bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Instrumental Concerto in Bent Sørensen’s Musical Output
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State A. K. Glazunov Conservatory, Okuneva Ekaterina G.
Published: July 2023

In the musical output of the modern Danish composer Bent Sørensen, the genre of the instrumental concerto occupies the leading position. The composer has written eight concertos, as well as a number of orchestral works in which particular solo instruments stand out. Based on their analysis, the article reveals the composer’s approach to this genre and the possibility of maintaining it. One of the characteristic features of Sørensen’s concerto works is the programmatic quality. The composer’s works are united by common themes of decay, disappearance, as well as reflection of musical culture, which leads to a saturation of the musical material by means of various stylistic allusions. The unified conceptual sphere gives rise to the phenomenon of connections between different musical works in the output of the Danish composer, while the stylistic juxtapositions, as well as the contrasts of the heterogeneous material in terms of timbre and texture embody the principle of dialogue, which is characteristic of the genre of the concerto. The programmatic quality determines the variety of compositional solutions of Sørensen’s concertos, in which connection, it is proposed to differentiate all of his compositions into two categories: one is represented by compositional models that preserve or revise the concerto form (for example, the Violin Concerto, the Clarinet Concerto, the Third Piano Concerto), and the other demonstrates models, each one focusing on an individual project (for example, the First Piano Concerto, the Accordion Concerto, the Harpsichord Concerto, etc.). In the latter case, elements of instrumental theater are often introduced into the concerto genre. One specific means of dramaturgy in Sørensen’s concerto opuses is the technique of transformation of the timbre and acoustics of the sound sphere, which involves changing the means of playing, the instruments or the sound sources (for example, a transition of the functioning of the orchestral musicians to singing and playing harmonicas in the Accordion Concerto, the transition from playing tremolo to creating sounds on sandpaper blocks in the composition Mignon — Papillons, the substitution of acoustic sound with tape recording in the Clarinet Concerto). The provided analysis allows us to arrive at the conclusion that the sphere of the instrumental concerto forms a single musical-semantic space in Sørensen’s musical output, which is endowed with its own personal characteristic features.
La transacción: determinación como título ejecutivo o título de ejecución
Authors: Taipe Wendy Melina
Published: July 2023

La transacción en el ámbito normativo, se utiliza para resolver controversias en un proceso judicial o para evitarlo, por ello la transacción toma carácter de título ejecutivo o título de ejecución, para lo cual se utilizara el método de estudio cualitativo, estudiaremos el concepto de la transacción hasta revisar su contextualización en la legislación ecuatoriana, así como sus tipos, refiriéndonos a la transacción judicial y la transacción extrajudicial, además repasar el proceso judicial por el cual se exige el cumplimiento de la transacción, dando una pauta para determinar la vía judicial adecuada para la exigibilidad de la transacción celebrada entre las partes.
Lesión de Morel – Lavallée: Un desafío ortoplástico
Authors: Gutiérrez Fernández Francine , Ramírez Perera Shelsy , Navarrete Guerrero Alvin , Serrano Román Daniel
Published: July 2023

Las lesiones de Morel- Lavallée son lesiones provocadas por trauma de alta energia que dan como resultado un desprendimiento interno de los tejidos y licuefacción de los mismos. En ciertas ocasiones se diagnostican de manera errónea y tardía lo que podrian generar un compromiso importante de la extremidad y/o del paciente. Su abordaje, reconocimiento y tratamiento continúa siendo un desafío, puede ser tratado con manejo conservador, mínimamente invasivo o quirúrgico, por la complejidad de dichas lesiones es importante el trabajo multidisciplinario lo que significa un reto para el equipo de ortoplástica e infectología en casos en los que estas se presenten.
Pengaruh CSR, Profitabilitas dan Ukuran PerusahaanTerhadap Harga Saham
Authors: Bungsu Gita Fitria , Mar'ati Fudji Sri , Puspita Maria Entina
Published: July 2023

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengarug csr, profitabilitas, leverage dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan sub sector tekstil dan garmen yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang telah dipublikasikan oleh BEI dan websidte perusahaan. Teknik analisis pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda, Uji t, Uji F dan Koefisien Determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan CSR dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, sedangkan leverage dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap harga saham. Namun secara simultann CSR, profitabilitas, leverage dan ukuran perusahaan  berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sector tekstil dan garmen. Perusahaan diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan tentang harga saham, sehingga manajemen perusahaan dapat merancang mekanisme pelaksanaan kelanjutan perusahaan dengan baik sehingga mampu meningkatkan harga saham perusahaan dan semakin banyak menarik minat investor.
Pandemia: Ciencia y Eficiencia
Authors: Olórtegui-Tantaleán José Luis
Published: July 2023

La pandemia COVID-19 nos está dejando importantes lecciones a un costo altísimo: revalorar la labor del neumólogo y el lugar de la medicina respiratoria como uno de los cimientos de la estructura sanitaria de una nación; conseguir nuestros objetivos sanitarios con recursos limitados y en el menor tiempo posible;adaptarnos a la evolución rápidamente cambiante de las catástrofes sanitarias, redirigiendo recursos y esfuerzos; conocer mejor la dinámica de las enfermedades de rápida transmisión, para anticipar su impacto y mitigar sus consecuencias, y reconocer que en países como el nuestro, las reco mendaciones técnicas no serán necesariamente acatadas (al menos en un inicio) por nuestras autoridades nacionales.
COVID-19: La evidencia sobre las medidas preventivas
Authors: Cabrera-Rivero José Luis
Published: July 2023

