bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Pengentasan Pengangguran Anak Usia Produktif Melalui Program Rumah Gemilang Indonesia (RGI) Kelas Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak di LAZ Al-Azhar Surabaya
Authors: Asegaf Maulana , Zubairi Ach Faris
Published: March 2024

This study discusses the efforts of LAZ Al-Azhar Surabaya in alleviating unemployment of productive age children through Software Engineering Classes Class (RPL). This study using a descriptive qualitative method that explains the effectiveness of the Software Engineering class program (RPL) at LAZ al-Azhar Surabaya. Data collected through interviews with the Head of LAZ Al-Azhar Surabaya, the head of the Software Engineering Class Program (RPL), and the beneficiaries of this program. Also collected form website, and brochures of LAZ Al-Azhar Surabaya. The the Software Engineering Class Program (RPL) has the goal of helping reduce unemployment and neglect of productive age from among the poor through computer training with the aim that after graduation they can get decent jobs. The number of beneficiaries of this program is spread throughout Indonesia. In East Java there are 26 beneficiaries from 2019-2021. Of the 26 beneficiaries, they have found jobs according to their fields. Even though some alumni have not found jobs, this program can still be said to be effective because previously the beneficiaries dropped out of school, and then with this program, the students could receive computer training for free. In the future LAZ  Al-Azhar Surabaya has to provide more intense assistance to the alumni beneficiaries so that the development of alumni can be monitored and find out what obstacles are experienced by alumni and have to increase the number of beneficiaries every year so that this program can be more widely felt by the community.
 
Keywords: Unemployment Alleviation, Software Engineering Class Program (RPL) and LAZ Al-Azhar Surabaya
Tinjauan Prinsip Akuntabilitas Syariah dan Permendagri No. 13 Tahun 2014 pada Pengelolaan Dana Desa
Authors: Putri Erika Indah Sastiya
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the role of the village government in managing village funds from the perspective of Sharia Accountability Principles and Minister of Home Affairs Regulations No. 13 of 2014 in Ringinpitu Village, Tulungagung Regency. The study focuses on planning, implementation, administration, accountability, and reporting while adhering to the relevant rules. Additionally, the research aims to determine how the government can fulfill the needs of the local community while following Islamic law. This research is classified as qualitative research that is based on interviews and observations. The informants in this study are the members of the village government who play a crucial role in managing village funds.  The results of this study indicated that the village government played a significant role in managing the funds according to Islamic Law, which benefited the community. The government conducted open deliberations and provided evidence of reporting activities, which were accompanied by the treasurer and approved by the village head.
Pengaruh Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, dan Kebijakan Hutang terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Perusahaan Tambang yang Terdaftar di Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia
Authors: Yudiantoro Deny
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine whether or not there is an effect of liquidity, profitability, and debt policy on firm value. In addition, this study also aims to examine the effect of liquidity, profitability, and debt policy on firm value with dividend policy as an intervening variable. The approach used in this study is quantitative and is a type of associative research. The data used in this study is secondary data which researchers obtained from the official website of mining companies and the official website of the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling technique. The samples used by the researchers in this study were 11 mining companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) in the 2019-2021 period. The analysis technique used in this study is Partial Least Square (PLS). Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that liquidity and debt policy have no influence on firm value, while profitability has an influence on firm value. liquidity and profitability have no influence on dividend policy, while debt policy has an influence on dividend policy. Dividend policy cannot be an intervening variable between liquidity, profitability, and debt policy on firm value.
 
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ada atau tidaknya pengaruh likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan kebijakan utang terhadap nilai perusahaan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan kebijakan utang terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel intervening. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan merupakan jenis penelitian asosiatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh peneliti dari situs resmi perusahaan tambang dan situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah 11 perusahaan tambang yang tercatat pada Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) periode 2019-2021. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis, menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan likuiditas dan utang tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, sedangkan profitabilitas memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
The Urgency of Applying Banking Prudential Principles in The Era of Disruption to Minimize Financing Risks
Authors: Sari Anggi Puspita
Published: March 2024

Market, liquidity, operational, and loan financing risks are common for banks. If the bank is unable to reclaim the primary credit it has extended or the money it is pursuing, financing risk will materialize. This kind of field study (field research) looks for and gathers data in areas where issues or phenomena arise of the application of the principle in muamalat financing, field research focuses on tracking down and examining already available materials in the field. The descriptive qualitative approach of data analysis is employed before being methodically assembled and analyzed. Using the 5C feasibility study in line with Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking—Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, and Condition are fairly good—Bank Muamalat Indonesia is putting the Prudential Banking Principle into practice. Implementing repressive control of financing and taking action to resolve problematic financing by implementing 3R. Islamic banks must operate following Sharia principles, under the prudential concept stipulated in Article 2 of Law No. 7 of 1992, which governs Indonesian banking on the principles of economic democracy and prudence.
Integrating Holistic Experience Thinking in Service Research: A practical method applied at a home retailer
Authors: Zhang Shi-Ling , Tang Hsien-Hui , Lai Michael T
Published: March 2024

