bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MALFORMATION UTERINE ET RCIU : A PROPOS DE TROIS CAS
Authors:   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc., Mohamed Zeine N. , Mohamed Mahmoud B. ,   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc., Med Lemine M. ,   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc., Saoud K. ,   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc., Mamouni N. ,   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc., Errarhay S. ,   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc., Bouchikhi C. ,   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc., Banani A. ,   Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique I, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Maroc.
Published: April 2021

Introduction :La frequence des malformations uterines est estimee entre 0,5 et 4 %. Ces anomalies peuvent avoir des repercussions sur levolution de la conception. Patients et observation :Nous rapportons trois cas de RCIU associee a un oligoamniossecondaire a des malformations uterines decouvertes en per operatoire type : uterus pseudo unicorne dans 02 cas et un uterus bicorne bi cervicalpour le troisieme cas. Discussion :Lincidence des anomalies uterines congenitalesdans une population fertile est de 3,2 %.On retrouve dans 38% des cas une malformation de larbre urinaire associee. Toutes ces anomalies peuvent avoir des repercussions sur levolution de la conception a type de fausses couches precoces et tardives, de grossesse extra-uterine, de menace daccouchement premature, daccouchement premature, de pathologies vasculaires gravidiques et de retard de croissance intra-uterin. Laugmentation de lincidence des presentations dystociques est en effet decrite par de nombreux auteurs. Dautres auteurs rapportent que Les nouveau-nes de meres avec uterusmalforme avaient un poids moyen de naissance plus faible. Conclusion : Lesmalformations uterines congenitales sont relativement frequentes et souvent asymptomatiques. Ces malformations uterines ont un impact sur la croissance fÅ“tale avec taux elevee de RCIU.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THESEEDS OFCUCUMEROPSIS EDULIS(CUCURBITACEAE) FROM MOMO IN GABON
Authors:   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, B.P. 17009 Libreville, Gabon., Abessolo D.D Mefouet , Mebale A.J Abogo ,   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, B.P. 17009 Libreville, Gabon., Akue G. Nsi ,   Laboratoire des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LASCIVIT), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, B.P. 17009 Libreville, Gabon., Mve J. Allogho ,   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, B.P. 17009 Libreville, Gabon., Dibama H. Massimba ,   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, B.P. 17009 Libreville, Gabon., J.A Ondo ,   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, B.P. 17009 Libreville, Gabon.
Published: April 2021

This paper describes results of phytochemical analyses and antioxidant activity of the seeds ofCucumeropsis edulis. For phytochemical analyses, extraction was performed with the same powder using different solvents: Acetone the first, ethyl acetate the second and methanol the last. Aqueous extract was used for evaluation of antioxidant activity. The results obtained show the abundance of polyphenols, gallic tannins and alkaloids in all extracts. Reducing compounds are present in ethyl acetate and acetonic extracts and leucoanthocyans are present in methanolic extract only. The results (IC50 = 2249Â± 87,03 Âµg/mL AAI = 0,022 Â± 0,001) of evaluation of antioxidant activity are very low.
Vulneración a la integridad física de personas mayores: prevalencia del maltrato y factores asociados
Authors: Agudelo-Cifuentes Maite-Catalina , Cardona Doris , Segura Angela , Restrepo-Ochoa Diego , Muñoz Rodríguez Diana , Segura Alejandra , Jaramillo Daniel
Published: April 2021

El envejecimiento poblacional que experimenta actualmente América Latina trae consigo retos para la sociedad, como la prevención de la vulneración a los derechos humanos y libertades de las personas mayores y la eliminación de todas las formas de maltrato. La prevalencia de maltrato físico a personas mayores fue de 4,1%. Se presentó principalmente en mujeres, personas sin pareja y con ingreso económico. Además, fue más prevalente en personas mayores con riesgo de depresión, antecedentes de pensamientos suicidas, insatisfacción con la salud y que convivían con familias disfuncionales. Los hallazgos de esta investigación muestran como las relaciones familiares pueden ser un factor clave a la hora de abordar la problemática del maltrato; además, las graves repercusiones que generan estos hechos sobre la víctima, como afectaciones no solo a la salud física sino también mental.
The impact of translanguaging and acculturation towards implementation of the Incremental Indigenous African Languages programme in former Model-C schools (Alfred Nzo West District, Eastern Cape)
Authors:   , Lepheana Jeremia
Published: April 2021

