bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Among Patients Attending Out Patient Department of Dermatology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Ali CM , Sikdar TK , Sultana N , Ahmed N , Haque AKMR , Kamal SMB , Parvez MZ , Haque ME
Published: October 2010

The study was conducted among 568 patients of STDs out of 58560 male and female patients in the OPD of Dermatology Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) during the period of March 2009 to February 2010 irrespective of sex and age >15 years with a view to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases. In this study prevalence of STDs such as gonorrhea, syphilis, non gonococcal urethritis, chancroid, genital herpes and genital warts were 29.58%, 12.68%, 41.58%,4.93%,8.45% and 2.82% respectively; male and female ratio were 3.73:1. The highest prevalence rate was found in age group of 25-34 years (42.25%). According to educational status of the respondents, 33.80% were up to secondary level and only 2.82% were master degree holder. Among occupation 36.62% were in service, and 15.49% were students. According to socioeconomic status 40.14% were poor and only 9.86% were from upper middle class. Key words: Sexually transmitted diseases; prevalence. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6243 J Dhaka Med. Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 7-10.
Unmet Need of Family Planning Among Rural Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdousi SK , Jabbar MA , Hoque SR , Karim SR , Mahmood AR , Ara R , Khan NR
Published: October 2010

Objective: This study aims to find out the unmet need of family planning among the rural women. To explore the obstacles to use family planning methods and to estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use. Study design: Cross-sectional type of descriptive study. Settings: The study was conducted at Sreepur upazila under Gazipur district. Subjects: All the married women of reproductive age, residing in a selected village of Sreepur upazila, were selected as the study subject. Results: The study revealed that unmet need was (22.4%). Most of the respondents (72.1%) were using contraceptive methods. Among those who used contraceptives, OCP was the most commonly used method (61.7%). About 28% were not using any method. The main reason was fear of side effects (46.1%). Conclusion: The study concluded that a nationwide contraceptive prevalence study may be carried out to explore the problem in detail. Key words: Unmet need; family planning; contraceptive prevalence rate. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6244 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 11-15.
Study on Screening Tests among the Blood Donors in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury FS , Begum HA , Adnan SD , Hoque MM , Hossain MZ , Siddiqui MAE
Published: October 2010

Context: Most deaths caused by transfusion worldwide is due to transmission of infectious agents like Virus, Bacteria and Protozoa. The risk of disease transmission increases many fold if blood donor selection is inappropriate (such as blood from professional donor) and testing of all blood for transfusion is inadequate. Methods: The study was carried out in transfusion Medicine department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January to December 2009 to see the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, Treponema pallidum and Malarial parasite among the donor. Results: The study was carried out on 21448 donors, among whom 4464 (20.81%) were voluntary and 16984 (79.19%) were relative donors. Among 21448 donors, 21081 (98.29%) were selected and 367 (1.71%) were rejected. Out of 21081 selected donors 4406 (20.9%) were voluntary donor and 16675 (79.1%) were relative donor. Out of 367 rejected 58 (15.8%) were voluntary and 309 (84.2%) were relative donor. On analyzing the 367 rejected cases, HBsAg positive 297 (80.93%), Anti HCV positive 38 (10.35%), Malarial Parasite positive 23 (6.27%), Treponema pallidum positive 9 (2.45%) and none found positive for HIV. Key words: Blood donor; Voluntary donor; Relative donor; Screening. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6245 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 16-18.
Sural Island Flap  A Good Option for Coverage of the Exposed Heel (Tendo-Achillis)
Authors: Alam MK , Shaheen MS , Hossain S , Anam S , Rahman S
Published: October 2010

A prospective observational study was carried out in DMCH and some other private clinics in Dhaka from January 2008 to March 2010. A total of 15 patients with exposed Tendo-Achillis with or without tendon injury were taken in this study . M:F= 13:2. Age range was 18- 45 years. In 13 cases Tendo-achillis (TA) were cut and repaired in emergency department of DMCH and other Hospitals followed by loss of skin over the TA. In 2 cases skin over the TA were lost due to direct trauma. Mode of injury was cut injury in toilet pan 9(59.99%), RTA 4(26.66 %) and direct cut injury without tendon injury 2 (13.33%).All the patients were treated with surgical toileting after admission and wound were covered by distally based sural island flap .Average follow up period was 36 weeks. Flap coverage were done within 5 days to 25 days from the day of injury. Outcome was evaluated by flap vascularity and skin colour .Majority of the patients were returned to normal activity after 20 weeks of operation. The purpose of the study was to find out the way of coverage of the exposed TA(Tendo-Achillis) by orthopaedic surgeons without any special training. Key words: Sural Island Flap; Repair of Tendo-Achillis. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6246 J Dhaka Med. Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 19-24.
Outcome of Conservative Management in Biliary Ascariasis - A Study of 98 Cases
Authors: Khan AS , Bhowmik B , Hakim HAN , Islam MA
Published: October 2010

