bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spousal Support in Quebec: Resisting the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines
Authors: Lazare Jodi
Published: January 2019

Since 2005, the Spousal Support Advisory Guidelines have become an essential part of the practice of family law throughout Canada. Aimed at structuring discretionary spousal support determinations under the Divorce Act and increasing the fairness of awards, the Advisory Guidelines have been embraced by appellate courts across jurisdictions. Quebec is the exception to that trend. Despite that marriage and divorce fall under federal jurisdiction, Quebec courts resist the application of these non-binding rules, written by two family law scholars. This article responds to Quebec’s resistance to the Advisory Guidelines and suggests that concerns about them may be misplaced. By reviewing the history of Quebec’s legislative approach to married spouses, it suggests that antipathy toward the Advisory Guidelines, based on their failure to reflect Quebec matrimonial law, is misguided. Rather, judicial approaches in Quebec based on autonomy and economic independence fail to reflect the reality of both the provincial and federal legislative landscapes respecting marriage and divorce.
Cybersyn y la memoria simbólica del papel
Authors: Gómez-Venegas Diego
Published: January 2019

Este ensayo presenta una discusión y análisis sobre el caso Cybersyn, desde una perspectiva de arqueología de medios, poniendo particular atención en los desarrollos teóricos y metodológicos planteados por los académicos Friedrich Kittler y Wolfgang Ernst. En consecuencia, la discusión se centrará en aspectos no-visuales del proyecto en cuestión, dejando de lado las miradas «iconográficas» que hasta ahora han abordado este caso, primeramente, desde las fotografías que documentan su sala de operaciones. De modo alternativo, propongo mover nuestra atención hacia la red de télex y el sistema de procesamiento que sostuvieron a Cybersyn, para buscar en ellos, en los sistemas de símbolos que por allí circularon, la materialización del saber técnico que caracterizaría al caso, esbozando así, potencialmente, su alcance cultural.
L’arqueologia dels mitjans i la traducció en la pràctica artística: El projecte Nefertiti Hack, de Nora Al-Badri i Jan Nikolai Nelles
Authors: Dot Anna
Published: January 2019

En una de les sales més famoses del Neues Museum de Berlín s’exposa ininterrompudament des de 2009 el bust de Nefertiti que un equip d’arqueòlegs alemanys va trobar a Egipte el 1912. La peça va arribar a la capital alemanya fruit d’un dels nomborosos espolis que es van portar a terme els últims anys del segle xix i principis del xx, i que van donar contingut als museus occidentals de la modernitat. Actualment, la sala on es troba l’escultura de Neftertiti té unes normes que limiten l’entrada d’espectadors i prohibeixen l’ús de càmeres fotogràfiques i de vídeo. La vigència dels patrons normatius que marquen aquesta mena de museus es va posar en dubte quan l’octubre de 2015 els artistes Nora Al-Badri i Jan Nikolai Nelles van piratejar l’escultura de Nefertiti: la van escanejar, en van elaborar un model digital 3D i el van publicar a internet en domini públic. Així, l’escultura ha adquirit el potencial de ser reproduïda, reinterpretada, transformada, recontextualitzada i resignificada. En aquest estudi descrivim el projecte d’Al-Badri i Nelles, anomenat Nefertiti Hack, i ens hi basem per a analitzar la figura dels autors del projecte com a arqueòlegs del museu del segle xix i traductors del bust de Nefertiti. Els artistes han traslladat la peça d’un format a un altre, actuant com a potenciadors de futures resignificacions, i han emprat aquesta traducció per a efectuar una revisió des de la crítica postcolonial de les narratives sobre les quals s’ha construït el museu vuitcentista.
El rostro sintético. Estrategias de representación en torno al retrato artificial
Authors: Martín Martínez José Vicente , Luna Lozano Sergio
Published: January 2019

El desarrollo en el último cuarto del siglo xx de la computación gráfica, tanto del software de edición fotográfica digital como el de modelado 3D, ha contribuido a la aparición de distintas técnicas en torno a la representación sintética del rostro humano –como el morphing, el fotomontaje digital o las imágenes de síntesis tridimensionales– que han ampliado las posibilidades de expresión gráfica del retrato tanto en el ámbito artístico o científico como en el de la industria audiovisual y del entretenimiento.

El presente artículo agrupa las metodologías de generación del retrato sintético bajo tres estrategias generales: la imagen promedio para visualizar un rostro estándar; la combinación de fragmentos faciales para construir un retrato híbrido; y el estereotipo adaptado, que parte de un esquema universal para dirigirse a una concreción particular. Cada una de estas fórmulas desarrollan procedimientos para generar un retrato verosímil de un particular a partir de esquemas, fragmentos o combinaciones de rostros universales, procedimientos que en sus fundamentos enlazan con técnicas precedentes como el retrato compuesto de Galton, los kits fotográficos para la confección de retratos robot o las cartillas académicas del siglo xvii, desvelando de este modo una continuidad recurrente en la historia de los medios, que acercan nuestro trabajo a la arqueología de los medios.

