bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Shot Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block in Total Hip Replacement: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chan Anyon , Ng Tony K. T. , Tang Bruce Y. H.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

Lumbar erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been proposed to relieve pain after total hip replacement (THR), but high-quality evidence is scarce.

METHODS:

This double-blinded (patient and assessor) randomized clinical trial, performed in 2 tertiary centers in Hong Kong, recruited patients undergoing primary unilateral THR under general anesthesia (GA) who received either single-shot ESPB at L1 (treatment arm) or no block (control arm). Patients were followed up on the first day postoperatively. We hypothesized that compared to no block, a single-shot lumbar ESPB at L1 would reduce postoperative fentanyl use and postoperative pain scores. Primary outcomes were intravenous fentanyl use at 12 and 24 hours postoperatively, along with pain intensity in numeric rating scale (0–10) at rest and upon movement on the first day postoperatively. Per-protocol analysis was performed. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the outcomes between both groups, and median difference was derived from the Hodges-Lehmann estimator.

RESULTS:

Seventy-one patients were randomized (n = 36 in treatment arm, n = 35 in control arm). The median amount of fentanyl consumed at 12 hours postoperatively was 210 (quartiles, 140.5–363) μg for the ESPB group and 165 (quartiles, 77.5–330.5) μg for the control group, while at 24 hours postoperatively, it was 409 (quartiles, 221–636.5) μg for the former and 349 (quartiles, 114–626.5) μg for the latter. The median differences in fentanyl consumption 12 and 24 hours postoperatively were 39 μg (95% confidence interval [CI], −40 to 116; P = .463) and 41 μg, respectively (95% CI, −83.5 to 199.5; P = .474), which were statistically insignificant. The median pain score at rest was 3 for both the ESPB group (quartiles, 0–5) and the control group (quartiles, 0–4.5), while upon movement, it was 7 for both the former (quartiles, 6–8) and the latter (quartiles, 4.5–8.5). The median difference in pain scores between both groups was 0 at rest (95% CI, −1 to 1; P = .890) and upon movement (95% CI, −1 to 1; P = .509).

CONCLUSIONS:

This trial did not demonstrate that ESPB at L1 improved analgesia following THR.
Case studies from the experience of early career researchers in East Africa in building community engagement in research
Authors: Bargul Joel L. , Mkwashapi Denna M. , Namagembe Imelda , Nakityo Immaculate , Nakimuli Annettee , Byamugisha Josaphat , Semakula Daniel , Seeley Janet , Sewankambo Nelson K.
Published: August 2022

Background: In this paper, we explain how three early career researchers actively engaged community members in their health research projects in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, and what was learnt from the experience. The research project in Kenya was on camel trypanosomiasis and the role of camel biting keds (or louse flies) in disease transmission. The project in Tanzania looked at the effect of human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy on fertility and ascertained the trends in the use of family planning services amongst women of reproductive age. The focus of the project in Uganda was the implementation of maternal death surveillance and the response policy to determine the cause of maternal deaths and how they might be prevented.

Methods: In the three different settings, efforts to ensure local community engagement provided a focus for the researchers to hone their skills in explaining research concepts and working in partnership with community members to co-develop ideas, their research methods and outputs.

Results: Involvement of communities in scientific research, which entailed a two-way mutual engagement process, led to (i) generation of new research ideas that shaped the work, (ii) strengthened mutual trust, and (iii) promoted uptake of research findings.

Conclusion: Our key findings strongly support the need for considering community engagement as one of the key components in research studies.
Culling and mortality of dairy cows: why it happens and how it can be mitigated
Authors: Yanga Diniso Simamkele , Jaja Ishmael Festus
Published: August 2022

The United Nations estimates that the global population will total 9.7 billion in 2050. Rapid population growth pose a significant obstacle to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly eradicating hunger and poverty. In view of the expanding population growth, food production ideally should triple to prevent massive food shortages. Sustainable food and nutrition security is the focal point of the dairy industry. Dairy production plays a pivotal role in addressing and advancing global food and nutrition security. It serves as a major source of protein, calcium, and phosphorus in many families in developing countries with a fast-growing population. Consequently, the dairy industry is expected to grow by approximately 26% in the next 10 years and produce an estimated 1077 million tonnes of milk by 2050. However, the growth and distribution of the dairy industry is limited by many factors such as culling and mortality of dairy cows. Several studies highlight reproduction failures, old age, poor milk yield, diseases (mastitis, lameness, and dystocia), and heat stress as some reasons for culling of dairy cows. Hence, this review highlights the factors influencing culling and mortality in dairy production farms, and discusses mitigating measures to limit culling.
Nonlinear field-control of terahertz waves in random media for spatiotemporal focusing
Authors: Cecconi Vittorio , Kumar Vivek , Pasquazi Alessia , Totero Gongora Juan Sebastian , Peccianti Marco
Published: August 2022

