bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Future of Electronic Commerce in the IoT Environment
Authors: Lazić Antonina , Milić Saša , Vukmirović Dragan
Published: January 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) was born from the fusion of virtual and physical space and became the initiator of many scientific fields. Economic sustainability is the key to further development and progress. To keep up with the changes, it is necessary to adapt economic models and concepts to meet the requirements of future smart environments. Today, the need for electronic commerce (e-commerce) has become an economic priority during the transition between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Unlike mass production in Industry 4.0, customized production in Industry 5.0 should gain additional benefits in vertical management and decision-making concepts. The authors’ research is focused on e-commerce in a three-layer vertical IoT environment. The vertical IoT concept is composed of edge, fog, and cloud layers. Given the ubiquity of artificial intelligence in data processing, economic analysis, and predictions, this paper presents a few state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) algorithms facilitating the transition from a flat to a vertical e-commerce concept. The authors also propose hands-on ML algorithms for a few e-commerce types: consumer–consumer and consumer–company–consumer relationships. These algorithms are mainly composed of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), natural language understanding (NLU), sequential pattern mining (SPM), reinforcement learning (RL for agent training), algorithms for clicking on the item prediction, consumer behavior learning, etc. All presented concepts, algorithms, and models are described in detail.
Investigating the Surrogate Modeling Capabilities of Continuous Time Echo State Networks
Authors: Bhatnagar Saakaar
Published: January 2024

Continuous Time Echo State Networks (CTESNs) are a promising yet under-explored surrogate modeling technique for dynamical systems, particularly those governed by stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). A key determinant of the generalization accuracy of a CTESN surrogate is the method of projecting the reservoir state to the output. This paper shows that of the two common projection methods (linear and nonlinear), the surrogates developed via the nonlinear projection consistently outperform those developed via the linear method. CTESN surrogates are developed for several challenging benchmark cases governed by stiff ODEs, and for each case, the performance of the linear and nonlinear projections is compared. The results of this paper demonstrate the applicability of CTESNs to a variety of problems while serving as a reference for important algorithmic and hyper-parameter choices for CTESNs.
Study on Deformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of 42CrMo High-Strength Steel with Multi-Station Warm Upsetting
Authors: Xiao Zhiling , Wang Hao , Liu Jinhua , Jiang Junjie , Yu Liming , Zhang Yuhao
Published: January 2024

In order to find out the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of 42CrMo steel under warm upsetting conditions, the Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine was used to carry out a warm upsetting physical simulation experiment on 42CrMo steel. By controlling deformation temperature, strain rate, and constant temperature deformation pass, the microstructure evolution rule under different warm upsetting conditions was analyzed, and its hardness value was measured. Then, the simulation experiment is carried out based on the Deform-3D finite element platform. The results show that, with the increase in deformation temperature, 42CrMo steel has a temperature rise softening effect, which significantly reduces the peak value of rheological stress. At 650 °C, the maximum peak value of rheological stress is only 45.3% of that of cold upsetting deformation at room temperature, and the stress-strain curve tends to be gentle at the plastic deformation stage, which is the most suitable temperature for warm upsetting deformation. The maximum peak flow stress of 42CrMo steel increases with the increase in strain rate, but the number of deformation channels has little influence on the stress-strain curve. The warm, upsetting deformation can refine the internal grain structure significantly, and the grain refinement mechanism is mechanical crushing. When the temperature is slightly higher, the broken grain will recover, and the grain size will grow. During the process of warm upsetting, the strain rate has a great influence on the microhardness of the sample. The deformation pass has little influence on the hardness, and the hardness increases slightly with the increase in the deformation pass. Through the Deform-3D simulation, the correlation coefficient R and the average absolute relative error (AARE) between the simulation value and the experimental value were calculated, and the correlation coefficient R-value was 0.9948, and the average absolute relative error (AARE) was 2.05%, indicating that the simulation can accurately reflect the relationship between displacement and applied load.
Investigation of the Flow Stress Model for Cr4Mo4V Bearing Steel under Ultrasonic Vibration Conditions
Authors: Luan Zhenmeng , Zhao Man , Mao Jian , Liu Gang , Zhang Liqiang , Feng Yixuan , Liang Steven Y.
Published: January 2024

To investigate the mechanisms behind the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the plastic deformation of materials, the flow stress model of Cr4Mo4V was established according to the dislocation dynamics and thermal activation theory, which considers the effect of dislocation density evolution on plastic deformation under ultrasonic vibration conditions. The effect of amplitude and strain rate on the flow stress was analyzed by fitting the stress-strain data obtained from an ultrasonic vibration-assisted tensile (UVAT) single-factor test. To investigate the influence of strain rate and vibration duration on the acoustic effect, comparative tests with and without vibration were performed for various strain rates. The results showed that the flow stress decreased significantly in the tensile test with ultrasound compared to the test without ultrasound, and the degree of reduction increased with increasing amplitude. In addition, the nonlinear relationship between the acoustic softening effect and the strain rate was analyzed. The result demonstrates that the dislocation density absorbs the ultrasonic vibration energy, which results in slip and proliferation. Macroscopically, due to a greater susceptibility to plastic deformation, the dislocation density shows residual hardening at the end of the ultrasound. Finally, the average absolute relative error (AARE) between predicted flow stresses and experimental results under three ultrasonic conditions using the developed model were 4.49%, 1.27%, and 5.64%, which proved the validity of the model.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of V-Containing Medium-Mn Steel Adopting Simple Intercritical Annealing
Authors: Yu Cansheng , Zhao Ning , Mei Yu , Zheng Weisen , He Yanlin , Li Lin , Yuan Guo
Published: January 2024

