bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminization of Old Age and Experiences of Subalternity
Authors: Verma Smita
Published: May 2022

The demographic feature of twenty-first century has been the rise of the aged population, making them socially visible. However, the concern is that an aging world is also a feminized world. But this transition does not hold a very vivid future as the elderly women are the most vulnerable section of the population. They make up for the majority of the poor due to scarce access to education, property, and employment opportunities. Widowhood often leaves them impoverished and victims of abuse. Until recently, aging women have not been considered a subject requiring serious attention in India. Most of the studies on old age have adopted a gender-neutral approach to the problems of ageing. It is a paradox that the feminist movement has marginally addressed this issue even though gender along with social, economic, and political factors has a profound impact on how people age, thus making aging a gendered experience. The question remains why aging has not been taken up as a feminist issue in India. This chapter gives insight into the reasons for their vulnerability.
Socio-Psychological Complexities of Aging in Hill Areas of Upper Kedar Valley of Indian Mid-Central Himalayas
Authors: Nautiyal Annpurna , Bhatt Girish
Published: May 2022

Under the changing socio-economic, cultural, and lifestyle norms, aging has become a global issue. With the advances in healthcare, medical facilities, social security, standard of living, and reduction in mortality rates, the global elderly population is increasing, but their psycho-social problems are also increasing. Indian society like societies of the developed world is also undergoing a transformation due to the forces of rapid modernization, globalization, urbanization, industrialization, and technological innovations. While the communication and information revolution has turned the world into a level playing field, the same forces have also been changing the architecture of the traditional family system and its values in India. This chapter studies the peculiarities of Uttarakhand and was conducted in seven disaster-affected villages of the Upper Kedar Valley of Garhwal Himalayas. Sixty-two respondents of all group population in 60-plus age were selected randomly for assessing the economic, psychological, emotional, and social vulnerabilities, problems, and challenges.
Peri-Urban National Parks as Green Spaces for Recreation
Authors: Koynova Teodora , Koleva Vanya , Dragoeva Asya P. , Natchev Nikolay
Published: May 2022

Little is known regarding the significance for local people of peri-urban national parks as recreational areas. The main goal of the present article is to evaluate the social impact and importance of peri-urban parks for visitors as a green space for outdoor recreation. For this investigation on-site, face-to-face interviews were conducted. The main reason for visiting NP are: “to be near to nature” (64.71%), “to practice sport” (58.09%) and “relaxing” (43.38%). Spending time in NP is considered by most interviewed people to be of crucial importance both for physical (96.32%) and for mental (83.82%) health. It should be noted that high frequency of park visits was reported only by young, employed and well-educated people. Data collected shows that park management plan should encourage low-income groups (unemployed and elderly) to use outdoor recreation as a part of preventive healthcare. The access for older adults, people with disabilities and children to the park should be facilitated. Services like access to clean water, toilets and seating places must be improved. The data from the authors' survey could be useful for the peri-urban national parks development as green spaces for promoting health among all demographic groups of local inhabitants.
The Consequences of Comorbidity, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Stroke at the Functional Level in Elderly People at Home
Authors: Marques Maria do Céu Mendes Pinto , Cano Fátima , Carocinho Marta
Published: May 2022

The objective of this chapter is to identify the consequences of comorbidity, ischemic heart disease, and functional stroke in elderly people at home. Aystematic review using electronic databases—PubMed, Ebscohost, SciELO, and B On—articles published between 2009 and 2016, based on the descriptors (DeCS), was used. The results are presented in the flow diagram generator according to the Prisma statement. For the level of evidence, the authors opted for the JBI grid, and for quality, EPHPP. Sampling was restricted to six articles, three of which were cross-sectional studies, one a cohort study, one a qualitative study, and one a random study. In the home setting, individuals who have suffered a stroke and those with impaired motor ability exhibit greater changes in functionality compared to individuals with ischemic cardiopathy. ICF allows for the analysis of life and health aspects of elderly people with these pathologies. The authors considered important studies with more significant samples and greater scientific evidence.
Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Old Age
Authors: Srivastava Garima , Tripathi Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2022

Sleep complaints are prevalent among older adults. Sleep quality and quantity changes with advancing age. There are changes in sleep patterns that are normal with ageing but many changes are the sign of disordered sleep. Sleep can be divided into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM). Each has unique characteristics that are differentiated by their waveforms on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and by other physiological signals; several physiological age-related changes are thought to produce alterations in circadian rhythms. While there are numerous psychological and social factors contributing to quality and quantity of sleep, specific sleep disorders more prevalent in old age are insomnia, sleep apnea, and rapid eye movement disorder. Non-pharmacological treatment is effective in management of sleep disorders. Cognitive behaviour therapy is most effective to tackle insomnia. Cognitive behavior therapy along with meditation is beneficial for other sleep disorders and a new technique is also emerging: mindfulness.
Aging and Sexuality
Authors: Tekkalaki Bheemsain
Published: May 2022

