bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La paridad en manos de Vox: Un estudio sobre la disminución de diputadas en el Congreso
Authors: Novo-Arbona Ainhoa , Ahedo Unai
Published: June 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo contribuir al estudio de los factores que causan la infrarrepresentación de las mujeres en los Parlamentos, centrándose en el caso del Congreso de los Diputados español, donde parece existir una correlación inversa entre el crecimiento de un partido de derecha radical y antifeminista como Vox y el menor número de parlamentarias en la Cámara. Analizando las candidaturas y los resultados electorales de cada partido político en cada una de las elecciones, se ha medido la efectividad de la cuota por circunscripción y partido político. Los resultados nos demuestran que el número de mujeres electas depende fundamentalmente de la voluntad de los partidos políticos a la hora de elaborar las candidaturas y situar a mujeres en puestos de salida.
lgunos riesgos para el estatus de las personas en la utilización de la inteligencia artificial: Aproximación a los avances de la Ley 15/2022
Authors: Sarrión Esteve Joaquín , Benlloch Domènech Cristina
Published: June 2024

El crecimiento exponencial de las tecnologías digitales, en particular de la inteligencia artificial, junto con el grado de penetración que tiene hoy en día internet y lo digital en la sociedad, posibilitan el acceso a un mundo lleno de oportunidades, al mismo tiempo que se plantean riesgos para la persona y su estatus jurídico, sea como ciudadano, usuario, profesional, investigador o tecnólogo. Esto se manifiesta de forma especial cuando la tecnología permite la utilización de algoritmos en el proceso de toma de decisiones que pueden tener consecuencias jurídicas o bien otros resultados o efectos que pueden ser equivalentes o similares, dados los potenciales efectos discriminatorios de estas decisiones, lo que afecta especialmente a personas que forman parte de colectivos vulnerables. La Ley 15/2022, de 12 de julio, Integral para la Igualdad de Trato y no Discriminación, que se inserta dentro de la Estrategia Nacional sobre la Inteligencia Artificial, tiene como gran objetivo constituir el mínimo común normativo fundamental del derecho antidiscriminatorio español, así como establecer sus garantías básicas. En este trabajo realizamos una aproximación a la problemática de la revolución tecnológica y los riesgos asociados a su desarrollado para el estatus de las personas, así como el avance que supone la Ley 15/2022, en el contexto de las iniciativas nacionales y europeas sobre esta materia.
La elección indirecta de segundo grado y la dinámica partidista: Frenos a la presencia equilibrada en las diputaciones provinciales en España
Authors: Mateos Crespo José Luis
Published: June 2024

La provincia es pieza clave de la organización territorial en España desde hace dos siglos y el estudio de su configuración resulta de interés. La Constitución española de 1978 no realiza un tratamiento detallado de la provincia ni de su órgano de gobierno autónomo, las diputaciones, siendo su regulación tarea del legislador estatal. En particular, el sistema de elección de los miembros de las corporaciones provinciales se regula en la normativa electoral que establece las reglas de este procedimiento, a realizar tras la constitución de los ayuntamientos. La elección de los diputados provinciales es indirecta de segundo grado, lo que ha planteado dudas sobre la relación de representatividad de estos representantes; y en ella, el control de los partidos políticos es casi absoluto. La ausencia de obligación legal para elaborar candidaturas que incorporen el principio de presencia equilibrada, a diferencia de otro tipo de elecciones, provoca una infrarrepresentación de las mujeres en las diputaciones provinciales.
Los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en la reciente doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional español: Perspectivas constitucionales con enfoque de género
Authors: Pérez Salamanca Carolina
Published: June 2024

Recientemente el Tribunal Constitucional español ha dictado varias sentencias relacionadas con la protección de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos (SSTC 66/2022, de 2 de junio; 11/2023, de 23 de febrero; 44/2023, de 9 de mayo, y 78/2023, de 3 de julio), señalando que es necesario un cambio doctrinal en la materia, debido a la evolución de los instrumentos jurídicos de protección de los derechos de las mujeres. A pesar de esto, la opinión del Tribunal se enfrenta a múltiples limitaciones y, por lo tanto, es necesario el fortalecimiento de perspectivas que contribuyan a reforzar la interpretación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en clave de igualdad.
Feminismo y derecho: Las caras oscuras del consentimiento sexual de las mujeres
Authors: Maqueda Abreu María Luisa
Published: June 2024

