bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financing Green Economy Impact on Sustainable Development
Authors: Jamie Naseem Abu
Published: March 2018

This study aimed at clarifying the Green Economy financing roll in achieving sustainable development in the light of the of the goals by the UN program for environment which are represented by increasing the economic growth, and its impact on the global environmental system.To achieve the aim of the study, an analytical descriptive approach is used to acquaint with the Green Economy, measuring indexes as well as the challenges faced by countries and international organizations which have pioneer experiences in the field, to recognize the Green Economy impact on the sustainable development, a survey of 80 countries both developed and developing countries has been used depending on Global Green Economy Index (GGEI).In the light of the econometric analysis, previous studies and many successful experiences of some countries in applying the Green Economy, recommendations are raised to adopt the Green Economy system in some countries like Palestinian territories especially after disproving the Palestinian government fears of negative impact of Green Economy on the economic growth.Green economy should be fastened dialectically with the process of economic growth, job creation, and poverty reduction which are the dialectical relations of different that are economically, socially and environmentally dimensions, and are reflected in the following major question:Can a green economy become a new motive for economic growth?
Positive Youth Development: Interactions Between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours and Psychosocial Variables
Authors: Matos Margarida Gaspar de , Santos Teresa , Reis Marta , Marques Adilson
Published: March 2018

The Positive Youth Development - PYD concept emphasised the importance of strengthening developmental assets in youth’s networks and contexts. This paper examines the correlation between PYD, healthy lifestyle behaviours and psychosocial variables (self-regulation, resilience, and anxiety); and the impact of PYD and psychosocial variables on healthy lifestyle behaviours. 2700 youths (73.3% girls; mean age 21.3±2.79 years) were included. Results showed that all variables mostly had significantly correlational associations. Specifically, the linear regression model evidenced that the promotion of PYD and self-regulation, along with the reduction of anxiety can be relevant for improving healthy lifestyle behaviours. Such results suggest a dynamic interdependence between all the present variables, reinforcing the need to study positive indicators for youth development. Having more knowledge in this area can help health professionals, educators, and policy-makers, in order to better plan interventions/policies and to improve an integral healthy perspective for youths, based on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary work.
Factors Affecting on Gaining a Sustainable Competitive Advantage for Sri Lankan Higher Educational Institutes
Authors: De Silva Liyanachchi Mahesha Harshani , Chitraranjan Charith D.
Published: March 2018

Over the past few years, number of seats has grown significantly in Higher Education Institutes (HEI), thus it becomes prudent to look at the ways of improving decision making of the HEI. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate factors affecting the sustainable competitive advantage. Since literature does not support strong underpinnings in this area, an exploratory and grounded theory-based study was designed to conduct this study. The main contribution of this research is that we propose factors to consider for an HEI to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Our findings indicate that proper student-teacher relationship, maintaining good reputation, maintaining a high rank and good indexing’s, maintain good relationships with industries, student participation in competitions, accreditation from reputable institutions are the most significant factors affecting the sustainable competitive advantage (AA) within Sri Lankan HEIs. To remain competitive and obtain competitive advantages, HEI decision makers can try to increase organizational performance by managing each dimension of core competence, i.e. Market profile; Innovation and Core Competencies.
Route Planning Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Lin , Zhang Yuhua
Published: March 2018

This paper mainly deals with the planning of aviation route and needs to determine the model to find out the shortest path. In this paper, we combine the methods of simulated annealing and genetic algorithm, and obtained the optimal solution method. Firstly, Genetic Algorithm (GA) uses the modified circle algorithm to find some feasible solutions to the approximate initial population, and then transforms them through simulated and crossover operations. This paper also introduces the aircraft fuel consumption model and the cubical smoothing algorithm with five-point approximation to reduce the aircraft fuel consumption and parts loss. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the route planning based on genetic algorithm is higher, while consumes less fuel and takes less sharp turns.
Securitisering en seksualisering van migratie: het debat over oud en nieuw in Keulen
Authors: Althoff Martina
Published: March 2018

Securitization and sexualisation of migration: the debate about New Year’s Eve in Cologne

The article examines the public debate about New Year’s Eve in Cologne in 2015. Theoretical starting point is the idea that public debates are forms of social communication in which reality is produced and social events become meaningful. On the basis of a framing analysis, it is investigated what significance New Year’s Eve in Cologne has as a medial event for society. The question here is how the event is described and explained, how it is mentioned and interpreted, what significance it collectively receives and how these insights can be theoretically interpreted. The analysis shows that different frames were possible, such as the problematization of the work of the police. Instead, the discourse focused on the sexual behaviour of refugees and securitization and sexualisation of migration takes place.
#HOUHETSTRAAT: straatcultuur op social media?
Authors: Roks Robby , van den Broek Jeroen
Published: March 2018

#HOUHETSTRAAT: street culture on social media?