Controlling the transmission of broadband optical pulses in scattering media is a critical open challenge in photonics. To date, wavefront shaping techniques at optical frequencies have been successfully applied to control the spatial properties of multiple-scattered light. However, a fundamental restriction in achieving an equivalent degree of control over the temporal properties of a broadband pulse is the limited availability of experimental techniques to detect the coherent properties (i.e., the spectral amplitude and absolute phase) of the transmitted field. Terahertz experimental frameworks, on the contrary, enable measuring the field dynamics of broadband pulses at ultrafast (sub-cycle) time scales directly. In this work, we provide a theoretical/numerical demonstration that, within this context, complex scattering can be used to achieve spatio-temporal control of instantaneous fields and manipulate the temporal properties of single-cycle pulses by solely acting on spatial degrees of freedom of the illuminating field. As direct application scenarios, we demonstrate spatio-temporal focusing, chirp compensation, and control of the carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) of a CP-stable, transform-limited THz pulse.
Osmium and OsOx nanoparticles: an overview of syntheses and applications
Authors: Quinson Jonathan
Published: August 2022

Precious metal nanoparticles are key for a range of applications ranging from catalysis and sensing to medicine. While gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles have been widely studied, other precious metals are less investigated. Osmium (Os) is one of the least studied of the precious metals. However, Os nanoparticles are interesting materials since they present unique features compared to other precious metals and Os nanomaterials have been reported to be useful for a range of applications, catalysis or sensing for instance. With the increasing availability of advanced characterization techniques, investigating the properties of relatively small Os nanoparticles and clusters has become easier and it can be expected that our knowledge on Os nanomaterials will increase in the coming years. This review aims to give an overview on Os and Os oxide materials syntheses and applications.
Evolving requirements for materials modelling software and underlying method developments: an inventory and future outlook
Authors: Todorov Ilian
Published: August 2022

This European Materials Modelling Council (EMMC) study provides an outline of the survey intent and ambitions, followed by an analysis of the results and a follow up discussion, focused on the future perspectives of the EMMC. The survey covers materials modelling and characterisation communities in both academia and industry. It provides a profile of the surveyed players in these communities and a scaled measure on their usage of computational methodologies. The survey outcomes include: (i) summary views of the recent as well as perceived future trends of materials modelling and its associated fields, with respect to two focus areas surveyed, Model Development and Software, (ii) the main adoption factors and associated bottlenecks for computational methods and software, (iii) the most targeted materials properties and digital twins approaches, and (iv) the wider communities expectations of how EMMC can help facilitate, fulfil and drive further the European Materials Modelling Roadmap to the benefit of the European Commission’s (ECs’) research and innovation.
Patient satisfaction with mental and physical health services: Findings from a UK-wide online survey
Authors: Kirkham Elizabeth J. , Fletcher-Watson Sue , Beange Iona , Chan Stella W.Y. , Lawrie Stephen M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction - Despite extensive debate surrounding mental health services in the UK, there is little empirical evidence regarding the views of those who use them. We therefore used data collected as part of a wider survey to examine satisfaction amongst those seeking treatment from mental and physical health services.

Methods – An online survey designed with input from people with experience of mental illness was used to measure satisfaction with NHS mental and physical health services at first contact and in the previous 12 months.

Results – A total of 2187 people responded. During the 12 months prior to the survey, 526 respondents had sought mental health care and 1379 had sought physical health care. Participants were significantly more satisfied with their most recent contact with mental health services (48.1% very/satisfied) than with their first contact (38.2% very/satisfied). More than 1 in 10 respondents who sought mental health care (11.4%) stated that they received no treatment/support from the NHS, compared to approximately 1 in 20 respondents who sought physical health care (4.6%). Of those who received the mental health treatment they requested (n = 424), most were satisfied or very satisfied with their care (54.7%), although this was lower than the corresponding figure (77.9%) for satisfaction with physical health care received (n = 1190).

