bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning–based haptic‐enabled surgical navigation with security awareness
Authors: Tai Yonghang , Wei Lei , Zhou Hailing , Li Qiong , Huang Xiaoqiao , Shi Junsheng , Nahavandi Saeid
Published: October 2018

A novel security awareness surgical navigation system has been proposed for the accurate minimally invasive surgery with machine learning algorithms, haptic‐enabled devices, and customized surgical tools to guide the surgery with real‐time force and visual navigation. To provide a direct and simplified user interface during the operation, we combined traditional surgical guide images with AR‐based view and implemented a 3D reconstructed patient‐specific surgical environment includes with all surgical requisite details. In particular, we trained the surgical collected biomechanics haptic data by employed LSTM‐based RNN algorithm, and residual network for the intraoperative force manipulation prediction and classification, respectively. Experiments evaluation results on percutaneous therapy surgery demonstrated a higher performance and distinguished accuracy by the visual and haptic combined than the traditional navigation system. These preliminary study findings may suggested a new framework in the minimally invasive surgical navigation application and hint at the possibility integration of haptic, AR, and machine learning algorithms implementation in medical simulation. In addition, we take security into account when implementation this new framework.
Promoting employee's proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices
Authors: Saeed Bilal Bin , Afsar Bilal , Hafeez Shakir , Khan Imran , Tahir Muhammad , Afridi Muhammad Asim
Published: October 2018

Success of organizational initiatives for environmental sustainability hinges upon employees' proenvironmental behaviors. One of the contemporary important challenges faced by HR professionals is to ensure proper integration of environmental sustainability into human resource policies. The green human resource management (green HRM) has emerged from organizations engaging in practices related to protection of environment and maintaining ecological balance. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of green HRM practices (green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management and appraisal, green reward and compensation, and green empowerment) on employee's proenvironmental behavior. Moreover, this study is going to test the mediating effect of proenvironmental psychological capital and the moderating effect of environmental knowledge on green HRM practices–proenvironmental behavior. Data from 347 employees working in coal generating, power industry, food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries were collected. Results revealed that green HRM practices positively affected employee's proenvironmental behavior, and proenvironmental psychological capital mediated this link. Employee's environmental knowledge moderated the effect of green HRM practices on proenvironmental behavior.
s‐Tetrazines as a New Electrode‐Active Material for Secondary Batteries
Authors: Min Dong Joo , Miomandre Fabien , Audebert Pierre , Kwon Ji Eon , Park Soo Young
Published: October 2018

Because of the limitations of conventional metal‐oxide‐based electrodes, studies on organic redox‐active materials as alternative electrodes for secondary batteries are emerging. However, reported organic electrode materials are still limited to a few kinds of organic redox groups. Therefore, the development of new redox‐active groups for high‐performance electrode materials is indispensable. Here, we evaluate s‐tetrazine derivatives as a new electrode material in Li‐ion batteries and study their charge/discharge mechanisms by ex situ XPS measurements. The porous carbon CMK‐3 was introduced to encapsulate the s‐tetrazines, which allowed 100 % utilization of the theoretical capacity and stable cycle performance of the s‐tetrazines by preventing dissolution of the molecules into the electrolytes. This new class of redox‐active group can pave the way for the next‐generation of energy storage systems.
Dyslipidaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes—when to treat?
Authors: Lan Nick S.R. , Fegan P. Gerry , Yeap Bu B. , Bell Damon A. , Watts Gerald F.
Published: October 2018

Dyslipidaemia is an important modifiable risk factor contributing to the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in diabetes. However, determining when to initiate statin therapy in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can often be challenging. This is due to a relative paucity of data in this area to guide management and for developing T1DM‐specific risk engines. Current recommendations from international guidelines offer differing approaches to cardiovascular risk stratification and management of dyslipidaemia in T1DM. We present a clinical vignette and comment on the use of nontraditional methods of cardiovascular risk stratification. The strategy for managing dyslipidaemia in young T1DM should be individualized, and recommendations from guidelines should serve to inform clinical judgement.
A strategy for optimizing catchment management actions to stressor–response relationships in freshwaters
Authors: McDowell R. W. , Schallenberg M. , Larned S.
Published: October 2018

A myriad of management actions can be applied to reduce anthropogenic pressures on aquatic environments. Appropriate management actions, whether they be mitigations of contaminant transfer to receiving environments or interventions within the receiving environments to alter resilience to a contaminant, are those which are acceptable to stakeholders and cost‐effective and which operate over desired time frames. The stressor–response relationship describes the change in ecological, social, or economic value of a receiving environment when impacted by a specific contaminant. Defining a receiving environment × value × contaminant system and determining a specific stressor–response relationship for that system provide valuable decision support strategy to optimize management actions toward a water quality objective. Here, we outline a potential method for using stressor–response relationships to help identify the most appropriate management actions for aquatic ecosystems. We use the example of a eutrophic lake to show how the method can be applied to any receiving environment × value × contaminant system.
Treating oxidative stress in heart failure: past, present and future
Authors: van der Pol Atze , van Gilst Wiek H. , Voors Adriaan A. , van der Meer Peter
Published: October 2018

