bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Agency Agreement Between Travel Agents and Airlines in the Digital Milieu: Perspectives from Competition Law
Authors: Lord Brendan
Published: March 2022

The historical circumstances that underpinned the predominance of agents have long since passed, such that the relationship is susceptible to the claim that it no longer amounts to ‘genuine’ agency. This proposition represents a tilt in the traditional philosophy of the commercial relationship between travel agents and airlines: that as ‘agents’ the entities could not compete, and are thereby excluded from the operation of competition laws. This article considers the influences underpinning this change, analyses the High Court of Australia’s decision in Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v. Flight Centre, and provides a contemporary understanding of agency in the online world.
Is the Cargo Liability Limit Unbreakable under the Montreal Convention?: Implications of a Civil Case in China
Authors: Jin Jason
Published: March 2022

Air cargo claims have been handled under the international legal regime since the early 1930s when the Warsaw Convention was adopted. This liability regime later developed into a more modern instrument, i.e. the Montreal Convention 1999, which allegedly sets an unbreakable limit for cargo damage. Although such cargo liability limit under the Montreal Convention has been upheld by courts in many jurisdictions, efforts made by plaintiff lawyers to circumvent it have never ceased. In China, a Beijing Intermediate Court decided in an air cargo damage case that the airlines should not be entitled to the limit protection under the Montreal Convention and must indemnify the actual losses suffered by the plaintiff in accordance with the PRC Civil Aviation Law. This has been criticized by many practitioners for violating the intention of the drafters of the convention. The aim of this article is to look into the true meaning of the related provisions of the Montreal Convention by examining not only the convention itself, but also the judicial practices of other countries, and explore possible methods to clarify the legislative intent so as to avoid judicial uncertainty.
European Union Competition Law Developments in the Aviation Sector: JanuaryJune 2018
Authors: Deasy Geoffrey
Published: March 2022

The first half of 2018 has seen a significant increase in the application of competition law across the EU aviation sector, particularly in respect of abuse of dominance claims. This article summarizes the main developments over the past six months and provides the reader with greater detail of each of these developments.

 

The first six months of 2018 have seen no less than six authorities being involved in potential abuse of dominance cases (two authorities opening cases and four authorities closing cases – with all but one of the cases involving access conditions to airport infrastructure) and two court judgments being handed down. This highlights the increasing use of competition law arguments by authorities and unhappy current or former airport users and the challenges faced by airport operators when dealing with the managed infrastructure.

The European Commission (‘Commission’) is understood to have initiated an internal review of its own policy when slot divestiture commitments are offered during the EU merger review process. This appears to have arisen as a result of slot congestion at certain airports and the apparent low uptake of slots subject to such commitments.

State aid continues to feature in the aviation sector, but it appears that aid is now being more frequently or successfully deployed by Member States to airports in the form of operating or infrastructure aid.
Small Satellites: A Threat for the Future Sustainability of Outer Space Exploration?
Authors: Greco Orsola
Published: March 2022

Sustainability is a very well-known issue in international environmental law, especially with regard to outer space activities and the related debris proliferation. Bearing in mind that outer space is a res communis area (i.e. outside the jurisdiction of any State), the present article discusses the need to re-think the concept of ‘exploration and use’ under the guidance of the sustainable development principle. In this context, special attention is given to the well-known threat posed by small satellites to the sustainability of the Low Earth Orbit environment and some proposals are made regarding the way forward.
Contaminated Air: Is the But For Test Saving Air Carriers?
Authors: Defossez Delphine
Published: March 2022

Cases concerning victims of presumed air cabin contamination are receiving ever more media attention. Meanwhile, experts are still trying to demonstrate that the so called ‘fume events’ might have consequences on human health. A recent study published in 2017 demonstrates a ‘clear cause and effect relationship has been identified linking the symptoms, diagnoses and findings to the occupational environment.’ (Susan Michaelis et al., Aerotoxic Syndrome: A New Occupational Disease?, 3 Pub.c Health Panorama 198 (2017)) If other studies corroborate such findings, then carriers might face large amounts of litigation from former crew members who are suffering from chronic illnesses.

