bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Engineering or Behavioural Approach? A Study into Employees’ Perceptions Regarding the Effectiveness of Occupational Road Safety Initiatives
Authors: Banks Tamara , Freeman James , Davey Jeremy
Published: March 2016

Background and Aims: Considerable variation has been documented with fleet safety interventions’ abilities to create lasting behavioural change, and research has neglected to consider employees’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness of fleet interventions. This is a critical oversight as employees’ beliefs and acceptance levels (as well as the perceived organisational commitment to safety) can ultimately influence levels of effectiveness, and this study aimed to examine such perceptions in Australian fleet settings. Method: 679 employees sourced from four Australian organisations completed a safety climate questionnaire as well as provided perspectives about the effectiveness of 35 different safety initiatives. Results: Countermeasures that were perceived as most effective were a mix of human and engineering-based approaches: (a) purchasing safer vehicles; (b) investigating serious vehicle incidents; and (c) practical driver skills training. In contrast, least effective countermeasures were considered to be: (a) signing a promise card; (b) advertising a company’s phone number on the back of cars for complaints and compliments; and (c) communicating cost benefits of road safety to employees. No significant differences in employee perceptions were identified based on age, gender, employees’ self-reported crash involvement or employees’ self-reported traffic infringement history. Perceptions of safety climate were identified to be “moderate” but were not linked to self-reported crash or traffic infringement history. However, higher levels of safety climate were positively correlated with perceived effectiveness of some interventions. Conclusion: Taken together, employees believed occupational road safety risks could best be managed by the employer by implementing a combination of engineering and human resource initiatives to enhance road safety. This paper will further outline the key findings in regards to practice as well as provide direction for future research.
Changes in Patterns of Seasonality Shown by Migratory Fish under Global Warming: Evidence from Catch Data of Taiwan’s Coastal Fisheries
Authors: Ho Ching-Hsien , Lu Hsueh-Jung , He Jia-Sin , Lan Kuo-Wei , Chen Jyun-Long
Published: March 2016

In this study, we analyzed the fish species composition data of coastal capture fisheries in Taiwan between 1963 and 2010. The purpose of the analysis was to understand the long-term changes in marine ecosystems. A ratio-to-moving average method was used in conjunction with adjusted seasonal indices to determine the seasonality of individual catch items and to examine the trends shown by the species with the same seasonality. Over the 48-year timespan of the data, 31 species, i.e., 64% of the total number of species, were identified as seasonal migrants. The catch ratio for species showing a single peak in the spring increased steadily over time; however, those species with a single peak in the winter decreased. The catch ratio for those species with dual peaks in both summer and fall varied greatly before 1978. Increasing trends began in the 1980s and accelerated until 1998. As a result of this increase, the previous concentration of the fishing season in the winter months became highly diffuse. Additionally, the winter and/or spring species continued to decrease year after year as the summer and/or autumn species gradually came to dominate the catch. This change in fishing seasonality is likely not an anthropogenic effect. However, the change coincides with trends in sea surface temperature fluctuations. Such variation may not only cause structural change in marine ecosystems but can also significantly impact the economy and the livelihoods of those associated with the fishing trade.
Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins
Authors: Dziga Dariusz , Zielinska Gabriela , Wladyka Benedykt , Bochenska Oliwia , Maksylewicz Anna , Strzalka Wojciech , Meriluoto Jussi
Published: March 2016

Bacterial degradation of toxic microcystins produced by cyanobacteria is a common phenomenon. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of these processes is rudimentary. In this paper several novel discoveries regarding the action of the enzymes of the mlr cluster responsible for microcystin biodegradation are presented using recombinant proteins. In particular, the predicted active sites of the recombinant MlrB and MlrC were analyzed using functional enzymes and their inactive muteins. A new degradation intermediate, a hexapeptide derived from linearized microcystins by MlrC, was discovered. Furthermore, the involvement of MlrA and MlrB in further degradation of the hexapeptides was confirmed and a corrected biochemical pathway of microcystin biodegradation has been proposed.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Duration and Division of Flood Season in the Fenhe River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Hejia , Xiao Weihua , Wang Jianhua , Wang Yicheng , Huang Ya , Hou Baodeng , Lu Chuiyu
Published: March 2016

This study analyzes the duration and division of the flood season in the Fenhe River Basin over the period of 1957–2014 based on daily precipitation data collected from 14 meteorological stations. The Mann–Kendall detection, the multiscale moving t-test, and the Fisher optimal partition methods are used to evaluate the impact of climate change on flood season duration and division. The results show that the duration of the flood season has extended in 1975–2014 compared to that in 1957–1974. Specifically, the onset date of the flood season has advanced 15 days, whereas the retreat date of the flood season remains almost the same. The flood season of the Fenhe River Basin can be divided into three stages, and the variations in the onset and retreat dates of each stage are also examined. Corresponding measures are also proposed to better utilize the flood resources to adapt to the flood season variations.
Codex alimentarius : de l'ambivalence à l'ambiguïté
Authors: Romi Raphaël
Published: March 2016

Le droit de l'environnement est désormais interpellé par le droit alimentaire... Il lui faut tenir compte d'institutions qu'il avait négligées jusque-là. Le Codex alimentarius, en particulier, qui édicté des normes en matière alimentaire, est utilisé depuis l'institution de l'OMC comme référence privilégiée dans le cadre des litiges internationaux en matière de sécurité alimentaire. Il semble que le principe de précaution lui soit quelque peu étranger, et que son mode de fonctionnement et la nature de sa production soient critiquables et critiqués. L'article qui suit tente d'éclaircir ces questions et amorce une réflexion prospective.
Un nouvel obstacle pour l'écotaxe sur l'énergie. Commentaire de l'extrait de la décision du Conseil constitutionnel n° 2000-441 DC du 28 décembre 2000, concernant l'extension de la taxe générale sur les activités polluantes à l'énergie
Authors: Caudal Sylvie
Published: March 2016

