bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RE-EXAMINING THE KEY DRIVERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN NIGERIA: A DYNAMIC ARDL APPROACH
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Maryam Abacha American University of Nigeria, AHMAD ALI UMAR , MUHAMMAD ATIKU ABUBAKAR ,   Al-Qalam University, MAREAI SENAN NABIL AHMED ,   Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, MUHAMMAD MAIKUDI ,   Kano State College of Education and Preliminary Studies, SANI BASHIR YAKUBU ,   Capital University of Economics and Business, GWADABE UZAIRU MUHAMMAD ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, JAMIU MUSTAPHA ,   Federal College of Education (Technical), MOHAMMED HASAN AL-YAZIDI ABDULRAHMAN ,   University of Saba Region, SANI MOHAMMED BADAMASI ,   Al-Qalam University, ALIYU MUSTAPHA UMAR ,   Baba-Ahmed University
Published: November 2024

This study aims to re-examine the key drivers of environmental degradation in Nigeria, focusing on the roles of financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and economic growth. It employs a dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and the non-parametric Diks and Panchenko (2006) Granger causality test to analyse quarterly time series data from the first quarter (Q1) in 1970 to the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2022. The findings revealed a significant positive impact of financial development and FDI inflows on environmental degradation, both in the short and long run. The study validated the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, demonstrating an inverted
U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The nonparametric causality test uncovered a non-linear bidirectional causal relationship between environmental degradation and financial development and a unidirectional causality running from FDI to environmental degradation. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from Nigeria that supports the EKC hypothesis and by employing dynamic models and non-parametric tests to account for potential nonlinearities and dependencies. It offers insights into the complex interplay between economic factors, financial development, and environmental degradation, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to address environmental degradation while promoting sustainable economic development.
ACHIEVING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE BANKING AND CREDIT RISK: ANALYSIS BASED ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors:   Udayana University, PRADNYANI NI LUH PUTU SRI PURNAMA , SUARTANA I WAYAN ,   Udayana University, SARI MARIA MEDIATRIX RATNA ,   Udayana University, BUDIASIH I GUSTI AYU NYOMAN ,   Udayana University
Published: November 2024

A company was founded to obtain profits and sustainably improve the quality of life by utilising minimal resources and is committed to preserving the natural environment to create environmental sustainability through financial performance as an indicator used to measure the success of a bank and show how efficiently management meets profit creation targets. This research aims to analyse the influence of sustainable banking on financial performance which is mediated by credit risk. The research was conducted on conventional commercial banks that have annual financial reports and sustainability reports registered on the IDX with a sample of 252 banks from 2017-2022. Based on the analysis, it was discovered that sustainable banking has a positive effect on financial performance and a negative effect on credit risk, and sustainable banking has a positive effect on financial performance by reducing credit risk. This means that sustainable banking that pays attention to non-financial factors, namely the preservation of the natural environment, can improve financial performance. The research contribution states consistency in environmental control to achieve environmental sustainability in line with the principles of profit, people and planet by making banking policies that contribute to environmental sustainability.
UNCOVERING THE POTENTIAL OF SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN APPLYING GREEN ACCOUNTING FOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN COMPANIES
Authors:   Pakuan University, MAROTA ROCHMAN
Published: November 2024

Green accounting is becoming increasingly important in today’s business context for nature conservation purposes, where sustainability is becoming a major focus in resource management and company operations. This research aims to explore the potential for sustainability that can be realised through the application of green accounting in the corporate environment. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The research results show that implementing green accounting to preserve the natural environment in companies requires attention to several key factors that influence operational sustainability. Full commitment from top management is the
main basis for integrating sustainability principles into the company’s overall strategy, including preserving the natural environment. Employee awareness and understanding, supporting technology, compliance with environmental regulations, supplier involvement, consistent natural environmental sustainability and reporting transparency are important elements for the successful implementation of environmentally friendly accounting. These steps open up strategic opportunities, such as cost efficiency, energy savings, and attracting consumers who are conscious of environmental conservation. Although faced with the challenges with regard to the complexity of measuring and reporting the environmental impacts, implementation costs, and resource limitations, efforts to overcome them can bring long-term benefits, such as improved reputation, business sustainability, and positive contributions to the preservation of the natural environment. Therefore, companies need
to take strategic steps to overcome these challenges, strengthen their commitment to sustainable practices, and make environmentally friendly accounting an integral part of the company’s sustainability vision.
THE PREDICTOR-CORRECTOR BACKWARD DIFFERENCE FORMULAS TO ESTIMATE THE TREND OF RIVER WATER QUALITY
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, RONIZAM NUR FARAH NAJIHA , MOHD YATIM SITI AINOR ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, MOHD ZAWAWI ISKANDAR SHAH ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA
Published: November 2024

