bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glass Ionomer Cement Formulations: I. The Preparation of Novel Fluoroaluminosilicate Glasses High in Fluorine
Authors: Kent Brian E. , Lewis Brian G. , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The preparation of a large number of novel fluorine-containing aluminosilicate glasses is reported along with the properties of cements formed by their reaction to aqueous solutions of poly- (acrylic acid) (PAA).
A Comparison of the Effects of Endotoxin Upon Fibroblast Proliferation and Macromolecular Syntheses
Authors: Singer R.E. , Dutton W.G.
Published: November 2010

The effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin upon mouse L929 cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and proline incorporation were determined. It was found that a level of endotoxin which inhibited cell proliferation prompted a similar inhibition of DNA synthesis and overall cell protein synthesis. In contrast, endotoxin was shown to inhibit incorporation of proline into cell protein to a significantly greater extent.
The Concentrations of Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides and Phospholipids in Submandibular Salivary Glands of Rats in Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
Authors: Alam Syed Q. , Alam Bassima S.
Published: November 2010

EFA deficiency was created in young weanling rats by feeding for 16 weeks purified diets containing 0% fat or 7% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO). Control rats were fed similar diets which contained 7% corn oil or 5% HCO + 2% corn oil. Submandibular salivary gland (SMSG) lipids were extracted and analyzed for the concentrations of the free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), total lipid P and the proportions of various phospholipids. In EFA-deficient SMSG, the concentrations of FFA and TG fractions were lower compared to those of the controls. Total lipid P was either unaffected or slightly increased; the proportion of phospholipids was not changed. Possible reasons for these changes in SMSG lipids are discussed.
Studies of Prophylaxis Pastes Containing Sodium-Potassium Aluminum Silicate and Fluoride
Authors: Putt Mark S. , Kleber Carl J. , Muhler Joseph C.
Published: November 2010

A sodium-potassium aluminum silicate cleaning and polishing agent was compared with conventional prophylaxis abrasives and was found to be highly compatible with fluoride. When formulated into a fluoride prophylaxis paste, especially with stannous fluoride, a larger reduction in enamel solubility and greater fluoride uptake were obtained than with representative commercial prophylaxis pastes.
Behaviorally Based Measures for Assessing the Non-Clinical Performance of Expanded Function Dental Auxiliaries in Team Settings
Authors: Wallace Marc J. , Berger Philip K. , Harris John
Published: November 2010

Retranslation of expectations technique was used to develop behaviorally-anchored scales for evaluating the performance effectiveness of expanded function dental auxiliaries (EFDAs) working in extended dental health teams. The resulting instrument focuses on the evaluator's judgment of specific acts in eight dimensions of performance.
Sensitivity of Human Oral Tumor Cells to Human Adenovirus
Authors: Guest Gary F. , Winters Wendell D.
Published: November 2010

Human cells in early passage cultures of benign oral tumors, normal oral tissues, normal lung tissues and, especially, in long-term established oral carcinoma cultures were highly susceptible to infection by human adenovirus types 5, 21, and 31. In contrast, replication of each adenovirus type was markedly limited in inoculated cells of newly-established oral squamous cell carcinoma cultures.
The Antimicrobial Effect of Fluorides (Acidulated Phosphate, Sodium and Stannous) on Actinomyces viscosus
Authors: Yoon Nancy A. , Berry Charles W.
Published: November 2010

The effect of three commercially prepared fluoride compounds (acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23% F-, stannous fluoride 0.4%, and sodium fluoride 0.05%) diluted to various concentrations with brain heart infusion broth, on the growth of five strains of Actinomyces viscosus following 1 and 24 hours' exposure to the fluorides was studied. Results demonstrated that SnF2 was the most effective growth inhibitor of the organisms at 500 ppm F- after 1 hour and at 100 ppm F-after 24 hours' exposure. APF and NaF were not effective within a 1 hour exposure period, but did suppress growth of the organisms at 200 ppm in the cultures exposed for 24 hours.
Modification of Etching Patterns in Bovine Dental Enamel
Authors: Lees S. , Trombly P.L. , Skobe Z. , Gariepy E.E. , Trull A.F.
Published: November 2010

It is presumed that the etching pattern is controlled by the residual organic content of dental enamel. Pretreatment with 1.ON NaOH should remove the organic material and modify the etching pattern. SEM studies and other tests for physical and chemical properties show that the predicted modification of the etching pattern, when the tooth surface is pretreated with NaOH solution, occurs apparently without other changes of properties.
The Specificity of Response to Experimental Stress in Patients with Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome
Authors: Mercuri Louis G. , Olson Ronald E. , Laskin Daniel M.
Published: November 2010

Comparison of autonomic and muscular response to experimentally induced stress in normal individuals and patients with myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) syndrome revealed greater masseter and frontalis activity in the patient group, higher gastrocnemius activity in control subjects, and no significant difference in skin conductance and heart rate. This specificity of response to stress supports the psychophysiologic theory of MPD syndrome.
Character of the Hard Tooth Tissue-polymer Bond II. Study of the Interaction of Human Tooth Enamel and Dentin with N-Phenylglycine-Glycidyl Methacrylate Adduct
Authors: Alexieva Cornelia
Published: November 2010

