bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic study of the genus Promalactis Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) from Hainan Province, China
Authors: DU ZHAOHUI , LI HOUHUN , WANG SHUXIA
Published: March 2019

Fifteen species of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 are recorded from Hainan Province, China, including ten new species: P. rostriformis sp. nov., P. fascispinata sp. nov., P. apicisetifera sp. nov., P. hainanensis sp. nov., P. tauricornis sp. nov., P. clavata sp. nov., P. lunularis sp. nov., P. carinata sp. nov., P. serrata sp. nov. and P. uncignatha sp. nov. The previously unknown female of P. multimaculella Lvovsky, 2000 is described. Images of adults and genitalia are provided.
The alleged Triassic palaeodictyopteran is a member of Titanoptera
Authors: SHCHERBAKOV DMITRY E.
Published: March 2019

A sensational find of Palaeodictyoptera in the Mesozoic was recently reported from the Middle–Late Triassic of Central Asia (Ladinian–Carnian, Madygen Formation). The single, somewhat damaged wing described as Liquia reliquia was compared to nearly all possible groups of Pterygota and concluded to be an aberrant palaeodictyopteran with a concave MA (Béthoux et al. 2010). The venation of Liquia was interpreted correctly, but its taxonomic placement cannot be considered valid. Upon closer examination, the fossil immediately reveals its titanopteran affinities, resulting in the following synonymy: Paratitan Sharov, 1968 = Liquia Bethoux et al., 2010, syn. nov. (Titanoptera Paratitanidae); Paratitan reliquia (Bethoux et al., 2010), comb. nov. So far as known, no palaeodictyopteroids survived into the Mesozoic.
Acamerobia inflatus gen. n. & sp. n. from Australia (Acari: Prostigmata: Raphignathoidea: Camerobiidae) with notes on the idiosomal chaetotaxy
Authors: FAN QING-HAI , WALTER DAVID E.
Published: March 2019

Currently, six genera are known in the family Camerobiidae (Acari: Prostigmata). Herein we propose a new genus, Acamerobia, based on a new species, Acamerobia inflatus, from bark of Jacaranda mimosifolia in Brisbane, Australia, and redefine the family and provide a key to genera. We also give comments on the idiosomal chaetotaxy for the family.
Erratum: BOYER, S., BLAKEMORE, R.J. & WRATTEN, S.D (2011) An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta). Zootaxa, 2994, 21–32.
Authors: BOYER S. , BLAKEMORE R. J. , WRATTEN S. D.
Published: March 2019

(Erratum)
Three new species of Leptohyphidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Central Amazon, Brazil
Authors: BELMONT ENIDE LUCIANA L. , SALLES FREDERICO F. , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: March 2019

Three new species of Leptohyphidae are described based on adults and/or nymphs collected in Manaus (Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke) and Presidente Figueiredo municipality: Tricorythodes faeculopsis sp. nov., Tricorythopsis acara sp. nov. and T. intercalatus sp. nov. With this work, the number of Leptohyphidae in Brazil increases from 35 to 38 species.
New light on the nomenclature, taxonomy, and biology of Hemipholis species (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiactidae)
Authors: HENDLER GORDON
Published: March 2019

Hemipholis cordifera is the correct name for the only known Western Atlantic species of Hemipholis. Hemipholis elongata, a name which has been used in place of H. cordifera, is a nomen dubium that cannot unambiguously be assigned to any known species of brittle star. Evidence is presented that the genus Hemipholis presently comprises only H. cordifera and its geminate Eastern Pacific congener Hemipholis gracilis, and it is shown that the latter name has priority over Hemipholis affinis. Hemipholis gracilis and H. cordifera are illustrated and compared to show how mature individuals can be distinguished. However, small individuals of both species are extremely similar. The latitudinal distributions of H. cordifera and H. gracilis appear to be causally related to coastal water temperature, possibly in conjunction with divergent ocean currents, and the relatively broad range of H. cordifera compared to H. gracilis is attributed to its cold tolerance and to the influence of widespread warm-water boundary currents in the central Western Atlantic. As regards the two other congeners that have been described, Hemipholis wallichii is revealed to be a juvenile ophiuroid incertae sedis, and Hemipholis microdiscus was previously transferred to the Amphiuridae and assigned the nomen novum, Amphiura microdiscoida.
Butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar islands: History of collection and checklist
Authors: MOHANRAJ PRASHANTH , VEENAKUMARI K.
Published: March 2019

The history of butterfly collecting on the islands is detailed, highlighting the contributions of both amateur and professional entomologists. In the light of the recent revival of interest in butterflies in India in general and islands in particular, we present a checklist of the butterflies of these islands. For the first time in many years we take a critical look at the butterflies recorded as occurring on the Andaman and Nicobar islands. We distinguish between species that are known to occur definitely on these islands versus those which are stragglers and those which have been reported on the basis of erroneous identification. We also indicate which species/subspecies are endemics and present an overview of the knowledge of the life histories, larval food plants and natural history that is known of these butterflies. A bibliography of the butterflies of the Andaman and Nicobar islands is included.
Three new species of Loneura (Psocodea:’Psocoptera’:Ptiloneuridae) from Gorgona Island, Cauca, Colombia, with a new infrageneric classification
Authors: ALDRETE ALFONSO N. GARCÍA , OBANDO RANULFO GONZÁLEZ , SARRIA FABIO A. SARRIA
Published: March 2019

