bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BaHaMAs: a method for uncertainty quantification in geodetic time series and its application in short-term prediction of length of day
Authors: Kiani Shahvandi Mostafa , Mishra Siddhartha , Soja Benedikt
Published: October 2024

Some of the important geodetic time series used in various Earth science disciplines are provided without uncertainty estimates. This can affect the validity of conclusions based on such data. However, an efficient uncertainty quantification algorithm to tackle this problem is currently not available. Here we present a methodology to approximate the aleatoric uncertainty in time series, called Bayesian Hamiltonian Monte Carlo Autoencoders (BaHaMAs). BaHaMAs is based on three elements: (1) self-supervised autoencoders that learn the underlying structure of the time series, (2) Bayesian machine learning that accurately quantifies the data uncertainty, and (3) Monte Carlo sampling that follows the Hamiltonian dynamics. The method can be applied in various fields in the Earth sciences. As an example, we focus on Atmospheric and Oceanic Angular Momentum time series (AAM and OAM, respectively), which are typically provided without uncertainty information. We apply our methodology to 3-hourly AAM and OAM time series and quantify the uncertainty in the data from 1976 up to the end of 2022. Furthermore, since Length of Day (LOD) is a geodetic time series that is closely connected to AAM and OAM and its short-term prediction is important for various space-geodetic applications, we show that the use of the derived uncertainties alongside the time series of AAM and OAM improves the prediction performance of LOD on average by 17% for different time spans. Finally, a comparison with alternative uncertainty quantification baseline methods, i.e., variational autoencoders and deep ensembles, reveals that BaHaMAs is more accurate in quantifying uncertainty.

Graphical Abstract
Massive enteric necrosis caused by histiocytic sarcoma embolism: a case report
Authors: Imoto Yoshitaka , Yamadera Masato , Ohno Hiroki , Okamoto Koichi , Kajiwara Yoshiki , Kishi Yoji , Shimazaki Hideyuki , Matsukuma Susumu , Ueno Hideki
Published: October 2024

Background

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of neoplastic histiocytes. We herein report an unusual case of HS that caused massive tumor embolism-related transmural necrosis of the small intestine.

Case presentation

A 64-year-old man presented with multiple nodules in the lungs, bone, mediastinum, and subcutaneous tissues that were incidentally detected on preoperative computed tomography for early transverse colon cancer. Approximately two months later, the patient presented with signs of peritoneal irritation suggestive of small intestinal necrosis. Emergency surgery was performed and the necrotic small intestine was resected. Pathological examination revealed small bowel necrosis due to multifocal HS embolism. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was unsuccessfully treated with chemotherapy for HS and died 122 days postoperatively.

Conclusions

HS can cause massive enteric necrosis due to tumor embolism. Clinicians should be aware of this rare presentation of HS.
Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review
Authors: Del Duchetto Francis , Dussault-Picard Cloé , Gagnon Martine , Dixon Philippe , Cherni Yosra
Published: October 2024

Background

Running is a widely practiced sport worldwide associated with a host of benefits on cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and mental health, but often leads to musculoskeletal overuse injuries. The prescription of a foot orthosis (FO) is common to manage musculoskeletal impairments during physical activity or functional tasks. Although FOs are frequently prescribed by clinicians for symptomatic populations of runners, the existing literature supporting the prescription of FOs in runners has predominantly focused on either uninjured individuals or a mix of uninjured and symptomatic populations. Thus, the effects of FOs on the treatment and/or prevention of overuse running injuries need to be investigated to guide future research and assist clinicians in their decision-making process.

Main body

This scoping review aimed to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of FOs on lower limb biomechanics, neuromuscular parameters, and pain and disability in symptomatic runners, and to identify factors that may influence the effects of FOs. Five databases (CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched, resulting in 2536 studies. A total of 30 studies, published between 1992 and 2023 (730 symptomatic runners), were included following the removal of duplicates and the screening process. Wearing FOs while running is related to an immediate and a long-term decrease in pain and symptoms of overuse running injuries. Also, wearing FOs while running decreases eversion at the foot/ankle complex, leads to a more lateral plantar pressure at the heel and forefoot, and may change running motor control strategies. Finally, the effectiveness of FOs is influenced by its added features.

Conclusions

This study provides recommendations for future research such as the need for standardized methods in describing FOs, considering participant characteristics such as foot morphology, and comparing different types of FOs. Also, this scoping review provides valuable insights for guiding the prescription and design of FOs, and suggests that integrating FOs into a comprehensive treatment plan may yield better results than standalone first-line treatments. Nonetheless, this scoping review highlights the need for future research to explore the optimal integration of FOs into injury-specific treatment plans.
Timing of total joint arthroplasty post-COVID-19: an evaluation of the optimal window to minimize perioperative risks
Authors: Hoang Henry , Gabriel Beshoy , Lung Brandon , Yang Steven , Chan Justin P. ,   the N3C Consortium
Published: October 2024

Background

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are commonly performed orthopedic procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 status on postoperative complications and mortality in patients undergoing THA and TKA.

