bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТРИБОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК РАБОЧИХ ОРГАНОВ ВИНТОВОГО НАСОСА
Authors: Тимашев Эдуард Олегович , Латыпов Булат Маратович , Уразаков Камил Рахматуллович
Published: June 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью повышения точности расчетов возникающих крутящих нагрузок, что позволит обеспечить условия для уточнения алгоритмов диагностики и прогнозирования ресурса винтовых насосных установок со штанговым и погружным приводом. Винтовые насосные установки используются в скважинных условиях, характеризующихся высокой вязкостью откачиваемой пластовой жидкости и высоким содержанием механических примесей в ней (коэффициент взвешенных частиц более 500 мг/л). Опыт эксплуатации винтовых насосных установок показывает, что надежность насосных установок зависит от состояния рабочих органов. В процессе эксплуатации эластомер статора набухает, что приводит к росту потерь на трение или к разрушению эластомера. Для повышения эффективности подбора, расчета и диагностики винтовых насосных установок важно понимание процессов, происходящих при трении металлического ротора по эластомеру статора в условиях смазки пластовой жидкостью. Цель исследования заключается в определении зависимости коэффициента трения пары рабочих органов винтового насоса от числа Зоммерфельда для эластомерного материала статора винтового насоса, построении участка кривой Штрибека, характерной для условий работы погружных винтовых насосных установок, и определении характерных режимов трения материала резина–сталь. Методы: экспериментальные исследования на триботехнической установке ИИ-5018 пар металл–эластомер в условиях сухого трения и при различных смазочных средах; статистическая обработка результатов экспериментов. Результаты. Установлена зависимость коэффициента трения от числа Зоммерфельда для пары трения ротор–статор винтового насоса. Определены режимы трения, характерные для условий эксплуатации винтовых насосных установок.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ БУРОВЫХ РАСТВОРОВ С НАНОДОБАВКАМИ
Authors: Давуди Шадфар , Еремян Грачик Араикович , Степико Артем Вадимович , Рукавишников Валерий Сергеевич , Минаев Константин Мадестович
Published: June 2021

Актуальность исследования связана с необходимостью увеличения успешности буровых работ за счёт применения высокоэффективных и экономически рентабельных добавок для создания буровых растворов с улучшенными свойствами. В настоящее время различные наночастицы, благодаря их уникальным физическим свойствам, активно используются во многих отраслях промышленности. За счёт своей высокой удельной поверхности и размера наноматериалы являются хорошими кандидатами для улучшения фильтрационных и реологических свойств бурового раствора. Однако при исследовании возможности применения наноматериалов в качестве добавки к буровому раствору необходимо учитывать их стоимость как один из наиболее важных факторов. Цель: исследовать влияние наноразмерного диоксида кремния и графена на фильтрационные и реологические свойства бурового раствора в стандартных и пластовых условиях; оценить фактическую стоимость бурового раствора с добавлением наночастиц; провести сравнительный анализ технических и экономических характеристик исследуемых растворов с добавлением наноматериалов и промышленного бурового раствора. Объект: буровые растворы на водной основе. Методы: лабораторные исследования фильтрационных и реологических свойств буровых растворов на водной основе. Результаты. Полученные результаты демонстрируют улучшение реологических и фильтрационных свойств бурового раствора при добавлении наноматериалов. С увеличением концентрации наночастиц происходит постепенное снижение водоотдачи. Образец с самой высокой концентрацией наноразмерного диоксида кремния по сравнению с базовой жидкостью показал уменьшение объема фильтрата в стандартных и пластовых условиях на 72,2 и 61,1 %, соответственно, относительно промышленного бурового раствора с добавлением полианионной низковязкой целлюлозы снижение составило 34,1 и 27,3 %. Исследуемые растворы с добавлением графена демонстрируют сравнимую реологию, но имеют большие объемы потерь жидкости в сравнении с промышленным раствором с полианионной целлюлозой низкой вязкости. Проведенная экономическая оценка показывает, что добавление наноматериалов к буровому раствору даже в минимальных концентрациях приводит к чрезвычайному увеличению его фактической стоимости. Стоимость буровых растворов с наноразмерным диоксидом кремния или графеном в два–три раза выше, чем у базового и промышленного бурового раствора с полианионной целлюлозой низкой вязкости, что делает их использование экономически нецелесообразным.
COMPARATIVE BODY ANALYSIS OF SHEIKH LOTFOLLAH MOSQUE IN ISFA-HAN AND AHMED MOSQUE IN ISTANBUL
Authors: Vaziri Alireza Haj , Goodarzparvari Parnaz , Baniardalan Ismail
Published: June 2021