De esta manera, el rostro sintético se pone al servicio de la representación del individuo en su ausencia, analizándose sus vinculaciones tanto con las técnicas de identificación como con las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas, dedicadas estas últimas al cuestionamiento de la construcción de la identidad del individuo y los procesos de identificación de la modernidad.
Mapeado digital de lugares en la novela bizantina española
Authors: Losada Palenzuela José Luis
Published: January 2019

La geografía literaria es un cruce interdisciplinario entre teoría de la literatura, geografía, cartografía digital y análisis espacial. En esta contribución abordamos las posibilidades y limitaciones de las tecnologías digitales para la cuantificación y visualización del espacio narrativo de los textos ficcionales. El análisis se basa en un corpus específico adscrito al género de la novela bizantina española del Siglo de Oro, cuyo cronotopo de la aventura está marcado con viajes, travesías marítimas, exotismo, encuentros transculturales, etc. A esta característica espacial singularizadora se añade la influencia directa de la cartografía histórica en la creación artística. Nos hemos servido de la extracción automática de lugares (Stanford y Freeling), de la georreferenciación (Qgis), de la geolocalización (GeoNames, Pelagios), del tratamiento de datos (R) y de la visualización en mapas (leaflet maps en R). Aunque podremos concluir que un acercamiento cuantitativo representa limitaciones que impiden explicar cómo funciona el género bizantino espacialmente, una visualización asociada a la superposición de mapas históricos podría servir, en nuestro caso, para añadir conocimiento al análisis del espacio literario.
Obsolescencia y resiliencia en Humanidades digitales. El caso de la Biblioteca Digital de Relaciones de Sucesos
Authors: Pena Sueiro Nieves , Saavedra Places Ángeles
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo se plantea el problema de la obsolescencia de las aplicaciones de Humanidades digitales a partir de la experiencia con la base de datos CBDRS (Catálogo y Biblioteca Digital de Relaciones de Sucesos), y se presentan las diferentes estrategias que pasan por la adopción de flujos de trabajo para adaptarnos a las nuevas tecnologías y para mantener, conservar y ampliar o mejorar nuestros datos y objetos digitales. La rapidez del avance y desarrollo tecnológico y los cambios en los paradigmas o metodologías inherentes implican la necesidad de reingenierías de las aplicaciones para que funcionen correctamente y podamos hacer uso de la información que nos brindan. En el seno del grupo SIELAE se creó, en el año 1994, una base de datos relacional para almacenar información bibliográfica sobre Relaciones de sucesos con tecnologías que entonces eran punteras pero que hoy resultan anticuadas (a pesar de que el software se fue actualizando y de que se han realizado ya diversos ajustes); al mismo tiempo, los progresos en el conocimiento del campo de investigación, propiciados gracias al trabajo con la base de datos, dieron lugar a algunos cambios en el modelo de datos y a la necesidad de gestionar un volumen de información que no se había previsto. Todas estas razones (los avances tecnológicos, las modificaciones en el modelo de datos o el volumen ingente de información) justifican que, dos décadas después, nos planteásemos la necesidad de soportar una reingeniería de la base de datos CBDRS, pues la aplicación presentaba problemas de rendimiento (el tiempo de espera tras una búsqueda es elevado) y, además, el usuario espera ahora más usabilidad y mayores prestaciones en los catálogos digitales. Pues bien, en este trabajo presentamos los avances en la reingeniería de la base de datos CBDRS, que se construye como data provider del protocolo OAI-PMH, en el formato Dublin Core, y así poder integrarse en metabuscadores que implementen dicho protocolo, como ARACNE. Red de Humanidades Digitales y Letras Hispánicas, que, además, es agregador de otros recolectores como Hispana (portal de acceso al patrimonio digital y agregador nacional) y Europeana (portal de acceso al patrimonio digital europeo). Las actualizaciones y modificaciones a las que fue sometida la base de datos CBDRS la han convertido en una base de datos mucho más potente, capaz de almacenar gran cantidad de información y de devolverla al usuario según múltiples criterios de búsqueda en un tiempo de espera mínimo; además, permite exportar los resultados de búsquedas a otros formatos y enviarlos automáticamente. Una de las grandes novedades de CBDRS es que se completa con un sistema GIS, que permite visualizar la información resultado de las consultas en mapas. Por último, es una aplicación multidispositivo, con una interfaz capaz de adaptarse automáticamente a diferentes dispositivos (teléfonos móviles, tabletas, ordenadores…) y garantizar así la accesibilidad total contenido.
Contemporary knowledge of typical and atypical development of verbal communication
Authors: Jovanović Nadica
Published: January 2019

