bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electro‐osmotic driven flow of Eyring Powell nanofluid in an asymmetric channel
Authors: Perumal Tamizharasi , Rajaram Vijayaragavan , Arjunan Magesh
Published: April 2023

This article aims to investigate the electro‐osmotic flow of the Eyring‐Powell nanofluid under the peristaltic mechanism with the influence of the porous medium in the micro‐channel. The modified system is applied externally to an electrical field in the horizontal direction and a magnetic field in the transverse direction. Governing equations of nanofluid flow are formulated, and the assumptions of low Reynolds number and large wavelength approximations are tackled. The resulting coupled non‐linear partial differential equations like velocity and temperature equations are solved numerically by the NDSolve command using the computational mathematical software Mathematica. The influence of various important parameters on the velocity of the fluid, the temperature profiles, and the trapping phenomenon are discussed in detail by graphs. Under the influence of Joule heating, the study details the thermal transport process in the fluid. It demonstrates how an increase may significantly improve the momentum transmission in the core region of the microchannel in the volume fraction of the nanoparticles in the fluid.
Role of Strong Matter‐Field Coupling on Axial Complex Systems
Authors: Yousaf Z. , Bhatti M. Z. , Farwa U.
Published: April 2023

Even though extended gravity theories have come up with different healthy measures of complexity for spherical and non‐spherical systems, the study of complexity factors for axially symmetric bodies under the influence of strong matter‐field coupling is still up for debate. The formation of complexity factors for static axially symmetric bodies is induced by the cracking of the Riemann curvature tensor in an orthogonal manner as initiated by Herrera et al. [Phys. Rev. D 99, 044049(2019)]. We provide the continuation of this work in the gravitational theory, where that indicates the powerful matter‐field coupling due to the bilateral influence of the curvature and matter tensors. We proceed our analysis by considering axial geometry confined with anisotropic fluid constituents. In this context, we compute the field equations for the system under discussion. To examine the source's energy content, two dynamical equations that correspond to independent coordinates are constructed. The curvature tensor is split into tensorial quantities to formulate the scalar functions (structure scalars), which involve the physical attributes of the source in the domain of high curvature regimes. Among all, three of the scalars 's are nominated as complexity factors, whose inclusion enhances the inhomogeneity of the propagating system. The vanishing complexity factors criteria are set out for the specific form of the cosmic model that provides the favorable setting to minimize the system's complexity and boost its stability. Furthermore, some analytical insights under various backgrounds of the matter spheroids are presented.
Suppression of Reverse Leakage in Enhancement‐Mode GaN High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistor by Extended PGaN Technology
Authors: Dai Xinyue , Ji Zhongchen , Jiang Qimeng , Huang Sen , Fan Jie , Feng Chao , Jin Hao , Tang Xiaotian , Wang Xinhua , Liu Xinyu
Published: April 2023

An extended PGaN structure is proposed and successfully adopted on a Schottky PGaN enhancement‐mode GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) platform. The device features a drain saturation current of 256 mA mm−1, a threshold voltage of +1.8 V, and an ON resistance of 19.781 Ω mm. It is found that using the PGaN extension structure on both HEMTs and circle Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) efficiently reduces leakage current across a wide temperature range (from −55 °C to 150 °C). Furthermore, multifrequency CV measurements of interdigitated SBDs are employed to assess the extension structure's dynamic responsiveness.
Optimal mission abort policy for a balanced system with a restricted mechanism
Authors: Dong Qinglai , Liu Pin
Published: April 2023

The balanced system often performs key missions in many fields, such as aerospace, new energy storage, and the military. However, the failure of the system can cause major losses. Therefore, the mission needs to be aborted when the risk of system failure is higher. In this paper, the optimal mission abort policy for a k‐out‐of‐n: F balanced system is studied. The system with a restricted mechanism consists of m sectors and there are n components in each sector, in which the components fail due to two situations: internal failure or external shocks. If the number of working components in m sectors is the same, the system is balanced. If one component fails, the system will force down or resume a component with a probability to keep balance. The model of the mentioned system is established, and the Markov process imbedding approach is used for deriving the reliability indices. Two optimization models are established according to two competitive abort criteria. Finally, an unmanned aerial vehicle performing a mission is discussed to illustrate the proposed mission abort policy.
Heterogeneous swarm control based on two‐layer topology
Authors: Chen Kang , Fan Chengli , Yang Zhanwei , Yu Dengxiu , Wang Zhen , Chen C. L. Philip
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous swarm control method based on a two‐layer communication topology, which solves the problems of great difficulty in controller design and high computational complexity of communication topology in large‐scale heterogeneous swarm control. Firstly, we divide large‐scale heterogeneous swarms into several independent isomorphic sub‐swarm and design corresponding sub‐swarm controllers, which dramatically reduces the difficulty of swarm controller design. Secondly, we introduce a two‐layer communication topology to treat the followers in the first‐layer communication topology as leaders in the second‐layer communication topology, which establishes the connection between each sub‐swarm and the global leader and reduces the computational complexity of the communication topology. Finally, based on the two‐layer communication topology, the swarm controllers in the first‐layer and second‐layer communication topologies are designed using the sliding mode and dynamic surface methods. The Lyapunov function is designed to prove its stability. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the controllers.
The Benefit of Early-Stage Diagnosis: A Registry-Based Survey Evaluating the Quality of Life in Patients with Melanoma
Authors: Young Jade N. , Griffith-Bauer Kelly , Hill Emma , Latour Emile , Samatham Ravikant , Leachman Sancy
Published: April 2023

Background

The morbidity associated with advanced stage melanoma is an important consideration in the dialog surrounding early detection and overdiagnosis. Few studies have stratified melanoma patient quality of life (QoL) by stage at diagnosis.