The variations of the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-Mn steel after vanadium (V) microalloying with different contents were investigated. After a one-step intercritical annealing (IA) at 730 °C, the steel containing 0.04 wt.% of V exhibited excellent comprehensive properties. The steel maintained an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1000 MPa while also exhibiting a total elongation (TEL) of 37% and a product of strength and plasticity (PSE) of 37.7 GPa%. V-microalloying improved the yield strength (YS) and UTS of the experimental steel by refining ferrite grains and precipitation strengthening, however, it deteriorated its plasticity, which is difficult to compensate for through grain refinement and due to the TRIP effect of retained austenite (RA). The largest amount of RA and the appropriate stability also make a significant contribution to the outstanding UTS of the steel containing 0.04 wt.% of V through the TRIP effect. However, the further increase of V content led to decreased RA content and stability, weakening the TRIP effect and resulting in a weaker strength ductility balance.
The Exometabolome of Xylella fastidiosa in Contact with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans Supernatant Reveals Changes in Nicotinamide, Amino Acids, Biotin, and Plant Hormones
Authors: Feitosa-Junior Oseias R. , Lubbe Andrea , Kosina Suzanne M. , Martins-Junior Joaquim , Barbosa Deibs , Baccari Clelia , Zaini Paulo A. , Bowen Benjamin P. , Northen Trent R. , Lindow Steven E. , da Silva Aline M.
Published: January 2024

Microbial competition within plant tissues affects invading pathogens’ fitness. Metabolomics is a great tool for studying their biochemical interactions by identifying accumulated metabolites. Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram-negative bacterium causing Pierce’s disease (PD) in grapevines, secretes various virulence factors including cell wall-degrading enzymes, adhesion proteins, and quorum-sensing molecules. These factors, along with outer membrane vesicles, contribute to its pathogenicity. Previous studies demonstrated that co-inoculating X. fastidiosa with the Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN suppressed PD symptoms. Here, we further investigated the interaction between the phytopathogen and the endophyte by analyzing the exometabolome of wild-type X. fastidiosa and a diffusible signaling factor (DSF) mutant lacking quorum sensing, cultivated with 20% P. phytofirmans spent media. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the Method for Metabolite Annotation and Gene Integration (MAGI) were used to detect and map metabolites to genomes, revealing a total of 121 metabolites, of which 25 were further investigated. These metabolites potentially relate to host adaptation, virulence, and pathogenicity. Notably, this study presents the first comprehensive profile of X. fastidiosa in the presence of a P. phytofirmans spent media. The results highlight that P. phytofirmans and the absence of functional quorum sensing affect the ratios of glutamine to glutamate (Gln:Glu) in X. fastidiosa. Additionally, two compounds with plant metabolism and growth properties, 2-aminoisobutyric acid and gibberellic acid, were downregulated when X. fastidiosa interacted with P. phytofirmans. These findings suggest that P. phytofirmans-mediated disease suppression involves modulation of the exometabolome of X. fastidiosa, impacting plant immunity.
Proteomics-Based Investigation of Different Live Prey Administered to Freshwater Dark Sleeper (Odontobutis potamophila): Examining the Effects on Glycolipids and Energy Metabolism
Authors: Zhou Zihan , Jiang Qichen , Zheng You , Hao Chen , Ding Shuyan , Guo Mengya , Zhao Yunlong , Liu Guoxing , Miao Shuyan
Published: January 2024

Live prey is characterized by balanced rich nutrients and high palatability and is widely used for the seedling cultivation of freshwater dark sleeper (Odontobutis potamophila) larvae. In this study, we evaluated the effects of four groups of paired feeding regimens (group C (Daphnia magna), group L (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri), group H (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix fry), and group M (mixed groups C, L, and H)) on glycolipid and energy metabolism in O. potamophila larvae. We observed that fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mRNA levels were significantly lower in group H when compared to mRNA levels in the other three groups (p < 0.05) and that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1-α) mRNA levels were significantly lower in group L when compared to group M (p < 0.05). Relative glucokinase (GK) expression levels were significantly lower in group M when compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). Using proteomics, we analyzed and compared groups H and L and identified 457 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 151 were significantly up-regulated and 306 were significantly down-regulated. In the comparison of group M with groups C, L, and H, we found significant enrichment in glycolytic processes, the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, NAD binding, intermediate filaments, and nutrient reservoir activity. Our results provide a theoretical guidance for bait selection during larvae cultivation stages in carnivorous fish.
A Thermoelectric Polymer Field-Effect Transistor via Iodine-Doped P3HT
Authors: Norman Joseph Wayne , Sun Sam-Shajing
Published: January 2024

