bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negyedik évfolyamos tanulók olvasástechnikai sajátosságai és azok pedagógiai relevanciája
Authors: Sipos Zsóka
Published: September 2024

A dolgozat célja a tanulók olvasástechnikájának, azaz az idő és a pontosság sajátosságainak feltárása az általános iskola alsó tagozatának végén, mivel ötödik osztálytól már elvárás az olvasás eszközszintű használata, vagyis a diákok nem olvasni tanulnak, hanem az olvasás a tanulás eszköze. A kutatás négy fázisból áll. Az első fázisban 934 negyedikes évfolyamos diák hangos olvasását mértük fel a diagnosztikai gyakorlatban is használt Meixner olvasásvizsgálati eljárással, vizsgálva a szocioökonómiai tényezők szerepét is az olvasás hatékonyságának alakulásában. A második fázis a hibák mintázatára és jellemzőire, míg a harmadik fázis a szavak azonosítása közbeni szemmozgásokra fókuszál. Végül azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a gyenge olvasási teljesítményt mutató gyerekek részesülnek-e ellátásban nehézségeik leküzdése érdekében. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy negyedik évfolyamon is kiszűrhetők azok a tanulók, akiknek olvasástechnikája elmaradást mutat, ráadásul olvasási teljesítményük szignifikánsan korrelál a szövegértéssel. Szöveg olvasása során a hibák jelentős részéért helytelen szemantikai vagy szintaktikai kombináció felel, ezért az olvasási hibák inkább a betűk, szótagok és elszigetelt szavak olvasásakor detektálhatók. A településtípus és az anya legmagasabb iskolai végzettsége nagymértékben korrelál az olvasás sebességével és pontosságával. A szemmozgásokban különbség tapasztalható a jól és gyengén olvasó diákok szóazonosításában: a jobb olvasási készséggel rendelkező gyerekek kevésbé érzékenyek a szavak ortográfiai bonyolultságára. Megállapíthatjuk azt is, hogy rendszerszinten az olvasási nehézségekkel küzdő tanulók jelentős része (66%) segítség nélkül marad, az ellátáshoz való hozzáférés csak kis mértékben függ az olvasási teljesítménytől, illetve független a társadalmi-gazdasági státusztól. Kutatásunk alapján megállapítható, hogy az ortográfiai és lexikai előfeltételek megteremtésével, azaz egyes hangok alapos differenciálásával, a szótagolás előkészítésével, a szókincs bővítésével még a veszélyeztetett tanulók is biztosabb alapokon sajátíthatnák el az írott nyelvet. A probléma megoldásának leghatékonyabb módja a korai felismerés és kezelés, éppen ezért célszerű volna szűrési mérföldköveket és azokhoz kapcsolódó beavatkozásokat beépíteni az alsó évfolyamokon.
A felnőttnevelés professzionalizációja Szerbiában
Authors: Milivojevic-Beszédes Viktória
Published: September 2024

Az élethosszig tartó tanulás jelentősége a hétköznapi kihívások vonatkozásában fokozatosan nő, aminek támogatásához jól működő felnőttnevelési rendszerre van szükség. Az oktatási szolgáltatások minősége a felnőttkori tanulás hatékonyságának és sikerének kulcselemei, ezen minőség megteremtése pedig a megfelelően képzett felnőttnevelési szakemberek feladata. Annak ellenére, hogy a felnőttnevelési szakemberekre jelentős szerep hárul, a nemzetközi szakirodalom felhívja a figyelmet a szakemberek nem megfelelő szakmai felkészültségére, az őket jellemző változó életutakra, az atipikus foglalkoztatási feltételekre és a gyakran hiányzó szakmai identitásra, amelyek befolyásolhatják a felnőttnevelési szakemberek tevékenységének hatékonyságát. Ebből kiindulva a doktori értekezés célja a szerbiai felnőttnevelési szakemberek munkaerő-piaci feltételeinek és professzionalizációs jellemzőinek többdimenziós vizsgálata. Ennek megfelelően a tudományos kutatás vizsgálati modellje négy szintből állt: (1) a felnőttnevelési szakma jellemzőinek, (2) a nemzeti jogszabályi környezet, (3) az intézményi szint (4) és a felnőttnevelési szakemberek mélyreható vizsgálatából. A kutatás első lépését képezte a szerbiai jogszabályok és egyetemi képzési programok tartalomelemzése és komparatív vizsgálata, amit a szerbiai felnőttnevelés területén döntéshozói és/vagy stratégiaalkotási pozícióban lévő, állami hivatalokban dolgozó szakértők (N=6) véleményének feltárása követte a felnőttnevelés aktuális helyzetéről. A kutatási eredményekre alapozva félig-strukturált, saját fejlesztésű kérdőívet dolgoztunk ki, amely a felnőttnevelési szakemberek vizsgált jellemzőinek feltárását szolgáló nagymintás kutatás (N=303) alapját képezte. A kutatás célcsoportjai a felnőttek általános iskoláiban (FOOO) és az államilag elismert, nem formális felnőttnevelésben (JPOA) foglalkoztatott felnőttnevelési szakemberek voltak, amelynek indoka, hogy Szerbiában a felnőttnevelés ezen területein szabályozza részletesen a jogszabályi környezet. Az adatok feldolgozása az SPSS és Atlas.ti szoftverek segítségével történt. A kutatás relevanciája, hogy ezidáig nem valósult meg hasonló empirikus felmérés Szerbiában, amely többek között megmutatta a felnőttnevelési szakemberek jelentős mértékű heterogenitását, az atipikus foglalkoztatási feltételek meglétét és a szakmai identitás sokrétűségét.
Diálogos Insurgentes: convergência de saberes e luta quilombola
Authors: Gusmão Neusa Maria Mendes de
Published: September 2024

