bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
My Five Major Challenges as a Teacher. Discussion. Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, September 8, 2017
Authors: Radaev Vadim , Medvedev Sergei , Talalakina Ekaterina , Dementiev Andrei
Published: May 2018

The discussion on My Five Major Challenges as a Teacher was the first meeting within professional development program for HSE faculty, namely, Teach for HSE. The program is designed to improve teaching skills and represents a working tool that will allow any committed teacher to either design a new course from scratch or to redesign an existing one. Participants will discuss teaching models adopted by the leading universities. In the first cycle, the focus will be placed on problem-based learning. The organizers hope that the program will stimulate an ever wider discussion on teaching to evolve. In this paper the reader is introduced to four personal reflections on teaching experiences by teachers in widely different domains: sociology, economics, political science, and English as a foreign language. Even though they have been teaching to college students for many years, every day they have to answer questions regarding what to teach, how to teach, what to teach for, and whom they teach.
Teacher Education and Advanced Training in German Settlements of the Taurida Governorate
Authors: Kostyleva Ekaterina
Published: May 2018

Archival materials and contemporary studies are used to identify the specific features of teacher education and advanced training in German colonial schools in the Taurida Governorate. The paper investigates into the conditions under which German colonists’ educational institutions evolved, comparing the data on changes in the number of German primary schools and central vocational schools in the Taurida Governorate. It also describes the specific aspects of teaching organization and education content in central vocational schools as educational institutions of advanced type designed to train teachers for German primary schools. Such forms of advanced training for German teachers as temporary teacher education courses and pedagogical conferences are presented.
Different Schools to Different People: The Future of Universal, Uniform and Quality Education. Review of the book: Lyubzhin A. The Twilight of Universal Education. School for All and for Nobody
Authors: Lyubarsky Georgy
Published: May 2018

Education practices inherited from the Soviet school are fading away and will hardly be inspired with new life. Society has changed, and so have the education goals, which rarely become the subject of rational discussion nowadays. As a response to these new conditions, it would be good to see diversification of the education system, so that everyone could get what they want, whether it be effortless learning or real education obtained through hard work. Today, unfortunately, education remains uniform and the window of opportunities is not growing larger.
Patterns of First-Graders’ Development at the Start of Schooling: Cluster Approach Based on the Results of iPIPS Project
Authors: Kardanova Elena , Ivanova Alina , Sergomanov Pavel , Kanonire Tatjana , Antipkina Inna , Kayky Diana
Published: May 2018

The first school year is very important in terms of the further educational trajectories of pupils. Information about the range of individual needs and abilities of children and prognosis of their educational achievements allow the educational system to improve school adaptation and teaching approaches. This study presents the results of an assessment of 7778 first-graders from four Russian cities (Moscow, Naberezhnye Chelny, Tambov and Sevastopol). The children’s results from cognitive (mathematics and reading skills) and noncognitive (personal, social, and emotional skills) assessments were analyzed using the cluster k-mean analysis in order to describe typical patterns of their development. The analysis of both cognitive and noncognitive skills improves the interpretation of the four obtained typical „portraits“ of first-graders. The results can help teachers in the selection and amendment of educational materials and other means regarding children’s education as well as adaptation to school.
Viral BONCAT v1
Authors: Pasulka Alexis , J Orphan Victoria
Published: May 2018

Experimental set up for BONCAT coupled with fluorophore addition via copper (I)- catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (i.e., click chemistry) to detect the the transfer of HPG, a methionine analogue, from newly synthesized proteins in host cells to their viruses during lytic infection.
Actividad microbial en sustratos y análisis de crecimiento en almácigos de tomate en Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Garbanzo León Gabriel , Vargas Gutiérrez Marlen
Published: May 2018

Se evalúo el efecto de 10 mezclas de sustratos para almácigos, elaborados con una base de un 50% de: bocashi, compost y lombricompost, luego estos se mezclaron en una proporción de 25% con arena, suelo, fibra de coco y granza de arroz. Se midió unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/g) de hongos, actinomicetos y bacterias, tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR) y tasa de crecimiento de cultivo (TCC) en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en Liberia, Guanacaste (Costa Rica). El diseño experimental fue un modelo irrestricto al azar, las ufc se evaluaron antes de la siembra de almácigos y los pesos secos para el cálculo de las TCR y TCC se evaluaron a los 15, 22 y 29 días después de siembra. La menor concentración de ufc de hongos (< 104 UFC/g) se presentó en las mezclas 50% bocashi + 25% lombricompost + 25% granza; 50% lombricompost + 25% arena + 25% suelo y 50% compost + 25% bocashi + 25% fibra de coco (50CBF). El mayor peso se encontró en los tratamientos 50% bocashi + 25% compost + 25% fibra de coco (50BCF) y 50CBF significativamente (P<0,01). La TCR en la mezcla 50% bocashi + 25% arena + 25% suelo (50BAS) fue un 47% más alta al compararlas al testigo (peat moss), mientras que el tratamiento 50CBF presentó la mayor TCC significativamente. Se concluye que las mezclas 50BCF, 50BAS y 50CBF mostraron las mejores condiciones de crecimiento para las plántulas de tomate y el peat moss (Sphagnum sp.) se encontró entre las cinco mezclas menos productivas.
Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Endofit Mangrove Rizhopora mucronata Penghasil Gelatinase (MMP2)
Authors: Nursyam Happy , Prihanto Asep Awaludin
Published: May 2018

