bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical efficacy of several NaOCl concentrations on biofilms of different architecture: new insights on NaOCl working mechanisms
Authors: Petridis X. , Busanello F. H. , So M. V. R. , Dijkstra R. J. B. , Sharma P. K. , van der Sluis L. W. M.
Published: August 2019

Aim

To investigate the anti‐biofilm efficacy and working mechanism of several NaOCl concentrations on dual‐species biofilms of different architecture as well as the changes induced on the architecture of the remaining biofilms.

Methodology

Streptococcus oralis J22 and Actinomyces naeslundii T14V‐J1 were co‐cultured under different growth conditions on saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite discs. A constant‐depth film fermenter (CDFF) was used to grow steady‐state, four‐day mature biofilms (dense architecture). Biofilms were grown under static conditions for 4 days within a confined space (less dense architecture). Twenty microlitres of buffer, 2‐, 5‐, and 10% NaOCl were applied statically on the biofilms for 60 s. Biofilm disruption and dissolution, as well as bubble formation, were evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The viscoelastic profile of the biofilms post‐treatment was assessed with low load compression testing (LLCT). The bacteria/extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) content of the biofilms was examined through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). OCT, LLCT and CLSM data were analysed through one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD post‐hoc test. Linear regression analysis was performed to test the correlation between bubble formation and NaOCl concentration. The level of significance was set at a < 0.05.

Results

The experimental hypothesis according to which enhanced biofilm disruption, dissolution and bubble formation were anticipated with increasing NaOCl concentration was generally confirmed in both biofilm types. Distinct differences between the two biofilm types were noted with regard to NaOCl anti‐biofilm efficiency as well as the effect that the several NaOCl concentrations had on the viscoelasticity profile and the bacteria/EPS content. Along with the bubble generation patterns observed, these led to the formulation of a concentration and biofilm structure‐dependent theory of biofilm removal.

Conclusions

Biofilm architecture seems to be an additional determining factor of the penetration capacity of NaOCl, and consequently of its anti‐biofilm efficiency.
Influence of root maturity or periodontal involvement on dentinal collagen changes following NaOCl irrigation: an ex vivo study
Authors: Browne J. T. , Ng Y.‐L. , Odlyha M. , Gulabivala K. , Bozec L.
Published: August 2019

Aim

To refine a FTIR protocol for detection of NaOCl‐induced dentinal collagen changes using an ex vivo irrigation model, and to apply it to determine the collagen change within 0.5 mm of canal or root surfaces, with or without mature roots or periodontal involvement.

Methodology

The root canals of extracted human roots were irrigated with control saline (n = 3) or 5% NaOCl (n = 3) and sectioned into transverse disks for FTIR analyses, 0.5 mm from both the canal lumen and root surface, before and after surface treatment with 17% EDTA. Amide I/phosphate and amide II/phosphate absorbance ratios were compared using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. Mature roots without periodontal involvement were irrigated with: saline (n = 7), 5% NaOCl (n = 7) or 5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA (n = 7); those with periodontal involvement (n = 7) or immature roots (n = 7) were irrigated with 5% NaOCl. Dentine disks were then prepared for FTIR analyses. The effects of irrigant/root maturity/periodontal involvement were analysed using linear mixed models.

Results

FTIR analyses of the irrigated samples revealed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in collagen bands near the canal lumen after NaOCl irrigation using surface EDTA‐treated samples. Irrigation with the test solutions resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) dentinal collagen changes in the mature roots, whilst those in the immature roots were significantly (P < 0.05) greater compared with the mature roots with or without periodontal involvement; but there was no difference between the latter groups.

Conclusion

EDTA surface treatment of polished dentine surfaces enhanced FTIR detection of NaOCl‐induced collagen changes. Both root maturity and irrigation protocol influenced the ability of NaOCl to alter dentinal collagen up to 0.5 mm from the canal lumen.
Starch enzymatic hydrolysis, structural, thermal and rheological properties of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and dolichos bean (Dolichos lab‐lab) legume starches
Authors: Acevedo Belén A. , Villanueva Marina , Chaves María G. , Avanza María V. , Ronda Felicidad
Published: August 2019

Cajanus Cajans and Dolichos lab‐lab legume starches from Argentine cultivars were investigated under a technological and nutritional point of view. Their physico‐chemical, structural, thermal and the rheological properties of their gels were evaluated. Rice (RS) and potato (PS) starches were included as references. In vitro digestibility from Englyst method was also evaluated. Legume starches had the highest amylose content and the most stable chemical structure. Their rapidly digestible starch and starch digestibility rate index were very low, similar to PS, and fivefold lower than RS. They had a much higher slowly digestible starch content than PS. Legume starches showed the highest gel stability versus heating and stirring and an intermedium pasting temperature between RS and PS. They formed viscoelastic gels at 6% concentration with stronger elastic‐like behaviour and higher yield stress than references. Our results indicate these legumes represent an efficient starch source to provide tailor‐made properties to food/industrial applications.
Association of bullying victimization with overweight and obesity among adolescents from 41 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Koyanagi Ai , Veronese Nicola , Vancampfort Davy , Stickley Andrew , Jackson Sarah E. , Oh Hans , Shin Jae Il , Haro Josep Maria , Stubbs Brendon , Smith Lee
Published: August 2019

Background

Data on the association between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization among adolescents are scarce from low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Objectives

We assessed the associations between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization in 41 low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data from the Global School‐based Student Health Survey were analysed. Data on past 30‐day bullying victimization (including type) and body mass index based on measured weight and height were collected. The 2007 WHO Child Growth reference was used to define overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression (multinomial and binary) and meta‐analyses based on country‐wise estimates were conducted. Data on 114 240 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years were analysed (mean age [SD], 13.8 [1.0] y; 48.8% girls).

