bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal techniques and legal technology: the complex nature of the interaction
Authors: Mal’ko Alexander V.
Published: July 2022

The article examines the nature of the interaction of legal technology and legal technology, analyzes international experience on the regulation of the practical application of this toolkit. Legal technology is a special branch of scientific knowledge, with the help of which transformations in law are carried out and it is possible to plan processes for achieving legal prospects in order to implement the most effective and systematic legal practice. The authors theoretically substantiate the process-instrumental nature of legal activity and show that at each stage, stage, certain legal and technical resources are consistently applied. It is possible to deliberately influence legal validity if one chooses not only the type of legal activity, specific procedural and procedural actions, but also correctly selected resources of legal technology. The need for technological support is especially acute when it is necessary to influence complex legal entities in order to optimize management decisions and reduce legal risks from technical and legal and legal technological errors. The authors conclude that one of the significant reasons for the vulnerability of legal activity is the unresolved issue of normative regulation of the requirements of legal technology and the lack of synchronization between legal technology and technology. In this regard, the phenomena associated with the growth of defects in law, a decrease in the technical and legal quality of legislation and the growth of legal anomalies are exacerbated. A significant strategic task is the active interaction of legal policy and legal technology, which will provide the prerequisites for moving to a new level of legal development design. In this aspect, legal technology allows you to implement strategic tasks, create the necessary legal reality. Promising authors see the use of modern information technologies in the legal sphere, which will positively affect the growth of the quality of the legal life of society, the protection of rights and freedoms, ensuring a stable law and order and national security of Russia.
Legal doctrine as a source of law in Russia and Bulgaria: comparative aspects
Authors: Vasiliev Anton A.
Published: July 2022

The article examines the comparative aspects of the use of legal doctrine as the source of law in Russia and Bulgaria. The authors analyze the approaches to determination the place of legal doctrine in the system of sources of law and offer the definition of the “legal doctrine”. Also, the authors highlight the merits of recognizing legal doctrine as the source of law, but emphasize the potential danger of excessive ideologization of the legal system. Authors conclude that it is obligatory to consolidate the legal doctrine as the source of law, defining the conditions for its operation and establishing the place in the hierarchy of sources of law.
A.N. Savenkov. Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace
Authors: Miklashevich Petr P.
Published: July 2022

In the conditions of the modern world order, there is often a distortion of historical events, the desire to interpret the results of the Second World War in different ways, in which the Nurnberg process is of key importance. A.N. Savenkov’s peer-reviewed monograph “Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace” is a fundamental cross-sectoral study aimed at preserving historical memory and historical truth in modern conditions, popularizing legal approaches developed by the Nuremberg Tribunal. The author conducts a systematic analysis of the historical, political, economic and legal prerequisites of the Second World War. Within the framework of the historical approach, A.N. Savenkov explores the genesis of the Nuremberg trial in order to neutralize the argument of critics of the results of the Nuremberg Tribunal about the insufficient legal validity of its conduct. Special attention is paid by the author to the study of the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the principles enshrined in it, which had a huge impact on the formation of the modern system of International Law.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG PEMBERIAN VAKSIN COVID-19 DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI TIUNG KECAMATAN CEMPAKA KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Fauziah Erna , Mariana Evi Risa , Sajidah Ainun
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK:  Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) adalah jenis virus baru yang menyerang imunitas tubuh serta dapat menyebabkan kematian. Virus menyebar sangat cepat di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, menempatkan Indonesia berada di posisi tertinggi pada kawasan Asia Tenggara dan nomor ketiga di Asia. Seiring naiknya kasus positif COVID-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah harus segera mengambil kebijakan tegas agar kasus penularan penyakit ini menjadi berkurang. Kebijakan tersebut salah satunya adalah pemberian vaksin kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat tentang pemberian vaksin COVID-19 di Kelurahan Sungai Tiung Kecamatan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, mendeskripsikan data persepsi dari masyarakat berdasarkan usia, pendidikan dan pekerjaan tentang vaksin COVID-19. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang berada di RT.14/004 Kelurahan Sungai Tiung Kecamatan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru dengan menggunakan teknik probability sampling, yaitu simple random sampling, didapat 50 orang yang bersedia menjadi responden. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pesepsi masyarakat tentang pemberian vaksin COVID-19 berdasarkan usia masih ada yang memiliki persepsi negatif sebanyak 4 orang (8%), pesepsi masyarakat tentang pemberian vaksin COVID-19 berdasarkan pendidikan masih ada yang memiliki persepsi negatif sebanyak 1 orang (2%) dan pesepsi masyarakat tentang pemberian vaksin COVID-19 berdasarkan pekerjaan masih ada yang memiliki persepsi negatif sebanyak 9 orang (18%).

