bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’extension tissulaire
Authors: Viguier Eric
Published: December 2017

En chirurgie plastique et reconstructrice, les chirurgiens ont toujours recherché des moyens ou des techniques pour surmonter les difficultés très spécifiques des défauts tissulaires. Tout d’abord les plasties, greffes ou transplantations tissulaires, cutanées ou osseuses, sont basées sur un concept de remplacement anatomique ou structural à partir d’une zone donneuse. Les progrès technologiques, l’avancée des connaissances physiopathologiques ont permis le développement de procédés utilisant des appareils ou des implants capables d’augmenter la longueur ou la surface de certaines régions de l’organisme à proximité de toute perte de substance ou d’une anomalie de développement afin de les traiter. Trois cas cliniques permettront d’illustrer cette présentation.
Essorillage des Pitt Bull Terriers américains et des Staffordshire Bull Terriers
Authors: Bornet Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2017

Ear’s cutting of americain pit bull terriers and staefordshire bull terriers.

In front of the number of request for ears’s cutting of american Pit Bull Terriers and Staffordshire Bull Terriers, the author gives the rules of this plastic surgery.
Topographic analysis of the mandibular canal in coronal section, in the region of molars
Authors: Pinheiro S. , Mota V. , Silva S. , Benigno M.
Published: December 2017

The studies about bone resorption contributed greatly to the advancement of rehabilitation with dental implants and Buccomaxillo facial Surgery and Traumatology. This phenomenon leads to a more superficial localization of the mandibular canal in relation to the alveolar ridge when teeth are lost, limiting and hindering the installation Bone tissue, of implants, as well as other surgical procedures. This anatomical study aimed to analyze and interpret the distances from the mandibular canal to the alveolar ridge, in groups of dentate individuals and toothless, comparing them statistically, so 20 adult male cadavers divided into two groups, namely group A, formed by 10 dentate and group B, consisting of 10 toothless individuals. All their teeth were dissected and then, were checked the measurements of the distances between the roof of the mandibular canal and the alveolar ridge. The averages found were enlightening to say that bone resorption has consequences for treatment and surgery for dental implants, due to the decreasing bone support for the implantation and other surgical procedures, increasing the risk of injury to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle.
Effects of long-term physical exercise in the skeletal muscles of rats
Authors: Adala J. , Campos G.
Published: December 2017

Introdcution: The effects oflong-term physical exercise in the skeletal muscles were evaluated. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats, 25 days old each, were divided in 2 groups: trained (TG, n=21) and sedentary (SG, n=9). The TG group was subdivided in 3 groups: TGI, TGII and TGIII, n=7 in each group, and the SG was also subdivided in 3 groups: SGI, SGII and SGIII, n=3. The animals of the TG (I, II and III) performed running exercise on a electric running machine for 3, 6 and 9 weeks respectively. The animals of the sedentary groups remained without any exercise. After the experimental period the soleus (SOL), the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the plantaris (PL) muscles were extracted, weighed and analyzed by the histochemichal technique of mATPase to observe possible changes. Results: The TGIII showed a significant increase in the absolute values of muscle weight when compared to the TGI and TGII. There was an increase in the distribution of type I fibers and a decrease in types IIC and IIA in the SOL muscle. The EDL muscle showed an increase in IIA fibers and a decrease in IID IIB types. As for the PL muscle there was an increase in types IIA and IIAD and a decrease in IID type ibers. Conclusion: Physical exercise causes changes in the distribution of iber types in the skeletal muscles of rats and confirms the capacity of the fibers to adapt to the requirements of the proposed physical exercise in order to achieve a better performance.
Effects of increased body weight and short-term weight loss on serum PCSK9 levels – a prospective pilot study
Authors: Filippatos Theodosios D. , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Georgoula Maria , Tellis Constantinos , Tselepis Alexandros D. , Elisaf Moses
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism, but its serum concentration is not uniformly associated with cardiovascular disease in clinical studies. Obesity is linked with increased cardiovascular risk, but the effect of increased body weight and short-term weight loss on serum PCSK9 levels is not well studied.

Material and methods:  The aim of this prospective pilot study was to assess differences in serum PCSK9 levels (determined with a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay) between otherwise healthy drug-naïve obese subjects and healthy individuals with normal body weight. Additionally, PCSK9 levels were determined at baseline and after a 3-month weight-loss program with a low-fat diet in a randomly assigned subgroup of the obese subjects (n = 15).

Results: Obese subjects (n = 35) were older (age: 43 ± 11 years) and had significantly higher body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) index levels, as well as significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration, compared with normal-weight subjects (n = 20, age: 35 ± 6 years). Serum PCSK9 levels were significantly higher in obese subjects compared with normal-weight individuals, even after adjustment for age, LDL-C, triglycerides, HDL-C, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein E, glucose, insulin and HOMA index levels (p = 0.018). Obese subjects experienced significant weight loss (from 109 ± 22 to 104 ± 23 kg, p < 0.01), but serum PCSK9 levels did not significantly change after the 3-month weight-loss program.

