bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a phantom based learning model for medical students to achieve ultrasound-guided vascular access – a prospective study
Authors: Jagoda Philippe , Stroeder Jonas , Buecker Arno , Gawlitza Joshua , Frenzel Felix , Raczeck Paul
Published: May 2020

Background:
This prospective study evaluated the learning curve of inexperienced medical students in successfully establishing an ultrasound guided vessel access.

Methods:
Medical students (n=11) with no experience in ultrasound imaging were asked to perform an ultrasound- guided vessel access simulated by a gelatin based phantom model. Success rates and time of procedures were measured. Afterwards, every student underwent peer-teaching with both theoretical information given and practical training skills applied. Then, every student had to perform the very same procedure again and results were compared in a prior- to post-teaching scenario with paired t-test.

Results:
After theoretical and practical teaching lessons all students were able to successfully establish an ultrasound-guided vascular access. Prior to teaching sessions, only 4 out of 11 students managed to successfully perform the procedure. Success rate rose from 36.4% to 100%. Mean number of attempts were 2.5 +- 1.3 before, and 1.2 +- 0.4 after teaching (p < 0.05). Overall time to successful guide wire placement improved from 291+-8 seconds to 151+-37 seconds (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
In a gelatin based phantom model for ultrasound-guided vascular access medical students demonstrate significantly improved practical puncture skills and thus a steep learning curve.
Molecular docking of natural compounds from tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) against SARS-CoV-2 protein targets
Authors: Kumar Arun
Published: May 2020

Background: Antiviral activity of tulsi and neem extracts are widely reported. Selected natural compounds from tulsi and neem were hence screened for their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 targets. Materials and Methods: Using molecular docking tools, the binding efficacy of natural compounds from tulsi and neem were tested against three key SARS-CoV-2 targets i.e., 1) surface glycoprotein (6VSB) responsible for viral attachment, 2) RNA dependent RNA polymerase (6M71) responsible for viral replication and 3) main protease (6Y84) responsible for viral replication. Results: Methyl eugenol, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid had high binding efficacy against surface spike glycoprotein and RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2. Epoxyazadiradione, Gedunin, Methyl eugenol, Oleanolic acid and Ursolic acid showed high binding efficacy against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Binding efficacy of natural compounds from tulsi and neem was superior to that of the standard drugs Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Remdesivir. Conclusion: Natural compounds from tulsi and neem have high binding efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 targets involved in viral attachment and replication, hence will be useful in the management of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 may present with an itchy erythematous papular rash: a case report
Authors: Serafini Alice , Kurotschka Peter K. , Bertolani Mariabeatrice , Riccomi Silvia
Published: May 2020

Background: the most commonly reported clinical manifestations of Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) are: fever, fatigue, dry cough, anorexia, myalgias, dyspnoea and sputum production. Other, rarer, manifestations include headache, sore throat, rhinorrhoea, nausea, diarrhoea and olfactory or taste disorders. Two recent small-scale studies suggest the possibility of a skin rash being a clinical presentation of the disease. The purpose of our case report is to bring attention to an atypical presentation of the disease (skin rash) and reflect on the importance of the correct identification of COVID-19 suspicious symptoms as part of the crucial activity of case-finding in primary care.Case presentation: the patient is an Italian 32 years old female nurse who has had several close contacts to COVID-19 cases during her working shifts. On the 13 th March 2020 she developed an itchy erythematous papular rash sparing only her sparing only her face, scalp and abdomen. One week later she developed fever and diarrhoea. During the first week of remote assessment carried out by her General Practitioner (GP), she gradually developed a dry cough, intermittent fever and diarrhoea. At the time of article submission (31 days after the symptoms onset), she has not completely recovered and is still suffering of a dry cough, headache, fatigue and, occasionally, diarrhoea.Conclusions: this study suggest that skin manifestations could be an early presentation of COVID-19 and, during outbreaks, they should be taken into proper account by primary care providers as possibly caused by Sars-Cov-2. Early identification of COVID-19 patients is a crucial part of the strategy of case detection and case isolation, which has shown to be crucial in the reduction of incidence and COVID-19-related mortality. Further research is needed to establish frequency, symptoms, signs, pathogenesis and role in case detection of skin manifestations in COVID-19 patients.
Clinical features and laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Du Yan , Xu Yunfang , Jing Yang , Wu Jing , Zhang Jingqi , Yue Ming , Liu Xingxiang , Dong Chen
Published: May 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a new emerging public health crisis to the world. However, data are still limited on the clinical features and laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients.Methods: Medical records including demographics characteristics, clinical features, laboratory findings and radiological materials of 66 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were collected between Jan 23 and Mar 9, 2020. Symptoms/signs with potential association with the disease severity were analyzed.Results: Of 66 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 44:22. There were eight cases potentially exposed to one single patient. The most common initial symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection were fever (77.3%) and cough (74.2%). Compared to those with non-severe infection, the severe patients were more likely to be older (62.6 ± 15.1 vs 46.9 ± 13.3 years. P = 0.001) and with more infected lobes. As the results shown, higher initial (on admission) and peak (during hospitalization) counts of lymphocyte were inversely associated with the severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (both OR: 0.01 every 1´109/L decrease). However, the elevated initial neutrophil counts (OR: 1.63 every 1´109/L increase), initial and peak levels of LDH (OR: 1.02 and 1.01 every 1 U/L increase), peak levels of CRP (OR: 1.03 every 1 mg/L increase), AST (OR: 1.06 every 1 U/L increase) and ALT (OR: 1.02 every 1 U/L increase) were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity.Conclusion: Our present study indicated that fever and cough were the most common initial symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the virus could be efficiently spread by person-to-person transmission. In addition, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, and serum levels of AST, ALT, CRP and LDH should be useful for the evaluation on COVID-19 severity.
DIREITO PENAL COMO INSTRUMENTO IDEOLÓGICO PATRIARCAL
Authors: POLI Beatriz Capalbo , GERA Marcos Silvestre
Published: May 2020

