bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Morphology and Acetone Gas Sensing Properties of Fe3O4-C Nanocomposites Prepared via Green Synthesis
Authors: Boudouh Djahida , Zamiri Golnoush , Wong Yew Hoong , Achour Slimane , Hamana Djamel , Chetibi Loubna , Metselaar Hendrik Simon Cornelis
Published: June 2023

Fe3O4-C nanostructured composites were used for the fabrication of thin films as active layers in resistive chemical sensors. Nearly spherical and porous structures were obtained via green method using olive leaf extract (OLE) followed by thermal process at 300 °C and 550 °C, respectively, for high-performance gas sensing applications. The prepared sensors were measured with various concentrations of toxic gases such as acetone (C3H6O), ethanol (C2H5OH), and carbon dioxide (CO2) at different operating temperatures. The gas sensing results illustrated that the porous structure of Fe3O4-C nanocomposite exhibited high response of 15.71, 225.35 and 3141.66 toward 20, 100 and 1000 ppm of acetone gas at 300 °C. The sensor based on porous structure of Fe3O4-C nanocomposite also indicated fast response and recovery time as well as higher response to acetone compared to ethanol and CO2 gases. The better gas-sensing properties of the porous nanostructures can be attributed to the higher surface area of porous compared with the nearly spherical structure which is confirmed using BET analysis. The gas sensing performance of porous Fe3O4-C nanocomposite reveals that it can be a good sensing material for the fabrication of acetone gas sensors.
Similar Perceptions on Continuous Glucose Monitor Use amongst Youth with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Phu Alexander , Lin Tyger , Manfredo Jacquelyn A. , Brown Elizabeth A. , Wolf Risa M.
Published: June 2023

Background and Objective. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is shown to improve quality of life (QoL) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet there is limited data on CGM in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective was to compare perceptions of CGM and QoL between patients with T1D and T2D. Methods. Youth with T1D and T2D (currently on insulin therapy) without current CGM participated in a prospective CGM study and were given a series of questionnaires when starting CGM intervention. BenCGM and BurCGM questionnaires assessed the participant’s perspectives on continuous glucose monitor use, while DDS surveys assessed participants’ QoL associated with diabetes. Survey results were compared between T1D and T2D groups, and multivariable analysis was used to assess differences in perceptions of continuous glucose monitor use in youth with diabetes. Results. Participants with T1D (n = 26, 65.4% male, 42.3% non-Hispanic black, median age 14.2 years, median HbA1c 10.3%) and T2D (n = 41, 39% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic black, median age 16.2 years, median HbA1c 10.3%) scored similarly on the BenCGM, BurCGM, and DDS surveys. In a pooled analysis of both T1D and T2D, there was no difference in survey results by race/ethnicity, but female youth had an increased odd of diabetes-related distress, specifically regimen-related distress. Conclusions. Youth with T1D and T2D on insulin therapy report similar perspectives on continuous glucose monitor use and QoL measures. Insulin use in both T1D and T2D may carry a similar burden of management, and CGM may help improve quality of life. Trial registration: This trial is registered with NCT04721145, NCT04721158.
Forty Years of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Laser and Particle Beams
Authors: Palleschi Vincenzo , Ramakrishna Bhuvanesh
Published: June 2023

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is one of the most promising laser-based analytical techniques. Coincidentally, the LIBS acronym was proposed by Radziemski and Loree in two seminal papers published in 1981, almost at the same time in which the Laser and Particle Beams journal started its publication. In this contribution, the evolution of the LIBS technique is discussed following a chronological collection of key papers in LIBS, some of which were in fact published on LPB.
A Novel Bioimplant Comprising Ad-BMP9-Transfected BMSCs and GelMA Microspheres Produced from Microfluidic Devices for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nie Li , Liu Wei , Chen Jiajun , Zhou Siqi , Liu Chang , Li Wenhui , Ran Zhiyue , Liu Yaxian , Hu Jing , Zhang Yuxin , Zheng Liwen , Ji Ping , Zhang Hongmei
Published: June 2023

Oral and maxillofacial bone defect repair in patients remains challenging in clinical treatment due to the different morphologies of bone defects. An injectable hydrogel of microspheres with sustained bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) expression for oral and maxillofacial bone defect repair has been developed. This study is bioinspired by the substantial osteogenesis property of recombinant adenoviruses expressing bone morphogenetic protein 9 (Ad-BMP9) and minimally invasive treatment by injection. A novel scaffold encompassing bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with Ad-BMP9 was produced and cocultured on a superficial surface of monodisperse photocrosslinked methacrylate gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GelMA/MS, produced with microfluidic technology). The biological tests including live/dead cell staining, phalloidin staining, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and staining, alizarin red S staining, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), revealed that the hydrogel microspheres exhibited good biocompatibility and remarkably promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. In addition, a small needle was injected the innovative scaffold beneath the nude mice’s skin. The micro-CT and histological staining assay results demonstrated that the new implant, with high blood vessel formation markers (CD31-positive cells) expression over four and eight weeks, achieved significant vascularized bone-like tissue formation. Consequently, the injectable hydrogel microspheres, cocultured with BMSC transfected with Ad-BMP9, enhanced vascularized bone regeneration, therefore representing a facile and promising technique for the minimally invasive treatment of oral and maxillofacial bone defects.
Analysis of Climate Variability and Trends for Climate-Resilient Maize Farming System in Major Agroecology Zones of Ethiopia
Authors: Zeleke Abebe , Tesfaye Kindie , Tadesse Tilahun , Alem Teferi , Ademe Dereje , Adgo Enyew
Published: June 2023

