bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of a Ptr ToxB Nonproducing Isolate of Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis with the ToxB Gene Confers Pathogenicity on a Toxin‐Sensitive Wheat Genotype
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Aboukhaddour Reem , Strelkov Stephen E.
Published: September 2014

The causal agent of tan spot of wheat, Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis, is a necrotrophic ascomycete that produces multiple host‐selective toxins (HSTs) responsible for the development of destructive foliar lesions. Ptr ToxB, a small proteinaceous HST produced by some races of P. tritici‐repentis, causes extensive chlorosis on toxin‐sensitive wheat genotypes. To investigate the role of Ptr ToxB in the pathogenicity and virulence of P. tritici‐repentis, the open reading frame of the encoding gene, ToxB, was cloned from a wild‐type race 5 isolate of the fungus and transferred into a Ptr ToxB nonproducing isolate of race 2. Ectopic integration of ToxB was confirmed by Southern blotting analysis with a digoxigenin (DIG)‐labeled DNA probe, while the abundance of ToxB transcript in culture was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The production and secretion of Ptr ToxB were assessed by Western blotting analysis of the transformed fungal strains. The pathogenicity of the transformants was tested by inoculation on Ptr ToxB‐sensitive and insensitive wheat genotypes. The Ptr ToxB‐producing transformants were able to induce chlorosis in a host‐specific manner only on the toxin‐sensitive host genotype, resulting in significantly higher levels of disease than those caused by the nontransformed isolate. The extent of chlorosis was well correlated with the amount of Ptr ToxB produced. These results demonstrate that the acquisition of Ptr ToxB‐producing ability is a sufficient condition for pathogenicity in P. tritici‐repentis and confirm the role of this toxin in mediating the compatibility between the fungus and different genotypes of its wheat host.
The Effects of Restriction‐Enzyme Choice on Properties of Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing Libraries: A Study in Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Hamblin Martha T. , Rabbi Ismail Y.
Published: September 2014

Compared with other reduced‐representation sequencing methods, library construction for genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) is simpler and less expensive. However, elimination of size‐selection steps results in libraries of more variable fragment size than with other reduced‐representation methods, affecting several aspects of the data. To test the effect of restriction enzyme choice on library quality, we made GBS libraries with PstI (6‐cutter), PstI/TaqI (4‐cutter), or ApeKI (4.5‐cutter) from the same set of DNAs from a cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) biparental population. Tag and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) counts were limited by the number of cut sites rather than by read number. Depth per locus was very skewed for the PstI library, such that most SNPs had low read depth but a subset had very high read depth. In contrast, the ApeKI and PstI/TaqI libraries had less variable distributions of read depth and yielded far more scorable SNPs. Our results suggest that 6‐cutter enzymes may be most appropriate for genotyping a modest number of markers at a high multiplexing level, or for very large genomes, and perform better when used in a double digest with a 4‐cutter enzyme.
Soil Change Induced by Prairie Dogs across Three Ecological Sites
Authors: Barth C. J. , Liebig M. A. , Hendrickson J. R. , Sedivec K. K. , Halvorson G.
Published: September 2014

Prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) can influence vegetation dynamics and landscape hydrology by altering soil properties, yet few studies have evaluated soil responses to prairie dog activities across a range of soil types. This study was conducted to quantify prairie dog effects on soil properties within three unique ecological sites differing in soil and landscape attributes on a 1400 ha ranch near McLaughlin, SD. Soil properties and infiltration rate were evaluated within thin claypan, loamy, and shallow loamy ecological sites corresponding to footslope, backslope, and summit–shoulder landscape positions, respectively. Prairie dog activity was found to influence soil properties similarly across ecological sites. Prairie dog activity contributed to considerable soil heterogeneity, with on‐mound areas characterized as acidified, nutrient “hot spots” compared with off‐mound areas. On‐mound areas possessed faster infiltration rates than off‐mound areas within loamy and shallow loamy ecological sites. Soil organic C was greater in on‐mound areas compared with off‐mound areas, but only at intermediate depths (10 to 30 cm). Results from this study suggest postextirpation restoration efforts should consider soil heterogeneity induced by prairie dog activity within and across ecological sites.
The Quality of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Family Firms
Authors: Bardhan Indranil , Lin Shu , Wu Shu-Ling
Published: September 2014

SYNOPSIS

Family firms represent a majority of businesses worldwide, and play a crucial role in the socio-economic development of both developed countries and emerging economies. We study the relationship between family firm characteristics and the quality of internal control over financial reporting, relative to non-family firms. Using a relatively large sample of S&P 500 firms, we report that family firms exhibit more material weaknesses in their internal control over financial reporting than non-family firms. Further investigation suggests that the greater likelihood of material weaknesses is driven by family firms with dual-class shares. Our results are consistent with the entrenchment argument that family owners are motivated to maintain weaker internal controls in order to extract private benefits. Our study contributes to the extant literature on family firms by providing further insight into the mechanisms through which family firms can exert undue influence on internal control over financial reporting.
Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children: An Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version
Authors: Broc Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2014

Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children was translated into Spanish and was administered to representative students from the Aragon Community, 1,058 elementary and junior high school children from 3rd to 8th grades, respectively. Following the same statistical procedures used by Harter, similar and interesting results were obtained for the factor structure of the specific self-perception subscales, the self-worth subscale, the correlations among specific subscales and the reliability of their items across different Spanish subsamples, using the Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses. This empirical research compare and complete other work carried out in Spain, and permitted the use of the Harter scale outside the United States, although some conceptual issues need further attention.
A factor graph based genetic algorithm
Authors: Helmi B. Hoda , Rahmani Adel T. , Pelikan Martin
Published: September 2014

We propose a new linkage learning genetic algorithm called the Factor Graph based Genetic Algorithm (FGGA). In the FGGA, a factor graph is used to encode the underlying dependencies between variables of the problem. In order to learn the factor graph from a population of potential solutions, a symmetric non-negative matrix factorization is employed to factorize the matrix of pair-wise dependencies. To show the performance of the FGGA, encouraging experimental results on different separable problems are provided as support for the mathematical analysis of the approach. The experiments show that FGGA is capable of learning linkages and solving the optimization problems in polynomial time with a polynomial number of evaluations.
Demonstration of Electromagnetic Formation Flight and Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Porter Allison K. , Alinger Dustin J. , Sedwick Raymond J. , Merk John , Opperman Roedolph A. , Buck Alexander , Eslinger Gregory , Fisher Peter , Miller David W. , Bou Elisenda
Published: September 2014

The Resonant Inductive Near-Field Generation System uses a single set of hardware to perform both electromagnetic formation flight and wireless power transfer operations in a six-degree-of-freedom microgravity environment. The system serves primarily as a test bed for control algorithms, and operation onboard the International Space Station allows for more complicated and realistic algorithms to be tested. This offers an advantage compared with the restrictive, dynamic environment of flat floor facilities on the ground or the limited duration of reduced-gravity flights. The hardware attaches to the formation flight-test facility inside the International Space Station referred to as the Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites. Design and development of the support hardware and electronics, as well as some test results from ground testing, a parabolic flight campaign, and preliminary test sessions on the International Space Station are presented. Ground tests and the parabolic flight campaign results include preliminary inertia and thruster characterization of the combined Resonant Inductive Near-field Generation System/Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites assembly. Preliminary on-orbit test results include data demonstrating wireless power transfer of approximately 30% and qualitative observations of electromagnetic formation flight with one Resonant Inductive Near-Field Generation System unit restrained and the other unit free floating.
Physical Therapy for an Adult with Chronic Stroke after Botulinum Toxin Injection for Spasticity: A Case Report
Authors: Gallagher Shannon , Phadke Chetan P. , Ismail Farooq , Boulias Chris
Published: September 2014

Purpose: In this case report, we describe the type and duration of a physical therapy and botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) intervention directed at lower limb spasticity and the gait and balance improvement in a patient post-stroke. Treatment of focal spasticity with BoNTA intramuscular injections combined with physical therapy is recommended by rehabilitation experts. However, the optimal type and duration of physical therapy intervention to optimize any functional gains that follow chemodenervation induced by BoNTA has not been established. Method: One individual with chronic stroke who received BoNTA injections for upper and lower extremity spasticity was included. Physical therapy intervention consisted of 45- to 60-min sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks, based on the Bobath–neurodevelopmental therapy approach, and an activity-based home program. Results: After BoNTA injections and physical therapy, the patient made clinically significant improvements in balance and gait speed and became more independent with his ambulation. Conclusions: This case report demonstrates that physical therapy after BoNTA injections can result in significant functional improvements for individuals with spasticity after chronic stroke that may not be possible with BoNTA injections alone.
Jewish Space and the Beschneidungsdebatte in Germany
Authors: Oppenheim Jay (Koby)
Published: September 2014

The concept of Jewish space, initially conceived by Diana Pinto as a unique European development, marked a critical shift in relations between Jews and non-Jews, the latter embracing a Jewish past as constitutive of their countries' own. The hoped-for European multiculturalism failed to blossom and Jewish space, in Pinto's assessment, has not born the fruit of its potential. To investigate the shortfall of Jewish space, this article examines the 2012 debate on ritual male circumcision in Germany (Beschneidungsdebatte) that drew contemporary Jewish practice into the public eye. Pinto's formulation is premised on a multicultural society that actively works to blunt intolerance, a condition whose fulfilment in contemporary Europe remains incomplete and uneven. Moreover, this attempt to extend the integration of history into memory was stymied by its lack of a living subject. While Jews constitute a long-standing minority population with a unique history in Germany, their success in establishing a shared Jewish space is tied to the broader project of tolerance and integration facing immigrant and minority groups in Western Europe.
Co-prevalence of other tumors in patients harboring pituitary tumors
Authors: Couldwell William T. , Cannon-Albright Lisa A.
Published: September 2014

Object

The cause of most pituitary tumors remains unknown, although a genetic contribution is recognized for some. The prevalence of pituitary tumors in the general population is high. Analyzing the Utah Population Database (UPDB), the authors investigated the co-prevalence of other independent primary tumors in patients with known pituitary tumors, both benign and malignant, and in the relatives of these patients.

