bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Polyculture and Integrated Multi -Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) in Israel: A Review
Authors: Neori Amir , Shpige Muki , Guttman Lior , Israel Alvaro
Published: February 2021

Israeli aquaculture began in the 1920s, with common carp monoculture. This was followed by polyculture of carp with tilapias, grey mullet, and planktivorous carp. Scientific research on polyculture started in the 1950s and has since contributed to the global science and practice of green water aquaculture, especially with novel polyculture approaches and concepts. Today, the industry is characterized by intensive freshwater polyculture, implemented in earthen fish ponds and reservoirs. In the Mediterranean coastal plain, fresh, brackish, and marine water polyculture is carried out in semi-intensive fishponds. Polyculture in Israel is an entrepreneurial activity that combines ecological principles of Chinese polyculture with local technologies and objectives. The Biofloc approach (active suspension ponds, ASP), periphyton, and aquaponics, were developed in the 1980s in response to rising public and policymakers’ concerns and regulations on land use, pollution, use of chemicals, and organic manures. R&D on marine integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems began in the early 1970s at the National Center for Mariculture (NCM) in Eilat. It started with sea bream and mullet in earthen seawater ponds, whose plankton-rich water recirculated through bivalve and macroalgae biofiltration modules. An advanced form of the concept was deployed in the early 1980s and was studied in detail using nutrient budgets. Several system models with fish, bivalves, and algae, on small and pilot scales, were studied and quantified. Abalone, sea urchins, shrimp, brine shrimp, Salicornia, and periphyton, were added to the Eilat marine IMTA models, beginning in the 1990s. Upon entering the third millennium, Israeli research further examined the relationship between the sustainability and economics of IMTA in world aquaculture.
Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides Surfactin Administration on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes Activities and Some Serum Biochemical Parameters of Orange-spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) JuvenilesShao
Authors: Zhai S-W. , Sun X-W. , Chen X-H.
Published: February 2021

This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary surfactin supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, and some serum biochemical parameters of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles. Three hundred and sixty fish were randomly divided into six treatment groups with four replicates in each group and 15 fish in each replicate. The dietary surfactin levels of four treatment groups were 0 (control group), 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The trial period was 8 weeks. Compared with the control group, final body weight, weight gain rate, and feed conversion ratio were improved significantly by 100mg/kg surfactin supplementation (P<0.05). No significant differences of feeding rate and survival rate were found between the control group and all surfactin supplementation groups (P>0.05). Protease and lipase activity in intestine of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg surfactin supplementation groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Amylase activity was not affected significantly by surfactin supplementation (P>0.05). The blood urea nitrogen levels, and acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg surfactin supplementation groups were significantly ameliorated (P<0.05). The albumin level of 100 mg/kg surfactin supplementation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Lysozyme activity of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg surfactin supplementation groups was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated a promotion of growth performance and improvement of intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and some serum biochemical parameters of the orange-spotted grouper juveniles by appropriate surfactin levels supplemented in diet.
Effects of Substitution of Fish Meal with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal, in Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) Diets
Authors: Hu J. , Wang G. , Huang Y. , Sun Y. , He F. , Zhao H. , Li N.
Published: February 2021

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSF) on growth performance, feed utilization, and plasma parameters, for juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared substituting the FM protein with BSF protein in the following amounts: 0 (control group), 10% (BSF10), 15% (BSF15), 20% (BSF20), 25% (BSF25) and 30% (BSF30). Three replicate groups of juvenile yellow catfish (initial weight of 1.20 ± 0.01 g) were stocked in circular tanks at a rate of 30 fish per tank. The results showed that 20% of the FM in the control diet could be replaced with BSF without significantly reducing weight gain, feed conversion ratio, or whole body and muscle proximate composition. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipids, gross energy, or amino acids were not affected by 10% FM replacement. 30% FM replacement in the BSF30 diet significantly increased the concentration of cholesterol (CHO) and nitric oxide (NO) in the plasma, and significantly reduced the inhibition of superoxide radical anion formation. In conclusion, it appears that up to 20% of the FM in conventional yellow catfish diets can be replaced with BSF, and thus account for up to 8.9% of the total protein in the diet without causing a significant reduction in growth performance.
Formation of Pinocytic Activity in Cultured Common Dentex (Dentex dentex) Larvae Intestine
Authors: Akayli T. , Erkan M. , Çanak Ö. , Ürkü Ç.
Published: February 2021

Larval fish have a relatively poorly developed immune system and hence they primarily rely on non-specific immune responses produced in the skin and gut. This study aims to illustrate the fine structure of gut development in common dentex (Dentex dentex) larvae and determine the initiation of pinocytic activity, which is an important early non-specific immune response in fish intestines, during various live-food feeding stages (yeast enriched rotifer, Artemia nauplii and metanauplii) from hatching (D0) to 25 days after hatching (D25) by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A total of 54 larvae were sampled and examined with electron microscopy. The results show that hind-gut intestine enterocytes have morphological features which suggest they play a role in absorption and intracellular digestion of nutrients in fish. The presence of vigorous pinocytic activity in the Artemia feeding stage between 17-25 days after hatching is evidence for the development of a non-specific immune system. In the present study, the ultrastructural gut development of cultured common dentex was investigated for the first time and the data reported in this study may provide additional fundamental knowledge for improving larval rearing success in common dentex culture.
Enterobacter aerogenes: an Emerging Pathogen for Enteritis in Farmed Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Cao H. , An J. , Ou R. , Lu L. , Ai X. , Yang Y
Published: February 2021

