bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NANO FAT THERAPY- A BOON TO REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Authors: Aftab Dr. Aafreen
Published: June 2024

The chapter "Nanofat Therapy: A Boon to Regenerative Medicine" explores the cutting-edge field of nanofat therapy and its revolutionary impact on regenerative medicine. Nanofat, a specialized form of adipose tissue, has gained prominence for its unique regenerative properties and its potential applications in various medical fields. This chapter delves into the science behind nanofat therapy, its extraction methods, and its versatile applications in tissue regeneration.This chapter also emphasizes the transformative impact of nanofat therapy on regenerative medicine, highlighting its potential to redefine treatment approaches and outcomes across a spectrum of medical disciplines. As ongoing research continues to unravel the full extent of nanofat therapy's capabilities, this chapter provides a timely overview of its current state, paving the way for future advancements in regenerative medicine.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CHIA SEEDS: NUTRIENT AND PHYTONUTRIENT PROFILE AND ITS AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS
Authors: Ghosh Anindita
Published: June 2024

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica), a nutraceutical food is a harbour of both macro nutrient (protein 18 -24%, fibre 30-34 %) and micro nutrients, especially antioxidants like polyphenols and other phenolic compounds, dietary fibre, omega 3 fatty acids and are found to be having therapeutic benefits especially in controlling and management of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hepatic steatosis. The anti- inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-ageing function of chia seeds accelerates the immunity, digestion and improves overall health keeping the recent life style disorders at bay. Chia seed has earned the moniker "super food" due to its positive health implications, which have attracted the attention of numerous food sectors. A comprehensive overview of nutritional content, phytonutrient profile, and the ameliorative effects of chia seeds on disease prevention and management such as cardioprotective, diabetes-controlling, immune-boosting, and antioxidant action is included in the current review paper.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Jyotsna Thamminana , Durga Venkat Hemu Y. , B Shanthi , Swathi D.
Published: June 2024

Because of its multiple applications in industries like health, medicines, catalysis, energy, and materials, nanotechnology has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Numerous uses for these nanoparticles with surface areas ranging from 1 to 100 nm are conceivable. Nowadays, sustainable agriculture is required. Nanochemicals have been used as potential agents for insecticides, fertilizers, and plant growth. Nanomaterials have now a days used as an alternate approach for controlling insects, fungus, and weeds. As antimicrobial agents in food packaging, a range of nanomaterials are used, with silver nanoparticles being among the most sought-after. Aside from their antibacterial properties, nanoparticles consisting of carbon nanotubes Ag, TiO2, CeO2, Zn, ZnO, Fe, Cu, Si and Al have been demonstrated to have certain deleterious effects on plant growth. Nanoparticles play an important role in food sector in producing high-quality, nutritional meals.
ABIOTIC DISORDERS OF CULTIVATED CROPS
Authors: Bahadur Amar
Published: June 2024

Abiotic disorders are linked with non-living causal factors as a result of one or more factors viz., space for root growth, presence of air, water pollutants, temperature, drought, salinity, mineral toxicity, presence of moisture, heat, light, soil pH, and nutrients are limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide and can spread from plant to plant. Crops are continuously threatened by abiotic stresses to world agriculture productivity. Abiotic disorders can reduce plant health, even kill plants, and affect farmers' livelihoods, national economies and food security. Abiotic diseases don’t show the presence of disease signs, and it is difficult to diagnose as it's a necessary step in managing the diseases. The damage caused by abiotic factors is very similar to that caused by biotic agents. Abiotic stresses change the interactions and enhance host plant susceptibility to pathogenic organisms. Plants defend against abiotic stress in their roots, reactive oxygen species and stress hormones interacting with signaling pathways. The abscisic acid hormone is involved in many abiotic stresses. The crop yield reduces gradually due to various factors and necessary to diagnose the factors in crops that cause disorders for management and enhance their productivity.
RAINWATER HARVESTING FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Abraham Marykutty , Priyadarshini B.
Published: June 2024

The increasing demand for water to feed the ever-expanding population and the higher standard of living have led to a global problem of water scarcity. Groundwater is the main source of freshwater for the expanding domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors of the country. As it becomes more necessary to battle climate change, conserving water has a definite impact on a sustainable environment. Rainwater harvesting is simple technique with relatively low storage and maintenance costs. This can significantly help to mitigate the negative effects of increasing water scarcity caused by declining groundwater levels, lessen urban flooding, and preserve water supply in water-scarce places. Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater before it disperses as surface runoff. A rainwater harvesting system typically collects and stores water that runs off a roof surface. Rainwater can be collected and stored on surface tanks, or it may be conveyed underground to recharge groundwater. Surface runoff harvesting is most suitable in hilly and urban areas. Groundwater recharge is favorable, if there are sufficient favorable strata available to hold water. It is the most effective and sustainable method of managing water and it also opens up a wide range of other economic opportunities that empower people at the grassroots level. Rainwater harvesting is crucial for global water management in the 21st century.
TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE: THE RISE OF SMART FARMING
Authors: Tyagi Manjusha , Kumar Arun , Guleri Saurabh , Gaurav Naveen
Published: June 2024

