bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser-driven generation of high-quality ultra-relativistic positron beams
Authors: Sarri G.
Published: November 2014

An ultra-relativistic electron beam propagating through a high-Z solid triggers an electromagnetic cascade, whereby a large number of high-energy photons and electron–positron pairs are produced mainly via the bremsstrahlung and Bethe–Heitler processes, respectively. These mechanisms are routinely used to generate positron beams in conventional accelerators such as the electron–positron collider (LEP). Here we show that the application of similar physical mechanisms to a laser-driven electron source allows for the generation of high-quality positron beams in a much more compact and cheaper configuration. We anticipate that the application of these results to the next generation of lasers might open the pathway for the realization of an all-optical high-energy electron–positron collider.
REGULARIZING PRIORS FOR LINEAR INVERSE PROBLEMS
Authors: Florens Jean-Pierre , Simoni Anna
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes a new Bayesian approach for estimating, nonparametrically, functional parameters in econometric models that are characterized as the solution of a linear inverse problem. By using a Gaussian process prior we propose the posterior mean as an estimator and prove frequentist consistency of the posterior distribution. The latter provides the frequentist validation of our Bayesian procedure. We show that the minimax rate of contraction of the posterior distribution can be obtained provided that either the regularity of the prior matches the regularity of the true parameter or the prior is scaled at an appropriate rate. The scaling parameter of the prior distribution plays the role of a regularization parameter. We propose a new data-driven method for optimally selecting in practice this regularization parameter. We also provide sufficient conditions such that the posterior mean, in a conjugate-Gaussian setting, is equal to a Tikhonov-type estimator in a frequentist setting. Under these conditions our data-driven method is valid for selecting the regularization parameter of the Tikhonov estimator as well. Finally, we apply our general methodology to two leading examples in econometrics: instrumental regression and functional regression estimation.
Distribution of the community of frugivorous birds along a successional gradient in a tropical dry forest in south-western Mexico
Authors: Almazán-Núñez R. Carlos , Arizmendi María del Coro , Eguiarte Luis E. , Corcuera Pablo
Published: November 2014

Few reports have described the relationship between the distribution of frugivorous birds and vegetation successional changes in dry forests. We assessed the abundance and behaviour of frugivorous birds in early, intermediate and mature dry forests in the Balsas river basin, Guerrero, Mexico. We selected nine dry-forest fragments, three fragments per stage, in these three stages of succession. We analysed the vegetation, estimated bird abundances in 10-min count periods, and recorded the way birds process fruits in circular plots (11–15 plots per fragment, 123 plots in total). Birds were classified as seed predators (15% of all individuals in this study), pulp consumers (15%) or legitimate dispersers (70%). Bird abundance was higher in mature forests in the dry season, while abundance and richness of legitimate dispersers and seed predators were positively related to vegetation complexity. Mature forests have a high vegetation complexity and a high cover ofBurseraspecies that produce fruit during the dry season. During the rains, abundance was higher in early-successional sites when the zoochorous plants produced fruit. Legitimate disperser migrants (i.e.Tyrannus vociferans, Myiarchus cinerascensandM. tyrannulus) were widespread, helping the establishment of zoochorous trees such asBurseraspp. in early-successional forests.
Infection risk factors associated with seropositivity forToxoplasma gondiiin a population-based study in the Central Region, Ghana
Authors: ABU E. K. , BOAMPONG J. N. , AYI I. , GHARTEY-KWANSAH G. , AFOAKWAH R. , NSIAH P. , BLAY E.
Published: November 2014

About 20–90% of the world's population has had contact withToxoplasma gondiiparasites. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Central Region, Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected communities. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiIgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. A serological criterion for seropositivity was a positive test result for any of the two anti-ToxoplasmaIgG or IgM antibodies or a combination of both. In all, 390 participants of mean age 47·0 years consisting of 118 (30·3%) males and 272 (69·7%) females were tested. The overall seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas 85% (333/390) where fishermen, farmers and fishmongers, respectively, had the highest seropositivity. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 329 (84%) and 25 (6%), respectively, while both IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 21 (5%) of the participants. Respectively, 1% (4/390) and 79% (308/390) of participants tested positive for IgM-only and IgG-only antibodies. There was a significant relationship betweenToxoplasmaseropositivity and contact with soil, presence of a cat in the surrounding area, age, sources of drinking water, level of formal education, and socioeconomic status. The results suggest that the seashore may serve as a good ground for sporulation and survival ofToxoplasmaoocysts.
Spatial dynamics of a lattice population model with two age classes and maturation delay
Authors: WU SHI-LIANG , WENG PEIXUAN , RUAN SHIGUI
Published: November 2014

This paper is concerned with the spatial dynamics of a monostable delayed age-structured population model in a 2D lattice strip. When there exists no positive equilibrium, we prove the global attractivity of the zero equilibrium. Otherwise, we give some sufficient conditions to guarantee the global attractivity of the unique positive equilibrium by establishing a series of comparison arguments. Furthermore, when those conditions do not hold, we show that the system is uniformly persistent. Finally, the spreading speed, including the upward convergence, is established for the model without the monotonicity of the growth function. The linear determinacy of the spreading speed and its coincidence with the minimal wave speed are also proved.
Low dietary intake of magnesium is associated with increased externalising behaviours in adolescents
Authors: Black Lucinda J , Allen Karina L , Jacoby Peter , Trapp Gina S , Gallagher Caroline M , Byrne Susan M , Oddy Wendy H
Published: November 2014

Objective

Adequate Zn and Mg intakes may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary intakes of Zn and Mg and internalising and externalising behaviour problems in a population-based cohort of adolescents.

