bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Oxidation Resistance and Microhardness of Ni-Ysz Composites Via the Forging in Air
Authors: Kurapova O.Yu. , Solovyeva E.N. , Lomakin I.V. , Ushakov V.M. , Archakov I.Yu. , Konakov V.G.
Published: April 2019

Nickel-ceramics composites are very promising materials for various industrial applications. Significant progress was achieved in the field of composite nickel-ceramic coatings development. However, in case of bulk nickel-ceramics composites the available information is quite insufficient. In this study the effect of forging on the microstructure, oxidation resistance, and microhardness of Ni-8Y2O3-92ZrO2 (Ni-YSZ) composites was revealed. Nickel-YSZ composites were manufactured by powder metallurgy technique with following vacuum annealing at 1250 °C; in addition, forging at 1000 °C was applied. Oxidation behavior was studied by termogravimetry in air. The microstructure of the composites was investigated via SEM, XRD, and EBSD analysis. It was shown that forged composites do not undergo oxidation in the temperature range 20-950 °C. Forged Ni-YSZ composites exhibited improved Vickers hardness (HV) compared to bulk nickel.
Effect of Bench Press Load Knowledge on One Repetition Maximum Strength
Authors: Snarr Ronald L. , Adams Kara , Cook Jordan
Published: April 2019

Snarr, RL, Adams, K, and Cook, J. Effect of bench press load knowledge on one repetition maximum strength. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2121–2126, 2021—Knowledge of a given load and visual feedback are crucial while performing a given task. Although previous literature has examined the consequences of lifting a submaximal weight, the removal of load knowledge has yet to be examined under maximal effort. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press values between a known and unknown external load. Twenty resistance-trained subjects (10 male subjects and 10 female subjects) completed 2 trials of a 1RM bench press protocol separated by 48–72 hours. The two 1RM trials consisted of (a) a traditional 1RM lift in which subjects could see the external load and (b) a 1RM lift in which the external load was blocked from view of the subject. Trials were randomized for all subjects. Results indicated that no differences were observed when the load was known vs. unknown within all subjects (p = 0.094; Cohen's d = 0.03; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). In addition, 40% decreased and 15% increased their 1RM, despite the unknown condition. A statistical difference was found between the initial 1RM estimation vs. measured 1RM during the known load trial (p = 0.034, Cohen's d = 0.07). Practitioners should note that load knowledge before a maximal lift does not appear to present any significant detrimental effects on performance. Therefore, training during a “blinded” condition may present a unique modality and additional balance component that would not be presented during a traditional maximal lift. Further examination of attentional focus and muscle activation differences are warranted.
Neuromuscular Jumping Performance and Upper-Body Horizontal Power of Volleyball Players
Authors: Gonçalves Carlota A. , Lopes Tiago J.D. , Nunes Célia , Marinho Daniel A. , Neiva Henrique P.
Published: April 2019

Gonçalves, CA, Lopes, TJD, Nunes, C, Marinho, DA, and Neiva, HP. Neuromuscular jumping performance and upper-body horizontal power of volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2236–2241, 2021—The aim of the current study was to characterize the neuromuscular jumping performance and upper-body horizontal power of elite and subelite volleyball players. In addition, those neuromuscular performances were compared between field positions. One hundred twenty-two male volleyball players participated in the study: 83 elite players (mean ± SD: 24.11 ± 5.57 years) and 39 subelite players (25.38 ± 6.19 years). They were divided according to their playing position: setters (n = 22), opposite hitters (n = 16), middle hitters (n = 30), right-side hitters (n = 38), and liberos (n = 16). Each subject randomly performed 3 repetitions of medicine ball throwing (MBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), CMJ with free arms (CMJFA), and spike jump (SPJ). The results showed no significant differences between positions in the analyzed variables. However, there were differences between elite and subelite in the CMJ (p = 0.000,

= 0.12), the CMJFA (p = 0.000,

= 0.15), the SPJ (p = 0.000,

= 0.21), and MBT (p = 0.001,

= 0.09), showing a tendency for increased jumping performance and upper-body horizontal power for elite players. The elite opposite hitters and right-side hitters recorded greater CMJ performances (d = 1.20 and d = 1.62, respectively). The right-side hitters were the only group that showed greater horizontal upper-body muscular power (p = 0.000, d = 1.50). It is suggested that jumping performance is a determining factor for higher-level players, which was more relevant for the opposite hitters and right-side hitters. Nevertheless, the movement pattern of MBT seems to be relevant for the right-side hitters. Coaches should seek to develop jumping ability for the improvement of volleyball performances, without disregarding upper-body performances, depending on the position-specific demands.
Dural Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Produces Female-Specific Responses in Rodent Migraine Models
Authors: Avona Amanda , Burgos-Vega Carolina , Burton Michael D. , Akopian Armen N. , Price Theodore J. , Dussor Gregory
Published: April 2019

