bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Tracking Control for Discrete-Time Multiagent Systems with Novel Markovian Switching Topologies
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Zhou Zhen , Hu Zhongquan
Published: December 2017

Distributed discrete-time coordinated tracking control problem is investigated for multiagent systems in the ideal case, where agents with a fixed graph combine with a leader-following group, aiming to expand the function of the traditional one in some scenes. The modified union switching topology is derived from a set of Markov chains to the edges by introducing a novel mapping. The issue on how to guarantee all the agents tracking the leader is solved through a PD-like consensus algorithm. The available sampling period and the feasible control gain are calculated in terms of the trigonometric function theory, and the mean-square bound of tracking errors is provided finally. Simulation example is presented to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Mitochondrial (Dys) Function in Inflammaging: Do MitomiRs Influence the Energetic, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Status of Senescent Cells?
Authors: Giuliani Angelica , Prattichizzo Francesco , Micolucci Luigina , Ceriello Antonio , Procopio Antonio Domenico , Rippo Maria Rita
Published: December 2017

A relevant feature of aging is chronic low-grade inflammation, termed inflammaging, a key process promoting the development of all major age-related diseases. Senescent cells can acquire the senescence-associated (SA) secretory phenotype (SASP), characterized by the secretion of proinflammatory factors fuelling inflammaging. Cellular senescence is also accompanied by a deep reshaping of microRNA expression and by the modulation of mitochondria activity, both master regulators of the SASP. Here, we synthesize novel findings regarding the role of mitochondria in the SASP and in the inflammaging process and propose a network linking nuclear-encoded SA-miRNAs to mitochondrial gene regulation and function in aging cells. In this conceptual structure, SA-miRNAs can translocate to mitochondria (SA-mitomiRs) and may affect the energetic, oxidative, and inflammatory status of senescent cells. We discuss the potential role of several of SA-mitomiRs (i.e., let-7b, miR-1, miR-130a-3p, miR-133a, miR-146a-5p, miR-181c-5p, and miR-378-5p), using miR-146a as a proof-of-principle model. Finally, we propose a comprehensive, metabolic, and epigenetic view of the senescence process, in order to amplify the range of possible approaches to target inflammaging, with the ultimate goal of decelerating the aging rate, postponing or blunting the development of age-related diseases.
Cigarette Smoking and Adipose Tissue: The Emerging Role in Progression of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wang Zhiyan , Wang Di , Wang Yi
Published: December 2017

Smoking is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis through several underlying pathways. Moreover, in the development of atherosclerotic plaque formation, obesity, defined as excess fat mass accumulation, also plays a vital role in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Substantial evidence shows that cigarette smoking induces multiple pathological effects in adipose tissue, such as differentiation of adipocytes, lipolysis, and secretion properties in adipose tissue. Therefore, there is an emerging speculation in which adipose tissue abnormality induced by smoking or nicotine is likely to accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis. Herein, this review aims to investigate the possible interplay between smoking and adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis.
A Novel Open-Framework Cu-Ge-Based Chalcogenide Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Battery
Authors: Sun Quan , Fu Lin , Shang Chaoqun
Published: December 2017

Open-framework chalcogenides are potential electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their architectures with fast-ion conductivity. Herein, we report on the successful synthesis of open-framework Cu-Ge-based chalcogenides [Cu8Ge6Se19](C5H12N)6 (CGSe) and the research of their energy storage application as SIB anodes for the first time. As a result, the CGSe anode exhibited good electrochemical performances such as high reversible capacity (463.3 mAh g−1), excellent rate performance, and considerable cycling stability. Our exploration not only develops a promising electrode material for SIBs, but also extends the application of open-framework chalcogenides.
Response of Aspergillus niger Inoculated on Tomatoes Exposed to Vapor Phase Mustard Essential Oil for Short or Long Periods and Sensory Evaluation of Treated Tomatoes
Authors: Aguilar-González Ana Elena , Palou Enrique , López-Malo Aurelio
Published: December 2017

The inhibitory effect of mustard essential oil (EO) in vapor phase against Aspergillus niger was evaluated in vitro and in vivo (in tomatoes). Mold response in tomatoes exposed for short or long periods to selected concentrations of mustard EO was also evaluated. Furthermore, a sensory evaluation was also performed among treated tomatoes and compared with nontreated ones. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the studied EO was determined by the inverted Petri dish method. MIC for the in vitro and in vivo tests for mustard EO was of 3.08 μL/Lair. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the effectiveness of vapors of mustard EO against A. niger. The studied EO contains highly volatile organic compounds with strong inhibitory effects, even when applied for short periods, and can consequently be considered a good alternative to traditional synthetic antimicrobials without detriment of selected sensory attributes.
Fixed‐Time Stability Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Novel Adaptive Control
Authors: Liu Maoxing , Wu Jie , Sun Yong-zheng
Published: December 2017

