bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of organisational-level workplace mental health interventions on mental health and wellbeing in construction workers: A systematic review and recommended research agenda
Authors: Greiner Birgit A. , Leduc Caleb , O’Brien Cliodhna , Cresswell-Smith Johanna , Rugulies Reiner , Wahlbeck Kristian , Abdulla Kahar , Amann Benedikt L. , Pashoja Arlinda Cerga , Coppens Evelien , Corcoran Paul , Maxwell Margaret , Ross Victoria , de Winter Lars , Arensman Ella , Aust Birgit
Published: November 2022

Objectives

This systematic review assesses the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of organisational-level workplace mental health interventions on stress, burnout, non-clinical depressive and anxiety symptoms, and wellbeing in construction workers.

Methods

Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCTs), controlled or uncontrolled before- and after studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and May 2022 in five databases (Academic Search Complete, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). Outcomes were stress, burnout and non-clinical depression and anxiety symptoms, and wellbeing (primary) and workplace changes and sickness absenteeism (secondary). Quality appraisal was conducted using the QATQS scale, a narrative synthesis was applied. The protocol was published in PROSPERO CRD42020183640 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020183640.

Main results

We identified five articles (four studies) with a total sample size of 260, one cRCT, one controlled before- and after study, and two uncontrolled before- and after studies. The methodological quality of one study was rated as moderate, while for three studies it was weak. One study showed significant effects of a work redesign programme in short-term physiological stress parameters, one study showed a significant employee perceived improvement of information flow after supervisor training and one study showed a substantial non-significant decline in sick leave. There was no significant effect on general mental health (SF12) nor on emotional exhaustion. The focus of all studies was on physical health, while detailed mental health and wellbeing measures were not applied.

Main conclusions

The evidence for the effectiveness of organisational-level workplace mental health interventions in construction workers is limited with opportunities for methodological and conceptual improvement. Recommendations include the use of a wider range of mental health and wellbeing outcomes, interventions tailored to the specific workplace and culture in construction and the application of the principles of complex interventions in design and evaluation.
Flower-fruit dynamics, visitor-predator patterns and chemical preferences in the tropical bamboo, Melocanna baccifera
Authors: Koshy Konnath Chacko , Gopakumar Bhaskaran , Sebastian Antony , S. Ajikumaran Nair , Johnson Anil John , Govindan Balaji , Baby Sabulal
Published: November 2022

Mast seeding and associated events in Melocanna baccifera, the largest fruit producing bamboo, is an enigma. So far there are no comprehensive accounts on its flowering phenology, fruiting dynamics and animal interactions. In this study, spanning over 13 years (2009 to 2022), we observed eight M. baccifera clumps in JNTBGRI Bambusetum from flowering initiation, fruiting to eventual death. Flowering phenology, floral characteristics, floret types, breeding system, bee visitation, pollination, fruit production and predators were recorded; predation patterns were correlated with fruit chemistry. Flowering duration of clumps ranged from 20 (March 2009—October 2010) to 120 (September 2012—August 2022) months. Bisexual florets are dichogamous and protogynous; and female duration (22–72 h) is many times higher than male duration (2–6 h). The highest ever fruit production for an individual bamboo clump (456.67 Kg) was recorded. Of the total fallen fruits (38371), 38.11% were predated, 43.80% good fruits (no predator hits) and 18.09% immature fruits. A positive correlation between reward (fruits) versus predation was observed, especially in short intervals of high fruit production. Pollen predators (Apis cerana indica, Halictus taprabonae, Braunsapis cupulifera, Trigona iridipennis), fruit predators, ranging from arthropods to mammals, viz., millipede (Spinotarsus colosseus), slug (Mariaella dussumieri), snails (Cryptozona bistrialis, Macrochlamys sp.), borers (Achroia grisella, Blattella germanica), mammals (monkeys Macaca radiata, rats Rattus rattus, porcupine Hystrix indica, wild boar Sus scrofa, palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), seedling predators (rabbit Lepus nigricollis, deer Axis axis), and insect/pest predators (ants Crematogaster biroi, Oecophylla smaragdina, mantis Euchomenella indica) were identified. Fruit predation is linked to its age and chemistry. Apart from new insights on flowering phenology, breeding system, pollination and fruiting dynamics, this study demonstrates the vibrant interaction between M. baccifera flowers/fruits and visitors/predators, and provides significant leads towards elucidating the cause of rat multiplication and other events associated with its gregarious flowering.
Midgut membrane protein BmSUH facilitates Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus oral infection
Authors: Liang Yanting , Xu Weifan , Zhou Yanyan , Gao Yun , Tian Huan , Wu Xiaofeng , Xu Yusong , Wang Huabing
Published: November 2022