Advances in cardiovascular research have identified oxidative stress as an important pathophysiological pathway in the development and progression of heart failure. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defence system. Under physiological conditions, small quantities of ROS are produced intracellularly, which function in cell signalling, and can be readily reduced by the antioxidant defence system. However, under pathophysiological conditions, the production of ROS exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defence system, resulting in cell damage and death. Over the last decades several studies have tried to target oxidative stress with the aim to improve outcome in patients with heart failure, with very limited success. The reasons as to why these studies failed to demonstrate any beneficial effects remain unclear. However, one plausible explanation might be that currently employed strategies, which target oxidative stress by exogenous inhibition of ROS production or supplementation of exogenous antioxidants, are not effective enough, while bolstering the endogenous antioxidant capacity might be a far more potent avenue for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we provide an overview of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of heart failure and the strategies utilized to date to target this pathway. We provide novel insights into modulation of endogenous antioxidants, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to improve outcome in patients with heart failure.
Heart failure in the outpatient versus inpatient setting: findings from the BIOSTAT‐CHF study
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Metra Marco , Mordi Ify , Gregson John , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Tromp Jasper , Anker Stefan D. , Dickstein Kenneth , Hillege Hans L. , Ng Leong L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Lang Chim C. , Voors Adriaan A. , Zannad Faiez
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) require additive therapies and have a poor prognosis. However, patient characteristics and clinical outcome between HF patients treated in the outpatient setting vs. those who are hospitalized remain scarce.

Methods and results

The BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) included 2516 patients with symptoms and/or signs of HF: 1694 as inpatients and 822 as outpatients. Compared to ambulatory HF patients, inpatients had higher heart rate, urea, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, lower blood pressure, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, sodium, potassium, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, had more often peripheral oedema, diabetes, anaemia, and were less often treated with beta‐blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). Outpatients had a more frequent history of HF hospitalization and received more frequently beta‐blockers and/or ACEi/angiotensin receptor blockers up‐titrated to target doses (P < 0.001). Inpatients had higher rates of the primary outcome of death or HF hospitalization: incidence rate per 100 person‐years of 33.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 31.1–35.9] for inpatients vs. 18.5 (95% CI 16.4–21.0) for outpatients; adjusted hazard ratio 1.24 (95% CI 1.07–1.43). Subdividing patients into low, intermediate and high‐risk categories, the primary outcome event rates were 14.3 (95% CI 12.3–16.7), 36.6 (95% CI 32.2–41.5), and 71.3 (95% CI 64.4–79.0) for inpatients vs. 8.4 (95% CI 6.6–10.6), 29.8 (95% CI 24.5–36.2), and 43.3 (95% CI 34.7–54.0) for outpatients, respectively. These findings were externally replicated.

Conclusions

Marked differences were observed between inpatients and outpatients with HF. Overall, inpatients were sicker and had higher event rates. However, a substantial proportion of outpatients had similar or higher event rates compared to inpatients. These findings suggest that HF outpatients also have poor prognosis and may be the focus of future trials.
Low Temperature Formation of Ruddlesden–Popper‐Type Layered La2CoO4±δ Perovskite Monitored via In Situ X‐ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Ortatatlı Şeyma , Ternieden Jan , Weidenthaler Claudia
Published: October 2018

In this contribution low temperature formation of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP)‐type layered La2CoO4±δ perovskite was optimized via in situ X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Starting from LaCoO3 a stoichiometric transformation to La2CoO4±δ and CoO can be achieved by controlled reduction with H2. The challenge of this reaction is the use of appropriate amounts of H2 in a defined temperature region. If the amount of H2 is too high, complete reduction of the perovskite occurs. If temperatures are not appropriate, intermediate phases seem to hinder the transformation to La2CoO4±δ or lead to a complete decomposition to simple oxides. Based on in situ XRPD experiments, the temperature window and required amount of H2 for the transformation of LaCoO3 to La2CoO4±δ were determined. Systematic experiments reveal that 650 °C is the optimal temperature for the complete transformation of LaCoO3 into La2CoO4±δ and CoO/Co0. The information was then transferred to realize bulk synthesis of La2CoO4±δ at 650 °C in a tube furnace without extended heat treatments at elevated temperatures.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones and 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles via ICl‐Induced Cyclization
Authors: Yi Wei , Fang Xing‐Xiao , Liu Qing‐Yun , Liu Gong‐Qing
Published: October 2018