We firstly investigate the fixed‐time stability analysis of uncertain permanent magnet synchronous motors with novel control. Compared with finite‐time stability where the convergence rate relies on the initial permanent magnet synchronous motors state, the settling time of fixed‐time stability can be adjusted to desired values regardless of initial conditions. Novel adaptive stability control strategy for the permanent magnet synchronous motors is proposed, with which we can stabilize permanent magnet synchronous motors within fixed time based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, some simulation and comparison results are given to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Comparison of Oropharyngeal Microbiota from Children with Asthma and Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Boutin Sébastien , Depner Martin , Stahl Mirjam , Graeber Simon Y. , Dittrich Susanne A. , Legatzki Antje , von Mutius Erika , Mall Marcus , Dalpke Alexander H.
Published: December 2017

A genuine microbiota resides in the lungs which emanates from the colonization by the oropharyngeal microbiota. Changes in the oropharyngeal microbiota might be the source of dysbiosis observed in the lower airways in patients suffering from asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF). To examine this hypothesis, we compared the throat microbiota from healthy children (n=62) and that from children with asthma (n=27) and CF (n=57) aged 6 to 12 years using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our results show high levels of similarities between healthy controls and children with asthma and CF revealing the existence of a core microbiome represented byPrevotella,Streptococcus,Neisseria,Veillonella, andHaemophilus. However, in CF, the global diversity, the bacterial load, and abundances of 53 OTUs were significantly reduced, whereas abundances of 6 OTUs representing opportunistic pathogens such asPseudomonas,Staphylococcus, andStreptococcuswere increased compared to those in healthy controls controls and asthmatics. Our data reveal a core microbiome in the throat of healthy children that persists in asthma and CF indicating shared host regulation favoring growth of commensals. Furthermore, we provide evidence for dysbiosis with a decrease in diversity and biomass associated with the presence of known pathogens consistent with impaired host defense in children with CF.
Numerical Simulation of Galvanic Corrosion between Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel in a Bolted Joint
Authors: Radouani Rachid , Echcharqy Younes , Essahli Mohamed
Published: December 2017

The galvanic corrosion of a bolt joint combining carbon steel end plate and low alloy steel bolt was investigated electrochemically in a 1 M HCl solution. The corrosion parameters of the joint components were used for numerical simulation using Comsol Multiphysics software to analyze the galvanic corrosion behavior at the contact zone between the head bolt and the end plate. In this research work we evaluate the variation of the corrosion rate in the steel end plate considered as the anode, in order to determine the lifetime of the bolted assembly used in steel structures. Three materials (20MnCr5, 42CrMo4, and 32CrMoV13) and three bolts (M12, M16, and M20) were tested in two thicknesses of electrolyte 1 M HCl (e = 1 mm, e = 20 mm). It is found that the corrosion rate of the anode part (end plate) is higher for 32CrMoV13 materials and it increases if both diameter of the bolt and thickness of the electrolyte increase (Cr(M20) > Cr(M16) > Cr(M12) and Cr(e = 20 mm) > Cr(e = 1 mm)). This corrosion rate is higher in the contact area between the bolt head and the end plate, and it decreases if we move away from this contact area.
Relative Humidity Dependent Resistance Switching of Bi2S3Nanowires
Authors: Meija Raimonds , Kunakova Gunta , Prikulis Juris , Varghese Justin M. , Holmes Justin D. , Erts Donats
Published: December 2017

Electrical properties of Bi2S3nanowires grown using a single source precursor in anodic aluminum oxide templates are sensitive to the relative humidity in an inert gas environment. Dynamic sensing dependency is obtained and shows presence of spontaneous resistance switching effect between low and high relative humidity states. Employing the thermionic field emission theory, heights of Schottky barriers are estimated from the current-voltage characteristics and in relation to the humidity response. The change of Schottky barrier height is explained by local changes in physically adsorbed water molecules on the surface of the nanowire.
Significant Cytokine mRNA Expression Changes Immediately after Initiation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Braunstein Mareen , Williamson Martina , Kusmenkov Thomas , Landes Jürgen , Biberthaler Peter , Kanz Karl-Georg , Böcker Wolfgang , Bogner Viktoria
Published: December 2017

