bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Emulgator VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) Dalam Sediaan Krim transdermal Asetosal
Authors: Setiawan Ayub , Ayatri Ririn Darma , Niswantari Nila , Rusli Nirwati
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK

 Telah dilakukan penelitian   tentang   Penggunaan   Emulgator  VCO   ( Virgin Coconut Oil ) dalam sediaan krim transdermal asetosal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui apakah VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) dapat diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk sediaan krim transdermal asetosal, untuk mengetahui konsntrasi VCO sebagai emulgator yang dapat menghasilkan sediaan krim transdermal asetosal yang memenuhi evaluasi sediaan yang baik. VCO diformulasikan  dalam bentuk sediaan krim transdermal asetosal dengan menggunakan tiga variasi konsentrasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental. Formulasi dilakukan dengan melihat parameter sifat fisik krim yang meliputi viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, pH, homogenitas, organoleptis, iritasi, cycling test setelah pembuatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa VCO dapat diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk sediaan krim tra nsdermal asetosal, selain itu juga VCO dengan konsentrasi 16%, 18% dan 20% dapat digunakan sebagai emulgator dalam sediaan krim transdermal yang memenuhi evaluasi sediaan yang baik.

Kata kunci :Virgin Coconut Oil, Asetosal, Transdermal, Krim, Emulgator

 

ABSTRACK

 Research on the use of VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) Emulgators in preparations of transdermal acetosal cream has been conducted. This study aims to: find out whether VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) can be formulated into a transdermal acetosal cream dosage form, to find out the concentration of VCO as an emulgator that can produce transdermal acetosal cream preparations that meet a good dosage evaluation VCO is formulated in the form of acetosal transdermal cream preparations using three variations of concentration. This research is experimental research. This research is experimental research. The formulation is carried out by looking at the parameters of the physical properties of the cream which include viscosity, dispersion, adhesion, pH, homogeneity, organoleptic, irritation, cycling test after manufacture. The results of this study indicate that VCO can be formulated in the form of acetosal transdermal cream preparations, besides that VCO with concentrations of 16%, 18%, and 20% can be used as emulsifiers in transdermal cream preparations that meet good dosage evaluations

Keywords; Virgin Coconut Oil, Acetosal, Transdermal, Cream, Emulgator
Gambaran Kesehatan Gingivitis Pengguna Alat Ortodontik Yang Memasang Pada Tukang Gigi
Authors: Pujirahayu Rahminingrum , Rasak Adriatman , Erfiani Mery
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK

Perawatan gigi  ditentukan oleh kesehatan gingival. Rendahnya pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut akan mempengaruhi kesehatan jaringan periodontal. Pemakaian Alat ortodontik berhubungan dengan peningkatan kejadian gingiva dan perdarahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan gingiva pengguna alat ortodontik yang memasang pada tukang gigi swasta. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu praktek tukang gigi swasta dan rumah. Responden penelitian berjumlah 40 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel ialah total sampling. Analisis data secara deskriptif dan dijabarkan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengguna alat ortondontik yaitu perempuan sebanyak 29 orang ( 72,5%), dan laki-laki sebanyak 11 orang (27,5%). Kejadian gingivitas berdasarkan umur paling banyak pada usia 7-12 tahun sebanyak 9 orang (27,5%) dan 13 – 18 sebanyak 14 orang (43,75%). Kejadian gingivitis berdasarkan jenis kelamin, laki-laki sebanyak 10 orang (90,9%) dan perempuan sebanyak 22 orang (75,86%).

Kata kunci ; , tukang gigi, gingivitis, gigi dan mulut

 

ABSTRACT

Orthodontic treatment is determined by gingival health. The low maintenance of oral health will affect the health of periodontal tissue. The use of orthodontic devices is associated with an increased incidence of gingiva and bleeding. This study aims to describe the gingivitis of orthodontic appliance users who install it on private dental artisans. This type of research is descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at one of the private and home dental practice. Research respondents numbered 40 people. The sampling technique is total sampling. Data analysis is descriptive and described in narrative form. The results showed orthodontic device users, namely 29 women (72.5%), and 11 men (27.5%). The incidence of gingivitis based on age at most at the age of 7-12 years was 9 people (27.5%) and 13-18 were 14 people (43.75%). The incidence of gingivitis based on sex, men as many as 10 people (90.9%) and women as many as 22 people (75.86%).

Keywords; Orthodontics, dental artisan, gingivitis, teeth, and mouth
Aktivitas Antihiperurisemia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Galing (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) Pada Mencit BALB/C
Authors: Y Muhammad Ilyas , Daud Nur Saadah , Aqmarina Monika
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK

Salah satu bahan alam yang diduga dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat adalah tumbuhan galing yang mengandung flavanoid. Kemampuan senyawa tersebut dalam menurunkan asam urat yaitu dengan cara menghambat aktivitas xantin oksidase pada basa purin sehingga akan menurunkan produksi asam urat. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah  untuk  mengetahui aktivitas hiperurisemia dari ekstrak daun galing pada mencit BALB/C. Pada uji aktivitas antihiperurisemia yang dilakukan pada mencit, diinduksi pottasium oxonat pada dengan dosis 200 mg/kgBB, pada dosis ekstrak daun galing 300 mg/kg BB, 400 mg/kg BB, 500 mg/kg BB, kontrol positif allopurinol dan kontrol negatif Na-CMC 0.5% . Hasil uji farmakologi diolah secara statistik menggunakan uji normalitas dan one way ANOVA dan uji LSD (Least Significance Different) dengan program SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada ekstrak ekstrak daun galing 300 mg/kg BB, 400 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat. Secara statistik terdapat pengaruh secara signifikan pada ekstrak daun galing dosis 300 mg/kg BB dan dosis 400 mg/kg BB terhadap penurunan kadar asam urat dengan nilai P 0,02<0,05 artinya terdapat perbedaan efek antihiperurisemia antara kelompok perlakuan.