Desenvolve-se uma análise sobre o poder ideológico patriarcal por intermédio do Direito Penal, como forma de manter seu status e poder. Objetiva-se trazer à luz do bom-senso o assunto, destacando os processos de naturalização - apresentar como naturais processos decorrentes de ações humanas, portanto, históricas -, e universalização - apresentar como universais os valores da classe dominante de uma sociedade, estendendo seus valores às outras, de forma sutil, como se fossem igualmente importantes para todas as classes sociais - que conceitos provenientes da ideologia patriarcal passaram por meio do Direito Penal, que atua como emissor e receptor destes. Apesar das alterações e revogações de dispositivos prejudiciais às mulheres e conquistas de novos direitos para sua proteção; o legado ideológico dos conceitos machistas e patriarcais, que estão ou estiveram presentes no Direito Brasileiro, continuam, até a atualidade, podendo ser demonstrado pelo número crescente de casos de crimes contra mulheres, bem como pela opinião popular que continua em grande medida culpando a vítima pelas mais diversas atrocidades praticadas em detrimento dela. Ou seja, as mudanças acontecem pela pressão dos movimentos sociais, entretanto, não há o pleno entendimento dos reais motivos dessas demandas, gerando alterações no macro, sem haver entendimento de base, para que de fato haja uma mudança na mentalidade do senso comum, a caminho do bom senso. Através dos métodos dedutivo bibliográfico e histórico, esclarece-se os assuntos relativos ao tema da pesquisa, visando a superação da naturalização da ideologia.  Palavras-chave: Poder ideológico patriarcal. Direito Penal. Machismo. Feminismo.
HONORÁRIOS ADVOCATÍCIOS SUCUMBENCIAIS NA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO APÓS A LEI 13.467 DE 2017
Authors: FURNIEL Kairon Bruno , OLIVEIRA Maria Cláudia Santana Lima de
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo científico abordou o tema: honorários advocatícios sucumbenciais na Justiça do Trabalho após a Lei 13.467 de 2017. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e legislativa, com o objetivo de abordar no geral a discussão doutrinária sobre o tema, concluindo com algumas das consequências da alteração dessa regra da Reforma Trabalhista do ano 2017. Diante disso, os honorários advocatícios sucumbenciais contêm grande relevância ao atual cenário do Direito brasileiro, visto que houve modificação nos dispositivos legais há pouco tempo, o que causou alvoroço entre os juristas. Sendo assim, os capítulos do presente artigo científico estarão disposto a fim de elucidar qualquer dúvida do tema. O primeiro explicou o jus postulandi na Justiça do Trabalho. No segundo, foram demonstradas as regras dos honorários advocatícios antes da Lei 13.467 de 2017. No terceiro, contrapondo o antecessor, as alterações quantos ao novo entendimento da Justiça do Trabalho. No capítulo final, foi explicada a atual divergência sobre os honorários advocatícios sucumbenciais, que se refere a sua aplicabilidade temporal e a constitucionalidade do §3° do art. 791-A da Lei 13.467 de 2017. Ao fim, foram apresentadas as considerações finais, momento que relevou as principais discussões sobre o tema, e ressaltou as suas soluções dadas pelo legislador ou pelo Poder Judiciário, acrescentando as vantagens ou desvantagens analisadas sobre a utilização da nova regra sobre os honorários advocatícios sucumbenciais na Justiça Trabalhista.
ANÁLISE DO FORO ESPECIAL POR PRERROGATIVA DE FUNÇÃO NO JULGAMENTO DE CRIMES COMUNS E MODIFICAÇÕES GERADAS NA AÇÃO PENAL 937
Authors: TALIBERTI Júlio Dias
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o foro especial por prerrogativa de função, no tocante ao julgamento de crimes comuns, de modo a entender o instituto e seus procedimentos, bem como compreender as modificações geradas na questão de ordem da ação penal 937. Para isso, faz-se um estudo da legislação história e vigente, bem como uma ampla pesquisa jurisprudencial, abordando discussões polêmicas e atuais sobre a prerrogativa de função. Deste modo, é possível compreender que a real intenção do foro especial não é proteger indiscriminadamente autoridades, mas sim evitar que estas sejam expostas aos azares dos julgamentos de juízes singulares e do inconsciente coletivo das ruas. A análise dos procedimentos da ação penal originária na prerrogativa examina todas as fases envolvidas no processo penal, desde a fase preparatória até a execução da decisão, permitindo entender os trâmites. Quanto às mudanças advindas da questão de ordem da ação penal 937 é possível entender como o instituto passará a funcionar, bem como verificar o ativismo judicial praticado pelo Supremo; que com a alteração, reduz, em muito, sua competência para o julgamento destas ações.
“HOMICÍDIO PIEDOSO” – O DIREITO A UMA MORTE DIGNA: ANÁLISE DA LEGALIDADE DA EUTANÁSIA FRENTE À JUNÇÃO DO DIREITO À VIDA COM O PRINCÍPIO CONSTITUCIONAL DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA
Authors: SASSI Ana Paula Zappellini
Published: May 2020

