bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On-Machine Profile Measuring System for Grinding Surface of Aspheric Lens
Authors: Lei Xiang Yang , Huang Hao , Yang Feng , Chen Xian Hua , Xu Qiao
Published: November 2010

In this paper, an on-machine profile measuring system for aspheric ground surface was presented, which involved data processing with improved two-dimensional weighted mean filtering and free form surface fitting. To verify the reliability of this system, a calibration experiment was done by comparing the measuring results of Ф320mm mirror between the WYKO 24 inch interferometer and the on-machine measuring system. The experiment results show that the on-machine measurement is effective and it can provide foundation for compensation machining. By comparing the measurement experiment results of the Keyence LC2430 with the WYKO interferometer, it is demonstrated that the deviation of PV is better than 0.23μm and the deviation of RMS better than 0.08μm.
Investigation of the Flow and Heat Transfer around Cylinders at Low Re
Authors: Yue Lei , Zhang Zhi Guo , Feng Da Kui , Mudaliar Ashvinikumar V.
Published: November 2010

2-D computational analyses were conducted for unsteady viscous flow and heat transfer across cylinders of different geometries and different incident angle. Circular, square (both at 0° and 90° angles of incidence) and elliptic cylinders were examined. The calculations were performed by solving the unsteady 2-D Navier-Stokes equations at Re = 100. The calculated results produce drag and lift coefficients, as well as Strouhal number in excellent agreement with published data. Calculations for unsteady, incompressible 2-D flow around a square cylinder at incidence angle of 0° and 45° and for Reynolds number = 100 were carried out. Cycle independence and grid independence results were obtained for the Strouhal number. The results were in excellent agreement with the available experimental and numerical results. Numerical results show that the Strouhal number increases with fluid angle of incidence on the cylinder. The wake behind the cylinder is wider and more violent for a square cylinder at 45° incidence compared to a square at 0° this is due to the increase in the characteristic length in the flow direction. The present studywas carried out for a 2-D single cylinder at fixed location inside a channel for unidirectional velocity. To get more accurate results computation on 3-D geometry should be carried out.
The Effects of Cutting Speed on Continuous Miner Cutting Performance
Authors: Cao Yan Li , Li Xiao Huo , Chao Cai Xia
Published: November 2010

In order to study the effects of cutting speed on a continuous miner cutting performance, set up the equations of Cantilever’s swing speed, draw graph of chips in different swing speed and rotate speed, analysis the effects of them on continuous miner cutting performance. In order to reduce the fluctuation of cutting speed and get large lump coal rate , reduce the rotate speed of drum and swing speed of cantilever as far as possible, and reduce the maximum swing angle.
Shakedown Analysis of Cylindrical Shells Containing Part-Through External Pit
Authors: Wang Xian Feng , Xing Feng , Xue Ming De , Xu Bing Ye
Published: November 2010

A lower-bound shakedown analysis for cylindrical shells containing defects is performed based on the static shakedown theorem in a finite element computational form. To overcome the numerical difficulties, the pseudo-temperature field is applied to a structure and the resulting thermo-elastic stress is considered as the self-equilibrium residual-stress field. The pseudo temperature is assumed as a harmonic function satisfying the uniqueness theorem, therefore the nodal temperature matrix of the whole structure can be expressed by the boundary nodal temperature matrix. The nonlinear yield condition is piece-wise linearized so that the shakedown analysis is transformed into a linear programming problem in which the strategic variable is boundary nodal temperature and objective variable is the loading multiplier. The relations of limit and shakedown pressures to geometric parameters of various defects are presented.
Design with Caring for Humanity about Comprehensive Training Bed for Medical Rehabilitation
Authors: Ma Yu
Published: November 2010

Based on the analysis and research about comprehensive training bed for medical rehabilitation, the design method of the training bed is obtained. The analysis of humanized design and practice for the bed are presented, the design of the bed need to consider the physiological and psychological needs of users in order to create a comfortable space and relieve their physical and psychological pain as can as possible. The bed should not only fit physiological needs of the user but also to meet the spiritual needs. So the rational functions and humanized design of the comprehensive training bed should combine to reflect the caring for humanity to the disadvantaged groups.
Using Taguchi Method in Fabricating of MWCNT/Natural Rubber Vibration Isolator
Authors: Wu Der Ho , Tsai Hsun Heng
Published: November 2010

This article is to apply Taguchi method to optimize the process parameters for MWCNT/Natural rubber composite as vibration isolator. The objectives of well-known Taguchi method for robust parameter design are to find out the best combination of design parameters and reduce the variation for quality from minimum number of experiments, and thereby optimize the quality of products. This paper investigates the effect of control parameters, such as, wt. % of carbon nanotube, sonicating method, and the time of sonication, which is related to the force reduction in transmissibility of vibration isolator under various fabricating conditions. It has been found that MWCNT/NR isolator fabricated by this methodology can obtain a higher damping ratio and better vibration isolation compared to pure natural rubber isolator. Therefore, the presented MWCNT/NR composite can be considered a substitute for rubber vibration isolator.
The Reconstruction of Heat Flux in Moving Boundary in 1-Dimensional Heat Conduction
Authors: Zhang Xue Yan , Huang Feng
Published: November 2010