Sexual health in general and issues of old age sexuality in particular are neglected by laymen and healthcare professionals alike. Contrary to popular beliefs, elderly individuals continue to have sexual desire and sexual activities, and they believe that healthy sexual expression is an important aspect of healthy aging. Sexual problems are more frequently found in the elderly. This chapter describes the various causes of sexual dysfunction, assessment, and management of sexual problems in the elderly.
Aging and Suicide
Authors: Khurana Hitesh , Raj Aishwarya
Published: May 2022

Suicide is a global phenomenon and a potential cause of preventable death. After the young (below the age of 40 years), the elderly compose the second most prominent peak in the graph of suicide attempts and suicide victims. The cause and dynamics of suicidal behavior among elderly are quite different from the younger suicides. There have been different multidisciplinary theories proposed for it. Among all mental disorders, depressive disorders are particularly associated with suicidal behavior. Alcohol use, social isolation, financial difficulties are few unique factors that identify a suicidal elder. Physical illnesses, particularly those marked with pain, increase the chances of suicide. Prevention requires a multidisciplinary approach involving community, adequate and appropriate health services near to the place of victim, legal restrictions on the methods used for suicide such as availability of firearm and insecticides, public policies to take care of the elderly are recommended.
Rural Aging, Demise of the Traditional Family and the Rise of New Family Structures in Rural Turkey
Authors: Hovardaoglu Ozan , Calisir-Hovardaoglu Seda
Published: May 2022

This chapter investigates the influences of rural aging on traditional agricultural production in rural areas in Turkey concerning the traditional family as a social structure of accumulation. Traditional agricultural production in Turkey, which is generally characterized by subsistence farming, relies mostly on the unpaid family worker for survival. The influences of migration tendency of younger family members to urban areas and aging which becomes a physical challenge to remaining family members on traditional family seem to be prevalently studied and argued in the literature. As a new variable, this research focuses on the influences of a specific population, who recently returns to their rural origins from urban areas after retirement. It is found in this research that reverse migration does not only contribute to the increase of elderly population rates in rural settlements and thus rural aging; it also has direct impacts both on agricultural production and traditional family structures.
Falls in Elderly
Authors: Relíquias Tânia Patrícia Cabo , Agostinho Carmen Dolores Roque , Marques Maria do Céu
Published: May 2022

The objective of this chapter is to identify the risk factors and preponderant causes of falls in the hospital elderly inpatients. A survey on the search engines B-on, EBSCO, and Pubmed, followed by an analysis of the title and abstract is done. Afterwards, the authors analyze all the articles with full text available in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. The most common risk factor for falls in the analyzed articles was being aged above 65 years old. More than half of the articles also mentioned intrinsic factors such as mental disorder, mobility disorder, and use of medication. As for extrinsic factors associated with risk of falls, most of the articles mentioned the characteristics of bed/chair and the obstacles associated with the physical/environmental infrastructures. The prevention strategies for this phenomenon must consider each country and care unit specifically as well as the specific characteristics of its patients, aiming to promote the care quality.
Introduction to Precision Agriculture
Authors: Tendulkar Akalpita
Published: May 2022

The global population is increasing at a tremendous speed; thus, the demand for safe and secure food to meet this population is in demand. Therefore, traditional farming methods are insufficient to meet this demand; thus, the next revolution in agriculture is required, which is Precision Agriculture (PA), the Fourth Agriculture Revolution. PA is a technology where the concept of farm management is based on observation, measuring, and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. The technologies used for performing precision agriculture are mapping, global positioning system (GPS), yield monitoring and mapping, grid soil sampling application, variable-rate fertilizer application, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), quantifying on farm variability, soil variation, variability of soil water content, time and space scales, robots, drones, satellite imagery, the internet of things, smartphone, and machine learning. Hence, the current chapter will be emphasizing the overview, concepts, history, world interest, benefits, disadvantages, and precision farming needs.
Urban Sustainable Growth, Development, and Governance Structures for Revitalization of Open Vacant Spaces in Agriculture and Farming
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyzes the implications of urban sustainable growth, development, and governance structures for the revitalization of open vacant spaces in agriculture and farming. After reviewing the extensive corpus of literature on the subject, the authors used the critical socio-ecological analysis methodology to determine the main issues, trends, practices, and implications of the urban vacant spaces in relation to the urban sustainable growth and development, the use of urban vacant land in urban agriculture, farming, and gardening, and the collaborative urban governance structures and revitalization of open vacant spaces. It is concluded that transitional use of vacant land and parcels are to be used and utilized for developing a sustainable green city. However, urban vacant land and parcel spaces are required to be utilized for revitalization purposes to be stimulated. Social-ecological analysis focusing on vacant lots in underdeveloped urban spaces hold potential for urban transformation to meet the social needs and improve the ecological services.
Impact Analysis of Amendment Application Under Diversified Agro-Ecological System
Authors: Kumar Amit
Published: May 2022

