bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reparación y reconciliación en el sistema normativo Wayuu
Authors: Polo Figueroa Nicolás
Published: April 2017

En este artículo se explica en qué consiste la reparación y la reconciliación en el sistema normativo wayuu. El propósito es visibilizar una práctica de aplicación de justicia que busca restablecer la armonía entre los clanes de esta etnia (localizada en la península de la Guajira, Colombia), cuando esta se rompe por la agresión de uno a otro. Para su logro se muestra cuál es la concepción de impunidad para los wayuu, los efectos de la reparación en la sociedad y cómo se llega a la reconciliación. En general, se pretende demostrar la hipótesis de la investigación de cómo el sistema de normas está sustentado en la cultura de este pueblo.
Empresa, poder e individuo: El neoliberalismo como productor de subjetividad
Authors: Segura Gutiérrez José Miguel
Published: April 2017

En el artículo se indaga por cómo la empresa produce cierta subjetividad en elindividuo, desde la tensión suscitada entre marcos institucionales y prácticas sociales en el contexto neoliberal. Destacando el concepto de empresa como constructo social y aparato de poder, que vía función directiva y toma de decisiones, asegura la configuración de cierto orden social, que a la vez reproduce la lógica de capital -incremento de la productividad y capacidad de consumo-. Esto último, con miras a señalar que en la relación empresa-individuo, no solo es posible un acercamiento económico-administrativo, sino también filosófico y social, frente a las diferentes dinámicas de socialización y procesos de individuación, que estructuran la vida de los individuos al interior del espacio laboral.
A América do sul e o desenvolvimento sustentável: compromissos para a viabilidade do buen vivir
Authors: Zambam Neuro José , Fernandes de Aquino Sérgio Ricardo
Published: April 2017

O continente sul americano tem o compromisso com a afirmação da democracia e a sustentabilidade devido à sua integração cultural e à geografia ambiental. A partir da cultura indígena do buen vivir esta investigação tem como objetivo geral investigar como esta proposta pode trazer outras alternativas às propostas para um desenvolvimento sustentável na América do Sul não contempladas por teorias europeias ou norte-americanas. O método utilizado é o indutivo. No final, verificam-se significativas adversidades para se constituir uma vida digna pelo desenvolvimento sustentável na América do Sul, dentro do trinómio economia, justiça e política, pois qualquer perspectiva sobre o desenvolvimento que se procure como elemento de transformação não pode ser fundada num processo de desmedida exploração de pessoas e ecossistemas.
Las competencias del docente de maestría en universidades colombianas: apreciaciones de alumnos y profesores
Authors: Restrepo Aguirre Jhon Jairo , Navío Gámez Antonio
Published: April 2017

Este artículo muestra los resultados de investigación sobre la visión competencial docente desde la óptica de sus protagonistas: enseñantes y aprendices. El diseño del estudio es descriptivo ex post facto desde la metodología empírico-analítica, compuesta por métodos cuantitativos, a partir de instrumentos como los cuestionarios y fuentes vinculadas con programas de maestría (docentes y alumnos). Su objetivo es analizar la apreciación de los informantes respecto al perfil docente actual y sus necesidades competenciales requeridas, todo desde la tarea docente e investigadora. Los resultados evidencian diferencias significativas que arrojan un conjunto de necesidades para la formación docente. Finalmente se exponen algunas reflexiones para una mejora de la formación de formadores en el contexto analizado.
Antony Flew (2012-2013). Dios existe
Authors: Muñoz Ceferino
Published: April 2017

Antony Flew (2012-2013). Dios existe
Effect of directed energy deposition processing parameters on laser deposited Inconel® 718: Microstructure, fusion zone morphology, and hardness
Authors: Kistler Nathan A. , Nassar Abdalla R. , Reutzel Edward W. , Corbin David J. , Beese Allison M.
Published: April 2017

Single-bead, laser-deposited Inconel® 718 tracks atop substrates of the same composition were studied to ascertain the influence of laser power, processing speed, working distance, and substrate preheat on the fusion zone geometry, microstructure, and hardness. Modifying working distance encompassed both a change in powder flow distribution and beam diameter. Laser power and processing speed linearly affected fusion zone width and area, though laser power was found to have the most significant effect of all processing parameters. Preheating the substrates increased the width of the fusion zone by an average of 16% and led to a more uniform hardness throughout. The fusion zone cross-section was found to morph from semicircular to double-parabolic (wavy) with increasing laser power. This was attributed to surface tension induced Marangoni flow and the influence of surface-activated species on surface tension. The applicability of coupled parameters, including linear heat input and normalized enthalpy were investigated. Given the limited data available on the influence of processing parameters, particularly working distance and substrate temperature, on fusion zone geometry and hardness, results reported here may aid experimentalists and modelers working on cladding and additive manufacturing processes.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN OKSIGEN TERLARUT TERHADAP TINGKAT METABOLISME DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP LARVA IKAN BAUNG Mystus nemurus Cuv & Val
Authors: Tang Usman Muhammad , Affandi Ridwan , Widjajakusuma R. , Setijanto Heru , Rahardjo M. F.
Published: April 2017

