bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids: The effects on the psychophysical well-being of adolescents and adults
Authors: Giulio Perrotta
Published: January 2023

Background: Fatty acids of the omega-3/omega-6 groups are used especially in cases of pregnancy, lactation, and malnutrition. In recent decades, pediatrics has been trying to find out whether the use of omega-3/omega-6 has effects on human growth and neurodevelopment. Aims: Check the state of the art on the use of omega-3/omega-6 type fatty acids in the diet, in adolescent and adult populations. Materials and methods: A total of 72 original articles on the topic of human growth and nutrition in pediatrics have been selected on PubMed through September 2022. Results: In literature, the use of omega-3/omega-6, with greater prevalence in the former group than the latter group, appears to be most effective in hypertension hypothesis, dyslipidemia, and high C-reactive protein values, cardiovascular risk, and neuropathic pain, while appearing to have less impact on neurodegenerative (except in multiple sclerosis) and mental disorders (except in depression). Interesting benefits can be detected when combining omega-3/omega-6 with spirulina algae, chitosan, probiotics, vitamin D, fiber and plant extracts. Conclusion: Significant evidence emerges on the importance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplementation, but important structural shortcomings of research designs still emerge from the published studies; moreover, many studies assume that fatty acid supplementation can have a curative effect on already active diseases, when in fact such prescriptions should be considered as adjuvant therapies to prevent or promote symptomatic regression, precisely because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulating virtues. However, there is no concrete and robust evidence of the positive impact on psychological well-being. Future research that can resolve the critical issues highlighted is hoped to promote a better approach to the topic of omega-3/omega-6 supplementation in human health.
Varsa, E. (2021). Protected Children, Regulated Mothers: Gender and the ‘Gypsy Question’ in State Care in Postwar Hungary, 1949–1956. CEU Press
Authors: Keller Judit Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2023

This article reviews Eszter Varsa's book Protected Children, Regulated Mothers: Gender and the ‘Gypsy Question’ in State Care in Postwar Hungary, 1949-1956. The volume scrutinizes everyday practices of child protection institutions in postwar Stalinist Hungary embedded in the politics and social tensions of the emerging state socialist regime, such as catch-up industrialisation, women’s rising employment rate and an accompanying restructuring of the relationship between paid work and care work, state intervention in the private realm and an assimilationist policy towards those identified as ‘Gypsy’, meanwhile providing  a comparative international  perspective. In this regard, Varsa’s book dovetails with ongoing academic discussions of recently renewed political interest in children and parental practices evidenced in the collection of articles in this special issue.
State intervention and parenting in CEE and beyond
Authors: Szőke Alexandra , Kovai Cecília
Published: January 2023

The articles in this special issue explore the various ways this renewed interest in children and intensified state interference into family life have influenced parents, professionals and child-focused institutions. Each paper uses rich empirical material, drawing on qualitative research, thus offering insights into the mechanisms through which such interference works and the ways it influences daily practices (of both parents and professionals), parental choices and parents’ self-perceptions. The special issue accommodates examples from various European countries, which help illuminate the ways these currently dominant trends materialize in different institutional, socio-political and historical contexts. The papers remark the above explained changes in the approach to parenting, each revealing the various ways it influences policies, parents, professionals in the specific national contexts.
Attitudes and relations between the Slovak majority and the Hungarian minority in Slovakia
Authors: Kanyicska Belán Dóra , Popper Miroslav
Published: January 2023

The article concerns relations between Slovaks and the Hungarian minority in Slovakia. The aim of this study is to determine current Slovak attitudes towards the Slovak Hungarians and to analyse differences in attitudes held by Slovaks in regular direct contact with the Hungarian minority and those with almost no contact. Another aim is to map current attitudes among the Hungarian minority towards the Slovak majority, and to find out how Slovak attitudes are perceived by the minority. The data collection methods were a survey (N = 107) and focus group interviews (N = 36). The results show that Slovaks in regular contact with Slovak Hungarians have significantly more positive general feelings, are less socially distant, and feel less anxious about the Hungarian minority than Slovaks with almost no contact. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of trust and behavioural intention. Group interviews with Slovaks and Slovak Hungarians showed that the biggest obstacle in relations between Slovaks and the Hungarian minority is first language use and the language barrier.
Accompanying parents through early childhood: The pastoral work of Mothers’ and Fathers’ Advisors
Authors: Preissler Laura
Published: January 2023

This paper explores expert guidance of parenting in Switzerland and discusses the work of the mothers’ and fathers’ advisors (MVBs), a state-funded service providing counselling to parents of preschool children. The data presented here draws upon ethnographic research which investigates parenting as a site of ‘governance’. Based on semi-structured interviews as well as participant observation with MVBs and parents, this paper examines (power) relationships between early childhood experts and parents. The findings demonstrate that the practices deemed appropriate for the surveillance and guidance of parenting today are a clear example of what Michel Foucault dubbed ‘pastoral power’ and include the gathering and archiving of information, as well as hierarchical observation. Reconnecting insecure or overly intellectual mothers with their ‘maternal instincts’, which some advisors felt were at risk of being lost, involves the facilitation of technologies of self. The paper also explores ‘resistance’ against pastoral care, which is not necessarily perceived as well-intentioned or helpful by parents, who may strive not to implement advice or completely reject ‘accompaniment’ by advisors.
The Chinese model of development: A special East-Asian path of development for avoiding the middle-income trap?
Authors: Szunomár Ágnes , Peragovics Tamás
Published: January 2023