Le Conseil constitutionnel, dans cette décision, commence certes par reconnaître très explicitement la compatibilité entre une fiscalité incitative (écologique par exemple) et le principe d'égalité devant l'impôt : il déclare néanmoins contraire à ce même principe l'extension de la taxe générale sur les activités polluantes (TGAP) aux consommations intermédiaires d'énergie. La double motivation retenue peut être différemment appréciée : si la première, reposant sur la disparité de traitement entre entreprises, même peu explicitée, paraît fondée, la seconde encourt la critique : le double objectif assigné par les pouvoirs publics à la TGAP - lutte contre l'effet de serre et maîtrise de la consommation d'énergie - justifie en effet la taxation de l'électricité. Ce faisant, la décision du Conseil constitutionnel concourt certainement à assombrir l'avenir, en France, d'une écotaxe sur l'énergie...
FORMING CHONDRITES IN A SOLAR NEBULA WITH MAGNETICALLY INDUCED TURBULENCE
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Turner Neal J. , Masiero Joseph , Wakita Shigeru , Matsumoto Yuji , Oshino Shoichi
Published: March 2016

Chondritic meteorites provide valuable opportunities to investigate the origins of the solar system. We explore impact jetting as a mechanism of chondrule formation and subsequent pebble accretion as a mechanism of accreting chondrules onto parent bodies of chondrites, and investigate how these two processes can account for the currently available meteoritic data. We find that when the solar nebula is ≤5 times more massive than the minimum-mass solar nebula at a ≃ 2–3 au and parent bodies of chondrites are ≤1024 g (≤500 km in radius) in the solar nebula, impact jetting and subsequent pebble accretion can reproduce a number of properties of the meteoritic data. The properties include the present asteroid belt mass, the formation timescale of chondrules, and the magnetic field strength of the nebula derived from chondrules in Semarkona. Since this scenario requires a first generation of planetesimals that trigger impact jetting and serve as parent bodies to accrete chondrules, the upper limit of parent bodies’ masses leads to the following implications: primordial asteroids that were originally ≥1024 g in mass were unlikely to contain chondrules, while less massive primordial asteroids likely had a chondrule-rich surface layer. The scenario developed from impact jetting and pebble accretion can therefore provide new insights into the origins of the solar system.
MAGNETIC FIELD AND WIND OF KAPPA CETI: TOWARD THE PLANETARY HABITABILITY OF THE YOUNG SUN WHEN LIFE AROSE ON EARTH
Authors: do Nascimento, Jr. J.-D. , Vidotto A. A. , Petit P. , Folsom C. , Castro M. , Marsden S. C. , Morin J. , Mello G. F. Porto de , Meibom S. , Jeffers S. V. , Guinan E. , Ribas I.
Published: March 2016

We report magnetic field measurements for κ
1 Cet, a proxy of the young Sun when life arose on Earth. We carry out an analysis of the magnetic properties determined from spectropolarimetric observations and reconstruct the large-scale surface magnetic field to derive the magnetic environment, stellar winds, and particle flux permeating the interplanetary medium around

Cet. Our results show a closer magnetosphere and mass-loss rate of

, i.e., a factor of 50 times larger than the current solar wind mass-loss rate, resulting in a larger interaction via space weather disturbances between the stellar wind and a hypothetical young-Earth analogue, potentially affecting the planet’s habitability. Interaction of the wind from the young Sun with the planetary ancient magnetic field may have affected the young Earth and its life conditions.
RADIOASTRON OBSERVATIONS OF THE QUASAR 3C273: A CHALLENGE TO THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE LIMIT
Authors: Kovalev Y. Y. , Kardashev N. S. , Kellermann K. I. , Lobanov A. P. , Johnson M. D. , Gurvits L. I. , Voitsik P. A. , Zensus J. A. , Anderson J. M. , Bach U. , Jauncey D. L. , Ghigo F. , Ghosh T. , Kraus A. , Kovalev Yu. A. , Lisakov M. M. , Petrov L. Yu. , Romney J. D. , Salter C. J. , Sokolovsky K. V.
Published: March 2016

Inverse Compton cooling limits the brightness temperature of the radiating plasma to a maximum of 1011.5 K. Relativistic boosting can increase its observed value, but apparent brightness temperatures much in excess of 1013 K are inaccessible using ground-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at any wavelength. We present observations of the quasar 3C 273, made with the space VLBI mission RadioAstron on baselines up to 171,000 km, which directly reveal the presence of angular structure as small as 26 μas (2.7 light months) and brightness temperature in excess of 1013 K. These measurements challenge our understanding of the non-thermal continuum emission in the vicinity of supermassive black holes and require a much higher Doppler factor than what is determined from jet apparent kinematics.
Gout Prophylaxis Evaluated According to the 2012 American College of Rheumatology Guidelines: Analysis from the CORRONA Gout Registry
Authors: Schlesinger Naomi , Etzel Carol J. , Greenberg Jeff , Kremer Joel , Harrold Leslie R.
Published: March 2016

Objective.

To analyze prophylaxis using the CORRONA (COnsortium of Rheumatology Researchers Of North America) Gout Registry according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines, and to evaluate whether differences in disease characteristics influenced prophylaxis.

Methods.