Three related species of Loneura Navás, from Gorgona Island (Cauca, Colombia), are here described and illustrated. The types are deposited in the Entomological Museum of the Universidad del Valle (MUSENUV). A set of infrageneric groups within Loneura is proposed based on the structure of the male hypandrium and phallosome. The species of the genus are assigned to the groups recognized in this classification.
New species of Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera) from northeastern Brazil
Authors: LIMA LUCAS R. C. , SALLES FREDERICO F. , PINHEIRO ULISSES DOS S.
Published: March 2019

Two new species of Leptohyphidae are described based on nymphs and adults: Traverhyphes (Traverhyphes) frevo sp. nov. and Tricorythopsis spongicola sp. nov. Traverhyphes (T.) frevo can be distinguished from other species, among other characteristics, by the presence of curved penile spines inserted laterally, and posterolateral projections of styliger plate very short and pointed distally in lateral view. Tricorythopsis spongicola can be distinguished from the others species, mainly by the presence of spine-like lateral projections present on apical part of penes in the male imago, and by the tarsal claws with four to five marginal denticles, and two rows of 2 + 3 submarginal denticles with apical setae in the nymphs.
Taxonomic review of Ablabesmyia Johannsen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Oriental China, with descriptions of six new species
Authors: NIITSUMA HIROMI , TANG HONGQU
Published: March 2019

Six new species of the genus Ablabesmyia are described and illustrated from Oriental China: A. (Ablabesmyia) lyrata sp. n. and A. (Ablabesmyia) pectinata sp. n. each based on the male adult and pupa; and A. (Ablabesmyia) huananensis sp. n., A. (Ablabesmyia) praegracilis sp. n., A. (Ablabesmyia) bifurca sp. n. and A. (Karelia) daiensis sp. n. each based on the male adult. The subgenus Karelia is recorded from China for the first time. In addition, A. (Ablabesmyia) alba Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi and A. (Ablabesmyia) maculitibialis Chaudhuri, Debnath et Nandi are redescribed based on the male adult, and new distribution records are given for A. (Ablabesmyia) prorasha Kobayashi et Kubota, A. (Ablabesmyia) amamisimplex Sasa and A. (Ablabesmyia) jogancornua Sasa et Okazawa.
Stratified Flows over and around Long Dynamically Tall Mountain Ridges
Authors: Jagannathan Arjun , Winters Kraig , Armi Laurence
Published: March 2019

Uniformly stratified flows approaching long and dynamically tall ridges develop two distinct flow components over disparate time scales. The fluid upstream and below a “blocking level” is stagnant in the limit of an infinite ridge and flows around the sides when the ridge extent is finite. The streamwise half-width of the obstacle at the blocking level arises as a natural inner length scale for the flow, while the excursion time over this half-width is an associated short time scale for the streamwise flow evolution. Over a longer time scale, low-level horizontal flow splitting leads to the establishment of an upstream layerwise potential flow beneath the blocking level. We demonstrate through numerical experiments that for sufficiently long ridges, crest control and streamwise asymmetry are seen on both the short and long time scales. On the short time scale, upstream blocking is established quickly and the flow is well described as a purely infinite-ridge overflow. Over the long time scale associated with flow splitting, low-level flow escapes around the sides, but the overflow continues to be hydraulically controlled and streamwise asymmetric in the neighborhood of the crest. We quantify this late-time overflow by estimating its volumetric transport and then briefly demonstrate how this approach can be extended to predict the overflow across nonuniform ridge shapes.
Recent Surface Air Temperature Change over Mainland China Based on an Urbanization-Bias Adjusted Dataset
Authors: Wen Kangmin , Ren Guoyu , Li Jiao , Zhang Aiying , Ren Yuyu , Sun Xiubao , Zhou Yaqing
Published: March 2019