Methods

The authors identified individuals in the Utah Cancer Registry diagnosed with pituitary tumors who also had genealogy data in the UPDB and then calculated relative risks (RRs) of other tumors in these patients and their relatives.

Results

Among the 591 individuals with pituitary tumors, 16 (2.7%) had a malignant pituitary tumor and 77 (13%) had independent primary tumors of other origin. Overall, this is significantly higher than expected (70.6 expected, p = 0.009) within the general population (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.06–1.61). A significant excess for several different cancer sites was observed among the first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of the cases, including prostate and other cancers. Independent primary tumors at other sites have markedly elevated co-prevalence in patients harboring pituitary tumors and among their close and distant relatives.

Conclusions

This information will prove useful for counseling patients in whom pituitary tumors have been diagnosed and suggests strong genetic or environmental co-risks for the development of other tumors.
Using a 2-variable method in radionuclide shuntography to predict shunt patency
Authors: Thompson Eric M. , Wagner Kate , Kronfeld Kassi , Selden Nathan R.
Published: September 2014

Object

Radionuclide shuntography interpretation is uncertain when the tracer fails to enter the ventricles but quickly drains distally or when the tracer enters the ventricles but takes longer than 15 minutes to drain distally. The purpose of this study was to aid in the clinical interpretation of a variety of shuntography results and to determine the applicability of shuntography in different patient populations.

Methods

The results of 259 shuntograms were reviewed. Chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between clinical variables and shuntography results. Two-by-two binary classification analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 4 different combinatorial types of shuntography results based on 2 variables: ventricular tracer entry and distal tracer drainage.

Results

Median patient age was 19 years, and 51% of patients were male. The most common presentation in patients undergoing shuntography was headache (169/254, 66.5%) with radiographically stable ventricle size. Of 227 patients with available imaging data, 163 (71.8%) presented with the same ventricle size as shown on a previous asymptomatic scan, 43 (18.9%) had larger ventricles, and 21 (9.2%) had smaller ventricles. Within 30 days of shuntography, 74 of 259 patients (28.6%) underwent surgical shunt exploration: 65 were found to have an obstructed shunt and 9 were found to have a patent shunt. Of those patients not undergoing surgery, the median length of benign clinical follow-up was 1051 days. Clinical variables were not significantly associated with shuntography results, including valve type (p = 0.180), ventricle size (p = 0.556), age (p = 0.549), distal drainage site (p = 0.098), and hydrocephalus etiology (p = 0.937). Shuntography results of patients with myelomeningocele were not dissociable from those of the group as a whole. Sensitivity to diagnose shunt failure was lowest (37.5%) but specificity was highest (97.2%) when the definition of a “normal” shuntogram included any tracer movement into the distal site within 45 minutes. Conversely, sensitivity was highest (87.5%) and specificity was lowest (51.4%) when the definition was limited exclusively to tracer entry into the ventricles and distal drainage within 15 minutes.

Conclusions

Even with a stringent definition of a “normal” shuntogram, sensitivity and specificity were relatively low for a diagnostic test. Clinical variables such as valve type, ventricle size, patient age, distal drainage site, and etiology of hydrocephalus were not associated with shuntography results.
Factors Affecting Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Environmental Degradation and Climate Change Effects: A Farm Level Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammed , Bokelmann Wolfgang , Entsminger Jason
Published: September 2014

Offering a case study of coastal Bangladesh, this study examines the adaptation of agriculturalists to degrading environmental conditions likely to be caused or exacerbated under global climate change. It examines four central components: (1) the rate of self-reported adoption of adaptive mechanisms (coping strategies) as a result of changes in climate; (2) ranking the potential coping strategies based on their perceived importance to agricultural enterprises; (3) identification the socio-economic factors associated with adoption of coping strategies, and (4) ranking potential constraints to adoption of coping strategies based on farmers’ reporting on the degree to which they face these constraints. As a preliminary matter, this paper also reports on the perceptions of farmers in the study about their experiences with climatic change. The research area is comprised of three villages in the coastal region (Sathkhira district), a geographic region which climate change literature has highlighted as prone to accelerated degradation. One-hundred (100) farmers participated in the project’s survey, from which the data was used to calculate weighted indexes for rankings and to perform logistic regression. The rankings, model results, and descriptive statistics, are reported here. Results showed that a majority of the farmers self-identified as having engaged in adaptive behavior. Out of 14 adaptation strategies, irrigation ranked first among farm adaptive measures, while crop insurance has ranked as least utilized. The logit model explained that out of eight factors surveyed, age, education, family size, farm size, family income, and involvement in cooperatives were significantly related to self-reported adaptation. Despite different support and technological interventions being available, lack of available water, shortage of cultivable land, and unpredictable weather ranked highest as the respondent group’s constraints to coping with environmental degradation and change effects. These results provide policy makers and development service providers with important insight, which can be used to better target interventions which build promote or facilitate the adoption of coping mechanisms with potential to build resiliency to changing climate and resulting environmental impacts.
Progress in the Prediction of Entropy Generation in Turbulent Reacting Flows Using Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Safari Mehdi , Hadi Fatemeh , Sheikhi M.
Published: September 2014

