bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGES IN ASSESSING CHARACTER EDUCATION IN ELT: IMPLICATIONS FROM A CASE STUDY IN A CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Mambu Joseph Ernest
Published: October 2015

In this article I examine some challenges of assessing character education in the context of Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN). Major sources of character education in Indonesia (e.g., Kurikulum 2013) seem to be religious values. However, there are two salient problems. First, in religiously inspired character education, there are concerns about religious values imposition. Second, it is oftentimes vague what types of, and how, character education can be evaluated in English language teaching and learning settings. In the context of an EFL teacher education program in a Christian university that I studied, one Christian student showed her religious dogmatism in classroom interactions or elsewhere in which peers having different religious views were present. Students’ communicative competence in expressing religious values can be assessed by examining their growing self-reflexivity (which problematizes dogmatism), among others, in their discourse. Character education assessment rubrics are developed from the cases reported here, in light of: (1) the Indonesian government’s guidelines for assessing character education; (2) critical ELT; and (3) Celce-Murcia’s (2007) model of communicative competence.
COMPARING HEDGES USED BY ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN SCHOLARS IN PUBLISHED RESEARCH ARTICLES: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY
Authors: Sanjaya I Nyoman Suka , Sitawati Anak Agung Raka , Suciani Ni Ketut
Published: October 2015

The study examines whether English and Indonesian research articles written by their respective native speaker scholars are significantly different from each other in terms of the number of hedges used. Hedges are rhetorical features (e.g. may, perhaps, suggest) used to withhold complete commitment to the truth-value of propositions. The ultimate goal of the study is to examine whether Indonesian scholars need special instruction in hedging propositions. The assumption underlying the present study is that when they write in English, Indonesian scholars will deploy rhetorical features inherent in the Indonesian academic writing. Statistical analysis on 52 Applied Linguistics research articles (26 from each language) reveals that English research articles contain significantly more hedges than their Indonesian counterparts (Mann-Whitney U = 68.00, n1 = n2 = 26, p < 0.05, r = - 0.69), suggesting that Indonesian scholars are indeed in need of instruction that specifically focuses on hedging propositions in English.
Vertical ground reaction force analysis during gait with unstable shoes
Authors: Pereira Giulia , Avila Aluísio Otavio Vargas , Palhano Rudnei
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction Footwear is no longer just an accessory but also a protection for the musculoskeletal system, and its most important characteristic is comfort.Objectives This study aims to identify and to analyze the vertical ground reaction force in barefoot women and women with unstable shoes.Methodology Five women aged 25 ± 4 years old and mass of 50 ± 7 kg participated in this study. An AMTI force plate was used for data acquisition. The 10 trials for each situation were considered valid where the subject approached the platform with the right foot and at the speed of 4 km/h ± 5%. The instable shoe of this study is used in the practice of physical activity.Results The results showed that the first peak force was higher for the footwear situation, about 5% and significant differences between the barefoot and footwear situation. This significant difference was in the first and second peaks force and in the time of the second peak.Conclusion The values showed that the footwear absorbs approximately 45% of the impact during gait.
Functional exercise capacity, lung function and chest wall deformity in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Sperandio Evandro Fornias , Vidotto Milena Carlos , Alexandre Anderson Sales , Yi Liu Chiao , Gotfryd Alberto Ofenhejm , Dourado Victor Zuniga
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction The adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) causes changes on the compliance of the chest. These changes may be associated with impaired lung function and reduced functional exercise capacity of these adolescents. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between functional exercise capacity, lung function and geometry of the chest at different stages of AIS.Materials and methods The study was carried out in a cross-sectional design which were evaluated 27 AIS patients at different stages of the disease. For chest wall evaluation, were created geometry angles/distances (A/D), which were quantified by Software Postural Assessment. The functional exercise capacity was assessed by a portable gas analyzer during the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT). Besides that, manovacuometry and spirometry were also performed.Results Linear regressions showed that oxygen uptake (peak VO2) was correlated with distance travelled in the ISWT (R2 = 0.52), maximal respiratory pressures, cough peak flow (R2 = 0.59) and some thoracic deformity markers (D1, D2 and A6).Discussion We observed that the chest wall alterations, lung function and respiratory muscle strength are related to the functional exercise capacity and may impair the physical activity performance in AIS patients.Final considerations There is correlation between functional exercise capacity, lung function and geometry of the chest in AIS patients. Our results point to the possible impact of the AIS in the physical activities of these adolescents. Therefore, efforts to prevent the disease progression are extremely important.
Análise comparativa de rentabilidade: um estudo sobre o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial
Authors: Silva Elias Hans Dener Ribeiro da , Lima Edson Pinheiro de , Costa Sérgio Eduardo Gouvêa da , Sant'Anna Ângelo Márcio Oliveira
Published: October 2015