Enteritis has caused significant economic losses in farmed channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Yet information is limited on Enterobacter aerogenes as a potential causal agent for enteritis in channel catfish. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named HT2, was isolated from diseased channel catfish suffering from enteritis, identified phenotypically and molecularly as E. aerogenes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine isolate HT2 and compare it to other known isolates. In addition, isolate HT2 is apparently susceptible to aminoglycosides and quinolones, drugs for veterinary use in aquaculture as seen when screened against a range of common antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of E. aerogenes as a pathogen causing enteritis in farmed channel catfish.
Yeast and Corn Flour Supplement to Enhance Large-scale Culture Efficiency of Marine Copepod Tisbe furcata, a Potential Live Food for Fish Larvae
Authors: Wang K. , Li K. , Shao Junfeng , Hu W. , Li M. , Yang W. , Tian J. , Lin Q.
Published: February 2021

Copepods can generally provide balanced nutrition for first-feeding of fish larvae, and Tisbe furcata is recognized as a potential larval diet for aquaculture. In this study we examined the effects of feed composition and water quality on the population density of T. furcata over 20 days in large-scale culture. Results showed that the population density of T. furcata increased when fed a diet supplemented with yeast and corn flour (P<0.05) and reached a greater mass compared to three other diet compositions. During culture, nitrite and phosphate concentrations in the water were positively correlated with the population density of T. furcata. The concentration levels of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen were low, and did not reveal any negative effects on the growth of T. furcata. We found that the feed formula that contained yeast and corn flour in given quantities did affect the quality of water, even in high culture densities. Yeast and corn flour could constitute promising candidates for feed supplements for T. furcata, or other copepod species in the future.
Multiplex Taqman Real-Time Pcr For Detecting Aeromonas Hydrophila, A. Veronii and A. Schubertii
Authors: Yang Y. , Yu H. , Li Hua , Wang A. , Tan S.
Published: February 2021

