bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proximate Analysis of Tempeh Nuggets with the Addition of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Harahap Siti Nurlani , Novianty Lily , Sukapiring Dewi Novina
Published: August 2024

Basic human needs include nutritional needs. There are an increasing number of new and high-quality foods that perform optimally for human activities. Currently consumers prioritize food that is practical and easy to consume, one of which is nuggets. The popular nuggets is chicken nuggets which have a high fat content and cholesterol which is harmful for health. Currently there are developments of high-fiber nugget innovations through the optimization of tempeh and oyster mushrooms This study aims to analyze the proximate to determine the water content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fat content, and ash content in tempeh nuggets with the addition of oyster mushrooms. The method in this study uses an experimental method carried out in the laboratory by analyzing the water content, carbohydrate content, fat content, ash content, and protein content of the nuggets. Based on the research that has been conducted, the average results of the highest water content of tempeh nuggets combined with oyster mushrooms is in the S3 treatment (51.75%), protein content in the S3 treatment (13.747%), fat content in the S2 treatment (13.69%), ash content in the S1 treatment (6.057%) and carbohydrate content in the S1 treatment (27.113%)
Development of Integrated Electronic Module with Instructional Videos
Authors: Purba Santri Chintia
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted to develop a teaching material product for teaching Mathematics. The product developed is an electronic module containing instructional videos aimed at addressing common issues in online learning. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D). The R&D stages included analyzing field needs, designing the concept of the developed product, designing the product itself, and validating the product with three experts: Content Validator, Media Validator, and Language validator. Based on the questionnaire validation from the experts on the e-module development, the findings are as follows: Content validation scored 73.5 out of 75 in total, or 4.9 out of 5 on a scale of 5. The score interval obtained was 98%, indicating that the content validity criteria are highly valid. Language validation aspect indicated that the language used is highly valid, scoring 50 out of 50 in total, or 5 out of 5 on a scale of 5, meeting the 100% validity criteria. Media validation scored 65.33 out of 75, or 4.35 out of 5 on a scale of 5. The score interval obtained was 87%, indicating that the media validity criteria are very valid.
The Effect of Asian Parliamentary Debate to Hone Students’ Critical Thinking
Authors: Harefa Iman Setia
Published: August 2024

Various studies have shown that critical thinking development is vital in language learning as it facilitates language acquisition, helps communication skills improvement, and boosts language proficiency. This study aims to investigate the potential impact of the APD technique on students' critical thinking skills development.  Conducted in SMA Negeri 71 in Jakarta over a period of over 3 months data was collected through a pre-test and a post-test employing a critical thinking test called Watson-Glaser Test. The results indicated that APD has a significant effect on students' critical thinking abilities. The mean scores of the pre-test and post in the experimental group were 45.2 and 62.3 respectively while the mean pre-test and post-test scores in the control group were 40.56 and 52.1 respectively. The experimental group's critical thinking improved from a good level to an excellent level, while the control group's critical thinking improved from a good level to a very good level. Based on the findings, it was concluded that APD is beneficial in enhancing students' critical thinking skills.
The Relationship Among Seventh Grade Students' Participation in Online Games, English Vocabulary Mastery, and Learning Motivation
Authors: Lestari Eva Fidia , Firdaus Masagus , Yukamana Hanni
Published: August 2024

The pandemic has affected many aspects of our lives including education and that has caused the Government to provide alternative teaching methods and make recommendations for online learning. Since smartphones and laptops using the internet are the only tools for learning, students are increasingly playing online games and being exposed to English vocabulary. This research aimed at identifying and analyzing whether students' participation in online games and vocabulary mastery simultaneously correlate with their learning motivation. This research is a quantitative research with a correlation design. The research was conducted at SMPN I Koba, Central Bangka, Bangka Belitung, with 93 students as respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a Likert scale on the online games questionnaire and learning motivation and the Guttman scale on the vocabulary mastery questionnaire. The prerequisite test uses the normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test. Analysis using correlation analysis of r-Product moment and multiple regression analysis. The research results have shown that there is a correlation between students’ participation in online games and vocabulary mastery simultaneously with learning motivation.
The Influence of the Mother Tongue on English Pronunciation
Authors: Listyani  , Kurniawan Ardiyarso , Thren Andrew T.
Published: August 2024