All patients with gout in the CORRONA Gout Registry between November 1, 2012, and November 26, 2013, were included. They were divided into 2 groups: “receiving prophylaxis” versus “not receiving prophylaxis” at the time of enrollment. Patients having a flare at time of visit were excluded. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the factors associated with prophylaxis.

Results.

There were 1049 patients with gout available for analysis. There were 441 patients (42%) receiving prophylaxis and 608 (58%) not receiving prophylaxis. The most common drugs used for prophylaxis were colchicine (78%) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (32%). Prophylaxis drug combination was used by 45 patients (10.2%). Patients in the “receiving prophylaxis” group were more likely to have a gout duration of ≤ 1 year (n = 68, p < 0.001), ≥ 1 flare in the year previous to enrollment (p < 0.001), ≥ 1 healthcare uses in the last year [Emergency Department (p = 0.029); outpatient visit to primary care, rheumatologist, or urgent care clinic (p < 0.001)], have tophi (p < 0.001), report pain > 3 (p = 0.001), and have disease activity > 10 (p < 0.001) compared with patients in the “not receiving prophylaxis” group.

Conclusion.

Forty-two percent of patients with gout in the CORRONA Gout Registry were receiving prophylaxis. Prophylaxis was significantly more common in patients with a higher disease burden and activity, which is in agreement with the ACR guidelines. Our study highlights disease characteristics influencing prophylaxis and furthers our knowledge on current use of flare prophylaxis.
Inflammatory Cells in Patients with Endstage Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comparison between the Synovium and the Infrapatellar Fat Pad
Authors: Klein-Wieringa Inge R. , de Lange-Brokaar Badelog J.E. , Yusuf Erlangga , Andersen Stefan N. , Kwekkeboom Joanneke C. , Kroon Herman M. , van Osch Gerjo J.V.M. , Zuurmond Anne-Marie , Stojanovic-Susulic Vedrana , Nelissen Rob G.H.H. , Toes René E.M. , Kloppenburg Margreet , Ioan-Facsinay Andreea
Published: March 2016

Objective.

To get a better understanding of inflammatory pathways active in the osteoarthritic (OA) joint, we characterized and compared inflammatory cells in the synovium and the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) of patients with knee OA.

Methods.

Infiltrating immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry in 76 patients with knee OA (mean age 63.3, 52% women, median body mass index 28.9) from whom synovial tissue (n = 40) and IFP (n = 68) samples were obtained. Pain was assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS; 0–100 mm). Spearman rank correlations and linear regression analyses adjusted for sex and age were performed.

Results.

Macrophages and T cells, followed by mast cells, were the most predominant immune cells in the synovium and IFP, and were equally abundant in these tissues. Macrophages and T cells secreted mostly proinflammatory cytokines even without additional stimulation, indicating their activated state. Accordingly, most CD4+ T cells had a memory phenotype and contained a significant population of cells expressing activation markers (CD25+, CD69+). Interestingly, the percent of CD69+ T cells was higher in synovial than IFP CD4+ T cells. Preliminary analyses indicated that the number of synovial CD4+ T cells were associated with VAS pain (β 0.51, 95% CI 0.09–1.02, p = 0.02).

Conclusion.

Our data suggest that the immune cell composition of the synovium and the IFP is similar, and includes activated cells that could contribute to inflammation through secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, preliminary analyses indicate that synovial CD4+ T cells might associate with pain in patients with endstage OA of the knee.
Inactive Disease in Enthesitis-related Arthritis: Association of Increased Body Mass Index
Authors: Makay Balahan , Gücenmez Özge Altuğ , Ünsal Erbil
Published: March 2016

Objective.

Patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) were less likely to achieve and sustain inactive disease than children with other subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased body mass index (BMI) on clinical features of the disease and to investigate whether being overweight or obese limits the possibility of achieving clinically inactive disease in patients with ERA.

Methods.

The hospital charts of 72 patients with ERA were reviewed. Demographic and clinical findings were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they had “healthy weight” (BMI < 85th percentile) or “increased weight” (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) at baseline. The primary outcome of this study was to achieve inactive disease at 1 year after the initiation of therapy. The inactive disease criterion of Wallace,et alwas used to define inactive disease status.

Results.

Twenty patients had increased BMI. The frequency of tarsitis and ankle involvement was higher in patients with increased weight. Thirty-seven patients were inactive at the end of 1 year. In univariate analyses, male sex, increased BMI, ankle involvement, and tarsitis were found to be associated with failure to achieve inactive disease. Multivariate backward stepwise regression analyses revealed that failure to achieve clinically inactive disease was associated with increased BMI and ankle involvement.

Conclusion.

Being overweight or obese was associated with failure to achieve inactive disease in patients with ERA. Because body weight is a modifiable factor, individualized interventions may have clinical implications for better therapeutic outcome.
Slavery, antislavery, political rivalry and regional networks in East African waters, 1877-1883
Authors: Alpers Edward A.
Published: March 2016

This paper explores the dynamic between local, regional, and global forces for the Comoro Islands between the 1873 treaty mandating abolition of the export slave trade from Zanzibar to the imposition of French suzerainty over the Comoro Islands in 1886. Locally, my context is the Comoro Islands; regionally, it takes in the Mozambique Channel and wider southwest Indian Ocean; globally, it is the larger British imperial antislavery campaign in the western Indian Ocean. My paper seeks specifically to understand how the final years of political rivalry and slaving in this region affected matters both local and regional. By examining these events in some detail I hope also to reveal the economic and social networks that connected the people of the Comoros to each other, and beyond the Comoros to Zanzibar and coastal Mozambique. In the process, I illustrate how British abolitionism played out in the Comoros.
India in Africa: Trade goods and connections of the late first millennium
Authors: Hawkes Jason D. , Wynne-Jones Stephanie
Published: March 2016

