bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confederate monuments and the problem of forgetting
Authors: Forest Benjamin , Johnson Juliet
Published: August 2018

Those advocating the removal of US Confederate monuments have generally relied on the claim that because the ideas these monuments represent (i.e. White supremacy) have no legitimate place in political discourse, the monuments should be removed from public space. While we share this normative position, experiences while teaching our interdisciplinary undergraduate course on Memory, Place, and Power forced us to interrogate our reflexive desire to ‘take ’em down’. We learned that as scholars and practitioners, we must not only better explain and defend the nature of the ‘forgetting’ that happens when we remove Confederate monuments but also put our discussion of their fate into a broader international context, one that embraces a range of alternatives beyond the stark choice of removal versus retention.
Identifying Implementation Science Characteristics for a Prenatal Oral Health eHealth Application
Authors: Vamos Cheryl A. , Green Shana M. , Griner Stacey , Daley Ellen , DeBate Rita , Jacobs Tom , Christiansen Steve
Published: August 2018

Background. Oral health is a significant public health issue; yet barriers to implementing the prenatal oral health guidelines into practice remain. This formative research aimed to identify key implementation science characteristics to inform the development of an eHealth application (app) to assist providers in implementing the prenatal oral health guidelines during prenatal visits. Method. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, the clinic’s infrastructure, workflow, and contextual factors were assessed via clinic observation, technology assessment, prenatal provider interviews ( n = 4), clinic staff interviews ( n = 8), and two focus groups with oral health providers ( n = 16). Results. System-level factors influencing future implementation were identified regarding structural characteristic, networks/communication, culture, external policy/incentives, relative advantage, complexity, design quality/packaging, knowledge/beliefs, and personal attributes. Discussion. Findings provided vital information and will directly inform the design and implementation of an eHealth app that aims to facilitate the translation of the interprofessional prenatal oral health guidelines into clinical prenatal oral health practices.
Fluid flow and heat transfer investigation of blood with nanoparticles through porous vessels in the presence of magnetic field
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Mohyud Din Syed Tauseef , Zubair Tamour , Hamid Muhammad , Wang Wei
Published: August 2018

In this study, the blood flow was investigated involving nanoparticles through porous blood vessels in the presence of magnetic field by means of collocation and least squares techniques. Blood was assumed to be non-Newtonian fluid having nanoparticles in which different models were used to determine the viscosity of the nanofluids. Vogel’s, Reynolds, variable, and constant viscosity models were discussed by using the two aforementioned techniques. Hence, we compared our results with a numerical technique RK-4 and already existing results to show the credibility of our solutions. Further, some physical parameters and their effects are also stated in this research. Increase in the thermophoresis parameter and pressure gradient along with the decrease in the Brownian motion parameter provide a rapid change in the velocity profile, which has been disclosed by results. Additionally, a dramatic change in the velocity has been realized by using Vogel’s model.
Baird’s Tapir Ecology and Conservation in Mexico Revisited
Authors: Naranjo Eduardo J.
Published: August 2018

Baird’s tapir ( Tapirus bairdii) is endangered throughout its distribution range mainly due to habitat loss and overhunting. An increasing number of studies have been done on the distribution, abundance, and other ecological aspects of this mammal in Mexico and Central America within the past decade. These studies have shed new light on the ecology and behavior of Baird’s tapirs in the wild and, more importantly, some of them suggest that tapir populations face a variety of circumstances ranging from local recovery within the largest protected areas through increasing isolation in unprotected forest fragments across southeastern Mexico. This work presents a perspective on the results from those studies and their implications for tapir conservation in the country.
miR-497 Is Implicated in the Process of Chondrogenesis and Inhibits IHH Gene Expression in Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Zhang Rui , Cong Fei , Li Qi , Min Zixin , Yan Jidong , Zhang Qian , Ma Jie , Lu Shemin , Ma Jianbing
Published: August 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine differences in microRNA-497 (miR-497) expression during cartilage tissue formation and to test whether miR-497 directly interferes with Indian hedgehog (IHH) gene and inhibits IHH expression in human chondrocytes.

Design

At different cartilage development stages and different time points in bone matrix gelatin–induced endochondral ossification (BMG-ECO) rat models, the expression of miR-497 and the Ihh gene was monitored at the mRNA level. Bioinformatic analysis, gene mutation, dual luciferase reporter gene assays and gene expression assays at both the mRNA and protein levels in human chondrocytes were subsequently performed to validate the interaction between miR-497 and the IHH gene.

Results

The mRNA expression of miR-497 or the Ihh gene in BMG-ECO rats showed significant differences between the cartilage development stages and between different time points, and the trends in the expression of miR-497 and Ihh were reversed. Bioinformatic and dual luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated a direct interaction between miR-497 and the IHH gene. Differential mRNA and protein expression profiles of the IHH gene in human chondrocytes after 48 hours of transfection with miR-497 mimics and a negative control indicated that miR-497 inhibited IHH expression.

