bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Atas Peredaran Vaksin Palsu Menurut Hukum Positif Indonesia
Authors: Filham Filham , Setiawan Yudhi
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen atas peredaran vaksin palsu menurut hukum positif Indonesia.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitianhukum normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen terhadap peredaran vaksin palsu diatur dalam Pasal 8 dan 62 UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Pasal 98, 197 dan 198 UU No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Pasal 51 dan 79 UU No. 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktek Kedokteran. Pasal 58 dan 82 UU No. 36 Tahun 2014 tentang tenaga Kesehatan. Serta Pasal 83 dan 100 UU No. 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis.Peran BPOM dengan cara Pre-Market and Post Market. Sementara, BBPOM Kota Mataram dilaksanakan dengan sidak sekali sebulan.
EFEKTIVITAS OKSIGEN TERLARUT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Wahyuni Risna Sri , Rahmi Rahmi , Hamsah Hamsah
Published: December 2022

Salah satu parameter utama pada kualitas air yang memiliki pengaruh besar pada kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan udang vaname adalah oksigen terlarut. Kebutuhan oksigen terlarut pada semua organisme untuk melakukan proses respirasi, proses metabolisme atau pertukaran material dan menyediakan energi untuk pertumbuhan dan reproduksi. Kebutuhan oksigen udang vaname relatif tinggi seiring dengan peningkatan biomassa udang, sehingga persaingan penggunaan oksigen untuk respirasi membutuhkan suplai oksigen yang lebih banyak dari aerator. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat bagaimana evektifitas aerasi oksigen terlarut pada pertumbuhan dan sintasan dari Litopeneaus vannamei Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL dengan 4 perlakuan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (4,56 mg/L), perlakuan B (4,68 mg/L), dan perlakuan C (4,75 mg/L). Peubah diamati yaitu pertumbuhan bobot mutlak (WG), laju pertumbuhan harian (SGR) dan sintasan (SR) serta rasio konversi pakan (FCR). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bagaimana oksigen terlarut berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap perlakuan. Kadar oksigen terlarut 4,7 mg/L dapat memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap laju WG yaitu sebesar 2,09 g, SGR yaitu sebesar 2,73, sintasan sebesar 90%, dan nilai FCR sebesar 1,69.
PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.) PADA BUDIDAYA TEKNOLOGI MICROBUBBLE DENGAN PADAT TEBAR YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Ratulangi Ratulangi , Junaidi Muhammad , Setyono Bagus Dwi Hari
Published: December 2022

Ikan lele adalah salah satu spesies ikan air tawar yang menjadi komoditas unggul di Indonesia. Berbagai teknologi untuk budidaya sedang dikembangkan dalam meningkatkan kualitas ikan budidaya terutama pada ikan lele, salah satunya adalah budidaya dengan teknologi microbubble. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh teknologi microbubble sebagai pengsuplai oksigen terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) dengan padat tebar yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, yaitu P1 2 ekor/l, P2 3 ekor/l, P3 4 ekor/l, P4 5 ekor/l, dan P5 6 ekor/l, sehingga terdapat 15 unit percobaan. Nilai terbaik dari penelitian ini adalah pada perlakuan P1 (2 ekor/l) dengan nilai tingkat kelangsungan hidup (Survival Rate) di peroleh sebesar 88,61%, laju pertumbuhan berat spesifik 3,91%, laju pertumbuhan panjang spesifik 1,70%, laju pertumbuhan berat mutlak 11,62 gram, laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 7.07 cm, dan rasio konversi pakan terbaik diperoleh sebesar 1.29. Nilai parameter kualitas air yaitu suhu berkisar antara 27-30oC, pH berkisar antara 7,1-8,1, dan oksigen terlarut berkisar antara 4-6,6 mg/L. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan dan hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan pengaruh yang berbeda yang nyata untuk semua perlakuan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan alat microbubble dengan padat tebar yang berbeda mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias sp.).
Kata kunci : Ikan lele, padat tebar, microbbble, Kelangsungan Hidup, Pertumbuhan.
STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN KEGAGALAN PANEN PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN TUGUMULYO KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS
Authors: Heirina Anna , Rudiansyah Rudiansyah , Murtini Sri , Neksidin Neksidin , Wulandari Dwi Retno , Agustin Riya , Novita Yeni
Published: December 2022

Ikan nila merupakan ikan air tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan telah banyak dibudidayakan di berbagai daerah salah satunya di Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Perkembangan budidaya perikanan khususnya ikan nila di Kabupaten Musi Rawas terus mengalami peningkatan. Kegagalan panen merupakan permasalahan yang mengancam keberlangsungan produksi perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kegagalan panen pada budidaya ikan nila di Kabupaten Musi Rawas dan untuk membangun model dinamis strategi pencegahan kegagalan panen pada budidaya ikan nila di Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan pertimbangan teknik snowball. Metode ini diterapkan dalam pengambilan data kuesioner terhadap responden dimana kriteria responden yang dipilih yakni masyarakat yang memiliki budidaya ikan nila di Kecamatan Tugumulyo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 75% petani ikan nila di Kecamatan Tugumulyo pernah mengalami kegagalan panen. Adapun penyebabnya seperti adanya bencana banjir, kenaikan harga pakan dan serangan penyakit. Adanya bimbingan dari pemerintah maupun penyuluh perikanan setempat mengenaipengendalian penyakit dan penggunaan pakan alami sebagai alternatif atau pakan tambahan sehingga mampu meminimalisisr resiko kegagalan panen akibat kenaikan harga pakan.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ARANG AKTIF KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus) TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR PADA BUDI DAYA IKAN KOI (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)
Authors: Qulubi M. Hadziq , Rahmawati Suci Hardina , Rivaie Arief Rahman
Published: December 2022