Service research methodologies must address holistic experiences for on-going practical value. This article details a case study on a novel walkthrough method for a Taiwanese home retailer. Aiming to enhance services for younger generations, the project goes beyond basic needs, focusing on a holistic shopping experience aligned with brand values.
Designers' Influence on Implementing Service Design Projects: Findings from discussions within the global service design community
Authors: Fleury André , Bertoldi Cristiane , Annarumma Camilla , Gonzales Maria Alice , Toledo Rafael
Published: March 2024

Addressing the persistent challenges implementing service design projects, this article focuses on how service design projects can transition from the drawing board towards implementation. Gathering insights from a workshop at ServDes 2023, it delves into key themes including prioritisation, engagement and the collaboration between service designers and other stakeholders, offering pathways to bridge this divide.
The effect of C60 fullerenes on the recovery of muscle soleus contraction dynamics in rats after chronic alcoholization
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Nozdrenko Dmytro , Nan Wang ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Motuziuk Oleksandr ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Prylutska Svitlana ,   National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Vygovska Oksana ,   Bogomolets National Medical University of Kyiv, Bogutska Kateryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Dmytrotsa Оlena ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lynchak Oksana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prylutskyy Yuriy ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: March 2024

Background. It has been shown that the available therapeutic agents do not eliminate the consequences of miotic pathologies in chronic alcoholism, the most significant of which are disturbances in the dynamics of muscle contraction. A positive effect of biocompatible water-soluble C60 fullerenes on the contraction parameters of damaged muscles has been established. In addition, administration of C60 fullerene aqueous solution during chronic alcoholization of rats protects muscle tissue from damage caused by oxidative stress. Materials and Methods. Biomechanical parameters such as the values of the minimum and maximum contraction force and the muscle force impulse were evaluated using tensometry. The blood levels of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and lactate as well as the level of oxidative processes in muscle tissue of experimental animals (content of hydrogen peroxide, activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) as markers of muscle damage were determined using methods of biochemical analysis. Results. The C60 fullerene aqueous solution effect on the skeletal muscle contraction dynamics in rats after chronic alcoholization for 9 months and cessation of alcohol consumption for 1 month was investigated. It was established that water-soluble C60 fullerenes (daily dose of 1 mg/kg) reduce the effects of chronic alcoholization by 35–40±2 % on the studied biomechanical parameters and by 20±1 % on the studied biochemical parameters compared to the group of alcoholized animals, thus increasing the energy capabilities of the muscular system. Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a pronounced protective effect of C60 fullerenes on the muscle soleus contraction dynamics during the development of alcoholic myopathy, which opens up the potential possibility of their use for the prevention and correction of miotic damage.
Current status of the distribution of European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in Zhytomyr Polissia
Authors:   Polissia National University, Zhytova Olena , Kotyuk Lyudmyla ,   Polissia National University, Andreieva Olena ,   Polissia National University
Published: March 2024

Background. European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) is a hemiparasitic, autotrophic plant, which is an integral part of natural and urbanized ecosystems of Ukraine, in particular Zhytomyr Polissia. V. album is considered to be an aboriginal species which is largely responsible for the deterioration of the sanitary condition of woody plants. In particular, it causes their premature drying, a sharp decrease in the intensity of growth and yield of fruit. This study pursues the following goals: 1) to identify the species of trees affected by V. album and which ones it prefers in the conditions of Zhytomyr Polissia; 2) to study the biology of the development of V. album in the conditions of the region; 3) analysis of the degree of damage to trees by V. album using the coefficient of complex assessment. Materials and Methods. The reconnaissance method was used to determine the distribution of V. album, the type of damage and the intensity of damage to tree plantations and the degree of tree damage by mistletoe was determined using the coefficient of comprehensive damage assessment (Ccda). Results and Discussion. It was found that out of the total number of affected trees, B. pendula (27.13 %), R. pseudoacacia (17.04 %) and P. tremula (11.13 %) were the most commonly infested by V. album in the region. At the same time, 46 % of the trees are slightly damaged, 31 % are moderately damaged and 23 % are insignificantly dama­ged. It was found that without human intervention, the number of populations and the number of V. album tend to increase. Conclusions. On the territory of Zhytomyr Polissia, V. album has entered the cate­gory of invasive plants. V. album was detected on 20 tree species, of which the number of trees affected by V. album reached 41.54 % of the total number of the examined trees. The vast majority of V. album populations (61 %) are growing. The largest numbers of V. album shrubs were recorded on trees aged 60–80 and 80–100 years, accounting for 23 % and 25.13 % of the total number of trees infested by V. album, respectively.
Degrees of Return: Estimating Internal Rates of Return for College Majors Using Quantile Regression
Authors: Zhang Liang , Liu Xiangmin , Hu Yitong
Published: March 2024