Consider the reconstruction problem for the heat flux in moving boundary in heat conduction.By introducing a density function for potential method, this problem is essentially converted into solving an integral equation of the first kind with respect to the density function,which can be solved by the Tikhonov regularizing method. Model function method is used to determine the regularizing parameter. Numerical results are presented to support our inversion schemes.
A Study on Magnesium Alloy Substitution Design and Analysis for Automotive Seat Back Frame
Authors: Gao Yun Kai , Gao Da Wei , Gao Yu Hang
Published: November 2010

A magnesium alloy substitution design for an automotive seat back frame is carried out. With the magnesium extrusion profiles and the stamping panel integrated, the weight of the seat back frame is reduced by 41.3% and the lightweight goal is achieved. At the same time, the magnesium alloy stamping panel is processed warm forming analysis and verified the formability of the magnesium alloy panel. Numerical calculations comparing the original structure and the substitution design are performed with finite element software, which ensured that the performance indicators such as the mode, the strength and the stiffness defined by related regulatory requirements are all realized. At last, a magnesium alloy substitution design has been proved to be successful.
Isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 from the Spontaneous Fermentation Pear Wine and Study of the Yeast Growth Dynamics during the Association Fermentation
Authors: Zhang Da Wei , Dong Wenbin , Jin Lei , Zhang Jie , Jin Yuan Chang
Published: November 2010

Five preponderant yeast strains (YDJ01, YDJ02, YDJ03, YDJ04 and YDJ05) were isolated from the spontaneous fermentation pear wine as source of yeast for wine making from pear. Ethanol yield of YDJ05 was the highest and its using rapidity of the sugar was the most quickly. YDJ05 was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and named Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05. In addition, the fermentation dynamics of three yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05, “Angle” yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIM2.39) were studied including single fermentation and associated fermentation. The fermentative behavior of three strains changed in association fermentations (Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and “Angle” yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIM2.39). Results indicated that the qualities of pear wines made from association fermentations were better than that of single fermentations. The pear wine fermented associated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIM2.39 was the best in quality by sensory evaluation among all pear wines whose ethanol concentration was 10.3% (v/v). Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDJ05 and mai could be excellent potential source of strains.
Study on Photoelectrocatalytic of Three-Dimensional Electrode Using TiO2 Coatings Particle Electrode
Authors: Su Hui Dong , Du Hong Lei
Published: November 2010

Titanium oxide coatings(TiO2/Ti) were formed on the titanium surface by micro-arc oxidation(MAO) in Na3PO4 solution.Using the TiO2/Ti as anod electrode, the titanium as counter electrode.Coated activated carbon(TiO2/AC) that prepared by sol-gel dipcoating method ,and activated carbon mixture as particle electrode,combining with the UV lamp and regulated power supply make up the three-dimensional electrode photoelectrocatalysis system. The photoelectrocatalysis system use Na2SO4 aqueous solution as supporting electrolyte.The photoelectrocatalytic ability of titanium oxide coatings were evaluated by photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methylthionine chloride aqueous solution.The experiment demonstrate that there was photoelectrocatalytic degradation of single TiO2/Ti film or only adsorbtion, the photoelectrocatalysis of three-dimensional electrode with particle electrode have the synergistic effect,which can improve the degradation of methylene blue aqueous solution.The influence of some factors was studied,including initial solution,cell voltage, electrolyte concentration and some other factors.When the methylthionine chloride concentration of 5mg/L, cell voltage of 8V, electrolyte concentration of 0.04M. The three-dimensional electrode photoelectrocatalysis degradation of methylene blue compare to traditional two-dimensional plate electrodes which without particle electrode increase 40.36% after 3 hours photoelectrocatalysis.
Virtual Mechanical Equipment Model Smoothing
Authors: Wang Xiao Ling , Zhao Hui
Published: November 2010

We present a system to remove noise or smooth three dimensional (3D) virtual mechanical equipment models. Our system works not in well-known Euclidean space, but in Laplacian space [1, 2]. We transform the model from its global representation into the local representation. Then we manipulate the local property with the Laplacian Coordinates [1]. Our whole system can be modeled as a huge sparse linear system which can be solved very fast by state-of-art numerical solver [3].
Augmented Product Modeling Technique in New Product Development
Authors: An Jun , Fan Jin Song , Hua Rui , Feng Da Peng
Published: November 2010

Product modeling or prototype is an important part of new product development. After comparing the characteristics of physical model, digital prototype, and virtual prototype in new development product design, we propose to build augmented products model based on Augmented Reality technology. It has the characteristics of real-time interactivity, short production cycles, real feeling as physical prototype, and small equipment investment. Two model construction techniques are highlighted in the system developed by ARToolKit used as a development platform in the construction of augmented model. One is a direct construction technique based on OpenGL, and the other is an indirect construction technique based on 3D software and OpenGL,the virtual model is integrated into real scene in ARToolKit. Finally, implementations for the two methods are described in detail and examples are given, which indicates that the proposed augmented product modeling technique is practicable and feasible .
Effect of Micro Pits Topography on the Platelets Adhesion on 316L Stainless Steel Surface
Authors: Tang Guang Ze , Wang Yu Jiang , Guo Guang Wei , Ma Xin Xin , Wang Li Qin
Published: November 2010