In alternative agricultural systems such as organic or low-input farming, farmers can build particular forms of relationships that help sustain ecosystem services and social infrastructure more effectively. The authors discuss many of these relationships, including direct marketing, fair trade certification, and food justice movements. An agroecological approach to improve tropical small farming systems must ensure that promoted systems and technologies are suited to the specific environmental and socio-economic conditions of small farmers, without increasing risk or dependence on external inputs. Here in this chapter, the authors have focused on diversified agro-ecological systems.
Sustainable Urban Agro Ecology and Its Implications With Food Systems
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter has the aim to analyze the implications and interrelationships between a sustainable urban agro ecology and the food system. The beginning assumption of this analytical review considers that sustainable urban agro ecology has positive implications in the development of a sustainable urban food system. The analysis is based on the theoretical and empirical literature review confronted with common spatial-functional observations of urban development and configurations. The analysis concludes that the sustainable urban food system based on agro ecology is growing as an alternative movement towards the building and maintenance of a fairer and healthier urban sustainable environmental development.
Agriculture Livelihood Security
Authors: Nayak Sabyasachi
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes how through the prism of CSR, industry can take a stride in evolving its relationship with the stakeholders. Agriculture continues to remain the mainstay of livelihood for chunk of the population. The sector is drawn with the dual daunting challenges of producing more simultaneously without depleting natural resources. A pilot study is instituted to gain an insight into the CSR-agriculture initiative of the industry. This conceptual chapter has not attempted to triangulate the primary data, focusing on similar issues from other studies. However, the proposed 3D approach: “Diverse Dynamic Dignified,” is an outcome of FGD which provides a framework to take a broader view for wider replication by customizing it to the local conditions. This chapter contributes to the existing literature and advocates that the industry should prioritize agriculture livelihood security in their CSR endeavors.
Historical Development and Restructuring of CAP Towards a Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Demirkol Esin Candan
Published: May 2022

This chapter addresses the changes through the years in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), one of the oldest and most established policies of the European Union, within the framework of the sustainability and environment, and evaluates the impacts of this change within the Turkish agricultural policies. The chapter has three sections. The introduction offers a background knowledge about CAP. In the second section, the reform progress of the CAP is examined through the years. The third section compares economic data on agriculture in Turkey and the EU. Results of the chapter highlight restructuring of CAP towards policies towards sustainability.
Sustainable and Circular Mango Farming Through Redesigning Sales Contracts
Authors: Kumar Santosh
Published: May 2022

Mango orchards in Bihar are managed through four different types of sales contracts, namely fully self-managed, short-tenure sales contract, long-term sales contract, and last quarter sales contract. This study has attempted to appraise the impact of different types of sales contracts on mango yield and farmers' income. Results indicate that last quarter sales contract is most sustainable followed by fully self-managed contracts. The remaining two contracts are neither sustainable nor financially viable. The higher sustainability of the last quarter's sales contract is attributed to clean landholding of the owners, optimal use of flowering inducers (PBZ), and segregated rights of merchants and owners.
Food Security Policy Analysis Using System Dynamics
Authors: Guma Isdore Paterson , Rwashana Agnes Semwanga , Oyo Benedict
Published: May 2022

Food security (FS) challenges exist in both the developed and the developing countries, the difference being the severity and the proportion of the population affected. Previous studies maintain that chronic food insecurity at subsistence farming level has persisted due to a number of factors including unsustainable subsistence agriculture and livelihood policies, lack of inputs, poor conservation methods, weak extension services, unregulated markets, limited land among others. This article investigates FS challenges at subsistence farming level using system dynamics tools. The emerging system dynamics model is conceptualised into four sectors; food production, sales, income and food consumption, representing a real-life food security system. The model is used to evaluate policies for better livelihoods as well as explore strategies for profitable subsistence farming and food security.
Business Models for Urban Farming in and Around Urban Protected Areas
Authors: Popović Vesna , Mihailović Branko M.
Published: May 2022

