bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maslach Burnout Inventory: Factor Structures for Pharmacists in Health Maintenance Organizations and Comparison with Normative Data for USA Pharmacists
Authors: Gupchup Gireesh V. , Lively Buford T. , Holiday-Goodman Monica , Siganga Walter W. , Black Curtis D.
Published: August 2011

This study compared the factor structure and burnout scores obtained on the Maslach Burnout Inventory from 84 pharmacists in Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) with the normative data for USA pharmacists. Results provided empirical support for the reliability and validity of the inventory to measure burnout within the profession of pharmacy. Values of Cronbach coefficient alpha for subscales of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment were similar to those obtained with the normative sample. Factor analysis was conducted to yield the best three-factor solution. Derived factor loadings matched the three hypothesized subscales. On Personal Accomplishment the mean subscale score for HMO pharmacists was significantly higher than the normative score. Given limitations of the small sample, research is indicated to substantiate use of the inventory among HMO pharmacists.
MMPI-2 Negative Treatment Indicators Scale and Irregular Discharge
Authors: Munley Patrick H. , Busby Rebecca
Published: August 2011

A sample of 18 psychiatric inpatients who had completed the MMPI-2 and subsequently received an irregular discharge from inpatient treatment were compared on the MMPI-2 Negative Treatment Indicators scale (TRT) with a random sample of 18 inpatients who received a regular discharge from inpatient care. Analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups on the Negative Treatment Indicators scale. The two groups did differ in K scale elevation. The possible need to interpret the Negative Treatment Indicators scale in the context of K scale elevation is discussed.
Mental Health of Cancer Patients
Authors: Verma Kiran Bala , Asthana Madhu
Published: August 2011

To examine the mental health status of cancer patients, each of 50 cancer patients and 50 healthy normal adults of an age range of 32 to 65 years was given the Hindi version of the Mithila Mental Health Status Inventory of Kumar and Thakur. Analyses indicated that cancer patients scored higher than the control group on four of the five subscales showing poorer mental health than their normal peers.
A Contingency Study of the Relationship between Strategic Groups and Performance
Authors: Simerly R. L.
Published: August 2011

Summarized in this study is a demonstration in 162 firms that selected strategic types are related to specific performance objectives. The findings are consistent among strategy groups and between high and low performing firms. This supports an argument that research into the relationship between strategy and performance must consider the performance objectives of the strategy under consideration.
A Motivational Model for Understanding Moral Action and Moral Development
Authors: de Posada Cristina Villegas
Published: August 2011

The neglected topic of moral action and the explanations given for such actions, with their shortcomings, are discussed. To avoid these limitations a new model is offered which integrates personal and situational variables, wherein motivation for moral action is the result of the interaction among moral motives, expectations about costs/benefits, and expectations about outcomes for self-evaluation. The numerical values for these variables are defined and support for this model is given through a reanalysis of Kohlberg's stages and some data from other researchers.
Comparisons among Neo-Lurian Assessment Measures of Brain-Injured Adults
Authors: Sink Christopher A. , Harrington Douglas E.
Published: August 2011

The performances of 49 brain-injured community college students (41% women; M age = 34.0 yr., SD = 13.6) on two neo-Lurian assessment batteries were investigated. Pearson correlations among the 11 clinical subtests of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, Form I and 10 Planning, Attention, Simultaneous Processing, and Successive Processing (PASS) experimental tasks are reported. While the correlations were largely weak to moderate, a few interpretable trends in these relationships emerged. Over-all, the irregular and diffuse pattern of significant correlations may, in part, reflect the heterogeneity of the Luria-Nebraska battery's subscales. Implications for the cognitive assessment and remediation of patients with brain injuries are briefly discussed.
A Guided Bibliography of the Selective Mutism (Elective Mutism) Literature
Authors: Wright Harry H. , Holmes George R. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Leonhardt Tami V.
Published: August 2011

This guided bibliography of 122 articles on selective mutism covers nearly all of the English language publications on the topic. Index Medicus and Psychological Abstracts were the major source documents for the citations.
Did Freud Mislead Patients to Confabulate Memories of Abuse?
Authors: Powell Russell A. , Boer Douglas P.
Published: August 2011

Freud's abandonment of the seduction theory within a year of first proposing it has been the subject of considerable recent debate and speculation. Closer examination of Freud's writings, however, shows that he had often used highly suggestive procedures to elicit the memories of childhood “seductions” from his patients. Moreover, he had not considered alternative explanations for the evidence he presented when first claiming that these recovered memories of sexual abuse were real. Nevertheless, some present-day authors have argued for the validity of recovered memories by presenting much the same type of evidence that Freud once did. Research is needed to assess the extent to which recovered memories can be clearly corroborated and to establish rules for distinguishing between real and false memories of abuse.
Women Retrospectively Identify and Weight the Emotional Events of Their Lives: Exploration of a Scaling Technique
Authors: Lee Robert E. , Brann Deanna
Published: August 2011

