bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capsicum chinense MYB Transcription Factor Genes: Identification, Expression Analysis, and Their Conservation and Diversification With Other Solanaceae Genomes
Authors: Islam Khushbu , Rawoof Abdul , Ahmad Ilyas , Dubey Meenakshi , Momo John , Ramchiary Nirala
Published: October 2021

Myeloblastosis (MYB) genes are important transcriptional regulators of plant growth, development, and secondary metabolic biosynthesis pathways, such as capsaicinoid biosynthesis in Capsicum. Although MYB genes have been identified in Capsicum annuum, no comprehensive study has been conducted on other Capsicum species. We identified a total of 251 and 240 MYB encoding genes in Capsicum chinense MYBs (CcMYBs) and Capsicum baccatum MYBs (CbMYBs). The observation of twenty tandem and 41 segmental duplication events indicated expansion of the MYB gene family in the C. chinense genome. Five CcMYB genes, i.e., CcMYB101, CcMYB46, CcMYB6, CcPHR8, and CcRVE5, and two CaMYBs, i.e., CaMYB3 and CaHHO1, were found within the previously reported capsaicinoid biosynthesis quantitative trait loci. Based on phylogenetic analysis with tomato MYB proteins, the Capsicum MYBs were classified into 24 subgroups supported by conserved amino acid motifs and gene structures. Also, a total of 241 CcMYBs were homologous with 225 C. annuum, 213 C. baccatum, 125 potato, 79 tomato, and 23 Arabidopsis MYBs. Synteny analysis showed that all 251 CcMYBs were collinear with C. annuum, C. baccatum, tomato, potato, and Arabidopsis MYBs spanning over 717 conserved syntenic segments. Using transcriptome data from three fruit developmental stages, a total of 54 CcMYBs and 81 CaMYBs showed significant differential expression patterns. Furthermore, the expression of 24 CcMYBs from the transcriptome data was validated by quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR analysis. Eight out of the 24 CcMYBs validated by the qRT-PCR were highly expressed in fiery hot C. chinense than in the lowly pungent C. annuum. Furthermore, the co-expression analysis revealed several MYB genes clustered with genes from the capsaicinoid, anthocyanin, phenylpropanoid, carotenoid, and flavonoids biosynthesis pathways, and related to determining fruit shape and size. The homology modeling of 126 R2R3 CcMYBs showed high similarity with that of the Arabidopsis R2R3 MYB domain template, suggesting their potential functional similarity at the proteome level. Furthermore, we have identified simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs in the CcMYB genes, which could be used in Capsicum breeding programs. The functional roles of the identified CcMYBs could be studied further so that they can be manipulated for Capsicum trait improvement.
O-fucosylation of CPN20 by SPINDLY Derepresses Abscisic Acid Signaling During Seed Germination and Seedling Development
Authors: Liang Lin , Wang Qi , Song Zihao , Wu Yaxin , Liang Qing , Wang Qingsong , Yang Jinli , Bi Ying , Zhou Wen , Fan Liu-Min
Published: October 2021

SPINDLY is involved in some aspects of plant development. However, the nature of this protein as an O-fucosyltransferase was recently discovered. In this study, we show that SPINDLY (SPY) interacts with CPN20 in yeast two-hybrid and split-luc assays, and the interaction is promoted by ABA. CPN20 is a chloroplast-localized co-chaperonin that negatively regulates ABAR-mediated ABA signaling. By using Electron Transfer Dissociation-MS/MS analysis, two O-fucosylation sites, e.g., 116th and 119th threonines, were detected in ectopically expressed CPN20 in mammalian cells and in Arabidopsis. The O-fucosylation at both threonine residues was confirmed by in vitro peptide O-fucosylation assay. We further show that CPN20 accumulates in the chloroplast of spy mutants, suggesting that SPY negatively regulates CPN20 localization in the chloroplast. In vivo protein degradation assay along with CPN20 localization behavior suggest that import of CPN20 into the chloroplast is negatively regulated by SPY. Genetic analysis shows that ABA insensitive phenotypes of spy-3 in terms of seed germination and early seedling development are partially suppressed by the cpn20 mutation, suggesting that CPN20 acts downstream of SPY in this ABA signaling pathway and that there may exist other pathways in parallel with CPN20. Collectively, the above data support the notion that the O-fucosylation of CPN20 by SPY fine-tunes ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of RNAi-Mediated Virus Resistance in ‘HoneySweet’ Plum
Authors: Singh Khushwant , Callahan Ann M. , Smith Brenda J. , Malinowski Tadeusz , Scorza Ralph , Jarošová Jana , Beoni Eva , Polák Jaroslav , Kundu Jiban Kumar , Dardick Chris
Published: October 2021