Design

Prospective analysis (general linear mixed models) of dietary intakes of Zn and Mg assessed using a validated FFQ and mental health symptoms assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR), adjusting for sex, physical activity, family income, supplement status, dietary misreporting, BMI, family functioning and energy intake.

Setting

Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.

Subjects

Adolescents (n 684) at the 14- and 17-year follow-ups.

Results

Higher dietary intake of Mg (per sd increase) was significantly associated with reduced externalising behaviours (β=−1·45; 95 % CI −2·40, −0·50; P=0·003). There was a trend towards reduced externalising behaviours with higher Zn intake (per sd increase; β=−0·73; 95 % CI −1·57, 0·10; P=0·085).

Conclusions

The study shows an association between higher dietary Mg intake and reduced externalising behaviour problems in adolescents. We observed a similar trend, although not statistically significant, for Zn intake. Randomised controlled trials are necessary to determine any benefit of micronutrient supplementation in the prevention and treatment of mental health problems in adolescents.
THE THEORY OF SPECTRUM EXCHANGEABILITY
Authors: HOWARTH E. , PARIS J. B.
Published: November 2014

Spectrum Exchangeability, Sx, is an irrelevance principle of Pure Inductive Logic, and arguably the most natural (but not the only) extension of Atom Exchangeability to polyadic languages. It has been shown1that all probability functions which satisfy Sx are comprised of a mixture of two essential types of probability functions; heterogeneous and homogeneous functions. We determine the theory of Spectrum Exchangeability, which for a fixed languageLis the set of sentences ofLwhich must be assigned probability 1 by every probability function satisfying Sx, by examining separately the theories of heterogeneity and homogeneity. We find that the theory of Sx is equal to the theory of finite structures, i.e., those sentences true in all finite structures forL, and it emerges that Sx is inconsistent with the principle of Super-Regularity (Universal Certainty). As a further consequence we are able to characterize those probability functions which satisfy Sx and the Finite Values Property.
Asymmetric coplanar inverted L-strip-fed monopole antenna with modified ground for dual band application
Authors: Ansal Kalikuzhackal Abbas , Shanmuganatham Thangavelu
Published: November 2014

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna for dual-band application is presented. The single-layer antenna composed of inverted L-shaped exciting strip and an L-shaped lateral ground plane. The antenna resonating at two different frequencies, 2.4 and 5.8 GHz is covering the wireless local area network/radio frequency identification bands. The antenna has an overall dimension of 35 × 5.7 mm2when printed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. The planar design, simple feeding, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into circuit boards. Details of the antenna design, and simulated and experimental results are presented and discussed. The experimental result shows good conformity with simulated results. The simulation tool based on the method of moments (Mentor Graphics IE3D version 15.10) has been used to analyze and optimize the antenna.
A true-time-delay networks design technique
Authors: Leggieri Alberto , Passi Davide , Di Paolo Franco
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes a technique to design wide band switched-line (SL) true-time-delay (TTD) networks, commonly used for phased array antenna (PAA) applications. This study investigates the constant-delay behavior of switched-line phase shifters based on single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches. Circuit sizing starts by considering the effective S-parameters of the switches, to use their non-idealities as an integral part of the phase shift linearly dependent to the frequency and by considering, from the beginning, the possible spatial positioning of elements that allows the circuit feasibility as a design target. The aim of this study is to provide a technique suitable for the design of well-matched TTD networks with a flat delay in wide bandwidth. In this paper, we propose new design formulas for which we show a single-frequency implementation. A computational strategy is used to obtain numerical solutions of the derived equations with this study. Finally, a monolithic X-band TTD circuit example is shown.
Tumor-induced senescent T cells promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors by human monocytes/macrophages through a mechanism that involves Tim-3 and CD40L
Authors: Ramello M C , Tosello Boari J , Canale F P , Mena H A , Negrotto S , Gastman B , Gruppi A , Acosta Rodríguez E V , Montes C L
Published: November 2014

Solid tumors are infiltrated by immune cells where macrophages and senescent T cells are highly represented. Within the tumor microenvironment, a cross-talk between the infiltrating cells may occur conditioning the characteristic of the in situ immune response. Our previous work showed that tumors induce senescence of T cells, which are powerful suppressors of lympho-proliferation. In this study, we report that Tumor-Induced Senescent (TIS)-T cells may also modulate monocyte activation. To gain insight into this interaction, CD4+ or CD8+TIS-T or control-T cells were co-incubated with autologous monocytes under inflammatory conditions. After co-culture with CD4+ or CD8+TIS-T cells, CD14+ monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Ma) exhibit a higher expression of CD16+ cells and a reduced expression of CD206. These Mo/Ma produce nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; however, TIS-T cells do not modify phagocyte capacity of Mo/Ma. TIS-T modulated-Mo/Ma show a higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β and IL-6) and angiogenic factors (MMP-9, VEGF-A and IL-8) and a lower IL-10 and IP-10 secretion than monocytes co-cultured with controls. The mediator(s) present in the supernatant of TIS-T cell/monocyte-macrophage co-cultures promote(s) tubulogenesis and tumor-cell survival. Monocyte-modulation induced by TIS-T cells requires cell-to-cell contact. Although CD4+ shows different behavior from CD8+TIS-T cells, blocking mAbs against T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 and CD40 ligand reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors production, indicating that these molecules are involved in monocyte/macrophage modulation by TIS-T cells. Our results revealed a novel role for TIS-T cells in human monocyte/macrophage modulation, which may have deleterious consequences for tumor progression. This modulation should be considered to best tailor the immunotherapy against cancer.
Molecular Characterization of the Monoclonal Antibodies Composing ZMAb: A Protective Cocktail Against Ebola Virus
Authors: Audet Jonathan , Wong Gary , Wang Han , Lu Guangwen , Gao George F. , Kobinger Gary , Qiu Xiangguo
Published: November 2014