Over the past couple of years, China has made formidable efforts to shift to new sources of economic growth, modernise the structure of its economy, accumulate human capital, and boost local innovation in order to graduate to a high-income economy. However, the pace of growth has slowed down in the past few years, entailing the risk of the country being stuck in a so-called middle-income trap (MIT). This paper reviews China's chance of avoiding the MIT by analysing four groups of factors – three quantitative and one qualitative – and using Japanese and South Korean development as reference points. The paper concludes that China is likely to be able to avoid the MIT and is expected to move into the high-income (HI) band within 7–8 years thanks to its achievements and structural reforms that have already begun. However, the paper also raises the question whether China will be able to avoid the ‘post-trap’ situation – the high-income trap – that has already trapped Japan and South Korea in the HI band.
Care as symbolic exile: The diversity work of Slovak gender studies scholars
Authors: Valkovičová Veronika , Maďarová Zuzana
Published: January 2023

In recent years, science has become a battlefield where the lines of the gendered world order are being negotiated. This negotiation cannot be understood without examining the epistemic communities of gender studies – their members, practices, conditions, and the power relations within which they operate. This study aims to enrich the research on gender and feminist scholarship from the perspective of a country with a weak degree of institutionalisation of gender studies. It focuses on the experiences of PhD candidates and early career scholars of social sciences in Slovakia, as narrated in two focus group discussions. We argue that the combination of fragmentation in gender-oriented epistemic communities and the competitiveness of neoliberalised academia pushes junior gender studies scholars to experience isolation, a self-imposed or forced symbolic exile within their institutions and academic communities. However, while the symbolic exile is a space of exclusion, it also is a space of care – for oneself, for others, for one’s institution. The study conceptualises these practices of care as ‘diversity work’ and examines them as both initiatives of individual scholars and invisible everyday labour that maintains the presence of gender-oriented scholarship in an academic environment marked by limited institutionalisation of gender studies.
Warming up narratives of community: Queer kinship and emotional exile
Authors: Ali Ali
Published: January 2023

This text tackles questions of what makes a community and belonging possible and sensible. Rather than focusing on a specific community, it centers the ongoing collective living and communality at work in constructing and deconstructing narratives of belonging. The text is based on a year-long ethnographic fieldwork in gender-political communities in Helsinki, among people whose state-authorized residence in Finland is (sought to be) recognized based on the need for protection from sexuality- and gender-based violence in communities of origin/departure. I begin with narratives that participants mobilize to make sense of belonging to a given community or collective (queer, multicultural, Finnish/European) and non-belonging to another (community of origin). Then, I discuss possibilities of affinity, alliance and politics that rethink normative/restrictive structures of identification and othering/exclusion. I foreground queerhood for 1) its praxis of problematizing normative boundaries of communities, 2) its juxtaposition of the intimate and the communal to mobilize vulnerability as transformative to violent structures. I argue that the precarity of queer racialized exiles might entail strategic, but possibly complacent, investment in racializing norms. This precludes consideration of unjust structures in the desired society of settlement. However, the realm of precarity opens to (re)consideration and contestations of the norms and terms of belonging to the idealized desired (Finnish/European/multicultural) community. Scholars have highlighted that experiencing racializing queer-political milieus induces shifts in racialized queers’ narratives of belonging and affinity. My ethnography on mundane narratives in the uncertainty and unmooring of exile traces how abstracted and dichotomous/factionalist narratives of community open and warm up to a queerer sense of kinship that is more attuned to considerations of the lived-experience violence to difference (and the different) within and without these boundaries of belonging.
Lived Experience of Iranian Family Caregivers of Tubercular Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mohebbi Zinat , Dehbozorgi Raziye , Setoodeh Giti , Momennasab Marzieh , Heydari Naval , Shaygan Maryam
Published: January 2023

Objective. To investigate the lived experience of family caregivers of persons with tuberculosis.  
Methods. In this study, the method of hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected through online in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine family caregivers of TB patients. The obtained data were thematically analyzed to explain the concept of home care for TB patients through van Manen's 6-step methodology.
Results. After the thematic analysis, three main themes of caregivers'; mental distresses, quality care stasis, andfacilitated care were obtained from 944 primary codes and 11 categories.
Conclusion. Family caregivers of these patients suffer from mental distress. This issue affects the quality and ease of caregiving for these patients. Therefore, policymakers of this area should pay attention to the family caregivers of these patients and attempt to provide support; they should try to improve their quality of life.
Effect of Benson's relaxation technique on caregiver burden in caregivers of hemodialysis patients. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Imanian Mahsa , Ramezanli Somayeh
Published: January 2023

