bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T-shaped sliding coagulator versus single end point coagulator, two techniques for the treatment of active peri-menopausal prolonged and heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Badawy Mahmoud A.
Published: April 2024

Objective

To compare the safety and efficacy of single end-point coagulator versus T-shaped sliding coagulator used for tactile electrosurgical endometrial ablation (TEEA) in stopping or decreasing active resistant perimenopausal intrauterine ball (IUB).

Patients and methods

In this study, 50 cases with perimenopausal IUB not responding to medical or hormonal treatment were included, comprising 25 treated by using single end-point coagulator, whereas the other 25 treated by T-shaped sliding coagulator. Outcomes depended on which technique is better regarding immediate stopping of bleeding, need for another TEEA, or need for hysterectomy.

Results

Duration of operation in T-shaped sliding coagulator was ∼5 min, and bleeding immediately stopped in 22 of 25 cases. Follow-up of those cases for 12 months revealed that 11 of them had developed amenorrhea, seven developed minimal bleeding, five developed regular menses, one required another TEEA, whereas one required hysterectomy. Duration of operation in single end-point coagulator was ∼10 min, and bleeding immediately stopped in 15 of 25 cases. Follow-up of those cases for 12 months revealed that three of them had developed amenorrhea, nine developed minimal bleeding, nine developed regular menses, three required another TEEA, whereas one required hysterectomy.

Conclusion

TEEA is an easy, almost costless, rapid, and effective procedure in treating active perimenopausal IUB. Overall results showed that the T-shaped sliding coagulator (first procedure) is better than single end-point coagulator (second procedure). However, more studies with large number of cases are recommended to confirm its safety and effectiveness.
Visual outcome after femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty versus conventional penetrating technique
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa Abd El-Rahman , Mohamed Mahmoud Abd El-Badie , Nooreldin Asaad
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To evaluate and compare the visual outcome after femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty (FLAK) versus conventional penetrating technique.

Settings and design

This is a nonrandomized prospective comparative study that included a total of 30 eyes of 30 patients (16 females and 14 males) who underwent keratoplasty at three private eye centers in Assiut city, Egypt. These patients were divided into two groups: group I included 15 patients who were subjected to femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty and group II included 15 patients who were subjected to conventional penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Patients and methods

Visual outcome and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated over a 18-month follow-up period.

Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program. Student t test, paired sample t test, and χ
2 test were used for the comparisons.

Results

Both uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity showed marked improvement in both groups at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. However, FLAK group showed statistically better uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months compared with conventional PKP group (all P<0.01). The mean sphere improved significantly in both groups at all follow-up periods. Flattest K (K1), steepest K (K2), and K mean showed a significant reduction in both groups at all follow-up periods with no significant differences between groups. Lower occurrence of postoperative complications was noticed in FLAK group compared with PKP group, with a nonsignificant difference (P=0.255).

Conclusion

Both techniques are effective, but FLAK has been shown to result in faster and better visual recovery, with significantly less astigmatism and lower complications compared with conventional PKP.
Impact of middle turbinate conchoplasty in management of rhinogenic contact headache
Authors: Khudier Mahasen H. S , Mostafa Soad Y. , Ibrahim Hoda A. , Mohamed Bothina A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Rhinogenic contact point headache (RCPH) is intermittent pain localized in the periorbital and temporozygomatic or medial canthal regions. RCPH occurs owing to the presence of anatomical variations between adjacent mucosal surfaces in the nasal cavity. Concha bullosa (CB) is pneumatization of the middle turbinate, which is a common anatomic variation of lateral nasal wall. CB may increase in such a way that it fills the space between septum and lateral nasal walls, which creates areas of mucosal contact, predisposing to rhinogenic headache.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of endoscopic turbinoplasty technique for CB ‘conchoplasty’ compared with lateral partial turbinectomy (LPT), in patients with RCPHs not responding to medical treatment.

Patients and methods

A prospective study was conducted that included 30 patients with RCPH and significant CB. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A included 15 patients who underwent LPT and group B included 15 patients who underwent conchoplasty.

Results

Complete cure or significant reduction in the severity of complaints reported in 13 patients who underwent LPT. In the conchoplasty group, 14 patients were completely cured at the end of the follow-up period. In the LPT group, a complication noted was synechiae formation in two cases.

Conclusion

Compared with LPT, conchoplasty is an equally effective surgical treatment of significant CB with lesser incidence of complication.
Role of ferritin, vitamin D, and thyroid dysfunction in telogen effluvium among the hospital population in Western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammed Salma S. , Fatani Mohammad I. , Khan Abdulmajeed S.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

This case–control study was conducted to evaluate serum ferritin, vitamin D, and thyroid functions in patients with telogen effluvium (TE) in comparison with controls and to find if they can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of TE.

