bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Plants’ (Impatiens balsaminaandLantana camara) Fresh Leaves and Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Aritonang Henry F. , Koleangan Harry , Wuntu Audy D.
Published: July 2019

Plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials has been increasingly gaining popularity due to its eco-friendly nature and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, we synthesized silver (Ag) nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of fresh leaves ofImpatiens balsaminaandLantana camaramedicinal plants as bioreducing agents. This method allowed the synthesis of nanoparticles, which was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Vis spectra and visual observation showed that the color of the fresh leaf extracts ofL. camaraandI. balsaminaturned into grayish brown and brownish yellow, respectively, after treatment with Ag precursors. In addition, TEM analysis confirmed that AgNO3solutions for all concentrations produced Ag nanoparticles and their average size was less than 24 nm. Moreover, aqueous leaf extracts ofI. balsaminaandL. camarawere separately tested for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positiveStaphylococcus aureusand Gram-negativeEscherichia colibacteria. The results showed that the bacterial growth was inhibited by the extracts containing Ag nanoparticles. Statistical calculation performed using the Tukey test showed that zones of inhibition for the two bacteria produced by the aqueous leaf extracts ofL. camaracontaining 3 mM and 5 mM Ag precursors were not significantly different from that by ciprofloxacin as positive control. On the contrary, there was significant difference between the zone of inhibition forE. coliby ciprofloxacin and that by the extracts ofI. balsaminaleaves containing 3 mM and 5 mM Ag precursors. A similar result was observed on the zone of inhibition forS. aureusby the extracts ofI. balsaminaleaves containing 3 mM Ag precursor. It was shown that the aqueous extracts of freshL. camaraleaves containing Ag nanoparticles were comparable to ciprofloxacin in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Memory Property of Grey Accumulation Generation Sequence
Authors: Wu Lifeng , Gao Xiaohui , Chen Yan
Published: July 2019

The influence of grey accumulation generation operator on the memory of time sequence is discussed. Generalized Hurst exponent (GHE) approach is used to calculate the memory in three cases, namely, the M3‐Competition data, the air quality index in Beijing, Xingtai, and Handan, and the power generating capacity, and car production index in Hebei province. The result indicates that one order accumulation generation operator (1‐AGO) can weaken the volatility and strengthen the memory of time sequence. It also explains the reason that one‐order accumulation can be used in grey prediction.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Typical Piers of China’s High‐Speed Railway Bridge Line Using Pushover Analysis
Authors: Guo Wei , Hu Yao , Liu Hanyun , Bu Dan
Published: July 2019

Currently, it is a challenge to effectively assess the seismic performance of the high‐speed railway bridge line. To figure it out, this paper discussed the applicability of the Pushover analysis in the seismic fragility of the high‐speed railway bridge. As the piers are the core components to resist the earthquakes, a typical high‐speed railway bridge line consisting of 22 piers was established by the finite element software OpenSees. The influences of the different pier height and sites on the fragility analysis of the pies were investigated. From the component level, the seismic performance of the high‐speed railway bridge line was evaluated by the Pushover analysis. The results show that the seismic responses of the piers by the Pushover analysis are agreeable with those by the incremental dynamical analysis when the peak ground acceleration is less than 0.4g. The high piers have better seismic performance than the lower piers. The high‐speed railway bridge line exhibits good seismic performance under the 7‐degree design earthquake (0.15g) and the 8‐degree low‐level earthquake (0.10g) but may be severely damaged under the 9‐degree low‐level earthquake (0.40g).
Coupled Responses in a Partially Liquid‐Filled Cylindrical Tank with the Single Flexible Baffle under Pitching Excitations
Authors: Wang Jiadong , Liu Jinxing , Wang Dan
Published: July 2019

Antisloshing baffles are widely used in many engineering fields, including aerospace, ocean engineering, and nuclear engineering. The semianalytical scheme is proposed to explore the effect of the single flexible baffle on the coupled responses in the rigid cylindrical tank partially filled with ideal liquid undergoing the pitching excitation. The function series for the velocity potential, the dynamic deflection of the flexible baffle, and the surface wave height are given by introducing the time‐dependent generalized coordinates. The Stokes–Joukowski potentials which are contained in the liquid velocity potential can be solved analytically. According to the dynamic and kinematic equations for the free surface and the coupled vibration equation for the flexible baffle, the coupled dynamic response equations are obtained. The additional damping terms are introduced to account for the sloshing damping. The semianalytical method is validated by the comparison study with the numerical results. Parameter studies are conducted to investigate the effects of the parameters of the flexible baffle on the coupled responses of the system.
Modelo Integrativo y Multidimensional de Formulación Diagnóstica en Psiquiatría de Niños y Adolescentes
Authors: Pacheco Pacheco Bernardo
Published: July 2019

