bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Efficacy of Presurgical Vacuum Formed Nasoalveolar Molding Aligners on Nose, Lip, and Maxillary Arch Morphology in Infants With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Al Khateeb Khadega Ali , Fotouh Mai Aboul , Abdelsayed Fatma , Fahim Fady
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of series of preadjusted vacuum formed nasoalveolar molding VF NAM aligners on the morphology of nose, lip, and maxillary arch in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Design:

Prospective clinical trial.

Setting:

Unilateral cleft lip and palate patients referred to outpatients’ clinic.

Patients:

Sixteen nonsyndromic infants with UCLP, less than 2 months of age were included from April 2017 to April 2018.

Interventions:

All infants received VF NAM therapy. Standardized digital frontal and basilar photographs and 3D digital models were taken before initiation of VF NAM therapy (T1) and after completion of VF NAM therapy (T2).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Changes in morphology of the nose, lip, and maxillary arch.

Results:

Statistical analysis comparing T1 and T2 measurements was performed. Frontal and basilar photographic analysis showed a statistically significant reduction of columella displacement, interlabial gap distance, and nostril width at cleft side (CS), while the nasal height, nostril height at CS, nostril width at noncleft side (NCS), columella deviation angle, nasal tip protrusion, and nostril area at both CS and NCS increased significantly with VF NAM therapy. The nasal width, nostril height at NCS showed no significant change after presurgical VF NAM aligners therapy. The analysis of digital models demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of alveolar cleft width, anterior arch width, arch length, midline deviation, and palatal cleft width, while the posterior arch width and arch perimeter increased significantly with VF NAM therapy.

Conclusion:

Vacuum formed NAM therapy was effective in reducing the nasoalveolar deformities associated with infants with UCLP and improved the alveolar morphology and nasal symmetry.
Evidence Map of School-Based Violence Prevention Programs in Israel
Authors: Brants Hagit Sabo , Ariel Barak
Published: October 2020

School-based youth violence is a worldwide concern. One common approach to dealing with this problem is implementing state-sponsored intervention programs for large populations of pupils. However, there is a growing concern that school-based interventions (SBIs) are being implemented without sufficient evaluations of their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. We take Israel as a national case study. Although its state education system strongly advocates an evidence-based approach to implementing “best-practice” SBIs, it is unclear to what extent Israeli SBIs are informed by impact evaluations. We coded information on all SBIs aimed at reducing violence in the state education system and reviewed the quality of evaluations associated with each SBI. Of 1,510 SBIs, 113 were dedicated to violence prevention programs in schools. Only 15 of these programs (13%), however, had any quantitative appraisal, and only two completed tests of SBIs were assessed using randomized controlled trial designs; five programs in total were evaluated under sufficiently rigorous conditions. We conclude that without valid causal estimates of treatment effects, Israeli pupils will continue to be at risk of being exposed to unhelpful and potentially damaging SBIs.
H2O2-Responsive Antioxidant Nanoparticle Attenuates Whole Body Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Multi-Organ Damages
Authors: Li Ruijian , Rhee Sang Jae , Bae Soochan , Su Shi , Kang Chang-Sun , Ke Qingen , Koo Ye Eun , Ryu Chloe , Song Chul Gyu , Lee Dongwon , Kang Peter M.
Published: October 2020

Mortality and morbidity after cardiac arrest remain high due to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causing multi-organ damages, even after successful return of spontaneous circulation. We previously generated H2O2-activatable antioxidant nanoparticles formulated with copolyoxalate containing vanillyl alcohol (PVAX) to prevent I/R injury. In this study, we examined whether PVAX could effectively reduce organ damages in a rat model of whole-body ischemia/reperfusion injury (WBIR). To induce a cardiac arrest, 70µl/100 g body weight of 1 mmol/l potassium chloride was administered via the jugular venous catheter. The animals in both the vehicle and PVAX-treated groups had similar baseline blood pressure. After 5.5 minutes of cardiac arrest, animals were resuscitated via intravenous epinephrine followed by chest compressions. PVAX or vehicle was injected after the spontaneous recovery of blood pressure was noted, followed by the same dose of second injection 10 minutes later. After 24 hours, multiple organs were harvested for pathological, biochemical, molecular analyses. No significant difference on the restoration of spontaneous circulation was observed between vehicle and PVAX groups. Analysis of organs harvested 24 hours post procedure showed that whole body I/R significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis in multiple organs (heart, brain, and kidney). PVAX treatment effectively blocked ROS generation, reduced the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased apoptosis in these organs. Taken together, our results suggest that PVAX has potent protective effect against WBIR induced multi-organ injury, possibly by blocking ROS-mediated cell damage.
An Attachment-Based Parental Capacity Assessment to Orient Decision-Making in Child Protection Cases: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Cyr Chantal , Dubois-Comtois Karine , Paquette Daniel , Lopez Leonor , Bigras Marc
Published: October 2020

