bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Physical Properties for China Railway Grade B Cast Steel Wheel
Authors: Zhao Yong Xiang , Yang Bing , Song Guo Xiang
Published: July 2011

Chemical composition and physical properties are measured and inspected for China railway grade B cast steel wheel. The wheel shows slight higher for chemical elements C and Cr, much higher for Al and Mo, and significant lower for P and S comparing to the AAR code. Gross pearlites plus net-like continuum ferrites appear in wheel hub; ferrites exhibit also net-likely but dis-continuously in web with a shot peening effect; and in rim, dis-continuous ferrites with few of net-like signs distribute randomly due to a quenching and tempering effect. Bigger hardness values appear in rim; and the values in web and hub appear a decrease in sequence. Major flaw affecting material condense is shrinkage porosities. Flawed content is closely between hub and web. More condense appears in rim. Material inclusions are non-metallic compounds of MnS and Al2O3. They appear sphere-like shapes having around 8 μm diameters.
Study on Nugget Diameter and Joint Strength of Dissimilar Metals in Capacitor Charging Projection Welding
Authors: Tseng Kuang Hung , Chen Yung Chuan
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of operating conditions on nugget diameter and joint strength of KOVAR alloy and SPCC steel in projection welding of dissimilar metals. All projection welds were produced with a capacitor charging power supply. Harris and Riley type projection was embossed on SPCC steel sheet. The nugget diameter was estimated using a peel test. The lap-joint strength of projection welds was evaluated using a tensile-shear test. The results indicated that the nugget diameter and joint strength increase as the weld current increase. Increasing the electrode force will produce a small nugget diameter. The nugget diameter of projection welds is a good indicator of the lap-joint strength.
Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Properties of Hot Compression Aluminum Alloy 7A04
Authors: Meng Mu , Zhang Zhi Min , Yu Jian Min , Li Xin Kai
Published: July 2011

Aluminum alloy 7A04 compressed at high deformation temperature and large deformation is applied in two different heat treatment (T5 and T6), then microstructure and properties of the alloy after heat treatment are investigated. The mechanical properties are studied by means of the tensile testing and the hardness testing. The microstructure characteristics and the fractorgraphy analysis are respectively investigated with optical microscopy and SEM. The experimental results indicate that after T6 heat treatment, the second-phase particles dispersed in the matrix, which can efficiently improving the strength of the alloy, but reduced the toughness. After T5 heat treatment, the coarse and discontinuous second-phase is distributed along the grain boundary, which can lead to the low strength and high toughness because of the lack of the strengthening phase in the grains. The fracture appearance is intercrystalline fracture after T6 heat treatment, and dimple transgranular fracture after T5 heat treatment.
Localized Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel under a NaCl Droplet
Authors: Wang Yan Hua , Liu Yuan Yuan
Published: July 2011

The distributions of corrosion potential and galvanic current of 304 stainless steel under a NaCl droplet were studied by using the wire beam electrode (WBE). It was found that the distributions of the electrochemical parameters were heterogeneous with isolated anodic and cathodic zones appeared randomly. During the corrosion process, the polarity of some anodes changed with the evolution of time. The localized corrosion rate and heterogeneity increased firstly, and then decreased afterward with the increase of time, which can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the aggressive ions and the corrosion products.
Computational and Experimental Study of Temperature Distribution and Residual Stress in Butt-Joint TIG Welds
Authors: Tseng Kuang Hung , Chen Kuan Lung
Published: July 2011

This work conducted a non-linear finite element model associated with arc efficiency to simulate the temperature distribution and residual stress. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of temperature and stress in butt-joint TIG welds was performed using commercial software ANSYS. This model includes adjusting Gaussian distribution heat flux, alternating temperature dependent material properties, and managing thermal elasto-plastic material behavior. Computational results for both the temperature distribution and the residual stress are compared with available experimental data to confirm the accuracy of this technique. The simulated results of temperature distribution and residual stress are in good agreement with corresponding experimental data. The greatest value of this work does not lie in its ability to predict the magnitude and distribution of weld temperature and residual stress. Rather, this work proposed that prediction errors in a finite element model can be eliminated by modifying the arc power distribution function.
450°C-Based Pyrolysis- GC/MS Analysis of Utilization of Benzene/Ethanol-Extracted Residue from Oil-Tea Cake
Authors: He Gong Xiu , Zhang Dang Quan , Liu Qi Mei , Peng Kuan
Published: July 2011

