bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das religiões primevas às modernas. Influência nos ordenamentos jurídicos atuais
Authors: Campos Neto Antonio Augusto Machado de
Published: April 2019

A Religião pode influenciar quase tudo em nossas vidas, desde as antigas cavernas ao lar moderno que moramos, alimentos que consumimos, rituais de casamento e morte até usos e costumes de tribunais e governos, molda crenças, códigos morais e identidade nacional: cidadãos e Nações descrevem a si próprios em termos religiosos; cristãos e judeus, hindus e muçulmanos, xintoístas ou budistas. Desde a Religião Primeva às modernas, proporciona às pessoas esperança no futuro e conforto no desespero; oferece motivo ao trabalho beneficente, é fonte de inspiração artística e constitui centro social para muitos. Conflitos religiosos têm causado dor e morte … mas a Religião também é a base de muitos movimentos pacíficos. As Religiões Primevas desempenham parte fundamental na vida de muitos indivíduos em épocas modernas como os aborígenes australianos, índios das Américas, tribos africanas e população das ilhas do Pacífico; são correntes religiosas antigas praticadas nas primeiras civilizações do Mediterrâneo e do Oriente Médio, nas culturas escandinavas e celtas do Norte da Europa, povos que cultuavam deuses, a maioria dos quais controlava parte determinada do Universo como o Sol, a Lua, as estrelas, os oceanos e montanhas ou, ainda, áreas da vida humana como o amor, a guerra e a Agricultura. O foco do artigo é o de analisar, a partir de nossos ancestrais, influência nas origens da Humanidade em legado de extraordinárias lendas e mitos, base de futuras sociedades notórias pelo passado. Das Religiões politeístas às monoteístas – Judaísmo/Cristianismo/Islamismo; delas, se extraem trajetos da constituição de diplomas jurídicos que remontam a História da Civilização, da Religião e do Direito.
Sighting of Arunachal Macaque Macaca munzala Sinha et al., 2005 (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhutan
Authors: Tobgay Sonam , Dorji Kumbu , Yangdon Norbu
Published: April 2019

The endangered Arunachal Macaque Macaca munzala Sinha et al. 2005, described from the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, is amongst several discoveries from the region during second millennia.  Despite Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) sharing pristine habitat along the border with Tawang District of Arunachal Pradesh, presence of the species in this sanctuary remains unknown.  Survey was conducted based on direct observation in the sighting sites suggested by the local people and in randomly selected suitable habitats.  During the survey, a troop of macaques was sighted at Joenkhar-teng in the mixed broadleaved forest near the Gamri River.  On account of our observation, photographs and expert’s comment, we conclude that the species is the Arunachal Macaque Macaca munzala Sinha et al. 2005.
Foraging preferences of honey bees Apis cerana in Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India
Authors: Krishna A.G. Suhas , Patil Rajashekhar K.
Published: April 2019

Honey bees visit flowers for collecting nectar and pollen.  Pollen serves as a source of protein for the survival of honeybees.  To understand the dependence and preference of the honey bee species Apis cerana on different pollen resources, we carried out a study to analyze the distribution of different types of pollen in honey in various regions of the coastal plains of the Western Ghats.  Fourteen different honey samples from different sites ranging in elevation from 55m to 135m were collected and analyzed.  Acetolysis and centrifugation were used for pollen extraction from different honey samples.  The extracted pollen was mixed with glycerin jelly and transferred to a glass slide for microscopic analysis.  The primary source of pollen as revealed by the current study were found to be Areca catechu, Cocos nucifera, Ixora coccinea, Mimosa pudica, and Psidium guajava.  Morphotype analysis revealed 12 different plants to be the source of the pollen.  Each honey sample collected from different locations, however, had only three to six types of pollen indicating that honeybees visit a narrow or a small number of pollen sources.  Therefore, based on our study, we conclude that lesser types of pollen in each honey sample indicates that their food resources are getting limited.  Therefore, it is necessary to conserve pollen resources for the better survival of honey bees and the environment.
Insights into the diet and feeding behaviour of Red-capped Lark Calandrella cinerea (Aves: Passeriformes: Alaudidae)
Authors: Mwangi Mary , Gichuki Nathan , Chira Robert , Njoroge Peter
Published: April 2019

