bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal complexes of Tridentate Schiff base: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking Studies with COVID‐19 Protein Receptor
Authors: Mohamed Gehad G. , Omar M. M. , Ahmed Yasmin M.
Published: September 2021

Mononuclear chelates of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) resulted from new tridentate Schiff base ligand, 4‐((1‐(5‐acetyl‐2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3(2H)‐one, were synthesized. Metal to ligand ratio was found to be1 : 1, which was revealed via elemental analysis and characterized via various spectroscopic tools. IR has point out that the coordination of the ligand towards the metal ions was carried out via NOO donor atoms. UV‐Vis,1H NMR spectral data, molar conductivity measurements, BET surface area, melting points and theoretically through density function theory were used such as characterizing techniques in supporting further interpretation of the complexes structures. The complexes were octahedral except Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes were tetrahedral as suggested from the magnetic moment measurement. The complexes were found to have surface area, pore volume and particle radius of 23–176 m2 g−1, 0.02‐0.33 cc/g and 8.71‐4.32 nm, respectively, as pointed out from BET measurement. Schiff base ligand and metal complexes were testedin vitroto estimate their antimicrobial activity opposed to Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial and fungal organisms. MOE 2008 was used headed for screen potential drugs with molecular docking by the protein sites of new coronavirus and the study was constructed to molecular docking without validation through MD simulations.
Free nonlinear oscillations of cantilever circular cylindrical shells
Authors: Avramov Konstantin
Published: September 2021

Free nonlinear oscillations of cantilever cylindrical shell are studied. The Sanders‐Koiter shell theory and Donnell's nonlinear shell theory are used to obtain the mathematical model of the structure vibrations. Using the assumed‐mode technique, the finite‐DOFs nonlinear dynamical system, which describes the free nonlinear oscillations of the cylindrical shell, is obtained. The harmonic balance technique is applied to analyze free nonlinear vibrations. The Rayleigh‐ Ritz technique is implemented to analyze the structure linear vibrations. The properties of the system linear vibrations are analyzed using the results, which are obtained by the Rayleigh‐ Ritz technique and the commercial software ANSYS. The soft backbone curve is obtained to describe free nonlinear vibrations.
Foundational Concepts of Military Logistics
Authors: van Fenema Paul C. , van Kampen Ton
Published: September 2021

Military logistics can be seen as a set of processes that supports military organizations in their development into a capable and functional sustaining military force. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to bring to the forefront and elaborate on some of the foundational premises of military logistics as it is portrayed in its body of literature. To guide this presentation, a generic model is presented which relates logistics’ process and structure sides to its generic and mission specific sides. After these generic foundations, two deep dive themes are explored:strategic alignment of resources and logistics managementandstrategic defense supply chain security management. Recent historic cases illustrate the two themes. The chapter concludes with new ideas on military logistics innovation and draws attention to innovation and performance challenges in the context of military organizations cooperation.
What Diagrams Are Considered Useful for Solving Mathematical Word Problems in Japan?
Authors: Ayabe Hiroaki , Manalo Emmanuel , Fukuda Mari , Sadato Norihiro
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have shown that diagram use is effective in mathematical word problem solving. However, they have also revealed that students manifest many problems in using diagrams for such purposes. A possible reason is an inadequacy in students’ understanding of variations in types of problems and the corresponding kinds of diagrams appropriate to use. In the present study, a preliminary investigation was undertaken of how such correspondences between problem types and kinds of diagrams are represented in textbooks. One government-approved textbook series for elementary school level in Japan was examined for the types of mathematical word problems, and the kinds of diagrams presented with those problems. The analyses revealed significant differences in association between kinds of diagrams and types of problems. More concrete diagrams were included with problems involving change, combination, variation, and visualization of quantities; while number lines were more often used with comparison and variation problems. Tables and graphs corresponded to problems requiring organization of quantities; and more concrete diagrams and graphs to problems involving quantity visualization. These findings are considered in relation to the crucial role of textbooks and other teaching materials in facilitating strategy knowledge acquisition in students.
Organisationale Strukturveränderungen und berufliche Identitätsbehauptung – Gegenstand und Anlage der Untersuchung
Authors: Janßen Melike , Schimank Uwe , Sondermann Ariadne
Published: September 2021

Untersuchungsgegenstand des Forschungsprojekts, dessen Ergebnisse in diesem Buch dargestellt werden, sind die Auswirkungen der Reformen des deutschen Hochschulsystems („Bologna“, „Exzellenzinitiative“ und „New Public Management“) auf die berufliche Identität von ProfessorInnen. Welche Identitätsbedrohungen, aber auch -chancen gehen von den Reformmaßnahmen, insbesondere von vielfältigen Leistungsbewertungen, aus, und mit welchen Praktiken der Identitätsbehauptung und -darstellung reagieren ProfessorInnen darauf? In diesem Kapitel werden die Relevanz der Fragestellung, ein theoretischer Bezugsrahmen zu ihrer Analyse sowie die empirische Herangehensweise geschildert. Zentrale Datengrundlage der Untersuchung sind Leitfadeninterviews mit ProfessorInnen aus fünf verschiedenen Wissenschaftsgebieten (Zellbiologie, Nachrichten- und Hochfrequenztechnik, Vergleichende Regierungslehre, Strafrecht und Neuere Deutsche Literaturwissenschaft).
Zwischen Traditionsbewahrung und Modernisierungsbereitschaft: Professorale Ansprüche an Lehre und Forschung
Authors: Janßen Melike , Schimank Uwe , Sondermann Ariadne
Published: September 2021