Maize is one of the most important cereal food crops, and it can be grown all year in various agroecological zones. However, its vegetative growth and yield are susceptible to rainfall and temperature variability. As a result, the analysis of rainfall and temperature variability and trend was urgently needed in maize-growing agroecology zones to restructure the production system. The aim of the study was to examine rainfall and temperature variability and trends for developing a climate-resilient maize farming system in major agroecology zones in northwest Ethiopia. The study was implemented in low productive agroecology zones (LPZ), medium productive agroecology zones (MPZ), and high productive agroecology zones (HPZ) of northwest Ethiopia using daily time series climate data during the period 1987–2018. The coefficient of variation (CV), precipitation concentration index (PCI), rainfall anomaly index (RAI), and standardized precipitation (SPI) were applied to examine rainfall variability. Mann–Kendall’s and Sen’s slope estimator trend tests were used to detecting the statistical significance of changes in rainfall and temperature. Statistically significant increasing trends for annual maximum and minimum temperatures were recorded for all maize-producing agroecology zones. The mean annual temperature has exhibited a significant warming trend of 0.12 to 0.54°C per decade. The average annual rainfall has decreased by 38 to 67 mm per decade in all maize agroecology zones. Our research also showed that droughts now happen every one to three years; even consecutive droughts were seen in 2009, 2010, and 2011. For this reason, it could be required to develop a system of climate-resilient maize farming to address the issues of both global warming and the sub-Saharan countries that make up our study area. Climate-resilient maize agronomic activities have been determined by analyzing the onset, length of the growth period (LGP), and cessation date. Accordingly, the lower and upper quartiles of the date of onset of rainfall were in a range of May 9 to June 2, respectively; the length of the growth period (LGP) during the rainy season ranges from 97 to 232 days, and the cessation date of rainfall was November 1. Therefore, the short- to long-maturing maize varieties can be planted from May 9 to June 2 and can begin to be harvested in the first week of November under the current climatic circumstances.
Predicting Strength Properties of High-Performance Concrete Modified with Natural Aggregates and Ferroslag under Varied Curing Conditions
Authors: Soundararajan Muthumani , Jayaprakash Sridhar , Maniarasan S. K. , Gobinath Ravindran
Published: June 2023

High-performance concrete (HPC) is obtained by inclusion of mineral admixtures like silica fumes and fly ash to the normal concrete. Consumption of natural materials such as sand, natural aggregates, and limestone produces environmental degradation. Similarly, industrial by-products such as fly ash, silica fume, and ferro slag need to be safely disposed of without negatively impacting the environment. The problem being addressed in this study is the need to develop high-performance concrete (HPC) that is durable and environmentally friendly. In recent years, the use of natural aggregates and ferro slag as partial replacements for traditional aggregates has gained attention as a sustainable alternative in the production of concrete. However, there is limited research on the effect of these materials on the mechanical and durability properties of HPC under varied curing conditions. In this current research, high-performance concrete of M60 grade with partial substitution of coarse aggregate with ferro slag aggregate was formed as per the recommendations of the American Concrete Institute with the inclusion of fly ash and silica fume. Natural coarse aggregate was partly substituted by ferro slag aggregate in proportions from 0% to 40%. Partial substitution of cement was made with 15% of fly ash and 10% of silica fumes. Specimens of normal concrete mix (MF0) and modified ferro slag aggregate concrete mix (MF20, MF30, and MF40) were prepared and subjected to acid test, sulphate test, and alternate wet and drying tests to assess the compressive strength of the concrete mixes. Central composite design (CCD) of RSM modelling was adopted to recommend a regression model to forecast the compressive strength of concrete under wetting drying test, acid test, and sulphate attack. Further, natural aggregate, ferro slag, and duration of curing were considered as basic variables to suggest the model. Regression models for response data were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pareto charts. The results show that the mix MF30 (30% substitution of natural aggregate by ferro slag aggregate) had higher compressive strength. The residual compressive strength at 270 days under alternate wetting and drying, acid attack, and sulphate attack was obtained as 62 MPa, 62.50 MPa, and 66.50 MPa, respectively. Similarly, the percentage loss of weight was obtained as 12.92%, 12.22%, and 6.60% for alternate wetting and drying, acid attack, and sulphate attack, respectively. The findings of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicate that the most significant factors influencing the variables

