bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from CDX1 Expression Induced by CagA-Expressing Helicobacter pylori Promotes Gastric Tumorigenesis
Authors: Choi Sang Il , Yoon Changhwan , Park Mi Ree , Lee DaHyung , Kook Myeong-Cherl , Lin Jian-Xian , Kang Jun Hyuk , Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane T. , Yoon Sam S. , Cho Soo-Jeong
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Intestinal-type gastric cancer often results from Helicobacter pylori infection through intestinal metaplasia, a transdifferentiated premalignant phenotype. Because H. pylori virulence factor CagA has been associated with aberrant expression of the transcription factor CDX1, which regulates intestinal differentiation, we explored its relationship with H. pylori infection and function during gastric carcinogenesis in normal gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cell lines. Infection of HFE 145 cells with CagA+ H. pylori increased expression of CDX1, as well as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers Snail and Slug, increased invasion and migration, but those effects were not found in HFE 145 cells infected with CagA-deficient H. pylori. CDX1 overexpression increased expression of the intestinal markers Villin, sucrose isomaltase (SI), and MUC2, induced spheroid formation, and enhanced expression of the stem cell markers CD44, SOX2, Oct4, and Nanog, while CDX1 knockdown inhibited proliferation and intestinal stemness. Treatment of CDX1-expressing cells with metformin, an antidiabetic drug known to decrease the risk of gastric cancer, decreased expression of EMT and stemness markers, and reduced spheroid formation. In a murine xenograft model, combining metformin or shCDX1 with cisplatin reduced tumor growth, increased caspase-3 cleavage, and reduced expression of CD44 and MMP-9 to a greater degree than cisplatin alone. Patients with more advanced intestinal metaplasia staging exhibited higher CDX1 expression than those with earlier intestinal metaplasia staging (P = 0.039), and those with H. pylori tended to have more CDX1 expression than noninfected patients (P = 0.061). Finally, human tissue samples with higher CDX1 levels showed prominent CD44/SOX2 expression. Our findings indicate CagA+ H. pylori–induced CDX1 expression may enhance gastric cancer tumorigenesis and progression, and support therapeutic targeting of CDX1 in gastric cancer.
Implications:
This study shows that CDX1 contributes to the tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer and suggests the potential of targeting CDX1 to treat this malignancy.
Data from Targeting Translation Initiation Bypasses Signaling Crosstalk Mechanisms That Maintain High MYC Levels in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wiegering Armin , Uthe Friedrich W. , Jamieson Thomas , Ruoss Yvonne , Hüttenrauch Melanie , Küspert Maritta , Pfann Christina , Nixon Colin , Herold Steffi , Walz Susanne , Taranets Lyudmyla , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Rosenwald Andreas , Sansom Owen J. , Eilers Martin
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting that inhibiting MYC may have significant therapeutic value. The PI3K and mTOR pathways control MYC turnover and translation, respectively, providing a rationale to target both pathways to inhibit MYC. Surprisingly, inhibition of PI3K does not promote MYC turnover in colon carcinoma cells, but enhances MYC expression because it promotes FOXO-dependent expression of growth factor receptors and MAPK-dependent transcription of MYC. Inhibition of mTOR fails to inhibit translation of MYC, because levels of 4EBPs are insufficient to fully sequester eIF4E and because an internal ribosomal entry site element in the 5′-untranslated region of the MYC mRNA permits translation independent of eIF4E. A small-molecule inhibitor of the translation factor eIF4A, silvestrol, bypasses the signaling feedbacks, reduces MYC translation, and inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model of colorectal tumorigenesis. We propose that targeting translation initiation is a promising strategy to limit MYC expression in colorectal tumors.

Significance: Inhibiting MYC function is likely to have a significant therapeutic impact in colorectal cancers. Here, we explore several strategies to target translation initiation in order to block MYC expression. We show that a small-molecule inhibitor of eIF4A inhibits MYC expression and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Discov; 5(7); 768–81. ©2015 AACR.

See related commentary by Castell and Larsson, p. 701.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
Review of ABO Expression and Variations based on Transcriptional Regulation of the ABO Blood Group Gene
Authors: Ogasawara Kenichi , Sano Rie , Kominato Yoshihiko
Published: March 2024