Methods. This is a randomized controlled trial study on 52 caregivers of hemodialysis patients referred an universitary hospital at Jahrom. The caregivers were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, Benson's relaxation was performed twice a day for 15 minutes each time, and continued for one month. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire and standard Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire which was completed by all participants before the intervention and one month after it.
Results. After the intervention, the mean caregiver burden of hemodialysis patients in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001). The results of paired t-test showed that in the intervention group, the mean scores of caregiver burden after the intervention (14.46± 10.91) was significantly lower than before the intervention (38.33±16.94) (p=0.001).
Conclusion. Benson's relaxation method can reduce caregiver burden in caregivers of hemodialysis patients.
Experience of Caring as Source of Abductive Reasoning in Nursing: a Pragmatic Vision
Authors: Soto Lesmes Virginia Inés , Ramírez Niño Jaime Alberto , Bueno-Robles Luz Stella
Published: January 2023

The aim of this reflection article consists in proposing a methodology that makes visible the epistemic practice through abductive reasoning for the generation of knowledge from an experience of caring. For such, the work describes the connections between the science of nursing and inter-modernism, develops the idea of the nursing practice as source of knowledge, and defines the components of abductive reasoning for the practice. Finally, the work presents an academic exercise developed within the framework of the assignment Evaluation of the theory for research and practice in the PhD program in nursing at Universidad Nacional de Colombia on how a theory was developed from a situation of care and its scientific usefulness upon generating in patients a sense of fullness in their health and in nursing professionals, satisfaction with their work.
audiotexto, una forma de oralidad terciaria y una experiencia alternativa de lectura
Authors: Suárez Quiceno Carlos , Castaño Muñoz Wilson
Published: January 2023

A partir de la investigación “El recurso de conversión de texto a voz más allá de la asistencia”, se plantea que la lectura por medio de aplicaciones de síntesis de voz conlleva una doble relación con el texto: auditiva y visual, por lo que se propone denominarla lectura audiotextual. Se trata de un formato textual diferente del tradicional audiolibro, y que debe integrarse dentro de la categoría de oralidad terciaria. En la parte final del artículo se retoman algunos hallazgos de la investigación basados en las percepciones de los lectores audiovisuales, término que también se propone en el presente artículo. Estas percepciones aportan a la comprensión de las condiciones en que se emplea la conversión de texto a voz como una alternativa de experiencia lectora.
Escuela, debilidad y anormalidad. Los niños y niñas del Parque Lezama “desechados” de las escuelas comunes
Authors: Cammarota Adrián
Published: January 2023

El artículo analiza cómo era pensada la anormalidad y la debilidad en el sistema escolar argentino, así como los orígenes y el funcionamiento de la escuela para niños débiles de Parque Lezama (Capital Federal). A inicios de la década de 1910 este espacio funcionó para el ejercicio de la medicina preventiva reservada a los hijos y las hijas de las familias obreras que debido al ambiente, la escasa alimentación o la herencia sufrían las huellas corporales de la debilidad que alteraban el proceso de aprendizaje en las escuelas comunes.
Entre lo bueno y lo impropio. El Patronato de Menores de la provincia de Buenos Aires y su política de asistencia en los años 20
Authors: De Paz Trueba Yolanda
Published: January 2023

La provincia de Buenos Aires puso de manifiesto de manera temprana cierta vocación intervencionista en materia de minoridad abandonada, a través del Patronato Provincial de Menores. De difícil implementación y con un derrotero errático, en la práctica configuró sin embargo una política estatal sobre determinados menores de edad bonaerenses que, como se busca mostrar en las páginas siguientes, avanzó sobre pasos más seguros en la década de 1920. Este artículo explora los factores que influyeron para que los diversos gobiernos provinciales buscaran reorganizar el Patronato, modernizando además las formas de tutela a través del sistema de granjas familiares.
Juan Marchena Fernández (1954-2022): un americanista en Sevilla. In memoriam
Authors: Lenis Ballesteros César Augusto , Montoya Guzmán Juan David
Published: January 2023

La tranquilidad de la mañana del 10 de octubre de 2022 en Colombia fue interrumpida, de manera abrupta, por la circulación, entre amigos y colegas, de una triste noticia: al otro lado del Atlántico, en Sevilla, acababa de fallecer nuestro querido Juan Marchena Fernández. Juan fue maestro de varias generaciones de historiadores de América Latina y de España, a quienes de manera generosa acogió en los programas de Máster y Doctorado de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide, que él mismo dirigía, o simplemente a otros tantos que arribaron a Sevilla buscando conocer los laberintos del Archivo General de Indias y saciar así su necesidad de entender la historia del continente americano.
Memorias del XI Congreso Colombiano de Fitoquímica
Authors: Holguín Martínez Gloria
Published: January 2023

