bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Dose Rate Effect in Tetrazolium Gellan Gel Dosimeters
Authors: Penev Kalin I. , Mulligan Matt , Mequanint Kibret
Published: April 2023

Tetrazolium salts provide an appealing candidate for 3D gel dosimeters as they exhibit a low intrinsic color, no signal diffusion and excellent chemical stability. However, a previously developed commercial product (the ClearView 3D Dosimeter) based on a tetrazolium salt dispersed within a gellan gum matrix presented a noticeable dose rate effect. The goal of this study was to find out whether ClearView could be reformulated in order to minimize the dose rate effect by optimizing of the tetrazolium salt and gellan gum concentrations and by the addition a thickening agent, ionic crosslinkers, and radical scavengers. To that goal, a multifactorial design of experiments (DOE) was conducted in small-volume samples (4-mL cuvettes). It showed that the dose rate could be effectively minimized without sacrificing the integrity, chemical stability, or dose sensitivity of the dosimeter. The results from the DOE were used to prepare candidate formulations for larger-scale testing in 1-L samples to allow for fine-tuning the dosimeter formulation and conducting more detailed studies. Finally, an optimized formulation was scaled-up to a clinically relevant volume of 2.7 L and tested against a simulated arc treatment delivery with three spherical targets (diameter 3.0 cm), requiring different doses and dose rates. The results showed excellent geometric and dosimetric registration, with a gamma passing rate (at 10% minimum dose threshold) of 99.3% for dose difference and distance to agreement criteria of 3%/2 mm, compared to 95.7% in the previous formulation. This difference may be of clinical importance, as the new formulation may allow the quality assurance of complex treatment plans, relying on a variety of doses and dose rates; thus, expanding the potential practical application of the dosimeter.
Targeted Modulation of Chicken Genes In Vitro Using CRISPRa and CRISPRi Toolkit
Authors: Chapman Brittany , Han Jeong Hoon , Lee Hong Jo , Ruud Isabella , Kim Tae Hyun
Published: April 2023

Engineering of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has enabled versatile applications of CRISPR beyond targeted DNA cleavage. Combination of nuclease-deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) and transcriptional effector domains allows activation (CRISPRa) or repression (CRISPRi) of target loci. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the CRISPR-mediated transcriptional regulation in chickens, three CRISPRa (VP64, VPR, and p300) and three CRISPRi (dCas9, dCas9-KRAB, and dCas9-KRAB-MeCP2) systems were tested in chicken DF-1 cells. By introducing guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting near the transcription start site (TSS) of each gene in CRISPRa and CRISPRi effector domain-expressing chicken DF-1 cell lines, significant gene upregulation was induced in dCas9-VPR and dCas9-VP64 cells, while significant downregulation was observed with dCas9 and dCas9-KRAB. We further investigated the effect of gRNA positions across TSS and discovered that the location of gRNA is an important factor for targeted gene regulation. RNA sequencing analysis of IRF7 CRISPRa and CRISPRi- DF-1 cells revealed the specificity of CRISPRa and CRISPRi-based targeted transcriptional regulation with minimal off-target effects. These findings suggest that the CRISPRa and CRISPRi toolkits are an effective and adaptable platform for studying the chicken genome by targeted transcriptional modulation.
TPD1-like Gene as a Suitable Marker for Early Sex Determination in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Khanum Plosha , Khan Asif Ali , Khan Iqrar Ahmad , Ghaffar Abdul , Khan Zulqurnain
Published: April 2023

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a considerably beneficial and economically profitable fruit crop. Female date palm plants produce fruit that is rich in fiber and sugar. Date palm is propagated by two means: suckers and seed. The propagation of date palm through seeds is very necessary for germplasm conservation and breeding. The late reproductive age (4–5 years) and dioecious nature of date palm make genetic improvement and breeding difficult. Early sex determination is the only way to improve breeding by selecting experimental male and female plants at the seedling stage. The primers for Tapetum Determinant 1 (TPD1-like) were designed using Amplify software. The DNA amplification of selected date palm suckers of three genotypes (Ajwa, Amber, and Medjool) was observed through PCR. Expression profiling of selected genotypes was carried out through semi-q PCR and RT-PCR by using the cDNA of suckers and unknown seedlings. Different in silico analyses were performed for the gene and protein characterization and identification of cis-acting elements in the promoter region. The promoter was identified along with the protein’s properties and functionality. The expression of TPD1-like gene was found in the leaves of three selected genotypes of male sucker and in some plants of selected unknown seedlings that are considered male plants, and no expression was observed in female suckers and unknown seedlings that are considered female plants. The findings suggested that the TPD1-like gene has the potential for sex differentiation at the seedling stage, as the TPD1-like gene is essential to the specialization of tapetal cells and plays a critical role in plant reproduction.
Highly Efficient A-to-G Editing in PFFs via Multiple ABEs
Authors: Jing Qiqi , Liu Weiwei , Jiang Haoyun , Liao Yaya , Yang Qiang , Xing Yuyun
Published: April 2023

