bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Sociology and Democratic Theory
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: August 2007

Sociology, as conceived by Comte, was to put an end to the anarchy of opinions characteristic of liberal democracy by replacing opinion with the truths of sociology, imposed through indoctrination. Later sociologists backed away from this, making sociology acceptable to liberal democracy by being politically neutral. The critics of this solution asked `whose side are we on?' Burawoy provides a novel justification for advocacy scholarship in sociology. Public sociology is intended to have political effects, but also to be funded by the politically neutral state. He argues that public sociology is institutionally neutral, but that committing to an organic relation with a social movement is legitimate as a matter of the sociologist's personal value choice. Although this produces side-taking sociology, by improving the case for particular standpoints it ser ves to improve democratic discussion generally, which is an appropriately neutral public aim.
Viola Klein: Forgotten Émigré Intellectual, Public Sociologist and Advocate of Women
Authors: Stina Lyon E.
Published: August 2007

This article revisits the much neglected work of Viola Klein, one of the first sociologists of women in Britain. Her contribution to sociology lies both in her innovative work on patriarchal conceptions of seemingly scientific knowledge about women, undertaken under the tutelage of Karl Mannheim, and in her empirical studies of women's changing position in the labour market. The article places her work in a biographical as well as theoretical context and raises issues about the impact of her triple marginality as a Jewish refugee to Britain, a woman in search of an academic career, and as a public sociologist in women's studies, at the time not seen as a mainstream field in sociology, nor uniformly understood by later waves of feminist theorists.
The Appalling Appeal of Nature: The Popular Influence of Evolutionary Psychology as a Problem for Sociology
Authors: Jackson Stevi , Rees Amanda
Published: August 2007

Evolutionary psychology represents a major challenge to sociology, since it claims to provide an alternative, more `objective' account of the human condition and of social problems. It receives widespread media coverage and has a firm hold on the popular imagination. In comparison, sociological accounts of society and identity play only a minor role in public debates. We argue that, as `public intellectuals', it is the responsibility of sociologists to contest these impoverished representations of social life. In order to do so successfully, it is necessary first to examine the popular appeal of evolutionary psychology, which rests on the narrative strategies employed to link human origins with contemporary social problems, and second, to take up the challenge of engaging with less reductionist scientific accounts of the potential biological basis of society.
The Women's Movement and British Journal Articles, 1950—2004
Authors: Platt Jennifer
Published: August 2007

Feminist discussion has suggested that women have been discriminated against in journal publication, and has advocated the study of women and feminist topics by women, and the use of qualitative methods. Using data on all relevant articles, this article explores the extent to which the pattern of articles by British authors in the main general British sociology journals suggests that the women's movement has made a difference on these points since 1950.
Tourism Marketing in an Era of Paradigm Shift
Authors: Li Xiang (Robert) , Petrick James F.
Published: August 2007

The present article synthesizes the latest discussion on the future paradigm of marketing. Three alternative marketing perspectives are discussed: relationship marketing, the network approach, and the service-dominant logic. Additionally, their relevance to the field of tourism marketing is highlighted. It is revealed that tourism marketing researchers have started to echo the new marketing thoughts, although in-depth conceptual exploration is still lacking. Finally, the implications of these new marketing conceptualizations on tourism research, practices, and teaching are discussed, and it is concluded that the present tourism marketing research could be improved by putting more emphasis on strategy research and conceptual thinking.
Time's Social Metaphors
Authors: Torre Ramón Ramos
Published: August 2007

The article addresses the analysis of time images furnished by a qualitative research made in Spain on the relations of working time and family/personal time. The analysis focuses on three widespread time metaphors used in day-to-day speeches by social agents. The first one is the metaphor of time as resource for action. Its value is equally economical, moral and political. Used in different context of action, it may mean something that can be either invested, donated generously to others, appropriated for caring for oneself, or spent without purpose with others. The second metaphor represents time as an external environment to which action must adapt. This metaphor shows many variants that represent time as a dynamic/static, repetitive/innovative, ordered/chaotic environment. In this external environment, the agents must resolve the problems of temporal embeddedness, hierarchy and synchronization of their actions. The third metaphor shows time as a horizon of action intentionality where the agents try to construct the meaning of their action and identity. Within this horizon the construction of a significant narrative connecting past and present experiences with future expectations is possible.
In Deadly Time
Authors: Scanlan John
Published: August 2007

This article examines the temporal dimension of waste in Henry Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor as an instance of how modernity has produced a largely hidden domain of the non-identical and indeterminate. Through a consideration of the phenomena of uselessness, decay and poverty I argue that the temporal dimension of waste is constituted as a corrosive or malign `Deadly Time'. In placing such emphasis on time directed towards death, I aim to show that Mayhew's undisciplined researches can be seen as a valuable source for understanding why modern thinking struggles to come to terms with waste.
Slowness logistics
Authors: Paché Gilles
Published: August 2007