 Kata kunci: Antihiperurisemia, ekstrak etanol daun galing, , flavanoid, mencit

 

ABSTRACT

One of the natural ingredients that is thought to reduce uric acid levels is a thorny plant which contains flavonoids. The ability of these compounds in reducing uric acid is by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase in the purine base so that it will reduce uric acid production. The purpose of this study was to determine the hyperuricemia activity of the galing leaf extract in BALB / C mice. In the antihyperuricemia activity test conducted on mice, pottasium oxonate was induced at a dose of 200 mg / kgBW, at a dose of galing leaf extract 300 mg / kgBW, 400 mg / kgBW, 500 mg / kgBW, positive control of allopurinol and negative control of Na -CMC 0.5%. Pharmacological test results were statistically processed using the normality test and one way ANOVA and LSD (Least Significance Different) test with the SPSS 20 program. The results showed that the extract of the galing leaf extract 300 mg / kg BW, 400 mg / kg BW and 500 mg / kg BW could reduce uric acid levels. Statistically, there was a significant effect on galing leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg / kg BW and a dose of 400 mg / kg BW on decreasing uric acid levels with a P value of 0.02 <0.05, meaning that there were differences in antihyperuricemia effects between treatment groups.

 Keywords: Antihyperuricemia, ethanol extract galing leaf,  flavanoid, mice
Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Coping Styles and Psychopathology among Medical Students in District Peshawar
Authors: Sarwar Naveeda , Abid Saima , Sarwar Khan Ghulam , Sarwar Adnan
Published: May 2020

This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Coping Styles and Psychopathology among medical students in district Peshawar, Pakistan.200 participants were recruited for data collection through purposive convenient sampling. Cross sectional research design was used. The age range of participants was 18 to 25 years with the participation of male (n=117) and female (n=83). Subjects were selected from public and private medical colleges. To determine the role of Demographic variables, age, gender, father income, college and self-reports measures of Emotional Intelligence scale Brief Cope Inventory and Psychopathic deviation were used. Correlation, t-test and regression analysis was applied for data analysis. The results revealed that female had high emotional intelligence as compared to male.it also showed from the results that those who have low emotional intelligence had more psychopathological characteristics. The results also revealed that those students who had poor emotional intelligence used maladaptive coping styles. Hence, it was inferred from the study that there is significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence, coping styles and psychopathology. Cross sectional nature of the study, use of self-report measures and non-probability sampling was the limitation of the study.
Impact of in-cloud aqueous processes on the chemical compositions and morphology of individual atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Fu Yuzhen , Lin Qinhao , Zhang Guohua , Yang Yuxiang , Yang Yiping , Lian Xiufeng , Peng Long , Jiang Feng , Bi Xinhui , Li Lei , Wang Yuanyuan , Chen Duohong , Ou Jie , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping'an , Zhu Jianxi , Sheng Guoying
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The composition, morphology, and mixing structure of individual cloud residues (RES) and interstitial particles (INT) at a mountain-top site were investigated. Eight types of particles were identified, including sulfate-rich (S-rich), S-organic matter (OM), aged soot, aged mineral, aged fly ash, aged metal, fresh mixture, and aged mixture. A shift of dominant particle types from S-rich (29 %) and aged soot (27 %) in the INT to S-OM (24 %) and aged mixture (22 %) in the RES is observed. In particular, particles with organic shells are enriched in the RES (30 %) relative to the INT (12 %). Our results highlight the in-cloud formation of more oxidized organic shells on the activated particles. We also show that in-cloud processes may result in less compact soot, with the fractal dimensions (Df) of soot in the RES (1.82 ± 0.12) lower than those in the INT (2.11 ± 0.09). This research emphasizes the role of in-cloud processes on the chemistry and microphysical properties of individual particles. Given that organic coatings may determine the particle hygroscopicity, activation ability, and heterogeneous chemical reactivity, the increase of OM-shelled particles upon in-cloud processes should have considerable implications.
Mapping ice formation to mineral-surface topography using a micro mixing chamber with video and atomic-force microscopy
Authors: Friddle Raymond W. , Thürmer Konrad
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We developed a method for examining ice formation on
solid substrates exposed to cloud-like atmospheres. Our experimental
approach couples video-rate optical microscopy of ice formation with
high-resolution atomic-force microscopy (AFM) of the initial mineral
surface. We demonstrate how colocating stitched AFM images with video
microscopy can be used to relate the likelihood of ice formation to
nanoscale properties of a mineral substrate, e.g., the abundance of surface
steps of a certain height. We also discuss the potential of this setup for
future iterative investigations of the properties of ice nucleation sites on
materials.
Improved chloride quantification in quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitors (Q-ACSMs)
Authors: Tobler Anna K. , Skiba Alicja , Wang Dongyu S. , Croteau Philip , Styszko Katarzyna , Nęcki Jarosław , Baltensperger Urs , Slowik Jay G. , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Particulate chloride is an important component of fine particulate matter in marine air masses. Recent field studies also report elevated concentrations of gas-phase reactive chlorine species and particulate chloride related to anthropogenic activities. This work focuses on particulate chloride detection and quantification issues observed for some quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitors (Q-ACSM), which are designed for long-term measurement of ambient aerosol composition. The ACSM reports particle concentrations based on the difference between measurements of ambient air (sample mode) and particle-free ambient air (filter mode). For our long-term campaign in Krakow, Poland, the Q-ACSM reports apparent negative total chloride concentration for most of the campaign when analyzed with the default fragmentation table. This is the result of the difference signal from m/z 35 (35Cl+) being negative which dominates over the positive difference signal from m/z 36 (H35Cl+). Highly time-resolved experiments with NH4Cl, NaCl and KCl particles show that the signal response of m/z 35 is non-ideal, where the signal builds up and decreases slowly for all three salts, leading to a negative difference measurement. In contrast, the m/z 36 signal exhibits a near step-change response for NH4Cl during sampling and filter period, resulting in a positive difference signal. The response of m/z 36 for NaCl and KCl is not as prompt as for NH4Cl but still fast enough to have a positive difference signal. Furthermore, it is shown that this behavior is mostly temperature-independent. Based on these observations, this work presents an approach to correct the chloride concentration time series by adapting the standard fragmentation table coupled with a calibration of NH4Cl to obtain a relative ionization efficiency (RIE) based on the signal at m/z 36 (H35Cl+). This correction can be applied for measurements in environments where chloride is dominated by NH4Cl. Caution should be exercised when other chloride salts dominate the ambient aerosol.
Developing a digital platform for knowledge disclosure of land subsidence
Authors: Velsink Hiddo , Backhausen Ursula , Roovers Geert J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Land subsidence in areas with weak soils affects a large
part of the Netherlands and causes many problems. To solve them diverse and
specialized knowledge of possible measures to prevent, mitigate or reverse
land subsidence is needed. This knowledge is fragmented over many agencies,
companies and individuals. Here we show how data and knowledge are related
and we stress the importance of implicit knowledge for knowledge transfer on
land subsidence. It is demonstrated that land subsidence in the Netherlands
is a “wicked problem”. This makes its solution cumbersome. However, we
show that self-learning digital environments can help considerably in
knowledge acquisition, storage and retrieval. We give an inventory of
research questions that have still to be answered to make an digital
environment really effective for a wicked problem like land subsidence.
Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection and cause of
Weddell Polynya openings
Authors: Heuzé Céline , Lemos Adriano
Published: May 2020