Arang aktif merupakan karbon amorf yang memiliki kemampuan daya serap yang baik sehingga sering dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran penghilang zat warna, penyerap gas, penyerap logam berat, adsorben bahan organik maupun anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan arang aktif kulit durian terhadap kualitas air pada budidaya ikan koi. Metode pembuatan arang aktif menggunakan perlakuan fisika dan kimia dengan menggunakan aktivator KOH. Parameter yang diukur dalam Analisa kualitas air budidaya ikan koi meliputi suhu, TDS, pH, O2, dan NH3. Arang aktif kulit durian dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air pada budidaya ikan koi yaitu dengan melihat penurunan kadar dan peningkatan kadar pada air budidaya ikan koi. Adapun kondisi optimum pemberian arang aktif diperoleh dengan konsentrasi aktivator sebesar 25%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar konsentrasi aktivatornya, maka akan meningkatkan nilai TDS dan menurunkan kadar O2 dalam air sehingga jumlah kematian ikan koi meningkat karena kurangnya pasokan oksigen dalam air. Pengaruh variasi konsentrasi waktu perendaman arang aktif akan mempengaruhi jumlah kematian ikan koi dalam air.
 
Kata Kunci: Arang Aktif, Kulit Durian, Kualitas Air
KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Maryanto Freddy , Susilo Heru , Mustakim Moh.
Published: December 2022

Optimalisasi pembangunan dalam sektor perikanan akan meningkatkan roda perekonomian masyarakat lokal. Hal ini dapat diketahui dengan analisis input-output dalam keterkaitan antarsektor ekonomi dari hulu dan hilir. Artikel ini memilih arah bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kontribusi sektor perikanan dalam pengembangan kawasan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. Kajian ini menggunakan metode analisis berupa data sekunder dengan Tabel Input-Output (IO) transaksi domestik atas dasar harga produsen Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Tahun 2016 dengan klasifikasi 50 sektor. Kesimpulan dalam kajian ini adalah kontribusi nilai pengganda output pendapatan sektor perikanan dalam pengembangan wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur masih kecil. Oleh karena itu, sektor perikanan bukan termasuk sektor unggulan dalam pengembangan wilayah di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN POTENSIAL EKOWISATA PASCA COVID-19 BANYU URIP MANGROVE CENTER (BMC) DI KECAMATAN UJUNG PANGKAH KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Sumaryam Sumaryam , Illahi Rhochmad Wahyu , Aida Gilang Rusrita , Trisbiantoro Didik
Published: December 2022

Ekosistem mangrove selain berfungsi sebagai kawasan asuhan, pemijahan dan mencari makan bagi hewan-hewan yang biasa berkembang biak dan tumbuh di area hutan mangrove juga memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan ekowisata yang penyumpang pendapatan potensial bagi pengelola maupun masyarakat sekitar. Salah satu destinasi ekowisata mangrove di Jawa Timur adalah kawasan ekowisata mengrove di Kecamatan Ujung Pangkah, Gresik yaitu BMC atau Banyuurip Mangrove Center di Desa Banyuurip yang sempat mengalami penutupan karena pandemi Covid-19. Pembukaan kembali Ekowisata BMC tentunya mendatangkan kembali pendapatan potensial bagi pengelola kawasan ekowisata tersebut, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pendapatan potensial dari ekowisata BMC ini pasca pandemic Covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pendapatan potensial dari Banyuurip Mangrove Center pasca pandemic Covid-19. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei untuk mengumpulkan data-data kuantitatif yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara secara purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian jumlah pengunjung sebelum Covid-19 dan setelahnya terjadi penurunan secara drastis. Pendapaatan aktual yang diperoleh ekowisata BMC Banyuurip Mangrove Center sebesar Rp. 120.000.000,-/ tahun dan pendapatan potensialnya sebesar Rp. 720.000.000,-/tahun sebelum terjadinya pandemic covid-19. Pada saat pandemi semua pendapatan adalah 0, sedangkan pasca pandemi Covid-19 pendapatan aktualnya sebesar Rp. 72.000.000,-/tahun dan pendapatan potensialnya sebesar Rp. 432.000.000,-/tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan upaya-upaya untuk meningkatkan kembali jumlah kunjungan melalui perbaikan juga pengembangan sarana dan prasarana BMC, pembinaan kepada masyarakat serta peningkatan promosi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan potensial dari ekowisata Banyuurip Mangrove Center.
PENGGUNAAN DEDAK PADI SEBAGAI SUMBER KARBON ORGANIK PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (Clarias gariepinus var) DI BAK TERPAL
Authors: Aziz Rahmadi , Verdian Aldi Huda , Oktaviana Adni
Published: December 2022

Komoditas ikan air tawar yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan yaitu ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus var). Upaya yang dilakukan agar dapat mengembangkan dan meningkatkan produksi ikan lele yaitu melakukan budidaya dengan teknologi penambahan sumber karbon organik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuha bakteri heterotrof untuk merombak bahan organik di lingkungan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, feed convertion ratio (FCR), dan rasio C/N terhadap keberhasilan budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang di bak terpal. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah pemeliharaan ikan lele sangkuriang dengan rasio C/N 0, C/N 20, C/N 25, dan C/N 30 dengan padat pebaran ikan lele 500 ekor/m3. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penambahan rasio C/N 20 berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele yang dipelihara di bak terpal. Hasil yang terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan rasio C/N 20 dengan growth rate (0,68 gram/hari), survival rate (86%), dan feed convertion ratio (0,85). Selain itu, perlakuan rasio C/N 20 dapat menurunkan kandungan amoniak pada media budidaya ikan lele.
Diagnóstico do Desenvolvimento Social do DF - Pobreza, Educação e Saúde
Authors: Federal Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito
Published: December 2022