Gelatinase adalah salah satu jenis keberagaman dari kelompok protease. Enzim metallo-endopeptidase ekstraseluler atau metaloproteinase mampu menghidrolisis gelatin. Enzim gelatinase menghidrolisis gelatin menjadi hidrolisat gelatin. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengisolasi bakteri endofit yang menghasilkan enzim gelatinase yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan industri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu pengambilan dan preparasi sampel, skrinning gelatinase, seleksi strain potensial penghasil enzim gelatinase, dan analisis spesies menggunakan sekuensing 16S rDNA spesies bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat dari bagian daun mangrove menunjukkan aktivitas enzim gelatinase yang tinggi dengan kode isolat CL-h4. Analisis sekuen 16S rDNA menunjukkan isolat memiliki kemiripan dengan Enterobacter hormaechei N6. Pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bakteri Enterobacter sp. UB-R** berada pada satu cabang maupun node (genus) yang sama dengan bakteri Enterobacter sp. dengan nilai boostrap sebesar
0,6. Mikroorganisme endofit mangrove penghasil enzim gelatinase (MMP2) dari daun mangrove Rizhopora mucronata adalah strain baru Enterobacter sp. UB-R.
Whole-body Vibration Training as a Supportive Therapy During Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation – A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaeding Tobias S , Frimmel Marcel , Treondlin Florian , Jung Klaus , Jung Wolfram , Wulf Gerald , Trümper Lorenz , Hasenkamp Justin
Published: May 2018

Effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain unknown. We examined whether additional WBV training during hospitalisation may stabilise the physical capacity of patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and fatigue status of these patients. In this randomised controlled trial, 26 subjects were randomly allocated 1:1 in an intervention group (INT; n=13) or a control group (CON; n=13). Patients in the CON received conventional physical therapy and patients in the INT completed further WBV training every other day. Isokinetic measurement of the muscular capacity of the lower extremities, functional endurance capacity and HRQOL were evaluated before and after the intervention period. No unwanted side effects were observed. We found a significant positive effect of the intervention on the maximum relative peak torque in extension in the INT compared to the CON (p=0.019) and patients in the INT experienced less pain (p=0.05). WBV training can be successfully implemented as a supportive therapy for patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Furthermore, WBV training represents a safe and effective option in the maintenance of muscular capacity of the musculature of the lower extremities and may contribute to pain release.
Evaluation of the effect of piperine per se and its interaction with ondansetron on haloperidol induced catalepsy in Albino mice
Authors: Mishra Pooja Solanki , More Sapna , Tiwari Ashutosh , Vyas Savita
Published: May 2018

Background: This study aims to evaluate the per se effect of piperine and its interaction with ondansetron on haloperidol induced catalepsy in swiss albino mice.Methods: The piperine crystals were separated from crude extract of Piper nigrum. Catalepsy was induced by haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p.). Control group received 2% gum acacia (10ml/kg), standard group ondansetron (0.5mg/kg), test group piperine (10mg/kg) and combination group ondansetron plus piperine (0.5mg/kg + 10mg/kg), per oral, respectively. In acute study, drugs were administered only once, one hour prior to the haloperidol administration. Whereas in chronic study, catalepsy was determined on the seventh day of treatment.Results: In acute study, from 60 min onwards after haloperidol administration, ondansetron and ondansetron plus piperine group resulted in significantly lower cataleptic scores than the control treated group. On the other hand, 120 min onwards ondansetron group showed significantly lower cataleptic scores (24.62) as compared to the ondansetron plus piperine group (31.50). In the chronic study, from 60 min onwards, ondansetron and the ondansetron plus piperine resulted in significantly lower cataleptic scores than the control treated group. Also the combination of ondansetron plus piperine was more significantly protective compared to ondansetron alone (P <0.05).Conclusions: Piperine has the potential to be used as a bioenhancer when combined with other drugs which would reduce the dose of drugs and thereby adverse effects. It may act probably by enhancing the bioavailability as well as by inhibiting the metabolic pathways of other drugs.
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in predicting morbidity and mortality in community and hospital acquired acute renal failure patient requiring dialysis
Authors: Pambhar Amit , Mukhiya G. K.
Published: May 2018

Background: The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is an excellent tool for assessing the extent of organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. This study was planned to compare outcome and organ failure status of community (CAARF) and hospital acquired acute renal failure (HAARF) patients requiring dialysis using SOFA score.Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted on fifty consecutive acute renal failure patients age more than 18 years of either sex requiring dialysis. Patients who developed ARF after 24 hours of admission were referred as HAARF and patients who had acute renal failure on admission were considered as CAARF. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was used to track a patient's status during the stay in an intensive care unit in both HAARF and CAARF patients.Results: Out of 50 patients, 31(62%) patients had community acquired renal failure and 19 (38%) patients had hospital acquired renal failure. Mean SOFA in HAARF patients was high (8.84±3.13) compare to CAARF patients (6.16± 2.80). The p value calculated was 0.003 which was significant. High SOFA Score (>11) were seen predominantly in HAARF (83.3%) patients compare to CAARF (16.7%), followed by 57.1% of patients in HAARF and 42.9% of patients in CAARF had SOFA score between 9 to11.Conclusions: High SOFA Score were seen predominantly in HAARF patients compare to CAARF and so poor outcome compare to CAARF. So, SOFA score may be used in explaining prognosis and outcome of ARF patients.
Correlation between association of hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk indices
Authors: Mathur Rajendra Datt , Gupta Rameshwar Prasad , Gupta Deepak , Mathur Reenika , Bhargav Ajay Kumar
Published: May 2018

