bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint reconstruction using tricortical iliac crest bone graft block for intra-articular extension of aneurysmal bone cyst of distal tibia in a skeletally mature patient – a case report and review of literature.
Authors: Mishra Shaswat , Jain Manish , Lalchandani Vishal
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Aneurysmal Bone Cysts (ABC) are known to be largely limited to the metaphysis. Epiphyseal extension of the lesion, that too in a skeletally mature patient, has rarely been reported. Further, literature regarding management of these lesion, where sclerotherapy failed, is scarce. We describe a case of distal tibia ABC with intra-articular extension, where prior sclerotherapy failed, managed with curettage and iliac crest allograft block reconstruction of the joint with excellent functional outcome.
Method: The authors report a case of a 20-year-old lady presenting with swelling and pain in her ankle joint. X-rays and MRI showed an ABC in the distal tibia with extension to the joint. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis which was followed by sclerotherapy, but the lesion recurred in a year’s time. Surgery in the form of excision, curettage, joint reconstruction using tricortical iliac crest bone autograft block was done which was fixed with plate osteosynthesis.
Result and Discussion: Patient under follow up at 3 years shows excellent clinical outcome, no evidence of recurrence, able to perform out her personal and professional activities with no restrictions. Addressing such a case is a very difficult task, and in a financially constrained scenario such as ours, brings its own set of challenges. This novel technique of ankle joint reconstruction using iliac crest graft has not been described elsewhere in literature. Such cases of joint involvement in ABCs are very rare, and literature on management of such lesion is even more scarce. Therefore, they need reporting to help in formulating better treatment protocols in such difficult scenarios.
Conclusion: The reconstructive of the ankle joint with tricortical iliac crest bone grafting in ABC of distal tibia with joint involvement can provide excellent clinical and radiological outcomes.
Power and Data Simultaneous Transmission Using Double-clad Fibers Towards 6G
Authors: Souza Letícia Carneiro , Pinto Felipe Batista Faro , Andrade Tomas Powell Vilena , Junior Arismar Cerqueira Sodré
Published: December 2024

To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first report in the literature on the implementation of a radio-and power-over-fiber (RPoF) system utilizing double-clad fiber (DCF) aimed at the sixth generation of mobile communications networks (6G) operating in millimeter-waves (mm-waves). The deployed FiWi (fiber/wireless) system makes use of the DCF core and first cladding for simultaneously and optically transmitting data and power using the same fiber-optics link. For the first time, we demonstrate the simultaneous transmission of a broadband 26-GHz 5G New Radio (NR) signal in conjunction with 20 W of optical power through a 250-m DCF link. Such achievement represents a 150% reach enhancement, compared to the current commercial-available femtocells from the fourth and fifth generations of mobile communications networks (4G and 5G), which use Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) interfaces that typically provide 1 Gbps throughput limited to 100 m reach. The PoF key components of the remote antenna unit (RAU), such as the photodetector and RF amplifier, are optically powered by using PoF technology. We evaluate the PoF system efficiency and stability over extended periods and compare the RoF system performance, by means of conventionally versus optically powered. Experimental results indicate the proposed RPoF system meets the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requirements, in terms of the root mean square error vector magnitude (EVM RMS), with no impairments. Overall, our FiWi system demonstrator provides a throughput of 1.6 Gbps using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) over 5-m wireless transmission in the mm-waves band. The obtained experimental data highlight the feasibility of integrating optical and wireless technologies for supporting more reliable and scalable beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G systems.
Comparative Outcomes of Six-Pack Versus Straight & Full Fist Hand Exercise Following Open Reduction and Volar Plate Fixation in Distal Radius Fracture. A Prospective Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Luenam Suriya , Chompoonutprapa Pariphat , Kosiyatrakul Arkaphat
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Six-pack exercise (SPE) is composed of 6 finger motion patterns which targets several hand musculotendinous structures and provides comprehensive movement is commonly recommended after distal radius fracture fixation. We tested the hypothesis that the straight & full fist exercise (SFFE) hand exercise which has a less number and simple to understand is as effective as SPE.
Methods
Fifty-six patients who underwent volar plating for distal radius fracture were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were allocated to either the SPE group (n=28) or the SFFE group (n=28). The primary outcome measure was Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) score. Secondary outcome parameters were hand stiffness, finger stiffness, Kapandji score, and grip strength. The evaluation was performed at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively.
Results
Forty-two patients were included in the final analysis: 20 in the SPE group and 22 in the SFFE group. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in all categories of MHQ score during the follow-ups except pain whichSPE group was lower at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). We found that the SPE group had significantly higher incidence of little finger stiffness than SFFE group at 6-week follow-up (p < 0.05) while no significant differences were noted at any other time points. The hand stiffness, Kapandji score, and grip strength were not statistically significant different between both cohorts.
Conclusion
This randomized clinical trial demonstrated that SFFE could provide the comparable outcome to SPF following volar plating for distal radius fracture.
Clinical value of MRI laminar line-simulated decompression for predicting the efficacy of cervical laminoplasty
Authors: Ji Piyao , Ming Jianghua , Li Yaming , Ma Yonggang , Zhou Yan
Published: December 2024