Research on street culture in the Netherlands constitutes an area of relative paucity. Moreover, even less is known about the virtualisation of street culture. In this article, we draw on the social media accounts of a network of delinquent youngsters from Spangen, a neighbourhood in the Dutch city of Rotterdam. Analyzing tweets and images on social media, we found Goffmans (1959) notion of the ‘front’ in three main themes: the importance of the negative image of the locality, the communication of criminality, and emphasizing an oppositional relationship with the police. We argue that these results illustrate the performance of a street identity on social media.
The Participation of p53 and bcl-2 Proteins in Gastric Carcinomas Associated with Helicobacter pylori and/or Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Authors: Szkaradkiewicz Andrzej , Karpiński Tomasz , Majewski Jan , Malinowska Kamila , Goślińska-Kuźniarek Olga , Linke Krzysztof
Published: March 2018

In the presented studies p53 and bcl-2 proteins expression were evaluated in samples of gastric carcinomas in patients with Helicobacter pylori or EBV or without H. pylori/EBV infection. The studies were conducted on 64 adult patients with gastric adenocarcinomas: 16 patients with H. pylori (cagA+)-positivity (group 1), 14 with EBV-positive tumours (group 2), 12 with H. pylori/EBV-positive tumours (group 3) and 22 patients with H. pylori/EBV-negative tumours (group 4). H. pylori presence in gastric tumour specimens was detected using Giemsa staining and bacterial culture technique. Moreover, cagA gene was detected using PCR. EBV infection was detected based on EBER presence in the tissue by RNA in situ hybridization. Expressions of p53 and bcl-2 proteins were analysed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of p53 was noted in 14 (84%) patients from group 1, 8 (57%) patients from group 2, 7 (58%) patients from group 3, and 19 (86%) patients from group 4, whereas expression of bcl-2 was noted in 12 (75%) patients from group 1, in 10 (71%) patients from group 2, 9 (75%) patients from group 3, and 6 (27%) patients from group 4. The obtained results allow the conclusion, that H. pylori (cagA+)-associated development of the gastric adenocarcinoma is determined by abnormalities in the p53 protein function and overexpression of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein, whereas EBV-associated adenocarcinomas seem to be related with apoptosis resistance associated with bcl-2 overexpression.
Optimization of Culture Parameters for Maximum Polyhydroxybutyrate Production by Selected Bacterial Strains Isolated from Rhizospheric Soils
Authors: Lathwal Priyanka , Nehra Kiran , Singh Manpreet , Jamdagani Pragati , Rana Jogender S.
Published: March 2018

The enormous applications of conventional non-biodegradable plastics have led towards their increased usage and accumulation in the environment. This has become one of the major causes of global environmental concern in the present century. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable plastic is known to have properties similar to conventional plastics, thus exhibiting a potential for replacing conventional non-degradable plastics. In the present study, a total of 303 different bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples collected from the rhizospheric area of three crops, viz., wheat, mustard and sugarcane. All the isolates were screened for PHB (Poly-3-hydroxy butyric acid) production using Sudan Black staining method, and 194 isolates were found to be PHB positive. Based upon the amount of PHB produced, the isolates were divided into three categories: high, medium and low producers. Representative isolates from each category were selected for biochemical characterization; and for optimization of various culture parameters (carbon source, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, different pH, temperature and incubation time periods) for maximizing PHB accumulation. The highest PHB yield was obtained when the culture medium was supplemented with glucose as the carbon source, ammonium sulphate at a concentration of 1.0 g/l as the nitrogen source, and by maintaining the C/N ratio of the medium as 20:1. The physical growth parameters which supported maximum PHB accumulation included a pH of 7.0, and an incubation temperature of 30°C for a period of 48 h. A few isolates exhibited high PHB accumulation under optimized conditions, thus showing a potential for their industrial exploitation.
Characteristics of Newly Isolated Geobacillus sp. ZY-10 Degrading Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil
Authors: Sun Yumei , Ning Zhanguo , Yang Fan , Li Xianzhen
Published: March 2018

An obligately thermophilic strain ZY-10 was isolated from the crude oil in a high-temperature oilfield, which was capable of degrading heavy crude oil. Phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolate should be grouped in the genus Geobacillus, which shared the highest similarity (99%) of the 16S rDNA sequence to Geobacillus stearothermophilus. However, the major cellular fatty acid iso-15:0 (28.55%), iso-16:0 (24.93%), iso-17:0 (23.53%) and the characteristics including indole production, tolerance to NaN3 and carbohydrate fermentation showed some difference from the recognized species in the genus Geobacillus. The isolate could use tridecane, hexadecane, octacosane and hexatridecane as sole carbon source for cell growth, and the digesting rate of long-chain alkane was lower than that of short-chain alkane. When the isolate was cultured in the heavy crude oil supplement with inorganic salts and trace yeast extract, the concentration of short-chain alkane was significantly increased and the content of long-chain alkane was decreased, suggesting that the larger hydrocarbon components in crude oil were degraded into shorter-chain alkane. Strain ZY-10 would be useful for improving the mobility of crude oil and upgrading heavy crude oil in situ.
Outpatient Antibiotic Consumption Fluctuations in a View of Unreasonable Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: CISZEWSKI MARCIN , CZEKAJ TOMASZ , SZEWCZYK ELIGIA M.
Published: March 2018