This thesis explores the possibilities of multilingual language instruction within multi-ethnic classrooms in former Model-C schools shaped by multiple discursive practices. The researcher reviews current research on multilingualism and teaching and proposes strategies for overcoming the English prescriptivism, and monolingual mind-set in education. The research reported in this dissertation is both a qualitative and quantitative study, which sought to investigate the patterns of translanguaging in classrooms in five primary schools in Alfred Nzo West district (Maluti sub-district). In quantitative research, questionnaires were used to gather data from teachers and learners. In the qualitative research methodology, document analysis method of collecting data was employed. Purposive sampling was the major sampling method to ensure that relevant data was collected. Language in Education Policy formed the major analytical framework for this study. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of translanguaging as it is used by teachers and learners in the class in selected primary schools in Alfred Nzo West district. The research focuses on how primary school learners and their teachers engage with teaching and learning, and the strategies that teachers use to promote the use of two or three languages in classrooms to help learners to understand content and concepts in English, Sesotho and isiXhosa as there are multi-ethnic classrooms in the district. The dissertation concludes with some reflections on the findings, implications of the findings for future research and training, and recommendations to use the languages of school children as rich resources for teaching and learning. The Socio-cultural theory formed the theoretical framework that guided this study. According to Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development, children learn through social interaction that includes collaborative and cooperative dialogue with someone who is more skilled in tasks they are trying to learn. The findings of this study show the misunderstandings of the LiEP, translanguaging and multilingual education. The study also shows the lack of confidence in the ability of African languages to provide quality education.
Methanolic Extract of Rhinella marina Poison: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities
Authors: Pelissari Sheila , Sinhorin Valéria , Castoldi Lindsey , de Vasconcelos Leonardo , Rodrigues Domingos , Ribeiro Eloana , Kerkhoff Jacqueline , Sinhorin Adilson
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the chemical composition, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities, and histopathological analysis of mice tissues treated with methanolic extract from R. marina poison. Marinobufagin, telecinobufagin and bufalin were identified in the chemical profile. The biochemical results demonstrated an effect between doses in the period of 7 days, an immunomodulatory effect was observed regarding the production capacity of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 7 and 30 days, respectively. The lower dose suggests better bioactivity to the treated animal than the higher dose. Histopathological analyses of the lung, heart, kidney and liver showed tissue damage in all organs, mainly in the lung, and were proportional to the dose and the treatment period. We observed that the treatment modulated cytokine production, and therefore this effect may be related to the tissue damage observed. This study demonstrates a positive effect in the antioxidant and immune system, indicating that the molecules found in the extract have biotechnological potential.
Changes in the elasticity of the vascular wall of arteries and markers of angiopathy on the background of long statin therapy in patients with arterial hypertension with high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Mikhin Vadim P. , Vorotyntseva Valeria V. , Gromnatsky Nikolai I. , Anikin Viktor V.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To determine the comparative effectiveness of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in relation to individual biochemical and functional markers of vascular wall remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension of high cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. The study included 140 patients with stage II of arterial hypertension (AH), II-III degree of severity with the duration of the disease from 5 to 12 years, who, against the background of antihypertensive therapy (enalapril 20-40 mg/day, indapamide retard 1.5 mg, metoprolol 100-150 mg/days) received atorvastatin 20 mg/day for 1 year, subsequently it was replaced by rosuvastatin 10, 20, 40 mg / day. The dose regimen was determined by achieving the target level of cholesterol (CS) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Results. Taking atorvastatin for 1 year was accompanied by a decrease in the value of the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) by 14.4%, the augmentation index (AI) - by 10.3%. The replacement of atorvastatin with rosuvastatin was accompanied by a further decrease in the R-CAVI value: by 10.8% (20 mg/day) and 14.4% (40 mg/day). The use of atorvastatin for 1 year was accompanied by a decrease in both C-reactive protein (CRP) (by 26.0%) and osteopontin (OP) (by 22.8%). A further decrease in the concentration of CRP by 18 months of rosuvastatin therapy is recorded when using mean and high doses (20-40 mg/day). Differences in the severity of changes in CRP level between the groups were significant (p<0.05). The level of OP in comparison with the beginning of rosuvastatin decreased by 32.9%. Differences in the degree of reduction of OP when taking rosuvastatin between the groups were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion. Rosuvastatin in various dosage regimens with long-term use in patients with arterial hypertension with a high vascular risk reduces the content of CRP and OP in blood, reduces the CAVI and the AI, and is more effective than 20 mg atorvastatin a day.
Skin biopsy as a method for determining indications for preventive endoprosthetics of the anterior abdominal wall
Authors: Lazarenko Viktor A. , Ivanov Sergey V. , Ivanov Ilya S. , Ob’edkov Evgeny G. , Grigor'ev Nikolay N. , Ivanova Inna A. , Ob’edkova Natalya Yu. , Ushanov Alexander A.
Published: April 2021

The aim is to examine the effectiveness of preoperative skin biopsy method to determine indications for preventive endoprosthesis implantation of the anterior abdominal wall based on structural features of connective tissue. Materials and methods. The study included 17 patients who had been planned to undergo a scheduled surgery such as video laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The histological material was collected with DERMO PUNCH biopsy needles in an outpatient clinic. Using polarized light microscopy we inspected histological slices coloured with Sirius red. After that we analyzed histological sections including the ratio of collagen fibers, the density of connective tissue and the number of interfibrous spaces. Results. All the studied features of connective tissue dysplasia had been registered among 18% of patients; significant differences (p ≤0.05) had been identified among other 24% of patients. In patients with identified signs of connective tissue dysplasia, an increase in type III collagen fibers and a decrease in type I fibers were revealed, which directly resulted in a decrease in their ratio. In addition, this category of patients noted a decrease in the density of connective tissue and a significant number of interfibrous spaces. Conclusion. Skin biopsy is a safe and informative method to reveal patients with predisposition to the formation of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall based on structural features of connective tissue and to determine indications for preventive endoprosthetic implantation. This method will reduce the frequency of postoperative ventral hernias, so the effectiveness of the treatment will definitely increase.
Mitigation of the effects of climate change in the agricultural sector of Cyprus, through optimization of benefit
Authors: Economidou Y. , Doula M. K. , Zorpas A. A.
Published: April 2021