Results

Among girls, compared with normal weight, overweight (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.16; between‐country heterogeneity I2 = 0.0%) and obesity (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.34; I2 = 0.0%) were associated with significantly higher odds for any bullying victimization, but no significant association was observed among boys. However, overweight and obesity were both associated with significantly increased odds for bullying by being made fun of because of physical appearance among both sexes—obesity (vs normal weight): girls OR = 3.42 (95% CI, 2.49‐4.71); boys OR = 2.38 (95% CI, 1.67‐3.37).

Conclusions

Effective strategies to reduce bullying of children with overweight/obesity are needed in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Labour Market Realism and the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees
Authors: Martin Philip , Ruhs Martin
Published: August 2019

The Global Compacts on Migration (GCM) and Refugees (GCR) include policy recommendations that aim to increase opportunities for legal labour migration, improve protections for migrant workers, and provide refugees with ‘complementary pathways’ to enhanced protection via labour mobility. This paper explains why there are large gaps between these policy recommendations and the labour market policies and realities in the countries that host most of the world’s migrant workers. These gaps between ideals and realities are likely to limit the effective implementation of the GCM/GCR recommendations on labour migration. More ‘labour market realism‘ is needed to incrementally but effectively improve protections for migrant workers.
Effectiveness and safety of cyclophosphamide or tacrolimus therapy for idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Zou Honghong , Jiang Fang , Xu Gaosi
Published: August 2019

Background

Guidelines recommend classical combined therapy of steroid and cyclophosphamide (CYC) for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), while it is associated with severe adverse effects.

Aims

We conducted an observational and retrospective study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of steroids plus tacrolimus (TAC) versus steroids plus CYC for IMN.

Methods

A total of 203 kidney‐biopsy‐proven IMN patients was enrolled in this study. One group (n = 142) received steroid combined with intravenous CYC (750 mg/m2 body surface) and the other group (n = 61) received steroid combined with oral TAC (target blood concentration of 4–8 ng/mL). The primary outcomes were achievement of remission. The secondary end‐points included incidence of adverse events, relapse rates, 24 h urinary protein (UP), serum albumin, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Results

Over the 18‐month observation period, the study suggested that the remission rates at the first 3 months were significantly higher in TAC group than in CYC group (72.1% vs 54.9%, P < 0.05). Although the cumulative incidence of serious and non‐serious adverse events was not different significantly between the two groups, the incidence after first 3 months was lower in TAC group. Levels of 24‐h UP and serum albumin improved in the TAC group more than in the CYC group (P < 0.05) over the observed period.

Conclusions

Because of its short‐term effectiveness and long‐term safety profile, steroid plus TAC might be a better option for IMN.
Justice obtained? How disabled claimants fare at Employment Tribunals
Authors: William Laura , Pauksztat Birgit , Corby Susan
Published: August 2019

This article explores disability discrimination cases at British Employment Tribunals. Analysing over 750 judgments, it examines the characteristics of claimants and the factors associated with the failure of cases: restrictive judicial decisions, complex legal tests, inequality of arms between claimant and employer and the stigma attached to claimants with mental impairments, providing some evidence for a hierarchy of impairments.
Down‐regulation of long non‐coding RNA HOTAIR inhibits invasion and migration of oesophageal cancer cells via up‐regulation of microRNA‐204
Authors: Wang Ai‐Hua , Tan Peng , Zhuang Yuan , Zhang Xiu‐Tian , Yu Zong‐Bu , Li Lu‐Ning
Published: August 2019

Oesophageal cancer is a progressive tumour with high mortality. However, therapies aimed at treating oesophageal cancer remain relatively limited. Accumulating studies have highlighted long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), microRNA‐204 (miR‐204) and homeobox C8 (HOXC8) in the progression of oesophageal cancer. Herein, we tried to demonstrate the function of HOTAIR, miR‐204 and HOXC8 in oesophageal cancer and their relationship. Differentially expressed genes involved in oesophageal cancer were identified. The endogenous expression of HOTAIR and miR‐204 in oesophageal cancer cell lines was altered to elucidate their effects and to identify the interaction among HOTAIR, miR‐204 and HOXC8. We also explored the underlying regulatory mechanisms of HOTAIR and miR‐204 with siRNA against HOTAIR, miR‐204 mimic or miR‐204 inhibitor. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were subsequently detected. Xenograft in nude mice was induced to evaluate tumourigenicity. miR‐204 was down‐regulated, while HOTAIR and HOXC8 were up‐regulated in the oesophageal cancer tissues. HOTAIR could competitively bind to miR‐204 and miR‐204 could further target HOXC8. The oesophageal cancer cells treated with si‐HOTAIR or miR‐204 mimic exhibited decreased expression levels of HOXC8, Vimentin and MMP‐9, but increased E‐cadherin level. Silenced HOTAIR or elevated miR‐204 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, along with stimulated apoptosis of oesophageal cancer cells. In summary, our results show that lncRNA HOTAIR could specifically bind to miR‐204 as a competing endogenous RNA and regulate miR‐204 and HOXC8. Hence, down‐regulation of HOTAIR could inhibit progression of oesophageal cancer, indicating a novel target for oesophageal cancer treatment.
Safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A subanalysis of a post‐marketing study (J‐STEP/EL Study)
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Naito Yusuke , Senda Masayuki , Kurihara Yuji , Gunji Ryoji , Kakiuchi Seigo , Utsunomiya Kazunori
Published: August 2019