Background: Association of hypothyroidism and cardiovascular diseases are important in development of Atherosclerosis. Hypothyroidism and sub clinical hypothyroidism reported highly risk factors due to lipid levels dearranged. Present study to demonstre of correlation of hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease.Methods: The present study has carried out in the department of medicine and Biochemistry SRG Hospital and associated hospital, Jhalawar Medical College Jhalawar (Raj.) Total 100 Hypothyroidism cases and 100 euthyroidism subject were included in the study Information regarding clinical history were recorded in self Constructed present questionnaires Patients were examined and estimated TSH, T3, T4 total Cholesterol, LDLc, HDCc, TG data were analyzed by SPPS version 20.0.Results: Present study demonstrated increased levels of total cholesterol, LDH, VLDLC and TG and decreased level of HDLC and increased TSH level and decreased T3 and T4 Level in hypothyroidism cases when compared with euthyroid cases It was found significant.Conclusions: In present study hypothyroidism and hormone Level (TSH, T3, T4) and lipid level dearranged values are associated with development cardiovascular disease atherosclerosis.
A study to assess the degree of nomophobia among the undergraduate students of a medical college in Bhopal
Authors: Sethia Soumitra , Melwani Veena , Melwani Satish , Priya Angelin , Gupta Mahesh , Khan Amreen
Published: May 2018

Background: Nomophobia is no mobile phobia that is the fear of being out of contact with one’s own mobile phone. In today’s world, cell phone technology introduces new senses of speed and connectivity to social life. Since the younger generation is the latest consumer of the mobile phones, and the under 25 year age group in professional colleges like medical colleges use mobile phones quite frequently. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of nomophobia in Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted for a period of 3 months (June to September) in 2016 on students of first proff, second proff junior, second proff senior, junior final proff and senior final proff of Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. A total of 473 students were selected by purposive sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire Scoring was calculated as per NMP Q.Results: The study was conducted on a total of 473 students undergraduate MBBS students. The percentage of female participants was 51.6%. Majority (56.1%) of participants belonged to age group of 20-22 years. More than 57% participants started using smart mobile phones before attaining age of 18 years. 291 (61.5%) were having moderate, 6.1% having severe nomophobia and only one participant was not suffering from nomophobia.Conclusions: The introduction of mobile phones and new technologies has shaped our daily life, with both positive and negative aspects.
Coco de Dona Zefinha: resistência cultural no Alto Sertão Paraibano
Authors: Andrade Daniel Everson da Silva
Published: May 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo publicizar a trajetória do projeto de extensão Coco de Dona Zefinha, desenvolvido no IFPB Campus Cajazeiras, que tem por objetivo formar novas plateias voltadas para o Coco. Através da literatura especializada buscamos conceituar o Coco, assim como catalogar os seus gêneros e os locais onde pode ser identificado na Paraíba. Por fim ressaltamos a importância do empoderamento da cultura popular pelos jovens em detrimento da cultura de massa.
Projeto tech teddy
Authors: Alves Edlane De Oliveira Gusmão , Santos Marcela Tassyany Galdino , Costa Anderson Fabiano Batista Ferreira da
Published: May 2018

O adoecimento infantil afeta uma fase importante do desenvolvimento humano. Se tratando de doenças como o câncer, muitas vezes é necessário que essas crianças sejam afastadas do âmbito social e relacionável, inclusive da escola, em virtude do tratamento. Ademais, devido ao contexto em que estão inseridas e as dificuldades impostas pela própria doença é comum o desinteresse por assuntos escolares. Desta forma, é importante que existam ações que visem minimizar os efeitos do distanciamento dessas crianças à escola, tendo em mente que é necessário garanti-las não apenas os recursos da medicina, mas também o direito à educação. Este projeto teve como objetivo contribuir com o desenvolvimento educacional de crianças e jovens em tratamento contra o câncer do Instituto Paraibano de Combate ao Câncer - Infanto-juvenil (IPCCAN), por meio de oficinas educativas e profissionalizantes que despertem a curiosidade e interesse dos mesmos sobre assuntos relacionados a tecnologia. Etapas foram executadas para a realização das oficinas planejadas e foi possível observar o estímulo ao aprendizado das crianças e adolescentes com as atividades realizadas.
Experiências sonoro-criativas voltada a formação docentes
Authors: Monteiro Júnior Alan Carlos , Silva Maryana Pereira da , Dantas Beatriz Albuquerque , Barbosa Mirele Santos
Published: May 2018

