bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal development of coexisting wave domains of Rho activity in the cell cortex
Authors: Hladyshau Siarhei , Kho Mary , Nie Shuyi , Tsygankov Denis
Published: September 2021

The Rho family GTPases are molecular switches that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell movement through a complex spatiotemporal organization of their activity. In Patiria miniata (starfish) oocytes under in vitro experimental conditions (with overexpressed Ect2, induced expression of Δ90 cyclin B, and roscovitine treatment), such activity generates multiple co-existing regions of coherent propagation of actin waves. Here we use computational modeling to investigate the development and properties of such wave domains. The model reveals that the formation of wave domains requires a balance between the activation and inhibition in the Rho signaling motif. Intriguingly, the development of the wave domains is preceded by a stage of low-activity quasi-static patterns, which may not be readily observed in experiments. Spatiotemporal patterns of this stage and the different paths of their destabilization define the behavior of the system in the later high-activity (observable) stage. Accounting for a strong intrinsic noise allowed us to achieve good quantitative agreement between simulated dynamics in different parameter regimes of the model and different wave dynamics in Patiria miniata and wild type Xenopus laevis (frog) data. For quantitative comparison of simulated and experimental results, we developed an automated method of wave domain detection, which revealed a sharp reversal in the process of pattern formation in starfish oocytes. Overall, our findings provide an insight into spatiotemporal regulation of complex and diverse but still computationally reproducible cell-level actin dynamics.
An improved data-free surrogate model for solving partial differential equations using deep neural networks
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Chen Rongliang , Wan Qian , Xu Rui , Liu Jie
Published: September 2021

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are ubiquitous in natural science and engineering problems. Traditional discrete methods for solving PDEs are usually time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the need for tedious mesh generation and numerical iterations. Recently, deep neural networks have shown new promise in cost-effective surrogate modeling because of their universal function approximation abilities. In this paper, we borrow the idea from physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and propose an improved data-free surrogate model, DFS-Net. Specifically, we devise an attention-based neural structure containing a weighting mechanism to alleviate the problem of unstable or inaccurate predictions by PINNs. The proposed DFS-Net takes expanded spatial and temporal coordinates as the input and directly outputs the observables (quantities of interest). It approximates the PDE solution by minimizing the weighted residuals of the governing equations and data-fit terms, where no simulation or measured data are needed. The experimental results demonstrate that DFS-Net offers a good trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. It outperforms the widely used surrogate models in terms of prediction performance on different numerical benchmarks, including the Helmholtz, Klein–Gordon, and Navier–Stokes equations.
BAP1 methylation: a prognostic marker of uveal melanoma metastasis
Authors: Bakhoum Mathieu F. , Curtis Ellis J. , Goldbaum Michael H. , Mischel Paul S.
Published: September 2021

Uveal melanoma, the most common intraocular primary cancer in adults, is characterized by striking variability in metastatic tendencies. BAP1 deletion in the primary tumor is associated with uveal melanoma metastasis, but it cannot always be resolved by bulk DNA sequencing of heterogeneous tumors. Here, we show that assessment of BAP1 methylation is an accurate and readily clinically actionable assay to accurately identify high-risk uveal melanoma patients.
Liposomes loaded with polyphenol-rich grape pomace extracts protect from neurodegeneration in a rotenone-basedin vitromodel of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Marino Attilio , Battaglini Matteo , Desii Andrea , Lavarello Chiara , Genchi Giada , Petretto Andrea , Ciofani Gianni
Published: September 2021

Liposomes were loaded with a polyphenol-rich extract from grape pomace. Liposomes successfully crossed the BBB and efficiently protected neural cells from neurodegeneration in relevantin vitromodels.
Recent advances in radical-based C–F bond activation of polyfluoroarenes and gem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Wang Junlei , Gao Han , Shi Chengcheng , Chen Guiling , Tan Xia , Chen Xuemei , Xu Lei , Cai Xiaodong , Huang Binbin , Li Hongqing
Published: September 2021

The direct employment of polyfluoroarenes and gem-difluoroalkenes as building blocks is regarded as one of the most effective and straightforward strategies for the introduction of fluorine-containing moieties into organic skeletons.
Hollow, mesoporous, eutectic Zn1−xMgxO nano-spheres as solid acid–base catalysts for the highly regio-selective O-methylation of 1,2-diphenols
Authors: Wang Xuri , Zhang Jianing , Xie Guangxin , Yin Zuyong , Liu Jie , Ma Xuebing
Published: September 2021

Hollow, mesoporous and eutectic Zn1−xMgxO nanospheres promote the highly selective O-methylation of 1,2-diphenols to afford mono-ethers in complete conversion together with excellent mono-ether selectivities via single-site activation model.
Selectivity enhancement in the electrochemical reduction of oxalic acid over titanium dioxide nanoparticles achieved by shape and energy-state control
Authors: Eguchi Hiroto , Kato Kenichi , Juhasz Gergely , Yamauchi Miho
Published: September 2021

The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles has a substantial impact on the product selectivity in an electrochemical reduction reaction.
ThIV–Desferrioxamine: characterization of a fluorescent bacterial probe
Authors: Aldrich Kelly Elise , Livshits Maksim Yuryevich , Stromberg Loreen Rose , Janicke Michael Timothy , Nhu Lam Mila , Stein Benjamin , Wagner Gregory Lawerence , Abergel Rebecca J. , Mukundan Harshini , Kozimor Stosh Anthony , Lilley Laura Margaret
Published: September 2021