Migraine is the second leading cause for disability worldwide and the most common neurological disorder. It is also three times more common in women; reasons for this sex difference are not known. Using preclinical behavioral models of migraine, we show that application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the rat dura mater produces cutaneous periorbital hypersensitivity. Surprisingly, this response was observed only in females; dural CGRP at doses from 1 pg to 3.8 μg produce no responses in males. In females, dural CGRP causes priming to a pH 7.0 solution after animals recover from the initial CGRP-induced allodynia. Dural application of interleukin-6 causes acute responses in males and females but only causes priming to subthreshold dural CGRP (0.1 pg) in females. Intracisternal application of BDNF also causes similar acute hypersensitivity responses in males and females but only priming to subthreshold dural CGRP (0.1 pg) in females. Females were additionally primed to a subthreshold dose of the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (0.1 mg/kg) following dural CGRP. Finally, the sexually dimorphic responses to dural CGRP were not specific to rats as similar female-specific hypersensitivity responses were seen in mice, where increased grimace responses were also observed. These data are the first to demonstrate that CGRP-induced headache-like behavioral responses at doses up to 3.8 μg are female-specific both acutely and following central and peripheral priming. These data further implicate dural CGRP signaling in the pathophysiology of migraine and propose a model where dural CGRP-based mechanisms contribute to the sexual disparity of this female-biased disorder.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, and CGRP-based therapeutics are efficacious for the treatment of migraine in humans. However, the location of action for CGRP in migraine remains unclear. We show here that application of CGRP to the cranial meninges causes behavioral responses consistent with headache in preclinical rodent models. Surprisingly, however, these responses are only observed in females. Acute responses to meningeal CGRP are female-specific and sensitization to CGRP after two distinct stimuli are also female-specific. These data implicate the dura mater as a primary location of action for CGRP in migraine and suggest that female-specific mechanisms downstream of CGRP receptor activation contribute to the higher prevalence of migraine in women.
Evolution and accumulation of C-CO2 in biogenic and physiogenic aggregates of different agroecological management systems
Authors: Pinto Luiz Alberto Silva Rodrigues , Mendonça Octávio Vioratti Telles , Rossi Celeste Queiroz , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Barros Fabiana Costa
Published: April 2019

Determination of mineralizable carbon (C) is based on the evolution of C-CO2, reflecting the activity of soil biota in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and can be used as a testing parameter in agroecological production systems. The objective of the present work was to quantify mineralizable C in aggregates of different biogenic and physiogenic formation pathways in agroecological management systems in the city of Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro. Five sampling areas were selected: (1) 10-year agroforestry system (AFS), (2) 15-year full sun coffee (C-SUN), (3) 15-year shaded coffee (C-SHA), (4) 10-year phlegm alleles (FLE), and (5) 6-year no-till planting system with corn and eggplant (NT) in Red-Yellow Argissolo in Seropédica-RJ.Morphological patterns were used to identify the formation pathway (biogenic and physiogenic) of aggregates.  In these, fertility, total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) were evaluated.  The evolution and accumulation of C-CO2were determined in the laboratory after 35 days of incubation. The NT area under agroecological management present higher C-CO2 accumulation between the systems with biogenic aggregates and less accumulation in the physiogenic aggregates.
Reviewing Two Street Blocks in Downtown Salt Lake City
Authors: Greub Charlott
Published: April 2019

This paper offers the perspective that architecture should be considered and seen as public art. Accordingly, this paper adopts an interdisciplinary perspective to the study and practice of art and architecture. Along these lines, the paper will discuss a proposal by Urban Art Lab in the SixtyNine-Seventy Competition, which called for the conceptual “re-envisioning” or re-imagining of two street blocks (69 and 70) in downtown Salt Lake City in Utah. Urban Art Lab’s entry for the competition was an urban cluster within two Salt Lake City blocks that consisted of installations, art interventions and new public spaces.
Deep Models, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence Applications in National and International Security
Authors: Zhao Ying , Flenner Arjuna
Published: April 2019

The spring 2019 and summer 2019 issues of AI Magazine will feature articles on deep models, machine learning, and AI applications in national and international security. These articles address many of the pressing issues involved in applying deep learning to the domain of security.
Characterizations and analysis of genus Amphora diatom frustules: a promising biomaterial
Authors: Sasirekha Rajendran , Sheena Thankaraj Salammal , Anitha Radhakrishnan , Santhanam Perumal , Kulandaivel Jeganathan
Published: April 2019

