bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Course of Ionized Calcium After Thyroidectomy
Authors: de Andrade Sousa Alexandre , Salles José Maria Porcaro , Soares João Marcos Arantes , de Moraes Gustavo Meyer , Carvalho Jomar Rezende , Rocha Paulo Roberto Savassi
Published: February 2010

Background

The goal of the present study was to investigate the course of ionized calcium after thyroidectomy and to define a cut‐off value that indicates symptoms of hypocalcemia.

Methods

The sample included 333 patients undergoing thyroidectomy at the University Hospital of UFMG between September 2000 and December 2005. Ionized calcium was determined before and after surgery (days 1, 2, and 30) in all patients and on postoperative days 90 and 180 in those with hypocalcemia. Asymptomatic patients received no calcium replacement therapy, irrespective of calcium concentration. Patients with clinical manifestation of hypocalcemia were treated after laboratory confirmation. The presence or absence of postoperative hypocalcemia was associated with ionized calcium concentration measured on the reported days.

Results

Ionized calcium declined on the first two days after surgery in all patients when compared to preoperative levels (P = 0.000). Forty‐seven (34.6%) of the 136 (40.8%) patients with postoperative hypocalcemia had symptoms. Patients with symptomatic hypocalcemia had significantly lower ionized calcium levels than those with asymptomatic hypocalcemia (P = 0.001). Fourteen (4.2%) patients progressed to definitive hypoparathyroidism by the end of 6 months.

Conclusions

Measurement of ionized calcium on postoperative days 1 and 2 is sufficient for the evaluation of post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Ionized calcium concentrations <1.03 mmol/l on postoperative day 1 are indicative of the presence of symptoms and the need for treatment.
Validating a Simple Scoring System to Predict Malignancy and Invasiveness of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Shin Sang H. , Han Duck J. , Park Kwan T. , Kim Young H. , Park Jae B. , Kim Song C.
Published: February 2010

Background

The objective of the present study was to identify reliable preoperative factors predicting malignancy or invasiveness of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas and the effectiveness of a diagnostic scoring system based on these factors.

Methods

Between August 1994 and December 2007, 204 patients underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN at a single institute. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and a new diagnostic scoring system for predicting malignant IPMN preoperatively was designed.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed nine significant predictors of both malignant and invasive IPMN: age ≥60 years, history of pancreatitis, presence of mural nodule(s), diameter of main pancreatic duct (MPD) >6 mm, main duct or mixed type, total bilirubin >1.2 mg/dl, CA‐19‐9 >37 U/ml, tumor location in the pancreatic head, and tumor size >30 mm. Multivariate analysis showed that age, pancreatitis, mural nodule(s), and MPD diameter were independent predictors of invasive IPMN, and that all these parameters, plus elevated carbohydrate antigen‐19‐9 (CA‐19‐9), were independent predictors of malignant IPMN. A scoring system based on these five factors, each assigned 1 point, and with a cut‐off of 3 points, could predict malignant IPMN with a sensitivity of 50.7% and a specificity of 90.1%. The 5‐year survival rates of patients with benign and malignant IPMN were 95.0% and 64.0%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our scoring system using five independent factors (age ≥60 years, history of pancreatitis, presence of mural nodule(s), elevated level of CA‐19‐9, and MPD diameter >6 mm) may be helpful for predicting malignancy and postoperative survival.
Histologic Stages of Healing Correlate with Restoration of Tensile Strength in a Model of Experimental Tendon Repair
Authors: Rosenbaum Andrew J. , Wicker Jordan F. , Dines Joshua S. , Bonasser Lawrence , Razzano Pasquale , Dines David M. , Grande Daniel A.
Published: February 2010

Much current research is focused on biologic enhancement of the tendon repair process. To evaluate the different methods, which include a variety of gene therapy and tissue engineering techniques, histological and biomechanical testing is often employed. Both modalities offer information on the progress and quality of repair; however, they have been historically considered as two separate entities. Histological evaluation is a less costly undertaking; however, there is no validated scoring scale to compare the results of different studies or even the results within a given study. Biomechanical testing can provide validated outcome measures; however, it is associated with increased cost and is more labor intensive. We hypothesized that a properly developed, objective histological scoring system would provide a validated outcome measure to compare histological results and correlate with biomechanics. In an Achilles tendon model, we have developed a histological scoring scale to assess tendon repair. The system grades collagen orientation, angiogenesis, and cartilage induction. In this study, histology scores were plotted against biomechanical testing results of healing tendons which indicated that a strong linear correlation exists between the histological properties of repaired tendons and their biomechanical characteristics. Concordantly, this study provides a pragmatic and financially feasible means of evaluating repair while accounting for both the histology and biomechanical properties observed in surgically repaired, healing tendon.
Contrasting Communities
Authors: Spufford Margaret
Published: February 2010

