bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surat-Surat Kerajaan untuk Penguasa Kerinci: Tinjauan Terhadap Naskah Cod.Or. 12.326 Koleksi Perpustakaan Universitas Leiden
Authors: Sunliensyar Hafiful Hadi
Published: January 2020

Not  all of Jawi manuscripts in the Kerinci had documented and transliterated by Voorhoeve. For example, the document Cod. Or. 12. 326, the collection of Universiteit Leiden Library or the document ML 396, the collection of Perpustakaan Nasional. This research purpose is for knowing the contain of the text  of ML 396/Cod. Or. 12.326 and considering the historical background ofthe text. The method that utilized in this research is collecting of data, transliterating and interpretating text of manuscripts from historical perspective. The result of this research, known that three manuscripts are surat piagam (royal charter) from Jambi Sultanate to Depati Suta Menggala in Tanah Seleman, Kerinci. Meanwhile, two manuscripts other are surat titah (royal commandment letter) for Depati Empat. The first surat titah from Sultan Ahmad Syah and Pangeran Suta Mangunjaya, contains the adjuration of troop assistance to attact Palembang people. The second surat titah from Sultan Ahmad Syah, contains the bidding of Sultan in order to Depati Empat still recognized his authority and cooperated with him, accompanied by special rewards that offered. The five manuscripts was issued in ongoing conflict between two successors of Jambi Kingdom in 17th century.
Una aproximación a los procesos de la música experimental en la obra de Pedro Rincón Ortiz, autor del proyecto “rotativa lab”
Authors: Castañeda Quesada Laura Marcela
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se expone un acercamiento a la música experimental a través de la caracterización de los procesos de creación musical de Pedro Rincón Ortiz, autor del proyecto “Rotativa Lab”y como reflexión desde el concepto de música experimental a través de diversos autores que han investigado sobre este tema. También, se tienen en cuenta algunos referentes artísticos en los ámbitos:local, nacional e internacional. Para la caracterización de los procesos de creación musical de Pedro Rincón, se aplicó el estudio de caso, técnica que permitió el acercamiento al compositor mediante algunos encuentros en los que se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas y conversaciones espontáneas donde emergieron diferentes sentidos y significados vinculados con su propia experiencia y como resultado del estudio se propone una caracterización de los procesos creativos que lleva a cabo el compositor a través de procedimientos experimentales en su producción musical.Con este trabajo se espera aportar a la comprensión de dichos procesos creativos, los cuales han venido tomando gran relevancia en las búsquedas compositivas de algunos músicos en la ciudad deMedellín y su área metropolitana.

doi:10.17632/57b678b662.1
Los esperpentos invaden la escena: notas sobre esperpentos valleinclanianos
Authors: Flick Milena
Published: January 2020

El artículo es un desdoblamiento de la investigación realizada por la autora entre los años 2011 y 2013 en el ámbito de la maestría académica del programa de posgrado en Artes Escénicas de la UniversidadFederal de Bahía (Brasil) y que condujo a la tesis titulada “Composições esperpênticas: o grotesco como estratégia cênico-dramatúrgica na desestabilização do feminino”. En el trabajo aquí presentado la autora propone un abordaje teórico de los esperpentos –composición artística y literaria desarrollada por el escritorespañol Ramón del Valle-Inclán (1866-1936)–, que tiene, como énfasis de sus discusiones, la presencia y utilización del espejo cóncavo, las características básicas de la propuesta y la potencia subversiva que se puede extraer de los estereotipos con los cuales el autor trabaja para construir sus personajes.

doi:10.17632/rbf4jkb6vn.1
La transformación de las bandas de viento en el caribe colombiano: un paso de la estética europea a la banda como fiesta
Authors: Méndez Edwin Alexander Castro
Published: January 2020

Las bandas de viento, en el escenario colombiano, se comprenden como un fenómeno artístico que permite el encuentro alrededor de las celebraciones locales donde se tejen interrelaciones corporales, visuales, y sonoras desde diferentes formas de goce. Sus acompañantes de más relevancia en los pueblos: el desfile y la retreta, llaman al encuentro cuando pasan por las calles o se apropian de un parque. La fiesta -intrínseca en cualquiera de estos eventos-, cuando el estallido de metales, maderas y percusión se toman la calle; es fruto del diálogo que logró darse entre las músicas tradicionales colombianas y los instrumentos propios de las bandas militares europeas con el propósito de propiciar, en el escenario local, una estética con sello propio.
“Todos somos Débora” Generador de valores
Authors: Álvarez Echeverri Leonidas
Published: January 2020

Mostrar la Escuela Superior Tecnológica de Artes Débora Arango como legado a posteriores generaciones, como hito jalonador de la educación, el desarrollo del arte y expresión de la cultura; señalar razones, justificaciones y reconocimientos a la persona, la artista, la obra y la lucha de quien aportó su nombre a la institución y que es hoy referente de futuras generaciones son los propósitos del presente artículo para proponer que el eslogan “Todos somos Débora” sea un real constructor de valores deborianos.
Aggregates of α-synuclein in brain tissue homogenates measured by newly designed Multimer-PAGE techniques
Authors: SALEH Jumana
Published: January 2020

