bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological basis of orthotransformed space images application for the environmental assessment and software of research
Authors: Lunova Oksana , Buglak Oleksandra
Published: October 2019

In the conditions of scientific and technological progress, the relationship of society with nature has become much more complicated. Man got the opportunity to influence the course of natural processes, started to use almost all available renewable and non-renewable natural resources, and as a result, began to pollute and destroy the environment. Specialists of the State Ecological Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management, within the framework of the scientific work “Development of the methodological basis of orthotransformed satellite imagery application in environmental assessment”, solved an actual scientific and applied task, which is to form a methodological basis for the use of orthotransformed satellite imagery to create information services for environmental monitoring of objects of critical infrastructure and expanding the capacity of the National Center of the provision of central executive authorities of information about the results of environmental monitoring based on space systems data through the development of methods of using orthotransformated satellite imagery for the assessment of the environmental state. The possibilities of using multispectral space images to assess the state of the environment are determined and the necessary software for this is given. Based on the classification algorithm of enterprises and objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, a GIS-compatible database of objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine classified by their environmental impact was developed and a methodology for using orthotransformed satellite imagery was developed to assess the impact of the corresponding categories of critical infrastructure facilities of Ukraine on the state of the environment. During creating the ideology of geographic information systems, the requirements for technical means on which the service should be deployed, the procedure for maintaining, filling and updating the database of objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, the mechanism and procedure for visualizing impact assessments of all objects of the developed base based on GIS-systems.
Methodological scheme for ranking interval expert estimates of the territories hydrocarbon potential
Authors: Popov Mykhailo , Zaitsev Oleksandr , Piestova Iryna
Published: October 2019

The problem of priorities establishing for expert interval-valued estimations when experts hold the opposite opinion is considered. The whole group of expert estimates is subdivided into subgroups, first of which provides the probability of the deposit presence, and the second one provides the probability of deposit missing. A ranking methodology for interval expert estimates of the territories’ hydrocarbon potential, consisting of two stages, is proposed. At the first stage, an estimates formed by two subgroups of experts are separately aggregated by optimization. Two aggregated interval estimates of the corresponding hypotheses probabilities are obtained as a result. In the second stage, a priority estimate is determined by comparing the results. A numerical example of the test territory evaluating for a hydrocarbon deposit presence was calculated. Interval-valued estimates by five experts were used in this example for the hypotheses of hydrocarbons presence/missing. Various metrics of the distance between interval values were used to calculate persistent minima of aggregating estimates. The results of the calculations indicate the hypothesis’ priority of a hydrocarbon deposit presence within the study area. The proposed methodology for ranking interval-valued expert estimates can be used in the “Geologist’s Computer Assistant” software system.The problem of priorities establishing for expert interval-valued estimations when experts hold the opposite opinion is considered. The whole group of expert estimates is subdivided into subgroups, first of which provides the probability of the deposit presence, and the second one provides the probability of deposit missing. A ranking methodology for interval expert estimates of the territories’ hydrocarbon potential, consisting of two stages, is proposed. At the first stage, an estimates formed by two subgroups of experts are separately aggregated by optimization. Two aggregated interval estimates of the corresponding hypotheses probabilities are obtained as a result. In the second stage, a priority estimate is determined by comparing the results. A numerical example of the test territory evaluating for a hydrocarbon deposit presence was calculated. Interval-valued estimates by five experts were used in this example for the hypotheses of hydrocarbons presence/missing. Various metrics of the distance between interval values were used to calculate persistent minima of aggregating estimates. The results of the calculations indicate the hypothesis’ priority of a hydrocarbon deposit presence within the study area. The proposed methodology for ranking interval-valued expert estimates can be used in the “Geologist’s Computer Assistant” software system.
Satellite monitoring features of crystalline rocks mining territories within Zhitomyr region based on optical and radar remote sensing data
Authors: Shevchuk Ruslan , Filipovych Volodymyr , Mychak Anton , Lybskyi Mykola
Published: October 2019

Opportunities of optical and radar satellite data application for ecological state and reclamation quality assessment of disturbed by crystalline rocks open cast mining lands are considered in the article. Digital elevation models analysis is proposed for the problem of identification of mines among rock dumps and rocky outcrops solution. Radar interferograms were used as source data for DEM creating. The research was performed on three study sites within Korostishiv, Cherniahiv and Khoroshiv districts of Zhitomir region. As result of the study an abandoned quarry with no reclamation done and an illegal stone processing waste dump were found. It is stated that environmental impact of crystalline rock open cast mining not as serious as ilmenite or amber open cast mining impacts and facts of violation of law caused by mining activities were not found.
КОРЕЙС ТИЛИДАГИ 좀ДИСКУРС МАРКЕРИ ВАУНИНГ МАЪНОЛАРИ
Authors: TEMIRBULATOVA Indira
Published: October 2019

Мақолада корейс тилидаги 좀дискурс маркерининг функционал хусусиятларини ўрганилган, 좀дискурс маркери иштирок этган диалоглардаги инкор этиш, таъкидлаш, кучсизлантириш каби бир қанча маъно хусусиятлари батафсил таҳлил қилинган. Суҳбатдош билан мулоқотда 좀дискурс маркери аудиториянинг эътиборини қаратишни назарда тутади, мулоқотга киришилганда тингловчининг диққатини жалб қилишга ёрдам беради. Таҳлиллар шуникўрсатадики, корейс тилидаги 좀дис курс маркерига эга жумлалар суҳбатдошлар диалогида камтарлик ва таъкид, кучсизлантириш ва инкор этиш каби турли маъноларни ифодалашда фаол қўлланилади.
Статья посвящена функциональным особенностям маркера 좀в корейском языке. Автор проводит анализ значений, таких как отрицание, выделение, унижение в диалогах с маркером 좀. В разговоре с говорящим 좀указывает на желание обратить внимание или привлечь внимание аудитории. Анализ показывает, что фраза с маркером 좀на корейском языке активно используется в диалоге собеседников, выражая различные значения, такие как смирение и акцент, ослабление, отрицание.
This article focuses on the functional features of the 좀marker in Korean, with a detailed analysis of the properties of the meaning of several values, such as denial, selection, and humiliation in dialogs with the marker 좀. In a conversation with the speaker, 좀indicates a desire to pay attention or attract the attention of the audience. The analysis shows that the phrase with the marker 좀 in Korean is actively used in the dialogue of interlocutors, expressing various meanings, such as humility and emphasis, weakening, denial.
BLENDED LEARNING: SUPPORTING STUDENTS’ LEARNING AND ENHANCING THEIR EXPERIENCE — A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: ABDUKADIROVA Gulbaxor , KHAMROEVA Gulrukh
Published: October 2019

