bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifications to global supply chain management strategies resulting from recent trade disruptions: an exploratory study
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey E. , Haug Peter
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore modifications to the supply chain strategies of international manufacturers resulting from recent momentous trade disruptions, including the US-China trade war, global tariff escalations, Brexit and heightened geopolitical tensions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology consisted of a series of in-depth personal interviews with senior supply chain executives of six large US international manufacturers.

Findings

The study identified several short-term reactive strategies taken, including pulling purchase orders or production forward, building inventory and applying for exceptions from tariffs, along with longer-term proactive strategies such as shifting and expanding supplier and manufacturing locations.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s limitations involve its small sample size and its findings being industry and company-specific to a limited number of firms. While the sample size was deemed sufficient for this exploratory study, larger sample sizes and subsequent industry-specific analyses are recommended.

Practical implications

The global supply chain modifications effectively used by the firms in the study can offer guidance for practitioners facing similar challenges following major trade disruptions.

Originality/value

Due to the very recent emergence of the trade disruptors examined in this study, extant literature is limited. Hence, the findings noted in the paper offer not only guidance for practitioners but also make a strong contribution to research and literature on global supply chain risk management and disruption risk mitigation.
Evaluation of mental health professionals’ views of a higher education scholarship scheme designed to enhance workforce development
Authors: Hill Melissa , Heron-Delaney Michelle
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of a scholarship scheme to support mental health workforce development.

Design/methodology/approach

Nursing and allied health recipients (n = 72) of a scholarship for postgraduate mental health study provided quantitative and qualitative feedback via an online survey.

Findings

Benefits of the scholarship scheme include helping to overcome financial barriers to accessing higher education, increased motivation to study, increased knowledge and skills and enhanced positive feelings towards the recipient’s organisation. A total of 44% of participants reported being majorly or completely influenced to remain working in the organisation due to provision of the scholarship.

Originality/value

This study asks recipients to evaluate the scholarship scheme rather than the associated postgraduate education and provides preliminary support that scholarships are beneficial even when the amount of funding is less than half of course fees and the support from the employer is primarily monetary. The provision of scholarship funding can encourage existing professionals to undertake postgraduate study and attract them to pursue mental health specialisation instead of other health specialisations. Provision of scholarships is one strategy which can positively impact on mental health workforce retention in allied health professionals.
Hydration status count for weight gain on pregnancy period
Authors: Mulyani Erry Yudhya , Angkasa Dudung , Stanin Enrico , Jus'at Idrus
Published: August 2021

Purpose

In Indonesia, 29.3% of Indonesian women were obese. Dehydrated women have 1.6 times higher risk of becoming obese than normal ones. This study was aimed to further explore the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and maternal hydration status.

Design/methodology/approach

This longitudinal study involved 50 pregnant women aged 18–35 years. Subject identity, age, parity and household expenses were collected using questionnaire. Urine specific gravity (USG) was used as an indicator for hydration status. Venous blood was collected to measured haemoglobin (Hb) by anemometer method. Anthropometric data such as pre-pregnancy weight, maternal body weight, GWG, body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was collected using standardized tools. Dietary and total water intake (TWI) were measured through three consecutive days of a 24-h food recall. Pearson’s correlation, independent t-test and analysis of covariance were used to appraise the hypothesis.

Findings

The subject’s mean age was 29.3 ± 5.6 years; BMI was 23.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2. MUAC (28.2 ± 4.0 cm) and Hb (11.5 ± 1.0 g/dl) were still in the normal range. Most subjects were well hydrated, with an average USG of 1.016 g/mL. GWG and TWI are significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Based on the hydration status, after corrected with TWI, GWG was not significantly different.

Originality/value

It calls to mind that nutrition and water intake, alongside weight gain monitoring during pregnancy, are part of an effort to prevent pregnancy risks.
The moderating role of consumers' ad perception in athlete endorsement effectiveness
Authors: Kim Soojin , Kim Yongjae , Lee Seungbum , Lee Younghan , Kang Eun Yeon , Kim Mi-Lyang
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the structural relationships among the variables of social cause involvement, attitudes toward the endorser, attitudes toward advertising, attitudes toward the brand and social cause behavioral intentions. Additionally, by using the persuasion knowledge model (PKM) as the guiding framework, the moderating effects of ad perception on the proposed relationship were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

By using Amazon Mechanical Turk, a total of 291 usable surveys were retained for analysis. Following the participants' exposure to the Nike commercial, they completed a survey containing questions about advertising perception and their consequent responses to the advertisement. Structural equation modeling was used to test the conceptual model. Multigroup analysis was also performed to discover any moderating effects of consumers' advertising perception in endorsement effectiveness.

