bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transdisciplinary Approaches for the Dissemination of the SWITCH School Wellness Initiative Through a Distributed 4-H/Extension Network
Authors: McLoughlin G. M. , Vazou S , Liechty L. , Torbert A. , Lanningham-Foster L. , Rosenkranz R. R. , Welk G. J.
Published: May 2020

Background

Schools provide an ideal setting for promoting healthy lifestyles in youth, but it has proven difficult to promote the adoption and implementation of evidence-based programming by school leaders. The SWITCH® (School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health) intervention is a capacity-building process designed to help school leaders learn how to plan, implement, and sustain school wellness programs on their own.

Objective

The present study evaluates the transdisciplinary approaches used in establishing an integrated research-practice partnership with the state-wide 4-H/Extension network to support broader dissemination.

Method

The study used a mixed methods approach to evaluate the degree of engagement and motivation of 4-H leaders (N = 30) for providing ancillary support for local school wellness programming. Engagement from 4-H Staff was logged over a year-long period through tracking completion of training and ongoing engagement with aspects of SWITCH. They completed checkpoint surveys and an interview to provide perceptions of supporting school implementation of SWITCH programming. Data were analysed through Pearson bivariate correlations and constant comparative analysis.

Results

County-level 4-H staff demonstrated high engagement in SWITCH by attending training sessions and hosting structured checkpoint sessions with schools. Interview data revealed that 4-H Staff valued connections with schools and emphasized that training on SWITCH was consistent with their existing roles related to youth programming.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the value of the sequential capacity-building process used to train 4-H Staff to facilitate school wellness programming. The transdisciplinary approaches built transferable skills and fostered relationships that directly support the broader goals of 4-H.
An Efficient High-Throughput LZ77-Based Decompressor in Reconfigurable Logic
Authors: Fang Jian , Chen Jianyu , Lee Jinho , Al-Ars Zaid , Hofstee H. Peter
Published: May 2020

To best leverage high-bandwidth storage and network technologies requires an improvement in the speed at which we can decompress data. We present a “refine and recycle” method applicable to LZ77-type decompressors that enables efficient high-bandwidth designs and present an implementation in reconfigurable logic. The method refines the write commands (for literal tokens) and read commands (for copy tokens) to a set of commands that target a single bank of block ram, and rather than performing all the dependency calculations saves logic by recycling (read) commands that return with an invalid result. A single “Snappy” decompressor implemented in reconfigurable logic leveraging this method is capable of processing multiple literal or copy tokens per cycle and achieves up to 7.2GB/s, which can keep pace with an NVMe device. The proposed method is about an order of magnitude faster and an order of magnitude more power efficient than a state-of-the-art single-core software implementation. The logic and block ram resources required by the decompressor are sufficiently low so that a set of these decompressors can be implemented on a single FPGA of reasonable size to keep up with the bandwidth provided by the most recent interface technologies.
Pervasive promoter hypermethylation of silenced TERT alleles in human cancers
Authors: Esopi David , Graham Mindy Kim , Brosnan-Cashman Jacqueline A. , Meyers Jennifer , Vaghasia Ajay , Gupta Anuj , Kumar Balasubramanian , Haffner Michael C. , Heaphy Christopher M. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Meeker Alan K. , Nelson William G. , Wheelan Sarah J. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan
Published: May 2020

Background

In cancers, maintenance of telomeres often occurs through activation of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, encoded by TERT. Yet, most cancers show only modest levels of TERT gene expression, even in the context of activating hotspot promoter mutations (C228T and C250T). The role of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, in regulating TERT gene expression in cancer cells is as yet not fully understood.

Methods

Here, we have carried out the most comprehensive characterization to date of TERT promoter methylation using ultra-deep bisulfite sequencing spanning the CpG island surrounding the core TERT promoter in 96 different human cell lines, including primary, immortalized and cancer cell types, as well as in control and reference samples.

Results

In general, we observed that immortalized and cancer cell lines were hypermethylated in a region upstream of the recurrent C228T and C250T TERT promoter mutations, while non-malignant primary cells were comparatively hypomethylated in this region. However, at the allele-level, we generally found that hypermethylation of promoter sequences in cancer cells is associated with repressed expression, and the remaining unmethylated alleles marked with open chromatin are largely responsible for the observed TERT expression in cancer cells.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that hypermethylation of the TERT promoter alleles signals transcriptional repression of those alleles, leading to attenuation of TERT activation in cancer cells. This type of fine tuning of TERT expression may account for the modest activation of TERT expression in most cancers.
The precision of radar-derived subglacial bed topography: a case study from Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: King Edward C.
Published: May 2020

Recent advances in the measurement of bedforms beneath active ice streams have been made using ground-based grid profiling using impulse radar systems operating with centre frequencies in the 3–5 MHz range. Surveys of Rutford Ice Stream and Pine Island Glacier have shown that features such as mega-scale glacial lineations with topographic relief of as little as 3 m can be traced for many kilometres downstream under more than 2 km of fast-moving ice. In the discussion of these data, it is often asked ‘How is it possible to map such fine-scale topography with such a low-frequency radar’. In answering that question, the key point is the distinction between the precision of a radar range measurement to a single, isolated reflective interface and the ability to resolve the presence of two closely-spaced interfaces of similar reflectivity (commonly referred to as the vertical resolution). This paper will discuss and illustrate this distinction and use the case study of data acquired over Pine Island Glacier to examine the limits of precision of the radar range measurement.
THE MONKEY'S OFF OUR BACK: AN ALTERNATIVE READING OF JUVENAL 5.153–5
Authors: Pasco Ryan M.
Published: May 2020

