bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanosensitive clathrin platforms anchor desmin intermediate filaments in skeletal muscle
Authors: Franck Agathe , Lainé Jeanne , Moulay Gilles , Trichet Michaël , Gentil Christel , Fongy Anaïs , Bigot Anne , Benkhelifa-Ziyyat Sofia , Lacène Emmanuelle , Thao Bui Mai , Brochier Guy , Guicheney Pascale , Sacconi Sabrina , Mouly Vincent , Romero Norma , Coirault Catherine , Bitoun Marc , Vassilopoulos Stéphane
Published: May 2018

Large flat clathrin plaques are stable features of the plasma membrane associated with sites of strong adhesion suggesting that they could also play a role in force transduction. Here, we analyzed how clathrin plaques interact with the cytoskeleton and how they respond to mechanical cues in skeletal muscle myotubes. We show that branched actin networks surrounding clathrin plaques are directly regulated by dynamin 2, anchor intermediate filaments and sequester YAP at the plasma membrane. Dynamin 2, clathrin and desmin intermediate filaments are all required for basal YAP nucleocytoplasmic distribution and efficient nuclear translocation in response to mechanical stimuli. Dynamin 2 mutations that are responsible for centronuclear myopathy in humans disorganize the desmin network and deregulate YAP signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, clathrin plaques and associated dynamin 2 are defined here as a new sensor conveying mechanical cues and integrate cell signaling with cytoskeletal regulation.
A discriminator code-based DTD surveillance ensures faithful glycine delivery for protein biosynthesis in bacteria
Authors: Kuncha Santosh Kumar , Suma Katta , Pawar Komal Ishwar , Gogoi Jotin , Routh Satya Brata , Pottabathini Sambhavi , Kruparani Shobha P , Sankaranarayanan Rajan
Published: May 2018

D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) acts on achiral glycine, in addition to D-amino acids, attached to tRNA. We have recently shown that this activity enables DTD to clear non-cognate Gly-tRNAAlawith 1000-fold higher efficiency than its activity on Gly-tRNAGly, indicating tRNA-based modulation of DTD (Pawar et al., 2017). Here, we show that tRNA’s discriminator base predominantly accounts for this activity difference and is the key to selection by DTD. Accordingly, the uracil discriminator base, serving as a negative determinant, prevents Gly-tRNAGlymisediting by DTD and this protection is augmented by EF-Tu. Intriguingly, eukaryotic DTD has inverted discriminator base specificity and uses only G3•U70 for tRNAGly/Aladiscrimination. Moreover, DTD prevents alanine-to-glycine misincorporation in proteins rather than only recycling mischarged tRNAAla. Overall, the study reveals the unique co-evolution of DTD and discriminator base, “reciprocally” in Bacteria and Eukarya, and suggests DTD’s strong selection pressure on bacterial tRNAGlys to retain a pyrimidine discriminator code.
Classes of ITD predict outcomes in patients with AML treated withFLT3inhibitors
Authors: Schwartz Gregory W. , Manning Bryan , Zhou Yeqiao , Velu Priya , Bigdeli Ashkan , Astles Rachel , Lehman Anne W. , Morrissette Jennifer J.D. , Perl Alexander E. , Carroll Martin , Faryabi Robert B.
Published: May 2018

Recurrent internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations are observed in various cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ITD mutations of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor increase kinase activity, and are associated with poor prognostic outcomes. Currently, several small-moleculeFLT3inhibitors (FLT3i) are in clinical trials for targeted therapy of high-risk FLT3-ITD-positive AML. However, the variability of survival following FLT3i treatment suggests that the mere presence ofFLT3-ITD mutations in a patient might not guarantee effective clinical response to targeted inhibition ofFLT3kinase. Motivated by the heterogeneity ofFLT3-ITD mutations, we sought to investigate the effects ofFLT3-ITD structural features on response to treatment in AML patients. To this end, we developed HeatITup (HEAT diffusion for Internal Tandem dUPlication), an algorithm to efficiently and accurately identify ITDs and classify them based on their nucleotide composition into newly defined categories of “typical” or “atypical”. Typical ITDs insert sequences are entirely endogenous to theFLT3locus whereas atypical ITDs contain nucleotides exogenous to the wildtypeFLT3. We applied HeatITup to our cohort ofde novoand relapsed AML patients. Individuals with AML carrying typical ITDs benefited significantly more from FLT3i than patients with atypical ITDs, regardless of whether FLT3i was used after initial induction or at relapse. Furthermore, analysis of the TCGA AML cohort demonstrated improved survival for patients with typical ITDs treated with induction chemotherapy. These results underscore the importance of structural discernment of complex somatic mutations such as ITDs in progressing towards personalized treatment for AML patients.
Gender wage gap in selected developing upper-middle income countries
Authors: Almasifard Maryam
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between gender wage gap, productivity level of labor force and international trade for a sample of 13 developing upper-middle income countries over the period 2001 to 2015.