The interaction of powdered human tooth enamel and dentin with NPG-GMA was studied in alcoholic and alcoholic-aqueous solutions. The reaction produces ionized carboxylic groups capable of forming ionic bonds between the calcium ions in the tooth enamel or dentin and NPG-GMA.
Calcium-specific Precipitation of Dentin Phosphoprotein: A New Method of Purification and the Significance for the Mechanism of Calcification
Authors: Kuboki Yoshinori , Fujisawa Ryuichi , Aoyama Kazushi , Sasaki Satoshi
Published: November 2010

Calcium, but not magnesium or strontium ions, specifically induce the precipitation of dentin phosphoprotein, which is reversibly solubilized by EDTA. This finding is very useful in purifying dentin phosphoprotein of either a free or matrix-bound type. Bovine dentin phosphoproteins, thus isolated, contain a minimal amount of contaminant protein, unlike previous preparations.
Fluoride Inhibition of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Gabler W.L. , Leong P.A.
Published: November 2010

Significant inhibition of PMN metabolic activity by F- occurred at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM F- for O-2 generation, 1-C14 CO 2 release labeled glucose and NBT-reduction respectively. This inhibition resulted primarily from F- suppression of non-oxidative glucose metabolism. As the concentration of F- in the O- 2 generating system increased beyond 10 mM, a rise in production of O-2 anion occurred, peaking at 20 mM F-, followed by a rapid decline.
Effects of Nitrous Oxide During Organogenesis in the Rat
Authors: Ramazzotto Louis J. , Carlin Ronald D. , Warchalowski George A.
Published: November 2010

Susceptibility of the pregnant female rat to possible teratogenic effects from acute nitrous oxide exposure was studied. A statistically significant increase in fetal death rate (ranging from 19.1 to 7%) was observed with exposure during various periods of organogenesis. No significant differences in fetal length, weight, or organ-to-body-weight ratios for spleen and liver were observed.
Human Gingival Lymphocytes. I. Methodology for the Isolation of Human Gingival Lymphocytes
Authors: Mackler B.F. , Withers J.A. , Woodson D.L. , Coker E. , Herrin A. , Friedman L. , O'Neill P.A.
Published: November 2010

Various methodologies were examined for the isolation of inflammatory cells from diseased human gingiva. The best recovery of viable gingival lymphocytes (gMNC) was achieved by a method which combined initial collagenase digestion followed by gentle teasing with an 18-gauge needle.
Differential Utilization of Proteins in Saliva from Caries-active and Caries-free Subjects as Growth Substrates by Plaque-forming Streptococci
Authors: Cowman R.A. , Schaefer S.J. , Fitzgerald R.J. , Rosner D. , Shklair I.L. , Walter R.G.
Published: November 2010

Mixed or parotid saliva from caries-active individuals consistently supported better growth of Streptococcus mutans (type c) than that from caries-free individuals. Electrophoretic studies revealed that certain proteins in caries-active salivas were susceptible to microbial attack, but similar proteins in caries-free salivas were refractory.
Modification by Salivary Pellicles of in vitro Enamel Remineralization
Authors: Zahradnik R.T.
Published: November 2010

The effectiveness of inorganic calcifying solutions to remineralize enamel with subsurface demineralization decreased with saliva pre-treatments conducive to the formation of enamel pellicles. Greater reductions in remineralization rates occurred with longer pellicle formation times. It is suggested that enamel pellicles may act to control surface deposition and favor subsurface precipitation.
The Effect of Epinephrine on Pulpal Microcirculation
Authors: Simard-Savoie Solange , Lemay Helene , Taleb Larbi
Published: November 2010

The effect of epinephrine (Epi) on the microcirculation of the pulp and its neuropharmacological mechanism has been established, as well as the existence of alpha adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels of the pulp. In addition, our results showed that local injections of Epi at doses greater than 10-8 M produced an extreme drop in intrapulpal pressure (IPP). This effect was not obtained when Epi was injected intravenously.
Effects of Pin Hole Position on Stress Distributions and Interpulpal Temperatures in Horizontal Nonparallel Pin Restorations
Authors: Takahashi Noriaki , Kitagami Tetsuya , Komori Tomio
Published: November 2010

Biomechanical evaluation was made of horizontal nonparallel pin position effects on stresses of tooth structure and interpulpal temperatures with a stress analysis and heat conductive analysis, following finite element methods. The results were that it is adequate to use geometry to decide horizontal pin position in a routine clinic.
Comparison of the Plaque Microflora in Immunodeficient and Immunocompetent Dental Patients
Authors: Brown Lee R. , Mackler Bruce F. , Levy Barnet M. , Wright Thomas E. , Handler Sandra F. , Moylan Joanne S. , Perkins Deborah H. , Keene Harris J.
Published: November 2010

The nature and extent of the immune dysfunctions in 20 immunodeficient patients, as well as the immunocompetence of 22 control subjects, were verified by cell-mediated responsiveness and immunoglobulin quantitations. Comparisons of the microbial composition of supragingival plaque between the two populations showed that a greater number of immunodefcient than control subjects harbored Candida sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Conversely, a lower number of immunodeficient than control subjects harbored Streptococcus mutans. Also, patients with immune dysfunctions had a lower dental caries experience than their immunocompetent counterparts.
Fit of Porcelain Fused-to-metal Crown and Bridge Castings
Authors: Eden G.T. , Franklin O.M. , Powell J.M. , Ohta Y. , Dickson George
Published: November 2010