Background and Summary: We review the transcriptional regulation of ABO expression and discuss variants in the promoter and erythroid cell-specific regulatory region in individuals with weak ABO phenotypes such as Bm, Am, B3, and A3. We also review the molecular mechanisms responsible for variations in ABO expression in development and disease including the cell type-specific expression of ABO during erythroid cell differentiation, and reduction of A- or B-antigens in cancer cells or on red blood cells in patients with leukemia. Although the relationship between ABO blood group antigens and diseases has been characterized, the physiological significance of the ABO blood group system remains unclear. Key Messages: This review discusses accumulated knowledge of the ABO gene regulation and potential reasons for conservation of ABO during evolution.
Temporal Trends in Severe Brain Injury and Associated Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Razak Abdul , Johnston Emily , Stewart Alice , Clark Marissa A. T. , Stevens Penelope , Charlton Margaret , Wong Flora , McDonald C. , Hunt Rod W. , Miller Suzanne , Malhotra Atul
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Severe brain injury (SBI), including severe intraventricular haemorrhage (sIVH) and cystic periventricular leukomalacia, poses significant challenges for preterm infants, yet recent data and trends are limited. Methods: Analyses were conducted using the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network data on preterm infants born <32 weeks’ gestation admitted at Monash Children’s Hospital, Australia, from January 2014 to April 2021. The occurrence and trends of SBI and sIVH among preterm infants, along with the rates and trends of death and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in SBI infants were assessed. Results: Of 1,609 preterm infants, 6.7% had SBI, and 5.6% exhibited sIVH. A total of 37.6% of infants with SBI did not survive to discharge, with 92% of these deaths occurring following redirection of clinical care. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 65.2% of SBI survivors, while 86.4% of SBI survivors experienced NDI. No statistically significant differences were observed in the temporal trends of SBI (adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.08 [0.97–1.20]; p = 0.13) or sIVH (adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.09 [0.97–1.21]; p = 0.11). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference noted in the temporal trend of the composite outcome, which included death or NDI among infants with SBI (adjusted OR [95% CI] 0.90 [0.53–1.53]; p = 0.71). Conclusion: Neither the rates of SBI nor its associated composite outcome of death or NDI improved over time. A notable proportion of preterm infants with SBI faced redirection of care and subsequent mortality, while most survivors exhibited adverse neurodevelopmental challenges. The development of better therapeutic interventions is imperative to improve outcomes for these vulnerable infants.
Health-Related Quality of Life after Hysterectomy for Endometrial Cancer: The Impact of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Shifting Paradigm
Authors: Ferrari Federico , Soleymani Majd Hooman , Giannini Andrea , Favilli Alessandro , Laganà Antonio Simone , Gozzini Elisa , Odicino Franco
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols provide well-known benefits in the immediate recovery with a shorter length of stay (LOS) and also in gynecological surgery. However, the impact of ERAS has not been clearly showed yet regarding long-term consequences and health-related quality of life (HRQL). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ERAS on HRQL after hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. Design: An observational retrospective study with propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. Participants: We administered the SF-36 validated questionnaire to women underwent hysterectomy and lymph nodal staging before and after introducing ERAS protocol, getting, respectively, a standard practice (SP) and ERAS group. Settings: The study was conducted at the academic hospital. Methods: We collected demographic, clinical, surgical and postoperative data and performed a PSM of the baseline confounders. We administered the questionnaire 4 weeks after the surgery. The SF-36 measures HRQL using eight scales: physical functioning (PF), role physical (RLP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (Vt), social functioning (SF), role emotional (RLE) and mental health (MH). Results: After PSM, we enrolled a total of 154 patients, 77 in each group (SP and ERA). The two groups were similar in terms of age, BMI, anesthetic risk, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and surgical technique (minimally invasive vs. open access). Median LOS was shorter for ERAS group (5 vs. 3 days; p = 0.02), while no significant differences were registered in the rates of postoperative complications (16.9% vs. 17.4%; p = 0.66). Response rates to SF-36 questionnaire were 89% and 92%, respectively, in SP and ERAS group. At multivariate analyzes, the mean scores of SF-36 questionnaire, registered at 28 days weeks after surgery (range 26–32 days), were significantly higher in ERAS group for PF (73.3 vs. 91.6; p < 0.00), RLP (median 58.3 vs. 81.2; p = 0.02), and SF (37.5 vs. 58.3; p = 0.01) domains, when compared to SP patients. Limitations: Further follow-up was not possible due to the anonymized data derived from clinical audit. Conclusions: ERAS significantly increases the HRQL of women who underwent surgery for endometrial cancer. HRQL assessment should be routinely implemented in the ERAS protocol.
Five-year Trajectory about Screening for Complication of Diabetes Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality : Focusing on Regional Difference
Authors: Han Jina , Kim Gawon , Ju Yeong Jun , Lee Soon Young
Published: March 2024

Backgrounds: The overall screening rate for complication of diabetes kidney disease is improving; however, regional variations are increasing. It is necessary to select regions vulnerable to change and understand their characteristics.
Methods: Group-based trajectory analysis was performed to derive change patterns in the complication of diabetes kidney disease screening rate in 244 regions using Community Health Survey data between 2015 and 2019. ANOVA test was conducted to examine the differences in regional characteristics and CVD in each change pattern.
Results: The change patterns in complication of diabetes kidney disease screening rate were classified into four groups: high and rapidly increasing (Group 1, 5.2%), steady high (Group 2, 8.2%), moderate and increasing (Group 3, 52.9%), and low and slightly increasing (Group 4, 23.8%). Group 4 had many rural areas and worse socioeconomic status, healthcare systems, health behaviors, and diabetes management, and these regions had higher CVD mortality rates.
Conclusions: Regions where the screening for complication of diabetes kidney disease rate did not improve compared to other regions were vulnerable not only in socioeconomic status, healthcare system, and health behavior, but also in disease management. This suggests the need for local and environmental support, as well as aggressive health service interventions in relatively vulnerable areas.
The Clinical Relevance of Fractional Curettage in the Diagnostic Management of Primary Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Dokara-Friedrich Maria Laura , Loeffler Marius , Shehaj Ina , Tahmasbi-Rad Morva , Gasimli Bahar , Karn Thomas , Sanhaji Mourad , Becker Sven , Gasimli Khayal
Published: March 2024