Readers have struggled to interpret an image from the end of Juvenal's fifth satire, a poem which focusses upon the poor hospitality shown to a dinner guest, Trebius, at the hands of his host, Virro. After repeatedly juxtaposing the luxurious food served to Virro with the scant fare served to Trebius, Juvenal describes the final course of thecena. He again contrasts the host's hyper-abundance with his guest's mere scraps (5.149–55):Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus illa iubebitpoma dari, quorum solo pascaris odore,qualia perpetuus Phaeacum autumnus habebat,credere quae possis subrepta sororibus Afris:tu scabie frueris mali, quod in aggere roditqui tegitur parma et galea, metuensque flagellidiscit ab hirsuta iaculum torquere capella.

Virro will demand that he and the rest of his entourage receive these apples—though you'll dine on their smell alone—like those the endless autumn of the Phaeacians used to yield, which you could believe stolen away from the African sisters: you will enjoy the scab of an apple, which, on the Embankment, is gnawed by someone who is protected by a buckler and helm and who, fearing a whipping, learns to hurl a javelin from atop a shaggy goat.

While the core contrast between the quality of each type of fare is clear, the concludingqui-clause is less intelligible. Who could this entity be? On line 153, the scholiast comments:quale simia manducat. Whilequalecould refer to the object being eaten (scabie mali quod) rather than to thequi-antecedent, it is clear in any case that the ancient reader felt that 5.153–5 evoked the image of an ape. Recent commentaries on Juvenal's fifth satire reflect a scholarly consensus: J.D. Duff, Edward Courtney, Susanna Braund and Biagio Santorelli all follow the scholiast's suggestion and believe that the passage describes a trained ape, as do recent readers of the poem.
Normativity, social change, and the epistemological framing of culture
Authors: Buskell Andrew
Published: May 2020

The authors deploy an epistemic framework to represent culture and model the acquisition of cultural behavior. Yet, the framing inherits familiar problems with explaining the acquisition of norms. Such problems are conspicuous with regard to human societies where norms are ubiquitous. This creates a new difficulty for the authors in explaining change to mutually exclusive organizational structures of human life.
Thinking through prior bodies: autonomic uncertainty and interoceptive self-inference
Authors: Allen Micah , Legrand Nicolas , Costa Correa Camile Maria , Fardo Francesca
Published: May 2020

The Bayesian brain hypothesis, as formalized by the free-energy principle, is ascendant in cognitive science. But, how does the Bayesian brain obtain prior beliefs? Veissière and colleagues argue that sociocultural interaction is one important source. We offer a complementary model in which “interoceptive self-inference” guides the estimation of expected uncertainty both in ourselves and in our social conspecifics.
The option value of life
Authors: Burri Susanne
Published: May 2020

This paper argues that under conditions of uncertainty, there is frequently a positive option value to staying alive when compared to the alternative of dying right away. This value can make it prudentially rational for you to stay alive even if it appears highly unlikely that you have a bright future ahead of you. Drawing on the real options approach to investment analysis, the paper explores the conditions under which there is a positive option value to staying alive, and it draws out important implications for the problems of suicide and euthanasia.
Cross-linguistic variation in word-initial cluster production in adult and child language: evidence from English and Norwegian
Authors: GARMANN Nina Gram , SIMONSEN Hanne Gram , HANSEN Pernille , HOLM Elisabeth , POST Brechtje , PAYNE Elinor
Published: May 2020

Young children simplify word initial consonant clusters by omitting or substituting one (or both) of the elements. Vocalic insertion, coalescence and metathesis are said to be used more seldom (McLeod, van Doorn & Reed, 2001). Data from Norwegian children, however, have shown vocalic insertion to be more frequently used (Simonsen, 1990; Simonsen, Garmann & Kristoffersen, 2019). To investigate the extent to which children use this strategy to differing degrees depending on the ambient language, we analysed word initial cluster production acoustically in nine Norwegian and nine English speaking children aged 2;6–6 years, and eight adults, four from each language. The results showed that Norwegian-speaking children produce significantly more instances of vocalic insertions than English-speaking children do. The same pattern is found in Norwegian- versus English-speaking adults. We argue that this cross-linguistic difference is an example of the influence of prosodic-phonetic biases in language-specific developmental paths in the acquisition of speech.
Use of a head camera to examine maternal input and its relation to 10- to 26-month-olds’ acquisition of mental and non-mental state vocabulary
Authors: RUFFMAN Ted , LORIMER Ben , VANIER Sarah , SCARF Damian , DU Kangning , TAUMOEPEAU Mele
Published: May 2020