One failing of Likert-formatted rating scales is that they are ordinal scales. This limits the possible computations. To solve this problem 63 women participated in a methodological study in which Cantril's 1965 “ladder” technique was used to develop equal-interval scales with true zero points, referenced in the individuals' own experience. Each subject generated a list of life events corresponding to 9 rungs of a ladder, ranging from “no emotional arousal” to “the most moving event” in her life. This provided a scale for each subject which subsequently could be used to assess other events in her life, while allowing the full range of parametric statistics.
MCMI Profiles of Pretrial Defendants
Authors: McKee Geoffrey R. , Klohn Lisa Smith
Published: August 2011

Millon inventory scores for 135 registered patients screened for competency to stand trial raise concern about the clinical utility of the scale for pretrial forensic decisions.
Blocking in Pavlovian Conditioning: Effect of Prior Excitatory Conditioning to a Stimulus Extraneous to Compound Conditioning
Authors: DeVito Paul L. , Cashman Laurie , Petka Kimberly
Published: August 2011

The effect of prior excitatory conditioning to a stimulus not included in the compound conditioning phase of the typical blocking experiment was assessed in three CER studies. The first experiment, in which rat subjects received A +, C +, or a combination of A + /C + trials prior to AB + conditioning, showed that A + /C + or C + training produced as robust blocking as A + training relative to a control group with no prior conditioning. A second experiment which was designed to assess the role of background cues in mediating the blocking effect indicated that background cues were not responsible for the A + or C + effects, while a third experiment showed these same effects were not mediated by stimulus generalization. The findings of these experiments are interpreted in the context of pseudoconditioning-induced rehearsal of a US representation in short-term memory.
Manic-Depressive Tendencies and Acceptance of Self and Others
Authors: Andrews Lisa , Haas Darlene , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a study of 102 college students, both manic and depressive tendencies were associated with having more negative attitudes toward others.
Congruence between Parents' and Children's Three-Letter Holland Codes
Authors: Miller Mark J.
Published: August 2011

In this study the associations of three-letter Holland codes of 40 parents and their children (20 mothers and daughters, 20 fathers and sons) were analyzed. Implications for school counselors, based on the results, are briefly discussed.
Religious Nonaffiliation in Relation to Suicide, Murder, Rape, and Illegitimacy
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: August 2011

A significant correlation for suicide rates in states with higher percentages of persons without religious affiliation was noted for 1990 census data; however, correlations were nonsignificant for murder, rape, and illegitimacy rates with religious nonaffiliation.
A Note on the Extension of J. M. Keynes' Decision Theory
Authors: Brady Michael Emmett
Published: August 2011

It is a simple and straightforward matter to adjust the weights used in Keynes' decision theory to model risk and ambiguity aversion also to model preference for risk and ambiguity. Once these modifications are made, Keynes' theory is complete, as it covers all possible cases.
Measuring Continued Attachment to Parents: The Continued Attachment Scale—Parent Version
Authors: Berman William H. , Heiss Glen E. , Sperling Michael B.
Published: August 2011

Continued attachment to parents has correlated with measures of adjustment in both school and peer situations at least through the transition to college. The measurement of parental attachment has relied primarily on self-reports of the quality of the parental relationship in terms of support, encouragement, autonomy, and dependency. Bowlby's original theory and research relied more on reactions to separation, which Berman called “attachment distress” in adults. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Continued Attachment Scale—Parent version which measures cognitive and emotional responses to the perceived separation from parents. Data from 216 college students were collected on the scale as well as several scales selected to evaluate convergent and construct validities. The scale showed good reliability. Scores were highly correlated with attachment scale scores that measure support, encouragement, and closeness. Correlations with measures of emotional state and personality differed for men and women but generally suggested that the scale assesses a distinct domain of experience related to continued closeness to parents and to depression.
On the Prediction of Aggressive Behavior from the Rorschach
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

Research on predicting aggressive or hostile behavior from the Rorschach was reviewed. This overview suggested that the propensity for acting aggressively or in a hostile manner seemed less related to the quantity or quality of aggressive content than to indicators of impoverished control, e.g., CF + C > FC, F + % < 70, what some Rorschachers refer to as ‘ego control.’ However, methodological issues in the research on content which could have compromised these results were also discussed as was the kind of research still needed.
Time Pressure, Type a Syndrome, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Hui Chun , Organ Dennis W. , Crooker Karen
Published: August 2011

Time pressure was manipulated in a laboratory task for 77 undergraduate subjects, who also responded to a measure of Type A syndrome. Afterwards, an occasion for organizational citizenship behavior was presented in the form of participation in a survey. Type A scores were unrelated to those on any measure of organizational citizenship behavior; time pressure acted to depress especially the quality of organizational citizenship behavior.
Applying Social Cognition in Assessing Reliability with a Small Sample
Authors: Brown Scott W. , Brown Mary M.
Published: August 2011