Unreasonable antibacterial therapy is suspected to be the main reason of emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. The connection between seasonal variability of antibiotic use and reasonable antibacterial therapy has been described. We examined the issue basing on the data obtained from the primary care system in Szczecin (Poland) in order to verify the situation in this region of Central Europe. Increase in antibiotic consumption in a viral infection season was proved to be statistically significant. Statistically significant differences in various drug forms dispensation were also observed. Increased consumption of antibiotics in seasons of influenza-like illnesses might be connected with a lack of proper diagnostics or numerous cases of bacterial co-infections.
Volební design, reformy a inženýrství v postjugoslávském prostoru 1990–2015
Authors: Höfer Karel
Published: March 2018

The article deals with the topic of electoral design, reforms, and engineering in the post-Yugoslav state entities between 1990 and 2015. First, it briefly conceptualizes a theoretical framework, drawing on the work by Katz, Shugart and Renwick. Second, it describes the evolution of electoral design and reforms to the main chambers in particular systems in detail. Third, it analyses and compares common trends in electoral reforms and design. Proportional representation (PR) list systems have been used for almost 90 % of all 60 elections (a PR list had been adopted by the fourth elections in all the systems). There have been 29 reforms in total (avg. 3.6 per entity), 1/5 of them major and 4/5 minor. Major reforms took place in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and in Serbia (one each) and in Croatia and Macedonia (two each). There have, however, been no major electoral reforms in Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, or Kosovo. Minor reforms have been present in all entities (the most in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro, the least in Kosovo and Slovenia). While major reforms were primarily used to correct parts of political systems perceived as dysfunctional, one third of minor reforms were used for intentional electoral engineering. Generally, post-Yugoslav electoral design can be considered unstable, with frequent electoral reforms by the state entities (avg. every 4.7 year). Each system also introduced its specific approach to national minorities, which facilitated their representation in the main chambers.
Malignant Mesothelioma in Individuals With Nonmesothelial Neoplasms
Authors: Butnor Kelly J. , Pavlisko Elizabeth N. , Sporn Thomas A. , Roggli Victor L.
Published: March 2018

Context.—

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a component of the BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. Other than in BAP1 familial studies, nonmesothelial neoplasms in individuals with MM has not been comprehensively assessed.

Objective.—

To assess the spectrum and prevalence of nonmesothelial neoplasms in individuals with MM.

Design.—

Individuals with MM and second neoplasms were identified from a database of 3900 MM cases. The expected prevalence of each type of neoplasm was calculated and compared with the actual prevalence in the study population using available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data and other published data.

Results.—

Two hundred seventy nonmesothelial neoplasms were identified in 241 individuals (6% of the study population) with MM. Prostate adenocarcinoma was most common. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, breast carcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma/plasmacytoma, meningioma, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, ocular melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, liposarcoma, and Wilms tumor all were more prevalent than expected.

Conclusions.—

Nonmesothelial neoplasms are uncommon in individuals with MM, but certain tumor types are increased in prevalence. In an unselected study population with respect to BAP1 status, the prevalence of several tumor types described in BAP1 mutation carriers, including lung carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, meningioma, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, and ocular melanoma, was increased.
Virginia Woolf: Entre l’escriptura i la malaltia
Authors: Ballester-Roca Josep , Ibarra-Rius Noelia
Published: March 2018

Els autors ofereixen una anàlisi de la malaltia mental en l’obra d’una escriptora clau del segle xx: Virginia Woolf. La revisió crítica del seu llegat literari ens permet acostar-nos a la que potser és una de les figuracions literàries més intenses al voltant de la malaltia, de les seues metàfores i, al temps, a les representacions, els eufemismes, silencis i monstres, plasmats en les pàgines de la vida i la singular veu d’una escriptora essencial.
Un empelt de ciència i ficció: Els trasplantaments a la literatura
Authors: Duran Xavier
Published: March 2018

Molt abans que es realitzessin els trasplantaments reeixits en humans, alguns escriptors n’havien narrat en la ficció. En aquest article mostrem alguns exemples i expliquem com fins i tot idees aparentment esbojarrades tenien la seva inspiració en experiments autèntics. A partir dels anys setanta, quan els trasplantaments ja s’han normalitzat, apareixen narracions que plantegen problemes reals, com la manca de donants. Les obres comentades mostren la importància que pot tenir la literatura per fer aportacions en el debat ètic i social sobre trasplantaments i per fer que arribin al màxim de sectors.
La literatura a la docència mèdica: La importància cabdal de la literatura en la formació dels estudiants de medicina
Authors: Baños Josep Eladi , Guardiola Elena
Published: March 2018

