bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invisible middle-class Black space: Asymmetrical person and space stereotyping at the race–class nexus
Authors: Bonam Courtney , Yantis Caitlyn , Taylor Valerie Jones
Published: September 2018

In addition to racial stereotypes about people (e.g., Black people are poor), perceivers hold parallel racial stereotypes about physical spaces (e.g., Black spaces are impoverished; Bonam, Bergsieker, & Eberhardt, 2016). Three studies extend these findings, showing that (a) Whites describe Black space as impoverished and undesirable, but describe White space as affluent and desirable, and (b) this racially polarized stereotype content is heightened for spaces compared to people (Studies 1 & 2). Perceivers are accordingly more likely to racially stereotype spaces than people (Study 3). This asymmetry in racial stereotype application is exacerbated when targets are objectively middle class versus lower class, likely because Whites have more difficulty incorporating counterstereotypic information into perceptions of Black spaces—compared to perceptions of Black people, White people, and White spaces (Study 3). Finally, we provide and discuss evidence for potential consequences of invisible middle-class Black space, relating to residential segregation and the racial wealth gap.
Behaviour of cold-formed steel built-up I-section columns composed of four U-profiles
Authors: Anbarasu M , Venkatesan M
Published: September 2018

This work reports numerical results concerning the cold-formed steel built-up I-section columns composed of four U-profiles under axial compression. A finite element model is developed by using the software program ABAQUS. The developed model includes geometric, material nonlinearities and geometric imperfections. The finite element model was verified against the experimental results reported in the cold-formed steel built-up open section columns. In the parametric study, the sections are analysed with several cross-sectional dimension ratios and lengths, in order to assess their influence on the buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of cold-formed steel built-up I-section columns. After presenting and discussing the numerical parametric results, the article shows that the current direct strength method in the North American Specification for cold-formed steel compression members design curve fails to predict adequately the ultimate strength of some of the columns analysed and addresses the modification proposed on current direct strength method curves, providing improved predictions of all the numerical ultimate strength available. The proposed method is also assessed by reliability analysis.
Embedding persuasive design for self-health management systems in Dutch healthcare informatics education: Application of a theory-based method
Authors: Alpay Laurence , Doms Rob , Bijwaard Harmen
Published: September 2018

The development of eHealth is dramatically changing the way healthcare is provided and organized. eHealth applications are used not only by healthcare professionals but also by patients specifically to self-manage their health condition. The development of eHealth applications requires a new methodological approach, departing from the more conventional methods dedicated to designing health information systems. There is a gap between theories to design persuasive eHealth applications and practices. In the Netherlands, eHealth innovation emerges from three areas. In research, the development of eHealth application often remains in a pilot phase. Healthcare organizations are also keen to innovate but do not always have the know-how. We further witness technology push from business and industry, undermining the co-creation process of the innovation. We consequently advocate an integrated, systematic and practical but scientifically based methodology to design effective persuasive eHealth applications. This approach is being successfully embedded in our educational health informatics program.
Examining factors affecting patients trust in online healthcare services in China: The moderating role of the purpose of use
Authors: Hong Ziying , Deng Zhaohua , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2018

With the development of Web 2.0 technologies, an increasing number of websites are providing online healthcare services, and they have potential to alleviate problems of overloaded medical resources in China. However, some patients are reluctant to trust and continue using online healthcare services, partly due to the immature development of healthcare websites. Previous research has argued that online trust is significantly associated with the risk or benefit perceived by users. This study aims to extend prior research and examine how perceptual factors influence patients’ online trust and intention to continue using online healthcare services. We developed a model with the moderating role of purpose of use and tested it with data collected from 283 participants. The results support the validity of the model and most hypotheses. The moderating role of purpose of use between the perceived benefits/risks and patients’ online trust is also highlighted. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Butadiene Rubber/Whole Tyre Reclaimed Rubber Blends
Authors: Nelson P.A. , Kutty S.K.N.
Published: September 2018

Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of Butadiene rubber/ reclaimed rubber blends were studied. Minimum torque, scorch time, and cure time decreased with the increase in reclaim content. Tensile strength, tear resistance, ultimate elongation, cure rate and compression set increased where as resilience and abrasion loss decreased with reclaim loading. The (maximum – minimum) torque was reduced at higher loading of reclaim. Heat build up was higher for the blends containing higher amounts of reclaimed rubber. Ageing resistance of the blends was inferior to that of the gum compounds.
Effect of Processing Conditions on the Degradation and on the Recycling of Polycarbonate
Authors: La Mantia F.P. , Correnti A.
Published: September 2018

Polycarbonate, like other polycondensation polymers, can be easily recycled without significant loss of properties only with careful drying. Indeed, the presence of humidity strongly decreases the molecular weight of the polymer by hydrolytic chain scission.

