bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoherence in neutrino oscillation at the ESSnuSB experiment
Authors:   The ESSnuSB collaboration, Aguilar J. , Anastasopoulos M. , Baussan E. , Bhattacharyya A. K. , Bignami A. , Blennow M. , Bogomilov M. , Bolling B. , Bouquerel E. , Bramati F. , Branca A. , Brunetti G. , Bustinduy I. , Carlile C. J. , Cederkall J. , Choi T. W. , Choubey S. , Christiansen P. , Collins M. , Cristaldo Morales E. , Cupiał P. , Danared H. , Dancila D. , de André J. P. A. M. , Dracos M. , Efthymiopoulos I. , Ekelöf T. , Eshraqi M. , Fanourakis G. , Farricker A. , Fasoula E. , Fukuda T. , Gazis N. , Geralis Th. , Ghosh M. , Giarnetti A. , Gokbulut G. , Gupta A. , Hagner C. , Halić L. , Hariharan V. T. , Hooft M. , Iversen K. E. , Jachowicz N. , Jenssen M. , Johansson R. , Kasimi E. , Kayis Topaksu A. , Kildetof B. , Kliček B. , Kordas K. , Leisos A. , Lindroos M. , Longhin A. , Maiano C. , Majumdar D. , Marangoni S. , Marrelli C. , Martins C. , Meloni D. , Mezzetto M. , Milas N. , Muñoz J. , Niewczas K. , Oglakci M. , Ohlsson T. , Olvegård M. , Pari M. , Patrzalek D. , Petkov G. , Petridou Ch. , Poussot P. , Psallidas A. , Pupilli F. , Saiang D. , Sampsonidis D. , Schwab C. , Sordo F. , Sosa A. , Stavropoulos G. , Stipčević M. , Tarkeshian R. , Terranova F. , Tolba T. , Trachanas E. , Tsenov R. , Tsirigotis A. , Tzamarias S. E. , Vankova-Kirilova G. , Vassilopoulos N. , Vihonen S. , Wurtz J. , Zeter V. , Zormpa O. , Zou Y.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Neutrino oscillation experiments provide a unique window in exploring several new physics scenarios beyond the standard three flavour. One such scenario is quantum decoherence in neutrino oscillation which tends to destroy the interference pattern of neutrinos reaching the far detector from the source. In this work, we study the decoherence in neutrino oscillation in the context of the ESSnuSB experiment. We consider the energy-independent decoherence parameter and derive the analytical expressions for Pμe and Pμμ probabilities in vacuum. We have computed the capability of ESSnuSB to put bounds on the decoherence parameters namely, Γ21 and Γ32 and found that the constraints on Γ21 are competitive compared to the DUNE bounds and better than the most stringent LBL ones from MINOS/MINOS+. We have also investigated the impact of decoherence on the ESSnuSB measurement of the Dirac CP phase δCP and concluded that it remains robust in the presence of new physics.
Knöcherne Rekonstruktionsoption bei ausgeprägter bipolarer Knochendefektsituation und anteriorer Schulterinstabilität
Authors: Imiolczyk Jan-Philipp , Akgün Doruk , Minkus Marvin , Paksoy Alp , Hazra Rony-Orjit Dey , Weiß Isabella , Thiele Kathi , Moroder Philipp
Published: August 2024

Patienten mit rezidivierenden, anteroinferioren Schulterluxationen und bipolarem Knochendefekt lassen sich zum Teil nicht mit reinen Weichteilstabilisierungen erfolgreich behandeln und benötigen oftmals knöcherne Augmentationen. Insbesondere Patienten mit Epilepsie oder fraglichen Krampfanfällen in der Vorgeschichte stellen aufgrund der oftmals massiven humeralen knöchernen Defekte eine Herausforderung dar. Zudem sollten mögliche weitere Luxationsereignisse bei einem erneuten Krampfanfall vom behandelnden Chirurgen antizipiert werden. Im Falle einer erneuten Luxation könnte es zu Implantat-assoziierten Komplikationen kommen. In diesem Fallbericht wird ein Patient mit bilateraler anteriorer Schulterinstabilität mit großem bipolarem Knochendefekt vorgestellt. Rechts wurde zweifach erfolglos eine weichteilige Stabilisierungsoperation durchgeführt. Als Stabilisierungsverfahren wurde glenoidal eine implantatfreie, knöcherne Rekonstruktion mittels J‑Span-Plastik und humeral eine metallfreie Defektauffüllung mittels Fresh-Frozen-Femurkopf-Allograft sowie Biokompressionsschrauben beidseits durchgeführt. Im 2‑Jahres-Follow-up zeigte sich beidseits eine stabile Schulter sowie eine gute Einheilung der knöchernen Rekonstruktion glenoidal und humeral mit entsprechender Remodelierung. Die kombinierte glenoidale Augmentation mit J‑Span-Plastik und der humerale Aufbau mittels Femurkopf-Allograft stellt eine gute Therapieoption für Patienten mit anteriorer Schulterinstabilität und großen bipolaren Knochendefekten dar. Insbesondere bei Patienten mit rezidivierenden Krampfanfällen ist diese glenoidal implantatfreie und humeral metallfreie operative Option erstrebenswert.
Update on the Genetics of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Jovanovic Milena , Marini Joan C.
Published: August 2024