An overview is presented of the recent developments in the application of large eddy simulation (LES) for prediction and analysis of local entropy generation in turbulent reacting flows. A challenging issue in such LES is subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling of filtered entropy generation terms. An effective closure strategy, recently developed, is based on the filtered density function (FDF) methodology with inclusion of entropy variations. This methodology, titled entropy FDF (En-FDF), is the main focus of this article. The En-FDF has been introduced as the joint velocity-scalar-turbulent frequency-entropy FDF and the marginal scalar-entropy FDF. Both formulations contain the chemical reaction and its entropy generation effects in closed forms. The former constitutes the most comprehensive form of the En-FDF and provides closure for all of the unclosed terms in LES transport equations. The latter is the marginal En-FDF and accounts for entropy generation effects, as well as scalar-entropy statistics. The En-FDF methodologies are described, and some of their recent predictions of entropy statistics and entropy generation in turbulent shear flows are presented.
Ilex paraguariensis Extract Increases Lifespan and Protects Against the Toxic Effects Caused by Paraquat in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lima Maria , Colpo Ana , Salgueiro Willian , Sardinha Guilherme , Ávila Daiana , Folmer Vanderlei
Published: September 2014

Recent studies have shown that phenolic compounds present in yerba mate have antioxidant defense properties. To verify whether Ilex paraguariensis extracts are capable of increasing the lifespan of an organism, we have used the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Notably, this is the first study that analyzes the effects of the extracts of yerba mate obtained from an extraction method that mimics the manner that the plant is consumed by the population by using a live organism. Yerba mate was purchased from commercial markets from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Ilex paraguariensis extracts significantly increased the life span of C. elegans. Moreover, the extracts reduced the ROS levels per se, and protected from the reduced survival and reproduction rate induced by paraquat exposure. Considering molecular aspects, we observed that the worms pretreated with the extracts depicted higher translocation of the transcription factor DAF-16::GFP to the nucleus. However, there was no increase in the levels of the DAF-16 target genes, SOD-3 and catalase. Our results suggest that the increase of lifespan caused by the different extracts is associated to the antioxidant potential of yerba mate, however this effect is not completely mediated by daf-16.
A Model for Institutional Infrastructure to Support Digital Scholarship
Authors: Wolski Malcolm , Richardson Joanna
Published: September 2014

There is a driving imperative for new knowledge, approaches and technologies to empower scholarship, especially in emerging areas of inquiry. Sources of information now extend beyond the written word to include a wide range of born-digital objects. This paper examines the changing landscape in which digital scholars find, collaborate, create and process information and, as a result, scholarship is being transformed. It discusses the key elements required to build an institutional infrastructure, which will not only support new practices but also integrate scholarly literature into emerging and evolving models that generate true digital scholarship. The paper outlines some of the major impediments in implementing such a model, as well as suggestions on how to overcome these barriers.
Needs Assessment of an Ethnic Chinese Community in Japan
Authors: Chen Li-Mei
Published: September 2014

This study is a needs assessment of ethnic Chinese older adults in Japan. The Delphi method was applied to identify the needs addressed by the focus groups. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model guided the examination of the community’s political, economic and social environment in satisfying the needs of older community members. The needs were matched with a city’s Health, Welfare, and Long-term Care Insurance Program Plan seeking to identify differences between ethnic Chinese and Japanese community members. Most of the needs were similar to those of the Japanese citizens, but there were a few issues related to financial and cultural needs that were unique to the ethnic Chinese group.
Sens et emplois de τὸ ὄρος dans les documents papyrologiques
Authors: Cadell Hélène , Rémondon Roger
Published: September 2014

Les sens de τό ὄρος dans les papyrus d'Egypte peuvent être classés de la manière suivante. I. Sens géographique : a) montagnes, plateaux désertiques du désert arabique ou du désert libyque ; b) élévation désertique en bordure de la vallée ; nécropole ; c) approches du désert par opposition au plat pays de la vallée. II. Sens religieux (à l'époque byzantine) : a) monastère situé sur la bordure, désertique ou non, du territoire d'une ville ou d'un village ; b) désert, où se concentrent les établissements monastiques.
Le domaine grec moderne et les études néohelléniques en France depuis un siècle
Authors: Mirambel André
Published: September 2014