A proposta neste texto é a de construir um momento de reflexão e troca que desafie as possibilidades de diálogo entre minha experiência de campo com a comunidade quilombola de Campinho da Independência, no sul do Rio de Janeiro e a experiência de dois outros pensadores do mundo rural e negro: Antônio Bispo dos Santos – o Nêgo Bispo e Carlos Rodrigues Brandão. Deles e de minha vivência em campo busco recuperar o valor da experiência, da observação e do compartilhamento em nossas memórias, práticas e registros junto aos povos negros dos quilombos e junto aos sertanejos negros ou não do centro-oeste brasileiro. Comunidades essas que lutam por suas realidades orgânicas que se confrontam com a sociedade inclusiva, portadora de outros interesses e que coloca em jogo as possibilidades das formas de viver, sentir e ser enquanto comunidades com historicidades próprias, diversas. Em debate, também, as possibilidades de diálogo e ação entre saberes comuns e acadêmicos em busca de uma nova epistemologia do conhecimento e, em busca de uma realidade mais justa e equânime.
educação superior no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Pase Hemerson , Nunes Lauren de Lacerda , Brito Antonio José Guimarães
Published: September 2024

Este artigo pretende fazer uma breve análise acerca da educação superior pública no estado do Rio Grande Sul e mais especificamente da sua região nordeste, também conhecida como Serra Gaúcha. O artigo tem os seguintes objetivos: (i) fazer um resgate histórico do processo de luta e demanda pela implantação de uma universidade pública federal no país, no Estado e na região Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul; (ii) diagnosticar a educação superior e oferecer informações aos tomadores de decisão no processo de implantação de uma universidade federal na região Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia utilizada será a pesquisa histórica e bibliográfica. As informações foram coletadas em atas e relatórios de comissões parlamentares, associações de municípios e de legislativos e da sociedade civil, além de órgãos oficiais de pesquisa, tais como IBGE e FEE, bem como sites das próprias universidades.
A Study on the Influence of Functionalized Graphene on the Mechanical and Biocompatibility Performance of Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites
Authors: Chinnasamy Mogana Priya , Kaliyannan Gobinath Velu , Rathanasamy Rajasekar , Kannan Sivachalapathi Senthamarai , Rajamani Sreerahulraja , Murugesan Sanjith , Dhanabalan Dinesh , Thangaraj Prakash , Jaganathan Saravana Kumar
Published: September 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a synthetic polymer produced by polymerizing vinyl acetate and subjecting it to alkaline hydrolysis, exhibits properties such as film formation, emulsification, and adhesion. However, pure PVA’s biocompatibility and mechanical properties are limited. Its hydrophilicity also causes it to dissolve in water and blood, rendering it less suitable for drug delivery applications. To address these limitations, PVA was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to enhance toughness and resistance to water and blood dissolution. Additionally, carboxyl (COOH) and hydroxyl (OH) functionalized graphene were incorporated into electrospun PVA nanocomposites to further improve their mechanical properties. The results show that adding COOH- and OH-functionalized graphene in four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.%) significantly enhanced the mechanical characteristics of PVA nanocomposites. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased substantially, with OH-functionalized graphene increasing tensile strength and Young's modulus by 224% and 338.3%, respectively, and COOH-functionalized graphene increasing these properties by 245.6% and 371.4%. Morphological characterization using FT-IR and FESEM confirmed the successful incorporation of graphene into the PVA matrix. Biocompatibility testing through APTT and PT assays showed both nanocomposites are biocompatible, suggesting their potential for biomedical applications. The optimal filler concentration for both graphene types was 1.5 wt.%. This research demonstrates the promising potential of innovative materials for healthcare and biomedical engineering applications.
Characterization of a Halostable Metalloprotease from the Halophilic Bacterium Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B
Authors: Febriyanti Annisa Dila , Asy'ari Mukhammad
Published: September 2024