Doping can alter certain electronics, including the thermoelectric properties of an organic semiconductor. These alterations may enable viable tunable devices that could be useful in temperature sensing for autonomous controls. Here, we demonstrate a dual-modulation organic field-effect transistor (OFET) where temperature can modulate the current-voltage characteristics of the OFET and gate voltage can modulate the thermoelectric properties of the active layer in the same device. Specifically, Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) was utilized as the host p-type semiconducting polymer, and iodine was utilized as the thermoelectric minority dopant. The finished devices were characterized with a semiconductor analyzer system with temperature controlled using two thermoelectric cooling plates. The FETs with iodine doping levels in the range of 0.25% to 0.5% mole ratio with respect to the P3HT exhibit the greatest on/off ratios. This study also observed that P3HT thin film samples with an intermediate iodine doping concentration of 0.25% mole ratio exhibit an optimal thermoelectric power factor (PF).
Nanomaterials Based Micro/Nanoelectromechanical System (MEMS and NEMS) Devices
Authors: Torkashvand Ziba , Shayeganfar Farzaneh , Ramazani Ali
Published: January 2024

The micro- and nanoelectromechanical system (MEMS and NEMS) devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials reveal novel functionalities and higher sensitivity compared to their silicon-base counterparts. Unique properties of 2D materials boost the demand for 2D material-based nanoelectromechanical devices and sensing. During the last decades, using suspended 2D membranes integrated with MEMS and NEMS emerged high-performance sensitivities in mass and gas sensors, accelerometers, pressure sensors, and microphones. Actively sensing minute changes in the surrounding environment is provided by means of MEMS/NEMS sensors, such as sensing in passive modes of small changes in momentum, temperature, and strain. In this review, we discuss the materials preparation methods, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials used in NEMS and MEMS devices, fabrication routes besides device operation principles.
Secondary Deposits as a Potential REEs Source in South-Eastern Europe
Authors: Šajn Robert , Alijagić Jasminka , Ristović Ivica
Published: January 2024

The main objective of this manuscript is to collect, classify, and compile all available data about secondary mineral sources of REEs in the South-Eastern Europe (SEE). The material is generated from the extracting and processing sector, that might be possibly transformed in the business process becoming an important raw material for another industry. The management inventory guide will strengthen communication and dissemination efforts and simultaneously contribute to Europe’s self-sufficiency and support transitioning to green and digital technology. Identification of the knowledge gaps associated with secondary sources of REEs in SEE will contribute to connections between all partners being involved at the beginning, during the lifetime of products and at the end of the life cycle, represented with deposit owners, technology developers and potential processors, producers, and potential users. At the investigated area it was found 1835 individual landfills, most of them belonging to waste rocks. The total quantity of all material in SRM is about 3.2 billion tons on an area of about 100 km2. The largest 95 individual landfills were selected as potential prospective landfills, containing about 1600 million tons of material. The estimated total potential of REEs (ΣREE) is more than 200 Kt. The largest quantities are found in landfills for coal fly ash and Cu flotation, which correspond to more than 80% of the ΣREE. Most of the promising sites are located in Serbia and North Macedonia. It has been calculated that the valorisation potential and perspectivity of REE2O3 is about 32.5 billion USD (prices from December 2022). According to the average concentrations of REEs, the most prospective are the red mud dams but their total volume is limited compared to massive amounts of coal fly ash landfills. The REEs content in all type of investigated materials, especially in coal fly ash in North Macedonia is twice as high as in other countries.
Unlocking the Secondary Critical Raw Material Potential of Historical Mine Sites, Lousal Mine, Southern Portugal
Authors: de Oliveira Daniel P. S. , Gonçalves Pedro , Morais Igor , Silva Teresa P. , Matos João X. , Albardeiro Luís , Filipe Augusto , Batista Maria João , Santos Sara , Fernandes João
Published: January 2024

A steady supply of mineral raw materials is vital for the transition to a low-carbon, circular economy. The number of active mines in Europe has severely declined over the last century and half, giving rise to many abandoned mining waste sites and corresponding geological heritage. Also, the rise in minerals demand for large-scale deployment of renewable energy requires the continued and steady availability of key minerals. The supply risk associated with unpredicted geopolitical events needs to be eliminated/mitigated. Historical mine waste sites are the answer but evaluating mine waste is a lengthy and costly exercise. The study, undertaken in the Lousal Mine, used small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) to model and determine mine waste volumes by generating orthomosaic maps with quick, inexpensive, and reliable results. Calculated mine waste volumes between 308,478 m3 and 322,455 m3 were obtained. XRD and p-XRF techniques determined the mineralogy and chemistry of waste, which varied from mineralization and host rocks with hydrothermal alteration and numerous neogenic sulphates (mostly gypsum, rhomboclase, ferricopiapite, coquimbite, and jarosite) related with supergene processes and weathering. The study shows the viability of using these sUASs to successfully model historical mine waste sites in an initial phase and for future monitoring programs.
Novel 1-(1-Arylimiazolin-2-Yl)-3-Arylalkilurea Derivatives with Modulatory Activity on Opioid MOP Receptors
Authors: Straszak Dominik , Woźniak Sylwia , Siwek Agata , Głuch-Lutwin Monika , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Pietrzak Aldona , Drop Bartłomiej , Matosiuk Dariusz
Published: January 2024

