bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant dispersal in the Devonian world (c. 419–359 Ma)
Authors: Liu Bing‐Cai , Wang Kai , Bai Jiao , Wang Yao , Huang Bing , Xu Hong‐He
Published: May 2024

Dispersal, whether active or passive, plays a crucial role in biogeography by facilitating the movement of propagules away from their original location. Botanical geographical zonation, resulting from the co‐evolution of plants and their environment, has been established since the remarkable plant diversification during the Devonian Period (c. 419–359 Ma). However, a significant knowledge gap exists in understanding plant dispersal between living and fossil organisms due to the rarity of opportunities for tracing plant dispersal in geological history. In this study, we present evidence of two plant dispersal routes and verify their occurrence through the examination of geographical zonation, changes in plant diversity, and latitudinal and longitudinal gradients during the Devonian. We analyse global occurrence data from widely‐distributed and extensively‐studied Devonian plants. The two dispersal routes, namely clockwise and anticlockwise, connect the South China and Euramerica–Siberia realms. These routes clearly demonstrate inland and inter‐land dispersal models, closely linked to Devonian sea–land topography and dispersal vectors such as wind and ocean currents. Moreover, these models probably apply to all Devonian plants. Our comprehensive synthesis of plant dispersal in deep time reveals that propagule diversity and dispersal vectors have progressively increased and become more complex over time, facilitating plant colonization and diversity changes. Importantly, our study unveils the dispersal models of fossil plants, demonstrating the equivalent models observed in extant plants that have been established since the Devonian Period.
Field response and genetic variability of elite spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for septoria tritici blotch under natural infection in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kassie Molla Mekonnen , Abebe Tiegist Dejene , Abate Desta Ermias , Aseress Tazebachew , Tadesse Wuletaw
Published: May 2024

Fungal diseases cause significant yield loss to wheat production. Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete fungus Zymoseptoria trtici, is one of the major fungal diseases affecting wheat production worldwide. In Ethiopia, STB is a severe problem that causes significant yield loss in high and mid‐altitude wheat‐growing areas. The use of resistant varieties is one of the sustainable disease management strategies, particularly for resource‐poor farmers in developing countries. Two hundred and fifty bread wheat genotypes were evaluated to identify septoria tritici resistant genotypes and estimate the extent of genetic variability for resistance to STB and other economically important traits using alpha lattice design under natural infestation in two STB hotspot environments. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes, environment, and genotype × environment interaction for all traits measured. The genetic coefficient of variance was lower than the phenotypic coefficient of variance for all traits studied, and both test environments showed the influence of the environment on trait expression. High and moderate heritability values were observed for the septoria disease severity parameters, indicating that the STB resistance trait was less influenced by the environment. The days to heading and plant height were inversely correlated with disease severity. This suggests that genotypes with tall plant height and long maturity period could be resistant to septoria tritici blotch through escape mechanisms. Four of the genotypes, namely, G‐215, G‐255, G‐257, and G‐258, were found to be resistant across all locations. These and other promising genotypes will be used in future breeding programmes to select or develop high‐yielding and STB‐resistant bread wheat genotypes that can be deployed in septoria tritici blotch‐prone areas. Highly susceptible genotypes will also be used as controls for STB resistance breeding programmes.
Mate value discrepancies and mate retention behaviors: A cubic response surface analysis
Authors: Young Gracynn , Zeigler‐Hill Virgil , Ross Jessica
Published: May 2024

This study used cubic polynomial regression with response surface analysis to examine the associations that mate value discrepancies (i.e., the difference between an individual's self‐reported mate value and their perceptions of their partner's mate value) had with mate retention behaviors performed by the individual and their perceptions of the mate retention behaviors performed by their partner. The sample included 1083 undergraduates, and the results revealed a congruence effect such that participants who perceived themselves and their romantic partners to have similarly low levels of mate value reported high levels of cost‐inflicting behaviors by themselves and their partners. There was also a curvilinear association that emerged for mate value discrepancies such that individuals who perceived themselves to have higher levels of mate value than their partners reported higher levels of cost‐inflicting behaviors by themselves and their romantic partners. These results demonstrate how cubic response surface analysis can allow for a better understanding of the connections that mate value discrepancies have with outcomes in romantic relationships.
Pitchfork bifurcation along a slow parameter ramp: Coherent structures in the critical scaling
Authors: Goh Ryan , Kaper Tasso J. , Scheel Arnd
Published: May 2024