In this paper, the micro pits were fabricated on 316L stainless steel surface, and the influence of pits topography on the platelets adhesion was investigated. For initial steel, large platelets agglomeration and long pseudopodia are observed. It is found that the pits on stainless steel surface can effectively prevent pseudopodia spreading; as a result the aggregation of platelets is fully restrained. The resistance of platelets adhesion increase with the coverage rate of pits area () on total steel surface.
Numerical Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Supercritical Water in Enhanced Sub-Channels in Reactors
Authors: Wang Wei Shu , Zhang Hong Sheng , Bi Qin Cheng , Liu Jun
Published: November 2010

The characteristics of heat transfer enhancement and deterioration in supercritical water reactor core is essential to the reactor efficiency and security. At present, there exists deficiency in the study of core enhanced channels. Two different fins arrangements of the enhanced channels are designed in present paper, which are long-strip fins and equal-distance short fins. At the conditions of the supercritical pressure of 25MPa, the inlet temperature of 350°C and different inlet velocities, the heat transfer enhancement and deterioration characteristics of water flowing in the two different fins arrangements of the enhanced channels were studied and comparatively analyzed. The results show that the heat transfer is enhanced in the channels with fins. The heat transfer enhancement is better in the channel with equal-distance short fins when lower input velocity, better in the channel with long-strip fins when high input velocity. The surface heat transfer coefficients increase with the velocity increases; the surface heat transfer coefficients in equal-distance short fins is two to three times than that in the channel without fins. There exists heat transfer deterioration when the input velocity is lower in the channel without fins and with long-strip fins, no deterioration occurs in the channel with equal-distance short fins. The channel with equal-distance short fins is a relatively reasonable of the three channels.
Representation Method and Degree Selection of Class A Surfaces for Auto-Body
Authors: Xu Jia Chuan , Gao Shang Peng , Yin Yong Fu
Published: November 2010

To represent curves and surfaces unified, many commercial soft-wares adopt non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) as the method. The NURBS method includes Bézier, B-spline and so forth. In surfaces smoothing Class A surfaces of auto-body are a kind of surfaces that have high desire. While different representing methods can fit curves and surfaces with prodigiously different qualities and efficiency. So the representing methods and degree selection of curves and surfaces for auto-body are fundamental issues that auto-body engineers must be solved. Based on analyzing the character of Bézier and B-spline representing methods, Bézier method is adopted to represent Class A surfaces of auto-body according to the desire of auto-body surfaces. At the same time, the degree of curves and surfaces for auto-body is limited between 2nd-7th according to the oscillation of high degree curves and surfaces and continuity desire. The example verified that the Bézier method can improve the quality and efficiency.
Effect of Ignition Advance Angle on Liquid Phase LPG Injection Engine Performance
Authors: Li Xi Qin , Song De Yu , Liu Bing , Li Qiang
Published: November 2010

: In order to investigate the effect of ignition advance angle and LPG injecting methods on an LPG engine performance, three methods of injecting LPG were tested on an LPG engine. The injection methods were gaseous phase LPG injection at intake port, liquid phase LPG injection at intake port, and liquid phase LPG in-cylinder direct injection. The maximum torque developed with liquid phase LPG engine direct injection, was 12.6% higher than gaseous phase LPG injection at inlet port. The ignition advance angle clearly affected LPG engine torque and emissions. The optimum ignition advance angle for LPG engine torque was about 26º CA. The LPG engine emitted many HC and CO emissions when the ignition advance angle increased greatly.
Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Urban Traffic Intersection Control Based on Data Fusion
Authors: Deng Wen , Jia Li Min , Dong Hong Hui
Published: November 2010

A new multi-objective optimization control strategy for urban intersection is proposed, which takes the degree of smooth and the degree of equilibrium as objectives. The new method is not limited to the traditional basic traffic parameters, such as delay and queue length.etc, but Applying data fusion technology, by multiple integrating on the basic traffic parameters, the real-time multi-objective values are achieved. The degree of the smooth quantitatively denotes the forced travel time extension because of traffic signal control, saturated traffic flow.ect. The degree of equilibrium denotes the equilibrium degree of traffic flow in space. Illustrating an intersection in Beijing, a simulation model in Paramics is built. The simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective control methods can not only reduce the traffic flow delay, but also makes traffic flow distributing equilibrium in each phase of intersection. This approach is consistent with Chinese saturated traffic flow characteristics.
Evolutionary Design Optimization on Automated Mechanical Transmission of Automobile
Authors: Ding Ji Bin
Published: November 2010