Objectives: History of ascariasis is very old. One quarter of the world's population is known to be infected by ascariasis. It is endemic in various parts of Bangladesh. We aimed to study the various types of clinical presentations, complications and different diagnostic tools and to assess various options for the management of biliary ascariasis. Materials and Methods: Ninty eight cases of hepatobiliary ascariasis were studied over a period of 2 years (April 03 - April 05). All the patients were aged between 12 and 73 years and all were admitted with acute right upper abdominal pain. Ultrasound was the diagnostic tool of choice with 100% results. Results: In this study, biliary ascariasis was found to be more common in females 64.29% (64 patients). The most common presentation was upper abdominal pain in 100% of the patients (98 patients). Complications observed were obstructive jaundice in 08.16% (8 patients), cholangitis in 74.49% (73 patients). History of worm emesis was present in 21.42% (21 patients). Conservative management was successful in 96.94% (95 patients). During follow-up, worm reinvasion of the biliary system occurred in 7.1% (three patients). Conclusion: In endemic countries, biliary ascariasis should be suspected in patients with biliary disease. Most of the patients respond to conservative management. Keywords: Acute upper abdominal pain; biliary ascariasis; Ultrasonography DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6247 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 25-28.
Oesophageal Carcinoma : Trends and risk factors in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Shil BC , Islam MA , Nath NC , Ahmed F
Published: October 2010

On a worldwide basis, cancer of esophagus is the sixth most common malignancy. In developing countries it ranks third in frequency and has one of the worst prognoses of any neoplasm of the human body. It is essential to detect the malignancy early and to determine the extent of the disease to ensure the best option for a cure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and pattern of Oesophageal carcinoma with respect to age and sex groups and to determine the trends of histology, site distribution and risk factors of Oesophageal carcinoma. A prospective study was carried out in 102 patents with Oesophageal carcinoma between May 2007 and April 2010 in Laxmipur, Feni & Kushtia district. The data were recorded in prestructured proforma and analyzed later on. The site of tumor was classified as upper, mid & lower esophagus. A high frequency of cancer was seen in males with a total of 79 (77.5%) cases as compared to 23 (22.5%) females with male to female ratio of 3.43:1. Maximum number of the patients of Oesophageal carcinoma was seen in 5th and 6th decades of life. Dysphagia was the main presenting complain in 94.11 % of patients. Tobacco & betel nut chewing are strong risk factors for Oesophageal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy seen in (97) 95.1% of patients. The remaining (5) 4.9% had Adenocarcinoma. Most of the Oesophageal carcinoma 49 (48.04%) were located in the lower third of esophagus followed by middle third 41 (40.19%). Key words: Oesophageal carcinoma; Risk factors; Trends of disease. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6248 J Dhaka Med. Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 29-32.
Profile of Paediatric Malignancies: A Five Year Study
Authors: Jabeen S , Haque M , Islam MJ , Talukder MH
Published: October 2010

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the profile of childhood cancers in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, (NICRH), Dhaka during 2005 to 2009. Methodology: It was a retrospective study using hospital based cancer registry records from January 2005 to December 2009. All the children below 15 years with confirmed diagnosis of cancer by means of histological or cytological examinations were included in this study. Results: There were 28409 new confirmed cases attended out patient department of NICRH during these 5 years. Among which 1250 were below 15 years of age. An average 250 cases attended per year. Overall pediatric tumours were 4.4% of total cancers. The frequency of cancer was found to be higher among boys (62%) than girls (38%) with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of the children were from rural areas (67%) compared to (33%) from urban areas. The results showed that Lymphoma (24.2%), Retinoblastoma (17.4%) and Leukaemia (14.3%) were the commonly found childhood cancers among the children attended at NICRH during data collection period. Other less commonly found tumor were bone tumour (7.2%), kidney tumor (6.8%) Central Nervous System Tumour (3.7%),Testicular Tumour (3.7%), and Hepatocellular cancer (1.3%). Conclusion: Lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and bone tumor commonly found in children above 5 years in contradiction to retinoblastoma, leukaemia and lymphoma which were prevalent in children less than 5 years of age. Key Words: Cancer registry; paediatric malignancies; cancer profile. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6249 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 33-38.
Electrophoretic Pattern of Hereditary Haemoglobin Disorders in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin MK , Aziz MA , Sardar MH , Hossain MZ , Bhuya MF , Uddin MM , Kobir Mahbubur , Rahman MJ
Published: October 2010

Background: Genetic defects of haemoglobin are the most common genetic disorders and affect around 7% of world Population, occur in tropical and sub tropical areas. â thalassaemia is more common in the Mediterranian region while á thalassaemia is more common in the Far East. Objective: To Find out the pattern of haemoglobin disorders and to evaluate and compare the diseases in study population. Methods: A total number of 210 subjects with age ranged from 2 to 72 years of both sexes were included in the study. The present study was conducted in out patient department (OPD) of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU,) Dhaka. Bangladesh. During the period of January 2007 to December 2007, patients were selected on the basis of morphological blood film examination and Hb- electrophoresis on cellulose acetate at PH 8.6. Results: Among the 210 Subjects, thalassaemia trait were (47.14%), HbE-beta thalassaemia were 30.47%, HbE Trait 13.3%, HbE disease (5.71%) and thalassaemia major were (3.33%). Conclusion: It is evident that, Hereditary Haemoglobin disorders are quite common in Bangladesh and this disorders are inherited as autosomal recessive Mendelian pattern affecting both male and female. Key words: Electrophoretic pattern; Haemoglobin disorders. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6250 J Dhaka Med. Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 39-42.
Pattern of Dermatoses in Skin Inpatient Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Ali CM , Haque AKMR , Ahmed N , Sikdar TK , Parvez MZ , Kamal SMB , Haque ME
Published: October 2010

