bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of striated muscle relaxants used in anaesthesiology
Authors: Radkowski Paweł , Mazuchowski Michał , Opolska Justyna , Sobolewski Kamil , Oniszczuk Hubert
Published: November 2024

Leki zwiotczające mięśnie poprzecznie prążkowane bez wątpienia zrewolucjonizowały anestezjologię i inne dziedziny medycyny, umożliwiając bezpieczne i efektywne przeprowadzanie znieczulenia ogólnego. Przed wprowadzeniem tej grupy leków, techniki anestezji opierały się na metodach inhalacyjnych, które wiązały się z większym ryzykiem powikłań, w tym częstszymi zgonami pacjentów. Pierwsze zastosowanie kurary do zwiotczenia mięśni w chirurgii miało miejsce w 1912 roku dzięki niemieckiemu chirurgowi Arthurowi Läwenowi. Kurara, będąca mieszanką alkaloidów roślinnych, znana była ze swoich właściwości miorelaksacyjnych, wykorzystywanych poza Europą przez wieki, głównie w polowaniach i walce. W 1939 roku kurara i jej pochodne weszły do powszechnego użytku anestezjologicznego. Mimo licznych działań niepożądanych, takich jak przedłużony blok mięśniowy czy depresja oddechowa, kurara stanowiła fundament dla rozwoju nowoczesnych środków blokujących przewodnictwo nerwowo-mięśniowe. Przełomem były badania Burnsa i Patona z 1951 roku, które wyjaśniły mechanizmy działania bloków depolaryzacyjnych i niedepolaryzacyjnych w zależności od budowy chemicznej substancji. Suksametonium, obecnie jedyny stosowany depolaryzujący lek zwiotczający, odkryto w 1906 roku, po raz pierwszy użyto w 1951 roku, a dziewięć lat później zaczęto wykorzystywać na szeroką skalę. W latach 50. i 60. XX wieku intensywnie badano substancje takie jak mauletyna, co doprowadziło do stworzenia współczesnych leków zwiotczających, m.in. wekuronium i pankuronium. W tym czasie odkryto także inne środki zwiotczające, które jednak, ze względu na działania niepożądane, zostały wycofane z praktyki lub w ogóle nie trafiły do użytku klinicznego. Artykuł przedstawia historię rozwoju leków blokujących przewodnictwo nerwowo-mięśniowe, w sposób chronologiczny omawiając ewolucję tych substancji – od pierwszych zastosowań kurary i jej pochodnych, aż po nowoczesne środki zwiotczające, które obecnie znajdują się w fazie badań. To całościowe spojrzenie na postęp w tej dziedzinie anestezjologii ukazuje nie tylko ewolucję leków, ale i postęp w rozumieniu mechanizmów blokady mięśniowej, co istotnie wpłynęło na bezpieczeństwo i efektywność współczesnych procedur medycznych.
Otorhinolaryngologic Manifestations of Long COVID-19 Infection Among Patients at the Quezon City General Hospital
Authors: Sison Ma. Nina Kristine , Cruz Emmanuel Tadeus
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine the otorhinolaryngologic manifestations of long COVID-19 infection among patients consulting at the Quezon City General Hospital.
Methods:
Design: Cross-Sectional Study
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Participants:Patients aged 18 years old and above, who previously tested positive for the SARS-COV-2 Test, and consulted with otolaryngologic problems at the Outpatient department, Emergency Room, or were  dmitted, or referred from other services to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, from October 2022 to January 2023 were considered for inclusion.
Results: Out of 150 participants, 127 (84.67%) reported having otorhinolaryngologic symptoms. Five percent (5%) had ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 (4 to 12 weeks) and 11% had post COVID-19 syndrome (>12 weeks). Patients with long COVID-19 had rhinorrhea (54.51%), hyposmia (51.47%), dysgeusia (48.9%), anosmia (48.53%), sore throat (47.8%), ageusia (29.78%), tinnitus (23.53%), ear pain (23.53%), phantosmia (21.33%), and dizziness (11.76%). Out of 25 patients with long COVID, only 2 had pneumonia and 1 was  hospitalized and eventually recovered.
Conclusion: This study showed a prevalence rate of 16% of long COVID-19 with rhinorrhea as the most prominent symptom. Long-term monitoring is essential and patients who had COVID should be advised to report any lingering illness which may subsequently develop. Physicians should be vigilant and aware of the clinical manifestations of long COVID in order to institute proper intervention.
Non-Invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features – An Illustrative Case
Authors: Mirhan Clarisse Veronica , Rivera Jonathan , Carnate Jose
Published: November 2024