In the present study, the authors have synthesized biosilica from marine diatoms (Amphora sp.) by using an optimized procedure with a combination of acid and salt washing treatments. The purification of frustules employed a simple methodology that combines acid digestion and rinsing with hydrogen peroxide. The content of Amphora sp. biosilica has been analyzed through energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The result declares the purity of biosilica, which is highly pristine in comparison to diatomaceous earth. The structural architecture of Amphora sp. is typically amorphous in nature. Moreover, Amphora sp. biosilica has a mesopore diameter and a surface area of 4·838 nm and 332 m2/g, respectively, which are relatively higher than those from previous reports. The adsorption/desorption isotherm results suggest that the derived frustules have a highly porous architecture, which shows their great potential to be used as drug delivery carriers, biosensors, biocatalysts and adsorbents in the future.
In situ debris–cement admixture testing in alpine wild creeks, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jun-Yang , Chen I-Hui , Su Miau-Bin
Published: April 2019

This study explores a new method of in situ debris–cement mixing through laboratory and field experiments to reuse dredged post-disaster debris for the ground improvement of banks in alpine wild creeks, Taiwan. Different mixing ratios of water, cement and in situ debris were subjected to laboratory and field testing so that the relationships between the compressive strength, water–cement–aggregate ratio and sand content of the test specimens could be determined. The results were then applied to fieldwork in wild creeks. Furthermore, the compressive strength desired for ground improvement in alpine wild creeks through the mixing method is proposed. Considering cost-effective conditions, a cement–aggregate ratio of 1:12, compressive strength of 400–1200 psi (2·76–8·27 MPa), slump of approximately 15 cm and sand content of less than 60% are proposed. Overall, the in situ debris–cement mixing method can be practically employed for debris recycling and ground improvement to protect banks in alpine wild creeks.
Axial response of short pile due to tunnelling-induced soil movement in soft clay
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Leung Chun Fai , Yu Jian , Huang Maosong
Published: April 2019

Soil movements due to tunnelling work may induce severe stresses on the foundations supporting nearby structures. The situation is particularly severe for the cases of short piles supporting low-rise or old buildings with the pile toes located above the tunnel excavation elevation. In this study, centrifuge model tests were conducted to investigate the axial response of a single short pile located at various offset distances from the tunnel centreline with different ground volume losses in soft clay under undrained conditions. The test results reveal that the load-transfer pattern along the pile shaft changes with the pile offset distance away from the tunnel centreline. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses were then conducted to evaluate the effect of pile–soil relative stiffness on the performance of adjacent piles due to tunnelling. Finally, a method is proposed to provide a preliminary estimation of the maximum-induced axial force on short piles subject to tunnelling-induced soil movement.
Yüksek Teknolojili Ürün İhracatı: Lider Ülkeler ve Türkiye Analizi
Authors: GÜNEŞ Sevcan , AKIN Tuğba
Published: April 2019

Sürdürülebilir bir büyüme performansına ulaşmak için ülkelerin ihracat pazarlarında fiyat dışı faktörlerde rekabetçi olması önemlidir. Küreselleşme ve dışa açıklığın hız kazanması ile birlikte ülkeler katma değer artışı sağlamak için teknoloji yoğunluğu yüksek nitelikli ürünlerin üretim ve ihracatını artırmayı hedeflemişlerdir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatını belirleyen faktörlerin neler olduğunu ortaya koymak ve bu değişkenlerle 1989-2016 dönemi için VAR modelinden yararlanarak Türkiye analizi yapmaktır. Etki tepki fonksiyonlarına bakıldığında sadece sanayi sektöründeki katma değer (LNIKD) değişkeninin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Sanayi sektöründeki katma değer düşüşüne yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı ikinci dönemde azalarak tepki vermiştir. Varyans ayrıştırma analizine göre ise, ikinci dönemden itibaren yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatının kendi gecikmelerinin etkisi azalmakta ve diğer değişkenlerin katkısı ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Valspodar-modulated chemotherapy in human ovarian cancer cells SK-OV-3 and MDAH-2774
Authors: Zalewski Maciej , Kulbacka Julita , Saczko Jolanta , Drag-Zalesinska Małgorzata , Choromanska Anna
Published: April 2019

Overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer is the overarching goal in gynecologic oncology. One way to increase drug cytotoxicity without increasing the drug dose is to simultaneously apply multidrug resistance modulator. Valspodar is the second generation P-glycoprotein 1 modulator capable of reversing multidrug resistance in different cancers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of valspodar and cisplatin co-treatment on cell viability, cell death and oxidative status in ovarian cancer cells. The two cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3 and MDAH-2774 were treated with cisplatin, valspodar, or cisplatin+valspodar for 24 and 48 hours. Untreated cells were used as control group. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell death was assessed by TUNEL and comet assay. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and protein thiol groups were analyzed as oxidative stress markers. The expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Valspodar effectively reduced the resistance of SK-OV-3 cells to cisplatin, as demonstrated by increased oxidative stress, decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in SK-OV-3 cells co-treated with valspodar and cisplatin compared to other groups. However, valspodar did not affect the resistance of MDAH-2774 cells to cisplatin. Stronger staining for MnSOD in MDAH-2774 vs. SK-OV-3 cells after co-treatment with cisplatin and valspodar may determine the resistance of MDAH-2774 cell line to cisplatin.
Causes of Indiscipline Among Students as Viewed by Primary School Teachers in Nigeria
Authors: Odebode Aminat Adeola
Published: April 2019