Communication can generally be defined as an exchange of messages between the sender and recipients. When analyzing the characteristics of communication, the classification into verbal and non-verbal communication is often referred to in literature. Typical child development includes the stages of pre-intentional, intentional pre-symbolic and intentional symbolic communication. Every child goes through the same phases of communication development, but the time at which he or she enters certain stage as well as its duration is not always the same for each and every child. Some children exhibit atypical development of communication. Due to this, some periods of communication development last longer compared to those children going through the stages of typical development. Communication disorders represent a serious and common problem faced by the child, parents and the wider community where the child grows up, because if there are communication difficulties at an early age, additional problems concerning insufficiently adopted speech-language system may appear. Speech and language delays recorded at an early age often appear throughout the developmental period and have negative consequences for academic achievements in school, as well as for the overall communication and social functioning of children in older age.
Putatively asexual chrysophytes have meiotic genes: evidence from transcriptomic data
Authors: Kraus Diana , Chi Jingyun , Boenigk Jens , Beisser Daniela , Graupner Nadine , Dunthorn Micah
Published: January 2019

Chrysophytes are a large group of heterotrophic, phototrophic, or even mixotrophic protists that are abundant in aquatic as well as terrestrial environments. Although much is known about chrysophyte biology and ecology, it is unknown if they are sexual or not. Here we use available transcriptomes of 18 isolates of 15 putatively asexual species to inventory the presence of genes used in meiosis. Since we were able to detect a set of nine meiosis-specific and 29 meiosis-related genes shared by the chrysophytes, we conclude that they are secretively sexual and therefore should be investigated further using genome sequencing to uncover any missed genes from the transcriptomes.
Growth estimation of the larger foraminifer Heterostegina depressa by means of population dynamics
Authors: Eder Wolfgang , Woeger Julia , Kinoshita Shunichi , Hohenegger Johann , Briguglio Antonino
Published: January 2019

In Heterostegina depressa, the flagship species of laboratory investigations of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) since the 70’s, the timing of reproduction, longevity and natural chamber building rates are still understudied. A recently developed method, the natural laboratory (sensu Hohenegger), has been applied on H. depressa populations from Sesoko Jima, NW Okinawa, Japan. An averaged chamber building rate and longevity of H. depressa were calculated based on 17 monthly samplings at fixed stations. All samples were collected at 20 and 50 m water depths using SCUBA. Live populations were dried and investigated by microCT. The monthly frequency distributions of chamber numbers and test diameters have been decomposed in normally distributed components. For each month, mean and standard deviations of the components were used to calculate the maximum chamber number and maximum test diameter. Based on these values, the natural chamber building rate (CBR) or diameter increase rate (DIR) could be estimated using the Michaelis-Menten function. CBR and DIR were inverted to estimate the ‘birthdate’ of all investigated individuals. Based on frequencies of these ‘birthdates’, main reproduction events could be detected and compared to the reproduction timing of other subtropical and tropical LBF taxa. Furthermore, peaks in reproduction could be linked to monsoon wet seasons (=“rainy seasons”) and winter rains.
Foraging habitat choice of White-tailed Tropicbirds revealed by fine-scale GPS tracking and remote sensing
Authors: Santos Carlos D. , Campos Leila F.A.S. , Efe Márcio A.
Published: January 2019

Background

The introduction of animal tracking technology has rapidly advanced our understanding of seabird foraging ecology. Tracking data is particularly powerful when combined with oceanographic information derived from satellite remote sensing, allowing insights into the functional mechanisms of marine ecosystems. While this framework has been used extensively over the last two decades, there are still vast ocean regions and many seabird species for which information is scarce, particularly in tropical oceans.

Methods

In this study we tracked the movement at high GPS recording frequency of 15 White-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon lepturus) during chick-rearing from a colony in Fernando de Noronha (offshore of Northeast Brazil). Flight behaviours of travelling and searching for food were derived from GPS data and examined in relation to satellite-sensed oceanographic variables (sea surface temperature, turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration).

Results

White-tailed Tropicbirds showed marked preference for clear and warm sea surface waters, which are indicative of low primary productivity but are likely the best habitat for preying upon flying fish.

Discussion

These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that foraging habitat choices of tropical seabirds may not be driven by primary productivity, as has been widely shown for non-tropical species.
OS EMPRESÁRIOS E A POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL: COMO O PROCLAMADO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO DE QUALIDADE É NEGADO NA PRÁTICA PELOS REFORMADORES EMPRESARIAIS
Authors: Freitas Luiz Carlos de
Published: January 2019

A despeito de que os empresários sempre estiveram tentando interferir com os processos educacionais desde os tempos da teoria do capital humano, o que pode estar havendo de novo que esteja motivando um redobrado interesse do empresariado pela educação? É possível que modificações no processo de desenvolvimento econômico-social dos países, ou as próprias crises do capital, estejam mobilizando os empresários? Acreditamos que sim. O atual interesse dos empresários tem aspectos específicos que merecem ser examinados. Não é recomendável que acreditemos que “a história está se repetindo”. Tal linearidade de análise nos desarmaria para o enfrentamento local das contradições que estão postas por esta nova escalada do capital sobre a educação. A política educacional dos reformadores é produzida para articular a necessidade de se qualificar para as novas formas de organização do trabalho produtivo, ao mesmo tempo que preserva e amplifica as funções sociais clássicas da escola: exclusão e subordinação. Está em jogo o controle político e ideológico da escola, em um momento em que algum grau a mais de acesso ao conhecimento é exigido pelas novas formas de organização do trabalho produtivo, novas exigências de consumo do próprio sistema capitalista e novas pressões políticas por ascensão social via educação. 
Betalains
Authors: Miguel Maria G
Published: January 2019