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate immunological changes following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). mRNA expression levels of selected immunomodulatory cytokines in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors were detected and correlated to clinical parameter. Methods. OHCA survivors with sustained unconsciousness after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were included. PAXgene whole blood samples were drawn immediately after initiation of CPR and subsequently after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1ra mRNA levels were quantified by RT-qPCR and compared to multiple organ failure, 30-day survival, and the induction of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Results. 25 patients (63 ± 15 years) were enrolled presenting a characteristic time-dependent cytokine profile in the early postresuscitation period. High initial TNF-alpha and IL-8 mRNA levels were followed by a significant decrease. IL-1ra mRNA levels significantly increased beginning after 6 h. Nonsurvivors showed significantly higher IL-8 mRNA levels immediately after CPR. TH induced significantly higher IL-1ra mRNA levels compared to normothermia. Conclusion. Significant mRNA cytokine expression changes are already detectable immediately after initiation of CPR. These expressional changes are significantly different depending on 30-day survival. TH seems to attenuate proinflammatory immune reaction by a significant increase of IL-1ra mRNA levels. This trial is registered with DRKS00012940.
Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing of Cellular Effects under Hypoxic Conditions and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition
Authors: Stanica Luciana , Rosu-Hamzescu Mihnea , Gheorghiu Mihaela , Stan Miruna , Antonescu Loredana , Polonschii Cristina , Gheorghiu Eugen
Published: December 2017

Tumor hypoxia provides a dynamic environment for the cancer cells to thrive and metastasize. Evaluation of cell growth, cell-cell, and cell surface interactions in hypoxic conditions is therefore highly needed in the establishment of treatment options. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) has been traditionally used in the evaluation of cellular platforms as a real-time, label-free impedance-based method to study the activities of cells grown in tissue cultures, but its application for hypoxic environments is seldom reported. We present real-time evaluation of hypoxia-induced bioeffects with a focus on hypoxic pH regulation of tumor environment. To this end, multiparametric real-time bioanalytical platform using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and human colon cancer HT-29 cells is advanced. A time series of EIS data enables monitoring with high temporal resolution the alterations occurring within the cell layer, especially at the cell-substrate level. We reveal the dynamic changes of cellular processes during hypoxic conditions and in response to application of acetazolamide (AZA), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Optical evaluation and pH assessment complemented the electrical analysis towards establishing a pattern of cellular changes. The proposed bioanalytical platform indicates wide applicability towards evaluation of bioeffects of hypoxia at cellular level.
Oxidation Resistance of the Sulfur Amino Acids: Methionine and Cysteine
Authors: Bin Peng , Huang Ruilin , Zhou Xihong
Published: December 2017

Sulfur amino acids are a kind of amino acids which contain sulfhydryl, and they play a crucial role in protein structure, metabolism, immunity, and oxidation. Our review demonstrates the oxidation resistance effect of methionine and cysteine, two of the most representative sulfur amino acids, and their metabolites. Methionine and cysteine are extremely sensitive to almost all forms of reactive oxygen species, which makes them antioxidative. Moreover, methionine and cysteine are precursors of S-adenosylmethionine, hydrogen sulfide, taurine, and glutathione. These products are reported to alleviate oxidant stress induced by various oxidants and protect the tissue from the damage. However, the deficiency and excess of methionine and cysteine in diet affect the normal growth of animals; thereby a new study about defining adequate levels of methionine and cysteine intake is important.
Brain-Mimetic 3D Culture Platforms Allow Investigation of Cooperative Effects of Extracellular Matrix Features on Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Xiao Weikun , Zhang Rongyu , Sohrabi Alireza , Ehsanipour Arshia , Sun Songping , Liang Jesse , Walthers Christopher M. , Ta Lisa , Nathanson David A. , Seidlits Stephanie K.
Published: December 2017

Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors exhibit potentially actionable genetic alterations against which targeted therapies have been effective in treatment of other cancers. However, these therapies have largely failed in GBM patients. A notable example is kinase inhibitors of EGFR, which display poor clinical efficacy despite overexpression and/or mutation of EGFR in >50% of GBM. In addressing this issue, preclinical models may be limited by the inability to accurately replicate pathophysiologic interactions of GBM cells with unique aspects of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), which is relatively enriched in hyaluronic acid (HA) and flexible. In this study, we present a brain-mimetic biomaterial ECM platform for 3D culturing of patient-derived GBM cells, with improved pathophysiologic properties as an experimental model. Compared with orthotopic xenograft assays, the novel biomaterial cultures we developed better preserved the physiology and kinetics of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibition than gliomasphere cultures. Orthogonal modulation of both HA content and mechanical properties of biomaterial scaffolds was required to achieve this result. Overall, our findings show how specific interactions between GBM cell receptors and scaffold components contribute significantly to resistance to the cytotoxic effects of EGFR inhibition.

Significance: Three-dimensional culture scaffolds of glioblastoma provide a better physiological representation over current methods of patient-derived cell culture and xenograft models. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1358–70. ©2017 AACR.
A first record of the Bentfin Devil Ray Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908) (Myliobatiformes: Mobulidae) from the Indian EEZ of the Andaman Sea
Authors: Shirke Swapnil Shivdas , Nashad M. , Sukham Monalisha Devi , Pradeep H. D.
Published: December 2017