Patients and methods

A retrospective matched case–control study was performed using data from Hera Hospital database, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The case records of 100 women diagnosed with TE and treated in the dermatology outpatient clinic were analyzed retrospectively. To obtain appropriate controls, records were searched for age-matched and sex-matched women who came to the hospital for a condition other than TE during the same period.

Results

The mean levels of patients’ serum ferritin and vitamin D were significantly lower than those of the controls. With respect to thyroid function tests, the mean levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine showed no statistically significant differences between patients and controls. Although nonsignificant, 7% of patients with TE had laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism compared with 2% of controls, and 16% had subclinical hypothyroidism compared with 10% of controls, suggesting a role of thyroid dysfunction in TE.

Conclusions

Low serum ferritin, vitamin D deficiency, and thyroid dysfunction could be the risk factors for TE and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of TE; hence, treating such patients with iron, vitamin D, and correction of thyroid dysfunction would be valuable. Prospective clinical studies with a larger number of participants are required to further address the risk factors for TE.
Imatinib- and Nilotinib-Induced Lichenoid Eruption in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sachdeva Meenakshi , Singh Jayanti , Dayal Surabhi , Gupta Aanchal
Published: April 2024

Imatinib and nilotinib are inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKIs) generated from the bcr-abl fusion protein, c-Kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Cutaneous adverse effects (AEs) of TKI are the most frequent non-hematological sequelae. In our case, the common molecular target raises the possibility that cross-intolerance, in which similar AEs occur with both agents, can arise. We hereby report a rare case report on cross-intolerance of cutaneous AEs of imatinib and nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Primary Cutaneous Actinomycosis Mimicking Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kamath Ratnakar R. , Kura Mahendra M. , Basumatary Rituparna
Published: April 2024

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection commonly seen in the tropics, caused by gram-positive, anaerobic bacilli of the genus Actinomyces. There are very few reported cases of primary cutaneous actinomycosis. It can mimic mycetoma, tuberculosis, nocardiosis, and botryomycosis. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis in the absence of sinuses. Even with repeated attempts, cultures are mostly negative; and hence, histology reveals the diagnosis in most cases. Here, we report an unusual case of primary cutaneous actinomycosis in a 21-year-old female patient, following a road traffic accident (RTA). A positive Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon and special stains demonstrated the ray fungus and helped us reach the diagnosis. The patient was started on oral penicillin G and showed good response.
Serum Granulysin as a Possible Key Marker of Vitiligo Activity and Severity
Authors: Mustafa Amany I. , Abdel-Halim Waleed A. E. , Osman Maha M. , Rezk Shymaa M.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Vitiligo is an immune-mediated, chronic skin condition that affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Antimicrobial peptide overexpression is one of its defining characteristics. Granulysin (GNLY), an antimicrobial peptide, may play a role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases.

Objectives:

To estimate the serum GNLY levels in vitiligo patients and to correlate those levels with the severity and activity of the disease.

Materials and Methods:

This case-control study included 60 non-segmental vitiligo patients (Group A) and a control group of 60 people who were matched for age and sex, appeared to be in good health, and were not suffering from vitiligo (Group B). The serum granulysin levels of all subjects were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

When compared to the control group, vitiligo patients had significantly higher serum GNLY levels (P = 0.001). When compared to patients with stable disease, those with active vitiligo had significantly higher serum GNLY levels (P = 0.008). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the serum GNLY levels and the vitiligo area severity index and vitiligo disease activity scores (P = 0.004 and <0.001, respectively).

Limitations:

Study population was relatively small. Evaluation of serum granulysin before and after treatment could have been more beneficial.

Conclusions:

Blood granulysin levels could contribute to the pathogenesis of vitiligo. A higher serum granulysin level may also be a trustworthy predictor of the severity and progression of a disease.
Trichoscopic and Clinico-Morphological Evaluation of Tinea Capitis
Authors: Meghwal Lavina , Mehta Sharad , Gupta Lalit Kumar , Balai Manisha , Mittal Asit
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Tinea capitis (TC) is a common fungal infection of the scalp, especially in children. Trichoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows rapid and magnified in vivo observation of the hair with the visualization of morphologic features that are often imperceptible to the naked eye.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of trichoscopy in clinical diagnosis and to study various clinico-morphological patterns of TC.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional, observational study included 140 clinically diagnosed cases of TC seen during a period of 1 year (April 2021 to March 2022). All patients were evaluated using a dermoscope (DermLite DL4 Multispectral 3 Gen, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA,10×).