Este projeto visa elaborar vivência dialogada abordando a unidade corpo-voz-som centrada na formação docente e destacando conteúdos como cuidados, saúde e potencialidades metodológicas em ambiente de criação sonora. Percebe-se que diversos profissionais em especial os professores, utilizam a voz como principal objeto de trabalho, mas que possui uma certa carência de conhecimento sobre os cuidados vocais. A partir disso oferecemos no ano de 2017, 30 vivências dialogadas com 04 horas-aula com 30 participantes cada, voltadas a estudantes universitários dos cursos de licenciatura das instituições de ensino superior de Campina Grande – PB e cidades circunvizinhas. Com o objetivo de abordar processos de construção de ambientes de aprendizagem sonoro-criativos aos participantes a partir de cuidados, higiene e potencialidades da unidade corpo-voz-som na produção de sentido, encarando-o como um dos elementos fundamentais na comunicação interpessoal. Nessa perspectiva, desejou-se oferecer uma experiência dialogada horizontal que instiguasse os participantes a mesclar conhecimentos técnicos da criação cênica sonoro-criativas trabalhados durante as vivências dialogadas, como parâmetros sonoros (timbre, altura, duração e intensidade), paisagem sonora e grammelot, a conhecimentos de suas áreas de formação. Almeja-se, dessa forma, um ambiente inter e transdisciplinar entre os diversos conhecimentos abordados no ensino básico.
Desafios a partir de uma ação integrada e interdisciplinar: insumos da informática ao sindicalismo rural em Esperança-PB
Authors: Aragão João Paulo Gomes de Vasconcelos , Lima Poliana Correia , Santos Maria Clara Rufino dos , Santana Andreza Santos de Santana
Published: May 2018

O trabalho em tela apresenta as memórias do projeto de extensão "Insumos da Informática ao Sindicalismo Rural em Esperança-PB" e levanta reflexões sobre os desafios da interdisciplinaridade e integração no âmbito dos Institutos Federais.
Некоммерческий сектор как базис социального предпринимательства в Казахстане: потенциал и модели развития
Authors: Притворова Татьяна Петровна , Петренко Елена Степановна , Аяганова Мира Пазыловна
Published: May 2018

В статье представлены результаты социологического исследования, имеющего целью выявить прецеденты развития деятельности с регулярным доходом некоммерческими организациями в Центральном Казахстане. Используя простейшую схему бизнес-модели (ценностное предложение, потребители, цепочка производства стоимости и ресурсы, схемы получения дохода) авторы с применением метода кейс-анализа выявляют основные типы доходной деятельности организаций и описывают варианты применяемых бизнес-моделей. В составе этих типов представлены: использование материальных и нематериальных активов по максимуму, дополнительный доход за счет использования дешевых ресурсов, модель доступности при стандартном предложении, модель краудфандинга. Наиболее успешными у некоммерческих организаций являются бизнес-модели, основанные на коммерциализации услуг, аналогичных или дополняющих профильную детальность. Как правило, эта бизнес-модель опирается на квалифицированные трудовые ресурсы и предшествующую ресурсную поддержку партнеров, в том числе зарубежных. Слабыми сторонами некоммерческих организаций являются нечеткое позиционирование конкурентных преимуществ, отсутствие четкой стратегии развития, в том числе маркетинговой.
Модели совместного использования велосипеда в крупном городе
Authors: Сагинова Ольга Витальевна , Мельников Михаил Сергеевич
Published: May 2018

Комфортная среда современного крупного города требует новых приоритетов в организации транспортного движения, включая велосипедный транспорт. В статье анализируются различные модели совместного пользования велосипедов, как с точки зрения условий предоставления услуг проката, так и организации управления системами городского проката велосипедов. На примере существующих систем велопроката рассматривается эволюция моделей совместного использования велосипедов и показатели их результативности.
Развитие и вызовы рынка венчурных фондов Российской Федерации
Authors: Козырев Андрей Владимирович , Гришин Алексей Игоревич
Published: May 2018

Эта статья анализирует состояние, в котором, по последним доступным исследованиям, находится российский рынок венчурных инвестиций. Она раскрывает понятие и рыночную роль венчурных фондов, показывает трансформационные тренды на рынке и указывает на существующие и потенциальные проблемы участников рынка.
Состояние и направления развития сельского хозяйства региона
Authors: Абросимова Марина Сергеевна , Иванов Евгений Алексеевич , Кочергина Светлана Геннадьевна
Published: May 2018

Тенденции функционирования российского агропромышленного комплекса являются сложными и противоречивыми. В данной статье представлены результаты исследования состояния сельского хозяйства одного из субъектов Российской Федерации, входящего в состав Приволжского федерального округа – Чувашской Республики. Авторы показали основные тенденции развития растениеводства и животноводства, определили роль всех категорий хозяйств в производстве сельскохозяйственной продукции, сформулировали ключевые задачи развития сельского хозяйства региона.
O MELODRAMA COMO RECURSO INEVITÁVEL DA TELEDRAMATURGIA
Authors: Magalhães Yuri De Andrade
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo procura investigar e problematizar a influência do melodrama e seus recursos na teledramaturgia. A discussão surge a partir da percepção de que a utilização adequada, e até mesmo exagerada de recursos melodramáticos, tem tido, em muitas ocasiões, determinado o sucesso ou não de muitas produções televisionadas. Surgido ao final do século XVIII e tendo seu desenvolvimento e auge no século XIX, o melodrama foi, possivelmente, o gênero que mais repercutiu e mais influencia, até os dias de hoje, o que muitas vezes entendemos por arte cênica, cinema, teatro, e etc. O melodrama nos acostumou com sua estrutura maniqueísta, com sua “missão educadora”, com seus personagens estereotipados, com necessidade do triunfo do bem sobre o mal, ao ponto de chegarmos, muitas vezes, a estabelecer como ideais as tramas que atendam a esses requisitos melodramáticos. Para aprofundar a discussão, selecionamos duas novelas brasileiras fortemente aclamadas pela audiência em suas respectivas épocas de exibição, a saber: A Senhora do Destino (2004) e Amor à Vida (2013), e uma minissérie brasileira pouco aclamada pela audiência, a saber; A Pedra do Reino (2007). Neste artigo, busco discorrer como a influência melodramática influenciou a recepção das novelas e da minissérie em questão. 
Optimal Allocation of the Sample in the Poisson Item Count Technique
Authors: Bernardelli Michał , Kowalczyk Barbara
Published: May 2018