Resumo Organizações têm se esforçado para demonstrar à sociedade suas políticas de boas práticas sociais e ambientais e os investimentos socialmente responsáveis têm sido cada vez mais relevantes, fundamentando a crescente criação de índices de sustentabilidade empresarial. Muitos estudos têm sido feitos sobre o ISE - Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial – da BM&FBovespa, para averiguar se a carteira de ações composta por empresas consideradas sustentáveis traz maior retorno aos acionistas do que a carteira de ações de outros índices. Porém, grande parte dessas pesquisas dá foco ao valor das ações como forma de geração de valor e poucos são os estudos que se pautam em análises fundamentalistas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar indicadores fundamentalistas de rentabilidade entre um grupo de empresas participantes do ISE e um grupo de referência, verificando se a gestão sustentável gera rentabilidade empresarial e a forma como criam valor aos acionistas. Os grupos foram comparados e as evidências encontradas, por meio da utilização do teste estatístico t-student, demonstram que, apesar de o ISE possuir uma carteira teórica diferenciada, voltada ao tema social, ambiental e ético, a rentabilidade das empresas que a compõem é semelhante ou inferior à das empresas do grupo de referência. Apesar disso, percebe-se que o grupo ISE apresenta outras formas de criação de valor ao acionista, como menor volatilidade e menor exposição ao risco.
Contribuição ao Estudo Anatômico do Lenho de 7 Espécies de Dimorphandra (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Loureiro Arthur A. , Silva Marlene F. da , Vasconcellos Francisco José de
Published: October 2015

Os autores apresentam neste trabalho o estudo dos caracteres anatômicos das madeiras de 7 espécies do gênero Dimorphandra(leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) e para cada uma delas são apresentadas ainda informações sobre: a) daárvore.:descrição botânica, distribuição geográfica e nomes vulgares; b) da madeira:características gerais, descrição macro e microscópica, 7 macro e 14 microfotografias estruturais do lenho. As espécies estudadas foram: Dimon.phandAa conjugata(Splitgerber) Sandw., D.gardnerianaTut., V. giganteaDucke, D. mollísBenth., D.multifloraDucke, D. palleiAmsh. e D, unijagaTul. Um quadro sinótico com as principais características anatômicas diferenciais das, espécies é também apresentado.
Observações sobre autocompatibilidade em pupunha (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K., Palmae)
Authors: Clement Charles R. , Arkcoll David B.
Published: October 2015

A pupunha aparentemente, possui duas estratégias que asseguram a sua polinização cruzada. Uma delas parece ser um fator genético quantitativo que inibe a auto-polinização. Para estudar este fator, duas series de polinização controlada foram feitas em duas diferentes populações juvenis. A primeira população apresentou uma media, de 19,2% de auto-compatibilidade, medida em percentagem de frutos férteis produzidos em relação a todas as flores. Entretanto, o coeficiente de variação foi extremamente alto. A polinização aberta em algumas plantas produziu 22% de frutos férteis, com um coeficiente de variação menor, sugerindo que, o " fruit set" foi, em geral, baixo nutria população, naquela vez. A segunda população, apresentou em media 37,62% de auto-compatibilidade, com um coeficiente de variação menor. Variação entre as árvores foi também detectada e mostrou ser considerável. Além do mais, a auto-compatibilidade variou de 0 a 81%, em distribuição normal. 0 uso de plantas juvenis pode ser a razão da alta variabilidade entre plantas. Apesar da pouca auto-compatibilidade encontrada nestas populações, esta característica é recomendada como descritor para bancos de germoplasma e deve ser obtida em plantas adultas para evitar a alta variabilidade juvenil.
1,3-Diarilpropanos de Iryanthera paraensis e Iryanthera tricornis
Authors: Silva José Jerônimo da , Giesbrecht Astréa M. , Alvarenga Marden A. de , Gottlieb Otto R.
Published: October 2015

Iryanthera paraensis e I. tricornis (Myristicaceae) contêm na madeira de seus troncos 1-(2', 4' - dihidroxifenil) -3- (4", 5"-metilenodoxi-2" -metoxifenil) -propano (1a 1-(2', 4' dihidroxifenil) -3-(3", 4" -metilenodioxifenil)-propano (1b) e 1-(4' -hidroxi -2'-metoxifenil) -3-(4"-hidroxi-3"-metoxifenil) -propano (1c). Apenas da primeira espécie se isolou adicionalmente 1-(2', 4'-dihidroxi-3' -metilfenil)-3-(4", 5"-metilenodioxi-2"- metoxifenil) -propano (1d) e 1-(2'-hidroxi-4'metoxifenil) -3-(3", 4"-metilenodioxifenil) -propano (1e). Dados espectroscópicos para a substância 1b, são descritos pela primeira vez.
Teor e composição do óleo essencial de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.) após diferentes tempos de secagem em estufa e temperatura ambiente
Authors: STORCK R. C. , DESCHAMPS C.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOPatchouli é uma espécie aromática pertencente à família Lamiaceae que possui óleo essencial com alto valor comercial devido à aplicação nas indústrias de higiene, cosméticos e perfumarias. Considerando as características voláteis e estruturas de armazenamento em diferentes órgãos das plantas aromáticas, a determinação de métodos de secagem é de extrema importância e pode afetar tanto o rendimento como a composição do óleo essencial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o teor e a composição do óleo essencial de patchouli após secagem por diferentes períodos em estufa e a temperatura ambiente. O experimento foi realizado durante o mês de fevereiro de 2011 em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2X6, correspondente a dois métodos de secagem (estufa 65ºC e temperatura ambiente) e seis tempos para o início da extração do óleo essencial após a (0, 2, 4,6,8 e 10 dias após a colheita),com três repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por meio hidrodestilação em aparelho graduado de Clevenger e os constituintes do óleo essencial foram analisados por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Houve interação significativa entre os métodos e tempos de secagem tanto para o teor como para a composição do óleo essencial. A secagem das plantas por dois dias em estufa a 65ºC aumentou o teor de óleo essencial, após este período houve redução significativa. Para as folhas secas em temperatura ambiente, o teor de óleo essencial foi superior aos quatro e aos seis dias após a colheita. Comparando-se os métodos, a secagem em estufa mostrou-se mais eficiente, sendo o teor significativamente superior após dois dias de secagem. Após este período, no entanto, houve drástica redução do teor de óleo essencial, sendo inferior ao teor observado em todos os períodos nas folhas secas em temperatura ambiente. Os diferentes métodos e tempos de secagem alteraram também a composição do óleo essencial. Embora a secagem em estufa a 65º por dois dias não tenha resultado em redução dos teores dos constituintes majoritários patchoulol e pogostol, maiores teores foram observados após seis ou oito dias de secagem. Quando a secagem foi realizada a temperatura ambiente, não houve alteração dos teores de ambos os constituintes.
Atividades biológicas de espécies amazônicas de Rubiaceae
Authors: MESQUITA D. W. O. , MESQUITA A. S. S. , CURSINO L. M. C. , SOUZA E. S , OLIVEIRA A. C. , PINHEIRO C. C. S. , NOVAES J.A.P. , OLIVEIRA J. A. A. , NUNEZ C. V.
Published: October 2015