Design/methodology/approach

According to different statistical tests such as F-Limer test, the proper method for estimating this model is panel regression analysis. The Hausman test was handled to realize the fixed or random effect characteristics of this data. The final result of this test shows that the data follow some kind of random behavior which makes the panel regression model, random effect a suitable method for estimating this data.

Findings

The regression results showed that women’s (and men’s) employment in this sample has a positive relationship with their wages. Results showed that labor force’s productivity level affects their wage, and therefore, productivity difference between women and men is impressive on the gender wage gap. The significant finding is about international trade. While international trade has a positive effect on the wage rate of both genders, this effect is stronger for the female labor force. As a result of a stronger effect of international trade on the female labor force, a negative effect of international trade on the gender wage gap is observed.

Research limitations/implications

Productivity variables are not available for this sample countries, so the author creates a new variable which is going to be used as a proxy for productivity. The author divides value added in each section (Agriculture, Manufacture, Industry, Service) by the total number of employees in that section; then for calculating the productivity rate of women, the author multiplies the result by the percentage of the employed women in that sector; for the productivity of men in that sector, the author multiplies the result by the percentage of men employed in that sector.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the available studies by selecting a new sample of developing countries with upper-middle income level and also by introducing a new variable which is useful for measuring labor force productivity level.
Shared leadership in entrepreneurial teams: the impact of personality
Authors: Hensel Rainer , Visser Ronald
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model to better understand which personality traits and personal values impact transformational leadership qualities in self-directed entrepreneurial teams as perceived by team members.

Design/methodology/approach

A cohort consisting of six self-directed entrepreneurial teams was selected. A multi-rater system was applied to assess the perceived transformational leadership qualities. A model was developed, using three dimensions of transformational leadership as dependent variables: inspiring others, stimulating interaction among group members and communicating a strong vision.

Findings

The ability to inspire others was predicted by friendliness, measuring a positive labeling of social phenomena. In addition, two positive moderation effects emerged as being related to inspirational capacities: assertiveness and despondency, and assertiveness and emotional empathy interacted. The second moderation effect also impacted the capacity to stimulate group interaction. The personality traits “modesty” and the personal value “human relations” were negatively related to the perceived capacity to communicate a strong vision. Furthermore, a significant but moderate effect of team membership on the capacity to inspire others respectively stimulate interaction seems to exist.

Practical implications

The research results offer valuable opportunities to enhance or to develop those informal, transformational leadership qualities positively influencing entrepreneurial effectiveness.

Social implications

As entrepreneurship in small, self-directed teams is a popular phenomenon, research results add to the understanding of group interaction related to informal leadership.

Originality/value

Shared or informal transformational leadership in the context of self-directed, entrepreneurial teams is a relatively new phenomenon. Integrating a multi-rater assessment of leadership with personality combines interesting perspectives.
Entrepreneurial activities in a developing country: an institutional theory perspective
Authors: Eijdenberg Emiel L. , Thompson Neil A. , Verduijn Karen , Essers Caroline
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Entrepreneurship research in the context of developing countries has typically investigated the ways in which culture, politics or economic institutions prohibit or enable entrepreneurial activities using macro-level surveys and deductive designs. In contrast, the purpose of this paper is to take a micro-institutional perspective to study these three institutions influencing entrepreneurial activities in such a context.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is based on inductive, qualitative field data from a challenging institutional environment, Tanzania. This includes two focus groups, one with experts and one with entrepreneurs; and 24 individual interviews with entrepreneurs.

Findings

Entrepreneurial activities in Tanzania are not constrained only by bureaucracy and arbitrary enforcement, access to capital, competition and consumer spending, but also by language barriers, negative media portrayals and gender disparity. In their favour, recent trade policy, opening up of borders and changing gender relations, has led to more opportunities, but just as important are traditional festivals, marital gift-giving and familial support. Entrepreneurs respond to institutional constraints in many creative ways, including undertaking entrepreneurial strategies, developing inner strength, joining associations, giving back to communities and skilfully managing relations with authorities.

Originality/value

The fine-grained discussion of the findings of this study specifically contributes to theory by illustrating the constraining and enabling role of under-represented institutions, such as festivals and marriages, as well as entrepreneurial creative responses that define everyday entrepreneurial life in a developing country.
Customer value in self-service kiosks: a systematic literature review
Authors: Vakulenko Yulia , Hellström Daniel , Oghazi Pejvak
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a cohesive overview of the available self-service and customer value literature, identify customer value in self-service kiosks (SSKs), and analyze this value from the customer experience perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

The study comprises a systematic literature review of available works on customer value.

