bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direction control of information transfer between neuronal populations with asymmetric three‐dimensional microstructure
Authors: Hattori Shohei , Suzurikawa Jun , Kanzaki Ryohei , Jimbo Yasuhiko , Hamaguchi Tetsuya , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nakao Masayuki
Published: November 2010

Information transfer among neuronal populations has a directional bias. Some past studies demonstrated that microstructure could bias the direction of information transfer at a cellular level. However, the transfer at a population level has hardly been controlled to date. In order to control the information transfer, we attempt to bias the direction of neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons using a three‐dimensional asymmetric microstructure. The proposed microstructure is an embossed barrier with a right‐triangle cross section, namely, an ascending slope and vertical wall. Because of the asymmetricity, the neurite growth rate from the wall‐side to the slope‐side is expected to be lower than that of the slope‐to‐wall. We fabricated the microstructure on a polystyrene substrate by hot pressing, simultaneously embedding line electrodes for probing stimulation. To confirm the impact of the microstructure on neurite outgrowth, and thus the signal transfer direction between neuronal populations separated by the structure, we stimulated cultured neurons on both sides of the structure. There was a difference in neuronal responses to wall‐side stimulation and slope‐side stimulation, demonstrating the directional characteristic of information transfer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(12): 17–25, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10240
Preservative effect of an organic acid‐icing system on chilled fish lipids
Authors: García‐Soto Bibiana , Sanjuás Minia , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Fuertes‐Gamundi José R. , Aubourg Santiago P.
Published: November 2010

This study provides a first approach concerning a novel chilling strategy, which employs a mixture of different preservative organic acids (ascorbic, citric and lactic) in the icing medium. Thus, ice prepared from water including two different concentrations of a commercial acid mixture‐formula (800 and 400 ppm; C‐800 and C‐400 conditions, respectively) were applied as icing system to three important commercial fish lean species (hake, Merluccius merluccius; megrim, Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis; angler, Lophius piscatorius). Lipid oxidation (peroxide value; thiobarbituric acid index; fluorescent compound formation) and hydrolysis (free fatty acid formation) were evaluated throughout the chilling time (up to 12–15 days) and compared to results obtained in fish kept under traditional ice prepared only from water (C‐0 condition); a complementary sensory evaluation was carried out. As a result of employing the C‐800 icing condition, a partial inhibition of lipid oxidation and hydrolysis development was obtained that was accompanied by a shelf life enhancement in all cases. Further research taking into account the complementary action of the present organic acids is envisaged. According to the lipid damage analysis, lipid hydrolysis was a more relevant event than lipid oxidation in all fish species tested.
Natural mineral fire retardant fillers for polyethylene
Authors: Bellayer Séverine Patricia , Tavard E. , Duquesne S. , Piechaczyk A. , Bourbigot S.
Published: November 2010

In this article, we study the behaviour of common and low cost mineral fillers into a polyethylene matrix when exposed to mass loss calorimeter conditions. The different systems are made of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), with 50 wt% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium carbonate or talc treated with stearic acid or nontreated. These systems were exposed to an external heat flux of 50 kW/m 2 and their burning behaviours were compared. Significant decrease of heat release rate peaks (PkHRR) was obtained with all these mineral fillers; however, even better results were obtained when particles were treated with stearic acid. Indeed, the system with CaCO3‐treated stearic acid leads to a surprising intumescent behaviour. A rheological study showed no impact of stearic acid on the viscosity of the system and did not explain the appearance of the intumescent phenomenon. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that stearic acid enhances the dispersion of particles into the polymer and acts as a dispersive agent. The results also show that the aspect ratio of the particles, the cation nature of the carbonates and the polarity of the polymer matrix have an effect on the appearance or not on the intumescent phenomenon. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insufficient peroxiredoxin‐2 expression in uterine NK cells obtained from a murine model of abortion
Authors: Yin Guangjie , Li Cui , Shan Bin , Wang Wenjing , Chen Hong , Zhong Yanmin , Di Jingfang , Lin Qide , Lin Yi
Published: November 2010

The CBA/J × DBA/2 mouse mating combination is prone to spontaneous embryo loss, in contrast to the MHC‐identical CBA/J × BALB/c mating combination, which yields successful pregnancies. The underlying mechanisms for these observations are unclear. In this study, multi‐vision immunohistochemical staining (IHC), flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were used to detect peroxiredoxin‐2 (PRX‐2) expression in the uterine natural killer (uNK) cells from CBA/J × DBA/2 and CBA/J × BALB/c mice. In IHC analysis, co‐localization of PRX‐2 and lectin from Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA‐lectin) was confirmed and the frequency of PRX‐2+DBA‐lectin+ cells was significantly lower in CBA/J × DBA/2 than CBA/J × BALB/c. In flow cytometry and Western blotting, PRX‐2 was found expressed at a significantly lower level in CBA/J × DBA/2 mice. PRX‐2 inhibition with a neutralizing antibody significantly decreased PRX‐2 expression, increased the cytotoxicity of uNK cells, and increased the percentage of embryo loss in CBA/J × DBA/2J mice. Our data suggest that PRX‐2 may be involved in the modulation of maternal–fetal tolerance and that insufficient expression of this protein may correlate with increased embryo loss in CBA/J × DBA/2J mice. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 773–781, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein inherent structures by different minimization strategies
Authors: Rao Francesco
Published: November 2010