Oleh karena itu, peneliti menyarankankan kepada pihak puskemas khususnya bagian promosi kesehatan agar lebih meningkatkan sosialisasi dan edukasi tentang penularan COVID-19 dan manfaat vaksin COVID-19.

Kata Kunci   : Persepsi Masyarakat, Vaksin COVID-19
Edible insects – a new trend in Functional Food Science
Authors: Iriti Marcello , Vitalini Sara
Published: July 2022

Population growth, rising global food demand, and environmental concerns related to (animal) food production have indicated the use of edible insects as a sustainable and healthy food source. However, despite edible insects being considered a novel food in Western countries, entomophagy is a traditional food habit in many human cultures and ethnic groups. Many preclinical studies have highlighted the health benefits of edible insects and their bioactive compounds, although evidence in humans is still limited. Therefore, further clinical studies are urgently needed for the exploitation of edible insects as functional foods.Keywords: novel food; nutraceuticals; bioactive compounds; healthy diet; sustainability; traditional food; food security
The Importance of Establishing a Meritocracy System in Sports Organizations
Authors: Yarmohammadi-Monfared Saeid , Naghizade-Baghi Abbas , Moharamzade Mehrdad , Azizian-Kohan Nasrin
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this review article was to review and explain the importance of establishing a meritocracy system in sports organizations. Various databases in 2021 were used to collect information and access the results of the latest research. A search of keywords in these sites found 95 related articles. By further reviewing the articles and removing the useless and old articles from the study cycle, 54 articles were approved and used. The author studied and reviewed the content, extracted concepts, and the most important findings of research and meta-analysis. Evidence suggests a lack of meritocracy culture and over-emphasis on evidence and centralism, centralized management, bureaucracy, instability in managerial careers, reliance on quantity and short-term goals, traditional management practices, indifference to research, indifference to managers’ performance, and such issues have been one of the most important challenges in establishing a meritocracy system in organizations. Managers of sports organizations must have competencies such as knowledge of business rules and processes, knowledge of sports rules, supervision and management of human resources, communication skills and public relations and technology, technical skills in the field of sports, personal and ethical characteristics, economy and finance leadership and management skills, intelligence and political awareness.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Aquatic and Terrestrial Animals Resulted from Anthropogenic Activities in Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Khairunnash , Iqhrammullah Muhammad , Rizki Diva Rayyan , Aulia Aulia , Mairizal Aulia Qisthi , Purnama Agnia , Qanita Intan , Abdulmadjid SN , Puspita Kana
Published: July 2022

Hazardous metal pollution has raised a global concern to its increasing trend in response to industrial growth. As an emerging economy, Indonesia starts to receive a backlash of increasing anthropogenic activities resulting in higher emission of heavy metal pollutants. Heavy metals are non-biodegradable pollutants and toxic to humans and other living organisms. Herein, we have reviewed published investigations on the contamination of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Hg, Ni, Cd, Zn and As) in aquatic and terrestrial animals, attributed to anthropogenic activities in Indonesia. Some reports found the contamination levels have surpassed the tolerable limits of international standards. Most of the research was conducted in the industrial area, indicating that the heavy metal released into the environment can reach the human body through the food chain. A report in a non-industrial area suspected the contamination to be originated from the chain of anthropogenic activities (fertiliser industry—agriculture—livestock industry).
Operational Constraints on Flight Navigation due to Fog and Consequent Economic Implications at the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Authors: Chandu Kavitha , Dharma Raju A. , Kumar S.V.J. , Dasari Madhava Prasad , Reddy Y.K.
Published: July 2022

Fog is a frequent deterrent during the winter season. The reduction in horizontal visibility and other adverse conditions results in flight delays, cancellations, and flight de-route/diversions, leading to economic implications for rescheduling plans by the air-travellers. Clear skies, calm/light winds, a good amount of relative humidity, and fall in temperatures due to radiation cooling during winter nights are conducive. The intensity and duration of fog constrain flight operations. In the light of a fair number of fog occurrences compelling flight delays and diversions over Hyderabad Airport (RGIA, Shamshabad), the present study is undertaken to analyse the meteorological aspects of fog, and its frequency, duration, and economic implications. During the period 2014-2019, 74 instances of fog occurrence were recorded over the RGIA. The majority of the incidents (45.9%) were shallow fog events. The dense fog (2) and very dense fog (1) events were rare. Maximum fog occurrences (26 out of 74 events) were reported in December. The onset of fog was observed between 1800 UTC and 0400 UTC, while most of them (43.2%) occurred between 0000 UTC and 0200 UTC. Most of the fog events lasted up to 1 hour, and there were six instances of fog lasting between 2-3 hrs.
Evaluation of Groundwater Quality by Water Quality Index During Successive Periodic Intervals in the Selected Villages of Gara Mandal of Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Rao Vaddi Dhilleswara , Rao Mushini Venkata Subba
Published: July 2022