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous heritable skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone fragility and deformity, growth deficiency, and other secondary connective tissue defects. OI is now understood as a collagen-related disorder caused by defects of genes whose protein products interact with collagen for folding, post-translational modification, processing and trafficking, affecting bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation. This review provides the latest updates on genetics of OI, including new developments in both dominant and rare OI forms, as well as the signaling pathways involved in OI pathophysiology. There is a special emphasis on discoveries of recessive mutations in TENT5A, MESD, KDELR2 and CCDC134 whose causality of OI types XIX, XX, XXI and XXI, respectively, is now established and expends the complexity of mechanisms underlying OI to overlap LRP5/6 and MAPK/ERK pathways. We also review in detail new discoveries connecting the known OI types to each other, which may underlie an eventual understanding of a final common pathway in OI cellular and bone biology.
Short-term load forecasting: cascade intuitionistic fuzzy time series—univariate and bivariate models
Authors: Cagcag Yolcu Ozge , Lam Hak-Keung , Yolcu Ufuk
Published: August 2024

Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is essential for developing reliable and sustainable economic and operational strategies for power systems. This study presents a forecasting model combining cascade forward neural network (CFNN) and intuitionistic fuzzy time series (IFTS) models for STLF. The proposed cascading intuitionistic fuzzy time series forecasting model (C-IFTS-FM) offers the advantage of CFNN using the links of both linear and nonlinear to model fuzzy relations between inputs and outputs. Moreover, it offers a more reliable and realistic approach to uncertainty, taking notice of also the degree of hesitation. C-IFTS-FM works in univariate structure when it uses only hourly load data, and in bivariate structure when it uses hourly load data and hourly temperature time series together. The conversion of time series into IFTS is realized with intuitionistic fuzzy c-means (IFCM). Thus, the membership and non-membership values for each data point are produced. In modelling process, membership and non-membership values, in addition to actual lagged observations, are used as input of the CFNNs. The effectiveness of C-IFTS-FM on test sets for both structures was discussed comparatively via different error criteria, in addition, the convergence time was examined, and also the fit of forecasts and observations was presented with different illustrations. Among different combinations of hyperparameters, in the best case, approximately 86% better accuracy is achieved than the best of the others, while even in the case of the worst of hyperparameters combination, the accuracy was improved by over 20% for the PSJM data sets. For HEXING, CHENGNAN, and EUNITE data sets, these progress rates reached approximately 90% in the best case.
Variation in surgical treatment by body mass index in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Falade Israel O. , Switalla Kayla M. , Baxter Molly E. , Quirarte Astrid , Record Helena , Rothschild Harriet T. , Clelland Elle N. , Mukhtar Rita A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) face high rates of positive margins and completion mastectomy, which can be improved with the use of specific techniques, such as oncoplastic surgery. However, prior studies have shown that type of breast cancer surgery performed is also associated with patient factors such as elevated body mass index (BMI). Thus, this study investigates whether BMI impacts the type of surgical interventions in patients with ILC.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 705 patients with stage I–III ILC from an institutional database was conducted. Patients were stratified by BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese). Pearson’s Chi-square, ANOVA, and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between BMI and surgical procedures.

Results

Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was the initial operation in 60% of patients, with no significant difference by BMI. Among those undergoing BCS, patients with obese BMI were significantly more likely to undergo oncoplastic surgery (46.9% vs. 7.7%, 37.3%, and 33.6% for underweight, normal, and overweight, respectively, p = 0.032). Obese BMI patients undergoing mastectomy were less likely to have reconstruction compared to those with underweight, normal weight, and overweight BMI (44.2% vs. 50%, 71.1%, and 64.1%, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Overweight/obese BMI patients with ILC underwent different surgical interventions compared to those with lower BMI. While initial BCS rates were similar, overweight/obese patients had higher oncoplastic surgery rates in BCS and lower reconstruction rates in mastectomy. Further research is needed to understand BMI’s impact on surgical decisions and outcomes in ILC.
Influence of Water Vapor on the Oxidation of Pure Titanium
Authors: Öztürk B. , Rudolphi M. , White E. M. H. , Dickes D. , Glatzel U. , Galetz M. C.
Published: August 2024

Titanium and titanium alloys are extensively used in the aerospace, automotive, and medical industries due to their high chemical and mechanical stability. In a previous study, the influence of water vapor on the growth of the oxide scale and the formation of the oxygen diffusion zone (ODZ) for Ti-6Al-4V was investigated using a 6-zone furnace. To elucidate the effect of water vapor on the oxide scale growth and ODZ, without the effect of alloying elements on diffusion, a systematic comparative study at 500, 600, and 700 °C for up to 500 h was carried out on pure Ti. Inert marker experiments showed that outward scale growth and diffusion of Ti4+ were promoted by water vapor. Additionally, the extent of oxygen enrichment in the subsurface zone (ODZ) as a function of temperature and time was determined for pure Ti by nanoindentation profiles and compared with results obtained for Ti-6Al-4V. The thickness of the ODZ increased with increasing temperature and time for dry air and humid air. The diffusion of oxygen ions within pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V was not significantly affected by the presence of water vapor in the oxidizing environment. The effect of water vapor on the oxide scale spallation was found to be less critical for pure Ti when compared to Ti-6Al-4V.
Roles of Refractory Solutes on the Stability of Carbide and Boride Phases in Nickel Superalloys
Authors: Singh J. B. , Ravikanth K. V.
Published: August 2024