A mosque is a manifestation in which religion meets with art, demonstrating the most distinctive features of this art. Among the structural analysis approaches in architectural science, body analysis is critical, especially while the conceptual characteristics are considered. The positioning of the mosque building bodies and their relation to each other is also essential. The study aims to realize the geometry of motifs in Islamic architecture contemplated in many scientific and artistic disciplines from the perspective of body approach and understand the pattern on which this creative adaptation is made. In the Safavid era and the Ottoman Empire, Iran, due to its religious approaches, political rivalries, and European influence, saw new relations, and their cultural and artistic influences became tight. To understand the structural features of the architecture of the Safavid and Ottoman era, Sheikh Lotfollah and Sultan Ahmad mosques were studied (as a case study), considering their body analysis as a route to investigate the application of concepts and elements of Islamic architecture, as well as considering the architectural practices of the region and geographical location. Obtained results provided the relationship of the bodies and spaces to each other. Despite many differences, there are some distinct similarities in the body of the studied mosques due to the mystery of the motifs that unite the whole building in Islamic buildings. There is a display of homogeneity and dominance of decoration over the form. The one behind the decoration is in line with Islamic concepts and values. It is a message of unity and solidarity.
MENARA KUDUS: IS IT A MINARET OR A TEMPLE? A STUDY OF ARCHITECTURAL ACCULTURATION
Authors: Ashadi Ashadi
Published: June 2021

Menara Kudus is a minaret building property of an old mosque in Kudus city, Indonesia. The shape of the minaret building is unique and different from the shape of the mosque minarets in general, both in Indonesia and in the Islamic world; The shape of the building is more similar to a Hindu / Buddhist temple building in Java. This paper aims to find answers to questions raised by some scientists about the status of the Menara Kudus building; Is it a temple building that has changed its function, or is it a mosque minaret building. How is the architectural acculturation of the Menara Kudus building? The method used was comparative descriptive to describe the Menara Kudus, the Hindu / Buddhist temples, and the minaret of the old mosque. The comparative method compares the Menara Kudus building with the temple and the mosque minaret to get similarities and differences. The result is that the Menara Kudus is thought to be a temple building that has changed its function. There has been architectural acculturation, a mixture of local and non-local elements.
Psikotik Bozukluklara Psikodinamik Bakış ve Sanatın Psikotik Hastalarla Psikoterapideki İşlevi
Authors: SARANDÖL Aslı
Published: June 2021

Şizofreni ve diğer psikotik bozukların anlaşılmasında birçok model geliştirilmiştir. Bu derlemede psikotik bozuklukları açıklamaya çalışan psikanalitik kuramlara değinilecek, özellikle psikotik kendilik gelişimi hakkında kuramsal bilgi aktarılacaktır. Bu kuramsal çerçevede psikotik hastalarla psikoterapide dikkat edilecek unsurlar ve sanatın psikoterapide kullanılmasının kazanımları üzerinde durulacaktır. Sosyal yaşama uyumu zorlayan hastalık tablolarında hastanın zihninde ne olup bittiğini anlamak oldukça güçtür. Hasta, kültüre yabancılaşma ve sosyal bağlamda kendine yer açmada engeller yaşamaktadır. Tedavide sanat unsurları ile çalışmak simge öncesi yapıların ve ilişkilerin evrimi için uygun bir ortam işlevi görür, somut ve simgesel işlevsellik arasında bir ara-alan oluşturur. Sanat unsurları bilinç dışındaki malzemeyi bilinç öncesine taşır. Terapist ve hasta arasında üçüncü unsur (resim, kil, müzik vb.) başka türlü ifade edilemeyen düşünce ve duyguların dışsallaştırılmasına yardımcı olur. Sanatla psikoterapi ortamının talepkar olmaması da psikotik hastayla çalışırken olumlu bir katkı sağlayabilmektedir. Bu derlemede sanatla psikoterapinin işleyişi psikotik hastalarla yapılan sanatla psikoterapi çalışmalarından olgu örnekleri ile tartışılacaktır.
Conversatorio «Covid-19 y las pandemias en la historia»
Authors: Martínez Martín Abel Fernando , Cucunuba Zulma Milena
Published: June 2021

Segundo conversatorio de los autores transmitido a través del canal de YouTube- Edumedios UPTC, de las redes sociales de la UPTC y por las ondas hertzianas de UPTC radio 104.1, el pandémico 18 de mayo de 2020. https://www.facebook.com/uptcradio/videos/conversatorio-covid-19-y-las-pandemias-en-la-historia-ca%C3%ADtulo-ii/688016188462376/, y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVMt59BZODU.
Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Bacteria (Campylobacter and E. coli): A Food Safety Issue and Public Health Hazard
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Mohamed-Yousif
Published: June 2021

Campylobacter and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are prominent bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in the developing countries and the emergence of antibiotic resistance of these bacteria has been widely reported to be on the increase, particularly because of the increase in the number of resistant Campylobacter and E. coli isolated from human infections. The widespread use of antimicrobial drugs for therapeutic, prophylactic, and preventive purposes in modern food animal husbandry is a great concern in terms of the development of antibiotic resistance in many bacteria, and, therefore, a potential public health threat. This review simply describes the occurrence, spreading and public health significance of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter and E. coli.
Gender and demographic features of the labor market of the Republic of Tuva: trends and prospects
Authors: Natsak Organa
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the gender and demographic features of the labor market of the Republic of Tuva: the structure and rate of employment and unemployment in gender dimension and historic retrospect covering the period of Tuva People's Republic (1921-1944), the Soviet and post-Soviet stages of history. On the basis of statistical data it is shown that from 1945 began predominance of female population in the demographic structure of the republic that is characteristic of modern Tuva. The author makes an attempt to give a historic explanation of this turn. The article shows changes in the ratio of male to female population of Tuva from 1931 to 2020 using various statistic sources and data. In the features of the gender profile of the regional labor market, the author identifies demographic, socio-cultural and economic factors determining it, in particular, the reasons for withdrawal of men from the economically active population in certain age groups. The article substantiates the thesis that, despite the steady trend of reducing unemployment in the republic in 2017, 2018, 2019, the issue of male employment remains acute. It also shows the level of demographic burden on the working-age population of the Republic of Tuva connected with the specifics of reproductive behavior of the population of the republic, namely, high birth rates, as well as the emerging trend of increasing the proportion of people over the working age due to the positive dynamics of increasing life expectancy in the republic.
Quality of life and human potential in the concepts of sustainable and human development (part 1)
Authors: Fedotov Artem
Published: June 2021

