bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domestic Violence in Childhood and the Associated Risk of Spousal Violence in Adulthood: Cultural Influence on Women's Experience
Authors: Al-Modallal Hanan , Salameh Taghreed , Mrayan Lina , Khait Abdallah Abu , Mudallal Rola , Hamaideh Shaher
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To examine the association between childhood violence and spousal violence within the culture of women visiting primary health care centers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were approached in waiting areas of health care centers. Data about five types of childhood violence and four types of spousal violence were investigated. Chi square was implemented to study the association between spousal violence and women's demographic characteristics. Further, logistic regression associated with 95% CI was implemented to study the risk of spousal violence based on women's exposure to childhood abuse. Results: It was found that women in general were subjects to domestic violence in childhood and during adulthood. Emotional and physical types of childhood violence were the most prevalent in our participants. Regarding spousal violence experience, two-thirds of the women reported control by the spouse. In addition, half of them reported being physically victimized using different violence tactics. Except for sexual abuse, all other types of childhood violence were, generally, significant risk factors for spousal violence victimization. Conclusion: Experiencing childhood violence, witnessing parental violence, tendency to compensate for the deprivation in childhood, and inherited beliefs about spousal violence were factors expected to explain the association between childhood violence and spousal violence in women. Traumatic events in childhood are under-recognized factors in the development of spousal violence in the current population. Therefore, efforts to prevent these forms of violence need to be emphasized by health professionals who are in direct contact with women in different health care facilities.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Mimicking Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma with a Literature Review: A Rare Variant Detected Serendipitously
Authors: Zheng Lan , Saluja Karan , Guo Tianhua
Published: June 2022

Invasive lobular carcinoma with papillary features is a newly proposed variant which presents as a relatively well-circumscribed mass lesion with at least partial peripheral thickened fibrous capsule and central delicate fibrovascular cores, morphologically mimicking encapsulated papillary carcinoma or solid papillary carcinoma. There are only 5 cases described in literature. We here report an interesting example of invasive lobular carcinoma with papillary growth pattern surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule, mimicking encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC). The lobular nature of the tumor was confirmed by the absence of membranous expression of E-cadherin and p120 catenin. The lobular cytological features are subtle in this variant and may be overlooked. Differentiation of this variant from papillary carcinomas is crucial for correct tumor categorization, staging and most importantly, proper treatment.
10 best practice tips with radial arterial catheterization
Authors: Imbriaco Guglielmo , Spencer Timothy R. , Bardin-Spencer Amy
Published: June 2022

Radial arterial catheters (RAC) are used extensively across critical care settings (Anesthesia, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine) for continuous hemodynamic monitoring, allowing for immediate adjustments in vasopressor therapies and blood collection. Radial catheter failures are an ongoing significant issue for critical care clinicians with reported incidences at almost 25%. Common complications include loss of function, lack of blood return, poor quality waveforms and dislodgement, posing potential patient risks, and sudden loss of intra-arterial monitoring frequently requires prompt replacement. Contemporary research and technological improvements have highlighted several concepts to enhance the approach of RAC insertion and management while reducing immediate and late complications. The authors have prioritized the following 10 “best practice” aspects that may improve overall device function and reliability.
When is the right time to remember? Social media memories, temporality and the kairologic
Authors: Jacobsen Benjamin N
Published: June 2022

This article asks what impact temporality and timing have on the ways in which memories are felt and made to matter on social media. Drawing on Taina Bucher’s theorisation of the ‘kairologic’ of algorithmic media, I explore how digital memories are resurfaced or made visible to people at the ‘right time’ in the present. The article proposes the notion of ‘right-time memories’ to examine the ways in which social media platforms and timing performatively shape people’s engagement with the past. Drawing on interview and focus group data, I explore four ways that right-time memories are sociotechnically produced and felt in everyday life: through an anniversary logic, personalisation, rhythms, and tensions. Ultimately, it is argued that when memories are made to matter in the present is a crucial way to further examine the temporal politics of social media platforms and algorithms.
Determination of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and nickel as elemental impurities in atorvastatin calcium by inductively coupled mass spectrometer
Authors: Pal Ashish Kumar , Sundararajan Raja
Published: June 2022

