bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІМІТАЦІЙНОЇ МОДЕЛІ СИСТЕМИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕНЬ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Лобода О.М. , Худік Н.Д.
Published: January 2022

У статті показано, що процес стратегічного управління на невеликому підприємстві неформалізований та найчастіше протікає в знанні керівника підприємства на тлі потоку інших завдань. Доведено, що актуальним завданням є створення інформаційної системи прийняття управлінських рішень, яка на основі планування фінансового стану малого підприємства могла би підказати керівнику, як грамотно розпоряджатися фінансовими засобами. Розроблено новий підхід до вирішення проблеми створення механізмів та інструментів засобів для підтримки процесу прийняття інвестиційних рішень у малому бізнесі на основі процедури ситуаційного аналізу ринку як складної соціально-економічної системи в умовах невизначеності. Розглянуто імітаційну модель системи управління як найбільш важливий елемент системи підтримки прийняття рішень, що визначає ефективність рішення. Дослідження проводиться на основі інтеграції парадигми багатоагентних систем як моделі системи управління, які побудовані за допомогою індуктивних суджень агентів та інструментів нечіткого логічного висновку для обробки невизначеної інформації.
ПОБУДОВА КЛІЄНТООРІЄНТОВАНОСТІ ШЛЯХОМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ LEAN-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ
Authors: Пономаренко І.В. , Козачук А.С.
Published: January 2022

У статті досліджено актуальність застосування лін-технологій на виробництві, те, як ця концепція розвиває процеси всередині підприємства та яким чином впливає на остаточний результат, що отримує клієнт. Встановлено зв’язок між процесами виробництва та відділів, розташованих у межах офісу, а також показано, як це пов’язано зі становленням компанії на ринку. Розглянуто кроки та основні інструменти впровадження lean-менеджменту у різних сферах, а також наведено результати, які були досягнені компаніями, що вже звернулися до методики лін-мислення. Розкрито основні принципи та доцільність їх використання. Наведено характеристику 5S-системи в рамках lean-менеджменту, що дає змогу компаніям запровадити підходи раціоналізації робочого місця. Встановлено, що lean-концепція безпосередньо допомагає стати фірмі клієнтоорієнтованою за допомогою оптимізації процесів. Розкрито особливості запровадження підходів lean-менеджменту українськими компаніями в сучасних умовах.
Primer registro de la “mosca de la madera” 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑧𝑜𝑜𝑠 (Enderlein, 1931) (Diptera: Pantophthalmidae), para el estado de Morelos, México
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Burgos Solorio Armando , Burgos-Dueñas Oscar
Published: January 2022

Pantophthalmus zoos (Enderlein, 1931), is recorded for the first time in northern Morelos. The specimen was collected attracted to light in the vicinity of the university campus near the vicinity of a pine-oak forest in the northern part of the state of Morelos.
Presentación
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Silva Gutiérrez Blanca Noemí
Published: January 2022

¿Porqué una revista como PACTUM? En los últimos años, el mundo ha visto surgir un nuevo campo de investigación transdisciplinar para las ciencias sociales, encaminado al estudio de la paz, la violencia y sus distintas manifestaciones, los conflictos y la resolución de estos por medios alternativos y, alrededor de ellos, la transversalidad de la perspectiva de género. A su formación han contribuido numerosas universidades, centros de investigación especializados y organismos públicos autónomos que, en conjunto, han conformado una comunidad académica ávida de redes de colaboración y foros para discutir o difundir los hallazgos de sus pesquisas. A nivel nacional, ha comenzado a institucionalizarse la profesionalización y el análisis en las áreas mencionadas, a través de la impartición de posgrados especializados y la operación de órganos encargados de aplicar los métodos alternos, fomentar la cultura de la paz y velar por el respecto de los derechos humanos en toda su gama de diversidad.
Periodic report on cooperation activities
Authors: Keller David P.
Published: January 2022

This report provides an overview on the cooperation activities with relevant EU projects and other initiatives on negative emission technologies in the first phase of the OceanNETs project (01.07.2020 – 31.12.2021).
Palestine’s National Strategy to Put an End for Israeli Occupation (2005-2017)
Authors: Jaraar Muntasir Sameer Abu Alra’uf
Published: January 2022

The present study discusses the national strategies having been adopted by Palestinians to put an end to Israeli occupation. The study aims to show how Palestinians plan to establish their state and get rid of the occupation by using different strategies and policies. The study adopts historical research method to support authentic historical data about Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Such a method has helped researcher provide proper data that may help Palestinian political leaders understand the nature of conflict and this know how to deal with the issues of this conflict in the future. The study also adopts descriptive analytical research method to describe and analyze the data. The study finds that it is very vital for Palestinians to unite and to have one ‘unified’ national strategy in order for ‘popular resistance’ to work out. Besides, the study finds that Palestinian leaders and peace activists ought to create ties with Israeli and western activists in order to strongly activate ‘popular resistance’ against Israeli occupation. Furthermore, the study recommends that Palestinian leadership, factions, peace organizations and national institutes ought all adopt one ‘integrated strategy’ to confront Jewish influence.
Hacia la construcción de un mercado único digital de América latina: El Geo-bloqueo en Europa
Authors: Mayorga Cerpa Olga
Published: January 2022

