bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Favorable outcome of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment than surgery‐first in female HR‐positive/HER2‐negative breast cancer patients—A NCDB analysis (2010–2016)
Authors: Xu Peng , Luo Wen , Hu Jingjing , Ma Xiaobin , Hao Qian , Hui Wentao , Zhou Zhangjian , Lin Shuai , Wang Meng , Wu Hao , Dai Zhijun , Kang Huafeng
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in female HR‐positive/HER2‐negative breast cancer patients.

Data and Methods

We identified female patients aged ≥18 years with cT1‐4N0‐XM0, HR(+), and HER2(−) breast cancer from the National Cancer Database. The patients who underwent surgery first were categorized as “surgery‐first,” while those who received NET before surgery were classified as “NET.” Propensity score‐matching, Cox proportional‐hazard model, variance inflation factors, and interaction analysis were employed to estimate the correlation between NET and survival outcomes.

Results

Among 432,387 cases, 2914 NET patients and 2914 surgery‐first patients were matched. Compared with the surgery‐first group, the NET group received less adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the NET group exhibited higher survival probabilities compared with the surgery‐first group (3 years: 91.4% vs. 82.1%; 5 years: 82.1% vs. 66.8%). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that NET was associated with improved OS (surgery‐first vs. NET: HR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.93–2.44). Age over 55 years old, having public insurance, higher CDCC score, higher NSBR grade, ER(+)PR(−), and advanced clinical stage were related to worse OS (all p < 0.05). There was an interaction between age, race, income, and home and treatment regimen (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

NET may be a more effective treatment procedure than surgery‐first in female HR‐positive/HER2‐negative, non‐metastatic breast cancer patients. Future clinical studies with more detailed data will provide higher‐level evidence‐based data.
Fluorocarbon‐DNA Conjugates for Enhanced Cellular Delivery: Formation of a Densely Packed DNA Nano‐Assembly
Authors: Narita Minako , Kohata Ai , Kageyama Taiichi , Watanabe Honoka , Aikawa Kohsuke , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Morihiro Kunihiko , Okamoto Akimitsu , Okazoe Takashi
Published: June 2024

Forming nano‐assemblies is essential for delivering DNA conjugates into cells, with the DNA density in the nano‐assembly playing an important role in determining the uptake efficiency. In this study, we developed a strategy for the facile synthesis of DNA strands bearing perfluoroalkyl (RF) groups (RF‐DNA conjugates) and investigated how they affect cellular uptake. An RF‐DNA conjugate bearing a long RF group at the DNA terminus forms a nano‐assembly with a high DNA density, which results in greatly enhanced cellular uptake. The uptake mechanism is mediated by clathrin‐dependent endocytosis. The use of RF groups to densely assemble negatively charged DNA is a useful strategy for designing drug delivery carriers.
GI Bill students at 2‐year colleges: Enrollment retention, and support trends
Authors: Morris Phillip A. , Clayton Grant
Published: June 2024

This article presents a national snapshot of GI Bill student enrollment through examination of a repository of data on veterans’ education benefits usage, institutional practices to support veterans, and consumer advocacy information (e.g., complaints and caution flags). Through examination of records from 2217 two‐year institutions enrolling 172,453 GI Bill students, our analyses can support decision‐making regarding the extent of support services to consider offering for student veterans on community college campuses. Additionally, we provide insights into consumer advocacy for student veterans, trends in education benefits usage, and offer evidence‐based best practices for supporting student veterans.
Balloon‐expandable versus self‐expanding valves for transcatheter aortic valve replacement using new generation devices: An analysis of the Brazilian RIBAC‐NT registry
Authors: Bernardi Fernando L. M. , Abizaid Alexandre , Sândoli de Brito Fábio , Lemos Pedro , Siqueira Dimytri Alexandre , Sarmento‐Leite Rogério , Mangione Fernanda , Fernando de Almeida Prado Junior Guy , Eduardo Koenig São Thiago Luiz , Ribeiro Henrique B. ,   Brazilian RIBAC‐NT Registry Investigators
Published: June 2024

Background

Conflicting data yet exists regarding the clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using balloon‐expandable (BEV) and self‐expanding valves (SEV).

Aim

To compare the in‐hospital outcomes of TAVR performed with new‐generation BEV vs. SEV in a real‐world population.

Methods

Retrospective study using data from the Brazilian TAVR registry. All consecutive native tricuspid TAVR procedures using new‐generation valves were included. Transapical procedures were excluded. Patients were analyzed according to the type of prosthesis implanted (BEV vs. SEV). Unadjusted and propensity‐score matching comparisons were made. Primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included major vascular complication, major or life‐threatening bleeding, any stroke, and new pacemaker implantation.