Pronunciation is an area of language, which is easy to recognize and see. When a language learner makes an error in pronunciation, other people can identify the error easily. Mispronunciations are common errors that happen to English language learners in the Expanding Circle, in which English is a foreign language, like Indonesia. This paper deals with mispronunciations made by Indonesian language learners. The respondents were 14 students of a writing class in an English Language Education Program at a private university in Indonesia. They took the course during the pandemic era. The classes were therefore done online, and each virtual class was recorded. These students were video-recorded when reading certain parts of texts in the course. The findings showed that the 14 students made some mispronunciations due to several reasons like habits of pronouncing words in Indonesian and a lack of knowledge of the ideal notion of native speakers' pronunciation. It is hoped that this paper can be useful for EFL teachers teaching pronunciation as well as for students who are still struggling with their pronunciation in their efforts to gain native-like proficiency.
Paraphrasing Strategies and Levels of Proficiency of an AI-generated QuillBot and Paraphrasing Tool: Case Study of Scientific Research Abstracts
Authors: Chanpradit Thaweesak , Samran Phakkaramai , Saengpinit Siriprapa , Subkasin Pailin
Published: August 2024

AI-generated paraphrasing tools, especially QuillBot and Paraphrasing Tool, play a crucial role in preventing plagiarism in academic writing. However, their effectiveness and proficiency have been questioned, particularly regarding the adequacy of their strategies. This qualitative study analyzed the paraphrasing strategies and proficiency levels of QuillBot and Paraphrase Tool. Using a purposive sampling technique, all 30 abstracts from one issue of the Journal of Second Language Writing were paraphrased using the two paraphrasing tools in their standard modes, and the results were analyzed using the frameworks of Keck (2014) and Nabhan et al. (2021). The results of the study indicated that both tools primarily used synonym substitution, with QuillBot favoring word-level changes and Paraphrase Tool emphasizing sentence restructuring. QuillBot tended to show minimal revision, followed by moderate revision, while Paraphrase Tool exhibited more moderate revision, followed by minimal and substantial revision. Paraphrase Tool exhibited broader paraphrasing capability than QuillBot, but both tools show some paraphrasing limitations. Overall, while these tools may enhance some writing, writers should thoroughly review the core concepts of the original texts and grammatical structures in specific contexts. For novice writers, paraphrasing practice in classrooms should be conducted under teachers’ guidance. AI-generated tools should be secondary.
Interventions to Enhance English Teachers’ Participation in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Kalahari Circuit English as a Second Language Teachers’ Voices
Authors: Josua Lukas Matati , Iitula Leena Kaunapawa , Hamakali Hafeni Pamwenase Shikalepo , Amakali Justina Latenda
Published: August 2024

The paucity of English teachers in Namibia’s research output as well as practicing the scholarship of teaching and learning has been noticed and noted. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the views of English teachers in the Kalahari Circuit in the ||Kharas Region in Namibia on the effect of an intervention to enhance their willingness to conduct research and publish. The study used a questionnaire to collect qualitative and quantitative biographical data from the participants. The quantitative data were analysed using simple description while qualitative data were analysed using Renner and Tylor-Powell’s five steps for analysing narratives. The study revealed that, after participating in the research workshop, English teachers showed confidence to conduct research and publish their work. Furthermore, the participants suggested that the workshop should include all teachers, who need support from the agents in education. It was also found that the duration of the workshop should be extended and resources should be availed to teachers to conduct research for publication. The study recommended that this training should be rolled out to other regions while broadening the target scope.
Evaluation of Molina-Albir Translation Techniques Comprehension in Translation Class
Authors: Hidayat Arif , Lustyantie Ninuk , Murtadho Fathiaty
Published: August 2024

Translation is crucial in cross-cultural communication, especially in today's globalized world. Understanding translation techniques, such as the Molina-Albir technique, is key to producing high-quality translations. This study aims to evaluate the understanding and application of Molina-Albir translation techniques among English Literature students at Bina Sarana Informatics University. This descriptive qualitative research involves observing and analyzing the translation work of peers. It focuses on students in class 33.6A during the Even Period of 2022-2023, who will analyze their classmates' translations based on detailed instructions. Data is analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, with results validated by researchers and/or lecturers. The study found that 68% of students had a fair to very good understanding of Molina-Albir techniques, while many scored below 60%. Key issues included misidentification of techniques such as amplification, modulation, and adaptation, indicating a need for improved teaching methods.
A Flipped Classroom Based Virtual Learning Prototype for Developing Undergraduates’ English Receptive Skills
Authors: Jehma Hambalee , Prachyapruit Apipa , Methakunavudhi Pateep
Published: August 2024

This quasi-experimental research aimed to develop the prototype of virtual learning implemented in flipped classrooms and evaluate its effectiveness as a tool for developing Thai undergraduates’ English receptive skills. The experimental sample group were 40 undergraduates studying English as a required general education subject at a university in Thailand. They were purposively selected as their English proficiency level did not meet the university requirement of not lower than 600 of the TOEIC scores for graduation. The actual TOEIC tests as a pre and post tests have been employed to examine if the prototype was effective. The collected data from pre and post tests were, then, analyzed through the t-Test and ANOVA. The results showed that the designed prototype applied in teaching and learning through the three online virtual platforms, namely Second Life, VRChat, and the ClassStart in the flipped classrooms were effective for developing students’ English receptive skills as the overall development of students’ English receptive skills both listening and reading shown from their post-test English TOEIC scores had significant development, showing that the post-test scores were higher than that of their pre-test’s. Thereby, applying this prototype for language teaching and learning as a pedagogy was highly advised.
Co-molding High Temperature Erosion Coatings for Thermoset Polyimide Composites
Authors: Smith Kaylee , Rosania Colleen , Cook Joe , Clemons Jonathan , Bozicevich Richard
Published: August 2024