Works conducted in logistics management mostly emphasize the importance of a `time compression' strategy to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. At the level of the design, manufacturing or distribution of products to consumers, high-speed orientation is now considered to be a universal source of performance. Drawing from current developments in the French food retailing industry, the paper points to a possible alternative path based on `slowness' logistics. This new time orientation is set in a context of the ` theatricalization of low prices' adopted by an increasing number of large retailers.
The Time Styles Scale
Authors: Usunier Jean-Claude , Valette-Florence Pierre
Published: August 2007

This article builds on previous research that has led to the development of a psychometric scale designed for capturing individual time orientations over a 15-year period. The time styles scale was initially developed in France. Cross-cultural replications of the scale were undertaken in several countries (Germany, Hong Kong, Tunisia, Vietnam), with particular emphasis on the influence of language on psychometric measurement. We demonstrate the nomological validity of the scale by reviewing research that has assessed its ability to predict values, individual activity planning, attitudes towards waiting time, as well as buying and consumption behaviour.
Selfless Time
Authors: Urien Bertrand
Published: August 2007

Time studies in psychology or in consumer behaviour, traditionally think of the personal future as a Lewinian `life space', containing several well-known time dimensions: future time perspective, future anxiety, and hope. Those dimensions are used to test the predictive power of various behaviours (attitudinal change, health behaviour, delay of gratification, etc.) or more specifically: the temporality of consumer behaviours as implied in consumption of cultural goods, exploratory consumer behaviour, or mail order purchasing. However, the personal future is flexible enough to enable individuals to project themselves well beyond this `life space' into a post-mortem future. In this context, I propose to look at the concept of death anxiety. Researchers studying the influence of time representations on human behaviour should not limit themselves to apprehending the traditional dimension of personal future; they could integrate an understanding of the future that projects us beyond physical death. This requires first a close examination of the relationships between death anxiety and the traditionally applied future dimensions, and then broadening the scope to various human and consumer behaviours still unexplained by traditionally acknowledged temporal dimensions. I first present the classical Lewinian notion of personal future, highlighting some of its aspects, to show how death anxiety is part of the personal future, and presents major behavioural impacts. Second, by using structural equation modelling, and a multi-group approach, I present an empirical study aiming to show the nature and the intensity of the links between death anxiety and the other traditionally applied dimensions.
A Proposal Concerning the Physical Rate of Dissipation of Materials with Memory: The Non-isothermal Case
Authors: Golden J.M.
Published: August 2007

It has been known for several decades that the free energy and entropy of a material with memory is not in general uniquely determined, nor is the rate of dissipation. The objective of the present work is to propose a formula for the physical free energy and rate of dissipation of a material with memory, described by a constitutive equation with linear memory terms and non-linear equilibrium contributions, under non-isothermal conditions. This is a generalization of work recently presented for the linear scalar case. This formula follows from a new physical hypothesis of Maximum Parametric Symmetry, which states that the physical free energy has the closest possible level of symmetry among the parameters of the theory to that of the work function. The final formula proposed can be expressed in simple, closed form.

It is shown that non-trivial equivalence classes of states, in the sense of Noll, exist only if the material has a relaxation function derivative, the Fourier transform of which has only isolated singularities in the complex frequency plane. The members of the family of free energies used to determine the physical free energy are all functions of such an equivalence class.
Morgenthau in Context: German Backwardness, German Intellectuals and the Rise and Fall of a Liberal Project
Authors: Shilliam Robbie
Published: August 2007

By what criteria might the human condition be considered `tragic'? In this article I argue that historically contextualizing the criteria by which Morgenthau judged the human condition to be tragic requires a sensitivity to what might be called the `international dimension' of knowledge production. Specifically, I argue that Morgenthau's tragic sense of the relation between liberal ethics and the reality of politics was constructed as a reaction to a preceding set of intellectual engagements — exemplified by the political philosophies of Georg Hegel and Max Weber — with the perceived `backward' nature of the `liberal' project in Germany in comparison to that of republican France and capitalist Britain. Through this investigation I argue that inter-societal difference is not simply an object of political theory, but at a deeper level generative in the historical construction of that thought itself. This argument has implications for Morgenthau's recent resurrection as a critical voice on the separation of ethics and politics in International Relations theory.
A Green Public Sphere in the WTO?: The Amicus Curiae Interventions in the Transatlantic Biotech Dispute
Authors: Eckersley Robyn
Published: August 2007

The WTO's decision-making model of executive multilateralism has been widely criticized for its lack of accountability to civil society. However, through the mechanism of the amicus curiae brief, nongovernment organizations and other civil society actors have found a way of directly `inserting' the public interest concerns of civil society into the dispute resolution arm of the WTO, which has proved to be more amenable to `critical public reason' than the trade negotiation arm. This article critically explores both the text and context of the amicus briefs submitted in the transatlantic biotech dispute and highlights their role in generating a green cosmopolitan public sphere that seeks more reflexive modernization and facilitates horizontal forms of regime accountability. Cosmopolitan public spheres are conceptualized as specialized, intermediary structures, with multiple strategic and communicative functions, that mediate between supra-national governance structures and regional and domestic civil societies.
Discontinuity
Authors: König Thomas
Published: August 2007