The rearing technology of green catfish larvae has not yet established. Hight mortality occurred in the early larval stages. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on metabolic rate and survival rate of green catfish larvae. 3600 green catfish larvae with initial individual mean weights of 1.24 0.19 mg and lengths 5.85 0.71 mm (one day after hatching) were reared in the aquarium of 30 cm x 30 cm x 40 cm dimension. Treatments were done at 3 levels of temperature 27C, 30C, and 33C; and 3 levels of dissolved oxygen 6.47 ml/L, 1.05 ml/L, and 0.78 ml/L and 3 replications. The result showed that temperature and dissolved oxygen was significant to the oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption of 0.67 0.25 mg O2/h/g and 0.86 0.005 mg O2/h/g was highest in larval reared at 33C and dissolved oxygen 6.47 ml/L for 3 weeks. The higher water temperature the greater the oxygen consumption. The oxygen consumption decline with decreasing dissolved oxygen in the water, indicating an axyconformer type. The temperature was not significant to the survival rate and growth of the larvae. However the effect of dissolved oxygen was significant to the growth rate (Pless than 0.05). Growth rate of 25.69 0.55 percent was highest in larval reared at 6.47 mg/L for 3 weeks.
KARAKTERISTIK GENETIK PADA FAMILI CERVIDAE (Cervus unicolor, Cervus timorensis, dan Axis kuhlii) BERDASARKAN 12SrRNA mtDNA
Authors: Wirdateti Wirdateti , Semiadi Gono , Okayama Toshinao
Published: April 2017

Genetic analysis from three species of Indonesia Cervidae (sambar deer, Cervus unicolor; rusa deer, Cervus timorensis; and Bawean deer, Axis kuhlii) was conducted to analyze their relationship. Tissues and blood from twelve sambar deer, one rusa deer and three Bawean deer were collected and analyzed for 12SrRNA using Primer forward (L1091) and reverse (H1478). The results indicated the amplication of mtDNA were 389 base nucleotide. There were 22 polimorphic sites, which were dominated by transition and gave 9 haplotypes that were 5 in sambar deer, 1 in rusa deer and 3 in Bawean deer.
ISOLASI DAN ANALISIS GEN YANG RESPONSIF TERHADAP CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN PADA TEBU
Authors: Widyasari Wiwit Budi , Sugiharto Bambang , Ismayadi Cahya , Wahjudi Kabul , Murdiyatmo Untung
Published: April 2017

This study was aimed to isolate and identify a gene that was responsive to drought stress in sugar cane variety M442-51, a variety that is widely used in pastures or dry land. Under drought stress, M442-51 showed an enhance expression of several proteins. One of the protein, namely dip22, (drought inducible protein, with a molecular weight of 22KDa) was isolated and analyzed. Amino acid sequence of this protein showed some homology with several stressed related proteins (OsAsr 1 from Oryza sativa leaves, ZM Bss1 of Zea mays leaves, LeAsr 1, LeAsr 2 and LeAsr 3 of Lycopersicum lycopersicon leaves). The 343 bp of dip22-cDNA fragment was obtained using RT PCR from mRNA of sugar cane leaves that has been exposed to drought stress. The results indicated that the gene dip22 plays an important role as a regulatory protein that are usually nested within cytoplasmic matrix or in the nucleus.
ULTRA STRUCTURE OF BAUNG (Mystus nemurus) SPERMATOZOA
Authors: ZA Muchlisin
Published: April 2017

Ultra struktur sperma ikan baung (Mystus nemurus) telah diamati dengan menggunakan transmisi dan imbas elektron mikroskop (TEM dan SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spermatozoa normal ikan baung terbagi atas tiga bagian yaitu; kepala, leher yang pendek, dan bagian ekor. Kepala sperma ikan baung berbentuk bulat yang diseliputi oleh membran sitoplasma, pada bagian leher terdapat mitokondria, sedangkan ekornya bersifat tunggal dan irisan melintangnya menunjukkan bahwa centriol mikrotubulusnya terbentuk atas 9 plus 2 axoneme.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТРЕНИНГОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ АНАЛИЗЕ ПРОБЛЕМНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ
Authors: Абдугаппарова Рахима Махмудовна , Амандыкова Сауле Хамзеевна , Кысмуратова Жумагуль Токтасыновна , Адырбекова Назгуль Алдияровна
Published: April 2017

В статье рассказывается об использовании тренингов для получения эффективных результатов обучения и предлагаются упражнения по выработке навыков анализа проблемных ситуаций. Ценность этих упражнений в том, что обучающиеся эти навыки затем могут использовать на практике.
ПРОБЛЕМА РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ ПЕДАГОГА «РАБОТА В КОМАНДЕ»
Authors: Криштофик Ирина Сергеевна
Published: April 2017

проанализированы в контексте современной образовательной ситуации профессиональные требования к педагогу, охарактеризована компетенция педагога «работа в команде», представлены факторы, препятствующие развитию данной компетенции в образовательной организации, раскрыты на уровне управления образовательной организацией условия и механизмы развития командной работы.
Turbo Codes Performance Optimization over Block Fading Channels
Authors: Babich Fulvio , Montorsi Guido , Vatta Francesca
Published: April 2017

