bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active teaching through mathematical problems in primary school
Authors: Dograshvili Tamar
Published: November 2020

Active teaching is a key component in the education system at all stages of education. In practice, introduction of active teaching in mathematics teaching in primary school poses significant challenges for teachers. To solve this problem, we have developed a methodological approach described in this article. In particular, we suggest an active teaching model whose realization is linked to the inclusion of problems with developmental and interdisciplinary content in the teaching process in mathematics classes. The solutions of these problems are associated with particular themes in mathematics classes. We discuss the methodology for constructing the systems of problems with developmental and interdisciplinary content in accordance with particular themes in mathematics classes in primary school, which is based on the scheme that we developed. We have also analyzed the indicators of including such problems in mathematics classes in primary school and the results of the educational experiment demonstrating that the author’s methodological approaches provide a high quality of mathematical education for primary school pupils, make the teaching process interesting and attractive, and ensure their involvement in the process of active teaching and learning through the systems of specially selected problems.
Using media-psychological technologies to form tolerant attitude towards children with disabilities in pedagogical specialists in the process of their professional training in Ukraine
Authors: Subashkevych Iryna , Korniat Vira
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the problem of the formation of a tolerant attitude towards children with disabilities in students of pedagogical specialties during their professional training. It is noted that in the contextof the development of inclusive education in Ukraine, it is important to improve the educational process of the higher education institutions in order to train competent staff ready to work with children with disabilities. The level of tolerance formed in students of pedagogical specialties is analysed. The system of working with students using media-psychological technologies and media resources in the learning process is proposed; the effectiveness of their use in the educational process is experimentally verified.
CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF WEANING FROM MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN CHILDREN WITH RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Authors: Filyk Olha
Published: November 2020

Children frequently are admitted to pediatric intensive care units due to acute respiratory failure and up to 64 % of them need to be mechanically ventilated and later weaned. The aim was to develop strategy of weaning from mechanical ventilation in children with different types of respiratory failure. Materials and methods. The work was based on results of treatment of 237 patients aged from 1 month to 18 years old, who were divided into control and study group. Patients of study group were randomized into group I (83 patients) and received traditional ICU monitoring and treatment and group II (79 patients), where was used proposed by us methods of monitoring and treatment. Results. There was supplemented data on the etiology of respiratory failure in children with taking into account function of diaphragm, changes in hemodynamics, nutritional status, electrolyte balance and central nervous system function. It was established new mechanisms of inadequacy of spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation and found causes of unsuccessful weaning from mechanical ventilation. In addition, it was developed a weaning strategy with goal-directed therapy for disorders treatment according the type of respiratory failure and children`s age. As a result, important scientific problem was solved and the results of treatment of children with respiratory failure was improved. Conclusions. It was found that proposed strategy of weaning from mechanical ventilation allowed to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the frequency of complications (reintubations). There were no significant differences in the frequency of tracheostomy among patients of I and II groups.
PROTEÇÃO SOCIAL NO CONE SUL DA AMÉRICA LATINA NO SÉCULO 21: ENTRE O SEGURO E A ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL
Authors: Preuss Lislei Teresinha , Bueno Nayara Cristina
Published: November 2020

A Proteção Social nas sociedades capitalistas periféricas possuem particularidades relacionadas às marcas do colonialismo que dificultam o desenvolvimento de políticas sociais universais e na perspectiva dos direitos sociais. Com objetivo de apresentar um panorama da proteção social no cone sul da América Latina no século XXI foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória que contou com revisão bibliográfica e análise estatística sobre o tema na base de dados da Comissão Econômica para América Latina e Caribe (CEPAL). Após a apresentação de como o colonialismo é presente nas sociedades dessa região, os sistemas de proteção social contributivos e não contributivos são problematizados na sua relação com o mercado de trabalho, instável, informal e com condições precárias para os/as trabalhadores/as. Nas considerações finais identifica-se que os benefícios e programas existentes são resultado de lutas e mobilizações sociais e podem contribuir para a diminuição da pobreza e desigualdade social na região se combinados com políticas estruturais.
RELATIONS BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND PUBLIC POLICY: A MULTI-CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Guerra Sidney Cesar Silva , Tonetto Fernanda
Published: November 2020

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which appears as one of the OAS organs for the promotion and protection of human rights, with its firm action ends up having significant effects on normative production and the development of public policies in favor of human rights of the Brazilian state.

Such action derives from the attributions conferred upon them, in particular those related to the preparation of studies, reports and the proposition of recommendations to the States, as well as the adoption of measures that favor the system of protection of human rights at the domestic level and also as regards to the knowledge of individual petitions and interstate communications that contain denunciations of rights that have been debased.