Here we present the solution state structure of thorium(iv) desferrioxamine (DFO), a bacterial siderophore, and a synthesized fluorescent conjugate amenable for bacterial imaging.
Microwave-enhanced iron–carbon-activated hydrogen peroxide process for the advanced treatment of semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter effluent
Authors: Feng Ke , Mu Shiqi , Bai Jie , Li Qibin
Published: September 2021

The microwave-enhanced iron–carbon-activated hydrogen peroxide process is efficient for organics and humus removal in the treatment of biologically treated landfill leachate.
Lycopene prevents DEHP-induced testicular endoplasmic reticulum stress via regulating nuclear xenobiotic receptors and unfolded protein response in mice
Authors: Zhao Yi , Cui Ling-Ge , Talukder Milton , Cui Jia-Gen , Zhang Hao , Li Jin-Long
Published: September 2021

The present study suggested that LYC prevents DEHP-induced ER stress in testis via regulating NXRs and UPRER. This study indicated that NXRs and UPRER might be a new strategy for the prevention of DEHP-induced testicular toxicity by LYC.
Bio-memristors based on silk fibroin
Authors: Zhang Yi , Fan Suna , Zhang Yaopeng
Published: September 2021

Silk fibroin-based bio-memristors with diversified functions and outstanding performance constitute candidates for next-generation non-volatile storage, bionic synapses, and bio-integrated systems.
3D hierarchical nanoarrays composed of NiCo–Te multilayer nanoneedles modified with Co1.29Ni1.71O4 for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Shi Chao , Yang Qingjun , Deng Chengyu , Chen Shengyu , Hao Yue , Yan Yongsheng , Wei Maobin
Published: September 2021

Electrolyte ions can easily complete intercalation and deintercalation due to the multilayer structure of nanoneedles.
Accelerated screening of colloidal nanocrystals using artificial neural network-assisted autonomous flow reactor technology
Authors: Vikram Ajit , Brudnak Ken , Zahid Arwa , Shim Moonsub , Kenis Paul J. A.
Published: September 2021

An AI-assisted autonomous reactor platform enables accelerated synthesis screening of colloidal nanocrystals. The AI-assisted platform autonomously learns to accurately predict the synthesis outcomes across the entire synthesis parameter space.
A mitochondrial-targeting iridium(iii) complex for H2O2-responsive and oxidative stress amplified two-photon photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liao Xinxing , Shen Jinchao , Wu Weijun , Kuang Shi , Lin Mingwei , Karges Johannes , Tang Zilong , Chao Hui
Published: September 2021

The mitochondrial-targeting iridium(iii) complex Ir–B(OH)2 is activated in the presence of endogenous H2O2 to release the two-photon photosensitizer Ir–OH and the GSH scavenger methylquinone for amplified two-photon photodynamic therapy.
Highly chemoselective hydrogenation of cyclic imides to ω-hydroxylactams or ω-hydroxyamides catalyzed by iridium catalysts
Authors: Wu Chao , Wang Jiang , Zhang Xumu , Zhang Runtong , Ma Baode
Published: September 2021

Several novel ferrocene-based PNN ligands were prepared, which were found to be highly effective catalysts (TON up to 50 000) for the homogeneous hydrogenation of cyclic imides with iridium.
Preparation and characterization of self-healing furan-terminated polybutadiene (FTPB) based on Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Xia Min , Zhang Yanjie , Na Qing , Guo Tao , Zhang Minghao , Qi Zhenyu , Liu Ningning , Yang Fanzhi , Luo Yunjun , Yang Wei
Published: September 2021

Thermoreversible self-healing process of FTPB-DA.
Photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline over titanium(iv) oxide using various saccharides instead of hydrogen gas
Authors: Imamura Kazuya , Ikeuchi Kazuma , Sakamoto Yuki , Aono Yushiro , Oto Takahiro , Onda Ayumu
Published: September 2021

10 kinds of saccharides were investigated as hydrogen source in photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
Photodegradable antimicrobial agents − synthesis, photodegradation, and biological evaluation
Authors: Eikemo Vebjørn , Sydnes Leiv K. , Sydnes Magne O.
Published: September 2021

The synthesis of several new compounds containing an ethanolamine moiety are reported, of which two exhibit promising antimicrobial activity (at the 6 μM level).
A pH, thermal and light triple-stimuli responsive micellar solution formed by a cationic surfactant and trans-o-hydroxycinnamic acid
Authors: Lv Dongmei , Liu Qi , Wu Huijun , Cheng Yiyao , Wang Chenyong , Yin Baolin , Wei Xilian , Li Jing
Published: September 2021

A multi-stimuli responsive wormlike micellar solution (pH, temperature and light irradiation) was constructed by mixing a cationic surfactant R16HTAB and trans-o-hydroxycinnamic acid OHCA in aqueous solution.
Thermocatalytic formic acid dehydrogenation: recent advances and emerging trends
Authors: Xu Ran , Lu Weiqin , Toan Sam , Zhou Zhengruo , Russell Christopher K. , Sun Zhao , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: September 2021

As a state-of-the-art resource forin situhydrogen supply, formic acid has recently attracted considerable attention due to its advantages of high hydrogen content, low toxicity, and easy storage and transportation.
Recent progress and prospects of polymeric hollow fiber membranes for gas application, water vapor separation and particulate matter removal
Authors: Lau Hui Shen , Yong Wai Fen
Published: September 2021