Nickel-base superalloys contain high amounts of solutes like Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Ti, etc. These solutes promote the formation of different types of carbide and boride phases that may contain multiple elements. Researchers have mostly discussed the roles of primary elements responsible for the formation of a given carbide/boride phase, often ignoring the role of other solutes on its stability. In the present work, thermodynamic stability of carbide and boride phases in seven commercial superalloys, namely, Alloy 625, Alloy 690, Alloy 718, MAR M246, Rene 100, Udimet 710 and Nimonic 80A, has been studied using the CALPHAD based Thermo-Calc software. The aim of the study was to understand the role of different alloying elements on temperature stability and chemical compositions of equilibrium phases in superalloys. As the accuracy of CALPHAD based predictions depends upon the database used, a detailed examination of its inadequacies has also been carried out to ascertain the limitations of the predicted data. From the calculated equilibrium chemical compositions, major and minor constituents promoting the formation of carbides and borides have been identified. The individual effect of a given solute as well as the synergistic effect of two solutes on the relative thermodynamic stability of carbide/boride phases has been identified using property diagrams and isothermal sections of the temperature-composition diagrams. Most of the simulated results have been found to be consistent with the experimental data available in the literature. From a comparison of the experimental literature and the simulated data of the stable carbide and boride phases in the studied alloys, the interplay of different solutes has been deduced to define conditions under which these phases form, within the limitations of the database used. This study has helped in better understanding of general tendencies of solutes to form different carbide and boride phases in nickel-based superalloys.
Application of biochar prepared from wheat bran as the binding phase in diffusive gradient in thin films technique for determination of mercury in natural waters
Authors: Křikala Jakub , Diviš Pavel , Pořízka Jaromír , Duborská Eva , Gajdušek Martin
Published: August 2024

A novel binding gel for the DGT technique, containing biochar produced through the pyrolysis of wheat bran, was developed. The results of this study indicate that wheat bran biochar (WBBC) is a porous material with a surface area of 25 m2/g. The primary functional group on the surface of WBBC was identified as a carbonyl group, although some hydroxyl and imino groups were also detected. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that the accumulation of Hg on WBBC was significantly influenced by an increase in ionic strength, particularly in NaCl solution, owing to Hg’s high affinity for chloride ions. The performance of the DGT with WBBC binding gel was also affected by solution pH, with the optimal pH for WBBC application falling within the range of 3–7. The diffusion coefficient of Hg, depending on the matrix environment, varied between 5.44 and 6.99 × 10−6 cm2/s. When applying the newly designed DGT technique to spiked samples of river water, an R value of 0.68 was achieved. The results of this work proved that modified DGT technique allows for a cost-effective analysis of Hg in natural waters with lower salinity, while retaining the fundamental properties of the binding gel incorporating a particulate adsorbent with anchored functional groups.

Graphical Abstract
Focal mechanics and disaster characteristics of the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Peninsula Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Chen Guang-qi , Wu Yan-qiang , Xia Ming-yao , Li Zhi-yuan
Published: August 2024

On January 1, 2024, a devastating M 7.6 earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, resulting in significant casualties and property damage. Utilizing information from the first six days after the earthquake, this article analyzes the seismic source characteristics, disaster situation, and emergency response of this earthquake. The results show: 1) The earthquake rupture was of the thrust type, with aftershock distribution showing a north-east-oriented belt-like feature of 150 km. 2) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), observations detected significant westward to north-westward co-seismic displacement near the epicenter, with the maximum horizontal displacement reaching 1.2 m and the vertical uplift displacement reaching 4 m. A two-segment fault inversion model fits the observational data well. 3) Near the epicenter, large Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) were observed, with the maxima reaching 145 cm/s and 2681 gal, respectively, and the intensity reached the highest level 7 on the Japanese (Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA) intensity standard, which is higher than level 10 of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) standard. 4) The observation of the very rare multiple strong pulse-like ground motion (PLGM) waveform poses a topic worthy of research in the field of earthquake engineering. 5) As of January 7, the earthquake had left 128 deaths and 560 injuries in Ishikawa Prefecture, with 1305 buildings completely or partially destroyed, and had triggered a chain of disasters including tsunamis, fires, slope failures, and road damage. Finally, this paper summarizes the emergency rescue, information dissemination, and other disaster response and management measures taken in response to this earthquake. This work provides a reference case for carrying out effective responses, and offers lessons for handling similar events in the future.
Level of evidence in high impact surgical literature: the way forward
Authors: ElHawary Hassan , Kaleeny Joseph , ElSewify Omar , Granicz Barbara , Sachal Sukhmeet Singh , Kang Victor , Abi-Rafeh Jad , Janis Jeffrey E.
Published: August 2024