Using data collected from more than 5.8 million high school and college graduates ages 18 to 65 years who participated in the American Community Survey between 2009 and 2021, the authors estimate the internal rates of return (IRRs) for individuals with college degrees in 10 broad majors compared with high school graduates. The analysis shows significant differences in the age-earnings trajectories and IRRs across college majors. Furthermore, quantile regression analyses show that IRR is generally higher at the high end of the earnings distribution compared with the low end. Finally, the authors observed a slight decrease in IRR during the study period, which is consistent with the flattening and even decline in college wage premiums following the 2008 Great Recession.
Reception of L.N. Gumilev’s ideas in Russian literature of the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries
Authors: Qin Li
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the reception of L.N. Gumilev's views in the Russian literature of the 20th-21st centuries. The relevance of the study is due to the wide spread of Gumilev's views in the post-Soviet space and the presence of a wide creative reception of them in fiction. The article makes a conclusion about the variability of the creative reception of the views of Gumilev in historical novelism: schematic with the updating of history and the acceptance as a philosophy of history, when the author, avoids updating history, using Gumilev's concept to convey the dynamics of the historical process.
The role of nutrition in socio-cultural space of China
Authors: Song Bi , Tingwei Jiang
Published: March 2024

Nutrition is not only a primary human need, but also an indispensable part of culture. This article analyzes the natural and social functions of nutrition in the socio-cultural space of China.
Environmental protection topic in English teaching based on the EOP teaching concept
Authors: Lingmei Cao
Published: March 2024

Based on the EOP teaching concept, this article analyzes the main problems existing in English teaching for environmental protection majors, and proposes specific measures such as optimizing curriculum settings, enriching teaching content, reforming teaching methods, and strengthening teacher training.
Language errors in pain medicine: An umbrella review
Authors: Béraud Bastien Léo , Meichtry Andre , Hanusch Kay-Uwe , Hilfiker Roger
Published: March 2024

Errors in language are common in pain medicine, but the extent of such errors has not been systematically measured. This pre-registered umbrella review explored Embase, PubMed, Medline and CINAHL and seeks to quantify the prevalence of language errors in review articles since the last IASP definition revision.Inclusion criteria comprised any type of review with a primary focus on providing neurophysiological insights into human nociception and/or pain within a pathological context, written in English and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Exclusion criteria involved articles published before the latest IASP definition revision, after May 2023, or listed on Beall's list. Statistical analyses employed Fisher exact tests for error proportions, while contrasted negative binomial models were applied for error counts. Out of 5,470 articles screened, 48 review articles met the inclusion criteria, each revealing at least one language error category. Years of publication were not associated with the presence of language errors or language error counts.Despite limitations like a limited number of studies, outlier, terminology ambiguity, an exclusive focus on human studies, and no risk of bias evaluation, this umbrella review shows a robust methodology and transparency with online available material. Considering our findings, urgent action is needed to regulate the use of misnomers in pain medicine and improve pain related terminology.Perspective: This umbrella review explored the main biomedical databases to see how many review articles contained language errors. Our findings underscore the imperative for prompt action in regulating pain medicine terminology.Pre-registration: This umbrella review was pre-registered on OSF registries (https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/kau8m).Online material: https://osf.io/kdweg/Keywords: Umbrella review - Language errors - Pain - Nociception – Terminology
How well do lay people comprehend statistical statements from forensic scientists?
Authors: Martire Kristy , Edmond Gary
Published: March 2024

Ultimately, the question of whether lay decision-makers appropriately comprehend statistical statements from forensic scientists is an important one, but its answer remains elusive. Irrespective of legal interest in empirically established understanding, cognitive and forensic scientists interested in just trial outcomes can and should continue collaborating to optimize the communication of uncertainty in the high-stakes forensic decision-making environment. The evidence gathered is valuable for fueling discussion and debate surrounding justice reforms and is necessary for improved communication between practitioners and decision makers. Knowledge means little if it can’t be shared (Howes, 2015).
The ECSU-PCE Dataset: A comprehensive recording of embodied social interaction with EEG, peripheral physiology, and behavioral measurements in adults
Authors: Lerique Sébastien , Estelle Stephen , Hayashi Shannon Reiko , Leenen Iwin , Morrissey Brian R. , Morrissey Tae , Putri Finda , Uhlig Kenzo , Zapata-Fonseca Leonardo , Froese Tom
Published: March 2024