Anthropogenic activities have continued to threaten critical habitats of many tropical birds.  Few studies, however, have established the habitat requirements, diet and foraging strategies of the threatened species to guide conservation efforts.  The Red-capped Lark Calandrella cinerea, which inhabits tropical grasslands in Africa is highly threatened by habitat loss and anthropogenic activities such as burning for pasture regeneration and overgrazing by livestock.  Many aspects of the feeding behaviour of this threatened tropical lark are still unknown.  We studied the diet and feeding behaviour of the adult Red-capped Lark in its open grassland habitat at Kedong, Naivasha, Kenya from 04 March 2016 to 12 August 2016.  Findings revealed that birds predominantly consumed animal nutrients that included insect larvae/caterpillars, grasshoppers, moths/butterflies, ants, and beetles.  This was supplemented with plant nutrients (grass seeds) from two grass species, Eragrostis tenuifolia and Harpachne schimperi.  Picking and gulping were the most employed food capture and handling techniques respectively.  In relation to foraging substrates, grass substrate was most selected for food capture as compared to large mammal dung and soil mounds.  Given that tropical grasslands are becoming increasingly threatened biomes, the findings are critical in guiding the management of grassland habitats of birds to ensure their protection from negative impacts as well as deepen understanding on how they adapt to environmental changes.
Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations and Antibiotic Prophylaxis Rates Before and After the 2007 American Heart Association Guideline Revision
Authors: Garg Pallav , Ko Dennis T. , Bray Jenkyn Krista M. , Li Lihua , Shariff Salimah Z.
Published: April 2019

Background:

In 2007, the American Heart Association recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) for only the highest-risk patients. Whether this change affected the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and the incidence of IE is unclear.

Methods:

IE-related hospitalizations were identified from 2002 to 2014 among all adults and those at high and moderate risk for IE, stratified by age. Prescriptions for antibiotic prophylaxis were obtained from the Ontario Drug Benefit database for adults ≥65 years of age. Outcomes were antibiotic prophylaxis prescription rates and incidence of IE-related hospitalization. Trends in patient and pathogen characteristics were analyzed. Time series analyses were performed with segmented regression and change-point analyses.

Results:

Prescriptions for antibiotic prophylaxis decreased substantially in the moderate-risk cohort after the guideline revision (mean quarterly prescriptions, 30 680 versus 17 954 [level change, −6,481;
P
=0.0004] per 1 million population) with a minimal, yet significant, decrease followed by a slow increase in the high-risk group. There were 7551 IE-related hospitalizations among 6884 adults ≥18 years of age. Among adults ≥65 years of age, the mean IE rate increased from 872 to 1385 and 229 to 283 per 1 million population at risk per quarter in the high- and moderate-risk groups, respectively. Change-point analyses indicated that this increase occurred in the second half of 2010 in adults ≥65 years of age, 3 years after the American Heart Association guideline revision.
Staphylococcus aureus
and streptococcal species accounted for 30.3% and 26.4% of all IE, with a decrease in streptococcal infections over time.

Conclusions:

Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased significantly in the moderate-risk group with minimal change in the high-risk group after the American Heart Association guideline revision in 2007. However, IE-related hospitalizations increased among both high- and moderate-risk patients 3 years after the revision. Our study provides support for the cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis in the moderate-risk population.
Lower Hospitalization and Healthcare Costs With Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin‐Receptor Blocker in a Retrospective Analysis of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Albert Nancy M. , Swindle Jason P. , Buysman Erin K. , Chang Chunlan
Published: April 2019

Background

Outcomes data among patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction treated with sacubitril/valsartan (
SAC
/
VAL
) are largely limited to clinical trial results. We compared hospitalization and healthcare costs among real‐world patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction treated with
SAC
/
VAL
versus angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin‐receptor blocker (
ACEI
/
ARB
).

Methods and Results

Using retrospective administrative claims data, stable patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction treated with
SAC
/
VAL
or
ACEI
/
ARB
from October 2015 to June 2016 were identified. Postindex hospitalization and healthcare costs were assessed in propensity‐matched cohorts using robust variance estimation. Time to first hospitalization was modeled using unadjusted Kaplan–Meier estimates and multivariable models. Postindex all‐cause healthcare costs were modeled using an adjusted multivariable model. Among 279 patients per matched cohort, postindex hospitalization risk was lower for
SAC
/
VAL
compared with
ACEI
/
ARB
using Kaplan–Meier estimation and unadjusted Cox models. For
HF
hospitalization, the hazard ratio (95% CI) was 0.56 (0.33–0.94;
P
=0.030). Adjusted results were similar to unadjusted. Mean (
SD
) monthly healthcare costs were lower for
SAC
/
VAL
versus
ACEI
/
ARB
for all categories except pharmacy, with hospital costs being particularly disparate between cohorts: for
HF
hospitalization, $248 ($1588) for
SAC
/
VAL
versus $1122 ($7290) for
ACEI
/
ARB
. The adjusted risk of incurring increased all‐cause postindex costs was lower for
SAC
/
VAL
versus
ACEI
/
ARB
(cost ratio [95% CI] 0.74 [0.59–0.94];
P
=0.013).