Objective: Hysteroscopy and fractional curettage are commonly utilized techniques for the diagnosis of postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding and histopathological verification of primary endometrial cancer (EC). This study delves into the clinical significance of procuring preoperative endocervical tissue in conjunction with corpus fractions through fractional curettage. Design: This retrospective study encompassed a cohort of 84 patients diagnosed with T1 stage EC and 55 patients diagnosed with T2 stage EC, who underwent primary treatment between the years 2011 and 2021 at the University Hospital Frankfurt or Jung-Stilling Hospital Siegen. Materials, Setting, Methods: Among the postoperative T2 stage EC patients, a stratification was performed based on preoperative endocervical curettage (ECC) results obtained through fractional curettage. Categorical and continuous variables were compared utilizing the Pearson χ2 test, while for multivariate analyses and regression modeling, the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models were respectively employed. Results: The median age of patients with pT2 stage EC was 64 years (range: 38–85). A predominant majority of these patients exhibited the endometrioid subtype of EC (90.9%). Upon conducting comparative analysis between groups, a notably higher frequency of laparotomies was observed (p = 0.002) among patients in whom preoperatively detected positive ECC was evident. The detection performance of fractional curettage in identifying positive ECC yielded a sensitivity of 70.9% and a specificity of 73.8%. In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis (p = 0.022), positive ECC observed during fractional curettage (p = 0.036), and the FIGO stage (p = 0.036) emerged as prognostic determinant for progression-free survival. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were age at diagnosis (p = 0.003), positive ECC (p = 0.008), histological grading (p = 0.016), and the FIGO stage (p = 0.022). A significant difference in OS was evident between patients characterized by preoperative negative ECC and those displaying positive ECC (81.8 vs. 59.5 months, p = 0.019). Limitations: Limitations include the retrospective design of the study as well as a small number of patients. Conclusions: Preoperative determination of endocervical involvement of primary T2 stage EC could be a prognostic indicator in decision-making to treat EC. The conduct of prospective trials is necessary to definitively establish the routine application and associated benefits of fractional curettage in the context of primary EC.
Microvascular Function and Exercise Training: Functional Implication of Nitric Oxide Signaling and Ion Channels
Authors: Hong Junyoung , Park Yoonjung
Published: March 2024

