bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Subsequent Market Value of Former REO Properties
Authors: Rutherford Jessica , Rutherford Ronald C. , Strom Elizabeth , Wedge Lei
Published: January 2016

In this study, we find the subsequent price for a property initially sold as a real estate owned (REO) property occurs at market prices. The subsequent price to the REO purchaser is related to indicators that the property has been remodeled, renovated, or updated. This suggests that the difference between the price received by servicers/lenders that foreclose and sell a REO property, and the price received by subsequent property owners that sell is in large part due to timely improvements made postforeclosure. Lenders are not selling REO properties at irrational prices, but rather at prices that reflect the condition of the properties.
Impact of cold on the immune system of burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Authors: Urbański Arkadiusz , Czarniewska Elżbieta , Baraniak Edward , Rosiński Grzegorz
Published: January 2016

Insect overwintering is one of the most astonishing phases of the insect life cycle. Despite vast amounts of knowledge available about the physiological mechanisms of this phenomenon, the impact of stress factors on insect immune system functioning during the winter is still unknown. The aim of this study is to analyze how low temperatures influence the immune system of the beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. The results show that the beetle's immune system is differently modulated by cold induced in laboratory settings than that which occurs in natural conditions. Among beetles cultured in conditions similar to summer, low temperatures, did not influence the number of circulating haemocytes, phenoloxidase activity, haemocytes morphology, and percentage ratio of haemocyte types. In these beetles, differences were noted only in the ability of haemocytes to perform phagocytosis. Individuals acclimated in natural conditions in autumn had a higher level of humoral response and a different percentage ratio of haemocyte types. During the winter period, the number of haemocytes in the beetles decreased, but the percentage ratio of phagocytic haemocytes increased. Furthermore, we noted an increase of phenoloxidase activity. Our study also showed mitotic divisions of haemocytes in haemolymph collected from burying beetles after cold exposure and from burying beetles collected from natural conditions during autumn and winter. Differences in response to low temperatures in laboratory conditions and the natural environment suggest that the simultaneous presence of other stress factors during winter such as desiccation and starvation have a significant influence on the activity of burying beetle's immune system.
Global Public Health: A Review and Discussion of the Concepts, Principles and Roles of Global Public Health in Today's Society
Authors: Jenkins Chris , Lomazzi Marta , Yeatman Heather , Borisch Bettina
Published: January 2016

Global public health as a concept needs examination. Given that the use of the term has become so common, across such broad topics, it is worthwhile to take stock, review and evaluate how it is being used. In an ever‐changing and increasingly globalised context, how should global public health be understood and how should it adapt?

We conducted a literature review of articles between 1990 and 2014 that included the phrase ‘global public health’ in the title and/or abstract. Using these articles and some specifically selected influential articles from outside the search parameters we found that the articles rarely engage with political factors impacting on health, instead focusing on disease‐specific challenges or technical issues.

This article seeks to contribute to a wider study and discussion on the role of global public health in today's global setting, conducted by the World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters in Geneva.
Digestive evaluation of soy isolate protein as affected by heat treatment and soy oil inclusion in broilers at an early age
Authors: Zhang Xianglun , Lu Peng , Xue Wenyue , Wu Dawei , Wen Chao , Zhou Yanmin
Published: January 2016

Soy protein isolate (SPI) mixed with soybean oil (SPIO) incubated at 100°C for 8 h was used to evaluate changes of solubility and digestibility of SPI in vitro and digestive function in broilers at an early age. Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to three groups with six replicates of 12 birds, receiving basal diet (CON), 8 h heat‐oxidized SPI diet (HSPI) and 8 h heat‐oxidized mixture of SPI and 2% soybean oil diet (HSPIO) for 21 days, respectively. Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) declined and soybean oil accelerated the decline of NSI during incubation (P < 0.05). Decreased in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were observed in SPIO (P < 0.05). HSPI and HSPIO decreased body weight gain, relative jejunum weight and pancreatic trypsin activity at day 21 (P < 0.05). HSPIO decreased anterior intestinal trypsin activity at day 14 and amylase and trypsin activity at day 21, pancreatic amylase activity at day 21 and apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter and CP of broilers from days 18 to 20 (P < 0.05). Heat treatment and soybean oil could induce oxidative modification of SPI, and oxidized SPI negatively affected growth and digestion of broilers. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science
Radiographic size of retroperitoneal lymph nodes predicts pathological nodal involvement for patients with renal cell carcinoma: development of a risk prediction model
Authors: Gershman Boris , Takahashi Naoki , Moreira Daniel M. , Thompson Robert H. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Lohse Christine M. , Costello Brian A. , Cheville John C. , Leibovich Bradley C.
Published: January 2016

Objectives

To evaluate the ability of clinical and radiographic features to predict lymph node (pN1) disease among patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN), and to develop a preoperative risk prediction model.

Patients and Methods

In all, 220 patients with preoperative computed tomography scans available for review underwent RN with lymph node dissection (LND) from 2000 to 2010. Radiographic features were assessed by one genitourinary radiologist blinded to pN status. Associations of features with pN1 disease were evaluated using logistic regression to develop predictive models. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis.