Protein plays a crucial role as a biocatalyst in various industries, particularly in breaking down proteins into amino acids. The demand for proteases capable of functioning under extreme conditions, such as high salinity, temperature, and pH, is increasing. To address this, the exploration of bacteria that produce stable proteases in such environments is essential. Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B, a halophilic bacterium isolated from Madura salt ponds, thrives in salinity levels of 0-20% NaCl. This study aims to obtain and characterize the protease produced by Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B, focusing on its activity and stability under extreme conditions. The research involved screening, production, and purification of the protease using ammonium sulfate fractionation and dialysis. Protease activity was measured using the Kunitz method, and protein content was determined using the Lowry method. Characterization included optimizing enzymatic conditions (pH, temperature, NaCl concentration), identifying metalloprotease types, and analyzing enzyme kinetics and thermodynamics. The study successfully produced protease using a halophilic medium with casein and 5% NaCl. After 96 hours of incubation, the protease exhibited a specific activity of 654.737 U/mg. Optimal activity was observed at pH 7, 50°C, and 10% NaCl, with stability between 2.5% and 15% NaCl concentration. Enzyme kinetics revealed a high affinity for casein, with a KM value of 0.164 mg/mL and Vmax of 13.182 µmol/mL·min. Thermodynamic analysis indicated high stability, as shown by a positive ΔGi value (+105.84 kJ/mol), a low inactivation constant (ki = 0.0031 min-1), and a long half-life (t½ = 223.548 minutes). EDTA chelation tests confirmed that the protease is a metalloprotease. The halostable protease from Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B shows significant potential for industrial applications and bioremediation in high-salinity environments.
Analýza judikatury Nejvyššího správního soudu týkající se požadavků na odůvodnění opatření podle tzv. pandemického zákona
Authors: Ondřejek Pavel
Published: September 2024

The article reflects the requirements for the justification of extraordinary measures adopted pursuant to Act No. 94/2021 Sb. (the so-called Pandemic Act), which result from the case law of the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic. In addition to the requirements for the justification of extraordinary measures, a detailed analysis of all decisions of the Supreme Administrative Court concerning the relevant topic identifies the most important specific errors in the justification of extraordinary measures, as well as the limits of the justification of extraordinary measures, i.e. exceptions to the obligation to justify a specific legal regulation. The identified requirements and limits of the justification of extraordinary measures point to a balanced approach of the Supreme Administrative Court, which does not intend to substitute its decisions for the expert decisions of the primary decision-maker in emergency situations, but at the same time does not give up its role as a body reviewing general measures, even in a situation of uncertainty and changing conditions that accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. On the basis of the requirements, limitations and specific errors identified in the justification of extraordinary measures adopted under the Pandemic Act, the article draws more general conclusions concerning the justification of acts of a public authority adopted during states of emergency, even outside the legislative framework of the Pandemic Act.
Steering the Atoms for Peace and Development: Legal Aspects of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency
Authors: Fyhr Kim
Published: September 2024

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the leading international organization in the field of nuclear energy and nuclear non-proliferation. This paper examines the most important policy body of the Agency, the Board of Governors (BoG). The legal foundation of the BoG will be discussed in light of its constitutional documents, most notably the Statute of the IAEA and the Rules of Procedure of the BoG. The research question will be approached from the theoretical angle of functionalism. The paper suggests that in fact, the practical role of the BoG is even more important than could be concluded on the basis of the legal documents whence the powers of the BoG derive. Over the years, the normative framework of the IAEA has enabled the BoG to adapt to rapidly changing decision-making environments and political situations. Furthermore, this has made it possible for the BoG to contribute in a relatively effective manner to the development of substantive international nuclear policy and law.
Towards the Corporate Social Responsibility on Labour in the Era of New-Generation Free Trade Agreements: The Case of EVFTA
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thu , Nguyen Tien Dung , Nguyen Huyen
Published: September 2024

The article gives an in-depth understanding of the commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) on labour under the new generation of free trade agreements (FTAs) of the European Union (EU), and especially, the EU – Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). Following that, via the EU’s foreign and trade policies, this research clarifies the history as well as the evolution of the CSR commitments in the EU’s new generation FTAs. On that basis, this article also delves into the nature of CSR commitments related to labour in the EVFTA. Last but not least, the article reviews the current legislation of the EU and its member states as partners and suggests different policy implications that Vietnam and other developing nations might adopt to execute their CSR commitments in the context of global sustainable development.
Jelínek, Jiří – Říha, Jiří. Rozhodnutí ve věcech trestních se vzory rozhodnutí soudů a podání advokátů
Authors: Pelc Vladimír
Published: September 2024

Book review on Jelínek, Jiří – Říha, Jiří. Rozhodnutí ve věcech trestních se vzory rozhodnutí soudů a podání advokátů. 5. vyd. Praha: Leges, 2023, 592 s. ISBN 978-80-7502-670-5
Unfolded Protein Response Suppresses Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis via Autophagy Regulation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Chen R. , Dai R. Y. , Duan C. Y. , Liu Y. P. , Chen S. K. , Yan D. M. , Chen C. N. , Wei M. , Li Hong
Published: September 2024

It has been shown that drug resistance is extremely common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is one of the major problems in HCC chemotherapy. However, the detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. We have previously shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the tumorigenesis of HCC. Here, we demonstrated that the unfolded protein response (UPR) inhibits cisplatin-induced HCC cell apoptosis. In HCC cells, cisplatin treatment triggers the UPR, which subsequently inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Importantly, mild ER stress precondition suppresses the sensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis through autophagy regulation. Furthermore, heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is involved in the cytoprotective role of the UPR in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that Hsp27 inhibits cisplatin-induced HCC cell death through autophagy activation. Taken together, our results indicate that the UPR inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HCC cells, at least in part, by Hsp27-mediated autophagy activation.
The Influence of War and Occupation on the Primary Reconstruction of the Polish Economy between July 1944 and July 1945
Authors: Jezierski Andrzej
Published: September 2024