Conclusion –There was evidence that mental health services are satisfactory for a slim majority of users, but people were generally more satisfied with NHS physical health care. This survey was conducted in the year prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Future research could examine what influences satisfaction with care and whether this picture has changed following the emergence of the pandemic and consequent impact on health service delivery and daily life.
Features of the reaction of the kidney function of healthy rats to the intake of boric hydrocarbonate sodium mineral waters of varying quantitative macro- and micro-composition
Authors: Nasibullin B. , Gushcha S. , Аrabadji M. , Stepanova V.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the effect of boron hydrocarbonate sodium mineral waters with a varying quantitative and qualitative composition of macroelements and with different amounts of a bioactive element on the state of the urinary system of rats. Materials and methods. The work was performed on 81 white rats of the Wistar line of auto bred breeding, weighing 180-200 g. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1 - 21 intact rats served as controls; group 2 - 20 rats treated intragastrically with a soft probe MW "Polyana Ploskivskaya" at a dose of 1% of body weight daily, a course of 7 days; group 3 - 20 rats treated with MW "Polyana Kupel" according to the above method; group 4 - 20 rats treated with MW "Svalyava" according to the above process. Before removing the animals from the experiment, daily urine was collected from them; blood was also taken from the tail vein for biochemical studies. At autopsy, pieces of kidneys were taken for histological and histoenzymological studies (the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase was determined). Results. The histological studies showed no pathological changes in the kidneys were observed with the use of the studied boron MW. Still, there were structural changes, as well as an increase in the activity of redox enzymes. Changes in kidney function were unidirectional with using any of the investigated MW. Still, they had quantitative differences, which are less related to the amount of boron (in the form of orthoboric acid) in 1 liter of MW and more dependent on the osmolarity of the MW, the qualitative composition of macronutrients, and their ratio. Conclusion. We believe that osmolarity, as an integrated indicator of the state of the macronutrient component of MW, can be used to assess its effect on the structural and functional characteristics of the kidneys.
Recovery from COVID-19 crisis in public health perspective
Authors: Cianciara Dorota , Szmigiel Andrzej , Pruszyński Jacek
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Assessments of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic so far are negative. They can be summarized as: the world was not prepared, action was insufficient, public and private institutions failed people to protect their health and everyday life. The pandemic highlighted public health weakness.
Purpose. The aim is: (1) to polemic with the comparison of the pandemic to the black swan, (2) to list the negative and positive effects of the pandemic mentioned in the literature, (3) to discuss public health attributes related to counteracting epidemics, and (4) to present ways of recovery after pandemic crisis from a public health perspective.
The state of knowledge. Comparing the COVID-19 pandemic to the black swan is incorrect. The literature describes the negative effects of a pandemic better than its positive effects, but there is a trend to explore unexpected positive effects or the balance of losses and gains. The public health tasks in counteracting epidemics include the development and implementation of preparedness and response plans, pursuit of health equity and fairness and care on the most vulnerable through interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral activities. The literature recommends many solutions to improve the health systems, including public health, and to strengthen the role of public health. They can be assigned to three groups: macro factors related to the political-economic context, meso factors related to the internal principles of the health system functioning and micro factors related to the functioning of the system in relations with users.
Conclusions. Public health is essential to national security. It is up to decision makers, the establishment, citizens and the community to implement the postulates to improve the health and public health system.
Tożsamość konstytucji w kontekście polskich doświadczeń ustrojowych i tradycji konstytucyjnych
Authors: Dębowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2022

THE IDENTITY OF THE CONSTITUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF POLISH CONSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE AND TRADITIONS In the Polish doctrine of constitutional law, the issues related to the identity of the constitution have emerged primarily in the course of discussions concerning the ways of amending that act. This issue was closely related to the evolution of the notion of “constitution” and with the place that the constitution was given in the system of sources of law. Nowadays, this approach does not seem to fully reflect the meaning of the category “identity of the constitution”. The article refers to certain historical experiences related to constitutional changes, and identified in the Polish legislation, starting from the March Constitution of 1921. Polish constitutional experience points to a certain weakness of the assumption of stability of constitutional provisions in the absence of institutional guarantees corresponding to this assumption.
Tożsamość konstytucyjna jako wzorzec i kryterium kontroli w postępowaniu przed Trybunałem Konstytucyjnym (uwagi na marginesie wyroków K 32/09 i P 7/20)
Authors: Ziółkowski Michał
Published: August 2022

CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY AS A STANDARD AND CRITERION OF CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW FOR THE CONSTITUTIONAL TRIBUNAL IN POLAND (A STUDY OF CASES NOS. K 32/09 AND P 7/20) The Polish Constitutional Tribunal used constitutional identity in the Lisbon case for the first time. Since then, identity has become an unexplored concept by the Tribunal. However, it became extensively abused by the captured and curbed Tribunal in 2021, when the Tribunal justified the unconstitutionality of the provisions of the Treaty on European Union. The nature and scale of this abuse provoke a more general question of whether the Tribunal in Poland may use constitutional identity as a point of reference in constitutional review. If the answer is affirmative, another question arises, namely which of the possible and well-known conceptions of constitutional identity could be ready to use by the Tribunal in Poland. To answer the questions, the chapter takes several issues into consideration. The first is possible and contemporary interpretations of constitutional identity. The second is an interpretation that may be doctrinally relevant for the Tribunal in view of the scope of constitutional provisions. The third is the difference with regard to references to identity in case law in 2010 and 2021. The fourth issue is the application of the concept of constitutional standard and concept criterion in constitutional review to the Tribunal’s case law concerning constitutional identity. The chapter has doctrinal and interpretive nature and discusses details of Polish constitutional law.
Czy Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej zawiera normy niezmienialne? Rozważania na tle pojęcia tożsamości konstytucyjnej
Authors: Kielan Bartosz
Published: August 2022