Background: Exercise training elicits indubitable positive adaptation in microcirculation in health and disease populations. An inclusive overview of the current knowledge regarding the effects of exercise on microvascular function consolidates an in-depth understanding of microvasculature. Summary: The main physiological function of microvasculature is to maintain optimal blood flow regulation to supply oxygen and nutrition during elevated physical demands in the cardiovascular system. There are several cellular and molecular alterations in resistance vessels in response to exercise intervention, an increase in nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and ion channels in endothelial cells, thus increasing myogenic tone via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in smooth muscle cells. Key Messages: In the review, we postulate that exercise should be considered a medicine for people with diverse diseases through a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular underlying mechanisms in microcirculation through exercise training.
Early Pneumatocele Identification Post-Robotic Assisted Bronchoscopy Cryobiopsy: A Case Series Experience
Authors: Balavenkataraman Arvind , Garza Salas Ana , Barrios Ruiz Alanna , Balasubramanian Prasanth , Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian , Abia Trujillo David
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The use of cryobiopsy in conjunction with robotic assisted bronchoscopy is on the rise due to the safety and increased diagnostic yield of cryobiopsy. The incorporation of 3D fluoroscopy in the procedure improves the workflow and helps confirm the accuracy of sampling of peripheral pulmonary nodules. Methods: We describe an observational series of 12 patients comprising 14 nodules where cryobiopsy was performed during shape-sensing robot-assisted bronchoscopy cryobiopsy under general anesthesia. 3D fluoroscopy was used to confirm accurate placement of the cryoprobe. All these patients underwent a second spin with the 3D fluoroscopy either to sample a second lesion intraoperatively or to investigate suspected pneumothorax. Results: The development of a pneumatocele was noted after cryobiopsy in each of the cases. The majority of these were in the upper lobe with the median size of a sampled nodule being 14 mm. The majority of patients were asymptomatic with 1 patient developing mild hemoptysis and 4 patients developing chest tightness or dyspnea. None of the patients required an intervention for the pneumatocele. Conclusion: The development of pneumatoceles appears to be a fairly frequent and benign occurrence following cryobiopsy, likely due to increased tissue destruction. The increased use of intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy is likely to highlight changes to the pulmonary parenchyma that were previously not known. The occurrence of pneumatoceles does not appear to adversely impact the safety or tolerability profile of cryobiopsy.
Oleothorax: An Ultrasound Sign of an Old Practice
Authors: Flores Krisstopher Richard , Piamonti Daniel , Vigliarolo Rossana , Impellizzeri Pietro , Serao Mattia , Lilli Marianna , Trequattrini Tiziana , Rivitti Rosario , Succu Angela Maria Pia , Gioffrè Giuseppina , Condoluci Carola , Maggi Barbara , Lamarra Samantha , Villani Annalisa , Marchetti Gian Pietro , Zappa Maria Cristina , Palange Paolo
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The high morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis has led to the development of numerous therapeutic interventions during the pre-antibiotic era. In 1894, Forlanini proposed the technique of collapse therapy, using spontaneous pneumothorax. In 1926, Bernou developed the oleothorax technique to induce an iatrogenic collapse of the lung through the instillation of oil into the pleural cavity, which was subsequently removed. Nowadays, there are few patients that still represent a living testimony of this historic technique and have been described through traditional radiology. Case Presentation: We report the case of a patient with evidence of a right oleothorax that was investigated not only with traditional radiology but also with the use of chest ultrasonography. Ultrasounds were able to show peculiar characteristics of the oleothorax, including its particular echogenicity, the rigidity and static nature of the collection, the presence of peripheral calcifications, and the negative impact of the collection on diaphragmatic mobility and excursion. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of an ultrasound description of oleothorax. We have observed that ultrasound examination, in cases of basal oleothorax, is able to add information regarding its radiological appearance and physiopathological implications on ventilatory mechanics and diaphragmatic distress.
Associations of Dietary Factors with Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case-Control Study in Greece with Literature Review
Authors: Katsimpris Andreas , Antoniadis Antonios G. , Dessypris Nick , Karampinos Konstantinos , Gogas Helen J. , Petridou Eleni T.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: It has been postulated that nutrition may influence the risk for cutaneous melanoma (CM); therefore, we aimed to assess the associations of food groups and individual nutrient intakes with CM in a Greek population. Methods: In this case-control study, 151 patients with histologically confirmed CM, newly diagnosed and treated in the Oncology Department of the “Laikon” University Hospital (Athens, Greece), and 151 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals residing in the Athens metropolitan area, recruited among participants for routine health examinations, were included. All participants completed a questionnaire comprising anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables. A validated, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess average consumption of 136 food items during the 12 months preceding the onset of disease. Multivariate conditional regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) regarding the association of nine food groups and seven macronutrients with CM. Results: Statistically significant positive associations with CM were found with higher energy intake (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.22–2.30) and intake of saturated fatty acids (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.00–5.28), after adjusting for sun sensitivity, major depression history, and alcohol intake. Inverse associations with higher intake of milk and dairy products (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48–0.88), fruits (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.90), added lipids (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.91), and sugars and syrups (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93) were also observed. Conclusions: Beyond intrinsic risk factors, our results support associations of CM with multiple food groups and nutrients; if confirmed by prospective studies, these findings can add further knowledge about this fatal cancer.