Aim
The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) laminar line (LL)-simulated decompression for predicting the efficacy of cervical laminoplasty (CLP).
Methods
Data of 60 patients who underwent CLP for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) from December 2020 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. LL was defined as the line between the anterior-inferior margin of the superior lamina and the anterior-superior margin of the inferior lamina at the decompression segment, and the anterior dural border to the midsagittal diameter of LL (simulated decompression) was measured. The diameter of the dural sac in compression segment of preoperative MRI and spinal canal of postoperative MRI were measured. The correlations among the actual decompression diameter, the improvement rate of the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score, the visual analog scale (VAS) score, the neck disability index (NDI) score, and the simulated decompression diameter were assessed.
Results
All patients were followed up for 12–38 months. Postoperative MRI results showed that the spinal cord was significantly shifted backward and the spinal cord compression was relieved. The midsagittal diameter of actual decompression and LL-simulated decompression were significantly increased compared with preoperative measurements (P < 0.001). The accuracy of LL simulation decompression was 91.7% (55/60) compared with the actual decompression effect. The mJOA, VAS and NDI scores were significantly higher at the final follow-up than before surgery (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
MRI LL-simulated decompression can predict the effect of spinal cord decompression and aid in the preoperative planning of CLP.
Effect of yoga on psychological aspect in persons in relief centers during the Meitei-Kuki clashes in Manipur.
Authors: Lakshmi R K Roshni Raj , Devi Naorem Jiteswori , Devi Naorem Romibai , Devi Naorem Nebita , Devi Shougaijam Menaka , Devi Thokchom Nandira
Published: December 2024

Background
Illegal immigrants of Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes from Myanmar have infiltrated into Manipur leading to change in the geopolitics of the state leading to conflict. The ongoing conflict between Meiteis and Kukis has led to extreme acts of violence including brutal killings, sexual assault, destruction and demolition of public and private properties. The affected people have been adversely affected in various ways including their mental aspect of health. Yoga is proven to be beneficial for such conditions like exposure to conflict and violence.
Methods
After baseline assessment of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, resilience, self-esteem, and spiritual well-being, the participants were given yoga intervention for 8 weeks. Post assessment was taken after the intervention period.
Results
There is significant difference between the baseline and post assessments of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, self-esteem and spiritual well-being with p-values < 0.05.
Conclusion
Yoga is an effective method to improve mental health in conflict affected persons residing in relief centers.
Comparative analysis basketball shooting percentage using enhanced bio-inspired dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm with encircling foraging strategy
Authors: Luo Qifang , Li Shumin , Huang Huajuan , zhou yongquan
Published: December 2024

Estimates from the international basketball federation suggest that globally, at least 450 million individuals are engaged in basketball sports. This paper an enhanced dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm with encircling foraging strategy (EDMOA) for comparative analysis basketball shooting percentage is proposed. Initially, it identifies shooting parameters-such as shooting distance, shooting velocity, shooting height, and angle-for general shooting scenarios, analyzing these parameters to provide scientifically sound shooting recommendations. Subsequently, it investigates the parameters affecting three-pointers and free throws, outlining feasible shooting strategies. It compares and analyzes the differences between three-pointer and free-throw shooting techniques while assessing the impact of distance on shooting outcomes. Finally, the study investigates shooting for tall players and short players, identifying distinct shooting parameters for both types of athletes and analyzing the differences in shooting approaches. The experimental results show that within reasonable ranges of other parameters, shooting three-pointer yields 87.09% increase in shooting accuracy compared to shooting two-pointers, while maintaining a shooting angle of approximately 52° results in an 86.30% increase in shooting accuracy. Leveraging the EDMOA, this paper addresses the above-mentioned issues. The EDMOA improves upon the limitations of the dwarf mongoose optimization algorithm (DMOA), which suffers from slow convergence and susceptibility to local optima, by introducing encircling foraging strategies and a survival-of-the-fittest population mindset. The outcomes of this study offer reference points for basketball coaches in designing training regimes for athletes. This research aims to provide scientifically grounded guidance for basketball player training, ultimately enhancing shooting percentage.
A challenging case of IVC compression in an adult polycystic patient. A case report
Authors: Matarneh Ahmad , Akkari Abdelraouf , Sardar Sundus , Miller Ronald , Verma Navin , Ghahramani Nasrollah , farooq Umar
Published: December 2024