We examined the relation between maternal responsiveness and children's acquisition of mental and non-mental state vocabulary in 59 pairs of mothers and children aged 10 to 26 months as they engaged in a free-play episode. Children wore a head camera and responsiveness was defined as maternal talk that commented on the child's actions (e.g., when the child reached for or manipulated an object visible in the head camera). As hypothesized, maternal responsiveness correlated with both mental and non-mental state vocabulary acquisition in younger children (approximately 18 months and younger) but not older children. We posit a diminishing role for maternal responsiveness in language acquisition as children grow older.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and association with weight status in Irish children: a cross-sectional study prior to the introduction of a government tax on sugar-sweetened beverages
Authors: Harrington Janas M , Perry Catherine , Keane Eimear , Perry Ivan J
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To provide baseline evidence of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a sample of Irish children prior to the introduction of the SSB tax; to identify the energy contribution of SSB to daily energy intake; and to explore the association between SSB consumption and overweight/obesity.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Primary schools in Cork, Ireland in 2012.

Participants:

1075 boys and girls aged 8–11 years. SSB consumption was assessed from 3-d food diaries. BMI was used to define obesity (International Obesity Taskforce definitions). Plausible energy reporters (n 724, 68 % of total sample) were classified using Schofield equation.

Results:

Eighty-two per cent of children with plausible energy intake consumed SSB. Mean energy intake from SSB was 485 kJ (6 % of total kJ). Mean kilojoules from SSB increased with weight status from 443 kJ for normal-weight children to 648 kJ for children with overweight/obesity (5·8 and 7·6 % of total kJ, respectively). Mean SSB intake was significantly higher in children with overweight/obesity than normal-weight children (383 and 315 ml/d). In adjusted analyses, children consuming >200 ml/d had an 80 % increased odds of overweight/obesity compared to those consuming <200 ml/d (OR 1·8, 95 % CI 1·0, 3·5). Family socioeconomic status and lifestyle determinants, including frequency of takeaway consumption and TV viewing, were also significantly associated with SSB consumption.

Conclusions:

SSB account for a substantial proportion of daily energy intake and are significantly associated with child overweight/obesity. This study provides baseline data from a sample of children from which the impact of the SSB tax can be benchmarked.
The overall and sex- and age-group specific incidence rates of cancer in people with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Pettersson D. , Gissler M. , Hällgren J. , Ösby U. , Westman J. , Bobo W. V.
Published: May 2020

Aims

Decades of research show that people with schizophrenia have an increased risk of death from cancer; however, the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer incidence remains less clear. This population-based study investigates the incidence of seven common types of cancer among people with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia and accounting for the effects of age, sex and calendar time.

Methods

This population-based study used 1990–2013 data from three nationwide Swedish registries to calculate the incidence (in total, by age group and by sex) of any cancer and of lung, oesophageal, pancreatic, stomach, colon, (in men) prostate and (in women) breast cancer in 111 306 people with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia. The incidence in people with diagnosed schizophrenia was compared with the incidence in the general population. Risk estimates accounted for the effects of calendar time.

Results

In 1 424 829 person-years of follow-up, schizophrenia did not confer an overall higher cancer risk (IRR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91–1.13) but was associated with a higher risk for female breast (IRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12–1.26), lung (IRR 1.42, 95% CI 1.28–1.58), oesophageal (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.46) and pancreatic (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21) and a lower risk of prostate (IRR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55–0.79) cancer. Some age- and sex-specific differences in risk were observed.

Conclusions

People with schizophrenia do not have a higher overall incidence of cancer than people in the general population. However, there are significant differences in the risk of specific cancer types overall and by sex calling for efforts to develop disease-specific prevention programmes. In people with schizophrenia, higher risk generally occurs in those <75 years.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the 365‐nm Albedo of Venus Observed by the Camera on Board Venus Express
Authors: Lee Y. J. , Kopparla P. , Peralta J. , Schröder S. E. , Imamura T. , Kouyama T. , Watanabe S.
Published: May 2020

We mapped the distribution of the 365‐nm albedo of the Venus atmosphere over the years 2006–2014, using images acquired by the Venus Monitoring Camera (VMC) on board Venus Express. We selected all images with a global view of Venus to investigate how the albedo depends on longitude. Bertaux et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004958) reported a peak in albedo around 100° longitude and speculated on an association with the Aphrodite Terra mountains. We show that this peak is most likely an artifact, resulting from long‐term albedo variations coupled with considerable temporal gaps in data sampling over longitude. We also used a subset of images to investigate how the albedo depends on local time, selecting only south pole viewing images of the dayside (local times 7–17 hr). Akatsuki observed mountain‐induced waves in the late afternoon at 283 nm and 10 μm (Fukuhara et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2873). We expect that the presence of such waves may introduce 365‐nm albedo variations with a periodicity of one solar day (116.75 Earth days). We searched for such a periodicity peak at 15:30–16:00 local time and low latitudes but did not find it. In conclusion, we find that temporal albedo variations, both short and long term, dominate any systematic variations with longitude and local time. The nature of VMC dayside observations limits regular data sampling along longitudes, so longitudinal variations, if they exist, are difficult to extract. We conclude that any influence by the Venus surface on 365‐nm albedo is negligible within this data set.
Lunar Irregular Mare Patches: Classification, Characteristics, Geologic Settings, Updated Catalog, Origin, and Outstanding Questions
Authors: Qiao Le , Head James W. , Ling Zongcheng , Wilson Lionel
Published: May 2020

