bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) & Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Different Brain Cancers
Authors: Kumar Akhil , Bhattacharya Sankha , Sharma Vikas , Singh Charan
Published: February 2021

Nanotechnology and material science developments emerge in the manufacturing of various novel
modes of drug delivery, which have proven scientifically promising. Polymer nanoparticles have high stability,
high specificity, high drug-carrying power, control release, and potential to be used in various pathways. They
usually supply hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules with medicines. In this review, we have discussed the
different types of brain tumour, different PLGA (Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) nanostructures, PLGA in brain
tumour targeting, and the recent advancement of PLGA based nanoparticles. This review focused on the
method of preparation of polymeric nanoparticles, the significance of EPR (Enhanced Permeability and Retention)
effect with PLGA, the significance of TPGS in cancer, and discussed the pharmaceutical application of
PLGA nanoparticles. We expect these polymeric nanoparticles will be very successful and efficient for disease
targeting in the future and new techniques will emerge.
Exploring the Potential of Aromatherapy as an Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer and its
Complications: A Comprehensive Update
Authors: Grover Madhuri , Behl Tapan , Sanduja Mohit , Habibur Rahman Md. , Ahmadi Amirhossein
Published: February 2021

Background:

Aromatherapy is a traditional practice of employing essential oils for therapeutic
purposes, which is currently headed under the category of complementary and adjuvant medicine.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to summarize the potential health benefits of aromatic essential oil from old
times till the present. Moreover, some mechanisms which can be utilized as a basis for aromatherapy in cancer
and cancer-linked complications have been proposed.

Methods:

To find out the relevant and authentic data, several search engines like Science direct, Pubmed,
research gate, etc. were thoroughly checked by inserting keywords like aromatherapy, complementary, and
adjuvant therapy in the context of the review.

Results:

The results depicted the anti-cancer potential of chemical constituents of essential oil against different
types of cancer. Moreover, the essential oils showed the promising anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant,
and anti-mutagenic properties in several studies, which collectively can form the basis for initiation of
its anti-cancer use.

Conclusion:

Aromatherapy can serve as an adjuvant economic therapy in cancer after the standardization of
protocol.
Evaluation of Allergic Reactions Following Intravenous Infusion of Polyvalent
Antivenom in Snakebite Patients
Authors: Mahmoudi Ghafar-Ali , Ahadi Maryam , Fouladvand Ali , Rezaei Bareza , Bodagh Zahra , Astaraki Peyman
Published: February 2021

Background:

Antivenom is a gold-standard treatment for snakebite envenoming. However, adverse reactions to snake antivenom are common in many parts.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the allergic reactions following intravenous administration of antivenom sera.

Methods:

This was retrospective study, conducted snakebites patients referred to the Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad. The files of these patients were accessed for demographic data, snakebite-related data, treatment provided, clinical presentation and allergic reaction status as a result of antivenom treatment.

Results:

141 cases were investigated including 73.8% male and 26.2% female patients. The mean age of the patients was 38.1±17.1years. Age group 30-39 years accounted for highest number of snakebite cases (24.1%). A majority of victims (89.4%) were from the rural areas. Most of the patients (51.8%) were bitten in the spring and highest number of snakebite were reported in May (39.1%). The most common site of snakebite was lower extremities (50.4%) and upper extremities (44.7%). Among clinical feature of snakebite, pain was the most prevalent in 135 cases (95.7%) followed by swelling (83.7%). The mean antivenom vials used were 6.5±3.7 vials. Allergic reactions occurred in 6 patients (4.26%); reactions were mild in 5 patients and sever in 1patient. The commonest presentation was maculopapular rash (1.4%) and the least common were headache (0.71%), nausea (0.71%), fever (0.71) and hypotension (0.71%).

Conclusion:

Snakebite is one of the significantlife-threatening environmental events.Immediate antivenom treatment can reduce mortality however, patients should be carefully monitored for adverse allergic reactions.
Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of the Dillenia suffruticosa
Leaves against the Lung (A549) and Cervical (CaSki) Cancer
Cell Lines
Authors: Goh May Poh Yik , Ahmad Norhayati , Yasin Hartini , Jama Abdalla
Published: February 2021

Background:

Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Mart. has been traditionally used to promote
wound healing, relieve rheumatism, fever and some cancerous growths. The leaves of the local variety
of D. suffruticosa lack scientific studies on its biological applications in the context of antibacterial,
antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic
properties of the leaves of D. suffruticosa from Brunei Darussalam.

Methods:

The leaves were extracted using 80% (v/v) methanol, 80% (v/v) ethanol and aqueous.
The antioxidant capacities were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical
scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging
and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride
colorimetric assays were also used to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The
antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the extracts were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion
and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation
assays.