Although the reports issued by the Commission are not binding as they don’t have the legal nature of a decision, it is often noted that when a report is issued against a particular state that there has been a violation of human rights, it ends up employing efforts to change the situation in the country through legislative changes and public policies.

The present study intends to analyze some consequences of the reports issued by the Inter-American Commission in face of the Brazilian State whose contrary manifestations count twenty incidences. However, for the purpose of this analysis, which will use the hypothetical-deductive method, where the impact of the recommendations on the internal legal order will be demonstrated, only three cases will be dealt with, since a time frame of the last ten years has been adopted.
TODO ES SEGÚN EL DOLOR CON QUE SE MIRA: APUNTES PARA UN DEBATE EN TORNO A LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO EN PROCESOS DE LUCHA
Authors: Carballido Manuel E. Gándara
Published: November 2020

El texto desarrolla algunas reflexiones a propósito del quehacer teórico y la construcción de conocimiento que se produce en el marco de las luchas por transformar la sociedad en clave emancipadora. Para ello se acude a los aportes del pensamiento crítico, particularmente del pensamiento crítico en derechos humanos. Se destaca el lugar de las víctimas como opción no solo ética y política, sino también como lugar epistémico, desafiando los enquistamientos en que cierto ejercicio académico puede incurrir.
EFEITOS DO FECHAMENTO EPISTEMOLÓGICO AO SABER HISTÓRICO NA FORMAÇÃO DOS JURISTAS NOS CURSOS DE DIREITO
Authors: Souza Lucas Melo Borges de , Santos André Filipe Pereira Reid dos
Published: November 2020

A questão central do presente artigo é a dos efeitos e das decorrências do fechamento epistemológico ao saber histórico na formação dos juristas nos cursos de Direito, tanto no campo do ensino quanto no da pesquisa. Foi utilizada como técnica de pesquisa a revisão de literatura de trabalhos e livros seminais sobre o estado de coisas do ensino jurídico e da pesquisa jurídica nas últimas décadas, bem como a experiência pessoal dos autores enquanto professores universitários em cursos de Direito. Inicialmente são apontados elementos organizadores de uma tradição jurídica normativa e técnica que dá um tratamento superficial, ou que sequer considera os conhecimentos históricos, sociológicos, filosóficos e antropológicos para uma compreensão do fenômeno jurídico na contemporaneidade. Em seguida são examinados alguns efeitos no ensino e na pesquisa jurídica da conjugação de uma tradição jurídica normativa e acrítica com o desapreço ou a indiferença em relação aos estudos históricos e às ciências humanas de uma maneira geral – chamado no texto de senso comum histórico dos juristas, expressão parafraseada de Luís Alberto Warat. O manualismo e a esquematização, o reducionismo metodológico e teórico da pesquisa jurídica e o ethos jurídico técnico e burocrático são alguns desses efeitos. As considerações não estão reduzidas ao final do trabalho. Ao longo do texto são levantados alguns indícios das consequências de uma falta de compreensão crítica do jurista enquanto agente histórico e social inserido em um campo constituído e constitutivo da formação social brasileira.
A MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA E O IMPACTO NA PRODUÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS: ALGUNS ELEMENTOS DE ANÁLISE DA REALIDADE BRASILEIRA E ARGENTINA
Authors: Cenci Daniel Rubens , Lorenzo Cristian
Published: November 2020