Smart farming, also known as precision agriculture, is a modern agricultural approach that leverages advanced technologies, data analytics, and automation to optimize various aspects of farming operations. This abstract provides an overview of the key components and benefits associated with smart farming. Smart farming integrates cutting-edge technologies such as sensors, drones, GPS systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices to collect real-time data on various environmental and agricultural parameters. This data is then analyzed using advanced algorithms and artificial intelligence to make informed decisions and improve farming practices. One of the primary objectives of smart farming is to enhance resource efficiency. Through precise monitoring and control of factors like soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, farmers can optimize irrigation, fertilization, and pesticide application, reducing resource wastage and environmental impact. Automation plays a crucial role in smart farming, with autonomous vehicles and machinery being employed for tasks like planting, harvesting, and pest control. This not only reduces labor requirements but also enhances efficiency and productivity. Data-driven decision-making is a hallmark of smart farming. Farmers can access real-time information about their crops and livestock, enabling them to respond promptly to changing conditions and make informed choices about crop selection, planting times, and breeding strategies. Smart farming also promotes sustainability by minimizing the use of chemicals, conserving water, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It allows for precise management of resources, which is especially important in the face of climate change and increasing global food demand. Furthermore, smart farming contributes to better risk management by providing early warnings for potential issues such as disease outbreaks or adverse weather conditions. This proactive approach can mitigate losses and improve yield predictability. In conclusion, smart farming represents a transformative shift in agriculture, harnessing the power of technology and data to optimize farming practices, improve resource efficiency, and promote sustainability. It offers the potential to address the challenges of feeding a growing global population while minimizing the environmental impact of agriculture.
ERGONOMICS: A HUMAN FACTOR APPROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARMERS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Kumar Vinay
Published: June 2024

Agriculture is mostly documented as the country's most dangerous industry, and with high rates of musculoskeletal and whole-body disorders that include several risk factors agricultural workplaces have very little history of using ergonomic methods. Agriculture considers ergonomics a very important subject because it is an interdisciplinary science that tends to align between work and workers to safeguard the health and safety of an individual farmer. It can help to determine which methods are in place to carry out agricultural work that will not only stabilize but will improve working conditions for workers with a few small convenient steps. However, more collaboration is needed among engineers, ergonomics experts, physicians, and manufacturers in terms of creating new ergonomic technologies and raising employee sanity about risk factors.
LAND TENURE SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Singh Archana , Shweta Thakur Dr.
Published: June 2024

Land tenure systems play a crucial role in shaping agricultural development, affecting the use, ownership, and transfer of land resources. This research paper examines various land tenure systems from a legal perspective and analyses their impact on agricultural development. By exploring different legal frameworks, historical contexts, and case studies, this paper aims to shed light on how land tenure systems influence agricultural productivity, investment, and sustainability. The findings highlight the significance of implementing appropriate legal mechanisms to support farmers and promote sustainable agricultural development. The paper begins by providing a comprehensive overview of various land tenure systems, ranging from traditional communal arrangements to modern private ownership structures. Each system's historical context, legal underpinnings, and practical implications for agricultural development are examined. Special attention is given to the challenges arising from customary land tenure practices and the integration of formal and informal legal systems. It highlights the importance of establishing coherent and supportive legal frameworks that empower farmers, promote investment, and contribute to the sustainable growth of the agricultural sector and rural communities. By considering the legal dimension of land tenure, policymakers and stakeholders can chart a path towards more inclusive and resilient agricultural development strategies.
INFLUENCE OF ESSENTIAL OIL AS HONEY BEES ATTRACTANT ON SEED YIELD OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA)
Authors: Gayen N , Ansary S. H , Sarkar B , Tamang S , Saha S , Biswas B
Published: June 2024

Low productivity of onion seed due to lesser visit of honey bees is a prominent problem for onion growers in Hooghly district of West Bengal. A field trial was carried out at Instructional Farm of Hooghly Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chinsurah, Hooghly during 2021-22 to study the influence of some essential oils performing as honey bees attractant on seed yield of onion. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and five treatments. The treatments consisted of spraying of four different essential oils twice at 5-10% flowering and 50 % flowering stage viz. T-1) 0.1% Lemon grass oil, T2) 0.1% Lavender oil T3) 0.5% Fennel seed oil and T4) 0.5% Coriander seed oil along with control treatment i.e. T-5) No spray of essential oil. It has been observed that application of 0.5% Coriander seed oil was able to attract significantly highest honey bees per plants per min (3.6) and produced significantly highest seeds per umbel (673.8) and seed yield (6.63q/ha) as compared to other treatments.
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Authors: Paled Manjunatha P , Shanmuka Adupa , N Rakesh , Kumar Puneeth
Published: June 2024