The study was carried out to know the pattern of dermatoses among admitted patients in skin inpatient department from March 2009 to February 2010 in Dhaka Medical College Hospital. A total of 244 patients (124 female & 120 male) were admitted during this study period. Exfoliative dermatitis 52(21.31%) were the most commonest dermatoses, followed by Psoriasis vulgaris 28(11.47%), Pemphigus vulgaris 20(8.19%), Stevens Johnson Syndrome 20(8.19%), Bullous pemphigoid 16(6.55%), Erythema multiforme 16(6.55%), Systemic lupus erythematosus 12(4.91%), Scrofuloderma 12(4.91%), Scleroderma 12(4.91%), Darier's disease 8(3.27%), Vasculitis 8(3.27%), Psoriatic arthopathy 8(3.27%), Pemphigus vegetans 4(1.63%), Lupus vulgaris 4(1.63%), Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis 4(1.63%,), Herpes zoster 4(1.63%), Erythema annulare centrifugum 4(1.63%), Chronic bullous disease of childhood 4(1.63%), Xanthoma tuberosum 4(1.63%). Mycosis fungoides 3(1.22%), Sezary syndrome 1(0.40%). Key words: Pattern of dermatoses; prevalence. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6251 J Dhaka Med. Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 43-46.
Cadaver Study of the Extension of the Lobes of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Nurunnabi ASM , Ara S , Ahmed R , Kishwara S , Mahbub S , Faruque ABMO
Published: October 2010

Context: The present study was designed to see the extension i.e. the superior and the inferior limits of the right and the left lobes of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people and compare with the previous studies. Study design: Descriptive type of study. Place and period of the study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2008. Materials: The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) of unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Methods: The samples were collected from the dead bodies by ‘block dissection' and upper and lower limits of the lobes of the thyroid gland were observed in situ and recorded. Results: The superior limit of the right and left lobes of the thyroid glands reached above the midpoint of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage in 16.67% and 8.33% cases and was found at the level of that midpoint in 41.67% and 43.33% of cases respectively. 41.67% on the right and 48.33% on the left could not reach that midpoint of the thyroid cartilage. The inferior limit of the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland reached up to the 5th tracheal ring in 63.33% and 60% cases respectively and inferiorly up to the 6th tracheal ring in 36.67% and 40% cases respectively. Key words: Thyroid gland; extension of lobes; superior and inferior limit. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6252 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 47-50.
Hypomagnesaemia in Pregnancy: A predictor of Preterm Labour
Authors: Shahid AR , Hosna AU , Tahmina HZ
Published: October 2010

Preterm birth is a major health concern. It is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Besides varied etiology, it may be due to alteration in basic biochemical function of the body at cellular level stating emphasis to trace elements of which magnesium, being one of them. Pregnancy is marked by a state of hypomagnesaemia and varied hypomagnesaemia is observed in preterm labour cases. The study is conducted to find out the relationship between low serum magnesium concentrations with preterm labour, with a view to ascertain it as one of the predictor of preterm labour. This study has been designed as cross sectional case control study. 100 pregnant women with preterm labour were taken as case and 100 women with term labour as control. It is found that mean level of serum magnesium was lower in preterm labour as compared with term labour. The study shows that there is significant decrease in magnesium in maternal body in case of preterm labour. The study also shows that the relative risk of preterm labour was 3.18 times more in patients with serum magnesium level less than 1.9 mg/ dl in comparison to those who had the level of 1.9 mg/dl or more. Low level of serum magnesium significantly correlated with the preterm labour. Moreover different studies also shows that the decreased serum magnesium level has an association with the uterine irritability leads to the preterm labour. As such, it is assumed that the low serum magnesium concentration in pregnancy has a role in pathophysiology of preterm labour and may be used as a predictor of preterm labour. Key words: Hypomagnesaemia; predictor; preterm labour. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6253 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 51-57
Serum Levels of Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin in Woman with Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Begum JA , Sultana R , Naher S
Published: October 2010

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe type of vomiting in pregnancy which has significant effect on the health of mother and fetus. During this period various metabolic and endocrine changes occur in maternal body. Objectives: The present study has been designed to observe the serum total protein, albumin and globulin in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Method: For this purpose 6o women with age ranging from 20 to 40 years were selected. The women with hyperemesis gravidarum were taken as case and Non pregnant nulliparous women & normal pregnant women during the first trimester of normal pregnancy were taken as control group. Each group consisted of 20 women. The total protein and albumin levels were measured in all study populations against the blank at wavelength of 530 nm and 620 nm in a colorimeter. Results: The serum total protein and albumin levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in hyperemesis gravidarum and normal pregnant women during first trimester compared to control non pregnant nulliparous women. Conclusion: Therefore the result of the present study reveals that higher levels of total protein, albumin and globulin in hyperemesis gravidarum in comparison to non pregnant nulliparous & normal pregnant women due to increase thyroid hormones and also increases thyroxine - binding globulins. Key words: Serum Total Protein; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulin; Hyperemesis Gravidarum DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6254 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 58-60.
Forensic Medicine: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Rahman KGM , Osman MK , Mahmud S
Published: October 2010

