bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particulate matter in a lockdown home: evaluation, calibration, results and health risk from an IoT enabled low-cost sensor network for residential air quality monitoring
Authors: Cowell Nicole , Chapman Lee , Bloss William , Srivastava Deepchandra , Bartington Suzanne , Singh Ajit
Published: November 2022

Low-cost sensor analysis of indoor air quality.
Effect of charge selective contacts on the quasi Fermi level splitting of CuGa3Se5 thin film photocathodes for hydrogen evolution and methylviologen reduction
Authors: Cheng Ye , Xiao Chengcan , Mahmoudi Behzad , Scheer Roland , Maijenburg A. Wouter , Osterloh Frank E.
Published: November 2022

The defect-copper chalcopyrite CuGa3Se5 is a promising photocathode material for solar hydrogen generation. Here we assess its performance with photoelectrochemical measurements and vibrating Kelvin probe surface photovoltage spectroscopy.
Olefin epoxidation using electricity as renewable power in a bromide-mediated electrochemical process
Authors: Tang Hongyang , Vanhoof Jef R. , De Vos Dirk
Published: November 2022

Epoxy motifs are versatile building blocks for use in pharmaceuticals, food additives and agrochemicals. Here, we present a highly efficient electrochemical bromide-mediated olefin epoxidation process using H2O for a broad scope of substrates.
Development of a single method for direct measurement of multiple radionuclides using ICP-MS/MS
Authors: Russell B. C. , Warwick P. E. , Mohamud H. , Pearson O. , Yu Y. , Thompkins H. , Goddard S. L. , Croudace I. W. , Zacharauskas Z.
Published: November 2022

Simultaneous radionuclide measurement in a single procedure using tandem mass spectrometry contributing to rapid, cost-effective nuclear decommissioning and environmental monitoring.
Bifunctional intermetallic PdZn nanoparticle-loaded deficient TiO2 nanosheet electrocatalyst for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Naik Keerti M. , Hashisake Kanaru , Higuchi Eiji , Inoue Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Intermetallic PdZn nanoparticles with deficient TiO2 nanosheets have been demonstrated as a carbon free electrocatalyst support for overall water splitting with high stability.
A C6-DPA/PMMA binary blend ink for high-performance inkjet-printed organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Chenhuai , Jiang Ting , Bao Yuanrong , Wang Lu , Ji Deyang , Yang Fangxu , Jiao Fei , Hu Wenping
Published: November 2022

By introducing insulating polymers and careful control of the vertical phase separation of the functional C6-DPA/PMMA binary blend ink, the crystallization of a C6-DPA film and device-to-device uniformity improved distinctly.
A nanoelectrode-based study of water splitting electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Ran , Liu Songqin , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: November 2022

This review covers the recent nanoelectrode-based electrochemical studies on 0-dimensional and 2-dimensional catalytic nanomaterials for water splitting electrocatalysis.
Co-doped g-C3N4 nanotube decorated separators mediate polysulfide redox for high performance lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Fan Zunhao , Zhu Mengting , Deng Shungui , Chen Yanhua , Zhao Yue , Qin Mengyuan , Ma Guiyuan , Wu Jinghua , Xin Xing
Published: November 2022

A Co-doped g-C3N4 modified separator captures and converts polysulfides to realize the high utilization of S for Li–S batteries.
High-specificity molecular sensing on an individual whispering-gallery-mode cavity: coupling-enhanced Raman scattering by photoinduced charge transfer and cavity effects
Authors: Fan Xingce , Wang Ru , Li Mingze , Tang Xiao , Xu Chunxiang , Hao Qi , Qiu Teng
Published: November 2022

This work proposes an ultrasensitive and high-specificity whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) sensing method, which combines the light-matter interaction enhancement on a WGM cavity and the “fingerprint spectrum” of surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
A zero-dimensional lead-free bismuth-based metal halide: [C6H5(CH2)2CH(NH3)CH3]2BiCl5
Authors: Wei Wen Juan , Gao Hong Qiang , Tang Yun Zhi
Published: November 2022

A new low-dimensional lead-free hybrid [C6H5(CH2)2CH(NH3)CH3]2BiCl5 consisting of a binuclear octahedron and two disordered cations with an indirect band gap energy of 3.20 eV.
Design of supramolecular hybrid nanomaterials comprising peptide-based supramolecular nanofibers and in situ generated DNA nanoflowers through rolling circle amplification
Authors: Sugiura Shintaro , Shintani Yuki , Mori Daisuke , Higashi Sayuri L. , Shibata Aya , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Kawano Shin-ichiro , Hirosawa Koichiro M. , Suzuki Kenichi G. N. , Ikeda Masato
Published: November 2022

Design and development of multicomponent supramolecular hybrid materials by combining peptide nanofibers with DNA nanoflowers constructed by RCA is presented.
Direct synthesis of tetrahydropyran-4-ones via O3ReOH-catalyzed Prins cyclization of 3-chlorohomoallylic alcohols
Authors: Tadpetch Kwanruthai , Vijitphan Pongsit , Kaewsen Sasiwan , Thiraporn Aticha , Rukachaisirikul Vatcharin
Published: November 2022

