bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of radial fins on the uplift resistance of buried pipelines
Authors: Tom J. G. , O'Loughlin C. D. , White D. J. , Haghighi A. , Maconochie A.
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the potential for increasing the uplift resistance of buried pipelines through the addition of radial fins on the pipe circumference. Experiments conducted in loose sand showed that fins extending by 20% of the pipe diameter increase the vertical peak uplift resistance by up to 25%, depending on embedment depth and fin configuration. A limit equilibrium solution – based on known values of peak friction and dilation angles – predicts the uplift resistance within 13% of the measurements. The trends of peak uplift resistance with embedment and fin configuration were also replicated in numerical analyses conducted using a non-associated Mohr–Coulomb soil model. The numerically predicted peak uplift resistances were within 10 and 21% of the experimental values for rough and smooth interfaces, respectively. Soil failure mechanisms from the numerical analyses were broadly consistent with that assumed in the limit equilibrium solution. However, the experimentally observed mechanisms differed subtly, with a limited extent of lifted soil above the pipe and circulatory flow occurring from above to beneath the pipe. This mechanism was approached in the numerical analyses for a smooth interface by specifying a small negative dilation angle, which had minimal effect on the predicted peak uplift resistance.
El Comercio Justo, soñando con los pies en la tierra
Authors: Forero Lozano John
Published: January 2017

El Comercio Justo se presenta como una alternativa de desarrollo sostenible que brinda a los pequeños productores y a los campesinos la oportunidad de negociar con una diferente perspectiva. El fin es generar beneficios justos de acuerdo al trabajo realizado para alcanzar una mejoría en el sistema de transacciones mercantiles; propone un sistema que evita la explotación de los trabajadores del campo, proponiendo el desarrollo de un mercado basado principalmente en la ética y el desarrollo de una conciencia humana más solidaria y justa, principalmente, con los pequeños productores y campesinos del los países del sur. Plantea un reto para encontrar un modelo dedesarrollo sustentable como una opción viable para la consecución del bienestar de la población que trabaja en el agro. Esta propuesta no puede ser considerada como un recetario mágico que garantice el éxito, sino que parte de de un profundo cambio en la conciencia de cada productor y del conglomerado de poblaciones campesinas. El sistema promueve la organización y el aprendizajeque permita mantener los mercados con productos de alta calidad y estándares internacionales.
Medición e impacto de la actividad económica informal en el ámbito tributario en la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Parra Rosero Alex
Published: January 2017

Present  research  is  related  to  a  study  about  the  measuring  and  impact  of  economical  informal activity in the tax system field. Drastic transformations related to the economical instability are watched. Diagnoses done are product of statistics and economical analysis and study which were prepared efficiently in a field work with the assistance of students and teachers of the UPS
Educación emprendedora en la universidad: Educando para el futuro
Authors: Gutiérrez Montoya Guillermo
Published: January 2017

Education  has  a  positive  impact  in  the  development  of entrepreneurship,  mainly  at  the  methodologies  used  in  classrooms.  To  make  education  awakes  the  interest  in  the  entrepreneur  spirit  of  students,  old-  fashion  pedagogic  models  must  be  broken.  It  is necessary to develop to new methods where pupils have a leading role and be responsible of his own learning
Sistema gestionador con características adaptativas, para el control en la ejecución de aplicaciones de usuario que solicitan una alta demanda de tiempo procesador
Authors: Jiménez Govea Aarón , Mireles Mercado Marisela , Torres López Laura
Published: January 2017

En el campo computacional se han hecho avances relacionados con el ahorro de energía, poniendo especial atención en el diseño e implementación de componentes electrónicos con el objetivo de reducir su consumo. Sin embargo, existen casos donde se requiere un mayor gasto de energía, un ejemplo de ello son las aplicaciones que solicitan una alta demanda de tiempo procesador, algunas se asocian con el modelaje de imágenes (renderizado), cuya ejecución se prolonga por minutos o incluso días, generando un sobrecalentamiento en el procesador, lo que podría provocar un daño grave en el circuito o en algún otro componente del sistema. Una alternativa a tal problemática radica en generar una estrategia para la gestión de los procesos de usuario. El presente trabajo propone la optimización del manejo energético por medio de una estrategia de ejecución para los procesos de usuario, aplicando un manejo adaptativo, gestionando la asignación del porcentaje de uso del procesador con la finalidad de priorizar o restringir la ejecución de las solicitudes hechas por los usuarios.
DESARROLLO DE LA COMPRENSIÓN ORAL DEL IDIOMA INGLÉS A TRAVÉS DEL APRENDIZAJE COMBINADO B-LEARNING EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
Authors: Andrade Velásquez Marjorie
Published: January 2017

La presente investigación propone el uso de la modalidad B–learning que combina la educación presencial y a distancia, retomando las ventajas de ambas modalidades como complemento y apoyo en el desarrollo de la comprensión oral de la asignatura de inglés de los estudiantes del cuarto nivel de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Sede Santo Domingo. Se utilizó para ésta investigación Dokeos, que es una plataforma educativa que brinda la capacidad de interactuar con uno o varios usuarios con fines pedagógicos. El diseño aplicado fue cuasi experimental pre - post, en un grupo intacto de cuarenta y seis estudiantes del idioma Inglés. Los resultados obtenidos revelan un mayor incremento en el aprendizaje, muestran que la mayoría de los estudiantes se sienten motivados con el uso de las tecnologías y observan de forma positiva la metodología B –learning como apoyo a las clases presenciales.
¿Por qué y cómo investigar las minorías religiosas?
Authors: Montes Martínez Alberto
Published: January 2017

