bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential toxicity of chemically fabricated silver nanomaterials based on accumulation and histological changes in fish (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Ali Ihsan , Ullah Kalim , Bibi Nadia , Ahmad Bushra , Shah Khadim , Qiang Tian Yong
Published: May 2024

The bio‐reductive fabrication of nanomaterials is a developing arena of study that seeks to fabricate nanoparticles (NPs) using microorganisms, plants, and animal blood. However, the chemical approach of AgNPs fulfills the need of abundant need of NPs. In contrast, chemically fabricated AgNPs are more toxic than biological AgNPs. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess and evaluate the chemically fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for their possible toxicity in Common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio). The chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles were purchased from the market and applied for their possible toxicity. The chemically fabricated AgNPs were used against the Cyprinus carpio for bioaccumulation in different organs and histological alterations in the intestine and muscles. The results revealed that the AgNPs were mostly accumulated in the intestines followed by the gills, liver, and muscles (p < .05). The accumulated AgNPs caused histological alterations in gills and intestines at the highest concentration (0.08 mg/L). However, no alterations were observed by the middle and lowest concentration of AgNPs, particularly, in the intestine. In conclusion, more extensive research is required to establish the hazards related to the use of nanoparticles to disclose their negative effects on fish and the aquatic environment.

Reasearch Highlights

The chemical method fabricates a large amount of AgNPs

Additionally, considered more toxic than the bio‐reductive method

AgNPs have excellent and diverse applications

AgNPs deposited in various organs and cause histological changes.
PICALM::MLLT10 may indicate a new subgroup of acute leukemias with miscellaneous immunophenotype and poor initial treatment response but showing sensitivity to venetoclax
Authors: Sun Haimin , Zhu Yongmei , Li Jianfeng , Zhao Lingling , Yang Guang , Yan Zeying , Zhang Sujiang
Published: May 2024

The PICALM::MLLT10 fusion gene is a rare but recurrent event in acute leukemia (AL) associated with poor prognosis. It is still confused whether PICALM::MLLT10 can solely correspond to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL). Here, we reported a series of PICALM::MLLT10 positive AL patients with miscellaneous immunophenotype including T‐ALL, ALAL, AML, and B‐ALL, complex karyotype, half of extramedullary disease (EMD), frequently concomitant PHF6 mutation, and poor initial treatment response to standard chemotherapy aiming to different immunophenotype, but showing sensitivity to combining chemotherapy especially integrated with venetoclax, suggesting this fusion gene may indicate a new subgroup of AL. Eighteen PICALM::MLLT10 positive patients of 533 AL patients (18/533, 3.4%) were identified by RNA sequencing in our center. We found PICALM::MLLT10 positive AL showing miscellaneous immunophenotype, higher expression of leukemic stemness genes and lower expression of biomarkers of venetoclax resistance, more extramedullary involvement, and especially poor response to conventional induction chemotherapy, but may benefit from venetoclax as well as low‐dose Ara‐C, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), and anthracyclines combination chemotherapy. Sequential hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after chemotherapy combined with venetoclax may further improve long‐term survival in AL patients with complete remission (CR) even measurable residual disease (MRD) positive.
Moose in wolf diets across northeastern Minnesota
Authors: Chenaux‐Ibrahim Yvette , Moore Seth A. , Windels Steve K. , Severud William J. , Moen Ron A.
Published: May 2024

The moose (Alces alces; mooz in Anishinaabemowin, Ojibwe language) population has recently declined in Minnesota, USA, and gray wolf (Canis lupus; ma'iingan) predation is likely a contributing factor. We analyzed diet composition of gray wolves in northeastern Minnesota during 2011–2013 to evaluate the importance of moose as prey and seasonal and regional variations in wolf diet. We identified frequency of occurrence of prey items and biomass consumed in 1,000 wolf scats collected on and adjacent to the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and Voyageurs National Park and within the 1854 Ceded Territory (greater northeastern Minnesota). White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; waawaashkeshiwag [plural]), moose, and beaver (Castor canadensis; amikwag [plural]) composed the majority of wolf diet, with moose as the primary prey in Grand Portage (35–54% of diet by biomass across seasons) and deer the primary prey in the 1854 Ceded Territory (46–62%) and Voyageurs (63–79%). Relative importance of prey species differed by study area and season. Moose calves were an important prey item in spring in the 1854 Ceded Territory (12% of diet by biomass) but not in Grand Portage or Voyageurs. Although calves were not a majority of wolf diet by biomass, many calves were preyed upon by wolves (30% of calves born each year in Grand Portage), thus affecting recruitment in a declining moose population. Deer fawns composed 12% of wolf diet in spring and 10% in summer in Grand Portage and 19% in summer in Voyageurs. Beaver composed 16% of wolf diet by biomass in spring and 14% in summer in Grand Portage and composed 22% of wolf diet in spring and 30% in summer in Voyageurs. At most prey densities, moose were preferred and deer avoided in Grand Portage and the 1854 Ceded Territory and beaver were preferred in Voyageurs. Our results can be used in conjunction with predation and prey studies to evaluate the effect of wolves on prey populations.
Synthetic suture tape for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is an effective treatment for complex paediatric patellofemoral instability
Authors: Galán‐Olleros María , Arviza‐Lorenzo Pablo , Miranda‐Gorozarri Carlos , Alonso‐Hernández Javier , Manzarbeitia‐Arroba Paloma , Ramírez‐Barragán Ana , Palazón‐Quevedo Ángel
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To assess the outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using synthetic suture tape in paediatric patients with patellofemoral instability (PFI).