The dimensional accuracy of porcelain fused to metal crown and bridge castings was determined on truncated cone-shaped steel dies. Ni-Cr castings produced in manufacturers' laboratories were consistently undersize, while precious metal castings were consistently oversize. Ni-Cr castings, produced in NBS laboratories using a modified investing technique, were routinely oversize.
Clinical Studies of Plaque Control Agents: An Overview
Authors: Lobene Ralph R.
Published: November 2010

Dental plaque is massed packed bacterial cells which accumulate on the supra- and subgingival surfaces of the teeth as well as on the oral mucosa. The microorganisms of plaque have been shown to be associated with both dental caries and periodontal disease. This overview of clinical studies of plaque control agents reviews the properties and effects of chemical compounds which have demonstrated a potential for the control of plaque microorganisms.

The search for clinically effective antiplaque agents has been stimulated by findings in laboratory and animal studies of plaque dynamics. Based upon these in vitro and in vivo experiments, chemotherapeutic agents such as antibiotics, antiseptics, enzymes, detergents, bacteriosides, antimetabolites, and oxidizing agents have been evaluated against human plaque microorganisms using the ultimate biological model — man.

Continued study of chemotherapeutic agents should be encouraged because many of these drugs have been shown to be safe for human use and may require only the development of a delivery system to potentiate their concentration in a specific local site. Use of these chemotherapeutic agents, which can be self-administered, becomes an attractive way of providing the public with a cost-effective method of preventing caries and periodontal disease.
In vitro Testing of Plaque Control Agents
Authors: Coburn Robert A.
Published: November 2010

The development of a number of in vitro techniques for the evaluation of antiplaque effects of test agents has followed the characterization and culturing of plaque-forming microorganisms. Studies of the mechanism of action of chlorhexidine and clinical observations have assisted in defining critical aspects of these in vitro techniques. Such assays may play an increasingly important role in screening potential new agents as well as in the optimization of properties by chemical modification of new lead agents. In addition, data generated in the in vitro assay may assist the design of in vivo evaluations of new agents. Proper selection of in vitro techniques for these various functions in the preclinical development process may reduce the time and cost involved in the development of new antiplaque agents.
The Effect of Mouthrinse Containing Calcium Glycerophosphate on the Chemical Composition and Development of Plaque in Humans
Authors: Wycoff Samuel J. , Morris Merle E. , Newbrun Ernest
Published: November 2010

Children rinsed twice daily with one of two concentrations of calcium glycerophosphate or a placebo. Plaque was collected at two-week intervals for eight weeks, and Löe and Silness Indices determined. Results indicate a lower index rating and a higher phosphorus content for experimental groups than for the control at the four-week examination.
Phase Plane Modeling of Human Jaw Movement: Reproducibility and Rhythm Dependency of the RMS Error
Authors: Naeije M. , Honee G.L.J.M.
Published: November 2010

The rhythm dependency and reproducibility of the jaw motion error for open-close-clench movements in man have been investigated. The results indicate that the error strongly depends upon the rhythm of movements. Sometimes there is a significant difference (p < 0.05) between corresponding series of jaw motion errors indicating a lack of reproducibility of the error at a repeat test.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Resin-based Filling Materials
Authors: Whiting R. , Jacobsen P.H.
Published: November 2010

The elastic moduli and mechanical damping of a range of polymeric restorative materials have been determined using a torsion pendulum. Composite materials have high moduli and low damping compared with unfilled resin. These materials have stable mechanical properties, but variation occurred as a result of different specimen conditioning methods.

Non-destructive testing was valuable in that it allowed repeated testing of a single specimen.
The Influence of Fluoride on the Seeded Growth of Apatite From Stable Supersaturated Solutions at pH 7.4
Authors: Eanes E.D.
Published: November 2010

Previous studies have shown that fluoride affected the formation of apatite in spontaneous precipitations from unstable calcium phosphate solutions partly through its effect on the stability of such nonapatitic precursors as octacalcium phosphate, Ca 8H2(PO4)6-5H2O. The present study shows that fluoride had a comparable effect on the seeded growth of apatite from stable solutions when the degree of solution supersaturation favored the transient development of octacalcium phosphate precursors on the seed surface.
Fluoride Resistance and Adherence of Selected Strains of Streptococcus mutans to Smooth Surfaces After Exposure to Fluoride
Authors: Streckfuss Joseph L. , Perkins Deborah , Horton Iris M. , Brown Lee R. , Dreizen Samuel , Graves Leonard
Published: November 2010

The fluoride resistance and smooth surface adherence characteristics of Streptococcus mutans were examined using tooth model and radioactive cell assays. Resistance to 600 ppmF by S. mutans isolated from the plaque of radiation-induced xerostomia patients receiving daily topical applications of a caries preventive 1% NaF gel was transient. Resistance induced in vitro in two strains of S. mutans by exposure to gradually increasing levels of NaF was apparently permanent. Smooth surface adherence by both fluoride-sensitive and -resistant strains of S. mutans 6715 in a tooth model system was slightly diminished by 1% NaF gel. Fluoride-resistant strains retained 89 to 93% of their adherence capability in 600 ppmF, as determined by the cell radiolabeling assay.
Effect of Sodium Fluoride on the Viability and Growth of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Brown Lee R. , Handler Sandra F. , Horton Iris M. , Streckfuss Joseph L. , Dreizen Samuel
Published: November 2010

