bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulatory focus and human values
Authors: Keller Johannes , Kesberg Rebekka
Published: June 2017

The present article connects two approaches to the study of human motivation
and behavior: The Schwartz model of human values and Higgins? regulatory
focus theory. Considering a prominent model of human motivation - the
Rubicon Model of Action Phases - reveals that although both approaches refer
to goals and standards as crucial constructs, human values are specifically
relevant concerning the so-called deliberation and evaluation phases whereas
selfregulatory orientations are specifically relevant concerning the
volitional phases (i.e., planning and action). It may be due to the
selective focus on specific aspects of human motivation that up to date
hardly any (empirical) work has tried to connect human values and
selfregulatory orientations. The reported studies assessed the relation
between the endorsement of values proposed in the Schwartz model of human
values and individual differences in the two self-regulatory orientations
(promotion and prevention) proposed in regulatory focus theory. Findings
reveal that prevention-focused self-regulation is positively related to
conservation values (security, conformity) and negatively related to values
reflecting openness to change (stimulation, self-direction). Moreover,
promotion-focused self-regulation was positively related to self-enhancement
values (power, achievement) and negatively related to values reflecting
self-transcendence (universalism, benevolence). In addition, the observed
relations were found using different instruments to measure human values and
self-regulatory orientations. In combination, the observed findings support
the proposed two-dimensional structure of the value system as well as
fundamental assumptions of regulatory focus theory.
Feeling lonely in the lab: A literature review and partial examination of recent loneliness induction procedures for experiments
Authors: Pels Fabian , Kleinert Jens
Published: June 2017

Few laboratory experiments have been conducted in loneliness research in the
past. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review, partially
investigate and discuss loneliness induction procedures in order to
facilitate future laboratory experiments in loneliness research (e.g. to
examine the link between loneliness and social cognition). Previous studies
have found both unconscious (i.e. professional hypnosis) and conscious (i.e.
recalling and calling out lonely experiences) procedures to be successful in
inducing loneliness. Another conscious procedure (i.e. recalling and writing
down lonely experiences) that has been described in recent literature has
not yet been examined. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine this
procedure using a one-group before-after design. However, this procedure, in
which the participants had to recall and write down two lonely situations,
was not found to significantly induce loneliness. Of 16 participants, only
three reported at least some higher feelings of loneliness following this
procedure.
Hedge Fund Voluntary Disclosure
Authors: Cassar Gavin J. , Gerakos Joseph J. , Green Jeremiah R. , Hand John R. M. , Neal Matthew
Published: June 2017

Using a dataset of 3,234 letters sent by 434 hedge funds to their investors during 1995–2011, we study what motivates hedge fund managers to make voluntary disclosures. Contrary to the hedge fund industry's reputation for opacity, we observe that managers provide their investors with an array of quantitative and qualitative information about fund returns, risk exposures, holdings, benchmarks, performance attribution, and future prospects. We find that the tensions between the agency costs faced by investors and the proprietary costs faced by managers affect fund disclosures. Consistent with managers reducing proprietary costs, better-performing funds disclose less quantitative data about performance and holdings, and consistent with the presence of agency costs, riskier funds disclose less quantitative information about performance and assets under management.
EXPERIENCE IN EVALUATING UN ACCOUNTED FLUVIAL ANADROMOUS AND RIVER FISH SPECIES IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
Authors: Barabanov Vitaliy Victorovich , Tkach Veronica Nikolaevna , Shipulin Sergey Viktorovich
Published: June 2017

The work presents the assessment of unaccounted withdrawal of fluvial anadromous and river fish species in the inland fisheries of the Astrakhan region, which is composed of despoliations of commercial catches, poaching and amateur fishing. Methodology decisions that are developed at the CaspNIRKh were the calculation basis of the unaccounted fishing withdrawal and assessment of the impact of amateur fishing on the aquatic bio-resources. The article shows the evaluation method of volumes of poaching fish withdrawal. It is found that the main objects of the unaccounted withdrawal were more valuable fishing species (roach, pike perch, catfish, carp, bream, and pike). The despoliation of commercial catches made 28% on the average. One year minimum poaching fish withdrawal in the region, using the example of 2015, was 7.94 thousands of tones and 19% from commercial catch, and 20-30% of fish catching, harvested by the amateur fishing. The work presents the pressing of unaccounted withdrawal of fluvial anadromous and river fish species on stocks. On the back of decrease of stocks and commercial catches of fluvial anadromous and river fish species, development scales of all directions of unaccounted withdrawal in the Astrakhan region disturb all preconditions for reconstruction and growth of fish number.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SIRES AND REARING JUVENILS OF PIKEPERCH STOCKED UP FOR REPRODUCTION IN THE KAPCHAGAI WATER RESERVOIR
Authors: Isbekov Kuanysh Baibulatovich , Koyshibaeva Saya Kashkinbayevna , Fedorov Evgeniy Victorovich
Published: June 2017