Methods

This ambispective comparative study, conducted from 2014 to 2022, included paediatric patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction with synthetic suture tape and had a minimum follow‐up of 1 year. Pre‐ and postoperative clinical and functional outcomes, patient satisfaction and complications were assessed.

Results

The study comprised 22 patients (29 knees), with a median age at surgery of 14.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 10.9–16.7) and a median follow‐up of 46.5 months (24.7–66). Notably, 13 knees (44.8%) had open growth plates at the time of surgery. The cohort included patients with Down syndrome (3 patients), Ehlers‐Danlos (2), arthrogryposis (1), generalized joint hypermobility (8) and previous unsuccessful PFI surgeries (8). Concomitant procedures were performed on 16 knees. Postoperatively, improvements were observed in all but one patient, who reported residual pain. There were two other complications: one suture‐tape rupture and one surgical wound infection. Functional scores significantly improved: Kujala, +14 points (7–29) (p < 0.001); IKDC, +10.5 points (5.2–25.3) (p < 0.001); Tegner, +2 points (0–4) (p < 0.001); Lysholm, +15 points (0–37.5) (p < 0.001). Most patients achieved excellent outcomes by Crosby‐Insall criteria (21 patients, 72.4%) and reported high satisfaction (23 patients, 79.3%).

Conclusions

MPFL reconstruction using synthetic suture tape is a viable and effective treatment for paediatric patients with PFI, particularly for those with connective tissue disorders, generalized joint hypermobility or past surgical failures, significantly enhancing clinical and functional outcomes with an acceptable complication rate.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone in pN1 oral cavity cancer patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐You , Chiang Pin‐Chun , Yap Wing‐Keen , Huang Yenlin , See Anna , Hung Shao‐Yu , Lu Chuieng‐Yi , Lin Chien‐Yu , Chang Tung‐Chieh Joseph , Kao Huang‐Kai , Chang Kai‐Ping
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The aim of this meta‐analysis is to evaluate the potential benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with pN1 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

A literature search through major databases was conducted until January 2023. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different survival outcomes were extracted and pooled.

Results

Ten studies published between 2005 and 2022, with a pooled patient population of 2888, were included in this meta‐analysis. Due to differences in study design and reported outcomes, the studies were categorized into distinct groups. In pN1 patients without extranodal extension (ENE), PORT was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) (aHR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.94). In pN1 patients without ENE and positive margins, PORT improved OS (aHR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56–0.89) and was associated with a lower regional recurrence rate (RR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15–0.83). However, in pN1 patients without ENE, positive margins, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular invasion, there were no significant differences observed between the PORT and observation groups in either 5‐year OS (RR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.07–3.41) or 5‐year disease‐free survival (RR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.07–2.06).

Conclusions

The current study demonstrated that PORT has the potential to improve OS in pN1 disease. However, the decision of whether to administer PORT still hinges on diverse clinical scenarios, and additional research is necessary to furnish a more conclusive resolution.

Level of Evidence

2.
Left‐handedness in otolaryngology, who is right?
Authors: Alhussien Ahmed , Alamri Ahlam , Almjhad Abdulrahman , AlHumaizi Abdulrahman , Alsaleh Saad
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of left‐handedness (LH) among otolaryngology—head and neck surgery (ORLHN) practitioners, investigate dexterity's impact on LH trainees, and identify common patterns in their training to improve the training experience.

Methods

A web‐based survey was distributed anonymously via email to members of the Saudi Otorhinolaryngology Society. The survey targeted ORLHN attending consultants, board‐certified registrars, and current residents. It consisted of three sections: the first focused on the experience of attending consultants in training LH individuals, the second investigated common maneuvers employed by rhinologists, and the third explored the experiences and impacts reported by LH trainees.

Results

The study included 174 participants, and found a 13.2% LH prevalence among them. Rhinologists showed disparities, with 50% advising trainees to stand on the left side of the bed and use their left hand for the scope, whereas the other half asked otherwise. Additionally, 94.4% of the participants had not encountered any courses specifically tailored for LH trainees. Among LH trainees, 57% and 41% reported difficulties in learning and performing side‐specific procedures such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic septoplasty, respectively, often attempting to switch to their nondominant hand, and feeling disadvantaged due to their laterality.

Conclusions

Left‐handedness presents challenges for both LH trainees and their trainers in surgical specialties, particularly in ORLHN, in which specific positioning and instruments are crucial to gain access to the desired surgical field. Despite these challenges, there is insufficient support for LH individuals. We recommend encouraging LH trainees to openly disclose and discuss their left‐handedness, provide them with mentors, establish standardized operating room setups and techniques, supply appropriate instruments, and demonstrate flexibility in accommodating their needs.