High-performance hollow fiber membranes can be produced through proper tailoring of spinning parameters.
Development of Au–Pd@UiO-66-on-ZIF-L/CC as a self-supported electrochemical sensor for in situ monitoring of cellular hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Zheng Jilin , Zhao Peng , Zhou Shiying , Chen Sha , Liang Yi , Tian Fengchun , Zhou Jun , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun
Published: September 2021

In this study, a novel strategy called MOF-on-MOF was utilized to develop a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor Au–Pd@UiO-66-on-ZIF-L/CC for real-time in situ detection of H2O2 released from living cells.
Perylene diimide-based treatment and diagnosis of diseases
Authors: Zhao Zhining , Xu Na , Wang Yan , Ling Guixia , Zhang Peng
Published: September 2021

Integrated treatment using imaging technology to monitor biological processes for the precise treatment and diagnosis of diseases to improve treatment outcomes is becoming a hot topic.
Tensile properties of two-dimensional poly(3-hexyl thiophene) thin films as a function of thickness
Authors: Zhang Can , Yao Hongbing , Huang Gang , Wang Xiaohong , Qiu Longzhen
Published: September 2021

The effect of film thickness on tensile properties of 2D ultra-thin P3HT films is systematically studied: ultra-thin films show improved tensile resistance as thickness decreases; the thinnest film (2.07 ± 0.36 nm) shows the best tensile properties.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of InTe through Pb doping
Authors: Misra Shantanu , Léon Adèle , Levinský Petr , Hejtmánek Jiří , Lenoir Bertrand , Candolfi Christophe
Published: September 2021

Pb alloying in InTe leads to decreased hole concentration and lattice thermal conductivity, and hence, to higher thermoelectric performance.
Super-resolution imaging to reveal the nanostructure of tripartite synapses
Authors: Aleksejenko Natalija , Heller Janosch P.
Published: September 2021

Even though neurons are the main drivers of information processing in the brain and spinal cord, other cell types are important to mediate adequate flow of information. These include electrically passive glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes, which recently emerged as active partners facilitating proper signal transduction. In disease, these cells undergo pathophysiological changes that propel disease progression and change synaptic connections and signal transmission. In the healthy brain, astrocytic processes contact pre- and postsynaptic structures. These processes can be nanoscopic, and therefore only electron microscopy has been able to reveal their structure and morphology. However, electron microscopy is not suitable in revealing dynamic changes, and it is labour- and time-intensive. The dawn of super-resolution microscopy, techniques that ‘break’ the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy, over the last decades has enabled researchers to reveal the nanoscopic synaptic environment. In this review, we highlight and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the nano-world of the so-called tripartite synapses, the relationship between pre- and postsynapse as well as astrocytic processes. Overall, novel super-resolution microscopy methods are needed to fully illuminate the intimate relationship between glia and neuronal cells that underlies signal transduction in the brain and that might be affected in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy.
Metallicity-dependent nucleosynthetic yields of Type Ia supernovae originating from double detonations of sub-MCh white dwarfs
Authors: Gronow Sabrina , Côté Benoit , Lach Florian , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Collins Christine E. , Sim Stuart A. , Röpke Friedrich K.
Published: September 2021

Double detonations in sub-Chandrasekhar mass carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (WD) with helium shells ares potential explosion mechanisms for Type Ia supernovae. The mechanism consists of a shell detonation and subsequent core detonation. The focus of our study is the effect of the progenitor metallicity on the nucleosynthetic yields. For this, we computed and analyzed a set of 11 different models with varying core and shell masses at four different metallicities each. This results in a total of 44 models at metallicities between 0.01 Z⊙ and 3 Z⊙. Our models show a strong impact of the metallicity in the high-density regime. The presence of 22Ne causes a neutron-excess that shifts the production from 56Ni to stable isotopes such as 54Fe and 58Ni in the α-rich freeze-out regime. The isotopes of the metallicity implementation further serve as seed nuclei for additional reactions in the shell detonation. The production of 55Mn increases with metallicity, confirming the results of previous work. A comparison of elemental ratios relative to iron shows a good match to solar values for some models. Super-solar values are reached for Mn at 3 Z⊙ and solar values in some models at Z⊙. This indicates that the required contribution of Type Ia supernovae originating from Chandrasekhar-mass WDs can be lower than estimated in previous work to reach solar values of [Mn/Fe] at [Fe/H] = 0. Our galactic chemical evolution models suggest that Type Ia supernovae from sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, along with core-collapse supernovae, could account for more than 80% of the solar Mn abundance. Using metallicity-dependent Type Ia supernova yields helps to reproduce the upward trend of [Mn/Fe] as a function of metallicity for the solar neighborhood. These chemical evolution predictions, however, depend on the massive star yields adopted in the calculations.
Review of the syn-rift to early post-rift depositional systems of the Cretaceous Mauléon rift: sedimentary record of continental crust hyperextension and mantle denudation (Western Pyrenees)
Authors: Saspiturry Nicolas , Issautier Benoit , Razin Philippe , Andrieu Simon , Lasseur Eric , Allanic Cécile , Serrano Olivier , Baudin Thierry , Cochelin Bryan
Published: September 2021

