bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Gathering and Dissemination of the Smelting Process Experience to the Wider Community
Authors: Čimin Robert
Published: September 2021

This contribution discusses ways in which the Koprivnica Town Museum took part in the TransFER project, which had the task of communicating with the public and disseminating the gathered knowledge and skills to the wider audience. It will initially look at the beginning of the project and the circumstances surrounding it, the first attempts at experimental archaeology, the process of mastering the technological processes of smelting, and, finally, it will present the results through various communication tools. These tools basically included workshops and exhibitions in which numerous users of cultural and tourist facilities in Koprivnica and beyond were visually and interactively involved.
Archaeological Record of Iron Metallurgy Along the Drava River
Authors: Sekelj Ivančan Tajana , Karavidović Tena
Published: September 2021

Years of research in the region of Hrvatska Podravina, a lowland area of the lower Drava River basin, resulted in the discovery of more than 150 sites with traces of iron metallurgy visible on the surface. Systematic archaeological excavations on four sites have indicated that iron was being actively produced in this area using local resources during Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, from the 4th/5th century to the 8th/9th. Structures and formations interpreted through the archaeological record indicate that different activities or phases of the chain of operations were carried out within organized units, workshops for the production and/or processing of bloomery iron.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Selected Bog Iron Ores and Archaeological Samples of Roasted Iron Ores and Iron Slags Towards Their Provenance Studies in the Podravina Region
Authors: Brenko Tomislav , Borojević Šoštarić Sibila , Ružičić Stanko
Published: September 2021

The present contribution aims to summarise current state of the research in regard to iron ore occurrences and its usage for iron production in the Podravina region. Special attention is given to mineralogical and geochemical analysis results of soils, different bog iron types and archaeological samples of bog iron ores (roasted and unroasted) and iron slags in the study area. Results on the incompatible elements geochemistry of three iron slag types is presented. An attempt at provenance studies is given between bog iron ores and roasted iron ores, as well as between ores and iron slags. Such detailed analysis allows further discussion on the issue of iron ore provenance in the region and opens the discussion regarding development of iron smelting recipes, crafting, and trade through the Podravina region.
Method for determining of the optimal thickness of sheets of magnetic cores of electrical machines by the wattmeter method
Authors: Plotnikov S. M.
Published: September 2021

The problem of reducing magnetic losses (no-load losses) in the steel of the magnetic cores of electrical machines is investigated. The tasc of determining the optimal thickness of steel sheets of the magnetic circuit of an electric machine is considered. The criterion for optimality is the minimum power of magnetic losses in steel. Currently, this problem does not have an exact solution due to the fact that the exact ratio of the hysteresis and eddy current components of magnetic losses in steel is unknown. Analyzed the power of magnetic losses in modern electrical machines and devices, depending on the thickness of the sheets of electrical steel. A method is proposed for determining the optimal thickness of steel sheets of the magnetic circuit of an electric machine based on the wattmeter method. In the course of the experiment, two identical magnetic circuits were selected from steel sheets of different thicknesses, for which the losses in steel were measured at different frequencies of magnetization reversal and the optimal thickness of the sheets was calculated. The proposed formula for calculating the thickness of the sheets is valid for both isotropic and anisotropic steel. The proposed technique can be used for both transformers and electric motors and generators.
Las tareas que tiene la Unidad Constituyente tras el resultado de ayer
Authors:   ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Porto Marcela
Published: September 2021

Aparición en EL Mercurio de Valparaíso a propósito de las elecciones y el mecanismo de definición de candidatos/as en la oposición, en miras de las elecciones presidenciales 2021.
Herbicidas para exterminar árboles invasivos en la jardinería doméstica
Authors: Langeland Kenneth A.
Published: September 2021

SS-AGR-127-S, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by K.A. Langeland, is the Spanish language version of "Herbicides to Kill Invasive Trees in the Home Landscape." This article discusses methods and herbicides that can be readily used by homeowners for removal of invasive plants and is intended for general information. Includes a table of herbicides used for control of invasive plant species. Published July 2006.
Florida Cow-Calf and Stocker Beef Safety and Quality Assurance Handbook: Record Keeping for Beef Quality Assurance
Authors: Thrift Todd A. , Hersom Matt J. , Irsik Max
Published: September 2021

AN172 includes pages 37-42 of the Florida Cow-Calf and Stocker Beef Safety and Quality Assurance Handbook, which is used for the voluntary Florida Beef Quality Producer program. It covers record keeping practices necessary for Beef Quality Assurance. It includes examples of forms and a table with record keeping requirements of relevant state and federal laws. Produced as part of a cooperative program by Florida Cattlemen's Association, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and the University of Florida (IFAS) Extension Service. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, October 2006. Reviewed November 2009.
AN172/AN172: Florida Cow-Calf and Stocker Beef Safety and Quality Assurance Handbook: Record Keeping for Beef Qualtiy Assurance (ufl.edu)
Management of Melaleuca by Residents in South Florida
Authors: Carter-Finn Katherine , Hodges Alan W. , Lee Donna J. , Olexa Michael T.
Published: September 2021