Results:

The prevalence rate of TC in this study was 2.69 per thousand population. The most common clinical variant was gray patch followed by kerion and black dot, and the most common etiological agent was Trichophyton tonsurans. The characteristic trichoscopic features were as follows: comma hairs (80%), followed by corkscrew hairs (68.6%), bent hairs (54.2%), zigzag hairs (35.7%), and morse code-like hairs (15%). Other findings included scaling (89.2%), followed by black dot (67.1%), broken hairs (42.8%), and crusting and pustules (32.1% each). Comma and corkscrew-shaped hairs were most common in the black dot type, whereas zigzag, bent hairs, and morse code hairs were common in the gray patch type of TC. There was a significant association between trichoscopic findings and type of TC.

Conclusion:

Trichoscopy can be considered a novel tool for rapid diagnosis and selection of the appropriate therapy and in the monitoring of treatment efficacy in TC.
Henna Tattoo: From Cosmetic Purposes to Dermatological Reactions
Authors: Abu El-Hamd Mohammed , Aboeldahab Soha
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Henna, commonly used as a hair dye, is also used for temporary tattoos. It is commonly mixed with para-phenylenediamine (PPD) to enhance color intensity, which may induce cutaneous sensitization.

Aim:

This study aimed to describe the clinicodemographic features of patients with dermatological reactions to henna tattoos.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study, included patients with dermatological reactions to henna tattoos. All the patients were subjected to entire medical history including clinicodemographic data and general and dermatological examinations.

Results:

This study included 17 female patients with a mean age of 26.88 ± 6.6 years. Of these 17 patients; 41.2% were suburban residents, 58.8% were housewives, 70.6% were married, and 47.1% were middle socioeconomic class and 53% had type IV Fitzpatrick skin. All used black color and commercial henna for cosmetic purposes, 41.2% used market henna, and 35.3% used coiffeur henna. Many (70.6%) had localized reactions with 23.5% presenting with reaction of hands, 64.7% had acute eczematous reactions, and all had a progressive course. The mean duration of the reaction was 6.76 ± 2.6 days. The mean latency time of the reaction was 2.7 ± 0.85 days.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that public awareness of possible cutaneous reactions to henna tattoos should be increased. The health authority legislation should control the use of black henna to minimize the consequences.
Dermato-Radiological Evaluation of Congenital Limb Overgrowth Vascular Syndromes
Authors: Arora Suryansh , Mehra Shibani , Bhattacharya Ipshita , Nanda Civilee
Published: April 2024

International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification defines Congenital Limb Overgrowth Vascular Syndromes (CLOS) as a subset of vascular syndromes with other abnormalities that present with unilateral limb overgrowth. It includes Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome, Parkes–Weber Syndrome, CLOVES (Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular Malformations, Epidermal Nevi, Spinal/Skeletal Anomalies/Scoliosis) Syndrome, Proteus Syndrome, PTEN Hamartomatous Syndrome, and Fibroadipose Vascular Anomaly. Due to their rare and complex nature, a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment is required. A thorough clinical and radiological workup can go miles in reflecting on the patient’s outcome. Here we report five cases of CLOS with their detailed dermato-radiological profiles.
Pruritic Trichostasis Spinulosa: A Rare Variant
Authors: Gaurav Vishal , Tyagi Mehul , Grover Chander , Sharma Sonal
Published: April 2024

Trichostasis spinulosa is a disorder of hair follicles characterized by the retention of vellus telogen club hair, leading to the formation of comedo-like lesions. It usually presents over the face and is frequently asymptomatic. We report a 53-year-old female who presented with multiple itchy, discrete, bluish-black, 2–3 mm comedo-like follicular papules and pustules on her breast and lower abdomen for the past 2 years. In-vivo dermoscopy showed keratotic plugs with a tuft of hair. Extraction dermoscopy yielded a cystic structure filled with keratin and multiple vellus telogen club hairs. Histology showed a cyst lined by squamous epithelium containing abundant laminated keratinous debris and a vellus hair shaft. Truncal or breast involvement, as seen in the present case, is relatively rare, and can be pruritic, causing significant morbidity due to itching and secondary bacterial infections. Dermoscopy, especially ex-vivo extraction dermoscopy, can show diagnostic features and obviate the need for abiopsy.
RASopathies: Evolving Concepts in Pathogenetics, Clinical Features, and Management
Authors: Padhiyar Jigna , Mahajan Rahul , Panda Maitreyee
Published: April 2024