Conclusions: Serum PCSK9 levels are higher in obese subjects than in normal-weight individuals. Short-term weight loss with a low-fat diet does not significantly affect PCSK9 levels.
No effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a pilot randomised study
Authors: Makariou Stefania E. , Elisaf Moses , Challa Anna , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Liberopoulos Evangelos N.
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VitD) serum levels compared with non-MetS individuals. Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is associated with various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Yet, the effect of VitD supplementation on MetS remains uncertain. Our aim was to examine the effect of VitD supplementation on CVD risk factors in MetS subjects.

Material and methods:  This pilot study had a PROBE (prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point) design. Fifty patients with MetS were included and randomised either to dietary instructions (n = 25) (control group) or dietary instructions plus VitD 2000 IU/day (n = 25) (VitD group) for 3 months. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01237769).

Results:  In both groups a similar small weight reduction was achieved. In the VitD group serum 25(OH)VitD levels significantly increased by 91% (from 16.0 (3.0–35.0) to 30.6 (8.4–67.0) ng/ml, p < 0.001), while in the control group no significant change was observed (from 10.0 (4.0–39.6) to 13.0 (3.5–37.0) ng/ml). In both groups triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c, homeostasis model assessment index and diastolic blood pressure did not significantly change. Systolic blood pressure decreased by 3.7% (from 134 ±14 to 129 ±13 mm Hg, p = 0.05) in the VitD group, while it decreased by 1.5% (from 132 ±13 to 130 ±16 mm Hg, p = NS) in the control group (p = NS between groups). In the VitD group serum 25(OH)VitD increase was negatively correlated with SBP decrease (r = –0.398, p = 0.049).

Conclusions: VitD supplementation (2000 IU/day) did not affect various CVD risk factors in patients with MetS.
Does contrast media volume affect long-term survival in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Biyik Ismail , Uzun Fatih , Erturk Mehmet , Ozturk Derya , Kalkan Ali Kemal , Akbay Ertan , Akture Gulsah , Emet Mucahit , Yalcin Ahmet Arif , Akturk Ibrahim Faruk
Published: December 2017

Introduction:  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between survival and related features in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography.

Material and methods:  Three hundred and seven consecutive patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. The study population was pursued with a median follow-up duration of 41.5 months.

Results: In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, age (HR = 1.047, 95% CI: 1.011–1.084, p = 0.01), contrast media volume (HR = 1.004, 95% CI: 1.001–1.007, p = 0.008), angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use (HR = 0.485, 95% CI: 0.261–0.901, p = 0.02), and e-GFR (HR = 0.978, 95% CI: 0.940–1.016, p = 0.04) were found to be independent predictors of long-term all-cause mortality. The survival analysis showed that the long-term all-cause mortality rate was higher in patients using contrast media volume greater than 140 ml compared to patients given less than or equal to 140 ml during the coronary angiography (3.6% vs. 11.6% log-rank, p = 0.001).