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are natural aggregate, ferro slag, and curing period. The regression models for

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are extremely significant, as shown by the ANOVA and Pareto chart analyses.
An Online Version of Physical Exercise with Musical Accompaniment Might Facilitate Participation by Subjects Who Cannot Participate in Person: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Satoh Masayuki , Tabei Ken-ichi , Ogawa Jun-ichi , Abe Makiko , Kamikawa Chiaki , Ota Yoshinori
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Due to the ongoing outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is currently difficult to conduct in-person exercise classes. We thus started the program of an online physical exercise with musical accompaniment. Several interesting differences were found in the characteristics of the online participants compared with our previous in-person interventions. Participants and Methods: The total number of subjects was 88 (71.2 ± 4.9 years old; male 42, female 46). The questionnaire included the attributes of the participants, the perceived advantages of the exercise classes, and the presence or absence of noticeable changes in cognitive and physical function after participating in the classes. Results: The personal computers used to attend the online classes were operated by the participants themselves. About 42% of the participants felt that their sense of day of the week and volition were improved by attending the exercise classes for 3 months. The most frequent answer to the reason for participation was because it was free (81.8%). The second most frequent answer was because the classes were held online (75.0%). Almost half of the participants answered that they would not participate if it was held in person because of the risk of COVID-19 infection (75.0%) and the difficulty getting to the site where the exercise classes were held (59.1%). Conclusion: Online physical exercise with musical accompaniment improved the perceived orientation, volition, activity, exercise habits, and health condition in 30–40% of the participants and also stimulated greater participation by males compared to classes held in person.
Durable Response to Maintenance Treatment Comprised of Viagenpumatucel-L, Nivolumab, Ramucirumab, and Docetaxel in a PD-L1-Low Advanced-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Gollard Russell , Arana Bill , Kaltenbrun Erin , Tebbey Paul
Published: June 2023

Checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) are now standard of care for late-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, only a minority of patients treated with a CI show clinical benefit compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone, regardless of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels. We describe a case of durable tumor response and disease stabilization in a patient with advanced pretreated squamous NSCLC given a maintenance treatment comprised of nivolumab, docetaxel, and ramucirumab combined with the allogeneic cellular cancer vaccine viagenpumatucel-L over a period of 28 months. Our case suggests that combination strategies that serve to sensitize tumors to checkpoint inhibition, even in patients refractory to available treatment, may lead to improved efficacy.
Relapsed Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia and Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Complex Cytogenetics: A Treatment Dilemma
Authors: Kalantri Shreyas , Singh Inderpreet , Yang Long , Abuelgasim Khadega A.
Published: June 2023

