bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Rural Women in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mundagowa Paddington T. , Tapera Oscar , Guzha Bothwell , Fitzpatrick Megan Burke , Mandishora Racheal S. Dube , Kanyangarara Mufaro
Published: November 2024

Objective

To identify the determinants of cervical cancer (CC) screening among underserved rural women in Zimbabwe.

Design

Community‐based cross‐sectional survey.

Sample

840 rural women (25–65 years).

Measurements

A structured, pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and factors influencing screening. The outcome was defined as self‐reported ever screening for CC. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between CC screening and independent variables.

Results

Of the 840 women included, 33% had a history of screening. Women 25–45 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.43; 95% CI: 0.30–0.61) and without medical insurance (aOR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45–0.97) had reduced odds of CC screening. Conversely, women who had seen or heard messages on CC screening (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03–2.13), were living with HIV (aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.22–2.87) reported recent antibiotic use (aOR: 4.50; 95% CI: 1.47–13.79) and had malaria in the last 6 months (aOR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.02–5.86) had increased odds of CC screening.

Conclusion

There is a need for intensified efforts to improve CC screening uptake, particularly in underserved rural areas with suboptimal screening rates and high CC burden. Strategies should include widespread tailored awareness messaging targeting younger women, women living with HIV, and women without medical insurance.
Seasonal and density effects of submerged vegetation restoration on microbial communities in the semi‐constructed wetland
Authors: Hu Jingwen , You Aiju , Hua Lei , Chen Lin , Qiu Shaopeng , Zhang Wei , Zhang Congcong , Xu Zeqi , Zhang Hongqing , Wang Ziming
Published: November 2024

Ecological restoration through the use of submerged vegetation has been widely implemented both domestically and internationally, yielding significant results. The relationship between submerged vegetation and microbial communities has become a key focus in current research. Despite this, the regulation of submerged vegetation density post‐restoration remains a topic of debate, and the impact of submerged vegetation density and seasonal variations on microbial communities requires further investigation. A comprehensive study was conducted on different densities of submerged vegetation communities, water physicochemical properties, sediment nutrients, and bacterial communities following a semi‐constructed wetland ecological restoration project. The results indicated that the submerged vegetation density of around 50% of the water led to the highest dissolved oxygen (DO) content and a greater number of unique operational taxonomic units. Furthermore, both submerged vegetation density and seasonal changes were found to significantly influence microbial α‐ and β‐diversity. Redundancy analyses indicated that environmental factors explained the variability in bacterial α‐diversity, accounting for 74.63% of the variation. Particularly, the CODCr content in water was identified as a key environmental factor affecting bacterial α‐diversity, while DO, pH, turbidity, and total organic carbon in sediment had a significant impact on bacterial α‐diversity in water. This study advances our understanding of the ecological importance of submerged vegetation restoration and its effects on microbial communities, providing valuable insights for the management of submerged vegetation in wetland ecological restoration processes.
Conceptual and practical challenges of assessing soil quality
Authors: Celis Ricardo Andrés Oviedo , Gamboa Cristhian Hernández , Pascual José Antonio , Ros Margarita
Published: November 2024

Soil supports and maintains all life systems on the planet, but society has used it in a way that depletes and degrades it, affecting soil quality. Based on a systemic review of publications appearing between 2000 and 2020, this article analyses the conceptual evolution of soil quality, addressing aspects such as management, sampling depth, methods and indicators of soil quality, and the challenges soil science faces to achieve comprehensive quality assessments that promote soil conservation and its sustainable use. The analysis reveals the conceptual evolution of soil quality and how, from its new conception, the holistic understanding of this natural resource is promoted by including soil ecosystem services and the social component. New methods and indicators have allowed researchers to increase their knowledge of soil quality, and they are relevant in each of the study contexts analysed. However, the minimum data sets (MDS) do not always comprise physical, chemical, and biological attributes. The priorities for comprehensive soil quality assessment include strengthening the participatory approach, introducing sustainability‐based scenarios, including biochemical indicators, and establishing a legal framework that articulates the results of assessments for decision‐making. In the current global context of land use, soil quality should not only be seen as a concept but as a scientific and social instrument that can contribute to comprehensive land planning and management.
Ultraconserved element (UCE) phylogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history and biogeography of Dorymyrmex pyramid ants
Authors: Oberski Jill T.
Published: November 2024