Conclusions

In clinical practice, patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction treated with
SAC
/
VAL
were less likely to be hospitalized than matched patients treated with
ACEI
/
ARB
. Despite higher pharmacy costs,
SAC
/
VAL
–treated patients incurred lower monthly medical and total healthcare costs.
Freeman and the Abuse of Authority
Authors: Heppell Michael
Published: April 2019

Victor King has written a ‘case study’ about an alleged attempt by Derek Freeman to claim authority over anthropological research among the Iban of Sarawak to the eventual detriment of the study of Iban textiles. This article examines the evidence King marshals to prosecute his case and considers his views about evolutionary explanations and the logical coherence of the conceptualization by Iban women of their textile art.
Eurasian Emigration from Singapore
Authors: Lowe John
Published: April 2019

In the late modern era, emigration and concomitant citizenship renunciations in countries that do not allow dual citizenship can be the result of lifestyle preferences or better work opportunities. Although emigration is an integral dimension of cosmopolitanism in an era when national borders are porous, Singapore discourages the emigration of its citizens but prefers its new migrants to maintain cosmopolitan links. This is perhaps anomalous to its cosmopolitan vision. Eurasians of mixed European and Asian ancestry are a small minority ethnic group who have emigrated out of Singapore in large numbers. This work examines how their cosmopolitan politics of belonging have been at odds with the state’s authoritarian tropes of citizenship as ‘push’ factors responsible for this minority ethnic group’s dwindling population.
Two new species of Photonectes with blue luminous tissue on body, and a re-examination of P. mirabilis (Teleostei: Stomiidae)
Authors: PROKOFIEV ARTEM M. , KLEPADLO CYNTHIA
Published: April 2019

Two new species of the mesopelagic genus Photonectes are described from the Pacific Ocean. Both of them are characterized by the presence of blue luminous tissue on the body. Photonectes cyanogrammicus new species, is characterized by the unique shape of the mental barbel, expanded distally and lacking bulbs or appendages. It is presently known only from the holotype collected in the Solomon Sea. Photonectes sphaerolampas new species, is described from four specimens collected in the western and central Pacific. It can be easily distinguished from the other species by the presence of the large spherical bulb of the mental barbel with darkly pigmented terminal appendage, split at its tip into several short filaments. Photonectes mirabilis Parr, 1927 is re-described, based on four specimens from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; details of jaw dentition and arrangement of the luminous tissue for this species are specified. A key for identification of the species of Photonectes with blue luminous tissue on the body is provided.
Examining the intersection of policy and occupational therapy: A scoping review
Authors: Lencucha Raphael , Shikako-Thomas Keiko
Published: April 2019

Background.

Policy has direct bearing on occupational therapy practice and is a key dimension of the environment. To date, there has not been a synthesis of how policy is addressed in the occupational therapy literature.

Purpose.

The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze the ways that policy is addressed in the occupational therapy literature.

Method.

We conducted a scoping review of literature on policy and occupational therapy. Articles were analyzed deductively using a policy framework and inductively to identify overarching themes.

Findings.

Sixty-four papers were included for analysis. We present the descriptive information of the included articles according to policy type, sphere of action, stage of policy development, level, and actors. The qualitative analysis uncovered two broad concepts: “awareness” about the relationship between policy and practice and messages pertaining to “action.”

Implications.

There are numerous areas for further research into the policy–occupational therapy nexus, as policy has numerous pathways to shape practice. Practitioners will benefit from better understanding these pathways and actively engaging to align policy with the values of the profession.
Career Trajectories of Deputy and Assistant Headteachers and Their Perceptions of Secondary Headship
Authors: Bruce-Golding Judith
Published: April 2019

Currently, the United Kingdom is experiencing an “education workforce and leadership crisis,” which spans from the beginnings of the teaching career to the higher echelons of senior leadership. The purpose of this study is to investigate the career trajectories and experiences of Deputy and Assistant Headteachers in Birmingham, England. This article draws from an original thesis and presents the findings from a narrative study on the career trajectories of 14 Deputy and Assistant Headteachers in Birmingham, England. The findings from this study add new insights to the senior leadership role and the perception of Headship in that the Deputy and Assistant Headteacher career stage and socialisation experiences can determine whether they stay, leave, or climb the career ladder to Headship. This article suggests that Deputy and Assistant Headteachers lean toward displaying mainly Bonder, Bridger, or Leaver characteristics that contribute to aspiration and how they utilize their social capital in their career journeys. A new career stages and phases framework pertaining to Deputy and Assistant Headship in secondary schools has been forwarded which draws types of social capital.
Identifying protective factors that potentially buffer the association between peer victimization and weapon-carrying behavior among US adolescents
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Ryou Bee , Wei Hsi-Sheng , Allen-Meares Paula , Espelage Dorothy L.
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present study was to explore whether protective factors, such as ease of communication with parents, siblings, and best friends; parental awareness of student’s friends and activities; higher numbers of best friends; positive perceptions of school climate; and teachers’ opinion of student’s academic performance, would buffer the link between peer victimization and weapon-carrying behavior among US adolescents. Data were derived from the 2009–2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study in the US. A total of 12,642 US adolescents were included in the study sample. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and ordinary least squares regression. Partially supporting our hypothesis, we found that only mother’s awareness of students’ friends and activities ameliorated the effect of peer victimization on weapon-carrying behavior. In other words, bullied adolescents whose mothers were aware of their friends and activities were less likely to carry weapons. Mothers’ awareness of their child’s friends, behaviors, and activities is an important form of parental monitoring, and their involvement may protect their children from weapon-carrying behavior after experiencing victimization.
Single-Lane Roundabout Manager under Fully Automated Vehicle Environment
Authors: Martin-Gasulla Marilo , Elefteriadou Lily
Published: April 2019