RESUMORubiaceae é uma família botânica com grande potencial químico e biológico Neste trabalho realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica e avaliou-se as atividades citotóxica, antioxidante e antifúngica dos extratos diclorometânicos e metanólicos das folhas de Duroia saccifera, Ferdinandusa goudotiana, F. hirsuta, F. paraensis, Ferdinandusa sp., Palicourea corymbifera e P. guianensis. A avaliação da citotoxicidade foi realizada empregando-se o ensaio de toxicidade sobre Artemia salina. A atividade antifúngica foi determinada pelo método de difusão em ágar utilizando-se os fungos: Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis 32905, M. gipseum 29/00, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533/03, T. rubrum ATCC 28189, T. tonsurans 21/97, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, FusariumU. 662/06, Scytalidium U. 661/06, Candida albicans ATCC 3632 e C. albicans U. 5/99. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada através dos ensaios de redução do radical livre 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazila (DPPH) e de descoloração do cátion radical ácido-6-sulfônico-2,2-azinobis-3-etilbenzotiazolina (ABTS). Para o ensaio de toxicidade sobre A. salina observou-se maior toxicidade no extrato metanólico de F. goudotiana, que se mostrou tóxico até a concentração de 5 µg mL-1. A presença de princípios antifúngicos foi observada em F. hirsuta e F. paraensiscontra quatro dos fungos testados. Na avaliação da atividade antioxidante os extratos metanólicos mostraram maior atividade que os extratos diclorometânicos, sendo coincidente o resultado obtido através de ambos os métodos (redução do DPPH e descoloração do ABTS). Os resultados criam possibilidades para futuras investigações relacionadas à estrutura e atividade dos componentes de cada extrato ativo.
Biomassa e teor de óleo essencial em Aloysia triphylla (l'hérit) Britton submetida a diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica e à variação sazonal das condições ambientais
Authors: SCHWERZ L. , CARON B. O. , MANFRON P. A. , SCHMIDT D. , ELLI E. F.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOA variação nos elementos meteorológicos ao longo do ano, configurando as quatro estações, proporciona diferentes condições de crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, alterando o metabolismo e a constituição dos tecidos vegetais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a influência da sazonalidade em parâmetros fenométricos e na produção de óleo essencial em Aloysia triphylla (L'Hérit) Britton, submetida a diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica cultivada em ambiente protegido. As avaliações foram realizadas no dia que marcou a metade de cada estação do ano (verão, outono, inverno e primavera), sendo coletado todo o material vegetativo 20 cm acima do solo. A reposição hídrica foi baseada na evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) para o ambiente externo em função dos dados de entrada da equação de Penman-Monteith a qual apresenta parametrizações para dados obtidos em estações meteorológicas em padrões oficiais, sendo assim aplicados 125, 100, 75 e 50% da ETo em turno de rega de dois dias. A produção de massa fresca, seca e de parte aérea, bem como a área foliar, apresentaram maiores valores na estação primavera, sendo o inverno e o verão responsáveis pelos menores valores. O maior teor de óleo essencial foi observado nas estações de menor produção de biomassa, ou seja, verão e inverno. A reposição hídrica que proporcionou maior produção de material vegetativo foi a de 125% da ETo; no entanto, o maior teor de óleo foi observado nas menores reposições hídricas (75 e 50 % da ETo, respectivamente). A produção de óleo foi maior na primavera, a qual não sofreu influência da reposição hídrica ao longo do ano.
Toxicidade reprodutiva do extrato hidroalcóolico de Samanea tubulosa Benth em ratas wistar
Authors: SALES P. A. B , OLIVEIRA J. M. G. , MOURA E. R. , SOUSA M. R. S. C. , SILVA I. R. , COSTA T. N. , COSTA A. P. R.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis efeitos do extrato das vargens de bordão-de-velho (Samanea tubulosa benth) sobre a reprodução em ratas Wistar. O extrato foi preparado a partir da secagem e trituração das vagens, seguida por maceração com etanol e, posteriormente, concentrado em rotavapor. Ratas Wistar gestantes foram tratadas com 75 mg.100 g-1 de peso corporal de extrato de S. tubulosa e o grupo controle recebeu 1ml/100 g-1 de peso corporal de solução salina por gavagem durante 19 dias. Após eutanásia no 20º dia, as seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: peso corporal fetal, peso dos fetos e placentas, número de corpos lúteos e de reabsorções, implantação, fetos vivos e mortos. O extrato de vagens de S. tubulosa apresenta toxicidade para o feto causando malformações, reabsorções fetais e diminuição pronunciada do peso ao nascer. Contudo, o extrato de vagens de S. tubulosanão influencia no número de corpos lúteos e número de implantações.
Entre o semiótico e o ideológico
Authors: Brait Beth
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir a importância da articulação existente entre semiótica e ideologia como marca original e fundante do pensamento do linguista brasileiro José Luiz Fiorin. Dentre tantos trabalhos por ele publicados, explicitando e explorando essa constitutiva relação, a escolha aqui recai sobre suas duas primeiras obras - Linguagem e ideologia e O regime de 1964: discurso e ideologia. Esses livros inauguram, no final dos anos 1980, conforme os títulos explicitam, a coerência da maneira como o autor compreende linguagem em consonância com a vida e, especialmente, com os valores em tensão que regem a vida social e cultural de uma comunidade. Essa postura pioneira dentro das áreas do conhecimento em que se insere, com destaque para a Semiótica greimasiana, oferece e inspira, já nesses dois estudos, caminhos teóricos e práticos para a constituição das pesquisas semiótico-ideológicas e, a partir daí, para a pertinente leitura de um Brasil submetido a uma truculenta ditadura.
THE PREVALENCE OF HLA DQ2 AND DQ8 IN PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE, IN FAMILY AND IN GENERAL POPULATION
Authors: CECILIO Lucila Arantes , BONATTO Mauro W.
Published: October 2015