This study evaluates discontinuity induced by the two-stage law-making process of EU directives, which is discussed in the jurisprudential literature as another source of democratic deficit. Directives must be transposed into national law, but lengthy deadlines raise normative questions about the extent to which governments of today can politically and reliably commit domestic majorities of tomorrow. The potential for discontinuity is analysed using transposition data in 15 member states and preference indicators over the last 20 years. The findings reveal that parliaments are largely excluded from this process and that the preferences of the previous and the newly elected representatives often differ considerably, particularly in countries where public support for European integration has declined in recent years.
Effects of tool tilt angle on tensile strength and fracture locations of friction stir welding of polyethylene
Authors: Arici A. , Selale S.
Published: August 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tool tilt angle on friction stir welding (FSW) of polyethylene (PE). The samples were longitudinally butt welded with double passes of rotating cylindrical shouldered tool in a milling machine for different tool tilt angles. The welding parameters had significant effects on tensile properties and fracture locations of the welds. The tensile strength decreased with increasing tool tilt angle. The thickness of the welding zone decreased with increasing tool tilt angle which affects the tensile strength. The interface line between weld passes was formed shorter for the higher welding speeds because of the less effect of the frictional heat.
Hydrodynamical phenomena in the process of laser welding and cutting
Authors: Kumar N. , Dash S. , Tyagi A. K. , Raj B.
Published: August 2007

The main objective of the paper is to outline the ‘bridges’ existing between the outcomes of fundamental researches and the results of investigations in the field of industrial laser materials processing (LMP). An analysis is presented on the models based on non-stationary hydrodynamic phenomena caused by deeply penetrating high power CW laser beam into materials. This is typical of laser welding (LW) and laser cutting (LC). A physical analysis pertaining to melt removal and melt layer instability mechanisms of gas jet assisted CW–CO2 laser fusion cutting is presented. The models deliberated here are melt squeezing out by gas pressure gradient, melt dragging by the friction force between melt surface and gas flow, formation of moving shelves at the cutting front. In case of high laser intensity, radiative flux interacts with material causing dynamical thermal transport onto the surface and phase transition at solid–liquid–gas interfaces. The solution is based on the non-stationary variables. Under these conditions the Mach number varies significantly due to laser intensity associated with laser flux energy instabilities. The connection among material surface temperature, laser intensity, laser flux and pressure in the plasma cloud is brought out. In addition, novel mechanisms based on hydrodynamics are proposed.
Local melting and cracking in Al 7075-T6 and Al 2024-T3 friction stir spot welds
Authors: Gerlich A. , Yamamoto M. , North T. H.
Published: August 2007

Local melting of eutectic films and cracking is found in Al 2024 and Al 7075 alloy friction stir spot welds. Dissolution of melted films removes all evidence melted film formation in spot welds made using typical welding parameter settings. For this reason friction stir spot welding is carried out at a rapid plunge rate of 10 mm s−1 and an extremely short dwell time of 0·05 s and after tool retraction, the welded samples are rapidly quenched using a mixture of methanol and liquid nitrogen at a temperature of −80°C. Eutectic films rich in Zn and Cu are formed in Al 7075 spot welds while melted Al2CuMg particles promote the formation of α-Al+Al2CuMg eutectic films in Al 2024 spot welds. Melted eutectic formation and cracking is also observed beneath the tip of the rotating pin during Al 7075 friction stir spot welding and is consistent with the occurrence of melt wear in this location.
Signature images for arc welding fault detection
Authors: Simpson S. W.
Published: August 2007

The present work elucidates the signature image approach to welding fault detection, covering the calculation of signature image data objects from blocks of welding electrical data (voltage and current), the definition of appropriate vector operations, and the manipulation of the signatures to permit detection of welding faults. Detection of out of position welds in overlap joints is illustrated, and the relevant changes in signature features are related to the physics of the short arc welding process. Finally, it is shown how fault detection performance can be improved by optimising the way the signatures are calculated.
Involvement of E-selectin in recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in ischemic muscle
Authors: Oh Il-Young , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Hur Jin , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Tae-Youn , Lee Choon-Soo , Park Kyung-Woo , Chae In-Ho , Oh Byung-Hee , Park Young-Bae , Kim Hyo-Soo
Published: August 2007