A dataset from 763 national Reference Climate and Basic Meteorological Stations (RCBMS) was used to analyze surface air temperature (SAT) change in mainland China. The monthly historical observational records had been adjusted for urbanization bias existing in the data series of size-varied urban stations, after they were corrected for data inhomogeneities mainly caused by relocation and instrumentation. The standard procedures for creating area-averaged temperature time series and for calculating linear trend were used. Analyses were made for annual and seasonal mean temperature. Annual mean SAT in mainland China as a whole rose by 1.24°C for the last 55 years, with a warming rate of 0.23°C decade−1. This was close to the warming of 1.09°C observed in global mean land SAT over the period 1951–2010. Compared to the SAT before correction, after-corrected data showed that the urbanization bias had caused an overestimate of the annual warming rate of more than 19.6% during 1961–2015. The winter, autumn, spring, and summer mean warming rates were 0.28°, 0.23°, 0.23°, and 0.15°C decade−1, respectively. The spatial patterns of the annual and seasonal mean SAT trends also exhibited an obvious difference from those of the previous analyses. The largest contrast was a weak warming area appearing in central parts of mainland China, which included a small part of southwestern North China, the northwestern Yangtze River, and the eastern part of Southwest China. The annual mean warming trends in Northeast and North China obviously decreased compared to the previous analyses, which caused a relatively more significant cooling in Northeast China after 1998 under the background of global warming slowdown.
First Effort at Constructing a High-Density Photosynthetically Active Radiation Dataset during 1961–2014 in China
Authors: Qin Wenmin , Wang Lunche , Zhang Ming , Niu Zigeng , Luo Ming , Lin Aiwen , Hu Bo
Published: March 2019

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is a key factor for vegetation growth and climate change. Different types of PAR models, including four physically based models and eight artificial intelligence (AI) models, were proposed for predicting daily PAR. Multiyear daily meteorological parameters observed at 29 Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) stations and 2474 Chinese Meteorological Administration (CMA) stations across China were used for testing, validating, and comparing the above models. The optimized back propagation (BP) neural network based on the mind evolutionary algorithm (MEA-BP) was the model with highest accuracy and strongest robustness. The correlation coefficient R, mean absolute bias error (MAE), and RMSE for MEA-BP were 0.986, 0.302 MJ m−2 day−1 and 0.393 MJ m−2 day−1, respectively. Then, a high-density PAR dataset was constructed for the first time using the MEA-BP model at 2474 CMA stations of China. A quality control process and homogenization test (using RHtestsV4) for the PAR dataset were further conducted. This high-density PAR dataset would benefit many climate and ecological studies.
High-throughput quantification of carboxymethyl lysine in serum and plasma using high-resolution accurate mass Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Rankin Naomi J , Burgess Karl , Weidt Stefan , Wannamethee Goya , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul
Published: March 2019

Background

Carboxymethyl lysine is an advanced glycation end product of interest as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular and other diseases. Available methods involve ELISA, with potential interference, or isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), with low-throughput sample preparation.

Methods

A high-throughput sample preparation method based on 96-well plates was developed. Protein-bound carboxymethyl lysine and lysine were quantified by IDMS using reversed phase chromatography coupled to a high-resolution accurate mass Orbitrap Exactive mass spectrometer. The carboxymethyl lysine concentration (normalized to lysine concentration) was measured in 1714 plasma samples from the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS).

Results

For carboxymethyl lysine, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was estimated at 0.16 μM and the assay was linear between 0.25 and 10 μM. For lysine, the LLOQ was estimated at 3.79 mM, and the assay was linear between 2.5 and 100 mM. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 17.2% for carboxymethyl lysine, 9.3% for lysine and 10.5% for normalized carboxymethyl lysine. The inter-assay coefficient of variation was 18.1% for carboxymethyl lysine, 14.8 for lysine and 16.2% for normalized carboxymethyl lysine. The median and inter-quartile range of all study samples in each batch were monitored. A mean carboxymethyl lysine concentration of 2.7 μM (IQR 2.0–3.2 μM, range 0.2–17.4 μM) and a mean normalized carboxymethyl lysine concentration of 69 μM/M lysine (IQR 54–76 μM/M, range 19–453 μM/M) were measured in the BRHS.

Conclusion

This high-throughput sample preparation method makes it possible to analyse large cohorts required to determine the potential of carboxymethyl lysine as a biomarker.
Context and the mechanisms in intersectoral school-based health promotion interventions: A critical interpretative synthesis
Authors: Bergeron Dave A , Talbot Lise R , Gaboury Isabelle
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

School-based health promotion interventions (SHPI) have been introduced extensively over the last decades, but their implementation and evaluation still present challenges. Among these, the complexity of the environments in which SHPI are implemented, and intersectoral collaboration to promote more sustainable change, must be better addressed within evaluation processes.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to (1) identify pertinent scientific literature on the implementation processes for intersectoral SHPI and (2) develop a programme theory that maps potential elements of context and underlying mechanisms that may influence intersectoral SHPI.

Method:

A critical interpretative synthesis was performed of elements of context and underlying situational and transformational mechanisms. These were identified based on the scientific literature published between 1997 and 2017 addressing intersectoral SHPI.

Results:

Six potential elements of context, seven potential situational mechanisms and seven potential transformational mechanisms that can explain SHPI outcomes were identified from 28 articles. The results were integrated into a framework to pinpoint elements that facilitate or impede intersectoral SHPI implementation.