A new variation of Prins cyclization to directly and stereoselectively synthesize cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyran-4-ones from 3-chlorohomoallylic alcohols and aldehydes catalyzed by perrhenic acid is reported.
Ce-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of pyrazoles from 1,2-diols via tandem oxidation and C–C/C–N bond formation
Authors: Pal Chandan Kumar , Jena Ashis Kumar
Published: November 2022

A novel and efficient cerium-catalyzed tandem oxidation and intermolecular ring cyclization of vicinal diols with hydrazones has been achieved for the regioselective synthesis of pyrazole derivatives.
Poly(oxanorbornene)s bearing triphenylphosphonium and PEGylated zinc(ii) phthalocyanine with boosted photobiological activity and singlet oxygen generation
Authors: Ahmetali Erem , Galstyan Anzhela , Süer N. Ceren , Eren Tarik , Şener M. Kasım
Published: November 2022

Poly(oxanorbornene)s bearing TPP and PEGylated ZnPc with varying compositions have been synthesized. Thus, highest reported singlet oxygen generation for a Pc derivative in water (ΦΔ = 0.93) and excellent biological activity have been accomplished.
Ni-catalyzed regioselective hydrobenzylation of alkenes to afford C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds using BH3as a reductant
Authors: Cheng Li , Lin Quan , Song Yanhong , Chen Hua , Gong Hegui , Chen Yunrong
Published: November 2022

A method of Ni-catalyzed regioselective hydrobenzylation of unactivated alkenes to afford anti-Markovnikov adducts using BH3as a reductant was achieved.
(Pre)association as a crucial step for computational prediction and analysis of the catalytic activity of σ-hole donating organocatalysts
Authors: Polonnikov Denis A. , Il'in Mikhail V. , Safinskaya Yana V. , Aliyarova Irina S. , Novikov Alexander S. , Bolotin Dmitrii S.
Published: November 2022

A suitable model for computational study giving reliable estimation of the catalytic effect of σ-hole donating organocatalysts is suggested.
A series of N-trinitromethyl-substituted polynitro-pyrazoles: high-energy-density materials with positive oxygen balances
Authors: Ding Lujia , Ge Ruirong , Wang Pengcheng , Li Dongxue , Lin Qiuhan , Lu Ming , Xu Yuangang
Published: November 2022

A series of N-trinitromethyl-substituted polynitro-pyrazoles with positive oxygen balances were obtained by a simple and efficient synthesis, including N-acetomethylation followed by N-trinitromethylation.
A new integrated method for tissue extracellular vesicle enrichment and proteome profiling
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Liu Tong , Du Zhuokun , Li Hang , Qin Weijie
Published: November 2022

Extracellular vesicles were successfully extracted from mouse liver tissue using kit combined with TiO2.
Annulations involving 1-indanones to access fused- and spiro frameworks
Authors: Das Suven , Dutta Arpita
Published: November 2022

This review highlights recent (2016–2022) annulations of 1-indanones for the construction of various fused- and spiro carbo- and heterocyclic frameworks.
Expression of Concern: Novel fatty chain-modified GLP-1R G-protein biased agonist exerts prolonged anti-diabetic effects through targeting receptor binding sites
Authors: Wang Maorong , Yao Ping , Gao Minpeng , Jin Jian , Yu Yerong
Published: November 2022

Expression of Concern for ‘Novel fatty chain-modified GLP-1R G-protein biased agonist exerts prolonged anti-diabetic effects through targeting receptor binding sites’ by Maorong Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 8044–8053, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA10593J.
Placing gold on a π+-surface: ligand design and impact on reactivity
Authors: Liu Wei-Chun , Gabbaï François P.
Published: November 2022

Non-covalent interactions between the AuCl moiety of a newly synthesised complex and the π+surface of the adjacent xanthylium cation elevate the carbophilic reactivity of the gold center.
Polyaniline/SWCNT composite films prepared via the solvent-induced strategy for flexible energy harvesting
Authors: Yu Penglu , Wu Ruili , Liu Chan , Lan Jinle , Lin Yuanhua , Yang Xiaoping
Published: November 2022

Flexible thermoelectric nanocomposite films are prepared via a facile solvent-induced strategy, exhibiting high power factor at room temperature. The thermoelectric module prepared from the films exhibits excellent output performance.
Homogeneous electrochemical water oxidation catalyzed by cobalt complexes with an amine–pyridine ligand
Authors: Chen Yanmei , Meng Xiangyu , Chen Xiaoli , Li Xinyi , Ye Hui , Liu Shanshan , Ruan Zhijun , Liang Xiangming , Lin Junqi
Published: November 2022

Two cobalt complexes were reported as homogeneous electrocatalysts for water oxidation. Compared with the inert triamine–dipyridine ligand, the diamine–tripyridine ligand endows higher catalytic activity to the corresponding complex.
Cancer-associated fibroblast-targeted nanodrugs reshape colorectal tumor microenvironments to suppress tumor proliferation, metastasis and improve drug penetration
Authors: Shen Wenqi , Yao Ping-an , Li Wenjing , Gu Changji , Gao Tian , Cao Yi , Wang Zheng , Pei Renjun , Xing Chungen
Published: November 2022

