bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Warm-Up, Reading Skill, and Reading Prosody When Reading the My Grandfather Passage: An Exploratory Study Born Out of the Motor Planning Theory of Prosody and Reading Prosody Research
Authors: Boutsen Frank , Park Eunsun , Dvorak Justin D.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The Motor Planning Theory of Prosody and reading prosody research indicate that “out of the blue” oral reading, as practiced in clinical and research settings, invokes surface rather than covert prosody, particularly when readers are recorded, less skilled, and/or speech impaired. Warm-up is not considered in passage reading for motor-speech assessment. We report on a preliminary study aimed to investigate the effect of warm-up on reading prosody in two conditions: silent reading alone and reading “out of the blue” followed by silent reading. A secondary aim of the study was to examine the effect of reading skill on reading prosody.

Method:

Twenty-one monolingual, English-speaking volunteers were recorded reading the My Grandfather Passage (GP) while their eye movements were tracked. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two reading conditions: (a) silent–oral (SO) and (b) oral–silent–oral (OSO). In the SO condition, participants read the GP silently as a warm-up for the subsequent oral reading. In the OSO condition, participants first read the GP aloud (“out of the blue”) and then read the same passage silently with the instruction to do this in preparation for a second oral reading. Reading skill was quantified using eye–voice span and Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition testing. Reading prosody was evaluated using pause indexes, the Acoustic Multidimensional Prosody Index, and speech rate.

Conclusions:

One oral reading before a silent reading but not a silent reading alone before oral reading was shown to affect reading prosody. In terms of reading skill, results indicate that predictive associations patterned differently in the reading conditions explored, suggesting different underlying skill sets.
Multicasting in NOMA‐based UAV networks: Path design and throughput maximisation
Authors: Salar Hosseini Shima , Javan Mohammad Reza , Nazari Ali
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a new resource allocation framework for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted multicast wireless networks is proposed in which the network users according to their request are divided into several multicast groups. Power domain non‐orthogonal multiple access is adopted as the transmission technology using which the dedicated signals of multicast groups are superimposed and transmitted simultaneously as the UAV passes over the communication area for fixed and mobile users. The proposed scenarios are discussed from two perspectives, offline and online modes. In offline mode, the problem is implemented for fixed and mobile users whose locations are predictable (the location of users, over the communication time, is known at the beginning of the communication time) and in online mode for mobile users whose locations are unpredictable (the location of users, over the communication time, is unknown at the beginning of the communication time). Also, a scenario is proposed in which the online mode the number of mobile users can grow in each time slot. The problem of joint power allocation and UAV trajectory design as an optimisation problem that is non‐linear and non‐convex for two proposed scenarios is formulated. To solve the problem, an alternate search method, successive convex approximation, and geometric programming are adopted. Using simulation results, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated for different values of the network parameters.
Analytical modelling for magnetic field of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors accounting for bridge saturation
Authors: Wang Huimin , Sun Zihan , Zhong Saichao , Yan Yan , Wu Shuang , Guo Liyan
Published: May 2022

Most of the motors used in industrial fields are interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The rotor structure of IPMSM is complex, and the rotor bridge region is affected by non‐linear saturation, which increases the difficulty of modelling and calculation. The accuracy of traditional methods for the magnetic field prediction needs to be improved. An analytical model for IPMSM that accounts for the bridge saturation and the complex rotor structure is presented. This method transformed the structure of IPMSM equivalently, which makes it easier to use modelling in the polar coordinate system. Meanwhile, the bridge subdomain and the bridge saturation overflow subdomain are established separately based on the different saturation levels, and the relative permeability value of each subdomain is solved by the iterative permeability method. The magnetic field and electromagnetic performance obtained using the analytical method are compared with those of the finite element method. Finally, the analytical predictions are compared with the measured data to confirm the validity of the methods proposed.
Westerlund 1 under the light of Gaia EDR3: Distance, isolation, extent, and a hidden population
Authors: Negueruela I. , Alfaro E. J. , Dorda R. , Marco A. , Maíz Apellániz J. , González-Fernández C.
Published: May 2022

Context. The young massive cluster Westerlund 1 offers the promise of a grand laboratory for the study of high-mass star evolution, but its basic parameters are still poorly known.

Aims. In this paper, we aim at a better characterisation of the cluster by determining some basic kinematic properties and analysing the area surrounding the cluster and the population in its foreground.

Methods. We have used Gaia early data release 3 (EDR3) data, together with spectra of a large sample of luminous stars in the field surrounding Westerlund 1, to explore the extent of the cluster. We carried out a non-parametric analysis of proper motions and membership determination. We investigated the reddening and proper motions of several dozen OB stars and red supergiants less than one degree away from Westerlund 1.