Les études néohelléniques étaient déjà développées en France lorsque fut fondée notre Association. Le grec moderne, avec ses sources postclassiques et médiévales, a trouvé tout naturellement place à l'intérieur du domaine hellénique. Il s'enseigne aujourd'hui à Paris et dans plusieurs Facultés de province. A l'étude philologique, qui fut la première et qui s'est poursuivie, s'est ajoutée l'étude linguistique, bénéficiant du développement moderne de la science du langage.
EFFICIENT EDGE EMPHASIZED MAMMOGRAM IMAGE ENHANCEMENT FOR DETECTION OF MICROCALCIFICATION
Authors: Sundaram M. , Ramar K. , Arumugam N. , Prabin G.
Published: September 2014

An efficient detection of microcalcification based on edge enhancement using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is presented in this paper. The proposed method is implemented by separating the wavelet coefficients into weak and strong edge coefficients for effective detection of microcalcification. Identification of strong and weak edge locations corresponding to microcalcification is obtained by allowing the input image through appropriate filters before wavelet decomposition. Before reconstructing the output image, the strong and weak edge coefficients are modified based on the energy of the coefficients. The reconstructed image exhibits a better enhancement with the fine detail components of microcalcification than the original mammogram image. Standard Mias mammogram database images and clinical mammograms are used for testing and comparing subjective and objective measures of the mammogram images. A comparative study is made with the existing state-of-the-art edge enhancement and contrast enhancement methods and results are encouraging. The edge emphasizing ability of the proposed method is highly proficient in detection of microcalcification from the mammogram.
A MIDAS Simulation Analysis of a Pile Cap’s Pipe Cooling Technology
Authors: Lin Meng Kai , Li Hai Lian
Published: September 2014

Taking the concrete pouring for a passenger station’s pile cap as the research background, the paper establishes a model of pile cap’s hydration heat, by using the finite element software MIDAS. The paper also studies the main parameters and the temperature field theory which affect the hydration heat. It indicates that the pipe cooling method can significantly reduce the temperature difference between the inside and the outside when pouring massive concretes, and it is an effective way to prevent the generation of cracks.
Gearless Continuously Variable Transmission Technology and its Application in Wind Power Generation
Authors: Qian Jin Gui , Zhou Si Jia , Huang Ji Bao , Zhao Ke Gang
Published: September 2014

Based on gearless continuously variable transmission technology, a cascaded wind power generation system with Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) is presented in this paper. The system has combined the advantages of doubly-fed and direct-drive wind power generation system. The raising-speed gear box has been done away with, and the system reliability has been improved. Reducing the power capacity of the aspects of the variable frequency speed regulation, the function of grid-connected electricity generation can be achieved with less cost. Synchronous generator directly connects to grid, which helps to optimize power quality. The topological structure of system is discussed in this paper, and its operating principle is analyzed, revealing its characteristics and engineering application prospects.
Integrated Simulation and Structure Optimization of Rigid-Flexible Coupling Mechanical Leg Based on PATRAN, NASTRAN and ADAMS
Authors: Zhao Wen Tao , Li Yong Zheng , Wang Sen
Published: September 2014

According to the requirements of light weight, low-energy and short development period under the conditions that leg mobile robots exert high movement adaptability, high speed and high load capacity, integrated simulation and structure optimization of rigid-flexible coupling mechanical leg are proposed based on PATRAN, NASTRAN and ADAMS. Firstly, .bdf file is obtained via PATRAN. Secondly, MNF is acquired via NASTRAN. Thirdly, the rigid-flexible coupling mechanical leg is established, the motion of mechanical leg based on the trajectory planning is implemented, and integrated simulation is completed via ADAMS. Finally, Structure optimization is processed step-by-step and completed whenever intermediate structure meets the stress and strain requirements. The example is presented that illustrates advantages of the proposed method.
Design and Research of Industrial Robot Control Base on CNC Platform
Authors: Gao Fei , Guo Xiang Dong , Xia Wen Sheng
Published: September 2014

In the pipeline for connecting rod body and the rod bushing assembly processes, still using manual complete, so the labor intensity is relatively large, the production efficiency is low. With the rapid development of CNC technology, digital technology is moving towards high-precision, high-speed, high flexibility, high reliability and composite direction of development, there are many new knowledge, new technologies, new processes and new methods. Meanwhile CNC system is the CNC technology foundation and core. Through CNC system for the robot's control to the assembly point in real time capture technology to reduce labor intensity, improve labor productivity.
Rolling Bearing Safety Region Estimation Based on Information Entropy
Authors: Sun Hao Jun , Zhang Lei , Qin Yong
Published: September 2014

The basic idea of safety region is introduced into roller bearing condition monitoring. Power Spectral Entropy, Singular value Entropy are used comprehensively for the estimation of the safety region and the identification of normal state and faulty state for the roller bearing operational status. First, the vibration acceleration data was segmented according to a certain time interval and then establish Power Spectral Entropy, Singular value Entropy as characteristics of roller bearings. Finally, SVM was used for the estimation of the safety region of the roller bearing operation state, and multi-class SVM was used of the identification of the four states. The results show that both the safety region estimation and state identification are accurate, and confirm the validity of the method.
The Optimization Algorithm of Association Rules Mining
Authors: Liu Zhen Yu , Song Zhi Hui , Yan Rui Qing , Zhang Zeng
Published: September 2014