Atorvastatin calcium is employed as front-line treatment for cardiovascular diseases. According to the international conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline ICH Q3D, elemental impurities can come into drug products from various sources. These elemental impurities do not have any therapeutic benefit to the end-user. On the contrary, it harms the normal physiological system. Class 1 elements like arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead are inorganic impurities that can cause toxic effects on the human body. Nickel was used as a catalyst during the synthesis process of atorvastatin calcium. It comes under the Class-2A, can cause toxicity to humans, and must be quantified. A simple, fast, reliable inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method for the estimation of elemental impurities like arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, and nickel in atorvastatin calcium by open sample digestion technique was developed and validated in accordance with ICH Q3D and USP < 232 > and USP <233 > general chapter. Internal standards like indium, terbium, thallium, bismuth and yttrium were used to correct the non-spectral interferences that were generated during analysis. Gold was added to all solutions as it preserves mercury by amalgamation. The system performance was evaluated every time my performing system suitability parameters. The limits for all the elements were fixed in accordance with ICH Q3D. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for all the five elements were estimated. Method specificity was proven by checking for interferences due to the sample matrix and other elements. Linearity of each element in standards was established from 25% to 200% of sample concentration, and correlation coefficients were found to be not less than 0.999. The accuracy of the method was demonstrated at three spiking levels at 50%, 100%, and 150% of the J-value for all the elements. The recoveries for all elements at each level were within the range of 90–120%. Method precision was proved at 100% J-value. The relative standard deviation of all elements was less than 5%. It concludes that this newly developed and validated reliable inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method for estimating of elemental impurities like arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, and nickel in atorvastatin calcium was within the permitted limit and suitable for routine use.
“If we can do it, anyone can!”: Evaluating a virtual “Paper Chase” collaborative writing model for rapid research dissemination
Authors: Dahl Alicia A , Bowling Jessamyn , Krinner Lisa M , Brown Candace S , Shaw George , Lewis Janaka B , Moore-Harrison Trudy , Clinton Sandra M , Gartlan Scott R
Published: June 2022

The Paper Chase model is a synchronous collaborative approach to manuscript development. Through a structured and team-based design, authors participate in a “marathon” of writing, editing, revising, and submitting their publications within a specified period. This active-learning approach is considered a high-impact practice by engaging students in research dissemination through a collaborative project. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a virtual Paper Chase exercise. We conducted the Paper Chase with six teams led by multidisciplinary faculty (with 24 undergraduate students and four graduate students). All participants were given pre-and post-surveys, with both open- and closed-ended questions. Results indicated that the process increased cooperative and problem-solving components of group work attitudes, increased participants’ confidence in writing skills, increased understanding of research processes and that participants appreciated putting their skills immediately into practice. Participants identified strengths as well as opportunities for improvement in online modules and facilitation. The process was effective in that half of the manuscripts were submitted to peer-reviewed outlets within 90 days of the event. The positive evidence for learning in the virtual Paper Chase model supports future applications and may strengthen the involvement of students in research dissemination. Additional research may expand upon the findings by assessing group work dynamics, quality of final products, and conducting the process in a hybrid model.
A Novel Prescription Method Reduces Postoperative Opioid Distribution and Consumption: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yanik John M. , Glass Natalie A. , Caldwell Lindsey S. , Buckwalter V Joseph A. , Fowler Timothy P. , Lawler Ericka A.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Prescription opioid abuse in the United States has risen substantially over the past 2 decades. Narcotic prescription refill restrictions may paradoxically be contributing to this epidemic. We investigated a novel, refill-based opioid prescription method to determine whether it would alter postoperative narcotic distribution or consumption.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing internal fixation of distal radius fractures or thumb carpometacarpal joint arthroplasty received either a single prescription for all postoperative narcotics (control arm) or the same amount of pain medication divided into 3 equal prescriptions to be filled as needed (experimental arm). Outcomes included total narcotics dispensed, measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) through a prescription monitoring program, patient-reported opioid consumption versus opioid not consumed, and a satisfaction survey.

Results:

Forty-eight participants were enrolled; 25 were randomized to the control arm and 23 to the experimental arm. At 8 weeks post-op, fewer opioids had been dispensed to the experimental arm (177 ± 94 vs 287 ± 123 MME, P = .0025). At 6-week follow-up, the experimental arm reported lower narcotic consumption (124 ± 105 vs 214 ± 110 MME, P = .0131). Subanalysis of the independent surgeries yielded similar results. Some patients reported insurance issues when filling subsequent prescriptions. Consequently, although 100% of control arm patients reported good pain control, only 82.6% of experimental arm patients said likewise ( P = .0455).

Conclusions:

This randomized clinical trial demonstrated that patients obtained and consumed fewer narcotics when postoperative opioids were given in a refill-based prescription method. More research is needed to determine whether this opioid distribution method is reproducible, translatable, and feasible.
Selective endovascular treatment of cervical arterial dissection using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: McGuire Laura Stone , Kumar Prateek , Ryoo James S. , Alaraj Ali
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The role of endovascular treatment in cervical artery dissection (CAD) is equivocal. This study compared cerebral blood flow in CAD between medically and endovascularly treated patients using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA).

Methods

Retrospective chart review was completed for patients with CAD. Inclusion criteria were adults (>18 years) with diagnosis of dissection of the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery who received QMRA. The cases were reviewed for clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and imaging, and in particular, patients who underwent endovascular treatment were evaluated.