In this paper the remnants of British medical jurisprudence, the medico legal service of Bangladesh were discussed to improve the current medico legal practice and to propose future plan. In Bangladesh, all unnatural deaths are to be reported at the nearest police station and an appointed police officer should visit the scene of occurrence for investigation and to arrange postmortem if required. The forensic services of the country are delivered partly by academic staffs of government medical colleges' forensic medicine department and rest by the civil surgeons - the district health administrator. The civil surgeons perform postmortem by the doctors under him in district hospitals, most of them have no forensic qualifications. Currently academic and professional postgraduate courses are available. The chemical examiner's laboratory is situated at Dhaka with the facility of quantitative tests only. The Government of Bangladesh is trying to standardize the existing system. A workshop on medico legal service was organized recently at Dhaka by the Medico Legal Society of Bangladesh. A DNA profiling laboratory was established at Dhaka Medical College Forensic Medicine Department. Such progress is a milestone in the development of medico legal service in Bangladesh. However, with a few exceptions teaching and training facilities are still lacking. Key words: Forensic; Bangladesh Perspective. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6255 J Dhaka Med. Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 61-64.
Study of Sensitivity Pattern of Metronidazole on Axenic Culture of Entamoeba Histolytica In Vitro
Authors: Sarker SK , Mondal D , Siddique MA
Published: October 2010

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of metronidazole against Entamoeba histolytica. Design: It was an experimental study. Settings: The study was carried out in Parasitology Laboratory, ICDDR,B Dhaka from January 2007 to June 2007. Subjects: Entamoeba histolytica (Strain: MS 27 5030) Main outcome measure: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: In this study MIC of metronidazole was < 0.08 mg/ml. Conclusion: The result suggests that metronidazole is still the standard drug for treatment of amoebiasis Key words: Axenic culture; Entamoeba histolytica; Metronidazole. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6256 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 65-66.
A Case of Gilberts Syndrome
Authors: Wazib A , Hossain MZ , Saha JK , Al-Mamun KA , Shahid SB , Hossain SS
Published: October 2010

A middle aged lady presented with recurrent jaundice with normal SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin and prothrombin time. Haemolysis was excluded by normal haemoglobin, peripheral blood film and reticulocyte count and finally she was diagnosed to have Gilbert's syndrome. Key words: Gilbert's Syndrome; Hyperbilirubinaemia. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6257 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 67-68.
Ataxia Telangiectasia: A Case Report
Authors: Islam MI , Hoque SKA , Islam MT , Saleh ASM , Saha NC , Rahman AKM , Anwar S , Banerjee M
Published: October 2010

Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is a rare, neurodegenerative disease that affects many parts of the body and causes severe disability is characterized by progressive Cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, and recurrent respiratory and sinus infections. AT is caused by a defect in the ATM gene, which is responsible for recognizing and correcting errors in duplicating DNA when cells divide, and in destroying the cells when the errors can not be corrected. A 10 years old girl who is the first issue of non consanguineous parents completely immunized according to EPI schedule was admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, on 26.01.2010 with the complaints of generalized weakness and difficulty to walk from the 6th year. The patient has one younger sister of 7 years old who has such complaints. On examination the patient was found mildly anemic with congestions in both eyeballs that is radiating from the both corners to limbus. The patient was conscious and cooperative. Cranial nerves were intact. There were hypotonia which was more marked in lower limbs with diminished jerks and flexor plantar reflexes. Gait was wide based and ataxic. She was diagnosed as a case of AT. This case is presented as academic interest. Key words: Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT); neurodegenerative disease. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6258 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 69-71.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) in Hepatitis B-Virus Infection - A Case Report
Authors: Uddin MK , Uddin MM , Uddin KA Gias , Sardar MH , Hossain MZ , Islam MS , Safiullah SM , Rahman MJ
Published: October 2010

A 30 years old male presented with fever, headache, myalgia, anorexia, petechial haemorrhage, easy bruising, gum bleeding and purpuric rash. Initially it appeared to be a case of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) but finally our patient was diagnosed as a case of immune thrombocytopenia due to hepatitis B-virus infection. In this report we document the immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in a 30 years old male patient which is due to hepatitis B-virus infection in the replicative phase. Assessment of the replicative status and activity of liver disease of the patient was done. Key words: Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP); Hepatitis B-Virus Infection. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i1.6259 J Dhaka Med. Coll. 2010; 19(1) : 72-73.
Preparation of an Adhesive in Emulsion for Maxillofacial Prosthetic
Authors: Sánchez-García Judith A. , Ortega Alejandra , Barceló-Santana Federico H. , Palacios-Alquisira Joaquín
Published: October 2010

