bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on the use of existing pump as turbine
Authors: Rakibuzzaman Md , Jung Keum-Young , Suh Sang-Ho
Published: November 2019

Cavitation is an abnormal physical phenomenon which occurs in relatively low–pressure regions in turbomachinery such as pumps and hydraulic turbines. A comparison between the pump and turbine cavitation behavior is a significant and essential process. The work investigates feasibility of turbineusing existing pump and a comparative study of the cavitation characteristics on a centrifugal pump asturbine numerically and experimentally. The current work adopted the Rayleigh–Plesset cavitation model as the source term for inter–phase mass transfer to predict cavitation characteristics.The experimental data were compared with the numerical results and were found to be in good agreement.Results of the comparative study showed that cavitation first occurred at the suction leading edge on the impeller blades and attached cavitation observed on the impeller blade at the lower suction head in pump mode; however, for the turbine mode, the development of vortex cavitation happened at the runner outlet near thetrailing edge on the impeller blades. Also, in the pump, the cavitation became largerfromshroud to the hub and the cavitation rapidly extended from the suction side to the pressure side. On the other hand in the turbine mode, as the cavitation number decreased more vapor bubbles are drawnup at the runner outlet near trailing edge on the blade suction side.
Numerical analysis of a turbocharger compressor
Authors: Hazizi Kristaq , Ramezanpour Ahad , Costall Aaron , Asadi Mehrdad
Published: November 2019

The automotive industry is under obligation to meet regulations for emission control that has resulted in further use of turbochargers in passenger cars to enable downsizing and increase engine power density. In this study, a set of numerical simulations are conducted along two turbocharger compressor speed lines of 150,000 rpm and 80,000 rpm to analyse and validate the results against experimental data. The domain includes the full compressor stage comprising intake, impeller as a Multiple Reference Frame, diffuser and outlet. The k-omega SST turbulence model with three different mesh sizes is used tosolve the compressible flow using ANSYS Fluent software. Three points on each speed-line are selected:one point each in regions close to surge and choke and a point in the stable zone of the compressor map. The simulations predict compressor performance in terms of the total–to–total pressure ratioand total–to–total efficiency. Results reveal the predicted pressure ratio error is in the range of 1-6%. At 150,000 rpm the pressure ratio is underpredicted for the point close to the surgebut overpredicted for the point close to the choke. However, the pressure ratio results are within 1% difference for 80,000 rpm. In all cases, the predicted efficiency increased when a finer mesh is used.While results are close to the experimental data in both the surge and stable areas of the map, the efficiency wasoverpredicted up to 20% in the region close to the choke. In conclusion, the finer mesh leads to higher pressure ratio and efficiency values that overpredict the performance, especially for the pointclose to choke.
Behavior of condensed droplets growth and jumping on superhydrophobic surface
Authors: Gao Sihang , Chu Fuqiang , Zhang Xuan , Wu Xiaomin
Published: November 2019

Droplets on the superhydrophobic surface can fall off the surface spontaneously, which greatly promote dropwise condensation. This study considers a continuous droplet condensation process including droplet growth and droplet jumping. A droplet growth model considered NCG is developed and droplet jumping is simulated using VOF (Volume Of Fluid) model. Al–based superhydrophobic surfaces are prepared using chemical deposition and etching method. The Al-based superhydrophobic surface has a contact angle of 157°±1° and a rolling angle of 2°±1°. An observation experiment is designed to observe droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surface using a high– speed camera system. The result of droplet growth model shows a good match with experimental data in mid-term of droplet growth. Fordroplet jumping, simulation and experiment results show that droplet jumping of different diameter hasa universality in a non–dimensional form. The jumping process can be divided into 3 stages and droplet vibration is observed.
Prediction of Roughness Effects on Wind Turbine Aerodynamics
Authors: Benim Ali Cemal , Diederich Michael
Published: November 2019

Wind turbines may suffer power loss after a long operation period due to degradation of the surface structure around the leading edge, by accumulation of contaminants and/or by erosion. For understanding the underlying physics, and validating the available prediction methods, the aerodynamics of smooth and artificially roughened airfoil profiles are investigated by different modelling procedures. A spectrum of turbulence models are applied encompassing RANS, URANS and DES. Two approaches are used to model the roughness. In one approach, the roughness is not geometrically resolved but its effect is modelled via the wall-functions of the turbulence models. In the alternative approach, the roughness structures are geometrically resolved, which necessitates a three-dimensional formulation, whereas the wallfunctions based approach may also be applied in two-dimensions. Computational results are compared with the experimental results of other authors, and the predictive capability of different modelling procedures are assessed.
Relaminarization of a hot air impingement on a flat plate
Authors: Kaewbumrung Mongkol , Plengsa-ard Chalermpol
Published: November 2019