The liberation of the Polish lands was the result of two Soviet military operations. The first of these operations took place in June and July 1944 and liberated the areas situated East of the Vistula and Narew rivers. The second—January 1945 operation—liberated the rest of the lands belonging to Poland, prior to the Second World War. On the 26th of July 1944, the Polish National Liberation Committee and the Soviet Army's High Command signed an agreement concerning the taking over by the Polish administration of lands lying West of the so-called "Curzon line". The problem of the West borders was left open and was finally solved as late as the end of July 1945. And so, The West and North lands (then called "the Recovered Lands") were attached to Poland in the second half of July 1945. Thus, the part of the country, which we consider to be the subject of the present deliberation, stretched from the Soviet Western frontier up to the Western frontier of the Second Polish Republic. It is worth noticing, that the Polish Eastern boundary was fixed in result of an agreement signed in Moscow between Poland and the USSR on the 16th of August 1945, and our Western boundary was settled after Potsdam between the territory of Poland and the Soviet-Occupied Zone of Germany. The latter one followed the Odra and Nysa Łużycka rivers, with Szczecin and Świnoujście falling to Poland.
Die Organisation von Zwangs-Arbeitseinsatz in den eingegliederten Gebieten in der ersten Phase des Krieges (am Beispiel Oberschlesiens)
Authors: Sroka Irena
Published: September 2024

In den Kriegsvorbereitungen der Nazis wurde dem Arbeitseinsatz viel Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Der wachsende Bedarf an Arbeitskräften im Zusammenhang mit der Durchführung von Aufgaben militärischer Bedeutung verursachte eine Reorganisierung des staatlichen Apparats der Arbeitsvermittlung. Mit Rechtskraft der Verordnung vom. 20. Mai 1955 wurde die Arbeitspflicht eingeführt. Der Rang der bestehenden Arbeitsämter wurde 1938 durch ihre Unterstellung dem Reichsarbeitsministerium angehoben. Seitdem gehörte zu ihrem Arbeitsbereich die gesamte Frage des Arbeitseinsatzes u. a. die Ausarbeitung von langjährigen Arbeitseinsatzplänen, in denen auch die zukünftig zu erobernden Gebiete nicht umgangen wurden. Die Besatzung Polens infolge der September-Niederlage eröffnete den deutschen Behörden die Möglichkeit der Einbeziehung der hier bestehenden Ressourwen an Arbeitskräften in das System der hitlerschen Kriegswirtschaft. Diese Möglichkeiten wurden voll ausgeschöpft. Gemäß den vorher ausgearbeiteten ersten organisatorischen Konzeptionen wurde sofort nach der Besetzung der polnischen Gebiete durch die Wehrmacht die Bildung von Arbeitsämtern in Angriff genommen, deren grundlegende Aufgabe die Leitung der Arbeitseinsatzfragen war.
Long living human-machine systems in construction and production enabled by digital twins
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Hartl Fandi , Wittemer Moritz , Zhao Jingyun , Mayr Andreas , Fleischer Martin , Prinz Theresa , Fischer Anne , Trauer Jakob , Schroeder Philipp , Goldbach Ann-Kathrin , Rothmeyer Florian , Zimmermann Markus , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe , Fottner Johannes , Daub Rüdiger , Bengler Klaus , Borrmann André , Zaeh Michael F. , Wudy Katrin
Published: September 2024

In the industrial sector, products evolve significantly over their operational life. A key challenge has been maintaining precise, relevant engineering data. This paper explores the digital twin concept, merging engineering and operational data to enhance product information updates. It examines digital twin applications in construction, material flow, manufacturing and production, citing battery production and additive manufacturing. Digital twins aid in analyzing, experimenting with, and refining a system’s design and its operation, offering insights across product and system lifecycles. This includes tackling data management and model-data consistency challenges, as well as the recognition of synergies. This paper emphasizes sustainable, efficient management of engineering information, reflecting shifts in product longevity and documentation in industrial products and machinery.
The role of an ontology-based knowledge backbone in a circular factory
Authors: Hofmann Constantin , Staab Steffen , Selzer Michael , Neumann Gerhard , Furmans Kai , Heizmann Michael , Beyerer Jürgen , Lanza Gisela , Pfrommer Julius , Düser Tobias , Klein Jan-Felix
Published: September 2024

In a circular factory, new products are produced reusing parts from used products, as well as newly manufactured parts. The production system consists of disassembly, testing as well as assembly steps. Due to the unforeseeable conditions of the used parts, the complexity of such a circular factory is challenging. This paper contributes a concept of an ontology-based knowledge backbone to master the challenges of such a circular factory. The concept addresses the representation of knowledge especially taking into account uncertainty, how to design queries and means to detect similarities and analogies. Furthermore, the role of research data management with automatized workflows as a supplier for FAIR data is elaborated.
Managing uncertainty in product and process design for the circular factory
Authors: Heizmann Michael , Beyerer Jürgen , Dietrich Stefan , Hoffmann Luisa , Kaiser Jan-Philipp , Lanza Gisela , Roitberg Alina , Stiefelhagen Rainer , Stricker Nicole , Wexel Helena , Zanger Frederik
Published: September 2024