Adult polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a multi system genetic disorder characterized by the development and progressive enlargement of fluid-filled cysts in both kidneys, along with other organs. As one of the main causes of kidney failure, ADPKD can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with over 50% of affected individuals progressing to ESRD by age 50. The symptoms in ADPKD are variable, with some patients experiencing nonspecific signs, while others present with symptoms related to the mass effect of enlarged kidneys on surrounding structures. This case report highlights an unusual presentation of ADPKD in a patient who developed symptoms of inferior vena cava (IVC) compression. Remarkably, these symptoms improved after bilateral nephrectomies, suggesting that bilateral nephrectomy would provide help in these situations.
Photochemical Strategy Enables the De Novo Synthesis of Saturated Bicyclic Amine Collections
Authors: Wang Lei , Feng Dewei , Geng Xiao , Zuo Lingling , Li Zhifang
Published: December 2024

Escape-from-Flatland concept have driven chemists pay more attention on the synthesis of C(sp3)-rich small molecules for potential drug candidates. Saturated bicyclic amines are a particularly relevant class of derivatives and their inherent structural rigidity ensures accurate three-dimensional (3D) disposition of exit vectors. Herein, we report the successful realization of a radical-polar crossover bicyclization reaction from easily available cyclopropylamines and substituted alkenes through photoredox catalysis. Notably, this approach introduces an innovative methodology for the de novo synthesis of a diverse collection of 4/5-, 5/5-, 6/5- and 7/5-fused saturated bicyclic amines in a systematic and modular manner that are difficult to achieve in previous methodologies. This work highlights the efficiency and utility of the photoinduced radical-polar crossover bicyclization and the applicability is showcased by excellent functional group tolerance, wide substrate scopes and simple derivatization reactions.
Origin and stability of generalized Wigner crystallinity in triangular moiré systems
Authors: Kumar Aman , Lewandowski Cyprian , Changlani Hitesh J.
Published: December 2024

Generalized Wigner crystals (GWC) on triangular moiré superlattices, formed from stacking two layers of transition metal chalcogenides, have been recently observed at multiple fractional fillings of the moiré unit cell [Y. Xu et al., Nature 587, 214 - 218 (2020), X. Huang et al. Nat. Phys. 17, 715 - 719 (2021), H. Li et al., Nature 597, 650 - 654 (2021)]. Motivated by these experiments, tied with the need for an accurate microscopic description of these materials, we explore the theoretical origins of GWC at $n=1/3$ and $2/3$ filling. We demonstrate the limitations of theoretical descriptions of these moiré GWCs relying on truncated (finite-range) electron-electron interactions instead of a long-range Coulomb interaction. We validate our findings by studying both classical and quantum mechanical effects at zero and finite temperatures. More generally, we discuss the role of charge frustration in the theoretical extended Hubbard-model phase diagram, identifying a ''pinball" phase, a partially quantum melted generalized Wigner crystal with coexisting solid and liquid-like features, with no classical analog. Quantum effects also explain the small, but experimentally detectable, asymmetry in the transition temperatures of the n=1/3 and 2/3 crystals. Our calculations reveal that the charge ordering temperature and the magnetic crossover temperature predicted using the long-range Coulomb interaction are correctly captured with appropriately renormalized nearest-neighbor interactions. The effective nearest-neighbor interaction strength is significantly weaker than previously reported, placing it close to a metal-insulator phase boundary. This observation has implications for future experiments that we discuss. We conclude by studying the dependence of melting temperatures on gate-to-sample separationand we also predict temperature scales at which magnetic crossovers should be observed.
Dispersal of land snails: How far can a snail drift?
Authors: Podroužková Štěpánka , Lucie Juřičková , Adam Čabla
Published: December 2024

Passive transport is an important way of spreading to new localities for slow-moving animals such as snails. Such modes of transport, often mentioned in the literature, include zoochoria or various human means of transportation. Watercourses are neglected in this regard, although they have been previously discussed as river corridors and proven routes for spreading certain plant species. Land snails can use them to move across recently fragmented landscapes, which may have helped snails shift ranges during the Quaternary climate cycle. We tested how such dispersal can occur in the field on two streams of different sizes with snails of two size categories. Our analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the distances travelled by the species of varying shell sizes in the small stream. However, in the river, smaller shells travelled further than larger ones. Our experiment suggests that land snails spread along watercourses in small steps, colonising new habitats step by step rather than over long distances.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking simulation uncovered the potential of hexacyclinic acid as anti-osteoarthritis by regulating IL-17 signaling pathway
Authors: Setiawansyah Arif
Published: December 2024