Objective

We sought to investigate if melanoma stage is independently associated with changes in QoL within a large, community-based melanoma registry. Secondarily, we investigated whether demographic factors such as age, geographic location or level of education are associated with changes in QoL in the same population.

Methods

1108 melanoma patients were surveyed over a three-month period using the QoL in Adult Cancer Survivors Survey, consisting of 47 items on a 7-point frequency scale. Data were analysed using both descriptive statistical models and adjusted multivariate logistic regression.

Results

There were 677 respondents generating a 61% response rate. Overall, higher stage at diagnosis correlated with the largest decreases in QoL as it pertained to both general (p = 0.001) and Cancer-Specific stressors (p < 0.001). Education level (p = 0.020), age (p < 0.001), rural area code designation (p = 0.020) and family history of melanoma (p = 0.017) were also independently associated with changes in QoL.

Conclusion

Earlier stage at melanoma diagnosis is associated with better QoL and thus represents a crucial intervention in patient care. Given our findings and the growing body of evidence surrounding morbidity in late-stage melanoma, it is essential that QoL be included in assessing the benefits of early detection.
Surface and Structural Modulation of Waste‐Derived, Boron‐Doped Carbon to Enhance its Adsorption Efficiency for Lead Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Aamir Hafiz Muhammad , Alexander Matthew L , ul Haq Tanveer
Published: April 2023

Lead is a common hazardous heavy metal found in agricultural soil and industrial wastewater. It is a dire need for society to remove lead from wastewater via a facile and cost‐effective route, which is needed to improve water quality. Here we obtain boron (B) doped porous carbon (BC) via two‐step thermal pyrolysis of waste tires, as it is a promising raw material. The B doping changes the coordination chemistry, physicochemical properties, and surface structure of carbon. The degree of graphitization, boron content, and pore size distribution of BC was controlled by thermal treatment and NaBH4 content. The surface topography, elemental composition, degree of graphitization, chemical structure, and lead (Pb) removal efficiency of BC was thoroughly analyzed by SEM, EDS, Raman, XRD, XPS, and ICP‐OES analysis. Benefiting from the structural disorder, high specific surface area, and least coordinated exposed carbon, the BC revealed high adsorption efficiency (98.02 %) for lead removal from wastewater.
Optimization of Aluminium Oxide/Acid‐Treated Palygorskite by Response Surface Methodology and its Application in Adsorptive Separation of the Methanol‐Dimethyl Carbonate Azeotrope
Authors: Sun Xueni , Tian Lu , Chen Siyuan , Tan Hao , Shao Hui
Published: April 2023

A low‐cost composite adsorbent aluminium oxide/acid‐treated palygorskite (Al2O3/HPal) was prepared by the total incipient wetness method and succesfully applied for the separation of methanol‐dimethyl carbonate (MeOH‐DMC) azeotrope for the first time. Major synthetic factors influencing the final separation performance were explored by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box‐Behnken design (BBD). Adsorbents under optimized synthesis conditions were characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM and BET analysis. Adsorptive separation performance of Al2O3/HPal were investigated by both static and dynamic experiments. The adsorption capacities for MeOH and DMC were 335.52 mg g−1 and 23.92 mg g−1, respectively, while the selectivity S and the separation factor α towards MeOH equaled to 14.03 and 6.1. Kinetic curves fitted the pseudo‐second‐order model. Isotherm study results indicated two different adsorption behaviors for this azeotrope where heterogeneous multi‐layer adsorption was observed for DMC but monolayer adsorption occurred for MeOH with surface inhomogeneity. Moreover, thermodynamic study suggested that the driving force of the MeOH‐DMC system on Al2O3/HPal included both enthalpy and entropy effects.
A New Method for the Rapid Polymerization of Hydroquinone Catalyzed by Copper‐ammonia Complexes
Authors: Liu Mengyu , Yu Xiang , Yang Lanting , Nong Guangzai
Published: April 2023