This review article provides an analysis of the researches conducted during the last two decades on the topic of blended learning in teaching and learning process. Some studies which highlighted the benefits of blended learning had been analyzed in order to develop new features of effectiveness and efficiency of this innovative concept. As a result, 15 journal articles, 6 published books and several commentaries were identified, read, evaluated, and synthesized. Some general principles regarding best practices in online education and blended learning will be shared with cautions against broad generalization.
Маколада сўнгги йигирма йилда таълим ва ўкув жараёнида аралашган таълим мавзуси бўйича ўтказилган тадқиқотлар таҳлили тақдим этилган. Ушбу инновацион концепциянинг самарадорлиги ва самарадорликнинг янги хусусиятларини ишлаб чикиш мақсадида аралаш таълим тадқиқ этилган бир қанча илмий ишлар ўрганилган. Ўн бешта илмий мақола, олтита китоб ва кўплаб тақризлар ўрганилди, баҳоланди ва умумий хулосалар чиқарилди. Онлайн таълим ва аралаш таълимнинг шу пайтгача маълум бўлган энг яхши амалиётларига оид айрим умумий принциплар кенг умумлаштиришдан ҳоли тарзда изоҳланди.
В данной обзорной статье приводится анализ исследований, проведенных в течение последних двух десятилетий по теме смешанного обучения в процессе преподавания. Некоторые исследования, в которых подчеркивалось преимущество смешанного обучения, были проанализированы с целью разработки новых характеристик эффективности и действенности этой инновационной концепции. В результате было проанализировано 15 журнальных статей, 6 опубликованных книг и несколько комментариев. Некоторые общие принципы, касающиеся практики в области онлайн-образования и смешанного обучения, будут изложены с предостережением от широкого обобщения.
ТАЪЛИМ ТИЗИМИДА РУБОИЙ ВАЗНЛАРИНИ ЎҚИТИШ ТАЖРИБАСИДАН
Authors: YUSUPOVA Dilnavoz
Published: October 2019

Ўзбек мумтоз адабиётининг ажралмас қисми саналган аруз тизимини чуқур билмаслик мумтоз жанрларда яратилган бадиий намуналар моҳиятини тўла англашда мураккабликлар туғдиради. Шундан келиб чиқиб, мазкур мақолада олий таълимнинг филологик йўналишларида аруз вазни, хусусан, рубоий вазнларини осон ва самарали асосда ўқитиш биланбоғлиқ мулоҳазалар баён қилинади.
Незнание поэтической системы аруз, которая является неотъемлемой частью узбекской классической литературы, создает сложности в полном понимании сущности художественных образцов, созданных в классических жанрах. Исходя из этого, в данной статье рассматриваются способы, с помощью которых в филологических направлениях высшего образования можно будет легко и эффективно обучать этой системе.
Not knowing the poetic system of aruz, which is an integral part of the Uzbek classical literature, it is difficult in fully understand the essence of artistic patterns created in classical genres. Based on this, this article examines the ways by which it will be possible to easily and effectively teach this system in the philological areas of higher education.
“ПАРМА ИБОДАТХОНАСИ” РОМАНИ ТАРЖИМАЛАРИНИНГ ҚИЁСИЙ ТАҲЛИЛИ
Authors: АСHILOVA Dilnoza
Published: October 2019

Муаллиф француз ёзувчиси Стендал қаламига мансуб “Парма ибодатхонаси” романининг ўзбек ва рус тилидаги таржималарини қиёсий ўрганган. Мақолада Ҳасан Тўрабеков таржимасиасос қилиб олинган. Шунингдек таржимон маҳорати, ҳис-туйғуларни аниқ тасвирловчи ибораларни ўз ўрнида қўллай олгани, асар бош қаҳрамони Фабрицио дел Донго образини маҳорат билан қайта яратилганлиги хусусида сўз боради. Мазкур мавзу қиёсий-тавсифий метод асосида тадқиқ этилган.
В статье посредством сопоставления проанализированы переводы на русский и узбекский языки романа французского писателя Стендаля “Пармская обитель”. В статье приведены примеры перевода Хасана Турабекова.Также говорится о профессиональном мастерстве переводчика, уместном применении языковых единиц, выражающих чувства, искусном воссоздании образаглавного героя романа Фабрицио дель Донго.
The article analyzes the translations into Russian and Uzbek of the novel by the frenche writer Stendhal “The charterhouse of Parma”.This article provides some examples of translation of Khassan Turabekov.In addition, it is said about professional skills of the translator, the appropriate usage of language units that express fellings,skill ful reconstruction of the protagonist of the novel-Fabricio del Dongo. This subject was being studied on the basis of the comparative- descriptive method.
ЭРКИН АЪЗАМНИНГ “ШОВҚИН” РОМАНИ ТАРЖИМАСИДА МИЛЛИЙ ХАРАКТЕРГА ХОС ХУСУСИЯТЛАРНИНГ БЕРИЛИШИ
Authors: BAROTOVA Mubashira
Published: October 2019

