bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prominent papilledema with dense peripapillary hemorrhage in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Mao Feifei , Sun Huiyu , Li Dan , Lu Dan , Wang Shengnan
Published: February 2019

Background: To describe the clinical characteristics of prominent papilledema with dense peripapillary hemorrhage in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
Case presentation: Case1. A 35-year-old male with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with cryptococcal meningitis had a severely visual loss in both eyes after 33 days of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Funduscopic examination revealed marked bilateral papilledema with dense peripapillary hemorrhages and macular exudates. The patient was treated with intravenous mannitol and intermittent lumbar punctures. His vision was improved after 4 months of treatment. Case2. A 43-year-old male with AIDS suffered from severe vision deterioration in both eyes. He has not accepted HAART at that time. Dilated fundoscopic examination revealed marked disk edema with dense peripapillary hemorrhages in his right eye and mild papilledema with slight peripapillary hemorrhages in his left eye. The diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was made. His BCVA didn’t improve after treatment. He died 3 months after the hospitalization.
Conclusion: Prominent papilledema with dense peripapillary hemorrhage is uncommon, which maybe the sign of an opportunistic infectious associated with IRIS or the sign of poor prognosis in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
Keywords: Papilledema, AIDS, cryptococcal meningitis
The effect of a Computer Lens Filter on visual performance in subjects with retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Guo Zhangmei , Ni Lingzhi , Lin Na , Zhu Yu , Jiang Longfei , Deng RUzhi
Published: February 2019

Background：Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients uauslly complained nyctalopia and poor dark adaptation which caused their visual discomfort, in this study we aimed to explore the effects of a Computer Lens Filter (CLF) on contrast sensitivity (CS), reading speed for computer screen text and visual comfort in subjects with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and to find wheather CLF would be helpful for RP patients . Method: Twenty-two subjects diagnosed with binocular RP participated. Bright CS using the Mars test and reading speed of screen text were measured using the spectacle corrections for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) both with and without CLF wear. Subjective estimates of computer screen brightness and visual comfort were evaluated by questionnaire. These functions were compared for the two conditions of filter wear/non-wear. Result： Mean subject age was 38.2±7.5 years and mean log MAR VA was .45± .24. Wearing a CLF neither improved bright CS (t = .452, P=.653) nor increased reading speed (t =.414, P = .683). CLF wear was judged to reduce screen brightness (t = 5.412, P<.0001) and improve visual comfort (t = 6.897, P<.0001). Conclusion： CLF wear neither improved RP subjects’ CS nor reading speed for screen text but did reduce the appearance of screen brightness and improve subjects’ reported visual comfort. Improvement in comfort alone may be sufficient justification for filter use as a vision aid for RP patients during vision rehabilitation.
Article A case of fundus albipunctatus in both eyes
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Lin Jingjing , Shen Lijun
Published: February 2019

Background

This case was first recorded in fundus albipunctatus with multimodal imaging (optical coherence tomography(OCT), angio-OCT, multicolor-OCT, fluorescence angiography), vision field and electrophysiological recordings.

Case presentation

The authors present a 52-year-old Chinese female who suffered night blindness for years. With multimodal images, the fundus images and full-field electroretinography after standard and prolonged dark adaption were consistent with fundus albipunctatus. Disease targeted gene test was not performed. Other imaging method seems to have minimal changes.

Conclusions

It is an observational case report about characteristic ophthalmic findings in fundus albipunctatus.
Paediatric Ocular Barotrauma by a Cupping Therapeutic Device
Authors: Liu Shasha , Tang Emily Wai Ho , Tang Geoffrey Chik Hei , Li Kenneth K W
Published: February 2019

Background
Commercially available cupping devices are increasingly being used for cupping therapy. However, with improper use they may induce unwanted barotrauma.
Case Presentation
A 6 year old child from Hong Kong applied a cupping device to her own eye. It resulted in periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage which resolved without sequaelae after a course of topical antibiotics.
Conclusion
This case highlights the need to raise public awareness about the proper use of cupping devices and its risk in inducing ocular injuries.
A pragmatic effectiveness randomized controlled trial of duration of psychiatric hospitalization in a trans-diagnostic sample of patients with acute mental illness admitted to a ward with either blue depleted evening lighting or normal lighting conditions
Authors: Scott Jan , Langsrud Knut , Vethe Daniel , Kjørstad Kaia , Vestergaard Cecilie Lund , Faaland Patrick , Lydersen Stian , Vaaler Arne , Morken Gunnar , Torgersen Terje , Kallestad Håvard
Published: February 2019

Introduction

There is increasing recognition of the need to stabilize sleep-wake cycles in individuals with major mental disorders. As such, clinicians and researchers advocate for the use of interventions targeted at sleep and circadian dysrhythmias as an adjunct to the standard treatments offered for acute illness episodes of a broad range of diagnoses. To determine the trans-diagnostic generalizability of chronotherapy, we explore the benefits of admitting individuals with an acute illness episode to a psychiatric inpatient unit where changes in light exposure are integrated into the therapeutic environment.

Methods

A two-arm pragmatic effectiveness randomized controlled treatment trial, where individuals admitted for acute inpatient psychiatric care will be allocated to a ward with blue depleted evening light or to a ward with the same layout and facilities but lacking the new lighting technology. The trial will test whether the experimental lighting conditions offer any additional benefits beyond those associated with usual treatment in an acute psychiatric inpatient unit. The main objectives are to examine any differences between groups in the mean duration of hospitalization in days. Additional analyses will compare group differences in symptoms, functioning, medication usage, and side-effects and whether length of stay is associated with stability of sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms. Ancillary investigations will determine any benefits according to diagnostic subgroups and potential drawbacks such as any adverse effects on the well-being of professionals working across both wards.