Baculoviruses are virulent pathogens that infect a wide range of insects. They initiate infections via specific interactions between the structural proteins on the envelopes of occlusion-derived virions (ODVs) and the midgut cell surface receptors in hosts. However, host factors that are hijacked by baculoviruses for efficient infection remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified a membrane-associated protein sucrose hydrolase (BmSUH) as an ODV binding factor during Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) primary infection. BmSUH was specifically expressed in the midgut microvilli where the ODV-midgut fusion happened. Knockout of BmSUH by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a significantly higher survival rate after BmNPV orally infection. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that PIF protein complex required for ODV binding could interact with BmSUH. Furthermore, fluorescence dequenching assay showed that the amount of ODV binding and fusion to the midgut decreased in BmSUH mutants compared to wild-type silkworm, suggesting the role of BmSUH as an ODV binding factor that mediates the ODV entry process. Based on a multilevel survey, the data showed that BmSUH acted as a host factor that facilitates BmNPV oral infection. More generally, this study indicated that disrupting essential protein-protein interactions required for baculovirus efficient entry may be broadly applicable to against viral infection.
FREQUENCY OF MODERATE TO SEVERE BIRTH ASPHYXIA OF NEWBORNS AND ITS RISK FACTORS AT TWO MAJOR HOSPITALS OF KOHAT
Authors: JAMIL LAILA
Published: November 2022

Asphyxia is defined as lack of oxygen (hypoxia) due to failure of initiation of breathing. A condition during the perinatal period that severely reduces oxygen delivery and leads to acidosis. A lack of oxygen or an excess of carbon dioxide caused by the interruption in breathing, is the result of the failure of the gas exchange organ. Asphyxia continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period (WHO).
Uma breve revisão do Novo Consenso Macroeconômico a partir da crise de 2007/08: questionamentos internos acerca da condução da política econômica pós-crise
Authors: Saraiva Paulo José
Published: November 2022

As últimas quatro décadas foram marcadas pela ascensão, hegemonia e revisão do pensamento liberal compendiado no Novo Consenso Macroeconômico. A consolidação de uma “nova síntese” no início dos anos 90 resultou, dentre várias orientações de política econômica, na implantação do regime de metas de inflação em diversos países, na defesa de resultados de uma grande moderação no início dos anos 2000 e na ocorrência da crise financeira a partir de 2007. Contudo, a Revisão do Novo Consenso Macroeconômico nos EUA reavaliou o impacto da crise no arcabouço teórico e na orientação da política econômica. Como resultado, ajustes marginais na condução da política econômica são propostos para lidar com as falhas observadas a partir da crise 2007/08.
Efeitos da presença da internet sobre o mercado de trabalho no setor artístico brasileiro
Authors: Bigliazzi Giovana Cavaggioni , Kuwahara Mônica Yukie , Luisa Gouveia Abras Ana
Published: November 2022

O objetivo é verificar se a presença de internet nos municípios brasileiros estabelece efeitos sobre o mercado de trabalho no setor artístico. Estimam-se os rendimentos e os empregos formais do setor em cada microrregião brasileira em 2000 e 2010 por meio de uma regressão de Mincer. Uma regressão log nível estima o efeito da presença da internet sobre a taxa de crescimento dos rendimentos e dos empregos. Os resultados indicam que a presença de internet nos municípios tem efeitos positivos e significativos, embora de baixa magnitude, sobre o mercado de trabalho artístico, com efeito de formalização maior para mulheres.
Extensão e comunicação
Authors: Brutscher Volmir José , Pereira Ana Maria Sotero , Nunes Cleiton de Barros
Published: November 2022

O objetivo do relato é sistematizar a experiência do Núcleo Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais, da Universidade de Pernambuco, lançando luz sobre o próprio processo. A metodologia se orienta pela análise dialética, que consiste em analisar e compreender a realidade em relação ao todo, em processo histórico e, portanto, em movimento. Apoia-se na concepção de educação popular contemporânea, tendo em Paulo Freire a principal referência teórica. Como resultado, indica algumas categorias que expressam a realidade e o desejo do Núcleo, a saber: o diálogo, a participação, o estar e o aprender com, a consciência de classe, o sonho e a esperança. Como conclusão, aponta para um processo organizativo que assume a dimensão política da educação, tomando posição ao lado dos trabalhadores e dos movimentos populares, na luta por emancipação e transformação.
Úroveň syndrómu vyhorenia a pohľad učiteľov na distančné vzdelávanie počas pandémie Covid-19 na Slovensku
Authors: Kohútová Katarína
Published: November 2022

Cieľom príspevku je identifikovať úroveň syndrómu vyhorenia učiteľov na Slovensku počas distančnej formy vyučovania a zároveň zmapovať skúsenosti a prežívanie učiteľov počas spomínanej formy vyučovania.
Metódy: K výskumným metódam patril Dotazník syndrómu vyhorenia MBI-ED a otvorené otázky. Získané dáta boli analyzované prostredníctvom štatistickej analýzy a kvalitatívneho kódovania.
Výsledky: Štatistická analýza ukázala, že najmä učitelia na druhom stupni základných škôl a stredoškolskí učitelia sú rizikoví z hľadiska syndrómu vyhorenia a jeho ďalšieho prehlbovania. Kvalitatívna analýza odhalila faktory, ktoré učitelia počas distančnej formy vyučovania hodnotili pozitívne i negatívne.
Závery: Determinantom, ktorý pôsobil na vyčerpanie učiteľov počas distančnej formy vyučovania bolo spojenie dvoch faktorov: a) zvýšenie náročnosti na prípravu na vyučovanie a b) nezáujem až ľahostajnosť žiakov k vyučovaciemu procesu. 19 % učiteľov trpí vysokým stupňom syndrómu vyhorenia vo všetkých jeho faktoroch.
(Ne)úspěšné nastartování počátečního čtení
Authors: Nováková Schöffelová Miroslava , Al Haboubi Lucie
Published: November 2022

