bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High driving pressure ventilation induces pulmonary hypertension in a rabbit model of acute lung injury
Authors: Xu Yonghao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Jie , Liang Weibo , Wang Ya , Zeng Zitao , Liang Zhenting , Ling Zhaoyi , Chen Yubiao , Deng Xiumei , Huang Yongbo , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Haibo , Li Yimin
Published: September 2023

Background

Mechanical ventilation may cause pulmonary hypertension in patients with acute lung injury (ALI), but the underlying mechanism remains elucidated.

Methods

ALI was induced in rabbits by a two-hit injury, i.e., hydrochloric acid aspiration followed by mechanical ventilation for 1 h. Rabbits were then ventilated with driving pressure of 10, 15, 20, or 25 cmH2O for 7 h. Clinicopathological parameters were measured at baseline and different timepoints of ventilation. RNA sequencing was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes in high driving pressure ventilated lung tissue.

Results

The two-hit injury induced ALI in rabbits was evidenced by dramatically decreased PaO2/FiO2in the ALI group compared with that in the control group (144.5 ± 23.8 mmHg vs. 391.6 ± 26.6 mmHg,P < 0.001). High driving pressure ventilation (20 and 25 cmH2O) significantly elevated the parameters of acute pulmonary hypertension at different timepoints compared with low driving pressure (10 and 15 cmH2O), along with significant increases in lung wet/dry ratios, total protein contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung injury scores. The high driving pressure groups showed more pronounced histopathological abnormalities in the lung compared with the low driving pressure groups, accompanied by significant increases in the cross-sectional areas of myocytes, right ventricular weight/body weight value, and Fulton’s index. Furthermore, the expression of the genes related to ferroptosis induction was generally upregulated in high driving pressure groups compared with those in low driving pressure groups.

Conclusions

A rabbit model of ventilation-induced pulmonary hypertension in ALI was successfully established. Our results open a new research direction investigating the exact role of ferroptosis in ventilation-induced pulmonary hypertension in ALI.
On a large magmatic fluid reservoir oblique to the volcanic front in the southern part of NE Japan revealed by the magnetotelluric survey
Authors: Diba Dieno , Uyeshima Makoto , Ichiki Masahiro , Sakanaka Shin’ya , Tamura Makoto , Yuan Yiren , Gresse Marceau , Yamaya Yusuke , Usui Yoshiya
Published: September 2023

Many active volcanoes and various types of seismic activities exist in the southern part of the Northeast Japan subduction zone. One of the geologically most interesting features in this area is the sequential explosive eruptions of a group of volcanoes. The group consists of Mt. Azuma and Mt. Adatara on the volcanic front line, Mt. Bandai west of the volcanic front, and Mt. Numazawa on the back-arc side. A previous petrological study on the eruption products regarded Mt. Numazawa as an anomalous back-arc volcano because its lavas are similar to those of volcanoes on the volcanic front. The reason behind this unique connection was unclear, and hence, this study was intended to understand the deep fluids distribution beneath the area. For this purpose, a 3-D regional electrical resistivity structure was estimated from a series of wide-band magnetotelluric surveys, with 45 observation points deployed from the fore-arc to the back-arc sides. The most important feature of the resistivity structure is a large conductive zone in the central part of the area, spanning from the upper mantle to the lower crust. Interestingly, the lateral elongation of the conductor is oblique to the volcanic front line and consistent with the spatial distribution of the group of volcanoes and the low-frequency earthquake clusters around them. Therefore, the conductor most likely represents a large, elongated magmatic fluid reservoir beneath the volcanoes. Hydrous partial melting might be the cause of the enhanced conductivity.

Graphical Abstract
Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor combined with iodine-125 seed brachytherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to transarterial chemoembolization: a propensity-matched study
Authors: Guo Yongjian , Wu Jingqiang , Liang Licong , Zhu Kangshun , Zhou Jingwen , Lin Liteng , Chen Ye , Cao Bihui , He Mingji , Lian Hui , Huang Wensou , Cai Mingyue
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To investigate the efficacy and safety of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with iodine-125 seed brachytherapy (TKI-I) versus TKI alone for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) refractory to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods

Data of patients with TACE-refractory HCC who received TKI (sorafenib or lenvatinib) or TKI-I from September 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to diminish potential bias. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP). Tumor responses and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were also compared between the two groups.

Results

A total of 132 patients were included in this study. Under PSM, 48 paired patients were selected for comparison. The median OS was 23.2 (95% CI 20.9–25.1) months in the TKI-I group versus 13.9 (95% CI 11.1–16.7) months in the TKI group (P < 0.001). The median TTP was 12.8 (95% CI 10.1–15.5) months in the TKI-I group versus 5.8 (95% CI 5.0-6.6) months in the TKI group (P < 0.001). Patients in the TKI-I group had higher objective response rate (68.8% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.001) and disease control rate (89.6% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.007) than those in the TKI group. The incidence and severity of TRAEs in the TKI-I group were comparable to those in the TKI group (any grade, 89.7% vs. 92.2%, P = 0.620; ≥grade 3, 33.8% vs. 32.8%, P = 0.902).