The quality of groundwater is assessed using the Water Quality Index method and it is pertinently helpful to transfer the complex data into usable data. In this research study the WQI values have been estimated for each water sample (in total, 66 samples have been collected) based on 9 water quality parameters at periodic intervals in May 2015, 2016 and 2017 in the villages of Gara Mandal of Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh. The overall results disclosed that 50-54% of the groundwater samples (WQI lies between 100-200) showed poor quality and 10-13% of water samples (WQI lies between 200-300) showed very poor quality in successive periodic intervals. An assessment of measured physicochemical parameters of 66 sample sites has shown that the majority of the groundwater samples have a high concentration of calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride and sulfate ions beyond the desirable limits of BIS and WHO standards. Correlation matrix show a strong positive correlation existing between the calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride and sulfate ions pointing out that groundwater in this region has been contaminated more by these components due to anthropogenic activities and over-exploitation. Hence, in the study region, suitable treatment of water is necessary before consumption, this is because maximum parts of the sampling points have a high WQI value.
Corporate Sustainable Development – Motives, Steps, Challenges and the Role of HR
Authors: Sode Raghavendra , Chenji Kalaa
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to develop a framework to transform conventional businesses into sustainable businesses by understanding the motives, challenges for sustainability, and the role of HR in incorporating sustainability in the organisation. The steps of the framework include formulating the sustainability strategy, altering the systems to support sustainability, implementing the sustainability strategy, measuring sustainability, and reporting sustainable development. The framework will help organisations to transform their business models into sustainable business models.
Combined HPV 16 E2 and L1 methylation predict response to treatment with cidofovir and imiquimod in patients with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Hurt Christopher Nicholas , Nedjai Belinda , Alvarez-Mendoza Carlos , Powell Ned , Tristram Amanda , Jones Sadie
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Topical cidofovir and imiquimod can effectively treat approximately 55% of patients with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), thus avoiding the need for surgery. Human papillomavirus (HPV) E⁢2 gene methylation predicts response to treatment but a methylation measurement is only obtainable in approximately 50% of patients. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to determine if the applicability and predictive power of the E⁢2 methylation assay could be improved by combining it with the components of a host and viral DNA methylation panel (S5) that has been found to predict disease progression in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS: HPV E2 methylation and S5 classifier score were measured in fresh tissue samples collected pre-treatment from 132 patients with biopsy-proven VIN grade 3 who participated in a multicentre clinical trial and were randomised to treatment with cidofovir or imiquimod. RESULTS: Combining HPV16 E⁢2 and HPV16 L⁢1 methylation provides a biomarker that is both predictive of response to topical treatment and that can produce a clinically applicable result for all patients. Patients with HPV 16 L⁢1ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎand HPV 16 E⁢2ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ (36/132 (27.3%)) were more likely to respond to treatment with cidofovir (12/15 (80.0%)) than imiquimod (9/21 (42.9%)) (p= 0.026). Patients with HPV 16 L⁢1𝑙𝑜𝑤or HPV 16 E⁢2𝑙𝑜𝑤 (including those with no HPV/unassessable methylation) were more likely to respond to imiquimod: 23/50 (46.0%) vs 31/46 (67.4%) (p= 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Combined HPV E⁢2 and L⁢1 methylation is a potential predictive marker in treatment for all patients with VIN. These findings justify validation in a prospective trial.
APE January 2022: Inclusive research and the Global South
Authors: Schemm Ylann
Published: July 2022

This paper is based upon a presentation during a panel session on Inclusion, Diversity and Equity in Scholarly Communication at the 17th APE Conference. It highlights some of the initiatives on inclusive research that Elsevier has initiated or supports, such as the Joint commitment for action on inclusion and diversity in publishing, Research4Life, Elsevier’s Inclusion & Diversity Board, and the Elsevier Foundation. This paper stresses the importance of continuing and evolving these strong partnerships to create a more inclusive research culture for the Global South.
Association Between Cognition, Health Related Quality of Life, and Costs in a Population at Risk for Cognitive Decline
Authors: Janssen Niels , Handels Ron L. , Wimo Anders , Antikainen Riitta , Laatikainen Tiina , Soininen Hilkka , Strandberg Timo , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Kivipelto Miia , Evers Silvia M.A.A. , Verhey Frans R.J. , Ngandu Tiia
Published: July 2022

