employed in cosmetic and skin-care products as drug delivery agent or for several biomedical applications. The most important limitations of HA are due to its short half-life and quick degradationin vivoand its consequently poor bioavailability. In the aim to overcome these difficulties, HA is generally subjected to several chemical changes. In this paper we obtained an acetylated form of HA with increased bioavailability with respect to the HA free form. Furthermore, an improved radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity has been evidenced, respectively, on ABTS radical cation and murine monocyte/macrophage cell lines (J774.A1).
Odontogenic Keratocyst Mimicking Paradental Cyst
Authors: Borgonovo Andrea Enrico , Bernardini Luigi , Francinetti Paola , Rizza Federica , Re Dino
Published: July 2014

Objective. The aim of this paper is to present an uncommon clinical and radiographic aspect of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) mimicking paradental cyst.Methods. A 32-year-old female patient showed a well-delimited radiolucent lesion connected with the root of the left third molar with close anatomical relationship with the mandibular canal. The clinical, radiographic, and anamnestic features lead us to diagnose a paradental cyst that was treated by enucleation after extraction of the partially impacted tooth.Results. Histological analysis showed typical histological features of PKC such as the presence of a lining of stratified squamous epithelium with a well-defined basal layer of palisading columnar of cuboidal cells.Conclusion. Initial X-ray analysis and the position of the lesion related to the third mandibular tooth caused us to mistakenly diagnose a paradental cyst. We were only able to identify the cyst as an PKC rather than a paradental cyst after histological analysis.
Effects of Young Barley Leaf Powder on Gastrointestinal Functions in Rats and Its Efficacy‐Related Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Ikeguchi Motoya , Tsubata Masahito , Takano Akira , Kamiya Tomoyasu , Takagaki Kinya , Ito Hideyuki , Sugawa-Katayama Yohko , Tsuji Hideaki
Published: July 2014

Young barley leaf is consumed as a popular green‐colored drink, which is named “Aojiru” in Japan. In the present study, we examined effects of young barley leaf powder (BL) on gastrointestinal transit time (GTT) and fecal moisture and weight in comparison with wheat bran (WB) in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. In addition, an attempt was made to identify BL components responsible for these effects by using various fractions of BL. Additionally, we examined the water‐holding capacity and setting volume of BL in vitro. We also examined the granular structures of BL with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, BL supplementation in the diet increased the fecal weight and shortened GTT. Our results demonstrate that the active component responsible for the effect on increasing the fecal volume in BL is the water‐insoluble dietary fiber fraction and that this effect is thought to be caused by stimulation of the gut tract by the pH lowering. Furthermore, the high laxative action of BL was thought to be ascribable to the high water‐holding capacity due to the complicated structures of BL.
Gonadotrophin-Independent Precocious Puberty Associated with Later Diagnosis of Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma
Authors: Senniappan Senthil , Wood Dan , Hakeem Vaseem , Stoneham Sara , Freeman Alex , Dattani Mehul
Published: July 2014

Background: Testicular tumours are very rare in children. Germ cell tumours (GCTs) account for the majority of testicular tumours in young people, and embryonal carcinomas are a common component of GCTs in adolescents. Case Presentation: A 9.8-year-old boy presented with the development of pubic and facial hair over a period of 2 years. He had a growth spurt and examination revealed pubertal staging of G4 P4 A2 with a 6-mls testis on the right and a 4-mls testis on the left. Investigations revealed suppressed gonadotrophins, a testosterone concentration of 10.3 nmol/l and normal 17-hydroxyprogesterone and adrenal androgen levels. Tumour markers were negative. Following treatment with anastrazole, his height velocity slowed down. At the age of 13.7 years, his treatment was stopped. At the age of 14.8 years, he presented with a grossly enlarged right testis and elevated beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (>1,400 IU/l). He underwent right orchidectomy and histology revealed an embryonal carcinoma with no vascular invasion. Analysis of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotrophin receptor revealed no mutation. Conclusion: We present a case of testicular embryonal carcinoma in a boy who had presented 5 years before with features suggestive of gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty.
Resting Energy Expenditure and the Clearance of Therapeutic Proteins in Pediatric Subjects
Authors: Lee Sun Ku
Published: July 2014