Level of evidence

Level 5.
Nanostructured Biopolymer‐Based Constructs for Cartilage Regeneration: Fabrication Techniques and Perspectives
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Satapathy Bhabani K.
Published: May 2024

The essential functions of cartilage, such as shock absorption and resilience, are hindered by its limited regenerative capacity. Although current therapies alleviate symptoms, novel strategies for cartilage regeneration are desperately needed. Recent developments in three‐dimensional (3D) constructs aim to address this challenge by mimicking the intrinsic characteristics of native cartilage using biocompatible materials, with a significant emphasis on both functionality and stability. Through fabrication methods such as 3D printing and electrospinning, researchers are making progress in cartilage regeneration; nevertheless, it is still very difficult to translate these advances into clinical practice. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating various fabrication techniques to create stable 3D constructs. Meticulous design and material selection are required to achieve seamless cartilage integration and durability. The review outlines the need to address these challenges and focuses on the latest developments in the production of hybrid 3D constructs based on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Furthermore, the review acknowledges the limitations of current research and provides perspectives on potential avenues for effectively regenerating cartilage defects in the future.
Levodopa‐Induced Dyskinesias are Frequent and Impact Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Santos‐García Diego , de Deus Teresa , Cores Carlos , Feal Painceiras Maria J. , Íñiguez Alvarado María C. , Samaniego Lucía B. , López Maside Antón , Jesús Silvia , Cosgaya Marina , García Caldentey Juan , Caballol Nuria , Legarda Ines , Hernández‐Vara Jorge , Cabo López Iria , López Manzanares Lydia , González‐Aramburu Isabel , Ávila Asunción , Gómez‐Mayordomo Víctor , Nogueira Víctor , Dotor García‐Soto Julio , Borrué‐Fernández Carmen , Solano Berta , Álvarez Sauco María , Vela Lydia , Escalante Sonia , Cubo Esther , Mendoza Zebenzui , Pareés Isabel , Sánchez Alonso Pilar , Alonso Losada Maria G. , López‐Ariztegui Nuria , Gastón Itziar , Kulisevsky Jaime , Seijo Manuel , Valero Caridad , Alonso Redondo Ruben , Buongiorno Maria Teresa , Ordás Carlos , Menéndez‐González Manuel , McAfee Darrian , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Mir Pablo ,   COPPADIS Study Group
Published: May 2024

Background

Levodopa‐induced dyskinesias (LID) are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective

To analyze the change in the frequency of LID over time, identify LID related factors, and characterize how LID impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL).

Patients and Methods

PD patients from the 5‐year follow‐up COPPADIS cohort were included. LID were defined as a non‐zero score in the item “Time spent with dyskinesia” of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale—part IV (UPDRS‐IV). The UPDRS‐IV was applied at baseline (V0) and annually for 5 years. The 39‐item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire Summary Index (PQ‐39SI) was used to asses QoL.

Results

The frequency of LID at V0 in 672 PD patients (62.4 ± 8.9 years old; 60.1% males) with a mean disease duration of 5.5 ± 4.3 years was 18.9% (127/672) and increased progressively to 42.6% (185/434) at 5‐year follow‐up (V5). The frequency of disabling LID, painful LID, and morning dystonia increased from 6.9%, 3.3%, and 10.6% at V0 to 17.3%, 5.5%, and 24% at V5, respectively. Significant independent factors associated with LID (P < 0.05) were a longer disease duration and time under levodopa treatment, a higher dose of levodopa, a lower weight and dose of dopamine agonist, pain severity and the presence of motor fluctuations. LID at V0 (β = 0.073; P = 0.027; R2 = 0.62) and to develop disabling LID at V5 (β = 0.088; P = 0.009; R2 = 0.73) were independently associated with a higher score on the PDQ‐39SI.

Conclusion

LID are frequent in PD patients. A higher dose of levodopa and lower weight were factors associated to LID. LID significantly impact QoL.
High spatiotemporal resolution scintillation imaging of pulsed pencil beam scanning proton beams produced by a gantry‐mounted synchrocyclotron
Authors: Goddu S. Murty , Hao Yao , Ji Zhen , Setianegara Jufri , Liu Fengwei , Green Winter , Sobotka Lee G. , Zhao Tianyu , Perkins Stephanie , Darafsheh Arash
Published: May 2024

Background

A dosimeter with high spatial and temporal resolution would be of significant interest for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton beams’ characterization, especially when facing small fields and beams with high temporal dynamics. Optical imaging of scintillators has potential in providing sub‐millimeter spatial resolution with pulse‐by‐pulse basis temporal resolution when the imaging system is capable of operating in synchrony with the beam‐producing accelerator.

Purpose

We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging PBS proton beams as they pass through a plastic scintillator detector to simultaneously obtain multiple beam parameters, including proton range, pencil beam's widths at different depths, spot's size, and spot's position on a pulse‐by‐pulse basis with sub‐millimeter resolution.

Materials and methods

A PBS synchrocyclotron was used for proton irradiation. A BC‐408 plastic scintillator block with 30 × 30 × 5 cm3 size, and another block with 30 × 30 × 0.5 cm3 size, positioned in an optically sealed housing, were used sequentially to measure the proton range, and spot size/location, respectively. A high‐speed complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) camera system synchronized with the accelerator's pulses through a gating module was used for imaging. Scintillation images, captured with the camera directly facing the 5‐cm‐thick scintillator, were corrected for background (BG), and ionization quenching of the scintillator to obtain the proton range. Spots’ position and size were obtained from scintillation images of the 0.5‐cm‐thick scintillator when a 45° mirror was used to reflect the scintillation light toward the camera.