Results

The median (interquartile range) lymph node yield was 10 (5–18). In all, 55 patients (25%) had pN1 disease at RN. On univariable analysis, the maximum lymph node (LN) short axis diameter [odds ratio (OR) 1.17; P < 0.001] predicted pN1 disease with an AUC of 0.84. Although several clinical and radiographic features were associated with pN1 disease, only two were retained in the multivariable model: maximum LN short axis diameter (OR 1.19; P <0.001) and radiographic perinephric/sinus fat invasion (OR 44.64; P = 0.01), with an AUC of 0.85. On decision curve analysis, the single variable and multivariable models showed similar net benefit.

Conclusion

Two radiographic features, maximum LN short axis diameter and perinephric/sinus fat invasion, outperformed traditional clinical variables in predicting pN1 disease. Maximum LN short axis diameter alone showed excellent predictive performance, and, if validated externally, would provide for a simple model to guide patient selection for LND.
The incidence and sequela of lymphocele formation after robot‐assisted extended pelvic lymph node dissection
Authors: Keskin Mehmet Selcuk , Argun Ömer Burak , Öbek Can , Tufek Ilter , Tuna Mustafa Bilal , Mourmouris Panogiotis , Erdoğan Sarper , Kural Ali Rıza
Published: January 2016

Objective

To determine an accurate incidence of lymphocele formation and its sequela after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and extended lymph node dissection (eLND) in a contemporary prostate cancer cohort.

Patients and Method

Consecutive patients who underwent RARP and eLND and had a minimum follow‐up of 3 months were included. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon via a transperitoneal approach, with patients uniformly receiving low‐molecular‐weight heparin. Patients were followed with serial ultrasonography (US) based on a predetermined schedule for lymphocele surveillance. Incidence and sequelae of lymphoceles were retrospectively assessed.

Results

In all, 521 patients were analysed. The mean (sd) follow‐up was 33.5 (22.8) months. Lymphocele developed in 9% and became symptomatic in 2.5%. All except one were detected at the 1‐month postoperative US; however, 76% regressed by the 3‐month US. If lymphocele persisted at 3 months, 64% developed symptoms associated with infection and required drainage. Having diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing an infected lymphocele. Other symptoms related to lymphocele were rare. Comparisons of patient characteristics between patients with and without lymphoceles did not show any significant prognostic indicators to predict the occurrence of lymphocele in neither univariate nor multivariate analysis in the present cohort.

Conclusion

The incidence of symptomatic lymphocele after transperitoneal RARP and eLND is rare. However, during follow‐up, US imaging at 3 months after surgery appears advisable. If a lymphocele is detected at the 3‐month follow‐up US discussing percutaneous external drainage with the patient appears to be wise, as it may prevent the development of a symptomatic lymphocele in two‐thirds of such patients.
Ambulatory movements, team dynamics and interactions during robot‐assisted surgery
Authors: Ahmad Nabeeha , Hussein Ahmed A. , Cavuoto Lora , Sharif Mohamed , Allers Jenna C. , Hinata Nobuyuki , Ahmad Basel , Kozlowski Justen D. , Hashmi Zishan , Bisantz Ann , Guru Khurshid A.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To analyse ambulatory movements and team dynamics during robot‐assisted surgery (RAS), and to investigate whether congestion of the physical space associated with robotic technology led to workflow challenges or predisposed to errors and adverse events.

Methods

With institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed 10 recorded robot‐assisted radical prostatectomies in a single operating room (OR). The OR was divided into eight zones, and all movements were tracked and described in terms of start and end zones, duration, personnel and purpose. Movements were further classified into avoidable (can be eliminated/improved) and unavoidable (necessary for completion of the procedure).

Results

The mean operating time was 166 min, of which ambulation constituted 27 min (16%). A total of 2 896 ambulatory movements were identified (mean: 290 ambulatory movements/procedure). Most of the movements were procedure‐related (31%), and were performed by the circulating nurse. We identified 11 main pathways in the OR; the heaviest traffic was between the circulating nurse zone, transit zone and supply‐1 zone. A total of 50% of ambulatory movements were found to be avoidable.

Conclusion

More than half of the movements during RAS can be eliminated with an improved OR setting. More studies are needed to design an evidence‐based OR layout that enhances access, workflow and patient safety.
Involvement of the orexin/hypocretin system in the pharmacological effects induced by Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Flores África , Julià‐Hernández Marina , Maldonado Rafael , Berrendero Fernando
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose

Anatomical, biochemical and pharmacological evidence suggest the existence of a crosstalk between the orexinergic and endocannabinoid systems. While the orexin receptor 1 (OX1 receptor) modulates the reinforcing properties of cannabinoids, the participation of orexins in the acute pharmacological effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) remains unexplored.

Experimental Approach

We assessed the possible role of orexins in THC‐induced hypolocomotion, hypothermia, antinociception, anxiolytic‐ and anxiogenic‐like effects and memory impairment. Selective OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonists and OX1 knockout (KO) mice as well as prepro‐orexin (PPO) KO mice were used as pharmacological and genetic approaches. CB1 receptor levels in control and PPO KO mice were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. The expression of c‐Fos after THC treatment was analysed in several brain areas in wild‐type mice and in mice lacking the PPO gene.