Network‐based methods provide an accurate description of the free‐energy landscape of peptides and proteins sampled by molecular dynamics simulations. To that end, it is necessary to group the individual snapshots in a meaningful way. The inherent structures (ISs) provide an appropriate discretization of the trajectory into microstates, avoiding problems that can arise in clustering algorithms that have been used previously. In this work, different minimization protocols to obtain the IS of a peptide are investigated on the basis of cut‐based free‐energy profiles. It is found that a computationally more efficient quasi‐Newtonian algorithm provides quantitative agreement to the classical conjugate gradient method in terms of the population of the peptide substates and the energy barriers separating them. That is, despite the fact that the two algorithms can occasionally quench a given peptide snapshot in different potential energy minima, the overall properties of the system are not affected. As reported by others, atom permutations affect the calculation of the IS, requiring an improved implementation of current potential energy functions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Density cumulant functional theory: First implementation and benchmark results for the DCFT-06 model
Authors: Simmonett Andrew C. , Wilke Jeremiah J. , Schaefer Henry F. , Kutzelnigg Werner
Published: November 2010

Density cumulant functional theory [W. Kutzelnigg, J. Chem. Phys. 125, 171101 (2006)] is implemented for the first time. Benchmark results are provided for atoms and diatomic molecules, demonstrating the performance of DCFT-06 for both nonbonded and bonded interactions. The results show that DCFT-06 appears to perform similarly to coupled cluster theory with single and double excitations (CCSD) in describing dispersion. For covalently bound systems, the physical properties predicted by DCFT-06 appear to be at least of CCSD quality around equilibrium geometries. The computational scaling of both DCFT-06 and CCSD is O(N6), but the former has reduced nonlinearities among the variables and a Hermitian energy functional, making it an attractive alternative.
Magnetodielectric study in SiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle compacts
Authors: Chang Chung-Chieh , Zhao Li , Wu Maw-Kuen
Published: November 2010

The dielectric properties of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with an insulating coating layer of SiO2 were investigated. At high temperatures, the changes in the dielectric constant and loss induced by the magnetic field are opposite in sign and strongly frequency-dependent, which originates from extrinsic magnetodielectric coupling-the Maxwell–Wagner effect combined with magnetoresistance. And the interface defects leads to the obvious hysteresis phenomena observed in the measurements. On the other hand, the strong coupling of dielectric and magnetic properties at low temperatures contradicts the Maxwell–Wagner model, suggesting the intrinsic magnetodielectric coupling. Our observations are consistent with the recent polarization switching measurements, which confirm the low-temperature multiferroic state existing in highly lossy Fe3O4. And the core/shell nanostructure may provide a new route to achieve applicable magnetoelectric materials with low loss.
Spin polarized electric currents in semiconductor heterostructures induced by microwave radiation
Authors: Drexler C. , Bel’kov V. V. , Ashkinadze B. , Olbrich P. , Zoth C. , Lechner V. , Terent’ev Ya. V. , Yakovlev D. R. , Karczewski G. , Wojtowicz T. , Schuh D. , Wegscheider W. , Ganichev S. D.
Published: November 2010

We report on microwave (mw) radiation induced electric currents in (Cd,Mn)Te/(Cd,Mg)Te and InAs/(In,Ga)As quantum wells subjected to an external in-plane magnetic field. The current generation is attributed to the spin-dependent energy relaxation of electrons heated by mw radiation. The relaxation produces equal and oppositely directed electron flows in the spin-up and spin-down subbands yielding a pure spin current. The Zeeman splitting of the subbands in the magnetic field leads to the conversion of the spin flow into a spin-polarized electric current.
The interface of the ferromagnetic metal CoS2 and the nonmagnetic semiconductor FeS2
Authors: Nazir S. , Schwingenschlögl U.
Published: November 2010

The electronic and magnetic properties of the cubic pyrite CoS2/FeS2 interface are studied using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. We find that this contact between a ferromagnetic metal and a nonmagnetic semiconductor shows a metallic character. The CoS2 stays close to half-metallicity at the interface, while the FeS2 becomes metallic. The magnetic moment of the Co atoms at the interface slightly decreases as compared to the bulk value and a small moment is induced on the Fe atoms. Furthermore, at the interface ferromagnetic ordering is found to be energetically favorable as compared to antiferromagnetic ordering.
Strain influenced indium composition distribution in GaN/InGaN core-shell nanowires
Authors: Li Qiming , Wang George T.
Published: November 2010

The optical properties, indium concentration and distribution, defect morphology, and strain distribution of GaN/InGaN coaxial nanowires grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition were investigated using spatially resolved cathodoluminescence, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and finite element analysis. The results indicate that InGaN layers with 40% or greater indium incorporation and low defect density can be achieved. The indium distribution in the InGaN shell layer was measured and qualitatively correlated with the calculated strain distribution. The three-dimensional compliance of the GaN nanowire leads to facile strain relaxation in the InGaN heteroepitaxial layer, enabling high indium incorporation and high crystalline quality.
Leaf Extraction and Analysis Framework Graphical User Interface: Segmenting and Analyzing the Structure of Leaf Veins and Areoles
Authors: Price Charles A. , Symonova Olga , Mileyko Yuriy , Hilley Troy , Weitz Joshua S.
Published: November 2010