Discussion

This unit offers a unique opportunity to explore how exposure to different lighting conditions may modify sleep-wake cycles and how any changes in sleep-wake cycle may impact on the clinical and functional outcomes of individuals experiencing an acute episode of a severe mental disorder that requires inpatient care. The findings could influence the future design of hospital units offering care to patients with mental or physical disorders.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03788993, retrospectively registered Dec 28th 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03788993.
Land Use Affects Soil Moisture Response to Dramatic Short‐term Rainfall Events in a Hillslope Catchment of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Tang Min , Zhao Xining , Gao Xiaodong , Zhang Chao , Wu Pute
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Jujube orchard had lower soil moisture in 0–100 cm than cropland and grassland.

Torrential rain increased the soil moisture in 0–60 cm for all experimental land uses.

Heavy rain increased soil moisture in 0–20 cm for all experimental land uses.

The use efficiency of torrential rain in all experimental land uses was less than 55%.

The use efficiency of heavy rain in three experimental land uses was as low as 20%.

To efficiently exploit rainfall resources in arid and semiarid regions, it is essential to understand the relationship between land use and the response of soil moisture to different rainfall levels. To clarify this relationship, rainfall and soil moisture in the 0‐ to 100‐cm soil layer were monitored continuously in a jujube orchard, cropland, and grassland on the Chinese Loess Plateau between 1 July and 30 Sept. 2014 to determine how soil moisture levels respond to intense brief rainfall events (torrential and heavy rain) under each land use. Heavy rain only increased soil moisture levels in the 0‐ to 20‐cm soil layer, irrespective of land use. However, torrential rain increased soil moisture levels in the 0‐ to 60‐cm soil layer. Additionally, the rainfall response of soil moisture in the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil layer of the cropland and grassland was correlated with the antecedent soil moisture: the lower the antecedent soil moisture, the quicker the rainfall response. Soil moisture in the 0‐ to 20‐cm soil layer in the jujube orchard responded more quickly to heavy rain than to torrential rain. Finally, the use efficiency of torrential rain under all three land uses was below 55%, while that of heavy rain was as low as 20%. These findings may facilitate the development of strategies for improving rainfall utilization and land management on the Chinese Loess Plateau and other arid and semiarid areas.
Evaluation of Parametric and Nonparametric Machine‐Learning Techniques for Prediction of Saturated and Near‐Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Kotlar Ali Mehmandoost , Iversen Bo V. , de Jong van Lier Quirijn
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Accurate Ks and K10 were obtained using water content data at several matric potentials.

RobustKsandK10prediction by machine‐learning methods confirmed by bootstrapping.

Gaussian process regression predictedKsandK10with minimum number of predictors.

Parametric and nonparametric supervised machine learning techniques were used to estimate saturated and near‐saturated hydraulic conductivities (KsandK10, respectively) from easily measurable soil properties including the name of the pedological horizon (HOR), soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), organic matter (OM), bulk density (BD), and water contents (θpF1, θpF2, θpF3, and θpF4.2) measured at four different matric heads (−10, −100, −1000, and −15,848 cm, respectively). Using a stepwise linear model (SWLM) and the Lasso regression as parametric methods with 316 data in training and 135 data in the testing phase, four pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were obtained in which water contents for both methods play an important role compared with other variables. The SWLM showed better performance than Lasso in the testing phase for log(Ks) and log(K10) prediction, with RMSE values of 0.666 and 0.551 cm d−1andR2of 0.26 and 0.65. Nonparametric supervised machine learning methods trained and tested with a similar data set significantly improved the accuracy ofKsprediction, withR2of 0.52, 0.36, and 0.53 for Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM), and ensemble (ENS) methods in the testing stage. These methods also described 74.9, 66.7, and 72.5% of the variation of log(K10). Bootstrapping validated the strong performance of nonparametric techniques. The feature selection capability of GPR determined that instead of using a model with all predictors, HOR, silt, θpF1, and θpF3are sufficient for the prediction of log(Ks), while HOR, silt, and OM can predict log(K10) as accurate as the comprehensive model with all variables.
Tau-lepton Physics at the FCC-ee circular e$^+$e$^-$ Collider
Authors: Dam Mogens
Published: February 2019

The future FCC-ee collider is designed to deliver
\boldsymbol{\mathrm{e^+e^-}}e+e−
collisions to study with ultimate precision the Z, W, and Higgs bosons,
and the top quark. In a high-statistics scan around the Z pole,
\boldsymbol{1.3\times 10^{11}}1.3×1011
events \boldsymbol{\mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau}Z→𝛕𝛕
will be produced, the largest sample of \boldsymbol{\tau\tau}𝛕𝛕
events foreseen at any lepton collider. With their large boost,
\boldsymbol{\tau}𝛕
leptons from Z decays are particularly well suited for precision
measurements. The focus of this report is on tests of lepton
universality from precision measurement of
\boldsymbol{\tau}𝛕
properties and on tests of charged lepton flavour violation in Z decays
and in \boldsymbol{\tau}𝛕
decays. In both of these areas, FCC-ee promises sensitivities well
beyond present experimental limits.
Mimetic desire and mirror neurons: the consciousness of workplace bullying
Authors: Lebreton Christian , Richard Damien , Cristini Helene
Published: February 2019