Poly(hydroquinone) (PHQ) is a class of polymers with a leading chain composed entirely of quinone‐phenol structures, which possess both the heat resistance of polymers and the redox activity of the monomer quinone‐phenol and have promising applications in sensors, anti‐corrosion and antioxidants. However, the current synthesis efficiency is low, and the product solubility is poor, which hinders its wide application. In this paper, the copper‐ammonia complex was used to catalyze the polymerization of hydroquinone. The product‘s structure was verified by FTIR, UV‐Vis, XPS, SSNMR and EDS. The degree of PHQ obtained by GPC was 2–9, and the reaction mechanism of the polymerization process was demonstrated in detail. The experiments showed that the copper‐ammonia complex not only acted as a catalyst but also participated in the reaction, firstly generating the PHQ copper‐ammonia complex, which is almost insoluble in water and common organic solvents. Then by further acid washing to dislodge the copper‐amino groups, the resulting PHQ was able to dissolve in solvents such as DMSO and methanol. In addition, the method is three times faster than the catalytic rate using an equivalent amount of ammonia.
Micro/Nano‐Fabrication of Flexible Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene)‐Based Conductive Films for High‐Performance Microdevices
Authors: Lv Tian‐Run , Zhang Wen‐Hai , Yang Ya‐Qiong , Zhang Jia‐Chen , Yin Ming‐Jie , Yin Zhigang , Yong Ken‐Tye , An Quan‐Fu
Published: April 2023

With the increasing demands for novel flexible organic electronic devices, conductive polymers are now becoming the rising star for reaching such targets, which has witnessed significant breakthroughs in the fields of thermoelectric devices, solar cells, sensors, and hydrogels during the past decade due to their outstanding conductivity, solution‐processing ability, as well as tailorability. However, the commercialization of those devices still lags markedly behind the corresponding research advances, arising from the not high enough performance and limited manufacturing techniques. The conductivity and micro/nano‐structure of conductive polymer films are two critical factors for achieving high‐performance microdevices. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art technologies for developing organic devices by using conductive polymers are comprehensively summarized, which will begin with a description of the commonly used synthesis methods and mechanisms for conductive polymers. Next, the current techniques for the fabrication of conductive polymer films will be proffered and discussed. Subsequently, approaches for tailoring the nanostructures and microstructures of conductive polymer films are summarized and discussed. Then, the applications of micro/nano‐fabricated conductive films‐based devices in various fields are given and the role of the micro/nano‐structures on the device performances is highlighted. Finally, the perspectives on future directions in this exciting field are presented.
Nanoscale Janus Z‐Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Su Ke , Yuan Su‐Xian , Wu Li‐Yuan , Liu Zhao‐Lei , Zhang Min , Lu Tong‐Bu
Published: April 2023

Artificial photosynthesis for CO2 reduction coupled with water oxidation currently suffers from low efficiency due to inadequate interfacial charge separation of conventional Z‐scheme heterojunctions. Herein, an unprecedented nanoscale Janus Z‐scheme heterojunction of CsPbBr3/TiOx is constructed for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Benefitting from the short carrier transport distance and direct contact interface, CsPbBr3/TiOx exhibits significantly accelerated interfacial charge transfer between CsPbBr3 and TiOx (8.90 × 108 s−1) compared with CsPbBr3:TiOx counterpart (4.87 × 107 s−1) prepared by traditional electrostatic self‐assembling. The electron consumption rate of cobalt doped CsPbBr3/TiOx can reach as high as 405.2 ± 5.6 µmol g−1 h−1 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO coupled with H2O oxidation to O2 under AM1.5 sunlight (100 mW cm−2), over 11‐fold higher than that of CsPbBr3:TiOx, and surpassing the reported halide‐perovskite‐based photocatalysts under similar conditions. This work provides a novel strategy to boost charge transfer of photocatalysts for enhancing the performance of artificial photosynthesis.
Synthetic‐Cell‐Based Multi‐Compartmentalized Hierarchical Systems
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Qiao Xin , Chen Haixu , Wang Lei , Liu Xiaoman , Huang Xin
Published: April 2023

In the extant lifeforms, the self‐sustaining behaviors refer to various well‐organized biochemical reactions in spatial confinement, which rely on compartmentalization to integrate and coordinate the molecularly crowded intracellular environment and complicated reaction networks in living/synthetic cells. Therefore, the biological phenomenon of compartmentalization has become an essential theme in the field of synthetic cell engineering. Recent progress in the state‐of‐the‐art of synthetic cells has indicated that multi‐compartmentalized synthetic cells should be developed to obtain more advanced structures and functions. Herein, two ways of developing multi‐compartmentalized hierarchical systems, namely interior compartmentalization of synthetic cells (organelles) and integration of synthetic cell communities (synthetic tissues), are summarized. Examples are provided for different construction strategies employed in the above‐mentioned engineering ways, including spontaneous compartmentalization in vesicles, host–guest nesting, phase separation mediated multiphase, adhesion‐mediated assembly, programmed arrays, and 3D printing. Apart from exhibiting advanced structures and functions, synthetic cells are also applied as biomimetic materials. Finally, key challenges and future directions regarding the development of multi‐compartmentalized hierarchical systems are summarized; these are expected to lay the foundation for the creation of a “living” synthetic cell as well as provide a larger platform for developing new biomimetic materials in the future.
In Search of Disorder Transitions and Defects Within Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4‐Based Absorber Layers via Temperature‐Dependent Raman Spectroscopy Technique
Authors: Gour Kuldeep Singh , Karade Vijay C. , Parmar Rahul , Jang Jun Sung , Kazim Shafaq , Jang Suyoung , Gunnella Roberto , Park Jongsung , Yun Jae Ho , Kim Jin Hyeok
Published: April 2023