The research mainly focuses on a numerical analysis for heat transfer in the transition flow regimes. The simulation is presented by using ANSYS-FLUENT and Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) technique is employed in order to simulate the complex flow fields. The turbulent jet which impinges on the flat plate with a constant surface heat fluxes is tested. The average Nusselt number predictions are also calculate and compared with existing measurement results. The jet Reynolds number is set to 23,000 which based on jet nozzle diameter, while a jet-toplate spacing of H/D is fixed at 2.0. The turbulence models evaluated in the present study are one equation Spalart Allmaras (SA) model, k-ɛ, shear stress transport (SST) k-ω and SST with transition model. It can be summarized that the SA, k-ɛ, and SST k-ω models fail to calculate the global trend of the instantaneous simulated Nusselt number profiles. Only the simulated results from the SST with transition model provides agree fairly well with experimental results. Moreover, the first highest point of predicted Nusselt number are close to the stagnation point and decrease monotonically in the radial direction within the wall jet region. The second peak of Nusselt number prediction is also observed, and the RANS simulations can capture the relaminarization mechanisms within the boundary layer near walls.
Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Channel Flow with a Moving Indentation
Authors: Sonawane C R , More Y B , Pandey Anand
Published: November 2019

The FSI problem - unsteady channel flow with a moving indentation problem, which represents flow features of oscillating stenosis of a blood vessel, is numerically simulated. The flow inside the channel with moving boundary results in transient and complex flow phenomena mainly due to the interaction between the moving boundary and the flowing fluid. In this paper, an accurate Harten Lax and van Leer with contact for artificial compressibility Riemann solver have been used for flow computation. The Riemann solver is modified to incorporate Arbitrarily Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation in order to take care of mesh movement in the computation, where radial basis function is used for dynamically moving the mesh. Higher order accuracy over unstructured meshes is achieved using quadratic solution reconstruction based on solution dependent weighted least squares (SDWLS). The present numerical scheme is validated here and the numerical results are found to agree with experimental results reported in literature.
Restrictions on seismic impact of blast in the open-pit border zone at the open-pit and combined mining
Authors: Kutuev Vyacheslav , Zharikov Sergey
Published: November 2019

The combined mining under the condition of underground mining in the aquifer rock mass of the open-pit sides raises an acute issue of joint drill-and-blast works (D&B). The construction of an underground mine begins normally with the approach of the open-pit mine depth to the final marks. In this situation, if there is a volume for the cutback, it is very small, and the blast works come close to the limit open-pit contour, behind which the protected rock mass is located and in the future the underground mining is supposed to be carried out. The main task in the drill-and-blast works under such conditions is to preserve the stability of this rock mass. The well-timed shielding of the blast and creating the fracture surfaces by the trim blasting reduce the negative impact of the blast on the open-pit side, but do not always prevent the propagation of stress waves caused by the seismic effect along the rock mass. Therefore, restriction of the seismic effect of blast in the border zone is as important for the stability of the rock mass as professional deviated contour holes.
The principles of complexed multi-scale geodynamic monitoring of natural and technogenic processes
Authors: Anikin Pavel , Fedotova Iuliia , Kursakin Gennady , Lomov Mikhail
Published: November 2019

The principles of complexed geodynamic monitoring on the basis of long-term experience and research results of natural and man-made processes in the uranium deposits of the Streltsovsky ore province are proposed. The principles are to use simultaneously regular satellite, geodetical, seismical, geophysical, geological, and a number of other observations aimed at studying the upper part of the earth's crust. In the world’s mining practice, such large-scale integrated studies, where within the boundaries of one territory (a group of deposits or ore provinces) a similar set of observations aimed at monitoring geodynamic processes in the upper part of the earth's crust has not been found. The development of monitoring methods at the “Geodynamic polygon of the Streltsovsky ore field” and the additional placement of new multi-level monitoring systems will provide more information about the state of the rock mass in the upper part of the earth's crust, increase the reliability in prediction of dangerous geodynamic manifestations, identify their precursors and reduce the risk of man-made disasters. It is planned to create a common centre for processing and analysis of multiparameter data on geodynamic processes in the depth of the rock mass and local geomechanical processes near underground mine workings.
Développer les compétences en recherche chez les étudiants en médecine : une intervention éducative d’apprentissage en équipe
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Cambier Carole , Zhang Yong , Detroz Pascal , Farnir Frédéric , Gustin Catherine , Dhem Annick , Vandeweerd Jean-Michel , Gustin Pascal
Published: November 2019

Contexte : Les programmes d’enseignement médical de premier cycle devraient renforcer le développement des compétences de recherche. But : Mesurer l’impact d’une intervention éducative d’apprentissage en équipe, basée sur trois sessions de 180 minutes et visant à améliorer, chez les étudiants, les compétences nécessaires à la rédaction d’un projet de recherche. Méthodes : L’intervention pédagogique a été conçue selon la procédure d’apprentissage en équipe (Team-Based Learning (TBL)). Le travail était partagé entre les différents groupes dont les ressources respectives ont été mises en commun pour produire un projet de recherche unique et original. Des enquêtes ont permis d’évaluer le niveau de satisfaction des étudiants. Le développement des compétences a été mesuré, en aveugle, par un évaluateur externe indépendant du processus de formation. L’évaluation était basée sur la notation de 12 critères et a été effectuée sur (1) des projets collaboratifs rédigés avant et après la formation et (2) des projets individuels et de groupe, rédigés après la formation. Résultats : La formation a un impact positif sur le développement des compétences en recherche chez la plupart des étudiants et leur est utile pour leurs futurs stages de recherche. Les compétences nécessaires à la rédaction d’un projet collaboratif ont été améliorées après la formation. La capacité à rédiger un projet individuel a également été bonifiée. Certains points de difficulté ont toutefois été mis en évidence. Conclusion : L’intervention éducative apparaît comme une méthode appropriée permettant le développement des compétences spécifiques nécessaires à la rédaction d’un projet de recherche, y compris lorsque le temps disponible pour l’intervention éducative est limité.
Wo man durch Zufall Ergo wird – Ergotherapie in Ghana
Authors: Schiewack Michael
Published: November 2019