The effect of age on the clearance (CL) of therapeutic proteins has not been explored extensively in pediatric subjects. Recently, resting energy expenditure (REE) has been proposed to link age-dependent CL with developmental changes. Allometric relationship was explored to assess the impact of REE on the CL of therapeutic proteins in pediatric subjects. The CL of a therapeutic protein estimated from allometric scaling using REE was approximately 2-fold higher than that using body weight (BW) in younger children. For some monoclonal antibodies, REE was a better predictor than BW to estimate CL in pediatric subjects. Overall results suggest that the relationship of CL with REE and its clinical importance in therapeutic proteins need to be investigated further for pediatric subjects.
Acne Smart Club: An Educational Program for Patients with Acne
Authors: Fabbrocini Gabriella , Izzo Rosanna , Donnarumma Marianna , Marasca Claudio , Monfrecola Giuseppe
Published: July 2014

Objective: To evaluate adherence to therapy in acne patients using mobile phones and Short Message Service (SMS) to communicate. Methods: 160 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the SMS group received 2 text messages twice a day for a period of 12 weeks; the control group did not receive any messages. Before and after 12 weeks, the following evaluations were performed in all patients: digital photographs, the Global Acne Grading System, the Dermatology Life Quality Index, the Cardiff Acne Disability Index, the doctor-patient relationship evaluated through the Patient-Doctor Depth-of-Relationship Scale, and the adherence to treatment evaluated by asking patients how many days a week they had followed the therapy. For statistical analysis we used Student's t test. Results: The SMS group had a better improvement of all parameters compared to the control group. Conclusion: Adherence and compliance are higher for patients who are included in a strategy of control.
MKRN3 Mutations in Familial Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Schreiner Felix , Gohlke Bettina , Hamm Michaela , Korsch Eckhard , Woelfle Joachim
Published: July 2014

Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) have recently been reported to underlie familial cases of central precocious puberty (CPP). The imprinted MKRN3 gene is expressed only from the paternal allele, and mutations inherited from the father affect boys and girls equally, which is in contrast to the known female preponderance in idiopathic CPP. By screening a series of 6 families and 1 male patient with idiopathic CPP, we identified 2 further families carrying loss-of-function mutations in MKRN3, the previously reported variant c.475_476insC (p.Ala162Glyfs*14) and a novel one, c.331G>T (p.Glu111*). We conclude that MKRN3 mutations appear to be a frequent cause of familial CPP and, considering the imprinted mode of inheritance, may also account for a certain proportion of isolated CPP cases. Remarkably, four out of six MKRN3 mutations described so far encode either a stop codon or a frameshift followed by a premature stop codon. Consequently, there may be less severe mutations that possibly associate with more subtle phenotypes, which could even explain variation within the physiological range. Mutation screening in larger cohorts is necessary in order to estimate the real prevalence of MKRN3 mutations in idiopathic CPP.
The Quality of General Movements after Treatment with Low-Dose Dexamethasone in Preterm Infants at Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Hitzert Marrit M. , Roescher Annemiek M. , Bos Arend F.
Published: July 2014