Evidence-based medicine stipulates that clinical decision-making should revolve around scientific evidence. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the methodological quality of surgical research recently published in JAMA Surgery, International Journal of Surgery, and British Journal of Surgery, the three surgical journals with the highest impact factor. An electronic search of the PUBMED database was performed to retrieve all articles published in the JAMA Surgery, International Journal of Surgery, and British Journal of Surgery in the year 2022. Three authors independently reviewed all retrieved articles and methodological designs of the publications were analyzed and rated using a modification of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence (Oxford Levels of Evidence scale). The initial search identified 1236 articles of which 809 were excluded after title and abstract screening. The remaining 427 underwent full text/methods read, of which 164 did not meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 273 studies were included in the analysis. The average level of evidence was 2.5 ± 0.8 across all studies assessed. The majority of study designs were comprised of retrospective cohorts (n = 119), prospective cohorts (n = 47), systematic reviews of non RCTs (n = 39), and RCTs (n = 37). There was no significant difference in the average level of evidence between the top three journals (p = 0.50). Most clinical studies in the highest impact factor surgical journals are of level III evidence, consistent with earlier literature. However, our analysis demonstrates a relatively higher percentage of LOE I and II compared to what was previously published in the literature.
Desensitization treatment in MIH-affected teeth: a systematic review
Authors: Hjertberg Ebba , Hajdarević Adnan , Jälevik Birgitta
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The present systematic review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding various treatment modalities and their results when dealing with hypersensitivity in teeth with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH).

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed and Scopus using the search terms "MIH AND Hypersensitivity AND treatment." Studies involving children aged 6–18 years diagnosed with MIH and exhibiting hypersensitivity were considered for inclusion. The outcomes examined included clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial treatment options for reducing hypersensitivity. A meta-analysis was performed for six of the included articles, and the I
2 value was calculated to determine heterogeneity.

Results

A total of eight articles met the inclusion criteria for this review, with six eligible for the meta-analysis. Various treatment modalities, such as dental mousse, sealing, laser therapy, and crown therapy, demonstrated significant reductions in hypersensitivity individually (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The treatment methods that offer the most effective reduction in hypersensitivity are sealing with resin composite or glass ionomer cement for mild cases of MIH, while crown therapy is more effective for severe cases of MIH. However, the small number of participants and short follow-up times limit the strength of these conclusions.
Rate transient analysis for multilateral horizontal well in natural gas hydrate: superposition principle and reciprocity
Authors: Ma Tianbi , Chu Hongyang , Li Jiawei , Zhang Jingxuan , Gao Yubao , Zhu Weiyao , John Lee W.
Published: August 2024

Due to high energy density, clean combustion products and abundant resources, natural gas hydrates (NGHs) have been regarded as an important clean energy source with the potential for large-scale development and utilization. However, pilot tests in NGHs show that their production rates are far below commercial needs. Multilateral well technology may lead to a solution to this problem because it can dramatically expand the drainage area of production wells. This paper presents the practical rate transient analysis for multilateral horizontal wells in NGHs. In developing solution to the diffusivity equation of multilateral horizontal wells in NGHs, the superposition principle and reciprocity are applied. We wrote the governing equation in cylindrical coordinates to describe the NGH flow process. We used the moving boundaries and dissociation coefficients to model the solid-to-gas transition process in hydrates. To obtain solutions for flow in hydrate reservoirs, we used Laplace transforms and the Stehfest numerical inversion method. Superposition principle and Gaussian elimination are applied to obtain the desired solution for multilateral horizontal wells. We validated our proposed model with a commercial numerical simulator. By performing sensitivity analyses, effects on production behavior of the number of branches, dissociation coefficient, radius of the region with dissociated hydrate, and dispersion ratio are determined. A synthetic case study is conducted to show the typical production behaviors.
Sharing practices of software artefacts and source code for reproducible research
Authors: Jean-Quartier Claire , Jeanquartier Fleur , Stryeck Sarah , Simon Jörg , Söser Birgit , Hasani-Mavriqi Ilire
Published: August 2024

While source code of software and algorithms depicts an essential component in all fields of modern research involving data analysis and processing steps, it is uncommonly shared upon publication of results throughout disciplines. Simple guidelines to generate reproducible source code have been published. Still, code optimization supporting its repurposing to different settings is often neglected and even less thought of to be registered in catalogues for a public reuse. Though all research output should be reasonably curated in terms of reproducibility, it has been shown that researchers are frequently non-compliant with availability statements in their publications. These do not even include the use of persistent unique identifiers that would allow referencing archives of code artefacts at certain versions and time for long-lasting links to research articles. In this work, we provide an analysis on current practices of authors in open scientific journals in regard to code availability indications, FAIR principles applied to code and algorithms. We present common repositories of choice among authors. Results further show disciplinary differences of code availability in scholarly publications over the past years. We advocate proper description, archiving and referencing of source code and methods as part of the scientific knowledge, also appealing to editorial boards and reviewers for supervision.
Sustainable leadership and sustainable entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ribeiro Greice Kely Aragão , Leitão João
Published: August 2024