Há algumas décadas, a importância garantida aos indicadores econômicos passou também a ser atribuída a indicadores sociais. Os governos passaram a verificar o atrelamento dos resultados econômicos de países, regiões e estados às condições sociais que suas populações enfrentavam. Mais que isso, organismos internacionais como o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), estabeleceram objetivos e metas de desenvolvimento social e passaram a estimular o acompanhamento de índices relacionados a esses objetivos. Dentro deste contexto, o acompanhamento de aspectos sociais comuns a países, regiões e estados passou a ser essencial. O objetivo deste relatório é abarcar a realidade social e as principais políticas públicas do Distrito Federal relativas a três temas: (1) combate à pobreza e à extrema pobreza; (2) elevação da escolaridade; e (3) promoção da saúde. A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 aborda esses três temas, o primeiro enquanto um objetivo fundamental, e a educação e a saúde como direitos sociais. Em consonância com a legislação federal, a Lei Orgânica do Distrito Federal estabelece como competência deste ente federado, em comum com a União, combater as causas da pobreza, proporcionar os meios de acesso à educação e prestar serviços de assistência à saúde.
Produto Interno Bruto - PBI Contas Regionais do Distrito Federal - Série 2004-2008
Authors: Federal Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito
Published: December 2022

A Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito Federal – CODEPLA em parceria com o Instituto Brasileiro de geografia e Estatística – IBGE, divulga resultados do Produto Interno Bruto do Distrito Federal para o período de 2004 -2008, incluindo Brasil e demais Unidades da Federação.
Este trabalho segue um padrão uniforme para todas as unidades da federação, o que permite a comparabilidade dos seus resultados entre as mesmas e a convergência dos diversos estados para todo o Brasil. São apresentadas informações sobre a composição e evolução do PIB-DF, valor adicionado bruto para 17 atividades econômicas, além do PIB per capita em valores correntes e variação em volume. Encontra-se também disponível a “retração” da série histórica até 1995. O novo ano de referência das Contas Regionais é 2002 e do Brasil 2000.
Uma nova série de Contas Regionais, que teve início a partir de 2007 caracteriza-se pela amplitude de atualizações inseridas no âmbito de sua metodologia e procedimentos de cálculo. A série anterior das Contas Regionais do Brasil era baseada em censos, os últimos datam de 1985, os quais serviam de parâmetro e base de dados para a realização das contas nacionais e regionais.
Em lugar dos levantamentos censitários, o IBGE passou a utilizar suas pesquisas estruturais anuais, que buscam alcançar os principais setores econômicos, alimentando, assim, o novo sistema de contas. Destacam-se a Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA), Pesquisa Anual dos Serviços (PAS), Pesquisa Anual do Comércio (PAC), Pesquisa Anual da Indústria da Construção (PAIC) e Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), passando o PIB regional a ser divulgado com 17 atividades econômicas, sendo ajustadas com os dados do Brasil em valores constantes e correntes.
Racismo não é mal-entendido. É crime.
Authors: Maffezzolli Ana Paula , Silva Dhemesbraene Soares da
Published: December 2022

O Brasil é um país plural, possui uma grande diversidade étnicoracial, portanto, elaborar políticas públicas que prezem pela promoção da igualdade e de ações que enfrentem o racismo é dever do Estado Brasileiro. Porém, é importante saber que o combate ao racismo é obrigação de todos, para construção de uma sociedade igualitária e justa. Portanto, esta cartilha foi elaborada para contribuir para a valorização e o respeito às pessoas e tem como objetivo, contribuir para o aprimoramento da integração institucional e para o combate ao racismo, às discriminações, aos preconceitos e à xenofobia na comunidade em geral. Nessa cartilha, você encontrará informações como a conceituação do que é o racismo, os tipos de racismo, o que é injúria racial, transfobia, homofobia, lesbofobia e xenofobia. Também apresenta as Leis do Brasil que criminaliza atos de racismo e discriminação, além de descrever o que uma pessoa que sofre ou sofreu um ato de racismo deve fazer, a apresentação de diversos termos do vocabulário que deve ser repensado, e também, indicações de livros e filmes sobre a temática, assim como, contatos úteis para denúncias.
Kamu Yönetimi Geleneği Açısından Osmanlı’da Ahilik Kurumu (Devlet Ana Eseri’nin Ahilik Değinileri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme)
Authors: TUNCER Azizeserap
Published: December 2022

Bir ahlak ve sanat okulu, esnaf teşkilatı, kooperatif, sivil toplum kuruluşu olan Ahilik teşkilatı, 13.yüzyıldan 18.yüzyıl başlarına kadar Anadolu toplumunun ekonomik ve sosyal hayatını düzenlemiştir. İmparatorluk düzeyinde örgütlenen ahilik kurumu, iktisadi faaliyet alanı yanında, bir sivil toplum örgütü olarak, toplumsal yapının dinamizmini ve gücünü de desteklemiştir. Böylece tüm kentlerde yeni ve farklı bir kent hayatı başlamıştır. Bu örgütler, bazı ekonomik, siyasal, sosyal ve hatta askeri konuların çözümünde önemli bir rol oynamışlar ve aynı zamanda çözüm üretmede, insanlar ve yerel otoritelerle yönetişim teknikleri kullanmışlardır. Toplumların yaşadığı, hemen tüm toplumsal, siyasal ve ekonomik değişmeler, romancılar için önemli malzemeler sunarlar. Kemal Tahir’in ünlü Devlet Ana romanında, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun kuruluş yıllarında Ahilik kurumunun nasıl önemli bir rol oynadığı açıklanmıştır. Çalışmada, romanda ele alındığı şekliyle Ahiliğin tüm yönleri işaret edilmektedir.
Ankara İlinde Konsültan Hekimlerin Acil Servise Ulaşma Sürelerinin ve Bu Süreleri Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: ENGELOĞLU Şerife , YENİMAHALLELİ YAŞAR Gülbiye , GÜNALTAY Meliha Meliş
Published: December 2022