Results

A total of 1706 patients from 25 centers were included in the analysis, 887 in the BEV and 819 in the SEV groups. Mean age was 80.7 ± 7.2 years and 48.9% were women. The SEV group had a higher proportion of female patients (53.5% vs. 44.6%, p ≤ 0.001) and more comorbidities, yielding a higher EuroSCORE‐2 (3.4 [2–6.4] vs. 4.5 [2.5–8.2], p < 0.001). The Sapien 3/Ultra (Edwards Lifescience, Irvine, CA, USA) and the Evolut R/PRO (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) accounted for 97.8% and 72.6% of BEV and SEV cases, respectively. Pre‐ and postdilatation was more common for SEV (both p < 0.001). Valve embolization, the need for a second valve, and coronary occlusion were rare but more frequent for SEV. There was no difference in the unadjusted in‐hospital mortality (BEV = 3.6% vs. SEV = 4.8%, p = 0.27) and after propensity‐score matching (3.5% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.16). There were also no significant differences between groups in vascular complications, bleeding, stroke, and the need for a new pacemaker. Logistic regression adjusted for sex, EuroSCORE‐2, and vascular access also indicated similar mortality between both valves (OR 1.22, p = 0.4). Sensitivity analysis, including only Sapien 3 and Evolut cases, showed consistent results with the primary analysis.

Conclusion

In real‐world all‐comers TAVR patients, from Brazil procedures performed with newer generation BEV and SEV devices had comparable in‐hospital outcomes.
Outcomes of transfemoral TAVR using two new‐generation devices in patients with horizontal aorta
Authors: Eckel Clemens , Kim Won‐Keun , Wasif Botros , Grothusen Christina , Elsässer Albrecht , Dohmen Guido , Charitos Efstratios I. , Sossalla Samuel , Möllmann Helge , Blumenstein Johannes
Published: June 2024

Background

Challenging anatomies and comorbidities have impact on success in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). There is controversy whether the extent of the aortic angle (AA) has an impact on procedural outcomes. Matched comparative outcome data of new generation transcatheter heart valves (THVs) in horizontal aorta (HA) are scarce.

Methods

A total of 1582 patients with severe native aortic stenosis (AS) treated with the SAPIEN3 Ultra (Ultra; n = 526) or ACURATE Neo2 (Neo2; n = 1056) THVs from January 2017 to January 2023 were analyzed. Patients with non‐horizontal aortas (AA < 51.7°, n = 841) were excluded. The population was matched by 1‐to‐1 nearest‐neighbor matching (Ultra, n = 246; Neo2, n = 246). Clinical and procedural outcome were evaluated according to VARC‐3 recommendations.

Results

Technical success (93.1% vs. 94.7%, p = 0.572) was high after Ultra and Neo2. Device success (80.5% vs. 89.8%, p = 0.05) was inferior with Ultra. Neo2 reveals superior hemodynamic properties with lower rate of severe prosthesis patient mismatch (12.0% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.001) and elevated gradients (20 mmHg: 11.9% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001). Ultra showed a lower rate of relevant paravalvular regurgitation (mild paravalvular regurgitation or Valve‐in‐Valve due to paravalvular regurgitation: 0.0% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.004). The rate of procedural bailout maneuvers (0.8% vs. 0.4%, p = 1.000) and thirty‐day all‐cause mortality (1.3% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.496) was similar.

Conclusion

Transfemoral TAVR in patients with severe aortic stenosis and HA, using the balloon expandable Sapien3 Ultra and self‐expanding ACURATE Neo2 prosthesis, is feasible and safe. Therefore, valve selection between these platforms should be made irrespective of the aortic angle by a team experienced with both valves based on their specific advantages. Large, randomized trials in this sub‐group of patients would be necessary to compare long term outcomes.
Two‐Step Biocatalytic Synthesis of (1S)‐Nor(pseudo)ephedrine Catalyzed by Immobilized Enzymes
Authors: Patti Stefania , Magrini Alunno Ilaria , Semproli Riccardo , Tessaro Davide , Monti Daniela , Riva Sergio , Ubiali Daniela , Ferrandi Erica Elisa
Published: June 2024

Nor(pseudo)ephedrines [N(P)Es] are naturally occurring compounds showing sympathomimetic activity that have many applications especially in the chemical industry and in the pharmaceutical field. Recently a two‐step biocatalytic cascade for the preparation of (1S)‐N(P)E was designed, consisting of a benzoin‐type condensation catalyzed by the (S)‐selective acetoin:dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase (Ao : DCPIP OR) followed by a transamination mediated by either a (S)‐ or (R)‐selective amine transaminase (ATA). In this study, we successfully immobilized both Ao : DCPIP OR and two ATAs of opposite enantioselectivity and used them in the biosynthetic cascade to N(P)Es. Immobilization yield, activity recovery, and stability of the immobilized enzymes, both after use (enzyme recycling) and storage (shelf‐life), were assessed. Ao : DCPIP OR immobilized on glyoxyl‐agarose exhibited remarkable stability under storage conditions throughout the 30‐days monitoring period. Moreover, it was successfully reused in the synthesis of (S)‐phenylacetylcarbinol [(S)‐PAC] yielding high conversion (>94 %) and enantiomeric excess (>99 %). The (R)‐selective At‐ATA from Aspergillus terreus, immobilized on Eupergit® C, demonstrated a slightly higher storage stability when compared to the (S)‐selective Sbv333‐ATA from Streptomyces sp. Bv333 immobilized on the same carrier. Remarkably, both enzymes were effectively reused for ten reaction cycles in the synthesis of N(P)Es, starting from the enzymatically synthesized (S)‐PAC, achieving complete conversions and excellent diastereoselectivity (>99 %).
Pegylated Phosphine Ligands in Iridium(I) Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Reactions in Aqueous Buffers
Authors: Martinelli Elisa , Spiller Marie , Weck Remo , Llompart Pierre , Minoletti Claire , Güssregen Stefan , Sib Anna , Derdau Volker
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of a water‐soluble, phosphine‐pegylated iridium(I) catalyst and its application in hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions in buffer is reported. The longer polyethylene glycol side chains on the phosphine increased the water solubility independently from the pH. HIE reactions of polar substrates in protic solvents were studied. DFT calculations gave further insights into the catalytic processes. The scope and limitation of the pegylated catalyst was studied in HIE reactions of several complex compounds in borax buffer at pH 9 and the best conditions were applied in a tritium experiment with the drug telmisartan.
Decoupling pyrolysis and combustion of organic powders to determine the laminar flame speed
Authors: Pietraccini Matteo , Santandrea Audrey , Glaude Pierre‐Alexandre , Dufour Anthony , Dufaud Olivier
Published: June 2024