We investigate the slow passage through a pitchfork bifurcation in a spatially extended system, when the onset of instability is slowly varying in space. We focus here on the critical parameter scaling, when the instability locus propagates with speed , where is a small parameter that measures the gradient of the parameter ramp. Our results establish how the instability is mediated by a front traveling with the speed of the parameter ramp, and demonstrate scalings for a delay or advance of the instability relative to the bifurcation locus depending on the sign of , that is on the direction of propagation of the parameter ramp through the pitchfork bifurcation. The results also include a generalization of the classical Hastings–McLeod solution of the Painlevé‐II equation to Painlevé‐II equations with a drift term.
Prevalence of human herpesvirus in plasma and saliva of cirrhotic patients: A pilot study
Authors: Bueno Marinho Gabriella , Bertoldi Franco Juliana , Tenório Jefferson R. , Silva Andrade Natália , Zerbinati Rodrigo Melim , Medina Janaína B. , Pérez‐Sayáns Mário , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Ortega Karem L.
Published: May 2024

Aims

The objective of this study was to identify the presence of human herpesvirus (HHV) in the plasma and saliva of hepatic‐cirrhosis patients and correlate it with clinical data and laboratory tests. This is a pilot, observational, and cross‐sectional study.

Methods and results

Specimens of plasma and saliva from 72 cirrhotic individuals were analyzed by means of polymerase chain reaction. The patient population had a mean age of 54.84 years old (SD ± 10) and was 70% males (51/72). Approximately 47% (n = 34) of the patients had leukopenia and HHV was not identified in the plasma specimens. The main species of HHV identified in the saliva were HHV‐7 (n = 42, 62%) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) (n = 30, 41%). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the total number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in saliva containing EBV (P = .038 and P = .047, respectively).

Conclusion

The results show that the presence of EBV in the saliva of cirrhotic patients was correlated with their circulating immune status. It may be possible that the immune dysfunction displayed by the cirrhotic patients plays a role in the shedding of EBV into saliva.
Schemas, rounding, and comparison, oh my!: Supporting students with money word problems
Authors: Bouck Emily C. , Cox Sarah , Long Holly , Reiley Sarah
Published: May 2024

Purchasing skills are important for students with disabilities, including those with support needs, to access their community and future employment opportunities independently. However, making purchasing and money decisions can involve a variety of mathematics skills like rounding, estimation, and price comparison. Schematic diagrams and schema‐based instruction are researcher‐supported interventions used to support students with disabilities in solving word problems related to purchasing and other money related skills. Researchers in this study explored the use of schematic instruction for teaching rounding, estimating, and number comparison skills to aid students in making purchasing decisions. Two of the three students in the study met the mastery criteria of 100% independence for two consecutive sessions; the third did not. The two students who met mastery criteria also successfully generalized the skills to a simulated shopping experience. Overall, the results suggest the value of schematic diagram but also indicate the need to provide more supports and scaffolds to support some students with disabilities in solving multi‐step word problems.
NOMINALIZED CLAUSES AND DISCOURSE‐GIVENNESS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIAN*
Authors: Knyazev Mikhail , Rudaleva Ekaterina
Published: May 2024

In a seminal paper, Kiparsky & Kiparsky (1970) proposed a two‐way correspondence between presuppositionality of clauses and nominal structure. The proposal remains highly relevant to current research (a.o. Kastner 2015, Bochnak & Hanink 2022), despite the existence of counterexamples in both directions. In this paper, we examine Russian nominalized clauses to show that presuppositionality is indeed neither necessary nor sufficient for nominalization. However, instead of completely discarding the correspondence between presuppositionality and nominalization, we argue for a weaker “preference” hypothesis, whereby presuppositional, or discourse‐given, contexts are associated with a higher likelihood of nominalization compared to discourse‐new contexts. We provide support for the preference hypothesis based on four experimental studies, a forced‐choice and a givenness‐rating study using matrix negation as a proxy for givenness and a forced‐choice and a sentence completion study directly manipulating the discourse context. We suggest a tentative explanation for the preference hypothesis in terms of definiteness/familiarity marking.
Global shocks and the dynamics of EU countries' specialisation
Authors: Comi Simona , Grasseni Mara , Resmini Laura
Published: May 2024

This article empirically investigates the effects of global shocks on EU‐28 countries' patterns of specialisation by focusing on the global financial crisis of 2008. In particular, it addresses the following two research questions: Did the financial crisis change the patterns of specialisation of EU member states? Was the impact of the crisis homogenous across countries and manufacturing products? Answering these questions is important because changes in specialisation generate inequalities, given the shift of the demand from one factor to another. Using an unconditional quantile regression approach, this study demonstrates that the financial crisis had a positive effect which was larger on products in which countries were not specialised before the crisis. Some heterogeneity also emerged at both sectoral and geographical levels.
Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with bacterial respiratory diseases
Authors: Koho N. , Rajamäki M. M. , Viitanen S. J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a useful biomarker in humans in the identification of bacterial respiratory infections.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of serum PCT measurements as a diagnostic biomarker in canine bacterial lower respiratory tract diseases.