The time-series trend analysis is a mathematical technique that attempts to estimate future data movement based on observed previous and current data. This can include analysing long-terms changes in river water quality in order to emphasise river management in the future. Therefore, in this study, the backward difference formula (BDF) with forward and central difference approximations is derived to estimate a of 20-year trend in water quality index (WQI) data at the Selangor River basin in Malaysia. As an adaptation of the conventional BDF and predictor-corrector scheme, the Euler’s method with a central difference formula is introduced as a predictor formula to forecast future
values. Subsequently, BDF with central and forward difference formulas are specifically designed as corrector formulas to adjust the predicted future values. The performance of the method is evaluated with absolute error and average error accuracy measure indicators. The numerical results validated the proposed method and proved its reliability in estimating the time series trend analysis owing to its reasonable accuracy. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study can provide the authorities with a technical reference for monitoring, maintaining and improving the river water quality in Selangor and other states.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EX-SITU CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors:   IPB University, SUTAN SAHALA MUDA MARPAUNG , NYOTO SANTOSO ,   IPB University, BURHANUDDIN MASY’UD ,   IPB University, ANURAGA JAYANEGARA ,   IPB University, EDGAR OCTOYUDA ,   Chaoyang University of Taiwan
Published: November 2024

Research on the relationship between ex-situ conservation and sustainable development is fundamental because it will help the business world better understand how to utilise it from an ecological, economic, and social perspective. This study seeks to investigate the significance of the correlation between ex-situ conservation and sustainable development through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature utilising the Scopus database. This study systematically searched for the keywords “ex-situ conservation” and “sustainable development” throughout academic publications published in journals from 2000 to 2023. Furthermore, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and citation mapping process was conducted, considering all pertinent factors. VOSviewer is a tool utilised for doing collaborative analysis of keyword writing, collaborative analysis of citation networks, and generating bibliometric maps to represent the scientific mapping of results and findings visually. Bibliometric analysis is a technique employed to assess the performance of a
journal. This study utilises bibliometric analysis to uncover contributions, deficiencies, and
limitations in four areas: sustainable development, ex-situ conservation, biodiversity, and climate change. The novelty of this work is crucial to highlight, as it explores a previously unexplored issue with a creative methodology.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: CLUSTERING OF KEY DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS
Authors:   Ministry of Education, Mosul, MLAABDAL SAADY MHMOOD ABAAS , KULISH ANATOLII ,   Sumy State University, KWILINSKI ALEKSY ,   Sumy State University, WSB University, CHYGRYN OLENA ,   Sumy State University
Published: November 2024

Implementation of SDG 2030 requires a systemic nature and the formation of an environmentally responsible attitude towards the environment and economic activity in society and the business sector. Considering this, studying the theoretical and applied conditions of the convergence of sustainable energy policy and environmental responsibility is essential. The bibliometric analysis was used using the VOSviewer software and the investigation period was 1990-2022. Applying the main keywords (“environmental responsibility” and “energy policy”), more than 63,214 scientific publications were found in the Scopus base. The results of the co-citation indicate a growing trend in publications devoted to environmental responsibility and energy policy, and seven clusters of scientific research areas were outlined over the selected period. The significant cluster (more
than 17,000 categories) contains the conservation of natural sources, corporate social responsibility, and energy conservation categories. The co-occurrence analysis outlined the popular keywords: Environmental responsibility with 151 occurrences, 144 links strength and sustainable development with 89 occurrences and 50 links strength. Zhang C. is the author with China’s affiliation and the significant collaboration indicators, 122 citations. Countries with considerable citations represent the academic environment: China (2,051 citation), the USA (1,254), Great Britain (501), and Germany (506).
MELALEUCA CAJUPUTI LEAVES AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors:   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Audu Bako College of Agriculture, AMINU IBRAHIM , ISMAIL AZIMAH ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, HAFIZAN JUAHIR ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, MD KASSIM AZLINA ,   Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Published: November 2024

In this study, activated carbon was prepared from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves. The activation included both physical and chemical processes, with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as a dehydrating agent, followed by thermal treatment at 500°C for 45 minutes. The activated carbon obtained was characterised by surface area (BET), FESEM (images), elemental analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sample subjected to carbonisation without chemical activation showed a low surface area of 24 m2/g at 500°C. The treatment of samples with chemicals showed improvements in surface area and other characteristics. Chemical activation using phosphoric acid seemed to be a
very efficient method and with surface area improvements reaching as high as 127 m2/g. Therefore, M. cajuputi leaves can be used to produce activated carbon with good surface properties and used in the treatment of environmental waste due to its sustainability.
EXPANDING THE LIST OF EU CRIMES TO INCLUDE HATE SPEECH AND HATE CRIME
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Soković Snežana
Published: November 2024