Automotive transmission is one of the key components of automotive, and the design quality of transmission can affect the driving performance, fuel consumption and serve life of vehicle greatly, therefore it is very important to design planetary transmission of vehicle. Genetic algorithm can seek parallelized different regions of the whole parameter space in the progress of its replacement, and make a progress towards being possible to find optimum global solution. The planetary transmission is designed by the minimum volume of objective optimization, and considering loading property and material quality, the constraints are set up. Combination of genetic algorithm and SQP is adopted to solve optimization model. So the AMT have a more compact structure. and vehicle passing performance can be improved and vehicle equipment mass be reduced.
Reliability-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for Centrifugal Compressor Using the Fourth Moment Method
Authors: Zhang Yi Shang , Zhao Bin , Liu Yong Shou , Yue Zhu Feng
Published: November 2010

A reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization (RBMDO) frame work for Centrifugal compressor was presented. Multidisciplinary feasible method was used to decouple the multidisciplinary analysis and the fourth moment method for reliability analysis was recommended systematically. Based on the approximation, the RBMDO framework was finished. The case study shows that optimization efforts could improve obviously the performance of centrifugal compressor under the requirements of reliability. This framework could make the design reach the best performance with a good reliability. It indicates that the proposed optimization method is available and feasible for the engineering application.
Research on a New Type of Metal Composite Material in Hot Forming and its Application
Authors: Ma Ning , Hu Ping , Zhang Zong Hua
Published: November 2010

A new type of metal composite material can be manufactured by controlling heating temperature and designing the layout of cooling pipes in hot forming process of ultra high strength steel. The yield strength of this type of metal material varies from 380 MPa to 1000 MPa continuously, and its strength limitation varies from 480 MPa to 1600 MPa continuously. In this new hot forming technology, boron steel named as 22MnB5 is stamped by one-step process of hot forming to obtain the metal composite material and manufacture the part consisting of the metal composite at the same time. The hot forming technology of U-shaped part consisting of the metal composite material is provided. Then the microstructure of the U-shaped metal composite material is analyzed and the tensile test is also implemented. The experimental results show the material properties have the characteristics of continuous distribution along the main direction of energy absorption during crash process, which indicates the feasibility of hot forming technology of the metal composite material. The top-hat thin-wall structure consisting of U-shaped metal composite material is employed to analyze the crashworthiness of the new type of metal composite material. By distributing the single phase material of U-shaped composite part properly, the energy absorption ability is increased by 58.7% and the crash force is decreased by 23.4%, which indicate the new type of metal composite material has the comprehensive performance of every single phase material. So the metal composite is a good alternative material in application of crash resistance.
Analysis of Frictional Noise for Water Lubricated Rubber Bearings System
Authors: Zhou Yi , Li Gong Xun , Wang Jia Xu
Published: November 2010

A finite element model of a water lubricated rubber bearings system is established by using ABAQUS software. A complex eigenvalue analysis of the bearings system is performed. The occurrence propensity of noise is evaluated on the basis of positive and negative of the real parts of eigenvalues. If there are one or more positive real parts, the system is considered to have the propensity of noise occurrence. In the ABAQUS approach, the direct contact coupling at the shaft/bearing interface is applied to obtaining normal contact forces and there is no need to introduce contact springs at the interface. The approach is easily used to establish a non-flat sliding contact model for noise. By using the ABAQUS finite element model, effects of the friction coefficient, the properties of rubber material and the thickness of rubber are studied. The results show that the friction coefficient, the properties of rubber material and the thickness of rubber have distinct effects on the occurrence of noise.
Finite Element Analysis for Tooth Profile Modification of Gear-Box of Tracklayer
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Ji Sheng , Deng Hui Yong , Liu Hai Ping
Published: November 2010

The quasi-static contact finite element analysis of meshing gear of gear-box is computed by using MSC.Marc software, then transmission error and surface contact stress of meshing gear are computed in different tooth profile modification methods. Due to the large load fluctuation of tracklayer, the target of tooth profile modification is suggested, which is to minimize the peak value of tooth contact stress to the full, and not to increase the transmission error fluctuation of gear system.
Robust Tolerance Design of Automotive Body Product with Game Theory
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Jin Sun , Lai Xin Min
Published: November 2010

Robust tolerance design is an effective way to reduce the production risk. Traditionally, manufacturing cost and product quality are considered to be the optimization objectives. Designers often adopt the single-objective optimization or establish a comprehensive evaluating function combining several optimization objectives with different weights. It may not be desirable as it is difficult to identify the weights and balance the conflicting demands reasonably. This paper presents a kind of game approach to solve the robust tolerance design problem for automotive body products. Instead of designing specific objective functions, some measuring data in the manufacturing process are collected, and a robust game model considering the cost and the quality demand is established by transforming the part and the product information into relevant game components. The Nash bargaining method (NBM) of game theory is adopted to attain a balanced solution. It calls on two players in a game to start negotiation from a reference vector and achieve a trade-off vector as far as possible from the worse situation. Finally, an example of vehicle fender demonstrates the application and the performance of this method.
A New Experimental Approach for Determination the Effect of Tool Flank Wear Length on Cutting Temperature Distributions
Authors: Yan Lin , Yang Wen Yu , Jin Hong Ping
Published: November 2010