Two parenting capacity assessment (PCA) protocols, with a short parent-child intervention embedded in each protocol, evaluated the potential for enhanced parenting to orient child placement decision. Parents ( n = 69), with substantiated reports of maltreatment by child protective services, and their children (0–6) were randomly assigned to one of two PCAs with either the Attachment Video-feedback (PCA-AVI) or a psychoeducational intervention (PCA-PI) as the embedded intervention component. The PCA-AVI group showed the highest increases in parent-child interaction quality at post-test. Also, at PCA completion, evaluators’ conclusions about the parents’ capacity to care for both PCA groups were associated with parent-child interactive improvements at post-test, the court’s placement decision at post-test, and child placement one year later. However, only conclusions drawn by PCA-AVI evaluators were predictive of child re-reports of maltreatment in the year following PCA. PCAs, relying on short attachment interventions to assess the potential for enhanced parenting, are promising tools to orient child placement decisions.
Ibrutinib treatment via alternative administration in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and dysphagia
Authors: DiSogra Kristyn Y , Tran Thuy , Arnall Justin R , Janes Amanda , Moore Donald C , Park Steven I
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Ibrutinib is a small molecule inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase indicated for the treatment of a variety of B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. These indolent hematologic malignancies are considered diseases of the elderly, a population that may have dysphagia leading to difficulty swallowing tablets and capsules. Ibrutinib is currently not available in a liquid oral dosage form. We report the utilization and clinical outcomes associated with alternative administration of ibrutinib capsules in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and significant dysphagia.

Case report

An 86-year old female requiring chronic lymphocytic leukemia-directed therapy due to a rising absolute lymphocyte count and worsening, transfusion-dependent anemia with a past medical history of dementia and dysphagia, was initiated on ibrutinib.

Management & outcome

Due to the patient’s significant inability to swallow, ibrutinib capsules were administered via an alternative method by opening them and sprinkling onto soft food or applesauce. With ibrutinib therapy, the patient has had a significant clinical response in her chronic lymphocytic leukemia as evidenced by her decreased absolute lymphocyte count and achieving transfusion independence with improvements in hemoglobin.

Discussion

Ibrutinib administration via this alternative method resulted in an initial clinical response in the treatment of our patient’s chronic lymphocytic leukemia as evidenced by a decreasing absolute lymphocyte count and improved anemia that achieved transfusion independence. The patient has maintained this response to therapy after approximately 1 year at the time of manuscript preparation.
Panuveitis in patient on ipilimumab/nivolumab combination for small-cell lung cancer treated with an intravitreal dexamethasone implant
Authors: L Hefler Jade , M Bailey Lauren , El Rahi Cynthia , C Schefler Amy , Bernicker Eric H
Published: October 2020

Background

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has demonstrated durable responses and remarkable antitumor effects in a variety of cancers. Although these agents are generally well-tolerated, patients can experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that require prompt recognition by healthcare providers. Immune-related ocular toxicities are rare, but serious adverse events have been reported with the use of checkpoint inhibitors. Case presentation: Here, we describe a rare case of panuveitis during Nivolumab and Ipilimumab combination treatment in a patient being treated for recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). The patient was managed with an injection of Ozurdex (Allergan, Madison, NJ), a dexamethasone intravitreal implant. The patient had a resolution of inflammation and an improvement in her vision and was able to resume nivolumab monotherapy without recurrence of the panuveitis.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of early recognition of ocular irAEs by ocular oncologists and the successful approach to treatment of immunotherapy-induced panuveitis in order to avoid permanent cessation of therapy.
Convergent and Predictive Associations of Three Measures of Pedophilic Interest
Authors: McPhail Ian V. , Olver Mark E. , Nicholaichuk Terry P. , Haynes Andy
Published: October 2020

Pedophilic interest is a central risk factor for sexual offending against children. Multiple measures exist to assess pedophilic interest, and the present study aims to provide validity evidence for three of these measures in a sample of men convicted of sexual offenses. The association between a phallometric test for pedophilic interest, the Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interest (SSPI), and the sexual deviance factor of the Violence Risk Scale–Sexual Offense (VRS-SO) version was examined in a sample of 261 men who participated in sexual violence reduction services. The association between these measures and sexual recidivism, both as sole predictors and while controlling for static risk, was also assessed. The second aim of the study was to examine the validity of different methods for modeling the distribution of pedophilic interests, using phallometric test scores, based on the findings in recent taxometric research. The measures generally showed a positive and moderate relationship with each other and predicted sexual recidivism. However, the SSPI did not significantly predict sexual recidivism, and when controlling for static risk, only the VRS-SO Sexual Deviance factor significantly predicted this outcome. Modeling phallometric test scores continuously and trichotomously produced significant associations with sexual recidivism; however, only a trichotomous model with two levels remained predictive after controlling for static risk. The results are broadly supportive of measures of pedophilic interest and underscore the importance of appropriately modeling the latent structure of pedophilic interest.
Refusals, Re-Turns, and Retheorizations of Affective Literacies: A Thrice-Told Data Tale
Authors: Thiel Jaye Johnson , Dernikos Bessie P.
Published: October 2020