The extractives of oil-tea cake are considered to have bioactive components, but the extracted residues of oil-tea cake are still not utilized. The analytical result by 450°C-based Pyrolysis-GC/MS showed that 42 peaks were obtained from the 450°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol-extracted residues of oil-tea cake, and 41 compounds representing 97.53% of the total areas were identified. The analytical result revealed that the main components of benzene/ethanol-extracted residues of oil-tea cake by 450°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS were as: Ethanone, 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-Methylphenyl)- (19.16%), Phenol, 2-Methoxy-6-(2-Propenyl)- (15.24%), Mequinol (14.37%), 2-Cyclohexen-1-One, 4,4,6-Trimethyl- (6.51%), 1,2-Cyclobutanedicarboxylic Acid, Trans- (5.68%), 3-Tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxyanisole (4.92%), Phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-Methyl- (4.33%), Phenol, 4-Ethyl-2-Methoxy- (3.62%), Vanillin (3.59%), Phenol, 2,6-Dimethoxy-4- (2-Propenyl)- (3.17%), N,N-Dimethyl-2-Cyclohexyloxyethylamine (2.94%), 1,3-Cyclopentanedione, 2-Methyl- (2.85%), Eugenol (2.56%), etc. The results of function analyses showed that the benzene/ethanol-extracted residues of oil-tea cake contain abundant components of rare natural medicinal materials, and materials of high-grade spice, cosmetic and food industry.
Determination of Bioactive Components of 600 °C Pyrolyzate from Acetone/Ethanol Extractives of Moso Bamboo Root by Pyrolysis-GC/MS
Authors: Li Qing , Peng Kuan , Zhang Dang Quan
Published: July 2011

The bioactive components of acetone/ethanol extractives of Moso bamboo root was identified by 600°C-based Pyrolysis-GC/MS. 45 compounds representing 96.31 % of the total areas were identified from these 47 peaks. The main components in the 600°C pyrolyzate of benzene/methanol extractives of Moso bamboo root by Pyrolysis- GC/MS analysis are as: Phenol, 2,6-Dimethoxy- (12.58%), 4-Hydroxy-2-Methylacetophenone (9.53%), 3',5'-Dimethoxy- acetophenone (8.15%), Mequinol (7.84%), 2-Propenoic Acid, 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-,(E)- (7.49%), .Gamma.-Sitosterol (3.62%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(1-Propenyl)- (3.61%), Thiophene, 2-Isobutyl-5-Isopentyl- (3.28%), Phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-(1-Propenyl)- (3.03%), Tetradecanoic Acid (2.96%), Phenol, 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(2-Propenyl)- (2.74%), Phosphonic Acid, (P-Hydroxyphenyl)- (2.21%), Furan, 2-Methoxy- (1.97%), Squalene (1.83%), Z,Z-6,28-Heptatriactontadien-2-One (1.72%), Bis(2-Methoxyethyl) Phthalate (1.55%), etc. The result showed that the 600°C pyrolyzate of acetone/ethanol extractives of Moso bamboo root is rich in biomedical components, and also contains some bioactive components which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade spice, cosmetic and food industry.
Synthesis of Al2O3 Reinforced Ti3AlC2 In Situ Composites from Ti, Al, TiO2 and C
Authors: Zhu Jian Feng , Ye Lan
Published: July 2011

Al2O3 reinforced Ti3A1C2 in situ composites have been fabricated by reactive hot pressing method from the mixture of Ti, Al, TiO2 and C. The phase formation and transformation regularity of samples during the process of hot pressing were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures of the synthesized samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the reactions of powder mixture during the hot press sintering could be divided into three stages: firstly, Ti reacted with Al to form TiAl intermetallics, and Ti reacted with C to form TiC, respectively; and then TiO2 was reduced by Al to form Al2O3, TiAl intermetallics reacted with TiC to form Ti2A1C; finally Ti3A1C2 was formed through the reaction between Ti2A1C and TiC.
Advances in Fusion Welding Technique of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Tseng Kuang Hung , Sung Hsiang Lin
Published: July 2011

Activated flux assisted tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of austenitic 316L stainless steel was investigated. Autogenous TIG welding was used to produce a bead-on-plate weld. The FeO, FeS, and FeF2 were selected as the flux powders. The results showed that the FeS and FeO fluxes produced high aspect ratio welds, while the FeF2 flux produced a relatively low aspect ratio weld. The undercut defect was produced with use of the FeS flux. An experimental result suggested the constriction of arc column as a mechanism in improving activated TIG penetration. In addition, activated TIG process can increase the delta-ferrite content in austenitic stainless steel weld metal.
Die Parameters Optimized for Drawing of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet by Finite Element Method
Authors: Zeng Shao Feng , Chen Wen Zhe
Published: July 2011

In this study AZ31 sheet with a thickness of 1.2mm and diameter of 52mm was simulated to press into a dish by a finite element method(FEM) software, which to obtain better processing of plastics forming of magnesium alloy by varying die parameters. In order to find the way of development on drawing property and to formulate the rational stamping processing, simulations have been applied on the maximum principal stress various with round radius of dent die and round radius of punch and die gap. Simulation results show that: to obtain a dish of 29mm diameter, a sheet of AZ31 magnesium with a thickness of 1.2mm and diameter of 52mm has been drawn, the fracture occurring at the corner of dish wall bottom. the ability of drawing varies with the round radius of dent die, which better radius is 3.8 mm. In the same way better round radius of punch is 3.0 mm, while better half gap is 1.8mm. Experiments also show that high diameter ratio has been increased with the various of die parameters and forming ability of material has been developed. It is reliable of simulation of finite element method.
Control Module of Laser Metal Deposition Shaping System
Authors: Zhang Kai , Shang Xiao Feng , Liu Wei Jun
Published: July 2011

