bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Survival of Middle Eastern and North African Individuals Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study in California
Authors: Zaki Timothy A. , Ziogas Argyrios , Chang Jenny , Murphy Caitlin C. , Anton-Culver Hoda
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:
Literature on colorectal cancer outcomes in individuals of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) descent is limited. To address this gap, we estimated five-year colorectal cancer–specific survival by race and ethnicity, including MENA individuals, in a diverse, population-based sample in California.
Methods:
We identified adults (ages 18–79 years) diagnosed with a first or only colorectal cancer in 2004 to 2017 using the California Cancer Registry (CCR), including non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, Hispanic, and MENA individuals. For each racial/ethnic group, we calculated five-year colorectal cancer–specific survival and used Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the association of race/ethnicity and survival, adjusting for clinical and socio demographic factors.
Results:
Of 110,192 persons diagnosed with colorectal cancer, five-year colorectal cancer–specific survival was lowest in Black (61.0%) and highest in MENA (73.2%) individuals. Asian (72.2%) individuals had higher survival than White (70.0%) and Hispanic (68.2%) individuals. In adjusted analysis, MENA [adjusted HR (aHR), 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76–0.89], Asian (aHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83–0.90), and Hispanic (aHR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91–0.97) race/ethnicity were associated with higher, and Black (aHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09–1.18) race/ethnicity was associated with lower survival compared with non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity.
Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to report colorectal cancer survival in MENA individuals in the United States. We observed higher survival of MENA individuals compared with other racial/ethnic groups, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Impact:
Future studies are needed to identify factors contributing to cancer outcomes in this unique population.
Diet Quality and Fecal Bile Acid Composition
Authors: Oliveira ML , Abuzer M , Wolf P , Cares K , Grippo P , Mutlu E , Gaskins HR , Ridion J , Tussing-Humphreys L
Published: May 2024