In this article, we playfully revisit the same data scene, but from three different perspectives. We call these revisits re-turns to data. These re-turns draw upon moments with young boys playing at a makerspace located in a multiracial, working-class community. This idea of re-turn is not simply about revisiting a data scene; it is about re-sensing the social and what it means to be human through feeling with blackness. We offer Crawley’s theory of sonic epistemologies as a way to think and feel blackness, that is, to create otherwise worlds/knowledges/subjects. We argue that tuning into the sonic—or feeling with blackness—can help literacy educators thinking with affect to sense and develop nonhumanist ways of knowing/being/doing literacy, while simultaneously acknowledging the potential dangers of reinscribing whiteness. We propose that retheorizing affect in relation to blackness is necessary for literacy education, research, and ultimately, collective healing and justice.
When Heroes and Villains Are Victims: How Different Withdrawal Strategies Moderate the Depleting Effects of Customer Incivility on Frontline Employees
Authors: Yue Yumeng , Nguyen Helena , Groth Markus , Johnson Anya , Frenkel Stephen
Published: October 2020

Withdrawal from work by frontline employees (FLEs) is generally perceived by managers as counterproductive or anti-service behavior. However, there may be detrimental effects of continuing to provide a service, particularly after an FLE has experienced incivility. The possible beneficial effects of withdrawal on frontline service employees’ well-being have rarely been investigated. In this article, we conducted two studies to examine the moderating role of on- and off-task withdrawal behaviors on the relationship between customer incivility and employees’ emotional exhaustion. In Study 1, we examined parking officers’ reactions to customer incivility. We found support for the role of off-task withdrawal as a resource-replenishing strategy, which mitigated the relationship between customer incivility and emotional exhaustion. In Study 2, we examined a sample of nurses in a large hospital to compare the replenishing potential of both on-task and off-task withdrawal strategies. We found that off-task withdrawal served a replenishing function, while on-task withdrawal aggravated nurses’ feeling of emotional exhaustion as a result of customer incivility. These results highlight different resource implications, including recovery benefits of short-term withdrawal behaviors at work, and provide important theoretical and practical implications for the management of customer incivility and frontline service employees’ well-being and performance.
The Temporality of Being NEET: A Longitudinal Study of NEET Occurrences among Young Adults in Denmark
Authors: Kleif Helle Bendix
Published: October 2020

The NEET concept has become standard vocabulary when addressing youth disengagement. Across countries, the definition is used to measure young adults at risk of social exclusion. Using sequence and clustering analyses on unique Danish register data, this article presents a longitudinal study of the temporal developments of NEET occurrences. This enables a critical assessment of the quality of the NEET concept as a proxy for measuring young adults at risk of social exclusion. The article demonstrates how four out of five young adults labelled NEET cannot be characterized as being at risk of social exclusion. Using quantitative analyses, the results confirm the criticism of the NEET concept in some of the qualitative literature and find that there is a need to discuss the applicability of the concept nationally to define who is at risk, as well as in cross-national comparisons of young adults not in employment, education or training.
Testing a Socioecological Model of Relapse and Recovery from Alcohol Problems
Authors: Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J , Witbrodt Jane , Mericle Amy A , Polcin Douglas L , Kaskutas Lee Ann
Published: October 2020

This study tests a socioecological model of relapse and recovery using latent class growth mixture modeling to identify neighborhood, social network and individual-level predictors of alcohol dependence trajectories among a large, longitudinal sample of problem drinkers recruited from substance use treatment settings. We identified four distinct alcohol dependence trajectories: Stable Recovery/Low (Class 1); Relapsing/Rising (Class 2); Late Recovery/Declining (Class 3); and Chronic/High (Class 4). Neighborhood context (poverty and density of bars), social network characteristics (less involvement with Alcoholics Anonymous [AA], continued affiliation with heavy drinkers), and individual predisposing (psychiatric severity) and need (returning to treatment) characteristics each distinguished individuals in the Relapsing/Rising class from individuals in the Stable Recovery/Low class. Social network characteristics (AA involvement and continued affiliation with heavy drinkers) were the primary distinguishing factors for individuals in the Chronic/High class compared to the Late Recovery/Declining class. Study findings can be used to promote recovery and help prevent relapse by: guiding development of community-level interventions to improve social and physical environments; identifying potentially modifiable factors (social network support for sobriety, participation in self-help) to reduce negative consequences among problem drinkers who remain in high-risk neighborhoods; and contributing to ongoing discussions about new and continued licensing of alcohol outlets and regulation of alcohol sales to prevent alcohol problems in high-risk areas and among high-risk people.
VoD platforms and prominence: a European regulatory approach
Authors: García Leiva Mª Trinidad
Published: October 2020

