bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging models of power among South African women business leaders
Authors: Kinnear Lisa , Ortlepp Karen
Published: November 2016

Orientation: This paper represents a broader study which explores how South African women business leaders construct power in their life and leadership narratives. The research was approached with a feminist paradigm in its review of constructions of power and their potential for transformation of patriarchal power dynamics.Research purpose: The purpose was to critically analyse emerging models of power among South African women business leaders to include their perspectives in the process of theory building.Motivation for the study: Women in senior leadership positions are not necessarily enabling the transformation of organisations to include greater representation of women at senior levels. A critical understanding of women’s models of power may highlight unconscious processes contributing to this as well as emerging models that can facilitate change.Research design, approach and method: Qualitative research was conducted within a feminist social constructionist framework, using the method of discourse analysis of narrative texts to identify emerging models of power. The 10 women in the study included executives within corporations across a range of industry sectors in South Africa.Practical/managerial implications: The findings may guide approaches to gender transformation efforts in organisations and raise women leaders’ awareness of their conscious and unconscious impact on gender empowerment.Contribution/value-add: A novel contribution of this study is the emerging transformative model of power and the tensions women experience in asserting this power.
Credit with Health Education in Benin: A Cluster Randomized Trial Examining Impacts on Knowledge and Behavior
Authors: Karlan Dean , Thuysbaert Bram , Gray Bobbi
Published: November 2016

We evaluate whether health education integrated into microcredit lending groups reduces health risks by improving health knowledge and self-reported behaviors among urban and rural borrowers in eastern Benin. In 2007, we randomly assigned 138 villages in the Plateau region of Benin to one of four variations of a group liability credit product, varying lending groups' gender composition and/or inclusion of health education using a 2 × 2 design. Women in villages receiving health education, regardless of gender composition of the groups, showed improved knowledge of malaria and of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), but not of childhood illness danger signs. No significant changes in health behavior were observed except an increase in HIV/AIDS prevention behavior, a result predominantly driven by an increase in respondents' self-reported ability to procure a condom, likely an indicator of increased perceived access rather than improved preventative behavior. Women in villages assigned to mixed-gender groups had significantly lower levels of social capital, compared with villages assigned to female-only groups. This suggests there may be an important trade-off to consider for interventions seeking improved health outcomes and social capital through provision of services to mixed-gender groups. Although bundling health education with microcredit can expand health education coverage and lower service-delivery costs, the approach may not be sufficient to improve health behaviors.
Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay
Authors: Rogier Eric , Moss Delynn M. , Chard Anna N. , Trinies Victoria , Doumbia Seydou , Freeman Matthew C. , Lammie Patrick J.
Published: November 2016

Malaria serology through assaying for IgG against Plasmodium spp. antigens provides evidence into the infection history for an individual. The multiplex bead assay (MBA) allows for detection of IgG against multiple Plasmodium spp., and can be especially useful in many regions where Plasmodium falciparum is of primary clinical focus, but other species are co-endemic. Dried blood spots were collected from 805 Malian children attending 42 elementary schools in the regions of Mopti, Sikasso, Koulikoro, and Bamako capital district, and IgG assayed by MBA. As southern Mali is known to be holoendemic for P. falciparum, merozoite surface protein 1 19-kDa subunit (MSP-142) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) antigens were included for serology against this parasite. Responses to these antigens both provided high estimates for lifetime exposure, with 730 (90%) children with IgG antibodies for MSP-142, 737 (91%) for AMA-1, and 773 (96%) positive for either or both. Also included was the antigen Plasmodium vivax MSP-119, against which 140 (17.4%) children were found to have antibodies. Increases in antibody titers with older age were clearly seen with the P. falciparum antigens, but not with the P. vivax antigen, likely indicating more of a sporadic, rather than sustained transmission for this species. The MBA provides effective opportunities to evaluate malaria transmission through serological analysis for multiple Plasmodium species.
Rubella Immunity in Pregnant Native Taiwanese and Immigrants from Asian Countries
Authors: Zen Yeong-Hwa , Shih Ching-Tang , Kung Wan-Ju , Lee Chien-Hung , Lin Ching-Chiang
Published: November 2016