Findings

The paper presents conclusions on the SSK’s technological forms, presence in industries, and conceptual state. The review also provides a cohesive inventory of customer value elements in SSKs. The in-depth analysis proposes two alternative models of the customer value creation process: linear and circular.

Research limitations/implications

The study reveals gaps stemming from the inconsistency and fragmented nature of previous research on customer value in SSKs. The gaps are treated as opportunities for future studies.

Practical implications

By identifying new sources of competitive advantage and new ways to improve customer service strategies and experience management, the findings support managerial decision making at the stages of considering, implementing, and improving SSK networks.

Originality/value

This study is the first to systematically review and provide an inventory of customer value elements in SSKs. It, therefore, offers new perspectives on customer value creation using self-service technology.
Absorption, combination and desorption: knowledge-oriented boundary spanning capacities
Authors: Denford James Stephen , Ferriss Allan
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to theoretically develop and empirically explore knowledge absorption, combination and desorption within and between organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of knowledge-based view and absorptive capacity, the authors have conducted a multiple-case study to develop a theoretically grounded and empirically supported model of intra- and inter-firm knowledge cycles.

Findings

Firms identify their knowledge gaps and stocks, both tacit and explicit, undertaking efforts to fill the latter and maximize the value of the former. The paper finds that knowledge exploration, integration and exploitation both within the firm and between firms relies on absorptive, combinative and desorptive capacities. Further, as such capacities are organizationally expensive to maintain, firms will often emphasize one capacity over the other and focus either internally or externally to meet organizational goals.

Originality/value

While there is extensive research into absorptive capacity and some into combinative capacity, there is little empirical investigation of desorptive capacity and none into the integration of the three concepts; this paper seeks to fill that gap. Moreover, the resulting novel integrative model allows managers and researchers to identify the various capacities in use and their applications within the firm and between firms.
Have the gasb no. 34 infrastructure reporting requirements affected state highway spending?
Authors: Kim Jiseul , Ebdon Carol
Published: May 2018

GASB Statement No. 34 required state and local governments to report information regarding general infrastructure in financial statements, to improve understanding of the organization's investments in capital assets. Some proponents suggested that this information would affect management practices and potentially resource allocation decisions, but initial survey data found limited evidence of effects. We use dynamic panel analysis covering 47 states from 1995 to 2009 to explore whether implementation of GASB 34 affected state highway capital and maintenance spending. We find evidence of increased capital spending, but no statistically significant change in maintenance expenditures. The choice of reporting method was not found to affect spending outcomes.
Raising local revenue: The use and adequacy of voluntary property taxes in arkansas
Authors: Hoffman Kim U. , Howard Joseph Yuichi
Published: May 2018

With the late-2000s recession, state and local governments have struggled to find the necessary revenue to sustain citizens' demands of governmental services. One potential revenue source is to allow the citizens' themselves to choose the services to fund through the usage of voluntary taxes. Counties and cities in Arkansas have the authority to levy a voluntary property tax to support specific public services. In this study, we explore the prevalence and adequacy of the voluntary property tax by local governments in Arkansas. We identify 58 different voluntary taxes used in 27 counties and 17 cities throughout the state. Moreover, using revenue and expenditure data, we find the tax to be a significant revenue source for several county programs.
Quality in museums and libraries: a comparison of indicators
Authors: Poll Roswitha
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define quality criteria for museum work and try to identify indicators for assessing such quality, using the well-known quality indicators for libraries as basis of comparison.

Design/methodology/approach

In 2016, the first international standard for museum statistics was published (ISO 18461). At the same time, the museum community realized the need to proceed from statistics to quality assessment in order to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of museum performance and finally also the influence of museums on society. The paper analyses the existing literature on museum quality and museum evaluation and compares the findings to the established methods in the library sector.

Findings

Comparison of quality criteria and quality evaluation in museums and libraries shows not only many similarities in what is regarded as quality, but also considerable differences in the options for assessment.

Research limitations/implications

The paper shows a tentative selection of potential quality indicators and quality assessment methods for museums. Further work and practical expertise will be needed for developing and testing a reliable set of methods. The new ISO project 21246 key indicators for museums will further this development.

Practical implications

There is an evident similarity in the mission and goals of cultural institutions such as archives, libraries and museums. Methods already in use in libraries for assessing performance quality and library impact can therefore also be useful in the museum sector. But the immense variety of museums requires an adaptation of existing methods and a number of new indicators especially devised for museum tasks.

Originality/value

The paper describes possible solutions for evaluating the quality of museums. As quality criteria are similar in museums and libraries, new quality indicators for museums may in turn become useful in the library sector.
Effects of solder paste on thermal and optical performance of high-power ThinGaN white LED
Authors: Raypah Muna E. , Devarajan Mutharasu , Sulaiman Fauziah
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Thermal management of high-power (HP) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is an essential issue. Junction temperature (TJ) and thermal resistance (Rth) are critical parameters in evaluating LEDs thermal management and reliability. The purpose of this paper is to study thermal and optical characteristics of ThinGaN (UX:3) white LED mounted on SinkPAD by three types of solder paste (SP): No-Clean SAC305 (SP1), Water-Washable SAC305 (SP2) and No-Clean Sn42/Bi57.6/Ag0.4 (SP3).