In this paper, the degradation and the recycling of an extrusion grade polycarbonate sample has been investigated considering mainly the effect of the humidity.

Some degradation is observed also for the material reprocessed in dry conditions and due to the thermomechanical stress acting on the melt. The chain scission is strongly reduced if the processing is carried out under nitrogen flow. In these conditions less degradation effects are also observed for the dry material. Similar results are obtained in extrusion steps if the extrusion is carried out with degassing.
Static and Dynamic Vulcanizates Containing Ground Tire Rubber
Authors: Kuznetsova O.P. , Tchepel L.M. , Zhorina L.A. , Kompaniets L.V. , Prut E.V.
Published: September 2018

The properties of materials based on ground tire rubber (GTR) and GTR blends with virgin rubbers of different nature and isotactic polypropylene (PP) were studied. The effect of GTR particle size and vulcanization rate on the mechanical properties of the resulting compositions was analyzed. The recipes of the thermoplastic vulcanizates based on PP, butadiene-methylstyrene rubber (SBR), and GTR were developed. It was found that a PP/SBR/GTR composition vulcanized with sulfur-accelerating agents shows the maximum elongation.
Effect of Palm Oil Fatty Acid Additive (POFA) on Curing Characteristics, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Silica Filled Natural Rubber/Recycle Rubber Powder Blends
Authors: Ismail Hanafi , Nordin R.
Published: September 2018

The effect of palm oil fatty acid additive (POFA) on curing characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties of silica filled natural rubber (NR)/recycle rubber powder (RRP) blends were studied. Results indicate that the presence of POFA is not only improved the cure rate of NR/RRP blends but also improved it's processability. Compared to control NR/RRP blends, the presence of POFA increased the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus and hardness of silica filled NR/RRP blends. The presence of POFA enhanced crosslink density and improved filler dispersion of silica filled NR/RRP blends which consequently increases the silica-NR/RRP interaction.
An Investigation of Mechanical, Thermal and Creep Behaviour of Recycled Industrial Polyolefins
Authors: Rizvi S. Haider , Masood S.H. , Sbarski Igor
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a study on the characterization of recycled industrial HDPE and PP and their blends with virgin resins. Thermal, mechanical and creep properties are investigated. A detailed investigation was conducted on creep behavior of HDPE and PP blends under different temperatures. The study showed that the temperature significantly affected the creep behavior. High temperature resulted in high creep. Viscoelastic information can be extracted by fitting creep versus time data to mathematical models using the spring-dashpot approach. Results predict that these blends can be used in pails for the packaging of nonfood grade materials such as paints, oil and grease.
Influence of Mixing schemes on Aging and Permeability of Ketones through Vulcanizates from Low Molecular Weight Natural Rubber Blends
Authors: Akinlabi A.K. , Malomo D. , Okieimen F.E. , Egharevba F. , Oladoja N.A.
Published: September 2018

An investigation into how different mixing schemes influences the physico-mechanical properties, aging, sorption, diffusion and permeability of ketones (acetone and cyclohexanone) through vulcanizates from blends of natural rubber (NR) and low molecular weight natural rubber (LMWNR) was reported. The compounding ingredients were mixed with the NR (base polymer) and LMWNR (base polymer) using three different mixing schemes by adopting the semi-efficient sulphur vulcanization compounding formulation. In scheme 1, the natural rubber and LMWNR were first mixed before adding the compounding ingredients. In scheme 2, the compounding ingredients were first mixed with the NR before adding the LWMNR and in scheme 3; the compounding ingredients were first mixed with the LMWNR before adding the NR. The physico-mechanical results of the vulcanizates showed that changes in the mixing schemes significantly influence the tensile properties of the vulcanizates. The tensile strengths of the vulcanizates prepared with mixing scheme 2 were 3.5 MPa lower than vulcanizates from scheme 1, while scheme 3 was lower than scheme 1 with 7.8 MPa. The aging result of the vulcanizates from all the mixing schemes were found impressing. The activation energy and free energy change were highest with scheme 1 while the extent of acetone and cyclohexanone penetrations were at lowest with scheme 1, signifying a well crosslinked and ketone resistant vulcanizates.
Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxide, its Characterization and use in Natural Rubber
Authors: Begum P.M. Sabura , Joseph Rani , Yusuff K.K. Muhammed
Published: September 2018

Zinc oxide (ZnO) of nanometer particles size was prepared by precipitation method and solid state pyrolytic method. TEM, XRD, and the surface area studies showed that the zinc oxides prepared in the laboratory has a particle size in nanometer range and high surface area. This nano zinc oxide was used as an activator in natural rubber compound. The cure characteristic and mechanical properties were compared with that containing conventional ZnO. It is found that a low dosage of zinc oxide was enough to give equivalent curing and mechanical properties compared to the one containing a higher dosage of conventional zinc oxide.
Modification of Polystyrene using Nanosilica for Improvement in Mechanical Properties
Authors: Renjanadevi B. , George K.E.
Published: September 2018