Background: Bile acids (BAs) are steroid metabolites generated by the liver from cholesterol. Their function is to support digestion of dietary fat, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins. The gut microbiota metabolizes BAs that escape intestinal reabsorption to secondary BAs and other metabolites that are linked to increased risk of diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). Diet plays a major role in BA metabolism and may be an important target for optimizing host-microbial BA metabolism for cancer prevention. Purpose: To examine fecal BA metabolites in relation to diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, HEI-2015) among urban middle to older age adults. Methods: 135 participants were recruited from two academic medical centers. Stool, two 24-hour diet recalls, anthropometrics, and survey data were collected. Fecal BA profiling was completed using LC/MS. Diet quality was calculated using USDA's HEI-2015. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. Results: Participants were 57% female, 51% African/American Black, mean age of 59.6 (±6.2) years and mean BMI of 31.4 (±6.9) kg/m2. Using USDA's cut-point for poor diet quality (HEI-2015 < 51 points), participants with poor diet quality were significantly more likely to be classified with obesity, self-report as African American/Black, report lower educational attainment, have increased secondary BAs, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), and lower 3-oxo-lithocholic acid and iso-allo-deoxycholic acid derivatives. In linear models, HEI-2015 (continuous) was a significant inverse predictor of DCA and LCA when controlling for BMI, race, and education. BMI was a significant positive predictor of DCA and LCA when controlling for HEI-2015, race, education. African American/Black was a significant inverse predictor of 3-oxo-lithocholic acid and iso-allo-deoxycholic acid when controlling for HEI-2015, BMI, and education. Conclusion. Poor diet quality and elevated BMI is associated with increased secondary BAs that have been linked to increased risk of CRC. Improving diet quality and reducing BMI may optimize host-microbial BA metabolism to prevent disease. African American/Black was an independent predicator of lower anti-inflammatory BA derivatives which warrants further investigation.
Lifetime Body Weight Trajectories and Risk of Kidney Cancer: A Large US Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Deng Z , Hajihosseini M , Moore JX , Khan S , Bondy ML , Chung BI , Langston M
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate kidney cancer risk in relation to the body mass index (BMI) trajectory and cumulative exposure to excess weight. Methods: We identified several anthropometric metrics to capture the lifetime BMI patterns from the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. These measures included BMI at specific ages (age 20 years, 50 years, and age at completing the baseline questionnaire), BMI trajectory from age 20 to baseline, cumulative exposure to overweight/obesity from age 20 to baseline, and weight change during each age span. The BMI trajectory was identified using the latent class trajectory model. The cumulative exposure, which was quantified by weighted years of living with overweight/obesity (WYO), was obtained by summing up the excess BMI (BMI-25, set to 0 when BMI < 25) across ages. Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, sex, randomization arm, race, education, smoking, aspirin use, history of hypertension and diabetes, was conducted to quantify the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between each anthropometric metric and incident kidney cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, incident kidney cancers were diagnosed in 391 men and 223 women. A higher BMI at age 20, 50, and baseline was associated with a greater hazard of kidney cancer. Compared to individuals who retained normal BMI throughout adulthood, an increased hazard of kidney cancer was observed for individuals who progressed from normal BMI to overweight (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15,1.73), from normal BMI to obesity (HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.58), and from overweight to obesity (HR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.88,4.13). Compared to individuals who were never overweight (WYO = 0), elevated HRs were observed among individuals who experienced low (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.57), medium (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.15,1.87), and high (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.43) level of WYO (tertiles of WYO above 0). Weight gain of ≥10 kg was positively associated with kidney cancer incidence for each age span. Conclusions: Being overweight in early adulthood, weight gain in later life, and higher cumulative exposure to excess weight over the lifespan were all associated with increased risk of kidney cancer.
Prevalence of USPSTF Recommended Cancer Screenings Among Individuals Eligible For Lung Cancer Screening: An Analysis of the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey
Authors: Hirsch EA , Zahnd WE , Eberth JM , Studts JL
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low dose CT (LDCT) is the newest cancer screening modality recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and currently remains largely underutilized with uptake rates <20% among eligible individuals. As LCS continues to be integrated into routine public health practice, it is important to understand the context of cancer screenings among LCS-eligible individuals. The purpose of this study was to quantify rates of USPSTF recommended cancer screenings (lung, colorectal, breast, cervical) among LCS-eligible individuals. Methods: Data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were used to estimate weighted percentages of being up-to-date with USPSTF recommended cancer screenings among all individuals eligible for LCS using 2013 USPSTF guidelines using the eight states who included the optional LCS module (Delaware, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, West Virginia). Rates were additionally calculated separately for individuals compliant and non-compliant with LCS. Cancer screening eligibility was defined by USPSTF guideline variables available in the BRFSS, and rates were calculated using LCS-eligible subsets that matched screening eligibility (i.e., ages <75 for colorectal and <65 for cervical). Results: The study sample included 2,793 LCS-eligible individuals. Among these individuals, 16.5% of men and 20.2% of women, reported having a LDCT within the past 12 months. Comparatively, 63.0% of LCS-eligible men were up-to-date for colorectal screening, and 65.9%, 71.7%, and 60.4% of LCS-eligible women were up-to-date on colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screenings, respectively. Rates of being up-to-date for colorectal, breast, and cervical screenings were universally higher among women compliant with LCS compared to non-compliant with LCS, and significantly greater for colorectal screening among men compliant with LCS compared to non-compliant (84.5% vs. 58.9%, Wald P value = 0.003). Conclusions: Rates of colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screenings are higher than LCS among individuals eligible for LCS, highlighting important opportunities to improve LCS and subsequently reducing lung cancer mortality.
Red Blood Cell Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Mortality Following Breast Cancer: Results From the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study
Authors: Parada H , Wu T , Yang M , Hoh E , Rock CL , Martinez ME
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To examine the associations between red blood cell (RBC) composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and mortality among women with breast cancer. Methods: This nested case-control study included 1,104 women from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study, a randomized controlled trial of a plant-based dietary change on breast cancer survival. Cases were women who died from any cause (n = 290) from 1995 to 2006. Controls were women who were alive at the end of follow-up matched to cases on age at diagnosis, years since randomization, intervention group, and stage (n = 814). RBC fatty acid composition was measured in blood samples collected at baseline using gas chromatography and included the proportions of four n-3 and seven n-6 PUFAS. We examined each PUFA individually as well as factor analysis-derived factors in association with all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality using conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In fully-adjusted models, all-cause mortality ORs were elevated among women with PUFAs >median (versus ≤ median) for alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n3; OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.14–2.14) and for linolenic acid (LnA, C18:2n6, OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.15–2.07), and breast cancer-specific mortality ORs were elevated for LnA (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.24–2.38) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3n6; OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 0.97–2.00). Factor 1 [arachidonic acid, C20:4n6; adrenic acid, C22:4n6; and docosapentaenoic acid, C22:5n6] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with lower odds of all-cause (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.53–0.98) and breast cancer-specific (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.47–0.94) mortality, and Factor 4 [ALA and GLA] scores >median (versus ≤median) were associated with increased odds of breast cancer-specific mortality (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01–2.01). Additionally, 1-SD increase in Factor 4 scores were associated with ORs of 1.22 (95% CI = 1.04–1.42) for all-cause mortality and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.05–1.47) for breast cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: RBC PUFA composition profiles are associated with all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality risk among women with breast cancer.
Abstract A005: Exploring liquid biopsy for the detection of bladder cancer: Unraveling RNA fusions
Authors: Saidian Mayer , Saenz Jason , Hernandez Carlos , Lee Lauren , Dunnigan Andrew , Lu Yabin , Jafari Nafiseh
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study delves into the promising realm of liquid biopsy for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer. Leveraging urine as a valuable source, our investigation focuses on identifying RNA fusions associated with bladder cancer, with specific attention to ETV6-NTRK3 and PRCC-TFE3. The utilization of liquid biopsy offers a less invasive and more accessible approach to diagnosing bladder cancer, potentially revolutionizing the field of cancer diagnostics. These specific RNA fusions in urine samples may serve as reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of bladder cancer. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance diagnostic methodologies to improve patient outcomes and streamline cancer management. Materials and Methods: Urine was collected from healthy male donors using UAS, a urine preservative from Novosanis, for improved urine preservation and stability. The urine samples with UAS were centrifuged at 16,000 xg for 10 min to obtain cf-urine. Three 20 mL aliquots of the precleared supernatant urine samples were spiked with an RNA fusion reference standard from Anchor Molecular containing ETV6-NTRK3 and PRCC-TFE3RNA at a concentration of 20ng/mL. All samples were extracted using the nRichDX Revolution Max20 cfTNA Isolation Kit. The eluants from the extracted samples were DNAse treated. The extracted cfTNAs profile was assessed on 4150 TapeStation System, Agilent, using RNA ScreenTape. Extracted nucleic acids from urine were evaluated using a RT-qPCR assay to quantify the number of copies of the fusion RNAs. Results: The Renal RNA fusions ETV6-NTRK3 and PRCC-TFE3RNA were successfully extracted using the nRichDX Revolution cfTNA Isolation Kit. TapeStation analysis demonstrated prominent 18S and 28S peaks, confirming the successful extraction of RNA from 20 mL urine samples. The mean percent recovery of the recovered RNA Fusion mutation was about 70% via RT-qPCR. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a recovery rate of approximately 70% for spiked RNA fusions in the urine samples. This research holds the promise of revolutionizing cancer diagnostics by introducing a method that is not only reliable but also convenient for early detection and monitoring. Identifying specific RNA fusions in urine samples as biomarkers is a significant step in enhancing diagnostic methodologies. As we contribute to these ongoing efforts, we aim to improve patient outcomes and streamline the management of bladder cancer through innovative and effective diagnostic approaches.