An issue for researchers studying special or selected populations is how to obtain reliability estimates on instruments. In our 1993 study assessing the attitudes of intubated patients using a social cognition technique, the internal reliability estimate was 0.83. This study replicated and extended this finding and included items requesting subjects to estimate their ability to imagine the simulated intubation process. For 130 undergraduates alpha was 0.83. Most subjects reported they were able to imagine the situation and respond to the items accordingly. These results confirm the reliability and may have implications for estimating reliability of other scales which cannot be easily tested on large samples. While present estimates cannot be generalized, the procedure may provide useful feedback to researchers.
The 1989–90 Migration of Kashmiri Pandits: Focus on Children
Authors: Tikoo Minakshi
Published: August 2011

Analysis of personal interviews from a sample of 42 Kashmiri Pandit families living in large community halls indicated the migration affected the intra- and interfamily interactions. In trying to keep their ethnic identity, they also had to adapt to their new environment. For the Kashmiri Pandits the sense of being uprooted was felt very strongly as there was a complete change in ecology and loss of status, property, and prestige. The community had taken over the role of socialization. The younger children (4–11 years) expressed enjoyment of communal living more than the older group (12–18 years). Children reported being closer to their mothers. Incidence of child abuse was reported as higher since migration. Girls disliked camp living more than boys. Most of the children were performing above average at school. Children preferred to speak in their native language at home.
Neuroticism and Negative Affect Measures as Predictors of Psychological Distress
Authors: McLennan Jim , Buchanan Janice I. , Bates Glen W.
Published: August 2011

In a year-long study, 106 students (78 women and 28 men, mean age 29 yr.) completed both a self-report Neuroticism and Extroversion inventory and a self-report positive and negative affect checklist at the beginning of an academic year. At the end of the academic year, prior to final examinations, they completed a self-rating scale for depression. The Neuroticism score was the only significant independent predictor of students' end-of-year levels of psychological distress.
Finding Agreement among Women on Gender Issues
Authors: Jensen Larry , Christiansen Robert
Published: August 2011

This study was done to identify areas of agreement on gender issues. The sample of 161 students attended California State University at San Luis Obispo and 27 nonuniversity students were friends. Among university students, 112 were women, 49 were men. A questionnaire asked respondents to indicate agreement on the issues of equal opportunity, sex differences, tactics of social change, education, protectionism, sexuality, family, and sexual standards for women. Agreement was high among different groups, men and women, students and nonstudents, old and young women, and denominational affiliations. The results were discussed in terms of building feminist theory and evaluating social policy on areas of agreement as depicted in this sample.
Deployment of Ageing Clergy within the Church of England
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Lankshear David W.
Published: August 2011

A new study of 3,510 Church of England clergy indicates that older clergy are more likely to be appointed to rural and multiparish benefices in spite of a tendency for older clergy to be less effective in this situation.
Gender and Age Differences in the Drinking Behaviors of University Students
Authors: Svenson Lawrence W. , Jarvis George K. , Campbell Robert L.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 457 university students were queried concerning their use of alcohol. The majority (90%) of students reported drinking at least once over the past year, with men drinking more often. Age differences were noted, with older students ( Mdn = 32.0 yr. vs 19.0 yr.) more likely to report drinking 4 to 6 times per week. Women generally had healthier attitudes concerning alcohol consumption, e.g., more likely to try to prevent a friend from driving after drinking, pay for use of a taxi, or have a designated driver. Men were more likely to indicate that it is socially acceptable to be intoxicated occasionally and also that most drinkers do not suffer health problems as a result of their drinking. The present study indicates a need to educate university students about the effects of alcohol with a particular emphasis needed for male students.
Morally Puzzled Individuals in a Morally Puzzled Community: Resisting Israeli Soldiers during War in Lebanon and the Intifada
Authors: Linn R.
Published: August 2011

The particularity of the phenomenon of selective conscientious objection to given war objectives or conduct in the war requires an inquiry beyond individual moral character. This paper follows Walzer's 1970 suggestion that objection on moral ground is not solely the product of an individual's moral thinking but rather a function of the character of the community as well as the relations between them. The paper focuses on the experience of 48 selective conscientious objectors throughout the first four years of the Palestinian uprising in the occupied territories. Their experience is compared with that of the selective refusers during the war in Lebanon. Special attention is given to the moral atmosphere in which these actions have been taken and the contextual factors associated with their decision to refuse.
A Preliminary Study of Opening-up Meditation, College Adjustment, and Self-Actualization
Authors: Tloczynski Joseph
Published: August 2011