The study of dyadic social interaction has become an active field of research, yet many foundational questions regarding the mechanistic basis and potential role of inter-bodily and inter-brain synchrony remain. One methodological stumbling block has been the absence of a comprehensive, high-quality dataset in the public domain that could serve as a shared reference point for the field for the specific purpose of testing new hypotheses and methods. Here we provide such a dataset focused on embodied dyadic interaction, the ECSU-PCE Dataset, which includes sensorimotor variables and a range of physiological measurements: electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and respiration dynamics. Participants’ subjective reports on their social experience and questionnaire-based personality traits are also included. The data was acquired from a total of 32 pairs of participants involving 64 healthy able-bodied adults. Each pair completed 18 one-minute trials of a haptics-based social contingency detection task, known as the “perceptual crossing experiment" (PCE); the current study successfully replicated previous PCE findings. Three-minute resting state data was also recorded at four points in time: before the start of social interaction, and after trials 6, 12, and 18, i.e. after the end of their interaction. The ECSU-PCE dataset is expected to be of interest for researchers interested social interaction, embodied cognition, and the effects of online technological mediation.
Beyond the Scale: A qualitative exploration on the impact of weight stigma experienced by patients with obesity in general practice
Authors: Ryan Leona , Quigley Fiona , Birney Susie , Crotty Michael , Conlan Owen , Walsh Jane C
Published: March 2024

Objective: Obesity is a complex, chronic, relapsing condition that requires an individualised approach to treatment. However, weight stigma experienced in healthcare settings poses a significant barrier to achieving person-centred care for obesity. Understanding the experiences of people living with obesity (PwO) can inform interventions to reduce weight stigma and optimise patient outcomes. This study explores how individuals with obesity perceive weight stigma experienced in general practice, the impact it has on their health and behaviour, and their suggestions for reducing it. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven PwO who had experienced weight stigma in general practice settings in Ireland. The interviews were conducted online via Zoom between May and August 2023; interviews lasted between 31 and 63 minutes (M = 34.36 minutes). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Three overarching themes specific to participants experience of weight stigma in general practice were generated: (1) shame, blame and “failure”; (2) eat less, move more – the go-to treatment; (3) worthiness tied to compliance. A fourth theme outlines the participants suggestions for reducing weight stigma by improving the quality of patient-provider interactions in general practice: (4) the desire for a considered approach. Conclusion: The findings call for a paradigm shift in the management of obesity in general practice: emphasising training for GPs in weight-sensitive communication and promoting respectful, collaborative, and individualised care to reduce weight stigma and improve outcomes for people with obesity.
Isradipine augmentation of virtual reality cue exposure therapy for tobacco craving: a triple-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Young Cara C. , Papini Santiago , Minami Haruka , Morikawa Hitoshi , Otto Michael , Roache John D. , Smits Jasper A. J.
Published: March 2024

Preclinical research with rodents suggests that the L-type calcium channel blocker isradipine can enhance long-term extinction of conditioned place preference for addictive substances when it is administered in conjunction with extinction training. Although isradipine alone, which is FDA approved for hypertension, has not shown a direct effect on craving in human drug users, its potential to augment behavioral treatments designed to reduce craving remains unknown. We conducted a triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of isradipine combined with a novel virtual reality cue-exposure procedure with multimodal cues that targeted craving. After 24 hours of abstinence, 78 adults with an ongoing history of daily cigarette use received isradipine (n = 40) or placebo (n = 38) and reported craving levels after each of 10 trials of virtual reality cue exposure therapy. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, the isradipine group had significantly lower mean craving across cue-exposure trials at the medication-free 24 hour follow-up (d = -0.42, p = 0.046). There were no serious adverse events; however, side effects such as headache and dizziness occurred more frequently in the isradipine group. Given this evidence of isradipine’s augmentative effect on extinction, resulting in lower levels of craving after only one session of cue exposure therapy, further clinical trials are needed to test whether this approach can reduce smoking relapse rates after an initial quit attempt.
Early adversity affects cerebellar structure and function – A systematic review of human and animal studies
Authors: Mundorf Annakarina , Merklein Sarah Alina , Rice Laura C. , Desmond John E. , Peterburs Jutta
Published: March 2024