High temperature (200-260°C) military composite engine components made of carbon fiber thermoset materials are susceptible to erosion damage. Evidenced by wear seen during operation, erosion protection remains a challenge for composites in the engine air flow path. In this paper, we investigate polyetheretherketone (PEEK), thermoplastic polyimide (TPI), and ceramic fabric (Nextel™) as potential high temperature erosion coatings for thermoset polyimide composite engine components. We evaluate the erosion protection materials for two qualities: (1) co-moldability with thermoset polyimide composite panels, and (2) erosion resistance to a sandblasting test. Autoclave and compression molding were used to test co-moldability with different manufacturing methods. The compression molding process was optimized to reduce surface defects using a pre-imidization step before the erosion protection layer was applied and final cure was completed. Co-molded test panels were cut into small coupons for sandblasting. After 60 s of alumina sandblasting PEEK had negligible mass loss, whereas the TPI and ceramic fabric had roughly the same erosion rate as the uncoated polyimide laminate.
Manufacturing of Stretchable Wavy-Patterned Fiber-Reinforced Elastomer Composites and Its Behaviors Under Tensile Loading Conditions
Authors: Kim Garam , Su Roy , Lee Harry , Tackett Drake , Barocio Eduardo , Ropp Timothy D , Pipes R. Byron
Published: August 2024