Maxillofacial prostheses is a dental medicine specialty aimed at restoring anatomical facial defects caused by cancer, trauma or congenital malformations through an artificial device, which is commonly attached to the skin with the help of an adhesive. The purpose of our research was to develop a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) based on acrylic monomers, characterizing and determining its drying kinetics, that is to say the time it takes to lose 50 to 90% of its moisture. The adhesive synthesis was realized by means of emulsion polymerization; the composition of formulations was: (AA‑MMA‑EA) and (AA‑MMA‑2EHA) with different molar ratios. The formulation based on (AA‑MMA‑2EHA) with 50 w% of solids, presented good adhesive properties such as tack, bond strength, and short drying time. We propose this formulation as a PSA, because it offers an alternative for systemically compromised patients, by less irritation compared to organic solvent-based adhesives.
Synthesis and Reactivity of [1,2,4]Triazolo-annelated Quinazolines
Authors: Al-Salahi Rashad A.
Published: October 2010

This paper reports the synthesis of phenyl-substituted 2-alkoxy(methylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines starting from N-cyanoimidocarbonates and substituted hydrazinobenzoic acids as building blocks. Thionation or chlorination of the inherent lactam moiety in the target compounds followed by treatment with multifunctional nucleophiles provided access to a variety of derivatives.
Two New Alkaloids from Narcissus serotinus L.
Authors: Pigni Natalia B. , Berkov Strahil , Elamrani Abdelaziz , Benaissa Mohammed , Viladomat Francesc , Codina Carles , Bastida Jaume
Published: October 2010

The Amaryllidaceae family is well known for the presence of an exclusive group of alkaloids with a wide range of biological activities. Narcissus serotinus L. is a plant belonging to this family and its geographical distribution is mainly located along the Mediterranean coast. In the present work, specimens collected near Casablanca (Morocco) were used to study the alkaloid content of this species. Starting with 350 g of the whole plant we used standard extraction and purification procedures to obtain fractions and compounds for GC-MS and NMR analysis. As well as five known alkaloids, we isolated two new compounds: 1-O-(3´-acetoxybutanoyl)lycorine and narseronine. The latter has been previously published, but with an erroneous structure.
Synthesis of Propargyl-Terminated Heterobifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Lu Changhai , Zhong Wen
Published: October 2010

Novel propargyl-ended heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives with hydroxyl, carboxyl, mercapto or hydrazide end groups were synthesized with simplicity yet high efficiency. PEG (Mw = 3500 Da) with an α-hydroxyl group and an ω-carboxyl was used as the starting polymer. The carboxyl group of the bifunctional PEG was modified into a propargyl, then carboxyl, mercapto or hydrazide groups were introduced to the other end of the bifunctional PEG by modifying the bifunctional PEG’s hydroxyl group with succinic anhydride, cysteamide or tert-butyl carbazate, respectively. This method can be useful to the development of PEG-based bioconjugates for a variety of biomedical applications.
Electronic Nose Breathprints Are Independent of Acute Changes in Airway Caliber in Asthma
Authors: Lazar Zsofia , Fens Niki , Maten Jan van der , Schee Marc P. van der , Wagener Ariane H. , Nijs Selma B. de , Dijkers Erica , Sterk Peter J.
Published: October 2010

Molecular profiling of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOC) by electronic nose technology provides breathprints that discriminate between patients with different inflammatory airway diseases, such as asthma and COPD. However, it is unknown whether this is determined by differences in airway caliber. We hypothesized that breathprints obtained by electronic nose are independent of acute changes in airway caliber in asthma. Ten patients with stable asthma underwent methacholine provocation (Visit 1) and sham challenge with isotonic saline (Visit 2). At Visit 1, exhaled air was repetitively collected pre-challenge, after reaching the provocative concentration (PC20) causing 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and after subsequent salbutamol inhalation. At Visit 2, breath was collected pre-challenge, post-saline and post-salbutamol. At each occasion, an expiratory vital capacity was collected after 5 min of tidal breathing through an inspiratory VOC-filter in a Tedlar bag and sampled by electronic nose (Cyranose 320). Breathprints were analyzed with principal component analysis and individual factors were compared with mixed model analysis followed by pairwise comparisons. Inhalation of methacholine led to a 30.8 ± 3.3% fall in FEV1 and was followed by a significant change in breathprint (p = 0.04). Saline inhalation did not induce a significant change in FEV1, but altered the breathprint (p = 0.01). However, the breathprint obtained after the methacholine provocation was not significantly different from that after saline challenge (p = 0.27). The molecular profile of exhaled air in patients with asthma is altered by nebulized aerosols, but is not affected by acute changes in airway caliber. Our data demonstrate that breathprints by electronic nose are not confounded by the level of airway obstruction.
Column-Parallel Correlated Multiple Sampling Circuits for CMOS Image Sensors and Their Noise Reduction Effects
Authors: Suh Sungho , Itoh Shinya , Aoyama Satoshi , Kawahito Shoji
Published: October 2010

For low-noise complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, the reduction of pixel source follower noises is becoming very important. Column-parallel high-gain readout circuits are useful for low-noise CMOS image sensors. This paper presents column-parallel high-gain signal readout circuits, correlated multiple sampling (CMS) circuits and their noise reduction effects. In the CMS, the gain of the noise cancelling is controlled by the number of samplings. It has a similar effect to that of an amplified CDS for the thermal noise but is a little more effective for 1/f and RTS noises. Two types of the CMS with simple integration and folding integration are proposed. In the folding integration, the output signal swing is suppressed by a negative feedback using a comparator and one-bit D-to-A converter. The CMS circuit using the folding integration technique allows to realize a very low-noise level while maintaining a wide dynamic range. The noise reduction effects of their circuits have been investigated with a noise analysis and an implementation of a 1Mpixel pinned photodiode CMOS image sensor. Using 16 samplings, dynamic range of 59.4 dB and noise level of 1.9 e- for the simple integration CMS and 75 dB and 2.2 e- for the folding integration CMS, respectively, are obtained.
L'interprétation de l'infortune : un itinéraire Senufo (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Sindzingre Nicole Alice
Published: October 2010

Nicole Sindzingre : L'interprétation de l'infortune : un itinéraire Senufo (Côte d'Ivoire).