Conclusions: In patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing cardiac catheterization, age, contrast media volume, e-GFR and low ARB use were found to be independent predictors of long-term all-cause mortality. Contrast media volume used > 140 ml was independently associated with long-term all-cause mortality compared to less than or equal to 140 ml during cardiac catheterization.
Surface ozone and its precursors at Summit, Greenland: comparison between observations and model simulations
Authors: Huang Yaoxian , Wu Shiliang , Kramer Louisa J. , Helmig Detlev , Honrath Richard E.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Recent studies have shown significant challenges for atmospheric models to simulate tropospheric ozone (O3) and its precursors in the Arctic. In this study, ground-based data were combined with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to examine the abundance and seasonal variations of O3 and its precursors at Summit, Greenland (72.34° N, 38.29° W; 3212 m a.s.l.). Model simulations for atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), carbon monoxide (CO), and O3 for the period July 2008–June 2010 were compared with observations. The model performed well in simulating certain species (such as CO and C3H8), but some significant discrepancies were identified for other species and further investigated. The model generally underestimated NOx and PAN (by  ∼  50 and 30 %, respectively) for March–June. Likely contributing factors to the low bias include missing NOx and PAN emissions from snowpack chemistry in the model. At the same time, the model overestimated NOx mixing ratios by more than a factor of 2 in wintertime, with episodic NOx mixing ratios up to 15 times higher than the typical NOx levels at Summit. Further investigation showed that these simulated episodic NOx spikes were always associated with transport events from Europe, but the exact cause remained unclear. The model systematically overestimated C2H6 mixing ratios by approximately 20 % relative to observations. This discrepancy can be resolved by decreasing anthropogenic C2H6 emissions over Asia and the US by  ∼ 20 %, from 5.4 to 4.4 Tg year−1. GEOS-Chem was able to reproduce the seasonal variability of O3 and its spring maximum. However, compared with observations, it underestimated surface O3 by approximately 13 % (6.5 ppbv) from April to July. This low bias appeared to be driven by several factors including missing snowpack emissions of NOx and nitrous acid in the model, the weak simulated stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange flux of O3 over the summit, and the coarse model resolution.
Global-scale evaluation of 22 precipitation datasets using gauge observations and hydrological modeling
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Vergopolan Noemi , Pan Ming , Levizzani Vincenzo , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Weedon Graham P. , Brocca Luca , Pappenberger Florian , Huffman George J. , Wood Eric F.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of 22 gridded (quasi-)global (sub-)daily precipitation (P) datasets for the period 2000–2016. Thirteen non-gauge-corrected P datasets were evaluated using daily P gauge observations from 76 086 gauges worldwide. Another nine gauge-corrected datasets were evaluated using hydrological modeling, by calibrating the HBV conceptual model against streamflow records for each of 9053 small to medium-sized ( <  50 000 km2) catchments worldwide, and comparing the resulting performance. Marked differences in spatio-temporal patterns and accuracy were found among the datasets. Among the uncorrected P datasets, the satellite- and reanalysis-based MSWEP-ng V1.2 and V2.0 datasets generally showed the best temporal correlations with the gauge observations, followed by the reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and NCEP-CFSR) and the satellite- and reanalysis-based CHIRP V2.0 dataset, the estimates based primarily on passive microwave remote sensing of rainfall (CMORPH V1.0, GSMaP V5/6, and TMPA 3B42RT V7) or near-surface soil moisture (SM2RAIN-ASCAT), and finally, estimates based primarily on thermal infrared imagery (GridSat V1.0, PERSIANN, and PERSIANN-CCS). Two of the three reanalyses (ERA-Interim and JRA-55) unexpectedly obtained lower trend errors than the satellite datasets. Among the corrected P datasets, the ones directly incorporating daily gauge data (CPC Unified, and MSWEP V1.2 and V2.0) generally provided the best calibration scores, although the good performance of the fully gauge-based CPC Unified is unlikely to translate to sparsely or ungauged regions. Next best results were obtained with P estimates directly incorporating temporally coarser gauge data (CHIRPS V2.0, GPCP-1DD V1.2, TMPA 3B42 V7, and WFDEI-CRU), which in turn outperformed the one indirectly incorporating gauge data through another multi-source dataset (PERSIANN-CDR V1R1). Our results highlight large differences in estimation accuracy, and hence the importance of P dataset selection in both research and operational applications. The good performance of MSWEP emphasizes that careful data merging can exploit the complementary strengths of gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based P estimates.
Basic features of the predictive tools of early warning systems for water-related natural hazards: examples for shallow landslides
Authors: Greco Roberto , Pagano Luca
Published: December 2017

Abstract. To manage natural risks, an increasing effort is being put in the development of early warning systems (EWS), namely, approaches facing catastrophic phenomena by timely forecasting and alarm spreading throughout exposed population. Research efforts aimed at the development and implementation of effective EWS should especially concern the definition and calibration of the interpretative model. This paper analyses the main features characterizing predictive models working in EWS by discussing their aims and their features in terms of model accuracy, evolutionary stage of the phenomenon at which the prediction is carried out and model architecture. Original classification criteria based on these features are developed throughout the paper and shown in their practical implementation through examples of flow-like landslides and earth flows, both of which are characterized by rapid evolution and quite representative of many applications of EWS.
Observations and simulations of the seasonal evolution of snowpack cold content and its relation to snowmelt and the snowpack energy budget
Authors: Jennings Keith S. , Kittel Timothy G. F. , Molotch Noah P.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Cold content is a measure of a snowpack's energy deficit and is a linear function of snowpack mass and temperature. Positive energy fluxes into a snowpack must first satisfy the remaining energy deficit before snowmelt runoff begins, making cold content a key component of the snowpack energy budget. Nevertheless, uncertainty surrounds cold content development and its relationship to snowmelt, likely because of a lack of direct observations. This work clarifies the controls exerted by air temperature, precipitation, and negative energy fluxes on cold content development and quantifies the relationship between cold content and snowmelt timing and rate at daily to seasonal time scales. The analysis presented herein leverages a unique long-term snow pit record along with validated output from the SNOWPACK model forced with 23 water years (1991–2013) of quality controlled, infilled hourly meteorological data from an alpine and subalpine site in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The results indicated that precipitation exerted the primary control on cold content development with snowfall responsible for 84.4 % and 73.0 % of simulated gains in the alpine and subalpine, respectively. A negative surface energy balance – primarily driven by sublimation and longwave radiation emission from the snowpack – during dry periods provided a secondary pathway for cold content development, and was responsible for the remaining 15.6 % and 27.0 % of cold content additions. Non-zero cold content values were associated with reduced snowmelt rates and delayed snowmelt onset at daily to sub-seasonal time scales. These results suggest that the information provided by cold content observations and/or simulations is most relevant to snowmelt processes at shorter time scales, and may help water resource managers to better predict melt onset and rate.
Consumption of atmospheric methane by the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe ecosystem
Authors: Yun Hanbo , Wu Qingbai , Zhuang Qianlai , Chen Anping , Yu Tong , Lyu Zhou , Yang Yuzhhong , Jin Huijun , Liu Guojun , Qu Yang , Liu Licheng
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Methane (CH4) cycle on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), the world's largest high-elevation permafrost region, is sensitive to climate change and subsequent cryoturbation dynamics. Yet its magnitudes, patterns, and environmental controls are still poorly understood. Here we report results from five continuous year-round CH4 observation from a typical alpine steppe ecosystem in the QTP permafrost region. Results suggested the QTP permafrost region was a CH4 sink of −0.86 ± 0.23 g CH4–C m-2 yr1 over 2012–2016, a rate higher than that of many other permafrost areas such as Arctic tundra in northern Greenland, Alaska, and western Siberia. Soil temperature and soil water content were dominant factors controlling CH4 fluxes and their correlations however changed with soil depths due to cryoturbation dynamics. This region was a net CH4 sink in autumn, but a net source in spring, despite both seasons experienced similar top soil thawing and freeze dynamics. The opposite effect was likely caused by their season–specialized cryoturbation processes, which modified the vertical distribution of soil layers that are highly mixed like a multi–layer hamburger in autumn, but not in spring. Furthermore, the traditional definition of four seasons failed to capture the pattern of annual CH4 cycle. We developed a new season division method based on soil temperature, bacteria activities, and permafrost active layer thickness, which significantly improved the modelling of annual CH4 cycle. Collectively, our findings highlight the critical role of fine–scale climate and cryoturbation in driving permafrost CH4 dynamics, which needs to be better monitored and modelled in Earth system models.
The Pandemic and its Impacts
Authors: Qiu W. , Rutherford S. , Mao A. , Chu C.
Published: December 2017