Interfering RNA technology has been established as an effective strategy to protect plants against viral infection. Despite this success, interfering RNA (RNAi) has rarely been applied due to the regulatory barriers that confront genetically engineered plants and concerns over possible environmental and health risks posed by non-endogenous small RNAs. ‘HoneySweet’ was developed as a virus-resistant plum variety that is protected by an RNAi-mediated process against Sharka disease caused by the plum pox virus. ‘HoneySweet’ has been approved for cultivation in the United States but not in countries where the plum pox virus is endemic. In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of virus resistance in ‘HoneySweet,’ the nature and stability of its sRNA profile, and the potential health risks of consuming ‘HoneySweet’ plums. Graft-challenged ‘HoneySweet’ trees carrying large non-transgenic infected limbs remained virus-free after more than 10 years in the field, and the viral sequences from the non-transgenic infected limbs showed no evidence of adaptation to the RNAi-based resistance. Small RNA profiling revealed that transgene-derived sRNA levels were stable across different environments and, on average, were more than 10 times lower than those present in symptom-less fruits from virus-infected trees. Comprehensive 90-day mouse feeding studies showed no adverse health impacts in mice, and there was no evidence for potential siRNA off-target pathologies predicted by comparisons of the most abundant transgene-derived sRNAs to the mouse genome. Collectively, the data confirmed that RNAi provides a highly effective, stable, and safe strategy to combat virus diseases in crop plants.
Integrative Study of Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity in the Eurasian Orchid Genus Neotinea
Authors: Trávníček Pavel , Chumová Zuzana , Záveská Eliška , Hanzlíčková Johana , Kupková (Jankolová) Lucie , Kučera Jaromír , Gbúrová Štubňová Eliška , Rejlová Ludmila , Mandáková Terezie , Ponert Jan
Published: October 2021

Knowledge of population variation across species’ ranges is a prerequisite for correctly assessing the overall variability of any group of organisms and provides an invaluable basis for unraveling evolutionary history, optimizing taxonomy and devising effective conservation strategies. Here, we examine the genus Neotinea, which represents a relatively recently delimited monophyletic genus of orchids, for which a detailed study of its overall variability was lacking. We applied a suite of biosystematic methods, consisting of flow cytometry, multivariate and geometric morphometrics, and analysis of genomic SNP data, to identify phylogenetic lineages within the genus, to delineate phenotypic variation relevant to these lineages, and to identify potential cryptic taxa within lineages. We found clear differentiation into four major lineages corresponding to the groups usually recognized within the genus: Neotinea maculata as a distinct and separate taxon, the Neotinea lactea group comprising two Mediterranean taxa N. lactea and Neotinea conica, the Neotinea ustulata group comprising two phenologically distinct varieties, and the rather complex Neotinea tridentata group comprising two major lineages and various minor lineages of unclear taxonomic value. N. conica constitutes both a monophyletic group within N. lactea and a distinct phenotype within the genus and merits its proposed subspecies-level recognition. By contrast, the spring and summer flowering forms of N. ustulata (var. ustulata and var. aestivalis) were confirmed to be distinct only morphologically, not phylogenetically. The most complex pattern emerged in the N. tridentata group, which splits into two main clades, one containing lineages from the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean and the other consisting of plants from Central Europe and the central Mediterranean. These individual lineages differ in genome size and show moderate degrees of morphological divergence. The tetraploid Neotinea commutata is closely related to the N. tridentata group, but our evidence points to an auto- rather than an allopolyploid origin. Our broad methodological approach proved effective in recognizing cryptic lineages among the orchids, and we propose the joint analysis of flow cytometric data on genome size and endopolyploidy as a useful and beneficial marker for delineating orchid species with partial endoreplication.
Anthocyanin Genes Involved in the Flower Coloration Mechanisms of Cymbidium kanran
Authors: Zhou Zhuang , Ying Zhen , Wu Zhigang , Yang Yanping , Fu Shuangbin , Xu Wan , Yao Lijuan , Zeng Aiping , Huang Jian , Lan Siren , Wang Xiaole , Liu Zhongjian
Published: October 2021

The Orchidaceae, otherwise known as orchids, is one of the largest plant families and is renowned for its spectacular flowers and ecological adaptations. Various polymorphisms of orchid flower colour can attract pollinators and be recognised as valuable horticultural ornamentals. As one of the longest historic cultured orchids, Cymbidium kanran has been domesticated for more than 2,500 years and is an ideal species to study coloration mechanisms because of plentiful variations in floral coloration and abundant traditional varieties. In this study, we used two distinct colour-type flowers of C. kanran as experimental materials to elucidate the mechanism of flower coloration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that anthocyanins in purple-red-type flowers include three types of anthocyanidin aglycones, peonidin, malvidin, and cyanidin, whereas anthocyanins are lacking in white-type flowers. Through comparative transcriptome sequencing, 102 candidate genes were identified as putative homologues of colour-related genes. Based on comprehensive correlation analysis between colour-related compounds and gene expression profiles, four candidates from 102 captured genes showed a positive correlation with anthocyanidin biosynthesis. Furthermore, transient expression of CkCHS-1, CkDFR, and CkANS by particle bombardment confirmed that recovery of their expression completed the anthocyanin pathway and produced anthocyanin compounds in white-type flowers. Collectively, this study provided a comprehensive transcriptomic dataset for Cymbidium, which significantly facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of regulating floral pigment accumulation in orchids.
Untangling the Pea Root Rot Complex Reveals Microbial Markers for Plant Health
Authors: Wille Lukas , Kurmann Mario , Messmer Monika M. , Studer Bruno , Hohmann Pierre
Published: October 2021