The article aims to assess the connection between sustainable leadership and sustainable entrepreneurship, by providing a framework based on the main findings of the clusters relating the effectiveness of that connection. Using the Web of Science databases and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 149 articles were retrieved and analysed. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using R-Studio software. The main findings unveil that sustainable leadership and sustainable entrepreneurship are interrelated concepts that play a key role in promoting responsible business practices and formulating solutions to contemporary socio-environmental challenges. The study’s main contribution lies in highlighting the importance of knowledge about sustainable leadership, sustainable entrepreneurship and their links. In practical terms, analysis of the connection between sustainable leadership and sustainable entrepreneurship reveals how the former plays an important role in promoting the latter, inspiring and supporting entrepreneurs in the adoption of sustainable practices, generating a positive socio-environmental impact as well as economic value for the firm. There is a need for more research on sustainable leadership, especially correlating its effectiveness in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship.
Epidemiology and healthcare resource utilisation associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Morgan Christopher Llewellyn , Godfrey Josie , Chandler Fleur , Reuben Emily , Currie Craig J.
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and associated healthcare resource utilisation and costs from an England perspective.

Methods

Patients with DMD were selected by recorded diagnoses from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database and matched to non-DMD controls. The point prevalence of DMD (2020) was estimated. Primary care, inpatient, outpatient, and A&E department contacts and prescription items emanating from primary care were aggregated and their costs were compared between cases and controls. People with DMD were further classified by ambulatory phase and ventilation status and respective costs presented.

Results

The point prevalence of DMD in 2020 was 3.23 per 100,0000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.82–3.63). There was a significant increase in contacts in all healthcare sectors compared to controls: primary care (incidence rate ratios (IRR) = 3.19 (95% CI 3.11–3.28)), inpatient admissions (IRR = 9.24 (95% CI 8.19–10.46)), outpatient appointments (IRR = 11.44 (95% CI 10.95–11.96)) and accident and emergency (IRR = 1.65 (1.52–1.81)). Overall, healthcare costs were almost ten-fold higher (adjusted cost ratio (ACR = 9.33 (95% CI 6.75–12.91)). Healthcare costs increased with the progression of DMD: £2816, on average, in the ambulatory phase; £5700 in the non-ambulatory without-ventilation, and £7634 in the non-ambulatory with ventilation phase.

Conclusion

DMD was associated with almost a ten-fold increase in healthcare costs. Worsening DMD status, as characterized by non-ambulation and requirement for ventilation, was associated with increased costs. However, the use of standard tariffs may underestimate the true financial burden of the condition. This assessment excluded social care and carer costs some of which will encompass medical needs and may contribute significantly to the cost burden of DMD.
Comparison of radiological and histopathological features between interval and screen-detected breast cancers: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Schirano Anna Maria , Dell’Aquila Livia , Melucci Giuseppe , Galeotti Roberto
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To compare tumor features of interval breast cancers (IBCs) with those of screen-detected breast cancers (SDBCs), focusing on true interval breast cancers (TIBCs).

Methods

A retrospective case–control study within the population-based Rimini breast screening program was performed. Between 2018 and 2023, 115 IBCs and 229 SDBCs were compared (matched 1:2) with multivariate analysis.

Results

47% of IBC were TIBCs. In IBCs and TIBCs, the following features were more frequent than in SDBCs: triple-negative phenotype (16.5, 22.2, 2.6% respectively), high histological grading (49.6, 53.7, 30.1%), multifocality (39.1, 35.2, 15.7%), lymph node involvement (33, 27.8, 8.7%), and high breast density (60.9, 61.1, 17%) with a p value ≤ 0.05 for each of them.

Conclusion

In this cohort study, IBCs, especially TIBCs, were proved to be more aggressive than SDBCs in relation to invasiveness, advanced stage, histopathological features, and molecular phenotype (with the highest rates of high histological grading, triple-negative phenotype, and invasive lobular cancer).
On Thin Ice: Solar Geoengineering to Manage Tipping Element Risks in the Cryosphere by 2040
Authors: Smith Wake , Bartels Madeline F. , Boers Jasper G. , Rice Christian V.
Published: August 2024

Tipping elements are features of the climate system that can display self‐reinforcing and non‐linear responses if pushed beyond a certain threshold (the “tipping point”). Models suggest that we may surpass several of these tipping points in the next few decades, irrespective of which emissions pathway humanity follows. Some tipping elements reside in the Arctic and Antarctic and could potentially be avoided or arrested via a stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) program applied only at the poles. This paper considers the utility of proactively developing the capacity to respond to emergent tipping element threats at the poles as a matter of risk management. It then examines both the air and ground infrastructure that would be required to operationalize such capability by 2040 and finds that this would require a funded launch decision by a financially credible actor by roughly 2030.
On the Abnormally Strong Westward Phase of the Mesospheric Semiannual Oscillation at Low Latitudes During March Equinox 2023
Authors: Suclupe Jose , Chau Jorge L. , Conte J. Federico , Pedatella Nicholas M. , Garcia Rolando , Sato Kaoru , Zülicke Christoph , Lima Lourivaldo M. , Li Guozhu , Bhaskara Rao S. Vijaya , Ratnam M. Venkat , Rodriguez Rodolfo , Scipion Danny
Published: August 2024