In this study, pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. schubertii from fish were detected by multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR assay. The assay utilized three pairs of specific primers and three corresponding TaqMan probes designed to detect the aerolysin gene in A. hydrophila, the aerolysin gene in A. veronii, and the gyrB gene in A. schubertii. The specificity of the probe and primers was evaluated. The detectable concentration for the multiplex real-time PCR was 3.33×10^1 copies/μL per reaction, respectively. In addition, the coefficient of variation was less than 1.5% for both intra-and inter-assay. The assay, when screened for 120 cultured fish samples, showed 76.7% positive for Aeromonas spp. and could accurately identify these bacterial strains. These results indicated that this assay could be used as an effective tool for rapid detection and epidemiology investigation of A. hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. schubertii.
PLA2R1 and HLA-DQA1 gene variations in idiopathic membranous nephropathy in South China
Authors: Wang Fan , Wang Ting-Ting , Liang Xiao-Wan , Lu Jian-Da , Xie Qiong-Hong , Chen Rui-Ying , Xue Jun
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Associations of variations in PLA2R1 and HLA-DQA1 genes with susceptibility to idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) have been well documented. Association with spontaneous remission, however, is poorly defined in the Chinese Han population. Methods: A Chinese cohort of 117 IMN patients and 138 healthy controls were recruited between July 2009 and November 2019. Case-control studies for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within HLA-DQA1 (rs2187668) and PLA2R1 (rs35771982, rs4664308, rs3749117, rs3749119) genes were performed. The contributions of these polymorphisms to predict susceptibility, titre of autoantibodies against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R1), glomerular PLA2R1 expression, and spontaneous remission were analysed. Results: We found that variations in PLA2R1 (SNPs rs35771982, rs4664308, rs3749117) were strongly associated with IMN susceptibility, while SNP (rs2187668) within HLA-DQA1 did not increase the risk of IMN. All SNPs in PLA2R1 and HLA-DQA1 were not statistically associated with anti-PLA2R1 titre, glomerular PLA2R1 expression and spontaneous remission after Bonferroni correction (P>0.0167). Clinical and pathological parameters such as lower levels of serum albumin, higher levels of anti-PLA2R1 and glomerular PLA2R1 expression were independent risk factors for non-spontaneous remission. Conclusion: This study confirms that variations in PLA2R1 (SNPs rs35771982, rs4664308, rs3749117) are risk factors for IMN. We found excellent association of serum albumin level, anti-PLA2R1 titre and glomerular PLA2R1 positivity with non-spontaneous remission in IMN. Keywords: HLA-DQA1, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, PLA2R1, susceptibility, spontaneous remission
Risk factors and outcomes of uterine rupture in Singapore: Emerging trends
Authors: Tan Shu Qi , Chen Li Houng , Muhd Abdul Qadir Dhilshad , Chern Bernard SM , Yeo George SH
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Uterine rupture is uncommon but has catastrophic implications on the pregnancy. A scarred uterus and abnormal placentation are known contributory factors. The aim of our study was to review the contributing factors, clinical presentation, complications and management of uterine rupture in our population in light of the changing nature of modern obstetric practices. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital by studying proven cases of uterine rupture in the period between January 2003 and December 2014. These cases were analysed according to their past history, clinical presentation, complications, management and outcome. Results: A total of 48 cases of proven uterine rupture were identified. The incidence of uterine rupture was 1 in 3,062 deliveries. The ratio of scarred uterus rupture to unscarred uterus rupture was approximately 3:1. The most common factor was previous lower segment caesarean section for the scarred group, followed by a history of laparoscopic myomectomy. Abdominal pain was the common clinical presentation in the antenatal period, while abnormal cardiotocography findings were the most common presentation in intrapartum rupture. Conclusion: There is a notable shift in the trend of uterine rupture cases given the increasing use of laparoscopic myomectomy and elective caesarean sections. While ruptures from these cases were few, their presentation in the antenatal period calls for diligent monitoring with informed patient involvement in their pregnancy care. Keywords: Antenatal, laparoscopic myomectomy, birth after caesarean, rupture, VBAC
Impact of cardiovascular diseases on severity of COVID-19 patients:
A systematic review
Authors: Mishra Pinki , Parveen Rizwana , Bajpai Ram , Samim Mohammed , Agarwal Nidhi Bharal
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases are increasing rapidly worldwide. Similar
to Middle East respiratory syndrome where cardiovascular diseases were present in nearly 30% of cases,
the increased presence of cardiovascular comorbidities remains true for COVID-19 as well. The mechanism
of this association remains unclear at this time. Therefore, we reviewed the available literature and tried
to find the probable association between cardiovascular disease with disease severity and mortality in
COVID-19 patients.
Methods: We searched Medline (via PubMed) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for
articles published until Sept 5, 2020. Nineteen articles were included involving 6,872 COVID-19 patients.
Results: The random-effect meta-analysis showed that cardiovascular disease was significantly associated
with severity and mortality for COVID-19: odds ratio (OR) 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98–4.21
for severity and OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.67–5.39 for mortality, respectively. Risk of COVID-19 severity was
higher in patients having diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignancy,
cerebrovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Similarly, patients with diabetes, hypertension, chronic
liver disease, cerebrovascular disease and chronic kidney disease were at higher risk of mortality.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that cardiovascular disease has a negative effect on health status of
COVID-19 patients. However, large prevalence studies demonstrating the consequences of comorbid
cardiovascular disease are urgently needed to understand the extent of these concerning comorbidities.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Communication Profile of de Lange Syndrome
Authors: Pani Susmi , Dutta Palash , Saxena Vidushi , Ansari Asif Ekbal
Published: February 2021

Introduction
de Lange Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder which was initially described by Vrolik (1849) in a child with severe oligodactayly.
Case Report
A case of 2y2m/Female child came for speech and hearing evaluation. Audiological examination (BOA, DPOAE, ABR /BAER) and Speech-Language Evaluation, Psychological Examination were done by expertise clinicians. Previously, the child was diagnosed with de Lange Syndrome. Audiological evaluation diagnosed the child to have moderately severe hearing loss. After speech and language evaluation the child was detected with speech language disorder. After psychological evaluation the child was diagnosed with severe developmental delay and having low IQ range.
Discussion
de Lange syndrome is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder characterized by the sample number of characteristics which requires more rehabilitation options have to be planned. Unfortunately, there is dearth of literature that addresses the characteristics, assessment and intervention of individuals with de Lange syndrome.
A Study on Satisfaction Levels among Hearing Aid Users in Gangetic Plains
Authors: Prasad Bipin Kishore , Basu Abhijit , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Outcome assessments have emerged as an effective method for determining whether or not hearing aids are working to achieve positive results in rehabilitating the hearing impaired. Present study aims to assess the satisfaction level of clientele using hearing aids.
                 
Material and Methods
One hundred and fourteen (114) hearing handicapped patients, fitted with government-provided hearing aids at various clinics spread over Gangetic plains were included in this prospective observational study for outcome analysis. Follow up was done at 2 weeks and 45 days when they were further motivated to continue using the aid, comfortable fitting of mould was ensured along with minor trouble shooting. Four and half months later, their satisfaction level was assessed by analysing their response to Clientele Satisfaction Questionnaire.
 
Results
Fifty percent of the patients were motivated by their family members to try the aid whereas 50% were self motivated. Better communication with family members and immediate social circle was the common motive. Majority (85%) reported high level of satisfaction in terms of hearing benefit. Patients with severe degree of hearing loss were more satisfied and used the aid for longer duration in a day. Handling the aid was not as much of a problem as tolerating the noise produced by aid itself. Cost of battery was a concern for 80% of our clientele.
 