Эркин Аъзам асарлари дунё тилларига ўгирилмоқда. Мақолада ёзувчининг “Шовқин” романининг инглиз тилига таржимасида миллий хусусиятларнинг берилиши аслият билан қиёслаб ўрганилган.“Шовқин” романи миллий руҳияти билан ажралиб туради. Асар Аъзам Обидов томон идан инглиз тилига таржима қилинган. Муаллиф асарнинг инглизча таржимасига хос хусусиятларни умумлаштиради. Қиёсларшуни кўрсатадики, мутаржим аслиятни етказшга ҳаракат қилган. Бу, хусусан, ўзбек характерига хос хусусиятлар ифодасида кўринади. Бироқ романтаржимасида айрим ноқисликлар ҳам кузатилади. Бу портрет ва характерлар тасвирида, сўз ва иборалар таржимасида кўпроқ кўзга ташланади. Асар таржимасидан мақсад – ўзбек халқи ҳаёти саҳифаларини дунё китобхонларига етказиш, халқлар, адабиётлар, маданиятлараро алоқаларни мустаҳкамлашга қаратилган.
Работы Эркина Азама переведены на разные языкимира . В частностина английский язык, перевод на который литературных произведений автора является своеобразным. В статье исследуются особенности перевода национальных особенностей романа «Шовкин» («Шум») на основе сравнительного анализа.Роман Эркина Азама «Шум»отличается своим национальным духом. Это произведениебыл опереведенона английский язык Агзамом Обидовым, котороеявляется одним из больших достижений переводчика. Перевод романа и сравнительный анализ показывают, что переводчик Азам Обидов стремился передать оригинальность работы, особенно это касается характерных черт узбекского характера. Тем не менеероман содержит некоторые недостатки, которые наблюдаются впереводе изображения портретов и персонажей, определенных слов и фраз. Цель перевода романа — донести читателю особенности жизни узбекского народа, укрепить узыдружбы народов, узнать литературуУзбекистана.
The works by Erkin Azam are being translated into many world languages. Specifically, there are unique characteristics of the English translation of the literary works by Erkin Azam. The article deals with the translation of the national features of the novel on the basis of a comparative analysis. One of the most prominent representatives of the modern Uzbek literature, Erkin Agzam's work, "Shovqin", is distinguished by its national-cultural spirit. The work has been translated into English by Agzam Obidov. The article summarizes the national features of the novel. The interpretation and a comparative analysis shows that the translator Azam Obidov did his best to message the readers the originality of the work, which is observed in particular on the features of the Uzbek character. However, there are some drawbacks, in terms of the description of the portraits and characters in the translation of particular words and phrases. The purpose of the translation is to introduce the Uzbek people’s lifestyle to the readers of the world; to strengthen the communication among people, literature, and intercultural society.
МОДЕЛИ ЖУРНАЛИСТСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: MUMINOVA Fatima
Published: October 2019

В статье рассматриваются модели и формы обучения журналистов, исторические этапы и социальные запросы на подготовку работников СМИ, отличие понятий массовая коммуникация и журналистика. Акцентируется внимание на становление журналистики как сферы образования и науки, выделение в ней изучаемых курсов, предметов и направлений исследования. Показаны особенности и проблемы журналистского образования в Узбекистане.
Мақолада журналистларни ўқитишнинг моделлари ва шакллари, ОАВ ходимлар кадрларни таёрлашда тарихий босқичлари ва ижтимоий талаблари, оммавий коммуникация ва журналистика тушунчалари ўртасидаги фарқлари кўрсатилди. Мақолада журналистика таълим ва фан соҳалари сифатида ривожларишга эътибор қаратилиб, унда ўқита лаётган курслар, фанлар ва олиб борётган изланишлари ҳақида фикр юритилган. Ўзбекистонда журналистика таълимнинг хусусиятлари ва муаммолари кўрсатилган.
The article discusses the models and forms of training for journalists, historical stages and social requests for the training of media workers, the difference between the concepts of mass communication and journalism. Attention is focused on the development of journalism as a sphere of education and science, highlighting in it the courses, subjects and areas of research studied. The analysis of the features and problems of journalistic education in Uzbekistan is given.
ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДАГИ ЕТАКЧИ АХБОРОТ АГЕНТЛИКЛАРИ МАТЕРИЛЛАРИ ТАҲЛИЛИ
Authors: ALIMOV Beruniy
Published: October 2019

Мамлакат имижини ривожлантириш жараёнида ахборот агентликлари муҳим аҳамият касб этади. Чунки улар аудитория қамрови ва тарқатилаётган контентнинг салмоғи, кўтарилаётган мавзуларнинг жиддийлиги билан бошқа миллий ОАВ платформаларидан фарқ қилади. Уларни, образли қилиб айтганда, “асосий ахборот фабрикарлари” деб аташ мумкин. Ушбу мақолада Ўзбекистондаги етакчи ахборот агентликлари материаллари мамлакат имижига таъсири нуқтаи назаридан таҳлил қилинади.
Информационные агентства играют ключевую роль в развитии имиджа страны, потому что они отличаются от других национальных медийных платформ охватом аудитории, контентом распространяемого материала и серьезностью поднятых вопросов. Их можно назвать «основными информационными фабриками». В данной статье анализируются материалы ведущих информационных агентств Узбекистана с точки зрения их влияния на имидж страны.
Information agencies play a key role in the development of the country's image. Because they differ from other national media platforms, audience coverage, content of distributed content and the seriousness of the issues raised. They can be called «main information factories».This article analyzes the materials of the leading news agencies of Uzbekistan in terms of their influence on the image of the country.
RTÜK KURUMSAL İMAJI: 2019–2023 STRATEJİK PLANI ÇERÇEVESİNDE
Authors: AKALIN Ahmet
Published: October 2019