In a scenario of abundance of digital contents, audiovisual works need to be easily discovered to be consumed. Prominence, therefore, becomes essential. In Europe, the idea of giving prominence became key to address how works can be promoted after the adoption of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive in 2007. In light of the amendment of this norm, this article provides an overview of the regulation regarding prominence of Video on Demand (VoD) services at the European Union (EU) level. The aim is to analyse its transposition into national provisions to identify different approaches and characterize them according to their implications for the general interest. It is concluded that to guarantee and justify that certain contents are easy to discover by citizens in an overwhelming digital world, the formulation of principles-based rules can be an appropriate solution.
Hyphenated voices: The organization of racialized subjects in contemporary Danish public debate
Authors: Christensen Jannick Friis , Just Sine N. , Muhr Sara Louise
Published: October 2020

Applying a conceptual framework of hyphenation, understood as the organization of racialized subjects, this paper investigates rhetorical strategies for working existing hyphens as practiced within an Action Aid Denmark initiative to train young people to become public opinion leaders in anti-discrimination matters. We identify three such rhetorical strategies: (1) Silencing: Racialized subjects are organized by majority voices that speak of/for ‘the Other’; the training explicitly seeks to change the organization of public debate by working this hyphen. (2) Positioning: The main strategy for working the hyphen, as taught in the course, is to speak from a minority position, but in a manner that is recognizable to the majority. Thus, non-white participants are trained to speak with white voice; they become exceptions to the rule, tokens or role models when telling their stories in a scripted manner. And (3) Representing: In telling their own stories, the aspiring opinion leaders come to speak for racialized subjects as a group. Thus, the course (unwittingly) reproduces the current racialized organization of public space in the form of ‘benign discrimination’. On the basis of this analysis, the article advances postcolonial organization studies by demonstrating that hyphenation cannot be overcome, but must be engaged in a continuous process of re-working the hyphen. Thus, the task of researchers and practitioners alike is to show the constraints of current hyphenations and find strategies for organizing subjects in more equal and open relations.
The organizational inclusion turn and its exclusion of low-wage labor
Authors: van Eck Dide , Dobusch Laura , van den Brink Marieke
Published: October 2020

As most scholarly work on the conceptualization of organizational inclusion seems to be implicitly based on contexts of high-wage labor, this article investigates whether the common themes of organizational inclusion as identified by Shore et al. (2018) also align with the low-wage labor context. Our respective analysis identifies several mismatches between the current conceptualizations of organizational inclusion and the needs and interests of low-wage workers. Consequently, we offer suggestions for adapting these conceptualizations: by paying attention to (1) material and physical safety next to psychological safety, (2) opportunities of non-task-oriented involvement in the workgroup and (3) the recognition and accommodation of low-wage workers’ voices and needs. Furthermore, we argue to extend the scope of scholarly work on organizational inclusion by taking into account the broader (historical) social order and different stakeholders who influence the organizational processes of inclusion and exclusion. By engaging with the current “inclusion turn” and providing adaptations, this article contributes to a less “exclusive” conception of organizational inclusion as well as outlines where the organizational inclusion approach might come up against its own limits.
The acoustics of ancient catacombs in Southern Italy
Authors: Ciaburro Giuseppe , Berardi Umberto , Iannace Gino , Trematerra Amelia , Puyana-Romero Virginia
Published: October 2020

The catacombs, burial sites for early Christians, were constructed during the Roman Empire until the Christian religion was recognized in 313 AD. The catacombs were cementeries, which were organized according to precise rules and were dug into the ground on several levels, to occupy as little space as possible. The catacombs became places of worship as martyrs were buried in them. The catacombs were then abandoned with the barbarian invasions and the consequent construction of churches inside cities. The catacombs were rediscovered during the Renaissance period and became a place of renewed worship. In the present work, the acoustic characteristics of the catacombs of San Callisto in Rome, San Gennaro in Naples, and Vigna Cassia in Syracuse are discussed. The three selected catacombs differ by type of excavation and geometry. In particular, the catacombs of San Callisto are made of narrow corridors and small rooms; the catacombs of San Gennaro consist of large rooms with niches; the catacombs of Vigna Cassia are partly excavated in the tuff and partially occupy a disused aqueduct. The acoustic measurements were performed using an impulsive sound source. The description of the acoustic characteristics focuses on the reverberation time and the Speech Transmission Index. The results show that the reverberation time was always shorter than 1 second, confirming the reduced reverberation of these environments. Finally, the speech listening characteristics are particularly good, ensuring the suitable conditions for the prayer in these spaces.
Does prevention-focused integration lead to the triple aim? An evaluation of two new care models in England
Authors: Stokes Jonathan , Shah Vishalie , Goldzahl Leontine , Kristensen Søren Rud , Sutton Matt
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To examine the effectiveness of two integrated care models (‘vanguards’) in Salford and South Somerset in England, United Kingdom, in relation to patient experience, health outcomes and costs of care (the ‘triple aim’).