Water scarcity has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, and it usually constitutes the main criterion for the continuation of agricultural activity. The Cyprus agri-sector faces increasing challenges since water resources are very limited and particularly susceptible to climate change. As total profit highly depends on cultivation patterns, the present study aims to define the optimal pattern of agricultural crops in Cyprus. A linear programming model is set up to maximize the net profit of annual and permanent crops. As for the constraints, these include limitations on land and water availability under four different scenarios, provided that production secures current consumption of (1) domestic products, (2) domestic and imported products, (3) domestic products but under a 40% decrease in water availability and (4) domestic products but limited to only traditional, tropical and subtropical crops, under a 40% decrease in water availability. The results indicate that when using an optimal cultivation pattern, economic benefit increases by 120%, 62%, 20%, and 48%, based on Scenarios 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, the results are considered useful and directly applicable for policy makers to redesign their strategy in light of water scarcity.
A (in)visibilidade da Educação Especial no currículo: os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos de licenciatura do Instituto Federal de Goiás
Authors: Souza Calixto Júnior de
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPCs) e as matrizes curriculares da formação inicial de professores do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás (IFG), de modo a analisar e discutir como se constitui a disciplina de Educação Especial nos cursos de licenciaturas estudados. Para tanto, adotou-se como percurso metodológico uma pesquisa documental com um caráter de estudo exploratório, pautada por um estudo de caso; dessa forma, pautou-se na análise dos PPCs, das matrizes curriculares e das resoluções pertinentes ao IFG enquanto corpus que contribuem para a articulação da formação inicial de professores desta instituição. No que se refere aos PPCs do IFG, foram analisados 19 (dezenove) cursos de licenciatura, sendo que somente dois Campi possuem a disciplina de Educação Especial enquanto mediadora dos conhecimentos atinentes ao processo de inclusão escolar e, portanto, atentando-se para alguns elementos das disciplinas, como, por exemplo, as disciplinas que são ministradas e, também, sua carga horária. Torna-se cada vez mais urgente a busca de uma formação de professores crítica e consciente ao processo de inclusão escolar com vistas a construir um alicerce educativo e com uma natureza inclusiva.
Association Between Biofilm Formation Gene Bla exoU and Metallo and
Extend Spectrum Beta-lactamase Production of Multidrug Resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Clinical Samples
Authors: Ali Fattma Abodi
Published: April 2021

Background:

The presence of biofilm formation exoU gene is significant challenge to infection control management in hospitals and exposure by Pseudomonas aeruginosa may lead to further spread and development of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods:

Out of 227 samples 40 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from patients attending public hospitals ( Rizgary, Teaching hospital, Laboratory center, Raparin, Nanakaly hospitals)in Erbil city/Iraq over a period during 2018 to march 2019 and fully characterized by standard bacteriological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility test and ESBL has been carried out by Vitek 2 compact system and. by Vitek 2 compact system. The identification has been verified by all isolates as P. aeruginosa by using 16S rDNA with product size (956pb).

Results:

A high rate of resistance was seen against Penicillin and lincomycin and Piperacillin and chloramphenicol and rifampicin (100 %), whereas Imipenem (5%) were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. Of all P. aeruginosa isolates, 30 (75% %) were identified as MDR, approximately 9(22.5%) of isolates were resistant to 9 drugs in burn samples. Quantitative biofilm determination using the Congo red method revealed that 28 isolates (70%) produced biofilm, biofilm production was significantly higher among MDR P. aeruginosa isolates while coproduction of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) together with Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) ESBLs MBLs recorded in (52.5%) of the isolates. Altogether 40 isolates were processed for analysis by PCR assays and showed that 26(70%) of P. aeruginosa isolates harboured the exoU encoding gene with product size (204) pb was more commonly seen in isolates obtained from burn isolates. In addition, exo U gene was significantly associated with the higher MDR (80%), 8 isolates (76.9%)had exoU gene with ESBL and( 65%) had MBL and the same for MDR (80.8%) in samples for burning.