FE672, a 6-page fact sheet by Katherine Carter-Finn, Alan W. Hodges, Donna J. Lee, and Michael T. Olexa, describes the results of a survey of a random sample of households in the 10 southernmost counties of Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, November 2006.
Benefit-Cost Analysis of Melaleuca Management in South Florida
Authors: Carter-Finn Katherine , Hodges Alan W. , Lee Donna J. , Olexa Michael T.
Published: September 2021

FE673, a 5-page fact sheet by Katherine Carter-Finn, Alan W. Hodges, Donna J. Lee, and Michael T. Olexa, reports on a benefit cost analysis (BCA)study made to determine the benefit of Melaleuca control to society. Includes introduction, methods, results, conclusions and implications, and references. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, November 2006.
Genetically Modified Food
Authors: Schneider Keith R. , Goodrich-Schneider Renée M.
Published: September 2021

Revised! FSHN02-2, a 3-page fact sheet by Keith R. Schneider and Renee Goodrich Schneider, defines and describes the different kinds of genetically modified foods, explains possible advantages and possible concerns, and gives examples of GM foods in use today. Updated to reflect more current information. Published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, November 2006.
FSHN02-2/FS084: Genetically Modified Food (ufl.edu)
Vida Saludable: La Diabetes
Authors: Bobroff Linda B. , Shelnutt Karla P. , Wittkowsky Paulina
Published: September 2021

Revised! FCS8574-Span, a 3-page fact sheet by Linda B. Bobroff, Karla P. Shelnutt, and Paulina Wittkowsky, is the Spanish language version of Healthy Living for Elders: Diabetes. It answers several frequently asked questions about diabetes. This version is updated throughout with new clip art and a table showing healthy weight ranges. Published as part of the Elder Nutrition and Food Safety (ENAFS) program by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, August 2006.
Healthy Living: Checking Blood Glucose
Authors: Hillan Jennifer
Published: September 2021

FCS8811, a 2-page fact sheet by Jennifer Hillan, is for people living with diabetes. It describes who needs to check blood glucose levels, how to do it, and when to do it. A chart is provided for keeping track of readings. Published as part of the Elder Nutrition and Food Safety (ENAFS) program by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, October 2006.
FCS8811/FY868: Healthy Living: Checking Blood Glucose (ufl.edu)
Learning to Live Through Loss: For Teens Facing Loss
Authors: Wilken Carolyn S.
Published: September 2021

FCS2265, a 4–page fact sheet by Carolyn Wilken, is aimed at teens who have suffered the loss of a loved one. This publication will help these teens understand their reactions and learn to cope with this experience. Includes a reading list. Published by the UF Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, November 2006.
Coffee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape
Authors: Crane Jonathan H. , Balerdi Carlos F. , Joyner Gene
Published: September 2021

Revised! HS-1056, a 6-page fact sheet by Jonathan H. Crane, Carlos F. Balerdi, and Gene Joyner, provides homeowners with a basic reference for growing coffee in the home landscape. Tables include suggested cultural practices by month and nutritional values. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2006.
HS1056/HS306: Coffee Growing in the Florida Home Landscape (ufl.edu)
Insect/Mite Management in Annona spp.
Authors: Peña Jorge E. , Crane Jonathan H.
Published: September 2021

ENY-834, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Jorge E. Pena and Jonathan H. Crane, addresses the major constraints to productivity of atemoya and sugar apple in Florida, key pests and lack of pollinating agents. Includes a table of insecticides registered for atemoya and sugar apple in Florida. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2006.
Hibiscus bud weevil (Anthonomus testaceosquamosus Linell, Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Revynthi Alexandra M. , Velazquez Hernandez Yisell , Rodriguez Juleysy , Kendra Paul E. , Carrillo Daniel , Mannion Catharine M.
Published: September 2021

A profile of the hibiscus bud weevil intended for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences. The hibiscus bud weevil, a pest of China rose hibiscus, originates from northeastern Mexico and southern Texas and can cause large economic losses to hibiscus growers. This fact sheet provides nursery owners, homeowners, and other interested people with information on this serious pest.
Classical Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple in the USA
Authors: Medal Julio , Overholt William , Stansly Philip , Osborne Lance , Roda Amy , Chong J. , Gaskalla R. , Burns E. , Hibbard Kenneth , Sellers Brent , Gioeli Kenneth , Munyan Susan , Gandolfo D. , Hight S. , Cuda James
Published: September 2021

Revised! ENY-824, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by J. Medal et al., describes the status ongoing efforts in the biological control of Tropical Soda Apple (TSA) in the United States. This version updates the original 2002 publication to reflect ongoing research and activities. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, August 2006.
Raoiella indica (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae): The Red Palm Mite: A Potential Invasive Pest of Palms and Bananas and Other Tropical Crops of Florida
Authors: Peña Jorge E. , Mannion Catharine M. , Howard Forrest W. , Hoy Marjorie A.
Published: September 2021