Plant health is recognised as a key element to ensure global food security. While plant breeding has substantially improved crop resistance against individual pathogens, it showed limited success for diseases caused by the interaction of multiple pathogens such as root rot in pea (Pisum sativum L.). To untangle the causal agents of the pea root rot complex and determine the role of the plant genotype in shaping its own detrimental or beneficial microbiome, fungal and oomycete root rot pathogens, as well as previously identified beneficials, i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Clonostachys rosea, were qPCR quantified in diseased roots of eight differently resistant pea genotypes grown in four agricultural soils under controlled conditions. We found that soil and pea genotype significantly determined the microbial compositions in diseased pea roots. Despite significant genotype x soil interactions and distinct soil-dependent pathogen complexes, our data revealed key microbial taxa that were associated with plant fitness. Our study indicates the potential of fungal and oomycete markers for plant health and serves as a precedent for other complex plant pathosystems. Such microbial markers can be used to complement plant phenotype- and genotype-based selection strategies to improve disease resistance in one of the world’s most important pulse crops of the world.
Migration of Chlorine in Plant–Soil–Leaching System and Its Effects on the Yield and Fruit Quality of Sweet Orange
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Hu Chengxiao , Zhu Zongying , Riaz Muhammad , Liu Xiaoman , Dong Zhihao , Liu Yu , Wu Songwei , Tan Zhenhua , Tan Qiling
Published: October 2021

Chlorine (Cl) is indispensable for the growth of plants. While rarely systematic reports are available for the effect of Cl-containing fertilizers on citrus production. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of various Cl-containing fertilizers on the nutrients in the leaves, the yield and quality of sweet orange, and the Cl migration in the plant–soil–leaching system. A 5-year field experiment (2016–2020) with five Cl treatments (0, 75, 150, 450, and 900 kg ha−1), and soil core lysimeter test with five Cl levels (0, 150, 225, 300, and 450 kg ha−1) were carried out. The results showed that 77.0% of Cl leached into above 60 cm deeper soil layer, with calcium as the main accompanying ions, resulting in less Cl being absorbed by the citrus plants. The content of Cl in the leaves and soil was enhanced by the increasing input of Cl-containing fertilizer, without yearly increased characteristics, under a mean annual rainfall of 1,474 mm. Chlorine significantly increased the yield (13.24–37.8 9%), fruit weight, and vitamin C (Vc), in addition to enhancing the flavor and the juice yield of sweet orange via improving the absorption of N and K. Moreover, the long-term application of potassium sulfate has elevated the accumulation of sulfur in the soil and in leaves; it is becoming a potential risk factor for citrus production. Taken together, the application of Cl-containing fertilizer in sweet orange is feasible, and trace absorbance of Cl could improve the yield and fruit quality of sweet orange.
Genome-Wide Analysis of NF-Y Genes in Potato and Functional Identification of StNF-YC9 in Drought Tolerance
Authors: Li Shigui , Zhang Ning , Zhu Xi , Ma Rui , Liu Shengyan , Wang Xiao , Yang Jiangwei , Si Huaijun
Published: October 2021

The nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) family is comprised of transcription factors that have been implicated in multiple plant biological processes. However, little is known about this family in potato. In the present study, a total of 41 StNF-Y genes were identified in the potato genome. In addition, the phylogenetic, gene structure, motif, and chromosomal location of this family were analyzed. The tissue expression profiles based on RNA-seq data showed that 27 StNF-Y genes had tissue-specific expression, while the remaining 14 had low expression in all tissues. Publicly available transcriptomics data from various abiotic stresses revealed several stress-responsive StNF-Y genes, which were further verified via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments. Furthermore, the StNF-YC9 gene was highly induced by dehydration and drought treatments. StNF-YC9 protein was mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane. Overexpressing StNF-YC9 potato lines (OxStNF-YC9) had significantly increased in root length and exhibited stronger stomatal closure in potato treated by polyethylene-glycol and abscisic acid. In addition, OxStNF-YC9 lines had higher photosynthetic rates and decreased water loss under short-term drought stress compared to wild-type plants. During long-term drought stress, OxStNF-YC9 lines had higher proline levels, lower malondialdehyde content, and increased activity of several antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. This study increased our understanding of the StNF-Y gene and suggested that StNF-YC9 played an important role in drought tolerance by increased the photosynthesis rate, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline accumulation coupled to lowered malondialdehyde accumulation in potato.
Creating High-Resolution Microscopic Cross-Section Images of Hardwood Species Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Lopes Dercilio Junior Verly , Monti Gustavo Fardin , Burgreen Greg W. , Moulin Jordão Cabral , dos Santos Bobadilha Gabrielly , Entsminger Edward D. , Oliveira Ramon Ferreira
Published: October 2021