Different meteor radars at low latitudes observed abnormally strong westward mesospheric winds around the March Equinox of 2023, that is, during the first phase of the Mesospheric Semiannual Oscillation. This event was the strongest of at least the last decade (2014–2023). The westward winds reached −80 m/s at 82 km of altitude in late March, and decreased with increasing altitude and latitude. A considerable increase in the diurnal tide amplitude was also observed. The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension constrained to meteorological reanalysis up to ∼50 km does not capture the observed low‐latitude behavior. Additionally, these strong mesospheric winds developed during the westerly phase of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation, in accordance with the filtering mechanism of gravity waves in the stratosphere proposed in previous works. Finally, analysis of SABER temperatures strongly suggests that the breaking of the migrating diurnal tide may be the main driver of these strong winds.
Delayed definitive management of localized prostate cancer: what do we know?
Authors: Mohamad Osama , Li Yun Rose , Feng Felix , Hong Julian C. , Wong Anthony , El Kouzi Zakaria , Shelan Mohamed , Zilli Thomas , Carroll Peter , Roach Mack
Published: August 2024

Delays in the work-up and definitive management of patients with prostate cancer are common, with logistics of additional work-up after initial prostate biopsy, specialist referrals, and psychological reasons being the most common causes of delays. During the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent surges, timing of definitive care delivery with surgery or radiotherapy has become a topic of significant concern for patients with prostate cancer and their providers alike. In response, recommendations for the timing of definitive management of prostate cancer with radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy were published but without a detailed rationale for these recommendations. While the COVID-19 pandemic is behind us, patients are always asking the question: “When should I start radiation or undergo surgery?” In the absence of level I evidence specifically addressing this question, we will hereby present a narrative review to summarize the available data on the effect of treatment delays on oncologic outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer from prospective and retrospective studies.
MFGE8 promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rats following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via modifying the integrin β3/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Li Zhen-Yan , Yang Xian , Wang Ji-Kai , Yan Xiao-Xin , Liu Fei , Zuo Yu-Chun
Published: August 2024

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most severe type of cerebral strokes, which can cause multiple cellular changes in the brain leading to neuronal injury and neurological deficits. Specifically, SAH can impair adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, thus may affecting poststroke neurological and cognitive recovery. Here, we identified a non-canonical role of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) in rat brain after experimental SAH, involving a stimulation on adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN). Experimental SAH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via endovascular perforation, with the in vivo effect of MFGE8 evaluated via the application of recombinant human MFGE8 (rhMFGE8) along with pharmacological interventions, as determined by hemorrhagic grading, neurobehavioral test, and histological and biochemical analyses of neurogenesis related markers. Results: Levels of the endogenous hippocampal MFGE8 protein, integrin-β3 and protein kinase B (p-Akt) were elevated in the SAH relative to control groups, while that of hippocalcin (HPCA) and cyclin D1 showed the opposite change. Intraventricular rhMGFE8 infusion reversed the decrease in doublecortin (DCX) immature neurons in the DG after SAH, along with improved the short/long term neurobehavioral scores. rhMGFE8 treatment elevated the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), CyclinD1, HPCA and DCX in hippocampal lysates, but not that of integrin β3 and Akt, at 24 hr after SAH. Treatment of integrin β3 siRNA, the PI3K selective inhibitor ly294002 or Akt selective inhibitor MK2206 abolished the effects of rhMGFE8 after SAH. In conclusion, MFGE8 is upregulated in the hippocampus in adult rats with reduced granule cell genesis. rhMFGE8 administration can rescue this impaired adult neurogenesis and improve neurobehavioral recovery. Mechanistically, the effect of MFGE8 on hippocampal adult neurogenesis is mediated by the activation of integrin β3/Akt pathway. These findings suggest that exogenous MFGE8 may be of potential therapeutic value in SAH management.
Multimodal tactile sensing fused with vision for dexterous robotic housekeeping
Authors: Mao Qian , Liao Zijian , Yuan Jinfeng , Zhu Rong
Published: August 2024

As robots are increasingly participating in our daily lives, the quests to mimic human abilities have driven the advancements of robotic multimodal senses. However, current perceptual technologies still unsatisfied robotic needs for home tasks/environments, particularly facing great challenges in multisensory integration and fusion, rapid response capability, and highly sensitive perception. Here, we report a flexible tactile sensor utilizing thin-film thermistors to implement multimodal perceptions of pressure, temperature, matter thermal property, texture, and slippage. Notably, the tactile sensor is endowed with an ultrasensitive (0.05 mm/s) and ultrafast (4 ms) slip sensing that is indispensable for dexterous and reliable grasping control to avoid crushing fragile objects or dropping slippery objects. We further propose and develop a robotic tactile-visual fusion architecture that seamlessly encompasses multimodal sensations from the bottom level to robotic decision-making at the top level. A series of intelligent grasping strategies with rapid slip feedback control and a tactile-visual fusion recognition strategy ensure dexterous robotic grasping and accurate recognition of daily objects, handling various challenging tasks, for instance grabbing a paper cup containing liquid. Furthermore, we showcase a robotic desktop-cleaning task, the robot autonomously accomplishes multi-item sorting and cleaning desktop, demonstrating its promising potential for smart housekeeping.
Membrane depolarization kills dormant Bacillus subtilis cells by generating a lethal dose of ROS
Authors: Gray Declan A. , Wang Biwen , Sidarta Margareth , Cornejo Fabián A. , Wijnheijmer Jurian , Rani Rupa , Gamba Pamela , Turgay Kürşad , Wenzel Michaela , Strahl Henrik , Hamoen Leendert W.
Published: August 2024