E-selectin plays critical roles in tethering leukocytes to endothelial cells (ECs). We studied the role of E-selectin in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) homing and vasculogenesis. After ischemia, the expression of E-selectin on ECs peaked 6 to 12 hours and returned to baseline at 24 hours, whereas the level of soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in serum increased over 24 hours and remained high at day 7. Mouse bone marrow–derived EPCs expressed not only E-selectin but also its ligand. Homing of circulating EPCs to ischemic limb was significantly impaired in E-selectin knock-out mice, as well as wild-type mice pretreated with blocking antibody against E-selectin, which was rescued by local sE-selectin injection. Mechanism for this is that sE-selectin stimulated not only ECs to express ICAM-1, but also EPCs to secrete interleukin-8 (IL-8), leading to enhanced migration and incorporation to ECs capillary formation. In therapeutic aspect, local treatment with sE-selectin enhanced efficacy of EPC transplantation for vasculogenesis and salvage of ischemic limb. Conversely, when E-selectin was knocked down by E-selectin small interfering RNA, blood flow recovery after EPC transplantation was significantly impaired. But this impaired vasculogenesis was rescued by sE-selectin. In conclusion, these data demonstrate E-selectin is a pivotal molecule for EPCs' homing to ischemic limb and vasculogenesis.
Dendritic cells are specialized accessory cells along with TGF-β for the differentiation of Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells from peripheral Foxp3− precursors
Authors: Yamazaki Sayuri , Bonito Anthony J. , Spisek Radek , Dhodapkar Madhav , Inaba Kayo , Steinman Ralph M.
Published: August 2007

Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells are produced in the thymus (natural T regs) but can also differentiate from peripheral Foxp3−CD4+ precursors (induced or adaptive T regs). We assessed antigen presenting cell (APC) requirements for the latter differentiation. With added transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, both immature and mature populations of dendritic cells (DCs) induced antigen-specific Foxp3+ T regs from Foxp3− precursors. Using endogenous TGF-β, DCs from gut-associated mesenteric lymph nodes were capable of differentiating Foxp3+T regs. Spleen DCs were 100-fold more potent than DC-depleted APCs for the induction of T regs and required 10-fold lower doses of peptide antigen. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was essential, but could be provided endogenously by T cells stimulated by DCs, but not other APCs. The required IL-2 was induced by DCs that expressed CD80/CD86 costimulatory molecules. The DC-induced Foxp3+T regs divided up to 6 times in 6 days and were comprised of CD62L and CD103 positive and negative forms. The induced Foxp3+T regs exerted suppression in vitro and blocked tumor immunity in vivo. These results indicate that DCs are specialized to differentiate functional peripheral Foxp3+T regs and help set the stage to use DCs to actively suppress the immune response in an antigen-specific manner.
CD38 and ZAP-70 are functionally linked and mark CLL cells with high migratory potential
Authors: Deaglio Silvia , Vaisitti Tiziana , Aydin Semra , Bergui Luciana , D'Arena Giovanni , Bonello Lisa , Omedé Paola , Scatolini Maria , Jaksic Ozren , Chiorino Giovanna , Efremov Dimitar , Malavasi Fabio
Published: August 2007

Our interest in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) derives primarily from the exploitation of human diseases as strategic models for defining the in vivo biological roles of CD38. Using this model, we showed that CD38 triggers robust proliferation/survival signals modulated through the interactions with the CD31 ligand expressed by nurselike cells and by the stromal/endothelial components. By analyzing a cohort of 56 patients with clinically and molecularly characterized CLL, we show that (1) patients with CD38+/ZAP-70+ are characterized by enhanced migration toward Stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/CXCL12; (2) CD38 ligation leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of ZAP-70, showing that these markers are functionally linked; (3) ZAP-70 represents a limiting factor for the CD38 pathway in the CLL context, as shown by studying CD38-mediated signal transduction in 26 molecularly characterized patients; and (4) the CLL subgroup of patients defined on the basis of migratory potential is marked by a specific genetic signature, with a significant number of differentially expressed genes being involved in cell-cell interactions and movement. Altogether, the results of this work provide biological evidence for why the combined analysis of CD38 and ZAP-70 expression as determined in several clinical trials results in more dependable identification of patients with CLL who have aggressive disease.
Unexpected presence of Fagus orientalis complex in Italy as inferred from 45,000-year-old DNA pollen samples from Venice lagoon
Authors: Paffetti Donatella , Vettori Cristina , Caramelli David , Vernesi Cristiano , Lari Martina , Paganelli Arturo , Paule Ladislav , Giannini Raffaello
Published: August 2007

Background

Phylogeographic analyses on the Western Euroasiatic Fagus taxa (F. orientalis, F. sylvatica, F. taurica and F. moesiaca) is available, however, the subdivision of Fagus spp. is unresolved and there is no consensus on the phylogeny and on the identification (both with morphological than molecular markers) of Fagus Eurasiatic taxa.

For the first time molecular analyses of ancient pollen, dated at least 45,000 years ago, were used in combination with the phylogeny analysis on current species, to identify the Fagus spp. present during the Last Interglacial period in Italy.

In this work we aim at testing if the trn L-trn F chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region, that has been previously proved efficient in discriminating different Quercus taxa, can be employed in distinguishing the Fagus species and in identifying the ancient pollen.