μ-opioid receptor ligands such as morphine and fentanyl are the most known and potent painkillers. However, the severe side effects seen with their use significantly limit their widespread use. The continuous broadening of knowledge about the properties of the interactions of the MOP receptor (human mu opioid receptor, OP3) with ligands and specific intracellular signaling pathways allows for the designation of new directions of research with respect to compounds with analgesic effects in a mechanism different from classical ligands. Allosteric modulation is an extremely promising line of research. Compounds with modulator properties may provide a safer alternative to the currently used opioids. The aim of our research was to obtain a series of urea derivatives of 1-aryl-2-aminoimidazoline and to determine their activity, mechanism of biological action and selectivity toward the MOP receptor. The obtained compounds were subjected to functional tests (cAMP accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment) in vitro. One of the obtained compounds, when administered alone, did not show any biological activity, while when co-administered with DAMGO, it inhibited β-arrestin recruitment. These results indicate that this compound is a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the human MOP receptor.
Development and Validation of an ADA-Tolerant Assay for Quantification of an Exatecan-Based ADC in Monkey Plasma
Authors: Tao Yimin , Lu Wei , Gao Jinli , Yang Shuangshuang , Ruan Chaoyi , Hou Yingying , Lu Jing , Xu Junjiu , Zhang Jianjian , Pasas-Farmer Stephanie , Qin Qiuping , Gong Likun
Published: January 2024

Background: The development of an anti-drug antibody (ADA)-tolerant pharmacokinetic (PK) assay is important when the drug exposure is irrelevant to toxicity in the presence of ADA. We aimed to develop and validate an ADA-tolerant assay for an exatecan-based antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) in monkey plasma. Results: The assay tolerated 5.00 µg/mL of ADA at 12 µg/mL of ADC. Its accuracy and precision results satisfied the acceptance criteria. Furthermore, the assay was free from hook and matrix effects and exhibited good dilutional linearity. Additionally, the ADC in plasma samples was stable under different storage conditions. Method: An ADA-tolerant ADC assay was configured with an anti-payload antibody for capture, and a drug-target protein combined with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody against a drug-target-protein tag for detection. Samples were firstly acidified to dissociate drug and ADA complexes, and to convert the carboxylate form to the lactone form of exatecan molecules; then, the ADAs in the samples were removed with a naked antibody-coated microplate. The treated samples were further incubated with coated anti-payload antibody and captured ADC molecules were quantified by the detection reagent. The developed assay was optimized and validated against regulatory guidelines. Conclusions: The assay met both methodological and sample-related ADA tolerance requirements, and was applicable to a nonclinical study in cynomolgus monkeys.
Tropospheric Photochemistry of 2-Butenedial: Role of the Triplet States, CO and Acrolein Formation, and the Experimentally Unidentified Carbonyl Compound—Theoretical Study
Authors: Maranzana Andrea , Tonachini Glauco
Published: January 2024

Solar irradiation of 2-butenedial in the lower troposphere mainly produces isomeric ketene-enol (a key intermediate product), furanones, and maleic anhydride, the formation pathways of which were investigated in a previous study. The other main products were carbon monoxide and an experimentally unidentified carbonyl compound. This was the subject of the present study. The oxidative reaction mechanisms were studied using DFT calculations. Water intervention is found essential. Its addition and subsequent water-assisted isomerizations (an ene-gem-diol/enol and a carboxylic acid/enol form), followed by cyclization, lead to an interesting cyclic carbonyl compound, but this pathway appears to be rather energy demanding. An alternative implies water cooperation in a ketene-enol + carboxylic acid/enol addition that gives the relevant anhydride. The anhydride is proposed as a candidate for the experimentally unidentified carbonyl product. Regarding CO and acrolein formation, the role of the triplet states, as defined by the probability of intersystem crossing from the excited singlet state S1 to T2 and T1, is discussed. The T1 photolysis pathway connecting butenedial to propenal + CO was then defined.
New Dual Inhibitors of Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 and 2 Based on Deoxycholic Acid: Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Molecular Modeling
Authors: Salomatina Oksana V. , Kornienko Tatyana E. , Zakharenko Alexandra L. , Komarova Nina I. , Achara Chigozie , Reynisson Jóhannes , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. , Lavrik Olga I. , Volcho Konstantin P.
Published: January 2024