The wavy-patterned carbon fiber reinforced elastomer composites that offered both the elongation characteristic of the elastomer and the stiffness of the fiber reinforcement before the elastomer reached its elongation at failure was introduced in this study. The goal of this study was to develop and demonstrate the manufacturing process of the wavy-patterned fiber-reinforced elastomer composites and investigate its behaviors under tensile loading conditions. A carbon fiber tow was impregnated with a silicone elastomer and placed in the test specimen manufacturing mold with a specific pattern using a wavy-patterned fiber placing jig. The silicone elastomer was then poured into the mold to cast test specimens. Various wavy-patterned fiber-reinforced elastomer composites, each with different allowed elongation levels and different amount of fiber, were designed and fabricated. Due to fiber slippage during the tensile test with the traditional test grip fixture, a roller grip fixture was used for the tensile test. The test results showed a unique behavior of the wavy-patterned fiber reinforced elastomer composites that elongated until the patterned fiber became straightened, providing additional stiffness to the test specimen under tensile loading. It was observed that the maximum strength and elongation at failure varied with different patterns and amounts of fiber. The unique failure mechanisms of the fiber-reinforced elastomer composite during the tensile test were analyzed and discussed. Despite the fiber being fully impregnated with the elastomer, weak adhesion between the fiber and elastomer led to disbonding between them.
HUBUNGAN TRIASE PASIEN DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN KELUARGA YANG DI RAWAT DI IGD
Authors: Huzaifah Zaqyyah
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Besarnya kunjungan pasien ke IGD maka diperlukan sistem Triase  untuk memilah pasien yang diprioritaskan mendapatkan pelayanan terlebih dahulu untuk antisipasi kepadatan pasien dan menghindari pasien tidak tertolong atau meninggal dunia akibat tidak mendapatkan pertolongan cepat. Pembagian triase salah satu penyebab umum keluarga merasa cemas, terlebih lagi jika keluarga tidak mengerti sistem triase yang digunakan mereka akan merasa diacuhkan dan takut jika anggota keluarganya tidak mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan segera.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan triase pasien dengan tingkat kecemasan keluarga di IGD.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain Cross Sectional dan sampel berjumlah 107 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan analisa data menggunakan Spearman Rank.
Hasil: hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p value= 0,012 yaitu ada hubungan triase pasien dengan tingkat kecemasan keluarga Di IGD.
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan triase pasien dengan tingkat kecemasan keluarga Di IGD
Faktor–Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Pengambilan Keputusan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD) Pada WUS Di Puskesmas Rantau Pulut 1
Authors: Yenny Okvitasari  , Siti Rochani  , Izma Daud
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Kontrasepsi merupakan sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk meminimalkan laju pertumbuhan penduduk. Metode alat kontrasepsi terbagi menjadi 2 kategori yaitu MKJP dan Non MKJP. Intra Uterine Device (IUD) merupakan alat kontrasepsi jangka panjang yang ideal dalam upaya pencegahan kehamilan.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pengambilan keputusan penggunaan kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD)  pada WUS .
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan Total Sampling dan jumlah responden sebanyak 134 WUS akseptor KB.  Pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuesioner pengetahuan.
Hasil: Hasil uji statistik Chi Square menunjukkan nilai p value (0,001) < α = (0,05) pada pengetahuan, nilai p value (0,001)< α =(0,05) pada usia, nilai p value (0,008) < α =(0,05) pada pendidikan, nilai p value (0,000) < α = (0,05) pada pengetahuan menunjukkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima atau ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, usia, pendidikan, dukungan suami terhadap rendahnya angka pengambilan keputusan penggunaan Intra Uterine Device Intra Uterine Device (IUD).
Kesimpulan: Hasil dari hubungan antar variabel adalah kuat dimana pengetahuan, usia, pendidikan, dukungan suami berhubungan  pengambilan keputusan penggunaan kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD)  dengan  sehingga dibutuhkan Konseling dan Edukasi yang lebih adekuat tentang kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD).
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Keluarga Dengan Efikasi Diri Remaja Di SMAN 1 Banjarmasin
Authors: Mariatul  , Dhian Ririn Lestari  , Eka Santi
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Remaja adalah masa peralihan dari masa kanak-kanak menuju dewasa. Pada masa remaja terjadi perubahan yang melibatkan tiga aspek (biologis, kognitif, dan sosial-emosional). Masa remaja disebut sebagai masa “storm and stress”. Remaja tidak terlepas dari permasalahan yang dapat bersumber dari berbagai macam faktor (internal maupun eksternal). Remaja perlu adanya dukungan. Dukungan yang paling penting didapatkan dari sosial keluarga, untuk membangun efikasi diri agar terhindar dari stres.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial keluarga dengan efikasi diri pada remaja di SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin.
Metode: Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling(n=258). Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner data demografi, Perceived Social Support-Family (PSS-Fa), dan General Self Efficacy Scale. Analisis data menggunakan uji Spearman.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara dukungan sosial keluarga dengan efikasi diri pada remaja  (p=0,760<0,05).
Kesimpulan: Data menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas remaja memiliki dukungan sosial keluarga yang buruk dan efikasi diri yang rendah. Mayoritas remaja di SMAN 1 Banjarmasin memiliki dukungan sosial keluarga yang buruk dan efikasi diri yang rendah. Sehingga didapatkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang kuat antara dukungan sosial keluarga dengan efikasi diri pada remaja di SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin
The click-evoked auditory brainstem response is not affected in auditory processing disorder: a meta-analysis systematic review
Authors: Maggu Akshay R. , Yu Ying , Overath Tobias
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Among several controversies surrounding the field of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD), one of the central unresolved topics is the putative neural origin of APD. More specifically, it is debated whether basic sensory auditory neural processes are affected in individuals with APD. The objective of the current study was to understand whether or not basic sensory auditory neural processes at the level of the brainstem are affected in those with APD.

Methods

We approached this question by conducting a meta-analysis of studies that compared the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) to brief non-speech sounds in individuals with vs. without APD. The ultimate criterion for a study to be included in this meta-analysis was the presence of both APD and non-APD groups on whom ABR waves I, III, and V were collected in response to clicks. In order to extract these studies, a list of inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed during our search using Google Scholar and PubMed databases (accessed between March 2021 and July 2023), resulting in the inclusion of 8 studies. From these studies, we retrieved ABR waves I, III, and V peak amplitude and latency measures.

Results

Overall, we found no significant differences between those with and without APD on the ABR waves peak latency (wave I: effect size = −0.0365, C.I. = 0.0384; wave III: effect size = −0.0540, C.I. = 0.1417; wave V: effect size = −0.0577, C.I. = 0.1589) and peak amplitude measures (wave I: effect size = 0.0327, C.I. = 0.0473; wave III: effect size = 0.1415, C.I. = 0.1648; wave V: effect size = 0.1281, C.I. = 0.1346).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the click-evoked ABR does not seem to be implicated in those with APD.
Application of the full-width-at-half-maximum image segmentation method to analyse retinal vascular changes in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Jiang Ligang , Liu Mengting , Yu Meiting , Lu Wei , Zhang Zhe , Tong Yuhua
Published: August 2024

Background

To investigate the correlation between retinal vascular changes and ICA stenosis by measuring retinal vessels using full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and intelligent image recognition.