This book is a detailed history of the economic, educational and religious life of three contrasting communities, Chippenham, Orwell and Willingham in Cambridgeshire from 1525 to 1700. The three villages had very difference economic settings, in which the pattern of landholding changed over this period and the general and particular reasons for the changes that took place. The study also covers the educational opportunities open to the villagers, and examines religious affairs, the effect on peasant communities of the Reformation and the disturbance in the devotional life of the ordinary villager, which often culminated in dissent and disruption under the Commonwealth. Dr Spufford has penetrated into the social life of the English village at all levels, and with fascinating detail has created a whole social universe around her villagers or a 'picture in the round' view. The book will be invaluable to economic, social, and ecclesiastical historians of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as historians of Britain generally, and those with a special interest in Cambridgeshire.
The Characteristic Symphony in the Age of Haydn and Beethoven
Authors: Will Richard
Published: February 2010

Associated through descriptive texts with literature, politics, religion, and other subjects, 'characteristic' symphonies offer an opportunity to study instrumental music as it engages important social and political debates of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. This first full-length study of the genre illuminates the relationship between symphonies and their aesthetic and social contexts by focussing on the musical representation of feeling, human physical movement, and the passage of time. The works discussed include Beethoven's Pastoral and Eroica Symphonies, Haydn's Seven Last Words of our Savior on the Cross, Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf's symphonies on Ovid's Metamorphoses, and orchestral battle reenactments of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras. A separate chapter details the aesthetic context within which characteristic symphonies were conceived, as well as their subsequent reception, and a series of appendixes summarises bibliographic information for over 225 relevant examples.
Regions and Powers
Authors: Buzan Barry , Wæver Ole
Published: February 2010

This 2003 book develops the idea that since decolonisation, regional patterns of security have become more prominent in international politics. The authors combine an operational theory of regional security with an empirical application across the whole of the international system. Individual chapters cover Africa, the Balkans, CIS Europe, East Asia, EU Europe, the Middle East, North America, South America, and South Asia. The main focus is on the post-Cold War period, but the history of each regional security complex is traced back to its beginnings. By relating the regional dynamics of security to current debates about the global power structure, the authors unfold a distinctive interpretation of post-Cold War international security, avoiding both the extreme oversimplifications of the unipolar view, and the extreme deterritorialisations of many globalist visions of a new world disorder. Their framework brings out the radical diversity of security dynamics in different parts of the world.
United States Practice in International Law
Authors: Murphy Sean D.
Published: February 2010

Sean D. Murphy's wide-ranging and in-depth 2002 survey of U.S. practice in international law in the period 1999–2001 draws upon the statements and actions of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the U.S. government to examine its involvement across a range of areas. These areas include diplomatic and consular relations, jurisdiction and immunities, state responsibility and liability, international organizations, international economic law, human rights, and international criminal law. At the time of its first publication this summary of the most salient issues was a central resource on U.S. practice in international law. The volume contains extracts from hard-to-find documents, generous citations to relevant sources, tables of cases and treaties, and a detailed index. Revealing international law in the making, this essential tool for researchers and practitioners was the first in a series of books capturing the international law practice of a global player.
Jews and Heretics in Catholic Poland
Authors: Teter Magda
Published: February 2010

Jews and Heretics in Catholic Poland takes issue with historians' common contention that the Catholic Church triumphed in Counter-reformation Poland. In fact, the Church's own sources show that the story is far more complex. From the rise of the Reformation and the rapid dissemination of these new ideas through printing, the Catholic Church was overcome with a strong sense of insecurity. The 'infidel Jews, enemies of Christianity' became symbols of the Church's weakness and, simultaneously, instruments of its defence against all of its other adversaries. This process helped form a Polish identity that led, in the case of Jews, to racial anti-Semitism and to the exclusion of Jews from the category of Poles. This book portrays Jews not only as victims of Church persecution but as active participants in Polish society who as allies of the nobles, placed in positions of power, had more influence than has been recognised.
Worlds within Worlds
Authors: Rappaport Steve
Published: February 2010