Workplace bullying is important to business and government, because it has a real impact on unfortunate casualties’ wellbeing and organizations’ benefits. Studies into the causes and outcomes of workplace bullying with a focus on the key psychodynamic factors underlying harassment and the subsequent results are rare. This paper applies Rene Girard’s mimetic desire theory to clarify the elements and non-cognizant components associated with “interdividual” connections prompting aggression for the victim by the harasser. The disclosure of mirror neurons affirms that mimetic desire grows unwittingly through a mediator of the mimetic brain. Mimetic desire theory helps to recognize and understand that the destructive patterns of behavior and emotional responses to situations leading to moral harassment is a direct consequence of the mimetic rivalry between the bully and the victim. The unconscious mechanism is then brought up to the consciousness. The bully and the victim can avoid becoming entrapped within dysfunctional and toxic relationships such as bullying. The use of the mimetic desire concepts also enables human resources managers, bystanders, and practitioners to better deal with protagonists. This can help minimize or eliminate workplace bullying.
Ultrasonic pretreatment for anaerobic digestion of suspended and attached growth sludges
Authors: Roebuck Peter , Kennedy Kevin , Delatolla Robert
Published: February 2019

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a proven technology for energy production from the stabilization and reduction of sewage waste. The AD and impact of ultrasonic pretreatment of four waste activated sludges (WASs) from conventional and three non-conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants were investigated. WAS from a conventional activated sludge (CAS) system, a rotating biological contactor (RBC), a lagoon, and a nitrifying moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were pretreated with ultrasonic energies of 800–6,550 kJ/kg total solids to illustrate the impact of sludge type and ultrasonic pretreatment on biogas production (BGP), solubilization, and digestion kinetics. The greatest increase in BGP over the control of pretreated sludge did not coincide consistently with greater sonication energy but occurred within a solubilization range of 2.9–7.4% degree of disintegration and are as follows: 5% ± 3 biogas increase for CAS, 12% ± 9 for lagoon, 15% ± 2 for nitrifying MBBR, and 20% ± 2 for RBC. The effect of sonication on digestion kinetics was inconclusive with the application of modified Gompertz, reaction curve, and first-order models to biogas production. These results illustrate the unique response of differing sludges to the same levels of sonication energies.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).
Reliable determination of copper complex ions in synthetic wastewater using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Authors: Supong Kanokporn , Usapein Parnuwat
Published: February 2019

Forms of copper that are highly soluble in aquatic environments are used as chemical reagents in a variety of industries, especially copper complexes. Wastewater containing copper complexes can be difficult to treat and analyse. Normally, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) is a favourable technique for analysing metal ions in wastewater, but is less reliable for copper analysis owing to the influence of copper oxides. To solve this problem, it is necessary to adjust the atomization and delay times. The objective of this study was to use FAAS to accurately determine the quantity of complexed copper in synthetic wastewater, using increased atomization and delay times. The method showed excellent linearity in the copper standard concentration range of 1–5 mg L−1. The sensitivity of the analysis was 0.023 mg L−1. The percentage of recovery and the relative standard deviation were 85.02% and 0.75%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the estimation of uncertainty from preparation of working standard, repeatability uncertainty, instrument deviation, calibration curve and recovery uncertainty were 8.2 × 10−4, 4.49 × 10−4, 7.21 × 10−4, 21.25 × 10−4, and 98.19 × 10−4, respectively. Overall, the results showed the suitability of the FAAS method for determining copper in synthetic wastewater.
Reduction of silver nanoparticle toxicity affecting ammonia oxidation using cell entrapment technique
Authors: Giao Nguyen Thanh , Limpiyakorn Tawan , Thuptimdang Pumis , Ratpukdi Thunyalux , Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi Sumana
Published: February 2019

Occurrence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in wastewater treatment systems could impact the ammonia oxidation (AO). This study investigated the reduction of AgNPs and dissociated silver ion (Ag+) toxicity on nitrifying sludge using cell entrapment technique. Three entrapment materials, including barium alginate (BA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and barium alginate (PVA-BA), were applied. The BA beads provided the highest reduction of silver toxicity (up to 90%) and durability. Live/dead assays showed fatality of entrapped cells after exposure to AgNPs and Ag+. The maximum AO rate of the BA-entrapped cells was 5.6 mg-N/g-MLSS/h. The AO kinetics under the presence of silver followed an uncompetitive inhibition kinetic model. The experiments with AgNPs and Ag+ gave the apparent maximum AO rates of 4.2 and 4.8 mg-N/g-MLSS/h, respectively. The apparent half-saturation constants of the BA-entrapped cells under the presence of silver were 10.5 to 13.4 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopic observation coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated no silver inside the beads. This elucidates that the silver toxicity can be reduced by preventing silver penetration through the porous material, leading to less microbial cell damage. This study revealed the potential of the entrapment technology for mitigating the effect of silver species on nitrification.
Primera época - Año I, Número 1, abril 1999
Authors: De San Luis Revista de El Colegio
Published: February 2019

Este número corresponde a la primera época de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, denominado VETAS.
Modular Versus Monoblock Hemiarthroplasty in Trauma: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Kan Heng , McBride Andrew , McLean Andrew , O’Callaghan William B. , Khan Hussain Ijaz , Gallie Price
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Displaced intraarticular neck of femur fractures for low-demand patients are primarily managed with hemiarthroplasty. The optimal implant design for modularity is unclear. Globally and within Australia, the use of monoblock implants varies significantly by location; however, monoblock use is decreasing in Australia in favour of modular systems, with little evidence-based explanation. This study aimed to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of monoblock and modular hemiarthroplasties.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study involved patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty for neck-of-femur fractures between 2009 and 2013 at the Gold Coast University Hospital. Leg length and femoral offset were measured from post-operative pelvic radiographs. Revision and mortality rates were extracted from hospital medical records and Australian Joint Registry data.