DOES THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND CONTAIN ANY UNCHANGEABLE PROVISIONS? CONSIDERATIONS IN THE LIGHT OF THE CONCEPT OF CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY The main purpose of the chapter is to show that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland contains some unchangeable provisions. The source of their unchangeability should be sought in the concept of constitutional identity. To extract these provisions from the Polish Constitution, the author uses the concepts of the unchangeable core of the constitution and the implied prohibitions to amend the constitution. The author also uses the achievements of Polish and foreign doctrine of constitutional law and the jurisprudence of foreign courts. As a consequence, the author argues that the provisions specified in art. 2, art. 4 sec. 1, art. 5, art. 10 sec. 1, art. 20, art. 30 and art. 235 of the Polish Constitution, as well as the rule of civil society and those of human and civil rights and freedoms that are most closely related to the human dignity, are unchangeable. Apart from them, in the author’s opinion, it is also unacceptable to change provisions that are not unchangeable, but whose amendment would violate various unchangeable provisions. The article also discusses the issues of cognition of the Constitutional Tribunal for examining the substantive compliance of amendments to the constitution with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
Przydatność pojęcia tożsamości konstytucyjnej dla prawa międzynarodowego publicznego
Authors: Helińska Lena
Published: August 2022

THE USEFULNESS OF THE NOTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY FOR PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW The text considers the question whether constitutional identity can be a useful notion for public international law. Problems with references to the notion developed by the doctrine of constitutional law are paired with examples of situations in which similar tendencies can be observed on the international plane. The author takes a critical standpoint – not only because of difficulties linked to the creation of international legal norms on the basis of constitutional identity, but also due to lack of a clear need for introduction of such a notion.
Transnarodowe tożsamości konstytucyjne w globalnym świecie. W kierunku realistycznej i krytycznej perspektywy analizy
Authors: Zyzik Kamil A.
Published: August 2022

TRANSNATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITIES IN A GLOBAL WORLD. TOWARDS A REALIST AND CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ANALYSIS The chapter presents a conception of analysis of constitutional identities derived from studies on social institutions. It builds upon existing conceptions of constitutional identity (as reconstructed from legal text and discourse surrounding the constitution) and a hypothesis of a possibility of forming a transnational constitutional identity. The chapter assesses limitations these conceptions may face due to the complexity of global power structures, as well as problems of value pluralism and cultural diversity. A realist and critical perspective of study is proposed, understood as a conceptual and empirical analysis of relations between discrete communities and adequate institutional norms of a constitutional nature (both state-derived and not).
Praxis and process meet halfway: The convergence of sociological and cognitive approaches in translation studies
Authors: Risku Hanna , Rogl Regina
Published: August 2022

In translation studies, a range of different approaches and traditions has emerged to explain the numerous factors that influence the translation decision process. While the sociology and cultural studies approaches look at the social practices in and around translation, their psychology and cognitive sciences counterparts concentrate on the cognitive processes. In this paper, we analyse and discuss two claims in particular, namely (1) that some sociological and cognitive approaches in translation studies are converging with respect to accounting for the factors that influence translation decision processes, and (2) that these approaches complement each other well, since the former increasingly take account of the individual within the social and societal dimensions, and the latter expand the focus from the individual to the extra-individual and social dimensions. We retrace the various theoretical frameworks that have been used to describe translation as a process that is embedded in a set of norms, social fields or actor networks. We then compare these primarily sociological frameworks to the distributed cognition approach developed in the cognitive sciences. Based on a discussion of the compatibilities and incompatibilities between actor-network theory and distributed cognition, we demonstrate ways of making this debate productive for translation studies research. To back up this primarily theoretical discussion, we take a closer look at two examples from our own empirical research on work processes in translation project management.
Spoiled for choice? Uncertainty facing options in translation
Authors: Martín de León Celia , María Cardona Guerra José
Published: August 2022

Uncertainty is inherent to translating. Texts tend to have many valid renditions, and the outcome of a translation can never be fully anticipated. This study investigates the relationship between uncertainty in translation and the range of options available to translation students. To do so, we applied Muñoz & Cardona’s (2019) approach to task segmentation and pause analysis to study translation processes in 19 translation trainees working on the same source text with a key-logger. We identified 10 potential hesitation indicator types in the key-logged processes. Target texts were then scrutinized using choice network analysis (Campbell, 2000) in order to identify and quantify the choices made by the participants. The relationship between the quantified hesitation indicators and the number of options for each segment was explored, and no correlation was found between them. Participants did not always hesitate between all available options, their decisions did not always determine further ones in a linear way, and indecision sometimes remained after the end of the process. The results suggest that decision making processes in translation cannot be fruitfully approached as games with complete information, but they could be explained from a broader perspective that accounts for risk taking and incomplete information.
Reconceptualizing breaks in translation: Breaking down or breaking through?
Authors: Angelone Erik , Marín García Álvaro
Published: August 2022