Methods

We used difference-in-differences analysis combined with propensity score weighting to compare the two care model sites with control (‘usual care’) areas in the rest of England. We estimated combined and separate annual effects in the three years following introduction of the new care model, using the national General Practice Patient Survey (GPPS) to measure patient experience (inter-organisational support with chronic condition management) and generic health status (EQ-5D); and hospital episode statistics (HES) data to measure total costs of secondary care. As secondary outcomes we measured proxies for improved prevention: cost per user of secondary care (severity); avoidable emergency admissions; and primary care utilisation.

Results

Both intervention sites showed an increase in total costs of secondary care (approximately £74 per registered patient per year in Salford, £45 in South Somerset) and cost per user of secondary care (£130–138 per person per year). There were no statistically significant effects on health status or patient experience of care. There was a more apparent short-term negative effect on measured outcomes in South Somerset, in terms of increased costs and avoidable emergency admissions, but these reduced over time.

Conclusion

New care models such as those implemented within the Vanguard programme in England might lead to unintended secondary care cost increases in the short to medium term. Cost increases appeared to be driven by average patient severity increases in hospital. Prevention-focused population health management models of integrated care, like previous more targeted models, do not immediately improve the health system’s triple aim.
Exercise and antiretroviral adherence in adults living with HIV: A systematic review
Authors: SantaBarbara Nicholas J , Swendeman Dallas , Arnold Elizabeth Mayfield , Nosrat Sanaz , Comulada Warren Scott
Published: October 2020

This systematic review assessed the relationship between exercise and ART adherence in adults living with HIV. A comprehensive search through June 2020 for relevant studies was conducted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. To be included, studies had to meet the following criteria: (a) published in a peer-reviewed journal; and (b) examined the relationship between exercise and ART adherence. A total of 4310 studies were identified, and nine were included. The majority (five out of nine) of studies found a significant and positive relationship between exercise and ART adherence. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Superdiversity as a trajectory of diversity in Norwegian early childhood education and care: From a collection of differences to participation and becoming
Authors: Sadownik Alicja R
Published: October 2020

This article uses the concept of ‘superdiversity’ as a lens through which various conceptualisations of diversity in Norwegian early childhood education and care policies and professionals’ understandings are made visible. Although Norwegian early childhood education and care is expected to highlight, value, and promote diversity and mutual respect, little has been written on how diversity is actually understood by professionals as part of early childhood education and care institutional practice. On the basis of interviews with 2 migration pedagogues, 10 early childhood education and care teachers, and 15 early childhood education and care teacher education students, the following conceptualisations of diversity were reconstructed: diversity as embodied by different children and families; diversity as a social context for every child’s becoming; and diversity as equal participation. Each of these accounts involved ways of working with children and families from minority and majority backgrounds, and ‘diversity as a social context for every child’s becoming’ seemed to be most in line with the Norwegian curriculum. The curriculum focuses on the process of formative development/becoming, which overlaps with and may be meaningfully supplemented by superdiversity. However, superdiversity as a sociological concept requires careful operationalisation in dialogue with the field and its empirics .
Children as capable: daily plans in a preschool community
Authors: Gleim Leslie , Iorio Jeanne Marie , Hamm Catherine , Sadler Kirsten
Published: October 2020

Quality, teaching and assessment in early childhood are often steeped in developmental logic and narrow understandings of teaching and learning. Pedagogy situated in agency and complexity disrupts these taken-for-granted narratives and offers multiple ways of teaching, learning and doing. In this article, the authors offer an example of these pedagogies through daily plans. Daily plans are a process of mark-making, deep listening and engagement with children’s theories of their everyday worlds. Further, they illustrate a reciprocal relationship between child and teacher, co-participating in learning and teaching. Through daily plans, children engage as capable, pedagogical intentions are made visible, and the complexity of teaching and learning is realized.
Nonviolent Discipline Options for Caregivers and Teachers: A Systematic Overview of the Evidence
Authors: Quail Karen R. , Ward Catherine L.
Published: October 2020