Indiscipline among students in Nigerian schools remained a source of great concern to stakeholders as it had caused a lot of mental, emotional and physical damage in the society. This research investigated the causes of indiscipline among students as viewed by primary school teachers in Nigeria. The research also examined the influence of gender, school locale, years of teaching experience and educational attainment on the respondents’ views. In addition, this research employed a descriptive survey method. A total of 200 primary school teachers in Nigeria participated in the research. They responded to a researcher-designed questionnaire entitled ‘Causes of Indiscipline Questionnaire’ (CIQ). Then, the psychometric properties of the instrument were established and the collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Furthermore, the findings showed that the causes of indiscipline among students as viewed by primary school teachers in Nigeria were societal, governmental, parental, school and students factors respectively. In view of the findings, it is recommended that government and school administrators should formulate policies in schools to curb indiscipline among students.
Avaliação tóxica, citotóxica e mutagênica/genotóxica de um extrato comercial de sangue do dragão (Croton lechleri)
Authors: De Almeida Fernanda Karen Virgolino , Novais Valéria Pinheiro de , Salvi Jeferson De Oliveira , Marson Renan Fava
Published: April 2019

Na região amazônica é comum o uso de plantas para fins terapêuticos. Entre as espécies utilizadas, a Croton lechleri vem ganhando destaque pela sua extensa aplicabilidade, sendo utilizada principalmente como cicatrizante de feridas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial tóxico, citotóxico e mutagênico/genotóxico de um extrato comercial de Croton lechleri. O teste do Allium cepa foi realizado a partir de diluições de 0,5 mL; 1,0 mL; 2,0 mL e 2,5 mL do extrato em 250 mL de água, utilizando como parâmetros o crescimento das raízes, índice mitótico e a presença de micronúcleos. Os resultados demonstraram uma inibição no crescimento das raízes de todas as concentrações e uma diminuição no índice mitótico, com ênfase na maior concentração, que apresentou um resultado estatístico altamente significativo. A ocorrência de micronúcleos foi significativa nas quatro doses. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o extrato comercial de Croton lechleri apresentou potencial tóxico, citotóxico e mutagênico/genotóxico evidenciando o perigo de sua utilização de forma indiscriminada.
Isolation and characterization of polyphenols from Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves
Authors: Tostes João Batista De Freitas , Da Silva Antonio Jorge Ribeiro , Kuster Ricardo Machado
Published: April 2019

Many of Euphorbiaceae species are recognized as traditional medicinal plants and the oils and latex of many species have also economic importance. In fact, Euphorbia heterophylla L., belonging to this family and popularly known in Brazil as “leiteira”, “flor-de-poetas” and wild poinsettia, has been used traditionally in Africa and India to treat many kinds of health disorders. However, the chemical composition of this species has been little studied so far. In the present investigation, the flavonoids quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside), hyperin (quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and isoquercitrin 6”-malonate (quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6”-malonate)-glucopyranoside) were isolated from an ethyl acetate partition of aqueous ketone extract from E. heterophylla leaves. The dehydroellagitannins geraniin and phyllantusiin D as well as 1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-galloyl- β-D-glucopyranoside, caffeic acid  and the coumarin aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) were also isolated. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as 1H and 13C-NMR, COSY, HETCOR, APT and by comparison with literature data. The presence of these substances of relevant bioactivity is reported for the first time in E. heterophylla through our study supporting in this way the medicinal use of this specie.
School design daylighting Analysis A study of Foundation schools in Erbil Governorate
Authors: Amin Abdulqadir , Mustafa Assist. Prof. Dr. Faris , Swar Dr. Sardar
Published: April 2019