Indirect methods of questioning are of utmost importance when dealing with sensitive questions. This paper refers to the new indirect method introduced by Tian et al. (2014) and examines the optimal allocation of the sample to control and treatment groups. If determining the optimal allocation is based on the variance formula for the method of moments (difference in means) estimator of the sensitive proportion, the solution is quite straightforward and was given in Tian et al. (2014). However, maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is known from much better properties, therefore determining the optimal allocation based on ML estimators has more practical importance. This problem is nontrivial because in the Poisson item count technique the study sensitive variable is a latent one and is not directly observable. Thus ML estimation is carried out by using the expectation‑maximisation (EM) algorithm and therefore an explicit analytical formula for the variance of the ML estimator of the sensitive proportion is not obtained. To determine the optimal allocation of the sample based on ML estimation, comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations and the EM algorithm have been employed.
Łączna produktywność czynników produkcji (TFP) i jej zróżnicowanie w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Młynarzewska-Borowiec Izabela Ewa
Published: May 2018

Łączna produktywność czynników produkcji (Total Factor Productivity – TFP) jest syntetycznym miernikiem efektywności procesu produkcyjnego w kraju, wynikającej z postępu technicznego. Celem artykułu jest oszacowanie (za pomocą metod ekonometrycznych) poziomu i dynamiki TFP w poszczególnych krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2000–2014 oraz wskazanie kierunku zmian jej zróżnicowania w analizowanej grupie krajów. W artykule podejmuje się także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w krajach Unii Europejskiej możliwa jest konwergencja produktywności, mająca istotny wpływ na ich proces konwergencji realnej.
Parables of Un-freedom: Novels about the Spanish Inquisition in post-1956 People’s Poland
Authors: Bates John
Published: May 2018

The article examines three post-1956 novels ostensibly about the Spanish Inquisition’s activities in Spain at the end of the fifteenth century: Jerzy Andrzejewski’s Ciemności kryją ziemię (The Inquisitors, 1957), Julian Stryjkowski’s Przybysz z Narbony (1978), and Jozef Cepik’s Torquemada (1986). These works are placed in a number of broader contexts: the uses of the historical novel in Poland; post-war Polish censorship discourse about the use of historical analogy to address current social and political problems, a practice which the political authorities sought to restrict; the contemporary critical reception where reviews of each novel are seen as articulating the novels’ fundamental concerns albeit subject to the same censorship restrictions; and ultimately the longestablished tradition of Aesopian writing within Polish literature. The analysis demonstrates the expansion of the space for critical public expression particularly in the Thaw years of 1956-57, and its contraction over time up to the mid-1970s. The rise of an independent publishing network at that point paradoxically both facilitates a more open discussion of the potential meanings of literary texts but equally has to observe censorship proprieties to avoid exposing officially published authors to political sanctions. With the growth of underground publishing, the Spanish Inquisition theme gradually declines in relevance, reflected by the critical marginalisation of Cepik’s novel. Ultimately, the article positions the trend within Macherey’s theory of significant silences within literary works, which permits a refinement of the historically contingent screen and marker that have typically defined Aesopian works. The article presents, with their English translations, hitherto unpublished documents from the Polish Party and Censorship archives, including examples of work confiscated by the censors.
A few remarks on the mechanisms of censorship in the PRL and the Third Republic of Poland
Authors: Dąbrowski Jakub
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the mechanism of censorship before and after 1990 when the mission of the communist Chief Control Bureau for Press, Publications and Performances (GUKPPiW) was terminated. Communist censorship was not, as we have grown to perceive it, a case-based preventive control of the flow of ideas but a complex and continuous system of relations which shaped desired social actions. Institutional censorship only ensured the coherence of messages produced by self-censoring culture outlets: representatives of the media, scholars, writers, and artists. In my opinion the abolition of GUKPPiW was not some radical rupture, it seems that some of the mechanisms of censorship have a rather permanent nature, regardless of the political system. Moreover, even though institutional control over the discursive sphere was lifted, many informal relations of power have remained untouched. These dispersed power relations have been shaping Polish society’s view of the world for centuries deciding what is good or bad, nice or ugly, decent or indecent, Polish or non-Polish, and last but not least – expressible or inexpressible.
Two freedoms. (Poetic) fragments of Michel Houellebecq
Authors: Wójcik Tomasz
Published: May 2018

This article discusses the poetry of Michel Houellebecq. Its reading as a world-view statement is defined by its key notion of freedom. The thus specified reading enables one to identify various meanings of the notion included in the poems of the French writer: the philosophical and the social meanings.
Rzeczpospolita wobec Rosji w ostatniej fazie obrad Sejmu Wielkiego (1791–1792)
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: May 2018