Violence against children is a widespread problem with devastating consequences, and corporal punishment is a risk factor for more serious forms of physical abuse. One reason for the persistence of corporal punishment may be the lack of awareness of positive disciplinary alternatives. Nonviolent options offered to caregivers and teachers must be effective in addressing challenging behavior, or they may be rejected in favor of a return to physical punishment. There is an urgent need to determine which discipline options are evidence-supported and what that evidence says so that robust alternatives to corporal punishment can be made available. The primary objective of this research was to find, and explore the state of the science on, individual nonviolent interventions for challenging behavior, in so doing forming a “tool kit” for use by caregivers and teachers. A systematic overview of systematic reviews was conducted. Included systematic reviews were peer-reviewed and published in English between 1999 and 2018. Screening, quality assessment using AMSTAR, and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. A total of 223 reviews were included, covering data from 3,921 primary studies. A wide range of evidence-supported interventions exist, many of which have been found effective with severely challenging behavior. Important positive outcomes shown suggest that the use of these tools should be promoted not only for the prevention of violence but also for optimum child development. More research is needed on the use of these methods in home situations and on de-escalation skills.
Social Validity Evaluation of the Hanen Program It Takes Two to Talk® in Spain
Authors: Senent-Capuz Nuria , Fortea Inmaculada Baixauli , Perales María J.
Published: October 2020

This study sought to assess the social validity of It Takes Two to Talk (ITTT)®—the Hanen Program for parents, delivered to families of children with language delays in Valencia, Spain. Social validity was assessed using a multi-method approach—questionnaires (filled out by the parents) and a focus group—at different times during the program and at follow-up. The acceptability of the procedures used in ITTT® was positive in terms of the program format and the didactic resources used, such as the video-recordings of the parent–child interactions. Parents also expressed their overall satisfaction with the results regarding changes in their communication style and the advances observed in their child’s language development. However, some suggestions were made to better meet the families’ needs related to the length of the program and distribution of the contents, the time devoted to individual training, and the adaptation to the context.
Development of 3D hollow woven fabrics with superior mechanical properties by using nitinol and steel wire core hybrid yarns
Authors: Yılmaz Elif , Altaş Sevda
Published: October 2020

In this study, nitinol and steel wire core hybrid yarns were produced from wires having two different diameters and used as warp yarns to weave 3D woven fabrics in two different fabric constructions. The steel bars with two different diameters were placed into the gaps between fabric layers to create a hollow form after fabric production. The fabrics produced with cold-worked nitinol wire were exposed to heat treatments at high temperatures to provide them shape memory property according to data obtained from DSC analysis. Conventional textile fibers are not durable to these temperatures; for this reason, carbon fiber was used both as sheath material of hybrid yarns and additionally as warp and weft carbon fiber yarns. All yarn and fabric tests were carried out simultaneously to evaluate the mechanical properties of nitinol and steel wire core hybrid yarns, and wire-reinforced fabrics. Tensile tests were applied to all wire and hybrid yarn samples, DSC and DMA analyses were conducted for only heat-treated nitinol wires. Low-velocity impact, tensile and pull-out tests were applied to fabric samples. Reference fabrics with no wire were produced and evaluated by comparing with wire-reinforced samples to provide a point of comparison to the data from the mechanical properties of wire-reinforced 3D fabrics. The study's results were analyzed with regression analysis using the backward method, and the parameters such as wire type, wire diameter, and fabric gap width for optimum fabric production were determined. Data obtained from all mechanical tests demonstrate that fabric samples with steel wire, thinner wire, and narrow gaps have better results than others. The effect of wire thickness was also found the same for the nitinol wire. DMA analyses show that the thinner nitinol wire is better than, the thicker one. Finally, an innovative technique has been developed in this study to weave carbon fiber on a conventional automatic sample loom without fiber breakage by twisting PVA yarn around the wire core hybrid and twisted carbon fiber yarns.
Examining Measurement Invariance of a School Climate Survey Across Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Whitehouse Anna , Zeng Songtian , Troeger Rebecca , Cook Amy , Minami Takuya
Published: October 2020

Positive school climate is a key determinant factor of students’ psychological well-being, safety, and academic achievement. Although researchers have examined the validity of school climate measures, there is a dearth of research investigating differences in student perceptions of school climate across race and ethnicity. This study evaluated the factor stability of a widely used school climate survey using factor analyses and measurement invariance techniques across racial/ethnic groups. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure for a school climate survey, and weak measurement invariance was found across Hispanic, Black, and White student groups (ΔCFI = .008). According to paired t tests, significant differences were found among racial/ethnic respondent groups across two factors: teacher and school effectiveness and sense of belonging and care. Validated school climate measures that are culturally and racially responsive to students’ experiences allow for accurate interpretations of school climate data. Discussion and implications are provided.
Remorseful Returns: What to Do With Returned Surface-Collected Items From National Park Service Units
Authors: Gallenstein Gwenn M.
Published: October 2020

Surface-collected artifacts, and natural features for that matter, have been and are being stolen from public lands by visitors. Some are returned, often with remorseful letters. Most of the returned objects have vague to no provenience. The letters offer perspectives into why materials are stolen and then returned, although the primary focus of the paper is on what happens to the returned items and physical letters themselves at the park level. I examine the broad range of items being stolen from and returned to National Park Service units, with a focus on the southwestern United States, and discuss how objects are returned, when these returned items began to appear in parks, how they are recorded, and their ultimate disposition within the parks. Currently, there are no nationwide standards or guidelines for how to treat these materials.
PDE-5i Management of Erectile Dysfunction After Rectal Surgery: A Systematic Review Focusing on Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Notarnicola Margherita , Celentano Valerio , Gavriilidis Paschalis , Abdi Bilal , Beghdadi Nassiba , Sommacale Daniele , Brunetti Francesco , Coccolini Federico , de’Angelis Nicola
Published: October 2020