Methods

This research selected patients who were admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department of Quzhou People’s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 and were preparing for Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS). Participants were divided into two groups: without ICA stenosis (Group 0) and with ICA stenosis (Group 1). A total of 109 cases were included in the study, with 50 cases in Group 1 and 59 cases in Group 0. Vascular images of superior temporal zone B of the retina were obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The edges of retinal vessels were identified by FWHM. Each vessel of all subjects was measured three times with the FWHM, and the average value was taken to obtain the retinal arteriolar lumen diameter (RALD), retinal arteriolar outer diameter (RAOD), retinal venular lumen diameter (RVLD), and retinal venular outer diameter (RVOD),Arterial Wall Thickness (AWT),Venular Wall Thickness (VWT)=(RVOD-RVLD)/2,Arteriovenous Ratio (AVR) = RAOD/RVOD.

Results

We found that compared to Group 0, Group 1 had smaller RALD (P < 0.001) and RAOD (P < 0.001), and wider RVOD (P < 0.001), with thicker VWT (P < 0.001). When compared with the contralateral eye in Group 1, the ipsilateral eye exhibited even smaller RALD,RAOD and AVR (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). After CAS, the RALD,RAOD and AVR in Group 1 increased (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001),while the RVLD and RVOD decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Our research reveals a significant correlation between retinal vascular changes and internal ICA stenosis.

Conclusion

Utilizing SD-OCT in conjunction with the FWHM,we achieved a non-invasive, intelligent, stable, and precise acquisition of data pertaining to retinal vessels. These findings underscore a significant correlation between alterations in retinal vascular structure and the presence of ICA stenosis, as demonstrated by our research.
Evaluation of phage-based decontamination in respiratory intensive care unit environments using ddPCR and 16S rRNA targeted sequencing techniques
Authors: Shi Yinghan , Zhang Weihua , Li Lina , Wu Wencai , Li Mengzhe , Xiao Kun , Wang Kaifei , Sheng Zhaojun , Xie Fei , Wang Xiuli , Shi Xin , Tong Yigang , Xie Lixin
Published: August 2024

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), primarily spread through environmental contamination in hospitals. The effectiveness of current chemical disinfectants is waning due to emerging resistance, which poses environmental hazards and fosters new resistance in pathogens. Developing environmentally friendly and effective disinfectants against multidrug-resistant organisms is increasingly important.

Methods

This study developed a bacteriophage cocktail targeting two common carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains, ST11 KL47 and ST11 KL64. The cocktail was used as an adjunctive disinfectant in a hospital’s respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) via ultrasonic nebulization. Digital PCR was used to quantify CRKP levels post-intervention. The microbial community composition was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the intervention’s impact on overall diversity.

Results

The phage cocktail significantly reduced CRKP levels within the first 24 hours post-treatment. While a slight increase in pathogen levels was observed after 24 hours, they remained significantly lower than those treated with conventional disinfectants. 16S rRNA sequencing showed a decrease in the target pathogens’ relative abundance, while overall species diversity remained stable, confirming that phages selectively target CRKP without disrupting ecological balance.

Discussion

The findings highlight the efficacy and safety of phage-based biocleaners as a sustainable alternative to conventional disinfectants. Phages selectively reduce multidrug-resistant pathogens while preserving microbial diversity, making them a promising tool for infection control.
A prognostic model for thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules based on interpretable machine learning
Authors: Li Zuolin , Nie Wei , Liu Qingfa , Lin Min , Li Xiaolian , Zhang Jiantang , Liu Tengfu , Deng Yongluo , Li Shuiping
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The detection rate of benign thyroid nodules is increasing every year, with some affected patients experiencing symptoms. Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation can reduce the volume of nodules to alleviate symptoms. As the degree and speed of lesion absorption vary greatly between individuals, an effective model to predict curative effect after ablation is lacking. This study aims to predict the efficacy of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules using machine learning and explain the characteristics affecting the nodule volume reduction ratio (VRR).

Design

Prospective study

Patients

The clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of patients who underwent ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules at our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were recorded.

Measurements

Six machine learning models (logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost], and Light Gradient Boosting Machine [LGBM]) were constructed to predict efficacy; the effectiveness of each model was evaluated, and the optimal model selected. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to visualize the decision process of the optimal model and analyze the characteristics affecting the VRR.

Results

In total, 518 benign thyroid nodules were included: 356 in the satisfactory group (VRR ≥70% 1 year after operation) and 162 in the unsatisfactory group. The optimal XGBoost model predicted satisfactory efficacy with 78.9% accuracy, 88.8% precision, 79.8% recall rate, an F1 value of 0.84 F1, and an area under the curve of 0.86. The top five characteristics that affected VRRs were the proportion of solid components < 20%, initial nodule volume, blood flow score, peripheral blood flow pattern, and proportion of solid components 50–80%.