A eutanásia é um procedimento através do qual o médico, baseado na vontade do doente, põe fim à sua vida. No brasil, é considerada um atentado ao direito à vida. Tomou-se, nesta pesquisa, direção contrária à atualmente seguida no País, analisando-se a eutanásia não como instrumento utilizado para retirar a vida do ser humano, mas sim como meio de defesa da dignidade da pessoa em fim de vida, que tem a morte como efeito secundário. Diante da união do direito à vida com o princípio da dignidade humana, entendeu-se que o indivíduo em situação terminal, que sofre de maneira a considerar que sua dignidade em vida está sendo violada, tem a autonomia de decidir sobre sua morte, optando por um fim de vida rápido e sem dor.
JUSTIÇA FISCAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA APLICAÇÃO DO PRINCÍPIO DA CAPACIDADE CONTRIBUTIVA A LUZ DO IPVA
Authors: FARACO Gabriel Araujo
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar os princípios tributários trazidos pela Constituição Federal de 1998, no Título VI, da Tributação e do Orçamento, Capitulo I, do Sistema Tributário Nacional, Seção II, das limitações ao poder de tributar e analisar a aplicação no caso concreto destes princípios, especialmente o Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva e se estes realmente operam como mecanismos de defesa do contribuinte frente a atuação do Estado no campo do direito tributário.  É necessário esclarecer que o modelo de tributação de um país deve buscar atingir vários objetivos, às vezes conflitantes. O primeiro desses objetivos é arrecadar para financiar políticas públicas, em segundo lugar, os tributos de um país devem gerar o mínimo de distorções econômicas que prejudicam o crescimento. Por fim, a tributação deve contribuir para melhorar a distribuição de renda do país. No presente trabalho, o foco será a aplicabilidade dos referidos princípios da cobrança do Imposto sobre Propriedades de Veículos Automotores – IPVA. Assim, serviços essenciais à população, como educação, saúde, moradia e segurança, considerados direitos fundamentais pela Constituição Federal de 1988, são muito mal prestados aos cidadãos, embora a administração pública seja remunerada (e muito bem) para oferecê-los com boa qualidade a todos.
SEGURANÇA DE DADOS PESSOAIS NA INTERNET SOB A ÉGIDE DOS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: SILVA Ingrid Almeida , GARCIA Sílvio Marques
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo a exposição de conhecimentos sobre o contexto histórico de criação da Internet, de relevantes conceitos do Direito Digital e Civil, além de tratar dos direitos fundamentais da privacidade e da intimidade, os quais possuem a proteção de diversos tratados internacionais, da Constituição Federal, do Código Civil, da Lei nº 12.965/2014 (Marco Civil da Internet) e da Lei n. 13.709/2018 (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais) e de medidas possíveis para garantir uma maior segurança aos dados pessoais dos usuários.
O PEDIDO DE REFÚGIO NO BRASIL E O CONTEXTO ATUAL DOS REFUGIADOS
Authors: AMORIM João Vítor Lopes , MORAES Ana Paula Bagaiolo
Published: May 2020

O refúgio representa uma classificação de pessoas às quais são atribuídos direitos específicos ao seu acolhimento em território diverso daquele em que são naturais, observada a presença de perseguições e violação de direitos humanos. Nesse contexto, o Brasil demonstra-se um Estado inovador com relação à legislação positivada sobre o tema. Contudo, a prática cotidiana demonstra que tão somente a presença de direitos positivados não é suficiente para o devido acolhimento desses migrantes forçados. Com o aumento anual do recebimento de refugiados, é clara a necessidade de melhor estruturação de políticas públicas para a sua integração social, convocando a Administração Pública a manifestar-se sobre a questão.
UMA VISÃO CONSTITUCIONAL SOBRE O FENÔMENO SOCIAL DE CHARLOTTESVILLE: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO PELA PENALIZAÇÃO DO "HATE SPEECH".
Authors: GIRARDI Cícero , MALARDO Igor , MARTOS Frederico Thales de Araújo
Published: May 2020