Aims/Introduction

This subanalysis aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin by using data from the Japanese Study of Tofogliflozin with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in an Observational Study of the Elderly to categorize elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by the number of concomitant oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and insulin use at baseline.

Materials and Methods

Japanese Study of Tofogliflozin with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in an Observational Study of the Elderly is a 1‐year prospective, observational and multicenter post‐marketing study that enrolled all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged ≥65 years who started tofogliflozin during the first 3 months after its launch in May 2014 in Japan.

Results

The safety and effectiveness analysis sets included 1,497 and 1,422 patients, respectively. Overall, 18.10 and 2.20% of the patients experienced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and serious ADRs, respectively. ADRs of special interest in the total, 0 OAD, one OAD, two OADs, three or more OADs and insulin groups occurred in 12.22, 10.04, 12.35, 13.32, 11.27 and 14.91% of patients, respectively. Volume depletion‐related events were the most frequently observed ADRs of special interest. Hypoglycemia occurred in 1.07% of patients. Overall, glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight were significantly decreased, but the estimated glomerular filtration rate was not significantly changed.

Conclusions

Our finding suggests that tofogliflozin could be safely and effectively used in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, irrespective of the number of OADs and the use of insulin.
Long‐term outcome of islet transplantation on insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: An observational cohort study
Authors: Nakamura Toshihiro , Fujikura Junji , Anazawa Takayuki , Ito Ryo , Ogura Masahito , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: August 2019

Aims/Introduction

To investigate the long‐term efficacy and safety of islet transplantation (ITx) compared with multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Materials and Methods

Among 619 patients diagnosed as insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, seven patients were selected as the ITx group and 26 age‐matched patients with no endogenous insulin secretion were selected as the MDI/CSII group. Hemoglobin A1c, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and creatinine were assessed retrospectively at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years for both groups; serum C‐peptide immunoreactivity was assessed for the ITx group. Major clinical events were also assessed.

Results

Hemoglobin A1c improvement in ITx was significant at 1 year (8.4% [7.8–9.9%] at baseline to 7.1% [6.3–7.4%] in ITx vs 8.2% [7.4–9.8%] at baseline to 8.1% [7.3–9.5%] in MDI/CSII, P < 0.01 between groups), and was maintained at 2 years (7.4% [6.3–8.2%] vs 8.4% [7.4–9.6%], P = 0.11). The increase of stimulated C‐peptide immunoreactivity was significant at 1 year (0.57 ng/mL [0.26–0.99 ng/mL], P < 0.05 from baseline) and 2 years (0.43 ng/mL [0.19–0.67 ng/mL], P < 0.05), although it became insignificant thereafter. There was no significant difference in AST/ALT or creatinine at 10 years, although a transient AST/ALT elevation was observed in ITx. In regard to clinical events, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia was 14% vs 31% (relative risk 0.46, P = 0.64), that of infectious disease was 43% vs 12% (relative risk 3.71, P = 0.09) and digestive symptoms was 43% vs 7.7% (relative risk 5.57, P = 0.05) in ITx vs MDI/CSII, respectively. No patient died in either group.

Conclusions

The present findings showed that ITx was considered to contribute to the reduction of hypoglycemia and better glycemic control with tolerable, but attention‐requiring, risks over a period of 10 years compared with MDI/CSII.
Does cold snare polypectomy completely resect the mucosal layer? A prospective single‐center observational trial
Authors: Shichijo Satoki , Takeuchi Yoji , Kitamura Masanori , Kono Mitsuhiro , Shimamoto Yusaku , Fukuda Hiromu , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Arao Masamichi , Iwatsubo Taro , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenshi , Inoue Shuntaro , Matsuura Noriko , Nakahira Hiroko , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Fukui Keisuke , Ito Yuri , Nakatsuka Shin‐ichi , Ishihara Ryu
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim

The true incidence of incomplete muscularis mucosa resection with cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is unknown. We examined the incidence of incomplete muscularis mucosa resection both with and without cold snare defect protrusion (CSDP).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing polypectomy for 4 to 9mm nonpedunculated polyps. We evaluated the presence of CSDP immediately following CSP and biopsied the CSDP or the center of the mucosal defect without CSDP. The presence of the muscularis mucosa and any residual polyp in the biopsies was evaluated histologically. The primary outcome was the incidence of incomplete mucosal layer resection defined as the presence of muscularis mucosa or residual polyp in the biopsies.