Colombia es reconocida como uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad, lo cual representa un gran potencial de desarrollo, sustentado en el hecho de que los recursos biológicos, genéticos y sus derivados representan la materia prima y pueden ser fuente de nuevos productos con alto valor agregado de creciente interés para la industria y el comercio mundial. En este sentido, y con el objetivo de integrar a la comunidad académica y a las cadenas productivas nacionales a los últimos avances en Colombia en la investigación de productos naturales y sus aplicaciones potenciales en las industrias farmacéutica, nutracéutica, cosmética y agropecuaria, el Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas de la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica de la Universidad de Antioquia, realiza el XI Congreso Colombiano de Fitoquímica, Medelln-2011. El desarrollo de la investigación fitoquímica en Colombia, y el avance en la formación universitaria en esta área de conocimiento y sus potencialidades, se convierten en la llave de oro para el estudio y aprovechamiento de los productos naturales orientado al desarrollo social del país. Por estas razones, se han convocado Centros y Grupos de Investigación e investigadores internacionales y nacionales adscritos a instituciones y entidades públicas y privadas, que aporten con sus experiencias investigativas en algunas de las principales temáticas del Congreso, y nos permitan vislumbrar un futuro mejor. Las temáticas en torno a las cuales versará el Congreso cubren aspectos tales como el aislamiento biodirigido y la bioprospección, la farmacología de productos naturales con nuevas aplicaciones terapéuticas, los aceites esenciales, las aplicaciones de los productos naturales en cosméticos, alimentos y agroindustria, la evaluación analítica de plantas medicinales, la biotecnología de productos naturales, la etnofarmacología y la hemisíntesis de productos naturales. Finalmente, con más de 10 plenarias internacionales y conferencistas nacionales de reconocida trayectoria investigativa en el campo de los productos naturales, con más de 250 trabajos presentados por investigadores de 41 Universidades Nacionales y 13 Internacionales, se pretende que el XI Congreso Colombiano de Fitoquimica, consolide entre los académicos, empresarios y visionarios relacionados con el sector, estrategias para el aprovechamiento sostenible de nuestros recursos naturales.

EDISON JAVIER OSORIO DURANGO

Presidente Comité Organizador

Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas - GISB

Universidad de Antioquia
EVOLUTION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF FRANKFURTER SAUSAGE MODEL SYSTEMS WITH ADDED CHERRY EXTRACT (Prunus avium L.) DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE
Authors: ISAZA M. Yeni L. , RESTREPO M. Diego A. , LÓPEZ V. Jairo H. , OCHOA G. Oscar A. , CABRERA T. Kenneth R.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this work was to establish the antioxidant capacity evolution in a model system of Frankfurter type sausages with added cherry extract through the Folin Ciocalteu, pH differential, FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH methods. Therefore, the total phenol and total anthocyanin contents, the reducing power, and the radical scavenger activity were monitored during a two-month period of storage time in refrigerated conditions (4 ± 1°C). A factorial experimental design was applied with two factors (cherry extract and storage time), and comparative evaluations were made with respect to a product similarly formulated and elaborated without cherry extract but with added sodium ascorbate (0.05%). Results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) with respect to the total anthocyanin content for any sausage with added cherry extract; while total phenols, reducing capacity and radical captive activity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in sausages with cherry extract (for the three doses) than in the case of the sausages with no added cherry extract. Moreover, storage time was significant for all cases, because there was a decrease in all the studied variables related to it.
IDENTIFICATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS, FREE AMINO ACIDS THROUGH CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF THE PASTA FILATA CHEESES KNOWN AS MOMPOSINO
Authors: LONDOÑO O. Myriam , SEPÚLVEDA V. José U. , HIGUERA M. Victor
Published: January 2023

The cheese known as Momposino is a Colombian variety of pasta filata cheese. For this investigation, several cheese-production technologies were identified as follows: techniques 1 and 2, for cheeses elaborated from raw milk (such as autochthonous cheeses): technique 3, for cheeses made with pasteurized milk and with a culture; and technique 4, for cheeses made with raw milk. Volatile compounds and free amino acids were examined through chromatography and sensory evaluation tests performed by the members of laboratory. Cheeses made with techniques 1 and 2 presented more volatile compounds (with 60 and 73 respectively) than the cheeses made with technique 3 (for which 52 volatile compounds were found), and the ones made with technique 4 (which presented 40 volatile compounds). The fat content for cheeses from Technique 1 was 29.8%, 30% for cheeses from Technique 2, 27% for cheeses from Technique 3, and 25% for the ones made with Technique 4. These results lead to conclude that the higher the fat content is, the higher the volatile compound production will be. The volatile profiles that were found include acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons and esters. Through the Thin Layer Chrograthography test, it was found that cheese proteins spread to the following amino acids: arginine, valine, tryptophan, histidine, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, alanine, and cysteine. In the cheeses from all treatments, the most outstanding flavor was the acid flavor, and in the most outstanding texture was the elastic texture. No significant differences were found in the sensory evaluation, for the free amino acids (p>0.05), but free fatty acids and fat did show significant differences (p
ERRATA
Authors: RESTREPO V. Luis G.
Published: January 2023

ERRATA
SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS OF TRICLOSAN AND TRICLOCARBAN IN SOME VOLATILE ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Authors: DELGADO Daniel R. , HOLGUÍN Andrés R. , MARTÍNEZ Fleming
Published: January 2023

Thermodynamic functions of Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy for the solution processes of the antimicrobial drugs Triclosan and Triclocarban in five volatile organic solvents were calculated from solubility values at temperatures from 293.15 to 313.15 K. Triclosan and Triclocarban solubility was determined in acetone, acetonitrile (AcCN), ethyl acetate (AcOEt), methanol (MetOH), and cyclohexane (CH). The excess of Gibbs energy and the activity coefficients of the solutes were also calculated. The Triclosan solubilities were greater than those of Triclocarban in all the solvents studied. At 298.15 K the solubility diminished for Triclosan in the order, acetone > AcOEt > AcCN > MetOH > CH, while it diminished for Triclocarban in the order, acetone > AcOEt > MetOH > AcCN > CH. On the other hand, thermodynamic quantities relative to the transfer process of these drugs from CH to all other organic solvents, as well as from water to organic solvents for Triclosan were also calculated in order to estimate the hydrogen-bonding contributions.
PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR AS A KEY PART IN THE REORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SYSTEMS
Authors: AMARILES MUÑOZ Pedro , RESTREPO VÉLEZ Luis Guillermo , ROSSI Francisco
Published: January 2023