Conclusion

Our study provided new clues for further functional and molecular mechanism studies of miR-497 in chondrogenesis and demonstrated a potential target for clinical therapy for cartilage degenerative disease.
Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich Syndrome: Case report of a newborn presenting with interlabial cyst
Authors: Cheong Yee Ling , Laksmi Narasimhan Kannan
Published: August 2018

A newborn with Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich Syndrome presented with interlabial cyst. The cyst was punctured and instilled with contrast medium for cystography to demonstrate the anatomy. Simple resection of the hemivagina septum at the same sitting resolved the obstruction. Early interventions done to clinch diagnosis and institute treatment would help to prevent future complications associated with menses retention and preserve fertility.
Memphis FitKids: implementing a mobile-friendly web-based application to enhance parents’ participation in improving child health
Authors: Ullmann Gerhild , Kedia Satish K. , Homayouni Ramin , Akkus Cem , Schmidt Michael , Klesges Lisa M. , Ward Kenneth D.
Published: August 2018

Background

Child obesity is a major public health challenge, increasing the risk of chronic medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension. Among U.S. states, Tennessee has one of the highest rates of child obesity. Emerging communication technologies can help to deliver highly disseminable population-level interventions to improve health behavior. The aim of this paper is to report the implementation and the evaluation of the reach of Memphis FitKids, a web-based application, intended to promote healthy behaviors for families and children.

Methods

A community-level demonstration project, Memphis FitKids, was developed and implemented in Tennessee’s Greater Memphis Area. This application (www.memphisfitkids.org) was designed for parents to assess their children’s obesity risk through determinants such as weight, diet, physical activity, screen time, and sleep adequacy. A built-in “FitCheck” tool used this collected information to create a report with tailored recommendations on how to make healthy changes. A Geographic Information Systems component was implemented to suggest low-cost neighborhood resources that support a healthy lifestyle. A social marketing framework was used to develop and implement FitKids, and a Community Advisory Board with representatives from community partners (e.g., the YMCA of Memphis, the Pink Palace Family of Museums, and the Memphis Public Library) supported the implementation of the project. Five kiosks distributed in the community served as public access points to provide a broad reach across socioeconomic strata. Presentations at community events and the use of Facebook facilitated the promotion of FitKids. Website traffic and Facebook usage were evaluated with Google Analytics and Facebook Insights, respectively.

Results

In Tennessee, 33,505 users completed 38,429 FitCheck sessions between July 2014 and December 2016. Among these, 6763 sessions were completed at the five kiosks in the community. FitKids was presented at 112 community events and the social media posts reached 23,767 unique Facebook users.

Conclusions

The Memphis FitKids demonstration project showed that web-based health tools may be a viable strategy to increase access to information about healthy weight and lifestyle options for families. Mobile-friendly web-based applications like Memphis FitKids may also serve health professionals in their efforts to support their clients in adopting healthy behaviors.
House, state, and world fundamental concepts of societal governance in the West and East in comparison
Authors: Wendt Wolf Rainer
Published: August 2018

In the development of civilizations from antiquity to the present day, two institutions can be identified which, in their relationship to one another and in their relation to a comprehensive order, shape the cohabitation of people and individual existence. In the occidental context they are the institutions (in Ancient Greek designation)OikosandPolisand the order framework of theKosmos.In the East Asian context there are in the same fundamental sense the Chinese termsJia,GuoundTianxia. The use of these terms has varied, but the categorical relationships of what they denote found the societal design and legitimize modes of societal governance. It seems necessary to be clear about the basic concepts and organizational patterns in worldwide exchange. A comparative interpretation of those concepts and patterns reveals the differences in western and eastern societal statics and dynamics in the past and today. The study of the common features with different characteristics leads to considerations on a global level as to societal governance can be sustainable.
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes About Breast Cancer Screening in Latin America and the Caribbean: An In-Depth Narrative Review
Authors: Doede Aubrey L. , Mitchell Emma M. , Wilson Dan , Panagides Reanna , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Breast cancer (BCA) is the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and the number of deaths from BCA is expected to continue to increase. Although barriers to care include the physical accessibility of screening resources, personal and cultural barriers must be explored to understand necessary next steps to increase access to preventive care. The purpose of this in-depth narrative literature review was to explore empiric literature that surrounds the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs toward BCA screening practices among women in LAC. To our knowledge, this is the first literature review to include articles from all countries and national languages (Portuguese, English, and Spanish) that pertain to this topic.

Methods

OVID Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science/SciELO were used to identify articles. Thirty-five articles were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Themes identified in the literature included knowledge about screening procedures and cause of cancer; knowledge sources; catalysts and deterrents for screening, such as family support, family history; social support or taboo, fear, self-neglect, cost, and transportation; and the perception of the screening experience.