Background: The association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and care costs in people at risk for cognitive decline is not well understood. Studying this association could reveal the potential benefits of increasing HRQoL and reducing care costs by improving cognition. Objective: In this exploratory data analysis we investigated the association between cognition, HRQoL utilities and costs in a well-functioning population at risk for cognitive decline. Methods: An exploratory data analysis was conducted using longitudinal 2-year data from the FINGER study (n = 1,120). A change score analysis was applied using HRQoL utilities and total medical care costs as outcome. HRQoL utilities were derived from the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36). Total care costs comprised visits to a general practitioner, medical specialist, nurse, and days at hospital. Analyses were adjusted for activities of daily living (ADL) and depressive symptoms. Results: Although univariable analysis showed an association between cognition and HRQoL utilities, multivariable analysis showed no association between cognition, HRQoL utilities and total care costs. A one-unit increase in ADL limitations was associated with a -0.006 (p < 0.001) decrease in HRQoL utilities and a one-unit increase in depressive symptoms was associated with a -0.004 (p < 0.001) decrease in HRQoL utilities. Conclusion: The level of cognition in people at-risk for cognitive decline does not seem to be associated with HRQoL utilities. Future research should examine the level at which cognitive decline starts to affect HRQoL and care costs. Ideally, this would be done by means of cross-validation in populations with various stages of cognitive functioning and decline.
Diagnostic Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kong Yu , Chen Zhongyun , Wang Xue , Wang Wenjiao , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2022

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) can be difficult to distinguish clinically from some non-prion neurological diseases. Previous studies have reported markedly increased levels of α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of CJD patients, indicating that it is a potential diagnostic biomarker. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic power of CSF α-synuclein in discriminating CJD from non-prion disorders. Methods: The Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for articles published on or before February 25, 2022, using the search term (prion diseases OR Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome) AND (synuclein OR α-synuclein). The difference in CSF α-synuclein levels between CJD and non-prion diseases was calculated using random-effects models (I2 > 50%) or fixed-effects models (I2 < 50%) in terms of standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The publication bias was estimated using funnel plots and the Egger’s test. Results: Ten studies were included in this study. The concentrations of CSF α-synuclein were significantly higher in CJD patients compared to total non-prion controls (SMD = 1.98, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.36, p < 0.00001), tauopathies (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.68, p < 0.00001), synucleinopathies (SMD = 1.78, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.44, p < 0.00001), or Alzheimer’s (SMD = 1.14, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.33, p < 0.00001). CSF α-synuclein could distinguish CJD from non-prion diseases with overall sensitivity of 89% (95% CI 80–95%), specificity of 92% (95% CI 86–95%), and AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.97). Conclusion: CSF α-synuclein has excellent diagnostic value in discriminating CJD from non-prion neurological diseases. Given the high heterogeneity among the included studies, further studies are needed to confirm its clinical utility.
Automatic generation of sources lemmas in Tamarin: Towards automatic proofs of security protocols
Authors: Cortier Véronique , Delaune Stéphanie , Dreier Jannik , Klein Elise
Published: July 2022

Tamarin is a popular tool dedicated to the formal analysis of security protocols. One major strength of the tool is that it offers an interactive mode, allowing to go beyond what push-button tools can typically handle. Tamarin is for example able to verify complex protocols such as TLS, 5G, or RFID protocols. However, one of its drawback is its lack of automation. For many simple protocols, the user often needs to help Tamarin by writing specific lemmas, called “sources lemmas”, which requires some knowledge of the internal behaviour of the tool.

In this paper, we propose a technique to automatically generate sources lemmas in Tamarin. Following the intuition of manually written sources lemmas, our lemmas try to keep track of the origin of a term by looking into emitted messages or facts. We prove formally that our lemmas indeed hold, for arbitrary protocols that make use of cryptographic primitives that can be modelled with a subterm convergent equational theory (modulo associativity and commutativity). We have implemented our approach within Tamarin. Our experiments show that, in most examples of the literature, we are now able to generate suitable sources lemmas automatically, in replacement of the hand-written lemmas. As a direct application, many simple protocols can now be analysed fully automatically, while they previously required user interaction.
Temporal convolution network based novel parallel disaggregation method for non-intrusive monitoring of the appliances’ consumptions in residential buildings
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Deng Xiaoping , Wang Ruiqi , Meng Songping
Published: July 2022

Energy or load disaggregation, as one essential part of non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), is an efficient way to separate the consumption information of target appliances from the whole consumption data, and can accordingly help to regulate people’s energy consumption behaviors. However, the consumptions of the target appliances are usually affected by the variance of the opening time, working condition and user interference, so it is a difficult task to realize precise disaggregation. To further improve the energy disaggregation accuracy, this paper proposes a new parallel disaggregation strategy with two subnets for the energy consumption disaggregation of the target appliances in the residential buildings. In the proposed strategy, the parallel disaggregation network contains a long-term disaggregation network and a short-term disaggregation network, which can automatically and respectively learn the long-term trend features and short-term dynamic characteristics of the electrical appliances. This parallel structure can make full use of the advantages of different methods in feature extraction, so as to model the appliance features more comprehensively. To better extract the long-term and short-term features, in the long-term disaggregation subnet, we propose the double branch bi-directional temporal convolution network (DBB-TCN) which has a wider receptive field than the traditional temporal convolution networks (TCN), while in the short-term disaggregation subnet, we adopt the convolution auto-encoder to learn the short-term characteristics of the target appliances. Finally, detailed experiments and comparisons are made with two real-world datasets. Experimental results verified that the proposed parallel disaggregation method performs better than the existing methods under various evaluation criteria.
Knowledge-aware hierarchical attention network for recommendation
Authors: Fang Min , Liu Lu , Ye Yuxin , Zhu Beibei , Han Jiayu , Peng Tao
Published: July 2022