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow by clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin M as defined by the World Health Organization Classification of hematological malignancies. Historically, the treatment options for WM were limited to alkylating agents and purine analogs. The introduction of immune therapy, including CD20 targeted therapy, proteasome inhibitors, and immune modulators, has provided benefit to those patients and has now become the standard of care. As WM patients become long-term survivors, treatment’s late toxicities have become more apparent. Here, we report a case of a 74-year-old female who presented to the hospital with fatigue and was diagnosed with WM. She was treated with bortezomib, doxorubicin, and bendamustine, followed by rituximab. After a remission period of 15 years, the patient had a relapse of WM, and bone marrow biopsy findings were consistent with intermediate-risk t-MDS with complex cytogenetics, presenting us with a treatment dilemma. We decided to treat WM, and the patient went into VGPR with residual lymphoma cells. Despite having dysplasia and complex cytogenetics, she did not have any cytopenia. Currently, she is under observation anticipating the progression of her MDS, given her intermediate I risk status. This case features the occurrence of t-MDS after therapy with bendamustine, cladribine, and doxorubicin. This highlights the need for closer monitoring and consideration of long-term adverse effects when treating patients with indolent lymphomas, especially WM. Late complications need to be considered, and risk versus benefit analysis needs to be carefully evaluated, especially in younger patients with WM.
Geographic Atrophy in AMD: Prognostic Factors Based on Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Cedro Luca , Hoffmann Laura , Hatz Katja
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The aim of this large-scale long-term retrospective study was to show the enlargement rate (ER) of geographic atrophy (GA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), defined as complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA), to find predictors of progression in a clinical routine setting and to compare GA evaluation methods. Methods: All patients available in our database with follow-up of at least 24 months and cRORA in at least one eye, regardless of neovascular AMD being present, were included. SD-OCT and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) evaluations were performed according to a standardized protocol. The cRORA area ER, the cRORA square root area ER, the FAF GA area, and the condition of the outer retina (inner-/outer-segment [IS/OS] line and external limiting membrane [ELM] disruption scores) were determined. Results: 204 eyes of 129 patients were included. Mean follow-up time was 4.2 ± 2.2 (range 2–10) years. 109 of 204 (53.4%) eyes were classified as MNV-associated GA in AMD (initially or during follow-up); 95 of 204 (46.6%) eyes were classified as pure GA in AMD. The primary lesion was unifocal in 146 (72%) eyes and multifocal in 58 (28%) eyes. A strong correlation was observed between the area of cRORA (SD-OCT) and the FAF GA area (r = 0.924; p < 0.001). Mean ER was 1.44 ± 1.2 mm2/year, mean square root ER 0.29 ± 0.19 mm/year. There was no significant difference in mean ER between eyes without (pure GA) and with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (MNV-associated GA) (0.30 ± 0.19 mm/year vs. 0.28 ± 0.20 mm/year; p = 0.466). Eyes with multifocal atrophy pattern at baseline had a significantly higher mean ER compared to eyes with unifocal pattern (0.34 ± 0.19 mm/year vs. 0.27 ± 1.19 mm/year; p = 0.008). There were moderate significant correlations between ELM and IS/OS disruption scores and visual acuity at baseline, 5 and 7 years (all r values ca. −0.5; p < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, a multifocal cRORA pattern at baseline (p = 0.022) and a smaller baseline lesion size (p = 0.036) were associated with a higher mean ER. Conclusion: SD-OCT-evaluated cRORA area might serve as a GA parameter comparable to traditional FAF measurement in clinical routine. The dispersion pattern and baseline lesion size might be predictors of ER, whereas anti-VEGF treatment seems not to be associated with ER.
Airway Stents from Now to the Future: A Narrative Review
Authors: Li Liangyuan , Zhang Xinyuan , Shi Jingyu , Chen Yu , Wan Huajing , Herth Felix J. , Luo Fengming
Published: June 2023

Airway stent insertion is important for patients with airway stenosis. Currently, the most widely used airway stents in clinical procedures are silicone and metallic stents, which offer patients effective treatment. However, these stents composed of permanent materials need to be removed, subjecting patients to invasive manipulation once more. As a result, there is a growing demand for biodegradable airway stents. Biodegradable materials for airway stents are now available in two types: biodegradable polymers and biodegradable alloys. Polymers that include poly (l-lactic acid), poly (D, l-lactide-co-glycolide), polycaprolactone, and polydioxanone are the ultimate metabolites which are generally carbon dioxide and water. Magnesium alloys are the most often utilized metal biodegradable materials for airway stents. The stent’s mechanical properties and rate of degradation vary as a result of the different materials, cutting techniques, and structural configurations. We summarized the information above from recent studies on biodegradable airway stents conducted in both animals and humans. There is great potential for clinical applications for biodegradable airway stents. They avoid damage to the trachea during removal and reduce complications to some extent. However, several significant technical difficulties slow down the development of biodegradable airway stents. The efficacy and safety of different biodegradable airway stents still need to be investigated and proved.
Natural Language Processing to Extract Meaningful Information from a Corpus of Written Knowledge in Breast Cancer: Transforming Books into Data
Authors: Catanuto Giuseppe , Rocco Nicola , Balafa Konstantina , Masannat Yazan , Karakatsanis Andreas , Maglia Anna , Barry Peter , Pappalardo Francesco , Nava Maurizio Bruno , Caruso Francesco
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Books and papers are the most relevant source of theoretical knowledge for medical education. New technologies of artificial intelligence can be designed to assist in selected educational tasks, such as reading a corpus made up of multiple documents and extracting relevant information in a quantitative way. Methods: Thirty experts were selected transparently using an online public call on the website of the sponsor organization and on its social media. Six books edited or co-edited by members of this panel containing a general knowledge of breast cancer or specific surgical knowledge have been acquired. This collection was used by a team of computer scientists to train an artificial neural network based on a technique called Word2Vec. Results: The corpus of six books contained about 2.2 billion words for 300d vectors. A few tests were performed. We evaluated cosine similarity between different words. Discussion: This work represents an initial attempt to derive formal information from textual corpus. It can be used to perform an augmented reading of the corpus of knowledge available in books and papers as part of a discipline. This can generate new hypothesis and provide an actual estimate of their association within the expert opinions. Word embedding can also be a good tool when used in accruing narrative information from clinical notes, reports, etc., and produce prediction about outcomes. More work is expected in this promising field to generate “real-world evidence.”
Isoniazid-Induced Psychosis in a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Khanna Shreshth , Pant Suchita , Khanna Harsh
Published: June 2023