In diesem Kapitel beginnt die Interviewauswertung. Es geht zunächst darum, Vorstellungen der ProfessorInnen darüber herauszuarbeiten, was ‚gute‘ Lehre und Forschung jeweils ausmacht. Denn diese Vorstellungen sind als Identitätskomponenten der Maßstab, anhand dessen die von den Reformvorhaben hervorgebrachten Strukturveränderungen, insbesondere die mit Leistungsbewertungen verbundenen, beurteilt werden. Bereits hier werden, bei vielen Gemeinsamkeiten der meisten Befragten, Unterschiede zwischen den Wissenschaftsgebieten sowie zwischen den Karrierestufen erkennbar. Deutlich wird aber auch bereits, dass die im Mediendiskurs über die Hochschulreformen dominierende journalistische Darstellung von ProfessorInnen als Besitzstandswahrern und nur an Forschung Interessierten ein Zerrbild zeichnet.
Einleitung
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke
Published: September 2021

Seit vielen Jahrzehnten gibt es in Deutschland Migrantenselbstorganisationen (im Folgenden kurz: MSO), unter denen mit einer konsensorientierten Definition in der vorliegenden Arbeit Organisationen verstanden werden, die von einst zugewanderten Menschen oder deren Nachfahren gegründet wurden und deren Mitglieder mehrheitlich eine Zuwanderungsgeschichte besitzen. Die Geschichte der MSO in Deutschland beginnt mit der Ankunft der sogenannten „Gastarbeiter“ in den 1950/60er Jahren aufgrund der Abschlüsse von Anwerbeverträgen der Bundesrepublik mit Italien (1955), Griechenland und Spanien (1960), der Türkei (1961), Marokko (1963), Portugal (1964), Tunesien (1965) sowie Jugoslawien (1968). Der Zuzug fand überwiegend aufgrund der aktiven Anwerbung von Arbeitsmigranten sowie den Beschäftigungsgesuchen der Vertragsländer statt.
Engagement und Zivilgesellschaft: Konzeptualisierung und gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke
Published: September 2021

Einem konsensfähigen Verständnis zufolge bezeichnet freiwilliges,zivilgesellschaftliches oder bürgerschaftliches Engagement eine freiwillige, nicht auf materiellen Gewinn ausgerichtete, in der Regel gemeinschaftlich-kooperativ und mit Gemeinwohlorientierung im öffentlichen Raum ausgeübte konkrete Aufgabe oder Arbeit (Heinze/Olk 2001; Enquete 2002: 38; Alscher et al. 2009: 10; BMFSFJ 2017: 68 ff.). Damit handelt es sich bei freiwilligem Engagement nicht um gemeinschaftlich ausgeübte Aktivitäten im Sinne eines „Mitmachens“ ohne eine konkrete Aufgabenübernahme, wie es etwa bei der Teilnahme an einem Wettkampf im Rahmen eines Sportfestes der Fall wäre.
A Study of Bio-Computational Design in Terms of Enhancing Water Absorption by Method of Bionics Within the Architectural Fields
Authors: Mao Gang
Published: September 2021

This essay aims to explore an architecture computational design intended to accept and absorb moisture through geometrical and material conditions, and using design strategies, help deliver this moisture upwards through capillary action to areas of cryptogamic growth including mosses and smaller ferns on the surface of architecture. The purpose of this research project is to explore the morphology of general capillary systems based on research into the principle of xylematic structures in trees, thereby creating a range of capillary designs using three types of material: plaster, 3D print plastic, and concrete. In addition, computational studies are used to examine various types of computational designs of organic structures, such as columns, driven by physical and environmental conditions such as sunshine, shade, tides and other biological processes to explore three-dimensional particle-based branching systems that define both structural and water delivery paths.
Custom-Fit and Lightweight Optimization Design of Exoskeletons Using Parametric Conformal Lattice
Authors: Liu Fuyuan , Chen Min , Wang Lizhe , Wang Xiang , Lo Cheng-Hung
Published: September 2021

This paper presents an integrated design method for the customization and lightweight design of free-shaped wearable devices, illustrated by a lower limb exoskeleton. The customized design space is derived from the 3D scanning models. Based on the finite element analysis, the structural framework is determined through topology optimization with allowable strength. By means of generative design, the lattice library is constructed to fill the frames under different conformal algorithms. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by the exoskeleton design case.
Diversifying Emotional Experience by Layered Interfaces in Affective Interactive Installations
Authors: Gu Sijia , Lu Yue , Kong Yuwei , Huang Jiale , Xu Weishun
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to improve users’ experience in affective interactive installations through the diversification of interfaces. With logically organized hierarchical experience, diverse interfaces with emotion data as inputs enhance users’ emotional interaction to be more natural and immersive. By using facial affect detection technology, an installation with diverse input interfaces was tested with an organic formal setting. Mechanical flowers and support structure based on the organic form were deployed as its physical output for a multitude of sensorial dimensions. With actions of the mechanical flowers, such as blooming, closing, rotating, glowing and blinking, a layered experiential sequence was created and the atmosphere of the installation was evaluated to be more engaging. In this way, the layered complexity of information was transferred to users’ immersive emotional experience. We believe that the practices in this work can contribute to deeper emotional engagement with users and add new layers of emotional interactivity.
Subjectively Measured Streetscape Qualities for Shanghai with Large-Scale Application of Computer Vision and Machine Learning
Authors: Qiu Waishan , Li Wenjing , Liu Xun , Huang Xiaokai
Published: September 2021