Conclusions

TKI-I was safe and significantly improved survival over TKI alone in HCC patients with TACE refractoriness.
Rhenium solubility and speciation in aqueous fluids at high temperature and pressure
Authors: Mysen Bjorn
Published: September 2023

In order to characterize rhenium transport via infiltration of fluids in the Earth's interior, the solubility and solution mechanisms of ReO2 in aqueous fluids were determined to 900 °C and about 1710 MPa by using an externally–heated hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. In order to shed light on how Re solubility and solution mechanisms in aqueous fluids can be affected by interaction of Re with other solutes, compositions ranged from the comparatively simple ReO2–H2O system to compositionally more complex Na2O–ReO2–SiO2–H2O fluids. Fluids in the ReO2–SiO2–H2O, SiO2–H2O, Na2O–SiO2–H2O, and Na2O–ReO2–H2O systems also were examined. The presence of Na2O enhances the ReO2 solubility so that in Na2O–ReO2–H2O fluids, for example, Re solubility is increased by a factor of 10–15 compared with the Re solubility in Na2O-free ReO2–H2O fluids. The SiO2 component in ReO2–SiO2–H2O causes reduction of ReO2 solubility compared with ReO2–H2O fluids. The ReO2 solubility in the Na-bearing Na2O–ReO2–SiO2–H2O fluids is greater than that in fluids in both the ReO2–H2O and ReO2–SiO2–H2O systems. Rhenium is dissolved in aqueous fluid as ReO4-complexes with Re in fourfold coordination with oxygen. Some, or all, of the oxygen in these complexes is replaced by OH-groups depending on whether Na2O also is present. It is proposed that during dehydration of hydrated subduction zone mineral assemblages in the upper mantle, the alkali/alkaline earth ratio of the source of the released aqueous fluid affects the extent to which Re (and other HFSE) can be transported into an overlying peridotite mantle wedge. The infiltration of such fluids will, in turn, affect the Re content (and Re/Os ratio) of magma formed by partial melting of this peridotite wedge.
Effect of Hypoxia Conditioning on Body Composition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: He Zhijian , Qiang Lijun , Liu Yusheng , Gao Wenfeng , Feng Tao , Li Yang , Yan Bing , Girard Olivier
Published: September 2023

Background

The effects of hypoxia conditioning, which involves recurrent exposure to hypoxia combined with exercise training, on improving body composition in the ageing population have not been extensively investigated.

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to determine if hypoxia conditioning, compared to similar training near sea level, maximizes body composition benefits in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases (up to 27th November 2022) was performed, including the reference lists of relevant papers. Three independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and health outcome measures. Search results were limited to original studies of the effects of hypoxia conditioning on body composition in middle-aged and older adults.

Results

Twelve studies with a total of 335 participants were included. Hypoxia conditioning induced greater reductions in body mass index (MD = -0.92, 95%CI: -1.28 to -0.55, I2 = 0%, p < 0.00001) and body fat (SMD = -0.38, 95%CI: -0.68 to -0.07, I2 = 49%, p = 0.01) in middle-aged and older adults compared with normoxic conditioning. Hypoxia conditioning improved lean mass with this effect not being larger than equivalent normoxic interventions in either middle-aged or older adults (SMD = 0.07, 95%CI -0.12 to 0.25, I2 = 0%, p = 0.48). Subgroup analysis showed that exercise in moderate hypoxia (FiO2 > 15%) had larger effects than more severe hypoxia (FiO2 ≤ 15%) for improving body mass index in middle-aged and older adults. Hypoxia exposure of at least 60 min per session resulted in larger benefits for both body mass index and body fat.

Conclusion

Hypoxia conditioning, compared to equivalent training in normoxia, induced greater body fat and body mass index improvements in middle-aged and older adults. Adding hypoxia exposure to exercise interventions is a viable therapeutic solution to effectively manage body composition in ageing population.
Patients’ experiences with participating in a team-based person-centred intervention for patients at risk of or diagnosed with COPD in general practice
Authors: Kolltveit Beate-Christin Hope , Graue Marit , Borge Christine Råheim , Frisk Bente
Published: September 2023

Background

Symptoms and complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can affect daily activities and quality of life, and patients with COPD require long-term follow-up by their general practitioner. Providing patients with or at risk of COPD practical skills and motivation to improve their self-management is important. On this background, an interdisciplinary follow-up program was designed based on the Guided Self-Determination counselling method to facilitate problem-solving and mutual decision-making between healthcare professionals and patients. The aim of the study was to explore patients and healthcare professionals` experiences with the Guided Self-Determination-program to investigate feasibility issues.

Methods

A qualitative design was used to get insights in the experiences of receiving the Guided Self-Determination counselling program. In total, 13 patients with COPD (mean age 71.7 ± 7.7 years) 4 were current smokers, and 7 at risk of COPD (mean age 54.1 ± 9.9 years) all current smokers, received the Guided Self-Determination program. The researchers performed individual semi-structured telephone interviews after the 12 months Guided Self-Determination program with two patients at risk of COPD, four patients with COPD, three nurses, and five general practitioners. The intervention consisted of structured consultations with the nurse and patient in collaboration with the general practitioner at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months. The Guided Self-Determination method comprised facilitation of a mutual reflection process between the patient and the nurse to enhance self-management skills. Each consultation lasted for 60 min. The interviews were analysed using thematic analyses.