Methods

A total of 110,186 underwent either THA or TKA. Patients were grouped based on their COVID-19 status, gathered from the National COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative (N3C) in the 12 weeks preceding surgery and compared for various variables, including age, sex, BMI, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. COVID-19 status was defined as a positive test result that was closest to the date of surgery regardless of testing positive previously. Postoperative complications such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), sepsis, surgical site infection, bleeding, acute kidney injury (AKI), 30-day, and 1-year all-cause mortality were examined. To compare the variables, an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated with a significant level set at P < 0.05. Logistic regression using R programming was utilized for these calculations.

Results

Univariate analysis was performed and rates of VTE (1.02% vs. 3.35%), 30-day mortality (0.25% vs. less than 5%), and 1-year mortality (1.42% vs. 5.43%) were higher in the COVID-19-positive group for THA patients (P < 0.001). For TKA patients, only 30-day mortality was significantly higher in the COVID-19-positive group (P = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a positive COVID-19 diagnosis within two weeks of surgery and a CCI score > 3 were significant predictors of postoperative complications and mortality for both TKA and THA.

Conclusions

Patients with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis within 12 weeks of THA or TKA carried a significantly higher risk for postoperative complications and mortality. In addition, a CCI score > 3 is also a significant risk factor. These findings emphasize the importance of vigilant preoperative screening and risk stratification in the era of COVID-19.
Safety and efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors and effect on coronary plaque phenotype in statin-treated patients following acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hakim Dennis Ievan , Qhabibi Faqrizal Ria , Yusuf Muhammad , Amar Nasim , Prasetya Indra , Ambari Ade Meidian
Published: October 2024

Background

Acute coronary syndrome continues to be a significant cardiovascular issue. Statins are commonly acknowledged as medications that reduce LDL-C levels and stabilize plaques. Nevertheless, their efficacy is limited. Presently, PCSK9 inhibitors are suggested to be advantageous in patients who are already receiving statin treatment. The study seeks to assess the safety and effectiveness of PCSK9 inhibitors in individuals who have been treated with statins after experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as well as investigate the impact on the characteristics of coronary plaque.

Methods

Articles were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest. Our analysis comprised trials and observational studies that compared the plaque phenotype, lipid profile, and safety outcomes between PCSK9 inhibitors and a control group in patients with acute coronary syndrome who were already being treated with statins. The random-effect model was used to measure the pooled effect, which was presented in terms of mean difference, standardized mean difference, and risk ratio.

Results

Acquired 12 studies that fulfilled our criteria. The addition of PCSK9 inhibitors ameliorates the plaque phenotype significantly in terms of percent atheroma volume (P = 0.02), total atheroma volume (P < 0.010), fibrous cap thickness (P < 0.00001), lipid arc (P < 0.00001), quantitative flow ratio (P = 0.003), and diameter of stenosis (P = 0.0003) but not in lipid/lesion length (P = 0.17). The administration of PCSK9 inhibitors led to a considerable improvement in all lipid profiles (P < 0.00001). Regarding safety analysis, there is no substantial disparity in the likelihood of non-serious side events (RR 1.21; P = 0.2), however, a significant reduction in the risk of serious adverse effects (RR 0.77; P = 0.04) in the PCSK9 inhibitor group.

Conclusions

The addition of PCSK9 inhibitors compared to statin-only treatment led to a majority of patients experiencing significant benefits in terms of safety and efficacy following ACS.
Hierarchical structuring of psychopathological dimensions in youth: current progress and future steps with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Cirovic Nikola , Knez Rajna
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, it has become clear that psychopathology exists on continuous spectra organized hierarchically from broad, general symptom dimensions to more specific ones. This structure is best represented by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework that incorporates individual signs, symptoms, and behaviors at its most specific level while encompassing higher-order dimensions at its broadest level. This commentary gives an overview of studies that evaluated higher-order dimensions of psychopathology and their alignment with the HiTOP framework. Studies consistently support the alignment of youth psychopathology with the HiTOP framework, particularly its general dimension of psychopathology and the broad internalizing and externalizing spectrum. The model also identifies distinct, lower-level dimensions such as fear, affectivity, antagonism, and attention problems. This hierarchical structure is evident across the entire age span but with specific makeup of dimensions appearing to differ between children and adolescents. Rapidly gaining momentum, current evidence indicates HiTOP’s effectiveness in conceptualizing youth mental health. Future studies should focus on exploring the HiTOP structure across different ages and populations, testing its real-world generalizability, selecting the most appropriate assessment tools, and understanding how the framework applies to youth from diverse societies and cultures.
Speckle tracking of left ventricle in pediatric patients with hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): case–control study
Authors: Baz Ahmed Mahrous Kamal , El-Agamy Osama Abd El-Fattah , Eldegwi Marwa , Agha Hala Mounir
Published: October 2024

Background

Left ventricle (LV) volume overload is observed with hemodynamically significant PDA as it causes left to right shunting, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow. This overload causes LV remodeling as LV increases stroke volume in trial for compensation, but in larger shunts, patients may develop symptoms of congestive heart failure. Two-dimensional (2D) speckle-tracking echocardiography has emerged as a technique for objective and quantitative evaluation of global and regional myocardial function, independent of the angle of myocardial insonation.