Conclusion
Proper fitting of hearing aid improved the quality of life of majority of our hearing handicapped clientele by overcoming their psychosocial problems.
Effect of Stimulus Rates in Chirp and Click Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Adults with Normal Hearing Sensitivity
Authors: Pani Susmi , Sahoo Archita , Chatterjee Indranil , Dutta Palash
Published: February 2021

Introduction
The effects of increasing stimulus repetition rate on the ABR using click stimuli have been investigated in normal and hearing impaired subjects with neurologic abnormality but there is limited study on the effect of stimulus repetition rate on ABR using chirp stimuli. The present study aims to compare the chirp evoked auditory brainstem responses with reference to changes in latency of peaks, interaural latency differences and interwave latency intervals as a function of rate and compare those responses with the  click evoked auditory brainstem responses, in normal hearing subjects.
Materials and Methods
Total 30 normally hearing adults were considered for this study. All participants were screened for normal hearing sensitivity upto 8 kHz in pure tone audiometry for middle ear pathology and central auditory processing disorder. Four parameters of ABR were considered to assess in this study including absolute latency, interwave latency intervals, latency-rate function and interaural latency. ABR was done based on the protocol of this study.
Results
Results revealed that there was a significant difference in the absolute latency and interwave intervals when the stimulus repetition rate was increased.
Conclusion
The latencies of wave III and V increases and waveform morphology changed as the stimulus repetition rate increased above 20/sec. The absolute latency of wave III and V was found to be shorter than clicks and can be used especially in newborn hearing evaluation assuming in shorter time window.
Tympanoplasty for Wet and Dry Perforation: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Maiti Amit Bikram , Sinha Rupam
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Two types of surgical procedures are performed for the treatment of Chronic otitis media (COM) mucosal disease, namely myringoplasty and tympanoplasty. In the present study, an objective, comparative evaluation between the outcomes of tympanoplasty, performed in the ‘wet ear’ and the ‘dry (non- discharging) ear’ has been undertaken.
Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted in a peripheral referral institute over a period of 37 months    wherein a total of 105 patients with tympanic membrane perforation were selected, amongst which 56 patients had moist ear and 49 patients had dry ear. All of the patients underwent tympanoplasty by underlay technique. Final results were analyzed 12 months post operatively.
Results
In the wet ear group amongst 56 patients, 51 patients had successful graft uptake (91.07%). In dry          ear group, among 49 patients, successful graft uptake was seen in 44 cases (89.79%). In the wet ear group 50 out of 56 patients had hearing improvement (89.28%). In dry ear group 44 out of 49 patients had hearing improvement (89.79%). Statistically significant results were obtained postoperatively in each group; however, inter group analyses showed no statistical significance.
Conclusion
Success rate of tympanoplasty does not depend upon the wet or dry state of middle ear at the time of surgery.
Efficacy of Auditory Verbal Therapy on Listening and Linguistic Skills of a Child with Bimodal Hearing
Authors: Mandal Joyanta Chandra , Chatterjee Indranil , Kumar Suman , Chakraborty Shilpi
Published: February 2021

Introduction
This study aimed to document the effect of Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT) with proper assessment and management in early intervention of a child with bimodal hearing. Bimodal Hearing is the use of a cochlear implant in one ear and a hearing aid in the opposite ear. Auditory Verbal Therapy is a highly specialist early intervention programme which equips parents with the skills to maximise their deaf child’s speech and language development.
Case Report
A male child aged 5 years 1 month had bilateral severe to profound hearing loss and speech-language problem. He was using cochlear implant in the right ear and BTE hearing aid in left ear (Bimodal hearing). Speech and language assessment revealed delayed semantic, syntax and pragmatic skills. Assessment of language development test showed poor receptive and expressive language score. The functional auditory performance indicator score indicated poor auditory function. Auditory verbal therapy hierarchy plan was used for treatment. Post 15 sessions after applying AVT the child’s listening and linguistic skills showed a great improvement.
Discussion
The scales used to measure the efficacy of AVT are found to be useful for the assessment and goal setting for intervention. Thus, appropriate quantification of various aspects of communication skills may describe its potential impact in this case under ADIP scheme.
Foreign Body Nose: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Gulati Ankit , Singhal Surinder K , Pol Shashikant A , Gupta Nitin
Published: February 2021

Introduction
This is a very interesting case of retained homicidal foreign body in the nose in contrast to most of the foreign bodies which are accidental.
Case Report
A 27 year old male presented to ENT emergency with alleged history of assault over face with sharp object following which patient developed nasal bleed. On examination vertical laceration of approximately 8 cm in length was present along left naso-orbital groove extending superiorly from medial canthus of left eye and inferiorly to nasal alar cartilage. On anterior rhinoscopy a metallic foreign body was seen in both nasal cavities, which appeared to be crossing from left to right side piercing the nasal septum. Foreign body was removed via open approach.
Discussion
Penetrating maxillofacial injury with foreign body impaction are less common. High index of suspicion is required in diagnosing these cases. Radiological intervention should be done to get idea of exact location and extent of foreign body. Lateral rhinotomy is a useful approach in removing these foreign bodies.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Outcomes of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with and without Silicone Stent
Authors: Prasad Bipin Kishore , Ghosh Krishna Kamal
Published: February 2021