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine base editors (ABEs) are recently developed CRISPR-mediated genome-editing tools that do not introduce double-strand breaks. In this study, five ABEs, ABE7.10, ABEmax, NG-ABEmax, ABE8e and NG-ABE8e, were used to generate A-to-G (T-to-C) conversions in five genome loci in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). Variable yet appreciable editing efficiencies and variable activity windows were observed in these targeting regions via these five editors. The strategy of two sgRNAs in one vector exhibited superior editing efficiency to that of using two separate sgRNA expression vectors. ABE-mediated start-codon mutation in APOE silenced its expression of protein and, unexpectedly, eliminated the vast majority of its mRNA. No off-target DNA site was detected for these editors. Substantial off-target RNA events were present in the ABE-edited cells, but no KEGG pathway was found to be significantly enriched. Our study supports that ABEs are powerful tools for A-to-G (T-to-C) point-mutation modification in porcine cells.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Mytilisepta virgata (Mollusca: Bivalvia), Novel Gene Rearrangements, and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Mytilidae
Authors: Xu Minhui , Gu Zhongqi , Huang Ji , Guo Baoying , Jiang Lihua , Xu Kaida , Ye Yingying , Li Jiji
Published: April 2023

The circular mitochondrial genome of Mytilisepta virgata spans 14,713 bp, which contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. Analysis of the 13 PCGs reveals that the mitochondrial gene arrangement of Mytilisepta is relatively conserved at the genus level. The location of the atp8 gene in Mytilisepta keenae differs from that of other species. However, compared with the putative molluscan ancestral gene order, M. virgata exhibits a high level of rearrangement. We constructed phylogenetic trees based on concatenated 12 PCGs from Mytilidae. As a result, we found that M. virgata is in the same clade as other Mytilisepta spp. The result of estimated divergence times revealed that M. virgata and M. keenae diverged around the early Paleogene period, although the oldest Mytilisepta fossil was from the late or upper Eocene period. Our results provide robust statistical evidence for a sister-group relationship within Mytilida. The findings not only confirm previous results, but also provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of Mytilidae.
microRNA-660 Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity via Decreasing SATB2 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Zhou Lingxuan , Chen Bisong , Li Xu , Zou Qiuyi , Xu Wei , Fang Li , Wu Anbang , Li Zheng , Chen Yuejun
Published: April 2023

Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs’ (miRNAs) abnormal expression is one of the main factors of chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. However, the role of miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) resistance to cisplatin is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed a microarray dataset to investigate miRNAs related to cisplatin resistance in LUAD. The expression of miRNAs in LUAD tissues and cell lines was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Special AT-Rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2 (SATB2) in LUAD cell lines was detected using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 and colony formation assays, while cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm that SATB2 is a target gene of microRNA-660 (miR-660). We showed that the expression of miR-660 was not only decreased in LUAD cells and tissues but also further decreased in the cisplatin-resistant A549 cell line. The overexpression of miR-660 increased cisplatin sensitivity in LUAD cells. In addition, we identified SATB2 as a direct target gene of miR-660. We also revealed that miR-660 increased cisplatin sensitivity in LUAD cells via targeting SATB2. In conclusion, miR-660/SATB2 axis is a key regulator of cisplatin resistance in LUAD.
The Influence of FAM13A and PPAR-γ2 Gene Polymorphisms on the Metabolic State of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Grygiel-Górniak Bogna , Ziółkowska-Suchanek Iwona , Szymkowiak Lidia , Rozwadowska Natalia , Kaczmarek Elżbieta
Published: April 2023

Recently, we have observed two significant pandemics caused by communicable (COVID-19) and non-communicable factors (obesity). Obesity is related to a specific genetic background and characterized by immunogenetic features, such as low-grade systemic inflammation. The specific genetic variants include the presence of polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors gene (PPAR-γ2; Pro12Ala, rs1801282, and C1431T, rs3856806 polymorphisms), β-adrenergic receptor gene (3β-AR; Trp64Arg, rs4994), and Family With Sequence Similarity 13 Member A gene (FAM13A; rs1903003, rs7671167, rs2869967). This study aimed to analyze the genetic background, body fat distribution, and hypertension risk in obese metabolically healthy postmenopausal women (n = 229, including 105 lean and 124 obese subjects). Each patient underwent anthropometric and genetic evaluations. The study has shown that the highest value of BMI was associated with visceral fat distribution. The analysis of particular genotypes has revealed no differences between lean and obese women except for FAM13A rs1903003 (CC), which was more prevalent in lean patients. The co-existence of the PPAR-γ2 C1431C variant with other FAM13A gene polymorphisms [rs1903003(TT) or rs7671167(TT), or rs2869967(CC)] was related to higher BMI values and visceral fat distribution (WHR > 0.85). The co-association of FAM13A rs1903003 (CC) and 3β-AR Trp64Arg was associated with higher values of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We conclude that the co-existence of FAM13A variants with C1413C polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene is responsible for body fat amount and distribution.
Understanding HAT1: A Comprehensive Review of Noncanonical Roles and Connection with Disease
Authors: Ortega Miguel A. , De Leon-Oliva Diego , Garcia-Montero Cielo , Fraile-Martinez Oscar , Boaru Diego Liviu , del Val Toledo Lobo María , García-Tuñón Ignacio , Royuela Mar , García-Honduvilla Natalio , Bujan Julia , Guijarro Luis G. , Alvarez-Mon Melchor , Alvarez-Mon Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2023