Recently, many new studies emerged to apply computer vision (CV) to street view imagery (SVI) dataset to objectively extract the view indices of various streetscape features such as trees to proxy urban scene qualities. However, human perceptions (e.g., imageability) have a subtle relationship to visual elements which cannot be fully captured using view indices. Conversely, subjective measures using survey and interview data explain more human behaviors. However, the effectiveness of integrating subjective measures with SVI dataset has been less discussed. To address this, we integrated crowdsourcing, CV, and machine learning (ML) to subjectively measure four important perceptions suggested by classical urban design theory. We first collected experts’ rating on sample SVIs regarding the four qualities which became the training labels. CV segmentation was applied to SVI samples extracting streetscape view indices as the explanatory variables. We then trained ML models and achieved high accuracy in predicting the scores. We found a strong correlation between predicted complexity score and the density of urban amenities and services Point of Interests (POI), which validates the effectiveness of subjective measures. In addition, to test the generalizability of the proposed framework as well as to inform urban renewal strategies, we compared the measured qualities in Pudong to other five renowned urban cores worldwide. Rather than predicting perceptual scores directly from generic image features using convolution neural network, our approach follows what urban design theory suggested and confirms various streetscape features affecting multi-dimensional human perceptions. Therefore, its result provides more interpretable and actionable implications for policymakers and city planners.
Process and Evaluation of Automated Robotic Fabrication System for In-Situ Structure Confinement
Authors: Kumar B. Bala Murali , Hsueh Yun Chung , Xin Zhuoyang , Luo Dan
Published: September 2021

The additive manufacturing process is gaining momentum in the construction industry with the rapid progression of large-scale 3D printed technologies. An established method of increasing the structural performance of concrete is by wrapping it with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP). This paper proposes a novel additive process to fabricate a FRP formwork by dynamic layer winding of the FRP fabric with epoxy resin paired with an industrial scale robotic arm. A range of prototypes were fabricated to explore and study the fabrication parameters. Based on the systemic exploration, the limitations, the scope, and the feasibility of the proposed additive manufacturing method is studied for large scale customisable structural formworks.
Punch Card Patterns Designed with GAN
Authors: Melnyk Virginia Ellyn
Published: September 2021

Knitting punch cards codify different stitch patterns into binary patterns, telling the machine when to change color or to generate different stitch types. This research utilizes Neural Networks (NN) and image-based Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), with an image database of knitting punch cards, to generate new punch card designs. The hypothesis is that artificial intelligence will learn the basic underlying structures of the punch cards and the pattern makeup that is inherent across patterns of different styles and cultures. Different neural networks were utilized throughout the research, such as Neural Style Transfer (NST), AdaIN Style Transfers, and StyleGAN2. The results from these explorations offer different insights into pattern design and various outcomes of the different neural networks. Ultimately physically testing these punch card designs, these patterns were knit on a domestic knitting machine, resulting in novel fabrication and design techniques that are both digital and craft-based.
A closer look at observables from exclusive semileptonic B → (π, ρ)ℓνℓ decays
Authors: Biswas Aritra , Nandi Soumitra
Published: September 2021

Abstract

This article analyses the available inputs in B → πℓνℓ and B → ρℓνℓ decays which include the measured values of differential rate in different q2-bins (lepton invariant mass spectrum), lattice, and the newly available inputs on the relevant form-factors from the light-cone sum rules (LCSR) approach. We define different fit scenarios, and in each of these scenarios, we predict a few observables in the standard model (SM). For example, $$ R(M)=\frac{\mathcal{B}\left(B\to M{\ell}_i{\nu}_{\ell_i}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left(B\to M{\ell}_j{\nu}_{\ell_j}\right)},{R}_{\ell_j}^{\ell_i}(M)=\frac{\mathcal{B}\left(B\to {\ell}_i{\nu}_{\ell_i}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left(B\to M{\ell}_j{\nu}_{\ell_j}\right)} $$
R

M

=

B

B
→
M

ℓ
i

ν

ℓ
i

B

B
→
M

ℓ
j

ν

ℓ
j

,

R

ℓ
j

ℓ
i

M

=

B

B
→

ℓ
i

ν

ℓ
i

B

B
→
M

ℓ
j

ν

ℓ
j

with M = π or ρ and ℓi,j = e, μ or τ. We also discuss the new physics (NP) sensitivities of all these observables and obtain bounds on a few NP Wilson coefficients in b → uτντ decays using the available data. We have noted that the data at present allows sizeable NP contributions in this mode. Also, we have predicted a few angular observables relevant to these decay modes.
Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Containing Low Pathogenic Viral Genes in a Local Live Poultry Market, Vietnam
Authors: Le Tran Bac , Le Van Phan , Lee Ji-Eun , Kang Jung-Ah , Trinh Thi Bich Ngoc , Lee Hyeok Won , Jeong Dae Gwin , Yoon Sun-Woo
Published: September 2021