The Pandemic has a long history, but the term of “pandemic” is still not been defined by many medical texts. There have been many significant pandemics recorded in human history, and the pandemic related crises have caused enormous negative impacts on health, economies, and even national security in the world. This article will explore the literature for the concept and history of pandemics; summarises the key features of a pandemics, and discusses the negative impacts on health, economy, social and global security of pandemics and disease outbreaks.
Individualism as Habitus: Reframing the Relationship between Income Inequality and Health
Authors: Adjaye-Gbewonyo D.
Published: December 2017

Public health literature has demonstrated a negative effect of income inequality on a number of health outcomes. Researchers have attempted to explain this phenomenon, drawing on psychosocial and neo-materialist explanations. This paper argues, however, that these approaches fail to recognize the crucial role of culture, focusing specifically on the cultural value of individualism. Through a review of the literature and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice as a theoretical framework, I provide support for the proposition that an ideology based in individualism is the context within which income inequality, social fragmentation, material deprivation, and consequently poor health outcomes are produced. I further offer recommendations for continued research into the role of cultural determinants in the income inequality-health relationship.
Unsettling the (presumed) settled: Contents and Discontents of Contraception in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Appleton N. S.
Published: December 2017

In January 2017, New Zealand’s medicines and medical devices safety authority, Medsafe,  announced in a press release that its Medicines Classification Committee (MCC) had recommended a reclassification of certain oral contraceptives in order for them to be made available over the counter in pharmacies.  In A/NZ, a progressive temporal narrative has been established around contraception that begins with the heroic struggle of women at the turn of the 20th Century to get access to contraception and abortion as a way to manage their reproductive lives and progresses to the guaranteed access of contraceptives to women. My intention to interrogate the contemporary contraceptive reality is not a project to undermine the historically important moves women have made here in A/NZ; but, rather, to include new places of analysis including how indigenous communities experienced the same contraceptives moments differently under the gaze of a eugenics project.
A Critical Approach to Teaching About, Through, and For Human Rights
Authors: Cranston Jerome , Janzen Melanie D.
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the findings from a collaborative inquiry research study that explored instructors’ perspectives and students’ perceptions of an innovative ten-day graduate level human rights education course for educators. The course was the result of a partnership between the Faculty of Education at the University of Manitoba and the Canadian Museum for Human Rights. The purpose of the course was to encourage students to critically examine human rights; specifically, whose human rights stories get told, how they get told, and by whom. The findings suggest that while there were worthwhile insights gained when considering on teaching about, through, and for human rights, there were also significant challenges that can inform other courses that encourage students to adopt a critical stance with topics, like human rights, that seem unassailable.
Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche menée en collaboration dont l’objectif était d’explorer les perspectives des instructeurs et les perceptions des étudiants concernant un cours de cycle supérieur de dix jours pour éducateurs sur les droits de la personne. Le cours était le résultat d’un partenariat entre la Faculté d’éducation de l’Université du Manitoba et le Musée canadien pour les droits de la personne. L’objectif du cours était d’encourager les étudiants à examiner les droits de la personne de façon critique, en particulier les récits concernant les droits de la personne qui sont racontés, la manière dont ils sont racontés et par qui. Les résultats suggèrent que, bien que le cours ait permis d’acquérir des connaissances utiles qui peuvent être enseignées sur les droits de la personne et pour ces droits, il a également permis de mettre à jour des défis importants qui pourraient s’appliquer à d’autres cours dans lesquels on encourage les étudiants à adopter un point de vue critique sur des sujets tels que les droits de la personne qui semblent inattaquables.
PAULO FREIRE NO ÂMBITO DA PESQUISA: OS CÍRCULOS DIALÓGICOS INVESTIGATIVO-FORMATIVOS COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE REINVENÇÃO DOS CÍRCULOS DE CULTURA E AUTO(TRANS) FORMAÇÃO PERMANENTE COM PROFESSORES
Authors: Toniolo Joze Medianeira dos Santos de Andrade , Henz Celso Ilgo
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo objetiva socializar as construções realizadas no âmbito da pesquisa, tomando como base os aportes teóricos de Paulo Freire. Inspirados pelos Círculos de Cultura (FREIRE, 2014), (re)criamos os Círculos Dialógicos Investigativo-formativos como uma proposta epistemológico-política de pesquisa, a partir de oito diferentes movimentos que os constituem: a escuta sensível e o olhar/aguçado; a emersão/imersão das/nas temáticas; o distanciamento/desvelamento da realidade; a descoberta do inacabamento; os diálogos problematizadores; o registro re-criativo; a conscientização e a auto(trans)formação, que vai se potencializando e se constituindo em todos os demais movimentos. Durante a realização dos Círculos Dialógicos com os professores esses movimentos vão se tramando dialógica e dialeticamente, visando sempre a auto(trans)formação, tanto do pesquisador líder como dos sujeitos coautores envolvidos na pesquisa.
Benefits and Challenges of International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption in Ghana: Accounts and Business Managers’ Perspective
Authors: Amanamah Richmell Baaba
Published: December 2017