Various observable on-screen translator behaviors, such as extended pauses in activity, mouse hovering, cycling through tabs/windows, and different kinds of scrolling, all common occurrences during task completion, have been regarded as potential problem indicators (cf. Angelone, 2018). Their presence is often attributed to a breakdown in declarative and/or procedural knowledge at a concrete problem nexus (Angelone and Shreve, 2011). Inspired by recent translation process research on aspects of cognitive ergonomics, pause-related cognitive rhythms (Muñoz and Cardona, 2018), and Kussmaul’s notion of parallel activity in the translation process (1995), we re-examine such phenomena through a different lens. We propose these phenomena may represent the loci of volitional, potentially strategic breaks rather than problem indicators per se. That is, the breaks observed are not necessarily linked to specific problems, but rather to subjects’ cognitive resource management. Our findings suggest that apparently random behaviors, seemingly unrelated to the task, generally have a positive impact on performance from both process and product perspectives. We refer to these breaks as instances of cognitive suspension, and, based on our findings, propose that translators engage in them as a refresh mechanism when performance has either waned or runs the risk of doing so. We start by examining cognitive suspension in terms of types and scope. This is followed by an empirical analysis of its direct impact on translation performance, as established by number of errors, number of generated characters, and number of typos within established windows (areas of interest) that precede and follow its occurrence.
Fun Shopping: A Randomized Field Experiment on Gamification
Authors: Ho Yi-Jen (Ian) , Liu Siyuan , Wang Lei
Published: August 2022