Sites of live poultry trade and marketing are hot spots for avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission. We conducted active surveillance at a local live poultry market (LPM) in northern Vietnamese provinces in December 2016. Feces samples from the market were collected and tested for AIV. A new reassorted AIV strain was isolated from female chickens, named A/chicken/Vietnam/AI-1606/2016 (H5N6), and was found to belong to group C of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic (HP) AIVs. The neuraminidase gene belongs to the reassortant B type. The viral genome also contained polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic, which were most closely related to domestic-duck-origin low pathogenic AIVs in Japan (H3N8) and Mongolia (H4N6). The other six genes were most closely related to poultry-origin H5N6 HP AIVs in Vietnam and had over 97% sequence identity with human AIV isolate A/Guangzhou/39715/2014 (H5N6). The new reassorted AIV isolate A/chicken/Vietnam/AI-1606/2016 (H5N6) identified in this study exemplifies AIVs reassortment and evolution through contact among wild birds, poultry farms, and LPMs. Therefore, active surveillance of AIVs is necessary to prevent potential threats to human and animal health.
Body mapping of sweating patterns of pre-pubertal children during intermittent exercise in a warm environment
Authors: Arlegui Leigh , Smallcombe James W. , Fournet Damien , Tolfrey Keith , Havenith George
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To determine sweating responses of pre-pubertal children during intermittent exercise in a warm environment and create whole-body maps of regional sweat rate (RSRs) distribution across the body.

Methods

Thirteen pre-pubertal children; six girls and seven boys (8.1 ± 0.8 years) took part. Sweat was collected using the technical absorbent method in the last 5 min of a 30-min intermittent exercise protocol performed at 30 ℃, 40% relative humidity and 2 m·s−1 frontal wind.

Results

Mean gross sweat loss (GSL) was 126 ± 47 g·m−2·h−1 and metabolic heat production was 278 ± 50 W·m2. The lower anterior torso area had the lowest RSR with a median (IQR) sweat rate (SR) of 40 (32) g·m−2·h−1. The highest was the forehead with a median SR of 255 (163) g·m−2·h−1. Normalised sweat maps (the ratio of each region’s SR to the mean SR for all measured pad regions) showed girls displayed lower ratio values at the anterior and posterior torso, and higher ratios at the hands, feet and forehead compared to boys. Absolute SRs were similar at hands and feet, but girls sweated less in most other areas, even after correction for metabolic rate.

Conclusion

Pre-pubertal children have different RSRs across the body, also showing sex differences in sweat distribution. Distributions differ from adults. Hands and feet RSR remain stable, but SR across other body areas increase with maturation. These data can increase specificity of models of human thermoregulation, improve the measurement accuracy of child-sized thermal manikins, and aid companies during product design and communication.
The bile acid-sensitive ion channel (BASIC) mediates bile acid-dependent currents in bile duct epithelial cells
Authors: Wiegreffe Shari , Löhrer Daniel , Wirtz Monika , Wiemuth Dominik
Published: September 2021

The bile acid-sensitive ion channel (BASIC) is a member of the Deg/ENaC family of ion channels that is activated by bile acids. Despite the identification of cholangiocytes in the liver and unipolar brush cells in the cerebellum as sites of expression, the physiological function of BASIC in these cell types is not yet understood. Here we used a cholangiocyte cell line, normal rat cholangiocytes (NRCs), which expresses BASIC to study the role of the channel in epithelial transport using Ussing chamber experiments. Apical application of bile acids induced robust and transient increases in transepithelial currents that were carried by Na+ and partly blocked by the BASIC inhibitor diminazene. Genetic ablation of the BASIC gene in NRC using a CRISPR-cas9 approach resulted in a decrease of the bile acid-mediated response that matched the diminazene-sensitive current in NRC WT cells, suggesting that cholangiocytes respond to bile acids with a BASIC-mediated Na+ influx. Taken together, we have identified BASIC as a component of the cholangiocyte transport machinery, which might mediate a bile acid-dependent modification of the bile and thus control bile flux and composition.
Non-melanoma skin cancer diagnosis: a comparison between dermoscopic and smartphone images by unified visual and sonification deep learning algorithms
Authors: Dascalu A. , Walker B. N. , Oron Y. , David E. O.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequent keratinocyte-origin skin tumor. It is confirmed that dermoscopy of NMSC confers a diagnostic advantage as compared to visual face-to-face assessment. COVID-19 restrictions diagnostics by telemedicine photos, which are analogous to visual inspection, displaced part of in-person visits. This study evaluated by a dual convolutional neural network (CNN) performance metrics in dermoscopic (DI) versus smartphone-captured images (SI) and tested if artificial intelligence narrows the proclaimed gap in diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

A CNN that receives a raw image and predicts malignancy, overlaid by a second independent CNN which processes a sonification (image-to-sound mapping) of the original image, were combined into a unified malignancy classifier. All images were histopathology-verified in a comparison between NMSC and benign skin lesions excised as suspected NMSCs. Study criteria outcomes were sensitivity and specificity for the unified output.