The purpose of research is determining the terms of spawning, age and morphometric characteristics of sires and rearing stocks of pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca ) gathered in one of the inlets of the Kapchagai water reservoir in 2012-2014. There were measured the mass, overall and commercial length, thickness and height of the body, head length, height of caudal paduncle, maximum body circumference. Fatness was determined, according to Fulton. To determine age there was used fish-scale. Reliability assessment of distinctions in dimensions was carried out by means of biological statistics. The terms of beginning (11-15 April) and end (20-22 April) of pikeperch spawning have been determined. The age of sires at catch is 5-9 years. There has been revealed the absence of essential dimensional distinctions in male and female pikeperch species; however, there were found distinctions in the side groups. Size indexes values of pikeperch sires from the investigated region of the Kapchagai water reservoir demonstrate polymorphism of pikeperch sires. The data obtained allow to plan rearing pikeperch juveniles breeding at all stages of production process.
Game for Children with Special Needs
Authors: Suhono Kwee Andreas Setiawan
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the writer discussed how to use media game which can cure someone affected with autism. Autism itself is a disorder that affects the brain, so that patients have a difficulty to communicate and relate to others. There are several factors that cause the emergence of diseases such as autism, that is, genetic factors, psychological factors, as well as food poisoning during pregnancy. In this case, the writer interviewed one of the teachers at the center of therapist in order to find out how to cure autism by using media game. The writer expected that by using the media game, people can recover from autism.
The Difference Between Using Proxy Server and VPN
Authors: Kurniadi David Dwiputra
Published: June 2017

In this era of globalization, it is important to get the lastest information or update. In this time people must know what internet is as almost every person ing computer or gadget, using internet to search for some information or something new.For example, looking for software, game through internet. But sometimes, there are some websites that cannot be opened as they have Internet Positive notificatio. To solve that problem, hacker found the solution by creating Proxy Server or VPN. In this time internet is very modern and very easy to access and there are a lot of Proxy Server and VPN that can be easly used.
STUDI TATA RUANG RUMAH TINGGAL SUKU TALANG MAMAK (Spatial Study Talang Mamak Tribe House)
Authors: Faisal Gun , Wihardyanto Dimas
Published: June 2017

The Talang Mamak tribe, one of Indonesian tribe, still practices the hunting and gathering of natural produce despite the fact that among them have chosen to settle permanently and doing farming activities. The aim of this research is to study the characteristics of the Talang Mamak house. The method used in this research is grounded theory method, based on the open coding, axial coding as well selective coding techniques. The method used to find the variation layout of the houses and then evaluate the characters and concept of the layouts. The conclusion of this study is that the core of the Talang Mamak house is based on the connectivity of four rooms namely: Ruang Haluan, Ruang Tangah, Ruang Tampuan and Pandapuran. The house has an open layout where all daily household activities are done without barriers. The social status of the owner is identified by houses furniture and staf
PERAN MASYARAKAT DAN PERMUKIMAN NELAYAN SEBAGAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN MINAPOLITAN DI LAMONGAN, Studi Kasus Permukiman Minapolis Brondong Lamongan (The Role of Community and Fishing Settlement as a Basis for the Development of the Minapolitan Area i
Authors: Suprihardjo Rimadewi , Rahmawati Dian
Published: June 2017

The Settlement fishermen is as basic area that contain all the activities of the fishermen in daily life and economic. Moreover, regional development as the settlement Minneapolitan area is using the strategic steps in order to create prosperity of fishermen. Such as: (1) strengthening the local economy and fishery small-scale; (2) strengthening business Secondary Schools As well (UMA); and (3) development of maritime economy and the region, based on fisheries management system. Problems that need to be addressed in any settlement fishermen, is how seamlessly integrates all the potential to improve the economy and the community empowerment. The methods used in this research is using combination approach between rationalistic and naturalistic with the method of qualitative/quantitative exploration. For identifying characteristic coastal settlement in the region, the analysis using adaptation study of Ekistics method that is one of the way to learn more about the settlement scientifically.