The temperature‐dependent (25–300 °C) disorder transitions analyzed via Raman spectroscopic technique for the different non‐stoichiometric Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin films are demonstrated. In the thin films prepared with different Zn conditions, i.e., in Zn‐1 (Zn‐poor), the density of the A‐type defect cluster [ZnCu + VCu] increases with temperature; however, it slightly decreases and remains constant for Zn‐rich samples, i.e., Zn‐2 and Zn‐3. At the same time, the density of the B‐type defect cluster [2ZnCu + ZnSn] increases with increasing temperature and Zn content. The observations further reveal that Zn concentration has less impact on VCu formation; therefore, above the optimum Cu‐poor and Zn‐rich conditions, ZnCu shallow donors negatively influence the kesterite device performances. Finally, solar cells based on all the CZTSSe thin‐film samples (Zn‐1, Zn‐2, and Zn‐3) are fabricated in which a device based on Zn‐2 exhibits excellent power conversion efficiency of ≈11.0% with open‐circuit voltage of 478 mV, short‐circuit current of 35.51 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 64%, respectively.
Study of Potential‐Induced Degradation in Glass‐Encapsulated Perovskite Solar Cells under Different Stress Conditions
Authors: Nakka Laxmi , Luo Wei , Aberle Armin G. , Lin Fen
Published: April 2023

Potential‐induced degradation (PID) is an important reliability issue of photovoltaic modules. For future field applications of perovskite photovoltaic modules, it is important to study the PID behavior under real‐world operating conditions, which has not yet been thoroughly researched. This work presents PID investigation of glass‐encapsulated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at different stress conditions for an extended duration of 55 h. At room condition (25 °C, 20% relative humidity [RH]) the efficiency is reduced by 59% when −1000 V is applied to the short‐circuited PSCs, whereas under elevated stress condition (60 °C, 60% RH) the device efficiency suffers severe degradation of >90%. The PID effects are analyzed with several characterization methods, revealing that Na+ion migration from the front glass pane toward the perovskite layer causes the degradation. Application of a reverse voltage bias right after PID results in very poor recovery under elevated condition compared to the recovery of devices under room condition. It is proposed that PID and its recovery rate depend on the external stress conditions and the reverse bias strategy is not sufficient for the recovery. Possible mitigation strategies which can open a new avenue for further research on PID in PSCs are also presented.
Seed‐Assisted Growth of Tin Oxide Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Zhichao , Luo Xinhui , Shen Yangzi , Liu Xiao , Segawa Hiroshi , Han Qifeng , Han Liyuan
Published: April 2023

Tin oxide has been the mainstream as the electron transport layer for highly efficient perovskite solar cells due to advantages such as high mobility, high transmittance, and strong UV stability. Realizing high‐quality SnO2 layer at low temperature can widen the range of potential applications on both rigid and flexible substrates. Herein, a seed‐assisted growth strategy is developed for the preparation of SnO2 layer at low temperature (100 °C) and the seeds in precursor solution provide preferential nucleation sites. The SnO2 layer via seed‐assisted growth exhibits higher conductivity and mobility which are more than twice those of control samples because of enhanced crystallinity. The resulting solar cells show high Voc of 1.189 V, contributing to a high power conversion efficiency of 25.26%. To current knowledge, this is the highest efficiency for perovskite solar cells with SnO2 layer formed at low temperature (≤100 °C). Contributed by the high‐quality SnO2 layer prepared at low temperature, a high power conversion efficiency over 22% for flexible perovskite solar cells is also achieved.
Low‐Temperature Prepared ZnO Layer with Electron Beam Annealing Process for Enhancing the Environmental, Thermal, and Operational Stability of Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Park In Pyo , Hwang Bu Kyeong , Heo Soo Won
Published: April 2023

The commercialization of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) requires a high level of stability and a high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE). To satisfy these requirements, inverted OPVs with electron transport layers of ZnO obtained by electron beam annealing (EBA) are fabricated, and their properties are compared with those of a reference device with a thermal‐treated ZnO layer. Electrons are extracted from Ar plasma and accelerated by supplying a negative DC voltage; the ZnO layer is annealed using the energy from the accelerated electrons. The PCE of the OPV with a ZnO layer obtained by the optimal EBA process is 15.6%, which is 11.4% higher than that of the reference device. In addition, the OPV device retains 90.1% of its initial PCE after it is stored at room temperature for 30 days and 70.1% of the initial PCE after 280 h at 90 °C. Further, the operational stability is measured for 500 min at the maximum power point under 1 sun illumination in ambient air. The OPV with the ZnO layer treated under optimal EBA conditions retains 85.0% of the initial PCE and shows outstanding environmental and thermal stability.
Charge Carrier Dynamics in Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Yexiao , Chung Sein , Karuthedath Safakath , De Castro Catherine S. P. , Tang Hua , Jeong Minyoung , Lu Shirong , Cho Kilwon , Laquai Frédéric , Kan Zhipeng
Published: April 2023