Focus on Upper Urinary Tract Stones Combined With Parenchymal Infiltrative Renal Pelvis Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ke Ying , Qiu Ai-Xin , Yang Bo , Shen Chen , Wen Li-Jie , Xu Xiao-Long , Yu Yang , Wang Wei
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Upper urinary tract stones combined with parenchymal infiltrative renal pelvic cancer is challenging to detect on imaging, and to evaluate the differential diagnosis.
Case Presentation: The symptoms and diagnoses in three cases of parenchymal infiltrative renal pelvic cancer and upper urinary tract stones that occurred between June 2019 and June 2022 were reviewed. Primary symptoms of lumbar discomfort and hemoturia were evident in all three patients. Preoperative Computed Tomography (CT) abdominal imaging revealed that all three cases had hydronephrosis along with renal stones, while the other two cases only had localized hypoenhancement of the renal parenchyma, which was only thought to be limited inflammatory changes in the renal cortex as a result of the combination of renal pelvis infection. After percutaneous nephrolithotomy or ureteroscopic lithotripsy, a combined renal pelvis tumor was discovered in all of these instances. Radical tumor surgery was later performed. One patient who had several tumor metastases passed away six months after surgery. A case with multiple metastases was discovered 15 months after surgery and survived with the help of the current chemotherapy. A case with a bladder tumor recurrence was discovered 16 months after surgery and had transurethral bladder tumor electrosurgery and routine bladder perfusion chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Upper urinary tract stones and parenchymal infiltrative pyel carcinoma have atypical imaging, easily confused with infectious diseases. CT or Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) must be considered by urologists. Patients who have a CT with local renal parenchyma density should be suspected of having parenchymal invasive renal pelvis carcinoma; a needle biopsy ought to be performed; repeat biopsies may be performed if necessary. High-risk individuals need multiple, sufficient biopsies as needed and a comprehensive intraoperative assessment of the renal pelvic mucosa.
Heterogeneity of Multiple Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Identified by 68Ga-DOTANOC and 68Ga-Exendin-4 PET/CT in a Patient with Endogenous Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1
Authors: Xu Junyan , Xu Xiaoping , Zhang Meng , Liu Wensheng , Chen Jie , Song Shaoli
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Insulinomas are the most frequent functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In about 10% of cases, insulinomas are associated with hereditary syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1). Case Presentation: Herein, we present a 44-year-old female with recurrent hypoglycemia. In December 1998, this patient underwent resection of two pancreatic lesions due to hypoglycemia and was diagnosed with insulinoma. After the operation, the symptoms of hypoglycemia disappeared. However, from 2021, hypoglycemic symptoms reappeared frequently, as did coma. In June 2023, enhanced CT showed multiple pancreatic lesions abundant with blood supply. Fasting serum blood glucose and insulin were 1.73 mmol/L and 15.2 U/L (2.6–11.8 U/L). Germline genes suggested MEN1 pathogenic mutations. 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT indicated there were multiple lesions located in the pancreas and duodenum with high expression of the somatostatin receptor (SSTR). 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT was added to localize the insulinoma. Most lesions with high expression of SSTR in the body and tail of the pancreas manifested parts of them with high uptake of 68Ga-exendin-4, and an additional lesion with high expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) was only detected by 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT. It showed inter-tumor heterogeneity in the expression of SSTR and GLP-1R. From the distal pancreatectomy, a total of 5 tumors were found in the body and tail of the pancreas, which were diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). After the operation, all the symptoms related to hypoglycemia disappeared. Immunohistochemical results of SSTR2 and insulin were consistent with the imaging findings of dual-tracer PET/CT. Conclusion: From this case, a combination of 68Ga-DOTANOC and 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT was recommended in the patients with MEN1 and insulinoma to estimate the heterogeneity of multiple neuroendocrine tumors that contribute to detect all the NET lesions and locate the tumors with secretion of insulin.
Can Endometrial Cytology Identify Patients Who Would Benefit from Immunotherapy?
Authors: Yanazume Shintaro , Kirita Yukari , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kitazono Ikumi , Akahane Toshiaki , Mizuno Mika , Togami Shinichi , Tanimoto Akihide , Kobayashi Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Patients with polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutation (POLEmut) subtype, MMR-deficient (MMR-d) subtype as classified by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and a high tumor mutation burden (TMB-high) potentially benefit from immunotherapy. However, characteristics of the cytological morphology within these populations remain unknown. Methods: DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was subjected to next-generation sequencing analysis. Genomic mutations related to gynecological cancers, TMB, and microsatellite instability were analyzed and were placed in four TCGA classification types. The following morphological cytological investigations were conducted on endometrial cancer using a liquid-based preparation method, prior to the commencement of initial treatment: (i) cytological backgrounds; (ii) differences between each count of neutrophils and lymphocytes as described below. Results: Insignificant differences in the cytological background patterns of TCGA groups and TMB status were found. Although there was no significant difference in neutrophil count (p = 0.955) in the TCGA groups, POLEmut and MMR-d had significantly higher lymphocyte counts than no specific molecular profile (NSMP) (p = 0.019 and 0.037, respectively); furthermore, p53mut also tended to be significant (p = 0.064). Lymphocyte counts in TMB-high were also significantly greater than TMB-low (p = 0.002). POLEmut showed a positive correlation between TMB levels and lymphocyte counts. For predicting patients with POLEmut plus MMR-d, lymphocyte counts demonstrated a superior diagnostic accuracy of area under the curve (AUC) (0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84), with a cutoff value of 26 high-power field. Conclusion: Lymphocyte count using liquid-based cytology for patients with endometrial cancer may predict POLEmut plus MMR-d of TCGA groups and TMB-high in those who can benefit from immunotherapy.
Maternal genetic and non-genetic effects on the development of exploration and anxiety-like behaviours in a native Australian rodent, the fawn-footed mosaic-tailed rat Melomys cervinipes
Authors: Rowell Misha K. , Rymer Tasmin L.
Published: March 2024