This research aims to develop the concept settlement Minneapolis, and its role in developing the region Minneapolitan. The process toward development concept settlement Minneapolis, needs to identify the characteristics settlement specifically. This research result can be known the community living characteristic, public life coastal village that has a very important roles in the developing of Minneapolitan region in Lamongan district
Nghiên cứu bào chế viên nén Acid Nicotinic giải phóng kéo dài 24 giờ
Authors: Huệ Phạm Thị Minh , Nguyen Bach Van , Phommasone Sonekeo
Published: June 2017

Niacin (nicotinic acid) is a highly water-soluble vitamin, which has been used asa lipid-lowering agent. Sustained  release (SR) niacin  tablet  was  developed in oder to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. In this study, the once daily extended release matrix tablets of niacin using a hydrophilic polymer of HPMC K100M as matrix excipientwere prepared by wet granulation method. The results of the dissolution study indicate that the release of the drug was found to be dependent on the proportions of HPMC used in the tablets. The dissolution profile of the  optimal formula was similar to that of the predict and attained the requirements of USP 37. The dug incorporated in the matrix released by diffusionand fitted the first order kinetic.
Novel biotransformation of menthone by microbial strains and vermicompost microbial consortium
Authors: Gayan Aparna , Sethi Sonali , Prakash Om , Pant A.K.
Published: June 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence and vermicompost microbial consortium to biotransform the monoterpene menthone. The different microbial transformation was carried out in different media including the control flask. Samples of different cultures were taken after every 24 hours, extracted with n-hexane and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The chemical structure of the bio transformed products were identified by GC and GC-MS. All the microbial strains led to the decomposition of menthone with time. The most valuable transformation was the production of menthol by vermicompost microbial strain. The obtained data indicated that vermicompost microbial consortium is a good biocatalyst to convert the ketonic group into hydroxyl group and showed the importance of various microbial strains in the biotransformation of the menthone.
Emoticons in transactional and interactional exchanges: social networking chitchat versus working negotiation
Authors: Maíz-Arévalo Carmen
Published: June 2017

Abstract: emoticons are ordinarily linked to more colloquial computer-mediated exchanges such as informal emails, chats, comments on social networking sites, etc. In these genres, the interactional function of language is also predominant even if there can also be transactional elements. The question rises whether more transactional and formal exchanges make a similar use of emoticons. This paper aims to compare the use of emoticons in two contrastive datasets of computer-mediated communication where either the interactional or transactional function predominates to find out whether emoticons are used as much in transactional as in interactional encounters and whether they perform the same functions.Resumen: en general, los emoticonos se asocian a contextos de carácter informal (mails informales, chats, redes sociales, etc.). En estos géneros, predomina la función interactiva del lenguaje incluso cuando hay cierta transacción. Esto nos lleva a plantearnos si los emoticonos tienen las misma frecuencia de uso y sirven para desempeñar las mismas funciones en aquellos intercambios mediados por ordenador de carácter más formal. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el uso de los emoticonos en dos bases de datos: una de carácter interactivo frente a otra transaccional y ver si la frecuencia de uso y las funciones desempeñadas son equiparables.
Why *John can’t contribute Mary money. Constructional behavior of contribute verbs
Authors: Rosca Andreea
Published: June 2017

Abstract: this article examines the conceptual structure of the main constructions in which Levin’s (1993) contribute verbs appear, viz. the ditransitive and the dative constructions, which often alternate. The present paperquestions the reliability of Levin’s semantic criterion for contribute verbs and shows that the integration of these verbs into the dative construction is licensed by several factors, such as the presence of multiple agents, multiple transferred entities and multiple recipients which deprofile the possessive relationship between a unique recipient and an object (e.g. contribute, administer, distribute), and the conceptual prominence of the motion event over the possession relationship between the recipient and the object (e.g. refer, transfer), among others. Resumen: este artículo examina la estructura conceptual de las principales construcciones en las que aparecen los verbos de contribución de Levin (1993), concretamente las construcciones ditransitiva y dativa que alternan a menudo.El presente trabajo cuestiona la fiabilidad del criterio semántico de Levin para los verbos de contribución y demuestra que la subsunción de estos verbos en la construcción dativa se rige por varios factores, como la presencia de múltiples agentes, múltiples entidades transferidas y múltiples recipientes que desenfocan la relación de posesión entre un único recipiente y un objeto (ej. contribuir, administrar, distribuir), y la prominencia conceptual del evento de movimiento sobre la relación de posesión entre el recipiente y el objeto (ej. remitir, transferir), entre otros.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Evaluation of Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Galanthus nivalis L. Homeopathic Crude Herbal Drugs
Authors: O. Bokov D , A. Samylina I. , D. Nikolov S.
Published: June 2017

Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Galanthus nivalis L. are two snowdrop species that are used in traditional medicine
and homeopathy for nervous system disorders treatment. During pharmacognostic research linear dimensions of G.
woronowii and G. nivalis homeopathic crude herbal drugs (HomCHD) were determined. The following microscopic
anatomical and diagnostic features of snowdrop species were investigated: the structure of the adaxial and abaxial leaf
epidermis, peduncle epidermis, the corolla epidermis, external and internal epidermis of outer scale, external and internal
epidermis of storage scale, cell size and cellular inclusions (calcium oxalate raphides, starch grains). There are differences
in the linear dimensions both in the macro and in the micro level. Overall dimensions of G. woronowii organs are
significantly greater than G. nivalis organs, this fact is also reflected in the linear dimensions of the cell structures. The
complex of diagnostic features allows the identification of the snowdrop species.
GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds on Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Phyllodium pulchellum L. Desv.
Authors: G. Velmurugan , P. Anand S.
Published: June 2017