Citation Format: Mayer Saidian, Jason Saenz, Carlos Hernandez, Lauren Lee, Andrew Dunnigan, Yabin Lu, Nafiseh Jafari. Exploring liquid biopsy for the detection of bladder cancer: Unraveling RNA fusions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A005.
Abstract IA002: Molecular subtypes of NMIBC
Authors: Lindskrog Sia V.
Published: May 2024

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) show large variation in disease aggressiveness which is not fully explained by differences in clinical and pathological factors. It is therefore essential to increase our understanding of the molecular landscape of NMIBC to improve risk assessment and identify potential therapeutic targets. In 2021, we published the four transcriptomic UROMOL2021 classes of NMIBC: class 1, class 2a, class 2b and class 3 (Lindskrog et al., Nature Communications, 2021). Multiple other subtyping schemes for NMIBC have been published, including, among others, the Lund taxonomy (Marzouka et al., The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022), the stage-stratified subtypes from Leeds (Hurst et al., Cell Reports Medicine, 2021) and BRS1-3 from Rotterdam (de Jong et al., Science Translational Medicine, 2023). In my presentation, I will give an overview of the development and status of NMIBC subtypes and discuss clinical utility. Furthermore, I will present novel data from the UROMOL cohort, where we have now performed a comprehensive genomic characterization of tumors using whole exome sequencing (n=438) and shallow whole genome sequencing (n=362). Overall, we observe a large genomic variation within NMIBC that is associated with different gene expression profiles (UROMOL2021 classes). We performed integrative clustering analysis of somatic mutations, copy number alterations and gene expression data for 230 tumors and identified four “iClusters”, which were highly prognostic and went beyond the single-layer stratifications of tumors. Multi-omics subtyping may improve our understanding of differences in disease aggressiveness within NMIBC further, which could ultimately be used to improve risk assessment of patients and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Citation Format: Sia V. Lindskrog. Molecular subtypes of NMIBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA002.
Abstract IA008: Dissecting innate immune mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in bladder cancer
Authors: Bhardwaj Nina
Published: May 2024

We have explored the TME of bladder cancer (BC) leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and clinical trial data to ascertain the complexity of tumor-infiltrated immune ecllls in BC. As a first step we identify distinct tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) populations associated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response and resistance. Through plasma cytokine profiling, in vitro assays, and spatial analyses, we uncover novel cytokine-driven axes influencing these TAM populations and their impact on T cells, offering insights into enhancing anti-tumor T cell immunity in BC. Second, we investigate the potential of urine-derived cells (UDCs) as surrogates for monitoring the BC TME. Our scRNAseq atlas of BC patient UDCs reveals a diverse composition of immune cell populations, strikingly transcriptionally similar to tumor immune cells and containing immune subsets absent or rare in peripheral blood, suggesting their utility as biomarkers for response to therapeutic intervention. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the immune landscape of BC and provide putative targets to enhance existing immunotherapy strategies in BC.