Key Results

The hypothermia, supraspinal antinociception and anxiolytic‐like effects induced by THC were modulated by orexins through OX2 receptor signalling. OX1 receptors did not seem to be involved in these THC responses. No differences in CB1 receptor levels were found between wild‐type and PPO KO mice. THC‐induced increase in c‐Fos expression was reduced in the central amygdala, medial preoptic area and lateral septum in these mutant mice.

Conclusions and Implications

Our results provide new findings to further clarify the interaction between orexins and cannabinoids. OX1 and OX2 receptors are differently implicated in the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids.
ADAM23 is downregulated in side population and suppresses lung metastasis of lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Ota Masahide , Mochizuki Satsuki , Shimoda Masayuki , Abe Hitoshi , Miyamae Yuka , Ishii Ken , Kimura Hiroshi , Okada Yasunori
Published: January 2016

Cancer cells contain a small population of cancer stem cells or cancer initiating cells, which can be enriched in the side population (SP) after fluorescence activated cell sorting. To examine the members of the ADAM, ADAMTS and MMP gene families related to phenotypes of the SP and the main population (MP), we screened the expression of all the members in the propagated SP and MP of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, and found that the relative expression ratio of ADAM23 in the MP to the SP is most highly increased, but none of them are increased in the SP. A similar result on the ADAM23 expression was obtained with another cell line, Calu‐3 cells. Overexpression of ADAM23 inhibited colony formation, cell adhesion and migration, and knockdown of ADAM23 by shRNA showed the reverse effects. ADAM23‐mediated suppression of colony formation, cell adhesion and migration was greatly reduced by treatment with neutralizing anti‐ADAM23 antibody, anti‐αvβ3 integrin antibody and/or ADAM23 disintegrin peptide. Expression of cancer stem cell‐related genes, including AKRC1/2, TM4SF1 and NR0B1, was increased by knockdown of ADAM23. In addition, lung metastasis of A549 transfectants with different levels of ADAM23 expression was negatively regulated by the ADAM23 expression levels. Our data provide evidence that ADAM23 plays a role in suppression of cancer cell progression through interaction with αvβ3 integrin, and suggest that downregulation of ADAM23 in SP cells may contribute toward providing a cancer stem cell phenotype by facilitating the activity of integrin αvβ3.
Dynamics of salivary cortisol in chronic kidney disease patients at stages 1 through 4
Authors: Cardoso Estela María del Luján , Arregger Alejandro Luis , Budd Dianne , Zucchini Alfredo Enrique , Contreras Liliana Noemí
Published: January 2016

Context

End‐stage renal disease has been associated with derangement of the HPA function. The dynamics of this axis in early stages of renal disease (CKD) has not been assessed.

Objectives

To evaluate in patients with CKD at stages 1–4 (KDOQI): the diurnal variation of salivary cortisol; the suppressibility of cortisol in saliva and serum after an overnight oral 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg DST) with simultaneous measurement of circulating dexamethasone.

Design and Methods

80 CKD outpatients and 40 healthy subjects were included. All CKD collected whole saliva at 08·00 and 23·00 h (SAF23) on two nonconsecutive days. Thereafter at 08·00 h, following 1 mg DST, saliva and blood were obtained. Salivary and serum cortisol as well as CBG were assessed by RIA, dexamethasone by ELISA and serum free cortisol was calculated.

Results

SAF23 correlated negatively with glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The fraction of free cortisol in serum and saliva after 1 mg DST, correlated positively and significantly in both patients with CKD and healthy subjects (r: 0·86 and r: 0·85, respectively; P < 0·0001 for both). Ten percent of CKD with GFR < 90 ml/min/1·73 m2 had false positive results unrelated to dexamethasone and CBG concentrations.

Conclusions

False positive responses to 1 mg DST were associated with GFR < 90 ml/min/1·73 m2. This could not be ascribed to either defects in dexamethasone absorption or CBG concentrations. Higher dexamethasone doses were necessary to achieve adequate HPA suppression. Salivary cortisol was useful to assess circadian cortisol levels and feed‐back regulation in CKD.
Multicentre prospective evaluation of implant‐assisted mandibular removable partial dentures: surgical and prosthodontic outcomes
Authors: Payne Alan G. T. , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , Wismeijer Daniel , De Silva Rohana K. , Ma Sunyoung
Published: January 2016

Objective

To determine implant survival and prosthodontic maintenance of implant‐assisted mandibular removable partial dentures in a multicentre prospective study up to 10 years.

Materials and methods

Forty‐eight participants with mandibular distal extension partial dentures were selected. A control group of 12 New Zealand participants had new conventional mandibular partial dentures made. Three test groups of 36 participants in New Zealand (n = 12), the Netherlands (n = 12) and Colombia (n = 12) had bilateral distal implants placed. Surgical and prosthodontic outcomes were documented with only healing caps placed (Stage 1) and with an attachment system (Stage 2).