El Internet es indiferente a las fronteras y como red transnacional es objeto de innumerables problemas jurídicos que afectan el mercado digital y la libertad de acceder a los contenidos y servicios en línea. Uno de los proyectos de la estrategia digital 2020 de la CEPAL es la creación de un mercado único digital en América latina, en este sentido, es indispensable adaptar el sistema jurídico de los países latinoamericanos a la era de la economía digital, para ello, se realizará un trabajo de Derecho comparado de la legislación europea en materia de bloqueo geográfico de los contenidos, bienes y servicios digitales. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo impulsar el desarrollo del Derecho digital e inmaterial, procurando que la doctrina jurídica de Colombia se convierta en uno de los pioneros en contrarrestar las formas de discriminación en línea e incentivar el desarrollo de un mercado digital en América latina.
El indicio: un problema epistemológico
Authors: Del Río Gonzalez Enrique , Luna Salas Fernando
Published: January 2022

Este artículo de carácter jurídico y de investigación, el cual se aborda desde una investigación cualitativa con revisión bibliográfica, tiene como objetivo primordial, describir y analizar los indicios como medios de prueba, desde un enfoque epistemológico y contemporáneo, rescatando su utilidad y existencia actual dentro de los procesos civiles y penales en Colombia.
Totem: Soa and Its Role in the Indigenous Peoples Lives of Negeri Hutumuri - Maluku
Authors: Matitaputty Jenny Koce
Published: January 2022

Soa is a combination of several genealogically territorial eyes of the house. Each Soa usually has a symbol in the form of Totem, which is the identity of each Soa. Soa is still maintained until now. Even every symbol or Totem is still present in implementing traditional ceremonies. This study aimed to discover Soa and its role based on Totem in Negeri Hutumuri, South Leitimur Sub-district, Ambon City. This research is qualitative. The data source was obtained by purposive sampling. The Soa heads and traditional elders were used as informants. Data collection techniques through interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The results of the study show: 1) Soa in the life of the people of Negeri Hutumuri consists of 5 Soa, namely Soa Pattihutung, Soa Mokihutung, Soa Tutupasar, Soa Lapaut, and Soa Puasel. 2) The role of each Soa is based on the Totem: 1. Soa Pattihutung, with the symbol of the Soa pigeon is role as an honest leader in leadership (King); 2. Soa Mokihutung symbolizes the Soa Mangole bird in charge of maintaining maritime security (Kewang sea/marine police). 3. Soa Tutupasar with the symbol of Soa, namely Soa-Soa, in charge of maintaining forest security (Kewang land/forest police). 4. Soa Lapaut, with the symbol of the Soa snake, is in charge of maintaining security and order (police/soldiers). 5. Soa Puasel, with the symbol of the Soa frog maintaining the cleanliness of water and art in the Negeri Hutumuri.
“La voz de nuestra generación”, mural develado en la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, en homenaje a brigadistas contra la COVID-19
Authors: Departamento de Formación y Actualización Académica
Published: January 2022

En el campus central de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), fue develado el mural “La voz de nuestra generación”, obra impulsada por la Federación de Estudiantes de la UAA (FEUAA) para rendir homenaje a los más de 900 brigadistas que han apoyado en la Jornada Nacional de Vacunación contra la COVID-19, tanto en la capital como en el resto de los municipios de Aguascalientes.
La revista DOCERE, una estrategia para fomentar las prácticas docentes de vanguardia
Authors: Departamento de Formación y Actualización Académica
Published: January 2022

La revista DOCERE es una publicación semestral de divulgación académica sobre la docencia en la educación superior y media superior. Nace en el año 2009, formando parte de las estrategias para la formación docente de los profesores de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Con el presente fascículo suman 25 ediciones a su colección. En este contexto, se analizan los contenidos de las 24 ediciones previas, a partir de sus ejes temáticos y secciones que la conforman, a fin de reconocer su contribución a las prácticas docentes de vanguardia. Se establece la importancia de este tipo de revisiones en fomento a la mejora de su calidad.
Types of Landslides along Lake Balaton, Hungary
Authors: Kápolnainé Nagy-Göde Fruzsina , Török Ákos
Published: January 2022

Landslides are often triggered by various mechanisms such as precipitation, increase in the groundwater table, surface load, etc. and are classified according to the geometry and intensity of the motion. This paper provides an inventory considering all these factors by interpreting landslide records and available maps of the lakeside banks of the largest lake in Central Europe, Lake Balaton. Landslides in these areas severely damaged roads and railway networks. These disasters are linked to the mass movements of hundreds of m3 in the past years. The study area, the coastal regions of the lake, is divided into three geographically and geologically different sections (Eastern Basin, North Coast, South Coast). The landslide forms and the proportion of various movements and their timing also differ in these areas: at the south coast, falls and toppling prevail, while in the eastern basin, slidings prevail. The leading cause of mass movements is soaking and human interventions in all areas. Continuous monitoring of these landslide-prone areas contributes to the prediction of sliding and help in the design of remediation actions.
The Imperatives of Financial Instruments to Addressing the Working Capital Challenges of Businesses in the Global Value Chains Trades: The New World Trading Currency
Authors: Adeshile Adedeji Richard
Published: January 2022