In the Best Practice Guidelines for Urban Protected Areas, IUCN pointed out that managers of urban protected areas should take advantage of the large numbers of visitors to: demonstrate, facilitate, and promote the many benefits of contact with nature; and make healthy food available and encourage good eating habits. Urban, and particularly urban protected area constraints and opportunities have forced farms to adopt different business models or to combine elements of different business models to meet sustainability goals under challenging conditions. The authors analyse EkoPark Belgrade, organic farm in special purpose zone of Avala Protected Area that combines certified organic production and direct sales with a range of on-farm services and experiences for farm visitors. Authors analyse different aspects of EkoPark business model and emphasize key success factors using Canvas Business Model. The results can help farmers in and around urban protected areas to choose viable farm development strategy.
Diversified Integrated Farm Model
Authors: Naraine Leighton
Published: May 2022

There is a worldwide issue in emerging economies with food security and increasing dependence on imported food from more developed countries. St. Kitts-Nevis and numerous Caribbean countries face similar circumstances. St. Kitts-Nevis is positioned to change this trend in its national economy and contribute to export with its Caribbean partners and perhaps further afield. Climate change, particularly pervasive drought conditions, present serious challenges but also opportunities to mitigate and adapt such adversities and accrue benefits to local farmers and related entrepreneurs if a model integrated farm is established with key contributing factors in its design such as productivity, flexibility, efficiency, and sustainability. An integrated farming system would compensate for low economies of scale in a value chain model, and linkages would sustain long-term stability and growth at the enterprise, sectoral, and inter-sectoral levels.
Food Security Indicators for Subsistence Farmers Sustainability
Authors: Guma Isdore Paterson , Rwashana Agnes Semwanga , Oyo Benedict
Published: May 2022

Food security concepts are extensively used in households as a measure of welfare, to conceptualise operational usefulness in the design, implementation, and evaluation of policies. Most research is focused on improving food security and sustainability and the patterns still remain tenuous. This article explores food security indicators for sustainability by using system dynamics to understand the interconnectedness of the food security system. This is done by analysing quantitative and qualitative concepts of food security indicators. The simulation result shows dynamics of cropland decreasing with increasing population as they need food, energy and space to survive.
Application of Nanocompounds for Sustainable Agriculture System
Authors: Khati Priyanka , Gangola Saurabh , Bhatt Pankaj , Kumar Rajeev , Sharma Anita
Published: May 2022

Agriculture is one of the major determining forces for the economy of India. The burgeoning population also puts more pressure of the agriculture system. To meet the requirement for future population with little arable land and limited agricultural production, doubling of crop yields is required. Development of such production systems which depend on renewable resources is an urgent requirement for sustainable agriculture. New technologies are also required to be tested and tried for the improvement of the crop production system. Nanotechnology in agriculture system is the recent hope to make sustainable agriculture a success. A high proportion of the atoms in a nanoparticle are present on the surface of a nanoparticle which accounts for higher reactivity compared with particles of macrosize. On the other side, toxicity is also a considerable concern, but using nontoxic nanoparticles like nanozeolite, nanochitosan, and nanoclay is safe. These nanocompounds show advantages in crop production without harming the soil system.
Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Smart Farming for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Muniasamy Anandhavalli
Published: May 2022

Smart farming is a development that highlights the use of technologies such as the internet of things, cloud computing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in the farm management cycle. For sustainable agriculture to adapt the ongoing change in climate and social structure is a major challenge for scientists and researchers. The approach needs information from various sources and its use in the relevant field, which lead to a growing interest in knowledge discovery from large data. Data mining techniques provide effective solutions for this problem as it supports the automation of extracting significant data to obtain knowledge and trends, the elimination of manual tasks, easier data extraction directly from electronic sources, and transfer to secure electronic system of documentation, which will increase the agriculture productions from same limited resources. In a nutshell, the aim of this chapter is to gain insight into the applications of data mining techniques in smart farming, which direction to employ sustainable agriculture and identify the challenges to be addressed.
The IoT Research in Sustainable Agricultural Supply Chain Management
Authors: Telukdarie Arnesh , Dhamija Pavitra
Published: May 2022