Results

Two themes were identified: (1) A structured follow-up is challenging but motivating. (2) A counselling method that opens for conversation, but it requires resources.

Conclusions

The findings indicated that patients with or at risk of COPD experienced enhanced self-management skills after participating in a structured and systematic team-based follow-up in general practice with use of the Guided Self-Determination method. The regularity of the follow-up seemed to be important to succeed to help the patients making lifestyle changes to increase health benefits. However, the Guided Self-Determination method was experienced as time consuming among the general practitioners and nurses, and there are currently no available financial rates for this type of treatment in Norway which may be a barrier to further implementation.

Trial registration

The trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04076384).
Biocompatible Ti
3
Au–Ag/Cu thin film coatings with enhanced mechanical and antimicrobial functionality
Authors: Lukose Cecil Cherian , Anestopoulos Ioannis , Panagiotidis Iraklis-Stavros , Zoppi Guillaume , Black Anna M. , Dover Lynn G. , Bowen Leon , Serrano-Aroca Ángel , Liu Terence Xiaoteng , Mendola Lorenzo , Morrone Davide , Panayiotidis Mihalis I. , Birkett Martin
Published: September 2023

Background

Biofilm formation on medical device surfaces is a persistent problem that shelters bacteria and encourages infections and implant rejection. One promising approach to tackle this problem is to coat the medical device with an antimicrobial material. In this work, for the first time, we impart antimicrobial functionality to Ti
3
Au intermetallic alloy thin film coatings, while maintaining their superior mechanical hardness and biocompatibility.

Methods

A mosaic Ti sputtering target is developed to dope controlled amounts of antimicrobial elements of Ag and Cu into a Ti
3
Au coating matrix by precise control of individual target power levels. The resulting Ti
3
Au-Ag/Cu thin film coatings are then systematically characterised for their structural, chemical, morphological, mechanical, corrosion, biocompatibility-cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties.

Results

X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the formation of a super hard β-Ti
3
Au phase, but the thin films undergo a transition in crystal orientation from (200) to (211) with increasing Ag concentration, whereas introduction of Cu brings no observable changes in crystal orientation. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis show the polyhedral shape of the Ti
3
Au crystal but agglomeration of Ag particles between crystal grains begins at 1.2 at% Ag and develops into large granules with increasing Ag concentration up to 4.1 at%. The smallest doping concentration of 0.2 at% Ag raises the hardness of the thin film to 14.7 GPa, a 360% improvement compared to the ∼4 GPa hardness of the standard Ti
6
Al
4
V base alloy. On the other hand, addition of Cu brings a 315—330% improvement in mechanical hardness of films throughout the entire concentration range of 0.5—7.1 at%. The thin films also show good electrochemical corrosion resistance and a > tenfold reduction in wear rate compared to Ti
6
Al
4
V alloy. All thin film samples exhibit very safe cytotoxic profiles towards L929 mouse fibroblast cells when analysed with Alamar blue assay, with ion leaching concentrations lower than 0.2 ppm for Ag and 0.08 ppm for Cu and conductivity tests reveal the positive effect of increased conductivity on myogenic differentiation. Antimicrobial tests show a drastic reduction in microbial survival over a short test period of < 20 min for Ti
3
Au films doped with Ag or Cu concentrations as low as 0.2—0.5 at%.

Conclusion

Therefore, according to these results, this work presents a new antimicrobial Ti
3
Au-Ag/Cu coating material with excellent mechanical performance with the potential to develop wear resistant medical implant devices with resistance to biofilm formation and bacterial infection.

Graphical Abstract
The effects of low-fat dairy products fortified with 1500 IU vitamin D3 on serum liver function biomarkers in adults with abdominal obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharifan Payam , Darroudi Susan , Rafiee Mahdi , Roustai Geraylow Kiarash , Hemmati Romina , Rashidmayvan Mohammad , Safarian Mohamad , Eslami Saeid , Vatanparast Hassan , Zare-Feizabadi Reza , Mohammadi-Bjgiran Maryam , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Khorasanchi Zahra , Bagherniya Mohammad , Ferns Gordon , Rezaie Mitra , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to affect liver function biomarkers. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of consuming vitamin D fortified low-fat dairy products on liver function tests in adults with abdominal obesity.

Methods

This total blinded randomized controlled trial was undertaken on otherwise healthy abdominally obese adults living in Mashhad, Iran. Milk and yogurt were fortified with 1500 IU vitamin D3 nano-capsules. Participants were randomized to receive fortified milk (n = 73), plain milk (n = 73), fortified yogurt (n = 69), and plain yogurt (n = 74) for 10 weeks. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of the study to assess serum levels of vitamin D, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Gamma glutamyl transferase.