Conclusion:

Our results showed surveillance of P. aeruginosa resistance against antimicrobial and ESBL and MBL is fundamental to monitor trends in susceptibility patterns and appropriately guide clinicians in choosing empirical or directed therapy.
Radioprotective Role of Natural Polyphenols: From Sources to Mechanisms
Authors: Hussain Syed M. , Adnan Muhammad , Rasul Azhar , Shah Muhammad A. , Hussain Ghulam , Asrar Muhammad , Riaz Ammara , Sarfraz Iqra , Hussain Arif , Khorsandi Khatereh , Lai Ngit S.
Published: April 2021

The identification and development of radioprotective agents have emerged as a subject matter of research during recent years due to the growing usage of ionizing radiation in different areas of human life. Previous work on synthetic radioprotectors has achieved limited progress because of the numerous issues associated with toxicity. Compounds extracted from plants have the potential to serve as lead candidates for developing ideal radioprotectors due to their low cost, safety, and selectivity. Polyphenols are the most abundant and commonly dispersed group of biologically active molecules possessing a broad range of pharmacological activities. Polyphenols have displayed efficacy for radioprotection during various investigations and can be administered at high doses with lesser toxicity. Detoxification of free radicals, modulating inflammatory responses, DNA repair, stimulation of hematopoietic recovery, and immune functions are the main mechanisms for radiation protection with polyphenols. Epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, apigenin, caffeic acid phenylethylester, and silibinin provide cytoprotection together with the suppression of many pro-inflammatory cytokines owing to their free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, gallic acid, and rutin's radioprotective properties are regulated primarily by the direct or indirect decline in cellular stress. Thus, polyphenols may serve as potential candidates for radioprotection in the near future; however, extensive investigations are still required to better understand their protection mechanisms.
Endogenous Cardiotonics: Search and Problems
Authors: Kolpakov Arkady R. , Knyazev Roman A.
Published: April 2021

Medicinal preparations currently used for the treatment of patients with chronic cardiac
failure involve those that reduce the heart load (vasodilators, diuretics, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors). Cardiotonic drugs with the cAMP-dependent
mechanism are unsuitable for long-term administration due to the intensification of metabolic processes
and an increase in the oxygen demand of the myocardium and all tissues of the body. For
many years, digoxin has remained the only preparation enhancing the efficiency of myocardial performance.
The detection of digoxin and ouabain in intact animals has initiated a search for other
compounds with cardiotonic activity. The review summarizes current data on the effect exerted on
the heart performance by endogenous compounds, from simple, such as NO and CO, to steroids,
fatty acids, polypeptides, and proteins. Controversial questions and problems with the introduction
of scientific achievements into clinical practice are discussed. The results obtained by the authors
and their colleagues after many years of studies on the cardiotropic properties of serum lipoproteins
are also reported. The experimentally established cardiotonic activity of apoprotein A-1,
which is accompanied by a decrease in the relative consumption of oxygen, maybe of great interest.
Clinical Translation of Anti-aging Associated Genetics: Current Progress and Challenges
Authors: Wang Yi
Published: April 2021

Background:

Currently, the focus of anti-aging research has been changed from geriatrics
to biogerontology. This has taken anti-aging strategies from cost-effective but palliative therapeutics
to active, molecular approaches.

Outline:

Over the years, a large body of basic gerontological research has indicated that the process
of biological aging is closely associated with genetic factors. This leads to the development of
various gene therapies such as RNA interference technology and results in a subsequent need for
translating laboratory achievements into clinical applications. The translation has been a tremendous
challenge at this stage with respect to the practicality, safety, and effectiveness of the genetic
manipulation techniques.

Objective:

This review summarizes the current development of anti-aging strategies and the progress
in the translation of laboratory achievements into clinical applications, highlights challenges
encountered, and provides a prospective outlook for future anti-aging research.
Cultural Practices Regarding the Management of Infant Colic by Women in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Bele Aluwani A. , Shilubane Hilda N. , Lowane Mygirl P. , Nkhwashu Enneth T.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Infant colic is a self-limiting condition reported in the past decade. It is a syndrome distinguished by uncontrollable crying in a healthy baby and begins in the early weeks of life and settles around six months. This study aimed to explore the understanding of infant colic and the cultural practices regarding its management by women in a particular village of Limpopo province in South Africa.

Methods:

A qualitative phenomenological, exploratory and descriptive design was used to explore cultural practices regarding the management of infant colic by women at the particular village of Vhembe District, Limpopo province. Participants were selected based on their availability or accessibility for study purpose. Data was collected through unstructured interview, observational notes and field notes from 16 participants. The central question was: “What is your understanding of infant colic, and how do you manage it?” Tesch’s eight steps of open-coding was used to analyse data. Ethical clearance to conduct the study was obtained from the University of Venda Research Ethics Committee. The local authorities permitted interaction with the participants in the villages. The trustworthiness of the study was ensured through credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability.

Results:

The misconceptions about infant colic, use of self-medication, cultural norms, taking the baby to the traditional and religious practitioners emerged during the analysis.

Conclusion:

The traditional approach to managing infant colic not be ignored because their forefathers discovered the formula, and it must be included and respected by citizens in the country.
Biodegradation Study of Potato Starch-Based Bioplastic
Authors: Kundu Rajen , Payal Priyanka
Published: April 2021

Background:

Plastics are indispensable for our society. The extensive use of petroleumbased
plastic and dumping of the same in soil and water body greatly affects our environment and
biodiversity. However, biodegradable plastics can reduce the volume of waste in packaging
materials. Therefore, biomass-derived polymers are promising alternatives to the petroleum-based
non-degradable polymer to address the environmental issues.

