bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and emulsification properties of polyglyceryl estolides prepared from fatty acids
Authors: Hoong Seng Soi , Mohd Zan Arniza , Nek Mat Din Nik Siti Mariam , Abu Hassan Noor Armylisas , Tang Sook Wah , Ahmad Norashikin , Tuan Ismail Tuan Noor Maznee , Azizul Hasan Zafarizal Aldrin
Published: July 2024

Polyglyceryl polyricinoleate (PGPR) is an emulsifier produced by esterification of polyricinoleic acid and polyglycerol. Polyricinoleic acid is derived from ricinoleic acid, which is expensive compared to other fatty acids. Therefore, analogues of polyricinoleic acid should be made from less expensive fatty acids, such as oleic acid. Therefore, oleic acid was converted to polyhydroxy estolide (PE) by a reaction with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The PE was used as a substitute for polyricinoleic acid to produce PGPR analogues by direct esterification with polyglycerol and various fatty acids. The direct reaction between polyglycerol and PE produced a polyglyceryl estolide (PGE) with high viscosity and hydroxyl value, which limited its suitability as an emulsifier for the isopropyl myristate (IPM) and water system. Conversely, PGE prepared from lauric acid, polyglycerol and PE showed lower viscosity and hydroxyl value, resulting in a broad region of emulsion stability on a phase diagram when evaluated as a water-in-oil emulsifier for the IPM/water system. Similarly, other PGE made with oleic acid also displayed good emulsion stability for systems with higher IPM concentrations. In contrast, PGE prepared with stearic acid was a semi-solid at room temperature. Most of the prepared PGEs showed promising potential as emulsifiers for water-in-oil emulsions.
Unveiling the Potential of Learning Analytics in Learning Design: Theoretical Implications for General Education
Authors: Kesylė Kamilė , Melnikova Julija
Published: July 2024

The article seeks to explore the possibilities of learning analytics in the improvement of learning design in general education. Hence,
it aims to describe key components of learning analytics and address its advantages and some limitations in education, as well as to
depict the most common learning design models. Theoretical analysis helped to reveal how learning analytics can provide teachers
with valuable insights into student engagement, progress and learning outcomes. By taking into account students’ data on interaction
with course materials, teachers can identify areas for improvement, and make data-informed decisions on pedagogical strategies. The
implications of the article highlight the most common practices on how learning analytics can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of
the learning design, address weaknesses in teaching-learning process, predict course completion rates by identifying student profiles,
etc. The theoretical implications allow for presupposing that the synergy of learning analytics and learning design could serve the
improvement of the quality of general education.
Toughness Characteristics of Microfiber-Based Geopolymer Concrete Voided Slabs under Soft Impact
Authors: Bhuvaneshwari Panchanatham , Suchitra Bodu , Divya Ramachandran
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to experimentally and numerically analyze voided geopolymer concrete slabs applied with soft impact through a drop-hammer impact setup. Six slabs (600 mm ×600 mm × 115 mm) were cast using geopolymer concrete. Two were cast as solid slabs and the remaining four slabs were cast as voided slabs by placing a 70 mm diameter spherical void formers in two different patterns. Two patterns of void formers are followed as 70 mm void former at 240 mm spacing and 70 mm void former at 120 mm spacing. Micro steel fiber at a dosage of 1 % by volume fraction was added in companion specimens in each case. The placing of void former reduced the self-weight of the slabs by 6 % and 12.6 %, respectively, compared to solid slabs. The soft impact was achieved by releasing a 4.5 kg steel ball from a fall height of 0.457 m in a fabricated soft impact test frame. A similar soft impact test was accomplished numerically using the analysis system (ANSYS) workbench. Parametric analysis shows that when compared to fiber-reinforced solid slabs, the impact resistance of fiber-reinforced voided slabs with 70 mm void former at 240 mm was enhanced. The enhancement percentage for energy absorption, ductility index, and ultimate crack resistance were 34.05 %, 55.26 %, and 9.68 %, respectively. The fiber-reinforced voided slabs were also found to be economical and sustainable with reduced CO2 emission and embodied energy.
A Review on Formability and Damage Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Composites during Upsetting
Authors: Ramakrishnan Tharmaraj , Maharajan Joseph Davidson , Raveendran Jeremiah
Published: July 2024