For long time ago that red beetroot (betalains) has been used as food colouring agent. The development of the organic synthesis led to the production of cheaper food synthetic colorants derived from aniline and other organic compounds that also presenting higher chemical stability and tinctorial strength than natural ones. However, consumers' growing interest in natural products shifted the research goal towards the natural colorants with the objective to improve their chemical stability in diverse food matrices and to find less time‐consuming and more environmental friendly techniques of extraction. Beyond the colouring property of betalains, they exhibit beneficial properties for human health, although their transformations in the organism do not permit explain such biological properties, unless their metabolites also possess activity. This is other research field that starts increasing. Plant and microorganism biotechnology can be a tool for obtaining new natural betalains as well as for enlightening their biosynthetic pathways.

Key Concepts

New data on the betalain biosynthesis.

Betalain bioavailability in animals and humans.

Betalain beneficial properties and their molecular mechanisms.

Betalains as natural pigments.

Encapsulation of betalains.
Thermochemical Insights on Small Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Freitas Vera L. S. , Ribeiro da Silva Maria D. M. C.
Published: January 2019

Along this overview, a comprehensive thermochemical discussion of small nitrogen heterocyclic molecules is presented, based on reliable information obtained by experimental and computational methodologies. Calorimetric data jointly with other data obtained from alternative sources are used to acquire extensive thermochemical information. A brief description is provided on the more common techniques used in the measurement of properties of compounds under analysis, as well as fundaments on methodologies used in computational approaches, to establish alternative strategies to derive data for other species. Data analysis is fundamentally focused on the standard molar enthalpy of formation, an essential thermodynamic parameter to assess the energy associated to chemical reactions or other transformations involving the compounds, also allowing to derive related thermodynamic properties.

This study focuses on neutral, π conjugated, nitrogen heterocyclic five‐membered systems with 1–4 heteroatoms, and some substituted derivatives, complemented by a short discussion on other species having one benzenic ring fused to the heterocycle. Considering its role on chemical structure and reactivity properties, the establishment of intermolecular hydrogen bonding deserved special attention. Complementarily, NH bond dissociation enthalpy values along differentazasystems are analyzed and used on comparing thermodynamic favorability of corresponding bond disruptions.

An enthalpic parameters database for the selected groups of compounds is reportedly commented, gauging about their reliability to be assumed as key values.
Heterostructured Nanocube‐Shaped Binary Sulfide (SnCo)S2 Interlaced with S‐Doped Graphene as a High‐Performance Anode for Advanced Na+ Batteries
Authors: Yang Chenghao , Liang Xinghui , Ou Xing , Zhang Qiaobao , Zheng Hong‐Shen , Zheng Fenghua , Wang Jeng‐Han , Huang Kevin , Liu Meilin
Published: January 2019

Heterostructuring electrodes with multiple electroactive and inactive supporting components to simultaneously satisfy electrochemical and structural requirements has recently been identified as a viable pathway to achieve high‐capacity and durable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here, a new design of heterostructured SIB anode is reported consisting of double metal‐sulfide (SnCo)S2 nanocubes interlaced with 2D sulfur‐doped graphene (SG) nanosheets. The heterostructured (SnCo)S2/SG nanocubes exhibit an excellent rate capability (469 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1) and durability (5000 cycles, 487 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1, 92.6% capacity retention). In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that the (SnCo)S2/SG anode undergoes a six‐stage Na+ storage mechanism of combined intercalation, conversion, and alloying reactions. The first‐principle density functional theory calculations suggest high concentration of p–n heterojunctions at SnS2/CoS2 interfaces responsible for the high rate performance, while in situ transmission electron microscopy unveils that the interlacing and elastic SG nanosheets play a key role in extending the cycle life.
Stability of Quantum Dots, Quantum Dot Films, and Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes for Display Applications
Authors: Moon Hyungsuk , Lee Changmin , Lee Woosuk , Kim Jungwoo , Chae Heeyeop
Published: January 2019

Quantum dots (QDs) are being highlighted in display applications for their excellent optical properties, including tunable bandgaps, narrow emission bandwidth, and high efficiency. However, issues with their stability must be overcome to achieve the next level of development. QDs are utilized in display applications for their photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence. The PL characteristics of QDs are applied to display or lighting applications in the form of color‐conversion QD films, and the electroluminescence of QDs is utilized in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). Studies on the stability of QDs and QD devices in display applications are reviewed herein. QDs can be degraded by oxygen, water, thermal heating, and UV exposure. Various approaches have been developed to protect QDs from degradation by controlling the composition of their shells and ligands. Phosphorescent QDs have been protected by bulky ligands, physical incorporation in polymer matrices, and covalent bonding with polymer matrices. The stability of electroluminescent QLEDs can be enhanced by using inorganic charge transport layers and by improving charge balance. As understanding of the degradation mechanisms of QDs increases and more stable QDs and display devices are developed, QDs are expected to play critical roles in advanced display applications.
Operando Observations and First‐Principles Calculations of Reduced Lithium Insertion in Au‐Coated LiMn2O4
Authors: Bassett Kimberly L. , Warburton Robert E. , Deshpande Siddharth , Fister Timothy T. , Ta Kim , Esbenshade Jennifer L. , Kinaci Alper , Chan Maria K. Y. , Wiaderek Kamila M. , Chapman Karena W. , Greeley Jeffrey P. , Gewirth Andrew A.
Published: January 2019