Recently, the physical building performance has been demonstrated widely by researchers and architects due to its direct and indirect influence on space usage and comfortability, particularly in learning spaces. This study was intended to assess the natural light performance of educational premises in Erbil governorate. The six foundation schools with different size, shape, and layout have been selected. The daylight illuminance level and Daylight Autonomy have been simulated and compared with design standards for the sufficient daylight. An academic-licensed Revit Architecture 2018 with plugged insight daylight analysis has been adopted as an analysis tool for daylight parameters. The results showed that the illuminance level in most of the case studies is below the satisfactory range depended on architectural standards. Similarly, the daylight autonomy in term of spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) are dissimilar from one case study to another. The sDA and ASE have reached what is needed in three school layouts. In contrast, sDA and ASE performance was below the required levels. In consequence, the importance of daylight analysis in existing school environment, and informing the educational planners and architects have been clarified about the meaningful prediction of natural light performance. The daylight performance in school needs to be improved by using appropriate advanced technology, such as, laser cut panels, louvers and daylight shelves . The outcomes of the research are valuable for measuring the daily performance of the physical learning environment and exploring innovative strategies and techniques for improving the actual daylight performance.
Reuse Techniques of Residential Stock in Urban fabric of the Old Cities Analytical study of international experiences in sustainability of historic centers
Authors: Al-Allaf Assist. Prof. Dr. Emad , Al-Hayali Mohammed
Published: April 2019

Traditional residential buildings within the urban fabric of old cities are one of the most densely populated housing patterns in the Arab countries, which represent an important part that provides shelter for a large group of residents with its unique characteristics. Due to the factors of decay and deterioration over time, many of these buildings become unsuitable for occupancy, demand a rapid intervention to revitalize and utilize. Globally, in many successful experiences, many of these sectors have been re-employed and rehabilitated by either a maintenance-based methodology as part of the local heritage to be maintained or by prolonging its functional age by exploiting a new use to serve the local community. In the Arab world, the heritage cities have been suffering from many problems, the most important of which is the negative impact of urban development on the residential environment, because it has not been able to meet the current requirements, making it an unsuitable environment for modern housing, causing a change in its accommodation functional structure, and to convert to other employments, and with its indigenous inhabitants abandoned, threatened the social and historical value of its urban fabric. The research aims at presenting general guidelines that can be adopted in the rehabilitation of traditional residential buildings by examining the possibility of accepting the characteristics of these buildings to the contemporary requirements without harming their heritage value, by reviewing and analyzing a number of successful international experiences in the rehabilitation field of old cities, and extracting a set of principal guidelines for the purpose of employment in the sustainability of traditional housing stocks.
The role of characteristics of identification signs in integration of urban scene - Sara square as case study
Authors: Faraj Dr. Raz , Tawfeeq Hawar
Published: April 2019

Identification sign means elements added to the urban scene in order to guide individuals toward certain points in the urban environment, the existing theses discussed characteristics of identification sign in terms of its ability to direct individuals and sometimes cause some distortion and visual pollution, but they rarely discussed them as a factor to facilitate the improvement of visual image of the urban scene. So this research highlights the identification signs in a way that they contribute to the integration of urban scene and also enhance its visual aspects. The research illustrates the difficulties in determining the characteristics which are the most influential ones in the integration of the urban scene of the squares. As the research seeks to find the reasons behind the positive impacts of certain identification signs which promote the integration of urban scene while some of them do the opposite. The research assumes that certain characteristics of certain identification sign have different effects on integration of urban scene. In order to achieve this, the research relied on clarifying some principles related to the identification sign in terms of their (types-characteristics) and principles related to the integration of urban scenes and its components, within the theoretical framework and then investigated within the practical study based on the evaluation of the measurement form in the study area of Sara square in the city of Sulaimani.   The results showed some differences in the strengths of the effect of characteristics depending on the mechanisms they control. The research finds that the mechanisms of continuity, diversity, and the rhythm have a high impact at the partial level to achieve integration, in a way that the continuity mechanism controls the location of sign while the diversity mechanism controls the size, proportion, and the location of the sign, the rhythm mechanism controls the location of the sign. The mechanisms of complexity, harmony, unity, continuity, diversity, and rhythm have a high impact on properties at the level of the issue as the whole, to achieve the integration mechanisms which together with the characteristics at the level of the issue as the whole control the integration of urban scene. In other words, the relation between the parts / wholeness has the highest impacts, which determines whether the scene is integrated or not.
Post-war Reconstruction - Conservation Strategies for the Local Architectural Identity of the Mosul house for the post war
Authors: Saeed Marwa , Hassan Shorsh
Published: April 2019