En els darrers anys ha crescut l’interès per la utilització de la literatura en el context mèdic amb diferents objectius. En primer lloc, fer-ne ús com a instrument pedagògic en estudiants de medicina ha permès millorar competències professionals necessàries però difícils d’assolir en la formació biologista tradicional. En segon lloc, les narracions dels pacients han esdevingut un element de gran interès per comprendre la vivència de les malalties. Finalment, es va reconeixent la utilitat de les obres literàries com a instrument adjuvant en la millora de la qualitat de vida dels pacients. En conclusió, la literatura constitueix un element de gran interès formatiu i pot millorar la relació amb els pacients perquè permet comprendre millor els aspectes emocionals de la seva malaltia.
Culpa, vida cotidiana y amor: Narrativas del sida en el tiempo de las triterapias
Authors: Poe Lang Karen
Published: March 2018

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la incidencia del tratamiento de las triterapias (combinación de tres fármacos antivirales, propuesto en el Congreso Internacional sobre el Sida de Vancouver en 1996) en tres textos literarios del corpus seropositivo hispanoamericano. Nuestro objetivo es rastrear las modificaciones, en relación con las narrativas del sida anteriores, en tres aspectos: el sentimiento de culpa, la vida cotidiana y la búsqueda del amor/erotismo. El corpus seleccionado está compuesto por la autobiografía Un año sin amor. Diario del sida (1998) del escritor argentino Pablo Pérez, la novela La promesante (2001) de la escritora nicaragüense Rosario Aguilar y el libro de crónicas Vivir con virus. Relatos de la vida cotidiana (2004) de la periodista argentina Marta Dillon.
HPO2GO: prediction of human phenotype ontology term associations using cross ontology annotation co-occurrences
Authors: Doğan Tunca
Published: March 2018

Analysing the relationships between biomolecules and the genetic diseases is a highly active area of research, where the aim is to identify the genes and their products that cause a particular disease due to functional changes originated from mutations. Biological ontologies are frequently employed in these studies, which provided researchers with extensive opportunities for knowledge discovery through computational data analysis. In this study, a novel approach is proposed for the identification of relationships between biomedical entities by automatically mapping phenotypic abnormality defining HPO terms with biomolecular function defining GO terms, where each association indicates the occurrence of the abnormality due to the loss of the biomolecular function expressed by the corresponding GO term. The proposed HPO2GO mappings were extracted by calculating the frequency of the co-annotations of the terms on the same genes/proteins, using already existing curated HPO and GO annotation sets. This was followed by the filtering of the unreliable mappings that could be observed due to chance, by statistical resampling of the co-occurrence similarity distributions. Furthermore, the biological relevance of the finalized mappings were discussed over selected cases, using the literature. The resulting HPO2GO mappings can be employed in different settings to predict and to analyse novel gene/protein - ontology term - disease relations. As an application of the proposed approach, HPO term - protein associations (i.e., HPO2protein) are predicted. In order to test the predictive performance of the method on a quantitative basis, and to compare it with the state-of-the-art, CAFA2 challenge HPO prediction target protein set was employed. The results of the benchmark indicated the potential of the proposed approach, as HPO2GO beat all models from 38 participating groups (with Fmax=0.402), by a margin of 12.6% compared to the top performer. It is important to note that, HPO2GO was not proposed to replace, but to complement the conventional approaches used in the field of biomedical relation discovery. The automated cross ontology mapping approach developed in this work can easily be extended to other ontologies as well, to identify unexplored relation patterns at the systemic level. The proposed approach will be more effective when combined with powerful techniques such as text/literature mining. The datasets, results and the source code of HPO2GO are available for download at: https://github.com/cansyl/HPO2GO.
Multiple object categorization and effect of spatial frequencies
Authors: Soliunas Alvydas , Pleskaciauskas Aleksandras , Daktariunas Algis
Published: March 2018

A process of interaction between objects and scene is widely investigated but much less attention is paid to the interaction between objects in multiple objects stimuli. In psychophysical experiment, we presented one, two, or three visual objects simultaneously for 100 ms and then asked subjects to answer whether objects belong to the same category (Experiments 1 and 2), or whether afterwards presented probe-word signify an object that was presented (Experiments 3 and 4). Interestingly, performance accuracy and reaction time did not depend on the number of objects if they belonged to the same category, but performance deteriorated when more categories were presented. Filtering out high or low spatial frequencies did not affect performance peculiarities of the objects of the same or different categories. The findings support assumption that visual objects of the same category could be identified simultaneously but the different categories are identified successively.
Sport 2.0
Authors: Miah Andy
Published: March 2018