Design/methodology/approach

Thermal transient tester (T3Ster) machine is used to determine TJ and total thermal resistance (Rth–JA). In addition, the LED’s optical properties are measured via thermal and radiometric characterization of power LEDs (TeraLED) system. The LED is mounted on SinkPAD using SP1, SP2 and SP3 by stencil printing to control a thickness of SP and reflow soldering oven to minimize the number of voids. The LED with SP1, SP2 and SP3 is tested at various input currents and ambient temperatures.

Findings

The results indicate that at high input current, which equals to 1,200 mA, Rth–JA and TJ, respectively, are reduced by 30 and 17 per cent between SP1 and SP2. At same current value, Rth–JA and TJ are minimized by 42 and 25 per cent between SP1 and SP3, respectively. In addition, at an ambient temperature of 85°C, Rth–JA and TJ are decreased by 34 and 7 per cent between SP1 and SP2, respectively. Similarly, the reduction in Rth–JA and TJ between SP1 and SP3 is 44 and 10 per cent, respectively. Luminous flux, luminous efficacy and color shift of the LED with the three types of SPs are compared and discussed. It is found that the SP1 improves the chromatic properties of the LED by increasing the overall light efficiency and decreasing the color shift.

Originality/value

Thermal and optical performance of ThinGaN LEDs mounted on SinkPAD via three types of SPs is compared. This investigation can assist the research on thermal management of HP ThinGaN-based LEDs.
Managing tourism knowledge: a review
Authors: Cooper Chris
Published: May 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a contemporary review of the field of tourism and knowledge management.

Design/methodology/approach

The review draws upon an extensive range of generic knowledge management literature as well as the rather less developed literature on tourism and knowledge management.

Findings

The review finds that tourism has been slow to adopt a knowledge management approach, partly due to the context of the tourism sector. However, by taking a “network gaze”, this paper shows that the benefits of knowledge management for tourism are clear and that policy for knowledge management can be of benefit to tourism.

Originality/value

This paper provides a contemporary review of the knowledge management literature and situates it within the tourism context.
Measuring and improving food safety culture in a five-star hotel: a case study
Authors: Caccamo Aurelia , Taylor Joanne Zaida , Daniel Dellora , Bulatovic-Schumer Ringaile
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of the JW Marriott Marquis in Dubai, the tallest hotel in the world, which measured and improved their food safety culture as part of the Culture Excellence Program. It is the fifth article in a theme issue of Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, discussing the importance of measuring food safety and quality culture.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal case study was used, including an online anonymous survey taken by a representative number of employees and supporting in-depth semi-structured interviews.

Findings

The company received a high score in year one of the research, and the reasons for this are discussed. Taking their best practices further with the use of the survey data, they then saw quantitative improvement in year two which was maintained in year three. This demonstrates elements of best practice in food safety management and how measuring culture within a business can facilitate continual improvement.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates how and why a five-star hotel has measured and improved their food safety culture, with practical examples. It will be of value to food safety and quality practitioners, trainers, auditors and other stakeholders involved in the food industry.
Measuring and improving food safety culture in a large catering company: a case study
Authors: Nouaimeh Nancy , Pazhanthotta Raseena T. , Taylor Joanne Zaida , Bulatovic-Schumer Ringaile
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of a large catering company in the United Arab Emirates, which measured and improved its food safety culture as part of the Culture Excellence Program. It is the sixth article in a theme issue of Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, discussing the importance of measuring food safety and quality culture.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal case study was used, including an online anonymous survey taken by a representative number of employees and supporting in-depth semi-structured interviews.

Findings

The company received a high score in year one of the research, and the reasons for this are discussed. Taking their best practices further with the use of the survey data, they then saw quantitative improvement in year two. This demonstrates elements of best practice in food safety management and how measuring culture within a business can facilitate continual improvement.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates how and why a large-scale catering company has measured and improved their food safety culture, with practical examples. It will be of value to food safety and quality practitioners, trainers, auditors and other stakeholders involved in the food industry.
Making the ‘Invisible’ Visible: Redevelopment‐induced Displacement of Migrants in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Liu Ying , Geertman Stan , van Oort Frank , Lin Yanliu
Published: May 2018