The study was carried out to examine the level of awareness on financial instruments and familiarization with any other financial instruments apart from the Letter of Credit (L/C) and Bank Guarantee (BG). Furthermore, it examined the impacts of COVID-19 on business working capital and the level of readiness of the business to take advantage of financial instruments when fully innovated and globally acceptable. The study used primary data obtained through experience, observation, and opinion sampling from thirty businesses in Nigeria with a digital market presence. Data were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method of measures of frequency. From the study, an average respondent is aware of financial instruments application for financing their business working capital. However, very few are familiar with other financial instruments apart from L/C and BG. Unarguably, COVID-19 has impacted business working capital and many respondents are willing to take advantage of financial instruments when fully innovated and globally acceptable based on the principle of good faith amongst all actors in the GVCs trades. The recommendations include the need to embrace the Global Registry of Financial Instruments (GRoFI) and encourage in-country and regional domestication by the Central Banks and Multilateral Development Banks. Furthermore, the global and national leaders may embrace the Multilateral Committee on Financial Instruments (MultiCoFI) to work out the fine details to innovate financial instruments facilitating trade for development.
The Impact of Organizational Change on Change Management in ICT sector in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Sataić Ivana
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has recorded rapid growth and development and is the driving force of the Croatian economy. At the same time, this sector is characterized by fast and dynamic changes which in the demanding business environment requires an immediate and adequate response, so the question of how organizational changes affect change management in ICT sector in the Republic of Croatia arises. To answer this question, empirical research was conducted. The research sample is structured according to data collected from 103 experts in Croatian ICT sector. It offers sufficient elements to establish a quality methodological framework to monitor the impact of organizational change on change management in this sector. This empirical research offered evidence on the possibility of using the ADKAR model of change management in analysis of need for change, implementation, and monitoring of the course of change in ICT organizations. The research results point to the conclusion that organizational change presented through ADKAR model has an impact on change management and is of key importance for ICT organizations. This paper contributes to a better understanding of organizational change and its significance for change management in Croatian ICT organizations.
Précis: Propelled: How Boredom, Frustration, and Anticipation Lead Us to the Good Life
Authors: Elpidorou Andreas
Published: January 2022

By synthesizing research from psychology, economics, and philosophy, Propelled criticizes notions of well-being that overly focus on positive emotions and experiences. Against a tradition that has condemned boredom and frustration to be emotional obstacles that hinder human flourishing, Propelled shows that to live a good life we must experience and react appropriately to both. In addition, it argues that we need to anticipate, wait for, and even long for future events. Boredom, frustration, and anticipation are not unpleasant accidents of our lives. Rather, they are vital psychological states that illuminate our desires and expectations, inform us of when we find ourselves stuck in unpleasant and unfulfilling situations, and motivate us to furnish our lives with meaning, interest, and value.
Emotional Depth, Ambivalence, and Affective Propulsion
Authors: Gallegos Francisco
Published: January 2022

Unpleasant emotions can be strongly “propulsive,” spurring us to make changes to our situation, perspective, values, and commitments. These changes are often positive, even crucial to our pursuit of the good life. But under what conditions are unpleasant emotions strongly propulsive? I argue that the source of affective propulsion should not be located in the mere unpleasantness of a given emotion, but, rather, in the emotional context in which the emotion arises. Drawing on Martin Heidegger’s comparative analysis of “shallow” and “deep” boredom, I claim that the propulsive quality of an emotion arises not from its intrinsic properties but from the ambivalence generated when two affective states simultaneously influence our sense-making activity in opposing ways.
Influence of breast milk probiotics on health of first semi-annual infants
Authors: Panova L. D. , Gurova Z. G. , Bogdanova R. Z. , Khammatshina A. R. , Panov P. V.
Published: January 2022

The results of a study of the effect of probiotic containing Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716, isolated from breast milk and used for the prevention of postpartum mastitis, on the health of infants in the first half of life, in particular, the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections, are presented. It was found that infants of the main group (234 patients), whose mothers received a probiotic for a month, based on lactobacilli Lc40, 3.2 times less likely to have acute respiratory infections and 8.0 times less often from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of various origins, compared with children (39 infants) fed unfortified milk (р < 0.05).
Activation of Capsicum annuum L. Defense System against Fusarium Wilt through Plant Activators and their Impact on Horticultural Attributes
Authors: Atiq Muhammad , Adil Sameen , Rajput Nasir A. , Sahi Shahbaz T. , Usman Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid , Chand Shahid A. , Nawaz Ahmad , Arif Asif M. , Akram Azeem , Shahbaz Hamza
Published: January 2022