Methods

PCT concentrations were measured in serum samples with an ELISA method previously validated for dogs. All dogs underwent thorough clinical examinations, and the diagnosis of respiratory disease was based on clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging, as well as cytology and bacterial culture of respiratory samples. PCT concentrations between different cohorts of dogs were compared with an ANOVA‐model.

Results

Sixty‐two privately owned dogs with respiratory diseases, 25 with bacterial pneumonia (BP), 17 with bacterial bronchitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB), and 20 with chronic bronchitis (CB) as well as 44 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum PCT concentrations in dogs with bacterial respiratory diseases (BP mean 51.8 ng/L ± standard deviation [SD] 40.6 ng/L and BB mean 61.4 ng/L ± SD 35.3 ng/L) were not significantly different when compared with dogs with a non‐bacterial respiratory disease (CB mean 89.7 ± SD 73.5 ng/L) or healthy dogs (mean 51.0 ng/L ± SD 37.5 ng/L, p > .05 in all comparisons).

Conclusions

These results indicate that despite being a valuable diagnostic, prognostic, and follow‐up marker in humans with pneumonia, serum PCT concentrations are not elevated in dogs with bacterial respiratory diseases and, therefore, cannot be used as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs.
Combined Virtual-Reality- and Gym-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Children With a Developmental Disability: Effects on Physical Activity Levels, Motor Skills, and Social Skills
Authors: Lee Hoo Kyung , Jin Jooyeon
Published: May 2024

This study examined the effects of a combined virtual-reality- and gym-based physical activity (PA) program on PA levels, motor skills, and social skills of children with a developmental disability (DD). Twenty-five children with DD were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention was conducted for 60 min, two times a week, for 12 weeks. Pre- and postintervention assessments encompassing PA levels measured via Gravity Estimator of Normal Everyday Activity, motor skills evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition, and social skills gauged via the Social Skills Rating System-Parent were conducted. Additionally, a follow-up assessment was administered to the experimental group 12 weeks postintervention. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that the combined virtual-reality- and gym-based PA program yielded significant enhancements in PA levels, motor skills, and social skills among children with DD in the experimental group. Notably, these improvements were sustained 12 weeks after the intervention. These findings may help professionals develop and implement better PA programs for children with DD.
Voluntary Contraction of the Abdominal Muscles Increases Hip Muscle Activation During Lower-Extremity Exercises: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Dingirdan Birgul , Kuyulu Pinar , Can Ezgi Nur , Caylan Gurses Kubra , Harput Gulcan
Published: May 2024

Clinical Scenario: Existing studies have posited that incorporating abdominal enhancement techniques during lower-extremity exercises might mitigate compensatory pelvic motions and enhance the engagement of specific hip muscles. Clinical Question: Does performing lower-extremity exercises with abdominal enhancement techniques increase hip muscle activation levels in healthy individuals? Summary of Key Finding: After the literature review, 4 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this critically appraised topic. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence to support that prone hip extension with abdominal enhancement may increase gluteus maximus and hamstring muscle activity. Gluteus medius activity may not be affected by abdominal enhancement during hip abduction exercises. Strength and Recommendation: The collective findings from the 4 cross-sectional trials indicate that the incorporation of abdominal enhancement techniques during lower-extremity exercises may have the potential to enhance targeted muscle activation levels in healthy individuals. Further research is recommended to establish more robust conclusions.
Understanding the impact of maternal and infant nutrition on infant/child health: multiethnic considerations, knowledge translation, and future directions for equitable health research
Authors: Azab Sandi , Kandasamy Sujane , Wahi Gita , Lamri Amel , Desai Dipika , Williams Natalie , Zulyniak Michael , de Souza Russell , Anand Sonia S.
Published: May 2024

A mother’s intrauterine environment influences her health and that of her offspring, at birth and in the future. Herein, we present an overview of our Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)-funded grant “Understanding the impact of maternal and infant nutrition on infant/child health”—set within The NutriGen Birth Cohort Alliance. NutriGen is a consortium of four Canadian prospective birth cohorts representing >5000 mother–child pairs of diverse ethnic groups including South Asians, White Europeans, and Indigenous peoples. We summarize our objectives and main findings on outcomes of maternal diet, gestational diabetes, birth weight, cardiometabolic health, the microbiome, and epigenetic modifications. We append this work with 10 key messages when conducting multiethnic research and review our knowledge translation products. We describe the clinical impact of our research on maternal and child health and conclude with future directions on biomarker discovery, expansion to other ethnic groups, and interventions for high-risk populations.
Seasonal and diurnal marine mammal presence in the proposed marine protected area of Southampton Island, Hudson Bay, Nunavut as revealed by passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Coppolaro Veronica Laura Maria , Gupta Kaushik , Loseto Lisa , Mundy C.J. , Marcoux Marianne
Published: May 2024