RASopathies refers to the group of disorders which are caused by a mutation in various genes of the RAS/MAPK (RAT sarcoma virus/Mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway. It includes many genes with varied functions, which are responsible for cell cycle regulation. As the mutation in one gene affects the entire pathway, there are many overlapping features among the various syndromes which are included under an umbrella term “RASopathies.” However, neuroectodermal involvement is a unifying feature among these syndromes, which are caused by germline mutations affecting genes along this pathway. Recently, many other RASopathies have been described to involve blood vessels, lymphatics, and immune system. Also, many cutaneous mosaic disorders have been found to have mutations in the concerned pathway. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the pathogenesis of RASopathies with cutaneous manifestations, and summarise the features that can be helpful as diagnostic clues to dermatologists. As we understand more about the pathogenesis of the pathway at the cellular level, the research on genotype-phenotype correlation and therapeutic options broadens. Targeted therapy is in the clinical and preclinical trial phase, which may brighten the future of many patients.
A Comparative Study on Serum Levels of “Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin” Between Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris and Healthy Individuals: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Kollabathula Siri Sri , Venkatachalam Konakanchi , Susmitha Divya Kethireddi , Guruprasad Patnala , Nayar Pallapati Anila Sunandini
Published: April 2024

Background:

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine initially implicated to be associated with allergic disorders inducing Th2 response. Emerging studies have shown that TSLP is also involved in autoimmune diseases. In psoriasis, TSLP acts in synergy with T cell-derived CD40L to promote the release of IL-23 from dendritic cells. IL-23 is responsible for the inappropriate immune reaction and keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. Targeting TSLP could be a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of psoriasis.

Objective:

To compare the serum levels of TSLP between patients with psoriasis and healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 38 patients with psoriasis. The severity of psoriasis was graded into mild, moderate, and severe according to PASI. A total of 30 healthy individuals with matched age and sex were taken as controls. 5 ml of venous blood was collected, centrifuged, and the collected serum was stored at -80°C until quantitative assessment by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Results:

TSLP has been found to be significantly elevated in the sera of cases (0.1380178 pg/ml) than in controls (0.1125974 pg/ml). There was also a significant proportionate increase in the mean TSLP with the mean PASI score.

Limitations:

The sample size was small and we could not follow-up the cases to study the changes in TSLP levels with remission of the lesions.

Conclusion:

We found that serum TSLP was elevated in psoriasis patients and correlated with disease severity, indicating a possible pathogenetic role.
IJCM_1A: Connecting Compassionately: An Evaluation of Medical Graduates and Postgraduates Attitudes Toward Learning Communication Skills
Authors: Agrawal Jhilmil , Abedi Ali Jafar , Mehnaz Saira , Zubair Mohd. Yasir , Maheshwari Veena
Published: April 2024

Background:

Good communication skills are crucial for clinicians, influencing patient health and satisfaction. These skills build trust between patients and providers, preventing risks and conflicts. The 2019 introduction of the Attitude, Ethics, and Communication (AETCOM) module in MBBS curriculum by the Medical Council of India aims to enhance medical students’ communication skills, curb malpractices, and uphold patient’s trust in doctors.

Methodology:

It’s a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh. A total of 478 medical-graduates and PGs (divided into four groups of first (2023), second (2022+2021), third (2020+2019) MBBS-batch and fourth (Interns+ PGs) groups) were enrolled to fill up the communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) questionnaire online which consists of 13 positive and 13 negative, and also 13 affective, 5 cognitive and 4 respect attitude questions which was scored in five-point Likert’s scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software.

Results:

Overall score for positive, negative, affective, cognitive and respect domain were 36.6±7.0, 54.3±6.2, 43.5±4.6, 17.4±2.1 and 17.0±2.3 respectively. There is significant difference in score of negative attitude of first group with second and third group (34.4 vs 37.5, p=0.003 and 34.4 vs 37.8, p=0.001) respectively while positive attitude remained same. Also, significant difference in affective (42.6 vs 44.3, p=0.036) and cognitive (17.1 vs 17.9, p=0.034) component between first and fourth group while no such difference was found in respect attitude.

Conclusion:

Study reveals a positive inclination among medical graduates and PGs towards CSLP while a decrease in negative attitude of interns and PGs from final year students, may be due to increase in clinical exposure with the patients. The favorable attitude underscores the potential for successful integration of such programs into medical education, fostering effective communication, enhancing the quality of patient care.
IJCM_10A: Role of male spouse in antenatal care of pregnant women in the urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru – A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Bhagavati Vilas Revanappa , Saraswathi S , Ranganath T.S.
Published: April 2024

Background:

The husband has a great role to play in the antenatal care of his wife during pregnancy. Male spouse involvement is crucial and essential in utilization of the services and benefits, antenatal services to the maximum by the woman. The male spouse involvement will have positive impact on reproductive and child health. The extent of involvement of male spouse depends on the gender role attitudes and the social network.