Results

A total of 289 participants completed the study (54% female). The groups were homogenous in terms of age, sex, weight, energy intake, and physical activity level (p-value > 0.05). After the trial, vitamin D serum levels were significantly increased in both groups receiving fortified products (both p < 0.001). There was a significant time*group effect only in serum ALP (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Consumption of dairy products fortified by 1500 IU vitamin D3 might have detrimental effects on serum levels of some liver enzymes in individuals with abdominal obesity. Further studies needed to determine these effects and underlying mechanisms.

Trial registration: IRCT20101130005280N27.
Feasibility of the chick chorioallantoic membrane model for preclinical studies on tumor radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Wessendorf Joel , Scheschenja Michael , Bastian Moritz B. , König Alexander M. , Pagenstecher Axel , Helmprobst Frederik , Buchholz Malte , Tatura Marina , Jedelská Jarmila , Mahnken Andreas H.
Published: September 2023

Background

We evaluated the feasibility of a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor model for preclinical research on tumor radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods

Fertilized chicken eggs were incubated and divided into five cohorts: RFA for 30 s (n = 5), RFA for 60 s (n = 5), RFA for 120 s (n = 4), sham (n = 8), and controls (n = 6). Xenografting using pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells of the BON-1 cell line was performed on embryonic day (ED) 8. The RFA was performed on ED 12. Survival, stereomicroscopic observations, and histological observations using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and Ki67 staining were evaluated.

Results

The survival rates in the 30-s, 60-s, and 120-s, sham and control cohort were 60%, 60%, 0%, 100%, and 50%, respectively. Signs of bleeding and heat damage were common findings in the evaluation of stereomicroscopic observations. Histological examination could be performed in all but one embryo. Heat damage, bleeding, thrombosis, and leukocyte infiltration and hyperemia were regular findings in H&E-stained cuts. A complete absence of Ki67 staining was recorded in 33.3% and 50% of embryos in the 30-s and 60-s cohorts that survived until ED 14, respectively.

Conclusions

The CAM model is a feasible and suiting research model for tumor RFA with many advantages over other animal models. It offers the opportunity to conduct in vivo research under standardized conditions. Further studies are needed to optimize this model for tumor ablations in order to explore promising but unrefined strategies like the combination of RFA and immunotherapy.

Relevance statement

The chick chorioallantoic membrane model allows in vivo research on tumor radiofrequency ablation under standardized conditions that may enable enhanced understanding on combined therapies while ensuring animal welfare in concordance with the “Three Rs.”

Key points

• The chorioallantoic membrane model is feasible and suiting for tumor radiofrequency ablation.

• Radiofrequency ablation regularly achieved reduction but not eradication of Ki67 staining.

• Histological evaluation showed findings comparable to changes in humans after RFA.

• The chorioallantoic membrane model can enable studies on combined therapies after optimization.

Graphical Abstract
Heterogeneity of treatment responses in rheumatoid arthritis using group based trajectory models: secondary analysis of clinical trial data
Authors: Ibrahim Fowzia , Scott Ian C , Scott David L , Ayis Salma Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Background

Traditionally rheumatoid arthritis (RA) trials classify patients as responders and non-responders; they ignore the potential range of treatment responses. Group Based Trajectory Models (GBTMs) provide a more refined approach. They identify patient subgroups with similar outcome trajectories. We used GBTMs to classify patients into subgroups of varying responses and explore factors associated with different responses to intensive treatment in a secondary analysis of intensive treatment in the TITRATE clinical trial.

Methods

The TITRATE trial enrolled 335 patients with RA: 168 patients were randomised to receive intensive management, which comprised monthly assessments including measures of the disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28), treatment escalation when patients were not responding sufficiently and psychosocial support; 163 of these patients completed the trial. We applied GBTMs to monthly DAS28 scores over one year to these patients who had received intensive management. The control group had standard care and were assessed every 6 months; they had too few DAS28 scores for applying GBTMs.

Results

GBTMs identified three distinct trajectories in the patients receiving intensive management: good (n = 40), moderate (n = 76) and poor (n = 47) responders. Baseline body mass index (BMI), disability, fatigue and depression levels were significantly different between trajectory groups. Few (10%) good responders were obese, compared to 38% of moderate, and 43% of poor responders (P = 0.002). Few (8%) good responders had depression, compared to 14% moderate responders, and 38% poor responders (P < 0.001). The key difference in treatments was using high-cost biologics, used in only 5% of good responders but 30% of moderate and 51% of poor responders (P < 0.001). Most good responders had endpoint remissions and low disability, pain, and fatigue scores; few poor responders achieved any favourable outcomes.

Conclusion

GBTMs identified three trajectories of disease activity progression in patients receiving intensive management for moderately active RA. Baseline variables like obesity and depression predicted different treatment responses. Few good responders needed biologic drugs; they responded to conventional DMARDs alone. GBTMs have the potential to facilitate precision medicine enabling patient-oriented treatment strategies based on key characteristics.