Background: Celiac disease is an enteropathy characterized by gluten sensitivity and broad clinical aspect. Has a multifactorial cause and depends on genetic, immunological and environmental factors for its development. The genetic influence is given mostly by the human leukocyte antigens HLA DQ2 and DQ8. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigens DQ2 and DQ8 in three different groups: patients with celiac disease, first-degree relatives and the general population. Method: Retrospective analysis that evaluated serologic and endoscopic data of 74 patients with celiac disease and 109 non-celiac, which were subdivided into two subgroups: non-celiac who had first-degree relatives with celiac and non-celiac who did not. All patients underwent laboratory examination for screening genetic sensitivity given by HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 by. Results: The presence of HLA DQ2 and DQ8 was identified in 98,4% of 74 celiac patients, of which 79,7% had only HLA DQ2; 8,1% had only HLA DQ8 and 10,8% had both antigens histocompatibility. In the group of relatives of celiac patients, were included 29 patients; among them, 89,6% had HLA DQ2 and/or DQ8; 76% only the HLA DQ2, 10,3% only HLA DQ8 and 3,4% presented both human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Conclusion: HLA DQ2/DQ8 was present in 98,4% of celiac patients; 89,6% relatives of celiac family and in 55,4% of people from the general population without family celiac.
STANDARDIZED CLINICAL PATHWAYS FOR ESOPHAGECTOMY ARE NOT A REALITY IN BRAZIL, EVEN WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND ACHALASIA
Authors: ZAMUNER Marina , HERBELLA Fernando A. M. , AQUINO José L. B.
Published: October 2015

Background: The adoption of standardized protocols and specialized multidisciplinary teams for esophagectomy involve changes in routines with the implantation of expensive clinical practices and deviations from ingrained treatment philosophies. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of standardized protocols and specialized multidisciplinary teams in São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: Institutions that routinely perform esophagectomies in São Paulo were contacted and questioned about the work team involved in the procedure and the presence of standardized routines in the preoperatory care. Results: Fifteen centers answered the questionnaire: 10 (67%) public institutions and five (33%) private. There were seven (47%) medical schools, six (40%) with a residency program and two (13%) nonacademic institutions. The mean number of esophagectomies per year was 23. There was a multidisciplinary pre-operative team in nine (60%). There was a multidisciplinary postoperative team in 11 (73%). Early mobilization protocol was adopted in 12 (80%) institutions, early feeding in 13 (87%), routinely epidural in seven (47%), analgesia protocol in seven (47%), hydric restriction in six (40%), early extubation in six (40%), standardized hospitalization time in four (27%) and standardized intensive care time in two (13%). Conclusion: The prevalence of standardized protocols and specialized teams is very low in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The presence of specialized surgeons is a reality and standardized protocols related directly to surgeons have higher frequency than those related to other professionals in the multidisciplinary team.
The Results of Research and Practice Session «Theory and Practice of Educational Activity: Tradition and Innovation» in Honor of the 85th Anniversary of V.Davydov
Authors: Rubtsov V.V. , Sobkin V.S. , Kudryavtsev V.T. , Lazarev V.S. , Froumin I.D. , Panov V.I. , Vasilev V.K. , Chudinova E.V. , Bolotov V.A. , Zuckerman G.A. , Krasavina N.Y.
Published: October 2015