Atypical aggregation of α-synuclein in the brain is linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression. Mutimers of α-synuclein may be important for the biological function of α-synuclein. Currently, reliable methods to compare α-synuclein multimer abundance in biological samples are limited and sophisticated. A new technique termed “multimer-PAGE,” was designed by Killinger and Moszczynska, which combines in-gel chemical cross-linking with several common electrophoretic techniques to measure the multimerization of α-synuclein in complex biological samples of brain tissue lysates. Using this technique, it was possible to compare the ratio of α-synuclein multimers between brain tissue samples without the need for specialized equipment. 
Chemotherapeutic agents increase mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in optic nerve
Authors: ÖZKAYA Dilek , NAZIROĞLU Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin and 5fluorouracil are very effective and commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of several cancers including breast, testicular, ovarian and lung cancers. However, they have adverse effects and apoptosis in normal cells and neurons including optic nerve (Cardellicchio et al. 2014). Oxidative stress occurs during the several physiological functions such as mitochondria and phagocytosis. If the products of oxidative stress such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide will be controlled by antioxidants the cell injury in normal tissue will not be occur. Results of recent reports indicated that optic nerve injury was induced through excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rats by chemotherapeutic agents, although ROS were scavenged by antioxidants such as pycnogenol and rutin (Icel et al. 2018; Taşlı et al. 2018). It seems that the chemotherapeutic agentsinduced excessive ROS production results in increased levels of lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde and inflammation markers such as TNF-α and NF-κB levels, but decrease of glutathione and total antioxidant levels. Apoptosis in the optic nerve was induced in ARPE19 eye cells by activation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway and death receptor signaling (Güçlü et al. 2018). In the presentation, we discussed novel effects of oxidative stress and apoptosis on the optic nerve injury in rodentsand human.  The results of current data suggest that oxidative stress has a main role in chemotherapeutic agentsinduced optic nerve injury in rodents, although the injury was attenuated by the antioxidant treatment. 
Roles of dexmedetomidine and calcium signaling in cerebral ischemia: Focus TRP channels
Authors: OSMANLIOĞLU Haci Ömer
Published: January 2020

An accumulating body of evidence indicates that abnormalities of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) concentration is caused by excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rats with cerebral ischemia in play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia (Miyanohara et al. 2015; Belrose and Jackson, 2018). Ca2+ passes cell membrane via different channels such as chemical and voltage gated channels. Apart from the well-known cation channels, there is recently discovered channels namely transient receptor potential (TRP) family. The TRP superfamily is containing 7 subfamilies with 28 members in mammalian. Activation and inhibition mechanisms of the TRP channels are very different from the voltage gated calcium channels. For example, TRPM2 channel is activated by ADP-ribose and oxidative stress, but TRPV1 channel is activated several stimuli, including capsaicin and oxidative stress (Belrose and Jackson, 2018). Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an important drug for long-term sedation in intensive care patients because it induces a rapid response and is easily controllable. There is some modulator role of DEX on the [Ca2+]i concentration in several neurons (Akpınar et al. 2016).  Results of a recent study indicated that DEX induced modulator role on cerebral ischemia-induced ROS, TRPM2 and TRPV1 channel activation in hippocampusof rats. I concluded that the results of recent studies suggest that DEX treatment reduces cerebral ischemiainduced oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+ signaling through inhibition of TRP channels. It seems to that the exact relationship between TRP channel activation and DEX in cerebral ischemia still remains to be determined.
TRPV1 channel is a potential drug discovery channel for epilepsy
Authors: ÖZŞİMŞEK Ahmet
Published: January 2020