Findings

This study highlights the extensive impact of social cause involvement in the domain of celebrity endorsements, while attitudes toward the endorser are not a significant antecedent of celebrity endorsement effectiveness in the sport contexts. Additionally, this study demonstrates and confirms the presence of the moderating effects of advertisement perception on the proposed relationship. This supports the general premise of the PKM that consumers' attitudes and thoughts are influenced based on consumers' judgment of persuasion attempts.

Originality/value

The current study extends the line of research on the role of advertising perception in the domain of celebrity endorsement. In particular, this study found that the PKM is a theoretically sound model that can be used to predict sports fans' attitudinal and behavioral responses.
Sugar Spoils: Marie‐Antoine Carême and the Gastronomic Architecture of Napoleonic Empire
Authors: Whyte Ryan
Published: August 2021

This essay explores how the chef Marie‐Antoine Carême adapted the banquet tradition of the sugar‐paste centrepiece to serve Napoleonic diplomacy. It argues that Carême used the medium of sugar‐paste to depict territorial spoils to compensate for French territorial losses, notably sugar‐producing colonies in the Americas. Carême used architectural theory and print culture to suggest the equivalence of pastry and architecture, thereby allowing his centrepieces to represent lands invaded during the Napoleonic wars. His centrepieces functioned as spolia on the basis of their medium and their material resemblance to architectural monuments represented in porcelain centrepieces and on painted porcelain dinner services.
Recognising What is Lost in Reproductive Harms: Whittington Hospital NHS Trust v XX
Authors: Goold Imogen
Published: August 2021

Whittington Hospital NHS Trust v XX (XX) turned on whether the courts should fund the creation of children for a woman negligently denied the ability to do so herself by awarding her the cost of pursuing surrogacy via a commercial service in California. The key issues were whether these costs should include surrogacy using donor eggs, and whether it was right for the court to agree to fund actions which, if undertaken in England, would arguably be in violation of the Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985. While the subject matter of the decision is narrow, the decision in XX has broader implications about the relevance of public policy to damages awards, both in clinical negligence itself and more generally. It also raises important questions about how the law does and should value lost reproductive capacity.
Embracing the nation: Strategic deployment of sexuality, nation, and citizenship in Singapore
Authors: Jung Minwoo
Published: August 2021

How do sexual minorities navigate and negotiate with nationalism? While some scholars consider nationalism as a primarily exclusionary force against sexual minorities, how might we understand sexual minorities’ engagement with nationalism? I address these questions by exploring the strategic deployment of sexual and national identities of LGBT movements through the case study of Singapore's annual LGBT‐inclusive event, Pink Dot. In response to the authoritarian and heteronormative state's construction of sexual minorities as non‐national Others, Pink Dot mobilizes both sexual and national identities in an effort to forge a space of inclusion while ensuring its survival. By portraying itself as a uniquely Singaporean event and espousing national identity and belonging through symbolic and performative practices, Pink Dot leverages national identity to minimize differences from and foreground similarities to the majority. In this way, sexual minorities in Singapore endeavor to embed themselves within the narratives of the nation and claim their legitimate belonging while simultaneously projecting a nation more inclusive of sexual difference. The aspirational inclusion of sexual minorities in the national imagery, however, inevitably elicits the state's backlash that narrowly defines the physical and symbolic boundaries of the political project. This analysis advances our understanding of the interactions between the state and social movements in shaping the relationship among the nation, sexuality, and citizenship.
Challenging the colonial legacy of/at Macquarie
Authors: Howitt Richard , Holt Leanne , Locke Michelle Lea
Published: August 2021

Macquarie University takes its name from a man known simultaneously as the founding father of Australia, its greatest colonial administrator, a key inspiration for Australia’s egalitarian ethos, the military strategist who authorised the Appin Massacre, and committed civiliser of the uncivilised native peoples of Sydney who established the first institutions aimed at educating Aboriginal children by separating from their families, culture, and language. This article explores Macquarie’s ambiguous legacy and considers how it is mobilised to promote the university. It discusses how the university community might engage with the “Macquarie legacy” and take responsibility for its implications for Macquarie University. Decolonising this particular university must involve much more than simple renaming—although even that would be far from simple. Transformation of the institution into a partner with Dharug and other Indigenous groups must involve uncomfortable and ultimately transformational reflection and action on the purposes, processes, and outcomes of education, on the nature and purposes of partnership, and more generally on the nature of decolonising transformations.
A chromosome‐anchored genome assembly for Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Authors: Smith Seth R. , Normandeau Eric , Djambazian Haig , Nawarathna Pubudu M. , Berube Pierre , Muir Andrew M. , Ragoussis Jiannis , Penney Chantelle M. , Scribner Kim T. , Luikart Gordon , Wilson Chris C. , Bernatchez Louis
Published: August 2021