Citation Format: Nina Bhardwaj. Dissecting innate immune mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA008.
Understanding Social, Cultural, and Religious Factors Influencing Medical Decision-Making on BRCA1/2 Genetic Testing in the Orthodox Jewish Community
Authors: Yi Haeseung , Trivedi Meghna S. , Crew Katherine D. , Schechter Isaac , Appelbaum Paul , Chung Wendy K. , Allegrante John P. , Kukafka Rita
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Although the prevalence of a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is about 1:400 (0.25%) in the general population, the prevalence is as high as 1:40 (2.5%) among the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Despite cost-effective preventive measures for mutation carriers, Orthodox Jews constitute a cultural and religious group that requires different approaches to BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing relative to other groups. This study analyzed a dialog of key stakeholders and community members to explore factors that influence decision-making about BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing in the New York Orthodox Jewish community. Methods: Qualitative research methods, based on Grounded Theory and Narrative Research, were utilized to analyze the narrative data collected from 49 key stakeholders and community members. A content analysis was conducted to identify themes; inter-rater reliability was 71%. Results: Facilitators of genetic testing were a desire for preventive interventions and education, while barriers to genetic testing included negative emotions, feared impact on family/romantic relationships, cost, and stigma. Views differed on the role of religious leaders and healthcare professionals in medical decision-making. Education, health, and community were discussed as influential factors, and concerns were expressed about disclosure, implementation, and information needs. Conclusion: This study elicited the opinions of Orthodox Jewish women (decision-makers) and key stakeholders (influencers) who play critical roles in the medical decision-making process. The findings have broad implications for engaging community stakeholders within faith-based or culturally distinct groups to ensure better utilization of healthcare services for cancer screening and prevention designed to improve population health.
Effect of Pro Re Nata Regimen with Anti-VEGF on Type 3 Macular Neovascularization: Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Toto Lisa , Viggiano Pasquale , Quarta Alberto , Grassi Mariaoliva , De Nicola Chiara , Aloia Raffaella , D'Aloisio Rossella , Boscia Giacomo , Boscia Francesco , Porreca Annamaria , Di Nicola Marta , Savastano Maria Cristina , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term outcomes of intravitreal injections (IVI) of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV). Methods: This retrospective study included 19 eyes of 17 patients with nAMD and type 3 MNV treated with anti-VEGF IVI with a loading dose and a PRN regimen. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), presence of macular intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF), flow area (FA), subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), and macular atrophy (MA) were assessed at baseline (T0) and during follow-up (T1, post-loading phase; T2, 1 year; T3, 2 years; T4 >2 years). The correlations between MA at the last follow-up and standard deviation (SD) values of CMT and CT during follow-up were assessed. The influence of the number of injections on the change in MA over time was also analyzed. MA differences at T4 were assessed for pseudodrusen presence. Results: BCVA improved significantly during follow-up (p = 0.013) particularly increasing from baseline to post-loading phase and then did not modify significantly thereafter. CMT significantly reduced from T0 to T1 and remained stable during follow-up (p = <0.001). MNV flow area showed a trend toward an increase in the post-loading phase that was not statistically significant (p = 0.082) and CT decreased significantly during follow-up (p < 0.001). MA changed significantly during follow-up (p < 0.001) with a significant increase from T0 to T3 and from T0 to T4 (p < 0.010). A Cochran-Armitage test for trend showed a significant reduction (p = 0.001) of macular IRF and SRF during follow-up. MA at T4 showed a significant positive correlation with SD (standard deviation) values of CMT (p = 0.040) and CT (p = 0.020). Indeed, the number of injections did not influence the change over time of MA (p = 0.709). MA at T4 was not statistically significantly different between patients with pseudodrusen at baseline (p = 0.497). Conclusions: Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections with PRN regimen in MNV type 3 showed functional and anatomical benefits. Variations of retinal thickness and choroidal thickness during treatment were related to MA modification over time.
Evidence of positive influence: soft skills competence and organizational culture on innovative work behavior
Authors: Kholifah Nur , Nurtanto Muhammad , Kassymova Gulzhaina K. , Subakti Hani , Hamid Mustofa Abi
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the innovative work behavior (IWB) of marine lecturers, considering work motivation (WM), organizational culture (OC), and soft skill competence (SSC). Data from 145 respondents representing ten higher education polytechnics in Indonesia were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Respondents answered 54 Likert-scale questions, revealing that SSC significantly shapes IWB (estimated value: 0.504), primarily through problem-solving ability. However, WM showed no significant impact on IWB, possibly due to non-influential dimensions like science, technology, environment, and society. Incorporating technological developments as moderating variables could enhance this relationship. Notably, SSC and OC exhibit crucial relationships with IWB, highlighting their importance over WM. These findings shed light on the complex dynamics influencing IWB among marine lecturers, emphasizing the significance of SSC and OC in fostering innovation in the maritime education sector.
Valid and reliable instrument for measuring Indonesian students’ reading literacy
Authors: Kharismawati Limala Ratni Sri , Widodo Pratomo , Retnawati Heri
Published: May 2024