Capsicum annuum L. member of family Solanaceae is an important vegetable crop throughout the world. Fusarium wilt of chilli caused by Fusarium oxysporoum f.sp. capsici, is a serious destructive disease, which reduces its yield and is a major threat to the economy. Plant activators play an important role to manage soil born disease. In current study, a pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in the research area of Plant Pathology Department, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Five plant activators K2HPO4, CaCl2, Benzoic acid, Salicylic acid and Alpha-Tocopherol were used to manage the Fusarium wilt of chilli. Soil drenching of each plant activator was applied at three different concentrations 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% after transplantation. Results showed that the minimum incidence of disease, maximum length of shoot, length of root was revealed by K2HPO4 at 0.75% concentration. While benzoic acid exhibit maximum shoot fresh weight, maximum shoot dry weight, fresh root weight and dry root weight at 0.75% concentration. Maximum fresh leaf weight showed by salicylic acid whereas maximum dry leaf weight exhibited by alpha-tocopherol at 0.75% concentration. It was concluded that K2HPO4 at 0.75% concentration is effective to manage Fusarium wiltof chilli that can be used to manage disease in future.
A Perspective on Common Scab (Streptomyces scabiei) Disease Management Strategies in Potato Crop
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Sandhu Jahanzaib , Alam Muhammad W. , Mehboob Saira
Published: January 2022

Potato common scab (CS), caused by Streptomyces scabiei, and is a major potato disease that causes deep pitted lesions on the surface of the tuber. The market value and quality of tubers with CS are reduced, resulting in significant economic losses to potato growers. Traditional control strategies such as irrigation and reduced soil pH help to reduce CS but are not efficient methods. Celest® 100 FS (Fludioxanil), Emesto® 24% FS (Penflufen) and Bio magic® (Bacillus subtilis) were tested on CS in this study. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the efficacy of these products under in vitro conditions at three different concentrations: 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. After 7 days, results showed that Bio Magic was the most effective at reducing the growth of Streptomyces scabiei, followed by Emesto 24 FS and Celest 100 FS at 300 ppm. The maximum inhibition percentage by Bio Magic was 45.05%, followed by Celest 100FS at 38.38% and Emesto 24FS at 31.47%. In greenhouse experiments, Celest 100FS treated potato tubers produced the highest yield of 2250g per pot (10" x 10" inch), followed by Bio Magic at 2000g, Emesto 24FS at 1850g, and the non-treated control at 1300g.The data indicated that Celest 100FS provided the best control of CS in greenhouse trials.
Penurunan Kecemasan Ibu dengan Mengikuti Kelas Ibu Hamil Prenatal Yoga
Authors: Nurfazriah Indah , Sakinah Innama
Published: January 2022

Permasalahan kematian ibu merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi oleh Kementerian Kesehatan. Kematian ibu banyak terjadi pada periode intranatal dan post natal. Hal ini dapat disebabkan salah satunya karena ketidaksiapan ibu dalam menghadapi proses persalinan sehingga informasi terkait kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas belum diketahui oleh ibu secara lengkap dan up to date. Informasi terkait kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas bisa didapatkan melalui kunjungan antenatal khususnya dalam pelaksanaan kelas ibu hamil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kecemasan ibu hamil trimester III dalam menghadapi persalinan sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti kelas ibu hamil dengan prenatal yoga di puskesmas Ciruas Kabupaten Serang tahun 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian Pre Eksperimen design one-group pre test dan post test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar kelompok usia 20-35 tahun yaitu 21 orang (70%), untuk paritas ibu terbanyak dari multigravida yaitu 20 orang (67%). Tingkat kecemasan ibu dalam menghadapi persalinan sebagian besar memiliki kecemasan sedang sebanyak 25 ibu hamil (83,3%), dan setelah mengikuti kelas ibu hamil dengan prenatal yoga tingkat kecemasan ibu sebagian besar memiliki kecemasan ringan yaitu 27 ibu hamil (90%). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kelas ibu hamil dengan prenatal yoga memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan angka kejadian kecemasan ibu hamil menghadap persalinan.
Hubungan Efikasi Diri terhadap Kepatuhan Perawatan Kaki Diabetes Melitus pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Susilawati Ela , Hesi Refi Prananing Putri , A Soerawidjaja Resna
Published: January 2022

Efikasi diri merupakan salah satu faktor pendorong dalam melakukan perilaku kepatuhan pengelolaan penyakit diabetes melitus dalam melakukan perawatan kaki untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi amputasi. Sementara itu, pada masa pandemi perhatian penderita diabetes melitus berfokus pada pecegahan covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara efikasi diri terhadap kepatuhan perawatan kaki penderita diabetes melitus. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sample yaitu 39 penderita diabetes melitus yang dipilih sesuai dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Foot Care Confidence Scale (FCCS) dan Notthingham Assesment of Functional Foot Care (NAFF). Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian efikasi diri responden menunjukkan baik 56,4%, dan kepatuhan perawatan kaki 76,9% dengan uji bivariat P-value 0,026. Efikasi diri memiliki hubungan terhadap kepatuhan perawatan kaki penderita diabetes melitus.
Estructura y composición de un ensamblaje de aves asociadas al río Maimón, República Dominicana
Authors: Almonte-Espinosa Hodali
Published: January 2022