Epilepsy is one of the most frequent and heterogeneous neurological disorders and it is characterized by several disabilities. Epilepsy is affecting about 3% of people worldwide. Current antiepileptic drugs are only effective in 60% of individuals and many drugs can induce several unwanted side effects in patients. Etiology of epilepsy has not been clarified fully. However, increased intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration has main role in etiology of epilepsy. Ca2+ passes the cell membrane through different cell membrane channels. One of the channels is TRP superfamily. The family is containing six subfamilies. TRPV1 channel is a member of TRPV subfamily. Capsaicin is a component of hot chili pepper. The TRPV1 channels is activated by different stimuli such as acidic pH, high temperature (≥ 42° C) and capsaicin, causing pain, inflammation and hyperalgesia in peripheral nervous system (Caterina et al. 1997). Is has been well known that hippocampus is main area in the brain for induction of epilepsy. Expression levels of TRPV1 channels in different areas of hippocampus are high (Gonzalez-Reyes et al. 2013). Results of recent studies indicated involvement of TRPV1 channels in epilepsy (Nazıroğlu and Övey, 2015; Cho et al. 2018). In the oral presentation, I discussed novel roles of TRPV1 on the epilepsy induction by the capsaicin. Results of a recent study indicated increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in hippocampus of epilepsy induced rats (Nazıroğlu and Övey, 2015). They also observed increased levels of intracellular mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis levels in the neurons by the capsaicin stimulation. However, their levels were decreased by inhibition of TRPV1 channel blocker, capsazepine. I concluded that the results of recent studies suggest that TRPV1 stimulation through capsaicin causes oxidative stress and  intracellular Ca2+ signaling in epileptic rats. It seems to that the certain role of TRPV1 channel activation in in the epilepsy still remains to be determined.
Role of desflurane on oxidative stress in neuroscience
Authors: KÜTÜK Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Oxidative stress in a neuron is induced by several physiological and pathological processes. Within the pathophysiological processes, ischemia-reperfusion injury has major role in the neurons and brain, because the neurons and brain are very sensitive to oxidative stress as compared to other tissues due to their high oxygen consumption rate and rich poly unsaturated fatty acid content but low antioxidant levels. Results of rodent studies indicated that exposure to volatile anesthetics as a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury can active leukocytes or alveolar macrophages, which, in turn, release inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This release of inflammatory mediators, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and ROS has been clearly demonstrated in generalized inflammatory reactions involving the production of phagocytic cells such as leucocytes and microglia. A common volatile general anesthetic is desflurane and results of several recent papers indicated that it  an increase oxidative stress but can decrease antioxidant defense mechanisms through ischemia/reperfusion injury mechanisms. The excessive production of ROS is scavenged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Major enzymatic antioxidants are vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, alpha lipoic acid and melatonin. Major non enzymatic antioxidants are glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Superoxide radical is converted to hydrogen peroxide by SOD enzyme and then the hydrogen peroxide is converted to water by CAT and GSH-Px enzymes. Results of papers indicated that the CAT, GSH-Px, SOD, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C values were decreased in plasma and erythrocytes of human and animals by desflurane anesthesia, but oxidative stress levels were increased by desflurane anesthesia (Allaouchiche et al. 2001; Ceylan et al. 2011; Yalcin et al. 2013). In the oral presentation, I will summarize the results of recent papers on oxidative stress and antioxidants in human and rodents. In conclusion, it seems that desflurane anesthesia has oxidant effects through down-regulating the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants but upregulating of lipid peroxidation.
Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Regulation of Sensomotor Reactions of Differentiation in Onthogenesis
Authors: PALABIYIK Ahmet Alperen , LİZOHUB Vladimir Sergeevich , CHERNENKO Nataliia Pavlovna
Published: January 2020

The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the late and early components of brain- evoked potentials (EP) and the speed of motor (MK), central (central information processing (CIP) and sensory (SC) component of the reaction of choice 2 from 3 stimuli (RC2-3), presented in mode go/nogo/gо investigated in children, teenagers and young people. It was found that the formation of sensorimotor reactions of differentiation in children, teenagers and young people is characterized by a gradual decrease in the quantities of mistakes and time of RC2-3, MK, SC, CIP, also latency and an increase in amplitude the evoked potential (ЕP). In children was invented simultaneous activation of the early (N1, Р1, N2, Р2) and deactivation of late (Р3) ЕP of the cerebral cortex and significant more mistakes and lower speed of RC2-3, MC, SC, CIP which indicates the presence of cortical-subcortical dysfunction of the sensor-motor system. In young people high speed of RC2-3, MC, SC, CIP and a smaller quantities of mistakes coincided with short latencies and a high amplitude of inter- peak intervals N1-P2 and P2-N2 and Р300. The results testify the formation of neurophysiological mechanisms of sensory-motor differentiation reactions happens with participation, mainly, of the early (N1, P1, N2, P2) components of children whereas late components of the ЕP (P3) are more actively involved in young people.
To Theme or Not to Theme: The Lisboa Pessoa, A Literary Hotel?
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo G.
Published: January 2020

Although theming has become an important differentiation strategy in the hotel industry and, accompanying the growth of cultural and literary tourism in recent decades, literature has been adopted as a central theme by numerous hotels worldwide, little to no research has been conducted
on literary hotels. The inauguration of the Lisboa Pessoa, in Lisbon, in September 2016, dedicated to one of Portugal's most celebrated poets, offered an ideal opportunity to study the impact of literary theming in a new unit. A qualitative study, considering external online communications
and guests' commentaries in social networking sites, was carried out to determine the thematic strategies implemented and the impact of these strategies on the perceived image of the hotel, in order to assess the influence of the theme on the experience of guests and the extent to which the
Pessoa can be considered, from the guests' perspective, a literary hotel. Results showed that the impact of the literary theme on guests' perception was low, especially considering the clear theming efforts evinced in external communications, indicating that meanings must be more adequately
conveyed if motifs are to truly inspire differentiated experiences.
Wealth Effects of Housing and Stock Markets On Outbound Tourism
Authors: Lee Chew Ging
Published: January 2020