Conclusion:

The results of this synthesis support a more comprehensive approach to evaluating SHPI, and improved consideration of intersectoral collaboration and the complexity associated with this type of intervention.
Challenges for shelters for abused women in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Min-Yu , Yu Mei-Kuei
Published: March 2019

This study explored the challenges faced by shelter workers. A qualitative survey was tape-recorded and featured 19 focus groups comprising 6 representatives of the Department of Protective Services, 43 local government representatives and 84 shelter workers from 26 women’s shelters in Taiwan. The verbatim transcriptions were subsequently analysed. Finally, two themes were identified: resource challenges and regulations governing shelters. Understanding shelter workers’ voices is key to ensuring that the authorities and the public pay attention to the challenges faced by shelters. In addition, future implications were discussed.
Behavior of RC box beam strengthened with basalt FRP using end anchorage with grooving
Authors: Shen Dejian , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Jinyang , Zhou Baizhong , Wang and Wei
Published: March 2019

In recent days, many structures are strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer to make use of the existing reinforced concrete structures to the current needs. Although investigations on the behavior of undamaged fiber-reinforced polymer-strengthened reinforced concrete beams anchored with U-strips have been conducted, study on the behavior of RC box beams strengthened with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer using end anchorage with grooving is still lacking. In the present study, the failure mode, ductility, stiffness, and loading-carrying capacity of an RC box beam strengthened with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer using end anchorage with grooving were experimentally and analytically investigated. Test results and analysis showed that: (1) the average crack spacing, average crack depth, and average crack width of specimen anchored with grooving decreased by 10.3%, 2.8%, and 6.2% when compared with that of specimen anchored with U-strips, respectively; (2) the failure mode of specimen anchored with grooving was basalt fiber-reinforced polymer debonding in pure bending zone; (3) the deflection or curvature ductility of specimen anchored with grooving was 33.9% or 32.7% lower than that of specimen anchored with U-strips; (4) a model based on built-up bars for the load-carrying capacities of BFRP-strengthened beams anchored with grooving was proposed.
The Financial Investigation of Human Trafficking in the UK: Legal and Practical Perspectives
Authors: Middleton Ben , Antonopoulos Georgios A , Papanicolaou Georgios
Published: March 2019

A significant body of law and policy has been directed to organised crime generally, with Human Trafficking remaining high on the political agenda. This article conducts a contextualised study of Human Trafficking in the UK, examining the underpinning legal framework before drawing on the expertise of key professionals in the sector, who have been interviewed for this purpose. It is suggested that it is not so much the legal framework that is the problem, but rather there are a number of practical and policy-related considerations that the government should consider as part of their efforts to combat Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking.
Natural resource wars in the shadow of the future: Explaining spatial dynamics of violence during civil war
Authors: Hinkkainen Elliott Kaisa , Kreutz Joakim
Published: March 2019

Previous studies on natural resources and civil wars find that the presence of natural resources increases both civil conflict risk and duration. At the same time, belligerents often cooperate over resource extraction, suggesting a temporal variation in the contest over this subnational space. This study argues that parties fight over natural resources primarily when they expect that the conflict is about to end, as the importance of controlling them increases in the post-conflict setting. In contrast, belligerents that anticipate a long war have incentives to avoid fighting near natural resources since excessive violence will hurt the extraction, trade, and subsequent taxation that provide conflict actors with income from the resource. We test our argument using yearly and monthly grid-cell-level data on African civil conflicts for the period 1989–2008 and find support for our expected spatial variation. Using whether negotiations are underway as an indicator about warring parties’ expectations on conflict duration, we find that areas with natural resources in general experience less intense fighting than other areas, but during negotiations these very areas witness most of the violence. We further find that the spatial shift in violence occurs immediately when negotiations are opened. A series of difference-in-difference estimations show a visible shift of violence towards areas rich in natural resources in the first three months after parties have initiated talks. Our findings are relevant for scholarship on understanding and predicting the trajectories of micro-level civil conflict violence, and for policymakers seeking to prevent peace processes being derailed.
The Contemplative Influence of Cognition and Recognition on Participation and Celebration of Holy Communion
Authors: Kruger Ferdi P.
Published: March 2019

This article focuses on the importance, and also on the possible value of the concepts of cognition and recognition for reflection on what should actually happen during celebration of Holy Communion. The vantage-point in this approach is that celebration has in its essence that it should be a meaningful experience. The meaningfulness consists of the intriguing fact that participants are participating in Christ’s body and in his blood while celebrating Holy Communion. In celebrating Holy Communion, people are engaging in a ritual that involves interaction with a variety of symbols. The methodological insights of Browning (1996) that described the lapse of a research activity ranging from description, to systemizing (exploring practical wisdom and understanding), to strategizing (practicing strategic practical theology) will be adhered to. The research problem for this research could be formulated in the following manner, namely: “Could the cognizance of the lenses of cognition and recognition of the deeper message of Holy Communion enrich the conscious appropriation of salvation while celebrating the sacrament of Holy Communion?” The research problem is addressed from the vantage-point of understanding sacraments from a Reformed paradigm. The concepts of cognition and recognition are highlighted from a brief historical description of what is a sacrament and also taking into account the insights from social psychology regarding the essence of the concepts of cognition and recognition. The article further elaborates on the functioning of the concepts of cognition (phronesis) and recognition (anamnesis). In the last section, the article utilizes a hermeneutical interaction between descriptive and systemizing perspectives in order to formulate strategizing perspectives on how a problematic praxis could possibly be addressed regarding people’s experiences on participation in Holy Communion through the meaningful lenses of cognition and recognition.
The impact of the interactional setting on the choice of referring expressions in narratives
Authors: de Weck Geneviève , Salazar Orvig Anne , Rezzonico Stefano , Vinel Élise , Bernasconi Mélanie
Published: March 2019