Registration

TITRATE Trial ISRCTN 70160382.
Surgical management of cerebrovascular disease in Africa: a systematic review of state
Authors: Alare Kehinde , Opanike Joshua , Adebayo Temidayo , Owonikoko AbdulSalam , Edun Mariam , Tajudeen Qudus
Published: September 2023

Background

Surgical management is one of the mainstay management options for cerebrovascular diseases, which is not only curative but also preventive. However, there's a gap between the surgical management of cerebrovascular disease in Africa when compared to the developed parts of the world.

Methods

A literature search was done on the state of Cerebrovascular surgery in Africa from databases such as Pubmed, Embase, and Google Scholar, articles we fetched and meticulously reviewed.

Results

We found gaps in the surgical management of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke in African countries when compared to developed countries. The challenges facing the surgical management of cerebrovascular disease in Africa include a low number of neurosurgeons and vascular surgeons trained in the surgical management of these diseases, a lack of adequate facilities for surgical management, and others. The burden of cerebrovascular diseases in Africa is great, and this warrants an improvement in the surgical management of the conditions, which includes primary prevention of such diseases through public health education on risk factors, improvement of health facilities to accommodate recent advances in the cerebrovascular surgeries, establishments of several neurosurgery training centers.

Conclusion

The practice of surgical management of cerebrovascular disease in Africa needs to be optimized for it to be at the global standard and for better outcomes and management of patients.
Ectopic meningioma presenting as a neck mass: case report and review of literature
Authors: Vijayan Balu , Arjunan Asha , Balakrishnan Priya , Mathews Anitha , Valsalamony Jiji , Radhakrishnan Neelima , Jose Nijo
Published: September 2023

Background

Ectopic meningiomas are rare neoplasms that occur entirely outside the intracranial and intraspinal cavities and account for only 1–2% of all meningiomas. These tumors have been reported at various sites, however they are predominantly observed in the head and neck region. Here, we detail a case of an adult diagnosed with ectopic meningioma of the neck.

Case presentation

A 26-year-old woman underwent evaluation for a neck swelling associated with difficult in swallowing. Clinical examination revealed a firm, non-tender and non-pulsatile swelling in the right side of neck. On imaging, a soft tissue mass lesion was seen involving the right supra-hyoid neck, centered at the right carotid space/retro-styloid parapharyngeal space. She underwent maximal safe resection of the tumor and a consensus was reached regarding the diagnosis of ectopic meningioma based on the histopathological, clinical and radiological findings. Relevant literature is reviewed.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of ectopic meningioma may pose difficulties due to their occurrence in uncommon sites. The primary approach to treatment entails the surgical removal of the neoplasm, and a multidisciplinary strategy is pivotal for achieving the best possible clinical outcomes for patients with this rare entity.
Micronuclei detection in oral cytologic smear: does it add diagnostic value?
Authors: Elnaggar Alaa , Madkour Gihane , Tahoun Neveen , Amin Ayman , Zahran Fat’heya M.
Published: September 2023

Background

Screening and early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are directly associated with increased survival rate and improved prognosis. Noninvasive diagnostic tools have been implemented in the early detection as toluidine blue staining, optical imaging, and oral cytology. This study aimed to assess and compare the presence of micronuclei (MN) in oral exfoliative cytology of healthy controls, subjects exposed to high-risk factors for oral cancer, subjects with oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs), and those with malignant oral lesions.

Subjects and methods

A total number of 92 subjects were divided into 46 healthy controls with no oral mucosal lesions (23 with no evidence of cancer risk factors and 23 with cancer risk factors), 23 with OPMLs and 23 with oral malignant lesions. All the 92 participants were subjected to cytological sampling for detection of MN. The final diagnosis of the oral lesions was confirmed by the histopathological picture and compared to the cytological results.

Results

The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy of MN was higher in OPMLs group (95.2%). The sensitivity of MN test in malignant group was much lower (52.2%); however, all the cytological criteria of malignancy were markedly detected as compared to the OPMLs group.

Conclusions

Conventional oral cytology supported by MN is highly beneficial as adjunctive tool in the screening for early detection of dysplastic oral lesions.
India’s trade with South and Central Asia: an application of institution-based augmented gravity model
Authors: Wani Suadat Hussain , Yasmin Effat
Published: September 2023

The present study investigates the effect of regional and bilateral trade agreements supported by institutional framework on bilateral trade between India and selected South and Central Asian countries. The augmented gravity model that corrects for zero trade, endogeneity and heterogeneity is used. The model is developed by applying OLS and PPML (Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood) estimation technique using panel dataset of 22 countries from 1996 to 2020. Empirical results show that trade agreements have failed to enhance trade between selected countries. However, institutional framework positively contributes to trade integration among these countries. The key finding of this study is that regional trade agreements supported by institutional framework play an important role in promotion of trade among these countries. Thus, the government needs to pay attention to enhance institutional quality to reap the benefits of trade integration.
Surgical Management of Craniospinal Axis Solitary Fibrous Tumors: A Single-Institution Case Series and Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Piscopo Anthony J. , Chowdhury A. J. , Teferi Nahom , Lee Sarah , Challa Meron , Petronek Michael , Eschbacher Kathryn , Bathla Girish , Buatti John M. , Hitchon Patrick
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) comprise 0.4% of primary central nervous system neoplasms and carry metastatic potential. Disease course and optimal management are largely unknown, and there is currently no literature rigorously describing neurological outcomes in surgically managed SFTs. We present one of the largest craniospinal SFT series, analyze patient outcomes, and extensively review the associated literature.