Es la primera vez que se gesta en el Estado español un debate de fondo acerca del consentimiento sexual de las mujeres. El contexto ha sido el de la legalidad penal y sus protagonistas preferentes las/os juristas y la academia feminista, con sus potentes voces dispares. Las polémicas existentes en su seno dejan ver dos caras bien distintas: la de un consentimiento sexual construido en torno a la capacidad de autodeterminación de todas las mujeres sin interferencias intolerables en su intimidad y sin alertas ni miedos al peligro de expresar su voluntad libre, y la de un consentimiento fragmentado y jerárquico que divide a las mujeres entre clases privilegiadas con opción a decidir sobre su sexualidad y clases subalternas que, gracias a una mirada victimista interesada, ven negado el valor de su consentimiento haciéndolo inválido e irrelevante en nombre de la igualdad de género. Este es el análisis crítico que se desarrolla a lo largo de este artículo.
Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients at a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Khanam Majeda , Sultana Anwara , Hoque Sania
Published: June 2024

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Antimicrobials are frequently used drugs for the treatment of UTIs. Periodic evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different antimicrobial agents is essential as the pattern of antimicrobial sensitivity may vary over period. The aim of this study was to identify the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolated uropathogens in female patients in urinary tract infection at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional type of study was conducted in the department of pharmacology and therapeutics in collaboration with department of microbiology SBMC, outpatient department of medicine, and gynaecology and obstetrics, SBMCH, Barishal, from January 2017 to December 2017.
Results: In this study, age of the subjects ranging from 18 to 65 years, majority subjects (57.0%) belonged to age group of 31-44 years. The mean age was found 44.5±9.1 years. Out of 200 cases, 83% cases hailing from rural area and 17% from urban site. In this study microbial culture result of uncomplicated UTI revealed that 103 (51.5%) of urine samples had significant bacteriuria. E. coli was found to be the most prevalent 47 (45.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 18 (17.4%), Proteus spp. 11 (10.6%) and Enterobacter spp. 9 (8.7%).
Conclusions: The pattern of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials for treating UTI alerts us against indiscriminate usage of antimicrobials.
Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils exhibit testosterone antagonistic and oestrogen synergic effects in male Wistar rats: potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Chiara Nange Adjoffoin , Djiogue Sefirin , Bruno Dupon Ambamba Akamba , Berlise Bakam Yengwa , Kamga Kevine Silihe , Dieudonné Njamen
Published: June 2024

Background: Aframomum species are routinely used as spices in many traditional Cameroonian meals due to their sweet fragrance. Many species of the Aframomum species are also used to treat cancer, pain, arthritis, and stomach disorders. This work was performed to determine the chemical composition, antiandrogenic, and estrogenic properties of Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils.
Methods: The chemical components of A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The anti-androgenic and estrogenic properties were investigated in vivo in physically and chemically castrated Wistar rats, respectively.
Results: Fifteen compounds versus nine compounds were identified in A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils, respectively. The main compounds of Aframomum subsericeum were cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene) (10.03%), γ-terpine (12.22%), and myrtenyl acetate (8.52%), while those of Aframomum alboviolaceum were γ-terpinene (20.07%), caryophyllene (11.58%), myrtenyl acetate (7.22%), and (1R)2, 6, 6 trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene (6.97%). The results of the anti-androgenic test reveal that both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum induced a significant decrease in androgen-dependent organs, especially the prostate and seminal vesicle, at doses of 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, A. alboviolaceum showed oestrogen synergic effects on the above organs.
Conclusions: So, this study reveals mainly the presence of diterpenoids in both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum, which are potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment. The in vivo results show that Aframomum leaf essential has antiandrogenic and oestrogen synergic properties, suggesting that the oils could provide a safe natural drug for prostate cancer treatment.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards sunscreen use among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xaviar Suja , Natarajan Anusha , Selvaraj Nitya , Joseph Probin
Published: June 2024