Türkiye’de görsel işitsel medyayı düzenleyen ve denetleyen Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu (RTÜK) çeyrek asırdır faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Türkiye’de görsel işitsel medya alanında düzenleme, denetleme ve sektöreyönelik politikalar geliştirmek RTÜK’ün ana faaliyet alanlarıdır. Ancak, bugüne kadar işlemlerin büyük çoğunluğu denetleme kapsamında yapılmıştır ve RTÜK kamuoyunda çoğunlukla denetleme yapan ve ceza veren bir kurum imajı oluşturmuştur.2018 yılında RTÜK,üçüncü kez beş yıllık stratejik plan hazırlamıştır. Bu planda kurumsal imaj sorunsalından yola çıkarak 2019-2023 döneminde kuramsal imajı olumlu yönde geliştirmek hedeflenmiştir. Bu hedef “RTÜK’ü ulusal ve uluslararası alanda tanıtmak, kurumsal imaj ve itibarını güçlendirici çalışmalar yapmak” olarak ifade edilmiştir.Bu çalışmada da kuruluşundan günümüze RTÜK imajı irdelendikten sonra RTÜK 2019-2023 Stratejik Planında kurumsal imaj ile ilgili proje faaliyetler üzerinde durulmaktadır.
Туркиядаги аудиовизуал оммавий ахборот воситаларини тартибга солувчи ва назорат қилувчи Туркия радио ва телевидение кенгаши (RTÜK) деярли чорак аср давомида фаолият юритмоқда. RTÜKнинг асосий фаолияти бу соҳада сиёсатни тартибга солиш, назорат қилиш ва ривожлантиришдан иборат. Бироқ, кўплаб тадбирлар назорат доирасида амалга оширилди ҳамда RTÜK назорат ва жазо органининг имижини яратди.
2018 йилда RTÜK иккинчи марта беш йиллик стратегик режани ишлаб чиқди. Сабаби бу ташкилотда имиж билан богълиқ муаммолар мавжуд бўлиб, “2019–2023 йиллар мобайнида ташкилот обрўсини яхшилаш” мақсади қўйилди. Ушбу мақсад “RTÜKни миллий ва халқаро миқёсда танитиш, институционал имиж ва ҳурматни мустаҳкамлайдиган тадқиқотлар ўтказиш” деб ифодаланган.Ушбу тадқиқотда, RTÜK имижини ташкилот фаолият бошлаган кундан то бугунгача ўрганиб чиққандан сўнг, 2019–2023 йил учун RTÜK стратегик режасида лойиҳанинг фаолияти тадқиқ этилади.
Совет по радио и телевидению Турции (RTÜK), регулирующийи контролирующийавтовизуальные СМИ в Турции, осуществляет свою деятельность почти четверть века. Основная деятельность RTÜK заключается в регулировании, контроле и разработке политики в этом секторе. Однако многие из мероприятий были реализованы в контексте контроля, и RTÜK создал имидж органа контроля и наказания.В 2018 году RTÜK во второй раз подготовил пятилетний стратегический план. В этом плане, учитывая, что у учреждения была проблема с имиджем, было намечено «улучшить имидж учреждения в период между 2019–2023 гг.» и «представить RTÜK на национальном и международном уровне, провести исследования, которые укрепляют институциональный имидж и уважениек этой организации». В этом исследованиипосле изучения имиджа RTÜK от его основания до сегодняшнего дня будет усилена деятельность проекта в Стратегическом плане RTÜK на 2019–2023 годы.
“ТЕМУРНОМА”ДАГИ УСЛУБИЙ ЎЗИГА ХОСЛИК ВА БАДИИЙ ТАСВИРИЙ ВОСИТАЛАР
Authors: SAYITKULOV Ilkhom
Published: October 2019

Мақолада “Темурнома” жангномасининг услуби, ундаги насрий қисмнинг асар композициясидаги ўрни, қаҳрамон характерини ёритишда фойдаланилган бадиий санъатларнинг аҳамияти ёритилган. Хусусан, халқ китобларининг насрий қисмида мавжуд анъанавий қолип – бошланма, киритма сўз, асардаги бобларни ўзаро боғловчи бирикмаларнинг“Темурнома”да қўлланилиши мисоллар асосида таҳлил қилинган. Шунингдек, жанг саҳналаридаги қаҳрамонлар ҳаракатининг уч босқичда тасвирланиши, табиат ҳодисаларини бадиий тасвир воситаларига боғлаб тадқиқ этиш асар мазмун-моҳиятини очишга хизмат қилган.
В статье описывается стиль «Темур-наме», роль прозы в композиции, значение художественного искусства в описании героев персонажа. В частности, проза фольклора была проанализирована в ряде примеров с использованием традиционных шаблонных начал, префиксов и комбинаций глав в «Темур-наме». Трехэтапное изображение героев в батальных сценах, изучение использования художественных средств при описании природных явлений служилидля демонстрации искусства произведения.
The article describes the fight style of the “Temur-na me’, the role of the prose piece in the composition, the importance of artistic art in describing the heroes character. In particular, the prose of folklore has been analyzed in a number of examples, using the traditional template beginnings, prefixes, and combinations of chapters in the work at “Temur-na me”. The three-stage portrayal of heroes in battle scenes, the study of the use of artistic means of natural events served to show the art of the work.
РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ЖАНРА ПОВЕСТИВСОВРЕМЕННОМ ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИИ
Authors: BALTABAYEVA Aziza
Published: October 2019

