bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher order exchange driven noncoplanar magnetic state and large anomalous Hall effects in electron doped kagome magnet Mn3Sn
Authors: Singh Charanpreet , Jamaluddin Sk , Pradhan Subhadip , Nandy Ashis K. , Tokunaga Masashi , Avdeev Maxim , Nayak Ajaya K.
Published: May 2024

Owing to geometrical frustration in the kagome lattice, Mn3Sn displays a 120° in-plane triangular antiferromagnetic order, a manifestation of exchange interaction within the Heisenberg model. Here, we show the formation of a tunable noncoplanar magnetic ground state stabilized by higher-order exchange interactions in electron-doped Mn3Sn samples. Our density Functional Theory calculations reveal that the higher-order exchange induces a partial out-of-plane alignment of the Mn moments, resulting in a canted magnetic state, further experimentally confirmed by neutron diffraction study along with 60 T magnetic and Hall resistivity measurements. Interestingly, we find a large scalar spin chirality-induced Hall signal depending on the degree of non-coplanarity of the Mn moments. Additionally, we demonstrate simultaneous manipulation of two-component order-parameter in the system, where the two Hall signals can be independently manipulated. The present study explores the quantum phenomena associated with the coexistence of multiple magnetic orders and their prospective use in spintronic devices.
Capturing electron-driven chiral dynamics in UV-excited molecules
Authors: Wanie Vincent , Bloch Etienne , Månsson Erik P. , Colaizzi Lorenzo , Ryabchuk Sergey , Saraswathula Krishna , Ordonez Andres F. , Ayuso David , Smirnova Olga , Trabattoni Andrea , Blanchet Valérie , Ben Amor Nadia , Heitz Marie-Catherine , Mairesse Yann , Pons Bernard , Calegari Francesca
Published: May 2024

Chiral molecules, used in applications such as enantioselective photocatalysis1, circularly polarized light detection2 and emission3 and molecular switches4,5, exist in two geometrical configurations that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. These so-called (R) and (S) enantiomers exhibit different physical and chemical properties when interacting with other chiral entities. Attosecond technology might enable influence over such interactions, given that it can probe and even direct electron motion within molecules on the intrinsic electronic timescale6 and thereby control reactivity7–9. Electron currents in photoexcited chiral molecules have indeed been predicted to enable enantiosensitive molecular orientation10, but electron-driven chiral dynamics in neutral molecules have not yet been demonstrated owing to the lack of ultrashort, non-ionizing and perturbative light pulses. Here we use time-resolved photoelectron circular dichroism (TR-PECD)11–15 with an unprecedented temporal resolution of 2.9 fs to map the coherent electronic motion initiated by ultraviolet (UV) excitation of neutral chiral molecules. We find that electronic beatings between Rydberg states lead to periodic modulations of the chiroptical response on the few-femtosecond timescale, showing a sign inversion in less than 10 fs. Calculations validate this and also confirm that the combination of the photoinduced chiral current with a circularly polarized probe pulse realizes an enantioselective filter of molecular orientations following photoionization. We anticipate that our approach will enable further investigations of ultrafast electron dynamics in chiral systems and reveal a route towards enantiosensitive charge-directed reactivity.
Adhesive anti-fibrotic interfaces on diverse organs
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Deng Jue , Theocharidis Georgios , Sarrafian Tiffany L. , Griffiths Leigh G. , Bronson Roderick T. , Veves Aristidis , Chen Jianzhu , Yuk Hyunwoo , Zhao Xuanhe
Published: May 2024

Implanted biomaterials and devices face compromised functionality and efficacy in the long term owing to foreign body reactions and subsequent formation of fibrous capsules at the implant–tissue interfaces1–4. Here we demonstrate that an adhesive implant–tissue interface can mitigate fibrous capsule formation in diverse animal models, including rats, mice, humanized mice and pigs, by reducing the level of infiltration of inflammatory cells into the adhesive implant–tissue interface compared to the non-adhesive implant–tissue interface. Histological analysis shows that the adhesive implant–tissue interface does not form observable fibrous capsules on diverse organs, including the abdominal wall, colon, stomach, lung and heart, over 12 weeks in vivo. In vitro protein adsorption, multiplex Luminex assays, quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence analysis and RNA sequencing are additionally carried out to validate the hypothesis. We further demonstrate long-term bidirectional electrical communication enabled by implantable electrodes with an adhesive interface over 12 weeks in a rat model in vivo. These findings may offer a promising strategy for long-term anti-fibrotic implant–tissue interfaces.
Natural proteome diversity links aneuploidy tolerance to protein turnover
Authors: Muenzner Julia , Trébulle Pauline , Agostini Federica , Zauber Henrik , Messner Christoph B. , Steger Martin , Kilian Christiane , Lau Kate , Barthel Natalie , Lehmann Andrea , Textoris-Taube Kathrin , Caudal Elodie , Egger Anna-Sophia , Amari Fatma , De Chiara Matteo , Demichev Vadim , Gossmann Toni I. , Mülleder Michael , Liti Gianni , Schacherer Joseph , Selbach Matthias , Berman Judith , Ralser Markus
Published: May 2024

