bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of C‐terminal and N‐terminal dimerization and alanine scanning on antibacterial activity of the analogs of the peptide p‐BthTX‐I
Authors: Santos‐Filho Norival Alves , Righetto Gabriela Marinho , Pereira Marina Rodrigues , Piccoli Julia Pinto , Almeida Larissa Mathias Teizen , Leal Thainá Cristina , Camargo Ilana Lopes Baratella Cunha , Cilli Eduardo Maffud
Published: September 2021

The peptide (p‐BthTX‐I)2 [(KKYRYHLKPFCKK)2] and its analog des‐Lys12,Lys13‐(p‐BthTX‐I)2 [(KKYRYHLKPFC)2] showed activity against bacteria and potential specificity against prokaryotic cells. In this study, we synthesized the peptide des‐Cys11,Lys12,Lys13‐(p‐BthTX‐I)2K [(KKYRYHLKPF)2K] with a Lys instead of a Cys residue in the dimerization step, beginning the SPPS with Fmoc‐Lys(Fmoc)‐OH. This change avoided Cys oxidation, decreasing one step in the original peptide synthesis and obtaining a smaller and more stable peptide. The antimicrobial activity of the peptide des‐Cys11,Lys12,Lys13‐(p‐BthTX‐I)2K was superior to that of the (p‐BthTX‐I)2 peptide against the bacterial strains tested. Additionally, to evaluate the impact of the linker position on peptide dimerization, we synthesized peptide E(p‐BthTX‐I)2 [E(KKYRYHLKPFCKK)2] using Fmoc‐Glu‐OH at the end of the synthesis. This N‐terminal dimeric peptide did not increase the antibacterial activity, indicating that the free N‐terminal is essential for (p‐BthTX‐I)2 activity. Additionally, we observed lower antimicrobial activity by substituting positive and aromatic residues with Ala in the alanine scanning assay, irrespective of the amino acid change, indicating that each amino acid is essential for the mechanism of action of the peptide. Therefore, we demonstrated that the (p‐BthTX‐I)2 analog, which is shorter and synthesized by an easier process leading to a more stable peptide, is the most antibacterial active peptide against multidrug‐resistant bacteria and does not increase hemolysis activity.
A fluorescent polyurethane foam based on rhodamine derivative as Fe(III) sensor in pure water
Authors: Chen Yinyan , Wu Yiban , Zhu Yifan , Tian Saiqi
Published: September 2021

Rhodamine salicylaldehyde was synthesized, and its structure was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR analysis as well as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Then a fluorescent polyurethane foam was obtained via incorporation of the prepared rhodamine salicylaldehyde, and the fluorescence sensing behavior for Fe3+ was systematically investigated. Results showed that the fluorescent polyurethane foam produced higher fluorescence in the presence of Fe3+ in pure water, due to the coordination for Fe3+ binding leading to ring‐opened amide form. The limit of detection was calculated to be 1.64 × 10−6 mol L–1. This fluorescent polyurethane foam can also recognize Fe3+ with good selectivity. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
An experimental study to identify key psychological mechanisms that promote and predict resilience in the aftermath of treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Gordon Rola , Fawson Sophie , Moss‐Morris Rona , Armes Jo , Hirsch Colette R.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Women living with and beyond breast cancer (BC) frequently encounter cancer‐related information in day‐to‐day life. The extent they are emotionally resilient to this information differs between women. Identifying key modifiable psychological mechanisms predicting resilience in these women could highlight targets for interventions to improve resilience in others. This study investigates resilience over time in women living beyond BC and how this relates to individual differences in the way the brain processes information.

Methods

Seventy women within a year of finishing first‐line treatment for BC (clinical and community recruitment) completed computerised tasks to assess the tendency to attend to cancer information (dot‐probe task), the tendency to draw negative cancer‐related interpretations from ambiguous information (ambiguous scenarios task) and extent of executive functioning (attentional network task). Questionnaires were completed assessing resilience, and other clinically relevant psychological variables (fear of cancer recurrence, distress, quality of life, and worry) at the time of the laboratory tasks (T1) and again 6 months later (T2).

Results

The only cognitive process associated with self‐reported resilience was interpretation bias. Generating more negative cancer‐related interpretations of ambiguous information at T1 significantly predicted resilience at T2, whilst controlling for T1 resilience and other clinically relevant variables. Furthermore, resilience scores were relatively stable over time and moderately correlated with other clinically relevant variables.