In this paper, the best achievable performance of a turbo coded system on a block fading channel is obtained, assuming binary antipodal modulation. A rate 1/3 turbo code is considered, obtained by concatenating, through a random interleaver, an 8-states rate 1/2 and a rate 1 convolutional codes (CC). The block fading channel model is motivated by the fact that in many wireless systems the coherence time of the channel is much longer than one symbol interval, resulting in adjacent symbols being affected by the same fading value. The fading blocks will experience independent fades, assuming a sufficient separation in time, in frequency, or both in time and in frequency. This channel model is suitable for analyzing, forinstance, wireless communication systems employing techniques such as slow frequency-hopping, as is done in the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM).In such systems, coded information is transmitted over a small number of fading channels in order to achieve diversity. The best coded information allocations over a certain number of fading channels are evaluated, using the Eades-McKay algorithm to generate distinct permutations of a multiset. Bounds on the achievable performance due to coding are derived using information-theoretic techniques. In particular, in the paper an analytical method is proposed, based on the sphere-packing bounding technique, to assess the achievable performance. Moreover, simulation results are obtained and compared with the theoretical ones.
Ingress Throttling and its Applications in IEEE 802.11 Based MANETs
Authors: Osipov Evgeny , Tschudin Christian
Published: April 2017

One of the stumbling blocks which prevents multihop ad hoc networks from wide deployment is a known problem of unfair bandwidth distribution between competing data sessions. Practically, a combination of the current IEEE 802.11 technology and the standard TCP protocol allows only a couple of up to three hops connections co-exist simultaneously while providing fairly stable and acceptable service to end users. In this article we describe ingress throttling, a resource protection layer which restores fair bandwidth sharing between plain TCP as well as arbitrary UDP sources. We summarize analytical as well as simulation studies of our solution and demonstrate itsapplications for determining scaling limits of ad hoc specificsimulations and evaluating the effect of ad hoc routing onperformance of data communications.
Conveying and Handling Location Information in the IP Multimedia Subsystem
Authors: Mosmondor Miran , Skorin-Kapov Lea , Filjar Renato , Matijasevic Maja
Published: April 2017

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), is a key element in the next-generation network (NGN) converged architecture.Extending the IMS towards provisioning support for locationbased services (LBS) will enable enhanced services and offer new revenues to the operator. Conveying location information in the IMS and connecting the IMS with a positioning system are still open issues. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IMS Location Server (ILS) integrating IMS with a positioning system. From the IMS perspective, the ILS serves as a service enabler for LBS. In order to demonstrate proof-of-concept in enhancing IMS-based services, two prototype service scenarios have been implemented: Location-aware Messaging (LaM), andLocation-aware Push-to-Talk over cellular (LaPoC). Some work has been done by the IETF in the area of location information transport based on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This paper proposes improvements in this area, primarily related to reducing the necessary amount of signaling with the specification of a new type of location filter. We have conducted measurements in a laboratory environment in order to illustrate our proposed solution and verify the benefits compared to existing solutions in terms of traffic load and session establishment time. Furthermore, we present a case study integrating the ILS with the Ericsson Mobile Positioning System (MPS).
VoIP Call Admission Control in WLANs in Presence of Elastic Traffic
Authors: Bellalta Boris , Meo Michela , Oliver Miquel
Published: April 2017

VoIP service over WLAN networks is a promising alternative to provide mobile voice communications. However, several performance problems appear due to i) heavy protocoloverheads, ii) unfairness and asymmetry between the uplink and downlink flows, and iii) the coexistence with other traffic flows. This paper addresses the performance of VoIP communications with simultaneous presence of bidirectional TCP traffic, and shows how the presence of elastic flows drastically reduces the capacity of the system. To solve this limitation a simple solution is proposed using an adaptive Admission and Rate Control algorithm which tunes the BEB (Binary Exponential Backoff) parameters. Analytical results are obtained by using an IEEE 802.11e user centric queuing model based on a bulk service M=G[1;B]=1=K queue, which is able to capture the maindynamics of the EDCA-based traffic differentiation parameters (AIFS, BEB and TXOP). The results show that the improvement achieved by our scheme on the overall VoIP performance is significant.
Mobile Phones as Sources of Electromagnetic Interference
Authors: Skrzypczynski Jacek , Roje Vesna , Lamedschwandner Kurt , Antonijevic Sinisa , Stefan Cecil
Published: April 2017

The paper deals with a problem of interference as a result of the mobile phone coupling into the cabling of a complexsystem. The phenomenon has been simplified to a problem of near field coupling between a radiating antenna and a wire placed near a metal plate in an open area. Numerical simulations based on Methods of Moments have been performed for various lengths of the wire, for different distance between the wire and the plate, and for three polarizations of the antenna. The results for the voltage induced at the cable termination have been obtained while the antenna has been moving along the full length of the wire. Good agreement of the simulation results obtained bydifferent approaches and different computer codes has beenfound. The simulation results have been checked experimentally.
Transient Analysis of Grounding Systems Associated to Substation Structures under Lightning Strokes
Authors: Harrat B. , Nekhoul B. , Lefouili M. , Kerroum K. , Drissi K. El khamlichi
Published: April 2017

In this paper we propose a new formalism for analyzing the transient behavior of grounding systems associated to substation structures (Faraday-cage) under lightning strokesin unsettled regime. The protective device to study is formed of a guard filet connected to a grounding grid by simple conductors called down conductors. Our formalism is based on the resolution of the propagation equation in potential on 3D. The purpose of our proposition is the direct analyzing in time domain and simple implementation. We compare the results obtained by this new approach to results published in literature.
FAKTOR ADOPSI INTERNET MARKETING UNTUK USAHA MIKRO DAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) DI KABUPATEN KUDUS DENGAN SEM (STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL) DAN FRAMEWORK COBIT 4.1
Authors: Supriyati Endang , Iqbal Mohammad
Published: April 2017