Results

Scintillation images with 0.16 mm/pixel resolution corresponding to all proton pulses were captured. Pulse‐by‐pulse analysis showed that variations of the range, spots’ position, and size were within ± 0.2% standard deviation of their average values. The absolute ranges were within ± 1 mm of their expected values. The average spot‐positions were mostly within ± 0.8 mm and spots’ sigma agreed within 0.2 mm of the expected values.

Conclusion

Scintillation‐imaging PBS beams with high‐spatiotemporal resolution is feasible and may help in efficient and cost‐effective acceptance testing and commissioning of existing and even emerging technologies such as FLASH, grid, mini‐beams, and so forth.
Symptoms, concerns, and experiences of women living with and beyond breast cancer in Africa: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Asuquo Eme O. , Absolom Kate , Ebenso Bassey , Allsop Mathew J.
Published: May 2024

Objective

A mixed‐methods systematic review to determine reported symptoms, concerns, and experiences of women living with and beyond breast cancer in Africa.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Quantitative and qualitative studies that comprised study populations of women with breast cancer from countries in Africa, detailing symptoms, concerns, and experiences of living with and beyond breast cancer were included. Inductive framework analysis was applied to organise existing literature with the Adversity, Restoration, and Compatibility framework and quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

In total, 48 studies were included, comprising quantitative (n = 24), qualitative (n = 23) and mixed method (n = 1) studies. Women reported multiple complex and burdensome symptoms at all stages of the breast cancer disease trajectory. Multiple pervasive factors influencing participants' experiences included a lack of cancer knowledge, being removed from decision‐making, religion, and the presence and use of traditional medicines. Literature relating to benefit finding, understanding identity for the future, and broader perspectives of well‐being was absent.

Conclusions

This review contributes insights and mapping of symptoms, concerns, and experiences of women with breast cancer in Africa. There is a great necessity to increase an understanding of the needs and experiences of women with breast cancer in Africa following cancer treatment, stages of remission, and longer‐term monitoring and follow‐up. This is required to ensure access to prompt and timely clinical and individualized supportive care for women with breast cancer in Africa.
Exploring the influence of additives on the ignition, combustion and quenching of electrically controlled solid propellants
Authors: Whalen Sean , Sellards Emily , Gobin Bradley , Young Gregory
Published: May 2024

The influence of additives on the decomposition and combustion characteristics of electrically controlled solid propellants was investigated through small scale experiments. Carbon black and aluminum additives were explored in a polyethylene oxide, lithium perchlorate propellant. Additives were used to improve the voltage response and their impact on ignition and combustion was characterized. The data showed that conductive additives can mitigate the loss of solid phase conductivity through solvent evaporation and that ignition delay decreases with higher voltage and solid phase conductivity. Steady‐state combustion experiments showed that electrical decomposition of the propellants proceeded more rapidly than a purely thermal stimulus illustrating the importance of electrochemistry in ECSP combustion. The combined effects of pressure and voltage on combustion rates were summarized in Saint‐Robert's burn relations. The regression rates increased with both applied voltage and pressure. The pressure deflagration limit of propellants with the carbon black additive was significantly reduced compared to a neat PEO/LP propellant, whereas the addition of 10 % aluminum did not affect the pressure deflagration limit.
A comprehensive study on the thermal properties and chemical characterization of 1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazine (R‐Salt)
Authors: Wilkins Benjamin , Sartain Hope T. , Schneidereit Sheana , Ostrow Benjamin , Aparicio Joaquin , Horan Andrew , Pedersen Kevin , Barber Jeffrey , Perez Johnny , Richard Marc , Pollock Elizabeth , Brady John
Published: May 2024

1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazine (R‐Salt) is an insensitive energetic that has previously been used as an improvised explosive. The work presented here is a comprehensive study on the thermal properties and chemical characterization of R‐Salt. Thermal analysis was performed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) which found both crude and recrystallized R‐Salt have similar thermal properties but the selected lid impacted both the thermal profile and onset temperature. Chemical characterization performed via Raman, Fourier‐transform Infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry indicate that recrystallization does not quantitatively improve the purity of crude R‐Salt., The reported NMR 2D‐HSQC, FT‐IR, and Raman spectra are the first to be reported within the published literature, as to the authors’ knowledge.
DSFworld: A flexible and precise tool to analyze differential scanning fluorimetry data
Authors: Wu Taiasean , Gale‐Day Zachary J. , Gestwicki Jason E.
Published: May 2024

Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is a method to determine the apparent melting temperature (Tma) of a purified protein. In DSF, the raw unfolding curves from which Tma is calculated vary widely in shape and complexity. However, the tools available for calculating Tma are only compatible with the simplest of DSF curves, hindering many otherwise straightforward applications of the technology. To overcome this limitation, we designed new mathematical models for Tma calculation that accommodate common forms of variation in DSF curves, including the number of transitions, the presence of high initial signal, and temperature‐dependent signal decay. When tested these models against DSFbase, an open‐source database of 6235 raw, real‐life DSF curves, these models outperformed the existing standard approaches of sigmoid fitting and maximum of the first derivative. To make these models accessible, we created an open‐source software and website, DSFworld (https://gestwickilab.shinyapps.io/dsfworld/). In addition to these improved fitting capabilities, DSFworld also includes features that overcome the practical limitations of many analysis workflows, including automatic reformatting of raw data exported from common qPCR instruments, labeling of data based on experimental variables, and flexible interactive plotting. We hope that DSFworld will enable more streamlined and accurate calculation of Tma values for DSF experiments.
Helical twists and β‐turns in structures at serine–proline sequences: Stabilization of cis‐proline and type VI β‐turns via C–H/O interactions
Authors: Oven Harrison C. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Zondlo Neal J.
Published: May 2024