Results:

The methanolic extract of the D. suffruticosa leaves displayed the highest antioxidant activity
despite having comparable phenol content when extracted using the ethanol extraction solvent.
The methanolic extract also demonstrated antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus at a
concentration of 50 mg/mL or above. The cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract was higher against
the CaSki cell line than the A549 lung cancer cell line in the first 24 h but became more cytotoxic
against A549 than CaSki at 48 h and 72 h.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that the methanolic extract of the leaves of D. suffruticosa from
Brunei Darussalam has significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity against S. aureus and moderate
cytotoxicity against A549 and CaSki cell lines.
Investigations of Light Intensities, Nutrient, and Carbon Sources Towards Microalgae Oil Production via Soxhlet Extraction Techniques
Authors: Ching Wong Y. , Shukri Nur A.
Published: February 2021

Aims:

This study was carried out to study the optimized condition for microalgae cultivation
in terms of light intensity, and nutrient supply. Also, use of a carbon source was studied to
optimize the microalgae growth to produce microalgae with a high biomass productivity and a high
lipid content.

Background:

Algae can be categorized into macroalgae and microalgae. Commonly, microalgae
are used to produce biodiesel since microalgae can yield 5000-15000 of oil gallons compared to
plant-based biomass as feedstock produced 50-500 oil gallon. Furthermore, microalgae do not face
any food crisis and can be cultivated in any wasteland that is not suitable for agriculture throughout
the year, compared to crops. Microalgae can also be cultivated in freshwater, saline water and
wastewater.

Methods:

Microalgae cultivation was carried out with microalgae culture labelled as MX1, MX2,
MX3, MX4 and were cultivated under high light intensities, whereas MY1, MY2, MY3, MY4
were cultivated under medium light intensity and MZ1, MZ2, MZ3 MZ4 became control culture
that was cultivated under high light intensities and no light condition.

Results:

The effect of light intensity, NPK fertilizer, and glucose on microalgae’s biomass production
will be observed simultaneously. At the end of cultivation, MX2 obtained the highest biomass
of 97.186 g. The oil extraction yield is 9.66%. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of UFA and
PUFA in the oil.

Conclusion:

Thus, future research is needed to improve the technique to increase the microalgae
biomass and lipid to become the potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel.
Machine Learning-Based Classification Models for Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: Jaiswal Tarun , Jaiswal Sushma
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

The goal of this study is to expand the diabetes decision-making framework
through the advancement of computational intelligence. Several artificial network and machine-
learning-based methods have been developed and validated, most of which are based on the
Pima Indian dataset. So far, no method has reached an accuracy of 99-100%. Various tools such
as Machine Learning (ML) and Data Mining are used for the correct identification of diabetes.
These tools improve the diagnostic process associated with T2DM. Diabetes mellitus type 2
(DMT2) is a major problem in several developing countries, and its early diagnosis can save several
people’s lives. Accordingly, we have to build a structure that diagnoses type 2 diabetes. This
paper proposes a fuzzy expert system that uses the Mamdani fuzzy inference structure (MFIS) to
diagnose type 2 diabetes accurately. The proposed research work has been created using a variety
of machine learning algorithms such as J48 Decision-tree (DT), Multilayer perceptron (MLP),
Support-vector-machine (SVM), Naive-Bayes (NB), Fusion, and Mixed fusion-based. Actual data
from the UCI machine learning datasets are used to validate the advanced Fuzzy expert system
(FES) and machine learning algorithms.

Objective:

A review of recent advances in machine learning-based classification models for diabetes
diagnosis is presented in this survey paper.

Methods:

This paper compares modified fusion processes to fundamental models such as radial
basis function, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, J48, logistic regression, classification,
regression trees, etc., for diagnosing type 2 diabetes.

Results:

Figs. 3 and 4 show the results for each classifier based on prediction accuracy.

Conclusion:

The fuzzy expert system is the best among its rival classifiers. SVM performs very
poorly with a very low true positive rate, i.e., a very high number of positive cases misclassified
as (non-diabetic) negative. Based on the evaluation, it is clear that the fuzzy expert system has the
highest precision value. However, J48 is the least accurate classifier. Compared to the other classifiers
listed in the testing section, it has the greatest number of false positives. The results show
that the fuzzy expert system has the uppermost cost for both precision and recall. Thus, it has the
uppermost value for F-measure in the training and testing datasets. J48 is considered the secondbest
classifier for the training dataset, whereas Naïve Bayes comes in the second rank in the testing
dataset.
Umbilical Cord Blood as an Alternate Donor Sources for High Risk Elderly Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Malignancies
Authors:   Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, US, Hagen Patrick , Adams William , Singh Shruti , Qin Shuai , Campo Loredana , Tsai Stephanie , Hossain Nasheed , Smith Scott E , Stiff Patrick J
Published: February 2021