Conclusions

This study is the first to identify a key cognitive mechanism that predicts resilience in women living beyond BC. This finding suggests interventions to reduce cancer‐related interpretations of ambiguous information could promote resilience in women living beyond BC.
The evolution of the antimicrobial peptide database over 18 years: Milestones and new features
Authors: Wang Guangshun , Zietz C. Michael , Mudgapalli Ashok , Wang Shuona , Wang Zhe
Published: September 2021

The antimicrobial peptide database (APD) has served the antimicrobial peptide field for 18 years. Because it is widely used in research and education, this article documents database milestones and key events that have transformed it into the current form. A comparison is made for the APD peptide statistics between 2010 and 2020, validating the major database findings to date. We also describe new additions ranging from peptide entries to search functions. Of note, the APD also contains antimicrobial peptides from host microbiota, which are important in shaping immune systems and could be linked to a variety of human diseases. Finally, the database has been re‐programmed to the web branding and latest security compliance of the University of Nebraska Medical Center. The reprogrammed APD can be accessed at https://aps.unmc.edu.
Python‐based Helix Indexer: A graphical user interface program for finding symmetry of helical assembly through Fourier–Bessel indexing of electron microscopic data
Authors: Zhang Xuewu
Published: September 2021

Many macromolecules form helical assemblies to carry out their functions. Helical reconstruction from electron microscopic images is a powerful approach for solving high‐resolution structures of such assemblies. Determination of the symmetry parameters of the helical assemblies is a prerequisite step in helical reconstruction. The most widely used method for deducing the symmetry is through Fourier–Bessel indexing the diffraction pattern of the helical assemblies. This method, however, often leads to incorrect solutions, due to intrinsic ambiguities in indexing helical diffraction patterns. Here, we present Python‐based Helix Indexer (PyHI), which provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to guide the users through the process of symmetry determination. Diffraction patterns can be read into the program directly or calculated on the fly from two‐dimensional class averages of helical assemblies. PyHI allows deducing the Bessel orders of diffraction peaks by using both the amplitudes and phases of the diffraction data. Based on the Bessel orders of two unit vectors, the Fourier space lattice is constructed with minimal user inputs. The program then uses a refinement algorithm to optimize the Fourier space lattice, and subsequently generate the helical assembly in real space. The program provides both a publication‐quality graphic representation of the helical assembly and the symmetry parameters required for subsequent helical reconstruction steps.
Cosmological Models with Big Rip and Pseudo Rip Scenarios in Extended Theory of Gravity
Authors: Ray Pratik P , Tarai Sankarsan , Mishra B. , Tripathy S. K.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we have presented the big rip and pseudo rip cosmological models in an extended theory of gravity. The matter field is considered to be that of perfect fluid. The geometrical parameters are adjusted in such a manner that it matches the prescriptions given by cosmological observations, to be specific to the H0 range. The models favour phantom behaviour. The violation of strong energy conditions are shown in both the models, as it has become essential in an extended gravity theory to provide late time cosmic acceleration. We show that, the choice of the coupling parameter has significant effects on the evolution of the universe.
ANOVA‐particle swarm optimization‐based feature selection and gradient boosting machine classifier for improved protein–protein interaction prediction
Authors: Mahapatra Satyajit , Sahu Sitanshu Sekhar
Published: September 2021

Feature fusion and selection strategies have been applied to improve accuracy in the prediction of protein–protein interaction (PPI). In this paper, an embedded feature selection framework is developed by integrating a cost function based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the particle swarm optimization (PSO), termed AVPSO. Initially, the features of the protein sequences extracted using pseudo‐amino acid composition (PseAAC), conjoint triad composition, and local descriptor are fused. Then, AVPSO is employed to select the optimal set of features. The light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) classifier is used to predict the PPIs using the optimal feature subset. On the five‐fold cross‐validation analysis, the proposed model (AVPSO‐LGBM) achieved an average accuracy of 97.12% and 95.09%, respectively, on the intraspecies PPI datasets Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Helicobacter pylori. On the interspecies, PPI datasets of the Human‐Bacillus and Human‐Yersinia, an average accuracy of 95.20% and 93.44%, are achieved. Results obtained on independent test datasets, and network datasets show that the prediction accuracy of the AVPSO‐LGBM is better than the existing methods, demonstrating its generalization ability. The improved prediction performance obtained by the proposed model makes it a reliable and effective PPI prediction model.
Optical and Structural Properties of Mn4+‐Activated (ZnxMg1–x)2TiO4 Red Phosphors
Authors: Borkovska Lyudmyla , Stara Tetyana , Vorona Igor , Nosenko Valentyna , Gudymenko Oleksandr , Kladko Vasyl , Kozoriz Kostiantyn , Labbé Christophe , Cardin Julien , Doualan Jean-Louis , Kryshtab Tetyana
Published: September 2021