La Formulación Diagnóstica (FD) es un proceso clínico realizado por etapas, cuyo fin es guiar al psiquiatra en el análisis clínico psicopatológico inicial de un caso hasta el planteamiento diagnóstico global y un plan de tratamiento. En este artículo revisaremos el proceso de construcción de una FD en psiquiatría infantil analizando su definición y sus fases iniciales de construcción, destacando la importancia de la reflexión clínica inicial como medio de análisis para poder distinguir la sintomatología normativa con la de carácter psicopatológico. Exploraremos también la importancia de lo sindromático y el rol del diagnóstico diferencial. Finalmente se plantea, ilustrada por un caso clínico, una propuesta de organización de una FD integrativa y multidimensional aplicada a la psiquiatría infantil, siguiendo un modelo de factores de riesgo (7P) complementado con una perspectiva biopsicosocial y relacional, y con una propuesta de análisis de caso clínico desde la perspectiva de psicopatología del desarrollo.Se espera que el artículo sea un aporte fundamentalmente para los nuevos profesionales que se están formando en la especialidad y que necesitan de orientaciones clínicas para la realización de un diagnóstico psiquiátrico amplio. El conocimiento de cómo realizar una FD puede estimular el pensamiento reflexivo de los residentes de psiquiatría en su práctica clínica, lo cual puede desencadenar en la realización de diagnósticos psiquiátricos más integrales, y por lo tanto, planes de tratamiento más exitosos.
Evaluación histopatológica en las muestras de cirugía de pterigión: ¿Es necesario?
Authors: Fry Josefina , Grau Arturo , Herrera Josefina , Zoroquiain Velez José Pablo
Published: July 2019

Introducción: la neoplasia escamosa de superficie ocular (NESO) puede llevar a problemas estéticos y funcionales oculares. El pterigión en cambio es una patología benigna que cuando tiene un manejo quirúrgico las muestras son desechadas sin análisis histopatológico. El objetivo es hacer una revisión acerca de la fisiopatología, factores de riesgo e incidencia de NESO en lesiones clínicamente diagnosticadas como pterigión. Métodos: artículo de revisión. Se revisó la base de datos electrónica pubmed utilizando palabras claves como pterygium AND OSSN. Se revisaron los artículos en inglés y español que tuvieran información pertinente para dar respuesta a nuestro objetivo. Resultados: ambas patologías comparten características clínicas que hacen difícil diferenciarlas sólo en base al examen físico, y eventualmente pueden coexistir. No existen en Chile estudios relacionados a la prevalencia ni menos a la coexistencia de ambas patologías. Se encontraron frecuencias de NESO en pterigión entre 0,65 y 9,8% dependiendo de la región geográfica. Conclusiones: es importante mantener un alto nivel de sospecha para diagnosticar una NESO en pterigión y es importante crear conciencia en los oftalmólogos que estas lesiones pueden coexistir. Se requieren estudios prospectivos para analizar la incidencia de las NESO en pterigión en las distintas latitudes de nuestro país.
Tricomonas en extendidos celulares atróficos de pacientes posmenopáusicas. Reflexión sobre el hallazgo.
Authors: Torres Gómez Francisco Javier , Pérez Mendoza Carmen María
Published: July 2019

Señor Editor,Es un hecho constatable que los hábitos sexuales han cambiado en los últimos años, circunstancia que ha obligado a cambiar el modo en el que el profesional sanitario debe afrontar ciertos diagnósticos, cuando no dogmas, condicionados históricamente por criterios que ya no son vigentes en la práctica clínica. Como patólogo y ginecólogo que somos, hemos asistido en primera persona a estos cambios y a las repercusiones que los mismos han tenido a la hora de evaluar los hallazgos de frotis citológicos ginecológicos de rutina (triple toma o Pap test) de modo que distintas patologías antaño exclusivas de pacientes posmenopáusicas son detectadas en pacientes jóvenes sexualmente activas y, al contrario, distintas enfermedades tradicionalmente observadas en pacientes jóvenes son observadas en pacientes de edad avanzada, grupo de edad en el que tales entidades no solían ser diagnosticadas. Dejando de lado las excepciones, que siempre están presentes en cualquier disciplina médica, queremos llamar la atención sobre el alarmante aumento de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (E.T.S.) en pacientes mayores, y en concreto la presencia de tricomonas y los cambios citológicos concomitantes con su infección, en las células del tracto inferior femenino.
Poly Combs the Immune System: PRC2 Loss in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Can Dampen Immune Responses
Authors: Natarajan Siva Kumar , Venneti Sriram
Published: July 2019

Epigenetic modifications including altered DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications (PTM) are central to the biology of several cancers. These modifications can regulate DNA accessibility and consequently, gene expression. In this issue, Wojcik and colleagues explore epigenetic drivers of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) harboring loss-of-function polycomb-repressive complex 2 mutations. They demonstrate alterations in specific histone PTMs and a global increase in DNA methylation. Notably, epigenetic alterations related with aberrant upregulation of proteins involved in immune evasion, which informed identification of potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. This study helps understand the complex biology of MPNSTs and may enable future therapeutic development.