Zralost a připravenost dětí na školu je velkým tématem učitelské i rodičovské populace. Odborné kruhy diskutují o důležitosti jednotlivých složek školní připravenosti z různých úhlů pohledu. V tomto článku se zaměřujeme na připravenost dětí na čtení. Popisujeme a objasňujeme proces čtení jakožto dovednost vyžadující přípravu a určitý stupeň zvládnutí dovedností, které čtení předcházejí. Tyto dovednosti zasazujeme do kontextu psycholingvistického přístupu. Článek představuje, jaké dovednosti jsou podle tohoto přístupu důležité pro počáteční čtení, a na českých dostupných datech ukazuje, zda a jak dalece těmito dovednostmi děti na počátku čtení disponují. Dále předkládáme výzkumnou studii – obsahovou analýzu přípravného období učebnic počátečního čtení. Cílem studie bylo kvantifikovat a kvalitativně zhodnotit úlohy rozvíjející jednu z dovedností definovaných v úvodní části jako klíčovou pro počáteční čtení (konkrétně fonologické, resp. fonematické uvědomování). Metodou výzkumu je obsahová analýza učebnic počátečního čtení (živých abeced), v prvním kroku přípravného období, ve druhém kroku momentu seznámení s prvním grafémem. Výsledky poukazují na to, že zastoupení této oblasti v přípravném období živých abeced je minimální. Diskuse zasazuje zjištění do kontextu předškolního vzdělávání a navrhuje řešení, které by přineslo lepší kontinuitu v přechodu od preprimárního vzdělávání k primárnímu v oblasti čtení.
Kanon historiograficzny w literaturoznawstwie polsko-ukraińskim XVIII–XX wieku
Authors: Henc Adriana
Published: November 2022

The article investigates the theoretical and practical principles of creating a canon in Polish and Ukrainian historical and literary syntheses in the context of European historiographical traditions. The core criteria of selection of historical and literary material are singled out, and taxonomic tendencies in the histories of literature from the 18th–20th centuries are considered. The main aspects of the canonization of texts in Ukrainian and Polish historiographical corpora are clarified, which are primarily reflected in the formal characteristics, criteria for selecting literary texts, the author’s interpretations, conceptual approaches and the methodological basis. The article articulates the main achievements of literary historians of the 18th–20th centuries, as well as comprehensively defining the methodology for creating a holistic and scientifically sound corpus of the history of Ukrainian and Polish literature.
Wasyl Tkaczuk – utwory nieznane
Authors: Horniatko-Szumiłowicz Anna
Published: November 2022

Aside from 58 novels by Vasyl Tkachuk collected by his daughter, Olga Hoffman, from four published anthologies (Сині чічки, 1935; Золоті дзвінки, 1936; Зимова мельодія, 1938; Весна, 1940) and released by her in a single tome named Сині чічки (2013), twelve works by this forgotten novelist remain entirely unknown to most readers. In-depth analysis confirms that most of them don’t deviate in quality when compared to the works published in Tkachuk’s lifetime, in the aforementioned four anthologies. The novels may be traditional, sometimes even stereotypical in their themes, but at the same time, can surprise the reader when it comes to poetics and stylistics. Despite being conventional stories about village life set in the 1920s and 1930s (according to the 1930s critic Mykhailo Rudnytskyi, these were “humble rural pictures, touching to the core with their simplicity and primitivism”), the rich spectrum of stylistic and linguistic devices present there resulted in them being true gems of Ukrainian literature. Without a doubt, it can be said that these works maintain a form of continuity and thematic-stylistic unity with the anthologized legacy of Vasyl Tkachuk.
Szewczenko przeciwko Putinowi: aktualne wymiary tożsamości ukraińskiej
Authors: Czopyk Rostysław
Published: November 2022

Artykuł obala tezę rosyjskiej propagandy o Ukrainie jako „sztucznej formacji”, „eksperymentalnym” „dziecku sowieckiej epoki” (według Władimira Putina). Nieoczekiwanym wsparciem dla propagandy wschodniej są metodologie zachodnich konstruktywistów, którzy przedstawiają współczesne tożsamości narodowe jako „konstrukt kulturowy”, „wspólnoty wyobrażone” (według Benedicta Andersona), twierdzą, że nacjonalizm „wymyśla narody tam, gdzie ich jeszcze nie ma” (według Ernesta Gellnera), sztucznie „wymyśla” tradycję” (Eric Hobsbawm i Tirence Ranger) itd. Takie poglądy wynikają z rozumienia nowoczesnej sekularyzacji i ogólnie nowoczesności jako alternatywy dla średniowiecznego teocentryzmu – podczas gdy w rzeczywistości było to poszukiwanie żywej obecności Boga w człowieku i społeczeństwie; „palingeńska” legitymizacja budowania narodu; ewangelizacja demokracji; sakralizacja „wolności, równości, braterstwa” na przełomie średniowiecza i historii nowożytnej. Autor niniejszego artykułu broni tej tezy, odwołując się do poezji Tarasa Szewczenki i dokumentu programowego Bractwa Cyryla i Metodego „Prawo Boże (Księgi Rodzaju narodu ukraińskiego)” – pierwszego przejawu współczesnej ukraińskości, świadomej własnej tożsamości.
Green synthesis of magnetic activated carbon from peanut shells functionalized with TiO2 photocatalyst for Batik liquid waste treatment
Authors: Utami Maisari , Zahra’ Hasna’ Azizah , Khoirunisa  , Dewi Tania Amara
Published: November 2022