Groundnut, often known as peanut, is a significant oilseed crop farmed worldwide for its oil, food, and feed. In 2021-22, global groundnut production is 50.76 million tonnes with China being the leading producer and India being the second largest producer. In India total production tally is 10.1 million tonnes with Gujarat topping the list. Even being an important oilseed crop, it has been facing various challenges namely significant decline in area, production in all tradition Groundnut growing states barring West Bengal and Rajasthan. This is owed to some of the factors like uneven distribution and late on-set of monsoon, relative profitability of competitive crops, high cost of cultivation due to higher wage of human labour, lack of cost-effective mechanization, severe incidence of pests like root grubs etc. It is estimated that out of 437 groundnut growing districts of 15 major states of India, 174 districts are in the category Low Area and High Yield where there is scope of area expansion through comprehensive efforts, 9 districts fall in the category of High Area and Low Yield where there is a scope for varietal and other technological intervention and 242 districts belong to category Low Area & Low Yield where there is a possibility of both area expansion and technology intervention by the concerned organisations. Since India is heavily dependent on imports of edible oils, it can reduce import burden by increasing domestic production through multi-faceted approaches.
UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Sharma Hemant Kumar , Arun Kumar Dr. , Konga Upendar Dr.
Published: June 2024

The potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in precision agriculture manifests as a paradigm shift in modern agricultural practices. Through the convergence of AI algorithms, sensor technologies, and geospatial data, a dynamic framework emerges that enables localized and informed decision-making. AI-driven predictive models offer insights into crop health, disease outbreaks, and yield projections, guiding interventions for optimized resource allocation. The fusion of AI with autonomous machinery heralds a new era of efficiency, as automated systems meticulously execute tasks like seeding, irrigation, and harvesting. The augmentation of traditional farming wisdom with AI-derived insights enhances sustainability by reducing input wastage and mitigating environmental impacts. This book chapter provides a concise and insightful overview of the crucial role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in revolutionizing agriculture. With a focus on data collection and management for informed decision-making, it examines cutting-edge AI approaches and technologies used in farming. The chapter examines the diverse applications of AI in crop production, including precision agriculture, efficient livestock management and early disease detection. The chapter encourages readers to embrace AI's transformative potential by addressing problems and providing real-world case studies of successful AI implementations in farming. Ultimately, AI's integration into agriculture holds the promise of increased productivity and sustainable food production, paving the way for a more prosperous and resilient future for the agricultural industry.
NSKE (NEEM SEED KERNEL EXTRACT) ON SOLANUM NIGER - ORGANIC PESTICIDE
Authors: R. Muralidharan Dr. , R Rajarajan
Published: June 2024

The market is flooded with chemical pesticides a need for a natural which is more promising than a chemical one. Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) is a potential pesticide currently used at a dosage of 1 litre/sqhectar. Increases the yield and controls the disease infections a plant tonic.
POULTRY NUTRITION STRATEGIES: MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Chaudhary Sachin , Ravina Ms. , Choudhary Anil , Suvidhi Ms.
Published: June 2024

The evolution of poultry nutrition has been driven by a quest for efficient production that aligns with environmental sustainability. Poultry, encompassing a range of domestic avian species, plays a pivotal role in meeting global demands for meat and eggs. The foundation of poultry nutrition rests on fundamental nutrients—water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins—each orchestrating essential physiological functions. Advancements in poultry nutrition have burgeoned to address the challenges of intensifying production. Non-conventional feedstuffs, such as alternative energy and protein sources, have emerged as viable alternatives to traditional grains. The integration of phytobiotics, enzymes, probiotics, and prebiotics into diets showcases innovative strategies aimed at enhancing digestion, immunity, and overall performance. However, the strides in poultry production must be weighed against their environmental impact. Intensification has led to waste materials like poultry litter and manure, causing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and the development of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. The push for sustainability requires a delicate balance between productive growth and ecological preservation. In conclusion, poultry nutrition stands at the crossroads of progress and responsibility. The journey towards efficiency and quality intertwines with the imperative of sustainable practices. This abstract encapsulates the intricate pathways of poultry nutrition, culminating in a call for harmony between production and the well-being of our environment.
UNVEILING THE ROLE OF ADRENAL GLANDS: SIGNIFICANCE IN DOMESTIC ANIMAL HEALTH
Authors: Choudhary Anil , Kumar Sudesh , Suvidhi Ms. , Kumar Lokesh , Ravina Ms.
Published: June 2024