2005 reiste Michael Schiewack nach Ghana und arbeitete dort für ein Jahr in einem Akutkrankenhaus. Diese Zeit prägte ihn nachhaltig – und lässt ihn bis heute, fast 15 Jahre später, immer noch nicht los. Für ergopraxis nutzte er seine alten Kontakte und erfuhr, was sich in Ghana seitdem in Sachen Ergotherapie getan hat.
Schnell in die Therapie einsteigen – Neurologische Rehabilitation in Modulen
Authors: Lücke Maren , Beeser Elisabeth
Published: November 2019

In der St. Mauritius Therapieklinik in Nordrhein-Westfalen schätzen die Therapeuten die Fähigkeiten und Einschränkungen der Patienten schnell und strukturiert ein. Das Ziel: geeignete Therapieangebote innerhalb kürzester Zeit.
Lernfreie Zeit berücksichtigen – Rehabilitationsfelder der HoDT
Authors: Stelz Nicola
Published: November 2019

Klienten können sich nicht permanent mit ihren Einschränkungen beschäftigen. In der Reha wird das manchmal vernachlässigt. Wie wichtig es aber ist, dass Therapeuten ihren Klienten Zeiten zugestehen, in denen sie „einfach sein können“, zeigen die Rehabilitationsfelder der „Handlungsorientierten Diagnostik und Therapie (HoDT)“.
Transanal Surgery: A History of taTME Ancestry
Authors: Izquierdo Kevin M. , Salem Jean F. , Cha Esther , Unal Ece , Marks John H.
Published: November 2019

Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is the culmination of major developments in rectal cancer management and minimally invasive surgery. This surgical breakthrough holds great promise and excitement for the care of the rectal cancer patient. We would be remiss in discussing taTME to not acknowledge the role of transanal abdominal transanal proctosigmoidectomy, transanal endoluminal microsurgery, laparoscopy, and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery that got us to this modern day explosion of the taTME approach. In this article, we detail and explain the convergence of these disparate experiences, how they culminated in the development of the taTME, and explore future directions in this field.
Accuracy of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Presence of Direct Oral Factor Xa or Thrombin Inhibitors in Urine—A Multicenter Trial
Authors: Harenberg Job , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Crowther Mark , Douxfils Jonathan , Elalamy Ismail , Verhamme Peter , Bauersachs Rupert , Hetjens Svetlana , Weiss Christel ,   Working Group Members
Published: November 2019

The rapid determination of the presence of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in a patient remains a major challenge in emergency medicine and for rapid medical treatment decisions. All DOACs are excreted into urine. A sensitive and specific point-of-care test has been developed to determine whether they are present in patient urine samples. This prospective multicenter study aimed to demonstrate at least 95% correct positive and negative predictive results for factor Xa and thrombin inhibitors in urine samples using DOAC Dipstick pads compared with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (NCT03182829). Nine hundred and fourteen subjects were included and 880 were evaluated per protocol (factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban: n = 451, thrombin inhibitor dabigatran: n = 429) at 18 centers. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive values and agreement between methods for determination of factor Xa inhibitors were at least noninferior to 95% with a 0.5% margin and of thrombin inhibitor superior to 97.5%. These results were compared with LC-MS/MS results in the intention-to-analyze cohort (all p < 0.05). The receiver operating curve showed c-values of 0.989 (factor Xa inhibitors) and 0.995 (thrombin inhibitor). Visual evaluation of the factor Xa and thrombin inhibitor pads was not different between centers. Qualitative determination of both types of DOACs was accurate using the DOAC Dipstick compared with using LC-MS/MS. The high predictive values may impact laboratory and clinical decision-making processes.
Transcanal Computed Tomography Views for Transcanal Endoscopic Lateral Skull Base Surgery: Pilot Cadaveric Study
Authors: Lubner Rory J. , Barber Samuel R. , Knoll Renata M. , Kempfle Judith , Lee Daniel J. , Reinshagen Katherine L. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Kozin Elliott D.
Published: November 2019

Objective Transcanal endoscopic operative approaches provide for a minimally invasive surgical portal to the lateral skull base. Traditional preoperative imaging evaluation involves computed tomography (CT) acquisition in the axial and coronal planes that are not optimized for the transcanal surgical corridor. Herein, we describe a novel CT-based “transcanal view” for preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative navigation.