Interest in the structure and function of physical biological networks has spurred the development of a number of theoretical models that predict optimal network structures across a broad array of taxonomic groups, from mammals to plants. In many cases, direct tests of predicted network structure are impossible given the lack of suitable empirical methods to quantify physical network geometry with sufficient scope and resolution. There is a long history of empirical methods to quantify the network structure of plants, from roots, to xylem networks in shoots and within leaves. However, with few exceptions, current methods emphasize the analysis of portions of, rather than entire networks. Here, we introduce the Leaf Extraction and Analysis Framework Graphical User Interface (LEAF GUI), a user-assisted software tool that facilitates improved empirical understanding of leaf network structure. LEAF GUI takes images of leaves where veins have been enhanced relative to the background, and following a series of interactive thresholding and cleaning steps, returns a suite of statistics and information on the structure of leaf venation networks and areoles. Metrics include the dimensions, position, and connectivity of all network veins, and the dimensions, shape, and position of the areoles they surround. Available for free download, the LEAF GUI software promises to facilitate improved understanding of the adaptive and ecological significance of leaf vein network structure.
Entrepreneurship education and veterinary medicine: enhancing employable skills
Authors: Henry Colette , Treanor Lorna
Published: November 2010

Purpose

This paper has the purpose of exploring the potential for entrepreneurship education within veterinary medicine. It aims to examine some of the key themes in the entrepreneurship education literature, discuss the make‐up of the UK veterinary sector, consider veterinary curricula requirements and illustrate how entrepreneurship education can benefit veterinary students.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach adopted by the authors includes a literature review, in‐depth discussion and the development of hypotheses for further study.

Findings

Entrepreneurship education has the potential to make a valuable contribution to veterinary medicine curricula. This is due to the fact that the majority of veterinary graduates will work in or even own/co‐own a veterinary business (i.e. a small veterinary practice) at some point in their career. In this context, the authors illustrate how entrepreneurship education can enhance both employable and day one/year one skills. The high entry requirements for veterinary programmes and the gender shift towards a predominantly female under‐ and postgraduate population add further interesting dimensions to the paper and present possible avenues for further research.

Research limitations/implications

This is a conceptual paper and it is fully recognised that the concepts and hypotheses proposed need to be further developed and tested at the empirical level. Some interesting avenues for future research that could contribute significantly to this field are also identified.

Originality/value

The paper highlights the potential value of incorporating entrepreneurship education within veterinary curricula. It also identifies how such incorporation can enhance students' employable skills and deliver many of the skills included in veterinary medicine's day one/year one competences' agenda.
Managing the life cycles of the document and library collections in Finnish academic libraries
Authors: Muhonen Ari , Saarti Jarmo , Vattulainen Pentti
Published: November 2010

Purpose

At the beginning of this millennium it was decided to renovate higher education legislation and to restructure the institutions in Finland. The new University Act was passed in the summer of 2009. One important aspect of the new Act means that the formerly state‐owned universities become more autonomous. In addition, the number of universities in Finland will be reduced by merging some of the old universities into new units, like Aalto University and the UEF, which were both inaugurated in 2010. This also has meant the birth of new multi‐campus universities as well as posing new challenges for the management of finances. At the same time, the digital revolution of scientific information has changed the paradigm of the libraries from ownership to access. It is no longer necessary to purchase paper journals and store them within the library building. Instead, the electronic versions are licensed, thus providing academics as well as students with 24/7 access to the material. This digital change has also triggered a generation gap between ageing library staff and the digital‐age student generation. This paper discusses the management of the lifecycles of different types of documents – printed/digital and serials/monographs – in a rapidly changing environment. In addition, the paper aims to discuss the distribution of work and outsourcing of the collection storage with the National Repository Library with the emphasis on enabling access to the outsourced collections with the help of modern database technologies. Some evidence of the effects on library expenses and usage is also given.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analyses the statistical data of Finnish academic libraries in presenting its results.

Findings

The National Repository Library has enabled Finnish university libraries to focus their collection policies and to make savings in the cost of premises.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on Finnish experiences.

Practical implications

Models for national and international collection and preservation policies are presented.

Originality/value

The paper provides thoughts for the building of global division of work in the long‐tail management of documents.
Planned giving: preparing for the future
Authors: Silverman Emily
Published: November 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this essay is to provide suggestions for raising funds for libraries through planned giving.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper discusses and gives examples of planned giving to support libraries.

Findings

It is suggested that as donors mature in their careers and reach peak earning potential, estate planning becomes a priority and library support can become an opportunity.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is in its presentation of examples and strategies for raising awareness of planned giving as one way to support libraries.
Knowledge management in complex environments: the UN peacekeeping
Authors: Bolisani Ettore , Damiani Fabrizio
Published: November 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to illustrate the peculiar knowledge management (KM) issues in UN peacekeeping, the practices adopted, their practicability and problematic aspects.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study deals with a “frontier” experience that summarizes many elements of complexity of public decision making, such as: uncertainty, multiplicity of goals and tasks, participation of different and often conflicting stakeholders, different levels of authority, etc.