Background: This study was done to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of medical undergraduate students toward the usage of sunscreen as protective measures against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. A pre-designed and validated questionnaire containing 13 questions was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice. The filled KAP questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: A total of 100 medical students participated in our study. The mean age of respondents was 19.9±0.73 years. Half of the study participants (50%) were aware of the association between long term sun exposure and skin cancer. Only 17.5% of students were aware of the correct quantity of sunscreen to be used for effective sun protection.65% of respondents did not apply the sunscreen product 30 minutes prior to sun exposure. Only 40% of students could name at least 1 ingredient in sunscreen. Reapplication rates were 39.1% among respondents.
Conclusions: This study indicated that the awareness and level of knowledge of sunscreen use is not adequate among the medical personnel, thus requiring health education programs to emphasize the importance of regular and correct sunscreen use. It is imperative that the medical students are adequately informed regarding sunscreen benefits and skin cancer prevention as they form the future healthcare system.
Pharmacological effect of walnuts consumption on metabolic syndrome: a current view
Authors: Ofor Casimir C. , Ohanme Eugene O. , Nwakelu Benjamin N. , Ofornakara Uzochukwu , Aja Daniel O. , Shu Elvis N. , Ghasi Samuel I.
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide (WHO, 2017). In addition to the global and national morbidity and mortality burdens of the disease, it imposes a substantial economic burden on society. The American heart association predicts that by 2035, 45% of Americans will suffer from CVD with costs expected to reach $1.1 trillion annually. Clinical trials have demonstrated that a nut-containing diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, while high in poly and monounsaturated fatty acids has a beneficial effect on plasma lipids and lipoproteins when compared with either a low fat or average American diet. Other bioactive compounds present in walnuts, including micronutrients, fiber, and phytochemicals, may also contribute to their cardio protective effect by reducing inflammation, improving vascular reactivity, and lowering oxidative stress. It has been demonstrated that the consumption of walnuts resulted in significant reduction in body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, increased lean body mass and an increased amount of water in the body. A large population cohort study also demonstrated a marked reduction in body weight and other anthropometric parameters in people on regular consumption of walnuts.
Artificial intelligence-driven patient monitoring for adverse event detection in clinical trials
Authors: Vampana Sai Bhargavi , Jayanthi Emani Sai Sri , Mary D. Aashritha , Sriniketh Chakravarthi
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) keeps an eye on people in clinical studies to find out when bad things happen. This is a big way that AI is changing healthcare. It goes into a lot of detail about how AI has changed this field and stresses how important it is to use complicated formulas, always keep an eye on things, and follow the rules. These days, we have tools like deep learning frameworks, controlled and unsupervised learning models, and others that help us find bad things faster and more accurately. Tracking in real time is possible with early warning systems and constant data analysis. It helps make sure the experiment is done right and puts the safety of the people being tested first. AI-driven tracking systems can only work in an honest and reliable way if they follow the rules set by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and the EMA. The fact that AI has the ability to change the way medical research is done today, with benefits like making it faster and more accurate, makes its problems even more important. The report comes to the conclusion that more research, better teamwork, and a wider use of AI technologies are needed to make it more reliable to find bad events in clinical studies over time.
Antipsychotics - a key line treatment for various psychotic symptoms
Authors: Kaur Deepinder
Published: June 2024

‘Psychosis’ is the state of mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality followed by delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thoughts etc. which mainly occurs because of the imbalance of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin or glutamate. About 5-8% of people suffer from mental disorders in the whole world. In the earlier time it was difficult to treat such psychotic patients. So, when antipsychotics came in the market the treatment of such serious mental conditions became possible. Mainly two categories of antipsychotics are prescribed, out of which second generation are commonly prescribed because of their less adverse effects.
Vonoprazan: a promising advancement in proton pump inhibitor therapy
Authors: Vinayagam Shanmugapriya , Mittal Niti , Kaushal Jyoti
Published: June 2024

Vonoprazan, a potent potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for acid-related disorders, particularly gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the efficacy, safety profile, and clinical implications of vonoprazan based on current literature. Efficacy studies have demonstrated vonoprazan's superiority over proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in achieving effective acid suppression, rapid symptom relief, and promoting mucosal healing in patients with GERD and PUD. Moreover, its long-lasting acid suppression properties offer protection against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, presenting it as a potential alternative to traditional triple H. pylori eradication regimens. Safety evaluations reveal a favourable tolerability profile with minimal adverse effects and a lower risk of drug interactions compared to PPIs. However, concerns regarding long-term safety, such as hypomagnesemia and the potential for rebound acid hypersecretion, necessitate further investigation. Additionally, the role of vonoprazan in special populations, such as the elderly and those with renal impairment, warrants exploration. Overall, vonoprazan represents a promising advancement in acid suppression therapy, offering efficacy, safety, and potential advantages over traditional agents.
Microbial patterns in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at tertiary care
Authors: Miah Mohammad Amir Hossain , Mannan Mohammad Abdul , Ali Mirza Mohammad Idris , Khan Mohammad Delwar Jahan , Hoque A. F. M. Abdul
Published: June 2024

Background: In patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections represent a prevalent cause of mortality.
Methods: This study comprised a prospective cohort analysis involving 50 AECOPD patients at a tertiary care hospital located in Cumilla. The sputum culture of these patients was assessed to detect the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Additionally, the sensitivity and resistance patterns of these microorganisms to commonly prescribed antibiotics were investigated.
Results: From January 2023 July 2023, sputum cultures of 42% of patients yielded positive results for pathogenic microorganisms. Predominantly, gram-negative organisms such as Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter were isolated. The most prevalent age group among the fifty patients was 61-80 years, constituting 70% of the sample. Subsequently, the age groups of 41-60 years and 81-100 years represented 18% and 12% of the cohort, respectively. Among clinically diagnosed COPD patients experiencing acute exacerbations, 90% were male, with the majority being smokers or exposed to passive smoking. Notably, 26% of patients had a family history of COPD. Furthermore, 97% of patients had a history of respiratory infections, with 20% experiencing upper respiratory tract infections and 80% suffering from lower respiratory tract infections, including acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis.
Conclusions: Klebsiella exhibited relatively high susceptibility to antibiotics such as amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and cephalosporins. Conversely, Citrobacter and Pseudomonas displayed diverse susceptibility profiles, showing varying responses to different antibiotics. Additionally, Acinetobacter demonstrated relatively lower susceptibility to several antibiotics tested, suggesting potential challenges in its management.
Assessment of the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based oral screening solution in the diagnosis of dental calculus, stains, and dental caries (Logy AI oral screening solution)
Authors: R. Pradeep Kumar , Tiwari Nivedita , Panchbhai Anand , Chellappa Lalitha R. , Suresh Sushanthi , Pandiyan Indumathy
Published: June 2024