Study Design Present study is a cadaveric imaging study.

Methods Cadaveric temporal bones (n = 6) from three specimens underwent high-resolution CT (0.625 mm slice thickness). Using three-dimensional (3D) Slicer 4.8, reformatted “transcanal” views in the plane of the external auditory canal (EAC) were created. Axial and coronal reformats were used to compare and measure distances between anatomic structures in the plane of the EAC.

Results The degree of oblique tilt for transcanal CT reformats was 6.67 ± 1.78 degrees to align the EAC in axial and coronal planes. Anticipated critical landmarks were identified easily using the transcanal view. Mean values were 8.68 ± 0.38 mm for annulus diameter, 9.5 ± 0.93 mm for isthmus diameter, 10.27 ± 0.73 mm for distance between annulus and isthmus, 2.95 ± 0.13 mm for distance between annulus and stapes capitulum, 5.12 ± 0.35 mm for distance between annulus and mastoid facial nerve, and 19.54 ± 1.22 mm for EAC length.

Conclusion This study is the first to illustrate a novel “transcanal” CT sequence intended for endoscopic lateral skull base surgery. Future studies may address how incorporation of a transcanal CT reformat may influence surgical decision making.
Generation of perfusable hollow calcium alginate microfibers with a double co-axial flow capillary microfluidic device
Authors: Gao Chongjian , Wang Xuedong , Du Qian , Tang Junying , Jiang Jiahuan
Published: November 2019

This paper describes a highly controllable method to generate hollow calcium alginate microfibers using a double co-axial flow microdevice. The microdevice was fabricated by concentric assembly of two modules; each module consisted of a shortened cone-pulled glass capillary embedded in a polymethylmethacrylate fluidic block. Using this microdevice, cylindrical hollow calcium alginate microfibers with either straight or helical inner walls were stably and continuously generated. The radii of the hollow microfibers were not arbitrary, and in fact, the ratio of the outer to inner diameter was inversely correlated with the combination of core flow rate and the first sheath flow rate. The relationships between the geometrical features of the helix and the flow rates were also analyzed. The helical pitch and the spiral radius of the helical hollow microfibers were strongly influenced by the second sheath flow rate. Finally, guidelines for generating highly controllable straight and helical hollow microfibers and fabricating a seamless flow connector using this microfluidic device are suggested.
Optimal ratchet current for elastically interacting particles
Authors: da Silva Rafael M. , Manchein Cesar , Beims Marcus W.
Published: November 2019

In this work, we show that optimal ratchet currents of two interacting particles are obtained when stable periodic motion is present. By increasing the coupling strength between identical ratchet maps, it is possible to find, for some parametric combinations, current reversals, hyperchaos, multistability, and duplication of the periodic motion in the parameter space. Besides that, by setting a fixed value for the current of one ratchet, it is possible to induce a positive/negative/null current for the whole system in certain domains of the parameter space.
Genetic LAMP2 deficiency accelerates the age-associated formation of basal laminar deposits in the retina
Authors: Notomi Shoji , Ishihara Kenji , Efstathiou Nikolaos E. , Lee Jong-Jer , Hisatomi Toshio , Tachibana Takashi , Konstantinou Eleni K. , Ueta Takashi , Murakami Yusuke , Maidana Daniel E. , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Kume Shinji , Terasaki Hiroto , Sonoda Shozo , Blanz Judith , Young Lucy , Sakamoto Taiji , Sonoda Koh-Hei , Saftig Paul , Ishibashi Tatsuro , Miller Joan W. , Kroemer Guido , Vavvas Demetrios G.
Published: November 2019

Significance

Extracellular tissue debris accumulates with aging and in the most prevalent central-vision-threatening eye disorder, age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this work, we discovered that lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2), a glycoprotein that plays a critical role in lysosomal biogenesis and maturation of autophagosomes/phagosomes, is preferentially expressed in the outermost, neuroepithelial layer of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and contributes to the prevention of ultrastructural changes in extracellular basolaminar deposits including lipids and apolipoproteins. LAMP2 thus appears to play an important role in RPE biology, and its apparent decrease with aging and in AMD specimens suggests that its deficiency may accelerate the basolaminar deposit formation and RPE dysfunction seen in these conditions.
Trial planting.
Authors: Sitepu B. , Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Widodo P. , Forster B. P. , Purba A. R.
Published: November 2019