Abstract. When will sea ice open is a crucial information for navigation and scientific deployments. This became painfully obvious when the Weddell Polynya, a large hole in the winter Southern Ocean sea ice, unexpectedly re-opened in 2016 for the first time in forty years. With no early warning, observations were limited to chance autonomous sensors, so the much-debated cause of the opening still cannot be determined accurately. We aim here to create such an early warning system. From the full historical sea ice concentration record, we find in fact 30 polynyas since 1980. Then, using the full time series of the spaceborne infrared Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, we determine that these events can be detected in the two weeks before the polynya opens. Area-average median brightness temperature larger than 253 K in all three bands and area-maximum larger than 269 K along with a footprint at least larger than 4000 km2 successfully forecasts the polynyas and does not return any false positive. Or rather, it returned false positives that were in fact events that the sea ice concentration threshold had missed. Moreover, we find temporal oscillations in brightness temperature that could indicate upwelling of warm water, but also changes of sign in T45 (band 4 – band 5) which could indicate a lead. We hence combine the spaceborne infrared data with atmospheric reanalysis, hydrographic mooring data and Sentinel-1 radar imagery and find that all events, including the 2017 Weddell Polynya, are caused by both atmospheric divergence and oceanic upwelling. That is, the debate is closed: both parties are correct; the Weddell Polynya is a hybrid.
Tributación y cooperativismo: el régimen fiscal de las cooperativas no agropecuarias (CNA) en Cuba
Authors: Simón Otero Liana , Carballo Moya Adoración
Published: May 2020

Los sistemas tributarios modernos regulan, para las cooperativas, un conjunto de incentivos fiscales que buscan fundamentalmente impulsar su creación por encima de otros sujetos económicos y motivar la inversión y la creación de fondos sociales. En el caso particular de Cuba, donde impera un sistema económico socialista, la necesidad de incentivar formas de propiedad social por encima del sector privado, cobra aún mayor significación, lo que se reconoce en los Lineamientos de la política económica y social, aprobados en el VI Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba, el 18 de abril de 2011 y en el Séptimo Período Ordinario de Sesiones de la VII Legislatura de la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular el 1 de agosto de 2011. Es por eso que, además de las tradicionales cooperativas agropecuarias, en el año 2012 se haya aprobado la creación de cooperativas denominadas “no agropecuarias”. Estas cooperativas gozan de un régimen tributario especial, regulado en la Ley No. 113 que se promulgó en ese propio año, liderado por los beneficios recibidos en el impuesto que grava la renta (Impuesto sobre Utilidad Per cápita); sin embargo, el sacrificio fiscal que encierra este tipo de regulaciones no tiene razón de ser, si estas no están encaminadas al desarrollo de esta forma de gestión; lo que en este caso resulta cuestionable, ya que la aprobación de nuevas cooperativas está suspendida y los posibles beneficios no están encaminados a promover la inversión.
Las Cooperativas como Entidades con Fines No Lucrativos en México: regulación y características tributarias
Authors: Lara Gómez Graciela
Published: May 2020