Introduction
 
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy aims to establish a patent nasolacrimal fistula. Use of silicone stent is a preferred modification to achieve long term patency of neo-ostium, though it has been blamed for granulations, synechia and punctal erosion. Present study was done to  evaluate and compare the outcomes of Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with and without stent.
 Materials and Methods
40 patients of with chronic dacryocystitis and nasolacrimal duct blockage were selected for the study. Nasal endoscopy was done for suitability of surgical access and to detect any nasal pathology. Sac syringing was done to assess the site of blockage and Dacryoscintigraphy to confirm it. 20 patients in Group A underwent Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy without stent and remaining 20 in Group B with silicone stent. Success rates were determined by subjective relief from epiphora and by endoscopic visualization of rhinostomy opening, granulation tissues/ synechiae at rhinostomy site and by result of sac syringing.
 Results
In Group A, complete relief was obtained in 75% patients, significant relief in 10% and no relief in 15% patients thus recording overall success rate of 85%; whereas in Group B complete relief of symptom was obtained in 70% patients, significant relief in 10% and no symptom relief in 20% patients thus recording the overall success rate of 80%. Cases in Group B were also found to have persistent epiphora (17.5%), stenosis of ostium (25%), granulation (35%) and synechia (37.5%).
 Conclusion
Stenting does not significantly improve the success of Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy but is associated with more complications.
Local Bupivacaine Infiltration to Reduce Pain after Tonsillectomy: A Low Cost Approach
Authors: S Rakesh B , B Bharathi M , U Thanzeemunisa , De Kumar Shankar , Aggarwal Nitish
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide, with the major drawback of significant post operative pain.There is no consensus regarding topical application or local infiltration of anesthetics post operatively to reduce pain. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of bupivacaine infiltration in the tonsillar fossae after tonsillectomy.
Materials and Methods
A double-blinded clinical trial was performed on 75 patients undergoing tonsillectomy between January 2019 and January 2020. All patients underwent tonsillectomy under general anesthesia and were then randomly divided into 3 groups of 25 patients each. For Group I, a swab soaked in normal saline was applied to the tonsillar fossae for 5 minutes just before extubation. In Group II, a swab soaked in 5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was placed for 5 minutes, while in Group III, 5ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was infiltrated in the tonsillar fossae. The intensity of pain for each group was measured in the immediate post op period, at6 hours, 24 hours and 1 week by Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale.
Results
There was a significant difference in the mean level of pain between groups I and III in the immediate post op period, at 6 hours and 24 hours. Although the average pain scores of group III were better than those of group II, the results were significant only in the 6 hour post op period.
Conclusion
To reduce post-tonsillectomy pain,0.5% bupivacaine can be infiltrated into the tonsillar fossa.
PENERAPAN SISTEM ABSENSI ONLINE BERBASIS ANDROID (STUDI KASUS PADA KANTOR PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA JAWA BARAT)
Authors: Safuan Safuan , Rahman Deni
Published: February 2021

The attendance system is very important for assessing employee performance, especially in terms of employee discipline and responsibility. Android-based online attendance applications are starting to be frequently used by companies, because employee loyalty and performance are difficult to measure if the attendance system used by the company still uses a manual attendance system. The purpose of this study is to determine the Android-based online attendance system at the Regional Government Office of Majalengka Regency, West Java. The method used in this research uses a qualitative case study approach. The results showed that the online attendance system based on android can improve the discipline and responsibilities of civil servants in the Regional Government Office of Majalengka Regency, West Java.
Impact of Liquidity on Profitability: A Study on the Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Sujan Chandra , Bhowmik Probir Kumar , Famanna Mehbuba Nayan
Published: February 2021

This research aims to investigate the effect of banks' liquidity on its profitability;
with the ordinary course of business and in the medium term (10 years).
A quantitative analysis is performed on a statistical sample of forty (40) commercial
banks in Bangladesh. Secondary data is used to evaluate the performance of the last
ten years (2009-2018) of the annual report of the commercial banks in Bangladesh
with 206 bank years of data gathered to consider all Bangladeshi commercial banks.
Proposed variables are: LDR, DAR, CDR, LAR and CR as liquidity representation;
on the other hand, ROE is the profitability representation. Five hypotheses have
been established to assess the effect of liquidity on profitability. Following a
correlation and regression analysis, it is observed that LDR, DAR and CDR had a
substantial effect on the profitability measured as ROE, but LAR and CR proved
insignificant. Therefore, it can be concluded that, in general, the impact of liquidity
has a significant effect on the profitability in the commercial banking sector of
Bangladesh. By relying on this report; Bangladeshi banks will be best positioned to
keep equality between its liquidity and profitability.
Keywords: Liquidity, Profitability, ROE, Commercial Banks
Emotions and Exposure to Risk: the Influence of Positive and Negative Emotions on Portfolio Decisions
Authors: Filiz Ibrahim
Published: February 2021