The study aims to verify the validity and reliability of a set of tests for measuring Indonesian students’ reading literacy achievement that has been developed by the Center for Language Strategy and Diplomacy Development as well as the Educational Assessment Center, two institutions under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. The construct validity of the test was verified using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the reliability was estimated using the composite reliability (CR) formula. The data used were responses from a sample of 6,539 students from 294 high schools in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The sample was established using a multistage sampling technique from the study population of 15-year-old students in Indonesia. The results indicated that the construct validity of the test was verified and the reliability coefficient was 0.805, which was defined good. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the set of tests is appropriate to be used to measure Indonesian students’ reading literacy achievement. In other words, using the set of tests will establish measurement that can reflect the reading literacy achievement of Indonesian students.
The Gusjigang model for strengthening local wisdom-based character education in digital era
Authors: Asror Moh , Zainiyati Husniyatus Salamah , Suryani Suryani
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze Gusjigang (bagus (superior), ngaji (religious science), and dagang (trade)) as a model of strengthening character education based on local wisdom in the digital era. This research methodology uses a systematic literature review with in-depth analysis. The results of this study show that the dimensions of Gusjigang can foster moral goodness, intellectual development, and entrepreneurial spirit. In this case, the younger generation can build a strong ethical foundation, utilize technology wisely, and contribute to the development of themselves and society. By combining Gusjigang values and digital technology, it can create a model of character education that is relevant, strengthens cultural identity, and can adapt to changing times without losing its roots and fundamental values.
Laissez-faire leadership: a comprehensive systematic review for effective education practices
Authors: Kamal Faisal , Ridwan Ridwan , Ali Rachman Puja Kesuma Tubagus
Published: May 2024

This analysis addresses the knowledge gap on laissez-faire leadership in organizations. After reviewing 64 articles through the systematic literature review, the study finds that laissez-faire leadership, marked by minimal decision-making involvement, is generally associated with negative outcomes like reduced employee satisfaction and productivity. However, its impact can vary based on context, potentially fostering creativity in highly skilled and motivated teams. The study emphasizes the need for judicious application of this leadership style and suggests that school managers should discern when to use it, considering its suitability for different types of educators. Overall, the research contributes valuable insights for leaders aiming to optimize leadership strategies in diverse contexts.
Pre-service teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and attitudes towards slow learner students
Authors: Sintawati Mukti , Sukma Hanum Hanifa , Mardati Asih , Feruzi Sadiki Moshi , Satrianawati Satrianawati
Published: May 2024

The pedagogical knowledge and acceptance of pre-service teachers towards slow learner students contribute to the implementation of inclusive education in regular schools. This study investigates the level of knowledge and acceptance pre-service teachers have in applying effective teaching strategies for students with slower learning needs. The participants of this study were 187 students at a private university in. This research is ex-post facto research. The research instrument used was a pedagogical knowledge test and attitude questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using correlation analysis, and t-test, to determine the relationship between pedagogical knowledge and attitudes towards slow learner students. The finding reveals that there was a positive relationship between pedagogical knowledge and attitudes towards slow learners, but the correlation between the two is not strong, in the medium category. Pre-service teachers gain pedagogical knowledge from inclusive education courses. Pre-service teachers also form a positive attitude towards slow learner students because of their experience interacting with slow learner students. A strong correlation between the variables in this study suggests that pre-service teachers' pedagogical knowledge has a limited impact on their attitudes toward slow learners. This highlights the need for improved training in effective teaching strategies for slow learners.
Scrutinizing Indonesian pre-service teachers’ technological knowledge in utilizing AI-powered tools
Authors: Hastomo Tommy , Mandasari Berlinda , Widiati Utami
Published: May 2024