The effects of opening-up meditation on college adjustment and self-actualization were examined with 45 subjects who were divided into groups for opening-up meditation, relaxation, and control using scores on the Anxiety Scale of the College Adjustment Scales. Subjects also completed the Personal Orientation Inventory. 1 hr. of training for the meditation and relaxation groups was given and 20 min./day practice requested. After 2 and 4 wk. anxiety and family problem scores significantly increased for the meditation group as did scores on the Feeling Reactivity Scale. Analysis was compromised by high dropout (leaving 3, 4, and 3 subjects, respectively, in the meditation, relaxation, and control groups).
Depressed Mood and Early Memories: Some Negative Findings
Authors: Robbins Paul R. , Tanck Roland H.
Published: August 2011

The study concerns the relation of scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and reports of memories for (a) the first three years of life and (b) ages 4 to 6 for a sample of 208 university undergraduates. While there was a tendency for the entire sample to characterize early memories as pleasant as opposed to unpleasant, no correlation was found between Beck scores and the tendency to characterize early memories as unpleasant.
Sex Difference in Psychological Reactance Amongst Korean Residents in Australia
Authors: Hong Sung-Mook , Langovski Natasha
Published: August 2011

Mean scores on the Korean version of the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale from 60 Korean residents in Australia showed no significant difference between men and women.
Case Study of a Conduct-Disordered Youngster: Building Ego Defenses and Improving Object Relations within a Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Seltzer Jared D. , Atlas Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2011

The classification of Conduct Disorder, sometimes seen as a nonspecific designation descriptive of antisocial behavior, is illuminated through case study of a youngster admitted for acute hospital treatment. Drawing on psychodynamic theory and treatment, principles are used in illustrating how individual, historical, family, and trauma factors may contribute to disordered self-esteem and behavior, which may become a focus of therapeutic intervention. A concluding section delineates the possibility of two varieties of Conduct Disorder related, respectively, to trauma or failures in socialization. These may have implications for treatment and setting.
DeCato's “Aggressiveness Revisited: A Comment on Frank's ‘On the Prediction of Aggressive Behavior from the Rorschach’”: A Reply to a Reply
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

Comments clarify the intent of the 1994 paper and confirm that aggressive behavior must be predicted from a larger base than Rorschach data alone.
Three-Item Locus of Control Scale for Crime Victimization
Authors: Houts Sandra S. , Kassab Cathy D.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this research is to contribute evidence regarding the construct validity of a three-item locus-of-control measure specific to crime victimization. The scale was used to determine whether specific populations were more likely than others to agree with one of the orientations to control suggested by Levenson, these being internal, powerful others, and chance. The latter two dimensions represent distinct types of external orientations. The analysis was based on results from a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample of 666 residents, aged 18 years or older, of a midwestern city. Logistic regression using continuation logits yielded results consistent in general with expectations derived from the literature, but several interaction effects involving demographic and crime-specific variables were apparent.
Organizational Level as a Moderator of the Relationship between Perceived Political Climate and Employees' Work Attitudes
Authors: Orpen Christopher
Published: August 2011

119 employees of a financial services firm performing a variety of jobs completed measures of perceived political climate, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Their status or level in the firm was rated by the firm's personnel manager. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that employees' level or status moderated the relationships between political climate and both commitment and satisfaction, with high status employees being less adversely affected than their low status peers in both cases, as predicted.
Constructing the Self-Ideal: A Note on Spence and Helmreich's Personality Attributes Questionnaire
Authors: Rechtien John G.
Published: August 2011

On the first and last days of the semester, 28 literature students (8 men, 20 women) rated themselves according to Spence and Helmreich's 1978 Personality Attributes Questionnaire. As expected, no significant differences between men and women appeared in comparisons of the scores of the dualistic Instrumental (Masculine or M) and Expressive (Feminine or F) traits from the first and second administrations. However, the combined scores of men and women for the bipolar M-F traits showed a significant difference between their initial responses and their second responses to the M-F traits. Further, men had significantly higher mean scores than did women for the first and second administrations. The mean scores on the second administration suggest that men had reinforced their initial stereotypical self-image of themselves, while women had appropriated manifestations of dominance in their self-ideal.
Relations of Retired People and Their Grandchildren
Authors: Kalliopuska Mirja
Published: August 2011

79 retired persons in the third-age university were asked about their relationships with their grandchildren and relationships in general. The ages of the 63 women and 16 men ranged from 54 to 82 years ( M of 66 years); 62% were married, 28% divorced or widowed, 61% lived with spouse, 34% lived alone, 4% with their adult children, and only one person in an old-age home. The average number of grandchildren was three. Analysis showed relations with their grandchildren were judged as very good or good (91%). The grandparenting role was diverse: the grandparent gave a grandchild love or affection, care, shelter, life experience, moral values, company, closeness, trust, aid, and support. The grandchild benefitted from the relationship affectively, cognitively, and materially. The grandchild gave a grandparent joy, inspiration, tenderness and love, contentment, life attitudes, closeness and company, and hope and faith for the future.
Use of Nonsomatic Symptoms to Differentiate Clinically Depressed and Nondepressed Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Medical Illnesses
Authors: Clark David A. , Steer Robert A.
Published: August 2011