A 54-year-old woman underwent total thyroidectomy for a one-year history of anterior neck mass. The specimen was a 29.88–gram thyroid gland that on sectioning showed a single 2.0 x 1.5 x 1.5 cm encapsulated nodule with tan-brown solid cut surfaces noted on the right thyroid lobe. No gross lesions were noted on sectioning of the isthmus and left thyroid lobe.
     Microscopic examination showed a thinly encapsulated nodule composed of tightly-packed follicles. (Figure 1) Examination of the entire capsule did not show capsular or vascular invasion. The follicles were lined by follicular cells that had crowded and enlarged nuclei with pale chromatin and some nuclear membrane irregularities such as grooving. (Figure 2) There were no papillae, psammoma bodies, necrosis, mitotic figures and solid or trabecular architecture seen. Based on these features, the diagnosis rendered was non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP).
     NIFTP is a term adopted in 2016 to replace the nomenclature of a thyroid tumor previously termed “non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC)”.1 In the most recent edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors, NITFP is considered a low-risk follicular cell-derived neoplasm whose definition also reflects the diagnostic criteria of this tumor.2
Solvência orçamentária do município de Belém do Brejo do Cruz/PB: uma análise comparativa com municípios similares
Authors: Epifânia Guimarães Maria Thâmila , Dantas do Santos Yuri
Published: November 2024

Public policies formulated by managers are implemented through balance and firmness in budget execution. In times of financial crisis, these means become even more relevant. The objective of this study is to analyze the budgetary solvency of the municipality of Belém do Brejo do Cruz/PB over time and compare it with that of similar municipalities. 135 municipalities in Paraíba (reference group) were selected, according to size, to compose a sample of similar municipalities, and accounting data from the Brazilian Public Sector Accounting and Fiscal Information System (Siconfi) was collected from 2018 to 2022), in order to carry out the analysis using the Lima and Diniz (2016) model. Vertical and horizontal analyses were carried out to verify the representativeness and evolution of revenue and expenditure in the municipality of Belém do Brejo do Cruz. The reference group was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The municipality's budget solvency indicators were calculated and compared with the reference group using the Location Quotient. The results indicate that the municipality is highly dependent on transfers from higher governments, which influences the increase in current revenue. The main expenses are personnel, social security contributions and other current expenses. The municipality presented insufficient revenue and expenditure savings in all years analyzed, and ran a deficit in two years of the series studied. It is suggested that studies be expanded to include analyses of cash solvency, debt, and social and economic indicators.
A protocolar transparência das determinações dos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros: uma oportunidade de aprimoramento da accountability
Authors: De Guimaraes Santiago Leonardo , Da Silva Goes André , Petean Gustavo Henrique , Bevilacqua Solon
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes how the determinations imposed by the Brazilian Courts of Accounts (TCs) on state administration entities are disseminated, from the perspective of providing structured data capable of instrumentalizing accountability models. Studies have shown that the quality of transparency given to the results of inspections by official auditing bodies can help to effectively correct the dysfunctions found. To this end, a descriptive, qualitative study was carried out by analyzing the websites and applying questionnaires to the 33 Brazilian TCs, with the aim of verifying the mechanisms for organizing data on determinations and how they are made available to society. As a result, it was identified that more than 93% of the Brazilian Courts of Accounts provide information about their orders in a formalistic and fragmented way, making it complex for potential interest groups to consult and exercise vertical accountability; 41.7% of the courts that answered the questionnaire stated that they do not organize the data inherent in their orders for internal use, which creates a challenge for their own auditors to have a panoramic view of the "agenda of obligations" imposed on the bodies under their jurisdiction; and even among the 14 TCs that claim to organize databases on their orders, only one freely discloses the information, to the general public. Thus, this work is in line with research suggesting a deficit in the permeability of Brazilian CTs, but it also offers practical prospects for reducing this gap through technology.
Ciclos fiscais e econômicos do estado do Ceará
Authors: Gomes Viana Mateus , Faustino Matos Paulo Rogério
Published: November 2024