La emergencia de infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 obligaron a implementar una serie de medidas preventivas que han demostrado ser efectivas en mitigar el avance de la COVID-19. Dichas medidas estuvieron basadas en evidencia clínica y la mayoría se basaron en experiencias de pandemias anteriores. Estudios durante la pandemia validaron sus resultados y permitieron desaconsejar algunas otras de limitada eficacia. En el presente artículo desarrollamos las principales medidas preventivas y la evidencia que las respalda.
Silicosis complicada con Tuberculosis
Authors: Cerpa Chacaliaza Belén
Published: July 2023

Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente, operario de cerámica y loza por más de 10 años sin medidas preventivas ocupacionales, con silicosis complicada con grandes nódulos silicóticos visualizados en diversas pruebas deimagen. Nuestro paciente fue diagnosticado por presentar infección tuberculosa agregada con baciloscopía positiva, recibiendo tratamiento antituberculoso prolongado hasta completar 12 meses. Para el diagnóstico de esta patología, el antecedente de exposición laboral por inhalación de sílice junto con la historia clínica, las pruebas de imagen y la biopsia pulmonar nos sirvieron para descartar la presencia de otra enfermedad.
Neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii como debut del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) en épocas de pandemia por COVID-19, reporte de un caso
Authors: Ortiz-Espinoza Marcela , Laguna-Torres Alberto
Published: July 2023

Varón de 42 años, ingresa por el servicio de emergencias presentando dificultad respiratoria progresiva, malestar general y fiebre, se decide hospitalizar en esta institución con el diagnóstico de Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda por neumonía viral, se requirió descartar COVID-19 por hallazgos sugestivos y se obtuvo prueba molecular negativa. Mediante pruebas de laboratorio se contó con prueba ELISA VIH (+), teniendo al momento la sospecha de neumonía atípica por una infección oportunista en el supuesto caso de un paciente inmunosuprimido, se solicitaron otros exámenes complementarios (Western-Blot, Linfocitos T CD4) para la posterior confirmación del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH). Finalmente, fue diagnosticado como neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii teniendo en cuenta que no se presentó el patrón típico radiológico y cumpliendo otros factores de riesgo asociados se obtuvo una evolución favorable del paciente.
Bioactive Compounds from Hot Spring and Volcanic Microorganisms
Authors: Maglangit Fleurdeliz , Miranda Kevin Jace , Villarubia Mariel Rose , Dalman Danielle
Published: July 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threatening global health challenge with an estimated annual death toll of 10 million by 2050 if unabated. Therefore, there is a mounting urgency to find new sources of clinical candidates for the development of drugs that are effective against drug-resistant infections and cancer. Hot springs and volcanic environments represent valuable sources of novel natural products (NPs) – including polyketides, alkaloids, and peptides – yet largely untapped and understudied. Microbes from these niches have been found to develop unique defenses to thrive in extreme temperatures and harsh conditions, leading to the biosynthesis of novel molecules with unique chemical architectures and remarkable biological activities. The present review surveys the bioactive NPs from hot springs and volcanic microbes from 2006–2022, highlighting their chemical structures and biological potential. Notably, the compounds ohmyungsamycin A, dicitrinone B, and terrein displayed more potent cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell lines compared to the current chemotherapy drugs, indicating a promising potential for drug development. The continued exploration of extreme microbes will undoubtedly bring many discoveries of bioactive molecules potentially valuable for biotechnological or pharmaceutical applications.
Evaluation of Blood-feeding Methods for Rearing Dengue Mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Hila Abigaile Mia , Obra Glenda
Published: July 2023

Maintaining a mosquito colony for rearing is essential in research, and the rearing of mosquitoes in the laboratory requires blood as a protein source for females to produce eggs. The use of live animals for blood-feeding imposes ethical considerations and entails an additional laboratory for rearing the live animals. In this study, we have established an artificial blood-feeding system for Aedes aegypti that took into consideration the effects of four factors on blood-feeding – namely, egg source colony, blood source, age of females, and heating intervals. For the quality control tests, all parameters tested did not significantly differ between colonies after 14 generations. In terms of egg source, more adult females significantly fed from pig blood (PB) colonies (78%) than live mice (LM) colonies. In terms of blood source, more adult females (85%) fed on immobilized LM than in the artificial blood-feeding system with PB as a blood source. In terms of age, 3- and 5-d-old females showed the highest % blood-feeding (75–78%), fecundity, fertility, and recoveries compared to when females were fed very young at 1 d old and quite old at 7 d old. Among the heating intervals tested, re-heating PB every 60 min for 4 h showed the highest % of females fed (66%). All four factors significantly explain the variation in the % blood-feeding efficiency of female mosquitoes and, therefore, important factors to consider in mosquito colony maintenance. We also conclude that the established artificial blood-feeding system can be used for rearing Ae. aegypti. The results of the study may encourage laboratories in other institutes that conduct mosquito colony maintenance to seek inexpensive, effective, and locally-available artificial blood-feeding systems.
Microstructures of Austenitic Stainless Steel 56Fe25Ni16.6Cr0.9Si0.5Mn Solid-treated with Different Cooling Rates
Authors: Dani Mohammad , Aziz Ferhat , Farihin Parikin , Dimyati Arbi , Sukaryo Sulistioso Giat , Lesmana Joshua Gunawan , Insani Andon , Mustofa Salim , Panitra Mardiyanto , Huang Ching An
Published: July 2023