Konsültasyon sürecinin etkin yönetimi acil serviste hekimi bekleyen bir hastanın gelecekteki yaşantısının sağlıklı bir şekilde devam etmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma, Ankara ilinde hizmet sunan 36 hastanenin acil servis hizmetlerinde gerçekleştirilen konsültasyon hizmetlerini, konsültan hekimlerin acil servise ortalama ulaşma süreleri ve bu süreyi etkileyen faktörler kapsamında incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2018 yılında Ankara ilinde hizmet sunan ve Türkiye Sağlıkta Kalite Göstergeleri Sistemi’ne veri girişi yapan 36 hastane (kamu, özel ve üniversite) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma tanımlayıcı ve geriye dönük (retrospektif) bir araştırmadır. Çalışmada, kurum türü, yatak sayısı, yatan hasta sayısı, acil servis muayene sayısı, acil serviste gerçekleşen ölüm sayısı, acil serviste ortalama müşahede süresi, acil servis hasta memnuniyeti oranı, konsültan hekim istem sayısı değerlendirilmiş ve bu değişkenlerin konsültan hekimin acil servise ulaşma süreleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Değişkenlere yönelik tanımlayıcı bulgular raporlanmış, veriler üzerinde korelasyon analizi ve aşamalı (stepwise) regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda konsültan hekimin acil servise ortalama ulaşma süresini etkileyen faktörlerin sırası ile acil servis muayene sayısı, kurum türü, konsültan hekim istem sayısı ve hastanenin yatak sayısı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişkenlerin konsültan hekimin acil servise ortalama ulaşma süresini etkileyen faktörlerin %77’sini açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, acil servis hasta yoğunluğunun azaltılması, bunu gerçekleştirebilmek için ise birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin güçlendirilmesi ile sağlık hizmetlerine erişimin önündeki arz ve talep yönlü engellerin kaldırılması yönünde politika değişiklikleri önerilmiştir. Ayrıca sağlıkta kalite değerlendirmelerinin etkin bir biçimde yürütülmesinin sürecin iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı da değerlendirilmiştir.
Rawls ve Nozick Çerçevesinde Adalet ve Özgürlük
Authors: YÖYEN Hasan Tahsin , DURAN Bünyamin
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın odağı John Rawls ve Robert Nozick tarafından geliştirilen adalet teorileri çerçevesinde adalet ve özgürlük kavramları arasındaki bağdır. Rawls ve Nozick adalete dair sorulara birbirinden oldukça farklı cevaplar vermişlerdir. Rawls geliştirdiği analiz araçlarıyla iki temel adalet ilkesine erişir. Bu ilkeler eşit temel özgürlükleri savunur ve bunların korunması için bazı gereklilikler getirir. Nozick ise adalete dair üç ilkeden bahseder. Bu ilkeler adil edinimi ve adil olmayan bir edinimden kaynaklanan adaletsizliğin giderilmesini içerir. Nozick bir şeyin elde edilmesinin adil bir sürecin sonunda olup olmadığına odaklanmış, toplumdaki bireylerin eşit özgürlüğünü ve bu eşit özgürlüğün korunması fikrini adalete dahil etmemiştir. İki düşünürün adalet teorilerinin birbirinden tamamen farklı yollarda ilerliyor olması da bununla ilgilidir. Taraflar apayrı özgürlük anlayışlarına sahiptir. Eşit temel özgürlükleri adaletin bir gereği olarak kabul eden Rawls, adil bir toplum için devlete eşit temel özgürlükleri koruma görevini yüklemiş ve pozitif özgürlükleri dikkate almıştır. Nozick ise minimal devleti savunmuş ve negatif özgürlüklerin bireylerin özgürlüğü için yeterli olduğunu düşünmüştür. Bu özgürlük anlayışları hakkaniyet olarak adalet ile yetkilenme teorisi arasındaki zıtlığın sebebidir. Bu zıtlık bizlere, adalet ve özgürlük kavramlarının birbirinden ayrı düşünülemeyecek, iç içe geçmiş ve birbirini belirleyen kavramlar olduğunu göstermektedir.
ANALYSIS OF OPTIMUM CONTROL ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VACCINATION AND QUARANTINE ON THE SPREAD OF COVID-19
Authors: Nuha Agusyarif Rezka , Achmad Novianita , Rahman Gusti Arviana , Abdullah Syarif , Chasanah Sri Istiyarti Uswatun , Valentika Nina , Nashar La Ode
Published: December 2022

This study constructs an SVIR-type COVID-19 spread model into a model with control variables or optimum control problems. In the formulation of the model with controls, we set four control variables, namely vaccination strategy, quarantine, reduction of vaccine shrinkage, and treatment. Pontryagin 's maximum principle is applied in the model as a sufficient condition to achieve optimum conditions for minimizing the objective function . This study uses a numerical solution to describe the theoretical results. The results showed that the control model could accelerate the decrease in the number of individuals in the infected population class. We found that vaccination is a top priority that needs to be done to reduce the number of cases of COVID-19 infection. In addition, the implementation of quarantine can also be considered to accelerate the decrease in the number of individuals infected with COVID-19.
NONPARAMETRIK REGRESSION MODEL ESTIMATION WITH THE FOURIER SERIES THE FOURIER SERIES APPROACH AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE ACCUMULATIVE COVID-19 DATA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pasarella Muhammad Danil , Sifriyani Sifriyani , Amijaya Fidia Deny Tisna
Published: December 2022