Modification of polymers using nanoparticles brings significant improvement in many properties. This study has been carried out to find the effect of nanosilica on the mechanical and thermal properties of polystyrene (PS). Nanosilica was prepared by acid hydrolysis method and it was melt mixed with polystyrene in a torque rheometer. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composite were evaluated in comparison to pure PS. Mechanical properties were evaluated by conducting tensile and impact tests. Thermal stability was evaluated by TGA. Both mechanical properties and thermal stability are found to improve with increase in silica loadings up to 3 wt.%.
Improved Polymer–Filler Interaction with an Ecofriendly Processing Aid. Part 1
Authors: Dasgupta S. , Agrawal S.L. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Mukhopadhyay R. , Malkani R.K. , Ameta S.C.
Published: September 2018

Internationally there is a trend towards the use of ecofriendly materials in view of the environmental benefit and the improvement in properties. In the present work, the chemical and analytical properties of an eco processing aid and a soluble-zinc-soap-based processing aid (Zincolet PN60) were assessed. The two processing aids were also analysed in a styrene butadiene rubber/natural rubber/butadiene rubber blend based on tyre tread compounds. Compounds mixed with the eco processing aid exhibited better mixing properties, better polymer–filler interaction, marginally better filler dispersion and flow behaviour, and better heat build-up and fatigue-to-failure properties.
Recycling of Expanded Polystyrene from Packaging
Authors: Samper M.D. , Garcia-Sanoguera D. , Parres F. , López J.
Published: September 2018

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a commonly used polymer in the packaging industry. The great importance of EPS recovery is related to the material's short service life and the high volume of EPS waste. The aim of the present work was to reduce the volume of waste by its mechanical milling and crushing and subsequent reintroduction into mass production. The results of thermal and infrared analysis indicate that the material does not degrade during the recovery process; indeed, the thermal properties of the recycled material are even better than those of the virgin product. Tensile tests showed that the recycled and virgin materials have similar mechanical behaviour. From the results obtained we can conclude that recycled polystyrene can replace virgin polystyrene in some industrial processing, thus reducing the cost of the final product.
Temporary Reversal of Blood Flow During Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Does Not Change Brain Electrical Activity in Lead-In Cases of the ROADSTER 1 Multicenter Trial
Authors: King Alexander H. , Motaganahalli Raghu L. , Siddiqui Adnan , DeRubertis Brian , Moore Wesley S. , DiMuzio Paul , Eccher Matthew A. , Kashyap Vikram S.
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To evaluate any intraoperative electroencephalographic (EEG) changes accompanying reversed flow with the ENROUTE Transcarotid Neuroprotection System during transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR). Methods: A post hoc analysis was performed of the first 81 consecutive lead-in patients (mean age 72.8±8 years; 61 men) enrolled in the ROADSTER 1 trial at 5 participating institutions. All patients had high-grade carotid artery stenosis [53 (59.3%) left sided; 12 (14.8%) contralateral occlusions] and high-risk criteria for carotid endarterectomy. A third had symptoms of either stroke (13, 16.0%) or transient ischemic attack (14, 17.3%). This subset of early patients underwent EEG monitoring to detect any cerebral changes during reversed flow as an added safety measure mandated by the ROADSTER 1 trial protocol. Results: Mean flow reversal time was 12.9±8.2 minutes. The goal mean arterial pressure during reversed flow was 100 mm Hg, but 7 (8.6%) patients suffered hypotension. One (1.2%) patient had slight EEG changes secondary to blood pressure fluctuation; these resolved with blood pressure elevation. No other EEG changes were noted. One (1.2%) patient had a postoperative stroke and another (1.2%) had postoperative myocardial infarction (MI), leading to 2.5% 30-day stroke/death/MI rate. Conclusion: Temporary reversal of blood flow during TCAR is a safe maneuver and does not cause cerebral ischemia in the vast majority of patients, including those with contralateral carotid occlusion. Carotid stenting performed with reversed blood flow mitigates cerebral embolization and periprocedural stroke without concern for brain ischemia.
Electromagnetic interference shielding of stitched carbon fiber composites
Authors: Abdelal Nisrin
Published: September 2018