A new synthesized 56Fe25Ni16.6Cr0.9Si0.5Mn austenitic stainless steel (ASS) was produced through casting and then annealing and normalizing at 1100 °C, followed by cooling at different rates. Microstructures of the samples were studied by using X-ray and neutron diffractometers, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The stainless steel had a face center cubic structure (X-ray diffraction profile). The microstructure of ASS consists of γ-austenite matrix and high Cr carbide particles in the interior grains and grain boundaries. It seemed that the annealing process affected information of γ-austenite grain size in the ASS, growing larger compared to grain size formed in the normalizing process, similarly by cooling into the air, water, and oil media. The M23C7 islands in the grain boundary formed into a larger size after annealing or normalizing processes, and in addition, the island shape was more elongated. No significant changes were found concerning the particle size and shape of M7C6 at the grain boundary of the ASS after annealing or normalizing. Neutron diffraction patterns confirmed the Fm3m space group symmetry of ASS as obtained by the XRD method, therefore establishing ASS as an austenite phase. Results of the uniform deformation method (UDM) analysis applied upon the high-resolution powder neutron diffractometer (HRPD) intensity showed that the deformation strain was 2.3705 × 10–4. TEM results for ASS showed that the sizes of rectangular precipitates ranged from 63 × 32 nm to 84 × 42 nm with larger-sized irregulars reaching about 190 nm across. All these results showed that an ASS has been successfully synthesized and that it has a promising future to be used as a high-temperature structural material.
PID-FUZZY Control System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV): Highly Accurate FPGA Implementation
Authors: Bhattacharya D. , Puttamadappa C.
Published: July 2023

Because of the linear and nonlinear variations in the operating environment, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are one of the most difficult applications. The complexity of the control algorithm should be less for real-time implementation in a field programable gate array logic (FPGA) device. In this work, a highly accurate FPGA implementation of PID-Fuzzy control strategy is proposed for an AUV operation that is extremely precise. Parameters such as weight, water density, and depth are used to perform highly efficient and accurate control for the proposed system. A type II fuzzy logic controller and accompanying proportional-integral- derivative controller are used to confine pitch and depth boundaries. The proposed design is modeled using SIMULINK software, and Verilog code is generated using hardware description language coder from MATLAB. Xilinx software is used to synthesize the Verilog code for spartan FPGA. The proposed technique improves the accuracy and reduces the response time when compared to the conventional control strategy.
Non-surgical Syngeneic Model of Endometriosis in Ovary-intact Outbred Mice
Authors: Tan Irene , Benjamin Kimberly , Tan Prince Dominik Alljen , Reyes Emmanuel Marc , Masangkay Joseph , Velarde Michael
Published: July 2023

Intraperitoneal injection of endometrial tissues into inbred mice such as C57BL/6J is widely used as a model to study endometriosis, a disease characterized by the abnormal proliferation of endometrial cells which invade various tissues within the peritoneal cavity. However, most of these inbred mouse strains have a weak immune system and are often ovariectomized, which is not reflective of the human population in general. Hence, this study used the ovary intact ICR mouse strain as a model to study the immune response during endometriosis development using a non-surgical syngeneic model with no estrogen supplementation. We showed that ICR mice developed ectopic endometrial tissues after 8 wk, but these were mostly necrotic. Reducing the induction period to 4 wk increased the number of ectopic tissues, and endometriotic lesions were also formed in 30% of the induced recipient mice, albeit with a relatively low incidence rate. Endometriotic lesions in ICR mice were also associated with fewer lesion-resident macrophages and lesser vascularization than in C57BL/6J mice. This is further supported by a significantly downregulated expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and M2 macrophage activity in ICR versus C57BL/6J donor endometrium. Conversely, inflammatory response genes were significantly upregulated in the endometrium of ICR versus C57BL/6J mice. Overall, these data implicate the role of inflammation in inhibiting the establishment of endometrial lesions in ICR mice and the involvement of macrophage in promoting endometriosis in C57BL/6J mice. The present work reports the establishment of endometriotic lesions in outbred ICR mice by a less invasive syngeneic intraperitoneal injection procedure.
Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Philippine Forest Woody Vines
Authors: Balagot Kim Wilmer , Delica Kimberly , Lapuz Rebecca , Ramos Rowena , Bisana Grace Rowena
Published: July 2023