We propose studying the comovements of public investment cycles, primary result cycles and short-run growth cycles in the state of Ceará, between 2015 and 2023. Methodologically, tools based on conditional or partial wavelet are used, which makes it possible to highlight varying results over time and with different frequencies. The instruments used for control that allow isolating the desired effects are credit for individuals and legal entities, exports and imports, variation in national economic activity, Selic interest rate, official inflation and state government debt. The main evidence suggests that the investments and fiscal efforts of the Ceará state government have managed to anticipate economic growth cycles in the short and medium term in the same direction. The elasticities associated with public investment are orders of magnitude greater.
Uso das informações dos demonstrativos contábeis no planejamento da auditoria baseada em risco: um estudo na percepção dos auditores internos das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior
Authors: Santana dos Santos Josaias , De Jesus Barros Costa Abimael , Rocha Mendes Alinie
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes the use of information from financial statements in planning audit work from the perspective of internal auditors of Federal Higher Education Institutions (Ifes). Based on Auditing Theory and in light of the concepts of Risk-Based Auditing (RBA), the study adopts a descriptive research with a quantitative approach, using questionnaires applied to 74 members of the internal audits of IFES. The results, obtained through Factor Analysis, indicated that accounting, budgetary and financial information have a strong correlation with factor 1, identified as Net Working Capital, explaining more than 77% of the variances. For factor 2, all variables presented a very low correlation. Considering the first four factors (Net Working Capital, Current, Dry and Immediate Liquidity), more than 90% of the explanatory power of the variances was obtained. With a KMO of 0.940, factor analysis proved to be appropriate. This study contributes significantly to the literature by filling a gap in the research on how internal auditors of Ifes perceive and use financial statement information in planning the RBA, highlighting the importance of this information for the effectiveness of audit processes. The practical relevance of the results lies in improving governance and financial management in Ifes, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit. The results indicate that managers and auditors can improve their practices by better aligning accounting information with institutional objectives. This study stands out for emphasizing the central role of accounting information in RBA and offering recommendations to strengthen internal auditing in Ifes.
Análise da eficiência dos recursos da educação fundamental: um estudo comparativo na macrorregião Sobral/Ibiapaba e Fortaleza no estado do Ceará
Authors: Silva Francisco Eduardo do Nascimento da , Rodrigues Linhares Eduardo , Veras Machado Marcus Vinícius
Published: November 2024

De acordo com a Constituição Federal do Brasil, o ingresso à educação é um direito universal. Nesse sentido, é relevante analisar como os municípios gerenciam os recursos destinados ao ensino fundamental a fim de garantir a efetivação desse direito. A pesquisa busca analisar a eficiência da educação fundamental por meio de um estudo comparativo dos municípios Massapê, Cariré, Frecheirinha, Graça, Groaíras, Mucambo, Pires Ferreira, São Benedito e Sobral que estão inseridos na macrorregião Sobral/Ibiapaba do estado do Ceará e o município de Fortaleza. Essa pesquisa é classificada como descritiva, bibliográfica e documental quanto aos procedimentos, já quanto à abordagem é categorizada como quantitativa. Para a verificação da eficiência nas despesas com educação foi empregada a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), considerando como insumo despesas per capita com educação fundamental, número de docentes e matrículas, já o Ideb dos municípios será utilizado como produto dessa análise. É válido observar que os Idebs serão utilizados como produtos referentes aos anos de 2019 e 2021. Constatou-se neste estudo que os municípios Fortaleza, Frecheirinha, Groaíras e Pires Ferreira apresentaram valor de eficiência em todos os anos igual a um, ou seja, foram classificados como eficientes a partir dos insumos e outputs gerados. Vale observar que Sobral também foi classificado como eficiente em 2019. Conclui-se que não é possível afirmar que apenas municípios com gastos elevados em educação podem obter resultados relevantes no Ideb e serem classificados como eficientes.
The Carbon Conundrum: A Systematic Analysis of Environmental Impacts in Large-Scale Cloud Computing Infrastructure
Authors: Vaibhav Haribhau Khedkar
Published: November 2024

This article examines the complex relationship between cloud computing infrastructure and environmental sustainability, analyzing challenges and opportunities in the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Through a comprehensive article review of current literature, industry reports, and case studies, we investigate four primary environmental concerns: energy consumption, carbon emissions, water usage, and electronic waste generation in cloud computing operations. The findings reveal that while data centers currently account for approximately 1% of global electricity consumption with a projected annual growth rate of 9%, emerging technologies and practices demonstrate promising potential for mitigation. The article identifies significant opportunities for environmental impact reduction through resource optimization, remote work enablement, and smart city integration, with virtualization technologies showing potential energy savings of 30-40% in typical deployments. The article proposes a framework for sustainable cloud computing that encompasses renewable energy adoption, circular economy principles, and innovative cooling solutions. The article concludes that while cloud computing poses substantial environmental challenges, strategic implementation of sustainable practices, technological innovation, and policy support can transform these challenges into opportunities for environmental stewardship in the digital age. These findings have important implications for cloud service providers, policymakers, and organizations pursuing digital transformation while minimizing ecological impact.
Ultrasonic Mediated Synthesis of Dihydropyrano [2, 3-C] Pyrazole Derivatives Catalyzed By Cyanuric Acid/1-Methyl Imidazole
Authors: Santosh Fuse  , Bharat Sonwane  , Balaji Madje
Published: November 2024

A Novel approach for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles via four-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation is described. The reaction has been catalyzed by cyanuric acid and 1-methyl inidazole in aqueous medium. This protocol afforded several advantages such as easily available catalyst, simple operational procedure, excellent yield and ultrasound irradiation.
Study of E-Waste and Its Effect on Health and Environment
Authors: Daya Shankar Singh  , Dr. C. B. Mahto
Published: November 2024