EU criminal law criminalizes hate crime only if it is linked to a limited set of protected characteristics such as race and ethnicity. The EU currently has no competence to criminalize hate speech and hate crime on grounds not covered by the Framework Decision on Racism and Xenophobia. Hate crimes with respect to other protected groups (sexual orientation, gender, sex, disability, age, etc.) differ significantly at the level of national legislation of the member states, which puts victims of hate crimes in an unequal position in relation to the support and rights guaranteed by EU law and makes police and judicial cooperation difficult. In the context of non-harmonized national systems and social dynamics through which the normalization of hatred develops, the need for a higher level of harmonization of criminal offenses and criminal sanctions related to hate crime and hate speech is evident. The paper points out the delicacy of the regulation of hate crimes in modern EU criminal law and analyzes the procedural and content characteristics of the initiative to expand the list of "EU crimes" to include hate speech and hate crime.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO A DEFENSE COUNSEL IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AS A HUMAN RIGHT
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Turanjanin Veljko
Published: November 2024

In the paper, the author examines the issue of the defendant's position in criminal proceedings and his right to a defense attorney and the establishment of basic principles of protection of the same as a human right. In this regard, the author discusses several legal regulations that have been in force in the last hundred years, and explains the basic principles of the position of the main party in criminal proceedings and the right to a defense attorney, taking into account both adults and minors. From a historical point of view, the Serbian legislator fundamentally distinguished the general position of adult and minor defendants in the observed period, with the fact that their position varied. At the same time, the European Court of Human Rights in its long-term practice has established and continues to establish standards followed by national courts. Without analyzing the practice in this paper, the author concludes that, viewed from the aspect of law and human rights, the legislator through criminal procedure laws mainly protected the human rights of the defendant in this regard, although before the XXI century he did not even follow the standards established by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights.
SUPPRESSION OF THE ILLEGAL TRADE IN CULTURAL GOODS IN THE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Ranđelović Višnja
Published: November 2024

Cultural assets in every country represent assets of great social, cultural, historical and scientific importance. Precisely because of their value and the great interest of both cultural institutions and private collectors in cultural goods, they have become the object of illegal trade throughout the world, and especially in the European Union. Trafficking in cultural goods can take many forms, such as theft from cultural heritage institutions or private collections, looting of archaeological sites, displacement of artefacts due to war, etc. It is especially pronounced during armed conflicts, when it takes on drastic proportions. Due to the high value of cultural goods, a connection between trade in these goods and organized crime has been observed. For these reasons, increased legislative activity aimed at suppressing illegal trade in cultural goods is visible at the level of the European Union.
TENDENCIES IN REGULATING THE REASONS FOR EXCLUDING A NECESSARY HEIR FROM INHERITANCE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Živojinović Dragica
Published: November 2024

Exclusion from inheritance is a form of property law sanction which is manifested in denying the right to a necessary heir to a share in inheritance in legally prescribed cases, based on the testator's wishes expressed in the will. The subject of this paper is to look at and analyze the reasons for inheritance exclusion from the angle of the history of Serbian law, the provisions which regulate this matter in current Serbian law, as well as those found in the legislations of EU countries: Croatia, Austria and Germany. The goal of this paper is to identify the tendences in regulating this matter. The author of this paper finds out that, given the nature and scope of actions defined as the reasons for exheridation, the testator is left with a vast number of possibilities to punish a necessary heir by excluding him/her from inheritance as a sort of reaction to his/her unlawful or immoral conduct. The author states that contemporary laws show the tendency to regulate the reasons for inheritance exclusion in a more extensive way which consequently narrows the legal scope of the institute of compulsory share. Yet, to avoid the risk of abusing this justified dominance of freedom of testation over imperative rules of compulsory share, the author of this paper believes that the scope of the resons for inheritance exclusion should be kept within certain limits, foresee that the reason for exclusion must exist in the moment of drafting the will and that the exheridation should be performed in an explicit way.
FEW REMARKS ON DETERMINATION OF INTERNATIONAL JURISDICTION IN CASES OF PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SERBAN JUDICIAL PRACTICE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Đorđević Slavko
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to explain how Serbian courts determine their international jurisdiction in parental responsibility cases by applying the rules of the 1996 HCCH Child Protection Convention. After providing some remarks on the jurisdiction rules of the Convention and explaining the differences between them and Serbian national rules on international jurisdiction, the paper focuses on the presentation and short analysis of two cases decided by Serbian courts in which the jurisdiction rules of the Convention had been applied.
GENERAL VIEW OF THE GUARDIANSHIP OF CHILDREN WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE CHILD՚S BEST INTERESTS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Vlašković Veljko
Published: November 2024

