bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wood Construction System of Traditional Edirne Houses
Authors: Canitez Ilker Salih , Canitez Tulay
Published: September 2013

Architecture heritage is one of the most considerable items that create the identity of the city. Architecture heritage transmits to following generation with its original form and special features are the basic principle of conservation. The most characteristic factor for continuity is fixed building materials and building technologies.
Through the study; it is analyzed those wood constructions, usage of materials and methods of construction were built in the late 19 century and early 20 century and also hardly accessible in Edirne where the societies lived together with their different national and religious values (Grek, Bulgarian, Armenian, Jewish...). It is intended to secure this cultural heritage with its methods of construction and all details against the danger of extinction and to transmit following generations.
Keywords:
Wood Construction System, Tradional House, Sustainable Conservation
Timber Structure Repair of an Emblematic Catalan Industrial Building with Wood Grafts and Epoxy Resins
Authors: Vilches Casals Marcel , Rodríguez Trujillo Vladimir , Labèrnia Badia Carles
Published: September 2013

The development of epoxy resins has provided new methods of reparation of timber structural elements. This material is moldable and applicable in situ, can be used in the majority of wood species and for its fluency can be introduced for any hollow, fissure or pore, joining the healthy material provided with the structural element existent [. These methods allow to recover the load capacity of deteriorated timber structures with sufficient security, working jointly the resin and timber [. The most used reinforcements are metallic elements and fibreglass with epoxy resins. The reinforcements of timber elements, which employ timber as resistant material, are less usual [, but these have been employed for repairing the damaged timber elements of the building case of study, called Cal Trepat in Tàrrega (Spain). The repairing technique employed in the structural elements was through wood graftings and epoxy resins, in which were improved the load capacity of the timber structures repaired, with a very low visual impact, showing that is a good solution and promoting this reparation between architects and engineers.
Study on Antheraea Pernyi Silk Fibroin Microspheres Carried Drug
Authors: Li Gui Jun , Wang Juan , Sun Shan , Lu Shen Zhou
Published: September 2013

A new method was developed to prepare the Antheraea Pernyi silk fibroin (ASF) microspheres and rhodamine was as a model drug. The structure of ASF microsphere carried drug was β-sheet structure characterized by X-ray diffraction and FTIR. The morphology of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscope. The diameter of the ASF particles was not changed before and after drug carried. It was in the range of 1 μm to 5μm with a narrow size distribution. The encapsulation rate, drug content, and the drug release were tested. The resulted showed that encapsulation rate was increased and drug content was decreased with the addition of rhodamine increasing. The drug released 70% after 12 days and there was no significant difference with different pH value.
Preparation of Silk Fibroin/Pearl Powder Blend Films
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Rui Juan
Published: September 2013

Silk fibroin (SF) / pearl powder (PP) blend films with glycerol as a crosslinker were prepared by adding PP into SF solution and casting the SF solution onto the polystyrene disks at room temperature. The effects of amount of PP on surface morphology, structure, mechanical properties and water-solubility of films were investigated in this study. The surface morphology was observed with scanning electron microscope. The structure of films was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The dissolution rates of SF in films were measured by ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass loss percentages of the films were examined by weighing method. The elongation at break and the tensile strength of the films were measured on a universal testing machine. The results showed that surface of films without PP was smooth, particles rose increasingly obviously on the surface of films with PP with the increase of amount of PP. The condensed structure of SF in the films without PP was mainly silk I crystals. When the addition of PP was more than 5%, it had obvious effects on the crystal formation of SF in the films. Apart from silk I crystals, silk II crystals formed in the condensed structure of SF containing PP. The mass loss rate of films decreased with the increase of PP and the corresponding dissolution rate of SF was between 0.29% and 0.48% when the proportion of PP was in the range of 0% to 15%. The elongation at break was significantly affected by the addition of PP, but there were no significant effects on the tensile strength. When the proportion of PP was more than 5%, the elongation at break of the films dropped significantly.
Research on the Magnetic Washing-Durability in the Surface of Fabric
Authors: Yu Gao Jie , Wu Fei Fei , Zuo Hua Li , Chen Yan
Published: September 2013

The magnetic flux density on the surface of magnetic fabric sample was measured by use the special instrument of high-precision Tesla measurement, and the distribution of the magnetic flux density on the surface of magnetic fabric was presented by the methods of information virtualization. The results of the measurement have showed that the values of the magnetic flux density on the surface of magnetic fabric sample, allowing negative value as well as positive value. The magnetic flux density on the surface of magnetic fabric has regional and inhomogeneity of the distribution. The experiment has been conducted on washing and chafing to research the varying characteristics of the magnetic flux density on the surface of magnetic fabric sample. The results of the experiments shows that the magnetic flux density on the surface of magnetic fabric trends to increase firstly in the beginning of washing experiment and then decrease after three times of washing. Generally, fabric loses magnetic after washing 15 times or so. One of the key factors influencing the durability of the magnetic flux density on the surface of magnetic fabric is the content of magnetic fiber in magnetic fabric.
Cultivation of Eri-Silkworm Cordyceps militaris and Determination of its Amino Acid Composition
Authors: Jin Yu Qiao , Li Bing
Published: September 2013