Spotlight

Gamification is an emerging digital strategy to engage users across different business domains. Gamification, defined as using game-design elements in nongaming contexts, shows great potential across domains such as education, business, and health. The significance of gamification is highlighted by a $7.17 billion global market in 2019 and is projected to reach more than $40 billion by 2024. This study examines two popular badges and leaderboards that utilize self-determination and social-comparison mechanisms to promote user engagement. We conduct a randomized field experiment (A/B testing) to quantify these effects in one of the largest shopping malls in Asia and further contrast the two games against coupons regarding various shopping outcomes. Quantitatively, badging and leaderboarding promote sales by 21.5% and 22.5% in the treatment period, respectively, whereas couponing delivers a more potent effect of 31.7%. In the posttreatment period, the gamification impacts remain significant, whereas the influence of couponing fades out. Besides, the additional analyses document the salient heterogeneous treatment effects across gender, age, and income. We also zoom in on the contrast between badges and leaderboards, showing that badging is a balanced tool for attracting the general public and leaderboarding is a double-edged sword that could encourage self-reinforcing or self-banishing. Finally, gamification encourages consumers to do more exploration, leading to significant increases in sales.
Short Communication: Evaluation of F6 generation of upland rice promising lines for drought stress tolerance
Authors: MUSTIKARINI ERIES DYAH , LESTARI TRI , SANTI RATNA , PRAYOGA GIGIH IBNU , CAHYA ZIKRI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Mustikarini ED, Lestari T, Santi R, Prayoga GI, Cahya Z. 2022. Short Communication: Evaluation of F6 generation of upland rice promising lines for drought stress tolerance. Biodiversitas 23: 3401-3406. Water is important in metabolic processes affecting rice crop growth and development. Drought stress can decrease rice production, necessitating the development ofdrought-tolerant varieties. Selection of drought-tolerant can be done during the critical period plant booting phase. Thisresearch aimed to determine promising linesof upland rice tolerant to drought stress. This research was conducted from December 2019 toMay 2020 at the experimental farmofthe Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, Universitas Bangka Belitung. The research was laid out in a completely randomized design with a single-factortreatment. The treatment was rice genotypes consisting of 10 lines and 2 checkvarieties; each was 3 replicates. The results showed that the droughtstressin the plant booting phase of rice plants significantly affected the plant heigh character of the plant, grains number per panicle, the weight of grain per panicle, the age of flowering, and harvest time, but gave no significant effect on the number of leaves, the number of productive tillers, roots length. The upland rice lines 23A-56-30-25-1, 23A-56-30-25-12, and 23A-56-30-25-13 showed good drought stress tolerance based on leaf rolling, leaf drying, crop yield, and plant growth percentage.
Morphological variations and molecular phylogeny of Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 (Ricefish) from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: ZAINAL SYECH , TELLU ANDI TANRA , KASIM AMIRUDDIN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Zainal S, Tellu AT, Kasim A. 2022. Morphological variations and molecular phylogeny of Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 (Ricefish) from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3443-3451. Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 is a well-studied species endemic to Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia and identified as scarce. This study aims to describe the morphological variation and phylogeny of Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted in February 2022. 10 samples were collected and preserved on 95% ethanol for morphological analysis and molecular purposes. Our morphological analysis showed that the meristic counts, morphometric measurement, and phylogenetic analysis also resolved that the samples that were analyzed are indeed an endemic species of O. sarasinorum from Lake Lindu. Finally, we expect there are future studies that pay attention to well-resolved phylogenies and thereby remove additional noise from the analysis. The research data are expected to contribute to the preservation and utilization of one of Indonesia's important biodiversity resources.
Screening for extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bacteria isolated from Al-Halfaya oil field reservoirs in Missan province, Iraq
Authors: ALSHAMI HASAN GHALI ABDULHASAN , AL-TAMIMI WIJDAN H. , HATEET RASHID RAHIM
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Alshami HGA, Al-Tamimi WH, Hateet RR. 2022. Screening for extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bacteria isolated from Al-Halfaya oil field reservoirs in Missan province, Iraq. Biodiversitas 23: 3462-3470. Microorganisms that live in deep environments are thought to be adapted to the conditions of these environments and possess enzymatic systems that can be useful in scientific and commercial applications. The study aimed to isolate, identify, and screening of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-producing bacteria from five samples of produced water of the Al-Halfaya oil field reservoirs in Missan governorate, Iraq. The results revealed a total of 22 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified by morphological features and amplification of the 16S rDNA gene. The isolates are belonging to nine species, including Bacillus cereus strain DBA1.1, Bacillus thuringiensis strain MSP51, Neobacillus drentensis strain ROA042, Enterococcus faecalis strain 2674, Exiguobacterium mexicanum strain AB201, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strain KP18-31, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae strain 2437, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain IOB-L, and Acinetobacter lwoffii strain K34. The Gram-positive bacteria were the most dominant (55.56%), and the most frequent isolate was Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strain KP18-31 (63.64%). Six species out of nine species were recognized as AgNPs producing bacteria and B. cereus strain DBA1 was the best and most potent isolate in the synthesis of AgNPs. The phylogenetic tree was constructed depending on 16S rDNA gene sequences to determine the evolutionary relationship among the isolated bacteria.
The insights of smallholder farmers on special attributes of the genetically robust mule
Authors: DESTA TAKELE TAYE , TEKLEMARIAM HAIMANOT , MULUGETA TEWODROS
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Desta TT, Teklemariam H, Mulugeta T. 2022. The insight of smallholder farmers on special attributes of the genetically robust mule. Biodiversitas 23: 3561-3566. A mule (Equus asinus X Equus caballus) is the offspring of a jack, a mature male donkey, and a mare, a mature female horse. Mule is the artifact of distant hybridization, and interspecific breeding has endowed mule with appreciable hardiness. In the history of humans, mule breeding represents a novel undying, and successful traditional biotechnology. This qualitative study reports the advantages and disadvantages of using mules as working and riding equid and insights of smallholder farmers on mule’s behavior and robustness. For most of the socio-economically important traits reported mule surpasses both the parental species, donkey and horse. This superiority is most likely associated with the genetic robustness of mules aroused from interspecific hybridization. It was reported that a mare mule is more intelligent, and quite the opposite, it is more aggressive than its male counterpart. Presumably, X-inactivation in distant hybrid animals like mules possessing heterologous X-chromosomes is suppressed; consequently, some of the X-chromosome genes might be escaped the inactivation process which makes the mare mule produce more of the protein products and surpass its male counterpart. The general sterility of mare mule may have also made it to invest virtually none in the costly task, nurturing of offspring. Mule's sterility and aggression make some of the community members develop negative insights. Regardless of this, the mule is highly appreciated for the various services it deliverstothe rural community.
Proline-related gene expressions contribute to physiological changes of East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia) local rice cultivars during drought stress
Authors: SALSINHA YUSTINA CAROLINA FEBRIANTI , NURBAITI SITI , SEBASTIAN ALFINO , INDRADEWA DIDIK , PURWESTRI YEKTI ASIH , RACHMAWATI DIAH