Frequent itemsets mining is the core part of association rule mining. At present most of the research on association rules mining is focused on how to improve the efficiency of mining frequent itemsets , however, the rule sets generated from frequent itemsets are the final results presented to decision makers for making, so how to optimize the rulesets generation process and the final rules is also worthy of attention. Based on encoding the dataset, this paper proposes a encoding method to speed up the generation process of frequent itemsets and proposes a subset tree to generate association rules which can simplify the generation process of rules and narrow the rulesets presented to decision makers.
Flow-Induced Noise Simulation Based on LES/Lighthill Hybrid Method
Authors: Zhang Yong Ou , Zhang Tao , Li Tian Yun
Published: September 2014

A hybrid numerical method of combining Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy theory is utilized to simulate the flow-induced noise at low Mach numbers. The aerodynamic noise generated by flow through a cavity, which is similar to a valve, is simulated and the results are validated by comparing with the open literature. In the simulation, the turbulent flow is computed with LES. After this, the flow field simulation results are used to compute the flow-induced noise with Lighthill’s acoustic analogy theory based on the commercial software ACTRAN. Finally, the simulation results of the flow-induced noise, including the sound pressure level and the peak frequencies, are analyzed and compared with experimental data. It is validated that the hybrid method of combining LES and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy theory used in this paper is feasible and reliable in engineering applications.
Analysis to Data Processing Method in Differential Barometric Altimeter
Authors: Hu Zheng Qun
Published: September 2014

Differential barometric altimeter is with good accuracy in positioning system. There is different elevation accuracy with one type sensor under different filtering models. We compare application performance between the variable weighted Kalman filter and the least-squares fitting of data processing in the differential barometric altimetry system. Experiments show that Kalman filtering is more suitable for measuring high dynamic model and least-squares fitting way is more suitable in a static altimeter model.
The Design and Realization of Web-Based Department Office Management Information System
Authors: Xie Jian Hua , Xiao Jian Hua
Published: September 2014

This paper in view of the needs for network management t in Jiangmen Vocational Technical College Information Technology Department, a "Web-based department-level office management information system." is to be developed. The system applies the B/S structure and popular ASP.NET techniques. Functions concern administrations of personal, education, scientific projects, and student information. The system has many advanced features like multi-level users, high security, etc. The system uses a three-tier structure model and modular method, achieving operational statistics and statements functions,to meet the users at all levels access to information requests. The system can meet the teachers management unit needs and to improve office efficiency and Advance higher education "paperless office" process.
Estimate the Residual Life of the Tank Corrosion
Authors: Yu Xiao , Lin Qi An
Published: September 2014

In this paper, according to the corrosion data of sample size, using the finite polyline instead of the corrosion relation curve approximately, the calculation of the remaining life of the tank corrosion defects is simplified based on the corrosion relation curve of the storage tank corrosion depth and the service time. The proposed method of residual life prediction has a reference value for determine the tank maintenance.
Pollution Loss Rate Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Paddy Field with Sewage Irrigation in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Hu Mian Hao , Yuan Ju Hong , Lai Chu Tian
Published: September 2014

Taking paddy field sewage irrigated area in Guixi as an examples, pollution lost rate method was applied to pollution assessment of soil heavy metals. The results showed that the average single pollution lost rate of the soil heavy metals was in the order of Cu>Cd>Pb>Zn>As, and the average single pollution lost rates of Cu and Cd are higher than that of other metals, so the integrated pollution lost rate of the metals in any sample site is contributed by them. From the comprehensive pollution lost rate, most sample sites reached the intermediate level ( IV level) , and accounted for 76. 93% of the total sample sites. most of the samples are moderately polluted (IV level), accounting for 50% of the total number of sample sites, The sample sites of No5 and No6 are slightly polluted (III level), accounting for 33%, and only No1 are heavily polluted (Vlevel), accounting for 16.67% of the total sample sites. As a result, the pollution lost rate method manifested more resolving power in the serious pollution index of the soil.
Facile Synthesis of Conical Arrays with Broadband Antireflective Property
Authors: Zhang Wen Yan , Hao Ling Yun , Lu Chun Hua , Feng Chun Hua , Lin Qin , Xu Zhong Zi , Jin Jun Yang
Published: September 2014

Conical arrays of polydimethyl siloxane were fabricated by duplicating the morphology of needle tips. The prepared cones have periodic order and regular shape, with the bottom diameter of about 80 μm and height of about 250 μm. Due to their special structure, the conical arrays of polydimethyl siloxane exhibited broadband anti-reflective property. Compared with smooth surface, they could reduce the reflection of incident electromagnetic wave at ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared region. The specular reflectance was lower than 0.75% in the range of 250-2600 nm. The prepared PDMS cones have potential to be applied for antireflective devices. The method was simple for mass production of PDMS cones at low cost.
Investigations on Belt Grinding of GH4169 Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Xiao Gui Jian , Huang Yun , Chen Gui Lin , Liu Zhi Wu , Liu Xiu Mei
Published: September 2014