In the circular factory, uncertain attributes of object instances and process steps are found at diverse occasions. Even if uncertainty can also be found to some extent in linear production, the high variation of product attributes of used objects causes the process steps in the circular factory to generate a much higher variability of the properties of the objects handled in circular processes. In consequence, a methodology is needed to model, handle and manage uncertainties at all relevant situations within the circular factory. In contrast to linear production, the uncertainty of attributes cannot be extended to an object class (with the same production history), but must be assigned to each object instance (with its own history) individually. In this contribution, the basic concepts for managing uncertainty in the circular factory are introduced. As a common basis, probabilities are used to express uncertainty, thus being compatible with the traditional and proven concepts of measurement science and stochastics. To describe the individual information state of object instances, it is complemented with a joint probability distribution describing all relevant object attributes. Some examples for processes within the circular factory demonstrate how uncertainty is considered to manage the uncertainty related challenges of used objects.
Bibliographic bias and information-density sampling
Authors: Robbers Maja , Hammarström Harald
Published: September 2024

In the present paper, we discuss the bibliographical limits for commonplace typological studies and address how to estimate the resources available for an in-depth study using a full-text corpus of grammatical descriptions, considering different metalanguages, temporal stages of description, theoretical perspectives, and quality of grammatical descriptions. In a case study on motion, we illustrate the above perspectives and show how computer-assisted sampling using large-scale keyword searches for information-dense descriptions is a time-saving resource for the linguistic researcher to create genealogically independent samples. The measures discussed in this study allow for a better appraisal of the state of existing information for typological studies, but the problem of wider access to rare publications remains a significant challenge.
One place, many worlds – nutrition strategies of human groups inhabiting the site 3 in Miechów (southern Poland) since the Neolithic until the Iron Age
Authors: Mnich Barbara , Szostek Krzysztof , Nowak Oskar , Rodzińska-Nowak Judyta , Przybyła Marcin M. , Marcinkowska-Swojak Małgorzata , Nowak Marek
Published: September 2024