Results

No implants failed after 3 years. Four late implant failures in three participants occurred in New Zealand (two unilateral implant failures after 5 and 8 years and two bilateral implant failures in the same participant after 6 and 10 years); two unilateral late implant failures occurred in the Netherlands and no late failures in Colombia. Implant survival rate was 92% by 10 years. Resonance frequency measurements were taken at surgery implant stability quotient (ISQ) 62.44 ± 7.46; range 40 – 79), baseline (ISQ 63.22 ± 6.17; range 50 – 74) and after 3 years (ISQ 66.38 ± 6.77; range 55 – 83). In New Zealand and Colombia, measured crestal bone levels were 2.03 ± 0.71 mm and 2.20 ± 0.81 mm, respectively, at baseline and 3 years. For Stage I, principal prosthodontic maintenance issues were loose healing caps among 10 New Zealand participants, four Colombian participants and one Netherlands participant. For Stage 2, matrix activation and overdenture puncture fractures resulted in 41 events (25 participants) in New Zealand over 10 years, whilst over 3 years, there were 14 events in nine Colombian participants and six events in five Netherlands participants.

Conclusion

This clinical multicentre research complements previous case reports, case series, retrospective and prospective studies on the notion of implant‐assisted removable partial dentures for partially edentulous patients. Late implant failures and increased prosthodontic maintenance when an attachment system is used identify the need for further research, including more robust statistical analyses.
Comparison of conventional twist drill protocol and piezosurgery for implant insertion: an ex vivo study on different bone types
Authors: Sagheb Keyvan , Kumar Vinay V. , Azaripour Adriano , Walter Christian , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W.
Published: January 2016

Objective

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare implant insertion procedures using piezosurgery and conventional drilling in different qualities of bone. Implant bed preparation time, generated heat, and primary implant stability were analyzed.

Material and methods

Fresh ex vivo porcine bone block samples (cancellous, mixed, and cortical bone) were obtained. The bone quality was quantified by ultrasound transmission velocity (UTV). Each bone sample received three implants of the same diameter using each of the techniques of piezosurgery and conventional twist drills. Time for preparation was taken and the temperature while performing the osteotomy was measured using infrared spectroscopy. The primary implant stability after osteotomy was measured using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and extrusion torque (ET). ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test was carried out to compare the values for the three different groups.

Results

The UTV values strongly correlated with the density of the bone samples. There was a significant increase in time (threefold, P < 0.05 [302 s vs. 122 s in cortical bone]) but no difference in the temperature for the piezo group (~37°C in cortical bone). Regardless of the osteotomy technique, there was a statistically significant increase in RFA and ET values in implants inserted in cancellous bone (RFA: piezo 77, drill 76; ET: piezo 22, drill 21), mixed bone (RFA: piezo 85, drill 86; ET: piezo 105, drill 61), and cortical bone (RFA: piezo 90, drill 87; ET piezo 184, drill 79) samples, respectively (P < 0.05). In between the different osteotomy groups, there was no difference in the RFA values but significant higher ET values in mixed/cortical bone samples in favor for the piezosurgery group.

Conclusion

Piezosurgery and conventional implant bed drilling procedure do have similar mechanical outcomes regarding primary stability with high RFA values, but the preparation does need more time for piezosurgery group, so that piezosurgery might be a valuable tool in only very specific cases for implant bed preparation.
The influence of initial mucosal thickness on crestal bone change in similar macrogeometrical implants: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: van Eekeren Paul , van Elsas Pieter , Tahmaseb Ali , Wismeijer Daniel
Published: January 2016

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate crestal bone changes around bone‐ and tissue‐level implants related to initial mucosal thickness.

Materials and methods

Patients received at least 2 implants: one with the prosthetic abutment connection at the crestal bone level (MC) and one with the prosthetic abutment connection at 2.5 mm supra crestal (LC). Flap thickness measurements were taken using a periodontal probe after raising the buccal flap. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the mucosal thickness—Group A (thickness, ≤2 mm) and Group B (thickness, >2 mm).

Results

Our study included 33 patients and 78 implants. Each patient received at least 1 implant of each type: Group A (MC), 17 implants, with a mean bone change of −0.6 ± 0.5 mm; Group B (MC), 20 with a mean bone change of −0.2 ± 0.4 mm; Group A (LC), 15 with a mean bone change of −0.1 ± 0.5 mm; and Group B (LC), 22 with a mean bone change of −0.2 ± 0.4 mm. A paired‐samples t‐test for groups A (MC) and B (MC) yielded a statistically significant difference (P = 0.003); there was no statistically significant difference for groups A (LC) and B (LC) (P = 0.518).