Histone acetylation plays a vital role in organizing chromatin, regulating gene expression and controlling the cell cycle. The first histone acetyltransferase to be identified was histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1), but it remains one of the least understood acetyltransferases. HAT1 catalyzes the acetylation of newly synthesized H4 and, to a lesser extent, H2A in the cytoplasm. However, 20 min after assembly, histones lose acetylation marks. Moreover, new noncanonical functions have been described for HAT1, revealing its complexity and complicating the understanding of its functions. Recently discovered roles include facilitating the translocation of the H3H4 dimer into the nucleus, increasing the stability of the DNA replication fork, replication-coupled chromatin assembly, coordination of histone production, DNA damage repair, telomeric silencing, epigenetic regulation of nuclear lamina-associated heterochromatin, regulation of the NF-κB response, succinyl transferase activity and mitochondrial protein acetylation. In addition, the functions and expression levels of HAT1 have been linked to many diseases, such as many types of cancer, viral infections (hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus and viperin synthesis) and inflammatory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke). The collective data reveal that HAT1 is a promising therapeutic target, and novel therapeutic approaches, such as RNA interference and the use of aptamers, bisubstrate inhibitors and small-molecule inhibitors, are being evaluated at the preclinical level.
Ultrasound Findings of Monosodium Urate Aggregates in Patients with Gout
Authors: Liu Eric , Dalbeth Nicola , Pool Bregina , Ramirez Cazares Andrea , Ranganath Veena K. , FitzGerald John D.
Published: April 2023

Aggregates are one of the elementary lesions seen on musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) in gout patients as defined by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the threshold of detection of aggregate findings on ultrasound and to analyze these findings with corresponding compensated light microscope (CPLM) images in vitro. Patient derived monosodium urate (MSU) crystals were obtained from two separate patients with gout during routine clinical care. In addition, fabricated in-house synthetic MSU crystals were used for comparison. Each sample was scanned using a GE Logic ultrasound machine and corresponding CPLM images obtained. As the aggregates became imperceptible by ultrasound, MSU clumping by CPLM examination was no longer detectable and crystal density per high power field fell markedly. Aggregates on US images are present only from patient-derived samples likely representing MSU crystal clustering or packing. Thus, when synovial aspiration is considered, a joint with aggregates on US would be a more suitable target with a higher likelihood of noting MSU crystals.
Health Care Use among Medicare Beneficiaries with HIV and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic—United States, 2020
Authors: Chang Man-Huei , Moonesinghe Ramal , Truman Benedict I
Published: April 2023

Access and use of health care services are essential to health and well-being for people with HIV and HIV-related comorbidities. Health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic among Medicare beneficiaries (MBs) with concurrent HIV and depression has not been investigated. We used 2020 Medicare data to assess the percentage of MBs with claims for HIV and depression who also received hospitalization, outpatient diagnostic services, drug treatment, and outpatient procedures. We assessed person-level association between service receipt and HIV and depression, adjusting for known risk factors. MBs with claims for HIV and depression were more likely than those with neither claim to have claims for short-stay hospitalization, long-stay hospitalization, outpatient diagnostic services, prescription drugs, or outpatient procedures, supplies, and products. Non-White beneficiaries were more likely than White beneficiaries to be hospitalized but were less likely to receive drug treatment, outpatient diagnostic services, or outpatient procedures, supplies, and products during the pandemic. Significant disparities in health care use by race/ethnicity existed among MBs. Policymakers and practitioners can use these findings to implement public health policies and programs that reduce disparities in health care access and optimize use among vulnerable populations during a public health emergency.
Validation of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II in Spanish University Students
Authors: Tarilonte-Castaño Isabel , Díaz-Milanés Diego , Andrés-Villas Montserrat , Morales-Domínguez Zaira , Pérez-Moreno Pedro Juan
Published: April 2023

Background: This study aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II) to provide evidence of validity for its use in research on health promotion and the quality of life of young Spanish university students. Method: A sample of 807 participants (75.09% female) aged 18–26 years (M = 20.68; SD = 2.13) completed the CEI-II and health and quality of life measures questionnaire. Results: A unidimensional structure was confirmed, but the original two-dimensional structure also showed an adequate fit. The measures obtained from the CEI-II were gender- and age-invariant, which exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full scale and subscales, and showed a statistically significant relationship with life satisfaction, sense of coherence, and psychological distress. Conclusions: The CEI-II can be used as unidimensional, which is recommended, but also as a two-dimensional measure. Both structures provide reliable, valid, and invariant measures across gender and age of exploratory behaviours in Spanish university students. Furthermore, the results confirm the association between exploratory behaviours and greater health management.
Cross-Sectional Investigation of the Awareness and Practices of Food Safety among Food Service Catering Staff in Riyadh City Hospitals during the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Alsultan Shaima Baker , Allowaymi Shiekhah S. , Alshammari Ghedeir M. , Alrasheed Ali , Hassan Amro B. , Alzobaa Abdulmohsen Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Ahlam Bader , Yahya Mohammed Abdo
Published: April 2023