Po uchwaleniu Konstytucji 3 maja ułożenie stosunków z Rosją było najważniejszą kwestią z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa Rzeczypospolitej. Widząc wygasanie pomyślnej dla państwa polsko-litewskiego koniunktury w stosunkach międzynarodowych, przywódcy Sejmu Wielkiego zasugerowali Stanisławowi Augustowi dokonanie zwrotu ku Rosji. To z ich inicjatywy król wprowadził do Straży Praw kilku stronników dworu petersburskiego. Nie pociągnęło to jednak za sobą reorientacji polskiej polityki zagranicznej. Umocniwszy swoją pozycję, Stanisław August zwlekał z nawiązaniem bezpośrednich rozmów z cesarzową. Był przekonany, że wystarczy nie prowokować Rosjan i łagodzić wszelkie konflikty wewnętrzne, żeby uniknąć rosyjskiej interwencji w wewnętrzne sprawy Rzeczypospolitej. Założenie to okazało się błędne. Wbrew twierdzeniu ogromnej większości historyków polskich, którzy uważali, że rosyjska interwencja w Polsce była z góry przesądzona, na dworze petersburskim do ostatniej chwili trwały spory i dyskusje dotyczące kształtu polityki wobec państwa polsko-litewskiego. Część doradców Katarzyny II była zdania, że bez ostatecznego porozumienia z dworami niemieckimi nie należy zaczynać wojny z Rzecząpospolitą, gdyż będzie ona ciężka, długotrwała i kosztowna. Namowy polskich malkontentów sprawiły jednak, że ostatecznie zwyciężyła, lansowana przez faworyta cesarzowej – Płatona A. Zubowa, koncepcja rozpoczęcia działań zbrojnych bez oglądania się na stanowisko Wiednia i Berlina. Bierność dyplomatyczna okazała się fatalnym błędem polskiego króla i jego doradców. Równie błędna była koncepcja prowadzenia wojny w ograniczonym tylko zakresie. Słaby opór polskich armii umacniał bowiem pozycję faworyta cesarzowej. Już w trakcie działań wojennych, po nadejściu do Petersburga listu Stanisława Augusta do Katarzyny II, grupa przeciwników wojny na dworze rosyjskim podjęła ostatnią próbę przerwania działań zbrojnych i rozpoczęcia rozmów z władcą Rzeczypospolitej. Sukcesy wojsk cesarzowej, które w ślad za wycofującymi się Polakami zmierzały szybko w kierunku Warszawy działały jednak na korzyść zwolenników zbrojnej interwencji. Król i jego doradcy zbyt szybko przestali wierzyć w możliwość odniesienia zwycięstwa i skapitulowali w chwili, kiedy wciąż istniały szanse na kontynuowanie wojny, której przedłużenie o kilka tygodni mogło skłonić cesarzową do wyrażenia zgody na rozpoczęcie negocjacji pokojowych. Był to fatalny błąd polityczny, który okazał się w konsekwencji początkiem końca pierwszej Rzeczypospolitej.
„Aby Polska rosła w siłę...” Koncepcja unowocześnienia polskiej motoryzacji 1971–1972
Authors: Lesiakowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2018

Polska pierwszej połowy dekady lat siedemdziesiątych XX w. to czas wielkich przemian. Nowe kierownictwo z I sekretarzem Komitetu Centralnego Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej Edwardem Gierkiem na czele radykalnie zmieniło dotychczasową politykę, usiłując poprawić materialne warunki życia społeczeństwa i jednocześnie unowocześnić polski przemysł, rozwijać budownictwo mieszkaniowe, ożywiać wymianę handlową z zagranicą. Radykalnych zmian wymagała też polska motoryzacja – tak pojazdy wykorzystywane do użytku prywatnego, jak i do komunikacji zbiorowej. Stąd już na początku 1971 r. podjęto polityczną decyzję o zakupie w krajach zachodnich licencji na małolitrażowy samochód osobowy i nowoczesny autobus. Negocjacje handlowe z firmami Fiat, Citroen, Renault (samochód osobowy) oraz Berliet, Fiat, Hino (Japonia), Kloeckner-Humblod-Deutz (autobus) nie trwały długo. Już w październiku 1971 r. zawarto umowę z włoskim Fiatem, który zobowiązał się do uruchomienia w Polsce produkcji samochodu fiat 126p i w sierpniu 1972 r. z francuskim Berlietem, który zadeklarował rozpoczęcie wytwarzania nowoczesnego autobusu. W praktyce fiat 126p wprowadził krajową motoryzację na nieznany dotąd poziom i stał się bardzo popularnym autem. Natomiast autobus berliet nie był udanym pomysłem na rozwiązanie problemów polskiej komunikacji zbiorowej. Z tego wynika, że stworzona na początku dekady lat siedemdziesiątych XX w. koncepcja modernizacji polskiej motoryzacji, w drodze uruchomienia licencyjnej produkcji zachodnich pojazdów, zaowocowała ograniczonym powodzeniem.
Kim była hrabianka Dorota von Helfenstein? Przyczynek do genealogii rodzin Kurzbachów i Helfensteinów w XV wieku
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: May 2018

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Epigenetic modifications and gene expression in cancerogenesis
Authors: Poczęta Marta , Nowak Ewa , Bieg Dominik , Bednarek Ilona
Published: May 2018