The deposition of protective coatings on the spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) lithium‐ion battery cathode is effective in reducing Mn dissolution from the electrode surface. Although protective coatings positively affect LMO cycle life, much remains to be understood regarding the interface formed between these coatings and LMO. Using operando powder X‐ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, it is shown that, in comparison to bare LMO, the lattice parameter of a model Au‐coated LMO cathode is significantly reduced upon relithiation. Less charge passes through Au‐coated LMO in comparison to bare LMO, suggesting that the reduced lattice parameter is associated with decreased Li+ solubility in the Au‐coated LMO. Density functional theory calculations show that a more Li+‐deficient near‐surface is thermodynamically favorable in the presence of the Au coating, which may further stabilize these cathodes through suppressing formation of the Jahn–Teller distorted Li2Mn2O4 phase at the surface. Electronic structure and chemical bonding analyses show enhanced hybridization between Au and LMO for delithiated surfaces leading to partial oxidation of Au upon delithiation. This study suggests that, in addition to transition metal dissolution from electrode surfaces, protective coating design must also balance potential energy effects induced by charge transfer at the electrode‐coating interface.
Science Policy Training for a New Physician Leader: Description and Framework of a Novel Climate and Health Science Policy Fellowship
Authors: Lemery Jay , Sorensen Cecilia , Balbus John , Newman Lee , Davis Christopher , Reno Elaine , Salas Renee , Hynes Emilie Calvello
Published: January 2019

The accelerating health impacts of climate change are undermining global health, and the roles of the health sector in addressing the many challenges of climate change are being articulated by governments, multilateral institutions, and professional societies. Given the paucity of physician engagement on this issue to date, there now exists a clear need for health professionals to meet this new challenge with the development and cultivation of new knowledge and skill sets in public health, environmental science, policy, and communication. We describe a novel GME fellowship in climate and health science policy, designed to train a new generation of clinicians to provide the necessary perspective and skills for effective leadership in this field. This fellowship identifies available university resources and leverages external collaborations (government, medical consortiums, affiliate institutions in public health, and environmental science), which we describe as being replicatable to similar training programs of any number of medical specialties and likewise bring meaningful opportunities to their respective training programs and academic departments. The creation of this novel fellowship in climate and health policy provides a roadmap and potential path for similar programs to join us in addressing the defining health issue of this generation and many to follow.
Homoleptic, bis‐ligated magnesium complexes for ring‐opening polymerization of lactide and lactones: Synthesis, structure, polymerization behavior and mechanism studies
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Lu , Wang Bin , Pan Li , Li Yue‐Sheng
Published: January 2019

Bis‐ligated, homoleptic magnesium complexes 1–3 were synthesized through the reaction of 1 equiv. dibutyl magnesium with 2 equiv. β‐ketiminato ligands bearing different substituents on the nitrogen atom and 8 position on benzocyclohexanone. All of the complexes were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X‐ray crystallography. Complexes 2 and 3 adopted distorted tetrahedral geometry around Mg, by chelating of two ancillary ligands, while complex 1 adopted a dimeric structure with penta‐coordination around Mg. These complexes can be used as efficient catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide, ε‐caprolactone, δ‐valerolactone (δ‐VL) and trimethylene carbonate in the presence of alcohol as a co‐initiator. With the increasing steric bulk of the ancillary ligands, the catalytic activity of Mg complexes was improved significantly. Particularly, complex 3 having the largest steric hindrance showed excellent catalytic performance for the polymerization of δ‐VL. It could polymerize 800 equiv. δ‐VL in 10 min, and produce polyvalerolactone with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.2) at 35°C or higher temperature. No transesterification side reaction was observed. Moreover, complex 3 exhibited good tolerance to excessive alcohol and an immortal polymerization characteristic. The mechanism studies by in situ NMR demonstrated a coordination‐insertion process. Besides, it revealed that the steric bulky substituents in the active species derived from the complex and alcohol prevented the metal center from deactivation.
Motivations for self‐archiving on an academic social networking site: A study on researchgate
Authors: Lee Jongwook , Oh Sanghee , Dong Hang , Wang Fang , Burnett Gary
Published: January 2019