Formability is the measure of deformity a workpiece can endure from the created stresses inside the substance before the crack event. The investigation of the formability of powder metallurgy (PM) parts plays an essential role in the metalworking industries because of their needs in engineering applications to examine the end product’s performance. In the upsetting of PM materials, the formability depends on various factors such as preform relative density, percentages of reinforcement added in the material, size of particles, the geometry of the preforms, and friction between the workpiece and the die because of their changes in the mechanical and physical properties. Also, in the compression of PM samples, the damage/fracture occurs in the outer region of the components because of a higher amount of stresses and pores that could affect the damage limit of the material. Hence, the formability and damage analysis of PM components is critical for the industrial engineer to understand the significance of the variables that could help design a suitable application process. In this regard, this review focuses on the basics of PM technique, and upsetting process, formability, and damage characteristics of PM materials and methods to improve the formability and fracture behavior of PM components in the upsetting process are stated clearly.
Effect of Rock Lithology and Reloading Direction on Rock Stress Memory
Authors: Ma Chun-de , Zhang Jun-jie , Tan Guan-shuang , Yang Wen-yuan , Liu Ze-lin
Published: July 2024

The Kaiser effect (KE), as a presentation of rock stress memory, has been widely used in in situ stress measurement because of its convenience and economy. However, the influence of rock lithology and directionality on the KE have not been answered yet. To solve this question, three-stage loading Brazilian tests were conducted on three types of rock disks in this study. The specimens were rotated with a certain rotation angle θ (5°–90°) before the third-stage loading, and the jump point method and bilinear regression method were selected to recognize the Kaiser points. The results suggested that significant KE occurred in the three rock materials under the Brazilian test and that the KE directionality of rocks with different lithology varies greatly. The KE gradually fails as the rotation angle increases. The critical angles of granite, marble, and sandstone are 13°, 60°, and 5°, respectively. Besides, the directionality of the KE is closely related to the distribution of microcracks inside the rock and the critical stress of crack propagation. This study could provide a reference for experimental design and error analysis of in situ stress measurement by the acoustic emission method in civil and geotechnical engineering.
Eccentric Compression Performance of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel-Reconstituted Bamboo Composite Columns
Authors: Zhang Xiuhua , Zhang Qiaoling , Zeng Ziyan
Published: July 2024

To investigate the eccentric compression performance of cold-formed thin-walled steel-reconstituted bamboo (CTS-RB) composite columns, 14 specimens were tested under eccentric compression conditions. The parameters included section steel type, thickness of reconstituted bamboo (RB) plates, slenderness ratio, and eccentricity. The study analyzed the observed damage modes and eccentric compression performance of the specimens and investigated the bearing capacity and deformation capacity. It was indicated that the composite of RB and cold-formed thin-walled steel (CTS), connected by self-tapping screws and structural adhesive to form an integrated column, has produced acceptable results. The bearing capacity of the test specimen is influenced significantly by the eccentricity. On this basis, a finite element model is created that considers nonlinearities in material, geometry, and contact. The finite element calculations show good agreement with experimental results, with an error rate within 17 %, which validates the feasibility of using finite element methods. Moreover, the paper thoroughly examines the effects of slenderness ratio and eccentricity on the load carrying capacity of the composite column. This study presents the data fitting of the eccentricity coefficient and the slenderness ratio coefficient in the formulas of the yield and bending capacity of the composite columns, and the obtained theoretical calculations have an error of less than 16 % with the experiment, which is applicable to the prediction of the load bearing capacity of the composite columns.
Crashworthy Behavior of Multilayered and Multitubular Glass/Epoxy Fiber Reinforced Composite Tube with Different Helical Overlap Configurations
Authors: Kureel Saurabh , V. Murari
Published: July 2024