Modyfikacje epigenetyczne są zmianami regulującymi ekspresję genów. Spośród tych modyfikacji metylacja DNA w regionach promotorowych genów jest najlepiej poznaną zmianą. Za metylację DNA odpowiada rodzina metylotransferaz DNA. Proces ten jest odwracalny w wyniku reakcji demetylacji, w których pośrednią rolę odgrywają białka TET. Hipometylacja DNA oraz hipermetylacja regionów promotorowych genów bogatych w wyspy CpG należy do epigenetycznych mechanizmów powszechnie występujących w wielu typach nowotworów. Epigenetyczny mechanizm transformacji nowotworowej związany jest nie tylko ze zmianami w poziomie metylacji poszczególnych onkogenów czy też genów supresorowych, ale także z potranslacyjnymi modyfikacjami białek histonowych wymuszających zmiany w strukturze chromatyny. Określone modyfikacje, takie jak: metylacja, acetylacja, fosforylacja, ubikwitynacja, biotynylacja, ADP-rybozylacja oraz sumoilacja, mogą wpływać na kondensację chromatyny oraz na białka i kompleksy enzymatyczne decydujące o dostępności DNA, co z kolei wpływa na upakowanie, replikację, rekombinację, procesy naprawy oraz ekspresję DNA. W mechanizmach modulacji ekspresji genów zaangażowanych w procesy prowadzące do rozwoju nowotworów znaczącą rolę odgrywają dwa główne rodzaje małych interferencyjnych RNA siRNA oraz miRNA.
Uzyskiwane dane z prowadzonych badań pokazują, że mechanizmy epigenetyczne uczestniczą w procesach prowadzących do rozwoju nowotworów, a poszukiwanie epigenetycznych biomarkerów może być przydatne w terapii nowotworów.
Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Neonates
Authors: McPherson Christopher , Wambach Jennifer A.
Published: May 2018

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) impacts a high proportion of preterm neonates, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in pharmacotherapy, specifically antenatal corticosteroids and postnatal surfactant therapy, have significantly reduced the incidence and impact of neonatal RDS. Antenatal corticosteroids accelerate fetal lung maturation by increasing the activity of enzymes responsible for surfactant biosynthesis, resulting in improved lung compliance. Maternal antenatal corticosteroid treatment has improved survival of preterm neonates and lowered the incidence of brain injury. After birth, exogenous surfactant administration improves lung compliance and oxygenation, resulting in reductions in the incidence of pneumothorax and of death. Future research will identify the optimal surfactant product, timing of the initial dose, and mode of delivery.
Aspectos éticos en la investigación con niños
Authors: Molina Montoya Nancy Piedad
Published: May 2018

La investigación con niños contribuye a producir conocimiento para la promoción de su bienestar. La vulnerabilidad de los menores, los aspectos concernientes a su participación en la toma de decisiones y la asimetría en su relación con los adultos generan cuestiones éticas particulares y subrayan la necesidad de que esta población reciba atención especial. Objetivo: indagar sobre los aspectos éticos que deben considerarse para el diseño y el desarrollo de investigaciones en las que participen niños. Materiales y métodos: búsqueda y revisión documental en EBSCO y SciELO; además, se incluyeron textos y otros documentos sobre el tema. Las categorías y subcategorías identificadas se usaron como ejes temáticos. La información seleccionada pertenece al periodo de publicación 1976-2017. Conclusión: el diseño y desarrollo de investigaciones éticas implica que los investigadores planteen preguntas relevantes, utilicen presupuestos teóricos sólidos y metodologías adecuadas, conozcan las características, necesidades y expectativas de los niños y den cumplimiento a los principios nucleares de la investigación: respeto a las personas, beneficencia y justicia —que en el contexto investigativo se materializan en el consentimiento y asentimiento informados—, garantía de la confidencialidad y la privacidad, balance riesgo-beneficio, selección equitativa de los sujetos de investigación, distribución equitativa de los beneficios, balance de las relaciones de poder y consideraciones sobre la retribución económica a los participantes.
Access barriers to visual health
Authors: Rodríguez-Echeverría María Alejandra , Páez-Castro Angélica María
Published: May 2018

A number of factors and conditions hinder and restrict access to the health care system and its different services; these barriers to access put at risk the health of people by affecting adequate processes. Objective: To carry out a literature review on barriers to access to the health care system and visual health services in Colombia and around the world. Methodology: A literature review was carried out based on a search of the Medline, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed databases, as well as indexed public health journals and the websites of the Local Health Authority, the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the UNESCO, and the Brien Holden Vision Institute. Results: The main barriers related to demand, both in general services and in visual health, are the lack of perception on the need for service and lack of economic resources; at the offer level, the existing policies constitute a real obstacle. Conclusions: Awareness-raising in the population, together with the implementation of health policies that grant equal access to health care services, are fundamental to prevent people from being affected, to a large extent, by barriers related to demand or offer, regardless of their location or level of income.
Analysis and applicability of protocols for the diagnosis of refractive errors in children
Authors: Martín Algarra Laura Victoria , Rodríguez Álvarez Martha Fabiola , Gené Sampedro Andrés
Published: May 2018

Currently, a large part of the world population does not have access to quality visual health services. Most of this population lives in developing countries, thus it is necessary to screen the general population to identify ocular abnormalities such as refractive errors and amblyopia in schoolchildren. The protocols for complete visual screening or examination vary widely regarding the type of tests and procedures, although most of them use visual acuity (VA) and refraction as the main diagnostic criteria. These clinical tests should have good quality and precision, that is, a high sensitivity and specificity. Unfortunately, in most clinical and epidemiological studies, the quality and accuracy of the tests used are unknown, which makes it difficult to compare results and to estimate the real conditions of visual problems in the population. Therefore, the objective of this literature review was to describe the main tests and protocols used in epidemiological and clinical studies for the detection of refractive errors in children.
Mardin Midyat Aktaş Mevkii İnsan İskeletlerinde Diş ve Çene Patolojileri
Authors: Acar Ayşe
Published: May 2018