Results:

A total of 249 patients were evaluated (112 with modular and 147 with monoblock implants). Patient demographics were comparable between the treatment groups; however, the monoblock group comprised significantly older persons. No between-group differences in leg length discrepancies were identified. Femoral offset was under-restored on average by 5.86mm (p<0.05) compared to the uninjured side within the monoblock group. Mortality rates were significantly higher in the monoblock group (23% vs 12%, P=0.026) at the 1-year mark. No significant between-group differences were found in 30-day mortality, length of stay, or revision rates.

Discussion:

Modular hemiarthroplasty was superior for restoring offset in our cohort, but no group differences were noted for leg length. While modular implants seemed better for restoring normal hip anatomy and were associated with a lower 1-year mortality rate, no other advantages were found.
Implementation of National Health Informatization in China: Survey About the Status Quo (Preprint)
Authors: Li Chen , Xu Xiangdong , Zhou Guanghua , He Kai , Qi Tianliang , Zhang Wei , Tian Feng , Zheng Qinghua , Hu Jianping
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) in China organized a nationwide survey to investigate the informatization in hospitals and regional Health and Family Planning Commissions (HFPCs) in 2017. The survey obtained valid results from 79.69% (2021/2536) of major hospitals and 81% (26/32) of provincial and 73.1% (307/420) of municipal HFPCs. The investigated topics covered hardware infrastructure, information resources, applications, systems, and organizations in health informatics.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to provide evidence collected from the survey regarding China’s health informatization and assist policy making regarding health informatics in the 13th Five-Year Plan of China.

METHODS

Based on the survey, the paper presented the status quo of China’s health informatization and analyzed the progress and potential problems in terms of the country’s health information development policies.

RESULTS

Related policies have helped to construct 4-level information platforms and start converging the regional data to the 3 centralized databases. The principle of informatics has been transiting from finance-centered to people-centered. Alternatively, the quality, usability, and interoperability of the data still need to be improved.

CONCLUSIONS

The nationwide survey shows that China’s health informatization is rapidly developing. Current information platforms and databases technically support data exchanging between all provinces and cities. As China is continuing to improve the infrastructure, more advanced applications are being developed upon it.
Media Baru dan Nasionalisme Anak Muda: Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Sosial ‘Good News From Indonesia’ Terhadap Perilaku Nasionalisme
Authors: Wibisono Gunawan
Published: February 2019

Perkembangan media baru tak bisa dipungkiri telah merasuki hampir seluruh lini kehidupan manusia. Teknologi telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu yang paling kentara adalah penggunaan media baru. Berbagai jenis kebutuhan hidup seperti alat komunikasi, akses informasi, berbelanja hingga alat transportasi dengan sangat mudah digunakan melalui media baru. Selain itu, media baru juga bisa menjadi platform penebar kabar baik yang bisa membangkitkan semangat positif. Di tengah merebaknya berita-berita  bohong atau hoax yang kerap muncul di Indonesia, di saat itu pula muncul beberapa media alternatif. Salah satunya adalah situs Good News From Indonesia. Hipotesis penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan apakah ada pengaruh penggunaan media sosial Good News From Indonesia terhadap perilaku nasionalisme anak muda. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan regresi linier. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 270 responden dari para pengguna media sosial GNFI. Berdasarkan uji t test, hasil menunjukkan bahwa t hitung > t tabel, maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima dengan nilai t hitung 5,982 > 1,285. Berdasarkan pada koefisien regresi, menunjukkan bahwa perilaku nasionalisme dipengaruhi atas penggunaan situs website gnfi sebesar 15,47%, sedangkan sisanya 84,53% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lainnya, Di tengah derasnya arus informasi pada era global, penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa penggunaan media sosial GNFI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku nasionalisme.
Pembelajaran Inovasi Kebijakan Inklusif
Authors: Manar Dzunuwanus Ghulam
Published: February 2019