Woody vines are herbaceous plants that use different clinging structures to find vertical support from nearby trees. They are commonly used for handicraft purposes but there were reports that they were used for medicinal applications. With this, the stems of eight forest woody vine species were evaluated for their phytochemical components, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. These were Strychnos minor Denrst. (“balakbakin”), Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr (“albotra”), Merremia peltata (L.) Merr. (“bulakan”), Hypserpa nitida Miers ex Benth (“lalapau”), Symphorema luzonicum (Blanco) F.-Vill. (“mulawing-baging”), Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) (“tilob”), Connarus semidecandrus (Zoll.) Leenh. (“kamagsa brown”), and Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr (“gugo”), which are all native to the Philippines. Results showed that S. minor and S. luzonicum had the highest extraction yield of 6.28 ± 0.39% and 6.26 ± 0.77%, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that the crude extracts contained different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. For total phenolic content, ethanolic extracts of woody vines ranged from 9.51–640.24 mg GAE/g dried extract with C. semidecandrus and S. luzonicum were found to have higher amounts among forest woody vines with values of 640.24 ± 7.13 and 398.94 ± 20.08 mg GAE/g dried extract, respectively. Moreover, DPPH results showed that D. linearis, S. luzonicum, E. phaseoloides, and C. semidecandrus had strong antioxidant activities, which ranged from 5.99–17.88 μg/mL IC50 and were higher than the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) standard (28.47 μg/mL IC50). On the other hand, M. peltata, A. flava, H. nitida, and S. minor antioxidant activity ranged from 40.61–78.65 μg/mL IC50. Similar results of FRAP assay showed that S. luzonicum had the highest antioxidant activity with 2.68 ± 0.07 μmol TE/g dried extract, whereas S. minor and H. nitida had the lowest antioxidant activity with 0.43 μmol TE/g dried extract ± 0.03 and 0.41 ± 0.02 μmol TE/g dried extract, respectively. Among the tested microorganisms for antimicrobial assay (well diffusion method), the growth of S. aureus was susceptible to the ethanolic extracts of S. luzonicum and C. Semidecandrus with inhibition zones of 21.3 ± 1.4 and 20.1 ± 2.5 mm, respectively. Overall, results show that woody vines contain phytochemicals with promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These results could be used as a baseline in the purification of woody vines’ bioactive components.
Looking from above the Seven Crater Lakes, Arrangement, and Limitation of Aquaculture Structure
Authors: Brillo Bing Baltazar
Published: July 2023

The Seven Crater Lakes—Sampaloc Lake, Bunot Lake, Palakpakin Lake, Pandin Lake, Yambo Lake, Mohicap Lake, and Calibato Lake—are work-in-progress to address and conclude the aquaculture structure impediments. This paper examines the aquaculture structure’s configuration of the maar lakes by looking into the fish cage zone’s arrangement and limitation attributes. This academic work embraces a subjective-qualitative approach and takes from the above perspective. The inferences are: [1] Pandin Lake, Yambo Lake, Mohicap Lake, and Sampaloc Lake have attained the fish cage structures’ restriction, i.e. Sampaloc Lake has accomplished, whereas Pandin Lake, Yambo Lake, and Mohicap Lake have to be satisfied the fish cage structures’ dimension, alignment, and distance; [2] Palakpakin Lake has confirmed the fish cage structures’ reduction, as well as the fish cage structures’ dimension, alignment, and distance, i.e. Palakpakin Lake shows that the aquaculture structure’s configuration has not been strictly observed and, hence, this requires stringent implementation; and [3] Bunot Lake and Calibato Lake have not yet conformed to the fish cage structures’ reduction, as well as the fish cage structures’ dimension, alignment, and distance. Bunot Lake and Calibato Lake are still behind the rest and, thus, these necessitate responding urgently. Overall, these central features are rudimentary but essential requirements in the crater lakes—whether complementing, reciprocating, or augmenting from conservation-development connection to the aquaculture-tourism nexus.
Cave Resource Evaluation Using Sensitivity Scoring Index Applied to the Capisaan Cave System, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
Authors: Caranza Jayson , Calderon Margaret
Published: July 2023

Caves are significant nonrenewable resources that provide a variety of ecosystem services with varying sensitivities to disturbance. This study assessed the sensitivity of resources found in the Capisaan Cave System (CCS) in Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya to below and above-ground human activities or disturbances by adopting a standardized scale or index. Cave passages comprising the whole cave system were divided into subsections and were individually evaluated. Parameters included the characterization of the biological, hydrological, geological, mineralogical, paleontological, and cultural resources of the cave system. Inventory methods such as belt transect, point-transect distance sampling, opportunistic sampling, and total enumeration were employed. Results showed that animals associated with CCS both at the surface and subsurface levels had high diversity and endemicity. Hydrology inside and surrounding CCS is also very active and continuously shapes the geological structure of CCS. Among the sensitivity parameters, biota was found to be the most sensitive to disturbance followed by speleothems and hydrology resources. The computed sensitivity of resources found in CCS places it in the “slightly sensitive” classification. However, the study recommends that managers look at the individual parameter scores of each cave section instead of simply looking at the overall score of the cave system. The sensitivity classification of CCS was changed to “severely sensitive” when the zero-indexed parameters were removed from the computation, with Section 1 obtaining a classification of “critically sensitive” and, therefore, requiring more strict and intensive management interventions. This information is important in deciding where and how to manage specific sections without sacrificing future ecological and economic uses. Overall, the study successfully tested the applicability of the modified existing standardized cave sensitivity assessment index for a tropical cave, providing a comprehensive method that may serve as a convenient model for assessing other cave systems in the country.
Needs Assessment and Co-creation of Policy Recommendations for DOST-CEST Program Sites: Philippines’ Transdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Dapito Marife , Geges Dhino , Dangcalan Ron Jay , Consignado Gillian , Amparo Jennifer Marie , Mendoza Maria Emilinda , Visco Emilia , Torio Diana , Marcelino Rocky , Cabauatan Daniel Joy , Muros Maria Shiela , Sarmiento Angelika , Bernardez Miciah , Calara Alvaro , Malenab Ma. Charisma , Ang-Bon Rita Mae , Piñon Caroline
Published: July 2023