This study examines food safety awareness and practices among handlers in the food service sector at Riyadh City hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three hundred and fifteen (315) food service workers completed the entire questionnaire from five hospitals in Riyadh City between December 2020 and February 2021. The contributor’s respondents’ three-part questionnaire was divided according to general characteristics, food safety awareness, and food safety practices. The findings show that food handlers demonstrated good knowledge, techniques, and attitudes regarding maintaining food quality and ensuring food safety. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between food safety awareness and food safety practices was observed. Nevertheless, the correlation between the food handler’s knowledge and safe food handling was negative. In general, our findings revealed the significance of education and the regular training of food service staff to improve learning and ensure better and safer food-handling practices, which could contribute to applying food safety practices in hospitals.
Growing Degree Day Targets for Fruit Development of Australian Mango Cultivars
Authors: Amaral Marcelo H. , McConchie Cameron , Dickinson Geoffrey , Walsh Kerry B.
Published: April 2023

A forward estimate of mango (Mangifera indica L.) harvest timing is required for farm management (e.g., for organization of harvest labour and marketing). This forward estimate can be based on accumulated growing degree days (GDD) from an early stage of flowering to fruit harvest maturity, with fruit maturity judged on a destructive assessment of flesh colour and dry matter content. The current study was undertaken to improve GDD targets for Australian mango cultivars, to improve estimation of harvest maturity, and to document a methodology recommended for future work characterizing fruit maturation GDD for other mango cultivars. An alternate algorithm on GDD calculation involving use of a function that penalizes high temperatures as well as low temperatures was demonstrated to better predict harvest maturity in warmer climates. Across multiple locations and seasons, the required heat units (GDD, Tb = 12 °C, TB = 32 °C; where TB is upper base temperature of 32 °C and Tb is lower base temperature of 12 °C) to achieve maturity from asparagus stage of flowering was documented as 2185, 1728, and 1740 for the cultivars Keitt, Calypso and Honey Gold, respectively. GDD difference between the asparagus and two-thirds floral opening stages of flowering was 188 ± 18 for Calypso, 184 ± 12 for Honey Gold, 238 ± 21 for Keitt and 175 ± 10 for KP. Colour specifications for a colour card set suitable for maturity assessment of all cultivars was also proposed. A flesh colour harvest maturity card specification of 9 was proposed for the cultivar Honey Gold and 13 for the cultivar Keitt.
Testing the Greenhouse Emission Model (GEM) for Pesticides Applied via Drip Irrigation to Stone Wool Mats Growing Sweet Pepper in a Recirculation System
Authors: Wipfler E. Louise , Boesten Jos J. T. I. , van Os Erik A. , Beltman Wim H. J.
Published: April 2023

Pesticide emissions to surface water from greenhouses with crops grown on substrates in open or closed systems may be significant. It is important, therefore, to test models such as the Greenhouse Emission Model (GEM), which was developed to assess these emissions as part of the Dutch authorization procedure for use of plant protection products in greenhouses. GEM was tested using an experiment in which imidacloprid and pymetrozine were applied via drip irrigation to stone wool mats growing sweet pepper. The irrigation system in such greenhouses consists of a mixing tank to prepare the nutrient solution and a series of tanks to treat and recirculate the drain water back to the mixing tank. Emissions may occur because (part of) this recirculation water may be discharged or leached to the surface water. GEM assumes that all tanks are perfectly mixed. GEM further assumes that the water in these mats is perfectly mixed and that the pesticide behavior can be simulated by assuming one perfectly mixed reservoir. The model predicted breakthrough of both pesticides out of the mats earlier than measured, and the measured maximum concentrations were approximately two times lower than predicted. We considered a series of possible causes, including a smaller water volume in the mats, a higher plant uptake factor, and sorption to the stone wool. The model performance improved by representing the mats as a sequence of two equally large tanks with plant uptake restricted to the first tank. We recommend to study the solute transport process and the distribution of plant roots in the mats in more detail to further underpin the hypothesis used and improve the model. After this first validation, the GEM model might also be used in other countries to forecast emissions of PPPs to surface water.
Spatial Variability of Best Management Practices Effectiveness on Water Quality within the Yazoo River Watershed
Authors: Venishetty Vivek , Parajuli Prem B. , Nepal Dipesh
Published: April 2023