Conclusion

If the initial mucosal thickness surrounding bone‐level implants is more than 2 mm, there is significantly less crestal bone change compared with bone‐level implants placed in initial mucosal thicknesses of 2 mm or less. This difference is not statistically significant when tissue‐level implants are used and the implant–abutment connection is 2.5 mm above the crestal bone level.
Morphology Quiz: Transbronchial Brush Cytology
Authors: Okatake R. , Hayashi Y. , Shibano M. , Gohma I. , Ebihara T. , Ikeda N. , Munakata S.
Published: January 2016

Test your knowledge of infectious agents in transbronchial needle aspirates.
Trust matters: Seeing how an adult treats another person influences preschoolers' willingness to delay gratification
Authors: Michaelson Laura E. , Munakata Yuko
Published: January 2016

Holding out for a delayed reward in the face of temptation is notoriously difficult, and the ability to do so in childhood predicts diverse indices of life success. Prominent explanations focus on the importance of cognitive control. However, delaying gratification may also require trust in people delivering future rewards as promised. Only limited experimental work has tested this idea, and such studies with children were focused on general reward expectations, so evidence was ambiguous as to whether social trust played a role. The present study provides the first targeted test of a role for social trust in children's willingness to delay gratification. Children observed an adult behave in either a trustworthy or untrustworthy manner toward another adult, then were tested in the classic delay of gratification task by that adult. Children were less likely to wait the full delay period, and waited less time overall, for a reward promised by an untrustworthy adult, relative to children tested by a trustworthy adult. These findings demonstrate that manipulations of social trust influence delaying gratification, and highlight intriguing alternative reasons to test for individual differences in delaying gratification and associated life outcomes.
Inter‐assessor variability: scant data proves the point
Authors: Ansell Judith
Published: January 2016

This commentary is on the review article by Khalid et al. on pages 131–137 of this issue.
Association between eruption state of the third molar and the occurrence of mandibular angle fractures
Authors: Rahimi‐Nedjat Roman K. , Sagheb Keyvan , Jacobs Collin , Walter Christian
Published: January 2016

Background/Aim

Fractures of the mandible, especially the mandibular angle, are one of the most frequent types of injuries of the facial skeleton. In many cases, a retained third molar can be found in the line of the fracture. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship between third molars and mandibular angle fractures exists.

Materials and Methods

Patients with isolated or combined fractures of the lower jaw between January 2001 and December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Electronic health records were investigated regarding the types of mandibular fractures, and panoramic radiographs were reviewed concerning the existence of third molars. In addition, a systematic review was performed to compare the findings of this study with existing data.

Results

Six hundred and thirty‐two patients were treated for mandibular fractures within the time frame. Two hundred and sixty‐seven had a mandibular angle fracture. In 461 patients, panoramic radiographs were available, of which 45.6% did not have a third molar. About 3.8% were edentulous. There is a significant relationship between the existence of unerupted third molars and the occurrence of mandibular angle fractures (P < 0.001). No correlation exists for erupted third molars.

Conclusions

Fractures of the mandibular angle are more likely to appear in patients with retained third molars which might be due to the reduced bone mass. Once the wisdom teeth have erupted, the bone structure is more solid and more resistant to external forces and the development of fractures.
Presence of a conspecific increases superparasitism but not infanticide under self‐ and conspecific superparasitism in a semisolitary parasitoid, Echthrodelphax fairchildii (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)
Authors: Ito Emi , Yamada Yoshihiro Y.
Published: January 2016

Female parasitoids are expected to avoid superparasitism (ovipositing in and/or on parasitized hosts) when unparasitized hosts are available. However, when the supply of unparasitized hosts is restricted, they are expected to self‐ as well as conspecifically superparasitize. One of the cues of a reduced availability of unparasitized hosts is the presence of a conspecific. Moreover, if the focal species can perform infanticide, after encountering a conspecific female, the females are expected to kill eggs existing in and/or on hosts when superparasitizing, because the eggs are more likely to be laid by others. In this study we investigated whether females of an infanticidal semisolitary parasitoid, Echthrodelphax fairchildii, increase their frequencies of superparasitism and infanticide after encountering a conspecific female. Echthrodelphax fairchildii females are capable of discriminating between self‐ and conspecific superparasitism until up to 0.75 h after the first egg was laid (self‐superparasitism frequency < conspecific superparasitism frequency). As expected, the female parasitoids were more likely to perform self‐ and conspecific superparasitism after they had encountered a conspecific. In particular, the self‐superparasitism frequency increased highly within a short period after the first oviposition, so that no difference between the self‐ and conspecific superparasitism frequencies was found. In contrast, the infanticidal‐probing frequency remained extremely low, irrespective of whether or not the female parasitoids had encountered a conspecific. Moreover, when superparasitizing, females usually laid female eggs. Possible causes for the low frequency of infanticidal probing and the female‐biased sex ratio are discussed.
Extending structural health monitoring concepts for bone healing assessment
Authors: Ong W H , Chiu W K , Russ M , Chiu Z K
Published: January 2016