This study reports on the improvements in the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of unidirectional carbon fiber-epoxy composites as a results of stitching with conductive and nonconductive threads. Unidirectional carbon fiber laminates stitched with copper, titanium, Kevlar metallic, Kevlar 10 and Dyneema T90 threads were manufactured using vacuum assisted resin infusion process. Representative samples from each laminate were tested in directions normal and axial to the fiber direction using rectangular waveguide. Experimental results showed that composites with improved shielding effectiveness in both directions were produced. For example, stitching with copper doubled the shielding effectiveness in the axial direction when compared to the unstitched laminate. In addition, composite stitched with Dyneema exhibited the most balanced increase in the shielding effectiveness in both axial and normal directions (91.5% and 17.3%, respectively) compared to the unstitched laminate. The shielding mechanism of the composites was mainly reflection.
Do States Circumvent Constitutional Supermajority Voting Requirements to
Raise Taxes?
Authors: Lee Soomi
Published: September 2018

To constrain legislative taxing power, 16 U.S. state constitutions
require a supermajority in both chambers to increase or impose taxes. Both
supporters and opponents of the requirement argue that its effect fades away
because states circumvent it in various ways, especially by raising fees
that are not subject to the requirement. Existing literature, however,
offers little and inconsistent evidence on whether the effect decays over
time and whether the decay results from fee hikes. This article documents
legal cases to show the ways in which states have responded to the
requirement, estimates whether the effects of the requirement decay over
time, and tests whether states raise fees instead of taxes after adopting
such a requirement. Using state-level panel data, I find that the initial
effectiveness of the requirement on tax burden does decay approximately a
decade after enactment and that the decay is not the result of fee
increases.
“College for All? These Kids Can’t Dig Ditches”: Confronting the Leadership Challenges for Justice-Based Reform in Underperforming Schools
Authors: Clemens Randall F.
Published: September 2018

The case explores the challenges of school leaders to facilitate social justice–based reforms for low-income students of color who attend underperforming schools. In particular, it examines the 1st-year experiences of Principal Yolanda Lopez at Kennedy High School, an underperforming and underresourced urban public high school. Lopez is tasked with improving college access and readiness among all students. As the year progresses—and pressures mount from various stakeholders—she questions the viability of sustained reform and her own role as a change agent within a complex and often unjust system.
A novel electromagnetic actuator in an inductive power transmission system for autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Haibing Wen , Baowei Song , Kehan Zhang , Zhengchao Yan
Published: September 2018

Autonomous underwater vehicle is a class of intelligent robots, which has been widely used in ocean observatory. Inductive power transmission is a good way to supply power and extend the working endurance of autonomous underwater vehicle. The power transfer characteristic depends on the electromagnetic actuator. A novel electromagnetic actuator has been proposed for different traditional autonomous underwater vehicle docking applications in this study. At first, the structure of electromagnetic actuator and assembled configurations for autonomous underwater vehicle submerged docks was given. Then, the mutual-coupling circuit and reluctance model were built. At last, in order to verify and test this electromagnetic actuator’s power transfer characteristics, an underwater test setup was built and used in both laboratory experiment and in a modeled autonomous underwater vehicle power cabin. The test results showed that the novel electromagnetic actuator could reach the highest power transmission efficiency of 78.1% at the frequency of 115 kHz, while the output power of inductive power transmission system is 75 W at 5 mm gap in working condition. Thus, it is suitable for autonomous underwater vehicle power feeding.
The role of golimumab in inflammatory arthritis. A review of the evidence
Authors: Tahir Zunera , Kavanaugh Arthur
Published: September 2018

Background:

Golimumab (GOL) is a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor that is used for various types of inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This article is a systematic review of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of golimumab in inflammatory arthritides, specifically RA, PsA and AS.

Methods:

We conducted a search of randomized controlled trails in MEDLINE [PubMed], CENTRAL, Embase, and Current Controlled Trials databases (ClinicalTrials.gov) through 2017 for studies that evaluated golimumab in inflammatory arthritides. We focused on pivotal, phase III trials for this review of the safety and efficacy of the drug. However, as some important information is not available in detail in publications from the phase III studies, additional individual studies pertaining to antidrug antibodies were also included.

Results:

A total of 12, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were included in this review of literature. Two trials focused on the GOL response in the PsA population, four trials focused on the GOL response in the AS population, and five trials focused on the GOL response in the RA population. Additional studies that evaluated autodrug antibodies produced in patients using GOL were also included.

Conclusion:

Golimumab was found to be clinically effective and also have a good safety profile in the treatment of RA, PsA, and AS based on data available from large studies.
The Spectrum of Hazing and Peer Sexual Abuse in Sports: A Current Perspective
Authors: Jeckell Aaron Slone , Copenhaver Elizabeth Anne , Diamond Alex Benjamin
Published: September 2018

Context:

Hazing and peer sexual abuse in sport are a critical issue, brought into public scrutiny with increasing frequency due to various forms of media, resulting in major causes of numerous avoidable mental health issues, and in some cases, even death. While the exact incidence of these activities is extremely difficult to quantify, trends indicate that the problem is very likely underreported.

Evidence Acquisition:

PubMed, Google, various legal journals/statutes, books on hazing and peer abuse in sport, and newspaper periodicals/editorials were all searched. Sources range in date from 1968 through 2018.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.