The Laser Metal Deposition Shaping (LMDS) is a state-of-the-art technology which correlates the Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (RP&M) and laser processing. During this process, a certain alloy is fused onto the surface of a substrate. Laser deposition devices, namely powder feeder, CNC worktable, and laser shutter, are integrated to automatically make any cladding profile possible. Material is deposited by scanning the laser across a surface while injecting metallic powders into the molten pool at the laser focus. The metal part is then fabricated layer by layer. The LMDS system consists of four primary components: energy supply module, motion control module, powder delivery module, and computer control module. These modules of LMDS system individually perform the specified functions, but coordinate with each other. One of them, the control module plays an important role in causing the LMDS system automatic and intelligent. The control module can be divided into hardware and software components. The hardware structure mainly includes industrial computer, motors, and motion control card, which build the overall framework, and are driven by software structure. The software structure, namely the system application program with GUI, can instruct every module of LMDS system to finish the motion cooperatively adjust the processing parameters freely, and fulfill the LMDS technology automatically and intelligently. The hardware and software structures work in harmony with each other, thus flexibly controlling the LMDS system.
Zirconium Alloys Thin Walled Pipe Automatic Comprehensive Measuring System
Authors: Zhong Hua Yong , Zhai Hua , Zhao Han
Published: July 2011

The super high-quality zirconium alloys thin walled pipe is an important part in the nuclear power station to transmit nuclear fuel, and it should be possessed higher quality in diameter error and straightness and be required to measure on-line. A super high-quality zirconium alloys thin walled pipe automatic comprehensive measuring system had been proposed according to the relative two sensor method, and the system can perform the measurement of 9 sections’ diameter error, straightness, ellipse error on the zirconium alloys thin walled pipe, with the measuring time shorten to 25s, and distinguish the reject part from the detected parts, which had been applied in the zirconium alloys thin walled pipe manufacturing pipeline. Two measurement results to the on-line multiple sample 50 parts randomly can coincide better between manual operations and the automatic comprehensive measuring system.
The Infiltration of Green Chemistry Concept in University Chemical Education
Authors: Wang Yue Hui , Tian Hong Yan , Jia Dan Dan , Wang Hong Lei , Liu Lu , Wang Dong Jun
Published: July 2011

College of chemistry is the required course of every non-liberal arts students, how to teach them with green chemistry concepts is a key question. America Chemistry Society presents 12 guide linesof green chemistry. Based on these guide lines, thispaper introduces the significance of green chemistry, the principle and the concrete measures and means of education.
Finite Element Analsysis of Deformation during Continuopus Rolling on CSP
Authors: Chen Xia , Zhang Yun Xiang , Chang Qing Ming , Chen Chang Jun , Xiong Jiu Lang
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the CSP (compact strip production) technology was studied with the aid of elastic-plastic and thermal-mechanical coupled FEM using commercial software ABAQUS. The distribution and change of temperature, stress and strain field in rolling process were analyzed. In the view of boundary conditional influence on temperature, some factors such as thermal exchange between the work-roll and the thin slab, plastic deforming quantity of heat, cooling flux, convection and radiation heat exchange were considered during simulation. The results show contact heat conduction and deformation heat are the main factors that influence the temperature change of the thin slab. A good agreement was found between the predicted and the experimental data.
An Intelligent Incremental Conductance MPPT Method for a Photovoltaic System
Authors: Chao Kuei Hsiang , Lee Yu Hsu
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a novel incremental conductance (INC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on extension theory is developed to make full use of photovoltaic (PV) array output power. The proposed method can adjust the step size to track the PV array’s maximum power point (MPP) automatically. Compared with the conventional fixed step size INC method, the presented approach is able to effectively improve the dynamic response and steady state performance of a PV system simultaneously. A theoretical analysis and the design principle of the proposed method are described in detail. Some simulation results are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT method.
Research of Unattended Management System Based on RFID Technology in Parking Lot
Authors: Yang Xiao Wei , Dong Xue Ren , Ma Yu Zhen , Liu Feng Nan
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we conducted the research on RFID technology in the application of parking management system. The system adopts the scheme of RFID technology combined with background application software, whose foreground uses Visual basic 6.0 to carry on the application procedure development, and background carries on the data administration work with access database. It collects ID information by RFID module, and then uses computer software technology to charge fees even though vehicles do not stop. In that way the system achieves the automation of management and charge. In addition, this paper has also introduced RFID hardware components, operating principle, installation method of readers and control equipment (PC) in the parking site, system software design, development processes of software data acquisition in detail.
Effects of Long-Term Training on the Pulmonary Function of Outstanding U-Half Pipe Snowboard Athletes
Authors: Gao Hai Ning , Ding Hua , Zhao Bin
Published: July 2011

Through measuring the respiratory function of 17 outstanding U-Half Pipe snowboard athletes, compared with the normal students，to understand the basic conditions of their respiratory system. The results showed that: there were higher levels in the expiratory volume (EV) and expiratory reserve volume (RV) of female snowboard skiers than that of normal students; there were higher levels in small airway ventilation and pulmonary ventilation (PV) of outstanding U-Half Pipe snowboard athletes than that of normal students; the FEV1/FVC of outstanding U-Half Pipe snowboard athletes were below 80%.
The Impact of Low-Temperature Liquid Hydrogen Filling System on the Bend Pipe
Authors: Song Jian Jun , Du Xiao Ping , Zhao Ji Guang , Chen Jing Peng , Wang Qiao , Feng Bi Ming , Li Xin , Jiang Yu
Published: July 2011