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the main functional complications of surgical resections of the rectum due to rectal cancers or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The present systematic review aimed at revising ED management strategies applied after rectal resections and their efficacy in terms of improvement of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score. A literature search was conducted on Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases by two independent reviewers following the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials (RCTs, NRCTs), case-control studies, and case series evaluating medical or surgical therapies for ED diagnosed after rectal surgery for both benign and malignant pathologies were eligible for inclusion.

Out of 1028 articles initially identified, only five met the inclusion criteria: two RCTs comparing oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) versus placebo; one NRCT comparing PDE-5i versus PDE-5i + vacuum erection devices (VEDs) versus control; and two before-after studies on PDE-5i. A total of 253 (82.7%) rectal cancer patients and 53 (17.3%) IBD patients were included. Based on two RCTs, PDE-5i significantly improved IIEF compared to placebo at 3 months (SMD = 1.07; 95% CI [0.65, 1.48]; p < .00001; I2 = 39%). Improved IIEF was also reported with PDE-5i + VED at 12 months. There is a paucity of articles in the literature that specifically assess efficacy of ED treatments after rectal surgery. Many alternative treatment strategies to PDE-5is remain to be investigated. Future studies should implement standardized preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up sexual function assessment in patients undergoing rectal resections.
Development of an In Vitro Swan Neck Deformity Biomechanical Model
Authors: Haddara Mohammad M. , Fan Stacy , Matache Bogdan A. , Chinchalkar Shrikant J. , Ferreira Louis M. , Suh Nina
Published: October 2020

Background:

Injury to the finger’s extensor mechanism is a common cause of swan neck deformity (SND). Progression of extensor and flexor tendon imbalance negatively affects laxity of the volar plate, resulting in the inhibition of proper finger motion. The complexity of finger anatomy, however, makes understanding the pathomechanics of these deformities challenging. Therefore, development of an SND model is imperative to understand its influence on finger biomechanics and to provide an in vitro model to evaluate the various treatment options.

Methods:

The index, middle, and ring fingers from 8 cadaveric specimens were used in an in vitro active motion simulator to replicate finger flexion/extension. An SND model was developed through sectioning of the terminal extensor tendon at the distal insertion (creating a mallet finger) and transverse retinacular ligament (TRL). A strain gauge inserted under the volar plate measured laxity of the plate, and electromagnetic trackers recorded proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) angles.

Results:

Strain in the volar plate increased progressively with creation of the mallet and SND conditions ( P = .015). Although not statistically significant, the mallet finger condition accounted for 26% of the increase, whereas sectioning of the TRL accounted for 74% ( P = .031). As predicted, PIPJ hyperextension was not detectable by joint angle measurement; however, the PIPJ angle had a strong positive correlation with volar plate strain ( R2 = 1.0, P < .001).

Conclusion:

Volar plate strain measurement, in an in vitro model, can detect an induced SND. Moreover, as a surrogate for PIPJ hyperextension, volar plate strain may be useful to evaluate the time-zero effectiveness of various surgical interventions.
Efficacy and safety of embolization of dural arteriovenous fistulas via the ophthalmic artery
Authors: Mayercik Vera A , Sussman Eric S , Pulli Benjamin , Dodd Robert L , Do Huy M , Telischak Nicholas A , Marks Michael P , Steinberg Gary K , Chang Steven D , Heit Jeremy J
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are vascular lesions with arteriovenous shunting that may be treated with surgical obliteration or endovascular embolization. Some DAVF, such as anterior cranial fossa DAVF (AC-DAVF) derive their arterial supply from ophthalmic artery branches in nearly all cases, and trans-arterial embolization carries a risk of vision loss. We determined the efficacy and safety of trans-ophthalmic artery embolization of DAVF.

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients with DAVF treated by trans-ophthalmic artery embolization from 2012 to 2020. Primary outcome was angiographic cure of the DAVF. Secondary outcomes included vision loss, visual impairment, orbital cranial nerve injury, stroke, modified Rankin Scale at 90-days, and mortality.

Results

12 patients met inclusion criteria (9 males; 3 females). 10 patients had AC-DAVF. Patient age was 59.7  ±  9.5 (mean ± SD) years. Patients presented with intracranial hemorrhage (4 patients), headache (4 patients), amaurosis fugax (1 patients), or were incidentally discovered (2 patients). DAVF Cognard grades were: II (1 patient), III (6 patients), and IV (5 patients). DAVF were embolized with Onyx (10 patients), nBCA glue (1 patient), and a combination of coils and Onyx (1 patient). DAVF cure was achieved in 11 patients (92%). No patients experienced vision loss, death, or permanent disability. One patient experienced a minor complication of blurry vision attributed to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. 90-day mRS was 0 (10 patients) and 1 (2 patients).