Научно-практическая сессия «Теория и практика учебной деятельности: традиции и инновации» проводилась 24 сентября 2015 года в Психологическом институте РАО в Москве. Формат проведения мероприятия – дискурс-семинар как часть программы исследовательской магистратуры «Культурно-историческая психология и деятельностный подход в образовании». Программа исследовательской магистратуры проходит апробацию в рамках проекта «Разработка и апробация новых модулей основных образовательных программ магистратуры по укрупненной группе специальностей «Образование и педагогика» (направление подготовки – Психолого-педагогическое образование), предполагающих увеличение научно-исследовательской работы и практики студентов в сетевом взаимодействии с образовательными организациями различных уровней». Программа реализуется в Московском городском психолого-педагогическом университете и еще семи ведущих педагогических университетах Российской Федерации. Дискуссию вели – Б.Д. Эльконин и В.В. Рубцов и участвовали – В.А. Болотов, И.Д. Фрумин, В.С. Собкин, В.Т. Кудрявцев, В.С. Лазарев, В.И. Панов, В. Василев (V.Vasilev), Е.В. Чудинова, Г.А. Цукерман, Н.Ю. Красавина. После дискуссии мы взяли несколько интервью с участниками, рас¬сказавшими о В.В. Давыдове. Дискуссия проводилась при поддержке международного научного журнала «Культурно-историческая психология».
The role of L1 knowledge on L2 speech perception: investigating how native speakers and Brazilian learners categorize different VOT patterns in English
Authors: Schwartzhaupt Bruno , Alves Ubiratã Kickhöfel , Fontes Ana Beatriz Arêas da Luz
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate how different Voice Onset Time (VOT) patterns are categorized by native speakers of American English and Brazilian Learners of English. American English and Brazilian Portuguese diverge as to the voicing pattern of plosive consonants, for the VOT cue plays different roles in the distinction between voiced and voiceless consonant categories in each system. This study contrasted four VOT patterns (Negative VOT, Zero VOT, Positive VOT and a manipulated pattern, named Artificial Zero VOT) in two perceptual tasks (AxB discrimination and identification tests), and verified how the two groups of participants categorized these patterns. Results reinforce the idea that speech perception is multimodal and, therefore, the action of multiple cues must be taken into account when we consider phonetic-phonological processes.Keywords: Voice Onset Time; Speech Perception; Discrimination; Identification.Resumo: O presente estudo buscou investigar como diferentes padrões de Voice Onset Time (VOT) são categorizados por falantes nativos de Inglês Americano e aprendizes brasileiros de Inglês. O Inglês Americano e o Português Brasileiro divergem quanto ao padrão de vozeamento das consoantes plosivas, uma vez que a pista VOT desempenha diferentes papéis na formação de categorias de consoantes vozeadas e desvozeadas em cada sistema. Este estudo contrastou quatro padrões de VOT (VOT Negativo, VOT Zero, VOT Positivo e um padrão manipulado, nomeado VOT Zero Artificial) em duas tarefas perceptuais (testes de discriminação AxB e identificação), e verificou como os dois grupos de participantes categorizaram esses padrões. Os resultados corroboram a ideia de que a percepção da fala é multimodal e, portanto, a ação de múltiplas pistas acústicas deve ser levada em consideração quando abordamos processos fonético-fonológicos.Palavras-chave: Voice Onset Time; Percepção da Fala; Discriminação; Identificação.
Sentidos da voz em discursos da imprensa brasileira: uma análise de textos midiáticos sobre o câncer de laringe de Lula
Authors: Piovezani Carlos
Published: October 2015

Resumo: O presente artigo analisa discursos produzidos pela mídia brasileira sobre o câncer de laringe sofrido pelo ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva em 2011. O anúncio da doença de Lula produziu um amplo conjunto de textos acerca da enfermidade e dos riscos que ela poderia acarretar à sua voz. Tal conjunto comporta enunciados que vão de eventuais imprecações até os predominantes votos de restabelecimento. Com vistas a identificar algumas unidades e regularidades discursivas na dispersão dos textos midiáticos gerados a partir do episódio mencionado, nos fundamentamos na Análise do discurso, derivada de Michel Pêcheux e seu grupo, e analisamos enunciados extraídos de um corpus constituído por textos que foram veiculados nos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Estado de São Paulo e na revista Veja.Palavras-chave: Análise do Discurso, Lula, mídia, voz.Abstract: This article aims to analyze the discourses produced by the Brazilian media concerning the throat cancer former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva suffered from in the year of 2011.The announcement of Lula’s disease produced a large set of texts about the malady and the possible damages it could have done to his voice. This set includes a wide range of statements that go from eventual hostile curses to predominant best wishes for a full recovery. We propose to identify some discursive units and regularities in the dispersion of the media texts generated by the mentioned episode. To do so, based on the Discourse Analysis derived from Michel Pêcheux and his group, we intend to analyze statements extracted from a corpus consisted of texts which circulated in the Brazilian newspapers Folha de São Paulo and Estado de São Paulo, and in the weekly Brazilian magazine Veja.Keywords: Discourse Analysis, Lula, Media, Voice.
Visualidades e visibilidades
Authors: Marques Barbara Cristina
Published: October 2015