The launch site security issues have been became the focus of the world’s research for several decades. Aiming at the filling system, the pipe vibration caused by the liquid hydrogen which flowed through the bend pipe was studied. And based on the computational fluid dynamics, the flow field was simulated according to the numerical simulation method. Then, the changes of flow parameters i.e. pressure and velocity at the bend were observed. The simulation results showed that: (1) the speed and the pressure of the liquid hydrogen would have a sudden change which was caused by flow direction and it would create a vortex which could erode the pipe and lead to the pipe vibration in the region. As a result, the pipe would deteriorate caused by the vortex. (2) the flow field analysis using the numerical simulation method was feasible. And the method provided a flow field distribution directly and design basis for filling system pipes.
High Speed Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography for Imaging Biological Tissue In Vivo
Authors: Ma Zhen He , Su Yi Xiong , He Zhong Hai , Wang Qiao Yun
Published: July 2011

A high speed spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT) system was demonstrated. An achievable scanning speed of 92k line/sec has been reached and it can acquire 3-dimensional data sets in ~3 second. The axial resolution of ~13μm and lateral resolution of ~16μm have been realized. The system is capable of a theoretical depth measurement 3.2mm in air. We also measured the sensitivity performance corresponding to difference depth and it demonstrated that our system can differentiate signal form noise at 3mm pathlength difference. Using the system, human palm skin was measured in vivo.
MMSE-BLE Algorithm of Single-Carrier Multi-User Channel Capacity
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Hua Min , Xie Wu
Published: July 2011

A kind of minimum mean square error linear equalizer (MMSE-BLE) algorithm is presented for the solution on channel capacity of single-carrier code division multiple accesses (SC-CDMA) system, this algorithm received data symbol vector multiplied by covariance matrix by using Wiener estimator, and gets the decorrelation of multiple access interference (MAI), inter-symbol interference (ISI) and noise. MMSE-BLE algorithm calculates the channel capacity with MMSE criterion algorithm, so that it can analyze the multi-user uplink channel capacity of space-time coding SC-CDMA system under the multipath conditions effectively. The simulation results show that the number of user, path, transmitting and receiving antennas, multipath diversity gain, etc. All of them have an impact on the capacity of multi-user system, it seems that multiple antennas should be used for reception to get single-path diversity gain in frequency selective channels.
Study on Removing Baseline Drift in the Brain Blood Stream Signal Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Technique
Authors: Zhou Nan Quan
Published: July 2011

The paper presents a new method to remove baseline drift in the brain blood stream signal based on cubic spline interpolation theory. Firstly, detect some characteristic points in the original signal, and then fit the drifting baseline based on the cubic spline interpolation technique. Finally the original signal minus the baseline is the steady signal of brain blood stream. Lots of simulation experiments and clinical tests had been done, and the baseline drift in LabVIEW software program was removed perfectly. Once the method to remove baseline drift is put in practice, its effect is good and its speed is fast, and it is easy to carry out. It has great application in brain wave monitor with embedded CPU and real time character, and it is also applied in other signal detectors.
Calculation of Axial Expansion in Vertical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Expansion Joint
Authors: Li Xiao Hong
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the axial elongation of vertical shell and tube heat exchanger with expansion joint are studied based on thetheories of static mechanics. The axial elongations of heat exchanger’s tube side and shell side that causes by thermal expansion, internal pressure and gravity are considered individually. By comparing and analyzing a typical example, it is shown that thermal expansion is the key reason other than internal pressure and gravity to the axial elongation of tube side and shell side structure. The results show that the axial elongation induced by internal pressure and gravity except thermal expansion is only 5% of total and can be eliminated in engineering practice.
Cluster Analysis for Drilling-Quality Based on the Modified Algorithm of InDBSCAN
Authors: Zhou You Hang , Guo Hui , Dong Yin Song , He Qi
Published: July 2011

To detect the quality of batch drilling quickly，a new approach based on Acoustic Emission signals is presented. The signals’ statistical characteristics are extracted from acoustic emission signals in Time-domain, and then the signals’ eigenvectors are constructed to reflect each drilling process. A modified incremental clustering algorithm InDBSCAN is used to cluster these eigenvectors，and the batch drilling-quality can be analysed indirectly. Calculation and analysis results show that: the conclusion of incremental cluster analysis is more reasonable by the modified incremental clustering method of InDBSCAN. The detection accuracy of the batch drilling-quality is up to 84.3% according to the manual quality inspection.
Chemical Control of Post-Emergency Weed in Dichondra Turf
Authors: Yang Lie , Shen Guo Hui
Published: July 2011