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Salsinha YCF, Nurbaiti S, Sebastian A, Indradewa D, Purwestri YA, Rachmawari D. 2022. Proline-related gene expressions contribute to physiological changes of East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia) local rice cultivars during drought stress. Biodiversitas 23: 3573-3583. An osmoregulation response is one of the mechanisms of adaptation to drought stress. Concerning the synthesis and catabolism of proline as an osmoprotectant, this research aims to study the involvement of proline in regulating physiological change in local rice cultivars from Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Indonesia. Five rice cultivars consisting of Ciherang (drought susceptible) and Situ Bagendit (drought tolerant) and three local rice cultivars, namely Gogo Jak (GJ), Kisol Manggarai (KM), and Boawae Seratus Malam (BSM) were used. Drought treatments were carried out using the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) with control (FTSW 1) and severe drought (FTSW 0.2). The upregulation of OsP5CS and OsP5CR as proline synthesis genes in GJ leaves led to higher proline levels. At the KM cultivar, there was an upregulation of OsPRODH related to proline catabolism. Furthermore, OsNHX1, responsible for proline transport, was higher in the GJ cultivar. The presence of proline also correlated with physiological adaptations. Proline accumulation due to the activation of proline-related gene expressions caused less physiological changes and antioxidant activity reduction and has led to maximum water absorption during a severe drought in the BSM cultivar. The analysis showed non-significant decreased levels of chlorophyll-a and increased levels of chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and anthocyanins of drought-tolerant cultivars lead to higher leaf number, plant height, and tiller number under drought. Meanwhile, varied activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) were observed in line with the slight increase in H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels during severe drought.
Agroecosystem complexity of Surjan and Lembaran as local farming systems effects on biodiversity of pest insects
Authors: TRISNAWATI DINA WAHYU , NURKOMAR IHSAN , ANANDA LISA KAWISPA , BUCHORI DAMAYANTI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Trisnawati DW, Nurkomar I, Ananda LK, Buchori D. 2022. Agroecosystem complexity of Surjan and Lembaran as local farming systems effects on biodiversity of pest insects. Biodiversitas 23: 3619-3629. Farming systems can influence the diversity and abundance of insect pests. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Surjan and Lembaran farming systems on the diversity and abundance of insect pests in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The field survey was conducted in three Surjan paddy fields and three Lembaran paddy fields in Panjatan Subdistrict, Kulon Progo Regency. The sampling of pests was collected using four kinds of traps, such as sweeping net, yellow sticky trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap. The traps were set twice in the vegetative phase and twice in the generative phase. The results showed that the abundance of pests in Surjan paddy fields was not different from that in Lembaran paddy fields. However, the number of pest species in Surjan paddy fields was higher than in Lembaran paddy fields. In addition, the structure and composition of pests in both farming systems were significantly different. Hemiptera was the most common insect in both farming systems, with dominant pest species of Nephotettix virescens and Nilaparvata lugens.
Aquatic biodiversity in a pond on the airport landside areas through environmental DNA metabarcoding: Implementation for Aviation Security Management
Authors: PRIYONO DWI SENDI , REZA AKBAR , EPRILURAHMAN RURY , YUDHA DONAN SATRIA , MUFTI FARADINA , FAUZY NOORMAN HENDRY , Triyono Raden Bambang , ADHI PANGGIH KURNIA
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Priyono DS, Reza A, Eprilurahman R, Yudha DS, Mufti D, Fauzy NH, Triyono RB, Adhi PK. 2022. Aquatic biodiversity in a pond on the airport landside areas through environmental DNA metabarcoding: Implementation for Aviation Security Management. Biodiversitas 23: 3639-3646. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a widely used tool for aquatic biodiversity monitoring, as well as for formulating effective landscape management strategies. Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA), Indonesia, has a green belt landscape located on the Indian Ocean coast. YIA's landscape biodiversity analysis is still unexplored. Herein, we first used high throughput sequencing DNA metabarcoding to identify and investigate aquatic biodiversity in a pond on the airport landside areas. The metabarcoding eDNA sequencing analysis yielded 224,737 raw reads from the metagenomics utilizing Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We identified 588 eukaryote species from 205 families and 300 genera. Actinopteri is the most dominant class with a diversity of 160 taxa, followed by Mammalia (88), Amphibia (60), and Chlorophyceae (25). At the order level, Anura has the highest order diversity (50), followed by Rodentia (31), Chiroptera (17), Eulipotyphla (16), Squamata (15), and Cypriniformes (14). We found that Plasmodium was the genus with the highest relative abundance in this pond (18,030 reads). Furthermore, the large variety of fish and other taxa in this pond may attract waterbirds, increasing the risk of bird strike. The abundance of Plasmodium sp. in this airport area is an important issue, especially regarding airport malaria risk. Integration of biodiversity monitoring using eDNA with aviation security management provides valuable information for the airport's wildlife hazard management plan. To prevent the recurrence of bird strikes and prevent airport malaria, aviation security strategies utilizing habitat management approaches are recommended.
Antibacterial and phytochemical constituent of Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen extract, an endemic ginger from Wallacea Region, Indonesia
Authors: ANDILA PUTRI SRI , NUGROHO LAURENTIUS HARTANTO
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Andila PS, Nugroho LH. 2022. Antibacterial and phytochemical constituent of Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen extract, an endemic ginger from Wallacea Region, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3646-3658. Etlingera rubroloba (Blume) AD Poulsen is one of the wild species of the Zingiberaceae which is a native and endemic species in the Wallacea region and has not been studied well for its biology and phytochemical potential. This study aimed to investigate the potential antibacterial activity of hexane extract from the leaves and rhizome of E. rubroloba and study their phytochemical content. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by the agar disc diffusion method against several human pathogenic bacteria and be measured for the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Zone of inhibition. The phytochemical profile was tested for total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and GC-MS analysis. The study results show that TPC of E. rubroloba extracts respectively 15.68±0.80 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g sample (leaves) and 11.89±0.76 mg GAE/g sample (rhizomes), while TFC value were 33.99±2.24 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/g sample (leaves) and 32.46±0.67 mg QE/g sample (rhizomes). The antibacterial test revealed that E. rubroloba extracts were effective against Bacillus cereus ATCC11778 (with MIC value 0.5 mg/mL using leaves extract and 1 mg/mL in rhizomes), but it was not effective against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228. The hexane extracts of E. rubroloba contained a total of 28 and 58 compounds were identified in the leaf extract and rhizome, respectively. The dominant compounds in the leaf extract (Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester; Methyl stearate) and in the rhizome extract (Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; Isopropyl myristate; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester; 9,12- Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E,E)-) is well known to have antibacterial activity. Based on the results of the antibacterial and phytochemical studies, it can be suggested that E. rubroloba has the potential as an antibacterial agent.
Comparative anatomical study of leaves for twelve Indonesian woody plant species
Authors: DAMAIYANI JANIS , FIQA ABBAN PUTRI , RINDYASTUTI RIDESTI , LESTARI DEWI AYU , RAHADIANTORO APRIYONO , YULISTYARINI TITUT
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Damaiyani J, Fiqa AP, Rindyastuti R, Lestari DA, Rahadiantoro A, Yulistyarini T. 2022. Comparative anatomical study of leaves for twelve Indonesian woody plant species. Biodiversitas 23: 3744-3754. Foliar epidermal and stomatal features are widely used as plant microscopic traits either from taxonomic or ecological standpoints. The studies on woody plants in the Malesian region which serve as the essential component of tropical ecosystems are still limited. Here we conduct a comparative study on stomatal and epidermal features of twelve important woody plant species from Indonesia using a descriptive method based on the Light Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope micrographs. The shape, size and stomatal type were revealed in all species studied. Moreover, quantitative features were measured including epidermal cell length and width, solidity (S), aspect ratio (AR), and stomatal index (SI). The study results showed a variation in foliar epidermal and stomatal traits across the species studied. Due to the presence of trichomes and waxes on the abaxial side, not all species can be measured for their stomatal index and epidermal cells. Syzygium polyanthum has the highest stomatal index and cells with complex interlocking shapes, which provide an effective strategy for reducing mechanical stress on epidermal cell walls, making this native species predicted to adapt well when it was planted in habitats with similar environmental conditions.
What about a sister wife? Reasons for considering polygyny among Salafis in Switzerland
Authors: Menzfeld Mira
Published: August 2022