A report on optical and structural investigations of Mn4+‐activated (ZnxMg1–x)2TiO4 red phosphors by X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), and electron paramagnetic resonance methods is provided. The phosphors of Mg2TiO4, Zn2TiO4 and solid solutions (ZnxMg1–x)2TiO4 (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) with manganese content of 0.1 mol% are synthesized at temperatures in the range of 800–1200 °C via solid state reaction. Formation of solid solutions of inverse spinel structure demonstrates the features similar to both the Mg2TiO4 and Zn2TiO4, i.e., decomposition of the (Zn,Mg)2TiO4 on the (Zn,Mg)TiO3 and MgO and separation of the secondary ZnO phase, respectively. These processes depend on the composition of solid solution and sintering temperature, and for some regimes, the single‐phase phosphor can be obtained. The largest intensity of Mn4+ red PL is found in the Mn‐doped (Zn0.25Mg0.75)2TiO4 phosphor sintered at 1100 °C and it is 2 times larger than those in similar Mn4+‐activated Mg2TiO4 phosphor. The differences in the PL intensity of the phosphors of solid solutions are explained by different PL thermal quenching as well as by competing processes of Mn incorporation in +2 and +4 charge states in zinc–magnesium titanate crystal lattice.
The clinical use of curcumin on neurological disorders: An updated systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Mohseni Maryam , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Askari Gholamreza , Johnston Thomas P. , Alikiaii Babak , Bagherniya Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Neuroprotective effects of curcumin have been shown in previous studies. This updated systematic review of clinical trials aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin on neurological disorders. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify clinical trials investigating the effects of curcumin/turmeric supplements alone, or in combination with other ingredients, on neurological diseases. Nineteen studies comprising 1,130 patients met the inclusion criteria. Generally, intervention and study outcomes were heterogeneous. In most of the studies, curcumin had a favorable effect on oxidative stress and inflammation. However, with the exception of AD, curcumin supplementation either alone, or in combination with other ingredients, had beneficial effects on clinical outcomes for the other aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the frequency, severity, and duration of migraine attacks, scores on the revised ALS functional rating scale, and the occurrence of motor complications in PD were all significantly improved with curcumin supplementation either alone or in combination with other ingredients. However, in three studies, several adverse side effects (mostly gastrointestinal in nature) were reported. Curcumin supplementation may have favorable effects on inflammatory status and clinical outcomes of patients with neurological disease, although the results were not consistent.
Quercetin and its role in modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress: A review
Authors: Eisvand Farhad , Tajbakhsh Amir , Seidel Veronique , Zirak Mohammad Reza , Tabeshpour Jamshid , Shakeri Abolfazl
Published: September 2021

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the place where proteins and lipids are biosynthesized and where transmembrane proteins are folded. Both pathological and physiological situations may disturb the function of the ER, resulting in ER stress. Under stress conditions, the cells initiate a defensive procedure known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Cases of severe stress lead to autophagy and/or the induction of cell apoptosis. Many studies implicate ER stress as a major factor contributing to many diseases. Therefore, the modulation of ER stress pathways has become an attractive therapeutic target. Quercetin is a plant‐derived metabolite belonging to the flavonoids class which presents a range of beneficial effects including anti‐inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti‐oxidant, anti‐obesity, anti‐carcinogenic, anti‐atherosclerotic, anti‐diabetic, anti‐hypercholesterolemic, and anti‐apoptotic activities. Quercetin also has anti‐cancer activity, and can be used as an adjuvant to decrease resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Furthermore, the effect of quercetin can be increased with the help of nanotechnology. This review discusses the role of quercetin in the modulation of ER stress (and related diseases) and provides novel evidence for the beneficial use of quercetin in therapy.
Probability bound analysis: A novel approach for quantifying parameter uncertainty in decision‐analytic modeling and cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Iskandar Rowan
Published: September 2021

Decisions about health interventions are often made using limited evidence. Mathematical models used to inform such decisions often include uncertainty analysis to account for the effect of uncertainty in the current evidence base on decision‐relevant quantities. However, current uncertainty quantification methodologies, including probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), require modelers to specify a precise probability distribution to represent the uncertainty of a model parameter. This study introduces a novel approach for representing and propagating parameter uncertainty, probability bounds analysis (PBA), where the uncertainty about the unknown probability distribution of a model parameter is expressed in terms of an interval bounded by lower and upper bounds on the unknown cumulative distribution function (p‐box) and without assuming a particular form of the distribution function. We give the formulas of the p‐boxes for common situations (given combinations of data on minimum, maximum, median, mean, or standard deviation), describe an approach to propagate p‐boxes into a black‐box mathematical model, and introduce an approach for decision‐making based on the results of PBA. We demonstrate the characteristics and utility of PBA vs PSA using two case studies. In sum, this study provides modelers with practical tools to conduct parameter uncertainty quantification given the constraints of available data and with the fewest assumptions.
Catalyzing Bond‐Dissociation in Graphene via Alkali‐Iodide Molecules
Authors: Vats Nilesh , Negi Devendra S. , Singh Deobrat , Sigle Wilfried , Abb Sabine , Sen Suman , Szilagyi Sven , Ochner Hannah , Ahuja Rajeev , Kern Klaus , Rauschenbach Stephan , van Aken Peter A.
Published: September 2021