Chemical control of post-emergency weeds in dichondra turfgrass is always a difficult problem. Herbicides application in dichondra turf to control postemergency weeds must be highly selectively because of heavy similarity between dichondra turfgrass and broadleaf weeds. Chemical control experiment was conducted to screening effectively herbicides. The results indicated that SHIBAGEN 300~450/ hm2 can control post-emergency broadleaf weeds and purple nutsedge, shortleaf nutsedge, goosegrass，crabgrass and barnyardgrass effectively. And SHIBAGEN possessed both pre-emergency elimination and postemergency stem-leaf killing results, and its residual effect can lasted up to 90 days. Methsulfuron-methyl 45g/ hm2 control broadleaf weeds significantly, and can mix with shibagen herbicides to magnify control spectrum.
Study of Streamline Dynamic Successive Trees Index Model for Ciphertext
Authors: Huo Lin , Li De Shun , Tan Ying Lu , Xing Xiao , Zou Xian Ze
Published: July 2011

Secure index is the core technology in the full-ciphertext retrieval. In order to appliance the efficient full-text retrieval in the ciphertext state, a streamline dynamic successive trees of ciphertext(SDSTC)index model is proposed. The SDSTC index model which supports queries of substring and dynamic updating of index, has a high recall and precision ratio in retrieval. Giving algorithms of model index creation, retrieval and ciphertext index updating and the analysis of its security and efficiency. Compared with other existing index models, experiments show that the SDSTC index model has good time efficiency and more suitable for areas of ciphertext security of full-text retrieval
On the Hamilton Cycle of the Hypercube
Authors: Hu Yan Zhong , Wang Hua Dong
Published: July 2011

Hypercube is one of the basic types of interconnection networks. In this paper, we use the concept of the Cartesian product graph to define the hypercube Qn, we study the relationship between the isomorphic graphs and the Cartesian product graphs, and we get the result that there exists a Hamilton cycle in the hypercube Qn. Meanwhile, the other properties of the hypercube Qn, such as Euler characteristic and bipartite characteristic are also introduced.
Implementation of Virtual Terminal Based on CAN by Using WinCE Platform Builder 6.0
Authors: Hyeokjae Kwon , Enkhbaatar T. , Woonchul Ham
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we propose hardware and software implementation scheme for developing a first version of virtual terminal based on CAN. We design and develop a layered device driver for CAN module hardware MCP2515. The layered driver is composed of CAN driver as a top layer driver and SPI device driver as a bottom layer driver. From the results of application program developed based on the above mentioned device driver, we can see that this hardware and software scheme will be applicable to developing the virtual terminal for agricultural machines such tractor and combine etc.
Tunable Ferromagnetic Structures for Dynamic Cell Trapping
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Rauch Claudia , Brandl Martin
Published: July 2011

A biochip for building up self assembled ferromagnetic structures was designed. The magnetic structures are self assembling onto magnetic seeding points which are arranged in a periodic hexagonal structure on the bottom of the chip. The individual shapes of the ferromagnetic structures can be controlled by an applied external magnetic field. This periodic arrangement of adaptable ferromagnetic structures is well suited for selective and dynamic cell trapping. A biochip designed for lab experiments and a simulation model for optimizing the magnetic structures is presented.
Temperature Field Analysis of Bearing
Authors: Wang Yan Shuang , Zhu Hai Feng
Published: July 2011

Based on the quasi-static analysis and the power loss analysis, the temperature distribution is calculated by ANSYS.The different part temperatures of bearing are obtained. The influences of rotational speed, axial load and radial load on the temperature distribution are analyzed. The results reveal that axial load and rotational speed affect temperature distribution strongly. The effect of radial load is not signifcant,and the maxtemperature of bearing is at the point between balls and the inner ring. Bearings with shaft are widely used in gyro motors of aviation, aerospace, marine navigational systems. In a few applications, however, heat generated by friction can affects its performance, life and reliability, and consequently influences control precision and life of gyro motors[1]. So it’s important to evaluate heat generation of bearings with shaft for the design, manufacture and its application. A few researchers [2, 3] have analyzed the concentrated contact temperature. Their researches have been mainly focused on the temperature of contact surface. In addition, some researchers (Chinese and foreign) have calculated the temperature of bearing under the thermal network method [4, 5]. The above methods are easy to carry out, but only can the temperatures of some point be found. Compared with the thermal network method, the finite element model can get the temperature of the whole model. The temperature analysis has been pursued by some foreign and Chinese researchers under the method [6, 7]. The steady temperature field of bearing with shaft from a gyro motor is studied in the paper. The speed of ball and the temperature distribution are analyzed and studied by VC6.0++ and ANSYS. The temperature distribution under different axial load, speed of inner ring and radial load is calculated. Therefore the main effect of temperature distribution can be found.
Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of High Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearing
Authors: Wang Yan Shuang , Jin Ning Ning , Zhu Hai Feng
Published: July 2011

A nonlinear dynamics analysis mathematical model for the high-speed cylindrical roller bearing was built up. Dynamic performance parameters were got by Newton - Raphson method . The rotational velocity regularities of rollers were analyzed at different radial loads. The distribution of minimum oil-film thickness and contact load between rollers and bearing ring raceway were obtained. The results showed that number of loaded rollers increased with the increase of radial loads at a certain speed. Rollers slip seriously at lower radial loads. The rotation speed was low. The minimum oil-film thickness between loaded rollers and inner raceways was less than that of outer raceways. The results were compared with the results of SHARBERTH and comparison was made with testing results. It showed that the dynamic characteristics analysis method of high speed cylindrical roller bearing was accurate, reliable,simple and convenient for practical engineering application.
Concurrent Engineering Technology in Injection Product Development
Authors: Yuan Hong Ling
Published: July 2011