Latitudinal diversity gradients are one of the most widely discussed patterns in global biogeography, generally in the context of high diversity in tropical regions. In contrast, ‘amphitropical’ or ‘inverse’ distributions, once thought to be unusual, are increasingly recognized as common among many hymenopteran insects. One such group is the ant genus Dorymyrmex, which specializes in arid habitats throughout the Americas. To evaluate when and how Dorymyrmex acquired its present‐day distribution, I sequenced partial genomes of 167 Dorymyrmex representing 69 species by targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs). A matrix of 870 genetic loci was used to infer maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies, estimate divergence dates and reconstruct hypothesized ancestral areas. These new analyses reveal that Dorymyrmex comprises four species groups, the D. flavescens, tener, wolffhuegeli, and pyramicus groups. The D. pyramicus group likely dispersed from South America to North America only once, via Central America. Like many Hymenoptera, this dispersal occurred before the traditional closure date of the Isthmus of Panama, corroborating and extending the results of previous studies. Finally, I discuss life history strategies of Dorymyrmex that may have contributed to the geographic and genetic radiation of the D. pyramicus group, detail significant insights into Dorymyrmex morphology and classical taxonomy with new comparative illustrations, and provide recommendations for future work.
Our resolutions and their causes: Twardowski on free will in ethical and legal contexts
Authors: Brożek Anna
Published: November 2024

The paper aimed to reconstruct Twardowski's approach to the problem of free will and his analyses of the consequences of various solutions to this problem in ethics and criminal law. According to Twardowski, if we understand ‘free will’ as the possibility of making resolutions other than actually made, then (most probably) nobody has free will. Our resolutions are determined by a set of mental dispositions (character) and incentives that activate these dispositions. However, the existence of freedom of will such understood is not a necessary condition for the correct functioning of ethical systems or criminal law. On the contrary, ethical systems and criminal law seem to assume that at least some of our resolutions are determined by our relatively stable dispositions. Only then can these resolutions and the actions that follow them be ascribed to certain agents. Twardowski's views on free will are presented here in the context of the metaphilosophical positions of the Lvov–Warsaw School, the central European branch of analytic philosophy. His position is also juxtaposed with Brentano's view of free will and Łukasiewicz's approach to the determinism/indeterminism debate. This juxtaposition illustrates the variety of philosophical positions and the diversity of the metaphilosophical toolkit applied in early analytic philosophy.
H
2
S-Prdx4 axis mitigates Golgi stress to bolster tumor-reactive T cell immunotherapeutic response
Authors: Oberholtzer Nathaniel , Chakraborty Paramita , Kassir Mohamed Faisal , Dressman James , Das Satyajit , Mills Stephanie , Comte-Walters Susana , Gooz Monika , Choi Seungho , Parikh Rasesh Y. , Hedley Zacharia , Vaena Silvia , DeMass Reid , Scurti Gina , Romeo Martin , Gangaraju Vamsi K. , Berto Stefano , Hill Elizabeth , Ball Lauren E. , Mehta Anand S. , Maldonado Eduardo N. , Nishimura Michael I. , Ogretmen Besim , Mehrotra Shikhar
Published: November 2024

The role of tumor microenvironment (TME)–associated inadequate protein modification and trafficking due to insufficiency in Golgi function, leading to Golgi stress, in the regulation of T cell function is largely unknown. Here, we show that disruption of Golgi architecture under TME stress, identified by the decreased expression of GM130, was reverted upon treatment with hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) donor GYY4137 or overexpressing cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of endogenous H
2
S, which also promoted stemness, antioxidant capacity, and increased protein translation, mediated in part by endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi shuttling of Peroxiredoxin-4. In in vivo models of melanoma and lymphoma, antitumor T cells conditioned ex vivo with exogenous H
2
S or overexpressing CBS demonstrated superior tumor control upon adoptive transfer. Further, T cells with high Golgi content exhibited unique metabolic and glycation signatures with enhanced antitumor capacity. These data suggest that strategies to mitigate Golgi network stress or using Golgi
hi
tumor-reactive T cells can improve tumor control upon adoptive transfer.
Gene-environment interactions in the influence of maternal education on adolescent neurodevelopment using ABCD study
Authors: Shi Runye , Chang Xiao , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L. W. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Holz Nathalie , Smolka Michael N. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Lin Xiaolei , Feng Jianfeng ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: November 2024