Human potential and quality of life are the most important socio-economic categories. On the one hand, development of society is connected with improving the quality of life of population and realizing its human potential. On the other hand, it is human potential that is currently the main driving force contributing to economic growth, scientific and technological progress and cultural development of the country. Despite this, there is still no clear definition and unified measurement system for these categories. Abroad, there is no concept of human potential at all, although many concepts appeal to this very category. This review article attempts to define these complex social categories and clearly distinguish them. In the course of the work there were analyzed the chronology of the development of these concepts, their evolution from other related concepts and their interpretation by modern concepts. The article shows the fundamental differences between human potential and quality of life that lie in different research objects. If quality of life mainly reflects the external conditions of life, then human potential has as an object of study the qualitative characteristics of population and therefore can be called the quality of population by analogy with the definition of the quality of life. The author also gave an overview of two modern concepts of sustainable and human development, identified their main principles, goals and objectives, and compared them with each other. As a result, it was concluded that the two concepts are almost identical and interchangeable. Besides, they are both the concepts of quality of life improvement, their main goal is to create favorable external conditions, in which a person can freely develop and realize his aspirations and needs.
The Anti-Cult Discourse of Print Media: Problematization of the Role of the Anti-Cult Movement
Authors: Martinovich Vladimir
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to analyzing the anti-cult discourse in the Republic of Belarus in 1996–2000. The print media and the anti-cult movement are selected as objects of research because of their significant role in this discourse. The main features when it comes to covering the topic of new religious movements by both actors are investigated by method of standardized survey of texts on a sample of 521 anti-cult articles from 57 Belarusian newspapers. The range of variability of religious organizations identified as new religious movements is revealed, and their distribution by type of structure is analyzed. The results are compared to the estimated population universe of new religions of the Republic of Belarus. The frequency of their mentions is established, as well as a group of organizations that are criticized by actors, but have never operated in the country. The range of variability and frequency of use of special terminology is disclosed. The influence of the anti-cult discourse on changes in the evaluative connotations of special terms is analyzed. Different facts from the history and modern practice of the anti-cult movement are examined, all of which are particularly important in terms of understanding the specifics of its representatives’ attitudes towards non-specialized print media. The ambivalent nature of the coverage of the topic of new religions in the press and its influence on the anti-cult movement is noted. Special care is taken defining the place and role of print media and the anti-cult movement in the complex system of society’s anti-cult discourse. Based on the data obtained, the dominant theory of the unilateral influence of the anti-cult movement on print media is criticized. An alternative hypothesis on the complex genesis of anti-cult discourse is proposed, in which the specifics of its main features as perceived by each subject are influenced by many different factors. Two methodological problems related to searching for and recording materials relevant for analyzing this discourse and verifying this theory are identified.
A hazai önkormányzati gazdálkodás fenntarthatósága
Authors: Bethlendi András , Lentner Csaba , Nagy László
Published: June 2021

A hazai önkormányzati modellben a gazdálkodás központilag erősen leszabályozott. Ennek ellenére jelentős különbségeket találunk az önkormányzatok hosszú távú fenntarthatósága terén. A szerzők négy kutatási kérdésre keresik a választ. Górcső alá veszik a fenntarthatóság, a puha költségvetési korlát problémáját, a hasonló karakterisztikájú önkormányzati csoportok beazonosíthatóságát, valamint azt, hogy eltérő-e a csökkenő népességű önkormányzatok gazdálkodása. Két önkormányzati típus (klaszter) dominálja a hálózatot: 1. a konzervatív gazdálkodású, relatíve vagyonos kistelepülésen működő önkormányzatok, melyek az erősen kötött önkormányzati gazdálkodási rendszer nélkül is a fenntartható gazdálkodásra törekednek; 2. a szigorú rendszer ellenére gyenge gazdálkodást folytató, eszközfelélő önkormányzatok, melyek nem részesülnek központi felhalmozási támogatásban. A harmadik – közepes gazdálkodási és gazdasági jellemzőjű – klaszter elemszáma jelentősen csökkent a két domináns klaszterrel szemben. Megfigyelhető még további két beruházásvezérelt csoport, ahol a beruházás lecsengésével az önkormányzatok többsége szintén beolvad a két domináns csoportba. A szerzők fontos megállapításnak tartják, hogy a csökkenő lakosságszám önmagában nem magyarázza az önkormányzatok gazdálkodása közötti különbségeket.
Estudos rurais
Authors: Loera Nashieli Rangel
Published: June 2021