Pemerintah dengan kebijakan yang dimiliki tidak lagi mampu menjadi aktor utama dalam pemberdayaan kaum muda. Peran pemerintah yang dominan tanpa diikuti dengan ketersediaan anggaran yang memadai menjadikan kebijakan kepemudaan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah banyak menemui hambatan. Pada sisi lain, ketergantungan yang sangat tinggi kepada anggaran pemerintah menjadikan kaum muda tidak banyak memiliki prakarsa dan kemandirian. Masalah ini membutuhkan strategi penyelesaian yang berbeda dengan pendekatan-pendekatan kebijakaan kepemudaan yang selama ini telah dilakukan sehingga dibutuhkan terobosan atau inovasi kebijakan kepemudaan. Kompleksitas masalah, dinamika perubahan zaman serta tuntutan profesionalitas mengharuskan pemerintah melakukan inovasi kebijakan pemberdayaan kaum muda. Kebijakan inklusif dapat dipandang sebagai salah satu strategi inovasi karena kebijakan ini membuka ruang partisipasi dan keterlibatan aktif dari semua pihak di luar pemerintah. Sektor swasta dan organisasi masyarakat sipil menjadi aktor-aktor penting karena ide, prakarsa dan kemandirian yang mereka miliki dapat memperkaya kebijakan kepemudaan pemerintah. Namun demikian nampak bahwa pemerintah belum memiliki gagasan yang komprehensif mengenai kebijakan kepemudaan yang inklusif. Melalui identifikasi terhadap praktik-praktik terbaik kebijakan pemberdayaan kaum muda yang inklusif dari luar negeri diharapkan dapat mendorong keterbukaan pemerintah untuk berjejaring dan bersinergi dengan stakeholder kebijakan kepemudaan. Langkah ini merupakan bentuk keniscayaan inovasi kebijakan agar pemberdayaan kaum muda dapat berjalan dengan komprehensif, efektif dan efisien. Kebijakan pemerintah yang terbatas dan otoritatif sehingga menimbulkan ketergantungan dalam pemberdayaan perlu direduksi dan direvisi melalui adopsi dan inovasi kebijakan sejalan dengan semangat partisipasi publik.
Kerja Tak Terbayar di Media Sosial: Alienasi dan Eksploitasi Pekerja yang Tersamarkan dalam Kapitalisme Digital
Authors: Novianto Arif , Wulansari Anindya Dessi
Published: February 2019

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Memaknai Konstruksi Sosial Difabel di Pedesaan
Authors: Tanjung Biru Manggiasih Tilotama , Ashar Haris Nur
Published: February 2019

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Kebijakan, Risiko, dan Perlindungan Sosial Alternatif dalam Transisi Pemuda di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Budiman Muhammad Rosyid , Syahbanaf Farid Ali , Nurhasanah Yanti , Widhyharto Derajad Sulistyo , Pratama Aditya Rizki
Published: February 2019

Jawa Tengah merupakan provinsi dengan persentase penduduk miskin terbesar di Pulau Jawa. Tingginya angka kemiskinan disebabkan berbagai faktor yang saling terkait seperti birokrasi dan pemerintahan, ketersediaan infrastruktur, serta akses pendidikan dan informasi. Salah satu masalah terpenting terkait birokrasi dan pemerintahan di Indonesia adalah mengenai belum optimalnya pelaksanaan perlindungan sosial.  Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisa pemuda rentan (miskin dan difabel) di Jawa Tengah dengan mengetahui bagaimana mereka melalui transisi menuju dunia kerja tanpa sistem perlindungan sosial yang memadai. Tanpa perlindungan sosial yang memadai pemuda dihadapkan pada risiko-risiko tanpa proteksi dari negara. Permasalahan terkait ketersediaan pendidikan, jaminan kesehatan, dan ketersediaan lapangan kerja adalah beberapa isu strategis yang menjadi perhatian. Dengan peran pemerintah yang belum optimal, pemuda diharuskan mencari alternatif untuk melindungi diri dari risiko-risiko seperti putus sekolah, pengangguran, dan kemiskinan yang berkelanjutan. Pemuda rentan di Jawa Tengah mengambil pilihan-pilihan yang berbeda sesuai dengan tantangan yang dihadapi dan pilihan yang tersedia. Terdapat perbedaan pilihan yang diambil oleh pemuda daerah pinggir (periphery) seperti Jawa Tengah dengan pemuda dari daerah pusat seperti Jakarta. Perbedaan akses terutama pada infrastruktur fisik dan akses informasi menjadi salah satu pembeda utama pilihan-pilihan yang dimiliki dan diambil oleh pemuda rentan dalam mencari alternatif substitusi perlindungan sosial formal dari pemerintah.
Potret dan Dinamika Wirausaha Muda Kreatif Kaliabu
Authors: Kusumo Onto , Puspitasari Dewi Cahyani
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to understand the emergence of the creative class in the context of youth villager. This study used a case study approach by taking the case of the emergence of graphic designers at Kaliabu Village, Magelang Regency. This study used the theory of Creative Class and Youth to explain the dynamics of the emergence of the creative class in Kaliabu. Opportunities in the form of professional graphic designers who comes in line with the current socio-economic changes currently utilized by the younger generation Kaliabu. These changes are related to the economic system based on information technology, progress and financial services industry, the emergence of the company with a flexible system, global supply chains, as well as the process of globalization. These things are external factors that allow graphic designers in Kaliabu Village to carry out cross-country service transactions in online graphic design marketplaces such as 99design.The external change then responded with passion of high exploration by youths Kaliabu. The success of one of the residents in Kaliabu by winning the online design contest fortunately inspire other youths. The learning process occurs among Kaliabu youth. Ultimately in 2012 in the village of Kaliabu already has two hundred young people who become a graphic designer. They are embodied in a community called as Rewo-Rewo. Their function as provider of graphic design and the relations on aspects of talent, technology, and tolerance explaining they are parts of the creative classes. The conclusion of this study showed that the rise of the creative class in the form of hundreds of graphic designers in Kaliabu is a result of the dynamics of youth Kaliabu in response to socio-economic changes. The graphic design of the logo brought economic benefits to them.
The Factors Affecting the Level of Information Disclosure on Financial Statements in the Industrial Enterprises Listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange
Authors: Ha Phan Thi Hai , Huy Nguyen Quang , Thoa Hoang Thi Kim
Published: February 2019