À partir de l'exemple d'un « itinéraire thérapeutique » observé au sein d'une communauté Senufo du nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire, Nicole Sindzingre illustre les difficultés rencontrées par l'« anthropologie médicale » dans les sociétés où le système bio-médical est récent et minoritaire. L'analyse des réponses apportées aux problèmes posés par l'infortune (en l'occurence, la maladie) conduit à donner un sens très spécifique aux notions de causalité, d'efficacité et plus globalement de rationalité.
Du symtôme organique à la norme sociale : des médecins dans un « groupe Balint »
Authors: Herzlich Claudine
Published: October 2010

Claudine Herzlich : Du système organique à la norme sociale : des médecins dans un « Groupe Balint ».

À partir de l'observation, poursuivie au cours de deux années, du fonctionnement d'un « Groupe-Balint », Claudine Herzlich aborde le problème de la norme sociale que, par sa position d'expert, le médecin autorise ou non à enfreindre (le pouvoir du médecin devenant ici pouvoir d'autoriser) et met en évidence son articulation avec la notion de plaisir. Au-delà des spécificités d'une relation thérapeutique qui pose le problème de l'évolution future de ce type de pratiques, cette étude fait apparaître qu'il n'y a pas de discours médical unique et monolithique, et montre à quel point la médecine est ouverte aux courants d'influence et aux changements de valeurs dans la société globale.
Expériences des drogués et positions institutionnelles : le cas de l'hôpital Marmottan
Authors: Guerrieri Riccardo , Pinell Patrice
Published: October 2010

Riecardo Guerrieri, Patrice Pinell : Expériences des drogués et positions institutionnelles : le cas de l'hôpital Marmottan.

Prenant appui sur une analyse en profondeur du fonctionnement du secteur d'hospitalisation du centre Marmottan - analyse replacée elle-même dans le contexte plus large de l'ensemble du champ institutionnel concerné - les auteurs décrivent les conditions socio-historiques ayant présidé à la création de ce centre, ainsi que les propriétés caractéristiques de cet espace social, des agents qui s'y investissent et de la nature des enjeux qui y ont cours.
À propos d'une O.N.G. de développement sanitaire : l'Église catholique en Afrique et les soins de santé primaires.
Authors: Berche Thierry
Published: October 2010

Thierry Berche: Primary health care and the Catholic Church as a non governmental organization.

Non governmental organization (N.G.O.) have an important role to play in the Third World as well as in Western countries. In French-speaking black Africa, the Catholic Church is a prominent N.G.O. in the field of development and more particularly of health. The author has observed seven African countries between 1981 and 83; he examines the specific problems posed by the activities of this N.G.O. in societies plagued with shortages and insecurity. He concludes that the curative model, offered to a badly organised and poorly trained peasantry, cornes to maintaining under-development without remedying it.
La « maison du blanc » : la place du dispensaire dans les stratégies thérapeutiques des Bisa du Burkina.
Authors: Fainzang Sylvie
Published: October 2010

Sylvie Fainzang : La « casa del blanco » : el sitio del dispensario en las estrategias terapéuticas de los Bisa del Burkina.

Apoyándose en el ejemplo de una sociedad del oeste de Africa, los Bisa del Burkina (ex-Alta-Volta), el autor, atenta a los procesos intelectuales que rigen las conductas observables en materia de recursos terapéuticos, se interroga sobre el impacto de la medicina occidental en las representaciones locales en lo que se relaciona a la enfermedad y las estrategias vinculadas a su aparición. Particularmente, intenta poner de realce que la presencia de una institución particípe del sistema médico occidental, como lo es el dispensario, puede tener insercio en el conjunto de las instituciones que toman a cargo la enfermedad en terreno rural : en efecto, lejos de introducir una ruptura decisiva con éstas, la práctica bio-médica es integrada, si no es absorta por la lógica local de las estrategias terapéuticas, estrategias basadas en un sistema cohérente de representaciones de la enfermedad.
L'évolution du conseil génétique aux États-Unis de 1940 à 1980 : pratique et légitimation.
Authors: Terrenoire Gwen
Published: October 2010

Gwen Terrenoire : La evolucion del consejo genético en los E.E.U.U. desde 1940 hasta 1980 : práctica y légitimatión.