Maternal education was strongly correlated with adolescent brain morphology, cognitive performances, and mental health. However, the molecular basis for the effects of maternal education on the structural neurodevelopment remains unknown. Here, we conducted gene-environment–wide interaction study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort. Seven genomic loci with significant gene-environment interactions (G×E) on regional gray matter volumes were identified, with enriched biological functions related to metabolic process, inflammatory process, and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, genetic overlapping results with behavioral and disease-related phenotypes indicated shared biological mechanism between maternal education modified neurodevelopment and related behavioral traits. Finally, by decomposing the multidimensional components of maternal education, we found that socioeconomic status, rather than family environment, played a more important role in modifying the genetic effects on neurodevelopment. In summary, our study provided analytical evidence for G×E effects regarding adolescent neurodevelopment and explored potential biological mechanisms as well as social mechanisms through which maternal education could modify the genetic effects on regional brain development.
Generative adversarial networks accurately reconstruct pan-cancer histology from pathologic, genomic, and radiographic latent features
Authors: Howard Frederick M. , Hieromnimon Hanna M. , Ramesh Siddhi , Dolezal James , Kochanny Sara , Zhang Qianchen , Feiger Brad , Peterson Joseph , Fan Cheng , Perou Charles M. , Vickery Jasmine , Sullivan Megan , Cole Kimberly , Khramtsova Galina , Pearson Alexander T.
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence models have been increasingly used in the analysis of tumor histology to perform tasks ranging from routine classification to identification of molecular features. These approaches distill cancer histologic images into high-level features, which are used in predictions, but understanding the biologic meaning of such features remains challenging. We present and validate a custom generative adversarial network—HistoXGAN—capable of reconstructing representative histology using feature vectors produced by common feature extractors. We evaluate HistoXGAN across 29 cancer subtypes and demonstrate that reconstructed images retain information regarding tumor grade, histologic subtype, and gene expression patterns. We leverage HistoXGAN to illustrate the underlying histologic features for deep learning models for actionable mutations, identify model reliance on histologic batch effect in predictions, and demonstrate accurate reconstruction of tumor histology from radiographic imaging for a “virtual biopsy.”
Palmitoylation of TIM-3 promotes immune exhaustion and restrains antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhang Zhaoying , Ren Caiyue , Xiao Rong , Ma Shuaiya , Liu Huimin , Dou Yutong , Fan Yuchen , Wang Shuo , Zhan Peng , Gao Chengjiang , Yue Xuetian , Li Chunyang , Gao Lifen , Liang Xiaohong , Wu Zhuanchang , Ma Chunhong
Published: November 2024

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing protein 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint that has critical roles in immune exhaustion. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate TIM-3 surface expression and turnover. Here, we report that human TIM-3 is palmitoylated by the palmitoyltransferase DHHC9 at residue cysteine 296 (Cys
296
). Palmitoylation stabilized TIM-3 by preventing binding to E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1, thereby suppressing its polyubiquitination and degradation. DHHC9 knockdown attenuated chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell exhaustion, and a peptidic inhibitor of TIM-3 palmitoylation accelerated TIM-3 degradation and enhanced antitumor immunity mediated by CAR-T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In hepatocellular carcinoma, DHHC9 expression correlated with TIM-3 expression in CD8
+
T cells and NK cells, and high DHHC9 expression was associated with shorter survival in patients with high TIM-3. These findings demonstrate that palmitoylation of TIM-3 catalyzed by DHHC9 promotes its stability, resulting in immune exhaustion and impaired antitumor immunity.
Supplemental Material: Mantle xenoliths in Northeast China record deep carbon cycling triggered by subduction of the Pacific Plate
Authors: Xu Pengtao , al. et
Published: November 2024

Figures S1–S3 with references and Tables S1–S6 with references.
Short-duration gamma-ray bursts from Kerr–Newman black hole mergers
Authors: Ali Shad
Published: November 2024

Black hole (BH) mergers are natural sources of gravitational waves (GWs) and are possibly associated with electromagnetic events. Such events from a charged rotating BH with an accretion on to it could be more energetic and ultra-short-lived if the magnetic force dominates the accretion process because the attraction of ionized fluid with a strong magnetic field around the rotating BH further amplifies the acceleration of the charged particle via a gyromagnetic effect. Thus a stronger magnetic field and gravitational pull will provide an inward force to any fluid displaced in the radial direction and move it toward the axis of rotation with an increasing velocity. After many twists during rotation and the existence of restoring agents, Such events could produce a narrow intense jet starts in the form of Poynting flux along the axis of rotation resembling the Blandford–Znajek (BZ) mechanism. We investigated a charged rotating BH and obtained characteristic results (e.g., the remnant mass, magnetic field strength, luminosity, opening angle, viewing angle, and variation of viewing angle on the SGRB luminosity detection) that have a nice coincidence with rare events having GW associated with EM counterparts. This study gives a new insight into events with a strongly magnetized disk dominating the accretion process of energy extraction.
Preliminary results on the transverse flow of K+ mesons from Ag+Ag collisions registered by the HADES experiment
Authors: Orlinski Jan ,   (For the HADES Collaboration)
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the preliminary results on the anisotropies of the azimuthal angle of K[Formula: see text] mesons produced in Ag+Ag collisions at a beam energy of 1.58A[Formula: see text]GeV measured by the HADES spectrometer. The transverse flow effect is measured with the harmonic coefficients of the cosine series describing the azimuthal angle distributions in the transverse momentum-rapidity phase space. The coefficients are corrected for the finite event-plane reconstruction resolution, however, occupancy effects in the detector have not yet been studied. Some indications of the K[Formula: see text] antiflow are visible in the [Formula: see text] distribution.
Third-order NLO study of manganese-doped copper sulfide nanoparticles for optical evolution
Authors: Selvakumar C. , Geetha V. T. , Sathiyamoorthi S. , Sharan R.
Published: November 2024