The enormous growth of London during the early modern period brought with it major social problems, yet, as Steve Rappaport demonstrates in this innovative study, Tudor London was essentially a stable society, subject to stress but never seriously threatened by widespread popular unrest or other forms of instability. Professor Rappaport looks once again at the nature, causes, and effects of the principal threats to the capital's stability in the sixteenth century - the threefold increase in population, the economic impact of such demographic expansion, the substantial rise in prices and the inequitable distribution of wealth and power - and concludes that historians have hitherto exaggerated the severity of such problems and over-simplified their effects. Professor Rappaport's researches suggest that the institutional superstructure of the capital was more adaptable, its small social organisations more resilient, and opportunities for social mobility far greater than many historians have acknowledged. Worlds Within Worlds combines sophisticated quantitative analysis with vivid empirical detail, and mounts a major challenge to much current thinking about urban life in early modern Britain.
Reflection Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Surface Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2010

In this book the theories, techniques and applications of reflection electron microscopy (REM), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) are comprehensively reviewed for the first time. The book is divided into three parts: diffraction, imaging and spectroscopy. The text is written to combine basic techniques with special applications, theories with experiments, and the basic physics with materials science, so that a full picture of RHEED and REM emerges. An entirely self-contained study, the book contains much invaluable reference material, including FORTRAN source codes for calculating crystal structures data and electron energy loss spectra in different scattering geometries. This and many other features make the book an important and timely addition to the materials science literature.
Handbook of Categorical Algebra
Authors: Borceux Francis
Published: February 2010

A Handbook of Categorical Algebra is designed to give, in three volumes, a detailed account of what should be known by everybody working in, or using, category theory. As such it will be a unique reference. The volumes are written in sequence, with the first being essentially self-contained, and are accessible to graduate students with a good background in mathematics. Volume 1, which is devoted to general concepts, can be used for advanced undergraduate courses on category theory. After introducing the terminology and proving the fundamental results concerning limits, adjoint functors and Kan extensions, the categories of fractions are studied in detail; special consideration is paid to the case of localizations. The remainder of the first volume studies various 'refinements' of the fundamental concepts of category and functor.
Volvox
Authors: Kirk David L.
Published: February 2010

The central thesis of this book is that Volvox and its unicellular and colonial relatives provide a wholly unrivalled opportunity to explore the proximate and ultimate causes underlying the evolution, from unicellular ancestors, of multicellular organisms with fully differentiated cell types. A major portion of the book is devoted to reviewing what is known about the genetic, cellular and molecular basis of development in the most extensively studied species of Volvox: V. cateri, which exhibits a complete division of labour between mortal somatic cells and immortal germ cells. However, this topic has been put in context by first considering the ecological conditions and cytological preconditions that appear to have fostered the evolution of organisms of progressively increasing size and with progressively increasing tendency to produce terminally differentiated somatic cells. The book concludes by raising the question of whether the germensoma dichotomy may have evolved by similar or different genetic pathways in different species of Volvox. Biologists and phycologists interested in development, genetics and cellular evolution will find this a fascinating work.
The Sanctions Paradox
Authors: Drezner Daniel W.
Published: February 2010

Despite their increasing importance, there is little theoretical understanding of why nation-states initiate economic sanctions, or what determines their success. This 1999 book argues that both imposers and targets of economic coercion incorporate expectations of future conflict as well as the short-run opportunity costs of coercion into their behaviour. Drezner argues that conflict expectations have a paradoxical effect. Adversaries will impose sanctions frequently, but rarely secure concessions. Allies will be reluctant to use coercion, but once sanctions are used, they can result in significant concessions. Ironically, the most favourable distribution of payoffs is likely to result when the imposer cares the least about its reputation or the distribution of gains. The book's argument is pursued using game theory and statistical analysis, and detailed case studies of Russia's relations with newly-independent states, and US efforts to halt nuclear proliferation on the Korean peninsula.
Arguments of Augustan Wit
Authors: Sitter John
Published: February 2010

Comic and satiric literature from the 1670s to the 1740s is characterized by the allusive and elusive word play of Augustan wit. The arguments of Augustan wit reveal preoccupations with the metaphorical dimension of language so distrusted by Locke and others who saw it as fundamentally opposed to the rational mode of judgement. John Sitter makes a challenging claim for the importance of wit in the writings of Dryden, Rochester, Prior, Berkeley, Gay, Pope and Swift, as an analytic mode as well as one of stylistic sophistication. He argues that wit - often regarded by modern critics as a quaint category of verbal cleverness - in fact offers to literary theory a legacy corrective of Romantic and neo-Romantic idealizations of imagination. This study aims at once to emphasize the historical specificity of Augustan writing, and to bring its arguments into dialogue with those of our time.
Mechanism and the Novel
Authors: Turner Martha A.
Published: February 2010