This research analyzes the factors affecting the level of information disclosure on financial statements in the industrial enterprises listed on Ho Chi Minh stock exchange. Using financial statements of 87 industrial enterprises of the fiscal year 2017, the research shows that there are 6 factors affecting and having a positive relations with the level of information disclosure. These include: the scale of business, Duration of operation, Audit firm reputation, Solvency, Financial leverage and Return on Equity (ROE). The result points to signals that help the State Securities Commission to control better of information disclosure of firms. In addition, the study recommends measures for shareholders, especially those in large companies to strengthen the supervision, control managers in the disclosure of business information.
Competencias en educación. Corrientes de pensamiento e implicaciones para el currículo y el trabajo en el aula
Authors: Díaz-Barriga Ángel
Published: February 2019

Una ola mundial acompaña las reformas educativas de segunda generación en las políticas de calidad: el enfoque por competencias. Esta propuesta educativa es bastante reciente en el terreno de la educación. Se trata de la aplicación de un enfoque que se presenta como novedoso para resolver problemas muy antiguos de la educación, y que en ocasiones parece improvisado.En el corto tiempo que este enfoque tiene en la educación sobresalen dos temas que conviene examinar: por una parte el tema competencias reivindica una lucha centenaria en el terreno educativo: eliminar el enciclopedismo en la práctica escolar, evitar que el sentido de lo que se enseña en la escuela sea la escuela misma, y por ello reconoce la necesidad de que el trabajo escolar se oriente a resolver problemas del entorno que vive cada sujeto, es decir, a desarrollar competencias. Por otro lado, es importante reconocer las diferentes escuelas de pensamiento que subyacen en la construcción de la propuesta de competencias, pues unas reivindican productos como el enfoque laboral o el modelo conductual, mientras que otras apuntan a reconocer que una competencia es un desarrollo, un proceso, una cualidad, con desarrollos efectuados desde el socioconstructivismo y el pensamiento pedagógico-didáctico. Este reconocimiento tiene implicaciones en quienes formulan las propuestas curriculares, pero también tiene amplia significación en la manera en que los docentes puedan interpretar lo que realizan en el salón de clases. La tensión entre saberes y resolución de problemas, entre calificaciones o expresiones procesuales del avance del estudiante, son otra manifestación de las diversas interpretaciones que subyacen en esta discusión.En este ensayo se realiza una disección de este conjunto de temas para permitir a diseñadores curriculares y docentes contar con una perspectiva amplia y fundamentada sobre el enfoque de competencias.
Transformar la enseñanza universitaria con la formación mediante la creatividad. Una investigación-acción con apoyo de las TIC
Authors: Paredes-Labra Joaquín
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo aborda una investigación en curso sobre una innovación orientada a la mejora de la enseñanza universitaria; se apoya en trayectorias iluminativas de reflexión colectiva sobre la propia práctica y, por mor de la transformación con usos de las TIC de la docencia universitaria, utiliza estas mismas herramientas para investigar sobre esas prácticas. En este proceso los docentes convierten a los estudiantes en protagonistas de la construcción de conocimiento científico, indagan en su propia práctica y mejoran sus prácticas, con ayuda de las TIC, permitiéndoles crecer en su conocimiento profesional, modificar sus creencias y evolucionar
Historia del origen de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (a propósito de su 190º aniversario)
Authors: Unzué Martin
Published: February 2019

A poco de haberse celebrado el 190º aniversario de la creación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, una de las primeras universidades poscoloniales de Iberoamérica, el presente trabajo hace un recorrido por los debates que atravesaron ese proceso, y el modo en que esas disputas por la apropiación del momento fundacional, libradas entre los sectores clericales y los liberales, son retomadas hacia fines del siglo XIX, en una querella de la que emerge la discusión por el sentido inicial de la universidad y su forma de enmarcarse en el proceso de construcción de un estado independiente.
Fitoplancton del Refugio de Fauna Silvestre Isla de Aves: el territorio venezolano más septentrional
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Quiñones Rubén , Hernández Vanessa
Published: February 2019

Como parte de una estrategia de conservacion del Refugio de Fauna Silvestre Isla de Aves, el cual representa una zona geoestrategica para la Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela, las instituciones de investigacion del pais realizan campanas anuales para conocer la biodiversidad de la isla. Uno de los componentes biologicos mas importantes es el fitoplancton, ya que, a pesar de que sustenta las redes troficas pelagicas marinas y es parte esencial del ciclo de los nutrientes, no ha sido estudiado en esta zona, por lo que se presenta en este documento, un inventario del fitoplancton marino. Para ello, se realizaron arrastres con una red conica de fitoplancton en julio de 2011 y 2012. En laboratorio, se estimo la abundancia por el metodo de Utermolh, con un microscopio invertido y claves taxonomicas. La comunidad estuvo representada por 191 especies distribuidas en 121 diatomeas, 58 dinoflagelados, 6 cianobacterias, 3 euglenofitas y 3 silicoflagelados. Finalmente, destacamos que la zona marino costera de la isla se caracteriza por una comunidad fitoplanctonica diversa, con abundancias caracteristicas de aguas oligotroficas de ecosistemas coralinos y procesos de mezcla de la columna de agua.
Biogeografía de la sección Cymbostemon (Illicium, Schisandraceae) en el Nuevo Mundo
Authors: Guerrero Ángela , Ruiz-Vargas Natalia
Published: February 2019