In this present paper, electronic waste encompassing a range of obsolete electronic devices such as computers, telecommunication devices, home appliances, recording devices, and automobile components is ever-growing resulting in the deterioration of environmental quality. Countries like India suffer not only due to the generation of their electronic wastes but also from the dumping of such wastes from developed countries. Consumers find it convenient to buy a new computer rather than to upgrade the old one due to the changing configuration and technology. The components of electronic wastes result in toxicity and carcinogenicity. Some of them include lead, mercury, cadmium, tin, copper, silicon, beryllium, aluminum, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls.
Yöneticilerin Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Kararlarında Etkili Olan Motivasyonlar
Authors: Şardagı Emine , Ozturk Mesude Canan
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kurumsal teori ve paydaş teorisi temel alınarak kurumlarda sürdürülebilirlik kararlarının geliştirilmesinde etkili olan motivasyonları belirlemektir. Çalışmada bu amaca ulaşabilmek için öncelikle yapısal bir model oluşturulmuştur. Bu modelde kurumların çevrelerinden, organizasyon yapısından ve yönetim yapısından olmak üzere üç temel faktörün sürdürülebilirlik kararları üzerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada belirlenen faktörlerin sürdürülebilirliğin çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal boyutuyla ilişkisini değerlendirmek için YEM analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Türkiye’deki 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otellerdeki üst düzey 194 yöneticiden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, zorlayıcı ve normatif baskıların sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutu üzerinde etkisi bulunurken; taklitçi baskılarda bu etkinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kaynak varlığı ve sürdürülebilirlik odaklı kültürün sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutu üzerinde anlamlı etkisi bulunmasına rağmen; algılanan faydanın sadece ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde etkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Son olarak, sürdürülebilirliğe yönelik tutum ile sorumlu liderliğin çevresel ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde anlamlı etkisi bulunurken; ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir
The Mediating Role of Empathy in the Relationship between Forgiveness Level and Psychological Symptoms among Psychological Counselor Candidates
Authors: Gümüşçağlayan Gözde , Savi Firdevs
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the intermediary role of empathy in the correlation between the level of forgiveness and psychological symptoms exhibited by candidates for psychological counseling. The study's sample population comprises of students from the Guidance and Psychological Counseling Department of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Dokuz Eylul University, and Necmettin Erbakan University who were enrolled in the first, second, and third years of the undergraduate program during the academic year of 2017-2018. The Personal Information Form, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Short Symptom Inventory, and Basic Empathy Scale were employed as data collection instruments. The analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 22.0, and confirmatory factor analysis and item analysis (item-total correlation and Cronbach Alpha) were applied to assess the construct validity of the scales. The results indicate that the impact of psychological symptoms on levels of forgiveness is negative and meaningful, yet empathy levels have no significant impact on forgiveness, and psychological symptom levels have no significant impact on empathy levels. Furthermore, empathy levels do not play a mediating role in the relationship between forgiveness levels and psychological symptom levels. The findings are discussed in light of existing literature.
The feasibility of using protein components in the composition of “Kandy” in preparation of bees for wintering
Authors: Pastushok R. S. , Kucher S. O. , Mylostyvyi R. V. , Sanzhara R. A. , Gutyj B. V.
Published: November 2024