Martha Turner's 1993 book examines the relationship between British fiction and the tradition of mechanistic science derived from Isaac Newton, and provides a bridge between the mechanical philosophy of the eighteenth century and present-day habits of thought. Tracing the evolution of the concept of mechanism among science writers and novelists of the past 200 years, it shows how the pre-mechanistic world of Pride and Prejudice and the relatively unproblematic empiricism of The Bride of Lammermoor were succeeded by the quandaries of Bleak House, The Ordeal of Richard Feverel, and The Egoist, and how alternatives to the mechanistic tradition were worked out in The Secret Agent and Women in Love. Analysis of Doris Lessing's Canopus in Argos: Archives identifies features of the tradition which still survive.
Negative and Positive Polarity
Authors: Progovac Ljiliana
Published: February 2010

In this book, Ljiljana Progovac presents cross-linguistic data on negative polarity, reflexive binding and the subjunctive mood, and proposes a unified analysis for various languages, including English and Serbian/Croatian. She argues that Negative Polarity Items (NPIs), such as 'anyone' and 'ever', are anaphoric in nature and must be bound in their governing category, while Positive Polarity Items (PPIs), such as 'someone' and 'already', are subject to Principle B of the Binding Theory. She also suggests that possible binders (and SUBJECTS) for polarity items are negation or else a polarity operator in the complementiser of questions, conditionals, and other clauses with an unfixed truth-value. Her analysis not only captures many similarities between polarity and anaphora, but also accounts for a number of hitherto unexplained facts about polarity items.
Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa
Authors: Bates Robert H.
Published: February 2010

This book addresses several of the classic questions in African Studies. In the pre-colonial era what were the sources of order in societies without states? And what were the origins of 'traditional' states in Africa? In the colonial period, what caused the divergent patterns of agricultural development? And what were the issues that drove the peasantry into the rebellions which brought an end to colonial rule? Since independence what has been the fate of the African peasantry? What has been the content of the agricultural policies adopted by the governments of Africa? And how can these policies be accounted for? In answering these questions, the book explores various forms of explanation and advances a form of political economy based upon rational-choice analysis.
Early Franciscan Government
Authors: Brooke Rosalind B.
Published: February 2010

The early historians of the Franciscan order traced the causes of the troubles of the order in their time to Elias, a contemporary and friend of St Francis and an early Minister General. Elias was blamed for opening the way to all relaxations of discipline and disregard of the founder's teaching, and all conflicts and persecutions. Mrs Brooke shows that responsibility cannot be placed on one man, but on many of the early friars. She gives a more historical account of Elias, showing that he was never as dominant a figure as has been supposed. The early conflicts of the order are shown to have been more complex, more interesting and more probable than the fourteenth-century controversialists would allow. The second part of the book describes the achievements of Elias's successors as Minister General, and the important laws they passed. Mrs Brooke has been able to reconstruct the early constitutions, now lost, in greater detail than has previously been attempted.
The Rump Parliament 1648–1653
Authors: Worden Blair
Published: February 2010

The Rump Parliament was brought to power in 1648 by Pride's Purge and forcibly dissolved by Oliver Cromwell in 1653. This book is a detailed account of the intervening years. Dr Worden concentrates particularly on the Rump's policies in the contentious fields of legal, religious and electoral reform; its attempts to live down its revolutionary origins, to disown its more radical supporters, to conciliate those Puritans alienated by the purge and the King's death, and to re-create the Roundhead party of the 1640s. He examines the Rump's struggles for survival in the face of the Royalist threat between 1649 and 1651, and its fatal quarrel with the Cromwellian army thereafter. A concluding chapter deals with the Rump's forcible dissolution. This novel and challenging interpretation of the most dramatic phase of the English Revolution will interest all specialists in seventeenth-century political and constitutional history.
The Economy of Early Renaissance Europe, 1300–1460
Authors: Miskimin Harry A.
Published: February 2010

In his unique analysis of the economic structure of early Renaissance Europe, Harry A. Miskimin uses topical economic concepts to examine the far-reaching changes that drew the monarchs of Europe ever further into the management of economic affairs between 1300 and 1460. He shows in colourful detail how the political power of European kings rose during these centuries as they increasingly became the centers of economic strength, and as money replaced personal allegiance as an index of authority.
Red Petrograd
Authors: Smith S. A.
Published: February 2010

This book explores the impact of the 1917 Revolution on factory life in the Russian capital. It traces the attempts of workers to take control of their working lives from the February Revolution through to June 1918, when the Bolsheviks nationalised industry. Although not primarily concerned with the political developments of the Revolution, the book demonstrates that the sphere of industrial production was a crucial arena of political as well as economic conflict. Having discussed the structure and composition of the factory workforce in Petrograd prior to 1917 and the wages and conditions of workers under the old regime, Dr Smith shows how workers saw the overthrow of the autocracy as a signal to democratise factory life and to improve their lot. After examining the creation and activities of the factory committees, he analyses the relationship of different groups of workers to the new labour movement, and assesses the extent to which it functioned democratically.
Conceptual Developments of 20th Century Field Theories
Authors: Cao Tian Yu
Published: February 2010