Digital technology is changing everything about modern sports. Athletes and coaches rely on digital data to monitor and enhance performance. Officials use tracking systems to augment their judgment in what is an increasingly superhuman field of play. Spectators tune in to live sports through social media, or even through virtual reality. Audiences now act as citizen journalists whose collective shared data expands the places in which we consume sports news. Sport 2.0 examines the convergence of sports and digital cultures, examining not only how it affects our participation in sport but also how it changes our experience of life online. This convergence redefines how we think of about our bodies, the social function of sports, and it transforms the populations of people who are playing. Sport 2.0 describes a world in which the rise of competitive computer game playing—e-sports—challenges and invigorates the social mandate of both sports and digital culture. It also examines media change at the Olympic Games, as an exemplar of digital innovation in sports. Furthermore, the book offers a detailed look at the social media footprint of the 2012 London Games, discussing how organizers, sponsors, media, and activists responded to the world’s largest media event.
POMC neurons expressing leptin receptors coordinate metabolic responses to fasting via suppression of leptin levels
Authors: Caron Alexandre , Dungan Lemko Heather M , Castorena Carlos M , Fujikawa Teppei , Lee Syann , Lord Caleb C , Ahmed Newaz , Lee Charlotte E , Holland William L , Liu Chen , Elmquist Joel K
Published: March 2018

Leptin is critical for energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and for metabolic and neuroendocrine adaptations to starvation. A prevalent model predicts that leptin’s actions are mediated through pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that express leptin receptors (LEPRs). However, previous studies have used prenatal genetic manipulations, which may be subject to developmental compensation. Here, we tested the direct contribution of POMC neurons expressing LEPRs in regulating energy balance, glucose homeostasis and leptin secretion during fasting using a spatiotemporally controlledLeprexpression mouse model. We report a dissociation between leptin’s effects on glucose homeostasis versus energy balance in POMC neurons. We show that these neurons are dispensable for regulating food intake, but are required for coordinating hepatic glucose production and for the fasting-induced fall in leptin levels, independent of changes in fat mass. We also identify a role for sympathetic nervous system regulation of the inhibitory adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) in regulating leptin production. Collectively, our findings highlight a previously unrecognized role of POMC neurons in regulating leptin levels.
The anatomy of the foveola reinvestigated
Authors: Tschulakow Alexander V. , Oltrup Theo , Bende Thomas , Schmelzle Sebastian , Schraermeyer Ulrich
Published: March 2018

Objective

In the foveola of the eye, photoreceptors and Müller cells with a unique morphology have been described, but little is known about their 3D structure and orientation. Considering that there is an angle-dependent change in the foveolar photoreceptor response for the same light beam, known as the Stiles Crawford Effect of the first kind (SCE I), which is still not fully understood, a detailed analysis of the anatomy of the foveolar cells might help to clarify this phenomenon.

Methods

Serial semithin and ultrathin sections, and focused ion beam (FIB) tomography were prepared from 32 foveolae from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and humans. Foveolae were also analyzed under the electron microscope. Serial sections and FIB analysis were then used to construct 3D models of central Müller and photoreceptor cells. In addition, we measured the transmission of collimated light under the light microscope at different angles after it had passed through human foveae from flat mounted isolated retinae.

Results

In monkeys, outer segments of central foveolar cones are twice as long as those from parafoveal cones and do not run completely parallel to the incident light. Unique Müller cells are present in the central foveolae (area of 200 µm in diameter) of humans and monkeys. Light entering the fovea center, which is composed only of cones and Müller cells, at an angle of 0° causes a very bright spot after passing through this area. However, when the angle of the light beam is changed to 10°, less light is measured after transpasssing through the retina, the foveolar center becomes darker and the SCE-like phenomenon is directly visible. Measurements of the intensities of light transmission through the central foveola for the incident angles 0 and 10° resemble the relative luminance efficiency for narrow light bundles as a function of the location where the beam enters the pupil as reported by Stiles and Crawford. The effect persisted after carefully brushing away the outer segments.

Conclusion

We show that unique cones and Müller cells with light fibre-like properties are present in the center of the fovea. These unique Müller cells cause an angle dependent, SCE-like drop in the intensity of light guided through the foveola. Outer segments from the foveolar cones of monkeys are not straight.
The association between students taking elective courses in chiropractic technique and their anticipated chiropractic technique choices in future practice
Authors: Wanlass Paul W. , Sikorski David M. , Kizhakkeveettil Anupama , Tobias Gene S.
Published: March 2018

Objective:

To assess students' opinions of the potential influence of taking elective courses in chiropractic techniques and their future practice preferences.