Con el artículo se buscó establecer si las cooperativas como integrantes del sector social de la economía son incluidas en las leyes como entidades no lucrativas y beneficiadas con incentivos tributarios. De manera que se realizó una aproximación teórica de las organizaciones sin fines de lucro y del sector social de la economía, acentuando la preeminencia de las cooperativas en el desarrollo económico y social. Para tal efecto fue seleccionado el método exegético, para explicar el alcance de las normas jurídicas y resoluciones de la Corte que avalan o rechazan su reconocimiento como entidades sin fines de lucro. Los resultados muestran que las legislaciones mexicanas reconocen la característica no lucrativa limitadamente, especialmente en el gravamen a la renta.
Reality of Applying Marketing Mix of Vietnamese Mobile Telecommunication Service Enterprises
Authors: Nhung Nguyen Thi , Nhung Vu Hong , Ninh Hoang Hai , Ung Hoang Kim , Phuong Nguyen Linh , Thanh Khuat Quang
Published: May 2020

The group of authors researched the application of Marketing – mix strategy of Vietnam mobile telecommunications enterprises through surveying 300 customers who are using telecommunications services of Viettel, VNPT, and Mobi Fone. After that, the group offered different solutions to improve the marketing-mix efficiency of Vietnam’mobile telecommunications enterprises in the contexr of extensive and complex integration.
r.1 - EDUCAÇÃO É A BASE?
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Centenaro Junior Bufon , Santos Antonio Pereira dos
Published: May 2020

Trata-se de uma resenha da coletânea "Educação é a Base?", organizada Fernando Cássio e Roberto Castelli Jr., professores e pesquisadores da Universidade Federal do ABC. Na coletânea, 23 educadores de distintas áreas do conhecimento discutem de forma crítica a BNCC. A resenha em tela possibilita um olhar de síntese sobre as principais ideias abordadas na coletânea.
Legal and Political Concepts as Contextures
Authors: Kostakopoulou Dora
Published: May 2020

Legal and Political Concepts as Contextures

Socio-political concepts are not singularities. They are, instead, complex and evolving contextures. An awareness of the latter and of what we need to do when we handle concepts opens up space for the resolution of political disagreements and multiplies opportunities for constructive dialogue and understanding. In this article, I argue that the concepts-as-contextures perspective can unravel conceptual connectivity and interweaving, and I substantiate this by examining the ‘contexture’ of liberty. I show that the different, and seemingly contested, definitions of liberty are the product of mixed articulations and the development of associative discursive links within a contexture.
Limitations in Use of Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN) in Children with Disorders of Bone Mineralization
Authors: Oberc Artur , Sułko Jerzy
Published: May 2020

Background. Elastic intramedullary nails (ESIN) have been the treatment of choice in many long bone fractures in children for more than 20 years. The introduction of ESIN has drastically reduced tissue traumatization during fracture fixation procedures and decreased the risk of growth cartilage damage, as well as allowing for preservation of the natural biology of closed fracture healing. The objective of the present report is to draw attention to a small group of patients with bone mineralization disorders, who consequently demonstrate decreased mechanical resistance of the skeletal system, in whom indications for using ESIN fixation are limited.
Material and methods. The study group consisted of 6 patients who met the criteria for using ESIN fixation, but did not demonstrate a satisfactory outcome. The inclusion criteria included age below 18 years, appropriate ESIN nail insertion technique with correct calculation of nail diameter (2/5 of the medullary canal diameter), body mass < 50 kg and achieving appropriate prebending that is the prerequisite of three-point intramedullary support. The patients’ medical records and radiographs were analyzed and they were invited for clinical and radiological follow-up examinations.
Results. All six patients demonstrated a gradually increasing bending deformity of the long bone axis. Additionally, in three patients, there was intrusion of terminal parts of the nails into the bone. In one patient with bone fibrous dysplasia, the proximal epiphysis was perforated by the flattened ends of the nails. In all patients, the removal of the ESIN fixation was followed by single or double-level corrective osteotomies and Rush pin fixation.
Conclusion. In cases of long bone fractures in children with metabolic bone disorders in whom the bone structure is weakened and the bones themselves are easily deformed, more rigid intramedullary fixation with Rush or Fassier-Duval type nails as primary osteosynthesis should be considered.
A world threatened by populism. Remarks on security in modern times
Authors: Czura Tomasz
Published: May 2020