This article aims to account for the impact of the interactional setting on adults’ referential uses by determining if telling a story to/with a child impacts the referential strategies of adults. The long-term goal of this study is to better understand the models of reference in narratives children are exposed to in order to account for young children’s uses. The study analysed the referring expressions of 20 women telling a story with their child (5 to 7 years old) (CHILD condition), and 20 women telling the same story to an adult experimenter (ADULT condition). Referring expressions were coded according to their linguistic type, their position in the referential chain and the properties of the referents. Results revealed differences between the two settings in the referential choices for the first mention and the reactivation of a referent. Overall, in the CHILD condition, the participants used a wider range of referring expressions than in the ADULT condition. In the CHILD condition participants were oriented towards the interactional demands of enlisting the child in the task and keeping his/her attention. The findings suggest that the models children experience differ from adults’ uses, which are generally considered as the developmental target.
Endrew and FAPE: Concepts and Implications for All Students With Disabilities
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Wiley Andrew L. , Travers Jason C. , Badar Jeanmarie , Anastasiou Dimitris
Published: March 2019

The opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States in the Endrew case has implications for the education of all students with disabilities. Implications for several categories of disability are discussed: those with autism spectrum disorder and those with disabilities often considered high incidence, particularly those placed for a significant portion of their school day in general education. The aspects of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act most relevant to the Endrew case are also compared with Article 24 of the United Nations’s Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The opinion in Endrew may affect the course of special education and the role of behavior modification in meeting the needs of all students with disabilities.
The Disincentive Effect of Stars: Evidence From Analyst Coverage
Authors: Luo Jiang , Yin Huifang , Zhang Huai
Published: March 2019

We hypothesize that when the winning odds are eclipsed by the presence of superstars, tournament participants will choose to bow out of the competition. We use the setting of financial analysts to test this hypothesis. We document that nonstar analysts avoid direct competition with star analysts through their coverage decisions. Moreover, nonstars’ reluctance to compete with stars is more pronounced when star analysts are more highly ranked, when winning the tournament carries higher rewards, when institutional ownership is lower, when the firm faces lower uncertainties, and when nonstars are of average ability. In addition, we show that nonstars who avoid direct competitions with stars are more likely to become an Institutional Investor All-star in the future, suggesting that competition avoidance benefits nonstars. Collectively, our results suggest that the presence of superstars discourages others from participating in the tournament.
Left-Wing SPA-Led and CPUSA-Led Unions and Worker Organizations as the Vanguard of U.S. Social Democracy’s Left-Wing, Circa 1935 to 1950
Authors: Devinatz Victor G.
Published: March 2019

During the golden era of world trade unionism (circa 1945 to 1980) the trade union movement’s political arm, the workers’ parties (Labor, Social Democratic, and Communist) were at their peak strength attaining a significant amount of electoral support from the citizens in many European industrial democracies. This situation, however, did not occur in the United States where both the Socialist Party of America (SPA) and the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) never exerted similar political power as their European counterparts. Nevertheless, SPA and CPUSA members and their supporters attained significant influence in U.S. trade unions and related workers’ organizations, circa 1930 to 1950. Based on the publication of recent literature, I argue that left-wing SPA-led and CPUSA-led unions and worker organizations were the vanguard of the left wing of U.S. social democracy (the New Deal) from the mid-1930s to approximately 1950. Since the SPA and CPUSA had relatively small membership numbers, it was more effective for these political groups to work through trade unions and other mass worker organizations, such as the International Workers Order, for promoting their ideas and policies.
Emotional-behavioral resilience and competence in preschool children exposed and not exposed to intimate partner violence in early life
Authors: Fogarty Alison , Giallo Rebecca , Wood Catherine , Kaufman Jordy , Brown Stephanie
Published: March 2019

Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) during childhood is a risk factor for poor emotional-behavioral functioning. Despite this, many children show resilience in the face of IPV exposure. The current study aimed to identify characteristics associated with positive emotional-behavioral outcomes in 4-year-old children exposed to IPV in early life. Data were drawn from the Maternal Health Study (MHS), a prospective study of women during pregnancy and following the birth of their first child. Women were recruited from six Melbourne public hospitals between 2003 and 2005. Mother–child dyads ( n = 1060) were included in the study using data collected during pregnancy; 12 months postpartum; and four years postpartum. Of the children exposed to IPV in early life, 38% displayed emotional-behavioral resilience at four years. Maternal physical wellbeing, mothers’ return to work or study and no exposure to IPV at four years were associated with child resilience. These results highlighted the importance of prioritizing mothers’ physical wellbeing and access to employment in promoting positive outcomes for their children. The results also reinforced the significant role of early intervention; when exposure to IPV stops at an early age, children are more likely to experience emotional-behavioral resilience.
Pathological Safety Assessment in Preclinical Neurothrombectomy Studies
Authors: Spangler Taylor A. , Katzman Scott A.
Published: March 2019