This study employed network pharmacology to investigate the pharmacological potential of hexacyclinic acid and its mechanism of action. Disease prediction analysis identified osteoarthritis as the most promising target, with the IL-17 signaling pathway emerging as the most significant KEGG pathway. TNF-α and IL-1β were identified as key molecular targets within this pathway. Molecular docking simulations corroborated these findings, revealing favorable binding energies between hexacyclinic acid and TNF-α (-8.62 kcal/mol) and IL-1β (-8.76 kcal/mol). These results suggest that hexacyclinic acid may exert its anti-osteoarthritis effects by modulating the IL-17 signaling pathway, particularly through interactions with TNF-α and IL-1β. The strong binding affinities observed indicate a potentially high efficacy of hexacyclinic acid in targeting these inflammatory mediators. This research provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic application of hexacyclinic acid in osteoarthritis treatment, highlighting its promise as a novel anti-inflammatory agent.
OrchidBase 6.0: Increasing the number of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) genomes and new bioinformatic tools for orchid genome analysis
Authors: Chen You-Yi , Sun Ye , Li Chung-I , Lin Shao-Ting , Zheng Hao-Chen , Zhang Zhe-Bin , Lee Bing-Ru , Hsieh Chun-Lin , Hsiao Yu-Yun , Chow Chi-Nga , Yang Chien-Wen , Chang Wen-Chi , Chen Heming , Yang Feng-Xi , Zhu Gen-Fa , Zheng Qinyao , Zhou Cheng-Yuan , Zhao Zhuang , Ai Ye , Wang Lin-Ying , Chen Deqiang , He Xin , Huang Ming-Zhong , Peng Dong-Hui , Yu Hao , Lan Siren , Liu Zhong-Jian , Wu Wei-Sheng , Tsai Wen-Chieh
Published: December 2024

Background: Containing the largest number of species, the orchid family provides not only material for studying plant evolution and environmental adaptation, but also economically and culturally important ornamental plants for the human society. Previously, we collected genomic and transcriptomic information on Apostasia shenzhenica, Dendrobium catenatum, Phalaenopsis equestris, and two species of Platanthera that belong to three different subfamilies of Orchidaceae, and developed user-friendly tools to explore orchid genetic sequences in OrchidBase. The OrchidBase offers an opportunity for the plant science community to compare orchid genomes and transcriptomes, and retrieve orchid sequences for further study.
Description: Recently, three whole-genome sequences of the Epidendroideae species, Cymbidium sinense, C. ensifolium and C. goeringii, were sequenced de novo, assembled, and analyzed. In addition, the systemic transcriptomes of these three species have been established. We included these datasets to develop a new version of OrchidBase 6.0. Furthermore, four new analytical methods, namely regulation, updated transcriptome, advanced BLAST, and domain search, were developed for orchid genome analyses.
Conclusion: OrchidBase 6.0 extended genetic information to that of eight orchid species and created new tools for an expanded community curation in response to the ever-increasing volume and complexity of data.
Comparative Study of Airborne and In-situ Measured Radiation Dose Rates in Gidan- Kwano: Implications for Radiological Safety
Authors: Shittu H. O. , Olarinoye I. O. , Kolo M. , Olukotun S. F. , Mathuthu M.
Published: December 2024

This study compares airborne radiation dose rates with reported in-situ measurements in Gidan-Kwano, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, using airborne radiometric data. The concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were mapped, revealing variations across lithological units. Maximum concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K were 846.35 Bqkg− 1, 31.84 Bqkg− 1, and 39.49 Bqkg− 1, respectively. Absorbed dose rates from airborne data ranged between 18.20 nGy/h and 68.86 nGy/h, with a mean of 31.65 nGy/h, significantly lower than the reported in-situ measurements, which ranged from 87.00 nGy/h to 252.30 nGy/h, with a mean of 136.75 nGy/h. The airborne data showed lower values than global mean of 59.00 nGy/h. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a weak positive correlation between airborne and in-situ measurements, attributed to factors such as photon attenuation, airborne measurement altitude, and geological variations. An isodose map highlighted higher dose rates in regions dominated by gneiss and granite formations. The findings suggest that while airborne data provide a broader overview, in-situ measurements are crucial for capturing localized variations, essential for radiological health assessments. The study serves as baseline data for future environmental monitoring, especially given recent mining activities in the area.
Personalized 3D-printed implant for thoracic vertebra body replacement after the total en bloc resection of a tumor with two-year follow up period
Authors: Aleinikov Viktor G. , Kerimbayev Talgat T. , Tuigynov Zhandos M. , Kenzhegulov Yergen N. , Zhamoldin Daniyar K. , Urunbayev Yerzhan A. , Abishev Nurzhan B. , Oshayev Meirzhan S. , Solodovnikov Makar P. , Akshulakov Serik K.
Published: December 2024