В статье исследуются признаки жанра повести в современном литературоведении. Повесть – это средний эпический жанр, отражающий события из жизни героя сквозь призму нравственного выбора посредствомразличных типов повествования.Среди наиболее характерных признаков повести мы можем выделить следующие: средний по объему жанр; описание эпизода из жизни героя; герой находится перед нравственным выбором; различные типы повествования (чаще перволичный тип повествования);притчевость, сказовость; цикличность сюжета; символика имен; прием ретроспекции; включение иррационального (сон).
Мазкур мақолада замонавий адабиётшуносликда қисса жанрининг ўзига хос белгилари тадқиқ қилинади. Қисса — бадиий адабиётда эпик жанр турларидан бири бўлиб, унда ҳикоя қилинаётган қаҳрамон ҳаётининг маълум жиҳатлари турли воқеа-ҳодисалар орқали ёритилади.Қиссажанрининг нисбатан характерли хусусиятларини қуйидаги ҳолатларда кўриш мумкин: ҳажми жиҳатидан ўртача бўлиши, қаҳрамон ҳаётидан лавҳалар келтирилиши, қаҳрамон характеридаги ахлокий жиҳатлар, қиссанинг турлича бўлиши (кўпинча бирламчи бўлиши), ҳикоявийлиги, сюжетларнинг сиқиқлиги, исмлар рамзийлиги ретроспекция ишлатиш, иррционалликдан фойдаланиш.
This article explores the characteristics of the genre of the novelette in modern literary criticism. The noveletteis a medium epic genre, reflecting events from the life of the hero through the prism of moral choice through various types of narration. Among the most characteristic signs of the novelettewe can distinguish the following: medium in terms of genre, description of the episode from the life of the hero, the hero is faced with moral choice, various types of narration (usually the primary type of narration), parable, fantastical character, cyclical plot; symbolism of names; reception of retrosis; inclusion of the irrational (sleep).
GENRE VARIETY OF THE 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN SCIENCE FICTION
Authors: AHMEDOV Rafael
Published: October 2019

The article covers the issue of genre heterogeneity of the 20th century American science fiction (SF). It is argued that American SF of that period was represented mainly by three subgenres: hard SF, socio-philosophical SF, and adventurous SF, that differ from each other not only in structure/content, but also in terms of genre. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that genre approach has been applied to classify American science fiction of the 20th century.
Мазкур мақолада АҚШ XX аср илмий фантастикасининг хилма-хилл иги ўрганилган. Ўша даврдаги Америка илмий фантастикасини асосан қуйидаги учта кичик жанрлар мужассам этади: барқарор илмий фантастика, ижтимоий-фалсафий илмий фантастика ва саргузашт илмий фантастика. Улар нафақат структура ва мазмун жиҳатидан, балки жанраспектлари бўйича ҳам фарқланади. Мазкур тадқиқотнинг илмий янгилиги ХХ аср Америка илмий фантастикасини классификация қилишда жанрий ёндашувни қўллашдан иборат.
В статье рассматривается вопрос разнородности американской научной фантастики (НФ) XXвека. Американскую научную фантастику того периода в основном представляют три поджанра: твёрдая НФ, социально-философская НФ и приключенческая НФ, — которые различаются не только по структуре и содержанию, но и в жанровом аспекте. Новизна данного исследования заключается в применении жанрового подхода при классификации американской научной фантастики XX века.
ШАРЛЬОГЮСТЕН ДЕ СЕНТ-БЁВ — БИОГРАФИК МЕТОД АСОСЧИСИ
Authors: ADIZOVA Obodon
Published: October 2019

Ушбу мақолада адабиётшуносликда биографик методнинг шаклланиши, тараққиёт жараёни ва хусусиятлари ҳақидасўз боради. XIX аср ижтимоий-сиёсий, маданий-тарихий, илмий-адабий муҳитига хос фалсафий-психологик қарашлар, ўша даврда яшаб қалам тебратган ижодкорлар илмий-ижодий фаолияти, адабий-эстетик дунёқарашлари ҳақида фикр юритилган. Француз танқидчисиСент-Бёвнинг ҳаёти ва ижоди ўрганилган, унинг биографик усулдан фойдаланиш маҳорати ёритилган.
В статье рассматривается формирование, процесс развития и своеобразиебиографического метода в литературоведении, атакже приводится информация об общественно-политической, культурно-исторической, научно-литературной среде XIX века, философско-психологических взглядах, научно-творческой деятельности, литературно-эстетическом мировоззрении творцов, живших в то время. Изучена жизнь и творчество французского критика Сент-Бёва , рассмотрен его опыт использования биографического метода.
This article analyses the formation, process of development and specific peculiarities of the biographical method in literary criticism. It describes both peculiar philosophic–psychological views of XIX century and political cultural historical scientific–literary circumscription. Morover the article reviews writers scientific-creative activity of that time and their literary aesthetic outlook. The article deals with the mastery of the use of biographic method in understanding the works Sainte-Beuve.
ЎҚИТУВЧИНИНГ АХБОРОТ-КОММУНИКАЦИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРИ КОМПEТЕНЦИЯСИ
Authors: ASHUROVA Dilorom , BEKMURADOV Ulugbek
Published: October 2019