The differential sensitivity of the Depression subscale scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Cognitive-Affective subscale scores of the revised Beck Depression Inventory were compared for 21 chronic medically ill hospitalized patients with DSM-III—R unipolar depressive disorders and 54 hospitalized medically ill patients without a comorbid psychiatric disorder. Both subscales significantly differentiated these two types of patients beyond the .001 level and yielded comparable effect sizes. The Cognitive-Affective subscale detected clinical depression as well as a specialized self-report measure.
Sibling Spacing, Family Resources, and Children's Academic Performance
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: August 2011

This study examined relations between age spacing of adjacent siblings and measures of family interactional resources and children's academic performance. In the sample were 873 Australian 11-yr.-olds and their parents. After taking into account relations between family social status and outcome scores, the findings indicated that sibling spacing had significant associations with parents' aspirations and children's word performance.
Motives for Suicide in Suicide Notes from Completed and Attempted Suicides
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Suicide notes from 20 completed suicides contained the theme of anger directed inward more than did the suicide notes from 20 attempted suicides, even when using controls for the age and sex of the writers.
Need for Cognition: Exploratory Relationships with Sibship Structure and Cognitive Style
Authors: Claxton Reid P. , McIntyre Roger P.
Published: August 2011

Statistical evidence indicates that need for cognition scores may be linked to the number of male children in the family. Responses from 33 female and 46 male university students indicated that the independent variable of number of male children in the family was related to need for cognition scores. The number of female children was not related. The concept of cognitive style as related to Jungian psychological type theory is discussed as a partial explanation.
Children's Understanding of False Beliefs in Two Contexts
Authors: Olver Rose R. , Ratner Nancy K.
Published: August 2011

The present study explored the link between narrative and theory of mind by comparing 26 preschool-age children's understanding of false beliefs in standard theory-of-mind tasks and in the context of a folktale narrative. The central finding, that older children made more correct predictions of false beliefs in both contexts, was taken as support for the contention that the general change in understanding representation that underlies children's success on theory-of-mind tasks also permits comprehension of narrative. However, analysis of the justifications children gave for incorrect predictions also suggested that the narrative context may assist children's understanding of representation. Further research is recommended.
Anxiety States and Sustained Attention in a Cognitively Intact Elderly Sample: Preliminary Results
Authors: Rankin Eugene J. , Gilner Frank H. , Gfeller Jeffrey D. , Katz Barry M.
Published: August 2011

For elderly volunteers (10 high and 10 low on anxiety) scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Mini-Mental State Examination, and subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised suggested anxiety adversely affected sustained attention of these elderly persons, but may not be evident on verbal and figural memory tasks.
Escape Deficits Induced by a Biologically Relevant Stressor in the Slug (Umax Maximus)
Authors: Brown Gary E. , Davenport Debra A. , Howe Angela R.
Published: August 2011

For 7 consecutive days slugs ( Limax maximus) were exposed to escapable, inescapable, or no light-heat stress in an escape task. On Days 8 and 9 they were tested in a different escape task. The slugs in the inescapable light-heat group had reliably longer escape latencies and more failures to escape than the slugs in the escapable light-heat group or the no light-heat control group.
Drop-in Chapel Attendance: An Informal Look
Authors: Trinkaus John
Published: August 2011

It is reported that about 40% of the people in the United States attend scheduled weekly religious services. An informal inquiry of attendance at other than scheduled services implies that religious devotion may well be lower than that percentage suggests.
Making Behavioral Change the Outcome Measure in Research on Violence
Authors: Justice Blair
Published: August 2011

While changes in scores on anger and aggression as measured on psychological tests may result from violence prevention programs in prisons and schools, they do not demonstrate what effect, if any, there is on rates of violent behavior. A shift toward behavior as the primary outcome measure is called for.
Relation of Adult Supervision to Academic and Social Development of Fifth and Sixth Graders
Authors: Smith Trish , Rotatori Anthony F.
Published: August 2011

There were no significant differences between 54 supervised and 52 nonsupervised (latchkey) fifth and sixth graders on measures of academic achievement and social development.
White-Black and White-Hispanic Differences on Fluid and Crystallized Abilities by Age across the 11- to 94-Year Range
Authors: Kaufman James C. , McLean James E. , Kaufman Alan S. , Kaufman Nadeen L.
Published: August 2011