Results

86 populations from 4 Western Euroasistic taxa were sampled, and sequenced for the trn L-trn F region to verify the efficiency of this cpDNA region in identifying the Fagus spp.. Furthermore, Fagus crenata (2 populations), Fagus grandifolia (2 populations), Fagus japonica, Fagus hayatae, Quercus species and Castanea species were analysed to better resolve the phylogenetic inference.

Our results show that this cpDNA region harbour some informative sites that allow to infer relationships among the species within the Fagaceae family. In particular, few specific and fixed mutations were able to discriminate and identify all the different Fagus species.

Considering a short fragment of 176 base pairs within the trn L intron, 2 transversions were found able in distinguishing the F. orientalis complex taxa (F. orientalis, F. taurica and F. moesiaca) from the remaining Fagus spp. (F. sylvatica, F. japonica, F. hayataea, F. crenata and F. grandifolia). This permits to analyse this fragment also in ancient samples, where DNA is usually highly degraded.

The sequences data indicate that the DNA recovered from ancient pollen belongs to the F. orientalis complex since it displays the informative sites characteristic of this complex.

Conclusion

The ancient DNA sequences demonstrate for the first time that, in contrast to current knowledge based on palynological and macrofossil data, the F. orientalis complex was already present during the Tyrrhenian period in what is now the Venice lagoon (Italy).

This is a new and important insight considering that nowadays West Europe is not the natural area of Fagus orientalis complex, and up to now nobody has hypothesized the presence during the Last Interglacial period of F. orientalis complex in Italy.
Direct cell-to-cell spread of a pathogenic yeast
Authors: Ma Hansong , Croudace Joanne E , Lammas David A , May Robin C
Published: August 2007

Background

Cryptococcosis, a fatal fungal infection of the central nervous system, is one of the major killers of AIDS patients and other immunocompromised hosts. The causative agent, Cryptococcus neoformans, has a remarkable ability to 'hide' and proliferate within phagocytic cells of the human immune system. This intracellular phase is thought to underlie the ability of the pathogen to remain latent for long periods of time within infected individuals.

Results

We now report that Cryptococcus is able to undergo 'lateral transfer' between phagocytes, moving directly from infected to uninfected macrophages. This novel process was observed in both C. neoformans serotypes (A and D) and occurs in both immortalised cell lines and in primary human macrophages. Lateral transfer is independent of the initial route of uptake, since both serum-opsonised and antibody-opsonised C. neoformans are able to undergo direct cell-to-cell transfer.

Conclusion

We provide the first evidence for lateral transfer of a human fungal pathogen. This rare event may occur repeatedly during latent cryptococcal infections, thereby allowing the pathogen to remain concealed from the immune system and protecting it from exposure to antifungal agents.
Glycosaminoglycan profiles of repair tissue formed following autologous chondrocyte implantation differ from control cartilage
Authors: Sharma Aarti , Wood Lindsay D , Richardson James B , Roberts Sally , Kuiper Nicola J
Published: August 2007

Currently, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is the most commonly used cell-based therapy for the treatment of isolated femoral condyle lesions of the knee. A small number of centres performing ACI have reported encouraging long-term clinical results, but there is currently a lack of quantitative and qualitative biochemical data regarding the nature of the repair tissue. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) structure influences physiological function and is likely to be important in the long-term stability of the repair tissue. The objective of this study was to use fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) to both quantitatively and qualitatively analyse the GAG composition of repair tissue biopsies and compare them with age-matched cadaveric controls. We used immunohistochemistry to provide a baseline reference for comparison. Biopsies were taken from eight patients (22 to 52 years old) 1 year after ACI treatment and from four cadavers (20 to 50 years old). FACE quantitatively profiled the GAGs in as little as 5 μg of cartilage. The pattern and intensity of immunostaining were generally comparable with the data obtained with FACE. In the ACI repair tissue, there was a twofold reduction in chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate compared with age-matched control cartilage. By contrast, there was an increase in hyaluronan with significantly shorter chondroitin sulphate chains and less chondroitin 6-sulphate in repair tissue than control cartilage. The composition of the repair tissue thus is not identical to mature articular cartilage.
BCoR-L1 variation and breast cancer
Authors: Lose Felicity , Arnold Jeremy , Young David B , Brown Carolyn J , Mann Graham J , Pupo Gulietta M ,   The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, Khanna Kum Kum , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Spurdle Amanda B
Published: August 2007

Introduction

BRCA1 is involved in numerous essential processes in the cell, and the effects of BRCA1 dysfunction in breast cancer carcinogenesis are well described. Many of the breast cancer susceptibility genes such as BRCA2, p53, ATM, CHEK2, and BRIP1 encode proteins that interact with BRCA1. BCL6 corepressor-like 1 (BCoR-L1) is a newly described BRCA1-interacting protein that displays high homology to several proteins known to be involved in the fundamental processes of DNA damage repair and transcription regulation. BCoR-L1 has been shown to play a role in transcription corepression, and expression of the X-linked BCoR-L1 gene has been reported to be dysregulated in breast cancer subjects. BCoR-L1 is located on the X chromosome and is subject to X inactivation.