METHODS:

All surgically managed SFTs at our institution between January 2005 and March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, tumor and radiographic features, treatment, and clinical outcomes were collected. Neurological function was quantified using Frankel grade and Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology scores. Descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis, log-rank test, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were performed.

RESULTS:

Twenty-one patients satisfied inclusion criteria. Tumor locations included 15 supratentorial, three infratentorial, and three spinal. All patients underwent surgical resection, and 16 (76.2%) underwent radiation. Six (28.6%) patients had tumor recurrence, and three (14.3%) developed metastasis. Younger age and higher postoperative Frankel grade were significantly associated with increased overall survival (OS) (P = .011, P = .002, respectively). All patients symptomatically improved or stabilized after surgery, and Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology score (P = .001) and functional status significantly improved postoperatively (Karnofsky Performance Status: 65.2 ± 25.2 vs 91.4 ± 13.5, P = .001). Sex, adjuvant radiation, and extent of resection were not significantly associated with OS.

CONCLUSION:

SFT of the central nervous system is a rare entity with a variable clinical course. Surgical resection was associated with improved postoperative functional and neurological status. Higher postoperative neurological function was significantly associated with OS. Further studies are warranted to validate a standardized treatment algorithm and investigate the efficacy of adjuvant radiation in SFT.
An active traveling wave of Eda/NF-κB signaling controls the timing and hexagonal pattern of skin appendages in zebrafish
Authors: Evanitsky Maya N. , Di Talia Stefano
Published: September 2023

Periodic patterns drive the formation of a variety of tissues, including skin appendages such as feathers and scales. Skin appendages serve important and diverse functions across vertebrates, yet the mechanisms that regulate their patterning are not fully understood. Here, we have used live imaging to investigate dynamic signals regulating the ontogeny of zebrafish scales. Scales are bony skin appendages that develop sequentially along the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes to cover the fish in a hexagonal array. We have found that scale development requires cell-cell communication and is coordinated through an active wave mechanism. Using a live transcriptional reporter, we show that a wave of Eda/NF-κB activity precedes scale initiation and is required for scale formation. Experiments decoupling the propagation of the wave from dermal placode formation and osteoblast differentiation demonstrate that the Eda/NF-κB activity wavefront controls the timing of the sequential patterning of scales. Moreover, this decoupling resulted in defects in scale size and significant deviations in the hexagonal patterning of scales. Thus, our results demonstrate that a biochemical traveling wave coordinates scale initiation and proper hexagonal patterning across the fish body.
The Origin and Nature of the Egg Membranes in Chirocephalus diaphanus
Authors: Mawson Mary L. , longe C. M.
Published: September 2023

The anatomy of the female reproductive system in Chirocephalus diaphanus is described with especial reference to the paired anterior and posterior masses of uterine glands. The gland-cells are arranged in pairs surrounded by a common membrane and served by a single duct formed by a separate duct-cell, representing possibly an ingrowth of the uterine epithelium. The glands increase greatly in size during development owing to the formation of a granular secretion which is apparently formed in the nucleus and gradually displaces the original cytoplasm. The egg-case consists of an inner membrane which is chitinous and is formed by the oviducal epithelium, and an outer thicker, rugose membrane which is non-chitinous and is secreted by the uterine glands. Attention is drawn to the close resemblance to conditions in the Decapoda. The inner membrane in both cases is chitinous and formed in the oviduct, while the uterine secretion has much in common with the secretion of the cement glands, but is concerned with protection only and not also with attachment to the body of the female.
Simple demographic, laboratory and chest radiograph variables can identify COVID-19 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism: a retrospective multicentre United Kingdom study
Authors: Gangi-Burton Anmol , Chan Nathan , Ashok Abhishekh H , Nair Arjun
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

To (1) identify discriminatory demographic, laboratory and initial CXR findings; (2) explore correlation between D-dimer and radiographic severity scores; and (3) assess accuracy of published D-dimer thresholds to identify pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

Retrospective study including all COVID-19 patients admitted from 1st to 30th April 2020 meeting inclusion criteria from 25 United Kingdom hospitals. Demographics, blood results, CXR and CTPA findings were compared between positive and negative PTE cohorts using uni- and multivariable logistic regression. Published D-dimer cut-offs were applied.

Results:

389 patients were included [median age 63; 237 males], of which 26.2% had a PTE. Significant univariable discriminators for PTE were peak D-dimer, sex, neutrophil count at the time of the D-dimer and at admission, abnormal CXR, and CXR zonal severity score. Only neutrophil count at peak D-dimer remained significant for predicting PTE on multivariable analysis (p = 0.008). When compared with the published literature, sensitivity for PTE were lower than those published at all cut-off values; however, specificity at different cut-offs was variable.