Microscopic wood identification plays a critical role in many economically important areas in wood science. Historically, producing and curating relevant and representative microscopic cross-section images of wood species is limited to highly experienced and trained anatomists. This manuscript demonstrates the feasibility of generating synthetic microscopic cross-sections of hardwood species. We leveraged a publicly available dataset of 119 hardwood species to train a style-based generative adversarial network (GAN). The proposed GAN generated anatomically accurate cross-section images with remarkable fidelity to actual data. Quantitative metrics corroborated the capacity of the generative model in capturing complex wood structure by resulting in a Fréchet inception distance score of 17.38. Image diversity was calculated using the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM). The SSIM results confirmed that the GAN approach can successfully synthesize diverse images. To confirm the usefulness and realism of the GAN generated images, eight professional wood anatomists in two experience levels participated in a visual Turing test and correctly identified fake and actual images at rates of 48.3 and 43.7%, respectively, with no statistical difference when compared to random guess. The generative model can synthesize realistic, diverse, and meaningful high-resolution microscope cross-section images that are virtually indistinguishable from real images. Furthermore, the framework presented may be suitable for improving current deep learning models, helping understand potential breeding between species, and may be used as an educational tool.
A Lognormal Ipsative Model for Multidimensional Compositional Items
Authors: Chen Chia-Wen , Wang Wen-Chung , Mok Magdalena Mo Ching , Scherer Ronny
Published: October 2021

Compositional items – a form of forced-choice items – require respondents to allocate a fixed total number of points to a set of statements. To describe the responses to these items, the Thurstonian item response theory (IRT) model was developed. Despite its prominence, the model requires that items composed of parts of statements result in a factor loading matrix with full rank. Without this requirement, the model cannot be identified, and the latent trait estimates would be seriously biased. Besides, the estimation of the Thurstonian IRT model often results in convergence problems. To address these issues, this study developed a new version of the Thurstonian IRT model for analyzing compositional items – the lognormal ipsative model (LIM) – that would be sufficient for tests using items with all statements positively phrased and with equal factor loadings. We developed an online value test following Schwartz’s values theory using compositional items and collected response data from a sample size of N = 512 participants with ages from 13 to 51 years. The results showed that our LIM had an acceptable fit to the data, and that the reliabilities exceeded 0.85. A simulation study resulted in good parameter recovery, high convergence rate, and the sufficient precision of estimation in the various conditions of covariance matrices between traits, test lengths and sample sizes. Overall, our results indicate that the proposed model can overcome the problems of the Thurstonian IRT model when all statements are positively phrased and factor loadings are similar.
How Does Group Climate Foster or Hinder Employee Voice? A Cross-Level Examination
Authors: Qian Xiaoye , Li Qian , Wang Jue , Gong Shiyang , Zhou Hao
Published: October 2021

Although empirical evidence has accumulated showing that group climate has a significant impact on employee voice, knowledge about how different types of climates may influence voice is limited. Drawing upon the theory of planned behavior, we develop and test a model that explains whether and how the two group climates, cooperation and sanction, differentially predict employee promotive and prohibitive voice. We test the hypotheses using data collected from a sample of 274 full-time employees nested in 58 workgroups across two time periods. The empirical results show that group climate predicts employee voice in different ways: Group cooperation climate has a positive effect on both types of employee voice, whereas group sanction climate shows a negative effect on promotive voice. Individuals’ psychological capital is a cross-level mediator in the relationship between group climate and employee voice. Employees’ prevention focus negatively moderates the relationship between psychological capital and employee voice. These results highlight the important effect of group climate on employee voice in organization and calls on managers to create a favorable environment to increase employees’ psychological capital and voice behaviors.
The Predictive Power of Spatial Relational Reasoning Models: A New Evaluation Approach
Authors: Ragni Marco , Brand Daniel , Riesterer Nicolas
Published: October 2021