Best management practices (BMPs) are management operations that reduce pollution and improve water quality. This study assessed the spatial variability of BMPs effectiveness within the Yazoo River Watershed (YRW) using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Two field-scale watersheds, Merigold Watershed (MW) from the Delta and Skuna River Watershed (SRW) in the Bluff Hills, were selected within the YRW. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for monthly streamflow, and daily total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). Monthly evaluated streamflow Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency indices were in the range from 0.60 to 0.86; daily evaluated TSS indices were in the range from 0.11 to 0.15, TN from 0.11 to 0.12, and TP from 0.05 to 0.26 during model calibration and validation periods. BMPs were implemented in MW and SRW to analyze the spatial variability effect on water quality. Cover crops (CC), vegetative filter strips (VFS), and a combination of VFS and CC were applied as BMP scenarios. Overall, a larger reduction in streamflow was about 15%, sediment about 26%, and nutrient loads, which was about 39% (TN) and 50% (TP), was determined in the MW, whereas in the large watershed (YRW) the reductions in streamflow, sediment, TN, and TP loads were about 4%, 5%, 30%, and 24%, respectively. Therefore, the novelty of this research is to compare the efficiency of a BMP in pollutant reduction at two different geographic scales. The results from this study could help farmers, scientific researchers, precision management planning, and implementing agencies select appropriate BMP for field-scale water resources management in minimizing sediment and nutrient quantities in surface water.
Temporal Variations in Temperature and Moisture Soil Profiles in a Mediterranean Maquis Forest in Greece
Authors: Bourletsikas Athanassios , Proutsos Nikolaos , Michopoulos Panagiotis , Argyrokastritis Ioannis
Published: April 2023

Soil moisture (SM) and temperature (ST) are critical factors in forest eco-hydrological research. In this study, we investigated the inter- and intra-annual changes in SM and ST profiles in a mixed Mediterranean maquis forest stand together with soil and meteorological parameters. Hourly data from three field measurements points at four depths (−5, −20, −40 and −70 cm) for 6 years were interpolated using the kriging method to produce annual SM and ST profiles. The results indicate that air temperature highly affects the upper 5 cm of the mineral soil. In general, it increases with depth in winter at an average rate of 0.036 °C/cm and decreases in summer (0.035 °C/cm), presenting higher values compared to air temperature from April to August and lower ones during the rest of the period. Precipitation is the main factor driving SM variations up to a superficial soil depth of 40 cm. The upper soil layer (0–40 cm) infiltrates water faster and presents high SM variability, especially in monthly and seasonal (year to year) time steps. The maquis forest stands are likely to be strongly affected by climate change, therefore the results of this study could be useful in hydrological and climate change studies focused on maquis vegetation water management.
Optimizing Blood Glucose Control through the Timing of Exercise in Pregnant Individuals Diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Brislane Áine , Reid Ly-Anh , Bains Gyan , Greenwall Kelly , Khurana Rshmi , Davenport Margie H.
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of moderate intensity walking on postprandial blood glucose control for pregnant individuals with (GDM) and without gestational diabetes mellitus (NON-GDM). Using a randomized cross-over design, individuals completed 5 days of exercise (three 10-min walks immediately after eating (SHORT), or one 30-min walk (LONG) outside of 1 h after eating). These protocols were preceded and separated by 2-days of habitual exercise (NORMAL). Individuals were instrumented with a continuous glucose monitor, a physical activity monitor for 14-days, and a heart rate monitor during exercise. Participants completed a physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) to indicate their protocol preference. The GDM group had higher fasting, 24-h mean, and daily peak glucose values compared to NON-GDMs across all conditions (effect of group, p = 0.02; p = 0.02; p = 0.03, respectively). Fasting, 24-h mean, and daily peak glucose were not influenced by the SHORT or LONG exercise (effect of intervention, p > 0.05). Blood glucose values were higher among the GDM group for at least 1 h after eating, yet the exercise intervention had no effect on 1 or 2 h postprandial glucose values (effect of intervention, p > 0.05). Physical activity outcomes (wear time, total activity time, and time spent on each intensity) were not different between the groups nor interventions (effect of group, p > 0.05; effect of intervention, p > 0.05,). There were no differences between the groups or interventions for the PACES score (effect of group, p > 0.05; effect of intervention, p > 0.05). To conclude, there were no differences between the groups or exercise protocols on blood glucose control. More research is warranted to elucidate higher exercise volumes in this outcome for individuals with GDM.
Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the Dominican Republic and Emergence of a Local Lineage
Authors: Paulino-Ramírez Robert , López Pablo , Mueses Sayira , Cuevas Paula , Jabier Maridania , Rivera-Amill Vanessa
Published: April 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an RNA virus that evolves over time, leading to new variants. In the current study, we assessed the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the Dominican Republic. A total of 1149 SARS-CoV-2 complete genome nucleotide sequences from samples collected between March 2020 and mid-February 2022 in the Dominican Republic were obtained from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution rates were analyzed using the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. The genotyping details (lineages) were obtained using the Pangolin web application. In addition, the web tools Coronapp, and Genome Detective Viral Tools, among others, were used to monitor epidemiological characteristics. Our results show that the most frequent non-synonymous mutation over the study period was D614G. Of the 1149 samples, 870 (75.74%) were classified into 8 relevant variants according to Pangolin/Scorpio. The first Variants Being Monitored (VBM) were detected in December 2020. Meanwhile, in 2021, the variants of concern Delta and Omicron were identified. The mean mutation rate was estimated to be 1.5523 × 10−3 (95% HPD: 1.2358 × 10−3, 1.8635 × 10−3) nucleotide substitutions per site. We also report the emergence of an autochthonous SARS-CoV-2 lineage, B.1.575.2, that circulated from October 2021 to January 2022, in co-circulation with the variants of concern Delta and Omicron. The impact of B.1.575.2 in the Dominican Republic was minimal, but it then expanded rapidly in Spain. A better understanding of viral evolution and genomic surveillance data will help to inform strategies to mitigate the impact on public health.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Survivors of COVID-19-Related ARDS
Authors: Miori Sara , Sanna Andrea , Lassola Sergio , Cicolini Erica , Zanella Roberto , Magnoni Sandra , De Rosa Silvia , Bellani Giacomo , Umbrello Michele
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in survivors of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome that needed ICU care; to investigate risk factors and their impact on the Health-Related Quality of life (HR-QoL). Materials and Methods: This multicenter, prospective, observational study included all patients who were discharged from the ICU. Patients were administered the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level Version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire, the Short-Form Health Survey 36Version 2 (SF-36v2), a socioeconomic question set and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R) to assess PTSD. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model found that an International Standard Classification of Education Score (ISCED) higher than 2 (OR 3.42 (95% CI 1.28–9.85)), monthly income less than EUR 1500 (OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.13–0.97)), and more than two comorbidities (OR 4.62 (95% CI 1.33–16.88)) are risk factors for developing PTSD symptoms. Patients with PTSD symptoms are more likely to present a worsening in their quality of life as assessed by EQ-5D-5L and SF-36 scales. Conclusion: The main factors associated with the development of PTSD-related symptoms were a higher education level, a lower monthly income, and more than two comorbidities. Patients who developed symptoms of PTSD reported a significantly lower Health-Related Quality of life as compared to patients without PTSD. Future research areas should be oriented toward recognizing potential psychosocial and psychopathological variables capable of influencing the quality of life of patients discharged from the intensive care unit to better recognize the prognosis and longtime effects of diseases.
Center of Pressure Deviation during Posture Transition in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Kikumoto Takanori , Suzuki Shunsuke , Takabayashi Tomoya , Kubo Masayoshi
Published: April 2023