Background: The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate the precision of Logy AI's oral screening solution. This innovative module, driven by artificial intelligence, operates seamlessly through WhatsApp and as a standalone smartphone application. It is designed to detect various dental issues such as stains, calculus, and caries, utilizing images captured by a smartphone camera. The accuracy of the module was assessed by comparing its diagnoses with those made by dental professionals.
Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted in Saveetha Dental College, a tertiary care hospital in the southern part of India with 325 patients. Smartphone images taken were sent to the Logy AI oral screening solution which predicted if the patient had any oral hygiene issues like stains, calculus, and caries. Patients were examined by a dentist with visual-tactile and orthopantomogram (OPG) examination and were documented. Both were compared.
Results: The accuracy of the Logy AI oral screening solution for the detection of stains, calculus, and caries was comparable with the dentist's diagnosis. The accuracy was 85% for caries, 97% for stains, and 83% for calculus. The sensitivity was 88% for caries, 89% for stains, and 82% for calculus.
Conclusions: The Logy AI oral screening module demonstrates potential as an efficient oral screening tool suitable for community-level deployment, particularly in remote regions lacking access to costly dental equipment and healthcare professionals. Its accuracy and efficiency make it well-suited for operation in low-resource settings. Moreover, it holds promise as a valuable home screening tool for individuals seeking to monitor their oral health proactively.
Systemic lupus erythematous in men with interstitial lung pneumonia: a rare case report
Authors: Anjani I. Gusti Agung Dwi Putri , Saputra I. Wayan Eka , Widyaningsih Putu Dyah
Published: June 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with unknown etiology and very diverse clinical manifestations, disease course, and prognosis. It is most common in African-American women, the prevalence being 4 per 1000 females. SLE predominantly affects young women, most presenting between 20 and 40 years of age. Male SLE is rare, with only one male patient reported per nine females. Pulmonary involvement in SLE is various. SLE-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD), while rare, is a predictor of poor prognosis. We report a 50-year-old male patient with complaints of shortness of breath, previously diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematous by examination of the antinuclear antibody (ANA) profile. The patient underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax and the results showed interstitial lung pneumonia. The patient was given azathioprine and methylprednisolone therapy for Systemic lupus erythematous and ceftriaxone and acetylcysteine ​​for interstitial lung pneumonia.
Anaphylaxis shock with laryngeal edema: a case report
Authors: Pranata Anak A. N. S. , Wulandari Dewi C. , Setiawathi Ni P. , Suryana Ketut
Published: June 2024

Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic or hypersensitivity reaction that rapid in onset and affect airway, breathing, and/or circulatory problems, and that is usually associated with skin and mucosal changes. Laryngeal edema is observed in 40-50% of death cases. A 49-year-old Asian female came to emergency department with chief complaint of difficulty to breath since 30 minutes ago after took cefixime and also common cold drug (Combination of paracetamol, glyceryl guaifenesin, phenylephrine, and Chlorpheniramine maleate). She also complained difficulty to speak and feeling strangulated on her neck. She ever had an allergic reaction, when she was child after suffering fever and common cold, but didn’t remember the name of the medication. History of food allergies was denied. On physical examination revealed, dyspnea and minimal tachycardia. Present of laryngeal edema, on auscultation stridor and wheezing on both lungs. Diagnosis of anaphylactic shock was made, and immediately giving epinephrin and followed by corticosteroid and antihistamine. The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis might differ from patient to patient and impact the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and heart. Anaphylaxis fatal cases rise when laryngeal edema and cardiovascular organ involvement occur. The most frequent triggers are produced by food, venom from insects, and prescription drugs. The risk of death in anaphylaxis patients is decreased with prompt treatment. It is necessary to assess and maintain breathing, circulation, and airways in addition to determining the cause. Anaphylaxis can be potentially lethal or life-threatening, thus prompt identification and appropriate treatment are necessary.
The effect of birth-weight and instrumental delivery on neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Techane Masresha A. , Workneh Belayneh S. , Zegeye Alebachew F. , Terefe Bewuket , Tamir Tadesse T. , Mekonen Enyew G.
Published: June 2024