Results

Forty-one patients were included, 46.3% female and mean age 46.0+/− 11.9 years. 21 patients (51.2%) had contralateral (ICA) dissections while 19 (46.3%) had vertebral artery (VA) dissections, and 1 had both involved. Five patients underwent stenting, angioplasty, or both. Baseline characteristics between patients who underwent medical versus endovascular treatment were similar, although patients undergoing stenting/angioplasty were more likely to have diabetes (p = 0.015) and prior anticoagulation use (p = 0.007). All endovascular patients demonstrated ischemia on MRI versus 53.1% of those undergoing medical management (p = 0.047). Comparing ipsilateral vessel flow over time in these two patient groups showed those who underwent stenting or angioplasty had lower baseline flows, albeit non-significant (p = 0.629). Patients who underwent endovascular treatment had lower distal flow compared to the medical management group.

Conclusion

This study represents the first to assess vessel flow using QMRA in patients who underwent endovascular treatment of CAD. In combination with progressive symptoms, QMRA may serve as a useful adjunct in the selection of patients for endovascular intervention in arterial dissections.
Importance of clarity, hierarchy, and trust in implementing distributed leadership in higher education
Authors: Lizier Amanda , Brooks Fiona , Bizo Lewis
Published: June 2022

University leaders are increasingly focused on management tasks and metrics, and distributed leadership has been broadly adopted as a way for leaders to navigate corporate management demands while also maintaining the collegial and communitarian character of the academy. This article discusses the findings of an indicative case study within a Faculty of an Australian University exploring the experiences of academic leaders in adopting distributed leadership. The findings highlight how a lack of agreed definitions, aims, and goals of distributed leadership constrained its adoption. The case study also contributes to understanding the roles of trust and hierarchy in how distributed leadership is experienced and their role in enabling or constraining distributed leadership. In the Faculty, academic leaders within Schools experienced distributed leadership as an exercise in delegating duties. In contrast, Faculty leaders were likely to perceive leadership as distributed although with varying degrees of success, with trust playing a key role in both groups. In highlighting the importance of clarity, hierarchy, and trust, the case study shows that there must be clarity around what distributed leadership is, what is being distributed, how it will be distributed, and trust in the implementation process and colleagues.
Assessing digital advertising exposure using a virtual experimental protocol
Authors: Cantrell Jennifer , Bingenheimer Jeffrey , Tulsiani Shreya , Hair Elizabeth , Vallone Donna , Mills Sarah , Gerard Raquel , Evans William D.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The rapid increase in online public education campaigns underscores the need for a better understanding of the effects of exposure to digital advertising and targeted individual-level outcomes. The goal of this study is to develop a virtual experimental protocol to evaluate the dose-response effects of individual-level exposure to digital video ads on campaign outcomes in a naturalistic online browsing context.

Methods

Young adults aged 18–24 years ( n = 221) completed three 5 min viewing sessions on a realistic mock-up of the YouTube mobile app over a period of 2 weeks, followed by a 10-min survey after the third session. Participants were randomized to view between 0 and 6 exposures of ads from an e-cigarette prevention campaign; respondents viewed a total of 2 ads per session, with 0 to 2 of those ads being non-skippable digital video ads from the campaign and/or a dummy ad. The video ads played prior to short YouTube videos. Outcomes measured were self-reported ad recognition, frequency of ad exposure, and main message knowledge.

Results

This study demonstrates a rapidly accessible virtual experimental protocol for evaluating the dose-response effects of digital advertising and individual-level outcomes. Five digital exposures of non-skippable video ads delivered via this platform over a 2-week period generated the highest ad recognition when there were up to six exposures. Higher exposure levels may be needed for message knowledge and ad-content-related effects.

Conclusion

This protocol can be extended to investigate dose-response effects and mechanisms of action of individual-level exposure to digital advertising for multiple campaign outcomes, including changes in knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Findings can inform evidence for adequate levels of digital exposure in public education campaigns.
Field Test of an m-Health Worksite Health Promotion Program to Increase Physical Activity in Taiwanese Employees: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Sheu-jen , Hung Wen-chi , Shyu Meei-Ling , Chou Tzren-ru , Chang Kuo-chen , Wai Jackson P.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Occupational health nurses in workplaces aim to offer evidence-based interventions to increase physical activity among employees to promote health. Mobile health (m-health) interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in increasing physical activity, and the application of m-health solutions in workplaces warrants investigation. We examined the effectiveness of a cell phone/smart device and web-based (m-health) intervention in motivating the employees at financial enterprise firms to increase physical activity.

Methods:

This study included employees from 16 banks ( n = 194) who were randomly assigned to either (a) an experimental group (6 banks, n = 89), which received an intervention that integrated the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-based tailored Short Message Service (SMS) with web-based knowledge or (b) a comparison group (10 banks, n = 105), which received web-based messages alone. Outcomes included psychosocial variables (attitude toward physical activity, normative beliefs, and control beliefs) and the level of physical activity. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.

Findings:

The level of physical activity significantly increased in the experimental group ( p < .05). TPB variables such as perceived social norms ( p < .01) and behavioral control ( p < .05) also significantly improved in the experimental group. However, all the effects had a small size (=.05) and diminished in 12 weeks.