Marine protected areas contribute to mitigating the effects of human activities on marine ecosystems. The waters of Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada are under consideration to become a marine protected area, but baseline information of marine mammal presence and habitat use is lacking. This study represents the first passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals in this area, with data collected in 2018 and 2019. Bioacoustics analyses and generalized linear models were used to investigate species seasonal and temporal vocalization trends; infer behavior and habitat use from vocal cues; and explore vocal activity correlation with sea ice. Over a diel period, bearded seals ( Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)) and walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758)) were found to increase their vocal activity at night, whereas belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) mainly vocalized during daytime. Seasonally, bearded seals were recorded only during their breeding season at sea ice break-up, while walruses vocalized consistently throughout the open-water period outside their breeding season. Beluga vocal trends suggest their use of the area as a migratory corridor during sea ice break-up and freeze-up. Finally, bowhead whales ( Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758) were recorded later than expected, concurrently with the onset of their mating vocal displays during the fall migration at sea ice freeze-up.
Undrained cavity expansion–contraction analysis in CASM and its application for pressuremeter tests
Authors: Li Guo-Yao , Mo Pin-Qiang , Yang He , Yu Hai-Sui , Qin Yong-Jun
Published: May 2024

Many geotechnical scenarios involve cavity unloading from a loaded state, particularly in pressuremeter tests, and the unloading data of pressuremeter tests has exceptional attraction as it is less disturbed by the insertion process. However, the analyses for continuous cavity loading and unloading (i.e., cavity initially experiences expansion and then contracts) in critical state soils are rarely studied. To this end, a novel semi-analytical solution based on the unified state parameter model for clay and sand (CASM) is proposed for the whole expansion–contraction of spherical and cylindrical cavities under undrained conditions. The problem assumes that the cavity is unloaded after a monotonic loading stage, leading to plastic regions during both loading and unloading periods. The cavity response for the whole expansion-contraction process is investigated, with the total pressure and stress paths at the cavity wall presented and validated against numerical simulation. The developed solution is successfully implemented to interpret both loading and unloading data of pressuremeter tests. The undrained shear strength, in situ effective horizontal stress and initial overconsolidation ratio are back analyzed by using a curve fitting method based on the proposed solution.
ZoAM GameBot: A Journey to the Lost Computational World in the Amazonia
Authors: Pessoa Larissa , Martins Lia , Hsu Meng , de Freitas Rosiane
Published: May 2024

The search for alternative teaching–learning processes that attract more interest and involvement of young people has inspired the development of a game with a chatbot architecture based on interactive storytelling and multiple learning paths. Thus, we introduce in this article the GameBot ZoAm, developed for the Discord instant messaging and social platform. ZoAm offers a unique learning experience centered around storytelling, focusing on fundamental computing concepts and logical challenges that enhance computational thinking skills. Furthermore, the game also promotes an appreciation for Amazonian culture and folklore, with decision-making with human values. An action research study was conducted involving students from the last years of the end of elementary school. The research utilized a heuristic analysis based on the Gameplay Heuristics (PLAY) by Desurvire and Wiberg (ANO) and the evaluation model proposed by Korhonen and Koivisto (ANO) for mobile devices. The analysis employed a reduced and merged set of heuristics from these models, suited for the GameBot's context, focusing on (I) usability, (II) gameplay and immersion, and (III) mobility. Regarding the reliability coefficient used to evaluate the survey applied to students after playing the GameBot, Cronbach's Alpha and Guttman Lambda-6 (G6(smc)) coefficients were applied. These metrics were chosen to ensure the internal consistency and reliability of survey items, reflecting on how effectively the questions measured the focuses proposed by the heuristic analysis. The findings indicate that the game has the potential to facilitate the assimilation of the integrated concepts and sustain student interest throughout gameplay.
Creativity and Machine Learning: A Survey
Authors: Franceschelli Giorgio , Musolesi Mirco
Published: May 2024

There is a growing interest in the area of machine learning and creativity. This survey presents an overview of the history and the state of the art of computational creativity theories, key machine learning techniques (including generative deep learning), and corresponding automatic evaluation methods. After presenting a critical discussion of the key contributions in this area, we outline the current research challenges and emerging opportunities in this field.
Supporting Emotional Intelligence, Productivity and Team Goals while Handling Software Requirements Changes
Authors: Madampe Kashumi , Hoda Rashina , Grundy John
Published: May 2024