A fluoride-sensitive (FS) strain of Streptococcus mutans and a laboratory-induced fluoride-resistant (FR) offspring were compared for the effects of sodium fluoride on viability and growth. There was a significant fluoride-related loss of viability in resting cell suspensions of the FS strain during a 47-hour exposure to fluoride levels above 75 ppm that was not encountered with the FR strain. The addition of 300 ppmF to actively growing six-hour broth cultures almost totally arrested the growth of the FS strain, while only slightly reducing that of the FR culture. The addition of 600 ppmF immediately terminated FS growth, and greatly reduced the rate and maximum growth of FR cultures.
Clinical, Radiographic, and Histological Evaluation of Porous Rooted Cobalt-Chromium Alloy Dental Implants
Authors: Peterson Larry J. , McKinney Ralph V. , Pennél Billy M. , Klawitter Jerome J. , Weinstein Allan M.
Published: November 2010

Forty-five cobalt-chromium alloy porous rooted dental implants were placed in dogs. They were evaluated periodically over two years. The implants were successful one-third of the time. Failures occurred early (two months) or late (after six). Attempts to explain the failures, early and late, are made.
Mechanical Tests of Smooth Silver-plated Retention Pins in Amalgam
Authors: Galindo Y. , McLachlan K. , Kasloff Z.
Published: November 2010

Retention and stress concentration factors can be improved if a good mechanical bond exists between smooth retention pins and an amalgam restoration. It is shown that, by silver-plating pins and by using a rubbing technique during condensation of the amalgam, a good mechanical bond is produced. Mechanical tests of this bond show that its shear strength is adequate to withstand the stresses likely to be produced by occlusal forces. The form of the tests was: (a) torsion, to demonstrate the performance of the bond in shear and (b) push-through, to provide stress distributions more closely allied to those found under clinical conditions. Plain stainless steel and plated stainless steel pins were compared for their performance, and sterling silver pins were used for checking the validity of the torsion test method.

It is concluded from these tests that, with the plating and "rubbing" techniques mentioned, a good mechanical bond is produced which is likely to have value in clinical dentistry.
The Effects of X-irradiation on Mouse Palatal Epithelial Chromosomes
Authors: Malek K.W. , Pentel L. , Piliero S.J. , Wishe H.
Published: November 2010

Low levels of X-ray exposure of mouse palatal epithelial cell cultures resulted in increased numbers of chromosomal aberrations. At the lowest level used (1R), aberrations occurred of the type produced by two breaks such as chromatid exchanges, dicentrics, and metacentrics.
Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid in Inflamed Human Gingivae. I.: Formation of 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1α
Authors: Wong Patrick Y.-K. , Ross James R. , Sticht Frank D.
Published: November 2010

Incubation of [14 C]-arachidonic acid with slices of inflamed human gingivae in the absence of glutathione resulted in formation of 6-keto-PGF1α, the stable hydrolytic product of prostacyclin. Significantly smaller amounts of this product were obtained when normal gingivae were treated in a similar manner. The formation of prostacyclin in inflamed gingivae may play an important role in alveolar bone resorption and as a mediator of inflammation in periodontal disease.
Corrosion Behavior of Au and Ag Modified Cu-Ni-Mn Alloys
Authors: Wright S.R. , Cocks F.H. , Gettleman L.
Published: November 2010

The linear electrochemical polarization method was used to provide quantitative in vitro measurements of corrosion rates as a function of exposure time for Cu-Ni-Mn, Cu-Ni-Mn-Au, Cu-Ni-Mn-Ag, and Cu-Ni-Mn-Au-Ag alloys in artificial saliva. Both Au and Ag additives to dental-cast Cu-Ni-Mn alloys lowered the corrosion rate significantly.
A Long-term Evaluation of Abrasion of Dental Composite Resins
Authors: Dérand Tore , Ehrnford Lars
Published: November 2010

A long-term study was performed on the abrasion of dental composites stored in different solutions for six months. No difference in wear resistance was noticeable between the water and lactic acid group. But the composite with regular filler showed reduced wear resistance when compared with a microfiller composite.
A Comparison of Interests of First Year Dental Students and Fellows of the Academy of General Dentistry on the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Authors: Emling Robert C. , Green Paul A. , Stevens Ford W.
Published: November 2010

The SCII was used to evaluate the similarity of interests of a sample of practicing dentists and those interests of a sample of dental students. The two groups were found to have similar interest patterns, except for business and office considerations. While the SCII's specific vocation scale for dentistry did not yield very strong positive results in terms of identifying the dental students, it did reveal useful interest patterns. As a general instrument for self-assessment, or for counselors advising the young about a vocation in dentistry, the SCII has some utility if the pattern of interests is used.
Erosion of Composite Resins
Authors: Powers J.M. , Fan P.L.
Published: November 2010

The surface degradation of composite resins caused by accelerated aging was studied. Accelerated aging for 900 hours caused erosion of the resin matrices and exposure of filler particles. Differences in surface profiles after aging suggest that the materials eroded at different rates. Accelerated aging may model erosive wear of composites.
Influence of Combinations of Oat Hulls and Sodium Trimetaphosphate Upon Dental Caries in the Rat
Authors: Stookey George K. , McDonald James L.
Published: November 2010