Determining the laminar flame speed of dusts is far from straightforward. A strong dependency on the experimental setup and the data treatment's high complexity makes it a true challenge. This work compares three complementary experimental setups to measure the laminar flame speed of organic dust (here, cellulose): a modified Hartmann tube, a 20 L sphere, and a micro‐fluidized bed (MFB) burner. The first two consider the flame propagation phenomenon in its globality, which means that numerous steps are involved simultaneously (particle heating, pyrolysis, oxidation, radiative transfer, flame stretching), while the third one decouples pyrolysis and combustion, to focus mainly on the oxidation rate. An MFB was conceived to generate pyrolysis products and burn them in a laminar flame. Unstretched flame velocities determined with the first two setups were consistent and equal to 22.0 and 26.6 cm ∙ s−1, respectively. Using Silvestrini's equation, values ranging between 14.0 and 33.4 cm ∙ s−1 were obtained according to the dust concentration. With the MFB burner, the flame speed was much higher (135–155 cm ∙ s−1), due to the higher temperature of the fresh mixture and the fact that only the oxidation of the pyrolysis gases is considered. A numerical simulation (Chemkin) confirmed these results since the range 135 to 231 cm ∙ s−1 was obtained for equivalence ratios of 0.6 and 1.2, respectively. The discrepancy between the laminar flame speed determined in the sphere or in the tube and that obtained in the MFB highlights the significant influence of particle heating and pyrolysis during a dust explosion.
Rational Design of Novel Allosteric EYA2 Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Multiple Brain Cancers
Authors: Gardner Lukas , Rossi John , Armstrong Brock , Muse Mia , LaVeck Alex , Blevins Melanie A. , Zhang Lingdi , Ford Heide L. , Zhao Rui , Wang Xiang
Published: June 2024

The Eyes Absent (EYA) family of developmental proteins, often in partnership with the sine oculis (SIX) homeobox proteins, promote cancer metastasis and recurrence in numerous tumor types. In addition to being a transcriptional coactivator, EYA2 is a Tyr phosphatase that dephosphorylates H2AX which leads to repair instead of apoptosis upon DNA damage and ERβ which inhibits the anti‐tumor transcriptional activity of ERβ. The SIX members of the EYA‐SIX complex are difficult to target, therefore, we targeted the EYA2 to promote cell death and prevent cancer progression. We conducted structural optimization of a previously discovered allosteric inhibitor of EYA2, 9987, using the combination of in silico modeling, biochemical and cell‐based assays. A new series of compounds was developed with significantly improved cellular activity and physiochemical properties desirable for brain targets. Specifically, compound 2 e showed >30‐fold improvement in the medulloblastoma cell line D458, relative to 9987, while maintaining potent and selective inhibitory activity against EYA2 Tyr phosphatase activity and a good multiparameter optimization score for central nervous system drugs.
Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with bilateral lung transplant: An unexpected diagnosis on transbronchial fine needle aspiration and core biopsy
Authors: Trabzonlu Levent , McDermott Shaunagh , Pitman Martha B. , Chebib Ivan
Published: June 2024

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low‐grade vascular neoplasm that can be seen in various sites, most commonly seen in skin and mucosal tissues. Cytologic features of KS have been well‐documented in the literature, however, since it is rarely seen in visceral organs, it could pose significant diagnostic challenges on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. We present a case of pulmonary KS diagnosed on transbronchial FNA biopsy in a 70‐year‐old female bilateral lung allograft recipient 11 months after transplantation. The aspirate smears showed a moderately cellular specimen containing a mixture of small, tightly cohesive clusters and loosely clustered groups of monomorphic, ovoid to spindled cells with moderate nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. An extensive immunohistochemical panel on the concurrent core biopsy showed the tumor cells to be positive for ERG, KIT, and HHV8, confirming the diagnosis. We compared our case to previously published reports of confirmed pulmonary KS in lung allograft recipients.
Utilization of sulfonated cellulose membrane for Zn ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Khan Ziyauddin , Kumar Divyaratan , Lander Sanna , Phopase Jaywant , Crispin Reverant
Published: June 2024