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative option for many hematological malignancies. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternate donor source with potentially increased morbidity in elderly patients. We evaluated outcomes in alternate donor sources, prior to the initiation of haploidentical transplantation at our institution, of matched unrelated donor (MUD) and UCB in elderly patients (mean age 64, range 60-75). One hundred and eighty-four patients were included (MRD: 57; MUD: 69; UCB: 58). There was no difference in acute or chronic graft versus host disease among donor sources (all p > .05). In this high-risk population, 128 (70%) had either a high disease risk index or high (>2) comorbidity index. Median progression free survival (PFS) was lowest among UCB (5.5 months; 95% CI 2.8-9.4) and MUD (5.6 months; 95% CI 3.7-17.7) as compared to MRD (18.3 months; 95% CI 8.4-64.8). On multivariable analysis, the rate of mortality was higher for UCB than MRD patients (1.88, 95% CI 1.04 – 3.37), but there was no difference between UCB and MUD (p = .61) or between MUD and MRD (p = .25). Conclusions were similar for PFS. Our experience shows that even in this high-risk elderly cohort, UCB continues to be a viable alternate donor source.
Bed Sensor Technology for Objective Sleep Monitoring Within the Clinical Rehabilitation Setting: Observational Feasibility Study
Authors: Hendriks Maartje M S , van Lotringen Jaap H , Vos-van der Hulst Marije , Keijsers Noël L W
Published: February 2021

Background

Since adequate sleep is essential for optimal inpatient rehabilitation, there is an increased interest in sleep assessment. Unobtrusive, contactless, portable bed sensors show great potential for objective sleep analysis.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a bed sensor for continuous sleep monitoring overnight in a clinical rehabilitation center.

Methods

Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) or stroke were monitored overnight for a 1-week period during their in-hospital rehabilitation using the Emfit QS bed sensor. Feasibility was examined based on missing measurement nights, coverage percentages, and missing periods of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR). Furthermore, descriptive data of sleep-related parameters (nocturnal HR, RR, movement activity, and bed exits) were reported.

Results

In total, 24 participants (12 iSCI, 12 stroke) were measured. Of the 132 nights, 5 (3.8%) missed sensor data due to Wi-Fi (2), slipping away (1), or unknown (2) errors. Coverage percentages of HR and RR were 97% and 93% for iSCI and 99% and 97% for stroke participants. Two-thirds of the missing HR and RR periods had a short duration of ≤120 seconds. Patients with an iSCI had an average nocturnal HR of 72 (SD 13) beats per minute (bpm), RR of 16 (SD 3) cycles per minute (cpm), and movement activity of 239 (SD 116) activity points, and had 86 reported and 84 recorded bed exits. Patients with a stroke had an average nocturnal HR of 61 (SD 8) bpm, RR of 15 (SD 1) cpm, and movement activity of 136 (SD 49) activity points, and 42 reported and 57 recorded bed exits. Patients with an iSCI had significantly higher nocturnal HR (t18=−2.1, P=.04) and movement activity (t18=−1.2, P=.02) compared to stroke patients. Furthermore, there was a difference between self-reported and recorded bed exits per night in 26% and 38% of the nights for iSCI and stroke patients, respectively.

Conclusions

It is feasible to implement the bed sensor for continuous sleep monitoring in the clinical rehabilitation setting. This study provides a good foundation for further bed sensor development addressing sleep types and sleep disorders to optimize care for rehabilitants.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Distress of Medical Students in Japan: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Nishimura Yoshito , Ochi Kanako , Tokumasu Kazuki , Obika Mikako , Hagiya Hideharu , Kataoka Hitomi , Otsuka Fumio
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected medical education. However, little data are available about medical students’ distress during the pandemic.

Objective

This study aimed to provide details on how medical students have been affected by the pandemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 717 medical students participated in the web-based survey. The survey included questions about how the participants’ mental status had changed from before to after the Japanese nationwide state of emergency (SOE).

Results

Out of 717 medical students, 473 (66.0%) participated in the study. In total, 29.8% (141/473) of the students reported concerns about the shift toward online education, mostly because they thought online education would be ineffective compared with in-person learning. The participants’ subjective mental health status significantly worsened after the SOE was lifted (P<.001). Those who had concerns about a shift toward online education had higher odds of having generalized anxiety and being depressed (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, 95% CI 1.19-3.28) as did those who said they would request food aid (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.16-3.44) and mental health care resources (OR 3.56, 95% CI 2.07-6.15).

Conclusions

Given our findings, the sudden shift to online education might have overwhelmed medical students. Thus, we recommend that educators inform learners that online learning is not inferior to in-person learning, which could attenuate potential depression and anxiety.
The Effect of Google Search Volume Index on Underpriced IPOs and Divergence of Opinions
Authors: Chivianti Megen , Sukamulja Sukmawati
Published: February 2021