Archaeological approaches to the study of Indian Ocean connections tend to focus on “foreign” objects that appear in different contexts. In East Africa, these objects are found at settlements on what would become the Swahili coast, and they show that these settlements were linked to Indian Ocean networks from as early as the 7th century AD. The limited quantities of these remains mean that these earliest connections are difficult to see; they become much easier to identify from the 11th century onwards, when the largest numbers of goods are known. Yet our ability to trace these earliest connections is not only affected by the amount of evidence at our disposal. The ways that archaeologists have approached this topic have been dominated by historical paradigms that focus on the Persian Gulf and the agency of Arab merchants and consider Indian Ocean connections primarily in terms of trade. This article reviews the ways that this commercial emphasis creates a particular way of thinking in archaeological scholarship and discusses the fact that within this framework connections between India and Africa are poorly accounted for. It then turns to think about traces of these connections in the archaeology of the 7th to 10th centuries in both of these regions. Drawing on the strengths of archaeology in thinking through the meaning and use of material objects, it explores the ways in which a variety of artefact categories evoke a number of different types of connections between the people of India and Africa across the Indian Ocean.
Records of unsuccessful attack byAnoplophora glabripennis(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on broadleaf trees of questionable suitability in Canada
Authors: Turgeon Jean J. , Jones Chuck , Smith Michael T. , Orr Mary , Scarr Taylor A. , Gasman Ben
Published: March 2016

Discovery of the non-nativeAnoplophora glabripennisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ontario, Canada, in 2003 led to the implementation of an eradication programme. The plan consisted of removing all infested trees and all trees belonging to a genus considered suitable for complete development of this wood-borer that were found within 400 m of an infested tree; however, many of the trees within that 400 m belonged to genera for which suitability for development ofA. glabripenniswas questionable or unknown. We visually inspected over 3000 such trees annually for the three years following removal of infested trees. All but one tree were unattacked: an ash (Fraxinus excelsiorLinnaeus (Oleaceae)) tree had signs of oviposition and early-instar development, but not of adult emergence. Before that survey, we had found only one other species with questionable suitability, a little leaf linden (Tilia cordata Miller (Malvaceae)) that had many signs of oviposition, but no evidence of full development, suggesting resistance toA. glabripennis. Both of these trees were within 200 m of the most heavily infested maple (Acer platanoidesLinnaeus (Sapindaceae)) tree found in that infestation, suggesting that colonisation of trees with questionable or unknown suitability might occur mostly where population pressure is high.
Theological education, considered from South Africa: Current issues for cross-contextual comparison
Authors: Lombaard Christo
Published: March 2016

Taking into review the newly published series of substantial multi-authored volumes on ecumenical theological education internationally, this article identifies, from the author’s own experience in ecumenical theological education and from his publications in this field, the central issue of specificity, locality and context in theological education. This takes place within two broadly developing new and relevant trends: post-secularism and inclusive liberalism, briefly described and then related to theological education. In the light of these trends, some questions are asked on theological education, and a plea for greater interdisciplinarity is made. The article thus contains a considerable part of self-reflective material, based on substantial professional experience in theological education, which enables engagement with the new publications and newly developing international contextual features that will shape theological education for the foreseeable future.
What is the role of CD4 count in a large public health antiretroviral programme?
Authors: Moorhouse Michelle , Conradie Francesca , Venter Francois
Published: March 2016

No abstract available.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Advanced Ovarian Cancer Tissue to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Responders and Nonresponders to First-Line Chemotherapy of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel
Authors: Sehrawat Urmila , Pokhriyal Ruchika , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Hariprasad Roopa , Khan Mohd Imran , Gupta Divya , Naru Jasmine , Singh Sundararajan Baskar , Mohanty Ashok Kumar , Vanamail Perumal , Kumar Lalit , Kumar Sunesh , Hariprasad Gururao
Published: March 2016

Conventional treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is an initial debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel. Despite initial high response, three-fourths of these women experience disease recurrence with a dismal prognosis. Patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery were enrolled and tissue samples were collected. Post surgery, these patients were started on chemotherapy and followed up till the end of the cycle. Fluorescence-based differential in-gel expression coupled with mass spectrometric analysis was used for discovery phase of experiments, and real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and pathway analysis were performed for expression and functional validation of differentially expressed proteins. While aldehyde reductase, hnRNP, cyclophilin A, heat shock protein-27, and actin are upregulated in responders, prohibitin, enoyl-coA hydratase, peroxiredoxin, and fibrin-β are upregulated in the nonresponders. The expressions of some of these proteins correlated with increased apoptotic activity in responders and decreased apoptotic activity in nonresponders. Therefore, the proteins qualify as potential biomarkers to predict chemotherapy response.
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome: Are Drugs Offenders or Bystanders?
Authors: Kawamata Mutsumi , Akimoto Tetsu , Sugase Taro , Otani-Takei Naoko , Miki Takuya , Masuda Takahiro , Kobayashi Takahisa , Takeda Shin-Ichi , Muto Shigeaki , Nagata Daisuke
Published: March 2016