Center of pressure (COP) tracking during posture transition is an ideal scale for determining the recurrence of an ankle injury, thereby preventing chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, the same is difficult to determine because the reduced ability of certain patients (who experienced sprain) to control posture at the ankle joint is masked by the chain of hip and ankle joint motion. Thus, we observed the effects of knee joint immobilization/non-immobilization on postural control strategies during the posture transition task and attempted to evaluate the detailed pathophysiology of CAI. Ten athletes with unilateral CAI were selected. To examine differences in COP trajectories in the CAI side and non-CAI legs, patients stood on both legs for 10 s and one leg for 20 s with/without knee braces. COP acceleration during the transition was significantly higher in the CAI group with a knee brace. The COP transition from the double- to single-leg stance phase was significantly longer in the CAI foot. In the CAI group, the fixation of the knee joint increased COP acceleration during postural deviation. This suggests that there is likely an ankle joint dysfunction in the CAI group that is masked by the hip strategy.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Bicycle Injury
Authors: Failing Gates R. L. , Klamer Brett G. , Gorham Tyler J. , Groner Jonathan I.
Published: April 2023

Bicycling is a common childhood activity that is associated with significant injury risk. This study’s aim was to assess pediatric bicycle injury epidemiology and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of patients age < 18 years presenting with bicycle injury to a pediatric trauma center. A pre-pandemic period (1 March 2015–29 February 2020) was compared to the pandemic period (1 March 2020–28 February 2021). A total of 611 injury events for children < 18 years were included (471 pre-pandemic events and 140 pandemic events). The relative frequency of pandemic injuries was greater than pre-pandemic injuries (p < 0.001), resulting in a 48% increase in pandemic period injuries versus the pre-pandemic average (141 pandemic vs. 94.4/year pre-pandemic). Individuals of female sex represented a larger proportion of injuries in the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period (37% pandemic vs. 28% pre-pandemic, p = 0.035). Injuries were more common on weekends versus weekdays (p = 0.01). Time series analysis showed a summer seasonality trend. Localizing injury events to ZIP codes showed regional injury density patterns. During COVID-19, there was an increase in bicycle injury frequency and proportional shift toward more injuries involving individuals of female sex. Otherwise, injury patterns were largely unchanged. These results demonstrate the necessity of safety interventions tailored to community needs.
Physical Activity, Public Policy, Health Promotion, Sociability and Leisure: A Study on Gymnastics Groups in a Brazilian City Hall
Authors: Giolo-Melo Caroline , Pacheco Reinaldo Tadeu Boscolo
Published: April 2023