One of the most mysterious lunar features discovered during the Apollo era was Ina, a ~2 × 3‐km depression composed of bleb‐like mounds surrounded by hummocky and blocky terrains. Subsequent studies identified dozens of similar features in lunar maria, describing them as Irregular Mare Patches (IMPs). Due to the unusual and complex characteristics of IMPs, their specific formation mechanism is debated. To improve our understanding of the nature and origin of IMPs, we undertook an updated search and geological characterization of all IMPs and established a classification approach encompassing the full spectrum of IMPs. We present an updated catalog of 91 IMPs and survey the detailed characteristics of each IMP. We find that the majority of IMPs occur in maria emplaced over three billion years ago, contemporaneous with the peak period of global lunar volcanism. We utilized geologic context information and characteristics to establish two classification schemes for lunar IMPs: (1) geologic context: IMPs are categorized into (a) small shield volcano summit pit floor and flank, (b) linear/sinuous rille interior and adjacent exterior, and (c) typical maria; (2) characteristics: IMPs are classified into (a) “mound + floor” and (b) “pit only” types. We showed the range of characteristics of lunar IMPs was consistent with the waning‐stage magmatic foam formation and extrusion scenario in different environments. Our updated catalog and classification raise several outstanding questions concerning the nature and origin of lunar IMPs. Assessing these questions will improve our knowledge of lunar thermal and geologic evolution.
Moored Observations of the Savu Strait Currents in the Indonesian Seas
Authors: Wang Jing , Yuan Dongliang , Li Xiang , Li Yao , Wang Zheng , Hu Xiaoyue , Zhao Xia , Corvianawatie Corry , Surinati Dewi
Published: May 2020

The currents in the Savu Strait are observed using a subsurface mooring from November 2016 to September 2017. The mean volume transport of the Savu Strait into the Indian Ocean is estimated to be 3.0 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s), with a standard deviation of 14.3 Sv. The vertical profile of the mean currents features a sandwich structure, with southwestward currents into the Indian Ocean in the upper 280 m and lower 700 m and weak northeastward currents in between. The analyses suggest that the currents flow into the Savu Sea from the west (through the Sumba and Savu Straits) and northeast (through the Ombai Strait) between 280 and 700 m, which suggests southward transport toward the Indian Ocean only in the unmeasured Dao Strait based on the conservation of mass inside the Savu Sea. These results underline the importance of circulation in the Savu Sea in the exchange between the Indonesian seas and the Indian Ocean. A linear continuously stratified model and high‐resolution regional INDESO model are used to investigate the variability and dynamics of the Savu Strait current. The existence of the northeastward current in the middle layer suggests the important role of baroclinic mode processes. Simulations also suggests that current in the Savu Strait is forced remotely by the zonal winds over the equatorial Indian Ocean, which propagate eastward along the coasts of the Nusa Tenggara island chain as coastal Kelvin waves.
Compositional Measurements of Saturn's Upper Atmosphere and Rings from Cassini INMS
Authors: Serigano J. , Hörst S. M. , He C. , Gautier T. , Yelle R. V. , Koskinen T. T. , Trainer M. G.
Published: May 2020

The Cassini spacecraft's last orbits directly sampled Saturn's thermosphere and revealed a much more chemically complex environment than previously believed. Observations from the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) aboard Cassini provided compositional measurements of this region and found an influx of material raining into Saturn's upper atmosphere from the rings. We present here an in‐depth analysis of the CH4, H2O, and NH3 signal from INMS and provide further evidence of external material entering Saturn's atmosphere from the rings. We use a new mass spectral deconvolution algorithm to determine the amount of each species observed in the spectrum and use these values to determine the influx and mass deposition rate for these species.
lncRNA-SOX2OT promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis through miR-122-5p-mediated activation of PKM2
Authors: Liang Yingjian , Zhang Dandan , Zheng Tongsen , Yang Guangchao , Wang Jiabei , Meng Fanzheng , Liu Yao , Zhang Guoli , Zhang Linhan , Han Jihua , Hui Peng , Chen Zhengliang , Liu Yu , Wang Mingyu , Jiang Hongchi , Liu Lianxin
Published: May 2020

Tumor cells primarily utilize aerobic glycolysis for energy production, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, but the involvement of Warburg effect in liver cancer cell metastasis is not well understood. In present study, our results indicate a positive correlation between glucose metabolism level and metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also observed that a long noncoding RNA-SOX2OT (lncRNA-SOX2OT) can not only increase the metastatic potential of HCC but also promote a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated activation of glucose metabolism. Inhibition of PKM2 in HCC cells greatly compromises lncRNA-SOX2OT in promoting Warburg effect and metastasis. Furthermore, miR-122-5p was found being a direct target of lncRNA-SOX2OT in regulating PKM2 expression. Thus, our findings reveal that lncRNA-SOX2OT, a regulator of PKM2, could predispose HCC patients to metastases and may serve as a candidate for metastatic prediction and therapies in HCC patients.
Non-invasive brain stimulation for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kan Rebecca L. D. , Zhang Bella B. B. , Zhang Jack J. Q. , Kranz Georg S.
Published: May 2020