The ionization energy (IE) offset of a donor–acceptor pair provides the driving force for hole transfer and subsequent free charge carrier generation in low‐bandgap nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the interfacial energetic landscape in bulk heterojunction OSCs is determined by the materials’ electronic structure and intermolecular interactions at the donor/acceptor interface, causing local energy‐level shifts and disorder. Herein, the impact of the IE offset on the charge transfer efficiency and charge carrier dynamics is systematically evaluated by characterizing PM6/ITIC, PM6/IT‐2Cl, and PM6/IT‐4Cl planar heterojunction (PHJ) solar cells. Ultrafast spectroscopy and time‐resolved charge carrier density measurements reveal that an IE offset of about ≈0.5 eV leads to efficient hole transfer and subsequent free charge generation. Furthermore, bimolecular charge recombination and consequently triplet generation are significantly reduced in systems with high IE offset. This work underlines the importance of sizeable donor–acceptor IE offsets in PHJ nonfullerene OSCs as critical for high‐efficiency donor/acceptor material and device design.
River connectivity increases the diversity of fish communities in gravel pit lakes
Authors: Laiveling Audrey R. , Lorentz Christopher N. , Booth Michael T.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Off-channel floodplain features are important components of a river system that provide habitat and boost regional species pools, but river–floodplain connectivity is disrupted by anthropogenic activities. The Campbell Lakes in Harrison, Ohio, are formerly isolated gravel pits along the Whitewater River and are connected to the river through flooding-related erosion. The lakes were first stocked with sport fish by Great Parks of Hamilton County to promote recreational fishing, but stocking ended in 2019 due to frequent connection with the Whitewater River during high flow. We explored how the fish community composition of the Campbell Lakes reflects increasing connectivity with the Whitewater River and among the lakes.

Methods

Using historical aerial photographs and river discharge estimates, we established an approximate timeline of permanent connectivity and potential breaches between the lakes and the Whitewater River from 2000 to 2020. Fish community data collected via electrofishing surveys of the Campbell Lakes in 2004, 2007, 2012, and 2020 were compared to data from surveys of the Whitewater and Great Miami rivers in 1995 and 2013.

Result

The lakes were dominated by centrarchid species in early surveys but showed increased species and family richness with time. Based on an analysis of similarity and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, the lakes' fish communities differed significantly among years and gradually increased in resemblance to the river communities.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the Campbell Lakes fish communities are broadening to include taxa from the Whitewater and Great Miami River communities and are shifting from lentic to lotic species. The change in fish community assemblages in the Campbell Lakes demonstrates the potential for gravel pit lakes to serve as artificial floodplain features that can enhance river–floodplain connectivity.
Cross‐ and Multi‐Coupling Reactions Using Monofluoroalkanes
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: April 2023

Carbon‐fluorine bonds are stable and have demonstrated sluggishness against various chemical manipulations. However, selective transformations of C−F bonds can be achieved by developing appropriate conditions as useful synthetic methods in organic chemistry. This review focuses on C−C bond formation at monofluorinated sp3‐hybridized carbons via C−F bond cleavage, including cross‐coupling and multi‐component coupling reactions. The C−F bond cleavage mechanisms on the sp3‐hybridized carbon centers can be primarily categorized into three types: Lewis acids promoted F atom elimination to generate carbocation intermediates; nucleophilic substitution with metal or carbon nucleophiles supported by the activation of C−F bonds by coordination of Lewis acids; and the cleavage of C−F bonds via a single electron transfer. The characteristic features of alkyl fluorides, in comparison with other (pseudo)halides as promising electrophilic coupling counterparts, are also discussed.
High‐field magnetic resonance imaging findings in a young dog with septic arthritis of the shoulder joint
Authors: Santifort Koen M.
Published: April 2023

A 7‐month‐old, female Rough Collie with a history of diagnosis and treatment for steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis was presented with a history of recurrent fever and lethargy and progressive lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large fluid intensity lesion (T2W hyperintense to muscle, T1W hypointense and in both sequences isointense to joint fluid) centred on the medial aspect of the right shoulder joint with outpouching into the surrounding muscle. On post‐contrast T1W images, there was extensive enhancement of the synovium and of the outpouching within the subscapularis muscle (centrally non‐enhancing consistent with abscessation, haemorrhage or necrosis). Bacteriological culture and sensitivity testing on fluid of the shoulder joint and lesion revealed monoculture of multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This case report illustrates the value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathology.
Mixed convection Casson polymeric flow from a nonlinear stretching surface with radiative flux and non‐Fourier thermal relaxation effects: Computation with CSNIS
Authors: Shahid Anwar , Wei Wang , Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir , Bég Osman Anwar , Bég Tasveer A.
Published: April 2023