Gentrification in China is intertwined with urban redevelopment, which causes the large‐scale displacement of rural–urban migrants from ‘villages in the city’ (ViCs). Because of the informality of ViCs, migrant renters have very insecure tenancy and during redevelopment they are treated as a negligible (‘invisible’) social group. As they are very difficult to locate after displacement, they are also literally invisible to researchers. To make the invisible visible, this study traced a sample of displaced migrants from Huangbeiling village in Shenzhen. The focus was on the displacement process and on identifying the consequences for the displaced. We found various forms of displacement during the redevelopment process. Nearby ViCs were prioritized by displaced migrants to minimize as much utility loss as possible. However, they generally suffer from decreased proximity, increased living costs, and the loss of social networks and job opportunities. Remarkably, some choose to return to the gentrifying village, enduring displacement in situ caused by increasing rents, drastic physical neighbourhood changes and declining liveability, in exchange for retaining their original social and economic networks. Large‐scale urban redevelopment is causing the rapid shrinkage of informal housing. Recognizing and addressing the housing needs of this impoverished social group is a matter of urgency.
Persistence of Polydimethylsiloxane Condom Lubricants
Authors: Tottey Leah S. , Coulson Sally A. , Wevers Gerhard E. , Fabian Laura , McClelland Heather , Dustin Mickayla
Published: May 2018

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is commonly used to lubricate condoms. The detection of PDMS on swabs from complainants can be used to support an allegation of sexual assault. Previous research has focused on establishing analytical techniques for detecting PDMS. This research examined the persistence of PDMS on the penis, in the vagina, in the mouth, and on skin. The longest PDMS detection times were 20 h on the penis, 35 h in the vagina, and 52 h on skin. PDMS was detected up to 4 h in the mouth if the participant did not eat or drink and up to 9 h if the participant slept. PDMS was not detected in the mouth after eating or drinking. The presence of biological fluids had no detrimental effect on the analysis. Aqueous extraction of swabs for DNA did not remove any significant amount of PDMS; hence, swab remains could be subsequently analyzed for PDMS.
Downregulation of HOXA13 sensitizes human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to chemotherapy
Authors: Shi Qi , Shen Luyan , Dong Bin , Fu Hao , Kang Xiaozheng , Dai Liang , Yang Yongbo , Yan Wanpu , Chen Ke‐Neng
Published: May 2018

Background

Chemoresistance often develops in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), leading to poor prognosis. HOX genes play a crucial role in embryonic development and cell differentiation. Studies have recently linked HOX with chemoresistance, thus we explored whether HOXA13 is involved in ESCC chemoresistance.

Methods

One hundred thirty‐one ESCC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. HOXA13 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. RNA interference was used to knock down the HOXA13 expression in KYSE70 and transfected HOXA13 plasmid to overexpress HOXA13 in KYSE510 cells. We examined half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of cisplatin, apoptosis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ESCC cell lines with different HOXA13 expression levels by cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, and transwell analysis.

Results

The median survival of patients with high HOXA13 expression was significantly shorter than those with low expression (P = 0.027). HOXA13 was associated with worse tumor regression grade (P = 0.009). Low HOXA13 expressed cells decreased the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of cisplatin (P < 0.05), increased cisplatin‐induced apoptosis (P < 0.05), and decreased EMT (P < 0.05) compared with high HOXA13 expressed cells. In low HOXA13 expressed cells, cleaved caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP expression induced by cisplatin increased, while expression of E‐cadherin and Snail protein, markers of EMT, was upregulated and downregulated, respectively. EMT decreased in low HOXA13 expressed cells.

Conclusion

High HOXA13 expression was associated with inferior tumor regression grade and poor overall survival in ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. HOXA13 increased cisplatin‐resistance and promoted EMT in ESCC cells.
NATURAL RESOURCES AS AN ENERGY SOURCE IN A SIMPLE ECONOMIC GROWTH MODEL
Authors: Malaczewski Maciej
Published: May 2018

Some empirical studies show that natural resources and physical capital are likely to be complements in the production process rather than substitutes. What is more, the assumption of substitutability in many theoretical papers leads to some counterfactual conclusions. This paper proposes a simple model of economic growth with complementarity between these two factors of production via energy production. We consider the equilibrium state of this model and derive the conditions necessary to maintain balanced growth of all macroeconomic variables. We also analyze the time to depletion of natural resources when these resources are the main energy source.
Evaluation of a group format of clinician‐guided, parent‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for child anxiety in routine clinical practice: a pilot‐implementation study
Authors: Evans Rachel , Hill Claire , O'Brien Doireann , Creswell Cathy
Published: May 2018

Background

Randomised controlled trials suggest that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered by parents who are guided, in groups, by clinicians (Group GPD‐CBT) is an efficacious and potentially efficient treatment approach for child anxiety. The extent to which these results translate to routine settings is unclear. We evaluated Group GPD‐CBT as delivered in UK routine clinical services.

Method

Retrospective data regarding attendance and outcomes were routinely collected for 83 children whose parent(s) had attended Group GPD‐CBT. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 clinicians who had delivered Group GPD‐CBT.