The article is an attempt to answer the question about the importance of populism in contemporary reflection on security in its broadest sense. The author of these analyses tries to find the reasons for the growing populist trend, which occurs not only in the political dimension, but permeates almost all social life. In the context of such a goal, the connection between populism and ideology and nihilism is shown. As a consequence of the methodological principles adopted, two types of populism were distinguished: ideological and nihilistic. Ideological populism is characterized by a high degree of indeterminacy and makes far-reaching simplifications and generalisations. In this perspective, the enemies of the people are both newcomers, strangers, immigrants, as well as sexual, ethnic and other minorities.Nihilist populism is more depressing. It is based on the recognition of fragmentation as a basic indicator of values. The individual, detached from the wider background, is in a way the programme of populism understood in this way. A simple consequence of nihilistic populism is the uprooting of the individual, which results in consumerist attitudes. In this sense, one can say that nihilistic populism is aimed at justifying consumptionism, i.e. it provides an ideological foundation for the carefree use of material goods.
Two new species of the bamboo-feeding planthopper genus Neobelocera Ding & Yang, 1986 from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae)
Authors: Li Hong-Xing , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: May 2020

Two new species of the bamboo-feeding genus Neobelocera Ding & Yang, 1986, N. biprocessa sp. nov. and N. russa sp. nov., are described and illustrated from southwest China (Hainan and Guizhou), giving the genus nine species in total. A key is provided to separate all species.
Outcomes of Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer in Relationship to Opioid Use: Findings From Eight Clinical Trials
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar , Karachiwala Hatim , Easaw Jacob C.
Published: May 2020

Background: This study assessed the patterns of opioid use among patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers who were included in 8 clinical trials and evaluated the impact of opioid use on survival outcomes of included patients. Methods: Deidentified datasets from 8 clinical trials evaluating first-line systemic treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancers were accessed from the Project Data Sphere platform (ClinicalTrial.gov identifiers: NCT01124786, NCT00844649, NCT00290966, NCT00678535, NCT00699374, NCT00272051, NCT00305188, and NCT00384176). These trials evaluated patients with pancreatic carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and colorectal carcinoma. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors predicting the use of opioids. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to compare survival outcomes in each disease entity among patients who did or did not receive opioid treatment. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was then used to further assess the impact of opioid use on survival outcomes in each disease entity. Results: A total of 3,441 participants were included in the current analysis. The following factors predicted a higher probability of opioid use within logistic regression analysis: younger age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.990; 95% CI, 0.984–0.997; P=.004), nonwhite race (OR for white vs nonwhite, 0.749; 95% CI, 0.600–0.933; P=.010), higher ECOG score (OR for 1 vs 0, 1.751; 95% CI, 1.490–2.058; P<.001), and pancreatic primary site (OR for colorectal vs pancreatic, 0.241; 95% CI, 0.198–0.295; P<.001). Use of opioids was consistently associated with worse overall survival (OS) in Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of each disease entity (P=.008 for pancreatic cancer; P<.001 for gastric cancer, HCC, and colorectal cancer). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, opioid use was associated with worse OS among patients with pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.245; 95% CI, 1.063–1.459; P=.007), gastric cancer (HR, 1.725; 95% CI, 1.403–2.122; P<.001), HCC (HR, 1.841; 95% CI, 1.480–2.290; P<.001), and colorectal cancer (HR, 1.651; 95% CI, 1.380–1.975; P<.001). Conclusions: Study findings suggest that opioid use is consistently associated with worse OS among patients with different gastrointestinal cancers. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this observation and its potential implications.
Prognostic and Predictive Value of Blood Tumor Mutational Burden in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated With Docetaxel
Authors: Nie Wei , Qian Jie , Xu Mi-Die , Gu Kai , Qian Fang-Fei , Lu Jun , Zhang Xue-Yan , Wang Hui-Min , Yan Bo , Zhang Bo , Wang Shu-Yuan , Hu Fang , Li Chang-Hui , Zhong Hua , Han Bao-Hui
Published: May 2020

Background: Biomarkers for chemotherapy efficacy in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are lacking. This retrospective study assesses the association between blood-based tumor mutational burden (bTMB) and clinical benefit of chemotherapy. Methods: Clinical and targeted next-generation sequencing data from the OAK trial (training set; n=318) and POPLAR trial (validation set; n=106) in the docetaxel arm were analyzed. The cutoff value of bTMB for outcome prediction was determined based on a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve in the training set, and propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Durable clinical benefit (DCB) was defined as OS lasting >12 months. Interaction between treatment and bTMB was assessed in the combined set. Results: A lower bTMB was observed in patients with DCB compared with no durable benefit, and in those with a partial response and stable disease compared with progressive disease. The optimized cutoff value of bTMB for predicting OS was 7 single-nucleotide variants per megabase. In the training set, a low bTMB was significantly associated with longer OS and progression-free survival (PFS). The prognostic value of bTMB was confirmed in the validation set and PSM set. The interaction between bTMB and treatment was significant for PFS (interaction P=.043) in the combined set. Mutations in KEAP1 were associated with high bTMB and a lack of benefit from chemotherapy. Conclusions: Low bTMB is associated with a survival advantage in patients with NSCLC treated with docetaxel, suggesting the prognostic and predictive potential of bTMB for determining chemotherapy efficacy.
Local boundedness for minimizers of convex integral functionals in metric measure spaces
Authors: Wang Huiju , Niu Pengcheng
Published: May 2020