Objective:

A large number of reports on the synthesis and characterization of starch-based
bioplastic are available in the literature. However, a detailed biodegradation study of the starchbased
bioplastic is rarely reported. We have prepared potato starch-based bioplastic with the
combination of various plasticizers (glycerol, sorbitol, and xylitol) through hydrogel formation and
carried out their biodegradation study.

Method:

Present study investigated the biodegradation of potato starch-based bioplastic in the
natural environment, in cultured bacteria, and with fungal α-amylase.

Results:

Starch-based plastic is completely degraded in the natural environment within two
months. Bacteria culture in solid media resulted in various types of bacterial colonies. Among the
various bacterial colonies, the white circular colony was the major bacteria that degrade starchbased
plastic. Furthermore, we screened the starch-based plastic degrading bacteria and isolated the
pure culture through the streak plate method.

Conclusion:

In the presence of cultured bacteria and with fungal α-amylase, starch-based plastic is
completely degraded within 96 h and 48 h, respectively.
Research Progress of Advanced Oxidation Water Treatment Technology
Authors: Sun Y.
Published: April 2021

The rapid development of the industry has brought environmental deterioration. The contradiction between industrial development and environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. How to degrade various complex pollutants in water effectively is one of the keys to solve this contradiction. Reasonable treatment and disposal of pollutants to make them harmless to the environment has important practical significance. Advanced oxidation Processes (AOPs) has been gradually applied in the field of water treatment due to its advantages of high treatment efficiency, strong oxidation intensity, no secondary pollution and its capacity to degrade varieties of organic pollutants from wastewater. The oxidative degradation mechanism of AOPs was analyzed in this paper. The future development trend of the advanced oxidation technology was prospected, and the best treatment method for water treatment technologies was sought.
Recent Developments of Membrane Technology for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Gaikwad M.S.
Published: April 2021

The worldwide one major and important issue is the increasing shortage of freshwater. Water is polluted by various category of pollutant such as heavy metal, organic toxic chemical, dyes and others. In such situation providing better solutions for water treatment is a major challenge for researchers. Various techniques have been used in wastewater treatment applications but among those techniques the membrane technology is the most promising technology. This chapter contains recent progress of membrane technology for advanced wastewater treatment, is systematically summarize. This review includes introduction about different membrane technology such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). Current status of each membrane separation techniques, membrane cleaning techniques, challenges and promising solutions for various wastewater treatment have been discussed.
Simulation Models for Solar Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Rizwan M.
Published: April 2021

Semiconducting materials have dominated the photovoltaic industry for a long time. The advancement in solar cell technology is significantly influenced by computer modelling, designing and simulations of the semiconductor materials used for the device operation. Different modelling techniques including one, two and three dimensional models had been employed to comprehend the device operation of solar cell and other electronic devices based on semiconductor materials such as silicon and gallium arsenide. The performance of computing power is increasing with the passage of time in order to improve modelling and designing of different semiconductor materials for solar cell devices. In this chapter, different reported semiconductor materials, their standard characteristics and basic history of modelling, standard models used in photovoltaic industry and principles of modelling such as carrier statistics, transitions, band structure and mobility are explained in detail. Different characteristics of semiconductor material like the carrier transportation, carrier statistics, band structure, and heavy doping effect and carrier generations are described with respect to material modelling.
Case Report: Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) in a 13-Month-Old Female
Authors: Hanggara Dian Sukma , Desyi Desyi
Published: April 2021

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis or LCH and Myelodysplastic syndrome or MDS in children are rare diseases. It is estimated to be 1 to 4 cases per 1 million population and less than 5% of hematologic cases. MDS in LCH can occur due to genetic predisposition, impaired cytokine production, or secondary to chemotherapy.Â  The article reported a patient case of a 13-month-old female who came to hospital with paleness since two weeks before admission. The patient also experienced skin redness, abdominal distention, and weight loss. From the physical examination, anemia, maculopapular rash, and hepatosplenomegaly were obtained. From the laboratory test, anemia of hypochromic anisopoikilocytosis, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia were obtained. On examination of bone marrow aspiration, MDS with Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood type or RCC was obtained. Positive results confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis on CD68 and S100 in histopathological examinations.
Vacunas y vacunación contra el COVID-19
Authors: Hernández Fernández Javier
Published: April 2021