The objective of the study was to identify benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRSs) in Ghana from account and business managers’ perspective. The study used purposive sampling to collect data from 187 accounting professionals and managers in all business sectors of Ghana. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A Kruskal-Wallis H non-parametric tests (KW) was conducted to determine whether there are statistically significant differences of perception among five groups of the level of professional affiliation and six groups of role and position. The results revealed that the adoption of the IFRSs has among other benefits, increase the quality of accounting information, increased investors’ confidence, increase comparability of financial statement among companies both nationally and internationally, reduced the cost of equity capital, made the preparation and auditing of financial statement very transparent and easier. The findings also revealed that though the cost of implementation was very high and accounts and business managers’ faced some challenges in the implementation of the standards, the benefit derived from its implementation outweighed the challenges. Respondents perceived that IFRSs is too complicated for adoption by SMEs. They recommend that more training is needed to equip professionals in the effective implementation of IFRSs.The paper recommends that ICAG should conduct regular training for their members, other implementers as well as owners and operators of SMEs on the IFRSs especially on the emerging standards.
Feasibility of arthroscopic autologous chondrocyte implantation in the hip using an injectable hydrogel
Authors: Thier Steffen , Baumann Florian , Weiss Christel , Fickert Stefan
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

In the long term the treatment of articular cartilage defects of the hip has the most direct impact on the postoperative outcome and should diminish degenerative changes caused by different pathologies. The purpose of this prospective feasibility study is to describe technical aspects of arthroscopic, injectable autologous chondrocyte implantation in the hip and to report the short-term outcome.

Methods:

Full-thickness cartilage defects of 13 patients were treated arthroscopically with an injectable autologous chondrocyte transplantation product (Novocart Inject, Tetec) in a 2-step surgical procedure. Patient-related outcome was assessed with iHOT 33, EQ-5D and Non Arthritic Hip Score at baseline (day before transplantation), after 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months.

Results:

13 out of 13 patients (all men) with a mean age of 32.7 ± 6.9 years and an average defect size of 1.9 ± 1.0 cm2 were available for follow-up after a mean of 12 months (range 6-24 months). All defects were located on the acetabulum and 11 were associated with a labral lesion of 2.9 hours size. Femoroacetabular impingement (10 cam, 2 combined, 1 pincer) was the cause of all defects. An overall statistically significant improvement was observed for all assessment scores.

Conclusions:

In this study we present the feasibility and short-term data of an arthroscopic injectable autologous chondrocyte transplant as a treatment option for full-thickness cartilage defects of the hip. All patient-administered assessment scores demonstrated an increase in activity level, improvement in quality of life and reduction of pain after a 12-month follow-up. Further randomised controlled trails with long-term follow-up and additional morphological assessment are needed.
Patient-reported quality of life and hip function after 2-stage revision of chronic periprosthetic hip joint infection: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Poulsen Ninna R. , Mechlenburg Inger , Søballe Kjeld , Lange Jeppe
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Very limited information is available regarding patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and hip function following treatment for chronic periprosthetic hip joint infection (PJI). Patient-reported outcome measures provide essential information to clinicians of the impact a treatment have on patient’s lives. The purpose of this study was to examine patient reported HRQoL and hip function after a completed re-implantation in a 2-stage revision.

Method:

82 patients were identified retrospectively in the National Patient Register. 57 patients were alive and asked to complete the questionnaires EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) in November 2014. Results were compared to normative population data for EQ-5Dindex. Patients re-infected after a completed 2-stage revision were compared with not re-infected.