Timely information and decision making are vital for success of agricultural supply chain management, which is possible through capturing information by using wireless sensor networks. The Internet of Things comprises of such devices, which are laid in the form of communicating network around the agricultural setting for obtaining information. The current study aims to review prior studies based on the usage of IoT in sustainable agricultural supply chain management. A literature review has been conducted by using selected studies from reputed journals. It has been found that IoT applications in the sustainable agricultural supply chain and is currently under a nascent stage in developing countries. This is due to influence of multiple barriers, which poses serious problems, and therefore it is imperative for agricultural scientists and managers to understand the interrelationships. Farm managers, research scientists, and policy makers must aim to remove the barriers for achieving sustainability in agricultural supply chain management. The study is unique, first, in terms of scope of study; second, it identifies and categorizes the barriers to IoT application in agricultural supply chain; and third, it proposes a conceptual framework with research propositions and finally provides food for thought to the research community.
Proposal of a Digital Mobile Platform for the Urban Farming Revolution
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Miranda Nuno , Vieira Bruno
Published: May 2022

Information and communication technologies have contributed decisively to the evolution of the agriculture field, allowing the exchange of information between various platforms, the automation of processes, and the storage and processing of large volumes of data. This study proposes the development of an application for mobile devices that facilitates the process of managing and monitoring the production of an urban farming. The application can also be used by less experienced farmers by providing relevant information on the best products per season according to soil characteristics and climate. The results of the developed application demonstrated the application's potential to increase crops visibility, increase efficiency throughout the value chain, access to real-time business and financial data, turns possible to customize the application according to the users' profile, increase the efficiency of marketing processes, and contribute to reducing transport costs.
Bio-Farming as the Basis of Environmentally-Sustainable Arable Farming at the Time of Global Warming
Authors: Pasko Olga , Staurskaya Natalia , Zakharchenko Alexandr , Zharnikov Valeriy , Larionov Yuriy
Published: May 2022

The concept of environmentally sustainable farming, in which the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is compensated by the accumulation of organic carbon in the arable horizon and deposited in the subsoil, is substantiated. The rationale for agrotechnical methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is given. Authors discuss new approaches to the management of soil fertility, plant productivity, and resistance of agrocenoses, based on the principles of bio-farming, the laws of soil fertility, root-circulation, and the management of edaphy and epiphytic processes. Their use allows one to improve soil fertility and purposefully increase the potential and effective resource of agricultural production. The large-scale implementation of the principles of bio-farming in agricultural production during the global warming requires the elaboration of special programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex, its geo-information support, including monitoring of land fertility using GIS technologies.
Cost Effective Smart Farming With FARS-Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Janani E. Srie Vidhya , Pavitra A. Rehash Rushmi
Published: May 2022

Smart farming is a key to develop sustainable agriculture, involving a wide range of information and communication technologies comprising machinery, equipment, and sensors at different levels. Seawater, which is available in huge volumes across the planet, should find its optimal way through irrigation purposes. On the other hand, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) finds its way actively in current researches where sensors are deployed for examining discrete activities such as tactical surveillance, ocean monitoring, offshore analysis, and instrument observing. All these activities are based on a radically new type of sensors deployed in ocean for data collection and communication. A lightweight Hydro probe II sensor quantifies the soil moisture and water flow level at an acknowledged wavelength. The freshwater absorption repository system (FARS) is matured based on the mechanics of UWSNs comprised of SBE 39 and pressure sensor for analyzing atmospheric pressure and temperature. This necessitates further exploration of FARS to complement smart farming. Discrete routing protocols have been designed for data collection in both compatible and divergent networks. Clustering is an effective approach to increase energy efficient data transmission, which is crucial for underwater networks. Furthermore, the chapter attempts to facilitate seawater irrigation to the farm lands through reverse osmosis (RO) process. Also, the proposed irrigation pattern exploits residual water from the RO process which is identified to be one among the suitable growing conditions for salicornia seeds and mangrove trees. Ultimately, the cost-effective technology-enabled irrigation methodology suggested offers farm-related services through mobile phones that increase flexibility across the overall smart farming framework.
Water, Food Security, and Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Abosede Sinmi
Published: May 2022