The Guardianship protection of children without parental care must certainly reflect the best interests of the child who is in situations of particular vulnerability. It is noticeable that in contemporary family law, the concept of children without parental care is expanding, including domestic law, which indicates the tendency of increasing state interventionism in legal relations concerning children and the problem of parental care. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the child can only be separated from the parents in exceptional cases, and sometimes this will not be possible, even if according to the law it is a child without parental care. An example is a child of parents who have not yet acquired full active legal capacity because they are minors.
It is very important that the domestic law on guardianship is further moralized. In this context, it would be a significant step forward if, through legal changes, parents were allowed to name and designate a guardian for their child in the event of their death, as is the case in many European countries, under conditions prescribed by law.
DETERMINATION OF THE CONCEPT AND ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTRACT ON REPRESENTATION IN SPORT
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Vuković Zoran
Published: November 2024

Among sports experts, sports agents/intermediaries in sports stood out as extremely important protagonists on the sports stage. Acting as a “negotiating bridge” between sports organizations on the one hand, and athletes or sports experts on the other, sports agents in the certain sense “control” the sports transfer market and thus play a very important role in creating a modern sports environment. Athletes, sports experts and sports organizations have the right, but not the obligation to use the services of sports agents. Hawover, sports transfer today are mostly realized with their mediation, based on contract on representation in sport, which sports agents conclude with their principals. In that sense, the subject of the autor’s interest in this paper is the determination on the concept and essential characteristics of the contract on representation in sport.
CONDITIONS FOR THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RIGHT TO RESIDENCE (HABITATIO) AND FAMILY LEGAL PROTECTION PROCEDURE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Ćorac Sanda
Published: November 2024

The right to residence (habitatio), as a child's right to a home, is regulated in the Family Law of the Republic of Serbia. By its legal nature, the right to residence is a statutory personal servitude, with all the features of personal servitudes. It is constituted under the conditions stipulated by the mentioned law in favor of the child (with the aim of its existential protection) and in the interest of the parent who exercises parental rights, and on the place of residence owned by the other parent. The aim of the paper is to present the conditions for establishing the right to residence and the characteristics of the family legal protection procedure in which the protection of the child's right to a home is discussed and decided upon. Special emphasis is placed on the type of procedure, the legal nature of the claim, active and passive legal standing (substantiv and procedural) and the jurisdiction of the court.
(NON)OBSERVANCE OF THE TIME FRAME FOR THE CONDUCTION OF LITIGATION PROCEEDING
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Čanović Spasojević Jelena
Published: November 2024

The subject of the paper is the analysis of the contested application of legal provisions on observance of the time frame for the conduction of civil proceeding. The time frame institute, along with other novelties, was introduced by the Law on Civil Procedure which came into force in 2011, with the intention of improving the efficiency of the trial, limiting the duration of the procedure, better concentration of the procedure, as well as respect to the rights of the parties on a court decision within a reasonable time. The paper analyzes the term, procedural legal basis and content of the time frame institute, as well as the method and criteria for determining of the time frame. In practice, the initially determined time frame is usually often changed. However, a new time frame is determined in accordance with the law and other procedural situations which might happen during the time development of the litigation proceeding (postponement of the hearing, modification of the claim, restitutio in integrum, and subsequent presentation of new facts and evidence). A significant part of the work refers to the determination of responsibility for (non)observance of the time frame, both by the court and by the parties. Considering this, legislators tried to strengthen the judge's responsibility for non-observance of the time frame, thus Civil procedure law stipulates the duty of the court not only to respect the time frame, but also to control the negligent or malicious behavior of the parties. Correspondingly, Law on Judges provides the basis for the judge's disciplinary responsibility by standardizing disciplinary offenses and possible sanction.
OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES FROM THE CONTRACT OF PROFESSIONAL ENGAGEMENT CONCLUDED BETWEEN ENTREPRENEUR COACH AND AN ATHLETE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Ilić Dušan
Published: November 2024