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates, with a case fatality rate of up to 88% in human outbreaks. Over the past 3 years, monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails have demonstrated high efficacy as treatments against EBOV infection. One such cocktail is ZMAb, which consists of three mouse antibodies, 1H3, 2G4 and 4G7. Here, we present the epitope binding properties of mAbs 1H3, 2G4 and 4G7. We showed that these antibodies have different variable region sequences, suggesting that the individual mAbs are not clonally related. All three antibodies were found to neutralize EBOV variant Mayinga. Additionally, 2G4 and 4G7 were shown to cross-inhibit each other in vitro and select for an escape mutation at the same position on the EBOV glycoprotein (GP), at amino acid 508. 1H3 selects an escape mutant at amino acid 273 on EBOV GP. Surface plasmon resonance studies showed that all three antibodies have dissociation constants on the order of 10−7. In combination with previous studies evaluating the binding sites of other protective antibodies, our results suggest that antibodies targeting the GP1-GP2 interface and the glycan cap are often selected as efficacious antibodies for post-exposure interventions against EBOV.
Industrially benign super-compressible piezoresistive carbon foams with predefined wetting properties: from environmental to electrical applications
Authors: Pham Tung Ngoc , Samikannu Ajaikumar , Kukkola Jarmo , Rautio Anne-Riikka , Pitkänen Olli , Dombovari Aron , Lorite Gabriela Simone , Sipola Teemu , Toth Geza , Mohl Melinda , Mikkola Jyri-Pekka , Kordas Krisztian
Published: November 2014

In the present work electrically conductive, flexible, lightweight carbon sponge materials derived from open-pore structure melamine foams are studied and explored. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface properties - depending on the chosen treatment conditions - allow the separation and storage of liquid chemical compounds. Activation of the carbonaceous structures substantially increases the specific surface area from ~4 m2g−1 to ~345 m2g−1, while retaining the original three-dimensional, open-pore structure suitable for hosting, for example, Ni catalyst nanoparticles. In turn the structure is rendered suitable for hydrogenating acetone to 2-propanol and methyl isobutyl ketone as well for growing hierarchical carbon nanotube structures used as electric double-layer capacitor electrodes with specific capacitance of ~40 F/g. Mechanical stress-strain analysis indicates the materials are super-compressible (>70% volume reduction) and viscoelastic with excellent damping behavior (loss of 0.69 ± 0.07), while piezoresistive measurements show very high gauge factors (from ~20 to 50) over a large range of deformations. The cost-effective, robust and scalable synthesis - in conjunction with their fascinating multifunctional utility - makes the demonstrated carbon foams remarkable competitors with other three-dimensional carbon materials typically based on pyrolyzed biopolymers or on covalently bonded graphene and carbon nanotube frameworks.
Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits neointima formation after vascular injury
Authors: Ishimura Shutaro , Furuhashi Masato , Mita Tomohiro , Fuseya Takahiro , Watanabe Yuki , Hoshina Kyoko , Kokubu Nobuaki , Inoue Katsumi , Yoshida Hideaki , Miura Tetsuji
Published: November 2014

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inappropriate adaptation through the unfolded protein response (UPR) are predominant features of pathological processes. However, little is known about the link between ER stress and endovascular injury. We investigated the involvement of ER stress in neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury. The femoral arteries of 7-8-week-old male mice were subjected to wire-induced vascular injury. After 4 weeks, immunohistological analysis showed that ER stress markers were upregulated in the hyperplastic neointima. Neointima formation was increased by 54.8% in X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) heterozygous mice, a model of compromised UPR. Knockdown of Xbp1 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC) in vitro promoted cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, treatment with ER stress reducers, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), decreased the intima-to-media ratio after wire injury by 50.0% and 72.8%, respectively. Chronic stimulation of CASMC with PDGF-BB activated the UPR and treatment with 4-PBA and TUDCA significantly suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced ER stress markers in CASMC and the proliferation and migration of CASMC. In conclusion, increased ER stress contributes to neointima formation after vascular injury, while UPR signaling downstream of XBP1 plays a suppressive role. Suppression of ER stress would be a novel strategy against post-angioplasty vascular restenosis.
Core–shell nano-sized magnetic molecularly imprinted solid phase extractant coupled with HPLC for the selective isolation and determination of 17β-estradiol in a lake water sample
Authors: Gao Ruixia , Hao Yi , Zhang Lili , Cui Xihui , Liu Dechun , Tang Yuhai
Published: November 2014