Después de todas las polémicas y críticas que ha habido durante el siglo XX sobre la Religión, a estas alturas es difícil, si no imposible, encontrar personas que nieguen la vigencia social de la religión. Y esto sucede, no sólo entre la gente corriente, sino también entre las personas de ciencia, en general y, sobre todo, entre los científicos sociales.

 

En esta Comunicación nos proponemos dos tareas complementarias. La primera es justificar por qué es relevante la investigación sobre el fenómeno genérico de la religión y sobre las religiones concretas y minoritarias existentes en sociedad española, y especialmente en Cantabria. Y la segunda tarea es hacer propuestas sobre el modo de investigar las minorías religiosas existentes en nuestro país, que tiene algunas peculiaridades.
EL GÉNERO NOVELÍSTICO EN LA LITERATURA ECUATORIANA
Authors: Salazar Estrada Yovany
Published: January 2017

 
Se propone presentar una reseña cronológica del desarrollo evolutivo del género novelístico en la literatura ecuatoriana, desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad. El trabajo se distribuye en seis acápites: la novela romántica y los inicios del género en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX; predominio de la ideología liberal en la ficción novelesca; realismo social e indigenismo en la novelística ecuatoriana en las décadas del treinta y cuarenta del siglo XX; la novela de transición de la década del cincuenta; la novela ecuatoriana en las décadas del setenta, ochenta y noventa; y, la novelística ecuatoriana de los últimos años.
Luchas sociales en la configuración del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito entre 1992-2010
Authors: Torres Dávila Victor Hugo
Published: January 2017

Análisis de las luchas contestatarias en Quito durante el proceso de conformación del distrito metropolitano entre los años 1992-2010, enfatizando en las relaciones heterónomas con el poder, los conectores culturales de las organizaciones sociales y el ciclo del movimiento barrial considerando el peso relativo de los barrios en la conformación del poder y la ciudad.
LA RENOVACIÓN DE LAS IZQUIERDAS EN COLOMBIA: ¿UNA CUESTIÓN DE JÓVENES? Reflexiones desde la política del acontecimiento.
Authors: Forero Nicolás Aguilar
Published: January 2017

En el presente artículo de reflexión se retoman los planteamientos de Mauricio Lazzarato en torno a la lógica de la diferencia y la política del acontecimiento para destacar su importancia en el camino hacia la renovación de las izquierdas en Colombia. De igual forma, se argumenta que los procesos de renovación de las izquierdas en este país en lugar de  orientarse hacia la búsqueda de la unidad y el éxito en la política electoral, pueden nutrirse de las experiencias de acción colectiva juvenil que desde el año 2011 han desplegado formas de organización y relacionamiento alternativas, en donde la comunicación, la confianza, la colaboración y la construcción de lo común han desempeñado un rol crucial.  
La construcción de la juventud como problemática de política pública en la Argentina: análisis de iniciativas de legislación sobre juventudes entre 1983 y 2015
Authors: Cozachcow Alejandro Germán
Published: January 2017

El trabajo analiza las formas en las que los partidos -y el estado-, han buscado interpelar en la Argentina a las y los jóvenes en tanto sujetos políticos durante el actual período democrático, iniciado en 1983. En este sentido, se busca atender la construcción de la juventud en tanto problemática de política pública en el ámbito legislativo, así como a las especificidades en que la misma es producida en el marco de los partidos políticos. Para ello se analizan las iniciativas legislativas sobre derechos de las juventudes presentadas entre 1983 y 2015, dando cuenta de sus marcas epocales, de las particularidades de los proyectos con estado parlamentario y la Ley de Promoción de Juventudes que obtuvo media sanción en el Congreso Nacional a fines de 2015 así como de sus vínculos con la construcción de la juventud al interior de los partidos.
Gibson Assembly v2
Authors: Vandova Gergana
Published: January 2017

Gibson assembly is a simple, robust method for assembling multiple DNA fragments without restriction-ligation cloning. Our group routinely uses this method for assembling multiple fragments of DNA into larger constructs, in one step. We generally use Gibson assembly for assemblies of up to ~5 fragments and final construct size of ~20kb; for larger assemblies we usually use yeast homologous recombination. The method Introduction from Daniel Gibson, et. al., is as follows:"An isothermal, single-reaction protocol for assembling multiple, overlapping DNA molecules by the concerted actions of a 5’-exonuclease, a DNA polymerase, and a DNA ligase is described. The DNA fragments are first recessed to produce ssDNA overhangs that are specifically annealed, and then they are covalently joined. This assembly protocol can be used to seamlessly construct synthetic and natural genes, genetic pathways, and entire genomes. This method could be a very useful molecular engineering tool." The original Gibson assembly protocol is here: http://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/protocols/554 The following protocol has minor modifications/optimizations developed that were developed at the Stanford Genome Technology Center (SGTC). They are marked with an asterisk (*) and the reasoning is in italics.
Knowledge of HIV-AIDS a dominant factor of antiretroviral therapeutic adherence in women with HIV-AIDS
Authors: Surilena Surilena , Valeria Jean
Published: January 2017