The composite of magnetic activated carbon derived from peanut shells functionalized titanium dioxide (Fe3O4/TiO2/AC) has been successfully synthesized. The composite was employed to remove indigosol green and Cr(vi) under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. In this work, the activated carbon was synthesized from a sustainable source of peanut shell by carbonization and activation method employing NaOH as the activating agent. Magnetite was prepared by chemical co-precipitation technique using FeCl3·6H2O and FeSO4·7H2O, and then, the deposition of TiO2 was performed under ultrasonic irradiation. A variety of material characterization, consisting of Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, was used to analyze the physicochemical properties of the composite. The effects of pH, irradiation time, and composite mass during optimization performance were investigated. The characterizations represent the dispersed TiO2 in the anatase phase with the existence of magnetic particles. The activity tests revealed the superiority of the composite for applications involving adsorption and photocatalysis under visible light source compared to UV light. It was found that Fe3O4/TiO2/AC yields the efficiency for the removal of indigosol green and Cr(vi) from Batik liquid waste of 92.91 and 76.92%, respectively.
Alexander of Aphrodisias’ Criticism of the Stoic Theory of Perception:typosandtypōsis
Authors: Hangai Attila
Published: November 2022

The Stoics identified thephantasiawith the impression (typos) in the soul, or the impressing process (typōsis). Alexander of Aphrodisias engages directly with this account atDe anima68.10–21, and argues against the applicability of the impression in a theory of perception inMantissa10, especially 133.25–134.23. I analyse Alexander’s polemic account atDe anima68.10–21, I demonstrate that it differs from Chrysippus’ criticism of Cleanthes (contrary to some commentators), and I show how it fits in the context of his argument. From this analysis it will emerge how Alexander uses Stoic ideas to form his Aristotelian account. Then, I show that Alexander, by taking ‘typos’ metaphorically, not only prefers the term ‘enkataleimma’ over ‘typos’ in his theory ofphantasia, but he keeps the ‘typos’ terminology only to remain faithful to Aristotle’s use (contrary to some commentators).
Reactions of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazine with coupling reagents and electrophiles
Authors: Bvumbi Mpelegeng Victoria , Nemudzivhadi Anza Imanuel , Sengane Musiiwa Victoria , Moleele Simon Mnyakeni
Published: November 2022

Analogs of a new heterocyclic system were obtained from the reactions of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazine with coupling reagents such as boronic acids, and terminal alkynes in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Other reactions such as amination of the triazine at position 5, followed by electrophilic reactions with phenyl isocyanates and benzoyl chlorides, were performed to form new monoureido and benzoylated compounds.
American peacetime naval aviation and the Battle of Midway
Authors: McGregor Steven
Published: November 2022

There are many explanations for the victory of the United States against the Japanese at the Battle of Midway on June 4, 1942. Mistakes made by the Japanese certainly factored in the outcome and the United States also had certain advantages. However, an important if not sufficient explanation for the US victory is the pre-war preparation of the US Navy during peacetime. Designed by Ed Heinemann at Douglas Aircraft in El Segundo, California, from 1934 until 1938, the first Dauntless planes were delivered to the navy in 1940, well in advance of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the moment which is conventionally regarded as the US entry into the war. The pilots of the Dauntless, as I will show in this essay, were much the same; they too were the product of a peacetime Navy.
Mechanisms of Axon Growth and Regeneration: Moving between Development and Disease
Authors: Bradke Frank
Published: November 2022

Axons differ in their growth potential: whereas during development, axons rapidly grow to their targets, in the adult mammalian, CNS axons have lost their ability to grow and therefore fail to regenerate. Recent progress has enabled a better understanding of how developmental mechanisms direct axon regeneration. Focusing on neuronal polarization, where one neurite is singled out to become the axon, has uncovered the mechanisms initiating axon growth and growth restraint. This has helped to define the processes that need to be reactivated to induce axon regeneration: microtubule stabilization and actin dynamics. The molecular machinery underlying axon growth and axon regeneration is remarkably similar and includes the Rho-GTPases Cdc42, Rac-1, and RhoA, as well as the actin regulators cofilin and Myosin II. Importantly, neuron-intrinsic growth inhibitors in the adult nervous system, including the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit α2δ2 and the presynaptic active zone protein Munc13, restrain dynamics while the components driving axon growth remain largely present. The identified molecules suggest that synaptic transmission and axon growth may be processes that exclude each other. As a result, axon regeneration may be hampered by synaptic transmission and, thus, by the maturation of the CNS. This research has led to several translational avenues to induce axon regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury and stroke; these include the drugs epothilones, gabapentinoids, and baclofen. Thus, the investigation of axon growth and regeneration side by side has been instrumental to coax the regenerative potential of the CNS.
Better Inference in Neuroscience: Test Less, Estimate More
Authors: Calin-Jageman Robert J.
Published: November 2022