The present investigation was carried out to characterize the bioactive compounds present in leaf extract of Phyllodium
pulchellum using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS). The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different
peaks determining the presence of 10 phytochemical compounds with different therapeutic activities. The major
phytocompounds 9-Octadecenamide, (Z) (18.89), 9-Cyclohexylnonadecane (15.93), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 2-
methyltetrahydro-5-oxo-3-furancarboxylate (10.47) and minor compounds were also present. From the results, it could be
concluded that P.pulchellum contains various bioactive compounds have various biological activities. Therefore, it is
recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.
A major gene for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is not unfavorably associated with overall performance under nonchallenging conditions in commercial pig lines
Authors: Dunkelberger J. R. , Mathur P. K. , Lopes M. S. , Knol E. F. , Dekkers J. C. M.
Published: June 2017

A QTL for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was identified in a previous study. The SNP WUR10000125 (WUR) is used as a tag SNP for this QTL. The favorable (B) allele at this SNP is in low frequency in commercial populations, possibly because this allele is unfavorably associated with an important trait under nonchallenging conditions and, therefore, may have been selected against. Therefore, objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of WUR on traits under selection in commercial lines under nonchallenging conditions and to estimate the effect of WUR genotype of parents on performance of crossbred progeny in a commercial-like environment. Data were collected on 4 purebred lines: a Landrace dam line (D1), a Large White dam line (D2), a synthetic sire line (S1), and a Pietrain sire line (S2). Traits analyzed included total number born, number stillborn, farrowing survival, lactation survival, litter mortality, daily feed intake (DFI), backfat, average test daily gain (TGR), average lifetime daily gain (LGR), and Topigs Norsvin selection index (TSI) value, indicative of overall economic value. Deregressed EBV were calculated for each trait (except TSI) and analyzed within line. In the S1 line, AB and BB pigs had significantly lower TGR (P = 0.002) and LGR (P = 0.001) than AA pigs but also lower DFI (P = 0.004). Conversely, AB and BB pigs had significantly higher DFI (P < 0.001) and AB pigs had significantly higher TGR (P = 0.03) than AA pigs in the S2 line. The effect of WUR on TSI was not significant for any line (P ≥ 0.15). Analyses of phenotypic records collected on crossbred progeny of S1 sires and D1 × D2 F1 females showed no significant effect of parent WUR genotype on DFI, backfat, TGR, or LGR (P ≥ 0.07). In conclusion, the effect of WUR was nonsignificant for most traits but the magnitude and direction of the effect differed by trait and by line. The favorable allele for host response to PRRS was associated with greater DFI and a tendency for greater TGR in the S2 line, but the opposite direction of effect was detected for the S1 line. Regardless of the effect on individual traits, no significant effect of WUR on TSI was detected for any line. Therefore, selecting for the B allele is expected to result in progeny with increased resistance to PRRS without compromising overall economic value under normal, nonchallenging conditions.
Code Grey: Mapping Healthcare Service Deserts in Hamilton, Ontario and the Impact on Senior Populations
Authors: Dosen Kristin M. , Karasiuk Alexis A. , Marcaccio Alexandra C. , Miljak Samantha , Nair Mythili H. , Radauskas Victoria J.
Published: June 2017

Given the precedent findings of health inequalities in Hamilton, ON and the rapid increase of elderly populations in Canada as a whole, this article looks for areas of deficient health services within the Hamilton region, characterized as “healthcare deserts,” and examines the possible implications with respect to the residing senior populations. Maps were constructed by overlaying median household income and percentage of population over 65 with the locations of healthcare services frequented by seniors. Qualitative analysis revealed that the distribution of senior services has no correlation to the senior population, and that senior services tend to be concentrated in lower income areas. This research has exposed the existence of healthcare deserts in most regions of Hamilton except the downtown core. Since seniors are less able to travel longer distances, living far away from these services could act as a barrier, inhibiting access and reducing quality of life. Concerns regarding accessibility of health services will become more important as this demographic grows, so mapping services in this manner can inform urban planning to minimize the impacts of these deserts.
Colonizing Gestures: Crusoe, the Signing Sovereign
Authors: Farr Jason S.
Published: June 2017