ABSTRAK Pemasaran melalui internet merupakan strategi baru dalam era teknologi informasi saat ini. Teknologi informasi diarahkan untuk mendukung proses bisnis utama dan pendukung yang ada di Usaha Mikro Dan Usaha Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada UMKM di Kab Kudus yang bergerak di bidang konveksi dan kerajinan bordir. Analisa terhadap Tata Kelola TI diperoleh Domain COBIT yang sesuai yaitu PO5 (Mengukur Investasi TI). Indikator yang dianalisa adalah indikator penggunaan internet marketing. Dari identifikasi ini, kuisioner disebar ke UMKM. Pendekatan Struktural Equation Modeling (SEM) digunakan untuk menganalisa secara empiris tentang faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan penggunaan internet marketing dalam memasarkan produk UMKM. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa korelasi Internet Marketing dengan PO5 cukup kuat (-0,358) akan tetapi arahnya negatif sehingga semakin kecil pengaturan investasi TI semakin kecil juga penggunaan Internet Marketing. Kata Kunci : UMKM, Internet marketing, COBIT, PO5, SEM
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF ISOPULEGOL FROM CITRONELLAL CATALYSED BY ZEOLITE BASED SOLID ACID CATALYSTS
Authors: Adilina Indri Badria , Agustian Egi
Published: April 2017

Zeolit alam (NZ) telah dimodifikasi dengan penambahan asam (H-NZ) dan diaplikasikan sebagai katalis asam padat untuk green sintesis isopulehol dari minyak sereh wangi. Sintesis ini menlibatkan reaksi siklisasi sitronelal menjai disopulegol pada suhu 50 sampai 120oC. Aktivitas katalis H-NZ terbukti lebih tinggi dari katalis H-ZSM5 yang tersedia di pasar dan lebih unggul dari katalis asam padat berbasis bentonit. Perolehan terbaik sebesar 87% isopulegol diperoleh menggunakan katalis H-NZ pada 100oC selama 3 jam tanpa penggunaan pelarut reaksi.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN MELALUI MODEL PEMASARAN RELASIONAL UNTUK KOMODITAS WORTEL (Studi Kasus di Klaster Agribisnis Sayuran)
Authors: Sadeli Agriani Hermita , Utami Hesty Nurul , Djuwendah Endah
Published: April 2017

Kondisi pasar dan persaingan antar pelaku usaha agribisnis sayuran yang semakin ketat menuntut petani untuk melakukan berbagai upaya strategi bisnis untuk memenangkan persaingan diantaranya dari sisi strategi pemasaran melalui pemasaran relasional. Membangun pemasaran relasional dengan stakeholder termasuk konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Klaster Agribisnis Sayur Kelompok Tani Katata yang terletak di Kampung Cinangsi, Desa Margamekar, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan di kelompok tani ini karena berlokasi di sentra sayuran dan mengembangkan komoditas wortel sebagai komoditas utamanya. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan Kelompok Tani Katata dengan semua pemangku kepentingan berdasarkan enam pasar. Model ini akan mengidentifikasi potensi petani wortel dalam hubungan dengan pemangku kepentingan dari domain enam pasar serta pertukaran nilai antar pelaku. Pihak yang mempengaruhi kelompok tani berada pada keenam pasar dan tercipta pertukaran nilai dalam jaringan. Strategi yang diterapkan harus mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kolaborasi dalam pertukaran nilai dalam jaringan.
Playing the Long Game: Some Pros and Cons of Working Collaboratively
Authors: Burton Rebecca
Published: April 2017

Rebecca Burton draws on her experience to construct a list of pros and cons with regard to working collaboratively within the realm of theatre as a means to bring about sociopolitical change. Burton concludes that the pros outweigh the cons, but patience is a necessity, as are clearly defined divisions of labour, while adaptability helps ensure success and sustainability.
Changes of Eggshell Characteristics during Embryo Development in Western Capercaillie (Tetrao Urogallus)
Authors: Rosenberger Joanna , Deeming Denis Charles , Łukaszewicz Ewa , Kowalczyk Artur
Published: April 2017

The influence of a developing bird embryo on eggshell thinning is well known, however this phenomenon has been described mainly for poultry, and in wild birds is poorly understood. This study focussed on Capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus), in which the effect of a developing embryo on the change of eggshell thickness has not been described. However, problems relating to a large number of dead embryos and eggs cracking during incubation are observed in captive breeding centres giving us the opportunity to test how the developing embryo affects the eggshell and thereby its properties, including eggshell strength and thickness. In total, 196 unhatched eggs, including 146 infertile and 50 eggs with embryos which died at various stages of development, were analysed in relation to eggshell shape, thickness and strength. Moreover, 102 posthatched eggshells were also examined. Although the strength of eggshell was affected by egg shape and shell thickness, contrary to expectations, the stage of embryonic development had no significant influence on eggshell strength. As has been demonstrated in other species, etching of eggshells by the developing embryo reduces shell thickness in Capercaillie but it has minimal effect on the strength of the eggshell. Egg viability is not compromised during the later stages of development by contact incubation with the female. The eggshell of infertile eggs or eggs containing early-dead embryos were 10% thicker than posthatched eggshells and eggs with late-dead embryos, confirming that eggshell thinning in Capercaillie is typical for precocial species.
Lipopigment Changes in Purkinje Cells in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Dowson J.H. , Mountjoy C.Q. , Cairns M.R. , Wilton-Cox H. , Bondareff W.
Published: April 2017