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) are regarded as sustainable energy storage devices, largely due to the abundance of zinc and its compatibility with aqueous electrolytes. Thick glass microfiber separators are commonly employed in ZHCs because they resist penetration by Zn dendrites, a prevalent issue in these devices. However, glass fiber separators not only reduce the volumetric energy but also raise environmental concerns due to their production processes, which generate significant amounts of greenhouse gases. In this study, we propose using a sulfonated cellulose membrane (SCM) derived from softwood cellulose nanofibrils as an eco‐friendly and sustainable separator for ZHCs. Utilizing this sulfonated cellulose membrane, we achieved 2000 h of continuous plating/stripping of Zn and more than 95% coulombic efficiency. Additionally, the efficacy of SCM as a separator was validated through the successful deployment of a Zn ion hybrid capacitor, which exhibited specific energies of 42 Wh/kg. The ZHC demonstrated remarkable cyclic stability, enduring over 10 000 cycles with minimal self‐discharge behavior. This study highlights the use of a cost‐effective, thin, mechanically robust, and highly cross‐linked cellulose nanofibrils membrane for ZHCs, showcasing its potential for broader utilization in various energy storage devices.
Energy‐based corridor identification for mammals between protected areas in Iran
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Dong Pinliang , Ahmadzadeh Faraham
Published: June 2024

Body mass plays a crucial role in determining the mass‐specific energy expenditure during terrestrial locomotion across diverse animal taxa, affecting locomotion patterns. The energy landscape concept offers a framework to explore the relationship between landscape characteristics and energy expenditure, enhancing our understanding of animal movement. Although the energy landscape approach solely considers the topographic obstacles faced by animals, its suitability compared to previous methods for constructing resistance maps and delineating corridors has not been comprehensively examined. In this study, we utilized the enerscape R package to generate resistance maps in kilocalories (kcal) by incorporating digital elevation models (DEMs) and body size data (kg). We assigned body sizes ranging from 0.5 to 100 kg to encompass a wide range of small and large mammals in Iran, adjusting maximum dispersal distances accordingly from 50 to 200 km. By analyzing these scenarios, we produced four resistance maps for each body size. Next, we identified potential corridors between terrestrial protected areas in Iran using the Linkage Mapper toolkit and examined barriers and pinch‐points along these paths. Our study revealed significant findings regarding the shared corridors between small and large mammals in Iran's landscape. Despite their differing body sizes and energy requirements, many corridors were found to be utilized by both small and large mammal species. For example, we identified 206 corridors for mammals weighing 500 g, which were also recognized as the least‐cost paths for 100 kg mammals. Thus, embracing a comprehensive method in resistance map creation, one that incorporates species‐specific traits and human infrastructure becomes imperative for accurately identifying least‐cost paths and consequently pinpointing pinch points and barriers.
Cannibalism and competition can increase parasite abundance for parasites with complex life history strategies
Authors: Goodnight Sarah R. , McCoy Michael W.
Published: June 2024

Ecological interactions among hosts are critical to consider when predicting disease dynamics. Most theory predicts that intraguild predation (IGP) and cannibalism negatively impact parasite populations, but this is based primarily on assumptions of simple or single‐host life cycles. Here we investigate the effects of cannibalism in a size‐structured host population on two digenean trematodes that have complex, multihost life cycles. A high incidence of cannibalism among paratenic hosts produced higher parasite infection loads and abundance, whereas cannibalism among obligate hosts reduced parasite abundances. We attributed this difference to trophic transmission aggregating parasites in larger, potentially fitter hosts and also to transmission among paratenic hosts via cannibalism. Moreover, we found evidence of indirect competitive interactions between parasites that can also increase infections at small scales. Our results show there are multiple mechanisms through which high cannibalism environments can benefit parasites that use paratenic hosts and trophic transfer to complete their life cycles.
Improving the recovery for dissolved eDNA state: A comparative analysis of isopropanol precipitation, magnetic bead extraction, and centrifugal dialysis
Authors: Kirtane Anish , Deiner Kristy
Published: June 2024

Environmental DNA consists of multiple states including but not limited to membrane‐bound, adsorbed, and dissolved states. Because of their chemical and physical properties, each of these states may have different degradation and transport potential. Essential to the study of eDNA states is being able to isolate them from an environmental sample. Here, we focus on improving the DNA recovery of the dissolved state of eDNA from water. We compared three recovery methods, namely isopropanol precipitation, magnetic bead extraction, and centrifugal dialysis. We evaluated the effectiveness of these methods based on the measured DNA recovery of two different species' DNA of different sizes. DNA recovery was assessed with qPCR. We also checked for the effect of inhibitor removal, and lastly, we estimated the cost of reagents and consumables (not labor). The DNA recovery varied among extraction methods, with isopropanol precipitation yielding the highest recovery (52.47 ± 19.69%), followed by centrifugal dialysis (12.58 ± 7.15%) and magnetic bead extraction (9.92 ± 3.89%). However, isopropanol precipitation's efficacy was influenced by humic acid concentration in the water matrix. The presence of humic acids significantly affected isopropanol precipitation, with higher humic acid concentrations leading to increased DNA recovery. This suggests that humic acids act as co‐precipitators during isopropanol precipitation. We observed that longer DNA fragments (chicken) had lower recovery compared to shorter fragments (salmon) across all extraction methods. Magnetic bead extraction effectively removed inhibitors, while centrifugal dialysis and isopropanol extraction required an additional inhibitor removal step. Isopropanol, magnetic bead extraction, and centrifugal dialysis methods have estimated costs of 7.74, 8.53, and 23.62 USD in 2023 respectively. Overall, isopropanol precipitation was the least expensive and most effective with the highest measured recoveries, but it was dependent on humic acid concentration in the environmental sample.
Centralized control of large‐scale wind farm for system frequency stabilization of the power system
Authors: Konno Yuta , Takahashi Rion , Alsharif Faramarz , Umemura Atsushi
Published: June 2024