A presente pesquisa trata do polêmico tópico acerca da limitação da liberdade de expressão, ressaltando o porquê, na opinião dos pesquisadores, este dispositivo deve sofrer limitação quanto a seu conteúdo no caso do chamado discurso de ódio. O discurso de ódio nada mais é que aquele discurso que trata um indivíduo ou uma classe de indivíduos de maneira preconceituosa e intolerante, por quaisquer motivos que sejam, visando diminuí-los frente ao restante da humanidade. Acontece que, seguiu-se o entendimento que a liberdade de expressão irrestrita acarreta por despromover uma sociedade juridicamente e socialmente mais solidária. Além de passar, para a sociedade, as visões preconceituosas em geral como aceitáveis, uma vez que protegidas todas formas de se expressar. Para isso, utilizou-se como exemplo desse paradigma as manifestações de cunho racista acontecidas em Charlottesville, cidade americana localizada no estado de Virgínia, em julho de 2017. Este fenômeno mostrou-se um exemplo perfeito, pois escancara a possibilidade do que pode ocorrer uma vez toleradas aquelas ideias que em sua natureza são intolerantes. Este modo de pensar é o que Karl Popper denominou como princípio da tolerância, que rege basicamente que se tolerarmos aqueles ideais intolerantes, na verdade, estaríamos contribuindo para o fim da tolerância. Ademais, neste acontecimento restou claro o discurso de ódio proferido pelos chamados supremacistas brancos dos Estados Unidos da América, que saíram às ruas proferindo ideias racistas e nazistas. Dessa maneira, evidente que surge um confronto entre a liberdade de expressão e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Mais que isso, mostrou-se que a penalização do discurso de ódio é a melhor maneira de se desencorajar e reger a limitação da liberdade de expressão afim de que se possa garantir a dignidade da pessoa humana de determinados grupos e pessoas. Desse modo, restou necessário o estudo de como essa matéria é disciplinada no Brasil, bem como o estudo de casos emblemáticos acerca desse assunto, como, por exemplo, o caso Ellwanger, considerado como o caso mais importante inserido nesse contexto.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PELA QUALIDADE DA ALIMENTAÇÃO
Authors: BARBOSA Guilherme Gumiero , ROCHA Manoel Ilson Cordeiro
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho destina-se a propagação do direito à alimentação escolar, bem como rapidamente demonstrar o que seria uma alimentação de qualidade. Dada a necessidade de muitos alunos da Rede Pública de ensino em ter uma alimentação oferecida na escola, fala-se em alimentação fornecida pela administração pública, logo, administração presta um serviço para a comunidade, desta forma é responsável por aquilo que fornece. Quando presta esse serviço de forma ineficiente há que se falar em responsabilidade civil da administração, já que seria responsável diretamente pelos serviços por seus agentes prestados.  Interessante   expor, que não se faz necessária a ilicitude da conduta praticada, mas simplesmente que esta conduta causou efetivo dano a outrem.  O corpo discente no Brasil, tem reconhecidamente o direito à alimentação escolar, porém não basta apenas fornecer, mas sim fornecer com qualidade, respeitando as necessidades nutricionais diárias de cada faixa etária.
Dolomite and Micronutrient Fertilizer Affect Phosphorus Fate When Growing Crape Myrtle in Pine Bark
Authors: Shreckhise Jacob H. , Owen James S. , Eick Matthew J. , Niemiera Alexander X. , Altland James E. , Jackson Brian E.
Published: May 2020

Soilless substrates are routinely amended with dolomite and sulfate-based micronutrients to improve fertility, but the effect of these amendments on phosphorous (P) in substrate pore-water during containerized crop production is poorly understood. The objectives of this research were as follows: compare the effects of dolomite and sulfate-based micronutrient amendments on total P (TP), total dissolved P (TDP), orthophosphate P (OP), and particulate P (PP; TP − TDP) concentrations in pour-through extracts; to model saturated solid phases in substrate pore-water using Visual MINTEQ; and to assess the effects of dolomite and micronutrient amendments on growth and subsequent P uptake efficiency (PUE) of Lagerstroemia L. ‘Natchez’ (crape myrtle) potted in pine bark. Containerized crape myrtle were grown in a greenhouse for 93 days in a 100% pine bark substrate containing a polymer-coated 19N–2.6P–10.8K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) and one of four substrate amendment treatments: no dolomite or micronutrients (control), 2.97 kg·m−3 dolomite (FL); 0.89 kg·m−3 micronutrients (FM); or both dolomite and micronutrients (FLM). Pour-through extracts were collected approximately weekly and fractioned to measure pore-water TP, TDP, and OP and to calculate PP. Particulate P concentrations in pour-through extracts were generally unaffected by amendments. Relative to the control, amending pine bark with FLM reduced water-extractable OP, TDP, and TP concentrations by ≈56%, had no effect on P uptake efficiency, and resulted in 34% higher total dry weight (TDW) of crape myrtle. The FM substrate had effects similar to those of FLM on plant TDW and PUE, and FM reduced pore-water OP, TDP, and TP concentrations by 32% to 36% compared with the control. Crape myrtle grown in FL had 28% lower TDW but pour-through OP, TDP, and TP concentrations were similar to those of the control. Chemical conditions in FLM were favorable for precipitation of manganese hydrogen phosphate (MnHPO4), which may have contributed to lower water-extractable P concentrations in this treatment. This research suggests that amending pine bark substrate with dolomite and a sulfate-based micronutrient fertilizer should be considered a best management practice for nursery crop production.
The problem of refusal from immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: results of a multi-center sociological study
Authors: Kazykina T. N. , Sterlikov S. A. , Borisova E. S. , Gripekina N. V. , Dolzhenko E. N. , Elenkina Zh. V. , Kozlova L. V. , Maliev B. M. , Fadeev P. A. , Khorotetto V. A.
Published: May 2020