A brief introduction to selection is given. This is based on a natural process, but breeders aim to accelerate it by screening selected palms within and between genotypes or progenies under field conditions. Breeding is only effective if the trait of interest is controlled genetically (traits that are strongly influenced by the environment are better controlled by agronomy and husbandry). Screening is traditionally done by phenotypic scoring of plant performance in the field (e.g. by measuring yield), but, increasingly, traits may be selected for by DNA screening (genotypic selection). The advent of DNA screening now means that an increasing number of traits can be screened for at the seedling stage and selections can be made in the nursery (e.g. for shell thickness). Thus, field trialling can be more focused (e.g. tenera-only trials) and material of no interest eliminated (e.g. sterile pisiferas). DNA analyses can also aid in cross-selection (e.g. in conservative breeding - elite × elite crosses - or more speculative breeding - elite × wild, or wild × wild crosses), and provide a balance between the two. Once a breeding programme has been developed it needs to be coordinated so that material (from various crosses) is available for seed processing, nursery plant production and simultaneous field planting. In anticipation of this, a trial design needs to be considered (finalised when the material is realised) so that field preparations (appropriate land designated, clearance of previous crops, fallow, ploughing, plotting, drainage, etc.) and a field layout implemented. Various trial designs are discussed, and recommendations made depending on trial objectives and available materials.
Recording.
Authors: Sitepu B. , Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Widodo P. , Forster B. P. , Purba A. R.
Published: November 2019

Careful recording is an important component of field trialling. In addition to the target traits of interest, all conditions that appear during the trial should be recorded as well as anything unusual or noteworthy. All the data are used in assessing the value of the materials being tested. Recording methods may differ among oil palm research stations. However, some methods are commonly used and these are described in this chapter. Scored traits include yield and yield components (including bunch and oil analysis), growth (height increment), occurrence of common pests, diseases and physiological disorders, nutrient deficiencies and toxicities. New traits include those that can be exploited in developing mechanical harvesting systems in oil palm (fruit colour, long bunch stalks and late fruit abscission or the opposite - total fruit abscission).
Ganoderma trials.
Authors: Sitepu B. , Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Widodo P. , Forster B. P. , Purba A. R.
Published: November 2019

Ganoderma is the most important disease of oil palm in Southeast Asia. Resistance/tolerance to Ganoderma is therefore a major target for breeders and for field trialling. Methods for setting up and carrying out Ganoderma field trials are provided. Land preparation procedures are similar to those described in Chapter 4, with important exceptions - these are mainly to maximise disease infection in the trial and thus sanitation methods such as the removal of roots in the soil are not deployed because natural disease sources need to be maintained. Scoring disease incidence and severity in Ganoderma trials normally takes up to eight years from setting up the trial. As yet, little is known about the genetics of Ganoderma resistance and thus field trialling is the acid test in screening for improved responses to this devastating disease.
Biological membranes in EV biogenesis, stability, uptake, and cargo transfer: an ISEV position paper arising from the ISEV membranes and EVs workshop
Authors: Russell Ashley E. , Sneider Alexandra , Witwer Kenneth W. , Bergese Paolo , Bhattacharyya Suvendra N. , Cocks Alexander , Cocucci Emanuele , Erdbrügger Uta , Falcon‐Perez Juan M. , Freeman David W. , Gallagher Thomas M. , Hu Shuaishuai , Huang Yiyao , Jay Steven M. , Kano Shin‐ichi , Lavieu Gregory , Leszczynska Aleksandra , Llorente Alicia M. , Lu Quan , Mahairaki Vasiliki , Muth Dillon C. , Hooten Nicole Noren , Ostrowski Matias , Prada Ilaria , Sahoo Susmita , Schøyen Tine Hiorth , Sheng Lifu , Tesch Deanna , Van Niel Guillaume , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Verweij Frederik J. , Villar Ana V. , Wauben Marca , Wehman Ann M. , Yin Hang , Carter David Raul Francisco , Vader Pieter
Published: November 2019

Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of EVs are their delimiting lipid bilayer membranes. To evaluate research progress on membranes and EVs, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) conducted a workshop in March 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, bringing together key opinion leaders and hands‐on researchers who were selected on the basis of submitted applications. The workshop was accompanied by two scientific surveys and covered four broad topics: EV biogenesis and release; EV uptake and fusion; technologies and strategies used to study EV membranes; and EV transfer and functional assays. In this ISEV position paper, we synthesize the results of the workshop and the related surveys to outline important outstanding questions about EV membranes and describe areas of consensus. The workshop discussions and survey responses reveal that while much progress has been made in the field, there are still several concepts that divide opinion. Good consensus exists in some areas, including particular aspects of EV biogenesis, uptake and downstream signalling. Areas with little to no consensus include EV storage and stability, as well as whether and how EVs fuse with target cells. Further research is needed in these key areas, as a better understanding of membrane biology will contribute substantially towards advancing the field of extracellular vesicles.
Direct ZnO X-Ray Detector with Tunable Sensitivity*
Authors: Liang Hui-Li , Cui Shu-Juan , Huo Wen-Xing , Wang Tao , Zhang Yong-Hui , Quan Bao-Gang , Du Xiao-Long , Mei Zeng-Xia
Published: November 2019

Direct ZnO x-ray detectors with tunable sensitivity are realized by delicately controlling the oxygen flux during the sputtering deposition process. The photocurrents induced by x-rays from a 40 kV x-ray tube with a Cu anode increase apparently as the oxygen flux decreases, which is attributed to the introduction of Vo detects. By introducing Vo defects, the annihilation rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs will be greatly slowed down, leading to a remarkable photoconductive gain. This finding informs a novel way to design the x-ray detectors based on abundant oxide materials.
Parameters of Isotope Shifts for 2s2p 3,1P1 → 2s2
1S0 Transitions in Heavy Be-Like Ions*
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Liu Jian-Peng , Li Ji-Guang , Zou Hong-Xin
Published: November 2019