Vaccination is considered the most effective method to prevent rubella spread and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the rubella immunity among native and immigrant pregnant women in Taiwan. From 2000 to 2014, a total of 16,879 pregnant women who received routine prenatal examinations were recruited in this study. The rubella IgG antibodies were assayed using a microparticle enzyme immunoassay or chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Subjects were categorized by nationality and subcategorized by specific periods of time for comparison. The rubella susceptibility was 12.7% in total, 11.1% in Taiwanese and 20.3% in immigrant population from 2000 to 2014. Among the immigrant women, those from Vietnam had the highest susceptibility (22.3%) and those from Thailand had the lowest susceptibility (3.8%). The immigrant women from Vietnam and China showed a significantly higher susceptibility compared with the native Taiwanese women in which the odds ratio was 2.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.04–2.60), 1.96 (95% CI: 1.59–2.41), respectively (P < 0.001). It meant that immigrants from Vietnam and China had a higher likelihood of rubella susceptibility and related CRS sequela than native women. From 2000–2004 to 2010–2014 cohort, there was no obvious change in rubella susceptibility in native women, which varied between 10.0% and 11.9%. However, there was a decreasing trend of rubella susceptibility in the immigrant women overall, from 24.5% to 11.5% (P < 0.001). To eliminate congenital rubella in Taiwan, additional catch-up immunization strategies are needed.
Dicrocoelium dendriticum: An Unusual Parasitological Diagnosis in a Reference International Health Unit
Authors: Moure Zaira , Zarzuela Francesc , Espasa Mateu , Pou Diana , Serre-Delcor Nuria , Treviño Begoña , Bocanegra Cristina , Molina Israel , Pumarola Tomas , Sulleiro Elena
Published: November 2016

Finding Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs in human feces is exceptional and there are few prevalence data available. True infection occurs after accidental ingestion of ants containing metacercariae and spurious infection through the consumption of infected animal liver. Differential diagnosis between true and pseudo-infections is performed through stool examination after a diet free of liver. In addition, microscopy can help to differentiate the type of infection. We report six cases, all from sub-Saharan Africa, detection of this fluke at the Tropical Medicine Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes (Barcelona, Spain). Dicrocoelium dendriticum transit eggs were visualized in five cases and there were no subsequent visualizations after diet, which reinforces that all these cases were false parasitism. In one case, few embryonated eggs were observed and the patient was treated for a possible true parasitism. There is a need to investigate the prevalence of D. dendriticum in our country focusing on the distinction between true and spurious infections.
Examination of Antibody Responses as a Measure of Exposure to Malaria in the Indigenous Batwa and Their Non-Indigenous Neighbors in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Kulkarni Manisha A. , Garrod Gala , Berrang-Ford Lea , Ssewanyana Isaac , Harper Sherilee L. , Baraheberwa Nestor , Donnelly Blanaid , Patterson Kaitlin , Namanya Didacus B. , Lwasa Shuaib , Drakeley Chris
Published: November 2016

Understanding variations in malaria transmission and exposure is critical to identify populations at risk and enable better targeting of interventions. The indigenous Batwa of southwestern Uganda have a disproportionate burden of malaria infection compared with their non-indigenous neighbors. To better understand the individual- and community-level determinants of malaria exposure, a seroepidemiological study was conducted in 10 local council cells in Kanungu District, Uganda, in April 2014. The Batwa had twice the odds of being seropositive to two Plasmodium falciparum–specific antigens, apical membrane antigen-1 and merozoite surface protein-119, compared with the non-indigenous Bakiga (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.51–2.88). This trend was found irrespective of altitude level and after controlling for cell location. Seroconversion rates in the Batwa were more than twice those observed in the Bakiga. For the Batwa, multiple factors may be associated with higher exposure to malaria and antibody levels relative to their non-indigenous neighbors.
Triatoma infestans Calreticulin: Gene Cloning and Expression of a Main Domain That Interacts with the Host Complement System
Authors: Weinberger Katherine , Collazo Norberto , Aguillón Juan Carlos , Molina María Carmen , Rosas Carlos , Peña Jaime , Pizarro Javier , Maldonado Ismael , Cattan Pedro E. , Apt Werner , Ferreira Arturo
Published: November 2016

Triatoma infestans is an important hematophagous vector of Chagas disease, a neglected chronic illness affecting approximately 6 million people in Latin America. Hematophagous insects possess several molecules in their saliva that counteract host defensive responses. Calreticulin (CRT), a multifunctional protein secreted in saliva, contributes to the feeding process in some insects. Human CRT (HuCRT) and Trypanosoma cruzi CRT (TcCRT) inhibit the classical pathway of complement activation, mainly by interacting through their central S domain with complement component C1. In previous studies, we have detected CRT in salivary gland extracts from T. infestans. We have called this molecule TiCRT. Given that the S domain is responsible for C1 binding, we have tested its role in the classical pathway of complement activation in vertebrate blood. We have cloned and characterized the complete nucleotide sequence of CRT from T. infestans, and expressed its S domain. As expected, this S domain binds to human C1 and, as a consequence, it inhibits the classical pathway of complement, at its earliest stage of activation, namely the generation of C4b. Possibly, the presence of TiCRT in the salivary gland represents an evolutionary adaptation in hematophagous insects to control a potential activation of complement proteins, present in the massive blood meal that they ingest, with deleterious consequences at least on the anterior digestive tract of these insects.
Sequence-Independent, Single-Primer Amplification Next-Generation Sequencing of Hantaan Virus Cell Culture–Based Isolates
Authors: Song Dong Hyun , Kim Won-Keun , Gu Se Hun , Lee Daesang , Kim Jeong-Ah , No Jin Sun , Lee Seung-Ho , Wiley Michael R. , Palacios Gustavo , Song Jin-Won , Jeong Seong Tae
Published: November 2016