A metal‐free method for the construction of oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones and oxindoles was discussed. Using iodine monochloride (ICl) as both the reaction promoter and iodide source, the iodolactonization of N‐Boc acrylamides proceeded readily and provided the corresponding iodo oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones and oxazolidin‐2‐ones in good isolated yields. The obtained oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones can be used as key intermediates in the synthesis of toloxatone. When N‐alkyl‐N‐arylacrylamide derivatives were subjected to the same reaction, iodocarbocyclization products 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles were obtained. The obtained oxindoles can be used as key intermediates in the synthesis of the alkaloids (±)‐esermethole and (±)‐physostigmine.
Joining Chromophores: a Porphyrin‐BPI Fused System
Authors: Pomarico Giuseppe , Mandoj Federica , Lvova Larisa , Lippolis Vito , Fronczek Frank R. , Smith Kevin M. , Di Natale Corrado , Paolesse Roberto
Published: October 2018

A diminoisoindoline‐tetraphenylporphyrin (as Zn complex) unit has been used as building block for the preparation of a tetraphenylporphyrin‐1,3‐bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindoline conjugate (3). The chelating system of this molecule possesses two different binding centers. The optimization of the synthetic procedure allowed to obtain the ZnTPP‐BPI moiety in very good yields, the structure of which was identified by means of UV/Vis, NMR, mass and X‐ray methods. The Zn‐porphyrin complex was then subject to Zn ion removal from the porphyrin core, allowing the isolation of the corresponding free base derivative. The optical features of the compound are very interesting, as expected from the fusion of two chromophores active in the UV and visible regions of the optical spectrum; this has also been confirmed by testing ZnTPP‐BPI (3) as chemosensor for metal cations detection.
A Novel Label Free Electrochemical Magnetoimmunosensor for Human Interleukin‐6 Quantification in Serum
Authors: Tertiş Mihaela , Melinte Gheorghe , Ciui Bianca , Şimon Ioan , Ştiufiuc Rareş , Săndulescu Robert , Cristea Cecilia
Published: October 2018

A novel magnetoimmunosensor, designed for sensitive and selective quantification of interleukin 6, is herein reported. The experimental design involves the covalent immobilization of anti‐interleukin 6 antibody through an amidic bond formed with the carboxyl functionalities provided at the surface of protein G‐functionalized magnetic microparticles, assuring a sandwich‐type immunoassay with electrochemical label free detection. All the experimental parameters involved in the elaboration and testing protocol were optimized. A linear calibration plot between the charge transfer resistance and the logarithmic concentration of interleukin‐6 was achieved in the 1 pg mL−1 to 1 μg mL−1 range. A limit of quantification of 1 pg mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.3 pg mL−1 were obtained. The optimized magnetoimmunosensor showed an excellent selectivity against some potentially interfering proteins and has been successfully applied for the determination of target protein in human serum, proving its clinical relevance.
A Model for Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessment in Liver Disease (GRAIL) in the Presence of Renal Dysfunction[Link]
Authors: Asrani Sumeet K. , Jennings Linda W. , Trotter James F. , Levitsky Josh , Nadim Mitra K. , Kim W.R. , Gonzalez Stevan A. , Fischbach Bernard , Bahirwani Ranjeeta , Emmett Michael , Klintmalm Goran
Published: October 2018

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with liver disease is suboptimal in the presence of renal dysfunction. We developed a model for GFR assessment in liver disease (GRAIL) before and after liver transplantation (LT). GRAIL was derived using objective variables (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, age, gender, race, and albumin) to estimate GFR based on timing of measurement relative to LT and degree of renal dysfunction (www.bswh.md/grail). The measured GFR (mGFR) by iothalamate clearance (n = 12,122, 1985‐2015) at protocol time points before/after LT was used as reference. GRAIL was compared with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD‐4, MDRD‐6) equations for mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Prediction of development of chronic kidney disease (mGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, initiation of chronic dialysis) and listing or receipt of kidney transplantation within 5 years was examined in internal cohort (n = 785) and external validation (n = 68,217, 2001‐2015). GRAIL had less bias and was more accurate and precise as compared with CKD‐EPI, MDRD‐4, and MDRD‐6 at time points before/after LT for low GFR. For mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, the median difference (eGFR–mGFR) was GRAIL: 5.24 (9.65) mL/min/1.73 m2 as compared with CKD‐EPI: 8.70 (18.24) mL/min/1.73 m2, MDRD‐4: 8.82 (17.38) mL/min/1.73 m2, and MDRD‐6: 6.53 (14.42) mL/min/1.73 m2. Before LT, GRAIL correctly classified 75% as having mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus 36.1% (CKD‐EPI), 36.1% (MDRD‐4), and 52.8% (MDRD‐6) (P < 0.01). An eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 by GRAIL predicted development of CKD (26.9% versus 4.6% CKD‐EPI, 5.9% MDRD‐4, and 10.5% MDRD‐6) in center data and needing kidney after LT (48.3% versus 22.0% CKD‐EPI versus 23.1% MDRD‐4 versus 48.3% MDRD‐6, P < 0.01) in national data within 5 years after LT. Conclusion: GRAIL may serve as an alternative model to estimate GFR among patients with liver disease before and after LT at low GFR.
Spatio‐temporal variability in contributions to low flows in the high Alpine Poschiavino catchment
Authors: Floriancic Marius G. , van Meerveld Ilja , Smoorenburg Maarten , Margreth Michael , Naef Felix , Kirchner James W. , Molnar Peter
Published: October 2018