Results

Images acquired by DI (n = 132 NMSC, n = 33 benign) were compared to SI (n = 170 NMSC, n = 28 benign). DI and SI analysis metrics resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.911 and 0.821, respectively. Accuracy was increased by DI (0.88; CI 81.9–92.4) as compared to SI (0.75; CI 68.1–80.6, p < 0.005). Sensitivity of DI was higher than SI (95.3%, CI 90.4–98.3 vs 75.3%, CI 68.1–81.6, p < 0.001), but not specificity (p = NS).

Conclusion

Telemedicine use of smartphone images might result in a substantial decrease in diagnostic performance as compared to dermoscopy, which needs to be considered by both healthcare providers and patients.
Clinical impact of rare variants associated with inherited channelopathies: a 5-year update
Authors: Sarquella-Brugada Georgia , Fernandez-Falgueras Anna , Cesar Sergi , Arbelo Elena , Coll Mónica , Perez-Serra Alexandra , Puigmulé Marta , Iglesias Anna , Alcalde Mireia , Vallverdú-Prats Marta , Fiol Victoria , Ferrer-Costa Carles , del Olmo Bernat , Picó Ferran , Lopez Laura , García-Alvarez Ana , Jordà Paloma , Tiron de Llano Coloma , Toro Rocío , Grassi Simone , Oliva Antonio , Brugada Josep , Brugada Ramon , Campuzano Oscar
Published: September 2021

A proper interpretation of the pathogenicity of rare variants is crucial before clinical translation. Ongoing addition of new data may modify previous variant classifications; however, how often a reanalysis is necessary remains undefined. We aimed to extensively reanalyze rare variants associated with inherited channelopathies originally classified 5 years ago and its clinical impact. In 2016, rare variants identified through genetic analysis were classified following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics’ recommendations. Five years later, we have reclassified the same variants following the same recommendations but including new available data. Potential clinical implications were discussed. Our cohort included 49 cases of inherited channelopathies diagnosed in 2016. Update show that 18.36% of the variants changed classification mainly due to improved global frequency data. Reclassifications mostly occurred in minority genes associated with channelopathies. Similar percentage of variants remain as deleterious nowadays, located in main known genes (SCN5A, KCNH2 and KCNQ1). In 2016, 69.38% of variants were classified as unknown significance, but now, 53.06% of variants are classified as such, remaining the most common group. No management was modified after translation of genetic data into clinics. After 5 years, nearly 20% of rare variants associated with inherited channelopathies were reclassified. This supports performing periodic reanalyses of no more than 5 years since last classification. Use of newly available data is necessary, especially concerning global frequencies and family segregation. Personalized clinical translation of rare variants can be crucial to management if a significant change in classification is identified.
Provenance of lower Palaeozoic metasediments of the East Odenwald (Mid-German-Crystalline Zone, Variscides)—a correlation with the East European Platform (Poland)
Authors: Dörr Wolfgang , Stein Eckhardt , Kirchner Ferdinand , Meinaß Henri Paul , Velledits Felicitás
Published: September 2021

U–Pb age spectra of detrital zircons related to the East European Platform could be traced in paragneiss through the whole Mid-German-Crystalline Zone (Variscides, Central Europe) from the Odenwald via the Spessart to the Ruhla crystalline forming an exotic unit between Armorica and Laurussia. The depositional ages of the paragneiss are defined by the youngest age of the detrital zircons and the oldest intrusion ages as Ordovician to Silurian. The Ediacaran dominated age spectrum of detrital zircons from the paragneiss of the East Odenwald suggests the latter to be derived from the shelf of the East European Platform (Baltica), which was influenced by the 1.5 Ga old detritus delivered from a giant intrusion (Mazury granitoid, Poland). The detrital zircon age spectrum of the lower Palaeozoic paragneiss of the East Odenwald and sandstone of the northern Holy Cross Mountains are identical. The pure Sveconorwegian spectrum of the lower Palaeozoic quartzite from the Spessart, (Kirchner and Albert Int J Earth Sci 2020) and the Ruhla (Zeh and Gerdes Gondwana Res 17:254–263, 2010) could be sourced from Bornholm and southern Sweden. A U–Pb age spectrum with 88% Palaeozoic detrital zircons from a volcano-sedimentary rock of the East Odenwald is interpreted to be derived from a Silurian magmatic arc (46%), which was probably generated during the drift of the Mid-German-Crystalline Zone micro-continent to the south. A tentative plate tectonic model of Mid-German-Crystalline Zone is presented taking into account (a) the East European Platform related age spectra of the detrital zircons (b) the Ordovician to Silurian depositional age of the metasediments (c) the Silurian and Early Devonian intrusion age of the plutonic and volcanic rocks and (d) the U–Pb ages of the Middle Devonian high-grade metamorphism. The East European Platform-related part of the Mid-German-Crystalline Zone is interpreted as a micro-continent, which drifted through the Rheic Ocean to the south and collided with the Saxothuringian (Armorican Terrane Assemblage) during the Early Devonian. Such large-scale tectonic transport from the northern continent to the southern continent is also known from the SW Iberia, where Laurussia-related metasediments of the Rheic suture zone are explained by a large scale tectonic escape (Braid et al. J Geol Soc Lond 168:383–392, 2011).
A holistic approach to model electricity loads in cities
Authors: Köhler S. , Betz M. , Duminil E. , Eicker U. , Schröter B.
Published: September 2021