Studies on the ratios of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen constitute a research tool commonly applied in bioarchaeology to reconstruct human diets, including the origins of proteins consumed, the relationship between plant and animal foods, weaning processes, and parameters of the environment from which the food was obtained. Within the comprehensive analysis of the excavation results carried out at site 3 in Miechów (approximately 30 km north of Kraków), isotope analyses of δ13C and δ15N were performed on the human groups that inhabited the site from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. In total, 41 skeletons were investigated. The analyses aimed to hypothesise the nutritional strategies of communities of successive periods and to compare the knowledge obtained with current data and interpretations on food management in prehistoric communities of Central Europe. The results indicate a general predominance of a terrestrial diet, with plant-based foods prevailing, although not conspicuously. However, there are indications of slightly varying nutritional strategies among successive human groups. These differences are related to the contribution of animal protein and the relationship between C3 and C4 plants. For instance, in the Middle Neolithic (4th millennium BC), a greater consumption of meat and/or cereals from manured fields can be postulated compared to the Early Neolithic (late 6th and 5th millennia BC). On the other hand, the proportion of meat in the diet of Early Bronze Age inhabitants (2nd millennium BC) was possibly the lowest in the entire history of site occupation. This proportion returned to near-Neolithic levels in the developed Bronze Age and Iron Age (1st millennium BC). Regarding plant food, the results indicate greater variability in the plants consumed in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Levels of δ13C imply some contribution from C4 plants, that is, millet, during these periods. This aligns with recently formulated theories suggesting the post-Neolithic beginnings of millet cultivation and consumption in Central Europe.
Leistung ist nicht gleich Leistung – zum Leistungsverständnis von ALG II-Bezieher*innen
Authors: Jürss Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Die Frage nach der Leistung von Erwerbslosen und ALG II-Bezieher*innen für die Gesellschaft ist im öffentlichen Diskurs ein wiederkehrendes Thema, in dem den Betroffenen oftmals ein Fehlen dieser Leistung attestiert wird. Der Beitrag nimmt die subjektiven Deutungen von ALG II-Bezieher*innen selbst zum Ausgangspunkt: Mit Hilfe von problemzentrierten Interviews werden unterschiedliche Deutungen von Leistung herausgearbeitet und entlang ihrer Position zur Erwerbsarbeit gegenübergestellt. Damit zeichnet sich erstens eine Leistungsdeutung ab, die Leistung mit Erwerbsarbeit gleichsetzt (Erwerbszentrierung). Dem gegenüber, zweitens, steht die Abweichung von der Erwerbszentrierung als nur partielle Erwerbszentrierung (neben der Care-Arbeit) oder Alternativen zu ihr (Ehrenamt und Alltagsbewältigung).
Review of Opportunities and Challenges for Additive Manufacturing of Steels in the Construction Industry
Authors: Paul Christopher , Nath Dikshita , Tobber Lisa , Benoit Michael
Published: September 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3-D printing, encompasses a range of technologies that “print” material layer by layer to create the final part. Though there is significant interest in the AM of concrete in the construction sector, opportunities for the AM of steel still need to be explored. This review focuses on the AM of low-alloy steels, stainless steels, duplex stainless steels (DSSs), precipitation-hardened (PH) stainless steels, and tool steels, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of employing AM technology for construction applications. Fusion-based AM technologies, such as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and laser-directed energy deposition (LDED), are the core technologies that have been tested in the industry so far. WAAM has seen the most exploration for construction applications because of its higher deposition rate, larger build volume, and lower cost than other AM technologies. The mechanical performance of low-alloy steel, stainless steel, and tool steel shows increased tensile strengths after AM processing compared with wrought counterparts. Although AM is not economical for geometrically simple metal components or geometries, there is potential for AM to fabricate unique structural connections or joints, optimized load-bearing columns, and even entire bridges, as highlighted in this paper. AM’s digital nature (i.e., using computer-aided design (CAD) to create G-code paths for printing) can increase structural efficiency if coupled with topology optimization methods and high-strength alloys. Currently, however, general applications of AM in the industry are limited because of barriers with structural codes and standards not incorporating AM parts and AM technology barriers (i.e., limited build volumes).
Establishing a Method of Systematic and Reliable Analysis of Psychodynamic Process Notes
Authors: Rice Timothy , Hassan Yonis , Vickneswaramoorthy Arthi , Dalal Natashaa , Peral Michael , Livshin Anton , Maskit Bernard , Bucci Wilma , Hoffman Leon
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Process notes contain unique information concerning core elements of a psychodynamic treatment. These elements may be both conscious and unconscious for the author. One element for study is the tendency to which a therapist writes about providing either supportive or expressive interventions. This study sought to establish a method of systematically and reliably identifying the records of therapists' interventions as supportive or expressive. Methods: Three early-career clinicians were trained in the use of a process note intervention rating scale constructed specifically for this study. Quantitative statistical analyses assessed the scale's reliability and internal consistency. Results: Interrater reliability analysis determined at a p of 0.005 a Fleiss's kappa of 0.24 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.264, suggesting a low but statistically significant reliability between the raters. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.67 and a McDonald's omega of 0.53 suggested questionable internal consistency. Discussion: Early-career clinicians can reliably code the manifestations of interventions in psychodynamic process notes as supportive or expressive. Future studies may improve the reliability and internal consistency of the scale, add measures of interpretation content, and evaluate these data in relation to other core elements of process notes, such as the author's emotional engagement as manifested in language measures and clinical outcome.
Program for the Implementation of the All-Russian Complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” 1st Stage in the System of Physical Education of Children Aged 6–7 Years
Authors:   State University of Education, Fedorova Svetlana Yu.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of implementation of the All-Russian complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” of the 1st stage in the system of physical education of children aged 6–7 years. Methodology. The purpose of the article is to present an innovative program for preparing children aged 6–9 years to participate in testing according to the standards presented in the All-Russian complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” of the 1st stage at the Department of Preschool Education of the State University of Education, developed on the basis of monitoring the results of physical fitness of senior preschool children in 18 regions of the Russian Federation, analysis of practice and scientific research on this topic, a survey of teachers, students, parents from 18 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. General patterns were identified, consisting in the discreteness of preparatory physical education and sports events, the lack of consistency, strategic planning, centralized monitoring of the effectiveness of this type of activity in the system of physical education of children aged 6–7 years. For the consistent and targeted construction of work and interaction of subjects of educational relations integrated into the system of preparation for the implementation of the All-Russian complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” of the 1st stage, the State University of Education has developed the Program for the implementation of the All-Russian complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” of the 1st stage in the system of physical education of children aged 6–7 years. Conclusions. The innovative effect of the program is achieved through modeling the relevant goal areas of the organization of preparation for the implementation of the All-Russian complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” of the 1st stage in the system of physical education of children aged 6–7 years: scientific and experimental activities; innovative activities on the basis of basic departmental educational organizations of preschool and primary levels of basic general education; scientific and methodological support for teachers of basic departmental educational organizations; organization of educational and educational activities with students aged 6–7 years; tutor support for students under the Program for the implementation of the All-Russian complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” of the 1st stage in the system of physical education of children aged 6–7 years; interaction with social partners; education and psychological and pedagogical support for parents.
Symbols of the Evangelists in the icons of the Saviour in Power: rules and exceptions
Authors: Khlebnikov Denis
Published: September 2024