A relação da literatura com o cinema dá-se por vários modos. Comumente, os estudos que refletem esse intercâmbio entre os dois registros buscam avaliar os processos de adaptação de obras literárias para o cinema. De outro lado, é preciso refletir sobre as muitas maneiras de entrada e de interseção do cinema no texto literário. Ao observar a prosa de ficção brasileira contemporânea, percebe-se o quanto o cinema plasmou na literatura um tipo de comportamento visual, exigindo do leitor outros modos de acesso ao texto. É possível reconhecer, nesse sentido, uma espécie de qualidade cinemática em muitas obras que revelam um universo ficcional absolutamente mediado por objetos culturais propagadores da imagem. A partir dessa orientação, discute-se tal diálogo em três romances: Bandoleiros (1985), de João Gilberto Noll, Onde andará Dulce Veiga? Um romance B (1990), de Caio Fernando Abreu, e eles eram muitos cavalos (2001), de Luiz Ruffato.
A Novel Avastin Injection Technique—“Sunalp Protocol”
Authors: Sunalp Murad A , Buchbinder Lindsey B , Shehu Myhidin H ,   President, Sunalp Laser Vision, Tulare, California, US,   Medical Student, St George’s University, True Blue, Grenada,   Medical Director, Sunalp Laser Vision, Tulare, California, US
Published: October 2015

Purpose: The introduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors began a new era in the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). These drugs are effective at suppressing choroidal neovascularization (CNV) resulting in improvement or stabilization of visual acuity; however, the chronic nature of the disease require these drugs be administered periodically (usually monthly) for the life of the patient. Since intravitreal injections are administered through the sclera, there is the possibility of adverse events, such as vitreous hemorrhage, endophthalmitis, retinal tears, or retinal detachment. To avoid some of the adverse events associated with intravitreal delivery via the scleral route we have developed a technique to deliver bevacizumab (Avastin®) into the vitreous cavity in pseudophakic eyes via a corneal route.Methods: A 27-gauge, 5 mm angled cannula attached to a 1.0 ml syringe is fitted into an 11 o’clock limbal incision and advanced through the anterior and posterior chamber. The cannula is maneuvered through the zonules into the vitreous and 0.1 ml of Avastin is delivered behind the lens into the vitreous cavity. The procedure was performed in 50 eyes (Addendum 1: 499 injections 2014–2015), of five exudative ARMD patients, 21 diabetic macular edema (DME) patients, two cystoid macular edema (CME) patients, and one central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) patient. Visual acuity (VA), edema, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and endothelial cell counts were performed 1 day following Avastin administration. VA was also determined in 16 eyes at 1 month after Avastin administration.Results: At 1 day post-Avastin administration, vision acuity and edema index improved or remained stable in all eyes, with the exception of one eye from an exudative ARMD patient whose vision deteriorated. At 1 month the average visual acuity in 16 eyes was also significantly improved. The improvement in edema was evident through retinal OCTs. No change in endothelial cell counts was observed.Conclusions: Administration of Avastin via an anterior chamber route in pseudophakic (Addendum 2: Phakic eyes were also treated with no cataract formation) patients is effective for the treatment of exudative ARMD, DME, CME and CRVO, minimizing the possible adverse events related to the administration by the traditional scleral route. In addition, anterior segment administration allows the ophthalmologist to directly observe the delivery of the drug with microscope precision. Pars plana injections are usually performed without magnification and no direct visualization.
Wide-field Imaging of Retinal Diseases
Authors: Kim Esther Lee , Moshfeghi Andrew A ,   Resident Physician,   Associate Professor of Ophthalmology; Director of the Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southern California Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, US
Published: October 2015

Retinal imaging serves as a critical adjunct to the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of numerous ocular diseases. In particular, wide-field retinal imaging is quickly moving to the forefront in imaging the posterior segment. While conventional fundus imaging captures 30 to 50° field of view in a single capture, significant advances have been made in the past 2 decades to increase the viewing angle, speed, and accuracy of fundus photography, such that a single-field capture is now up to 200°. Moreover, multiple imaging modalities, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and autofluorescence, are now available a single wide-field imaging platform. This breadth of functionality makes wide-field imaging especially useful in peripheral retinal vascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, posterior uveitis, and retinopathy of prematurity. This review aims to provide a historical perspective on wide-field retinal imaging, highlight the imaging platforms currently available, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wide-field versus conventional fundus imaging, summarize the current clinical applications of wide-field retinal imaging, and provide an outlook for its future implications.
Extraskeletal Osteoma of the Eyelid—A Rare Case Report
Authors: Singh Sudhir ,   Senior Consultant and HOD, Department of Ophthalmology, JW Global Hospital & Research Centre, Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India
Published: October 2015

Osteoma is a benign osteogenic lesion with a very slow growth, characterized by proliferation of either cancellous or compact bone. Depending on its location, osteoma may be classified as central, peripheral, or extraskeletal type. Osteoma has been reported in relation to the paranasal sinuses and less frequently with the orbit. We report a case of a 25-year-old female who developed extraskeletal osteoma on her left upper eyelid, without involvement of the paranasal sinuses or orbit. Extraskeletal osteoma of the eyelid is an extremely rare variety. The mass was surgically removed and sent for histopathologic examination, which showed osteoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of extraskeletal osteoma of the eyelid reported in the English language literature.
Review of Surgical Techniques for Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Fixation in the Absence of Capsular Lens Support
Authors: Ng Jacqueline , Behshad Soroosh , Farid Marjan ,   Ophthalmologist,   Ophthalmologist,   Director of Cornea, Cataract, and Refractive Surgery and Vice-Chair of Ophthalmic Faculty, University of California-Irvine, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, California, US
Published: October 2015