In modern sports, where the active participation of coaches is one of the indispensable factors on the way to achieving significant sports results, contracts of professional engagement appear more often as a legal instrument through which athletes hire a coaches who is performing professional work in sports independently. A legally concluded contract of professional engagement creates obligations for both contracting parties. The basic duties that the coach undertakes consist in performing professional-pedagogical work, but also in undertaking a significant number of other actions aimed at protecting the athlete from all foreseeable risks inherent in a certain sports activity. In addition, depending on the will of the contracting parties and the circumstances of the specific case, the legal position of the coach may be characterized by other obligations. On the other hand, the most significant obligation arising from the conclusion of this contract for the athlete is reflected in the payment of the agreed compensation. An exception occurs when the contract of professional engagement is concluded as a contract without consideration, in which case the athlete does not owe compensation for the professional services provided by the coach. However, even in such circumstances - when an athlete obtains the professional services of a coach without any compensation - the conclusion of a contract creates a range of obligations for him, the execution of which should enable the achievement of the goals for which the contract was concluded.
After the introductory presentations dedicated to the role of the coach in the modern system of sports, as well as the basic features and characteristics of the contracts of professional engagement concluded between coaches and athletes, the author analyzes in the paper all the aforementioned obligations, the execution of which the coach and the athlete take upon themselves by concluding this contract.
THE GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS FOR CRAFT AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Šokinjov Stefan
Published: November 2024

The Regulation (EU) 2023/2411 of 18th October 2023 on the protection of geographical indications for craft and industrial products and amending Regulations (EU) 2017/1001 and (EU) 2019/1753, applying since 1st December 2025, establishes a unified EU title for the protection of geographical origin of craft and industrial products. It is prescribed that legal procedure regarding the examination of the applications in order to be established if conditions for registration of geographic indications are fulfilled encompasses two phases, first at national level and second at Union level. Exceptionally a direct registration procedure is possible at the request of the Member State. Unlike the EU designations of geographical origin system protecting agricultural products which is administered by Commission on Union level, the entity in charge at EU level, according to this Regulation, is EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) although Commission retains the power to decide upon the application where registration might be contrary to public policy and when registration of the geographical indication or rejection of application might jeopardize the Union’s trade or external relations. As the form of geographical origin protection for craft and industrial products geographical indication has been chosen but unlike TRIPS Art. 22, it is an absolute legal protection laid down.
THE RIGHT OF THE CREATOR OF THE INTELLECTUAL CREATION TO BE ANONYMOUS
Authors:   PRAVO STVARAOCA INTELEKTUALNE KREACIJE DA BUDE ANONIMAN, Lučić Sonja
Published: November 2024

Street art is a broad term for works that can be found in public spaces. Artists usually present their work on existing surfaces, such as walls, power boxes, traffic signs, benches or even trees. Sometimes a wide range of installations or sculptures can be found as an expression of this art form.
When it comes to works of street art, it is interesting whether they enjoy protection under intellectual property rights, primarily through trademark and copyright. A particularly interesting case is when the creator of a piece of street art decided to hide his identity. The most famous example is the British artist Banksy. Through graffiti appearing overnight in public places around the world, Banksy has become a legend in the urban art scene.
Despite his anti-commercial stance on the exploitation of copyrighted works in general, in recent years Banksy has been granted EU trademarks that feature some of his famous works. In the meantime, some applications and registrations of EU trademarks have been successfully contested due to the absence of the intention to seriously use the trademarks, i.e. due to registration of trademarks in bad faith. However, one decision was made in Banksy's favor.
In the paper, the author analyzes an interesting case of coincidence of copyright and trademark on works of art whose author decided to hide his identity.
CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING IN EUROPEAN UNION LAW
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Mihajlović Borko
Published: November 2024

Commercial companies have a key role on the road towards sustainability of the planet, society, and humankind. In the last years and decades, the debates on the role of legal regulation and company law in enticing commercial companies to contribute to sustainability, have become even more frequent. The introduction and strengthening of the application of the rules on non-financial reporting, and the rules on sustainability reporting, beyond doubt, presents an important part of that regulation. The main subject of this paper are exactly the rules on sustainability reporting in European Union law. Before analyzing the regulation, the author dealt with the notion, importance, and development of the practice and regulations of non-financial and sustainability reporting. Within the ambits of that analysis of legal regulation of corporate sustainability reporting, the author emphasizes the following questions: a) the subjects of the reporting obligations, b) the users of sustainability reports, c) the content of sustainability reports, and d) the enforcement mechanisms of the obligation to report on sustainability.
COMMON EUROPEAN RULES PROMOTING THE REPAIR OF GOODS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Vujičić Jovan
Published: November 2024