Objective:

To assess the involvement of Male spouse in Antenatal care.

Methodology:

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the month of June to November 2023 among 263 Male partners of parous women between the reproductive age 15-45yr, in the urban slum area of BMCRI, Bangalore through simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested, semi-structured, questionnaire was used to collect the data, to assess their involvement during antenatal care. Data collected was entered in MS Excel and analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.

Results:

In our study, 84% were actually present at the hospital during the delivery and 82.5% had good practice of taking appointment for ANC visits of their wives. About 77.6% were aware of pregnancy related danger signs. But only 35% participants accompanied their wives to ANC visit at least four times.

Conclusion:

There is a need to recognize importance and positive impact of male participation in antenatal care. Knowledge and attitude of men are the prime determinants of their level of participation in antenatal care.
IJCM_100A: Mountain Heights and Aging Insights: A Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Its Correlates in a Mesmerizing Hilly City of Northern India
Authors: Sachdeva Amit
Published: April 2024

Background:

Global population is experiencing a rapid increase in the proportion of older adults, posing unique challenges to healthcare systems.

Objective:

To conduct a comprehensive geriatric assessment in Shimla, a hilly city in Northern India

Methodology:

A total of 408 participants aged 60 years and above were included in the study. Data were collected through structured interviews using a specifically designed questionnaire covering wide range of topics including socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, functional assessment, cognitive function assessment, psychosocial assessment, nutritional assessment, physical examination, fall risk assessment, and polypharmacy assessment.

Results:

The study involved 408 participants, with an average age of 70 years, comprising 53% males and 47% females. Functional assessment indicated theneed for assistance in various activities of daily living (ADLs) (16-32%) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (28-42%) Cognitive function assessment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) revealed cognitive impairment in 32% and 42%, respectively. The Clock Drawing Test indicated difficulties in time representation and spatial organization in 28%. Psychosocial assessment highlighted the prevalence of symptoms of depression in 36% and f anxiety in 27%. Nutritional assessment revealed that 29% were malnourished, and 34% were at high risk of malnutrition according to the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Musculoskeletal disorders were found in 42%, while sensory impairments were observed in 28%. The fall risk assessment using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Berg Balance Scale indicated an increased risk of falls in 36% and 41%, respectively. Polypharmacy assessment highlighted that 82 were taking multiple medications concurrently.

Conclusion:

The findings emphasize the importance of addressing the specific challenges faced by older adults in such geographical contexts. The results can guide the development of effective healthcare interventions and policies that are tailored to the unique needs of older adults in hilly areas.
IJCM_102A: Perception of Medical, Dental and Allied Health Science (AHS) Students towards Inter-professional Learning and Inter-professionalism in Mangalore
Authors: Chauhan Akshata J , Kumar Sunil , Singhal Abhinav , Khanuja Anushka , Karoshma MP , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Interprofessional Education (IPE) has gained recognition in health professions education due to evolving healthcare roles and systems, emphasizing collaboration for quality care. Attitudinal barriers hinder its implementation, necessitating a deeper understanding of student perspectives. This study explores the attitudes of medical (MBBS), dental (BDS), and allied health science (AHS) students towards interprofessional learning (IPL) in a cross-sectional study at Kasturba Medical College (KMC) and Manipal College of Dental Sciences (MCODS), Manipal University, Mangalore.

Methodology:

A total of 205 students participated, comprising 150 MBBS, 40 BDS, and 15 AHS students. Data was collected through a modified semi-structured questionnaire, assessing attitudes towards IPL using Likert scales. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS ver. 20.0, with results expressed in medians and significance determined by the Mann-Whitney test.

Results:

Overall, students demonstrated positive attitudes towards IPL, with significant agreement that it enhances communication skills, facilitates professional relationships, and improves clinical problem-solving. Both MBBS and non-medical students expressed willingness to learn with peers from diverse healthcare disciplines, indicating a shared understanding of the importance of collaborative practice.

Conclusion:

The study highlights favourable attitudes among medical, dental, and allied health science students towards interprofessional learning, suggesting a readiness for collaboration in healthcare practice. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating interprofessional education opportunities within healthcare curricula to foster teamwork and enhance patient care outcomes.
IJCM_105A: Clinical Profile of Cases of Fibroid Uterus Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore
Authors: Sinha Aayush , Mukherjee Ramita , George Filgy , Loomila L , Sharan Soumya , Holla Ramesh , Kumar Nithin , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Motappa Rohith , Rao Mithun
Published: April 2024

Background:

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths of the uterus commonly occurring during childbearing years. Despite their benign nature, they can cause significant morbidity. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of uterine fibroids, socio- demographic profiles, clinical features, complications, treatment modalities, and outcomes among patients in a tertiary hospital setting.