Accessing the natural genetic diversity of species unveils hidden genetic traits, clarifies gene functions and allows the generalizability of laboratory findings to be assessed. One notable discovery made in natural isolates ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis that aneuploidy—an imbalance in chromosome copy numbers—is frequent1,2(around 20%), which seems to contradict the substantial fitness costs and transient nature of aneuploidy when it is engineered in the laboratory3–5. Here we generate a proteomic resource and merge it with genomic1and transcriptomic6data for 796 euploid and aneuploid natural isolates. We find that natural and lab-generated aneuploids differ specifically at the proteome. In lab-generated aneuploids, some proteins—especially subunits of protein complexes—show reduced expression, but the overall protein levels correspond to the aneuploid gene dosage. By contrast, in natural isolates, more than 70% of proteins encoded on aneuploid chromosomes are dosage compensated, and average protein levels are shifted towards the euploid state chromosome-wide. At the molecular level, we detect an induction of structural components of the proteasome, increased levels of ubiquitination, and reveal an interdependency of protein turnover rates and attenuation. Our study thus highlights the role of protein turnover in mediating aneuploidy tolerance, and shows the utility of exploiting the natural diversity of species to attain generalizable molecular insights into complex biological processes.
Pan-transcriptome reveals a large accessory genome contribution to gene expression variation in yeast
Authors: Caudal Élodie , Loegler Victor , Dutreux Fabien , Vakirlis Nikolaos , Teyssonnière Élie , Caradec Claudia , Friedrich Anne , Hou Jing , Schacherer Joseph
Published: May 2024

Gene expression is an essential step in the translation of genotypes into phenotypes. However, little is known about the transcriptome architecture and the underlying genetic effects at the species level. Here we generated and analyzed the pan-transcriptome of ~1,000 yeast natural isolates across 4,977 core and 1,468 accessory genes. We found that the accessory genome is an underappreciated driver of transcriptome divergence. Global gene expression patterns combined with population structure showed that variation in heritable expression mainly lies within subpopulation-specific signatures, for which accessory genes are overrepresented. Genome-wide association analyses consistently highlighted that accessory genes are associated with proportionally more variants with larger effect sizes, illustrating the critical role of the accessory genome on the transcriptional landscape within and between populations.
From Planning Stage Towards FAIR Data: A Practical Metadatasheet For Biomedical Scientists
Authors: Seep Lea , Grein Stephan , Splichalova Iva , Ran Danli , Mikhael Mickel , Hildebrand Staffan , Lauterbach Mario , Hiller Karsten , Ribeiro Dalila Juliana Silva , Sieckmann Katharina , Kardinal Ronja , Huang Hao , Yu Jiangyan , Kallabis Sebastian , Behrens Janina , Till Andreas , Peeva Viktoriya , Strohmeyer Akim , Bruder Johanna , Blum Tobias , Soriano-Arroquia Ana , Tischer Dominik , Kuellmer Katharina , Li Yuanfang , Beyer Marc , Gellner Anne-Kathrin , Fromme Tobias , Wackerhage Henning , Klingenspor Martin , Fenske Wiebke K. , Scheja Ludger , Meissner Felix , Schlitzer Andreas , Mass Elvira , Wachten Dagmar , Latz Eicke , Pfeifer Alexander , Hasenauer Jan
Published: May 2024

Datasets consist of measurement data and metadata. Metadata provides context, essential for understanding and (re-)using data. Various metadata standards exist for different methods, systems and contexts. However, relevant information resides at differing stages across the data-lifecycle. Often, this information is defined and standardized only at publication stage, which can lead to data loss and workload increase. In this study, we developed Metadatasheet, a metadata standard based on interviews with members of two biomedical consortia and systematic screening of data repositories. It aligns with the data-lifecycle allowing synchronous metadata recording within Microsoft Excel, a widespread data recording software. Additionally, we provide an implementation, the Metadata Workbook, that offers user-friendly features like automation, dynamic adaption, metadata integrity checks, and export options for various metadata standards. By design and due to its extensive documentation, the proposed metadata standard simplifies recording and structuring of metadata for biomedical scientists, promoting practicality and convenience in data management. This framework can accelerate scientific progress by enhancing collaboration and knowledge transfer throughout the intermediate steps of data creation.
A daily gap-free normalized difference vegetation index dataset from 1981 to 2023 in China
Authors: Li Huiwen , Cao Yue , Xiao Jingfeng , Yuan Zuoqiang , Hao Zhanqing , Bai Xiaoyong , Wu Yiping , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

Long-term, daily, and gap-free Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is of great significance for a better Earth system observation. However, gaps and contamination are quite severe in current daily NDVI datasets. This study developed a daily 0.05° gap-free NDVI dataset from 1981–2023 in China by combining valid data identification and spatiotemporal sequence gap-filling techniques based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration daily NDVI dataset. The generated NDVI in more than 99.91% of the study area showed an absolute percent bias (|PB|) smaller than 1% compared with the original valid data, with an overall R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.79 and 0.05, respectively. PB and RMSE between our dataset and the MODIS daily gap-filled NDVI dataset (MCD19A3CMG) during 2000 to 2023 are 7.54% and 0.1, respectively. PB between our dataset and three monthly NDVI datasets (i.e., GIMMS3g, MODIS MOD13C2, and SPOT/PROBA) are only −5.79%, 4.82%, and 2.66%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first long-term daily gap-free NDVI in China by far.
The gustatory stalk of the Remo flounder exemplifies how complex evolutionary novelties may arise
Authors: Presti Paulo , Pastana Murilo N. L. , Johnson G. David , Datovo Aléssio
Published: May 2024