Conclusions

The models, based on interpretable machine learning, predicted the VRR after thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules, which provided a reference for preoperative treatment decisions.
Enhancing landfill gas bio-desulfurization: operational insights and microbial dynamics from the Daegu Bangcheon-ri Sanitary Landfill
Authors: Cho Eunsue , You Young-Hyun , Back Chang-Gi , Hong Ji Won
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the efficacy of the Thiopaq bio-desulfurization system at the Daegu Bangcheon-ri Sanitary Landfill in Korea over 1 year focusing on operational insights and microbial dynamics. The system employs sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOBs) to convert hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in landfill gas (LFG) into elemental sulfur. Key findings include maintaining over 96% H2S removal efficiency despite operational challenges such as sulfur clogging and foam formation. Significant microbial community shifts were observed, with Thioalkalibacter halophilus remaining robust, Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii declining, and Halothiobacillus kellyi becoming more prominent, especially during new well installations with high thiol (methanethiol) concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological characteristics of bio-sulfur under varying conditions contributing to process optimization. Our results underscore the necessity for continuous monitoring and adaptive management of microbial populations and system parameters to effectively handle fluctuating LFG compositions and operational conditions. This study provides substantial guidance for enhancing LFG quality and bio-sulfur production in large-scale landfills.
Reporting quality and risk of bias of randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wu Jing-Ying , Yang Jiang-Li , Hu Jia-Ling , Xu Shan , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Qian Shi-Yan , Chen Min-Li , Ali Mahad Abdulkadir , Zhang Juan , Zha Zheng , Zheng Guo-Qing
Published: August 2024

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic disabling disease affecting young adults. A definitive curative treatment is currently unavailable. Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on MS. Because of the uncertain quality of these RCTs, the recommendations for routine use of CHM for MS remain inconclusive. The comprehensive evaluation of the quality of RCTs of CHM for MS is urgent.

Methods

Nine databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Sinomed, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP Database, were searched from inception to September 2023. RCTs comparing CHM with placebo or pharmacological interventions for MS were considered eligible. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and its extension for CHM formulas (CONSORT-CHM Formulas) checklists were used to evaluate the reporting quality of RCTs. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The selection criteria of high-frequency herbs for MS were those with cumulative frequency over 50% among the top-ranked herbs.

Results

A total of 25 RCTs were included. In the included RCTs, 33% of the CONSORT items and 21% of the CONSORT-CHM Formulas items were reported. Eligibility title, sample size calculation, allocation concealment, randomized implementation, and blinded description in CONSORT core items were reported by less than 5% of trials. For the CONSORT-CHM Formulas, the source and authentication method of each CHM ingredient was particularly poorly reported. Most studies classified the risk of bias as “unclear” due to insufficient information. The top five most frequently used herbs were, in order, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Rehmanniae Recens, Herba Epimedii, Scorpio, and Poria. No serious adverse effect had been reported.

Conclusions

The low reporting of CONSORT items and the unclear risk of bias indicate the inadequate quality of RCTs in terms of reporting completeness and result validity. The CONSORT-CHM Formulas appropriately consider the unique characteristics of CHM, including principles, formulas, and Chinese medicinal substances. To improve the quality of RCTs on CHM for MS, researchers should adhere more closely to CONSORT-CHM Formulas guidelines and ensure comprehensive disclosure of all study design elements.
Key role of activated platelets in the enhanced adhesion of circulating leucocyte-platelet aggregates to the dysfunctional endothelium in early-stage COPD
Authors: Marques Patrice , Bocigas Irene , Domingo Elena , Francisco Vera , Tarraso Julia , Garcia-Sanjuan Yolanda , Morcillo Esteban J. , Piqueras Laura , Signes-Costa Jaime , González Cruz , Sanz Maria-Jesus
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), usually caused by long-term tobacco smoking, is independently associated with systemic inflammation. However, little is known about the systemic inflammatory status of patients with early-stage COPD (classified as GOLD 1) and long-term smokers with normal lung function (LF). Here, we characterised the early changes in the associated inflammatory state in patients with GOLD 1 and in long-term smokers with normal LF.

Methods

Fresh blood samples from 27 patients with GOLD 1, 27 long-term smokers and 14 non-smokers were analysed.