Results. We identify a population of kinematic members of Westerlund 1 that largely includes the known spectroscopic members. From their EDR3 parallaxes, we derive a distance to the cluster of $ 4.23^{+0.23}_{-0.21} $ kpc. We analyse the extinction in this direction, finding that it increases by a large amount around 2.8 kpc, which in all likelihood is due to dark clouds associated with the Scutum-Crux arm. As a consequence, we hardly see any stars at distances comparable (or higher) than that of the cluster. The proper motions of Westerlund 1, however, are very similar to those of stars in the field surrounding it which are – almost without exception – less distant, but distinct. We find a second, astrometrically well-defined population in the foreground (d ≈ 2 kpc), centred ∼8′ away, which is likely connected to the possible open cluster BH 197. Westerlund 1 is very elongated, an effect that seems real and not driven by the very heavy extinction to the east and south. We find a low-density halo extending to distances up to 10′ from the cluster centre, mainly in the north-west quadrant. A few OB stars at larger distances from the cluster, most notably the luminous blue variable (LBV) MN48, share its proper motions, suggesting that Westerlund 1 has little or no peculiar motion with respect to the field population of the Norma arm. Despite this, we are unable to find any red supergiant that could belong to an extended population related to the cluster, although we observe several dozen such objects in the foreground, demonstrating the richness of the field population along this sightline. We find a substantial population of luminous OB members obscured by several more magnitudes of extinction than most known members. These objects, mostly located in the central region of the cluster, increase the population of OB supergiants by about 25%.
Discovery of an asteroid family linked to (22) Kalliope and its moon Linus
Authors: Brož M. , Ferrais M. , Vernazza P. , Ševeček P. , Jutzi M.
Published: May 2022

Aims. According to adaptive-optics observations, (22) Kalliope is a 150-km-wide, dense, and differentiated body. Here, we interpret (22) Kalliope in the context of the bodies in its surroundings. While there is a known moon, Linus, with a 5:1 size ratio, no family has been reported in the literature, which is in contradiction with the existence of the moon.

Methods. Using the hierarchical clustering method along with physical data, we identified the Kalliope family. It had previously been associated with (7481) San Marcello. We then used various models (N-body, Monte Carlo, and SPH) of its orbital and collisional evolution, including the breakup of the parent body, to estimate the dynamical age of the family and address its link to Linus.

Results. The best-fit age is (900 ± 100) Myr according to our collisional model; this is in agreement with the position of (22) Kalliope, which was modified by chaotic diffusion due to 4–1–1 three-body resonance with Jupiter and Saturn. It seems possible that Linus and the Kalliope family were created at the same time, although our SPH simulations show a variety of outcomes for both satellite size and the family size-frequency distribution. The shape of (22) Kalliope itself was most likely affected by the gravitational re-accumulation of ‘streams’, which creates the characteristic hills observed on its surface. If the body was differentiated, its internal structure is most likely asymmetric.
Dynamical essence of the eccentric von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai effect in restricted hierarchical planetary systems
Authors: Lei Hanlun , Gong Yan-Xiang
Published: May 2022

Aims. The eccentric von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) effect is widely used to explain dynamical phenomena in a variety of astrophysical systems. The purpose of this work is to clarify the dynamical essence of the eccentric ZLK effect by constructing an inherent connection between this effect and the dynamics of secular resonance in restricted hierarchical planetary systems.

Methods. Dynamical structures of apsidal resonance were studied analytically by means of perturbative treatments. The resonant model was formulated by averaging the Hamiltonian (up to octupole order) over rotating ZLK cycles, producing an additional motion integral. The phase portraits under the resonant model can be used to analyse dynamical structures, including resonant centres, dynamical separatrices, and islands of libration.

Results. By analysing phase portraits, five branches of libration centres and eight libration zones are found in eccentricity-inclination space. The analytical results of the libration zone and the numerical distributions of the resonant orbit agree very well, indicating that the resonant model for apsidal resonances is valid and applicable. Additionally, we found that in the test-particle limit, the distributions of flipping orbits are dominated by the apsidal resonances that are centred at an inclination of i = 90°.

Conclusions. The eccentric ZLK effect is dynamically equivalent to the effect of apsidal resonance in restricted hierarchical planetary systems. The dynamical response of the eccentric ZLK effect (or of the effect of apsidal resonance) is to significantly excite the eccentricities and/or inclinations of test particles in the very long-term evolution.
Effect of coalesce doping of Li and Bi on structural, optical and dielectric properties of TCO anatase TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Dakhel Aqeel A.
Published: May 2022

Anatase (TiO2) ceramic nanoparticle (NPs) powder doped with Bi/Li ions was synthesized by a facial precipitation method. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the NP powders were studied by X‐ray diffraction, diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and the AC dielectric measurements. It was concluded that it is possible to construct a core/shell structure in TiO2 ceramic by doping with Bi ions. Thus, the dielectric measurements show the creation of colossal permittivity (CP) of magnitude ε' ∼103 in the frequency range: 1  ≤   f  ≤ 100 kHz. The CP results were explained within the framework of the core/shell model and doping mechanisms. It was found the present CP phenomenon can be switched off by Li co-doping, which was explained within the framework of doping mechanisms.
Structural, dielectric and optical properties of Ta2O5-Bi2O3-P2O5phosphate glasses
Authors: Laourayed Mohamed , Alaoui Yasmina , Er-rafai Asmae , El Mouzahim Mouad , El Moudane Mouloud , Abid Mohammed , Beraich Mestapha , Guenbour Abdellah , Bellaouchou Abdelkbir
Published: May 2022