In recent years, wind power generation has been promoted as a countermeasure to global environmental problems. However, the introduction of many wind power generators into the power system may cause system frequency fluctuations. This paper proposes a control method to reduce system frequency fluctuations by using the rotor kinetic energy (RKE) of a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT). When the frequency falls, this method suppresses fluctuations by consuming RKE to increase VSWT power generation, and when it rises, it decreases VSWT power generation by accumulating RKE. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed through simulations using PSCAD/EMTDC.
Study of Mixed Re(I)/99mTc(I) Thiosemicarbazonate Complexes: Estrogen Receptor Affinity and Stability in Biological Media
Authors: Argibay‐Otero Saray , Núñez Ara , Muñoz Luis , Carballo Rosa , Fernandes Célia , Paulo António , Vázquez‐López Ezequiel M.
Published: June 2024

Nine potentially bidentate thiosemicarbazone (HLn) ligands and their tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes, [ReY(HLn)(CO)3] (Y=Cl, Br), were synthesized and their binding affinity towards the alpha and beta receptors were determined using a competitive standard radiometric assay with [3H]‐estradiol. Even in the absence of a base, coordinated thiosemicarbazones can undergo deprotonation causing the release of the coordinated halide forming dimeric species, [Re2(Ln)2(CO)6].

The observation of the formation of the dinuclear complex where the thiosemicarbazone ligand adopts the zwitterionic form, [Re2(HL9)2(CO)6]Br2, motivated the theoretical study of the relative stability of these species.

Despite the ease of formation of the dimer complexes, it was possible to optimize a synthetic route to obtain the [2+1] complexes [Re(Ln)(pym)(CO)3] where pym is the monodentate ligand 4‐dimethylamino‐pyridine or 4‐hydroxy ‐pyridine. The inclusion of this additional ligand substantially improves the affinity against the receptors (in some cases against both).

[99mTc(Ln)(pym)(CO)3] complexes were also prepared using [99mTc(H2O)(CO)3]+, an excess of HLn ligand and in the presence of pym. The radiochromatograms show the formation of the [2+1] complex but also the presence of species resulting from the substitution of pym by chloride and water. However, the ratio of intensities between the three signals remains constant with the variation of the relative concentration of the three monodentate ligands suggesting an equilibrium between the three complexes.
Research on multiobjective capacity configuration optimization of grid‐connected wind–solar–storage microgrid system based on improved BWO algorithm
Authors: Wang Ziheng , Wang Tao , Niu Qunfeng , Wu Jianfeng , Li Mingwei , Zhu Shuaiqi
Published: June 2024

How to effectively utilize renewable energy and improve the economic efficiency of microgrid system and its ability to consume renewable energy has become one of the main problems facing China at present. In response to this challenge, this paper establishes a multiobjective capacity optimization model with the minimum levelized cost of energy, the maximum proportion of renewable energy consumption, and the minimum comprehensive system cost. Based on this model, a new improved beluga whale optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the multiobjective optimization problem in the capacity allocation process of wind–solar–storage microgrid system with the goal of ensuring that the microgrid can meet the maximum load demand at different moments throughout the year. In this paper, opposition‐based learning, artificial bee colony, dynamic opposite, and beluga whale optimization are combined to improve the population diversity and convergence accuracy, thereby enhancing the optimization performance of the algorithm. Finally, after finding the optimal Pareto front solution, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution is used to help decision‐makers select the optimal solution. Using real load data and meteorological data, the results of this paper show that the multiobjective capacity allocation optimization method of grid‐connected scenic storage microgrid system based on the improved beluga whale optimization algorithm can improve the economics of the wind–solar–storage microgrid system and promote the photovoltaic consumption simultaneously, providing a solution for the realization of low‐carbon power and regional economic development. The best‐found levelized cost of energy for the wind–solar–storage microgrid system is 0.192 yuan/kWh.
The where and why of large wood occurrence in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers
Authors: Van Appledorn Molly , Jankowski KathiJo , Gahm Kaija , Budd Serenity , Baumann Douglas , Bennie Barbara , Erickson Richard , Haro Roger , Rohweder Jason
Published: June 2024