Water is essential for food production and it plays an important role in helping countries achieve food security. The effect of climate change poses significant threats to agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of agriculture is rain-fed. Changes in weather patterns in the form of prolonged drought and severe flooding, in addition to poor water and land agricultural management practices, has resulted in a significant decline in crop and pasture production in several African countries. The agricultural sector in the region faces the challenge of using the existing scarce water resources in a more efficient way. Most of the countries have failed to achieve food self-sufficiency and rely on imports to meet the demand for food. Agricultural trade can play a significant role in helping countries in Africa achieve food security by increasing availability and access to food in countries that are experiencing food insecurity.
Adoption of Digital Solutions for Agriculture in Africa
Authors: Odhiambo Charles Ochieng , Kaprom Titus Pkukat , Chepkangor David Kipngetich
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the digital innovations in the financial services sector relevant to sustainable agricultural production, the extent of their availability to the farmers and impact on productivity. It also assesses application of digital solutions on knowledge management and delivery of agricultural extension services to the farmers. Digital transformation in agricultural projects has also been covered in this chapter covering the entire project life cycle; production tasks are currently delivered as projects. Lastly, this chapter also looks at the digital innovations in marketing agricultural products.
Transition of Ecosystem Services Based on Urban Agro Ecology
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyzes the implications of the transition of ecosystem services based on urban agro-ecology. It advances on the debate over the negative effects of the traditional and industrial-oriented agricultural production on the ecosystem services, food systems, climate change, etc. and analyses the principles, methods, and some practices that support the transition to urban agro-ecology. The method employed is the analytical of the theoretical and empirical literature review. It concludes that a transition from traditional and industrial-oriented agriculture towards more urban agro-ecology is inevitable to improve the ecological and environmental services, the economic efficiency, the social equity and justice, and the environmental sustainability of cities.
Organic Markets, Participatory Guarantee Systems, and Community-Supported Agriculture for Sustainable Food Communities
Authors: Ercoskun Ozge Yalciner
Published: May 2022

Local and organic food is of global importance and benefits our health, community, and environment. Today, people come together and build a food community to access local and organic food directly from the farmers under a chain of trust. It is an amazing opportunity to support small farmers and reach fresh produce. Organic markets, participatory guarantee systems, farm shares or community supported agriculture, work exchange, and other co-operatives allow us to connect with one another and perpetuate social and ecological sustainability. This chapter analyzes these direct organic marketing mechanisms and community building ways towards green economy. It demonstrates these cultures and gives some best practices in the creation of sustainable food community networks around the world. The chapter concludes with emphasizing the significance on the sociality and locality, thus contributing to the long-term goal of sustainable development and resilience.
Making Agricultural Input Subsidies More Effective and Profitable in Africa
Authors: Kanyamuka Joseph S. , Jumbe Charles B. L. , Ricker-Gilbert Jacob
Published: May 2022

The combined effects of declining soil fertility, continuous mono-cropping, poor crop residues management, and limited resources are considered the major constraints to increased crop productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is for this reason that most African governments in Sub-Saharan Africa have been implementing farm input support programmes to boost smallholder production. While substantial amounts of resources are committed to support such programmes, evidence suggests that the increased use of modern inputs such as inorganic fertilizers on the main staple food crops appear to be only marginally profitable or even unprofitable. There is a renewed realization that the use of fertilizer input alone to raise farm productivity is likely to be impeded, if sufficient attention is not given to complementary interventions such as integrated soil fertility management technologies and extension services. This chapter provides evidence from several African countries on the role of complementary interventions in enhancing profitability, effectiveness, and efficiency with which farm inputs such as inorganic fertilizer and improved seed are applied.
The Role of Agricultural Production and Trade Integration in Sustainable Rural Development
Authors: Nagy Henrietta , Neszmélyi György Iván , Abdulkadr Ahmed Abduletif
Published: May 2022

Ethiopia is the second-most populous country in Africa with rainfed agriculture as a backbone of its economy. Most of the population, 79.3%, are rural residents. Sustainable rural development can be achieved if great attention is given to the labor-intensive sector of the country, agriculture, by improving the level of productivity through research-based information and technologies, increasing the supply of industrial and export crops, and ensuring the rehabilitation and conservation of natural resource bases with special consideration packages. The improvement in agricultural productivity alone cannot bring sustainable development unless supported by appropriate domestic and international trade. The main objective of this study is to identify and examine key determinants that influence agricultural productivity to assure food security, as well as to analyze domestic and foreign trade in agricultural products in Ethiopia.
Food Security and Self-Sufficiency as a Basis for National Security and Sovereignty
Authors: Zemliak Kirill , Zhebo Anna , Aleshkov Aleksey
Published: May 2022

The study discusses one of the global problems of mankind—ensuring food security for the population. The historical context of the food problem, the formation of the concept of food security, the approaches of the world community and individual countries to its provision and evaluation are considered. The case of Russia reveals the role of food security in ensuring economic, social, and political security and sovereignty of a state. Special attention is paid to the state of agriculture in Russia as a source of raw materials for ensuring food security, problems of its development, and ways to solve them. The place of Russia in ensuring the food security of the world is shown.
Seafood Security and Sustainability Through Sustainable Development
Authors: Yildirim Seda , Kaplan Merve
Published: May 2022