Recentemente os estudiosos das chamadas sociedades rurais temos sido testemunhas da emergência de novas configurações políticas, sociais e econômicas no campo brasileiro. Novos atores, no âmbito rural, entram em cena vivenciando novas relações entre eles, o mercado, o Estado e a sociedade abrangente.
DETERMINANTS OF INDONESIA’S RESIDENCE TRAVELING ABROAD
Authors: Tantowi Akhmad
Published: June 2021

The study aims to identify the economic variables affecting Indonesia’s residence to travel abroad. Knowledge of the variables of Indonesia’s residence to travel abroad is very important because this is one of the sources of foreign exchange leakage. The ARDL approach will be used with time series data for the period 1992-2019. The impact of changes in income, relative prices for Malaysian tourism, and flight availability will be estimated and tested. Two dummy variables are also provided to represent the economic crisis in 1997-1998 and the global financial crisis in 2008. One of the important findings of this study is the significance of the income variable with more than one elasticity, which shows the luxury nature of tourism travel. The relative price of tourism also affects Indonesians to travel abroad in the long- and short-run. The economic crisis of 1997-1998 led to a decrease in Indonesians traveling abroad.
Community Based Pasung Release on Schizophrenia
Authors: Agustini Titik Dyah , Karimah Azimatul , Sajogo Ivana
Published: June 2021

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, persistent, chronic, easy to relapse. Schizophrenics at risk of becoming victims of pasung. Confinement is any form of limitation of movement of people with mental illness by families and/or communities. The government has launched the program to end pasung, but the incidence of pasung in the community is still quite high. Liberation of community-based pasung includes prevention of pasung, handling of pasung and rehabilitation of post-pasung. The method of community-based pasung release at the rehabilitation stage that is widely used is Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) and has been proven to reduce recurrence and hospitalization rates in schizophrenics so as to reduce the incidence of pasung and prevent re-pasung.
Right Cerebellar Tuberculosis with Cranial Nerve Palsy in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient
Authors: Yandi I Komang Rusgi , Marhana Isnin Anang
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health issue. The most devastating clinical manifestations of TB is Central nervous system (CNS) TB. CNS TB is found approximately in 1% of all patients with active TB, and cerebellar TB is rarely reported. CNS TB can present as meningitis, arachnoiditis, tuberculomas, or the uncommon forms of tuberculous subdural empyema and brain abscess.Case: A 23-year-old patient was reported in October 2018 with signs and symptoms of 2-month history of vertigo, headache, vomiting, weakness, fever, blurred vision, lingual palsy, dysmetria, and decrease of consciousness. The patient had a few months of history of cough, contact with a TB patient, his father, and loss of body weight. On admission, the patient had fever (38.50 C) and Glasgow coma score of 13.Discussion:  CNS TB can occur in an immunocompromised patient with malnutrition, whether a child or young adult. The patient in this case had risk factors because he is a young adult and had contact with a patient of TB, his father. Based on epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, radiological findings, and the result of AFB-stained sputum, the patient was diagnosed with right cerebellar TB and PTB.Conclusion: The high morbidity and mortality characteristics of CNS TB are very important to note, thus the prompt diagnosis and therapy should be done. The specific therapy of ATD combined with surgery seems to provide a good result. The clinical and radiological findings were used as the evaluation of the medication.
Belâgat İlminde Tıbâk (Tezat) Sanatı: Mâide Sûresi Örneği
Authors: ÇELİK Şerif Ahmet , YAŞAR Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, birçok ilmin kaynağı olduğu gibi belâgat ilminin de temel kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada, belâgat ilminin önemli konularından biri olan “Tıbâk (Tezat)” sanatı ele alınmıştır. Tıbâk sanatının belâgat ilmi içinde ayrı bir önemi vardır. Çünkü bu sanat, muhalif lafızların her iki tarafını da kullanıp, mananın daha iyi anlaşılmasını ve zihinde kalıcı olmasını sağlar. Olaylara farklı açılardan bakabilmeye yardımcı olur. Bu da anlama genişlik kazandırır ve muhatap üzerinde heyecan uyandırır. Asıl kastedilen manaya vurgu yapar. Her ne kadar belâgat kitaplarında “manayı güzelleştiren sanatlar” arasında zikredilse de lafza da ayrı bir güzellik verir. Ayrıca bu sanatın, birçok edebî sanatla da yakın ilişkisi vardır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle belâgat ilmi hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve onun alt disiplinleri “İlm-i Meânî”, “İlm-i Beyân” ve “İlm-i Bedî'” kısaca tanıtılmıştır. Daha sonra ilm-i bedî'in “muhassinât-i ma‘neviyye” (manayı güzelleştiren sanatlar) kısmında yer alan “tıbâk”(tezat) sanatı, genel hatlarıyla tanıtılmış, bölümleri izah edilmiş, her bir bölümü âyet-i kerîme ve şiirlerle örneklendirilmiştir. Ayrıca tıbâk sanatının önemine de vurgu yapılmıştır. Yine Mâide sûresinde tıbâk sanatı bulunan âyet-i kerîmeler tespit edilmiş ve bu sanatın manaya olan etkilerine temas edilmiştir.
Büveyhîler Döneminde İmâmiyye-Mutezile İlişkisi
Authors: SONAY Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Büveyhîler dönemi (320-454/932-1062), İmâmiyye-Mu‘tezile yakınlaşmasının zirveye ulaşmasına tanık olmuştur. Bunun başlıca sebepleri arasında rasyonel düşüncenin revaç bulması, sosyo-politik ve sosyo-kültürel şartlar, Mu‘tezile kökenli İmâmî âlimlerin etkisi ve Mu‘tezile’nin Ehl-i Sünnet tarafından dışlanmasını saymak mümkündür. Bu dönemde Büveyhîler öncesi dönemden farklı olarak Usûlî İmâmiyye üzerindeki Mu‘tezilî etki daha derin ve kalıcı olmuştur. Usûlîler birçok konuda Mu‘tezile’den etkilenseler de imamet, bedâ, rec’at, takiyye gibi İmâmiyye’ye ana rengini veren konulardaki kadim görüşlerini savunmaya devam etmişler hatta bunları aklî yöntemlerle desteklemişlerdir. Rasyonel kelâma karşı tavrıyla bilinen Ahbârî İmâmîler de Usûlîler kadar olmamakla birlikte Mu‘tezilî etkiden nasiplerini almışlardır. Mu‘tezile üzerindeki İmâmiyye etkisi ise imamet bahsinin bir alt başlığı olan tafdil meselesiyle sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu makalede İmâmiyye-Mu‘tezile ilişkisinin Büveyhîler dönemindeki durumunu şahıslar üzerinden ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede öncelikle dönemin siyasî ve sosyo-kültürel yapısı tasvir edilmiştir. Daha sonra İmâmiyye’ye meyleden Mu‘tezilîler, İmâmiyye’ye etki eden Mu‘tezilîler ve Mu‘tezile’den etkilenen İmâmîler incelenmiştir. Son olarak da İmâmiyye-Mu‘tezile ilişkisinin fikrî çerçevesi genel hatlarıyla çizilmeye çalışılmıştır. İlişkinin yüksek hassâsiyetle tespit edilebilmesi için İmâmiyye’deki Ahbâriyye-Usûliyye ve Mu‘tezile’deki Basra-Bağdat kolları arasındaki ayrışmalar göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Metot olarak objektiflik ve mezhepler üstü bakış açısı esas alınmış, fikirler ve olaylar değerlendirilirken fikir-hâdise irtibatının kurulmasına gayret edilmiştir.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms in persons involved in road accidents and paramedics
Authors: Parobkiewicz Aleksandra , Ziarko Michał , Krawczyk Julia , Jasielska Jagna
Published: June 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among persons involved in road accidents and paramedics. Little is known about similarity or difference of PTSD symptoms between these two groups involved in accident in voluntary and involuntary way. Material and Methods. Persons involved in road accidents (N = 78) and paramedics (N = 106) completed the Polish version of the Impact of Event Scale–Revised.Results. The percentage of those who reported PTSD symptoms was similar and insignificant among persons involved in road accidents (56%) and among paramedics (45%). A significant difference (p < 0,01) was observed between these groups, however. The total PTSD, intrusions, and avoidance were higher for persons involved in road accidents.Conclusions. Victims, perpetrators, and helpers in road accidents were at a similar risk of PTSD. Peritraumatic interventions are recommended for all these groups.
Validation of a Brief Screening Instrument for Chemical Intolerance in a large U.S. National Sample
Authors: Palmer Raymond F , Walker Tatjana , Kattari David , Rincon Rudy , Roger Perales , Jaen Calos , Grimes Carl , Sunblad Dana R , Miller Claudia S
Published: June 2021