Methods

We performed mutation analysis of 38 BRCA1/2 mutation-negative breast cancer families with male breast cancer, prostate cancer, and/or haplotype sharing around BCoR-L1 to determine whether there is a role for BCoR-L1 as a high-risk breast cancer predisposition gene. In addition, we conducted quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from the index cases from these families and a number of cancer cell lines to assess the role of BCoR-L1 dysregulation in cancer and cancer families.

Results

Very little variation was detected in the coding region, and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that BCoR-L1 expression is highly variable in cancer-free subjects, high-risk breast cancer patients, and cancer cell lines. We also report the investigation of a new expression control, DIDO1 (death inducer-obliterator 1), that is superior to GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and UBC (ubiquitin C) for analysis of expression in LCLs.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that BCoR-L1 expression does not play a large role in predisposition to familial breast cancer.
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase-1 mediates O2 signaling during development ofDictyostelium
Authors: West Christopher M. , van der Wel Hanke , Wang Zhuo A.
Published: August 2007

Development in multicellular organisms is subject to both environmental and internal signals. In Dictyostelium, starvation induces amoebae to form migratory slugs that translocate from subterranean areas to exposed sites, where they culminate to form sessile fruiting bodies. Culmination,thought to be regulated by anterior tip cells, is selectively suppressed by mild hypoxia by a mechanism that can be partially overridden by another environmental signal, overhead light, or genetic activation of protein kinase A. Dictyostelium expresses, in all cells, an O2-dependent prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H1) required for O-glycosylation of Skp1, a subunit of E3SCF-Ub-ligases. P4H1-null cells differentiate the basic pre-stalk and pre-spore cell types but exhibit a selectively increased O2requirement for culmination, from ∼12% to near or above ambient (21%)levels. Overexpression of P4H1 reduces the O2 requirement to<5%. The requirement for P4H1 can be met by forced expression of the active enzyme in either pre-stalk (anterior) or pre-spore (posterior) cells, or replaced by protein kinase A activation or addition of small numbers of wild-type cells. P4H1-expressing cells accumulate at the anterior end,suggesting that P4H1 enables transcellular signaling by the tip. The evidence provides novel genetic support for the animal-derived O2-sensor model of prolyl 4-hydroxylase function, in an organism that lacks the canonical HIFα transcriptional factor subunit substrate target that is a feature of animal hypoxic signaling.
Ozone laminae inside the Antarctic vortex produced by poleward filaments
Authors: Moustaoui M. , Teitelbaum H. , Valero F. P. J.
Published: August 2007

Ozone soundings made inside the Antarctic ozone hole exhibit localized ozone increases within thin layers in the lower stratosphere. These structures, called laminae, are explained as poleward filaments emerging from the vortex edge and transporting relatively ozone‐rich air into levels above the geographical site where the sounding equipment has been launched. It is shown that the interior of the Antarctic vortex is not completely isolated with respect to the poleward air mixing. Filament development follows the occurrence of inward breaking near the vortex edge in a region where isentropes are locally uplifted. It is shown that the circulation associated with such uplift may produce the poleward breaking. The role of that circulation is supported by simple barotropic simulations where development of a poleward filament is reproduced in a realistic circular undisturbed vortex. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Factoring the adjoint and maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over the generic determinant
Authors: Buchweitz Ragnar-Olaf , Leuschke Graham J
Published: August 2007

A question of Bergman asks whether the adjoint of the generic square matrix over a field can be factored nontrivially as a product of square matrices. We show that such factorizations indeed exist over any coefficient ring when the matrix has even size. Establishing a correspondence between such factorizations and extensions of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules over the generic determinant, we exhibit all factorizations where one of the factors has determinant equal to the generic determinant. The classification shows not only that the Cohen–Macaulay representation theory of the generic determinant is wild in the tame-wild dichotomy, but that it is quite wild: even in rank two, the isomorphism classes cannot be parametrized by a finite-dimensional variety over the coefficients. We further relate the factorization problem to the multiplicative structure of the Ext–algebra of the two nontrivial rank-one maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules and determine it completely.
Harmonic maps and constant mean curvature surfaces in H 2 x R
Authors: Fernández Isabel , Mira Pablo
Published: August 2007

We introduce a hyperbolic Gauss map into the Poincar´e disk for any surface in H2×R with regular vertical projection, and prove that if the surface has constant mean curvature H = 1/2, this hyperbolic Gauss map is harmonic. Conversely, we show that every nowhere conformal harmonic map from an open simply connected Riemann surface Σ into the Poincaré disk is the hyperbolic Gauss map of a two-parameter family of such surfaces. As an application we obtain that any holomorphic quadratic differential on Σ can be realized as the Abresch-Rosenberg holomorphic differential of some, and generically infinitely many, complete surfaces with H = 1/2 in H2 x R. A similar result applies to minimal surfaces in the Heisenberg group Nil3. Finally, we classify all complete minimal vertical graphs in H2 × R.
p -adic multiple zeta values II. Tannakian interpretations
Authors: Furusho Hidekazu
Published: August 2007