This book gives a broad synthesis of conceptual developments of twentieth-century field theories, from the general theory of relativity to quantum field theory and gauge theory. The author gives a historico-critical exposition of the conceptual foundations of the theories revealing a pattern to the evolution of these conceptions. Theoretical physicists and students of theoretical physics will find in this book an account of the foundational problems of their discipline that will help them understand the internal logic and dynamics of their subject. In addition the book will provide professional historians and philosophers of science, and especially philosophers of physics, with a conceptual basis for further historical, cultural and sociological analysis of the theories discussed. The book also contains much material for philosophical (metaphysical, methodological and semantical) reflection. Finally, the scientifically qualified general reader will find in this book a deeper analysis of contemporary conceptions of the physical world than can be found in popular accounts of the subject.
Ion-Solid Interactions
Authors: Nastasi Michael , Mayer James , Hirvonen James K.
Published: February 2010

Modern technology depends on materials with precisely controlled properties. Ion beams are a favoured method to achieve controlled modification of surface and near-surface regions. In every integrated circuit production line, for example, there are ion implantation systems. In addition to integrated circuit technology, ion beams are used to modify the mechanical, tribological and chemical properties of metal, intermetallic and ceramic materials without altering their bulk properties. Ion–solid interactions are the foundation that underlies the broad application of ion beams to the modification of materials. This text is designed to cover the fundamentals and applications of ion–solid interactions and is aimed at graduate students and researchers interested in electronic devices, surface engineering, reactor and nuclear engineering and material science issues associated with metastable phase synthesis.
Meiosis
Authors: John Bernard
Published: February 2010

Meiosis, the antithesis of fertilization, is the unique genetically programmed mode of nuclear division associated with a halving of the chromosome number in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. It thus represents a key cellular and developmental pathway in the life of an organism. In this book, Bernard John presents the first complete, and the most authoritative, review of the events and mechanisms of meiosis including their scheduling, their mechanics and their biochemistry as well as their genetic control and the variations to be found in them in both sexual and subsexual systems. The text is superbly illustrated with 131 figures and 73 tables. Meiosis must be regarded as essential reading for all students, teachers and research workers with an interest in eukaryotic cell biology and genetics.
Dealing in Diversity
Authors: Edwards Victoria M.
Published: February 2010

With sixty per cent of the land in the United States under private ownership, the role of the private sector in the conservation of habitat and species diversity is being recognised as increasingly important. This book examines the 'market' for the conservation of natural areas in the United States, considering the efforts of both profit and non-profit making ventures. It discusses the costs and benefits of protecting natural areas, and uses specific examples of landowners and agencies involved in private sector conservation. The book concludes by discussing the potential for, and limitations of, the private conservation market, and the role of the government in the market. The effectiveness of conservation methods is examined at three levels: constitutional, organisational and operational. The book will therefore appeal to all those interested or involved in conservation, from students to policy makers.
The Logics of Social Structure
Authors: Kontopoulos Kyriakos M.
Published: February 2010

In this book, the author proposes an interesting approach to the study of one of the most central concepts in social analysis, that of social structure. He provides a critique of the leading models and argues that each is inadequate to the task of explaining the complexity of structures that make up society and the processes by which these structures are formed and are interlinked. A conceptualization of the processes of societal formation is then presented, drawing on developments in the physical, biological and cognitive sciences. This conceptualization allows for the multiplicity of processes of structuration, which the author refers to as logics, some of which function at the individual or 'micro' level, others at the organizational or 'meso' level, and still others at the society-wide, or 'macro' level. The author terms this conceptualization a theory of heterarchy and it is a truly comprehensive theory of societal structuration.
Liberalism, Perfectionism and Restraint
Authors: Wall Steven
Published: February 2010

Are liberalism and perfectionism compatible? In this study Steven Wall presents and defends a perfectionist account of political morality that takes issue with many currently fashionable liberal ideas but retains the strong liberal commitment to the ideal of personal autonomy. He begins by critically discussing the most influential version of anti-perfectionist liberalism, examining the main arguments that have been offered in its defence. He then clarifies the ideal of personal autonomy, presents an account of its value and shows that a strong commitment to personal autonomy is fully compatible with an endorsement of perfectionist political action designed to promote valuable pursuits and discourage base ones.
Preventive Health Care for Children with Genetic Conditions
Authors: Wilson Golder N. , Cooley W. Carl
Published: February 2010