Conclusions

Trans-ophthalmic artery embolization is an effective and safe treatment for DAVF.
Pushing the Limits of Child Participation in Research: Reflections from a Youth-Driven Participatory Action Research (YPAR) Initiative in Uganda
Authors: Ritterbusch Amy E. , Boothby Neil , Mugumya Firminus , Wanican Joyce , Bangirana Clare , Nyende Noah , Ampumuza Doreen , Apota John , Mbabazi Cate , Nabukenya Christine , Kayongo Adam , Ssembatya Fred , Meyer Sarah R.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Violence against children (VAC) in Uganda is recognized as an urgent dilemma; however, most research has been quantitatively oriented and has seldom involved children in the research process.

Objective:

We discuss what we learned about child participation in the research process as a means of informing ethical praxis in future child- and youth-led research initiatives. As an overarching aim of this paper, we utilize our engagement with YPAR as a springboard to reflect on methodological best practices for VAC research that involve children themselves as part of a movement to democratize the research process.

Participants and Setting:

The study includes street-connected children (40), sexually exploited children (19) and domestic workers (34) in Kampala.

Methods:

The YPAR team led participant observation, 52 semi-structured life history interviews, 31 auto-photographic exercises, and 4 focus groups. All data collection, analysis and dissemination activities were led by the YPAR team including four Ugandan street-connected youth between the ages of 16–25 and two Ugandan university-trained youth researchers.

Results:

The results are framed as a methodological reflection regarding the complexities and transformative potential of including children as researchers in the framework of YPAR.

Conclusions:

We urge scholars to create spaces for sustainable YPAR movements, both in academic and policy arenas, and to design participatory initiatives that prioritize knowledge produced by and for the improvement of children’s lives globally. We encourage challenging traditional, extractive research practices through participatory approaches that carve out spaces for child participation in research.
Visual–tactile object recognition of a soft gripper based on faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network and machining learning algorithm
Authors: Jiao Chenlei , Lian Binbin , Wang Zhe , Song Yimin , Sun Tao
Published: October 2020

Object recognition is a prerequisite to control a soft gripper successfully grasping an unknown object. Visual and tactile recognitions are two commonly used methods in a grasping system. Visual recognition is limited if the size and weight of the objects are involved, whereas the efficiency of tactile recognition is a problem. A visual–tactile recognition method is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of both methods in this article. The design and fabrication of the soft gripper considering the visual and tactile sensors are implemented, where the Kinect v2 is adopted for visual information, bending and pressure sensors are embedded to the soft fingers for tactile information. The proposed method is divided into three steps: initial recognition by vision, detail recognition by touch, and a data fusion decision making. Experiments show that the visual–tactile recognition has the best results. The average recognition accuracy of the daily objects by the proposed method is also the highest. The feasibility of the visual–tactile recognition is verified.
Parent councils, parent involvement, and parent satisfaction: Evidence from rural schools in China
Authors: Wei Feng , Ni Yongmei
Published: October 2020

Parents are one of the most important factors promoting children’s educational success. Using parent survey data from rural primary and middle schools in one county, this study examines the implementation of the parent councils (PCs) policy in rural China, specifically, the relationships among PCs, school-based parent involvement (PI), and parent satisfaction. Our analysis shows that not all schools have established PCs and only a small proportion of parents were aware of the existence of PCs. Multi-level mixed effects logistic regression results indicate that having a PC and perceiving a PC in school were both associated with improved parent-teacher communication and parent participation in various school activities. However, the magnitudes of the relationships were substantially higher in the models using perceived existence of PCs. Because of more frequent parent-teacher communication and parent participation in school activities, parent satisfaction levels were higher in schools with PCs, and the satisfaction levels were even higher in schools where parents were aware of the PC’s existence. The findings contribute to our understanding of the importance of PI and have implications for policymakers and school leaders to promote parent satisfaction by establishing PCs, raising the awareness of PCs among parents, and increasing meaningful school-based PI.
The Study of Prosocial Emotions in Early Childhood: Unique Opportunities and Insights
Authors: Hepach Robert , Vaish Amrisha
Published: October 2020

The study of young children’s prosocial emotions, especially as they regulate children’s social interactions toward cooperative ends, is burgeoning. We join Algoe (2020) and Tsang (2020) in their assessment that early ontogeny provides a unique window into the study of prosocial emotions, and that the behavioural methods developed to study prosocial emotions in young children could productively be employed across the lifespan. One particularly intriguing question moving forward is to what degree the role of prosocial emotions within kin relationships is comparable to or different from the functions they fulfil in regulating cooperative relationships with nonkin (peers).