This is a review of surgical options for posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) fixation in the absence of adequate capsular support. The indications, techniques, and outcomes for posterior chamber iris-sutured and scleral-fixated IOLs, including trans-scleral sutured and trans-scleral tunnel glued fixation, are reviewed. Iris-sutured IOL fixation may be appropriate in cases in which small corneal incisions with a foldable IOL are desired, but are only possible in cases of adequate iris tissue, and may be complicated by pupil ovaling and iris trauma, which can lead to prolonged inflammation in some studies. Scleral-sutured IOL fixation does not require robust iris tissue and decreases the risk for iris trauma, but is technically more demanding, may require larger incisions, and poses potentially more posterior segment complications. There are also ongoing concerns for suture exposure, erosion, and late suture breakage and IOL dislocation. Scleral tunnel-glued IOL fixation is a more recent innovation that avoids sutures and concerns for suture-related complications, and can be completed through smaller incisions with a foldable IOL. However, long-term studies are pending.
How We Can Improve the Lives of Our Patients Who Have Already Lost Vision or Will Lose Vision in the Future
Authors: Spaeth George L ,   Louis J Esposito Research Professor, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, US
Published: October 2015

An overview of “How We Can Improve the Lives of Our Patients Who Have Already Lost Vision or Will Lose Vision in the Future,” presented at the American Glaucoma Society Meeting, 2015.
Research of a sleeve connection of the aircraft pipeline under the influence of dynamic loading
Authors: Agafonov V. M. , Pykhalov A. A.
Published: October 2015

The article presents the results of analyzing the dynamic behavior of a prefabricated single-span pipeline with a tube connection on external cone under the influence of kinematic excitation. Five models of pipelines with different conjugation conditions in tube connection on external cone are described. The results have been obtained by using the finite element method and solving a contact problem of deformable body mechanics. At the first stage amplitude-frequency characteristics for the models of pipeline under consideration are constructed. The result shows the dependence of amplitude-frequency characteristics of the pipeline vibrations on the conjugation conditions in the collecting pipe connection. It was found in the process of research that the resonant frequency of the pipeline varies with introducing admissible gaps in the tube connection on external cone. This change may lead to a shift of the resonance frequency of the pipeline in the range of operating frequencies of the structure that may lead to the destruction of the pipeline. The article also reflects the influence of the external dynamic load on the distribution of contact pressure in the prefabricated tube connection on external cone while passing the resonance frequency. This distribution determines the tightness of connections.
Analysis of the possibility of improving performance characteristics of a solenoid injector for the CommonRail system
Authors: Kayukov S. S. , Gallyamov R. E. , Belousov A. V.
Published: October 2015

The paper analyzes the possibility of improving the performance of a solenoid injector by switching to constant high-pressure operation. The structure of a solenoid injector design model is presented in the LMS Imagine. Lab AMESim package. Variation of the injector flow rate in the case of varying spring and magnet parameters is discussed. The data are compared relative to the value of the phase dose for the same control signal. Preconditions for the necessity of continuing the investigations in the direction of analyzing the influence of other factors and optimizing their values with the aim of obtaining maximum speed are outlined
Quasi-Periodic Noise Oscillations in Oxyhydrates of Rare-Earth Elements
Authors: Sucharev Yuri I. , Markov Boris A. , Prolubnikova Tatiana I. , Lebedeva Irina I.
Published: October 2015

The present paper dwells upon the chemical foundations of formation of a gel nanostructure (by the example of zirconium oxyhydrate) at the time of formation of oxyhydrate polymer chain and develops electrophoretic (diffusional) conceptions related to the phenomenon of self-organization of nonequilibrium oxyhydrate gel. Adduced are the experimental data (measurements of spontaneous current induced by the alterations in capacity of the polarized double electrical layer of the gel) that permit to claim that the mathematical model of the phenomenon is not in contradiction with the experiment. On the ground of the experimental data and calculations it is concluded that the constant magnetic field alters the character of geometrical configuration of chemical interaction of the oxyhydrate gel fragments with each other, which affects the value of nano-current measured in the course of the experiment.
Effects of Mineral Nutrition on Seed Yield and Quality of Mustard (Brassica Juncea)
Authors: Vassilina T. , Umbetov A. , Cihacek L.J. , Vassilina G.
Published: October 2015

Mustard (Brassica juncea) is a significant component of the world production of vegetable oils. Mustard is a thermophilic and very drought-resistant plant well adapted for dry continental climates. Mustard (Brassica juncea) is a drought-resistant crop which can tolerate water stress and can be grown in rotation with other crop species. Mustard is relatively undemanding to soil and it can even grow on saline soils. The nutrients most important for the growth and development of mustard are nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The study was conducted during the 2009, 2010 and 2011 growing seasons on a meadow chestnut soil at the "Agrouniversity" experiment station of the Kazakh National Agrarian University at Almaty, Kazakhstan to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the production of mustard in short crop rotations. Nitrogen rates of 0.40 and 75 kg ha-1 gave seed yields of 1.628, 2.095 and 2.191 Mg ha-1, respectively. Protein yields were 0.402, 0.543 and 0.573 Mg ha-1and oil yields were 0.352, 0.498 and 0.505 mg ha-1for the three respective N rates. Seed, protein and oil yields were 119%, 123% and 127%, respectively, when soil test P was increased to 25 kg ha-1 from 15 kg ha-1 indicating a need to maintain high soil P in mustard production systems.
Structure Formation of the Surface Layer of Soil as a Way to Prevent a Wind and Water Erosion
Authors: Aidarova S. , Bekturganova N. , Kerimkulova M. , Musabekov K. , Sharipova A.
Published: October 2015