Introduction/Main Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the Google Search Volume Index (GSVI), as the moderating variable, on underpriced IPOs, as the independent variable, on the divergence of opinions, as the dependent variable. Background Problems: A divergence of opinions may arise when an error occurs while estimating the right price due to the unavailability of information or only having limited information. Before a company conducts an IPO, potential investors will look for information about the company and each one may interpret the data differently, which results in disagreements between the investors. The investors’ attention is a disagreement mechanism. Research Methods: This study employs the regression analysis of moderation variables with an absolute difference method (ADM) on a sample of 79 Indonesian companies that conducted an IPO between 2015 and 2019. Finding/Results: This study discovered a negative relationship between the initial return and market-adjusted turnover without an interaction effect in the model. The investors’ attention reduces disagreements about underpriced IPOs in the aftermarket. Conclusion: The result of this study found that investors’ attention reduces disagreements about underpriced IPOs proxied by the initial return, because investors closely monitor other information available on the Internet.
Digital Receipts of Online Transactions in the Reconciliation Process and the Preparation of Financial Reports
Authors: Kosadi Ferry , Ginting Wajib , Merliana Vina
Published: February 2021

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research seeks to analyze the use of digital receipts and multi-platform e-commerces’ data integration and the influence they have on the process of reconciliation and the preparation of financial reports by micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Background Problems: The use of multi-platform online transactions requires the validation and conversion of the data, which can be an issue during the reconciliation process and the preparation of financial reports. The issue of the data’s integration is due to differences in the interfaces used for the multi-platform transactions and the MSMEs internal abilities. Novelty: The integration and treatment of online transactions via multi-platforms should an internal records or database for the MSMEs, the reconciliation process and preparing financial reports. Research Methods: This research uses a quantitative method with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis and descriptive analysis to reveal the reconciliation process and the conditions under which financial reports are prepared. Finding/Results: The problems of integrating data from various platforms into internal reports causes duplication of the internal reporting and a long reporting process and the chance of errors. The digital receipt is treated as proof of a manual transaction. Records’ duplication is a technical issue that causes delays in the processing time and reconciliation. None of the MSMEs have a machine-to-machine based (automized) reconciliation process. Conclusion: Transaction receipts from all the platforms affect the transactions’ recording, the reconciliation process, and the preparation of financial reports. Digital receipts provide high levels of confidence because of their completeness, accuracy, easiness, efficiency, simplicity, and suitability for use by MSMEs. The adoption of online sales and payments by MSMEs is highly effective, yet this has not been followed-up with the data’s integration into the reconciliation and accounting process for preparing financial reports.
ICTs and New Scenarios for Diversity
Authors: Salum Tomé, PhD José Manuel
Published: February 2021

Research is a process aimed at seeking new knowledge, in this case, it will be to find alternative paths in the field of new technologies that serve to support special educational needs. Society demands these technological contributions to solve problems that contribute to inclusion, which led man to work with greater ergonomics; The school, a social institution, also needs these resources so that all students can build a teaching process of functional and meaningful learning for each and every student. The educational system outlines an education that attends to the educational needs of all students; and from these pages the intention is that new technologies are a path of support that assists diversity and inclusion.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF VALPROATE VERSUS LEVETIRACETAM IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH METHYLENE TETRA-HYDRO FOLATE REDUCTASE GENOTYPES
Authors: FAREEDULLAH MOHAMMED , RAFI REHAB , NAAZ NEHA , ALI SHAMS MOHAMMED BARKATH , SHAISTA BABAR SYEDA , ISHAQ MOHAMMED , MOHIUDDIN JALAAL MOHAMMED , JAWALKAR SRIKANTH
Published: February 2021

Objective: The study objects at assessing and comparing the intensity of the effect of valproate (VPA) and levetiracetam (LV) on the bone mass in young adult epileptic patients while distinguishing their methylene tetra-hydro folate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes and correlating MTHFR polymorphism and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) usage with the risk of development of osteoporosis.

Methods: The study design was a comparative, prospective, and observational study. It was conducted at Princess Esra Hospital (PEH), Hyderabad and genotype testing was carried out at Salar-e-Millat Research lab (PEH). The consent was obtained from total 70 subjects, divided into three groups:

Group 1: 18 patients receiving sodium VPA monotherapy

Group 2: 17 patients receiving LV monotherapy

Group 3: 35 healthy control subjects from general population.

Patients of either gender within age group of 15–40 years, experiencing generalized tonic-clonic seizures or focal seizures, receiving the AED for duration of time ≥2 years were included in the study.

Results: Our study showed significant correlation between the AEDs treatment and MTHFR polymorphism in predisposing osteoporosis.

Conclusion: The variants of MTHFR gene (C677T) are prone to develop increased levels of homocysteine as a result of decreased activity of the enzyme in their bodies which are further increased in patients receiving AEDs. Monitoring of homocysteine levels in epileptic patients especially in the mutants of MTHFR gene along with their periodic testing of bone mineral density levels is recommended. Treatment for low folate and calcium levels is recommended in these patients to correct their deficiencies.
IMMOBILIZATION OF AMYLASE PRODUCING BACTERIA (BACILLUS SUBTILIS) FROM SOIL OF WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION SOLAN, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: KUMAR ARUN , KUMARI POONAM , GUDETA KASAHUN , JULKA JM
Published: February 2021

Objective: The paper aimed to immobilize amylase producing bacterial strain on a suitable matrix and characterization of its physicochemical properties so that much amount of amylase could be produced to be applied in different industries.