Conclusions:

In addition to internet-based information, the use of mobile phones/smart devices to encourage employees to exercise for 8 weeks effectively increased employees’ physical activity level. More research, specifically addressing workplace culture, is warranted to establish methods for sustaining healthy behaviors to increase physical activity.
How Can We Resolve This? Two Classroom Exercises on Conflict Management
Authors: Miller Lynn E.
Published: June 2022

Workplace conflict, with its potential to be either highly beneficial or highly damaging, is best handled with thoughtful, deliberate care. This article presents two classroom exercises that demonstrate the value of carefully weighing both parties’ interests in a conflict, as suggested by the well-known “dual concern” model of conflict management. In the first exercise, students identify potential responses to a conflict over a “date night” restaurant choice. Discussion focuses on aligning these responses with the conflict management strategies inherent in the dual concern model and on identifying the potential for mutually beneficial outcomes. The second exercise then demonstrates how situational characteristics contribute to the choice of conflict management strategy. In it, student teams debate the importance of meeting their own, versus another party’s, interests in three realistic, hypothetical conflicts. Teaching tips, exercise variations, and summary information on the effective use of different conflict management strategies are provided.
Enhanced parasympathetic cholinergic activity with galantamine inhibited lipid-induced oxidative stress in obese African Americans
Authors: Parsa Dena , Aden Luul A. , Pitzer Ashley , Ding Tan , Yu Chang , Diedrich Andre , Milne Ginger L. , Kirabo Annet , Shibao Cyndya A.
Published: June 2022

Background

African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD), they are 20% more likely to die from CVD than whites, chronic exposure to inflammation and oxidative stress contributes to CVD. In previous studies, enhancing parasympathetic cholinergic activity has been shown to decrease inflammation. Considering that AAs have decreased parasympathetic activity compared to whites, we hypothesize that stimulating it with a central acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, galantamine, would prevent lipid-induced oxidative stress.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that acute dose of galantamine, an AChE inhibitor, decreases lipid-induced oxidative stress in obese AAs.

Methods

Proof-of-concept, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study that tested the effect of a single dose of 16 mg of galantamine versus placebo on lipid-induced oxidative stress in obese AAs. Subjects were studied on two separate days, one week apart. In each study day, 16 mg or matching placebo was administered before 20% intralipids infusion at doses of 0.8 mL/m2/min with heparin at doses of 200 U/h for 4 h. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 2 and 4 h during the infusion.

Main outcome measures

Changes in F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoPs), marker of oxidative stress, measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in plasma at baseline, 2, and 4-h post-lipid infusion. Secondary outcomes include changes in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF alpha).

Results

A total of 32 obese AA women were screened and fourteen completed the study (age 37.8 ± 10.70 years old, BMI 38.7 ± 3.40 kg/m2). Compared to placebo, 16 mg of galantamine significantly inhibited the increase in F2-IsoPs in PBMC (0.007 ± 0.008 vs. − 0.002 ± 0.006 ng/sample, P = 0.016), and plasma (0.01 ± 0.02 vs. − 0.003 ± 0.01 ng/mL, P = 0.023). Galantamine also decreased IL-6 (11.4 ± 18.45 vs. 7.7 ± 15.10 pg/mL, P = 0.021) and TNFα levels (18.6 ± 16.33 vs. 12.9 ± 6.16 pg/mL, P = 0.021, 4-h post lipid infusion) compared with placebo. These changes were associated with an increased plasma acetylcholine levels induced by galantamine (50.5 ± 10.49 vs. 43.6 ± 13.38 during placebo pg/uL, P = 0.025).

Conclusions

In this pilot, proof-of-concept study, enhancing parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) cholinergic activity with galantamine inhibited lipid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lipid infusion in obese AAs.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT02365285.
Antidotal treatment of botulism in rats by continuous infusion with 3,4-diaminopyridine
Authors: Machamer James B. , Vazquez-Cintron Edwin J. , O’Brien Sean W. , Kelly Kyle E. , Altvater Amber C. , Pagarigan Kathleen T. , Dubee Parker B. , Ondeck Celinia A. , McNutt Patrick M.
Published: June 2022