Structures at serine‐proline sites in proteins were analyzed using a combination of peptide synthesis with structural methods and bioinformatics analysis of the PDB. Dipeptides were synthesized with the proline derivative (2S,4S)‐(4‐iodophenyl)hydroxyproline [hyp(4‐I‐Ph)]. The crystal structure of Boc‐Ser‐hyp(4‐I‐Ph)‐OMe had two molecules in the unit cell. One molecule exhibited cis‐proline and a type VIa2 β‐turn (BcisD). The cis‐proline conformation was stabilized by a C–H/O interaction between Pro C–Hα and the Ser side‐chain oxygen. NMR data were consistent with stabilization of cis‐proline by a C–H/O interaction in solution. The other crystallographically observed molecule had trans‐Pro and both residues in the PPII conformation. Two conformations were observed in the crystal structure of Ac‐Ser‐hyp(4‐I‐Ph)‐OMe, with Ser adopting PPII in one and the β conformation in the other, each with Pro in the δ conformation and trans‐Pro. Structures at Ser‐Pro sequences were further examined via bioinformatics analysis of the PDB and via DFT calculations. Ser‐Pro versus Ala–Pro sequences were compared to identify bases for Ser stabilization of local structures. C–H/O interactions between the Ser side‐chain Oγ and Pro C–Hα were observed in 45% of structures with Ser‐cis‐Pro in the PDB, with nearly all Ser‐cis‐Pro structures adopting a type VI β‐turn. 53% of Ser‐trans‐Pro sequences exhibited main‐chain COi•••HNi+3 or COi•••HNi+4 hydrogen bonds, with Ser as the i residue and Pro as the i + 1 residue. These structures were overwhelmingly either type I β‐turns or N‐terminal capping motifs on α‐helices or 310‐helices. These results indicate that Ser‐Pro sequences are particularly potent in favoring these structures. In each, Ser is in either the PPII or β conformation, with the Ser Oγ capable of engaging in a hydrogen bond with the amide N–H of the i + 2 (type I β‐turn or 310‐helix; Ser χ1 t) or i + 3 (α‐helix; Ser χ1 g+) residue. Non‐proline cis amide bonds can also be stabilized by C–H/O interactions.
Metal Organic Framework Derived Spinel Nickel‐Ferrites Employing Reduced Graphene Oxide Template for Supercapacitor and Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Jakhar Sonu , Singh Nirankar , Selva Kumar R. , Siwal Samarjeet Singh
Published: May 2024

Spinel oxides from transition metals are the most crucial components for producing supercapacitive electrodes and photocatalytic semiconductor materials. However poor electrical conductivity and restricted specific energy of these materials are two main drawbacks for energy storage applications. This investigation used reduced graphene oxide templated spinel nickel ferrites nanoparticles (RGO@SNFs), synthesized using Fe2Ni MIL‐88 MOF via hydrothermal conditions followed by a pyrolysis process. The structural properties and morphology of the hybrid are characterized through several methods, including XRD, FTIR, BET‐PSD, and FESEM. Superconducting electrochemical studies such as Galvano static charge‐discharge, impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are carried out on a hybrid electrode to examine the impact of the RGO template on SNF nanoparticles. This electrode may be an alluring choice for supercapacitor applications because of its capacitance 115 F/g and retention rate of approximately 95 % following 2000 cycles. Additionally, a model dye degradation process utilizing Rhodamine B (RhB) was used to examine the photodegradation action of these materials. The designed catalyst also represents excellent photo‐degradation activity toward RhB, and seventy‐five minutes of sun light were enough to destroy about 99 % of the dye.
2D‐on‐2D Al‐Doped NiCo LDH Nanosheet Arrays for Fabricating High‐Energy‐Density, Wide Voltage Window, and Ultralong‐Lifespan Supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Xuejing , Chu Bingxian , Han Boming , Wu Qingqing , Yang Tianyi , Xu Xuetang , Wang Fan , Li Bin
Published: May 2024