Hantaan virus (HTNV), identified in the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), belongs to the genus Hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae and contains tripartite RNA genomes, small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments. HTNV is a major causative for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with fatality rates ranging from 1% to 15% in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and China. Defining of HTNV whole-genome sequences and isolation of the infectious particle play a critical role in the characterization and preventive and therapeutic strategies of hantavirus outbreaks. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides an advanced tool for massive genomic sequencing of viruses. However, the isolation of viral infectious particles is a huge obstacle to investigate and develop anti-virals for hantaviruses. Here, we report 12 HTNV isolates from lung tissues of the striped field mouse in the highly HFRS-endemic areas. Sequence-independent, single-primer amplification (SISPA) NGS was attempted to recover the genomic sequences of HTNV isolates. The nucleotide sequence of HTNV S, M, and L segments were covered up to 99.4–100%, 97.5–100%, and 95.6–99.8%, respectively, based on the full length of the prototype HTNV 76-118. The whole-genome sequencing of HTNV isolates was accomplished by additional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. In conclusion, this study will lead to the attempt and usage of SISPA NGS technologies to delineate the whole-genome sequence of hantaviruses, providing a new era of viral genomics for the surveillance, trace, and disease risk management of HFRS incidents.
Results from the Workshop “Problem Formulation for the Use of Gene Drive in Mosquitoes”
Authors: Roberts Andrew , Andrade Paulo Paes de , Okumu Fredros , Quemada Hector , Savadogo Moussa , Singh Jerome Amir , James Stephanie
Published: November 2016

Reducing the incidence of malaria has been a public health priority for nearly a century. New technologies and associated vector control strategies play an important role in the prospect of sustained reductions. The development of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system has generated new possibilities for the use of gene-drive constructs to reduce or alter vector populations to reduce malaria incidence. However, before these technologies can be developed and exploited, it will be necessary to understand and assess the likelihood of any potential harms to humans or the environment. To begin this process, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health and the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation organized an expert workshop to consider the potential risks related to the use of gene drives in Anopheles gambiae for malaria control in Africa. The resulting discussion yielded a series of consensus points that are reported here.
Stability of Dihydroartemisinin–Piperaquine Tablet Halves During Prolonged Storage Under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Hodel Eva Maria , Kaur Harparkash , Terlouw Dianne J.
Published: November 2016

Dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DP) is recommended for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, used in efforts to contain artemisinin resistance, and increasingly considered for mass drug administration. Because of the narrow therapeutic dose range and available tablet strengths, the manufacturers and World Health Organization recommended regimens involve breaking tablets into halves to accurately dose children according to body weight. Use of tablet fractions in programmatic settings under tropical conditions requires a highly stable product; however, the stability of DP tablet fractions is unknown. We aged full and half DP (Eurartesim®) tablets in a stability chamber at 30°C and 70% humidity level. The active pharmaceutical ingredients dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine remained at ≥ 95% over the 3 months' period of ageing in light and darkness. These findings are reassuring for DP, but highlight the need to assess drug stability under real-life settings during the drug development process, particularly for key drugs of global disease control programs.
Teshima Art Museum en la isla de Teshima. Japón
Authors: Oficina de Ryue Nishizawa Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

El Museo de Arte de Teshima del arquitecto Ryue Nishizawa y la artista Rei Naito es un frágil trabajo donde se funden naturaleza, arte y arquitectura.
Maxxi Museo nacional de las artes siglo XXI en Roma. Italia
Authors: Zaha Hadid Architects Arquitecto
Published: November 2016

EL MAXXI es una obra de Zaha Hadid de reciente construcción donde se acentúa su particular imaginario, tan vinculado a las aportaciones de la vanguardia soviética, confluyendo las aspiraciones estéticas con un determinado programa arquitectónico básicamente destinado a exposiciones. 
Casa Paraty. RJ. Brasil
Authors: StudioMK Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

En una de las 365 islas –una para cada día del año- que dice la leyenda que existen entre la antigua ciudad colonial de Paraty y Angra dos Reis (entre Sao Paulo y Río de Janeiro, en Brasil), se sitúa la Casa Paraty. Poco menos que un paradisíaco lugar bañado por límpidas aguas, arenas claras y una frondosa vegetación tropical de las que emergen las colosales rocas de la costa brasileña. Como dos piedras huecas, horadadas por la acción del agua, surgen entre la maleza los dos volúmenes que componen esta vivienda. Son dos grandes piezas de hormigón visto que levitan sobre un terreno en pendiente, dejando a sus pies una profunda sombra.
"Mae d'água" o del traducir el Estadio de Braga
Authors: Nozza Carlo
Published: November 2016