In the last few decades, cognitive theories for explaining human spatial relational reasoning have increased. Few of these theories have been implemented as computational models, however, even fewer have been compared computationally to each other. A computational model comparison requires, among other things, a still missing quantitative benchmark of core spatial relational reasoning problems. By presenting a new evaluation approach, this paper addresses: (1) developing a benchmark including raw data of participants, (2) reimplementation, adaptation, and extension of existing cognitive models to predict individual responses, and (3) a thorough evaluation of the cognitive models on the benchmark data. The paper shifts the research focus of cognitive modeling from reproducing aggregated response patterns toward assessing the predictive power of models for the individual reasoner. It demonstrate that not all psychological effects can discern theories. We discuss implications for modeling spatial relational reasoning.
Can Habits Impede Creativity by Inducing Fixation?
Authors: Ibáñez de Aldecoa Paula , de Wit Sanne , Tebbich Sabine
Published: October 2021

In a competitive and ever-changing world, the ability to generate outstanding ideas is crucial. However, this process can be impeded by factors such as fixation on ideas that emerged through prior experience. The aim of the present study was to shed light on the fixating effect of habits on creativity. To this end, healthy young adults were asked to generate alternative uses for items that differed in their frequency of use in the Alternative Uses Task (a standardized test for divergent thinking). We predicted that frequent past use of an item would lead to the formation of stimulus-response associations between the item and its most frequent use(s) and thereby hinder idea generation. Indeed, individuals were less flexible (but more fluent) in generating ideas for frequently used items than for unknown items. Additionally, we found that subjective automaticity of idea generation was negatively related with flexibility. Finally, we investigated whether individual differences in general habit tendency influence creativity, by relating performance on the Slips-of-Action task (an outcome devaluation paradigm extensively used in habit research) to performance on the Alternative Uses Task, the Candle Problem (a classic convergent thinking task) and two puzzles (non-conventional problem-solving tasks). While we did not find a significant relationship between habit tendency and the Alternative Uses Task or the Candle Problem scores, the tendency to rely on habits predicted probability to succeed and latency to solve one of the puzzles: less habit-prone participants were more likely to solve it and to do so faster. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for the notion that habits can negatively impact creativity and opens promising future avenues of research in this field.
Ensuring Effective Public Health Communication: Insights and Modeling Efforts From Theories of Behavioral Economics, Heuristics, and Behavioral Analysis for Decision Making Under Risk
Authors: Edwards Darren J.
Published: October 2021

Public health (PH) messaging can have an enormous impact on shaping how individuals within society behave, and can ensure it is in a safe and responsible way, consistent with up-to-date evidence-based PH guidelines. If done effectively, messaging can save lives and improve the health of those within society. However, unfortunately, those within Government PH bodies typically have little training about how to effectively represent PH messages in a way that is consistent with psychological theories of cognitive bias, in order to avoid cognitively biasing the public through their messages. As a result of this, inadequate representation of PH messages can result, which can often lead to cognitive bias in those from the public who read or listen to the message information. This can lead to poor decision making of the pubic as a whole, which can then further lead to harm and even death of public members as a result of these poor decisions. One way to minimize the problem of bias in decision making is to explore psychology theories that model how bias can occur from PH messaging, and identify ways in which PH agencies can utilize such approaches to improve the effectiveness of their messages. Previous focus has been largely on behavioral economic theories, however, here, other accounts are offered in addition to these. These include theories of heuristics and theories from the behavior analysis domain, which may increase the predictive power of modeling bias, and have applications for how best to represent PH message information which minimize bias.
Trends of Acupuncture Therapy on Depression From 2011 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Xiang Hongchun , Li Jing , Li Bocun , Tan Qian , Cai Guowei
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the current status and trends of acupuncture for depression in the last decade and provide new insights for researchers in future studies.

Methods: The articles regarding acupuncture treatment for depression published between 2011 and 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. We used CiteSpace to analyze data on publications, countries, institutions, cited journals, cited authors, cited references, keywords, and citation bursts about acupuncture and depression.

Results: A total of 1,032 publications were obtained from 2011 to 2020. We identified the most prolific journals, countries, institutions, and authors in the field of acupuncture for depression in the last decade. The most prolific country and institutions were the People's Republic of China and KyungHee University, respectively. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the most prolific and cited journal. The author with the highest centrality was Zhangjin Zhang, and the author with the most publications was Park Hi-Joon. The keyword “cognitive behavioral therapy” was first for research developments with the highest citation burst. The five hot topics in acupuncture on depression were “acupuncture,” “depression,” “electro-acupuncture,” “quality of life,” and “anxiety.”