ENY-837, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by J. E. Peña, C. M. Mannion, F. W. Howard and M. A. Hoy, describes this important pest of coconut fruit in many tropical countries, with recent findings in the Caribbean. Damage, description of stages, life cycle, seasonality, dispersal, host plants, chemical control, natural enemies, pathogens, and detection are discussed. Includes references and table of host plants. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2006.
Weed Control in Pepper
Authors: Stall William M. , Gilreath James P.
Published: September 2021

Revised! HS-199, a 5-page fact sheet by William M. Stall and James P. Gilreath, describes a weed control program that integrates chemical, mechanical, and cultural methods and provides a table of listing herbicides available to growers for chemical weed control of pepper. This publication updates the 2003 tables to reflect current recommendations. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2006.
HS199/WG034: Weed Management in Pepper (ufl.edu)
Weed Control in Sweet Corn
Authors: Stall William M.
Published: September 2021

Revised! HS-197, a 5-page fact sheet by William M. Stall, describes effective weed management practices for sweet corn and provides a table of listing herbicides available to growers for chemical weed control. This publication updates the table to reflect current recommendations. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2006.
HS197/WG038: Weed Management in Sweet Corn (ufl.edu)
Fostering creativity and critical thinking with the use of ICT: Theoretical foundations and empirical examples
Authors: Mikhailova A. M.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to highlight some theoretical foundations for a connection between critical thinking and creativity as concepts to develop at school, to find the feasibility of use of ICT in such lessons, and to give examples of lessons conducted in such a logic. The competence approach, despite the ambiguous attitude towards it in secondary vocational education, has been re-examined by researchers in connection with a new wave of discussion on how to develop key competencies in secondary education. Critical thinking and creativity are seen as part of key competencies. The article describes in detail these constructs and correlates with well-known works of Russian and foreign practitioners and psychologists, such as L. Vygotsky, J. Piaget, and J. Dewey. The concepts overlap in many ways, which should be taken into account when evaluating innovation and designing educational experience of students. Despite the some differences, the existing modern didactic Russian and foreign approaches (such as problem-based learning, activity-based approach, student-centered learning, and others) meet the objectives and organization of a lesson, which foster critical thinking and creativity. Portable digital devices contribute to the development of greater student autonomy, which is one of the most important components of the development of key competencies. The final part of the article is structured through three theses on implementation of ICT in such lessons with examples of use of such practices by teachers during the project “Fostering creativity and critical thinking in education with the use of ICT” in 2018–2019. Examples allow us to determine how theoretical concepts, having many diachronic intersections, can be implemented in practice.
КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ЗБЛИЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМ БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ ТА ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗВІТУВАННЯ
Authors: Шушакова Ірина , Зябченкова Ганна , Кузуб Михайло
Published: September 2021

Інтеграція України у Європейське співтовариство вимагає від українських підприємств впровадження змін у сфері управління компаніями. Одним з основних складових, що характеризує підприємство та є важливим для користувачів, є зрозуміла звітність. Представлення звітності за Міжнародними стандартами фінансової звітності (далі – МСФЗ) не є обов’язковим для всіх компаній, але звітність у такій формі дедалі частіше хочуть бачити потенційні іноземні інвестори або банки чи інші фінансові установи при наданні кредитів. Гармонізація бухгалтерського обліку та фінансової звітності суб’єктів господарювання тісно пов’язана з глобалізацією економічних процесів та економіки у світовому масштабі. Фінансова звітність є структурованим відображенням фінансового стану та фінансових результатів діяльності суб'єкта господарювання. Оптимальним напрямом розвитку національної системи обліку та фінансової звітності, враховуючи світовий досвід, є її гармонізація з МСФЗ, тобто наближення систем, а не повна їх імплементація.
ДИДАКТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПЛАНШЕТУ GEOBOARD НА УРОКАХ МАТЕМАТИКИ В 1 КЛАСІ
Authors: Романенко Людмила , Чорнобай Вікторія
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджуються дидактичні особливості застосування планшету Geoboard на уроках математики у початковій школі, на прикладі першого класу. Проаналізовано основні методичні прийоми роботи із сучасним планшетом на уроці математики в першому класі. Описані наукові підходи до ігрових технологій, та охарактеризовані дидактичні особливості застосування планшету Geoboard на уроках математики в першому класі з метою кращого сприйняття інформації та засвоєння її. Застосування планшету Geoboard на уроках математики впливає на розвиток дрібної моторики рук, здійснюється всебічний розвиток учнів, розвивається мислення та навички конструювати та створювати нові геометричні фігури, формується уявлення про навколишній світ, геометричні фігури, порівняння величин, арифметичні дії, будова цифр. Під час роботи з планшетом Geoboard в учнів розвиваються пізнавальні інтереси також під час гри діти усвідомлюють багато нової інформації та навчаються навичкам і умінь які знадобляться їм у подальшому житті.
ДИСТАНЦІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ У ЗВО: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Яремчук Наталія , Лавро Ольга
Published: September 2021