The design, production, and preclinical testing of neurothrombectomy devices is in a burgeoning phase as the demand escalates for safe and reliable treatment options following neurovascular stroke. Currently, there is a paucity of published data describing the development of iatrogenic vascular lesions occurring secondary to neurothrombectomy procedures. In an effort to test new devices, demonstrate device safety, satisfy regulatory requirements, and develop an understanding of the potential for associated vascular pathology, investigators are establishing appropriate methodology in suitable animal models. Significant challenges exist in identifying a single animal species that can be consistently utilized in all phases of device development. These aforementioned challenges are underscored by the intricacies of neurovascular pathology, thrombovascular interactions, and vascular responses to injury.
Moving Toward Understanding Social Justice in Sport Organizations: A Study of Engagement in Social Justice Advocacy in Sport Organizations
Authors: Lee Woojun , Cunningham George B.
Published: March 2019

This study examines the factors that can be associated with social justice advocacy in the field of sport and explains why the activists get involved in the social justice advocacy. The authors implemented a phenomenological research approach, interviewing 12 active social justice activists. In drawing from Moeschberger et al.’s model for awareness and engagement, the authors suggest a congruent definition of social justice advocacy, explain how the participants learned about social injustice ( direct experience, indirect experience, and indirect contact), identify three major themes ( increased awareness, atypical experience, and emotional response) for the involvement in social justice advocacy, and describe what activities the participants get engaged in ( raising awareness and changing attitude, engaging in activity, and encouraging others). The results of this study provide more in-depth understanding of social justice advocacy in the field of sport.
Audiology Telemedicine Evaluations: Potential Expanded Applications
Authors: Fletcher Kyle T. , Dicken Frank W. , Adkins Margaret M. , Cline Trey A. , McNulty Beth N. , Shinn Jennifer B. , Bush Matthew L.
Published: March 2019

There is underutilization of cochlear implants with delays in implantation linked to distance from implant centers. Telemedicine could connect cochlear implant specialists with patients in rural locations. We piloted telemedicine cochlear implant testing in a small study, largely composed of normal‐hearing volunteers to trial this new application of teleaudiology technology. Thirteen subjects (8 with normal hearing and 5 with hearing loss ranging from mild to profound) underwent a traditional cochlear implant evaluation in person and then via telemedicine technology. Routine audiometry, word recognition testing, and Arizona Biological Test (AzBio) and consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) testing were performed. Mean (SD) percent difference in AzBio between in‐person and remote testing was 1.7% (2.06%). Pure tone average (PTA), speech reception threshold (SRT), and word recognition were similar between methods. CNC testing showed a mean (SD) difference of 6.8% (10.2%) between methods. Testing conditions were acceptable to audiologists and subjects. Further study to validate this method in cochlear implant candidates and a larger population is warranted.
Adjunctive tianeptine treatment for bipolar disorder: A 24-week randomized, placebo-controlled, maintenance trial
Authors: Kauer-Sant’Anna Márcia , Frey Benicio N , Fijtman Adam , Loredo-Souza Ana C , Dargél Aroldo A , Pfaffenseller Bianca , Wollenhaupt-Aguiar Bianca , Gazalle Fernando K , Colpo Gabriela D , Passos Ives C , Bücker Joana , Walz Júlio C , Jansen Karen , Mendes Ceresér Keila M , Bürke Bridi Kelen P , dos Santos Sória Lisiane , Kunz Maurício , Pinho Michele , Kapczinski Natália S , Goi Pedro D , Magalhães Pedro VS , Reckziegel Ramiro , Burque Renan K , de Azevedo Cardoso Taiane , Kapczinski Flávio
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of tianeptine as an adjunctive maintenance treatment for bipolar depression.

Methods:

This is a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled maintenance trial of adjunctive tianeptine 37.5 mg/day. Participants ( n=161) had a Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ⩾12 at entry. After eight weeks of open-label tianeptine treatment, those who responded to tianeptine ( n=69) were randomized to adjunctive tianeptine ( n=36) or placebo ( n=33) in addition to usual treatment. Kaplan-Meier estimates and the Mantel-Cox log-rank test were used to evaluate differences in time to intervention for a mood episode between the tianeptine and placebo groups. We also assessed overall functioning, biological rhythms, quality of life, rates of manic switch and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels.

Results:

There were no differences between adjunctive tianeptine or placebo regarding time to intervention or depression scores in the 24-week double-blind controlled phase. Patients in the tianeptine group showed better performance in the letter-number sequencing subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale at the endpoint ( p=0.014). Tianeptine was well tolerated and not associated with higher risk for manic switch compared to placebo.