La crisis de los sistemas de salud

Colombia, como otros países de la región y del mundo, efectuó una reforma sanitaria en la última década del siglo XX. Los cambios implicaron la transformación de servicios públicos fundamentados en el financiamiento de la oferta (esencialmente a cargo del Estado, con una organización vertical y una planeación centralizada), en servicios de carácter privado o mixto basados en la “financiación de la demanda” (fundamentalmente en la competencia por el aseguramiento y la prestación de servicios). De forma específica, en Colombia, en 1993, mediante la Ley 100 (1) se promueve un sistema basado en el modelo de aseguramiento, la competencia y la solidaridad redistributiva para financiar a los sectores de la población más desposeídos (Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud –SGSSS) (1).
Referee list
Authors: Vitae Revista
Published: January 2023

Referee list
CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTICARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF TWO FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED AND PURIFIED FROM Brownea ariza Brenth
Authors: GIL R. Juan F. , GÓMEZ B. Milton , TREJOS S. Juanita
Published: January 2023

The growing resistance to anticancer agents has turned medical science and pharmacology towards findingnew compounds with these characteristics; in this area the natural products have great relevance, sincemany of these have anticancer activity. Flavonoids as secondary metabolites have reported anti-tumoractivity and can become important source for cancer treatment; why search isolate flavonoids Browneaariza Brenth to evaluate their anticancer activity. The Phytochemical analysis of leaves of Brownea arizaBrenth. (Caesalpiniaceae) let isolate a flavonol identified as (1), and a glycoside flavonol described asQuercitrin (2). The structures are determined by spectroscopic techniques: UV-Vis with shift reagents; 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, DEPT, HMBC; HMQC), and mass spectrometry. It evaluates thecytotoxic activity in VERO cell (ATCC: CCL-81) and anticancer activity in Myeloma Murino SP2/0-Ag14(ATCC: CRL-1581), doing count the number of viable cells by graduation with tripan blue, obtaining aconcentration cytotoxic average (1) of 300 μg/mL and not determined to (2) in concentrations of work;anticancer activity for (1) has a median effective concentration of 150 μg /mL and not given to (2) inconcentrations of work.
EVALUATION OF PHYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINSTColletotrichum acutatum OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF THYME (Thymus vulgaris), LEMONGRASS (Cymbopogon citratus), AND ITS MAIN CONSTITUENTS
Authors: ALZATE O. Diego A. , MIER M. Gonzalo I. , AFANADOR K. Lucia , DURANGO R. Diego L. , GARCÍA P. Carlos M.
Published: January 2023

Anthracnose of tree tomato, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum, is the major postharvestdisease of this crop in Colombia due to its widespread distribution and economic loss. In the presentwork, antifungal activity against C. acutatum specie with the essential oils (EO) of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), and the main components of the EO, thymol and citral, isevaluated. Experimental result indicates that thymol at a concentration of 125 mg/L and citral at 300mg/L, inhibits completely the mycelial growth during eleven days. Spore germination is affected 100%with lemon grass oil at 350 and 400 mg/L, thymol at 100 and 125 mg/L, and citral at 250 and 300 mg/L,during the period of evaluation of twelve hours. In addition, thymol at 125 mg/L and citral at 300 mg/L,inhibits completely the sporulation of the fungus whereas thyme oil at 350 mg/L shows a lower degreeof affectation. Phytotoxicity evaluations of all materials by applying drops located at the leaf surface ofSolanum betacea to concentrations between 150 and 5000 mg/L, demonstrate that treatments do not induceany apparent damage. Also, foliar spraying complete and systematically every 2 days, for the period of2 months with constant concentration of 1500 mg/L for each evaluated materials, produces no sign ofwilting, deteriorating growth or alteration of the overall development of the plants.
INDONESIA GOVERNMENT GRANTED 7 COMPULSORY LICENCES TO PROMOTE ACCES TO HIV RELATED MEDICINES
Authors: Velásquez Germán
Published: January 2023

“Starting with Malaysia in 2003, many Asian countries are now taking action to promote cheaper medicines through compulsory licensing, with Indonesia being the most recent case. Recent government actions by Indonesia and India to issue compulsory licenses –CL– are extending the trend in Asia to increase access to cheaper medicines for treating serious ailments, especially those related to HIV/AIDS, cancer and Hepatitis B”. In recent years, a number of countries have issued licenses to improve access to medicines, including, Thailand, Brazil, Malaysia, Zambia, Ecuador and India, among others.

Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono issued a decree on 3rd September 2012 that allows the government to use patents for seven HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B medicines. “We will ensure the availability of good quality, safe and effective generic versions of anti-retroviral and anti-viral drugs,” said HM Subuh, Infectious Disease Control Director at the Indonesian Health Ministry, as quoted in The Jakarta Post on 19th October.
PLATELET ANTIAGGREGANTS: MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND USE ASOCIED RISKS
Authors: PALOMO G Iván F. , TORRES U. Constanza I. , MOORE-Carrasco. Rodrigo E. , ALARCÓN L. Marcelo A. , MARAGAÑO L. Patricio J.
Published: January 2023

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world. Next to efforts to reduce thecardiovascular risk factors, several drugs are resorted to decrease morbimortality associated to thesediseases: antihypertensive, antidiabetic, hypolipemiant and platelet antiaggregant drugs are used amongothers.Due to the participation of platelets, not only in the early stages of the atherogenesis but also in theartery thromboses, the use of platelet antiaggregant drugs is very relevant in the primary and secondaryprevention of the artery thrombosis.In this review, after a brief description of the primary hemostasis, aspects of antiplatelet like mechanismsof action and use asocied risks during the last 10 years are adressed. Primarily literature source was www.pubmed.com. The terms used in the search were: platelet antiaggregant, aspirin, dipyridamole,clopidogrel, abciximab, among others, then we searched the full texts of articles of interest and also usedsome hematology books.
A PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT USING A EXPERIMENTAL MIXTURE DESIGN
Authors: PINILLOS M. Juan F. , LOPERA G. Carlos M.
Published: January 2023

The principal aim of this paper is to apply the experimental design of mixtures to formulate a solid dosage form (ibuprofen) through the study of the excipients and their proportion in the formulation. Besides it shows to the research and development teams in the pharmaceutical national companies how they can use statistical tools like the experimental design of mixtures to obtain a product with the required characteristics. The optimization of this one reduces not only the costs of investigation but also the costs of production. The experimental design of mixtures allows to typify the performance of the ibuprofeno formulation from the pharmatechnic point of view, as well as the angle of rest, hardness of the nucleus and friability. Besides Carr’s’s index, characterizing a surface of response that allows an efficient utilization of this methodology for the resolution of the problem of formulation. The angle of rest shows that it is necessary to improve the fluency of the formulation to guarantee a correct filling of the counterfoils in the rattling process on an industrial scale. The parameters of hardness and friability show that the formulations are correct and that it is possible to continue with a process to optimize the formulation.
STUDY OF MATRIX EFFECT IN PESTICIDE ANALYSIS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: AHUMADA F. Diego A. , GUERRERO D. Jairo A.
Published: January 2023

In order to study the matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement (matrix effect), we selectthree different types of biotic matrices (Lactuca sativa L., Physalis peruviana L. and Solanum tuberosum)and a group of pesticides of different physicochemical characteristics including organochlorine,organophosphorus and pyrethroids pesticides. These pesticides are determined by gas chromatographyby electronic microcapture detector (μECD) and nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD), coupled inparallel. This study evaluates the matrix effect by analysis of covariance and linear regression. There arenearly 75% of the studied pesticides which have variations in the chromatographic response compared tosolvent signals. Furthermore, we notice that the nature of the matrix affect the chromatographic responseof 18 of the 33 pesticides and the amount of matrix injected affects the response of only 13 pesticides.
Editorial
Authors: Carvajal de Pabon Luz Marina
Published: January 2023

Un equipo decidido, riguroso y comprometido con la calidad, ha logrado en el transcurso de unos pocos años y bajo un liderazgo asertivo, obtener el reconocimiento nacional a esta publicación científica que honra a la Facultad de Química Farmacéutica y que nos compromete con la perseverancia en la acción que hemos emprendido como colectivo.
PRODUCTION OF MONOGLYCERIDES FROM CASTOR OIL USING CRUDE AND REFINED GLYCERIN. STUDY OF THE MAIN VARIABLES OF THE PROCESS
Authors: CARDONA V. Sandra M. , GONZÁLEZ C. Rodrigo , FRANCO C. Alexander , CARDEÑO L. Fernando , RÍOS Luis A.
Published: January 2023

Monoglycerides are widely used as emulsifiers in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this article was reported the production of monoglycerides from castor oil, by glicerolysis reactions, using USP glycerine and crude glycerol derived from a palm-biodiesel production process. Metalic hydroxides and lead oxide were used as basic catalysts, while lead acetate was used as acid catalyst. Results showed that the lead-based catalysts exhibited higher conversions to monoglycerides respect to those based on sodium, potassium and calcium. We found that a high molar ratio oil/glycerol was a determinant variable that favors high concentrations of monoglycerides. Ultimatelly, it was shown that it is feasible to use crude glycerol for the production of monoglycerides, although in this case the concentration of monoglycerides is reduced 20% due to the poisoning of the catalysts.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF TINIDAZOLE IN ACETONE AT 25°C
Authors: CASTILLO María V. , CHECA María A. , MANZUR María E. , FERRETTI Ferdinando H. , VARGAS Edgar F. , MARTÍNEZ R. Fleming , YURQUINA Alicia
Published: January 2023