The world has understood that hunger is one of the most dangerous problems for the future. Accordingly, food security and sustainability are both important issues through sustainable development. This chapter highlights the role of seafood security and sustainability for sustainable development. In this context, seafood security and sustainability for Turkish seafood market was investigated. Turkey is a coastal country, which has accepted 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, with a seafood market and a good sample to investigate seafood sustainability. This study employed secondary data from TURKSTAT and FAO websites to determine Turkish seafood market profile. The study determined seafood security and sustainability based on five dimensions as availability, economic access, physical access, utilization, and stabilization. Seafood sustainability is vital for coastal countries because seafood market brings economic, social, and environmental benefits at the same time.
Sustainable Rural Livelihood
Authors: Nayak Sushma , Nehul Shashikant , Narayan Aishwarya
Published: May 2022

In the present day, when human beings have excessively exploited the natural resources, sustainable development has become a catchword for countries around the world. With respect to the rural scenario, diversion of watercourses and settled agriculture are deemed as tactical imperatives for sustainable livelihood. The present study focuses on a village, Hiware Bazar, situated in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India. The village is known for its livelihood status, which can be distinctly categorized into two phases, the period before 1991 and the period after 1991. In the first phase (before 1991), the village was marked by severe livelihood crisis owing to acute water scarcity. The second phase (after 1991) is known for livelihood improvement realized through community engagement and planned investment initiatives for watershed development and organic farming.
Nomadic Terrorism, Displacement, and Food Insecurity Challenge in the Food Basket of the Nation
Authors: Olayiwola Opeyemi Ademola
Published: May 2022

The Middle Belt region of Nigeria, comprising significant parts of Benue, Nasarawa, Taraba, Adamawa, Plateau, Kogi, and Kwara, has been a battle ground for the nomadic terrorism in the past few years. Through the inspiration of Boko Haram, the nomadic terrorists have been able to infiltrate this part of the country impossible for the conventional Boko Haram to penetrate, leading to destruction of lives and livelihood, and displacement of thousands of people, with Benue State, referred to as the “Food Basket of the Nation,” the worst affected in the zone. While much attention is given to its impacts on human insecurity, what has been less observed, at least from an academic point of view, is its food insecurity impacts. Using phenomenological qualitative research, the study examined the impacts of nomadic terrorism on food insecurity in the Food Basket of the Nation in Nigeria. The study has implications for policymaking to address the state of IDPs in new location and militate against nomadic terrorism and conflicts in the Food Basket of the Nation and tackle food insecurity.
Linking Folklore to Agricultural Sustainability Accounting in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Mahmood , Marinova Dora , Todorov Vladislav
Published: May 2022

The Bangladeshi folklore cultural heritage embraces myriad proverbs, adages, sayings, folktales, and folksongs, including the songs of the Baul mystic minstrels. Many are linked to various aspects of agriculture – from tilling to harvest, storage of yields, and consumption. The paper draws on this folklore to develop the concept of traditional sustainability accounting in agriculture. Although without formal quantification, these proverbs and songs guide agricultural practices in rural Bangladesh maintaining a socio-economic system that promotes sustainable activities, counteracts the damage caused by the 1970 Green Revolution, and encourage sustainability accounting. In recent years, Bangladesh has achieved many of the Millennium Development Goals but has also witnessed environmental deterioration. An agro-ecological management informed by folklore and traditional wisdom has the potential to transform the country's progress along the lines of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
City and Agriculture
Authors: D'Onghia Vito
Published: May 2022

Agriculture in the urban policies leads the scientific society to question the ability to include sustainable practices for guiding local communities towards shared paths of action and the implementation of spatial planning tools. The connection between places and food defines a geography of development on various scales, considering the transcalarity and comparison of the best practices as useful methodologies of research for supporting the rural issue and the essential rural dimension for local action. The innovative experiments gained at national and international level demonstrate how a PhD project and Third Mission experiences can interact together for defining an overall picture of actions that show phases and actors able to range from the support to urban agriculture. This paper aims at analyzing the cultural debate of reference, the policies in the urban and rural field, at comparing the different actions put in place, and at outlining new opportunities in terms of perspectives for the development of a more sustainable city with inclusive projects too.
Examining the Effects of Mucilage in the Marmara Sea on Fisheries, Tourism, and Maritime Transportation via the System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Gönül Sezer Eylül Damla , Demirel Duygun Fatih
Published: May 2022