This manuscript deals with the Bent-fin Devil Ray Mobula thurstoni for its first time occurrence in the Andaman & Nicobar waters around the Indian EEZ which is a new locality record confirming the range extension of the species to the southeast of Bay of Bengal (the Andaman Sea).  A female specimen of 318mm disc length and weighing 2.47Kg was caught by a multiday bottom trawler operated off North Bay and was landed at Junglighat fishing harbour, South Andaman.  A detailed diagnostic description and morphometric measurements of M. thurstoni is provided.  For the first time this species has been described from Indian waters and compared with the other related species, and so documenting its first occurrence in the Andaman & Nicobar waters.
Preliminary checklist of springtails (Arthropoda: Collembola) of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav Ramesh Singh
Published: December 2017

Collembola, the fauna of a hidden habitat, are symbols of soil health. A survey of Collembolan fauna in different habitats in different regions of Uttar Pradesh was carried out from 2008 to 2010.  Thirty-seven species were captured belonging to 27 genera from eight subfamilies of eight different families.  Thirteen species are first reports from India and from Uttar Pradesh.  The subfamily Entomobryinae (27.03%) was dominant whereas the subfamily Isotminae had maximum diversity.
Ichthyofauna of Udayasamudram Reservoir in Nalgonda District, Telangana
Authors: Shyamsundar Rachamalla , Krishna Prasad Kante , Srinivasulu Chelmala
Published: December 2017

The present paper discusses about the diversity of fish fauna in Udayasamudram Reservoir in Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India. Surveys were conducted from March 2013 to February 2016, and fish specimens were collected to study the diversity. A total of 38 species of fishes belonging to seven orders, 15 families and 32 genera were identified. Order Cypriniformes dominated with 14 species followed by Perciformes with 10 species, Siluriformes with nine species, Beloniformes with two species, Osteoglossiformes, Synbranchiformes and Anguilliformes with one species each. The result of this study revealed that Udayasamudram reservoir supports diverse fish population. Therefore, it needs proper management and utilization of fish wealth. We present the checklist of Ichthyofauna of Udayasamudram reservoir fort the first time.
Largest fungal fruit body from India
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Mehra Prahlad Singh , Harsh N.S.K. , Pandey Amit , Pandey Vijay Vardhan
Published: December 2017

A giant fungal fruit body of Phellinus pachyphloeus (Pat.) Pat. was recorded from Dehradun.  Till date it is the largest fungal fruit body ever recorded from India and second from the world.
The persistence of the Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) as a predator of Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz, 1829 (Reptilia: Testudines: Cheloniidae) eggs
Authors: Karnad Divya
Published: December 2017

A few records of the Striped Hyena Hyaena hyaena, a Near Threatened species, suggest that it can survive along coasts, preying on intertidal fauna.  This record updates earlier information about the presence of the Striped Hyena preying on the Rushikulya Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea mass-nesting beach to show that the hyena persists in this human-dominated landscape.  In addition, it provides details of the first direct sighting of the Striped Hyena feeding on sea turtle eggs.  The implications of the presence of this predator for conservation and coastal development are discussed.
Dragonflies and damselflies of University of North Bengal campus, West Bengal, India with new distribution record of Agriocnemis kalinga Nair & Subramanian, 2014
Authors: Pal Aaratrik
Published: December 2017

A study was made to determine the present status of the diversity of the dragonflies and damselflies from University of North Bengal campus and its surroundings.  The study shows the presence of total 69 species of odonates belonging to 41 genera and nine families from the area.  Agriocnemis kalinga Nair & Subramanian, 2014 is recorded for the first time from northern Bengal.
Review and analysis of human and Mugger Crocodile conflict in Gujarat, India from 1960 to 2013
Authors: Vyas Raju , Stevenson Colin
Published: December 2017

Human-Crocodile conflict (HCC) occurs to varying degrees around the World, and with a number of crocodilian species (CrocBITE 2013).  The Mugger or Marsh Crocodile Crocodylus palustris found in Gujarat State is the crocodilian species responsible for conflict with local people.  This paper is a compilation of HCC occurring in various parts of Gujarat from 1960 to 2013.  A total of 64 crocodile attacks were recorded: 44 (24 fatal & 20 non-fatal) on males, and 20 (9 fatal & 11 non-fatal) on females.  By region 52 HCC were recorded in central Gujarat; five in Saurashtra, four in the northern region and three in Kutch; no crocodile attacks were recorded in southern Gujarat.   Of the two major river systems in central Gujarat, 41 attacks occurred within the Vishwamitri-Dhadhar River System and 11 in the Narmada system.  Most crocodile attacks happened between the months of April and September, peaking in May with 14 attacks.  These months are the peak breeding season for the species in Gujarat.  The most obvious contributors to HCC are lack of basic facilities in rural areas, poverty, illiteracy and the presence of adult animals close to human settlements and activities.  Other contributing factors are lack of preventive measures by the forest department, absence of protocols for mugger crocodile rescue, and haphazard release of problematic animals.
Changes in Clergy Belief and Practice in Canada’s Largest Pentecostal Denomination
Authors: Stewart Adam , Gabriel Andrew K. , Shanahan Kevin
Published: December 2017