See related article by Wojcik et al., p. 3205
Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid in IL-1β-Induced Human Chondrosarcoma Cell Death through Involvement of the MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Fei , Song Yingchun , Guo Ai
Published: July 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive articular cartilage destruction and joint marginal osteophyte formation with different degrees of synovitis. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an unsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic functions. In this study, the human chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 was cultured in vitro, and an OA cell model was constructed with inflammatory factor IL-1β stimulation. After cells were treated with DHA, cell apoptosis was measured. Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression of apoptosis-related factors (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway family members, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. Our results show that IL-1β promotes the apoptosis of SW1353 cells, increases the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and activates the MAPK signaling pathway. In contrast, DHA inhibits the expression of IL-1β, inhibits IL-1β-induced cell apoptosis, and has a certain inhibitory effect on the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. When the MAPK signaling pathway is inhibited by its inhibitors, the effects of DHA on SW1353 cells are weakened. Thus, DHA enhances the apoptosis of SW1353 cells through the MAPK signaling pathway.
Characteristics of Recurrent Congenital Sinus Pericranii: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tamura Goichiro , Ogiwara Hideki , Morota Nobuhito
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Sinus pericranii (SP) involves transosseous vessels that connect the intra- and extracranial venous systems. Accessory-type SP can be cured by surgical or endovascular treatment. Reports of recurrence are, however, rare. Case: A boy presented with a soft-tissue mass on the left parietal region of the head. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the congenital SP with several small transosseous vessels surrounded by an area of thin bone. At the initial surgery, the vascular mass was completely excised by coagulating and cutting the ­transosseous vessels. The skull defect was filled with bone wax. Two years later, SP recurred at the same site. At the second surgery, the skull defect and surrounding area were sealed with acrylic resin. The boy has been followed up for 6 years without recurrence. Discussion: Potential risk factors for recurrence proposed in the existing literature include an unusually large number of emissary veins, rich circulation between intra- and extracranial venous systems, large bone defects, raised intracranial pressure, and association of other developmental venous anomalies. Our case demonstrates that thin skull bone around the original lesion can be another risk factor for recurrence. Conclusion: Removing all abnormal vessels and sealing the skull defect as well as the surrounding thin bone area are important to prevent recurrence of congenital SP.
Sialolipoma of the sublingual salivary gland in a dog – first report
Authors: Campos Andressa Gianotti , Patricio Geni , Castro Patrícia Ferreira de , Kanayama Luciane , Santos Alessandra Loureiro Morales dos , Cogliati Bruno , Matera Julia Maria
Published: July 2019

This report describes a 14-year-old Pit Bull dog presenting with a soft tissue swelling of 3-month progression in the right sublingual region. Histopathological analysis of the surgically resected specimen revealed large numbers of mature adipocytes and islets consisting of mucin-containing atrophic acini and dilated ducts surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. Findings were consistent with sialolipoma of the sublingual salivary gland. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of sialolipoma affecting the sublingual salivary gland in dogs.
“O Negro André”: a questão racial na vida e no pensamento do abolicionista André Rebouças
Authors: Soares Anita Maria Pequeno
Published: July 2019

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi analisar como o contexto das relações raciais influenciou na construção de si e na produção intelectual do negro, intelectual e abolicionista André Rebouças. Por meio, sobretudo, de consultas a fontes de pesquisa primárias, tornou-se possível reconstituir o processo de construção de uma consciência de si, vivido por André Rebouças, enquanto negro, cuja ancestralidade remetia à África. Foi possível notar que algumas características do seu pensamento social radicalizam-se ao mesmo tempo em que se aprofunda o autorreconhecimento de sua condição racial, o que temporalmente situa-se no período em que se autoexilou do Brasil, imediatamente após a proclamação da República, em 1889. Durante sua vivência em África, rompeu definitivamente com o silêncio que, no geral, mantinha sobre a sua realidade racial. Nesse período, ocorre uma inflexão no que tange à construção de si, passando a enxergar-se e a reafirmar-se enquanto homem negro e africano. Esse momento foi interpretado, como bem sugeriu Mattos (2010), à luz do conceito de “dupla consciência”, cunhado por Du Bois e aprofundando por Paul Gilroy em “O Atlântico Negro” (2012).
Uma resenha de O individualismo e os intelectuais
Authors: Costa Hilton
Published: July 2019

Resenha de Durkheim, Émile. O individualismo e os intelectuais. Ed. bilíngüe. Organização e edição: Márcia Consolim, Márcio de Oliveira, Raquel Weiss. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2016.
A “experiência precoce da punição”: justiça juvenil, adolescentes em conflito com a lei e instituições de internamento
Authors: Alvarez Marcos César , Lourenço Luiz Cláudio , Tonche Juliana
Published: July 2019

Apresentação
A teoria da “Racionalidade Penal Moderna” e os desafios da justiça juvenil
Authors: Gisi Bruna , Tonche Juliana , Alvarez Marcos César , Oliveira Thiago
Published: July 2019