Isoniazid is one of the most important drugs in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis; of all the antituberculous drugs, it is one of the most commonly implicated drugs in drug-induced psychosis. We report a case of isoniazid-induced psychosis in a 31-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Inner Retinal Thickness and Vasculature in Patients with Reticular Pseudodrusen
Authors: Kalaw Fritz Gerald P. , Alex Varsha , Walker Evan , Bartsch Dirk-Uwe , Freeman William R , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate retinal layer thickness and vessel density differences between patients with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). Methods: Participants included in the study were patients diagnosed by retinal specialists with RPD, iAMD, and both RPD and iAMD at our academic referral center, seen from May 2021 until February 2022. The central 3 mm retinal thickness was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT System; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Individual retinal thickness measurements were obtained from the innermost layer (nerve fiber layer) until the outermost layer (retinal pigment epithelium [RPE]). Each thickness measurement was subdivided into nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sectors. For the vessel density, OCT angiography from the Heidelberg Spectralis System was measured using proprietary third-party software (AngioTool; National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD). Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared across the three groups (iAMD, RPD, iAMD and RPD) and analyzed with necessary adjustments. Linear mixed-effects models with necessary corrections were employed to compare continuous eye-level measurements between our three groups as well as in pairwise fashion using the R statistical programming software (R version 4.2.1). Results: A total of 25 eyes of 17 patients with RPD, 20 eyes of 15 patients with iAMD, and 14 eyes of 9 patients with both iAMD and RPD were analyzed. Retinal thickness analysis identified that the superior inner (p = 0.028) and superior outer (p = 0.027) maculas of eyes with both iAMD and RPD were significantly thinner than those with iAMD alone. In eyes with RPD, the superior inner and superior outer RPE (p = 0.011 and p = 0.05, respectively), outer plexiform layer (p = 0.003 and p = 0.013, respectively), and inner nuclear layer (p = 0.034 and p = 0, respectively) were noted to be thinner compared to eyes with iAMD alone. In addition, the macular deep capillary plexus vessel density was significantly reduced in eyes with RPD compared to eyes with iAMD (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Patients with RPD had inner retinal structural as well as vascular changes compared to iAMD patients. Inner retinal vascular attenuation should be investigated further to see if there is a causal association with retinal thinning.
Evaluating Changes in Apparent Chord Mu after Pharmacological Pupil Dilatation
Authors: Shouchane-Blum Karny , Reitblat Olga , Dadon Judith , Bahar Irit , Sella Ruti
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Preoperative measurements of apparent chord mu length above 0.6 mm have been associated with higher risks for photic phenomena after cataract surgery with multifocal intraocular lenses (MFIOLs). Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients scheduled for elective cataract surgery at a single tertiary medical center between 2021 and 2022. Pupil diameter and apparent chord mu length were analyzed for eyes with biometry measurements from IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, AG) under photopic light conditions, before and after pharmacological pupil dilatation. Exclusion criteria were visual acuity worse than 20/100, prior intraocular surgery, refractive surgery, iris-related procedures, or pupil abnormalities affecting dilatation. Apparent chord mu lengths before and after pupil dilatation were compared. In addition, multivariate linear regression analysis, using a stepwise method, was conducted to assess possible predictors of apparent chord values. Results: Included were 87 eyes of 87 patients. Mean chord mu length increased after pupillary dilatation from 0.32 ± 0.17 mm to 0.41 ± 0.17 mm for right eyes (p < 0.001) and from 0.29 ± 0.16 mm to 0.40 ± 0.22 mm for left eyes (p < 0.001). Seven eyes (8.0%) had an apparent chord mu of 0.6 mm and above pre-dilatation. Fourteen eyes (16.1%) with an apparent chord mu under 0.6 mm pre-dilatation had apparent chord mu of 0.6 mm or above post-dilatation. Conclusion: Apparent chord mu length significantly increases after pharmacological pupillary dilatation. Pupil size and dilatation status should always be considered during patient selection for a planned MFIOL using apparent chord mu length as a reference marker.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Eltrombopag for Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes or Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Severe Thrombocytopenia: Results of the ASPIRE Extension Study
Authors: Mittelman Moshe , Platzbecker Uwe , Grosicki Sebastian , Lawniczek Tomasz , Zhu Zewen , Selleslag Dominik
Published: June 2023

ASPIRE, a three-part, international, phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01440374), investigated eltrombopag efficacy and safety in patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (<25 × 109 platelets/L). Approximately 30–65% of patients in this open-label extension phase experienced clinically relevant thrombocytopenic events; no conclusions could be made regarding long-term efficacy (non-randomized design, no placebo control), and survival rates may simply reflect advanced disease. Long-term safety was consistent with the double-blind phase and contrasted with earlier SUPPORT study findings in higher-risk patients, suggesting that eltrombopag may have a role in treating thrombocytopenia in patients with low-/intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndrome.
Total power deficit estimation for isolated power system network using H∞ norm method
Authors: Saifuzam Jamri Mohd , Nizam Kamarudin Muhammad , Mohd Jamil Mohd Luqman , Iqbal Zakaria Muhammad
Published: June 2023