Large wood (LW) plays important geomorphic and ecological roles in rivers and is widely used as a restoration tool. Changes to floodplain land use and historical removal have altered wood dynamics in fluvial systems globally. We know little about the distribution and dynamics of LW in great rivers (approximately >105 km2) like the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers despite its ecosystem importance and use in restoration projects. We assessed LW occurrence data collected by the fisheries component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program's Long Term Resource Monitoring element. We analysed 25 years of data collected across six reaches of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers that represented contrasting physiographic settings, and across four aquatic area types comprising gradients of hydrology, connectivity and geomorphology. We tested hypotheses on drivers of LW occurrence using generalised linear mixed effects models, where occurrence was predicted by reach‐ and local‐scale environmental variables. Occurrence varied significantly across reaches and aquatic area types. In general, wood occurred more frequently upriver and in side channels compared to other aquatic areas. Large wood was most strongly predicted systemically by reach identity but not local‐scale variables, underscoring the importance of broad‐scale physiographic gradients in defining hydrogeomorphic processes. Floodplain forests and shoreline revetment were consistently important predictors across reaches. Our findings show that the spatial variability of LW occurrence reflects the physical variability of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. They also reveal the value in using geomorphic classifications as frameworks for understanding physical processes like LW dynamics because of their ability to contextualise site‐scale conditions. The baseline understanding of LW abundance across different hydrogeomorphic gradients and scales presented here can give insight into how to more effectively target restoration efforts in great rivers and contribute to a broader understanding of LW dynamics where such studies have been lacking.
115 years of sediment deposition in a reservoir in Central Europe: Effects of the industrial history and environmental protection on heavy metals and microplastic
Authors: Stauch Georg , Schulte Philipp , Schwanen Christina , Kümmerle Eberhard Andreas , Dörwald Lukas , Esch Alexander , Lehmkuhl Frank , Walk Janek
Published: June 2024

Humans have considerably influenced accumulation rates and sediment composition in lake deposits. Due to near‐continuous accumulation, lakes and reservoirs are an excellent archive of these anthropogenic influences. The Urft Reservoir in the Eifel Mountains, western Germany, provides a unique record of the human influence on the landscape for the past 115 years. In 2020 and 2021, 24 cores and 23 surface samples were obtained from the bottom of the, by that time drained, reservoir. Grain size, heavy metals, weathering signatures and microplastic were analysed. For the chronology, caesium‐137 and microplastic were used. Using the first occurrence of microplastic as well as different plastic types for dating was not successful. However, a distinct layer with a high number of microplastic particles could be traced back to a fire in 1991 and was used as an additional stratigraphic marker in the age‐depth model. A period of relatively high accumulation rates in the reservoir occurred in the mid‐1950s and was related to enhanced construction works in the local valleys. Analysis of heavy metal content in the reservoir sediments shows a strong connection to historical changes in ore industry in the valley of the Urft. Stricter environmental protection laws and the decline of the metal processing industry resulted in a reduced input of lead, copper and zinc in the reservoir until the mid‐1980s. Since then, heavy metal content has remained relatively constant. A major flooding event in July 2021 did not lead to the remobilisation of older contaminated deposits as indicated by low heavy metal content in flood deposits. Accordingly, also the microplastic content is not increasing following the extreme event. Due to the degree of weathering of the flood deposits, it is argued that mainly hillslope material was transported into the Urft and subsequently into the Urft Reservoir during this event.
Culturally responsive evaluation designs with Latine immigrants: Lessons learned during COVID‐19
Authors: Villarreal‐Otálora Tatiana , Channer Bianca , Pulgar Guzman Camila A.
Published: June 2024

Recruiting Latine immigrants for evaluation poses unique challenges, especially regarding stigmatized subjects (e.g., suicide). In this article, we draw on the challenges and lessons learned from a suicide‐related prevention communication mixed method study conducted with Latine immigrant caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic to provide innovative ways for increasing recruitment and participation of this population in evaluations. We conclude with recruiting recommendations for evaluators working with Latine immigrants.
An examination of a values‐engaged, educative evaluation at the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao
Authors: Boyce Ayesha S. , Orozco Grettel Mariana Arias , Garcia Gabriela
Published: June 2024

Examinations of culture and cultural responsiveness within evaluations have gained traction, successes and challenges working with Latino/a/e communities have been well‐documented, and considerations for working with this community have been put forth. However, evaluation literature examining culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) and social justice approaches within Latino/a/e contexts is still relatively nascent. In this article, we reflect upon an evaluation of a project at the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao. We present three key lessons learned. (1) Having the right evaluation team is critical. There is a need for team members with evaluation expertise and cultures and lived experiences similar to those of the participants. (2) Developing an understanding of the context is an important and continuously evolving task. (3) Culturally commensurate instruments and reports are a non‐negotiable aspect of culturally responsive evaluation work within Latino/a/e communities. We conclude with actionable strategies when working in similar contexts.
Queered approach for Latinx LGBTQ+ culturally responsive evaluation practice
Authors: García David Edward , Perez‐Bill Esrea , Felt Dylan , Glenn Erik Elías , Phillips Gregory
Published: June 2024