The appearance of evolutionary novelties is a central issue in biology. Since Darwin’s theory, difficulties in explaining how novel intricate body parts arose have often been used by creationists and other deniers to challenge evolution. Here, we describe the gustatory stalk of the Remo flounder (Oncopterus darwinii), an anatomically and functionally complex organ presumably used as a chemoreceptor probe to detect prey buried in the substrate. We demonstrate that the gustatory stalk is derived from the first dorsal-fin ray, which acquired remarkable modifications in its external morphology, integument, skeleton, muscles, and nerves. Such structural innovations are echoed in both functional and ecological specializations. We reveal that the gustatory stalk arose through the gradual accumulation of changes that evolved at different levels of the phylogenetic tree of ray-finned fishes. At least five preconditions arose in nodes preceding Oncopterus darwinii. This finding constitutes an interesting example of how evolution can deeply remodel body parts to perform entirely new functions. In this case, a trivial support structure primitively used for swimming became a sophisticated sensory tool to uncover hidden prey.
Fifteenth century Florentine mural investigated in situ with VNIR Hyperspectral Imaging and NIR Photography supports interpretation as a bloodletting scene
Authors: Cucci Costanza , Donell Simon , Zucchini Elisa , Picollo Marcello , Stefani Lorenzo , Lippi Donatella
Published: May 2024

This study provides new data which suggest a novel interpretative hypothesis not only on the specific painting, but on the use of bloodletting as medical practice in the Florentine Quattrocento. As a part of a cycle of frescoes devoted to the Seven Corporal Works of Mercy, the examined lunette depicts the “Visit to the sick” in a domestic interior, but it has never been considered as an historical document of precise medical practices. The scene’s definitive interpretation is still unresolved because of the uncertainty of some iconographic details. A campaign of in-situ and non-invasive technical investigations was performed to retrieve possible traces of previous details today concealed. The technical solutions adopted to implement the measurements campaign are illustrated, as an experimental example for remote sensing inspection of mural paintings in-situ. The position of the painting high up on a wall of an historical venue led to opting for stand-alone optical imaging techniques which could operate in remote sensing mode. By combining the use of portable Hyperspectral Imaging with Near Infrared photography a set of detailed images could be obtained that highlighted details not otherwise detectable. Focused on the objects held by the persons present, the analysis of the mural of Visit of the Buonomini in her Lying in Bed, the gift of swaddling cloth could be a tourniquet, shadows of folds of a blanket a thumb lancet, and an object held a blood collection bowl, supported the hypothesis that it could be a medieval bloodletting scene.
Heuristic test reveals little effect of learning and maturation on early prey capture experiences in a web-building spider
Authors: Rittinger Madison A. , Rodríguez Rafael L. , Escalante Ignacio
Published: May 2024

Behaviors can vary throughout an animal’s life and this variation can often be explained by changes associated with learning and/or maturing. Currently, there is little consensus regarding how these processes interact to affect behaviors. Here we proposed a heuristic approach to disentangle the effects of learning and maturation on behavior and applied it to the predatory behaviors of Physocyclus globosus spiderlings. We varied the degree of prey difficulty and familiarity spiderlings received along the first instar and across the molt to the second instar and quantified the time spiderlings spent wrapping prey, as a proxy for prey capture efficiency. We found no overall evidence for learning or maturation. Changes in efficiency were mainly due to the switch from difficult to easy prey, or vice versa. However, there was one treatment where spiderlings improved in efficiency before and after the molt, without a switch in prey type. This provides some indication that difficult prey may offer more opportunity for learning or maturation to impact behavior. Although we found little effect of learning or maturation on prey capture efficiency, we suggest that our heuristic approach is effective and could be useful in investigating these processes in other behaviors and other animals.
Optical sensor reveals the hidden influence of cell dissociation on adhesion measurements
Authors: Kovács Kinga Dóra , Szittner Zoltán , Magyaródi Beatrix , Péter Beatrix , Szabó Bálint , Vörös Alexa , Kanyó Nicolett , Székács Inna , Horvath Robert
Published: May 2024

Cell adhesion experiments are important in tissue engineering and for testing new biologically active surfaces, prostheses, and medical devices. Additionally, the initial state of adhesion (referred to as nascent adhesion) plays a key role and is currently being intensively researched. A critical step in handling all adherent cell types is their dissociation from their substrates for further processing. Various cell dissociation methods and reagents are used in most tissue culture laboratories (here, cell dissociation from the culture surface, cell harvesting, and cell detachment are used interchangeably). Typically, the dissociated cells are re-adhered for specific measurements or applications. However, the impact of the choice of dissociation method on cell adhesion in subsequent measurements, especially when comparing the adhesivity of various surfaces, is not well clarified. In this study, we demonstrate that the application of a label-free optical sensor can precisely quantify the effect of cell dissociation methods on cell adhesivity, both at the single-cell and population levels. The optical measurements allow for high-resolution monitoring of cellular adhesion without interfering with the physiological state of the cells. We found that the choice of reagent significantly alters cell adhesion on various surfaces. Our results clearly demonstrate that biological conclusions about cellular adhesion when comparing various surfaces are highly dependent on the employed dissociation method. Neglecting the choice of cellular dissociation can lead to misleading conclusions when evaluating cell adhesion data from various sources and comparing the adhesivity of two different surfaces (i.e., determining which surface is more or less adhesive).
The associations between plant-based dietary indices with depression and quality of life and insomnia among Iranian adolescent girls in 2015
Authors: Vasmehjani Azam Ahmadi , Darabi Zahra , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid
Published: May 2024