In order to study eri-silkworm Cordyceps militaris culture condition and the amino acid composition features in different parts of it, this experiment optimized eri-silkworm Cordyceps militaris artificial culture conditions, and determined the amino acid composition in different parts. The results showed that the inoculated eri-silkworm Cordyceps militaris which was kept at low temperature (18 ° C) and seventeen dark days grew well and began to use natural light in the eighteenth day with humidity 85%, temperature 21 ° C, which could induce the germination of the sporophore. The artificial cultivation period was about 40 days. Amino acid test shows that its sporophore and stroma are rich in 17 kinds of amino acids, including 7 kinds of essential amino acids. The higher levels of amino acids in its sporophore are lysine 15.28%, glutamate 15.05% and aspartate 7.55%. The higher levels of the amino acids in the stroma are glycine 16.11%, lysine 9.16% and glutamate 8.30%. The results indicate that eri-silkworm Cordyceps militaris can be artificially cultured. As there are differences of amino acid composition in different parts of eri-silkworm Cordyceps militaris, this study lays the foundation for its large-scale cultivation and the exploitation of its amino acid nutrition.
Research on Performance of MPIA/PTFE Union Fabric Used as Self-Lubricating Bearings Liner
Authors: Gu Jing , Huang Xiao Mei , Sui Jian Hua
Published: September 2013

Self-lubricating bearings liner is a fabric that can extend the period of use of spherical plain bearing. In this paper, the structural parameter of self-lubricating bearings liner was discussed. Taking MPIA as warp, respectively the MPIA/PTFE twisting yarn and PET/PTFE twisting yarn as weft, we obtained 12 fabrics by changing the weft surface effect of fabric structure, linear density and twist of weft. Then, the wear resistance and frictional property of the fabrics were tested, and the relationship between the factors was analyzed. The data shows that the wear resistance and frictional properties of the fabric with change of different factors. In comprehensive, more suitable self-lubricating bearings liner can be made by selecting MPIA and MPIA/PTFE twisting yarn intertwined, increasing weft surface effect, with moderate weft twist factor, and increasing weft linear density.
Correlation Analysis Based on the Performance and Structural Parameters of Woven Fabrics for Bedding
Authors: Sun Xun Ke , Qiu Tao , Chen Mei Jun , Feng Cen
Published: September 2013

Typical woven fabrics for bedding were selected from the market in this paper. Based on test and analysis results of the structural parameters, the relevant performance indicators were measured in consideration of mechanical properties,comfort and style of fabrics, and the test data were systematically integrated and the relevant quantitative data were ultimately obtained. Meanwhile, Fabric Assurance Tester was used to determine the style of the fabrics and tested indicators were chosen, following with normalized statistics and processing. In addition, SPSS software was applied for the correlation analysis between fabric properties and structural parameters through the correlation and partial correlation analysis.According to the results of correlation coefficient,partial correlation coefficient, the paper revealed the intrinsic link between the fabric’s structural parameters and its properties. As to the main factors of the structural parameters which greatly affect the performance of the fabrics, they will provide scientific evidence for the design and development of fabric.
Effects of the Polypropylene Fabric Morphology on the Photografting Copolymerization of Methacrylics
Authors: Shi Xiao Li , Liu Yin , Wan Heng , Zhu Xin Sheng , Pan Zhi Juan
Published: September 2013

The effect of the polypropylene fabric morphology on the grafting copolymerization of methacrylics in the aqueous solution under ultraviolet irradiation was investigated. The infrared spectra and the scanning electron microscopy images verified the successful grafting copolymerization of the two monomers, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), onto the three fabrics, the spunbonded polypropylene nonwovens (SB), the spunlaid-meltblown-spunlaid polypropylene nonwovens (SMS), and the polypropylene monofilament plain fabrics (MPF). The results showed that, the grafting degrees of the two monomers increase and then tend constant with irradiation time, while those increase with the increase of the monomer concentrations for all the fabrics. The tight texture structure and the well-stretched monofilament surfaces of the MPF fabrics retard the grafting to a great extent. The inner fluffy meltblown layer of SMS nonwovens favors the grafting as compared with the SB nonwovens.
Prediction of Genes Regulated by JAK-STAT Signal Pathway
Authors: Liu Jia Bin , Qian Ying , Xue Ren Yu , Cao Guang Li , Gong Cheng Liang
Published: September 2013