Approximately 7–9% of people develop posttraumatic stress disorder in their lifetime, but standard pharmacological treatment or psychotherapy shows a considerable individual variation in their effectiveness. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) hold promise for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. The objective of this meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence on the therapeutic effects of these brain stimulation treatments on posttraumatic core symptoms. We systematically retrieved articles published between 1st January 2000 and 1st January 2020 comparing the effects of active with sham stimulation or no intervention in posttraumatic patients from eight databases. Random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Meta-regression and subgroup meta-analysis was performed to investigate the influence of stimulation dose and different stimulation protocols, respectively. 20 studies were included in this review, where of 11 randomized controlled trials were subjected to quantitative analysis. Active stimulation demonstrated significant reductions of core posttraumatic symptoms with a large effect size (Hedge’s g = −0.975). Subgroup analysis showed that both excitatory and inhibitory rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex led to symptom reductions with a large (Hedges’ g = −1.161, 95% CI, −1.823 to −0.499; p = 0.015) and medium effect size (Hedges’ g = −0.680, 95% CI: −0.139 to −0.322; p ≤ 0.001) respectively. Results further indicated significant durability of symptom-reducing effects of treatments during a two to four weeks period post stimulation (Hedges’ g = −0.909, 95% CI: −1.611 to −0.207; p = 0.011). rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex appears to have a positive effect in reducing core symptoms in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Immune checkpoint signaling and cancer immunotherapy
Authors: He Xing , Xu Chenqi
Published: May 2020

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has become a major weapon in fighting cancer. Antibody drugs, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, demonstrate obvious advantages such as broad applicability across cancer types and durable clinical response when treatment is effective. However, the overall response rates are still unsatisfying, especially for cancers with low mutational burden. Moreover, adverse effects, such as autoimmune symptoms and tumor hyperprogression, present a significant downside in some clinical applications. These challenges reflect the urgent need to fully understand the basic biology of immune checkpoints. In this review, we discuss regulation of immune checkpoint signaling at multiple levels to provide an overview of our current understanding of checkpoint biology. Topics include the regulation of surface expression levels for known immune checkpoint proteins via surface delivery, internalization, recycling, and degradation. Upon reaching the surface, checkpoints engage in both conventionaltransand alsocisinteractions with ligands to induce signaling and regulate immune responses. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in addition to classical checkpoint blockade have recently emerged and been tested in preclinical models, providing new avenues for developing next-generation immunotherapies.
A machine learning methodology for reliability evaluation of complex chemical production systems
Authors: Zhao Fanrui , Wu Jinkui , Zhao Yuanpei , Ji Xu , Zhou Li , Sun Zhongping
Published: May 2020

In this article we propose a hybrid model (GRA-PSO-SVM-RF-MCRC) for the reliability evaluation of chemical production systems.
Fe3O4/FeS2 heterostructures enable efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Min Jie , Zheng Xingqun , Song Lele , Feng Xin , Liao Qiang , Li Jing , Li Li , Wei Zidong
Published: May 2020

Heterostructured Fe3O4/FeS2 catalysts with adjustable sulfuration degrees and variable contents of heterogeneous interfaces have been prepared via a facile in situ sulfuration route, which lead to efficient oxygen evolution reaction.
Coordination polymers for n-type thermoelectric applications
Authors: Lu Yannan , Young David James
Published: May 2020

Coordination polymers (CPs) are potential thermoelectric (TE) materials to replace the sometimes costly, brittle and toxic heavy metal inorganic TEs for near-ambient-temperature applications.
Microenvironment-sensitive iridium(iii) complexes for disease theranostics
Authors: Lu Nong , Luo Yuheng , Zhang Qianling , Zhang Pingyu
Published: May 2020

The progress in developing iridium-based probes responding to microenvironmental parameters, which play pivotal roles in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, is reported.
Structure and magnetism of a tetrahedral uranium(iii) β-diketiminate complex
Authors: Boreen Michael A. , Gould Colin A. , Booth Corwin H. , Hohloch Stephan , Arnold John
Published: May 2020

A rare tetrahedrally coordinated uranium(iii) complex supported by β-diketiminate ligands is synthesized and investigated for its magnetic properties.
Microbiological water quality in a decentralized Arctic drinking water system
Authors: Gora Stephanie L. , Anaviapik Soucie Tim , McCormick Nicole E. , Ontiveros C. Carolina , L'Hérault Vincent , Gavin Megan , Trueman Benjamin F. , Campbell Jessica , Stoddart Amina K. , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: May 2020

Drinking water samples were collected from the water source, water delivery truck, domestic water storage tanks, and at the point of use in a decentralized drinking water system in Pond Inlet, Nunavut, a predominantly Inuit community in Canada's Arctic region.
Granulation of the autochthonous planktonic bacterial community of seawater for saline wastewater treatment
Authors: Sarvajith M. , Nancharaiah Y. V.
Published: May 2020