Background
This monocenter prospective study assessed the efficacy of 3D-printed personalized vertebral implants in reconstructing spinal stability following total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) for benign spinal tumors. Given the absence of specialized implants for post-resection reconstruction, this approach integrates 3D-printed implants for anatomical precision, stability, and improved postoperative outcomes.
Methods
Four patients who underwent TES and received customized 3D-printed vertebral implants were included. Data on surgical duration, blood loss, pain (VAS), and disability (ODI) were collected. Mechanical testing assessed implant durability, and follow-up evaluations were conducted over two years to monitor functional and neurological outcomes.
Results
The personalized implants demonstrated mechanical stability with no deformations at high loads. Post-surgical VAS and ODI scores showed significant improvements, reflecting reduced pain and enhanced functional outcomes. Neurological assessments indicated 75% of patients achieved full function recovery. CT imaging confirmed stable implant positioning, with no fixation failures or complications.
Conclusions
This study highlights the potential of 3D-printed implants for personalized spinal reconstruction, enhancing surgical planning and reducing procedure time and blood loss. Though promising, further research with larger cohorts is needed to establish long-term efficacy in various clinical settings.
Acl Tears in Female and Male Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Mazza Daniele , Carrozzo Alessandro , Annibaldi Alessandro , De Carli Francesco , Santoriello Vincenzo , Zeppilli Paolo , De Carli Angelo
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Women’s football has experienced significant growth, with approximately 29 million female players worldwide, emphasizing the need for research focused on injuries. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are a major concern, particularly among elite players, and understanding gender differences in injury incidence and recovery is crucial for developing effective prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed ACL injuries in male and female players from the top five European leagues (Serie A, Premier League, Ligue 1, La Liga, and Bundesliga) during the 2022-2023. A total of 169 players (71 female, 101 male) who underwent ACL reconstruction were included. Data on age, body mass index (BMI), injury history, affected side, playing position, and return-to-play (RTP) outcomes were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS® software with a significance level of P < .05.
Results: Female players had a significantly longer average RTP (300 days) compared to male players (248 days) (P < .001). Furthermore, 3.5% of female athletes did not return to play, while 12.2% of male athletes failed to achieve RTP (P = .028). The defender position had the highest non-return rate (25%).
Conclusion: This study highlights significant gender differences in ACL injury recovery in professional football. Female athletes face longer rehabilitation periods and greater challenges in returning to play, indicating a need for tailored injury management strategies and position-specific rehabilitation programs. Further research and targeted interventions are essential to improve outcomes for female players, enhancing safety and career longevity.
Multifunctional electrolyte additive for high power lithium metal batteries at ultra-low temperatures
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhang Weili , Feng Qingqing , Lu Yang , Wang Hao , Cheng Guangyu , Liu Hao , Cao Qingbin , luo Zhenjun , Zhou Pan , Xia Yingchun , Hou Wenhui , Zhao Kun , Du Chunyi
Published: December 2024

Ultra-low temperature lithium metal batteries face significant challenges, particularly sluggish ion transport and uncontrolled lithium dendrite formation, especially under high power. An ideal electrolyte requires high carrier ion concentration, low viscosity, rapid desolvation, and stable interfaces. However, harmonizing these attributes remains a formidable task. Here, we designed and synthesized a multifunctional additive, perfluoroalkylsulfonyl quaternary ammonium nitrate (PQA-NO3), which features both cationic (PQA+) and anionic (NO3-) components. PQA+ reacts in situ with lithium metal to form an inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) that enhances Li+ transport through the SEI film. NO3- creates an anion-rich, solvent-poor solvation structure, improving oxidation stability at the cathode/electrolyte interface and reducing Li+-solvent interactions. This allows ether-based electrolytes to achieve high voltage tolerance, increased ionic conductivity, and lower desolvation energy barriers. The Li (40 µm)||NMC811 (3 mAh cm-2) cells with the developed electrolyte exhibited stable cycling at -60 ℃ and a 450 Wh kg-1 pouch cell retained 48.1% capacity at -85 ℃, achieving a remarkable energy density of 171.8 Wh kg-1. Additionally, the pouch cell demonstrated a high discharge rate of 3.0 C at -50 ℃, reaching a power density of 938.5 W kg-1, highlighting the electrolyte's potential for high-rate lithium metal batteries in extreme low-temperature environments.
Optimizing Urdu Text Tokenization: Morphological Rules for Compound Word Identification
Authors: Khushhal Saquib , Majid Abdul , Babar Mohammad , Abbas Syed Ali , Naqvi Umza
Published: December 2024

Tokenization in a text document is regarded as a primary natural language processing task for feature generation, and it plays a vital role in sentiment analysis, information retrieval, part of speech tagging, and named entity recognition. Urdu is spoken by around 170.2 million people worldwide as their first or second language. It is a morphologically and orthographically rich language. Word tokenization in Urdu text documents is very challenging because word boundaries are not specified by only space, as in other languages. A compound, a multi-word expression, is a more complex word consisting of multiple strings or independent base words. Tokens are the minimal unit of any language with a suitable semantic structure. Traditionally, bigram or trigram approaches represent compound words in the tokenization process. This research proposes a morphological rules-based approach to identify compound words in Urdu text for tokenization. A thorough evaluation is performed on a dataset of reasonable size to compare the performance of the proposed technique with traditional approaches. Results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the compound words for the tokenization of Urdu text documents. Notably, using morphological rule-based techniques for compound words reduces the number of extracted features.
Optimal Relay Selection in Wireless Cooperative Networks using metaheuristics Algorithm
Authors: Pahuja Sonika , Jindal Poonam
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the signal transmit efficiency of the secured Wireless cooperative networks (WCN) is improved using Grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm for best relay selection in multi-relay node system. The WCN is implemented using four transmission protocols: Amplify-and-forward (AF), AF with Artificial noise (AF-AN), Direct transmission (DT) and DT with AN. The proposed algorithm estimates the fitness function and the optimal relay node is selected by calculating the best solution. The results are compared with other metaheuristics algorithms, Particle-swarm optimization (PSO) and the Traditional relay selection (TRS) method based on Signal to noise ratio (SNR). Through the extensive simulations, it is proved that the lower Symbol-error rate (SER) and better secrecy rate (SR) are achieved as compared to conventional PSO, TRS, DT and DT-AN. Using the proposed algorithm, the SR of the system improves by 16.88% and 76.86% as compared to the PSO and TRS method respectively.
Adaptive Feedback Graph-Enhanced Network ForSocial Recommendation
Authors: Lv Zhixin , Zhao Xiangguo , Sun Yongjiao , Nie Haojie , Bi Xin , Han Anrui
Published: December 2024