Personality in non-human animals has been a popular area of research; however, it is still unknown how genetic and non-genetic factors influence the development of personality in many species. Therefore, we investigated how maternal genetic and non-genetic effects influenced adult offspring personality (exploration and anxiety) in the fawn-footed mosaic-tailed rat Melomys cervinipes. We first measured the amount of maternal care mothers provided to their offspring. Later, we assessed mothers and adult offspring over two testing sessions for exploratory behaviour using open field and novel object tests, and anxiety behaviour in a light/dark test. We calculated repeatability of behaviours and used parent–offspring regressions to assess heritability of behaviours. No measure of maternal care significantly influenced offspring personality. However, exploration of new spaces was constrained by maternal genetic effects. In contrast, anxiety and exploration of novel objects was more flexible, suggesting these behaviours may be more influenced by an individual’s experiences during development.
Description of two new species of the genus Repetekiodes Amsel, 1961 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) from Central Asia with faunal notes on the genus
Authors: TSVETKOV EUGENE , TROFIMOVA TATYANA
Published: March 2024

Two new species, Repetekiodes serratalis sp. nov. and Repetekiodes turanella sp. nov. are described from Central Asia. The described species are well distinguished from their congeners by the genitalia and forewing pattern. A brief overview of the genus Repetekiodes Amsel, 1961 is given and original data on the distribution of Repetekiodes species are provided. DNA barcode data are presented for several species of the genus.
Appropriateness of Use of Streptococcal Pharyngitis Testing and Associated Antibiotic Prescribing in the Urgent Care Setting
Authors: Haynes Michael A. , Temkit M’hamed , Kushner Igor , Hindman Diane E.
Published: March 2024

The primary objective was to evaluate Group A streptococcal (GAS) tests performed with a Modified Centor Criteria (MCC) Score < 3 at Urgent Care Clinics (UCC). Secondary objectives included evaluating the MCC sensitivity and specificity, antibiotics prescribed with an MCC score < 3, and association between palatal petechiae and GAS pharyngitis infections. This was a retrospective review from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019, of Rapid Antigen Detection Tests (RADTs) on patients with ICD codes associated with pharyngitis. Fifteen hundred patient charts were reviewed. The majority of MCC scores were < 3 at 60.0% (878/1464). Sensitivity of GAS testing (RADT/culture) slightly increased for MCC scores ≥ 3 and was better than the specificity of those scores. In comparison, MCC scores < 3, showed better specificity compared to sensitivity. Over 50% of RADTs performed were inappropriate per clinical guidelines. MCC score < 3 had higher rates of negative test results.
Minimizing Responsibility: The Impact of Moral Disengagement on Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adults
Authors: Fissel Erica R. , Bryson Sara L. , Lee Jin R.
Published: March 2024

Research has demonstrated a relationship between moral disengagement and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents, indicating youth with higher levels of moral disengagement are more likely to engage in cyberbullying. Less is known, however, regarding the impact of moral disengagement, particularly the influence of the four dimensions, on adults’ involvement in cyberbullying perpetration. Using a sample of adults ( n = 652; aged 18–50 years) in the United States, this study examined the relationship between the four dimensions of moral disengagement and cyberbullying perpetration. Findings revealed that approximately 12% had ever engaged in cyberbullying perpetration. Further, logistic regression results revealed that moral disengagement was a significant predictor of cyberbullying perpetration among adults, with the dimension of minimizing responsibility driving the significant relationship.
Celebrating Australian native foods through hospital foodservices: Engaging patients, staff and the broader community
Authors: Utter Jennifer , McRae Rebecca , Mole Frances , Brennan Kaitlin , McCray Sally
Published: March 2024

Objective:

The modern Australian diet is largely characterised by too few fruits and vegetables and too many discretionary foods. This is very different to how Indigenous Australians ate prior to colonisation. Native plants and seeds like bush tomatoes, warrigal greens, Kakadu plum and wattleseed are not common features of the contemporary Australian diet. We developed an initiative to incorporate native plants and seeds into a hospital inpatient menu to normalise their use and provide nutrition education to patients, staff and the community of the nutrition and sustainability benefits of native ingredients.

Design:

Between May and August 2022, the Chef’s Special menu (for privately funded patients) featured Australian native ingredients in all dishes. The nutritional benefits of native foods were communicated to patients through a printed brochure delivered with the menu, to foodservices staff through in-service training, and to the broader community through social media.

Setting:

Urban hospital in Brisbane, Australia.

Method:

Data were collected on acceptability, engagement and reach of the education initiative.

Results:

The initiative was successfully delivered, with more than 8,000 patient brochures distributed, 45 staff attending training, and social media reaching approximately 10,000 people. The most frequently ordered main meal on the menu was grilled snapper (fish) with macadamia Asian herb salad and finger lime.

Conclusion:

The work highlighted how the patient menu in hospital can serve as a useful tool to communicate nutrition education to patients, staff and the broader community. In addition, we reflect on the many opportunities to continue to celebrate the nutritional benefits of Australian native foods in healthcare settings.
Educating vulnerable communities about diabetes: Can a fotonovela work?
Authors: Davis Burt , Jansen Carel
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

This study evaluated the effects of reading different versions of a fotonovela about diabetes in resource-poor settings in South Africa.

Design:

An experimental study was conducted with 411 participants, comparing a fotonovela with a younger protagonist, a similar fotonovela version with an older protagonist and a no message control condition. Differences between the two fotonovela versions were analysed for two age groups of readers (25–49 years, and 50 years and older).

Setting:

Community centres in vulnerable communities in the South African provinces of the Western Cape, the Northern Cape and Gauteng.

Method:

In the experimental conditions, participants completed a questionnaire after reading one of the fotonovela versions. Participants in the control condition answered similar questions without having read a fotonovela.