Methodology:

A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at Government Lady Goshen Hospital, Mangalore, from 8th February 2015 to 28th February 2015. Records of patients diagnosed with uterine fibroids in 2013 and 2014 were reviewed. Data on socio-demographic details, clinical features, complications, comorbid conditions, treatments, and outcomes were collected using a structured proforma and analysed using SPSS version 11.5.

Results:

A total of 177 cases of uterine fibroids were analysed. Most patients belonged to the age group of 31-40 years. Menstrual disturbances were common, with menorrhagia being predominant. Complications such as infertility and vaginal discharge were observed in 21.5% of cases. Surgical treatment, particularly hysterectomy, was commonly employed, resulting in a cure rate of 76.8%.

Conclusion:

This study provides insights into the clinical profile and management of uterine fibroids in a tertiary hospital setting. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, considering socio-demographic factors and associated complications, are essential for improved outcomes in patients with uterine fibroids.
IJCM_106A: Motivating factor, Health and Quality of life: A mixed methods study of elderly residents in a senior living facility in Bangalore, South India
Authors: Prakash Savinitha , Agrawal Twinkle , Stephan Milind , Koshy Karan Anil , George Sukrutha
Published: April 2024

Background:

Senior living communities, offering autonomous living in India are nascent but are experiencing increased demand due to a growing proportion of financially independent seniors and the prevalent phenomenon of nuclear families.

Objective:

To determine factors influencing elderly citizens choosing to live in a senior living community, to assess their quality of life, mental health and sleep hygiene; and to qualitatively explore contributing factors.

Methodology:

This mixed methods study was done exploratively among residents of a private paid-for senior living facility in Bangalore. Quantitative data was collected using standard questionnaires. Linear and logistic regression was performed to look for associations. Subsequently, key informant interviews were conducted. The data were manually coded, and inductive thematic analysis was performed.

Results:

The median age of the 100 participants was 76 years and 73% were financially independent. Comorbidities were present in 89% of them. Reasons for living in the facility were lack of family support (69%) and preferring to live with peers (13%). The Old People Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire revealed a median score of 44 with 88% strongly agreeing that they enjoyed their life overall. Quality of life was significantly lesser in those lacking family support. Screening for psychological distress using PHQ4 was positive in 22%. Sleep disturbance was perceived by 71%, with waking up in the middle of the night being the commonest complaint. Qualitative findings revealed that the management allocates funds effectively for the residents needs and well-being. Residents stated that staff worked with patience and compassion. Regular recreational activities enhance mental health. Shared religious and social ties foster support.

Conclusion:

Most residents of this senior living facility said they have a good quality of life and that they were satisfied with the community support and facilities provided.
IJCM_107A: A study on healthcare seeking behaviour among the geriatric population residing in southeast Delhi: A community based cross sectional study
Authors: Sultana Eram , Roy Sushovan , Alvi Yasir , Gautam Richa
Published: April 2024

Background:

Health-seeking behaviour is defined as â€˜any activity undertaken by individuals who perceive themselves to have a health problem or to be ill for the purpose of finding an appropriate remedy. The severity of the disease among elderly is influenced by one important factor which is health seeking behaviour. To regain their lost health status the elderly must seek the treatment. The way people conceptualize the cause of their health problem and their perception of symptoms plays an important role in seeking healthcare. Health seeking behaviour is influenced by few factors like illiteracy, misconception, income, family composition, social isolation and dependency.

Objective:

To assess the healthcare seeking behaviour among the geriatric population residing in the field practise area of a Medical College in South East Delhi.

Methodology:

Community-based cross-sectional study conducted in South East Delhi. â€¢ The sample size was calculated as 350 considering a relative error of 3% at 95% level of significance and 10% non-response rate. Stratified random sampling with probability proportional to size was applied to the population registered at UHTC & RHTC area of a medical college in southeast Delhi. Households were selected by systematic random sampling. Persons aged > 60 years from the households were selected for the study. A self-designed, pre-tested, validated, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data.

Results

In our study it was found that the majority of the participants take treatment when they fall sick ie 99.5%. Of those who take treatment 54% go forconsultation whereas 48% take over the counter medication and 33% do home remedies. Out of the 54% who consult, 78.7% visit Private health facility and 21.3% visit Public health facility. Out of the 78.7% who visit private health facility 65.9% visit Non registered medical practitioner and 7.1% don’t even know whether their doctor is registered or not. Majority of the participants ie 86% preferred health facility within 1kms of their house & it was also a major reason for choosing a health facility for consultation. 98% of the participants visit only in case of illness. 52% were accompanied by their children or daughter in law and 26% visited alone.