Results:

Hazing and peer sexual abuse are complex issues that have the potential to lead to physical, emotional, and mental harm. The underlying causes of hazing are complex but rooted in maintaining a hierarchical structure within the team unit. By implementing various changes and strategies, coaches and team administration can mitigate the risks of these behaviors.

Conclusion:

Hazing and peer sexual abuse in sport are avoidable and must be eliminated to maximize the numerous physical and psychosocial benefits attainable by participating in team athletics.
Bridging the gap: A user-driven study on new ways to support self-care and empowerment for patients with hip fracture
Authors: Jensen Charlotte Myhre , Overgaard Soren , Wiil Uffe Kock , Smith Anthony C , Clemensen Jane
Published: September 2018

Objectives:

In future healthcare systems, individuals are expected to be more involved in managing their health and preventing illness. A previous study of patient empowerment on a hip fracture pathway uncovered a gap between what the healthcare system provided and patients’ needs and wishes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a user-driven approach and a participatory design could provide a solution that would bridge this gap.

Methods:

Four workshops and a laboratory test were conducted with healthcare professionals to co-create a final prototype. This was performed in iterative processes through continuous interviews and face-to-face evaluation with patients, together with field studies in patients’ homes, to maintain relevance to end-users, that is, patients and healthcare professionals. The data were analysed according to the plan, act, observe and reflect methodology of iterative processes in participatory design.

Results:

Our results contribute to a key research area within patient involvement. By using participatory design, patients and healthcare professionals gained a mutual understanding and collaborated to create a technological solution that would encompass needs and wishes. Patient empowerment also involved giving healthcare professionals a means of empowerment, by providing them with a platform to support patient education. We found that one solution to bridging the aforementioned gap could be an app, including a range of educational features that would accommodate different learning styles.

Conclusion:

In developing a technological solution, user involvement in a participatory design ensures usability and inclusion of the requested functionalities. This can help bridge the gap between what the healthcare system provided and patients’ needs and wishes and support patients’ individual empowerment needs and self-care capacity. Together with the tools and techniques, the setting in which PD unfolds should be thoughtfully planned.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects: Role of gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Sgambato Dolores , Visciola Giulio , Ferrante Emanuele , Miranda Agnese , Romano Lorenzo , Tuccillo Concetta , Manguso Francesco , Romano Marco
Published: September 2018

Background

Helicobacter pylori is transmitted through faecal‐oral or oral‐oral routes. Whether H. pylori infection is more prevalent in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects is unclear.

Objective

We evaluated 1) the prevalence of H. pylori infection in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects; and 2) whether presence of gastroesophageal reflux in H. pylori‐infected subjects was associated with transmission of infection to their sexual partners.

Methods

We evaluated H. pylori infection by 13C Urea Breath Test in sexual partners of 161 consecutive patients with H. pylori‐related dyspepsia. The case‐control group consisted of 161 dyspeptic subjects undergoing the 13C Urea Breath Test. The prevalence of reflux symptoms was noted through the Leeds scale. The role of gastroesophageal reflux in transmission of H. pylori infection was evaluated by binary logistic regression. A two‐tailed p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant.

Results

Prevalence of H. pylori infection in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects is 74.5% whereas prevalence of H. pylori infection in the control group is 32.3%, p<0.05. At the logistic regression analysis, the presence of reflux symptoms in H. pylori‐infected subjects is independently associated with concomitant infection in both members of the couple (odds ratio 4.41, 95% confidence interval 1.6–12.3) and with length of cohabitation (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.0–5.7).

Conclusions

The prevalence of H. pylori infection is significantly higher in sexual partners of H. pylori‐infected subjects than in controls. Members of a couple are four times more likely to be both H. pylori infected if one of the couple has reflux symptoms.
Making Decisions With Trees: Examining Marijuana Outcomes Among College Students Using Recursive Partitioning
Authors: Wilson Adam D. , Montes Kevin S. , Bravo Adrian J. , Conner Bradley T. , Pearson Matthew R. ,   Marijuana Outcomes Study Team
Published: September 2018

Exploratory analyses were used to identify a unique constellation of variables that are associated with marijuana use outcomes among college students. We used recursive partitioning to examine more than 100 putative antecedents of lifetime marijuana user status, past-month marijuana user status, and negative marijuana-related consequences. Participants ( N = 8,141) completed measures online across 11 sites in the United States. Norms (descriptive, injunctive, and internalized norms) and marijuana identity best distinguished marijuana users from nonusers (i.e., lifetime/past month), whereas marijuana use frequency, use of protective behavioral strategies, and positive/negative urgency best distinguished the degree to which users reported negative consequences. Our results demonstrate that tree-based modeling is a useful methodological tool in the selection of targets for future clinical research. Additional research is needed to determine if these factors are causal antecedents, rather than consequences or epiphenomena. We hope this large sample study provides the impetus to develop intervention strategies targeting these factors.
Treatment of Axis Ring Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU)
Authors: Scholz Matti , Kandziora Frank , Kobbe Philipp , Matschke S. , Schleicher Philipp , Josten Christoph ,   the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma
Published: September 2018

Study Design:

Narrative literature review and expert recommendation.