A teoria da “Racionalidade Penal Moderna” e os desafios da justiça juvenil - Entrevista com Álvaro Pires
Myocarditis in the Setting of Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Bonaca Marc P. , Olenchock Benjamin A. , Salem Joe-Elie , Wiviott Stephen D. , Ederhy Stephane , Cohen Ariel , Stewart Garrick C. , Choueiri Toni K. , Di Carli Marcelo , Allenbach Yves , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Heinzerling Lucie , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Lyon Alexander R. , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Padera Robert , Lichtman Andrew , Liu Peter P. , Johnson Douglas B. , Moslehi Javid
Published: July 2019

Recent developments in cancer therapeutics have improved outcomes but have also been associated with cardiovascular complications. Therapies harnessing the immune system have been associated with an immune-mediated myocardial injury described as myocarditis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are one such therapy with an increasing number of case and cohort reports describing a clinical syndrome of immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated myocarditis. Although the full spectrum of immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated cardiovascular disease still needs to be fully defined, described cases of myocarditis range from syndromes with mild signs and symptoms to fatal events. These observations in the clinical setting stand in contrast to outcomes from randomized clinical trials in which myocarditis is a rare event that is investigator reported and lacking in a specific case definition. The complexities associated with diagnosis, as well as the heterogeneous clinical presentation of immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated myocarditis, have made ascertainment and identification of myocarditis with high specificity challenging in clinical trials and other data sets, limiting the ability to better understand the incidence, outcomes, and predictors of these rare events. Therefore, establishing a uniform definition of myocarditis for application in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapies will enable greater understanding of these events. We propose an operational definition of cancer therapy-associated myocarditis that may facilitate case ascertainment and report and therefore may enhance the understanding of the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of this novel clinical syndrome.
Vitamin D Trajectories From Birth to Early Childhood and Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure During Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Wang Guoying , Liu Xin , Bartell Tami R. , Pearson Colleen , Cheng Tina L. , Wang Xiaobin
Published: July 2019

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hypertension in adults. It is unknown to what degree vitamin D status in early life can affect blood pressure (BP) a decade later. This study investigated the effect of vitamin D trajectory through early life on systolic BP (SBP) in childhood. This is a prospective birth cohort study of 775 children enrolled from 2005 to 2012 and followed prospectively up to age 18 years at the Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA. Persistent low vitamin D status is defined as plasma 25(OH)D <11 ng/mL at birth and <25 ng/mL in early childhood. Elevated SBP is defined as SBP ≥75th percentile. Low vitamin D status at birth was associated with higher risk of elevated SBP at ages 3 to 18 years: odds ratio, 1.38; (95% CI, 1.01–1.87) compared to those with sufficient vitamin D. Low vitamin D status in early childhood was associated with a 1.59-fold (95% CI, 1.02–2.46) higher risk of elevated SBP at age 6 to 18 years. Persistent low vitamin D status from birth to early childhood was associated with higher risk of elevated SBP (odds ratio, 2.04; [95% CI, 1.13–3.67]) at ages 3 to 18 years. These results suggest that low vitamin D status and trajectory in early life were associated with increased risk of elevated SBP during childhood and adolescence. Our findings will help inform future clinical and public health strategies for vitamin D screening and supplementation in pregnancy and childhood to prevent or reduce risk of elevated BP across the lifespan and generations.
On the Organization of Grid and Place Cells: Neural Denoising via Subspace Learning
Authors: Schwartz David M. , Koyluoglu O. Ozan
Published: July 2019

Place cells in the hippocampus (HC) are active when an animal visits a certain location (referred to as a place field) within an environment. Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) respond at multiple locations, with firing fields that form a periodic and hexagonal tiling of the environment. The joint activity of grid and place cell populations, as a function of location, forms a neural code for space. In this article, we develop an understanding of the relationships between coding theoretically relevant properties of the combined activity of these populations and how these properties limit the robustness of this representation to noise-induced interference. These relationships are revisited by measuring the performances of biologically realizable algorithms implemented by networks of place and grid cell populations, as well as constraint neurons, which perform denoising operations. Contributions of this work include the investigation of coding theoretic limitations of the mammalian neural code for location and how communication between grid and place cell networks may improve the accuracy of each population's representation. Simulations demonstrate that denoising mechanisms analyzed here can significantly improve the fidelity of this neural representation of space. Furthermore, patterns observed in connectivity of each population of simulated cells predict that anti-Hebbian learning drives decreases in inter-HC-MEC connectivity along the dorsoventral axis.
Learning Compositional Representations of Interacting Systems with Restricted Boltzmann Machines: Comparative Study of Lattice Proteins
Authors: Tubiana Jérôme , Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi
Published: July 2019