This paper gives a new experimental approach for determination the effect of tool flank wear length on workpiece surface cutting temperature distributions. Three different tool flank wear lengths 0.3, 0.5, 1mm were given by wire cutting, which were much more useful to study the effect of tool flank wear lengths on machined workpiece surface. VarioCAM high resolution head was used to measure the cutting zone temperature distribution, and for protecting the camera lens two pieces of silicon with a thickness of 0.5 mm were put ahead of the camera.
Synthesis of a Photochromic Diarylethene Having Thiazole and a Pyridyl Group for Optical Recording
Authors: Li Hui , Xia Yong Liang , Pu Shou Zhi , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: November 2010

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene namly 1-(2,4-dimethyl-5- thiazolyl)-2- [(2-methyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-3-thienyl)]perfluorocyclopentene was synthesized, and its photochromic and fluorescent properties were also investigated. The compound exhibited good photochromism both in solution and in PMMA film. In PMMA film, The open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1 exhibited relatively strong fluorescence at 427 nm when excited at 320 nm. The fluorescence intensity declined along with the photochromism upon irradiation with 297 nm light. Using this dithienylethene 1b as optical storage was performed successfully.
A New Unsymmetrical Diarylethene for Reversible Holographic Recording
Authors: Yan Pei Jian , Tong Zhi Peng , Pu Shou Zhi , Liu Wei Jun
Published: November 2010

A novel photochromic diarylethene, 1-(2-ethyl-benzothiophen-3-yl)-2-(2-methyl-5-(2-cyanophenyl)thien-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene(1o) was synthesized, and its photochromic and fluorescent properties were investigated. This compound exhibited reversible photochromism, changing from colorless to purle after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) amorphous film. Also, it exhibited remarkable fluorescence switching in the solid state. When we used diarylethene 1c/PMMA film as recording medium, rewritable holographic optical storage was performed successfully. The results demonstrated that the diarylethene compound had attractive properties for polarization holographic optical recording, such as high photosensitivity, high spatial resolution, excellent fatigue-resistance.
Synthesis, Photochromism and Optical Storage of a Novel Unsymmetrical Diarylethene Compound
Authors: Wang Tao Feng , Liu Zhi Gang , Pu Shou Zhi , Liu Gang
Published: November 2010

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-[2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl]-2-[3,5-difluorophenyl]perfluoroyclopentene (1a) was synthesized, its photochromic, fluorescent and optical strorage properties were examined, the result indicated that the diarylethene 1a changed the color from colorless to purple upon irradiation with 313 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 542nm and 556nm in hexane and PMMA film, respectively. This new photochromic system exhibited remarkable fluorescence intensity and clear fluorescent switches by photoirradiation in PMMA film. The results showed that the cyclization/cycloreversion process of the compound was determined to be the zeroth/first order reaction. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical storage character.
Effect of Organic Loading Rate on Fermentative Hydrogen Production in CSTR
Authors: Gao Shuang , Wang Bing , Zhu Lei Lei , Han Wei , Chen Hong , Li Yong Feng
Published: November 2010

This study investigated the impact of five organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 16 kg COD/m3-d to 32 kg COD/m3-d on the performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for biological hydrogen production, with molasses as substrate. Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) was kept at 6 hours and the temperature 35°C. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) varied from -328 mV to -419 mV. The ethanol-type fermentation has been conducted during the process. A positive statistical correlation was observed between OLR and biogas yield; however, it became negative for the OLR of 32 kg COD/m3-d (Fig1). The system maintained the highest average biogas and hydrogen yield of 14.66 L/d and 5.17 L/d at OLR of 28 kg COD/m3-d. Compared with the first stage (16 kg COD/m3-d), ethanol and butyric concentration of the last stage (32 kg COD/m3-d) increased about 2.01 and 3.79 times, respectively; Acetic acid concentration surged around 200 mg/L; Prop ionic acid concentration dropped slightly; Valeric acid concentration, which took a small portion in the volatile fatty acid (VFA), kept low. When OLR was kept at 28 kg COD/m3-d, the average ethanol to acetic acid ratio is 3.90.Thus proved that the optimal OLR for hydrogen production under experimental condition is 28 kg COD/m3-d.
Research Finite Element Method Mesh Generation Based on Material-Discontinuous-Nature
Authors: Hu Jiang Chun , Wang Hong Fang , He Man Chao
Published: November 2010

It is a key step of finite element method analysis to generate engineering structure mesh. The continuous conceptual model of discontinuous substance is studied. How to select similar-continuous micro-particle size is researched. The continuous conceptual model of soil body and the continuous conceptual method of geotechnical engineering are approached based on the deep mixing pile composite foundation. The results show that finite element method mesh generation based on material-continuous-nature need to more consider, and the minimum of the element size is those of similar-continuous micro-particle and the maximum is limited by the scope of geotechnical engineering project. While the material continuous nature is considered, the continuum theory would be satisfied to simulate engineering structure with finite element method.
Effect of Anode with Pretreatment on the Electricity Generation of a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Tang Yu Lan , Bi Xiao Wei , Sun Hong , Fu Jin Xiang , Peng Man , Zou Hui Fen
Published: November 2010