Background
Antiretroviral therapy adherence (ART adherence) is a factor significantly extending life expectancy of people living with HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study was determine several factors on ART adherence in women infected with HIV/AIDS.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 99 women with HIV/AIDS who were infected through their sexual partner or spouse was conducted in Dharmais Hospital between March and August 2014. The instruments used were demographic and self-esteem questionnaires, Hamilton rating scale for depression, Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, knowledge, perception of ART benefits and limitations, family support, peer support as well as assessment of ART adherence. The knowledge questionnaire has been validated with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.823. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
A total of 99 women with HIV/AIDS participated in the study, with an age range of 30- 60 years and mean age of 36 ± 3.72 years. A total of 57.58% of participants showed poor ART adherence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge, ART side effects, depression, peer support and ARV availability significantly affected ART adherence (p<0.05). The most dominant factor affecting ART adherence was knowledge, with OR = 64.02 (95% CI 4.99-670.12).

Conclusion
With good knowledge about HIV/AIDS infection, ART benefits, and possible ARV side effects, women living with HIV/AIDS are expected to carry out ART adherence according to the recommended rules.
Seizure increases electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Gunawan Prastiya Indra , Saharso Darto
Published: January 2017

Background
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe intracranial infection with fatal outcomes, permanent disabilities, and electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Seizures may occur in TBM. The EEG findings in TBM vary according to the site of the inflammatory process. There are few studies describing the EEG patterns and clinical manifestations of TBM. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between clinical findings and EEG patterns in children with TBM.

Methods
A study of cross-sectional design using medical records was conducted on 12 children with TBM, with their EEG patterns classified as abnormal and normal. Clinical manifestations such as seizures, altered consciousness, headache or fever were collected. A positive cerebrospinal fluids Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was considered to indicate definitive TBM. Abnormal EEG descriptions were classified into abnormal I, II or III. Correlation between EEG pattern and clinical manifestation were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test.

Results
The study found cases of 12 children with TBM, the majority presenting with seizures, decreased consciousness and fever. Abnormal EEGs were found in 75% of children and 77% of them showed epileptogenic activities. The EEG results mostly described epileptogenic potentials in the frontotemporal region. There was a significant correlation between EEG abnormality and seizures in children with TBM (p<0.05).

Conclusions
The EEG pattern in children with TBM varies, and EEG abnormalities were more frequently localized in the frontotemporal region. Seizures were associated with EEG abnormalities in children with TBM. EEG abnormalities occurring simultaneously with seizures may predict the occurrence of seizures.
Soursop leaf extract increases neuroglia and hepatic degeneration in female rats
Authors: Handayani Ety Sri , Nugraha Zainuri Sabta , Pahlevawati Prilly i Raleka
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND
Soursop leaf contains annonaceous acetogenins and alkaloids. The
acetogenins act as inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I, suppress ATP
production and cause cell degeneration, whereas the alkaloids act as
neurotoxins. Neuronal degeneration will be followed by an increase in
neuroglia (gliosis). Hepatic clear cell foci represent the morphology of liver
degeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soursop
leaf extract on number of neuroglia brain gliosis and hepatic clear cells in
female rats.

METHODS
This study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group
design. Ten female Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into one control
and one treatment group. The control group was gavaged with distilled water,
while the treatment group was gavaged with aqueous soursop leaf extract at
a dose of 1000 mg/kgBW/day for 90 days. Rat brain tissue samples were
taken at day 91 with a transcardial perfusion technique. The number of
neuroglia in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and nucleus
accumbens and the number of hepatic clear cells were determined.
Independent t-test was used to examine the differences in the numbers of
neuroglia and hepatic clear cells between control and treatment groups

RESULTS
The results of independent t-test analysis found a significant difference in
the number of neuroglia in the cerebral cortex (p=0.015) and nucleus
accumbens of the rats (p=0.030), and significant differences in the number
of hepatic clear cells (p=0.029).

CONCLUSIONS
Aqueous soursop leaf extract orally increases neuroglia of the cerebral cortex
and nucleus accumbens, and hepatic degeneration in female rats.
Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead
Authors: Santoso Budi , Subagio Hertanto Wahyu , Suromo Lisyani , Sunomo Henna Rya
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND
Lead acetate (Pb) inhibits heme biosynthesis through inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (δ-ALAD), copro porphyrinogen
oxidase, and ferro chelatase. Zinc supplementation increases lead-binding
metallothionein proteins. The purpose of this study was to find evidence that zinc supplementation prior to lead exposure improves heme biosynthesis in rats

METHODS
This was a randomized post-test only control-group design study involving 28 rats assigned to 4 groups (1 control and 3 treatment groups). The treatment groups were supplemented with zinc at doses of 0.2, 0.4, and
0.8 mg daily by gavage for 3 weeks. From week 4 to 13, all groups were
exposed to lead 0.5 g/kg BW/day by gavage. At the end of week 13, δ-
ALAD, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP), and heme concentrations were
determined by means of ELISA. One-way ANOVA, followed by
Bonferroni’s test was used to analyse the data.