The majority of aero-engine components are designed and manufactured with nickel-based superalloy GH4169 in mind. There is little information available in the literature related to belt grinding processes of aero-engine components. Up to now, limited research has been reported in the use of belt for grinding aero-engine components made of nickel-based superalloy GH4169. A case study of an abrasive belt grinding performance applied on nickel-based superalloy GH4169 in manufacturing processes is presented, aiming to investigate the possibility of using belt grinding as a operation for components made of nickel-based superalloy GH4169. For the ‘optimised’ grinding conditions, the belt service life is evaluated by changing grinding parameters (grinding speed, contact force and oscillation frequency), and the following output measures are obtained: material removal, belt wear and grinding ratio. As a result, the maximum grinding ratio of G is 8.8, it could be concluded that belt grinding might be considered as a viable process for grinding aero-engine components.
An Experimental Study on Single Point Diamond Turning of an Unpolished Silicon Wafer via Micro-Laser Assisted Machining
Authors: Mohammadi Hossein , Poyraz H. Bogac , Ravindra Deepak , Patten John A.
Published: September 2014

Single Pointe Diamond Turning (SPDT) of silicon can be an extremely abrasive process due to the hardness of this material. In this research SPDT is coupled with the micro-laser assisted machining (μ-LAM) technique to machine an unpolished single crystal silicon (Si) wafer. Si is increasingly being used for industrial applications as it is hard, strong, inert, light weight and has great optical and electrical properties. Manufacturing this material without causing surface and subsurface damage is extremely challenging due to its high hardness, brittle characteristics and poor machinability. However, ductile regime machining of Si is possible due to the high pressure phase transformation (HPPT) occurring in the material caused by the high compressive and shear stresses induced by the single point diamond tool tip. The μ-LAM system is used to preferentially heat and thermally soften the workpiece material in contact with a diamond cutting tool. Different outputs such as surface roughness (Ra, Rz) and depth of cuts (DoC) for different set of experiments with and without laser were analyzed. Results show that an unpolished surface of a Si wafer can be machined in two passes to get a very good surface finish.
Blind Hole Machining of Quartz Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites by Helical Milling with Electroplated Diamond Tool
Authors: Gao Hang , Zhao T. , Bao Yong Jie , Sun Chao , Lu S.X.
Published: September 2014

Quartz fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites have poor thermal conductivity yet high fiber hardness that make them difficult for machining. Especially for drilling of blind hole, the cutting heat can not be conducted away from the semi-enclosed hole quickly, which may result in serious tool abrasion and poor machined quality. Experimental research on helical milling process was carried out, specifically on the machining of Φ8mm blind hole. Exploiting grinding mechanism, self-developed electroplated diamond trepanning tool was used. The experimental results show that the helical milling method exhibit advantages e.g. reducing cutting force, improving cutting heat dissipation and achieving good hole quality.
A Study on Erosion of Alumina Wafer in Abrasive Water Jet Machining
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhu Hong Tao , Huang Chuan Zhen , Wang Jun , Yao Peng , Zhang Zhong Wei
Published: September 2014

Abrasive water jet machining is considered as a promising technique in hard and brittle material processing. This paper studies the erosion performance of the alumina ceramics in the different process parameters. In the erosion experiments, alumina ceramics wafers were eroded by the abrasive waterjet machining. The single factor experiments were carried out to understand the effect of different process parameters (jet impact angle, standoff distance, water pressure, abrasive particle diameter) on the material removal rate (MRR), the removal depth and surface roughness (Ra). The experimental results can provide guidance for alumina ceramics abrasive water jet cutting and polishing.
An Explorative Study of Fabrication of Al-Based Matrix Diamond Grinding Wheels by Vacuum Evaporative Pattern Casting
Authors: Dai Qiu Lian , You Fang Yi , Luo Can Bin
Published: September 2014

The possibility of using the new processing technique of vacuum evaporative pattern casting (V-EPC) process to fabricate the Al-Si based bonded diamond grinding wheels was explored in this paper. Distribution of diamond grits in the diamond/EPS composite pattern and in the grinding layer of the cast of the grinding wheel were analyzed. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the metal bonds and diamond composites fabricated by V-EPC process were studied. It is confirmed that thermal damage of the diamond grits did not occur. Strong bonding between metal bond and diamond grits can be produced. However, the uniformity of the distribution of diamond grits in the metal matrix should be further improved. Also, further hardening on the metal bond is necessity by trying other kinds of aluminum alloys.
Wear of Diamond Wheel in Groove Grinding of Cemented Carbide - Influences of Speed Ratio and Nitrogen Gas Dissolved Coolant
Authors: Horiuchi Osamu , Samura Takashi , Uno Takeshi , Itazu Takeshi , Ito Norihito , Shibata Takayuki , Masuda Masami
Published: September 2014