This work explains the optical limiting application of manganese-doped copper sulfide nanoparticles. The nanoparticle sizes were definite by powder crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis metal–sulfide vibration frequencies were identified by FTIR. Morphology, size and shape of material were studied using SEM and TEM analysis. Crystalline order was shown by the EDAX image. The UV–Vis and IR spectrum has been documented in the range between 190 and 1,100[Formula: see text]nm and it shows that the cutoff wavelength of nanoparticles is around 207[Formula: see text]nm and found that the energy bandgap value is 175[Formula: see text]eV and 222[Formula: see text]eV due to electron–hole threshold energy. Optical third-order nonlinear parameters like nonlinear refractive index [Formula: see text], nonlinear susceptibility [Formula: see text] and nonlinear absorption coefficient [Formula: see text] were calculated by [Formula: see text]-scan studies.
Dynamic Analysis of Elliptical Hull Supported 5MW OC3 Wind Turbine
Authors: Shanmukha Rao Ganta , Ramakrishnan Balaji
Published: November 2024

Winds are vital energy resources among various offshore renewables. The deep draft circular OC3 (Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration) spar-type hull supporting floating wind turbines has recently been installed worldwide. This study considers an OC3 5[Formula: see text]MW wind turbine with a tower base diameter of 6.5[Formula: see text]m and height of 77.6[Formula: see text]m, supported by circular and elliptical shapes for the dynamic analysis, using ANSYS–AQWA. The present study investigated the dynamic characteristics of the elliptical hulls with aspect ratios of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 under the 50-year return periods of combined action of current, wave and wind for the Arabian Sea and the North Sea region. The model results depict that the dynamic responses in active degrees of freedom decrease with an increase in the aspect ratio of the hull and a minimum response is observed for the aspect ratio of 2. Further, the mooring lines fatigue life was estimated for both the sea states.
Application of the L2-orthogonal decomposition of the second fundamental form of the hypersurfaces and the Ahlfors Laplacian to the study of the general relativistic vacuum constraint equations
Authors: Stepanov Sergey , Tsyganok Irina , Mikeš Josef
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider a [Formula: see text]-orthogonal decomposition of the second fundamental form of a closed spacelike hypersurface in a Lorentzian spacetime and its applications to the study of some algebraic-differential properties of the general relativistic vacuum constraint equations. For the study, we will use the well-known Ahlfors Laplacian.
Descent for projective twists of modular curves
Authors: Knyszewski Franciszek
Published: November 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a number field and [Formula: see text] a rational prime. We obtain a simple descent criterion characterizing those projective Galois representations [Formula: see text] for which the corresponding twist [Formula: see text] of the principal modular curve of level [Formula: see text] is defined over [Formula: see text]. We also give a more concrete version of this result for representations which arise from elliptic curves over cyclic number fields.
Direct measurement and optimization of the polarization-dependent modulation depth in super-resolution structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Wang Linbo , Li Simin , Chen Xiaohu , Jin Xin , Zhang Jie , Li Hui , Wen Gang
Published: November 2024

Maintaining the s-polarization state of laser beams is important to achieve high modulation depth in a laser-interference-based super-resolution structured illumination microscope (SR-SIM). However, the imperfect optical components can depolarize the laser beams hence degenerating the modulation depth. Here, we first presented a direct measurement method designed to estimate the modulation depth more precisely by shifting illumination patterns with equal phase steps. This measurement method greatly reduces the dependence of modulation depths on the samples, and then developed a polarization optimization method to achieve high modulation depth at all orientations by actively and quantitatively compensating for the additional phase difference using a combination of waveplate and a liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR). Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve illumination patterns with modulation depth higher than 0.94 at three orientations with only one LCVR voltage, which enables isotropic resolution improvement.
Word-Level Political Sentiments Inferred From Social Media and Application in Recommendation Diversification
Authors: Zhang Yihong , Shirakawa Masumi , Hara Takahiro
Published: November 2024

Political polarization is commonly observed in democratic countries. While it allows individual citizens to freely choose sides, it also causes the problem of separation and isolation. Especially in information-seeking behaviors, echo chambers and filter bubbles are observed. In this article, we present a political sentiment dictionary for analyzing political polarizatio and increasing information heterogeneity. It takes advantage of large-scale social media data and is thus superior in accuracy and coverage compared to manually crafted dictionaries. Generated from Japanese tweets, more than 50k words in this dictionary cover aspects ranging from political parties and public entities to foods and personal hobbies. We describe in detail the method to construct this dictionary, which can be replicated for other languages and countries. We demonstrate the use of this dictionary in the application of recommendation diversification. We show with real-world e-commerce data that the use of the dictionary can generally increase the diversity in product recommendations, effectively mitigating the filter bubbles.
A Mechanistic Rationale for Incretin-Based Therapeutics in the Management of Obesity
Authors: Samms Ricardo J. , Kusminski Christine M.
Published: November 2024