Objective:

To establish treatment recommendations for axis ring fractures based on the knowledge of the experts of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma.

Methods:

This recommendation summarizes the knowledge of the experts of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma with regard to the treatment of axis ring fractures based on a narrative literature review.

Results:

Typical “hangman’s fractures” with bilateral separation of the neural arch from C2 and atypical “hangman’s fractures” with irregular fracture morphology are described. Computed tomography is the “gold” standard used to detect and analyse these fractures adequately. Furthermore, the detection of vertebral artery integrity is necessary. To classify axis ring fractures, the Levine-Edwards or Josten classification is recommended. In particular, the integrity of the C2/3 disc and the integrity of the anterior longitudinal ligament are used to determine the treatment strategy. While Levine-Edwards type I and type IIA (Josten type 1 and 2) fractures should be treated conservatively, Levine type II and type III (Josten type 3 and 4) fractures should be treated operatively. Levine-Edwards type II fractures will be predominately treated by anterior C2/3 fusion. Levine-Edwards type III fractures have to be primary reduced, if an anterior fusion is planned (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion [ACDF] C2/3). If a closed reduction of a type III fracture is impossible, an open reduction and posterior fixation/fusion is the treatment of choice.

Conclusion:

Conservative treatment is predominantly reserved for Levine-Edwards I and IIA fractures. Operative treatment should be performed in case of Levine-Edwards II and III fractures.
Self-Adjusted Amplification Parameters Produce Large Between-Subject Variability and Preserve Speech Intelligibility
Authors: Nelson Peggy B. , Perry Trevor T. , Gregan Melanie , VanTasell Dianne
Published: September 2018

The current study used the self-fitting algorithm to allow listeners to self-adjust hearing-aid gain or compression parameters to select gain for speech understanding in a variety of quiet and noise conditions. Thirty listeners with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss adjusted gain parameters in quiet and in several types of noise. Outcomes from self-adjusted gain and audiologist-fit gain indicated consistent within-subject performance but a great deal of between-subject variability. Gain selection did not strongly affect intelligibility within the range of signal-to-noise ratios tested. Implications from the findings are that individual listeners have consistent preferences for gain and may prefer gain configurations that differ greatly from National Acoustic Laboratories-based prescriptions in quiet and in noise.
Dry Catheter Technique in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Gendelberg David , Hassenbein Susan , Kim H. Mike , Adhikary Sanjib , Armstrong April
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Interscalene regional anesthesia is effective for pain management but is not without complications. To determine whether postoperative neurologic findings were related to the surgery versus the regional catheter, we developed the dry catheter technique where patients could be examined after the surgery prior to dosing the catheter. The purpose of the study was to assess the utility of the dry catheter block in recognizing neurological deficits associated with regional anesthesia.

Methods

An interscalene catheter was placed but not started. After the surgery, a neurovascular examination was performed. If the examination was normal, the regional anesthesia was started. Throughout the patient’s hospitalization, pain levels were collected.

Results

A total of 125 shoulders were studied. There were 9 postoperative nerve-related complications. The patients experienced the most pain relief in the first 12 hours.

Conclusion

The dry catheter technique allows differentiation between complications associated with regional anesthesia versus those associated with the surgery. Although interscalene anesthesia provided effective pain control, we stopped using it because we felt its complication rate was too high.
The Prevalence of Hyperechoic Rim in Solid Focal Liver Lesions and Its Implication
Authors: Wu Size , Zuo Dongsheng , Hong Yamin
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical implications of the hyperechoic rim of liver focal solid lesions. A retrospective review was conducted of sonograms of focal liver lesions with a hyperechoic rim, as well as relative examinations such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, resection, and histopathology reports. A cohort of 10 232 patients was found to have solid focal liver lesions (2030 malignant, 8202 benign). A hyperechoic rim was determined in 182 hemangiomas, 2 granulomas, 2 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and 4 other malignancies. There were significant differences between malignant and benign lesions ( P < .001), between HCCs and hemangiomas ( P < .001), between malignancies and hemangiomas ( P < .001), between HCCs and granulomas ( P = .044), and between other malignancies and granulomas ( P = .005). There was no significant difference between liver granulomas and hemangiomas ( P = .656). In this study, a hyperechoic rim in solid focal liver lesions appeared mainly in hemangiomas, granulomas, and rarely in malignant lesions.
Aberrant CD137 ligand expression induced by GATA6 overexpression promotes tumor progression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kamijo Hiroaki , Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Shishido-Takahashi Naomi , Nakajima Rina , Oka Tomonori , Suga Hiraku , Sugaya Makoto , Sato Shinichi
Published: September 2018