Thermal non‐Newtonian polymer coating flows is growing as a major area in materials processing. Inspired by new developments in this field which require more sophisticated mathematical models, the current investigation examines the laminar viscoplastic boundary layer flow and mixed convective heat transfer over a power‐law nonlinear stretching surface. To simulate thermal relaxation effects the hyperbolic Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux model is deployed. The non‐Newtonian polymer characteristics are described by employing the Casson flow model. High temperature conditions invoke thermal radiation flux which is analyzed with an algebraic flux model. Via robust similarity transformations, the primitive partial differential conservation equations for momentum and energy equations are rendered into a system of coupled non‐linear ordinary differential equations with associated wall and free stream boundary conditions. The emerging boundary value problem is solved numerically with an efficient Chebyshev Spectral Newton Iterative scheme (CSNIS), in the MATLAB platform. The resulting solutions are discussed for different emerging parameters using graphs and tables. Validation is included with special cases from the literature. With increasing power law stretching index increases, the flow is decelerated, and temperatures are reduced. Increment in mixed convection parameter boosts the velocity but suppresses temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness. Increasing non‐Fourier Deborah number, temperatures are depleted whereas with increasing radiative flux parameter they are increased. With elevation in Casson non‐Newtonian parameter, velocity is decreased whereas temperature is enhanced and Nusselt number is suppressed.
QCD and Supercomputers
Authors: Martinelli Guido
Published: April 2023

The title of this talk should rather have been Lattice QCD and Supercomputers. I will introduce Lattice QCD as the fundamental tool to predict (postdict) the hadron spectrum and most of the matrix elements relevant for hadronic physics in the non-perturbative regime. Lattice calculations are used to study the dynamics of QCD at large temperature or chemical potential, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon,$$g-$$g-2, the nucleon structure functions, the meson scattering amplitudes at low and intermediate energies and, last but not least, the weak matrix elements relevant in flavour physics and CP violation. In this presentation only some example particularly illustrative of the present sophistication and accuracy of lattice QCD calculations will be discussed in some detail.
Bruno Touschek and the Physics at Frascati at the Time of AdA and ADONE
Authors: Greco Mario
Published: April 2023

The physics at Frascati in the years 60–70s is reviewed together with the role played by Bruno Touschek.
Accelerators at LNF: From AdA to EuPRAXIA
Authors: Ghigo Andrea
Published: April 2023

The accelerators realized, installed and operated in the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) from ADONE to the present day are described together with the main characteristics necessary for the experiments that were carried out. The absolutely new elements that characterized all the accelerators realized in LNF and which were then used by other accelerators in the world are described: in particular Bruno Touschek's great contribution to accelerator physics is underlined. Present and future plans are also mentioned in the development of the new generation of accelerators in LNF.
The Making of ADONE
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio
Published: April 2023

We review the history, physics challenges and final success of the electron–positron 1.5 GeV collider ADONE, from its inception as Bruno Touschek’s brainchild to the beginning of elementary particle physics experiments. Many new problems were met along the road to the successful operation of ADONE, like the collective instability effects. These novel phenomena had to be understood and means to control them had to be found to reach ADONE design goals. Bruno contributed in many critical ways to a successful solution of these issues, leading the effort to make colliding beams the important particle physics instruments of discovery that they are today.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Particle Physics
Authors: Jona-Lasinio Giovanni
Published: April 2023

I will review the appearance of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in particle physics at the end of the fifties and beginning of the sixties of the XXth century. I will recall Heisenberg non-linear spinor theory and the genesis of the first model (NJL) of fermion mass generation developed in collaboration with Yoichiro Nambu, based on the idea of spontaneous symmetry breaking. Both the non-linear spinor theory and the NJL model are invariant under a chiral transformation ($$\gamma _5$$

γ
5

—invariance) which was introduced by Bruno Touschek in 1957 and named by Heisenberg the Touschek transformation. Then I will briefly describe the subsequent evolution where the NJL model became an effective theory for low energy QCD and SSB was the key for the electroweak unification. Finally I will consider SSB in non-equilibrium which may be of interest in cosmology.
Multi-messenger Astronomy
Authors: Branchesi Marica
Published: April 2023

On 2015 September 14, the first observation of gravitational-waves by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory detectors concluded a long scientific quest, which began 100 years before with Einstein’s prediction of their existence. This detection opened a new exploration of the Universe making it possible to access the properties of space-time at extreme regime, to probe the properties of compact objects (binary systems of neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes), and investigate their formation and evolution. On August 17, 2017, the first observation of gravitational waves from the inspiral and merger of a binary neutron-star system by the Advanced LIGO and Virgo network, followed 1.7 s later by a weak short gamma-ray burst detected by the Fermi and INTEGRAL satellites initiated the most extensive world-wide observing campaign which led to the detection of multi-wavelength electromagnetic counterparts. Multi-messenger discoveries are unveiling the rich physics of most energetic transient phenomena in the sky, probing relativistic astrophysics, nuclear physics, nucleosynthesis, and cosmology. Here, we give an overview of the recent gravitational-wave and multi-messenger discoveries, and the perspectives for the future.
High Energy Physics and the European Strategy
Authors: Giudice Gian Francesco
Published: April 2023

Some remarks about the outcome of the European Strategy for Particle Physics and the future of high-energy physics in Europe.
Circular Colliders in China
Authors: Wang Yifang
Published: April 2023

The project of the Circular Electron-Positron Collider, CEPC, proposed by the Institute for High Energy Physics, Beijing, IHEP, is illustrated.
AdA at Orsay
Authors: Haïssinski Jacques
Published: April 2023