Methods: Bacterial colonies were sub-cultured from samples collected from soil in freshly prepared dishes containing starch agar by dot method using sterile inoculating needles from which five different bacteria belonged to genus Bacillus were isolated and assigned as A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5.

Results: It was found that A1 displayed the highest enzyme activity of 17.89 IU/ml with enzyme assay of 0.83 mg/ml and the bacterium was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. A5 displayed 10.13 IU/ml with protein contents of 0.11 mg/ml indicated that A1 possess the highest enzyme activities which were categorized under Bacillus and protein contents and A5 showed less amount of enzyme activities and protein contents as compared to other.

Conclusion: The bacteria which were produced much amount of enzyme activities identified as Bacillus subtilis and recommended and have been recommended to be cultured for the production of amylase enzyme.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PANCREATITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: PRASAD TS DURGA , R NEHA , R KALYANI , P SANDEEP KUMAR , SRI A JAYA
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pancreatitis and to appraise the risk factors associated with the pancreatitis.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed with admitted cases of pancreatitis over 6 month’s period. A total of 150 patients were selected for the study. All data concerning risk factors were recorded and Short-Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was applied and quality of life (QOL) was analyzed in all patients with in study group.

Results: All domains of (HRQoL) were assessed; it shows highest effect on role limitations due to physical health (36%), role limitations due to emotional problems (29%), role limitations due to physical health, and role limitations due to emotional problems (10%). Finally, our study revealed that there is a profound deterioration in physical components of QOL. The risk factors that majorly influence the QOL in association with disease were found to be alcohol consumption and smoking (70%).

Conclusion: Pancreatitis remarkably diminishes the patient’s HRQoL which predominantly shows negative impact on physical health.
A STUDY TO ASSESS KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: G DIVYA , CHOUDHARY DG PRAVALLIKA , KUMAR J KARUN , A PRAVEEN , PN SMITHA , R LAKSHMI
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide and it accounts for 27% of all cancer cases among women in India. This study aims to assess the awareness of the patients regarding the breast cancer and also to check their knowledge toward the symptoms of breast cancer as well as the breast self-examination process. This study also determines the attitude of patients regarding the breast cancer and breast self-examination.

Methods: A prospective educational study was done using a pre-designed questionnaire on 523 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 6 months. All women greater than 20 years admitted in the Department of General Medicine and General Surgery in-patient female ward of SVRRGGH were included in the study.

Results: Out of 523 women, a greater proportion respondents 515 (98%) had poor knowledge of breast cancer. Two hundred and eighty-one (53%) show positive attitude while 225 (43%) show neutral attitude and 17 (4%) show negative attitude toward breast cancer. Only 18 (0.3%) know how to perform breast self-examination while the remaining patients have never performed the breast self-examination. Two hundred and one (38%) have agreed to consult a doctor if they found any lumps in the breast whereas the remaining did not respond. After the counseling session with patients, their knowledge regarding the above problems related to breast cancer has significantly increased.

Conclusion: Majority of the participants had poor knowledge of breast cancer as well as low level of practice of breast cancer screening procedures. However, patients do have a positive attitude toward the breast cancer which can help to detect the cancer in early stages. Hence, a greater focus on providing breast cancer education programs can create awareness among women in respect to screening programs which, in turn, can decrease the risk of death due to its late discovery.
SYNERGISTIC ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR MODE OF ACTION
Authors: GUPTA MONIKA
Published: February 2021

Cancer has emerged as the second leading cause of death globally. There has been a lot of interest in other treatments like this. This includes hormonal supplements, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and other medicines which are used in singles or combinations. Therefore, due to the habit of patient combination therapy, interactions of other drugs like hormonal supplements may be of great risk. Without consulting the doctor, the administration of herbal medicines by patients is growing rapidly in the whole world. There is also a possibility of herbal medicines. Extracts or herbal medicines are a combination of active ingredients that automatically interacts with other medicines to increase or reduce the therapeutic effect. This review focuses on the interactions of herbal medicines as well as on different types of nanoparticles (NPs), which are affected by various types of cancer treatment. Dietetic phytochemicals such as genestin, curcumin, epiglottits gillette, quercetin, and resveratrol have been given special emphasis on their working mechanism. All phytochemicals increase their therapeutic effects either by increasing the bio-availability of other drugs or by stabilizing some other medicines in the system.
Metagenomic-based Approach for the Analysis of Yeast Diversity Associated with Amylase Production in Lai (Durio kutejensis)
Authors: Sukmawati Dalia , Nurkhasanah Siti , Afifah Zakiah Nur , Al Husna Shabrina Nida , Widowati Retno , El Enshasy Hesham , Dailin Daniel Joe
Published: February 2021