Results

From August 2017 to October 2018, 188 patients were screened, and 357 polyps were included. CSDP was detected in 122/355 (34%) evaluated mucosal defects. Excluding five lesions requiring hemostasis immediately following CSP, 352 mucosal defects were biopsied. After excluding 102 biopsies containing normal mucosa, we evaluated 250 biopsies. The overall incidence of incomplete mucosal layer resection was 63% (159/250), 76% (68/90) with CSDP and 57% (91/159) without CSDP (P < 0.01). Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that size (≥ 6 mm), resection time (≥ 5 s), and serrated lesions were risk factors for CSDP.

Conclusions

Cold snare defect protrusion (CSDP), which was present with 36%, was a good indicator for incomplete mucosal layer resection. Even in nonCSDP polypectomies, 57% of the mucosal layer was not removed completely. Thus, CSP should be used for intra‐epithelial lesions only, and careful pretreatment evaluation is recommended.
Depressive Symptoms and All‐Cause Mortality in Older American Indians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Goins R. Turner , Noonan Carolyn , Winchester Blythe , Brock David
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES

American Indians experience disproportionately high rates of poor mental health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the association between depressive symptoms and all‐cause mortality in older American Indians with T2DM.

DESIGN

We used the Native Elder Care Study survey data from community‐dwelling American Indians aged 55 years or older, linked to data extracted from participants' electronic health records. We focused on those who had an International Classification of Diseases‐Ninth Revision diagnosis of T2DM in their electronic health records.

SETTING

The study was conducted with a federally‐recognized tribe with approximately 16,000 enrolled members, most of whom reside on or near tribally‐owned lands that span several rural counties.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants were among the Native Elder Care Study participants with a final analytic sample of 222.

MEASUREMENTS

We measured depressive symptoms with the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between depressive symptoms and all‐cause mortality in the final analytic sample of 222 subjects.

RESULTS

Survival curves revealed that individuals in the third and fourth CES‐D scale categories had higher mortality than those in the first and second categories. Mortality risk was significantly higher for participants with CES‐D scale scores in the third highest compared with the lowest category (hazard ratio = 2.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.07‐4.04), after adjustment for demographic characteristics, health behaviors, obesity, and prevalent T2DM complications. Analyses with the CES‐D scale as a continuous variable also showed a positive association with mortality.

CONCLUSION

The impact of mental health on older American Indians with T2DM is often overlooked, yet it is vital to clinical and public health practice. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing the mental health needs of this population, particularly because depression in older patients is often undetected or inadequately treated. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1940–1945, 2019
The Political Afterlives of Mexico's Disappeared
Authors: Ohlson Olof
Published: August 2019

Este artículo analiza un sitio conmemorativo en la Ciudad de México en donde las familias de personas desaparecidas vienen a realizar ceremonias conmemorativas. Han grabado epitafios políticos en el sitio con biografías de sus desaparecidos, lo que llamo “necrografías,” que hablan en primera persona como si los que hablaran estuvieran vivos. Sostengo que estos objetos dan vidas póstumas a los desaparecidos en una manera obviamente politica, para hacerlos objetos de un actvismo y un dolor colectivo. Los ritos en este sitio conmemorativo guardan los desaparecidos como personas distintas de aquellos que son muertos, y así los hacen permanecer en un estado de liminalidad eterno.
Contrasting patterns of genetic structure and phylogeography in the marine agarophytes Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G. freshwateri (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from East Asia
Authors: Boo Ga Hun , Qiu Ying‐Xiong , Kim Jung Yeon , Ang Put O. , Bosch Samuel , De Clerck Olivier , He Peimin , Higa Atsushi , Huang Bangqin , Kogame Kazuhiro , Liu Shao‐Lun , van Nguyen Tu , Suda Shoichiro , Terada Ryuta , Miller Kathy Ann , Boo Sung Min
Published: August 2019

The evolutionary and population demographic history of marine red algae in East Asia is poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeographies of two upper intertidal species endemic to East Asia, Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G. freshwateri. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences of 393 mitochondrial cox1, 128 plastid rbcL, and 342 nuclear ITS2 sequences were complemented with ecological niche models. Gelidiophycus divaricatus, a southern species adapted to warm water, is characterized by a high genetic diversity and a strong geographical population structure, characteristic of stable population sizes and sudden reduction to recent expansion. In contrast, G. freshwateri, a northern species adapted to cold temperate conditions, is genetically relatively homogeneous with a shallow population structure resulting from steady population growth and recent equilibrium. The overlap zone of the two species roughly matches summer and winter isotherms, indicating that surface seawater temperature is a key feature influencing species range. Unidirectional genetic introgression was detected at two sites on Jeju Island where G. divaricatus was rare while G. freshwateri was common, suggesting the occurrence of asymmetric natural hybrids, a rarely reported event for rhodophytes. Our results illustrate that Quaternary climate oscillations have left strong imprints on the current day genetic structure and highlight the importance of seawater temperature and sea level change in driving speciation in upper intertidal seaweed species.
Mathematical modeling reveals how the density of initial tumor and its distance to parent vessels alter the growth trend of vascular tumors
Authors: Akbarpour Ghazani Mehran , Nouri Zahra , Saghafian Mohsen , Soltani Madjid
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the response of a tumor and parent vessels to stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment in different configurations. How a tumor grows and induces angiogenesis in different distances of a parent vessel is investigated. Moreover, interstitial fluid pressure and its effects on tumor cell phenotype are considered in the model.