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly potent, select agent toxins that inhibit neurotransmitter release at motor nerve terminals, causing muscle paralysis and death by asphyxiation. Other than post-exposure prophylaxis with antitoxin, the only treatment option for symptomatic botulism is intubation and supportive care until recovery, which can require weeks or longer. In previous studies, we reported the FDA-approved drug 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) reverses early botulism symptoms and prolongs survival in lethally intoxicated mice. However, the symptomatic benefits of 3,4-DAP are limited by its rapid clearance. Here we investigated whether 3,4-DAP could sustain symptomatic benefits throughout the full course of respiratory paralysis in lethally intoxicated rats. First, we confirmed serial injections of 3,4-DAP stabilized toxic signs and prolonged survival in rats challenged with 2.5 LD50 BoNT/A. Rebound of toxic signs and death occurred within hours after the final 3,4-DAP treatment, consistent with the short half-life of 3,4-DAP in rats. Based on these data, we next investigated whether the therapeutic benefits of 3,4-DAP could be sustained throughout the course of botulism by continuous infusion. To ensure administration of 3,4-DAP at clinically relevant doses, three infusion dose rates (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg∙h) were identified that produced steady-state serum levels of 3,4-DAP consistent with clinical dosing. We then compared dose-dependent effects of 3,4-DAP on toxic signs and survival in rats intoxicated with 2.5 LD50 BoNT/A. In contrast to saline vehicle, which resulted in 100% mortality, infusion of 3,4-DAP at ≥ 1.0 mg/kg∙h from 1 to 14 d after intoxication produced 94.4% survival and full resolution of toxic signs, without rebound of toxic signs after infusion was stopped. In contrast, withdrawal of 3,4-DAP infusion at 5 d resulted in re-emergence of toxic sign and death within 12 h, confirming antidotal outcomes require sustained 3,4-DAP treatment for longer than 5 d after intoxication. We exploited this novel survival model of lethal botulism to explore neurophysiological parameters of diaphragm paralysis and recovery. While neurotransmission was nearly eliminated at 5 d, neurotransmission was significantly improved at 21 d in 3,4-DAP-infused survivors, although still depressed compared to naïve rats. 3,4-DAP is the first small molecule to reverse systemic paralysis and promote survival in animal models of botulism, thereby meeting a critical treatment need that is not addressed by post-exposure prophylaxis with conventional antitoxin. These data contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the use of 3,4-DAP to treat clinical botulism.
Capacity Contribution Mechanism of rGO for SnO2/rGO Composite as Anode of Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Guoju , Qu Yuanduo , Zheng Zihan , Wang Junkai , Zhu Ming , Duan Lianfeng
Published: June 2022

Compared with ordinary graphite anode, SnO2 possesses higher theoretical specific capacity, rich raw materials and low price. While the severe volume expansion of SnO2 during lithium-ion extraction/intercalation limits its further application. To solve this problem, in this work the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was introduced as volume buffer matrix of SnO2. Herein, SnO2/rGO composite is obtained through one-step hydrothermal method. Three-dimensional structure of rGO could effectively hinder the polymerization of SnO2 nanoparticles and provide more lithium storage sites attributed to high specific surface area and density defects. The initial discharge capacity of the composite cathode is 959 mA·h·g-1 and the capacity remained at 300 mA·h·g-1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C. It proved that the rGO added in the anode has a capacity contribution to the lithium-ion battery. It changes the capacity contribution mechanism from diffusion process dominance to surface driven capacitive contribution. Due to the addition of rGO, the anode material gains stable structure and great conductivity.
Molecular mechanism of lncRNA SNHG12 in immune escape of non-small cell lung cancer through the HuR/PD-L1/USP8 axis
Authors: Huang Yusheng , Xia Lei , Tan Xiangwu , Zhang Jingyi , Zeng Weiwei , Tan Benxu , Yu Xian , Fang Wei , Yang Zhenzhou
Published: June 2022

Background

The pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer immune responses has been well established. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the molecular mechanism of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) in immune escape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Expression of lncRNA SNHG12, programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8), and human antigen R (HuR) in NSCLC tissues and cells was measured, and their binding relationship was determined. NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-cultured with NSCLC cells. The ratio of CD8+ T cells, PBMC proliferation, and inflammatory factors were determined. lncRNA SNHG12 localization was assessed via subcellular fractionation assay. The half-life period of mRNA was determined using actinomycin D. Xenograft tumor models were established to confirm the role of lncRNA SNHG12 in vivo.

Results

LncRNA SNHG12 was found to be prominently expressed in NSCLC tissues and cells, which was associated with a poor prognosis. Silencing lncRNA SNHG12 resulted in the reduction in proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis of NSCLC cells, while simultaneously increasing PBMC proliferation and the ratio of CD8+ T cells. Mechanically, the binding of lncRNA SNHG12 to HuR improved mRNA stability and expression of PD-L1 and USP8, and USP8-mediated deubiquitination stabilized the protein level of PD-L1. Overexpression of USP8 or PD-L1 weakened the inhibition of silencing lncRNA SNHG12 on the immune escape of NSCLC. Silencing lncRNA SNHG12 restricted tumor growth and upregulated the ratio of CD8+ T cells by decreasing USP8 and PD-L1.

Conclusion

LncRNA SNHG12 facilitated the immune escape of NSCLC by binding to HuR and increasing PD-L1 and USP8 levels.
Evidence of neuroinflammation and immunotherapy responsiveness in individuals with down syndrome regression disorder
Authors: Santoro Jonathan D. , Partridge Rebecca , Tanna Runi , Pagarkar Dania , Khoshnood Mellad , Rehmani Mustafa , Kammeyer Ryan M. , Gombolay Grace Y. , Fisher Kristen , Conravey Allison , El-Dahr Jane , Christy Alison L. , Patel Lina , Manning Melanie A. , Van Mater Heather , Rafii Michael S. , Quinn Eileen A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Down syndrome regression disorder is a symptom cluster consisting of neuropsychiatric regression without cause. This study evaluated the incidence of neurodiagnostic abnormalities in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder and determined if abnormalities are indicative of responses to therapeutic intervention.