Keywords: Chemical Intolerance, Drug Intolerance, Food Intolerance, QEESI, BREESI, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Toxicant-induced Loss of Tolerance, Prevalence
Advanced Persistent Threat Detection and Defence (APT)
Authors: Adeyoola Hassan
Published: June 2021

as the growth and popularity of technology has become simultaneous ascend in both impacts and numbers of cyber criminals thanks to the web. For many years, the organization has strived in ways of preventing any attacks from cyber-criminal with advanced techniques. Cybercriminals and intruders are developing a more advanced way to breach the security surface of an organization. Advanced Persistent Threats are also known as APT are new and a lot more sophisticated version for multistep attack scenarios that are known and are targeted just to achieve a goal most commonly undercover activities. this report, there will cover everything I know that tells us about APT with more word and brief explanations
Epigenetic Alterations in Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Wang Sarah S , Xu Jihao , Ji Keely Y , Hwang Chang-Il
Published: June 2021

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most common (90%) and aggressive type of pancreatic cancer. Genomic analyses of PDA specimens have identified the recurrent genetic mutations that drive PDA initiation and progression. However, the underlying mechanisms that further drive PDA metastasis remain elusive. Despite many attempts, no recurrent genetic mutation driving PDA metastasis has been found, suggesting that PDA metastasis is driven by epigenetic fluctuations rather than genetic factors. Therefore, establishing epigenetic mechanisms of PDA metastasis would facilitate the development of successful therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in PDA as a critical contributor on PDA progression and metastasis. In particular, we explore the recent advancements elucidating the role of nucleosome remodeling, histone modification, and DNA methylation in the process of cancer metastasis.
Chip-Based Digital Pcr Improves the Detection of Low-Rate pik3ca Mutations in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Giannoni-Luza Stefano , Acosta Conchucos Oscar , Carrasco Alexis Germán Murillo , Danos Pierina , Cotrina Concha José Manuel , Guerra Miller Henry , Pinto Oblitas Joseph Arturo , Cartagena Alfredo Aguilar , Soria Jhajaira Araujo , Fujita Ricardo , Buleje Sono José Luis
Published: June 2021