Aim of the work

This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular function by 2-dimensional speckle tracking in children with hemodynamically significant PDA.

Methods

This prospective controlled study was performed on 54 children divided into two groups (34 as cases and 20 as controls) to compare echocardiographic measurements. Conventional Echocardiography, tissue Doppler, and Speckle tracking were done for all patients, and measurements were compared.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference (p value < 0.001) in global longitudinal strain (GLS) in the PDA group indicating a decrease in LV function in PDA patients. This difference was observed in several conventional echocardiographic parameters but not in tissue Doppler in our study.

Conclusion

Left ventricle global strain is an important predictor of the myocardial performance index of the Left ventricle in patients with hemodynamically significant PDA and outweighs other conventional echocardiographic parameters and tissue Doppler indices.
Effect of modified constraint-induced movement therapy along with bimanual massed practice on upper extremity functions in tetraplegics: a pilot study
Authors: Chakraverty Sneha , Walia Shefali
Published: October 2024

Background and objective

Constraint-induced movement therapy is a widely used rehabilitation program in the stroke population, but its application in spinal cord injury is limited. The objective of the study is to determine the feasibility of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) in incomplete tetraplegia exhibiting upper limb weakness and activities of daily living (ADLs) difficulty.

Method

This is a quasi-experimental one-group pilot study, consisting of 12 subjects diagnosed with incomplete tetraplegia. They received 2-h sessions of modified constraint-induced movement therapy of the weaker hand along with a 1-h session of bimanual massed practice, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Apart from this, they were asked to do 3 h of constrained-induced movement therapy daily 5 days a week for 3 weeks at their home as a part of a home exercise program. Box and block test (BBT) and Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM-III) were taken as the primary measure, and manual function test (MFT) and capabilities for upper extremity (CUE) were used as secondary measures to access hand functions and ADLs. Subjects were examined during pre-intervention and post-intervention.

Results

After 3 weeks of intervention, the mean change of the score for the trained hand showed significant changes in the scores of the box and block test (p = 0.03), manual function test (p = 0.02), SCIM-III (p = 0.03), and CUE (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

This preliminary study revealed that modified CIMT may be a feasible and effective alternative for hand rehabilitation in incomplete tetraplegia.
Subjective and functional outcome measures to evaluate performance of pediatric cochlear implant
Authors: Bakr Amira Mohamed , Elattar Amal Mohamad , Said Eman Abdel Fattah , Mohamed Hanan A. , Aly Maha Abdelgaber A.
Published: October 2024

Background

The majority of research on the effects of cochlear implants has been on clinical evaluations of efficacy (hearing and speech skills and auditory thresholds). But it is unclear how much clinical efficacy metrics (speech, hearing, and language tests) actually demonstrate how beneficial cochlear implants (CI) are in everyday circumstances. In this study, we aim to assess the performance of a child’s current CI with both subjective and functional outcomes measures. Also, we aimed to assess factors affecting these outcomes after CI.

Methods

The study group included 45 cochlear-implanted children, and their chronological age ranges between 4 and 12 years. Children were divided according to their language age into three groups: group 1 (G1) includes15 children with a language age of less than 2 years, group 2 (G2) includes 15 children with a language age of 2 to less than 4 years, and group 3 (G3) includes 15 children with language age 4 to 6 years. Assessment was done in two sessions: one for phoniatric evaluation and another for audiological evaluation.

Results

CI enabled children to develop speech perception in a closed manner evidenced by the early speech perception (ESP) test with pattern perception being the easiest and monosyllabic words being the most difficult and the least to develop. Most children with CI were able to control their voice, to a lesser extent to use speech in meaningful use in social situations and to develop communication strategies in oral situations which were the least to develop, and this was evident by Meaningful Use of Speech Scale. Children with CI were able to acquire language, and their receptive language was better than expressive language, but their language age was below their chronological age.