In this paper we consider the convex integral functional $ I := \int _\Omega {\Phi (g_u)\,d\mu } $ in the metric measure space $(X,d,\mu )$, where $X$ is a set, $d$ is a metric, µ is a Borel regular measure satisfying the doubling condition, Ω is a bounded open subset of $X$, $u$ belongs to the Orlicz-Sobolev space $N^{1,\Phi }(\Omega )$, Φ is an N-function satisfying the $\Delta _2$-condition, $g_u$ is the minimal Φ-weak upper gradient of $u$. By improving the corresponding method in the Euclidean space to the metric setting, we establish the local boundedness for minimizers of the convex integral functional under the assumption that $(X,d,\mu )$ satisfies the $(1,1)$-Poincaré inequality. The result of this paper can be applied to the Carnot-Carathéodory space spanned by vector fields satisfying Hörmander's condition.
A smoothness criterion for complex spaces in terms of differential forms
Authors: Samuelsson Kalm Håkan , Sera Martin
Published: May 2020

For a reduced pure dimensional complex space $X$, we show that if Barlet's recently introduced sheaf $\alpha _X^1$ of holomorphic $1$-forms or the sheaf of germs of weakly holomorphic $1$-forms is locally free, then $X$ is smooth. Moreover, we discuss the connection to Barlet's well-known sheaf $\omega _X^1$.
Spectral triples for higher-rank graph $C^*$-algebras
Authors: Farsi Carla , Gillaspy Elizabeth , Julien Antoine , Kang Sooran , Packer Judith
Published: May 2020

In this note, we present a new way to associate a spectral triple to the noncommutative $C^*$-algebra $C^*(\Lambda )$ of a strongly connected finite higher-rank graph Λ. Our spectral triple builds on an approach used by Consani and Marcolli to construct spectral triples for Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We prove that our spectral triples are intimately connected to the wavelet decomposition of the infinite path space of Λ which was introduced by Farsi, Gillaspy, Kang, and Packer in 2015. In particular, we prove that the wavelet decomposition of Farsi et al. describes the eigenspaces of the Dirac operator of our spectral triple. The paper concludes by discussing other properties of the spectral triple, namely, θ-summability and Brownian motion.
Cohen-Macaulay homological dimensions
Authors: Sahandi Parviz , Sharif Tirdad , Yassemi Siamak
Published: May 2020

We introduce new homological dimensions, namely the Cohen-Macaulay projective, injective and flat dimensions for homologically bounded complexes. Among other things we show that (a) these invariants characterize the Cohen-Macaulay property for local rings, (b) Cohen-Macaulay flat dimension fits between the Gorenstein flat dimension and the large restricted flat dimension, and (c) Cohen-Macaulay injective dimension fits between the Gorenstein injective dimension and the Chouinard invariant.
On the convergence of iterates of convolution operators in Banach spaces
Authors: Mustafayev Heybetkulu
Published: May 2020

Let $G$ be a locally compact abelian group and let $M(G)$ be the measure algebra of $G$. A measure $\mu \in M(G)$ is said to be power bounded if $\sup _{n\geq 0}\lVert \mu ^{n} \rVert _{1}<\infty $. Let $\mathbf {T} = \{ T_{g}:g\in G\}$ be a bounded and continuous representation of $G$ on a Banach space $X$. For any $\mu \in M(G)$, there is a bounded linear operator on $X$ associated with µ, denoted by $\mathbf {T}_{\mu }$, which integrates $T_{g}$ with respect to µ. In this paper, we study norm and almost everywhere behavior of the sequences $\{ \mathbf {T}_{\mu }^{n}x\}$ $(x\in X)$ in the case when µ is power bounded. Some related problems are also discussed.
Little dimension and the improved new intersection theorem
Authors: Nakamura Tsutomu , Takahashi Ryo , Yassemi Siamak
Published: May 2020

Let $R$ be a commutative noetherian local ring. We define a new invariant for $R$-modules which we call the little dimension. Using it, we extend the improved new intersection theorem.
Transhumanism, immortality and the question of longevity
Authors: Teixeira João De Fernandes
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT The paper focuses on two issues approached by transhumanism: immortality and longevity. The first part present some contours of the transhumanist program and its motivation. The second discusses the extent to which the promise of immortality cannot be fulfilled by the idea of uploading the brain on the internet. The third part focuses on longevity. It shows why the transhumanist program for the elderly fails.
An idea alien to both worlds: why health care rationing is not acceptable in the USA and Russia
Authors: Vlassov Vasiliy V. , Shishkin Sergey V. , Chirikova Alla E. , Vlasova Anna V.
Published: May 2020