The adrenal glands, positioned near the kidneys in various domestic animals, consist of two distinct regions: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. These glands orchestrate the synthesis and secretion of hormones that play crucial roles in maintaining physiological equilibrium and responding to stress. The adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, regulating electrolyte balance, glucose metabolism, and immune responses. In contrast, the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, facilitating the "fight-or-flight" response. The anatomical positions of these glands vary across species, reflecting their adaptability. Physiologically, adrenal gland function is governed by hormone cascade pathways and feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus and pituitary. This chapter explores the diverse aspects of adrenal gland anatomy, histology, hormone secretion, and physiological responses to stress.
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN POULTRY: AN APPROACH FOR EARLY DISEASE MONITORING
Authors: Chaudhary Sachin , Kumar Lokesh , Ravina Ms. , Choudhary Anil , Suvidhi Ms. , Kumar Sudesh
Published: June 2024

Poultry farming plays a pivotal role in meeting the ever-growing global demand for animal protein. Nevertheless, the industry grapples with multifaceted challenges, and disease outbreaks stand out as a significant threat. Timely disease detection and vigilant monitoring are imperative to thwart the rapid dissemination of ailments and curtail subsequent economic setbacks. This chapter navigates through the forefront of technological advancements and novel strategies designed for early disease monitoring in poultry farming. The spectrum spans from time-honored diagnostic methodologies to cutting-edge sensor networks and the prowess of data analytics. Within this realm, an array of tools is at the disposal of disease surveillance efforts. This chapter intricately examines the foundational principles, diversified applications, and multifarious benefits encapsulated within these pioneering technologies, casting illumination on their transformative role in molding disease management paradigms within the poultry sector.
ISOLATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION FROM GOA
Authors: Sapna S Gaitonde , Naik M. , Phadte K. , Chari G. , Gopinath G. , Gaunkar P.
Published: June 2024

Goa is bestowed with agro-climatic conditions that are best suited for tropical vegetables and therefore solanaceous crops are being widely cultivated widely. However Crop disease remains a major problem to global food production. It is a well known fact that Chilli is one of the commercial crop of Goa but its cultivation is hampered by severe incidence of bacterial wilt. Excess use of pesticides through chemical disease control measures is a serious problem for sustainable agriculture as we struggle for higher crop productivity. There is well established evidence that the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) would overcome these problems and in turn improve plant growth and crop yield. It is possible to identify and develop PGPR that both suppress plant disease and more directly stimulate plant growth, bringing dual benefit. A number of PGPR have been registered for commercial use under greenhouse and field conditions and a large number of strains have been identified and proved as effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) under environmentally controlled conditions. In this research study a total of 17 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere region of leguminous plants and were tested for their ability to produce siderophore, HCN, indole acetic acid, nitrogen fixation and potassium solubilization. Based on the results of biochemical characterization four bacteria were selected namely A1, T1, T2 and Pb1 for invivo plant studies. The result of this study revealed that 2 bacteria amongst the 4 showed striking results of plant growth promotion and was further sent for sequencing.
PHAGE THERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT INFECTIONS
Authors: Siddiqui Shirjeel Ahmad , Khan Sarah Ahmad , Ali Dr. Asghar , Ahmad Prof. Iqbal
Published: June 2024

The global damage caused by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and the continued threats looming thereof have necessitated the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial agents with equal to or enhanced efficacy compared to the currently available antibiotics. Active research is being conducted in this regard, with various novel alternatives being developed. Among the many frontiers being explored, the old yet unestablished concept of phage therapy is steadily gaining traction as an effective alternative against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Considering the rapid strides being made in the field of phage engineering, this chapter attempts to provide valuable insights into the concept of phage therapy and the various biotechnological techniques being applied to confer on phages desirable anti-infective properties, along with an account of recent in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical studies that encourage therapeutic applications of this interesting technology in modern medicine.
EMERGING TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS IN BIOPROCESSING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ubaid Ayesha , Ali Dr. Asghar , Lakshmi Swati , Kamthan Dr. Mohan , Abid Dr. Mohammad
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the latest advancements and novel approaches in the field of bioprocessing techniques. Bioprocessing plays a vital role in the production of biopharmaceuticals, biofuels, and various bioproducts. The rapid progress in biotechnology and engineering has led to the emergence of innovative strategies that enhance process efficiency, product quality, and cost-effectiveness. The chapter begins by discussing the application of advanced cell culture techniques such as perfusion and continuous processing, which enable higher cell densities, longer culture durations, and improved product yields. It explores the utilization of bioreactor technologies, including single-use systems, microfluidics, and miniaturized platforms, that offer advantages in terms of flexibility, scalability, and process control. Furthermore, the chapter delves into cutting-edge approaches in downstream processing, such as continuous chromatography, membrane separations, and advanced filtration techniques. These innovations streamline purification processes, reduce product losses, and enhance productivity. The chapter also highlights the emerging trends in process analytical technology (PAT), data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in bioprocessing. These technologies enable real-time monitoring, process optimization, and predictive modelling, ultimately leading to improved process understanding and control. Moreover, the chapter explores the utilization of alternative and sustainable feedstock for bioprocessing, including lignocellulosic biomass and waste streams. It discusses the development of bioconversion technologies and metabolic engineering strategies to enhance the production of biofuels, bioplastics, and other value-added chemicals. Lastly, the chapter emphasizes the need for collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory bodies to facilitate the adoption and implementation of these innovations.
SIGNALING IN BACTERIA
Authors: Salik Noorani Dr. Md. , Zahra Andaleeb , Ali Dr. Asghar , Mondal Dr. Aftab Hossain
Published: June 2024