Educators have widely adopted artificial intelligence (AI) as a product of technology to prepare teaching materials and enhance their understanding of technology integration in language teaching. As prospective teachers who may teach digital native students later, pre-service teachers must be more capable and knowledgeable in technologically-based pedagogy, materials, and assessment. This study aimed to explore English as a foreign language (EFL) pre-service teachers’ technological knowledge of utilizing AI-powered tools using the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework and investigate their strategies in the advanced of their technological knowledge. This mixed-method research design employed a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview as instruments to collect data. Fifty-five EFL pre-service teachers were purposively selected. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed statistically and descriptively, and data from interviews were analyzed thematically. The first findings of this study comprehensively revealed that EFL pre-service teachers exhibit a moderate level of proficiency in addressing technological knowledge (TK), technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), technological content knowledge (TCK), and TPACK in utilizing AI-powered tools. Meanwhile, the second finding revealed that the participants employed four key strategies to advance their technological knowledge using AI-powered tools: engaging in TPD programs, collaborating with tech-savvy colleagues, staying informed about AI trends, and experimenting with AI-powered tools.
Realistic mathematics education and mathematical literacy: a meta-analysis conducted on studies in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Amelia Defrianti , Juandi Dadang , Turmudi Turmudi
Published: May 2024

A considerable body of literature exists pertaining to realistic mathematics education (RME) and its correlation with mathematical literacy, with numerous studies demonstrating incongruent results. The principal objective of this meta-analysis is to systematically investigate the overarching influence of RME on mathematical literacy within the context of Indonesia. The collection of documents comprises a total of seventeen publications that were released between the years 2014 and 2023. The estimation methodologies utilized in this study were grounded on a random-effects model, and statistical computations were conducted utilizing the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software in academic writing. The equation proffered by Hedges was employed for the quantification of effect magnitude. The outcomes of the investigation reveal that the implementation of RME learning yielded a noteworthy and advantageous impact (effect size = 1.031; p 0.05) on the adeptness of students in the domain of mathematical literacy. Moreover, many moderating factors, including class capacity, educational level, geographical location, content of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), and the combination of learning, did not significantly impact students' diverse mathematical literacy proficiency. This study proposes that mathematics educators should consider utilizing the RME as a means of improving students' proficiency in mathematical literacy.
Unleashing the secrets of academic writing: exploring Indonesian language courses in higher education
Authors: Kusmanto Hari , Zamzani Zamzani , Suryaman Maman
Published: May 2024

Academic writing has been a widely substantial course in higher education as it plays a vital role in cultivating students’ academic writing skills. Drawing on qualitative descriptive study, this study aims to explore the fundamental requirements for academic writing to base the creation of an effective learning framework. Data consisted of teaching materials, semester learning plan (SLP), assessment tools, and guidelines for academic writing from three universities in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Findings reveal that learning materials and the SLP have both strengths and weaknesses. Despite these, there is diversity in learning and assessment methods. Adopted teaching methods encompass project-based learning, problemsolving, and lectures, while learning assessment includes portfolio techniques, project assessment, and written exams. These findings provide insight into the imperative of academic writing in the academic setting. This serves as a basis for the development of more effective learning methods. Thus, the proposed model for academic writing adopts a project-based approach to improve students’ writing by integrating indigenous wisdom to promote students' character development.
La tecnología y sus implicaciones en el aprendizaje
Authors: Benavides Sarmiento Marcela , Holguin Villamil Oscar
Published: May 2024

El documento presenta una panorámica de diversas concepciones sobre Tecnología, sus formas de enseñanza, la construcción del sujeto a partir de ella y el dilema predominante en los procesos de evaluación en esta área, planteando una serie de reflexiones a propósito de las mediaciones presentes entre la construcción de conocimiento tecnológico y las actividades que conducen a su aprendizaje.
Sobre nuestro papel
Authors: Jiménez David Andrés
Published: May 2024

Hoy nos encontramos ante un nuevo número de la Revista Aletheia. Al igual que muchos proyectos editoriales, éste no ha sido un proceso sencillo. La revista durante el último año enfrentó múltiples dificultades editoriales y técnicas que alcanzaron a torpedear varios procesos. Sin embargo, como nos lo recuerda el proverbio popular, “la constancia vence lo que la dicha no alcanza”, y el número que hoy presentamos es muestra de ello. Nos hemos empeñado en consolidar un proyecto editorial de calidad que le apunte a generar una comunidad académica consistente. Logro que se está debe a la persistencia, no individual sino colectiva, en vencer a los devoradores de sueños; porque todo éxito es colectivo y no individual, por más que la lógica individualista así nos lo quiera hacer entender.
Os conflitos na bacia do Prata
Authors: Vidaurreta Alicia
Published: May 2024