Although EU legislative policy is the result of a compromise between different (often conflicting) interests, a certain shift towards more sustainable consumption and a circular economy has been made. In order to prevent the differentiation of national rules on repair, some of its aspects are fully harmonized (especially those outside the seller’s liability regime for non-conformity of goods), by introducing a kind of “secondary liability” of the manufacturer. The right to repair, as, generally speaking, more environmentally friendly, is no longer seen only as a legal remedy for the non-conformity of goods, but as a (general) self-standing right. The paper analyzes the main elements of Directive (EU) 2024/1799, which encourage consumers to use purchased goods for a longer period of time and, therefore, strive to reduce the premature discarding of viable goods.
THE NECESSITY OF REFORMATION OF DESIGN REGISTRATION PROCEEDINGS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF DEPOSIT SYSTEM
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Milosavljević Nikola
Published: November 2024

To a greater extent, the Republic of Serbia has harmonized its law in the field of intellectual property with the law of the European Union. However, in addition to the harmonization through the obligations established in the directives, member states harmonize their law with the rules contained in the regulations. This is also the case with the design registration, which is not covered by the obligation of harmonization, but most member states have applied deposit system for the design registration which is provided for community design regulation. In the paper that follows, the author tries to examine whether our country should harmonize its law with the law of other European Union countries and apply a deposit system in the design registration, or whether the procedure, which implies a substantial examination, should be retained. By applying the comparative method, the advantages and disadvantages of both systems will be examined, and by applying the legal-dogmatic method, all characteristics of both systems will be examined in detail. The aim of the paper is to give a recommendation regarding whether our country should harmonize its law with the law of other European countries in this domain.
ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS WITH SPECIAL OVERVIEW OF EU COMPANIES
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Todorović Nada
Published: November 2024

Corporate structure of companies is organized in such a way so that economic power and managing authority are in hands of majority shareholders. Latest trends in corporate practice point to the changes in the structure of minority shareholders which no longer represent a homogenous interest group, but their interests are becoming increasingly different. The position of minority shareholders is reviewed in this paper through the prism of institutional investments where there are active investors within hedge funds and passive investors within index funds and mutual funds.
The European study on minority shareholders protection analyzes certain categories of economic rights of minority shareholders: the rights related to dividends and distribution of assets, the rights related to the exit from the company, the rights related to new issuance and transfer of shares, etc. In the Republic of Serbia, the system of concentrated shareholding prevails which may generate a possible conflict between minority and majority shareholders. This requires minority shareholders protection through the Companies Act, that is through imperative laws. Legal and economic analysis of special rights of minority shareholders, which are regulated by the Companies Act, reveals that companies in Serbia enjoy court protection with certain limitations which in practice represent the obstacle for its realization.
THE EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS AND THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK IN THE LIGHT OF MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THESE TWO INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Labudović Stanković Jasmina
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the relationship between two very important EU institutions - the European Court of Auditors and the European Central Bank. There was some tension between ECA and ECB due to the request of the European Court of Auditors for the European Central Bank to provide it with relevant documents and information. The reason for this that ECA could carry out a detailed audit in connection with the supervisory tasks performed by the ECB over banks in the EU (on the basis of the Regulation on the Single Supervisory Mechanism - Regulation 1024/2013). Although the European Central Bank has its own budget, the European Court of Auditors bases its right to examine the operational efficiency of the management of the ECB on Art. 20 (7) of Regulation 1024/2013 and Art. 27 (2) of the Protocol on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank. The solution was found in the conclusion of the Memorandum of Understanding between these two institutions.
ZERO-BASED BUDGETING MODELS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Lapčević Milivoje
Published: November 2024

Zero-based budgeting represents one of the least frequently used models of planning and structuring budget spending, at least when it comes to the classic theoretical concept of this budgetary technique. The reason for this should be sought in the ambitious requirements that this budgetary technique immanently places before budget managers, which drastically increase the scope of work of budgetary and non-budgetary administration in the processes of periodic financial planning.
In this paper, the author will point out the multitude of types of budgeting from scratch that have been born from the practice of public budgeting, as well as the dimension of their deviation from the initial (classical) type of this budget model. The author considers these questions important since the general criticism of budgeting from scratch is often reduced to arguments that can only be linked to individual varieties, which unjustifiably overshadows some good conceptual solutions in the field of financial planning that were promoted within the initial model of this budgeting technique.
REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD OF COMPETITION PROTECTION IN THE DIGITAL MARKET
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Brašić Stojanović Jovana
Published: November 2024