Although previous research has explored the link between plant-based diets and mental health outcomes, there has been limited study on the quality levels of plant foods in this context. This study was conducted on 733 adolescent girls from cities in northeastern Iran. The validated Iranian version of the Insomnia Severity Index, SF-12v2 questionnaire and Persian version of the Beck Depression Inventory used to assess insomnia and poor quality of life (QoL) and depression, respectively. Dietary intakes assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The association of scores of plant based dietary index (PDI) and poor QoL, depression and insomnia explored by binary logistic regression. The unadjusted model showed subjects in the highest quartile of healthy PDI had lower chances of insomnia than those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.27–0.91, P = 0.024). The association persisted across various adjusted models. Subjects in the highest quartile of unhealthy PDI (uPDI) had higher chances of depression than those in the lowest quartile (OR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.09–3.08, P = 0.022). The significance of the association was maintained after adjusting for other confounders. A healthy plant-based dietary index is associated with a lower odds of insomnia. An unhealthy plant-based dietary index was associated to an increased chance of depression. Findings need to be confirmed by future studies.
Transformation of heavy metals from contaminated water to soil, fodder and animals
Authors: Kanwal Hina , Raza Ali , Zaheer Muhammad Saqlain , Nadeem Muhammad , Ali Hafiz Haider , Manoharadas Salim , Rizwan Muhammad , Kashif Muhammad Saleem , Ahmad Uzair , Ikram Kamran , Riaz Muhammad Waheed , Rasool Fatima
Published: May 2024

A serious environmental problem that threatens soil quality, agricultural productivity, and food safety is heavy metal pollution in water sources. Heavy metal pollution is the main problem in tehsil Pasrur, Sialkot, Pakistan. Present study was arranged to notice the heavy metals in water, soil, forages and buffalo milk. There are seven sites that were used for this experiment. Highest malondialdehyde (MDA) contents (3.00 ± 0.01) were noticed in barseem roots at site 7. Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) was reached at its peak (1.93 ± 0.01) at site 7 in the fresh barseem. Maximum protein contents (0.36 ± 0.01) were observed in fresh plant samples at site 2. Site 3's buffalo milk samples had the highest Ni content (7.22 ± 0.33 ppm), while Site 3's soil samples had the lowest Cr content (8.89 ± 0.56 ppm), Site 1's plant shoots had the lowest Cr content (27.75 ± 1.98 ppm), and Site 3's water had the highest Cr content (40.07 ± 0.49 ppm). The maximum fat content (5.38 ± 2.32%) was found in the milk of the animals at site 7. The highest density (31.88 ± 6.501%), protein content (3.64 ± 0.33%), lactose content (5.54 ± 0.320%), salt content (0.66 ± 0.1673%), and freezing point (− 0.5814 ± 0.1827 °C) were also observed in the milk from animals at site 7, whereas site 5 displayed the highest water content (0.66 ± 0.1673%) and peak pH value (11.64 ± 0.09). In selected samples, the pollution load index for Ni (which ranged from 0.01 to 1.03 mg/kg) was greater than 1. Site 7 has the highest conductivity value (5.48 ± 0.48). Values for the health risk index varied from 0.000151 to 1.00010 mg/kg, suggesting that eating tainted animal feed may pose health concerns. Significant health concerns arise from metal deposition in the food chain from soil to feed, with nickel having the highest health risk index.
Males conditionally inseminate at three female body locations according to female mating history and female maturity status in a squid
Authors: Azad Kamrun Naher , Alam Md. Nur E. , Nagata Makoto , Tomano Satoshi , Ono Hiroki , Sugai Kyoko , Hirohashi Noritaka
Published: May 2024

In some squids, such as those in the family Loliginidae, upon copulation, females receive and store male-delivered sperm capsules, spermatangia, at two different body locations: the buccal membrane and the distal end of the oviduct. This insemination site dimorphism is associated with alternative reproductive strategies. However, in Loliolus sumatrensis, a species of Loliginidae, the females possess three insemination sites: buccal membrane (BM), basal left IV arm (ARM) and lateral head behind the left eye (EYE), therefore we studied such the unusual phenomena. We developed microsatellite markers and genotyped the paternity of each spermatangium on three sites. We found multiple paternity at every single site and simultaneous usage of all three sites by a few males. The seasonal dynamics of a population in the Seto Inland Sea revealed a set priority for the initial use of insemination sites as BM, followed by ARM and then EYE, whereas the maximum number of stored spermatangia was greater in EYE > ARM > BM. Female maturity status was correlated with the usage pattern of insemination sites but not with the number of stored spermatangia at any insemination site. These results suggest that a male squid inseminates at different locations according to female mating history and female maturity status.
Characterization of PANoptosis-related genes in Crohn’s disease by integrated bioinformatics, machine learning and experiments
Authors: Yang Yang , Hounye Alphonse Houssou , Chen Yiqian , Liu Zhuqing , Shi Guanzhong , Xiao Ying
Published: May 2024