A novel type of core–shell molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles was synthesized for the selective extraction and detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) in lake water samples.
CO2 and temperature dual responsive “Smart” MXene phases
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Ke , Tong Dingyi , Huang Youju , Zhang Jiawei , Xue Jianming , Huang Qing , Chen Tao
Published: November 2014

CO2 and temperature responsive properties of PDMAEMA allow V2C@PDMAEMA to be used as a smart hybrid system in sensing applications.
Visual detection of Ca2+based on aggregation-induced emission of Au(i)–Cys complexes with superb selectivity
Authors: Guo Yahui , Tong Xiaoyan , Ji Liya , Wang Zhili , Wang Hongyan , Hu Jiming , Pei Renjun
Published: November 2014

An interesting Au(i)–Cys complex was employed for the optical detection of Ca2+based on an aggregation-induced emission phenomenon. This AIE property of Au(i)–thiol complexes may provide a universal sensing strategy by employing different mercapto-appended ligands.
Electrochemical “read–write” microscale patterning of boron doped diamond electrodes
Authors: Patten Hollie V. , Hutton Laura A. , Webb Jennifer R. , Newton Mark E. , Unwin Patrick R. , Macpherson Julie V.
Published: November 2014

We report the use of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) for the electrochemical “read–write” patterning of boron doped diamond electrodes.
A novel fluorene-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active gold(i) complex with crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE) and reversible mechanochromism characteristics
Authors: Chen Zhao , Zhang Jing , Song Min , Yin Jun , Yu Guang-Ao , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: November 2014

A novel fluorene-based AIE-active gold(i) complex is reported. The luminogen exhibits a CIEE effect and reversible mechanochromism behavior.
Flying upconversion fluorescent particles and direct observation of energy transfer and depopulation processes
Authors: Zheng Kezhi , Qin Weiping , Qin Guanshi , Zhao Dan , Wu Changfeng
Published: November 2014

Flying particles with visible fluorescence were observed when a target, ZnF2:Tm3+/Yb3+, was irradiated by using a 953.6 nm pulsed infrared laser.
Biosensing by luminogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristics
Authors: Kwok Ryan T. K. , Leung Chris W. T. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2014

This tutorial review outlines the concept of aggregation-induced emission and its utility in biosensing applications.
Design of UV-Vis-NIR panchromatic crown-phthalocyanines with controllable aggregation
Authors: Safonova Evgeniya A. , Martynov Alexander G. , Zolotarevskii Viktor I. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu.
Published: November 2014

Novel donor–acceptor phthalocyanines bearing 15-crown-5-oxanthrene fragments are designed and synthesized to expand light absorbance for further optoelectronic applications.
A series of MOFs based on a triangular tri(4-pyridylphenyl)amine ligand combined with carboxylate or nitrate auxiliary ligands
Authors: Meng Fandian , Zhang Mingdao , Shen Kang , Li Yizhi , Zheng Hegen
Published: November 2014

A series of new metal–organic frameworks based on a triangular tri(4-pyridylphenyl)amine (TPPA) ligand that possess novel structures and features have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized in detail.
Ruthenium-catalyzed dealkenative N-silylation of amines by substituted vinylsilanes
Authors: Marciniec Bogdan , Kostera Sylwia , Wyrzykiewicz Bożena , Pawluć Piotr
Published: November 2014

The [RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)2]-catalyzed N-silylation of primary and secondary amines with substituted vinylsilanes leads to the formation of a Si–N bond with the evolution of olefin.
Synthesis of high quality alkyl naphthenic kerosene by reacting an oil refinery with a biomass refinery stream
Authors: Arias Karen S. , Climent Maria J. , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara
Published: November 2014

Alkylation of aromatics with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of large pore acid zeolites followed by hydrodeoxygenation yields high quality kerosene.
Testing the near field/far field model performance for prediction of particulate matter emissions in a paint factory
Authors: Koivisto A. J. , Jensen A. C. Ø. , Levin M. , Kling K. I. , Maso M. Dal , Nielsen S. H. , Jensen K. A. , Koponen I. K.
Published: November 2014

Here we tested how well a NF/FF dispersion model predicts particulate matter concentrations when source emission potency was estimated using a material dustiness index.
A siphonage flow and thread-based low-cost platform enables quantitative and sensitive assays
Authors: Lu Fang , Mao Qingqing , Wu Rui , Zhang Shenghai , Du Jianxiu , Lv Jiagen
Published: November 2014

A pump-free siphonage flow microfluidic platform is demonstrated for quantitative and sensitive detection in the form of a thread-based device and sensor.
On the necessity and biological significance of threshold-free regulon prediction outputs
Authors: Rigali Sébastien , Nivelle Renaud , Tocquin Pierre
Published: November 2014

Regulon prediction tools are trendy in system biology but software developers, concerned for providing reliable outputs, often impose rigid screening parameters. We discuss and illustrate why biologists should utilize tools that allow lowering threshold scores set by default in order to discover unexpected but essential cis–trans relationships.
Targeted delivery of photoactive diazido PtIV complexes conjugated with fluorescent carbon dots
Authors: Yang Xiao-Dong , Xiang Hui-Jing , An Lu , Yang Shi-Ping , Liu Jin-Gang
Published: November 2014