Standardization data for the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) were used to examine white-black and white-Hispanic differences on the Horn-Cattell crystallized and fluid constructs at several age groups across the broad 11- to 94-year span. Samples included 1,547 white, 241 black, and 140 Hispanic persons. Multivariate analyses with educational attainment covaried yielded only one significant finding: the white-black difference on the Crystallized Famous Faces subtest became smaller with increasing age.
Who Has Accurate Knowledge about Suicide? a Study of Americans, Turks, and Filipinos
Authors: Lester David , Içli Tülin , Castromayor Iris
Published: August 2011

Scores on depression and locus of control, age, and gender were not related to possessing accurate information about suicide in samples from three nations ( ns = 165, 100, and 147).
Psychotherapy and Symptom Change
Authors: Porter James , Wilson Charles , Frisch G. Ron
Published: August 2011

Scores of 82 distressed university students receiving psychotherapy were compared on the SCL-90—R with those of 21 distressed students waiting for treatment and those of 126 nondistressed normative students. The Posttreatment group showed significant reductions in scores indicating distress, with 36 Posttreatment men reporting lower scores on hostility and suspiciousness than their 60 normative peers.
Relationships of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire to Mood and Personality Measures for Depressed Patients
Authors: Mulder R. T. , Joyce P. R.
Published: August 2011

The relationships of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire dimensions to mood and to the Eysenck personality dimensions and Barratt's impulsivity scores are presented. Some aspects of temperament appear to be mood related, but most are not. Correlations with the other personality measures were largely as predicted. However, Exploratory Excitability correlated negatively with Harm Avoidance rather than with Novelty Seeking. Factor analysis supported this relationship. Reward Dependence was weakly represented by the other personality measures and may be tapping unique behaviours.
Self-Esteem, Body-Image and Weight in Noneating-Disordered Women
Authors: McAllister Renee , Caltabiano Marie Louise
Published: August 2011

The self-esteem of 69 women attending weight-loss centres was examined in relation to attitudes towards body and weight, actual weight, number of diets undergone and weight fluctuations. Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem. Attitudes towards the body and weight were assessed using Freedman's Body-Love Questionnaire. The Body Mass Index was used as a weight-range classification for the women. Body image was assessed using the silhouette chart of Bell, Kirkpatrick, and Rinn. Women with stable weight had the highest self-esteem. The number of diets undertaken was associated with lowered self-esteem. High scores on evaluation of appearance were positively correlated with scores on self-esteem. No association was found between self-esteem and either eating restraint or significant others' attitudes. There was good agreement between the women's perceptions of their own bodies and independent raters' perceptions indicating a lack of body-image distortion for this noneating-disordered group.
Paranormal Belief and Proneness to Dissociation
Authors: Irwin Harvey J.
Published: August 2011

The study investigated the relationship between scores on paranormal belief and proneness to dissociation in a sample of 100 Australian students of psychology. Scores on dissociation were positively correlated with those on global paranormal belief and with belief in psi, precognition, spiritualism, and extraordinary life-forms. It is suggested that in some instances paranormal beliefs may be a component of a complex defensive framework constructed in the face of the perceived uncontrollability of life.
Individuality Revisited
Authors: Gottesfeld Harry , Burke Elizabeth
Published: August 2011

The individuality scores of 33 students tested 5 years earlier, in responding to a self-concept test, Who Are You, remained stable over the 5-yr. period.
Curriculum-Based Measurement of At-Risk Students' Reading Skills: A Preliminary Investigation of Bias
Authors: Knoff Howard M. , Dean Kimberly Robinson
Published: August 2011

This study was a preliminary investigation of gender, socioeconomic status, and racial bias in curriculum-based measurement reading probes using students from an inner city, Chapter 1 elementary school. The reading probes involved brief 1-min. reading samples of middle-of-grade reading passages from Grade 1 through 4 as drawn from the reading texts used in the participating students' own classrooms. Analysis indicated that, except for socioeconomic status and gender differences in Grade 1, there were no gender, socioeconomic status, or racial biases across the four grades assessed. These results were discussed in the context of research on bias.
Parental Response to Their Child's Hearing Impairment
Authors: Brand Handré J. , Coetzer Marie A.
Published: August 2011

The differential patterns of behaviour of hearing parents (30 married couples) who cope with the reality of parenting a hearing-impaired child were studied. Responses on the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress indicated no significant differences between mothers and fathers for pessimism, child characteristics, and physical incapacitation. Mothers obtained a significantly higher stress-response on their perception of difficulties for themselves, other family members, and the family as a whole. Parents with more education reported less stress than those with less education. Mothers perceived the emotional support they received from their spouses as insufficient and the amount of free time they had for themselves as inadequate.
Comment on Procedures in Washington State for Selection of Students for Chapter 1 Programs
Authors: Trevisan Michael S. , Hunt Walter
Published: August 2011