Electricity can be generated during the wastewater treatment by microbial fuel cell (MFC). Effect of the anode pretreatment method, anode modification and electronic media in anolyte on electricity generation of a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) with an air cathode was investigated by performance measurement of the MFC during one cycle of generating electricity. Results show that the discharge time of MFCs with stainless steel anode pretreated by NH4Cl and HCl is longer than that with anode pretreated by the distilled water and NaOH; the performance of MFC with anode pretreated by NH4Cl is the best; comparison with stainless steel anode and adhere activated carbon, the current of MFC with the stainless steel anode adhere the carbon fiber is the maximum and its Coulombic efficiency is the highest; The electricity generation characteristics of the MFC with the anode adhered carbon fiber and pretreated by NH4Cl and the anolyte added the electronic media is the best. The action of the electronic medium and the NH4Cl on the MFC is synergism. It's of great significance that the research results improve the performance of MFC by anode pretreatment.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Technique of Proanthocyanidin from Peanut Skin
Authors: Liu Zhi Qiang , Yang Qing Li , Zhang Chu Shu , Sun Jie , Zhang Yan , Wang Shi Qing
Published: November 2010

Orthogonal test method was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of proanthocyanidin from peanut skin. On the basis of single factor test, the influencing factors of extraction power, temperature, time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentrationultrasonic frequencies were determined by orthogonal test method with five factors and four levels in the ultrasonic frequency of 28 KHz. The results of the orthogonal test showed , the effects of five factors on ultrasonic extraction of proanthocyanidin from peanut skin were listed in the order of importance as: solid-liquid radio > ultrasonic power > time > temperature > ethanol, the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: ultrasonic output power 120W , extraction temperature 35°C, extraction time 5 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:24, ethanol concentration 55%.Under the optimum extraction, the extraction rate of proanthocyanidin was 12.1%.
Study of Manufacture Process and Properties of Tailings and Slag Based Geopolymers
Authors: Niu Fu Sheng , Zhou Shan Shan , Liu Shu Xian , Zhang Jin Xia
Published: November 2010

The tailings and slag based geopolymers was prepared by sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide alkali-activated tailings and slag. The compressive strength in 7 d under different raw material proportion were tested. The result indicated that tailings and slag based geopolymers has high compressive strength . As the tailings in slag is 80%, the compressive strength in 7d can reach 45.10 MPa . As the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio is 0.5, the compressive strength in 7d can reach 63.79 MPa. As the NaOH and sodium silicate concentration in the solution is 35%, the compressive strength in 7d can reach 38.35 MPa respectively; As the curing period is 14 d , the compressive strength can reach 71.25 MPa. As the steel scoria in solid is 20%, the compressive strength in 7d can reach 61.86 MPa respectively.
Framework Design for Eco-Industrial Park's Waste Management System
Authors: Zhu Li , Cui Zhao Jie , Zhou Jian Ren
Published: November 2010

This study proposes a framework design for eco-industrial park’s waste management system including functional orientation of the system and flow chart of the waste exchange in an EIP. The core function of the waste management system is waste exchange. Also, other functions of the park management are contained in the system such as technological exchange, product trading etc. A flow chart of the waste exchange has been designed in detail. Waste source account including six procedures is the key to achieve waste exchange. To identify the realness of reported data by computer system, we calculate materials balance and emission coefficient in this study. The whole waste exchange management by internet includes ten steps. After completion of the on-line processing, the wastes can be transported to the user.
Studies on the Preparation and the Process Optimization of PANI Composited Conductive Fabric
Authors: Di Jian Feng , Tang Jun Yun
Published: November 2010

The relationships between the PANI content and the surface resistance of PANI composited conductive fabric were established by the design of quadratic general rotation combination. In the experiments, the five major process parameters such as concentration of hydrochloric acid, ammonium persulfate, oxidation time, the power and the time of ultrasonic immersion, were taken into account as the independent variables, then the regression equations were established. The PANI content and the surface resistance of conductive fabric in response to values, which is validated with experiment, the result proved that a high degree of the curves fitting mathematical model for which is found. These equations were employed to study the relation between the five process parameters and the PANI content and the surface resistance of the conductive fabric. In order to prepare a good conductivity of conductive fabric with minimum surface resistance, the five main process parameters were optimized, and obtained the optimum conditions with concentration HCI at 1.3 mol • L-1, concentration of APS at 0.02 g • mL-1, oxidation reaction time at 90min, ultrasonic immersion power at 0.5 W • cm-2 and ultrasonic immersion time at 100 min.
Research for Fabric Regional Expansion Arranged by Tight and Loose Weaves
Authors: Chen Si Xia , Sui Jian Hua , Mo Jing Yu , Liu Li Fang
Published: November 2010