Розглянуто питання щодо сучасного стану дистанційного навчання в Україні, тенденції розвитку дистанційної професійної підготовки вчителів та доцільності застосування дистанційної форми навчання у сучасних закладах освіти. Проаналізовано праці та публікації наукових дослідників які працювали над темою питання дистанційного навчання. Зроблено спробу розмежувати поняття «дистанційна освіта» та «дистанційне навчання». Охарактеризовано переваги та недоліки дистанційного навчання, визначено основні завдання, які потребують подальшого дослідження. Описано суперечності які посилюють інтерес до вивчення питання організації дистанційного навчання у закладах вищої освіти. Виділено характеристики щодо взаємодії «викладач-студент» у процесі навчання, а також, узагальнено перспективи та можливості використання системи дистанційного навчання у системі вищої професійної підготовки у ЗВО.
СХИЛЬНІСТЬ ОСІБ З РІЗНИМИ АКЦЕНТУАЦІЯМИ ХАРАКТЕРУ ДО ПЕВНОГО СТИЛЮ ПОВЕДІНКИ У КОНФЛІКТІ
Authors: Левус Надія , Ткачук Еліана
Published: September 2021

На основі теоретичного аналізу літератури та експериментального дослідження встановлено взаємозв’язок між типами акцентуацій характеру особистості та її можливою поведінкою у конфліктній ситуації. Здійснено кореляційний аналіз одержаних результатів дослідження. Встановлено, що стиль поведінки у конфліктній ситуації – суперництво, більш притаманний педантично акцентуйованій особистості, що свідчить про прагнення дотримуватися певних жорстких правил поведінки та не поступатися у власній позиції. Виявлено, що особи із переважанням емотивної акцентуації характеру частіше застосовують стиль співпраці для врегулювання конфлікту, що свідчить про більш толерантне ставлення до оточуючих. Надано рекомендації психологам щодо роботи із особами з різними акцентуаціями характеру у конфліктній ситуації.
ПИТАННЯ ЗБРОЙНОЇ БОРОТЬБИ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОУН НА ЗАПОРІЖЖІ (1940–1943 РР.)
Authors: Щур Юрій
Published: September 2021

У статті проаналізовано проблему підготовки членів Організації українських націоналістів, які діяли на території Запорізької області, до загальноукраїнського повстання. Висвітлено діяльність націоналіс- тичних організацій, зокрема й у військових частинах Червоної армії. З’ясовано, що серед пріоритетів націоналістичного підпілля на території Запорізької області були збір й накопичення зброї, а також створення в перспективі партизанських загонів. Хронологічно рамки дослідження прив’язані до появи перших осередків ОУН у регіоні (нижня межа) та до піку в діяльності організованого націоналістичного підпілля в області (верхня межа).

Ключові слова: Запорізька область, Мелітополь, НКВС, НКДБ, Організація українських націоналістів.
ПРАВО НА СПОВІДЬ: НОТАТКИ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО КАПЕЛАНА
Authors: Журавльов Микола , Грицюк Валерій
Published: September 2021

Рецензія на науково-популярне видання: Присяжний Д. А. «Зі зброєю в руках — із молитвою на вустах». К.:  Ярославів Вал, 2019, 128 с.
ЗДОБУТІ УРОКИ ВЕДЕННЯ БОЙОВИХ ДІЙ АРТИЛЕРІЙСЬКИМИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ В ХОДІ ЗБРОЙНОГО КОНФЛІКТУ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ ЗА АСПЕКТОМ ЖИВУЧОСТІ В 2014–2015 РОКАХ
Authors: Головченко Олег , Іщенко Олексій , Линок Назар
Published: September 2021

У сучасних умовах, коли основний пріоритет розвитку засобів, здатних безперервно виконувати завдання вогневої підтримки, до 2030 року надано артилерії, актуальним залишається питання дослідження уроків ведення бойових дій, здобутих артилерійськими підрозділами в ході збройного конфлікту на Cході України. Метою статті є висвітлення протиріч, що виникають під час виконання сучасних завдань із вогневої підтримки, та їх впливу на живучість артилерійських підрозділів. У статті проаналізовано здобуті уроки ведення бойових дій артилерійськими підрозділами в ході збройного конфлікту на Cході України за аспектом живучості в 2014–2015 роках.
Ключові слова: здобуті уроки, артилерійські підрозділи, живучість, маневр, Схід України
ОСОБЛИВИЙ ВІДДІЛ ШТАБУ ГЕТЬМАНА П. СКОРОПАДСЬКОГО У БОРОТЬБІ З АНТИГЕТЬМАНСЬКИМ РУХОМ
Authors: Ходанович Олексій
Published: September 2021

В статті висвітлюються діяльність Особливого відділу Штабу Гетьмана П. Скоропадського щодо протистояння антидержавній діяльності противників гетьманської влади. Розглянуто заходи Особливого відділу Штабу Гетьмана П. Скоропадського щодо запобігання антигетьманській діяльності більшовицького підпілля в Україні, окремих угруповань «білого руху» та опозиційних українських соціалістичних партій. З’ясовано роль Особливого відділу штабу Гетьмана, як спеціального підрозділу контррозвідувального захисту, взаємодію з іншими загальнодержавними органами спеціальної діяльності та правопорядку у протидії загрозам державності, що продукували політичні сили та організації антигетьманського спрямування.
Ключові слова: Українська Держава, спецслужби, Гетьманат, Особливий відділ, Державна варта, Штаб Гетьмана.
Psychology of Da’wah Impact on Balanced Personality Among Private Young Adult Higher University in Malaysia
Authors: Idris Saleha , Mohd Jailani Mohd Rushdan , Mahyuddin Muhammad Khairi , Ab. Rahman Othman
Published: September 2021