Local development is multi-faceted, which precipitates the need for transdisciplinary approaches to capture the complexity of issues and possible solutions to development challenges. Six program sites in two provinces located in Southern Luzon, Philippines under the Department of Science and Technology Community Empowerment through Science and Technology (DOST-CEST) program were studied to determine possible science and technology interventions to accelerate local development. The study used a concurrent mixed-method research design where the qualitative and quantitative data are collected during the same stage. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted to represent local government and sectoral groups. Secondary data – which includes barangay and municipal profiles and local government unit (LGU) data on social services – were collected, and a survey was used to gather information on the needs of the community members. The existing needs include access to healthcare, health facilities, and services, improved access to potable water sources, compliance with solid waste management, educational assistance, sustainable livelihood opportunities, and equipment for better disaster preparedness and response. Theoretical reflections using transdisciplinary approaches such as human ecology and social technology assisted in local development planning and policy recommendations where data and synthesis generated the need for a convergence approach, integrative research, community organizing, and partnerships with higher education institutions. Specific recommendations would include improving the quality of the KALINGA mix for health and nutrition, provision of ceramic water filters for water and sanitation, STARBOOKS (Science and Technology Academic and Research-Based Openly Operated Kiosk Station) units, which are like science library-on-the-go kiosks for basic education, and incorporating technologies like an automated rain gauge, flood early warning station, and water level monitoring station in the current disaster risk response and management. Prioritization of interventions should be matched with the resources and capacities of both DOST and LGUs.
Pakistan IEA Relations, A Game Theory Perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad Bilal Iftikhar , Bukhari Syed Waqas Haider , Siddique Marriyam
Published: July 2023

In ancient Greece Armies, before going to war, used to pay respect to Athena, who was the Greek goddess of wisdom, strategy, and warfare. The Athenians believed that Athena would offer them strategic guidance and protect them in battle. In contrast, Ares, who was the god of war and bloodlust was ignored. The Athenians believed that invoking Ares would bring them victory, but at the cost of more bloodshed and brutality. Therefore, they preferred wisdom from Athena because historical experience had taught them that war is won primarily with wisdom, whereas emotionalism and bloodlust only result in a Pyrrhic victory. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan has experienced a high level of terrorist violence and attacks for many years, including before and after the US withdrawal from Afghanistan. The violence in KPK is primarily linked to the ongoing conflict between the Pakistani government and various militant groups, including TTP and other extremist organizations. Although the US withdrawal from Afghanistan may have some impact on the situation in KPK, it is not the sole cause of the violence there. The conflict in KPK has deep roots, including historical grievances, ethnic and sectarian tensions, and ongoing struggles over political power and resources. In recent years, the Pakistani government has taken steps to address the violence in KPK, including increased military operations and efforts to promote peace talks with militant groups. However, the situation in the province remains volatile, and ongoing violence and instability continue to pose a significant challenge. Multipolarity in the global order is becoming visible day by day. China and Russia are coordinating policies and are working together to replace the US-dominated global order. Central and Euro Asia are strategically very important to competing powers. This has restarted a great game in the region in which Pakistan and Afghanistan are on one side victims and on the other are getting pitched against each other.  Due to the surge in terrorism, the Pakistani establishment is being forced to launch /target TTP positions in Afghanistan. Taliban who are themselves under pressure due to the financial crisis coupled with ISKP attacks are not taking any action against TTP. In this essay, we will use Game Theory and the prisoner dilemma model to find out what can be the best policy for Pakistan to achieve its objectives.
A Critical Examination of the Relationship between Social Capital Theory and Non-Formal Education in Pakistan
Authors: Sabihee Shahid  , Khadim Madiha , Rafiq Shahid
Published: July 2023