Social recommendation systems leverage social network data and graph models to enhance recommendation performance. Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of integrating social recommender systems with graph neural networks (GNNs). However, several critical challenges still remain: (i) most existing models tend to overlook previous mistakes, leading to repeated errors in future predictions, potentially causing local optima and preventing optimal performance; and (ii) basic sampling methods fail to capture the structural characteristics of graph data effectively, often leading to samples that are inadequate for model training needs. To address these challenges, we propose an Adaptive Feedback Graph-Enhanced Network (AFGN) for social recommendation. While our approach is inspired by reinforcement learning, it differs by emphasizing the penalization of errors instead of relying on a reward function to reinforce correct behavior. This error-driven correction mechanism allows the model to learn from past mistakes and improve its predictive accuracy. Additionally, we introduce a novel and efficient, structure-aware graph-enhanced negative sampling method, which enhances the model's ability to capture the graph structure between users and items. Experiments on real-world datasets show that our method achieves significant improvements in recommendation accuracy over strong baselines.
Preserving the Nano-Scale Morphology of Cellulose Nanofiber via Drying Under High Shear Conditions
Authors: Neivandt David , Eme Charles , Cline Amos
Published: December 2024

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) hold great promise as renewable, sustainable and highly functional materials in a host of applications. However, to date CNMs have not seen large-scale commercial use, primarily due to the difficulty in removing the water in which they are generated without inducing extensive hydrogen bond-driven aggregation and concomitant loss of nano-scale elements. Spray drying of CNM suspensions has been shown to produce micron scale monoliths. Freeze drying and supercritical drying with carbon dioxide have proven more effective at maintaining the nanostructure of CNMs, but are not readily scalable to high throughput, energy efficient production. Here we present a new drying technique that preserves the nano-morphology of CNMs via use of a high shear drying environment. Indeed 3wt% cellulose nanofiber hydrogel suspensions were dried via the use of two vortices of heated compressed air to a nano-fibrous powder with yields of greater than 60% wt%. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to dry CNMs while largely preserving the nano-scale morphology of the material simply by drying in a turbulent heated air stream. The technique lends itself to ready scale-up and we anticipate will enable use of these renewable and sustainable materials in high volume commercial applications.
Self-admitted Technical Debt Prediction Using Bellwether
Authors: Koomson Robert , Anim-Annor Adelaide , Mensah Solomon , Ofori Eric , Boafo Fredrick
Published: December 2024

Context: Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) refers to the temporary workaround codes that engineers purposely leave behind before releasing software. It was developed by Potdar and Shihab to highlight intentional technical debts made by developers, to meet certain deadlines during the developmental process. However, these intentional technical debts become more expensive and difficult to handle over time.
Objective: To develop a prediction model to detect, categorize, and predict SATD-prone tasks in the studied software projects.
Method: The prediction model employs the use of a natural language processing model to manually extract identified textual indicators from five open-source projects. The data is then processed and cleaned using regular expressions and spaCy algorithms. Finally, a Bellwether algorithm is employed to learn from this data and predict the occurrence of self-admitted technical debt on other software.
Result: The study identified new textual indicators and their frequency of occurrences. It also categorized these textual indicators under the five types of Self-admitted technical debts and recorded design debt as the highest occurrence among the types. Finally, the findings recorded a high F1 Score of 0.89 using bellwether compared to the traditional algorithms.
Conclusion: The employment of Bellwether predictive algorithm appears to be more efficient in predicting SATDs in source code comments as compared to previously used predictive tools
Metabolic alterations in healthy human adults associated with chronotypes-a pilot clinical trial
Authors: Shirolkar Amey , Pawar Gitanjali , Chougule Shridhar , Ranade Anagha , Prasad GP , Pawar Sharad , Duraphe Prashant S.
Published: December 2024