Youth adulthood today, should be taught to have a balanced personality to  succeed both in the world and hereafter. Psychology of da'wah and balance personality are dynamic internal systems which form an individual's  pattern of action, thought and feeling. Youth adulthood should practice moderate Islamic lifestyle, so that the knowledge gained is competent for the purpose to achieve the pleasure of Allah. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the impact psychology da’wah on balanced personality. The research hypothesis is tested with a sample of young adulthood in private universities and through structural equation modelling using SMART-PLS software. As a result, the study verifies the impact of the psychology da’wah on balanced personality. Thus, psychology Da’wah approach can be applied in counselling in managing psychological problems especially related to the personality of Muslim students. It may also assist students in having a greater sense of self-efficacy while in university and increase the level of balanced personality.
Organ Transplant in Present-Day Japan: Reasons behind Low Numbers of Deceased Donors
Authors: Czekajewska Justyna Magdalena , Jaworowicz-Zimny Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

According to the International Register of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Japan is one of the countries with the lowest number of registered deceased donors. In 2019, Japan was ranked 61st out of 70 countries. The authors of this article have decided to explore the reasons for this phenomenon. In the first part of the work, religious influences (Shinto and Buddhism), the tradition of gotai manzoku, the importance of altruism and the family in the perception of death and organ transplantation by the Japanese are considered. The second part of the article presents the arguments of Alan Shewmon, who believes that brain death is not death in the biological sense. Undermining the brain’s death criterion raises doubts concerning death of patients in irreversible coma, what in result discourages transplantology in Japan. In the third part, the authors compare the results of JOTN, IRODaT and the Fact Book of Organ Transplantation 2018 in Japan from 2010 to 2018. The aim of the article is to explain the cultural determinants of transplantology in Japan, taking into account the influence of philosophical and bioethical aspects of human death.
Comparing the cut score for the borderline group method and borderline regression method with norm-referenced standard setting in an objective structured clinical examination in medical school in Korea
Authors: Park Song Yi , Lee Sang-Hwa , Kim Min-Jeong , Ji Ki-Hwan , Ryu Ji Ho
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Setting standards is critical in health professions. However, appropriate standard setting methods do not always apply to the set cut score in performance assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the cut score when the standard setting is changed from the norm-referenced method to the borderline group method (BGM) and borderline regression method (BRM) in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in medical school.Methods: This was an explorative study to model the implementation of the BGM and BRM. A total of 107 fourth-year medical students attended the OSCE at 7 stations for encountering standardized patients (SPs) and at 1 station for performing skills on a manikin on July 15th, 2021. Thirty-two physician examiners evaluated the performance by completing a checklist and global rating scales.Results: The cut score of the norm-referenced method was lower than that of the BGM (P<0.01) and BRM (P<0.02). There was no significant difference in the cut score between the BGM and BRM (P=0.40). The station with the highest standard deviation and the highest proportion of the borderline group showed the largest cut score difference in standard setting methods.Conclusion: Prefixed cut scores by the norm-referenced method without considering station contents or examinee performance can vary due to station difficulty and content, affecting the appropriateness of standard setting decisions. If there is an adequate consensus on the criteria for the borderline group, standard setting with the BRM could be applied as a practical and defensible method to determine the cut score for OSCE.
Probiotics: present and future
Authors: Nikitina E. A. , Orlova S. V. , Orlova A. A.
Published: September 2021

Adequate interaction between macroorganism and microbiota underlies the correct metabolism, growth and development of а human. The microbiome is a collection of microorganisms that is closely related to the human body and has a comprehensive impact on its health and function. Additional administration of probiotics can assist targeted correction of metabolic disorders, inflammation, immune response, and resistance to adverse factors. At the same time, it must be considered that the effectiveness of a probiotics depend on the selected strain of the microorganism, form, dose and duration of use. This review is devoted to current data on the role of probiotics in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of somatic diseases.
Role of vitamins and minerals in immunity support in COVID-19
Authors: Orlova S. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Prokopenko E. V. , Vodolazkaya A. N. , Tatarinov V. V. , Pigareva Yu. A.
Published: September 2021

As the world continues to fight COVID-19, along with the search for effective treatments, attention is focused on food ingredients that can help strengthen the immune system. This review outlines the potential role of vitamins and minerals as immunonutrients in supporting the body's nonspecific defenses against COVID-19.
Dihydroquercetin as potential immunonutrient in treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Tatarinov V. V. , Orlova S. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Prokopenko E. V. , Vodolazkaya A. N. , Pigareva Yu. A. , Paliy K. V.
Published: September 2021

The main aspects of the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of dihydroquercetin (DHQ), which may affect the course of COVID-19, are considered. Given the low toxicity and a wide range of biological activity, aimed not only at suppressing enzymatic reactions with the participation of coronavirus, but also at eliminating the lesions caused by it in all the main target organs, dihydroquercetin can be recommended for inclusion in the complex therapy of the disease and during the recovery period of COVID-19.
Nutritional status of children with undernutrition
Authors: Keleinikova A. V. , Titova O. N. , Matinyan I. A. , Taran N. N. , Zubovich A. I. , Strokova T. V.
Published: September 2021

Objective. To assess nutritional status of children with undernutrition without chronic diseases.