JAK-STAT signaling pathway shared by a variety of cytokines was discovered in recent years. It plays an important role in growth and development, cell apoptosis and immune response. In general, activated STAT dimer binds to a palindromic sequence (TTCN2-4GAA) located at the upstream promoter region to activate gene transcription. Some signal pathways including Toll and Imd in silkworm Bombyx mori, a model of Lepidopteran insect, have been well studied. However, little is known regarding JAK-STAT signal pathway. In the present study, the genes regulated by JAK-STAT signal pathway were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. 1000bp of upstream promoter sequence of the all predicted genes were downloaded from the silkworm genome database, and the STAT binding sequence TTCN2-4GAA were searched by scanning the promoter sequences, the results showed that 1 to 6 the target sequences could be found in the upstream promoter sequences of 9293 genes coding7271 non-redundant proteins. Go annotation results showed that these proteins were involved to cellular component, molecular function and biological process, suggesting JAK-STAT pathway play an important role in many way. More than 50% genes related to binding, about 40% genes related to cellular process, metabolic process and catalytic activity in the targeting genes. It is considered that JAK-STAT play a role in immune response.1-4 STAT binding sequences could be detected in promoter region of some genes related to anti-viral factors, cellular immune effector, and small antimicrobial peptide including defensin, attacin, moricin and gloverin3, implying that the expression of some anti-viral factors, cellular immune effectors and antimicrobial peptides related to antiviral activity might be regulated by JAK-STAT signal pathway.
Design and Study on Integrated Fabric GPS Micro Strip Antenna
Authors: Xu Si Cong , He Li Li , Li Jian , Wang Guo He
Published: September 2013

Integrated antenna is a kind of functional fabric which is used for positioning and navigation. In this thesis, this antenna has been successfully developed with Φ0.1mm copper wire and 500dtex polyester as materials which combined ground plate, dielectric substrate and radiation layer together, utilizing the theory of the textile multilayer’s connection. The test result shows that when the working frequency was 1.575GHz, the value of RL(Return Loss) was 3.4dB. And the axial ratio was -14.7dB. Moreover transmission gain shows the value 3.7dBi. In conclusion, this antenna has already met the GPS applying requirements.
Fabrication of High-Strength Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/ Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning
Authors: Zhang Xian Hua , Dai Hua Gen , Cao Ying
Published: September 2013

High-strength uniaxially-aligned electrospun nanofibers were prepared from PVA reinforced by modified hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In order to get a homogeneous spinning solution, a one-step process using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant was employed to fabricate water-soluble MWCNTs, and then they were dispersed in a 10 wt% PVA aqueous solution. We utilized this macroscopically homogeneous dispersion to produce nanofibers mat by electrospinning with an ultra-high-speed rotating cylinder as a collector. SEM image shows that the aligned degree of the fibers increases along with the increase in rotating speed. When the speed is up to 2000 rpm, the electrospun nanofibers are nearly uniaxially aligned. The tensile test results suggest that a small amount of MWCNTs dramatically enhanced the tensile strength of PVA fibers.
Study on Taylor Cone and Trajectory of Spinning Jet by Altering the Properties of Negative Electrode
Authors: Li Jie , He Bin , Pan Ning , Pan Zhi Juan
Published: September 2013

To achieve continuous yarns formed of nanosized filaments during electrospinning, a chemical liquid in a container was used in this study as the collector (i.e. the negative electrode) to convert nanofiber filaments into yarns. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of the chemical solutions employed in the negative electrode on the Taylor cone and trajectory of the fluid jet during the process of electrospinning. The results indicated that only 5wt peregal O solution produced non-interrupted filaments so the spinning system can work continuously for up to 10 hours. Also, the results showed that both the angle and volume of Taylor cone enlarged along with the increase of the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode. When changing the spinning voltage, both the volume of the Taylor cone and the shape of the spinning jet changed significantly.
Preparation of PVDF Nanofibrous Membrane and its Waterproof and Breathable Property
Authors: Zhou Ying , Yao Li Rong , Gao Qiang
Published: September 2013

PVDF nanofibrous membranes were successfully prepared by electrospinning in this paper, and the component solvent of DMF/acetone was used. The concentration of PVDF and the volume ratio of component solvents of DMF/acetone were the most important variables to affect the morphology, diameter and uniformity of the nanofibers. The concentration of spinning fluid changed from 10 wt% to18 wt% and the volume ratio of DMF/acetone ranged from 2/8 to 8/2. The results of the study showed that the better nanofibrous membrane was prepared when the concentration of PVDF was 12 wt% and the ratio of component solvent DMF/acetone was 6/4. At this moment, the morphology and contact angle of PVDF membrane were better in comparison with other groups. The contact angle, waterproof properties, air permeability were measured, which indicated that the PVDF nanofibrous membrane showed a good air permeability and had an excellent waterproof properties at the same time. In the meantime, by changing the thickness of membrane, we could analyze the relationship between the thickness of the membrane and its breathability and waterproofness.
Research of Salt-Free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes on Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt Treated Bombyx mori Silk Fabric
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cheng You Gang , Zhou Jin Jie
Published: September 2013

Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (short for HTCC) was a strong cationic water-soluble polymer. The bombyx Mori silk fabric was treated by HTCC solution and the salt-free reactive dyeing process and properties of modified silk fabric were investigated in this paper. The results showed that salt-free dyeing effect of silk fabric treated with Cibacron Blue FN-G was better when HTCC concentration was 8g/L, the processing temperature was 60°C and the processing time was 35min; the optimum salt-free reactive dyeing process of silk fabric treated by HTCC was: dyeing pH was 8.0, dyeing temperature was 90°C and dyeing time was 70 min; HTCC had obviously promoted dyeing effect, after salt-free dyeing, the dyeing rate, the color fixing rate and the dyeing depth of silk fabric modified by HTCC solution were all increased obviously, and the washing fastness and rubbing fastness were both improved slightly; the smaller molecular weight of chitosan was used to modify to HTCC, the higher dyeing rate and color fixing rate of the treated silk fabric were obtained.
Fabrication of ZnO Nanoparticles by Hyperbranched Polymer and their Application on the Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabric
Authors: Zhang De Suo , Liao Yan Fen , Lin Hong , Chen Yu Yue
Published: September 2013

A novel ZnO nanoparticles aqueous solution was prepared through a one-step reaction between a modified hyperbranched polymer-PNP and zinc nitrate. During the reaction process, PNP not only acted as the reagent to produce ZnO nanoparticles, but also controlled the size of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and stabilize them after reaction. The size of ZnO nanoparticles were about 6 nm with narrow size distribution. Then the ZnO nanoparticles were utilized for the functional finishing of cotton fabrics by in situ generation and deposition method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed the ZnO nanoparticles coated on the cotton fibers. The treated cotton fabrics exhibited excellent UV protective properties and antibacterial activities. When the ZnO content in cotton fabric was 2.23 %, the UPF value of treated cotton fabric reached 114.4 and the bacterial reduction rates againstStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) andEscherichia coli(E. coli) both exceeded 98 %.
The Transcription Express Characteristics of Several Genes in the Process of Bombyx mori Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Yi Xie , Bing Li
Published: September 2013

Bombyx mori cell line (BmN) comes fromBombyx moriovary cell subculture. In order to study the change of several genes transcription in the process ofBombyx moriovary cells primary culture and subculture, we usedBombyx moriovary organizations and BmN cell lines as research materials, used Real Time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR to detect cyclin gene family (CyclinA, CyclinB, CyclinB3, CyclinE, CyclinL1), p53 and Telomerase genes transcription level in the ovary and BmN cell lines, and took Actin3 gene as reference to dispose the results. The results showed that in theBombyx moriBmN cell lines the expression of CyclinA, CyclinB, CyclinB3, CyclinE, CyclinL1 and Telomerase genes were higher than those in the ovary. The expression of CyclinB in the BmN was more then 3.8 which was 76 times higher than that in the ovary; The expression of p53 gene in the BmN cell was lower than that in the ovary; The expression of Telomerase gene in the BmN cell was higher than that in the ovary. The results accumulated a reliable data for further study on the the role of cyclin gene family, p53 gene, and Telomerase gene in the process ofBombyx moriovarian carcinoma.
Study on the novel Modification of Polyester Fabrics with Sericin Protein
Authors: Zhou Qing Qing , Dai Jie , Lin Hong Qin , Lv Jing Chun
Published: September 2013

To improve the hydrophobicity and antistatic property of polyester fabric, A novel sericin modifier was prepared by amino in the sericin reacting with epichlorohydrin in alkaline condition under the protection of N2. And then it was grafted onto the polyester fabric treated alkaline deweighting. The optimal technological conditions of sericin modifier were achieved through orthogonal design experiment. The polyester fabric treated with above mentioned sericin modifier not only had excellent antistatic performance, but also hygroscopicity property and so on. The surface charge of treated fabrics with and without sericin modifier were measured, which greatly reduced after finishing. And the contact angle declined obviously. The strength of the fabric treated alkaline deweighting reduced clearly from 519 N to 277 N, however, it reinstated the original strength because sericin modifier grafting onto the polyester fabric could prevent the movement of molecular chain. Alkaline deweighting of polyester fabric decreased fabric density which increased the gas permeability and still reinstated the good property after treating with sericin modifier. Infrared spectra (FTIR) showed that sericin modifier was fixed on the polyester fabric treated alkaline deweighting successfully.
Feature Analysis and Extraction of the Garment Layout Planning
Authors: Jin Ai Yan , Shang Xiao Mei
Published: September 2013

Automatic cutting helps improve efficiency in modern garment production. The design of cutting Numerical Control System determines the speed and quality of cutting flow. The optimization of cutting path based on different marking project, which helps improve not only the efficiency but also the level of systematic intelligence. The optimization of automatic cutting path varies with different layout planning. The layout planning of style design is different, so the individual feature of automatic cutting movement is different. The difference reduces the efficiency of automatic cutting work. Therefore it becomes especially important to analyze and extract common and individual feature of the different garment marking. This paper makes in-depth analysis on the layout planning of enterprises dressing gowns. Through using the method of actual discharge case by comparing and mathematical statistics, from the frequency characteristics, the sample outline of linear features and the utilization rate of discharge, this paper abstracts the character of different schemes of the dressing gown, obtains the common and individual feature, generates the linear path configuration of different pattern. The linear path help automatic cutting system path optimization for scientific basis and technical methods.
An Optimized Algorithm of Numerical Cutting-Path Control in Garment Manufacturing
Authors: Ye Jing , Chen Zhi Ge
Published: September 2013