The effects of stock market wealth and housing wealth on the demand for outbound tourism by the residents of Singapore, while controlling for other important determinants for outbound tourism, are investigated. From the empirical results, the author concludes that there is weak evidence
to support the presence of stock market wealth effect and strong evidence to support the presence of housing wealth effect on outbound tourism. Weak evidence of stock market wealth effect is observed because the model derived from Akaike information criterion does not find significant effect
of stock market wealth, but the model derived from Schwartz criterion shows that positive stock market wealth effect is present. Strong evidence of housing wealth effect is observed because the models estimated with both criteria show that housing wealth has negative effect on such consumption.
The importance of the government intervention in the public housing of Singapore that leads to such negative housing wealth effect is explained in the conclusion.
KETERPAPARAN MEDIA INFORMASI TERHADAP PERILAKU KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJADI DESA PURWODADI KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2016
Authors: Simanjutak Yunida
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKRemaja merupakan suatu masa kehidupan individu dimana terjadi eksplorasi psikologis untuk menemukan identitas diri. Pada masa transisi dari masa anak-anak ke masa remaja, individu mulai mengembangkan ciri-ciri abstrak dan konsep diri menjadi lebih berbeda. Medan menurut data proyeksi penduduk tahun 2014 jumlah remaja mencapai sekitar 65 juta jiwa  atau 25%  dari 255 juta jiwa jumlah penduduk. Mengingat jumlah dan proporsinya yang besar ini pengetahuan, pandangan, sikap dan keputusan remaja sangat berpengaruh, tidak hanya bagi kelompok remaja sendiri namun bagi seluruh penduduk yang tidak hanya berpengaruh pada masa depan, namun juga masa sekarang.Perilaku remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi khususnya di Desa Purwodadi masih kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik (pengetahuan dan sikap) remaja terhadap perilaku kesehatan reproduksi di Desa Purwodadi Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah remaja di Desa Purwodadi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja desa Purwodadi dengan jumlah 670 remaja, dengan sampel 247 remaja. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Analisis statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statistic chi square () dan regresi logistik berganda, dengan tingkat kepercayaan = 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikan keterpaparan sumber informasi p=0,000 dengan (OR=  60,649) terhadap perilaku kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh keterpaparan sumber informasi terhadap perilaku kesehatan reproduksi remaja di Desa Purwodadi Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Kata Kunci      : Media Informasi, Perilaku, Remaja
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERANAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SIKAP TANGGUNG JAWAB PADA ANAK
Authors: Kusuma Negara I Gusti Ngurah Made , Rismawan Md , Astawa I Gd Satria
Published: January 2020

Orang tua memiliki bertanggung jawab untuk menjamin keberlangsungan dan pembentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang optimal. Tanggung jawab tersebut dapat dicapai melalui peran orang tua yang berkualitas dalam mengasuh, memelihara, mendidik, dan melindungi anak. Salah satu bentuk perkembangan anak yang harus dicapai dengan optimal adalah rasa tanggung jawab pada anak. Seorang anak perlu mengembangkan rasa tanggung jawab sebagai persiapan pada saat dewasa nanti. Peranan orang tua dalam mengajari rasa tanggung jawab dapat dilakukan pada saat masa anak dimulai. Permasalahannya adalah dalam menjalankan peranannya tersebut, orang tua sering menghadapi beberapa masalah atau hambatan yang berpengaruh dalam pembentukan tumbuh kembang anak yang optimal salah satunya pengembangan rasa tanggung jawab pada anak.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui factor yang berpengaruh terhadap peranan orang tua dalam pengembangan sikap tanggung jawab pada anak. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah orang tua di wilayah kerja Puskesmas II Mengwi. Pada penelitian ini variable akan diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Pengujian hipotesa dilakukan dengan analisis regresi logistik. Dari lima variable independent, menunjukkan bahwa hanya 3 independen variabel yang significant dan berkontribusi dalam model (jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan). Dari ketiga variable tersebut, factor pendidikan merupakan factor yang paling dominan (OR = 5,199).
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF TERHADAP PERILAKU MENCUCI TANGAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI
Authors: Rismawan Made - , Negara IGNM Kusuma
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT. Background. One of the causes of the low hand washing behavior in public elementary school students is due to the limited learning media used. The Educational Game Tool (EGT), specifically the snake ladder game, can be used as an alternative learning media about hand washing behavior in public elementary school students. This study aims to determine the effect of using EGT on hand washing behavior of public elementary school students in Denpasar City. Methods. This pre-experimental study used the design of the One Group Pre-Post Test Only and was carried out at SDN 3 Tonja. The sample in this study were 30 first grade students who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The research instrument uses the Hand Washing Questioner and a snake ladder game developed by researchers. Result. The test results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank test showed that the handwashing behavior of all participants significantly increased after treatment (M = 15.5, p <0.001). Discussion. A pleasant EGT makes it easy for children to understand the positive behavior they want to instill. While carrying out this game, children begin to accept and be ready to carry out proper hand washing behavior in their daily lives. Through the games given, information about proper hand washing behavior is acceptable. Conclusion. EGT has an effect on increasing handwashing behavior in elementary school students.Keywords: educational game tool, hand washing behavior, elementary school students
PENGALAMAN KELUARGA DALAM PENANGANAN PERTAMA PADA ANAK YANG MENGALAMI KEJANG DEMAM
Authors: Pranata Gst. Kade Adi Widyas , Huang Mei Chih
Published: January 2020