PIK3CA is a gene usually mutated in breast cancer and has an important role in tumor progression and treatment. Therefore, there is required a technique to detect low-rate PIK3CA mutations improving the clinical conduct. This study aimed to compare chip-based dPCR and Sanger sequencing to detect PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer patients. Fifty-seven tumor samples from breast cancer patients were collected and analyzed by Sanger sequencing and dPCR for PIK3CA mutations (E545K, H1047R, and H1047L). Digital PCR sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance were estimated by contingency tables, receptor operator characteristic (ROC), and area under the curve (AUC). Sanger sequencing identified PIK3CA mutations in six patients (10.5%), two with H1047R, and four with E545K. Digital PCR confirmed those mutations and identified 19 additional patients with at least one mutation. Comparison between dPCR and Sanger sequencing showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 53-100%), and a specificity of 84.2% (95% CI 83 - 84.2%). Besides, H1047R mutation showed a significant association with breast cancer phenotype (p =0.019) and lymphatic node infiltration (p =0.046). Digital PCR showed a high sensitivity to detect mutations in tumor samples and it might be capable to detect low-rate mutations and tumor subpopulations not detected by Sanger sequencing.
Collagenase-Expressing Salmonella Targets Major Collagens in Pancreatic Cancer and Improves Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Ebelt Nancy Danielle , Zamloot Vic , Zuniga Edith , Passi Kevin B , Sobocinski Lukas J. , Young Cari A. , Blazar Bruce R. , Manuel Edwin R.
Published: June 2021

Therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can be attributed, in part, to a dense extracellular matrix containing excessive collagen deposition. Here, we describe a novel Salmonella typhimurium (ST) vector expressing the bacterial collagenase Streptomyces omiyaensis trypsin (SOT), a serine protease known to hydrolyze collagens I and IV, which are predominantly found in PDAC. Utilizing aggressive models of PDAC, we show that ST-SOT selectively degrades intratumoral collagen leading to enhancement of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in tumor-bearing mice. Ultimately, we found that ST-SOT treatment significantly modifies the intratumoral immune landscape to generate a microenvironment more conducive to ICB.
Hierarchical Structure of Protein Sequence
Authors: Nekrasov Alexei N. , Kozmin Yuri P. , Kozyrev Sergey V. , Ziganshin Rustam H. , de Brevern Alexandre G. , Anashkina Anastasia A.
Published: June 2021

Most non-infectious diseases are associated with dysfunction of proteins or protein complexes. Аssociation between sequence and structure is analyzed since a long time, and analysis of sequence organization in domains and motifs is actual research area. A mathematical method is proposed here to identify the hierarchical organization of protein sequences. The method is based on pentapeptide as a unit of protein sequences. This method was applied on a non-homologous dataset of protein sequences. The analysis revealed 11 hierarchical levels of protein sequence organization, showing the relationship of these multiple fragments of sequences. Using different examples, we illustrated how the fragments of the spatial structure of protein correspond to the elements of the hierarchical structure of the protein sequence. A hierarchical structure is observed in the protein sequence. This methodology is an interesting basis for mathematically based classification of elements of spatial organization of proteins. Elements of the hierarchical structure of different levels of the hierarchy can be used for biotechnological and medical problems.
Ensemble Learning Based on Policy Optimization Neural Networks for Capability Assessment
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Jiang , Wang Ye , Guo Lihong , Wu Dongyan , Wu Hao , Zhao Hongwei
Published: June 2021

Capability assessment plays a crucial role in the demonstration and construction of equipment. To improve the accuracy and stability of capability assessment, we study the neural network learning algorithms in the field of capability assessment and index sensitivity. Aiming at the problem of over-fitting and parameter optimization in neural network learning, the paper proposes an improved machine learning algorithm—the Ensemble Learning Based on Policy Optimization Neural Networks (ELPONN) algorithm with the policy optimization and ensemble learning. This algorithm presents optimized neural network learning algorithm through different strategies evolution, and builds an ensemble learning model of multi-intelligent algorithms to assessment the capability and analyze the sensitivity of the indexes. Through the assessment of capabilities, the algorithm effectively avoids parameter optimization from entering the minimum point in performance to improve the accuracy of equipment capability assessment, which is significantly better than previous neural network assessment methods. The experimental results show that the mean relative error is 4.10%, which is better than BP, GABP, and early stopping. The ELPONN algorithm has better accuracy and stability performance, and meets the requirements of capability assessment.
Flexibility Versus Certainty in Planning: A Critical Review of Cross-Boundary Spatial Planning Systems and Practices
Authors: Das Anutosh , Shahriyar Parvez Mohammad
Published: June 2021