The Marmara Sea, which is of great importance for Turkey, has been facing a serious mucilage problem since the last quarter of 2020 due to various natural and human-induced factors. In addition to the negative effects of the observed mucilage explosion on the marine ecosystem and human health, studies in the literature emphasize the inevitability of critical negative economic consequences of mucilage, especially on the fishing, tourism, and maritime transport sectors. However, there is no study in the literature to analyze the effects of policies aimed at eliminating mucilage or preventing its re-emergence with a mathematical method. Therefore, in this chapter, a dynamic model is proposed to analyze the effects of the mucilage in the Marmara Sea on fisheries, tourism, and maritime transport. Here, the proposed conceptual and stock-flow models reflect the complex relationships among causes of mucilage, mucilage level, fisheries, tourism, and maritime transport sectors, and preventive actions.
A Review of Techniques for Arsenic Removal From Water
Authors: Obijole Adewale O. , Adekunbi Adedayo E. , Babajide Olalekan J. , Sani Badruddeen Saulawa , Idi Mohammed D. , Oke Isaiah Adesola
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents information on water, arsenic, arsenic in water, and its removal techniques from water and wastewaters. Survey of literature was conducted, and information was collected from published articles in databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Springer, and Magiran) using arsenic removal, wastewater treatment methods for arsenic removal, and pollution control as the keywords. A total of 142 articles were used for the study. The study revealed that techniques of arsenic removal can be divided into non-destructive and destructive methods. It was revealed that electrochemical oxidation, adsorption, and membrane techniques are the most common and effective processes. It was concluded that nanofiltration membranes prepared through single and bilayer polyelectrolyte deposition and electrocoagulation appeared to be the best method, being able to ensure the highest percentage removal (99.9%).
Graphene-Based Materials for Water Treatment and Purification
Authors: Kumari Neeraj , Bhandari Meena
Published: May 2022

The supply of clean and safe water in an adequate amount and sustainable way is a global challenge as the presence of toxic organic and inorganic contaminants in water bodies has become one of the most alarming issues. The technologies used for the treatment of water and its desalination remain ineffective in removing the contaminants, especially contaminants present in trace concentration, and was not feasible in disseminated water treatment system globally. Recently, a lot of efforts have sought to enhance various physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials to overcome the shortcoming of technologies. The chapter revealed different technologies for treating wastewater, challenges, and issues faced during treatment and potential applications of advanced materials. The main emphasis is given to the role of graphene-based nano-adsorbents. Under the umbrella of nanotechnologies, different approaches have been discussed for the fabrication of graphene oxide-based nano-adsorbent along with the interaction of contaminants with graphene oxide.
Psychological Barriers to Workplace Wellness in Young Married Women in Indian Higher Education
Authors: Chith Eleanora Nallu , Jeyachandran Vaishnavi , Yusaira Fathima , Kureethara Joseph Varghese
Published: May 2022

Workplace wellness has been extensively researched in various domains of social sciences, both intra- and inter-disciplinary. This highlights the significance of the concept ‘workplace wellness' as it not only influences the outcome of an organization and reduces the turnover rates, but also looks into the well-being of employees. There is a substantial increase in the number of married women entering the workforce which has led to a rise in dual-career families. With the increase in employment, female employees encounter numerous challenges in maintaining workplace wellness such as physical, psychological, or social impediments. This chapter looks at the psychological barriers that young married women experience with regard to workplace wellness in the context of higher education in India. Factors such as burnout, family-work conflict, work-family conflict, career-marriage conflict, implicit bias, workplace violence, imposter syndrome, mental load, compassion fatigue, etc. are some of the major barriers.
The Importance of Investing in Early Childhood Development and the Role of Families
Authors: Baulos Alison , Heckman James
Published: May 2022

Efforts to reduce inequality and promote better learning outcomes will only be effective when they include a focus on early childhood development. Investments made early in childhood, a period when inequality gaps emerge, have the potential to provide a higher return on investment than at any other time during an individual's life. The basic skills acquired during the first five years of life are the foundation for important future skills. Whether or not a child attends formal childcare prior to schooling, the family is still the primary influence in a young person's life; a home environment lacking enrichment will lead to skills gaps that persist throughout a lifetime. This chapter makes the case that by starting early and providing support to parents and primary caregivers, there is the potential to promote social mobility and positive outcomes for children, their families, and ultimately, future generations in the aggregate.