Pendahuluan: serangan kejang demam pada anak tidak hanya disaksikan oleh orang tua, namun juga oleh anggota keluarga lainnya. Namun sangat sedikit penelitian yang menjelaskan tentang pengalaman mereka sebagai keluarga yang utuh dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama terhadap peristiwa yang menyeramkan itu. Tujuan penelitian: untuk menggali lebih dalam tentang pengalaman keluarga dalam melakukan penanganan pertama pada anak yang mengalami kejang demam. Metode: pendekatan fenomenology deskriptif dengan teknik purposive sampling telah digunakan untuk memotret intisari dari pengalaman keluarga terhadap pertolongan pertama pada anak yang mengalami kejang demam di Bali, Indonesia. Wawancara mendalam dengan tatap muka telah dilakukan sampai data jenuh dengan memperhatikan Francis method dan dengan menggunakan panduan wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan pertanyaan terbuka. Wawancara telah direkam dan catatan lapangan telah diambil setiap kali wawancara dilakukan. Teknik analisis tujuh langkah dari Colaizzi’s (1978) telah digunakan untuk menganalisa transkrip yang dihasilkan. Credibility, transferability, dependability, dan confirmability oleh Lincoln and Guba (1994) telah diaplikasikan untuk memastikan tingkat kepercayaan hasil penelitian. Hasil: data telah dikumpulkan dari 12 keluarga yang memiliki pengalaman melakukan pertolongan pertama pada anak yang mengalami kejang demam. Dua tema utama yaitu “tidak tahu harus melakukan apa” dan “melakukan sesuatu yang terpikirkan” telah ditemukan dari hasil analisis. Diskusi: tidak tahu harus melakukan apa dan melakukan sesuatu yang terpikirkan telah diterima sebagai intisari dari pengalaman keluarga dalam pertolongan pertama pada anak yang mengalami kejang demam. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan tentang pentingnya pemberian pendidikan kesehatan untuk menghilangkan kepanikan pada keluarga ketika menghadapi anak mengalami serangan kejang demam, sekaligus membimbing penggunaan respon tindakan yang lebih tepat.
Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Demazeau Maxime , Gibot Laure , Mingotaud Anne-Françoise , Vicendo Patricia , Roux Clément , Lonetti Barbara
Published: January 2020

Photodynamic therapy is a technique already used in ophthalmology or oncology. It is based on the local production of reactive oxygen species through an energy transfer from an excited photosensitizer to oxygen present in the biological tissue. This review first presents an update, mainly covering the last five years, regarding the block copolymers used as nanovectors for the delivery of the photosensitizer. In particular, we describe the chemical nature and structure of the block copolymers showing a very large range of existing systems, spanning from natural polymers such as proteins or polysaccharides to synthetic ones such as polyesters or polyacrylates. A second part focuses on important parameters for their design and the improvement of their efficiency. Finally, particular attention has been paid to the question of nanocarrier internalization and interaction with membranes (both biomimetic and cellular), and the importance of intracellular targeting has been addressed.
Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications
Authors: Busmann Eike Folker , Martínez Dailén García , Lucas Henrike , Mäder Karsten
Published: January 2020

Lipid nanoemulsions are attractive drug delivery systems for lipophilic drugs. To produce nanoemulsions with droplets of very small diameter (<100 nm), we investigated thermotropic phase transitions as an alternative to the standard procedure of high-pressure homogenization. Employing shock dilution with ice-cold water during the phase inversion gives the opportunity to produce nanoemulsions without any use of potentially toxic organic solvents. The systematic investigation of the relation of the three involved components surfactant, aqueous phase and lipid phase showed that depending on the ratio of surfactant to lipid the emulsions contained particles of diameters between 16 and 175 nm with narrow polydispersity index distributions and uncharged surfaces. Nanoemulsions with particles of 50 and 100 nm in diameter showed very little toxicity to fibroblast cells in vitro. An unusual, exponential-like nonlinear increase in osmolality was observed with increasing concentration of the nonionic surfactant Kolliphor HS 15. The experimental results indicate, that nanoemulsions with particles of small and tunable size can be easily formed without homogenization by thermal cycling.
A Lower Limit on the Mass of Our Galaxy from the H3 Survey
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis , Conroy Charlie , Zhang Huanian , Naidu Rohan P. , Bonaca Ana , Caldwell Nelson , Cargile Phillip A. , Johnson Benjamin D.
Published: January 2020

The timing argument provides a lower limit on the mass of the Milky Way. Using a sample of 32 stars at R > 60 kpc drawn from the H3 Spectroscopic Survey and mock catalogs created from published numerical simulations, we find that M
200 > 0.91 × 1012
M
⊙ with 90% confidence. We recommend using this limit to refine the allowed prior mass range in more complex and sophisticated statistical treatments of Milky Way dynamics. The use of such a prior would have significantly reduced many previously published uncertainty ranges. Our analysis suggests that the most likely value of M
200 is ≈1.5 × 1012
M
⊙, but establishing this as the Milky Way mass requires a larger sample of outer halo stars and a more complete analysis of the inner halo stars in H3. The imminent growth in the sample of outer halo stars due to ongoing and planned surveys will make this possible.
Optical Variability Modeling of Newly Identified Blazar Candidates behind Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Żywucka Natalia , Tarnopolski Mariusz , Böttcher Markus , Stawarz Łukasz , Marchenko Volodymyr
Published: January 2020

We present an optical variability study of 44 newly identified blazar candidates behind the Magellanic Clouds, including 27 flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 17 BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs). All objects in the sample possess high photometric accuracy and irregularly sampled optical light curves (LCs) in I filter from the long-term monitoring conducted by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. We investigated the variability properties to look for blazar-like characteristics and to analyze the long-term behavior. We analyzed the LCs with the Lomb–Scargle periodogram to construct power spectral densities (PSDs), found breaks for several objects, and linked them with accretion disk properties. In this way we constrained the black hole (BH) masses of 18 FSRQs to lie within the range