Methods:

An anonymous, voluntary survey was conducted among graduating students from a doctor of chiropractic program. The survey included questions regarding the chiropractic technique elective courses they had completed and the potential influence of these courses on their chiropractic technique choices in future practice. Surveys were pretested for face validity, and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

Of the 56 surveys distributed, 46 were completed, for a response rate of 82%. More than half of the students reported having taken at least 1 elective course in diversified technique (80%), Cox technique (76%), Activator Methods (70%), or sacro-occipital technique (63%). Less than half of the respondents reported taking technique elective courses in Gonstead or Thompson techniques. More than half of the students stated they were more likely to use Activator (72%), Thompson (68%), diversified (57%), or Cox (54%) techniques in their future practice after taking an elective course in that technique. Females stated that they were more likely to use Activator Methods (p = .006) in future practice.

Conclusion:

Chiropractic technique elective courses in the doctor of chiropractic curriculum may influence students' choices of future practice chiropractic technique.
Depth‐Dependent Permeability and Heat Output at Basalt‐Hosted Hydrothermal Systems Across Mid‐Ocean Ridge Spreading Rates
Authors: Barreyre Thibaut , Olive Jean‐Arthur , Crone Timothy J. , Sohn Robert A.
Published: March 2018

The permeability of the oceanic crust exerts a primary influence on the vigor of hydrothermal circulation at mid‐ocean ridges, but it is a difficult to measure parameter that varies with time, space, and geological setting. Here we develop an analytical model for the poroelastic response of hydrothermal exit‐fluid velocities and temperatures to ocean tidal loading in a two‐layered medium to constrain the discharge zone permeability of each layer. The top layer, corresponding to extrusive lithologies (e.g., seismic layer 2A) overlies a lower permeability layer, corresponding to intrusive lithologies (e.g., layer 2B). We apply the model to three basalt‐hosted hydrothermal fields (i.e., Lucky Strike, Main Endeavour and 9°46′N L‐vent) for which the seismic stratigraphy is well‐established, and for which robust exit‐fluid temperature data are available. We find that the poroelastic response to tidal loading is primarily controlled by layer 2A permeability, which is about 3 orders of magnitude higher for the Lucky Strike site (∼10−10 m2) than the 9°46′N L‐vent site (∼10−13 m2). By contrast, layer 2B permeability does not exert a strong control on the poroelastic response to tidal loading, yet strongly modulates the heat output of hydrothermal discharge zones. Taking these constraints into account, we estimate a plausible range of layer 2B permeability between ∼10−15 m2 and an upper‐bound value of ∼10−14 (9°46′N L‐vent) to ∼10−12 m2 (Lucky Strike). These permeability structures reconcile the short‐term response and long‐term thermal output of hydrothermal sites, and provide new insights into the links between permeability and tectono‐magmatic processes along the global mid‐ocean ridge.
Behavior of the Paleosecular Variation During the Permian‐Carboniferous Reversed Superchron and Comparisons to the Low Reversal Frequency Intervals Since Precambrian Times
Authors: de Oliveira Wellington Paulo , Franco Daniel Ribeiro , Brandt Daniele , Ernesto Marcia , da Ponte Neto Cosme Ferreira , Zhao Xixi , de Freitas Felipe Barbosa Venâncio , Martins Ricardo Sant'Anna
Published: March 2018

We investigated the (paleo)latitudinal dependence of angular dispersion sets of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) for the Permian‐Carboniferous Reversed Superchron (PCRS: 262–318 Ma). In order to analyze the paleosecular variation during this period, we prepared different paleomagnetic data sets from scientific databases and recent literature, based on selection criteria which provided high degree of refinement. Model G of McFadden et al. (1988) was fitted to the VGP dispersion data, providing the shape parameters a and b, which were further compared with similar results for the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS) and other periods of different geomagnetic reversal rates throughout the last 3 Ga. Our results indicate high similarity between the angular VGP dispersion from the PCRS and CNS (a low VGP dispersion at low paleolatitudes, and strong paleolatitudinal dependence), in contrasting difference for periods of higher reversal rates (the last 5 Ma). Despite the geodynamic differences related to both Phanerozoic superchrons, such evidence could point out similar heat flux conditions in the CMB, which may favor compatible stability conditions throughout these magnetozones. Notably, two additional observations which arose from the shape parameters relations for both Phanerozoic superchrons and Precambrian data sets demand further investigation: (i) a pattern of increase for the b/a ratio throughout the 0.5–1.6 Ga interval was observed, which could be partially explained by the Maya Superchron, recently proposed by Gallet et al. (2012) and (ii) the b × a relationship for both Phanerozoic superchrons and the 2.45–2.82 Ga interval pointed to the presence of one or more long‐term magnetozones throughout the Paleoproterozoic.
Nepartak Typhoon Influenced Bottom Sediments From the Yangtze River Estuary and Adjacent East China Sea‐Foraminiferal Evidence
Authors: Wang Feifei , Yu Zhigang , Xu Bochao , Liu Jian , Guo Xiaoyi , Nan Haiming
Published: March 2018