Knowledge graphs have been introduced into recommender systems due to the rich connectivity information. Many knowledge-aware recommendation methods use graph neural networks (GNNs) to capture the high-order structural and semantic information of knowledge graphs. However, previous GNN-based methods have the following limitations: (1) they fail to make full use of the neighborhood information of entities and (2) they ignore the importance of user interaction sequences on reflecting user preferences. As such, these models are insufficient for generating accurate representations of users and items. In this study, we propose a Knowledge-aware Hierarchical Attention Network (KHAN) to provide better recommendation. Specifically, the proposed model mainly consists of an item encoder and a user encoder. The item encoder is equipped with a hierarchical attention network, which is used to generate entity (item) representations by carefully aggregating neighborhood information of entities. The user encoder is also designed to learn more informative user representations from user interaction sequences using multi-head self-attention. The learned user representations are then combined with user representations introduced in the item encoder through a gating mechanism to generate the final user representations. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets about movie and restaurant recommendation demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
An efficient MFM-TFWO approach for unit commitment with uncertainty of DGs in electric vehicle parking lots
Authors: Gnanaprakasam C.N. , Brindha G. , Gnanasoundharam J. , Ahila Devi E.
Published: July 2022

In this paper proposes an efficient hybrid approach for resolve the issues based on unit commitment model integrated with electric vehicles considering the responsive load. The proposed hybrid approach is the combined performance of both the Multi-fidelity meta-optimization and Turbulent Flow of water based optimization (TFWO) and later it is known as MFM-TFWO method. The major objective of proposed approach is reduction of operational costs, reduction of real power losses, and reduction of emissions and improves the voltage stability index. The proposed system is incorporated with wind turbine and photovoltaic, electrical and thermal energy storage systems. The MFM approach is performed for the optimization of the best combination of thermal unit depend on uncertainty; cost minimization, constraints of the system. For capturing the uncertainty and ensuring the demand satisfaction is performed by the TFWO approach. The proposed approach evaluates the impact of the stochastic behavior of electric vehicles and responsive load of the demand side management. The proposed method considers the uncertainty of PV, wind, thermal, electrical demands, and electric vehicles. At last, the proposed model is actualized in MATLAB/Simulink platform and the performance is compared with other techniques. The simulation results depicted that electric vehicles and responsive loads on energy management is decreasing the operation cost and emissions.
Dual Effects: Intrastriatal Injection of α-syn N103/tau N368 Preformed Fibrils Promotes Endogenous α-synuclein Aggregates in the Proximal Colon
Authors: Wang Jialing , Yang Xiaoman , Zeng Weiqi , Zhang Xiaoqian , Yang Xiaomei , Xu Yu , Liu Ke , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Xu Yan , Cao Xuebing
Published: July 2022

Background:

Pathological changes in the brain can affect the gastrointestinal tract, whereas there is less evidence regarding the brain-gut axis.

Objective:

To identify whether cerebral endogenous phosphorylated α-synuclein induces gastrointestinal dysfunction via the brain-gut axis, mediated by the vagus nerve.

Methods:

α-syn N103/tau N368 preformed fibrils were injected into the dorsal lateral striatum of rodents, and the cerebral and colonic synucleinopathies and changes in the enteric nervous system were analyzed. Moreover, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was conducted to confirm the role of the vagus nerve in brain-gut propagation.

Results:

An anterograde propagation of phosphorylated α-synuclein from the brain to the proximal colon mainly via the vagus nerve was observed at one month. The accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein was detected in the proximal colon over time, accompanied by infiltration of macrophages and eosinophils in the mucosa and submucosa. Upon injection with lower doses of preformed fibrils, the accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein and dopaminergic neuron loss was reduced to levels consistent with control at six months, while the expression levels of GFAP, Iba-1, and IL-6 increased. Under high preformed fibrils dose conditions, fecal traits and gastrointestinal motility were significantly reduced at six months, and aggregations of phosphorylated α-synuclein and an increasing level of IL-1 β appeared.