Chronobiology pertains to the examination of biological rhythms. The phenotypic manifestation of the internal clock is referred to as chronotype. Currently, there exists a limited number of studies linking biomolecules and pathways to specific chronotypes. Metabolites, possess great versatility, and are crucial in defining the phenotype of an organism. Therefore, it would be of clinical significance to establish an association between the metabolite signature and chronotype. In our investigation, we conducted an analysis of the chronotypes of eight healthy volunteers using a validated ICER chronotype questionnaire, which is an adapted version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). By employing rapid resolution liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS) on serum samples from these volunteers, a comprehensive and unbiased profiling of metabolites was conducted to evaluate the signature metabolites and molecular pathways. Interestingly, the metabolic pathways of Purine, Glycerophospholipid, and Thiamine were noticed to be particularly prominent. Remarkable marker metabolites associated with morning and intermediate chronotypes included Thiamine triphosphate, Deoxyuridine, Cyclic GMP, Epinephrine, Glycocholic Acid, Adenosine triphosphate, Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate, lysophospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidic acid. When analyzed in the intermediate and morning group, Adenosine triphosphate and glycoholic acid were found to be downregulated, while Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate was upregulated. Our omics analysis clearly demonstrated a distinct differentiation between chronotypes based on their metabolism and associated pathways. Consequently, this offers a potential tool for the identification and characterization of marker compounds to assign chronotypes, thereby facilitating the incorporation of chronotherapy in disease diagnosis.
Exogenous N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B) Leads to Melanoma Apoptosis by Constitutive Photomorphogenesis 1 (COP1)
Authors: Tobacman Joanne K , O-Sullivan Insug , Bhattacharyya Sumit , Whiteley Herbert E. , Yang Jiyuan , Zhang Fuming
Published: December 2024

Treatment by exogenous, bioactive, recombinant human N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B; ARSB) markedly reduced the number and volume of pulmonary melanomas in C57BL/6J mice inoculated intravenously with B16F10 melanoma cells. ARSB treatment induced apoptosis of the melanomas and of human A375 melanoma cells by increase in expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase constitutive photomorphogenic protein 1 (COP1), an inhibitor of ultraviolet B-stimulated signaling 5–12. The corresponding inhibitory effects of COP1 on UVB-stimulated plant growth and on melanoma, a malignancy stimulated by UVB exposure, provide new insight into melanoma pathogenesis. Here, we show that in melanoma tissues and human melanoma cells, COP1 suppressed nuclear ETS-1 and the ETS-1-mediated expression of BCL2, leading to increased cytoplasmic cytochrome c, caspase-3/7 activation, and apoptosis. Exogenous ARSB, acting through insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), reduced expression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase (CHST)15. Inhibition of CHST15, which adds a 6-sulfate group to C4S and is increased in several malignancies 32–38, blocked activation of the transmembrane receptor ROR (Receptor tyrosine-kinase like Orphan Receptor)1 and of phospho(Ser473)-AKT1, leading to increased nuclear FOXO3 and COP1 expression. This negative regulation of phospho(Ser473)-AKT1 reflects the profound impact of rhARSB and chondroitin sulfation on regulation of critical cell signaling which enables the COP1-mediated apoptotic pathway and inhibition of melanoma growth.
Multilateral Trade Agreements' Effect on Regional Trade
Authors: miledi yesmine
Published: December 2024

The Treaty's goals are to create an African single market through the unification of numerous regional economic groups, and it became legally binding in 1994. The East African Community (EAC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development are the eight RECs that the African Union recognises.
Factors Affecting Smoking Behaviour among University Students in Yemen and Indonesia: Literature Review
Authors: Abd.Alromima Dhaifalla , Sutantri Sutantri
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Smoking presents a significant public health challenge worldwide, profoundly affecting individual health and societal well-being. This study aims to explore the various factors influencing smoking behavior among university students in Yemen and Indonesia, where recent literature highlights a notable prevalence of smoking. This review investigates the complex interplay of sociocultural, economic, and environmental factors contributing to smoking behaviors in these settings.
Methods: A literature review approach was employed, guided by strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 979 study was gathered from multiple databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Emerald, covering studies published between 2019 and 2023. The search involved keywords such as “Yemen,” “Indonesia,” “smoking behavior,” and “university students.” Thirty articles were initially identified, with eight meeting the criteria for critical evaluation.
Results: Key factors influencing smoking behavior among university students in both countries included social acceptability, peer influence, cultural norms, limited tobacco control policies, and the availability of tobacco products. The findings indicate that, in both Yemen and Indonesia, internal motivators such as social acceptance, stress relief, and pleasure-seeking play crucial roles in smoking initiation. Yemeni studies additionally emphasize societal surroundings and familial influences, rooted in cultural norms and family structures unique to the region. Indonesian studies, however, underscore the impact of external influences, including pervasive tobacco marketing and limited regulatory enforcement.
Conclusions: This review identifies both commonalities and distinct influences on smoking behavior between university students in Yemen and Indonesia. The factors vary by societal and regulatory environment, underlining the need for tailored interventions. Addressing these determinants through culturally and regionally specific approaches could be instrumental in mitigating smoking prevalence among university students in both countries.
Paradigms of Sustaining Quality Traits in Bread Wheat
Authors: Mohan Devinder , Krishnappa Gopalareddy , Pandey Vanita , Narwal Sneh , Singh Anju Mahendru , Gupta RK , Tiwari Ratan
Published: December 2024