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) produce a critical tumor-promoting effect by cellular crosstalk with cancer cells and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) to form a protective physical barrier.
Probabilistic multi‐objective optimization method for interline power flow controller (IPFC) allocation in power systems
Authors: Rezaeian‐Marjani Saeed , Ebrahimi Hasan , Tousi Behrouz
Published: November 2022

The interconnections of power systems are extended to improve operating conditions and increase their adequacy and security. Furthermore, with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines (WTs), probabilistic assessment of these systems' performance is very important, especially in risk management, bidding strategies, and operational decisions. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is one of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, which can increase power transfer capability and maximize the use of the existing transmission network. In the structure of the IPFC, there are two converters whose settings should be determined optimally to get the maximum benefit from it. This paper introduces a probabilistic multi‐objective optimization method for the allocation of the IPFC to reduce the active power losses and improve the power flow index (PFI) of the lines with considering the IPFC cost using the multi‐objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. The uncertainties are taken to account in loads and wind speed of WTs. Also, the k‐means‐based data clustering method (DCM) is used for the probabilistic assessment of this problem for the first time, and its performance is compared with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The efficiency of the proposed approach is investigated on the IEEE 30‐bus test system.
Capacity evaluation of central air conditioning load participating in peak shaving of renewable dominated power systems
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yu Jilai , Tang Yi , Ye Yujian
Published: November 2022

The development of renewable‐dominated power systems (RDPS) in the context of pursuing deep decarbonisation targets necessitates suitable exploitation of the peak shaving capacity (PSC) of central air conditioning loads (CACL) in multiple time scales. Based on the evaluation framework of CACL participating in the RDPS PSC and the CAC apparent temperature model and its operation mode, the CACL PSC evaluation model related to the resource allocation in multiple time scales is proposed. For the time scale of online dispatching, the capacity evaluation model for rapid CACL response to power system emergency peak shaving command and its continuous response potential is constructed. The method of optimising CACL PSC based on the load aggregator model is developed. For the intraday pre‐scheduling time scale, the evaluation model of CACL's remaining capacity after undertaking the peak shaving task and the ability to respond continuously to the peak shaving command is constructed. For the day‐ahead dispatching time scale, the PSC of CACL under different weather conditions, temperatures, holidays, and other typical scenarios is evaluated. Finally, case studies carried out on 14 central air‐conditioned buildings in Shanghai city comprehensively validate the effectiveness of the proposed CACL PSC evaluation model.
A comprehensive review of control techniques for compensating the fault current in resonant grounded distribution networks: From the perspective of mitigating powerline bushfires
Authors: Fernando Warnakulasuriya Sonal Prashenajith , Mahmud Md Apel , Islam Shama Naz , Barik Md Abdul , Hosseinzadeh Nasser
Published: November 2022

Powerline faults are responsible for major bushfires around the world where arcs provoked from ground faults are common causes for igniting such fires. The grounding techniques (mainly resonant grounding) used in distribution substations and arc suppression devices play a crucial role for compensating fault currents in order to extinguish arcs so that the likelihoods of powerline bushfires are significantly reduced. Though passive arc suppression devices (e.g. Petersen coils) are extensively used for compensating the reactive component of the fault current, the active component of this current is still large enough to ignite the fire in bushfire prone areas for which active arc suppression devices are recently used. These active arc suppression devices incorporate residual current compensation inverters and the full compensation of the fault current rely on the control scheme of these inverters. This paper comprehensively reviews different control schemes that are used for compensating the fault current in resonant grounded power distribution systems. The existing control schemes are discussed in terms of the model used during the controller design process, loop structures, control block diagrams, and performance analysis frameworks (i.e. the type of fault impedances). It is worth mentioning that faults on resonant grounded power distribution networks exhibit the characteristics of high impedance faults and it important to consider this aspect for performance analysis of the control scheme. This paper also covers a brief overview of different grounding techniques used for mitigating fault currents and finally, the challenges with the existing controllers are identified in terms of extinguishing powerline bushfires. The comprehensive review motivates and guides future research activities on developing more efficient fault compensation techniques.
Hamate classification method based on feature‐enhanced residual network and probabilistic joint judgment
Authors: Ding Wei‐long , Zong Ze‐yong , Ding Xiao , Mao Ke‐ji
Published: November 2022

Accurate analysis of the maturity grade of the reference bone in the wrist is critical for bone age assessment. The main difference between the maturity grades of the reference bone in the wrist X‐ray image is the difference in the texture and morphological characteristics of the bone, and the difference in the characteristics between adjacent levels is small, which brings great challenges in bone age assessment. The hamate (the wrist bone in line with the 4th and 5th fingers) is one of the most important reference bones in the standards of skeletal maturity of the hand and wrist for the Chinese (CHN) method. Aiming at the problem of hamate maturity level evaluation, a method of hamate maturity level classification based on feature enhanced residual network and probability joint judgment is proposed. In this method, we propose the enhanced characteristic residual network (ECR‐Net) is proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability of the network and improve the loss function to reduce the impact of cross‐grade errors on the accuracy of bone age assessment. On this basis, multiple convolutional neural networks to make joint probabilistic judgments are relied on to obtain the final hamate maturity grade. The proposed ECR‐Net achieves a macro accuracy of 96.92% on the hamate maturity evaluation, and there are no errors across two levels. Also, this approach achieves a macro accuracy of 97.15% when the probabilistic joint judgment method is employed while avoiding errors that span more than two levels. The network model and method proposed in this paper have good accuracy and practicability for the automatic identification of the hamate maturity level, which is of great significance for the accurate assessment of bone age.
A novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode observer combining I‐F method for wide‐speed sensorless control of PMSM drives
Authors: Liu Ling , Jin Dongsong , Si Jiewen , Liang Deliang
Published: November 2022