An isolated electrical network with an independent local distributed generator is very sensitive towards the contingencies between load demand and supply. Although the network system has less complexity in term of structure, its stability condition is crucial due to its stand-alone operating condition. Hence, to monitor the stability of the network, total power deficit is the only variable that can be estimated. This study proposed to utilize the  filtering problem to design an estimator that can estimate the total power deficiency. For verification, the design estimator was tested under two cases which are nominal case and parameter uncertainty case. In nominal case, the system parameters are assumed to be known while in parameter uncertainty case the system has contaminated with uncertain parameter where its admissible value is laying in a given polytope. With complying the linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraint, the main objective function of the  norm was guaranteed with minimum upper bound. The results show that the dynamical behaviors of designed estimator successfully trace the actual power deficit signal at steady state with minimal estimation error.
The performance of a multilevel multifunctional solar inverter under various control methods
Authors: M. Shukla Darshni , Zaveri Naimish , Sutikno Tole
Published: June 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are now supposed to provide additional supporting services with more reliability and efficiency. This paper presents three different control methods for generating reference current in a multifunctional, multilevel grid-tied PV inverter for harmonic, reactive, and unbalance compensation. These methods are the synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory (d-q), the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory (p-q), and the conservative power theory (CPT). As a result, the primary goal is to propose a low-cost multifunctional solar invert for distributed generation, with an appropriate prototype developed in the laboratory for experimental validation of various modes of operation. Demonstrated results show that the presented inverter is capable of providing various ancillary services with all three types of control.
Arabic vowels characterization and classification using the normalized energy relating to formants and pitch
Authors: Farchi Mohamed , Tahiry Karim , Mouhsen Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Vowels are the primary units of a sound system of a language. The classification of these vowels is therefore very important for the recognition and synthesis of speech. In this paper, we propose a normalized energy-based approach in formants and pitch to characterize Arabic vowels (short vowels: / a /, / i /, / u /; long vowels: / a: /, / i: /, / u: /). The classification was performed using a developed algorithm on records extracted from an Arabic corpus after the extraction of the pitch and the first three formants and the computation of the normalized energy in these bands. The results showed that the algorithm distinguishes Arabic vowels by analyzing the normalized energy in the nucleus of F1, F2, and F3 formants and pitch F0 with a rate of 88.7% for long vowels and a rate of 90% for short vowels.
Backpropagation neural network based adaptive load scheduling method in an isolated power system
Authors: M. Joy Vijo , John Joseph , Krishnakumar Sukumarapillai
Published: June 2023

This work introduces an efficient load scheduling method for handling the day-to-day power supply needs. At peak load times, due to its instabilitythe power generation system fails and as a measure, the load shedding process is followed. The presented method overcomes this problem by scheduling the load based on necessity. For this load scheduling is handled with an artificial neural network (ANN). For the training purpose the backpropagation (BP) algorithm is used. The whole load essential is the input of the neural network (NN). The power generation of all resources and power losses at the instant of transmission is the NN output. The optimum scheduling of different power sources is important when considering all the available sources. Load scheduling shares the feasibility of entire load and losses. It is well-known as optimal scheduling if the constraints such as availability of power, load requirement, cost and power losses are considered. Training the system using a large number of parameters would be a difficult task. So, finest number of communally independent inputs is selected. The presented method aims to lower the power generation expenditure and formulate the power available on demand without alteration. The network is designed using MATLAB.
IoT based tracking cattle healthmonitoring system using wireless sensors
Authors: Ganesh Rajendran Jai , Alagarsamy Manjunathan , Seva Vaishnavi , Mani Dinesh Paramathi , Rajangam Balamurugan , Suriyan Kannadhasan
Published: June 2023

Controlling the health of dairy cows is crucial for increasing global dairy food output. Dairy farmers are losing faith in the sector as cows suffer from a range of health issues, disease outbreaks that are unpredictable, and expensive breeding expenses. As a consequence, farmers must use efficient technology techniques for cow health monitoring in order to enhance milk output. This study looked at a range of wireless sensor-based automated dairy cow health monitoring systems. The fundamental purpose of wireless sensor network (WSN) based smart surveillance systems in agricultural optimization is to follow the health of dairy cows on a continual basis. This monitoring gadget must be installed in both local and remote farm areas so that interested farmers may monitor their cattle's movements throughout the day from several places. The data collected by the automated system would be kept in a database. Farmers may then obtain data using farm automation to execute effective farm management techniques. Furthermore, WSN is a low-cost device created exclusively for identifying illnesses in dairy cows. This achievement in sophisticated technology agricultural automation would assist to boost productivity by reducing human involvement. This article summarises all livestock tracking techniques, as well as the issues and challenges that they confront.
Wind generator and storage system scheduling for customer benefit and battery life
Authors: Guru Neelakantha , Patnaik Samarjit , Nayak Manas Ranjan , Viswavandya Meera
Published: June 2023