In the advent of new automation and communication technologies, the introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) can make efficient use of the space on our road networks. Since roundabouts suffer from lower efficiencies when traffic flows are unbalanced and unfamiliar drivers are present, CAVs have the potential to improve traffic operations, reducing lost time and inefficiency in gap-usage. The aim of this research is to take advantage of those recently available technologies to design a traffic management system for roundabouts. Such a system can provide CAVs with optimal trajectories to negotiate the roundabout, maximizing throughput and minimizing control delay. The rule-based Roundabout Manager algorithm developed considers the roundabout as a whole system, assessing the priority of incoming vehicles on a first-come-first-served scheduling to solve conflicts. The management system takes into consideration the geometry of the roundabout, including the flared entries and exits and the location of conflict sections based on merging trajectories of vehicles in negotiating the roundabout. To illustrate the operation of the algorithm, a total of 15 undersaturated demand scenarios with 10 replications per scenario were simulated. From the results, it can be concluded that the system can reduce control delay for medium demand scenarios, maximizing the throughput for all demand scenarios. The Roundabout Manager can work in real time providing optimized trajectories in less than 0.02 s at any traffic flow rate simulated.
Reality Check! Perceptions of MTV’s Jersey Shore and 16 and Pregnant/Teen Mom and Dating Violence Attitudes and Experiences
Authors: Rodenhizer Kara Anne E. , Siller Laura , MacPherson Ashley R. , Edwards Katie M.
Published: April 2019

We examined college women’s ( N = 354) perceptions of Jersey Shore and 16 and Pregnant/Teen Mom and how these perceptions are related to dating violence (DV) attitudes and behaviors. Although most DV attitudes and behaviors did not relate to frequency of viewing these shows, DV victimization was related to more frequent viewing of Jersey Shore. Moreover, DV perpetration and victimization was related to perceptions that the Jersey Shore was a fun show to watch, and accepting attitudes toward DV was inversely related to perceptions that Jersey Shore was offensive. Content analysis of open-ended responses regarding young women’s opinions about the shows’ portrayal of DV showed that most participants believed that Jersey Shore and 16 and Pregnant/Teen Mom depicted DV, although there was variability in how accurate these portrayals were perceived to be. Similarly, young women had varying opinions about how acceptable it was to portray DV on television as well as the extent to which MTV was doing enough to ensure that the individuals on the show received help for their experiences. Findings suggest the importance of helping viewers understand how the media influences their own beliefs and behaviors in dating and sexual relationships.
Telocytes as a Novel Structural Component in the Muscle Layers of the Goat Rumen
Authors: Liang Yu , Wang Siyi , An Tianci , Tarique Imran , Vistro Waseem Ail , Liu Yifei , Wang Ziyu , Zhang Haiyan , Shi YongHong , haseeb Abdul , Gandahi Noor Samad , Iqba Adeela , Yang Huan , Chen Qiusheng , Yang Ping
Published: April 2019

Telocytes (TCs) have been identified as a distinct type of interstitial cells, but have not yet been reported in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and double-labelling immunofluorescence (IF) (antibodies: CD34, vimentin and PGP9.5) to seek TCs and investigate their potential functions in the muscle layers of the goat rumen. TCs were distributed widely in the myenteric plexus (TC-MYs) between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers, within circular muscle layers (TC-CMs) as well as in longitudinal muscle layers (TC-LMs). Ultrastructurally, TCs displayed small cell bodies with several long prolongations—telopodes—harboring alternate thin segments (podomers) and dilated segments (podoms). The podoms contained mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and caveolae. Telopodes frequently established close physical interactions with near telopodes, collagen fibers (CFs), nerve fibers (NFs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), nerve tracts, and smooth muscle bundles, as well as with blood vessels (BVs). Furthermore, both homo- and heterotypic connections were observed. In addition, telopodes were capable of releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). IF analyses proved that TCs were reliably labeled as CD34+/vimentin+ cells, displaying spindle- or triangle-shaped bodies with long prolongations, consistent with TEM results. Specifically, podoms were visible as obvious bright spots. These positive cells covered entire muscular layers, surrounding ganglions, intermuscular BVs as well as entire smooth muscle bundles, forming a network. TC-MYs were distributed as clusters in the external ganglion, encompassing the entire ganglion and spreading to the muscle layers where TC-CMs and TC-LMs seemingly surround whole smooth muscle bundles. TC-MYs were also scattered within the interior of the ganglion, surrounding each ganglionic neuron, following the glial cells layer. We speculate that TCs support the muscle layer structure of the goat rumen and facilitate intercellular signaling directly or indirectly via the TC network.
Creative Thinking in Music: Student-Centered Strategies for Implementing Exploration Into the Music Classroom
Authors: Coss Roger G.
Published: April 2019