The simple idea of rationing appears unacceptable both for the relatively poor "socialist" health care in Russia and for the most expensive USA health care. In Russia the idea of rationing is unacceptable, because the Constitution promises free and unlimited medical care. Therefore,
discussion is blocked from the top. In the USA the idea is unacceptable, because citizens are understood as having the right to free choice of legal access to any care, without intervention of a 'death jury'.
 We analyse the similarities and differences in the arguments rejecting
explicit rationing in health care in the USA and Russia. We describe the legal framework in Russia related to rationing, and the results of a qualitative study of the understanding of the concept of rationing by Russian doctors and of the practices in Russian health care organizations to limit
the use of expensive diagnostic and treatment options.
 While the Russian Constitution promises free medical care, unlimited, legally there are limits imposed by the quota of specific treatments, limited access to care abroad, and problematic access to drugs not included on the essential
drug list for inpatient care. Explicit rationing is not rejected by society or by the medical profession. In medical organizations the more explicit techniques are a second opinion by a committee (physicians' commission), especially in the case of prescription of drugs and diagnostic tests.
Physicians tend to behave as medical professionals do: provide more care to people in greater need.
Tetrandrine alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Sirt-1
Authors: Wang Jun , Guo Ming , Ma Ruojia , Wu Maolin , Zhang Yamei
Published: May 2020

Background & Aims

Tetrandrine (Tet) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and protect from the ischemic strokes. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced inflammatory lesions. However, the molecular mechanisms of Tet related to the progression of cerebral ischemia are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of Tet on cerebral ischemia and the related mechanisms involved in NLRP3 inflammasome.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice used as a cerebral I/R injury model underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h following reperfusion for 24 h. Tet (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered for seven days and 30 min before and after MCAO. Their brain tissues were evaluated for NLRP3 inflammasome and Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) expression. An intracerebroventricular injection of Sirt-1 siRNA was administered to assess the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Results

Tet significantly reduced the neurological deficits, infarction volume, and cerebral water content in MCAO mice. Moreover, it inhibited I/R-induced over expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and Sirt-1. Sirt-1 knockdown with siRNA greatly blocked the Tet-induced reduction of neurological severity score and infarct volume, and reversed the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that Tet has benefits for cerebral I/R injury, which are partially related to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation via upregulating Sirt-1.
False lithium toxicity secondary to lithium heparin test tube: A case report and review
Authors: Brizzee Leila , Stone Ashley , Palmer Melissa C.
Published: May 2020

This case demonstrates a false elevation of serum lithium concentrations that can occur when blood samples are collected using lithium heparin (green-top) tubes. The patient was a 58-year-old female on chronic lithium therapy for bipolar disorder who presented to the emergency department following an overdose of 5 unidentified medications. The patient was overly sedated and exhibited paradoxical laughter, slurred speech, and mild abdominal pain. The recommended maintenance lithium concentration is 0.6 to 1.0 mmol/L, and she had previously been stable within this therapeutic range. The initial lithium concentration drawn upon admission was 2.05 mmol/L. No intervening treatment was made with the exception of intravenous fluids due to a lack of correlation between clinical presentation and the lithium concentration. Six hours later, a repeat lithium concentration of <0.10 mmol/L was obtained. Upon investigation, it was discovered that the initial blood sample was obtained in a lithium heparin green-top tube instead of the recommended plastic tubes with either sodium heparin or dipotassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as the anticoagulant. As this case demonstrates, lithium heparin tubes have the potential to cause falsely elevated lithium concentrations. It is important for health care professionals to be aware of the false elevations that can occur when blood samples are taken in this type of tube.
Exploring the Preferences of Women Regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health Care in the Context of Rheumatology: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wolgemuth Tierney , Stransky Olivia M. , Chodoff Alaina , Kazmerski Traci M. , Clowse Megan E. B. , Birru Talabi Mehret
Published: May 2020

Objective

To explore the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care and counseling needs of young women with rheumatic diseases in the context of their rheumatology care.

Methods

Semistructured qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with female patients with rheumatic diseases ages 18–45 years (n = 30). Women were recruited from outpatient rheumatology clinics in western Pennsylvania. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. A codebook was inductively developed based on the interview transcripts, and the finalized coding was used to conduct a thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes emerged from interviews: 1) women want rheumatologists to initiate conversations about SRH and to revisit the conversation over time; 2) women desire clear and complete information regarding fetal, pregnancy, and infertility risks associated with their diseases and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs); 3) women want to be treated holistically, with SRH addressed in the context of their life circumstances and personal values in addition to their rheumatic diseases; 4) women generally feel that they are intermediaries between their rheumatologists and obstetrician‐gynecologists (OB/GYNs), but preferred for providers to communicate directly with one another about their SRH.

Conclusion

Patients strongly desired rheumatologists to play an active role in their SRH, by initiating family planning conversations, providing SRH education in the context of their diseases and DMARDs, and directly coordinating SRH care with OB/GYNs. To meet patients’ SRH needs, further work is needed to clarify the specific role of rheumatologists in providing SRH care and to identify ways to better facilitate communication between rheumatologists and reproductive health care providers.
Bone Scaffolds Based on Degradable Vaterite/PEG‐Composite Microgels
Authors: Stengelin Elena , Kuzmina Alena , Beltramo Guillermo L. , Koziol Martha F. , Besch Laura , Schröder Romina , Unger Ronald E. , Tremel Wolfgang , Seiffert Sebastian
Published: May 2020