Results:

45 patients completed the questionnaires. Mean time since re-implantation was 8.2 years (95% CI [confidence interval], 7.7-0.87). The EQ-5D index mean for the 2-stage group was 0.71 (0.64; 0.77) whereas the general population mean is 0.85 (0.84-0.85), p = 0.0004. The 2-stage revision patients scored significantly lower on every EQ-5D dimension. The re-infected group mean EQ-5D index score was significantly lower compared to the not re-infected group, p = 0.003. The EQ-VAS mean score was 58.2 (57.3-68.3) and the mean OHS for the group was 29.2 (25.4-33.0).

Conclusions:

Patients who undergo 2-stage revision after a PJI have lower scores on HRQoL than the general population. Patients who are re-infected following revision have a lower HRQoL score than patients not re-infected. Future research should focus on optimising patient-reported outcomes after treatment for PJI.
Decline in allogeneic blood transfusion usage in total hip arthroplasty patients: National Inpatient Sample 2009 to 2013
Authors: Gwam Chukwuweike U. , Mistry Jaydev B. , Etcheson Jennifer I. , George Nicole E. , Connors Grayson , Thomas Melbin , Adamu Hephzibah , Patel Nirav G. , Delanois Ronald E.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Although total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an effective treatment for end-stage arthritis, it is also associated with substantial blood loss that may require allogeneic blood transfusion. However, these transfusions may increase the risk of certain complications. The purpose of our study is to evaluate: (i) the incidence/trends of allogeneic blood transfusion; (ii) the associated risk factors and adverse events; and (iii) the discharge disposition, length of stay (LOS), and costs for these patients between 2009 and 2013.

Methods:

The National Inpatient Sample database was used to identify 1,542,366 primary THAs performed between 2009 and 2013. Patients were stratified based on demographics, economic data, hospital characteristics, comorbidities, and whether or not allogeneic transfusion was received. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the risk factors for transfusion and postoperative complications.

Results:

From 2009 to 2013, allogeneic transfusions were used in 16.9% of primary THAs, with a declining annual incidence. Except for obesity, all comorbidities were associated with increased likelihood of receiving a transfusion. Allogeneic transfusion patients were more likely to experience surgical site infections or pulmonary complications (p<0.001 for all). These patients were more likely to be discharged to a short-term care facility (p<0.001). Additionally, they had a greater mean LOS (p<0.001) and higher median hospital costs and charges when compared to their non-transfused counterparts.

Conclusions:

While the observed decline in allogeneic transfusion usage is encouraging, further efforts should focus on preoperative patient optimisation. Given the projected increase in demand for primary THAs, orthopaedic surgeons must be familiar with safe and effective blood conservation protocols.
Development and sensorial acceptance of biofortified cassava snack
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Alves de , Reis Ronielli Cardoso , Santana Hannah Miranda , Santos Vanderlei Da Silva , Carvalho José Luiz Viana de
Published: December 2017

Cassava is the food base for millions of people in tropical Africa, Latin America and Asia. However, cassava commercial varieties are deficient in vitamin A and the consumption of biofortified cassava, which has a higher concentration of Beta-carotene in the roots, represents an alternative to prevent this deficiency. Dehydrated products are an integral part of many consumers’ diet, which have preferred healthier and lower calorie foods. This study aimed to develop a dehydrated product of cassava (dehydrated chips) from biofortified varieties. The dehydrated chips were elaborated from the following biofortified cassava genotypes: BRS Dourada, BRS Gema de Ovo, BRS Jari and hybrid 2003 14-11. For obtaining the dehydrated chips, cassava roots were washed, sanitized, peeled, sliced to a thickness of 0.8 mm, blanched and dehydrated at 65 °C. First, dehydrated chips were prepared with no added flavoring, from roots of four cassava genotypes harvested at 12 months after planting, in order to select the two most suitable for dehydrated chips production based on sensory acceptance. In the second stage, dehydrated chips were produced with the addition of onion and parsley flavoring, from the two genotypes selected in the previous step. The BRS Jari variety and hybrid 2003 14-11 showed highest total carotenoid content, 10.54 ?g g g-1 and 6.92 ?g g g-1, respectively, and  Beta-carotene, 8.93 ?g g g-1 and 4.98 ?g g g-1, respectively. For carotenoids and Beta-carotene retention there was no significant difference among the dehydrated chips prepared with four biofortified cassava genotypes, which showed average values of 76% and 67%, respectively. Dehydrated chips made with the BRS Jari and hybrid 2003 14-11 had highest average for flavor attribute and did not differ on the crispness and overall acceptance and classified between "like slightly” and "like moderately”. Despite the addition of "onion and parsley" flavoring, there has been no greater acceptance by consumers. Dehydrated cassava chips made with the BRS Jari variety and the hybrid 2003 14-11 showed good sensorial acceptance and higher total carotenoid and Beta-carotene contents, thus being biofortified varieties suitable for the elaboration of this product.
Comparative evaluation between the extenders TES-TRIS and ACP-112® and the association of Sálva Marajó oil (Lippia origanoides) in the quality of cryopreserved buffalo sperm
Authors: Reis Adriana Novaes dos , Miranda Moysés Dos Santos , Silva Lílian Kátia Ximenes , Silva Aluizio Otavio Almeida da , Sousa José Silva de , Morais Eziquiel De , Garcia Alexandre Rossetto , Domingues Sheyla Farhayldes Souza , Silva Joyce Kelly do Rosário da , Ribeiro Haroldo Francisco Lobato
Published: December 2017