Key Points

Overexpression of GATA6 induces aberrant CD137L expression on tumor cells of CTCL. CD137-CD137L interactions promote cell proliferation and migration in CTCL cells, representing potential therapeutic targets.
Adiposity Genetic Risk Score Modifies the Association Between Blood Lead Level and Body Mass Index
Authors: Wang Ningjian , Lu Meng , Chen Chi , Xia Fangzhen , Han Bing , Li Qin , Cheng Jing , Chen Yi , Zhu Chunfang , Jensen Michael D , Lu Yingli
Published: September 2018

Context

Previous epidemiological studies had inconsistent results regarding the relationship between blood lead level (BLL) and adiposity.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the associations of BLL with body mass index (BMI) particularly using Mendelian randomization analyses and examine the interaction between obesity-predisposing genes and BLL on the associations.

Design and Setting

A total of 3922 participants were enrolled from 16 sites in East China in 2014 from the Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (ChiCTR-ECS-14005052, www.chictr.org.cn). We calculated the weighted BMI genetic risk score (GRS) based on 29 variants that were identified and validated in East Asians. BLL was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.

Main Outcome Measure

BMI was calculated, and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was defined as overweight.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant associations between BMI with each unit increase in lnBLL (β = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.40; P < 0.001) and each 1-point increase in BMI-GRS (β = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.11; P < 0.001). The causal regression coefficients of genetically determined BMI for lnBLL were −0.003 (95% CI, −0.075 to 0.070), which showed no significance. The GRS modified the association of BLL with BMI and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; P for interaction = 0.031 and 0.001, respectively). Each unit of lnBLL was associated with 63% higher odds of overweight (OR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.05) in the highest quartile of GRS, but no significant associations were found in the lower three quartiles.

Conclusions

The associations of BLL with BMI and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were significantly modulated by BMI genetic susceptibility.
Decolonizing Extinction
Authors: Parreñas Juno Salazar
Published: September 2018

In Decolonizing Extinction Juno Salazar Parreñas ethnographically traces the ways in which colonialism, decolonization, and indigeneity shape relations that form more-than-human worlds at orangutan rehabilitation centers on Borneo. Parreñas tells the interweaving stories of wildlife workers and the centers' endangered animals while demonstrating the inseparability of risk and futurity from orangutan care. Drawing on anthropology, primatology, Southeast Asian history, gender studies, queer theory, and science and technology studies, Parreñas suggests that examining workers’ care for these semi-wild apes can serve as a basis for cultivating mutual but unequal vulnerability in an era of annihilation. Only by considering rehabilitation from perspectives thus far ignored, Parreñas contends, could conservation biology turn away from ultimately violent investments in population growth and embrace a feminist sense of welfare, even if it means experiencing loss and pain.
Living inside the box: environmental effects on mouse models of human disease
Authors: Sundberg John P. , Schofield Paul N.
Published: September 2018

The impact of the laboratory environment on animal models of human disease, particularly the mouse, has recently come under intense scrutiny regarding both the reproducibility of such environments and their ability to accurately recapitulate elements of human environmental conditions. One common objection to the use of mice in highly controlled facilities is that humans live in much more diverse and stressful environments, which affects the expression and characteristics of disease phenotypes. In this Special Article, we review some of the known effects of the laboratory environment on mouse phenotypes and compare them with environmental effects on humans that modify phenotypes or, in some cases, have driven genetic adaptation. We conclude that the ‘boxes’ inhabited by mice and humans have much in common, but that, when attempting to tease out the effects of environment on phenotype, a controlled and, importantly, well-characterized environment is essential.
Head width influences flow sensing by the lateral line canal system in fishes
Authors: Yanagitsuru Yuzo R. , Akanyeti Otar , Liao James C.
Published: September 2018

The architecture of the cephalic lateral line canal system, with distinct lines for the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibular canals, is highly conserved among fish species. Because these canals lay on a cranial platform, the sensory input they receive is expected to change based on how flow interacts with the head and how the canal pores are spatially distributed. In this study, we explore how head width, a trait that can vary greatly between species and across ontogeny, affects flow sensing. We inserted pressure sensors into physical fish head models of varying widths (narrow, intermediate, and wide) and placed these models in steady and vortical flows. We measured sensory performance in terms of detecting flow parameters (flow speed, vortex shedding frequency, and cylinder diameter), sensitivity, (change in pressure gradient as a function of flow speed) and signal-to-noise ratio (strength of vortex shedding frequency with respect to background). Our results show that in all model heads the amount of hydrodynamic information was maximized at the anterior region regardless of what metric we used to evaluate the sensory performance. In addition, we discovered that all model heads had the highest signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for vortices at the intermediate flow speeds but that each head width passively optimized the SNR for different sized vortices, which may have implications for refuge and prey seeking. Our results provide insight into the sensory ecology of fishes and has implications for the design of autonomous underwater vehicles.
Production and Welfare: Progress in Economic Measurement
Authors: Jorgenson Dale W.
Published: September 2018