Here, we present an annotated, chromosome‐anchored, genome assembly for Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) – a highly diverse salmonid species of notable conservation concern and an excellent model for research on adaptation and speciation. We leveraged Pacific Biosciences long‐read sequencing, paired‐end Illumina sequencing, proximity ligation (Hi‐C) sequencing, and a previously published linkage map to produce a highly contiguous assembly composed of 7378 contigs (contig N50 = 1.8 Mb) assigned to 4120 scaffolds (scaffold N50 = 44.975 Mb). Long read sequencing data were generated using DNA from a female double haploid individual. 84.7% of the genome was assigned to 42 chromosome‐sized scaffolds and 93.2% of Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologues were recovered, putting this assembly on par with the best currently available salmonid genomes. Estimates of genome size based on k‐mer frequency analysis were highly similar to the total size of the finished genome, suggesting that the entirety of the genome was recovered. A mitochondrial genome assembly was also produced. Self‐versus‐self synteny analysis allowed us to identify homeologs resulting from the salmonid specific autotetraploid event (Ss4R) as well as regions exhibiting delayed rediploidization. Alignment with three other salmonid genomes and the Northern Pike (Esox lucius) genome also allowed us to identify homologous chromosomes in related taxa. We also generated multiple resources useful for future genomic research on Lake Trout, including a repeat library and a sex‐averaged recombination map. A novel RNA sequencing data set for liver tissue was also generated in order to produce a publicly available set of annotations for 49,668 genes and pseudogenes. Potential applications of these resources to population genetics and the conservation of native populations are discussed.
Patent auctions and bidding coalitions: structuring the sale of club goods
Authors: Asker John , Baccara Mariagiovanna , Lee SangMok
Published: August 2021

Auctioneers of patents are observed to allow joint bidding by coalitions of buyers. These auctions are distinguished by the good for sale being nonrivalrous, but still excludable, in consumption—that is, they auctions of club goods. This affects how coalitional bidding impacts auction performance. We study the implications of coalitions of bidders on second‐price (or equivalently, ascending‐price) auctions. Although the formation of coalitions can benefit the seller, we show that stable coalition profiles tend to consist of excessively large coalitions, to the detriment of both auction revenue and social welfare. Limiting the permitted coalition size increases efficiency and confers benefits on the seller. Lastly, we compare the revenues generated by patent auctions and multilicense auctions, and we find that the latter are superior in a large class of environments.
The Dangers of Data Colonialism in Precision Public Health
Authors: Ferryman Kadija
Published: August 2021

Precision public health has been defined as using multi‐level and relatively novel data types (such as patient‐provided digital data from internet applications and digital medical records) in order to predict and track population level disease dynamics as well as develop targeted interventions (Khoury, 2015, Khoury et al., 2018). Despite the promises of precision public health, it is also important to examine the field’s potential pitfalls, specifically its resonance with data colonialism. Without adequate attention to this emerging field’s vulnerabilities, precision public health efforts may continue histories of extraction and marginalization.
Digital Technology and the Political Determinants of Health Inequities: Special Issue Introduction
Authors: Storeng Katerini Tagmatarchi , Fukuda‐Parr Sakiko , Mahajan Manjari , Venkatapuram Sridhar
Published: August 2021

This special issue introduction makes the case for analyzing the rise of digital health technologies within global public health within the framework of political determinants of health and identifying how digital technologies impact, both positively and negatively, inequities in health. This special issue brings together diverse perspectives from academics, policy makers, practitioners and activists from around the world, most of whom participated in a 2019 conference Political Origins of Health Inequities: Technology in the Digital Age. The contributions engage with empirical data and practical experiences from Africa (Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, Sierra Leone), Asia (India), Europe (Germany, Norway, the European Union), and North America (the United States and Canada). Taken together and individually, the six research articles, seven ‘policy insight’ commentaries and three ‘practitioner commentaries’ identify and critically interrogate the political dimensions that link digital technologies and health equity.
Resource constancy and diurnal population variances drive coexistence among avian scavengers at urban slaughterhouses in Nsukka region, Nigeria
Authors: Ezenwa Ifeanyi Maxwell , Sunday Francisca Ogochukwu , Echude Daniel , Asuoha Godson Chinonyerem , Ezeorah Cajetan Chidebem , Ejere Vincent Chikwendu
Published: August 2021