Honey is a valuable foodstuff and an effective remedy, and its use is widespread in the food, pharmaceutical and perfume industries. The demand for natural honey and other bee products in developed countries exceeds their supply. Increase in productivity in beekeeping depends on the breed, quality of worker bees and the intensity of egg laying by the queen bee. In a bee family, there is a very close relationship between the functionality of its members. Growing strong bee families and producing quality mothers depends on the care and nutrition provided by the cooperative efforts of the worker bees. An efficient and healthy bee family guarantees high productivity during both the active and passive phases of life, including successful winter survival. Throughout the year, each bee family requires high quality and sufficient amounts of protein and carbohydrate food. Optimal bee nutrition determines the profitability of the apiary and honey yield. Care must be taken when selecting feed to avoid stimulating bees to leave the hive in search of food. It is important to remember that the use of syrup is not recommended as it can have a negative effect and lead to the death of the bees. Usually winter feeding is carried out with the help of “Kandy”. The effectiveness of using this particular type of self-produced feeding in different formulations has been investigated in our work. At stimulating feeding with pollen in its composition, a high level of average daily egg production was observed in bee mothers in the groups. Thus, egg production of bee mothers when fed “Kandy” + 2.5 % pollen reached its peak on October 3, amounting to 1799.2 eggs/day, while when fed regular “Kandy” on September 21 – 1575.0 eggs/day. Compared to the initial level, it increased 1.83 and 1.64 times, respectively. It was found that the maximum level of average daily egg production of female bees was observed in bee families (maternal, paternal and nursing), where “Kandi” paste with 2.5 % pollen was used for stimulating feeding. It was these bee families that demonstrated better preparation for wintering and can be effectively used in the next season for early hatching of quality bee mothers. The positive effect of using forage with a protein component in its composition was recorded despite the presence of a sufficient supply of perga in bee families.
Qualitative composition of milk from Ukrainian Mountain Carpathian sheep
Authors: Chugaev S. V. , Fedorovych V. V. , Fedorovych Ye. I.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the world, and Ukraine in particular, has seen a significant increase in consumer demand for sheep milk, as it has substantial advantages over cow's milk in terms of chemical composition and physical properties. Significant progress has been made recently in the study of the chemical composition of animal milk. However, most scientific papers are devoted to the study of bovine milk, and there is little data on sheep milk. In light of the above, the aim of our research was to study the chemical composition of milk from ewes of the Ukrainian Mountain Carpathian breed from the lowland (FG “Baikovo”, Khust district, Zakarpattia region) and mountainous (from the “Bansky” farm, Rakhiv district, Zakarpattia region) zones of the Carpathians. It was found that there was no significant difference in milk production between the ewes of both groups: their milk yield per lactation in the foothill zone was 75.5 kg, and in the mountainous zone, 79.5 kg. Additionally, the average duration of lactation, depending on the breeding zone, ranged from 193 to 197 days. The analysis of the chemical composition of the milk shows a significant intergroup differentiation in the studied traits. Thus, despite almost identical average daily milk yields, animals of the second group surpassed those of the first group by 3.61 (P < 0.001) in dry matter content, by 1.19 (P < 0.001) in protein content, by 1.86 (P < 0.001) in fat content, by 0.71 (P < 0.001) in lactose content, by 1.75 % (P < 0.05) in skimmed milk residue content, and by 208 kcal in caloric content. The acidity of the milk, depending on the breeding zone, ranged from 22.8 to 25.1 °T. Some multidirectional relationships were established between the average daily milk yield and the characteristics of the chemical composition of sheep milk, but none of them were significant. However, the most notable correlations were between average daily milk yield and dry matter content (0.27) and between average daily milk yield and skimmed milk solids (0.22). No consistent patterns were observed in relation to the animal breeding zones. In the intergroup differentiation of ewes of the Ukrainian Mountain Carpathian breed from the foothill and mountain zones based on the studied traits, the influence of the above factor on the phenotypic variability of lactation yield and average daily milk yield was insignificant, amounting to 1,8 % and 4,9 %, respectively. The influence of the breeding zone on the other studied traits of the chemical composition of sheep milk was more significant and statistically reliable, ranging, depending on the trait, from 17.7 % (P < 0.01) to 71.3 % (P < 0.001).
Quality of slaughter products of young pigs for fattening using flour from apple pomace in composition of compound feed
Authors: Sobolieva S. V. , Gutyj B. V. , Zasukha Y. V. , Sobolev O. I. , Kuzmenko P. I. , Mazhilovskaya K. R.
Published: November 2024

Today for zootechnical science are remain relevant issues of the rational use of non-traditional feeds in the diets of farm animals. Among the large number of non-traditional foods, apple pomace occupies a prominent place. Like the raw materials, they contain many valuable components: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, pectin substances, vitamins, acids, mineral elements and others. The inclusion of apple pomace in the diet of animals allows not only to increase their productivity and obtain a significant amount of meat and dairy products, but also to save a significant amount of grain fodder and prevent environmental pollution. The aim of scientific research was to study the quality of slaughter products of fattening young pigs for the use of apple pomace flour as a compound feed. Experimental studies were conducted on young pigs of a large white breed of French breeding. During the fattening period, the young pigs of the experimental groups were fed compound feed with different proportions of flour from apple pomace (5 %, 10 and 15 % by weight). The study of the chemical composition of the pigs' meat of the control and experimental groups did not reveal any significant difference between them. However, in the pigs' meat of the experimental groups, compared to the control group, the content of total moisture decreased by 0.4–0.6 % and the fat content by 0.1–0.5 %. In terms of protein content, the young animals of the experimental groups prevailed by 0.5–1.0 % of their peers from the control group. At the same time, there is a tendency to increase the energy and biological value of the meat of young pigs, which during the fattening period were fed apple pomace flour in the amount of 5 and 10 % by weight instead of barley grain As for the quality of adipose tissue, a slight increase in total moisture content by 0.1–0.8 % and a decrease in fat content by 0.5–1.7 % was observed in the young pigs of the experimental groups, compared to similar indicators in the control group. The results of studies of physical and chemical parameters of adipose tissue indicate some advantages of lard of young pigs of the control group. In particular, the melting temperature of pig fat in experimental groups was higher by 0.9–1.7 %, and the iodine number of fat was lower by 3.3–7.1 %, compared to the control group. Thus, the use of flour from apple pomace in the composition of compound feeds for fattening young pigs up to 15 % (by weight) will allow to save a part of expensive grain feed and thereby increase the efficiency of pork production without reducing the quality of products.
Indicators of productivity of pigs for different contents of the enzyme prepara-tion “Celozym”
Authors: Voitsitskyi O. V. , Novgorodska N. V.
Published: November 2024