Atomic design of a 2D‐material such as graphene can be substantially influenced by etching, deliberately induced in a transmission electron microscope. It is achieved primarily by overcoming the threshold energy for defect formation by controlling the kinetic energy and current density of the fast electrons. Recent studies have demonstrated that the presence of certain species of atoms can catalyze atomic bond dissociation processes under the electron beam by reducing their threshold energy. Most of the reported catalytic atom species are single atoms, which have strong interaction with single‐layer graphene (SLG). Yet, no such behavior has been reported for molecular species. This work shows by experimentally comparing the interaction of alkali and halide species separately and conjointly with SLG, that in the presence of electron irradiation, etching of SLG is drastically enhanced by the simultaneous presence of alkali and iodine atoms. Density functional theory and first principles molecular dynamics calculations reveal that due to charge‐transfer phenomena the CC bonds weaken close to the alkali‐iodide species, which increases the carbon displacement cross‐section. This study ascribes pronounced etching activity observed in SLG to the catalytic behavior of the alkali‐iodide species in the presence of electron irradiation.
Synergistic Dissociation‐and‐Trapping Effect to Promote Li‐Ion Conduction in Polymer Electrolytes via Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Song Yongli , Yang Luyi , Li Jiawen , Zhang Mingzheng , Wang Yaohui , Li Shunning , Chen Shiming , Yang Kai , Xu Kang , Pan Feng
Published: September 2021

Despite their promised safety and mechanical flexibility, solvent‐free polymer electrolytes suffer from low Li‐ion conductivities due to poor dissociation of conducting salts and low Li+‐transference numbers due to Li+‐trapping by ether‐linkages. In this work, the authors found that oxygen vacancies carried by nanosized Al2O3 fillers preferentially promotes Li+‐conduction in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). These vacancies and free electrons therein, whose concentration can be tuned, effectively break up the ion pairs by weakening the Coulombic attraction within them, while simultaneously interacting with the anions, thus preferentially constraining the movement of anions. This synergistic dissociation‐and‐trapping effect leads to the significant and selective improvement in Li‐ion conductivity. Solid state batteries built on such PEO‐based electrolytes exhibits superior performance at high current density. This discovery reveals a molecular‐level rationale for the long‐observed phenomenon that certain inorganic nano‐fillers improve ion conduction in PEO, and provides a universal approach to tailor superior polymer‐based electrolytes for the next generation solid‐state batteries.
High Performance Air Breathing Flexible Lithium–Air Battery
Authors: Jaradat Ahmad , Zhang Chengji , Singh Sachin Kumar , Ahmed Junaid , Ahmadiparidari Alireza , Majidi Leily , Rastegar Sina , Hemmat Zahra , Wang Shuxi , Ngo Anh T. , Curtiss Larry A. , Daly Matthew , Subramanian Arunkumar , Salehi‐khojin Amin
Published: September 2021

Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries possess the highest theoretical energy density (3500 Wh kg−1), which makes them attractive candidates for modern electronics and transportation applications. In this work, an inexpensive, flexible, and wearable Li–O2 battery based on the bifunctional redox mediator of InBr3, MoS2 cathode catalyst, and Fomblin‐based oxygen permeable membrane that enable long‐cycle‐life operation of the battery in pure oxygen, dry air, and ambient air is designed, fabricated, and tested. The battery operates in ambient air with an open system air‐breathing architecture and exhibits excellent cycling up to 240 at the high current density of 1 A g−1 with a relative humidity of 75%. The electrochemical performance of the battery including deep‐discharge capacity, and rate capability remains almost identical after 1000 cycle in a bending fatigue test. This finding opens a new direction for utilizing high performance Li–O2 batteries for applications in the field of flexible and wearable electronics.
Controllable Frontal Polymerization and Spontaneous Patterning Enabled by Phase‐Changing Particles
Authors: Gao Yuan , Dearborn Mason A. , Hemmer Julie , Wang Zhao , Esser‐Kahn Aaron P. , Geubelle Philippe H.
Published: September 2021

Frontal polymerization provides a rapid, economic, and environmentally friendly methodology to manufacture thermoset polymers and composites. Despite its efficiency and reduced environmental impact, the manufacturing method is underutilized due to the limited fundamental understanding of its dynamic control. This work reports the control and patterning of the front propagation in a dicyclopentadiene resin by immersion of phase‐changing polycaprolactone particles. Predictive and designed patterning is enabled by multiphysical numerical analyses, which reveal that the interplay between endothermic phase transition, exothermic chemical reaction, and heat exchange govern the temperature, velocity, and propagation path of the front via two different interaction regimes. To pattern the front, one can vary the size and spacing between the particles and increase the number of propagating fronts, resulting in tunable physical patterns formed due to front separation and merging near the particles. Both single‐ and double‐frontal polymerization experiments in an open mold are performed. The results confirm the front–particle interaction mechanisms and the shapes of the patterns explored numerically. The present study offers a fundamental understanding of frontal polymerization in the presence of heat‐absorbing second‐phase materials and proposes a potential one‐step manufacturing method for precisely patterned polymeric and composite materials without masks, molds, or printers.
Constructing a Resilient Hierarchical Conductive Network to Promote Cycling Stability of SiOx Anode via Binder Design
Authors: Song Zhibo , Chen Shiming , Zhao Yan , Xue Shida , Qian Guoyu , Fang Jianjun , Zhang Taohang , Long Chuanjiang , Yang Luyi , Pan Feng
Published: September 2021