Diéronse como misión, las primeras clínicas de consejo genético en los E.E.U.U., difundir acercá del público informes relativos a las enfermedades hereditarias y a su prevención. Eran los consejeros esencialmente investigadores universitarios que definían los objetivos de su práctica según unos principios que marcaban su oposición a la manera de concebir los eugenistas de principios de siglo, las relaciones entre la génetica y la sociedad. Se tradujo la medicalización del consejo genético en los años sesenta por una insistencia de la prevención individual. Pero el descubrimiento, a fines del mismo decenio, de técnicas de diagnóstico prenatal tuvo como consecuencia el pasar de nuevo al sector público de la salud el objetivo de prevención. Dicho objetivo tomaba a cargo una parje importante de las campañas de detección de las enfermedades hereditarias graves y costosas para la colectividad. Para el consejo génetico vuelve a ser planteada de nuevo la cuestión de una vuelta hacia comportamientos y prácticas represivas en materia de procreación humana.
Analyse idéaltypique de carrières de patients.
Authors: Gerhardt Uta , Kirchgässler Klaus
Published: October 2010

Uta Gerhardt, Klaus Kirchgässler : Analysis of ideal-types in patient careers.

An appropriate approach toward reconciling medical sociology and its theories with the specifie nature of medicine as an applied or practical science may be found in biographical research. In such research methods the objectivity of the knowledge about the patients' history must be seriously considered. We suggest that the idea of the idealset, as developed by Max Weber, may be useful in this research. In order to verify this, we demonstrate how we have used it ourselves in two empirical studies of the careers of kidney patients and epileptics. Each part of the analysis is presented separately and in order, from the specific case study to the sociological abstractions. The question of validity is examined for each part. Finally, some unresolved practical and theoretical problems are discussed.
Logique et statut de la production familiale de santé
Authors: Bungener Martine
Published: October 2010

Martine Bungener : Lógica y estatuto de la produción familiar de salud.

El que la familia tome a cargo la enfermedad y los cuidos es presentado a veces como una solución para reducir el coste financiero de la hospitalización. Ha salido, pués, del dominio único de competencia de los sociólogos o psicólogos clinicianos para volverse objeto de estudios explícito de los economistas. Inscríbese su análisis en la elaboración de una corriente téorica nueva : la de la produciôn doméstica. Pero resultan mal apropiadas a este tipo de objeto las herra- mientas que tiene el economista a su disposition en el seno de su propia disciplina. Le pertenece, pues, construir su objeto en la Idgica de su disciplina sin dejar de considerar las adquisiciones de las otras Ciencias Sociales. una corriente téorica nueva : la de la produción doméstica. Pero resultan mal apropiadas a este tipo de objeto las herramientas que tiene el economista a su disposición en el seno de su propia disciplina. Le pertenece, pués, construir su objeto en la Iógica de su disciplina sin dejar de considerar las adquisiciones de las otras Ciencias Sociales.
Le temps, l'espace en génétique. Intervention médicale et géographie sociale du gène
Authors: Bourret Pascale
Published: October 2010

Pascale Bourret: Time and Space in Genetics. Medical Acts and the Social Geography of the Gène.

Prenatal diagnosis, which has developed over the last fifteen years, is radically at odds with traditional medical practice in terms of its objectives and the medical acts to which it gives rise. For it is a practice which is predictive in nature. Because it can, under no circumstance, unlike classical diagnosis, involve therapy, it leads to the practice of selection of the fœtus.

The article is concerned to give an account of the medical acts, the technologies and the knowledge associated with this new technique, ail of which are necessarily social in import, given the impossibility of separating medical from social considérations in this field. The new forms of social engineering which médical genetics opens up are analysed as being the production of a social geography where what is at stake is the production, by means of the body which gives it its tangible shape, of the very quality of life.
Comment les Québécois se tirent-ils d'affaire ? Un défi lancé aux chercheurs de sciences humaines
Authors: Jutras Sylvie , Guyon Louise , Renaud Marc , Dandurand Renée B. , Bouchard Pierre
Published: October 2010

Sylvie Jutras, Louise Guyon, Marc Renaud, Renée Dandurand, Pierre Boucharol : ¿ Cómo los Quebequences salen de apuros ? Un reto lanzado a los investigadores de las Ciencias Humanas.

La comisión de investigación sobre los servicios de salud y los servicios sociales ha confiado a nuestro équipo de investigación la tarea de describir cómo los quebequences tratan de arreglar sus problemas sociales y de salud. El artículo refïere el proceso de elaboración del objeto de estudio que desemboca sobre una encuesta llevada a cabo a partir de un muestreo representativo de los Quebequences (N-2 1 14). Paralelamente a un sondeo realizado en la población en general, el estudio abarcó a très subgrupos; cada uno representaba una categoría específica de problemas examinados por la comisión : padecer dolores de espalda crónicos (problemática de salud), tener que ayudar a un anciano que está perdiendo su autonomía (problemática sociosanitaria), ser confrontado a las responsabilidades de jefe de familia monoparental (problemática social). El artículo présenta los resultados más destacados de la investigación con respecto a cada una de las situaciones estudiadas. En conclusión, se discute la gama de soluciones actualmente disponibles en una perspectiva venidera.
Contrainte affichée ou contrainte réelle ? Analyse de la régulation du système hospitalier public français
Authors: Engel François , Moisdon Jean-Claude , Tonneau Dominique
Published: October 2010

François Engel, Jean-Claude Moisdon, Dominique Tonneau: "Official" constraint or real constraint? An analysis of the control of hospitals in France.