Breeding animals in modern industrial conditions with intensive technologies places a high demand on keeping animals. Combining the biological features of the animal organism with the technological process makes it possible to obtain high productivity while reducing the cost of livestock products obtained from them. Feeding is important in animal husbandry, only with optimal feeding, animals will have good health and be highly productive with minimal costs for the products obtained. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the technology of feed preparation and the use of various feed additives. Currently, enzyme preparations are widely used as a feed additive in animal feeding both in Ukraine and abroad. Enzyme preparations are added either to complete feed or to the composition of the diet. We experimented with introducing the enzyme preparation “Celozym” into the pigs' diet. This drug was administered at several stages of growing animals, for this purpose a comparative period was conducted, and all indicators were compared relative to the control group, which remained without the effect of this drug. The experiment was conducted at the agricultural enterprise “Ukraine” of Vinnytsia district, Vinnytsia region. It was established that using the enzyme preparation “Tselozym” as part of compound feed increased the productivity of the young pigs of the experimental groups compared to the control counterparts. Still, the highest indicators were obtained when 0.6 kg/t of the enzyme preparation was added to the compound feed. The introduction of the enzyme drug “Celozym” into the diet of fattening pigs increases the intensity of growth and fattening of young pigs, reduces feed costs per unit of production.
Breeding value of sows: selection criteria of highly productive animals and economic assessment of their use
Authors: Khalak V. , Gutyj B. , Bordun O. , Khmelova O. , Stadnytska O. , Kibenko N. , Kravchenko N. , Shcherbak O. , Ilchenko M.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the work was to investigate the indicators of own productivity of repair pigs and the reproductive qualities of sows of different intrabreed differentiation according to the BLUP index and the selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) to determine the criteria for the selection of highly productive animals according to these indicators and to calculate the economic efficiency of their use in the conditions of controlled populations. The breeding value of the animals of the specified production group was determined by the BLUP index (maternal line) and the selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS).

 

 

It was established that repair pigs of the large white breed of the controlled population belong to the elite class according to their productivity (age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, days; fatback thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm). The leading indicators of multifertility (12.5 ± 0.24 – 13.1 ± 0.16 heads), the number of piglets at the time of weaning (10.5 ± 0.17 – 10.8 ± 0.14 heads), and the weight of the nest at the time weaning at the age of 28 days (82.2 ± 1.38 – 84.2 ± 1.03 kg) is characterized by sows of the first experimental group of intrabreed differentiation according to the BLUP index (maternal line) and according to the selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS). The leading indicator of high fertility (1.35 ± 0.021 – 1.38 ± 0.018 kg) and the minimum value of the index of evenness (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at the time of their birth (IVH0) (4.11 ± 0.202 – 3.52 ± 0.128 score) was found in sows of the III sub-experimental group. The coefficient of variation (Сv, %) of the reproductive qualities of sows of the large white breed of different breeding values, evaluated according to the BLUP index (maternal line) and the selection index of the reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) ranges from 5.08 ± 0.625 to 25.83 ± 2.965 %. The coefficient of pairwise correlation (r) between the characteristics of the own productivity of repair pigs, reproductive qualities of sows, the BLUP index (maternal line), and the selection index of reproductive rates of the sow (SIRQS) ranges from –0.714 (tr = 19.04) to +0.985 (tr = 446.98). The use of sows of high breeding value, evaluated according to the BLUP index (maternal line) and the selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) (I sub-experimental group), provides additional production at the level of +6.69 – +8.08 % and its value are + 240.14 – +319.47 UAH or +6.07 – +8.08 US dollars. The criterion for selecting highly productive animals of controlled populations according to the BLUP index (maternal line) is an indicator of 111.53–165.23 points, and the selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) is 95.03–115.08 points.
Intensity of growth of pigs in the growing facility with the addition of the bio-logical supplement “MikoStop” to the diet
Authors: Ohorodnichuk H. , Zagamula V.
Published: November 2024