This article discusses the regional expansion problem of square check fabric. And an evaluating indicator is established for evaluating the regional expansion in fabric. All the square check fabrics tested in this paper consist of two different tightness weaves: one is loose weave and the other is tight weave. Firstly, prepare samples. The samples are weaved by using different kinds of ratio of loose weave to tight weave -i, weft density- Pw and grid width-b. Secondly, test the samples’ degree of expansion-X, and then calculate the expansion coefficient. Lastly, establish i-Y, Pw-Y and b-Y curve. The results show that, the expansion coefficient of the square fabric is increased with the increase of i; and increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of Pw ; but the change of the expansion coefficient of the square fabric is not obvious with the increase of b.
Study of the Removal of Boron from Metallurgical Grade Silicon by Oxidation Slagging Method
Authors: Hu Yu Yan , Lu Dong Liang , Lin Tao , Liu Yu , Wang Bo , Guo Chang Juan , Sun Yan Hui , Chen Hong Yu , Li Qian Shu
Published: November 2010

Refining of solar grade silicon by metallurgical method is the research hotspot of polycrystalline field. Slagging method is benefit to the removal of the impurities especially to boron exsisted in the raw silicon. In this study, the influence of the density, the viscosity and liquidus temperature of the slag components on the refining process were discussed, and then the slag system SiO2-Na2CO3 was choosed as the slagging agents. And then the impact factors on the removal efficiency of boron such as the composition of SiO2 and Na2CO3, the ratio of slag to silicon and the refining time were investigated by the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum parameters of the oxidation refining for removing boron were as follows: the main composition of the oxidant is “SiO2 : Na2CO3 = 60% : 40%”; the slag/silicon ratio is 0.5; time for refining is 60min at 1550 . The results indicated that the removal efficiency of boron was 88.28%, and the content of boron in MG-Si can be reduced to 7ppmw under the best refining process¬.
Competitive Adsorption of Lead, Copper and Zinc Ions on Polymeric Al/Fe Modified Clinoptilolite
Authors: Wang Hong Yu , Huang Hui Fei
Published: November 2010

The individual and competitive adsorption capacities of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ on clinoptilolite and polymeric Al/Fe modified clinoptilolite were studied. In single systems, adsorption capacity of Pb2+ exceeded that of Cu2+ and Zn2+, and the adsorption capacities of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ by polymeric Al/Fe modified clinoptilolite were greater than clinoptilolite. In binary isometric competition adsorption, adsorption capacities of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ by clinoptilolite and polymeric Al/Fe modified clinoptilolite decreased compared with single systems. In binary non -isometric competition adsorption, adsorption of Zn2+ from solutions containing a fixed Zn2+ concentration was severely depressed (34%, 26% by clinoptilolite and polymeric Al/Fe (PAFC) modified clinoptilolite, respectively) by increasing the concentration of Cu2+ in the solution, but inverting the roles of Cu2+ and Zn2+ caused only a relatively minor reduction in adsorption of Cu2+. What,s more in other non-equal competition binary systems, the effect of metal adsorption was little. In general, the strength of adsorption followed the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ and the order of PAFC modified clinoptilolite > clinoptilolite.
Reuse of Municipal Wastewater Sludge for Construction Material
Authors: Jiang Deng Ling , Ni Guo Wei , Ma Guan Yi
Published: November 2010

Treatment of municipal wastewater results worldwide in the production of large amounts of sewage sludge. The major part of the dry matter content of this sludge consists of nontoxic organic compounds, in general a combination of primary sludge and secondary (microbiological) sludge. The sludge also contains a substantial amount of inorganic material and a small amount of toxic components. The large volume of wastewater sludge generated requires enormous landfill space for disposal. Diverting the wastewater sludge from landfill would alleviate the shortage of landfill sites. Thus alternative applications have to be considered for the wastewater sludge diverted away from the landfills. The use of wastewater sludge for the production of construction materials is reviewed in this paper. Wastewater sludge can be used as raw materials for making bricks, concrete filler and concrete aggregates. The study reveals that the reuse of wastewater sludge as construction materials offers a technically feasible alternative for sludge disposal.
Forecasting Traffic Volume with Space-Time ARIMA Model
Authors: Ding Qing Yan , Wang Xi Fu , Zhang Xiu Yuan , Sun Zhan Quan
Published: November 2010

The paper proposes a space–time autoregressive integrated moving average (STARIMA) model to predict the traffic volume in urban areas. The methodological framework incorporates the historical traffic data and the spatial features of a road network. Moreover, the spatial characteristics in a way that reflects not only the distance but also the average travel speed on the links. In order to response the time-varying speed, six traffic modes are classified by level of service (LOS) which is updated in 5 minute interval. In the end, with the real traffic data in Beijing for experiments, the model achieves a very good accuracy on the 5 minute interval forecasting, it also provides a sufficient accuracy of 30 minute interval forecasting compared with ARIMA model.
Synthesis of BaZrO3 Powders by Hydrothermal Method from Reactive Precursors
Authors: Pu Yong Ping , Wu Hai Dong , Chen Kai
Published: November 2010