The Mauléon Basin, in the northwestern Pyrenean Belt, is related to Early Cretaceous rifting and mantle denudation. Here we review the evolution of depositional systems in the Mauléon Rift Basin during Albian and Cenomanian time. This review includes the lithostratigraphy, regional distribution, boundaries, age and facies sedimentology of the basin’s syn-rift formations and their members. We construct paleogeographic maps to elucidate (1) the 3D distribution of sedimentary facies and depositional systems during the Albian and Cenomanian from the Iberian proximal margin to the hyperextended domain and (2) the link between major extensional structures and sedimentation during rifting and mantle denudation. The Mauléon Rift was supplied during most of the Albian by sediments from the Iberian proximal margin. The southern margin had a steep and abrupt topographic boundary related to a northward crustal rollover along the south-dipping Saint-Palais detachment. This feature controlled the deposition of coarse-grained turbidites at the base of the margin that abruptly gave way to low-density turbidites, then deep-basin deposits in the hyperextended domain. During uppermost Albian to Early Cenomanian time, mantle denudation occurred in the eastern Mauléon Basin and the vergence of the detachment systems reversed. Minor debris-flow deposits formed at the foot of fault scarps associated with the newly formed north-dipping detachments. Elsewhere, sediment from deltaic systems to the west in the Saint-Jean-de-Luz area deposited low-density turbidites in the hyperextended domain. During the post-rift stage, the flux of coarse sediment from the detachment footwall gradually declined as deformation waned, and low-density turbidites expanded onto the hyperextended domain from the European Upper Cretaceous carbonate platform. These paleogeographic reconstructions, in addition to offering a synthetic view of the evolution of sedimentary environments during rifting, offer new insight into the post-rifting exhumation of the lower crust and mantle.
The effect of solid solution treatment parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A286 superalloy
Authors: Shahedi Roya , Kheirandish Shahram , Shirazi Faraz , Seifollahi Masumeh
Published: September 2021

In this investigation, the effects of solution parameters on the microstructure and hardness of a Fe-Ni superalloy were studied. Samples were solutionized in temperature ranges of 900 °C to 1060 °C for the times of 0.5 h to 2.5 h, water quenched and aged at 720 °C for 16 h. for more structural examinations, some solutionized samples were aged at 800 °C and 860 °C for 8 h. The microstructure of the alloy was investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopes and the volume fraction of phases was measured by image analyzer software. The hardness of solutionized and aged specimens and tensile strength of aged samples at room temperature were also assessed. The results showed that hardness and ultimate tensile strength decrease with increasing solution temperature. It was found that increase in the solution temperature led to a decrease in volume fraction of η and carbide phases and an increase in the carbide sizes. It was also found that solution annealing time had no significant effect on the properties of the alloy.
Design of the reverse channel for the third-party remanufacturing considering consumer education
Authors: Wang Manman , Yang Feng , Xia Qiong
Published: September 2021

Different stakeholders pay more attention to consumer education for remanufacturing. They expect to promote the advancement of the remanufacturing industry by increasing the number of consumers willing to pay for remanufactured products. In the context of consumer education, this paper investigates the influence of different collection and remanufacturing capabilities on the reverse channel designs. The results show that increased consumer education makes the OEM partially forgo the remanufacturing right and more focus on the control of the collection process of reverse channels. We further explore the impact of consumer education on different stakeholders. We find that consumer education significantly improves individual profits and supply chain profit. However, for consumers, the temperate consumer education is all-around desirable, and excessive consumer education will reduce consumer surplus. For the environment, only when the environmental friendliness of RPs is relatively high, improving consumer education will reduce the environmental impact. Furthermore, we also examine the reverse channel designs from multiple criteria and discover that profitability, consumers, and environmental goals can be consistent under certain conditions. Our study provides new insights for the design of reverse channels in the context of consumer education.
Evaluation einer Webseite zu sozialrechtlichen Fragen für Familien mit einem an Typ-1-Diabetes erkrankten Kind und für pädiatrische Diabetesteams
Authors: von Sengbusch Simone , Hiort Olaf , Frielitz Fabian Simon , Lange Karin
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund Nach der Manifestation eines Typ-1-Diabetes bei einem Kind benötigen viele Familien differenzierte Informationen zu spezifischen sozialrechtlichen Regelungen. In vielen Diabetesfachambulanzen oder Praxen gibt es dafür jedoch keine Sozialarbeiter, sodass sich Betroffene an das Diabetesteam wenden oder im Internet nach Hilfe suchen. Im Rahmen eines Modellprojekts unterstützte die DAMP-Stiftung von 2015 bis 2021 die Einrichtung des „Kinderdiabeteslotsen für Schleswig-Holstein“ am UKSH Lübeck. Ein zentrales Element war die Erstellung einer Webseite mit juristisch geprüften Informationen für Familien und Diabetesteams: https://www.kinderdiabeteslotse-sh.de. Die Akzeptanz der Website soll hier untersucht werden.

Methode Vom 12.04.21 bis zum 17.05.21 fand eine anonyme Erhebung der Zufriedenheit mit dem Angebot mittels eines Online-Fragebogens auf der Webseite statt. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Im genannten Zeitraum wurde der Fragebogen 228-mal aufgerufen; 179 Personen beantworteten ihn vollständig. Deren Antworten gingen in die Auswertung ein. Von den 179 Teilnehmern waren 38,6 % Eltern, 4,8 % Erwachsene mit Typ-1-Diabetes und 28,1 % Fachpersonal, mehrheitlich aus Kliniken, 28,5 % der Personen machten keine Angabe. Die Internetseite wurde von 92 % der Befragten als „wichtig“ eingestuft, 85 % beurteilten die herunterladbaren schriftlichen Informationen und Handlungsanweisungen als gut und sahen dabei keinen Verbesserungsbedarf.