This paper describes on the experimental results of diamond wheel wear in groove grinding of cemented carbide. The speed ratio of grinding was widely changed. Square grooves and 90 degree V-grooves were ground. The square grooves were ground by using a resin-bonded diamond wheel and the V-grooves were by a vitrified diamond wheel. At first, a water-based coolant was used, but afterward, to investigate a possibility of nitrogen to suppress the wear of wheel, nitrogen gas was dissolved into the water-based coolant. The main results obtained are as follows, (1) The wheel wear increases as the speed ratio decreases, (2) The average grinding forces is almost independent from the grinding conditions but those at the lowest speed ratio are fairly large, (3) The influence of nitrogen gas dissolved coolant is small, but in a case of V-shape grinding at a middle speed ratio there found a considerable decrease of wheel wear.
Performance of Strong Alkali Ion Water in Cutting and Grinding Applications
Authors: Iwai Manabu , Hashimoto Hideaki , Yamada Masahide , Yamada Haruhisa , Suzuki Kiyoshi
Published: September 2014

Recent years, use of the strong alkali ion water produced by electrolyzing high purity water (RO water) with addition of a small amount of electrolyte (potassium carbonate) is becoming widely used as a substitutable cleaning liquid in place of organic solvent which is said to exert a bad influence on the environment. The authors have been conducting a research to apply this strong alkali ion water (pH12 or so) to a working fluid for material removal processing. This is to cope with various problems relating to the existing water-soluble working fluid such as coolant putridity and the associated deterioration of factory environments and increased disposal costs of working fluids as well as to improve machining efficiency and tool life. In this study, the authors would like to describe how the working fluid consisting of water-soluble lubricant diluted with the strong alkali ion water contributes to an improvement of the factory environment and verify experimentally that the said fluid could improve the tool life by 1.2 to several times. In addition, a factor contributing to the improvement of material removal characteristics has been found to be the fact that the friction resistance of the said fluid containing the strong alkali ion water is as low as 2/3~1/2 of that of the fluid diluted with the city water.
Development of Axially Splitting Method for the Pipe Materials with the Cutting Tool
Authors: Nakanishi Eitoku , Hyono Masayuki , Maki Seijiro
Published: September 2014

A simple processing method for splitting pipes in the axial direction using a cutting tool was investigated. The special tool developed in this study was pressed into the pipes in the axial direction, and the pipes were split very smoothly without any lubricant. This cutting method did not form fine chips, did not produce a significant heat effect on the inner wall surface. The splitting experiment was carried out with pipes constructed of aluminum and stainless steel. The outer diameters of the pipes were approximately 50 mm, and the thicknesses of the wall varied from 1 to 3 mm. The aluminum pipes were split very smooth by the tool, and curled strip-shaped chips were created by the splitting. On the other hand, the stainless pipes were greatly deformed, making them difficult to cut. Therefore, it was necessary to prevent deformation of the pipe by attaching an outer tool. The outer tool made it possible to cut stainless steel pipes.
Investigation of the Surface-Modification Effect by Oil-Immersion Treatment on Carbide Tool
Authors: Shizuka Hiroo , Sakai Katsuhiko , Iwakura Kazumasa
Published: September 2014

This paper describes the effect of oil-immersion treatment on the surfaces of cutting tools. In this study, the ‘oil-immersion treatment’ refers to the modification of the tool’s surface by immersing the tool in a treatment solution and heating under pressure. Our previous study demonstrated that such treatment reduces the wear on cutting tools. In this study, the effect of oil-immersion treatment on a carbide cutting tool was investigated by EPMA (electron probe microanalysis) and XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EPMA examination revealed that oil-immersion treatment reduces the amount of cobalt on the tool’s surface and forms sulphur deposits. XPS analysis of the chemical bonds on the surfaces revealed the presence of cobalt sulphide and inorganic carbon. In addition, friction tests showed that the oil-immersion treatment reduces the friction coefficient of the tool.
Face Milling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Using Poly Crystalline Diamond Tool
Authors: Kusuyama Jumpei , Yui Akinori , Kitajima Takayuki , Itoh Yosuke
Published: September 2014

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) is a high-strength and high-elastic-modulus composite material that is hardened by impregning carbon fiber with epoxy resin. Although, many sutdies of hole drilling of CFRP have been conducted, few sutdies of face milling of CFRP have been carried out. Face milling is necessary for surfaceing of aerospace parts, which is indispensable for airplane construction. Machining of CFRP is difficult because of the extreme tool wear and delamination that occur. The authors investigated face milling of CFRP using a newly developed Poly Crystalline Diamond (PCD) tool. The resultts show, that the cutting force and surface roughness are affected by the fiber orientation of the CFRP, and that delamination can easily occur in the outer layer of face-nilled CFRP.