Conclusion

In addition to physical availability of resources and health care personnel, there is a necessity for culturally competent community educational interventions across all aspects of BCA screening and prevention. In light of the barriers to preventive health care, providers such as nurses and community health workers are uniquely qualified to provide culturally appropriate and individualized health education to address cultural and psychological barriers to BCA screening.
Adult-larvae vibrational communication in paper wasps: the role of abdominal wagging inPolistes dominula
Authors: Pepiciello Irene , Cini Alessandro , Nieri Rachele , Mazzoni Valerio , Cervo Rita
Published: August 2018

Communication through vibrational signals is widespread among social insects and regulates crucial social activities. Females of the social wasp Polistes dominula (Christ, 1791) produce substrate-borne vibrations on the combs by performing a conspicuous abdominal oscillatory behavior, known as abdominal wagging. Several studies have reported correlative evidence in support of its signaling role, but direct evidence is still lacking. Because abdominal wagging is strictly associated with the presence of larvae in the nest and with cell inspection, it has been suggested that it could be involved in adult–larvae communication. According to this hypothesis, abdominal wagging vibrations would have short-term effects related to food and trophallactic exchanges between adult and larvae by modulating salivary secretion (decreasing its amount, to prepare larvae to receive food, or stimulating the release of larval saliva to adults). Here, by using an electro-magnetic shaker, we assessed, for the first time, the short-term effect of abdominal wagging on larval behavior by recording larval response and by measuring the amount of saliva released immediately after abdominal wagging playback. Our results show that larvae are able to perceive the substrate-borne vibrations produced by abdominal wagging and react by increasing the movement of their body, possibly in order to attract the attention of adult females during feeding nest inspection. Yet, we found that vibrations neither increase nor decrease the release of larval saliva. Our results support the hypothesis of the alleged role of vibrations in adult–larvae communications; however, they do not support the long-lasting hypothesis of salivary release modulation.
Real world evidence (RWE) – a disruptive innovation or the quiet evolution of medical evidence generation?
Authors: Khosla Sajan , White Robert , Medina Jesús , Ouwens Mario , Emmas Cathy , Koder Tim , Male Gary , Leonard Sandra
Published: August 2018

Stakeholders in healthcare are increasingly turning to real world evidence (RWE) to inform their decisions, alongside evidence from randomized controlled trials. RWE is generated by analysing data gathered from routine clinical practice, and can be used across the product lifecycle, providing insights into areas including disease epidemiology, treatment effectiveness and safety, and health economic value and impact. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency have stated their ambition for greater use of RWE to support applications for new indications, and are now consulting with their stakeholders to formalize standards and expected methods for generating RWE.

Pharmaceutical companies are responding to the increasing demands for RWE by developing standards and processes for each stage of the evidence generation pathway. Some conventions are already in place for assuring quality, whereas other processes are specific to the research question and data sources available. As evidence generation increasingly becomes a core role of medical affairs divisions in large pharmaceutical companies, standards of rigour will continue to evolve and improve. Senior pharmaceutical leaders can drive this change by making RWE a core element of their corporate strategy, providing top-level direction on how their respective companies should approach RWE for maximum quality.

Here, we describe the current and future areas of RWE application within the pharmaceutical industry, necessary access to data to generate RWE, and the challenges in communicating RWE. Supporting and building on viewpoints from industry and publicly funded research, our perspective is that at each stage of RWE generation, quality will be critical to the impact that RWE has on healthcare decision-makers; not only where RWE is an established and evolving tool, but also in new areas that have the potential to disrupt and to improve drug development pathways.
Dietary Changes and Food Preferences Experienced by Older Adult Cancer Patients and the Impact on Health Outcomes
Authors: Coa Kisha , B. Epstein Joel , McManus Kathy , Moskowitz Bruce
Published: August 2018

To describe how cancer treatment influences the dietary behaviors and food preferences of older adult cancer patients and explore associations between these dietary changes and common cancer symptoms.
A convenience sample of 800 cancer patients age 55 years and older undergoing cancer treatment completed a self-administered questionnaire which assessed patients’ dietary changes, food preferences and aversions since starting treatment, and health outcomes. Descriptive statistics were conducted to examine associations between dietary changes and age groups (categorized as 55-64 years old, 65-74 years old, and 75 years old and older), and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between dietary changes and health outcomes
The majority of participants experienced at least one cancer symptom, with fatigue and poor appetite being most commonly reported. About half of respondents reported no change in appetite or thirst, but those who did report a change were more likely to report a decrease in appetite rather than an increase, and more likely to report an increase in thirst rather than a decrease. Most of the patterns were consistent across age groups but the oldest age group (75+) was less likely to report eating less frequently, and less likely to report certain increased taste and smell sensitivities.
Characterizing the nutritional needs of older adult cancer patients is the first step in being able to address these needs. Future research is needed to evaluate potential strategies to address nutritional concerns, and to better understand the unique needs of specific subgroups of older adult cancer patients at high risk of experiencing dietary changes (e.g., those with head and neck cancer).
District nurses and NHS fraud
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: August 2018