La labor de colaboración de los arquitectos en un proyecto alcanza dimensiones parecidas a las del traductor sobre la obra literaria, debiendo interpretar los pensamientos y deseos del autor más allá del traslado automático al papel. Los principios arquitectónicos sobre los que se basa la obra del estadio de Braga son la base fundamental para el entendimiento de la misma y configuran el imaginario conceptual sobre el que trabaja el arquitecto Eduardo Souto de Moura.
Equipamiento deportivo y cultural en Saint Jean sur Veyle, Ródano-Alpes. Francia
Authors: Hervé Regnault Arquitecto
Published: November 2016

El Centro deportivo y cultural en Saint Jean sur Veyle recibe a equipos deportivos, artes marciales y clases de danza. El edificio sigue el trazo del fi nal del campo, lejos del pueblo para así reconocerse con facilidad desde cualquier carretera de acceso. La volumetría del conjunto es simple pero meditada.
Pabellón de deportes Sport Hall Ka Hiel en Bruselas. Bélgica
Authors: Scholengroep Brussel Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

El emplazamiento del colegio KA Hiel es una zona verde dentro de un contexto urbano. La parcela presenta un terreno con grandes diferencias en sus cotas y edificios y pabellones muy diversos. Las edificaciones que lindan con el colegio varían desde viviendas adosadas hasta altos bloques solitarios de apartamentos.
Complejo acuático para los IX Juegos Panamericanos en Medellín. Colombia
Authors: Paisajes Emergentes Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

El Complejo Acuático para los Juegos Panamericanos Medellín 2010 de Paisajes Emergentes - Luis Callejas, Edgar Mazo y Sebastián Mejía- se desarrolla en dos fases significativas: fase de concurso y fase de proyecto y ejecución. Aprovecharemos la revisión de la documentación disponible de ambas fases para refl exionar sobre la cualidad del espacio producido y sobre la distancia existente entre imaginar y construir.
Estadio de fútbol en Custóias, Matosinhos. Portugal
Authors: Guilherme Machado Vaz Arquitecto
Published: November 2016

Este proyecto trata de armonizar la pendiente natural del suelo a través de la plataforma elevada del campo de balón pie de 9.000 m2.