A 16-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital due to progressive renal dysfunction with an increased serum creatinine (sCr) level of 1.7 mg/dL. Her clinical course without any ocular manifestations and results of drug-induced, lymphocyte-stimulating tests, in addition to a renal histological assessment, initially encouraged us to ascribe the patient's renal abnormalities to drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). Four months later, she started to complain about reduced visual acuity when she was found to have anterior bilateral uveitis despite the recovered renal function with almost constant sCr levels around 0.7 mg/dL. Thus, a diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome was finally made. Our case illustrates the difficulties in distinguishing late-onset uveitis TINU syndrome from drug-induced AIN at the time of the renal biopsy, thereby suggesting the importance of a longitudinal follow-up to overcome the potential underdiagnosis of the disease. Several diagnostic conundrums that emerged in this case are also discussed.
A Semi-Lagrangian Approach for Dilute Non-Collisional Fluid-Particle Flows
Authors: Bernard-Champmartin Aude , Braeunig Jean-Philippe , Fochesato Christophe , Goudon Thierry
Published: March 2016

We develop numerical methods for the simulation of laden-flows where particles interact with the carrier fluid through drag forces. Semi-Lagrangian techniques are presented to handle the Vlasov-type equation which governs the evolution of the particles. We discuss several options to treat the coupling with the hydrodynamic system describing the fluid phase, paying attention to strategies based on staggered discretizations of the fluid velocity.
Development of a Combined Compact Difference Scheme to Simulate Soliton Collision in a Shallow Water Equation
Authors: Yu Ching-Hao , Sheu Tony Wen-Hann
Published: March 2016

In this paper a three-step scheme is applied to solve the Camassa-Holm (CH) shallow water equation. The differential order of the CH equation has been reduced in order to facilitate development of numerical scheme in a comparatively smaller grid stencil. Here a three-point seventh-order spatially accurate upwinding combined compact difference (CCD) scheme is proposed to approximate the firstorder derivative term. We conduct modified equation analysis on the CCD scheme and eliminate the leading discretization error terms for accurately predicting unidirectional wave propagation. The Fourier analysis is carried out as well on the proposed numerical scheme to minimize the dispersive error. For preserving Hamiltonians in Camassa- Holm equation, a symplecticity conserving time integrator has been employed. The other main emphasis of the present study is the use of u–P–α formulation to get nondissipative CH solution for peakon-antipeakon and soliton-anticuspon head-on wave collision problems.
Old Romance place names in early South Slavic and late Proto-Slavic sound changes
Authors: Šekli Matej
Published: March 2016

The analysis of Old Romance geographical names in early South Slavic confirms that the majority of late Proto-Slavic sound changes were still operative in the period of the earliest Old Romance-Slavic language contacts in the Balkan Peninsula and eastern Alps from the second half of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century onwards. Phonetic substitutions of the type Rom. *kE, *gE → Sl. *c, *ʒ (Balk. Rom. *Kersu → Sl. *Cersъ, Balk. Rom. *Gīla → Sl. *Ʒiĺa) and Rom. *auC → Sl. *ovC (Balk. Rom. *Laurentiu > *Laurenču → Sl. *Lovręčь) point to the fact that the first palatalization of velars as well as the monophthongization of the inherited diphthongs were no longer among the ongoing processes. All other late Proto-Slavic sound changes were either still operative or only took place after the borrowing. This is confirmed by the relative chronology of the following set of Romance-Slavic correspondences: simplification of consonant clusters: Rom. *ps → Sl. *s (Balk. Rom. *Apsaru → Sl. *Osorъ), development of prothetic consonants: Rom. *ū- → Sl. *uū- > *vy- (Alp. Rom. *Ūdẹnu → Sl. *(V)ydьnъ), simplification of j-clusters: Rom. *Ci → Sl. *Cʹ (Balk. Rom. *Arsia → Sl. *Orša), delabialization of *o after *r: Rom. *ro → Sl. *ry > *ri (Rom. *Roma → Sl. *Rymъ > *Rimъ), second regressive palatalization of velars (see above Sl. *Cersъ, *Ʒiĺa), rise of nasal vowels: Rom. *ENC, *ONC → Sl. *ęC, *ǫC (Balk. Rom. *Parentiu > *Parenču → Sl. *Poręčь, Balk. Rom. *Karantānu → Sl. *Korǫtanъ), progressive palatalization of velars: Rom. *Ek, *Eg → Sl. *c, *ʒ (Balk. Rom. *Longātẹku → Sl. *Lǫgatьcь), delabialization of *ū1 > *y: Rom. *ū/*o → Sl. *y (Balk. Rom. *Allūviu → Sl. *Olybъ), labialization of *a > *o: Rom. *a → Sl. *o (Balk. Rom. *Kapra → Sl. *Koprъ), vowel reduction of *i, *u > *ь, *ъ: Rom. *ẹ, *ọ → Sl. *ь, *ъ (Balk. Rom. *Kọrẹku → Sl. *Kъrьkъ, Balk. Rom. *Tọrre → Sl. *Tъrъ).
Laut- und Akzentgeschichtliches zu einigen aus Substraten und Nachbarsprachen ins Slavische entlehnten Namen
Authors: Holzer Georg
Published: March 2016

In diesem Beitrag wird die Laut- und Akzentgeschichte einiger geographischer Namen untersucht, die das Slavische der Expansionszeit oder kurz danach von seinen Substrat- oder neuen Nachbarsprachen übernommen hat. Die ausgewählten Namen stammen aus dem Griechischen, Lateinischen bzw. Romanischen, „Alteuropäischen“, Thrakischen und anderen indogermanischen Substratsprachen wie auch aus dem Deutschen und anderen germanischen Sprachen, aus dem Finnischen und dem Iranischen. Im Einzelnen werden folgende Namen behandelt: *Silicānum > Solkan, *Silicētum > Sužid, *Caprētum > Kobarid, Σαλονίκη > Solun, Salōna > Solin, Serdica > Srědьcь, Timacus > Timok, Sancta Maria > Sutomore, Sancta Marīa > Sutomorje, Longaticum > Logatec, Aquilēia > Oglej, ūtinum > Videm, *Karantjā – Koroška, *Gīlā > Zilja, *Albanta > Labot, Albis > Labe, Regĭna > řezno, *wal˙xu > Vlah, Laukaa – Luga, ursl. *Al˙dagā˙ > Ladoga, Inkeri – Ižora, ursl. *Danu > Don, *Dunēstru oder *Dunajstru > Dnestr, *Dunēpru oder *Dunajpru > Dnepr.
Deutsch-slawischer Siedlungs- und Sprachkontakt im Gebiet zwischen Saale und Neiße – vorgestellt an ausgewählten Ortsnamen (Siedlungsnamen)
Authors: Bily Inge
Published: March 2016