In order to predict streamflow accurately during extended dry periods, we need to understand the spatial variability of low flows and the extent to which it is affected by the spatial organization and drainage of catchment subsurface storage areas. This is especially true in Alpine catchments with widely varying topography, lithology, sediment deposits, and soil properties. Field measurements in the Poschiavino catchment in southern Switzerland, during a winter recession period without recharge, provided a unique opportunity to demonstrate the connections between subsurface storage areas, low flows, and their variability. We measured discharge in four nested sub‐catchments during seven field campaigns in the winter of 2013–2014. We analysed stream water electrical conductivity (EC) and water chemistry to identify the areas contributing to low‐flow discharge and estimated their contributions. Sediment cover type and thickness were mapped using a recently developed tool for geomorphology‐based storage classification of mountainous terrain, to determine the physical properties of the subsurface storage areas contributing to low‐flow discharge. Recession analyses combined with water chemistry data allowed the detection of different drainage timescales and the estimation of storage potential of the unconsolidated (Quaternary) deposits. We found substantial spatial variation in storage depletion between the sub‐catchments, ranging from 54 mm to 200 mm for the four‐month monitoring period. Variability in low‐flow contributions from different catchments and different recession behavior could be related to the differences in the estimated storage potential. For some point sources, we could quantify the contributing area and thus quantify low flows at the hillslope scale. Overall, the low‐flow variability is mostly related to the fraction of precipitation that recharges subsurface storage areas and to the properties influencing their drainage. To capture these processes, we suggest low‐flow geomorphological mapping approaches that consider not only morphometric (shape of the landscape) and geologic (properties of the bedrock) controls but also the water storage potential of debris cover and weathered rock.
The role of bodies in infants' categorical representations of humans and non‐human animals
Authors: Axelsson Emma L. , Moore Derek G. , Murphy Elizabeth M. , Goodwin Julia E. , Clifford Brian R.
Published: October 2018

To investigate whether bodies are useful cues in infants' category formations, 7‐month‐old infants were familiarized to images of humans or non‐human animals followed by test pairs comprising a familiar category image and a hybrid image with a novel category body. Infants familiarized to humans did not demonstrate a novelty preference for hybrid stimuli with non‐human animal bodies. Infants familiarized with non‐human animals demonstrated a novelty preference for hybrid stimuli with human bodies, suggesting that there is an asymmetry in infants' category formations of bodies. Compared with infants familiarized to non‐human animals, the infants familiarized to humans had a higher proportional fixation count to bodies during familiarization, but the lack of preference for novel category bodies at test suggests that 7‐month‐old infants' representations of the features of human bodies are likely still developing and they are more likely to form a summary‐based categorical representation of non‐human animals.

Highlights

This study tackles the question as to whether bodies are relevant cues for infants' category formations of humans and non‐human animals.

Infants were familiarized with a series of humans or non‐human animals and were subsequently presented with test pairs, one of which contained a novel category body. Only 7‐month‐olds presented with animal images preferred novel category human bodies. Infants in both conditions had a higher proportional fixation count to bodies within the figures, yet infants familiarized with humans failed to demonstrate a preference for novel category bodies.

Differing levels of familiarity with the categories could explain the asymmetry in infants' categorization of bodies of humans and animals. Infants' body representations are likely still developing at 7 months of age and after familiarization with human images, non‐human animal bodies do not appear sufficiently different for this age group.
An investigation of the effects of income inequality on financial fragility: Evidence from Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries
Authors: Amountzias Chrysovalantis
Published: October 2018

The main scope of the paper is to investigate the proposition that rising income inequality results in systemic financial instability in developed countries. In particular, 33 OECD (Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development) countries are studied in a panel Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework analysis over 1995–2015. There is a growing literature on the effects of income inequality on financial crises. This study provides significant evidence in favour of a positive relationship between income inequality and financial fragility, when particular factors are controlled for. Complementary findings also suggest that (a) debt accumulation in the private sector significantly depends on credit expansion, (b) the debt levels of the private sector and households co‐move over time, and (c) financial deregulation significantly contributes to financial instability. Therefore, policymakers should take into account regulatory reforms that will promote institutional and financial innovations to restrict debt accumulation and render the financial system more robust to destabilising shocks.
Financial development, sectoral effects, and international trade in Africa: An application of pooled mean group (PMG) estimation approach
Authors: Sare Yakubu Awudu , Aboagye Anthony Q.Q. , Mensah Lord
Published: October 2018