Мақолада замонавий ўқитувчининг ўқув жараёнидаги компетенцияси, таълим жараёнида техник ўқув қуролларидан тўғри ва моҳирона фойдалана олиш (АКТ компетентлиги), ўқитувчининг АКТ компетентлиги таърифлари, унинг тузилмасида ўқитувчининг аспектлари, қолаверса, ўқитувчиларнинг АКТ компетентлиги юзасидан ЮНЕСКО тавсиялари ҳақида сўз боради. Мақолада булутли технологиялар, Web 2.0 технологияларининг имкониятлари ва уларни таълим жараёнида қўллашнинг афзалликлар ҳақида ҳам фикр юритилади.
В статье рассматривается компетентность современного преподавателя в учебном процессе, эффективное применение технических знаний и умений в реальной образовательной деятельности(ИКТ-компетентность),а также аспекты преподавания в структуре компетенции.В статье приведены рекомендации ЮНЕСКО о компетентности преподавателей в области ИКТ, а также показаны примеры по применению облачных технологий, технологийWeb 2.0 и обосновываются их преимущества при использовании в учебном процессе.
The article is devoted to the competence of a modern teacher, ICT competence and usage of the new application and modern gadgets in the educational process, teacher’s competence in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT), UNESCO recommendations towards teachers’competence and skills in a area of information technologies. Article also shows a cloud and Web 2.0 technologies and the benefits of using them in the learning process.
ДАРСЛАРНИ ТАШКИЛ ЭТИШДА ТАЛАБАЛАР БИЛИМИНИ НАЗОРАТ ҚИЛИШНИНГ ИНТЕРАКТИВ ВОСИТАЛАРИ
Authors: ASHUROVA Dilorom , BEKMURADOV Ulugbek
Published: October 2019

Ушбу мақолада дарс жараёнини ташкил қилишдатурли интерактив воситаларва онлайн хизматлардан фойдаланишнинг самарасибатафсил ёритиб берилган. Шунингдек,интернет тармоғидаги тестлар, сўровномалар ва викториналар ўтказишга мўлжалланган интерактив онлайн хизматларнинг дарс самарадорлигини оширишдаги таъсири илмий жиҳатдан асосланган. Ўқув машғулотларида интерактив воситаларни қўллаш дарснинг қизиқарли бўлишига, ҳар бир талаба билан индивидуал ишлаш имкониятига, талабаларнинг дарс давомида ахборот технология воситаларидан унумли фойдаланишга ёрдам бериши хусусида илмий хулосалар берилган.
В статье рассматривается эффективность применения различных онлайн-сервисов и интерактивных средств обучения в процессе организации занятий. С научной точки зрения обоснована рентабельность применения интерактивных онлайн-сервисов, предназначенных для проведения викторин, опросников и тестов. В статье приведены результаты использования интерактивных учебных программ, которые делают урок интересней, создают индивидуальный подход к каждому студенту и развивают навык использования информационных технологий и гаджетов.
This article examines the effectiveness of the use of various online services and interactive learning tools in the process of organizing classes. From a scientific point of view, the profitability of using interactive online services designed for quizzes, questionnaires and tests is justified. The article presents the scientific conclusions about the effectiveness of the use of online training programs that make the lesson more interesting, give an individual approach to each student and develops the skill of using information technologies and gadgets.
EL EJE HIPOTÁLAMO-PITUITARIA-ADRENAL (HPA) AL ENVEJECER: CORTISOL SALIVAL EN ANCIANOS COLOMBIANOS.
Authors: Gomez montes Jose fernando
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCCION: El cortisol salival ha sido frecuentemente utilizado como un marcador de estrés. El cortisol tiene un importante ritmo diurno con elevaciones pico en las horas de madrugada, denominada respuesta del cortisol al despertar (RCD) con una caída durante el día. Los cambios al envejecer en el eje Hipotálamo-Pituitaria-Adrenal (HPA) son contradictorios.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio examina la variación diurna de los niveles de cortisol salival en sujetos ancianos que viven en la comunidad.

DISEÑO: Estudio trasversal descriptivo.

MEDIO: Poblacional. Participantes del estudio IMIAS (International Mobility in Aging Study).

PARTICIPANTES: 450 personas mayores de 65 años, hombres y mujeres con una submuestra (100) para la toma de cortisol salival.

MEDICIONES: Los participantes recolectaron diez muestras de saliva, 5 por día, durante dos días así: al levantarse, 30 minutos (media hora) después de despertarse, una hora después de despertarse, en la tarde a las 3 pm y al acostarse. El cortisol fue evaluado mediante radioinmunoanálisis enzimático. Se evaluaron RCD, el área bajo la curva y la curva de patrón diurno.

RESULTADOS: Se encontró una RCD amputada con un perfil diurno aplanado y con los niveles más bajos en la noche. El patrón de curva encontrado se considera como un patrón “normal” de ritmo circadiano de cortisol al envejecer, que se caracteriza por tener una baja RCD y con una caída lenta a través del día.

CONCLUSIONES: los ancianos colombianos muestran una menor respuesta del cortisol al despertar con un ritmo diurno reducido probablemente implicando una regulación alterada del eje HPA con el envejecimiento.
Hiperparatiroidismo secundario luego de trasplante renal: Experiencia de un centro de trasplante
Authors: Rodriguez Sánchez Martha Patricia
Published: October 2019

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica se asocia con alteraciones metabólicas severas que llevan a hiperparatiroidismo secundario (HPTS). El trasplante de riñón corrige las alteraciones fisiopatológicas que lo originan.

Objetivo: describir cambios al año y a los 3 años de seguimiento en los niveles séricos de hormona paratiroidea intacta (PTHi) y perfil fosfocálcico en pacientes llevados a trasplante renal con diagnóstico previo de HPTS.

Metodología: se realizó un análisis descriptivo de todos los pacientes trasplantados entre el 2005 y el 2012, evaluando niveles de PTHi y perfil fosfocálcico antes del trasplante, al año y a los 3 años de seguimiento.

Resultados: en el pretrasplante el promedio de PTHi de los 175 pacientes fue 465,4 pg/dL; en 30,2% de los pacientes se encontraron niveles superiores a 9 veces el valor normal. Al año de seguimiento la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) promedio fue 65,4 mL/min/1,73 m². La PTH (114 pacientes), fue en promedio 118,7 pg/dL, con una disminución promedio de 339 pg/dL. Fue mayor la PTH en los que presentaban TFG menor a 40. Al tercer año de seguimiento los hallazgos se mantuvieron en todos los pacientes, con PTHi promedio de 100,4 pg/dL (un descenso de 396 pg/dL).