This research has critically argued that a vigilant combination of flexibility and certainty in spatial planning can bring about the most optimum planning outcomes. Therefore, to reproachfully evaluate the core argument, this research has tried to empirically respond to the research question of which balance of government intervention and market freedom produces the optimal economic, social and spatial outcomes. This research question has been further translated into an associated central hypothesis i.e., a hybrid planning system with an optimal balance between discretionary and regulatory planning approach can bring about the desired economic, social, and spatial outcomes.
Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Systematic Review on the Substances of Greatest Concern Responsible for the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Frascaroli Gabriele , Reid Deborah , Hunter Colin , Roberts Joanne , Helwig Karin , Spencer Janice , Escudero Ania
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there is a growing concern about the alarming spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in different environments. Increasingly, many species of bacteria, fungi and viruses are becoming immune to the most commonly used pharmaceuticals. One of the causes of the development of the resistance is the persistence of these drugs, excreted by humans, in municipal and hospital wastewater (WW). Consequently, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a primary source of antimicrobial resistance genes as novel pollutants. This systematic review sought to examine the relevant literature on pharmaceutical residues (PRs) responsible for AMR in municipal and hospital WW in order to propose a classification of the PRs of greatest concern and provide an updated source for AMR management in WWTPs. Among 546 studies collected from four databases, 18 were included in the present review. The internal and external validity of each study was assessed, and the risk of bias was evaluated on a 20-parameter basis. Results were combined in a narrative synthesis discussing influents and effluents PR concentrations at 88 WWTPs, seasonal variations, differences between hospital and municipal WW, environmental risk assessment values of antimicrobial substances and treatment facilities removal efficiencies. Among the 45 PRs responsible for AMR evaluated in this study, the antibiotics ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim constitute a considerable risk in terms of ubiquitous distribution, worrying concentrations, risk quotients values, and resistance to removal treatments. Gaps in knowledge, data and information reported in this review provide a valuable source for managing AMR in WWTPs.
Splenic Micronodular T-Cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma: The Corticosteroid Pretreatment Hypothesis
Authors: Samueli Benzion , Nalbandyan Karen , benharroch daniel , Levi Itai
Published: June 2021

Splenic micronodular T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is possibly derived from nodal T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma; however, a transition between the nodal and splenic micronodular forms has not been described to date. Of note, the only lymph nodes to be involved in association with the splenic micronodular pattern of the disease are the splenic hilar lymph nodes, and that, with partial involvement only. Kan et al, in their series of articles, have raised the possibility that corticosteroids, when prescribed prior to splenectomy, cause histopathological and functional modulations (apoptosis, necrosis, tissue shrinkage), which modify or even obscure the diagnostic morphological features. The indications for glucocorticoid therapy are either related to the suspected lymphoma, or else to other comorbidities, like asthma and autoimmune disorders. We propose that patients with the splenic, rather than nodal subset of the disease are likely to have been prescribed corticosteroids prior to histopathologic examination of the involved tissue, causing disparate morphologies in the spleen. Apoptosis, as induced by corticosteroids, is hypothesized as the major mechanism initiating the histopa-thological and functional changes in the splenic micronodular variant of our patients.
Calcitriol Promotes Differentiation of Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Increases their Susceptibility to Temozolomide
Authors: Gerstmeier Julia , Possmayer Anna-Lena , Bozkurt Süleyman , Hoffmann Marina E. , Dikic Ivan , Herold-Mende Christel , Burger Michael C. , Münch Christian , Kögel Donat , Linder Benedikt
Published: June 2021

: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor with a very high rate of recurrence and a median survival of 15 months after diagnosis. Abundant evi-dence suggests that a certain sub-population of cancer cells harbors a stem-like phenotype and is likely responsible for disease recurrence, treatment resistance and potentially even for the infil-trative growth of GBM. GBM incidence has been negatively correlated with the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3, while the low pH within tumors has been shown to promote the ex-pression of the vitamin D3-degrading enzyme 24-hydroxylase, encoded by the CYP24A1 gene. Therefore, we hypothesized that calcitriol can specifically target stem-like glioblastoma cells and induce their differentiation. Here, we show using in vitro limiting dilution assays, quantita-tive real-time PCR and ex vivo adult organotypic brain slice transplantation cultures that thera-peutic doses of calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, reduces stemness to varying extent in a panel of investigated GSC lines and effectively hinders tumor growth of responding GSCs ex vivo. We further show that calcitriol synergizes with Temozolomide ex vivo to com-pletely eliminate some GSC tumors. These findings indicate that calcitriol carries potential as an adjuvant therapy for a subgroup of GBM patients and should be analyzed in more detail in fol-low-up studies.
The Ryanodine Receptor as a Sensor for Cellular Environments in Muscles
Authors: Kobayashi Takuya , Kurebayashi Nagomi , Murayama Takashi
Published: June 2021

The ryanodine receptor (RyR) is a Ca2+ release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal and cardiac muscles and plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling. The activity of the RyR is regulated by many intracellular factors such as divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+), nucleotides, associated proteins, and reactive oxygen species. Since these intracellular factors change depending on the condition of the muscle, e.g., exercise, fatigue, or disease states, the RyR channel activity will be altered accordingly. In this review, we describe how the RyR channel is regulated under various conditions and discuss the possibility that the RyR acts as a sensor for change in the cellular environment of muscles.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman GA3 terhadap Perkecambahan Benih dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Johar (Cassia seamea)
Authors: Yunus Ahmad , Qifni Arifiya , Harsono Puji , Pujiasmanto Bambang
Published: June 2021