Foraminiferal taphocoenose characteristics, notably allochthonous tests in surface sediment samples from the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent areas in the East China Sea, were examined during (July 2016) and after typhoon Nepartak (February 2017) crossed this region. A comparison of transport indices from five sample stations reveals that this typhoon significantly strengthened sediment transport, although the transport in predominate direction (TWCnorth branch) occurs all year. Moreover, findings from a comprehensive impact of currents, topography, test size, and shape, as well as other abiotic factors, show that transport occurs in the order (from stronger to weaker): south‐north path ≫ southeast‐northwest path > nearshore‐northeast path. Along the south‐north path, the TWCnorth branch transports larger tests of taxa Ammonia compressiuscula and Cavarotalia annectens as bed load along the gentle seabed in a rolling or saltating process. Results from the southeast‐northwest path show smaller and bulging tests of the dominant species Epistominella naraensis and Bolivina robusta may be transported as suspension load along the steep submarine valley by the TWCnorthwest branch. On the nearshore‐northeast path, only part of allochthonous tests Ammonia beccarii vars. was transported, probably due to distance traveled and weakening of the typhoon. Furthermore, we also infer the northeastern area as a sink zone that accumulates grains of allochthonous tests predominantly from the southern source zone, and a selection of tests from littoral species originating from the nearshore source zone. It is important to identify and independently count allochthonous test samples if a large number of these tests are recorded. Findings from this study provide a reference to identify and investigate typhoon modern effects in areas with complex currents and frequent strong physical dynamic events, as well as their geological records.
Ionospheric Conductance Spatial Distribution During Geomagnetic Field Reversals
Authors: Zossi Bruno S. , Elias Ana G. , Fagre Mariano
Published: March 2018

The conductivity of the ionosphere is extremely important in geophysical processes and plays a critical role in magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling. Understanding its nature is essential to understand the physics of ionospheric electrodynamics. Earth's magnetic field, which varies greatly in geological time scales, is among the main variables involved in ionospheric conductivity. The present field can be approximated by a magnetic dipole that accounts for ~80% of the magnetic field at the Earth's surface, plus multipolar components making up the remaining ~20%. During a polarity transition the field magnitude diminishes to about 10% of its normal value at the expense, most likely, of decreasing the dipolar component and becoming mostly multipolar in nature. The effects of geomagnetic field variations on the spatial structure of Hall and Pedersen conductances are analyzed in the present work considering some possible reversal scenarios. The spatial structure of both conductances changes significantly with sharp spatial gradients. The conductivity peak heights also change, moving to upper heights as expected for weaker field configurations.
Jupiter's Aurora Observed With HST During Juno Orbits 3 to 7
Authors: Grodent Denis , Bonfond B. , Yao Z. , Gérard J.‐C. , Radioti A. , Dumont M. , Palmaerts B. , Adriani A. , Badman S. V. , Bunce E. J. , Clarke J. T. , Connerney J. E. P. , Gladstone G. R. , Greathouse T. , Kimura T. , Kurth W. S. , Mauk B. H. , McComas D. J. , Nichols J. D. , Orton G. S. , Roth L. , Saur J. , Valek P.
Published: March 2018

A large set of observations of Jupiter's ultraviolet aurora was collected with the Hubble Space Telescope concurrently with the NASA‐Juno mission, during an eight‐month period, from 30 November 2016 to 18 July 2017. These Hubble observations cover Juno orbits 3 to 7 during which Juno in situ and remote sensing instruments, as well as other observatories, obtained a wealth of unprecedented information on Jupiter's magnetosphere and the connection with its auroral ionosphere. Jupiter's ultraviolet aurora is known to vary rapidly, with timescales ranging from seconds to one Jovian rotation. The main objective of the present study is to provide a simplified description of the global ultraviolet auroral morphology that can be used for comparison with other quantities, such as those obtained with Juno. This represents an entirely new approach from which logical connections between different morphologies may be inferred. For that purpose, we define three auroral subregions in which we evaluate the auroral emitted power as a function of time. In parallel, we define six auroral morphology families that allow us to quantify the variations of the spatial distribution of the auroral emission. These variations are associated with changes in the state of the Jovian magnetosphere, possibly influenced by Io and the Io plasma torus and by the conditions prevailing in the upstream interplanetary medium. This study shows that the auroral morphology evolved differently during the five ~2 week periods bracketing the times of Juno perijove (PJ03 to PJ07), suggesting that during these periods, the Jovian magnetosphere adopted various states.
Seismicity Relocation and Fault Structure Near the Leech River Fault Zone, Southern Vancouver Island
Authors: Li Ge , Liu Yajing , Regalla Christine , Morell Kristin D.
Published: March 2018