Despite exhibiting high specific capacities, Si‐based anode materials suffer from poor cycle life as their volume change leads to the collapse of conductive network within the electrode. For this reason, the challenge lies in retaining the conductive network during electrochemical processes. Herein, to address this prominent issue, a cross‐linked conductive binder (CCB) is designed for commercially available silicon oxides (SiOx) anode to construct a resilient hierarchical conductive network from two aspects: on the one hand, exhibiting high electronic conductivity, CCB serves as an adaptive secondary conductive network in addition to the stiff primary conductive network (e.g., conductive carbon), facilitating faster interfacial charge transfer processes for SiOx in molecular level; on the other hand, the cross‐linked structure of CCB shows resilient mechanical properties, which maintains the integrity of the primary conductive network by preventing electrode deformation during prolonged cycling. With the aid of CCB, untreated micro‐sized SiOx anode material delivers an areal capacity of 2.1 mAh cm−2 after 250 cycles at 0.8 A g−1. The binder design strategy, as well as, the relevant concepts proposed herein, provide a new perspective toward promoting the cycling stability of high‐capacity Si‐based anodes.
Particle Integrity and Size Effect on the Journey of Polymeric Nanocarriers in Zebrafish Model and the Correlation with Mice
Authors: Tao Jinsong , Wei Zhengjie , Xu Meng , Xi Long , Cheng Yaxin , Lee Simon Ming‐Yuen , Ge Wei , Zheng Ying
Published: September 2021

Polymeric nanocarriers have high biocompatibility for potential drug delivery applications. After entering bloodstream, nanocarriers will circulate, interact with proteins, dissociate, or be cleared by reticuloendothelial system. Zebrafish as a visual animal model, can serve as a tool for screening nanomedicines and monitoring nanocarrier behaviors in vivo. However, a comprehensive correlation between zebrafish and rodent models is currently deficient. Here, different‐sized poly(caprolactone) nanocarriers (PCL NCs) are fabricated with or without PEGylation to investigate correlation between zebrafish and mice regarding their biofate via Förster resonance energy transfer technique. Results show that PEGylated PCL NCs have higher integrity in both zebrafish and mice. Small PEG‐PCL NCs have longer circulation, while large PEG‐PCL NCs have dramatically higher macrophage sequestration in zebrafish and mice spleen, leading to poor circulation. PCL NCs dissociate rapidly with less macrophage sequestration. Moreover, in 7 days postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish, polymers are eliminated via hepatobiliary pathway, which is not fully functional at earlier stages of development. The effects of nanocarrier integrity on macrophage sequestration in zebrafish and good correlation with mice spleen are pioneered to be demonstrated. The findings suggest that 7 dpf zebrafish are suitable as an in vivo screening model of nanocarriers and predict their biofate in rodents.
Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells with Ba Trace Doping: Large Chemical Mismatch Cation Incorporation
Authors: Guo Jiajia , Mao Yang , Zhang Zhaojing , Ao Jianping , Gao Qing , Han Yanchen , Cao Chun , Wang Weihuang , Liu Fangfang , Liu Wei , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2021

Being absent from larger mismatch of ionic radius and chemical coordination between the cations in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) can aggravate the formation of detrimental cation antisite defects and clusters with low formation energy, which results in a serious open‐circuit voltage deficit and a challenge for higher power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells. External cation doping or alloying is a more effective strategy to solve this issue. Herein, samples of trace Ba doping into CZTSSe are fabricated by the sol–gel method and the mechanism of such trace Ba doping are studied combined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The performance of CZTSSe solar cells is increased by 25.7% as 1% Ba is doped into CZTSSe to substitute Zn. The results highlight the roles of the trace Ba doping on the performance of CZTSSe solar cells, which is beneficial to the reduced formation of the detrimental defects and associated clusters. As a consequence, the bandgap fluctuations are reduced, which results in the improvement of V
OC and thus the performance of the solar cell. The cation substitution engineering with larger chemical mismatched alkaline‐earth metal cations provides insights for further improvement of CZTSSe solar cells based on earth abundant elements.
Oxide Scale Formation of EN 1.4622 and EN 1.4828 Stainless Steels during Annealing and Descaling Behavior in Neutral Electrolytic Pickling
Authors: Airaksinen Susanna , Tuovinen Teemu , Vuolio Tero , Laukka Aleksi , Heikkinen Eetu-Pekka , Riekki Elina , Fabritius Timo
Published: September 2021