Existing studies on financial development–international trade nexus have centred on the implications of finance for trade without investigating the transmission channels of finance on trade. More importantly, how financial sector development mediates the relationship between sectoral value additions and trade remains an unexplored area. This study addresses these gaps in the literature relying on panel data from 46 countries in Africa spanning 1980–2016. Our evidence based on the pooled mean group estimations suggest that, for both the long and short run, although the impact of sectoral value additions is contingent on the proxy of trade, financial sector development does not have a significant effect on international trade. This holds irrespective of the measure of finance and international trade. However, after controlling for the transmission channels, a coexistence of a negative long run substitutionarity between finance and trade is found, and this is invariant of the indicator of finance and trade. On the mediation role, we find that higher sectoral value additions dampen the deleterious effect of finance on trade with huge impact emanating from the service sector. We discuss some key implications for policy.
Pairs trading across Mainland China and Hong Kong stock markets
Authors: Zhang Hanxiong , Urquhart Andrew
Published: October 2018

Motivated by the rationale that market inefficiency arises from a combination of less than fully rational demand and limits to arbitrage, this paper investigates the profitability of pairs trading across Mainland China and Hong Kong on highly liquid large‐cap and midcap stocks from January 1996 to July 2017. We have three main findings. First, we find that pairs trading constrained within each market generates no significant abnormal returns. However, if investors can trade across Mainland China and Hong Kong, pairs trading is profitable after adjusting for risk and transaction costs, where the annualized abnormal return is 9% over the full sample. Second, by using a rolling‐window regression, we find that the profitability of the strategy is time‐varying. The bootstrap simulations suggest that the decline in profitability of the strategy since 2012 is due to random chance rather than poor ability of identifying mispriced stocks. However, the vast majority of profitable periods reflect the strategy's ability to choose profitable stocks rather than random chance. Third, the profitability of the strategy is somewhat sensitive to market conditions, most notably, the strategy is more profitable during longer term market turbulence. Overall, our empirical findings are consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis in that the integration of financial markets and market conditions determine the level of market efficiency.
On the time‐varying links between oil and gold: New insights from the rolling and recursive rolling approaches
Authors: Balcilar Mehmet , Ozdemir Zeynel Abidin , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: October 2018

This study analyses the dynamic linkages between oil and gold prices for the spot and 1‐ to 12‐month futures markets using monthly data over the period 1983–2016. To do this, we use the rolling and recursive rolling Granger causality approaches. The distinguishing feature of this study from the previous studies is that this is the first study investigating the causal links between oil and gold using time‐varying causality tests. The findings show that the causality links between oil and gold display strong time variation. Although causal links are not detected for most of the study period, strong bidirectional or unidirectional causality is found in several subsamples. The duration of the periods with causality links varies from a few months to 3 years, whereas the duration for the noncausality periods might be 15 years long. By date stamping the causality links between oil and gold, our paper discovers that causality from oil to gold is related to large oil price changes, whereas causality from gold to oil is related to large financial crises. The evidence obtained in the paper points out the dangers of assuming a constant causality link between oil and gold markets because these links might break down unexpectedly. Our findings point out to the dangers of assuming noncausality between oil and gold particularly in hedging oil price risk using gold.
ON BEING MOTHER AND PATIENT: DIALECTICAL STRUGGLES DURING MEDICALLY HIGH‐RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Mccoyd Judith L.M. , Munch Shari , Curran Laura
Published: October 2018

Medically high‐risk pregnancy (MHRP) affects 3 to 10% (diagnosis‐dependent) of pregnant women in the United States (National Institute of Child Health Development, 2015), threatening maternal and fetal well‐being. Although mothers’ prenatal distress and mother–infant attachment after birth have been quantitatively researched, little research has examined women's lived experiences of MHRP in the United States. We examined 16 women's experiences of MHRP during hospitalization at an urban, Northeastern U.S. hospital using an interpretive phenomenological approach. Our qualitative findings provide new understanding of how women expend tremendous energy simultaneously navigating new roles of mother and patient. While negotiating these roles, they experienced dialectical struggles and uncertainty relating to emotion management, locus of control, appraisals of self/others, and relational self. Women managed these conflicts within the contexts of their emerging maternal identity, patient–provider relationships, and social relationships. Women struggled as they managed emotion, determined their level of responsibility for fetal outcomes, appraised others and themselves, and worried about how they were perceived. This amplified distress and contributed to women's emotional exhaustion, sense of being overwhelmed, and stress burden. New explication of these energy‐depleting dynamic processes underlying women's experiences of MHRP and their impact on the future mother–infant relationship is considered, and strategies for psychosocial support are identified.
The effect of larger than cell diameter polylactic acid surface patterns on osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Alksne Milda , Simoliunas Egidijus , Kalvaityte Migle , Skliutas Edvinas , Rinkunaite Ieva , Gendviliene Ieva , Baltriukiene Daiva , Rutkunas Vygandas , Bukelskiene Virginija
Published: October 2018