This study reported the application of a next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of yeast diversity in native Indonesian fruit, Durio kutejensis, collected from Borneo, Central Kalimantan. The analysis was designed to observe the microbial consortium associated with solid state fermentation (SSF) for amylase production. Together with the additional data from culture-dependent analysis, we observed the morphological features, molecular characteristics, and amylase concentration produced by each isolate. We performed Solid State Fermentation (SSF) for amylase production and the enzyme activity was then determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 540 nm. Result obtained from metagenomic approach consist of 4 group that fungal species included in the Ascomycota identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea (1.35%), Lasiodiplodia crassispora (17.62%), Aureobasidium pullulans (55.02%), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (11.38%), Preussia funiculate (1.90%), Sporormiella intermedia (0.82%), Myrothecium gramineum (1.35%), Fusarium oxysporum (6.24%), Fusarium proliferatum (3.25%) and Phialemoniopsis curvata (1.08%). The results of isolation using culturable medium in the form of YMA obtained 40 yeast isolates. A total of 40 representative isolates from durian fruit were screened, two positive amylase isolates based on clear zones formed were DU 4.2 (Candida sorboxylosa) and DU4.22 (Cyberlindnera fabianii) isolates with amylolytic index of DU 4.2 isolates at 0.24 and DU 4.22 at 0.72 with an incubation time of 48 h. The highest amylase enzyme activity was found in isolate DU 4.2 of 31.21 U / mL.
THEORY OF PANDYNAMISM IN PHENOMENOLOGY OF RELIGION: THE CATEGORIES OF STRENGTH, WILL AND FORM
Authors:   Tatiana S. Samarina  Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Science, Samarina Tatiana S.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the theory of pandynamism, which arose in the phenomenology of religion, the origins of which date back to the category of Power proposed in the 19th century by the English anthropologist and religious scholar Robert Marett. A detailed analysis of phenomenological description of religion through the theory of pandynamism which was invented by Gerardus van der Leeuw is given. Author analyses the most important, according to van der Leeuw, category of any religion Power. This category described as an extra - moral category, the key characteristic of Power is otherness, it is claimed that the element of otherness defines the course of religious life in variety of manifestations, and transformation of Power generates all variety of beliefs. The article examines the teachings of van der Leeuw on the subject of religion (religious person). The article examines three central categories of religion: the Power, the Will and the Form, the combination of which arises the diversity of existing types of religions (religions of escape, struggle, peace, anxiety, infinity, compassion, stress, obedience, greatness, humility, love). In conclusion, the article discusses electrical metaphor which is commonly used in anthropology of the 19th - first half of the 20th century in its application to the science of religion.
THE CONTROVERSY ON THE JURISDICTION OF THE PATRIARCHATE OF CONSTANTINOPLE OVER THE ORTHODOX DIASPORA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY AND ITS OUTCOME
Authors:   Pavel V. Ermilov St. Tikhon's University, Ermilov Pavel V.
Published: February 2021

One of the crucial challenges facing the Orthodox world is the necessity to regulate the canonical status of the Orthodox diaspora. The Council on Crete, held in 2016, accepted a relevant document and stated the willingness of all Orthodox Churches “to resolve the problem of the Orthodox diaspora and its organization in accordance with Orthodox ecclesiology, and the canonical tradition and practice of the Orthodox Church”. A model of a compromise that could reconcile the competing approaches of various Orthodox Churches has been long searched for. However, less and less attention is paid to the fact that the theory imposed by the Church of Constantinople is purely arbitrary and devoid of any solid reasons. Throughout the 20th century, it has been more than once challenged as pseudo-canonical. It is clear that any consensus based on erroneous theological assumptions will be leading to failure. This article is intended to show that the repeatedly refuted approach of the Church of Constantinople cannot help in formulating a truly canonical decision of the problem of diaspora.
STRUCTURE AND ROLE OF THE RITE OF PASSAGE IN THE MOURNING CEREMONIES IN ANCIENT CHINA (FOLLOWING THE "LI JI" CONFUCIAN TREATISE)
Authors:   Irina B. Keidun  Amur State University, Keidun Irina B.
Published: February 2021

In each and every culture death is regarded as the most important event during the course of a person’s lifetime. The living were obliged to strictly follow the rules, governing the funeral and mourning rites in order to safeguard the passage of the deceased into the “other” world. On top of that, abiding regulations helped to neutralize the danger that appeared during the transit period and was a result of an interaction between life and death, it also helped society to restore its balance and to make sure it can peacefully continue its existence.Confucian culture too placed a big emphasis on the matters regarding the burial of the deceased and the following mourning after them. The “Li ji” canonical treatise, composed in the I century BC, contains a lot of various instructions regarding the mourning rites. These regulations, analyzed in the paradigm of concept of the rite of passage by A. van Gennep, allow to conclude that the mourning rite of ancient China does in general breaks down into the same stages as the other ceremonies of passage.
State-Public System of Management in Islamic Educational Organization
Authors: Yakovleva A. V.
Published: February 2021