Saale und Elbe bilden im Wesentlichen die westliche Begrenzung des ehemals kompakten altsorbischen Sprachgebietes. Im Norden schließt das Altsorbische an das Altpolabische, im Osten und Südosten an das Polnische und Tschechische an. Eigennamen bilden eine wichtige Quelle sowohl für die Aufhellung der Geschichte der Besiedlung wie auch ethnischer, sprachlicher und sozialer Verhältnisse, denn historische Siedlungsprozesse fanden ihren Niederschlag u.a. in historischen Belegen von Namen. Diese Belege wie auch die Ableitungsbasen und Benennungsmotive ebenso wie die phonologischen und morphologischen Merkmale der Namen des altsorbischen Kontaktgebietes enthalten eine Vielzahl von Zeugnissen deutsch-slawischer Kontinuität. Auf der Grundlage umfangreicher Studien zu Ortsnamen stellt der Beitrag ausgewählte Beispiele vor. Im ehemals altsorbischen Kontaktgebiet können Ortsnamen (Siedlungsnamen) und ihre historische Überlieferung Hinweise auf Siedlungs- und Sprachkontakt geben. Dies belegen eine ganze Reihe von Merkmalen, so z.B.:1. Unterscheidende Bestimmungswörter2. Parallele Namengebung mit zeitweiliger Mehrnamigkeit3. Umbenennung4. Übersetzung5. Benennungsparallelismus im deutsch-slawischen Kontaktgebiet6. Scheinbare sekundäre semantische Verankerung (SSSV)7. Namenpaare8. Unterscheidende Zusätze9. Mischnamen (Hybride)
Nemško-slovenski stiki v slovenski toponimiji
Authors: Torkar Silvo
Published: March 2016

V prispevku se obravnava osem slovenskih zemljepisnih imen, ki so nastala v medjezikovnem stiku, vendar pri treh to velja le za njihove nemške oblike. Nemci so substituirali ali samo adaptirali slovenska zemljepisna imena, pri čemer so Slovenci v večji ali manjši meri sprejeli nemške oblike svojih imen. Na ta pojav je svoj čas opozoril že Štrekelj, ko je pojasnil krajevno ime Činžat iz slovenskega apel. senožet, mi pa ga ponazarjamo na primerih krajevnih imen Njiverce in Stoperce. Nemci so krajevno ime adaptirali ali prevedli, medtem ko so Slovenci ohranili svojo imensko obliko, ki se je spreminjala v skladu z domačim glasovnim razvojem. Takšen primer predstavljata krajevni imeni Vižmarje in Goriča vas. Imena s podstavo v enem jeziku in priponskimi obrazili v drugem so hibridna ali heteromorfna imena. Ta tip imen je na Slovenskem razmeroma pogosten, npr. Ruperče, Pirniče, Gunclje (nemško osebno ime in slovansko obrazilo -jь) ali Prosnid, Jagnjed (slovenska apelativna podstava in starofurlansko obrazilo -ed). V to kategorijo sodijo tudi krajevna imena Vižinga, Ciringa, Temljine in nemška oblika gorskega imena Šmarna gora, ki se glasi Kallenberg.
Zu einigen mittelalterlichen Amtsbezeichungen in der Toponymie Serbiens
Authors: Loma Aleksandar
Published: March 2016

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt den Ortsnamen Šepšin, wie ein Dorf in Serbien unweit von Mladenovac, südlich von Belgrad, heißt. Nach dem Zeugnis der türkischen Verzeichnisse des 16. Jh.s, hat sich die heutige Form des Namens über Šemšin aus Šemčin entwickelt, wie sein Erstbeleg aus 1528 lautet. Vorausgesetzt, dass sich das anlautende Š- aus S- durch Assimilation vom Typ šiče < siče ‘zischt’ entwickelt hat, lässt sich die ursprügliche Namenform als *Sěmčijin wiederherstellen, wo sich um ein Possessivadjektiv zur altserbischen Amtsbezeichnung sěmьčija handelt. Nur als Hapax in der BanjskaUrkunde aus 1316. belegt, wird sie mit aksl. samъčii ‘praefectus’ gleichgesetzt, wo wahrscheinlich ein Lehnwort aus dem Protobulgarischen vorliegt. In diesem Fall liesse sich das ě der altserbischen Nebenform durch den Einfluss des urslav. Wortes *sěmь ‘Familie’ erklären. Anknüpfend wird die Frage nach der Herkunft eines anderen Ortsnamens aus demselben Gebiet, Hrčin, heute Vrčin, wieder in Betracht gezogen. Bisher unterschiedlich gedeutet, lässt sich er analogisch zu *Sěmčijin auf *Hrtčijin als Possessivbildung zur sonst unbelegten Hofamtsbezeichnung *xъrtьčii ‘für Windhunde (*xъrtъ) zuständig, Hofjägermeister’ zurückführen. In beiden Fällen dürfte sich das maskuline Possessivadjektiv auf -in ursprünglich auf potok ‘Bach’ oder dol ‘Tal’ im Lehensbesitz der betreffenden Person bezogen haben.
The English-Slovene language contact: borrowing of personal names
Authors: Sicherl Eva
Published: March 2016