Evaluation with Latinx LGBTQ+ communities calls for a culturally responsive and equity‐based approach that appreciates the rich diversity of experiences within the grouping “Latinx LGBTQ+.” Recent advancements in Latino Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) in Evaluation and LGBTQ+ Evaluation, as well as rich historical genealogies of feminisms of color within Queer Theory offer valuable insights for evaluators working with Latinx LGBTQ+ communities. This article encourages embracing a “queered” approach to LatCrit, which meaningfully delves into the complexities of these experiences and attunes itself to the experiences and nuances of trauma. A Queered LatCrit emphasizes the importance of creating a safe and empowering context that acknowledges historical trauma and oppression, while simultaneously refusing deficit‐based frames and engaging the strengths and assets of in‐betweenness. Touching on historical, cultural, and methodological considerations, we argue for evaluations that recognize the unique challenges faced by Latinx LGBTQ+ communities while calling for evaluation practices rooted in culturally responsive, empowerment, and transformative traditions.
Creando vínculos (Establishing linkages) in program evaluation: Use of traditional activities and games to promote trust and engagement among Latino/a/e/x community members
Authors: Arias Orozco Grettel Mariana , Martínez‐Rubin Norma
Published: June 2024

This article presents activities and games as tools to promote trust and engagement in evaluation of interventions or initiatives designed and implemented to serve Latino/a/e/x communities in the United States and in Latin America. The diversity among Latino/a/e/x communities requires that evaluators be acquainted with practical ways to facilitate culturally sensitive and responsive engagement processes. Traditional games are practical engagement tools that can stimulate and foster inclusivity. Traditional games may be used in evaluation and research among Latino/a/e/x communities with diverse experiences and affiliations to local mission‐driven organizations that commission evaluation studies.
Culturally responsive evaluation with Latinx communities through culturally specific assessment: Building the Latinx immigration trauma assessment
Authors: Sul David , Domínguez Daniela G.
Published: June 2024

This article emphasizes that assessments misaligned with the populations of study have the potential for measurement disjuncture, invalidation of data meaning, and, ultimately, the invalidation of evaluation findings. The authors conducted a study to identify and describe the development of a culturally specific assessment (CSA) model and how it was used in the development of a Latinx Immigration Trauma assessment framework to reflect the unique experiences of Latinx immigrants. The authors outline the use of the Disjuncture‐response Dialectic as the theoretical grounding and utilize a Critical comparative case study design. The resultant multidimensional Latinx Immigration Trauma Assessment framework consists of the dimensions of nervios, desaliento, desesperanza, duelo, y pena. The development process may encourage evaluators to seek deeper understanding of their methodological choices when examining the efficacy of trauma interventions for Latinx immigrants.
The effect of pomegranate peel extract added as a natural preservative on the quality parameters of thornback ray (Raja clavata) sausages stored at +4°C
Authors: Caglak Emre , Ogretmen Ozen Yusuf , Karsli Baris
Published: June 2024

In this study, three different groups of sausages were produced from thornback ray (Raja clavata) without additives (control group), waste pomegranate peel extract (natural group), and ascorbic acid (synthetic group). Biochemical, physicochemical, and microbiological changes of sausages were examined under refrigerator conditions (+4°C), and the shelf life was determined. The best results in terms of nutritional and physicochemical values were obtained in sausages treated with pomegranate peel extract. All sausage groups were spoiled on the 15th day in terms of the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N); however, the pomegranate peel extract group showed a more positive effect compared to the other sausage groups. However, this value was not considered because cartilaginous fish such as stingrays contain higher levels of nonprotein nitrogenous compounds. It was observed that microbial growth was less in the natural group and the antimicrobial effect of pomegranate peel extract was higher than that of ascorbic acid. In addition, it was determined that the pomegranate peel extract group extended the shelf life up to 6 days in terms of total viable count (TVC) and yeast/mold compared to the control and synthetic groups, respectively. This study showed that pomegranate peel extract has a better protective effect than ascorbic acid and it can be used as a natural additive in preserving the quality of seafood products.
Association between intracellular adenosine triphosphate content of CD4+ T lymphocytes and mortality in sepsis patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Xian Ying , Xie Dan , Zhu Jian , Zheng Changlong , Fan Min , Jiang Kefeng , Zhang Kouxing
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to link intracellular adenosine triphosphate content in CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4+ iATP) with sepsis patient mortality, seeking a new predictive biomarker for outcomes and enhanced management.

Methods

61 sepsis patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between October 2021 and November 2022 were enrolled. iATP levels were gauged using whole blood CD4+ T cells stimulated with mitogen PHA‐L. Based on CD4+ iATP levels (<132.24 and ≥132.24 ng/mL), patients were categorized into two groups. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. To identify factors associated with mortality, both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted.

Results

Of the patients, 40 had high CD4+ iATP levels (≥132.24 ng/mL) and 21 had low levels (<132.24 ng/mL). In a 28‐day follow‐up, 21 (34.4%) patients perished. Adjusting for confounders like SOFA score, APACHE II score, lactic acid, and albumin, those with low CD4+ iATP had three‐ to fivefold higher mortality risk compared to high CD4+ iATP patients (61.9% vs. 20.0%; hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], Model 1: 4.515 [1.276–15.974], p = .019, Model 2: 3.512 [1.197–10.306], p = .022). CD4+ iATP correlated positively with white blood cell and neutrophil counts but not with lymphocytes, CD3, and CD4 counts.