, assuming a wide range of possible BH spins. By estimating the bolometric luminosities, we applied the fundamental plane of active galactic nuclei variability as an independent estimate, resulting in

, with a mean error of 0.3. Many of the objects have very steep PSDs, with high-frequency spectral index in the range 3–7. An alternative attempt to classify the LCs was made using the Hurst exponent, H, and the

plane. Two FSRQs and four BL Lacs yielded H > 0.5, indicating presence of long-term memory in the underlying process governing the variability. Additionally, two FSRQs with exceptional PSDs stand out as well in the

plane.
GERMANY AND UN PEACEKEEPING
Authors: Urbanovská Jana
Published: January 2020

The article aims to explore the main trends in German participation in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations. Special attention is devoted to the period since 2014 when top German political representatives announced an increased willingness to step up German engagement in international affairs. Soon after, Germany shifted from a rather hesitant UN peacekeeper to the most significant European troop provider to UN peacekeeping operation in Mali (MINUSMA). The increased involvement of Germany in MINUSMA as a new trend is discussed.
Simone de Beauvoir et le féminisme
Authors: Picq Françoise
Published: January 2020

Françoise Picq évoque la rencontre de Simone de Beauvoir avec le MLF, vingt ans après la publication du Deuxième sexe et comment, n’étant pas née féministe, elle l’est devenue. L’insistance beauvoirienne sur la construction sociale de la différence des sexes a été le point de départ de théorisations féministes de plus en plus sophistiquées, mais qui l’ont réduite à une seule direction.
Influences d’époque
Authors: Deudon Catherine
Published: January 2020

Des influences diverses imprégnant une jeune photographe qui vient de rencontrer le Mouvement de libération des femmes et tente de le regarder en images. « Un homme sur deux est une femme », « Je suis une femme pourquoi pas vous ? », c’était la tendance humour très politique de petits groupes s’inventant sans cesse. Un régal pour une photographe qui bricole son regard ébahi sur tant de visages joyeux et exubérants. Un certain regard peut-être ?
Aux Temps Modernes
Authors: Etcherelli Claire
Published: January 2020

Claire Etcherelli témoigne ici de sa rencontre avec Simone de Beauvoir, qui par la suite lui confiera le secrétariat des Temps Modernes .
“¿Dónde fundaremos nuestra ciudad?” Lugares y constituciones ideales en Platón, Aristóteles y Cicerón
Authors: Carsana Chiara , Zizza Cesare
Published: January 2020

Le présent travail s’intéresse aux considérations sur la nature politico-philosophique (en particulier chez Platon, Aristote et Cicéron) du choix du lieu de fondation d’une cité destinée à durer dans le temps et qui assurera harmonie et concorde à ses habitants. Les trois auteurs considérés dans cette étude réfléchissent aux avantages et aux inconvénients d’une installation côtière et préconisent de localiser la cité « idéale » à une distance de « sécurité » de la côte. Toutefois, seul Cicéron, qui a en tête le modèle « réel » de Rome, propose l’utilisation du fleuve comme moyen de contact avec la mer profitant ainsi des avantages de celle-ci sans s’exposer aux dangers d’une localisation littorale.
Macrobe, Saturnales , livre II : quelques remarques de critique textuelle et d’interprétation
Authors: Goldlust Benjamin
Published: January 2020

Cette étude revient sur une dizaine de passages du livre II des Saturnales de Macrobe où, du point de vue du texte ou de l’interprétation, l’édition critique de R. Kaster (Oxford, 2011) nous semble devoir être corrigée ou améliorée.
Écologie politique et justice climatique
Authors: Benegiamo Maura , Dal Gobbo Alice , Leonardi Emanuele , Torre Salvo
Published: January 2020

L’écologie politique italienne est aujourd’hui un espace de mobilisation et de réflexion politique qui offre la possibilité de faire un retour sur l’histoire des mouvements sociaux depuis la seconde moitié du 20 e siècle. Les auteurs inscrivent les récentes mobilisations contre des grands ouvrages et pour la justice climatique dans la continuité – plutôt que dans la rupture – avec la longue histoire du mouvement ouvrier italien et de ses luttes contre la nocivité sur les lieux de travail. Cet héritage a été visible dans les mobilisations contre le nucléaire et dans celle altermondialiste qui s’est dressée contre le G8 à Gênes en 2001, centrées sur la critique du progrès et de la modernisation. À travers cette reconstruction, il apparaît que la critique féministe et post-coloniale ont été un apport majeur pour l’élaboration théorique de ces mouvements. Elles s’articulent avec de nouvelles revendications et de nouvelles formes de critique du système qui prolongent le débat marxiste et opéraïste tout en mettant au centre la question de la reproduction et du conflit entre le capitalisme et le vivant.
Les mouvements sociaux à l’ère du numérique
Authors: Massiah Gustave
Published: January 2020

Cet article propose quelques réflexions et analyses sur les mouvements sociaux à l’ère du numérique. En partant du livre remarquable de Zeynep Tufekci, il est possible de comprendre les capacités et les cultures de ces mouvements, l’interaction avec les technologies numériques, ainsi que les contre-attaques des autorités face à ces mobilisations sur le terrain même de l’information numérique. L’hypothèse est que ces mouvements, en dénonçant les inégalités, les injustices et la corruption, s’inscrivent contre l’hégémonie culturelle actuelle, celle qui met en cause l’égalité. Si les inégalités et les injustices sont devenues insupportables et inacceptables, c’est aussi parce qu’un monde sans inégalités et sans injustices apparaît possible et pas seulement souhaitable.
L’immatériel, la richesse et le revenu d’existence
Authors: Gorz André
Published: January 2020