This experimental study addresses the question of whether positive and negative emotions have an influence on diversification behaviour, and it reveals that only a small part of subjects take rational decisions and always choose the optimal portfolio. In addition, the study shows that the mood of subjects has an influence on their portfolio decisions and thus also on their exposure to risk. The average risk of the portfolio - measured against the standard deviation of the returns - is lower in the treatment entitled ‘neutral’ than in the treatments entitled ‘positive’ and ‘negative’.
JEL classification numbers: C91, D81, G11, G41.
Keywords: Emotions, Risk exposure, Laboratory experiment, Portfolio choice, Investment decisions, Investor rationality.
L’influence de la pensée socio-politique britannique des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles sur les « Lumières » orthodoxes en Russie
Authors: Khruleva Irina
Published: February 2021

L’adoption des idées occidentales en Russie fut un processus complexe, dépendant de leur adaptation au contexte social et politique russe. Le rapprochement entre la Russie et la culture britannique commença principalement après la visite en Angleterre, en 1698, de Pierre Ier. Bon connaisseur des auteurs anglais des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, Théophane Prokopovitch, l’un des principaux idéologues du tsar, se contente pourtant d’adopter le côté formel de leurs réflexions. Sa justification du pouvoir étatique absolu n’est pas sans rappeler le Léviathan de Thomas Hobbes. Dans ses réflexions sur l’égalité, une idée chère aux Lumières, le métropolite de Moscou, Platon II, recourt en fait à la théologie et aux principes moraux de l’orthodoxie. Les « Lumières orthodoxes » offrent ainsi une synthèse des cultures laïque et sacrée, de la théologie traditionnelle et des nouvelles pratiques intellectuelles occidentales.
L’imprimé, vecteur de diffusion du jardin paysager vers l’est de l’Europe
Authors: Madl Claire
Published: February 2021

Le goût pour les jardins anglais, qui se répand en Europe à partir de la Grande-Bretagne dès les années 1760, atteint aussi l’Europe centrale et les pays de la monarchie des Habsbourg. Par l’analyse des ouvrages dont disposaient ceux qui ont fait construire des jardins paysagers en Europe centrale et dont nous possédons la bibliothèque, nous observons les modalités des transmissions des modèles de jardins propres à l’imprimé. Les livres nous permettent de saisir les divers contextes de réception de la littérature sur les jardins et la façon dont le jardin s’est défini comme un champ du savoir. Si peu de livres anglais se trouvent dans les bibliothèques, celles-ci révèlent en revanche le rôle de la France comme intermédiaire et la force commerciale des éditeurs de Saxe. Le livre, enfin, permet de saisir la plasticité des usages sociaux qui pouvaient être faits des jardins et des livres qui les concernaient : instruments de renommée, ils sont aussi les outils de la construction d’un milieu professionnel, puis un instrument efficace de diffusion d’une pratique culturelle hors d’une élite restreinte.
Le « Troubadour prisonnier » et la noblesse de Courlande : le dialogue culturel autour du livre français
Authors: Kandakou Dzianis
Published: February 2021

L’article propose une analyse d’un recueil manuscrit de poèmes rédigé par un officier français inconnu, prisonnier dans le gouvernement de Courlande après la guerre de 1812. Les poésies de circonstance relèvent du style troubadour, entré à la mode au début du XIXe siècle. Les textes du recueil témoignent de l’engagement du prisonnier dans la sociabilité locale et ses bons contacts avec les élites de la région. La compréhension entre l’auteur et ses hôtes repose sur l’intérêt commun pour le livre, la littérature française et la maîtrise des normes de sociabilité conçues par la culture aristocratique française et adoptées dans l’Empire de Russie au tournant du XIXe siècle. À la suite du dialogue poétique, surgit une identité de groupe particulière. Transmise dans la langue internationale de l’Europe, cette identité ne contredit pas les sentiments patriotiques, ni ne gêne l’expression du caractère national.
Conseils sur la direction des salles d’asile, l’œuvre de Marie Pape-Carpantier
Authors: Lenderová Milena
Published: February 2021

L’article est centré sur l’éducation préscolaire en Bohême au XIXe siècle, surtout pendant sa seconde moitié. On y analyse les structures éducatives, leur développement et les influences étrangères qu’elles ont subies, surtout celles qui viennent d’Allemagne et de France. L’accent est mis sur la correspondance entre Marie Riegrová, fondatrice des écoles maternelles à Prague, et Marie Pape-Carpantier, personnage important de l´éducation préscolaire en France. La contribution s’efforce d’expliquer les stratégies utilisées pour faire valoir les intérêts nationaux tchèques dans l’éducation des petits enfants, de même qu’elle s’attache à décrire les modèles offerts dans les publications de M. Pape-Carpantier. Elle s’intéresse en premier lieu à la traduction d’une œuvre de la pédagogue, Conseils sur la direction des salles d’asiles en tchèque. Cette traduction a été réalisée par une jeune femme tchèque, ancienne participante aux cours parisiens de Marie Pape-Carpantier. Son impact semble, toutefois, avoir été assez restreint sur le milieu éducatif en Bohême.
Le Livre noir d’Ilya Ehrenbourg et de Vassili Grossman en Russie et en Occident : au cœur des enjeux liés à la mémoire de la Shoah
Authors: Konkka Olga
Published: February 2021