This article offers a reading of the colonialist and ableist (audist) assumptions that undergird Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719). I argue that Crusoe’s fraught experience of sound on the island serves as punishment for sins he committed in his youth (indicating the novel’s audism) and that his use of gesture allows him both to manage his auditory uncertainty and to consolidate power over Friday. Through my analysis of John Bulwer’s universal theory of gesture, I situate that cultural history alongside the emergence of deaf education in the eighteenth century. Reading gesture as critical to the colonial philosophy of Robinson Crusoe provides insight into travel narratives by Christopher Columbus and William Dampier, who convey that sign was used in the absence of interpreters in con tact zones. Such representations of gesture make legible colonial designs and Indigenous resistance. Gesture destabilizes Crusoe’s authority even while it enables him to establish his rule. My reading of Robinson Crusoe argues that colonialism and audism work together to justify Western European expansion.
Aubin’s The Noble Slaves, Montagu’s Spanish Lady, and English Feminist Writing about Sexual Slavery in the Ottoman World
Authors: Beach Adam R.
Published: June 2017

This article analyzes Penelope Aubin’s popular novel The Noble Slaves (1722) alongside Mary Wortley Montagu’s Turkish Embassy Letters (1763), particularly her letter “To the Countesse of ——” (May 1718), which depicts the enslavement of a Spanish “Lady.” By contrasting these two authors, I show the difficulty that feminist thinkers had in forging an Enlightenment appreciation for the Islamic world and a critique of Islamic slave institutions at the same time. The ways in which Aubin and Montagu deploy pro- and anti-Islamic sentiments in combination with varying levels of attention to the psycho-sexual trauma of female enslavement in the Ottoman world is emblematic of larger trends in the period. An understanding of this dynamic can help us to think more clearly about how we have inherited these tensions in our own scholarly work on feminism, slavery, and the English encounter with the Ottoman world.
Introduction
Authors: van den Berg Marguerite , O’Neill Bruce
Published: June 2017

Nearly a decade after the global financial crisis of 2008, this thematic
section investigates one way in which marginalization and precarization appears:
boredom. An increasingly competitive global economy has fundamentally
changed the coordinates of work and class in ways that have led to a changing engagement
with boredom. Long thought of as an affliction of prosperity, boredom
has recently emerged as an ethnographically observed plight of the most economically
vulnerable. Drawing on fieldwork from postsocialist Europe and postcolonial
Africa, this thematic section explores the intersection of boredom and precarity
in order to gain new insight into the workings of advanced capitalism. It experiments
with ways of theorizing the changing relationship between status, production,
consumption, and the experience of excess free time. These efforts are rooted
in a desire to make sense of the precarious forms of living that proliferated in the
aftermath of the global financial crisis and that continue to endure a decade later.
Too much time
Authors: Mains Daniel
Published: June 2017

In the context of unprecedented rates of urban unemployment, in the
early 2000s young men in Ethiopia struggled with an overabundance of time. I
examine changes in urban young men’s experiences of time and progress over a period
of 13 years to better understand the nature of boredom and modernity. Young
men simultaneously experienced a sense a linear progress in their own lives, and
feelings of frustration when shift s in their built environment did not translate into
a more abstract sense of change. Ultimately I argue that in contrast to conceptions
of boredom that emerge out of the West, Ethiopian boredom was profoundly social
in the sense that it was based on an inability to experience progress in one’s relations
of reciprocity with others.
Can a financial bubble burst if no one hears the pop?
Authors: Haxby Andrew
Published: June 2017

This article concerns the formation of price in Kathmandu’s land market.
In Nepal, land has been for generations the bedrock of savings and household
finance, an objectification of social status and a subject of intense political debate,
up to and including the recent Maoist insurrection. In Kathmandu, however, the
meaning of land has begun to change, mostly because of the rapid fluctuations in
its monetary value. This article demonstrates how residents have used localized
understandings of price and value formation to explain these changes, understandings
that take as their reference point historical landlord-tenant relationships
and not the machinations of market equilibrium. This article interrogates the notion
that the market animates price, instead arguing that price can index a multitude
of value formations.
Experimental Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Frozen Soils - A Case Study of Tabriz Subway
Authors: Esmaeili-Falak Mahzad , Katebi Hooshang , Javadi Akbar
Published: June 2017

The mechanical properties of frozen ground are key parameters in design and implementation of artificial ground freezing (AGF) in underground projects. Soil samples were obtained from the urban underground railway project site in Tabriz, Iran. The specimens were classified as SP and CL according to the USCS. The specimens were remolded in accordance with the site conditions. Over 120 triaxial compression tests were conducted on the frozen samples at different temperatures, confining pressures and strain rates. The results show that the frozen SP and CL soils exhibit strain-softening and strain-hardening behaviour, respectively. In all cases, Young’s modulus increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate and confining pressure. Also, the shear strength increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. In all tests, the Young’s modulus and shear strength of the SP soil are greater than the CL soil. Based on the results of this research, the application of artificial ground freezing was recommended for coarse-grained and non-cohesive soils like SP in the Tabriz underground railway project.
Al-Afrād (Word Choice) in Uri Rubin's Hebrew Translation of the Qur'an
Authors: Haykal Aḥmed
Published: June 2017