Based on the consideration of optimizing speed piecewise and transitioning smoothly, a hybrid position sensorless control strategy integrating with a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode observer (NFTSMO) and the current‐frequency (I‐F) control method for surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed in this paper. In zero‐low speed regions, the I‐F control method is employed for starting steadily and possessing the ability of anti‐interference. In middle‐high speed regions, an improved sliding mode observer (SMO) based on a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding surface is designed for the closed‐loop sensorless operation. Making use of the novel sliding surface, not only the estimated errors of rotor position caused by the conventional sliding surface can be eliminated effectively with a faster rate of convergence to improve the stability of system, but also the chattering of the estimated back EMF can be restrained by the sigmoid function. Meanwhile, the phase‐locked loop is utilized to lessen the burden of calculation and phase delay. Furthermore, a transition function is designed so as to fulfill the smooth transition between two different control ideologies. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid sensorless control strategy for both dynamic and steady state operations during wide‐speed region is verified by simulation and experimental analyses.
Photometric detection of internal gravity waves in upper main-sequence stars
Authors: Bowman Dominic M. , Dorn-Wallenstein Trevor Z.
Published: November 2022

Context.Recent studies of massive stars using high-precision space photometry have revealed that they commonly exhibit stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability. This has been interpreted as being caused by internal gravity waves excited at the interface of convective and radiative regions within stellar interiors, such as the convective core or sub-surface convection zones, or being caused by dynamic turbulence associated with sub-surface convection zones within the envelopes of main-sequence massive stars.

Aims.We aim to compare the properties of SLF variability in massive main-sequence stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission determined by different statistical methods, and confirm the correlation between the morphology of SLF variability and a star’s location in the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram. We also aim to quantify the impact of data quality on the inferred SLF morphologies using both fitting methodologies.

Methods.From a sample of 30 previously observed and characterised galactic massive stars observed by TESS, we compare the resultant parameters of SLF variability, in particular the characteristic frequency, obtained from fitting the amplitude spectrum of the light curve with those inferred from fitting the covariance structure of the light curve using theCELERITE2 Gaussian process (GP) regression software and a damped simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) kernel.

Results.We find a difference in the characteristic frequency obtained from the amplitude spectrum fitting and from fitting the covariance structure of the light curve using a GP regression withCELERITE2 for only a minority of the considered sample. However, the trends among mass, age, and the properties of SLF variability previously reported remain unaffected. We also find that the method of GP regression is more efficient in terms of computation time and, on average, more robust against the quality and noise properties of the input time series data in determining the properties of SLF variability.

Conclusions.GP regression is a useful and novel methodology to efficiently characterise SLF variability in massive stars compared to previous techniques used in the literature. We conclude that the correlation between a star’s SLF variability, in particular the characteristic frequency, and its location in the HR diagram is robust for main-sequence massive stars. There also exists a distribution in the stochasticity of SLF variability in massive stars, which indicates that the coherency of SLF variability is also a function of mass and age in massive stars.
Analysis of the arm-like structure in the outer disk of PDS 70
Authors: Juillard S. , Christiaens V. , Absil O.
Published: November 2022

Context. Observing dynamical interactions between planets and disks is key to understanding their formation and evolution. Two protoplanets have recently been discovered within the PDS 70 protoplanetary disk, along with an arm-like structure toward the northwest of the star.

Aims. Our aim is to constrain the morphology and origin of this arm-like structure, and to assess whether it could trace a spiral density wave caused by the dynamical interaction between the planet PDS 70c and the disk.

Methods. We analyzed polarized and angular differential imaging (PDI and ADI) data taken with VLT/SPHERE, spanning six years of observations. The PDI data sets were reduced using the irdap polarimetric data reduction pipeline, while the ADI data sets were processed using mustard, a novel algorithm based on an inverse problem approach to tackle the geometrical biases spoiling the images previously used for the analysis of this disk.

Results. We confirm the presence of the arm-like structure in all PDI and ADI data sets, and extract its trace by identifying local radial maxima in azimuthal slices of the disk in each data set. We do not observe a southeast symmetric arm with respect to the disk minor axis, which seems to disfavor the previous hypothesis that the arm is the footprint of a double-ring structure. If the structure traces a spiral density wave following the motion of PDS 70c, we would expect 11°.28−0°.86+2°.20 rotation for the spiral in six years. However, we do not measure any significant movement of the structure.