Results:

Both fotonovela versions resulted in more diabetes knowledge than the control condition. Limited positive effects were found for attitudes and behavioural intentions. In the younger participant group, age similarity between the protagonist and readers resulted in knowledge gain, while in the older participant group, no such effect was found. In both age groups, no age similarity effects were found for attitudes or behavioural intentions.

Conclusion:

This study confirms that fotonovelas can be an effective means of health communication. Furthermore, for a narrative on a health topic for which age is relevant, it can be beneficial to choose a young protagonist. For readers from the same age group, the impact of the story on knowledge acquisition may then be greatest, while for older readers, the age of the protagonist does not seem to influence the knowledge effects of the story.
Distinguishing Subtypes of Self-Efficacy Among Secondary School Teachers: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhang Youliang , Zhu Alex Yue Feng , Gong Yang (Frank) , Kong Ho Man Raymond
Published: March 2024

Teacher self-efficacy is a crucial factor in teaching and learning, yet there is limited understanding of its heterogeneity among the Asian population. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (a) identify different self-efficacy patterns among 3,095 Singaporean lower secondary school teachers, (b) investigate potential variations in job satisfaction, constructivist beliefs, and teacher co-operation across different self-efficacy profiles, and (c) examine the predictions of teacher background characteristics in relation to profile membership. By employing latent profile analysis, four distinct self-efficacy profiles were identified: (a) Low Self-Efficacy, (b) Moderate Self-Efficacy, (c) High Self-Efficacy, and (d) Divergent Moderate Self-Efficacy. The results also revealed significant differences in job satisfaction, constructivist beliefs, and teacher co-operation among the self-efficacy profiles. Moreover, teaching experience emerged as a significant predictor of profile membership. These highlight the need for tailored professional development programs and interventions that consider teachers’ self-efficacy profiles, teacher outcomes, and teaching experience.
Conformed and conforming: Hybridization, discernment, and the gospel/culture interface
Authors: Kallmier Michelle
Published: March 2024

This article considers the interface of gospel and culture through the lenses of hybridity theory and (in particular) hybridization theory. These lenses bring important nuance to how we conceive of humans in their cultural worlds, and bring a helpful understanding of what is at stake (and what is often left out) in discussions about gospel and culture: namely the cultural hybridity of all Christians and the crucial question of how discernment on cultural matters actually takes place. Arguing that discernment is best treated as a process rather than a one-point-in-time decision, and that praxis is an integral part of discernment processes, I give five key questions to reflect on as Christians—individually and corporately—seek to faithfully express our allegiance to Jesus in our complex and changing cultural worlds.
Solar-assisted old dwellings renovation: Thermal-economical study and typical application in China
Authors: Zhang Yin , Han Wenyang , Zhang Menglong , Li Jin
Published: March 2024

With the continuous development of urbanization in our country, the contradiction between the protection of traditional village heritage architecture and the development of modern urban lifestyle is becoming increasingly prominent. With the introduction of China's rural revitalization strategy, improving the rural living environment, promoting sustainable development, utilizing renewable energy for power supply, and achieving low-carbon architecture have become particularly important. This article investigates the relationship between solar energy system and site layout in illustrative historic buildings, and uses thermal-economic methods for feasibility analysis of such old building retrofitting program toward nearly zero energy construction. The preliminary results indicate that integrating solar panel roof with old building body for renewable energy exploitation can achieve good economic benefits while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This work provides reference insights into the sustainable transformation of traditional rural heritage conservation buildings in our country and proposes feasible solutions to reconcile the contradiction between the preservation of traditional architectural heritage and sustainable modernization demands.
A Rare Lipoma of Tongue in a 4-Year-Old Child: A Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Yang Yong , Zuo Hailiang , Ding Meiyun , Ma Fujiang , Zhao Linsheng , Zhang Jiancheng
Published: March 2024

Lipoma of the tongue is a rare benign tumor that accounts for approximately 1% to 5% of all oral cavity tumors while 0.3% of tumors are of the tongue. Notably, it is rarer in children. In this article, we report the case of a 4-year-old girl with lipomas of the tongue. The lipomas were found at age 1 year by her parents, located on the tip, ventro, and dorsum of the tongue, and presenting with a trend to increase gradually. At the time of presentation to the hospital at age 4 years, the articulatory function of the patient was partially affected, and surgical excision was performed. The surgery was uneventful, and no evidence of recurrence was noted at 3 month follow-up.
Linking Methods for Multidimensional Forced Choice Tests Using the Multi-Unidimensional Pairwise Preference Model
Authors: Tu Naidan , Kumar Lavanya S. , Joo Sean , Stark Stephen
Published: March 2024