Time-resolved, occupancy-dependent electricity load profiles at building level for city quarters or entire cities are important for planning authorities, project developers, utilities or other stakeholders in order to develop energy saving strategies and meet climate targets. Firstly, this information enables a more accurate modelling of renewable energy systems. Secondly, aspects like sector coupling, storage decisions and the impact of technologies such as electric vehicles or heat pumps on the grid can be considered. Thirdly, it allows a more detailed economic analysis. This paper contains the newly added features to the simulation environment SimStadt, which is used for strategic modelling of sustainable urban or regional areas with a spatial resolution at the building level. SimStadt interlinks 3D CityGML models with parameters for buildings physics to simulate energy demands and renewable energy potential. It was enhanced by the development of an electricity load profile generator with variable resolution and the addition of an hourly resolved PV potential analysis including a variable economic analysis. This enables e.g. the evaluation of photovoltaic potential with the associated investment, operating and levelized costs over the lifetime of hundreds of individual buildings in parallel. Together with additional electric building demand from heat pumps, electric vehicles or load shifting options through the use of battery storage, it will be possible to assess and compare the feasibility, benefits and economic viability of energy/electricity-related urban renewal measures in even greater detail and with a holistic perspective. The simulation platform enables the development of granular sustainable urban (sub)strategies and energy concepts through a holistic, time-resolved, building-specific approach to support transformation of the building stock to a sustainable, low-carbon one.
Deep Composition of Tensor-Trains Using Squared Inverse Rosenblatt Transports
Authors: Cui Tiangang , Dolgov Sergey
Published: September 2021

Characterising intractable high-dimensional random variables is one of the fundamental challenges in stochastic computation. The recent surge of transport maps offers a mathematical foundation and new insights for tackling this challenge by coupling intractable random variables with tractable reference random variables. This paper generalises the functional tensor-train approximation of the inverse Rosenblatt transport recently developed by Dolgov et al. (Stat Comput 30:603–625, 2020) to a wide class of high-dimensional non-negative functions, such as unnormalised probability density functions. First, we extend the inverse Rosenblatt transform to enable the transport to general reference measures other than the uniform measure. We develop an efficient procedure to compute this transport from a squared tensor-train decomposition which preserves the monotonicity. More crucially, we integrate the proposed order-preserving functional tensor-train transport into a nested variable transformation framework inspired by the layered structure of deep neural networks. The resulting deep inverse Rosenblatt transport significantly expands the capability of tensor approximations and transport maps to random variables with complicated nonlinear interactions and concentrated density functions. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach on a range of applications in statistical learning and uncertainty quantification, including parameter estimation for dynamical systems and inverse problems constrained by partial differential equations.
Wachstums- und Verschuldungseffekte einer kreditfinanzierten öffentlichen Investitionsoffensive
Authors: Dullien Sebastian , Jürgens Ekaterina , Paetz Christoph , Watzka Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Öffentliche Investitionen stehen ganz oben auf der wirtschaftspolitischen Agenda in Deutschland. Simulationen mit dem makroökonomischen Mehrländermodell NiGEM zeigen, dass sich ein großes, 460 Mrd. Euro umfassendes, kreditfinanziertes Investitionsprogramm nach spätestens 30 Jahren selbst finanzieren würde. In der Zwischenzeit würden Wirtschaftsleistung und private Investitionstätigkeit deutlich kräftiger ausfallen als ohne solch eine Initiative.
Strukturwandel: Zukunftsangst in der Industrie
Authors: von Werder Marten , Rukwid Ralf
Published: September 2021

Die Corona-Krise überlagert in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung, wie stark der Strukturwandel in der Industrie bereits zu weitreichendem Arbeitsplatzabbau führt. Strukturwandel ist aber nicht gleich Strukturwandel: Die Art und Weise, wie Digitalisierung und Dekarbonisierung politisch umgesetzt werden, beeinflusst maßgeblich, wie sich die Aussichten für Beschäftigte in der Industrie entwickeln. Gerade kleine Betriebe scheinen unabhängig von ihrer Wirtschaftlichkeit gefährdet, da die Rahmenbedingungen der Transformation zu unsicher sind. Eine umfassende Beschäftigtenbefragung zeigt: Die Verunsicherung in den Leitbranchen der hiesigen Industrie ist groß. Die Beschäftigten fürchten vielerorts um ihre Jobs, hoffen auf stärkere Weiterbildung und eine gezielte aktive Industriepolitik — die nächste Bundesregierung ist hier gefordert.
Analysis of genotype-by-environment interaction in a multisite progeny test with Scots pine for supporting selection decisions
Authors: Chmura Daniel J. , Barzdajn Władysław , Kowalkowski Wojciech , Guzicka Marzenna , Rożkowski Roman
Published: September 2021