Conclusions. If the arm-like structure is a planet-driven spiral arm, the observed lack of rotation would suggest that the assumption of rigid-body rotation may be inappropriate for spirals induced by planets. We suggest that the arm-like structure may instead trace a vortex appearing as a one-armed spiral in scattered light due to projection effects. The vortex hypothesis accounts for both the lack of observed rotation and the presence of a nearby sub-millimeter continuum asymmetry detected with ALMA. Additional follow-up observations and dedicated hydrodynamical simulations could confirm this hypothesis.
Spin it as you like: The (lack of a) measurement of the spin tilt distribution with LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA binary black holes
Authors: Vitale Salvatore , Biscoveanu Sylvia , Talbot Colm
Published: November 2022

Context. The growing set of gravitational-wave sources is being used to measure the properties of the underlying astrophysical populations of compact objects, black holes, and neutron stars. Most of the detected systems are black hole binaries. While much has been learned about black holes by analyzing the latest LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) catalog, GWTC-3, a measurement of the astrophysical distribution of the black hole spin orientations remains elusive. This is usually probed by measuring the cosine of the tilt angle (cosτ) between each black hole spin and the orbital angular momentum, with cosτ = +1 being perfect alignment.

Aims. The LVK Collaboration has modeled the cosτ distribution as a mixture of an isotropic component and a Gaussian component with mean fixed at +1 and width measured from the data. We want to verify if the data require the existence of such a peak at cosτ = +1.

Methods. We used various alternative models for the astrophysical tilt distribution and measured their parameters using the LVK GWTC-3 catalog.

Results. We find that (a) augmenting the LVK model, such that the mean μ of the Gaussian is not fixed at +1, returns results that strongly depend on priors. If we allow μ >  +1, then the resulting astrophysical cosτ distribution peaks at +1 and looks linear, rather than Gaussian. If we constrain −1 ≤ μ ≤ +1, the Gaussian component peaks at μ = 0.48−0.99+0.46 (median and 90% symmetric credible interval). Two other two-component mixture models yield cosτ distributions that either have a broad peak centered at 0.19−0.18+0.22 or a plateau that spans the range [ − 0.5, +1], without a clear peak at +1. (b) All of the models we considered agree as to there being no excess of black hole tilts at around −1. (c) While yielding quite different posteriors, the models considered in this work have Bayesian evidences that are the same within error bars.

Conclusions. We conclude that the current dataset is not sufficiently informative to draw any model-independent conclusions on the astrophysical distribution of spin tilts, except that there is no excess of spins with negatively aligned tilts.
Sb2Se3: a possible future for thin-film photovoltaics?
Authors: Spaggiari G. , Rampino S. , Bersani D.
Published: November 2022

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is today one of the most promising alternative materials for p-type absorbers in thin-film photovoltaics, with an optimal band-gap and a very high absorption coeﬃcient. However, its crystal structure is extremely anisotropic and its natural carrier density is generally very low. Sb2Se3 thin films have been deposited by two diﬀerent high-energy techniques: magnetron RF-sputtering (MS) and low-temperature pulsed electron deposition (LT-PED). Their dominant crystallographic orientations have been studied as a function of deposition parameters and of the diﬀerent used substrates, while complete solar cells have been subsequently made with the obtained samples to confirm the dependence of conversion eﬃciencies on the observed (Sb4Se6)n ribbon orientation. Cu-doped Sb2Se3 thin-films have been also preliminary prepared in order to evaluate a possible route to further improve the free charge-carrier density and the cell performance.
Efficacy and safety of intensive downstaging polypectomy (IDP) for multiple duodenal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Takeuchi Yoji , Hamada Kenta , Nakahira Hiroko , Shimamoto Yusaku , Sakurai Hirohisa , Tani Yasuhiro , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Higashino Koji , Fujisawa Fumie , Ezoe Yasumasa , Ishikawa Hideki , Mutoh Michihiro , Uedo Noriya , Nojima Masanori , Ishihara Ryu
Published: November 2022

Background Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) risk developing multiple duodenal adenomas (MDAs), leading to duodenal cancer and death. We investigated the efficacy and safety of intensive downstaging polypectomy (IDP) for MDAs integrated with new-generation procedures.

Methods This prospective phase II study, conducted at a tertiary cancer center, enrolled patients with FAP who had MDAs. We performed IDP including cold snare/forceps polypectomy (CSP/CFP) and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR). The primary end point was the downstaging of Spigelman stage at 1-year follow-up.

Results 2424 duodenal polyps in 58 patients with FAP underwent IDP, including 2413 CSPs in 57 patients, seven CFPs in one patient, and four UEMRs in four patients. Only one major adverse event was observed (grade 3 hyperamylasemia) without clinical manifestations. We performed additional UEMR, CSP, and CFP for one, 12, and 22 patients, respectively, during initial follow-up. Overall, 55 patients completed protocol examination; the Spigelman stage was significantly reduced at the 1-year follow-up endoscopy (P < 0.001), with downstaging observed in 39 patients (71 %). Among the 26 patients with Spigelman stage IV at initial examination and protocol completion, 23 (88 %) showed downstaging. There was no major change in Spigelman stages from 1-year follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy to a median of 37 months (range 3–56).