Conclusiones: en este estudio se encontró que el HPTS mejora después del trasplante renal, con una disminución significativa de los niveles de PTHi al primero y tercer años de seguimiento.
DORSAL ONLAY VAGINAL GRAFT URETHROPLASTY FOR FEMALE URETHRAL STRICTURE; CASE REPORTS OF FOUR PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Gupta Namita
Published: October 2019

Female urethral stricture is an underdiagnosed and overlooked cause of female bladder outlet obstruction. It is uncommon and difficult to diagnose.
The possible etiologies may be infection, prior dilation, difficult catheterization with subsequent fibrosis, urethral surgery, trauma or idiopathic.
Currently, only a small amount of literature has reported the successful treatment of female urethral stricture using a reconstruction approach. In
this study we describe our results with the management of female urethral stricture using a dorsal vaginal graft. Four patients were diagnosed with
female urethral stricture and were treated with urethral reconstruction using a dorsal vaginal graft. Primary urethroplasty using dorsal vaginal graft
can be considered as a first-line option in the management of female urethral stricture, especially in centers with experience in graft-based
reconstruction.
CBCT ANALYSIS OF ALVEOLAR BONE DIMENSIONS IN MANDIBULAR POSTERIOR TEETH: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Soman* cristalle , Almuhrij Alanoud , Alghusen Alghusen , Alsubaie Faizal Abdulrahman , Aljamal Manal , Alrasheed Rasha
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES: Extraction of mandibular posterior teeth followed by immediate implant placement is considered as an
optimal technique of immediate prosthetic rehabilitation. The analysis of alveolar bone dimensions with Cone Beam
Computerized Tomography prior to implant placement is a prime determinant in treatment planning. Hence this preliminary study was
conducted to analyze the alveolar bone dimensions in dentate mandibular posterior teeth to evaluate the available bone which can be utilized for
immediate implant placements.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective data of 200 cases of full volume CBCT was procured from Riyadh Elm University (REU)
database and reviewed for eligibility. Atotal of 10 cases were included in the study. Scans were assessed for thickness of buccal and lingual walls
at 4mm below the CEJ (MP1) and at midroot level (MP2). Alveolar width was assessed at most coronal point on alveolar bone (BW1) and at
superior border of mandibular canal (BW2). The height was be calculated by measuring the vertical distance between BW1 and BW2. Data was
tabulated and statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test.
RESULTS: The results of our study indicates that dimensions of buccal and lingual bone walls of all teeth at MP1 and MP2 in PM1, PM2 and M1
were statistically significant. Also only the 1st premolar (PM1) showed statistical significance with regard to dimensions at BW1 and BW2.
CONCLUSION: The present study highlights the need for further studies with larger samples which can impact the immediate implant success
rates in mandibular posterior teeth.
MALIGNANT PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA -AN UNFORGOTTEN ABDOMINAL MALIGNANCY
Authors: Mishra A. , Luthra Ashish , Behera C. R. , Panigrahi Ranjita , Sahoo Ranjan
Published: October 2019

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare lethal malignancy of the serosal membranes of the peritoneum. The pathogenesis and association is
strongly related with industrial pollutants asbestos, but less than pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms are nonspecific and related to the tumor spread
within the abdominal cavity. CT scan is the investigation of choice and mostly disease is discovered incidentally on routine imaging. Diagnosis is
confirmed on histopathology as well as immunohistochemical analysis of markers. The mainstay of treatment is cytoreductive surgery with
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Here we present a very unusual case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma diagnosed on routine
evaluation of a 62 year old male admitted in emergency for obstructed inguinal hernia.
Introduction: Malignant peritoneal Mesothelioma MPM is a very rare malignancy of the abdominal cavity. Mesotheliomas usually originate from
the serosal membrane of different body cavities. Pleura is most commonly affected by mesothelioma followed by peritoneum and also other
cavities pericardium and tunica vaginalis testis.10 to 30% of all mesothelioma affects peritoneum. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a highly
lethal malignant tumor of peritoneum and its pathogenesis is strongly related with industrial pollutant asbestos exposure. Diagnosis is difficult in
most of the cases because of its nonspecific presentation and detected on routine abdominal imaging or Surgery
ASSESSMENT OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS AMONG ADULTS HAVING HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN A MEDICAL INSTITUTE OF RAIPUR
Authors: Verma Shrikant , Kumar Rahul Kewal
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a degenerative syndrome of the plantar fascia resulting from repeated trauma at its origin on the calcaneus.
PF is reported to be the most common cause of inferior heel pain in diabetic and non diabetic patient population. Calcaneal spurs (CS) have
commonly been implicated as a risk factor for PF. To this purpose we have evaluated the frequency of Calcaneal spur (CS) in obese patients with
Type-2 diabetes.
Method: Study was designed as a cross sectional Analytical study . Male and female study subjects who were Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), Having
Diagnosed type 2 diabetes & above the age of 18 years, with a history of plantar heel tenderness and/or pain were included in the study Information
was analysed by using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS . Chi square test was used for analysis.
Results:Atotal of 65 obese diabetic patients were included into the study. The mean age of the patients was 54±5.8 years. There were 25 males and
40 females. The median duration of diabetes was 4.2 years (1-10 years). The mean HbA1c was 8.4±0.9. 78% were having plantar fasciitis.
Conclusion: Poor diabetes control Peripheral Neuropathy seems to be the main reasons Existence seems to be in a relationship with diabetic
complications; therefore, obese diabetic patients may be more prone to these complications. Therefore, weight reduction should be encouraged in
these patients.
OVERVIEW OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC OCULAR FINDINGS IN JOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Aj Salaam , Sm* Danjem , Aa Salaam , Ko Iyua , Ho Kolade-yunusa
Published: October 2019