Background: The present study analyzed a gymnastics program offered by the Department of Sports and Leisure at a Brazilian city hall, representing an example of an effective and consolidated public policy. Main objective: The objective of this study was to understand the reasons for enrollment/joining (adhesion) and permanence (adherence) among female students in gymnastics groups in order to understand why this public policy has been taking place uninterruptedly for over thirty years and to characterize the quality of life of female gymnastics students. Methods: This is a case study that used mixed methods. As a quantitative method, the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-bref) questionnaire was used. As a qualitative method, the focus group technique was used. Thus, 239 women aged between thirty-five and seventy-four years old, who were students of the gymnastics program, participated in this research by answering the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire. Two classes were selected using the socioeconomic criterion of social classes in inverse situations to carry out one focus group session; then, twenty students belonging to the two classes were randomly selected. Results: It was verified that the public policy studied has led to an improvement in the quality of life of the students, with the benefits extending beyond physical health, and that in both groups adhesion occurred mainly due to the indication of students who already practiced, or due to medical indications. It was also found that, in both groups, the main reason for long-term adherence was the understanding of the gymnastics class as a space for sociability and a moment of leisure. Conclusion: Physical activity is an important health promotion strategy. In addition to its biological benefits, which are necessary for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, it also improves health and quality of life through social and psychological benefits, characterizing it as an effective health care strategy from a biopsychosocial perspective.
Scoliosis Management through Apps and Software Tools
Authors: Bottino Lorella , Settino Marzia , Promenzio Luigi , Cannataro Mario
Published: April 2023

Background: Scoliosis is curvature of the spine, often found in adolescents, which can impact on quality of life. Generally, scoliosis is diagnosed by measuring the Cobb angle, which represents the gold standard for scoliosis grade quantification. Commonly, scoliosis evaluation is conducted in person by medical professionals using traditional methods (i.e., involving a scoliometer and/or X-ray radiographs). In recent years, as has happened in various medicine disciplines, it is possible also in orthopedics to observe the spread of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) solutions (i.e., software-based approaches). As an example, smartphone applications (apps) and web-based applications may help the doctors in screening and monitoring scoliosis, thereby reducing the number of in-person visits. Objectives: This paper aims to provide an overview of the main features of the most popular scoliosis ICT tools, i.e., apps and web-based applications for scoliosis diagnosis, screening, and monitoring. Several apps are assessed and compared with the aim of providing a valid starting point for doctors and patients in their choice of software-based tools. Benefits for the patients may be: reducing the number of visits to the doctor, self-monitoring of scoliosis. Benefits for the doctors may be: monitoring the scoliosis progression over time, managing several patients in a remote way, mining the data of several patients for evaluating different therapeutic or exercise prescriptions. Materials and Methods: We first propose a methodology for the evaluation of scoliosis apps in which five macro-categories are considered: (i) technological aspects (e.g., available sensors, how angles are measured); (ii) the type of measurements (e.g., Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation, axial vertebral rotation); (iii) availability (e.g., app store and eventual fee to pay); (iv) the functions offered to the user (e.g., posture monitoring, exercise prescription); (v) overall evaluation (e.g., pros and cons, usability). Then, six apps and one web-based application are described and evaluated using this methodology. Results: The results for assessment of scoliosis apps are shown in a tabular format for ease of understanding and intuitive comparison, which can help the doctors, specialists, and families in their choice of scoliosis apps. Conclusions: The use of ICT solutions for spinal curvature assessment and monitoring brings several advantages to both patients and orthopedics specialists. Six scoliosis apps and one web-based application are evaluated, and a guideline for their selection is provided.
LcWRKY17, a WRKY Transcription Factor from Litsea cubeba, Effectively Promotes Monoterpene Synthesis
Authors: Gao Jing , Chen Yicun , Gao Ming , Wu Liwen , Zhao Yunxiao , Wang Yangdong
Published: April 2023

The WRKY gene family is one of the most significant transcription factor (TF) families in higher plants and participates in many secondary metabolic processes in plants. Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Person is an important woody oil plant that is high in terpenoids. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate the WRKY TFs that regulate the synthesis of terpene in L. cubeba. This paper provides a comprehensive genomic analysis of the LcWRKYs. In the L. cubeba genome, 64 LcWRKY genes were discovered. According to a comparative phylogenetic study with Arabidopsis thaliana, these L. cubeba WRKYs were divided into three groups. Some LcWRKY genes may have arisen from gene duplication, but the majority of LcWRKY evolution has been driven by segmental duplication events. Based on transcriptome data, a consistent expression pattern of LcWRKY17 and terpene synthase LcTPS42 was found at different stages of L. cubeba fruit development. Furthermore, the function of LcWRKY17 was verified by subcellular localization and transient overexpression, and overexpression of LcWRKY17 promotes monoterpene synthesis. Meanwhile, dual-Luciferase and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) experiments showed that the LcWRKY17 transcription factor binds to W-box motifs of LcTPS42 and enhances its transcription. In conclusion, this research provided a fundamental framework for future functional analysis of the WRKY gene families, as well as breeding improvement and the regulation of secondary metabolism in L. cubeba.
Overcoming Biological Barriers: Importance of Membrane Transporters in Homeostasis, Disease and Disease Treatment
Authors: Ciarimboli Giuliano
Published: April 2023