Cerebellar tissue was examined from 22 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and from an age-matched group of 20 non-diseased subjects. Intraneuronal lipopigment in the bodies of 1344 Purkinje cells (PCs) (32 per brain) was identified by fluorescence microscopy. The mean total area (per PC) of the outlines of discrete regions of lipopigment in a PC perikaryon for the AD-related group of PCs was significantly greater than the mean for the comparison group (p < 0.001). Also, the two groups of PCs showed significant (< 0.05) differences in the mean number (per PC) of discrete regions of lipopigment in 11 size categories. The findings indicate a lysosomal abnormality in PCs in AD. The pattern of size distribution of lipopigment in PCs differed from that previously-reported for neurons of the frontal cortex. These differences may be associated with the absence of senile plaques and the presence of “diffuse” amyloid plaques in the cerebellum in AD
Regional Neuropeptide Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin
Authors: Bissette Garth , Cook Larry , Smith Wayne , Dole Kenneth C. , Crain Barbara , Nemeroff Charles B.
Published: April 2017

Background:

the neuropeptides most consistently reported to be altered in Alzheimer’s disease are corticotropin-releasing factor and somatostatin (somatotropin-release inhibiting factor), although this has been previously assessed in a limited number of brain regions.

Methods:

in order to comprehensively characterize the involvement of these two anatomically distinct neuropeptide systems in Alzheimer’s disease and to determine if they are equally involved in the associated pathology, we measured the concentration of corticotropin-releasing factor and somatostatin in post-mortem brain tissue. Radioimmunoassay of 24 cortical and 13 sub-cortical brain regions from 16 cases of neuropathologically confirmed AD and 9 non-Alzheimer’s disease controls were performed and significant differences in group regional neuropeptide concentrations were sought using the Student Newman-Keuls test after ANOVA.

Results:

comparison of group mean regional neuropeptide concentrations revealed several brain regions where both peptides were decreased in Alzheimer’s disease and some regions where only one of the two peptides were decreased, while still other regions exhibited no changes in either peptide. These changes were principally found in frontal and temporal cortex, with few subcortical regions exhibiting pathologic changes in peptide concentration. Regional peptide content was correlated among peptides and with duration of dementia in several brain regions.

Conclusions:

these data support the hypothesis that the somatostatin- and corticotropin-releasing factor containing neurons are pathologically involved in AD and that the involved neurons are limited to specific areas of the brain.
Activity of Hippocampal CA1 Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease is not Affected by the Presence of Adjacent Neuritic Plaques
Authors: Salehi A. , Pool C.W. , Mulder M. , Ravid R. , Gonatas N.K. , Swaab D.F.
Published: April 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by neuritic plaques (NPs) and neurofibrillary tangles and functionally by a decreased metabolic rate of neurons. Our previous studies showed that in brain areas which are extensively affected by plaques and tangles, i.e. the CA1 area of the hippocampus and the hypothalamic tuberomamillary nucleus, neuronal protein synthetic ability is significantly lower in AD patients than in controls. However, the presence of tangles as shown by Bodian staining appeared not to be directly related to decreased protein synthetic ability of neurons. In order to study to what extent the metabolic function of neurons might be affected by the other neuropathological hallmark of AD, i.e. NPs, which are presumed to contain neurotoxic compounds, we studied eight severely demented AD patients matched for the ApoE genotype (ApoE 3/3). Using an image analysis system, the size of the neuronal Golgi apparatus (GA) and of the cell profile area was measured as a parameter for protein synthetic activity in the CA1 area of these patients. NPs were stained by Bodian, and subsequently the distance of each neuron with an immunostained GA to the nearest NP was measured. Our results showed that neither NP density nor the distance between NPs and neurons correlated with the protein synthetic ability of neurons as judged by the size of the GA. Based on these results we suggest that in AD the presence of NPs and decreased neuronal protein synthetic ability are basically two independent phenomena
Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease: Where's the Smoke?
Authors: Pauly James R.
Published: April 2017

Receptor binding studies have uniform-ly found a significant reduction in the density of neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors in postmortem tissue obtained from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pa-tients. Nicotine is widely recognized as an pharma-cological agent that facilitates cognitive performance in human smokers as well as preclinical models utilizing rodents or non-human primates. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have consistently shown that the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and Parkinson's Disease is lower in cigarette smokers than age-matched controls. These findings have prompted speculation that brain nicotinic receptors could be important therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's Disease. However, many questions remain with regard to the specificity and significance of the findings that have been reported with brain nicotinic receptors and AD. Few studies have controlled for the potential influence of cigarette smoking, which increases the density of nicotinic receptors in human smokers. Questions also remain concerning alterations in individual nicotinic receptors subtypes as well as the regional variability of the deficits previously reported in AD. Therefore, although the findings related to nicotinic receptors and AD to this date are intriguing, they appear to have raised more questions than they have answered.
Tau Protein in Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Brain: An Update
Authors: Johnson Gail V.W. , Hartigan Judith A.
Published: April 2017