Background: High-dose dexamethasone (DXM) treatment of preterms at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia leads to a deterioration in quality of their general movements (GMs). It is unknown whether low-dose DXM affects GM quality similarly. Objectives: To assess the effect of low-dose DXM treatment on the quality of GMs and fidgety GMs (FMs). Methods: A prospective study of preterms admitted to our NICU between 2010 and 2012, and treated with DXM (starting dose 0.25 mg/kg/day). We assessed GM/FM quality and calculated their motor optimality score (MOS) before, during, and after treatment up to 3 months postterm. Neurological follow-up was performed between 12 and 36 months. We related risk factors with infants' GM trajectories and MOSs. At 3 months we compared the MOSs of low-dose DXM infants and a historical cohort of infants treated with high-dose DXM or hydrocortisone. Results: 17 infants were included. GM/FM quality improved in 9 out of 13 initially abnormal infants (p = 0.004). Shorter periods of mechanical ventilation and higher birth weights were associated with better GM trajectories (p = 0.032 and p = 0.042, respectively). Infants starting treatment later had higher MOSs on day 7 (p = 0.047). Low-dose DXM infants had higher MOSs than high-dose DXM infants (β = -0.535; 95% CI -0.594 to -0.132; p = 0.003). Out of 17 infants, 2 died, 14 developed normally, and 1 developed with mild neurodevelopmental impairments. Infants whose GMs/FMs remained normal or improved had better outcomes than infants whose GMs/FMs remained abnormal (p = 0.019). Conclusions: Out of the 17 infants treated with low-dose DXM, 2 died. Of the surviving infants, neurological functioning improved with the majority having normal neurodevelopment at the age of 12-36 months.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Caffeine Is Associated with Improved Lung Function after Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Amnionitis
Authors: Köroğlu Özge A. , MacFarlane Peter M. , Balan Kannan V. , Zenebe Woineshet J. , Jafri Anjum , Martin Richard J. , Kc Prabha
Published: July 2014

Background: Although caffeine enhances respiratory control and decreases the need for mechanical ventilation and resultant bronchopulmonary dysplasia, it may also have anti-inflammatory properties in protecting lung function. Objective: We hypothesized that caffeine improves respiratory function via an anti-inflammatory effect in lungs of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory amnionitis rat pup model. Methods: Caffeine was given orally (10 mg/kg/day) from postnatal day (p)1 to p14 to pups exposed to intra-amniotic LPS or normal saline. Expression of IL-1β was assessed in lung homogenates at p8 and p14, and respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) as well as CD68 cell counts and radial alveolar counts were assessed at p8. Results: In LPS-exposed rats, IL-1β and CD68 cell counts both increased at p8 compared to normal saline controls. These increases in pro-inflammatory markers were no longer present in caffeine-treated LPS-exposed pups. Rrs was higher in LPS-exposed pups (4.7 ± 0.9 cm H2O/ml·s) at p8 versus controls (1.6 ± 0.3 cm H2O/ml·s, p < 0.01). LPS-exposed pups no longer exhibited a significant increase in Rrs (2.8 ± 0.5 cm H2O/ml·s) after caffeine. Crs did not differ significantly between groups, although radial alveolar counts were lower in both groups of LPS-exposed pups. Conclusions: Caffeine promotes anti-inflammatory effects in the immature lung of prenatal LPS-exposed rat pups associated with improvement of Rrs, suggesting a protective effect of caffeine on respiratory function via an anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Radiographic Diagnosis of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Temporomandibular Joint: Two Cases
Authors: Misirlioglu Melda , Adisen Mehmet Zahit , Yilmaz Selmi
Published: July 2014