The chapter delves into the intricate mechanisms governing communication among bacterial populations. It investigates quorum sensing, elucidating its molecular intricacies and its impact on collective behaviors like biofilm formation and virulence factor expression. Additionally, the chapter explores two-component signal transduction systems, uncovering their role in bacterial adaptation via environmental sensing and response regulation. Emerging signaling molecules like c-di-GMP and small RNAs are discussed, showcasing their contribution to complex regulatory networks. The chapter also emphasizes the significance of bacterial signaling in pathogenesis, exemplified by pathogens like Vibrio cholerae. Overall, the chapter underscores the pivotal role of bacterial signaling in shaping microbial behaviors, ecological interactions, and potential practical applications.
ADVANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR PLANT SCIENCE RESEARCH
Authors: Mandal Saikat , Roy Anjalika
Published: June 2024

Advances in tools and techniques have revolutionized plant science research, enabling scientists to gain deeper insights into the complex mechanisms underlying plant growth, development, and adaptation. This abstract provides an overview of recent advancements in plant science research tools and techniques, highlighting their significant contributions to the field. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has propelled plant genomic research, enabling comprehensive analysis of plant genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes. Next-generation sequencing platforms, like Illumina and Pacific Biosciences, have facilitated the generation of massive amounts of sequencing data, identifying critical genes and regulatory elements involved in plant processes. Furthermore, advances in bioinformatics tools have allowed for efficient data analysis and interpretation, unlocking the potential for uncovering novel insights into plant biology. In parallel, advancements in imaging techniques have revolutionized the study of plant anatomy and cytology. In the genetic engineering field, genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR- Cas9, have revolutionized plant molecular biology. This precise and efficient tool enables targeted modifications of plant genomes, facilitating the creation of genetically modified plants with desired traits. Confocal, electron, and super-resolution microscopy have provided researchers with unprecedented spatial resolution, allowing them to visualize cellular structures and processes with remarkable details. These advancements promise to improve crop productivity, sustainability, and resilience in the face of global challenges, such as climate change and food security.
ALL SELENIUM CONTAINING MACROCYCLES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES: SOME NOTEWORTHY RESULTS
Authors: Pratim Das Partha
Published: June 2024

Researchers envisioned an analogous growth of the related macrocyclic polyselena ethers after the discovery of sulphur coronands as well as its extensive yet fascinating coordination chemistry. Selena-macrocycle productions as well as their coordination chemistry investigations have gathered a lot of interest following an accidental discovery of selena-crown ethers. The development and production of novel homo along with mixed donor selenoethermacrocyclic molecules have received a lot of attention lately in order to investigate potential binding behaviours against transition and non-transition metal ions. The majority of research on Se-macrocycles has been investigative synthetic studies to understand the nature of their coordination chemistry. In this chapter, coronand-macrocycles having all selenium donor atoms have been discussed, from their synthesis to their metal complexation along with description of several crystal structures. In addition, selenocyclophanes have also been also been briefly included.
EMERGING MXENES MATERIALS FOR EFFICIENT SUPERCAPACITOR APPLICATIONS: CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Kumar S. Arun , Sengodan Prabhu , Ramar Venkadeshkumar , Ramesh R. , Anbarasan P. M.
Published: June 2024