Findings

The case study shows that transposing today's lessons into the future – which is a major goal of KM – is intrinsically difficult in the case of global and multidimensional decision making. KM systems must evolve and adapt continuously. Closing the nexus between KM and policy making could make policies more responsive to the evolvement of internal and external conditions, but turning knowledge into policy means that knowledge should not be disconnected from its sources, in terms of people and places.

Practical implications

The analysis of the UN experience provides food for thought for all the professionals and organizations alike involved in KM processes of comparable complexity.

Originality/value

From a conceptual viewpoint, the study addresses the important issue of KM applied to complex policy‐making processes. The study of the KM solutions adopted to face this complexity provides insights for both scholars and practitioners.
Trait anxiety, working memory capacity, and the effectiveness of memory suppression
Authors: WALDHAUSER GERD T. , JOHANSSON MIKAEL , BÄCKSTRÖM MARTIN , MECKLINGER AXEL
Published: November 2010

Waldhauser, G.T., Johansson, M., Bäckström, M. & Mecklinger, A. (2011). Trait anxiety, working memory capacity, and the effectiveness of memory suppression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 21–27.

We aimed at replicating the finding that humans are able to suppress unwanted memories, and tested whether this ability varies with individual differences in working memory capacity, trait anxiety and defensiveness. In a think/no‐think experiment, participants either recalled or suppressed previously learned words for 0, 8 or 16 times. Suppression did not have an overall detrimental effect on later recall performance. However, higher recall rates after repeated suppression were exclusively predicted by higher trait anxiety. These results are discussed in relation to current theories on anxiety and executive control.
Treatment of periorbital wrinkles with 1550‐ and 1565‐nm Er:glass fractional photothermolysis lasers: a simultaneous split‐face trial
Authors: Jung J.Y. , Cho S.B. , Chung H.J. , Shin J.‐U. , Lee K.H. , Chung K.Y.
Published: November 2010

Objective  This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacies of 1550‐ and 1565‐nm Er:glass lasers in the treatment of periorbital wrinkles and to evaluate histological changes after treatment.

Methods  Twenty patients received five treatments each at 3‐week intervals. The right periorbital area was exposed to the 1550‐nm Er:glass laser and the left periorbital area was exposed to the 1565‐nm Er:glass laser. Clinical improvement was evaluated by two blinded physicians who assessed comparative photographs using a four‐point scale at baseline and 3 months after the final treatments. Skin biopsies were performed in five volunteers before treatment and at 3 months after the final treatment.

Results  The mean improvement scores 3 months after treatment with the 1550‐ and 1565‐nm Er:glass lasers were 2.25 ± 0.62 and 2.28 ± 0.59 respectively. Histological examination revealed increased epidermal thickening and decreased solar elastosis 3 months after the final laser treatments.

Conclusions  Both 1550‐ and 1565‐nm Er:glass lasers are safe and effective modalities in the treatment of periorbital wrinkles with no significant differences between the two lasers.
Lower Frailty Incidence in Older Mexican Americans than in Older European Americans: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Espinoza Sara E. , Jung Inkyung , Hazuda Helen
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To directly compare frailty incidence of older Mexican American (MA) and European American (EA) adults.

DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational cohort study.

SETTING: Socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in San Antonio, Texas.

PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred one older MA and 305 older EA adults in the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (SALSA) who were nonfrail at baseline.

MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was assessed at baseline, and three follow‐ups conducted over an average of 9.9 years using well‐established criteria from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Covariates were baseline age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), prefrailty status, diabetes mellitus, and comorbidity. The adjusted ethnic odds (MA vs EA) of incident frailty were estimated using generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS: There was no ethnic difference in the unadjusted incidence of frailty over the three follow‐up examinations (odds ratio (OR)=0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.62–1.52), even though baseline SES was significantly lower in MAs than EAs. After covariate adjustment, the odds of incident frailty were significantly lower for MAs than EAs (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.23–0.72). Other significant predictors of frailty in the adjusted model were pre‐frailty (present vs absent OR=3.19, 95% CI=1.86–5.47), education (1‐year increment OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.83–0.96), and income (1‐year increment OR=0.88, 95% CI=0.79–2.04).