Conclusion

The cochlear implant is an effective rehabilitative tool for the treatment of prelingually deafened children, and this was evident by our results. A hierarchal approach of speech assessment according to the language age of the child and selection of age-appropriate speech perception test is very important to assess cochlear-implanted children Speech recognition had a high degree of variability. Early implantation age and increased duration of implant experience were the most important factors associated with good performance with CI, better speech perception, and better language outcomes.
British contributions to the therapeutic use of John Cade's lithium
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Bell Erica
Published: October 2024

Coinciding with the 75th anniversary of John Cade's seminal publication that first reported lithium's antimanic efficacy, we briefly recount the salient findings of the historic paper and draw attention to the important psychiatric research in Britain that reinforced its findings and the critical British opinions that likely impeded its clinical use.
Differential effects of lifetime stressors on major depressive disorder severity: a longitudinal community-based cohort study
Authors: Su Yingying , Li Muzi , Caron Jean , Li Daqi , Meng Xiangfei
Published: October 2024

Background

Stressors across the lifespan are associated with the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) and increased severity of depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear how lifetime stressors are related to specific MDD subtypes. The present study aims to examine the relationships between MDD subtypes and stressors experienced across the lifespan while considering potential confounders.

Methods

Data analyzed were from the Zone d’Épidémiologie Psychiatrique du Sud-Ouest de Montréal (N = 1351). Lifetime stressors included childhood maltreatment, child–parent bonding, and stressful life events. Person-centered analyses were used to identify the clusters/profiles of the studied variables and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between stressors and identified MDD subtypes. Intersectional analysis was applied to further examine how distal stressors interact with proximal stressors to impact the development of MDD subtypes.

Results

There was a significant association between proximal stressors and melancholic depression, whereas severe atypical depression and moderate depression were only associated with some domains of stressful life events. Additionally, those with severe atypical depression and melancholic depression were more likely to be exposed to distal stressors such as childhood maltreatment. The combinations of distal and proximal stressors predicted a greater risk of all MDD subtypes except for moderate atypical depression.

Conclusions

MDD was characterized into four subtypes based on depressive symptoms and severity. Different stressor profiles were linked with various MDD subtypes. More specific interventions and clinical management are called to provide precision treatment for MDD patients with unique stressor profiles and MDD subtypes.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Genetic Susceptibility, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Risk
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Zhou Chun , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , He Panpan , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Gan Xiaoqin , Qin Xianhui
Published: October 2024

Context

The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) with incident abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains uncertain.

Objective

To investigate whether serum 25(OH)D, genetic polymorphisms of VDR and VDBP, genetic susceptibility to AAA, and the interactions among these factors influence the risk of incident AAA.

Methods

This retrospective UK Biobank cohort study included 447 529 participants without a diagnosis of prevalent aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection at baseline. Association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and incident AAA was assessed.

Results

During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 2042 participants developed incident AAA. A significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and incident AAA was observed (per SD increment, hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96), which was particularly pronounced in older individuals and those without diabetes (both P for interaction < .05). Compared to participants with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L, those with serum 25(OH)D between 25 and < 50 nmol/L and those with < 25 nmol/L exhibited a significant higher risk of incident AAA. In the 371 621 participants with genetics assessment, individuals carrying AA alleles of ApaI single nucleotide polymorphism had significantly increased risk of incident AAA compared to those carrying CC alleles (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.32). The inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and incident AAA was stronger in individuals with intermediate or high genetic risk for AAA (P for interaction = .048).

Conclusion

There was a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and AAA incidence, particularly among individuals with higher genetic risk for AAA, older age, and without diabetics.
Association Between Radius Axial Low-Frequency Ultrasound Velocity and Bone Fragility in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Pepe Jessica , Colangelo Luciano , Diacinti Daniele , Angelozzi Maurizio , Melone Velia , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Occhiuto Marco , Santori Rachele , Minisola Salvatore , Cipriani Cristiana
Published: October 2024

Context

Radius quantitative ultrasound measurement utilizing portable low-frequency (VLF) axial transmission ultrasound for assessing properties of radius cortical bone revealed a possible role as a screening tool prior to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate fragility fracture in some studies.

Objective

To evaluate this portable ultrasound device as a screening tool of skeletal fragility in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Methods

We enrolled 117 postmenopausal women with PHPT. Every subject had a DXA of femur, lumbar spine, nondominant distal one-third radius section, trabecular bone score (TBS) measurement, VLF with a portable device, and spine x-ray.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 68 ± 10 years. The measurement of agreement between radius DXA and VLF was: K = 0.43, P < .001. A lower radius ultrasound T-score, also adjusted for years since menopause and body mass index, was associated with DXA-identified osteoporosis at lumbar and/or femoral neck sites: odds ratio (OR) = 1.852 (CI 1.08, 3.18). All fractures were associated with femoral neck T-score: OR = 1.89 (95% CI 1.24, 2.89), as well as with total hip T-score: OR = 1.65 (95% CI 1.09, 2.50), and years since menopause: OR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.02, 1.54).