Results

By 3–8 months (M = 5.22, SD = 1.17) post‐treatment, 70% of children were discharged or referred for support for other (non‐anxiety) conditions, without any further intervention for anxiety. Of the subset (N = 20) with available parent‐report symptom data, there was a significant decline in total anxiety score from pre‐ to post‐treatment. Clinician interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. This revealed that clinicians found Group GPD‐CBT to be acceptable and described it as a helpful, practical and empowering treatment for child anxiety. They highlighted additional benefits associated with group process factors (e.g. peer support, enhanced engagement), although noted that some, particularly anxious, parents were reluctant to attend a group format.

Conclusions

Results were promising regarding children's outcomes following Group GPD‐CBT delivered in routine practice. Group GPD‐CBT was viewed by clinicians as acceptable and helpful, and group process factors were seen to provide additional benefits. Some parents may find it difficult to attend a group format, suggesting that services should give careful consideration to how groups are presented and introduced to parents.
Concomitant administration of radiation with eribulin improves the survival of mice harboring intracerebral glioblastoma
Authors: Miki Shunichiro , Imamichi Shoji , Fujimori Hiroaki , Tomiyama Arata , Fujimoto Kenji , Satomi Kaishi , Matsushita Yuko , Matsuzaki Sanae , Takahashi Masamichi , Ishikawa Eiichi , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Matsumura Akira , Mukasa Akitake , Nishikawa Ryo , Masutomi Kenkichi , Narita Yoshitaka , Masutani Mitsuko , Ichimura Koichi
Published: May 2018

Glioblastoma is the most common and devastating type of malignant brain tumor. We recently found that eribulin suppresses glioma growth in vitro and in vivo and that eribulin is efficiently transferred into mouse brain tumors at a high concentration. Eribulin is a non‐taxane microtubule inhibitor approved for breast cancer and liposarcoma. Cells arrested in M‐phase by chemotherapeutic agents such as microtubule inhibitors are highly sensitive to radiation‐induced DNA damage. Several recent case reports have demonstrated the clinical benefits of eribulin combined with radiation therapy for metastatic brain tumors. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a combined eribulin and radiation treatment on human glioblastoma cells. The glioblastoma cell lines U87MG, U251MG and U118MG, and SJ28 cells, a patient‐derived sphere culture cell line, were used to determine the radiosensitizing effect of eribulin using western blotting, flow cytometry and clonogenic assay. Subcutaneous and intracerebral glioma xenografts were generated in mice to assess the efficacy of the combined treatment. The combination of eribulin and radiation enhanced DNA damage in vitro. The clonogenic assay of U87MG demonstrated the radiosensitizing effect of eribulin. The concomitant eribulin and radiation treatment significantly prolonged the survival of mice harboring intracerebral glioma xenografts compared with eribulin or radiation alone (P < .0001). In addition, maintenance administration of eribulin after the concomitant treatment further controlled brain tumor growth. Aberrant microvasculature was decreased in these tumors. Concomitant treatment with eribulin and radiation followed by maintenance administration of eribulin may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastomas.
A cross‐cultural investigation of children’s implicit attitudes toward White and Black racial outgroups
Authors: Steele Jennifer R. , George Meghan , Williams Amanda , Tay Elaine
Published: May 2018

Initial theory and research examining children’s implicit racial attitudes suggest that an implicit preference favoring socially advantaged groups emerges early in childhood and remains stable across development (Dunham, Baron, & Banaji, 2008). In two studies, we examined the ubiquity of this theory by measuring non‐Black minority and non‐White majority children’s implicit racial attitudes toward White and Black racial outgroups in two distinct cultural contexts. In Study 1, non‐Black minority children in an urban North American community with a large Black population showed an implicit pro‐White (versus Black) bias in early childhood. Contrary to previous findings, the magnitude of this bias was lower among older children. In Study 2, Malay (majority) and Chinese (minority) children and adults in the Southeast Asian country of Brunei, with limited contact with White or Black peers, showed an implicit pro‐White (versus Black) bias in early childhood. However, the magnitude of bias was greater for adults. Together, these findings support initial theorizing about the early development of implicit intergroup cognition, but suggest that context may affect these biases across development to a greater extent than was previously thought. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgQP8e4MSCk&feature=youtu.be
The Rise and Fall of Consumption in the 2000s: A Tangled Tale
Authors: Demyanyk Yuliya , Hryshko Dmytro , Luengo‐Prado María José , Sørensen Bent E.
Published: May 2018