AdA, acronym for Anello di Accumulazione in Italian, was the first electron−positron storage ring ever built and operated. During a meeting held in the Frascati National Laboratories in February 1960, Bruno Touschek had proposed to equip these Laboratories with an accelerator of a new kind that would allow the investigation of matter−antimatter annihilation. Soon after, Touschek designed AdA, an e+e− storage ring prototype. Quickly built, AdA was first commissioned in Frascati where the behavior of the counter rotating beams was investigated in the low stored particle number regime. Then, in 1962, AdA was brought on a truck to the Orsay Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire to benefit from the high intensity electron linear accelerator available there. The commissioning was then continued by a small Italo-French collaboration which pursued the study of the machine performances, collective effects included. Exploring this entirely new accelerator physics domain was a unique and exciting period for the team. It lasted close to two years during which the beam lifetime limitations, the size of the stored bunches and the particle-antiparticle collision rate were measured. By the end of that period, the basic underlying concept of e+e− colliders was established, showing that the road to future powerful colliders was open.
Role of Bruno Touschek in the Realization of the Particle-Antiparticle Colliders
Authors: Rubbia Carlo
Published: April 2023

Recollections about meeting and collaborating with Bruno Touschek.
From the Hadronic String to Quantum Gravity ... and Back
Authors: Veneziano Gabriele
Published: April 2023

I will outline the conceptual developments that led, through half a century, to the present formulation of string theory. The phenomenological observation of Dolen-Horn-Schmit “duality” in 1967, the formulation, a year later, of the Dual Resonance Model, and its eventual interpretation as a theory of quantum relativistic strings, marked the birth of the hadronic string. Immediately after, however, this elegant S-matrix theory of the strong interactions lost its phenomenological battle against a more, but not quite, conventional quantum field theory risking, around 1974, total oblivion. Nonetheless, ten years later, upon a huge rescaling of its intrinsic length scale, string theory made an impressive comeback as a candidate unified and finite quantum theory of all interactions, including gravity. This dream of a “Theory of Everything” has not come true yet, but new developments have uncovered an amazing new “duality” between gauge and gravitational interactions making it conceivable that the real hadronic string (the one implied by the confinement of quarks and gluons in QCD) will be eventually understood by addressing an easier gravitational problem.
The Euclidean Adler function and its interplay with $$ \Delta {\alpha}_{\textrm{QED}}^{\textrm{had}} $$ and αs
Authors: Davier M. , Díaz-Calderón D. , Malaescu B. , Pich A. , Rodríguez-Sánchez A. , Zhang Z.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Three different approaches to precisely describe the Adler function in the Euclidean regime at around 2 GeVs are available: dispersion relations based on the hadronic production data ine+e−annihilation, lattice simulations and perturbative QCD (pQCD). We make a comprehensive study of the perturbative approach, supplemented with the leading power corrections in the operator product expansion. All known contributions are included, with a careful assessment of uncertainties. The pQCD predictions are compared with the Adler functions extracted from$$ \Delta {\alpha}_{\textrm{QED}}^{\textrm{had}} $$ΔαQEDhad(Q2), using both the DHMZ compilation ofe+e−data and published lattice results. Taking as input the FLAG value ofαs, the pQCD Adler function turns out to be in good agreement with the lattice data, while the dispersive results lie systematically below them. Finally, we explore the sensitivity toαsof the direct comparison between the data-driven, lattice and QCD Euclidean Adler functions. The precision with which the renormalisation group equation can be tested is also evaluated.
Analytic bootstrap for the localized magnetic field
Authors: Bianchi Lorenzo , Bonomi Davide , de Sabbata Elia
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We study the two-point function of local operators in the critical O(N) model in the presence of a magnetic field localized on a line. We use a recently developed conformal dispersion relation to compute the correlator at first order in the ϵ-expansion and we extract the full set of defect and bulk CFT data using the Lorentzian inversion formulae. The only input for the computation of the connected correlator is its discontinuity at first order in perturbation theory, which is determined by the anomalous dimension of a single bulk operator. We discuss possible low-spin ambiguities and perform several diagrammatic checks of our results.
Microplastic pollution in the sediments of interconnected lakebed, seabed, and seashore aquatic environments: polymer-specific total mass through the multianalytical “PISA” procedure
Authors: Corti Andrea , La Nasa Jacopo , Biale Greta , Ceccarini Alessio , Manariti Antonella , Petri Filippo , Modugno Francesca , Castelvetro Valter
Published: April 2023