La mejor solución fue la de colocar esta plataforma en un nivel intermedio que permita crear una planta bajo el campo de balón pie donde se sitúan todas las instalaciones. De esta forma se puede emplear el suelo exterior para generar un parque que, en cierto modo, cierre el espacio.
Temporal variability and sources of VOCs in urban areas of the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Kaltsonoudis Christos , Kostenidou Evangelia , Florou Kalliopi , Psichoudaki Magda , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. During the summer of 2012 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in urban sites, in Athens and Patras, two of the largest cities in Greece. Also, during the winter of 2013, PTR-MS measurements were conducted in the center of the city of Athens. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the VOC measurements to gain insights about their sources. In summer most of the measured VOCs were due to biogenic and traffic emissions. Isoprene, monoterpenes, and several oxygenated VOCs (oVOCs) originated mainly from vegetation either directly or as oxidation products. Isoprene average concentrations in Patras and Athens were 1 and 0.7 ppb respectively, while the monoterpene concentrations were 0.3 and 0.9 ppb respectively. Traffic was the main source of aromatic compounds during summer. For Patras and Athens the average concentrations of benzene were 0.1 and 0.2 ppb, of toluene 0.3 and 0.8 ppb, and of the xylenes 0.3 and 0.7 ppb respectively. Winter measurements in Athens revealed that biomass burning used for residential heating was a major VOC source contributing both aromatic VOCs and biogenic compounds such as monoterpenes. Several episodes related to biomass burning were identified and emission ratios (ERs) and emission factors (EFs) were estimated.
Climate reference stations in Germany: Status, parallel measurements and homogeneity of temperature time series
Authors: Kaspar Frank , Hannak Lisa , Schreiber Klaus-Jürgen
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Germany's national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) operates a network of so-called "climate reference stations". These stations fulfill several tasks: At these locations observations have already been performed since several decades. Observations will continuously be performed at the traditional observing times, so that the existing time series are consistently prolonged. Currently, one specific task is the performance of parallel measurements in order to allow the comparison of manual and automatic observations. These parallel measurements will be continued at a subset of these stations until at least 2018. Later, all stations will be operated as automatic stations but will also be used for the comparison of subsequent sensor technologies. New instrumentation will be operated in parallel to the previously used sensor types over sufficiently long periods to allow an assessment of the effect of such changes. Here, we present the current status and an analysis of parallel measurements of temperature at 2 m height. The analysis shows that the automation of stations did not cause an artificial increase in the series of daily mean temperature. Depending on the screen type, a bias with a seasonal cycle occurs for maximum temperature, with larger differences in summer. The effect can be avoided by optimizing the position of the sensor within the screen.
Soil CO2 flux across a permafrost transition zone: spatial structure
and environmental correlates
Authors: Stegen James C. , Anderson Carolyn G. , Bond-Lamberty Ben , Crump Alex R. , Chen Xingyuan , Hess Nancy
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Soil respiration is a key ecosystem function whereby shifts in respiration rates can shift systems from carbon sinks to sources. Soil respiration in permafrost-associated systems is particularly important given climate change driven permafrost thaw that leads to significant uncertainty in resulting ecosystem carbon dynamics. Here we characterize the spatial structure and environmental drivers of soil respiration across a permafrost transition zone. We find that soil respiration is characterized by a non-linear threshold that occurs at active layer depths greater than 140 cm. We also find that within each season tree basal area is a dominant driver of soil respiration regardless of spatial scale, but only in spatial domains with significant spatial variability in basal area. Our analyses further show that spatial variation and scaling of soil respiration — in our boreal system — are consistent with previous work in other ecosystems (e.g., tropical forests) and in population ecology, respectively. Comparing our results to those in other ecosystems suggests that temporally-stable features such as tree stand structure are often primary drivers of spatial variation in soil respiration. If so, this provides an opportunity to better estimate the magnitude and spatial variation in soil respiration through remote sensing. Combining such an approach with broader knowledge of thresholding behavior — here related to active layer depth — would provide empirical constraints on models aimed at predicting ecosystem responses to ongoing permafrost thaw.
GPR and IRT tests in two historical buildings in Gravina in Puglia
Authors: Matera Loredana , Persico Raffaele , Geraldi Edoardo , Sileo Maria , Piro Salvatore
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This paper describes a geophysical investigation conducted into two important churches, namely the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta and the Church of Santa Croce, both in Gravina in Puglia (close to Bari, southern Italy). The Church of Santa Croce, now deconsecrated, lies below the cathedral. Therefore, the two churches constitute a unique building body. Moreover, below the Church of Santa Croce there are several crypts, which are only partially known. The prospecting was performed both with a pulsed commercial ground penetrating radar (GPR) system and with a prototypal reconfigurable stepped frequency system. The aim was twofold, namely to gather information about the monument and to test the prototypal system. The GPR measurements have also been integrated with an infrared thermography (IRT) investigation performed on part of the vaulted ceiling in the Church of Santa Croce, in order to confirm or deny a possible interpretation of certain GPR results.
Coupled hydro-meteorological modelling on a HPC platform for high-resolution extreme weather impact study
Authors: Zhu Dehua , Echendu Shirley , Xuan Yunqing , Webster Mike , Cluckie Ian
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Impact-focused studies of extreme weather require coupling of accurate simulations of weather and climate systems and impact-measuring hydrological models which themselves demand larger computer resources. In this paper, we present a preliminary analysis of a high-performance computing (HPC)-based hydrological modelling approach, which is aimed at utilizing and maximizing HPC power resources, to support the study on extreme weather impact due to climate change. Here, four case studies are presented through implementation on the HPC Wales platform of the UK mesoscale meteorological Unified Model (UM) with high-resolution simulation suite UKV, alongside a Linux-based hydrological model, Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE). The results of this study suggest that the coupled hydro-meteorological model was still able to capture the major flood peaks, compared with the conventional gauge- or radar-driving forecast, but with the added value of much extended forecast lead time. The high-resolution rainfall estimation produced by the UKV performs similarly to that of radar rainfall products in the first 2–3 days of tested flood events, but the uncertainties particularly increased as the forecast horizon goes beyond 3 days. This study takes a step forward to identify how the online mode approach can be used, where both numerical weather prediction and the hydrological model are executed, either simultaneously or on the same hardware infrastructures, so that more effective interaction and communication can be achieved and maintained between the models. But the concluding comments are that running the entire system on a reasonably powerful HPC platform does not yet allow for real-time simulations, even without the most complex and demanding data simulation part.
Monitoring and modeling infiltration-recharge dynamics of managed aquifer recharge with desalinated seawater
Authors: Ganot Yonatan , Holtzman Ran , Weisbrod Noam , Nitzan Ido , Katz Yoram , Kurtzman Daniel
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We study the relation between surface infiltration and groundwater recharge during managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with desalinated seawater in an infiltration pond, at the Menashe site that overlies the northern part of the Israeli Coastal Aquifer. We monitor infiltration dynamics at multiple scales (up to the scale of the entire pond) by measuring the ponding depth, sediment water content and groundwater levels, using pressure sensors, single-ring infiltrometers, soil sensors and observation wells. During a month (January 2015) of continuous intensive MAR (2.45 · 106 m3 discharged to a 10.7 hectare area), groundwater level has risen by 17 m attaining full connection with the pond, while average infiltration rates declined by almost 2 orders of magnitude (from ~ 11 to ~ 0.4 m d−1). This reduction can be explained solely by the lithology of the unsaturated zone that includes relatively low-permeability sediments, whereas clogging processes at pond-surface – abundant in many MAR operations – are negated by the high-quality desalinated seawater or negligible compared to the low-permeability layers. Recharge during infiltration was estimated reasonably well by simple analytical models, whereas a numerical model was used for estimating groundwater recharge after the end of infiltration. It was found that a calibrated numerical model with a one-dimensional representative sediment profile is able to capture MAR dynamics, including temporal reduction of infiltration rates, drainage and groundwater recharge. Measured infiltration rates of an independent MAR event (January 2016) fitted well to those calculated by the calibrated numerical model, showing the model validity. The successful quantification methodologies of the temporal groundwater recharge are useful for MAR practitioners and can serve as an input for groundwater flow models.
Geoscience international: the role of scientific unions
Authors: Ismail-Zadeh Alik
Published: November 2016