The garment cutting is a key process during the garment production. Most companies apply the manual labor or simple mechanical aids to achieve the goals. While these methods cost much time and labor. More and more automatic cutting equipment is applied to the garment cutting so as to save time, labor and materials. During the process of cutting, some problems are coming up, especially the cutting path. The cutting path of the garment numerical control cutter is regarded as generalized travelling salesman problem (GTSP). The garment contours can be regarded as the set of cities, and the nodes of a single contour can be regarded as cities. The cutter visits every contour exactly once. A hybrid intelligence algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. The ant colony algorithm was applied to a selected cutting path arbitrarily, an optimal contour sequence was found. Then the garment contour sequences shortest path was transformed into multi-segment graph shortest problem which is solved with the dynamic programming algorithm in order to optimize the knifes in-out point. The final optimal cutting path was constructed with ant colony optimization algorithm and dynamic programming algorithm. The practical application shows that the hybrid intelligence algorithm has satisfactory solution quality.
Study on the Fitness of the Cup Mold for Female Teenager's Bra
Authors: Li Hui , Feng Zhi Hua
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we analyzed the data of the 6 body breast sizing measurement parameters of 162 girl participants who were from Jiangsu aged 13-16, which were collected by the manual measurement. Then, the statistical analysis of the measurement data was carried out in the SPSS software, including the correlation analysis and the regression analysis. From the results of the analysis, we got four regression equations and the value range of four measurement parameters, which were used to design the size of the fitting mold of the girlish mold-cup bra.
Application of Traditional Chinese Auspicious Patterns in the Design of Modern Silk Garment
Authors: Yang Su Rui
Published: September 2013

The traditional Chinese auspicious patterns and silk garment both have characteristics of the traditional Chinese cultures, and always have intimate relationship with each other. In the design of silk garment in many dynasties in China, auspicious patterns were very extensively applied. In the design of modern silk garment, the agile application of auspicious patterns not only can transmit characteristic Chinese ethos, but also can enhance international competence due to its unique Chinese element. Through in-depth study of cultural connotation of the traditional auspicious patterns, this article analyzes application of these patterns in the design of modern silk garment from their constitution, composition, arts and crafts, respectively, with a hope for investigating the inheritance and development of silk garment art, so that providing reference for innovative design of silk garment.
Talking Designer's Emotional State in the Fashion Creation
Authors: Guo You Nan , Xu Xiao Wei
Published: September 2013

Designer's emotional state in the fashion creation process is the subject of long-term concern. This article attempts to clothing fabrics, clothing brand fashion and clothing design goal level, attempts to explore how designers will infuse art and technology into the fabric material and fashion design, turning it into a designer emotion materialized form..
Neurocognitive Research for Fabric Touch Perception with Different Temperature
Authors: Liu Yu Qing , Zhang Xiao Xia , Jiang Xiao Feng , Wang Guo He , Zhang Zhong Wei , Chen Ke Min
Published: September 2013

Fabric, our second skin with moisture and thermal capacity for skin temperature regulation, can arouse feelings of pleasant and discomfort. To examine the neurocognitive ability and emotion of fabric tactile perception under different local temperatures, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with the same denim fabric stimuli and forearm contact area, and found a functional dissociation: the affective regions was more involved during warm condition; the discriminative regions were more involved during neutral condition; the basis regions were significance during cool condition. The higher local skin temperature environment can result in the improvement of sensitivity and discriminability by dorsal pathway (spatial) and ventral pathway (frequency) for fabric perception. Our results help to explain how the brain uses internal models to interpret external fabric tactile stimuli with micro environmental change.
Orthogonal Numerical Analysis on Thermal Stress of the Pilot Wearing Anti-G Suit with Phase Change Materials
Authors: Li Feng Zhi , Wang Yang , Li Yi
Published: September 2013

To investigate heat and moisture transfer mechanisms of the pilots anti-G suit with phase change materials and improve the thermal performance of the garment, a mathematical model for pilot-anti-G suit-environment system is developed. In the model, the coupled heat and moisture transfer and thermal regulation process of phase change materials (PCM) in the anti-G suit are considered, and an 85-node thermal regulatory model is used to simulate human thermal responses. The model is validated by literature experimental data. Then, the parameter effects of PCM on the thermal stress index of the pilot are analyzed based on orthogonal calculation method by utilizing the model. Conclusion shows that the more PCM content and higher latent heat become, the less thermal stress index is.
Research on Thermal Protective Performance of Thermal Insulation and Flame-Retardant Protective Clothing
Authors: Li Fei Fei , Zheng Chun Qin , Qin Guan Mei , Zhou Xiao Hong
Published: September 2013