The bactericidal activity of several antibiotics partially relies on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is generally linked to enhanced respiration and requires the Fenton reaction. Bacterial persister cells, an important cause of recurring infections, are tolerant to these antibiotics because they are in a dormant state. Here, we use Bacillus subtilis cells in stationary phase, as a model system of dormant cells, to show that pharmacological induction of membrane depolarization enhances the antibiotics’ bactericidal activity and also leads to ROS production. However, in contrast to previous studies, this results primarily in production of superoxide radicals and does not require the Fenton reaction. Genetic analyzes indicate that Rieske factor QcrA, the iron-sulfur subunit of respiratory complex III, seems to be a primary source of superoxide radicals. Interestingly, the membrane distribution of QcrA changes upon membrane depolarization, suggesting a dissociation of complex III. Thus, our data reveal an alternative mechanism by which antibiotics can cause lethal ROS levels, and may partially explain why membrane-targeting antibiotics are effective in eliminating persisters.
Qualitative surface roughness of lithium disilicate endo-crown for pulpotomized primary molars
Authors: Mahfouz Omer Shaimaa M. , El-Desouky Shaimaa S. , El-Saady Badawy Rania , Hadwa Shimaa M. , Ali Abdel Latif Reham M.
Published: August 2024

Rehabilitation of pulpotomized primary molars with an appropriate restoration is essential for recovering function and safeguarding the durability of the treatment. This study aimed to assess and compare the surface roughness of stainless steel (ST) crowns, zirconia (ZR) crowns, fiberglass (FG) crowns, and lithium disilicate (LD) endo-crowns as a restoration for pulpotomized primary molars also, evaluating the surface roughness of their antagonists. Sixty pulpotomized primary mandibular first molars were used for qualitative surface roughness evaluation and divided into four groups (n = 15/group) according to the crown type (group-ST, group-ZR, group-FG, group-LD). While the other sixty sound, unprepared primary maxillary first molars were used for evaluation of their surface roughness against the tested crowns. Specimens’ preparation and cementation were carried out according to each crown type and manufacturer’s instructions. The surface roughness was done using a two-body wear test. The data were statistically analyzed. All tested crowns showed an increased change in surface roughness, except group-ZR, which had the least change in surface roughness after mechanical wear with no statistically significant difference(P = 0.681). All crown types significantly increased the surface roughness of their antagonists after mechanical wear, except group-ST which showed insignificant affection (p ≥ 0.05). Zirconia crowns and lithium disilicate endo-crowns had the least change in surface roughness compared to other groups while SSCs showed the least tooth loss in the antagonist enamel.
Assessing surface water quality in Hungary’s Danube basin using geochemical modeling, multivariate analysis, irrigation indices, and Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Saeed Omar , Székács András , Jordán Győző , Mörtl Mária , Abukhadra Mostafa R. , El-Sherbeeny Ahmed M. , Szűcs Péter , Eid Mohamed Hamdy
Published: August 2024

Evaluation of water quality is crucial for managing surface water effectively, ensuring its suitability for human use, and sustaining the environment. In the lower Danube River basin, various methods were employed to assess surface water quality for irrigation, drinking, human health risk purposes and the main mechanism control the surface water chemistry. These methods included water quality indicators (WQIs), complex statistical analyses, geographic information systems (GIS), Monte Carlo simulation, and geochemical modeling. Physicochemical analyses of surface water samples revealed primarily Ca–Mg–HCO3− is the dominant water types. Principal component analysis (PCA), ionic ratios and piper, chloro alkaline index, Chadha, and Gibbs diagrams identified three distinct water characteristics influenced by water-rocks interaction, evaporation, ions exchange, and human activities. The geochemical modeling showed Danube River water’s strong ability to dissolve gypsum, halite, and anhydrite (SI < 0) and precipitate aragonite, dolomite, and calcite with saturation index (SI) value greater than 0 along its flow path. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI = 99.6–107.6), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR = 0.37–0.68), sodium percentage (Na% = 13.7–18.7), soluble sodium percentage (SSP = 12.5–17.5), Potential Salinity (PS = 0.73–1.6), and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC = − 1.27–0.58) values were used, mainly indicating acceptable quality with some limitations. Danube River water was unsuitable for drinking based on WQI value (WQI = 81–104). Oral exposure of children to specific components showed a higher hazard index (HI > 1) compared to adults, indicating a 2.1 times higher overall non-carcinogenic risk hazard index. However, Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated negligible iron, manganese, and nitrate health hazards for both age groups. These findings are valuable for water quality management decisions, contributing to long-term resource sustainability.
Automated and parallel transfer of arrays of oriented graphene ribbons
Authors: Bencherif Amira , Tie Monique , Martel Richard , Bouilly Delphine
Published: August 2024