Patients and methods. Eighty one children without chronic diseases and with undernutrition aged 3 months to 17 years and 2 months, 41 boys (50.6 %), 40 girls (49.4 %), were examined. The anthropometry was assessed by WHO criteria. The complete blood count (n = 69), blood biochemistry (n = 62), insulin level and vitamin status were examined. Bioelectric impedance analysis (n = 58) and indirect respiratory calorimetry (n = 28) were performed. The food intake was assessed in 28 patients.

Results. Mild undernutrition was diagnosed in 35 (43.2 %) children, moderate - in 30 (37 %), severe - in 16 (19,8 %) children. The stunting (Z-score height to age < -2) was revealed in 3 (3,7 %) children. Anemia was found in 4 (5.8 %) children, absolute lymphopenia - in 2 (2.9 %), hypoproteinemia in 8 (12.9 %), hypoalbuminemia - in 1 (1.5 %), hypocholesterolemia - in 7 (11.3 %), hypercholesterolemia - in 6 (9.7 %) children. None of children had hypoglycemia. Insulin was decreased in 9 (15.5 %) children. Deficiency of vitamin D was found in 11 (13.6 %) patients. Decrease of fat mass was found in 52 (89,7 %) patients, muscle mass - in 42 (72.4 %), active cell mass - in 18 (31 %), protein - in 37 (63.8 %), minerals - in 41 (70.7 %), total body water - in 36 (62.1 %) patients. Decrease of the phase angle (<4.4) was recorded in 13 (22,4 %) children. Resting energy expenditure was normal in 12 (42,8 %) patients. Carbohydrate oxidation rate was decreased in 20 (71,4 %) children, fat oxidation rate was increased in 15 (53,6 %), protein oxidation rate was normal in 15 (53,6 %) children. The food intake was characterized by low energy intake in 21 (75 %) children. Deficiency of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were found in 42.9, 60.7 and 82.1 % patients, respectively. Low energy intake due to all macronutrients deficiency was revealed in 35.7 % children.

Conclusion. Most children with undernutrition without chronic diseases have a decrease in fat and muscle body components, low energy value of diet and imbalance of macronutrients. Changes in resting metabolism were also revealed.
Influence of lactation and nutrition on health of nursing woman
Authors: Orlova S. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Vodolazkaya A. N. , Volkova L. Yu. , Prokopenko E. V.
Published: September 2021

Lactation contributes to the recovery of the mother after pregnancy and can affect many aspects of maternal health later in life. The short-term benefits of breastfeeding are associated with faster postpartum psychological and emotional recovery. In the long term, lactation reduces the risk of breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer, as well as a number of other diseases, more if exclusive breastfeeding continues for six months or more. Inappropriate nutrition of a nursing mother is one of the most destructive factors for her health. It is also important to remember that the amount of milk depends on the frequency of breastfeeding, and there is no evidence for foods, herbs or medications to prolong lactation or increase milk volume. A varied, balanced diet, including natural and specialized foods for nursing mothers, as well as dietary supplements, sources of vitamins and minerals, can ensure that the mother is consuming enough nutrients for both herself and her baby.
Precision Medicine in Mite Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: González-Pérez Ruperto , El-Qutob David , Letrán Antonio , Matheu Víctor
Published: September 2021

It is well-known that a correct diagnosis is necessary for effective treatment. In the case of allergic rhinitis due to mites, imprecise diagnosis with effective but improvable methods means that in many cases an optimal result is not reached in patients. The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis due to mite sensitization have to require more homogeneously reproducible diagnostic tests that try to encompass many more of the protein antigens contained in them. With the few proteins that the problem has usually focused on, there is no they would cover many of the clinically relevant allergens in a large proportion of patients. In this mini-review we try to highlight the importance of having good allergenic sources and briefly gather information on various allergenic proteins included in mites that could be clinically relevant. All this to try to get closer to a more accurate diagnosis. We are also talking about two diagnostic tools that are clearly out of use and that should be promoted in the consultations to obtain an even greater and better outcome in patients.
Sestrin2-Mediated Autophagy Contributes to Drug Resistance via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Osteosarcoma
Authors: Tang Zhen , Wei Xinghui , Li Tian , Wang Wei , Wu Hao , Dong Hui , Liu Yichao , Wei Feilong , Shi Lei , Li Xiaokang , Guo Zheng , Xiao Xin
Published: September 2021