CONTEXT: Ocular ultrasound, also known as ocular echography or B-Scan, is a quick, non-invasive test routinely used in clinical practice to
assess the structural integrity and pathologies of the eye. It can provide additional information not readily obtained by direct visualization of ocular
tissues, and it is particularly useful in patients with pathologies that prevents or obscures ophthalmoscopy, e.g. large corneal opacities, dense
cataracts, or vitreous hemorrhage. The gelatinous composition of the eye makes it an ideal organ for ultrasound. While direct visualization with
fundoscopy is limited due to variable provider skill, ultrasound provides reproducible, non-invasive visualization of the anterior chamber, globe,
and posterior elements of the eye.
AIM: The aim of the study is to audit all the ocular scans done in the Department of Radiology over a one year period, to ascertain indications and
findings with respect to age groups and sex.
METHODOLOGY: This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Radiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, over a period of
one year, between January, 2013 and January 2014.
RESULTS: A total of 99 patients were scanned over the period, 53 of which were males and 46 females. Traumatic cataract and poor vision were
the most common indications for ocular B-Scan. The most common finding was normal scan, while intra-ocular foreign body was the least
common.
CONCLUSION: Ocular ultrasonography is a safe imaging tool in evaluating patients with ocular diseases. Its utilization can be of great help in the
management of ophthalmology cases.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CUCURBITACIN C AND E IN TRICHOSANTHES DIOICA ROXB. COLLECTED FROM NINE AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES IN MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors: Sachin S. Bhagat , Trisa* Palathingal
Published: October 2019

Cucurbitaceae is an important family having a large number of fruit vegetables rich in the glycoside Cucurbitacin which is
a very important nutraceutical compound. The Cucurbitacin content of these fruit vegetables are known to vary due to
environmental conditions. It was thought necessary to estimate the Cucurbitacin content in Trichosanthes dioica Roxb from nine agro climatic
zones of Maharashtra collected in the summer and winter season to ascertain the best region and best season for maximum cucurbitacin content.
MACULAR CHANGES AFTER CATARACT SURGERY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Agarwal Ritu , Gupta* Piyush
Published: October 2019

AIM: To evaluate and compare macular thickness changes after uneventful Phacoemulsification and Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery in
correlation with visual acuity.
METHOD: Study was conducted on 250 cataract patients they were equally divided into Group A and Group B. Group A patients underwent
Phacoemulsification and Group B underwent MSICS. In both groups macular thickness using OCTand Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) was
recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 day, 1, 3, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Macular thickness changes were evaluated and compared with
visual acuity.
RESULTS: Macular thickness continued to increase from 1 week to 6 months postoperatively which was statistically significant. No correlation
found between increased macular thickness and BCVA.
CONCLUSION: Increase in macular thickness remained subclinical and there was no impact of increased macular thickness on the final visual
outcome.
EARLY EXCISION AND GRAFTING VERSUS CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR BURNS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Munian Kinkar , Kumar Bit Utpal , Vasudeo Warke Ameya
Published: October 2019

Background :
1
Full thickness burns lose their eschar in 2-6 weeks through bacterial collagenase production and daily mechanical debridement .
The practice of leaving these dead tissues only serves as a nidus for infection that can lead to the patient's death. Hence the standard procedure is
surgical removal of eschar with grafting techniques.
Methods:Atotal of 50 patients divided in 25 patients in each group were included first group was managed conservatively and second underwent
th early excision and grafting within 5 day upto 10% TBSA.
Results: Early excision and grafting patients required significantly (p=0.04) more blood transfusions than conservatively managed patients. The
mean hospital stay was significantly (p=0.05) lower by 10 days in early excision and grafting than conservatively managed.
Conclusion : Early Excision and Grafting group was found to have significantly shorter hospital stay with decresed painful debridement but
required more blood transfusions than conservatively managed patients.
PROFILE OF MEDICO-LEGAL DEATHS DUE TO DROWNING – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar* Avinash , Sharma Luv , Kumar Binay
Published: October 2019

Death due to drowning is almost frequent in India, so it is but natural that, medico-legal expertise is called upon for investigations. Determining the
cause of death in bodies found in water is quite challenging, which can be done by thorough investigation and complete autopsy by forensic
pathologist. The present study was a retrospective, which was conducted for one year during June 2016 to May 2017 considering upon history and
postmortem finding of the deceased. The maximum drowning cases were of male sex (74.73%), with commonest affected age group being 21-30
years (30.64%). Most of the drowning cases were accidental (55.91%) in nature and occurred commonly in water canal (55.37%), and rivers
(25.26%). The most significant findings noted on autopsy were decomposition and animal bites (gnawing effects) (54.83%) and presence of heavy,
voluminous, edematous and congested lungs with c/s showing copious frothy fluid (52.15%).
BURNOUT AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Sood Sangeeta
Published: October 2019

Teachers' experience emotional exhaustion and develop a cynical attitude toward teaching and students
(depersonalization). Feelings of exhaustion and ineffectiveness continue as mental and physical resources are depleted in
the pursuit of unreachable and sometimes unrealistic goals (Maslach, Schaefeli & Leiter 2001).The teacher then experiences a reduction in
accomplishments, leaving him or her with a loss of self-esteem and dissatisfaction with these job accomplishments. This chain of event ultimately
interferes with the burnout in teacher's ability to continue to meet teaching demands. Thus, the three dimensions of the burnout
syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment, begins. Consequences of teacher
burnout can lead to feelings of hopelessness, absenteeism, increased turnover, and decreased job performance. The results of current study
indicated that male primary school teachers score higher mean scores than female teachers in depersonalization than female teachers had
of personal accomplishment. No significant difference between private and government primary school teachers with reference to job burnout
were found. However private school teachers feel more emotional exhaustion as compared to their counterparts in government schools.