Results

Ex vivo blood analysis revealed greater leucocyte-platelet adhesion to TNFα-stimulated pulmonary endothelium in patients with GOLD 1 than in smokers and non-smokers. In addition, platelet reactivity (platelet count and activation, and fibrinogen levels) and the frequency of leucocyte-platelet aggregates were higher in the GOLD 1 group than in the other groups. Some of these findings correlated with the severity of lung dysfunction, while platelet hyperactivity correlated positively with leucocyte-platelet adhesion. The GOLD 1 group also had a higher Th17/Treg ratio and higher circulating levels of IL-17C and C-reactive protein than the other groups. However, long-term smokers also had higher leucocyte counts and activation, and higher plasma levels of TNFα and IL-6 than non-smokers.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that the altered inflammatory parameters in long-term smokers may represent early biomarkers of COPD. Accordingly, peripheral immune monitoring based on the above parameters may be useful to prevent disease progression in long-term smokers with normal LF and early COPD.
Antiviral activity of bovine type III interferon against bovine viral diarrhea virus is greatly reduced in bovine turbinate cells due to limited expression of IFN lambda receptor 1 (IL-28Rα)
Authors: Dassanayake Rohana P. , Menghwar Harish , Bickel Kathryn A. , Holthausen David J. , Ma Hao , Diaz-San Segunda Fayna , Rodriguez-Calzada Monica , Medina Gisselle N. , Attreed Sarah , Falkenberg Shollie M. , Kanipe Carly , Sacco Randy E. , De Los Santos Teresa , Casas Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The antiviral activity of recombinant bovine interferon lambda 3 (bovIFN-λ3) against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been demonstrated in vitro in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK) and in vivo in cattle. However, anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 has not been studied in bovine respiratory tract epithelial cells, supposedly a primary target of BVDV infection when entering the host by the oronasal route.

Methods

Here we investigated the anti-BVDV activity of bovIFN-λ3 in bovine turbinate-derived primary epithelial cells (BTu) using BVDV infection and immunoperoxidase staining, TCID50, RT-qPCR, DNA and transcriptome sequencing, and transfection with plasmids containing the two subunits, IL-28Rα and IL-10Rβ that constitute the bovIFN-λ3 receptor.

Results

Our immunoperoxidase staining, RT-qPCR, and TCID50 results show that while BVDV was successfully cleared in MDBK cells treated with bovIFN-λ3 and bovIFN-α, only the latter, bovIFN-α, cleared BVDV in BTu cells. Preincubation of MDBK cells with bovIFN-λ3 before BVDV infection was needed to induce optimal antiviral state. Both cell types displayed intact type I and III IFN signaling pathways and expressed similar levels of IL-10Rβ subunit of the type III IFN receptor. Sequencing of PCR amplicon of the IL-28Rα subunit revealed intact transmembrane domain and lack of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BTu cells. However, RT-qPCR and transcriptomic analyses showed a lower expression of IL-28Rα transcripts in BTu cells as compared to MDBK cells. Interestingly, transfection of BTu cells with a plasmid encoding IL-28Rα subunit, but not IL-10Rβ subunit, established the bovIFN-λ3 sensitivity showing similar anti-BVDV activity to the response in MDBK cells.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of cells to bovIFN-λ3 depends not only on the quality but also of the quantity of the IL-28Rα subunit of the heterodimeric receptor. A reduction in IL-28Rα transcript expression was detected in BTu as compared to MDBK cells, despite the absence of spliced variants or SNPs. The establishment of bovIFN-λ3 induced anti-BVDV activity in BTu cells transfected with an IL-28Rα plasmid suggests that the level of expression of this receptor subunit is crucial for the specific antiviral activity of type III IFN in these cells.
From inception to innovation: bibliometric analysis of the evolution, hotspots, and trends in implantable collamer lens surgery research
Authors: Zhang Qing , Gong Di , Li Kunke , Dang Kuanrong , Wang Yun , Pan Changfeng , Yan Zonghui , Yang Weihua
Published: August 2024

Background

As one of several refractive surgeries, Implant Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery offers stable biocompatibility and consistent, high-quality visual outcomes. ICL has become an effective complement to corneal refractive surgery, gradually becoming one of the mainstream methods for correcting refractive errors. This study employs bibliometric methods to analyze research on ICL surgery to understand the progress, hotspots, and potential future trends in this field.

Methods

This study performed a bibliometric analysis of all ICL-related articles collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database between January 1st, 1996, and December 31st, 2023. The CiteSpace 6.2.R4 tool, Excel and the Web of Science website were used to analyze data by country, institution, keywords, and clusters of keywords. Additionally, an in-depth interpretation and analysis were conducted on the field’s high-impact articles.

Results

Since the first clinical application report of ICL, there have been a total of 875 studies. The number of papers published annually has shown an overall increasing trend. Studies published from China are the most numerous, accounting for 29.14% (n = 255) of the total. Among the institutions, Fudan University and Kitasato University both have published more than 50 papers, with Kitasato University having the highest H-index of 26. The journals with the top 10 publication volumes are all specialized in ophthalmology. The burst keywords since the introduction of ICL surgery have been “intraocular lens,” “refractive surgery,” and “cataract surgery.” The current burst keywords include “visual quality,” “vector analysis,” “axial length,” etc. The results of keyword clustering included ICL, pIOL, high myopia, axial length, optical quality, refractive surgery, ICL implantation, and pupil size. In the High-impact Articles, it was found that the high-impact articles predominantly focus on the safety, efficacy, and predictability of ICL surgery.