For using composite tubes as irreversible energy absorbers, it is essential to understand the importance of tube architecture and geometry that influence their energy-absorbing properties. To this end, this study concentrates on the experimental investigation of crashworthy responses of composite tubes with different combination of helical overlap portions arranged in multilayered and multitubular forms, subjected to axial impact crushing (drop weight impact). Multilayered and multitubular composite tubes are made in such a way that each layer/tube has a different helical overlap configuration. Three helical overlap configurations considered are ‘no overlap,’ ’quarter overlap,’ and ‘half overlap.’ The effects of different arrangements of helical overlap portions on the response of the test specimens are examined and parameters such as mean crushing load, energy absorption, specific energy absorption, and crush load efficiency are determined. Further, the responses are compared with the responses of tubes having conventional winding (straight wound) of similar dimensions. The damage and failure mechanisms found in different cases are studied and compared. This study presents the importance of combining different helical overlap configurations and arranging them in multilayered and multitubular forms for achieving progressive crushing as well as tailored energy absorption properties.
Perineuronal Nets in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex Alter Hippocampal–Prefrontal Oscillations and Reshape Cocaine Self-Administration Memories
Authors: Wingert Jereme C. , Ramos Jonathan D. , Reynolds Sebastian X. , Gonzalez Angela E. , Rose R. Mae , Hegarty Deborah M. , Aicher Sue A. , Bailey Lydia G. , Brown Travis E. , Abbas Atheir I. , Sorg Barbara A.
Published: July 2024

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a major contributor to relapse to cocaine in humans and to reinstatement in rodent models of cocaine use disorder. The output from the mPFC is potently modulated by parvalbumin (PV)-containing fast–spiking interneurons, the majority of which are surrounded by perineuronal nets. We previously showed that treatment with chondroitinase ABC (ABC) reduced the consolidation and reconsolidation of a cocaine conditioned place preference memory. However, self-administration memories are more difficult to disrupt. Here we report in male rats that ABC treatment in the mPFC attenuated the consolidation and blocked the reconsolidation of a cocaine self-administration memory. However, reconsolidation was blocked when rats were given a novel, but not familiar, type of retrieval session. Furthermore, ABC treatment prior to, but not after, memory retrieval blocked reconsolidation. This same treatment did not alter a sucrose memory, indicating specificity for cocaine-induced memory. In naive rats, ABC treatment in the mPFC altered levels of PV intensity and cell firing properties. In vivo recordings from the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) during the novel retrieval session revealed that ABC prevented reward-associated increases in high-frequency oscillations and synchrony of these oscillations between the dHIP and mPFC. Together, this is the first study to show that ABC treatment disrupts reconsolidation of the original memory when combined with a novel retrieval session that elicits coupling between the dHIP and mPFC. This coupling after ABC treatment may serve as a fundamental signature for how to disrupt reconsolidation of cocaine memories and reduce relapse.
DEVELOPING TEACHING MATERIALS FOR LISTENING FOR GENERAL PURPOSES SUBJECT
Authors: Hustarna Hustarna , Masbirorotni Masbirorotni
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTListening for General Purposes is one of the compulsory subjects in the English study program at one of the public universities in Indonesia. In the teaching and learning process, the lecturers often find difficulties in finding appropriate materials that fit the curriculum and students' interests. This research aimed to develop teaching materials for the Listening for general Purposes subject. The developed teaching materials were in the form of a textbook with attractive videos. The topics were selected based on the characteristics of the students and the result of the needs analysis questionnaire. This research employed a Research and Development design based on the theory developed by Borg and Gall (1983). The result of the research is a listening textbook with attractive videos. With such a textbook, it is hoped that the lecturers teaching Listening for General Purposes will no longer find it difficult to teach this subject. Besides, videos are hoped to encourage students to be more active in the teaching and learning process. The developed product is expected to also be used by other lecturers teaching listening in other universities when the result of the implementation of the product yields positive results in further research. ABSTRAKListening for General Purposes adalah salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang dicantumkan dalam kurikulum program studi Bahasa Inggris di salah satu universitas negeri di Indonesia. Dalam proses pembelajaran, dosen sering menemukan kesulitan dalam mendapatkan bahan ajar yang menarik dan sesuai dengan kurikulum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar untuk mata kuliah Listening for General Purposes. Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan berupa buku teks yang dilengkapi dengan video-video menarik. Pilihan topik pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan karakteristik mahasiswa dan berdasarkan hasil angket analisis kebutuhan yang diberikan ke partisipan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian Riset dan Pengembangan berdasarkan teori Borg dan Gall (1983). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah buku listening yang dilengkapi dengan video. Dengan adanya buku teks tersebut diharapkan dosen yang mengajar Listening for General Purposes tidak lagi menemui kesulitan dalam menentukan bahan ajar yang akan digunakan. Di samping itu, video-video yang digunakan diharapkan bisa mendorong mahasiswa untuk lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran listening tersebut.How to Cite: Hustarna, Masbirorotni. (2023). Developing Teaching Materials for Listening for General Purposes Subject. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 389-408. doi:10.15408/ijee.v10i2.32202.
Teacher as Designer: A Shifting Role After Pandemic
Authors: Muliyah Pipit , Aminatun Dyah , Hakim Lystiana Nurhayat
Published: July 2024