This editorial summarizes the 22 scientific papers published in the Special Issue “Overcoming Biological Barriers: Importance of Membrane Transporters in Homeostasis, Disease, and Disease Treatment” of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences [...]
Advances in Molecular Research of Oncogenes
Authors: Baltanas Fernando C. , Santos Eugenio
Published: April 2023

The isolation of the first human oncogene (HRAS), a critical breakthrough in cancer research, has occurred over forty years ago, and the identification of new pathogenic oncogenes has continuously grown since [...]
Bacillus paralicheniformis RP01 Enhances the Expression of Growth-Related Genes in Cotton and Promotes Plant Growth by Altering Microbiota inside and outside the Root
Authors: Xu Jinzhi , Qin Lijun , Xu Xinyi , Shen Hong , Yang Xingyong
Published: April 2023

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can promote plant growth in various ways, allowing PGPB to replace chemical fertilizers to avoid environmental pollution. PGPB is also used for bioremediation and in plant pathogen control. The isolation and evaluation of PGPB are essential not only for practical applications, but also for basic research. Currently, the known PGPB strains are limited, and their functions are not fully understood. Therefore, the growth-promoting mechanism needs to be further explored and improved. The Bacillus paralicheniformis RP01 strain with beneficial growth-promoting activity was screened from the root surface of Brassica chinensis using a phosphate-solubilizing medium. RP01 inoculation significantly increased plant root length and brassinosteroid content and upregulated the expression of growth-related genes. Simultaneously, it increased the number of beneficial bacteria that promoted plant growth and reduced the number of detrimental bacteria. The genome annotation findings also revealed that RP01 possesses a variety of growth-promoting mechanisms and a tremendous growth-promoting potential. This study isolated a highly potential PGPB and elucidated its possible direct and indirect growth-promoting mechanisms. Our study results will help enrich the PGPB library and provide a reference for plant–microbe interactions.
Function Investigations and Applications of Membrane Proteins on Artificial Lipid Membranes
Authors: Tosaka Toshiyuki , Kamiya Koki
Published: April 2023

Membrane proteins play an important role in key cellular functions, such as signal transduction, apoptosis, and metabolism. Therefore, structural and functional studies of these proteins are essential in fields such as fundamental biology, medical science, pharmacology, biotechnology, and bioengineering. However, observing the precise elemental reactions and structures of membrane proteins is difficult, despite their functioning through interactions with various biomolecules in living cells. To investigate these properties, methodologies have been developed to study the functions of membrane proteins that have been purified from biological cells. In this paper, we introduce various methods for creating liposomes or lipid vesicles, from conventional to recent approaches, as well as techniques for reconstituting membrane proteins into artificial membranes. We also cover the different types of artificial membranes that can be used to observe the functions of reconstituted membrane proteins, including their structure, number of transmembrane domains, and functional type. Finally, we discuss the reconstitution of membrane proteins using a cell-free synthesis system and the reconstitution and function of multiple membrane proteins.
Proteomic Analysis of Arsenic Resistance during Cyanide Assimilation by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344
Authors: Biełło Karolina A. , Cabello Purificación , Rodríguez-Caballero Gema , Sáez Lara P. , Luque-Almagro Víctor M. , Roldán María Dolores , Olaya-Abril Alfonso , Moreno-Vivián Conrado
Published: April 2023

Wastewater from mining and other industries usually contains arsenic and cyanide, two highly toxic pollutants, thereby creating the need to develop bioremediation strategies. Here, molecular mechanisms triggered by the simultaneous presence of cyanide and arsenite were analyzed by quantitative proteomics, complemented with qRT-PCR analysis and determination of analytes in the cyanide-assimilating bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344. Several proteins encoded by two ars gene clusters and other Ars-related proteins were up-regulated by arsenite, even during cyanide assimilation. Although some proteins encoded by the cio gene cluster responsible for cyanide-insensitive respiration decreased in the presence of arsenite, the nitrilase NitC required for cyanide assimilation was unaffected, thus allowing bacterial growth with cyanide and arsenic. Two complementary As-resistance mechanisms were developed in this bacterium, the extrusion of As(III) and its extracellular sequestration in biofilm, whose synthesis increased in the presence of arsenite, and the formation of organoarsenicals such as arseno-phosphoglycerate and methyl-As. Tetrahydrofolate metabolism was also stimulated by arsenite. In addition, the ArsH2 protein increased in the presence of arsenite or cyanide, suggesting its role in the protection from oxidative stress caused by both toxics. These results could be useful for the development of bioremediation strategies for industrial wastes co-contaminated with cyanide and arsenic.