The nonparametric regression model is applied to regression curves for which the regression curve is unknown. Fourier series estimation is an approach in nonparametric regression, which has high flexibility and is able to adjust to the local nature of data effectively. The purpose of the research is to obtain an estimate of the nonparametric regression model with the Fourier series approach with optimal oscillation values and the model suitability of the positive case of Covid-19 in Indonesia. Research on modeling positive cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia using nonparametric regression with the best Fourier series approach is found in the third oscillation by having a minimum GCV of 78969281 with the best model criteria R2 = 97.86% with influencing factors are the percentage of active smokers, the number of health workers, the number of health service facilities, population density and the percentage of the poor population.
THE PROMINENCE OF VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL IN MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES FORECASTING MODELS WITH STATIONARY PROBLEMS
Authors: Rohaeti Embay , Sumertajaya I Made , Wigena Aji Hamim , Sadik Kusman
Published: December 2022

One of the problems in modelling multivariate time series is stationary. Stationary test results do not always produce all stationary variables; mixed stationary and non-stationary variables are possible. When stationary problems are found in multivariate time series modelling, it is necessary to evaluate the model's performance in various stationary conditions to obtain the best forecasting model. This study aims to get a superior multivariate time series forecasting model based on the goodness of the model in various stationary conditions. In this study, the evaluation of the model's performance through simulation data modelling is then applied to the actual data with a stationary problem, namely Bogor City inflation data. The best model in simulation modelling is based on the stability of RMSE and MAD in 100 replications. The results are that the VAR model is the best in various stationary conditions. Meanwhile, the best model on actual data modelling is based on evaluation in 4 folds for model fitting power and model forecasting power. The Bogor City inflation data modelling with the mixed stationary problem resulted in the best model, namely the VAR(1) model. This means the VAR model is good enough to be used as a forecasting model in mixed stationary conditions. Thus, in this study, based on the goodness of the model in two modelling scenarios in various stationary conditions, overall, it was found that the VAR model was superior to the VARD and VECM models.
COMPARISON OF SALINITY AND SEAWATER TEMPERATURE PREDICTIONS USING VAR AND BIRESPONSE FOURIER SERIES ESTIMATOR
Authors: Faisol Faisol , Ukhrowi Putri , Mardianto M. Fariz Fadillah , Yudistira Ira , Kuzairi Kuzairi
Published: December 2022

Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in water. The salt in question is a variety of ions dissolved in water, including table salt (NaCl). Salinity and seawater temperature are one of the factors that affect salt production. The higher the NaCl content, the better the quality of the salt. Currently, people's salt production is still unable to meet the needs of national salt, especially industrial salt, because most of the quality of people's salt still does not meet the SNI criteria for industrial salt. Thus, it is necessary to predict the salinity and temperature of seawater to help determine the next steps or policies in improving the quality of people's salt. Predictions of salinity and seawater temperature were carried out by applying the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Analysis method and nonparametric Fourier series regression with primary data of salinity and seawater temperature on the coast of Tlesah Tlanakan Beach, Pamekasan. The best model chosen is the model that has the smallest error size and the highest accuracy measure. The best models are nonparametric regression of the Fourier series of sine and cosine bases with the predicted result obtaining a MAPE value is 0.00496 and coefficient of determination is 100%.
THE USE OF PENALIZED WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARE TO OVERCOME CORRELATIONS BETWEEN TWO RESPONSES
Authors: Islamiyati Anna , Anisa Anisa , Zakir Muhammad , Sirajang Nasrah , Sari Ummi , Affan Fajar , Usrah Muhammad Jayzul
Published: December 2022

The non-parametric regression model can consider two correlated responses. However, for these conditions, we cannot use the usual estimation process because there are violations of assumptions. To solve this problem, we use a penalized weighted least square involving knots, smoothing parameters, and weighting in the estimation criteria simultaneously. The estimation process involves a weighted criteria matrix  in the estimation criteria. Estimation results show that the estimated two-response non-parametric regression function with penalized spline is a linear estimation class in y response observation and depends on the knot point and smoothing parameter. Furthermore, the use of the model on toddler growth data shows some changes in the pattern of weight and height gain. The pattern segmentation that experienced a gradual increase was age 7-43 months for weight and age 6-54 months for height
MULTIVARIATE MULTILEVEL MODELLING TO ASSESS FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
Authors: Pannu Abdullah , Wijayanto Hari , Susetyo Budi
Published: December 2022

This study analyzes the quality of Vocational High Schools (VHS), which have a hierarchical data structure and have more than one response variable. Data gathered for this study is from the Basic Education Data (DAPODIK) in the form of raw data variables of several variables that characterize the quality of VHS and other independent variables in South Sulawesi for four years (2018 to 2021) from the Ministry of Finance Republic of Indonesia (KEMENKEU), and Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The explanatory variable at the regency level consists of four years (2018 to 2021), a multi-year and high-dimensional data structure. Therefore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to overcome this. The modelling is done by using multivariate multilevel modelling (MVMM) on one-level and two-level structures. This study aims to model the average National Examination and Accreditation scores of Vocational High School in South Sulawesi using MVMM modelling that considers the regency/city level and identifies the factors that influence the average National Examination and Accreditation scores. The results showed that the two-level multivariate model with a random intercept as a hierarchical component was better than the one-level multilevel model based on a minor Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) value. Simultaneously, at the 5% level of significance, variables that contribute significantly to the quality of Vocational High Schools in South Sulawesi Province are produced. The variables that have a significant effect on the quality of Vocational High Schools at the school level are the ratio of the number of students/pupils per study group, the percentage of certified teachers to the number of teachers, the ratio of the number of students/pupils per number of toilets, the ratio of laboratory availability, and the ratio of the availability of supporting rooms. Meanwhile, at the regency level, it was found that the percentage of poverty and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) had a significant effect on the quality of Vocational High Schools.
Pelestarian Budaya Natoni melalui Pendidikan Agama Kristen Kontekstual di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Boiliu Esti Regina , Sianipar Desi , Naibaho Lamhot
Published: December 2022