For artificial insemination, it is essential to use frozen semen, however the freezing process causes deleterious changes to the structure and integrity of sperm membranes that compromise the function of sperm. To avoid this cellular damage, extenders and suitable substrates must be used to recover the highest possible number of viable cells post-thaw. To this end, in the first experiment, we evaluated three different extenders: TES-TRIS, which is widely used for buffaloes; and an extender composed of powdered coconut water-based (ACP-112®) with or without milk (ACP-112®-milk) for buffalo semen freezing. In the second experiment, we evaluated the effect of Lippia origanoides oil extract on protecting buffalo sperm against cryoinjury arising from freezing semen. Semen was collected from ten buffalo bulls (10 ejaculates/bull) and diluted in TES-TRIS (control), ACP-112® or ACP-112®-Milk in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the samples were diluted in the diluent with the best results for sperm quality obtained in experiment I, and 2.5 ?g mL-1, 5 ?g mL-1 or 10 ?g mL-1 of the plant extract was added to treatments; and a control group containing only the diluent was also included. The fresh semen was analyzed for conventional features such as motility, concentration, morphology and viability. After thawing, the samples were evaluated again for motility, vigor and supra-vital staining, and then, were performed the of thermal-resistance test, hypoosmotic test and evaluated sperm membrane integrity with the fluorescent probes PI, FITC-PSA and JC-1 using flow cytometry. The data were submitted to ANOVA, and the results were compared by Tukey’s test at a significance of 5%. In the first experiment, the extender TES-TRIS showed better results for the various characteristics evaluated compared to ACP-112® and ACP-112®-Milk (P < 0.05), demonstrating greater protection of the buffalo sperm structures during cryopreservation. In the second experiment, the treatments with different concentrations of Lippia origanoides essential oil extract showed no differences among the assessed variables regarding the protection of sperm structures during cryopreservation (P > 0.05). Based on these data, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of TES-TRIS for post-thaw buffalo sperm quality; however, no protective effect was observed for buffalo sperm cryopreserved with the different tested concentrations of Lippia origanoides extract oil.
Leucine levels in low protein diets for pigs in the initial phase
Authors: Diaz Huepa Laura Marcela , Fachinello Marcelise Regina , Esteves Lucas Antonio Costa , Paula Vinicius Ricardo Cambito de , Ferreira Silvia Leticia , Pasquetti Tiago Junior , Castilha Leandro Dalcin , Vasconcellos Ricardo De Souza , Pozza Paulo Cesar
Published: December 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) leucine levels in low crude protein diets on Performance, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsi depth and biochemical blood parameters of starting pigs. A total of 50 pigs, with initial weight of 11.14±0.24 kg; were distributed in a randomized blocks design with five treatments (1.10; 1.25; 1.40; 1.55 and 1.70% SID leucine), five replicates and two animals per experimental unit, comprised for a barrow and a gilt. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced (P=0.018) due to the increasing SID leucine levels, without affecting other growth performance parameters (final weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, backfat thickness, longissimus dorsi depth and lean meat percentage). There was a quadratic effect for plasma triglyceride (P=0.049) and plasma urea (P=0.001). The optimal SID leucine levels obtained for triglycerides and urea were 1.16% and 1.24%, respectively, by associating the quadratic model with the Linear Response Plateu. Low crude protein diets with SID leucine levels up to 1.70% improved the feed conversion with desired urea and triglycerides concentration in blood plasmas achieved at 1.16% and 1.24%, respectively.
Antonia M. Waltermann, ‘Sovereignties’
Authors: Wolthuis Bertjan
Published: December 2017

A.M. Waltermann, ‘Sovereignties’

‘Sovereignties’ provides clear insights in various aspects of sovereignty, but Waltermann’s approach hides certain issues from view.
Safety of Navigation in the Arctic
Authors: Dyrcz Czesław
Published: December 2017

This article presents the results of research based on analysis of ice conditions on the Arctic Sea in recent years and consequences of these changes. The Arctic ice extent are changed due to global warming. Reducing the ice surface leads to intensification of the navigation of the waters of the Arctic Sea, resulting in a significant reduction of the distance between the ports of Europe and East Asia and the North and South Americas. This phenomenon is conducive to the opening of new shipping routes leading through the Arctic Sea. After the entry into force of 1st January, 2017 The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) is expected to improve the safety of conducting the navigation of the waters. Analysis of maritime accidents in the Arctic waters shows that the number of accidents has a growing trend, however, last year brings them a significant decreasing.
M 2 M Communications System Proposal for Maritime Applications
Authors: Gajewska Małgorzata
Published: December 2017