Null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST) has become the main tool of inference in neuroscience, and yet evidence suggests we do not use this tool well: tests are often planned poorly, conducted unfairly, and interpreted invalidly. This editorial makes the case that in addition to reforms to increase rigor we should test less, reserving NHST for clearly confirmatory contexts in which the researcher has derived a quantitative prediction, can provide the inputs needed to plan a quality test, and can specify the criteria not only for confirming their hypothesis but also for rejecting it. A reduction in testing would be accompanied by an expansion of the use of estimation [effect sizes and confidence intervals (CIs)]. Estimation is more suitable for exploratory research, provides the inputs needed to plan strong tests, and provides important contexts for properly interpreting tests.
Prefrontal Interneurons: Populations, Pathways, and Plasticity Supporting Typical and Disordered Cognition in Rodent Models
Authors: Kupferschmidt David A. , Cummings Kirstie A. , Joffe Max E. , MacAskill Andrew , Malik Ruchi , Sánchez-Bellot Candela , Tejeda Hugo A. , Yarur Castillo Hector
Published: November 2022

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibitory microcircuits regulate the gain and timing of pyramidal neuron firing, coordinate neural ensemble interactions, and gate local and long-range neural communication to support adaptive cognition and contextually tuned behavior. Accordingly, perturbations of PFC inhibitory microcircuits are thought to underlie dysregulated cognition and behavior in numerous psychiatric diseases and relevant animal models. This review, based on a Mini-Symposium presented at the 2022 Society for Neuroscience Meeting, highlights recent studies providing novel insights into: (1) discrete medial PFC (mPFC) interneuron populations in the mouse brain; (2) mPFC interneuron connections with, and regulation of, long-range mPFC afferents; and (3) circuit-specific plasticity of mPFC interneurons. The contributions of such populations, pathways, and plasticity to rodent cognition are discussed in the context of stress, reward, motivational conflict, and genetic mutations relevant to psychiatric disease.
Selective TLR4 Antagonism Prevents and Reverses Morphine-Induced Persistent Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, Dysregulation of Synaptic Elements, and Impaired BDNF Signaling in Aged Male Rats
Authors: Muscat Stephanie M. , Deems Nicholas P. , Butler Michael J. , Scaria Emmanuel A. , Bettes Menaz N. , Cleary Sean P. , Bockbrader Ross H. , Maier Steven F. , Barrientos Ruth M.
Published: November 2022

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are characterized by confusion, difficulty with executive function, and episodic memory impairment in the hours to months following a surgical procedure. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) represents such impairments that last beyond 30 d postsurgery and is associated with increased risk of comorbidities, progression to dementia, and higher mortality. While it is clear that neuroinflammation plays a key role in PND development, what factors underlie shorter self-resolving versus persistent PNDs remains unclear. We have previously shown that postoperative morphine treatment extends POCD from 4 d (without morphine) to at least 8 weeks (with morphine) in aged male rats, and that this effect is likely dependent on the proinflammatory capabilities of morphine via activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Here, we extend these findings to show that TLR4 blockade, using the selective TLR4 antagonist lipopolysaccharide from the bacteriumRhodobacter sphaeroides(LPS-RS Ultrapure), ameliorates morphine-induced POCD in aged male rats. Using either a single central preoperative treatment or a 1 week postoperative central treatment regimen, we demonstrate that TLR4 antagonism (1) prevents and reverses the long-term memory impairment associated with surgery and morphine treatment, (2) ameliorates morphine-induced dysregulation of the postsynaptic proteins postsynaptic density 95 and synaptopodin, (3) mitigates reductions in mature BDNF, and (4) prevents decreased activation of the BDNF receptor TrkB (tropomyosin-related kinase B), all at 4 weeks postsurgery. We also reveal that LPS-RS Ultrapure likely exerts its beneficial effects by preventing endogenous danger signal HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) from activating TLR4, rather than by blocking continuous activation by morphine or its metabolites. These findings suggest TLR4 as a promising therapeutic target to prevent or treat PNDs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWith humans living longer than ever, it is crucial that we identify mechanisms that contribute to aging-related vulnerability to cognitive impairment. Here, we show that the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key mediator of cognitive dysfunction in aged rodents following surgery and postoperative morphine treatment. Inhibition of TLR4 both prevented and reversed surgery plus morphine-associated memory impairment, dysregulation of synaptic elements, and reduced BDNF signaling. Together, these findings implicate TLR4 in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, providing mechanistic insight and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive impairments following immune challenges such as surgery in older individuals.
Organizational Strength and Authoritarian Durability in Cambodia
Authors: Luo Jing Jing , Un Kheang
Published: November 2022

This article draws from multiple sources of data including longitudinal field research such as interviews with diverse stakeholders—party apparatchik, leaders of civil society organizations, and representatives of international institutions operating in Cambodia. Analyzing these data using the literature on the durability of single-party authoritarianism, we argue that authoritarian durability in Cambodia is associated with the ruling party’s strength, which has its roots in the party’s evolution from a liberation movement and counterinsurgency struggle from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. This movement and struggle fostered a shared sense of hardship, and a common identity among the party’s leadership, which in turn generated enduring partisan identities, rigid interparty boundaries, and strong party organizational structure. Additionally, we postulate that distribution of patronage largesse made possible through rents associated with extraction of natural resources, foreign aid, and foreign investment further strengthened the ruling party, allowing it to project infrastructural power in surveilling and mobilizing voters and in exercising coercion against its challengers.
Endothelial transmigration hotspots limit vascular leakage through heterogeneous expression of ICAM‐1
Authors: Grönloh Max L B , Arts Janine J G , Palacios Martínez Sebastián , van der Veen Amerens A , Kempers Lanette , van Steen Abraham C I , Roelofs Joris J T H , Nolte Martijn A , Goedhart Joachim , van Buul Jaap D
Published: November 2022