In multisite forest genetic experiments, the presence of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) is common. GEI may negatively affect the estimates of genetic variance and hamper selection decisions in tree breeding programs. Several measures exist to evaluate the stability of tested genotypes’ performance across environments with a choice of the method likely affecting breeders’ decisions. In this study, we evaluated variation in diameter and height growth performance in the progeny test established at 4 sites with 80 open-pollinated half-sib families of Scots pine. We found significant variation among examined progeny at age 10, reaching up to 31% for diameter and 20% for height depending on site, and significant GEI in both traits. We estimated contribution of each family to GEI using various methods and tools of GEI analysis—AMMI, GGE biplots, heterogeneity of regression coefficients (bi’s), the deviation mean squares from regression (s2di) and Kang’s yield-stability index (YSi). Despite the presence of the cross-over interaction, family ranks did not vary much among sites. The selections based on the phenotype, YSi and restricted bi corresponded well to each other leading to the expected response to selection up to 7.8% on diameter and 4.4% on height, whereas those based on the AMMI stability variance were different and lead to a slight loss in both traits. We discuss our results in the context of the usefulness of those measures of genotype stability for tree breeding programs and propose the procedure to follow for making selection decisions in forest experiments with GEI.
Survival impact of perioperative changes in prognostic nutritional index levels after esophagectomy
Authors: Haneda Ryoma , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kawata Sanshiro , Honke Junko , Soneda Wataru , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Morita Yoshifumi , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Kamiya Kinji , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: September 2021

Background

The correlation between perioperative changes in nutritional status during esophagectomy and prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of changes in prognostic nutritional index levels during the perioperative period on esophageal cancer patient survivals.

Methods

From January 2009 to May 2019, 158 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. From the time-dependent ROC analysis, the cutoff values of preoperative and postoperative prognostic nutritional index levels were 46.9 and 40.9. Patients were divided into preoperative-high group (Group H) and preoperative-low group (Group L). Then, patients in Group L were divided into preoperative-low and postoperative-high group (Group L–H) and preoperative-low and postoperative-low group (Group L–L). Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors were evaluated.

Results

Patients in Group L had significantly worse overall survival than those in Group H (p = 0.001). Patients in Group L–L had significantly worse overall survival than those in Group L–H (p = 0.023). However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between Groups H and L–H (p = 0.224). In multivariable analysis, advanced pathological stage (hazard ratio 10.947, 95% confidence interval 2.590–46.268, p = 0.001) and Group L–L (hazard ratio 2.171, 95% confidence interval 1.249–3.775, p = 0.006) were independent predictors of poor overall survival.

Conclusions

Patients in Group L–H had a good prognosis, similar to those in Group H. This result indicated that increasing the postoperative prognostic nutritional index level sufficiently using various intensive perioperative support methods could improve prognosis after esophagectomy in patients with poor preoperative nutritional status.
Treatment and Prophylaxis of Post-pericardiotomy Syndrome in Cardiac Surgery Patients: a Systematic Review
Authors: Giacinto Omar , Minati Alessandro , Lusini Mario , Cardetta Francesco , Saltarocchi Sara , D’Abramo Mizar , Miraldi Fabio , Chello Massimo
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Post-pericardiotomy syndrome (PPS) is a common complication of cardiac surgery. This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of colchicine, indomethacin, and dexamethasone in the treatment and prophylaxis of PPS.

Methods

Literature research was carried out using PubMed. Studies investigating ≥ 10 patients with clinically PPS treated with colchicine, dexamethasone, and indomethacin and compared with placebo were included. Animal or in vitro experiments, studies on < 10 patients, case reports, congress reports, and review articles were excluded. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) was used for the quality assessment of studies.

Results

Seven studies were included. Among studies with postoperative colchicine treatment, two of them demonstrated a significant reduction of PPS. In the single pre-surgery colchicine administration study, a decrease of PPS cases was registered. Indomethacin pre-surgery administration was linked to a reduction of PPS. No significant result emerged with preoperative dexamethasone intake.

Conclusion

Better outcomes have been registered when colchicine and indomethacin were administered as primary prophylactic agents in preventing PPS and PE. Further RCT studies are needed to confirm these results.
High oxygen barrier chitosan films neutralized by alkaline nanoparticles
Authors: Jančič Urška , Božič Mojca , Hribernik Silvo , Mohan Tamilselvan , Kargl Rupert , Kleinschek Karin Stana , Gorgieva Selestina
Published: September 2021

The most frequent neutralisation procedure, applied on chitosan (CS) films includes treatment with NaOH base. Such treatment endows CS films with stability in water, yet, same can significantly decrease the film performance. In the present paper, we investigate Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles as a neutralisation agent for CS solutions followed by casting into films. This is combined and compared with classical casting and film drying from non-neutralized solutions followed by NaOH treatment after film formation. The influence on the properties of resulting films is investigated in detail and large differences are found for structure and barrier properties. The stable, opaque-to-transparent CS films (depending on Mg(OH)2 content and post-treatment) were obtained by facile casting method of neat CS or CS–Mg(OH)2 dispersions, in the complete absence of cross-linkers and plasticizers. FTIR data demonstrate the Mg(OH)2 and NaOH deprotonation effect, and strongly suggest intensive H-bonding interaction between CS and Mg(OH)2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed differences in the hydroxide content and protonation of CS nitrogen. The reduction of surface roughness and increase of homogeneity, the tensile strength and elongation, as well as thermal stability and excellent oxygen barrier properties were measured for CS enclosing the Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles. Further treatment with 1 M NaOH causes re-packing of CS polymer chains, improving the crystallinity and water vapour barrier properties, degrading the mechanical properties by increasing the films brittleness and increasing the char formation due to reduced thermal stability.