Technological innovations of the 21st century have changed the basic assumptions on which traditional markets functioned. The emergence of digital assets made it necessary to create a new platform for business based on information and communication technologies. The unstoppable progress of digital markets and the creation of an era of a new, digital economy stimulated the state's activity in building a different regulatory and legal framework. The specificity of digital property requires a special legal regime, because it cannot be traded according to the principles of the classical economy. The Republic of Serbia was among the first countries to regulate the field of digital property with a special legal act, which encouraged the development of innovations and new market models and tools. The paper points out precisely the specifics of the digital market and digital assets. The author's goal is to find an answer to the question of whether the existing legislation on the protection of competition in the Republic of Serbia can protect participants in digital markets as well, and not only in traditional markets.
A FEW NOTES REGARDING THE FINANCIAL AUTONOMY OF THE LOWEST ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNITS DURING THE PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE COMMUNAL SYSTEM IN YUGOSLAVIA (1951-1963) – CONTRIBUTION TO DISCUSSIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Bačanin Vojislav
Published: November 2024

Regarding the evaluation of the existence of self-government of the lowest administrative-territorial units during the period of construction of the communal system in Yugoslavia (1951-1963), in domestic legal theory, there are divergent views. There are opinions that the system at that time enabled the development of local self-government, and, on the other hand, there are also views that it was more about the appearance of self-government and a system that is not comparable to "classic" local self-government. The author tries to test anew the hypothesis about the existence of local self-government in this period through the presentation of the normative framework and more significant doctrinal reviews regarding the issue of financial autonomy. The goal is to provide the possibility of a broader and more effective overview of the development of this political-legal institute.
Analisa Penggunaan Base Isolation System Tipe Hdrb Pada Gedung Rumah Sakit Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Ibrahim Burhan Lalu
Published: November 2024

Rumah sakit adalah bangunan penting yang berfungsi sebagai layanan publik dalam lingkungan berbahaya dan normal. Untuk konstruksi dengan Resiko IV, disarankan sistem isolasi dasar (SNI 1726-2012, 2012). Sistem Isolasi Dasar dapat mengurangi kebisingan yang dihasilkan oleh struktur dasar. Jurnal ini akan membahas sistem isolasi elastomer. Dalam mekanisme kerja elastomer, tongkat dowel dengan tepi yang tajam digunakan. Sementara karet digunakan untuk mengurangi getaran gempa, lempengan baja meningkatkan karet bantalan, mengurangi deformasi dan cacat konstruksi ketika bantalan karet mendekati. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak penggunaan dasar isolator dibandingkan dengan bangunan tanpa dasar yang dipasang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan basis isolator dapat mengurangi drift cerita selama konstruksi dengan mengubah struktur
Exploring the Thematic Connection of The Sorrows of Young Werther with Persian Literature
Authors: Shahryar Ali Khan , Yingzhi Li
Published: November 2024

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s early intellectual engagement with Islamic culture and Persian literature is well-documented. His library houses work by renowned Persian poets like Hafiz, Sadi, Rumi, and Khayyam. The influence of Persian literary tradition is discernible throughout The Sorrows of Young Werther. Although numerous studies have probed the impact of Persian poets on Goethe’s writings, the thematic relationship between The Sorrows of Young Werther and Persian literature has yet to be explored. To fill this gap, the present research utilizes the comparative method as an analytical framework. This allows for the identification and in-depth exploration of the connections between Goethe’s epistolary novel and several celebrated literary works. The results indicate that Goethe’s profound engagement with Persian literature led to a set of conspicuous thematic associations, along with some verbal correspondences. Nevertheless, the theological themes within The Sorrows of Young Werther demand further examination, especially regarding Persian mysticism.
Antibiotic Release and Mechanical Performance of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement: Findings from In-vitro Studies
Authors: Karaglani Makrina
Published: November 2024

Using Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widespread in orthopedic surgeries for implant fixation and as a carrier for antibiotic delivery to prevent and treat infections. This review comprehensively evaluates in-vitro studies investigating the antibiotic elution profiles and mechanical properties of PMMA bone cement. We explore the kinetics of antibiotic release, factors influencing elution efficiency and the impact of various antibiotics on the mechanical properties of PMMA composites. At the same time, we examine how the inclusion of antibiotics affects the mechanical integrity of PMMA, including parameters such as compressive strength, tensile strength and fatigue resistance. Through a detailed analysis of these studies, this review aims to provide insights into optimizing PMMA bone cement formulations for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and structural performance.