Abstract. International geoscientific unions (geounions) have been coordinating and promoting international efforts in Earth and space sciences since the beginning of the 20th century. Thousands of scientists from many nations and specific scientific disciplines have developed ways of cooperation through international unions and learned how to work together to promote basic geosciences. The unions have been initiating, developing, and implementing international cooperative programmes, setting scientific standards, developing research tools, educating and building capacity, and contributing to science for policy. This paper analyses the role of geounions in and their added value to the promotion of geoscience internationally in the arena of the existing and emerging professional societies of geoscientists. The history of the geounions and the development of international cooperation in geosciences are reviewed in the paper in the context of scientific and political changes over the last century. History is considered here to be a key element in understanding and shaping the future of geounions. Scientific and organisational aspects of their activities, including cooperation with international and intergovernmental institutions, are analysed using the example of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). The geounions' activities are compared to those of professional societies. Future development of scientific unions and their role in the changing global landscape of geosciences are discussed.
The imprint of crustal density heterogeneities on regional seismic wave propagation
Authors: Płonka Agnieszka , Blom Nienke , Fichtner Andreas
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Density heterogeneities are the source of mass transport in the Earth. However, the 3-D density structure remains poorly constrained because travel times of seismic waves are only weakly sensitive to density. Inspired by recent developments in seismic waveform tomography, we investigate whether the visibility of 3-D density heterogeneities may be improved by inverting not only travel times of specific seismic phases but complete seismograms.As a first step in this direction, we perform numerical experiments to estimate the effect of 3-D crustal density heterogeneities on regional seismic wave propagation. While a finite number of numerical experiments may not capture the full range of possible scenarios, our results still indicate that realistic crustal density variations may lead to travel-time shifts of up to  ∼ 1 s and amplitude variations of several tens of percent over propagation distances of  ∼ 1000 km. Both amplitude and travel-time variations increase with increasing epicentral distance and increasing medium complexity, i.e. decreasing correlation length of the heterogeneities. They are practically negligible when the correlation length of the heterogeneities is much larger than the wavelength. However, when the correlation length approaches the wavelength, density-induced waveform perturbations become prominent. Recent regional-scale full-waveform inversions that resolve structure at the scale of a wavelength already reach this regime.Our numerical experiments suggest that waveform perturbations induced by realistic crustal density variations can be observed in high-quality regional seismic data. While density-induced travel-time differences will often be small, amplitude variations exceeding ±10 % are comparable to those induced by 3-D velocity structure and attenuation. While these results certainly encourage more research on the development of 3-D density tomography, they also suggest that current full-waveform inversions that use amplitude information may be biased due to the neglect of 3-D variations in density.
FAST PREDICTION OF THE WÖHLER CURVE FROM THERMAL MEASUREMENTS FOR A WIDE RANGE OF NR AND SBR COMPOUNDS
Authors: Marco Y. , Masquelier I. , Le Saux V. , Charrier P.
Published: November 2016

In previous papers, a protocol using thermal measurements to predict the fatigue lifetime throughout an energy-based criterion afforded a very efficient prediction of the deterministic Wöhler curve with only one sample, within less than 1 day. Nevertheless, these papers investigated a limited number of materials because the fatigue campaigns required to provide a validation of this fast prediction are very demanding in time and specimens. In this study, the PROFEM project (supported by the French National Research Agency) allowed us to investigate a very wide range of materials including natural rubber (NR) and synthetic compounds (SBR). The investigation therefore considers either crystallizing (NR) or noncrystallizing (SBR) materials for several carbon black amounts (0, 20, 43, 58 phr) and types (N220, N326, N375, N550, N772). As a first step, this study presents the application of the fast prediction protocol on one compound and investigates its robustness (repeatability, influence of the N frequency, sensitivity to the graphical analysis). Then, the method is challenged on the 11 other compounds, and the comparison of the predicted fatigue curve with the Wöhler curves obtained by classical campaigns highlights a very good agreement for most of the materials.
Sembrar semillas de convivencia para cosechar paz
Authors: De Castilla Urbina Miguel
Published: November 2016