Methods

A multiscale continuum‐discrete model of a vascular tumor is utilized to simulate the growth of a cluster of tumor cells positioned in different distances of parent vessels. An agent‐based probabilistic angiogenesis model is coupled to a discrete tumor model to simulate branching, anastomosis, blood flow, wall shear stress, and interstitial tumor pressure in which tumor cells are divided to necrotic, hypoxic, and proliferative.

Results

Starting the simulations from 9 initial tumor cells, the model proved that tumors grow to a certain size and also reach to a certain distance before being able to induce sprouting. For tumors placed 2 and 2.5 mm away from a parent vessel, initiation of angiogenesis is delayed significantly in comparison with closer distances. For the initial cluster positioned in a distance of 2.5 mm away, first sprout is seen after 47 days. Moreover, dendritic shape of the tumor is seen prior to angiogenesis which is a sign of cells being starved and wandered in the domain to reach the oxygen source. The trend of tumor growth obeys power law function which aligns with the experimental results.

Discussion

The mathematical model revealed the importance of geometry and position of an initial tumor cluster in determining the behavior and final architecture of a vascular tumor. As a tumor cell appears in farther distances from a parent vessel, duration of its growth and inducing angiogenesis becomes longer and the chance of suppressing the tumor in the initial days of growth is higher. Also, the importance of angiogenesis in making tumors devastating is again corroborated by mathematical models.
Perfecting Practice
Authors: LIGHTBOWN PATSY MARTIN
Published: August 2019

This special issue contains reports of research on a variety of variables that are hypothesized to have an impact on how practice affects language learning. This includes spacing of practice opportunities, the provision of feedback, training working memory, and oral versus written input. Each study is complex and clearly contextualized within the research on the multiple roles of practice for second language learning. Teachers (especially those who teach younger learners) would not find it easy to access these articles because of their complexity and sophistication. However, it is important for researchers and teacher educators to find ways to share the findings of such studies and the ideas behind them so that teachers can assess their relevance for their own instruction.
How to approach business model innovation: the role of opportunities in times of (no) exogenous change
Authors: Schneider Sabrina
Published: August 2019

Firms need to show dynamic adaptability and innovate their business models to achieve survival and growth, in particular when they are exposed to high levels of exogenous change. However, business model innovation also takes place in the absence of exogenous change. We know relatively little about firms’ approaches to opportunities for business model innovation in both of these environmental settings. The objective of this study is to understand how firms exposed to various environmental conditions explore and exploit business model innovation opportunities. In a qualitative multiple case analysis, the study compares the approaches to business model innovation used by four firms exposed to high levels of exogenous change with those of four firms operating in the absence of exogenous change. The findings are contrasted with entrepreneurial opportunity discovery and creation theories. The results reveal that firms exposed to high levels of exogenous change focus on discovering objective opportunities, whereas firms operating in the absence of exogenous change concentrate on creating opportunities for business model innovation. However, this study revealed that when the firms further explore and exploit these opportunities, they tend to combine the behaviours that the two opportunity perspectives suggest. This study contributes to the literature on business model innovation by emphasising the relationship between environmental context and approach to business model innovation and by reinforcing the link with entrepreneurship theory.
Contrast function estimation for the drift parameter of ergodic jump diffusion process
Authors: Amorino Chiara , Gloter Arnaud
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider an ergodic diffusion process with jumps whose drift coefficient depends on an unknown parameter. We suppose that the process is discretely observed. We introduce an estimator based on a contrast function, which is efficient without requiring any conditions on the rate at which the step discretization goes to zero, and where we allow the observed process to have nonsummable jumps. This extends earlier results where the condition on the step discretization was needed and where the process was supposed to have summable jumps. In general situations, our contrast function is not explicit and one has to resort to some approximation. In the case of a finite jump activity, we propose explicit approximations of the contrast function such that the efficient estimation of the drift parameter is feasible. This extends the results obtained by Kessler in the case of continuous processes.
Maternal narration about parenting pride and regret is related to youth emotion regulation
Authors: Pasupathi Monisha , Oldroyd Kristina , Wainryb Cecilia , Mansfield Cade M.
Published: August 2019

As they respond to children's emotions, mothers socialize children's emerging emotion regulation. Mothers' own autobiographical narratives likely reflect in part habitual ways of expressing and managing emotions—ways that may in turn influence the way mothers respond to their children's emotions. We examined features of mothers' narratives about parental pride and regret experiences, and assessed whether these were associated with parental socialization of emotion and the emotion regulation repertoire of their children. Two hundred thirty‐seven mothers with children ranging from 8 to 17 years of age provided two narratives about parental pride and parental regret experiences. Parental emotion socialization and children's emotion regulation were assessed via self‐ and informant‐report using a multi‐measure, multi‐observer approach. We found that features of the way mothers narrated their experiences with a particular child related to their parenting of that child, and that child's emotion regulation. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for emotion‐related parenting, and the potential importance of parent narratives.
Using geographically weighted regression to explore neighborhood‐level predictors of domestic abuse in the UK
Authors: Weir Ruth
Published: August 2019