O tema central do presente ensaio versa sobre a Mudança Climática e seu impacto na agricultura e pecuária brasileira e argentina, especialmente no que respeita a geopolítica da mudança climática e a produção de alimentos. Tomando como metodologia de trabalho a análise crítica de documentos e legislações que dão o suporte ao atual modelo de desenvolvimento da agricultura e pecuária, nos monocultivos de grande extensão, com o objetivo de compreender o alcance da adoção de práticas voltadas para a produtividade de quantitativos e o abandono da dimensão qualitativa do modelo de desenvolvimento. O enfoque da sustentabilidade emerge no texto como princípio norteador da análise e como objetivo a ser buscado e trabalhado como resultado de práticas que devem ser implementadas como condição sine qua non, para a mitigação dos impactos da mudança climática e processos de adaptação. As possíveis conclusões apontam para a necessidade de mudanças na racionalidade econômica e adoção de práticas identificadas com a racionalidade ambiental, que primem por atender as necessidades alimentares da região, comprometidas com o bem estar das gerações presentes e futuras, promovendo sustentabilidade.
A CONQUISTA DO DIREITO DAS CRIANÇAS À EDUCAÇÃO: DA PROPOSIÇÃO À MATERIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Galvão Priscila Kelida Assis , Silveira Telma Aparecida Teles Martins , Barbosa Ivone Garcia
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo analisa o processo histórico de consolidação do direito à Educação Infantil no Brasil, buscando perceber os condicionantes sociais e políticos na elaboração da Carta Magna de 1988. Utilizamos o materialismo histórico-dialético, apreendendo em sua concretude social e histórica os múltiplos condicionantes implicados no processo. Realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico e documental acerca do período da Constituinte 1985-1988. As evidências anunciam, a contradição dos diferentes grupos na constituição das políticas públicas e a busca de consolidação do direito à educação.
Women Migrant Workers in Fiqh Perspectives
Authors: Lutfiyah L. , Kistanto Nurdien Harry , Akmaluddin Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to find information about the law of a wife to be a migrant worker from the perspective of fiqh. This study is qualitative research using library research and uses the fiqh approach. Data sources come from primary and secondary sources. The primary source functions as the main source, obtained by tracing the book of jurisprudence by analyzing the content (content analysis). Secondary sources function to support primary sources obtained through books, journals, and other important documents. The result is that the husband must rethink to permit wives who want to become migrant workers. Changes in Islamic law against migrant workers can occur if they meet the requirements including time, place, intention, and custom. The proof of sadd al-dhari'ah serves to inhibit the rate of sending women migrant workers.
Highly efficient and cheap treatment of dye by graphene-doped TiO2 microspheres
Authors: Liang Honglian , Wang Shujun , Lu Yanhong , Ren Ping , Li Guihua , Yang Fenghao , Chen Yu
Published: November 2020

Highly efficient dye wastewater treatment by photocatalytic catalysis commonly requires expensive catalysts, long degradation time and a complicated procedure. Here, we for the first time prepared cheap graphene-doped titanium dioxide microspheres with a simple procedure to degrade dye with high efficiency. When the catalyst concentration was 0.2 g·L−1, the photocatalysis degradation extent of methylene blue solution, methylene green solution and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue solution reached 96.4, 85.9 and 98.7%, respectively. The results showed that the degradation reactions accorded with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, and the photocatalytic reactions belonged to a first-order reaction in the primary stage. Furthermore, different photocatalytic degradation mechanisms were proposed, which have not been found in other literature. This work opened a new route for simple preparation of cheap microspheres in photocatalytic dye wastewater treatment with high efficiency.
Simultaneous removal of lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, and cobalt heavy metal ions from the quinary system by Abies bornmulleriana cones
Authors: Oguz Ensar
Published: November 2020

Abies bornmulleriana cone was used to investigate its biosorption efficiency and capacity of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ heavy metal ions in a quinary system. The mechanism of multi-metal removal was illustrated in terms of FTIR results. Electrophoretic mobilities of the biosorbents were determined to access the information about the competitive biosorption. BET surface area and pore volume of the biosorbents before and after the biosorption were defined to be (5.05 m2 g−1 and 0.0018 cm3 g−1) and (0.97 m2 g−1 and 0.00032 cm3 g−1), respectively. The average pore width of the biosorbent before and after the biosorption was calculated as 9.34 and 13.04 Å, respectively. The pseudo-first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model were applied to analyze the experimental data. Experimental data have been evaluated according to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The maximum biosorption efficiency and capacity for Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions were defined as (85.4, 56.4, 35.4, 21.7 and 18.9%) and (8.5, 5.6, 3.5, 2.2 and 1.9 mg g−1), respectively. The selectivity of heavy metal ions resulted in the magnitude order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+.
Nano Cocrystals: Crystal Engineering from a Nanotechnological Perspective
Authors: Kumar Arun , Nanda Arun
Published: November 2020

Low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability are the major hurdles during drug development for
the oral route. A large number of the newly discovered drug molecules fall under the BCS II class and have solubility
related issues and hence pose low oral bioavailability, which, in turn, render them non-suitable candidates
for further development. A multitude of solubility enhancement approaches are available. Notable among
them are salt formation, solid dispersions, inclusion complexes, cocrystallization, nanonization, etc. Cocrystallization
and nanonization are among the most widely used approaches in the pharmaceutical field that offer multiple
enhancements to the active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review endeavours to cover the recent work,
important findings, advantages offered by nano-sized cocrystals, future aspects and challenges in the implementation
of this newer approach in pharmaceutical research and development.
Kolaviron: A Biflavonoid with Numerous Health Benefits
Authors: Erukainure Ochuko L. , Salau Veronica F. , Chukwuma Chika I. , Islam Md. Shahidul
Published: November 2020

Background:

The increasing interests on the healing properties of medicinal plants have led to a paradigm
shift from the use of synthetic drug to the search of natural medicines for the treatment and management of
several diseases. Like other phenolics flavonoids have been continuously explored for their medicinal benefits,
with their potent antioxidant activity being a major interest. Kolaviron (KVN) is a biflavonoid isolated from Garcinia
kola Heckel, which has been reported for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These
properties have been explored in several disease models including reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, diabetes
mellitus, gastrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Objectives:

The present study was aimed to review the reported medicinal properties of KVN in order to provide
some guidelines and direction to researchers on KVN research.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted with the aim of identifying peer-reviewed published data on KVN
and their biological activities. Different academic and/or scientific search engines were utilized including but not
limited to Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and so on.