Objective: To present two cases of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) evaluated by panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Clinical Presentation and Intervention: Two patients were referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic with pain, preauricular tenderness on the TMJ region and limitation of mandibular movements. An earlier panoramic radiograph revealed radiopaque lesions adjacent to the condyles. CBCT images were obtained from patients to assess the radiopacities. The CBCT scan detected irregular-type radiopaque lesions on anterior and superior aspects of the right condyle as well as degenerative osseous changes on both TMJs. Conclusion: The CBCT images revealed degenerative osseous changes and loose bodies on TMJs. The lesions were diagnosed as OCD with the help of trauma history, as well as clinical and radiographic findings.
Characteristics of Symptom Presentation and Risk Factors in Patients with Erosive Esophagitis and Nonerosive Reflux Disease
Authors: Lee Shou-Wu , Lee Teng-Yu , Lien Han-Chung , Yang Sheng-Shun , Yeh Hong-Zen , Chang Chi-Sen
Published: July 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gender on symptom presentation and quality of life of patients with erosive esophagitis (EE) and nonerosive reflux disorder (NERD). Subjects and Methods: Medical records from patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) between January and December 2009 were reviewed. The patients were assigned to either the EE or the NERD group. The general demographic data, the modified Chinese GERDQ scores and the Short Form (SF)-36 life quality questionnaire scores of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: Of the 261 patients, 87 (33.3%), 86 (33.0%) and 88 (33.7%) patients were classified into the EE, the NERD and the control groups, respectively. The patients in the EE group were significantly older (48.94 ± 17.38 vs. 43.34 ± 12.67 years), were predominately male (58.6 vs. 39.5%), had more frequently hiatal hernia (34.5 vs 17.4%), had a higher body weight (67.57 ± 15.13 vs. 61.06 ± 11.08 kg) and a higher body mass index (24.09 ± 4.61 vs. 22.68 ± 3.12) than those in the NERD group. The GERD-specific symptom scores and the general life quality scores of the EE and the NERD groups were similar, and both groups had lower life quality scores than the control group did. The female patients with NERD had a higher frequency of GERD symptoms and lower quality of life scores. Gender had no effect on symptom scores or life quality scores in the EE group. Conclusion: The GERD-specific symptom severity and general quality of life scores of the EE and the NERD patients were similar. Gender had a great influence on symptom presentation and quality of life in patients with NERD, but not in those with EE.
Electrocardiological Features in Obesity: The Benefits of Body Surface Potential Mapping
Authors: Simonyi Gábor
Published: July 2014

Background: Various ECG abnormalities are commonly observed in obesity and in metabolic syndrome. Summary: Some of these abnormalities are caused by the pushed-up position of the diaphragm due to obesity and others occur as a result of the complications of the condition. The position of the R wave may change, various arrhythmias may develop or the QT interval may be prolonged, which increases the tendency to malignant arrhythmias. In obesity, the ECG signs of ventricular hypertrophy are less informative due to the accumulation of epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In general, it can be concluded that a microcirculation disorder is present in metabolic syndrome that may primarily be associated with ST-T wave abnormalities. Key Messages: Body surface potential mapping is a more sensitive method than traditional ECG with potentially greater use for diagnosis mainly in the early phase of non-ST elevation myocardial infarctions.
Exome Sequencing Identifies a Dominant TNNT3 Mutation in a Large Family with Distal Arthrogryposis
Authors: Daly Sarah B. , Shah Hitesh , O'Sullivan James , Anderson Beverley , Bhaskar Sanjeev , Williams Simon , Al-Sheqaih Nada , Mueed Bidchol Abdul , Banka Siddharth , Newman William G. , Girisha Katta M.
Published: July 2014

Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is a group of rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders primarily characterized by congenital contractures of the distal limb joints without a neuromuscular disease. Mutations in at least 8 different genes have been shown to cause DA. Here, we report a 4-generation Indian family with 18 affected members presenting variable features of camptodactyly, brachydactyly, syndactyly, decreased flexion palmar creases, ulnar deviation of the hands, sandal gaps and club feet. We undertook exome sequencing of 3 distantly related affected individuals. Bioinformatics filtering revealed a known pathogenic missense mutation c.188G>A (p.Arg63His) in TNNT3 in all 3 affected individuals that segregated with the phenotype. The affected individuals exhibit significant phenotypic variability. This study demonstrates the value of exome sequencing helping to define the causative variant in genetically heterogeneous disorders.
Chrut und Rüebli in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Meli Brigitte
Published: July 2014