A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is an unsupervised machine learning bipartite graphical model that jointly learns a probability distribution over data and extracts their relevant statistical features. RBMs were recently proposed for characterizing the patterns of coevolution between amino acids in protein sequences and for designing new sequences. Here, we study how the nature of the features learned by RBM changes with its defining parameters, such as the dimensionality of the representations (size of the hidden layer) and the sparsity of the features. We show that for adequate values of these parameters, RBMs operate in a so-called compositional phase in which visible configurations sampled from the RBM are obtained by recombining these features. We then compare the performance of RBM with other standard representation learning algorithms, including principal or independent component analysis (PCA, ICA), autoencoders (AE), variational autoencoders (VAE), and their sparse variants. We show that RBMs, due to the stochastic mapping between data configurations and representations, better capture the underlying interactions in the system and are significantly more robust with respect to sample size than deterministic methods such as PCA or ICA. In addition, this stochastic mapping is not prescribed a priori as in VAE, but learned from data, which allows RBMs to show good performance even with shallow architectures. All numerical results are illustrated on synthetic lattice protein data that share similar statistical features with real protein sequences and for which ground-truth interactions are known.
The Relationship of Scriptural Reuse to the Redaction of Malachi: Genesis 31-33 and Malachi 3.24
Authors: Lear Sheree
Published: July 2019

It is general consensus that Malachi 3:23-24 is a redactional insertion to the book of Malachi. Scholars have argued that the insertion creates a closure either to the book of Malachi or to a larger corpus in the Hebrew Bible (e.g. the Law and the Prophets). In this article, I will present evidence that draws this consensus into question. I will examine a pattern of scriptural reuse found throughout the book of Malachi that is also found in Malachi 3:24. I will demonstrate that throughout Malachi and in Malachi 3:24, elements of Genesis 31-33 are reused. Based on this observation, I will compare the scribal mechanics and hermeneutic employed in the incorporation of the reused texts into the Malachi corpus with those used in Malachi 3.24. I will argue that there are enough similarities in the employed mechanics and hermeneutic to conclude that Malachi 3:24 is not a redactional insertion.
Do cave orb spiders show unique behavioural adaptations to subterranean life? A review of the evidence
Authors: Hesselberg Thomas , Simonsen Daniel , Juan Carlos
Published: July 2019

Interest for subterranean biology has risen sharply in recent years due to the simplicity of the cave environment. However, most studies have focussed on morphology with few studies looking at behaviour. The cave orb spiders show some unique behavioural adaptations compared to other orb spiders, including rudimentary orb webs, off-web foraging and a complex life cycle with a surface phase. Here, we compare these behavioural adaptations in the European Meta menardi and Meta bourneti to similar behaviours in surface-dwelling orb spiders. We find that current data suggest (1) an extreme reduction in the number of frame threads, (2) evidence of capturing non-flying prey, but not necessarily evidence for off-web foraging and (3) dispersal through a surface-dwelling life stage, but with data lacking on the role of ballooning and their return to caves. We conclude that Meta spiders have potential as model organisms for studies on behavioural adaptations and flexibility.
Distribution and community structure of plant-parasitic nematodes and their relationship with some soil properties in betel vine-growing regions of West Bengal, India
Authors: Mondal Sandip , Sarkar Prahlad , Singh Amit , Khan Matiyar Rahaman , Mukherjee Abhishek
Published: July 2019

The distribution and community structure of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with betel (Piper betle) vine and their relationship with soil chemical properties were investigated in four major growing regions of West Bengal, India. Ordinary kriging method was applied to infer the patterns of spatial distribution of major plant-parasitic nematodes across the growing regions. Meloidogyne and Rotylenchulus were found to be the most abundant genera in betel vine crops in all growing regions. Co-inertia analysis between soil properties and nematode abundance indicated that soil chemical characters significantly affect abundances of plant-parasitic nematodes. The type of betel vine crop (sweet and bitter) also has a significant effect on the abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes, with the highest abundance of Meloidogyne reported from the bitter type of betel crop. Spatial distribution depicted a higher abundance of Meloidogyne throughout the North Bengal growing region. Root-knot and reniform nematodes are two important plant-parasitic nematodes of betel vine that might cause economic yield loss to the growers in West Bengal.
Last Philosophy: the Metaphysics of Capital from Sohn-Rethel to Žižek
Authors: Toscano Alberto
Published: July 2019

Beginning with his engagement with Alfred Sohn-Rethel’s seminal treatment of ‘real abstraction’, Intellectual and Manual Labour, Slavoj Žižek has repeatedly thematised and excavated the proposition that capitalism is innervated by a kind of actually-existing metaphysics, the scandal of an abstract form external to human cognition. This essay investigates Žižek’s use and criticism of Sohn-Rethel and outlines some of the developments and contradictions in his effort to confront capital’s challenge to philosophy’s self-sufficiency. It problematizes Žižek’s tendency to elide a model of abstraction as a hollowing-out or evacuation of social content (rooted in The Communist Manifesto) with a much more promising conception of real abstraction as its re-articulation or re-functioning, while querying Žižek’s recent efforts to transcend the purported limitations of Marx’s conceptualisation of capital in the direction of a (‘Lacanised’) Hegel.
Adorno’s Philistine: the Dialectic of Art and its Other
Authors: Ingram Paul
Published: July 2019