Se analizó la composición y estructura de un ensamblaje de aves asociadas a cuatro localidades ubicadas en los márgenes del río Maimón: confluencia del río Maimón con río Yuna, carretera Maimón Piedra Blanca, Piedra Blanca y Los Plátanos. Se registró un total de 598 individuos pertenecientes a 51 especies y 28 familias de aves. La localidad de Maimón Piedra Blanca registró los valores más altos de diversidad usando el índice de Shannon (H ́= 3.36), igualmente fue la estación con mayor abundancia y riqueza: 217 individuos y 43 especies respectivamente. Por el contrario, la estación ubicada en Los Plátanos presentó la menor diversidad de acuerdo con el índice de Shannon (H ́= 2.92). Además, esta estación mostró la menor riqueza: 29 especies. Se registraron siete gremios y 15 categorías tróficas. Los carnívoros y omnívoros fueron los grupos más diversos y abundantes. Se registraron diferencias significativas en la abundancia relativa de aves por gremios tróficos y por área de estudio (X² = 43.32, df = 18, p = ≤ 0.01). No se encontró diferencia en la riqueza de especies por gremio trófico (X² = 6.67, df = 18, p = 0.99). El número de categorías tróficas fue similar en las zonas evaluadas (X² = 39.34, d f= 42, p = 0.58). Se concluye que el ensamblaje de aves asociado al río Maimón se distribuye de forma equitativa. Además, tanto su composición como estructura están compuestas principalmente, por especies generalistas de hábitats y de amplia distribución. Finalmente, a pesar de que las áreas de estudio están muy fragmentadas, constituye un importante refugio para aves residentes y migratorias.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin D3 and Ultraviolet B Light on Growth Performance, Blood Serum Parameters, Gut Histology, and Welfare Indicators of Broilers
Authors: Ogbonna Amarachi Chijioke , Chaudhry Abdul Shakoor , Asher Lucy
Published: January 2022

Stressors are commonly encountered by all farmed species, including chickens, but the impact of these stressors on the animal and their productivity can be influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are kept. This study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin D3 (vitD3) and ultraviolet light (UVB) on growth performance, organ weight, serum corticosterone levels (CORT), serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D3) status, gut histology, and welfare indicators of broiler chickens challenged with social isolation stress. One day (d) old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 192) were individually weighed, wing-tagged, and allocated to non-isolated (control) and isolated groups; control birds were never isolated, while isolated birds were subjected to regular sessions of social isolation for about 15-min periods over the course of 3 d a week for 2 weeks starting from d 10 (1.30 h total exposure) with inter treatment interval of 48 h. Birds were treated with either dietary vitD3 at 4,000 IU/kg (HD) or UVB light (UVB). The UVB lamp (24 Watt 12% UVB D3, 55 cm) with wavelength: 280–315 nm, intensity; 28.12 μW/cm2 hung 50 cm above the substrate was used for the broilers in all the treatment groups but were filtered to remove UVB in the HD group. Growth performance measure; body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were estimated at the end of starter (day 10), grower (day 24), and finisher periods (day 38). Broilers were feather and gait scored to measure welfare at 22/35 and 24/37 days of age, respectively. The selected birds were weighed and euthanized to obtain serum to determine 25-OH-D3 and CORT levels, GIT weights, and gut histology. Subjecting the birds to 2-week social isolation (for 15 min, three times per week) increased CORT levels but did not alter GP and 25-OH-D3 levels of broilers. However, UVB-treated broilers demonstrated better welfare, duodenal absorptive capacity, and reduced FCR compared to HD chickens. Results suggest some beneficial effects of UVB lighting on welfare indicators and the potential to support early life growth of commercial broilers reared indoors, which are often challenged with stressors.
A Library of Aspergillus niger Chassis Strains for Morphology Engineering Connects Strain Fitness and Filamentous Growth With Submerged Macromorphology
Authors: Cairns Timothy C. , Zheng Xiaomei , Feurstein Claudia , Zheng Ping , Sun Jibin , Meyer Vera
Published: January 2022

Submerged fermentation using filamentous fungal cell factories is used to produce a diverse portfolio of useful molecules, including food, medicines, enzymes, and platform chemicals. Depending on strain background and abiotic culture conditions, different macromorphologies are formed during fermentation, ranging from dispersed hyphal fragments to approximately spherical pellets several millimetres in diameter. These macromorphologies are known to have a critical impact on product titres and rheological performance of the bioreactor. Pilot productivity screens in different macromorphological contexts is technically challenging, time consuming, and thus a significant limitation to achieving maximum product titres. To address this bottleneck, we developed a library of conditional expression mutants in the organic, protein, and secondary metabolite cell factory Aspergillus niger. Thirteen morphology-associated genes transcribed during fermentation were placed via CRISPR-Cas9 under control of a synthetic Tet-on gene switch. Quantitative analysis of submerged growth reveals that these strains have distinct and titratable macromorphologies for use as chassis during strain engineering programs. We also used this library as a tool to quantify how pellet formation is connected with strain fitness and filamentous growth. Using multiple linear regression modelling, we predict that pellet formation is dependent largely on strain fitness, whereas pellet Euclidian parameters depend on fitness and hyphal branching. Finally, we have shown that conditional expression of the putative kinase encoding gene pkh2 can decouple fitness, dry weight, pellet macromorphology, and culture heterogeneity. We hypothesize that further analysis of this gene product and the cell wall integrity pathway in which it is embedded will enable more precise engineering of A. niger macromorphology in future.
Role of the Built Environment in the Recovery From COVID-19: Evidence From a GIS-Based Natural Experiment on the City Blocks in Wuhan, China
Authors: Li Maosu , Peng Yi , Wu Yijie , Xu Jinying , Tan Tan , Guo Hui , Lu Weisheng , Yeh Anthony G. O. , Xue Fan
Published: January 2022