One contributor to the high mortality of osteosarcoma is its reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy, but the mechanism involved is unclear. Improving the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to chemotherapy is urgently needed to improve patient survival. We found that chemotherapy triggered apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo; this was accompanied by increased Sestrin2 expression. Importantly, autophagy was also enhanced with increased Sestrin2 expression. Based on this observation, we explored the potential role of Sestrin2 in autophagy of osteosarcoma. We found that Sestrin2 inhibited osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by promoting autophagy via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and this process is closely related to the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway. In addition, our study showed that low Sestrin2 expression can effectively reduce autophagy of human osteosarcoma cells after chemotherapy, increase p-mTOR expression, decrease Bcl-2 expression, promote osteosarcoma cell apoptosis, and slow down tumour progression in NU/NU mice. Sestrin2 activates autophagy by inhibiting mTOR via the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway and inhibits apoptosis via Bcl-2. Therefore, our results explain one underlying mechanism of increasing the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to chemotherapy and suggest that Sestrin2 is a promising gene target.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD and ACE2 Interaction
Authors: Xiong Jiacheng , Xiang Yusen , Huang Ziming , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Mengge , Ge Guangbo , Chen Hongzhuan , Xu Jianrong , Zheng Mingyue , Chen Lili
Published: September 2021

The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 have caused a worldwide public health crisis. Designing small molecule inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD/ACE2 interaction is considered as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. But to date, only a few compounds have been reported as SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD/ACE2 interaction inhibitors. In this study, we described the virtual screening and experimental validation of two novel inhibitors (DC-RA016 and DC-RA052) against SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD/ACE2 interaction. The NanoBiT assays and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays demonstrated their capabilities of blocking SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD/ACE2 interaction and directly binding to both S-RBD and ACE2. Moreover, the pseudovirus assay revealed that these two compounds possessed significant antiviral activity (about 50% inhibition rate at maximum non-cytotoxic concentration). These results indicate that the compounds DC-RA016 and DC-RA052 are promising inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD/ACE2 interaction and deserve to be further developed.
Coexistence Praxis: The Role of Resource Managers in Wolf-Livestock Interactions on Federal Lands
Authors: Martin Jeff Vance , Epstein Kathleen , Anderson Robert M. , Charnley Susan
Published: September 2021

In resource management, new terms are frequently introduced, reflecting ongoing evolution in the theory and practice of ecology and governance. Yet understandings of what new concepts mean, for whom, and what they imply for management on the ground can vary widely. Coexistence—a prominent concept within the literature and practices around human-wildlife conflict and predator management—is one such term: widely invoked and yet poorly defined. While for some coexistence is the latest paradigm in improving human-wildlife relations, the concept remains debated and indeed even hotly contested by others—particularly on the multiple-use public lands of the American West, where gray wolf conservation, livestock production, and the claims of diverse stakeholders share space.

The multiple meanings of coexistence present serious challenges for conservation practice, as what the concept implies or requires can be contested by those most central to its implementation. In this study we examine wolf-livestock management—a classic case of human-wildlife conflict—by focusing on the experiences and perspectives of U.S. Forest Service (USFS) managers. We reviewed coexistence's multivalence in the literature, complementing semi-structured interviews conducted with USFS employees on case study forests from across the western states. Through this, we highlight the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the concept, and the unique yet under-explored perspective that resource managers bring to these debates.

This work draws on insights from political ecology to emphasize the situatedness of manager practice—taking place within a broader set of relations and contextual pressures—while extending political ecologists' traditional focus on the resource user to a concern with the resource manager as a key actor in environmental conflicts. Through our engagement with the experiences and perceptions of USFS managers, who must balance conservation aims with long-established land uses like livestock grazing, we hope to clarify the various dimensions of coexistence. Our hope is that this work thus increases the possibility for empathy and collaboration among managers and stakeholders engaged in this complex socio-ecological challenge.
Higher Genetic Diversity of the Common Sea Cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) atra in Marine Protected Areas of the Central and Southern Ryukyu Islands
Authors: Hamamoto Kohei , Soliman Taha , Poliseno Angelo , Fernandez-Silva Iria , Reimer James Davis
Published: September 2021

Recently, sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) have been over-exploited in many areas of the world, including in the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, due to increases in their economic importance. Nevertheless, management and protection of sea cucumbers are insufficient worldwide. The black sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) atra Jaeger, 1833, inhabits a large range across the Indo-West Pacific Ocean and is a widely harvested species. Here we conducted population genetic analyses on H. atra using partial mitochondrial DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) to examine 11 different populations around three island groups in the middle Ryukyus; Okinawajima Island, the Kerama Islands, and the Sakishima Islands, all within Okinawa Prefecture. We found 27 haplotypes for COI and 16 haplotypes for 16S. Locations within national and quasi-national parks (Zamami Island, Keramas, and Manza, Okinawajima; managed by the national Ministry of Environment and Okinawa Prefecture, respectively) had the highest number of haplotypes, whereas locations with less management and more anthropogenic pressure had lower numbers The mean of all samples' genetic diversity indices was moderate with regards to both haplotype and nucleotide diversity. According to our results, Zamami Ama was the most genetically diverse location based on both markers used, likely because it is located within Kerama-Shoto National Park with comparatively stricter regulations than most other locations. Based on our COI sequences, three-quarters of the locations with the highest haplotype diversity were found to be distant from Okinawajima Island, indicating that the genetic diversity of H. atra was reduced around Okinawajima Island. Our results possibly reflect negative impacts from anthropogenic pressures such as over-harvesting and coastal development, although future comprehensive research including sequences of nuclear loci is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Prognostic Potential of Heart Rate and Hypertension in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Wang Jie , Tang Manyun , Long Yunxiang , Song Jingzhuo , Chen Limei , Wang Mengchang , Li Yongxin , Sun Chaofeng , Yan Yang
Published: September 2021