Fodder sorbents are used to feed agricultural animals to improve consumption, increase feed use efficiency, and improve product quality. Our experimental studies aimed to study the effect of the complex biological sorbent “MikoStop” on the intensity of growth of crossbred piglets during rearing and establish the optimal dose of the additive. The article presents the research results on the effect of feeding the complex biological sorbent “MikoStop” on the intensity of growth of pigs in growing farms. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out on four similar groups of pigs on the rearing farm, 14 heads in each, obtained from crossing sows of the large white breed with boars of the landrace breed. The control group of pigs consumed the main ration – full-ration combined feed TM “Tsekhavit” during the equalization and main periods. In addition to the main diet, the experimental groups were fed various doses of the complex biological sorbent “MikoStop.” The comparative and main experimental periods were 10 and 45 days, respectively. The researched additive “MikoStop” is produced SE “Enzym,” Ukraine. “MikoStop” is a complex biological sorbent of feed toxins with probiotic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and immunoprotective properties. Ingredients: activated particular yeast cell walls, mannan-oligosaccharides, mineral carrier, and probiotic culture. It was established that feeding pigs with the complex biological sorbent “MikoStop” at a dose of 0.5 kg/1 t of compound feed increases live weight and absolute growth by 1.39 kg or 4.3 %, and by 1.37 kilograms or 5.4 %, respectively % kg, and increases average daily gains by 30.45 g or by 5.7 % compared to control indicators. At the same time, under the influence of the feed additive, the growth energy of piglets increased by 2.57 % compared to animals of the control group. Using the complex biological sorbent “MikoStop” allows you to reduce the cost of feed per 1 kg of growing pigs and increase the payment of feed by growth.
Formation of milk productivity in cows depending on the selection indices of their parents from different breeding countries
Authors: Yatsynka V. Ya. , Fedorovych Ye. I. , Ferents L. V. , Chornyj I. O.
Published: November 2024

Recently, breeding indices have been used to evaluate and select animals, offering several advantages over traditional selection methods based on independent productivity levels, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of animals across a set of breeding traits. In modern breeding programs, alongside milk production traits, factors such as the animal’s conformation, limb strength, udder quality and health (somatic cell count in milk), fertility, productive lifespan, etc., are necessarily taken into account. However, the importance of these traits varies across European countries, which is explained by their economic significance and the breeding goals and objectives set for members of dairy cattle breeding associations at specific stages of breed selection work. Additionally, breeding indices in different countries differ in the relative weight assigned to dairy productivity traits. Because of the above, our research aimed to study the variability of cow milk production traits depending on the selection indices of bulls from different breeding countries. The research was conducted in the Volovikov State Farm LLC herd in the Goshcha district of Rivne region. The variability of cow milk production traits was studied for the first and higher lactations, depending on the selection indices of their sires from various countries: Ukraine, Germany, Canada, the USA, and MACE (Interbull). A total of 4,200 cows were included in the sample. The breeding value of the bulls was determined using the SC “Intesel Orsek” dairy cattle management system and bull sire catalogs. It was found that, depending on the selection indices of bulls from different breeding countries, there was intergroup differentiation in the milk production traits of their daughters. The milk yield of cows for the first lactation ranged from 5792.4 to 6838.5 kg, milk fat content from 3.50 to 3.58 %, and milk fat from 207.2 to 239.6 kg. For higher lactation, these traits were in the range of 7041.6–7522.3 kg, 3.49–3.55 %, and 250.0–265.5 kg, respectively. Among the daughters of Ukrainian bulls, the lowest milk yields and milk fat content for both first and higher lactation were observed in cows with the breeding value of their sires at -2635 to -1900 kg, while the highest yields were found in cows with a breeding value of +304 to +1042 kg. In cows descended from German bulls, these values corresponded to breeding indices of -226 to -69 and +403 to +557, and for Canadian and American bulls, +1469 to +1726 and +446 to +702, respectively. It is worth noting that among the daughters of both Ukrainian and German bulls, milk yield increased with higher breeding values of their sires, whereas in the daughters of Canadian and American bulls, milk yield tended to decrease with increasing breeding values.
Morphological composition of pig carcasses of Danish and Canadian origin and the effect of sex and pre-slaughter weight on their quality
Authors: Voloshynov V. , Gutyj B. , Shostya A. , Usenko S. , Slynko V. , Fesenko O. , Izhboldina O.
Published: November 2024