Research suggests that exploratory experiences in the music classroom are a crucial developmental stage as students begin making the kinds of decisions required of them during composition and improvisation. The aims of this article are to (1) articulate a rationale for exploratory learning experiences in the music classroom and (2) outline practical strategies for using exploration as a foundation for compositional and improvisational development. Drawing on the research of Peter Webster, John Kratus, and Maud Hickey, this article outlines group and individual strategies for setting up a listening walk, introducing students to invented notation, scaffolding exploratory learning experiences in the classroom, and provides resources for extending these lessons into composition and improvisation instruction. Embedding exploration into the music classroom empowers students to develop the mental flexibility, disposition, and skills needed for improvising and composing.
‘Apps are cool but generally pretty pointless’: LGBTIQ+ young people’s mental health app ambivalence
Authors: Byron Paul
Published: April 2019

This article considers the potential development of mental health apps for LGBTIQ+ young people. It reports on data from an Australian study of LGBTIQ+ young people’s mental health help-seeking experiences. Participants (aged 16–25 years) highlighted the potential value of mental health apps, yet also questioned the need for another digital intervention. Addressing stigma around mental health was seen as a greater priority for many, as was addressing the inadequate mental health information and support available to LGBTIQ+ young people through schools and mainstream health services. Participants noted that a mental health app must not only be useful, reliable and accessible but also actively sought, which was sometimes unlikely. This article questions a contemporary public health agenda for developing digital solutions to complex social problems. Furthermore, it asks whether health inequities and social stigma can be addressed by apps that typically prioritise the practice of individualised self-care.
Introduction: Theorizing the civic turn in European integration policies
Authors: Mouritsen Per , Kriegbaum Jensen K , Larin Stephen J
Published: April 2019

Many authors have written about the ‘civic turn’ in European immigrant integration politics and policies that began in the late 1990s, but few have focused on the conceptual or normative dimensions of this turn. The purpose of this special issue is to help correct this situation. In this substantive introductory article, we begin with a discussion of the ‘convergence or national models’ debate that dominated early work on the subject. The next section presents the argument that civic integration is best understood as an ideological turn. It expands ‘good citizenship’ into personal conduct and values, shifts the responsibility for integration from the state to individuals and institutionalizes incentivizing and disciplining integration processes, which are often really just a means of migration control. This is accompanied, we argue, by a civic nationalist conception of membership that appeals to shared political values but defines those values through the culture of the state’s national majority. We then move on to the mechanisms and effects of civic integration, followed by a discussion of its normative analysis, before finally summarizing the articles included in this special issue and how they address the concerns that we have raised.
Saudade of the constitution: The relationship between constitutional and criminal law in the European context
Authors: Martín Adán Nieto
Published: April 2019

This article examines the relationship between the constitution and criminal law. The relationship between criminal law and constitutional law has been the subject of much attention by doctrine in several European Union countries. However, in view of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Courts and the European Courts, they have not served to constitute an effective limit for the legislator. In particular, the article examines the case law relating to the principle of proportionality.
Insurgency and the Invisible Displaced Population in Nigeria: A Situational Analysis
Authors: Olanrewaju Faith Osasumwen , Olanrewaju Adekunle , Omotoso Femi , Alabi Joshua Olaniyi , Amoo Emmanuel , Loromeke Ejiroghene , Ajayi Lady Adaina
Published: April 2019

Using the vulnerability theory, this article appraises the effects of the neglect of internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to the interpretation of the concept of internal displacement among national humanitarian stakeholders in Nigeria. Interviews and focus group discussions were employed for data collection in three selected informal IDP settlements, while data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. The study found that the destinations of IDPs determined the level of vulnerability as well as the protection they experienced during displacement. IDPs in informal settlement were very vulnerable in terms of their access to quality education, shelter, food, health care, and potable water as they were often cut off from the government’s humanitarian interventions and only visible to nongovernmental organizations and individual philanthropists who have limited means. It is therefore recommended that, there should be a holistic intervention mechanism in managing the displacement crisis in Nigeria irrespective of their resettlement destinations.
Recurrent Shoulder Instability: Do Morbidity and Treatment Differ Based on Insurance?
Authors: Williams Ariel A. , Mancini Nickolas S. , Kia Cameron , Wolf Megan R. , Gupta Simran , Cote Mark P. , Arciero Robert A.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Patients with public insurance often face barriers to obtaining prompt orthopaedic care. For patients with recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability, delayed care may be associated with increasing bone loss and subsequently more extensive surgical procedures.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether differences exist in patients undergoing treatment for shoulder instability between those with Medicaid versus non-Medicaid insurance. We hypothesized that at the time of surgery, Medicaid patients would have experienced greater delays in care, would have a more extensive history of instability, would have more bone loss, and would require more extensive surgical procedures than other patients.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients were identified who underwent surgical stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability between January 1, 2011, and December 1, 2015, at a single sports medicine practice. Clinic, billing, and operative records were reviewed for each patient to determine age, sex, insurance type, total number of instability episodes, time from first instability episode to surgery, intraoperative findings, and procedure performed. Glenoid bone loss was quantified by use of preoperative imaging studies.