Birth trauma is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality in a resource-limited country. However, there is no national evidence on the magnitude and associated factors of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate pooled prevalence of neonatal birth trauma and its association with birth-weight and instrumental delivery in the Ethiopian context. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHIL, Cochrane library and Google Scholar were used to search significant articles. Suitable search terms were developed and used to retrieve studies from databases. Searching was limited to cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies conducted in Ethiopia and published in English language. Critical appraisal was conducted by using Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). Heterogeneity across the included studies was evaluated by using the inconsistency index (I2) test. STATA™ version 11 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. A total of 7 studies with 4063 study participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia was 13.4% (95% CI; (10.86, 15.95). instrumental delivery and ABO large birth weight were significantly associated with the prevalence of neonatal birth trauma. The national pooled prevalence of neonatal birth trauma was found to be high in Ethiopia. Instrumental delivery and large birth-weight were significantly associated with neonatal birth trauma in Ethiopia. Thus, it is better to give strong obstetric care during the use instrumental delivery.
The Requirement of Promulgation of Non-Legislative Acts in the 1983 Code of Canon Law
Authors: Dzierżon Ginter
Published: June 2024

In this study, the author reflects on the ratio legis of the necessity of promulgating certain non-legislative acts in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, such as general executory decrees (Can. 31 § 2) and authentic interpretation put forth in the form of law (Can. 16 § 2). By examining the opinions of canonists, the author shows that this reason is the public character of the act, in the sense of being intended for the general public. In his opinion, the occurrence of such solutions in the canonical legal order calls for a revision of the definition of promulgation, which, in his opinion, was determined by the principle set out in the decretal law “leges instituuntur, cum promulgantur” (X.1.3.4) and the considerations of pre-code canonists referring to it. The author considers the definition of promulgation developed by Javer Otaduy to be adequate for the systemic solutions: “promulgation is the act of a competent authority by which it makes public a legal text addressed to a certain community”.
Distinguishing Crimes against Morality and Freedom of Religion from Related Elements of Crimes in the Criminal Legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Bilash Oleksandr
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the issue related to the qualification and distinction of crimes against morality and freedom of religion from related crimes elements of in the criminal legislation of Ukraine. The Law on Criminal Liability (Criminal Code of Ukraine) contains a number of crimes that can be related to the crime provided for in Article 178 “Damage of religious buildings or houses of worship” and 179 “Illegal retention, desecration, or destruction of religious sanctities” of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, the ratio of adjacent elements of crimes should be distinguished from the competition of general and special norms. As part of the study, a detailed analysis of the signs established in the criminal law, in the presence of which a socially dangerous act is recognized as a crime against morality and religion in Ukrainian legislation, was conducted. By investigating objective and subjective signs, the author differentiates the elements of crimes provided for in Articles 178 and 179 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine from the elements of crimes provided for in Article 161 “Violation of equality of citizens depending on their race, nationality, regional affiliation, religious beliefs, disability, and other grounds”, 180 “Preclusion of religious ceremonies”, 297 “Violation of graves, any other burial place, or a corpse”, 298 “Illegal conduct of search works on the archaeological heritage site, devastation, destruction, or damage to cultural heritage sites” of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Postępowanie z odpadami z cmentarzy
Authors: Górski Marek
Published: June 2024

Regulacja prawna dotycząca postępowania z odpadami pochodzącymi z cmentarzy ma charakter bardzo ograniczony, zarówno w przepisach dotyczących zarządzania cmentarzami, jak i odnoszących się do postępowania z odpadami, budzi jednak wiele różnych wątpliwości. W praktyce odpady takie sprawiają spore problemy, ze względu na ich zróżnicowanie i zanieczyszczenie, także znaczną ilość, dodatkowo lawinowo wzrastającą w początkach listopada. Wątpliwości budzi także status prawny takich odpadów. W opracowaniu przyjęto, że w większości odpady z cmentarzy należy uznać za odpady komunalne, a postępowanie z nimi regulowane jest zwłaszcza przepisami szczególnymi, zawartymi w ustawie o utrzymaniu czystości w gminach z 1996 r. W związku z powyższym poddano analizie przepisy dotyczące zbierania takich odpadów, w szczególności selektywnego odbioru z cmentarza i późniejszego zagospodarowania, obowiązków z tym związanych obciążających podmioty zarządzające cmentarzami, gminy oraz podmioty odbierające odpady. Wskazano pewne luki i niejasności w obowiązujących regulacjach prawnych zagadnienia i sformułowano propozycje odpowiednich zmian przepisów.
„Humanizacja Algorytmów” – wprowadzenie
Authors: Gruchoła Małgorzata
Published: June 2024