Abstract. The globalization era results a negative impact on the increasing permissiveness of society towards foreign culture, and conversely, local culture which has noble values is increasingly being abandoned because it is considered less popular. This also happened to the people of Timor Dawan who had started to leave the Natoni culture. For this reason, efforts are needed to preserve it through education. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the preservation of Natoni culture through Christian Religious Education (PAK) in Senior High Schools (SMA). The method used in this study is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach at Soe 1 Christian High School, South Central Timor District. Through this research, it was found that efforts to preserve Natoni culture can be carried out through PAK in schools. PAK does not merely teach doctrinal teachings of the Christian faith, but can also teach noble values of local culture.Abstrak. Era globalisasi menimbulkan dampak negatif makin permisifnya masyarakat terhadap budaya asing, dan sebaliknya budaya lokal, yang memiliki nilai-nilai luhur, semakin ditinggalkan oleh karena dianggap kalah popular. Hal ini pun terjadi pada masyarakat Timor Dawan yang sudah mulai meninggalkan budaya Natoni. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya untuk melestarikannya melalui pendidikan. Dengan demikian, tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji pelestarian budaya Natoni melalui Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi di SMA Kristen 1 Soe, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Melalui penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa upaya pelestarian budaya Natoni dapat dilakukan melalui PAK di sekolah. PAK tidak semata-mata hanya mengajarkan ajaran-ajaran iman Kristiani yang bersifat doktrinal, namun juga dapat untuk mengajarkan nilai-nilai luhur budaya lokal.
Informasi Kesehatan sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kompentensi Tim Pelaksana Tugas dan Masyarakat Desa Sehat Berbasis IFHE
Authors: Indriyani Diyan , Asmuji Asmuji , Cahyanto Triawan Adi , Maharani Astrid , Andriani Sri Wahyuni
Published: December 2022

Pemberdayaan masyarakat bidang kesehatan merupakan salah satu bentuk mewujudkan masyarakat sehat dengan mengoptimalkan potensi masyarakat untuk terlibat secara aktif. Prakarsa masyarakat  mencapai tujuan pembangunan kesehatan perlu didorong guna mewujudkan tatanan hidup masyarakat melalui paradigma “Desa Sehat” dengan harapan berimplikasi langsung bagi peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat. Guna mewujudkan cita-cita tersebut di Desa Tutul Kecamatan Balung telah dibangun pola Desa Sehat yang didasari kemandirian keluarga dalam mengevaluasi kesehatan keluarga secara mandiri. Hal ini dioptimalkan dengan peran Tim Pelaksana Tugas (SATGAS) sebagai koordinator manajemen Desa Sehat berbasis Independent Family Health Evaluation (IFHE). Pemberian informasi kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya meningkatkan kompetensi Tim SATGAS Desa Sehat berbasis IFHE serta masyarakatnya. Menggunakan sampel 47 responden yang terdiri dari Tim Satgas, perwakilan RW dan perwakilan Posyandu, dengan Pra Experiment Pre-Post Test Design dan analisa data Paired T-Test (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan informasi kesehatan meliputi kesehatan komunitas pendukung desa sehat (p value 0,01), optimalisasi gizi dalam pencegahan stunting (p value 0,02), mengenal penyakit gangguan kardiovaskuler (p value   0,01 ), kehamilan risiko tinggi dan pencegahan kematian periode perinatal (p value   0,04 ). Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa pemberian informasi kesehatan efektif dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pengetahuan Tim SATGAS Desa Sehat Berbasis IFHE serta masyarakat Desa Tutul.
Pemanfaatan Adobe Illustrator (AI) Sebagai Aplikasi Desain Bahan Ajar Berbasis Komik
Authors: Lubis Baihaqi Siddik , Sari Suci Perwita , Siregar Eko Febri Syahputra , Batubara Ismail Hanif
Published: December 2022

Pembelajaran selama pandemi menuntut guru dapat beradaptasi dengan teknologi untuk menyajikan pembelajaran yang bermakna. Namun kurangnya kemampuan teknologi terkhusus dalam bidang desain grafis menjadi permasalah untuk menghadirkan bahan ajar yang menarik dan efektif bagi siswa. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk membuat bahan ajar berbasis komik menggunakan adobe illustrator. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi yaitu metode untuk memahami makna yang tersembunyi dan hakiki dari suatu pengalaman. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 19 guru SMP Muhammadiyah 47 Sunggal. Tahapan kegiatan PKM ini meliputi tahap persiapan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi lapangan, wawancara selama kegiatan berlangsung, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh oleh tim PKM selanjutnya akan di analisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan membuat bahan ajar berbasis komik dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, yaitu:  teknologi yang digunakan, kesulitan dalam desain dan motivasi guru. Kegiatan PKM ini memberikan pemaparan yang jelas dalam pemanfaatan aplikasi adobe illusutrator (AI) dalam proses pembuatan bahan ajar berbasis komik.
La violenza di genere nei confronti delle donne: aspetti giuridici tra XX e XXI secolo
Authors: Tricarico Marta
Published: December 2022