Graphic abstract
Parental Depressive Symptoms, Parent Attributional Style, and Child Coping as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Children of Parents with Anxiety or Mood Disorders
Authors: Wong Mun , Power Thomas G.
Published: September 2021

Few studies have examined the effects of parental depressive symptoms on children in China. The present study examined the relationships between parental depression, parental attributional style, children’s coping strategies and 5–12-year-old children’s depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese children whose parents had been diagnosed with an anxiety or a mood disorder. The present study confirmed that children of parents with anxiety or mood disorders would show high levels of depressive symptoms. Parents with an optimistic or neutral attributional style rated their children as showing fewer depressive symptoms than parents with a pessimistic style. This study showed a significant positive relationship between children’s disengagement coping and children’s reports of depressive symptoms. The findings highlight the need for early identification of, and support and intervention programs for, parents suffering from depression and children of depressed parents as a means of protecting the psychological well-being of both parents and children.
Why Conceptual Engineers Should Not Worry About Topics
Authors: Koch Steffen
Published: September 2021

This paper argues for explanatory eliminativism about topics (and cognates, such as subject matters) relative to the domain of conceptual engineering. It has become usual to think that topics serve an important explanatory role in theories of conceptual engineering, namely, to determine the limits of revision. I argue, first, that such limits can be understood either as thenormative limitspertaining to the justification of conceptual engineering, as themetaphysical limitspertaining to the identity of the concepts in question, or as theterminological limitspertaining to usage of the original terminology. Second, I argue that the metaphysical reading is disputable as a theory of concepts and inconsequential for conceptual engineers, and that neither of the two leading accounts of topics that have been presented in the literature—the samesaying account and functionalism—determine the limits of revision in either of the two remaining senses. In the absence of more promising competitors, I conclude that there is no theoretical role for topics to play in theories of conceptual engineering. An upshot of my argument is that conceptual engineers should stop worrying about things like topic (dis)continuity, and instead shift their attention to the issues that really matter for justifying conceptual revisions or replacements, making terminological choices, and underpinning conceptual engineering with a theory of concepts.
The Changing Meanings of āśraya in Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa(bhāṣya)
Authors: Szanyi Szilvia
Published: September 2021

The term āśraya (“support” or “basis”) is used in manifold ways in the Abhidharmakośa and its bhāṣya (AKBh). This comes from the fact that its basic meaning, indicating anything on which something else depends or rests, is quite generic. Despite the plasticity of its usage, we can find some recurring and distinct technical applications of the term in the AK(Bh), which I explore in my paper. First, I look at its usage of characterising a member of various asymmetric dependence relationships on which the arising and sometimes also the persistence of the other relatum depends. Through examining the nature of various āśraya-āśrita dependence relations the AK(Bh) discusses, I show that āśraya stands for an entity that determines the fundamental nature of the thing it supports. In the second half of the paper, I move on to those occurrences of the term where āśraya has a specific referent. While āśraya can refer to the six sense faculties (indriya) individually, it can also stand for them collectively pointing towards its widespread meaning as ‘psychophysical basis’. In this context, the focus often shifts either to the material or the mental elements that make up a sentient being. I will dedicate special attention to the discussion of the transformation of the basis (āśrayaparāvṛtti), where, on my reading, it is more natural to interpret āśraya as referring primarily to the mind (citta), with its bodily connotations being marginal.
Online Black-Markets: An Investigation of a Digital Infrastructure in the Dark
Authors: Spagnoletti Paolo , Ceci Federica , Bygstad Bendik
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the functioning of Online Black-Markets (OBMs), i.e. a digital infrastructure operating in the Dark Net that enables the exchange of illegal goods such as drugs, weapons and fake digital identities. OBMs exist notwithstanding adverse conditions such as police interventions, scams and market breakdowns. Relying on a longitudinal case study, we focus on the dynamics of interactions among actors and marketplace technologies and we identify three mechanisms explaining OBMs operations. In particular, we show that OBMs infrastructure is the result of commoditization, platformization and resilience processes. Our contribution relies on the identification of community-based mechanisms that generate the OBMs infrastructure, extending the current understanding of e-commerce and social commerce.
General Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Autism, Inclusive Practices, and Relationship Building Strategies
Authors: Bolourian Yasamin , Losh Ainsley , Hamsho Narmene , Eisenhower Abbey , Blacher Jan
Published: September 2021

To identify target areas for professional development, this mixed-methods study examined general education teachers’ perceptions of autism and pedagogical practices in early elementary classrooms in the United States. In focus groups, teachers (N = 18) identified terms they associated with autism and strategies they used for inclusion and relationship building. Participants systematically free-listed and ranked their responses to three prompts. Using ranked responses, saliency scores were calculated to assess the perceived importance and frequency of responses. Teachers’ most salient perceptions of autism (e.g., social difficulties, focused/fixed interests) revealed an awareness of core symptoms. Salient inclusion practices included assigning special classroom responsibilities and showcasing student talents; salient relationship-building strategies included embracing students’ special interests and engaging in one-on-one time. Implications for teacher trainings are discussed.