Topography of the scaffold is one of the most important factors defining the quality of artificial bone. However, the production of precise micro‐ and nano‐structured scaffolds, which is known to enhance osteogenic differentiation, is expensive and time‐consuming. Meanwhile, little is known about macro‐patterns (larger than cell diameter) effect on cell fate, while this kind of structures would significantly facilitate the manufacturing of artificial skeleton. Therefore, this research is focused on polylactic acid scaffold's macro‐pattern impact on rat's dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. For this study, two types of scaffolds were 3D printed: wavy and porous. Wavy scaffolds consisted of 188 μm wide joined threads, meaning that cells might have been curved on the filament as well as compressed in the groove. Porous scaffolds were designed to avoid groove formation and consisted of 500 μm threads, arranged in the woodpile manner, forming 300 μm diameter pores. We found that both macro‐surfaces influenced DPSC morphology compared to control. As a consequence, enhanced DPSC proliferation and increased osteogenic differentiation potential was registered in cells grown on these scaffolds. Finally, our results showed that the construction of an artificial bone did not necessarily require the precise structuring of the scaffold, because both types of macro‐topographic PLA scaffolds were sufficient enough to induce spontaneous DPSC osteogenic differentiation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 174–186, 2019.
miR‐26a modulates HGF and STAT3 effects on the kidney repair process in a glycerol‐induced AKI model in rats
Authors: Gattai Pedro Paulo , Maquigussa Edgar , da Silva Novaes Antonio , da Silva Ribeiro Rosemara , Varela Vanessa Araújo , Ormanji Milene Subtil , Boim Mirian Aparecida
Published: October 2018

Acute kidney injury is mostly reversible, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has a relevant role in the tissue repair. MicroRNA (miR)‐26a is an endogenous modulator of HGF. The role of miR‐26a in the kidney repair process was evaluated in Wistar rats submitted to an acute kidney injury model of rhabdomyolysis induced by glycerol (6 mL/kg). Animals were evaluated 3, 12, 48, 96, and 120 hours after glycerol injection. Serum creatinine (SCr) and gene expression of HGF, c‐met, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and miR‐26a were estimated. Also, tubular NK52E cells were transfected with anti‐miR26a and stimulated with Fe3+ for 24 hours to mimic the effects of myoglobin in vitro. SCr was highest after 48 hours. After 96 hours, SCr started to decrease, characterizing the recovery phase, with normalization after 120 hours. HGF expression increased during the onset phase (3 hours), with a low relationship with miR‐26a. In contrast, in the recovery phase, the increase in miR‐26a was coincident with HGF messenger RNA suppression, suggesting that in the recovery phase, miR‐26a may have a role in HGF modulation. Fe3+ induced cellular death after 3 hours and proliferation after 24 hours. There was no correlation between miR‐26a and STAT3 during the death phase; however, during the proliferation phase, an increase in STAT3 was paralleled with a decrease in miR‐26a. miR‐26a silencing induced increases in cell viability and the phosphorylated form of STAT3 protein expression in cells receiving Fe3+. In conclusion, miR‐26a may have a key role in modulating HGF levels after its proliferative effects have been triggered.
Chemistry of Phosphorus Ylides: Part 46—Efficient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Selenium Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Abd‐El‐Maksoud Mansoura A. , Khatab Tamer K. , Maigali Soher S. , Soliman Fouad M. , Hamed Ahmed A.
Published: October 2018

1,5‐Dimethyl‐3‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde was allowed to react with different phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium reagents. The reaction products depend on the nature of the reagent and the condition of the reaction used. Treatment of the carbaldehyde with the active phosphacumulene ylides afforded the phosphoranylidene pyranopyrazoles. On the other hand, its reaction with the stable phosphonium ylides gave the oxaphosphetanes. Sulfidodithiaphosphetane pyrazole was generated from the reaction of Japanese reagent with the carbaldehyde. Selenido‐oxaselenaphosphetane and dioxaphospholane pyrazoles were obtained from the reaction of the carbaldehyde with Woolin's reagent and phosphorus triamide, respectively. The antimicrobial screening of the synthesized compounds was also evaluated.
AP‐1 and the injury response of theGFAPgene
Authors: Brenner Michael , Messing Albee , Olsen Michelle L.
Published: October 2018

IncreasedGFAPgene expression is a common feature of CNS injury, resulting in its use as a reporter to investigate mechanisms producing gliosis. AP‐1 transcription factors are among those proposed to participate in mediating the reactive response. Prior studies found a consensus AP‐1 binding site in theGFAPpromoter to be essential for activity of reporter constructs transfected into cultured cells, but to have little to no effect on basal transgene expression in mice. Since cultured astrocytes display some properties of reactive astrocytes, these findings suggested that AP‐1 transcription factors are critical for the upregulation ofGFAPin injury, but not for its resting level of expression. We have examined this possibility by comparing the injury response in mice oflacZtransgenes driven by humanGFAPpromoters that contain the wild‐type AP‐1 binding site to those in which the site is mutated. An intact AP‐1 site was found critical for aGFAPpromoter response to the three different injury models used: physical trauma produced by cryoinjury, seizures produced by kainic acid, and chronic gliosis produced in an Alexander disease model. An unexpected additional finding was that the responses of thelacZtransgenes driven by the wild‐type promoters were substantially less than that of the endogenous mouseGFAPgene. This suggests that theGFAPgene has previously unrecognized injury‐responsive elements that reside further upstream of the transcription start site than the 2.2 kb present in theGFAPpromoter segments used here.
VEGF with AMD3100 endogenously mobilizes mesenchymal stem cells and improves fracture healing
Authors: Meeson Richard , Sanghani‐Keri Anita , Coathup Melanie , Blunn Gordon
Published: October 2018