Thermal insulation and flame-retardant (TIFR) protective clothing, which has good thermal protective performance (TPP), could protect people from high-temperature or flame in casting industry, the petrochemical industry, fire industry and et al. That is, TIFR protective clothing must have certain function of slowing or restraining heat transmission, and insulating radiant heat and convection heat from high temperature heat source. The construction of TIFR protective clothing is being developed from single layer to multi-layer fabrics made by flame-retardant (FR) fibre. In this paper, based on TPP-206 tester, the TPP coefficient of single and multi-layer fabrics with flame-retardant were measured, and the TPP of TIFR protective clothing was analyzed. TPP coefficient of single fabrics included the FR viscose non-woven fabric do not meet the standard. That of all of multi-layer fabrics meet the standard requirement, and the FR viscose/wool blended fabric is not suitable for fire fighter. It is significant and the most observable effect to put the PTFE membrane between the outer layer and the insulating layer. It could improve the overall thermal protection performance.
Effect of Undergarments on Micro-Environment under Anti-Static Dust-Free Clothing
Authors: Liu Ying , Wu Han Yu , Li Yu Ping , Dai Xiao Qun
Published: September 2013

In this study, the effect of different undergarments on micro-climate environment under anti-static dust-free clothing was investigated. Five male undergraduates participated in wear trials conducted in a climate chamber of 24 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5%RH, three undergarments of different materials were worn under an antistatic dust-free overall respectively. While subjects doing mild exercise, the temperature and relative humidity under the undergarment was measured at chest, and the skin temperature at arm, chest, thigh and calf were measured. It was found that undergarment made of plain woven fabric was the best to keep the relative humidity on skin surface low and mean skin temperature stable during mild exercise among three undergarments of different materials. It was demonstrated that hydrophilic fiber might not the best material of undergarment for protective clothing, knitted fabrics which have more volume to hold water might not be good either. It was showed that materials absorb water and moisture and quick dry is suitable to undergarment for protective clothing.
Differential Expression of Stage-Specific Fat Body Proteins during Larval-Pupal Period in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Chen Chi , Liu Yan Yan , Wu Zhi Ping , Niu Rui He , Tan Jian Zhong
Published: September 2013

The silkworm fat body is the organ of many intermediary metabolic processes and sustenance of growth throughout the life, and its proteins are responsible for storing nutrients, providing energy and regulating hormones. To date, detailed differential expressions of fat body proteins have not been clearly analyzed. In this research, fat body proteins were extracted from the larvae of the 5th day of the 5th instar, un-pupated larvae of spinning end and pupae of pupating day of the multivoltine silkworm variety Da Zao, and the differential expressed proteins were characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometry identification and informatics method. 14 stage-specific expression proteins were detected and confirmed. Among them, 7 proteins were accurately identified, such as actin, calponin-like protein, beta-tubulin, hypothetical protein, antichymotrypsin precursor and 30K protein precursor etc. The biological roles of these important proteins during the larval-pupal developmental stages were discussed.
Synthesis and Application of Starch Modified Flocculant
Authors: Zheng Meng , Zhang Hong Jun
Published: September 2013

Starch (St) and acrylamide (AM) copolymers was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization, which as raw material finished hydroxyl methylation reaction, then condensation dehydration with dicyanodiamine, cationic starch graft flocculant is synthetized. Hydroxyl methylation reaction optimum conditions are: temperature T=50°C; pH=10; n (HCHO) : n (St-AM)=1.1:1; reaction time t=2h; Dehydration optimum reaction conditions: mole ratio of 1:1; pH = 4; t=3 h; temperature T=45°C. Intrinsic viscosity number of product is 1023 ml/g, cationizing degree is 50%. Treatment performance for oil wastewater is investigated by using cationic starch graft flocculant compound with the inorganic polymeric coagulant polyferric chloride, the experimental results show that: in wastewater pH=7, the amount of inorganic polymeric coagulant polyferric chloride is 2000 mg/L, the amount of starch graft flocculant is 500 mg/L, the treatment effect is the best, oil content and suspension content are less than 10 mg/L, which reach Daqing oilfield re-injection standard.
Preparation of High-Molecular-Weight Poly(glycolic acid) by Direct Melt Polycondensation from Glycolic Acid
Authors: Shen Kai , Yang Sheng Lin
Published: September 2013

Relatively high molecular weight poly(glycolic acid)(PGA) was prepared by improved melting polycondensation of glycolic acid. Firstly, two kinds of catalyst, zinc acetate dihydrate and tin dichloride dehydrate, were utilized respectively, and a selection was made according to the molecular weight of final product. It has been found that the tin catalyst was the better one. Then the catalyst usage, the heating program, the polymerization time, as well as the vacuum condition were optimized. It was found that the high vacuum at 220~230°C contributed much to the molecular weight to the polymer, however, the polymerization time should be less than 1.5hr to avoid the discolor of the product. Finally, the PGA with a weight average molecular weight of 45,000g/mol were obtained directly without solid phase polycondensation, which was rather higher than some reported previously. The structure and properties of PGA were also characterized by means of intrinsic viscosity, FTIR, NMR and DSC testing.
Screening of Biosurfactant-Producing Thick Oil-Degrading Bacteria and its Degradation Effect
Authors: Wu Jing Chun , Zhang Xiao Long , Zhao Yang , Yang Liu
Published: September 2013