Visible light activation of fluorescent Pt(iv)–azide functionalized carbon dots induces targeted cell cytotoxicity comparable with that of cisplatin.
Tunable scattering from liquid crystal devices using carbon nanotubes network electrodes
Authors: Khan Ammar A. , Dabera G. Dinesha M. R. , Butt Haider , Qasim Malik M. , Amaratunga Gehan A. J. , Silva S. Ravi P. , Wilkinson Timothy D.
Published: November 2014

We demonstrate a rare combination of polymer wrapped single walled carbon nanotubes with liquid crystals to produce switchable optoelectronic devices.
Ultra-long zinc oxide nanowires and boron doping based on ionic liquid assisted thermal chemical vapor deposition growth
Authors: Menzel Andreas , Komin Kris , Yang Yang , Güder Firat , Trouillet Vanessa , Werner Peter , Zacharias Margit
Published: November 2014

The use of ionic liquids can enhance the growth of ZnO nanowires by thermal CVD strongly. Ultra-long VLS ZnO nanowires grow with a high yield in response to the additional ionic liquid source.
One-pot solvothermal synthesis of graphene wrapped rice-like ferrous carbonate nanoparticles as anode materials for high energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Ruihan , Feng Jinkui , Ci Lijie , Xiong Shenglin , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai , Li Lifei
Published: November 2014

Well dispersed rice-like FeCO3 nanoparticles were produced and combined with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via a one-pot solvothermal route.
Synthesis of γ-nitroaldehydes containing quaternary carbon in the α-position using a 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase whole-cell biocatalyst
Authors: Radivojevic Jelena , Minovska Gordana , Senerovic Lidija , O'Connor Kevin , Jovanovic Predrag , Savic Vladimir , Tokic-Vujosevic Zorana , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Maslak Veselin
Published: November 2014

Synthetically valuable quaternary carbon containing γ-nitroaldehydes were obtained from branched chain aldehydes and a range of α,β-unsaturated nitroalkenes by a whole-cell biocatalytic reaction using 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase as catalyst.
From micron to nano-curcumin by sophorolipid co-processing: highly enhanced bioavailability, fluorescence, and anti-cancer efficacy
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Wani Kirtee , Kaul-Ghanekar Ruchika , Prabhune Asmita , Ogale Satishchandra
Published: November 2014

Co-sonication of curcumin and acidic sophorolipid in aqueous solution is shown to lead to a dramatic enhancement of curcumin bioavailability through size reduction and encapsulation.
Catalytic cracking of jatropha-derived fast pyrolysis oils with VGO and their NMR characterization
Authors: Naik Desavath V. , Kumar Vimal , Prasad Basheshwar , Poddar Mukesh K. , Behera Babita , Bal Rajaram , Khatri Om. P. , Adhikari Dilip K. , Garg Madhukar O.
Published: November 2014

The FCC product distribution on catalytic cracking of jatropha-derived fast pyrolysis oil (FPO) with VGO, hydrodeoxygenated oil (HDO) with VGO, and pure VGO is compared. The oxy-components in FPO and HDO are analyzed using 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR.
The effect of hydroxytyrosol and its nitroderivatives on catechol-O-methyl transferase activity in rat striatal tissue
Authors: Gallardo Elena , Madrona Andrés , Palma-Valdés Rocío , Trujillo Mariana , Espartero José Luis , Santiago Marti
Published: November 2014

Hydroxytyrosol and its nitroderivatives show a remarkable activity in the dopamine metabolism, suggesting a putative effect against PD as novel and lipophilic COMT inhibitors.
Novel reduction-sensitive pullulan-based micelles with good hemocompatibility for efficient intracellular doxorubicin delivery
Authors: Wang Xianwu , Wang Jingyun , Bao Yongming , Wang Benhua , Wang Xiaohong , Chen Lili
Published: November 2014

A novel reduction-sensitive pullulan-based biocompatible material can self-assemble into nanomicelles and release loaded drug triggered by reductive condition.
Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of arylboronic acids to gold(iii)
Authors: Maity Ayan , Sulicz Amanda N. , Deligonul Nihal , Zeller Matthias , Hunter Allen D. , Gray Thomas G.
Published: November 2014

Cyclometalated gold(iii) aryls are prepared through palladium catalysis. Mono- and diarylation are demonstrated. A wide range of functional groups is tolerated.
Synthesis of conjugated microporous polymer nanotubes with large surface areas as absorbents for iodine and CO2 uptake
Authors: Chen Yingfan , Sun Hanxue , Yang Ruixia , Wang Tingting , Pei Chunjuan , Xiang Zhentao , Zhu Zhaoqi , Liang Weidong , Li An , Deng Weiqiao
Published: November 2014

Conjugated microporous polymer nanotubes (CMPNs) were synthesized and employed as a platform for investigation of CO2 and I2 adsorption. A high adsorption capacity of up to 208 wt% for reversible I2 capture was achieved.
High nitrogen-content carbon nanosheets formed using the Schiff-base reaction in a molten salt medium as efficient anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: He Bin , Li Wen-Cui , Lu An-Hui
Published: November 2014