The field shift and mass shift parameters of the 2s2p 3,1P1 → 2s2
1S0 transitions in Be-like ions (70 ≤ Z ≤ 92) are calculated using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and the relativistic configuration interaction methods with the inclusion of the Breit interaction and the leading QED corrections. We find that the mass shift parameters of these two transitions do not change monotonously along the isoelectronic sequence in the high-Z range due to the relativistic nuclear recoil effects. A minimum value exists for the specific mass shift parameters around Z = 80, especially for the 2s2p 3P1 → 2s2
1S0 transition. In addition, the field shifts and mass shifts of these two transitions are estimated using an empirical formula, and their contributions are compared along the isoelectronic sequence.
Marginal climate and air quality costs of aviation emissions
Authors: Grobler Carla , Wolfe Philip J , Dasadhikari Kingshuk , Dedoussi Irene C , Allroggen Florian , Speth Raymond L , Eastham Sebastian D , Agarwal Akshat , Staples Mark D , Sabnis Jayant , Barrett Steven R H
Published: November 2019

Aviation emissions have been found to cause 5% of global anthropogenic radiative forcing and ∼16 000 premature deaths annually due to impaired air quality. When aiming to reduce these impacts, decision makers often face trade-offs between different emission species or impacts in different times and locations. To inform rational decision-making, this study computes aviation’s marginal climate and air quality impacts per tonne of species emitted and accounts for the altitude, location, and chemical composition of emissions. Climate impacts are calculated using a reduced-order climate model, and air quality-related health impacts are quantified using marginal atmospheric sensitivities to emissions from the adjoint of the global chemistry-transport model GEOS-Chem in combination with concentration response functions and the value of statistical life. The results indicate that 90% of the global impacts per unit of fuel burn are attributable to cruise emissions, and that 64% of all damages are the result of air quality impacts. Furthermore, nitrogen oxides (NO
x
), carbon dioxide (CO2), and contrails are collectively responsible for 97% of the total impact. Applying our result metrics to an example, we find that a 20% NOx stringency scenario for new aircraft would reduce the net atmospheric impacts by 700 m USD during the first year of operation, even if the NO
x
emission reductions cause a small increase in CO2 emissions of 2%. In such a way, the damage metrics can be used to rapidly evaluate the atmospheric impacts of market growth as well as emissions trade-offs of aviation-related policies or technology improvements.
Characterization of standardized breath sampling for off-line field use
Authors: Harshman Sean W , Pitsch Rhonda L , Davidson Christina N , Scott Alexander M , Hill Elizabeth M , Smith Zachary K , Strayer Kraig E , Schaeublin Nicole M , Wiens Taylor L , Brothers Michael C , Slusher Grant M , Steele Megan L , Geier Brian A , Fan Maomian , Drummond Leslie A , Martin Jennifer A
Published: November 2019

Due to several sources of potential variability associated with exhaled breath bag sampling procedures for off-line analysis, the Respiration Collector for in vitro Analysis (ReCIVA) sampler was developed. Although designed to improve upon several pitfalls of sampling with exhaled breath bags, the ReCIVA remains a minimally studied research tool. In this manuscript, several attributes of the ReCIVA sampler are investigated among three individual tests, such as background contamination, control software version, performance of different adsorbent tubes, duplicate sample production, and comparison to exhaled breath bags. The data shows greater than a 58% reduction in background siloxanes can be achieved with submersion of ReCIVA masks in ethyl alcohol or baking the masks at a high temperature (200 °C). The results illustrate the ReCIVA control software version plays a key role in the flow rates applied to thermal desorption (TD) tubes. Using exhaled isoprene as a representative analyte, the data suggest duplicate samples among ReCIVA pump banks can be achieved using two different thermal desorption tubes, Tenax TA and Tenax/Carbograph 5TD, when using an updated control software and manually calibrating the ReCIVA pumps to uniform flow rates (Tenax p = 0.3869, 5TD p = 0.3131). Additionally, using the updated control software and manual ReCIVA flow calibration, the data suggest the ReCIVA can produce statistically similar results among TD tube types (p = 0.3824) and compared to standard exhaled breath bags (p = 0.1534). Collectively, these results establish a method for manually calibrating the flow of the ReCIVA device to allow for the most consistent results. These data support further experimentation into the use of the ReCIVA sampler for exhaled breath research.
Application of BIM Technology in Calculation of a Residential Building
Authors: Li Shenya , Yu Yingxia
Published: November 2019