Originally published as Preventative Management of Children with Congenital Anomalies and Syndromes, this new edition provides health professionals with an invaluable, structured approach to the preventive care of children with congenital disorders. Over 150 conditions ranging from cerebral palsy to Down syndrome are discussed. The large number of conditions covered and the added perspective of a developmental pediatrician (Dr Cooley) provides a valuable resource for carers and parents. For each disorder there is an introductory summary of key information, followed by more detailed listing of general pediatric and speciality concerns, all structured to provide an integrated approach to patient care. For 32 common disorders or disease categories, preventive management checklists are provided: these checklists provide an ongoing record for the child's medical complications and progress and they are designed to be copied and placed in the medical record. The text provides details of medical complications and preventive recommendations supported by key literature and web resources for parents and professionals.
The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile
Authors: Barton Simon
Published: February 2010

This volume examines the nature of aristocratic society in the Spanish kingdom of León and Castile in the twelfth century. Drawing on an extensive range of original sources, many of them unpublished, it highlights the unrivalled wealth, status and power enjoyed by some members of the aristocracy. It also explores the multifarious roles that lay magnates were expected to fulfil: as family protectors, landlords and judges; as courtiers, diplomats and military commanders; and, not least, as patrons of the church. The nobility of León and Castile experienced a number of important changes during this period. There are signs that a few great families began to develop an embryonic sense of lineage. The struggle for ascendancy with al-Andalus - Muslim Spain - also enabled some magnates to acquire influence far from their traditional centres of power, and the concept of crusade made itself felt in aristocratic circles. The book's Appendices include a unique biographical study of the counts of León and Castile and a selection of genealogical tables.
The Politics of Australian Child Care
Authors: Brennan Deborah
Published: February 2010

This book, now in a revised edition, is a political history of child care in Australia from the 1890s to the 1990s. Once provided by philanthropic groups and available only to those deemed underprivileged, child care has now become part of the mainstream political agenda. Deborah Brennan provides an in-depth analysis of policy developments in this significant area since the Commonwealth became involved in 1972. The revised edition provides a detailed analysis of the shifts in policy under Labor as well as an up-to-date account of developments under the Howard government since 1996.
The Dear Purchase
Authors: Stern J. P. , Boyle Nicholas
Published: February 2010

This book studies individual works by twelve major writers of German modernism, including Thomas Mann, Musil, Brecht and Rilke, in relation to the history of the twentieth century. It explores the theme of the 'dear purchase', an ideal of moral strenuousness and sacrifice seen as characteristic of Germany after Nietzsche, and reveals the underlying flaw in this notion as a self-justifying value. In this context, it considers the renaissance of German poetry after 1900, the impact of the War of 1914, its aftermath in uncertainty and relativism, and attitudes to the Hitler period, and finally juxtaposes Mann's Felix Krull and Kafka's story Josephine as a deliverance from the value-system of the title. The Introduction, partly autobiographical, traces J. P. Stern's preoccupation with this interpretation of his material in many of the books he published (especially those concerned with Nietzsche and Hitler), and pays tribute to Wittgenstein's influence on his thinking.
The Nuclear Peninsula
Authors: Zonabend Françoise
Published: February 2010

A quiet French country district is the site of a nuclear waste-processing plant. Francoise Zonabend describes the ways in which those working in the plant, and living nearby, come to terms with the risks in their daily lives. She provides a superb sociology of the nuclear work-place, with its divisions and hierarchies, and explains the often unexpected responses of the workers to the fear of radiation and contamination. The work is described euphemistically in terms of women's tasks - cleaning, cooking, preparing a soup - but the male workers subvert this language to create a more satisfying self-image. They divide workers into the cautious ('rentiers') and the bold ('kamikazes') who relish danger. By analysing work practices and the language of the work-place, the author shows how workers and locals can recognise the possibility of nuclear catastrophe while, at the same time, denying that it could ever happen to them. This is a major contribution to the anthropology of modern life.
Water and Power
Authors: Lowi Miriam R.
Published: February 2010

Why do states in arid regions fail to co-operate in sharing water resources when co-operation would appear to be in their mutual interest? Through in-depth analysis of the history and current status of the dispute over the Jordan River basin, Miriam Lowi explores the answers to these critical questions.
Quantitative Seismic Interpretation
Authors: Avseth Per , Mukerji Tapan , Mavko Gary
Published: February 2010