Deoxycholic acid derivatives containing various heterocyclic functional groups at C-3 on the steroid scaffold were designed and synthesized as promising dual tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 and 2 (TDP1 and TDP2) inhibitors, which are potential targets to potentiate topoisomerase poison antitumor therapy. The methyl esters of DCA derivatives with benzothiazole or benzimidazole moieties at C-3 demonstrated promising inhibitory activity in vitro against TDP1 with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Furthermore, methyl esters 4d–e, as well as their acid counterparts 3d–e, inhibited the phosphodiesterase activity of both TDP1 and TDP2. The combinations of compounds 3d–e and 4d–e with low-toxic concentrations of antitumor drugs topotecan and etoposide showed significantly greater cytotoxicity than the compounds alone. The docking of the derivatives into the binding sites of TDP1 and TDP2 predicted plausible binding modes of the DCA derivatives.
Three-Dimensional Modeling with Osteoblast-like Cells under External Magnetic Field Conditions Using Magnetic Nano-Ferrite Particles for the Development of Cell-Derived Artificial Bone
Authors: Ma Chuang , Izumiya Makoto , Nobuoka Hidehiko , Ueno Rintaro , Mimura Masaki , Ueda Katsuya , Ishida Haruka , Tomotsune Daihachiro , Johkura Kohei , Yue Fengming , Saito Naoto , Haniu Hisao
Published: January 2024

The progress in artificial bone research is crucial for addressing fractures and bone defects in the aging population. However, challenges persist in terms of biocompatibility and structural complexity. Nanotechnology provides a promising avenue by which to overcome these challenges, with nano-ferrite particles (NFPs) exhibiting superparamagnetic properties. The ability to control cell positioning using a magnetic field opens up new possibilities for customizing artificial bones with specific shapes. This study explores the biological effects of NFPs on osteoblast-like cell lines (MC3T3-E1), including key analyses, such as cell viability, cellular uptake of NFPs, calcification processes, cell migration under external magnetic field conditions, and three-dimensional modeling. The results indicate that the impact of NFPs on cell proliferation is negligible. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy validated the cellular uptake of NFPs, demonstrating the potential for precise cell positioning through an external magnetic field. Under calcification-inducing conditions, the cells exhibited sustained calcification ability even in the presence of NFPs. The cell movement analysis observed the controlled movement of NFP-absorbing cells under an external magnetic field. Applying a magnetic field along the z-axis induced the three-dimensional shaping of cells incorporating NFPs, resulting in well-arranged z-axis directional patterns. In this study, NFPs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and controllability under an external magnetic field, laying the foundation for innovative treatment strategies for customizing artificial bones.
Damage Behavior with Atomic Force Microscopy on Anti-Bacterial Nanostructure Arrays
Authors: Wood Jonathan , Bright Richard , Palms Dennis , Barker Dan , Vasilev Krasimir
Published: January 2024

The atomic force microscope is a versatile tool for assessing the topography, friction, and roughness of a broad spectrum of surfaces, encompassing anti-bacterial nanostructure arrays. Measuring and comparing all these values with one instrument allows clear comparisons of many nanomechanical reactions and anomalies. Increasing nano-Newton-level forces through the cantilever tip allows for the testing and measuring of failure points, damage behavior, and functionality under unfavorable conditions. Subjecting a grade 5 titanium alloy to hydrothermally etched nanostructures while applying elevated cantilever tip forces resulted in the observation of irreversible damage through atomic force microscopy. Despite the damage, a rough and non-uniform morphology remained that may still allow it to perform in its intended application as an anti-bacterial implant surface. Utilizing an atomic force microscope enables the evaluation of these surfaces before their biomedical application.
An Antiherpesviral Host-Directed Strategy Based on CDK7 Covalently Binding Drugs: Target-Selective, Picomolar-Dose, Cross-Virus Reactivity
Authors: Yu DongHoon , Wagner Sabrina , Schütz Martin , Jeon Yeejin , Seo Mooyoung , Kim Jaeseung , Brückner Nadine , Kicuntod Jintawee , Tillmanns Julia , Wangen Christina , Hahn Friedrich , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Neipel Frank , Eickhoff Jan , Klebl Bert , Nam Kiyean , Marschall Manfred
Published: January 2024