In recent years, MXene has become one of the most advanced potential electrode materials used in high-performance supercapacitor applications. MXene nanomaterials possessed as an admirable capacity, required active surface area, flexibility, and outstanding mechanical qualities. MXene and related nanocomposites demonstrated their potential as new electrode materials. A wide variety of instances of MXene electrode materials are given in detail to further demonstrate the modifications brought about by these composites. This book discusses the most trends in the research of MXene-based SCs and their composites for supercapacitor applications. This chapter primarily addressed the electrochemical properties of composite electrode materials made of MXene and MXene-based compounds for energy storage applications.
RECENT ADVANCED METAL OXIDE NANOMATERIALS TO DEVELOPED HYDROGEN GAS SENSORS AND THEIR NANOSTRUCTURES, MORPHOLOGY EFFECT ON SENSITIVITY
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Adalati Ravikant , Kumar Singh Pramod , Baboo Agarwala Manish
Published: June 2024

Reliable and low-cost hydrogen gas sensors have been developed at a large scale recently. Many metal and metal oxide semiconducting nanomaterials (MOSNs) SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, WO3, MnO2, n-type materials, and CuO, NiO, Cr2O3, Mn3O4, etc., p-type materials, and their composites, metal-doped, are used to develop susceptible sensors that show highly stable and selective nature even at low H2 gas concentrations. Different treatment and synthesis processes are used to make other structures and morphologies to design H2 gas sensors. Sensors with p-n junction structures, heterostructures, and isotype heterojunction structures display high device performance. Additionally, sensor morphologies such as thin films, hollow spheres, nanopatterns, nanowires, nanobelts, and nanoparticles also show high performance in detecting low H2 gas concentrations (sub-ppm level). Some researchers add noble elements (Pd, Pt, Au, and Ag) to improve the quality of the surface and fast detection time of sensors. These noble metal elements act as catalysts in the reaction between H2 gas and the sensor surface. Some researchers also add organic materials to improve sensors' responses. This chapter briefly reviews recent studies based on MOSNs H2 gas sensors with different structures and morphologies. The chapter highlights the sensing performance of MOSNs-based H2 gas sensors. The chapter also includes the challenges and prospects of MOSN's H2 gas sensors.
FUNDAMENTAL INTRODUCTION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS
Authors: Mishra Dr. Sunil Kumar , Kumar Dr. Arun
Published: June 2024

Liquid crystals (LCs) represent a distinct state of matter that exhibits both fluidic and crystalline properties, possessing remarkable optical and electro-optical characteristics. This abstract offers a foundational overview of liquid crystals, outlining their fundamental properties, classification, and applications. Initially discovered in the late 19th century, LCs have garnered significant attention due to their unique behavior, which arises from the anisotropic orientation of their molecules. This orientation can be influenced by external factors such as temperature, electric field, or pressure, leading to various mesophases including nematic, smectic, and cholesteric phases. Understanding the molecular arrangement and dynamics within these phases is crucial for exploiting LCs in diverse applications, ranging from displays and photonics to sensors and drug delivery systems. The versatility of LCs stems from their ability to respond to external stimuli with rapid reconfigurability, making them indispensable in modern technology. Additionally, advancements in LC research have led to the development of novel materials such as polymer-dispersed LCs and lyotropic LCs, further expanding their utility. This abstract serves as a primer for researchers and enthusiasts alike, providing insights into the intriguing world of liquid crystals and paving the way for future innovations in this field.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN WATER PURIFICATION AND TREATMENT: CURRENT OUTLOOK AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Saeed Fatima , Arundhathi Bhoga , Sridhar Sundergopal
Published: June 2024

Meeting the world's water needs will be extremely difficult due to the rapidly growing population, varying environmental conditions and climate change. It is projected that by 2050, there will be 6.4 billion people on Earth, necessitating an increase in water availability and production to meet human needs. Because of the worldwide industrial revolution, a variety of harmful pollutants are finding their way into water bodies. A multitude of industries, including textile, leather, electronics, metal polishing, etc., regularly discharge large amounts of heavy metals into the environment. Nano-based materials have a very high area/size ratio, which makes them useful for improving the properties of existing materials. The novel treatment techniques employ nanoparticles to eliminate dissolved gases, heavy metals, and organic pollutants in addition to a variety of ailments. With the development of cutting-edge next-generation technologies, this technology offers new possibilities to make water treatments reach new heights. The paper describes the emergence of state-of-the-art next-generation technologies and explores its opportunities for water treatment methods.
BLUE, GREEN AND GREY: DECODING THE COLORS OF WATER FOOTPRINT
Authors: Fatima Afreen , Parihar Apoorva Singh , Yadav Sadanand , Srivastava Deepa
Published: June 2024

In the twenty-first century, water scarcity and pollution have emerged as major global issues. Understanding the "water footprint" of various industries and locations has emerged as a crucial part of sustainable water management as water resources are depleted and water quality declines. This chapter explores the complicated realm of water footprints with the goal of unraveling the delicate connections between environmental effect, human activity, and water usage. The chapter emphasizes its value as a comprehensive measure of water consumption—direct and indirect—across the entire supply chain of goods and services. It covers alternative approaches for calculating water footprints, including the blue, green, and grey water components and their individual contributions to total water use, through a comprehensive review of the literature.
3D PLATES IN OMFS.A STUDY
Authors: S. Pingal Chandrashekhar
Published: June 2024