Multi-environment data of four popular timely and four late-sown bread wheat varieties was examined for five crop seasons at five locations i.e., 25 environments to derive sustainability index (SI) in twelve quality traits and grain yield. SI was very high in bread and chapati quality, test weight, and flour recovery; moderate in protein, grain hardness, biscuit quality, gluten strength, and gluten quality; and poor in gluten, zinc, and iron contents. The adverse effect of late plating was realized in the sustainability of sedimentation value, gluten index, and iron. Variation sources impactful in the vulnerable quality were trait-specific. Crop year was the primary variation source in grain hardness, protein, sedimentation value, gluten index, and biscuit quality whereas location effect was the key in protein, gluten, iron, and zinc contents. Even in the commercial varieties, genotypes regulated the variations recorded in the strength and quality of the gluten. Genotypic differences in sustaining quality were observed for biscuit quality in timely-sown wheat, and gluten index and iron in the late-sown wheat. The analogy has been drawn between the quality and productivity of wheat for sustainability and the effect of the variation sources. Prospects of improvisation have been explored by selection of a better genotype or location. It has been envisaged that climatic variations can be challenging in sustaining the quality of gluten; grain hardness and iron content.
Effectiveness of Road Safety Education in Reducing Teenage Traffic Accidents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Walugembe Francis , Chaiwong Sanhawat , Lee Cua Ngoc , Nguyen Hien Thi
Published: December 2024

Background This systematic review examined the impact of road safety education (RSE) on lowering teenage traffic accidents and injuries in Southeast Asia based on existing literature. We evaluated the effectiveness of road safety education programs, contextual and cultural adaptations, the integration of practical training, implementation challenges, and the long-term impacts on changing teenage behaviour.Material and Methods The study followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This involved counting the number of studies showing a positive, negative, or no effect. A search of the articles in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted. The effectiveness of RSE was assessed by vote counting, tallying the number of studies showing positive, neutral, or negative impacts on teenage driving behaviour aged 13–19 years. A total of seventeen studies were selected for inclusion using predefined criteria.Results Upon conducting a systematic review, 17 key studies were identified for inclusion, reflecting diverse methodologies and focus areas. Across the research, it is evident that teenagers benefit significantly from receiving both theoretical knowledge and practical training. This comprehensive approach enhances their confidence and skills in adhering to traffic safety laws. Moreover, the involvement of parents and communities emerges as a vital factor for the success of educational initiatives.Conclusion The study emphasizes the paramount importance of prioritizing long-term behavioural change and sustainability in road safety initiatives, particularly focusing on teenagers. It advocates for a comprehensive approach involving community and parental engagement alongside educational programs. The findings emphasize the necessity for policymakers in Southeast Asia to allocate funding towards culturally sensitive and standardized RSE programs, integrating practical training and long-term reinforcement strategies.
Quality of antenatal care among pregnant women in the western Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia: using the WHO quality of care framework
Authors: Demeke Habtamu Solomon , Fisseha Girmatsion , Gebremariam Kidanu
Published: December 2024

Achieving equitable health and meeting the sustainable development goals commitment of “leaving no woman behind” requires high-quality antenatal care that ensures a positive pregnancy experience. However, limited studies have assessed the quality of antenatal care using the WHO’s quality of care framework, encompassing both experience of care and structural dimensions. This cross-sectional study, conducted from September 1 to October 2, 2020, in the Western Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia, examined the quality of antenatal care among 340 participants selected through multistage stratified sampling. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression in SPSS version 27, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results showed that 51.5% [95% CI: 46.6–56.8%] of women received quality antenatal care. The domains of effective communication had relatively low quality followed by supportive care then respect, and dignity. The quality of antenatal care was found to be 65.9% and 37.1% in private and public health facilities respectively. Public facilities lacked essential diagnostic equipment, particularly ultrasound. Factors associated with poor antenatal care quality are rural residency, low income, unplanned pregnancies, and public health facilities. Addressing inequities in experience of care coupled with structural attributes is crucial for improving the quality of antenatal care.
Ein unmoralischer Ort?
Authors: Kleinhans Bernd
Published: December 2024

Die Etablierung des Kinos Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts führte beim konservativen Bildungsbürgertum zu Befürchtungen, das neue Medium könne zur Erosion sozialer Normen führen. Man schrieb dem Kino – den Filmen wie dem Raum der Vorführungen – die Förderung der Kriminalität, die Zerstörung der Sexualmoral und der sozialen Strukturen vor. Nach anfänglich pauschaler Ablehnung wurde dasKino einer strikten Disziplinierung unterworfen, die es in die Gesellschaft integrierte, ihm aber weitgehend sein kritisches Potenzial nahm. Die Geschichte des Kinos steht prototypisch für die gesellschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit neuen Medien.