Glasses with the formula 5Ta2O5-xBi2O3-(95-x)P2O5for 10 ≤x≤ 20 mol% were prepared using the standard melt-quench method and identified using X-ray diffraction, Differential Scattering Calorimetry, and Infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the dielectric and optical characteristics were determined. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increases linearly with bismuth oxide content, from 524 °C forx= 10 mol% to 582 °C forx= 20 mol%. When the amount of Bi2O3in the system increases, the density rises and the molar volume (VM) decreases. The Infrared spectroscopy shows the presence of BiO6and PO3structural groups and reveals the depolymerization of the phosphate links by the creation of the Bi–O–P groups. Replacing P2O5by Bi2O3shows that the dielectric constantɛr' and dielectric losses tanδvary with the concentration of added Bi2O3. Optical characteristics of the investigated glasses were determined using UV–vis spectroscopy and the energy band gap has been estimated.
Determining effective environmental factors and ecology of non-marineOstracoda(Crustacea) in Giresun, Turkey
Authors: Çapraz Çağatay , Külköylüoğlu Okan , Akdemir Derya , Yavuzatmaca Mehmet
Published: May 2022

To determine influential environmental factors on ostracod species, 105 aquatic sampling sites were sampled from the Giresun province. Sixteen species collected from 69 sites are new records for the study area. Seven of 16 species were found in their expected geographical distribution while two species (Ilyocypris bradyi, Psychrodromus olivaceus) showed different distribution (P< 0.05). Of which,P. olivaceusdisplayed a limited distribution in the northern region of the study area. Geographical distribution of some species and their co-occurrences varied among habitats. The mean values of three variables (water temperature, electrical conductivity, and elevation) were significantly different in northern region than the values of the sampling sites in the southern region (P< 0.01). Canonical Correspondence Analysis explained 72.5% of the significant relationship (P< 0.05) between species and four most effective environmental variables (water temperature, electrical conductivity, elevation, and magnesium).Heterocypris salinaandPotamocypris fallaxexhibited maximum and minimum tolerance (and optimum) values for electrical conductivity, respectively. Heavy metal presence on the carapace surfaces was investigated using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) along with SEM photographing. The observation of metals such as copper, aluminum, silver and even radioactive element such as technetium on the carapace surfaces suggests that the organisms studied actually carry much more information about their aquatic environment than it was thought. Overall, our results support the findings of previous studies that water temperature and electrical conductivity were the two most effective factors on ostracod species and can be responsible for their distribution and occurrences in sampling area.
Memotain® et pluridisciplinarité (traitements pluridisciplinaires)
Authors: Medio Marie , Pourrat Frank
Published: May 2022

Le Memotain® est une nouvelle contention conceptualisée et fabriquée par ordinateur, elle est particulièrement adaptée dans les traitements pluridisciplinaires. Des exemples de différentes situations cliniques complexes permettront de mieux appréhender cette nouvelle technologie.
La classe molaire est-elle correlée à la posture corporelle : Étude sur 311 sujets
Authors: Chenal Lucie , Jeannin Christophe , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: May 2022

Alors que la relation entre la posture corporelle et les malocclusions est mal connue, les orthodontistes sont parfois pris à partie sur les prétendues conséquences des traitements orthodontiques sur la posture générale. L’objectif principal de cette étude transversale est de déterminer si la posture corporelle dans le sens antéropostérieur est corrélée au type d’engrènement molaire.

Matériel et méthode : Dans une étude d’observation, la posture corporelle de 311 patients a été évaluée. Les sujets ont été groupés en fonction de leur classe molaire, du surplomb et du recouvrement incisif. Leur statique posturale a été évaluée au moyen d’une plateforme de stabilométrie. Les différents groupes ont été statistiquement comparés au seuil de 5%.

Résultats : Plus la mésiocclusion molaire maxillaire augmente, plus la posture corporelle est antéfléchie (p = 0.03). En revanche, la posture corporelle n’est pas corrélée au surplomb, au recouvrement et aux occlusions asymétriques. Le contrôle postural s’améliore avec l’âge (r = − 0,39).