Four bacterias were separation and purification from oil well produced water of Daqing 9 factory, optimizing two degrading bacterias 17# and 7#. Through fermentation cultivation, observing their growth and metabolism laws and the viscosity of crude oil before and after the action. Results showed that the strains 7# and 17# of thick oil degradation rate were 84.9%, 73.9% respectively. Through the experiment contrasts, give the crude oil composition changes and chromatogram of the strains 7# before and after the action. Finally, choose strains 7# as thick oil-degrading bacteria for industrial fermentation.
Degradation of Poly (ε-caprolactone)/Calcium Sulfate Whisker Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Lian , Wang Guang Shuo , Yu Teng , Wang Pei
Published: September 2013

The novel biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone)/calcium sulfate nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of calcium sulfate whiskers as initiator. The resulting neat polymer and its nanocomposites were compression molded to yield dumbbell type specimens. These samples were allowed to degrade in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solutions at 37 °C and the incubation period lasted 12 months. Various analytical techniques such as FESEM, weighing, DSC and tensile tests were used to monitor property changes during degradation.
Controlling the Biodegradation Rate of AZ31
with Biomimetic Apatite Coating
Authors: Zhang Ya Jing , Xi Xiao Hui , Jia Hai Long , Zhang Dan
Published: September 2013

Magnesium alloys have the potential as a biodegradable material for orthopedic applications. However, severely corrosion in a physiological environment limits the clinical application of Mg alloys. Hydroxyapatite is the main composition of natural bone, it has excellent bioactivity and osteoconductivity. In this paper, the samples of AZ31 were ultrasonically cleaned using distilled water, and then the coating was formed on the surfaces of the samples by biomimetic process. The samples were subsequently immersed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for the degradation test. The coatings were characterized by XRD, EDS and SEM. The results showed that hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was formed on the surface of AZ31 after 24h by biomimetic process; the HA coating greatly decreased the corrosion rate of AZ31 substrate; the degradation rate of samples can be controlled by closely adjusting the hydroxyapatite coating.
Depolymerization of Lignin with Supercritical Fluids: A Review
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhou Jing Hui , Li Hai Ming , Sun Guang Wei
Published: September 2013

Biomass has attracted keen interest as a renewable resource and an environmental friendly material that is essential to realize a sustainable world. Lignin as biomass has been long labeled with waste material. But now the innate chemistry of lignin and a phenolic heteropolymer, has allowed it to make inroads into the high value polymer and natural biomass material industries. Supercritical fluids (SCF) have been shown to be a promising technique for future large-scale biofuel and base-chemicals production, especially for depolymerization production from lignin. This paper reviews the research progress of lignin-depolymerization processes, including effects of process parameters, such as reaction time, temperature, pressure and catalyst, product analysis, and reaction mechanism with different supercritical fluids. The problems of depolymerization with supercritical fluid technology and its development direction are also briefly discussed. Compared with conventional lignin production methods, the SCF technology processes of lignin can produce smaller fragments through breakage of the ether linkages and produce larger fragments through cross linking between the reactive fragments, and the depolymerization lignin processes are typically conducted at mild operating conditions, and the monomeric products have a high economic value because the aromatic products can be readily blended into current transportation fuels or used in chemical industry.
Water Absorption of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Fir Sawdust Panel
Authors: Liu Hua Wu , Xie Kai Fang , Hu Wei Wei , Sun Han , Yang Shu Wei , Yang Tian Yang
Published: September 2013

Moisture absorption results in dimensional deformation, mechanical property deterioration and fungi attack in wood composite products, which may be improved by the reinforcement of waterproof material. In this study, we used basalt fibre as a reinforcement material for fir sawdust panels and investigated the influence of basalt fibre content and length on moisture absorption rate and thickness swelling. The reinforced fir sawdust panel groups largely reduced water absorption rate, and the smallest thickness swelling occurred when the content of basalt fibre was 5%. The results also indicated that the basalt fibre content played a more important role than basalt fibre length on the thickness swelling of the reinforced fir sawdust panels.
Shearing Deformation Research on Annular Woven Shaped Fabrics
Authors: Chen He Chun
Published: September 2013