For two years, Chapter 1 coordinators in the state of Washington periodically attended workshops and received other technical assistance concerning the use of multiple measures for selecting students into the Chapter 1 program. A survey was sent to all coordinators in the state to assess current selection practices after the two-year effort to give technical assistance. Analysis showed that most districts now incorporate multiple measures, presumably facilitated by technical assistance.
Cognitive Complexity and Conformity: Effects on Performance in a Turbulent Environment
Authors: McGill Andrew R. , Johnson Michael D. , Bantel Karen A.
Published: August 2011

A study exploring the effects of cognitive complexity and conformity on managers' adaptive performance in a turbulent environment is reported. Traditionally treated separately, complexity and conformity were examined jointly for 8 top managers of 6 different business units in the consumer banking industry. The results support an over-all positive effect of cognitive complexity on performance. Importantly, this effect is directly and also indirectly mediated by a lack of conformity. These results point out the criticality of hiring and promoting business-unit-level managers with high cognitive complexity and low conformity to achieve adaptive performance. They also suggest that business-unit-level managers who lack these characteristics are better suited to more stable environments.
The Settlement of the “Target” Case and its Aftermath
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: August 2011

The specifics of the settlement in the Soroka vs Dayton-Hudson and some possible projected consequences are discussed.
Differential Predictive Power of the Positively versus the Negatively Worded Items of the Life Orientation Test
Authors: Lai Julian C. L.
Published: August 2011

A self-report measure of dispositional optimism, the Life Orientation Test, was administered to a group of 202 Hong Kong undergraduates. Consistent with prior findings, factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution with all positively worded items loaded on the first factor and all the negatively worded items loaded on the second. Prediction of physical symptom reports from scores on the two subscales was then tested with 85 subjects randomly selected from the original sample. Only the complete test and the subscale defined by the positively phrased items predicted symptom levels concurrently as well as prospectively over 3 wk. The negative subscale suggested by previous research as tapping pessimism rather than dispositional optimism showed no significant correlation with symptom levels. Moreover, when scores of the positive rather than the negative subscale were controlled, the significant correlation between scores on the Life Orientation Test and symptom reports was eliminated. These findings suggested a multidimensional view of the test and that the positive subscale may be sufficient to measure optimism validly. Implications of these for the personality dimensions of positive versus negative affectivity are also discussed.
Attitudes toward Homosexual Behavior: Effects of Veteran Status
Authors: Matthews Michael D. , Harger Bruce S. , Weaver Charles N.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the attitudes toward homosexual behavior of veterans of United States military service and nonveterans. Using a nationwide survey as the database, 1,293 veterans did not differ from 2,330 nonveterans in approval of homosexual behavior, as over 74% of each group expressed disapproval.
Anger, Curiosity, and Optimism
Authors: Comunian A. L.
Published: August 2011

We examined with 500 Italian subjects the relationship between the subscales of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and a measure of the sense of well-being, the Life Orientation Test. As predicted, associations were not significant with scores on the scale of optimism; however, all coefficients were negative and the smallest ones were with the Anger Control scale. We also correlated scores on state and trait curiosity with those on 3 anger-expression scales; values indicated these dimensions were also unrelated to anger. The results indicate that, while anger has been proposed as an important component in the association of emotions with health, the specific type of anger expression may not be critical for one's sense of well-being. They also suggest that the construct of curiosity deserves further study as a potential measure of one's sense of well-being.
Are Schizophrenic Symptoms Different in Patients with Higher Education?
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , Landmark Johan , Helmes Edward
Published: August 2011

Ratings of 87 symptoms on a Canadian sample of 108 DSM-III schizophrenics (41 men, 67 women) were unrelated (point biserial coefficients) to their education. The only exceptions to this trend were weak correlations with ratings of apathy, insight, and of premorbid adjustment. Patients with higher education were less frequently labelled as apathetic ( r = .28) or as lacking insight ( r = .26) and their premorbid adjustment was better ( r = .25). None of the symptoms traditionally considered as markers specific for schizophrenia was significantly related to education.
Symptom Correlates and Factor Structure of the Health Professions Stress Inventory
Authors: Eells Tracy D. , Lacefield Patricia , Maxey Jack
Published: August 2011

Generalizability, psychological symptom correlates, and the factor structure of the Health Professions Stress Inventory were assessed with a sample of 92 geriatric nurses. The inventory was designed to measure the sources and frequency of stress among nurses, physicians, and pharmacists; little is known, however, of the extent to which scores correlate with psychological symptoms or of the underlying dimensions of stress measured. Analyses showed high correspondence between responses of the geriatric nurses and the normative nurses as measured by mean values and Cronbach alpha. Factor analysis of the intercorrelations among items yielded 4 factors contributing to work-related stress, i.e., Lack of Perceived Enrichment Potential, Patient Care, Interpersonal Conflict, and Family Responsibility Conflict. Scores on the inventory correlated significantly with those of all SCL-90—R scales.
Daily and Weekly Smoking Habits: A Box-Jenkins Analysis
Authors: Rosel Jesús , Elósegui Eduardo
Published: August 2011