Methods

A retrospective, multi-center, case-control study was performed. Patients were required to have subacute onset and the presence of four of five symptom groups present (cognitive decline, expressive language, sleep derangement, loss of ability to perform activities of daily living, and/or a new movement disorder) and no other explanation for symptoms.

Results

Individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder were comparable to a cohort of individuals with only Down syndrome although had higher rates of autoimmune disease (p = 0.02, 95%CI 1.04–1.75). Neurodiagnostic abnormalities were found on EEG (n = 19, 26%), neuroimaging (n = 16, 22%), and CSF (n = 9, 17%). Pleocytosis was appreciated in five cases, elevated total protein in nine, elevated IgG index in seven, and oligoclonal bands in two. Testing within 2 years of symptom onset was more likely to have neurodiagnostic abnormalities (p = 0.01, 95%CI 1.64–37.06). In individuals with neurodiagnostic abnormalities, immunotherapy was nearly four times more likely to have a therapeutic effect than in those without neurodiagnostic abnormalities (OR 4.11, 95%CI 1.88–9.02). In those with normal neurodiagnostic studies (n = 43), IVIg was effective in 14 of 17 (82%) patients as well although other immunotherapies were uniformly ineffective.

Conclusions

This study reports the novel presence of neurodiagnostic testing abnormalities in individuals with Down syndrome regression disorder, providing credence to this symptom cluster potentially being of neurologic and/or neuroimmunologic etiology.
Synergistic co-administration of docetaxel and curcumin to chemoresistant cancer cells using PEGylated and RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers
Authors: Kim Chang Hyun , Kim Byoung Deok , Lee Tae Hwa , Kim Hyeon Kyun , Lyu Min Jeong , Yoon Young In , Goo Yoon Tae , Kang Myung Joo , Lee Sangkil , Choi Young Wook
Published: June 2022

Background

A targeted co-administration system of docetaxel (DTX) and curcumin (CUR) using a PEG-modified RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carrier (P/R-NLC) was constructed to exert synergistic anticancer effects against chemoresistant breast cancer.

Results

DTX- or CUR-loaded NLCs and P/R-NLCs were prepared using the solvent emulsification–evaporation method. NLCs showed homogeneous spherical morphology with nano-sized dispersion (< 210 nm) with zeta potential varying from − 16.4 to − 19.9 mV. DTX or CUR was successfully encapsulated in the NLCs: encapsulation efficiency (> 95%); drug loading (8 − 18%). All NLC formulations were stable for 4 weeks under the storage conditions at 4 °C. Drug release was diffusion-controlled, revealing the best fit to the Higuchi equation. DTX- or CUR-loaded formulations showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The DTX/CUR combination (1:3 w/w) in P/R-NLC formulations exhibited the strongest synergism in both MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells with combination index values of 0.286 and 0.130, respectively. Co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-P/R-NLCs increased apoptosis in both cell lines exhibited the superior synergistic inhibitory effect on MCF7/ADR three-dimensional spheroids. Finally, in OVCAR3-xenografted mouse models, co-treatment with DTX- or CUR-loaded P/R-NLCs significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to the other treatment groups.

Conclusions

Co-administration of DTX/CUR (1:3 w/w) using P/R-NLCs induced a synergistic effect against chemoresistant cancer cells.

Graphical Abstract
Advanced further training or dual higher education study: a choice experiment on the influence of employers’ preferences on career advancement
Authors: Maier Tobias
Published: June 2022

Although the number of graduates with a bachelor’s degree has risen over recent years, little information is available as to which position such persons hold within an establishment and whether they compete on the career ladder with persons from the vocational sector with advanced further training, for example master craftsmen, technicians or certified senior clerks. This article presents the results of a choice experiment in which decision makers at German establishments had to choose between three candidates to fill a vacant project management position. The candidates had completed either advanced further training or a bachelor’s programme in dual courses of study (training- or practice-integrated). They further differed in other characteristics, such as the place of training, final mark, occupational experience and specialisation. The results show that the training strategy of the establishments as well as their general experience with bachelor’s graduates plays an important role when the chances of career advancement are assessed. Persons with advanced further training certificates are only preferred if the establishments exclusively support advanced training programmes. For all other establishments the qualification path of the candidates does not matter. The results give rise to the supposition that dual higher education studies will represent an attractive alternative for young people as opposed to advanced further training if such dual programmes are expanded and awareness of them increases.
Geodata in labor market research: trends, potentials and perspectives
Authors: Ostermann Kerstin , Eppelsheimer Johann , Gläser Nina , Haller Peter , Oertel Martina
Published: June 2022