Driven by increased caloric intake relative to expenditure, obesity is a major health concern placing economic and operational strain on healthcare and social care worldwide. Pharmacologically, one of the most effective avenues for the management of excess adiposity is the suppression of appetite. However, owing to the body's natural physiological defense to weight loss and tolerability issues that typically accompany anorectic agents, leveraging this approach to induce sustained weight loss is often easier said than done. As such, to address these challenges, researchers have coupled a thorough understanding of the gut–brain axis with advancements in peptide engineering to design therapeutics mimicking the actions of endocrine hormones to promote a negative energy balance. Indeed, multireceptor agonists targeting the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors produce meaningful weight loss in people with obesity. Herein, we provide a rationale for how activation of the GIP receptor in the brain and the glucagon receptor in the liver and adipose tissue functions to synergize with GLP-1 receptor agonism to curb the drive to feed and ignite the combustion of excess calories for providing next-generation weight loss.
Rethinking electrolyzer design for optimal waste-heat utilization
Authors: Galvan Cara Aldwin Lois , Bongartz Dominik
Published: November 2024

Green hydrogen and electric heating have received attention as separate solutions to make more sustainable material and energy supply networks. However, their combination has rarely been studied to supply both hydrogen and heat to the industry. The conventional design of electrolyzers overlooks the potential for waste-heat utilization. Moreover, the possibility of upgrading the waste heat using heat pumps has not been sufficiently explored. This work analyzes the benefit of designing electrolyzers for waste-heat utilization, evaluates the combination of low temperature electrolysis and heat pumps under different operating conditions, and compares its performance with other electric heating options. The results show that designing for waste-heat utilization leads to more compact electrolyzers and can reduce cost and emissions. Moreover, if there is a medium-temperature heat demand, waste heat upgrading via heat pumps is preferable to direct use for lower-temperature demand.
Retinal Layer and Choroidal Changes in Deep and Scuba Divers: Evidence of Pachychoroid Spectrum‐Like Findings
Authors: Demir Nur , Kayhan Belma , Acar Mertan , Sevincli Sukru , Sonmez Murat
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Diving is an intense physical activity under hyperbaric and hyperoxic conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long‐term effects of diving on the thicknesses of retinal layers and retinal anatomy in professional deep and scuba divers.

Methods: The study included 52 eyes of deep divers who dive to depths of more than 130 feet (ft), 49 eyes of scuba divers who dive up to 130 ft, and 66 eyes of the control group, consisting of nondiving but regularly exercising males. Measurements of macular retinal layer thicknesses, peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and peripheral retinal examinations with scleral indentation were performed and statistically compared between the groups.

Results: The mean diving duration was 455.00 ± 318.88 h in deep divers and 451.67 ± 281.10 h in scuba divers. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was statistically significantly thicker in deep divers than in scuba divers and the control group on the 3 mm ring of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly thicker in deep divers than in scuba divers (p < 0.05). RPE abnormalities showed a significant increase in both the deep and scuba diver groups (p = 0.01).

Conclusion: An increased thickening of the subfoveal choroid and RPE, resembling pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, was detected in deep divers over a long‐term duration.
Low‐Dose Prophylactic Oral Iron Supplementation (Ferrous Fumarate, Ferrous Bisglycinate, and Ferrous Sulphate) in Pregnancy Is Not Associated With Clinically Significant Gastrointestinal Complaints: Results From Two Randomized Studies
Authors: Milman Nils Thorm , Bergholt Thomas
Published: November 2024

Background: Many pregnant women are reluctant to follow the recommendation concerning oral iron prophylaxis due to concerns about gastrointestinal (GI) side effects.

Objective: To assess the frequency of GI complaints during low‐dose oral iron prophylaxis and compare three iron formulas in equipotent doses: ferrous fumarate versus ferrous bisglycinate versus ferrous sulphate, in healthy women with an uncomplicated single pregnancy.

Methods: Results from two randomized, double‐blind studies are reported: the Gentofte study comprising 404 women allocated into four groups taking 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg of elemental iron as ferrous fumarate/day and the Naestved study comprising 78 women allocated into two groups: 25 mg of elemental iron as ferrous bisglycinate/day and 50 mg of elemental iron as ferrous sulphate/day between meals from 15 to 19 weeks of gestation to delivery. GI complaints (nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain/pyrosis, belching, meteorism, borborygmi, intestinal colic, flatulence, loose stools, constipation, and use of laxatives), as well as black stools, were recorded by interview at the time of inclusion and at regular intervals during gestation.

Results: At inclusion, the frequency of total combined GI complaints in all women (n = 482) was 21%. The Gentofte study showed that in the groups taking 20–60 mg iron/day as fumarate, there was no association between the iron dose and the frequency of GI side effects. An iron dose of 80 mg as fumarate was associated with significantly higher frequencies of constipation and the use of laxatives. Comparing the three equipotent doses of iron formulas, which can prevent iron deficiency, ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron had the most favourable GI side effect profile, while ferrous fumarate 40 mg iron and ferrous sulphate 50 mg iron had higher but similar GI side effect profiles. The frequency of black stools increased with the iron dose. Ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron had a lower frequency of black stools (8%) than ferrous fumarate 40 mg iron (22%) and ferrous sulphate 50 mg iron (31%).