Conclusions:

In this multicentre COVID-19 cohort, univariable admission factors that could indicate pulmonary thromboembolism were male sex, high neutrophil count and abnormal CXR with a greater CXR zonal severity score. The accuracy levels of published D-dimer thresholds were not reproducible in our population.

Advances in knowledge:

This is a large multicentre study looking at the discriminatory value of simple variables to determine if a patient with COVID-19 has PTE or not, in addition to comparing D-dimer cut-off values against published values.
Computed tomography defined femoral artery plaque composition predicts vascular complications during transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Carande Elliott J , Salim Tarik S , Chase Alexander , Sekar Baskar , Aldalati Omar , Hailan Ahmed , Khurana Ayush , Smith Dave , Obaid Daniel Rhys
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Vascular and bleeding complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are common and lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Analysis of plaque at the arterial access site may improve prediction of complications.

Methods:

We investigated the association between demographic and procedural risk factors for Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-3) vascular complications in patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI with use of a vascular closure device (ProGlide® or MANTA®) in this retrospective cohort study. The ability of pre-procedure femoral CT angiography to predict complications was investigated including a novel method of quantifying plaque composition of the common femoral artery using plaque maps created with patient specific X-ray attenuation cut-offs.

Results:

23 vascular complications occurred in the 299 patients in the study group (7.7%). There were no demographic risk factors associated with vascular complications and no statistical difference between use of closure device (ProGlide®vs MANTA®) and vascular complications. Vascular complications after TAVI were associated with sheath size (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.08–1.76, P 0.01) and strongly associated with CT-derived necrotic core volume in the common femoral artery of the procedural side (OR 17.49, 95% CI 1.21–226.60, P 0.03).

Conclusion:

Plaque map analysis of the common femoral artery by CT angiography reveals patients with greater necrotic core are at increased risk of VARC-3 vascular complications.

Advances in knowledge:

The novel measurement of necrotic core volume in the common femoral artery on the procedural side by CT analysis was associated with post-TAVI vascular complications, which can be used to highlight increased risk.
MR and CT angiography in the diagnosis of vasculitides
Authors: Ghorishi Alex , Alayon Amaris , Ghaddar Tarek , Kandah Maya , Amundson Per K
Published: September 2023

Vasculitides represent the wide-ranging series of complex inflammatory diseases that involve inflammation of blood vessel walls. These conditions are characterized according to the caliber of the predominantly involved vessels. The work-up of vasculitides often includes imaging to narrow a differential diagnosis and guide management. Findings from CT and MR angiography in conjunction with a thorough history and physical exam are of utmost importance in making an accurate diagnosis. Further, imaging can be used for follow-up, in order to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. This wide-ranging literature review serves as the primary resource for clinicians looking to diagnose and monitor the progression of rare vascular inflammatory conditions. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the main findings on imaging related to each of these vasculitides. For each of the named vasculitis conditions, a thorough overview of the diagnostic modalities and their respective findings is described. Many specific hallmarks of pathology are included in this review article.
LGPD NA COMUNICAÇÃO INTERNA DOS GESTORES E COLABORADORES
Authors: Staub Angela Aparecida Dias , Modinger Elisane Maria , Viana Luciane Pereira
Published: September 2023

A conjuntura atual de trabalho nas organizações trouxe aos líderes uma série de desafios que exigem novas estratégias gerenciais, resultando na valorização da comunicação interna. Tendo como foco principal a adequação à Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) e o fortalecimento de vínculo entre gestores e equipe, este artigo tem como objetivo descrever as percepções e os formatos utilizados pelos gestores ao transmitir uma mensagem para sua equipe e identificar seu conhecimento e adequação aos preceitos gerados pela LGPD, na comunicação interna. Foi utilizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário online com doze perguntas, tendo como público-alvo os gestores de uma empresa do ramo calçadista, da cidade de Novo Hamburgo/RS. É possível perceber que a maioria dos gestores considera a comunicação interna regular e que não tem conhecimento sobre a LGPD, bem como sobre como proteger seus dados pessoais e de seus colaboradores. Assim, foram enumeradas sugestões para a empresa com o objetivo de contribuir para a melhoria na comunicação e na implantação da LGDP.
“SINTA-SE BELA E CONFORTÁVEL”: USO ESTRATÉGICO DE MENSAGEM NAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS POR FÁBRICAS DE LINGERIES
Authors: Teixeira Linnik Israel Lima , Oliveira Júnior Marcos Antônio Cavalcante de , Silva Laise Do Nascimento , Barroso Elane Dos Santos Silva
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho investigou que perspectivas de marketing são adotadas por empresas de lingerie em suas redes sociais. O estudo analisou as postagens, em redes sociais, de quatro empresas (duas no Ceará e duas no Piauí) à luz das perspectivas transacionais e relacionais. Os resultados evidenciaram que as empresas estudadas apresentam estrutura de mensagem semelhante: descrição do produto, associação com sentimento e mensagem otimista. A perspectiva transacional (foco no produto ou empresa) é preponderante à perspectiva relacional (engajamento dos usuários). As empresas cearenses mostraram-se mais preocupadas com ações de engajamento, enquanto as piauienses concentraram-se em mensagens positivas. A pesquisa lança um olhar pioneiro para que empresas do ramo (re)pensem e (re)formulem sua estratégia digital.
FATORES DETERMINANTES DE POSTURAS GERENCIAIS ESTRATÉGICAS EM MICROS E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Lemos Anderson Queiroz
Published: September 2023