Conclusions: The results from this bibliometric study provide insight into the research trends in acupuncture therapy for depression, and the current status and trends of the past decade, which may help researchers determine the current status, hotspots, and frontier trends in this field.
Cognitive Strategies and Textual Genres in the Teaching and Evaluation of Advanced Reading Comprehension (ARC)
Authors: García-Sánchez Jesús-Nicasio , García-Martín Judit
Published: October 2021

In the last decade, published data on the performance of Colombian students have concerned educators and researchers, making critical reading one of the priorities of Colombian education. That is why this article presents the results of a study carried out in a Latin American university in which the perceptions of students and professors are analyzed regarding the strategies and textual genres used to work and cross-evaluate the advanced reading comprehension (ARC). This study is materialized in the application of an ad hoc online questionnaire, in its two versions (students and teachers), designed through Survey Monkey. For this, it has the participation of 182 teachers and 2,775 students. There are several trends in the use of specific textual strategies and typologies to work and evaluate ARC, by both, depending on the department of assignment. The evidence found is provided and evaluated considering the implications for cross-curricular instruction and assessment in higher education in Latin America, including study limitations and prospects for overcoming them.
ERP Correlates of Altered Orthographic-Phonological Processing in Dyslexia
Authors: Varga Vera , Tóth Dénes , Amora Kathleen Kay , Czikora Dávid , Csépe Valéria
Published: October 2021

Automatic visual word recognition requires not only well-established phonological and orthographic representations but also efficient audio-visual integration of these representations. One possibility is that in developmental dyslexia, inefficient orthographic processing might underlie poor reading. Alternatively, reading deficit could be due to inefficient phonological processing or inefficient integration of orthographic and phonological information. In this event-related potential study, participants with dyslexia (N = 25) and control readers (N = 27) were presented with pairs of words and pseudowords in an implicit same-different task. The reference-target pairs could be identical, or different in the identity or the position of the letters. To test the orthographic-phonological processing, target stimuli were presented in visual-only and audiovisual conditions. Participants with and without dyslexia processed the reference stimuli similarly; however, group differences emerged in the processing of target stimuli, especially in the audiovisual condition where control readers showed greater N1 responses for words than for pseudowords, but readers with dyslexia did not show such difference. Moreover, after 300 ms lexicality effect exhibited a more focused frontal topographic distribution in readers with dyslexia. Our results suggest that in developmental dyslexia, phonological processing and audiovisual processing deficits are more pronounced than orthographic processing deficits.
A Tale of Three Platforms: Investigating Preschoolers’ Second-Order Inferences Using In-Person, Zoom, and Lookit Methodologies
Authors: Lapidow Elizabeth , Tandon Tushita , Goddu Mariel , Walker Caren M.
Published: October 2021

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, online methodologies for developmental research have become an essential norm. Already, there are numerous options for recruiting and testing developmental participants, and they differ from each other in a variety of ways. While recent research has discussed the potential benefits and practical trade-offs of these different platforms, the potential empirical consequences of choosing among them are still unknown. It is critical for the field to understand not only how children’s performance in an online context compares to traditional settings, but also how it differs across online platforms. This study offers the first comparative look at the same developmental task across different online research methodologies, allowing for direct comparison and critical examination of each. We conducted three versions of a test of preschoolers’ ability to generate and apply second-order inferences to predict novel outcomes. Experiment 1 is an in-person task conducted at public testing sites in the vicinity of the university. In Experiment 2, we conducted an online-moderated version of the same task, in which an experimenter presented a recording of the procedure during a live video call with families over Zoom. Finally, Experiment 3 is an online-unmoderated version of the task, in which the same videos were presented entirely asynchronously using the Lookit platform. Results suggest that online methodologies may introduce difficulties and age-related differences in young children’s performance not observed in person. We consider these results in light of the previous online developmental replications, suggest possible interpretations, and offer initial recommendations to help future developmental scientists make informed choices about whether and how to conduct their research online.
Experiences of Self-Criticism and Self-Compassion in People Diagnosed With Cancer: A Multimethod Qualitative Study
Authors: Austin Judith , Drossaert Constance H. C. , Sanderman Robbert , Schroevers Maya J. , Bohlmeijer Ernst T.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Self-criticism is a self-condemning and self-compassion a supportive style of self-to-self relating. These concepts have increasingly been studied in people with cancer, but mainly with quantitative studies. This study is the first to explore how adult cancer patients experience self-criticism and self-compassion in the context of their illness.

Design: A multimethod qualitative study design was used, combining individual and group semi-structured interviews. Participants were 26 people with cancer who familiarized themselves with the topic by doing various self-compassion exercises for 2 weeks prior to the interview. Individual and group interviews were analyzed together using thematic analysis.

Results: Four themes regarding self-criticism were identified: (1) being harsh or strict with yourself, (2) feeling guilty or angry, (3) feeling useless or like a burden, (4) feeling ashamed and not wanting to show weakness. Six themes regarding self-compassion were identified: (1) being mild to yourself, (2) guarding your boundaries, (3) accepting the illness and limitations, (4) maintaining a positive perspective, (5) connecting to others, and (6) taking responsibility for your health.