The field of education has experienced significant changes due to technological advancements. In response to these changes, online learning has become a popular teaching mode. The COVID-19 pandemic has made online learning a mandatory approach to education. Therefore, a variety of online learning tools have been developed for use. The primary goal of this research was to explore the viewpoints of educators regarding the implementation of digital media for English language teaching amid the pandemic. This research focused on investigating the challenges and the best practices experienced by Junior High School teachers when designing EFL online learning. Three English teachers were taken as participants. Moreover, a qualitative research method was utilized. Semi-structured interviews and observation were used to collect the data, and descriptive analysis was chosen as the data analysis technique. The findings revealed that the challenges faced by teachers were their difficulties in designing effective online teaching and learning plans. In addition, the best practices experienced by the teachers and students when running virtual learning were using digital media, such as Google Classroom, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Since they were readily available, digital media facilitated students' participation in learning the English language.
Uncovering Social Media Preference of Non-EFL/ESL Students in English Learning at Higher Education
Authors: Yani Muhammad , Palanee Matthuri , Subramaniam Barathimani , Wathoni Nur Ilmi , Aiza Izatul
Published: July 2024

Social media, an Internet-based technology, enables students to receive and share information, leading to an upsurge in English learning. Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube are some of the most popular social networking apps for students. Thus, the present research was conducted to expose non-EFL/ESL university students' preferences in learning English. A mixed-method research design was used to process the research, and an open-ended questionnaire (Quanti) and semi-structured interview (Quali) were employed. Using purposive sampling, 77 students participated voluntarily, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The finding revealed that YouTube was the most preferred among other platforms, TikTok was the second most favourable, followed by Instagram, and Facebook was the least. The preferences were determined according to the enjoyment, system quality, information quality, interactivity, perceived usefulness and satisfaction with the applications. The present research is beneficial as evidence for an upcoming study comparing the effectiveness of these social media platforms for future English education, especially the features and exploring the users' belief in utilizing the devices.
Barriers and Strategies in Implementing Innovative and Collaborative Learning: A Case of Indonesian English Language Teaching
Authors: Bachtiar Bachtiar , Puspitasari Maya
Published: July 2024

Current educational theories and studies emphasize the need to use innovative and collaborative approaches to improve student’s learning experience, especially in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). This study explores the obstacles and strategies for using these teaching approaches in the Indonesian ELT context. The research used mixed methods with a convergent parallel design. The questionnaires were used to gather data from 42 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers, while semi-structured interviews were done with 6 teachers to explore their perspectives and experiences. The research was conducted in one district in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. The significant findings emphasize the critical impact of innovative and collaborative learning on improving students’ learning outcomes. The results also found obstacles that impede innovative and collaborative actual use, such as inadequate resources, teacher reluctance, and lack of appropriate teacher professional development. This research has potential implications beyond Indonesia and provides significant insights and suggestions for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in comparable EFL situations globally to promote creative and collaborative learning environments.
L'urbanisme en tant qu'élément de la stratégie de « bestsellerisation » du genre paralittéraire : le cas de Guillaume Musso
Authors: Voždová Marie
Published: July 2024

The article deals with a widespread cultural phenomenon of contemporary French popular literature, the modern crime novel best-seller. Using the example of the novel L’Appel de l’ange by the currently successful French author Guillaume Musso, it defines the best-seller procedures by which the success of the work is achieved on the international book market. These include a well constructed criminal story, tension, a love relationship, period clichés and paratextual elements. However, of all the components of bestsellerization to which the author tends, it is precisely urbanism that is understood and studied as the basic element that contains all the others. The city landscape is in perpetual motion where all modern means of transport come into action and reanimate the urban territory. The emphasis on the location of the work represents one of the reasons for its success on the market. Musso appropriates the places of megacities and transcribes the mode of their representation and perception. The space of the city envelops the destinies of the characters and hides the crime. The article offers a geopoetic look at these crime scenes in the world of Guillaume Musso.
Wirkungsorientierte Kommunikation
Authors: Siegfried Dr. Doreen
Published: July 2024