Background:
Research shows that
emotional intelligence
(EI) should be used alongside cognitive intelligence during requirements change (RC) handling in Software Engineering (SE), especially in agile settings.
Objective:
We wanted to study the role of EI in-depth during RC handling.
Method:
We conducted a mixed-methods study (an interview study followed by a survey study) with 124 software practitioners.
Findings:
We found the causal condition, intervening condition and causes lead to key direct consequences of regulating own emotions, managing relationships, and extended consequences of sustaining productivity, setting and sustaining team goals. We found several strategies of supporting EI during RC handling. Further, we found strong correlations between six strategies and one being aware of own emotions, regulating own emotions, sustaining team productivity, and setting and sustaining team goals.
Conclusion:
Empathising with others and tracking commitments and decisions as a team are key strategies that have strong correlations between managing emotions, between sustaining team productivity, and between setting and sustaining team goals. To the best of our knowledge, the framework we present in this paper is the first theoretical framework on EI in SE research. We provide recommendations for software practitioners to consider during RC handling.
Expanding-Window Zigzag Decodable Fountain Codes for Scalable Multimedia Transmission
Authors: Zhao Yuli , Zhang Yin , Lau Francis C. M. , Yu Hai , Zhu Zhiliang , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2024

In this article, we present a coding method called expanding-window zigzag decodable fountain code with unequal error protection property (EWF-ZD UEP code) to achieve scalable multimedia transmission. The key idea of the EWF-ZD UEP code is to utilize bit-shift operation and expanding-window strategy to improve the decoding performance of the high-priority data without performance deterioration of the low-priority data. To provide more protection for the high-priority data, we precode the different importance level using LDPC codes of varying code rates. The generalized variable nodes of different importance levels are further grouped into several windows. Each window is associated with a selection probability and a bit-shift distribution. The combination of bit-shift and symbol exclusive-or operations is used to generate an encoded symbol. Theoretical and simulation results on input symbols of two importance levels reveal that the proposed EWF-ZD UEP code exhibits UEP property. With a small bit shift, the decoding delay for recovering high-priority input symbols is decreased without degrading the decoding performance of the low-priority input symbols. Moreover, according to the simulation results on scalable video coding, our scheme provides better basic video quality at a lower proportion of received symbols compared to three state-of-art UEP fountain codes.
A Review of Explainable Fashion Compatibility Modeling Methods
Authors: Selwon Karolina , Szymański Julian
Published: May 2024

The paper reviews methods used in the fashion compatibility recommendation domain. We select methods based on reproducibility, explainability, and novelty aspects and then organize them chronologically and thematically. We presented general characteristics of publicly available datasets that are related to the fashion compatibility recommendation task. Finally, we analyzed the representation bias of datasets, fashion-based algorithms’ sustainability, and explainable model assessment. The paper describes practical problem explanations, methodologies, and published datasets that may serve as an inspiration for further research. The proposed structure of the survey organizes knowledge in the fashion recommendation domain and will be beneficial for those who want to learn the topic from scratch, expand their knowledge, or find a new field for research. Furthermore, the information included in this paper could contribute to developing an effective and ethical fashion-based recommendation system.
DCDIMB: Dynamic Community-based Diversified Influence Maximization using Bridge Nodes
Authors: Meena Sunil Kumar , Singh Shashank Sheshar , Singh Kuldeep
Published: May 2024

Influence maximization (IM) is the fundamental study of social network analysis. The IM problem finds the top
k
nodes that have maximum influence in the network. Most of the studies in IM focus on maximizing the number of activated nodes in the static social network. But in real life, social networks are dynamic in nature. This work addresses the diversification of activated nodes in the dynamic social network. This work proposes an objective function that maximizes the number of communities by utilizing bridge nodes. We also propose a diffusion model that considers the role of inactive nodes in influencing a node. We prove the submodularity, and monotonicity of the objective function under the proposed diffusion model. This work analyzes the impact of different ratios of bridge nodes in the seed set on real-world and synthetic datasets. Furthermore, we prove the NP-Hardness of the objective function under the proposed diffusion model. The experiments are conducted on various real-world and synthetic datasets with known and unknown community information. The proposed work experimentally shows that the objective function gives the maximum number of communities considering bridge nodes compared with the benchmark algorithms.
On Performance Enhancement of the STED Process Using Modified Tool Electrode
Authors: Vats Anuj , Tiwari Tanmay , Dvivedi Akshay , Kumar Pradeep
Published: May 2024

Shaped tube electrolytic drilling (STED) is an electrochemical machining variant that employs a tubular tool electrode to produce holes with a high aspect ratio on hard-to-machine materials. The tubular electrodes with a diameter below 1 mm produce undesired residue (center-peak) at the machining surface that hampers the machining rate. Therefore, this study attempts to improve the electrolyte flow and enhance the electrochemical dissolution through tool modification. The performance enhancement of the STED process in terms of material removal rate and average diametral overcut has been explored. The issues related to the limitations in material removal in the STED process are brought forth with the technique to resolve those difficulties. The experiments were conducted with the modified tubular tool, and the length of slits on the tool was selected based on the simulation insights and pilot study. The effects of input process parameters (applied voltage, tool feed rate, electrolyte concentration, and tool slit length) on the output responses obtained from the STED process are elaborated. Holes with diameters in the range 0.89–0.97 mm and 12 mm depth were fabricated. Further optimization of the process parameters in the design space is also presented to obtain sustainable process performance.
Bimetallic Nitride Ni3Mo3N Microrods with Abundant Catalytic Sites Used as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Hui , Lin Changcheng , Zhang Zhaoshun , Zuo Xueqin , Yang Qun , Tang Huaibao , Li Guang
Published: May 2024