Conclusion:

Tianeptine was not more effective than placebo in the maintenance treatment of bipolar depression. There is preliminary evidence suggesting a pro-cognitive effect of tianeptine in working memory compared to placebo.
Reduced phosphodiesterase-2 activity in the amygdala results in anxiolytic-like effects on behavior in mice
Authors: Chen Ling , Cui Suying , Yu Haiyang , Li Gaowen , Liu Na , Wu Qiang , Zhang Han-Ting , O’Donnell James M , Wang Gang , Xu Ying
Published: March 2019

Background:

Phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and is highly expressed in the amygdala, which suggests its important role in anxiety-like behavior.

Aims:

The present study examined whether reduced PDE2A expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) produces anxiolytic-like effects in mice.

Methods:

PDE2A knockdown in amygdaloid (AR5) cells or the CeA was established using a lentiviral vector-based siRNA system. The anxiety-like behaviors were detected by the elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole-board tests in mice. The related proteins involved in cAMP/cGMP-dependent signaling, such as specific marker VASPser239, CREBser133 and BDNF were detected by immunoblot analysis.

Results:

PDE2A inhibition in AR-5 cells resulted in increases in cAMP/cGMP-related pVASPser239 and pCREBser133. Behavioral tests showed that PDE2A knockdown in the CeA induced anxiolytic-like effects as evidenced by the increases in percentages of open-arm entries and time spent in the open arms in the EPM test, and the increases in head dips and time spent in head dipping in the hole-board test. However, these anxiolytic-like effects were antagonized by pre-treatment of soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ or adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ. Furthermore, PDE2A knockdown significantly increased pVASPSer239, pCREBSer133 and decreased BDNF expression in the amygdala. Pre-intra-CeA of ODQ or SQ reversed or partially prevented the eﬀects of PDE2A knockdown on these proteins.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that PDE2A plays a crucial role in the regulation of anxiety by the cGMP/cAMP-dependent pVASP-pCREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
Machine-readable Yin–Yang imbalance: traditional Chinese medicine syndrome computer modeling based on three-dimensional noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging
Authors: Cen Wei , Hoppe Ralph , Sun Aiwu , Ding Hongyan , Gu Ning
Published: March 2019

Objectives

The principal diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse-taking. Treatment by syndrome differentiation is likely to be subjective. This study was designed to provide a basic theory for TCM diagnosis and establish an objective means of evaluating the correctness of syndrome differentiation.

Methods

We herein provide the basic theory of TCM syndrome computer modeling based on a noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging technique. Noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging records the heart’s electrical activity from hundreds of electrodes on the patient’s torso surface and therefore provides much more information than 12-lead electrocardiography. Through mathematical reconstruction algorithm calculations, the reconstructed heart model is a machine-readable description of the underlying mathematical physics model that reveals the detailed three-dimensional (3D) electrophysiological activity of the heart.

Results

From part of the simulation results, the imaged 3D cardiac electrical source provides dynamic information regarding the heart’s electrical activity at any given location within the 3D myocardium.

Conclusions

This noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging method is suitable for translating TCM syndromes into a computable format of the underlying mathematical physics model to offer TCM diagnosis evidence-based standards for ensuring correct evaluation and rigorous, scientific data for demonstrating its efficacy.
Modified Chuanhu anti-gout mixture, a traditional Chinese medicine, protects against potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction in mice
Authors: You Wenjun , Wang Jie , Zou Yaowu , Che Kui , Hou Xu , Fei Honghua , Wang Yangang
Published: March 2019

Objective

Acute gout is a painful, inflammatory arthritis that features a rapidly escalating inflammatory response resulting from the formation of monosodium urate crystals in the affected joint space. Previously, we found that Chuanhu anti-gout mixture (CAGM) had similar effects as colchicine against gout in the clinic. Subsequently, to improve its effectiveness and efficacy, we modified the original formulation of CAGM. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of the modified formulation in mice.

Methods

Potassium oxonate (PO) was used to establish a mouse model of hyperuricemia. Plasma levels of uric acid and creatine were determined using the respective test kits. Hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) expression was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To explore the underlying mechanism, renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) mRNA levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Allopurinol and benzbromarone were used as reference drugs.

Results

The original CAGM and its modified high-dose formulation significantly reduced serum uric acid and creatine levels in hyperuricemic mice. In addition, the CAGM-treated groups displayed lower mRNA levels of hepatic XOD and renal URAT1.

Conclusions

CAGM and its modified formulation significantly ameliorated PO-induced hyperuricemia in mice, which might be partially attributable to reductions of hepatic XOD and renal URAT1 levels.
Midshaft Clavicle Fractures: Surgery Provides Better Results as Compared With Nonoperative Treatment: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Guerra Enrico , Previtali Davide , Tamborini Simone , Filardo Giuseppe , Zaffagnini Stefano , Candrian Christian
Published: March 2019

Background:

There is no agreement on the best treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures (MCFs), which are currently addressed by nonoperative or surgical approaches.