Quantitative Seismic Interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. The authors provide an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface reservoirs using well-log and seismic data. They illustrate the advantages of these new methodologies, while providing advice about limitations of the methods and traditional pitfalls. This book is aimed at graduate students, academics and industry professionals working in the areas of petroleum geoscience and exploration seismology. It will also interest environmental geophysicists seeking a quantitative subsurface characterization from shallow seismic data. The book includes problem sets and a case-study, for which seismic and well-log data, and Matlab codes are provided on a website (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521816014). These resources will allow readers to gain a hands-on understanding of the methodologies.
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures
Authors: Harris Peter J. F.
Published: February 2010

This 1999 book covers all the most important areas of nanotube research, as well as discussing related structures such as carbon nanoparticles and 'inorganic fullerenes'. Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale carbon fibres with structures related to those of the fullerenes. Since their discovery in 1991, they have captured the imagination of physicists, chemists and materials scientists alike. Physicists have been attracted to them because of their extraordinary electronic properties, chemists because of their potential as 'nano-test-tubes', and materials scientists because of their amazing stiffness, strength and resilience. On a more speculative level, nanotechnologists have considered possible nanotube-based gears and bearings. This was the first single-author book on carbon nanotubes. It will be of interest to chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers working on carbon materials and fullerenes from both an academic and industrial background.
Beyond Aesthetics
Authors: Carroll Noël
Published: February 2010

Beyond Aesthetics brings together philosophical essays addressing art and related issues by one of the foremost philosophers of art at work today. Countering conventional aesthetic theories - those maintaining that authorial intention, art history, morality and emotional responses are irrelevant to the experience of art - Noël Carroll argues for a more pluralistic and commonsensical view in which all of these factors can play a legitimate role in our encounter with art works. Throughout, the book combines philosophical theorizing with illustrative examples including works of high culture and the avant-garde, as well as works of popular culture, jokes, horror novels, and suspense films.
Bound Carbohydrates in Nature
Authors: Warren Leonard
Published: February 2010

This 1994 book is based on a series of six lectures delivered at the University of Sienna under the auspices of the Lezioni Lincee. The content of the book reflects and delineates the author's career in biochemical research. The lectures revolve around the special role which bound carbohydrates play in nature. Also discussed are the properties of membrane glycoproteins, involved in the resistance of cells to drugs. The metabolism of sugars and sialic acids, which form a pivotal role in the author's research, are covered in detail. The book chronicles just some of the huge advances which have been made in biochemistry over the past few decades and will prove an invaluable and entertaining first hand account for researchers and graduate students.
Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Authors: North Gerald R. , Erukhimova Tatiana L.
Published: February 2010

This textbook presents a uniquely integrated approach in linking both physics and chemistry to the study of atmospheric thermodynamics. The book explains the classical laws of thermodynamics, focuses on various fluid systems, and, recognising the increasing importance of chemistry in the meteorological and climate sciences, devotes a chapter to chemical thermodynamics which includes an overview of photochemistry. Although students are expected to have some background knowledge of calculus, general chemistry and classical physics, the book provides set-aside refresher boxes as useful reminders. It contains over 100 diagrams and graphs to supplement the discussions, and a similar number of worked examples and exercises, with solutions included at the end of the book. It is ideal for a single-semester advanced course on atmospheric thermodynamics, and will prepare students for higher-level synoptic and dynamics courses.
Dante and the Mystical Tradition
Authors: Botterill Steven
Published: February 2010

In this study, Steven Botterill explores the intellectual relationship between the greatest poet of the fourteenth century, Dante, and the greatest spiritual writer of the twelfth century, Bernard of Clairvaux. Botterill analyses the narrative episode involving Bernard as a character in the closing cantos of the Paradiso, against the background of his medieval reputation as a contemplative mystic, devotee of Mary, and, above all, a preacher of outstanding eloquence. Botterill draws on a wide range of materials to establish and illustrate the connections between Bernard's reputation and his portrayal in Dante's poem. Botterill's fresh approach to the analysis of the whole episode will provoke the reader to re-evaluate the significance and implications of Bernard's presence in the Commedia.
Narrative, Religion and Science
Authors: Prickett Stephen
Published: February 2010

An increasing number of contemporary scientists, philosophers and theologians downplay their professional authority and describe their work as simply 'telling stories about the world'. If this is so, Stephen Prickett argues, literary criticism can (and should) be applied to all these fields. Such new-found modesty is not necessarily postmodernist scepticism towards all grand narratives, but it often conceals a widespread confusion and naïvety about what 'telling stories', 'description' or 'narrative', actually involves. While postmodernists define 'narrative' in opposition to the experimental 'knowledge' of science (Lyotard), some scientists insist that science is itself story-telling (Gould); certain philosophers and theologians even see all knowledge simply as stories created by language (Rorty; Cupitt). Yet story telling is neither innocent nor empty-handed. Prickett argues that since the eighteenth century there have been only two possible ways of understanding the world: the fundamentalist, and the ironic.
Photonic Devices
Authors: Liu Jia-ming
Published: February 2010