RESULTS
Mean δ-ALAD concentrations decreased from the control group down to
treatment group 3 (0.24 ± 0.20; 0.15 ± 0.15; 0.12 ± 0.11; 0.05 ± 0.06 ng/
mean per unit). Mean EPP concentrations decreased from the control group down to treatment group 3 (1.96 ± 0.50; 1.24 ± 0.24; 1.03 ± 0.05; 0.62 ± 0.16 ng/mL). Mean heme concentrations increased from the control
group up to treatment group 3 (8.07 ± 2.64; 10.11 ± 2.27; 10.04 ± 1.65;
11.41 ± 2.58 μM). ANOVA followed by Bonferroni showed that EPP concentrations differed significantly between the control group and treatment group 3 (p=0.00).

CONCLUSION
Zinc supplementation prior to lead exposure improves heme biosynthesis
in rats exposed to lead.
Ethanolic periwinkle leaf extract reduces telomerase expression in T47D cancer cells
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Widayanti Etty , Suciati Yulia
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND
Cancer cells have a relatively high telomerase activity and a lower p53 protein expression than normal cells, so that cancer cells have the ability to continue to proliferate and do not undergo apoptosis. One of the cancer treatments is chemotherapy using bioactive ingredients from synthesis or isolation of natural materials. One of the plants that have potential as anticancer agent is periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L). The research objective was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic periwinkle leaf extract against p53 protein and telomerase expression in T47D cancer cells.
 
METHODS
An experimental study with controls was conducted involving T47D breast cancer cells. They were divided into 3 groups (control, ½ dose of IC50/26.849 µg/mL, and one dose of IC50/53.699 µg/mL) at a cell density of 1 x 104 cells/well. Expression of p53 and telomerase was measured by the immunohistochemistry method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a multiple comparison test.

RESULTS
Periwinkle leaf extract significantly increased p53 protein expression (p<0.05) at both treatment doses, ½ IC50 and IC50, compared to the control group and it highly significantly reduced telomerase expression (p<0.01), in comparison with the control group at both treatment doses.

CONCLUSION
Periwinkle leaf extract has potential as an anti-breast cancer agent by increasing p53 protein expression and inhibiting telomerase expression.
Decreased magnesium level and membrane potential of glaucoma patients
Authors: Nnodim Johnkennedy , Elemba JE Obioma , Constance Nwadike , Ukamaka Edward , Treasure Njoku-Obi , Folorunso Jimoh Raifu , Magnus Nsonwu
Published: January 2017

Background
One of the most important sight-threatening eye disorders in ophthalmology is glaucoma. Together with age related macular degeneration it is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. Magnesium (Mg) is considered to improve the ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients and could protect the retinal ganglion cell against oxidative stress. Membrane potential refers to the difference in electrical potential between the intracellular and the extracellular of a biological cell. The objective of this study was to determine the Mg serum level and membrane potential in glucoma subjects.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted in eighty confirmed glaucoma patients and eighty normal subjects between 50 to75 years were selected. The serum sodium, potassium and calcium were estimated using Randox Kit. While membrane potential was determined by calculation using Nerst Equation. Magnesium levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique. An independent t-test was used to analyze the data.

Results
The results obtained showed that the level of Magnesium serum (1.11 ± 0.14 mg/dL) and membrane potential (176.40 ± 42.00 J) was significantly decreased in glaucoma as compared to the controls (2.4 ± 0.68 mg/dL) and (251.76 ± 191.99) (p<0.05). The serum sodium, potassium and calcium were also significantly decreased among glaucoma subjects compared to control (p<0.005).

Conclusion
The result probably suggests, that decrease in magnesium aggravates glaucoma while decrease in membrane potential could cause poor energy transmission and hence affect ocular blood flow. Hence, decreased magnesium and membrane potential levels contributes greatly to glaucoma.
Recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor 121 decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in murine pre-eclampsia model placenta
Authors: Sulistyowati Sri , Sondakh John Arianto , Yuliantara Eric Edwin , Respati Supriyadi Hari , Soetrisno Soetrisno
Published: January 2017

Background
Preeclampsia is one of the major contributors to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Imbalance of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) as anti-angiogenic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as pro-angiogenic factor plays a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia causes vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) to be expressed on its surface. This study aims to evaluate the effect of recombinant VEGF-121 on VCAM-1 expression in the placenta of a murine preeclampsia model.

Methods
An experimental analytical study conducted from February until March 2016 in the Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University. The study sample consisted of 30 pregnant mice, divided into three groups, i.e. 10 normal pregnant mice, 10 mice with preeclampsia model and 10 mice with preeclampsia model and recombinant VEGF-121 therapy. All animals were subjected to immunohistochemical examination of VCAM-1 expression in their placentas. The results were assessed semiquantitatively according to a modified Remmele method. Data analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons method.