Reducing domestic abuse has become a priority for both local and national governments in the UK, with its substantial human, social, and economic costs. It is an interdisciplinary issue, but to date there has been no research in the UK that has focused on neighborhood‐level predictors of domestic abuse and their variation across space. This article uses geographically weighted regression to model the predictors of police‐reported domestic abuse in Essex. Readily available structural and cultural variables were found to predict the domestic abuse rate and the repeat victimization rate at the lower super output area level and the model coefficients were all found to be non‐stationary, indicating varying relationships across space. This research not only has important implications for victims' well being, but also enables policy makers to gain a better understanding of the geography of victimization, allowing targeted policy interventions and efficiently allocated resources.
How innovation impacts firms' export survival: Does export mode matter?
Authors: Dai Meihong , Liu Haiyang , Lin Lingtao
Published: August 2019

The innovation‐export nexus has been extensively explored, while relatively few studies have focused on innovation's impact on firms' export survival and the role of export mode. Using a large panel dataset from China, this research empirically explores how innovation impacts firms' export survival, considering export modes. First, we employ the discrete‐time survival analysis model (cloglog) to examine this research addressing the censored issue. Second, the propensity score matching (PSM) methodology is employed to address the selection‐bias issue and select the similar firms based on which to compare their Kaplan–Meier survivor probability. Results present a positive role of innovation in the export survival of direct exporters; however, there is an inverted‐U relationship between innovation intensity and their survival probability. For indirect exporters, evidence shows an insignificant innovation‐export survival nexus. In addition, results show higher export survival for Chinese innovative exporters who are foreign‐owned, highly export‐intensive, long‐lasting in export market, in technology industries. For innovative exporters who export directly, those in medium and low‐technological industries and export capital goods are more likely to survive. Our research provides insights for Chinese exporters regarding innovation participation and suggests the government conducting prudent and deliberate design for innovation strategy.
Distinct pattern of oculomotor impairment associated with acute sleep loss and circadian misalignment
Authors: Stone Leland S. , Tyson Terence L. , Cravalho Patrick F. , Feick Nathan H. , Flynn‐Evans Erin E.
Published: August 2019

Key points

Inadequate sleep and irregular work schedules have not only adverse consequences for individual health and well‐being, but also enormous economic and safety implications for society as a whole.

This study demonstrates that visual motion processing and coordinated eye movements are significantly impaired when performed after sleep loss and during the biological night, and thus may be contributing to human error and accidents.

Because affected individuals are often unaware of their sensorimotor and cognitive deficits, there is a critical need for non‐invasive, objective indicators of mild, yet potentially unsafe, impairment due to disrupted sleep or biological rhythms.

Our findings show that a set of eye‐movement measures can be used to provide sensitive and reliable indicators of such mild neural impairments.

Sleep loss and circadian misalignment have long been known to impair human cognitive and motor performance with significant societal and health consequences. It is well known that human reaction time to a visual cue is impaired following sleep loss and circadian misalignment, but it has remained unclear how more complex visuomotor control behaviour is altered under these conditions. In this study, we measured 14 parameters of the voluntary ocular tracking response of 12 human participants (six females) to systematically examine the effects of sleep loss and circadian misalignment using a constant routine 24‐h acute sleep‐deprivation paradigm. The combination of state‐of‐the‐art oculometric and sleep‐research methodologies allowed us to document, for the first time, large changes in many components of pursuit, saccades and visual motion processing as a function of time awake and circadian phase. Further, we observed a pattern of impairment across our set of oculometric measures that is qualitatively different from that observed previously with other mild neural impairments. We conclude that dynamic vision and visuomotor control exhibit a distinct pattern of impairment linked with time awake and circadian phase. Therefore, a sufficiently broad set of oculometric measures could provide a sensitive and specific behavioural biomarker of acute sleep loss and circadian misalignment. We foresee potential applications of such oculometric biomarkers assisting in the assessment of readiness‐to‐perform higher risk tasks and in the characterization of sub‐clinical neural impairment in the face of a multiplicity of potential risk factors, including disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms.
New species of the genera Dolichocybe and Pavania (Acari: Dolichocybidae), phoretic on scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Iran

Authors: Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Khaustov Alexandr , Mortazavi Abdolazim
Published: August 2019