This article shows the potentials of georeferenced data for labor market research. We review developments in the literature and highlight areas that can benefit from exploiting georeferenced data. Moreover, we share our experiences in geocoding administrative employment data including wage and socioeconomic information of almost the entire German workforce between 2000 and 2017. To make the data easily accessible for research, we create 1-square-kilometer grid cells aggregating a rich set of labor market characteristics and sociodemographics of unprecedented spatial precision. These unique data provide detailed insights into inner-city distributions for all German cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Accordingly, we provide an extensive series of maps in the Additional file 1 and describe Berlin and Munich in greater detail. The small-scale maps reveal substantial differences in various labor market aspects within and across cities.
Inheritance of the duration of fertility in chickens and its correlation with laying performance
Authors: Wen Chaoliang , Mai Chunning , Cai Ronglang , Gou Qinli , Zhang Boxuan , Li Junying , Sun Congjiao , Yang Ning
Published: June 2022

Background

Duration of fertility (DF) is an important economic trait in poultry production because it has a strong effect on chick output. Various criteria or traits to assess DF on individual hens have been reported but they are affected by many nongenetic factors. Thus, a reliable definition and associated genetic parameters are needed. Because egg production is also vital in chicken breeding, knowledge of the relationship between DF and laying performance is needed for designing selection programs.

Methods

We used five traits that consider both fertility and embryonic livability to delineate DF. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were completed for 2094 hens, with measurements of DF at 35 and 60 weeks of age and hatching egg production at 400 days of age (HEP400). The selection differentials for DF and HEP400 were evaluated.

Results

DF is largely independent of the number of oviposited eggs in the peak laying period but both egg production and DF naturally decline with age. The heritability of the five DF traits ranged from 0.11 to 0.13 at 35 weeks of age and increased slightly in the later laying period, ranging from 0.14 to 0.17 (except for efficient duration, time between insemination and the first unhatched egg). Estimates of the genetic correlation for a given trait measured at the two ages were moderate (0.37–0.44), except for efficient duration. However, number of viable embryos depends strongly on egg production. Estimates of genetic correlations of fertility duration day (FDD) at both ages with HEP were weak. Selection for FDD improved DF but without a significant change in laying performance. Selection for increased HEP400 did not contribute to DF improvement.

Conclusions

Although estimates of heritability of the five traits related to DF were low, selection to improve DF based on any one of them is possible. Among these, FDD is an effective selection criterion when the eggs are collected for approximately two weeks after insemination. The best selection procedure for DF improvement would involve multiple measurements at various ages. FDD is independent of laying performance and can be incorporated into a breeding program with egg production to improve reproductive efficiency.
The correlation of atherosclerosis and triglyceride glucose index: a secondary analysis of a national cross-sectional study of Japanese
Authors: Yang Xingping , Gao Zhao , Huang Xuming , Zhang Mingxing , Chen Zhuoming
Published: June 2022

Background

Few studies examined the relationship between triglyceride/glucose index (TyG index) and atherosclerosis in Japanese adults. Therefore, this study evaluated their relationship, as measured based on the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Japanese adults.

Methods

A total of 912 participants was selected from the NAGALA (NAFLD in Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) study conducted from 2004 to 2012. The relationship between the TyG index and baPWV was estimated through a logistic model. Subgroup analyses by sex, age, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fatty liver was performed. The formula for TyG index was ln (½fasting triglyceride level [mg/dL] × fasting plasma glucose level [mg/dL]).

Results

A linear relationship between TyG and baPWV was discovered after adjusting for underlying confounders. An increased risk of baPWV was observed after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fatty liver, eGFR, and TyG as a continuous variable (adjusted odds ratio [adj OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.14–2.18). Compared with the TyG index in the first tertile, the probabilities of subjects in the third tertile that developed to baPWV were 1.78-fold higher (adj OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08–2.95: P for trend 0.024). Moreover, stable associations were observed between the TyG index and baPWV in different variables through subgroup analyses.

Conclusions

The highest tertile (above 8.57) of the TyG index was positively and linearly related to subclinical atherosclerosis in Japanese adults and may be valuable as a predicted marker.
Ventricular fibrillation arrest after blunt chest trauma in a 33-year-old man, commotio cordis?
Authors: Patel Neha , Pena Clarissa , Nesheiwat Zeid , Zafrullah Fnu , Eltahawy Ehab
Published: June 2022

Background

Commotio cordis is an event in which a blunt, non-penetrating blow to the chest occurs, triggering a life-threatening arrhythmia and often sudden death. This phenomenon is often seen in young, male athletes and has become increasingly well-known over the past few decades. We present a unique case in which ventricular fibrillation occurs in an older male athlete after blunt trauma.