Applications of multidimensional forced choice (MFC) testing have increased considerably over the last 20 years. Yet there has been little, if any, research on methods for linking the parameter estimates from different samples. This research addressed that important need by extending four widely used methods for unidimensional linking and comparing the efficacy of new estimation algorithms for MFC linking coefficients based on the Multi-Unidimensional Pairwise Preference model (MUPP). More specifically, we compared the efficacy of multidimensional test characteristic curve (TCC), item characteristic curve (ICC; Haebara, 1980), mean/mean (M/M), and mean/sigma (M/S) methods in a Monte Carlo study that also manipulated test length, test dimensionality, sample size, percentage of anchor items, and linking scenarios. Results indicated that the ICC method outperformed the M/M method, which was better than the M/S method, with the TCC method being the least effective. However, as the number of items “per dimension” and the percentage of anchor items increased, the differences between the ICC, M/M, and M/S methods decreased. Study implications and practical recommendations for MUPP linking, as well as limitations, are discussed.
‘Patience, persistence and proportionality’: Probation officer's perspectives of desistance in practice
Authors: Beck Peter , McGinnis Emma
Published: March 2024

Desistance from crime is a priority for criminal justice policy and practice yet the term carries varying definitions across research literature. Contemporary discourses promote a refocusing from desistance's representation as an individual's personal journey, to understanding desistance more akin to a social movement. Research has predominantly focused on the lived experience of those striving to achieve desistance, with practitioner perspectives remaining under researched. This study, conducted post COVID-19, aimed to explore and evaluate how probation officers operationalise desistance in practice. Outcomes evidence that whilst practitioners acknowledge the diverse conceptualisations of desistance, it remains a priority in practice, even where the focus is predominantly risk management. Key practice features emerging as essential to promoting desistance include identifying and cultivating a motivation to change, approaches to forming the supervisory relationship and how practitioner's respond when risks increase. A supporting organisational ethos is critical but challenged in the complex post COVID-19 context.
Investigation of the attitudes of undergraduate students of special education department and other education faculty students towards Braille writing
Authors: Karataş Ramazan , Haylı Çiğdem Müge , Demir Kösem Dilek , Doğuş Mustafa
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to investigation of the attitudes of undergraduate students of special education department and other education faculty students towards Braille writing. This research is descriptive. Sociodemographic data were collected online from 311 special education and other education faculty undergraduate students who voluntarily participated in the study and whose consent was obtained, using a sociodemographic data collection form and the Attitude Scale Towards Braille Writing (ASTBW). In statistical analyses, t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient were calculated using SPSS 25.0 data analysis software. It was determined that 71.1% of the participants were female and 24.1% were male. About 52.4% of them were students of special education teaching department. According to the mean scores obtained, the participants’ beliefs were at a medium level, their interest and desire were at a high level, and their desire to learn was at a very high level. It was found that there were significant differences between the sociodemographic descriptive information of the students in the undergraduate department of special education and other education faculties and their attitudes towards Braille. It was stated that the attitudes of the students in the undergraduate of special education department and other education faculties towards Braille writing varied. It is thought that it will be a guide to conduct research in the related field to include other departments in the faculty of education.
Effect of CNTs on microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of the AZ91–3B4C–3SiC–xCNTs composites
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad , Malekan Mehdi , Emamy Massoud
Published: March 2024

This article presents a study on the effect of adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt-%) and hot extrusion on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear behaviour of AZ91–3B4C–3SiC hybrid composites. The matrix alloy is AZ91 Mg alloy which primarily consists of 9 wt-% Al and 1 wt-% Zn. A mechanical-induction stir casting process was used to add CNTs to the composite. XRD patterns and EDX analysis showed that all composites have a microstructure of α-Mg, Mg17Al12, SiC and B4C. The outcomes demonstrated that the Mg17Al12 networks can be significantly thinned by the additional CNTs. The hot extrusion also dispersed the B4C and SiC particles in the structure, improving the particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) plus twinning mechanism, but the presence of micron particles caused stress concentration, which did not affect the composites’ strength and elongation. The wear behaviour of the as-cast and extruded composites was studied by applying 5, 10 and 20 N forces at room temperature. The results showed that the mass loss and the coefficient of friction values are decreased with the addition of CNTs, which is attributed to the increased microhardness and self-lubricating properties of the CNTs.
Precision finishing of nickel-phosphorus plated carbon fibre reinforced polymer
Authors: Kumar Mayank , Sidpara Ajay
Published: March 2024

Carbon fibre reinforced polymer is a lightweight material having superior mechanical properties and thermal stability and a promising material for light-weight mirrors for space applications. In this work, the surface of carbon fibre reinforced polymer is electroless nickel-phosphorus plated. The morphologies of the substrate and as-plated surfaces are compared. The surface roughness of the plated surface showed a significant reduction after the plating process. The elemental composition and phase of the as-plated sample are studied. The plated carbon fibre reinforced polymer surface is polished using an elastic tool with a diamond abrasive pad having grit sizes of 45 and 9 μm. The topography and the morphology of the finished surface are analysed for understanding the material removal process. A minimum Ra of 48 nm is obtained on the plated surface after 28 min of polishing. At a finishing rate of 18.17 nm/min, a 91.4% drop in Ra is achieved in comparison to a plated surface.