Results:

Among all the studied disease models obtained from the literatures, the effect of KVN on reproductive
toxicity was the most studied as it represented 25% of all the studies, followed by neuroprotective, cardioprotective
and hepatoprotective activities of Kolaviron. From our identified studies, KVN has been shown to have antidiabetic,
cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hematoprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective
activities. KVN also has effects on malaria and reproductive health, which can be explored for novel drug
and nutraceutical developments for related ailments. Unfortunately, while toxicity data are lacking, most studies
are limited to in vitro and/or in vivo models, which may impede translation in this area of research.

Conclusion:

Based on data gathered from the literature search, it is evident that KVN possesses numerous health
benefits, which can be attributed to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, more studies
are required in this area of research to validate the medicinal value of kolaviron, which may positively influence
the economic value of plant, Garcinia kola.
Recent Developments on Synthesis of Indole Derivatives Through Green Approaches and Their Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Mondal Dipayan , Kalar Pankaj Lal , Kori Shivam , Gayen Shovanlal , Das Kalpataru
Published: November 2020

Indole moiety is often found in different classes of pharmaceutically active molecules
having various biological activities including anticancer, anti-viral, anti-psychotic, antihypertensive,
anti-migraine, anti-arthritis and analgesic activities. Due to enormous applications
of indole derivatives in pharmaceutical chemistry, a number of conventional synthetic
methods as well as green methodology have been developed for their synthesis. Green methodology
has many advantages including high yields, short reaction time, and inexpensive
reagents, highly efficient and environmentally benign over conventional methods. Currently,
the researchers in academia as well as in pharmaceutical industries have been developing
various methods for the chemical synthesis of indole based compounds via green approaches
to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods. This review reflects the last ten years
developments of the various greener methods for the synthesis of indole derivatives by using microwave, ionic liquids,
water, ultrasound, nanocatalyst, green catalyst, multicomponent reaction and solvent-free reactions etc. (please
see the scheme below). Furthermore, the applications of green chemistry towards developments of indole containing
pharmaceuticals and their biological studies have been represented in this review.
Withdrawal Notice: Nickel (II) and oxovanadium (IV) complexes supported on MCM-41 mesoporous and their application in catalytic selective sulfide and thiol oxidation
Authors: Nikoorazm Mohsen , Khanmoradi Maryam , Sayadian Masoumeh
Published: November 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal "Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput
Screening" due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo
Authors: Wang Mengli , Du Qiuzheng , Zuo Lihua , Xue Peng , Lan Chao , Sun Zhi
Published: November 2020

Background:

As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed.

Results:

In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study.

Conclusion:

According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.
Cholecystokinin-Mediated Neuromodulation of Anxiety and Schizophrenia: A “Dimmer-Switch” Hypothesis
Authors: Ballaz Santiago J. , Bourin Michel
Published: November 2020

Cholecystokinin (CCK), the most abundant brain neuropeptide, is involved in relevant
behavioral functions like memory, cognition, and reward through its interactions with the opioid
and dopaminergic systems in the limbic system. CCK excites neurons by binding two receptors,
CCK1 and CCK2, expressed at low and high levels in the brain, respectively. Historically, CCK2
receptors have been related to the induction of panic attacks in humans. Disturbances in brain CCK
expression also underlie the physiopathology of schizophrenia, which is attributed to the modulation
by CCK1 receptors of the dopamine flux in the basal striatum. Despite this evidence, neither
CCK2 receptor antagonists ameliorate human anxiety nor CCK agonists have consistently shown
neuroleptic effects in clinical trials. A neglected aspect of the function of brain CCK is its neuromodulatory
role in mental disorders. Interestingly, CCK is expressed in pivotal inhibitory interneurons
that sculpt cortical dynamics and the flux of nerve impulses across corticolimbic areas and the
excitatory projections to mesolimbic pathways. At the basal striatum, CCK modulates the excitability
of glutamate, the release of inhibitory GABA, and the discharge of dopamine. Here we focus on
how CCK may reduce rather than trigger anxiety by regulating its cognitive component. Adequate
levels of CCK release in the basal striatum may control the interplay between cognition and reward
circuitry, which is critical in schizophrenia. Hence, it is proposed that disturbances in the excitatory/
inhibitory interplay modulated by CCK may contribute to the imbalanced interaction between
corticolimbic and mesolimbic neural activity found in anxiety and schizophrenia.
A Review on Sulfur-Directed C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Tang Xuchong , Zhao Yingwei
Published: November 2020