A series of porous carbon nanosheet materials with a high nitrogen content have been prepared using melamine and terephthalaldehyde as carbon precursors through the Schiff-base reaction in a molten salt medium.
Sandwich-like Cr2O3–graphite intercalation composites as high-stability anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Wei , Hou Mengyan , Li Chao , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: November 2014

Novel sandwich-like Cr2O3–graphite intercalation composites (Cr2O3–GICs) were synthesized via an intercalation–transformation method.
Exploring the correlation between the sequence composition of the nucleotide binding G5 loop of the FeoB GTPase domain (NFeoB) and intrinsic rate of GDP release
Authors: Guilfoyle Amy P. , Deshpande Chandrika N. , Schenk Gerhard , Maher Megan J. , Jormakka Mika
Published: November 2014

GDP release from GTPases is usually extremely slow and is in general assisted by external factors, such as association with guanine exchange factors or membrane-embedded GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors), which accelerate the release of GDP by several orders of magnitude. Intrinsic factors can also play a significant role; a single amino acid substitution in one of the guanine nucleotide recognition motifs, G5, results in a drastically altered GDP release rate, indicating that the sequence composition of this motif plays an important role in spontaneous GDP release. In the present study, we used the GTPase domain from EcNFeoB (Escherichia coli FeoB) as a model and applied biochemical and structural approaches to evaluate the role of all the individual residues in the G5 loop. Our study confirms that several of the residues in the G5 motif have an important role in the intrinsic affinity and release of GDP. In particular, a T151A mutant (third residue of the G5 loop) leads to a reduced nucleotide affinity and provokes a drastically accelerated dissociation of GDP.
A new potential energy surface and microwave and infrared spectra of the He-OCS complex
Authors: Wang Zhongquan , Feng Eryin , Zhang Chunzao , Sun Chunyan
Published: November 2014

A new high quality potential energy surface for the He-OCS van der Waals complex was calculated using the CCSD(T) method and avqz+33221 basis set. It is found that the global minimum energy is −51.33 cm−1 at Re = 6.30a0 and θe = 110.0°, the shallower minimum is located at R = 8.50a0 and θ = 0° with well depth −32.26 cm−1. Using the fitted potential energy surface, we have calculated bound energy levels of the He-OCS, He-O13CS, He-OC34S, and 3He-OCS complexes. The theoretical results are all in better agreement compared to previous theoretical work.
The interaction of OH(X2Π) with H2: Ab initio potential energy surfaces and bound states
Authors: Ma Qianli , Kłos Jacek , Alexander Millard H. , van der Avoird Ad , Dagdigian Paul J.
Published: November 2014

For the interaction of OH(X2Π) with H2, under the assumption of fixed OH and H2 bond distances, we have determined two new sets of four-dimensional ab initio potential energy surfaces (PES’s). The first set of PES’s was computed with the multi-reference configuration interaction method [MRCISD+Q(Davidson)], and the second set with an explicitly correlated coupled cluster method [RCCSD(T)-F12a] sampling the subset of geometries possessing a plane of symmetry. Both sets of PES’s are fit to an analytical form suitable for bound state and scattering calculations. The CCSD(T) dissociation energies (D0) of the OH–para-H2 and the OH–ortho-H2 complexes are computed to be 36.1 and 53.7 cm−1. The latter value is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 54 cm−1.
Observation in the gas phase of the ligation of 1-Methylimidazole to hemoprotein mimics
Authors: Shafizadeh Niloufar , Ha-Thi Minh-Huong , Poisson Lionel , Soep Benoît , Maillard Philippe
Published: November 2014

Hemoprotein mimics, cobalt picket fence porphyrins have been prepared in the gas phase as neutral molecules for the first time. Their ligation properties have been studied with 1-methylimidazole and compared with those of other cobalt porphyrins, tetraphenyl porphyrin, and cobalt protoporphyrin IX chloride, in view of studying the sterical properties of the ligation. It is shown that the cobalt picket fence porphyrin can only accept one 1-methylimidazole ligand in contrast to less sterically crowded porphyrins like cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin that present two accessible ligation sites. The femtosecond dynamics of these ligated systems have been studied after excitation at 400 nm, in comparison with the unligated ones. The observed transients are formed in much shorter times, 30 fs for the ligated species, as compared to free species (100 fs), supporting the porphyrin to metal charge transfer nature of these transients. The similar decays of the ligated transients <1 ps reveal the absence of photodissociation of the cobalt-1-methylimidazole bond at this step of evolution.
Resonant-frequency discharge in a multi-cell radio frequency cavity
Authors: Popović S. , Upadhyay J. , Mammosser J. , Nikolić M. , Vušković L.
Published: November 2014

We are reporting experimental results on a microwave discharge operating at resonant frequency in a multi-cell radio frequency (RF) accelerator cavity. Although the discharge operated at room temperature, the setup was constructed so that it could be used for plasma generation and processing in fully assembled active superconducting radio-frequency cryo-module. This discharge offers a mechanism for removal of a variety of contaminants, organic or oxide layers, and residual particulates from the interior surface of RF cavities through the interaction of plasma-generated radicals with the cavity walls. We describe resonant RF breakdown conditions and address the issues related to resonant detuning due to sustained multi-cell cavity plasma. We have determined breakdown conditions in the cavity, which was acting as a plasma vessel with distorted cylindrical geometry. We discuss the spectroscopic data taken during plasma removal of contaminants and use them to evaluate plasma parameters, characterize the process, and estimate the volatile contaminant product removal.
Communication: Non-Hadwiger terms in morphological thermodynamics of fluids
Authors: Hansen-Goos Hendrik
Published: November 2014