Using Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widespread in orthopedic surgeries for implant fixation and as a carrier for antibiotic delivery to prevent and treat infections. This review comprehensively evaluates in-vitro studies investigating the antibiotic elution profiles and mechanical properties of PMMA bone cement. We explore the kinetics of antibiotic release, factors influencing elution efficiency and the impact of various antibiotics on the mechanical properties of PMMA composites. At the same time, we examine how the inclusion of antibiotics affects the mechanical integrity of PMMA, including parameters such as compressive strength, tensile strength and fatigue resistance. Through a detailed analysis of these studies, this review aims to provide insights into optimizing PMMA bone cement formulations for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and structural performance.
The Implications of Digital Culture for Contemporary Literature: Navigating New Narratives, Forms, and Reader Engagement in the Digital Age
Authors: Zafar Quratulain , Gohar Saba Gull Ali , Jawad Muhammad , Soomro Mehwish
Published: November 2024

This research examines the impact of digital culture on contemporary literature, particularly focusing on narrative structures, reader engagement, and comprehension in digital formats. As digital media continue to reshape how literature is consumed, this study explores the effects of interactive and multimedia-rich digital texts on reader behavior and cognitive engagement. Using a quantitative approach, the research combined surveys with 500 participants and content analysis of 20 digital texts, including hypertext fiction and multimedia narratives. Descriptive statistics revealed that participants spent 32% more time engaging with interactive formats than traditional digital texts, with younger readers showing higher engagement levels. The analysis also found a significant positive correlation (r = 0.45, p < 0.05) between digital media familiarity and preference for interactive narratives. However, comprehension scores varied, with some readers finding it difficult to follow non-linear, branching storylines. Content analysis showed that 75% of the selected digital texts contained multimedia elements, while 65% included hyperlinks, reflecting the prevalence of these features in contemporary digital literature. The results support the hypothesis that interactive formats enhance engagement, but suggest challenges in comprehension, especially with complex, non-linear narratives. This study provides key insights for authors, publishers, and educators on the evolving landscape of digital literature and reader interaction. It highlights the need for more research on the long-term effects of digital reading on comprehension and cognitive development, as well as a deeper comparison between digital and traditional reading experiences.
Kişisel Özdeşlik ve Beden
Authors: Demirbaş İbrahim
Published: November 2024

Kişinin durmaksızın değişen özelliklerinin arkasında, bu değişimleri onun üzerinde mümkün kılarak değişmeyen benliğinin nasıl ve ne şekilde var olabileceği sorununa dayanan kişisel özdeşlik problemi, ‘benlik’ tasavvurunu bedenden ve bedenin varoluş şeklinden soyutladığı sürece zeminsiz ve dolayısıyla hatalı bir sorudur. Zira beden, insanın her türlü belirleniminin onda yaşandığı temel konumun bizzat kendisi ve de insanın ondan hiçbir şekilde soyutlanamayacağı bir varoluş merkezi olarak, ‘benlik’ten soyutlanabilir veya ondan ayrı düşünülebilir bir yapıda değildir. Beden hakkındaki bu olgu, insanın varoluş durumlarına ve dünya ile kurduğu ilişkinin nasıl gerçekleştiğine dönülerek görülebilir bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada tam da bu varoluş durumlarından ve insanın bedeni ile kurmak zorunda olduğu dünyayla olan ilişkisinin, Merleau-Ponty’nin bedene dair yaptığı varoluşsal/fenomenolojik incelemelerle temellendirilerek nasıl gerçekleştiği ortaya konacaktır. Böylelikle, değişim ve özdeşliğin birbirinden soyutlanmadan, bütünsel bir şekilde ele alındığında aslında birbirlerini ne denli gerektirdiklerinin bir mantıksal serimlemesi ortaya konarak, ‘kişisel özdeşlik’ dediğimiz problemin de içerisinde hem özdeşliği hem de değişimi barındıran insan varoluşundan hareketle bir zemine sahip olduğunun bir gösterimi yapılacaktır. Bu gösterim sonucunda, ‘beden’i ‘ruh’ veya ‘benlik’ karşısında ‘maddî nitelikler’e indirgeyen yaklaşımın bir araştırma konusu olarak bedeni ne denli ıskaladığı gösterilerek ve böylelikle bedenin bir ‘nesne’ olarak herhangi bir şeye indirgenemez konumu ortaya çıkartılarak bir ‘beden merkezli ontoloji savunusu’ yapılacaktır.
Frankfurt Okulu'nun Savunulması
Authors: Watson Mike
Published: November 2024

Avrupa’daki devrimci solun yenilgisiyle boğuşan bir grup teorisyenin oluşturduğu Frankfurt Okulu , mütemadiyen yanlış anlaşılmıştır. Bu kişiler, kendilerini eleştirenlerce obskürantizmle ve elitist olmakla itham edilmişlerdir. Fakat onlar, kendilerine yönelik bu eleştirilerin aksine, gerçekliği perdeleyen şeyin kapitalizm olduğunu savunmuşlardır.