The built environment closely relates to the development of COVID-19 and post-disaster recovery. Nevertheless, few studies examine its impacts on the recovery stage and corresponding urban development strategies. This study examines the built environment’s role in Wuhan’s recovery at the city block level through a natural experiment. We first aggregated eight built environmental characteristics (BECs) of 192 city blocks from the perspectives of density, infrastructure supply, and socioeconomic environment; then, the BECs were associated with the recovery rates at the same city blocks, based on the public “COVID-19-free” reports of about 7,100 communities over the recovery stages. The results showed that three BECs, i.e., “number of nearby designated hospitals,” “green ratio,” and “housing price” had significant associations with Wuhan’s recovery when the strict control measures were implemented. At the first time of reporting, more significant associations were also found with “average building age,” “neighborhood facility development level,” and “facility management level.” In contrast, no associations were found for “controlled residential land-use intensity” and “plot ratio” throughout the stages. The findings from Wuhan’s recovery pinpointing evidence with implications in future smart and resilient urban development are as follows: the accessibility of hospitals should be comprehensive in general; and the average housing price of a city block can reflect its post-disaster recoverability compared to that of the other blocks.
Disruption of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor but Not EGF Blocks Follicle Activation in Zebrafish Ovary
Authors: Song Yanlong , Chen Weiting , Zhu Bo , Ge Wei
Published: January 2022

Folliculogenesis is controlled by intimate communications between oocytes and surrounding follicle cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF/Egf) is an important paracrine/autocrine factor in vertebrate ovary, and it is well known for its stimulation of oocyte maturation. However, the role of EGF signaling through its receptor (EGFR/Egfr) in ovarian folliculogenesis is poorly understood, especially at early stages of follicle development. In this study, we created zebrafish mutants for Egf (egf−/−) and Egfr (egfra−/− and egfrb−/−) by CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Surprisingly, these mutants all survived well with little abnormality in growth and development. Spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis were both normal in egf−/− males and females. Their fecundity was comparable to that of the wildtype fish at 4 months post-fertilization (mpf); however, the fertilization rate of mutant eggs (egf−/−) decreased significantly at 7 mpf. Interestingly, disruption of egfra (egfra−/−) led to failed follicle activation with folliculogenesis being blocked at primary–secondary growth transition (PG-SG transition), leading to female infertility, whereas the mutant males remained fertile. The mutant ovary (egfra−/−) showed abnormal expression of a substantial number of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, gene transcription, cytomembrane transport, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and immune response. The stunted PG oocytes in egfra−/− ovary eventually underwent degeneration after 6 months followed by sex reversal to males with functional testes. No abnormal phenotypes were found in the mutant of truncated form of EGFR (egfrb). In summary, our data revealed critical roles for EGFR signaling in early folliculogenesis, especially at the PG-SG transition or follicle activation.
p21-Activated Kinase 1 Promotes Breast Tumorigenesis via Phosphorylation and Activation of the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II
Authors: Saldivar-Cerón Héctor I. , Villamar-Cruz Olga , Wells Claire M. , Oguz Ibrahim , Spaggiari Federica , Chernoff Jonathan , Patiño-López Genaro , Huerta-Yepez Sara , Montecillo-Aguado Mayra , Rivera-Pazos Clara M. , Loza-Mejía Marco A. , Vivar-Sierra Alonso , Briseño-Díaz Paola , Zentella-Dehesa Alejandro , Leon-Del-Rio Alfonso , López-Saavedra Alejandro , Padierna-Mota Laura , Ibarra-Sánchez María de Jesús , Esparza-López José , Hernández-Rivas Rosaura , Arias-Romero Luis E.
Published: January 2022

p21-Activated kinase-1 (Pak1) is frequently overexpressed and/or amplified in human breast cancer and is necessary for transformation of mammary epithelial cells. Here, we show that Pak1 interacts with and phosphorylates the Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII), and that pharmacological inhibition or depletion of Pak1 leads to diminished activity of CaMKII. We found a strong correlation between Pak1 and CaMKII expression in human breast cancer samples, and combined inhibition of Pak1 and CaMKII with small-molecule inhibitors was synergistic and induced apoptosis more potently in Her2 positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Co-adminstration of Pak and CaMKII small-molecule inhibitors resulted in a dramatic reduction of proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in a 3D cell culture setting, as well as an impairment in migration and invasion of TNBC cells. Finally, mice bearing xenografts of TNBC cells showed a significant delay in tumor growth when treated with small-molecule inhibitors of Pak and CaMKII. These data delineate a signaling pathway from Pak1 to CaMKII that is required for efficient proliferation, migration and invasion of mammary epithelial cells, and suggest new therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.
Development, Diversity, and Neurogenic Capacity of Enteric Glia
Authors: Boesmans Werend , Nash Amelia , Tasnády Kinga R. , Yang Wendy , Stamp Lincon A. , Hao Marlene M.
Published: January 2022