Two rat caries studies were conducted in which oat hulls, sodium trimetaphosphate, and combinations thereof were incorporated into two different caries-producing diets. The type of diet used was found to influence the anti-caries effects of oat hulls. In many instances, the cariostatic effect of the two agents was additive or even synergistic.
Endotoxic Activity in Teeth with Necrotic Pulps
Authors: Dahlen Gunnar , Bergenholtz Gunnar
Published: November 2010

From root canals of 13 teeth with necrotic pulps, samples were taken for analysis of endotoxin content by means of the Limulus lysate technique. The results were related to the viable bacteria count of root canal samples, phenol/water-extracted lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from different gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and to different fractions of inflammation exudate. It was found that the endotoxic activity of the root canal samples was correlated with the presence and the number of gram-negative bacteria in the root canal.
Glass-ionomer Cement Formulations. II. The Synthesis of Novel Polycarboxylic Acids
Authors: Crisp Stephen , Kent Brian E. , Lewis Brian G. , Ferner Alan J. , Wilson Alan D.
Published: November 2010

The synthesis of many polycarboxylic acids is reported. An account is given of their stability in aqueous solution and the properties of cements formed by their reaction with ion-leachable glasses. A copolymer of acrylic and itaconic acids was found to combine several favorable characteristics.
The Secretion of Protein and of Some Electrolytes in Response to a- and β- Adrenergic Agonists by Rat Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands Enlarged by Chronic Treatment with Isoproterenol
Authors: Abe K. , Dawes C.
Published: November 2010

In comparison with control rats, chronic administration of isoproterenol (IPR) caused enlargement of the parotid and submandibular glands and the synthesis of apparently new proteins, probably by acinar cells. The parotid and submandibular saliva secreted in response to methoxamine or IPR differed markedly in protein and electrolyte content. In addition, with each stimulus, the salivas secreted by control and experimental glands differed in flow rate, protein concentration, and in the concentrations of certain of the electrolytes.
Analytical Electron Microscopy of Bacterionema matruchotii Calcification
Authors: Takazoe Ichiro , Itoyama Toshiko
Published: November 2010

The morphology and elemental analyses of calcification occurring in Bacterionema matruchotii were studied by analytical electron microscopy. Early electron densities were found associated with metachromatic granules and cell membranes. Amorphous calcium phosphate appeared before apatite was detected.
The Inter-examiner Variation in Rating Dental Formation from Radiographs
Authors: Levesque Gilles-Y. , Demirjian Arto
Published: November 2010

Six examiners evaluated dental formation on 191 radiographs, using an eight-stage system. Discrepancies between these examiners are generally of the order of ± one stage, in about 20 to 25% of the cases. The authors thus suggest the use of reference radiographs, for the double purpose of ensuring a homogeneous rating by two examiners or more, as well as the assessment of eventual differences between populations.
Amalgam Surfaces Polished with a Vibrator
Authors: Abbott J.R. , Makinson O.F.
Published: November 2010

Vibratory polishing is shown to be a method for preparing amalgam specimens for microscopic examination of grain structure without chemical etches. The paper describes the optimum parameters for six amalgams and 14 abrasives under varying loads and polishing times.
Bonding of Polymers to Enamel: Influence of Deposits Formed During Etching, Etching Time and Period of Water Immersion
Authors: Beech Derrick R. , Jalaly Teherah
Published: November 2010

A technique for measuring the shear bond strength of composites to etched enamel was developed. The importance of thorough washing of the enamel surface to remove deposits formed during etching was demonstrated by measurements of bond strength and by scanning electron microscopy. One of three orthodontic adhesive systems showed a highly significant increase in bond strength afterimmersion in water for three months. Etching times as short as five seconds gave a bond strength not significantly different from that obtained after a one-minute etch.
A Solid Phase Immunofluorescent Assay for the Measurement of Salivary Immunoglobulin and Albumin Levels
Authors: Izutsu Kenneth , Truelove Edmond , Felton Samuel , Siegel Ivens , Madden Philip , Schubert Mark
Published: November 2010

A solid phase immunofluorescence assay which can be used to measure immunoglobulin and albumin levels in whole saliva, as well as in duct collected saliva samples, is described. This method is about an order of magnitude more sensitive than the conventional radial immunodiffusion method, allowing its use in situations involving large numbers of samples or restricted sample volumes. The relative precision and accuracy of this method are comparable to those of radial immunodiffusion.
Purification and Characterization of Galactosyltransferase in Human Parotid Saliva
Authors: Nakamura Ryo , Taniguchi Tateshi , Nonaka Hideki , Shizukuishi Satoshi , Tsunemitsu Akira
Published: November 2010

The galactosyltransferase has been purified from human parotid saliva by ammonium sulfate precipitation (25-70% saturation), followed by repeated affinity chromatography on Sepharose-α-lactalbumin. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 56,000. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to the exposed N-acetylglucosamine residues derived from glycoproteins, forming a Galβ(1-4)GlcNAc linkage.
Sizes of Deciduous Teeth in 45,X Females
Authors: Kari Markku , Alvesalo Lassi , Manninen Kimmo
Published: November 2010

Deciduous teeth of eleven Finnish 45,X females were examined, and their tooth sizes were found to be smaller than those of control females. This finding might be explained by the decreased amount of the products of the growth-promoting factors located in the X and Y chromosomes.
Bacterial Penetration of Human Dentin in vitro
Authors: Michelich V.J. , Schuster G.S. , Pashley D.H.
Published: November 2010