Dieser Artikel erläutert die Herausforderungen, Ziele und Chancen einer wirkungsorientierten Kommunikation für Bibliotheken am Beispiel der ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft. Der Artikel beschreibt, wie die ZBW daran arbeitet, ihre Wahrnehmung als kompetenter Partner und Förderer von Open Science für ihre Zielgruppe der Wirtschaftswissenschaftler*innen zu stärken. Weiterhin zeigt der Artikel den Weg von den Herausforderungen und Zielen zu den konkreten Kommunikationsaktivitäten und der Evaluation der wirkungsorientierten Kommunikationsarbeit.
Anspruchsvolle Regeln für vertrauenswürdige Künstliche Intelligenz
Authors: Verch Prof. Dr. Ulrike
Published: July 2024

Kurz vor Ende der aktuellen Legislaturperiode des Europäischen Parlaments wurde die neue KI-Verordnung verabschiedet, über deren Ausgestaltung die Europäische Kommission lange mit den Mitgliedsstaaten und dem EU-Parlament debattiert hat. Allerdings gelten die im Gesetz normierten Vorschriften noch nicht sofort mit Inkrafttreten, sondern werden erst schrittweise im Laufe der nächsten drei Jahre Geltung erlangen. Die Grundprinzipien des KI-Gesetzes und seine wichtigsten Bestimmungen werden im Beitrag vorgestellt und dabei auch die Auswirkungen auf Wissenschaft und Hochschulen in den Blick genommen.
The Origin of French Fries
Authors: Hess Karen
Published: July 2024

Here is a further instalment deriving from Karen Hess’ researches on the domestic manuscripts of Thomas Jefferson at Montecello, in this case investigating the popular notion that french fries should be included among the third US president's gifts to posterity. It includes several historical recipes for fried potatoes as well as etymological evidence related to early references to potato.
Daniel Wing and Alan Scott: The Bread Builders. Hearth Loaves and Masonry Ovens
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