Enteric glia are a fascinating population of cells. Initially identified in the gut wall as the “support” cells of the enteric nervous system, studies over the past 20 years have unveiled a vast array of functions carried out by enteric glia. They mediate enteric nervous system signalling and play a vital role in the local regulation of gut functions. Enteric glial cells interact with other gastrointestinal cell types such as those of the epithelium and immune system to preserve homeostasis, and are perceptive to luminal content. Their functional versatility and phenotypic heterogeneity are mirrored by an extensive level of plasticity, illustrated by their reactivity in conditions associated with enteric nervous system dysfunction and disease. As one of the hallmarks of their plasticity and extending their operative relationship with enteric neurons, enteric glia also display neurogenic potential. In this review, we focus on the development of enteric glial cells, and the mechanisms behind their heterogeneity in the adult gut. In addition, we discuss what is currently known about the role of enteric glia as neural precursors in the enteric nervous system.
Revisiting the Role of ß-Tubulin in Drosophila Development: β-tubulin60D is not an Essential Gene, and its Novel Pin1 Allele has a Tissue-Specific Dominant-Negative Impact
Authors: Krishnan Ramesh Kumar , Halachmi Naomi , Baskar Raju , Bakhrat Anna , Zarivach Raz , Salzberg Adi , Abdu Uri
Published: January 2022

Diversity in cytoskeleton organization and function may be achieved through alternative tubulin isotypes and by a variety of post-translational modifications. The Drosophila genome contains five different β-tubulin paralogs, which may play an isotype tissue-specific function in vivo. One of these genes, the β-tubulin60D gene, which is expressed in a tissue-specific manner, was found to be essential for fly viability and fertility. To further understand the role of the β-tubulin60D gene, we generated new β-tubulin60D null alleles (β-tubulin60DM) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that the homozygous flies were viable and fertile. Moreover, using a combination of genetic complementation tests, rescue experiments, and cell biology analyses, we identified Pin1, an unknown dominant mutant with bristle developmental defects, as a dominant-negative allele of β-tubulin60D. We also found a missense mutation in the Pin1 mutant that results in an amino acid replacement from the highly conserved glutamate at position 75 to lysine (E75K). Analyzing the ß-tubulin structure suggests that this E75K alteration destabilizes the alpha-helix structure and may also alter the GTP-Mg2+ complex binding capabilities. Our results revisited the credence that β-tubulin60D is required for fly viability and revealed for the first time in Drosophila, a novel dominant-negative function of missense β-tubulin60D mutation in bristle morphogenesis.
Evolution of Somite Compartmentalization: A View From Xenopus
Authors: Della Gaspera Bruno , Weill Laure , Chanoine Christophe
Published: January 2022

Somites are transitory metameric structures at the basis of the axial organization of vertebrate musculoskeletal system. During evolution, somites appear in the chordate phylum and compartmentalize mainly into the dermomyotome, the myotome, and the sclerotome in vertebrates. In this review, we summarized the existing literature about somite compartmentalization in Xenopus and compared it with other anamniote and amniote vertebrates. We also present and discuss a model that describes the evolutionary history of somite compartmentalization from ancestral chordates to amniote vertebrates. We propose that the ancestral organization of chordate somite, subdivided into a lateral compartment of multipotent somitic cells (MSCs) and a medial primitive myotome, evolves through two major transitions. From ancestral chordates to vertebrates, the cell potency of MSCs may have evolved and gave rise to all new vertebrate compartments, i.e., the dermomyome, its hypaxial region, and the sclerotome. From anamniote to amniote vertebrates, the lateral MSC territory may expand to the whole somite at the expense of primitive myotome and may probably facilitate sclerotome formation. We propose that successive modifications of the cell potency of some type of embryonic progenitors could be one of major processes of the vertebrate evolution.
Harmine Alleviated Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Modulating Macrophage Polarization via the STAT/MAPK/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Ruan Weibin , Ji Xinyun , Qin Yating , Zhang Xinxin , Wan Xiaoning , Zhu Chuanmeng , Lv Chao , Hu Chongqing , Zhou Juan , Lu Li , Guo Xiaomei
Published: January 2022