El proceso de erigir “los baluartes de la Paz” es el proceso educativo, cualquiera sea su forma o manera (formal, no formal e informal) de producirse como función social. En las escuelas, en las familias, en los medios de comunicación o en la Academia, tal es el caso del Instituto Martin Luther King de la UPOLI en Nicaragua, por ejemplo. Por ello es que no es extraño, que la Organización mundial apueste todo por la educación, a una educación cuya misión más global e integral sea la construcción de los fundamentos de la paz en la mente de niños, jóvenes y adultos.
Calendarios indígenas y santoral católico
Authors: Urtecho Mario
Published: November 2016

La beligerante resistencia indígena frente a la colonización en la actual Nicaragua está demostrada en numerosos eventos vinculados con su vida económica, política y religiosa. Durante el proceso de imposición del cristianismo, los frailes utilizaron métodos radicales para erradicarles sus creencias y cosmovisión. Ante esas intenciones nuestros ancestros recurrieron a  numerosas maniobras para encubrir, proteger y preservar a sus dioses, entre ellas, acudir a sus templos para hacerles creer que adoraban al dios católico. Ejemplos de lo aseverado es la imagen del Sol (Quetzalcóatl), que aún está al centro de la nave principal de la iglesia de Sutiaba en León, o en los ritos a sus deidades que los indígenas aún realizan dentro del templo católico de Chichicastenango, en Guatemala.En este breve ensayo se muestra la trasposición que hizo la Iglesia al imponer su santoral católico a las festividades indígenas.
Selección de acciones del Instituto Martin Luther King-UPOLI en el 2016
Authors: Editor El
Published: November 2016

Selección de acciones del Instituto Martin Luther King-UPOLI en el 2016.
Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: An Update on Treatment
Authors: Kadakia Anish R. , Dekker Robert G. , Ho Bryant S.
Published: November 2016

Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is common and seen most frequently in people who participate in recreational athletics into their thirties and forties. Although goals of treatment have not changed in the past 15 years, recent studies of nonsurgical management, specifically functional bracing with early range of motion, demonstrate rerupture rates similar to those of tendon repair and result in fewer wound and soft-tissue complications. Satisfactory outcomes may be obtained with nonsurgical or surgical treatment. Newer surgical techniques, including limited open and percutaneous repair, show rerupture rates similar to those of open repair but lower overall complication rates. Early research demonstrates no improvement in functional outcomes or tendon properties with the use of platelet-rich plasma, but promising results with the use of bone marrow–derived stem cells have been seen in animal models. Further investigation is necessary to warrant routine use of biologic adjuncts in the management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures.
A Comparative Study of Similarities between Morrison and Tie Ning
Authors: Zhu Lin
Published: November 2016

The thesis, employing parallel method in comparative literary study and an approach of feminism, conducts a comparison in the light of a lack of feminist consciousness and a hostile outlet of feminist consciousness in The Bluest Eye and Sula by Toni Morrison, an African American author, and Gate of Roses by Tie Ning, a Chinese contemporary author, which illustrates that an extreme feminist consciousness does damage to a healthy feminist consciousness.
Captive and Free: An Interpretation of Human Reality in the Novels of Joyce Cary
Authors: Khan Imam
Published: November 2016

The novelist, Joyce Cary, appears to accept human being as free, who is apparently captive, his footing on which his art of novel writing is constructed. It is his one of the inspirations and his source of creation. He projects society as the background of his novels. Protagonists and other characters find themselves at odds with the society. A consistency between free and captive has been very much schematic throughout the novels presenting his point of view. Consequences start moving from intuition to concept. His characters are flat as well as round ones. Moreover, they are free as well as captive. They are peopled with two types of human beings who may be termed as the captive and the free. However, they are real. They are humane. The wholeness of objectivity is very much schematic. The artist in Cary tries to cut deep through the encrustations of facts and life to get at the heart of the truth and reality. However, reality, human reality, appears to be perceptive. Hence, this research paper tries to investigate the purpose of the reality of society in general and reality of human beings in particular. It aims at finding out what reality is for the novelist in question. How the novelist perceives it. In addition, how the different characters of his novels do experience the reality of life?
A Strategic View for Rare Earths Production, in a Competitive and Sustainable form
Authors: Taulois Campos Tereza Raquel , Araujo Fonseca Marcus Vinicius de , Fonseca Bruna de Paula Fonseca e , Martins F Edison de Oliveira
Published: November 2016