The objective: to study the reasons for the refusal of legally authorized representatives of children to conduct mass immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis using a representative sample of population and to outline possible ways to change this negative situation.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted. In 8 regions of the Russian Federation, the survey was conducted in 1,059 legally authorized representatives of children refusing to undergo mass immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis. The following main reasons for refusal were found out: fear of side effects and complications (32.6%), distrust in the quality of the test (29.7%), lack of understanding of the need to examine a child for tuberculosis. 72.2% of respondents demonstrated poor awareness of the problem of tuberculosis – they denied this problem or associated it with a different social environment, which was fertile ground for negative information received through various channels. To solve this problem, it is necessary to intensify health education in various groups of the population, including work with religious communities. Additional resources can be used such as targeted social advertisements, which will allow covering with health education propaganda of 33.1% of people who do not want to receive information about tuberculosis, expanding the regulation for the use of alternative methods of screening for tuberculosis.

The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.
Conceptos fundamentales del pensamiento estético
Authors: Álvarez Ramírez William
Published: May 2020

Este texto expone algunos conceptos centrales sobre el pensamiento estético o para una epistemología del arte. Con un recurso hermenéutico se comprenden algunos conceptos a partir de Aristóteles, Nietzsche y Kant, entre otros. Hay en estos autores y conceptos en su fundamentoun sistema estético que permite la epistemología del arte y su función central en la formación del sujeto humano. Con la reflexión sobre el pensamiento estético es posible explicar los ámbitos del arte que comprenden tanto la recepción como la producción del objeto artístico y su carácter simbólico; sus relaciones con el mundo de la sociabilidad y la obra de arte como resultado de la síntesis trascendental del sujeto en la cultura, en su sensibilidad y en producción implicada consigo mismo de los productos artísticos y estéticos, es decir, del hombre como creador.
Sobre el derecho a la resistencia según Thomas Hobbes y John Locke
Authors: Vera Díaz Adriana
Published: May 2020

El empleo del derecho a la resistencia no tiende de alguna manera a realizar las aspiraciones populares, sino a defender o restaurar el orden establecido; por tanto, al reconocer el derecho de resistencia se pretende que sea un medio para que el príncipe reflexione y de esta manera hacerle respetar la legalidad. Por ende, el presente escrito, expondrá el pensamiento de Thomas Hobbes y John Locke estableciendo los posibles acuerdos y desacuerdos con respecto a sus teorías políticas especialmente el que acá concierne, a saber: el derecho a la resistencia
Hacia una explicación naturalizada del problema filosófico de las otras mentes
Authors: Gòmez Tabares Anyerson Stiths , Ospina José Fernando , Micolta Henao Andres Felipe
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se pretende mostrar que el tratamiento de algunos problemas tradicionales de la filosofía de mente, para el caso de este trabajo, el problema de las otras mentes, debe articularse a una visión naturalista del mundo, y en coherencia con ello, al estudio empírico de las ciencias cognitivas, de tal manera que, la reflexión meta-teórica propia de la filosofía soporte sus principios metafísicos, epistemológicos y lógicos desde el andamiaje de la evidencia empírica.

Se intentará utilizar una metodología naturalista basada en la revisión de teorías científicas con evidencia empírica en el campo de la neurociencia cognitiva, la etología y la psicología cognitiva sobre el problema filosófico de las otras mentes y de cómo el constructo científico de teoría de la mente (ToM) puede aportar a su solución o reformulación. Esto supone, ciertamente, una re-evaluación del problema filosófico, sus argumentos e intentos de solución, resultado de una naturalización fructífera anclada a una visión teleológica de la evolución cognitiva-social del ser humano y otras especies.
Fake News
Authors: Pallitt Nicola
Published: May 2020

Fake news has been around for longer than the coronavirus
but it is taking a particularly dangerous form right now. In an era of
anti-intellectualism, where evidence-based knowledge and scientists are set aside
in favour of click-bait and celebrities, those in higher education need to step
up and make a difference.
Keeping a lid on your mental health during the lockdown
Authors: Pallitt Nicola
Published: May 2020

The guidance below is a brief compilation of suggestions that might help you better manage your mood and anxiety over the lockdown period (or help prevent these from worsening), when so many of our normal coping mechanisms are necessarily curtailed. The list starts with some general suggestions that are applicable to all of us,

including those who already struggle with psychological distress, and then goes on to describe some specific suggestions for those of us who struggle with specific anxiety disorders and depression. However, this is not a substitute for psychological or psychiatric treatment.
Tips for online communication – Working online with respect, kindness ​and​ criticality
Authors: Pallitt Nicola
Published: May 2020

Academic knowledge creation needs to be critical. It is built on the idea of challenging ideas and calling for stronger evidence. But being critical does not mean being cruel or careless.