Dans cette deuxième livraison de la rubrique « Gorzienne », nous poursuivons la publication de textes inédits d’André Gorz avec cette fois-ci une contribution particulièrement importante. Il s’agit d’une suite donnée à L’immatériel, son dernier ouvrage théorique publié de son vivant, en 2003. Gorz approfondit sa pensée pendant l’année qui suit sa sortie. L’édition en allemand de 2004, qu’il dit avoir réécrite pour « un bon tiers », en porte les marques. Conçue comme une préparation à une éventuelle seconde édition en français, la libre retranscription par Gorz lui-même des pages inédites ou remaniées de l’édition en allemand – manuscrit dont nous extrayons des développements essentiels – offre un aperçu limpide de l’effort que l’auteur entreprend pour asseoir les concepts qui explicitent le fond clair-obscur de l’économie de la connaissance contemporaine. Et c’est à nouveaux frais que Gorz revient sur le principe du revenu d’existence, dont il s’emploie cette fois-ci à tracer les limites.
L’universel, ici et ailleurs
Authors: Lafont Anne
Published: January 2020

Les transformations de l’universel font débat, mais elles pourront fonder un consensus durable. Elles témoignent en effet de l’émergence de nouvelles voix, notamment dans la création artistique et les mondes noirs, qui ne renoncent ni au particulier ni à l’universel.
La prétention chinoise à l’universalité
Authors: Cheng Anne
Published: January 2020

La prétention à l’universalité de la Chine post-maoïste s’appuie sur les représentations du confucianisme comme humanisme et de la Chine comme centre de civilisation. Fantasques, ces dernières servent l’idéologie agressive de la Grande Chine et la critique des droits de l’homme.
Le partage du peu
Authors: Lahens Yanick , Lafont Anne
Published: January 2020

Pour l’écrivaine haïtienne, Haïti témoigne d’un autre désir que celui de consommation, le partage du peu, et d’un autre universel que celui de l’impérialisme, l’hybridation du créole. Ainsi, quand elle évoque Haïti dans son œuvre, elle parle du monde.
Le point de rencontre
Authors: Goya Michel
Published: January 2020

La guerre est un dialogue politique violent. Elle ne peut donc se dérouler et trouver sa conclusion normale, la soumission d’un des camps à la volonté de l’autre, que par le face à face et la rencontre sur des espaces communs. C’est là que les rapports de force se dévoilent et s’exercent pleinement. Mais pour que ces rencontres aient lieu, il est nécessaire que chacun puisse au moins y entrevoir une forte probabilité de victoire. Sans cette perspective et devant l’évidence d’un combat inégal, l’acteur qui se sent le plus faible recherchera l’évitement de la rencontre sur le terrain où il se sent le plus vulnérable. La multiplication des espaces où l’être humain peut évoluer a multiplié aussi les endroits où il est possible d’éviter les rencontres néfastes. La guerre est donc devenue plus difficile à conclure.
Occuper des espaces par le droit
Authors: Bismuth Régis
Published: January 2020

Le droit s’est avéré être un utile relais, complément ou alternative à l’action militaire. Certains conflits ne se pensent désormais plus en termes d’espaces géographiques à conquérir ou à défendre, mais davantage dans une logique spatiale de régulation des conduites. Une des illustrations les plus frappantes de cette « guerre par le droit » est sans conteste la stratégie de sanctions économiques des États-Unis à l’égard de certains États ennemis ou dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme. C’est par une extraterritorialité juridique souvent contestable et fondée sur la puissance de leur marché, qu’ils ont réussi à discipliner toute une série d’acteurs économiques afin d’exporter leur politique étrangère. Il s’est ainsi avéré que les espaces juridiques prennent appui sur des espaces économiques qui ne coïncident plus nécessairement avec le territoire de l’État.
Les pompiers dans les combats pour la libération de Paris
Authors: Sapaut Didier
Published: January 2020

Le régiment des sapeurs-pompiers de Paris a pris une part déterminante dans la libération de la capitale. Le rôle de ses hommes a été double : poursuivre leur mission de lutte contre les incendies et les effets des bombardements ainsi que de secours à victimes, et participer de façon active à l’insurrection et à de nombreuses actions de résistance qui avaient été préparées des semaines à l’avance par un groupe d’officiers, sous-officiers et sapeurs regroupés dans un réseau de résistance spécifique au régiment.
Georges Canguilhem : les traces du métier
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

Le renouveau des études sur Canguilhem ces vingt dernières années est étroitement lié à la création d’un Fonds documentaire conservant ses archives à la bibliothèque du CAPHES ainsi qu’à la publication des Œuvres complètes . L’hétérogénéité de la production de Canguilhem pendant soixante ans de pratique de la philosophie peut gagner en intelligibilité si on l’aborde comme le résultat d’un métier, celui de philosophe, s’exerçant dans des contextes et des moments différents.
Unifier : Canguilhem et la norme philosophique
Authors: Roth Xavier
Published: January 2020