Recent research has highlighted cerebellar involvement in cognition and several psychiatric conditions such as mood and anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder have been linked to reduced cerebellar volume as well. Cerebellar alterations are frequently present after early adversity in humans and animals, but a systematic integration of results is lacking. To this end, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases using the keywords “early adversity OR early life stress” AND “cerebellum OR cerebellar.” A total of 45 publications met the inclusion criteria: 25 studies investigated human subjects and 20 reported results from animal models. Findings in healthy subjects show bilateral volume reduction and decreased functional connectivity within the cerebellum and between the cerebellum and frontal regions after adversity throughout life, especially when adversity was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. In clinical populations, adults demonstrate increased cerebellar volume and functional connectivity after adversity, whereas pediatric patients show reduced cerebellar volume. Animal findings reveal cerebellar alterations without necessarily co-occurring pathological behavior, highlighting alterations in stress hormone receptor levels, cell density, and neuroinflammation markers. Cerebellar alterations after early adversity are robust findings across human and animal studies and occur independent of clinical symptoms.
Beyond the water flow rate: Water pressure and smart timers impact shower efficiency
Authors: Pereira-Doel Pablo , Daly James Edward Michael , Walker Ian
Published: March 2024

England is projected to face a water supply shortfall of 4 billion litres daily by 2050, mostly due to population growth and increasing climate-driven droughts and flooding. The Environment Act 2021 mandates significant water usage reductions, targeting a decrease for households from the current 144 litres per person/day to 110, and a 15% reduction for businesses. Enhancing water efficiency in showers is crucial, given their high water consumption, energy use and associated carbon emissions. Water consumption in 290 showers was covertly monitored for 39 weeks, capturing 86,421 showering events. Increased water pressure was stronglyassociated with reduced water use - an effect that can be amplified even further by installing smart timers to inform users of their shower duration.
Structural Injustice, Exploitation, and Static Non-Ideal Theory
Authors: Wenner Danielle M , Gray Derrick
Published: March 2024

We argue for two claims in this paper. First, we argue that existing taxonomies of ideal and non-ideal theory must be expanded. While non-ideal theory is often thought to be transitional in nature – that is, theorizing how agents in structurally unjust circumstances should act so as to bring about a more just state of affairs – we show that some non-ideal theory is in fact static. Static non-ideal theory attempts to guide the actions of individuals while taking background structural injustice as a kind of fixed point, or as a “backdrop” against which individuals can try to ethically interact. Second, we argue that notwithstanding the intentions of theorists, static non-ideal theory often serves ideological purposes by functioning to reinforce the (unjust) status quo. Throughout, we use theoretical debates about exploitation as illustrative of the phenomenon under discussion.
Women leaders can increase young women’s political ambition: A field experiment with a former prime minister
Authors: Hume Susannah , Foos Florian
Published: March 2024

There is surprisingly little evidence on whether and how exposure to high-profile women leaders affects young women’s political ambition. While prominent role models should be more effective, they are also associated with narratives of gendered attacks and gender stereotypes. We exploit occasions where former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard speaks to women audiences, to identify the effect of exposure to a prominent feminist role model, and narratives of overcoming adversity, on young women’s political ambition. We randomly assign whether young women attend live webinars with Gillard, or not, and whether she employs one of two narratives of overcoming gendered adversity, focused on individual resilience or collective mobilisation. Attending either event increased women’s political efficacy and their participation intentions but did not affect donations. The two conditions were equally effective, suggesting that female leaders can increase women’s political ambition when they talk about overcoming adversity, no matter the specific narrative.
School Learning Action Cell (SLAC) in the Context of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM): A Policy Assessment
Authors: Datumaas Nasrola M. , Naga Minerva-Saminah M. , Guimba Wardah D. , Daguisonan Lotis B.
Published: March 2024

This study attempted to propose a model of SLAC (School Learning Action Cell) grounded from the assessment of the different phases of the SLAC program and the challenges encountered in terms of its design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. This study employed a qualitative approach to describe the experiences of the 24 elementary school heads during SLAC sessions. These participants were from the different participating schools within the BARMM region. Employing interview sessions, document analysis, and observations, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that planning on the objectives of the sessions, topics on research and innovation, diversity of participants, delayed MOOE budget, faculty attendance, and lack of tools for monitoring and evaluation are the challenges encountered by the study participants during SLAC sessions. From these challenges, the participants provided the following suggestions: 1) effective monitoring and evaluation of SLAC, (2) proper and intensive scheduling of SLAC, (3) thorough planning, (4) refinement of topics, and (5) inviting outside resource speakers. Finally, grounding from the themes generated, this study proposed a conceptual model of SLAC with three dimensions, namely: the design, the action implementation, and the monitoring and evaluation, termed COPPEC (Community of Practice-based Planning, Execution, and Control). This study concludes the promising benefits of SLAC, especially its cost-effective means for professional development of teachers, thus, it must be properly implemented provided that challenges are addressed.
Utilizing Local Residents' Social-ecological Memories as References for Biodiversity Restoration and Conservation Action
Authors: Hsu Chia-Hsuan , Wu Yu-Wen , Kang Jiefeng , Chiu Hung-Kai , Li Mei-Ching , Chen Wei-Ting
Published: March 2024