Diskussion Sozialrechtliche Themen stellen einen erheblichen Anteil der ambulanten Beratung dar und erfordern vom Diabetesteam ein fundiertes sozialrechtliches Wissen. Die Sozialgesetze gelten bundesweit, aber je nach Bundesland können Ansprechpartner und Sonderregelungen zu abweichenden Antragswegen führen. Dies gilt vor allem für die Hilfen zum Thema Schule.

Schlussfolgerung Es kann diskutiert werden, ob eine solche kontinuierlich aktualisierte Internetseite über ein zentrales Organ der Diabetologie deutschlandweit Familien und Diabetesteams zugänglich gemacht werden sollte.
Effect of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Infectious Complications in Patients with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Undergoing Urologic Surgery
Authors: Ramos-Castaneda Jorge A. , Ruano-Ravina Alberto , Osorio-Manrique Javier , Barreto-Mora Jackeline , Segura-Cardona Angela María , Lemos-Luengas Elkin V.
Published: September 2021

Objectives To identify the effect of duration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) and other variables on infectious postsurgical complications in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) undergoing urological surgery.

Methods We conducted an observational study of a cohort of patients with ASB scheduled for urologic surgery at three health service providers in Colombia. The study population comprised all patients with planned urologic surgery who had ASB prior to surgery from April 2018 to January 2019. The intervention evaluated was the duration of preoperative SAP, and the outcome variable was the development of any postoperative infectious complications for up to 30 days after the procedure.

Results The present study included 184 patients with ASB scheduled for urologic surgery.

The median duration of preoperative SAP (p = 0.49) or of 1 dose SAP (risk ratio [RR] = 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–3.39) were not statistically different in patients with postsurgical infectious complications. Infectious complications were more frequent among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (RR = 6.57; 95%CI: 1.98–21.76) and hospitalization in the preceding 3 months (RR = 8.32; 95%CI: 2.69–25.71).

Conclusion One dose of antimicrobial therapy is sufficient to avoid infectious complications in patients with ASB. There were other factors associated with postsurgical infectious complications, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and hospitalization in the preceding 3 months.
Caracterización de la infección urinaria y resistencia antimicrobiana en receptores de trasplante renal de un centro colombiano
Authors: Castañeda-Millán David Andrés , Osorio-Iriarte Juan Carlos , Alzate-Granados Juan Pablo , Amórtegui-Rodríguez Daniel , Arbeláez-Teuzaba Juan Sebastián , Romero-Sánchez María Camila , Flórez-Barbosa Karen , Fajardo-Cediel William
Published: September 2021

La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) es una de las principales complicaciones postrasplante renal, los datos a nivel nacional en ese grupo poblacional son limitados.

Objetivos caracterizar la microbiología de las ITU presentadas en receptores de trasplante renal (TxR) en un centro colombiano durante el periodo 2017–2019, los factores relacionados con la resistencia antimicrobiana y el impacto de la ITU en la función del injerto renal.

Métodos estudio de corte transversal ejecutado mediante el análisis de la base de datos de ingresos hospitalarios por urgencias de pacientes receptores de TxR con sospecha clínica de ITU en una institución de cuarto nivel en Bogotá, Colombia. El análisis de datos se ejecutó en STATA 13.0.

Resultados La ITU causó 12,69% de visitas a urgencias en pacientes trasplantados. Los microorganismos aislados fueron: Escherichia coli 52,22%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 16,67%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4,44%, Salmonella spp 4,44%, Proteus mirabilis 3,33%, Serratia marcescens 2,22%, Klebsiella oxytoca 2,22%, Citrobacter koseri 1,11%, Enterobacter cloacae 1,11%, otros 2,22%; El urocultivo fue negativo en 10% de los casos. El 28,39% (n:23) de gérmenes aislados fue multisensible mientras que el 71,60% (n:58) expresó algún tipo de patrón de resistencia distribuido así: 68,96% productor de betalactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE), 15,52% productor de carbapenemasas, 12,06% productor de betalactamasa tipo IRT, 3,45% fue catalogado como multirresistente. 17,78% de los pacientes presentó criterios de urosepsis, no se registró ningún caso de mortalidad asociada a la ITU. La creatinina sérica tuvo un incremento promedio de 0,46 mg/dl durante el episodio de ITU (p: <0,0001) y el antecedente de diabetes mellitus se relacionó con la ITU causada por gérmenes resistentes (p: 0,008).

Conclusiones La ITU es una causa frecuente de atención en urgencias para pacientes receptores de TxR; la Escherichia coli es el microorganismo causal más frecuente y cerca del 70% de los gérmenes aislados presentó algún patrón de resistencia antimicrobiana.
Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Patients in Colombia: data from the National Health Registry from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Parra-Medina Rafael , Barahona-Correa Julian , Chaves Juan Jose , Páyan-Gomez César , Ramirez-Clavijo Sandra , Fenández-Ávila Daniel G. , Rosselli Diego
Published: September 2021

Background and Objective Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease and is among the top five causes of death in men worldwide. The Colombian Ministry of Health has adopted the Integrated Information System on Social Protection (Sistema Integrado de Información de la Protección Social, SISPRO, by its Spanish acronym) registry to collect comprehensive information from the Colombian health system. The system provides close to universal coverage (around 95%). We aimed to establish the prevalence of prostate cancer in Colombia and to describe its demographics, based on data provided by SISPRO, openly available for scientific analysis.