This essay analyzes the concurrent activities in the injection product development. Taking the myopia therapeutic apparatus as an example, the essay gives a designing and manufacturing procedure of the injection concurrent engineering. Conditions of the introduction of concurrent engineering technology are pointed out.
Identification of Materials Properties Using Displacement Field Measurement
Authors: Fazzini Marina , Dalverny Olivier , Mistou Sébastien
Published: July 2011

The aim of this work is to identify parameters driving constitutive equations of materials with displacement field measurements carried out by image stereo-correlation during an unidirectional tensile test. We evaluate two identification techniques. The first one is the virtual fields method which consists in writing the principle of virtual work with particular virtual fields. It is generally used in the case of linear elasticity and it requires a perfect knowledge of the model in terms of boundary condition since the virtual fields used must be kinematically admissible. This method allows to determine parameters by a direct and fast calculation, without iterations. The second method is the finite element model updating method. It consists in finding constitutive parameters that achieve the best match between finite element analysis quantities and their experimental counterparts. This method is more adaptable than the virtual field method but it needs to spend more calculation time.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Using the Instrumentation of an Existing Building
Authors: Duco Fabien , Faye Jean Pierre , Caperaa Serge , Reubrez Eric
Published: July 2011

France is a country composed of moderate seismic hazard regions but however vulnerable to earthquakes. Indeed, only a few parts of existing buildings have been built using paraseismic regulation. Several current large-scale seismic vulnerability assessment methods are used, as Hazus or Risk-UE, but they are inappropriate to the analysis of a specific building. In our case, we use an experimental approach to study the elastic behaviour of existing buildings: ambient vibration analyses seem to be an interesting way to determine the vulnerability. Ambient noise testing with Output-Only Modal Identification is a low-cost non-destructive method to provide vibration data from civil engineering structures like buildings. The interest of this method is to obtain dynamic parameters with only natural excitations: wind, traffic, human activity... In the frame of the “Plan séisme des Hautes-Pyrénées”, the building considered is the relatively regular 18-storey Ophite Tower located in Lourdes, France. The vibration measurements are conducted using a 24-channel system connected to an acquisition station. The modal parameters of this building (natural frequencies, modal shapes and damping) are calculated using the stochastic subspace identification method. These parameters, extracted from in situ data, are then used to calibrate a model. Having defined damage level criterion, the response motion, produced by seismic events, will lead to the determination of the vulnerability curves of Ophite Tower.
Design, Development and Testing of Quartz Tuning Fork Temperature Sensor
Authors: Ma Jing , Xu Jun , You Bo
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a low cost quartz tuning fork temperature sensor adopting H-shaped tuning fork resonator to address miniaturization, high resolution and high stability has been designed, developed and tested. The quartz tuning temperature sensor is designed vibrating in flexural mode with a new thermo-sensitive cut. The quartz tuning fork temperature sensor consists of two prongs connected at one end of crystalline quartz plate with thin-film metal electrodes deposited on the faces, which is used to produce vibration in response to alternating voltages and detecting the resonance frequency in the meantime. When an external temperature is change, there is a shift in its natural frequency. Based on this principle, a resonant thermometer is designed. Finite element method is used to analyze the vibratory modes and optimize the structure. The whole structure is 500μm thickness, the length of tuning fork arm is 3076μm and the width of tuning fork arm is 600um, the frequency of tuning fork is about 37kHz with a sensitivity of rough 85 ppm/°C. The experimental results shown that a temperature accuracy of 0.01 °C and a resolution of 0.005 °C within temperature range from 0 °C to 100 °C. All these research are helpful to design satisfactory performance of the sensor for temperature measurement.
A Biaxial Capacitive Microaccelerometer with a Single Proof-Mass
Authors: Liu Yu , Wen Zhi Yu , Chen Li , He Xue Feng , Wang Sheng Qiang
Published: July 2011

This work focuses on the development of a biaxial fully differential capacitive microaccelerometer with a single proof-mass. Its design, optimization and fabrication are discussed in detail. Structure and geometric parameters are optimized by multidisciplinary design optimization, enabling ±1g operating range, 1182Hz resonant frequency, 97 fF/g sensitivity, 4.1mg resolution and 0.68 damping ratio. Silicon-on-glass (SOG) bulk micromachining and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technologies are adopted to fabricate this accelerometer.
Design and Fabrication of a Piezoelectric Sensor for Weighing in Motion
Authors: Zhao Li Bo , Liang Jian Qiang , Zhao Yu Long , Wang Jian Zhu , Chen Wei , Jiang Zhuang De , Li Yong
Published: July 2011