The ability of bacteria to penetrate acid-etched and unetched human dentin was examined in vitro using a split chamber. Results indicate that bacteria can grow through or be filtered by pressure through acid-etched dentin. Unetched dentin, while permitting fluid filtration, restricts bacterial penetration. Penetration of dentin tubules by bacteria reduces the rate of fluid filtration across dentin.
Dental Pulp Mucopolysaccharidase: Identification and Role in Tooth Resorption
Authors: Alexander S.A. , Swerdloff M. , Caputo L.
Published: November 2010

The presence of mucopolysaccharidase activity within the pulps of resorbing deciduous teeth was investigated using histochemical techniques. The loss of toluidine blue metachromasia within glycosaminoglycan film substrates indicated the presence of enzyme activity. This was related to physiologic resorption.
A Predictive Model for the Clinical Marginal Fracture of Amalgam
Authors: Mahler David B. , Marantz Richard L. , Engle John H.
Published: November 2010

The relationship of clinical marginal fracture to creep and zinc content of amalgam alloys was examined. Using multiple regression analysis, a predictive equation was found which produced an excellent fit to the experimental data (R2 = .944).
Effect of Autonomic Agents on the Secretion of N-Acetyl-β-Glucosaminidase of Mouse Submaxillary Gland
Authors: Hiramatsu Masahiko , Hatakeyama Keiko , Hosoi Kazuo , Minami Naomi
Published: November 2010

The secretion of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase of mouse submaxillary gland into saliva was stimulated by norepinephrine and phenylephrine but not by pilocarpine and isoproterenol. The stimulative effects of the α-adrenergic agents were inhibited by α-blockers, phentolamine, and phenoxybenzamine. These results suggest that the secretion of the enzyme is regulated through α-adrenergic receptors.
Interstitial Growth of Septal Cartilage in the Young Albino Rat
Authors: Catala Adolfo E. , Johnston Lysle E.
Published: November 2010

The cartilaginous nasal septa of 28 albino rats were marked with pairs of wire implants. Measurements obtained from cephalometric radiographs taken at 30 and 60 days revealed that the implants invariably separated and did so at a rate that was highly correlated with the growth of the rest of the snout.
Neutron Activation Analysis of Microleakage Around a Hydrophobic Composite Restorative
Authors: Douglas W.H. , Chen C.J. , Craig R.G.
Published: November 2010

Neutron activation analysis with dysprosium as a tracer was employed to determine quantitatively the microleakage around the restorations of an experimental hydrophobic composite, as well as a commercial composite. Only a negligible uptake of tracer was obtained for the experimental composite, whereas a five-fold uptake was recorded for the commercial composite. Capillary penetration of fluid around a restoration could be greatly reduced by using a hydrophobic composite.
Prostaglandins in Rat Pulp Tissue
Authors: Hirafuji M. , Satoh S. , Ogura Y.
Published: November 2010

Rat pulp tissue contained an appreciable amount of prostaglandins, but sex and age-dependent differences in their concentration were not observed. Pulp tissue released prostaglandins into the incubation medium and indomethacin inhibited the release significantly. Radiochemical studies could not demonstrate the biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins in pulp tissue homogenates.
Application of the Cubic Spline Function in the Description of Dental Arch Form
Authors: Begole Ellen A.
Published: November 2010

Cubic splines were fitted to the maxillary dental arches of 27 children with permanent dentitions, all having Class I molar, cuspid, and buccal segment relationships. A set of data points was chosen to represent arch form, and of these points, five were used as knots of the spline. Error of the fit of the curve was evaluated through the analysis of normals to the curve computed from those points not used as knots. Analysis demonstrates that the errors are minimal, and the spline function appears to adequately represent either symmetric or asymmetric dental arch forms.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Loftin Karin C. , Brown Lee R. , Levy Barnet M.
Published: November 2010

The predominant cultivable bacteria in the supra-gingival plaque of Old World monkeys were similar to those in human plaque. A significant inter-animal species difference was observed in the absolute and relative concentrations of specific microbial populations. Streptococcus mutans serotype c was found primarily in rhesus plaque and serotype e in cynomolgus plaque.
Prostaglandin as a Mediator of Bone Resorption Induced by Experimental Tooth Movement in Rats
Authors: Yamasaki Kenichi , Miura Fujio , Suda Tatsuo
Published: November 2010

Administration of indomethacin inhibited the appearance of osteoclasts and bone resorption induced by experimental tooth movement in rats. Effects were limited to groups injected within 12 h after treatment.