Conclusion:

The participants favoured more private than public healthcare institutions. Nearby medical facilities were favoured, and non-registered medical professionals comprised the majority of them. Almost all senior people received therapy of some kind rather than dismissing it as an issue unique to ageing.
IJCM_108A: A Community Based Cross-sectional Study on prevalence of Low Social Support Status of the Geriatric Age group in a Rural population of South India.
Authors: Ravikrishnan R , Venkatesan Murugan
Published: April 2024

Background:

The elderly above 60 years of age constituted 10.5% of India’s population according to the United Nations Population Fund India Ageing Report 2023.

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of low social support of the geriatric age group in a rural population of South India.

Methodology:

A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 elderly individuals including both genders in two villages of the field practice areas of the Rural Health Training Center of MAPIMS during the month of September & October 2023 with the use of the Multidimensional Scale Perceived Social Support questionnaire (MSPSS). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were carried out using SPSS version 24 software.

Results:

The mean age of the study participants was 66.33 ± 8.02 years and the majority of the study participants were females (62%). Out of 200 study Participants, 110 (55%) elderly were found to have low social support, 71 (35.5%) had moderate social support and 19 (9.5%) had high social support. The result also showed that the farmers, Illiterates, people belonging to low socioeconomic status and those married were significantly having low social support.

Conclusion:

The study concluded the prevalence of low social support is high among the geriatric population and emphasizes the need to create awareness among the people regarding the provision of social support to the geriatric population.
IJCM_11A: Clinico-epidemiological profile of malignancies in the tertiary care centres in Mangalore
Authors: Gupta Kashvi , Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan B , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Chaturvedi Abhinav , Shetty Siddhant , Shankar Ravi , Singh Richa , Ayesha
Published: April 2024

Background:

The Hospital-based Cancer Registry (HBCR) part of the National Cancer Registry Programme provides the number of cancer cases attending the hospital in various disciplines and the exact type of cases classified, diagnosed and treated. This study was done to assess the socio-demographic, clinical profile, and trend of malignancy cases in the tertiary care centres of Mangalore.

Methodology:

This Record-based retrospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals affiliated with Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and all the cases of malignancies admitted during the study period were included. The data were collected using a proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. The results were expressed as proportions using appropriate tables and graphs.

Results:

A total of 600 cancer cases were identified, with females comprising nearly half 48.8%(n=293) and among them the highest number of cases, 28% (n=82) were found in the age group 60 and above. Overall, cancer cases appear to be more prevalent in older age groups for both genders. Among males, the most common cancers were Oral cavity cancers 34.2%(n=105), followed by Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers,16.3%(n=50). In females the most common cancers were found to be of the breast followed by uterine cancer then by oral cavity

Conclusion:

The prevalence of cancer in both genders were found to be almost the same. The highest number of cases were reported from Karnataka followed by Kerala. The highest prevalence was found in higher extremes of age above 60 years.
IJCM_110A: How informed are our patients about generic medicines? – A study from coastal South India
Authors: Darshan B.B , Hanumanth S , Shetty Sathkar U , Shetty Ananya , Prakash Vaishnavi
Published: April 2024

Background:

Medicines form a major part of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for patients. The government has introduced schemes to distribute generic medicines at low cost to reduce the financial burden on patients. This study was undertaken to assess the community’s perception of the same. The study aimed to assess the awareness and perception of generic medicines among people visiting tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore.

Methodology:

This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in two hospitals, one private hospital, and another a government tertiary healthcare centre. A semi-structured questionnaire including socio- demographic variables and questions to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception about generic medicines and programs about the same was given to the participants. The information obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 for descriptive statistics.

Results:

The study included 300 participants. Around 50% of the study participants were aware of the program, of which 59.3% were from a private health setup. The main source of information was found to be friends and family (21.3%). More than half of the people who were aware of the program had never visited a generic medicine store (56%).

Conclusion:

Knowledge regarding generic medicines was found to be minimal among the participants, especially from the people visiting the public health setup. Hence there is less than optimum utilization of these schemes.
IJCM_111A: Awareness of third- and fourth-hand smoking and its implications among medical students - A cross sectional study
Authors: Saranya SV , Prabhakar Ram V , Balamurugan S
Published: April 2024

Background:

The term third hand smoke (THS) may have initially appeared in print in 2006, more widely known in 2009. In that work, the researchers stated that 65.2% of non-smokers and 43.3% of smokers believed THS could harm children and such opinions were associated with the imposition of home smoking bans. Fourth-hand smoke, up to two thirds of cigarette butts terminate in the environment.