Al-afrād are Qur'anic words which always carry their original meaning in the language, departing from such meanings in only one situation where they take on another specific meaning. The first scholar to address the subject of al-afrād was Muqātil b. Sulaymān, whose comments on this phenomenon are interspersed throughout his tafsīr. Abū’l-Ḥusayn al-Malaṭī cited a number of these in his al-Tanbīh wa'l-radd ʿalā ahl al-ahwāʾ wa'l-bidʿ, while Aḥmad b. Fāris composed a muṣannaf entitled al-Afrād, which likewise benefits from Muqātil's work and in which he dealt with 34 of these terms. Al-Zarkashī quoted al-Afrād in its entirety in his al-Burhān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān, and added a further ten terms of his own. In his al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī also quoted Ibn Fāris’ list, as well as the majority of those mentioned by al-Zarkashī, to which he adds another four words.

These observations form the starting point of this study. The introduction reviews Uri Rubin's choice of words in his Hebrew translation of the Qur'an (Tel Aviv, 2005) with a view to analysing the Hebrew equivalents to the Qur'anic terms chosen by the translator. This will be done by comparing them to the words used in the Qur'an, and with reference to the tafsīr and the wujūh wa'l-naẓāʾir. On the basis of this, we are able to gauge the extent to which the translator has succeeded in offering relevant equivalents to the singular meaning intended in the Qur'an, and correct it if needed. This study will be confined to the following afrād: al-burūj, al-barr, al-baḥr, jithiyyan, rayb, al-ṣawm, al-ẓulumāt, al-nūr, al-qunūt, liʾalā, miṣbāḥ, al-rijz, al-rajm, al-zakāt, al-Shayṭān, al-ṣalāt, al-ʿadhāb, al-nikāḥ, and al-zūr.
Lévy Statistics and the Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers
Authors: Araújo Cid , Gomes Anderson , Raposo Ernesto
Published: June 2017

The interest in random fiber lasers (RFLs), first demonstrated one decade ago, is still growing and their basic characteristics have been studied by several authors. RFLs are open systems that present instabilities in the intensity fluctuations due to the energy exchange among their non-orthogonal quasi-modes. In this work, we present a review of the recent investigations on the output characteristics of a continuous-wave erbium-doped RFL, with an emphasis on the statistical behavior of the emitted intensity fluctuations. A progression from the Gaussian to Lévy and back to the Gaussian statistical regime was observed by increasing the excitation laser power from below to above the RFL threshold. By analyzing the RFL output intensity fluctuations, the probability density function of emission intensities was determined, and its correspondence with the experimental results was identified, enabling a clear demonstration of the analogy between the RFL phenomenon and the spin-glass phase transition in disordered magnetic systems. A replica-symmetry-breaking phase above the RFL threshold was characterized and the glassy behavior of the emitted light was established. We also discuss perspectives for future investigations on RFL systems.
T-Cell Manipulation Strategies to Prevent Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Vadakekolathu Jayakumar , Rutella Sergio
Published: June 2017

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donor can be curative for eligible patients with non-malignant and malignant haematological disorders. HSCT from alternative donor sources, such as HLA-mismatched haploidentical donors, is increasingly considered as a viable therapeutic option for patients lacking HLA-matched donors. Initial attempts at haploidentical HSCT were associated with vigorous bidirectional alloreactivity, leading to unacceptably high rates of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). More recently, new approaches for mitigating harmful T-cell alloreactivity that mediates GVHD, while preserving the function of tumour-reactive natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells, have led to markedly improved clinical outcomes, and are successfully being implemented in the clinic. This article will provide an update on in vitro strategies and in vivo approaches aimed at preventing GVHD by selectively manipulating key components of the adaptive immune response, such as T-cell receptor (TCR)-αβ T cells and CD45RA-expressing naive T cells.
The Relevance of Political Stability on FDI: A VAR Analysis and ARDL Models for Selected Small, Developed, and Instability Threatened Economies
Authors: Kurecic Petar , Kokotovic Filip
Published: June 2017

This paper studies the relevance of political stability on foreign direct investment (FDI) and the relevance of FDI on economic growth, in three panels. The first panel contains 11 very small economies; the second contains five well-developed and politically stable economies with highly positive FDI net inflows, while the third is a panel with economies that are prone to political violence or targeted by the terrorist attacks. We employ a Granger causality test and implement a vector autoregressive (VAR) framework within the panel setting. In order to test the sensitivity of the results and avoid robust errors, we employ an ARDL model for each of the countries within every panel. Based upon our results, we conclude that there is a long-term relationship between political stability and FDI for the panel of small economies, while we find no empiric evidence of such a relationship for both panels of larger and more developed economies. Similarly to the original hypothesis of Lucas (1990), we find that FDI outflows tend to go towards politically less stable countries. On the other hand, the empiric methodology employed did not find such conclusive evidence in the panels of politically more developed countries or in the small economies that this paper observes.
Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy on the Carbonaceous Structure Formation and Nanoparticle Emission in a DISI Engine Fuelled with Butanol
Authors: Merola Simona , Irimescu Adrian , Di Iorio Silvana , Vaglieco Bianca
Published: June 2017