This paper critically analyzes the relationship between Social Capital Theory and Non-Formal Education in Pakistan. Social Capital Theory emphasizes the importance of social networks and relationships in accessing resources and opportunities. At the same time, Non-Formal Education refers to learning that takes place outside of formal educational institutions. The paper examines this relationship's potential benefits and challenges in Pakistan, where social and economic inequalities are prevalent, and access to education is limited for specific groups. The paper explores how non-formal education programs can provide opportunities for individuals in Pakistan to build social capital and overcome some of the barriers to education. It also highlights the challenges that non-formal education faces in a context where many people need access to primary resources and infrastructure. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted interventions that address the needs of marginalized and disadvantaged communities in Pakistan. It suggests that non-formal education programs can promote social capital development in these communities by providing opportunities for individuals to network and build relationships with others with similar interests and goals. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of creating inclusive and equitable education and social support systems that provide equal opportunities to all individuals, regardless of their social or economic background.
The Cross-Cultural Leadership Strategy of School Administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1
Authors: Dedwongsa Isarapong , Lapchareon Supawadee
Published: July 2023

The objective of this survey research is to study and compare the cross-cultural leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1 classified according to the academic standing, special classroom in foreign language, and school size. The sample population consisted of 357 teachers working in schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1 during the 2022 academic year. The research instrument was a five-rating scale questionnaire. The test of accuracy found an index of item objective congruence (IOC) between 0.60-1.00 and a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.969. The statistics used in the data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The researcher also employed a t-test technique and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique in addition to Scheffe’s multiple comparison method. The results were that the cross-cultural leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Bangkok 1 had an overall high-level average. When the five aspects were considered, it showed as follows: multicultural acceptance, cultural communication, equity and ethics, positive power, and organizational relationship. In addition, the teachers who differed in academic standing and school size exhibited overall differences in their opinions towards the cross-cultural leadership of school administrators at a statistical significance level of .05. However, there were no differences in the opinions of teachers who differed in special classroom in foreign language.
COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS HORTIGRANJEIROS:
Authors: Souza Paulo Henrique Moraes de , Castillo Ricardo Abid
Published: July 2023

O abastecimento alimentar da população brasileira, sobretudo do setor hortícola, em grande medida, advém da comercialização das centrais de abastecimento, como a CEAGESP e as Ceasas espalhadas pelo país. Essas centrais funcionam como nós logísticos entre os atores do circuito inferior das economias urbana e agrária. No caso da CEAGESP capital, possui papel crucial na distribuição de produtos hortigranjeiros, pois funciona como um significativo elo dos circuitos espaciais produtivos do setor hortigranjeiro. Ela também desempenha a função de atacadista para os agentes do circuito inferior da economia urbana de comercialização de alimentos, formais e informais e se encarrega de distribuir a produção de pequenos agricultores. Nessa perspectiva, partiu-se da hipótese de que a maioria dos fornecedores do Entreposto Terminal São Paulo (ETSP) são agricultores familiares, os quais contribuem para a segurança alimentar brasileira e para maior garantia de renda dentro do processo produtivo, já que estimulam a diversificação produtiva local e regional. O propósito do presente artigo é analisar a relação de proximidade dos locais de fornecimento dos dez principais produtos hortigranjeiros comercializados, por quantidade, pelo ETSP no ano de 2019, além de analisar a qual circuito da economia agrária pertencem esses produtores.
APLICAÇÃO DO INDICADOR DE SALUBRIDADE AMBIENTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE JABOTICABA/RS
Authors: Scolari Tainan Weber , Medeiros Raphael Corrêa , Passini Aline Ferrão Custodio
Published: July 2023

O Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA) foi proposto pelo Conselho Estadual de Saneamento de São Paulo (CONESAN), com a principal premissa de apresentar um valor numérico que represente o nível de salubridade ambiental. O ISA avalia diversos componentes do saneamento e seu valor varia de 0 até 1 (ou 0% até 100%), e quanto mais próximo de 1, maior é a salubridade ambiental da região analisada. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi realizar diagnóstico dos sistemas de saneamento básico no município de Jaboticaba/RS, por meio do ISA, apurando as condições atuais para desenvolvimento de um prognóstico visando melhorias. Para tal, realizou-se um levantamento de dados do município, os quais foram compilados e organizados para que se pudessem obter os valores dos indicadores de 3ª e 2ª ordem, resultando no valor do ISA para cada microrregião municipal, a fim de que, posteriormente, se pudesse obter o valor geral do, aqui denominado, ISA/JAB. Obteve-se o valor do ISA/JAB para as microrregiões do município, tanto rurais quanto urbanas, realizando uma análise aprofundada de todos os componentes do saneamento municipal. O valor geral do ISA/JAB foi de 51,82%, que enquadra a região como de média salubridade. O estudo apontou a necessidade de avanço em algumas esferas do saneamento, principalmente o esgotamento sanitário, que carecem de melhorias para elevar a salubridade ambiental local. Os melhores resultados foram apresentados pelo Indicador de Controle de Vetores, com 90,44% seguido pelo Indicador de Abastecimento de Água, com 81,70%.
Desenvolvimento socioeconômico e desmatamento controlado são importantes para a sustentabilidade da Reserva Extrativista Rio Cajari?
Authors: Freitas Josimar , Farias Filho Milton Cordeiro , Mathis Armin , Homma Alfredo Kingo Oyama , Santos Kennedy Maia
Published: July 2023