L’articolo affronta sul piano legislativo nazionale e internazionale il tema della violenza di genere nei confronti delle donne, mettendo in rilievo come è cambiata storicamente la consapevolezza della sua portata e delle molteplici forme in cui si esplica. L’azione penale e la punizione hanno un ruolo cruciale nella risposta istituzionale alla violenza di genere e nella lotta alle disuguaglianze, ma un ruolo altrettanto importante ha il contrasto alla diffusione di stereotipi riguardanti i ruoli e le responsabilità delle donne e degli uomini nella famiglia e nella società.
Libri di donne. L’Udi tra Sbn e biblioteche di Autrice
Authors: Sonzini Valentina
Published: December 2022

La presenza delle biblioteche dell’Udi nel Servizio bibliotecario nazionale è un valore aggiunto per tutta l’infosfera bibliografica italiana. Infatti, le biblioteche specializzate sul femminismo e sui movimenti delle donne sono una risorsa essenziale per ricercatori e studiosi della contemporaneità italiana; in più, sono un chiaro esempio di biblioteche specializzate che spesso custodiscono raccolte bibliografiche di persona, più specificatamente di donna (socie e simpatizzanti), piuttosto inusuali nel panorama del nostro Paese.
Sustainability assessment and analysis of Tunisian olive growing systems
Authors: Mokrani Aicha , Ben Nasr Jamel , Béchir Sai Mohamed , Salah Bachta Mohamed
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to assess and to analyze the sustainability of Tunisian olive growing system. Results show two types of farms in this sector. The first one is the traditional farms. The second is the modern farms. The sustainable value method (SV_method) inspired from the "ADVANCE" approach showed that those who adopt the modern management of the olive tree are more sustainable than the traditional type. In fact, the modern group presents a positive sustainable value. However, the traditional group recorded less efficient values than the Benchmark. Indeed, its Sustainable Value is negative, which means that the farms belonging to this group are not economically viable. Therefore, the traditional mode of management and the lack of innovation threaten future farming and viability of traditional olive tree farms. Furthermore, since most of these farms are family type, the cultural utility, which explains the current existence of these farms, will be insufficient and decision-makers must enhance the adoption of new governance models.
Una costante di gravitazione dantesca: da Gustave Doré a Gabriele Dell’Otto
Authors: Rovere Valentina
Published: December 2022

In the mid-nineteenth century Gustave Doré fixed the imagery of Dante’s
Comedy through his 136 engravings. Their expressive power is disruptive and long lasting.
In order to investigate whether this modelling charge is still operating within very
recent works, this essay takes into consideration two different illustrated editions of
Dante’s Comedy: the one illustrated by Lorenzo Mattotti, Milton Glaser and Moebius for
the Galleria Nuages, and the one still ongoing which is illustrated by Gabriele Dell’Otto.
«L’Inferno va di pari passo col progresso!»
Dante, Geppo e il fumetto umoristico italiano tra gli anni Cinquanta e Ottanta
Authors: Canova Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Between the 1950s and the 1980s, Edizioni Bianconi published cult characters
such as Trottolino, Nonna Abelarda, Popeye and Tom & Jerry. Among these is Geppo,
the good devil chased out of Hell because he was unfit to carry out his duties. From the
very first stories, the infernal setting favours the appearance of references to the first
cantica of Dante’s Comedy. This essay focuses on two of these stories, by Giovan Battista
Carpi and Sandro Dossi, which are considered significant in terms of the reception of
Dante’s masterpiece in the comic strip medium.
Il bilinguismo italiano-dialetto in Sicilia
Profilo sociolinguistico, nuove realtà comunicative e prospettive didattiche
Authors: Di Caro Vincenzo Nicolò
Published: December 2022

The present volume aims at contributing to the ongoing discussion on the relationship between Italian and the Sicilian dialects, by updating it to the new communication dimension represented by Social Media, and the related increase of the written domain in daily digital interactions. The volume starts with a chapter on the technical terminology that is needed to address the question ‘lingua vs. dialetto’, which will justify the use of the term dilalico, à la Berruto, to describe the Italian sociolinguistic scenario. Chapter 2 offers an overview of the main European linguistic settings and discusses both the legal choices made by the Italian State regarding what varieties spoken in the Peninsula should be considered as minority languages to protect, and the normative reaction by the Sicilian regional government. Chapter 3 discusses those features that differentiate the Sicilian dialects from Standard Italian, sometimes characterising the regional Italian spoken in Sicily. It is crucial that these features are carefully taken into account in order to foster metalinguistic abilities and activate those cognitive advantages documented in different bilingual contexts. Chapter 4 deals with the issue of writing in dialect. Texting on Social Media is almost exclusively the domain of Italian, considering the persisting difficulties in promoting a written code that could be shared by most users. This is detrimental for dilalic speakers whose overall opportunities to use their dialects in such an important context diminish remarkably. Chapter 5 provides a discussion of the fact that awareness of the linguistic properties of the dialects could contribute to better control the competence in Italian, and to learn foreign languages more easily by capitalising on what dilalic speakers know about their dialects. The volume ends with some educational considerations that also hold for the other dilalic situations in Italy.
Athenian Honorary Decree for Thymondas (or Memnon) of Rhodes
Authors: De Martinis Livia
Published: December 2022

The stele bears an Athenian honorary decree from 327‑326 BC. The honoured person is Thymondas, whose paternal uncle was the well-known Memnon of Rhodes. The reasons why Athens decided to honour him seems to lie in his having spent himself with Alexander on behalf of Greek and Athenian mercenaries and ambassadors who had fallen captive to the Macedonian after the death of Darius III. The document would attest, therefore, to a form of opposition on the part of Athens to the policy by which the Macedonian, by settling in the East the Greek mercenaries he had captured and/or incorporated into the ranks of his army, wished to avoid the risk of masses of citizens accustomed to fighting returning home.
Officina di IG XIV2 – Three New Votive Inscriptions from the Sanctuary of the Spring of Saturo (TA)
Authors: Vallarino Giulio
Published: December 2022