This study investigates motivations for self‐archiving research items on academic social networking sites (ASNSs). A model of these motivations was developed based on two existing motivation models: motivation for self‐archiving in academia and motivations for information sharing in social media. The proposed model is composed of 18 factors drawn from personal, social, professional, and external contexts, including enjoyment, personal/professional gain, reputation, learning, self‐efficacy, altruism, reciprocity, trust, community interest, social engagement, publicity, accessibility, self‐archiving culture, influence of external actors, credibility, system stability, copyright concerns, additional time, and effort. Two hundred and twenty‐six ResearchGate users participated in the survey. Accessibility was the most highly rated factor, followed by altruism, reciprocity, trust, self‐efficacy, reputation, publicity, and others. Personal, social, and professional factors were also highly rated, while external factors were rated relatively low. Motivations were correlated with one another, demonstrating that RG motivations for self‐archiving could increase or decrease based on several factors in combination with motivations from the personal, social, professional, and external contexts. We believe the findings from this study can increase our understanding of users' motivations in sharing their research and provide useful implications for the development and improvement of ASNS services, thereby attracting more active users.
A decentralized multivariable controller for hydrostatic wind turbine drivetrain
Authors: Deldar M. , Izadian A. , Anwar S.
Published: January 2019

A hydrostatic drivetrain transmits wind turbine energy to a generator. One hydrostatic transmission system (HTS) configuration utilizes a fixed displacement pump and a variable displacement motor. The system dynamics are captured in a nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output mathematical model. This paper introduces a decentralized control configuration based on this model to achieve two desired objectives: maximizing the harvested energy without direct measurement of wind and regulating the frequency of the generator without using power electronic converters. To accomplish these objectives, suitable pairing of control actuators and system responses are identified through nonlinear relative gain arrays (RGA) analysis. The pairing also provides a strong decoupling of control loops. So maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved independently while the generator speed is regulated to maintain the frequency of generated power at 60 Hz. Simulation results demonstrate robust performance of MPPT and frequency regulation in the presence of uncertainties in the turbine and HTS model. We also demonstrate that the RGA paired input‐out control configuration offers superior performance over other possible input–output paired control configurations.
Evaluation of in‐service residential nutating disc water meter performance
Authors: Mantilla‐Peña Carlos F. , Widdowson Mark A. , Boardman Gregory D.
Published: January 2019

This article reports the experimental evaluation of registry error of in‐service residential water meters and the effects of service time (ST) and volumetric throughput (TP). Nutating disc (ND) meters (413 total, consisting of two models) from a single water system were tested ex situ following AWWA‐recommended test flow rates (TQs). The meters sampled encompassed a range of ST (2–53 years) and TP (0.01–7.65 mil gal). Mean registration error (RE) at TQ ≤ 0.5 gpm was significantly greater for ST > 25 years, independent of TP. Mean RE at TQ = 0.25 gpm was −46.5% and −35.0% for meters with 25 < ST ≤ 33 years and ST ≥ 34 years, respectively. Severe underregistration (RE < −90%) at TQ = 0.25 gpm was observed in 41% and 24% of meters with 25 < ST ≤ 33 years and ST ≥ 34 years, respectively.
Evaluating the impact of rainfall and temperature on wheat dough strength in Western Australia
Authors: Williams Richard M. , Diepeveen Dean A.
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

Western Australian wheat farmers rely on the international market to sell their wheat. One advantage they have in the market place is Australia's reputation for good and reliable wheat quality. However, consecutive years of weaker‐than‐expected dough strength placed specific consistency concerns on Western Australian hard‐grained wheat exports. To investigate why weak dough strength occurred, a multi‐season set of data was compiled. It was made up of quality results from historical crop reports and breeder trials. Recycling of data was an efficient initial step to examine the problem, but to overcome limitations, modeled climate measurements and phenotype information needed to be combined with the quality data to allow mixed model statistics to be used for analysis of the unbalanced data.

Findings

The key findings were three climate measurements linked to weak dough properties as measured by extensograph maximum resistance. A negative relationship between dough strength and rainfall in the period 60 days after flowering, tested as the percentage of total growing season rainfall, was found. Two temperature‐related measurements were identified as having a positive relationship with dough strength. These were the number of consecutive days that had a maximum temperature of ≥28°C and mean daily temperature range occurring during the 60‐day period after flowering.

Conclusions

The combined impact of moisture and temperature levels during the post‐flowering period on wheat dough strength builds on the previous understanding of high temperatures changing dough strength.

Significance and novelty

The recycling of data was a useful first step in understanding a complex issue, and the results provide a reference guide for further research into understanding the interaction between a changing growing environment and important wheat quality parameters.
XAFS Studies of Fe−SiO2 Fischer‐Tropsch Catalyst During Activation in CO, H2, and Synthesis Gas
Authors: Chang Qiang , Li Ke , Zhang Chenghua , Cheruvathur Ajin V. , Zheng Lirong , Yang Yong , Li Yongwang
Published: January 2019