The article aims to shed some light on the growing tendency of Slovene native speakers towards borrowing English personal names when naming new-born children. Some historical overview of the borrowing of English personal names into Slovene is given, starting with lists compiled from 1931 onwards, established from the data supplied by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (SURS). The phenomenon of borrowing personal names is discussed from the point of view of pragmatic borrowing as advocated by G. Andersen (2014), taking into account the traditional distinction between necessary loans on the one hand and luxury loans on the other. The article illustrates how in the case of personal names, ‘exoticisms’ (e.g. Alex, Liam, Kevin, Kim, Ian, Vanessa, Adrian, Ella, Emma, Patrick, Nick, Alan, Lucas, listed among the most popular 200 first names in the 2001–2013 period) compete with name forms that have been adapted and nativised long ago (e.g. Patrik), or are currently being introduced for the first time into Slovene. In these recent borrowings, the foreign forms undergo some adaptation, but at the same time, unlike other anglicisms, show the tendency to resist complete adaptation, particularly in terms of spelling and pronunciation. Such pragmatically borrowed items carry significant sociolinguistic signals about the borrowers’ attitudes, and these are briefly commented on.
Towards a clarification of the history of the Slovene river name Soča
Authors: Repanšek Luka
Published: March 2016

The etymology of the Slovene hydronym Soča (Standard Friulan Lusìnç, Italian Isonzo) was satisfactorily elucidated more than half a century ago. The overall idea that the river name goes back to a derivative of a Proto-Indo-European verbal root *H1eisH2- is undoubtedly correct (the exact meaning of the root in question has, however, not been sufficiently corroborated) but the details remain hopelessly obscure. Given the contemporary reflexes of the underlying name (viz. Friulan Lusìnç ~ dial. Lisùns etc.) and the sometimes conflicting or not at all easily reconcilable historical attestations (spanning nearly a millenium), no consensus can in fact be reached about the exact formal means involved in the derivation of the original deverbative formation – a fact which results from the overall inconvenience of sheer wealth of combinatorial possibilities that go hand in hand with the general ambiguity of the phonology more or less directly reflected by the later reflexes of the name. The present contribution is an attempt at unifying all the reliable data at our disposal into a coherent picture that would bring a satisfactory answer as to the exact phonological and morphological make-up of the pre-historic source (alongside with the reconstructed meaning) and its subsequent history as it passed through the various linguistic strata.
Sull’idronimo Dragonja/Dragogna
Authors: Furlan Metka
Published: March 2016

Benché il nome per il fiume Dragogna fosse stato attestato come Argaone < indoeuropeo *H2erg’eH2ion- già nel VII secolo da Anonymus di Ravenna, questa forma è solo indirettamente collegabile alla forma contemporanea dell’idronimo sloveno Draginja, croato Dragonja, italiano Dragogna. Dopo che la base fu assunta dal substrato dagli Istriani parlanti il romanzo nella probabile forma iniziale Argaone  e fu inclusa, nel X secolo, nello sviluppo fonetico veneto in *Argone (seguendo il tipo taola > tola), l’idronimo fu transonimizzato e fu usato anche per designare il Golfo di Pirano (Largone, Largon, Laron, Largom). A causa dell’omonimia microareale *Argone ‘fiume Dragogna, Golfo di Pirano’, per il fiume, si è iniziato a usare il sintagma *fiume d’Argone, il che ha causato l’agglutinazione in *Dargone. Poiché durante i periodi di forti piogge la Dragogna spesso inondava i dintorni, la forma idronimica soprammenzionata fu associata dagli abitanti della zona del Dragogna a draghi/dragoni quali agenti di devastanti inondazioni. Al livello linguistico, ciò si riflette dapprima con la metatesi *Dargone → *Dragone dovuta all’influsso dell’italiano dragone, quindi con la trasformazione morfologica *Dragone in Dragogna *‘zona (= fiume) di dragoni’ (del tipo vigna ‘vigneto’ < *‘zona di viti’). In sloveno e in croato l’idronimo Dragonja ha quindi un’origine recente nella forma Dragogna, appartenente all’adstrato istroveneto. L’ipotesi di Ramovš che quest’idronimo sloveno-croato originasse dal substrato e che riflettesse la metatesi delle liquide slava era foneticamente errata, poiché tale sostituto, in sloveno o in croato, dovrebbe avere la forma **Dragin ovvero **Draginja.
Pieris e Begliano: villaggi medievali del basso Isonzo dall‘incerta identità
Authors: Puntin Maurizio
Published: March 2016