Conclusion: Our findings offer insights into practical and daily life experiences of self-criticism and self-compassion of people with cancer, which can aid the further development of theory, scales and interventions.
Sport-Related Affective Benefits for Teenagers Are Getting Greater as They Approach Adulthood: A Large-Scale French Investigation
Authors: Carton Annie , Barbry Alexis , Coquart Jérémy , Ovigneur Hervé , Amoura Camille , Orosz Gabor
Published: October 2021

The present investigation examined how sports club membership is related to adolescents’ daily negative and positive affects as they age. Robust prior results demonstrated that sports club membership is positively related to positive affect and negatively related to negative affect. However, surprisingly, no prior studies examined whether these benefits are consistently present throughout the teenage years or there are certain critical periods when teenagers can affectively profit more from being members of a sports club. The present cross-sectional investigation examined these questions on a comprehensive sample of French adolescents (N=17,337, female=7,604, aged between 10 and 18, Mage=12.45years, SDage=1.94years). Besides the expected affective benefits of a sports club membership, there was no interaction between age and negative affect. However, late adolescents reported greater daily positive affective benefits of sports club membership than early adolescents. These results suggest that late adolescents can use the extra affective benefits of sports club membership to gain advantages for the first steps of their adult life, such as coping with career start or transition to higher education. These results can provide guidelines for future studies to prioritize late adolescents with heightened positive sport-related affective benefits. It can also be useful information to promote sport among late adolescents.
How Does Job Insecurity Affect Workplace Harassment? The Interaction Effect of Hypercompetitive Attitude, Coworker Impression Management, and Leader Narcissism
Authors: Song Geunhye
Published: October 2021

With concerns that artificial intelligence may replace existing jobs, job insecurity is becoming more prevalent. In-depth study of how job insecurity affects our society has become an important research topic. This study investigates the internal mechanisms through which such job insecurity influences workplace harassment. Based on the theories of psychological contract breach and the conservation of resources, this study proposes an indirect effect of job insecurity and a three-way moderation effect of hypercompetitive attitude, perceived coworker impression management, and leader narcissism on aggression intention. Using survey data from 286 employees in South Korea, bootstrapping analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and a slope-difference test were performed to confirm the mediation and moderation effects. The results showed that hypercompetitive attitude mediates the association between job insecurity and aggression intention. The three-way interaction effect was also confirmed, such that the interaction effect of hypercompetitive attitude and coworker impression management is only effective when leader narcissism is high. This study contributes to the literature and business practices by offering significant suggestions to aid a more in-depth understanding of the workplace harassment occurrence process.
An Understanding of Implicit Followership Toward New Employees' Self-Efficacy: The Mediating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Xue-Jun
Published: October 2021

Under turbulent, boundaryless, and Internet age, the characteristics of career sustainability development have shifted from the perspective of development within the organization to the career development track of self-efficacy. New employees usually face the difficult stage of adapting to the new environment and establishing interpersonal relationships with new colleagues. When new employees enter an organization, they usually have different implicit followership cognitions. Previous studies have focused on the treatment of new employees by the organization and the leader, however, the implicit followership cognitive state of new employees has not been studied specifically. This research integrates employees' positive and negative implicit followership, perceived supervisor support, workplace friendship, and perceived self-efficacy into a research framework. This study used a questionnaire survey by an online professional survey website. A total of 394 valid questionnaires were collected. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was carried out and according to the results, new employees' positive and negative implicit followership significantly affects perceived supervisor support. Furthermore, perceived supervisor support had a significant impact on perceived self-efficacy. Moreover, perceived supervisor support was found in a mediating role between the relationship of implicit followership theories and perceived self-efficacy. Finally, workplace friendship was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between perceived supervisor support and perceived self-efficacy. Based on the research results, business managers are suggested to pay more attention to new employees' self-cognition of their job roles and enhance the self-efficacy of new employees in the entry stage.
On the Use of Heterogeneous Stock Mice to Map Transcriptomes Associated With Excessive Ethanol Consumption
Authors: Hitzemann Robert , Lockwood Denesa R. , Ozburn Angela R. , Phillips Tamara J.
Published: October 2021

We and many others have noted the advantages of using heterogeneous (HS) animals to map genes and gene networks associated with both behavioral and non-behavioral phenotypes. Importantly, genetically complex Mus musculus crosses provide substantially increased resolution to examine old and new relationships between gene expression and behavior. Here we report on data obtained from two HS populations: the HS/NPT derived from eight inbred laboratory mouse strains and the HS-CC derived from the eight collaborative cross inbred mouse strains that includes three wild-derived strains. Our work has focused on the genes and gene networks associated with risk for excessive ethanol consumption, individual variation in ethanol consumption and the consequences, including escalation, of long-term ethanol consumption. Background data on the development of HS mice is provided, including advantages for the detection of expression quantitative trait loci. Examples are also provided of using HS animals to probe the genes associated with ethanol preference and binge ethanol consumption.
Adapting Caring Contacts for Veterans in a Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Department: Results From a Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study
Authors: Landes Sara J. , Jegley Susan M. , Kirchner JoAnn E. , Areno John P. , Pitcock Jeffery A. , Abraham Traci H. , McBain Sacha A. , Singh R. Sonia , Bollinger Mary J. , Painter Jacob , Woods Jack A. , Curtis Nyssa D. , Jones Donald E. , Matarazzo Bridget B. , Reger Mark A. , Comtois Katherine Anne
Published: October 2021