Discussion : Une corrélation entre la posture et l’occlusion existerait dans le sens sagittal. Les problèmes posturaux ne seraient ainsi pas systématiquement imputables au traitement orthodontique mais associés à la malocclusion initiale. Une étude future serait nécessaire afin d’évaluer l’influence du traitement orthodontique sur la posture.
Interactions entre remodelage osseux et traitement anti-dépresseur inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine : vers une accélération chimique du mouvement orthodontique ?
Authors: Dhenain Thomas , Dhenain Sherry-Lynn Boublil , Dhenain Hugo
Published: May 2022

Introduction : certains adultes traités par traitement anti-dépresseur ISRS (Inhibiteur Sélectif de la Recapture de la Sérotonine) ont par ailleurs recours à l’orthodontie. L’objectif de cette revue est de faire le point sur l’accélération du déplacement dentaire sous l’action de la sérotonine périphérique extrinsèque.

Matériel et méthode : une revue de la littérature a été réalisée afin d’étudier les interactions entre la prise d’ISRS et la régulation du remodelage osseux.

Résultats : la sérotonine périphérique agit sur l’os alvéolaire en diminuant sa densité ce qui favorise la vitesse de déplacement dentaire. Elle exerce un effet inflammatoire qui augmente le turn-over osseux et possède aussi un effet anti-inflammatoire qui protège du risque de résorption radiculaire.

Discussion : l’absence totale d’études chez l’homme ne permet pas actuellement leur utilisation pour accélérer le déplacement dentaire.

Conclusion : bien que des investigations complémentaires soient nécessaires, cette étude montre qu’un apport extrinsèque en sérotonine pourrait catalyser le mouvement dentaire sans entraîner de résorption radiculaire.
Can a Short-term Daily Oral Administration of Propolis Improve Muscle
Fatigue and Recovery?
Authors: Tsuchiya Yuma , Hirata Naoya , Asama Takashi , Osakabe Naomi , Hirata Kosuke , Akagi Ryota
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the effect of 1-week oral administration of propolis on
muscle fatigue and recovery after performing a fatigue task (total 100 maximal
voluntary concentric knee extension repetitions). In this placebo-controlled,
double-blind study, 18 young men consumed a formulation with high Brazilian
green propolis dose (H-BGP), a formulation with low Brazilian green propolis
dose, or a placebo, for 1 week before performing the fatigue task (an interval
between each intervention: 1–2 weeks). Maximal voluntary contraction
torque, central fatigue (voluntary activation and root mean square values of the
surface electromyography amplitude), and peripheral fatigue (potentiated triplet
torque) were assessed before, immediately after, and 2 minutes after the
fatigue task. Maximal voluntary contraction torque decreased immediately after
the fatigue task in all conditions (P<0.001); however, it recovered from
immediately after to 2 minutes after the fatigue task only in the H-BGP
condition (P<0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in
voluntary activation (P<0.001) and root mean square values of the
surface electromyography amplitude (P≤0.035) only in the placebo
condition. No significant difference was observed in the time-course change in
potentiated triplet torque between the conditions. These results suggest that
oral administration of propolis promotes muscle fatigue recovery by reducing
central fatigue.
Nonequilibrium thermodynamic process with hysteresis and metastable states—A contact Hamiltonian with unstable and stable segments of a Legendre submanifold
Authors: Goto Shin-itiro
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a dynamical process in a statistical thermodynamic system of spins exhibiting a phase transition is described on a contact manifold, where such a dynamical process is a process that a metastable equilibrium state evolves into the most stable symmetry broken equilibrium state. Metastable and the most stable equilibrium states in the symmetry broken phase or ordered phase are assumed to be described as pruned projections of Legendre submanifolds of contact manifolds, where these pruned projections of the submanifolds express hysteresis and pseudo-free energy curves. Singularities associated with phase transitions are naturally arose in this framework as has been suggested by Legendre singularity theory. Then, a particular contact Hamiltonian vector field is proposed so that a pruned segment of the projected Legendre submanifold is a stable fixed point set in a region of a contact manifold and that another pruned segment is a unstable fixed point set. This contact Hamiltonian vector field is identified with a dynamical process departing from a metastable equilibrium state to the most stable equilibrium one. To show the statements above explicitly, an Ising type spin model with long-range interactions, called the Husimi–Temperley model, is focused, where this model exhibits a phase transition.
Modeling and assessment of a novel solar-biomass based distributed multi-generation system
Authors: Xu Lei , Hou Gaoyang , Taherian Hessam , Song Ying , Wang YuChuan , Moradi Lee
Published: May 2022

In this research, a distributed multi-generation system combining photovoltaic-thermal collectors with biomass generating units is established in a numerical simulation environment. This system aims to fulfilling heating demand of single-storey cottage located in Xi'an, Northwest China. The feasibility of this system and stepped utilization of different levels of energy are validated and illustrated. In order to achieve reachable maximum efficiency, key parameters of the system, such as collector area, thermal storage capacity, and set heating temperature among other parameters, are combined in a multitude of different ways, and a set of optimal parameters are obtained. After running the model, throughout the heating season, the results show that solar energy contributes 1698 kWh accounting for nearly 60% of the total energy input, while biomass accounts for 40% with 852.95 kWh, which directly determines the stability of the system energy supply. Once-daily maximum electricity buffer generated by the biomass generator holds at 21.67 kWh, the system is able to meet most of the heating load scenarios in Xi'an, China, without auxiliary energy input, as well as achieves the carbon neutrality goal.
Effect of adding a tail fin on the galloping behavior of a square prism: A computational study
Authors: Laws Praveen , Alhussein Hussam , Daqaq Mohammed F.
Published: May 2022