The position of the images of the four «animals» which are the symbols of the Evangelists in Russian icons of the Savior in Power, in comparison with Byzantine and Western European counterparts, is very stable. They are necessarily located in an «oblique cross», in the rays of a four-pointed star-shaped object: a man and an eagle are at the top: a man to the left (from the viewer), an eagle to the right. A lion and a taurus are below and they can change places, exceptions are extremely rare. The way they are related to the Evangelists also turns out to be very stable. There are a number of these ways; four have received the greatest distribution and fame in the literature: according to St. Irenaeus of Lyon, according to St. Hippolytus of Rome (the same according to Blessed Augustine), St. Epiphanius of Salamys (the same according to Blessed Jerome) and according to Pseudo-Athanasius. But in the Russian icons of the Savior in the Powers, only two dominate: the scheme of St. Irenaeus and the scheme of St. Epiphany. There are exceptions, but they are quite rare and, in the author’s opinion, for the most part they are the icon painter’s mistake, as they find no basis in patristic texts and other sources, while being mostly late and originating from areas where the tradition of the studied iconography and the tradition associated with it faded away. The author is inclined to associate the appearance and distribution of the iconography of the Savior in Power and other variants of the images of the Savior in Glory with the symbols of the evangelists in Russian icon painting of the 15th century with the wide distribution of texts containing the interpretation of the quaternary «animals» and connecting them with the Evangelists, which began in the second half of the 14th century. And if these phenomena are interconnected, the interpretation of St. Irenaeus must be this interpretation must be primary for the studied iconography as all the texts containing the interpretation of the «animals» which had become widespread, contain exactly interpretation of Irenaeus.
The Role of Adipokines in Chronic Pancreatitis. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ismaiel Abdulrahman , Kiessling Max-Ludwig , Ismaiel Mohamed , Al Srouji Nahlah , Leucuta Daniel-Corneliu , Popa Stefan-Lucian , Dumitrascu Dan L.
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims: Adipokines are among the biomarkers that have been studied in chronic pancreatitis (CP), as well as in pancreatic cancer (PC). So far, the existing findings are contradictory and inconclusive. Therefore, we assessed the levels of three major adipokines in CP in comparison to controls and PC, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin.
Methods: A systematic electronic search was carried out in November 2022 using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, reviewing observational studies. By using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, the included studies‘ quality was evaluated (NOS). In the examination of the estimated overall effect size, we employed the random-effects model in conjunction with the mean difference (MD) analysis. The MD with 95% confidence interval (CI) served as the primary summary outcome.
Results: Our systematic review included a total of 14 studies, out of which nine were considered in our meta-analysis. A significant MD related to leptin levels in CP patients vs. controls (-1.299, 95%CI: -2.493 - -0.105), resistin levels in CP patients vs. controls (8.356, 95%CI: 3.700-13.012), and adiponectin levels in PC patients vs. controls (11.240, 95%CI: 5.872-16.60) was reported. However, no significant MD was reported in leptin levels between CP vs. PC patients (-0.936, 95%CI: -3.325-1.454), as well as adiponectin levels in CP patients vs. controls (0.422. 95%CI -5.651-6.535]) and in CP vs. PC patients (-6.252, 95%CI -13.269-0.766).
Conclusions: CP was significantly associated with decreased leptin levels and increased resistin levels. Furthermore, increased levels of adiponectin are associated with PC. Yet, no significant MD was seen for leptin and adiponectin levels between CP and PC patients, and likewise for adiponectin levels between CP patients and controls. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity between the included studies.
Las representaciones sobre las lenguas extranjeras: su impacto en la construcción de las políticas lingüísticas institucionales
Authors: Pasquale Claudia Rosana , Quadrana Daniela Victoria
Published: September 2024

Este artículo se propone analizar las representaciones sobre las lenguas extranjeras de los actores de la Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu) y su impacto tanto en la construcción de las políticas lingüísticas institucionales como en el desarrollo de la planificación lingüística universitaria, a partir de datos recabados en una investigación recientemente concluida en esta universidad. Para la conformación del corpus de verbalizaciones de esta investigación, se utilizó una entrevista semidirigida, realizada por las investigadoras y aplicada a una muestra de actores institucionales con responsabilidades de política académica, sin relación directa con las lenguas extranjeras (LE). Para el procesamiento de los datos se empleó el análisis de contenido y el análisis del discurso. Los resultados muestran algunas incongruencias entre las representaciones lingüísticas y la realidad. En efecto, la lectocomprensión, modalidad de enseñanzaaprendizaje de las LE dominante en las universidades argentinas, «colisiona» con la representación de un saber total de una LE. Por otro lado, si bien el paisaje lingüístico actual de la UNLu se limita a una oferta curricular de francés, inglés y portugués; a una única LE reconocida: el inglés, y a un capital lingüístico cuasi-monolingüe, algunas representaciones lingüísticas permiten vislumbrar una apertura al plurilingüismo. Por tal motivo, es deseable que los actores involucrados en la toma de decisiones de política lingüística atiendan los requerimientos de la sociedad actual, pero también y sobre todo la misión e ideario de la institución, con el fin de proponer un proyecto coherente, consensuado y explícito sobre las lenguas en la universidad.
Diagnóstico psicopedagógico: diseño de actividades en inglés para niños autistas
Authors: Galvis Cardona Laura Valentina , Rojas Salazar Laura Daniela , Gómez Bonilla Nancy
Published: September 2024

Los estudiantes autistas son personas particulares con diferentes visiones del mundo y, desde su singularidad, aportan a la construcción del saber escolar. Esta investigación transversal descriptiva de corte mixto nace de una experiencia pedagógica previa en donde se evidenció la necesidad de incluir a todos los estudiantes sin importar su condición. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un diagnóstico psicopedagógico aplicado a cuatro niños autistas entre 7 y 10 años de segundo y cuarto de primaria de una institución privada. Dicha herramienta se adaptó considerando el PEP-3, el contexto escolar y observaciones consignadas en diarios de campo. Posteriormente, fue aplicado para identificar las habilidades y fortalezas de los estudiantes autistas en torno a las inteligencias múltiples y su nivel de desempeño interdisciplinar a partir del uso del inglés. El estudio concluye que la aplicación del diagnóstico psicopedagógico es menester a la hora de trabajar con personas autistas, puesto que permite conocer, analizar y evaluar la realidad escolar. Este posibilita la observación de conductas personales e indica al docente cuál debe ser el punto de partida para desarrollar el plan de aula. De esta manera, propicia la premura en torno a los ajustes curriculares que se deben ejecutar para ciertos estudiantes y así superar dificultades a través del uso de estrategias metodológicas formativas y flexibles. Este insumo permitió la creación de una propuesta educativa para fomentar la adquisición del inglés como lengua extranjera, considerando las particularidades y necesidades educativas funcionales de la población, tomando como base el enfoque de las inteligencias múltiples.
El papel mediador de la satisfacción en el abandono universitario: un estudio en estudiantes españoles sobre adaptación social y autorregulación del aprendizaje
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Nerea , Galve-González Celia , Martínez-Fernández Lara , Herrero Diez Francisco Javier , Bernardo Ana Belén
Published: September 2024