Two cases of fraud by district nurses demonstrate that district nurses need to be familiar with the behaviour that amounts to fraudulent activity, so they are able to protect NHS assets and take appropriate action to minimise the loss of funds needed for patient care and treatment. Fraud costs the NHS billions of pounds each year and takes money away from front-line services. The Fraud Act 2006 has made the offence clearer and easier to prosecute. Offences can range from false representation about qualifications and experience, to false timesheet claims and benefit fraud. In this article, Richard Griffith outlines what constitutes fraud and the measures taken by the NHS to counter fraudulent activity.
Preparation and Aggregation-Induced Emission of New 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-tricarboxamide with Liquid Crystal Properties
Authors: UMAR ABDULHAMID , SHAMSUDDIN MUSTAFFA
Published: August 2018

The combination of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and liquid crystal properties generates solid-state efficient luminescent liquid crystal materials. Here in, we reported the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-tricarboxamide and utilized it as a supramolecular organic motif for the AIE-active liquid crystal material. The compound exhibits high-intensity emission maxima at 417 and 468 nm in the solid state with excitation at 254 nm, whereas it shows weak emission in the solution phase. Also, this compound behaves as liquid crystalline material and shows columnar hexagonal mesophase with endothermic peaks at 73.4oC, 185.6oC, and exothermic peaks were observed at 181.9oC and 66.1oC with focal conic fan shape texture. The thermal data showed that the compound is stable up to 200oC.
Food, emotions and memory in Justyna Gruszczyk’s scent installations
Authors: Stronciwilk Agata Anna
Published: August 2018

The article examines the use of food aromas in scent installations created by Polish artist Justyna Gruszczyk. In her work, she concentrates on non-visual means of communication. Her main field of interest are scents and their ability to evoke memories and emotions. In many of her scent installations, Gruszczyk uses food-based aromas to create a narrative or trigger emotions. In analysed examples, she uses the aroma of home-made cake, strawberry lollipops and coconut to deliver various meanings.
The procurement of food as a factor in taste
Authors: Gross Joan
Published: August 2018

The memory of how food is procured influences the taste of that food. In ethnographic interviews with food activists, farmers, back-to-the-landers and freegans, the response to a question about a favourite meal often included how the food was procured. The experience of growing and foraging for food moves the act of tasting beyond the internal realm of taste buds and into more public arenas.
ECOLOGY OF SOME MARINE LAGOONS ALONG THE EAST-COAST OF INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MANAGEMENT AND UTILISATION OF THEIR RESOURCES
Authors: Menon A. G.K. , Raman K.
Published: August 2018

The marine lagoons along the east coast of India such as the Chilka-lake in Orissa State, the Pulicat and the Ennore lakes near Madras, Silvatturai lagoon in Tuticorin, and the Mandapam lagoon in Ramanathapuram are shallow, vast sheets of saline water whose physical and chemical characteristics are quite different from the backwaters of the west coast and constitute distinct categories of biological environment. The main characteristic feature of these lagoons is that they are connected to the sea by a narrow mouth which is closed by a sand bar for varying periods of the year. One or more seasonal rivers open into some of these lagoons and flood them during the monsoon. The land run-off during monsoon is the only source of freshwater for others. The bar-mouth connection with the sea is opened by the thrust of the flood waters aided in some cases by human effort. This opening operates for a few months between November — December and June - July or throughout during some years following heavy monsoon. The closure occurs by general silting and formation of a sand bar.
SOME NOTES OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS IN INDONESIAN WATERS
Authors: Pardjaman Djamhir
Published: August 2018

During the period of 1969 to 1975 "JANHIDROS" carried out several hydrographic surveys and marine investigations in the Sunda Shelf and its adjacent waters. Data obtained during these surveys has shown that the general characteristics of the area which are primarily governed by the monsoonal regime are also affected by local conditions. The purpose of this paper is to render data based on these surveys which may be useful to complement environmental information.
A BIOLOGICALLY MEANINGFUL PROBABILITY DESCRIPTION OF PLANKTON STOCKS
Authors: Anderson James Jay , Sutomo -
Published: August 2018

Plankton standing stocks can be described with a gamma probability distribution based on a stochastic logistic equation. The stock is characterized by a carrying capacity and a randomness coefficient.
Las formas de las represalias violentas en Argentina. Las acciones colectivas de violencia punitiva (2009-2015)
Authors: Gamallo Leandro
Published: August 2018

Este artículo analiza la evolución de las acciones colectivas de violencia punitiva en Argentina durante el período 2009-2015 y describe las diversas formas en las que se producen. Mediante el procesamiento estadístico de una base de datos construida con todos los episodios registrados en la prensa nacional y local se muestra su crecimiento y se analizan algunas dimensiones de las acciones colectivas implicadas en su concreción poniendo en correspondencia algunos de sus atributos. La hipótesis del trabajo sostiene que la extensión de estas acciones está relacionada con las transformaciones en la acción colectiva en la Argentina reciente, específicamente la instalación de la violencia colectiva como un formato inscripto en el repertorio de protestas populares y la consolidación de la demanda de justicia y los reclamos contra la impunidad como una de las demandas más convocantes. Desde el punto de vista de las formas, el artículo muestra tres tipos distintos de acciones colectivas de violencia punitiva los linchamientos, los ataques y los estallidos.
Postneoliberalismo y policía en América del Sur.
Authors: Sozzo Máximo
Published: August 2018