Conclusion:

Induced endogenous α-synuclein can quickly propagate into the proximal colon mainly via the vagus nerve. Injections of low doses of preformed fibrils can elicit recovery of the enteric nervous system and degradation of α-synuclein aggregates whereas high doses cause accumulation of pathological α-synuclein, enteric inflammation, and prominent gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Improving communication at NHS Nightingale Hospital North West: Medical updates to next of kin
Authors: Woolford Megan , Todd James
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

The Nightingale North West (NNW) was a UK temporary field hospital set up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policies and standard operating procedures were undeveloped. Visitors were permitted only in exceptional circumstances, resulting in heightened anxiety for patients and next of kin (NOK).

OBJECTIVE:

Recognising the importance of effective NOK communication, a quality improvement project (QIP) was undertaken to improve communication between doctors and NOK.

METHOD:

NOK satisfaction with communication received from doctors (scored 1–5) was the primary outcome measure and data was collected through standardised phone-calls. A wide four point (1–5) variability in satisfaction was identified. PDSA methodology was used to introduce interventions: (1) ‘Gold standard’ for frequency of NOK updates; (2) Record date of NOK update on the doctors’ list.

RESULTS:

Early post-intervention data showed reduced variability in satisfaction with 82% of NOK scoring ‘4’ or ‘5’. Process measures demonstrated excellent uptake of interventions.

CONCLUSION:

Conclusions are limited by the project’s short time-frame but there is a promising role for these interventions in enhancing doctor-NOK communication.
Innovation in the European Statistical System: Recent achievements and challenges ahead
Authors: Ascheri Andrea , Museux Jean-Marc , Wirthmann Albrecht , Giannakouris Konstantinos , Karlberg Martin , Baldacci Emanuele
Published: July 2022

The National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) of the European Statistical System (ESS) have constantly strived to innovate products, processes and methods. Recent developments in the past decade have shown how rapidly data ecosystems are evolving across our globalised and digitalised societies. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 represented a turning point for innovation in the ESS. The speed of change spiked: those NSIs that had established a solid ground for innovation managed to continue providing high quality statistics to society and policymakers, while exploiting the potential for innovation given by the availability of new data sources. Despite the pandemic slowly losing its grip, Europe has found itself in the middle of a new crisis with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Therefore, NSIs now face the challenge of keeping up the innovative work and rolling out these innovations into production. This paper provides an overview of the work on innovation done at the ESS level in recent years and its contribution to the resilience of the statistical system to respond to recent crises. Furthermore, taking stock of recent experiences, it presents some of the main challenges and enablers which are needed to sustain ESS innovation in the years to come.
Interagency cooperation in official statistics: Past, present and future
Authors: Warschburger Sabine , Schweinfest Stefan
Published: July 2022