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that, in a hyperphosphorylated form, comprises the main component of the paired helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles found in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brain. It is therefore important to understand the normal functioning and processing of tau protein, and the abnormal posttranslational processing of tau in AD pathology. In 1996, Johnson and Jenkins reviewed the literature on the biochemistry, function, and phosphorylation of tau in normal and AD brain. Since that time, numerous publications have come out further elucidating the properties of tau. The present review updates the topics originally covered in the 1996 review, as well as presents a number of new topics. For example, mutations in the tau gene have been found in several non-AD, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders that exhibit extensive neurofibrillary pathology. In addition, there is increasing evidence that tau may be involved in signal transduction, organelle transport, and cell growth, independent of its microtubule-binding functions. Taken together, the research reviewed here demonstrates that tau is a very complex protein with various functions that are intricately regulated. It is clear that more research is required to completely understand the functions and regulation of tau in normal and AD brain.
Characterization of the human α-synuclein gene: Genomic structure, transcription start site, promoter region and polymorphisms
Authors: Xia Yu , Saitoh Tsunao , Uéda Kenji , Tanaka Seigo , Chen Xiaohua , Hashimoto Makoto , Hsu Leigh , Conrad Chris , Sundsmo Mary , Yoshimoto Makoto , Thal Leon , Katzman Robert , Masliah Eliezer
Published: April 2017

The human NACP/α-synuclein gene has been cloned. This gene consists of 6 exons ranging in size from 42 to 1110 bp. The translation start codon ATG is encoded by exon 2 and the stop codon TAA is encoded by exon 6. The non-Aβ component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC) is encoded by exon 4. The two previously reported minor isoforms of NACP/α-synuclein, NACP112 [29] and NACP126 [6], are alternatively spliced products, in which exon 5 and exon 3 are spliced out, respectively. Exon 1 was found to have different splicing sites, producing different 5'-untranslated sequences in the cDNAs. A previously reported dinucleotide repeat polymorphic marker has been mapped to 8kb upstream of the transcription start site. A highly TC-rich sequence in intron 4 was found to be polymorphic by length and four alleles, A0, A1, A2 and B have been identified in the Caucasian population. Genotyping this polymorphism among pure Alzheimer's, Lewy body variant and Parkinson's subjects and aged normal control subjects did not reveal any significant differences.
RETRACTED: Potential Mechanisms Linking Cholesterol to Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology in Rabbit Brain, Hippocampal Organotypic Slices, and Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Ghribi Othman
Published: April 2017

This article has been retracted, and the online PDF has been watermarked “RETRACTED”. A retraction notice is available at DOI: 10.3233/JAD-239016.
Differential Accumulation of Secreted AβPP Metabolites in Ocular Fluids1
Authors: Prakasam Annamalai , Muthuswamy Anusuya , Ablonczy Zsolt , Greig Nigel H. , Fauq Abdul , Rao Kosagisharaf Jagannatha , Pappolla Miguel A. , Sambamurti Kumar
Published: April 2017

Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulates in several types of retinal degeneration and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but its source has been unclear. We detected the neuronal 695 amino acid form of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) in the normal retina and AβPP751 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and anterior eye tissues. Similar to the brain, a- and β-secretases cleaved AβPP to soluble derivatives (sAβPP) a or β and membrane-bound C-terminal fragments a or β in the retina and RPE. Levels of sAβPP were particularly high in the vitreous and low in aqueous humor revealing a molecular barrier for AβPP. In contrast, Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were only 50% lower in the aqueous than the vitreous humor, indicating relatively barrier-free movement of Aβ. These studies demonstrated a relatively high yield of AβPP and Aβ in the ocular fluids, which may serve as a trackable marker for AD. In addition, failure of free clearance from the eye may trigger retina degeneration in a manner similar to Aβ-related neurodegeneration in AD.
Environmental Factors Regulate the hlyE Gene Expression in Both S. typhi and E. coli in a Similar Way to Display Haemolytic Activity
Authors: Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Shamma Farah , Ahsan Nazmul , Islam Moutusee Jubaida
Published: April 2017

Haemolysin (HlyE) is an essential virulence factor of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria. Although, a substantial degree of haemolytic activity is not seen under normal culture conditions in these organisms, however, the non-haemolytic E. coli K-12 showed significant haemolytic activity under stress conditions. To confirm this phenomenon in other enteric bacteria, in this study, the production of haemolysin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi under stress conditions, like oxygen and glucose starvations in vitro was investigated during March-December 2015. For this, S. typhi was cultured under oxygen or glucose starvation condition separately and this organism showed high haemolytic activity. The activity was found to be much higher when both the conditions were applied together. Also, the role of the transcription factor SlyA of S. typhi was investigated on induction of haemolytic activity. When E. coli K-12 was transformed with plasmid containing the gene of SlyA, the recombinant bacteria without any starvation condition, also showed similar haemolytic activity that was exhibited by S. typhi grown under oxygen and glucose starvation conditions. All these findings suggest that both environmental factors like oxygen or glucose starvation and overexpression of the transcription factor SlyA have important role in inducing hlyE gene expression in S. typhi.
The Effects of Acute Stress on Memory, Attention and Cognition in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: Hossain Md Monir , Naznin Shahnaz , Sen Dolly , Fariba Mahnaz Hossain
Published: April 2017