The importance of efficient and stable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for hydrogen production in alkaline conditions to energy crisis resolution and environmental pollution is immense. In general, the quantity of catalytic sites in the electrocatalyst limits the current density of HER. In response to such problems, the bimetallic effect of non-noble bimetallic nitrides has been shown to regulate the corresponding catalytic sites. Here, a microrod-like non-noble bimetallic nitride catalyst with Ni3Mo3N microrods uniformly modified on nickel foam was synthesized by hydrothermal and nitriding processes. The catalyst showed high catalytic activity for HER in 1 M KOH solution. The overpotential was only 28 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, demonstrating exceptional electrochemical performance. Furthermore, it exhibited remarkable long-term stability under the same current density. This work will open up a low-cost and simple way for the synthesis of bimetallic nitrides as functional electrode materials for HER and electrochemical detection.
Fabrication of Cu-Ni Alloy Microcomponents using Localized Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Wu Wenzheng , Tang Xiaojie , Wang Jing , Zhao Chenghan
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of electronics, additive manufacturing of complex three-dimensional microscale metal and alloy structures has emerged as one of the future directions for advanced technologies. In this study, a localized electrochemical deposition technique was developed which enables the fabrication of microscale three-dimensional metal structures in an ambient environment. Notably, we investigated the effects of voltage, initial electrode gap, and electrolyte composition on the deposition of Cu-Ni alloy. Furthermore, we successfully fabricated Cu-Ni equiatomic micro-columns, providing possibilities for the micro/nanoscale fabrication of commercial K-Monel copper. Finally, based on these foundations, we successfully shaped overhanging structures with various angles as well as an “H” structure using a rotating cathode substrate, demonstrating their potential in the fabrication of Cu-Ni alloy micro components.
Investigation on the Passive Behavior of Ti-9Mn Alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution
Authors: Arroussi Mohammed , Jia Qing , Ter-Ovanessian Benoît , Yang Ke , Bai Chunguang , Wu Jiajia , Wang Peng
Published: May 2024

Ti-9Mn alloy, widely used in aerospace and hydrogen storage, was recently introduced for marine and offshore structures because of its competitive mechanical characteristics. In this study, passive behavior of Ti-9Mn alloy was compared to the commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti). Ti-9Mn exhibited lower charge-transfer resistance than cp-Ti. Under steady-state condition, resistivity at metal/oxide film interface for Ti-9Mn alloy, which increased as fa unction of applied passive potential in range of 0.5 to 1.5 VSCE, was found to be lower than that of cp-Ti. Complex-capacitance (C
∞) value for Ti-9Mn alloy was higher than that of cp-Ti. Presence of Mn in the alloy induced significant increase in current density when potential exceeds 1.5 VSCE. Corrosion current density of Ti-9Mn (16.2 ± 4.0 nA cm−2) was three times higher than that of cp-Ti (4.57 ± 0.7 nA cm−2) after 21 days immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl. The study may allow us to realize the full potential passivation behavior of Ti-9Mn for future marine and offshore applications.
A Benign Synthesis Route to Terephthalic Acid via Two-Step Electrochemical Oxidation of P-xylene
Authors: Ding Haoran , Orazov Marat , Oliveira Nicholas , Yan Yushan
Published: May 2024

Terephthalic acid is conventionally synthesized through the AMOCO process under harsh conditions, making milder electrosynthesis routes desirable. Electrooxidation of p-xylene has been demonstrated but the degree of oxidation is limited, resulting in low terephthalic acid yields. Here, we demonstrate a process with two electrochemical steps enabling the complete oxidation of p-xylene into terephthalic acid. The first electrochemical step achieves C-H activation of p-xylene using electrochemically generated bromine as a mediator, while the second electrochemical step does alcohol oxidation of 1,4-benzenedimethanol into terephthalate on NiOOH. The divided cell in the first step simultaneously generates acid and base that are utilized subsequently, negating the need of external acid and base addition and thus offering a cost competitive synthesis route. The competing bromide oxidation in the second step is suppressed by using constant voltage electrolysis at 0.50 V, where an optimal yield of terephthalic acid of 81% is achieved.
Ultra-High Performance of In Situ Constructed Trimetallic (Pd, Fe, Co) Nanoparticles on Carbon Paper as an Electrocatalyst for Large Current Density Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Niyitanga Theophile , Ghanashyam Gyawali , Tanue Nde Dieudonne , Kim Haekyoung
Published: May 2024