While the GDP was intended by its originators as a measure of production, the absence of a measure of welfare in the national accounts has led to widespread misuse of the GDP to proxy welfare. Measures of welfare are needed to appraise the outcomes of changes in economic policies and evaluate the results. Concepts that describe the income distribution, such as poverty and inequality, fall within the scope of welfare rather than production. This paper reviews recent advances in the measurement of production and welfare within the national accounts, primarily in the United States and international organizations. Expanding the framework beyond the national accounts has led to important innovations in the measurement of both production and welfare. (JEL D63, E01, E23, E24, E31, I20)
The End of Alchemy by Mervyn King: A Review Essay
Authors: Farmer Roger E. A.
Published: September 2018

I review The End of Alchemy by Mervyn King, published by W. W. Norton and Company in 2016. I discuss King’s proposed regulatory reform, the “pawnbroker for all seasons” (PFAS), and I compare it to an alternative solution developed in my own work. I argue that unregulated trade in the financial markets will not, in general, lead to Pareto-optimal allocations. As a consequence, solutions like the PFAS that correct problems with existing institutions are likely to be circumvented by the development of new ones. (JEL D81, D82, E44, G01, G18, G28, L51)
ENGARUH KAPASITAS SUMBERDAYA MANUSIA DAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DENGAN VARIABEL INTERVENING SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN PEMERINTAH Studi pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kota Cirebon
Authors: Puspita Deasy Hary Rahman , Amalia Dewi
Published: September 2018

he quality of local government financial reporting is influenced by several factors: human resources capacity, information technology utilization, and system of government internal control. Independent variable in this research are human resources capacity, information technology utilization, and system of government internal control as intervening variable, and quality of local government financial reporting as dependent variable. Respondents on this research are SKPD’s accounting departement in Cirebon. This research use purposive sampling with 84 respondents. The result found that human resources capacity have influence toward quality of local government financial reporting, while information technology utilization, and system of government internal control have not influence toward quality of local government financial reporting. The human resources capacity and information technology utilization have influence toward system of government internal control. The main requirement testing intervening variable is a variable system of government internal control have influence toward quality of local government financial reporting. The results showed tha system of government internal control have no influence toward quality of local government financial reporting.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN MENTAL BERWIRAUSAHA TERHADAP MINAT MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI UNTUK BERWIRAUSAHA STUDI PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
Authors: Agung Alvian Dhian , Sumaryanto Sumaryanto
Published: September 2018

Effect of entrepreneurship education has been considered as one of the important factors to grow and develop interest in entrepreneurship among students. With the influence of entrepreneurship education, required an understanding of how to foster young entrepreneur potential while still in college. Several previous studies mention that the student interest in entrepreneurship is the source for the birth of future entrepreneurs. The researchers using purposive sampling. The samples used in this study were 45 students majoring in Accounting active in the UAD (Ahmad Dahlan University), class of 2009 who have followed the entrepreneurship courses given, and active semester 2013/2014. Source of data obtained from questionnaires, and then analyzed using analysis techniques using multiple linear analysis techniques and tested with the F test and t test. From the test results we concluded that the resulting regression analysis to determine the effect of motivation on student interest in accounting for entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship does not affect the mental accounting student interest in UAD for entrepreneurship.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO: Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2012-2015
Authors: Yuwono Wahyu , Kurniawati Indah
Published: September 2018

The dividend payout ratio determines the amount of profit divided into cash dividends and retained earnings as a source of funding. This ratio shows the percentage of company earnings paid to the company's common shareholders in the form of cash dividends. This research was conducted at manufacturing companies listed on BEI. The technique of determining the sample in this study using purposive sampling method. The type of data used is secondary data derived from annual financial statements. Data collection techniques used are documentation techniques. Manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange from 2012-2015 amounted to 143, while companies that fit the criteria in this study as many as 21 companies or 15%. Data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis. The result of hypothesis testing from this research shows that firm size and return on assets influence to dividend payout ratio while cash position, ownership, free cash flow, investment opportunity set does not affect dividend payout ratio.
Key areas of cost-effective interventions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bostock-Cox Beverley
Published: September 2018

Value in healthcare can be measured by balancing the outcomes achieved against the cost of achieving those outcomes. In this article, the cost implications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are addressed through identification of the key areas where cost-effective care can be implemented.