Conclusion: Low‐dose iron supplementation appears to have no clinically significant GI side effects, as none of the included women presented with GI complaints of such severity that it necessitated either reduction of iron dose, change to an alternative iron formula, or discontinuation of iron supplement. However, ferrous bisglycinate 25 mg iron/day is associated with significantly fewer GI complaints than ferrous fumarate 40 mg iron/day and ferrous sulphate 50 mg iron/day. Ferrous bisglycinate may be preferred for iron prophylaxis, especially in women experiencing GI side effects when taking other conventional iron formulas.
Assessment of Soil Carbon Stock and Soil Quality in Different Forest Stands and Management Regimes in Terai Region of Nepal
Authors: Kandel Durga , Timilsina Sachin , Ayer Santosh , Chaudhary Saroj Kumar , Gautam Jeetendra , Adhikari Rabindra , Bhatta Kishor Prasad
Published: November 2024

Assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and soil quality for informed forest management is hindered by inadequate data across different forest stand types and management regimes. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess SOC stock and soil quality in two forest stand types, i.e., Shorea robusta (Sal) forest and Terai mixed hardwood (TMH) forest, and selected forest management regimes (leasehold forest, community forest, government‐managed forest, and forest area under protected area) in Terai region of Nepal. Stratified random sampling method was adopted for soil sample collection across terai region following Forest Resource Assessment, Nepal. Altogether, 62 composite soil samples from 30 cm depth were taken from the entire Terai region which included these two forest stand types and four management regimes. Different physical (soil texture and bulk density) and chemical (pH, SOC (%), total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) properties were analyzed to calculate SOC stock and soil quality. Our result found no significant differences in SOC stock among two forest stand types (p > 0.05). Unexpectedly, leasehold forest had significantly (p < 0.05) higher SOC stock than other forest management regimes. In terms of soil quality, among two forest stand types, Sal forest (0.50) was found to be superior compared with TMH forest (0.46). Similarly, community forest had superior soil quality (0.50) than government‐managed forest (0.47), protected area (0.47), and leasehold forest (0.45). A longitudinal study approach is recommended to observe changes in soil properties over time due to climate change and human activities, offering valuable insights into their dynamics.
Finite‐Time Boundedness of Conformable Faulty Fuzzy Systems With Time Delay
Authors: Rhaima Mohamed , Gassara Hamdi , Mchiri Lassaad , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the finite‐time (FT) boundedness problem for the time delay (TD) Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model (TSFM) with conformable derivative (CD) and in the presence of certain actuator faults. Through the reconstruction of an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, some sufficient conditions expressed by the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are given to ensure the FT boundedness of the proposed model not only during regular operation but also when encountering certain actuator faults. Finally, a numerical example and an inverted pendulum system are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.
Data from Resistance Management for Cancer: Lessons from Farmers
Authors: Seyedi Sareh , Harris Valerie K. , Kapsetaki Stefania E. , Narayanan Shrinath , Saha Daniel , Compton Zachary , Yousefi Rezvan , May Alexander , Fakir Efe , Boddy Amy M. , Gerlinger Marco , Wu Christina , Mina Lida , Huijben Silvie , Gouge Dawn H. , Cisneros Luis , Ellsworth Peter C. , Maley Carlo C.
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One of the main reasons we have not been able to cure cancers is that treatments select for drug-resistant cells. Pest managers face similar challenges with pesticides selecting for pesticide-resistant insects, resulting in similar mechanisms of resistance. Pest managers have developed 10 principles that could be translated to controlling cancers: (i) prevent onset, (ii) monitor continuously, (iii) identify thresholds below which there will be no intervention, (iv) change interventions in response to burden, (v) preferentially select nonchemical control methods, (vi) use target-specific drugs, (vii) use the lowest effective dose, (viii) reduce cross-resistance, (ix) evaluate success based on long-term management, and (x) forecast growth and response. These principles are general to all cancers and cancer drugs and so could be employed broadly to improve oncology. Here, we review the parallel difficulties in controlling drug resistance in pests and cancer cells. We show how the principles of resistance management in pests might be applied to cancer. Integrated pest management inspired the development of adaptive therapy in oncology to increase progression-free survival and quality of life in patients with cancers where cures are unlikely. These pest management principles have the potential to inform clinical trial design.
Data from PTEN Loss Shapes Macrophage Dynamics in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Spear Sarah , Le Saux Olivia , Mirza Hasan B. , Iyer Nayana , Tyson Katie , Grundland Freile Fabio , Walton Josephine B. , Woodman Chloé , Jarvis Sheba , Ennis Darren P. , Aguirre Hernandez Carmen , Xu Yuewei , Spiliopoulou Pavlina , Brenton James D. , Costa-Pereira Ana P. , Cook David P. , Vanderhyden Barbara C. , Keun Hector C. , Triantafyllou Evangelos , Arnold James N. , McNeish Iain A.
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) remains a disease with poor prognosis that is unresponsive to current immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although PI3K pathway alterations, such as PTEN loss, are common in HGSC, attempts to target this pathway have been unsuccessful. We hypothesized that aberrant PI3K pathway activation may alter the HGSC immune microenvironment and present a targeting opportunity. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified populations of resident macrophages specific to Pten-null omental tumors in murine models, which were confirmed by flow cytometry. These macrophages were derived from peritoneal fluid macrophages and exhibited a unique gene expression program, marked by high expression of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1). Targeting resident peritoneal macrophages prevented the appearance of HMOX1hi macrophages and reduced tumor growth. In addition, direct inhibition of HMOX1 extended survival in vivo. RNA sequencing identified IL33 in Pten-null tumor cells as a likely candidate driver, leading to the appearance of HMOX1hi macrophages. Human HGSC tumors also contained HMOX1hi macrophages with a corresponding gene expression program. Moreover, the presence of these macrophages was correlated with activated tumoral PI3K/mTOR signaling and poor overall survival in patients with HGSC. In contrast, tumors with low numbers of HMOX1hi macrophages were marked by increased adaptive immune response gene expression. These data suggest targeting HMOX1hi macrophages as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating poor prognosis HGSC.