Objective:

To estimate awareness and implication of third- and fourth-hand smoking among Medical students.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted among Medical students of a Medical College in South India in the month of April 2023. All Medical students whoever gave consent were included in the study. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was administered in google forms to the study participants and informed consent was obtained from the participants. The Beliefs About Third Hand (BATHS) Scale was used to determine beliefs about THS. The data was initially entered to Microsoft Excel 2010 and analysed using statistical package of social science (SPSS trial version 20.0).

Results:

Among the 360 participants only 35.6% (128) of participants were aware of third hand smoking and 23.3% (84) of participants were aware about fourth hand smoking. Nearly 222(61.6%) participants had opinion of developing asthma, followed by acute respiratory tract infection and wheeze in children when exposed to third hand smoke. Majority 341(94.7%) and 344 (95.6%) participants out of 360 had opinion that smoking should be banned in home environment and public places respectively.

Conclusion:

The medical students had less awareness about third hand smoke and its effect on human health, hence measures have to be taken to make medical students aware about it. It can be recommended to incorporate third- and fourth-hand smoking as educational messages in the medical curriculum.
IJCM_113A: Prevalence and contributing factors of obesity among school going adolescents living in Guwahati city
Authors: Sarmah Arunima , Ojah Jutika , Hazarika Mehzabin Haider
Published: April 2024

Background:

Obesity has become a global epidemic. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in developing countries like India in recent years.

Objectives:

1) To estimate the prevalence of obesity among school going adolescents living in Guwahati city. 2) To determine various socio- demographic factors affecting obesity among school going adolescents living in Guwahati city.

Methodology:

Taking the prevalence of obesity from one previous study as 5%, absolute error as 2%, the sample size was calculated to be 475, rounded off to 480. A list of all government and private schools present in Guwahati city were collected from Inspector of Schools, Kamrup (M) district. By simple random sampling, a total of 4 schools (two governments and two privates) were selected. From each chosen school, 120 children from 5th-10th standard were selected and included in the study. Since the number of classes is 6 from 5th-10th standard, 20 children were selected from each class randomly to get the desired sample size of 480. Students were interviewed and examined by pre-designed semi-structured schedule.

Results:

The prevalence of obesity was found to be 3.75%. Obesity was significantly higher among those who were non-vegetarian; those who indulged in unhealthy eating habits, were physically inactive and watched television for a longer duration.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of obesity was more among students having modifiable risk factors. So, timely interventions should be taken to improve awareness about healthy lifestyle behavior to prevent obesity and its complications among adolescents.
IJCM_115A: Assessing control status of diabetes and hypertension in adults in rural Nagpur: A Formative Approach
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Vedavati , Deshmukh Pradeep , Tripathy Jayaprasad
Published: April 2024

Background:

Formative research is the process by which researchers aim to understand the current behaviours, perceptions and needs of the target population which affects their decisions and actions. There is gap in literature regarding the health system preparedness to tackle the increasing burden of lifestyle diseases, especially in post-COVID era. This study proposes to identify the various barriers and facilitators in optimising control status among those already diagnosed with lifestyle diseases, through formative approach.

Objective:

To describe the various barriers and facilitators important for maintaining optimum control of blood sugar and blood pressure among adults with diabetes and hypertension in rural Nagpur

Methodology:

Rural Nagpur (Populations served by RHTC Bela) Population: 1-Stakeholders including adult consenting diabetic and hypertensive patients. 2-Private and Govt. Medical Practitioner Sampling Technique: Purposive sampling of diabetic and Hypertensive patients was done based on their vocal and willingness to participate in Barrier Analysis. All health care providers from public health facilities (Medical officers and Community health officers from the selected PHC) were considered for in-depth interviews without any sampling. Data collection: Ethnographic analysis including Barrier Analysis through-semi- structured interview, free-listing and Pile sorting using standard techniques. Verbatim recording was followed by coding and analysis. Data Analysis: Analysis was done using Atlas. Ti and Anthropac Software. Smiths Saliency Score was generated wherever appropriate and cognitive map was created.

Results:

From interim analysis, through triangulation of data, some of the themes that emerged were “Frequent Refill”, “Healthcare Worker Reluctanc”, “Unavailability of medications” as the top barriers to maintaining good control status of diabetes and hypertension.

Conclusion:

This study will identify the barriers and facilitators at individual, family and at the health system level in controlling the lifestyle diseases, paving the way for the development of future implementation packages appropriate in the cultural context.