CONCLUSION: These findings lend support to the Hispanic Paradox and suggest that MAs who live to older ages are less likely than similarly aged EAs to become frail. Further research is needed to identify the underlying biological and social mechanisms that explain this finding to enhance the development of interventions for the prevention and treatment of this clinical geriatric syndrome.
Analysis of genitourinary anomalies in patients with VACTERL (Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiac malformations, Tracheo‐Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, Limb abnormalities) association
Authors: Solomon Benjamin D. , Raam Manu S. , Pineda‐Alvarez Daniel E.
Published: November 2010

The goal of this study was to describe a novel pattern of genitourinary (GU) anomalies in VACTERL association, which involves congenital anomalies affecting the vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea and esophagus, kidneys, and limbs. We collected clinical data on 105 patients diagnosed with VACTERL association and analyzed a subset of 89 patients who met more stringent inclusion criteria. Twenty‐one percent of patients have GU anomalies, which are more severe (but not more frequent) in females. Anomalies were noted in patients without malformations affecting the renal, lower vertebral, or lower gastrointestinal systems. There should be a high index of suspicion for the presence of GU anomalies even in patients who do not have spatially similar malformations.
Effects of a Topical Microemulsion in House Dust Mite Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Andersson Morgan , Greiff Lennart , Wollmer Per
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  We have previously demonstrated that a topical microemulsion can attenuate symptoms and signs of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This likely reflects that the microemulsion interferes with the interaction between the allergen and the mucosa. Whether or not the finding translates to conditions caused by other inhaled agents such as house dust mite allergen is unknown. Patients with perennial allergic rhinitis caused by house dust mite were subjected to topical microemulsion treatment in a randomized, double‐blinded and crossover design with isotonic saline as control. Morning symptoms were monitored, change from baseline was assessed and the treatments were compared. On the first days of the isotonic saline and microemulsion runs, before any treatment was given, total nasal symptoms were scored to 2.8 and 3.1 (range 0–9), respectively. Nasal symptoms were reduced by intervention with the microemulsion: the change from baseline was consistent for the microemulsion and the difference between the microemulsion and isotonic saline reached statistical significance in favour of the former. We conclude that intervention with a microemulsion may reduce symptoms of house dust mite allergic rhinitis at natural allergen exposure. Our findings suggest the possibility that topical microemulsions can be a useful option to reduce nasal mucosal exposure to allergen in perennial allergic rhinitis..
Luminescence Spectroscopic Observation of Singlet Oxygen Formation in Extra Virgin Olive Oil as Affected by Irradiation Light Wavelengths, 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, Irradiation Time, and Oxygen Bubbling
Authors: Jung Mun Y. , Choi Dong S. , Park Ki H. , Lee Bosoon , Min David B.
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  A spectrofluorometer equipped with a highly sensitive near‐IR InGaAs detector was used for the direct visualization of singlet oxygen emission at 1268 nm in olive oil during light irradiation with various different wavelengths. The virgin olive oil in methylene chloride (20% w/v, oxygen saturated) was irradiated at the 301, 417, 454, 483, and 668 nm, then the emission at 1268 nm, singlet oxygen dimole decaying was observed. The result showed the highest production of 1O2 with light irradiation at 417 nm, and followed by at 668 nm in virgin olive oil, indicating that pheophytin a and chlorophyll a were the most responsible components for the production of singlet oxygen. The UV light irradiations at the wavelength of 200, 250, and 300 nm did not induce any detectable luminescence emission at 1268 nm, but 350 nm produced weak emission at 1269 nm. The quantity of 1O2 produced with excitation at 350 nm was about 1/6 of that of irradiation at 417 nm. Addition of an efficient 1O2 quencher, 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, in virgin olive oil in methylene chloride greatly decreased the luminescence emission at 1268 nm, confirming the singlet oxygen production in olive oil. Singlet oxygen production was more efficient in oxygen‐purged virgin olive oil than in oxygen non‐purged olive oil. This represents first report on the direct observation of singlet oxygen formation in olive oil as well as in real‐food system after visible light illumination.

Practical Application:  The present results show the positive evidence of the singlet oxygen involvement in rapid oxidative deterioration of virgin olive oil under visible light. This paper also shows the effects of different wavelength of light irradiation on the formation of singlet oxygen in olive oil. The present results would provide important information for the understanding of the mechanism involved in rapid oxidative quality deterioration of virgin olive oil under light illumination and for searching the preventive methods of deterioration of olive oil quality under light.
An ARMS‐based technique for sex determination of red panda (Ailurus fulgens)
Authors: LI YUZHI , XU XIAO , ZHANG LIANG , ZHANG ZHIHE , SHEN FUJUN , ZHANG WENPING , YUE BISONG
Published: November 2010

Molecular sexing is a key component in the investigation of wild populations. In this study, we developed a fast, accurate and reliable amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique for sex determination of red panda based on the exon 4 of the ZFX/ZFY gene. The amplicons were distinguished simply by agarose gel electrophoresis, exhibiting one fragment in females (X: 300 bp) and two in males (X: 300 bp, Y: 166 bp). Robustness of this ARMS system was confirmed by testing both 43 captive red pandas using DNA samples with known‐sex and 10 wild red pandas using faecal DNA samples with unknown sex.
Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Unexpected Subgenomic Diversity of Magnetotactic Bacteria within the Phylum
Nitrospirae
Authors: Lin Wei , Jogler Christian , Schüler Dirk , Pan Yongxin
Published: November 2010

A targeted metagenomic approach was applied to investigate magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) within the phylum
Nitrospirae
in Lake Miyun near Beijing, China. Five fosmids containing rRNA operons were identified. Comparative sequence analysis of a total of 172 kb provided new insights into their genome organization and revealed unexpected subgenomic diversity of uncultivated MTB in the phylum
Nitrospirae
. In addition, affiliation of two novel MTB with the phylum
Nitrospirae
was verified by fluorescence
in situ
hybridization. One of them was morphologically similar to “
Candidatus
Magnetobacterium bavaricum,” but the other differed substantially in cell shape and magnetosome organization from all previously described “
Ca.
Magnetobacterium bavaricum”-like bacteria.
Molecular systematics and morphological character evolution of the Condamineeae (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Kainulainen Kent , Persson Claes , Eriksson Torsten , Bremer Birgitta
Published: November 2010

• Premise of the study: The Condamineeae have in previous molecular studies been shown to be part of an early‐divergent clade within the subfamily Ixoroideae, together with the tribes Calycophylleae, and Hippotideae, and genera of the former Cinchoneae and Rondeletieae. Generic relationships within this clade have, however, remained largely unresolved.