Species that share dietary resources can segregate into different spaces at time scales. It has, however, been proposed that species have to co‐evolve to achieve such segregation; otherwise, competition might result. We explored the strategies that support the coexistence among avian scavengers at urban slaughterhouses in Nsukka. A total of 41 field observations were conducted across five slaughterhouses at two diurnal time scales, and the avian scavengers utilising the butchery wastes therein were estimated using the point‐count method. In addition, interaction among the species was monitored. Hooded vultures [Necrosyrtes monachus (Temminck, 1823)] and pied crows [Corvus albus (Müller, 1776)] were common at the slaughterhouses with the abundance of the latter being significantly higher than the former. The two species relatively exhibit different active feeding times although not exclusively amidst the regular available resources. The two species coexist, and no antagonistic behaviour was recorded. Generalised linear mixed models showed that the number of animals slaughtered on daily basis and percentage vegetation cover positively influenced abundance of hooded vulture and vice versa for pied crow. Our results highlight that intraguild species can coexist if resources are in constant supply and the species involved maintain some sort of inverse diurnal population variance at the foraging sites.
Implications of a new element in the early diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer for rural Australians
Authors: Macneil James , Wilkins Rachel , Whelan Clair
Published: August 2021

Aims

To demonstrate the magnitude of the potential problem caused by the trend towards using positron emission tomography prostate‐specific membrane antigen scans on men in rural Australia.

Context

Prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography scans have higher sensitivity to detect metastatic prostate cancer than other imaging modalities, especially at lower prostate specific antigen (PSAs). This has led to proposals that prostate‐specific membrane antigen be the gold standard to investigate men with a suspicion of prostate cancer. There is a trial underway in Australia examining the use of positron emission tomography prostate‐specific membrane antigen in pre‐biopsy men. Disparities in access to care and outcomes for prostate cancer for men in rural Australia are well documented. Incorporating positron emission tomography prostate‐specific membrane antigen into the primary diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer creates a risk of further entrenching or worsening this inequity due to the lack of positron emission tomography scanners in rural locations.

Approach

As a surrogate marker for restricted access, we determined the proportion of men over 50 more than 1.5 hours from a positron emission tomography scanner, with local government areas as the unit of assessment.

Conclusion

Of the 505 local government areas, 309 were greater than 1.5 hours from the nearest positron emission tomography scanner. Of 3 793 865 men, over 50 585 689 lived in the 309 local government areas with restricted access to a positron emission tomography scanner. Our study highlights the risk of exacerbating inequalities in prostate cancer care experienced by men in rural areas. If positron emission tomography prostate‐specific membrane antigen becomes the new gold standard, one in 6 men will face geographic barriers to access the standard of care. Future considerations of positron emission tomography prostate‐specific membrane antigen must take this into account.
Concordance between independent first‐line assessors in the Western Australian Audit of Surgical Mortality
Authors: Itotoh Franca , Zorbas Natalie , Lukman Andrew , James Aitken R
Published: August 2021

Background

The Western Australian Audit of Surgical Mortality independently reviews deaths under a surgeon. A surgical case form completed by the surgeon is reviewed by a first‐line assessor, who in 15% of cases recommends a detailed case note review. The aim of this study was to assess concordance between the original first‐line assessment (FLA1) and an additional first‐line assessment (FLA2) in relation to the necessity for a second‐line assessment (SLA) and recognition of clinical management issues.

Methods

Experienced assessors (n = 39) representing different specialties were invited to be FLA2 assessors for 170 random cases. They completed identical FLA forms. FLA2 assessors were consultant surgeons with experience of the peer review process. Inter‐rater reliability was determined using Gwet's Agreement Coefficient.

Results

A total of 170 FLAs, 158 (92.9%) were returned. Concordance between assessors for recommending an SLA was 70.5% (110 of 156), with an SLA recommended for 16 (10.3%) FLAs but not for 94 (60.3%) FLAs. When there was non‐concordance, FLA1 assessors requested more SLAs than did FLA2 assessors (29 [18.6%] vs. 17 [10.9%], respectively). Three adverse events were recorded. In two the assessors differed, with one recording an adverse event and the other recording an area of concern. Additionally, in one instance the assessors differed on the preventability of the event but agreed that it may have contributed to death.

Conclusion

Concordance between assessors ranged between ‘moderate’ (requests for an SLA) through to ‘almost perfect’ (presence of an adverse event). This suggests the FLA screening process is reliable.
Teachers' digital competence to assist students with functional diversity: Identification of factors through logistic regression methods
Authors: Cabero‐Almenara Julio , Guillén‐Gámez Francisco D. , Ruiz‐Palmero Julio , Palacios‐Rodríguez Antonio
Published: August 2021

We are experiencing a serious health crisis due to COVID‐19 that has a major impact on the field of education. The educational system therefore needs to be updated and innovated, with the addition of digital resources, to adapt the teaching and learning processes to students with disabilities. To meet the goal of high‐quality education, teachers must have adequate digital competence to face the educational demands that are placed on them. Therefore, the purposes of this study are: to know the teachers' knowledge about digital resources to support students with disabilities (O1); at each educational stage (O2), identify the variables that have a significant impact on the acquisition of teacher competence (O3); propose a selection of useful ICT resources for each type of disability (O4). An ex post facto design was used with 1194 teachers from Andalusia (Spain). The results showed the medium‐low level of the teaching staff, especially in the higher education stage. In addition, gender, motivation, attitude and having students with special needs are determining factors in the development of teacher knowledge. The results highlight the urgent need for teachers to be trained in digital resources. We hope that the range of resources proposed in this study will help teachers enhance their teaching practice.