Results:

During this time period, 206 patients (55 Medicaid, 131 private insurance, 11 Tricare, 9 workers’ compensation) underwent surgical stabilization for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. Average wait time from initial injury to surgery was 1640 days (95% CI, 1155-2125 days) for Medicaid patients compared with 1237 days (95% CI, 834-1639 days) for others ( P = .005). Medicaid patients were more likely to have sustained 5 or more instability events at the time of surgery (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.64-6.69; P = .001), had a higher risk of having 15% or more glenoid bone loss on preoperative imaging (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3-10.0; P = .01), and had a higher risk of requiring Latarjet or other open stabilization procedures as opposed to an arthroscopic repair (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5-6.2; P = .002) when compared with other patients.

Conclusion:

Among patients undergoing surgery for traumatic anterior shoulder instability, patients with Medicaid had significantly more delayed care. Correspondingly, they reported a more extensive history of instability, were more likely to have severe bone loss, and required more invasive stabilization procedures.
Toward Comprehensive Medicine: Listening to Spiritual and Religious Needs of Patients
Authors: Abdulla Aza , Hossain Mashrur , Barla Cristian
Published: April 2019

Although great progress has been made in medicine, the spiritual and religious needs of patients have been slow to be acknowledged as a core principle of professional practice and care at end of life. Spiritual care, once regarded as the sole province of chaplains, has recently become increasingly recognized as part of a holistic management approach and the responsibility of all health care professionals. Almost two decades after the appearance of first recommendations, doctors still find it difficult to initiate discussions on religion and spirituality with their patients. In a local survey we conducted among junior doctors and nursing staff, only 2% of doctors would regularly enquire, whereas more than 50% never asked about religion. It appears that doctors are generally poorly prepared to tackle this issue, both during their medical student years and later as trainees. We present a case study that illustrates the intricacies of trying to deliver comprehensive care to an elderly patient with a potentially life-ending condition where the cultural, personal, and religious opinion of the relatives have played an important role in the patient’s management. We then discuss the results of our survey and explore the literature as to why doctors, in particular, tend not to enquire about the religion and spirituality of their patients.
Orbital relapse of retinoblastoma in patients with high-risk histopathology features
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Kaliki Swathi
Published: April 2019

Aim:

To describe the clinical picture of orbital relapse of retinoblastoma following uncomplicated enucleation.

Methods:

Case series of two patients with group E retinoblastoma with high-risk features on histopathology, namely, post-laminar optic nerve extension in one patient, and massive choroidal tumor infiltration in the other. Neither of them received adjuvant chemotherapy post enucleation.

Results:

Both patients had orbital relapse of tumor within 4 months from enucleation, manifesting as implant migration and unstable conformer. Systemic chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy to the orbit resulted in complete tumor regression. Both patients were tumor free at the last follow up.

Conclusion:

Implant migration post enucleation should raise the suspicion for orbital relapse of retinoblastoma. High-risk histopathology features should increase the alert in an otherwise uncomplicated enucleation for retinoblastoma.
Diverse mechanisms and treatment strategies to confront fatigue in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Authors: Khadke Sumanth , siddique tehmina
Published: April 2019

Background:Firm conclusions about the applicability of treatment methods other than pharmacotherapy in treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) remain elusive. Our objective is to synthesize and review the epidemiological literature systematically and find an effective therapeutic plan for fatigue. The effect of individual treatment and combined treatment strategies are studied.

Methods:An electronic database search included EBSCO, PubMed, SCIENCE DIRECT and Scopus from January 1, 2013, to September 30, 2018. Search terms used are “Fatigue AND Multiple sclerosis AND therapy”. The articles included in the study are open access, published in last five years, not restricted to region and language. The search included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and systematic reviews.

Results:We included 13 systematic reviews, 10 RCTs and 7 observational studies. A Cochrane review on 3206 patients showed exercise therapy to have a positive effect on fatigue in RRMS patients. The EPOC trial showed switching interferon therapy or glatiramer to fingolimod showed improved fatigue levels. The FACETS trial showed incorporating behavioral therapy to ongoing recommended therapy is beneficial. Few observational studies demonstrated that fatigue is influenced by pain, mood problems, and depression.