Conclusions

Low CD4+ iATP levels were associated with a higher risk of mortality in sepsis patients. Measurement of CD4+ iATP may serve as a useful tool for identifying patients at a higher risk of mortality and could potentially provide a basis for clinical treatment. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Unraveling the enigma: The emerging significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins in predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID‐19
Authors: Bastani Mohammad Navid , Jalilian Shahram
Published: June 2024

Background

Severe cases of COVID‐19 often lead to the development of acute respiratory syndrome, a critical condition believed to be caused by the harmful effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on type II alveolar cells. These cells play a crucial role in producing pulmonary surfactants, which are essential for proper lung function. Specifically focusing on surfactant proteins, including Surfactant protein A (SP‐A), Surfactant protein B, Surfactant protein C, and Surfactant protein D (SP‐D), changes in the levels of pulmonary surfactants may be a significant factor in the pathological changes seen in COVID‐19 infection.

Objective

This study aims to gain insights into surfactants, particularly their impacts and changes during COVID‐19 infection, through a comprehensive review of current literature. The study focuses on the function of surfactants as prognostic markers, diagnostic factors, and essential components in the management and treatment of COVID‐19.

Finding

In general, pulmonary surfactants serve to reduce the surface tension at the gas–liquid interface, thereby significantly contributing to the regulation of respiratory mechanics. Additionally, these surfactants play a crucial role in the innate immune system within the pulmonary microenvironment. Within the spectrum of COVID‐19 infections, a compelling association is observed, characterized by elevated levels of SP‐D and SP‐A across a range of manifestations from mild to severe pneumonia. The sudden decline in respiratory function observed in COVID‐19 patients may be attributed to the decreased synthesis of surfactants by type II alveolar cells.

Conclusion

Collectin proteins such as SP‐A and SP‐D show promise as biomarkers, offering potential avenues for predicting and monitoring pulmonary alveolar injury in the context of COVID‐19. This clarification enhances our understanding of the molecular complexities contributing to respiratory complications in severe COVID‐19 cases, providing a foundation for targeted therapeutic approaches using surfactants and refined clinical management strategies.
Evaluating the Toxocara cati extract as a therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Bakhshani Amin , Parande Shirvan Sima , Sadr Soheil , Maleki Mohsen , Haghparast Alireza , Borji Hassan
Published: June 2024

Background

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that early life exposure to helminth infections can reduce hypersensitivity in the immune system.

Objective

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Toxocara cati (T. cati) somatic products on allergic airway inflammation.

Methods

Between 2018 and 2020, T. cati adult worms were collected from stray cats in Mashhad, Iran (31 out of 186 cats), and their somatic extract was collected. Thirty BALB/c mice were equally divided into three groups, including the OVA group (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin), the somatic administered group (received somatic extract along with ovalbumin sensitization), and the PBS group (sensitized and challenged with phosphate buffer saline). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected to assess the number of cells, and lung homogenates were prepared for cytokine analysis. Histopathological analysis of the lungs was performed, and inflammatory cells and mucus were detected. Cytokine levels (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ovalbumin‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined using a capture ELISA.

Results

The somatic group significantly decreased regarding the lung pathological changes, including peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, and eosinophil influx, compared to the group treated with ovalbumin alone. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐5 and an increase in the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, indicating a shift toward a more balanced immune response. The number of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid was also significantly reduced in the somatic group, indicating a decrease in inflammation.

Conclusion

These preclinical findings suggest that in experimental models, T. cati somatic extract exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating allergic airway inflammation. Its observed effects on immune response modulation and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration warrant further investigation in clinical studies to assess its efficacy and safety in human patients.
Astragaloside IV inhibits inflammation caused by influenza virus via reactive oxygen species/NOD‐like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/Caspase‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Zhou Yifan , Li Yi , Wang Ting , Chen Yandong , Zhou Yuanhong , Zhou Xiaolin , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2024

Background

Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) is the most active monomer in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Radix Astragali, which has a wide range of antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrosis pharmacological effects, and shows protective effects in acute lung injury.

Methods

This study utilized the immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and hematoxylin and eosin staining methods to investigate the mechanism of AS‐IV in reducing viral pneumonia caused by influenza A virus in A549 cells and BALB/c mice.

Results

The results showed that AS‐IV suppressed reactive oxygen species production in influenza virus‐infected A549 cells in a dose‐dependent manner, and subsequently inhibited the activation of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome and Caspase‐1, decreased interleukin (IL) ‐1β and IL‐18 secretion. In BALB/c mice infected with Poly (I:C), oral administration of AS‐IV can significantly reduce Poly (I:C)‐induced acute pneumonia and lung pathological injury.

Conclusions

AS‐IV alleviates the inflammatory response induced by influenza virus in vitro and lung flammation and structural damage caused by poly (I:C) in vivo.