Currently, the biological understanding of Crohn’s disease (CD) remains limited. PANoptosis is a revolutionary form of cell death reported to participate in numerous diseases, including CD. In our study, we aimed to uncover the roles of PANoptosis in CD. Differentially expressed PANoptosis-related genes (DE-PRGs) were identified by overlapping PANoptosis-related genes and differentially expressed genes between CD and normal samples in a combined microarray dataset. Three machine learning algorithms were adopted to detect hub DE-PRGs. To stratify the heterogeneity within CD patients, nonnegative matrix factorization clustering was conducted. In terms of immune landscape analysis, the “ssGSEA” method was applied. qRT-PCR was performed to examine the expression levels of the hub DE-PRGs in CD patients and colitis model mice. Ten hub DE-PRGs with satisfactory diagnostic performance were identified and validated: CD44, CIDEC, NDRG1, NUMA1, PEA15, RAG1, S100A8, S100A9, TIMP1 and XBP1. These genes displayed significant associations with certain immune cell types and CD-related genes. We also constructed gene‒microRNA, gene‒transcription factor and drug‒gene interaction networks. CD samples were classified into two PANoptosis patterns according to the expression levels of the hub DE-PRGs. Our results suggest that PANoptosis plays a nonnegligible role in CD by modulating the immune system and interacting with CD-related genes.
Study on the microstructure and properties of a laser cladding Fe–Ni–Al coating based on the invar effect
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhang Jian , Zhang Fengqin , Qi Changbao
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Al content on Fe–Ni–Al coatings. A Fe–Ni–Al coating was prepared using a semiconductor laser, and the influence of the Al content on the microstructure and properties of the coating was examined. The microstructure of the coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the coating was measured using a static thermomechanical analyzer. The microhardness and wear performance of the coating were analyzed using a microhardness tester and a wear testing machine. The results were as follows. The addition of Al to the Fe–Ni ferroalloy powder resulted in the in situ formation of an AlNi/Fe–Ni laser cladding layer. When the Al content was low, the coating mainly consisted of γ-[Fe,Ni] austenite. As the Al content increased, the matrix phase structure of the cladding layer transformed into the α phase. Consequently, the Invar effect was gradually compromised, leading to the generation of defects in the coating. When the Al content was 4%, the coating performance improved while maintaining a low coefficient of thermal expansion. At this point, there were relatively few cracks in the cladding layer, and it exhibited the best wear resistance.
Use of stepwise lung recruitment maneuver to predict fluid responsiveness under lung protective ventilation in the operating room
Authors: Chun Eun Hee , Chung Mi Hwa , Kim Jung Eun , Lee Hye Sun , Jo Youngbum , Jun Joo Hyun
Published: May 2024

Recent research has revealed that hemodynamic changes caused by lung recruitment maneuvers (LRM) with continuous positive airway pressure can be used to identify fluid responders. We investigated the usefulness of stepwise LRM with increasing positive end-expiratory pressure and constant driving pressure for predicting fluid responsiveness in patients under lung protective ventilation (LPV). Forty-one patients under LPV were enrolled when PPV values were in a priori considered gray zone (4% to 17%). The FloTrac-Vigileo device measured stroke volume variation (SVV) and stroke volume (SV), while the patient monitor measured pulse pressure variation (PPV) before and at the end of stepwise LRM and before and 5 min after fluid challenge (6 ml/kg). Fluid responsiveness was defined as a ≥ 15% increase in the SV or SV index. Seventeen were fluid responders. The areas under the curve for the augmented values of PPV and SVV, as well as the decrease in SV by stepwise LRM to identify fluid responders, were 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.88), 0.78 (0.62–0.89), and 0.69 (0.53–0.82), respectively. The optimal cut-offs for the augmented values of PPV and SVV were > 18% and > 13%, respectively. Stepwise LRM -generated augmented PPV and SVV predicted fluid responsiveness under LPV.
Yoga and its effect on sperm genomic integrity, gene expression, telomere length and perceived quality of life in early pregnancy loss
Authors: Dhawan Vidhu , Malhotra Neena , Singh Neeta , Dadhwal Vatsla , Dada Rima
Published: May 2024

Achieving successful pregnancy outcomes is a delicate interplay between the maternal and the fetal counterparts. Paternal factors play a critical role in health and disease of offspring. Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a psychologically devastating condition affecting the quality of life (QOL). Thus, it needs to be managed by a mind body integrated approach like yoga.The prospective single arm exploratory studyincluded male partners of couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL, n = 30), and recurrent implantation failure (RIF, n = 30) and semen samples wereassessed at the beginning and completion of yoga (6 weeks) (WHO 2010).

A significant increase in the sperm concentration, motility, decrease in seminal ROS, DFI and increase in relative sperm telomere length was found at the end of yoga. The relative expression of genes critical for early embryonic developmentnormalized towards the levels of controls. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire scores to assess QOL also showed improvement.

Integration of regular practice yoga into our lifestyle may help in improving seminal redox status, genomic integrity, telomere length, normalizing gene expression and QOL, highlighting the need to use an integrated, holistic approach in management of such cases. This is pertinent for decreasing the transmission of mutation and epimutation load to the developing embryo, improving pregnancy outcomes and decreasing genetic and epigenetic disease burden in the next generation.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Kebede Tsegaye Melaku , Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Koyira Mengistu Meskele , Azeze Gedion Asnake , Lombebo Afework Alemu , Efa Amelework Gonfa , Haile Kirubel Eshetu , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw
Published: May 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) poses a significant clinical challenge for individuals living with HIV (PLHIV). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this condition is becoming a growing concern, owing to lifestyle changes and an increasingly aging population. Several SSA countries have reported on the prevalence of MetS. However, these estimates may be outdated because numerous recent studies have updated MetS prevalence among PLHIV in these countries. Moreover, prior research has focused on various study designs to report the pooled prevalence, which is a methodological limitation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled estimates of MetS in PLHIV in SSA by addressing these gaps. We systematically searched Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, and PubMed/Medline for the prevalence of MetS and its subcomponents among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The estimated pooled prevalence was presented using a forest plot. Egger’s and Begg’s rank regression tests were used to assess evidence of publication bias. Twenty-five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria after review of the updated PRISMA guidelines. The pooled prevalence of MetS was 21.01% [95% CI: (16.50, 25.51)] and 23.42% [95% CI: (19.16, 27.08)] to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, respectively. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Low HDL) at 47.25% [95% CI: 34.17, 60.33)] were the highest reported individual subcomponent, followed by abdominal obesity at 38.44% [95% CI: (28.81, 48.88)]. The prevalence of MetS is high in sub-Saharan Africa. Low HDL levels and increased waist circumference/abdominal obesity were the most prevalent components of MetS. Therefore, early screening for MetS components and lifestyle modifications is required. Policymakers should develop strategies to prevent MetS before an epidemic occurs.