Since the anthropogenic era, biodiversity has dwindled, prompting scientists to advocate the "nature positive" initiative, aiming to reverse nature loss by 2030, based on a 2020 baseline. However, many regions, especially locally, lack comprehensive scientific surveys for baselines. To address this gap, we propose utilizing local residents' memories as references for biodiversity restoration. In a qualitative study in Dakenggu, a small fishing village in Yilan, Taiwan, we interviewed residents who highlighted the significance of crab memories in their lives but expressed concerns about declining crab abundance. We queried them about crab species, abundance, habitats, interactions, and reasons for decline based on their memories. Surprisingly, residents identified 14 crab species and vividly recalled past abundance and activities involving crabs. Variations in memories were noted based on age and gender. Residents attributed the decline to factors such as climate change, wastewater, industrial river water diversion, pesticides, and over-concretization. Leveraging these memories, we aim to reconstruct crab habitats and biodiversity to approximate their original states, serving as restoration indicators for the region and materials for conservation education. Social science research involving local residents' memories can thus serve as valuable references for restoring the natural environment, especially in regions lacking substantial research or records.
Cultural invariance and ideological variance of collective ownership threat in intergroup relations
Authors: Ioku Tomohiro , Watamura Eiichiro
Published: March 2024

We fear losing control over what we perceive to be ours. This fear is called the collective ownership threat (COT). According to the concept of COT, territorial infringements pose collective ownership threats, which are linked to adverse intergroup relations. Given the distinct features of ethnic homogeneity and collectivism, we examine whether COT can be applied to an East Asian context, Japan. Additionally, the reactive liberal model proposes that liberals are more prone than conservatives to feel threatened by the infringements of an out-group. Integrating COT and reactive liberal models, this study conducted an online experiment with Japanese adults. In the experiment, when the participants were shown an article about a territorial infringement by China, they felt COT and resisted Japan’s support of China’s policies. Furthermore, liberals were more inclined than conservatives to see the infringements as COT and therefore strongly resisted Japan’s support of China’s policies. These results indicate cultural invariance and ideological variance in COT.
Predictors for the Garden-path Effect Do Not Always Predict the Lingering Effect
Authors: Emura Rei , Kawachi Yousuke , Sugawara Saku , Koizumi Masatoshi
Published: March 2024

We investigated the mechanism of the lingering effect in relation to the garden-path effect based on self-paced reading and comprehension experiments in Japanese. The lingering effect refers to a phenomenon in which an initial misinterpretation persists in a final comprehension even after disambiguation, which occurs after reading a garden-path sentence. Throughself-paced reading (Experiment 1) and comprehension tasks (Experiments 2 and 3), we explored how the length and head position of ambiguous regions influence the garden-path and lingering effects. Our results indicated that the length and the head position influenced the garden-path and lingering effects in different ways. Consequently, a longer initial misparsestrengthened the garden-path effect but weakened the lingering effect. Additionally, Surprisal affected the garden-path effect but not the lingering effect. These results support the notion that the garden-path and lingering effects are correlated but operate through different underlying processes. Specifically, the garden-path effect pertains to parsing, while the lingering effect relates to short-term memory.
The Contribution of Learning and Memory Processes to Verb-Specific Syntactic Processing
Authors: Ball Lewis , Mak Matthew HC , Ryskin Rachel Anna , Curtis Adam James , Rodd Jennifer M , Gaskell M. Gareth
Published: March 2024

Certain aspects of lexical knowledge can be primed by recent usage, with effects observed up to 24 hours later in some circumstances. Here, we used syntactically ambiguous sentences (“The man hit/chose the dog with the stick”) to explore the longevity of priming of syntactic structure. Some verbs provide a bias towards an instrument interpretation (the stick was used to hit the dog), whilst others are biased towards the modifier interpretation (the man chose the dog that possessed the stick). Experiment 1 revealed an effect of pre-existing verb bias on resolving syntactic ambiguities. In Experiment 2, we primed specific verbs towards their dispreferred interpretation in a study phase (e.g., hit was primed to the modifier interpretation). ~20 minutes later, the same verbs, along with unprimed verbs, were encountered in syntactically ambiguous contexts in a test phase. Exposure to the dispreferred interpretation in the study phase increased the preference for the same interpretation in the test phase, particularly for instrument-biased verbs. In Experiment 3, the study and test phases were separated by a ~12-hour interval that included sleep. No overall effect of exposure was found, but again a simple effect of priming was found for instrument-biased verbs. Our results suggest verb-bias priming is maintained over relatively long periods such as 20 minutes, and possibly as long as 12 hours, consistent with a contribution of episodic memory to maintenance of verb-specific syntactic biases.
Self-regulation of socioemotional behavior in twin adolescents: structural validation of a multidimensional inventory
Authors: Pulkkinen Lea , Whipp Alyce M , Zellers Stephanie , Kaprio Jaakko , Rose Richard J.
Published: March 2024