Theodor Adorno’s philistine functions as the other of art, or as the ideal embodiment of everything that the bourgeois aesthetic subject is not. He insists on the truth-content of the derogation, while recognising its unjust social foundation, and seeking to reflect that tension in a self-critical turn. His model of advanced art is negatively delimited by the philistinism of art with a cause and the philistinism of art for enjoyment, which represent the poles of the aesthetic and the social. The philistine is also the counterpart to the connoisseur, with the interplay between them pointing to his preferred approach to aesthetics, in which an affinity for art and alienness to it are combined without compromise. However, Adorno fails to realise fully the critical potential of the philistine as the immanent negation of art and aesthetics.
The Trinitarian Pattern of Redemption in Richard Sibbes (1577–1635)
Authors: Rempel Brent A.
Published: July 2019

This essay offers an extended treatment of the trinitarian principles in the theology of the seventeenth-century English conformist Richard Sibbes (1577–1635). Sibbes established an asymmetrical ontological relationship between the eternal triune processions and the economic missions, wherein God’s immanent life of Father, Son, and Spirit constitutes God’s outward acts. The ad intra ordering—from the Father, through the Son, by the Holy Spirit—governs the economic missions of the Son and Holy Spirit. This trinitarian taxis, moreover, funds Sibbes’s creative pneumatology. The Holy Spirit’s eternal procession from the Father and the Son uniquely shapes the Spirit’s ad extra operations in unition, sanctification, and assurance. The Spirit eternally indwells the breast of the Father and Son and, as such, is supremely fit to witness to their eternal love among the saints. In Sibbes’s affectionate theology, God’s triune life serves as an anchor and repository for soteriological reflection.
Law for Tanzimat: Islam and Sovereignty in Kemalpaşazade Sait’s Legal Thought
Authors: Fujinami Nobuyoshi
Published: July 2019

Kemalpaşazade Sait (1848-1921) is widely acknowledged as one of the first Ottomans to have published textbooks on both international and domestic law, but few studies inquire into the characteristics of his thought in the context of modern legal studies. In his discussion of international law, Sait neglects Islam and fails adequately to examine the question of semi-sovereignty, a vital concern of Ottoman diplomacy at the time. In the field of domestic law, Sait concentrates on praising Reşit Pasha and the Tanzimat reforms he orchestrated, by identifying Islam with the modern Western ideal of law. Throughout his texts, Sait has little to say about the (secular) state’s sovereignty and its exercises. Sait’s approach to Islam and sovereignty, arguably two of the most fundamental issues in Ottoman law, apparently failed to keep pace with the development of legal studies after the Young Turk Revolution.
Chicago, Newberry Library, Masi Fragm. 14 and the Fate of the Theodulf Bible in the Long Ninth Century
Authors: Steinova Evina
Published: July 2019

Manuscript fragment Chicago, Newberry Library, Masi Fragm. 14 was previously misidentified as containing an unknown sermon or biblical excerpts. It is, in fact, a remnant of large-format deluxe Bible containing a set of Spanish prefaces to the Pauline epistles. These prefaces identify the deluxe codex as a descendant of a Theodulf Bible, a scholarly revision of the biblical text produced in the first decades of the ninth century by Theodulf of Orleans. Only seven copies of the Theodulf Bible are known. It is thus relevant that the Newberry fragment may have been dependent on another, previously unknown copy that was kept in one of the large monasteries of northwestern France, from which the fragment most probably comes. Because of its provenance from Haspres, the deluxe manuscript may have been produced in the nearby abbey of St. Vaast in Arras or perhaps by the community of the abbey of Jumièges.
Jessica Hahn and Pentecostal Silence on Sexual Abuse
Authors: Wigger John
Published: July 2019

In 1980 Jessica Hahn was sexually assaulted by two pentecostal preachers, one of whom was one of the most famous televangelists of the time. Her experience reveals why our current dialogue about powerful men and the reluctance of survivors to come forward applies just as much to Pentecostals, and evangelicals more broadly, as anyone else. For nearly seven years Hahn was pressured into silence. When her story became the center of a national scandal in 1987, she faced unrelenting scorn in the press and silence from the church. Thirty years later she has retreated into obscurity while her most famous assailant, Jim Bakker, is still on television, preaching the gospel. Building on research for the recently published PTL: The Rise and Fall of Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker’s Evangelical Empire and from a subsequent interview with Hahn, this essay challenges Pentecostals to re-examine her story, as a necessary step in responding to the #MeToo movement.
Biology, feeding and oviposition preference of Helopeltis theivora, with notes on the differential distribution of species of the tea mosquito bug species complex across elevations
Authors: Thube Shivaji H. , Mahapatro Gagana Kumar , Mohan Chandrika , Pandian R. Thava Prakasa , Apshara Elain , C.T. Jose
Published: July 2019