Practitioner notes

What we already know about this topic

Teachers have to find and adapt educational technology to achieve a higher level of success in students with disabilities.

The use of ICT resources by teachers acts as a bridge to promote learning in students with disabilities.

What this paper adds

Identification of those predictors that significantly influence the acquisition of digital competence in teaching staff at various stages of education: gender, educational stage, motivation, attitude towards technologies and having students with specific educational support needs.

A proposal of didactic applications is provided to address the different types of functional diversity.

Implications for practice and/or policy

It is essential that training plans on digital competence are established to assist students with functional diversity in their different learning stages. In this sense, personalised training itineraries or TMOOCs can be of major assistance.

Expansion of the study sample (macro level) to identify digital factors, which affect the acquisition of the digital competence of the teaching staff to support their students' disabilities.

Change regarding the type of diagnosis through self‐perception tests, such as those presented by these models, and subsequent work in other fields such as e‐portfolios of evidence or instruments in the form of problem solving.
Updates on targeted therapies for acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Kayser Sabine , Levis Mark J.
Published: August 2021

In the past few years research in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has led to remarkable advances in our understanding of the disease. Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations are the most important factors in determining response to chemotherapy as well as long‐term outcome, but beyond prognostication are potential therapeutic targets. Our increased understanding of the pathogenesis of AML facilitated by next‐generation sequencing has spurred the development of new compounds in the treatment of AML, particularly the creation of small molecules that target the disease on a molecular level. Many of the hopeful predictions outlined in our AML review of 2018 are now therapeutic realities: gemtuzumab ozogamicin, venetoclax, FLT3 inhibitors (midostaurin, gilteritinib), IDH inhibitors (ivosidenib, enasidenib), CPX‐351, glasdegib, oral decitabine, and oral azacitidine. Others may soon be (quizartinib, APR246 magrolimab, menin inhibitors). The wealth of positive data allows reconsideration of what might soon be new standards of care in younger and older patients with AML. In this review we give an overview of recently approved therapies in AML and address present and future research directions.
Unusual concomitant small‐ and large‐fiber neuropathy related to hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Merico Elena , Govoni Alessandra , Schirinzi Erika , Chico Lucia , Ricci Giulia , Calabrese Rosanna , Baldini Chiara , La Rocca Gaetano , Lombardi Raffaella , Dini Valentina , Buda Gabriele , Loggini Barbara , Siciliano Gabriele
Published: August 2021

Background

Small‐fiber neuropathy is a disorder clinically dominated by neuropathic pain and autonomic symptoms. In >50% of patients, no etiology can be identified. and some evidence suggests a possible role of the immune system. Among the most common manifestations of hypereosinophilic syndrome, neurological lesions have been described in the central and peripheral nervous systems. No correlation between idiopathic hypereosinophilia with systemic involvement and small‐fiber neuropathy has been described before.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 21‐year‐old woman with large‐ and small‐fiber neuropathy associated with systemic idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. The patient manifested a subacute itchy rash to the limbs and trunk with painless lymphadenopathy of the neck and groin, persistent lack of appetite, vomiting, and subsequent painful dysesthesia on the feet. At blood test, eosinophilic leukocytosis was detected, electrophysiological studies showed axonal sensory neuropathy on the sural nerve bilaterally, cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a cytological–albumin dissociation, and skin biopsy was decisive in confirming a severe picture of the small fibers pathology and lymphocytic infiltrates with eosinophils in the dermis. The in‐depth diagnostic investigations excluded other significant alterations and pathologies. After steroid and immunoglobulin therapies, the patient progressively improved with resolution of the rash and vomiting episodes, resuming regular nutrition and obtaining important reduction of painful dysesthesia.

Conclusions

In the present case, we hypothesized that idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was the likely cause of the atopic dermatitis and small‐fiber neuropathy, consistent with pain and dysautonomic symptoms.
The effect of triangular cross‐section neck design on crestal bone stability in the anterior mandible: A randomized, controlled, split‐mouth clinical trial
Authors: Tokuc Berkay , Kan Bahadır
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare crestal bone loss (CBL) and buccal bone thickness (BBT) around triangular cross‐section neck (TN) to round neck (RN) implants retaining mandibular overdentures one year after loading, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material and Methods

Twenty edentulous patients receiving 40 implants with similar diameters were randomly assigned to the RN and TN groups. Clinical buccal bone thickness (CBBT) around the implants was measured with a caliper at baseline. A resonance frequency analyzer was used to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ) at the baseline and two months after insertion. Pocket probing depths (PPD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were also recorded at postoperative months 2, 6, and 12. CBCT was used to evaluate proximal CBL and BBT at three levels (0, −2, and −4 mm) one year after loading.