L’autore ha studiato a fondo, a cominciare dagli anni ’90, la toponomastica e l’antica antroponimia del Territorio di Monfalcone. Dopo la pubblicazione della II edizione dell’opera (P 2010) le ricerche sono continuate e hanno sempre confermato quei primi risultati. In pratica questo angolo sud-orientale del Friuli rientrò almeno fino a tutto il sec. XV nella Slavia submersa, con una maggioranza di abitanti slavofoni ed una minoranza parlante un dialetto friulano che si situava morfologicamente fra quello centrale e le antiche e scomparse parlate friulaneggianti di Trieste e Muggia. Nell’articolo si ripresentano brevemente molti nomi di persone e di luoghi di Pieris e Begliano (oggi Comune di S. Canzian d’Isonzo), con alcuni nuovi dati emersi ultimamente: per esempio sull’attuale località Isola Morosini (nel sec. XV Otoch) che apparteneva in età medievale all’Abbazia benedettina di Moggio. Viene rivista anche l’etimologia del nome della località di Begliano, lasciata in sospeso nei lavori precedenti fra l’opzione predialistica romana (*Bellius) e quella paleoslava (*Beljan o *Beljani); assegnando questo toponimo allo strato linguistico slavo. Bisogna distinguere però questo strato sloveno medievale da uno successivo, rappresentato essenzialmente da nomi e soprannomi di persone immigrate nel Monfalconese fra la fine del sec. XV e il sec. XVII. Gente di origine balcanica (sclabonus sive bisiacus) che fuggiva dalle invasioni turche ed entrava in un angolo di Friuli soggetto a Venezia. I tre villaggi erano vicini all’antico traghetto (zopum) di Pieris sul fiume Isonzo e la parte finale dell’articolo è dedicata alla discussione sull’etimo del termine friulano çòp/zòpul ‘piroga’ (slov. dial. čupa), su cui era intervenuto uno scrittore di Trieste proponendo un’origine slovena. L’autore dell’articolo mostra invece come non si possa facilmente disgiungere il termine çop/zop da tutta una trafila di voci, ben attestate nell’area romanza del nord-est italiano (compresa la lingua dalmatica oggi estinta). Voci che sembrano tutte gravitare attorno al semantema “ceppo, legno scavato” e che potrebbero in ultima analisi essere di lontana origine prelatina.
EARLINET Single Calculus Chain – technical Part 2: Calculation of optical products
Authors: Mattis Ina , D'Amico Giuseppe , Baars Holger , Amodeo Aldo , Madonna Fabio , Iarlori Marco
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In this paper we present the automated software tool ELDA (EARLINET Lidar Data Analyzer) for the retrieval of proﬁles of optical particle properties from lidar signals. This tool is one of the calculus modules of the EARLINET Single Calculus Chain (SCC) which allows for the analysis of the data of many different lidar systems of EARLINET in an automated, unsupervised way. ELDA delivers proﬁles of particle extinction coefﬁcients from Raman signals as well as proﬁles of particle backscatter coefﬁcients from combinations of Raman and elastic signals or from elastic signals only. Those analyses start from pre-processed signals which have already been corrected for background, range dependency and hardware speciﬁc effects. An expert group reviewed all algorithms and solutions for critical calculus subsystems which are used within EARLINET with respect to their applicability for automated retrievals. Those methods have been implemented in ELDA. Since the software was designed in a modular way, it is possible to add new or alternative methods in future. Most of the implemented algorithms are well known and well documented, but some methods have especially been developed for ELDA, e.g., automated vertical smoothing and temporal averaging or the handling of effective vertical resolution in case of lidar ratio retrievals, or the merging of near-range and far-range products. The accuracy of the retrieved proﬁles was tested following the procedure of the EARLINET-ASOS algorithm inter-comparison exercise which is based on the analysis of synthetic signals. Mean deviations, mean relative deviations, and normalized root-mean-square deviations were calculated for all possible products and three height layers. In all cases, the deviations were clearly below the maximum allowed values according to the EARLINET quality requirements.
SATIN–Satellite driven nowcasting system
Authors: Meirold-Mautner Ingo , Kann Alexander , Meier Florian
Published: March 2016

Abstract. A precipitation nowcasting system (SATIN) is presented which relies entirely on satellite based precipitation products and rain gauge measurements. Thus, the proposed system is most suitable for areas where ground based radar observations are not available, or potentially suffer from low quality. SATIN delivers analyses on a 1 km grid every 15 min and nowcasts (obtained through motion vectors) in 15 min time steps. Nowcasts are gradually merged with NWP precipitation forecasts. An extensive validation including comparisons to different NWP models yields superior performance for SATIN analyses as well as nowcasts for lead times up to 1 h. Reducing the station density still yields better performance than operationally available NWP's.
The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Phase 2: scientific objectives and experimental design
Authors: Haywood Alan M. , Dowsett Harry J. , Dolan Aisling M. , Rowley David , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Otto-Bliesner Bette , Chandler Mark A. , Hunter Stephen J. , Lunt Daniel J. , Pound Matthew , Salzmann Ulrich
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is a co-ordinated international climate modelling initiative to study and understand climate and environments of the Late Pliocene, as well as their potential relevance in the context of future climate change. PlioMIP examines the consistency of model predictions in simulating Pliocene climate and their ability to reproduce climate signals preserved by geological climate archives. Here we provide a description of the aim and objectives of the next phase of the model intercomparison project (PlioMIP Phase 2), and we present the experimental design and boundary conditions that will be utilized for climate model experiments in Phase 2. Following on from PlioMIP Phase 1, Phase 2 will continue to be a mechanism for sampling structural uncertainty within climate models. However, Phase 1 demonstrated the requirement to better understand boundary condition uncertainties as well as uncertainty in the methodologies used for data–model comparison. Therefore, our strategy for Phase 2 is to utilize state-of-the-art boundary conditions that have emerged over the last 5 years. These include a new palaeogeographic reconstruction, detailing ocean bathymetry and land–ice surface topography. The ice surface topography is built upon the lessons learned from offline ice sheet modelling studies. Land surface cover has been enhanced by recent additions of Pliocene soils and lakes. Atmospheric reconstructions of palaeo-CO2 are emerging on orbital timescales, and these are also incorporated into PlioMIP Phase 2. New records of surface and sea surface temperature change are being produced that will be more temporally consistent with the boundary conditions and forcings used within models. Finally we have designed a suite of prioritized experiments that tackle issues surrounding the basic understanding of the Pliocene and its relevance in the context of future climate change in a discrete way.