shaped weaving is a method which using unequal length of the warp and weft to weave shaped fabrics on the ordinary weaving frames. After multi-layer wound and resin solidified, these shaped fabrics can be formed into whole three-dimensional preform parts, such as oval-shaped pressure vessels, conical tube, ring, etc. because the batch roller on frame is cone frustum, not cylinder, which makes the shear deformation happens when tuck-in fabrics. In this paper, through the establishment of shear deformation model of the annular shaped woven fabric, and theoretical derivation on shear deformation, then calculate the weft deformation angle by theoretical formula. By contrast, we found the calculated shear deformation angle is very near to that measured on the shape fabrics. This proves the shear deformation model and theoretical derivation are correct, accord with the real situation of the shear deformation.
Key words: shape woven fabric, shear deformation, theory model,shear angle
Capillary Absorption Dynamics for Cementitious Material Considering Water Evaporation and Tortuosity of Capillary Pores
Authors: Liu Xue Wu , Yang Jin Bo , Xia Kai Quan , Zhang Peng , Li Zhan Guo
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the theoretical analysis of capillary absorption dynamics for cemementitious material. Fractal theory is applied to analyse tortuosity of capillary pores in cementitious material and a definition of tortuosity is given. The dynamic equation of capillary absorption considering water evaporation and tortuosity of capillary pores is derived. Based on the dynamic model, the capillary coefficient and sorptivity of concrete are explained theoretically. In absorption test, water evaporation is one of the main reasons caused variations from linearity between water absorption height and the square root of time, or between water amount absorbed and the square root of time. In cementitious material, the evaporation rate is very small compare to capillary flow velocity at the initial time of absorption test. For simplification of testing procedure, there is no meaning to modify absorption test.
Application of High Performance Concrete in the Construction of Box Girder
Authors: You Qi Yong , Yang Hong Yong
Published: September 2013

The strength and durability are the main design parameters of high performance concrete. Concrete should be strict attention to the requirements of various raw materials and mix proportion design in the production process. Engineering example shows that high performance concrete has good durability, economy and environmental protection.
Red Mud Powders Applied on Filling Rubber Composite Material
Authors: Fang Yong Guang , Chen Zheng Ke , Qian Yu
Published: September 2013

Red mud is a kind of fine particles which with a strong alkalin value. The paper used red mud powder to prepare red mud-rubber composite for the feasibility of recycling about red mud. XK-160 open-mixing machine, QLB Series vulcanizing machine, multifunction electronic tensile machine, JC-1086 rotary roller, fluorescence spectroscopy analyzer, BT-9300 laser particle size distribution analyzer etc were used for test. The results showed that red mud in rubber composites played as beneficiations added in rubber significantly.
Passing Aged Years to Polarization Characteristics of the Steel Bar Embedded in Mortar Specimen (W/C:0.4)
Authors: Lee Sung Yul , Won Jong Pil , Park Dong Hyun , Jeong Jae Hyun , Moon Kyung Man
Published: September 2013

The structures of reinforced concrete has been extensively increased with rapid development of industrial society. Furthermore, these reinforced concretes are often exposed to severely corrosive environments such as sea water, contaminated water, acid rain and seashore etc.. Thus, the corrosion problem of a steel bar embedded in the concrete is very important in terms of the safety and economic points of view. In this study, a multiple mortar test specimen (W/C:0.4) that had six types of cover thickness was prepared and immerged in flowing seawater for five years. And the effects of cover thickness and immersion years on the corrosion properties of the steel bars were investigated using electrochemical methods such as measuring corrosion potential, anodic polarization curve, and impedance. At the beginning of immersion (0 year), corrosion potentials exhibited increasingly nobler value with increasing the cover thickness. However, after being immersed for 5 years, the corrosion potentials conversely shifted in the positive direction with decreasing the cover thickness. As a result, the relationships between corrosion potential and cover thickness were not in good agreement with each other after 5 years. In addition, after 5 years, the thinner cover thickness, the higher value of impedance at 0.01Hz. It is considered that corrosive products deposited on the surface of the steel bar embedded in mortar specimen in the case of thinner cover thickness played the role as a resistance polarization which resulted in decreasing the corrosion current density. Consequently, it seemed to be somewhat problem that evaluation on the corrosion property in reinforced steel would be estimated by only the corrosion potential measurement. Therefore, it is suggested that we should take into account various parameters such as cover thickness, corrosion potential, and immersed years etc. for its accurate assessment.
Keywords : Cover thickness, Corrosion potential, Anodic polarization curve, Impedance, Resistance polarization
Optimization and Analysis for Surface Roughness of SiCp/Al Metal Matrix Composite by Micro-WEDM
Authors: Geng Xue Song , Wang Yu Kui , Song Bo Yan , Wang Zhen Long
Published: September 2013

The material removal process of SiC/Al particulate (SiCp/Al) metal matrix composite by micro-wire electrical discharge machining (micro-WEDM) is influenced by many factors interaction, which makes the mathematical model of surface roughness (SR) be difficult to obtain effectively. To solve this problem, experimental study method is conducted under the constraint conditions. In this paper, a central composite design (CCD) testing with 3-factor and 5-level is carried out and SiCp/Al metal matrix composite machining test scheme is designed, and then second-order relational model is established between SR and main power parameters (open-circuit voltage, capacitance, and pulse duration) by using response surface methodology. Through multiple quadratic fitting, the quadratic regression mathematical model of SR is obtained. Constrains of actual machining condition upon the parameters are analyzed further. With the goal of reducing SR of SiCp/Al metal matrix composite by micro-WEDM, the parameters optimization model is established. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and its procedure are designed to solve the model. Test proves that the algorithm could achieve optimized process parameters which satisfy multiple constraints rapidly and effectively.