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important beverage crop and commercially grown as a plantation crop. With the changing climate, the tea mosquito bug species complex, viz., Helopeltis theivora, H. bradyi and H. antonii, is emerging as a major threat to cocoa cultivation in India. Among the species of this complex H. theivora is responsible for causing considerable damage. The present investigations were carried out to find a weak link in the life cycle of H. theivora so it can be managed effectively. Specimens of the tea mosquito bug were found to first appear during the first week of September in South India. Helopeltis theivora requires on average 29.28 days to complete its life cycle on cocoa. The highest level of natural mortality was recorded in the first-instar nymph. The total developmental period of the fifth-instar nymph was significantly longer than that for the other nymphal instars. The sex ratio reflects that the population is highly female-biased, which may contribute to the dominant nature of this species in the cocoa ecosystem. Observation of the feeding and oviposition behavior of H. theivora revealed that the insect prefers to feed and oviposit on developing pods rather than on leaves and shoots. Analysis of the species distribution of tea mosquito bug at different elevations revealed that cocoa gardens situated less than 300 meter above mean sea level are dominated by H. theivora, whereas gardens situated more than 300 meter above mean sea level are dominated by H. bradyi. This separation of species across elevation may be driven either by abiotic or biotic factors.
Upper thermal tolerance of early juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species
Authors: Kasuya Nao , Sanda Tetsuya , Hamasaki Katsuyuki , Dan Shigeki , Kitada Shuichi
Published: July 2019

Because temperature strongly influences biological processes of ectotherms, they must adapt to the thermal conditions of their habitats. We evaluated the upper thermal tolerance of early juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species in the family Coenobitidae (genera Birgus and Coenobita), B. latro, C. brevimanus, C. cavipes, C. purpureus, C. rugosus, and C. violascens, that occur in the northwestern Pacific region of Japan. A total of 30 laboratory-raised juveniles (approximately 1 mm in shield length) carrying gastropod shells were individually stocked in small plastic cups with sandy bottoms in temperature-controlled incubation chambers at ∼27°C. The temperature was increased by 1°C every 48 h, and the juveniles were observed until all the crabs had died. The median upper lethal temperature was estimated as the temperature at which 50% of the test juveniles had died. The median upper lethal temperature estimates significantly varied among the species. Coenobita violascens, which mainly occurs in mangrove estuaries with lower thermal conditions, had the lowest median upper lethal temperature values. The median upper lethal temperature values estimated for B. latro were slightly lower than those for the other Coenobita species, probably reflecting its cryptic nature in natural habitats during the juvenile stage. The most northerly distributed species, C. purpureus, had the highest median upper lethal temperature values, suggesting the existence of common physiological mechanisms that regulate both upper and lower thermal tolerance abilities.
Doctor’s Criminal Liability and Medically Assisted Death – The Portuguese Case
Authors: Raposo Vera Lúcia
Published: July 2019

Recently, the Portuguese Parliament discussed four proposals aimed at allowing some forms of medically assisted death. However, all of them were rejected by the majority. Therefore, doctors who in some way accelerate a patient’s death risk being convicted of the crime of homicide. Portuguese law provides some legal mechanisms that can exempt a doctor from criminal liability, such as causes excluding the conduct’s wrongfulness, and causes excluding the doctor’s culpability. Other elements to take into consideration are a proper interpretation of homicide crimes, thereby excluding conducts without the intent to kill; the relevance of patient consent; and the rejection of medical futility. This article explains how a doctor may not be held criminally accountable for medically assisted death, even in restrictive jurisdictions such as the Portuguese one.
Article 7 of the Directive 2012/13/EU on the Right to Information in Criminal Proceedings: A Missed Opportunity to Ensure Equality of Arms in Pre-Trial Proceedings?
Authors: Pivaty Anna , Soo Anneli
Published: July 2019

This article critically examines the EU law provisions on the right of access to the materials of the case in pre-trial criminal proceedings (Article 7 of Directive 2012/13/EU). It argues that they are insufficient to ensure adequate protection of this right in Member States. Furthermore, the approach chosen by EU legislator did not properly implement the European principle of the equality of arms in pre-trial proceedings. It is submitted that a clearer standard is needed to ensure an appropriate balance between the interests of adequate protection of individual rights and of protecting safety and security. It is suggested that although some room for national interpretation is desirable, the right of early access to the case materials should be endorsed by all Member States with derogations applied sparingly and under specific circumstances. Here further guidelines from the cjeu play significant role in order to ensure equality of arms in pre-trial proceedings.
The Legal Force of Conclusions by the Lithuanian Constitutional Court and the issue of their (Non-)finality: Has the Time Come to Amend the Constitution?
Authors: Pūraitė-Andrikienė Dovilė
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the need, preconditions and possibilities for modifying the constitutionally consolidated regulation whereby the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania gives conclusions on the issues specified in the Constitution while, on the basis of its conclusions, the Seimas takes a final decision; in addition, the discussion looks at other issues that have emerged in the course of the lately adjudicated cases of the type in question and necessitate the modification of the consolidated legal regulation. These issues are examined in the context of powers conferred on constitutional justice institutions in other Central and Eastern European states, with a view to comparing the scope of powers vested with constitutional justice institutions in Lithuania and other states of this region in the area under discussion.
Introduction
Authors: van den Heever Gerhard A.
Published: July 2019