Postęp techniczny uzurpuje sobie miano swoistego architekta humanizacji algorytmów i sztucznej inteligencji. Coraz częściej proponuje substytuty, którym rzeczywistość nie bardzo potrafi sprostać. Intensywny rozwój technologii AI, połączony z częstszym jej wykorzystywaniem, zmienia jej status i postrzeganie. Z wytworu człowieka – tj. narzędzia, przedmiotu – przyjmuje postać „podmiotu społecznego”. Technologie generatywne, chatboty, roboty społeczne zapraszając do interakcji, implikują namiastkę komunikacji, „humanizując” technologicznego interlokutora. Rozwój technologii informatycznych i generatywnych, implikując tworzenie coraz bardziej złożonych i samodzielnych algorytmów i robotów humanoidalnych, przyczynia się nie tylko do zmiany reakcji i postaw ludzi wobec nich, lecz także do przemiany samego procesu komunikacji. Przyznawanie ucieleśnionej sztucznej inteligencji autonomii działania oraz statusu podmiotu życia społecznego może prowadzić z jednej strony do dehumanizacji komunikacji, z drugiej zaś do humanizacji algorytmów, chatbotów i robotów.
Celem artykułu było wykazanie wpływu przypisywania cech osobowych algorytmom i sztucznej inteligencji – wytworom człowieka – na dehumanizację osoby ludzkiej i komunikacji. Artykuł ma charakter analityczno-opisowy.
University of Alberta fossil fish type catalogue update
Authors: Bruner John Clay
Published: June 2024

This list updates the fossil fish types deposited in the collections of the University of Alberta Laboratory for Vertebrate Palaeontology (UALVP). This collection contains 111 fish holotypes, 1073 fish paratypes, 62 casts of fish holotypes from other museums, and 31 casts of fish paratypes from other museums. The catalogue number, the latest classification, a short description of the material, the collector(s) of the holotype (if known), the type locality, the full citation including the pages on which it was described, tables, and listings of any figures are provided for each type specimen. As in Bruner's (2019) list, this includes unpublished “types” languishing in Ph.D. and M.Sc. theses, as these specimens are labeled in the collections as “types” on the museum labels and in the computer catalogue. Also, this type catalogue lists specimens incorrectly cited as holotypes and paratypes in the scientific literature, mistakes made in Bruner's (2019) listing, and type specimens on long term loan to the UALVP (Paleontology Collections (PAL) of the Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)).
Effects of Extracurricular Activities on Academic Performance of Secondary Students In Male
Authors: Ahmed Nasrulla , Hassan Visama , Saeed Khaulath
Published: June 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effects of extracurricular activities on academic performance of two selected secondary schools of Male. The study was carried out utilizing quantitative research design. The study attempted to find out whether there was any difference in academic performance between the students who spent more than five hours and less than five hours for extracurricular activities, whether there was any difference in academic performance between the students who participate and do not participate in extracurricular activities, whether there was any difference in academic performance between the students who participate in sport, pro-social activities and clubs and whether there was any difference in academic performance between female and male students who participate in extracurricular activities. This study's sample frame comprised all ninth-grade pupils. Two hundred and sixty-nine students from grade nine of both the schools made up the study group. Each student completed a questionnaire which gathered information about their participation in extracurricular activities. Using specific criteria students who were involved and those who do not involved were found. The differences between groups were analyzed statistically using Mann Whitney U test for the first, third and last research question and Kruskul test for the second research question. Results of data analyses indicated that no significant differences were found between the students who spent more than five hours‟ for extracurricular activities and those who spent less than five hours, between the students who participate in sport, pro-social activities, and clubs and between female and male students who participate in extracurricular activities. However, there was a significant difference in academic performance between the students who participate and who do not participate in extracurricular activities.
Evolution of the Approach towards Understanding the Escrow Agent Notion
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Law Faculty Named after M.M. Speransky of the Institute of Law and National Security, Kozhinova Marina Yu.
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of the approach to understanding the figure of the escrow agent according to philosophical ideas that dominated social thought during the origin and development of the institution of escrow. An escrow agent is a key element of the escrow institution. In this regard, it seems reasonable to first of all turn to the essence of this legal category. For this purpose, the author of the article provides a historical excursion into the period of development of the institution of escrow, analyzes key philosophical works of the corresponding period, and also concludes that the evolution of understanding the figure of an escrow agent as a particular example of an economic and legal category coincides with the evolution of philosophical ideas about the figure of an intermediary.
Residential Premises as the Object of a Commercial Lease Agreement
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil Law of the Russian State University of Justice, Rybina Natalya M.
Published: June 2024

The article studies the concept and features of residential premises in order to qualify the commercial lease agreement. The author, based on the analysis of current legislation and law enforcement practice, identifies the signs of residential premises, such as isolation, suitability and intended for living, and also concludes that the premises, including parts of the premises that do not meet these characteristics, the regime of residential premises does not apply, respectively, do not apply and the rules of the contract of commercial rent.
A Request for Legal Assistance: An Analysis of the Law Enforcement Practice
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Legal Regulation of National Security of the Law Faculty Named after M.M. Speransky of the Institute of Law and National, Iskandaryan Zhasmina A.
Published: June 2024