Highly dispersed catalysts are widely used in industry and academia because of their large surface active sites. However, the predominant short‐range ordered structures in catalysts cannot be revealed by bulk characterization tools. The present study chooses a highly dispersed Fe−SiO2 FTS catalyst as a research object and shows how X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) helps to analyze the chemical information (iron composition, reduction degree, and iron valence) and structural information (coordinating atom and coordination number) of catalyst. The activation process of catalysts are detailedly studied under different atmospheres (CO, H2, or 2H2/CO) by using both ex‐situ and in‐situ XAFS. CO activation behaves most effective during the whole process and finally produces the highest content of active iron species compared with H2 and 2H2/CO activation. The coordination number evolution of nearest Fe−O and Fe−C shells around Fe are put forward to understand the activation process. The present study demonstrates how XAFS elaborately reveals the phase transformations of the highly dispersed Fe−SiO2 FTS catalyst.
A Core‐Shell NiFe2O4@SiO2 Structure as a High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qin Getong , Wu Xin , Wen Jianwu , Li Jing , Zeng Min
Published: January 2019

Smart surface coatings composed of transition‐metal oxides are shown to significantly improve the cycling performance of batteries. Currently, most studies are mainly focused on coating materials such as TiO2 and carbon‐based materials. However, these coating materials face significant challenges, including their low capacity and tedious processing. Herein, a simple and novel amorphous SiO2 coating is successfully used on the surface of NiFe2O4 to form a core‐shell structure. When tested as an anode, it delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 2022.3 mAh g−1 and retains a high specific capacity of 1224.6 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C. The superior performance of NiFe2O4@SiO2 is mainly attributed to the SiO2 coatings, which can provide a high capacity, alleviate drastic volume changes in NiFe2O4 and form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. The results demonstrated that SiO2 can be used as a novel coating material to improve the cycling properties of metal oxide materials.
Cu0.33Co0.67S2 Hexagonal Sheets with 2D Hierarchical Structures for High‐Rate and Long‐Term Lithium Storage
Authors: Meng Yu , Hu Linfeng , Liu Handing , Yang Sangpu , Ruan Jiafeng , Wu Haotian , Wang Pei , Song Yun , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang
Published: January 2019

CoS2 has been studied as a promising anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its large capacity and high electrical conductivity. However, CoS2 anodes generally suffer from rapid capacity fading, especially at high rate. Rationally designed morphologies and component tunability offer appropriate approaches to improve its lithium storage performances. Herein, Cu0.33Co0.67S2 ultrathin hexagonal sheets with two‐dimensional (2D) hierarchical structure were firstly prepared through a facile and controllable sulfuration strategy from Cu‐doped cobalt hydroxide sheet precursor. The as‐prepared Cu0.33Co0.67S2 anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 960 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a stable cycling capacity of 550 mAh g−1 even after 2000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performances can mainly be attributed to the special 2D hierarchical structure and the synergistic enhancement effect of copper and cobalt ions, which induces reversible decomposition of partial SEI, high pseudocapacitive contributions and fast faradic reaction kinetics. Binary metal sulfide materials combined with a rational hierarchical structure design could provide a promising method to construct high‐performance anodes for applications in electrochemical energy storage.
MnO Nanoparticles Supported by Carbonized Cotton Fiber Foil as a Free‐Standing Anode for High‐Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Cui Dongming , Pei Yanyan , Zhang Fengxiao , Yuan Liangjie
Published: January 2019

A three‐dimensional (3D) network structure composite of MnO nanoparticles (NPs) and carbonized cotton fiber foil (CCFF) is introduced as an anode material free of binders and conductive additives for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). CCFF with its closely linked networks provides a stable framework for metal oxides and improves the electrical conductivity of the composite. MnO NPs are evenly distributed on the surface of CCFF and concurrently embedded in the carbon matrix through simply annealing the MnO precursor (MnO−P)/cotton fiber foil (CFF) composite. When the obtained MnO/CCFF composite is used as a self‐supporting anode in LIBs, the electrode displays stable cycling performance and superior rate capability, which can be attributed to the close contact between the well‐dispersed MnO NPs and the interlaced carbon fibers. The rational design using CCFF as the current collector in batteries and the carbon substrate to support the active materials could greatly enhance the electronic/ionic transmission channels and effectively relieve the volume expansion of MnO during the electrochemical process. In addition, the self‐standing MnO/CCFF electrode may serve as a template for the design of other metal oxide anode materials supported by carbonized cotton fiber foil for high‐performance LIBs.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 4‐Aminophenol Molecules at the Surface of an FeS2/Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ahmed Jahir , Rakib Riad H. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Siddiquey Iqbal A. , Islam Saiful S. M. , Hasnat Mohammad A.
Published: January 2019