Nos enfrentamos a la pandemia de COVID-19 causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, descrito en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, en diciembre de 2019. El virus rápidamente se dispersó a 180 países desde septiembre de 2020, produciendo algo más de 33 millones de casos y un millón de muertes en todo el mundo.
Revisión taxonómica del género Meriania (Melastomataceae) en Colombia
Authors: Mendoza Cifuentes Humberto
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Meriania cuenta con 120 especies neotropicales, 51 de ellas en Colombia. En este trabajo se aborda la revisión taxonómica del género para Colombia; se documentan especies, subespecies y sinónimos nuevos. Métodos: Se revisaron y evaluaron 660 ejemplares de Meriania de 24 herbarios de Colombia, Ecuador, Estados Unidos de América e Inglaterra y se consultaron los protólogos e imágenes de ejemplares tipo en JSTOR Global Plants de las especies presentes en Colombia. Se establece una descripción detallada del género, una clave de identificación, descripciones, ilustraciones, mapas de distribución y categorías de amenaza para cada una de las especies presentes en Colombia. Resultados clave: Meriania se caracteriza por presentar pétalos ≥9 mm de largo, estambres no geniculados, anteras en estambres opositipétalos con poros dorsalmente inclinados, frutos capsulares y semillas con embrión recto. Se describen dos especies nuevas (M. neillii y M. ramosii) y tres subespecies nuevas de M. macrophylla (M. macrophylla subsp. antioquiensis, M. macrophylla subsp. franciscana y M. macrophylla subsp. peltata). Se establecen 18 sinónimos nuevos y se realizan 19 lectotipificaciones. Las especies en Colombia se distribuyen en la región Andina (34 spp.), en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (2 spp.) y en el Escudo Guayanés-Orinoquia (2 spp.), entre 100 y 3700 m s.n.m. Se documenta la categoría de amenaza para 31 especies, mientras que seis no se categorizaron por su mayor distribución en otros países. Conclusiones: Con la presente revisión, Meriania queda constituido por 102 especies, 37 de ellas presentes en Colombia. Las andinas (33 spp.) se pueden considerar dentro del grupo de Meriania s.s., mientras que cuatro de zonas bajas del Magdalena Medio y Escudo Guayanés-Orinoquia, podrían considerarse a futuro como géneros distintos con base en caracteres de las anteras, número de lóculos del ovario y disposición de los rudimentos seminales.
Assessing the user’s needs in urban open space of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Tadesse Feven Hailu , Erçin Çilen ,   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
Published: April 2021

Public open spaces are standard chosen stations, where individuals can come together and partake in shared activities. Also, the overall purposes of open spaces are cultural and social involvement, integration of nature into a city, and promoters of a healthy lifestyle. However, Addis Ababa as the capital city of Ethiopia has been giving little contemplation to open space from government and private division. Which has led to the obliteration of the remaining open spaces leaving them to disappear. Meskel Square was taken as a case area for further investigation to specify the major cause of isolation, it has been a historical landmark and is located in the center of the city. The site was an eminent meet point for economic, social, and political use during the emperor Haileslase period but over the years it has remarkably reduced in numbers of users, and yet only a few discussions have been made in regards to the context of public open space and its relation to well beings of society in Ethiopia as a whole. Through studying related literature reviews, carrying out cross-sectional studies, physical observations, and analysis of the selected square the paper was able to identify the principal issues. The findings of the research showed the lack of awareness given to the subject, therefore accompanying the deficiency of up-to-date remodeling of the public space and inadequacy of proper physical features.
Обнаружение высокочастотных альфвеновских колебаний в омических разрядах сферического токамака Глобус-М2
Authors: Балаченков И.М. , Петров Ю.В. , Гусев В.К. , Бахарев Н.Н. , Варфоломеев В.И. , Дьяченко В.В. , Коновалов А.Н. , Корепанов П.А. , Крикунов С.В. , Минаев В.Б. , Патров М.И. , Сахаров Н.В.
Published: April 2021

In Globus-M2 ohmic discharges with low density, by means of Mirnov coils array, magnetic field oscillations with frequencies in 1 MHz range were detected. Frequency range of these oscillations significantly exceed the range of TAE and RSAE frequencies, which were previously observed on Globus-M and Globus-M2 tokamaks, and their amplitude, contrary, turned out to be up to an order of magnitude lower. It was found that high frequency oscillations are interrelated with suprathermal electron fraction. At the same time the observed instability seems to have Alfvenic nature, since its frequency correlates well with Alfven frequency scaling. It was also found that magnetic perturbation always forms standing wave with predominantly low toroidal wavenumbers, including n = 0 structure, which makes gap (e.g. TAE) mode excitation impossible. Frequency chirping during single bursts with δω ~ √t is consistent with hole-clump model predictions.
Stereotypes through the Stereoscope: Racism and Sexism in Stereographs
Authors: Peterson Derek , Hamrick Patrick
Published: April 2021

Vol 2, No. 3 (2021)
With contributions by Cameron Brand and Laura Mao.
This issue of SourceLab introduces readers to several nineteenth-century stereographs.
This publication is part of the digital documentary edition series SourceLab, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our Editorial Board conducts rigorous peer-review of every edition.
Advantages and Challenges in Using Telehealth for Home-Based Palliative Care: Protocol for a Systematic Mixed Studies Review
Authors: Steindal Simen A , Nes Andréa Aparecida Goncalves , Godskesen Tove E , Lind Susanne , Dhle Alfhild , Winger Anette , Österlind Jane , Pettersen Fredrik Solvang , Holmen Heidi , Klarare Anna
Published: April 2021

Background

Given the increasing number of people in need of palliative care services and the current health care professional workforce strain, providing equitable, quality palliative care has become a challenge. Telehealth could be an innovative approach to palliative care delivery, enabling patients to spend more time or even remain at home, if they wish, throughout the illness trajectory. However, no previous systematic mixed studies reviews have synthesized evidence on patients’ experiences of the advantages and challenges of telehealth for home-based palliative care.