The article studied the morphological composition of the carcasses of gilts and surgical castrates of Danish and Canadian origin with a pre-slaughter live weight of 110 and 130 kg and the influence of the factors of gender and pre-slaughter weight of pigs on the quality of their carcasses. It was established that the increase in pre-slaughter weight in animals of both genotypes led to increased fatness and decreased bone density. At the same time, the meatiness of the carcasses was preserved at almost not the same level. It was found that with an increase in the pre-slaughter weight of Danish pigs by 20 kg, the weight of the chilled carcass increased by 20.6 %, the weight of meat by 18.2 %, the weight of lard by 28.4 %, and the weight of bones in it by 17.3 %, the yield of fat in the carcass increased by 6.5%, while the proportion of meat in it decreased by 1.9 % and bones by 3.1 %. At the same time, in animals of Canadian origin, with a similar increase in pre-slaughter weight, the weight of the chilled carcass increased by 22.4 %, the weight of meat in it by 20.2 %, the weight of fat by 30.1 %, and the weight of bones in it by 17.7 %. the yield of fat in the carcass increased by 6.3 %, while the share of meat in it decreased by 1.8 % and bones by 3.8 %. It was proven that with such an increase in the weight category in males, the mass of the chilled carcass increased by 21.9 %, the mass of meat increased by 19.6 %, the mass of lard increased by 29.6 %, and the mass of bones in the carcass increased by 18.3 %. The share of lard in it was 6.3 %, while the yield of meat decreased by 1.9 %, and the yield of bones was 3.0 %. At the same time, in pigs, with a similar increase in pre-slaughter weight, the weight of the chilled carcass increased by 22.4 %, the weight of meat in it increased by 24.7 %, the weight of fat by 34.8 %, and the weight of bones by 21.9%, increased by 6.2 % yield of lard, and the yield of meat decreased by 1.7 % and the proportion of bones decreased by 3.9 %. With increased pre-slaughter weight of both females and males of the investigated genotypes of pigs, the meatiness decreased slightly, and the fatness and bone density of the carcasses increased. It was determined that the pre-slaughter live weight of pigs had a probable, solid influence on the slaughter weight, gizzard weight, beam weight, carcass length, “muscle eye” area, and lard thickness. At the same time, its influence on slaughter yield and mass loss during cooling turned out to be statistically improbable. Gender had a significant effect on slaughter yield, carcass length, beam weight, and gizzard weight, while its impact on chilling weight loss, slaughter weight, muscle eye area, and lard thickness was not statistically significant. The interaction of the two factors studied did not significantly affect the parameters of the carcass studied.
Strategies for the restoration of foreign economic activities of the Ukrainian agricultural sector in the conditions of war and post-war recovery
Authors: Hrymak O. , Stoiko V.
Published: November 2024

This article analyses the state of Ukrainian agriculture and its exports in the period before the full-scale invasion and during the war. It is shown that before the war, the agricultural sector made a significant contribution to economic development, employment and exports, relying on its rich natural resources and traditional agricultural practices. In the period before the full-scale invasion, Ukraine was a leading producer and exporter of agricultural products to the European Union, Asia and Africa. Unlike most industrial production, even after the illegal annexation of Crimea and military aggression in eastern Ukraine, domestic agricultural products remained competitive on the international market, and after the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU, its exports increased sharply. The article further identifies the problems faced by domestic agricultural exporters. It details the main steps that have been taken to establish the main export routes, which allowed to keep the Ukrainian economy afloat and prevent a wider global food security crisis. The main commodity items of agricultural exports in 2023 are analysed. The geographical structure of exports in 2022-2023 and the reasons for the reorientation of sales chains are presented. It is determined that to further increase the export potential, it is very important to preserve the existing logistics export routes and solve the problems with the blocking of Ukraine's western borders. It is noted that the formation of a strategy for the post-war recovery and development of agricultural exports should be closely linked to the processes of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector, in which the state should play a major role. It is necessary to improve the existing legislation, create an appropriate export infrastructure, attract international donors for economic recovery and organise an effective system of agricultural sector management. As a result, the main strategic directions of adaptation of the domestic agricultural sector to the current challenges in the international trade arena in the context of military operations and post-war recovery are identified.
Information recommendation system based on application of associative rules in business
Authors: Stepanyuk O. , Senyk Y. , Smetaniak R. , Senyk A. , Lishchynska K. , Ramskyi I.
Published: November 2024

Today, recommender systems play a significant role in many areas related to the processing of large volumes of information, such as online stores, stock exchanges, services providing various services. The construction of recommendations is based on the analysis of information about the user's preferences obtained in the past. Often, such information is presented in the form of a matrix of users-objects. Most often, the work of recommender systems is based on generalization and analysis of preferences of other users, which includes consideration of various aspects of their behavior, and available information about the current user. However, there is a class of tasks for which recommendations are based on current user actions. Recommender systems were one of the first mass applications of data analysis in various fields. The reason is the user-friendly results (recommendations) and metrics for measuring the quality of their work. The work is devoted to recommender systems, which is one of the most widely used approaches in machine learning. The main task is to demonstrate different approaches to building a recommender system, such as associative rules and collaborative filtering. The work also proposes an algorithm for working with users who prefer unique objects. Considered popular information products that use the data of their users to improve their recommendation algorithms, which leads to the improvement of the service and the provision of more optimized and relevant recommendations for the presented product or the display of advertisements. Using the Python programming language, an algorithm for generating synthetic information simulating customer transactions in retail trade was implemented to more correctly demonstrate the work of the recommender system. Based on the capabilities of the Python programming language and its powerful libraries, the development direction for Python was chosen with the possibility of creating a recommender system for demand predictions. The presented system allows you to build recommendations based on associative rules and by means of visual comparison, to select the necessary parameters for building rules that correspond to specific applied tasks. By applying the synthetic information generation algorithm, a database was generated, on the basis of which associative rules were built. Based on the obtained results, the functionality of the algorithms is demonstrated and the possibilities for analysis and implementation of the system in applied tasks are reviewed.