Upon inflammation, leukocytes leave the circulation by crossing the endothelial monolayer at specific transmigration “hotspot” regions. Although these regions support leukocyte transmigration, their functionality is not clear. We found that endothelial hotspots function to limit vascular leakage during transmigration events. Using the photoconvertible probe mEos4b, we traced back and identified original endothelial transmigration hotspots. Using this method, we show that the heterogeneous distribution of ICAM‐1 determines the location of the transmigration hotspot. Interestingly, the loss of ICAM‐1 heterogeneity either by CRISPR/Cas9‐induced knockout of ICAM‐1 or equalizing the distribution of ICAM‐1 in all endothelial cells results in the loss of TEM hotspots but not necessarily in reduced TEM events. Functionally, the loss of endothelial hotspots results in increased vascular leakage during TEM. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the 3 extracellular Ig‐like domains of ICAM‐1 are crucial for hotspot recognition. However, the intracellular tail of ICAM‐1 and the 4th Ig‐like dimerization domain are not involved, indicating that intracellular signaling or ICAM‐1 dimerization is not required for hotspot recognition. Together, we discovered that hotspots function to limit vascular leakage during inflammation‐induced extravasation.
Zdarzenia niepożądane w dekontaminacji wyrobów medycznych
Authors: Kudzia-Karwowska Dorota
Published: November 2022

Badania naukowe udowodniły, że najsłabszym ogniwem w wielu procesach jest czynnik ludzki. Również w procedurach reprocesowania teza ta znajduje potwierdzenie. Aby móc przeanalizować i zrozumieć przyczynę zdarzeń niepożądanych występujących w procesach dekontaminacji wyrobów medycznych, należy prześledzić wszystkie etapy reprocesowania. Na każdym z etapów istnieje ryzyko wystąpienia zdarzenia niepożądanego, które może przynieść negatywne skutki. Jednym z najbardziej niebezpiecznych efektów takiego zdarzenia jest przeniesienie zakażenia z pacjenta na pacjenta. Może również dojść do uszkodzenia wyrobu medycznego w wyniku zastosowania nieodpowiedniej metody mycia, dezynfekcji czy sterylizacji.
Assessment of the Impact of Airlines External Environmental Factors on the Probability of Bankruptcy Risks in the Context of the COVID-19
Authors: Senkus Kastytis , Kamarauskienė Irma , Šedytė Samanta
Published: November 2022

The paper analyses which external environmental factors had the greatest impact on the probability of airline bankruptcy risk in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. In view of the strengths and weaknesses of the models selected and presented, the Altman Z 'score model was chosen for the study. It has been modified by recalculating the coefficients for the model's weighted indicators. The investigation included environmental macroeconomic statistics and financial data of 49 airlines in the airline sector over the span of ten years (2011-2021). The correlation method has identified the severity of external factors in connection with bankruptcy risks during the pre-pandemic and pandemic timeframe and has established a correlation between fluctuations in the risk of bankruptcy of the airline sector and environmental factors. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn on the link between external environmental factors and changes in the sector’s bankruptcy risk score in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the comparative analysis method showed that the influence of environmental factors analysed in Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania differs due to the predominance of business culture in the region. Overall, however, legal factors had the biggest negative impact on the sector before the COVID-19 pandemic (2011-2018), while other factors (passengers, competitors, labour force, and creditors) were weakly correlated with the likelihood of bankruptcy risk. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the most positive relationship between creditors intensified.
Reconocimiento y perdón o la realización de la comunidad en la Fenomenología del Espíritu de Hegel: perspectivas para la paz en Colombia
Authors: Forero Fernando
Published: November 2022