Here are a few tips to consider when taking your academic engagements from face-to-face to online.
Using the RUConnected App
Authors: Pallitt Nicola
Published: May 2020

The RUconnected app was released this year on Android and is available from the play store at this link (you will require 14mb of data to download the app). The Apple app will be launched soon. The RUconnected app allows for browsing content for your courses and to download your content to your device, to contact other people in courses, upload images, documents, video or audio files from your mobile device and many other features on RUconnected. This document will introduce the app by describing the basic features of the application.
'RU Learning Online - Online Orientation for Students'
Authors: Pallitt Nicola
Published: May 2020

This is a collection of Open educational resources (OERs) designed to support the Online Learning Programme at Rhodes University.

Open educational resources (OER) are freely accessible, openly licensed text, media, and other digital assets that are useful for teaching, learning, and assessing as well as for research purposes.
Human activity impact on surface water quality in semi-arid regions: a case study of Aïnzeda lake (North-East Algeria)
Authors: Mebarkia Abdelhafid , Boufekane Abdelmadjid
Published: May 2020

Water resources scarcity in Algeria, their fragility and their unequal distribution have resulted in a serious shortage, which, in spite of all the efforts, seems inevitable. This study consists of evaluating the impact of human activity on the water quality of Aïnzeda lake (NE Algeria), a typical case study of the difficulties posed by the problem of surface water quality in semi-arid regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the trend method were applied to interpret the physico-chemical data of monthly analyzed samples, over a 25-year period (1988–2012). The trend method results show that most chemical elements have a direct relationship with urbanization and agricultural practices in the area. The change in the watershed climatic conditions (increase of 9% in air temperature, 7% in the lake water temperature, and decrease of 8% in precipitation) is also responsible for the degradation of the water quality. The PCA shows that salinization (51.73%), and anthropogenic and agricultural pollution (13.49%) are the most significant degradation factors. These two approaches have enabled us to prove that aridity and anthropogenic or agricultural activities have a negative impact on the lake's surface water quality.
Upcoming Drifts in Bio-similars
Authors: Aggarwal Geeta , Nagpal Manju , Sharma Ameya , Puri Vivek , Dhingra Gitika Arora
Published: May 2020

Background:

Biopharmaceuticals such as biological, medicinal products have been in
clinical use over the past three decades and have benefited the therapy of degenerative and critical
metabolic diseases. It is forecasted that the market of biologics will be going to increase at a rate of
˃ 20% per year, and by 2025, more than 50% of new drug approvals might be biological products.
The increasing utilization of the biologics necessitates cost control, especially for innovator products
that have a lengthy period of exclusive usage. As the first wave of biopharmaceuticals is expired
or set to expire, it has led to various opportunities for the expansion of bio-similars i.e. copied
versions of original biologics with same the biological activity. Development of biosimilars is expected
to promote market competition, meet worldwide demand, sustain the healthcare systems and
maintain the incentives for innovation.

Methods:

Appraisal of published articles from peer-reviewed journals, PubMed literature, latest
news and guidelines from European Medicine Agency, US Food Drug Administration (FDA) and
India were used to identify data for review.

Results:

Main insights into the quality requirements concerning biologics, the current status of
regulation of bio-similars and upcoming challenges lying for the upgrading of the marketing
authorization of biosimilars have been incorporated. Compiled literature on the therapeutic status,
regulatory guidelines and the emerging trends and opportunities of biosimilars has been thoroughly
stated.

Conclusion:

Updates on biosimilars will support to investigate the possible impact of bio-similars
on the healthcare market.
Магнитоэлектрический эффект в трехслойных асимметричных структурах в области изгибных мод колебаний
Authors: Филиппов Д.А. , Galichyan T.A. , Zhang J. , Liu Ying , Qi Yajun , Zhang Tianjin , Srinivasan G.
Published: May 2020

Abstract A theory of the magnetoelectric effect in three-layer asymmetric structures composed of a piezoelectric layer and two magnetostriction layers with opposite magnetostriction signs is presented. The thickness ratio of the layers is obtained, at which this effect is maximum. It is shown that the sign of the magnetoelectric coefficient changes to opposite (with respect to the initial two-layer structure) with an increase in the third-layer thickness. It is established that the magnetoelectric coefficients of the structures with different arrangements of the layers with positive and negative magnetostriction have opposite signs.
Дипольное упорядочение и ионная проводимость в NASICON-подобных структурах типа Na-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-(PO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Ногай А.С. , Ногай А.А. , Стефанович С.Ю. , Солиходжа Ж.М. , Ускенбаев Д.Е.
Published: May 2020