The emergence of flow energy harvesting as a means to harness energy to maintain low-power electronics gave rise to many new fundamental questions concerned with the galloping instability of prisms. Among such questions is that dealing with manipulating the trailing edge of a galloping prism to improve its overall energy capture characteristics. Specifically, since flow energy harvesters operate in environments where wind fluctuation is a common occurrence, the galloping energy harvester must rise to its steady-state amplitude in the shortest possible time while maintaining a large-amplitude steady-state response. In this paper, we develop a high fidelity computational model to investigate the effects of adding a Y-shaped tail fin to a square prism on its galloping response. In particular, we investigate how the addition of the fin affects the flow pattern around the prism, and how that influences the transient and steady-state galloping response of the harvester. Results demonstrate that, except for one extreme case involving a long tail fin with a large fork angle, the addition of the tail fin always increases the steady-state amplitude of the galloping response. As far as the rise time is concerned, there exists an optimal fork angle, which results in the shortest rise time for each tail length. This angle is 15° for a tail length of 1D (D is the characteristic length of the prism), 0° for the 0.75D tail fin, and 15° for the shortest tail length of 0.5D.
Scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry down to 350 mK
Authors: Scheidegger P. J. , Diesch S. , Palm M. L. , Degen C. L.
Published: May 2022

We report on the implementation of a scanning nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometer in a dry dilution refrigerator. Using pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance combined with efficient microwave delivery through a co-planar waveguide, we reach a base temperature of 350 mK, limited by experimental heat load and thermalization of the probe. We demonstrate scanning NV magnetometry by imaging superconducting vortices in a 50-nm-thin aluminum microstructure. The sensitivity of our measurements is approximately 3 μT per square root Hz. Our work demonstrates the feasibility for performing noninvasive magnetic field imaging with scanning NV centers at sub-Kelvin temperatures.
On the flow of liquid crystals through 90° bends
Authors: Fedorowicz Kamil , Prosser Robert
Published: May 2022

During the processing of nematic soft solids through process flow elements (pipe bends, elbows, etc.), the constitutive behavior makes its presence felt via processing (with rheology driven effects increasing pressure drop) and the final product microstructure. This paper explores the flow and microstructure configurations of nematic liquid crystals in a pressure driven flow through 90° pipe bends with different types of wall anchoring. The governing equations of the Leslie–Ericksen theory are solved numerically in a newly developed OpenFOAM solver. We show that the bend curvature deforms the nematic axis distribution; the distortion can be driven either by elastic or hydrodynamic effects. The interaction between the nematic microstructure and flow field generates non-zero normal stresses (in the radial, azimuthal, and streamwise directions), which produce a secondary flow and increase pressure losses. The strength of the secondary flow depends on the type of wall anchoring and Ericksen number; in configurations with homeotropic anchoring, decreasing the Ericksen number increases the relative strength of the secondary flow (with respect to the mean flow velocity). Conversely, homogeneous (planar) anchoring reduces normal stresses, thus weakening the secondary flow strength. We show that as the fluid enters/leaves the bend, there is a perturbation in the transverse velocity caused by streamwise stress gradients. The perturbation magnitude depends on material properties and can be of different values at the bend exit and entrance. Finally, we show that the spatial development of the nematic field downstream of the bend exit is controlled by both material properties and the Ericksen number.
An attempt of using public ambient temperature data in swine genetic evaluation for litter-size traits at birth in Japan
Authors: Hara Hitomi , Ogawa Shinichiro , Ohnishi Chika , Ishii Kazuo , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Satoh Masahiro
Published: May 2022

Context Large-scale genetic evaluation is promising for efficiently improving sow lifetime productivity, and therefore, a reasonable operational model should be pursued to analyse phenotypic data collected from around Japan, where unique seasonality exists. However, the information on establishing the model is currently insufficient. Aims To obtain the fundamental information on using ambient temperature information in developing the model for routine swine genetic evaluation in Japan, by analysing total number born, number born alive, and number stillborn collected at a Japanese farm, together with off-farm ambient temperature measured at the nearest Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System station. Methods Five repeatability animal models were exploited, considering the effects of farrowing season (Model 1), farrowing month (Model 2), quadratic regressions of daily maximum ambient temperature of farrowing day (Model 3), season and temperature (Model 4), or month and temperature (Model 5). Key results Patterns of the effects of daily maximum temperature of farrowing day estimated using Model 3 were similar to those of farrowing season by Model 1 and those of farrowing month by Model 2. Adding the effect of daily maximum temperature of farrowing day (Models 4 and 5) could explain phenotypic variability better than only considering either of farrowing season or month (Models 1 and 2). Estimated heritability was stable among the models and the rank correlation of predicted breeding values among models was >0.98 for all traits. Conclusions The results indicated the possibility that using public ambient temperature can capture a large part of the phenotypic variability in litter-size traits at birth caused by seasonality in Japan. Implications This study could support the availability of public meteorological data in the development of flexible operational models for future swine genetic evaluation in Japan.
‘What is this about? Let’s play this out’: the experience of integrating primary health care registered nurses with school learning and support teams
Authors: Sanford Catherine , Saurman Emily , Dennis Sarah , Lyle David
Published: May 2022