US consumption has gone through steep ups and downs since 2000. We quantify the statistical impact of income, unemployment, house prices, credit scores, debt, financial assets, expectations, foreclosures and inequality on county‐level consumption growth for four subperiods: the ‘dot‐com recession’ (2001–3), the ‘subprime boom’ (2004–6), the Great Recession (2007–9) and the ‘tepid recovery’ (2010–12). Consumption growth cannot be explained by a few factors; rather, it depends on a large number of variables whose explanatory power varies by subperiod. Growth of income, growth of housing wealth and fluctuations in unemployment are the most important determinants of consumption, significantly so in all subperiods, while fluctuations in financial assets and expectations are important during only some subperiods. Lagged variables, such as the share of subprime borrowers, are significant but less important.
Teaching and learning vocabulary in context: Examining engagement in three prekindergarten French classrooms
Authors: Peker Hilal , Regalla Michele , Cox Thomas D.
Published: May 2018

Studies have documented the contribution of vocabulary knowledge in second language acquisition and have shown the benefits of repetition, creating context, and the use of multimodal instruction across visual and verbal modalities. This study examined instructional strategies used to teach French vocabulary in an inclusive, prekindergarten foreign language exploratory (FLEX) program using data from observations, videorecordings, and assessments of student learning. Results showed that students of all ability levels were able to learn French vocabulary, although students’ scores varied across the three classrooms. Assessment results were highest in the classroom in which students received the most opportunities for repetition, engagement, and use of language in context where meaning was constructed through a community of practice. Implications of this study highlight the importance of the teacher and student engagement and the role of meaningful input.
A novel diagnostic algorithm for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zheng G. , Streiff M. B. , Allison D. , Takemoto C. M. , Salimian K. , Morris P. , Jani J. , McCord R. , Kickler T. S.
Published: May 2018

Introduction

While diagnostic algorithm using PF4‐heparin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) optical density (OD), and heparin neutralization assay (HNA), or 4T score have been proposed to replace serotonin‐release assay (SRA) for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), their performance against SRA is unclear. In this study, we proposed and validated the performance of a new algorithm combining PF4‐heparin ELISA optical density (OD), HNA and 4T score against SRA for HIT diagnosis.

Methods

Heparin neutralization assays were performed on specimens submitted for HIT testing with positive PF4‐heparin ELISA from December 2015 to September 2017, which were separated into a “training” and a “validation” data set. 4T scores were calculated for ELISA positive cases.

Results

A total of 123 consecutive unique patient samples had positive PF4‐heparin ELISA with also HNA data, SRA data, and 4T scores available. Compared to SRA, a “laboratory criteria” (ELISA OD ≥ 1.4 and HNA ≥ 70%) had a sensitivity of 88% (14/16) and specificity of 91% (42/46), and a “combined criteria” (4T score = 8, or 4T score = 6 or 7 and ELISA OD ≥ 1.0, or 4T score = 4 or 5 and ELISA OD ≥ 2.0) had a sensitivity of 75% (12/16) and specificity of 98% (45/46) in the training data set. Laboratory and combined criteria had 90% (56/62) concordance rate. Importantly, for these concordant cases, the diagnostic specificity is 100% (46/46). Based on the data, a novel diagnostic algorithm combining these 2 criteria was proposed and validated prospectively.

Conclusion

A novel algorithm has high diagnostic accuracy and potentially could eliminate the need for SRA testing in at least 90% patients with suspected HIT.
Purine metabolism controls innate lymphoid cell function and protects against intestinal injury
Authors: Crittenden Siobhan , Cheyne Ashleigh , Adams Alexander , Forster Thorsten , Robb Calum T , Felton Jennifer , Ho Gwo‐Tzer , Ruckerl Dominik , Rossi Adriano G , Anderton Stephen M , Ghazal Peter , Satsangi Jack , Howie Sarah E , Yao Chengcan
Published: May 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition of chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder with increasing prevalence but limited effective therapies. The purine metabolic pathway is involved in various inflammatory processes including IBD. However, the mechanisms through which purine metabolism modulates IBD remain to be established. Here, we found that mucosal expression of genes involved in the purine metabolic pathway is altered in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), which is associated with elevated gene expression signatures of the group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)–interleukin (IL)‐22 pathway. In mice, blockade of ectonucleotidases (NTPDases), critical enzymes for purine metabolism by hydrolysis of extracellular adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (eATP) into adenosine, exacerbates dextran‐sulfate sodium‐induced intestinal injury. This exacerbation of colitis is associated with reduction of colonic IL‐22‐producing ILC3s, which afford essential protection against intestinal inflammation, and is rescued by exogenous IL‐22. Mechanistically, activation of ILC3s for IL‐22 production is reciprocally mediated by eATP and adenosine. These findings reveal that the NTPDase‐mediated balance between eATP and adenosine regulates ILC3 cell function to provide protection against intestinal injury and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for treating IBD by targeting the purine–ILC3 axis.
Use of Electronic Patient Portals in Pregnancy: An Overview
Authors: Ukoha Erinma P. , Yee Lynn M.
Published: May 2018