This paper argues for the thesis, the systematic interaction between state and society in the sphere of Islamic education is extremely useful. The modern trends of Russian educational system in Russia as well as worldwide tendencies prove that religious education deserves to play an important role in social life. The article focuses on the speciﬁcs of the functioning of Islamic educational organizations within the social and legal framework of a secular state and on the need to take into account current trends in the development of the state and public management system when building a modern system of continuous religious education in Russia.
The relationships between atomic charges and magnetic response properties reflects conductivity of BN nanotubes
Authors: Najafpour Jamshid , Nikmaram Farrokh Roya , Firooznasab Fatemeh
Published: February 2021

In this work, the potential relation between magnetic response
properties (isotropic shielding (σ) and total atomic
magnetizabilities, Χ(Ω)) with QTAIM atomic charges of boron and nitrogen
atoms in (4,4), (5,3) and (7,0) single-walled boron nitride nanotubes
(SWBNNTs) are investigated at DFT B3LYP/ 6-31G(d) level of theory using
periodic boundary condition (PBC) approach. The results show that a
liner correlation exists between atomic charges of B and N in (4,4) and
(5,3) BNNTs and the isotropic shielding. The results show a solid
correlation between chemical shielding and total-atomic
magnetizabilities, Χ(Ω) in (4,4) BNNT with the lowest conductivity.
Quantifying river fragmentation from local to continental scales: data management and modelling toolbox
Authors: Jones Josh , Leaniz Carlos Garcia de , Belletti Barbara , Börger Luca , Bizzi Simone , Segura Gilles , Van-de-bund Wouter
Published: February 2021

Restoring river connectivity is a global conservation priority but
quantifying river fragmentation has proved difficult due to the paucity
of good barrier records, duplicate entries, and other sources of biases.
Here we present some tools to help overcome some of these challenges and
illustrate their application with case studies drawn across different
spatial scales. We begin by proposing a classification of artificial
instream barriers that harmonises disparate barrier types into six
functional types, and present a binary classification key for ease of
use. We then introduce a method for excluding duplicate barrier records
that retains most genuine barriers and illustrate its practical use.
Sampling bias is a pervasive problem in barrier inventories and we show
how to detect and correct for it via bootstrapping of data obtained from
standardised field surveys, ad-hoc records provided by citizens, and
modelling. Finally, we show how to assess fragmentation when barriers
cannot be aligned with the river network, and how to estimate barrier
impacts from barrier height and when information on barrier passability
or permeability is not known. Collectively, our toolbox will help
generate more realistic estimates of river fragmentation and help inform
more efficient restoration of river connectivity.
Inhibition of inflammatory pain and cough by a novel charged sodium channel blocker
Authors: Tochitsky Ivan , Jo Sooyeon , Andrews Nick , Kotoda Masakazu , Doyle Benjamin , Shim Jaehoon , Talbot Sebastien , David Roberson , Lee Jinbo , Haste Louise , Jordan Stephen , Levy Bruce , Bean Bruce , Woolf Clifford
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose: Many pain-triggering nociceptor neurons express
TRPV1 or TRPA1, cation-selective channels with large pores that enable
permeation of QX-314, a cationic analogue of lidocaine. Co-application
of QX-314 with TRPV1 or TRPA1 activators can silence nociceptors. We now
describe BW-031, a novel more potent cationic sodium channel inhibitor,
test whether its application alone can inhibit the pain associated with
tissue inflammation, and whether this strategy can also inhibit cough.
Experimental Approach: We characterized BW-031 inhibition of sodium
channels and tested BW-031 in three models of inflammatory pain: rat paw
inflammation produced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant injection or
surgical incision and a mouse paw UV burn model. We also tested the
ability of BW-031 to inhibit cough induced by inhalation of dilute
citric acid in guinea pigs. Key Results: BW-031 inhibited Nav1.7 and
Nav1.1 channels with ~6-fold greater potency than QX-314
when introduced inside cells and entered capsaicin-activated TRPV1
expressing sensory neurons. BW-031 inhibited inflammatory pain in all
three models, producing more effective and longer-lasting inhibition of
pain than QX-314 in the mouse UV burn model. BW-031 was also effective
in reducing cough counts by 78-90% when applied intratracheally under
isoflurane anesthesia or by aerosol inhalation in awake guinea pigs with
airway inflammation produced by ovalbumin sensitization. Conclusion and
Implications: BW-031 a novel cationic sodium channel inhibitor can be
applied locally as a single agent to inhibit inflammatory pain and also
effectively inhibits cough in a guinea pig model of nociceptor-activated
cough, suggesting a new clinical approach to treating cough.
Two-point limited sampling strategy is necessary to estimate the area under the concentration-time curve for intravenous busulfan in infants and young children
Authors: Utano Tomoyuki , Kato Motohiro , Sakamoto Kenichi , Osumi Tomoo , Matsumoto Kana , Tomizawa Daisuke , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Yamatani Akimasa
Published: February 2021