The study was designed to investigate the effects of an acute naturalistic stressor, namely, examination of stress on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteers. Fifty-three students participated in this study. All the volunteers were assessed for their neuropsychological states, which are memory, attention and cognition, during non-examination and examination period. The neuropsychological tests used in this study were- logical memory test, digit span test, letter cancellation test, trail making test and Stroop test. It was revealed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the score of logical memory II, backward and total score of digit span, time taken to complete letter cancellation test and score in part C of Stroop test in the exam period. The present study thus demonstrated that acute naturalistic stress improves attention while impairs delayed memory retrieval and cognition.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 14-19, 2017
Improving Micromeritic Properties of Ibuprofen: An Agglomeration Approach
Authors: Islam Md Sazzadul , Pathan Md Saiful Islam
Published: April 2017

Ibuprofen is one of the common NSAIDs having poor water solubility, low dissolution, weak flow properties and reduced compressibility. These downsides of ibuprofen crystal upraise crucial challenges during development of a dosage form. The aim of this present work was to modify the physical form of ibuprofen by changing micromeritic properties. Seven different formulations of ibuprofen agglomerates such as F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4, F-5, F-6 and F-7 were prepared to convert the needle shaped ibuprofen crystals into agglomerates so that the desired micromeritic properties can be achieved. In this study, agglomerates of ibuprofen were prepared by Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) method in association with two surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphateand Tween 80) at three different concentrations for each. The micromeritic properties of the prepared agglomerates were evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, Carrs index, Hausners ratio, angle of repose along with the release behavior of agglomerates. From dissolution study, it was observed that the release of drug was directly proportional to the surfactant concentration. Here, it was also revealed that there was no interaction among ibuprofen and other excipients as evident from DSC and FTIR studies.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 90-98, 2017
Applications of Aptamers in Medicine: A Mini Review
Authors: Nahar Nusrat , Rashid Ridwan Bin , Rahman Mohammad Sharifur
Published: April 2017

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that bind to its target with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are an attractive class of carrier molecules because of their tissue penetration capability, high chemical flexibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity and cost effective production. These characteristics make aptamers an alternative to the antibody. An aptamer can be developed for the treatment of age-related macular degeneracy disease, blood clotting, cancer and auto-immune diseases etc. Macugen is so far the only aptamer-based drug that received FDA approval. Cancer patients are treated by targeting two proteins named nucleolin and CXCL12. Targeted delivery of aptamers has been successfully developed that reduce the occurrence of the unwanted off-target effects. Aptamers are susceptible to renal filtration and endonuclease cleavage. Conjugation with PEG or cholesterol and chemical modification can decrease renal clearance and increase serum stability.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 99-104, 2017
Are formalised implementation activities associated with aspects of quality of care in general practice? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Le Jette V , Lykkegaard Jesper , Pedersen Line B , Riisgaard Helle , Nexøe Jørgen , Lemmergaard Jeanette , Søndergaard Jens
Published: April 2017

Background

There is a substantial variation in how different general practices manage knowledge implementation, including the degree to which activities are collectively and formally organised. Yet, it is unclear how these differences in implementation activities affect quality of care.

Aim

To investigate if there are associations between specific formalised knowledge implementation activities and quality of care in general practices, exemplified by the use of spirometry testing.

Design & setting

A nationwide cross-sectional study combining survey and register data in Denmark.

Method

An electronic questionnaire was distributed to GPs, and data on spirometry testing among first-time users of medication against obstructive lung diseases were obtained from national registers. Associations were investigated using multilevel mixed-effect logit models.

Results

GPs from 1114 practices (58%) responded, and 33 788 patients were linked to a responding practice. In partnership practices, the frequency of interdisciplinary and GP meetings affected the quality of care. Interdisciplinary and GP meetings held on a weekly basis were significantly associated with a higher level of quality of care and this was measured by the odds ratio (OR) of patients having spirometry. The development of practice protocols and standard recordings in the electronic medical record (EMR) for a range of disease areas compared with few or no areas at all also impacted the quality of care level provided. The effect of formalised implementation activities was not as evident in single-handed practices as in partnerships.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable knowledge for GPs who aim to organise their practice in a way that supports implementation and quality improvement most effectively. Also, results may be useful for managers of implementation strategies and quality improvement initiatives when planning future activities.
Low-salinity Liquid-rich Or Vapor-like Fluids in a Porphyry-type Mo Deposit, South Korea
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Yang Kyounghee , Lentz David , Jeong Hoon-Young , Kil Youngwoo , Hwang Jinyeon , Park Sam-Gye
Published: April 2017