Case presentation

Patient with no known medical history was brought to the ER after being found unconscious after a soccer ball kick to the chest. He was found to be in ventricular fibrillation and successfully resuscitated on the soccer field. Patient was admitted to the hospital and lab workup and initial imaging were unremarkable, except elevated troponin and lactate, which returned to normal levels. An echocardiogram showed global left ventricular systolic dysfunction with a visually estimated ejection fraction of 45–50%. Coronary showed angiographically nonobstructive coronary arteries. The patient was diagnosed with commotio cordis and discharged from the hospital in stable condition. Follow-up echocardiogram continued to show low ejection fraction and event monitor demonstrated frequent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with periods of asystole.

Conclusion

This case is unique in that blunt trauma to the chest from a soccer ball immediately triggered ventricular fibrillation in a patient with a possible cardiomyopathy. It is possible that the blunt trauma caused primary commotio cordis that led to cardiomyopathy in a previous healthy man, or that an underlying cardiomyopathy made it more likely for this to occur. Overall, increased awareness and prevention efforts of blunt chest trauma are required to reduce the high mortality associated life-threatening arrhythmias. There is limited data regarding the interplay between these two entities.
Association of blood lipids with coronary artery plaque among Saudi patients referred to computed tomography
Authors: Al Helali Sumaya , Abid Hanif Muhammad , Al Majed Ahmad , Alshugair Nura , Belfageih Abdullah , Al Qahtani Hamad , Al Dulikan Sameer
Published: June 2022

Background

Blood lipids are strong risk factors for the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, data on gender-specific associations are limited.

Objectives

To examine gender-specific associations of coronary plaque with blood lipids among a large sample of Saudi patients without CAD.

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients referred to (64 multidetector spiral) computed tomography (CT) for standard indications at the Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between July 2007 and December 2017. Those with pre-existing CAD were excluded. Plaques were determined based on quantification of coronary calcium and Coronary CT angiography.

Results

A total 2421 patients (1498 males and 923 females) were included. The prevalence of any plaque was 36.6% with higher burden in males than females (41.3% versus 28.9%, p < 0.001). Approximately 78.9% of all plaques were calcified. Blood lipids (mmol/L) were 4.75 ± 1.14 for total cholesterol, 2.90 ± 0.96 for LDL cholesterol, 1.20 ± 0.36 for HDL cholesterol, and 1.64 ± 1.09 for triglycerides. Males had significantly higher triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol compared with females. In adjusted models in males and all patients, soft and/or calcified plaques were significantly associated with lower HDL cholesterol and higher triglycerides. In females, the only significant association was between soft plaques and higher triglycerides.

Conclusions

Middle-aged patients without clinical CAD in Saudi Arabia have a high burden of plaques, specially calcified ones. The findings may impact the use of lipid lowering mediations, by underscoring the importance of assessing the risk of CAD in patients without clinical CAD even in case of lack of coronary calcification.
Assessing and addressing vulnerability in pregnancy: General practitioners perceived barriers and facilitators - a qualitative interview study
Authors: Brygger Venø Louise , Pedersen L. Bjørnskov , Søndergaard J. , Ertmann R. K. , Jarbøl D. E.
Published: June 2022

Background

Vulnerability due to low psychosocial resources increases among women in the fertile age. Undetected vulnerability in pregnancy is a major contributor to inequality in maternal and perinatal health and constitutes a risk of maternal depression, adverse birth outcomes,—i.e. preterm birth, low birth weight, and adverse outcomes in childhood such as attachment disorders. General practitioners (GPs) have a broad understanding of indicators of vulnerability in pregnancy. However, less than 25% of pregnant women with severe vulnerability are identified in Danish general practice. The aim was to explore GPs’ perceived barriers and facilitators for assessing and addressing vulnerability among pregnant women.

Methods

A qualitative study with semi-structured focus group interviews with twenty GPs from urban and rural areas throughout the Region of Southern Denmark. A mixed inductive and deductive analytic strategy was applied, structured according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results

Five themes emerged covering twelve TDF domains: (I)knowledge and attention, (II)professional confidence, (III)incentives, (IV)working conditions and (V)behavioral regulations. Prominent barriers to assessment were lack of continuity of care and trust in the doctor-patient relation. Other barriers were inattention to indicators of vulnerability, time limits, unavailable information on patients’ social support needs from cross-sectoral collaborators, and lack of reimbursement for the use of extra time. Fear of damaging the doctor-patient relation, ethical dilemmas and time limits were barriers to addressing vulnerability. Facilitators were increased attention on vulnerability, professionalism and a strong and trustful doctor-patient relation. Behavioral regulations ensuring continuity of care and extra time for history taking enabled assessing and addressing vulnerability, especially when a strong doctor-patient relation was absent.

Conclusions

The TDF disclosed several barriers, especially in the absence of a strong doctor-patient relation. A behavior change intervention of restructuring the organization of antenatal care in general practice might reduce the GPs’ barriers to assessing and addressing vulnerability in pregnancy. The findings may serve as a guide for commissioners and policymakers of antenatal care on the GPs’ support needs when providing antenatal care to vulnerable pregnant women.