A series of experimental investigations are performed to show the potential of integrating sensing elements into an external fixation for healing assessment of a fracture femur. This investigation is supported by finite element analyses that highlight the fundamental structural dynamics, which enable a stiffness‐based healing assessment methodology. A saw‐bone femur externally fixated with a Hoffman II will be subjected to an artificial fracture. The healing of the fractured femur is simulated with the curing of epoxy applied to the fractured region. The finite element analyses results will help determine the useful modes for assessing the state of healing of the fracture that can be attributed to the changes in the stiffness of the fixated structure. The findings will be tested against a set of experiments to show how the stiffness‐related quantities can be delineated from the dynamic response. The results reported will show distinct changes to the frequency response functions as the epoxy cures demonstrating the potential of integrating sensors onto an external fixation for healing and fracture union assessment.
Comparative assessment of ecosystem C exchange in Miscanthusand reed canary grass during early establishment
Authors: Ní Choncubhair Órlaith , Osborne Bruce , Finnan John , Lanigan Gary
Published: January 2016

Land‐use change to bioenergy crop production can contribute towards addressing the dual challenges of greenhouse gas mitigation and energy security. Realisation of the mitigation potential of bioenergy crops is, however, dependent on suitable crop selection and full assessment of the carbon (C) emissions associated with land conversion. Using eddy covariance‐based estimates, ecosystem C exchange was studied during the early‐establishment phase of two perennial crops, C3reed canary grass (RCG) and C4Miscanthus, planted on former grassland in Ireland. Crop development was the main determinant of net carbon exchange in theMiscanthuscrop, restricting significant net C uptake during the first 2 years of establishment. TheMiscanthusecosystem switched from being a net C source in the conversion year to a strong net C sink (−411 ± 63 g C m−2) in the third year, driven by significant above‐ground growth and leaf expansion. ForRCG, early establishment and rapid canopy development facilitated a net C sink in the first 2 years of growth (−319 ± 57 (post‐planting) and −397 ± 114 g C m−2, respectively). Peak seasonal C uptake occurred three months earlier inRCG(May) thanMiscanthus(August), howeverMiscanthussustained net C uptake longer into the autumn and was close to C‐neutral in winter. Leaf longevity is therefore a key advantage of C4Miscanthusin temperate climates. Further increases in productivity are projected asMiscanthusreaches maturity and are likely to further enhance the C sink potential ofMiscanthusrelative toRCG.
Ultra‐short version of the oral health impact profile in elderly Chileans
Authors: León Soraya , Correa‐Beltrán Gloria , De Marchi Renato J , Giacaman Rodrigo A
Published: January 2016

Aim

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an ultra‐short Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in an elderly Chilean population.

Methods

The OHIP‐49Sp was applied to 490 older adults, and the seven questions with the higher impact on oral health‐related quality of life were selected through linear regression. These items were applied to 85 older adults to test internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). A discriminative validity analysis was carried out along with the assessment of sociodemographic and clinical variables. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test, Student's t‐test and one‐way anova tests with a 95% confidence level.

Results

High internal consistency values were obtained for the OHIP‐7Sp instrument (0.93). There was an association between the OHIP‐7Sp scores and the presence of caries, need for complex periodontal treatment, prosthetic needs, and age younger than 70 years.

Conclusion

The OHIP‐7Sp proved to be a consistent and valid tool to assess oral health‐related quality of life in Chilean older adults, and can be incorporated in epidemiological studies that include several other targets. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 277–285.
Association between body mass index and outcome in Japanese ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Kawase Shinya , Kowa Hisanori , Suto Yutaka , Fukuda Hiroki , Kusumi Masayoshi , Nakayasu Hiroyuki , Nakashima Kenji
Published: January 2016

Aim

An association between body mass index (BMI) and stroke outcome have been reported, but the results are controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether BMI is associated with ischemic stroke outcome.

Methods

Consecutive Japanese acute ischemic stroke patients were analyzed. BMI was categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥25 kg/m2). BMI and short‐term and long‐term outcomes were examined. Short‐term outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin scale score at hospitalization and discharge; modified Rankin scale ≥3 was defined as a poor outcome. Long‐term outcomes were evaluated by all‐cause mortality. The recurrence rate was also evaluated in each BMI group. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

A total of 1206 acute ischemic stroke patients (760 men; mean age 72.5 years) were analyzed in the present study. There were 111 underweight cases (9.2%), 785 normal weight cases (65.1%) and 310 obese cases (25.7%). The underweight group had a significantly higher rate of poor short and long‐term outcomes than the normal weight group. The outcomes of the obese group were not significantly different from those of the normal weight group. Recurrence was not significantly different among the groups.

Conclusions

Lower BMI might be a predictor of poorer short‐term and long‐term stroke outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 369–374.
A concordance of self‐reported and performance‐based assessments of mobility as a mortality predictor for older Mexican Americans
Authors: Nam Sanggon , Al Snih Soham , Markides Kyriakos S
Published: January 2016

Aim

To assess the efficacy in mortality prediction of a concordance of performance‐based (timed 10‐foot walk; performance‐oriented mobility assessment [POMA]) and self‐rated (reported ability to walk across a small room with no help from people or devices; activities of daily living [ADL]) assessments of mobility for Mexican Americans aged 75 years and older.

Methods

A longitudinal study of 2069 participants aged 75 years and older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly wave 5 (June 2004 to January 2006) and wave 6 (February 2007 to February 2008) was carried out. Sociodemographic variables, performance‐based (timed 10‐foot walk) and self‐rated assessments (reported ability to walk across a small room without the help of any people or devices) of mobility, and mortality data were obtained.