We establish a Tannakian formalism of p-adic multiple polylogarithms and p-adic multiple zeta values introduced in our previous paper via a comparison isomorphism between a de Rham fundamental torsor and a rigid fundamental torsor of the projective line minus three points and also discuss its Hodge and étale analogues. As an application we give a way to erase log poles of p-adic multiple polylogarithms and introduce overconvergent p-adic multiple polylogarithms which might be p-adic multiple analogue of Zagier's single-valued complex polylogarithms.
Conformal metrics with prescribed curvature functions on manifolds with boundary
Authors: Guan Bo
Published: August 2007

We study the Dirichlet problem for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations related to conformal deformations of metrics on Riemannian manifolds with boundary. As a consequence we prove the existence of a conformal metric, given its value on the boundary as a prescribed metric conformal to the (induced) background metric, with a prescribed curvature function of the Schouten tensor.
Generalizations of the Carleson-Hunt theorem I. The classical singularity case
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Muscalu Camil
Published: August 2007

In this article, we prove Lp estimates for a general maximal operator, which extend both the classical Coifman-Meyer and Carleson-Hunt theorems in harmonic analysis.
Automorphism-invariant representations of real reductive groups
Authors: Mezo Paul
Published: August 2007

We characterize representations of a connected real reductive group which are invariant under an automorphism of finite order. The intertwining operators constructed in this characterization are then used to prove a Paley-Wiener theorem for a class of real reductive groups twisted by involutions.
Pseudo-Markov systems and infinitely generated Schottky groups
Authors: Stratmann Bernd O , Urbaʹnski Mariusz
Published: August 2007

In this paper we extend the theory of conformal graph directed Markov systems to what we call conformal pseudo-Markov systems. These systems may have a countable infinite set of edges and, unlike graph directed Markov systems, they may also have a countable infinite set of vertices. Our first goal is to develop suitable symbolic dynamics, which we then use to analyze conformal pseudo-Markov systems by giving extensions of various aspects of the thermodynamic formalism and of fractal geometry. Most important, by establishing the existence of a unique conformal measure along with its invariant version, we obtain a generalization of Bowen's formula concerning the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of a conformal pseudo-Markov system. Here, we also obtain an interesting formula for the closure of the limit set. Finally, we give some applications of our analysis to the theory of Kleinian groups. We show that there exists a rather exotic class of infinitely generated Schottky groups of the second kind (acting on (d + 1)-dimensional hyperbolic space), containing groups with limit sets of Hausdorff dimension equal to any given number t ≤ d, whereas their Poincar´e exponent can be less than any given positive number s t. Moreover, we show that the dissipative part of the limit sets of these groups has further interesting properties.
Compactifications of subvarieties of tori
Authors: Tevelev Jenia
Published: August 2007

We study compactifications of subvarieties of algebraic tori defined by imposing a sufficiently fine polyhedral structure on their non-archimedean amoebas. These compactifications have many nice properties, for example any k boundary divisors intersect in codimension k. We consider some examples including M0,n ⊂ M0,n (and more generally log canonical models of complements of hyperplane arrangements) and compact quotients of Grassmannians by a maximal torus.
Graduate Student Involvement: Socialization for the Professional Role
Authors: Gardner Susan K , Barnes Benita J
Published: August 2007

Undergraduate student involvement has been linked to retention and satisfaction (Astin, 1993; Tinto, 1993); however, no empirical research has yet been conducted on the outcomes of involvement at the graduate level. We interviewed 10 doctoral students in higher education in order to explore graduate student involvement, finding that it is not only markedly different from undergraduate involvement, but that it is an integral part of the socialization process for the future profession.
Minority-Related Stressors and Coping Processes Among African American College Students
Authors: Greer Tawanda M , Chwalisz Kathleen
Published: August 2007

This study is an investigation of stress and coping among African American students at a predominantly White college/university (PWCU) and a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) and their relationship to academic performance. Participants were 203 African American students (101 from a mid-size predominantly White midwestern state university and 102 from an HBCU located on the East Coast). Perceived stress, minority status stress, and coping behaviors were measured. Multivariate comparisons revealed that African American students on the PWCU campus experienced higher levels of minority status stressors compared to their counterparts at the HBCU. Participants from both universities were generally similar in their use of coping strategies and in their levels of overall perceived stress. An exploratory model and an alternate model of stress and coping processes were tested. Both models highlight the unique contribution of minority status stressors to academic performance.
Student Involvement and Institutional Commitment to Diversity as Predictors of Native American Student Learning
Authors: Lundberg Carol A
Published: August 2007