The repertoire of currently available antiviral drugs spans therapeutic applications against a number of important human pathogens distributed worldwide. These include cases of the pandemic severe acute respiratory coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1 or AIDS), and the pregnancy- and posttransplant-relevant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In almost all cases, approved therapies are based on direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), but their benefit, particularly in long-term applications, is often limited by the induction of viral drug resistance or side effects. These issues might be addressed by the additional use of host-directed antivirals (HDAs). As a strong input from long-term experiences with cancer therapies, host protein kinases may serve as HDA targets of mechanistically new antiviral drugs. The study demonstrates such a novel antiviral strategy by targeting the major virus-supportive host kinase CDK7. Importantly, this strategy focuses on highly selective, 3D structure-derived CDK7 inhibitors carrying a warhead moiety that mediates covalent target binding. In summary, the main experimental findings of this study are as follows: (1) the in vitro verification of CDK7 inhibition and selectivity that confirms the warhead covalent-binding principle (by CDK-specific kinase assays), (2) the highly pronounced antiviral efficacies of the hit compounds (in cultured cell-based infection models) with half-maximal effective concentrations that reach down to picomolar levels, (3) a particularly strong potency of compounds against strains and reporter-expressing recombinants of HCMV (using infection assays in primary human fibroblasts), (4) additional activity against further herpesviruses such as animal CMVs and VZV, (5) unique mechanistic properties that include an immediate block of HCMV replication directed early (determined by Western blot detection of viral marker proteins), (6) a substantial drug synergism in combination with MBV (measured by a Loewe additivity fixed-dose assay), and (7) a strong sensitivity of clinically relevant HCMV mutants carrying MBV or ganciclovir resistance markers. Combined, the data highlight the huge developmental potential of this host-directed antiviral targeting concept utilizing covalently binding CDK7 inhibitors.
Innovative Multilayer Electrospun Patches for the Slow Release of Natural Oily Extracts as Dressings to Boost Wound Healing
Authors: Fiaschini Noemi , Carnevali Fiorella , Van der Esch Stephen Andrew , Vitali Roberta , Mancuso Mariateresa , Sulli Maria , Diretto Gianfranco , Negroni Anna , Rinaldi Antonio
Published: January 2024

Electrospinning is an advanced manufacturing strategy used to create innovative medical devices from continuous nanoscale fibers that is endowed with tunable biological, chemical, and physical properties. Innovative medical patches manufactured entirely by electrospinning are discussed in this paper, using a specific plant-derived formulation “1 Primary Wound Dressing©” (1-PWD) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). 1-PWD is composed of neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and the oily extracts of Hypericum perforatum (L.) flowers, according to the formulation patented by the ENEA of proven therapeutic efficacy as wound dressings. The goal of this work is to encapsulate this API and demonstrate that its slow release from an engineered electrospun patch can increase the therapeutic efficacy for wound healing. The prototyped patch is a three-layer core–shell membrane, with a core made of fibers from a 1-PWD-PEO blend, enveloped within two external layers made of medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL), ensuring mechanical strength and integrity during manipulation. The system was characterized via electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical and contact angle tests. The encapsulation, release, and efficacy of the API were confirmed by FTIR and LC-HRMS and were validated via in vitro toxicology and scratch assays.
Molecular Effects of Li+-Coordinating Binders and Negatively Charged Binders on the Li+ Local Mobility near the Electrolyte/LiFePO4 Cathode Interface within Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Po-Yuan , Chiu Tzu-Heng , Chiu Chi-cheng
Published: January 2024

The development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is important in the realm of energy storage. Understanding the intricate effects of binders on the Li+ transport at the cathode/electrolyte interface in LIBs remains a challenge. This study utilized molecular dynamics simulations to compare the molecular effects of conventional polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), Li+-coordinating polyethylene oxide (PEO), and negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) binders on local Li+ mobility at the electrolyte/LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode interface. By examining concentration profiles of Li+, three different polymer binders, and anions near Li+-rich LFP and Li+-depleted FePO4 (FP) surfaces, we found a superior performance of the negatively charged PSS on enhancing Li+ distribution near the Li+-depleted FP surface. The radial distribution function and coordination number analyses revealed the potent interactions of PEO and PSS with Li+ disrupting Li+ coordination with electrolyte solvents. Our simulations also revealed the effects of non-uniform binder dispersions on the Li+ local mobility near the cathode surface. The combined results provide a comparative insight into Li+ transport at the electrolyte/cathode interface influenced by distinct binder chemistries, offering a profound understanding of the binder designs for high-performance LIBs.
Oral Implantology: Current Aspects and Future Perspectives
Authors: Scribante Andrea , Gallo Simone , Pascadopoli Maurizio
Published: January 2024

In recent years, dental implantology has significantly improved with the development of more advanced techniques which have greatly increased the reliability of dental implant therapy while reducing patient morbidity [...]
Utilizing Hybrid Machine Learning and Soft Computing Techniques for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in a Drainage Basin
Authors: Mao Yimin , Li Yican , Teng Fei , Sabonchi Arkan K. S. , Azarafza Mohammad , Zhang Maosheng
Published: January 2024

The hydrological system of thebasin of Lake Urmia is complex, deriving its supply from a network comprising 13 perennial rivers, along withnumerous small springs and direct precipitation onto the lake’s surface. Among these contributors, approximately half of the inflow is attributed to the Zarrineh River and the Simineh River. Remarkably, Lake Urmia lacks a natural outlet, with its water loss occurring solely through evaporation processes. This study employed a comprehensive methodology integrating ground surveys, remote sensing analyses, and meticulous documentation of historical landslides within the basin as primary information sources. Through this investigative approach, we preciselyidentified and geolocated a total of 512 historical landslide occurrences across the Urmia Lake drainage basin, leveraging GPS technology for precision. Thisarticle introduces a suite of hybrid machine learning predictive models, such as support-vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision trees (DT), logistic regression (LR), fuzzy logic (FL), and the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). These models were strategically deployed to assess landslide susceptibility within the region. The outcomes of the landslide susceptibility assessment reveal that the main high susceptible zones for landslide occurrence are concentrated in the northwestern, northern, northeastern, and some southern and southeastern areas of the region. Moreover, when considering the implementation of predictions using different algorithms, it became evident that SVM exhibited superior performance regardingboth accuracy (0.89) and precision (0.89), followed by RF, with and accuracy of 0.83 and a precision of 0.83. However, it is noteworthy that TOPSIS yielded the lowest accuracy value among the algorithms assessed.
Evaluation of the Performance of Nature-Based Constructed Wetlands for Treating Wastewater from Various Land Uses in Korea
Authors: Choi Hyeseon , Jeon Minsu , Geronimo Franz Kevin , Kim Lee-Hyung , Min Joong-Hyuk
Published: January 2024