Transition-metal-catalyzed C−H bond activation employing a directing group has been
shown to be a powerful tool to access C−C or C−hetero bond formation. Oxygen and nitrogen atoms
are commonly applied as the electron donor for these directing groups. In contrast, there are only a
few studies on sulfur-containing groups, probably due to their toxicity to transition-metal catalysts.
Nowadays, a large amount of C−H activation reactions directed by sulfur-containing auxiliary groups
have been successfully achieved. As these groups can be facilely removed or modified in situ or in
further steps, they are of great value in creative synthetic strategies. This paper reviews recent advances
in the studies using thioether, thiol/thiophenol/disulfide, sulfoxide, and thiocarbonyl as directing
groups for intermolecular C−H functionalizations as well as intramolecular oxidative annulations.
Thymosin α1; Potential Therapeutic Implications of an Immunoregulatory Drug in the Treatment of Lymphocytopenia Associated with COVID-19
Authors: Shirvaliloo Milad
Published: November 2020

It is not unbeknownst to us that since the very onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, many
patients from different age groups have suffered greatly, and in a remarkable number of cases, succumbed
to their untimely demise as a result of infection with the novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-
-2. The elderly are perhaps the most vulnerable community, who stand at the pinnacle of morbidity
and mortality rates due to contracting severe forms of COVID-19. Hopefully, based on the recent
findings and the present evidence, there might be a number of medications that would possibly be
of great prophylactic and therapeutic value to the elderly patients diagnosed with COVID-19. According
to an interventional study, Thymosin α1 is arguably one such medication that has recently
been indicated to be an effective therapeutic agent for inpatient management of lymphocytopenia
and T cell exhaustion caused by COVID-19.
A comparative in vivo Evaluation of Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Bacopa Extract and its Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Garg Rajeev , Khurana Navneet
Published: November 2020

Background:

Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi; family Scrophulariaceae) is a well-known plant known for its nootropic activity. Delivery of Bacosides (an active constituent) is limited at the site of action owing to the existence of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). In order to take the Bacoside- Rich Extract (BRE) across BBB, formulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were used.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior (in vivo potential) of the prepared SLNs containing BRE in comparison to BRE alone for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods:

Swiss albino male mice (25-30 gm) were used for the study. The pharmacokinetic, as well as pharmacodynamic evaluation of formulated SLNs, were performed in comparison to BRE in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model.

Results:

BRE-loaded SLNs were found to be significantly more effective than BRE in alleviating neurodegeneration. The pharmacokinetic study revealed the improved bioavailability of prepared SLNs with the potential of sustaining the drug release in mice for an extended period of time.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated that the SLNs can be considered as a potential delivery system for taking BRE across the BBB to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Postoperative COVID-19 Pneumonia in an Asymptomatic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Asadollahi-Amin Ali , Shahmohamadi Elnaz , Hasibi Mehrdad , Moosivand Maryam , Taghizadeh Maryam , Seyed Alinaghi Seyed Ahmad
Published: November 2020

Background:

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China has
rapidly spread throughout the world and there are many reports of symptoms ranging from malaise
to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by this infection. However, few reports have
been discussed surgical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Case Presentation:

In this report, we described a case of an elderly female developed with postoperative
pulmonary complications after uneventful elective minor surgery. The patient was asymptomatic
before the operation with no history of cough or fever. After surgery, the patient developed
respiratory distress and chest radiological imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities. It
seems any type of surgeries requiring local anesthesia or general anesthesia may contribute to worsening
outcomes in patients with covid19.
Plant Feedstocks and their Biogas Production Potentials
Authors: Kulichkova Ganna I. , Ivanova Tetiana S. , Köttner Mihael , Volodko Oleksiy I. , Spivak Svitlana I. , Tsygankov Sergiy P. , Blume Yaroslav B.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Nowadays, organic waste utilization and replacement of fossil energy sources with their renewable alternatives pose a challenging problem both for industrially developed and developing countries. Anaerobic digestion of organic biomass into biogas is considered an efficient technology for bioenergy production. Over the period from 2009 to 2018, the global biogas production capacities have more than doubled and are continuing to grow. The composition and the amount of biogas depend strongly on the type of the substrate. Various types of feedstock can be used for the production of biogas such as animal wastes, agricultural residues, and dedicated energy crops.

Objective:

To review biogas production potentials of energy crops and plant processing raw materials.