Humanity has witnessed in the past and continues to witness many devastating wars, which showed the weakness of the urban heritage in front of the destructive power of weapons and wars. With the disappearance of several archaeological buildings after the Second World War, the human being started to realize the importance of the local identity and worried about it from dissolution. This issue has emerged as a conflict that witnessed bloody wars and armed conflicts starting with the world war I and world war II, as well as many other civil wars that occurred in different countries in the world either for national or religious community divisions. Those wars have often led, at the cultural level, to a partial or entire destruction in the areas of conflict, the loot of heritage pieces and the burning of libraries. However, it is clear that the urbanized heritage is represented by the local heritage buildings, which are the product of human thought and culture and the conservation of the urban heritage has thus become a human historic responsibility. The importance of this research is represented for the urgent need to define the general guidelines for the reconstruction of Mosuli houses after the recent war. It is decided in order to create a local architectural identity that expresses the zeitgeist and achieves continuity with the heritage and local history of the city of Mosul, rich in heritage and history. So, this has created the research problem (Identifying strategies for redesigning and reconstruction the Mosuli house after Isis war). The research assumes that the application of local heritage elements will achieve a featured local identity for the houses to be reconstructed after the war. The aim of the research is to guide the strategies of re-implementation and reconstruction in order to preserve the local identity. To approach these goals, some experiences of other countries in the rehabilitation of cities after wars were mentioned, as well as some local architectural concepts related to post-war reconstruction were reviewed. Then, after that come up with a strategy that organizes reconstruction process. This study was mainly based on the analytical approach of several Mosuli houses to achieve the optimal strategy for the reconstruction of the Mosuli house post-war and also to obtain best possible outcomes regarding the local architectural identity of the city of Mosul.
Principles of sustainable development in traditional local architecture Hassan Fathi Works as a Case Study
Authors: Alobaidi Maysaa
Published: April 2019

Sustainable development is the most common concept in societies through the optimal utilization of available resources, whether human, physical or natural, in an effective, balanced, environmental, urban, human, economic and even social way to ensure their continuity and sustainability without wasting the gains of future generations. In the coming generations, so sustainable development represents all aspects of human life and its needs, including the urban environment as one of the most important aspects of application of environmental dimensions, social and economic and even technology. However, what seems new is, in fact, a concept rooted in our traditional urban environment. This is through the appropriateness of elements and vocabulary and the application of the values and concepts of our society environmentally, economically and socially. Thus, ensure that its capabilities are preserved for future generations. Hence, the importance of this research can be drawn through the knowledge of the principles of sustainable development and its applications in traditional local architecture. This research was chosen by architect Hassan Fathi. This study aimed to build a conceptual framework for the principles of sustainable development and the possibilities of employing them in the traditional local production of previous studies. The research, then, went on to test them theoretically and practically on a selected group of Hassan Fathi's works to approach the mechanisms that enable the researches of this study to promote sustainable design to enhance local contemporary architectural product.
The Effects of the Architectural Lineaments on the Stability of the Interior Design Configuration for the Historical Buildings Across Time An Analytical Study for Samples from Erbil Citadel in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Issa Naram , Khalil Dr. Kadhim
Published: April 2019

The architectural conservation is one of the important practices for preservation the heritage and local identity of buildings., While architectural lineaments gives identity for each architectural style, however, Erbil Citadel preservation project had analyzed and documented without any studies before and after the preservation and rehabilitation. Theories of the interior design configuration had applied as a way to be sure from the architectural lineaments before and after the preservation and rehabilitation through study the characteristics of those spaces. The research problem is that there is no study that dealt with geometrical means that stands behind the stability of the interior design configuration for the historical buildings across time. The idea behind this research is to provide a mathematical measurement of the architectural lineaments stability before and after the preservation and rehabilitation. The research hypothesis is that the stability of the interior design configuration for the historical buildings back to the stability of the architectural lineaments before and after the preservation and rehabilitation.
FROM ORGANICS TO POLYMERS
Authors: Kolendo А. , Savchenko I. , Vretik L. , Syromyatnikov V. , Kutsevol N. , Nadtoka О. , Kunitska L. , Vyshnevsky D.
Published: April 2019