El importante tema del reconocimiento, si bien empezó su carrera en la filosofía clásica con Fichte, va unido al nombre de Hegel de una manera particular: toda su obra, desde los escritos tempranos hasta la presentación definitiva del sistema en la Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas, pasando por los artículos, textos y esbozos de sistema de Jena, por la Fenomenología del espíritu e incluso por algunos pasajes de la Ciencia de la lógica, se puede leer desde este registro. La tesis fuerte del concepto de reconocimiento es, en el fondo, que no se puede pensar la identidad sin la diferencia, la mismidad sin la alteridad o el yo sin el otro. Este artículo no elabora el concepto en la obra de Hegel en general, sino en la Fenomenología del espíritu en particular; allí el punto de partida es decir que el individuo crea su identidad en el reconocimiento del otro, pero lo interesante es que este concepto, tal y como Hegel lo elabora en la Fenomenología, aparece ligado a un análisis del perdón; en el reconocimiento y en el perdón la reconciliación queda como algo pendiente, e interesa acentuar la contingencia y procesualidad abierta en que deben ser vistos. Al final del análisis del perdón y del reconocimiento se gana una suerte de estructura que trasciende a toda comunidad concreta. Allí Hegel no termina señalando otra comunidad histórica, sino la comunidad en su forma absoluta. Este artículo sostiene que la razón entra en existencia en las experiencias del reconocimiento y el perdón cuando advertimos que la comunidad no es nada sustancial, sino el puro cambio y oposición, es decir, en toda aspiración humana a lo universal nos quedamos en lo particular, pero también en nuestra particularidad está lo universal. La última parte del artículo elabora desde los rendimientos alcanzados hasta allí algunas perspectivas para el análisis de la paz en Colombia.
UNDERSTANDING A LIKELIHOOD FLAT PROBLEM: INFERENCES ON THE RATIO OF REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS IN LINEAR MODELS
Authors: Espindola Zepeda Jorge , Montoya José A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we analyze a flat likelihood function shape that arises when performing inferences on the ratio of two regression coefficients in a linear regression model, parameter of interest in various applications. Due to this shape, infinite length likelihood-confidence intervals can be obtained. In the cases discussed here these likelihood-confidence intervals are related to the nested models problem, which is analyzed in detail through three illustrative simulated cases. It is essential to understand the shapes of the likelihood function in order to legitimately criticize likelihood inferences. This is of particular importance since the likelihood function is a key ingredient used in many inference methods
Facet of 4D printing in biomedicine
Authors: Mathur Vidhi , Agarwal Prachi , Srinivasan Varadharajan , Panwar Amit , Vasanthan Kirthanashri S.
Published: November 2022

Owing to the success of three-dimensional (3D) printing in biomedical applications, the latest addition to the technology is four-dimensional (4D) printing, which has gained tremendous interest since 2012. 4D printing is being considered as an upgradation and extension of 3D that includes time as a fourth dimension with the utilization of smart biomaterials, and upon the application of any external stimulus, the shape and size of the printed structure change with time. In this review, we highlight the basic techniques involved in 4D printing, the shape memory effect, and various stimuli like light, temperature, pH, etc., that cause the shape change, leading to the transformation of the structures fabricated. 4D printing using smart materials demonstrates shape memory property and their possible applications in the field of biomedicine and regenerative medicine are discussed in detail. The authors have focused on 4D printing of various tissues, with a special highlight on bone and dental tissue.

Graphical abstract
Development framework for a racing-oriented torque vectoring algorithm and controller proposal.
Authors:   , Medina Andoni
Published: November 2022

Electrification has drastically changed the way road car are designed. The floor of the vehicle chassis has substantially changed to contain the batteries, and electric motors can be placed practically inline to each axle. Furthermore, the compactness of the electric motors permits a layout where each wheel is powered by a single motor. Independently powering each vehicle’s wheel brings several advantages in terms of manoeuvrability and stability. Torque vectoring refers to the algorithm that utilizes these independent motors to alter the yaw of the vehicle for the aforementioned purpose. In this PhD dissertation, a torque vectoring algorithm is designed for a race car, following the V-shape development framework, widely used in the automotive industry. Race cars differ in many aspects from road cars, they generally have stiffer suspension, lower centre of gravity, grippy tyres, etc. They also feature a more neutral behaviour compared to the generally understeering behaviour or road cars. In this way, the front axle can generate higher lateral force, vehicle may increase its lateral acceleration, and therefore the car can negotiate faster the corners. However, this decrement on the understeering gradient may also suppose a decrease on its stability margin, so the car is trickier to drive. In this work, the torque vectoring is applied on a vehicle which features a close-to-neutral balance (therefore a with a little margin to increase its steady state lateral acceleration), aiming to keep this balance most of the times and preventing the vehicle from becoming unstable for the driver. Besides, since the algorithm needs to work in harmony with the driver -especially given the fact that the vehicle will presumably be driven at the limit handling area- the algorithm is designed and tested in conjunction to a human driver using a Human-In-the-Loop system.
Validation of reinforced concrete bond stress–slip models through an analytical strain distribution comparison
Authors: Dey Alinda , Bado Mattia Francesco , Kaklauskas Gintaris
Published: November 2022

The bond and slip between concrete and the reinforcement bars, cover a key role in the inter-material force transfer of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. In light of the lack of tools able to thoroughly inspect the inner workings of RC structures and to extract reliable bond stress values, modern bond stress–slip (Bond–slip) models are often inaccurate and in contradiction with each other. Considering the recent surge of novel hyper-performant strain sampling tools (Distributed Sensing for example), their application for the creation of novel and physically accurate Bond–slip models is just a matter of time. This being said, one of the main reasons behind the modern coexistence of multiple inaccurate and at times contradictory Bond–slip models is the absence of a tool that has allowed researchers to rapidly corroborate and calibrate their newly created models. To this end, the present article proposes such a Bond–slip validation tool for RC elements. This one is designed to extract reinforcement strain profiles at any given load level on the grounds of a specific bond–slip law and geometrical inputs. Said profile is then compared against an experimentally extracted one based on specimens with identical geometrical features. The performance of the validation tool is demonstrated through an application to six existing bond–slip models. Granted the proposal of validation tools is paramount for the future of the discussion on bond–slip modelling, stress-transfer analyses and serviceability of RC structures, the here proposed validation tool is a first significant step in that direction.
LA GUERRA DE UCRANIA: UCRANIA Y LA CORTE PENAL INTERNACIONAL: UNA OPORTUNIDAD PARA LA CORTE Y PARA LA LUCHA CONTRA LA IMPUNIDAD
Authors: Escobar Hernández Concepción
Published: November 2022