Small porphyry-type molybdenum (Mo) mineralization, the Geumeum deposit in the Gyeongsang Basin, South Korea, is associated with the crystallization of a Cretaceous granodiorite, exsolution of magmatic hydrothermal fluids, and related hydrofracturing. Quartz and molybdenite occur with minor amounts of uneconomic chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, and galena that precipitated from exsolved magmatic fluids and formed hydrothermal fissure-filling vein ores. Three distinct fluid inclusion assemblages responsible for the precipitation of molybdenite are present in the vein quartz. The earliest fluid is represented by low-salinity liquid-rich Type I fluid inclusions, which displayed homogenization temperatures ranging from 298 to 352 °C, and salinities from ∼0 to 9 wt.% NaCl equiv. The Type I inclusions were trapped in a liquid-stable, vapor-absent, one-phase field. The intermediate fluid is represented by CO2-bearing vapor-rich Type IV inclusions, generally showing no visible CO2 liquid phase. These CO2-bearing inclusions totally homogenized by vapor disappearance at 327∼340 °C or vapor bubble expansion at 327∼369 °C, exhibiting near-critical behaviors. The textural relationships and phase equilibria constraints indicate that the Type IV inclusions were derived from a single population, which formed as pressure and temperature fluctuated at near-critical conditions. The latest fluid can be represented by vapor-rich Type II fluid inclusions. No microthermometric data were obtained for these latest assemblages as no visible amounts of liquid phases are evident in small inclusions. Type III inclusions, which commonly refer to halite-bearing inclusions, are absent in the quartz veins studied. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic fluid compositions of the vein quartz (δ18OSMOW = 4.3 to 6.9‰ and δDSMOW = −65 to −84‰ at 400 °C) is consistent with a magmatic origin with a possible slight influence from meteoric water. Molybdenum mineralization at Geumeum is a product of hypogene hydrothermal processes that were strongly fracture-controlled, highlighting the importance of low-salinity liquid-rich to vapor-like supercritical fluids for the mineralization. It seems likely that the magmas responsible for the formation of the deposit at Geumeum were emplaced at greater depths than those reported for economic porphyry copper deposits in the world. The deposit could thus have survived long periods of erosion, and represent the weakly mineralized “base” of porphyry systems in the Gyeongsang Basin, South Korea.
Influence Of The Conditioning Factors Of Cardiac Transplant Patients To The Self-Care Engagement Profile
Authors: Custódio Ires Lopes , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Lopes Marcos Venícios De Oliveira , Matias Érica Oliveira , Cavalcante Luiza Marques , Oliveira Tamires Daianny Araújo de , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Custódio Lívia Lopes , Barbosa Islene Victor , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Neto João David De Souza , Taveira Gedeane Pereira , De Almeida Paulo César , Penaforte Kiarelle Lourenço , Bantas Valquíria Maria De Alencar , Mendonça Larissa Bendo De Araújo
Published: April 2017

Background: This study aimed to identify the conditioning factors that influence the self-care practice of heart transplant patient after discharge and relate the conditioning factors to the Engagement Profile of Self Care.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, undertaken at a transplantation unit of one public hospital, in Fortaleza-Ceará. There was the participation of 63 heart transplant patients.

Results: The majority of the patients were men (88.9%), aged 40-59 years (68.3%), catholic (81.0%), married (77.8%), elementary school (71, 4%), retired or not working (82.5%); income below minimum wage (47, 6%); diagnosis to transplantation was chagasic cardiomyopathy (28.6%), post-transplant time between one and three years (39.7%). The determinant for self-care had significant difference (p<0.05) was the time of transplantation, because patients who have higher scores on Engagement Profile Self-Care had performed transplantation between 3 and 5 years.

Conclusion: The professional team of heart transplant should consider the conditioning factors of patients transplanted cardiac in establishing strategies for promoting self-care.
Categorias intuitivas para o ensino do Cálculo: descrição e implicações para o ensino
Authors: Alves Francisco Regis Vieira
Published: April 2017

A aprendizagem de um indivíduo possui marco inicial e um raciocíniológico-formal ou um raciocínio intuitivo? Se a resposta para tal questionamentoapontar na direção do raciocínio intuitivo surge, pois, um segundoquestionamento: Mas o que é mesmo um raciocínio intuitivo? Com atenção emresponder essa ultima pergunta, e outras que decorrem, de modo natural, adotasea perspectiva de Fischbein (1987), no que concerne a uma proposta dedescrição de categorias para a intuição. Assim, dá-se ênfase em sua significação nocontexto de resolução de problemas. A consideração de tais categorias intuitivasadquire importância na medida em que se propõe uma abordagem que se apóiana tecnologia no sentido de promover a visualização e, consequentemente, aprodução de sentenças proposicionais, oriundas da relação entre sujeito/objeto.Por fim, nos exemplos (integrais generalizadas e o teorema da função implícita)são indicadas perspectivas que atuam no sentido de suavizar os efeitos arbitráriosdo formalismo.
A visão sobre a ciência e cientistas: explorando concepções em um clube de ciências
Authors: De Campos da Silva Patrícia Do Socorro , Dos Santos Sonia Barbosa , Rôças Giselle
Published: April 2017

Clubes de Ciências estreitam a relação entre ciência e estudantes, a partir de atividades que viabilizem a experiência e contato com a ciência e cientistas. Este trabalho explora a compreensão destes alunos sobre a ciência, cientista e o trabalho científico antes e após as ações. Entre os resultados, verificamos uma possível redução do estereótipo acerca do trabalho científico e do cientista e uma visão mais ampla sobre a ciência. Concluímos que a aproximação com a ciência é um dos instrumentos para o enfrentamento de paradigmas, auxiliando na compreensão do papel social, político e ético da Ciência na sociedade. A partir desta vivência propomos a divulgação científica com atividades como ciclo de palestras, visita a laboratórios de pesquisas e discussões acerca da ciência e do trabalho científico. Em nossa experiência, tais ações auxiliaram na compreensão por parte dos alunos, de que a ciência é feita por nós e nos pertence.