The total mass of individual synthetic polymers present as microplastic (MP < 2 mm) pollutants in the sediments of interconnected aquatic environments was determined adopting the Polymer Identification and Specific Analysis (PISA) procedure. The investigated area includes a coastal lakebed (Massaciuccoli), a coastal seabed (Serchio River estuarine), and a sandy beach (Lecciona), all within a natural park area in Tuscany (Italy). Polyolefins, poly(styrene) (PS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and the polyamides poly(caprolactame) (Nylon 6) and poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (Nylon 6,6) were fractionated and quantified through a sequence of selective solvent extractions followed by either analytical pyrolysis or reversed-phase HPLC analysis of the products of hydrolytic depolymerizations under acidic and alkaline conditions. The highest concentrations of polyolefins (highly degraded, up to 864 µg/kg of dry sediment) and PS (up to 1138 µg/kg) MPs were found in the beach dune sector, where larger plastic debris are not removed by the cyclic swash action and are thus prone to further aging and fragmentation. Surprisingly, low concentrations of less degraded polyolefins (around 30 µg/kg) were found throughout the transect zones of the beach. Positive correlation was found between polar polymers (PVC, PC) and phthalates, most likely absorbed from polluted environments. PET and nylons above their respective LOQ values were found in the lakebed and estuarine seabed hot spots. The pollution levels suggest a significant contribution from riverine and canalized surface waters collecting urban (treated) wastewaters and waters from Serchio River and the much larger Arno River aquifers, characterized by a high anthropogenic pressure.

Graphical abstract
Correlation Analysis Between Demographic, Surgical, and Pathological Characteristics with Local Recurrence‐Free Survival for Surgical Resected Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Zhao Xudong , Gao Jingwang , Zhou Sixin , Li Peiyu , Liu Na
Published: April 2023

Background

As the leading cause of mortality for retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) cases, postoperative recurrence has complicated and unclear risk factors. This study was conducted to explore the correlations between demographic, surgical, and pathological characteristics with local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) for surgical resected RPLS.

Methods

RPLS cases that underwent radical operation were considered to be included in this analysis. LRFS rates were estimated based on the Kaplan–Meier method and were compared between groups by the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were constructed to identified the predictors of LRFS. Subsequently, the independent predictors acquired from multivariate analyses were used to construct a nomogram.

Results

348 RPLS cases who underwent radical operation were included. Of the 348 cases, 333 had tumor recurrence or with a follow‐up period ≥5 years. Thus, 296 (88.9%) of the 333 cases had recurrent disease, and the median LRFS duration of 296 recurrence cases was 17.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.2–20.8) months. Multivariate analysis identified the preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), surgical frequency, operative time, tumor shape, histological subtype, and tumor necrosis as independent predictors of LRFS. Based on above independent predictors, a nomogram was constructed to predict the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year LRFS of surgical resected RPLS.

Conclusion

Elevated preoperative NLR, ≥2nd time surgical frequency, extended operation time, irregular tumor shape, no well‐differentiated histological subtype, and tumor necrosis could be used as predictors of LRFS for surgical resected RPLS.
Attackenangst bei Migräne: Diagnostik und Behandlung
Authors: Klan Timo , Diezemann-Prößdorf Anke , Guth Anna-Lena , Gaul Charly , Witthöft Michael
Published: April 2023

Im Kontext von Kopfschmerzerkrankungen beschreibt der Begriff „Attackenangst“ die Furcht vor dem Auftreten einer Kopfschmerzattacke. Ein Übermaß an Attackenangst kann sich ungünstig auf den Krankheitsverlauf bei Migräne auswirken und zu einer Verstärkung der Migräneaktivität führen. Zur Diagnostik von Attackenangst stehen der kategoriale Ansatz (Attackenangst als spezifische Phobie) sowie der dimensionale Ansatz (Erfassung des Angstausmaßes mittels Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen) zur Verfügung. Als Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen liegt mit dem 29 Items umfassenden Fragebogen zur Attackenangst bei Migräne (FAMI) ein ökonomisches Messinstrument mit guten psychometrischen Eigenschaften vor. Zur Behandlung von Attackenangst bei Migräne existieren neben medikamentösen Maßnahmen auch gezielte verhaltenstherapeutische Interventionen. Die nebenwirkungsarmen verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionen sind an die Behandlung von gängigen Angststörungen (z. B. Agoraphobie) angelehnt. Ein Wirksamkeitsnachweis für spezifische Interventionen zur Behandlung von Attackenangst bei Migräne steht noch aus. Im Rahmen der Kopfschmerzanamnese und -behandlung sollte Attackenangst dennoch adressiert werden.
Discrete representation learning for handwritten text recognition
Authors: Davoudi Homa , Traviglia Arianna
Published: April 2023

Handwritten text recognition, i.e., the conversion of scanned handwritten documents into machine-readable text, is a complex exercise due to the variability and complexity of handwriting. A common approach in handwritten text recognition consists of a feature extraction step followed by a recognizer. In this paper, we propose a novel DNN architecture for handwritten text recognition that extracts discrete representation from the input text-line image. The proposed model is constructed of an encoder–decoder network with an added quantization layer which applies a dictionary of representative vectors to discretize the latent variables. The dictionary and the network parameters are trained jointly through the k-means algorithm and back propagation, respectively. The performance of the suggested model is evaluated through conducting extensive experiments on five datasets, analyzing the effect of discrete representation on handwriting recognition. The results demonstrate that the use of feature discretization improves the performance of deep handwriting text recognition models when compared to the conventional DNN models with continuous representation. Specifically, the character error rate is decreased by $$22\%$$

22
%

and $$21.1\%$$

21.1
%

on IAM and ICFHR18 datasets, respectively.