The inhabitants of the Extractive Reserve (RESEX) in Rio Cajari need investments from the state to strengthen public policies for education, health, basic sanitation , and incentives for extractivism activities, agriculture, and animal husbandry. This study evaluated the institutional public policies, survival conditions of the inhabitants, and their relations with the forest. Additionally, variables of the environmental, economic, social, and institutional groups were evaluated with 101 interviewees in 23 of the 31 communities of RESEX Rio Cajari. Here, we highlight the mistake of maintaining extract ivism as an attribute, without knowing the arket  orces, lack of technology, technical assistance, improving social capital, and, more importantly, greater engagement with theextractivists themselves in seeking solutions rather than relying on the government. Deforestation must be part of environmental policy, especially when considering small producers.
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT HABITAT LOSS IN CHAPADA DIAMANTINA, BAHIA, BRAZIL
Authors: Oliveira Garcia Arianny , Schacht Gustavo Luis , Moraes Isabel Cristina
Published: July 2023

Habitat fragmentation is characterised by reducing a continuous vegetation area in isolated patches. The objective was to evaluate if there is a process of fragmentation or habitat loss in the Chapada Diamantina and to report the first impressions on how local biodiversity is affected. We used Geoprocessing techniques and elaborated a map of vegetation cover and land use with Sentinel satellite images. We also used QGIS 3.10, visual analysis, photo interpretation, and classification techniques supervised by the Dzetsaka algorithm. The results indicate that the Morro do Chapéu State Park (MCSP) is not yet fragmented, and there is an intermediate level of habitat loss; if it persists, it could lead to the fragmentation of the protected area and further impact biodiversity. For this problem to be repaired or mitigated, it is necessary to think of priority areas for land regularisation and increased supervision, an attempt to repress illegal activities in this conservation area.
ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA CAJUCULTURA NO SEMIÁRIDO POTIGUAR:
Authors: Silva Camila Saiury Pereira , Arraes Kátia Alves , Motta Filho Leandro Magno Santos da , Barbosa Antônio Helton da Silva , Moreira Melquisedec Medeiros
Published: July 2023

A cajucultura no Nordeste brasileiro tem significativa importância econômica e social. Tradicionalmente cultivados em regime de sequeiro, ou seja, sem irrigação, os pomares de cajueiros atravessaram um período bastante crítico nos últimos anos devido à baixa pluviosidade, resultante da última seca severa associada à ocorrência de pragas e doenças que causaram danos à produtividade da castanha de caju. Principal produto econômico da cajucultura. Dada a sua relevância econômica, este estudo teve por finalidade avaliar a distribuição espacial e temporal do uso e ocupação do solo do município de Serra do Mel, localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, tendo como objetivo compreender a dinâmica da cajucultura em 2015, um ano de chuvas abaixo da média e, em 2020, mostrando o cenário atual dessa atividade agrícola. Em nossa pesquisa utilizamos duas imagens do sensor OLI, do satélite Landsat 8, ambas da estação seca, onde foram aplicados os índices espectrais de NDVI, SAVI e BSI, além da inclusão de bandas auxiliares de elevação e declividade visando o refinamento da classificação supervisionada baseada no método de aprendizagem de máquina Random Forest, na plataforma de processamento em nuvem do Google Earth Engine. Desse modo, esta pesquisa identificou que houve redução de áreas cultivadas e, em menor proporção, de áreas de vegetação nativa. Em contrapartida, houve o crescimento de áreas de solo exposto. Concluímos que é necessário desenvolver medidas que minimizem os efeitos de secas prolongadas. Nesse sentido, esperamos que este trabalho possa servir de subsídio ao planejamento e gestão territorial do município.
ANÁLISE DA OCUPAÇÃO DA TERRA EM ÁREA DE RISCO:
Authors: Silva Gabriela Mendonça da , Vieira Antonio Fábio Sabbá Guimarães , Alves André Campos
Published: July 2023

A existência de áreas de riscos é um fato recorrente na cidade de Manaus, impulsionada pela falta de planejamento que visem políticas habitacionais impulsiona a ocupação de áreas inapropriadas às moradias. Este trabalho tem por análise a área de risco (voçorocamento) situada no bairro Nova Cidade. Foram realizados trabalhos de campo no ano de 2017, onde foram obtidas a morfometria da incisão de forma manual e através do uso do VANT, os quais foram comparados com os dados métricos extraídos das imagens do Google Earth Pro do ano de 2021. A evolução da ocupação da terra na área em estudo ao longo dos anos se deu a partir das imagens do Google referente aos anos de 2017, 2018, 2019 e 2020. A voçoroca, em 2017, foi caracterizada como tendo tamanho médio, com 18.900 m3 de material erodido, e em 2020 esta feição erosiva havia totalizado 22.960 m3. A análise temporal da cobertura da terra na área em estudo revela que no ano de 2017 não havia sinais de ocupação ao passo que em 2018 as imagens mostram a ocupação da terra com moradias. Posterior ao ano de 2018 ocorreu o aumento súbito dos números de moradias no entorno da incisão.
App-Device Fit Matters: Understanding User Perceptions of Apps on Smartwatches and Smartphones
Authors: Figl Kathrin , Lehrer Christiane , Helder Jule
Published: July 2023