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring for busulfan is important to
prevent adverse events and improve outcomes in stem cell
transplantation. We investigated intravenous busulfan pharmacokinetics
and evaluated the utility of limited sampling strategy (LSS) as a simple
method to estimate the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC).
Procedure: The study comprised 87 busulfan measurements in 54 children
who received intravenous busulfan between August 2015 and May 2020. AUCs
were calculated from 3–5 blood sampling points in each patient, and the
correlation between AUC and plasma concentrations (ng/mL) at 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 6 h after initiating busulfan infusion (C,
C, C, C, and
C, respectively). Results: By one-point sampling
strategy, the most accurate predicted AUC was based on
C (r = 0.789; precision,
11.0%) in all patients. The predicted AUC based on C
was highly precise (r = 0.937; precision,
5.9%) in adolescent patients weighing > 23 kg, but the
correlation was poor in infants and young children weighing ≤23 kg
(r = 0.782; precision, 11.4%). By two-point
sampling strategy, the predicted AUC based on C and
C showed the most favorable performance
(r = 0.943; precision, 6.4%), even in infants
and young children, whereas the predicted AUC based on
C and C was acceptable
(r = 0.963; precision, 5.7%). Conclusions:
The AUC of busulfan can be predicted based on C in
adolescent patients. However, there was substantial inter-individual
variation in busulfan pharmacokinetics in infants and young children, in
whom two-point LSS was necessary for accurate AUC prediction.
The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on children with asthma-related symptoms: A tertiary care center experience
Authors: Golan-Tripto Inbal , Arwas Noga* , Maimon Michal , Bari Romi , Aviram Micha , Gatt Dvir , Goldbart Aviv
Published: February 2021

Background: Acute asthma exacerbations are a common cause for emergency
department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in children. Since the
outbreak of COVID-19 and the education system closure/ total lockdown in
Israel on March 2020, we have noticed a decrease in pediatric ED visits
and an increase in hospitalizations of asthma exacerbations. Objective:
to examine the patterns of ED visits for asthma exacerbations during
COVID-19 outbreak, in comparison to the previous year. Methods: a
retrospective study comparing asthma related ED visits and
hospitalizations among children aged 2-18 years at a tertiary center in
southern Israel. Three time periods were selected: 2020A (pre- lockdown,
1/2/20-14/3/20), 2020B (lockdown, 15/3/20-15/5/20) and 2020 C (post-
lockdown, 16/5/20-30/6/20) and compared to the three parallel time
periods in 2019. Data regarding demographics, number of ED visits and
clinical severity parameters were collected and analyzed. Results: 512
children visited the ED for asthma exacerbation: 273 children during
2019 and 239 children during 2020, with significantly fewer ED visits
per day during the lockdown period (1.8 vs 1.43, p<0.001),
compared to the parallel period in 2019. Significantly higher
hospitalization rate (47.1% vs 33.7%, p=0.05) and longer length of
stay (LOS) (3.15 vs 1.9 days, p= 0.03) were observed during the
lockdown. Conclusion: lockdown is associated with fewer ED visits for
asthma exacerbation, probably due to; reduced exposure to viral
infections and environmental allergens, decreased availability of
primary physicians and families’ reluctance to arrive to the ED. ED
visits during lockdown were characterized by higher hospitalization rate
and longer LOS.
Totality and community: Rosenzweig versus Hegel
Authors: Petrarca Giacomo
Published: February 2021

In his masterpiece The Star of Redemption, Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) shows
as the notion of totality is a constant and central reference in the history
of philosophy from Ionia to Jena. This paper aims to explain a different
meaning of the concept of totality, reconsidering some aspects of the
question starting from the philosophical reflection of Franz Rosenzweig and
his opposition to the Hegelian thought. In particular, according to
Rosenzweig, the concept of totality is the essential background in which one
could rethink the concept of community. For this reason, the second part of
this paper is focused on the implications of a different concept of totality
embodied by Judaism.
Love at the right time. The recognition of others in Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Belmonte García
Published: February 2021

In this article we delve into the conception of love for neighbor present in
The Star of Redemption. Rosenzweig?s New Thinking is in praise of life,
despite pain, and by virtue of love. Becoming oneself passes through the
relationship with the other. Love of neighbor is born from the recognition
of the other as close and representative of all humanity. This love requires
going beyond the ?-isms? that separate us; it involves getting closer to the
other without denying him or her (or even oneself), but recognizing them as
different. But how do we know who we should love at every moment? Prayer,
Rosenzweig would say, is the one that enlightens our neighbors matured for
love.
The silence of the other: The voice and the sign
Authors: Popovic Una
Published: February 2021

This paper is about the interconnectedness of the realm of language with that
of social interactions, constitutive of all human communities. Arguing
against the traditional and still present primacy of the rationally based
understanding of language, I wish to stress the possibility of another
approach to language, strongly related to the question of the Other. Relying
on the idea that the Other is a constitutive part of any linguistic
situation, I wish to inspect how it is possible for the voice of the Other
to be suppressed or silenced, and if that is the case, how we should
understand the silence of the Other. The main result of my findings is that
the silence of the Other is not only meaningful, but that it can have
positive social and political effects, including the enhancement of the
sensitivity for the various modalities of the voice of the Other.