Seawater electrocatalysis holds significant promise as a technology for hydrogen production. A simple and low-cost impregnation-hydrothermal and thermal reduction strategy was used to synthesize in situ constructed three-dimensional porous trimetallic (Pd, Fe, and Co) anchored on a cheap and high-conducting carbon paper (CP) electrode for water electrolysis in alkaline media. The fabricated PdFeCo1−xONPs@CP electrode had super-hydrophilic and superaerophobic properties, allowing for the efficient removal of oxygen bubbles from the electrode surface due to the close interaction between the electrode and electrolyte. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of trimetallics and CP-fibers significantly increased OER intrinsic activity. PdFeCo1−xONPs@CP catalyst demonstrated critical low overpotentials of 220 and 300 mV, resulting in an extraordinarily high current density of 100 mA cm−2. For the full cell overall water splitting performance, cell overpotentials as low as 140 and 151 mV were needed to drive 10 mA cm−2 in seawater and alkaline solution electrolytes.
Communication—Fabrication of Micro-Holes in PMMA Using Micro-ECDM Process: Geometric Characteristics and EC Discharge Behaviour
Authors: Arab Julfekar , Sharma Priyaranjan , Chen Shih-Chi
Published: May 2024

High-quality micro-features with low production cost are in high demand for the development of cost-effective microfluidic devices. In this work, we present a scalable and cost-effective fabrication process for fabricating blind micro-holes in PMMA substrates via micro-electrochemical discharge machining (Micro-ECDM) for the first time. By providing the suitable applied voltage (Va), uniformity of the electrochemical (EC) discharges and subsequent geometric characteristics of the micro-holes can be controlled. The stable and unstable EC discharge zones and micro-hole machining quality for different Va and tool conditions have been identified. For unstable and non-uniform EC discharge zone at Va of 26 V, the variation in the micro-hole output parameters is higher compared to stable and uniform EC discharge zones at Va of 28 V and 30 V. Based on the results, micro-holes with appropriate quality have been fabricated and characterized.
Constructing an All Solid-state Flexible Lithium-Manganese Battery with High Performance
Authors: Yan Ye-ba , Fang Yue , Wang Jia-liang , Zhou Heng-xue , Long Yi , Liang Bo , Yao Ying-bang , Tian Libin , Lu Sheng-guo , Tao Tao
Published: May 2024

Due to a lack of portable flexible power supply, flexible electronic products can still not be applied in a large scale, particularly in the high energy density devices. To resolve this issue, flexible solid-state lithium batteries with a high safety, excellent mechanical property, and high energy densit，is proposed. In this paper, a flexible solid-state lithium-manganese battery is developed, which is assembled with a lithium cloth composite anode, a composite solid-state electrolyte poly (vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP)/Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO), and a composite cathode (Fe ion-doped MnO2-carbon cloth). To improve the conductivity and stability of cathode, a mixture of conductive carbon black (Super P) and sodium alginate (SA) is employed. To ensure the high capacity and low price, the MnO2-based cathode is used.The obtained solid state batteries can deliver an initial capacity of 275.9 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 C and a capacity retention of 57.9% (159.7 mAh g−1) after 1000 cycles. Also the produced flexible punch cell can light up the light-emitting diode(LED), and its capacity is 0.58 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles at current density of 0.2 C.
Towards Immobilized Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Agents for Electrochemical Carbon Capture from Air and Seawater
Authors: Ali Fawaz , Bilger David , Patamia Evan D. , Andrew Trisha L. , Kwabi David G.
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical CO2 separation has drawn attention as a promising strategy for using renewable energy to mitigate climate change. Redox-active compounds that undergo proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) are an impetus for pH-swing-driven CO2 capture at low energetic costs. However, multiple barriers hinder this technology from maturing, including sensitivity to oxygen and the slow kinetics of CO2 capture. Here, we use vapor phase chemistry to construct a textile electrode comprising an immobilized PCET agent, poly(1-aminoanthraquinone) (PAAQ), and incorporate it into redox flow cells. This design contrasts with others that use dissolved PCET agents by confining proton-storage to the surface of an electrode kept separate from an aqueous, CO2-capturing phase. This system facilitates carbon capture from gaseous sources (a 1% CO2 feed and air), as well as seawater, with the latter at an energetic cost of 202 kJ/molCO2, and we find that quinone moieties embedded within the electrode are more stable to oxygen than dissolved counterparts. Simulations using a 1D reaction-transport model show that moderate energetic costs should be possible for air capture of CO2 with higher loadings of polymer-bound PCET moieties. The remarkable stability of this system sets the stage for producing textile-based electrodes that facilitate pH-swing-driven carbon capture in practical situations.
Threshold Voltage Instability After Double Pulse Test Under Different OFF-State Drain Voltages and ON-State Drain Currents in p-GaN Gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Chen Wei-Chia , Lo Hao-Hsuan , Hsin Yue-ming
Published: May 2024