In a survey of prostigmatic mites associated with insects in southern parts of Iran, a new species of the genus Dolichocybe and four new species of the genus Pavania as associates of the scarab and trogid beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Trogidae) were found: Dolichocybe orzueeyehiensis sp. nov. from Adoretus sp., Pavania kermaniensis sp. nov. from Aphodius cf. lividus (Olivier), P. magowskii sp. nov. from Trox sp., P. megasolenidia sp. nov. from Aphodius sp., and P. scarabaeophilus sp. nov. from Scarabaeus sp. The scarab genus Adoretus is a new host record for mites of the genus Dolichocybe, and the genera Aphodius and Trox are new host records for mites of the genus Pavania.
Physical Activity Before or During Pregnancy and Low Back Pain: Data From the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Caputo Eduardo L. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Ferreira Manuela L. , Bertoldi Andréa D. , Domingues Marlos R. , Shirley Debra , Silva Marcelo C.
Published: August 2019

Background: To investigate whether engagement in leisure-time physical activity before or during pregnancy is associated with low back pain (LBP) outcomes during pregnancy and postpartum prevalence of LBP in women who reported LBP during pregnancy.Methods: Data from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, were used. Demographic, socioeconomic, and gestational characteristics, as well as physical activity prior to and during pregnancy were recorded at perinatal assessment. LBP outcomes during pregnancy (pain intensity, activity limitation, and care seeking) and postpartum (prevalence of LBP) were collected at the 1-year follow-up.Results: Pain intensity, care seeking, and prevalence of LBP postpartum period were not associated with physical activity either before or during pregnancy. However, women engaged in physical activity during pregnancy and at least for 2 trimesters had lower odds ratio of activity limitation associated with LBP during pregnancy (odds ratio: 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.41 to 0.88; odds ratio: 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.86, respectively).Conclusion: Meeting the recommended levels of physical activity during pregnancy is associated with less activity limitation related to LBP during pregnancy. However, physical activity levels, either before or during pregnancy, were not associated with pain intensity, care seeking, and postpartum LBP.
Bcl11b prevents catastrophic autoimmunity by controlling multiple aspects of a regulatory T cell gene expression program
Authors: Hasan Syed Nurul , Sharma Amit , Ghosh Sayantani , Hong Sung-Wook , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Im Sin-Hyeog , Kang Keunsoo , Rudra Dipayan
Published: August 2019

Bcl11b orchestrates a T
reg
cell transcription program by regulating functional recruitment of the master regulator Foxp3.
Origin of alkylphosphonic acids in the interstellar medium
Authors: Turner Andrew M. , Abplanalp Matthew J. , Bergantini Alexandre , Frigge Robert , Zhu Cheng , Sun Bing-Jian , Hsiao Chun-Ta , Chang Agnes H. H. , Meinert Cornelia , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: August 2019

Phosphorus-containing precursors to biomolecules originate in deep space.
Cytokine release and gastrointestinal symptoms after gluten challenge in celiac disease
Authors: Goel Gautam , Tye-Din Jason A. , Qiao Shuo-Wang , Russell Amy K. , Mayassi Toufic , Ciszewski Cezary , Sarna Vikas K. , Wang Suyue , Goldstein Kaela E. , Dzuris John L. , Williams Leslie J. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Lundin Knut E. A. , Jabri Bana , Sollid Ludvig M. , Anderson Robert P.
Published: August 2019

Acute gastrointestinal symptoms induced by gluten, within 4 hours, are mediated by reactivation of antigen-specific memory T cells.
Targeting pyrimidine synthesis accentuates molecular therapy response in glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Wang Xiuxing , Yang Kailin , Wu Qiulian , Kim Leo J. Y. , Morton Andrew R. , Gimple Ryan C. , Prager Briana C. , Shi Yu , Zhou Wenchao , Bhargava Shruti , Zhu Zhe , Jiang Li , Tao Weiwei , Qiu Zhixin , Zhao Linjie , Zhang Guoxing , Li Xiqing , Agnihotri Sameer , Mischel Paul S. , Mack Stephen C. , Bao Shideng , Rich Jeremy N.
Published: August 2019

Concurrent targeting of pyrimidine synthesis and oncogenic driver pathways improves therapeutic efficacy in glioblastoma.
Intranasal micro-optical coherence tomography imaging for cystic fibrosis studies
Authors: Leung Hui Min , Birket Susan E. , Hyun Chulho , Ford Timothy N. , Cui Dongyao , Solomon George M. , Shei Ren-Jay , Adewale Adegboyega Timothy , Lenzie Andrew R. , Fernandez-Petty Courtney M. , Zheng Hui , Palermo Justin H. , Cho Do-Yeon , Woodworth Bradford A. , Yonker Lael M. , Hurley Bryan P. , Rowe Steven M. , Tearney Guillermo J.
Published: August 2019

Micro-optical coherence tomography with an intranasal imaging probe detects defects in the mucociliary transport of people with cystic fibrosis.
Pharmacokinetics and Penetration of Sitafloxacin into Alveolar Epithelial Lining Fluid in Critically Ill Thai Patients with Pneumonia
Authors: Paiboonvong Taniya , Nosoongnoen Wichit , Sathirakul Korbtham , Tangsujaritvijit Viratch , Kaemapairoj Jaipak , Tragulpiankit Pramote , Montakantikul Preecha
Published: August 2019