Polymers, composites, their components and complexes for application in information tecnologies and biotechnology as well as for medicine and solar energy transfer have been obtained. In particular, new high-resolution photochromic polymer materials with a significant nonlinear optical effect of the third order have been developed. They are perspective for the creation of high-speed optical switches in optical recording and information storage. A new way of recording information based on the generation of the second harmonic with new photochromic polymers has been found. The perspectivity of alken-functionalised poly(phenyl/naphthylmethacrylates) as basic compounds for polarization-sensitive polymeric media was prooved.The chemical modification of polymers by benzenesulfonamide derivatives for biostabilization of plastic masses and providing hydrophilic properties for their surface was carried out. A fundamentally new approach is developed in which processes of energy transfer of excited states in polymer macromolecule to the photostabilaser are used for effective stabilization of polymer materials. Thermostabilized samples of polystyrene with covalently bonded of imidophenylmethacrylates have been developed. The branched copolymers are highly efficient matrices for the synthesis of stable gold, silver, CdS and Au / CdS nanoparticles and copolymers that can be used as nanovectors for the target delivery of highly toxic antitumor drugs. New effective preparations for desinfaсtion of fish nurseries, dressing and hygienic materials, linen and clothes have been developed.
COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF MINERAL NON-FORMATIONS ON A FILTER SUBSTRATE DURING TREATMENT OF UNDERGROUND WATER FROM IRON AND MANGANESE
Authors: Charny D. , Shevchenko O. , Nesterovskyi V.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. To determine composition and properties of iron-manganese crusts formed on grainy filtration load granules surface in the process of underground waters cleaning from Fe2+ and Mn2+, and to determine the application limits and perspective trends of the offered water preparation technology development, conditioned by the properties of these crusts. Method. For the analysis of physical and chemical properties of iron-manganese crusts analytical methods are used on the base of leaching and determination of iron and manganese content in solution and for more precise definition of crust qualitative composition an X-ray fluorescent photography spectrometry is used. For determination of crystalline structure an X-ray photography diffractometry was used, and the thickness of film was determined by mechanical micrometry. Processing of the received information and graphic interpretation of data is executed with application of LibreOffice Cacl, Gnumeric and PSPP software. Results. Determined physicochemical characteristics of iron-manganese crust formed on granules surface of grainy filtration load, the metrical sizes of film are determined: thickness and mass, analytically determined by lixiviating contents of iron and manganese in a crust. Manganites, that form a crust, are dispersion characterized; on some occasion considerable amount of roentgenoamorphous phase is formed, and in other - a crystalline form predominates as todorokite. In our opinion, it is determined by correlation of Mn/Fe concentrations in initial water. Results of crust measuring on the granules of filtration load on the water treatment station in town of Uzin is the following: thickness 0,518±0,209 mm; mass 0,0039±0,0004 g, manganese contents and total iron, accordingly, 115,59±4,33 mg/dm3 and 55,33±30,85 mg/dm3. Manganese and iron contents, which were lixiviated from the crusts of filtration load on the water treatment station in Chervona Sloboda village, accordingly: 55,067±10,946 mg/dm3; 100,476±4,284 mg/dm3. Scientific novelty. Firstly possibility of forming catalytic crust (film) from iron-manganese compositions on the filtration load surface is experimentally proved, among those compositions there are higher oxides of manganese in considerable volumes. Having determined their crystalline and chemical structure, it was proved that they provide the effective removal of iron and manganese over the norm contents from water and in a perspective can be used for the removal of a number of low valency cations among which the removal of Ñà2+ and Âr2+ is experimentally confirmed. Practical significance. Based on the known geobiochemical cycles of iron and manganese a new water treatment technology and also a new filter material with considerable potential of subsequent improvement and application are gotten, unlike classic technologies of manganese removal this method does not require bringing in additional reagents at Mn(II) → Mn(IV) oxidation.
The Singapore convention on enforcement of mediated settlement agreements (mediation): from dream to reality?
Authors: Zasemkova O. F.
Published: April 2019

On 26th of June, 2018, at its 51th session, the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) announced the completion of two important documents — a draft United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, as well as the draft amendments to the UNCITRAL Model L aw on International Commercial Conciliation (2002) that, to a large extent, repeats the provisions of the draft Convention. It is expected that after its approval by the UN General Assembly on August 1, 2019, the Convention will be open for signature and, if ratified by a significant number of States, will play an important role in increasing the attractiveness of this method of dispute settlement to the international business community, allowing it to compete with international commercial arbitration.

In this regard, the article attempts to analyze the main provisions of this Convention and to assess the feasibility of accession to it of the Russian Federation, taking into account the fact that currently in Russia this method of settlement of cross-border commercial disputes is not widespread. According to the results of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the adoption of this Convention will create a basis for the enforcement of international agreements reached as a result of mediation and acceptable for States with different legal, social and economic conditions, while maintaining the inherent flexibility of this method of dispute resolution. This, in turn, will reduce the likelihood of parties to cross-border commercial disputes going to court or international commercial arbitration after mediation and, accordingly, will increase the attractiveness of this method of dispute resolution for the parties.
Surgical tactics for elderly patients with deforming arthrosis of first metatarsophalangeal joint of foot
Authors: Tokarev A. E. , Kozyukov V. G. , Schekolova N. B. , Nenakhova Ya. V.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To analyze the results of various types of surgical interventions, used in elderly patients with deforming arthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot.

Materials and methods. The long-term results of treatment of osteoarthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot were analyzed in 70 elderly persons depending on the stage of disease. Clinical, roentgenological investigation, biomechanical and statistical methods were used for diagnosis and treatment. Results. Surgical tactics of treatment for elderly patients depending on the stage of disease was developed, outcomes of surgical treatment were followed up in 55 patients. Good results were reached in 47 (85.4 %) patients, satisfactory – in 8 (15.6 %) patients, no unsatisfactory results were noted.