Battery‐type electrode materials with high capacity, wide potential windows, and good cyclic stability are crucial to breaking through energy storage limitations and achieving high energy density. Herein, a novel 2D‐on‐2D Al‐doped NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCoAlx LDH) nanosheet arrays with high‐mass‐loading are grown on a carbon cloth (CC) substrate via a two‐step hydro/solvothermal deposition strategy, and the effect of Al doping is employed to modify the deposition behavior, hierarchical morphology, phase stability, and multi‐metallic synergistic effect. The optimized NiCoAl0.1 LDH electrode exhibits capacities of 5.43, 6.52, and 7.25 C cm−2 (9.87, 10.88, and 11.15 F cm−2) under 0–0.55, 0–0.60, and 0–0.65 V potential windows, respectively, illustrating clearly the importance of the wide potential window. The differentiated deposition strategy reduces the leaching level of Al3+ cations in alkaline solutions, ensuring excellent cyclic performance (108% capacity retention after 40 000 cycles). The as‐assembled NiCoAl0.1 LDH//activated carbon cloth (ACC) hybrid supercapacitor delivers 3.11 C cm−2 at 0–2.0 V, a large energy density of 0.84 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 10.00 mW cm−2, and excellent cyclic stability with ≈135% capacity retention after 150 000 cycles.
D‐Band Engineering in Pd‐Based Nanowire Networks for Further Enhancement in Ethanol Electrooxidation Reaction
Authors: Singha Tukai , Tomar Shalini , Das Shuvankar , Satpati Biswarup
Published: May 2024

The development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is essential for the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells, yet challenges remain. In this study, a one‐pot solution‐phase method to synthesize Pd nanowire networks (NNWs) with very high surface‐to‐volume ratio having numerous twin and grain boundaries is developed. Using the same method, the Pd lattice is further engineered by introducing Ag and Cu atoms to produce AgPd, and CuPd alloy structure which significantly shifts the Pd d‐band center upward and downward, respectively due to strain and ligand effects. Theoretical analysis employing density functional theory (DFT) demonstrates that such modification of the d‐band center significantly influences the adsorption energies of reactants on the catalytic surface. Owing to their notably high surface‐to‐volume ratio and the presence of multiple twin and grain boundaries, Pd NNWs demonstrate significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward EOR, ≈7.2 times greater than that of commercial Pd/C. Remarkably, compared to Pd NNWs, AgPd, and CuPd NNWs display enlarged and reduced electrocatalytic activity toward EOR, respectively. Specifically, Ag4Pd7 NNWs achieve a remarkable mass activity of 9.00 A mgpd−1 for EOR, which is 13.6 times higher than commercial Pd/C.
PRC6: Hybrid lightweight cipher for enhanced cloud data security in parallel environment
Authors: Mohammed Zahraa A. , Hussein Khalid Ali
Published: May 2024

Modern technologies of computing cloud are showing great promise, but at the same time create new security challenges that hinder full acceptance. Given that most of these services often use cloud networks as channels for communication, securing data transmission is crucial. This paper introduce a new hybrid encryption algorithm, the proposed two‐layered PRC6 cipher, tailored address security concerns in cloud computing environments with minimal resource constraints. The PRC6 cipher incorporates enhancements from Cha‐cha into an extension of the RC6 cipher. PRC6 implements double encryption. At the first level, the plain text is divided into four equal parts, each encrypted by processes derived from RC6, which include shifting, summation, modulo arithmetic, and XOR with a generated key. The second level incorporates a Quarter round function, among others, to further obscure the encoded message. PRC6 is implemented in a parallel computing model to significantly reduce overall computation time, especially important for lightweight applications. Experimental results show that the algorithm can achieve a high level of security for cloud workloads. It activates parallel mode in just seven encryption rounds, cutting calculation time to 50% in a matter of seconds. Performance evaluations against popular encryption standards also indicate that PRC6 offers promising security benefits when computational resources are limited. This hybrid approach presents a viable solution for strengthening data protection in modern cloud systems and it stand against the most popular attacks like brute force.
On the Future of Industrial Safety Research
Authors: Etienne Julien
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, I ask what climate change does to industrial safety and what that means for the future of industrial safety research. Climate change already leads to and will cause more Natech events, that much is clear. Whether industry can adapt to prevent those is not. Engineering voices have recently stated that a handful of industries will need to be upgraded to withstand extremes, because they cannot be stopped at will and because they are critical. By contrast, the economical and rational response elsewhere will be to shut down when environmental conditions are too difficult (e.g., during a heatwave) and restart after. When and why make those trade-offs are key questions for industrial safety researchers. Besides, how far critical infrastructures can be “climate-proofed” largely depends on adaptation limits: the point at which it is neither physically nor socially feasible to adapt anymore. As adaptation becomes a key issue for industrial safety, so do adaptation limits. The challenge of thinking about industrial safety and climate change grows further when one considers that much of what is ahead is unknown. The weather extremes we are experiencing are only an appetizer on the menu we have cooked for ourselves. That challenges industrial safety research to the core. It shatters our illusions of control. It undermines our understanding of safety as an outcome of human–technology interactions. To wake up to that reality means shedding old ideas and embracing others. That is uncomfortable. It exposes researchers to controversy and practitioners to challenge. No one said it was going to be easy.
Climate Risk at Local Level
Authors: Engen Ole Andreas , Morsut Claudia
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses how public authorities understand climate risks and their consequences in the context of a socio-technical system such as the petroleum industry in Norway. This issue is discussed by selecting Stavanger Municipality, the petroleum capital of Norway, as a case study to explore the local understanding of climate risks, in terms of physical, transition and systemic risks. Stavanger Municipality and its region are experiencing socio-economic transformations of the main industry, consisting of the redesigning of prevalent system structures and the rebranding of the Municipality from oil to energy capital. This approach is sustained by the introduction of new practices, complying with climate change considerations, without interrupting important systemic functions and services.
Water Resource Availability and Use in Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Zhang Shifeng , Sang Yan-Fang , Qiu Tao , Zhu Yanxin , Sajadi Payam , Chan Faith Ka Shun
Published: May 2024