Results
Mean VCAM-1 expression in normal (0.97 ± 0.54%) murine placentas, compared with placentas (2.94 ± 0.96%) of murine preeclampsia models (p=0.000), while mean VCAM-1 expression in placentas of murine preeclampsia models with VEGF intervention was 2.14 ± 0.68% (p=0.030).

Conclusion
Recombinant VEGF-121 can reduce VCAM-1 expression in placentas of murine preeclampsia models. The present study has shown the potential benefits of VEGF therapy, justifying serious consideration of this therapeutic approach for use in women with preeclampsia.
Forns index as a useful noninvasive predictor of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Siregar Rizqi Arini , Dairi Leonardo Basa , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah
Published: January 2017

Background
Rupture and bleeding from esophageal varices are major complications of portal hypertension and associated with a high mortality rate. Non-invasive serum markers of liver fibrosis could be used as predictors of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of Forns index as a noninvasive predictor in diagnosing esophageal varices.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was done in 51 cirrhotic patients who were admitted to Adam Malik hospital, Medan. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and laboratory tests were performed, so that Forns index could be calculated. The difference between Forns index and size of esophageal varices as determined by endoscopy was tested by independent-t and Mann-Whitney analysis. The diagnostic performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, likelihood ratios and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC).

Results
Of the 51 patients with esophageal varices included in this study, the size of esophageal varices comprised F2 (37.3%), F3 (33.3), and F1 (29.4%). Most patients were of Child-Plug C type (52.6%). There was a significant difference between Forns index and grade of esophageal varices. The AUROC for Forns index was 0.717 (95% CI: 0.561 - 0.872) and the cut-off >7.92 was highly predictive to diagnose large esophageal varices with a sensitivity of 63.9%, specificity of 73.3%, PPV of 85.2%, NPV of 45.8% and accuracy of 71.7%.

Conclusion
Forns index was significantly increased in large esophageal varices. Forns index is a good noninvasive predictor of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.
Non-exposure parenting increases risk of bullying behavior in junior high school students
Authors: Hasan Surilena , Jessica Jessica
Published: January 2017

Background

Bullying behavior is one of many behavioral and disciplinary problems among school students, which has a wide impact on youth, families, schools, and communities. Parenting and the role of parents as good educators (exposure) can prevent mental, emotional and behavioral disorders caused by bullying. The aim of this study was to determine the role of self-esteem and family factors on bullying behavior in junior high schools students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted including 1324 junior high school students of Penjaringan village, North Jakarta. Respondents filled out questionnaires on demographics (age, gender, economic status, educational level), Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, strength and difficulties questionnaire, Olweus bullying questionnaire, Hamilton scale for depression, parenting style, and family adaptability and cohesion scales III. Simple and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data.

Results

Respondents consisted of 53.5% females and 46.5% males, with an age range of 13-16 years. A total of 45% was involved in bullying (victims, perpetrators, and victims and perpetrators). Gender, self-esteem, family relationships, and parenting were significantly associated with bullying role (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that self-esteem (odds ratio=23.89; 95% CI:7.899-12.990) and non-exposure parenting (odds ratio=39.11;95% CI: 2.455-8.210) were significantly associated with bullying behavior.

Conclusions
Non-exposure parenting was the most relevant risk factor of bullying behavior. Low self-esteem increases the risk of bullying behavior. These findings suggest the need of timely bullying prevention and intervention programs that should have a special focus on families of primary high school students.
Attitude of obstetricians regarding labour analgesia and limitations in practising it
Authors: Kannan Bhuvaneshwari , Rengasamy Chellammal K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Parturient experience labour pain of varying degrees which intensifies as labour progresses. Providing adequate pain relief during labour is important for positive experience of child birth.Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among obstetricians working in five teaching hospitals in Tamil Nadu in 2015. Obstetricians working in these medical colleges were given structured questionnaire to be filled by them. It had questions regarding the obstetricians knowledge, experience and attitude towards labour analgesia and limitations in its practise.Results: Majority of them considered epidural labour analgesia as most effective (91%).Only 55% of them have had practical experience of conducting deliveries under epidural. Parenteral injection of opioid (tramadol hydrochloride) or NSAIDs remain the most commonly practised method. 82% of the participants don’t discuss about labour analgesia services while providing antenatal care.Conclusions: Obstetricians should sensitize the antenatal women regarding labour pain and its management. Supportive role should be provided by midwives. Where resources are limited non-pharmacological means of pain relief should also be encouraged.
DEFINITION OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE SAWBLADES WITH HIGH SPEED POWER SAWS WITH THE RECIPROCATING MOVEMENT OF THE BLADE DURING THE EXAMINATION OF SAWN SKIN WOUNDS
Authors: Nazarov Y. V.
Published: January 2017

In the course of working mathematically shown the possibility of determining the properties of the applied saws (paintings) with high speed power saws of the reciprocating blade for morphological and dimensional characteristics of damage of human skin. The results show that in the case of forensic medical examination sawn wounds caused by power saws with high-speed reciprocating movement of cloth on morphological and dimensional characteristics of the claim that the sawing was carried out by painting with certain structural and dimensional properties.
ANALYSIS OF FATAL POISONING IN MOSCOW REGION DURING THE PERIOD 2005–2015
Authors: Kudryashov V. I. , Maksimov A. V.
Published: January 2017