Using a national sample (n = 643) of Native American students who took the College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ), the researcher identified how student involvement and institutional commitment to diversity predicted student learning. Native American students reported higher levels of learning when the institution's commitment to diversity was strong and when students were frequently engaged in discussion with others, particularly when that discussion required students to synthesize and integrate information from various sources. Suggestions are made for student affairs efforts to boost institutional emphasis on diversity and to increase frequency of peer discussion.
The Public Identity Work of Evangelical Christian Students
Authors: Moran Christy D
Published: August 2007

As part of a larger investigation into the experiences of 25 evangelical Christian student leaders at two public universities, students were interviewed to determine how they conceptualized their religious identity as well as how that dimension of their identity impacted their roles and responsibilities as students. Results suggest that the public identity work of these students may involve two interrelated, yet distinct, processes: identity revelation and "identity authentication."
Outcomes for Students of Student Affairs-Academic Affairs Partnership Programs
Authors: Nesheim Becki Elkins , Guentzel Melanie J , Kellogg Angela H , McDonald William M. , Wells Cynthia A , Whitt Elizabeth J
Published: August 2007

Although academic and student affairs partnership programs have been cited as potential means to create seamless learning environments for undergraduate students, little research exists on the outcomes of such programs for students. The Boyer Partnership Assessment Project examined the outcomes for students participating in academic and student affairs partnership programs at 18 institutions. Four categories of student outcomes were identified: acclimation to the institution, engagement, student learning, and academic and career decisions. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The Effects of Heavy Episodic Alcohol Use on Student Engagement, Academic Performance, and Time Use
Authors: Porter Stephen R. , Pryor John
Published: August 2007

Alcohol use literature has linked heavy episodic alcohol use and academic consequences, but has not examined the influence of such use on student engagement. This study uses survey data from over 40,000 students at 28 selective private colleges and universities to examine the connection between heavy episodic alcohol use and engagement. The strongest negative effects of heavy episodic drinking are on student–faculty interaction, with these effects most common at research universities and less common at coed colleges and women's colleges.
Current Issues in Global Warming and Mitigation Efforts: Focus on California
Authors: Cox Helen M.
Published: August 2007

Global warming is almost certainly the most important problem addressed by the atmospheric community today and has recently become one of the hottest on the political agenda. Because it is such a vast and complex problem, the majority of atmospheric researchers are carrying out investigations on some aspect of it. The results of these studies are assimilated in computer-intensive global circulation models to simulate the earth's climate. Despite such intensive efforts, there is still much contention over the nature and degree of global warming, over long-term climate prediction, and over the implementation of mitigating measures. In this paper, I review the scientific basis for global warming, present outstanding issues in climate modeling, and examine the reasons for the uncertainty in future predictions. Global impacts—those on California in particular—are discussed together with the measures that have been taken worldwide and at the state level to combat it.
Concrete Babylon: Life Between the Stars: To Dwell and Consume (with)in the Fold(s) of Hollywood, CA
Authors: Curti Giorgio Hadi , Davenport John , Jackiewicz Ed
Published: August 2007

In this paper, we utilize Martin Heidegger's notion of dwelling and juxtapose it with an examination of touristic consumption in order to elucidate the effects the consumption of place has on the lives of those directly involved—tourists and residents. Hollywood, California, serves as the empirical focus of this study. Here, we discuss how a popular imagination—fueled by an assemblage of emotion, thought, and perception—has come today to dominate the purpose(s) and trajectories of this space/place. To illustrate this, we show how recent gentrification projects—particularly the entertainment and shopping complex we call Concrete Babylon—attempt to actualize and validate this imagination through building(s) for consumption to the detriment of dwelling; the politics, ethics, and real-life effects of which are often largely overlooked or simply ignored.
The Hottest and Coldest Places in the Conterminous United States
Authors: King Guy
Published: August 2007

National Weather Service data published in USA Today are used to analyze daily hottest and coldest places in the lower 48 states. The dataset of national weather stations is restricted by population and elevation. Between 1995 and 2005, 264 places in the lower 48 states got the daily hottest record, while 364 places got the coldest record. Death Valley, California, had the highest number of hottest days (803). Stanley, Idaho, had the highest number of coldest days (398). The top coldest and hottest places were then climatically compared to other extreme weather stations in the conterminous United States using data compiled by the Midwest Regional Climate Center. The locations of hot and cold places vary considerably depending on what climate measure is used to determine mean temperatures. Death Valley has the highest mean July maximum temperature in the nation. If mean yearly maximum temperature is used, Death Valley ties with Lake Havasu City, Arizona, for being the hottest place. Key West, Florida, has the highest mean yearly temperature. For the coldest place in the conterminous United States, Darwin Ranch, Wyoming, gets the title if mean yearly minimum temperature is used. Tower, Minnesota, has the lowest mean January minimum temperature. Mount Washington, New Hampshire, has the lowest mean yearly temperature in the conterminous United States. The results of this study show that there is no single place in the conterminous United States that can claim to be the hottest or the coldest.