The present work describes the results of a study of structuring ability of water-soluble polymers such as polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, saponification product of polyacrylonitrile (uniflok) and their interpolymer complex. On the kinetics of growth of Rehbinder’s plastic durability of coagulation structure of soil concentrated suspensions the effect of water soluble polymers and interpolymer complexes on the structure formation in the dispersions was studied. It was determined that the process is a two-step process which was caused by the adsorption step process: the binding of macromolecules with the soil surface by the random segments and conformational changes of macromolecules in the adsorbed layer. It was found that the soil stability structured by polymers against wind and water erosion increased with the concentration of water-soluble polymers. This is due to the increase of the structure formation in concentrated suspensions of soil in the presence of water soluble polymers. On the basis of the results it can be concluded that the treatment of mineral dispersions by water-soluble polymers alone or in the form of the interpolymer complex leads to a significant reduction of dust-and run-off of soil particles. The PDMDAAC/uniflok interpolymer complex in comparison with polymers reduces intensively the deflation which has a great economic and ecological importance.
The Synthesis of Nanocomposites with Use of Cellulose
Authors: Maylieva G.K. , Mirzaev A.A. , Satayeva G.E. , Jandosov J. , Mansurov Z.A.
Published: October 2015

This work studied the synthesis of nanocomposites with cellulose use as crystallizing polymer on the basis of its ability to form crystalline particles with various parameters of an elementary cell – nanoparticles of a metal or oxide origin. The authors obtained high dispersed systems by dispersion of volume phases from solutions using condensation method. At using of this method, depending on the conditions of the formation process of the new phase can be obtained as systems with a size of several nanometers as well as more coarsely dispersed systems. The dispersiveness of a system, arising during formation of new phases, is determined by ratio speed of formation and nucleus growth of new phase a phase transition. The condensation process involves the formation of new phase according the heterogeneous or homogeneous mechanisms. The kinetics formation of new phase is determined by two stages: the formation of condensation centers (nucleus) and nucleus growth. In formation process of nanocomposite materials the natural polymer with known molecular structure
is used as matrix, in which we can put desired nanoparticles in the form of filler. In this work the authors used cellulose which has developed capillary-porous structure, including in-fibrillar porous with the size of 1.5-10 nm, and which is able to form crystallites with different parameters of lattice cell.
Electrodeposition of Mo/MoOx on Copper Substrate from Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solutions
Authors: Dauletbay Akbar , Braida Washington , Nauryzbaev Mihail , Kudreeva Leila , Kurbatov Andrey , Tulegenov Akyl
Published: October 2015

Molybdenum (Mo) is a refractory metal used principally as an alloying agent in steels, cast irons, and super alloys to enhance hardness, strength, toughness, wear and corrosion resistance and it is also widely used in catalytic applications, lubricants and pigments. The single electrodeposition of Mo from aqueous solutions cannot be achieved but Mo it can be co-deposited as an alloy with iron group metals (induced co-deposition). In this study, the electrodeposition of Mo/MoOx from dimethyl sulfoxide solutions on a copper substrate has been investigated. Different experimental electrodeposition parameters have been assessed (i.e., supporting electrolyte concentration and small amounts of water to the electrolytic bath) to analyze their influence on mechanism of induced Mo/MoOx deposition. Linear scan voltammetry has been used to follow up the electrodeposition of Mo/MoOx films. Film morphology has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compositional analysis was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mo bearing films were also chemically characterized by ICP-OES analysis. An electrodeposition mechanism was developed and discussed.
Carbon as an Effective Modifier of Silicon Dioxide and Reagent for Obtaining Nanostructurized SHS-Composites
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Mofa N.N.
Published: October 2015

The peculiarities of the structure and morphology of quartz particles modified by carbon depending on MCT conditions and type of specific carbonaceous modifier were studied. Powder materials with the composition structure of the materials, which are hybrid formations organics-inorganics with a high chemical activity of its components, were obtained by combined MCT of carbon or carbon containing organic compounds with quartz. A high chemical activity of quartz particles modified by carbon is effectively realized when producing SHS-ceramics composition materials. The rate of redox processes increases, the initial reagents are most completely realized and nanosized particles of silicon carbide are formed. It is shown how one can regulate the process of combustion in SH-synthesis and produce the material of the necessary quality by modifying silicon dioxide particles in the course of MCT.
WILLINGNESS OF FARMERS TO PARTICIPATE IN FARMERS' GROUPS
Authors: OFUOKU Albert Ukaro
Published: October 2015

This study was carried out in Delta State, Nigeria to determine the factors that influence the propensity of farmers to subscribe to farmers' groups. One hundred and fifty farmers were randomly selected and data were collected from them with the application of questionnaire and interview schedule. The data were treated with the use of description statistics and Tobit regression Analysis. Subscription to membership of farmers' groups was found to be poor as evidenced in the subscription index (0.427). Marital status of farmers, educational level, household size, farm size, farming experience, extension visits and contacts with other farmers were discovered to be correlates of propensity of farmers to subscribe to self-help groups. It is recommended that extension agencies sensitize the leadership of such groups about the need to satisfy members first; organize leadership training for such leaders; and reorient farmers on the benefit of farmers' self-help groups.