• Methods: In this study, the systematics of the Condamineeae was further examined by phylogenetic reconstruction of six cpDNA regions and one nrDNA region using parsimony and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inference. Morphological character evolution within the tribe was assessed by ancestral state reconstruction using likelihood optimization of characters onto Bayesian trees.

• Key results: Calycophylleae appears polyphyletic. “Hippotideae” is monophyletic but nested within the Condamineeae. The phylogenetic hypotheses presented support a resurrection of the genera Holtonia, Schizocalyx, and Semaphyllanthe. Furthermore, Bathysa is found to be polyphyletic, Tresanthera is found nested within Rustia, and the taxonomically disputed genus Dialypetalanthus is here shown to be sister to a Bothriospora–Wittmackanthus clade. Morphological ancestral state reconstructions indicate that protogyny have evolved at least two times within the tribe and that indehiscent fruits, loculicidal fruit dehiscence, and intrapetiolar stipules have evolved independently several times. The occurrence of calycophylls (leaf‐like calyx lobes), poricidal anthers, and winged seeds also appear homoplastic within the tribe.

• Conclusions: A diagnosis and delimitation of the tribe Condamineeae is presented, with taxonomic proposals to synonymize Tresanthera and to transfer several species of Bathysa as well as Phitopis to a resurrected Schizocalyx.
Isocyanides in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Lygin Alexander V. , de Meijere Armin
Published: November 2010

Isocyanides have long proved themselves to be irreplaceable building blocks in modern organic chemistry. The unique features of the isocyano group make isocyanides particularly useful for the synthesis of a number of important classes of nitrogen heterocycles, such as pyrroles, indoles, and quinolines. Several cocyclizations of isocyanides via zwitterions and radical intermediates as well as transition‐metal‐catalyzed syntheses of different types of heterocycles have recently been developed. Methods starting from isocyanides often have distinct advantages over alternative approaches to the same heterocycles because of their enhanced convergence, the great simplicity of most of the operations with them, and the great variety of isocyanides readily available for use. Isocyanides have also been used in some enantioselective syntheses of chiral heterocyclic compounds, including natural products as well as precursors thereof.
The risk of cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ju , Chang Yun‐Ting , Wang Chang‐Bi , Wu Chun‐Ying
Published: November 2010

Objective

The association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and malignancy has rarely been explored in Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative risk of cancer in Taiwanese patients with RA and to identify groups of patients with a high risk of cancer.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide cohort study of the risk of cancer among 23,644 patients with RA who had no history of malignancies, using the National Health Insurance database of Taiwan from 1996 to 2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for various cancers were analyzed.

Results

Among the patients with RA, 935 cancers were observed. Patients with RA had an increased risk of cancer (SIR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.22–1.23), especially hematologic cancers (SIR 2.74, 95% CI 2.68–2.81). The relative risk of cancer was higher among younger patients. Most cancer cases were detected within the first year following the diagnosis of RA. The relative risk of cancer decreased as the duration of observation increased. Among hematologic cancers, the risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was greatest (SIR 3.54, 95% CI 3.45–3.63). Among solid tumors, the risk of cancers of the kidney and vagina/vulva was highest. A decreased risk of cancers of the cervix and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with RA was also observed.

Conclusion

Patients with RA have an increased risk of cancer, especially hematologic and kidney cancers. The relative risk of cancer in patients with RA decreased with long‐term followup. Cancer screening with continued vigilance is recommended for patients with RA.
How to manage no reflow phenomenon with local drug delivery via a rapid exchange catheter
Authors: Wilson William , Eccleston David
Published: November 2010

We describe two cases of no reflow phenomenon in the setting of primary PCI for ST elevation myocardial infarction successfully managed with intracoronary vasodilator therapy via a Clearway™ balloon catheter, where vasodilator therapy via the guiding catheter had been ineffective. Traditionally, if not given via the guiding catheter, vasodilators have been administered via an over‐the‐wire balloon catheter, which can be cumbersome and time consuming. The Clearway catheter is a rapid exchange balloon catheter affording rapid delivery of vasodilators to the distal infarct related artery without risk of loss of wire position. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
(2,1‐a)‐Indenofluorene Derivatives: Syntheses, X‐ray Structures, Optical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Thirion Damien , Poriel Cyril , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Barrière Frédéric , Jeannin Olivier
Published: November 2010