Methods Using the SISPRO data from 2015 through 2019, we analyzed the prevalence and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Results We identified a total of 43,862 patients with prostate cancer in the 5-year period and estimated a prevalence of 4.54 cases per 1,000 habitants, using as denominator males over 35 years old. We calculated a prevalence of early-onset prostate cancer (i.e., 35–54 years) of 0.14 per 1,000 habitants (791 cases in 5 years). The highest prevalence was observed in patients > 80 years (33.45 per 1,000 habitants). The departments with the highest prevalence were Bogotá, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, and Boyacá, and the region with the lowest prevalence was Amazonas.

Conclusion We describe the prevalence and demographics of prostate cancer in Colombia using the national healthcare system database. We observed that the prevalence has been increasing over time, and the distribution is variable according to regions, which may be related to racial or environmental causes, or access to the urologist. These factors should be addressed in further studies.
Participación en investigación durante la formación en Traumatología y Ortopedia en Chile ¿Con qué frecuencia publican los residentes?
Authors: Cabrolier Jorge , Gomez Carlos , Guiloff Rodrigo , Leyton Martin , Figueroa David
Published: September 2021

Objetivo Determinar el promedio de artículos indexados publicados por residentes de traumatología en Chile y, en segundo lugar, establecer si el tiempo protegido para investigación se asociaba con un mayor número de publicaciones.

Métodos Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos de PubMed para identificar publicaciones escritas por residentes egresados de programas chilenos entre 2012 y 2016. Se incluyeron artículos con fecha de publicación entre 6 meses después del inicio de su residencia y 12 meses después de la graduación. Se excluyeron las cartas al editor, los artículos no relacionados con la cirugía ortopédica, y los proyectos de investigación con una afiliación institucional distinta a sus programas de formación. Cada currículo de los programas de residencia fue revisado para que se identificara la mención de tiempo protegido para investigación.

Resultados Se incluyó a un total de 272 residentes de 10 programas, y 72 artículos cumplieron los criterios de selección. La tasa de publicación promedio fue de 0,26 ± 1,13 artículos (rango: 0 a 13 artículos) por residente durante su formación. En total, 2 programas tuvieron una tasa de publicación promedio superior a 1, y un 89,4% de los residentes chilenos no publicó ningún artículo durante su formación. Ninguno de los programas especificó tiempo protegido para la investigación.

Conclusiones A nuestro entender, este es el primer estudio que describe el estado actual de la participación en la investigación entre los residentes de traumatología chilenos. El número promedio de publicaciones indexadas en PubMed por residente durante la formación en Chile fue de 0.26 ± 1.13 artículos. Sólo el 10% de los residentes publica un artículo durante su residencia. No se pudo establecer una correlación entre el tiempo protegido para la investigación y el número de publicaciones.
Manejo actual de las metástasis vertebrales: un trabajo en equipo
Authors: Silva Alvaro , Bravo Oscar , Salas Claudio , Yurac Ratko , Valencia Javiera , Goset Karen , Harbst Hans , Córdova Andrés
Published: September 2021

La enfermedad metastásica vertebral es frecuente en los pacientes con cáncer avanzado, y conlleva a complicaciones inherentes a su progresión, como lo son la fractura patológica vertebral y la compresión neural metastásica. Se realizó una revisión de los aspectos terapéuticos actuales del manejo de la progresión y de las complicaciones de la enfermedad metastásica vertebral, enfatizando su enfrentamiento sistémico y personalizado. Nuestro objetivo principal es proporcionar información sobre el tratamiento actual de esta afección y la utilidad del manejo sistémico y multidisciplinario.
¿Es segura la cirugía ambulatoria de reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior? Experiencia a dos años de seguimiento clínico
Authors: Edwards Diego , Anastasiadis Zoy , Guiloff Rodrigo , Valderrama Carlos , Espina Angelo , Arellano Sergio , Schmidt-Hebbel Andrés , Vaisman Alex
Published: September 2021

Introducción La cirugía ambulatoria permite una reducción importante del costo en procedimientos de alta prevalencia; no obstante, siempre debe resguardarse la seguridad del paciente.

Objetivo Evaluar las complicaciones operatorias tempranas y resultados funcionales en pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior (R-LCA) en cirugía ambulatoria. Se analiza además una estimación en la reducción de costos por programa ambulatorio.

Material y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a R-LCA con técnica hueso-tendón-hueso (HTH) en pabellón ambulatorio en un mismo centro, entre 2016 y 2018. Se excluyeron pacientes con menos de un año de seguimiento. Se utilizó el mismo protocolo anestésico: anestesia espinal y bloqueo sensitivo único, asociado a analgesia postoperatoria por vía oral. Se entregó a pacientes instructivo de cuidados postoperatorios, síntomas de alarma, y ejercicios de fisioterapia al alta. Se realizó encuesta telefónica al tercer día para evaluar el estado general y las complicaciones, y, al final del seguimiento, para evaluación funcional mediante las escalas de Tegner y Lysholm pre- y postquirúrgicos. Se identificaronó a pacientes no dados de alta el mismo día, consulta precoz no programada, y reintervenciones.

Se realizó un análisis de costo para evaluar el ahorro por procedimiento ambulatorio versus hospitalizado.

Resultados Se operaron 36 pacientes de forma ambulatoria. En 4 (11,1%) se asoció a sutura meniscal con técnica dentro-fuera.

La encuesta postoperatoria inicial fue respondida por 23 pacientes (63,8%); todos presentaron buen estado general: 43% sin dolor y 57% con molestias tolerables. No hubo sangrados.

La encuesta al final del seguimiento (promedio: 22,5 ± 7,9meses) fue respondida por 20 pacientes (55,5%): la puntación en las escalas de Tegner y Lysholm aumentó significativamente, de 3 (rango: 1 a 6) a 6 (rango: 3 a 8) (p = 0,0001) y de 44 (rango: 12 a 81) a 91 (rango: 61 a 100) (p = 0,0001), respectivamente.