Como es sabido desde fines de los años 1990s procesos de cambio político decisivo emergieron en diversos contextos nacionales de América del Sur, ligados al ascenso de alianzas y programas políticos construidos en torno a vocabularios vinculados más o menos estrechamente a las tradiciones locales de la Izquierda, con distintos niveles de radicalidad e importantes diferencias entre sí, ligadas también al conjunto de elementos que integraban la situación política peculiar de cada escenario...
Políticas de policía y gobiernos de izquierda. El caso de Uruguay
Authors: Paternain Rafael
Published: August 2018

Durante los últimos lustros, nuestra región ha tenido ejemplos sobrados de reformas policiales. El atraso institucional, la corrupción, la connivencia con la criminalidad organizada y las modalidades de gestión basadas en la violencia y el abuso, han estado en la base de los impulsos de transformación. En el Uruguay, la policía no ha sido una preocupación prioritaria en materia de gestión pública. Al contrario, desde siempre se ha asumido que la misma es el actor principal de la seguridad y en ella se han delgado las funciones esenciales para la prevención y el control del delito.

El presente artículo sintetiza una investigación que se realizó en el marco del proyecto Clacso “Giro a la izquierda y política policial en América del sur (Un abordaje comparativo)”. A lo largo de las páginas que siguen, se buscará describir los principales hitos en materia de política de policía durante los dos primeros gobiernos del Frente Amplio, comparando los distintos momentos y situando el sentido general que los cambios han adquirido.
Defending Traditions, Countering Intolerant Ideologies: Re-energizing the Role of Modin in Modern Java
Authors: Arifin Achmad Zainal
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses a neglected traditional Islamic figure called modin, who actually has potential and greater opportunity in countering the growing numbers of relatively new Islamic groups that perpetuate intolerant ideology. This paper is based on a fieldwork in the Village of Sidoluhur, Godean, Sleman, DIY. The primary data used for this research is derived from in-depth interviews with 17 people such as modin, village officers, mosques’ board members, and active jamaah (members) of the mosques. I argue that modin has a significant contribution in softening tensions among Muslims at a hamlet level. He will be functioning effectively in preserving local Islamic practices and, at the same time, filtering intolerant ideology in society. In so doing, contestations among modin, who might come from various Islamic groups, have to be carefully considered to maximize his roles in society, especially in countering intolerant views proposed by some transnational Islamic groups. [Artikel ini membahas peminggiran figur Islam tradisional di Jawa yang dikenal dengan sebutan modin. Figur ini sebenarnya mempunyai potensi dan peluang besar untuk menandingi perkembangan kelompok Islam yang menyebarkan ideologi intoleran. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan riset lapangan di Desa Sidoluhur, Godean, Yogyakarta, dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap tujuh belas informan meliputi modin, perangkat desa, pengurus masjid, dan jamaah masjid. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modin mempunyai kontribusi penting dalam meredam ketegangan umat di tingkat dusun. Ia berperan dalam melestarikan praktik Islam lokal sekaligus menyaring ideologi intoleran dalam masyarakat. Adanya kontestasi di antara modin yang berasal dari kelompok yang berbeda perlu menjadi pertimbangan untuk memaksimalkan peran modin di masyarakat dalam menandingi ideologi intoleran yang diusung oleh kelompok Islam transnasional.]
Prácticas evaluativas en español y matemáticas en dos instituciones de educación básica
Authors: Gil Rojas John Saúl
Published: August 2018