According to the materials of the final reports on the activities of the Bureau Moscow region for the 2005– 2015 biennium studied the general structure and characteristics of poisoning deaths. Found that a significant proportion of deaths took death from acute alcohol intoxication. Ethyl alcohol poisoning and alcohol substitutes often dying men aged 30–50 years, and from blood poisoning and corrosive poisons people of both sexes in the age group over 51 years. Analysis of statistical data during the study period showed a significant decrease in the number of deaths from all types of poisonings.
Estudo da geração de resíduos nas operações de perfuração e cimentação durante a construção de poços marítimos de petróleo e gás
Authors: Campos Letícia Ferraço de , Lugon Júnior Jader , Telles Wagner Rambaldi , Rodrigues Pedro Paulo Gomes Watts
Published: January 2017

Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica tem por finalidade apresentar as atividades de perfuração e cimentação durante a construção de poços marítimos de petróleo e gás, citando os resíduos gerados em cada etapa. O IBAMA, órgão ambiental que regula a atividade, permite duas opções de disposição para esses resíduos: descarte em mar aberto ou tratamento seguido de destinação final em terra. A pesquisa documental aplicada neste artigo detalha as opções de destinação mostrando que o monitoramento exigido pelo órgão ambiental é uma forma de acompanhar o real resultado das atividades descritas.
Efeito de borda ou da exploração? Demografia e estado de conservação de Euterpe edulis Martius em área protegida de floresta atlântica de terras baixas (RJ)
Authors: Nogueira Luís Eduardo Guerra Domingos
Published: January 2017

Intrinsecamente, a palmeira-juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) desperta grande interesse por sua beleza e papel-chave em comunidades de fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica, porque é explorada como recurso alimentício por uma vasta assembleia de vertebrados. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o estado de conservação de Euterpe edulis na Reserva Biológica União (Rio das Ostras, RJ) através do estudo de sua demografia, bem como responder às seguintes questões: A população sofre efeito de borda? A escala de observação influencia sua detecção? Variáveis da estrutura da vegetação (cobertura herbácea, do dossel e sub-bosque) foram mensuradas para caracterização dos ambientes e a fim de relacioná-las com a abundância e diâmetro dos indivíduos. Os resultados indicaram que a população de palmeira-juçara estudada não sofre efeito de borda. As variáveis da estrutura da vegetação não apresentaram relação com a abundância e diâmetro dos indivíduos nos distintos estágios de vida. Todavia, a estrutura da população estudada não indica potencial para regeneração natural (localmente) da espécie (distribuição em J invertido), porque não há banco de plântulas formado. A baixa densidade e agregação, além da ausência de um banco de plântulas, junto ao diâmetro médio observado para adultos (14 cm), sugerem que a população foi drasticamente suprimida no passado.
Impacto da ação antrópica na qualidade da água da represa de Juturnaíba – Silva Jardim/RJ
Authors: Morais Marla Regina Domingues de , Oliveira Manildo Marcião , Oliveira Vicente de Paulo Santos de
Published: January 2017

A Represa de Juturnaíba, localizada entre os municípios de Silva Jardim e Araruama, é o único manancial de água doce que abastece toda a Região dos Lagos fluminense. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade da água do reservatório de Juturnaíba por meio de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas realizadas a montante nos rios, comparando-as com a qualidade a jusante, a fim de identificar sua hidrodinâmica. Foram feitas seis coletas em seis pontos estratégicos. O afluente com maiores restrições na qualidade da água foi o rio Capivari. O rio com melhor qualidade da água foi o São João.
fitplc - an R package to fit hydraulic vulnerability curves
Authors: Duursma Remko , Choat Brendan
Published: January 2017

We describe a toolkit to fit hydraulic vulnerability curves, such as the percent loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity ('PLC curves') as a function of the water potential. The toolkit is implemented as an R package, and is thus free to use and open source. The package fits the Weibull or sigmoidal function to measurements of PLC, conductance or conductivity, at corresponding leaf or stem water potentials. From the fitted curve, estimates of Px (the water potential at which x% conductivity is lost, e.g. the P50), and slope parameter (Sx) are provided together with confidence intervals (CI) around the fitted line. The CIs are estimated with the bootstrap. We also demonstrate the advantages of using mixed-effects models in situations where multiple individuals are measured on a species, as compared to the more traditional approach of fitting curves separately and averaging the parameters. We demonstrate the use of the new package with example data on seven species measured with two different techniques.
Yield of Müller-Thurgau and Riesling grapevines is altered by meteorological conditions in the current and previous growing seasons
Authors: Keller Markus , Molitor Daniel
Published: January 2017

Background and Aims:

Grape yields show distinct interannual fluctuations caused by environmental conditions. Statistical investigations based on a 22-year data set (1993-2015) of annual yields of two grape cultivars grown in Luxembourg aimed at (i) investigating the impact of meteorological conditions during specific phases of yield formation, (ii) identifying meteorological conditions with predictive value for annual grape yield, and (iii) developing models to simulate yield based on meteorological data.