Due to increased fossil fuel use and fossil fuel limitations, the Indian energy industry is migrating to non-conventional energy resources such as solar power, wind production, and fuel cells, among others. The unpredictability of non-conventional energy sources makes it difficult to balance an electrical system when they are incorporated, necessitating the incorporation of a storage device into the grid. In a microgrid system with wind turbine generation (WTG) and a battery energy storage system (BESS), the BESS may reserve energy during periods of surplus generation and release it to the grid during times of peak demand. The suggested technique establishes the state of charge (SOC) schedule for the BESS by employing an artificial rabbit optimisation (ARO) algorithm that minimises energy costs for customers. The state of health (SOH) of the energy storage is incorporated as an ageing coefficient, which causes the BESS to behave conservatively in order to retain its lifespan. Using a time of use (TOU) tariff, simulation results suggest a substantial possibility to boost the savings of consumers in a grid-connected micro-grid. The simulation findings indicate that by efficiently scheduling the BESS power management technique, the proposed method improves a number of distribution system efficacy.
Adaptive image watermarking using bidimensional empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Arrazaki Mohammed , Sabri Abdelouahed , Zohry Mohamed , Zougari Tarek
Published: June 2023

Digital watermarking is considered one of the technological means used to guarantee the security and authenticity of data transmitted over communication systems. A new method of image watermarking using the bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) will be presented in this article, where the new idea is to use the BEMD of both the cover image and the watermark image. The embedding process consists of adding to each intrinsic modal function (IMF) of the cover image the corresponding IMF of the watermark image. The watermarked image contains three different watermarks and appropriate frequencies, which makes it more robust. We use this method for two reasons: first, to conserve the constituent characteristics of each IMF and second, to ensure the invisibility of the watermark. The results obtained showed a good response against different kinds of attacks. This technique has been compared with other methods of image watermarking based on decomposition BEMD, which showed good results.
Texture features analysis technique to detect mass lesion in digitized mammogram images
Authors: AbuBaker Ayman A. , Yasin Ghadi Yazeed
Published: June 2023

Mass lesions are one of the breast cancer tumors. Mammogram images are the first screening tool to detect tumors in the women breast, but due to radiologist fatigue, number of false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) rates are increased. The main objective of this paper is to develop an intelligent computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system that can accurately detect mass lesions in digitized mammogram images. The proposed method has three stages. The first stage is a preprocessing stage, where the mass lesion is enhanced using a customized Laplacian filter. Then, multi-statistical filters are implemented to detect a potential mass lesion in the mammogram images. In the final stage, the number detected FP regions are reduced using five texture features. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using 45 mammogram images and the algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 97% in detecting mass lesion with 83% sensitivity rate and 98% specificity rate.
Green SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphor for LED-phosphor applications: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Thanh Tung Ha , Nguyen Thi My Hanh
Published: June 2023

Green phosphors SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ (SSON:Eu) are combined utilizing a simple solid-state reaction with SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ like the forerunner. Various phosphor attributes were assessed following creation procedure. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) spectra and luminescence measurements are used to assess crystalline active power, electron-phonon conjunction, and heat quenching behavior. Because of their poor electron-phonon conjunction intensity (Huang-Rhys factor=4.2), SSON:Eu green phosphors have outstanding heating and color consistency. The heat quenching temperature (T50) of SSON:Eu is greater than 200 °C. SSON:Eu green phosphors have a wide stimulation range, strong heat steadiness and can absorb ultraviolet (UV) to blue energy and release green illumination, leading to the appropriate utilization in solid-state illumination and GaAsAl solar cells, according to the findings.
Reducing waiting and idle time for a group of jobs in the grid computing
Authors: Almhanna Mahdi S. , Al-Turaihi Firas Sabah , Murshedi Tariq A.
Published: June 2023

Johnson's rule is a scheduling method for the sequence of jobs. Its primary goal is to find the perfect sequence of functions to reduce the amount of idle time, and it also reduces the total time required to complete all functions. It is a suitable method for scheduling the purposes of two functions in a specific time-dependent sequence for both functions and where the time factor is the only parameter used in this way. Therefore, it is not suitable for scheduling work for computers network, where there are many factors affecting the completion time such as CPU speed, memory, bandwidth, and size of data. In this research, Johnson's method will adopt by adding many factors that affect the completion time of the work so that it becomes suitable for the site’s job scheduling purposes to reduce the waiting and idle time for a group of jobs.
A comparative study of classification techniques in data mining algorithms used for medical diagnosis based on DSS
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Shihab , Salah Hussein Ali
Published: June 2023