L’un des objectifs de l’article consiste à offrir une synthèse de l’histoire du Livre noir, ouvrage sur l’extermination des juifs soviétiques par les nazis, dirigé par Ilya Ehrenbourg et Vassili Grossman. Cette synthèse inclut des éditions moins connues ou plus récentes, comme l’édition russe de 2015, chez AST Corpus. L’histoire du Livre noir est abordée sous trois angles : les rapports entre l’État et les juifs en URSS, les rapports entre l’URSS et l’Occident, et, enfin, les rapports entre la politique historique soviétique et la mémoire du génocide des juifs. Ces trois dimensions ont déterminé l’histoire complexe et tourmentée de ce texte, qui n’a jamais pu être publié en Union Soviétique. Cependant, cette analyse vise surtout à offrir, à travers l’histoire du Livre noir, une réflexion sur la place de la mémoire de la Shoah en URSS et dans la Russie contemporaine.
Puritanisme et politique en Angleterre dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle
Authors: Poussou Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2021

Le terme de puritain ne désigne pas seulement une attitude, un comportement : il vient d’une situation historique et correspond à la volonté d’une partie importante des protestants anglais de la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle et de la première moitié du XVIIe que l’Église « établie » par Élisabeth Ire devienne réellement calviniste. Les puritains veulent en outre que chacun observe une discipline morale, les « saints » en donnant eux-mêmes l’exemple. Ni la reine ni son successeur Jacques Ier ne partageaient leurs idées ; les relations furent donc difficiles mais elles tournèrent à l’affrontement lorsqu’à partir de 1625 régna Charles Ier, partisan de l’arminianisme, mouvement protestant qui tient à la hiérarchie ecclésiastique et rejette la prédestination. Jusqu’en 1640 le roi et Laud, archevêque de Canterbury, muselèrent les puritains mais les erreurs de leur politique religieuse avec l’Écosse amenèrent un conflit qui en 1640 obligea le roi à appeler deux parlements successifs. Celui qui se réunit le 3 novembre 1640 fut sous domination puritaine. Il priva le roi de ses pouvoirs et procéda à une véritable révolution qui déboucha sur une guerre civile. Le camp parlementaire, dont les puritains constituaient la force principale, surtout sur le plan militaire, l’emporta. Mais, une fois au pouvoir et le roi exécuté (janvier 1649), ils ne purent s’accorder sur de nouvelles structures religieuses ni fonder un nouveau régime. Parallèlement, la disparition en 1640 de la censure et l’effondrement du rôle de l’Église d’Angleterre permirent la multiplication des sectes auxquelles adhérèrent de nombreux puritains. C’est ainsi que de réformateurs de l’Église établie ils devinrent les adhérents de nouvelles églises. La victoire des puritains avait ainsi eu pour conséquence qu’ils étaient devenus des Dissidents.
Le voyage immobile. L’Europe centrale et orientale dans les bibliothèques des élites françaises au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Suire Éric
Published: February 2021

Les usages de la bibliophilie se codifient au XVIIIe siècle. La recherche d’ouvrages rares passe désormais par l’utilisation de catalogues, généralement rédigés par des libraires, consacrés à des bibliothèques prestigieuses destinées à la vente. La consultation de 28 catalogues, imprimés entre 1701 et 1799, a fourni la matière de cet article. Quelle était la place de l’Europe centrale et orientale dans les cabinets des élites laïques françaises du temps ? Les 364 titres retrouvés représentent a priori peu de chose au regard des 97 345 entrées recensées ! Les orientations chronologiques et thématiques (voyage, géographie, histoire, politique) qu’ils dessinent révèlent néanmoins une curiosité indéniable. Celle-ci se décline de manière inégale en fonction des trois pays retenus dans l’étude : Hongrie, Pologne et Russie.
De la parole à l’image, et retour
Authors: Bœspflug François
Published: February 2021

Théologien et chercheur au long cours ès-images, l’auteur tente d’abord de dire comment il perçoit les rapports complexes et interactifs entre le monde de l’image et celui de la parole, deux mondes essentiels à l’humanité de l’homme, aussi vastes et créatifs l’un que l’autre, faits pour se rencontrer et s’entre-stimuler, mais exposés sans cesse au risque de domination ou d’asservissement de l’un par l’autre. Cette méditation débouche sur l’évocation de certains des problèmes que ces deux mondes ont dû affronter dans le monde chrétien d’hier ou d’aujourd’hui, tel celui de l’embrigadement de l’image par la prédication ou la catéchèse, ou à l’inverse l’adulation de certaines œuvres d’art. L’article passe en revue pour finir quelques réalisations et courants artistiques contemporains où se cherche l’avenir de l’art chrétien.
Risque et existence chez Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Bord Jérôme
Published: February 2021