Changes in public health profiles and moves towards inclusive models of education have led to significant number of students in mainstream schools with special health needs. Addressing these needs requires collaboration between health professionals, educators and families. Integrated models of school-based health care can facilitate this collaboration; however, there is little evidence to guide their implementation. The School-Based Primary Health Care Service (SB-PHCS) is one such service that has been established in far west New South Wales. The School-Based Primary Health Care Service embeds health district-employed registered nurses with school learning support teams to increase service access, and improve health and education outcomes for students. We conducted focus groups with nurses and learning support teams to explore their experiences of implementing the School-Based Primary Health Care Service. Focus group transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. We found that defining the role and working across systems were challenges to program implementation, whereas a collaborative culture, relationship building and flexibility in work processes facilitated the integration of nurses into the school teams. We recommend others embarking on similar initiatives involve key stakeholders early in service development, understand each other’s systems and processes, and provide clarity about the new role, but plan to adapt the role to fit the context. This study will be of interest to those involved in the implementation of integrated models of school-based health care.
Modeling the evolution of the US opioid crisis for national policy development
Authors: Lim Tse Yang , Stringfellow Erin J. , Stafford Celia A. , DiGennaro Catherine , Homer Jack B. , Wakeland Wayne , Eggers Sara L. , Kazemi Reza , Glos Lukas , Ewing Emily G. , Bannister Calvin B. , Humphreys Keith , Throckmorton Douglas C. , Jalali Mohammad S.
Published: May 2022

Significance

The opioid crisis remains one of the greatest public health challenges in the United States. The crisis is complex, with long delays and feedbacks between policy actions and their effects, which creates a risk of unintended consequences and complicates policy decision-making. We present SOURCE (Simulation of Opioid Use, Response, Consequences, and Effects), an operationally detailed national-level model of the opioid crisis, intended to enhance understanding of the crisis and guide policy decisions. Drawing on multiple data sources, SOURCE replicates how risks of opioid misuse initiation and overdose have evolved over time in response to behavioral and other changes and suggests how those risks may evolve in the future, providing a basis for projecting and analyzing potential policy impacts and solutions.
Increased variability of the western Pacific subtropical high under greenhouse warming
Authors: Yang Kai , Cai Wenju , Huang Gang , Hu Kaiming , Ng Benjamin , Wang Guojian
Published: May 2022

Significance

The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) channels moisture from the tropics that underpins the East Asian summer climate. Interannual variability of the WPSH dominates climate extremes in the densely populated countries of East Asia. In 2020, an anomalously strong WPSH led to catastrophic floods with hundreds of deaths, 28,000 homes destroyed, and tens of billions in economic damage in China alone. How the frequency of such strong WPSH events will change is of great societal concern. Our finding of an increase in future WPSH variability, translating into an increased frequency of climate extreme as seen in the 2020 episode, highlights the increased risks for the billions of people in the densely populated East Asia with profound socioeconomic consequences.
Retrotransposition facilitated the establishment of a primary plastid in the thecate amoeba
Paulinella
Authors: Calatrava Victoria , Stephens Timothy G. , Gabr Arwa , Bhaya Devaki , Bhattacharya Debashish , Grossman Arthur R.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Primary endosymbiosis allowed the evolution of complex life on Earth. In this process, a prokaryote was engulfed and retained in the cytoplasm of another microbe, where it developed into a new organelle (mitochondria and plastids). During organelle evolution, genes from the endosymbiont are transferred to the host nuclear genome, where they must become active despite differences in the genetic nature of the “partner” organisms. Here, we show that in the amoeba
Paulinella micropora
, which harbors a nascent photosynthetic organelle, the “copy-paste” mechanism of retrotransposition allowed domestication of endosymbiont-derived genes in the host nuclear genome. This duplication mechanism is widespread in eukaryotes and may be a major facilitator for host–endosymbiont integration and the evolution of organelles.
Active transformations of topological structures in light-driven nematic disclination networks
Authors: Jiang Jinghua , Ranabhat Kamal , Wang Xinyu , Rich Hailey , Zhang Rui , Peng Chenhui
Published: May 2022