Two novel fluorophores based on the (2,1‐a)‐indenofluorenyl backbone, dispiro[fluorene‐9,11′‐indeno[2,1‐a]fluorene‐12′,9′′‐fluorene], (2,1‐a)‐DSF‐IF and 11,12‐dihydroindeno[2,1‐a]fluorene (2,1‐a)‐IF have been prepared through original and efficient synthetic approaches. After consideration of synthetic features, the structural, optical and electrochemical properties of these new blue/violet emitters have been studied in detail by a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The properties of the (2,1‐a)‐DSF‐IF and (2,1‐a)‐IF are also compared to those of their corresponding positional isomers based on the (1,2‐b)‐indenofluorenyl backbone and those of related dispirofluorene heteroacenes.
Enantioselective Cycloadditions of 2‐Alkenoylpyridine‐N‐oxides Catalysed by a Bis(oxazoline)/CuII Complex: Structure of the Reactive Intermediate
Authors: Livieri Alessandro , Boiocchi Massimo , Desimoni Giovanni , Faita Giuseppe
Published: November 2010

Diels–Alder and 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions involving (E)‐3‐aryl‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl‐N‐oxide)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones as the 2π components are efficiently catalysed by bis(oxazoline)–CuII complexes. The cycloadducts are obtained in quantitative yields with up to 98 % ee; absolute configurations were determined by X‐ray analysis. The structure of the reactive complex, determined by X‐ray analysis, is fully consistent with the stereochemical outcome of the catalysed process (approach of the diene or nitrone to the less hindered face of the coordinated pyridine‐N‐oxide derivative).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transformation and Crystal Structure of La2Ni7Hx Studied by in situ X‐Ray Diffraction.
Authors: Iwase Kenji , Sakaki Kouji , Nakamura Yumiko , Akiba Etsuo
Published: November 2010

The phase transformations of La2Ni7 during hydrogenation are characterized by in situ XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of the Ternary LnMgSn (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd—Tm): First Series of Antiferromagnetic CeScSi‐Type Structure Compounds.
Authors: Lemoine P. , Verniere A. , Mareche J. F. , Malaman B.
Published: November 2010

The title compounds are characterized by powder XRD and magnetic measurements in the temperature range 5—300 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetic Spin Fluctuations in Quasi‐2D—EuCu9Mg2.
Authors: Mauger A. , Ravot D. , Bonville P. , Solokha P. , De Negri S. , Pavlyuk V. , Saccone A. , Tedenac J.‐C.
Published: November 2010

The title compound is characterized by magnetization measurements, 151Eu Moessbauer spectroscopy, and specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure and Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance of Cd2SnO4.
Authors: Huang Xianli , Lv Jun , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: November 2010

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of SnO2 with 5% excess of CdO (1023—1323 K) and characterized by powder XRD, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, SEM, and DFT band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium(I) Amidotrihydroborate: Structure and Hydrogen Release.
Authors: Burrell Anthony K. , et al. et al.
Published: November 2010

KNH2BH3 is prepared by reaction of NH3BH3 with KH in THF (4 h, 95% yield) and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Synthesis of Nickel Borides via Decomposition of NaBH4 Promoted by Nickel Bromide.
Authors: Caputo Riccarda , Guzzetta Fabrizio , Angerhofer Alexander
Published: November 2010

The reaction of anhydrous THF and pentane dispersions of NaBH4 and NiBr2 of different concentrations (2.52, 5.46, 7.37, and 10.18 mol%) at room temperature and pressure yield amorphous black solid powders of nickel borides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [1,2‐a] Benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐thione, [1,2‐a] Benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐thiadiazin‐2‐thione, [1,2‐a] Benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐amine, and [1,2‐a] Benzimidazolo‐2‐yl Amidrazone.
Authors: Hajri A. , Abderrahim R.
Published: November 2010

In view of the potential biological activity of benzimidazoles and their polycyclic derivatives, the fused benzimidazoles (III), (VII), and (IX) as well as the benzimidazolyl amidrazones (V) are synthesized using operationally simple methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric CuH‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Reductions in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Huang Shenlin , Voigtritter Karl R. , Unger John B. , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: November 2010

The enantioselective hydrosilylation of β,β‐disubstituted Michael acceptors (I) and (III) is achieved in the presence of in situ generated CuH.
ChemInform Abstract: Green, Catalyst‐Free Thioacetalization of Carbonyl Compounds Using Glycerol as Recyclable Solvent.
Authors: Perin Gelson , Mello Luzia G. , Radatz Catia S. , Savegnago Lucielli , Alves Diego , Jacob Raquel G. , Lenardao Eder J.
Published: November 2010

An uncatalyzed procedure for the synthesis of thioacetals and thioketals from the corresponding carbonyl compounds and mercaptans is presented by simply heating the reactants in glycerol.
ChemInform Abstract: Transesterification via Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation Utilizing Potassium Peroxydisulfate (K2S2O8) in Acidic Media.
Authors: Zarrabi S. , Mahmoodi N. O. , Marvi O.
Published: November 2010

An efficient and mild method for the oxidation and transesterification of ketones to the corresponding esters is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Scalable Procedure for TiCl4‐Promoted Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Su Qiaogong , Wood Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2010