Todos fueron dados de alta el mismo día de la operación.

Hubo 2 (5,5%) consultas precoces, una por caída en domicilio con dehiscencia de herida operatoria, y otra por hematoma no complicado. Se registraron dos reintervenciones: una dehiscencia de herida operatoria y una fractura de patela.

La reducción de costos por realizar el procedimiento de forma ambulatoria fue de 203.205 pesos/paciente.

Conclusión La cirugía ambulatoria de R-LCA mediante la técnica HTH fue un procedimiento seguro en esta serie, con un manejo adecuado del dolor y resultados funcionales satisfactorios al mediano plazo. Se asoció además a una reducción en estimación de costos.
Optimizing Identification of People Living with HIV from Electronic Medical Records: Computable Phenotype Development and Validation
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Siddiqi Khairul A. , Cook Robert L. , Bian Jiang , Squires Patrick J. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. , Prosperi Mattia , Jayaweera Dushyantha T.
Published: September 2021

Background Electronic health record (EHR)-based computable phenotype algorithms allow researchers to efficiently identify a large virtual cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients. Built upon existing algorithms, we refined, improved, and validated an HIV phenotype algorithm using data from the OneFlorida Data Trust, a repository of linked claims data and EHRs from its clinical partners, which provide care to over 15 million patients across all 67 counties in Florida.

Methods Our computable phenotype examined information from multiple EHR domains, including clinical encounters with diagnoses, prescription medications, and laboratory tests. To identify an HIV case, the algorithm requires the patient to have at least one diagnostic code for HIV and meet one of the following criteria: have 1+ positive HIV laboratory, have been prescribed with HIV medications, or have 3+ visits with HIV diagnostic codes. The computable phenotype was validated against a subset of clinical notes.

Results Among the 15+ million patients from OneFlorida, we identified 61,313 patients with confirmed HIV diagnosis. Among them, 8.05% met all four inclusion criteria, 69.7% met the 3+ HIV encounters criteria in addition to having HIV diagnostic code, and 8.1% met all criteria except for having positive laboratories. Our algorithm achieved higher sensitivity (98.9%) and comparable specificity (97.6%) relative to existing algorithms (77–83% sensitivity, 86–100% specificity). The mean age of the sample was 42.7 years, 58% male, and about half were Black African American. Patients' average follow-up period (the time between the first and last encounter in the EHRs) was approximately 4.6 years. The median number of all encounters and HIV-related encounters were 79 and 21, respectively.

Conclusion By leveraging EHR data from multiple clinical partners and domains, with a considerably diverse population, our algorithm allows more flexible criteria for identifying patients with incomplete laboratory test results and medication prescribing history compared with prior studies.
Percepción de acoso o discriminación durante la residencia de urología en Colombia
Authors: Ortiz-Zableh Ana María , Quiñones Roa Andres Felipe , Santamaria Fuerte Bernardo , Tobar-Roa Veronica
Published: September 2021

Objetivos El maltrato laboral (acoso, abuso o discriminación) ejercido de manera persistente contra un individuo genera un ambiente de trabajo hostil y lleva a agotamiento, con un impacto psicológico importante y la posibilidad de aparición de síntomas depresivos. En Colombia, no contamos con publicaciones al respecto.

El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer la percepción de los residentes de urología en cuanto a discriminación de género y acoso laboral, verbal y sexual durante su formación.

Metodos Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, por medio de encuestas anónimas. Evaluamos las características demográficas, la percepción de acoso, el tipo de acoso, si éste afectó el rendimiento laboral del residente, y por parte de quién lo percibió.

Resultados Obtuvimos respuestas de 82/115 (71,3%) residentes, en su mayoría hombres (45 [56%]). En total, 66% (54) reportaron haber experimentado acoso laboral; y 35,4% (29) reportaron haber experimentado discriminación de género, siendo más frecuente en las mujeres (17; 58,6%). El acoso verbal fue reportado por un 64,6% (53), y afectó el trabajo de un 92,5%. La percepción de acoso laboral fue similar entre hombres y mujeres (32 [69.5%] hombres y 21 [61.1%] de mujeres). En total, 7 (19%) mujeres reportaron acoso sexual. Con respecto a la fuente de acoso, 39 (65,8%) fue por profesores, 26 (45%), por otros residentes, y 17 (35.4%), por pacientes.

Conclusión La percepción de acoso durante la residencia de urología en Colombia es real, y afecta el trabajo de los residentes. Este acoso es mayor por parte de los hombres, y es principalmente generado por profesores. Consideramos nuestro trabajo el punto de partida para continuar investigando un tema de importancia a nivel nacional y internacional.
Component performance testing shows differences between cloud-base quantum computer systems
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: September 2021

State preparation, measurement fidelity, gate quality, scaling: Quantum circuits performance differ among the top four commercially available platforms.
Thermoplasmonics of metal layers and nanoholes
Authors: Rogez Benoit , Marmri Zakaria , Thibaudau Franck , Baffou Guillaume
Published: September 2021