Background: The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is variable and partly depends on their cardiovascular status. The presence of arrhythmias can lead to worse outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of heart rate (HR) and hypertension in predicating the outcomes of MM patients.

Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled patients with MM between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. The Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess the association between hypertension and outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were developed to evaluate the relationship between HR and all-cause mortality.

Results: A total of 386 patients were included. The mean HR was 83.8 ± 23.1 beats per minute (bpm). Patients with HR >100 bpm had a higher all-cause mortality (79.4%, 50/63) than those with 60 ≤ HR ≤ 100 bpm (39.9%, 110/276) and <60 bpm (19.1%, 9/47) (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the International Staging System and sex revealed similar relationships (p < 0.01). When stratified by age, patients with HR >100 bpm had higher all-cause mortality than those with a lower HR when age was <65 years or 65–75 years (p < 0.001) but not >75 years. The proportion of patients with hypertension was 54.7% (211/386). However, hypertension was not associated with all-cause mortality in MM patients (χ2=1.729, p > 0.05). MM patients with HR >100 bpm had the highest all-cause mortality.

Conclusions: The prognostic potential of HR may be useful in aiding risk stratification and promoting the management of these patients.
Soil Aggregate Stability Mapping Using Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Bouslihim Yassine , Rochdi Aicha , Aboutayeb Rachid , El Amrani-Paaza Namira , Miftah Abdelhalim , Hssaini Lahcen
Published: September 2021

Soil aggregate stability (SAS) is a critical parameter of soil quality and its mapping can help determine erosion hotspots. Despite this importance, SAS is less documented in available literature due to limited number of analyzes besides being a time consuming. For this reason, many researchers have turned to alternative methods that often use readily available variables such as soil parameters or remote sensing indices to estimate this variable. In that framework, the aim of the present study focused on the investigation of the feasibile use of adapted Leo Breiman’s random forest algorithm (RF) to mapping different mean weight diameter (MWD) tests as an index of SAS (mechanical breakdown (MWDmb), slow wetting (MWDsw), fast wetting (MWDfw) and the mean of the three tests (MWDmean)). The model was built with 77 samples distributed in the three watersheds of the study area located at Settat Ben-Ahmed, in Morocco and with the use of several environmental variables such as soil parameters (organic matter and clay), remote sensing indices (band 2, band 3, band 4, band 5, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and transformed normalized difference vegetation index (TNDVI)), topography (elevation, slope, curvature plane and the topographic wetness index (TWI)) along with additional categorical variables as geological maps, land use and soil classes. The results showed a good level of accuracy for the training phase (75% of samples) for the different tests (R2 > 0.92, RMSE and MAE < 0.15) and were satisfactory for the testing phase (25% of samples, R2 > 0.65, RMSE and MAE < 0.31). Also, organic matter, topography and geology were the most important parameters in the spatial prediction of SAS. Finally, the maps build during this study could be of great use to identify areas of less stable soils in the perspective for taking the necessary measures to improve their quality.
Biased Ghrelin Receptor Signaling and the Dopaminergic System as Potential Targets for Metabolic and Psychological Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Khelifa Mariam S. , Skov Louise J. , Holst Birgitte
Published: September 2021

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a complex disease that impairs the metabolic, mental and physiological health of affected individuals in a severe and sometimes lethal way. Many of the common symptoms in AN patients, such as reduced food intake, anxiety, impaired gut motility or overexercising are connected to both the orexigenic gut hormone ghrelin and the dopaminergic system. Targeting the ghrelin receptor (GhrR) to treat AN seems a promising possibility in current research. However, GhrR signaling is highly complex. First, the GhrR can activate four known intracellular pathways Gαq, Gαi/o, Gα12/13 and the recruitment of β-arrestin. Biased signaling provides the possibility to activate or inhibit only one or a subset of the intracellular pathways of a pleiotropic receptor. This allows specific targeting of physiological functions without adverse effects. Currently little is known on how biased signaling could specifically modulate GhrR effects. Second, GhrR signaling has been shown to be interconnected with the dopaminergic system, particularly in the context of AN symptoms. This review highlights that a biased agonist for the GhrR may be a promising target for the treatment of AN, however extensive and systematic translational studies are still needed and the connection to the dopaminergic system has to be taken into account.