With a view to preparing SB‐2350000 (IIIa) (key intermediate in the synthesis of endothelin receptor antagonists) and its derivatives, an improved process for the title reaction is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Double α‐Addition Reaction of ortho‐Hydroxyacetophenones to Ethyl Propiolates Mediated by Ph3P: Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4‐Pentadienes.
Authors: Meng Ling‐Guo , Tang Kai , Liu Hui‐Fang , Xiao Jiang , Xue Song
Published: November 2010

Addition of methylketones to propiolates (II) and (VII) gives synthetically important 1,4‐pentadienes via double α‐addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Regiospecific Phenylthiolation of Some Organic Acids Catalyzed by AlCl3 in the Presence of Excess Anhydrous ZnCl2.
Authors: Roy H. N. , Sarker Ashis K. , Al Mamun A. H.
Published: November 2010

Supposedly due to steric reasons the aliphatic acid groups in (Ia) and (Ib) react selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Biobased HMF Derivatives by Reductive Amination.
Authors: Cukalovic Ana , Stevens Christian V.
Published: November 2010

A simple procedure for the conversion of hydroxymethyl‐furfural (I) to aminomethylfuran‐2‐yl‐methanol is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unprecedented Route for the Synthesis of 3,3′‐Biindoles by Reductive Cyclization of 3‐[2‐Nitro‐1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethyl]‐1H‐indoles Mediated by Iron/Acetic Acid.
Authors: Ramesh Chintakunta , Kavala Veerababurao , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Raju B. Rama , Yao Ching‐Fa
Published: November 2010

Michael addition of indole derivatives towards β‐nitrostyrene derivatives provides the starting compounds (I) for a novel reductive cyclization to furnish bisindoles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Organic Azides with TMS‐Protected Alkynes.
Authors: Cuevas Felix , Oliva Ana I. , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: November 2010

Optimized conditions are developed for the Cu‐catalyzed cycloaddition of benzyl azide with silyl‐protected alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Addition of N‐Aminophthalimide to Styryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Beletskii E. V. , Ignatenko O. A. , Kuznetsov M. A. , Selivanov S. I.
Published: November 2010

The title reaction is studied and the different reactivity of the exocyclic 5‐ and 3‐styryl groups in 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles is demonstrated especially with the help of bis‐compound (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐AIDS Agents. Part 83. Efficient Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Preparation of Angular 2,2‐Dimethyl‐2H‐chromone Containing Compounds.
Authors: Zhou Ting , Shi Qian , Lee Kuo Hsing
Published: November 2010

Optimized conditions are developed to significantly improve the selective synthesis of the chroman derivatives via a simple alkylation/cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetralin and Chromane Derivatives via In‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation.
Authors: Xie Kai , Wang Sizhuo , Li Ping , Li Xiujian , Yang Zhiyong , An Xiangyu , Guo Can‐Cheng , Tan Ze
Published: November 2010

In(OTf)3 is demonstrated to be an effective catalyst for the cyclization of different ω‐aryl‐1‐alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Alkyl‐5‐hydroxy‐1‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines and Their New Condensed Structures.
Authors: Platonov Dmitry N. , Okonnishnikova Galina P. , Tomilov Yury V.
Published: November 2010

Two alternative methods for the synthesis of the title dihydroisoquinoline derivatives, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Carbolines from Aldehydes and Ketones via the α‐Siloxy α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: He Shuwen , Lai Zhong , Yang David X. , Hong Qingmei , Reibarkh Mikhail , Nargund Ravi P. , Hagmann William K.
Published: November 2010

An efficient synthesis of β‐carbolines via acid‐promoted condensation of tryptamine or tryptophane with α‐siloxy‐α,β‐unsaturated esters is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyl Pyruvates as Synthons in the Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Plaskon Andrey S. , Bondarenko Semen S. , Ostapchuk Eugeniy N. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Tolmachev Andrey A.
Published: November 2010

Biginelli type reaction of 2,4‐dioxo‐4‐phenylbutanoate and benzaldehyde with ureas or thioureas is investigated in the presence of TmsCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrano[4,3‐d]pyrimidinium Salts. Part 4. Transformations of 5,7‐Diaryl‐1,3‐dimethyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H,3H‐pyrano[4,3‐d]pyrimidinium Bromides under the Action of Phenylhydrazines and Aromatic Acid Hydrazides.
Authors: Kostrub V. V. , Tsupak E. B. , Smol'yakov A. F.
Published: November 2010

formation of hydrazides or recyclization products, i.e.pyridopyrimidine derivatives, depending on the reaction conditions and hydrazine derivative employed
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial, Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Ester and Hydrazide Derivatives of 3(2H)‐Pyridazinone.
Authors: Oezcelik Azime Berna , Goekce Mehtap , Orhan Ilkay , Kaynak Fatma , Sahin Mustafa Fethi
Published: November 2010

All the ester and hydrazide derivatives exhibit poor antibacterial and moderate antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Convenient One‐Pot Method for the Preparation of Alkali Metal Phosphinodiselenoates.
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: November 2010

Three‐component reaction of a secondary phosphine, elemental selenium and an alkali metal hydroxide allows the preparation of the title compounds in excellent yields.