Se propone reconocer las prácticas de evaluación en el aula en dos instituciones de educación básica secundaria. Para abordar este trabajo se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo multimétodo, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por los estudiantes de dos grupos de tercer grado de secundaria de dos escuelas de Guadalajara (México); un maestro de matemáticas y uno de español; un representante de los padres de familia; y el director, en representación de cada una de ellas. Los resultados indicaron que hay un predominio de las prácticas evaluativas en el aula asociadas a las representaciones sociales que de ellas tienen sus actores principales, las cuales son paralelas o complementarias a aquellas derivadas de las normas del gobierno escolar, sobre las que hay poco dominio y resistencia. Se concluyó que aún persisten deficiencias de orden conceptual, metodológico y de política educativa que impiden alcanzar los objetivos previstos, aunque se reconocieron avances particularmente en el plano de la asimilación conceptual y de prácticas innovadoras por parte algunos docentes.
Actitudes lingüísticas hacia las formas de tratamiento nominales usadas por los jóvenes
Authors: Mahecha Ovalle Andrés
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se analizan las actitudes lingüísticas de algunos bogotanos adultos respecto de las formas de tratamiento nominales empleadas por jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 20 años. El estudio se centra en la valoración realizada por el adulto frente a la variedad de tratamiento en el habla juvenil en sus contextos, como escuela, familia y ámbito social. Para la recolección de datos, se empleó un cuestionario abierto con el propósito de determinar las formas de tratamiento nominales y la escala de diferencial semántico para las actitudes lingüísticas de los adultos hacia el habla juvenil. El análisis se fundamentó en cuatro variables extralingüísticas: estratificación social, género, edad y actitudes lingüísticas. Los resultados arrojan que el tratamiento juvenil está cambiando, puesto que las comunidades de habla juveniles bogotanas poseen sus propias formas de tratamiento nominales distintas de otros grupos etarios porque estas reflejan un sentido de cohesión e identidad grupal. Asimismo, se observa que los adultos bogotanos poseen más valoraciones negativas que positivas frente a las formas para establecer contacto entre interlocutores jóvenes.
Y la literatura, ¿cómo va en la enseñanza de la lengua materna?
Authors: Dussán Éder García
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se propone dar cuenta de la presencia de la literatura como espacio académico legítimo y necesario en la escuela a partir de un doble esfuerzo, a saber: una enunciación integral sobre la naturaleza y la función de la obra literaria en los espacios de reflexión, sumado a la fijación de media docena de claves didácticas a propósito de la manera de tratar las piezas literarias en los espacios de enseñanza de la lengua materna. Para lograr su definición asumimos una postura esencialista débil y una postura social del arte. Los resultados de la reflexión manifiestan, al menos, dos vías de acción: una, más abstracta, referida a la comprensión de la literatura como conjunto de productos culturales que apuntan a una transformación subjetiva e intersubjetiva; la otra, concreta, que alude a ciertas acciones en el aula que sirven de fundamento para desarrollar actividades con textos literarios, cuya meta es fortalecer la competencia literaria y la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes.
“Estudiar era algo tan maravilloso como jugar a estar vivos”.
Authors: Lomas García Carlos
Published: August 2018

Los años del colegio en la literatura
Cooperación científica como estrategia para la identificación y fortalecimiento de redes
Authors: Romero Betancur Jesús David
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo busca ofrecer, desde los resultaos obtenidos con base en el análisis de la producción científica de una institución universitaria, una visión de esta como insumo para la identificación de redes de cooperación, utilizando no solo los registros de artículos existentes en bases de datos académicas, sino la información registrada en la plataforma ScienTI de Colciencias; con lo cual se propone una revisión específica de la actividad de dos grupos de investigación y se amplía dicho análisis a toda la institución a la que estos pertenecen. Las alianzas identificadas por medio de esta información se contrasta con los convenios suscritos por la institución, considerándolos como el vínculo formal de cooperación; se encuentra que si bien la relación institucional formal es importante, el capital relacional con el que cuentan directamente los investigadores representa una mayor fortaleza para el desarrollo de actividad en cooperación.
Český román v čase „kamarádů svobody”
Authors: Moldanová Dobrava
Published: August 2018

Studie Český román v čase »kamarádů svobody« je věnována prvnímu období tvorby Fráni Šrámka a Jiřího Mahena ( 1905–1914). Oba autoři, pohybující se v prostředí anarchistické bohémy, vzbudili pozornost výrazně lyrickým stylem svých dramatických pokusů i raných próz. Jejich první rozsáhlejší práce, Šrámkovy romány Stříbrný vítr (1910) a Křižovatky (1914), a Mahenovi Kamarádi svobody (1909) představují novou variantu románu ztracených iluzí. Generace debutující na počátku 20. století tento románový typ, který do českém literárního kontextu uvedli v 90. létech příslušníci generace moderny (Mrštík, Svobodová, Svoboda, Sova), spojila s uvolňováním pevné kompozice a s výraznou lyrizací textu, směřující k zachycení citového rozpoložení a smyslového prožitku literárních postav.
Alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress with a leaf extract of Glyphae brevis (Tiliaceae)
Authors: Nwidu Lucky Legbosi , Oboma Yibala I. , Elmorsy Ekramy , Carter Wayne Grant
Published: August 2018

Background

Glyphae brevis leaf is reported in ethnomedicine as a treatment for hepatitis and jaundice; however, no studies have hitherto investigated the mechanistic basis of these claims.

Methods

A hepato-protective role of G. brevis hydromethanolic (GBH) leaf extract was established against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four hours after a CCl4 challenge, rats were sacrificed and serum hematological indices, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters were determined. The antioxidant enzymes parameters (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation product (thiobarbituric reactive substances) levels in liver homogenates were evaluated. Changes in the liver cyto-architecture of different treatment groups were also investigated.

Results

The GBH extract produced no significant impact on weight and hematological indices. Intoxication with CCl4 significantly (p<0.001–0.05) increased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) compared with control rats. Pretreatment with GBH leaf extract significantly reduced triglycerides, TC, and LDL to approaching control levels (p<0.001–0.05). The GBH leaf extract significantly alleviated CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and the CCl4-induced depression of total protein, and albumin. Liver antioxidant parameters were significantly increased in plant extract-treated rats, and this antagonized the pro-oxidant effect of CCl4. Histopathological studies also supported a hepato-protective effect of GBH. Collectively, the GBH leaf extract alleviated the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity through improvement of innate antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid metabolism and stabilized the hepatocyte cyto-architecture of intoxicated rats.