PROSPERO: CRD42023445294.
CYP2C19 and CYP2J2 genotypes predict praziquantel plasma exposure among Ethiopian school-aged children
Authors: Gebreyesus Tigist Dires , Makonnen Eyasu , Telele Nigus Fikrie , Barry Abbie , Mnkugwe Rajabu Hussein , Gerba Heran , Dahl Marja-Liisa , Aklillu Eleni
Published: May 2024

Metabolism of praziquantel (PZQ), a racemic mixture and the only drug approved to treat S. mansoni infection, is mediated by genetically polymorphic enzymes. Periodic school-based mass drug administration (MDA) with PZQ is the core intervention to control schistosomiasis. However data on the impact of pharmacogenetic variation, nutrition, and infection status on plasma PZQ exposure is scarce. We investigated genetic and non-genetic factors influencing PZQ plasma concentration and its metabolic ratios (trans-4-OH-PZQ/PZQ and cis-4-OH-PZQ/PZQ). Four hundred forty-six school children aged 7–15 years from four primary schools in southern Ethiopia who received albendazole and PZQ preventive chemotherapy through MDA campaign were enrolled. Genotyping for common functional variants of CYP3A4 (*1B), CYP3A5 (*3, *6), CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *17), CYP2C9 (*2, *3), and CYP2J2*7 was performed. Plasma concentrations of PZQ, trans-4-OH-PZQ, and cis-4-OH-PZQ were quantified using UPLCMS/MS. Carriers of CYP2C19 defective variant alleles (*2 and *3) had significantly higher mean PZQ plasma concentration than CYP2C19*1/*1 or *17 carriers (p = 0.005). CYP2C19*1/*1 and CYP2C19*17 carriers had higher trans-4-OH-PZQ/PZQ and cis-4-OH-PZQ/PZQ metabolic ratios compared with CYP2C19*2 or *3 carriers (p < 0.001). CYP2J2*7 carriers had lower mean PZQ plasma concentration (p = 0.05) and higher trans-4-OH-PZQ/PZQ and cis-4-OH-PZQ/PZQ metabolic ratios. Male participants had significantly higher PZQ concentration (p = 0.006) and lower metabolic ratios (p = 0.001) than females. There was no significant effect of stunting, wasting, S. mansoni or soil-transmitted helminth infections, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, or CYP2C9 genotypes on plasma PZQ or its metabolic ratios. In conclusion, sex, CYP2C19 and CYP2J2 genotypes significantly predict PZQ plasma exposure among Ethiopian children. The impact of CYP2C19 and CYP2J2 genotypes on praziquantel treatment outcomes requires further investigation.
A key role of off-equatorial subsurface temperature anomalies in Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability
Authors: San Sieu-Cuong , Tseng Yu-Heng , Ding Ruiqiang , Di Lorenzo Emanuele
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate the key role of off-equatorial subsurface temperature anomalies in driving the phase transition of Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability (TPDV) using observation and model experiments. During the positive phase of TPDV, anomalous atmospheric responses in the off-equatorial northwestern Pacific induce positive Ekman pumping. The resulting negative subsurface temperature anomaly generated then propagates along the North Equatorial Countercurrent pathway towards the central basin, causing a sign reversal of the equatorial sea-surface temperature anomalies around three years later. Moreover, the positive phase of TPDV possibly changes the state of the Kuroshio Extension through tropical-extratropical interaction, which subsequently projects onto the footprint of the Pacific Meridional Mode, thereby amplifying subsurface-produced disturbance 0–12 months before the cold peak phase. The cold phase is completely established after five years. Similarly, the same dynamic applies to the reversed phase, leading to a preferred decadal oscillation driven by off-equatorial subsurface temperature anomalies and extratropical-tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction.
Si-CMOS compatible epsilon-near-zero metamaterial for two-color ultrafast all-optical switching
Authors: Pianelli Alessandro , Dhama Rakesh , Judek Jarosław , Mazur Rafał , Caglayan Humeyra
Published: May 2024