Con la invasión rusa de Ucrania y el conflicto armado que ha generado, la Corte Penal Internacional ha recuperado su papel central en el emergente Sistema de Justicia Penal Internacional y se ha vuelto a percibir como un instrumento útil para luchar contra la impunidad de los más graves crímenes de Derecho internacional. Sin embargo, la complejidad de la situación de Ucrania obliga a contemplar con prudencia la acción de la Corte y, sobre todo, a colocar en un lugar adecuado lo que puede pedir y lo que se puede esperar de ella. En este contexto, este trabajo ofrece un estudio inicial de cuestiones relativas a su competencia, jurisdicción y del papel que puede jugar el principio de complementariedad.
REPARACIONES DE GUERRA: LA HUMANIZACIÓN E INDIVIDUALIZACIÓN DE LA RECLAMACIÓN. ALGUNAS APROXIMACIONES JUDICIALES ALTERNATIVAS
Authors: Jiménez García Francisco
Published: November 2022

El derecho a la reparación de las víctimas de crímenes de guerra está consolidado como norma primaria del Derecho internacional general. Sin embargo, las normas secundarias confluentes al concepto de «reclamación» y el papel del Estado en su reconocimiento y distribución han neutralizado o inactivado tal derecho primario que ha conducido a calificarlo como lex ferenda. No obstante, se está observando un proceso y una práctica judicial alternativa (una opinio iuris en evolución) que supone la inversión de tal relación al situar al individuo en el eje central de tal derecho a la reparación. Sin embargo, la reciente sentencia sobre las Actividades armadas en territorio del Congo (RDC c. Uganda), reparaciones, ha supuesto una oportunidad perdida para cristalizar tal progreso.
A preliminary study on the potential of Virtual Reality Therapy in reducing public speaking anxiety
Authors: Wan Shamsuddin Wan Noor Farah , Mohd Anuardi Muhammad Nur Adilin , Mohmad Rozee Intan Syafinaz
Published: November 2022

This study probes on the potentials of Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) to overcome glossophobia in the context of online classes. To achieve the objective, this study employs experimental design in which students who are enrolled in an online public speaking course were grouped into two: Experimental and control group. The experimental group experienced three sessions of VRT throughout the semester whereas the control group did not. After the end of the course, the descriptive analysis findings suggest that the rate of change for the experimental group was -17% in comparison with the control group -4%. This indicates that the experimental group had decreased their public speaking anxiety four times more than the control group; hence suggesting that VRT has helped to reduce the anxiety in public speaking. All in all, this study foreshadows the great potential of VRT in the education and communication field.
The Power of Collaboration: Learning Language and Culture by Teaching
Authors: Park Kyongson
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research is to present a means for ESL students in higher education to apply their academic knowledge and language (Cummins, 1981) to increase their local knowledge of school culture and intercultural competence (Neuliep, 2017) by working with teachers and students in a local K-12 school community. This was accomplished through a co-teaching K-12 program sponsored by a large public university that provides international college students of any major an opportunity to have a cultural and language learning experience through student teaching in a public middle school. The researcher, an ESL graduate student, along with a fellow ESL graduate student teacher pursuing a degree in food science, was partnered with two middle school teachers, observed an ESL and a science classroom, co-designed new lesson plans, and co-taught a full day of lessons weekly over one semester. Throughout the practicum, the participant researcher wrote weekly journals and reflections and attended workshops. At the end of the semester, the middle school students (n=140) completed a short questionnaire regarding their experience working with the international student teachers. The survey results indicate that the middle school students, including 40 ESL students, valued the experience of working with culturally diverse teachers. In addition, the experience benefited local teachers, as the ESL college students were able to provide linguistic, sensory, cultural, and interactive supports for content matter (Gibbons, 2014), along with innovative ideas and resources funded by grants. In the meantime, the ESL graduate students had an immersive learning experience on communicating more effectively in a school setting, both academically and interculturally. In conclusion, this collaboration program benefits ESL college students by developing their language proficiency, broadening their cultural perspective, and achieving their educational goals.
Reckoning with Hammers and Mallets: Indiana’s Approach to Licensing English Learner Teachers
Authors: Morita-Mullaney Trish
Published: November 2022

INTESOL has actively advocated for appropriate certification and training of Indiana’s EL teacher workforce, informing the policy of the Indiana English Learner (EL) Teacher of Record. The Indiana EL Teacher of Record requirement, established in 2019 by the Indiana Department of Education asserts that by 2022, all Indiana school districts will have an established 30:1 ratio of EL students to EL-licensed teachers meeting the minimum criterion of two Supreme Court cases, Lau v. Nichols (1974) and Castañeda v. Pickard (1984). The Indiana Department of Education, the funder of this policy, granted accredited universities in EL education to train and license educators, increasing the overall capacity of districts to meet the needs and rights of their ELs with appropriate staffing and programming. While efforts to meet 30:1 goal are still in progress, Indiana’s approach has contrasted with other states who addressed such licensure initiatives with a heavy hammer, whereas Indiana has done it with a softer mallet. Implications for universities, districts, and families are discussed.