This chapter assesses water resource availability and use in the five countries in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA): Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. The total water resources in the region are estimated using a wide range of hydrometeorological data. Results show that the average annual runoff is about 1941.1 billion m3 in the region. Regarding spatial differences, rainfall and runoff in the southern coastal areas are generally higher than the ones in the central and northern inland areas, and the western coastal areas have more rainfall than the eastern coastal areas. Moreover, results indicate that the overall utilization rate of water resources in the region reached 9%, mainly used for hydropower development, agricultural irrigation, fishery and aquaculture, shipping and other aspects. Agriculture was the primary water user (about 92.2%) in the study area compared to industrial (about 3.6%) and domestic (about 4.2%) water users. The region is divided into different water resource zones, including 7 first-level water resources zones, 17 s-level water resources zones, and 138 third-level water resources zones. The division is done by considering the hydrology conditions, natural landforms, administrative divisions, and river systems in the study area. Particularly, results show that the seven first-level water resources regions are all transboundary basins, implying that the water resources management in the region needs the solid cooperation and overall planning of all countries. Results show that the total water demand in MSEA will reach 200, 208, and 225 billion m3 in 2025, 2030, and 2040, respectively. The prediction is obtained using the historical social and economic data. Social-economic developments are predicted to estimate the future water consumption. will assure a balance between the supply and demand of water resources in the study area, with asurplus of water resources supply ability.
Unique ergodicity in stochastic electroconvection
Authors: Abdo Elie , Glatt-Holtz Nathan , Ignatova Mihaela
Published: May 2024

We consider a stochastic electroconvection model describing the nonlinear evolution of a surface charge density in a two-dimensional fluid with additive stochastic forcing. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions, we define the corresponding Markov semigroup, and we study its Feller properties. When the noise forces enough modes in phase space, we obtain the uniqueness of the smooth invariant measure for the Markov transition kernels associated with the model.
INTERPOLAR – prospektive, interventionelle Studien im Rahmen der Medizininformatik-Initiative zur Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit in der Krankenversorgung
Authors: Loeffler Markus , Maas Renke , Neumann Daniel , Scherag André ,   INTERPOLAR-Team, Meineke F. , Schmidt F. , Stäubert S. , Strübing A. , Yahiaoui-Doktor M. , Nüchter M. , Kaftan J. , Reusche M. , Neumuth T. , Berger J. , Fromm M. , Andrikyan W. , Sponfeldner M. , Dörje F. , Ganslandt T. , Kraska D. , Köck J. , Köster H. , Jaehde U. , Böhmer A. , Bauerdick T. , Zenker S. , Medek A. , Ulrich-Merzenich G. , Coenen M. , Karsten-Dafonte K. , Schulze I. , Kpekpassi M. , Seidling H. , Merzweiler A. , Fritz-Kebede F. , Terstegen T. , Hoppe-Tichy T. , Sedlmayr M. , Reinecke I. , Knoth H. , Fischer A. , Berger S. , Härterich S. , Gewehr J. , Hartmann M. , Farker K. , Kesselmeier M. , Palm J. , Keßler C. , Wendt T. , Franke S. , Koi V. , Richter F. , Sedlaczek C. , Stolz A. , Remane Y. , Strauch K. , Krämer I. , Panholzer T. , Haverkamp C. , Wehrle J. , Hug M. , Tiller D. , Harnisch R. , Dürrbeck A. , Schnurrer J. , Brieden T. , Dedy J. , Michel-Backofen A. , Beck J. , Marquardt K. , Cascorbi I. , Lück H. , Bergh B. , Eisert A. , Wenders D. , Dreischulte T. , Strobach D. , Steinbrech J. , Albashiti F. , Schechner M. , Thürmann P. , Schmiedl S. , Redeker L. , Semler S. C. , Räuscher E. , Green K. , Hilgarth H.
Published: May 2024

Medikationsanalysen durch Stationsapotheker:innen sind eine wichtige Maßnahme der Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit (AMTS). Dabei werden medikationsbezogene Probleme (Medication Related Problems [MRPs]) identifiziert und zusammen mit den behandelnden Ärzt:innen gelöst. Die Personalressourcen für erweiterte Medikationsanalysen und eine vollständige Dokumentation sind jedoch häufig begrenzt. Bisher müssen Daten, die für die Identifikation von Risikopatient:innen und für eine erweiterte Medikationsanalyse benötigt werden, oft aus verschiedenen Teilen der einrichtungsinternen elektronischen Patientenakte („Electronic Medical Record“ [EMR]) zusammengesucht werden. Dieser fehleranfällige und zeitaufwändige Prozess soll im Projekt INTERPOLAR durch die Nutzung eines durch die Datenintegrationszentren (DIZ) bereitgestellten IT-Werkzeuges verbessert werden.