 

Although the problem has been known for over a decade, only a few cases have been successful, mainly because the victims used specific health-related legislation rather than general tort law. Basing itself predominantly on the Richard Westgate case, this article concludes that the famous English ‘but for’ test is preventing claimants from demonstrating any causal link between their illnesses and the fume events.
The Protection of Personal Data in International Civil Aviation: The Transatlantic Clash of Opinions
Authors: Lord Brendan
Published: March 2022

When novel and complex legal problems arise, the legal mind is paralysed – caught between squeezing the problem into familiar models or creating new and distinctive legal approaches. Despite the growth of the international legal consciousness, threats of aviation terrorism have elicited predominately national regulatory responses, and as such, the innovative corpus of law produced by the United States of America concerning Passenger Name Records (PNR) conflicts with fundamental liberties guaranteed in the European Union. This article considers this conflict of norms, ascertains how they are to be balanced in the interest of global cooperation, and discusses what, going forward, should be the driving force of policy development.
Overview of Recent Case-Law and Trends on Regulation (EC) 261/2004, Both from a European and a French Law Perspective
Authors: Rezlan Chloé , Cadain Aurélia
Published: March 2022

Regulation (EC) No. 261/2004 sets a minimum level of quality standards for passenger’s protection, by providing compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding, delays and flight cancellation. This Regulation hugely impacts the aviation sector and imposes heavy costs on airlines. This strict regulatory framework keeps evolving and practice shows that there are still many grey zones in the Regulation, which is constantly clarified and interpreted both by national and European case-law. This article aims at reviewing the major case law handed down in 2018 and 2019 by the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) and by the French High Court, which seems to timidly tend to adopt a more flexible approach towards airlines, as courts recently enshrined new ‘extraordinary circumstances’ which exonerate airlines from their compensation obligation (I). The ECJ is also expected to rule on the burden of proof as regards presentation for check-in in the upcoming months (II). Other major decisions were handed down, namely to clarify the jurisdiction to hear a dispute arising out the delay of a flight (III), or the regime of compensation for passengers who have a right to claim the reimbursement of the cost of the air ticket against the tour operator (IV). The ECJ also recently acknowledged the possibility for passengers to claim compensation to the air carrier that performed the first leg of the flight even though it did not operate the second leg of the flight, which was actually late (V).
The Montreal Convention 1999 at 21: Has It Come of Age or Passed Its Sell-by Date?
Authors: Lawson Robert
Published: March 2022

The Montreal Convention is now twenty-one. This article summarizes its purpose, passage, and what it added to its predecessor, the Warsaw Convention, and its progeny. It considers the case law that it has produced and issues that arise in its application. It is concluded that the Montreal Convention has not passed its sell-by date and remains a praiseworthy international instrument for the regulation of air carrier liability, but suggestions are made as to possible further revisions and enhancements.

Carrier liability, Montreal Convention, Review, Revision, Expansion
National Reflexes Following the COVID-19 Outbreak: Is Sovereignty Back in the Air?
Authors: Mendes de Leon Pablo
Published: March 2022

States have closed their national airspaces in the past for a variety of reasons which may pertain to environmental concerns, safety, security, politics or war. The global spreading of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus sheds a new light on closure of the airspace because, for the first time in the history of air law, measures are taken to protect the health of the resident population on a global scale.

COVID-19, closure of airspace, national reflexes, sovereignty, European positions
The UK Perspective on Informed Consent in Commercial Space Travel
Authors: Simmonds LLB Alex
Published: March 2022

The Space Industry Act 2018 imposes requirements that operators of spaceflight activities obtain informed consent from individuals taking part in spaceflight activities. The Act contains no further guidance on this matter other than an indication that regulations will determine the ultimate scope of this provision. Is the definition of ‘informed consent’ within the spaceflight context to be synonymous with ‘informed consent’ in the English Medical Law context? If so, these contrasting regimes are likely to be incompatible in terms of their goal and purpose. Moreover, the United States regime, if roughly copied or imported wholesale would likewise be at odds with the position in English Medical Law. Furthermore, the present law on warnings in the context of Occupiers Liability and the rules relating to participation in dangerous sporting activities may serve to negate consent in any case, regardless of how well-intentioned or balanced the ultimate regime may prove to be. The logical position for the UK regulator (or legislator) would be to create a fresh regime of informed consent for commercial spaceflight purposes which falls categorically outside the medical law context.

Law, Space, Spaceflight, Tourism, Consent
The Seasons They Go Round and Round
Authors: Ellis Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

When an aviation accident occurs, courts in the United States are frequently presented with a claim that an aircraft or one of its component parts should be deemed ‘defective’. In considering this type of claim, defendants almost always argue that the product met FAA certification standards and was deemed safe by that agency. Several recent US decisions as well as the fatal accidents involving the 737MAX have once again focused attention on this issue. This article addresses how some US courts have used circular reasoning in analysing the meaning of the federal statute and regulatory regime which govern product certification and aviation safety generally. The first section of this article examines the initial decision to address this issue and the flaws in the analysis that caused the court to reject this defence. The next section examines a subsequent decision which pointed out the foregoing flaws and held that the entire field of aviation safety was preempted. The following sections address how the first court recognized the flaw in its initial rationale while another panel of the court which first recognized that flaw issued a decision which hearkened back to the rationale of the initial court’s decision. Although Supreme Court review of the latter was requested, the FAA urged that Court to wait until the 737Max issues played out before addressing this subject and that is what the Supreme Court agreed to do. While final resolution of this issue will require a Supreme Court determination, a review of the decisions issued to date provides useful context for analysing how this issue will ultimately be resolved. It is the author’s belief that federal standards will ultimately be recognized to control and that FAA certification will either conclusively establish that the product is safe or create a presumption regarding that fact.