Conclusions IDP, including new-generation procedures, showed significant downstaging with acceptable adverse events for MDA in patients with FAP, even those with advanced-stage disease. Lesion selection for different resection techniques may be important for suitable and sustainable management of MDA in patients with FAP.
Free Fibula Reconstruction for Bone Tumors Involving Humerus: Our Experience
Authors: Borthakur Bibhuti Bhusan , Boro Sumanjit , Sahewalla Ashutosh
Published: November 2022

Background Malignant primary bone tumors constitute only 0.2% of all malignancies in adults and approximately 5% of childhood malignancies. The humerus is a common site for malignancies like chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and metastatic carcinomas. Management consists of multimodality treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery depending on histology of the tumor and response to therapy. Reconstruction of humerus following oncological resection is a challenging procedure and the surgical options include endoprosthesis, plates, avascular bone grafts, and vascularized autologous bone using microvascular surgery.

Materials and Methods This was a single institutional, retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary cancer center in Northeast India from June 2018 to March 2020. All the reconstructions were done with free fibular osseous flap. Postoperative outcome was measured with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring. Data was collected from patient records and hospital online reporting system. All data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21. Histograms were used for descriptive statistics; Spearman's correlation was run to determine the relationship between MSTS score and age. Rest of the data was checked with Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 5% level of significance.

Results Six patients were included in our study (n = 6), three of Ewing sarcoma and one each of osteosarcoma, angiosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Mean age was 21.7 ± 18.6 years; there was no flap necrosis in the series. One old lady developed nonunion and fracture at the native humerus in follow-up. At the end of 1 year the mean MSTS score of the series was 24.7/30. From data analysis a significant decrease in mean MSTS score was by 0.134 times (p = 0.035), been observed with increasing age. The correlation between gender and MSTS score (p = 0.325), type of tumor and MSTS score (p = 0.490), and location of the tumor and MSTS score (p = 0.351) was statistically not significant.

Conclusion Free vascularized fibular graft is an important option for bony reconstruction following tumor resection. In our small series we find it very effective for reconstruction of proximal humerus, particularly in younger patients, when microvascular expertise is present. Following a positive initial experience in humerus reconstruction with free fibular osseus flap a large study population will be considered in near future.
Potentials vs geometry, revisited
Authors: Curtright T. , Subedi S.
Published: November 2022

We revisit an old subject to discuss relationships between the dynamics for particles subjected to potentials and the dynamics for particles moving freely on background geometries, in the context of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. In particular, we illustrate how selected geometries can be used to regularize singular potentials. We also compute scattering amplitudes for quanta incident on a static non-relativistic wormhole.
Shock response of periodic interpenetrating phase composites
Authors: Taylor Spencer V. , Gonzales Manny , Cordero Zachary C.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we examine the macroscale and fine-scale shock responses of interpenetrating phase composites comprising a body-centered cubic steel lattice embedded in an aluminum matrix. Through plate impact simulations, we find that the complex mesoscale geometry reduces shock velocity relative to monolithic constituents, slowing and spreading the shock front via reflection and redirection. The periodicity of the mesoscale composite geometry is also reflected by quasi-steady-wave behavior. On the fine-scale, we can predict several aspects of the oscillatory pressure and longitudinal velocity responses by tracking internal wave reflections. We also observe that the post-shock maximum temperature increases with structural openness and temperature hotspots form at interfaces parallel to the shock direction. The findings in this work provide novel structure–property linkages in the dynamic response of architectured interpenetrating phase composites.
Core–shell structured PVDF-based copolymer fiber design for high energy storage performance
Authors: Sun Xindi , Zhang Lingyu , Zheng Yantao , Yang Lu , Deng Yuan , Wang Yao
Published: November 2022

Polymer-based capacitors are very promising for high-power systems due to their high power density and ultrafast charge–discharge speed, yet reaching high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength simultaneously in dielectric polymers required by high-performance capacitors still remains a huge challenge. Herein, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) were coaxial electrospun in core–shell structured fibers to create locally inhomogeneous microstructures deliberately. Through adjusting the functional group HFP/TrFE monomer ratio, P(VDF-HFP)/P(VDF-TrFE) hybrid polymer films with topological composition distribution have been elaborately designed, enabling gradient polarization distribution from core to shell. Compared with homogeneous hybrid films of the same composition, the core–shell structure significantly boosts breakdown strength, thus resulting in a significantly improved energy storage capacity. At an HFP/TrFE monomer ratio of 10:1, an optimal comprehensive energy storage performance has been achieved with Ue ∼ 20.7 J/cm3 and efficiency 67.8%; moreover, the film could maintain its energy storage performance after 106 charge/discharge cycles without reduction. Molecular dynamic simulation and finite element analysis have been employed in combination to reveal the dipole moments distribution at the molecular level and polarization distribution at the microscale, which further demonstrates that elaborate polarization distribution adjustment is an effective strategy toward high-performance electrostatic energy storage capacitors.
Integrated buried heaters for efficient spectral control of air-clad microresonator frequency combs
Authors: Moille Grégory , Westly Daron , Perez Edgar F. , Metzler Meredith , Simelgor Gregory , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: November 2022