La question du risque transparaît dans toute l’œuvre de Kierkegaard. En plus de lui apporter dynamisme et profondeur, elle permet au penseur danois d’articuler philosophie de l’existence et philosophie de la foi. Précisément, le risque chrétien, en tant que risque « intellectuel » et « existentiel », oriente l’individu vers soi-même, et plus exactement, vers ce paradigme de l’identité qu’est le Christ en tant qu’homme-Dieu. Nous nous proposons donc ici d’analyser cette notion éminemment kierkegaardienne en insistant notamment sur deux modalités du risque : le risque comme catégorie « polémique », vis-à-vis de la chrétienté en tant qu’avatar de la mondanité, et le risque comme catégorie « théologico-existentielle », en ceci qu’il détermine, positivement ou négativement, l’existence de l’individu.
L’éthique en temps de catastrophe
Authors: Gillouard Pierre
Published: February 2021

L’article entend répondre à la question suivante : en quoi le catastrophisme dans la pensée écologique peut-il inciter à agir afin de préserver au mieux les conditions d’habitabilité de la Terre ? Dans cette perspective, sont analysées les pensées catastrophistes de Hans Jonas, Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Pierre-Henri Castel, et des collapsologues, avec en filigrane celles de Günther Anders et de Simone Weil. Pour répondre, il convient de prêter attention à la temporalité dans laquelle ils (ou elle) pensent la catastrophe (est-elle à venir ou déjà en cours ?) et à l’inscription ontologique de la catastrophe dans cette temporalité (est-elle inéluctable ou évitable ?). La conclusion est la suivante : la perspective de la catastrophe est effectivement mobilisatrice, pour celles et ceux qui se reconnaissent un devoir d’agir, quand la catastrophe est pensée comme inéluctable et déjà en cours, portant en germe une fin inévitable mais dont le contenu demeure incertain : la disparition de la vie ou le dépassement du facteur déterminant de la catastrophe, la Technique.
L’impératif de l’indicatif
Authors: Valinho Gomes Pedro
Published: February 2021

Cet article propose un itinéraire de réflexion sur les fondements de l’éthique théologique en articulant trois contributions de Karl Barth à ce domaine : la définition de l’éthique comme l’impératif de l’indicatif qu’est la dogmatique, voire l’inséparabilité entre éthique et dogmatique qui place l’éthique à l’écoute de la révélation ; l’articulation d’un nexus christologique entre les catégories d’obéissance et de liberté comme « autodétermination déterminée » ; le débat sur l’Évangile et la Loi, comme révélation de l’histoire de la grâce à partir de laquelle se déploie la grammaire d’une existence chrétienne. Cet itinéraire est entrecoupé par trois passages bibliques qui sont alignés sur les contributions de Barth : la vocation d’Abraham ; l’agonie de Jésus à Gethsémani ; la question posée à Jésus sur le bien qu’il faut faire pour entrer dans la vie éternelle. Nous suggérons que cet itinéraire biblique et barthien souligne qu’une éthique théologiquement construite conflue vers la christologie.
FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENCY OF FIVE DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) FRUIT VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN KHAIRPUR MIR’S
Authors: Mahar Z. A. , Shar G. Q. , Shaikh A. R.
Published: February 2021

The fruit of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is well-known for its several health blessings and dietary values and its wonderful supply of phenolics compounds and holds relatively exquisite antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the free radical scavenging efficiency of the five-date types Aseel, Kupro, Karbala Wari, Asul Khurmo and Gajar Wari cultivated in district Khairpur Mir’s. These date varieties were screened with the help of DPPH assay to evaluate their free radical scavenging efficiency in different solvents. From the statistics, it turned into scrutinize that each extract has interesting antioxidant functionality against free radicals. The methanolic extract has more potential to incline the free radicals.  It was concluded that the date variety Asul Khumro is shown excellent activity because it possesses lowest IC50 value 17.823µg/mL, followed by Gajar Wari 20.679 µg/mL in methanolic solution while Kupro 20.937µg/mL in Methanol + Water solution then relaxation of different date varieties at their mature Tamar level. It is concluded from the results that all dates fruit varieties at their final mature stage holds higher antioxidant potency and indicated that these date fruits have natural antioxidants.
EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND DATES PLANTING ON SPRING MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN
Authors: Qandeel M. , Jabbar A. , Haider F. U. , Virk A. L. , Ain N. U.
Published: February 2021

Maize is a widely grown cereal crop worldwide, butthe heat stress and delayed sowing of maize are major constraints that result in declining the maize productivity.Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the growth promoting effect of different growth regulators i.e., salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and humic acid at multiple sowing times in  spring maize. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having split-plot arrangement with three replications having plot size of 6m × 2.25m.The yield contributing agronomic parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically by using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique and treatment means were contrasted by Least significance difference having 5% probability test. Results revealed that early and delayed sowing of maize tended to decline the maize productivity and grain yield. Maximum yield and yield contributing traits were observed in S1 (recommended sowing, i.e., 20-02-2017). The plant growth regulators significantly influenced the productivity of maize and minimized heat stress. The interaction between sowing dates and plant growth regulators were also significant. Among plant growth regulators, the foliar application of methyl jasmonate resulted to produce maximum biological, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, which were 23.04, 36.12, 14.06 and 7.87%, respectively higher than the control.The study reported that delayed sowing of maize declined the production of maize due to the gradual rise of temperature in March and plant growth regulators had the potential to minimize the heat stress and productivity of maize.