The article describes the architecture and mechanisms currently in place to ensure coordination of global and globally produced statistics. It also provides a brief overview of how coordination within the UN system has been organized since the founding of the United Nations in 1945.
Effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on work activity limitations in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Jones Heather , Young Megan , Guyton Kyndel , Idemoto Emily , Ferraro Alicia , AlHeresh Rawan
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the leading causes of work disability in the United States. Ergonomic interventions offer an individualized treatment approach, and when used in conjunction with pharmacological treatment interventions, may improve work outcomes and improve the overall quality of life for individuals with RA. OBJECTIVE: To identify the current body of evidence regarding the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions in reducing work activity limitations in adults with RA. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify articles of ergonomic interventions targeting working adults with RA. The CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist and Non-Pharmacological Treatment (NPT) Extension evaluated the reporting quality of each randomized controlled trial (RCT), and the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evaluated the quality of the evidence. RESULTS: Six studies were identified and reviewed for the quality of their reporting on evidence related to work activity limitations. Sixty-six percent of the items on the CONSORT checklist were fully reported by all studies and analysis through the GRADE framework demonstrated moderate confidence that the reported effects of ergonomic interventions on work activity limitations in the studies are accurate. This review revealed varied results for the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on work activity limitations and at-work productivity. CONCLUSION: The results of this review indicate a need for further investigation. Future studies should focus on reviewing specific ergonomic interventions to determine the dosage needed to see results in reducing work activity limitations for working adults with RA.
Does bullying in the hospital affect the health-related quality of life of health professionals?
Authors: Gkagkanteros Athanasios , Kontodimopoulos Nikolaos , Talias Michael A.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: This study investigates workplace harassment among Greek NHS employees and its impact on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we highlight that the consequences of workplace harassment and the concomitant damaged satisfaction can negatively affect health-related quality of life in Public Hospitals. METHODS: A sample of 343 employees from five Athens-based hospitals, including doctors, nurses, administrative and technical personnel, completed the Greek versions of the Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terrorization (LIPT) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Multiple logistic regression identified factors associated with mobbing, and adjusted odds ratios were computed. RESULTS: Out of the 37.5% of the employees who reported experiencing mobbing, 22.7% were bullied daily, and 49.2% almost daily. Furthermore, 66.7% were bullied by colleagues of the same grade, while 58.7% were from superiors. Regarding HRQoL, all SF-36 dimension scores were significantly lower (p < 0.001) for the mobbing victims, compared to others not having suffered workplace harassment. CONCLUSION: The existence of mobbing in the Greek NHS is evident, and that harms health. Preventing workplace harassment should be high on policymakers’ agendas to improve human resource management and health system performance.
Musculoskeletal symptoms and associated factors among beauty salon workers in Udupi, Karnataka, India
Authors: Tomar Shubhi , Tiwari Rajnarayan R , Verma Garima
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The Indian salon industry is increasing rapidly due to demand for various kinds of beauty and personal care products. Working ability and health conditions of salon workers may be affected by specific work-related activities. Prolonged non-neutral postures, repetitive movements, lack of adequate breaks during work, working at a fast pace, general distress or prolonged standing periods make them vulnerable to musculoskeletal symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The present study was carried out to assess work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among the beauty salon workers of Udupi taluk. METHOD: A total of 240 salon workers were recruited for the study. A semi-structured, interviewer-led questionnaire based on a modified Nordic questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULTS: As many as 80.4% study participants reported work related musculoskeletal pain in one or more body parts. The common body parts affected by pain were neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand, upper back, lower back, legs and ankles/feet. The analysis according to work postures suggested that short repetitive movements, stretching of hands to reach objects, working in the same posture for a longer time and the lack of weekly break from work was significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSION: The beauty salon workers are at risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms which could benefit from preventive structural, operational and educational measures.
Ergonomic risk factors among computer office workers for complaints of arm, neck and shoulder and workstation evaluation
Authors: Iram Humaira , Kashif Muhammad , Sattar Maha , Bhatti Zahid Mehmood , Dustgir Atif , Mehdi Zunaira
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested an association between computer work and the development of musculoskeletal disorders. However, studies examining the workplace ergonomics assessment of computer offices are scarce in the Pakistani population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of ergonomic risk factors in the office using the Rapid Assessment Office Strain (ROSA) method for complaints of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS) among office computer workers. METHODS: From January to August 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out among office workers who worked at least three hours on computers in their daily work. The prevalence of CANS was measured by using the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) and work station evaluation was done by using Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA). Data were collected from 773 computer workers, of whom 443 (56%) worked in the information technology sector, 215 (28%) in industry and 124 (16%) in universities. SPSS version 20 was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: Out of 773 computer workers, 448 (58%) reported musculoskeletal pain and the most prevalent were shoulder pain (327, 42%) and neck pain (270, 35%). The mean scores of ROSA sections A, B, C and D were 4.00±0.82, 2.98±0.72, 3.49±0.67 and 3.61±0.72 respectively. The mean ROSA total score in 773 office computer workers was 4.19±0.78, which indicates a low risk of musculoskeletal complaints. There was significant association was found between ROSA section A and shoulder pain (P = 0.043), ROSA section C with complaints of lower arm (P = 0.013), wrist (P = 0.016), and hand pain (P = 0.005), ROSA section D with lower arm (P = 0.002), wrist (P = 0.004) and hand complaints (P = 0.002). A significant association was found between ROSA total score and complaints of shoulder and hand, with p values of 0.012 and 0.006, respectively. CONCLUSION: CANS are prevalent among computer office workers, and there is a significant relationship between CANS and workstation ergonomics.
Use of recommended personal protective equipment among Brazilian health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gir Elucir , Silva Ana Cristina de Oliveira e , Reis Renata Karina , Rabeh Soraia Assad Nasbine , Sorensen William , Nogueira Wynne Pereira , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci , Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest health crises in the world and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is significant measures to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, PPE needs to be used properly by healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of PPE among Brazilian health professionals and associated factors during a period of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out from October to December 2020. For data collection, the respondent-driven sampling technique was used, adapted for social media, with a link to an online survey form. RESULTS: The study considered 12,086 Brazilian health professionals. Most (69%) used PPE recommended for the care of patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19. Factors associated with the use of PPE were: working in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or in a field hospital, receiving training, being provided with sufficient, high-quality PPE by the workplace and being an odontologist compared to nursing professionals. For procedures that generate aerosols in the context of COVID-19, 54.1% of them used the recommended PPE, the associated factors were: being married or in a stable relationship compared to a single/divorced professional, working in an ICU, being offered training, providing sufficient, high-quality PPE, and being an odontologist compared to nursing professionals. CONCLUSIONS: For the care of patients with COVID-19, 69% of health professionals used PPE properly, and several factors interfered with the use of this equipment.
Nigerian Translingualism: Negotiation and Desirability of Language in Nigerian Literature
Authors: Falola Toyin
Published: July 2022