Oxide scale formation during short‐term annealing and electrolytic pickling behavior of ferritic EN 1.4622 and austenitic EN 1.4828 stainless steels are investigated. The annealing is performed at temperatures between 1000 and 1100 °C for ferritic and 1100 and 1200 °C for austenitic steel grade under humid atmospheres in simulated industrial process. Neutral electrolytic pickling, also referred to as neutral electrochemical pickling or the Ruthner Neolyte Process, is performed in Na2SO4 electrolyte, and pickling efficiency is evaluated visually and by image analysis of pickled surfaces. The results show that annealing conditions have a more impactful effect on the structure and the composition of the resulting oxide in the austenitic grade within the studied condition range. The thicknesses of the ferritic scales are mainly less than 0.4 μm, while almost all austenitic scales are thicker than it. In addition, the amount of silicon oxide formation inside the steel matrix of the austenitic and ferritic grades is highly different. Longer exposure times and higher temperatures promote scale growth during annealing, resulting in inefficient electrolytic pickling for the ferritic grade. For the austenitic grade, almost all steel surfaces are still covered with oxide scale after electrolytic pickling.
Reliability assessment of mechatronic systems considering multi covariates with system topology
Authors: Lin Shuai , Jia Limin , Zhang Hengrun , Wang Yanhui
Published: September 2021

Reliability assessments of mechatronic systems, considering covariates, are becoming more complex not just as a result of the integration of more diverse technologies into such systems but also because of increasing complexities in system topology; but traditional reliability assessment models with covariates tend to ignore the influence of system topology. This paper addresses such an exclusion and proposes a novel methodology dedicated to the analysis and quantification of system reliability using system topology and multiple covariates. There are essentially two new aspects contributing to the overall methodology. Firstly, using network theory, the system topology is abstracted as a network; in which network nodes represent a mechatronic system's minimum maintenance units, and the connections between them are regarded as edges. Secondly, the resultant topological network is combined with the inherent properties of the minimum maintenance units to construct the system baseline hazard function and considering the associated multi covariates from the perspective of failure propagation to provide a foundation for assessing system reliability. To validate the proposed methodology, by way of a case study, it was applied to the reliability assessment of a traction power supply system for a high‐speed train. The results, compared with three other assessment approaches, suggest that the proposed methodology provides for significantly more accurate assessments while requiring less computational resources. Furthermore, it can be flexibly extended to many other mechatronic systems.
Bifurcation analysis of a class of generalized Hénon maps with hidden dynamics
Authors: Amoh Seiya , Zhang Xu , Chen Guanrong , Ueta Tetsushi
Published: September 2021

Although continuous systems such as the Chua circuit are known as systems with hidden attractors, hidden attractors also exist in classical discrete maps, such as a generalized Hénon map. A hidden attractor is an attractor that does not overlap with its own attracting region in its vicinity, which makes it difficult to visualize. In this paper, a local bifurcation analysis method for discrete maps is described, and the bifurcation analysis of the generalized Hénon map is performed using the method. The bifurcation structure, as the parameters are changed, shows a certain law, and the interesting Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and period‐doubling bifurcation are confirmed to occur simultaneously. It was also found that the hidden attractors exist in the rectangular characteristic chaotic regions, and they appear relatively frequently near the window of chaos. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Removal of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral markers through a water reclamation facility
Authors: Gharoon Niloufar , Dewan Aimee , Li Lin , Haak Laura , Mazurowski Lauren , Guarin Tatiana , Pagilla Krishna
Published: September 2021

There have been multiple reports of COVID‐19 virus, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA presence in influent wastewater of water reclamation facilities (WRFs) across the world. In this study, the removal of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was investigated in a WRF by collecting samples from various stages relayed to hydraulic retention time (HRT) and analyzed for viral RNA (N1 and N2) gene markers and wastewater characteristics. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in 28 out of 28 influent wastewater and primary effluent samples. Secondary effluent showed 4 out of 9 positive samples, and all tertiary and final effluent samples were below the detection limit for the viral markers. The reduction was significant (p value < 0.005, one‐way analysis of variance [ANOVA] test) in secondary treatment, ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 log10 removal. Adjusted N1 viral marker had a positive correlation with total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and ammonia concentrations (Spearman's ρ = 0.61, 0.67, and 0.53, respectively, p value < 0.05), while demonstrating a strongly negative correlation with HRT (Spearman's ρ = −0.58, p value < 0.01).

Practitioner points

Viral RNA was present in all samples taken from influent and primary effluent of a WRF.

SARS‐CoV‐2 gene marker was detected in secondary effluent in 4 out of 9 samples.

Tertiary and final effluent samples tested nondetect for SARS‐CoV‐2 gene markers.

Up to 0.5 and 2.0 log10 virus removal values were achieved by primary and secondary treatment, respectively.
Global distribution of forest classes and leaf biomass for use as alternative foods to minimize malnutrition
Authors: Fist Tim , Adesanya Adewale A. , Denkenberger David , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: September 2021

Due to the ready availability of tree leaves in many geographies, the alternative food of leaf concentrate currently has the potential to alleviate hunger in over 800 million people. It is therefore potentially highly impactful to determine the edibility of leaf concentrates, which are in the same regions as the world's most undernourished populations. Unfortunately, the toxicity of leaf concentrate for most common tree leaf types has not been screened and the cost of doing so demands a prioritization. This preliminary study explores this potential solution to world hunger by finding the forest classes most likely to offer proximate access to the world's hungry, thus providing the basis for a prioritized list of leaf types to screen for toxicity. Specifically, this study describes a novel methodology for mapping available green leaf biomass and corresponding forest classes (e.g., tropical moist deciduous forest), and their spatial relationship to the global distribution of people who are underweight. These results will be useful for developing a targeted list of tree species to conduct leaf toxicity analysis on, in the interest of developing leaves as an alternative food source for both current malnutrition problems and global catastrophic scenarios.
Ciência Viva—Promoting Marine Activities Around Lisbon: Self-Constructed Boats
Authors: Praça Gonçalo
Published: September 2021