Driven by the escalating demands of advanced technologies, developing integration strategies has kept pace with the realization of ultrafast components during the past two decades. Ultrafast all-optical switches enabled by artificial materials are considered at the forefront of the next generation of photonic integration for communications and high-volume data processing. Encouraged by these advancements, applications, and interest have increased toward all-optical switches based on epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials. However, some all-optical switches lack CMOS compatibility, require high energy activation, and are limited in switching speed and working wavelength. Here, we propose and demonstrate a multilayered ENZ metamaterial utilizing Si-compatible titanium nitride and indium-tin-oxide materials with two effective working wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. This device enables switching time down to a few hundred femtoseconds utilizing minimal energy at the corresponding ENZ regions induced by intraband pumping. Our approach can enhance the adaptability of designing ENZ metamaterials for new hybrid integrated photonic components for low-power ultrafast all-optical terahertz modulation.
Observation of dense collisional soliton complexes in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Mossman Sean M. , Katsimiga Garyfallia C. , Mistakidis Simeon I. , Romero-Ros Alejandro , Bersano Thomas M. , Schmelcher Peter , Kevrekidis Panayotis G. , Engels Peter
Published: May 2024

Solitons are nonlinear solitary waves which maintain their shape over time and through collisions, occurring in a variety of nonlinear media from plasmas to optics. We present an experimental and theoretical study of hydrodynamic phenomena in a two-component atomic Bose-Einstein condensate where a soliton array emerges from the imprinting of a periodic spin pattern by a microwave pulse-based winding technique. We observe the ensuing dynamics which include shape deformations, the emergence of dark-antidark solitons, apparent spatial frequency tripling, and decay and revival of contrast related to soliton collisions. For the densest arrays, we obtain soliton complexes where solitons undergo continued collisions for long evolution times providing an avenue towards the investigation of soliton gases in atomic condensates.
New light on chemotherapy toxicity and its prevention
Authors: Juthani Ronit , Punatar Sachin , Mittra Indraneel
Published: May 2024

Most patients with cancer receive chemotherapy. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is associated with a number of potentially life-threatening side effects. There is a need to ameliorate chemotoxicity to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life. Chemotoxicity arises from systemic DNA damage and inflammation in healthy cells due to chemotherapy drugs. Traditionally, these processes are believed to be caused by the direct death of normal cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. However, new research has challenged this dogma by suggesting that chemotoxicity is a secondary effect associated with the release of cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) from cells subjected to drug-induced death. Released cfChPs can freely enter into bystander healthy cells to inflict double-strand (dsDNA) breaks and activate inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. The drug-induced cell death and cfChPs release have cascading effects that exaggerate and prolong chemotoxicity. Furthermore, evidence has emerged from laboratory and preclinical studies, and two phase II clinical trials, indicating that chemotoxicity can be minimised by deactivating cfChPs. Three cfChPs-deactivating agents have been identified, of which the nutraceutical combination resveratrol and copper (R–Cu)—easily administered orally and with little toxicity—is the agent of choice for human therapeutic use. This article aims to provide practising medical oncologists with a perspective on this emerging research on chemotoxicity and its prevention and its potential implications for the future. Well-designed randomised clinical trials will be necessary to establish the true clinical value of these findings in day-to-day practice.
Supported nano-sized precious metal catalysts for oxidation of catalytic volatile organic compounds
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Jipeng
Published: May 2024

This review summarizes the recent advances of supported precious metal catalysts for boosting the catalytic oxidation of VOCs.
Inhibition of DXR in the MEP pathway with lipophilic N-alkoxyaryl FR900098 analogs
Authors: Bague Darean , Wang Ruiqin , Hodge Dana , Mikati Marwa O. , Roma Jose S. , Boshoff Helena I. , Dailey Allyson L. , Girma Misgina , Couch Robin D. , Odom John Audrey R. , Dowd Cynthia S.
Published: May 2024

Isoprene biosynthesis is a point of vulnerability for many pathogens. Building on prior work, we report a novel set of potent compounds that display selectivity for P. falciparum over M. tuberculosis, and act on-target intracellularly.
CS2-based one-pot multicomponent tandem polymerization toward functional polybenzothiazoles
Authors: Liu Dongming , Zhang Haoran , Zhang Lijing , Wang Jia , Chang Zhiyang , Cong Hailin
Published: May 2024

CS2-based one-pot three-component tandem polymerization.
Scale-up of slurry Taylor flow microreactor for heterogeneous photocatalytic synthesis of azo-products
Authors: Du Runjuan , Chen Yuhang , Ding Zhiming , Fan Chuanting , Wang Gang , Zhang Jie , Tang Zhiyong
Published: May 2024

With a careful balance between a high-power LED light source, a sized-up reactor, and optimum operating parameters, successful scaling-up was achieved for the photocatalytic synthesis of azo-compounds in a slurry Taylor flow reactor.
Ultrasensitive detection of dopamine using Au microelectrodes integrated with mesoporous silica thin films
Authors: Huang Juan , Zhou Huaxu , Zou Yanqi , Liu Huiqing , Chen Qianjin
Published: May 2024

An electrochemical method was developed for ultrasensitive and selective detection of dopamine using mesoporous silica thin film modified gold microelectrodes.
Development of a highly sensitive ampicillin sensor utilizing functionalized aptamers
Authors: Ren Linjiao , Ma Shilin , Li Chenlong , Wang Diankang , Zhang Pei , Wang Lingli , Qin Zirui , Jiang Liying
Published: May 2024

In order to develop a sensitive and simple ampicillin trace antibiotic residue detection sensor, the factors influencing the modification effect of gold-enabled nucleic acid sequences (adenine, thymine) were comprehensively analyzed.
Unveiling protic amino acid ionic liquids for the efficient capture of carbon dioxide
Authors: Wen Shuyue , Zheng Leizhi , Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Youting
Published: May 2024