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated from the halophilic bacterial community of seawater. This strategy utilized autochthonous bacteria for effectively removing nitrogen and phosphate from saline wastewaters.
Tailoring morphology of hierarchical catalysts for tuning pore diffusion behaviour: a rational guideline exploiting bench-top pulsed-field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Authors: Forster Luke , Lutecki Michal , Fordsmand Henrik , Yu Le , D'Agostino Carmine
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work is to develop and quantify the tuning of transport properties in porous catalytic materials by tailoring their textural properties.
Harnessing the self-assembly of peptides for the targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents
Authors: Franks Stephanie J. , Firipis Kate , Ferreira Rita , Hannan Katherine M. , Williams Richard J. , Hannan Ross D. , Nisbet David R.
Published: May 2020

Self-assembling peptide hydrogels can effectively transport, hold and release therapeutic molecules in a spatially and temporally controlled manner and, in doing so, improve anti-cancer drug efficacy while reducing non-specific toxicity.
Exploration of mechanical, thermal conductivity and electromechanical properties of graphene nanoribbon springs
Authors: Javvaji Brahmanandam , Mortazavi Bohayra , Rabczuk Timon , Zhuang Xiaoying
Published: May 2020

The superior stretchability, fine-tunable thermal conductivity and increased flexoelectric response for graphene spring design are highly attractive compared to pristine graphene.
Palladium-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of B(4,5)- or B(4)-substituted o-carboranes containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyls
Authors: Zhang Chuyi , Wang Qian , Tian Song , Zhang Jianwei , Li Jiaoyi , Zhou Ling , Lu Jian
Published: May 2020

B(4,5)- or B(4)-Substituted o-carboranes containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyls are regioselectively synthesized through a Pd-catalyzed decarboxylation cross coupling reaction.
Mn dopant induced high-valence Ni3+ sites and oxygen vacancies for enhanced water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zeng Zhiyuan , Ho Derek
Published: May 2020

Mn is demostrated as a superior dopant for oxide nanosheets, showing significantly enhanced OER activity.
Recent developments in 1,6-addition reactions of para-quinone methides (p-QMs)
Authors: Wang Jia-Yin , Hao Wen-Juan , Tu Shu-Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: May 2020

In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in this rapidly growing field by summarizing the 1,6-conjugate addition and annulation reactions of p-QMs with consideration of their mechanisms and applications.
The construction of three C–P bonds of P-stereogenic tertiary phosphines containing (l)-menthyl
Authors: Ye Jing-Jing , Yan Bing-Xia , Wang Ji-Ping , Wen Jing-Hong , Zhang Yu , Qiu Mao-Ran , Li Qiang , Zhao Chang-Qiu
Published: May 2020

A wide range of RP or SP-(l)-menthyl-containing SPOs were prepared via the reaction of 1,1′-bi(2-naphthol) derived phosphonite with a metallic reagent with excellent yield and dr.
Aqueous Cu(ii) ion adsorption by amino-functionalized mesoporous silica KIT-6
Authors: Wei Jianwen , Chen Siqi , Li Yu , He Zeyu , Geng Linlin , Liao Lei
Published: May 2020

After two-step modification, the adsorption capacity of PEI/KIT-6 for Cu2+ is significantly improved.
Self-assembly of novel Fmoc-cardanol compounds into hydrogels – analysis based on rheological, structural and thermal properties
Authors: Kadeeja Aliya , Joseph Seena , Abraham Jancy Nixon
Published: May 2020

Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl substituted cardanol derivatives self-assembled into long fibers in methanol and crosslinked to form gels in DMSO/water. The role of hydrogen-bonding, hydrophobicity, and π–π stacking in governing self-assembly and hydrogel formation is investigated.
Structural stability enables high thermoelectric performance in room temperature Ag2Se
Authors: Jood Priyanka , Chetty Raju , Ohta Michihiro
Published: May 2020

The thermoelectric performance of room temperature Ag2Se was greatly enhanced by stabilizing the crystal structure and eliminating metastability.
Graphene hetero-multilayer on layered platinum mineral jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3): van der Waals heterostructures with novel optoelectronic and thermoelectric performances
Authors: Bafekry A. , Obeid M. M. , Nguyen Chuong V. , Ghergherehchi M. , Bagheri Tagani M.
Published: May 2020

We have studied the optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of graphene hetero-multilayer on Pt2HgSe3 monolayer (PHS) heterostructures (LG/PHS) by using first-principles calculations.
On competitive gas adsorption and absorption phenomena in thin films of ionic liquids
Authors: Lapshin Dmitry N. , Jorge Miguel , Campbell Eleanor E. B. , Sarkisov Lev
Published: May 2020

The equipartition thickness provides a way to design advanced materials with task-specific surface properties and to predict their adsorption performance.
Small molecule acceptors with a ladder-like core for high-performance organic solar cells with low non-radiative energy losses
Authors: Wang Yunzhi , Liu Zhongwei , Cui Xinyue , Wang Chu , Lu Hao , Liu Yahui , Fei Zhuping , Ma Zaifei , Bo Zhishan
Published: May 2020

Three noncovalently fused-ring electron acceptors with good solubility, near-infrared absorption, and high electron mobility are precisely designed for high-efficiency OSCs.
Strain effect on the catalytic activities of B- and B/N-doped black phosphorene for electrochemical conversion of CO to valuable chemicals
Authors: Chen Zhe , Liu Xin , Zhao Jingxiang , Jiao Yan , Yin Lichang
Published: May 2020