Relatively low rates of seismicity and fault loading have made it challenging to correlate microseismicity to mapped surface faults on the forearc of southern Vancouver Island. Here we use precise relocations of microseismicity integrated with existing geologic data to present the first identification of subsurface seismogenic structures associated with the Leech River fault zone on southern Vancouver Island. We used the HypoDD double‐difference relocation method to relocate 1,253 earthquakes reported by the Canadian National Seismograph Network catalog from 1992 to 2015. Our results reveal an ~8–10 km wide, NNE dipping zone of seismicity representing a subsurface structure along the eastern 30 km of the terrestrial Leech River fault zone and extending 20 km farther eastward offshore, where the fault bifurcates beneath the Juan de Fuca Strait. Using a clustering analysis, we identify secondary structures within the NNE dipping fault zone, many of which are subvertical and exhibit right‐lateral strike‐slip focal mechanisms. We suggest that the arrangement of these near‐vertical dextral secondary structures within a more general NE dipping fault zone, located 10–15 km beneath the Leech River fault as imaged by LITHOPROBE, may be a consequence of the reactivation of this fault system as a right‐lateral structure in crust with a preexisting NNE dipping structural fabric. Our results provide the first confirmation of active terrestrial crustal faults on Vancouver Island using a relocation method. We suggest that slowly slipping active crustal faults, especially in regions with preexisting foliations, may result in microseismicity along fracture arrays rather than along single planar structures.
On the Use of Satellite Altimetry to Detect Ocean Circulation's Magnetic Signals
Authors: Saynisch J. , Irrgang C. , Thomas M.
Published: March 2018

Oceanic magnetic signals are sensitive to ocean velocity, salinity, and heat content. The detection of respective signals with global satellite magnetometers would pose a very valuable source of information. While tidal magnetic fields are already detected, electromagnetic signals of the ocean circulation still remain unobserved from space. We propose to use satellite altimetry to construct proxy magnetic signals of the ocean circulation. These proxy time series could subsequently be fitted to satellite magnetometer data. The fitted data could be removed from the observations or the fitting constants could be analyzed for physical properties of the ocean, e.g., the heat budget. To test and evaluate this approach, synthetic true and proxy magnetic signals are derived from a global circulation model of the ocean. Both data sets are compared in dependence of location and time scale. We study and report when and where the proxy data describe the true signal sufficiently well. Correlations above 0.6 and explained variances of above 80% can be reported for large parts of the Antarctic ocean, thus explaining the major part of the global, subseasonal magnetic signal.
The Role of Convective Gustiness in Reducing Seasonal Precipitation Biases in the Tropical West Pacific
Authors: Harrop Bryce E. , Ma Po‐Lun , Rasch Philip J. , Neale Richard B. , Hannay Cecile
Published: March 2018

Precipitation is an important climate quantity that is critically relevant to society. In spite of intense efforts, significant precipitation biases remain in most climate models. One pervasive and persistent bias found in many general circulation models occurs in the Tropical West Pacific where northern hemisphere summer‐time precipitation is often underestimated compared to observations. Using the DOE‐E3SM model, the inclusion of a missing process, convective gustiness, is shown to reduce those biases through a net increase in surface evaporation. Gustiness in surface wind fields is assumed to arise empirically in proportion to the intensity of convective precipitation. The increased evaporation can be treated as an increase in the moist static energy forcing into the atmosphere. A Normalized Gross Moist Stability (NGMS) framework (which characterizes the relationship between convective forcing and convective response) is used to explore the processes responsible for the precipitation bias, and the impact of the gustiness parameterization in reducing that bias. Because the NGMS of the Tropical West Pacific is less than unity in the E3SMv1 model, the increase in energy forcing amplifies the increase in precipitation to exceed that of the evaporative flux. Convective gustiness favors increased precipitation in regions where the resolved surface winds are weak and convection is present.
Reactive aggression tracks within‐participant changes in women's salivary testosterone
Authors: Probst Fabian , Golle Jessika , Lory Vanda , Lobmaier Janek S.
Published: March 2018

The relation between testosterone and aggression has been relatively well documented in men, but it is less well understood in women. Here we assessed the relationship between salivary testosterone and reactive aggression (i.e., rejection rate for unfair offers) in the Ultimatum Game. Forty naturally cycling women were tested twice, once in the late follicular phase (around ovulation) and once during the luteal phase. Ovulation was determined using urine test strips measuring luteinizing hormone levels. Salivary samples were assayed for testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol at both test sessions. There was no association with the cycle, but multilevel modeling revealed a significant within‐participant association between testosterone and rejection rate for extremely unfair offers (i.e., high reactive aggression), indicating that women showed greater reactive aggression when their testosterone levels were higher. Additionally, we found that women with relatively high individual concentrations of testosterone were more likely to reject extremely unfair offers than women with relatively low concentrations of testosterone. This study is the first to demonstrate that women react more aggressively in response to provocation when their testosterone level is high than when their testosterone is low, suggesting that testosterone plays an important role in the regulation of women's aggressive behavior following social provocation.