In 1985/86, Carl Verge conducted a survey of clergy belief and practice within The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOC). In 2014, Adam Stewart and Andrew Gabriel conducted a follow-up survey of PAOC clergy to determine if any changes to belief and practice had occurred within this group during the last three decades. In this article we, first, describe the methodologies used in both surveys, second, compare and discuss the relationship between graduate education in religion and clergy belief and practice in 1985/86 and 2014, and, third, describe the overall decrease that has occurred in clergy commitment to traditional Pentecostal belief and practice since 1985/86. Finally, we conclude by proposing a theoretical framework developed by the sociologist of religion Peter Berger that helps to explain the change in commitment to traditional modes of pentecostal belief and practice among PAOC clergy as part of much broader realignments occurring across numerous religious traditions in late modern society.
“I Do Not Think I Could be a Christian on My Own”
Authors: Kuhlin Julia
Published: December 2017

In this article, I explore how eight female Pentecostals express their everyday religion in contemporary Sweden. This article indicates that a shift has taken place in religious practice in Swedish Pentecostalism from earlier decades. The world-rejecting attitude and individual pietistic heritage have been toned down and replaced by what I will term a relational piety that emphasizes the relational side of being “Christ-like” and encourages adherents to practice their everyday religion together. The informants depended on their family, friends, congregation, and Christian networks to maintain and deepen their religiosity and Christian lifestyle. The study is also an example of a broadly gender-equal expression of Pentecostalism and points to the movement’s ability to adjust to different contexts.
A Typology of Ethnic Minorities in Armenia
Authors: Schulze Ilona
Published: December 2017

The term “minority” mainly refers to ethnicity and group size without taking into account that the groups referred to as minoritarian may show structural similarities and differences that allow their grouping along specific parameters. In this paper I will show that historical and present political and socio-cultural influences have an impact on the shape of the minorities of Armenia. The relevant parameters identified in this paper allow both to group minorities along similarities and, at the same time, account for their special structure and their future prospects.
Yezdistan versus Kurdistan: Another Legend on the Origin of the Yezidis
Authors: Arakelova Victoria
Published: December 2017

The paper focuses on the analysis of the term Yezdistan (Ēzdīstān) attested in a Yezidi legend, having obvious parallels with the Shahnameh’s “Tale of Zahhak”. It is particularly interesting that this plot does not occur in any of the Kurmanji versions of the Shahnameh ever recorded in Armenia and represents, in fact, a separate legend out of the epic context.
The Chechen Conflict
Authors: ten Dam Caspar
Published: December 2017

The review article analyses several key publications on the Chechen conflict in the light of the portraits of Maskhadov and other prominent figures of the post-1991 Chechen insurgencies, with a view on the inner controversies between secularist and jihadist wings of this anti-Russian separatist movement.
Acceptilatio. Hugo Grotius on Satisfaction
Authors: Magliano-Tromp Johannes
Published: December 2017

In 1617, Hugo Grotius had his treatise On satisfaction published. Explicitly directed against Faustus Socinus’s 1594 book On Jesus Christ as our Saviour, it purports to contribute to the confutation of the Italian scholar’s teachings, which in the Netherlands were widely regarded as utterly heretical. The way in which he perceived Socinus, however, was mainly determined by the image of Socinianism as disseminated by its detractors, foremost Sibrandus Lubbertus of Franeker. Grotius did read Socinus’s work, but not with much care, and at least unaccommodatingly. The reason for Grotius to intervene in this theological debate is often assumed to have been to vindicate his and his ecclesiastical party’s views on religion as orthodox, or at least far removed from Socinianism and other heresies. In contrast, it is proposed here to take the explicit motivation in the preface at face value, and assume that Grotius wrote it to refute Socinus on the basis of his juridical, philological, and historical errors, simply because he could, and genuinely abhorred Socinianism as he had learned to understand it.
Having Made Peace through the Blood of the Cross
Authors: Schrage Eltjo
Published: December 2017

In his Defensio fidei catholicae de satisfactione Christi adversus Faustum Socinum Senensem Grotius makes use of sources taken from Roman law. We discuss three examples and ask the question whether something may be said about the weight of the arguments Grotius has taken from Roman law, mainly the Digest. The first one relates to his belief that it is a matter of public interest that crimes do not remain unpunished and he calls this argument even a trivial commonplace: Hoc enim iudicare videtur trita sententia delicta puniri publice interest. (2) The second example is Grotius’s thesis that si alio animo alius idem solvat, liberatio non contingit. (3) The third example is his thesis that ex Romanorum legibus … poenae variantur pro conditione personarum which he also justifies with an impressive number of references. The conclusion is that Grotius uses these arguments, as if they were propositions suitable to function as part of the theological construction apt to rebut the views of Socinus, but for that purpose Grotius´s quotations are generally taken out of their original context and landed on a sort of Procrustean bed of his theological presuppositions.
Too Subtle to Satisfy Many: Was Grotius’s Teleology of Punishment Predestined to Fail?
Authors: Geddert Jeremy Seth
Published: December 2017