Conclusions:The diverse pathology of fatigue related to MS is important in understanding and quantifying the role of each causal factor. Evidence reveals a positive effect on fatigue levels of RRMS patients with regular CBT and exercise-based combination therapy. Progressive forms of the disease have the worst prognosis. Individually aerobic exercises, behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy have positive effects. A modified amalgamation of the same is a better hope for MS patients.
Agricultural Safety Education: Formative Assessment of a Curriculum Integration Strategy
Authors: Pate Michael L. , Lawver Rebecca G. , Smalley Scott W. , Perry Dustin K. , Stallones Lorann , Shultz Alyx
Published: April 2019

Abstract.

The purpose of this study was to assess an agricultural tractor and machinery safety curriculum for teacher training that focused on hands-on integration activities to assist with training youth in machinery safety skills. Teachers attended a single ten-hour summer training seminar hosted in Montana, South Dakota, or Utah during 2017. Teachers completed the National Tractor and Machinery Safe Operation (NSTMOP) exam to measure their existing knowledge prior to beginning the training. Upon seminar completion, teachers took an NSTMOP post-test to measure their knowledge gain of agricultural safety practices and hazard recognition associated with machinery and tractors. A total of 116 teachers completed the training. Fifty-three participants (45.7%) identified as female, and 63 (54.3%) identified as male. The average participant was 35 years old (SD = 11.3) and had 9.5 years of teaching experience (SD = 9.2). The average NSTMOP pre-test score was 35.2 out of 48 (SD = 3.3), and the average NSTMOP post-test score was 40.3 out of 48 (SD = 4.1). Participants’ scores increased by ten percentage points. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine statistical significance. The difference between pre-test and post-test was significant (t(109) = 11.9, p < 0.001). Open responses indicated continuation of hands-on activities that focused on “how to teach” skills training that is relevant to the students. Teachers suggested developing new activities each year with a rotation of topics for upcoming seminars. Research is needed to determine the training’s influence on the behaviors of young workers in agriculture. Keywords: Education, Machinery, Safety, Tractors, Training.
Extraction Force Prediction for Male Entrapment Victims with Different Body Types Submerged below the Grain Surface
Authors: Schwab Charles V. , Schwab Lauren E. , Schwab Pamela J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. One contributor to agriculture’s high death rate is confined space fatalities caused by entrapment in grain. Over 1,000 grain-related fatalities have been documented by researchers in 43 states, and states with the largest grain storage capacities have been shown to experience a proportionally larger number of suffocation fatalities. Several researchers have measured extraction forces in specific conditions, but a reference standard is needed for estimating the extraction forces for grain suffocation victims in common conditions. A prediction model for estimating extraction forces was developed using the principle of boundary shear, an approximation of human surface area, and a commonly accepted equation for lateral granular pressure. This research reintroduces the prediction model for extraction forces and explores several sensitivity analyses of the input variables. It also updates the anthropometric data used in the model calculations and produces extraction force estimates for adult male victims with different body shapes submerged below the grain surface. Results from the prediction model are presented graphically for common input variables, various entrapment depths, and adult male body shapes. Keywords: Farm safety, Grain suffocation, Prediction model, Rescue, Safety.
Tree-Type Irrigation Pipe Network Planning Using an Improved Bat Algorithm
Authors: Lyu Shilei , Wu Benlei , Li Zhen , Hong Tiansheng , Wang Jianhua , Huang Yonglin
Published: April 2019

Abstract. A tree-type irrigation pipe network has a substantial role in saving water. To address the pipe network planning problem, an improved model is proposed by comprehensively considering the effects of various pipe network layouts and pipe diameters on the investment cost. The model can guarantee the water supply connectivity using the concept of high-level water nodes. Meanwhile, an improved self-adaptive bat algorithm with step-controlled and mutation mechanisms is proposed herein. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined using 12 unimodal and multimodal functions. The experimental results reveal that the improved bat algorithm can effectively avoid local optima and exhibits high solution accuracy. Moreover, planning experiments are performed on the two pipe network cases. Results reveal that the proposed pipe network planning using the improved bat algorithm has a good precision and extendibility. Keywords: Bat algorithm, Pipe diameter optimization, Pipe network layout, Self-adaptive step, Tree-type pipe network.
Using Atmospheric Fallout Radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pbxs to Identify Sources of Suspended Sediment in an Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Lamba Jasmeet , Karthikeyan K. G. , Thompson Anita M. , Malhotra Kritika , Huisman Natalie L. H. , Panuska John , Peaslee Graham
Published: April 2019

Abstract.