Within the context of ever wider expansion of direct injection in spark ignition engines, this investigation was aimed at improved understanding of the correlation between fuel injection strategy and emission of nanoparticles. Measurements performed on a wall guided engine allowed identifying the mechanisms involved in the formation of carbonaceous structures during combustion and their evolution in the exhaust line. In-cylinder pressure was recorded in combination with cycle-resolved flame imaging, gaseous emissions and particle size distribution. This complete characterization was performed at three injection phasing settings, with butanol and commercial gasoline. Optical accessibility from below the combustion chamber allowed visualization of diffusive flames induced by fuel deposits; these localized phenomena were correlated to observed changes in engine performance and pollutant species. With gasoline fueling, minor modifications were observed with respect to combustion parameters, when varying the start of injection. The alcohol, on the other hand, featured marked sensitivity to the fuel delivery strategy. Even though the start of injection was varied in a relatively narrow crank angle range during the intake stroke, significant differences were recorded, especially in the values of particle emissions. This was correlated to the fuel jet-wall interactions; the analysis of diffusive flames, their location and size confirmed the importance of liquid film formation in direct injection engines, especially at medium and high load.
Hybrid Photovoltaic Systems with Accumulation—Support for Electric Vehicle Charging
Authors: Mastny Petr , Moravek Jan , Vojtek Martin , Drapela Jiri
Published: June 2017

The paper presents the concept of a hybrid power system with additional energy storage to support electric vehicles (EVs) charging stations. The aim is to verify the possibilities of mutual cooperation of individual elements of the system from the point of view of energy balances and to show possibilities of utilization of accumulation for these purposes using mathematical modeling. The description of the technical solution of the concept is described by a mathematical model in the Matlab Simulink programming environment. Individual elements of the assembled model are described in detail, together with the algorithm of the control logic of charging the supporting storage system. The resulting model was validated via an actual small-scale hybrid system (HS). Within the outputs of the mathematical model, two simulation scenarios are presented, with the aid of which the benefits of the concept presented were verified.
Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Briggs Michelle , Petersen Kristina , Kris-Etherton Penny
Published: June 2017

Dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for more than 50 years. While the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise substituting both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for SFA, evidence supports other nutrient substitutions that will also reduce CVD risk. For example, replacing SFA with whole grains, but not refined carbohydrates, reduces CVD risk. Replacing SFA with protein, especially plant protein, may also reduce CVD risk. While dairy fat (milk, cheese) is associated with a slightly lower CVD risk compared to meat, dairy fat results in a significantly greater CVD risk relative to unsaturated fatty acids. As research continues, we will refine our understanding of dietary patterns associated with lower CVD risk.
Seasonal Differences in Determinants of Time Location Patterns in an Urban Population: A Large Population-Based Study in Korea
Authors: Lee Sewon , Lee Kiyoung
Published: June 2017

Time location patterns are a significant factor for exposure assessment models of air pollutants. Factors associated with time location patterns in urban populations are typically due to high air pollution levels in urban areas. The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal differences in time location patterns in two urban cities. A Time Use Survey of Korean Statistics (KOSTAT) was conducted in the summer, fall, and winter of 2014. Time location data from Seoul and Busan were collected, together with demographic information obtained by diaries and questionnaires. Determinants of the time spent at each location were analyzed by multiple linear regression and the stepwise method. Seoul and Busan participants had similar time location profiles over the three seasons. The time spent at own home, other locations, workplace/school and during walk were similar over the three seasons in both the Seoul and Busan participants. The most significant time location pattern factors were employment status, age, gender, monthly income, and spouse. Season affected the time spent at the workplace/school and other locations in the Seoul participants, but not in the Busan participants. The seasons affected each time location pattern of the urban population slightly differently, but overall there were few differences.
Diverse Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and ATRA in Murine and Human Blood Cells at Early Stages of Their Differentiation
Authors: Janik Sylwia , Nowak Urszula , Łaszkiewicz Agnieszka , Satyr Anastasiia , Majkowski Michał , Marchwicka Aleksandra , Śnieżewski Łukasz , Berkowska Klaudia , Gabryś Marian , Cebrat Małgorzata , Marcinkowska Ewa
Published: June 2017