The essay is a theoretical manifesto that sets out the framework for the kind of discourses that are particularly promoted in the journal. The influence of contexts of social, cultural, and political changes in society on the formation of disciplines is highlighted, particularly with regard to South Africa and current debates on the decolonialisation of science and knowledge regimes. It is argued that what is at issue here is the juxtaposition of two discourses, the discourses of the study of religion and that of theology. Theorising this juxtaposition is a way to move beyond the insider–outsider perspective on the study of religion and theology. This paves the path to a metatheoretical and transdisciplinary stance that understands the study of religion and theology as a subset of a larger project, namely the general study of discourse production. This approach situates such studies squarely within humanistic studies, the study of how humans imaginatively create their world to live in.
The Limits of the ‘Autumn of Historiography’: on Frank Ankersmit’s Postmodernist Moment
Authors: Menezes Jonathan
Published: July 2019

For some contemporary historical theorists, the postmodernist movement in history and its nearly unilateral orientation towards language or discourse recently became subject to ‘the law of diminishing returns’ due to shifts in interests of philosophers and theorists of history at this time. Nevertheless, the contributions left by postmodernism in Western historical thought are too noticeable to be denied, even by those who have criticized it in the past. Frank Ankersmit is one of the few theorists that has been on both sides; firstly, he swiftly tied his case to postmodernism, and secondly, he joined those who, then and now, think that postmodernism was nothing more than an irresponsible and irretrievable trend. Hence, the aim of this paper is to explore some of the particularities of Ankersmit’s affair with postmodernism, taking his metaphor of ‘the autumn of historiography’ as an example of the limits of this relationship and its eventual end.
A Note on Safety and Iterated Knowledge
Authors: Hirsch Eli , Jenny Matthias
Published: July 2019

Timothy Williamson has argued that the safety condition on knowledge places certain limits on iterations of knowledge. But at the same time, Williamson claims that interpersonal iterations of knowledge aren’t so restricted as to rule out ordinary cases. The present authors show that Williamson’s discussion misconstrues the challenge to iterated interpersonal knowledge. The proper argument against interpersonal iterations is rather what the authors call a third-person argument that does not share the major weaknesses of the argument Williamson considers. The challenge that the safety condition poses to interpersonal iterations of knowledge therefore seems robust, even in ordinary cases. But the authors also identify an underlying assumption that their argument relies on, and they show that Williamson’s original argument as well as his argument against intrapersonal iterations of knowledge rely on analogous assumptions. In assessing the extent of the clash between safety and iterated knowledge, the focus must be on the viability of these assumptions.
An Argument for the Obstinate Rigidity of Proper Names
Authors: Zouhar Marián
Published: July 2019

A recent argument suggests that proper names are persistently rigid designators. Invoking the Kaplanian distinction between a world of the context of utterance and a world of the circumstance of evaluation, the argument maintains that names have to designate something only in the former, but not in the latter, implying thus that the designated objects must exist only in the former world. This paper shows that names designate something in both kinds of world and are thus obstinately rigid. This is achieved in three steps. First, the author argues that the contents of names must be available in possible worlds regardless of whether the named objects exist in them. Second, the author argues that these contents are expressed by English names in both kinds of world. Third, since Millianism suggests that names express contents by way of designating objects, the author argues that they have to designate something in both kinds of world.
On Hybrid Expressivism about Aesthetic Judgments
Authors: Hirvonen Sanna , Karczewska Natalia , Sikorski Michał P.
Published: July 2019

Contextualist accounts of aesthetic predicates have difficulties explaining why we feel that speakers are disagreeing when they make true and compatible but superficially contradictory aesthetic judgments. One possible way to account for the disagreement is hybrid expressivism, which holds that the disagreement happens at the level of pragmatically conveyed, clashing contents about the speakers’ conative states. Marques (2016) defends such a strategy, combining dispositionalism about value, contextualism, and hybrid expressivism. This paper critically evaluates the plausibility of the suggested pragmatic mechanisms in conveying the kind of contents Marques takes to explain disagreements. The positive part suggests an alternative account of how aesthetic judgments are sources of information about speakers’ conative aesthetic states.
Separating the Magical from the Real
Authors: Wessels Michael
Published: July 2019

Zakes Mda’s novel She Plays with the Darkness has been characterised as a magical realist novel. It is notable, though, that the magical elements are reserved almost exclusively for the sections of the novel that relate to the major character, Dikosha, and her world of music, art and dance. Central to this world are the Barwa, better known as the Bushmen or San. This article is chiefly concerned with the novel’s representation of Dikosha’s relationship with the Barwa. It also examines the depiction of the Barwa way of life and the symbolic resonance they possess for the present.