A second plate at a lower level gives more results, while more complications are reported with 2 plates by others 2. Its biomechanical results have shown good stability in the fixation of mandibular angle fracture 3. It also has good stability. The biomechanical and technical constraints of the conventional rigid internal fixation devices have prompted the current study to evaluate the efficacy of the three-dimensional titanium mini plates 1.
SAVIOURS OF EXTREMELY PRETERM BABIES-HOW FAR WE ARE!
Authors: S Mr. Santhosh. , K Ms. Keeethavarshini
Published: June 2024

In 18th century, the death rate of the premature babies is very peak in counts. During that time Stephane Tarnier, who was French Obstetrician innovate the incubator for premature bay from the principle of chicken incubator. It was maintained the babies temperature to avoid the hypothermic condition of the premature babies. After several years, the early incubators was developed by the other physicians an according to the modern development from water bath to glass incubators. Its slightly reduced the rate of premature babies. After the further development of incubators, now its reached the special care unit has been innovated i.e., neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is completely accompanied with advanced methodology of the treatment procedures for the preterm babies such as mechanical air ventilation, oxygen administration and nasogastric feeding and so on. The death rate of the extreme preterm babies is not reduced still now even though the advancement of NICU. Recently, AWT has been introduced in 2017 Philadelphia, which is closest thing to biobag to prevent the death of extreme preterm babies. It is the entire process of ex-utero gestation. Significantly reduce the mortality & morbidity rate, but still it was in animal trials not in human trials. Expecting the clinical application of this device in future.
ROBOTIC SURGERY: THE FUTURE OF MINIMAL INVASIVE SURGERY
Authors: Saini Dr. Manu , Bagree Dr. Rajendra , Saini Dr. Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Robotic surgery is emerging as the latest technique in minimal invasive surgeries. Robotic surgery is performed using a robot-assisted surgery system, the robot being under the operative control of the surgeon. The robotic system currently being used is the leader-follower type, the da Vinci surgical system (intuitive surgery).This chapter describes not only the current state of robotic surgery but also the future development of robotic surgery systems in gastrointestinal, urological and other surgeries.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES: HOMOEOPATHY - HOPE FOR HOPELESS
Authors: Nitin Kulkarni Dr. Anagha
Published: June 2024

Homoeopathy is based on the Law of Similars. It was known to Hippocrates, the father of Medicine [460 B.C] But it was not practiced till the time Dr. Samuel Hahnemann from Germany discovered Homoeopathy in 1796. It's based on the Dynamic Concept that Health is maintained by the harmonious functioning of Vital Force and Disease is the dynamic derangement of Vital force. Disease is not just pathology in tissues and organs but the spiritual and dynamic aspect is prior to pathology. Today we see an increase in endocrinal, metabolic, neurological diseases and chronic diseases of unknown etiology. Today's field of medicine is struggling to conquer chronic dis-eases which are ever-increasing and the medi-cation is palliative in nature; patient is not cured. Homoeopathy is the scientific healing system and has scope in the management of diseases which are dynamically deranged. Thus, it is a futuristic medicine for humanity reaching widely to people around the globe.
ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION AND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN TAMIL NADU
Authors: Sujatha P. , Srileka Dr. S.
Published: June 2024

Air pollution refers to the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by chemical, physical, or biological agents that alter the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The depletion of stratospheric ozone caused by air pollution poses significant threats to human health and the Earth's ecosystems. The quality of air is intricately connected to global climate and ecosystems. Many activities that contribute to air pollution, such as the burning of fossil fuels, also result in greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, policies aimed at reducing air pollution offer a dual benefit by addressing climate change and improving public health. These policies not only reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution but also contribute to mitigating climate change in the short and long term. Efforts should be focused on reducing the sources and impacts of climate change, including the reduction of toxic chemical use and improved management of toxic waste. Active participation from all segments of society through environmental education, awareness campaigns, and capacity building is crucial for nature conservation and environmental protection. It is vital to integrate environmental principles into development planning, policies, and practices to ensure sustainable outcomes. Moreover, promoting environmental governance through legislation, policy implementation, and advocacy is essential. Therefore, it is imperative to identify gaps in the current management of resource bases. The present study aims to assess the air quality and air pollution situation in Tamil Nadu, providing valuable insights into the state's environmental conditions and supporting the development of effective strategies for sustainable resource management.
ASSESSING PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES FOR GROUNDWATER SUSTAINABILITY: A SPATIAL CASE STUDY IN ALANDUR TALUK AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Selvarani E Grace , Sujatha P.
Published: June 2024