Sitafloxacin showed potent activity against various respiratory pathogens. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were obtained from 12 subjects after a single oral dose of sitafloxacin 200 mg. The mean ± SD (median) maximum ratio of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) to unbound plasma concentration was 1.02 ± 0.58 (1.33).
Isavuconazole Diffusion in Infected Human Brain
Authors: Rouzaud Claire , Jullien Vincent , Herbrecht Anne , Palmier Bruno , Lapusan Simona , Morgand Marjolaine , Guéry Romain , Dureault Amélie , Danion François , Puget Stéphanie , Goldwirt Lauriane , Lanternier Fanny , Lortholary Olivier
Published: August 2019

We report the cases of a 39-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a 21-year-old man with chronic granulomatous disease treated for cerebral aspergillosis. The patients required radical surgery for infection progression despite adequate isavuconazole plasma concentration or neurological complication. We thus decided to measure the brain isavuconazole concentration.
The Vc2 Cyclic di-GMP-Dependent Riboswitch of Vibrio cholerae Regulates Expression of an Upstream Putative Small RNA by Controlling RNA Stability
Authors: Pursley Benjamin R. , Fernandez Nicolas L. , Severin Geoffrey B. , Waters Christopher M.
Published: August 2019

Riboswitches are typically RNA elements located in the 5′ untranslated region of mRNAs. They are highly structured and specifically recognize and respond to a given chemical cue to alter transcription termination or translation initiation. In this work, we report a novel mechanism of riboswitch-mediated gene regulation in
Vibrio cholerae
whereby a 3′ riboswitch, named Vc2, controls the stability of upstream untranslated RNA upon binding to its cognate ligand, the second messenger cyclic di-GMP, leading to the accumulation of previously undescribed putative sRNAs. We further demonstrate that binding of the ligand to the riboswitch prevents RNA degradation. As binding of riboswitches to their ligands often produces compactly structured RNA, we hypothesize this mechanism of gene regulation is widespread.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Massilia
sp. Strain MC02, Isolated from a Sandy Loam Maize Soil
Authors: Raths Rachel , Peta Vincent , Bücking Heike
Published: August 2019

From farmed corn soil in California, we isolated and sequenced a new member of the genus
Massilia
,
Massilia
sp. strain MC02.
Massilia
sp. MC02 has an assembled draft genome of 5,023,356 bp with a total of 4,790 protein-encoding genes and 3,028 predicted proteins, 47 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA operons.
Full Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Economically Important Dietary Supplement and Spice
Curcuma longa
Authors: Windsor Amanda M. , Ott Brittany M. , Zhang Ning , Wen Jun , Hsu Erica , Handy Sara M.
Published: August 2019

Curcuma longa
L. is a native species of Asia that is commonly known as turmeric. It is a spice also used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses. Here, we present the fully annotated chloroplast genome of
Curcuma longa
.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Agrococcus
sp. Strain SGAir0287, Isolated from Tropical Air Collected in Singapore
Authors: Lau Kenny J. X. , Junqueira Ana Carolina M. , Uchida Akira , Purbojati Rikky W. , Houghton James N. I. , Chénard Caroline , Wong Anthony , Kolundžija Sandra , Clare Megan E. , Kushwaha Kavita K. , Putra Alexander , Gaultier Nicolas E. , Heinle Cassie E. , Premkrishnan Balakrishnan N. V. , Vettah Vineeth Kodengil , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Schuster Stephan C.
Published: August 2019

Agrococcus
sp. strain SGAir0287 was isolated from tropical air samples collected in Singapore. Assembled using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and MiSeq reads, the genome consists of one circular chromosome of 3,084,767 bp. The entire genome has 2,870 protein-coding genes, 45 tRNAs, and 3 rRNAs.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Caloramator
sp. Strain E03, a Novel Ethanologenic, Thermophilic, Obligately Anaerobic Bacterium
Authors: Hatmaker E. Anne , Klingeman Dawn M. , Martin Roman K. , Guss Adam M. , Elkins James G.
Published: August 2019

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Caloramator
sp. strain E03, an anaerobic thermophile that was isolated from a hot spring within the Rabbit Creek area of Yellowstone National Park. The assembly contains a single 2,984,770-bp contig with a G+C content of 31.3% and is predicted to encode 2,678 proteins.
16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequence Data from Chicken Cecal Feces from Vietnam and Thailand
Authors: Takeshita Nachiko , Kim Hyunjung , Witoonsatian Kringkrai , Tohya Mari , Võ Tấn Hùng , Boonyong Nuchjaree , Nguyễn Thị Phương Bình , Nakagawa Ichiro , Meekhanon Nattakan , Nguyễn Ngọc Hải , Sekizaki Tsutomu
Published: August 2019

Here, we report 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data from chicken cecal feces from Vietnam and Thailand.
Lachnospiraceae
,
Ruminococcaceae
, and
Bacteroidaceae
were dominant in cecal feces microbiota.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Duganella
sp. Strain DN04, Isolated from Cultivated Soil
Authors: Raths Rachel , Peta Vincent , Bücking Heike
Published: August 2019

Here, we sequenced
Duganella
sp. strain DN04, a novel species within the genus
Duganella
that was isolated from a maize field in North Carolina. The assembled draft genome size is 6,562,230 bp, with a total of 6,039 protein coding sequences and 3,889 functionally assigned genes, including genes putatively involved in the colonization of plants.