El abandono universitario es un fenómeno de gran interés debido a su impacto en el progreso social y económico de los diferentes países del mundo. Aunque la accesibilidad a la Educación Superior ha aumentado, las tasas de abandono siguen siendo preocupantes. La investigación ha evolucionado desde modelos unidimensionales hacia modelos multidimensionales, destacando la importancia de observar múltiples variables académicas, afectivo-motivacionales y sociales en la decisión de abandonar los estudios. Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido analizar hasta qué punto la intención de abandonar la titulación se predice por la adaptación social, el uso de estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje y la satisfacción con la titulación y expectativas previas. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 565 estudiantes universitarios de diferentes titulaciones a los que se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Intenciones de Abandono Universitario Temprano. El modelo de senderos muestra que la satisfacción y las expectativas previas median la relación entre la adaptación social y el uso de estrategias de autorregulación y la intención de abandono. Estos hallazgos sugieren la importancia de comprender las interacciones entre variables de diferente naturaleza para abordar el fenómeno del abandono universitario de una manera más comprehensiva.
The status of municipal government in the sphere of ecological security
Authors: Kostrubiec Jarosław , Karpiuk Mirosław , Tyrawa Dominik
Published: September 2024

The article covers the issue of ecological security in Poland with a view to international regulation, the objectives of which are pursued at the municipality level, i.e., the basic unit of local government. It is in local areas and at the source of any threat that a rapid response is often needed to eliminate environmental pollution and its effects. Accordingly, the municipal authorities have been equipped with a number of powers enabling them to take action for environmental safety. It should be assumed as a research hypothesis that, in terms of activities in the sphere of ecological security, a municipal authority is a body that complements the activities of the state resulting from EU obligations and other higher-level local government units and that these activities are aimed at issues closest to individuals. The study is characterised by a legal theory-based approach. The main research method used in the study is the doctrinal method, as well as the method of legal text analysis. It mainly draws on theoretical views presented in legal studies and those offered in case law practice.
Molecular Docking of Brazilin from Secang Wood Plant (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as an Anti-Breast Cancer
Authors: Astriany Dewi , Baroroh Umi , Umam Khotibul
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth, which can invade adjacent tissues or metastasize to other organs. Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a plant that has been used as an alternative medicine for a variety of health conditions, including some types of cancer. This study aims to determine whether the brazilin compound found in secang wood can interact with the target receptors estrogen alpha, 17-β-HSD-1, and NUDT5, potentially serving as an anticancer candidate. Molecular docking simulations were employed to identify the molecular interactions of brazilin against estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) (PDB ID: 3ERT), 17β-HSD-1 (PDB ID: 3HB5), and NUDT5 (PDB ID: 5NQR) using AutoDockTools software. The results showed that the best free-binding energy (ΔG) value obtained for brazilin against the 17-β-HSD-1 receptor was -9.16 kcal/mol, with an inhibition constant of 192.45 nM. The ΔG value of brazilin with estrogen alpha was -6.68 kcal/mol, and the ΔG value for brazilin against NUDT5 was -4.8 kcal/mol. Brazilin has a higher potency compared to innate ligands based on the docking result of estrogen alpha receptor and NUDT5. Some structural similarities and interactions occurred between the amino acids GLY186 and TYR155 in brazilin with the binding of amino acids formed in the innate ligand against the 17-β-HSD-1 receptor, thus showing similar affinity to the 17-β-HSD1 receptor. In silico approaches provided valuable insights into the potential of brazilin as an anti-breast cancer agent.
Development of a detailed bathymetry map of the Nhat Le estuary, Quang Binh province by remote sensing image treatment
Authors: Huong Le Thi , Van Le Thi Hong , Lien Nguyen Thi Viet , Thuy Trinh Thi Thu , Nga Le Nhu , Ha Dang Song
Published: September 2024

Multispectral remote sensing images with the advantages of low cost, wide area coverage, and increased resolution have been widely used recently for determining the bathymetry of coastal waters. In this study, the correlation equation is developed based on the Landsat 8 OLI satellite images captured on September 22, 2022, and the survey data measured during the time period of September 12–22, 2022, was used for mapping bathymetry in the Nhat Le Estuary area, Quang Binh Province, a relatively clear area from sediment. The correlation between the image and the field survey data is quite good, with R2 = 0.88. This shows that Landsat 8 OLI data is suitable for mapping sea areas with depths up to 20 m.