Results

No implant loss was observed during the follow‐up period. No significant differences in CBBT, ISQ values, and scores for PPD, PI, and GI between the two groups were observed at any time (p > .05). BBT was also comparable one year after loading (p > .05). The mean ± SD proximal CBL one year after loading was 0.58 ± 0.36 mm for TN and 0.91 ± 0.59 mm for RN (p < .01).

Conclusions

This study found better crestal bone preservation in the implants with the novel neck design than conventional neck design in the anterior mandible after a follow‐up of one year. However, it may not be clinically noticeable.
Founder teams and firm value in young public firms: An analysis of the moderating effect of founders' ownership power and team size
Authors: Dawson Alexandra , Paeglis Imants , Basu Nilanjan
Published: August 2021

Research Question/Issue

Building on prior work on the relationship between founder ownership and firm value in young public firms, we test the moderating influence of the presence of cofounders, distinguishing between dyads and teams of three or more founders.

Research Findings/Insights

We test our hypotheses on a unique sample of 7162 observations from 959 US firms that have been public for less than 20 years and retained their founders. We show that the presence of one or more cofounders has distinct moderating effects on the relationship between main founder ownership and firm value, depending on the number and relative ownership power of the founders. Firm value benefits the most when there is ownership power symmetry in dyads of founders and ownership power asymmetry in teams of three or more founders.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

We make two contributions to the corporate governance literature. First, we take a more nuanced look at founders and their ownership power in young public firms and show that the presence of cofounders has an effect on firm value. Second, we show that this effect depends on the number of founders and on whether there is ownership power symmetry or asymmetry among founders. Overall, our study supports the view that founders continue to matter even after IPO.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

By shedding light on the effect of founders retaining ownership power on firm value after IPO, our findings may guide founders in their decisions to exit their business fully or partially and investors in their decisions whether to invest in public firms that retain their founders.
Behavioral pitfalls of product proliferation in supply chains: An experimental study
Authors: Hyndman Kyle B. , Menezes Mozart B.C.
Published: August 2021

We study how increased complexity in terms of increased stock‐keeping units and/or markets can affect operational performance, with an emphasis on managerial decision‐making. Specifically, when given the option to increase profits by increasing the number of markets served, we ask whether managers can increase profits by exercising this option or does increased complexity become a burden? We conduct a human‐subjects experiment in which subjects manage a simulated supply chain across different levels of complexity, either as individuals or as part of a team. Subjects receive initial training in supply chain management and participate twice in the simulation—once as an individual and once as a team, while also varying complexity across trials. We show that as complexity increases, revenues also increase. However, average performance often deteriorates and many subjects destroy value, despite the increased opportunities for profit. We argue that managers are tempted to chase new revenue sources without understanding the costs or risks to future profits. In a follow‐up experiment, we show that when subjects are reminded about the importance of opportunity costs, revenue declines but earnings are the same or higher. Lastly, our experiments show that both teamwork and experience increase performance and reduce the variance of earnings. Experienced teams make better investment decisions. Less experienced individuals focus on revenue rather than earnings.
Expanding indications for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy for patients with insufficient dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct using a 22G needle combined with a novel 0.018‐inch guidewire (with video)
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Yamada Masanori , Ueshima Kazuya , Matsuno Jun , Yamamoto Yoshitaro , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: August 2021

A prerequisite for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (HGS) is adequate dilation of the intrahepatic bile duct. Compared with a 19G needle, the 22G needle offers more flexible manipulation and superior ability to achieve bile duct puncture. However, evidence regarding EUS‐HGS using a 22G needle remains limited. The present study evaluated the feasibility and safety of EUS‐HGS using a novel 0.018‐inch guidewire and 22G needle for patients with insufficient intrahepatic bile duct dilation. If the bile duct diameter was <1.5 mm, a 22G needle was used, and the diameter was ≥1.5 mm; puncture with a 19G needle was first attempted, with the 22G needle being inserted if initial bile duct puncture failed. EUS‐HGS using the 22G needle was attempted in a total of 10 patients, including one patient with failed insertion of a 19G needle. Median diameter of the puncture site was 1.2 mm (range 0.5–2.5 mm). Bile duct puncture using the 22G needle was successful in all patients. Insertion of the novel 0.018‐inch guidewire was also successful in all patients. However, since tract dilation using an ultra‐tapered mechanical dilator failed in two patients, tract dilation was performed using a balloon dilator. Finally, stent deployment was successfully performed in all patients. EUS‐HGS using a 22G needle with a novel 0.018‐inch guidewire appears safe and feasible.
Impact of low temperature and host plant on Tuta absoluta
Authors: Campos Mateus R. , Amiens‐Desneux Edwige , Béarez Philippe , Soares Marianne A. , Ponti Luigi , Biondi Antonio , Harwood James D. , Desneux Nicolas
Published: August 2021