aviation product preemption, aviation product certification, FAA aircraft certification, aviation safety, US case law
Reopening the Upper Airspace over Kosovo for Civil Air Traffic: The Road Thereto
Authors: Otília Kiss Krisztina
Published: March 2022

Over twenty years have passed since the insurrection in Kosovo which ended with the introduction of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in June 1999. The establishment of the State of Kosovo has raised multiple questions and challenged public international law doctrines in different ways. The validity of unilateral State succession in the post-colonial era, the international legal personality of international intergovernmental organizations, and the exercise of sovereign rights by other entities than States are among the questions that the international community has had to contend with. The present essay elaborates the aviation law-related aspects of these challenges, more precisely the reopening of the upper airspace of Kosovo, with a special focus on the legal solutions of the Implementing Agreement Between Hungary and the International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) (Implementing Agreement Between the Government of Hungary and International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) for the Provision of Air Navigation Services (ANS) and Other Relevant Activities in the Designated Airspace over Kosovo as promulgated by Act No. CCXLVIII of 2013 on Promulgation of the Implementing Agreement Between the Government of Hungary and International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) for the Provision of ANS and Other Relevant Activities in the Designated Airspace over Kosovo.).

airspace, sovereignty, NATO, Kosovo, Hungary
The Uberisation of Aircrew Through the Use of Bogus Self-Employment Contracts
Authors: Defossez Delphine
Published: March 2022

Although not a new phenomenon, the rise of the ‘gig’ economy has shed light on a bogus selfemployment status flourishing all over Europe and the world. The predominant image associated with ‘bogus self-employment’ features riders and drivers engaged in platform work. Unfortunately, the heavy reliance on such status in the aviation industry is rarely discussed and debated, despite in-depth studies, reports, and campaigns by pilots and crew members. The first reports on this topic were actually made more than ten years ago. In addition to lowering social and working conditions, bogus self-employment is also preventing the proper functioning of the aviation market by creating unfair competitive pressure. Indeed, airlines relying on this type of contract have an unfair competitive advantage over other companies by lowering their prices or so-called ‘social dumping’. It is interesting to analyse situation of pilots and crew members in light of an array of case law which have ruled on bogus self-employed status. Indeed, a clear uberisation of aircrews exists, and the COVID-19 pandemic might have worsen this already complex situation.

Uberisation, bogus self-employment, aircrew, pay-to-fly, labour law
Financial and Insurance Considerations in Relation to the Grant of a UK Spaceflight Licence, Particularly for Non-Geostationary Satellites
Authors: Wheeler Joanne , Monk Alex , Stevens Neil
Published: March 2022

National regulators globally are having to consider the licensing criteria to impose on launch and satellite operators as more regulators are approached to license satellites and, in particular, large constellations.

Regulators must balance issues such as government risk, safety, security and the sustainable use and access to space; against the encouragement of commercialisation, innovation and growth.

It is well documented that an effective, proportionate regulatory framework is an enabler for raising investment. As part of such framework, regulators must assess how best to establish the financial standing of licence applicants and what insurance requirements to impose.

Under international law, the regulating government will bear international liability for damage caused by a licensed satellite. A national regulator will, therefore, normally wish to pass some (if not all) of that liability to the satellite operator responsible for satellite operations. Some of this liability can be met by the effective use of insurance cover.

When assessing space activities licence applications, regulators, and in particular the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) as the new UK regulator, will seek to establish whether a satellite operator can meet its liability obligations pursuant to licensing requirements and what financial considerations and insurance requirements a national regulator could seek to have in place to ensure this, before a constellation licence is granted.

This issue is particularly pertinent as more commercial constellation operators look to ‘forum shop’ for the most efficient licensing regime and the issue of the sustainability and good governance of constellations is more pressing than ever.

Third party liability insurance, space finance, constellations, national space law, UK
Stabilization of Active Soils Using Nanomaterial: Effect on Index Properties and Free swell
Authors: Ogboin Amadise S , God John A Trust
Published: March 2022

In this study the effect of nanomaterial as an additive on the index properties of active soil with various water; nanomaterial mix ratios have been presented. Active soil samples containing mixtures of water to nanomaterial of 1:250, 1:200, 1:150, 1:100 and 1:50 was prepared and the shrinkage limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, plastic limit, and free swell index were conducted using common engineering standards. Statistical test results show significant effect on free swell at 95% confidence limit in addition of different proportions of nanomaterial to the active soil. Using nanomaterial as stabilizer decreases the index properties of soil except plastic limit. The results show that liquid limit, decreased from 63.2% - 47.9%, plasticity index dropped from 43.0% - 24% and shrinkage limit values dropped from 9.6% - 6.8% with increase in nanomaterial percentage respectively. However, plastic limit results obtained increased from 20.6% - 25.4% with the increase nanomaterial percentage. The test show that nanomaterials reduce the free swell, thus changed the swell potential from above average to moderate.
Entrepreneurship culture: An intervention mechanism for youth unemployment
Authors: Obiefuna Boniface AC , Obidile Dr. Jacinta Ifeoma
Published: March 2022