Vaterite, a metastable modification of calcium carbonate, embedded in a flexible microgel packaging with adjustable mechanical properties, functionality, and biocompatibility, provides a powerful scaffolding for bone tissue regeneration, as it is easily convertible to bone‐like hydroxyapatite (HA). In this study, the synthesis and physical analysis of a packaging material to encapsulate vaterite particles and osteoblast cells into monodisperse, sub‐millimeter‐sized microgels, is described whereby a systematic approach is used to tailor the microgel properties. The size and shape of the microgels is controlled via droplet‐based microfluidics. Key requirements for the polymer system, such as absence of cytotoxicity as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability, are accomplished with functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which reacts in a cytocompatible thiol–ene Michael addition. On a mesoscopic level, the microgel stiffness and gelation times are adjusted to obtain high cellular viabilities. The co‐encapsulation of living cells provides i) an in vitro platform for the study of cellular metabolic processes which can be applied to bone formation and ii) an in vitro foundation for novel tissue‐regenerative therapies. Finally, the degradability of the microgels at physiological conditions caused by hydrolysis‐sensitive ester groups in the polymer network is examined.
Jet‐Lagged Nanoparticles Enhanced Immunotherapy Efficiency through Synergistic Reconstruction of Tumor Microenvironment and Normalized Tumor Vasculature
Authors: Jiang Zhijie , Xiong Hui , Yang Shan , Lu Yun , Deng Yudi , Yao Jianxu , Yao Jing
Published: May 2020

Lactic acid (LA), an anaerobic glycolysis metabolite normally oversecreted by tumor cells, can inhibit the activity of T cells and stimulate the rapid proliferation and migration of tumor endothelial cells (TECs), thereby limiting the synergistic treatment efficiency of tumor immunotherapy and vascular normalization. Herein, Jet‐lagged nanoparticles, apatinib (APA)‐loaded TEC‐targeting nanodrug (APA/MCP) and lonidamine (LND)‐loaded tumor cell‐targeting nanodrug (LND/MCA), are constructed to combine vascular normalization therapy and tumor cell metabolic treatment. APA/MCP can block VEGF/VEGFR2 to inhibit TEC proliferation and LND/MCA can inhibit LA efflux to remodel tumor acid metabolism. After treatment, Jet‐lagged nanoparticles remarkably reduce the level of LA in tumor microenvironment (TME) through limiting LA efflux. Besides, the pericyte cell coverage ratio of tumor vasculature increased to 69%, which is significantly improved compared to the APA/MCP group (47%). Moreover, the results of in vivo pharmacodynamic studies show that after the above synergistic reconstruction of TME and normalized tumor vasculature, the therapeutic effect of programmed death 1 (PD‐1) drug is improved 3‐folds to that of the PD‐1 group. Above all, the strategy in this paper may propose an innovative vision to facilitate the tumor immunotherapy through high‐precision spatiotemporal delivery strategy of nanodrugs.
Single siRNA Nanocapsules for Effective siRNA Brain Delivery and Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Zou Yan , Sun Xinhong , Wang Yibin , Yan Chengnan , Liu Yanjie , Li Jia , Zhang Dongya , Zheng Meng , Chung Roger S. , Shi Bingyang
Published: May 2020

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been considered as a highly promising therapeutic agent for human cancer treatment including glioblastoma (GBM), which is a fatal disease without effective therapy methods. However, siRNA‐based GBM therapy is seriously hampered by a number of challenges in siRNA brain delivery including poor stability, short blood circulation, low blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and tumor accumulation, as well as inefficient siRNA intracellular release. Herein, an Angiopep‐2 (Ang) functionalized intracellular‐environment‐responsive siRNA nanocapsule (Ang‐NCss(siRNA)) is successfully developed as a safe and efficient RNAi agent to boost siRNA‐based GBM therapy. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed Ang‐NCss(siRNA) displays long circulation in plasma, efficient BBB penetration capability, and GBM accumulation and retention, as well as responsive intracellular siRNA release due to the unique design of small size (25 nm) with polymeric shell for siRNA protection, Ang functionalization for BBB crossing and GBM targeting, and disulfide bond as a linker for intracellular‐environment‐responsive siRNA release. Such superior properties of Ang‐NCss(siRNA) result in outstanding growth inhibition of orthotopic U87MG xenografts without causing adverse effects, achieving remarkably improved survival benefits. The developed siRNA nanocapsules provide a new strategy for RNAi therapy of GBM and beyond.
Switchable Chiral Mirrors
Authors: Liu Meng , Plum Eric , Li Hua , Duan Siyu , Li Shaoxian , Xu Quan , Zhang Xueqian , Zhang Caihong , Zou Chongwen , Jin Biaobing , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: May 2020

Mirrors are widely used for redirection of electromagnetic waves in optical systems, making them arguably the most irreplaceable optical component. Metamaterial‐based chiral mirrors, composed of a 2D‐chiral planar metallic structure backed by a conventional mirror, reflect one circular polarization without changing its handedness, while absorbing the other. Here, three types of switchable chiral mirror are demonstrated. Switching from a chiral mirror to either a conventional mirror, a handedness‐preserving mirror, or a chiral mirror of opposite handedness, is realized. These advances are underpinned by switching the handedness of 2D‐chiral metamaterial and the associated effect of circular conversion dichroism, which is reported here for the first time. Switching is achieved by exploiting the temperature‐activated dielectric‐to‐metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide to modify the symmetry and chirality of the metamaterial's resonators. Current distributions explain the temperature‐controlled optical properties by handedness‐selective excitation of reflective electric dipole and absorbing magnetic dipole modes.