Conclusion

Research on ICL has grown since its clinical introduction, with the advent of the central hole ICL sparking a surge in recent hotspots, particularly in China. Current hotpots in the field of ICL surgery are “visual quality,” “ICL implantation,” “vector analysis,” “axial length,” “evo ICL,” “ICL v4c,” and “ICL.” ICL surgery research trends have evolved from implantation techniques to biological parameters associated with ICL surgery and the benefits of new ICL designs.
Diagnosis of contralateral rare pulmonary cavity metastasis after lung squamous cell carcinoma surgery by electromagnetic navigation: one case report and review of the literature
Authors: Li Zhengjun , Wang Xiaoge , Liu Chang , Ren Yi
Published: August 2024

Background

Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces is a rare disease, and a rare imaging performance of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the lack of conventional diagnosis methods, it is difficult to rely on imaging diagnosis. Therefore, the definitive diagnosis of these neoplastic lesions remains challenging.

Case presentation

We summarize the follow-up and diagnosis of a rare cystic airspaces lung metastatic carcinoma in an elderly man with annular density shadow in the right inferior lobe 2 years after surgery for squamous cell carcinoma in the left inferior lobe.

Results

During the follow-up of the patient, after the lesion of the lower lobe of the right lung was enlarged, the structural and imaging characteristics were identified, and a special method was selected, namely biopsy of the lesion under the electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope, for clear diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

Conclusion

For pulmonary cystic airspaces, it is important to correctly identify their imaging features. Because of the possibility of malignancy, it is essential to stop the radiological study in time and to acquire the pathological diagnosis by an appropriate method.
Recurrent neural network for trajectory tracking control of manipulator with unknown mass matrix
Authors: Li Jian , Su Junming , Yu Weilin , Mao Xuping , Liu Zipeng , Fu Haitao
Published: August 2024

Real-world robotic operations often face uncertainties that can impede accurate control of manipulators. This study proposes a recurrent neural network (RNN) combining kinematic and dynamic models to address this issue. Assuming an unknown mass matrix, the proposed method enables effective trajectory tracking for manipulators. In detail, a kinematic controller is designed to determine the desired joint acceleration for a given task with error feedback. Subsequently, integrated with the kinematics controller, the RNN is proposed to combine the robot's dynamic model and a mass matrix estimator. This integration allows the manipulator system to handle uncertainties and synchronously achieve trajectory tracking effectively. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the learning and control capabilities of the RNN. Simulative experiments conducted on a Franka Emika Panda manipulator, and comparisons validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
A double-blind intervention trial in healthy women demonstrates the beneficial impact on Bifidobacterium with low dosages of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides
Authors: Looijesteijn Ellen , Schoemaker Marieke H. , van den Belt Maartje , Hester Eric R. , Kortman Guus A. M. , Viskaal-van Dongen Mirre , Nauta Arjen
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are well-substantiated prebiotic substrates. Multiple studies have demonstrated a positive impact of GOS on gut microbiota composition and activity, so-far mainly related to Bifidobacterium. However, data on the beneficial impact at lower dosages in a healthy female population are limited. The primary aim of the current study was to reveal the effect of low dosages (1.3 and 2.0 g) of GOS on fecal Bifidobacterium abundance in healthy women. Other outcomes included the effect of low dosage of GOS on overall fecal microbiota composition and on self-perceived GI comfort, sleep quality and mental wellbeing.

Method

Eighty-eight healthy women (42–70 years, BMI 18.7–30 kg/m2) were included in this randomized, parallel, double-blind study of 6 weeks. The participants were stratified for fiber intake, BMI and age and randomized to consume either 1.3 or 2.0 g of GOS per day for 3 weeks after a control period of 3 weeks without any intervention. Fecal samples were collected for shotgun metagenomics sequencing at the start (t = −3) and end (t = 0) of the control period and at the end of the intervention period (t = 3). Self-perceived gut comfort, sleep quality, and mental wellbeing were assessed weekly. Hierarchical clustering of principal components was applied to data collected from study participants.

Results

The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in feces increased significantly after 3 weeks of daily consumption of both 1.3 g (p < 0.01) and 2.0 g GOS (p < 0.01). This was accompanied by a significant shift in the overall microbiota composition for the dosage of 2.0 g GOS (p < 0.01). Participants that showed a larger increase in Bifidobacterium in the intervention period compared to the change in Bifidobacterium in the control period, defined as responders, showed a significant overall difference in initial fecal microbiota composition as compared to non-responders (p = 0.04) and a trend towards lower baseline levels of Bifidobacterium in responders (p = 0.10).

Conclusion

Daily consumption of a low dose of GOS can lead to an increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in feces of healthy women. Additionally, with 2.0 g GOS, the enrichment of Bifidobacterium is accompanied with a shift in the overall microbiota composition.

Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05762965.