The power to communicate effectively and the politics of language were over the years intertwined, compelling writers used foreign languages to reach a wider audience, make sense of our world, describe different worlds, and create other experiences. Translingualism is also like a bridge for readers who cannot speak an author’s native language. The adoption of literary translingualism is a knotted discourse, but the texts of Wole Soyinka, Amos Tutuola, Chinua Achebe, Ben Okri, and Chimamanda Adichie reviewed to examine this loosely defined term. This essay dissects the essence of literary translingualism in inspecting individual attempts to adhere to linguistic differences, reviewing how selected writers have shown the necessity for translingualism in their work.
A Translation and Literary Analysis of Adebayo Faleti’s Poem: Ojo Ilayefun”
Authors: Oyewale Ayodele Solomon
Published: July 2022

The concept of friendship in the Yorùbá cultural milieu is very germane to their communal life. Suffice to say that there seems to be no human being without, at least, a friend, the major issue usually is how well-grounded such friendship is, especially in times of need. Friendship development among the Yorùbá usually begins during the formative years via social interaction. However, sustaining such friendship through inter-personal relationship, which requires great sacrifices, is the most difficult aspect of it. This essay examines the Yorùbá concept of a mutual acquaintance, as depicted in one of Faleti’s poems titled “Ọjọ Ìláyẹfún.” The essay employs the hermeneutics model to undertake a literary analysis of the poem, which serves as the primary data for the study. By analyzing the representational meanings that are attributed to the concept of friend (òré in Yorùbá, the study shows that the term friendship has many metaphorical meanings in the traditional Yoruba worldview. The study also foregrounds the cultural, metaphorical, and metaphysical meanings of the Yoruba concept of mental imbalance (wèrè) beyond the conventional meaning or common knowledge about it in the Yorùbá socio-cultural milieu. The essay concludes that the Yoruba indigenous system, through several notions and metaphorical expressions about mental malady socially stigmatizes people suffering from such ailment. Mental pictures/images of incurability being rammed the native sub-consciousness, orthodox medicine has proved that it could be managed, suggesting that a lunatic could eventually be reformed, rehabilitated, and re-absorbed into the functionality of society.
Literary Translation Techniques in Professor Pamela Smith’s Translation of Akinwumi Is̩ola’s Ogun Omode to Treasury of Childhood Memories
Authors: Adéyemi O̩lálérè
Published: July 2022

Literary translation is a veritable tool to mitigate the endangerment and imminent extinction of African indigenous languages and literature. Professor Pamela Smith has taken up the challenge to translate Ogún O̩mo̩dé written by Professor Akinwumi Is̩o̩la into Treasury of Childhood Memories among many others. Yorùbá literary critics, translation experts, and linguists are yet to scrutinize the literary translation techniques in the translated text. This study, therefore, examined the literary techniques adopted by the translator in the Target Language (TL).  The study employed a qualitative research design with a close reading and content analysis of both the Second Language (SL) and Target Language (TL) texts using the Hutardo’ (2002, 498) model of literary techniques for data analysis.  The findings of the study showed that: the translator adopted many literary techniques that make the TL fascinating and pleasurable to readers, but the following techniques were more predominant, these are modulation; compression; elision/omission; linguistic amplification; borrowing, calque; compensation; adaptation; and particularization. The essay concluded that the translator's high level of bilingual and bicultural competence and the literary translation techniques adopted to make the contents of the source text easily transposed and rendered in impeccable English language in the TL.
Pamela J. Olubunmi Smith’s Translation Style in The Freedom Fight and Treasury of Childhood Memories
Authors: Ibikunle Tolulope
Published: July 2022

The steady but relentless globalization of the world makes translation highly pertinent to the understanding of different endeavors and spheres, from education and the economy to politics and religion. Thus, translation as a conduit for the transmission of knowledge protects and promotes tradition, culture and literature in our contemporary world. Consequently, translators are of utmost importance to the world at large and their immediate society in particular. Literary works exhibit diverse linguistic components, coupled with social, religious and cultural aspects of human existence, hence translation of literary works could be regarded as one of the main communicative approaches across cultures. Translating literary works, thus, constitutes many problems for the translator who is expected to be both bilingual/multilingual and bicultural/multicultural. Therefore, this essay will examine the roles and challenges of cultural and textual translation in the context of African society through the contribution and dexterity of Pamela J. Olúbùnmi Smith. Since the translation of literary work is also a form of adaptation and not pure language translation, attention will be placed on Smith's artistic prowess and translation techniques by analyzing two of her translated works. While reflecting on salient challenges of translation and the impacts of translating literary works from Pamela J. Olubunmi Smith's perspective, the essay aims to address some of the ways she gets to grips with the challenges to promote the Yorùbá language, culture, religion and tradition, as a translator. The essay concludes by advocating for better circulation, promotion and expansion of the cultural, philosophical, religious, political and social ideas of Africans through translations of literary works written in English, French and other languages into African languages and those written in African languages into English, French and other languages.