Methods and Results:

Window pane analysis showed that pre-bloom and bloom minimum temperatures and precipitation sums in the preceding year, winter temperatures, spring temperatures, and post-veraison minimum temperatures in the current year were positively correlated with annual yield; early spring and post-harvest temperatures in the preceding year, and, for Riesling, pre-bloom precipitation sums and post-bloom maximum temperatures in the current year were negatively correlated with annual yield. Models developed from these data simulated annual yield with high accuracy (R2adj = 0.88 for Riesling, and R2adj = 0.92 for Müller-Thurgau).

Conclusions:

Meteorological conditions during distinct periods of yield formation are correlated with annual yield. Yield models can be used in practical viticulture as well as in climate change impact studies.

Significance of the study:

Enhanced understanding of the effects of meteorological conditions during specific periods of yield formation supports growers’ efforts to optimize viticultural measures aimed at achieving adequate yield levels.
Irrigation effects on the performance of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. ‘Albariño’ under the humid climate of Galicia
Authors: Mirás-Avalos José Manuel , Trigo-Córdoba Emiliano , Bouzas-Cid Yolanda , Orriols-Fernández Ignacio
Published: January 2017

Aims: Vine-growers worldwide are concerned about climate change effects on grape yield and quality. Drip irrigation systems are increasingly being installed even in humid regions such as Galicia (NW Spain). In this context, a field experiment was carried out over three seasons (2012-2014) on white Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Albariño’ to assess the effects of deficit irrigation on vine physiology, yield and must and wine composition.

Methods and results: Rain-fed vines were compared with a treatment irrigated to 50% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) from bloom to two weeks before harvest. Irrigated vines showed more positive stem water potentials than those rain-fed. Yield was unaffected by irrigation except in 2014 (19% increase). Pruning weight was increased by irrigation. Must soluble solids tended to decrease and total acidity to increase with irrigation; however, wines were similar between treatments. Water productivity was slightly higher under rain-fed conditions.

Conclusion: Under the conditions of this experiment, irrigation was of no interest either in terms of grape and wine quality or in terms of net income.

Significance and impact of the study: These results may be useful for managing water resources in vineyards under similar climate conditions.
Addition of wood chips in red wine during and after alcoholic fermentation: differences in color parameters, phenolic content and volatile composition
Authors: Kyraleou Maria , Tzanakouli Eleni , Kotseridis Yorgos , Chira Kleopatra , Ligas Ioannis , Kallithraka Stamatina , Teissedre Pierre-Louis
Published: January 2017

The effect of the time of wood chip addition on phenolic content, color parameters and volatile composition of a red wine made by a native Greek variety (Agiorgitiko) was evaluated. For this purpose, chips from American, French, Slavonia oak and Acacia were added in the wine during and after fermentation. Various chemical parameters of wines were studied after one, two and three months of contact with chips. The results showed that the addition of oak chips during alcoholic fermentation did not favor ellagitannin extraction and the reactions involved in tannin condensation and anthocyanin stabilization. Moreover, wines fermented with wood chips contained higher contents of whiskey lactones, eugenol, ethyl vanillate and acetate esters while their ethyl ester content was lower compared with the wines where chip addition took place after fermentation.

Practical Application: The outcomes of this study would be of practical interest to winemakers since they could improve the control over the wood extraction process. When chips are added after fermentation wines seem to have a greater ageing potential compared to the wines fermented with chips due to their higher ellagitannin content and enhanced condensation reactions. On the other hand, color stabilization and tannin polymerization occur faster when chips are added during fermentation resulting in shorter ageing periods suitable for early consumed wines.
RECONSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA E SOCIALIDADE DA RAZÃO: NOTAS SOBRE A DISCUSSÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA EM TORNO DA NOÇÃO HEGELIANA DE RECONHECIMENTO
Authors: Lima Erick
Published: January 2017