Abstract The problems of the structural features, the dielectric and conducting properties of Na_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3 polycrystals prepared by hot pressing have been studied. The Na_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3 polycrystals in the α and β phases are shown to have higher conducting properties than the α and β phases of the single crystals grown by the solution–melt method. The regularities of the appearance of the dipole ordering, the ionic and superionic conductivities related to phase transitions and structural changes in the {[Fe_2(PO_4)_3]^3–}_3∞ rhombohedral crystalline frame during polymorphic transformations are refined. The problems of the relaxation polarization in the α and β phases of Na_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3 are discussed. A model for explaining the dipole ordering and the ionic conductivity in Na_3Fe_2(PO_4)_3 is proposed.
Люминесцентные свойства в видимом и коротковолновом ИК-спектральных диапазонах апатитов Sr-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-La-=SUB=-8-x-=/SUB=-Tm-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(GeO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- (x= 0.1-1.0)
Authors: Бакланова Я.В. , Липина О.А. , Сурат Л.Л. , Чуфаров А.Ю. , Тютюнник А.П. , Зубков В.Г.
Published: May 2020

The Sr2La8-xTmx(GeO4)6O2 (x = 0.1–1.0) solid solutions with the apatite structure were synthesized by the solid-state method for the first time, the spectral-luminescence properties were studied and the prospects of these compounds as phosphors of the visible and short-wave infrared ranges were demonstrated. The luminescence of germanates Sr2La8-xTmx(GeO4)6O2 under ultraviolet excitation is characterized by high blue color purity and color coordinates close to commercially available phosphors. In addition, it was shown that Sr2La8-xTmx(GeO4)6O2 compounds efficiently convert 808 nm laser radiation into a series of emission lines in the spectral range of 1.3–2.2 µm due to successive 3H4 → 3F4 and 3F4 →3H6 transitions in Tm3+ ions. The Sr2La7.6Tm0.4(GeO4)6O2 germanate with a maximum emission intensity in the short-wave infrared region demonstrates high thermal stability of luminescence in the range of 30–220 °С.
Поперечные пьезо- и пироэлектрический эффекты в 2D-наноаллотропах нитрида бора, обусловленные риплообразованием
Authors: Браже Р.А. , Долгов Д.А.
Published: May 2020

It is shown that the formation of ripples in the structure of 2D nanoallotropes of boron nitride leads to the occurrence of transverse piezo- and pyroelectric effects in them with temperature-dependent coefficients. The value of these coefficients for various 2D nanoallotropes is calculated. It has been shown that due to the low height of the ripples, the transverse piezoeffect in the considered nanoallotropes is three orders of magnitude weacker, while the pyroelectric effect is quite comparable to that in fluoragraphanes and can find practical application.
Корреляционная природа фазового перехода изолятор--металл в пленках V-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Ильинский А.В. , Шадрин Е.Б.
Published: May 2020

Abstract A complex character of the mechanism of thermal phase transformations from the insulating phase to the metallic phase has been revealed in thin V_2O_3 films. The insulator–metal phase transition in V_2O_3 is shown to consist of two stages: the hysteresis-less temperature-extended electron Mott transition extended in temperature and the stepwise structural Peierls transition with temperature hysteresis. The features of the insulator–metal phase transition revealed for V_2O_3 are discussed. These features are analyzed on the base of their comparison with characteristic features of analogous phase transition in VO_2 films.
Природа открытия и модификации дираковской щели в аксионном антиферромагнитном топологическом изоляторе MnBi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Шикин А.М.
Published: May 2020

Abstract The angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with photoexcitation by laser radiation ( h ν = 6.3 eV) is used to study the modification of the gap open at the Dirac point in an axion antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi_2Te_4 at temperatures higher and lower the Néel temperature (24.5 K). The open gap is shown can have both anomalously high (62–67 meV) and significantly decreased (15–18 meV) values in various MnBi_2Te_4 samples or various areas of the same sample. In both the cases, the gap remains open above the Néel temperature. As a result of the studies, it is assumed that the difference in the widths of the gaps open at the Dirac point is related to the manifestation of the effect of fractionation of axion term θ. The gap width (62–67 meV) that correlates with the result of theoretical calculations corresponds to the state with axion term θ = π. In this case, the experimental observation of the gap at the Dirac point of 15–18 meV corresponds to the effective modulation of the axion term θ = π/4 due to the generation of many-body chiral spin fluctuations and their interaction upon laser photoexcitation.
Speech analysis as a tool for detection and monitoring of medical conditions: a review (Preprint)
Authors: Ziolko Mariusz
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Speech is the main direct means of transmitting information between people. It also carries additional information depending on the state of the speaker: physical features, emotions, psychosocial traits and health conditions. Studying voice features is straightforward, does not require significant investment and can be carried out on a mass scale. However, speech analysis can only be used for initial diagnosis. The outcome of such a pre-diagnosis should indicate the need for standard medical tests. Although speech analysis is currently rarely used in medical diagnostics, it can enable earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment of patients.

OBJECTIVE

This paper is a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent advancements in using voice analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of some diseases. The goal of this article is to present and compare recent approaches to using speech and voice analysis as biomarkers of diseases. The article takes into account metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and nervous system disorders.