Results:

In the background of historical development and present state, the paper reviews the potential of different plant raw materials to be utilized for biogas production purposes. The potential of energy crops, agricultural residues, and wastes for biogas production is analyzed. International projects concerning energy crops grown on marginal lands are presented and commented on in the article. The approach of implementing crop rotation systems for industrial energy crop cultivation is described and recommended as beneficial for various purposes. The anaerobic degradability of biomass constituents, optimal process parameters, and biomass treatment for biogas production are discussed. C/N ration and lignocelluloses content in the substrate are considered among the most decisive parameters for AD and methane production. Various concepts of biogas bioreactor technologies have been studied depending on the substrate type.

Conclusion:

Plant feedstock may play a decisive role in biogas production as a renewable energy source. To avoid GHG release into the atmosphere, biogas facilities should be built within the closest vicinities to the places of existing garbage dumps, and waste management practice involving organic fraction separation in households and in the industry should be applied. Construction of biogas facilities is beneficial for environmental, economic, and social reasons.
The Effects of the “XGTQ” Medicine in Treating Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Hoang Ngan Nguyen , Minh Thang Duong , Hoang Tuan Anh , Bich Son Le Ngoc , Huu Duong Nguyen , Nguyen Xuan Thanh , Do Binh Nhu , Ha Tuan Nguyen Thanh
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of “XGTQ” in the treatment of cirrhosis induced by
Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in combination with alcohol and a high-fat diet on Wistar rats.

Materials and methods:

Cirrhosis on white rats was induced by subcutaneously injecting CC14 at
an initial dose of 5,0ml/kg, followed by 1,2ml/kg once a week in 10 weeks. Then, fed with synthetic
food, added 20% fat, and 0.05% cholesterol and iron oxalate. Rats were administered every day
with plain water and 1 day with water mixed with 30% ethanol. The rats were randomly divided into
5 groups and given distilled water (group 1 and 2 or control group), silymarin (group 3 or reference
group) or the “XGTQ” drug extract (group 4, 5) for 4 weeks. Collected blood for biochemical
test and liver were dissected to evaluate weight, morphology, and quantified 4-hydroxyproline to
evaluate fibrosis and collagen accumulation.

Results:

n cirrhotic Wistar rats, “XGTQ” drug at 19.6 g/kg/24h and 58.8 g/kg/24h showed the ability
toreduce the activity of enzymes AST, ALT in the blood (p<0.01), increasing plasma albumin
and decreasing prothrombin time (p<0.05); improving physical condition, macroscopic and microscopic
images of H&E-stained liver; decreasing the concentration of hydroxyproline in the liver and
reducing the level of cirrhosis on the Masson-stained templates. The effects of “XGTQ” increased
with the dose and was equivalent to silymarin at the dose of 70 mg/kg/24h.

Conclusion:

The extract of “XGTQ” drug is effective in treating cirrhosis in Wistar rats.
Structure Based Drug Design Approach to Identify Potential SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Inhibitors
Authors: Negi Preeya , Prakash Surya , Patil Vaishali M.
Published: November 2020

Aims:

The research work aims to apply the current virtual screening approaches for rapid
screening of available compounds as inhibitors of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).

Background:

The worldwide pandemic, uncontrolled spread, and lack of effective therapeutics demand
novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory anti-viral agents.

Objective:

The major objectives of the present work are – i) effective utilization of open-source computer-
aided drug design (CADD) tools; ii) to prepare a database according to chemical structure similarity
to the reported anti-viral drug, Favipiravir; and iii) to investigate potential inhibitors of the novel
coronavirus.

Methods:

The dataset was prepared based on the chemical structure similarity feature of ChemSpider.
The virtual screening was carried out using molecular docking and ADMET properties. For performing
molecular docking studies, the standard docking protocol of iGEMDOCK was used.

Result:

Based on chemical structure similarity search to Favipiravir, a small library of 40 compounds
was designed. The docking score and ADMET properties were analyzed to prioritize the compounds.

Conclusion:

The virtual screening resulted in the identification of potential anti-viral compounds.
Among the designed library of compounds based on structural similarity to Favipiravir, 70% of compounds
were found to possess docking scores more than that of Favipiravir. The amino acid residues
involved in binding at the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were identified. The compounds
have shown acceptable ADME properties and are potentially non-toxic.