Land use changes, specifically the growth of impervious areas due to urbanization, exacerbate non-point-source pollutants in stormwater runoff, surpassing discharge from point sources in Korea. The application of nature-based solutions, such as constructed wetlands (CWs), is becoming popular for stormwater treatment, but challenges arise when background concentrations are overlooked, leading to reduced pollutant removal efficiency. This study aims to propose a plan for the sustainability of CWs by evaluating design appropriateness and utilizing existing monitoring results. The evaluation of 63 CWs reveals that meteorological factors, specifically antecedent dry days and rainfall depth, have significant impacts on urban stormwater runoff quality in various land uses, affecting the performance of CWs. Designing CWs considering land use is crucial due to the considerable concentration variations across different land uses. Improving CW performance requires proper maintenance strategies to ensure effective pollutant removal mechanisms, especially for poorly degradable organic substances post treatment. Rainfall characteristics play a pivotal role in CW design and operation, affecting capacity, efficiency estimation, and maintenance frequency. Considering various factors such as land use, watershed characteristics, and ease of maintenance is essential when utilizing CWs. This study’s findings contribute to the design and operation of future CWs, emphasizing the need for continuous performance analyses through long-term monitoring.
The Assessment of Sewage Sludge Utilization in Closed-Loop Economy from an Environmental Perspective
Authors: Janaszek Agata , Silva Alessandra Furtado da , Jurišević Nebojša , Kanuchova Maria , Kozáková Ľubica , Kowalik Robert
Published: January 2024

Sewage sludge, a by-product of wastewater treatment, is garnering increasing attention in the pursuit of closed-loop economy practices due to its highly beneficial fertilizing properties. However, like any technique, using sewage sludge as fertilizer has potential and limitations. Heavy metals within sewage sludge are a primary limitation curtailing its application as a fertilizer. This study collected sewage sludge samples from four wastewater treatment plants and soil from potential application sites. The mobility of heavy metals was then examined using a sequential BCR analysis. Furthermore, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment associated with the agricultural use of sewage sludge was conducted, using various risk indicators such as Igeo and Nemerov, to compare the cumulative metal concentrations in the sewage sludge and soil. Additionally, risk assessment codes, ecological risk indices of metal mobility, and environmental risk indices were calculated, specifically focusing on the mobility of metals in the soil environment. This research demonstrates that sewage sludge failing to meet conventional criteria for agricultural use based on total metal content does not necessarily pose a high-risk application. Understanding the mobility forms of metals in sewage sludge is crucial, influencing the analysis of their potential utilization. Importantly, sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants utilizing biological bed technology tends to exhibit a higher tendency of heavy metals to exist in mobile forms, migrating within the soil environment.
Gelar Logos Bagi Yesus Menurut Injil Yohanes 1:1-3;10:30, Bapa Dan Putera Adalah Satu : Menjawab Konsep Subordinasi Origenes
Authors: Srial Milga
Published: January 2024

Di dalam Alkitab jelas bahwa Yesus adalah Allah yang karena kasih-Nya, Ia rela menjelma menjadi sama dengan manusia untuk menyelamatkan manusia. Keilahian Yesus adalah bukti dari iman kristen. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa masih ada banyak kalangan yang meragukan akan keilahian Yesus. Berangkat dari dwinatur Yesus yang dikatakan bahwa Dia adalah “Manusia yang sejati “ dan “ Allah yang sejati”, orang-orang Kristen terkadang hanya berfokus pada sisi kemanusiaan Yesus sehingga Keilahian-Nya di abaikan. Dari kitab-kitab dalam Perjanjian Baru khusunya kitab-kitab Injil dengan jelas memeprlihatkan bahwa Yesus adalah Allah sendiri. Pra-eksistensi Yesus merupakan bagian terpenting yang harus dipahami dimana Yesus sudah ada sebelum segala sesuatu ada. Yesus mengatakan bahwa “Aku ada sebelum Abraham ada” ungkapan ini merujuk pada identitas-Nya tentang keberadaan-Nya. Bukti keilahian Yesus yang lain yang ditulis oleh kitab-kitab Injil terletak pada sifat-sifat-Nya sebagaimana sifat-sifat Allah.
Pola Pendidikan Anak Yang Unggul dan Alkitabiah Menurut Kisah Eunike dan Timotius
Authors: Tambunan Debora Tiurlan
Published: January 2024