The need to revive the entrepreneurial mindset of the youths for self and economic development necessitated the study. This becomes pertinent as the level of poverty and rate of unemployment of the youths keep increasing in Nigeria, it therefore behooves on the stakeholders (parents, guardians, teachers, religious groups and government) to look inward and revive the entrepreneurial spirit of the young people so as to minimize job seekers and increase job creators in order to reduce the unemployment of the youths. This paper therefore discusses the strategies that could be used to revive, rejuvenate and reposition the entrepreneurial culture to minimize unemployment and enhance youths’ economic development for self-reliance.
Urbanism of exception: camps and inhabitation
Authors: Boano Camillo
Published: March 2022

Writing on camps is dangerous as they are never constrained to the architectural scale and form, we might firstly perceive them. If examined as singular objects, even in their multiple diverse morphological aspects and their contested historiography, they seem incapable of mobilizing architectural and spatial reflection beside an aesthetic of precarity, the makeshift of resistance or the violent power of control, surveillance, exclusion, and death. But when imbricated with infrastructures, territories, materials, border regimes, migration policies, activism, and network of solidarity they become active part in a larger reality-making apparatus enhancing different temporal and spatial articulations without recomposition. in this short contribution I want to reflect on what I consider a central tension and ambivalence of the camp in political theory and architectural and urban thinking: the tension between the camp and the possibility (or impossibility) of inhabitation.
Assessment of Physical and Microbiological Characteristics of Quail Meat During Storage
Authors: Naeem Naureen , Khan Amjad , Ashraf Aqeela , Hussain Shabbir , Hassan Mona
Published: March 2022

Analysis of physical and microbiological quality of quail meat samples was carried out during frozen storage (-18±2oC) of 90 days period. Slaughtering of six weeks old broiler quails was done hygienically. Quail meat samples were packed in low density polyethylene pouches taking best possible care to avoid contamination and stored at -18 ± 2°C for 90 days. These stored samples were evaluated for physical properties and microbiological quality after thawing at 4 ± 1oC for 12 h at an interval of 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. It was observed that drip loss increased, while the extract release volume (ERV) decreased with progression of the storage period. Similarly standard plate count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and psychrophilic count decreased with advancement of frozen storage period. While all of the meat samples were found to be negative for Salmonella spp. It is concluded from the study that quail meat can be safely stored in frozen state for up to 3 months without any deterioration.
Jamun: A Multifunctional Medicinal Plant
Authors: Hassan Syeda Mona
Published: March 2022

According to Ayurveda, different parts of jamun tree possess various medicinal properties. Many properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidant and antidiabetic are shown by jamun. In the present review important effects such as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radio-protective effects also have been studied.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastritis in Shahdara and Associated Areas
Authors: Sharif Saima , Maqbool Rabia , Naz Shagufta , Farasat Tasnim
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT: Gastritis is a painful condition in which the inside surface of the stomach becomes inflamed. The study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 on 400 patients. The purpose was to investigate the prevalence of gastritis and its risk factors in local population. The subjects were selected randomly. Thequestionnaires were filled by them. The questions included the demographical information and contributing factors of gastritis. The result showed that the prevalence of gastritis was 73.5%. Among 294 patients, the prevalence of gastritis in females (65.98%) was higher than in males (34.01%). The mean age of the population was 38.8years ±0.65, the mean height was 160.9cm ±0.74 for females and 163.47 ±0.83 for males, the mean weight was 67.39Kg± 1.0 for females and 69.04 ±1.03 for males and the mean BMI was 25.98Kg/m2 ±0.35 and 25.87Kg/m2 ±0.37 for females and males respectively. It was found that there was a significant association between gastritis and contributing risk factors like psychological stress, history of frequent intake of antiinflammatorydrugs, smoking, eating spicy foods, oily foods, taking soft drinks and tea. The common symptoms were heart burning, the bad taste of the mouth, abdominal bloating, indigestion and swelling in the stomach. This study reported high prevalence of gastritis in Shahdara and its associated area. As its prevalence is increasing day by day in Pakistan. Therefore, it is important to investigate prevalence of gastritis as well as its associated risk factors at larger scale to overcome it.
ThThe effffect of wind on human thermal comfort and its role in tourism activity )A comparative study between Khanaqin and Halabja(
Authors: Ismael Ibrahim Susan , Moghafer Salih Paeman
Published: March 2022