Prostaglandin E1or E2solutions injected in gingiva lying near the upper first molar caused the appearance of osteoclasts and bone resorption.
Effect of Pulsed High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Embryonic Mouse Palate in vitro
Authors: Lieb Richard J. , Regelson William , West Brian , Jordan Robert L. , DePaola Dominick P.
Published: November 2010

Palatal shelves from 14-day-old embryonic mice were exposed to a 27.12 MHz pulsed non-ionizing radiofrequency (Diapulse) for 20 min followed by 24-hour organ culture in nutrient agar. Diapulse-treated palatal shelves showed induction of cartilage within the mesenchymal compartment and loss of the overlying epithelium in contrast to controls which were free of cartilage. The results are thought to be independent of thermal changes and may be due to calcium flux within the tissue.
Regional Nerve Block of the Temporomandibular Joint Capsule: A Technique for Clinical Research and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Klineberg Iven , Lillie John
Published: November 2010

In previous studies in which regional anesthesia of the temporomandibular joint capsule was used to examine the role of the joint in mandibular movement and distinguish it from muscle control, the anesthetic techniques used have not been satisfactorily described. The accuracy of the injeetion technique described in this paper was determined by dissection and radiographic examination of fixed and fresh specimens. Using this technique, trial patient studies were made using an anesthetic solution to which a radiopaque medium was added. Radiographic examination of the patients affirmed the location of the injected material, while clinical assessment determined its functional effectiveness. Using the described technique, anesthetic solution was accurately and reproducibly introduced posteriorly and laterally to the temporomandibular joint to achieve anesthesia of the joint.
Calculation of Interfacial Stress in Porcelain-fused-to-metal Systems
Authors: Bertolotti Raymond L.
Published: November 2010

A method is given for calculating interfacial shear stress in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorative materials. Thermal history of the porcelain and dynamic stress relief relations are utilized to predict interfacial stress as a function of temperature. Calculations are in agreement with experimental results based on the deflection of bimaterial strips and are consistent with previously reported data.
A Non-destructive Method of Evaluating the Elastic Properties of Anterior Restorative Materials
Authors: Whiting R. , Jacobsen P.H.
Published: November 2010

An ultrasonic pulse transit-time method was used to determine the Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of seven anterior-restorative materials. Small rectangular specimens were immersed in a water bath and ultrasonic pulses propagated through them. Two types of ultrasonic wave could be generated inside the specimen by altering the angle of incidence. Measurement of the pulse transit-time for these two waves enabled their velocities and, hence, the material's elastic constants to be calculated. The variation of these properties with time of conditioning and temperature was also determined.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Howell R.E. , Boyan-Salyers B.
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this research was to examine the requirements for proteolipid initiation of calcification in culture. Proteolipid from a calcifiable microorganism, Bacterionema matruchotii, was compared with proteolipid isolated from a non-calcifiable microorganism, Actinomyces naeslundii. Although A. naeslundii does not calcify in culture, lyophilized cells and proteolipid-containing extracts do initiate apatite formation. A. naeslundii proteolipid (ANN) differs from B. matruchotii (BMN) in concentration, apoprotein polarity, and phospholipid composition. These differences may alter the ability of ANN to nucleate apatite in the intact cell.
Clinical Science
Authors: Takada K. , Sakuda M. , Yoshida K. , Kawamura Y.
Published: November 2010

Methods for measuring tongue volume and the capacity of the oral cavity proper were devised. Analysis of the data on 25 females with normal occlusion revealed that the tongue volume significantly correlated with the capacity of the oral cavity proper and the depth of the floor of the mouth.
Binding of Methyl Methacrylate to Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Fujisawa Sechiro , Masuhara Echi
Published: November 2010

Binding constants for methacrylates, acrylates, and miscellaneous vinyl monomers with bovine serum albumin were determined using 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid (HABA). The influence of hydrophobic binding appeared to be more dominant in the bindings of methyl methacrylate.
Creep Rate of Porcelain-bonding Alloys as a Function of Temperature
Authors: Bertolotti R.L. , Moffa J.P.
Published: November 2010

Representative high gold, gold-palladium, and palladium-silver alloys are shown to have different creep rates at temperatures up to the usual porcelain firing range. Dynamically measured creep rates are interpreted in terms of relative "sag" and margin "opening" tendencies of the alloys.
In vitro Wear of Aged Composite Restorative Materials
Authors: Fan P.L. , Powers J.M.
Published: November 2010

Wear characteristics of aged and unaged composite restorative materials were compared using single-pass sliding. There were differences in wear track widths, tangential forces, and surface failure classifications between aged and unaged composites. Changes in surface wear characteristics upon aging were attributed to surface degradation in the composite materials.
Acyclovir Therapy for the Orofacial and Ganglionic HSV Infection in Hairless Mice
Authors: Park No-Hee , Pavan-Langston Deborah , Hettinger Michael E.
Published: November 2010

Acyclovir (ACV) therapy, topical or systemic, showed a significantly high therapeutic efficacy for facial Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection in hairless mice. When topical ACV treatment was initiated very early, i.e., three h post-inoculation, the number of mice with latent HSV infection in their trigeminal ganglia was significantly reduced. These results indicate that ACV clearly merits further investigation as an antiviral agent for therapy of orofacial HSV infections.
Radioautography of Dexamethasone in Rabbit Gingiva and Buccal Mucosa
Authors: Tchernitchin A. , Wenk E.J. , Southren A.L. , Vittek J.
Published: November 2010

This study radioautographically localizes 3H-dexamethasone in the nuclei of target cells in the gingival epithelium, stroma and the walls of blood vessels, and, to a lesser degree, in the buccal mucosa cells. The findings support the possibility of a direct effect of glucocorticoids via specific hormone cytosol-nuclear receptors in oral tissues.
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses to Anticipated High-stress Dental Treatment
Authors: Beck Frank M. , Weaver Joël M.
Published: November 2010

Twenty-four healthy adults participated in a study to determine the effects of anticipated high-stress dental treatment on blood pressure and heart rate. Blood pressure, heart rate, and state anxiety were assessed prior to four consecutive dental appointments. Appointments 1, 2, and 4 were of relatively low stress and appointment 3 was of relatively high stress. Blood pressure was unaffected while heart rate was highest prior to appointment 3 and lowest prior to appointment 1.
Pre-exposure to the First Dental Treatment
Authors: Rouleau Joanne , Ladouceur Robert , Dufour Laurent
Published: November 2010

The present study attempts to verify the relative efficacy of two forms of pre-exposure which are identical in content and parallel in mode of exposure (in vivo or videotape). These two forms of pre-exposure were given to 38 children, aged four to six years old, before their first dental visit.