This article summarizes some disadvantages that arise when not using BIM technology modeling to make engineering budgets. For example, traditional calculations are calculated manually by using two-dimensional maps so that the efficiency is low, repetitive modeling rates are high by using general modeling software to modeling, and the reuse rate of the built model is low, the model is not built accurately, and the model information cannot be shared. All the above disadvantages lead to inaccurate calculation of the engineering, and in the whole process of construction of the engineering, the participants of each engineering cannot contact and coordinate the work closely, resulting in serious waste of resources and seriously harming the interests of all parties so that the construction progress of the project is seriously affected. However, using the model built by BIM calculation software to solve the above problems can effectively solve the above problems, and make a great contribution to the development and innovation of engineering cost.
Research on Temporal-spatial Changes of the Construction Land Expansion in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Xue Yun , Liu Jianglong , Sun Yurong , Yang Yuting
Published: November 2019

The construction land changes from 1994 to 2013 in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan are monitored by using multi-period Landsat images in the paper. The characteristics and laws of construction land expansion in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan are analyzed by using the construction land index of expansion speed, expansion intensity index, quadrant buffer analysis, and gravity transfer model. The results show that: (1) the construction land of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area increased linearly in the past 20 years. The construction land expansion area is the largest and the expansion intensity is the biggest in 2009-2013. (2) The construction land area showed a trend of accelerating expansion in the 8 quadrant direction between 1994-2013 years. The expansion direction occurs mainly in the seventh, third, fourth quadrant. (3) The urban gravity center shifted southward obviously in Changsha and moved fastest in Zhuzhou and slowest in Changsha.
Study on the key parameters and settlement regularities for flexible-piled composite foundation
Authors: Liu Wanfeng , Yang Yongdong , lv Yuanfang
Published: November 2019

The flexible-piled composite foundation is one of common processing ways to treat with soft subgrade. The parameters are discussed to improve the accuracy of settlement deformation calculation. Soil deformation parameters and misuses of settlement calculation parameters are analyzed by the theory method and finite element method (FEM). Based on the mechanism of deformation of lime-soil piles, the relationship between stress and strain of pile and soil is analyzed. Meanwhile, calculating key parameters of effective pile length, composite modulus and additional stress are proposed by the theory method. At last an engineering example is descried to explain their application.
Subsidence inhibiting effect of recharge in floodplain area near Yangtze River
Authors: Xiangdong Song , Chengsong Qu
Published: November 2019

The excavation of pit and the dewatering during the excavation leads to evident subsidence of surrounding buildings and structures. Groundwater recharge during the construction of Heyan-road-crossing-river-passage shows a clear subsidence inhibiting effect even though the work site is only 500 meters away from Yangtze River. Totally 217 recharge wells were arranged around the pit and the average recharge rate was about 2m3 per hour. The subsidence inhibiting effect of recharge can decrease the environment risk caused by pit construction.
The water resources supporting capacity for the new-type urbanization of Gansu Province, China
Authors: Wu Cuifang , Yi Haiying
Published: November 2019

The entropy evaluation method was used to measure the urbanization system and water resources system respectively. The supporting capacity between urbanization and water resources was measured by using the compound coordination model. The research result showed that the supporting capacity of the water resources system to the new-type urbanization development of Gansu Province was continuously increasing from 2000 to 2013. But the overall supporting capacity of water resource system to new-type urbanization of Gansu Province showed a fluctuating declining trend from 2014 to 2017, indicating that the contradiction between new-type urbanization and water resources began to appear with the acceleration of urbanization construction. The supporting capacity of water resources in all regions of Gansu Province was at a low level and the supporting capacity of most regions was undesirable. The relationship between the supporting capacity of water resources in Gansu Province and time series showed a inverted U-shape curve. The supporting capacity of the future water resources will continuously decrease, indicating that the contradiction between new-type urbanization and water resources will be further upgraded.
Effect of active control of indoor gas flow field on the efficiency of air purifier
Authors: Liu Yi , He Lizhen
Published: November 2019

In this paper, it is proposed to use electric fan to actively control the indoor gas flow field to improve the ability of an air purifier to capture PM2.5 and other fine particles. For this purpose, an indoor physical model formed by a room, an air purifier and an electric fan is established and the simulation software Fluent is used to simulate the gas flow field distribution and PM2.5 particle tracking. The control method of the electric fan based on periodic rectangular wave is adopted to control and maintain the steady and conducive indoor gas flow field distribution for gathering particle pollutants into the air purifier’s inlet. The simulation results show that the active control method of gas flow field can improve the purification speed and effectiveness of air purifier, and the simulation results are verified by actual test of the purification process of PM2.5 particles in an enclosed room. It provides an economical, practical and effective method to improve indoor air quality.
Measurement and Analysis of Silicone Oil Characteristics and Viscosity-Temperature Index
Authors: Zhai Shufeng , Song Liming , Lv Xiaojing
Published: November 2019

This paper introduces the shear resistance, viscous-temperature characteristics and thermal expansion characteristics of silicone oil. According to the physical and chemical properties of silicone oil, the viscosity of silicone oil is tested through experiments, and the viscous-temperature characteristic curve of the sample is obtained. The degree of the decrease of the viscosity of silicone oil with the increase of the temperature of silicone oil is quantified. It is important to study the calculation method of slip difference of silicone oil fan clutch and the surface temperature of the shell.
Effect of On-Tree Storage on Fruit Quality of Three Pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) Cultivars
Authors: Wang Yan , He Wen , Fu Xiaoke , Chen Qing , Wang Xiaorong
Published: November 2019