Significance: Macrophages with elevated HMOX1 expression are enriched in PTEN-deficient high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, promote tumor growth, and represent a potential therapeutic target.
Data from Live-Cell Invasive Phenotyping Uncovers ALK2 as a Therapeutic Target in LKB1-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Koo Junghui , Seong Chang-Soo , Parker Rebecca E. , Herrera Amy , Dwivedi Bhakti , Arthur Robert A. , Dinasarapu Ashok Reddy , Johnston Henry Richard , Claussen Henry , Tucker-Burden Carol , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Fu Haian , Zhou Wei , Marcus Adam I. , Gilbert-Ross Melissa
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The acquisition of invasive properties is a prerequisite for tumor progression and metastasis. Molecular subtypes of KRAS-driven lung cancer exhibit distinct modes of invasion that contribute to unique growth properties and therapeutic susceptibilities. Despite this, preclinical strategies designed to exploit growth within the context of invasion are lacking. To address this, we designed an experimental system to screen for targetable signaling pathways linked to active early 3D invasion phenotypes in different molecular subtypes of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Combined live-cell imaging of human bronchial epithelial cells in a 3D invasion matrix and transcriptomic profiling identified mutant LKB1-specific upregulation of BMP6. LKB1 loss increased BMP6 signaling, which induced the canonical iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Intact LKB1 was necessary to maintain BMP6 signaling homeostasis and restrict ALK2/BMP6-fueled growth. Preclinical studies in a Kras/Lkb1-mutant syngeneic mouse model and in a xenograft model showed potent growth suppression by inhibiting the ALK2/BMP6 signaling axis with single-agent inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials. Lastly, BMP6 expression was elevated in tumors of patients with LKB1-mutant early-stage lung cancer. These results are consistent with those of a model in which LKB1 acts as a “brake” to iron-regulated growth and suggest that ALK2 inhibition can be used for patients with LKB1-mutant tumors.

Significance: Three-dimensional invasion-linked gene expression analysis reveals a therapeutic vulnerability to inhibition of ALK2/BMP6 signaling in LKB1-mutant lung cancer that can be rapidly translated to the clinic.
Data from Precise In Situ Delivery of a Photo-Enhanceable Inflammasome-Activating Nanovaccine Activates Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Zhou Yang , Pang Li , Ding Tao , Chen Kang , Liu Jinzhao , Wu Meicen , Wang Weiping , Man Kwan
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A variety of state-of-the-art nanovaccines (NV) combined with immunotherapies have recently been developed to treat malignant tumors, showing promising results. However, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrains cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and limits the efficacy of immunotherapies in solid tumors. Therefore, tactics for enhancing antigen cross-presentation and reshaping the TME need to be explored to enhance the activity of NVs. Here, we developed photo-enhanceable inflammasome-activating NVs (PIN) to achieve precise in situ delivery of a tumor antigen and a hydrophobic small molecule activating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain–containing protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) pathway. Near-infrared light irradiation promoted PIN accumulation in tumor sites through photo-triggered charge reversal of the nanocarrier. Systematic PIN administration facilitated intratumoral NLRP3 inflammasome activation and antigen cross-presentation in antigen-presenting cells upon light irradiation at tumor sites. Furthermore, PIN treatment triggered immune responses by promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and activating antitumor immunity without significant systematic toxicity. Importantly, the PIN enhanced the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and supported the establishment of long-term immune memory in mouse models of melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Collectively, this study reports a safe and efficient photoresponsive system for codelivery of antigens and immune modulators into tumor tissues, with promising therapeutic potential.