Results

The ADL/POMA concordance assessment showed a prevalence of the “positively concordant” group (completed the walk and reported being able to walk, ADL and POMA both positive), followed by the “pessimist,” “optimist,” and “negatively concordant” groups at 80.09%, 10.50%, 3.78% and 5.63%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that “negatively concordant” was a critical mortality predictor (OR 4.80; 95% CI 2.59–8.90) followed by “pessimist” (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.12–3.36) as compared with the reference group, “positively concordant.”

Conclusion

The ADL/POMA concordance is an effective predictor of mortality for older Mexican Americans in the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 433–439.
Significant frequency of MSH2/MSH6 abnormality in ovarian endometrioid carcinoma supports histotype‐specific Lynch syndrome screening in ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Rambau Peter F , Duggan Máire A , Ghatage Prafull , Warfa Khadija , Steed Helen , Perrier Renee , Kelemen Linda E , Köbel Martin
Published: January 2016

Aims

Lynch syndrome screening in ovarian carcinoma is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) protein in a retrospective cohort enriched for non‐high‐grade serous carcinomas and its association with outcome within histological types.

Methods and results

Tissue microarrays representing 612 ovarian carcinomas were tested for mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) by immunohistochemistry. dMMR was detected in 13.8% of endometrioid and 2.4% of clear cell carcinomas, but not in other histological types. Within endometrioid carcinomas, 11 of 25 dMMR cases showed abnormal MLH1/PMS2, 10 cases showed abnormal MSH2/MSH6, and four cases showed only abnormal MSH6, indicating that at least 7.7% of endometrioid carcinomas have dMMR probably related to Lynch syndrome. The four dMMR clear cell carcinomas showed abnormal MSH2/MSH6 in three cases and only abnormal MSH6 in one case, all probably related to Lynch syndrome. Within endometrioid carcinomas, dMMR was significantly associated with age <50 years, synchronous endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, a higher CA125 level at diagnosis, higher FIGO grade, absence of ARID1A, and at least 20 CD8‐positive intraepithelial lymphocytes per high‐power field, but was not associated with cancer‐specific death. Age <50 years, higher CA125 levels at diagnosis and at least 20 CD8‐positive intraepithelial lymphocytes per high‐power field remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing, but their sensitivity for identifying dMMR remained insufficient.

Conclusion

Our data support the policy of histotype‐specific Lynch syndrome screening in ovarian carcinoma confined to endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas.
Impacts of supragingival and subgingival periodontal treatments on oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Mendez M , Melchiors Angst PD , Stadler AF , Oppermann RV , Gomes S
Published: January 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of distinct phases of a non‐surgical periodontal treatment protocol on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Methods

Fifty‐five participants (51.4 ± 9.4 years), diagnosed with both gingivitis and moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis, were included. Periodontal and OHRQoL (OHIP‐14) data were collected before (Day 0) and after the supragingival (Day 30) and subgingival (Day 90) treatments. A linear mixed model was used. OHIP‐14 scores, effect size, and ceiling and floor effects were calculated.

Results

The total OHIP‐14 score was significantly higher at Day 0 (17.3 ± 10.5) compared to Day 30 (9.7 ± 8.3) and Day 90 (9.5 ± 7.4). Scores of all domains decreased significantly after the supragingival treatment. This response was maintained after the subgingival therapy, except in the physical pain and physical disability domains. Clinical variables were not associated with the change in OHIP scores. The effect size was 0.72 at Day 30 and 0.74 at Day 90. No ceiling and floor effect were observed.

Conclusions

Perceptions on OHRQoL improved along periodontal therapy, particularly after the supragingival treatment, suggesting that this intervention might be considered important to reduce the negative impacts in oral health‐related quality of life.
Existence of χ‐efficient solution of multiobjective fractional programming problem with bounded parameters
Authors: Jana Mrinal , Panda Geetanjali
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a methodology is developed to solve a multiobjective fractional programming problem in which the coefficients of the objective functions and constraints are intervals. This model is transformed into an interval‐free equivalent optimization problem. A new partial ordering is introduced and the relation between the original problem and the transformed problem is established using this partial ordering. The proposed methodology is illustrated through a numerical example.
Development of Ageing Resistant and Bioactive t‐ZrO2 Polymorph by the Combined Additions of Ca2+, and SiO2
Authors: Vasanthavel Subramaniyan , Kannan Sanjeevi
Published: January 2016

The combined additions of Ca2+ and to the SiO2–ZrO2 system were attempted through in situ sol–gel technique. Six different combinations were synthesized and the results were compared with pure SiO2–ZrO2 system. The synthesized materials were subjected to accelerated leaching tests to evaluate their phase degradation behavior, nanoindentation for mechanical analysis, and immersion tests in simulated body fluids (SBF) to test their apatite forming ability. The results confirmed the phase stability of t‐ZrO2 till 1100°C and the presence of SiO2, Ca2+, and in t‐ZrO2 matrix exhibited good apatite forming ability during SBF immersion and their reluctance in phase degradation during accelerated leaching tests. However, the values of hardness and Young's modulus were found inferior in comparison with the commercial t‐ZrO2 products.
The Market Response to Beating After‐tax Earnings Targets Revisited using Analysts’ Pre‐tax Earnings Forecasts and Concurrent Tax Note Disclosures
Authors: Herbohn Kathleen , Tutticci Irene , Tan Zhi
Published: January 2016