Die Schweizer Redensart «Chrut und Rüebli» steht stellvertretend für zwei wichtige Aspekte der Augenheilkunde, die wohl eher etwas in Vergessenheit geraten sind: Es steht eine Auswahl an verschiedenen Arzneipflanzen bei Augenbeschwerden zur Verfügung, die auch bereits in älteren Kräuterbüchern erwähnt sind. Weiterhin können verschiedene Nahrungspflanzen sinnvoll unterstützend bei Augenbeschwerden und zur Prävention eingesetzt werden. Eine Auswahl von acht Arzneipflanzen, die von Patientinnen und Patienten einer Augenarztpraxis genannt wurden, wird mit Literaturzitaten verglichen. Ergänzt werden diese Augenheilpflanzen durch Kurz porträts von Nahrungspflanzen, die bei trockenen Augen und altersbezogener Makuladegeneration eingesetzt werden. Die Literatur recherche gibt einen Überblick über vier aktuell diskutierte und verwendete Nahrungspflanzen.
Activation of the GPR30 Receptor Promotes Lordosis in Female Mice
Authors: Anchan Divya , Gafur Amber , Sano Kazuhiro , Ogawa Sonoko , Vasudevan Nandini
Published: July 2014

Background/Aims: Estrogens are important effectors of reproduction and are critical for upregulating female reproductive behavior or lordosis in females. In addition to the importance of transcriptional regulation of genes by 17β-estradiol-bound estrogen receptors (ER), extranuclear signal transduction cascades such as protein kinase A (PKA) are also important in regulating female sexual receptivity. GPR30 (G-protein coupled receptor 30), also known as GPER1, a putative membrane ER (mER), is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds 17β-estradiol with an affinity that is similar to that possessed by the classical nuclear ER and activates both PKA and extracellular-regulated kinase signaling pathways. The high expression of GPR30 in the ventromedial hypothalamus, a region important for lordosis behavior as well as kinase cascades activated by this receptor, led us to hypothesize that GPR30 may regulate lordosis behavior in female rodents. Method: In this study, we investigated the ability of G-1, a selective agonist of GPR30, to regulate lordosis in the female mouse by administering this agent prior to progesterone in an estradiol-progesterone priming paradigm prior to testing with stud males. Results: As expected, 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB), but not sesame oil, increased lordosis behavior in female mice. G-1 also increased lordosis behavior in female mice and decreased the number of rejective responses towards male mice, similar to the effect of EB. The selective GPR30 antagonist G-15 blocked these effects. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that activation of the mER GPR30 stimulates social behavior in a rodent model in a manner similar to EB.
ATRIA: A Sound Installation Exploring the Interface between Art, Science and Technology by Remapping Cardiovascular Development
Authors: Rundle Simon D. , Robinson Deborah , Strang David , Wienroth Matthias
Published: July 2014

ATRIA was an immersive sound installation that was the result of a dynamic, reflective dialogue between artist Deborah Robinson and biologist Simon Rundle during Robinson’s residency within the Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University. The work drew on theoretical ideas in developmental biology and the sociology of science and practical, laboratory investigations in developmental physiology. Data from videos of snail embryos used to map physiological function during development using conventional (scientific) diagrams were “remapped” as sound projections into a three-dimensional building space, transposing scientific knowledge into a public experience as a “mutable mobile.”
The Prospect of a Christian Interpolation in Tacitus, Annals 15.44
Authors: Carrier Richard
Published: July 2014

Some scholars have argued that Tacitus’ reference to Christ in connection with the burning of Rome under Nero is a 4th century (or later) interpolation. It is here argued that their arguments can be met with no strong rebuttal, and therefore the key sentence in Tacitus referring to Christ should be considered suspect.
Tourists’ Life Satisfaction at Home and Away
Authors: Simpson Penny M. , Siguaw Judy A. , Sheng Xiaojing
Published: July 2014

This study examined satisfaction with life in the context of seasonal migrants who routinely live at a destination for an extended period of time each year. Findings from 1,257 seasonal migrants in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas indicate that in general the migrants are more active and more satisfied with life at the destination than at their hometowns and that specifically female migrants are more satisfied with life at the destination than male migrants. Importantly, the study also found that the migrants’ satisfaction with culture, health and safety, and financial life domains; their activities both at the destination and in comparison to their activities at home; and their satisfaction with life at home contribute to greater satisfaction with life at the destination. Finally, satisfaction with life at the destination significantly affects the likelihood that the seasonal migrants will return and recommend the destination to others.