Since the end of the seventies, different dispositions and reforms have been issued to try and limit the growth of hospital expenses, and change the management rules in place. Through a research dealing with a sample of 12 hospitals, and completed between 1986 and 1988, the authors studied the effects of these new budgeting constraints.

A quantitative analysis was led on the 1980-1986 period of time, and it did not yield a significant bend in respect with the pre- vious tendencies: growth of the hospital real expenses quite higher than the provided officiai rate, lack of tendencies as to the financial indicators, very heavy increase in the medical expenditures, etc.

These results may be explained fiinctionally through a certain amount of derogations and various exceptions, as well as a local use of the allowed flexibility remaining in the definition of the budgeting procedure.

More basically, such a state of facts may be linked to the présent actors' system. The authors show how physicians and hospital managers have gradually built up a consensus, in order to enter a strategy of technical development, centered on the hospital itself. As to the local trusteeship authorities, they are not in a position to oppose this strategy, because of two main factors: the power relations at stake, and the constraints deriving from the management tools in use.
Fabriquer le sens : le réseau sémantique du cancer
Authors: Saillant Francine
Published: October 2010

Francine Saillant: Constructing meaning: the semantic network of cancer.

This paper presents the findings of a clinical anthropology study about the cancer experience of a population of francophone patients of Quebec (Canada). The general theme of popular knowledge about cancer is speciflcally investigated. The cancer phenomenon is analysed as a representation and a symbol. Cancer knowledge among patients is regarded as a production of meaning. The data showed that the popular knowledge of cancer is constructed during the course of illness, this knowledge is produced in a dedramatization perspective (cancer is not only a reality mediated by death) and in the connexion with the life story of the ill subject. Psychosocial etiology explains the personal situation of the patient, environmental etiology explains the cancer prevalence in modem society.
Déchiffrer la douleur chronique. Deux figures de la pratique médicale.
Authors: Baszanger Isabelle
Published: October 2010

Résumé. Parce que la douleur est une sensation privée irréductible à quelque objectivation que ce soit, elle n'est pas facilement susceptible d'être stabilisée dans un fait incontestable qui servirait à organiser une pratique médicale et des relations entre médecins et malades. La fragilité de la douleur comme fait accroît le travail de déchiffrement auquel se livre tout médecin face à un nouveau malade. Cet article examine ce travail de déchiffrement tel qu'il est pratiqué par des médecins spécialisés dans le traitement de la douleur chronique. Pour effectuer ce travail, ces médecins font appel à des ressources variées parfois contradictoires. On étudiera la manière dont ces ressources sont mobilisées par les médecins pour élaborer un jugement sur les cas qu'ils ont à traiter dans les consultations. En stabilisant la réalité de la douleur dans une interprétation, ils peuvent ainsi organiser leur intervention auprès des malades. À partir d'une observation dans deux centres de la douleur, on montrera comment les médecins établissent la situation de douleur du malade, formulent leur avis aux malades, et comment les caractéristiques de ce travail, différent d'un centre à l'autre, engagent les médecins dans des relations spécifiques avec les malades. À chaque régime de rapport ainsi établi correspond une dimension propre du travail médical : dans le premier cas un travail de justification des actions du médecin, dans le second un travail de confirmation, de réalignement de l'accord entre médecin et malade.
Expérience privée des personnes et expertises médico-administratives. Une enquête dans la médecine du travail.
Authors: Dodier Nicolas
Published: October 2010

Résumé. L'article examine la constitution d'expertises médico-administratives. À partir d'une enquête ethnographique, l'auteur prend comme exemple les décisions des médecins du travail en matière d'aptitude au travail des salariés. Le texte distingue deux procédés de jugement. Dans le premier, le médecin objective les capacités du salarié par l'exercice de la clinique médicale et en déduit d'éventuelles restrictions d'aptitude. Dans le second le médecin écoute les doléances du salarié, en particulier quant aux douleurs qu'il ressent, et lui délègue le soin de juger ce qu'il peut exercer comme tâche dans l'entreprise. Le médecin reconnaît alors au salarié une « expérience privée », qui échappe aux possibilités d'objectivation médicale, et qui néanmoins importe dans la décision. Le texte examine les problèmes que pose aux médecins cette reconnaissance d'une expérience privée, dans des contextes où l'on attend d'eux qu'ils tranchent en experts sur la validité des demandes des salariés.
La sexualité au regard des sciences sociales
Authors: Dayan-Herzbrun Sonia
Published: October 2010

Résumé. Les discours sur la sexualité qui se développent au cours du xixe siècle relèvent de la biologie et de la médecine. Le postulat antinaturaliste à partir duquel se fondent la sociologie, l'ethnologie et l'anthropologie, aboutit à la substitution, dans ces disciplines, des concepts de parenté, de mariage et de famille, à celui de sexualité qu'elles refusent, dans leur grande majorité, à constituer en objet, en dépit des pistes ouvertes par quelques grands auteurs. Pour les rares anthropologues et les nombreux historiens qui ont travaillé sur ce thème, il s'est agi tantôt de mettre l'accent sur la similitude des angoisses, des fantasmes et des situations à travers les époques et les cultures, tantôt de marquer différences et ruptures en historicisant la notion même de sexualité.