Children are the inheritance from God for parents. Therefore, parents need to educate their children with the right educational pattern to produce superior children in accordance with Biblical truth as a benchmark. In this descriptive research, the author examined Eunice's family who faced big challenges in educating their children because Eunice married someone who did not share her faith and Eunice even had to live as a widow. Eunice began her education by being a role model, making the Word of God a favorite in the family and providing a good educational environment for Timothy. In this way, children are excel and live based on Bible truths throughout their lives.Anak merupakan harta pusaka dari Tuhan bagi orang tua. Sehingga, orang tua perlu mendidik anak dengan pola pendidikan yang tepat untuk menghasilkan anak yang unggul sesuai dengan kebenaran Alkitab sebagai tolok ukurnya. Dalam penelitian deskriptif ini, penulis meneliti keluarga Eunike yang menghadapi tantangan besar dalam mendidik anak karena Eunike bersuamikan orang yang tidak seiman dan bahkan Eunike kemudian harus hidup sebagai seorang janda. Eunike memulai pendidikannya dengan menjadi teladan, menjadikan Firman sebagai kesukaan dalam keluarga serta menyediakan lingkungan pendidikan yang baik bagi Timotius. Dengan cara demikian, dihasilkan anak yang unggul dan hidup berdasarkan kebenaran Alkitab seumur hidupnya.
Análise de manifestações patológicas em edificações comerciais atacadistas: um estudo de caso em Manaus/AM
Authors: Bastos Gleicy Elenn Romão , De Abreu Bruno Matos , Chaves Ana Paula Ferro , Ferreira Elizandra dos Santos , Silvestre Julielson Barroso , Miranda Walzenira Parente
Published: January 2024

O seguimento dos pisos industriais de concreto armado polido com o uso de tinta a base de resina epóxi, vem ganhando espaço considerável no mercado, a construção civil vive em uma constante evolução, buscando inovações e tecnologias que proporcionem altos níveis de produtividade e reduzam custos. Mas mesmo com a existência de muitas alternativas e a procura de métodos de execução de melhor qualidade, as patologias ainda ocorrem com frequência, exigindo que os técnicos responsáveis encontrem as melhores soluções para resolverem patologias em tempo hábil. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo de tratamento das patologias encontradas no piso polido com tinta à base de resina epóxi, patologias que podem surgir em qualquer momento da vida útil quer seja do piso ou de outras partes das edificações, catalogar essas manifestações patológicas encontradas, apontar as possíveis causas e propor possíveis soluções. Esta pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, explicativa com pesquisas bibliográficas e baseia-se em um estudo de caso, realizado em um edifício comercial atacadista na cidade de Manaus, devido ao elevado tráfego de clientes e ao funcionamento ininterrupto do comércio atacadista, o tratamento da manifestação patológica do piso é indispensável, visto que a resina protege o piso, criando uma película de proteção contra possíveis infiltrações, umidade e produtos químicos, proporcionando maior durabilidade, evitando assim que o piso volte a sua forma crua.
Prosumer behavior and the assessment of the level of sustainable development of households in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland
Authors: Trębska Paulina
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to assess the sustainability of households and present the issue of sustainable development in the context of consumer behaviour in Poland on the basis of our own surveys. The research was carried out in July 2022 on a sample of 1112 respondents with a diagnostic survey using the CAWI survey technique. During the research, various types of prosumer activities of households were defined, but also their consumer behaviour was assessed in terms of its positive impact on sustainable development. On the basis of selected variables describing the consumer behaviour of households, three indices of the measurement of sustainable development of households were built – a general index and two component indices. Then, the results were analysed for correlations between variables describing household characteristics and indices describing their level of presumption. Statistical, descriptive and comparative methods were used. The study shows that the surveyed households are highly sustainable. The level of sustainable development of the surveyed households is positively correlated with the level of prosumption.
POLA PEMBERIAN MAKAN DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BAYI (6-24) BULAN DI PUSKESMAS BABIRIK
Authors: Muti’ah  , Istiqamah Istiqamah , Darsono Putri Vidiasari
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah masalah gizi yang terjadi sebagai akibat dari kekurangan gizi dalam kurun waktu yang cukup lama. Menurut WHO Child Grwoth Standart Stunting dasarkan pada indeks panjang badan dibanding umur (PB/U) atau tinggi badan dibanding umur (TB/U) dengan batas (z-score)kurang dari 2-SD.Pola asuh pemberian makan merupakan kemampuan orangtua dan keluarga untuk menyediakan waktu perhatian dan dukungan dalam memberikan makanan kepada anaknya.
Tujuan: Mengetahui pola asuh  pemberian makan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita  06 – 24 bulan di   wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Babirik.
Metode: analisis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Babirik. Dengan populasi ibu yang memiliki balita stunting dan sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purvosive sampling.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki balita stunting. sebanyak 30 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji fisher extact.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara pola pemberian makan dengan kejadian stunting pada bayi/balita usia 6-24 bulan (p=0,007).