Conclusions. Differentiated approach to treatment depends on the choice of optimal method in each concrete case taking into account the stage of disease, character of deformity; early complex postoperative rehabilitation permits to obtain favorable cosmetic and functional outcome, improve patients’ quality of life.
Use of principles of pathogenetic treatment of decompensated form of early childhood caries in preschool children
Authors: Danilova M. A. , Machulina N. A. , Kamenskikh D. V.
Published: April 2019

Aim. To ground the individualized pathogenetic approach to treatment of dental caries in preschool children.

Materials and methods. We carried out the controlled randomized retrospective study, which included 111 children aged 12 to 72 months with decompensated form of caries course. Patients of the main group received pathogenetic treatment of dental caries, patients of the comparison group received symptomatic treatment and a complex of preventive measures. Patients of both groups were monitored after 6, 12 and 24 months.

Results. The analyzed changes in caries intensity from the onset of performing individualized pathogenetic treatment of early childhood caries detected that 6 months later, a mean quantity of newly damaged surfaces was thrice as less in patients of the main group than in the comparison group. The data received one year after the onset of treatment, demonstrate a significant decrease in the growth of caries intensity of surfaces on average by one surface in persons of the main group compared to the comparison group (0.35 ± 0.12 and 1.57 ± 0.87, respectively, p = 0.05).

Conclusions. The choice of rational approaches to the treatment of early childhood caries should be substantiated by histomorphological status of temporary teeth hard tissues, physicochemical parameters of oral fluid and pathogenetic protocols, adapted to specificity of early childhood caries course.
The nature of voltage in superconductors with dynamic intermediate-mixed state
Authors: Antonov Yuri F.
Published: April 2019

Aim: to describe scientific achievement providing the essence of the phenomenon; to confirm reliability of existence of DC electromagnetic induction using direct evidence.
Methods: experimental research into magnetizing superconducting samples. Visualisation of intermediate and mixed state of superconductors and movement of quantised threads of magnetic flux, the beams of such threads. Development of mathematical theory on the basis of fractal geometry and functional analysis.
Results:  The essence of the scientific discovery consists in the proof that the direct consequence of the formation of an intermediate-mixed state of superconductors and the movement of quantum magnetic fluxes threads, beams of such filaments and macroscopic normal zones is the phenomenon of direct current electromagnetic induction.
Conclusion: the discovery of DC electromagnetic induction has been made, superconducting topological electrical generators on the basis of DC electromagnetic induction have been built, that achieve high nominal parameters: 10-100 kA current, specific current load - 1 kA/kg.
Public Libraries and Community Information Services: An Experience in Blocks of Sundarban Region, South 24 Parganas
Authors: Sarkar Arindam
Published: April 2019

Public libraries are called people’s university. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between public library and Community Information Services (CIS) in various blocks of Sundarban region, of South 24 Parganas district. Community Information Services is one through which a public library provides community information to members of the community it serves. This paper also discusses Community Library cum Information Centres (CLICs). Examining the librarians’ as well as users’ perspectives, an effort has been made to offer some suggestions.
Assessment of Digital Reference Tools/Websites Related to Tourism Information using Webometrics and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Shakti Ghosh Shiv , Kumar Chatterjee Sunil
Published: April 2019

The study provides an assessment of digital reference tools/websites disseminating tourism information. It also notes the keywords and other drivers which trigger tourism information seeking from digital reference tools/websites.
AS PRÁTICAS CULTURAIS/RELIGIOSAS AFROINDÍGENAS NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Custódio Elivaldo Serrão , Videira Piedade Lino , Bezerra Moisés de Jesus Prazeres Dos Santos
Published: April 2019

O presente texto tem por objetivo analisar as práticas culturais/religiosas afroindígenas no cenário da Amazônia. A cosmovisão religiosa dos povos da floresta e seus referenciais espaciais são materializados por meio das práticas mágico-religiosas de cura, pajelanças, benzeções e o manejo das plantas medicinais, bem como pela assistência terapêutica realizada por puxadeiras e parteiras, exemplificando assim a riqueza e densidade simbólica construída por essas comunidades tradicionais ao longo da história e do encontro entre matrizes étnico-religiosas distintas. Entre as práticas afroindígenas, destaca-se as cerimônias religiosas do catolicismo popular como festejos a santos, ladainhas, cortejos e folias, rituais de cura, entre outros.

CULTURAL / RELIGIOUS AFROINDIGENOUS PRACTICES IN THE AMAZON

The present text has as objective to analyze Afroindigenous cultural / religious practices in the Amazonian scenario. The religious worldview of the forest peoples and their spatial referents are materialized through magical-religious practices of healing, pajelias, blessings and the management of medicinal plants, as well as therapeutic assistance performed by pullers and midwives, thus exemplifying wealth and density symbolism built by these traditional communities throughout history and the encounter between distinct ethnic-religious matrices. Among the Afroindigenous practices, the religious ceremonies of popular Catholicism such as festivities to saints, litanies, processions and rituals, healing rituals, among others, stand out.