Alternative host plants are among the key factors influencing the spread of invasive pests because they are utilized as a food source and provide shelter in unfavorable conditions. The South American tomato pinworm (SATP), Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has a high behavioral and physiological plasticity enabling it to rapidly spread in several countries. Among the multiple strategies used by SATP in the invasion process is the use of alternative host plants including black nightshade (BNS), Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae), a perennial plant widely distributed across all habitats worldwide. Besides the life table and behavioral parameters of SATP on tomato, its survival and reproduction in low temperatures on alternative host plants should be assessed to evaluate the likely spread in temperate regions with harsh winters. In our study, comparing solanaceous species through generations, the primary difference was in the mean generation time with SATP reared on BNS, whereby it had a longer development time than larvae and pupae reared on tomato plants. Adults preferred tomato plants even if they had been reared as larvae on BNS. Exposure periods of 7, 14, and 21 days to 4 °C indicated that more than 50% of SATP pupae reared on BNS plants survived more than 14 days. The survival of SATP reared on tomato plants exceeded 21 days and after exposure to 4 °C, females reared on both plants remained fertile. The life table and behavioral parameters recorded demonstrated a significant potential of BNS to support the development of SATP, also at low temperature. Therefore, even with effective border surveillance and phytosanitation processes in place, invasion through an alternative host is possible and difficult to detect.
First report of Bactrocera latifrons Hendel in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ndayizeye Liévin , Kataraka Balangaliza Clément
Published: August 2021

Bactrocera latifrons Hendel is an invasive species detected in 2016 in Burundi, a neighbouring country of the Democratic Republic of Congo. An incubation study was carried out over a one‐month period from 15 February to 15 March 2020 on African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) collected in Kavimvira, Uvira territory. The results of this study showed that Bactrocera latifrons is present in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Further studies should be conducted on the geographical distribution of Bactrocera latifrons in the different regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo and its host plants.
Impact of endodontic and periodontal diseases and treatments on the aorta and liver of obese and non‐obese rats
Authors: Jara Cynthia Mireya , Pereira Karina Kiimiko Yamashina , Maito Fábio Luiz Dal Moro , Adorno Carlos Gabriel , Gomes Maximiliano Schünke
Published: August 2021

Aim

To evaluate the impact of the presence and treatment of periodontal disease (PD) and apical periodontitis (AP) on the aorta and liver of obese and non‐obese rats.

Methodology

One hundred and forty Wistar rats were divided into two groups, according to the diet administered: normal diet (‐n), without obesity; and cafeteria diet (‐c), with induced obesity. These groups were divided into seven subgroups according to the specific experimental protocols: naïve control (NC); AP; AP with treatment (APt); PD; PE with treatment (PDt); AP and PD (APPD); and AP and PD with treatment (APPDt). AP and PD lesions were induced for four weeks. Four weeks after treatments, the animals were euthanatized, and the aorta and liver were dissected for histological evaluation. For the comparison of the thickness of the aorta between groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used, followed by the Mann–Whitney test. For the analysis of other variables related to the aorta and liver outcomes, logistic regression was carried out.

Results

Both PD and AP were associated with the development of histological alterations in the aortic arch, with no significant difference between obese and non‐obese animals (p = .17). The aorta thickness was increased significantly (p < .05) with the combination of PD and AP in obese rats (APPDt‐c group) compared with the other groups (NC‐n, APt‐n, APt‐c and AP‐c). The logistic regression models revealed that the untreated (OR = 7.78; 95%CI = 2.4–25) and treated (OR = 2.9; 95%CI = 1.0–8.4) groups were significantly more likely to have endothelial alterations compared with the control groups (p = .002). Obesity (OR = 16.5; 95%CI = 3.4–81.3) was the only predictor variable of liver steatosis (p < .001).