Instruments for rating socioemotional behavior with a strong theoretical basis, broad coverage of behaviors, and that are well-validated are rare. Here, the Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory (MPNI) Form SERI (Socio(E]motional Regulation Inventory) was employed in a longitudinal population-based sample of Finnish twins (FinnTwin 12) at age 17 to study: (1) the structure of self-ratings on self-regulation of socioemotional behavior, (2) concurrent, discriminative, and predictive validity of the scales, and (3) genetic and environmental factors contributing to individual differences in self-regulation. A bipolar factor for self-regulation was interpreted as representing p-factor (general psychopathology) versus src-factor (self-regulation capacity). Each was further categorized into a Problem behavior scale that comprised Hyperactivity/Inattention, Aggression, and Anxiety subscales, and a Prosocial behavior scale. These scales had high correlations with co-twin ratings at age 17 and similarly formed scales for self- and co-twin ratings at age 14, and good discriminative validity with items for social position and resilience. Modeling the twin data indicated that the p-factor and src-factor are moderately heritable and are influenced by both genetic and unique environmental factors. The inventory can be used for self- and sibling ratings in a population study.
The curse of imagery: Trait object and spatial imagery differentially relate to trauma and stress outcomes
Authors: Yeung Ryan Christopher , Sokolowski H Moriah , Fan Carina L. , Fernandes Myra , Levine Brian
Published: March 2024

Imagery is integral to autobiographical memory (AM). Past work has highlighted that the benefits of high trait imagery on episodic AM include faster, more detailed, and more vivid retrieval. However, these advantages may come with drawbacks: following stressful/traumatic events, strong imagery could promote the intrusions characteristic of PTSD. We examined relationships between trait object imagery (e.g., form, size, shape), spatial imagery (e.g., spatial relations, locations), and PTSD symptoms using self-report measures with two independent samples: trauma-exposed adults (n = 936) and undergraduates (n = 493). Higher object imagery was associated with more PTSD symptoms in both samples. There was also evidence that higher spatial and schematic processing was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, although this effect was confined to men in one of the two samples. Different forms of imagery have different—or even opposing—relationships with episodic AM, which impacts trauma and stress outcomes.
Online reach adjustments induced by real-time movement sonification
Authors: Barkasi Michael , Bansal Ambika Tara , Jörges Björn , Harris Laurence
Published: March 2024

Paper Abstract: Movement sonification is the real-time conversion of sensor readings of body motion into acoustic feedback. Such acoustic feedback can improve motor learning in healthy subjects (e.g., learning a new sport skill) and those with sensorimotor deficits (e.g., stroke patients and those suffering from deafferentiation). However, motor learning involves both developing feedforward inverse internal models for planning motor trajectories and developing a capacity to correct erroneous trajectories in real-time via online feedback control. This latter motor-control perspective has not been well-studied in movement sonification research and it is not known whether motor learning improvements from movement sonification are driven by improved inverse internal models, corrective real-time adjustments, or both. We searched for evidence of real-time adjustments (muscle twitches) in response to movement sonification by comparing the kinematics of reaches made with online and terminal sonification feedback. We found that reaches made with online feedback were significantly more jerky than reaches made with terminal feedback, indicating increased muscle twitching. Using a between-subject design, we found that online feedback was associated with improved motor learning of a reach path and target over terminal feedback; however, using a within-subjects design, we found that switching participants who had learned with online sonification feedback to terminal feedback was associated with a decrease in error. Thus, our results suggest that, with our task and sonification, movement sonification leads to online motor adjustments which improve motor trajectory planning, but which themselves are not helpful online corrections.
Why Misinformation Must Not Be Ignored
Authors: Ecker Ullrich K. H. , Tay Li Qian , Roozenbeek Jon , Linden Sander van der , Cook John , Oreskes Naomi , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: March 2024