Comentário da obra de León Pomer
Estudo toponímico do rio Tietê
Authors: Drumond Carlos , Nogueira Arlinda Rocha
Published: May 2024

Besides tracing the many uses and variations of the  of the Tietê river (and its tributaries), the following study tries to draw a pattern of the way in which they are used, and their different ortography. In order to do that the AA have gone through works, maps and documents dating from the seventeenth century onwards. Nevertheless, it seems that those aims have not always been achieved: many of the toponyms require a more through analysis. So far, not all the attempts are not enterely convincing. In the study mentioned, an analysis of the names which have been attributed to the Tietê river — Anhembi and Tietê — with its starting point as the history of that river, has been essayed. Afterwards, a survey of the tributaries and the study of every and each one of them has been undertaken. The essay ends with an attempt at classifying the toponyms.
O pensamento conservador paulista: o regionalismo de Cincinato Braga
Authors: Prado Maria Lígia Coelho
Published: May 2024

Our objective in this article is to show some of the proposals presented by Cincinato Braga for the solution of Paulista problems in his book Brazilian Problems, first published in 1921. Beginning with this account, we shall try to analyse his output in the attempt to clear up some of the ideological components of his thought. We shall pause at three main points particularly discussed by the author: first, the defense of São Paulo in the national panorama; then his perspectives on capitalism in Brazil, including the problem of land (agriculture for export), of industry, and of commerce; finally, his view with respect to the “social problems”
Effect of water temperature on the development of Portunus trituberculatus larvae in the off-season breeding mode (Decapoda, Portunidae)
Authors: Wu Jialin , Wan Litao , Li Bin , Zhang Dongxu , Shi Huilai , Zhang Tao , Ping Hongling , He Jie
Published: May 2024

To clarify the influence of different water temperatures on the development of Portunus trituberculatus (swimming crab) larvae during off-season (early autumn) breeding, a gradient of four rearing temperatures of 27, 29, 31 and 33°C was set up, and the effects of water temperature on larval development were systematically compared. The results showed that the moulting cycle (MC) from the zoea 1 (Z1)-zoea 2 (Z2) stage was not significantly affected by water temperature (), remaining at approximately 3 days. However, in the Z2-megalopa (M) stage, the MC in the 31°C group was consistently the shortest. The total developmental duration and total effective cumulative temperature during Z1-M in the 31°C group were the lowest at 9.97 days and 250 days · °C, respectively. According to the equation of water temperature and larval development rate, the development rate was the fastest when the water temperature was 31°C. As the water temperature increased, the survival rate (SR) of larvae at various stages gradually decreased. The SR of the 27°C group was consistently significantly higher than that of the 33°C group (), especially in the M stage, where the SR of the 33°C group was only 2%, which was significantly lower than that of the 27°C and 29°C groups (). Among the antioxidant indexes, both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were the lowest in the 29°C group at 315.75 U/mg protein and 0.36 mmol/g protein, respectively, and both were significantly lower than those in the 33°C group (). Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were both the lowest in the 31°C group, and in this group the CAT was significantly lower than in the 33°C group, and GSH-PX was significantly lower than in the 27°C group (). For malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the four groups were basically maintained at about 2.5 nmol/mg protein, and there was no significant difference (). In terms of digestive enzyme activity, the activity of lipase (LPS) was basically maintained at 1.93 U/g protein. The other four digestive enzyme activity differences were mainly reflected in that the 31 and 33°C groups maintained relatively higher levels than the 27 and 29°C groups, especially the activities of α-amylase (AMS), and cellulase (CL) in the 33°C group, which were significantly higher than those in the 27 and 29°C groups (). Comprehensive indicators indicate that a water temperature between 29 and 31°C is the appropriate temperature for the development of the larvae of off-season breeding swimming crabs.
Emotional Pain and Self-Harm in the Prose Lancelot and the Alliterative Morte Arthure
Authors: Bolens Guillemette
Published: May 2024

Medieval romance often associates anger, sadness and distress with self-harm when these emotions reach a high level of intensity. In the Alliterative Morte Arthure, Arthur’s knights protest that the king is ‘blundering himself’ (that is, injuring himself) when mourning Gawain and feeling overwhelmed with sorrow. In the Prose Lancelot, Galehaut asks Lancelot, who has spent the night beset by heart-wrenching grief, why he is ‘killing himself’. In both works, the self is foregrounded in episodes that involve intense emotions and self-inflicted injury. The purpose of this essay is to investigate this recurring association of extreme emotions with self-harm in medieval romance.
Emotion and the Female Self: Finding Space for Expression
Authors: Dickson Morgan
Published: May 2024