Objective

The aim of this systematic mixed studies review is to critically appraise and synthesize findings from studies that investigated patients’ use of telehealth in home-based palliative care with a focus on the advantages and challenges experienced by the patients.

Methods

This article describes the protocol for a systematic mixed studies review with a convergent design. The reporting will be guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A systematic search was performed in eight databases for studies published from January 2010 to June 2020. The search will be updated in 2021. Pairs of authors will independently assess eligibility, extract data, and assess methodological quality. The data will then be analyzed using thematic synthesis.

Results

We describe the rationale and design of a systematic mixed studies review. The database searches were performed on June 25, 2020. Assessment of eligibility and further steps have not yet been performed. Results are anticipated by August 2021.

Conclusions

Following the ethos of patient-centered palliative care, this systematic mixed studies review could lead to recommendations for practice and policy, enabling the development and implementation of telehealth applications and services that align with patients’ preferences and needs at home.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/22626
Beyond Notes: Why It Is Time to Abandon an Outdated Documentation Paradigm
Authors: Steinkamp Jackson , Kantrowitz Jacob , Sharma Abhinav , Bala Wasif
Published: April 2021

Clinicians spend a substantial part of their workday reviewing and writing electronic medical notes. Here we describe how the current, widely accepted paradigm for electronic medical notes represents a poor organizational framework for both the individual clinician and the broader medical team. As described in this viewpoint, the medical chart—including notes, labs, and imaging results—can be reconceptualized as a dynamic, fully collaborative workspace organized by topic rather than time, writer, or data type. This revised framework enables a more accurate and complete assessment of the current state of the patient and easy historical review, saving clinicians substantial time on both data input and retrieval. Collectively, this approach has the potential to improve health care delivery effectiveness and efficiency.
Smoking Cessation and Coronary Artery Calcification in CKD
Authors: Lee Mi Jung , Park Jung Tak , Chang Tae Ik , Joo Young Su , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Park Sue Kyung , Chung Wookyung , Kim Yong-Soo , Kim Soo Wan , Oh Kook-Hwan , Kang Shin-Wook , Choi Kyu Hun , Ahn Curie , Han Seung Hyeok
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives

Smoking is associated with vascular calcification and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the association of smoking dose and cessation with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in patients with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

From a nationwide, prospective cohort of Korean patients with CKD, 1914 participants were included. Prevalent CAC was defined as an Agatston score >0, using computed tomography. CAC progression was defined as ≥30%/yr increase in Agatston score at the 4-year follow-up examination in patients with baseline CAC.

Results

Prevalent CAC was observed in 952 (50%) patients. Compared with never smokers, former smokers had a similar prevalence ratio for CAC, but current smokers had a 1.25-fold higher prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10 to 1.42). Among former smokers, a lower smoking load of <10 pack-years (prevalence ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.90) and longer duration of smoking cessation (prevalence ratio for 10 to <20 years, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98: prevalence ratio for ≥20 years, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.96) were associated with lower risk of prevalent CAC compared with current smoking. The prevalence ratios did not differ between never smoking and long-term cessation. However, short-term cessation with heavy smoking load was associated with a higher risk of prevalent CAC (prevalence ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.40) compared with never smoking. CAC progression was observed in 111 (33%) patients with baseline CAC. Compared with never smokers, former smokers showed a similar risk of CAC progression, but current smokers had a higher risk (relative risk, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.86).

Conclusions

In CKD, former smoking with a lower smoking load and long-term cessation were associated with a lower risk of prevalent CAC than current smoking. CAC progression was more pronounced in current smokers.
Metodología para el cálculo de acelerogramas sintéticos utilizando funciones de transferencia empíricas y el método estocástico de Boore, en la ciudad de Tapachula, Chiapas
Authors: Solano Bahena René , Aguirre González Jorge
Published: April 2021