The smartwatch market is rapidly expanding, with a diverse range of apps now available to users. This study examines users’ perceptions and attitudes toward apps on smartwatches and smartphones. Our experiment revealed that users did not generally perceive apps and the information they provide as more credible, timely, or of higher quality on smartwatches than on smartphones. Instead, the study identified app-device fit as the key factor that influences users’ perceptions. For apps that fit particularly well with smartwatches, such as body-related apps for health and sleep tracking, users rated app credibility, timeliness of data, information quality, and their overall attitude towards using the app higher on the specialized device (i.e., smartwatch) than on smartphones. However, no significant differences were found for sports-related domains, such as hiking and surfing. To optimize user experience, app developers should carefully consider the fit between the app and the device.
Der andere Vertrag
Authors: Reifner Udo
Published: July 2023

Contracts secure freedom and democracy. But with regard to social longterm relations the dominating sales model fails to take into account purpose and duration. Instead ideologies of slavery like subordination and dependency still dominate where the law has to solve problems with regard to the use of jobs, homes and consumer credit. The historical alternative of a rent contract (locatio conductio) was and is still able to replace the sales contract model. Its application with regard to Its history and structure would revolutionize the law of obligations an lead to a contract model that would be more just in its double sense.
Smarte Verdachtsgewinnung
Authors: Peters Amadeus
Published: July 2023

The author examines the legal classification and the constitutional limits of the state's use of artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, to identify unknown crimes ("Smart Suspicion Generation"). According hereto, the Smart Suspicion Generation can lead to a suspicion in terms of criminal proceedings. The problem of opaque algorithms (black box) is resolved without explaining the "decision" of the Smart Suspicion Generation. The author provides a comprehensive analysis of discrimination and bias problems as well as reconcilability with the right to informational self-determination.
Landesverfassungsschutzgesetze
Authors: Meiertöns Heiko
Published: July 2023

Domestic intelligence in Germany is organized with one federal office and sixteen state offices for the protection of the constitution. It is inevitably that with seventeen different legislatures, intelligence law is a highly dynamic matter. The landmark ruling by the Federal Constitutional Court in April 2022 on the Bavarian State Constitutional Protection Act calls for a fundamental legal reorganization. The objections relate to questions of intervention structure, regulatory technique, definiteness and proportionality. This is the first comprehensive comparative legal analysis of the structures and regulatory techniques of the individual state laws.
Die Auswirkungen eines Insolvenzverfahrens auf die Vollstreckung der Geldstrafe
Authors: Kersch Kira
Published: July 2023

In the field of law enforcement, insolvency law and criminal law collide in a problematic way. Building on the purpose of the execution of sentences, this dissertation illuminates the areas of conflict based on the diverg-ing interests of the legal fields. In this context, a detailed examination is made of the question of whether a convicted person can be ordered to pay the fine again after contesting under insolvency law a fine paid be-fore the opening of insolvency proceedings in the light of the prohibition of multiple punishments in Article 103 (3) GG. In addition, the substitute custodial sentence as a surrogate penalty for a fine that is irrecoverable during the ongoing insolvency proceedings is critically questioned.
A Study on the Change of Wire Feeding Speed in GTA Welding (Ⅱ) - Development of Weld Bead Shape Prediction Model -
Authors: Park Daekyu , Lee Changik , Park Youngwhan
Published: July 2023

Throughout the GTA welding (GTAW) process, bead width (Bw), bead height (Bh), penetration depth (Dp), and metal transfer modes change in accordance with welding current and wire feeding speed. Various processes employing GTAW include text marking welding systems that have bead width and bead height as the main management items, and some such processes require sufficiently complete penetration. It is judged that there will also be a metal transfer type advantageous for welding the first layer of the pipe root gap. Accordingly, a bead shape prediction model in GTAW has been proposed according to changes in welding current and wire feeding speed, wherein the bead shape change and metal transfer change interval are presented for the heat input ratio (HIR) change.
Investigation of Joint Quality 980 MPa Grade GA Steel Sheet and 5052 Aluminum Alloy by Electromagnetic Self-Piercing Riveting
Authors: Kim Min-Seok , Park Sung-Jin , Shim Ji-Yeon
Published: July 2023

Generally, an approximately 1% weight reduction in a 200 kg automobile improves the fuel economy by 20~26% and acceleration performance by 8%. Hence, various techniques for automotive lightweighting have been developed to satisfy environmental regulations of the automotive industry. The joining of dissimilar materials is critical for assembling lightweight body structures, but fusion welding is inapplicable owing to the difference in mechanical properties between materials. Thus, the development of an appropriate dissimilar material-joining process is required to produce high-quality joints. Self-piercing riveting is a representative joining process that is applied by pressure punching without prehole piercing. Operationally, this process is widely used for joining because it can produce joints with high shear strengths. However, the development of lighter and higher-strength materials indicates that the required force for SPR machines to form high-quality joints is increasing. Thus, high-speed E-SPR has been developed for joining ultrahigh tensile steels. In this study, SGAFC980/A5052-H34 was applied to the E-SPR process, and the joint characteristics were analyzed via cross-sectional analysis and shear strength tests. With an increase in the fastening speed, the interlock distance and the tensile shear load increased.