The paper provides the first edition of three vase inscriptions, brought to light in 1976 from the so called ‘Santuario della Sorgente’, in the Greek site of Saturo. The texts, dating from 6th to 5th c. BC, are all related to local cults: two of them are dedicated to the Basilìs, a local goddess attested by other dedications, while the third is devoted to the cult of an anonymous goddess. The latter inscription also presents the verb ἀποδίδωμι, in a formula rarely attested elsewhere at this age. The cults practice witnessed by these new documents shows some similarities between the site of Saturo and inland Messapian sanctuaries.
Ritratto di un personaggio di Nane Oca: don Ettore il Parco
Authors: Morbiato Luciano
Published: December 2022

This article presents one of the ‘stable’ characters of the cycle of Nane Oca by Giuliano Scabia, the priest Don Ettore known as ‘il Parco’, whose evolution is outlined: from a fixed, flat character, a voice of order and negation in the first novels, to an open and inclusive character, willing to pacify, in the final Il lato oscuro di Nane Oca.
Maffeo Vallaresso. Epistolario (1450-1471)
Authors: Malandrino Aurelio
Published: December 2022

Review of: Vallaresso, M. (2021). Epistolario (1450-1471) e gli altri documenti trasmessi dal codice Vaticano Barberiniano latino 1809. Edizione critica a cura di M. Melchiorre e M. Venier. Ljubljana: Zalozila, 793 pp.
La construction de l’altérité par la « définition naturelle »
Enjeux linguistiques, culturels et identitaires du discours missionnaire
Authors: Puccini Paola
Published: December 2022

Through his works, Celestino Testore gave an important reflection on the construction of otherness by the “natural definition”. The missionary discourse ends up confirming or invalidating, through the play of representation, the identity of the young protagonists. In order to understand the linguistic and cultural issues of missionary discourse in a given intercultural context, this article is centred on a corpus of 23 missionary narratives for youth. These texts – published in Quebec and edited by l’Apostolat de la Presse – present a classical ethnological approach for which the identification of the Other results in a closed network of meanings that use comparisons based on an ethno-centred perspective. However, in this kind of discourse we can also observe some unexpected signs of interculturality.
Musical/Textual Double Consciousness in W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk
Authors: Elia Adriano
Published: December 2022

Besides introducing groundbreaking critical concepts such as double consciousness, colour line and the veil, W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk (1903) was among the first books to attribute universal dignity to black music. It did so by devoting a whole chapter to the ‘sorrow songs’, seen as “the articulate message of the slave to the world”, as well as by opening each chapter with epigraphs composed of bars of ‘black’ spirituals juxtaposed with lines of poetry by notable ‘white’ authors – Symons, Lowell, Byron, among others – in a musical/textual version of double consciousness. Reconsidering the composite formal structure of The Souls of Black Folk and the role of the spirituals as ceaseless reminders of freedom, the paper explores the ways in which Du Bois’s speculations on black music foreshadow contemporary sonic/textual strategies.
Branca Clara das Neves conversa com Alice Girotto
Authors: Girotto Alice
Published: December 2022

[intervista senza abstract]
Yves Chemla, Alba Pessini. « Jean-Claude Charles, 1949-2008. La ‘voix fêlée, comme une hirondelle grippée’ »
Authors: Boraso Silvia
Published: December 2022

Compte rendu de Chemla, Y. ; Pessini, A. (éds) (2021). « Jean-Claude Charles, 1949-2008. La ‘voix fêlée, comme une hirondelle grippée’ ». Francofonia, 80, printemps, 212 pp.
Kathleen Gyssels, Kanaté Dahouda. « René Maran »
Authors: Fianco Fabiana
Published: December 2022

Compte rendu de Gyssels, K. ; Dahouda, K. (éds) (2021). « René Maran ». Études caribéennes, 8, décembre. https://doi.org/10.4000/etudescaribeennes.23125.
Shara McCallum. No Ruined Stone
Authors: Calderaro Michela
Published: December 2022

Review of McCallum, S. (2021). No Ruined Stone. New Gloucester: Alice James Books, 90 pp.
Oodgeroo Noonuccal, My People / La mia gente
Authors: Mari Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

Recensione di Noonuccal, O. (2021). My People / La mia gente. A cura di M. Zanoletti. Milano: Mimesis, 348 pp.
Lucilene Reginaldo, Roquinaldo Ferreira. África, margens e oceanos: perspectivas de história social
Authors: Muniz de Souza Simas Mônica
Published: December 2022

Resenha de Reginaldo, L.; Ferreira, R. (eds) (2021). África, margens e oceanos: perspectivas de história social. Campinas: Editora da Unicamp, 793 pp.
Tinjauan Asas Equalty Before the Law terhadap Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Waliden Ibnu Alwaton Surya , Maulida Selvia Fitri , Rachmatulloh Mochammad Agus
Published: December 2022

Penegakan hukum merupakan upaya tegaknya serta berfungsinya nilai-nilai keadilan yang tertuang dalam aturan formal. Namun, yang kerap menjadi penghambat adalah tindakan oknum aparat penegak hukum yang bertentangan dengan prosedur yang ada. Artikel ini membahas penegakan hukum di Indonesia dalam perspektif konstitusi dan asas equality before the law dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-empiris melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasilnya, terjadinya beberapa penyimpangan dalam proses penegakan hukum yang menjadi hambatan dalam mewujudkan asas equality before the law. Penyebab yang paling mempengaruhi, salah satunya, moralitas dari aparat penegak hukum itu sendiri.