Based on piezoelectric effect of quartz crystal, a piezoelectric sensor with the range of 150 kN has been developed for weighing in motion (WIM).The sensor consists of the sensitive elements and load-carrying beam. In order to decrease the cost and difficulty of processing of the load-carrying beam, separate structure of the load-carrying beam is designed with series bolts. Moreover, the preload on the sensitive elements can be adjust by the bolts, thus the sensitivity of the sensor also can be adjust and calibrated conveniently. The experimental results show the sensitivity of the sensor is about 1.32 PC/N, and the non-compliance of output along the length direction is less than 3.75%. The dynamic test shows the rise time of the step response is less than 0.1 ms that meet the requirement of WIM.
A Miniature Fluxgate Sensor with CMOS Interface Circuitry
Authors: Chen Wei Ping , Dong Chang Chun , Liu Xiao Wei , Zhou Zhi Ping
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the writers reported on a fluxgate sensor and a CMOS-ASIC for sensor supply. The design method and principle of the interface circuit of the fluxgate sensor was also presented, which was based on second-harmonic detection of the output voltage. This circuit has been simulated and realized through 0.5μm DPDM P-sub CMOS Process. The size of this circuit is 2mm×2mm. The circuit exhibited a sensitivity of 16.5mV/μT and a linear range of ±90μT. With 5V of voltage supply, the total power consumption of the circuit was as low as 35 mW.
A Z-Axis Decoupled Micromachined Gyroscope with Dual Frames
Authors: Tang Hai Lin , Liu Xian Xue , Zhou Hao
Published: July 2011

A z-axis decoupled micromachined gyroscope with dual frames is designed, fabricated and tested. The robust structure considering fabrication errors is obtained by the use of optimal robustness of design and process compensation. The gyroscope is packaged in vacuum, and test results show that quality factor of driving and sensing modes are 2000 and 800, respectively. In the range of 0~2400 deg/sec, sensitivity and linearity of the fabricated gyroscope are 1 deg/sec and 0.3%, respectively.
Dynamic Characteristics Measurement of Silicon Micro-Cantilever in Low Temperature Environment
Authors: She Dong Sheng , Wang Xiao Dong , Zhang Xi Wen , Wang Li Ding
Published: July 2011

The dynamic testing system for MEMS in low temperature environment has been developed. A thermoelectric cooling refrigerator was utilized to generate the low temperature environment. The base excitation device was established using the piezoelectric ceramic as the driving source. A vacuum chamber was designed to protect the micro-structure from the humid air. Through the base impact excitation, the resonance frequencies are obtained by analyzing the impulse response signals. The frequency response of micro-cantilever was obtained by using both BIST method and laser Doppler vibrometer. The dynamic testing experiments for the silicon micro-cantilever were carried out from -50°C to room temperature. The result shows that the resonance frequency slightly increases with the decreasing temperature. The measurement device is effective to carry out dynamic testing of microstructure from -50°C to room temperature.
Micro Magnetic Field Sensor Based On Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D Magnetoelectric Composites
Authors: Zheng Yang , Xie Dan , Ma Jing , Ren Tian Ling , Liu Li Tian
Published: July 2011

A new type of magnetic sensor based on magnetoelectric(ME) composites has been designed and fabricated. The ME composites has a Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D structure and its ME coefficient is 0.36 V/cm Oe at room temperture. The sensor has AC magnetic measurement ranges from 0.02 Oe to 12 Oe, reaches a sensitivity of 5×10-3 Oe and has a flat response within 15 kHz. The sensor is equipped with a pre-amplifier and an Root Mean Square(RMS) value convertor.
Structure Design, Fabrication and Characteristics of Polysilicon Nano-Thin Films Resistances Pressure Sensor Based on MEMS Technology
Authors: Zhao Xiao Feng , Wen Dian Zhong , Li Yang , Hou Yuan Xin , Ai Chun Peng , Wang Zhi Qiang , Xiu De Jun
Published: July 2011

A polysilicon nano-thin films pressure sensor was designed and fabricated on single crystal silicon substrate by MEMS technology in this paper, and the sensor is composed by Wheatstone bridge structure with four polysilicon nano-thin films resistances fabricated on squared silicon membrane. The experiment result shows that, under constant current power supply of 0.875mA , full scale output is 24.05 mV at room temperature, sensitivity is 0.15 mV/kPa, when the temperatures are from -20 to 80°C, the coefficient of zero temperature and sensitivity temperature is –960 ppm/°C and –820 ppm /°C respectively.
A High Pressure Sensor with Circular Diaphragm Based on MEMS Technology
Authors: Zhao Li Bo , Fang Xu Dong , Zhao Yu Long , Jiang Zhuang De , Li Yong
Published: July 2011

A pressure sensor in the range of 25 MPa with circular diaphragm is designed and fabricated, and the calibration experiments prove its excellent performance, which also reflects the correct choice of design after analyzing the effect of diaphragm dimension, location and shapes of piezoresistors. Circular diaphragms of different thickness and diameters are simulated to meet the pressure requirement of 25 MPa. It also displays the advantage of piezoresistive sensors over others and the difference characteristics between different types of piezoresistive sensors. And then the effect of piezoresistor location is analyzed and simulated to attain high accuracy and sensitivity after the circular diaphragm chip is packaged with borosilicate glass ring. The whole fabrication process of the chip is inexpensive and compatible with standard MEMS process. The experimental results show the developed high pressure sensor with the sensitivity of 2.533 mV/MPa has excellent performance, such as linearity of 0.08%FS, hysteresis of 0.03%FS, accuracy of 0.11%FS and repeatability of 0.03%FS under high temperature of 200 °C.
Technique for Compensation of Temperature Drift in Thermal Excited Si-Based Resonant Pressure Sensor
Authors: Zhang Zheng Yuan , Mei Yong , Li Jian Gen , Li Xiao Gang , Feng Zhi Cheng
Published: July 2011