Morphometric vertebral fractures were associated with years since menopause: OR = 1.28 (95% CI 1.02, 1.61), femoral neck T-score OR = 1.96 (95% CI 1.227, 3.135), total hip T-score OR = 1.64 (95% CI 1.04, 2.60), TBS OR = 0.779 (95% CI 0.60-0.99), both ultradistal radius T-score: OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.05, 2.156), and radius ultrasound T-score: OR = 1.67 (95% CI 1.09, 2.56).

Conclusion

VLF could be used for screening purposes prior to DXA to evaluate PHPT fracture risk, only in conditions in which DXA measurement cannot be performed.
In Vivo Contribution of Cyp24a1 Promoter Vitamin D Response Elements
Authors: Meyer Mark B , Lee Seong Min , Towne Jordan M , Cichanski Shannon R , Kaufmann Martin , Jones Glenville , Pike J Wesley
Published: October 2024

CYP24A1 is a multifunctional, P450 mitochondrial enzyme that catabolizes the vitamin D hormone (calcitriol, 1,25(OH)2D3), its precursor (calcifediol, 25(OH)D3), and numerous vitamin D metabolites. In the kidney, Cyp24a1 is induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and potently suppressed by PTH to control the circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. Cyp24a1 is controlled by a pair of promoter proximal (PRO) vitamin D response elements (VDREs) that are aided by distal, downstream (DS) enhancers. The downstream 1 region of Cyp24a1 (DS1) enhancer is kidney-specific and responsible for PTH and FGF23 actions, and the downstream 2 region of Cyp24a1 enhancer responds to 1,25(OH)2D3 in all tissues. Despite this knowledge, in vivo contributions of the PRO VDREs to basal expression, FGF23 activation, and PTH suppression of Cyp24a1 remain unknown. In this study, we selectively mutated the PRO VDREs in the mouse to address these questions. We found mutation of the VDREs leads to a dramatic loss of VDR occupancy, a reduction of 1,25(OH)D3-induced kidney Cyp24a1 expression, and near elimination of intestinal Cyp24a1 induction. FGF23 induction of Cyp24a1 was reduced but not eliminated and still showed a synergistic increase with 1,25(OH)2D3. PTH suppression of Cyp24a1 was unchanged, despite minor reductions in total for phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein occupancy. Finally, VDR recruitment was dramatically reduced across the DS enhancers in the Cyp24a1 locus. Taken together, our data suggest a cooperative relationship between the DS and PRO enhancers in the regulation of Cyp24a1 by 1,25(OH)2D3 and FGF23 and points to the DS1 region as a crucial basal switch for Cyp24a1 activity that further defines the interconnected genomic control in vitamin D catabolism.
Anesthetic Techniques and Cancer Outcomes: What Is the Current Evidence?
Authors: Ramly Mohd S. , Buggy Donal J.
Published: October 2024

It is almost 2 decades since it was first hypothesized that anesthesia technique might modulate cancer biology and thus potentially influence patients’ long-term outcomes after cancer surgery. Since then, research efforts have been directed towards elucidating the potential pharmacological and physiological basis for the effects of anesthetic and perioperative interventions on cancer cell biology. In this review, we summarize current laboratory and clinical data. Taken together, preclinical studies suggest some biologic plausibility that cancer cell function could be influenced. However, available clinical evidence suggests a neutral effect. Observational studies examining cancer outcomes after surgery of curative intent for many cancer types under a variety of anesthetic techniques have reported conflicting results, but warranting prospective randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Given the large patient numbers and long follow-up times required for adequate power, relatively few such RCTs have been completed to date. With the sole exception of peritumoral lidocaine infiltration in breast cancer surgery, these RCTs have indicated a neutral effect of anesthetic technique on long-term oncologic outcomes. Therefore, unless there are significant new findings from a few ongoing trials, future investigation of how perioperative agents interact with tumor genes that influence metastatic potential may be justified. In addition, building multidisciplinary collaboration to optimize perioperative care of cancer patients will be important.
Risk of Acute Complications with Rocuronium versus Cisatracurium in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Georgakis Nikolas A. , DeShazo Sterling J. , Gomez Jonathon I. , Kinsky Michael P. , Arango Daniel
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) play an integral role in modern anesthesia by facilitating endotracheal tube placement, assisting with mechanical ventilation, and creating optimal surgical conditions. However, NMBAs can have deleterious side effects. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze acute complications of 2 pharmacodynamically similar but pharmacokinetically different NMBAs and their respective reversal agents.

METHODS:

The global research network database, TriNetX, was used to evaluate deidentified patient information from 63 health care organizations. Cohort A was defined as patients aged 18 to 80 years who had chronic kidney disease (CKD) and were administered rocuronium with sugammadex. Cohort B was defined as patients aged 18 to 80 years who had CKD and were administered cisatracurium with neostigmine. Cohorts were propensity matched for age at event, ethnicity, race, sex, and relevant confounding pathologies. All outcomes besides mortality were analyzed from the same day to 1 week after administration of the indexed drug. Mortality was analyzed from the same day to thirty days after administration of the indexed drug.