Significance

Topological defects are marvels of nature. Understanding their structures is important for their applications in, for example, directed self-assembly, sensing, and photonic devices. There is recent interest in active motion and transformation of topological defects in active nematics. In these nonequilibrium systems, however, the motion and transformation of disclinations are difficult to control, thereby hindering their applications. Here, we propose a surface-patterned system engendering periodic three-dimensional disclinations, which can be excited by light irradiation and undergo a programmable transformation between different topological states. Continuum simulations recapitulating these topological structures characterize the bending, breaking, and relinking events of the disclinations during the nonequilibrium process. Our work provides an alternative dynamic system in which active transformation of topological defects can be engineered.
Cholesteric cellulose liquid crystal ink for three-dimensional structural coloration
Authors: Zhang Zhuohao , Wang Chong , Wang Qiao , Zhao Yuanjin , Shang Luoran
Published: May 2022

Significance

We propose a printable structural color ink composed of cholesteric cellulose liquid crystals together with gelatin and a thermal-responsive hydrogel. The ink is endowed with vivid structural colors and printability due to its constituents. Based on this, we print a series of graphics and three-dimensional (3D) objects with vivid color appearances. Moreover, the printed objects possess dual thermal responsiveness, which results in visible color change around body temperature. These performances, together with the biocompatibility of the constituents, indicate that the present ink represents a leap forward to the next-generation 3D printing and would unlock a wide range of real-life applications.
The impact of language dominance on Russian-Hebrew bilingual children’s narrative production
Authors: Fichman Sveta , Walters Joel , Armon-Lotem Sharon , Altman Carmit
Published: May 2022

The study explores the effect of language dominance on microstructure, macrostructure, and Internal State Terms (ISTs) in narratives of Russian-Hebrew bilingual children and examines within-language and cross-language associations between narrative elements in two dominance groups. Narratives were collected from 38 Russian-Hebrew bilingual children aged 5;5–6;7 using the LITMUS-MAIN retelling procedures. The children were divided into L1-dominant (N = 19) and L2-dominant (N = 19) bilinguals based on performance on proficiency tests in L1/Russian and L2/Hebrew. The narratives were coded for microstructure measures: number of different words (NDW), total number of tokens (TNT), number of C-units (CUs), and Mean Length of C-unit (MLCU); and for macrostructure measures: Story Structure and Story Complexity. Ratios of IST tokens and types were calculated per C-unit. Children produced significantly higher NDW, TNT, and MLCU in L2/Hebrew than in L1/Russian. Scores on macrostructure measures and ratios of total ISTs were similar across languages. L1-dominant bilinguals demonstrated similarity between L1 and L2 for microstructure and IST types, whereas L2-dominant bilinguals produced more IST types in L2/Hebrew and had relatively few significant cross-language correlations. Findings for language dominance and cross-language differences are discussed for those narrative features which emerged as sensitive to these effects.
Interlingual terminological asymmetry as one of the aspects of studying foreign languages
Authors: Karlova Tetyana
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study is to explore interlingual terminological asymmetry from the cognitive-onomasiological standpoints. False synonymy of adjectives in anatomical terminology of Latin, Ukrainian, Russian, and English have been analyzed and interpreted as factors causing interlingual terminological asymmetry.

In Latin anatomical terminology, there is a significant number of nominative units with similar meanings. They often have one equivalent in other (modern) languages or can be simply confused as a result of misunderstanding. It creates difficulties in the process of interlingual terminological communication. Despite the substrate nature of the Latin anatomical terminology, national terminological systems undergo different types of correlations in their functioning. The author assumes such correlations are related to the concepts of “terminological asymmetry” (lack of interlingual interchangeability of terms) and “quasi-synonymous effect” (the loss of cognitive-differential function of the term).

Attention is also paid to the preparation of a theoretical basis for creating a special thesaurus to help speakers of Ukrainian study medical terminology in Latin and English.
High-Throughput Sequencing to Evaluate the Effects of Methamphetamine on the Succession of the Bacterial Community to Estimate the Postmortem Interval
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Chen Wei , Shang Yanjie , Ren Lipin , Zhang Xiangyan , Guo Yadong , Zhang Changquan
Published: May 2022