Since the early 2000s, the experimental and theoretical studies of photothermal effects in plasmonics have been mainly oriented toward systems composed of nanoparticles, mostly motivated by applications in biomedecine, and have overlooked the case of plasmonic resonances of nanoholes in metal layers (also called nanopores or nano-apertures). Yet, more and more applications based on plasmonic nanoholes have been reported these last years (e.g., optical trapping, molecular sensing, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering), and photothermal effects can be unexpectedly high for this kind of systems, mainly because of the very large amount of metal under illumination, compared with nanoparticle systems. Nanoholes in metal layers involve a fully different photothermodynamical picture, and few of what is known about nanoparticles can be applied with nanoholes. A plasmonic nanohole mixes localized and surfaces plasmons, along with heat transport in a two-dimensional highly conductive layer, making the underlying photothermodynamical physics particularly complex. This Tutorial is aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the photothermal effects in plasmonics when metal layers are involved, based on experimental, theoretical, and numerical results. Photothermal effects in metal layers (embedded or suspended) are first described in detail, followed by the study of nanoholes, where we revisit the concept of absorption cross section and discuss the influences of parameters such as layer thickness, layer composition, nanohole size and geometry, adhesion layer, thermal radiation, and illumination wavelength.
Effect of the projector augmented wave potentials on the simulation of thermodynamic properties of vanadium
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Yuechao , Xian Jiawei , Wang Shuaichuang , Fang Jun , Duan Suqing , Gao Xingyu , Song Haifeng , Liu Haifeng
Published: September 2021

We report significant differences in high-pressure properties of vanadium at zero temperature and finite temperature when different projector augmented wave (PAW) potentials are used in simulations based on density functional theory. When a PAW potential with only five electrons taken as valence electrons is used, the cold pressures in the high-pressure region are seriously underestimated, and an abnormality occurs in the melting curve of vanadium at about 400 GPa. We show that the reason for these discrepancies lies in the differences in the descriptions of the interatomic force, electron dispersion, and anisotropy of electron bonding obtained from different PAW potentials at high pressure, which lead to striking differences in the mechanical stability of the system. We propose a procedure for selecting PAW potentials suitable for simulations at high temperature and high pressure. Our results provide valuable guidance for future simulations of thermodynamic properties under extreme conditions.
Effect of freeze–thawing process on lipid peroxidation, miRNAs, ion channels, apoptosis and global DNA methylation in ram spermatozoa
Authors: Güngör İbrahim Halil , Tektemur Ahmet , Arkali Gözde , Dayan Cinkara Serap , Acisu Tutku Can , Koca Recep Hakkı , Etem Önalan Ebru , Özer Kaya Şeyma , Kizil Meltem , Sönmez Mustafa , Gür Seyfettin , Çambay Zafer , Yüce Abdurrauf , Türk Gaffari
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the semen freeze–thawing process on the functionality and molecular structure of ram spermatozoa. The temperature of pooled and diluted semen at 38°C (group 1, control) was lowered to 5°C (group 2), and it was subjected to glycerolisation–equilibration (group 3), frozen and thawed (group 4). Compared to the control, deterioration in spermatological parameters and significant increases in lipid peroxidation and global DNA methylation levels were observed in groups 3 and 4. When compared with the control, significant downregulation in the levels of miR-485 of group 2, miR-29a of group 3 and let-7a, miR-485 and miR-29a of group 4, and significant upregulation in the levels of miR-107 of group 3 and miR-127 of groups 3 and 4 were detected. In comparison to the control, significant upregulation in the levels of CatSper1, CatSper2, CatSper3, CatSper4, ANO1 and TRPM3 of group 2, CatSper4, ANO1 and TRPM3 of group 3 and KCNJ11 of group 4, and significant downregulation in the CatSper 3 level of group 4 were determined. As a result, the semen freeze–thawing process causes motility and morphological disorders in rams. This may be due to molecular changes associated with lipid peroxidation in spermatozoa.
Ecological diversification reveals routes of pathogen emergence in endemic
Vibrio vulnificus
populations
Authors: López-Pérez Mario , Jayakumar Jane M. , Grant Trudy-Ann , Zaragoza-Solas Asier , Cabello-Yeves Pedro J. , Almagro-Moreno Salvador
Published: September 2021

Significance

Our study addresses one main question: What are the ecological and genetic factors that drive pathogen emergence? To date, systematic experimental approaches to address this phenomenon are very limited. Here, we implemented a holistic approach to dissect the ecological, genetic, and evolutionary drivers that foster the selection of virulence traits and pathogenic clones within an environmental population using
Vibrio vulnificus
, an aquatic bacterium that can cause a deadly septicemia in humans, as a model system. Our results suggest how ecosystems may generate selective pressures that facilitate the emergence of specific strains with pathogenic potential in a natural population and can be applied toward predictive frameworks to assess the risk of pathogen emergence from environmental sources.
High-performance AEM unitized regenerative fuel cell using Pt-pyrochlore as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst
Authors: Gayen Pralay , Saha Sulay , Liu Xinquan , Sharma Kritika , Ramani Vijay K.
Published: September 2021

Significance

Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) combine the functionalities of both electrolyzers and fuel cells in a single cell/stack, enabling lower weight, volume, and capital cost. A fixed-gas URFC (FG-URFC) has the advantage of efficient and easy gas management. A highly active and highly stable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst with low bifunctionality index (BI) helps in achieving high performance and high round-trip efficiencies (RTE) in a URFC. In this context, Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-xelectrocatalyst is synthesized and evaluated as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst in alkaline medium. This electrocatalyst exhibits a low BI with highly symmetric oxygen reduction and evolution activity. The FG-URFC using Pt-Pb2Ru2O7-xshows high RTE for an anion exchange membrane FG-URFC, providing a pathway for the development of FG-URFCs for bidirectional energy and fuel production.