This study investigated threshold voltage (VTH) instability in a Schottky p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) by using the double pulse test (DPT) with a 1 μs pulse width in the ON-state and OFF-state. OFF-state drain biases (VDS,OFF) of 100–400 V and ON-state drain currents of ID,ON 1–16 A were applied in the DPT to observe the post-DPT VTH shift. The ON-state currents did not strongly influence the device’s characteristics after the DPT. However, the OFF-state voltages, particularly VDS,OFF = 100 and 200 V, exerted notable effects. A TCAD simulation was conducted to investigate the mechanism underlying the VTH shift after the DPT at various VDS,OFF and ID,ON levels.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored Using Multifiber Posts Compared with Single Fiber Posts
Authors: Aldegheishem Alhanoof , Barakat Reem , Alrefaei Nour A. L. Huda , Alhussain Ghaida , Alkoblan Kolood , Al-Madi Ebtisam M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and type of failure of two adhesive fiber post systems used to restore endodontically treated teeth. Material and Methods. Twenty‐seven extracted premolars were selected and divided into three groups (n = 9): a control group restored with direct composite core (group 1), teeth restored with single fiberglass posts (group 2), and teeth were restored with multifiber posts (Biolight Plus System) (group 3). Fracture resistance was measured by applying axial compressive loads parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tooth until failure. Data was analyzed with one‐way ANOVA followed by post hoc Turkey tests. Results. The results showed that the mean forces to failure of the control group (0.068 kN) were significantly lower than those restored with either fiberglass post systems (p = 0.013). There was no significant difference between the multifiber and the single fiberglass post system in terms of resistance to fracture (p = 0.097). Although there are more teeth fractured favorably (above the CEJ) in the Biolight Plus group (77.7%) compared to both the control and fiberglass post groups, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.226). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, restoring endodontically treated with a multifiber post system is an adequate alternative to single fiberglass post system in terms of resistance to fracture.
Areas of Endemism and Biogeographic Regionalization of the Iberian Peninsula Based on Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: López-Collar Diego , Escalante Tania
Published: May 2024

Based on the distribution of 275 species of ants native to the Iberian Peninsula (IP), we identified areas of endemism (AE) within its geographical limits and present a biogeographic regionalization using two complementary methods and two types of operational geographical units. For endemicity analysis (EA), we used a 100 km2 grid cell, and for parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE), we used hydrological basins as natural units. The EA revealed twelve areas of endemism that were grouped into five consensus areas. These are the Northeastern area, South plateau, Guadalquivir Valley, Baetic System, and Iberian Peninsula (whole). PAE resulted in a cladogram that classified hydrological basins into at least two successively nested subsets: an Atlantic group that is more related to northern European fauna and an Iberian subset that is well supported by synapomorphies. The Iberian subset was differentiated into four main areas: (a) a Northeastern area formed by the Pyrenees and the Catalan Coastal Range, (b) a mainland area containing the Central System and Guadiana and Tajo valleys, (c) a Southern area consisting of the Guadalquivir Valley and the Baetic System, and (d) a Northern coastal area. The results showed congruence between the two methods since many of the synapomorphies are shared among the diagnostic and IP endemic species of the EA. Both EA and PAE showed the relevance of the heterogeneous peninsular orography that combines mountainous regions with valleys and plateaus, which have acted as historical barriers or corridors. The presence of numerous endemic species, particularly in the southern third of the IP, suggests that several Iberian refuges for ants originated during glacial periods. These areas constitute priority sites for the conservation of ants in particular and biodiversity in general on the IP and allow further research about the processes that generated these distributional patterns.
Testis–Gut‐Reproduction Axis: The Key to Reproductive Health
Authors: Zou Hede , Chen Wenkang , Hu Baofeng , Liu Hanfei , Zhao Jiayou
Published: May 2024

Reproductive health is an important issue for humanity. In the context of the increasing incidence rate of male infertility, it is essential to find the factors that affect male reproductive health. Gastrointestinal health is closely related to reproductive health. Gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) and gut microbiota (GM), as important material foundations for gastrointestinal function, can promote or inhibit testicular reproductive function, including spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, androgen synthesis, and even broader male diseases such as sexual function, prostate cancer, etc. On the contrary, the functional health of the testes is also of great significance for the stability of gastrointestinal function. This review mainly discusses the important regulatory effects of GIH and GM on male reproductive function.
Determination of the Energy Eigenvalues of the Varshni-Hellmann Potential
Authors: Tazimi N.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we solve the bound state problem for the Varshni-Hellmann potential via a useful technique. In our technique, we obtain the bound state solution of the Schrödinger equation for the Varshni-Hellmann potential via ansatz method. We obtain the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions. Also, the behavior of the energy spectra for both the ground and the excited state of the two body systems is illustrated graphically. The similarity of our results to the accurate numerical values is indicative of the efficiency of our technique.