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in multiple blood cells, and the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. The role of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in hematopoiesis is very important, as the fusion of RARα gene with PML gene initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia where differentiation of the myeloid lineage is blocked, followed by an uncontrolled proliferation of leukemic blasts. RARα takes part in regulation of VDR transcription, and unliganded RARα acts as a transcriptional repressor to VDR gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This is why we decided to examine the effects of the combination of 1,25D and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on VDR gene expression in normal human and murine blood cells at various steps of their development. We tested the expression of VDR and regulation of this gene in response to 1,25D or ATRA, as well as transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors VDR and RARs in human and murine blood cells. We discovered that regulation of VDR expression in humans is different from in mice. In human blood cells at early stages of their differentiation ATRA, but not 1,25D, upregulates the expression of VDR. In contrast, in murine blood cells 1,25D, but not ATRA, upregulates the expression of VDR. VDR and RAR receptors are present and transcriptionally active in blood cells of both species, especially at early steps of blood development.
Fucaceae: A Source of Bioactive Phlorotannins
Authors: Catarino Marcelo , Silva Artur , Cardoso Susana
Published: June 2017

Fucaceae is the most dominant algae family along the intertidal areas of the Northern Hemisphere shorelines, being part of human customs for centuries with applications as a food source either for humans or animals, in agriculture and as remedies in folk medicine. These macroalgae are endowed with several phytochemicals of great industrial interest from which phlorotannins, a class of marine-exclusive polyphenols, have gathered much attention during the last few years due to their numerous possible therapeutic properties. These compounds are very abundant in brown seaweeds such as Fucaceae and have been demonstrated to possess numerous health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects through scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or enhancement of intracellular antioxidant defenses, antidiabetic properties through their acarbose-like activity, stimulation of adipocytes glucose uptake and protection of β-pancreatic cells against high-glucose oxidative stress; anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of several pro-inflammatory mediators; antitumor properties by activation of apoptosis on cancerous cells and metastasis inhibition, among others. These multiple health properties render phlorotannins great potential for application in numerous therapeutical approaches. This review addresses the major contribution of phlototannins for the biological effects that have been described for seaweeds from Fucaceae. In addition, the bioavailability of this group of phenolic compounds is discussed.
dIvergEnt: How IgE Axis Contributes to the Continuum of Allergic Asthma and Anti-IgE Therapies
Authors: Palomares Óscar , Sánchez-Ramón Silvia , Dávila Ignacio , Prieto Luis , Pérez de Llano Luis , Lleonart Marta , Domingo Christian , Nieto Antonio
Published: June 2017

Asthma is an airway disease characterised by chronic inflammation with intermittent or permanent symptoms including wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough, which vary in terms of their occurrence, frequency, and intensity. The most common associated feature in the airways of patients with asthma is airway inflammation. In recent decades, efforts have been made to characterise the heterogeneous clinical nature of asthma. The interest in improving the definitions of asthma phenotypes and endotypes is growing, although these classifications do not always correlate with prognosis nor are always appropriate therapeutic approaches. Attempts have been made to identify the most relevant molecular and cellular biomarkers underlying the immunopathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. For almost 50 years, immunoglobulin E (IgE) has been identified as a central factor in allergic asthma, due to its allergen-specific nature. Many of the mechanisms of the inflammatory cascade underlying allergic asthma have already been elucidated, and IgE has been shown to play a fundamental role in the triggering, development, and chronicity of the inflammatory responses within the disease. Blocking IgE with monoclonal antibodies such as omalizumab have demonstrated their efficacy, effectiveness, and safety in treating allergic asthma. A better understanding of the multiple contributions of IgE to the inflammatory continuum of asthma could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the disease.
The Application of Heptamethine Cyanine Dye DZ-1 and Indocyanine Green for Imaging and Targeting in Xenograft Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Caiqin , Zhao Yong , Zhang He , Chen Xue , Zhao Ningning , Tan Dengxu , Zhang Hai , Shi Changhong
Published: June 2017

Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging has strong potential for widespread use in noninvasive tumor imaging. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -approved NIRF dye for clinical diagnosis; however, it is unstable and poorly targets tumors. DZ-1 is a novel heptamethine cyanine NIRF dye, suitable for imaging and tumor targeting. Here, we compared the fluorescence intensity and metabolism of DZ-1 and ICG. Additionally, we assayed their specificities and abilities to target tumor cells, using cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, a nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model of liver cancer, and a rabbit orthotopic transplantation model. We found that DZ-1 accumulates in tumor tissue and specifically recognizes HCC in subcutaneous and orthotopic models. The NIRF intensity of DZ-1 was one order of magnitude stronger than that of ICG, and DZ-1 showed excellent intraoperative tumor targeting in the rabbit model. Importantly, ICG accumulated at tumor sites, as well as in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, DZ-1 analog-gemcitabine conjugate (NIRG) exhibited similar tumor-specific targeting and imaging properties, including inhibition of tumor growth, in HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice. DZ-1 and NIRG demonstrated superior tumor-targeting specificity, compared to ICG. We show that DZ-1 is an effective molecular probe for specific imaging, targeting, and therapy in HCC.