FeS2/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites were synthesized and immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in order to investigate the electrocatalytic conversion of 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) into p‐quinone in an aqueous medium. The reformed electronic properties (in terms of lowering of band‐gap energy and charge‐transfer resistance), as well as improved surface area, result in an enhanced redox reaction of 4‐AP in the presence of FeS2‐CNT NCs compared to that with FeS2 alone. The 4‐AP molecules undergo coupled two‐proton and two‐electron transfer quasi‐reversible redox reactions with a symmetry factor of 0.55 and standard rate constant (k°) of 0.8 cm s−1. Here, quinone imine is generated as an intermediate which is later converted into quinone in an irreversible hydrolysis reaction. The best catalytic performance can be obtained at the pH value of 7.0.
Anastrozole Aromatase Inhibitor Plasma Drug Concentration Genome‐Wide Association Study: Functional Epistatic Interaction Between SLC38A7 and ALPPL2
Authors: Dudenkov Tanda M. , Liu Duan , Cairns Junmei , Devarajan Sandhya , Zhuang Yongxian , Ingle James N. , Buzdar Aman U. , Robson Mark E. , Kubo Michiaki , Batzler Anthony , Barman Poulami , Jenkins Gregory D. , Carlson Erin E. , Goetz Matthew P. , Northfelt Donald W. , Moreno‐Aspitia Alvaro , Desta Zeruesenay , Reid Joel M. , Kalari Krishna R. , Wang Liewei , Weinshilboum Richard M.
Published: January 2019

Anastrozole is a widely prescribed aromatase inhibitor for the therapy of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for plasma anastrozole concentrations in 687 postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer. The top single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signal mapped across SLC38A7 (rs11648166, P = 2.3E‐08), which we showed to encode an anastrozole influx transporter. The second most significant signal (rs28845026, P = 5.4E‐08) mapped near ALPPL2 and displayed epistasis with the SLC38A7 signal. Both of these SNPs were cis expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL)s for these genes, and patients homozygous for variant genotypes for both SNPs had the highest drug concentrations, the highest SLC38A7 expression, and the lowest ALPPL2 expression. In summary, our GWAS identified a novel gene encoding an anastrozole transporter, SLC38A7, as well as epistatic interaction between SNPs in that gene and SNPs near ALPPL2 that influenced both the expression of the transporter and anastrozole plasma concentrations.
Minimize online cheating through proctoring, consequences
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2019

“The myth that many people in the adult online space buy into is that adults don't cheat. And that is what we call, where I'm from, horse hockey,” said Beth Rubin, Ph.D., dean of adult and online education at Campbell University, and an advisory board member for Recruiting & Retaining Adult Learners, a sister publication to Dean & Provost.
Start strong in a new position with a focus on student success
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2019

Vanya Quiñones, university provost and executive vice president for academic affairs at Pace University, starts every workday by saying “This is the day.” She wants her staff to believe that on this day they will help someone or make a positive change. They might help one student, solve a problem that impacts 10 students, or address an issue with a broad impact. “The most important thing to remember is we're helping students,” she tells them.
Cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma with tall cells on ThinPrep liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Baum Jordan E. , Soong Lauren , Scognamiglio Theresa , Margolskee Elizabeth M. , Hoda Rana S. , Rao Rema
Published: January 2019

Background

The tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC‐TC) has been associated with aggressive features including extrathyroidal extension, higher rate of lymph node and distant metastases, and higher recurrence rate. We aimed to evaluate the cytomorphologic features of PTC‐TC on ThinPrep (TP) along with its diagnostic efficacy to detect PTC‐TC.

Methods

Preoperative cytology samples from 30 cases of histologically‐proven PTC‐TC and 30 classical PTC controls were selected for this study. TP preparations were evaluated for varying architectural and cytomorphologic features.

Results

Tall cells were present in the majority of PTC‐TC cases and were located at the periphery of cell clusters and as single cells. Cytoplasmic cuff along the periphery of cell clusters and soap‐bubble pseudoinclusions were very specific features of PTC‐TC, when present. PTC‐TC cases were more likely to show abundant oncocytic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. Cytoplasmic tails were more likely to be present and more numerous in PTC‐TC. The presence of nuclear grooves, papillary architecture, and giant cells were not reliable distinguishing features of PTC‐TC vs controls.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that tall cell cytomorphologic and architectural features in PTC are identifiable on TP.
Messy eaters: Swabbing prey DNA from the exterior of inconspicuous predators when foraging cannot be observed
Authors: Bourbour Ryan P. , Martinico Breanna L. , Crane Megan M. , Hull Angus C. , Hull Joshua M.
Published: January 2019

Complex coevolutionary relationships among competitors, predators, and prey have shaped taxa diversity, life history strategies, and even the avian migratory patterns we see today. Consequently, accurate documentation of prey selection is often critical for understanding these ecological and evolutionary processes. Conventional diet study methods lack the ability to document the diet of inconspicuous or difficult‐to‐study predators, such as those with large home ranges and those that move vast distances over short amounts of time, leaving gaps in our knowledge of trophic interactions in many systems. Migratory raptors represent one such group of predators where detailed diet studies have been logistically challenging. To address knowledge gaps in the foraging ecology of migrant raptors and provide a broadly applicable tool for the study of enigmatic predators, we developed a minimally invasive method to collect dietary information by swabbing beaks and talons of raptors to collect trace prey DNA. Using previously published COI primers, we were able to isolate and reference gene sequences in an open‐access barcode database to identify prey to species. This method creates a novel avenue to use trace molecular evidence to study prey selection of migrating raptors and will ultimately lead to a better understanding of raptor migration ecology. In addition, this technique has broad applicability and can be used with any wildlife species where even trace amounts of prey debris remain on the exterior of the predator after feeding.