Tinidazole is an anti-parasitic drug widely used nowadays in therapeutics. Nevertheless, it has not been well characterized from a physicochemical point of view. In this context, by means of optical experimental methods and dielectric spectroscopy applied to diluted solutions of Tinidazole in Acetone, molar polarizations of the solute, 0P2, and the solvent, 0P1, and the average dipolar moment of tinidazole associated to acetone, were estimated, resulting in 9.18 D. Since this value is higher than the theoretical m of the two main conformers of isolated tinidazole, that is, 3.22 and 4.29 D, respectively, the formation of interactions between the solute and the solvent is assumed. An effect of intermolecular association by van der Waals and hydrogen bond interactions conducting to a modification of the partial molar volume of the solute is thus expected. From the experimental and analysis by using the Halverstadt-Kumler’s method, it can be seen that the partial molar volume had a 24% reduction as compared with the theoretical value, which would confirm the presence of such interactions.
MOLECULAR DOCKING, 3D-QSAR AND DE NOVO DESIGN OF BENZIMIDAZOLES AND IMIDAZOLINES (S)-ISOTHIAZOLIDINONES DERIVATIVES AS PTP 1B INHIBITORS
Authors: GRANADOS R. Judith C. , ARIAS P. Elsa R. , PACHECO L. Dency J. , VALDIRIS A. Verónica , VIVAS-REYES Ricardo
Published: January 2023

A study of the relationship-dimensional quantitative structure (3D-QSAR) with 40 molecules derived from benzimidazole and imidazoline (s)-isotiazolidinonas and their union with the active site of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B using the program GOLD 3.0 was carried out. The molecular supression of the ligands in the grid was performed by the Database Alignment method. The best model formed by combining the esteric field and electrostatic fields of CoMFA, yielded the following parameters: q2 = 0.659 and r2 = 0.997. Using LeapFrog module of Sybyl was possible to generate more than 10,000 new molecules of which 46 showed theoretically a better value of biological activity than their forerunner. The data generated by this study could promote the design of new and more potent PTP 1B inhibitors as agents for the treatment of diabetes.
CHARACTERIZATION OF COLOMBIAN QUESILLO CHEESE BY SPECTROCOLORIMETRY
Authors: RAMÍREZ NAVAS Ph.D. Juan Sebastián , RODRÍGUEZ DE STOUVENEL Ph.D. Aida
Published: January 2023

Rationale: The colour of food is one of the major attributes which affect a consumer’s perception of its quality, and it is also a powerful tool for quality control and marketing. The Quesillo cheese is a typical Colombian cheese. The observed colour in Quesillo cheese is a composite of many contributing factors. Objectives: The objective of the current work was to characterize the colour of Quesillo cheese using parameters L*, a* and b* of the CIE (Commission Internationale d’Eclairage) system by spectrocolorimetry. Methods: The collection of data with colorimeters was used for the instrumental characterization of colour in Quesillo cheese. Colour parameters L*, a* and b* were measured in triplicate using CIE-LAB space for fourteen commercial Quesillo cheese and seven manufactured cheeses. Using the mean values of colour in the analysed cheeses, parameters of chroma metric (C*), hue (H*), colour differences (ΔE), whiteness index (WI) and yellowness indix (YI) were determined. Results: The general mean values obtained were, L*= 78.13, a*= -0.96, b* = 22.95, C*= 22.97 and H*= 92.38°. These can be estimated as the reference values for Quesillo cheese, which could be used in quality control in the manufacturing process. Different factors are discussed that can change or influence the colour in the final product. Conclusions:
KINETIC RESOLUTION OF (R,S)-METHYL MANDELATE BY IMMOBILIZED LIPASE PREPARATIONS FROM Candida antarctica B
Authors: CRUZ Jenifer , TORRES Rodrigo , ORTIZ Claudia
Published: January 2023

The development of methodologies for obtaining chiral compounds constitutes a major challenge on current chemistry. In this context, kinetic resolution catalyzed by lipases represents an excellent alternative. In homogeneous media, these enzymes display an equilibrium between two conformations (open and closed form), that can be displaced towards an open conformation (active form) in presence of hydrophobic supports. In this article lipase from Candida antarctica B (CAL-B) was purified and covalently immobilized onto Eupergit C epoxy supports (EC), Eupergit C activated with other functional groups and octyl-agarose supports. These preparations of immobilized enzymes were used under different pH conditions in the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-methyl mandelate. In this study, EC-amino-CAL-B immobilized derivative was highlighted because it is highly enantioselective at pH 8 (enantiomeric ratio (E) of 52), allowing to obtain an R-enantiomer from mandelic acid with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 96%.
APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES OF THE ΒETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKER PROPRANOLOL-HCl IN AQUEOUS MEDIA AT SEVERAL TEMPERATURES
Authors: DELGADO Daniel Ricardo , VARGAS Edgar Francisco , MARTÍNEZ Fleming
Published: January 2023

Propranolol-HCl is a non selective β-adrenergic blocker widely used in the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, the physicochemical information about its volumetric behavior and other aqueous properties is not complete at present. In this context, densities of aqueous solutions of propanolol-HCl have been measured in this research as a function of concentration (from 0.0500 to 0.2500) mol kg–1 at several temperatures, i.e. (278.15, 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K. These values have not been reported earlier in the literature. The apparent molar volumes and partial molar volumes at infinite dilution for the electrolyte drug were calculated. Otherwise, the partial molar volumes at infinite dilution and the partial molar expansibilities for the drug as molecular form were also calculated. The dependence of these properties on temperature is presented. The results are interpreted in terms of several solute-solvent interactions. Ultimately, the reported information can be useful to understand the intermolecular events exhibited by this drug in pharmaceutical and biological systems.
Urban Heritage Rehabilitation: Institutional Stakeholders’ Contributions to Improve Implementation of Urban and Building Regulations
Authors: Ornelas Cilísia , Miranda Guedes João , Breda-Vázquez Isabel , Gallego Guinea Virginia , Turri Alessandra
Published: January 2023