Most readers believe Grotius failed to refute Socinus in De satisfactione. This article argues that Grotius’s failure was one of reception rather than argument. It is possible to read De satisfactione as Grotius adverted: a genuine (if subtle) concept of satisfaction, and a defence of the (small-c) catholic faith. Grotius does reject a necessitarian identical satisfaction, in which a repayment is equal to a debt, but like Aquinas, he embraces a teleological equivalent satisfaction, in which a punishment fits a crime. Yet Grotius’s catholic theory was predestined not to persuade a wartime Continental audience whose centre had not held and which sought definitive distinctions from the Roman church. His attempt to forge a broad middle way would succeed only later in Britain.
Grotius and Kant on Original Community of Goods and Property
Authors: Loriaux Sylvie
Published: December 2017

This paper is interested in the critical potential of the idea of original common possession of the Earth. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Hugo Grotius and Immanuel Kant, it shows how different the meaning of this idea can be within a theory of property or territory. The first part is devoted to Grotius’s account of why and how the institution of property was progressively introduced. It highlights the importance this account attaches to the intention of the first distributors for a good understanding of property laws, and in particular, for an understanding of their non-application in situations of extreme necessity. The second part takes the opposite path and shows that although Kant rejects the very existence of a right of necessity, the idea that one might be liberated from a law is not completely absent from, and even plays a crucial role in, his account of property. Clarification of this role ultimately leads us back to the idea of original possession in common of the Earth.
Grotius, Necessity and the Sixteenth-Century Scholastic Tradition
Authors: Wauters Bart
Published: December 2017

The essay investigates elements of sixteenth-century scholastic thought that have played a role in Grotius’s doctrine of necessity: the nature of the rights of the person in extreme need; the relation of the right of necessity to self-preservation; the compact that lies at the origin of property rights; and finally the obligation of restitution once the emergency is over. Grotius did not develop the doctrine of necessity as an abstract principle about the relationship between private property and subsistence rights. Instead, he used it primarily as a normative principle on permissible behavior in times of war. The comparison with sixteenth-century thought and the practical purposes for which he developed the principle help to understand better the Grotian conception about the subjective nature of the right of necessity and its normative foundation.
Hugo Grotius in Dialogue with His Colleagues
Authors: Janssen Lydia
Published: December 2017

In his Historia Gotthorum (1655), Hugo Grotius set up a Swedish ‘Gothic myth’, a powerful historiographical construct aimed at increasing Swedish prestige by identifying the ancient Swedish as the forebears of the late antique Goths, Vandals and Lombards. Entering into dialogue with fellow historiographers was vital to this venture. The ‘Prolegomena’ to Historia Gotthorum are accordingly marked by an extensive polemical dimension. A critical discourse analysis of both explicit and hidden polemics in this text reveals a clever combination of scholarly argumentation on the basis of historical evidence and strategic image-building to convince the reader. Furthermore, Grotius regularly drew on the works of contemporary colleagues for his historical evidence. The present article sheds light on the various argumentation strategies deployed in the ‘Prolegomena’ to Historia Gotthorum and the role of early modern historiographical texts as treasure troves of historical knowledge. This not only offers further insight into Grotius’s historiographical practice, but also provides an excellent example of how early modern historical writers interacted with the texts of their immediate colleagues.
Prince Rostislav in the Court of Béla iv
Authors: Font Márta
Published: December 2017

During the Mongol invasion Prince of Chernihiv Mikhail and his son Rostislav fled to the Hungarian Kingdom. Rostislav Mikhailovich married Anna, the daughter of Hungarian King Béla iv. After the unsuccessful campaign in Halych (1245) Rostislav remained in Hungary in a special status, as the son-in-law of the king, living at the royal court. In accordance with this status he was created a special post, dominus de Macho. Rostislav’s dealings covered much of Eastern Europe, from Little Poland to Bulgaria and from Halych to Bohemia.

Looking at Rostislav from the perspective of the Hungarian royal family, it is significant that throughout he appears as his father-in-law’s unconditional follower: he participated in Béla’s military campaigns and realised Béla’s project in the south, but in the royal court it was not he but his wife Anna who was unusually active. Anna’s position in court was strengthened by differences in age: Stephen was more than ten years older and the younger brother Béla was the same age as Anna’s children. Anna and Rostislav, and in the 1260s their sons, were clearly on the side of Béla as opposed to the younger King Stephen.
The “Judaic-Reasoning Novgorod Heretics” and Some Echoes of Spain in Late Medieval Russia
Authors: Goldfrank David
Published: December 2017