No esforço a seguir, gostaria de apresentar as direções mais gerais pelas quais se dá a discussão na filosofia contemporânea da noção hegeliana de reconhecimento. Depois de recordar a origem desse conceito, recupero um contexto epistemológico de discussão no qual a noção de intersubjetividade agregada à noção de reconhecimento se faz presente (1). Em seguida, procuro coordenar, a partir da recente discussão travada por Robert Pippin e Axel Honneth, a relação entre o programa de “reconstrução normativa” e a tese de que estaria em jogo, na filosofia hegeliana, uma “socialidade da razão” (2). Finalmente, a partir dessa rápida retomada, aprofundo a questão de pertinência da noção de reconhecimento no âmbito da filosofia prática, da filosofia social e da teoria crítica (3).Abstract: The paper aims at presenting the main features of the contemporary debate on Hegel’s concept of recognition. To begin with, we attempt to recover the epistemological context in which the comprehension of intersubjectivity, linked to the notion of recognition, seems to have great influence (1). Secondly, based on the discussion between Robert Pippin and Axel Honneth about neo-Hegelianism in practical philosophy, we investigate the relation between “normative reconstruction” and “sociality of reason” (2). Finally, the paper focuses on the importance of recognition in philosophical branches such as practical philosophy and critical theory.
RECONHECER-SE RECONHECIDO: O PROBLEMA DO RECONHECIMENTO ENQUANTO QUESTÃO ANTROPOLÓGICA, ÉTICA E POLÍTICA
Authors: Ribeiro Elton Vitoriano
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, partindo do diálogo com alguns pensadores contemporâneos, eu pretendo apontar para elementos importantes na construção de uma narrativa possível sobre a situação e o lugar da luta pelo reconhecimento na sociedade contemporânea. Farei isso primeiro, ampliando os horizontes de compreensão da questão na contemporaneidade. Depois, apontando algumas intuições importantes para a reflexão sobre o reconhecimento em seu duplo papel, de conceito filosófico propício ao florescimento humano e de conceito filosófico essencial ao discurso filosófico na esfera pública. Por fim, apontando caminhos atuais de desenvolvimento social desta questão.Abstract: Based on a dialogue with some contemporary thinkers, this paper points to important elements for the construction of a possible narrative related to the situation and place of the struggle for recognition in our contemporary society. It will first expand the horizon of understanding to cover the question today. Then, it will focus on some important insights concerning the reflection on the dual role of recognition: as a philosophical concept that is conducive to human flourishing; and as an essential concept of philosophical discourse in the public sphere. Finally, the article will point to the current paths of social development that are relevant to this issue.
Guest Editorial: Climate Policy with Low Oil Prices
Authors: Aguilera Roberto F. , Radetzki Martin
Published: January 2017

Guest editorial

Although oil experienced an extraordinary price increase over the past 4 decades, a turning point has been reached where scarcity, uncertain supply, and high prices will be replaced by abundance, undisturbed availability, and suppressed price levels in the decades to come.

In our new book, The Price of Oil, we conclude that the shale revolution will yield an increased output of oil in the world totaling nearly 20 million B/D by 2035. We also assert that a “conventional oil revolution”—the application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to conventional oil formations in the world—will yield a further addition of almost 20 million B/D in the same period. This extra 40 million B/D is nearly twice as much as the global increase in oil production in the 20-year period from 1994 to 2014.

As these new production revolutions develop and expand internationally, they are bound to have a strong price-depressing impact, either by preventing price rises from the levels observed in 2015 (the Brent spot price averaged USD 53/bbl), or by pushing prices back to these levels if an early upward reaction takes place. Our optimistic scenario sees a price of USD 40/bbl by 2035.

Without serious climate policy restrictions, the use of cheaper oil will likely grow and extend its life expectancy throughout the global energy system.

The Carbon Bubble Fallacy

A deep climate policy is one that ensures that CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere do not exceed a doubling from pre-industrial levels throughout the 21st century, believed to be a warming of about 2 degrees Celsius. Such a policy would require global emission cuts of 30% by 2035, and no less than 50% by 2050, compared with 2011 levels. There is little doubt that implementation of climate policy this ambitious implies the end of the recent revolution in oil production. There have also been widespread claims that such a policy would result in massive stranded assets in the fossil fuel industries.

Would sizable proved reserves remaining in the ground due to a deep climate policy constitute a serious problem to the fossil industries? We do not think so, or else, the reserves would never have been created on such a prevalent scale. In the case of oil, the reason proved reserves have been created to last more than 50 years into the future, at present production levels, is that investment in reserve creation is relatively small in relation to total production costs, and therefore worth the companies’ while to assure reasonable peace of mind about future production potential.
E&P Notes (February 2016)
Authors: Jacobs Trent , Whitfield Stephen
Published: January 2017

E&P Notes

Mexico’s Onshore Auction Considered a Success, Deepwater Up Next

Trent Jacobs, JPT Senior Technology Writer

Each of the 25 onshore blocks offered to private companies in Mexico’s December auction were awarded, almost all of which went to Mexican companies. It was the third installment of the country’s historic Round One auction process made possible by a 2013 constitutional reform that for the first time in a generation allows private companies to extract oil and gas in Mexico.

The results of the latest auction exceeded expert predictions as well as those of the Mexican government that prior to the auction, had announced it would consider five awarded blocks to be a success. Only five out of 19 blocks were awarded in the shallow water auctions held earlier in 2015.

Drilling Fluid Uses Acid and Salt To Improve Well Performance

Trent Jacobs, JPT Senior Technology Writer

The inventor of a new water-based drilling fluid believes the chemical process involved with his technology opens up natural fractures as drilling takes place to increase production in shale formations.

The key ingredients of the technology, called the Aquarius Drilling System, are readily available salts and acids that can be used in conjunction with proven completion techniques, or in some cases, in lieu of hydraulic fracturing.

US, Alaska Governments End Legal Claims for Exxon Valdez Incident

Stephen Whitfield, Staff Writer

The US Department of Justice and the Alaska Department of Law recently closed federal and legal actions against ExxonMobil Corp. and its corporate predecessors involving the 1989 crude oil spill from the Exxon Valdez oil tanker.

The legal actions stem from a 1991 plea agreement the company reached with both governments in US district court. Under that agreement, the company agreed to pay a criminal fine of USD 125 million. An ensuing civil settlement required the company to pay an additional USD 900 million to both governments over a 10-year period to reimburse past costs and fund the restoration of damaged natural resources.