Os gestores organizacionais adotam ações que bloqueiam a aproximação com os atores político-sociais (postura buffering) e as ações que criam pontes estratégicas (postura bridging). No entanto, a literatura sobre stakeholders fornece informações escassas sobre o envolvimento entre micro e pequenas empresas e os seus públicos. A pesquisa investigou os fatores determinantes das atividades buffering e bridging em micro e pequenas empresas. Utilizando uma amostra de 160 empresas, foram testadas hipóteses baseadas nas contigências ambientais, na dependência de recursos, responsabilidade social corporativa e abordagem teórica dos stakeholders. O processo de análise foi modelagem de equações estruturais. Verificou-se que o poder organizacional não determinou nenhuma postura, e que as incertezas ambientais e a iniciativa estratégica dos gestores determinaram bridging e buffering. O pioneirismo estratégico dos gestores foi o fator mais importante para a postura bridging, mas, quando enfrentam incertezas, as empresas protegem-se com mais intensidade das demandas dos stakeholders sociais que dos políticos.
In vitro comparison of color stability and surface roughness of bulk fill flowable composite and universal packable composite
Authors: Almulhim Khalid S. , Shetty Ashwin C. , Alkathiri Hanan , Alabdulqader Dalal , Al-Yami Fatimah
Published: September 2023

Background: Bulk fill composites have been introduced as restorative material, where they can be cured up to 4 mm thickness. In this research, we evaluated several flowable bulk fill composite material that can be used as anterior restorations, by testing color stability and surface roughness and compare them to the universal packable composite.

Methods: 120 disc-shaped specimens were made from four composite materials shade A1: One universal packable composite (Filtek Z250 XT Universal), and three bulk fill flowable composite (G-aenial Flo X, Filtek Bulk Fill, SDR Plus Bulk Fill). Composite specimens were randomly divided into two groups according to the finishing and polishing system: Sof-lex discs, and Rubber stone system. The baseline color test was performed for each specimen, and the surface roughness was measured at three different points. Specimens were further divided equally and immersed in three different solutions (Distilled Water, Coffee and Cola). Readings were taken at three different time intervals: at the baseline, after 3 days, and after 10 days.

Results: Comparing the tested materials in terms of color change, Kruskal Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the composite materials immersed in same solution. On the other hand, Filtek bulk fill composite material presented the least surface roughness compared to the other materials. However, there were no statistically significant difference in surface roughness comparing the two polishing systems, except in SDR bulk fill flowable composite material which had less surface roughness with rubber stone system at the baseline.  

Conclusions: Within the limitation of our study, it can be concluded that there was no major difference in color change between materials regardless of other factors. The three used bulk fill flowable composites are not recommended as anterior restorations as they yield color change detected by the naked eye (∆E where ≥ 3.3).
Effect of clinical risk factors on bacteriological profile in neonatal sepsis: A descriptive cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center, Nepal
Authors: Chaurasiya Prem Shankar , Singh Umesh Kumar , Yadav Bibek Kumar , Chaurasiya Ajay Kumar , Shah Poonam Rani
Published: September 2023

Background: Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The common causative bacteria are Group B Streptococci, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus, Enterococci, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. The risk factors are premature rupture of membrane, meconium-staining, foul-smelling amniotic fluid, low birth weight, prematurity, low Apgar score, mode of deliveries, and mechanical ventilation. The treatment for neonatal sepsis is a beta-lactam antibiotic combined with an aminoglycoside. The aim of the study was to find the incidence and factors associated with culture-positive neonatal sepsis, and common bacterial isolates.

Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 neonates admitted with neonatal sepsis at Narayani Central Hospital, Birgunj from July 2021 to July 2022. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal (Reference no. 669/ 2022). A convenient sampling was followed. Data regarding different clinical factors were collected in a structured questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 22.0 using a binary regression model.

Results: The study revealed the mean age, weight, and gestational age of neonates were 2.79kg±0.55kg, 6.19±3.87 days, and 37.64±1.27 weeks respectively. Out of the total cases, 26.5% (102) were culture-positive neonatal sepsis. Staph aureus was the predominant pathogen (40, 39.2%) followed by Klebsiella (25, 24.5%) and Acinetobacter (16, 15.7%). The Premature rupture of membrane (OR=4.32, 95% CI: 2.20–8.47) and Mothers with foul-smelling amniotic fluid (OR=3.03, 95% CI: 1.32–6.92) are statistically associated with culture-positive neonatal sepsis.

Conclusion: The factors responsible for the high burden of neonatal sepsis such as premature rupture of membrane, foul-smelling amniotic fluid, prematurity, low birth weight, unhygienic home delivery practices, can be avoided dramatically. The role of pediatricians, nurses, hospital administrations and general awareness among mothers about hygienic practices during parturition are essential to minimize neonatal mortality and morbidity.