The transfer of two-dimensional materials from their growth substrate onto application wafers is a critical bottleneck in scaling-up devices based on such nanomaterials. Here, we present an innovative approach to achieve the automated and simultaneous transfer of arrays of graphene ribbons, with precise control over their orientation and alignment onto patterned wafers. The transfer is performed in a simple, yet efficient apparatus consisting of an array of glass columns, strategically shaped to control ribbon orientation and arranged to match the destination wafer, coupled to a dual inflow/outflow pumping system. This apparatus enables the transfer of a custom array of parallel graphene ribbons in a fraction of the time required with traditional methods. The quality of the transferred graphene was evaluated using optical imaging, scanning electron microscopy, hyperspectral Raman imaging, and electrical transport: all consistently indicating that the transferred graphene exhibits excellent quality, comparable to a manual transfer by an expert user. The proposed apparatus offers several competitive advantages, including ease of use, high transfer throughput, and reduced nanomaterial consumption. Moreover, it can be used repeatedly on the same wafer to assemble arrays of overlayed materials with controlled relative orientations. This approach thus opens promising opportunities for the large-scale fabrication of various heterostructures and devices based on vertical assemblies of 2D nanomaterials.
An improved framework for efficiently modeling organic aerosol (OA) considering primary OA evaporation and secondary OA formation from VOCs, IVOCs, and SVOCs
Authors: Huang Ling , Wu Zi'ang , Liu Hanqing , Yarwood Greg , Huang Dandan , Wilson Gary , Chen Hui , Ji Dongsheng , Tao Jun , Han Zhiwei , Wang Yangjun , Wang Hongli , Huang Cheng , Li Li
Published: August 2024

A modified framework for efficiently modeling OA, considering POA evaporation and SOA formation from VOCs, IVOCs, and SVOCs was established, showing substantial improved model performance.
Road to valorisation of melon seeds (Cucumis melo L.): a comprehensive review of nutritional profiles, biological activities, and food applications
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Li Ziqian , Liu Litai , Xiang Qisen
Published: August 2024

This review intends to promote a better understanding of melon seed properties that could enable the efficient utilisation of melon seeds and promote viable valorisation routes.
On the synthesis of biorefineries for high-yield isobutanol production: from biomass-to-alcohol experiments to system level analysis
Authors: Pastore de Lima Arthur E. , Coplien Jason , Anthony Larry C. , Sato Trey K. , Zhang Yaoping , Karlen Steven D. , Hittinger Chris Todd , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: August 2024

High yield isobutanol production is experimentally demonstrated. The solvent-to-biomass ratio during pretreatment and enzyme production during hydrolysis are identified as the major economic drivers of the biorefinery.
Magnetic amino-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite for PFAS removal from water
Authors: Mahpishanian Shokouh , Zhou Muchu , Foudazi Reza
Published: August 2024

Magnetic amino-functionalized graphene oxide is a promising adsorbent for removing “forever chemicals” from water.
Accurate modeling of the potential energy surface of atmospheric molecular clusters boosted by neural networks
Authors: Kubečka Jakub , Ayoubi Daniel , Tang Zeyuan , Knattrup Yosef , Engsvang Morten , Wu Haide , Elm Jonas
Published: August 2024

We present the application of machine learning methods to alleviate the computational cost of quantum chemistry calculations required for modeling atmospheric molecular clusters.
Institutional structure and governance capability in universities: an empirical study from the perspectives of time, space, and quantity dimensions
Authors: Luo Zhimin , Junfeng Ma , Abbasi Babar Nawaz , Zilong Li
Published: August 2024

Institutions are pivotal in university governance, symbolizing stable organizational power reflective of governance capacity. The strategic organization of a university’s internal structures aims to align with its developmental goals. The effectiveness of these arrangements is evaluated by their congruence with the university’s characteristics and norms, aiming to enhance governance for growth and sustainability. Thus, the primary aim of this study is to determine whether this layout can strengthen the university’s governance ability, enhancing its prospects for survival and development. This study introduces a novel theoretical framework across the dimensions of time, space, and quantity, utilizing governance elements to assess the impact of institutional layouts on governance capabilities. Data were gathered through a self-developed survey questionnaire, with a total of 742 valid responses collected, and by employing a high-dimensional fixed-effects model, we found that the three-dimensional institutional layouts significantly impact governance capabilities, with effects varying by the institution’s affiliation. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis shows that university governance capabilities are also manifested through different configurations of governance elements under institutional layout, and are influenced by the responsiveness, collaboration, and expansion of the entire institutional system. Moreover, our analysis indicates a threshold effect in the tenure of institutional members, where both excessive and insufficient enthusiasm impact governance capabilities differently. This suggests the importance of a strategic institutional layout that aligns with the governance elements’ dynamics of timeliness, flexibility, distribution, and scarcity across time, space, and quantity. Achieving an optimal arrangement enhances the university’s governance efficiency significantly. In light of these findings, policy implications were proposed.