Conclusions

This study establishes the ethnomedicinal role of G. brevis leaf in hepatitis and the mechanistic basis of hepato-protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
Desert kites in the Libyan Sahara: new evidence from remotely sensed images
Authors: Giannelli Gianna , Maestrucci Fabio
Published: August 2018

Satellite imagery analysis has revealed the presence of at least 330 stone structures—akin to ‘desert kites’ recorded elsewhere—on and around the Hamada al Hamra Plateau in Libya. These structures, which probably vary in shape based on local geomorphology, may have been used for hunting or herding animals.
The discovery of seven engraved La Tène glass beads from the sanctuary of Mathay-Mandeure
Authors: Rolland Joëlle , Olivier Laurent
Published: August 2018

Analysis of seven newly discovered engraved La Tène beads from the Mathay-Mandeure sanctuary in Doubs, France, has refined the chronology for the manufacture of such rare artefacts, and increases our understanding of Late Iron Age ritual deposition practices.
Closure to “Discussion of ‘Axial Uplift Behavior of Belled Piers in Sloping Ground’ by F. A. B. Danziger, C. Pereira Pinto, A. P. Ruffier, and M. P. Pacheco”
Authors: Lu Xian-long , Qian Zeng-zhen , Yang Wen-zhi
Published: August 2018

The main target of this closure is to clarify some issues related to the interpretation of the test results. Based on the suggested critical depth (i.e., the depth to determine the uplift failure mode to change from shallow to deep or vice-versa) in the literature and the sketch of the failure cracks of the load tests, the failure modes for the two belled piers were suggested, which are in agreement with those recommended by the discussers. The Meyerhof and Adams method was used to predict the ultimate uplift resistances for the belled piers in the case of horizontal ground conditions, and it provides reasonable results for the load test predictions. The small difference between the interpreted failure loads may be due to the inherent spatial variability of the geotechnical properties of loess soils. The normalized load–displacement curves of the two belled piers in this study were compared to each other and to that of belled piers in loess with horizontal ground conditions. It is indicated that the additional embedment of the foundation in a sloping ground can result in an increase in the relative stiffness of the foundation-soil system, though the presence of the slope may result in a decrease in the relative stiffness of the foundation-soil system. The writers agree that further investigations on the subject of structure behavior in response to foundation movement may be of much help.
Certum atque Confessum: Lorenzo Valla on the Forensics of Certainty
Authors: McNamara Charles
Published: August 2018

Im Zentrum von Vallas Umgestaltung der Dialektik als rhetorischer Methode steht ein neues Verständnis von certum, das aus Quintilians Institutio oratoria stammt. Diesem Verständnis zufolge ist Gewissheit in dem begründet, was allgemein akzeptiert wird, nicht in dem, was wahr ist. Damit trennt Valla certum und verum. In den Dialecticae disputationes stellt er Dialektik nicht als eine logische oder philosophische Methode zum Beweis von Wahrheiten dar, sondern als Praxis Geständnisse herbeizuführen und als juristische Produktion konsensueller Gewissheiten. Auch in anderen Werken, etwa den Elegantiae und seinem Kommentar zu Quintilians Institutio, verbindet er durchweg certum mit Konsens, insbesondere Konsens im Sinne der rhetorischen Strategie der status-Theorie.
Social economy as an important link in the family support system
Authors: Jagielska Katarzyna , Matejek Józefa
Published: August 2018

Issues related to the transformation of modern family are one of the important problems in the field of social policy. This article focuses on the problems arising from demographic change – particularly the ageing of the population, which consequence is the increasing importance of the family’s caring role to its oldest members. Social economy plays an important role in this area, becoming an important factor in the family help and support system. Social enterprises can support families by providing care services for the elderly. This is an important aspect in the case of the ageing of Polish society. With age, functional capacity decreases, and multiple diseases develop. This results in an increasing demand for care services for the elderly. Services dedicated to seniors under the social welfare and health care systems do not meet the needs for all those who need them. Therefore, a need to look for new solutions in this area exists.
Family farms in Lithuania: Problems and challenges
Authors: Greblikaite Jolita , Vanagiene Vitalija , Ziukaite Zivile
Published: August 2018