The objective of this research was to ascertain if there are different temporal patterns of smoking. The method of data collection was to use voluntary subject smokers who recorded their daily cigarette consumption for 84 days. Subjects had smoked more than 5 cigarettes per day throughout the previous year; 29 subjects kept accurate autorecords. The daily smoking data of each subject were analyzed via the time-series procedure ARIMA(p,d,q)(P,D,Q) S of Box and Jenkins. 15 subjects (52%) showed simple autoregressive smoking models for which smoking on any given day was a function of the number of cigarettes smoked on the previous day or days, but 13 subjects (45%) showed autoregressive models of weekly seasonality, i.e., the number of cigarettes smoked on any given day is a function of the number smoked on the same day of the previous week, and only 1 subject's data (3%) had unpredictable smoking patterns.
Toward a New Approach to Schizophrenic Psychosis
Authors: Morin Denis Charles
Published: August 2011

The author proposes a classifying principle for the various clinical aspects of schizophrenia. It is based on the hypothesis that thinking processes are carried on as the three temporal conditions of the experience (continuous, discontinuous and successive, and reversible or simultaneous) whose combination structures sane thoughts. Mental symptoms are proposed as indexed to the particular anomaly of one of those three components: disruption to the lack of simultaneity, hallucination to the lack of continuity, delusion and misinterpretation to the lack of successivity. Other symptoms (deficit, withdrawal, stereotypy) are reactional to one of the prior mechanisms.
Naloxone Blocks Learned Helplessness in the Slug (Limax Maximus)
Authors: Brown Gary E. , Davenport Debra A. , Howe Angela R.
Published: August 2011

The escape deficit in slugs ( Limax maximus) exposed to inescapable light/heat stress was blocked by a single injection of naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) administered 10 min. before the posttest escape task.
Birth Order and Need for Cognition in Marketing Entrepreneurship
Authors: Claxton Reid P. , McIntyre Roger P. , Wheatley Edward W.
Published: August 2011

Many researchers have profiled the typical entrepreneur as being firstborn. The present study investigated possible relationships between birth order and need for cognition scores as one reason for over-representation of firstborns among entrepreneurs. “Birth order” is rank by age among one's brothers and sisters. “Need for cognition” is the tendency to enjoy thinking and engage in it. Analysis of variance of responses from 33 female and 45 male university students indicated no statistically significant association between birth order and need for cognition scores. Implications for research and marketing to entrepreneurs are discussed.
Temporal Stability of Psychophysiological Stress Profiles: A Re-Analysis Using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients
Authors: Arena John G. , Hobbs Stephen H.
Published: August 2011

This is a re-analysis of data from a previous study which examined the temporal stability of three psychophysiological responses [frontal electromyographic activity (EMG), hand surface temperature, and heart rate]. Each response was recorded on 64 subjects over four sessions, each of which consisted of a 20-min. adaptation period, a baseline condition, and two stressors (one cognitive, the other physical). Rather than using Pearson product-moment correlations, as nearly all psychophysiological test-retest reliability studies have, we have now analyzed the data using intraclass correlation coefficients. This type of correlation allows one to incorporate more than two test-retest values on the same subjects. Analysis indicated that, with the exception of EMG during the physical stressor, the absolute values of the responses had quite significant reliability (.70 or greater). Treating the responses as relative measures (percent change from baseline or simple change scores from baseline) produced smaller and frequently less stable coefficients. It is concluded that statistical estimates of psychophysiological response reliability are functions of the design and particular reliability analysis employed.
Ireland: Gender, Psychological Health, and Attitudes toward Emigration
Authors: Carlson Helena M. , Nilsen Erik L.
Published: August 2011

Ireland is experiencing one of the highest periods of emigration in its history. The current study collected demographic and psychological data on 203 Irish men and women in Ireland and in Northern Ireland, including measures of self-esteem, depression, attitudes toward immigration, and expectancies of emigration. Analysis indicated that approximately 81% of this Irish sample are considering emigration; however, the prospect of emigration is psychologically experienced differently by men and women. While there were no significant differences over-all in scores on self-esteem between Irish men and women, men who contemplated emigration reported higher self-esteem scores, and women contemplating emigration reported lower self-esteem scores (relative to those who had no plans to emigrate). In addition, women who contemplated emigration had higher depression scores than women who did not contemplate emigration. This pattern was not evident for men. These results indicate that psychologically women view the prospect of emigration less positively than men.
Community Context and the Underutilization of Mental Health Services by Minority Patients
Authors: Gottesfeld Harry
Published: August 2011

An organization applying the principles of “community context” had 20 dropouts among 111 African American and Hispanic patients in its mental health services. Its sister organization applying conventional psychiatric service approaches had 114 dropouts among 167 African American and Hispanic patients.