The article describes why some male and female Swiss Salafi converts support polygynous marriages. Against this background, it provides insights into how specific cultural models of partnerships that differ drastically from the majority society’s expectations can be managed. Swiss Salafis live in a society and legislative system that restrict polygynous civil marriage, especially religiously grounded polygyny. Drawing on Shore’s concept of cultural models, I will show how Salafi converts navigate partially contradictory relationship models by reconstructing their thoughts and feelings during the selection process of possible second wives or of already married men. Three case studies are presented, stemming from participant observations in 2019 in Switzerland.
How apprehensions impact policy implementation: a comparison of Dutch and French campaigns on street harassment
Authors: Dekker Mischa
Published: August 2022

Although we often speak about a global increase in awareness and policy on street harassment, in France, the issue was incorporated into a gender-based violence policy subsector, while Dutch policymakers avoided vocabularies pertaining to structural male domination. Differences in governmental campaigns on street harassment were the result not only of policymakers’ positive convictions, but also of their ‘apprehensions’. Apprehension of ‘moralising’ led to resistance against and decline of feminism in the Netherlands, while apprehension of ‘stigmatising’ men of colour informed campaigns in France. This notion is proposed as an alternative to that of ‘blame avoidance’, which reduces policymakers’ avoidance behaviour to the logic of instrumental strategy. An analysis of apprehensions is attentive to how ideas shape social action: policy implementation cannot be reduced to the mechanical reproduction of policy paradigms, but is often the product of policymakers’ reflective choices in the policies they do and do not want to pursue.