The results showed that all groups manifested relatively little negative behavior while seeing the dentist. The theoretical and methodological implications of this study are discussed.
A Method for Quantitatively Determining Temporomandibular Joint Bony Relationships
Authors: Blaschke Donald D. , Blaschke Thomas J.
Published: November 2010

The spatial relationship of the mandibular condyle to the temporal component of the TMJ is determined quantitatively from lateral tomograms using a new method of measuring specific areas of the joint space. Condyle position along the posteroanterior axis of the joint is expressed as a ratio of the posterior joint space area divided by the anterior joint space area (the P/A ratio). A description of the method, as used in a clinical evaluation of 50 asymptomatic TMJs, and a statistical evaluation of the method's reproducibility and accuracy are given. The method was found to have both high reproducibility and high accuracy.
Materials Science
Authors: Garcia Daniel A. , Sullivan Thomas M. , O'Neill Donna M.
Published: November 2010

The biocompatibility of two implant materials, vitallium and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), was evaluated in an animal model in which bone formation and resorption are independent of each other. Neither material accelerated resorption, but formation was inhibited 12% by vitallium and 38% by PMMA. When three PMMA preparations varying in monomer content were tested, the data exhibited a dose-response relation, suggesting that inhibition of bone formation was due to the presence of residual monomer.
Basic Biological Sciences
Authors: Nanda Ravindra , Catalanotto Frank A.
Published: November 2010

Taste bud structure and taste preferences in intact and desalivated animals were evaluated to ascertain whether there was a structure-function relationship. Thirty-three totally desalivated rats and 30 sham-operated controls were tested between 95 and 110 d after surgery with a 48-hour two-bottle preference paradigm; they were then sacrificed, and the tongue epithelium and circumvallate papillae taste buds were examined histologically. Desalivated rats manifested significantly increased preferences for normally avoided solutions. Histological study of the dorsal tongue epithelium revealed increased keratosis. There were qualitative changes in the taste buds of the circumvallate papillae with some taste buds appearing shrunken and disorganized.
Isolated Parotid Acinar Cells from DL-Isoproterenol-treated Rats. A Cellular Model for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Mangos J.A. , Boyd R.L. , Bouchlas D. , Farnham W.
Published: November 2010

The morphology and composition of isolated acinar cells from the enlarged parotid glands of rats treated chronically with DL-isoproterenol were investigated and compared with isolated acinar cells from parotids of control untreated rats. Changes similar to those observed in parotid acinar cells from patients with cystic fibrosis were demonstrated.
Human Teeth With and Without Dental Caries Studied by Visible Luminescent Spectroscopy
Authors: Alfano R.R. , Yao S.S.
Published: November 2010

The visible emission spectra and fluorescent lifetimes from decayed and nondecayed regions of teeth were measured and compared. The spectrum from carious lesions is different from that of noncarious tooth regions. This may offer a non-X-ray method for diagnosing dental caries in humans.
Flexure Modulus of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires
Authors: Yoshikawa D.K. , Burstone C.J. , Goldberg A.J. , Morton J.
Published: November 2010

The flexure modulus of elasticity of standard stainless steel orthodontic wires was determined by the use of an iterative finite element technique to be 25.4 x 106 psi (175 x 103 MN/m2). This technique accounts for the configurational changes in the test specimens due to the relatively large deflections during the cantilever test. Under these conditions, the elementary strength of materials relationships does not accurately describe the flexure characteristics of the wires.
Ultrastructural Alteration of Trypsin- and Pancreatin-separated Embryonic Rabbit Palate Epithelium and Mesenchyme
Authors: Lieb Richard J. , DePaola Dominick P.
Published: November 2010

The effects of 30- and 45-minute trypsin- and pancreatin-separation on embryonic rabbit palate epithelium and mesenchyme were studied with the electron microscope. Changes in epithelium included fragmentation of the basal lamina and formation of cytoplasmic blebs associated with the basal cell layer. Changes in mesenchymal cells were first evident at 45 min of incubation and included cell fragmentation, nuclear pyknosis, and dilation of extracellular space. Results indicate a differential susceptibility of mesenchyme to the separating agent.
Adjacency Effects in Developmental Correlations Among Tooth Organs in Human Fetuses
Authors: Burdi Alphonse R. , Superstine Jerome , Babler William
Published: November 2010

This study explores whether the "distance gradient" model shown for embryonic development and postnatal tooth growth is also characteristic of the fetal period. Histologic data and ratings from 26 human fetuses show that, unlike the embryonic and postnatal periods, changes occurring in two tooth germs are significantly alike, regardless of the number of intervening teeth.