Electronic patient portals are increasingly utilized in contemporary health care systems. Patient portal use has been found to be beneficial in multiple specialties, particularly in management of chronic diseases. However, there are disparities within portal use. For example, individuals who are racial and ethnic minorities and persons from lower socioeconomic status are less likely to enroll and use patient portals than non‐Hispanic white persons and persons with higher socioeconomic status. Because portal use and, specifically, patient‐provider secure messaging has been associated with favorable health outcomes, disparities in use of these portals could affect health outcomes. Electronic patient portal use by childbearing women has not been well studied, and data on portal use during pregnancy are limited. This article reviews the current literature regarding electronic patient portal use and highlights the need for further maternity care‐focused research regarding this new avenue of care delivery during pregnancy.
Associations Among Nursing Work Environment and Health‐Promoting Behaviors of Nurses and Nursing Performance Quality: A Multilevel Modeling Approach
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Han Kihye
Published: May 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the relationships among the unit‐level nursing work environment and individual‐level health‐promoting behaviors of hospital nurses in South Korea and their perceived nursing performance quality.

Methods

This study used a cross‐sectional design. Data were collected using self‐reported questionnaires from 432 nurses in 57 units at five hospitals in South Korea. Nursing performance quality, nursing work environment, and health‐promoting behaviors were measured using the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance, Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile‐II, respectively.

Results

Nurses working in units with nurse managers who were characterized by better ability and by quality leadership, and who provided more support to nurses exhibited significantly greater health responsibility and physical activity. Nurses working with sufficient staffing and resources reported better stress management. Positive collegial nurse–physician relationships in units were significantly associated with more healthy eating among nurses. Nurses working in units with sufficient staffing and resources, and who had a higher level of spiritual growth and health responsibility, were more likely to perceive their nursing performance quality as being higher.

Conclusions

To improve the quality of nursing practice, hospitals should focus on helping nurses maintain healthy lifestyles, as well as improving their working conditions in South Korea. Organizational support for adequate human resources and materials, mutual cooperation among nurses and physicians, and workplace health‐promotion interventions for spiritual growth and health responsibility are needed.

Clinical Relevance

Organizational efforts to provide sufficient staffing and resources, boost the development of personal resources among nurses, and promote nurses’ responsibility for their own health could be effective strategies for improving nursing performance quality and patient outcomes.
Severe extensive ecchymotic oedema in the buttock
Authors: Anne Welfringer‐Morin , Alain Lefèvre‐Utile
Published: May 2018

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Malodorous feet
Authors: Artal Elena , Martin‐Ezquerra Gemma
Published: May 2018

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Accuracy and precision of dolphin group size estimates
Authors: Gerrodette Tim , Perryman Wayne L. , Oedekoven Cornelia S.
Published: May 2018

Estimating the number of dolphins in a group is a challenging task. To assess the accuracy and precision of dolphin group size estimates, observer estimates were compared to counts from large‐format vertical aerial photographs. During 11 research cruises, a total of 2,435 size estimates of 434 groups were made by 59 observers. Observer estimates were modeled as a function of the photo count in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Accuracy varied widely among observers, and somewhat less widely among dolphin species. Most observers tended to underestimate, and the tendency increased with group size. Groups of 25, 50, 100, and 500 were underestimated by <1%, 16%, 27%, and 47%, respectively, on average. Precision of group size estimates was low, and estimates were highly variable among observers for the same group. Predicted true group size, given an observer estimate, was larger than the observer estimate for groups of more than about 25 dolphins. Predicted group size had low precision, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.7 to 1.9. Studies which depend on group size estimates will be improved if the tendency to underestimate group size and the high uncertainty of group size estimates are included in the analysis.
Depression and its effects on the success of resin‐based restorations
Authors: Ravindramurthy Shruti , Vieira Alexandre R.
Published: May 2018

Aims

There are many factors that play into the success or failure of dental treatments, and mental health has been hypothesized to increase failure rates in treatment such as resin‐based restorations. The goal of this work was to evaluate if composite resin dental restorations perform the same in individuals with depression in comparison to matched individuals without depression.

Methods and results

A total of 6,026 individuals from the University of Pittsburgh Dental Registry and DNA Repository project were evaluated and 326 patients with depression were selected for this study. They were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking history with 326 subjects without depression. Rates of failure of resin‐based restorations were determined in both groups. Chi‐square was used for all comparisons with alpha set at 0.05. We found significantly higher failure rates of resin‐based restorations in patients diagnosed with clinical depression (p < 0.00001, OR = 1.89, 95% C.I. 1.6 to 2.23).

Discussion

The significantly higher failure rates in patients with clinical depression suggests that clinical depression has an effect on the success of resin‐based restorations. The results of this study suggest a need for more personalized dental care for patients, which includes taking into account their mental health and its subsequent effects on oral health and hygiene, and customized definitions of follow‐up time intervals.