In October 1490 Archbishop Gennadii of Novgorod sent a report from the Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) envoy of the Spanish Inquisition to the new Metropolitan of Moscow Zosima. This was in the light of the upcoming synod trial of the accused “Judaic-reasoning Novgorod Heretics,” some of whom Gennadii was then empowered to subject to a humiliating auto-da-fé, without, however, any executions. The overall manuscript evidence indicates that Gennadii’s “judaizing” charges must be taken cum grano salis, that Russian churchmen were clearly concerned with other challenges to Orthodoxy, and the Russian Church’s relationship to Jewish texts was not uniformly hostile. But the report, if quite inaccurate, did have some effect in Russia, even though Russia’s inquisitional proceedings were unique to local conditions and traditions and evinced little influence from any part of the Roman Catholic world. Gennadii’s report dangled the prospects of several thousand immolations and accompanying lucrative property confiscation to the benefit of the royal fisc, but the Russian authorities of the day actually found few such culprits worthy of imprisonment and execution—this in contrast to the former Novgorod Republic’s immense church lands, many of which the state seized and converted into pomest’ia, that is service tenures.
Ann Kleimola and the Socius Honoris Causa (2012, Budapest)
Authors: Gyimesi Zsuszanna
Published: December 2017

On 21 May 2012 in Budapest, at the opening ceremony of the international conference “Historians and the World – the World of Historians in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe,” the fifth Socius Honoris Causa title was awarded to a very special person from the United States: Ann M. Kleimola. The following speech was presented as professor Kleimola’s Laudation when the award was given out.
Hierarchy of Hierarchies: Muscovite Society during the Reign of Ivan iv
Authors: Halperin Charles J.
Published: December 2017

Muscovite society during the reign of Ivan iv was hierarchical. Each social class stood in a position of superiority or inferiority toward every other social class. However, each social class also had its own hierarchy of sub-classes. This article examines the internal social pyramids of elite lay society, the dynasty, the boyars, the princes, the gentry, and the secretaries. It concludes that by the sixteenth century, Muscovite society already possessed a complex and sophisticated social structure.
The Trinity-Danilov Monastery: Cathedral Frescoes
Authors: Brumfield William Craft
Published: December 2017

The mid-seventeenth-century frescoes at the Trinity Cathedral, Trinity Danilov Monastery in Pereslavl-Zalesskii, are among the major works of late medieval Russian monumental art. Of special interest is the cycle portraying elements from the Apocalypse from the Book of Revelation. Painted at a time of great turbulence in the Russian Church and in Russian society, these frescoes join other cycles of the period in depicting a general cataclysm.
New DepoDur Presents Unique Challenges; JCAHO NPSG Survey Change; “Daily” OK, but “QD” is Not; Similar but Different
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: December 2017

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Patient's Death Due to Another Case of Glycemic Control Problems with a Fluoroquinolone; Acute MI after OTC Pseudoephedrine Use; Asterixis Related to Gabapentin Results in Patient Falls; Antiseptic Bath Emollient Causes Acute Irritant Reaction to Genitalia; Peripheral Neuropathy with New Antifungal; Debilitating Muscle Cramps after Teriparatide Therapy Psychiatric Effects of Ephedra Use
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), to discuss methods of prevention, and to promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Methotrexate Neurotoxicity Causes Speech Problem; Severe, Irreversible Sensory Neuropathy Due to Long-Term Use of Linezolid; Hypomania with Topiramate; Bortezomib-Induced Hepatitis; Steroid Dementia – An Overlooked Diagnosis?; Promethazine Warning; Medication Discrepancies at the Time of Hospital Admission; Medication-Induced Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Shuster Joel
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), to discuss methods of prevention, and to promote reporting of ADRs to the FDA's medWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting preventable ADR to medWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Capecitabine plus Oxaliplatin (XelOx/CapOx) Regimen for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Moussavian Parvaneh , Solimando Dominic A. , Waddell J. Aubrey
Published: December 2017

The increasing complexity of cancer chemotherapy heightens the requirement that pharmacists be familiar with these highly toxic agents. This column will review various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of cancer chemotherapy. It will also serve as a review of various agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Combination Statin/Ezetimibe Therapy for the Treatment of Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Gryskiewicz Kristen A. , Coleman Craig I. , Gillespie Effie L. , White C. Michael
Published: December 2017

Purpose

Although statins have been shown to reduce LDL-C and coronary heart disease risk, it is not uncommon for patients to fail to reach NCEP ATP III goals. Some statins cannot lower LDL-C sufficiently; others cannot be titrated optimally due to drug interactions and adverse effects. Concomitant ezetimibe administration can augment LDL-C reduction over statin monotherapy; however, multidrug therapy may result in additional expense.

Methods

We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) from the hospital perspective including all FDA approved statins alone (fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, or atorvastatin) or the following statins plus ezetimibe: lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, or atorvastatin. LDL-C lowering efficacy was determined from clinical trials. Our institution's actual acquisition cost was used to approximate drug cost (US $2,004) for each statin dose alone and with ezetimibe. To test the robustness of our results a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted varying both the cost of drug and percent LDL-C reduction efficacy.