Integrated heaters are essential in the photonics toolbox, particularly for microresonator frequency tuning through the thermo-refractive effect. Resonators that are fully embedded in a solid cladding (typically SiO2) allow for straightforward lossless integration of heater elements. However, air-clad resonators, which are of great interest for short wavelength dispersion engineering and direct interfacing with atomic/molecular systems, do not usually have similar low loss and efficient heater integration through standard fabrication. Here, we develop a new approach in which the integrated heater is embedded in SiO2 below the waveguiding layer, enabling more efficient heating and more arbitrary routing of the heater traces than possible in a lateral configuration. We incorporate these buried heaters within a stoichiometric Si3N4 process flow that includes high-temperature (>1000 °C) annealing. Microring resonators with a 1 THz free spectral range and quality factors near 106 are demonstrated, and the resonant modes are tuned by nearly 1.5 THz, a 5× improvement compared to equivalent devices with lateral heaters. Finally, we demonstrate broadband dissipative Kerr soliton generation in this platform and show how the heaters can be utilized to aid in bringing relevant lock frequencies within a detectable range.
Discovery of small molecules that target a tertiary-structured RNA
Authors: Menichelli Elena , Lam Bianca J. , Wang Yu , Wang Vivian S. , Shaffer Jennifer , Tjhung Katrina F. , Bursulaya Badry , Nguyen Truc Ngoc , Vo Todd , Alper Phillip B , McAllister Christopher S , Jones David H. , Spraggon Glen , Michellys Pierre-Yves , Joslin John , Joyce Gerald F. , Rogers Jeff
Published: November 2022

There is growing interest in therapeutic intervention that targets disease-relevant RNAs using small molecules. While there have been some successes in RNA-targeted small-molecule discovery, a deeper understanding of structure–activity relationships in pursuing these targets has remained elusive. One of the best-studied tertiary-structured RNAs is the theophylline aptamer, which binds theophylline with high affinity and selectivity. Although not a drug target, this aptamer has had many applications, especially pertaining to genetic control circuits. Heretofore, no compound has been shown to bind the theophylline aptamer with greater affinity than theophylline itself. However, by carrying out a high-throughput screen of low-molecular-weight compounds, several unique hits were identified that are chemically distinct from theophylline and bind with up to 340-fold greater affinity. Multiple atomic-resolution X-ray crystal structures were determined to investigate the binding mode of theophylline and four of the best hits. These structures reveal both the rigidity of the theophylline aptamer binding pocket and the opportunity for other ligands to bind more tightly in this pocket by forming additional hydrogen-bonding interactions. These results give encouragement that the same approaches to drug discovery that have been applied so successfully to proteins can also be applied to RNAs.
Evidence of Electronic Phase Separation in the Strongly Correlated Semiconductor YbB12
Authors: Azarevich A. , Bolotina N. , Khrykina O. , Bogach A. , Zhukova E. , Gorshunov B. , Melentev A. , Bedran Z. , Alyabyeva A. , Belyanchikov M. , Voronov V. , Shitsevalova N. Yu. , Filipov V. B. , Sluchanko N.
Published: November 2022

We investigate high-quality single-domain crystals of YbB12 using the precise x-ray diffraction technique in combination with the low-temperature polarized THz–infrared spectroscopy and accurate magnetotransport measurements. It is shown for the first time that this archetypal strongly correlated system with a metal-insulator transition to a mysterious dielectric ground state with a metal Fermi surface [Science
362, 65 (2018) and ibid
362, 32 (2018)] is actually a heterogeneous compound in the regime of electronic phase separation. Changes in the configuration of the discovered dynamic charge stripes are proposed upon cooling. As a result, a conclusion is drawn in favor of a crossover between different patterns of the filamentary electronic structure penetrating the semiconducting matrix of YbB12. We argue that the discovery of stripes in YbB12 is fundamental, elucidating the nature of exotic dielectric state in Kondo insulators.
High density cleanroom-free microneedle arrays for pain-free drug delivery
Authors: Lijnse Thomas , Haider Kazim , Lee Catherine Betancourt , Dalton Colin
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the fabrication process for cleanroom-free solid metal microneedles and perform quantification of insertion profiles. Metal microneedles were created using a modified wirebonding process and inserted into porcine tissue to determine design efficacy. Microneedle arrays were analyzed through optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy. Insertion forces were measured using combined uniaxial load cell and resistance measurement data. Microneedle arrays were successfully inserted into porcine tissue with high repeatability and reliability. These arrays demonstrate lower or equivalent insertion forces (less than 3 N) to other forms of microneedles in the literature without the need for complex cleanroom fabrication processes. The microneedle fabrication method presented here rapidly produces mass manufacturable, high-quality microneedle arrays with minimal insertion forces, able to reliably penetrate tissue samples. The manufacturing method presented here achieved array densities as high as 3200 needles cm−2. These microneedle arrays demonstrate simple fabrication of a reliable, high-density, pain-free drug delivery system, with potential applications in biosensing and electric field modulated drug delivery.
A bistable rotary-translational energy harvester from ultra-low-frequency motions for self-powered wireless sensing
Authors: Masabi Sayed N , Fu Hailing , Theodossiades Stephanos
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the design, theoretical modelling and experimental study of a bi-stable energy harvester (EH) using rotary-translation motion for ultra-low frequency and low excitation amplitude energy sources. A spherical magnet is adopted to produce the rotary-translational motion to convert ultralow-frequency kinetic energy into electricity over a wide frequency range. The bi-stable mechanism is realized by introducing two tethering magnets underneath the sphere magnet’s oscillating path, significantly enhancing the operating range of the harvester. A theoretical model including the impact dynamics, magnetic interaction and electromagnetic conversion has been established to explore the electromechanical behaviours of the harvester under different operating conditions. The results illustrate that the EH operates in intra-well or inter-well motion depending on whether the input excitation is adequate to conquer the potential barrier depth. A prototype is developed to illustrate the design and to validate the theoretical model. The prototype generates sufficient power (mW) at frequencies lower than 2 Hz with excitation amplitudes as low as 0.1 g. A peak output power of 9 mW (1.53 mW RMS) is obtained at 2 Hz and 0.7 g with 750 Ω external load. The developed EH is integrated with an off-the-shelf power management solution to power a wireless sensing system to successfully record real-time temperature variation in the environment.
Manipulating exchange bias in Co/IrMn films by surface acoustic wave
Authors: Qiao Huifang , Niu Yabin , Li Xiaolei , Mi Shuai , Liu Xindan , Xue Jiangtao , Wu Shuxuan , Wang Xiangqian , Liu Qingfang , Wang Jianbo
Published: November 2022