Significance: The development of a photoresponsive nanovaccine with spatiotemporal controllability enables robust tumor microenvironment modulation and enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade, providing an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

See related commentary by Zhen and Chen, p. 3709
Data from DAZAP1 Phase Separation Regulates Mitochondrial Metabolism to Facilitate Invasion and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Ni Zihui , Zhang Yu , Guo Yan , Zhai Rundong , Wang Mengqi , Gong Zizhen , Wang Mengyao , Zeng Fanrui , Gu Ziyue , Chen Qianming , Liu Laikui , Wang Zhiyong , Zhu Weiwen
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis are the underlying causes of high mortality rate due to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Energy metabolism reprogramming has been identified as a crucial process mediating tumor metastasis, thus indicating an urgent need for an in-depth investigation of the specific mechanisms of tumor energy metabolism. Here, we identified an RNA-binding protein, DAZ-associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), as a tumor-promoting factor with an important role in OSCC progression. DAZAP1 was significantly upregulated in OSCC, which enhanced the migration and invasion of OSCC cells and induced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA sequencing analysis and experimental validation demonstrated that DAZAP1 regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism in OSCC. Mechanistically, DAZAP1 underwent liquid–liquid phase separation to accumulate in the nucleus where it enhanced cytochrome c oxidase 16 (COX16) expression by regulating pre-mRNA alternative splicing, thereby promoting OSCC invasion and mitochondrial respiration. In mouse OSCC models, loss of DAZAP1 suppressed EMT, downregulated COX16, and reduced tumor growth and metastasis. In samples from patients with OSCC, expression of DAZAP1 positively correlated with COX16 and a high expression of both proteins was associated with poor patient prognosis. Together, these findings revealed a mechanism by which DAZAP1 supports mitochondrial metabolism and tumor development of OSCC, suggesting the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting DAZAP1 to block OSCC invasion and metastasis.

Significance: The RNA-binding protein DAZAP1 undergoes phase separation to enhance COX16 expression and mediate metabolic reprogramming that enables tumor metastasis, highlighting DAZAP1 as a potential metabolic target for cancer therapy.
Supplementary Table S8 from Chemoradiotherapy and Subsequent Immunochemotherapy as Conversion Therapy in Unresectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase II NEXUS-1 Trial
Authors: Wang Xin , Kang Xiaozheng , Zhang Ruixiang , Xue Liyan , Xu Jiaqi , Zhao Xiaotian , Ou Qiuxiang , Yu Nuo , Feng Guojie , Li Jiao , Zheng Ziyu , Chen Xiankai , Wang Zhen , Zheng Qingfeng , Li Yong , Qin Jianjun , Bi Nan , Li Yin
Published: November 2024

Supplementary Table 8. Associations of genetic alterations with prognosis.
Symptomatology and Management of Adult Anaphylaxis according to Trigger: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khalaf Roy , Prosty Connor , McCusker Christine , Bretholz Adam , Kaouache Mohammed , Clarke Ann E. , Morris Judy , Lim Rodrick , Chan Edmond S. , Goldman Ran D. , O’Keefe Andrew , Gerdts Jennifer , Chu Derek K. , Upton Julia , Hochstadter Elana , Moisan Jocelyn , Zhang Xun , Protudier Jennifer L.P. , Abrams Elissa , Simons Elinor , Ruiz Juan , Ben-Shoshan Moshe
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening allergy, most commonly provoked by food, venom, or drugs. There is limited data regarding differences in symptomatology between anaphylaxis provoked by different triggers. This study aimed to assess sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, and management of anaphylaxis, according to triggers in adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study recruiting adult patients with anaphylactic reactions across 8 emergency departments (EDs) and 1 electronic medical service (EMS) in Canada. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate symptoms involving all patients with the outcome of drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA), venom-induced anaphylaxis (VIA), peanut-induced anaphylaxis (PIA), shellfish-induced anaphylaxis, tree-nut induced anaphylaxis (TIA) and nut-induced anaphylaxis (NIA). We assessed comorbidities associated with severe reactions, stratified by triggers listed above. Additionally, we evaluated the association of each trigger with treatment through regression models involving all patients with medications used as outcome and anaphylaxis triggers used as independent variables. Results: From April 2011 to November 2023, 1,135 adults presenting with anaphylaxis to EDs were recruited. The median age was 35.5 (interquartile range 25.3–51.1). Most of the patients presented with FIA (50.3%). Regarding symptomatology, hypotension was more likely associated with DIA (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11–1.30, p < 0.01). When adjusted for age at reaction and male sex, alcohol was more likely associated (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.04–2.19, p = 0.035) with NIA. Regarding management, TIA was more likely associated with inpatient epinephrine (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.16–3.64, p = 0.014). DIA was less likely associated with outpatient antihistamine (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48–0.89, p < 0.01) whereas TIA was more likely associated with outpatient antihistamine (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.03–3.19, p = 0.040). Conclusion: Our study underscores associations between specific triggers, clinical manifestations and managements, such as the potential link between TIA and throat tightness and hypotension and VIA. Identifying such associations can aid with the prompt diagnosis of anaphylaxis in patients presenting to the ED, leading to swifter treatment initiation and improving overall outcomes.