We demonstrate that the Hadwiger form of the free energy of a fluid in contact with a wall is insufficient to describe the low-density behavior of a hard-sphere fluid. This implies that morphological thermodynamics of the hard-sphere fluid is an approximate theory if only four geometric measures are included. In order to quantify deviations from the Hadwiger form we extend standard fundamental measure theory of the bulk fluid by introducing additional scaled-particle variables which allow for the description of non-Hadwiger coefficients. The theory is in excellent agreement with recent computer simulations. The fact that the leading non-Hadwiger coefficient is one order of magnitude smaller than the smallest Hadwiger coefficient lends confidence to the numerous results that have been previously obtained within standard morphological thermodynamics.
Interpreting the Temporal Dynamics of Perceptual Rivalries
Authors: Gallagher Regan M , Arnold Derek H
Published: November 2014

Diverse forms of perceptual rivalry are claimed to tap a common causal mechanism. One of the bases for this claim is that the reported dynamics of binocular rivalry and motion-induced blindness are similar on an individual basis (Carter & Pettigrew, 2003 Perception, 32, 295–305). We examined this relationship and found no evidence for a strong correlation. We therefore question the proposition that the dynamics of diverse forms of rivalry are driven by a common mechanism.
Dipole vortices in the Great Australian Bight
Authors: Cresswell George R. , Lund-Hansen Lars C. , Holtegaard Nielsen Morten
Published: November 2014

Shipboard measurements from late 2006 made by the Danish Galathea 3 Expedition and satellite sea surface temperature images revealed a chain of cool and warm ‘mushroom’ dipole vortices that mixed warm, salty, oxygen-poor waters on and near the continental shelf of the Great Australian Bight (GAB) with cooler, fresher, oxygen-rich waters offshore. The alternating ‘jets’ flowing into the mushrooms were directed mainly northwards and southwards and differed in temperature by only 1.5°C; however, the salinity difference was as much as 0.5, and therefore quite large. The GAB waters were slightly denser than the cooler offshore waters. The field of dipoles evolved and distorted, but appeared to drift westwards at 5km day–1 over two weeks, and one new mushroom carried GAB water southwards at 7km day–1. Other features encountered between Cape Leeuwin and Tasmania included the Leeuwin Current, the South Australian Current, the Flinders Current and the waters of Bass Strait.
Population genetic structure and demographic history of Pacific blue sharks (Prionace glauca) inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis
Authors: Taguchi Mioko , King Jacquelynne R. , Wetklo Michael , Withler Ruth E. , Yokawa Kotaro
Published: November 2014

Cosmopolitan pelagic species often show shallow genetic divergence and weak, or no, genetic structure across a species’ range. However, there have been few such genetic studies for pelagic sharks. The pelagic blue shark (Prionace glauca) has a broad circumglobal distribution in tropical and temperate oceans. To investigate the population genetic structure and demographic history of this species, we analysed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence for a total of 404 specimens collected from 10 locations across the Indo-Pacific region. The observed genetic diversities were comparable among sampling locations (h=0.77–0.87; π=0.17–0.23%). Spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA), pairwise ΦST and conventional FST estimates, and analysis of isolation with migration indicated weak or no genetic differentiation of this species across the Indo-Pacific region. The results of three phylogeographic analyses (i.e. mismatch distribution and parsimony haplotype network analyses and a neutrality test) suggested that the Pacific blue shark had historically experienced a sudden population expansion. These results, coupled with the biological properties of this species, imply that historical climate fluctuation has had only a minor effect on the genetic structuring of the blue shark.
Design and methods of the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships
Authors: Richters Juliet , Badcock Paul B. , Simpson Judy M. , Shellard David , Rissel Chris , de Visser Richard O. , Grulich Andrew E. , Smith Anthony M. A.
Published: November 2014

Background
This paper describes the methods and process of the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships. Methods: A representative sample of the Australian population was contacted by landline and mobile phone modified random-digit dialling in 2012–13. Computer-assisted telephone interviews elicited sociodemographic and health details as well as sexual behaviour and attitudes. For analysis, the sample was weighted to reflect the study design and further weighted to reflect the location, age and sex distribution of the population at the 2011 Census. Results: Interviews were completed with 9963 men and 10 131 women aged 16–69 years from all states and territories. The overall participation rate among eligible people was 66.2% (63.9% for landline men, 67.9% for landline women and 66.5% for mobile respondents). Accounting for the survey design and adjusting to match the 2011 Census resulted in a weighted sample of 20 094 people (10 056 men and 10 038 women). The sample was broadly representative of the Australian population, although as in most surveys, people with higher education and higher status occupations were over-represented. Data quality was high, with the great majority saying they were not at all or only slightly embarrassed by the questionnaire and almost all saying they were 90–100% honest in their answers. Conclusions: The combination of methods and design in the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships, together with the high participation rate, strongly suggests that the results of the study are robust and broadly representative of the Australian population.
𝑝 harmonic measure in simply connected domains revisited
Authors: Lewis John
Published: November 2014

Let

Ω
\Omega

be a bounded simply connected domain in the complex plane,

C

\mathbb {C}

. Let

N
N

be a neighborhood of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

, let

p
p

be fixed,

1
>
p
>
∞
,

1 > p > \infty ,

and let

u
^

\hat u

be a positive weak solution to the

p
p

Laplace equation in

Ω
∩
N
.