Other:

The study has successfully applied the open source CADD tools to investigate novel SARS-CoV-2 polymerase inhibitors.
Study on fabrication method of composite oxide by room temperature atomic layer deposition
Authors: Hirose Fumihiko
Published: November 2020

Thin films can be used to improve the surface properties of materials, enhancing elements such as absorption, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, for example. These thin films provide the foundation for a variety of applications in various fields and their applications depend
on their morphology and stability, which is influenced by how they are deposited. Thin films can be deposited in different ways. One of these is a technology called atomic layer deposition (ALD). Professor Fumihiko Hirose, a scientist based at the Graduate School of Science and Engineering,
Yamagata University, Japan, is conducting research on the room temperature ALD of oxide metals. Along with his team, Professor Hirose has developed a new and improved way of performing ALD to create thin films, and the potential applications are endless.
Study of nucleosynthesis in neutron star merger with optical-infrared follow-up observations of gravitational wave sources
Authors: Yoshida Michitoshi
Published: November 2020

Professor Michitoshi Yoshida, who is based at Subaru Telescope of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, is a lead scientist with J-GEM (the Japanese Collaboration for Gravitational- Wave Electro-Magnetic Follow-up) and throughout the course of his career in galactic study, has
become increasingly interested in the active phenomena of the universe, such as gamma ray bursts (GRB). J-GEM is embarking on a research approach called multi-messenger astronomy, this method is based on the coordination between classical electromagnetic astronomy, new GW astronomy and particle
astronomy, and is opening new opportunities for humans to investigate the Universe.
Overview of the research work of Dr. Fukuhara in thermal infrared cameras across Hyabusa2, Akatsuki, Wildfire Monitoring and Lunar Flares
Authors: Fukuhara Tetsuya
Published: November 2020

A technology that has only been recently introduced into astronomy and space exploration is infrared thermography (IRT) using uncooled microbolometer arrays (UMBA) to capture images. Assistant Professor Tetsuya Fukuhara, from the Department of Physics at Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
has been pioneering its use and over the last decade he has proved that UMBA IRT can uncover novel astronomical phenomena, help guide space travel and potentially allow satellites to stay precisely and accurately on orbit.
Research on innovative high performance and low-cost solid rocket fuel
Authors: Morita Yasuhiro
Published: November 2020

The fuel for space access rockets represents a significant investment for space programmes as the energy required to propel the vehicles beyond our gravitational sphere is immense. Dr Yasuhiro Morita, from the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and his team have been developing
new, high performance, low-cost solid rocket fuels that could revolutionise the industry. Morita's ground-breaking solid fuel relies on the addition of a thermoplastic resin, and the process he has developed can be modified to allow more efficient manufacturing with smaller scale facilities.
Driving Taiwanese science and technology research
Authors: Shieh Dar-Bin
Published: November 2020

Professor Dar-Bin Shieh, Deputy Minister at the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology, shares with us details of the efforts undertaken at the Ministry to promote and support scientific and technological research and development in Taiwan, including his response to the COVID-19
pandemic.
Isolasi dan uji kepekaan Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolat lokal asal feses dapi terhadap berbagai jenis antibiotika
Authors: Suardana I Wayan , Suarsana I Nyoman , Wibowo Michael Haryadi , Widiasih Dyah Ayu
Published: November 2020

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the bacteria infection agents that life threatening.
Identification of Clinostomum complanatum (DIGENEA: CLINOSTOMIDAE) Infecting Anabas tes
Authors: Riauwaty Morina , Kurniasih Kurniasih , Prastowo Joko
Published: November 2020

The aim of study was to molecularly determine Clinostomum complanatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) from freshwater fish in Yogyakarta and Riau, Indonesia.
Aalisis penyebab dan faktor resiko terjadinya pincang pada sapi perah di kecamatan Pakem, kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Budhi Setyo
Published: November 2020

Causal analyses and risk factors that influenced lame on dairy cattle at kecamatan Pakem, kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakart, were performed on 491 dairy cattle from 139 breeders.
Evaluasi kinerja petugas vaksin rabies di Kota Ambon
Authors: Tagueha Astri Dwyanti , Susetya Heru , Budiharta Setyawan
Published: November 2020

Study on the evaluation of rabies vaccinator performance and its associated factors on has been conduced.
Analisis ketersediaan kolesterol total, trigliserid, glukosa dan aktivitas enzim Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) dan Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) pada ayam Broiler kolesterol tinggi pasca pemberian bawang putih (Allium sativum Iinn)
Authors: Wijayanti Agustina Dwi , Sari Rani Puspita , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: November 2020

This study was to find out the effect of ethanolic garlic extrct of total blood cholesterol, trigliserid, glucone and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) dan Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) of broiler fed with high cholesterol diet.
The Moderating Influence of Competitive Environment on the Relationship between Marketing Mix Strategies and Performance of Tour Firms in Kenya
Authors: Ndegwa Muriithi R. , N. Kibera Prof. Francis , M. Munyoki Prof. Justus , M. Njihia Prof. James
Published: November 2020