METHODS

Articles published between 2010-2019 were selected from PubMed and ISCA Archive, using keywords ‘voice’ and ‘speech’ and respective disorder names. Further selection was performed to identify studies that assessed voice quality quantitatively in selected disorders by acoustic voice analysis (not only perceptual assessment). Information was extracted from each paper in order to compare various aspects of datasets, speech parameters, methods of analysis applied and results obtained. Each chapter starts with a medical description of how each disorder affects voice and contains a summary of different processing approaches, and is supplemented by tables comparing various investigations. Additional diagrams were prepared to illustrate general tendencies and to compare advancements in the state-of-the-art across the analyzed groups of diseases.

RESULTS

Over 90 research papers were reviewed and over 40 databases were summarized. Basic acoustic parameters which are significantly correlated with each given disorder were developed for cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine diseases, as well as schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The affective and neurodegenerative disorders are well investigated and the majority of papers contain automatic voice recognition and machine learning methods. The main sources of problems were identified and some recommendation for future research were set.

CONCLUSIONS

Speech analysis is a promising tool for pre-diagnosis of certain disorders. Advanced computerized voice analysis and machine learning algorithms, and the widespread availability of smartphones, means that a diagnosis may be presented during the patient’s appointment with their physician, and even during a telephone conversation.
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF MICROPARTICULATE RESERVOIR MATRICES FOR COMBINATION THERAPY
Authors: YADAV MANISH
Published: May 2020

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to design and develop controlled release floating beads of Ketoprofenand Pantoprazole sodium. To determine the interaction between excipients used and to find out the nature of drug in the formulation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC) studies were performed.

Methods: The beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique. Sodium alginate and HPMC E5LV was dissolved in deionized water (9:1 sodium alginate: HPMC E5LV) at a concentration of 1-3 % w/v using gentle heat on the water bath. After getting a clear solution, an accurately weighed quantity of Pantoprazole sodium was added and dispersed uniformly into the solution. In a separate beaker, Ketoprofen and calcium carbonate (1:1, Sodium alginate: CaCl2) was dispersed in water and mixed with sodium alginate solution containing Pantoprazole sodium. The bubble-free sodium alginate-drug dispersion (20 ml) was added dropwise via a 22-guage hypodermic needle fitted with a 10 ml syringe into 100 ml of calcium chloride solution (1-2 % w/v) containing 10 % glacial acetic acid and stirred at 400 rpm for 15 min.

Results: From the experimental study, it was concluded that optimized batch F9 showed good micromeritic properties, entrapment efficiency and releases the drug slowly and completely for 12 h as beads remain in floating condition throughout dissolution study that assures prepared formulation remain floated in the stomach without its early passing to lower Gastro-Intestinal Tract(GIT) side. The percentage of drugs release of Ketoprofen and Pantoprazole Sodium was 96.56% and 97.74%, respectively at 12 h.

Conclusion: Combination of different polymer provide sustained release pattern in different concentration. Formulation F9 gives good floating behavior using sodium alginate and HPMC hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in different ratios. In the present study, a satisfactory attempt has been made to formulate gastro retentive floating beads of Ketoprofen and Pantoprazole sodium.
Current issues of improving the pricing system in construction in the transition period
Authors: Korolyov Vladimir P. , German Galina A.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. In the world practice, promotion of structural steel for execution of new effective projects for building and installation construction is linked with innovative introduction of new materials and technologies. This process is specified by the regulatory requirements for reliability of building facilities including indices of load capacity, serviceability and durability. At the same time, the priority is to prevent corrosion damages based on the analysis of the design consideration and assurance of quality of corrosion protection measures. However, for today the possibilities of the concept of limit states as the main instrument for eliminating uncertainty of corrosion protectability parameters are not fully unveiled. The aim of the study is to justify the technical and economic parameters of corrosion protectability in the course of structural steel designing taking into account the required level of structural steel reliability.

Materials and methods. The regulatory requirements for means and methods of corrosion protection of structural steel are analyzed on the basis of limit state design principles. Considered are the features of the process approach for affirming compliance of corrosion protectability indices of structural steel. Established are the conditions that allow carrying out the static check and mathematical modeling of design criteria for load capacity, serviceability and durability. Determined are the nomenclature, indices and methods of offline and online monitoring of the constitutive parameters of corrosion state of structural elements.

Results. The regulations in force based on the interval estimation of indices of corrosion resistance and life of protective coatings describe conditions of protective means designing as a state or case linked with corrosion hazard. Corrosion protectability defines conditions for designing the corrosion protection measures based on the specified design criteria for serviceability and durability. At that, design decisions of primary and secondary protection are justified by means of computational or computational-measuring verification of compliance of quality and reliability indices of protection means

Conclusions. Design characteristics of corrosion resistance and durability obtained by offline and online monitoring of the constitutive parameters of corrosion state of structural elements provide engineering of corrosion protection quality. Management of quality and reliability indices based on corrosion protectability signs lays the groundwork for robust designing measures for the long-term technical and economic protection of building facilities