A series of novel protic amino acid ionic liquids (PAAILs) are designed and synthesized for the first time through acid-base neutralization and an ion exchange reaction. The PAAILs are found to be efficient, reversible, and selective CO2 absorbents.
Stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl azides: allyl glycosyl sulfones as radical precursors
Authors: Li Yanjing , Tian Yubiao , Xie Demeng , Wang Yingwei , Niu Dawen
Published: May 2024

We introduce a radical reaction for the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl azides using bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones as the donor.
High concentration in situ polymer gel electrolyte for high performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Cheng Zhangbin , Qiu Feilong , Jiang Yuchen , Jia Min , Yan Xiaohong , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: May 2024

The GPE in situ polymerized electrolyte prepared enables stable cycling of a Li‖Li battery for over 3200 h. This GPE shows promise for a high-capacity lithium-metal battery by combining high concentration electrolytes with in situ polymerization.
Recent advances in metal halide perovskite based photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis and organic transformations
Authors: Zhao Hairong , Sun Jiachen , Kumar Sonu , Li Peihang , Thalluri Sitaramanjaneya Mouli , Wang Zhiming M. , Thumu Udayabhaskararao
Published: May 2024

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) emerged as highly promising materials for photocatalysis, offering significant advancements in the degradation of soluble and airborne pollutants, as well as the transformation of functional organic compounds.
Correction: 3D printing of reactive macroporous polymers via thiol–ene chemistry and polymerization-induced phase separation
Authors: Mandsberg Nikolaj K. , Aslan Fatma , Dong Zheqin , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘3D printing of reactive macroporous polymers via thiol–ene chemistry and polymerization-induced phase separation’ by Nikolaj K. Mandsberg et al., Chem. Commun., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cc00466c.
Crystal growth and enhanced magneto-optical properties of a terbium aluminum gallium garnet crystal for Faraday isolators
Authors: Yang Xianxian , Xin Xianhui , Hao Yuankai , Zhang Zhen , Hu Qiangqiang , Fu Xiuwei , Jia Zhitai , Tao Xutang
Published: May 2024

A new component Tb3Al2Ga3O12 magneto-optical crystal was obtained successfully for the first time; it exhibits an excellent transmittance of over 80% and a superior magneto-optical effect compared to the traditional TGG crystal.
Spin crossover {[Fe(atrz)3](OTs)2}n monolith: a green synthesis approach for Robust switchable materials
Authors: Martinez-Martinez Ana , Albacete Pablo , García-Hernández Mar , Resines-Urien Esther , Fairen-Jimenez David , Sánchez Costa José
Published: May 2024

We report a room-temperature synthesis of a {[Fe(atrz)3](OTs)2}n monolith following the green chemistry principles. This material exhibits a gradual spin crossover transition compared to bulk material, aligning with observations in smaller particles.
A reversible self-assembled molecular layer for lithium metal batteries with high energy/power densities at ultra-low temperatures
Authors: Zhang Weili , Lu Yang , Cao Qingbin , Liu Hao , Feng Qingqing , Zhou Pan , Xia Yingchun , Hou Wenhui , Yan Shuaishuai , Liu Kai
Published: May 2024

We have demonstrated a molecular interface engineering strategy to address the design dilemma of low-temperature electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.
Cooperative oxidation of NH3 and H2O to selectively produce nitrate via a nearly barrierless N–O coupling pathway
Authors: Dang Kun , Wu Lei , Liu Siqin , Ji Hongwei , Chen Chuncheng , Zhang Yuchao , Zhao Jincai
Published: May 2024

This work presents a photoanode with state-of-the-art selective ammonia oxidation performance and elucidates its barrierless N–O coupling mechanism.
Catalytic pulsed plasma treatment for organic micropollutants: unveiling the synergistic role of photocatalysts in radical generation and degradation mechanisms
Authors: Anand Ritik , Philip Ligy
Published: May 2024

Catalytic pulsed plasma treatment for removal of multiple organic micropollutants.
Chemical recycling of polyester textile wastes: shifting towards sustainability
Authors: El Darai Théo , Ter-Halle Alexandra , Blanzat Muriel , Despras Guillaume , Sartor Valérie , Bordeau Guillaume , Lattes Armand , Franceschi Sophie , Cassel Stéphanie , Chouini-Lalanne Nadia , Perez Emile , Déjugnat Christophe , Garrigues Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2024

Amongst all synthetic polymers used in the clothing industry, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely used polyester, its fibres representing half the total PET global market (in comparison bottle PET being less than a third).
Correction: Thermoelectric nanowires for dense 3D printed architectures
Authors: Zhang Danwei , Ramiah Jayanthi , Cagirici Mehmet , Saglik Kivanc , Solco Samantha Faye Duran , Cao Jing , Xu Jianwei , Suwardi Ady
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Thermoelectric nanowires for dense 3D printed architectures’ by Danwei Zhang et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, 11, 847–854, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MH01646C.
Cyanosol-enabled ultrafine alloy nanocrystals on graphene as a hybridization matrix for long-life and high-rate silicon anodes
Authors: Zhu Junwen , Li Xiaoyun , Chen Jingyi , Wang Cen , Li Zhe , Cao Xin , Zhou Yiming , Tang Yawen , Wu Ping
Published: May 2024

A cyanosol-derived electrostatic assembly and pyrolysis route has been developed to construct homogeneous silicon/metal/carbon (Si/M/C) ternary materials, enabling improved lithium-storage kinetics and performance.