Despite significant advancements in modern technology during the first decade of the twenty-first century, natural resources continue to be extensively utilized to meet human requirements. However, the focus has shifted from mere conservation to sustainable usage, recognizing the importance of preserving resources for future generations. Water, being fundamental to sustainable development, serves as a crucial indicator for various global concerns, encompassing energy, food, health, peace, security, and poverty eradication (UN Water). The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of water sources and their accessibility to the population. Additionally, the study aims to understand the perception of parents towards groundwater sustainability and their role in practicing sustainable water resource management. Recognizing parents as the bedrock of a community's journey towards a healthy and sustainable future, their perspectives are vital in shaping effective policies and planning strategies by the government. Based on the study's findings, actionable suggestions will be formulated to align with government policies and foster sustainable practices.
EMPOWERING BAIGA WOMEN: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Jaiswal Pooja
Published: June 2024

Baiga tribal women are an integral part of the Baiga indigenous community in central India. They play significant roles in preserving their cultural heritage and maintaining the social fabric of their society. However, Baiga women face challenges such as limited access to education, economic opportunities, and healthcare. Efforts are being made to empower Baiga women through initiatives focused on education, skill development, health awareness, and land rights advocacy. By empowering Baiga tribal women, we can enhance their socio-economic status, promote gender equality, and contribute to the overall development and well-being of the Baiga community. Baiga women have long been the torchbearers of their rich cultural heritage. However, they have faced numerous challenges in terms of development and empowerment. This chapter explores the importance of empowering Baiga women and highlights key initiatives aimed at their socioeconomic advancement and overall well-being.
STREET VENDORS: THE HEARTBEAT OF INDIA'S URBAN LANDSCAPE
Authors: Sharma Rajeev
Published: June 2024

India's bustling streets come alive with a kaleidoscope of colors and flavors, all thanks to the resilient and resourceful street vendors who populate its bustling cities. These unsung heroes play a crucial role in weaving the social and economic fabric of the nation. They offer a treasure trove of goods and services, from lip-smacking street food to unique handicrafts, catering to the diverse needs and tastes of millions. However, despite their invaluable contributions, street vendors often find themselves navigating a complex web of challenges. This chapter sheds light on the significance of street vendors in India, their problems and explores the efforts made to empower and protect their livelihoods.
UNLEASHING INDIA'S DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND: A PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Giri Dr. Pramod
Published: June 2024

The demographic dividend is a phenomenon that occurs when a country experiences a significant increase in the working-age population relative to the dependent population. It is driven by declining fertility rates and improvements in healthcare and education. This demographic shift creates a window of opportunity for accelerated economic progress and sustainable development. The demographic dividend can fuel economic growth, reduce poverty, and enhance human development. By investing in education, job creation, healthcare, and social protection, countries can effectively harness the demographic dividend and unlock the potential of their growing working-age populations. The chapter analyzes the factors contributing to India's demographic dividend, such as its large youth population and the demographic transition. Additionally, it investigates the challenges hindering the realization of this dividend, including employment generation, education, healthcare, and gender equality. By understanding the significance of this demographic advantage and devising targeted strategies, policymakers can effectively harness the youthful energy and drive sustainable economic progress in the nation. This chapter delves into the concept of demographic dividend in India and explores its implications for economic growth and development and the strategies required to fully capitalize on this potential.
IMPACT OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON WOMEN
Authors: Dhamija Sana , Chaudhury Suprakash , Diwan Chetan
Published: June 2024

COVID 19 pandemic shook the world upon its onset in 2019. It had a drastic and lasting psychological impact on each section of the population. It led to the development of various mental health effects like anxiety, depression, panic, PTSD and caused widespread suffering. It had a significant social, economic and psychological effect on women as well. At the work front, women working in informal jobs became unemployed, lost daily wages and suffered economic hardships. Those working in skilled jobs had to suffer from massive layovers and loss of income. At home women had to constantly indulge in care of the children unable to attend school leading to an increasing trend in their domestic work. Higher gender based intimate partner violence was also reported during the pandemic. Families staying in close quarters, increased stress and lack of access to resources rendered escape difficult for women. Migrant labourers with women contributing to the family budget also suffered immensely along with displacement of migrant workers impacting women more severely with lack of privacy, minimal access to menstrual care products and shortage of food. Women healthcare workers also faced challenges with balancing the pandemic burden with long work hours affecting their already skewed work life balance. Women suffering from pre existing mental health conditions had a poor impact due to the additional stress in COVID 19 pandemic. Women had less access to safe delivery and abortions during this time. There were also less treatment protocols for pregnant women suffering from COVID 19. Due to these ongoing factors the impact of COVID 19 was severe for women and needs to be explored adequately.