Results

For patients requiring less than or equal to 40% reduction from baseline in LDL-C, lovastatin 10, 20, or 40 mg, or fluvastatin 80 mg would appear to be reasonable choices based upon both efficacy and cost data. For reductions in LDL-C in the range of greater than 40%; simvastatin 40 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg was found to be most cost effective; although, simvastatin 80 mg, rosuvastatin 20 or 40 mg, or simvastatin 80 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg appear to be reasonably cost-effective as well. These results were not found to be robust to variations in drug cost and LDL-C reduction.

Conclusion

When smaller reductions in LDL-C are required (less than 40%), drug cost is the variable that most significantly drives cost effectiveness; however, when larger LDL-C reductions are required, LDL-C lowering capacity is the single most important factor in determining cost-effectiveness of the lipid-lowering therapies. The addition of ezetimibe becomes most cost-effective when larger reductions are required.
Role of Clinical Pharmacist in a Heart Failure Clinic
Authors: Singh-Franco Devada , Li Leanne , Hannah Stan , Diamond Morton
Published: December 2017

Purpose

To determine if the inclusion of a clinical pharmacist (CP) in a heart failure (HF) multidisciplinary team could lead to a reduction in the number of hospital admissions and additionally decrease the clinical signs and symptoms of HF patients with either Medicaid or no medical insurance.

Methods

Longitudinal study to determine the impact of a pharmaceutical-care service program to HF patients by comparing the 9-month period before (pre-intervention) and the 9-month period after (post-intervention) implementation of the program. The intervention of the CP was directed in two complementary functions. The first was direct patient contact and the second was to provide drug information to the medical clinicians.

Results

Twenty-nine outpatients completed the study. Over 9 months, the CP made a total of 216 interventions and had three in-person, follow-up contacts and three telephone contacts per patient. At post-intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in the total number of hospitalizations (50 vs 23; P < 0.018) and length of stay (LOS) (263 days vs 108 days; P < 0.03). However, there was an insignificant reduction in HF hospitalizations, LOS, and total number of HF signs and symptoms.

Conclusions

Addition of a CP to an outpatient HF clinic can lead to fewer hospital admissions and a reduction in the LOS in patients with either Medicaid or no medical insurance.
Ellipsis of Shared Subjects and Direct Objects from Subsequent Predications in Earlier Egyptian*
Authors: Peust Carsten
Published: December 2017

In this paper I discuss subject and object ellipsis from the second of two linked predications, where predication is meant as a cover term for both finite clauses and infinite verbal formations. Two different types of ellipsis are described. The first type is realized by using either hr + infinitive or a stative, these constructions occurring in complementary distribution. I show that this kind of ellipsis is equally possible for subjects and objects. This feature distinguishes Egyptian from European languages, where subjects are preferred targets for ellipsis. The possibility for the subject and the object to be elided together is particularly noteworthy and has not been adequately recognized to date. A second type of ellipsis is characterized by omission of the pronominal subject in verb forms of the sdm=f conjugation. This construction is more restricted in use and is found only in a chain of clauses that are largely parallel in structure.
The Naturalistic Experiment
Authors: Heath Christian , Luff Paul
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we discuss ways in which quasi-naturalistic experiments can contribute to the analysis of social interaction in organizations and our understanding of practice, materiality, and technology. We focus on the contributions of two different types of naturalistic experiments that draw on audiovisual recordings. We discuss how these forms of experiment increasingly form part of a program of qualitative research and the ways in which they contribute both to organization analysis as well as more applied concerns such as the assessment of communicative practice and the design of advanced technologies.
Going out, sociability, and cultural distinctions
Authors: Törrönen Jukka , Maunu Antti
Published: December 2017

■ Aim

Pubs are focal stages of sociability. This article investigates the identifications and distinctions between us and them, made by young Finns talking about their own behaviour in pubs, and the pubs they like and dislike.

■ Data & Method

The data consists of 117 interviews with 23 to 35-year-old young Finnish adults who work in business or administration. The method applies classification analysis and is influenced by the structuralist, semiotic, and rhetoric traditions.

■ Results

The analysis shows that many of the interviewees' classifications involve distancing themselves from those people that go to ‘superficial' pubs. The interviewees distinguish themselves from those frequenting superficial places by classifying the interactions there as false and stiff, and contrary to a genuine and relaxed sociability. With these distinctions the interviewees do not aim to distinguish themselves as above' others. Instead, they define themselves as ordinary people by separating themselves from people who are fake, pretentious, or too faddish.

■ Conclusions

[This] opposition to superficiality and the emphasis on authenticity is reminiscent of Rousseau's criticism of trivial needs. The interviewees seem to define sociability in pubs in a way that valorises the virtues of ordinariness and modesty.