Transitions in care, such as discharge from an emergency department (ED), are periods of increased risk for suicide and effective interventions that target these periods are needed. Caring Contacts is an evidence-based suicide prevention intervention that targets transitions, yet it has not been widely implemented. This pilot study adapted Caring Contacts for a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) ED setting and population, created an implementation toolkit, and piloted implementation and evaluation of effectiveness. To inform adaptation, qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders. Data were used by an advisory board comprised of stakeholders, experts, and veterans to make adaptations and develop an implementation planning guide to delineate steps needed to implement. Key decisions about how to adapt Caring Contacts included recipients, author, content, and the schedule for sending. Pilot implementation occurred at one VA ED. Caring Contacts involved sending patients at risk of suicide brief, non-demanding expressions of care. Program evaluation of the pilot used a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design to both pilot an implementation strategy and evaluate effectiveness of Caring Contacts. Evaluation included qualitative interviews with veteran patients during implementation. VA electronic health records were used to evaluate VA service utilization in the 6-month periods immediately before and after veterans were delivered their first Caring Contact. Hundred and seventy-five veterans were mailed Caring Contacts and the facility continued adoption after the pilot. Participants were positive about the intervention and reported feeling cared about and connected to VA as a result of receiving Caring Contacts. This project developed an implementation planning process that successfully implemented Caring Contacts at one site. This can be used to further implement Caring Contacts at additional VA or community EDs.
Barriers and Facilitators of Access to Psychological Services for Indigenous Populations: A Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Plessas Anna , Billot Moana W. , Tamatea Armon , Medvedev Oleg N. , McCormack Jessica , Anderson Angelika
Published: October 2021

Background:The extent to which behavior-analytic interventions are offered to Indigenous populations across CANZUS in accessible and culturally appropriate ways is unknown. We conducted a scoping review with a thematic analysis of the extant literature to find: (1) what are the barriers and facilitators for providing effective and equitable delivery of psychological services (with a behavioral component) to Indigenous populations; and (2) what tools and practices exist for an effective and equitable service delivery.

Methods:We systematically reviewed Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of science, Ovid and INNZ databases between 1990 and 2020. For the scoping review, we adhered to the JBI methodological approach (2015) and the PRISMA strategy for the identification, selection, and appraisal of the reviewed articles. A total of 1265 unique articles met the criteria for the screening by title; 238 by abstract; 57 were included for full text assessment; and 37 were included in the final analysis.

Results:Three themes were revealed to account for the barriers and facilitators of culturally friendly practices: (1) connecting practices are about interactions shaping the relationship between service provider and service client; (2) innovative practices test new approaches and innovations that could facilitate access to psychological services and overcome barriers, and (3) reflective practices are about critically examining the processes and actions undertaken toward effective cultural adaptation of services.

Conclusions:Our analysis suggests that the level of success in bringing together services and the recipients of treatment (connection), showing flexibility and persistence in finding solutions (innovation) and examining the role of our behaviors in reaching our goals (reflection) is determined by the providers' action in the aforementioned three dimensions of practice.
An Overview of the Involvement of D-Serine in Cognitive Impairment in Normal Aging and Dementia
Authors: Orzylowski Magdalena , Fujiwara Esther , Mousseau Darrell D. , Baker Glen B.
Published: October 2021

Dementia, of which Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form, is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, including profound memory loss, which affects functioning in many aspects of life. Although cognitive deterioration is relatively common in aging and aging is a risk factor for AD, the condition is not necessarily a part of the aging process. The N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) and its co-agonist D-serine are currently of great interest as potential important contributors to cognitive function in normal aging and dementia. D-Serine is necessary for activation of the NMDAR and in maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) and is involved in brain development, neuronal connectivity, synaptic plasticity and regulation of learning and memory. In this paper, we review evidence, from both preclinical and human studies, on the involvement of D-serine (and the enzymes involved in its metabolism) in regulation of cognition. Potential mechanisms of action of D-serine are discussed in the context of normal aging and in dementia, as is the potential for using D-serine as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic agent in dementia. Although there is some controversy in the literature, it has been proposed that in normal aging there is decreased expression of serine racemase and decreased levels of D-serine and down-regulation of NMDARs, resulting in impaired synaptic plasticity and deficits in learning and memory. In contrast, in AD there appears to be activation of serine racemase, increased levels of D-serine and overstimulation of NMDARs, resulting in cytotoxicity, synaptic deficits, and dementia.