INTERPOLAR (INTERventional POLypharmacy – Drug InterActions – Risks) ist ein „Use Case“ der Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII), der auf das Thema AMTS fokussiert. Die Planungsphase fand im Jahr 2023 statt, die Routineimplementation ist ab 2024 vorgesehen. AMTS-relevante Daten aus dem EMR sollen dargestellt und die Dokumentation der MRPs in der Routineversorgung erleichtert werden. Die prospektive multizentrische, clusterrandomisierte INTERPOLAR-1-Studie dient dazu, den Nutzen der IT-Unterstützung in der Routineversorgung zu evaluieren. Ziel ist es, zu zeigen, dass mithilfe der IT-Unterstützung mehr MRPs entdeckt und auch gelöst werden können. Dazu werden an 8 Universitätskliniken jeweils 6 Normalstationen ausgewählt, sodass 48 Cluster (mit insgesamt mindestens 70.000 Fällen) zur Randomisierung bereitstehen.
Uncertainty estimates for semantic segmentation: providing enhanced reliability for automated motor claims handling
Authors: Küchler Jan , Kröll Daniel , Schoenen Sebastian , Witte Andreas
Published: May 2024

Deep neural network models for image segmentation can be a powerful tool for the automation of motor claims handling processes in the insurance industry. A crucial aspect is the reliability of the model outputs when facing adverse conditions, such as low quality photos taken by claimants to document damages. We explore the use of a meta-classification model to empirically assess the precision of segments predicted by a model trained for the semantic segmentation of car body parts. Different sets of features correlated with the quality of a segment are compared, and an AUROC score of 0.915 is achieved for distinguishing between high- and low-quality segments. By removing low-quality segments, the average $$m{\textit{IoU}} $$

m
IoU

of the segmentation output is improved by 16 percentage points and the number of wrongly predicted segments is reduced by 77%.
Fisetin and/or capecitabine causes changes in apoptosis pathways in capecitabine-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Zehra Kanli , Banu Aydin , Can Erzik , Hülya Cabadak
Published: May 2024

Capecitabine is recommended as one of the first-line chemotherapy treatments for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. Researches have been conducted on capecitabine’s impact on the viability of human colon cancer cells and its potential to induce apoptosis. However, even in cases initially responsive to treatment, the development of acquired resistance significantly limits its efficacy. Challenges still exist in effectively treating patients with chemotherapy, and developing new cytotoxic drugs is hindered by drug resistance. Fisetin alters the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, and enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. This work aims to create a plan for reversing capecitabine resistance. For this purpose, the role of capecitabine and/or fisetin combinations in cell proliferation and apoptosis has been determined in both wild-type and capecitabine-resistant HT29 cells (CR/HT29). We developed capecitabine-resistant cell line from wild-type HT29 cells. This study demonstrated the effects of capecitabine, fisetin, and their combinations on both resistant and wild-type cells through experiments including cell survival skills, cell proliferation, wound healing, colony formation, hoechst staining, and western blot analysis. We established capecitabine-resistant cell lines. P-gp expression increased in CR/HT29 cells. Capecitabine effects on a CR/HT29 cells less than wild-type HT29 cells. The combination of fisetin and capecitabine in cell proliferation caused greater reductions in wild-type HT29 cells than in capecitabine-resistant cells. Fisetin has also additive effects on the apoptotic pathway in CR/HT29 cells. This study provides new perspectives on the combination of capecitabine and/or flavonoid treatment in resistant cells.

Graphical abstract
Sustainable cannabinoids purification through twin-column recycling chromatography and green solvents
Authors: Compagnin Greta , De Luca Chiara , Nosengo Chiara , Catani Martina , Cavazzini Alberto , Greco Giorgia , Krauke Yannick , Felletti Simona
Published: May 2024

In the present study, twin-column recycling chromatography has been employed for the purification of a Cannabis extract by using a green solvent, ethanol, as the mobile phase. In particular, the complete removal of the psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from a Cannabis extract rich in cannabidiol (CBD) was achieved under continuous conditions. The performance of the method, in terms of compound purity, recovery, productivity and solvent consumption, was compared to that of traditional batch operations showing the potential of the twin-column recycling approach. The employment of a theoretical model to predict the band profiles of the two compounds during the recycling process has facilitated method development, thus further contributing to process sustainability by avoiding trial and error attempts or at least decreasing the number of steps significantly.

Graphical abstract
Gluten migration from biodegradable food contact materials poses a risk to celiac disease patients
Authors: Mossburger Johanna , Scherf Katharina Anne
Published: May 2024

Due to the ban of certain single-use plastics in the European Union, food contact materials (FCM) from biobased and/or biodegradable polymers are increasingly being used. Some FCM are made from wheat or rye and therefore contain gluten, which is a food allergen and known to cause celiac disease. Legislation currently does not require allergen labelling on FCM and there is only some first information that gluten from FCM can migrate into gluten-free foods. Our aim was to analyze the extent of gluten migration from six different FCM into a variety of liquid and solid foods to assess the risk of exposure for wheat allergy and celiac disease patients. We show that the extent of gluten migration depended on the properties of the material, the liquid or solid food it comes into contact with and contact time. There was no clear effect of temperature or pH value. Of the six FCM studied, wheat bran-based plates had the highest potential to release gluten with concentrations of up to 203.0 mg/L of gluten in deionized water after 30 min. To protect patients, it is important to raise awareness of the risk of gluten migration from such FCM and help patients identify and avoid gluten-containing FCM. Further, legislation needs to be adapted urgently to include mandatory labelling of allergens on these biodegradable FCM.