Marine sports and activities for recreation, instruction, and tourism, among others, play a key role in increasing ocean literacy—the awareness of the mutual influence of ocean and human well-being.
Science Gallery Dublin—Open Mind: Improving Mental Health of Young People
Authors: D’Arcy Grace , Mariani Ilaria
Published: September 2021

To face the challenge of improving mental health and well-being with young people, Science Gallery Dublin initiates a high-school programme for mentorship among students. Involving academics, NGO’s, psychologists, parents, teachers, college and high-school students, ‘Open Mind’ intends to use hobbies and individual attitudes for favouring empowerment and the overall atmosphere of the school, also leading to a long-term increased well-being and fewer mental health issues.
TRACES—In 2030, Artificial Intelligences Will Visit Museums?
Authors: Merzagora Matteo , Ghilbert Aude , Meunier Axel
Published: September 2021

Within the SISCODE project, the science and society association TRACES, based in Paris, addresses the issue of making algorithms and artificial intelligence intelligible to their users. The project intends to raise awareness of algorithmic decision making in the citizen’s daily life through co-creation activities involving research, education, civic right organisations and policymaking. Within general cultural activities in an art-science, provocative approach, the issue has been addressed through an inversion of perspective, by analysing people’s relationship with AI when considering them as the target group of cultural productions.
Assessing Co-creation in Relation to Context for RRI Operationalisation
Authors: Rizzo Francesca , Deserti Alessandro
Published: September 2021

Pilot projects and experimentations, especially when conducted in restricted contexts, require assessment activities in order to determine not only their success or failure, but also to identify potential for replication, best practices and obstacles to be tackled in the future. In addition to this, monitoring and assessment have been a pressing issue both in the landscapes of co-creation and RRI, the two main fields that SISCODE operates within.
FabLab Barcelona—Co-design With Food Surplus: Better Redistributing, Upcycling and Composting
Authors: Real Marion , Pistofidou Anastasia , Juarez Calvos Milena
Published: September 2021

The chapter analyses a co-designed project in the food value chain. Looking at how to identify and stimulate new synergies among the local community in order to co-develop educational, logistic and environmental supports for better redistributing, upcycling and composting food locally, it critically presents the case of a Symbiotic System for food surplus and bio waste valorisation at a neighbourhood scale.
Maker—Plastic In, Plastic Out: Circular Economy and Local Production
Authors: Nørregård-Rasmussen Asger , Hertz-Jansen Malte , Schmittinger Felicitas
Published: September 2021

Recognising the lack of local and economically accessible facilities, technologies, and public engagement in local recycling, the chapter tackles the challenge of introducing Circular Economy to cope with plastic waste in Copenhagen. The need for circular systemic innovation and holistic production models for recycling plastics led to consider how local micro entrepreneurs, SMEs, commercial resellers and citizens can collaborate for a common, sustainable goal. The chapter presents ‘Plastic In, Plastic Out’ (PIPO), a Circular system for local sourcing, recycling and production of sustainable plastic building materials and products.
ThessAHALL—A Life-Long Learning Programme for the Social Inclusion of “Early-Stage” Older Adult Researchers
Authors: Mantziari Despoina , Konstantinidis Evdokimos , Petsani Despoina , Kyriakidis Nikolaos , Zilidou Vassiliki , Sidiropoulos Efstathios , Nikolaidou Maria , Katsouli Aikaterini-Marina , Bamidis Panagiotis
Published: September 2021

Aiming at limiting the risk of ageism & social exclusion of older adults in society, the Thess-AHALL looks at co-design and open science solutions for social inclusion for the ageing population.
Der Heros und die starken Frauen
Authors: Hagedorn Jennifer
Published: September 2021

This paper takes a critical look at how the first German translation of Homer – Simon Schaidenreisser’s Odyssea from the sixteenth century – deals with the identity-forming categories of gender and divinity. The shifts in power structures within these categories, which occur in the transcultural target language-oriented translation, are examined in an intersectional analysis. For this purpose, the translation is contrasted with the Latin translation of the Odyssey by Raphael Volaterranus (1534), Schaidenreisser’s direct source, as well as with Homer’s Greek source text. The subjects of this analysis are the two powerful, antagonistic, female divinities of the Odyssey: Circe and Calypso. The paper illustrates how the depiction of the goddesses is reshaped in the Early Modern cultural context of the translation and how power structures shift within the narrative, resulting in a loss of power and intersectional complexity for the goddesses and a re-evaluation of the narrative’s hero, Ulysses.
Sektionseinleitung III: Kulturelle Zugehörigkeiten und Gesellschaft
Authors: Burschel Peter
Published: September 2021