RESULTS:

A total of 95,740 patients with CKD-administered rocuronium with sugammadex were matched with 10,708 patients with CKD-administered cisatracurium with neostigmine. Patients administered rocuronium with sugammadex had a significantly higher associated risk of respiratory failure (risk ratios [RR], 1.98, confidence interval [CI], 1.71–2.29, P < .0001), acute respiratory distress (RR, 2.70, CI, 1.31–5.58, P = .0052), hypertensive crisis (RR, 1.85, CI, 1.37–2.49, P < .0001), heart failure (RR, 1.14, CI, 1.06–1.23, P = .0004), pleural effusion (RR, 1.30, CI, 1.14–1.49, P < .0001), and 30-day mortality (RR, 1.31, CI, 1.10–1.56, P = .0021).

CONCLUSIONS:

From 2003 to 2023, patients who were administered rocuronium plus sugammadex were at a significantly higher risk for acute cardiovascular and pulmonary complications when compared to patients who were administered cisatracurium plus neostigmine.
A comparative analysis of the amount of fluoride release, recharge and re-release after uptake in three light-cure orthodontic bonding adhesives – An in-vitro study
Authors: Panda Akankshya , Singla Ritesh , Singla Nishu , Natarajan Madhumitha
Published: October 2024

Background Fluoride-releasing adhesives in orthodontics help protect enamel. The study compared the fluoride release, recharge, and re-release properties of three light-cure orthodontic bonding adhesives: Group A: TransbondTM Plus Color Change, Group B: Waldent Orthobond LC, and Group C: Koden EZ Bond. Methods The study conducted an in-vitro investigation using 24 maxillary first premolar teeth bonded with one of three fluoride-releasing adhesives after etching. Each sample was placed in artificial saliva, and fluoride release was measured over 60 days using a fluoride electrode. After initial release measurement, specimens were soaked in 1000 ppm fluoride solution for 5 minutes, rinsed, and placed in new containers with distilled water before re-release measurements. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA tests were used to determine significance, with the Bonferroni posthoc test for further analysis. Results The fluoride release rate decreased gradually over time for all three groups. The highest fluoride release occurred on Day 1 for all three bonding agents, with a significantly reduced fluoride release by Day 2. Group A exhibited consistent and highest overall fluoride release throughout the 60 days. Group B gradually declined to release fluoride until Day 7, releasing the least fluoride throughout the study. Group C had a higher fluoride release on Day 1 and Day 2 but slowly declined until Day 14. Group B and Group C sharply declined fluoride release by Day 30 and almost negligible amounts on Day 60. All three agents noted enhanced fluoride release post-recharge, with continuous release until day 14. Greater release on days 7 and 14 compared to the initial release in all three groups. Conclusion Transbond Plus Color Change: Consistent high fluoride was released initially and post-recharge. Waldent Orthobond LC: Lower release throughout the study. Koden EZ Bond: High initial release and post-recharge but continuing to decrease until Day 14.
Case Report: Spontaneous cornual Pregnancy at 7 Weeks: A Gynecological challenge
Authors: Cheikh Mohamed Chayma , Korbi Asma , Belghaieb Ichrak , Ennaceur Farouk , Barouni Rihab , Khayati Wassim , Ben Khalifa Marouen , Haddedi Houssem , Faleh Raja
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Importance Cornual pregnancy (CP) is a rare and dangerous type of ectopic pregnancy, occurring in 2% to 4% of cases. Due to its atypical location in the uterine horn, it poses a high risk for severe complications, such as rupture of the uterus, and life-threatening bleeding, particularly when diagnosis is delayed. Case Presentation We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient presenting with severe pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding, with 12 weeks of amenorrhea. Clinical evaluation revealed elevated β-HCG levels and transvaginal ultrasound showed a 7-week unruptured right cornual pregnancy. Surgical management involved a mini-laparotomy, which confirmed the diagnosis and a cornuostomy along with a right salpingectomy was performed. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, and follow-up confirmed complete recovery. Clinical Discussion Cornual pregnancies, though rare, carry a significant risk of serious complications and maternal death due to delayed diagnosis. Risk factors encompass a history of miscarriage, elective abortion, sexually transmitted infections, and smoking, all contributing to abnormal implantation. Early diagnosis is challenging but crucial, with ultrasound being key for detection. Management depends on gestational age, patient stability, and future reproductive plans, with methotrexate or surgical intervention being standard options. Conclusion Cornual pregnancy, despite its rarity, demands prompt and accurate diagnosis to prevent catastrophic outcomes. This case underscores the need for individualized treatment strategies and highlights the importance of early intervention. Ongoing research is vital to improving diagnostic approaches and therapeutic outcomes.
Theory and practice of integrated planning
Authors: Kel'chevskaya Natal'ya , Pelymskaya Irina , Chernenko Il'ya
Published: October 2024