A significant amount of data is gathered by the healthcare sector, but it is not appropriately mined and utilized. Finding these hidden links and patterns is frequently underutilized. Our study focuses on this element of medical diagnostics by identifying patterns in the information gathered about kidney illness, liver disease, and chronic pancreatitis (CP) and designing adaptive medical decision support systems (MDSS) to assist doctors. This research compares a variety of data mining (DM) techniques, knowledge extraction tools, and software platforms for usage in a DSS for analysis using the Waikato environment for knowledge analysis (WEKA) mining tool (decision tree (DT)). The objective is to determine the most significant risk factors based on the extraction of the categorization criteria. The datasets used for this work are illustrates how successfully DM and DSS are integrated. In this research, we suggest using the C4.5 DT algorithm, Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithm, and the logistic regression (LR) algorithm to categorize these diseases and evaluate their performance and accuracy rates. It inferred that the C4.5 algorithm accuracy is 0.873% which is better than the other two algorithms in terms of rule generation and accuracy.
Measured and estimated wind speed of a stand-alone energy system with controlled bi-directional DC-DC battery bank
Authors: Al-Khayyat Ali Salam , Abed Ahmed Kareem , Ridha Amel Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Simple control of a stand-alone variable speed wind turbine with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is presented in this paper. PMSG fed different types of loads by means of a converter where switched mode rectifier is connected to the PMSG, boost DC-DC converter, and voltage source inverter (VSI). The wind turbine is operated at measured wind speed and it is tested at estimated wind speed which is based on the power calculation of turbine power, generating electric power, losses power, and the dynamic power during the variation of wind speed. The estimation of wind speed would provide a scope of what a control method is applicable in practice and this would increase the performance by scheduling the connected loads. The bidirectional battery charger is controlled and used during the shortage of wind speed. The converter of the battery charger is controlled and implemented on an embedded system by using an STM32-based microcontroller. During the shortage or fluctuation of wind speed, the load voltage is controlled within the acceptable limit, where the voltage has been compensated. An extensive simulation has been conducted by MATLAB/Simulink, and the system shows a good dynamic response to the variation and decrease in wind speed.
A versatile methodology for preventing a parallel transmission system using impedance-based techniques
Authors: Thakre Mohan P. , Shriwastava Rakesh , Mapari Rahul G. , Kadam Deepak Prakash , Kadlag Sunil Somnath
Published: June 2023

The various configurations that exist for a compatible circuit depend on an object, such as operating conditions, the occurrence of an inter-circuit error and the result of the coupling of the transmission line. This feature makes the protection of the same transmission lines very difficult. This paper introduces a new algorithm based on a state diagram that contains location data collected on a passing bus. Combine the different separation processes and the impedance-based process is used. The classification process cannot detect internal errors and only compares with existing phases where the same regional error occurs in the 2D space and the impedance-based method used to cover the resulting error. The proposed algorithm incorporates impedance-based methodology and separation technology to provide the appropriate response under all operating conditions of the same circuits.
Optimal fractional SSSC auxiliary controller for power system low frequency oscillations damping improvement
Authors: Benayad Khadidja , Zabaiou Tarik , Bouafassa Amar
Published: June 2023

This work presents a new controller design to improve inter-area low frequency electromechanical oscillations (LFEOs) damping and enhance the overall stability of the electrical network. The control strategy used the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) based flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) series-type device mainly performed for power flow and voltage regulation. Then, a fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) is introduced as an auxiliary controller for the SSSC using the difference of rotor speed deviations of generators as input signal to improve the oscillations damping. Moreover, genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to seek for optimum controller gains. The proposed control approach is examined on two-area four-machine (2A4M) test system. The FOPID performance is compared with the integer order proportional integral derivative (PID). Obtained results show that the proposed SSSC-based FOPID controller achieves high performance for enhancement of inter-area low frequency oscillations damping.
Balance energy based on duty cycle method for extending wireless sensor network lifetime
Authors: Habeeb Ibtisam J. , Jasim Hussein A. , Hashim Mustafa H.
Published: June 2023

Due to the limited resources acquired by the sensor, energy consumption is one of the main issues that have drawn the attention of researchers in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper, we propose a new protocol based on the duty cycle method and the energy threshold. The suggested protocol aims to balance the traffic among all nodes. As a result, the energy consumption in the entire network will be balanced to prevent service interruptions on a portion of the network. Furthermore, a good result has been obtained compared to other related approaches. As the energy retention was 28%, 33% higher than the compared approach in member nodes, while nearby 33% and 61% in cluster heads. Moreover, the Suggested method outperforms expectations in terms of time, since it reduces the required transfer time by 60% less than the compared approaches. Also, the first dead member node occurs in many later rounds in the suggested method while there is no cluster head node die in 2,000 rounds. Finally, our research objective was met because the energy depletion process in the nodes was nearly convergent.