Exchange bias (EB) has extremely important applications in spintronics, researchers have proposed various means to manipulate it. This work realizes the regulation of the EB field in Co/IrMn films sputtered on LiNbO3 substrate by the surface acoustic wave (SAW). The experimental results show that in the out-of-plane and in-plane EB of Co/IrMn films, both the coercivity and the EB field decrease with the increase of the SAW power. The dynamic strain field provided by the SAW transfer to the magnetic films changes the arrangement of the magnetic moments in the Co layer and IrMn layer, the rearrangement of magnetic moments leads to a reduction in the EB field. Our experiments provide an approach to manipulate the EB field, opening a potential avenue for manipulating antiferromagnetic moments in the future.
Tracking structural phase transitions via single crystal x-ray diffraction at extreme conditions: advantages of extremely brilliant source
Authors: Poręba Tomasz , Comboni Davide , Mezouar Mohamed , Garbarino Gaston , Hanfland Michael
Published: November 2022

Highly brilliant synchrotron source is indispensable to track pressure-induced phenomena in confined crystalline samples in megabar range. In this article, a number of experimental variables affecting the quality high-pressure single-crystal x-ray diffraction data is discussed. An overview of the recent advancements in x-ray diffraction techniques at extreme conditions, in the frame of European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)- Extremely Bright Source (EBS), is presented. Particularly, ID15b and ID27 beamlines have profited from the source upgrade, allowing for measurements of a few-micron crystals in megabar range. In case of ID27, a whole new beamline has been devised, including installation of double-multilayer mirrors and double crystal monochromator and construction of custom-made experimental stations. Two case studies from ID27 and ID15b are presented. Hypervalent CsI3 crystals, studied up to 24 GPa, have shown a series of phase transitions: Pnma → P-3c1→ Pm-3 n. First transition leads to formation of orthogonal linear iodine chains made of I3
-. Transformation to the cubic phase at around 21.7 GPa leads to equalization of interatomic I–I distances and formation of homoleptic In
m- chains. The second study investigates elastic properties and structure of jadarite, which undergoes isosymmetric phase transition around 16.6 GPa. Despite a few-micron crystal size, twinning and dramatic loss of crystal quality, associated with pressure-induced phase transitions, crystal structures of both compounds have been determined in a straightforward matter, thanks to the recent developments within ESRF-EBS.
Development of a semi-empirical interatomic potential appropriate for the radiation defects in V-Ti-Ta-Nb high-entropy alloy
Authors: Qiu Rongyang , Chen Yangchun , Liao Xichuan , Lin Yeping , Dou Yankun , He Xinfu , Yang Wen , Hu Wangyu , Deng Huiqiu
Published: November 2022

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) hold promise as candidate structural materials in future nuclear energy systems. Body-centred cubic V-Ti-Ta-Nb HEAs have received extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical properties. In this work, the Finnis-Sinclair interatomic potential for quaternary V-Ti-Ta-Nb HEAs has been fitted based on the defect properties obtained with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The new potential for Nb accurately reproduces the vacancy formation energy, vacancy migration energy and interstitial formation energy. The typical radiation defect properties predicted by the alloy potential were consistent with the DFT results, including the binding energies between substitutional solute atoms, the binding energy between substitutional atoms and vacancies, and the formation energy of interstitial solute atoms. In addition, the mixing enthalpies of the alloys were also consistent with the DFT results. The present potential can also describe reasonably the collision cascade process of quaternary V-Ti-Ta-Nb HEAs.
Explicit examples of resonances for Anosov maps of the torus
Authors: Pollicott Mark , Sewell Benedict
Published: November 2022

In (2017 Nonlinearity
30 2667–86) Slipantschuk, Bandtlow and Just gave concrete examples of Anosov diffeomorphisms of

T

2

for which their resonances could be completely described. Their approach was based on composition operators acting on analytic anisotropic Hilbert spaces. In this note we present a construction of alternative anisotropic Hilbert spaces which helps to simplify parts of their analysis and gives scope for constructing further examples.