The textbook examines the current state of the theory and methodology of planning in conditions of high uncertainty of the external environment. Much attention is paid to the issues of tactical and operational resource planning of companies based on ERP systems of the modern generation.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of economic specialties of higher educational institutions studying in the fields of 38.03.01 "Economics", 38.03.02 "Management" and 38.04.01 "Economics", as well as a wide range of readers interested in practical and theoretical problems of strategic and operational planning, analysis and forecasting.
R-linguistics
Authors: Polyakov Oleg
Published: October 2024

The monograph contains the axiomatic theoretical foundations of the work of intelligence, including artificial intelligence. Access to understanding the workings of intelligence is possible either through behavior analysis or through language. Here an attempt is made to mathematically combine both approaches and on this basis explain some phenomena of thinking and language, starting from a special kind of world model underlying the behavior of cognizing consciousness (artificial or natural). It also allows us to show how tasks traditionally considered to be tasks of artificial intelligence arise, to determine their properties and ways of solving them.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of technical universities and faculties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in artificial intelligence.
Early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rapcun M.
Published: October 2024

A clinical case of a typical course of high-activity rheumatoid arthritis is presented, the disease was diagnosed by an outpatient therapist at an early stage, and positive dynamics in response to standard basic methotrexate therapy is shown.
Psychosocial learning environments: EFL learners’ voices during a pandemic
Authors: Demir Bora , Walker Scott L.
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate university students’ psychosocial apperceptions between face-to-face and emergency remote learning environments they experienced in the same academic term during the 2019-nCoV (coronavirus) pandemic of 2020. Utilizing a mixed methods study design, our investigation involved quantitative data collection with the DELES-TR instrument, followed by online focus group interviews with questions derived from the survey results to gain a deeper understanding of students’ perspectives of both educational environments. English as a Foreign Language students (N=687) from Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey participated in the study. The results indicated that students preferred the face-to-face environment over emergency remote learning due to difficulty in communication with instructors and peers and requiring students to take an active, responsible, and accountable role in their own learning in the remote learning environment.
Conditions for teaching English to young learners: Indonesian teachers’ perspectives
Authors: Meisani Diah Royani
Published: October 2024

English teachers’ beliefs are one of the captivating topics to study as they contribute the quantity of input for reflection and the enhancement of English teaching and learning. This case study aims at investigating the teachers’ beliefs about the role of exposure, motivation, and practice in English class in elementary school and how they translate their beliefs into routine instructional actions. Semi-structure interviews and classroom observations were conducted to collect the data involving three English teachers at a selected private elementary school in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The findings show that all of the participants were aware that the role of exposure was essential in learning a foreign language, motivation was a vital factor to achieve the objective of the learning and practice was a central part of proficiency development, and consistent with this, a great deal of effort has been conducted to provide exposure to English, to motivate students, and to create opportunities for students to use English. Hence, the results of the study are expected to give a worthy contribution to teachers of English as a second language, especially at elementary schools and other researchers dealing with exposure, motivation, and practice in learning English.
The Contribution of Inservice Teacher Education Program (PPG) on Teachers' Professionalism
Authors: Basikin Basikin
Published: October 2024

Teacher professional development (TPD) programs have been considered an inportant aspect in teacher development and quality improvement. They are believed to be able to improve teachers’ knowledge and skills which in turn improve students’ learning and improvement. This study examined the contribution of a TPD program for English teachers, PPG in Indonesia on the teacher professionalism, particularly their beliefs about good English teaching, knowledge and skills in English teaching, and practices in the classrom teaching. Data were collected through a close-ended survey, observation, and reflectice interviews with online-inservice PPG techear alumni. Findings suggested that although teacher participants reported that PPG contributed to changes in their beliefs about better English teaching and knowledge and skills in teaching English, such chnages were not reflected in their teaching practices. Such findings implied an improvement of the PPG program structure to include support provided toi teachers when they implement the knowledge and skills in the classrooms.
Developing ESP learning materials for airport ground handling services students: A needs analysis
Authors: Olivia Azhar Herida Panji , Masyi’ah Anita Nur
Published: October 2024