Johar (Cassia seamea) is a medicinal plant with a cassiarin A compound to combat malaria and has a low Cassiarin A is an active compound in Johar (Cassia seamea) medicinal plant capable of combating malaria, despite showing a low seed production rate due to dormancy. This inactivity is severed using gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments. This study aims to determine the effects of concentration and soaking period of GA3 on seed germination and growth of Johar seedlings. A completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 2 treatments was applied as the research method. The first treatment employed GA3 concentrations of 0, 45, 90 and 135 ppm, while the second was based on the soaking interval at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The results showed the capacity of GA3 able to shatter the seed dormancy with percentage germination of 43.03% and a concentration of 50.28 ppm. Therefore, the interaction of the two treatments significantly influenced the growth of Johar seedlings. Consequently, the concentration of GA3 at 79.89 ppm increased the root length to 52.19 cm, while 84.68 ppm produced a total of 20.91 roots, after a 6 hour soaking. In addition, the 96.67 ppm expanded the stem diameter by 0.93 cm.
Identification of Surface Functional Group on Activated Carbon from Waste Sago
Authors: Togibasa Octolia , Ansanay Yane Oktovina , Dahlan Khaeriah , Erari Maya
Published: June 2021

Activated carbon is a powerful adsorption material which mainly used as pollutants adsorption. The adsorption properties own derived from the main functional groups or chemical atoms derived from the activation processes. In this study, the activated carbon was prepared from waste sago and activated using two different chemicals activation agents called phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide. The aim of this study was to identify the surface functional group on waste sago activated carbon produced. The results showed that activated carbon with phosphoric acid activator contained OH, C=C, CO and CH functional groups, while activated carbon with potassium hydroxide activator contained O-H, C≡C, C=C, C-O and C-H functional groups. These results lead to support the recommendations for the development of the application of waste sago activated carbon made as adsorbents in the purification of lead (II) and cadmium (II) wastewater.
Combating HIV-1 by Targeting Drug Efflux Transporters on the Macrophage Reservoir
Authors:   ,   University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Mu Ying
Published: June 2021

Introduction. HIV-1 eradication has not been achieved so far due to the existence of the cellular reservoir in which the virus can reside and replicate even under antiretroviral drug therapy (ART). Infected macrophages, which represent a long-term viral reservoir have been shown to lead to viral rebound independently. In response to the environmental stimuli, macrophages can be polarized into different phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2. Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, which are prevalent among people who are living with HIV-1, have been shown to promote HIV-1 progression and decrease the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs. A commonly used macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) has been shown to shift macrophage polarization in a murine macrophage cell line. In the previous research, we found that drug efflux transporters expressed differently between macrophage phenotypes. In this dissertation, we examined the effects of CSC, ethanol exposure, and AZM on the expression and function of clinically relevant drug efflux transporters, viral suppression of antiretroviral drugs, and macrophage polarization. Methods. The human monocytic cell lines U937 and the U1 cell line, which is derived from HIV-1 infected U937, were used and polarized to the M1 and M2 macrophages. Cells with the treatment of CSC, ethanol, and AZM were harvested for downstream analysis including macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, cytokine production, transporter expression and function, and viral suppression. Cells treated with IKK-16, an inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, were harvested for the analysis of transporter expression and function. Protease inhibitor lopinavir (LPV) was used to suppress viral replication and the intracellular LPV was measured using LC-MS/MS. Results. Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and AZM shifted M1 macrophage polarization to M2 while having minimal effects on the M2 macrophage polarization. Inhibiting macrophage subset-specific transporters significantly increased intracellular antiretroviral drug (ARV) concentrations and drug efficacy. Neither CSC nor ethanol had any effect on the transporter inhibition-mediated viral reduction. AZM modulated the expression of major drug efflux transporters in both macrophage subsets and increased intracellular ARV concentration in M2 macrophages. NF-κB and JNK are involved in the M1 macrophage polarization shift and NF-κB was also shown to regulate major transporter expression. Conclusion. Modulating the expression and function of macrophage subset-specific transporter expression can increase intracellular ARV concentration and drug efficacy of viral suppression. Targeting subset-specific transporter may be an effective way to increase intracellular ARV concentration in the macrophage reservoir.
Retrofitting of Polytomous Cognitive Diagnosis and Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models
Authors: YAKAR Levent , DOĞAN Nuri , DE LA TORRE Jimmy
Published: June 2021

In this study, person parameter recoveries are investigated by retrofitting polytomous attribute cognitive diagnosis and multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models. The data are generated using two cognitive diagnosis models (i.e., pG-DINA: the polytomous generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate and fA-M: the fully-additive model) and one MIRT model (i.e., the compensatory two-parameter logistic model). Twenty-five replications are used for each of the 54 conditions resulting from varying the item discrimination index, ratio of simple to complex items, test length, and correlations between skills. The findings are obtained by comparing the person parameter estimates of all three models to the actual parameters used in the data generation. According to the findings, the most accurate estimates are obtained when the fitted models correspond to the generating models. Comparable results are obtained when the fA-M is retrofitted to other data or when the MIRT model is retrofitted to fA-M data. However, the results are poor when the pG-DINA is retrofitted to other data or the MIRT is retrofitted to pG-DINA data. Among the conditions used in the study, test length and item discrimination have the greatest influence on the person parameter estimation accuracy. Variation in the simple to complex item ratio has a notable influence when the MIRT model is used. Although the impact on the person parameter estimation accuracy of the correlation between skills is limited, its effect on MIRT data is more significant.