A significant number of fractures develop non‐union. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy may be beneficial, however, this requires cell acquisition, culture and delivery. Endogenous mobilization of stem cells offers a non‐invasive alternative. The hypothesis was administration of VEGF and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 would increase the circulating pool of available MSCs and improve fracture healing. Ex‐breeder female wistar rats received VEGF followed by AMD3100, or sham PBS. Blood prepared for culture and colonies were counted. P3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, bi‐differentiation. The effect of mobilization on fracture healing was evaluated with 1.5 mm femoral osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator in 12–14 week old female Wistars. The mobilized group had significantly greater number of cfus/ml compared to controls, p = 0.029. The isolated cells expressed 1.8% CD34, 35% CD45, 61% CD29, 78% CD90, and differentiated into osteoblasts but not into adipocytes. The fracture gap in animals treated with VEGF and AMD3100 showed increased bone volume; 5.22 ± 1.7 µm3 and trabecular thickness 0.05 ± 0.01 µm compared with control animals (4.3 ± 3.1 µm3, 0.04 ± 0.01 µm, respectively). Radiographic scores quantifying fracture healing (RUST) showed that the animals in the mobilization group had a higher healing score compared to controls (9.6 vs. 7.7). Histologically, mobilization resulted in significantly lower group variability in bone formation (p = 0.032) and greater amounts of bone and less fibrous tissue than the control group. Clinical significance: This pre‐clinical study demonstrates a beneficial effect of endogenous MSC mobilization on fracture healing, which may have translation potential to prevent or treat clinical fractures at risk of delayed or non‐union fractures. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1294–1302, 2019.
American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Guidelines for the Selection and Care of Central Venous Access Devices for Adult Home Parenteral Nutrition Administration
Authors: Kovacevich Debra S. , Corrigan Mandy , Ross Vicki M. , McKeever Liam , Hall Amber M. , Braunschweig Carol
Published: October 2018

This document represents the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) clinical guidelines to describe best practices in the selection and care of central venous access devices (CVADs) for the infusion of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) admixtures in adult patients. The guidelines targeted adults >18 years of age in which the intervention or exposure had to include HPN that was administered via a CVAD. Case studies, non‐English studies, or studies of CVAD no longer available in the United States were excluded. In total, 564 abstract citations, 350 from Medline and 214 from PubMed/non‐MEDLINE databases, were scanned for relevance. Of the 564 citations, 13 studies addressed at least 1 of the 6 guideline‐related questions, and none of the studies were prospective and randomized. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used to adjust the evidence grade based on assessment of the quality of study design and execution. Recommendations for the CVAD type, composition, or number of lumens to minimize infectious or mechanical complications are based on a limited number of studies and expert opinion of the authors, all very experienced in home infusion therapy. No studies were found that compared best solutions for routine flushing of lumens (eg, heparin versus saline) or for maintaining catheters in situ while treating CVAD mechanical or infectious complications. It is clear that studies to answer these questions are very limited, and further research is needed. These clinical guidelines were approved by the ASPEN Board of Directors.
Identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Omar Jone , Slowikowski Boleslaw , Guillou Claude , Reniero Fabiano , Holland Margaret , Boix Ana
Published: October 2018

There is an increasing need of developing methods for fast recognition and identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS). The chemical identification of these new substances produced with the intention of mimicking the effects of controlled drugs is a challenge for forensic and Customs laboratories. In this study, we aim to test the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the identification and classification of seized Customs samples into three NPS families. The performance of two excitation wavelength lasers (785 and 1064 nm) in a benchtop Raman instrument was compared in a set of seized samples that included cathinone, fentanyl, and synthetic cannabinoid derivatives or analogues. The 1064 nm wavelength laser had significant advantages for identifying NPS samples overcoming the intense fluorescence induced when using 785 nm lasers in some substances. Principal component analysis was employed to create a model that successfully discriminates the three NPS families. In order to provide Customs officers with a fast and nondestructive in‐field testing method, the same approach used with the benchtop Raman spectrometer was applied using three handheld Raman instruments. The developed identification and classification model allows the discrimination of fentanyl, cathinone, and synthetic cannabinoid analogues or derivatives providing an efficient tool for the rapid identification of three NPS families. The approach presented in this study can facilitate rapid decision‐making that could be of high relevance especially in the frame of the fentanyl crisis.
Structural characterization and biological fate of lactoferrin‐loaded liposomes during simulated infant digestion
Authors: Tian Mengmeng , Han Jianzhong , Ye Aiqian , Liu Weilin , Xu Xiankang , Yao Yixin , Li Kexuan , Kong Youyu , Wei Fuqiang , Zhou Wei
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Limited information is concerned on the structure changes of liposomal delivery system under infant conditions. Positively charged lactoferrin (LF)‐loaded liposomes, with the entrapment efficiency (EE) of 52.3 ± 6.3%, were prepared from soybean‐derived phospholipids using a thin‐layer dispersion method. The structure changes and digestibility of LF‐loaded liposomes under infant conditions, including simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated small intestinal fluid (SIF), were characterized in terms of the average particle size, zeta potential, turbidity, fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, lipolysis and protein hydrolysis.