The use of atmospheric fallout radionuclides as sediment tracers can provide valuable information on sediment transport processes within watersheds. Research was conducted in cropland and mixed land use subwatersheds of the Pleasant Valley watershed (50 km2) in south-central Wisconsin to identify sources of suspended sediment using cesium-137 (137Cs) and excess lead-210 (210Pbxs). In the cropland-dominated subwatershed, contributions to suspended sediment from in-stream and agricultural sources ranged from 36% to 81% and from 19% to 64%, respectively. In the mixed land use subwatershed, contributions to suspended sediment from in-stream and agricultural sources ranged from 68% to 100% and from 0% to 32%, respectively. The relative contribution to suspended sediment from agricultural sources was greater in the cropland subwatershed compared to the mixed land use subwatershed. The phosphorus (P) concentration in suspended sediment and fine sediment deposited on the streambed varied from 601 to 1545 mg kg-1, and cropland areas were the dominant sources of P-enriched sediment in streams. The legacy P and sediment in this watershed can result in a lag time between implementation of best management practices and attainment of desired water quality improvement. Depending on the fingerprinting properties considered (metals vs. fallout radionuclides) and suspended sediment source considerations, the source apportionment results may vary. Keywords: Fallout radionuclides, Legacy sediment, Phosphorus, Sediment fingerprinting, Soil erosion, Streambanks.
Modeling and Simulation of a Photosynthetic Solar Cell
Authors: Bhide Sachin A. , Maisonneuve Jonathan
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Solar energy’s potential as a clean, abundant, and economical energy source can be effectively exploited if it is converted to electricity. Photosynthetic solar cells (PSCs) convert sunlight to electricity by using plant cells via photosynthesis and respiration. These processes can be interrupted to provide a path of lesser resistance for the transfer of protons and electrons in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. PSCs require no organic fuel, no active feeding system, and produce carbon-neutral power both day and night. In this article, the mechanisms of photosynthesis that generate electrons and protons in the anode chamber are described and modeled. In addition, the concentrations of various species in the anode and cathode chambers, including plant cells, sugars, reducing agents, and catalysts, are modeled as a function of time and used to simulate the electric potential across the fuel cell. The resulting flow of electrons through the external circuit is described. The influence of non-ideal effects is described and modeled, such as the resistance to the motion of protons, reactants, and products through the electrolyte, which contributes to a voltage drop across the cell. The activation energy required for the chemical reactions also contributes to voltage drop. These dynamics are modeled using differential equations for each species. This model can be used to predict the dynamics of a PSC system under various conditions. Keywords: Cell power, Cell voltage, Microbial fuel cell, Modeling, Photosynthetic solar cell, Solar energy.
More Than IQ: Executive Function Explains Adaptive Behavior Above and Beyond Nonverbal IQ in Youth With Autism and Lower IQ
Authors: Bertollo Jennifer R. , Yerys Benjamin E.
Published: April 2019

Adaptive behavior is a critical metric for measuring outcomes in those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Executive function skills predict adaptive behavior in youth with ASD with average or higher IQ; however, no study has examined this relationship in ASD with lower IQ (IQ ≤ 75). The current study evaluated whether executive function predicted adaptive behavior in school-age youth with ASD with lower IQ, above and beyond nonverbal IQ. We examined adaptive behavior and executive function through informant report on 100 youth with ASD with lower IQ. Executive function skills explained variance in adaptive social and communication domains, beyond nonverbal IQ; monitoring skills played a significant role. This research suggests that malleable skills like executive function may contribute to functional outcomes in this population.
Anti-Hypertensive Medication Use and Factors Related to Adherence Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Cyrus Alissa C. , Royer Julie , Carroll Dianna D. , Courtney-Long Elizabeth A. , McDermott Suzanne , Turk Margaret A.
Published: April 2019

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are known to experience significant health disparities; however, few studies have described anti-hypertensive medication adherence in this population. Using administrative data from South Carolina from 2000–2014, we evaluated the odds of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among a cohort of adults with IDD and hypertension. Approximately half (49.5%) of the study cohort were adherent to anti-hypertensive medication. Those who lived in a supervised residence, had a Medicaid waiver, and had more frequent contact with a primary care provider were more likely to be adherent. Organizations that serve people with IDD have an opportunity to increase adherence by educating these individuals, their family members, and caregivers about the importance of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication.
Reseña de Mársico, Platón. Alcibíades Mayor (2017)
Authors: Gutiérrez Alejandro Mauro
Published: April 2019

Reseña de Mársico, Platón. Alcibíades Mayor (2017)
Parménides como precursor de la dialéctica platónica
Authors: Fernández Mouján Raimundo
Published: April 2019

Partiendo de una interpretación de la dialéctica platónica y de la lectura del artículo de Monique Dixsaut “Platon et le lógos de Parménide”, investigamos en este trabajo si acaso no podemos encontrar en el Poema de Parménides algunos elementos que luego resultarán fundamentales en la constitución de la dialéctica en los diálogos de Platón. El rechazo del nombre como medio y depositario del conocimiento, la necesidad de la mediación del lógos y la insistencia en lo importante que resulta conocer también la naturaleza del engaño, son algunos de esos elementos que ya encontramos expuestos en Parménides y que resultarán fundamentales para el paulatino desarrollo del método propuesto por Platón.