In this study, to provide basis for postharvest storage, the effect of on-tree and indoor storage on fruit quality of three pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) cultivars was evaluated. We compared the fruit quality by these two storage methods. For external fruit quality, peel thickness decreased significantly with the increase of indoor storage times. The granulation index of on-tree fruits reached the maximum value of 0.63 in ‘Hungjinmiyou’ for 90 days. After 90 days for on-tree storage, three pummelo cultivars started to reveal storage taste. The remaining index such as weight per fruit, fruit shape index, segment and edible rate revealed no obvious change trends between on-tree and indoor storage methods. There were no obvious change trends in the content of total soluble solid, reaching the maximum value of 11.12%, 10.87%, and 11.17% for 60 or 90 days for on-tree storage. While for indoor storage, TSS content revealed a decrease - rise - decrease trend. Vitamin C and sugar contents decreased with the increase of on-tree storage times. The flesh chromatism of on-tree fruits turned to light red in ‘Sanhongmiyou’ and ‘Hongroumiyou’, while it kept stable with orange- yellow in ‘Huangjinmiyou’. Taking external and internal fruit quality into consideration, it is better to store for 90 days on-tree and indoor for ‘Sanhongmiyou’ and ‘Hongroumiyou’, 60 days for ‘Huangjinmiyou’, respectively. By comparison, fruits on-tree storage showed better quality than that by indoor storage.
Study on Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Yu Teng , Linshi Jiang , Miao Yu , Guizhou Gu , Zheng Li
Published: November 2019

Biological aerated filter (BAF) is a simple and efficient low-consumption urban wastewater treatment technology in line with China’s national conditions, with the characteristics of land area, high treatment efficiency and convenient operation and management. In this paper, the experimental research and theoretical analysis of BAF treatment of domestic sewage are carried out. The results show that the time required to start the hanging film of BAF is short, and the removal rate of COD and NH4-N is stable at about 75% and 60% respectively after about 24 days. When the aeration 0.25m3/h was maintained, the average removal rate of COD reached 88.73%, the average removal rate of NH4-N reached 65.49%, and the average removal rate of TP was 89.98%.
Study on the Development of anhydrous Port in Jinan City
Authors: Meng Xiangru , Sun Jianmeng , Wang Haining
Published: November 2019

The construction of anhydrous port in Jinan is very beneficial to its economic development. Anhydrous port is the product of high speed economic operation, and it is an important tool for the efficient development of economy.In order to develop rapidly, economy must be equipped with corresponding and efficient tools. Anhydrous port is like the Internet for economic development, can not lack. This paper expounds the important role of anhydrous port in promoting regional linkage opening; This paper analyzes the economic and geographical advantages of the development of Jinan anhydrous port. The evaluation method of AHP-Fuzzy combination is used to evaluate Jinan anhydrous port.
Progress Research on Treatment Methods of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater
Authors: Chen Yuchao , Zhang Yiming , Yuan Yuhang , Li Haixiang , Dong Kun , Li Xiangmin
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of the printing and dyeing industry, the amount of wastewater discharged is also increasing. Printing and dyeing wastewater is recognized as one of the most difficult industrial wastewater treatments due to its complex composition, high content of refractory organic matter, high chroma, high alkalinity and poor biodegradability. This paper mainly reviews the characteristics and effects of the advanced oxidation method (Fenton oxidation method, photocatalytic oxidation method, ozone oxidation method, wet oxidation method, electrochemical oxidation method) for treating printing and dyeing wastewater, a preliminary outlook on the combined use of several methods was also carried out.
Environmental analysis of three wastewater treatment plants based on the life cycle assessment
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Li Guangchun , Jin Mingji , Piao Wenhua
Published: November 2019

Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to examine the environmental effects of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different size and processes located in northeast China. These WWTPs were assessed with acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), global warming potential (GWP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) as environmental impact categories. Among the processes the wastewater treatment line had the greatest environmental impact for all plants and impact categories due to the electricity consumption in the aerobic reactor. And the highest environmental impacts observed in the S-WWTP that operated by A2O process.
Effect of Bioactive Water on the Biodegradation of Naphthalene Contaminated Soil
Authors: Yan Han , Wang Mingzhe , Piao Wenhua , Li Guangchun
Published: November 2019

In this experiment, the strain NW6 with good growth of naphthalene as the sole carbon source and energy source was screened from petroleum contaminated soil after isolation and purification by enrichment culture. The influencing factors of strain were studied. The results showed that the optimum growth conditions for strain NW6 were pH 8, 40 °C. In the contaminated soil for sand, loess and black soil, the degradation rate of naphthalene by NW6 was 28.05%, 24.35% and 21.34% respectively. Adding bioactive water, the degradation rate was increased compared with distilled water. The enhanced rates of BW against strain NW6 in three naphthalene contaminated soils were respectively: sand 83.28%, loess 103.56%, black soil 60.40%. It showed that the bioactive water could promote the degradation of microorganisms.