RESULTS

This study showed that the functional groups, favorable membrane structure and the EE of liposomes were slightly changed as a function of time when the liposome digested under SGF conditions. However, the intact bilayer structures were damaged and the EE of LF‐loaded liposomes decreased to 28.5% after digestion in infant SIF.

CONCLUSION

These results suggested that liposomal membrane could prevent the gastric degradation and the structure of liposomes was not completely destroyed with a low concentration of pancreatin and bile salts under infant conditions. Present study provided information on the insight into the characteristics of liposomes during infant gastrointestinal digestion, which was useful for the development of microcapsule systems in infant diet. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative evaluation method of visual display resolution based on human visual perception
Authors: Choi Kyuha , Min Byungseok
Published: October 2018

As a manner of evaluating visual display resolution, contrast modulation has been widely used for decades. But, as various types of sub‐pixel layout are adopted for flat panel displays, the contrast modulation metric shows a limitation that it is not consistent with human visual perception on those displays. To overcome this limitation, a new quantitative metric is proposed in this paper by introducing structure comparison and combining it with contrast modulation. Experimental results performed on TV displays with various sub‐pixel structures demonstrate that the proposed metric has higher correlation with perceived visual resolution than the conventional metric.
Facilitators and Barriers to Seeking Mental Health Care Among Primary Care Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Possemato Kyle , Wray Laura O. , Johnson Emily , Webster Brad , Beehler Gregory P.
Published: October 2018

Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in primary care patients, many do not seek mental health treatment. Existing research on barriers and facilitators to receiving PTSD treatment are not specific to primary care patients. In this study, we sought to understand the psychosocial concerns, treatment barriers, and treatment facilitators among non‐treatment‐seeking primary care veterans with PTSD who reside in both rural and urban settings. Using a concurrent triangulation design, we collected qualitative focus group and quantitative self‐report data concurrently, analyzed them separately, and merged the results for interpretation. In total, 27 veteran primary care patients with PTSD participated in 1 of 4 focus groups. A modified conventional content analysis approach was used. Team‐based coding began with three broad primary codes (psychosocial concerns, barriers, and facilitators) and subcodes were allowed to emerge from the data. Self‐report measures were used to collect clinical characteristics and barriers to care. The results expanded upon existing models of PTSD treatment initiation by (a) specifying treatment preferences, such as patient‐centered care, peer support services, and open access scheduling, and (b) presenting concerns, such as anger and core symptoms of PTSD. Results also indicated that a commonly used quantitative barriers measure may offer an incomplete picture of why veterans do not seek treatment as it does not assess how past negative treatment experiences may affect utilization. Strategies to help veterans overcome barriers to care may benefit from a focus on negative treatment‐seeking beliefs and tailoring based on a veteran's rural or urban status.
Longitudinal Development of Primary and Secondary Posttraumatic Growth in Aging Veterans and Their Wives: Domain‐Specific Trajectories
Authors: Bachem Rahel , Mitreuter Saskia , Levin Yafit , Stein Jacob Y. , Xiao Zhou , Solomon Zahava
Published: October 2018

Posttraumatic growth (PTG), the positive psychological transformations that follow traumatic events, affects both direct survivors (primary PTG) and their significant others (secondary PTG). Though primary and secondary PTG have been widely investigated in the literature, their long‐term trajectories decades after a traumatic event, especially as survivors enter older age, remain largely uninvestigated. Furthermore, it remains contested whether PTG adds up to a monolithic construct or rather consists of relatively independent components. Addressing these issues, we assessed a sample of Israeli male veterans from the 1973 Yom Kippur war (N = 349) and their wives (N = 156) at three time points over the course of nearly three decades. Both the veterans (primary survivors) and their wives (secondary survivors) reported PTG relating to the veterans' experiences during the war and/or captivity. Latent growth mixture modeling was conducted to identify trajectories of PTG on the five subscales of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Long‐term trajectories of PTG followed heterogeneous patterns of fluctuation over time and particularly as participants entered older age. On most subscales, decreasing PTG scores were evident, a trend that was more pronounced among the primary survivors than the secondary survivors as primary and secondary PTG fluctuate considerably in the long‐term and seem to decrease as individuals enter older age. Furthermore, it would seem that PTG should not be considered a holistic concept but rather a conglomeration of positive changes. Implications of the findings are discussed within the context of limitations and potential intervening factors.