El principal objetivo de este artículo es estimar los acelerogramas sintéticos de un sismo de magnitud 7.3 en la Ciudad de Tapachula, Chiapas, ocurrido el 7 de noviembre de 2012 en las costas de Guatemala. En este trabajo, se combinaron los métodos de las Funciones de Transferencia Empíricas y el Método Estocástico de Boore (1983, 2003), que es útil para simular los movimientos del terreno de alta frecuencia (f>0.1 Hz), lo cual es de mucho interés en el campo de la ingeniería (Boore, 2003). Para comprobar el grado de ajuste entre los acelerogramas obtenidos con el método utilizado en este artículo, se utilizaron las métricas propuestas por Anderson (2004). Para ello, se realizaron pruebas con acelerogramas conocidos registrados en una red temporal (instalada durante el periodo del 15 de junio al 29 de julio de 2011, en la Ciudad de Tapachula), y se compararon con los resultados sintéticos obtenidos tras aplicar el método mencionado. Para la simulación de un sismo de M=4.7, ambas componentes horizontales muestran buenos ajustes en la mayoría de las estaciones donde fue registrando. Es decir, el método aquí propuesto logra aproximarse mucho a los datos reales grabados en cada una de las estaciones. Esto respalda la confianza que tenemos en la gran utilidad que este método tiene para generar aplicaciones de interés en la ingeniería sísmica.
Distribution and current status of permafrost in the highest volcano in North America: Citlaltepetl (Pico de Orizaba), Mexico
Authors: Soto Molina Víctor Hugo , Delgado Granados Hugo
Published: April 2021

Se enfatiza la presencia de permafrost en el volcán Citlaltépetl y se actualiza su cubertura. Mediante el análisis empírico-estadístico de variables topo-climáticas y con base en el modelo de regresión lineal fue posible determinar que el límite inferior de permafrost continuo se ubica por encima de 4,880 msnm en la ladera norte y por arriba de 4,963 msnm en su ladera sur; por su parte, porciones discontinuas y aisladas inician a partir de 4,780 y 4,863 msnm al norte y sur del cono volcánico respectivamente. Se encontró una alta correlación entre la temperatura de los perfiles del suelo y la del aire en su altitud correspondiente. Las condiciones de temperatura del permafrost permiten considerarlo como “cálido”, tal como sucede en montañas de mediana y baja latitud, y al mismo tiempo se puede clasificar como “comprometido” y potencialmente inestable. No obstante la degradación que presenta a partir de su primera estimación en los años 1970, se estima que este indicador de cambio climático de alta montaña permanezca al menos durante algunas décadas una vez que el glaciar del Citlaltépetl se haya extinguido.
Identificación de las fuentes de nitratos mediante métodos hidrogeoquímicos e isotópicos en el agua subterránea del Bajío Guanajuatense
Authors: Morales-Arredondo Ivan , Flores-Ocampo Itzamna Zaknite , Armienta María Aurora , Morán-Ramírez Janete , Hernández-Hernández Mario Alberto , Landa-Arreguin Jorge Federico
Published: April 2021

La subprovincia del Bajío Guanajuatense, ubicado en el Centro de México es una de las zonas agrícolas más importantes del país, lo cual ha provocado el uso de grandes volúmenes de agua. El panorama actual de Guanajuato indica un incremento, en más del triple, del uso del agua subterránea respecto a la extraída hace 30 años, usada para maximizar el rendimiento de cultivos, así como una aplicación desmedida de fertilizantes nitrogenados. Este contexto se torna más grave dado que en la zona de estudio existen problemas de sobreexplotación, abatimiento del nivel estático, y presencia de fallas y fracturas, y aunado a ello contaminación en distintos niveles de profundidad del acuífero por compuestos nitrogenados. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar la presencia de compuestos de nitrógeno en los distintos flujos del acuífero, identificar isotópica e hidrogeoquímicamente las fuentes, sus transformaciones y los procesos relacionados con el elevado contenido de NO3 - en el agua subterránea. Con base en los resultados obtenidos de NO3 - , elementos químicos mayores, menores, traza e isótopos, se han identificado dos fuentes de contaminación; una relacionada con la agricultura y la segunda con el tratamiento de agua residual. Esto ha ocasionado que el contenido de NO3 - supere los valores permitidos por la NOM-127, de acuerdo a los datos de muestreo del 2017 y 2019, no solo en el acuífero somero también el profundo. Se llevaron a cabo dos campañas de muestreo de agua subterránea en 32 pozos urbanos y agrícolas de los municipios de Vill y JR en Guanajuato, en temporada de lluvias y de estiaje, siguiendo métodos nacionales e internacionales. Se determinaron elementos mayores, menores y algunos elementos traza, así como isotopos estables. El origen de los elevados contenidos de NO3 - es antropogénico; los valores más elevados se cuantificaron en época de estiaje. Los nitratos migran más fácilmente a través de fallas y fracturas profundas, principalmente en la zona centro-sur del área de estudio hacia el acuífero medio y posiblemente al profundo, este proceso es relevante ya que la zona es reconocida como un medio impermeable debido a la presencia de extensas capas de arcillas. Una planta de tratamiento de agua residual es un foco de contaminación, la aplicación de fertilizantes sería el otro posible foco de contaminación. La transformación de los compuestos nitrogenados pudieran afectar el comportamiento isotópico del ?18O, aunque no se descarta que podría deberse a procesos de evaporación e infiltración de agua somera. Esta información debe ser considerada ya que la presencia de nitratos en el medio pudiera poner en riesgo la salud de la población que se abastece del mismo sistema acuífero donde se desarrollan estas actividades.