Sepsis is a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response that often leads to cardiac dysfunction, which is termed sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). Harmine, a natural β-carboline alkaloid compound, has been shown to exert pharmacological effects on several diseases. Here, we investigated whether harmine protected against SIC development and the underlying mechanisms. In vitro, the expression of the M1 phenotype markers iNOS and COX-2 was increased in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but this effect was reversed by the harmine intervention. Furthermore, LPS-induced increases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2 and TXB2, generated by macrophages were suppressed when the cells were pretreated with harmine. Meanwhile, our findings showed that harmine administration effectively attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in H9c2 cells in the proinflammatory environment produced by macrophages, as evidenced by reductions in NLRP3 and cleaved caspase 3 levels and the p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio. The western blot results indicated that the mechanisms underlying harmine-mediated inhibition of M1 polarization might be associated with suppression of STAT1/3, NF-κB and MAPK activation. Furthermore, an LPS injection induced cardiac dysfunction and decreased the survival rate of mice, which were alleviated by harmine treatment, and the relevant mechanism was possibly attributed to a drug-induced attenuation of the inflammatory and apoptotic processes in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these results implied that harmine treatment protected against SIC by suppressing M1 phenotypic polarization and inflammation in macrophages.
Oncogenic Roles of Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 7 (SNHG7) Long Noncoding RNA in Human Cancers and Potentials
Authors: Najafi Sajad , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Jamal Hazha Hadayat , Taheri Mohammad , Hallajnejad Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding transcripts characterized with more than 200 nucleotides of length. Unlike their names, some short open reading frames are recognized for them encoding small proteins. LncRNAs are found to play regulatory roles in essential cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. Therefore, an increasing number of lncRNAs are identified with dysregulation in a wide variety of human cancers. SNHG7 is an lncRNA with upregulation in cancer cells and tissues. It is frequently reported with potency of promoting malignant cell behaviors in vitro and in vivo. Like oncogenic/tumor suppressor lncRNAs, SNHG7 is found to exert its tumorigenic functions through interaction with other biological substances. These include sponging target miRNAs (various numbers are identified), regulation of several signaling pathways, transcription factors, and effector proteins. Importantly, clinical studies demonstrate association between high SNHG7 expression and clinicopathological features in cancerous patients, worse prognosis, and enhanced chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize recent studies in three eras of cell, animal, and human experiments to bold the prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potentials.
Primitive Erythropoiesis in the Mouse is Independent of DOT1L Methyltransferase Activity
Authors: Malcom Carrie A. , Ratri Anamika , Piasecka-Srader Joanna , Borosha Shaon , Chakravarthi V. Praveen , Alvarez Nehemiah S. , Vivian Jay L. , Fields Timothy A. , Karim Rumi M.A. , Fields Patrick E.
Published: January 2022

DOT1-like (DOT1L) histone methyltransferase is essential for mammalian erythropoiesis. Loss of DOT1L in knockout (Dot1l-KO) mouse embryos resulted in lethal anemia at midgestational age. The only recognized molecular function of DOT1L is its methylation of histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79). We generated a Dot1l methyltransferase mutant (Dot1l-MM) mouse model to determine the role of DOT1L methyltransferase activity in early embryonic hematopoiesis. Dot1l-MM embryos failed to survive beyond embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), similarly to Dot1l-KO mice. However, when examined at E10.5, Dot1l-MM embryos did not exhibit overt anemia like the Dot1l-KO. Vascularity and the presence of red blood cells in the Dot1l-MM yolk sacs as well as in the AGM region of Dot1l-MM embryos appeared to be similar to that of wildtype. In ex vivo cultures of yolk sac cells, Dot1l-MM primitive erythroblasts formed colonies comparable to those of the wildtype. Although ex vivo cultures of Dot1l-MM definitive erythroblasts formed relatively smaller colonies, inhibition of DOT1L methyltransferase activity in vivo by administration of EPZ-5676 minimally affected the erythropoiesis. Our results indicate that early embryonic erythropoiesis in mammals requires a DOT1L function that is independent of its intrinsic methyltransferase activity.
Prefoldin Function in Cellular Protein Homeostasis and Human Diseases
Authors: Tahmaz Ismail , Shahmoradi Ghahe Somayeh , Topf Ulrike
Published: January 2022

Cellular functions are largely performed by proteins. Defects in the production, folding, or removal of proteins from the cell lead to perturbations in cellular functions that can result in pathological conditions for the organism. In cells, molecular chaperones are part of a network of surveillance mechanisms that maintains a functional proteome. Chaperones are involved in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides and assist in refolding misfolded proteins and guiding proteins for degradation. The present review focuses on the molecular co-chaperone prefoldin. Its canonical function in eukaryotes involves the transfer of newly synthesized polypeptides of cytoskeletal proteins to the tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC/CCT) chaperonin which assists folding of the polypeptide chain in an energy-dependent manner. The canonical function of prefoldin is well established, but recent research suggests its broader function in the maintenance of protein homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Interestingly, non-canonical functions were identified for the prefoldin complex and also for its individual subunits. We discuss the latest findings on the prefoldin complex and its subunits in the regulation of transcription and proteasome-dependent protein degradation and its role in neurological diseases, cancer, viral infections and rare anomalies.
Septins From Protists to People
Authors: Shuman Brent , Momany Michelle
Published: January 2022

Septin GTPases form nonpolar heteropolymers that play important roles in cytokinesis and other cellular processes. The ability to form heteropolymers appears to be critical to many septin functions and to have been a major driver of the high conservation of many septin domains. Septins fall into five orthologous groups. Members of Groups 1–4 interact with each other to form heterooligomers and are known as the “core septins.” Representative core septins are present in all fungi and animals so far examined and show positional orthology with monomer location in the heteropolymer conserved within groups. In contrast, members of Group 5 are not part of canonical heteropolymers and appear to interact only transiently, if at all, with core septins. Group 5 septins have a spotty distribution, having been identified in specific fungi, ciliates, chlorophyte algae, and brown algae. In this review we compare the septins from nine well-studied model organisms that span the tree of life (Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Schistosoma mansoni, Caenorhabditis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans, Magnaporthe oryzae, Tetrahymena thermophila, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). We focus on classification, evolutionary relationships, conserved motifs, interfaces between monomers, and positional orthology within heteropolymers. Understanding the relationships of septins across kingdoms can give new insight into their functions.