Climate change, natural hazards, and human actions are threatening cultural heritage in urban areas. More than ever, building regulations’ procedures and criteria are essential to guarantee the protection and safeguarding of urban areas and their buildings. These procedures and criteria are crucial to assist stakeholders in decision-making, especially when facing rapid transitions and transformative changes in urban heritage areas. Several institutional stakeholders in charge of urban heritage protection strengthen the need for a better implementation of building regulations through flexible criteria to support intervention procedures in buildings with different features and in different contexts. Under this topic, the present study uses a twofold method. Firstly, the authors analyze and compare the urban and building regulations of three Southern European countries, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, concerning procedures and criteria directed to the built heritage; secondly, they highlight and compare the views of different institutional stakeholders from the same three countries, at different levels (national, regional, and municipal), to understand the impact of the implementation of the regulations on the ground. The findings show the relevance of the institutional stakeholders’ views to improve the regulations and their practice. They highlight the need to promote inventory and cataloging procedures, as well as flexible criteria when dealing with urban heritage buildings.
Nuri Bilge Ceylan ve Zeki Demirkubuz Sineması Özelinde Auteur Teoriye Eleştirel Bakmak: Ekşi Sözlük Yazıları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DİKEN YÜCEL Dilar , YÜNKÜL Kevser
Published: January 2023

Andrew Sarris’in 1962 yılında kaleme almış olduğu Auteur Kuramı Üzerine Notlar adlı çalışmasından hareketle kuramsal bir zemine oturtulmaya çalışılmış olan Auteur teorinin, “İyi bir yönetmeni nasıl tanımlarız?” sorusuna cevap aramış olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Sarris’in bu yaklaşımı temelde, filmleri değerlendirme aşamasında yönetmeni mutlak söz sahibi olarak gördüğü ve filmi oluşturan diğer dinamikleri yok saydığı gerekçesiyle eleştirilmektedir. Çalışmada Andre Bazin, Pauline Kael, Peter Wollen, Robert Stam, James Neremore, Edward Buscombe ve Graham Petrie gibi isimler tarafından geliştirilen eleştirilerin seyirciler nazarında nasıl karşılık bulduğu sorusundan yola çıkılmış ve Türk sinemasının Auteur yönetmenleri olarak kabul görüldüğü düşünülen Nuri Bilge Ceylan ve Zeki Demirkubuz sineması özelinde bir tartışma yürütülmüştür. Teori kapsamında eleştirel yaklaşılan noktalar Ekşi Sözlük üzerinden, her iki yönetmene ilişkin sözlük girdileri vasıtasıyla tespit edilmiştir. Bu aşamada içerik analizi yönteminden faydalanılmış ve tespit edilen girdiler metin analizi yöntemiyle yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ise teoriye eleştirel yaklaşan isimlerin savlarının birçok Ekşi Sözlük kullanıcısı tarafından doğrulandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Revisiting The Oxymoron: A Theoretical Discussion On Public Interest And Public Relations
Authors: AKÇAY Ebru
Published: January 2023

The concept of public interest, which is used as a way for public relations to differentiate itself from propaganda or other negative connotations, is among the basic concepts utilized by public relations practitioners and academics working in the field of public relations. Compliments or criticisms of public relations are generally shaped by the discussion on whether public relations serve the public interest, although there is no direct reference to the concept. While mainstream approaches in public relations claim that public relations serve the public interest and the public interest is the raison d’être of public relations, critical approaches underline that public relations serve the market interest instead of the public interest. This study, which focuses on the public interest debates in the public relations literature with a theoretical discussion over the tobacco, alcohol, gambling, and confectionery industries, aims to examine the relation between public interest and public relations by opening the discussion on the axis of the concepts of dialogue, ethics, and democracy. In this context, the study claims that public relations cannot work the common good due to examples of the aforementioned industries that do not comply with the concept of public interest; however, public relations is a rhetorical instrument that makes corporations appear as if they serve the public interest.
Análise dos itens de múltipla escolha das provas do Enade 2016
Authors: Beltrão Kaizô Iwakami , Mandarino Monica Cerbella Freire
Published: January 2023

Investiga-se se o formato de um item, o nível cognitivo exigido e a posição do item na prova do Enade 2016 afetam os resultados e a probabilidade de anulação. Os itens foram classificados quanto à forma e ao nível cognitivo, com base na literatura e na taxionomia de Bloom. Utilizaram-se medidas da pós-aplicação das provas: índices de facilidade e de discriminação. Para o formato, verificou-se que os itens de asserção-razão foram mais difíceis, os de resposta única tiveram uma capacidade de discriminação em média um pouco maior e um terço dos itens de asserção-razão foi anulado. Quanto ao nível cognitivo, os dois índices têm médias mais baixas nos itens de análise e a proporção de itens anulados desse nível é maior. A hipótese de a posição do item na prova afetar o resultado foi rejeitada.