This study examined the competitive environment’s moderating effect on the relationship between marketing mix strategies and tour firms’ performance in Kenya. The researcher adopted a descriptive research design and used a survey approach to collect pertinent data for analysis. The study population comprised all tour firms, both locally and foreign-registered, operating under the Kenya Association of Tour Operators (KATO) as of September 2019. Two hundred thirty-four tour firms were surveyed out of a population of 260 registered firms. Descriptive statistical and inferential analyses were conducted and regression analysis results were used to test the hypothesis. The study established a positive and significant moderating effect of Competitive Environment (CE) on the relationship between Marketing Mix Strategies (MMS) and the Organizational Performance (OP) of tour firms in Kenya. The study’s findings are significant to policymakers and stakeholders operating in the tourism industry.They accentuate the significance to tour firms in implementing the right kind of marketing mix strategies to maximize their organizational performance. The study recommends future studies in the same area be expanded to include other travel trade areas such as hoteliers and travel agencies. Such a study would increase the empirical knowledge in the subject matter while also extending the generalizability of the results.
Prácticas de lectura en primer año de la Universidad. Un estudio sobre las representaciones sociales de la lectura en alumnos ingresantes a la UNPA
Authors: González Andrea Carolina , Musci Mónica
Published: November 2020

El estudio de las representaciones sociales, concepto que proviene de la Psicología Social, ha cobrado cierta relevancia en el campo de la educación en el último tiempo debido a que permite develar esquemas de percepción y pensamiento socialmente compartidos por un grupo sobre aspectos de la realidad (Jodelet, 1986). Así, las representaciones sobre la lectura y los significados que tienen sobre ella los alumnos en el ámbito universitario influyen en la manera como se efectúa esta actividad, pudiendo constituir un obstáculo o una ayuda para su desempeño académico. Siguiendo este enfoque, la presente comunicación constituye el informe final realizado en el marco de un proyecto de investigación del área de lingüística que analiza las representaciones sociales sobre la lectura (RSL) en los alumnos ingresantes de la UNPA-UARG. Particularmente, nos ocupamos aquí de presentar algunos resultados de una encuesta realizada a estudiantes ingresantes de distintas carreras. La indagación puso énfasis en rastrear dos aspectos presentes en las representaciones sociales: la dimensión informativa y la dimensión actitudinal. La finalidad es analizar la incidencia de las RSL en sus prácticas de lectura académica y construir un perfil del sujeto lector que comprenda diversos aspectos como las historias escolares previas, las motivaciones, los hábitos de lectura y la percepción de la lectura en relación con el aprendizaje.
Nexo: Una herramienta para la visualización y análisis de indicadores QoS y QoE móviles
Authors: Machini Ariel , Enriquez Juan , Casas Sandra
Published: November 2020

Con el creciente uso de las tecnologías móviles, resulta cada vez más importante tanto para los desarrolladores de aplicaciones como para prestadores de servicios brindar una óptima calidad a sus usuarios. En la actualidad, existen diversas herramientas que permiten visualizar los distintos indicadores de calidad que impactan en la experiencia del usuario; Sin embargo, los conceptos de Calidad de Servicio (QoS) y Calidad de Experiencia (QoE) usualmente son estudiados por separado, lo cual hace que el análisis completo de la calidad sea una tarea difícil. Es por esto que, en este proyecto, se presenta Nexo: una herramienta que permite recolectar indicadores de calidad (tanto QoS como QoE) en aplicaciones móviles, así como también clasificarlos y visualizarlos de manera gráfica con la finalidad de establecer vínculos entre estos. Para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento de Nexo, se llevó a cabo un caso de estudio en el que se recopilaron diversos indicadores QoS y QoE de una aplicación real (AntennaPod) y, posteriormente, dichos indicadores fueron analizados mediante la generación de distintos gráficos con la herramienta. A través de este caso de estudio, se pudo validar la relación entre la calidad del servicio y la calidad de la experiencia del usuario.
Personolized treatment of patients with HIV-infection
Authors: Belyakov N. A. , Rassokhin V. V. , Stepanova E. V. , Sizova N. V. , Samarina A. V. , Yastrebova E. B. , Boeva E. V. , Khalezova N. B. , Gutova L. V. , Ogurtsova S. V. , Kovelenov A. Yu. , Panteleev A. M. , Leonova O. N. , Azovtseva O. V. , Melnikova T. N. , Kurganova T. Yu. , Buzunova S. A. , DiKlimenta R.
Published: November 2020

The paper studies key epidemiological, medical, social and economic, and demographic prerequisites determining the necessity of personalized diagnosis and treatment of patients with HIV-infection and comorbid states. Some regularities and sequence of creation of personalized medical care for patients of the Russian Federation were investigated, common characteristics and aspects of each component of personalized check-up and treatment of patients with HIV-infection were presented, separate groups and cohorts of people for whom such approach is essential and acceptable were selected.