Illicium es un genero de la familia Schisandraceae (Angiospermas Basales), nativo del Sudeste Asiatico, del viejo mundo, las Indias Occidentales, el Caribe Mexicano y el sudeste de Estados Unidos, en el Nuevo Mundo. La dispersion balistica de sus semillas y su presencia en bosques nublados y zonas templadas en occidente, sugieren que su distribucion disjunta es producto de procesos de vicarianza y no de dispersion a larga distancia. Se presenta un repaso de la biologia, ecologia y biogeografia del genero en el Nuevo Mundo.
Implementasi Kebijakan Strategi dengan Balanced Scorecard pada Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan
Authors: Nurcholis Muhammad Aris , Satria Arif
Published: February 2019

Untuk melaksanakan amanat Reformasi Birokrasi khususnya program penguatan akuntabilitas serta dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) telah menetapkan kebijakan untuk mengimplementasikan manajemen kinerja dengan pendekatan Balanced Scorecard (BSC) dalam proses penyusunan Rencana Strategis sejak tahun 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi implementasi strategi BSC di KKP ditinjau dari faktor-faktor yang menentukan keberhasilannya dan prinsip-prinsip organisasi yang berfokus pada strategi. Merumuskan suatu usulan agar implementasi strategi BSC di KKP mampu mempercepat reformasi birokrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sequential explanatory research. Data diambil dari 231 responden pegawai KKP dan dilanjutkan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap 8 responden pimpinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi strategi di KKP ditentukan oleh kualitas faktor-tahapan strategi dan faktor-faktor yang mendukung implementasi strategi. Diantara faktor-faktor kualitas tahapan strategi, kejelasan visi dan misi mempunyai peran yang paling menentukan. Sedangkan proses perbaikan adalah faktor pendukung yang paling menentukan. Sedangkan faktor pendukung yang masih kurang dan harus diperbaiki adalah dukungan anggaran, kompetensi SDM, dan peran unit manajemen strategi. Secara umum implementasi strategi menggunakan Balanced Scorecard telah dipahami dan digunakan dengan baik oleh para pucuk pimpinan dan pegawai KKP untuk pencapaian visi dan misi organisasi. Keywords: Implementasi Strategi, Kebijakan, Balanced scorecard, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PETA KEMAMPUAN KEUANGAN DAERAH PENGHASIL SDA DAN NON-SDA DI ERA DESENTRALISASI FISKAL STUDI KASUS: PENGGUNAAN METODE KUADRAN
Authors: Haryanto Joko Tri
Published: February 2019

Mapping the ability of local finance is very important to see the level of independence in carrying out the authority delegated. Low level of the regional independence is caused by the low of PAD or high spending burden of the APBD. On the other hand, regional conditions in Indonesia are also diverse. There are natural resource-producing areas and some other non-SDAs but have a large tax base, with their own different characteristics. This fact requires some analysis in order to formulate national policies. For this reason, this is conduct using quadrant method analysis through share and growth of each region. From the results of the share analysis, the areas producing SDA have a larger number than non-SDA areas. Conversely, from the value of growth, the entire non-SDA area has a greater value than the natural resource-producing regions. From quadrant method analysis, only Badung regency which entered in quadrant I. All non-SDA areas entered in quadrant II, while all of natural resource producing region came in quadrant III minus Indragiri Hilir Regency. In Quadrant IV, there is only Indragiri Hilir Regency from the entire research locus. According these results, in the future the transfer policy to the regions should be directed to targeting the quadrant IVs so they can jump into other quadrants that are more positive.
Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing Industri Bandeng di Indramayu Jawa Barat
Authors: Dhelia Ia Arga
Published: February 2019

Sektor perikanan berperan penting dalam pembentukan PDB nasional, di mana sektor perikanan tangkap dan budidaya perikanan dipilih menjadi tumpuan utama oleh Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Dirjen Perikanan Budidaya menyatakan bahwa ikan bandeng adalah salah satu pilihan untuk meningkatkan produksi perikanan budidaya yang belum optimal. Jawa Barat, sebagai salah satu sentra tambak di Indonesia, menjadi produsen bandeng terbesar ke tiga di Indonesia dan lebih dari setengah produksinya dihasilkan oleh Indramayu. Daya saing Jawa Barat masih lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Sulawesi Selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis daya saing industri bandeng di Jawa Barat. Hasil analisis menggunakan model Porter’s Diamond dan analisa gap menunjukkan bahwa Jawa Barat dapat meningkatkan daya saing dengan memperhatikan beberapa faktor, yaitu sumberdaya manusia, sumberdaya modal, infrastruktur, industri pendukung, dan industri terkait. Peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusia, terciptanya kemudahan akses sumberdaya modal, penguatan infrastruktur, serta kemudahan kerjasama dengan industri pendukung dan industri terkait akan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas industri bandeng di Jawa Barat, khususnya Indramayu.
OPTIMALISASI KERJASAMA PERDAGANGAN BARANG FORUM RCEP BAGI INDONESIA
Authors: Abdullah Ragimun
Published: February 2019