Conclusion

Histological alterations in the aortic arch of obese and non‐obese rats were observed in the presence of periodontal disease and apical periodontitis. The combination of PD and AP increased the aorta thickness in obese rats. A reduction of vascular endothelial lesions was observed with the treatments of PD and AP.
Opera participants’ perceptions of brand resonance
Authors: Hall Emma , Menzies Jane , Zutshi Ambika , Creed Andrew
Published: August 2021

Brand resonance is a marketing concept under‐explored in the performing arts context. This paper responds by analysing focus group findings from a large Opera group, “Big Opera[1]” (For research integrity and anonymity requirements of focus group research, the company pseudonym is Big Opera) on how decision‐makers can enhance brand resonance. Opera patronage was dwindling before the COVID‐19 pandemic, which was further crystallized during the pandemic. As the performing arts sector tries to revive, it is useful to understand how brand resonance concepts can be used to reinvigorate patronage at the opera. A qualitative study of four opera focus groups, which included 24 participants with varying levels of attendance was conducted to examine brand resonance. The study reveals that when customers have brand attachment and love, developed through intense experiences at the opera, facilitated by engagement with the brand, and community, then brand loyalty develops for the opera by intention to re‐purchase. The paper contributes to the literature by making recommendations on how to enhance brand resonance thereby increasing attendance. Intense experiences at the opera and engagement can be enhanced by offering packaged deals, such as accommodation and dinner, or drinks and canapés packages, backstage access, the development of a social club, social media brand community and loyalty programs to increase brand loyalty.
Confocal microscopy, dermoscopy, and histopathology features of atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferations associated with evolution to melanoma in situ
Authors: Rocha Lilian K. F. L. , Vilain Ricardo E. , Scolyer Richard A. , Lo Serigne N. , Drummond Martin , Star Phoebe , Fogarty Gerald B. , Hong Angela M. , Guitera Pascale
Published: August 2021

Background

Atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferations (AIMP) is a descriptive term sometimes applied to biopsies that do not fulfill diagnostic criteria of melanoma. They are common on sun‐damaged skin, but their definition and management are controversial.

Objective

To describe dermoscopic (DS), reflectance confocal microscopic (RCM) and histopathological features of AIMP and identify features associated with subsequent melanoma in situ (MIS).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of AIMP lesions correlated with patient outcome at two melanoma tertiary centers between 2005 and 2015.

Results

Thirty‐four patients were included. Nine (26%) patients had MIS in subsequent biopsies. Predictors of later MIS were target‐like pattern (OR:12.0 [CI: 1.23, 117.41]; P = 0.032) and high‐density vascular network (OR:12 [CI: 1.23–117.41], P: 0.032) on DS, and presence of dendritic cells touching each other (OR:9.1 [CI: 1.54, 54.59], P = 0.014) on RCM. Clinical predictors of worse outcome included a previous history of MIS at the same site. Radiotherapy for AIMP had a high failure rate (all patients presented with recurrent disease, three as AIMP and two as MIS).

Conclusions

Considering that most cases in this series received non‐surgical treatment at baseline, we recommend close monitoring for lesions with target‐like pattern and density vascular network on DS and treatment for lesions with progression of atypia and/or with “confluent” dendritic cells on RCM. Although the number of patients in this series is very low, early surgery is recommended for MIS cases that recur as AIMP.
Critical roles of the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 in B‐cell response and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Feng Chunlei , Li Lingyun , Zhou Lei , Li Dali , Liu Mingyao , Han Shuhua , Zheng Biao
Published: August 2021

Proper regulation of B‐cell function is essential for effective humoral immunity and maintenance of immune tolerance. Here, we found that FBW7 (F‐box/WD40 repeat‐containing protein 7) is highly expressed in germinal centre B and B1 cells, and confirmed that it has an intrinsic role in maintaining homeostasis of mature B cells and B‐1 cells. FBW7 deletion led to an impairment of antibody response, and although germinal centre formation was not affected, antibody class‐switch recombination and affinity maturation processes were defective. Likewise, memory immune response was severely impaired. Moreover, FBW7 ablation ameliorated the pathogenesis of an autoimmune disease model, collagen‐induced arthritis, by reducing the production of anti‐collagen II autoantibodies. Taken together, these data suggest that FBW7 may be an attractive target for developing new therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Learning Together? What Are, and What Could Be, the Experiences of Adult Participants to ‘Family’ Workshops in an Art Museum
Authors: Ellis Phillipa , King Heather
Published: August 2021

Museums and galleries have long welcomed, and long valued, visiting family groups, and many offer ‘family workshops’. In practice, most workshops are primarily directed at children, and accompanying adults are left to observe. However, we suggest that in actively observing and also pitching in, adults too are engaged in learning. Using the theoretical lens of intent participation, we discuss data from field observations of family workshops and adult focus groups to document the ways in which adults learn while attending child‐focused activities. Over 220 adults and 200 children were observed over a two‐month period attending family workshops in an art museum in London. Findings demonstrate that accompanying parents and carers engaged in the key processes of intent participation: the adults participated in focused and attentive listening, and the detailed watching of others. They also sought new information and actively contributed to the wider output of the family group. We conclude by suggesting that the lens of intent participation, which was initially coined to describe the nature of learning in many traditional, non‐Western, settings, offers designers of family workshops a useful framework for reflecting upon, and thereafter enhancing, the experiences of the adult members of a participating family.