A Si-based resonant pressure sensor structure with dual-beam was proposed to solve the problem of serious temperature drift in thermal excited Si-based resonant pressure sensor. In this structure, temperature variation sensed by non-pressure-sensing resonant beam was subtracted from that sensed by pressure-sensing beam, to cancel variations of the pressure-sensing beam with temperature and compensate for temperature drift of thermal-excited Si-based resonant pressure sensor. A prototype of Si-based resonant pressure sensor with dual-beam was developed. Preliminary test results showed that the effect of temperature drift was reduced to 1/30 of the uncompensated device, greatly improving sensing accuracy of thermal excited Si-based resonant pressure sensor.
On-Chip Temperature-Control Technology for Silicon Micro-Gyroscope
Authors: Lu Xu , Yang Bo , Wang Shou Rong , Li Hong Sheng , Huang Li Bin
Published: July 2011

A micro-heater is used inside silicon micro-gyroscope to keep the working temperature of gyroscope constant so as to minimize the effect of environment temperature on performances of gyroscope. The structure of gyroscope package is first given. With a heater inside, the characteristics of gyroscope, such as frequency, coupled vibrations, temperature distribution and thermal equilibrium time, are predicted with the aid of ANSYS, a finite element tool. Finally, surfaces of the package are optimized with anti-radiation shields covering. As a result, when gyroscope is subjected to an ambient temperature of 20°C, the temperature of itself could reach the equilibrium state of about 84°C within 2 minutes with a temperature difference of about 2°C between the anchor and the proof mass. Besides, if ambient temperature increases from -40°C to 80°C, heating power consumption is degraded from 1.27625W to 0.09712W. However, this design needs further improvement to decrease its heating power consumption and equilibrium time.
Nanostructures and Nanodevices Special Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Wang Guang Long , Gao Min , Feng Li Shuang , Dun Yi , Hou Jian Guo , Tang Jie
Published: July 2011

The nanostructures and nanodevices special fabrication technology including electron beam lithography (EBL), focused ion beam (FIB) technology, microcontact printing (μCP) and nanoimprinting were introduced in this paper. The examples of Y-shape waveguide coupler and high precision nanopattern of China Seal were designed and fabricated based the EBL and FIB technology respectively. Their structures can be characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning tunnel microscopy (STM) and atom force microscopy (AFM) etc. The C60 molecular on a Si (111)-(7×7) surface in variable temperature is deposited and detected by STM. The fabricated pattern and structures results indicated that the novel fabrication and characterization technology is very important and effective tools in nanoscale science field.
Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Conductive Patterns on Glass Slides
Authors: Wang Xiang , Xu Lei , Zheng Gao Feng , Li Wen Wang , Sun Dao Heng
Published: July 2011

Electrohydrodynamic printing of silver ink is demonstrated under an applied pulse voltage. Intermittent cone jets are deposited to form uniform dots with a regular spacing on glass slides while conductive patterns with continual tracks are derived from overlapping dots. After sintering at 250°C for 20 min, the patterns have a lower resistivity of 3.07×10-8Ω•m such that a practical application is available in microelectronic devices.
Design of the Cascaded Open-Channel Direct Current Electroosmotic Pump
Authors: Liu Ting Ting , Bai Zhu Chuan , Gao Yang
Published: July 2011

Electroosmotic pump does not need moving mechanical parts, which can be fabricated by micromachining process and integrated with other micro-devices. Electroosmotic pump is the hydraulic actuator component and can be used in HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography), μTAS (Micro totally analysis system), chip test system, micro cooling system and micro drug delivery system, etc. The paper is to design an electroosmotic pump with low driving voltage, high pressure and high flow rate, and fabricate the samples of cascaded open-channel direct current electroosmotic pump. The three-dimensional model of one-stage parallel open-channel electroosmotic pump is established by finite element analysis software of CoventorWare. The numerical simulation of the electroosmotic pump performance has been done by CoventorWare. Compared with the equivalent circuit model, the results show that the cascaded open-channel direct current electroosmotic pump has the advantages of high flow rate and high pressure.
Numerical Simulation of Dielectrophoresis Induced Electrothermal Fluid Flow
Authors: Liu De Li , Chen Li Guo , Sun Li Ning
Published: July 2011

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) based microdevices offer a great number of significant advantages for the manipulation of biological particles such as cells, bacteria, viruses and DNA over traditional methods. To enable successfully dielectrophoretic manipulation of biological particles, electric fields of higher intensity need to be generated in order to increase the DEP forces. However, the introduced electric field may cause the joule heating effect and thermal denaturation of biological particles. This paper presents a numerical solution of the DEP force and the resulting electrical electrothermal driven fluid flow on a DEP microdevice. Theoretical investigations were made about the impact of electrothermal flow on DEP based microdevice. The fluid field was solved by coupling electrical, thermal, and mechanical equations. It is shown that under some typical experimental conditions of DEP based manipulation of biological particles, it is necessary to consider the possible influence of the electrothermal flow.