Designed metal-free electrocatalysts combined with compressive strain can efficiently convert CO to valuable chemicals and fuels.
2-Dimensional cross-shaped tetrathienonaphthalene-based ladder-type acceptor for high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Chang Shao-Ling , Cao Fong-Yi , Huang Kuo-Hsiu , Lee Wei-Liang , Lee Meng-Hsun , Hsu Chain-Shu , Cheng Yen-Ju
Published: May 2020

Development of 2-dimensional cross-shaped ladder-type TC is promising for achieving high-performance n-type materials and the device using PBDB-T:TC-FIC:PC71BM ternary blend achieves a high efficiency of 13.5%.
The in-built bionic “MoFe cofactor” in Fe-doped two-dimensional MoTe2 nanosheets for boosting the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance
Authors: Li Hongda , Gu Shaonan , Sun Zijun , Guo Fei , Xie Yuanmiao , Tao Boran , He Xiong , Zhang Wenfeng , Chang Haixin
Published: May 2020

The bionic “MoFe cofactor” in 2D Fe–MoTe2 effectively facilitates the transport and separation of photogenerated carriers by one- and two-electron redox reactions.
Binder-free organic cathode based on nitroxide radical polymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes and gel polymer electrolyte for high-performance sodium organic polymer batteries
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Hye-Jung , Byeon Huimyoung , Kim Jeha , Yang Jung Woon , Kim Youngsik , Kim Jae-Kwang
Published: May 2020

Advanced organic polymer electrode based on PTVE-functionalized carbon nanotubes is prepared for sodium organic battery.
Unearth the understanding of interfacial engineering techniques on nano sulfur cathodes for steady Li–S cell systems
Authors: Meng Ting , Gao Jiechang , Zhu Jianhui , Li Ning , Xu Maowen , Li Chang Ming , Jiang Jian
Published: May 2020

Unearthing the understanding of interfacial engineering techniques on nano sulfur is key for building steady Li–S cell systems.
Recent advances in nanocomposite-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of toxins
Authors: Shan Hongyan , Li Xiaotong , Liu Lin , Song Daqian , Wang Zhenxin
Published: May 2020

This review highlights recent advances in nanocomposite-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of toxins with high assaying performance.
Photoactivated polyprodrug nanoparticles for effective light-controlled Pt(iv) and siRNA codelivery to achieve synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Qingfei , Kuang Gaizhen , Zhou Dongfang , Qi Yanxin , Wang Mingzhe , Li Xiaoyuan , Huang Yubin
Published: May 2020

A photoactivatable polyprodrug nanoparticle system (PPNPsiRNA) was developed for efficient light-controlled codelivery of Pt(iv) and siRNA for synergistic cancer therapy.
Transport of quasiparticles in coronene-based graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Pereira Júnior Marcelo Lopes , Enders Neto Bernhard Georg , Giozza William Ferreira , Sousa Júnior Rafael Timóteo , Silva Geraldo Magela e , Ribeiro Júnior Luiz Antônio
Published: May 2020

Time evolution of the charge density for a stable polaron in a coronene-based graphene nanoribbon.
Phase-transition-induced superior ultraviolet photodetection of a ZnO/VO2 bilayer
Authors: Xin Yun , Hu Liang , Ruan Shuangchen , Ye Zhizhen , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: May 2020

The photodetection performance of ZnO is significantly improved across the phase transition temperature of VO2.
Antimicrobial resistance: the good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Hardie Kim R.
Published: May 2020

As the Royal Society for Biology (RSB) was forming 10 years ago, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was being heralded as the next threat with a magnitude on a par with global warming. Just a few years later, in 2016, Jim O'Neill's report was published laying out recommendations for tackling drug-resistant infections globally. Where are we now, and what are the challenges ahead? As a slow burner, how will the impact of AMR compare against the recent rapid devastation of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how can we channel some of the good things that come from it (like the awareness and technique of effective hand hygiene) to help us combat AMR speedily and definitively?
The sociology of the antivaccine movement
Authors: Doustmohammadi Saba , Cherry James D.
Published: May 2020

Skepticism and misinformation relating to vaccines is not new. The benefits of all our present routinely used vaccines outweigh any risks. In relatively recent times there has been a ‘war on science' and relating to this, is the present antivaccine movement. Today, social media is a major contributor to vaccine misinformation. A recent Gallup poll noted that public support for vaccines today is significantly lower than it was in 2001. Social scientists have presented the problem of the antivaccine movement quite well; but mechanisms for addressing it are far from clear. We suggest that physicians and other health care workers should not use social media for vaccine messages. A long-term approach would be to introduce science/epidemiological education in grade school and high school as well as in college.
Achieving Participation-Focused Intervention Through Shared Decision Making: Proposal of an Age- and Disorder-Generic Framework
Authors: Baylor Carolyn , Darling-White Meghan
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health calls on speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to provide care that impacts all aspects of an individual's experience with a communication disorder, including their participation in valued life situations. However, SLPs often report feeling unprepared to implement and document interventions that target life participation. The purpose of this article is to propose a framework to guide participation-focused intervention practices. This age- and disorder-generic framework is designed to be applicable with clients across the variety of settings in which SLPs work.