This article describes the proposal to use the M2M communication to enhance the safety of people, ships and other marine infrastructure, in broadly defined marine systems. In addition, there are numerous examples of planned solutions to be implemented in the near future as well as new services. The proposal for M2M communication system architecture is described below. In addition, the use of the STRUGA system radio interface as the M2M communication interface is proposed.
Automatic Identification System (AIS) Dynamic Data Estimation Based on Discrete Kalman Filter (KF) Algorithm
Authors: Jaskólski Krzysztof
Published: December 2017

Due to the safety reason, the ship movement on the littoral area should be monitored, tracked, recorded and stored. Automatic Identification System (AIS) is the perfect tool to ensure this requirement. The limit probability for the AIS dynamic data availability can be limited by the lack of Global Position System (GPS) signal, heading (HDG) and rate of turn (ROT) data in position report. Availability of data link is an additional limitation. For this purpose, it is possible to attach the Discrete Kalman filter (KF) for the position, and course estimation. Coordinate estimation in the absence of a transmission link can improve the quality of AIS service at Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) stations. This article presents Kalman filtering algorithm to improve the possibilities of ship motion tracking and monitoring in the TSS (Traffic Separation Scheme) and fairways area. Only 39 iterations were presented to familiarize how the Kalman filter algorithm works. The archival data from 2006 were used deliberately. During that time, there were problems with the AIS availability service. With the use of measurements series from those years, it is easier to observe the effectiveness of Kalman filter in absence of AIS data.
Next-Generation Sequencing Approach to Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Yields More Actionable Alterations
Authors: Mehrad Mitra , Roy Somak , Bittar Humberto Trejo , Dacic Sanja
Published: December 2017

Context.—

Different testing algorithms and platforms for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements in advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma exist. The multistep approach with single-gene assays has been challenged by more efficient next-generation sequencing (NGS) of a large number of gene alterations. The main criticism of the NGS approach is the detection of genomic alterations of uncertain significance.

Objective.—

To determine the best testing algorithm for patients with lung cancer in our clinical practice.

Design.—

Two testing approaches for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma were offered between 2012–2015. One approach was reflex testing for an 8-gene panel composed of DNA Sanger sequencing for EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF and fluorescence in situ hybridization for ALK, ROS1, MET, and RET. At the oncologist's request, a subset of tumors tested by the 8-gene panel was subjected to a 50-gene Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Panel.

Results.—

Of 1200 non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), 57 including 46 adenocarcinomas and NSCLCs, not otherwise specified; 7 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs); and 4 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) were subjected to Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Panel. Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Panel detected 9 potentially actionable variants in 29 adenocarcinomas that were wild type by the 8-gene panel testing (9 of 29, 31.0%) in the following genes: ERBB2 (3 of 29, 10.3%), STK11 (2 of 29, 6.8%), PTEN (2 of 29, 6.8%), FBXW7 (1 of 29, 3.4%), and BRAF G469A (1 of 29, 3.4%). Four SCCs and 2 LCNECs showed investigational genomic alterations.

Conclusions.—

The NGS approach would result in the identification of a significant number of actionable gene alterations, increasing the therapeutic options for patients with advanced NSCLCs.
Clinical significance of circulating immune cells in left- and right-sided colon cancer
Authors: Di Jiabo , Zhuang Meng , Yang Hong , Jiang Beihai , Wang Zaozao , Su Xiangqian
Published: December 2017

Background

Left-sided and right-sided colon cancers (LCCs and RCCs, respectively) differ in their epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetic and epigenetic alterations, molecular pathways and prognosis. Notably, immune response gene expression profiles have been shown to differ between patients with LCC and patients with RCC. The immune system plays an important role in tumor immunosurveillance, and there is increasing evidence that peripheral blood immune cells have a profound influence on tumor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of circulating immune cells with respect to colon tumor locations.

Methods

Different types of circulating immune cells were separated and analysed based on their surface markers by flow cytometry. We compared the numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of 94 patients with RCC or LCC and analysed the proportions of these immune cells in relation to tumor stage, tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis.

Results

We show that at later tumor stages, patients with LCC had higher levels of circulating myeloid DCs (P = 0.049) and plasmacytoid DCs (P = 0.018) than patients with RCC. In poorly differentiated tumors, LCC patients had significantly higher amount of plasmacytoid DCs (P = 0.036), CD4+ memory T (Tm) cells (P = 0.012), CD4+ T cells (P = 0.028), Tm cells (P = 0.014), and regulatory T cells (P = 0.001) than RCC patients. The levels of circulating CD4+ T cells, Tm cells and CD4+ Tm cells were significantly elevated at later stages in patients with LCC or RCC, while these cells decreased in poorly differentiated tumors in patients with RCC. Moreover, CD4+ Tm cell and CD4+ T cell levels are significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with LCC and RCC.

Discussion

Circulating immune cells were associated with tumor location, tumor stage and tumor differentiation, and can be used to predict lymphatic metastasis in patients with colon cancer. This variation in systemic immunity could contribute to the differential prognosis of patients with colon cancer.