RCEP dibentuk sebagai wujud dari respon ASEAN terhadap dinamika ekonomi di kawasan dan global berupa integrasi ASEAN dengan perekonomian global. RCEP memiliki tujuan progresif menghapuskan tarif dan hambatan non-tarif serta memfasilitasi dan meningkatkan transparansi antar negara anggota. Penyatuan 16 negara dalam satu skema perjanjian perdagangan bebas akan menjadikan RCEP menjadi blok perdagangan besar sepertiga dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis optimalisasi perdagangan barang dengan diberlakukannya RCEP dan upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan manfaat atas perdagangan barang. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan   pendekatan deskriptif. Salah satu upaya peningkatan ekspor jangka menengah dapat dicapai juga dengan mempercepat penyelesaian perundingan RCEP khususnya terkait tiga isu penting yaitu isu perdagangan barang (trade in goods), perdagangan jasa (trade in services), dan investasi. mendorong transformasi struktur ekspor dari berbasis komoditi ke produk dan jasa bernilai tambah, memanfaatkan secara penuh skema preferensi yang ada selama ini ada, menargetkan pasar secara spesifik, fokus pada skala untuk membantu perbaikan neraca perdagangan serta menyusun “negative list” negara2 tujuan ekspor yang selama ini perlu dioptimalkan seperti China, Jepang dan Korea Selatan.
Causality Test Inflation and Stock Return in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Dudesy Ready Prima
Published: February 2019

Investors can see the inflation rate as one of the basic investment decisions. The inflation rate has affected stock returns in overseas studies with diverse directions. Further research is important to provide an overview of the effect of Indonesia's inflation rate and stock returns that are useful for analyst to predict macroeconomic conditions as well as investment decisions. This study aims to identify the relationships between inflation and stock return in Indonesia’s Stock Exchange and identify the effect of inflationary shock to stock returns in Indonesia’s Stock Exchange. The research method used in this study are Vector Autoregression and Granger causality/Wald exogeneity block test. The result showed that Indonesia's inflation rate did not significantly affect stock returns, but when the analysis proceeded more specifically into sectoral stock returns, it was seen that Indonesia's inflation rate has significantly affected the stock returns of Basic Industry sector and Infrastructure sector. Inflation rate shocks was responded negatively by the sectors. Further findings were the causality relationship between the inflation rate of Indonesia and the stock return of Basic sector. The return of Jakarta Composite Index affected the inflation rate of Indonesia. Specific sectors that have influenced inflation rate were Agriculture sector, Basic Industry sector and Financial sector.
(STRATEGIC AREA OF TOURISM NATIONAL (KSPN): CONTRIBUTION OF REVENUE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Authors: Burhan Mardianis
Published: February 2019

Based on Government Regulation No. 50 of 2011, Kerinci Regency of Jambi Province belongs to the National Tourism Strategic Area of 2010 - 2025. The natural beauty of Kerinci Regency has the most tourist destination in Jambi Province. Increasing the number of tourist destinations and the determination as a National Tourism Strategic Area should be accompanied by an increase in Local Revenue from the tourism sector to become the leading sector in Kerinci Regency in the future. The purpose of this study is to see the potential of the tourism sector in Kerinci Regency to be a leading sector so as to provide the economic impact on the Local Revenue and how tourism development strategy in Kerinci Regency. Research method with descriptive analysis of secondary data during the period of 2010 - 2014, analysis tool used Location Quotient Method, Dynamic Location Quotient and Specialization Index. SWOT analysis is used for analysis of tourism sector development strategy. Research results show that the tourism sector has not become a leading sector, but is a prospective sector to be developed in support of economic development and increase the income of Kerinci district in the future. The contribution of the tourism sector to the Original Revenue in the study period was only 0.57% or relatively non-contributing. The future development strategy focused on improving the uniqueness of Kerinci regency as a tourist destination through; Development of Community Based Tourism Area, Community Awareness Tourism, Tourism Product Diversification which can be Typical Region, Growing Aware Movement of "Tradition of Mudik / Pulang Kampung", Preserving Local Culture as Tourism Unique and Increasing promotion and publication.
Macro Stress Test Model Risiko Kredit: Studi Empiris Perbankan Konvensional dan Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Indra Indra
Published: February 2019

Tulisan ini berfokus pada pengembangan model yang mampu melakukan pengujian tekanan makro (macro stress test) terhadap risiko kredit perbankan konvensional dan perbankan syariah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan beberapa analisis sekenario. Tujuannya adalah untuk menginvestigasi sekaligus mengkomparasi daya tahan sistem keuangan kedua sistem perbankan tersebut dari berbagai guncangan makro. Variabel risiko kredit yang digunakan adalah NPL untuk perbankan konvensional dan NPF untuk perbankan syariah. Variabel makro eksogenus yang digunakan adalah Produk Domestik Bruto, Kurs, Indeks Harga Konsumen, dan Tingkat Suku Bunga. Spesifikasi model yang digunakan adalah ARDL , yang diestimasi untuk setiap tipe kredit perbankan yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam 9 (sembilan) sektor dan total seluruh sektor. Studi ini menemukan bahwa, penurunan PDB, depresiasi kurs, kenaikan IHK (inflasi) dan tingkat suku bunga (BI Rate) berkontribusi dalam mendorong kenaikan level NPL maupun NPF. IHK (inflasi) merupakan sumber kerentanan terbesar bagi risiko kredit pada kedua kelompok bank, diikuti oleh  PDB, Kurs, dan tingkat suku bunga. Fakta ini mengindikasikan bahwa kerentanan sistem keuangan pada kedua kelompok bank tidak hanya bergantung pada kinerja internal pada setiap bank, namun juga dinamika makro eksternal. Hasil ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa meski bank syariah dan bank konvensional menggunakan sistem operasi yang berbeda, namun keduanya tidak terlepas dari dinamika makroekonomi yang terjadi.