Recent academic debate has seen the emergence of the claim that misinformation is not a significant problem. We believe that the arguments used to support this minimizing position are flawed, particularly if interpreted (e.g., by policymakers or the public) as suggesting that misinformation can be safely ignored. Here, we rebut the two main claims, namely that misinformation is not of substantive concern (1) due to its low incidence and (2) because it has no causal influence on notable political or behavioral outcomes. Through a critical review of current literature, we demonstrate that (1) the prevalence of misinformation is non-negligible if reasonably inclusive definitions are applied and that (2) misinformation has causal impacts on important beliefs and behaviors. Both scholars and policymakers should therefore continue to take misinformation seriously.
Individual Disgust and Collective Anxiety: A Two-Layer Framework of the Behavioral Immune System
Authors: Yin Bin , Zheng Benhuiyuan , Ye Yiduo
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted human society and offers a critical backdrop for investigating the Behavioral Immune System (BIS), which traditionally has focused on individual protection mechanisms driven by disgust. This individualistic focus neglects the role of collective behavioral and emotional responses in mitigating disease spread. To address this, we introduce a two-layer framework of the BIS, consisting of an individual layer driven by disgust, primarily manifesting in avoidance behaviors and biased attitudes, and a collective layer fueled by collective anxiety, characterized by isolation from outgroups and self-protection within ingroups. Our model shows that inadequacies in the individual-level BIS stimulate the emergence of a collective-level BIS, which in turn has a buffering effect on individual behaviors. We further explore the impact of social relation attributes on the collective-level BIS, categorizing them into fixed and flowing types based on selectivity and expected endpoints, finding that flowing relations prompt collective BIS responses through cooperation, while fixed relations do so through intimate relationships. This enriched framework offers important implications for public health policies and opens avenues for cross-cultural and cross-societal research by acknowledging the reciprocal influences between individual and collective behaviors in response to pathogen threats.
Developing and evaluating a situated psychometric instrument for assessing climate anxiety: The SAM² CAM
Authors: Hill-Harding Chiara K. V. , Klein Marissa D. , von Stackelberg Constantin , Papies Esther K. , Barsalou Lawrence
Published: March 2024

Climate change increasingly affects mental health and wellbeing. Although recent research has begun to examine climate anxiety, little is known about the situations where it is experienced or situational factors that predict it. To help understand how climate anxiety is experienced in UK residents, we developed and evaluated a situated psychometric instrument for assessing climate anxiety in 31 relevant situations (e.g., hearing about climate catastrophes on the news). Of interest was how climate anxiety is experienced in the UK as largely the anticipation of climate disaster and environmental pollution, rather than as actually experienced climate disaster, as in it is experienced by populations in more vulnerable countries where significant climate disaster has occurred. In an online study (N = 303 UK residents), we investigated how much climate anxiety individuals experienced in each situation, along with how much they experienced 13 factors that potentially influence climate anxiety (e.g., expectation violation, threat, coping). An individual measure of climate anxiety averaged across situations exhibited high reliability, construct validity, and content validity. Large differences in climate anxiety were observed between situations, along with a large individual by situation interaction. In linear regressions for individual participants, the 13 factors tended to correlate with climate anxiety as predicted, explaining a median 75% of climate anxiety variance. By identifying factors that predict climate anxiety for individuals, our approach provides detailed understanding of climate anxiety in each individual across situations. These predictive profiles could support screening for climate anxiety, identifying situations where it occurs, and designing individualised support.
A practical guide for combining functional regions of interest and white matter bundles
Authors: Meisler Steven Lee , Kubota Emily , Grotheer Mareike , Gabrieli John , Grill-Spector Kalanit
Published: March 2024

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the primary method to investigate macro- and microstructure of neural white matter in vivo. DWI can be used to identify and characterize individual-specific white matter bundles, enabling precise analyses on hypothesis-driven connections in the brain and bridging the relationships between brain structure, function, and behavior. However, cortical endpoints of bundles may span larger areas than what a researcher is interested in, challenging presumptions that bundles are specifically tied to certain brain functions. Functional MRI (fMRI) can be integrated to further refine bundles such that they are restricted to functionally-defined cortical regions. Analyzing properties of these Functional Sub-Bundles (FSuB) increases precision and interpretability of results when studying neural connections supporting specific tasks. Several parameters of DWI and fMRI analyses, ranging from data acquisition to processing, can impact the efficacy of integrating functional and diffusion MRI. Here, we discuss the applications of the FSuB approach, suggest best practices for acquiring and processing neuroimaging data towards this end, and introduce the FSuB-Extractor, a flexible open-source software for creating FSuBs. We demonstrate our processing code and the FSuB-Extractor on an openly-available dataset, the Natural Scenes Dataset.