Request for legal assistance is one of the key tools of international cooperation of law enforcement agencies of many countries. The Russian Federation actively uses this mechanism in order to obtain the necessary information, to conduct certain procedural, investigative and operative-search actions within the framework of a criminal case, when it is not possible to carry out these or those actions on the territory of Russia (for example, the witness, suspect arrive in another country, property, documents and/or other objects of the material world, on which information is required, are in the possession and/or on the territory of another state). However, the issue under consideration has not been sufficiently studied in the doctrine of criminal procedural law, the empirical basis has not been investigated. The author analyses the law enforcement practice of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation, empirical data, identifies existing problems, errors and shortcomings in the work of specialists when sending requests for legal assistance, as well as points out the main reasons for refusals to execute requests, offering a number of developed recommendations based on international experience.
The Truth Concept in the Works by Russian Lawyers of the 19th Century
Authors:   Head of the Department of Theory of State and Law Named after G.V. Maltsev of the Law Faculty Named after M.M. Speransky, Lukyanova Elena G.
Published: June 2024

Through the category “truth” there is an integration into the Russian language of borrowed legal concepts, in particular, the concepts of law. An analysis of various interpretations of the content of the concept of “truth” at the beginning, in the first quarter and the second half of the 19th century shows the dynamics of socio-political relations and the development of public consciousness, including the development of legal thought. The concept of “truth” in a theoretical way is used to reveal the essence of law, in practical terms it serves as a means of limiting power in the interpretation and use of law for political purposes.
Evolution of the Entrepreneurial Activities Concept in the Russian Federation and the Need for Its Update
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the International Law Institute, Sokolov Aleksandr K.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the concept of “entrepreneurial activity”, which has received legislative recognition from the earliest sources to the present day. The views of some leading scientists on the characteristics of this activity are presented, and new doctrinal directions for the development of the concept are outlined.
On the Problem of Imbalance of Liability Risks and Remuneration of a Financial Receiver in Personal Insolvency (Bankruptcy) Cases
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist of the Department of Procedure Law of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Borisova Lilia V.
Published: June 2024

The article shows the problem of imbalance of high liability risks and the amount of remuneration of a financial receiver as a reason for refusal to get involved in personal bankruptcy cases. The author evaluates the explanation of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation that a citizen may be released of any debts if no candidate to the receiver position is submitted to court. The paper points out that such explanation can be used in exceptional cases only.
Tax Opportunism and the Concept of Taxpayer's Legal Interests: The Correlation of Categories and Law Enforcement Problems
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Legal Disciplines of the Graduate School of Public Audit (Faculty) of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Tikhanychev Anton P.
Published: June 2024