The research aims to study the effect of wind on the thermal comfort of human in the city of Khanaqin and Halabja, depending on the rates of temperature and wind speed, using the Siple and Bassel guide. uncomfortable, and there are other months that are inappropriate and uncomfortable for a person and feel distress and inconvenience and adherence to his life activities, including tourism activity.
Assessment of water quality index (WQI) in the water distribution system in Kalar, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Raafat Sarhat Abdulmutalib
Published: March 2022

In this research, Water Quality Index (WQI) was mathematically assessed to determine water quality at (Bardasoor Treatment Plant – Kalar) and at different points within the neighbourhoods, away from some distance from the treatment plant to check the quality of water in the distribution network. A water sample was collected from the input point at Bardasoor Treatment Plant before the process of treatment, and another sample was collected after the treatment process and before the distribution process. As well, (40) samples of water were collected at (8) stations and were all subjected to Physico-chemical tests. The index classified the quality of water within the water distribution system in Kalar as (good quality) except (2) stations which were classified as (poor quality); despite, some parameters works compete unfavourably with (WHO) standards.
Role of tranexamic acid in reducing perioperative blood loss in transthoracic esophagectomy
Authors: Ganie Farooq Ahmad , Manzoor Sayed Mohsin , Gani Masarat-ul , Khan Mohd Yaqoob , Ione G N , Bhat Mudasir Hamid , Naqash Iqra Nazir
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives: Transthoracic esophagectomy is usually associated with significant perioperative bleeding and blood loss. The present study investigated the role of prophylactic tranexamic acid on intra- and postoperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion in transthoracic esophagectomy (Ivor Lewis esophagectomy).

Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent laparotomy and right thoracotomy with intrathoracic anastomosis for esophageal malignancy were enrolled in the study. The enrolled cases were divided into two groups namely Group A and B. Informed consents were obtained from all the enrolled patients. Group A patients received a standard dose of 1 gram of intravenous tranexamic acid one hour before the beginning of surgery while Group B patients did not receive any tranexamic acid before or after the surgery. Peroperative blood loss was estimated and noted. Post-operative blood loss was assessed from the surgical drains.

Results: A total of 55 cases were included in the study. Group A and B had 27 and 28 cases respectively. The mean age of the Group A and Group B patients was 60.1 ± 6.2 and 60 ± 6.9 years respectively. Out of 27 cases in Group A, 7 (25%) patients had a postoperative haemorrhage (blood loss) up to 300 ml and among the remaining 20, only 2 (7%) patients required blood transfusion as hematocrit fell below 20%. Compared to Group A, patients in Group B who did not receive preoperative tranexamic acid, 21(75%) patients had postoperative haemorrhage up to 300 ml (Group A vs. Group B: p=0.0002). Regarding intraoperative blood loss no significant (p >0.05) difference was observed among the cases in two groups.

Conclusion: The study revealed that administration of prophylactic tranexamic acid resulted into fewer postoperative blood loss in transthoracic esophagectomy.

IMC J Med Sci 2022; 16(1): 003

*Correspondence: Farooq Ahmad Ganie, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar -190011, J & K, India. E-mail: farooq.ganie@yamil.com
APPLICATION OF GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL IN THE FOOD SECTOR
Authors: Iqbal Mochammad
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the usage of spice essential oils, specifically ginger, in the food sector. This study is a literature study. The source of the article writing library were taken from Google Scholar and www.scimagojr.com with relevant study. According to the findings, essential spice oils, especially ginger, can be used as seasonings in the food sector which can extend the shelf life and enhance the taste of a product. This is supported by the chemical nature of ginger essential oil, which contains compounds. Therefore, food additives can be added to the food manufacturing process. Since the main principle of adding food additives is to prevent the growth, oxidation and unwanted chemical changes of bacteria, so that food looks good as well as its tastes, hence food can be consumed safely.

 

Keywords: Ginger Essential Oil, Food Sector, Shelf Life
Forensic Accounting and Fraud Management in Nigeria
Authors: Eko Ewa Uket
Published: March 2022