Midyat
Aktaş Mevkii iskeletleri,  2013 yılında
Mardin ili Midyat ilçesi Aktaş Mevkii Mor Hobil-Mor Abrohom manastırının
kuzeyinde yer alan ve Roma Dönemine tarihlendirilen dört adet oda mezardan ele
geçirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Midyat, Aktaş Mevkii Bizans Dönemi bireylerinin
diş, üst ve alt çenelerine ait patolojileri incelenerek, bireylerin yaşam
biçimi, ağız sağlığı, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve demografik yapısını tahmin
etmektir. Çalışmada, Midyat, Aktaş Mevkii oda mezarlardaki 319 adet üst ve alt
çenelerinden elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, toplumda 319 adet
birey olduğu (% 9,09’u bebek, % 20,06’sı çocuk, % 5,64’ü kadın, %  14,42’si erkek, % 50,78’i cinsiyeti bilinmeyen)
saptanmıştır. Aktaş Mevkii bireylerinin diş ve çene patolojileri, % 6,19’u çürük, % 9,29’u apse,
% 42,95’i ölüm öncesi diş kayıplarından oluşmaktadır. Toplumun
beslenme diyetinin hayvansal proteine yönelik olduğu söylenebilir.
Aldeia, Matemática e Escola Indígena: apropriação de práticas discursivas por estudantes Pataxó
Authors: Brito Ruana Priscila da Silva , Fonseca Maria da Conceição Ferreira Reis
Published: May 2018

O estudo que aqui apresentamos analisa como apropriação de práticas discursivas de e sobre matemática os posicionamentos de licenciandos e de licenciandas da etnia Pataxó de um Curso de Formação Intercultural para Educadores Indígenas, configurados em jogos discursivos que contemplam relações entre matemática tradicional (das aldeias) e a matemática escolar, e entre a educação escolar e a educação escolar indígena. Esses posicionamentos são tomados como disposição metacognitiva de natureza não apenas semântica, mas pragmática. O material empírico deste estudo foi produzido no acompanhamento de uma turma de licenciatura em matemática de um Curso Intercultural, em que foram adotados procedimentos etnográficos. Na seleção e no tratamento desse material, recorremos a referências da análise dialógica do discurso. Os posicionamentos assumidos pelos(as) licenciandos(as) indígenas nos obrigam a refletir sobre as possibilidades de uma Educação Escolar Indígena na qual sejam contemplados, para além das habilidades matemáticas individuais, os diferentes modos culturais de significar e construir formas próprias de participar de práticas sociais que envolvem matemática.
Toward a More Complete, Flexible, and Safer Speed Planning for Autonomous Driving via Convex Optimization
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Huiyan , Waslander Steven L. , Yang Tian , Zhang Sheng , Xiong Guangming , Liu Kai
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we present a complete, flexible and safe convex-optimization-based method to solve speed planning problems over a fixed path for autonomous driving in both static and dynamic environments. Our contributions are five fold. First, we summarize the most common constraints raised in various autonomous driving scenarios as the requirements for speed planner developments and metrics to measure the capacity of existing speed planners roughly for autonomous driving. Second, we introduce a more general, flexible and complete speed planning mathematical model including all the summarized constraints compared to the state-of-the-art speed planners, which addresses limitations of existing methods and is able to provide smooth, safety-guaranteed, dynamic-feasible, and time-efficient speed profiles. Third, we emphasize comfort while guaranteeing fundamental motion safety without sacrificing the mobility of cars by treating the comfort box constraint as a semi-hard constraint in optimization via slack variables and penalty functions, which distinguishes our method from existing ones. Fourth, we demonstrate that our problem preserves convexity with the added constraints, thus global optimality of solutions is guaranteed. Fifth, we showcase how our formulation can be used in various autonomous driving scenarios by providing several challenging case studies in both static and dynamic environments. A range of numerical experiments and challenging realistic speed planning case studies have depicted that the proposed method outperforms existing speed planners for autonomous driving in terms of constraint type covered, optimality, safety, mobility and flexibility.
The Key Scope and Challenge of Development Strategy for Solar Home System
Authors: Bhumkittipich Pimnapat , Ohgaki Hideaki
Published: May 2018

The fact that Thailand’s energy policy has set a new renewable energy target of 30% of total final energy consumption by 2036. It also has the potential of solar energy and community demands in remote areas. However, most of the renewable energy technology will still be able to achieve renewable energy goals, similar to the case of the national policy that promotes Solar Home System (SHS) in remote areas, lack of good handling. Therefore, achieving the goal of the renewable energy policy should be in position using the right strategy. This article presents the result of a case study in the Akha upland community, northern Thailand, where we used the mixing method and factor analysis to analyze strategies for SHS related criteria. The key scopes and challenge included bottom-up planning concepts and subsidies from expert persons, while contributions to factors have an impact on developing sustainable SHS, include the creating approval of SHS technologies, developing of SHS management, promoting of SHS technologies, and supporting of SHS policies, respectively. Mainly, social factors provide positive effects, which thus influence the sustainable development of process SHS in terms of the creation of approval. Furthermore, there should be managed appropriately for each community, for the positive imagery of solar power.