Photonic devices lie at the heart of the communications revolution, and have become a large and important part of the electronic engineering field, so much so that many colleges now treat this as a subject in its own right. With this in mind, the author has put together a unique textbook covering every major photonic device, and striking a careful balance between theoretical and practical concepts. The book assumes a basic knowledge of optics, semiconductors and electromagnetic waves. Many of the key background concepts are reviewed in the first chapter. Devices covered include optical fibers, couplers, electro-optic devices, magneto-optic devices, lasers and photodetectors. Problems are included at the end of each chapter and a solutions set is available. The book is ideal for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, but being device driven it is also an excellent engineers' reference.
Introduction to Color Imaging Science
Authors: Lee Hsien-Che
Published: February 2010

Colour imaging technology has become almost ubiquitous in modern life in the form of monitors, liquid crystal screens, colour printers, scanners, and digital cameras. This book is a comprehensive guide to the scientific and engineering principles of colour imaging. It covers the physics of light and colour, how the eye and physical devices capture colour images, how colour is measured and calibrated, and how images are processed. It stresses physical principles and includes a wealth of real-world examples. The book will be of value to scientists and engineers in the colour imaging industry and, with homework problems, can also be used as a text for graduate courses on colour imaging.
The Legalization of Drugs
Authors: Husak Doug , de Marneffe Peter
Published: February 2010

In the United States today, the use or possession of many drugs is a criminal offense. Can these criminal laws be justified? What are the best reasons to punish or not to punish drug users? These are the fundamental issues debated in this book by two prominent philosophers of law. Douglas Husak argues in favor of drug decriminalization, by clarifying the meaning of crucial terms, such as legalize, decriminalize, and drugs; and by identifying the standards by which alternative drug policies should be assessed. He critically examines the reasons typically offered in favor of our current approach and explains why decriminalization is preferable. Peter de Marneffe argues against drug legalization, demonstrating why drug prohibition, especially the prohibition of heroin, is necessary to protect young people from self-destructive drug use. If the empirical assumptions of this argument are sound, he reasons, drug prohibition is perfectly compatible with our rights to liberty.
Lie Algebras of Finite and Affine Type
Authors: Carter Roger
Published: February 2010

Lie algebras have many varied applications, both in mathematics and mathematical physics. This book provides a thorough but relaxed mathematical treatment of the subject, including both the Cartan-Killing-Weyl theory of finite dimensional simple algebras and the more modern theory of Kac-Moody algebras. Proofs are given in detail and the only prerequisite is a sound knowledge of linear algebra. The first half of the book deals with classification of the finite dimensional simple Lie algebras and of their finite dimensional irreducible representations. The second half introduces the theory of Kac-Moody algebras, concentrating particularly on those of affine type. A brief account of Borcherds algebras is also included. An Appendix gives a summary of the basic properties of each Lie algebra of finite and affine type.
Relativistic Numerical Hydrodynamics
Authors: Wilson James R. , Mathews Grant J.
Published: February 2010

This book presents an overview of the computational framework in which calculations of relativistic hydrodynamics have been developed. It summarizes the jargon and methods used in the field, and provides illustrative applications to real physical systems. The authors explain how to break down the complexities of Einstein's equations and fluid dynamics, stressing the viability of the Euler-Lagrange approach to astrophysical problems. The book contains techniques and algorithms enabling one to build computer simulations of relativistic fluid problems for various astrophysical systems in one, two and three dimensions. It also shows the reader how to test relativistic hydrodynamics codes. Suitable for graduate courses on astrophysical hydrodynamics and relativistic astrophysics, this book also provides a valuable reference for researchers already working in the field.
Rational Herds
Authors: Chamley Christophe P.
Published: February 2010

Penguins jumping off a cliff, economic forecasters and financial advisors speculating against a currency, and farmers using traditional methods in India are all practising social learning. Such learning from the behavior of others may and does lead to herds, crashes, and booms. These issues have become, over the last ten years, an exciting field of research in theoretical and applied economics, finance, and in other social sciences. This book provides both an informal introduction and in-depth insights into the subject. Each chapter is devoted to a separate issue: individuals learn from the observations of actions, the outcomes of these actions, and from what others say. They may delay or make an immediate decision; they may compete against others or gain from cooperation; they make decisions about investment, crop choices, and financial investments. The book highlights the similarities and the differences between the various cases.