The expression of emotions, including desire and anger, is culturally encoded, being accepted – or not – depending on factors including social class and gender. In the twelfth century, while the public expression of anger was generally seen as negative, it was deemed acceptable when kings or other aristocratic men used anger as a corrective to a perceived wrong. This public utterance of anger can be seen as an expression of selfhood, of rendering exterior the emotional experience of the interior self. Yet the insular Romance of Horn diverges from this socially gendered behaviour when the princess Rigmel expresses her anger publicly. An analysis of the gendered space of the narrative allows for an understanding of how Rigmel’s anger may be appropriate in the specific context of the scene and what this shows about the expression of female selfhood in relation to her more furtive and private expressions of desire.
Evaluating vehicle trafficability on soft ground using wheel force information
Authors: Liu Mingming , Chen Longlong , Ren Yanxi
Published: May 2024

In the areas of aerospace and military industry, wheeled vehicles are expected to have the ability of passing various ground surfaces, including lunar soil, sand, marsh, mud flat, etc. This makes vehicle trafficability on soft ground become a very hot research topic. There are very a few difficulties in the present research of vehicle trafficability on soft ground, such as obtaining wheel-ground interaction information, inaccurate identification of soil mechanical characteristics parameters, and single evaluation index. In this paper, a novel approach of evaluating the vehicle trafficability on soft ground using wheel force information is proposed. As parts of the proposed approach, the methods of obtaining wheel force information, identification of soil mechanical characteristics parameters and integated method of trafficability evaluation, are discussed in detail. The proposed approach was validated through a practical test.
The Effect of Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Palliative Care on Death Anxiety and Burnout: An Analytic Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Uslu-Sahan Fatma , Terzioglu Fusun , Dizdar Evrim A. , Kayademir Neslihan , Mutlu Derya K. , Adıguzel Garibe , Tozlu Gönül , Baykal Tugce
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determined the effect of neonatal intensive care nurses’ attitudes towards palliative care on death anxiety and burnout. This was an analytic cross-sectional study conducted with 215 neonatal intensive care nurses working a children’s hospital with Turkey’s largest NICU bed capacity. The mean Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale total score was 3.04 ± 0.78, and the mean scores of the organization, resources, and clinician subscales were 3.16 ± 0.86, 2.87 ± 0.80, and 3.10 ± 0.97, respectively. The participants' mean Death Anxiety Scale score was 57.65 ± 21.46, and the mean Burnout Inventory score was 39.21 ± 17.61. The organization subscale explained 17% of the variance in death anxiety, and the organization and resources subscales explained 31% of the variance in burnout. Neonatal intensive care nurses’ palliative care attitudes are moderate; they face obstacles in providing and improving their attitudes in this field. The high level of obstacles increases nurses' death anxiety and burnout.
Pseudolesions involving bone and soft tissue regarding orthopedic oncology
Authors: Seyam Omar , Cardoso Fabiano N. , Bysani Suhitha , Constantin Bianca , Pretell-Mazzini Juan , Subhawong Ty
Published: May 2024

Pseudolesions in bone and muscle are encountered mostly incidentally in routine imaging studies, especially due to the recent advancements on many different imaging modalities. These lesions can be categorized into the following categories: normal variants; congenital; iatrogenic; degenerative; and postoperative. In this review, we discuss the many different radiological characteristics of musculoskeletal pseudolesions that appear on imaging, which can prevent non-essential additional studies.
Meta-analysis of residency program application and acceptance according to sex, race and ethnicity
Authors: Marchand Greg , Arroyo Amanda , Moir Carmen , Blanco Madison , Gonzalez Herrera Daniela , Hamilton Brooke , Ruffley Kate , Petersen Mary , Fernandez Sarena , Ulibarri Hollie
Published: May 2024

Objective

We aimed to investigate trends in residency program application and acceptance rates according to sex and race and ethnicity.

Methods

We collected data from the Journal of the American Medical Association Graduation Medical Education Reports. We extracted the data for 25 residency programs in the United States from 2005 to 2021 and conducted statistical analyses.

Results

Men were most matched for orthopedics (84.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 84.2%–85.1%), and women for oncology (78.7%, 95% CI 78.2%–79.2%). The most matched program was orthopedics for the White subgroup (43.5%, 95% CI 43.2%–43.9%), radiology for the Black subgroup (20%, 95% CI 18.9%–20.9%), general surgery for the Hispanic subgroup (11%, 95% CI 10.7%–11.2%), and internal medicine for the Asian subgroup (35.3%, 95% CI 34.9%–35.6%).

Conclusion

Match rates for women were lower than those for men in all programs except psychiatry, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology. Match rates were significantly lower for Black, Hispanic, and Asian subgroups than the White subgroup in all programs except for internal medicine, with the Asian subgroup being higher. We observed a significant increase in both application and acceptance rates for women and racial and ethnic minorities over the past 40 years.