In this study, pure and crystalline BaZrO3 powders are prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using of precursor of barium chloride and zirconium oxychloride. The influence of several synthesis parameters is studied. At high OH- concentration, it is possible to obtain the well-crystallized stoichiometric perovskite phase at relatively low temperature. In addition, We had prepared high purity powder took a mere 1h at 130oC. The phase and particle morphology of the product were characterized by the techniques such as XRD, SEM and chemical analyses. The results indicated that the morphology of grain corresponded to rhombic dodecahedron, and the product had a particle size region which is 2~5µm.
Mechanism Analysis of FTIR Absorption Characteristic of MgO Nano-Powder
Authors: Liu Guo Liang , Zhu Yi Min , Ma Zhi Jun , Fang Xin
Published: November 2010

Nano-MgO powders with different size form 30 to 100 nm are prepared and measured by XRD and IR. FTIR results show that nano-MgO powder has abnormal infrared absorption behaviors compared with that of micron scale; and there exist blue shifts of infrared absorption peaks with the decrease of the particles size. But when the average particle size of nano-MgO powder is down to less than 50 nm, there are red shifts of infrared absorption peaks. The aim of the paper is to analyze the mechanism of IR absorption characteristic of MgO Nano-powder by a single- dimensional chain vibration model.
Modification of LiFePo4 by Citric Acid Coating and Nb5+ Doping
Authors: Zhang Dong Yun , Zhang Li , Zhang Pei Xin , Lin Mu Chong , Huang Xiao Qian , Ren Xiang Zhong , Xu Qi Ming
Published: November 2010

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4, Li0.99Nb0.01FePO4/C composite materials were synthesized with citric acid coating and Nb2O5 doping. The physical chemistry and electrochemical performances of Li0.99Nb0.01FePO4/C were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that Li0.99Nb0.01FePO4/C has smooth charge-discharge voltage platform, with first capacity of 151.6 mAh•g-1 (0.1C) and no obvious capacity fading after 16 cycles. The materials have favorable high rate discharge performances, with the first capacity of 131.6 mAh•g-1 at 0.5C, 119.8 mAh•g-1 at 1.0C and 106.2 mAh•g-1 at 2.0C. Equivalent circuits analysis shows that the impedance, especially electrode reaction resistance of Li0.99Nb0.01FePO4/C are significantly reduced compared with the pure LiFePO4 and this helps to improve the electric conductivity, discharge capacity and cycle performance. The diffusion coefficient of Li+ in Li0.99Nb0.01FePO4/C is 2.51×10-12 cm2•s-1 increased two orders of magnitude in comparison with the pure LiFePO4. Carbon-coating makes a more remarkable contribution to lithium diffusion than Nb5+ ion doping.
Powder Preparation Technology in China
Authors: Gai Guo Sheng , Yang Yu Fen , Wu Cheng Bao , Jin Zhi Xian
Published: November 2010

Powder technology in China has been rapidly developed with the growing modern processing industries in recent two decades. In this paper, general situation of Powder Preparation Technology in China is summarized both in fine grinding of minerals and nano-powder synthesis processes. Some organizations of Powder Technology in China are also introduced for global cooperation in the future.
Study on the Performances and Interfacial Structure of Magnesium Oxysulfate Whiskers/PE Composites
Authors: Jiang Yu Zhi , Li Yan Bo
Published: November 2010

The magnesium oxysulfate whiskers/PE composites were prepared by melt-extrusion using whiskers as filler. The mechanical performances, including the tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus, were tested by electronic universal testing machine. The results show that as the content of whiskers increases, the modulus of elasticity increases while the elongation decreases. However, the elastic modulus will improve and the tensile strength will be maximized when it is 15%. Hydrogen bond was formed between whisker and modifier after modification and was characterized by IR. The morphology of fracture was analyzed by SEM. It draws the conclusion that hydrogen bond is capable to enhance the mechanical performances of composites.
Study on the Rate Performance of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2
Authors: Zhang Dong Yun , Yi Juan , Wei Qun , Liu Kun , Fan Zhen Zhen , Zhang Pei Xin
Published: November 2010

Ternary lithium-ion battery is currently one of the hot cathode materials. In this paper, with acetate of nickel, manganese and cobalt as raw materials and lithium hydroxide as precipitation agent, LiCo1/3Mn1/3Ni1/3O2 was prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. LAND charge-discharge testing was used to study the electrochemical performance of materials at different rates (0.5C, 1C, 2C), and AC impedance spectroscopy was employed to study the rate performance and reasons of cyclical stability. The results showed that the stable SEM film formed under high rate was the main reason for the increased rate.
The Experimental Study on Synthesis of Activated Bleaching Clay and Organic Bentonite Utilizing Bentonites in Liaoning Province
Authors: Dai Shu Juan , Hu Zhi Gang , Meng Yu Qun , Li Xiao An
Published: November 2010

A bentonites in liaoning province was high quality calcium-group bentonites by acid ,the main component was montmoronite and the content of impurity was less. The activation and organise and so on experiment were carried about. The high quality activated bleaching clay was made of bentonites on the condition of acidity being 15%-25%, activation time being over 4h.The excellent organic bentonites preparation was fulfilled under the condition temperature being 60°C, slurry concentration being 5%, organise time being 1h and the dosage of dosage being 35g/100g using appropriate flowsheet, inorganic mineral gelatin was made by bentonites and its capability was measured.