Method

In this clinical focus article, we draw on past research and clinical experience to propose a restructuring of World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health components such that participation is the primary focus and outcomes indicator for intervention. In this framework, a specific communicative participation situation is identified and assessed quantitatively, and a corresponding participation-focused goal is established through shared decision making. Following that, assessments are conducted and goals are established in the areas of communication skills, physical and social environments, and personal perspectives.

Results

The proposed framework provides a concrete organizational structure as well as assessment, goal-writing, and intervention examples to assist SLPs in translating theoretical biopsychosocial frameworks into clinical practices.

Conclusions

SLPs can and do provide holistic communication services to clients to help them achieve their life participation goals. This article provides an example as to how we can document the need for, as well as the value and impact of our important work, meeting the diverse life participation needs of clients.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12360758
Pediatrician Referral Practices for Children Who Stutter
Authors: Winters Katherine L. , Byrd Courtney T.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Given the marked increase in evidence-based information regarding the nature/treatment of stuttering, coupled with the fact that pediatricians tend to be one of the initial points of contact for parents who suspect their preschool-age child may stutter, this study explored pediatricians' (a) accuracy in identifying children who may stutter and (b) likelihood of referring children who present with a profile indicative of stuttering to speech-language pathologists.

Method

Pediatricians recruited nationally through professional organizations completed a 5- to 7-min online survey that probed stuttering identification and referral practices via responses to experimental case vignettes. Each vignette featured a 4-year-old boy with a family history of stuttering whose mother reported signs of stuttering and manipulation of two factors: stuttering during the pediatrician visit (or not) and negative communication attitude (or not).

Results

Our findings suggest pediatricians' identification and referral of children who may stutter is largely prompted by observation of overt speech behaviors and/or negative communication attitude. Participants' gender, years in practice, and experience working with children who stutter did not influence likelihood of referral.

Conclusions

Results indicate pediatricians are less likely to implement a “wait and see” approach with young children who stutter today than in the past. Unlike other common child onset diagnoses, however, parent report of atypical behavior does not yield pediatrician referral to a specialist. Future education and advocacy efforts directed toward pediatricians should emphasize inclusion of factors other than direct observation of stuttering behavior that may warrant referral (e.g., parent report).
Maternal Input and Child Language Comprehension During Book Reading in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Lorang Emily , Renfus Kallie , Sterling Audra
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Communication interactions between parents and children during shared book reading impact a child's development of both language and literacy skills. This study examined maternal language input and child expressive communication during a shared book reading activity in children with Down syndrome (DS) and children with typical development (TD). Additionally, children's receptive language was examined to understand the relationship between maternal language input and child receptive language ability.

Method

Participants included 22 children with DS and 22 children with TD between 22 and 63 months of age and their mothers. Each mother–child dyad participated in a 7-min naturalistic shared book reading activity.

Results

Compared to mothers of children with TD, mothers of children with DS used significantly more utterances with less grammatical complexity, but a similar range of vocabulary diversity. Mothers of children with DS used more questions, descriptions, gestures, and labels, whereas mothers of children with TD used nearly half of their utterances to read directly from books. Children with DS communicated at a similar frequency compared to their peers with TD; however, they produced significantly fewer spoken words.

Conclusions

This study reveals important differences between early shared book reading interactions and provides implications for future research targeting parent-coached intervention strategies that may enhance children's learning during shared book reading by providing access to expressive language and print instruction.
Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the fast-dimming Crab Nebula in 60–600 MeV
Authors: Yeung Paul K. H. , Horns Dieter
Published: May 2020

Context. The Crab pulsar and its nebula are the origin of relativistic electrons which can be observed through their synchrotron and inverse Compton emission. The transition between synchrotron-dominated and inverse-Compton-dominated emissions takes place at ≈109 eV.

Aims. The short-term (lasting for one week to months) flux variability of the synchrotron emission from the most energetic electrons is investigated with data from ten years of observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope in the energy range from 60 MeV to 600 MeV.

Methods. We reconstructed the off-pulse light curve reconstructed from phase-resolved data. The corresponding histogram of flux measurements was used to identify distributions of flux-states and the statistical significance of a lower-flux component was estimated with dedicated simulations of mock light curves. The energy spectra for different flux states were also reconstructed.

Results. We confirm the presence of flaring-states which follow a log-normal flux distribution. Additionally, we discovered a low-flux state where the flux drops to as low as 18.4% of the intermediate-state average flux and remains there for several weeks. The transition time is observed to be as short as two days. The energy spectrum during the low-flux state resembles the extrapolation of the inverse-Compton spectrum measured at energies beyond several GeV energy, implying that the high-energy part of the synchrotron emission is dramatically depressed.

Conclusions. The low-flux state found here and the transition time of at most ten days indicate that the bulk (>75%) of the synchrotron emission above 108 eV originates in a compact volume with apparent angular size of θ ≈ 0″​​.4 tvar/(5 d). We tentatively infer that the so-called inner knot feature is the origin of the bulk of the γ-ray emission.