The study evaluated forensic accounting techniques on fraud management in the public sector MDAs in Nigeria. Arising from the rise in corruption in Nigeria evidenced in the Transparency International latest corruption perception index of Nigeria and the fact that the public sector constitutes a larger part of the economy in Nigeria, the study was undertaken to ascertain the operation-ability of forensic accounting techniques in public sector accounting departments. The study investigated Data mining, accounting ratios and trend analysis tools to detect or to prevent fraudulent activities in MDAs. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The study applying multiple regression analysis technique (OLS) revealed the adoption of forensic accounting tools (data mining, accounting ratios and trend analysis) will significantly enhance ability to detect and or prevent fraud in MDAs. Also revealed knowledge gap in the application of these preventive control techniques and the usefulness of trend analysis as a technique for detecting fraudulent practices in public service operations. It is thus recommended to develop the human capital of MDAs by making professional qualification and knowledge of information technology mandatory requirements for staff working in the accounts department and robust IT facilities in each MDA.
TEOLOGI POLITIK YESUS: SUMBANGSIH MATERI BAGI MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DI POLITEKNIK AMAMAPARE TIMIKA
Authors: Rungkat Jimmy
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of Jesus' Political Theology as a contribution to the Christian Education Course at the Politeknik Amamapare Timika. The method used in this research is library research and through hermeneutic-exegesis approach. This research involves the researcher fully to obtain a complete understanding of the intent conveyed by the writer of the scriptures regarding the context that gives meaning by using the processes of text analysis, narrative analysis, and theological meaning. The results show that Jesus' political theology departs from the theme of the Kingdom of God, which is presented on earth as a system of political thought and action that is balanced by every Christian. In its realization, truth and justice have always been the foothold and the Greatness of God is the main goal of various forms of power in the world which is driven by a high dedication to carrying out political duties in helping others who are experiencing difficulties because of feelings. sympathy and empathy on the basis of true love for social problems. Characteristics of Jesus' Political Theology as a framework of thought and framework The socio-political role of Christianity in Indonesia is oriented towards the general welfare, synergizing religion and state which rejects state religion and state religion, theocracy in democracy, guarantees human rights, rejects discrimination, and realizes laws that do not impartial and uncompromising.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF VITAMIN D INADEQUACY AMONG THAI ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROTIC HIP FRACTURE
Authors: Amphansap Tanawat , Wongthanakitcharoen Pipat , Stitkitti Nitirat , Chaiyosburana Worawut , Therdyothin Atiporn
Published: March 2022

Background: Vitamin D deficiency directly impacts bone biology, eventually resulting in elevated risk of fragility fracture. Despite its global abundance, data concerning its prevalence and risk factors among Thai patients with osteoporotic hip fractures remains lacking.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the average level of serum vitamin D, prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its risk factor among Thai elderly patients with fragility hip fractures.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Thai patients with fragility hip fractures aged 60 years or older in a single center from April 2016-April 2020. The patients were divided according to serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels. Demographic data were compared to identify risk factors of vitamin D inadequacy.

Results: Of 258 patients, 74.81% were females with mean age of 78.76 years. The average serum 25(OH)D level was 19.64 ng/mL. Prevalences of vitamin D inadequacy, vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency were 86.05, 28.69 and 57.36%, respectively. When compared with the vitamin D sufficiency group, the vitamin D inadequacy group had a history of frequent falls, higher body mass index (BMI) as well as high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

 Risk factors associated with vitamin D inadequacy were BMI >23 kg/m2 (AOR= 4.67, 95%CI=1.24-17.73), and two or more falls within a year (AOR= 3.96, 95%CI=1.38-11.33). Moreover, risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency were being female (AOR= 2.87, 95%CI=1.06-7.78), BMI >23 kg/m (AOR=7.20, 95%CI =1.67-31.02), two or more falls within one year (AOR=7.32, 95%CI =2.17-24.69) and elevated PTH level (AOR= 3.38, 95%CI=1.17-0.74).

Conclusion: Most elderly patients with fragility hip fractures had hypovitaminosis D. Risk factors included high BMI, frequent falls for vitamin D inadequacy, being female and high PTH levels for vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D assessment and appropriate supplement are recommended, especially for patients with fragility hip fractures and aforementioned risk factors.
Saudi Vision 2030: Applying a Sustainable Smart Techno-Cultural Assessment Method to Evaluate Museums’ Performance Post-COVID-19
Authors: Hind Khogali
Published: March 2022

UNESCO has defined world cultural heritage as either tangible or intangible cultural heritage. Saudi Vision 2030 strategies is the Culture of Community and Dynamic Supportive Environment, which supports the national identity, maintains the museums, and encourages tourism. This research aimed to assess museums’ performance in four focus areas (sustainability, smart solutions, techno-cultural solutions, and health procedures) during the post-COVID-19 period in Riyadh city. The method consisted of a survey distributed during 04/2021 to stakeholders at the University in two sample case studies: Al Masmak Fort Museum and Riyadh National Museum. The main research aspects of the two samples were compared. The results are average results from survey records and respondents’ responses to survey questions between RNM and MFM to each category: sustainable access (31%) material (31%) water efficiency (29.5%) energy efficiency (32%) smart solutions (31%) and techno-cultural solutions (33%). The health procedures (50.5%) in Table 2. The improvement will be reflected in more advanced and innovative solutions for the museum buildings. could be applied to museum buildings locally and internationally.
Free Volume and Internal Pressure of Binary Liquid Mixtures from Ultrasonic Velocity at 303.15 K
Authors: SHARMA Dhirendra , AGARWAL Seema
Published: March 2022

Ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ), and viscosity (η) measurements have been taken in six binary liquid mixtures ethyl acetate + methanol, ethyl acetate + ethanol, ethyl acetate + propanol, ethyl acetate + butanol, ethyl acetate + hexanol and ethyl acetate + octanol at 303.15 K over the entire mole fraction range. The experimental data has been used to calculate the free volume, internal pressure and their excess values. Excess values of free volume〖(V〗_f^E) and internal pressure (p_i^E) were plotted against the mole fraction of ethyl acetate over the whole composition range at 303.15 K. They have been analyzed to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures.
Current challenges and societal responsibility of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Hercegovina
Authors: Šuško Dževada
Published: March 2022

The Islamic Community has been the core organisation serving the needs of Muslims in and from Bosnia and Herzegovina for 140 years. It has faced diverse challenges over its history but the current are different. Challenges currently being faced by Muslims and society in Bosnia and Herzegovina (and elsewhere) include how to counter accusations of radicalization and violent extremism, how to make a meaningful contribution to peace and stability, and how to respond to the pandemic, climate change, and the migrant crisis. This paper examines the Islamic Community’s response to these issues.
Literarni aspekti kur’anskog teksta: analiza tefsirskih teorija
Authors: Hasić Hasan
Published: March 2022

Omer Hasan al-Qijjam, Literarni aspekti kur’anskog teksta: analiza tefsirskih teorija. Prijevod s arapskog: Berin Bajrić, Sarajevo: Centar za napredne studije, 2020. Str. 200, ISBN: 978-9926-471-35-4.
„Kötelékek köteléke” Azonosságok Moses Hess és Karl Marx korai filozófiai munkásságában, különös tekintettel a pénz gazdaságfilozófiai értelmezésére
Authors: Szücs Balázs
Published: March 2022

Szűcs, Balázs: “The bond of bonds” – Identities in the early philosophical eork of Moses Hess and Karl Marx, with special reference to the economic philosophical interpretation of money
In my essay, I attempted to demonstrate the similarities between the two philosophers, Hess and Marx, especially regarding the essence of money. I present the effect of Hess on the young Marx. In the first section of the essay, a short biography of the French Jewish philosopher, Moses Hess is presented and a brief analysis of the most important works of Hess, like European Triarchy (1841), The Philosophy of Action (1843) and Rome and Jerusalem (1862) is given. In these works, there are a number of philosophical categories and definitions that appear in Marx’s works in similar formulation, for instance the determinism of activity, raw possession and the concept of an authority based (Autoritaten) and repressive state, which is the greatest barrier to free self-accomplishment (Selbstbestimmung). But another striking similarity is that Prometheus is regarded, by both philosophers, as the personification of freedom. The second part of the essay provides a detailed analysis of On the Essence of Money (1845). In this work, Hess gives a unique perspective on human history from its beginning to his own age, with many sharp and prophetic philosophical conclusions. Money has entered this system of philosophy, of history as a necessary evil and by staying for too long in the system, it causes alienation. At the end of the study, there is a comparison of the categories and their explanations that can be found in both philosophers’ works. Comparison of On the Essence of Money and Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, where Hess’s influence on Marx is most evident.
Egy itáliai krónika interpretációs lehetőségei: a magyar hadi vezetők Domenico da Gravina krónikájában
Authors: Virágh Ágnes
Published: March 2022

Virágh, Ágnes: Possible interpretations of an italian chronicle: Hungarian military leaders in the chronicle of Domenico da Gravina This work examines what Domenico da Gravina’s attitude was towards the Hungarians fighting in the Kingdom of Naples. The analysis is based on the Chronicon de rebus in Apulia gestis, in which several Hungarian military leaders are presented. The following observations were made from the results: since Domenico knew the military leaders personally, his reports were much more detailed than those of the other chroniclers. He admired Stephen Lackfi, the Voivode of Transylvania the most. He commemorated his speech at the army muster, his mercy, his excellent strategic sense and the case when Louis of Taranto challenged Lackfi to a duel. Besides Lackfi, he praised the merits of John Csuz, whom he referred to as an expert in military action. Hungarians were regarded to be persistent warriors by him, who despite the hardships, successively defended the castles entrusted to them. He highlights the battlefield value of the Hungarian archery divisions and compares them with the Neapolitan cavalry that always suffered defeat in combat.
An Exploration On Mammographic Image Abnormality Using Computer Aided Detection (Cad) System
Authors: B Dr. Venkateswarulu Naik.
Published: March 2022