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the communicative competence of students preparing for careers. In order to develop the ESP learning materials for ground handling students, this study focuses on the needs analysis. The needs analysis will capture two aspects: 1) The participants’ perspectives on the development of ESP learning materials 2) the use of the English language by the airport ground handling crews. A mixed-method design was employed, incorporating surveys and interviews. The 397 participants involved students, instructors, and airport ground crews. Descriptive statistics were used to unveil the trends in the findings, and simultaneously, data reduction, data display, and drawing verification were used to delve into the participants perspectives. The validity and reliability of the survey questionnaire were tested, and member checking was used to justify the credibility of the qualitative findings. The findings provide valuable input for the development of ESP learning materials that are contextually relevant and aligned with the needs of airport ground handling services students.
The impacts of the global pandemic on online learning in Vietnam
Authors: Bao Dat
Published: October 2024

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has caused tremendous disruptions in the field of education, including in Vietnam. In response to the ongoing pandemic, online learning has emerged as the primary mode of education delivery, transforming the traditional learning landscape. This article reports a study that adopts a combination of reflection and text-based research. The project explores the impacts of the pandemic on online learning in the new normal within the Vietnamese education system. The work focuses mainly on learning motivation, student engagement, and digital competence. While the pandemic has led to increased acceptance and utilization of online learning platforms, it has also presented challenges, including issues of digital inequality and limited social interaction. Findings suggest that the Vietnamese education system needs to adapt to fully harness the potential of online learning in the new normal.
The implementation of Project-based Learning in higher education: Students and lecturers' perspectives
Authors: Riyanti Dwi
Published: October 2024

Project-based learning, which has been widely claimed to be helping students build skills needed in the 21st century, has been implemented in various teaching and learning contexts, including in higher education settings. This research was intended to explore how Project-based Learning (PBL) was implemented in a university setting from both students' and lecturers' perspectives in an Indonesian University. This qualitative research involved 17 students who participated in various projects while taking university courses and two lecturers who taught using PBL. The data were gathered from students' written reflections and lecturers' interviews. Teachers' semester plans were analyzed to triangulate the data. The obtained data were analyzed thematically based on emerging themes. The findings show that both students and lecturers consider PBL to be beneficial in strengthening the development of 21st century skills. In particular, the students consider PBL to offer them some benefits, such as improving their critical thinking skills, promoting creativity, fostering collaboration, and expanding their knowledge. Despite its usefulness, PBL has some constraints that are time-consuming and provoke tensions among group members as they have different ideas to work on the project. In contrast to the students' perspectives, the lecturers have slightly different views on PBL. The lecturers consider PBL as a good teaching approach, yet monitoring students' progress and assessing the product were two challenges, especially during the pandemic time.
Exploring the Modification Effect of Corporate Governance on the Relationship Between Good Governance and Logistics Performance
Authors: Banda Lloyd George , Yusufu Emmanuel George , Nyirenda Greenson Chimjinthi
Published: October 2024

Efficient logistics management fills the puzzle that ensures the survival and maintenance of an economic system and the growth of its international trade relations. Aligned to sustainable development goal 16, the present study is an essential inquiry of knowledge that empirically examines (1) the role of public governance on logistics industry performance in Sub-Saharan Africa and (2) whether this relationship improves with the moderation effect of good corporate governance. We constructed a panel sample of annual aggregated data for sub-Saharan African countries from 2007 to 2020. The dataset was analyzed in STATA 18 using a dynamic robust endogeneity one-step system generalized method of moments (SyGMM) that yielded both short- and long-run coefficients. Empirical findings revealed that public governance negatively affects the performance of the logistics industry in both the short and long run. However, the effect became desirably positive when moderated with corporate governance as it showed that a per cent improvement in the corporate-public governance nexus results in a 1.01% and 2.09% improvement in logistics industry performance in the short and long run, respectively. Thus, the paper offers policy implications concerning corporate governance such as raising ethical standards and enhancing honesty and transparency regarding resource allocation.
Analysis of gut microbiota in the Feces of Korean native black goat using 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: Kang Ho Chan , Myung Cheol Hyun , Kim Ji Yeong , Song Sang Hyun , Jeong Woo Cheol , Kim Seung Chang , Jin Dae Hyeok , Lim Hyun Tae
Published: October 2024

Despite the recent surge in consumer demand for native goats as an alternative meat source, driven by shifting perceptions of health foods, there is a notable lack of prior research on this livestock breed. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of native goat populations to enhance our understanding of the species and to provide fundamental data for improving productivity. Fecal samples collected from January to April 2024 were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the gut microbiota composition. The analysis revealed that the phyla Bacillota and Bacteroidota were the most abundant, playing key roles in fiber degradation and short-chain fatty acid production, which are crucial for the physiological and functional health of the animals. The gut microbiota composition was found to be similar to that of other ruminants. Interestingly, individuals with lower abundances of Bacillota and Bacteroidota showed relatively higher levels of Bacteroidales, suggesting that their digestive efficiency was not compromised. The gut microbiota of deceased animals also displayed a similar composition to that of healthy individuals, with no specific associations with particular diseases identified. The findings from this study provide foundational data on the gut microbiota of native goats, which could be further elaborated through additional research.