The paper aims to analyse the situation of family farms in Lithuania regarding essential problems and challenges. Family farming in Lithuania remains new phenomena in a period after gaining independence after the 1990s. Family farms are very important for Lithuanian rural areas as they create the main job places and income for the citizens. The need to analyse the situation about family farms in Lithuania remains on the problems disclosed in the research. It could be named as lack of legal acts concerning family business, poor managerial traditions of family farming comparing with other EU countries, lack of financial resources for innovative growth, poor family business including family farming culture and lack of values keeping families together, lack of interest of family farmers in diversified activities including social entrepreneurship in rural areas. The grounded solutions and suggestions how to improve situation in rural areas for family farmers are needed. One of the suggestions in this paper about the situation is diversified family farms activity with additional innovative activities and deeper involvement of young farmers in the family business. Social entrepreneurship could be a possible solution for family farms in rural areas.
Histopathological evaluation of formalin toxicity in Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), the giant fish from Amazon
Authors: Andrade-Porto Sanny M. , Ramos Cleverson A. , Roque Rosemary , Affonso Elizabeth G. , Barcellos José F.M. , Queiroz Marieta N. , Araújo Cleusa S.O. , Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration and the structural and ultra-structural effects caused by the formalin exposure on juveniles of Arapaima gigas. Ninety fish (60.1± 2.5g and 20.2±0.9cm) were exposed to 0, 22, 44, 66, 88 and 110mg L-1 in order to determine the lethal concentration (LC50-96h) that was 36.4mg L-1 of formalin. Sublethal effects were evaluated using histopathological analysis on the gills and assessment of behavioral alterations and clinical signs. The LC50 of formalin for 24, 48 and 72h was 88.3, 64.7 and 56.8mg L-1 respectively. Clinical signs and behavioral changes were found: erratic swimming, lethargy, crowding on the water surface, loss of hydrodynamic equilibrium, spasms and agonistic confrontation, which were observed only at 88 and 110mg L-1. The histological alteration index (HAI) showed that 66, 88 and 100mg L-1 presented significant difference (p<0.05) in relation to unexposed fish, indicating that moderate damage to the gills of fish exposed to formalin had occurred. The mean values of alteration (MVA) for 22, 44, 66, 88 and 110mg L-1 were 1.14, 1.29, 1.51, 1.53 and 1.60 respectively, and differences in this index were only observed with 110 mgL-1 of formalin. It is therefore possible to conclude that sublethal concentrations of formalin (22.0mg L-1) did not compromise the health of juveniles of A. gigas. Finally, concentrations greater than to LC50-96h may be carefully used for short-term exposure, since the MVA for all concentrations tested only indicated localized lesions that did not compromise gills functionality of exposed fish.
Assessment of NETest Clinical Utility in a U.S. Registry-Based Study
Authors: Liu Eric , Paulson Scott , Gulati Anthony , Freudman Jon , Grosh William , Kafer Sheldon , Wickremesinghe Prasanna C. , Salem Ronald R. , Bodei Lisa
Published: August 2018

Background

The clinical relevance of molecular biomarkers in oncology management has been recognized in breast and lung cancers. We evaluated a blood-based multigene assay for management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in a real-world study (U.S. registry NCT02270567). Diagnostic accuracy and relationship to clinical disease status in two cohorts (treated and watch-and-wait) were evaluated.

Materials and Methods

Patients with NETs (n = 100) were followed for 6–12 months. Patients’ primary tumors were gastroenteropancreatic (68%), lung 20%, and of unknown origin (12%). Characteristics included well-differentiated, low-grade tumors (97%), stage IV disease (96%); treatment with surgery (70%); and drug treatment (56%). NETest was measured at each visit and disease status determined by RECIST. Scores categorized as low (NETest 14%–40%) or high (≥80%) defined disease as stable or progressive. Multivariate analyses determined the strength of the association with progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

NETest diagnostic accuracy was 96% and concordant (95%) with image-demonstrable disease. Scores were reproducible (97%) and concordant with clinical status (98%). The NETest was the only feature linked to PFS (odds ratio, 6.1; p < .0001). High NETest correlated with progressive disease (81%; median PFS, 6 months), and low NETest correlated with stable disease (87%; median PFS, not reached). In the watch-and-wait cohort, low NETest was concordant with stable disease in 100% of patients, and high NETest was associated with management changes in 83% of patients. In the treated cohort, all low NETest patients (100%) remained stable. A high NETest was linked to intervention and treatment stabilization (100%). Use of NETest was associated with reduced imaging (biannual to annual) in 36%–38% of patients.

Conclusion

Blood NETest is an accurate diagnostic and can be of use in monitoring disease status and facilitating management change in both watch-and-wait and treatment cohorts.
A modified noise-prediction model for highways with significant motorcycle traffic
Authors: Mansourkhaki Ali , Haghiri Majid , Berangi Mohamadjavad
Published: August 2018

One of the undesirable outcomes of the rapid travel of a large number of vehicles on highways is the high level of noise pollution. Tehran is the most noise-polluted city in Iran, where the contribution of motorcycles to noise pollution is significant. In this paper, the equivalent sound pressure levels (LAeq,1h) were measured alongside seven highways in Tehran and were compared with the environmental guidelines. The traffic-noise-prediction model for highways proposed by the government (IR-TNM) was also evaluated based on the collected data from field measurements. The findings reveal that traffic noise levels at measured points exceeded the maximum noise level allowed by Iran's Department of the Environment. Also, there was a significant difference between the results of the prediction model and measured values at the measured points. As highway access for motorcycles in Tehran is not prohibited and their impact on highway noise is not considered in the IR-TNM prediction model, a modification of the model, considering the motorcycle traffic and re-estimating the coefficients, was performed using the Gauss–Newton method, which led to a better fit to the observed data both for the calibration and validation data sets.