Purpose:

To compare fracture healing and functional outcome after surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of MCFs, to help specialists in deciding between these different strategies by providing a synthesis of the best literature evidence.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic research of the literature was performed in different online databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and grey literature. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration’s “risk of bias” tool, and the quality of evidence was graded according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials investigating differences between surgery and nonoperative treatment for displaced MCFs were included. The primary outcome was the nonunion rate. Other outcomes analyzed were time to union and to return to activities, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) index. Patients’ satisfaction, secondary operations, and complications were also recorded.

Results:

Out of 832 records found, 14 randomized controlled trials with 1546 patients were included. A significantly lower risk ratio was found for nonunion (10%; 95% CI, 6%-18%, P < .001) favoring surgery. Time to union was 5.1 weeks shorter with surgery ( P = .007). The complication rate (including the number of reinterventions) was higher in the surgical group (31.3% vs 20.5%, P < .001). Shoulder function at short-term follow-up was significantly better in the surgical group (DASH index mean difference = 4.0 points), while no statistical difference was found in the Constant score and in the DASH index at midterm follow-up ( P = .41 and .80, respectively). At long-term follow-up, both shoulder functional scores were significantly better in the surgery group: the overall Constant score mean difference was 5.3 points (95% CI, 2.3-8.4 points; P < .001), and the DASH index mean difference was 4.3 points (95% CI, 0.2-8.4 points; P = .04).

Conclusion:

Surgical treatment of MCFs significantly reduces the nonunion rate and shortens the time to union as compared with the nonoperative approach and, despite a slightly higher incidence of complications, leads to better shoulder functional scores at short- and long-term follow-up. Further studies should address the clinical significance of the documented improvement.
The Influence of Peer Support for Violence and Peer Acceptance of Rape Myths on Multiple Forms of Interpersonal Violence Among Youth
Authors: Collibee Charlene , Rizzo Christie , Bleiweiss Kaitlyn , Orchowski Lindsay M.
Published: March 2019

Significant work has highlighted the associations among physical dating violence, bullying perpetrated in person, and cyberbullying. Yet these experiences are most often examined in isolation. The present study adds to the literature by testing the hypothesis that peer factors (e.g., perceived peer support for sexual violence and perceived peer endorsement of rape myths) display associations with three forms of aggression (physical dating violence perpetration, perpetration of bullying in-person, and cyberbullying perpetration). A sample of 2,830 10th-grade youth, recruited across 27 high schools in the northeast region of the United States, completed self-report surveys assessing peer context and the perpetration of violence. To examine the potential shared risk of peer approval for sexual violence and peer endorsement of rape myths and multiple forms of violence, a multivariate extension to multilevel models (MLMs) was used. Findings suggested that as hypothesized both peer support for sexual violence and perceptions of peer endorsement of rape myths each made a significant contribution in association with dating aggression perpetration, in person bullying, as well as cyberbullying. Findings offer insight into the development of aggression in adolescence and highlight the necessity of unified research examining multiple domains together. Discussion also underscores the potential benefits of targeting peer context and perceptions of peer norms through cross-cutting prevention programming for adolescents.
Modelling tyre noise in finite element simulations for pass-by noise predictions
Authors: Lafont T , Stelzer R , D'Amico R , Kropp W , Bertolini C
Published: March 2019

Fulfilling the current pass-by noise regulation is a challenge for the original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers. And it's not going to improve over time. Any possible ways to reduce the exterior noise can happen to be beneficial. In this context, simulations are natural alternatives to costly and long measurement campaigns to quantify the benefits of acoustic treatments. Nevertheless, modelling procedures to tackle this type of issues are far from being well-established, even though the literature is rich with studies describing the complex processes involved in the tyre–road contact. Very often, when it comes to full-vehicle modelling, tyre sources are replaced by simple sources as monopoles, thus introducing a physical simplification. This paper is concerned with the tyre noise modelling in finite element simulation in the perspective to assess the pass-by noise of a car. For that, the sound radiated by validated velocity maps from a tyre–road noise simulation model at different speeds and for different loads is compared with the noise radiated by monopoles in the close vicinity of the tyres. The aim is to define the limitation related to the use of the monopoles in order to correctly capture the relevant physics in the simulation.
Time-optimal trajectory planning method for six-legged robots under actuator constraints
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Gao Feng
Published: March 2019

Current studies on time-optimal trajectory planning centers on cases with fixed base and only one end-effector. However, the free-floating body and the multiple legs of the legged robot make the current methods inapplicable. This paper proposes a time-optimal trajectory planning method for six-legged robots. The model of the optimization problem for six-legged robots is built by considering the base and the end-effectors separately. Both the actuator constraints and the gait cycle constraints are taken into account. A novel two-step optimization method is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The first step solves the time-optimal trajectory of the body and the second step solves the time-optimal trajectory of the swinging legs. Finally, the method is applied to a six-parallel-legged robot and validated by experiments on the prototype. The results show that the velocity of the optimized gait is improved by 17.8% in contrast to the non-optimized one.