A choice of terms describing lawful and unlawful ways to diminish tax duties remains debatable. The author suggests to use ‘tax opportunism’ term, which was developed in economics, as the model of taxpayers’ behavior aimed at diminishing tax duties. The tax avoidance is the usage of state-provided tax benefits to pay taxes no more than what is established by law. The tax avoidance is described as the legitimate interest of corporate taxpayers due to aims of making profits and securing the property.
The Combination of Gardenia jasminoides, Boswellia serrata, Commiphora myrrha, Foeniculum vulgarae, and Daucus carota Essential Oil Blend Improved the Inflammatory and Clinical Status in Respiratory Tract Infection of COVID-19 Patients: A Multicentre, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Trial
Authors: Lestari Keri , Babikian Haig , Kulsum Iceu Dimas , Ferdian Ferdy , Ismail Efriadi , Sumalim Yelsen , Setiawan Setiawan , Santoso Prayudi , Hartantri Yovita , Arifin Arief Riadi , Meiliana Anna , Sormin Ida Paulina , Sugiono Erizal
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Essential oils (EO) are complex volatile, naturally synthesized compounds from aromatic plants. It considers as healthy, effective, and safe since they were coming from nature. Gardenia jasminoides, Boswellia serrata, Commiphora myrrha, Foeniculum vulgarae, and Daucus carota are known to have antimicrobials, antioxidants, antiinflammation properties against respiratory tract infection. However, despite its natural content, a safety profile needs to be observed. Therefore, in this study, EO blend (EOB) made from the combination of these 5 plants was assessed for its efficacy and safety for respiratory tract infection in human.METHODS: A multicentre, randomized, open-label, phase II controlled trial involving 80 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 was conducted. One group of subjects only received standard of care (SoC), while the other group receive SoC and EOB orally for 10 days.RESULTS: There were significant decrease in interleukin (IL)-6 level (p=0.016) and interferon (IFN)-γ level (p=0.012), as well as better respiratory rate (p=0.024) for the group receiving SoC and EOB compared to the group receiving SoC only. However, there was no significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and the corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation value in both groups. All subjects with adverse effects were improved and recovered, and there were no serious adverse events found.CONCLUSION: The combination of G. jasminoides, B. serrata, C. myrrha, F. vulgarae, and D. carota EOB could improve the inflammatory and clinical status and safe to be used as adjuvant therapy for treating COVID-19 in adults.KEYWORDS: essential oils, COVID-19, inflammation, safety
Serum DNase1, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 as Risk Factors for Lupus Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Manuaba Ida Ayu Ratih Wulansari , Suryana Ketut , Bakta I Made , Sudarmaja I Made
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Early detection and management of lupus nephritis (LN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are essential to prevent irreversible kidney damage and improve patient outcomes; therefore, identifying reliable biomarkers to predict LN is paramount. However, there are still relatively few studies examining the potential biomarkers for LN in SLE patients. This study was conducted to investigate serum deoxyribonuclease I (DNase), soluble tumor necrosing factor 1 (sTNFR1) and soluble tumor necrosing factor 2 (sTNFR2) as a risk factor for LN in SLE patients.METHODS: A case-control study involving SLE patients aged 20-60 years was conducted. Blood was withdrawn from each subject for the measurement of serum level of DNase1, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 that was performed using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. Data was then analyzed using Chi-Square test and logistic regression tests.RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with LN and 22 without LN were included. The cut-off value for DNase1, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were 5.05 ng/mL, 6.52 ng/mL, and 7.02 ng/mL, respectively. The risk factors of LN in SLE patients were the low level of serum DNase1 (aOR=6.64; 95%CI: 1.25-35.29; p=0.026), low level of serum sTNFR1 (aOR=8.12; 95% CI: 1.56-42.10; p=0.013), and low level of serum sTNFR2 (aOR=5.57; 95%CI: 1.03-30.11; p=0.046).CONCLUSION: Serum DNase1 lower than 5.05 ng/mL, sTNFR1 lower than 6.52 ng/mL, and sTNFR2 lower than 7.02 ng/mL were risk factors for lupus nephritis in SLE patients. Hence, serum DNase1, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 could be used as risk factors predictors for LN in SLE patients.KEYWORDS: DNase1, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, SLE, lupus nephritis
La importancia estratégica de las disputas territoriales del Estado chino en el mar de China Meridional: un enfoque geopolítico desde el realismo neoclásico
Authors: Vidal Pérez Esteban
Published: June 2024

Este artículo analiza la relación entre los factores geopolíticos y la importancia estra­tégica de las disputas territoriales del Estado chino en el mar de China Meridional. El estudio examina esta relación a través de la influencia de los factores geopolíticos en la configuración de la estrategia nacional china. Para hacerlo recurre al realismo neo­clásico abordando las interacciones entre las presiones externas y las variables intervi­nientes del nivel de la unidad. De esta ma­nera analiza cómo los factores geopolíticos moldearon la percepción de la realidad de los líderes chinos y su impacto en la inter­pretación de ciertos eventos, como la crisis del estrecho de Taiwán de 1995 y la entrada en vigor de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar. El estudio sostiene que estos eventos fueron considera­dos una amenaza para China y contribuye­ron a configurar la estrategia nacional en un sentido marítimo. En consecuencia, China desarrolló su poder naval para controlar el mar de China meridional y establecer su esfera de influencia con el fin de convertir­se en potencia regional hegemónica. Todo esto significó el aumento de su presencia y asertividad en la región, lo que demuestra la importancia de sus disputas territoriales en esta área.
Prólogo. Desafíos de la visualidad ante la iconósfera actual
Authors: Niedermaier Alejandra
Published: June 2024

Este cuaderno, integrante de la Línea de Investigación Giros y Perspectivas Visuales, trata de mirar muy de cerca las imágenes que forman parte de nuestra cultura a partir del giro visual que estamos presenciando.
Mujeres, una visión sobre la construcción discursiva feminista en zonas rurales entre 2020 y 2023
Authors: Betancourt Ruiz Maria Ximena , Dotor Robayo Angela Liliana
Published: June 2024

En este artículo se expone la investigación de carácter hermenéutico sobre la identidad, la imagen y la construcción discursiva de las mujeres y los roles femeninos en el espacio rural de Granada Meta en Colombia, de manera específica, en el marco de una zona de riqueza cultural y al mismo tiempo marcada por el conflicto.
Ninfa Turista. A imagem fantasma e a repetição do modelo
Authors: D’Angelo Biagio , Macini Tiago
Published: June 2024

Dentre as Pathosformeln estudadas por Aby Warburg, uma, em particular, ganhou sua máxima atenção: a ninfa.