\Omega \cap N.

Assume that

u
^

\hat u

has zero boundary values on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

in the Sobolev sense and extend

u
^

\hat u

to

N
∖
Ω

N \setminus \Omega

by putting

u
^

≡
0

\hat u \equiv 0

on

N
∖
Ω
.

N \setminus \Omega .

Then there exists a positive finite Borel measure

μ
^

\hat \mu

on

C

\mathbb {C}

with support contained in

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and such that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartLayout 1st Row integral StartAbsoluteValue nabla ModifyingAbove u With caret EndAbsoluteValue Superscript p minus 2 Baseline mathematical left-angle nabla ModifyingAbove u With caret comma nabla phi mathematical right-angle d upper A equals minus integral phi d ModifyingAbove mu With caret EndLayout">

∫

|

∇

u
^

|

p
−
2

⟨
∇

u
^

,
∇
ϕ
⟩

d
A
=
−
∫
ϕ

d

μ
^

\begin{eqnarray*} \int | \nabla \hat u |^{p - 2} \, \langle \nabla \hat u , \nabla \phi \rangle \, dA = - \int \phi \, d \hat \mu \end{eqnarray*}

whenever

ϕ
∈

C
0
∞

(
N
)
.

\phi \in C_0^\infty ( N ).

In this paper we continue our studies by establishing endpoint type results for the Hausdorff dimension of this measure in simply connected domains. Our results are similar to the well known result of Makarov concerning harmonic measure in simply connected domains.
Behavioral Emergencies and Crises
Authors: Kleespies Phillip , Hill Justin M.
Published: November 2014

This chapter illustrates the mental health clinician’s relationship with behavioral emergencies. The chapter begins by distinguishing the terms behavioral emergency and behavioral crisis, and underlying themes among all behavioral emergencies are identified. Given that most clinicians will face a behavioral emergency in their careers, the importance of enhancing the process of educating and training practitioners for such situations far beyond the minimal training that currently exists is highlighted. The chapter continues by exploring various aspects of evaluating and managing high-risk patients (i.e., those who exhibit violent tendencies toward themselves or others, and those at risk for victimization). It includes a discussion of the benefits and limitations to estimating life-threatening risk factors and specific protective factors. The chapter concludes by discussing the emotional impact that working with high-risk patients has on clinicians, and an emphasis is placed on the importance of creating a supportive work environment.
Clinical Neuropsychology
Authors: McCaffrey Robert J. , Lynch Julie K. , James Westervelt Holly
Published: November 2014

The origins of clinical neuropsychology were founded in the diagnostic methods for identifying cerebral damage and, although this remains an important focus of the field, clinical neuropsychology is also focused upon understanding the functional consequences of neuropsychological dysfunction and on methods of treating or managing neuropsychological dysfunction. Neuropsychological research has also expanded beyond neurology to psychology, where delineating the neuropsychological correlates of psychological disorder has been of particular interest. Following a brief history of neuropsychology, this chapter discusses neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with neurological damage or disease. The discussion will then turn its focus to psychological disorders, with a review of the neuropsychological deficiencies that have been associated with various Axis I and Axis II disorders. The objective of this chapter is to provide information of potential utility to the psychotherapist or psychologist in understanding the neuropsychological underpinnings of psychological disorders, as well as the psychological and behavioral consequences of neurological conditions.
Cognitive Disorders in Adults
Authors: White Roberta F.
Published: November 2014

This chapter provides an overview on cognitive disorders in adults from a neuropsychological perspective. It begins with a critical review of existing taxonomies for these disorders, especially those contained in the DSM-IV and continues with a summary of neuropsychological terminology used in the chapter and the effects of focal brain lesions. A number of medical and neurological disorders are described, and their cognitive correlates are reviewed using data from clinical case studies and epidemiologic research. The conditions summarized include a brief consideration of medical disorders that do not involve primary central nervous system pathology, followed by extensive review of brain insults (trauma, infections, exposures) and primary neurological disorders (dementias, cerebrovascular disease, motor system disorders, structural lesions, epilepsy, autoimmune disorders). A concluding section describes current issues in understanding cognitive disorders and likely future approaches to research on them.
Disorders of Impulse Control and Self-Harm
Authors: Nock Matthew K. , Cha Christine B. , Dour Halina J.
Published: November 2014

Disorders of impulse-control and self-harm are dangerous clinical problems that often present significant challenges for scientists and clinicians. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of each disorder on the impulse-control spectrum. We begin by describing the clinical presentation and epidemiology of each disorder. Next, we discuss what is currently known about the etiology of these disorders, summarizing recent research on genetic/neurobiological factors, environmental factors, and psychological factors that appear to influence these disorders. The assessment and treatment of disorders of impulse-control and self-harm is complicated by the relatively low base-rate of these disorders, as well as by their dangerous and sensitive nature. Nevertheless, several evidence-based approaches to assessment and treatment have been developed and also are reviewed here. We conclude with recommendations for future scientific and clinical efforts aimed at better understanding, predicting, and preventing disorders of impulse-control and self-harm.