In forensic medical examinations, estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is an important factor. Methamphetamine (MA) is a synthetic stimulant that is commonly abused, and estimation of the PMI after MA abuse has become one of the main tasks in forensic investigation. Microorganisms play a vital role in carrion decomposition. Analysing the bacterial succession patterns can be used as a forensic tool to estimate the PMI. The present study aimed to analyse bacterial succession changes during the decomposition of MA to estimate the PMI. We analysed bacterial communities in rabbits treated with three different concentrations of MA (0, 22.5, and 90 mg/kg) under the natural conditions of 20 °C and 70% humidity by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons using the Illumina MiSeq system. We obtained 2 374 209 high-quality sequences and 2 937 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The relative abundances of the bacterial communities varied markedly in response to different MA concentrations. Interestingly, in response to the different concentrations of MA, Bacteroidetes became disparate in the rectum in the late PMI. Increased numbers of bacterial taxa were identified in the rectum and buccal cavity samples, except at the highest concentration of MA in the rectum samples when PMI was 0–h, than were present in live rabbits. Meanwhile, the PMI correlated significantly with bacterial succession at different taxonomic levels. Our results suggested that bacterial community succession could be used as a “microbial clock” to estimate the PMI in cases of MA-related death; however, further study is required to gain a deeper understanding of this concept. Key PointsAs a forensic tool, microbiome succession patterns have great potential for PMI estimation.At different taxonomic levels, the variation in the succession of microorganisms under three different concentrations of MA during the processes of decomposition is significantly related to PMI for estimating MA abuse.These findings provide a new idea for the estimation of PMI of MA abused by changes in microorganisms.
Competition of Quantum Anomalous Hall States and Charge Density Wave in a Correlated Topological Model
Authors: Gao Xin , Sun Jian , Wan Xiangang , Li Gang
Published: May 2022

We investigate the topological phase transition driven by non-local electronic correlations in a realistic quantum anomalous Hall model consisting of dxy
–d

x
2 – y
2
orbitals. Three topologically distinct phases defined in the non-interacting limit evolve to different charge density wave phases under correlations. Two conspicuous conclusions were obtained: The topological phase transition does not involve gap-closing and the dynamical fluctuations significantly suppress the charge order favored by the next nearest neighbor interaction. Our study sheds light on the stability of topological phase under electronic correlations, and we demonstrate a positive role played by dynamical fluctuations that is distinct to all previous studies on correlated topological states.
Optical analogue of the Schwarzschild–Planck metric
Authors: Moreno-Ruiz Alhan , Bermudez David
Published: May 2022

We revisit the connection between trajectories of accelerated mirrors and spacetime metrics. We present the general (1 + 1)D effective metric that can be obtained with a fibre-optical analogue through the Kerr effect. Then we introduce a new connection between accelerated mirrors and the optical metric. In particular, we connect them for two specific trajectories: the first one is the black mirror that perfectly recreates the Schwarzchild spacetime. The second one is the Schwarzschild–Planck metric that is a regularized version of the Schwarzschild case. The regularization depends on a length scale that has a clear physical interpretation in the fibre-optical analogue system. We study the geometric properties and the Hawking radiation produced in these new analogue metrics.
A peeling theorem for the Weyl tensor in higher dimensions
Authors: Amar Selim
Published: May 2022

A peeling theorem for the Weyl tensor in higher dimensional Lorentzian manifolds is presented. We obtain it by generalizing a proof from the four dimensional case. We derive a generic behavior, discuss interesting subcases and retrieve the four dimensional result.
Optically controlled valley-polarized resonance based on monolayer WSe2 electrical quantum structure
Authors: Ji T , Chen Q , Ren B C , Guo Y , Yuan R Y
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we propose an asymmetric monolayer WSe2 electrical quantum structure consisting of one well and one barrier. Modulating the chirality and the effective energy of two beams of off-resonant circularly polarized lights (OCPLs), we investigate the optically controlled valley transport properties for electron tunneling through the asymmetric quantum structure. It is found that the perfect valley polarization not only occurs in the case of radiating the homo-chiral OCPLs, but also can be observed with applying the anti-chiral OCPLs. Particularly, when the anti-chiral OCPLs are radiated, the valley-polarized conductance as a function of the effective energy of OCPLs presents the resonant phenomenon, and the amplitude of the resonant peak is enhanced to 1. The results indicate that the valley polarization is conducive to experimental measurement, and the ultra-fast optically controlled valleytronic devices, such as valley-based Flash Memory can be achieved in this quantum structure. Additionally, the optically controlled valley-polarized resonance can be modulated by the intensity of the gate voltage, incident energy and angle.
Real-time rail recognition based on 3D point clouds
Authors: Yu Xinyi , He Weiqi , Qian Xuecheng , Yang Yang , Zhang Tingting , Ou Linlin
Published: May 2022

Accurate rail location is a crucial part of safety monitoring in railway operational systems. Light detection and ranging can be used to obtain point clouds that contain three-dimensional (3D) information about the railway environment, especially in darkness and poor weather conditions. In this paper, a real-time rail recognition method based on 3D point clouds is proposed to solve the challenges, such as the disorder, uneven density and large volume of the point clouds. A voxel downsampling method is first presented to balance the density of the railway point clouds, and pyramid partitioning is designed to divide the 3D scanning area into voxels with different volumes. A feature encoding module is then developed to find the nearest neighbor points and to aggregate their local geometric features for the central point. Finally, a multiscale neural network is proposed to generate the prediction results for each voxel and the rail location. Experiments are conducted on nine sequences of 3D point cloud railway data. The results show that this method has good performance in detecting straight and curved rails and other complex rail topologies.