Many sectors of research and development use digital image processing to development digital images and extract usable features since the data, whichever may subsequently be castoff to make key judgments by high accuracy. Such approaches were also used in medical solicitations, notably now the identification of breast cancer. Due to the limits of human observation, computers obligate frolicked a vital part in identifying initial signs to cancer over the years, resulting in the creation of a high-accuracy Computer Aided Detection System (CAD). This paper provides a brief overview of the Computer Aided Detection System, whichever could remain used as a choice sustenance system for the automatic detection for breast cancer, with the predictions after CAD schemes being used toward help radiologists make better diagnoses.
Analysis Of Basketball Selection Systems On The Example Of The Usa And Uzbekistan
Authors: Spirin Leonid
Published: March 2022

This scientific article examines the issue of selecting players for the basketball section in Uzbekistan, studies the possibility of introducing the selection of the leading basketball regalia in our country. And also we will hold a discussion about the development of the popularity of the game among the population and the increase in the prospects of basketball players.
Comparison of the Law of Geographical Indications between Indonesia and India
Authors: Sopiyani Talia , Rahayu Kanti , Pratama Erwin Aditya , Haryadi Toni , Hamzani Achmad Irwan
Published: March 2022

Indonesia has a strategic and favorable geographical condition to boost the economy. Likewise, India has diverse geographical conditions. Geographical indications are part of Intellectual Property Rights that are born from the work of human thought. The purpose of this study is to compare the legal arrangements of Geographical Indications between Indonesia and India and to examine the registration of Geographical Indications between Indonesia and India. This research is a type of library research. The approach used is normative, using secondary data and qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Regulation on Geographical Indications in Indonesia is the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications and the regulation of the registration mechanism uses the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 12 of 2019. While the Regulation on Geographical Indications in India and Regulation of the mechanism registration using The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection Act, 1999 ).
Promoting Ethics And Morality In Education For Equality, Diversity And Inclusivity
Authors: Walia Nitasha
Published: March 2022

Ethics is properly defined as the discipline concerned with what is good and wrong in terms of moral duty and obligation. Ethics education is necessary in the curriculum to help students deal with ethical dilemmas in professional practice and life. The ethical codes and student’s perceptions of these codes have an impact on how they perceive, maintain and act in accordance with the ethical standards set at their workplace or school. Moral values are a set of valuable principles that assist us in becoming better human beings. These values include a variety of aspects such as morality, respect for others, helping others, loving others and so on. Social, aesthetic, cognitive, spiritual, economic, religious, health, political, environmental and cultural values are among the several forms of moral values. Information about these values enables individuals to make a meaningful contribution to the community and nation's well-being, as well as to develop into moral and ethical human beings. Human values and human rights, professional integrity, respect and equality, privacy, building of trusting relationships, creating and participating in a culture of positive cooperation, respecting the competence of other professions, taking initiative, promoting an open culture and displaying loyalty towards goals and objectives are some of the factors that lead to the development of professional ethics. Moral standards can be improved through education, especially among students. Education, in my opinion, is the most effective means of instilling moral ideals in individuals. Student’s emotional intelligence will be influenced by their moral ideals. As a result, moral values and ethics education is critical in our schooling. Moral and ethical values education will result in a society that is more egalitarian, diverse and inclusive.
Big-datatoepassingen bij de politie: een verkenning van een actueel en veelomvattend thema
Authors: Snaphaan Thom , Hardyns Wim , Spithoven Remco
Published: March 2022

Big data applications in policing: an examination of an actual and comprehensive topic

This special issue reflects about big data applications in policing. Terpstra and Salet (2020) refer to this development as ‘one of the greatest changes within the police about the past decade’ (p. 25). Beside attention to this topic in Dutch literature (e.g. Janssen et al., 2020; Spithoven & Beerends, 2019), the relevance of the subject is also internationally recognized (e.g. Brayne, 2021; Ferguson, 2017; Ridgeway, 2018). In this special issue, we examine – with a view to the past, present and future – how big data could be used in policing in the Netherlands and Belgium. This special issue is not about empirical big data applications, for that we would like to refer to specific studies (e.g., Rummens et al., 2021); in this issue we especially want to outline the breadth of this research area.
Handvatten voor een kwaliteitsbeoordeling van big data: de introductie van het Total Error raamwerk
Authors: Snaphaan Thom , Hardyns Wim
Published: March 2022

Assessing the methodological quality of big data: an introduction to the Total Error framework

The availability and use of big data sources is increasing exponentially. The variety of new and emerging data sources offers opportunities to complement, replace, improve or add to conventional data sources. Survey data are one kind of conventional data sources. In survey research, a framework to assess the accuracy of survey data already existed for quite some time. This framework is known as the Total Survey Error (TSE) framework. The philosophy behind this framework has only recently been universalized to (big) data in general in the form of the Total Error (TE) framework. This generic framework, which allows for assessing the accuracy of (big) data, is outlined in this article. Additionally, the TE framework is applied to big data sources that could be relevant for policing: police-registered crime data, Twitter data and mobile phone data.