On a pris l’habitude avec Foucault de présenter Canguilhem comme un philosophe « du savoir, de la rationalité et du concept », en raison d’une œuvre qu’on pensait « volontairement délimitée à un domaine particulier de l’histoire des sciences ». Pourtant, l’édition en cours de ses Œuvres complètes révèle que Canguilhem ne s’est jamais « véritablement » considéré comme historien des sciences. Lus de manière synoptique, ces écrits témoignent en effet d’une subordination de l’histoire des sciences à l’enseignement de la philosophie, dont l’objectif est de faire paraître l’unité de l’expérience comme la norme des normes.
Recognition and Segmentation of English Long and Short Sentences Based on Machine Translation
Authors: Zhang Tiehu
Published: January 2020

With the advent of the information age, long sentences which include many words and have more complex structures.. The translation of long sentences in English-Chinese machine translation has always been the focus of research. In this study, 400 long sentences were randomly selected from NTCIR-9 patent corpus for testing the recognition and segmentation effects of regular match method and error-driven method, and the accuracy rate of the translation was compared on Baidu Online Translation Platform. The results demonstrated that the regular matching method was effective in recognizing and segmenting long sentences, nevertheless there were many defects; the error-driven method was more effective in recognizing and segmenting long sentences; the former increased by 4.8% of the BLEU value of the translated text on Baidu Online Translation Platform and the latter increased by 12.1%, which showed that the error-driven method was more effective in machine translation.
Chibumons: A Positive Effect On Game to Undergraduate Students
Authors: Uiphanit Thanakorn , Bhattarakosol Pattarasinee , Suanpong Kwanrat , Iamsupasit Sompoch , Wongwan Chalotorn
Published: January 2020

In the university daily life, social skill is very important. Social skill helps students to participated and interact with people. In this paper, we present the research and development of a mobile game to develop students’ social skill, 'Chibumons'. The sample group consists of 120 students. The tools used in this research were 'Chibumons', and satisfaction with the game questionnaire. Statistical data analysis used in this research were average, percentage, and standard deviation. The research reveals that games can enhance the social skill of students. This consequently accretes their social skill, boosting up enjoyment, engagement, and make friendships amongst playing. Moreover, this study demonstrates that ‘Chibumons’ is able to promote developing social skill and motivates students in higher education.
Ontology-Assisted Enterprise Information Systems Integration in Manufacturing Supply Chain
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: January 2020

Manufacturing communities around the globe are eagerly witnessing the recent developments in semantic web technology (SWT). This technology combines a set of new mechanisms with grounded knowledge representation techniques to address the needs of formal information modelling and reasoning for web-based services. This chapter provides a high-level summary of SWT to help better understand the impact that this technology will have on wider enterprise information architectures. In many cases it also reuses familiar concepts with a new twist. For example, “ontologies” for “data dictionaries” and “semantic models” for “data models.” This chapter presents the usefulness of a proposed architecture by applying a theory to integrating data from multiple heterogeneous sources which entails dealing with semantic mapping between source schema and a resource description framework (RDF) ontology described declaratively using specific query language (i.e. SPARQL) queries. Finally, the semantic of query rewriting is further discussed and a query rewriting algorithm is presented.
Basics and Applications of Ferrofluids
Authors: Banerjee Sumanta
Published: January 2020

Engineered ‘smart' fluids, called ferrofluids, which permit static and dynamic control by external magnetic fields of low or moderate strengths present a novel and challenging domain for scientists and technologists. The introduction of a ‘controllable' or ‘tunable' external force into the momentum transport equations opens up new fields of physical phenomena. In situations where the external field influence becomes strong enough to compete with gravitational forces or acts as a sole external agency to drive flows in the hypo-gravity environment, a new class of hydrodynamic phenomena becomes accessible. Ferrofluids exhibit special rheological properties that make them suited for a number of technological and biomedical applications. This chapter outlines the underlying physics of field-fluid interactions on one hand; on the other, it cites novel techniques in ferrofluid-actuated electronics cooling, hydrostatic & hydrodynamic bearings, extreme-boundary lubrication, damping systems, biomimetic locomotion, and medical diagnostics (e.g. magnetic drug targeting & magnetic cell sorting).
Exploring the Entrepreneurial Motivations and Barriers of Agripreneurs in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Pehin Dato Musa Siti Fatimahwati , Pg Hj Idris Pg Siti Rozaidah , Basir Khairul Hidayatullah
Published: January 2020

This study explores the motivations and institutional barriers of local agripreneurs who are involved in different branches of agriculture in Brunei. Descriptive analysis and thematic analysis were performed to analyse the data. The agripreneurs in the study consider their venture into agriculture as an act of symbolic nationalistic support whereby they envision Brunei to be a nation less reliant on food imports, in line with the country's vision or better known as Wawasan 2035. In addition, their motivation is also based on Islamic values with the intention of seeking lawful earning and a path to a blessed monetary and hereafter rewards. The main problems faced by the agripreneurs are lack of access to finance, lack of infrastructure and technology, and lack of exposure. The research on local agripreneurs in the context of Brunei is scarce, thus this chapter provides a better understanding of their motivations and constraints for Brunei to realize the potential of the agriculture sector as an important driver of the economy and thus develop the sector further.