We investigate whether the premium for achieving after‐tax earnings targets is informed by the availability of pre‐tax and after‐tax earnings forecasts. We find evidence the premium is discounted for firms achieving only after‐tax earnings forecasts compared with firms achieving both forecast targets. This is likely due to the uncertainty about future profitability and earnings quality created by failing to attain pre‐tax earnings targets. For firms achieving only pre‐tax earnings forecasts, no premium is documented. Taken together, our results indicate that while pre‐tax earnings forecasts may not move the market, they have an informational role in providing a context for assessing the achievement of after‐tax earnings targets. We also consider the usefulness of the tax note disclosures of deferred tax assets from carry‐forward losses for assessing the premium for achieving after‐tax earnings targets. Reflecting the duality of this tax deferral, we find evidence that recognition of these tax assets conveys information about lower earnings quality when recognition is likely to be opportunistic (in the case of firms achieving only after‐tax forecasts), and provides a signal of future profitability (in the case of firms achieving only pre‐tax forecasts).
Actigraph measures discriminate pediatric bipolar disorder from attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing controls
Authors: Faedda Gianni L. , Ohashi Kyoko , Hernandez Mariely , McGreenery Cynthia E. , Grant Marie C. , Baroni Argelinda , Polcari Ann , Teicher Martin H.
Published: January 2016

Background

Distinguishing pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) from attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be challenging. Hyperactivity is a core feature of both disorders, but severely disturbed sleep and circadian dysregulation are more characteristic of BD, at least in adults. We tested the hypothesis that objective measures of activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms would help differentiate pediatric subjects with BD from ADHD and typically developing controls.

Methods

Unmedicated youths (N = 155, 97 males, age 5–18) were diagnosed using DSM‐IV criteria with Kiddie‐SADS PL/E. BD youths (n = 48) were compared to typically developing controls (n = 42) and children with ADHD (n = 44) or ADHD plus comorbid depressive disorders (n = 21). Three‐to‐five days of minute‐to‐minute belt‐worn actigraph data (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc.), collected during the school week, were processed to yield 28 metrics per subject, and assessed for group differences with analysis of covariance. Cross‐validated machine learning algorithms were used to determine the predictive accuracy of a four‐parameter model, with measures reflecting sleep, hyperactivity, and circadian dysregulation, plus Indic's bipolar vulnerability index (VI).

Results

There were prominent group differences in several activity measures, notably mean 5 lowest hours of activity, skewness of diurnal activity, relative circadian amplitude, and VI. A predictive support vector machine model discriminated bipolar from non‐bipolar with mean accuracy of 83.1 ± 5.4%, ROC area of 0.781 ± 0.071, kappa of 0.587 ± 0.136, specificity of 91.7 ± 5.3%, and sensitivity of 64.4 ± 13.6%.

Conclusions

Objective measures of sleep, circadian rhythmicity, and hyperactivity were abnormal in BD. Wearable sensor technology may provide bio‐behavioral markers that can help differentiate children with BD from ADHD and healthy controls.
CYP2C93 variant is associated with antidiabetes efficacy of gliclazide in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Zeng Wotan , Guo Yali , Chen Peixian , Liu Zhike , Chen Dafang , Han Chunji
Published: January 2016

Aims/Introduction

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms on the therapeutic response to gliclazide in type 2 diabetes patients.

Materials and Methods

A total of 746 incident type 2 diabetes patients were included in this study. After enrolment, patients went on 4‐week gliclazide monotherapy. Fasting plasma glucose was measured before and after treatment. Hypoglycemia episodes and lifestyle information were collected by weekly follow up. Genotyping of rs1057910 was carried out using the single base primer extension method. The t‐test, analysis of variance and chisquare‐test were used to evaluate the effects of rs1057910 alleles on the therapeutic response to gliclazide.

Results

After the therapy, fasting plasma glucose decreased significantly from 11.2 ± 2.7 mmol/L to 8.0 ± 2.2 mmol/L (P < 0.001). Patients with AC/CC genotypes of rs1057910 had a greater reduction of fasting plasma glucose (3.6 vs 3.0 mmol/L, P < 0.001; 31.4 vs 24.5%, P < 0.001) and a higher rate of treatment success (54.7 vs 37.5%, P < 0.001; 51.4 vs 32.3%, P < 0.001; 71.6 vs 48.3%, P < 0.001 for criterion 1, 2 and 3, respectively).

Conclusions

The present study showed that the polymorphism at rs1057910 significantly affected the therapeutic response of gliclazide in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The risk allele is associated with a greater decrease of fasting blood glucose and a higher rate of treatment success with gliclazide monotherapy.