The demand for rare earths (RE) has been intensified by their large use, especially in high technology sectors. Supply difficulties have forced RE users to seek alternative sources and invest in the development of recycling technologies and options of reuse for these elements. This article seeks to reveal the trends and ongoing changes in national and global prospects of RE. Additionally, it aims to analyze scientific collaboration networks in the area of industrial solid waste (ISW) and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) exploitation in Brazil, examining both researchers and institutions with greater representation in the field. For this purpose, social network analysis methods were used to build and analyze co-authorship networks based on scientific publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The results showed that the Brazilian collaboration network of ISW research was extremely fragmented and contained 105 different groups, which were not connected to each other. The institutional network of ISW research was composed of 125 institutions, 75.2% of them from Brazil. The Brazilian collaboration network of research in WEEE was small (37 researchers), but fragmented: researchers were divided into eight different groups that do not connect to each other. The institutional network of research in WEEE was composed by 12 institutions, nine of them from Brazil. Therefore, this article presents a network collaboration model to bring together actors involved in the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), emphasizing the potential for recovery of RE from these wastes, with the purpose of developing products and services.
Can Activity Projects Improve Children’s Wellbeing during the Transition to Secondary Education?
Authors: Akister Jane , Guest Hannah , Burch Sarah
Published: November 2016

Promoting child mental wellbeing is an important part of UK early intervention policy. Children with poor physical or mental health have significantly lower educational attainment and lower social status as adults. ‘Activity’ projects are one form of early intervention used to try and help vulnerable children. Evidence relating to the effectiveness of activity programmes is limited and there is little to say which children benefit most.

This paper reports on a summer activity project for children identified as vulnerable in the transition from primary to secondary school and is a repeat measures, longitudinal design. Reasons that children were referred to the transition project included concerns about their behaviour, school attendance, self-confidence and self-esteem. Pre-project Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires show that most of these children have borderline or high Overall Stress scores, suggesting teachers are right to be concerned about them. The most significant improvement following the project was for children with high scores for emotional distress. There were no improvements for children referred for behavioural concerns.
Curricular Content for Pupils’ Mental Health
Authors: Ebadi Seyed Hossein , Keshtiaray Narges , Aghaei Asghar , Yousefy Alireza
Published: November 2016

Present-day curricular designs have to take the pupils’ psychological needs in account, thus becoming melodies of mental health and happiness for the next generation. Emphasizing the findings from previous investigations using the research synthesis methodology, the present study has been conducted aiming at achieving some integrative knowledge under the inclusive title of “Mental Health Improvement-based Curricular Content.” Goal-oriented homogeneous sampling method was applied in order to select 100 research papers from Iranian scholars on the subject of pupils’ mental health improvement using accredited databases between 2005 and 2016. Data analysis using open subject coding encompassing three stages, namely open, axial, and selective coding, indicated that a curriculum with contents in two overall categories of mental health literacy (optimism and positive thinking; socialization; monotheistic life; happiness; self-efficacy; self-awareness and self-actualization & …) and mental health skills (emotions management, interpersonal communication, critical thinking, adaptability, tolerance, and finally & ...) has to be designed in order to improve the pupils’ mental health.
The Effect of Perceived Spiritual Leadership on Envy Management of Faculty Members through the Role of Professional Development Mediation and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Haris Zarin Daneshvar , Saidabadi Reza Yousefi , Niazazari Kiumars
Published: November 2016

Purpose: the present study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived spiritual leadership on envy management of faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities of East Azerbaijan province through the role of professional development mediation and job satisfaction.

Methodology: this study was a descriptive and correlational study that was conducted using structural equation modeling. The sample of this study consisted of all faculty members, with the rank of assistant professor or higher, in the academic year of 2014-2015. In qualitative stage, 20 individuals were selected to design the primary model and questionnaire and to model the sample; some 316 faculty members were used.

Findings: the results of this study indicated that there is a significant and positive relationship between the variables so that in investigating the direct and indirect relationship, the effect of perceived leadership on envy management was not directly significant. But through professional development mediation and job satisfaction of faculty members, the spiritual management was effective in organizational jealousy management. Also, the model enjoys from the goodness of fit.

Conclusion: According to the results, it was concluded that through providing the context for spiritual leadership and envy management, creating professional development and job satisfaction, the university administrators could prepare faculty members for more effective roles away from envy and towards educational, research and service efficiencies.
Teacher’s Differentiated Instruction Practices and Implementation Challenges for Learning Disabilities in Jordan
Authors: Siam Karam , Al-Natour Mayada
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to identify the differentiated instruction practices used by Jordanian teachers and the challenges they faced when teaching students with learning disabilities in Amman. The sample of the study consisted of 194 teachers. It followed a mixed method design and consisted of two parts. First, a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire of 75 items was developed on six domains (differentiation in content, process, resources, product, assessment, and differentiation in learning environment). Second, a qualitative analysis of interviews with teachers was conducted. Validity and reliability were established. Results of the study showed that the mean of the scores for the six domains and the entire items are low. ANOVA analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences related to the variable of teacher’s experience. On the other hand, there were statistically significant differences, as to the type of school, in favor of private schools. The main challenges, as the study found out, were weak administrative support, low parental support, lack of time, and shortages in learning resources.