Das Tagebuch des päpstlichen Zeremonienmeisters Paride de Grassi erwähnt für den 6. Januar 1520 ein Ereignis, das in Rom einiges Aufsehen erregte: die Taufe eines Botschafters des Königs von Fès, der in päpstliche Gefangenschaft geraten war. Während seiner einjährigen Haft in der Engelsburg habe der Botschafter, so de Grassi, darum gebeten, Christ werden zu dürfen. Er sei daraufhin umfassend im christlichen Glauben unterwiesen worden.
Introduction to Section III: Cultural Affiliations and Society
Authors: Burschel Peter
Published: September 2021

In his diary entry of 6 January 1520, the papal master of ceremonies Paride de Grassi mentions an event that has caused quite a sensation in Rome: the christening of an emissary of the king of Fez being held in papal captivity at the time. According to the diarist, during his one-year confinement the ambassador requested permission to become a Christian and then received comprehensive instruction in Christianity. He soon renounced the “Mauritanian faith” and, when questioned, recognized all the articles of the Christian.
Cultural Translation as a Multidirectional Process in the Seventeenth-Century Madurai Mission
Authors: Nardini Giulia
Published: September 2021

In the seventeenth-century missionary context of South India, the Jesuit Roberto Nobili (1577–1656) engaged in a multi-directional process of translation, translating his Catholic mission, doctrine, and literature for a Tamil audience and adapting it to local Tamil beliefs, practices, and literature for the Roman Catholic context. Adopting theories from translation studies (Frege, Nida, Lefevere and Venuti), this paper suggests a model of “cultural translation” not only as a metaphor but as an analytical tool. Straddling the binary notion of orthodoxy-unorthodoxy, this mechanism pursues two goals: (1) it uncovers the role of translations in the construction of religions and social identities; (2) it applies the theoretical framework of “cultural translation” to illuminate the historical context of Jesuit missions in India and beyond. In doing so, it contributes to the analysis of transculturality and challenges the traditional master narrative of a homogeneous Christianity.
Introduction to Section I: Sign Systems and Medial Transformations*
Authors: Wesche Jörg
Published: September 2021

Faust’s struggle to find an adequate German translation of the term “logos” appearing at the beginning of the Gospel of John is presumably the most well-known example of a translation scene in world literature. In the study room episode, Goethe presents the Early Modern scholar as a bible translator who departs from the literal translation of verbally inspired speech and, considering the alternatives “word”, “thought”, and “power”, ultimately decides on “deed” as the best analogous translation.
“In the Most Common and Familiar Speech among the Welsh”
Authors: Parina Elena , Poppe Erich
Published: September 2021

This paper presents and analyses the approach of the Welsh recusant author and translator Robert Gwyn (c.1545–c.1600) to the translation of quotations from the Bible and the Church Fathers as it is reflected in both his paratextual comments on translating and in regularities of his translational practice. Gwyn locates his literary work in the larger context of Counter-Reformation activities in Wales for an “unlearned” audience and therefore forcefully argues for the primacy of comprehensibility over strict adherence to the words of the source text. A brief detour for the purpose of contextualization looks at the paratexts of other contemporaneous Catholic and Protestant Welsh translators and at their aims in relation to their projected audiences. Since English loanwords were a feature of spoken Welsh and their use in translations was explicitly vindicated by Gwyn, lexical choices in a range of his versions of Biblical verses are compared with the translation of the same verses in the Protestant Welsh translations of the New Testament dating between 1567 and 1588.
Liedkultur des 17. Jahrhunderts als Übersetzungskultur
Authors: Dröse Astrid , Springfeld Sara
Published: September 2021

In our paper we analyse translations of Italian and French songs into German from the late sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. The methods of translation employed range from a narrow focus on the words and music of the original song to free variation. Analysing the bimedial relationship of words and music is the principal focus of our study. We ask: What consequences does a translation have for the text-sound relationship? In the first part of the study, we develop a heuristic methodology that describes this phenomenon while taking into account the cultural context of each translation. In the second part, we put this model to the test by examining a prominent song collection: Heinrich Albert’sArien oder Melodeyen(Königsberg, 1638–1650), which contains a large number of as yet unidentified French and Italian originals. Two case studies on the translation of an Air de Cour and an Italian aria, as well as reflections on the digital accessibility of song translation, conclude the paper.
Analytic tadpole coefficients of one-loop integrals
Authors: Feng Bo , Li Tingfei , Li Xiaodi
Published: September 2021

Abstract

One remaining problem of unitarity cut method for one-loop integral reduction is that tadpole coefficients can not be straightforward obtained through this way. In this paper, we reconsider the problem by applying differential operators over an auxiliary vector R. Using differential operators, we establish the corresponding differential equations for tadpole coefficients at the first step. Then using the tensor structure of tadpole coefficients, we transform the differential equations to the recurrence relations for undetermined tensor coefficients. These recurrence relations can be solved easily by iteration and we can obtain analytic expressions of tadpole coefficients for arbitrary one-loop integrals.