Daniel Wing and Alan Scott: The Bread Builders. Hearth Loaves and Masonry Ovens: Chelsea Green Publishing Co., White River Junction, Vermont, 1999: ISBN 1-890132-05-5: 253 pp., many drawings and photographs, p/b, $35, approx. £35.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Visual Cues for Controlling Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: Ostapets Y. D.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The study aims to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of using visual cues, namely ARToolKitPlus, ArUco markers and two-dimensional QR (quick response code) codes in the tasks of localizing unmanned vehicles (UVs) indoors. Methodology. To enable the implementation of the processes of localization and perception of unmanned vehicles based on visual marks (markers), the structure of the visual marks processing subsystem has been developed. An algorithm for the combined use of three types of visual markers – ARToolKitPlus, ArUco markers and QR codes – for localizing unmanned vehicles and identifying cargo is proposed using the example of an online store warehouse scenario. To conduct experiments on the markers, we chose a hardware and software tool such as the JeVois-A33 smart machine vision camera with the JeVois Markers Combo software module and the JeVois Inventor graphical interface. Findings. An experimental study of the possibility of correct recognition of visual marks for indoor working conditions was carried out. As a result of a series of experiments, the possibilities of correct recognition of visual marks such as ArUco, ARToolKitPlus markers and QR codes during scanning at right angles to the camera at a distance ranging from 0.3 to 2 meters were determined. Originality. The study obtained the probabilities of correct recognition of ArUco, ARToolKitPlus markers and two-dimensional QR codes in the conditions of localization of unmanned vehicles indoors. Practical value. The obtained results of the study can be used to create, simulate, and analyze the effectiveness of algorithms for localizing and perceiving unmanned vehicles indoors using appropriate visual markers. The proposed generalized structure of the visual marker processing subsystem of the localization and perception system can be used in the development of unmanned vehicle control systems.
Bearing Steel Structures for Installation of Railway Strain Gauge Scales
Authors: Klochko L. I.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The main purpose of the publication is to compare the main technical and economic indicators of the two proposed structural variants of the support system for railway strain gauge scales for four-axle wide gauge railcars. This is due to the need to reconstruct and modernize the fixed assets of an industrial enterprise, in particular, to overhaul and replace old railway scales with modern electronic strain gauge scales. Also, the purpose of the work is related to the need to expand the range of railway cars for which the possibility of weighing is provided, including transport units of the foreign car fleet. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the modern types of railroad cars for freight transportation, determined the main components of strain gauge scales for weighing the main types of cars, and developed a special support system to support the scale platform. The support system is provided in two design variants - with one spatial support frame and two separate flat support frames. Using the domestic design and computing complex SCAD, we built finite element models for both proposed design options. Based on the analysis of their stress-strain state, rational cross-sections were selected for each structural element, and the total mass was determined. Findings. A comparative analysis of the two developed structural solutions for the support system for modern railway strain gauges has revealed that the variant with two separate bearing frames has a lower weight by about 40 % compared to the variant with one spatial bearing frame. However, the manufacturability of its production is somewhat lower, since it involves 10 structural elements compared to 7 for variant No. 1. Originality. The numerical analysis made it possible to theoretically substantiate a more rational and efficient design solution for the support system for modern railway strain gauge scales. Practical value. A constructive variant of the steel support system has been developed and proposed for practical implementation, which is the most effective in terms of its technical and economic indicators for the existing conditions of an existing industrial enterprise. The developed design option was also coordinated with the project of major reconstruction of the building for weighing railroad cars.
Influence of the Isothermal Transformation Temperature on the Structure and Properties of Low-Carbon Steel
Authors: Vakulenko I. A. , Plitchenko S. O. , Asgarov K. , Lytvynov B. V. , Orak A. , Umur H.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The study is aimed at evaluating the effect of the isothermal transformation temperature on the structure and properties of low-carbon steel. Methodology. The material for the study was a 3 mm diameter wire made of mild steel with the following chemical composition: 0.21% C, 0.47% Mn, 1.2% Si, 0.1% Cr, 0.03% S, 0.012% P. The 0.3 m long wire samples were subjected to austenitizing at 920 °C for 8...9 min, after which they were held isothermally for 11 min at temperatures of 650...200 °C, followed by cooling in air. The strength, plastic properties, and strain hardening coefficient were determined from the analysis of tensile curves. Findings. It was found that a decrease in the temperature of isothermal transformation, starting from 450...400 °C, increases the amount of Widmannstätten ferrite due to the disappearance of polyhedral ferrite grains. At the same time, the number of areas with locally located dispersed cementite particles similar to pearlite colonies increases, and bainite crystals appear. Against the background of a sharp decrease in the strain hardening coefficient in the range of 450...400 °C, the ability of the bainite phase to undergo plastic deformation should be considered one of the reasons for the delay in density reduction. Originality. The effect of steel hardening with a decrease in the pearlite transformation temperature is based on the grinding of ferrite grains, an increase in the amount of Widmannstätten ferrite, and the dispersion of pearlite colonies. The strengthening effect of steel with a bainite structure is based on an increase in the degree of supersaturation of the solid solution with carbon atoms and dispersion hardening by particles of the carbide phase. Practical value. The optimal structural state of steel intended for the manufacture of such critical elements as a support beam, railroad car bogie, etc. is a mixture of phase components with different dispersion and morphology, and their quantitative ratio is determined by the operating conditions of a particular product.
Intravascular ultrasound-­guided intracranial artery stenting in a patient with recurrent ischemic stroke: a case report
Authors: Zakaryan N. V. , Molokhoev E. B. , Boyarintsev V. V. , Ardashev V. N. , Belkov D. S. , Davtyan A. G. , Kirakosyan V. R. , Pankov A. S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Currently, there is an active search for approaches to the treatment of patients with intracranial artery (ICA) stenosis and recurrent ischemic stroke with aggressive therapy. To date, evidence has been received of the benefits of ICA stenting in combination with drug therapy. It has been shown that invasive treatment is not inferior in effectiveness and treatment outcomes to therapy. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can provide valuable information regarding the morphology of ICA lesions and improve the outcome of ICA stenting.

Description. After successful endovascular thrombus removal, a patient with recurrent acute ischemic stroke underwent elective IVUS-guided stenting of the hard-to-reach communicating and cavernous intracranial segments of the internal carotid artery, which made it possible to assess the detailed morphology and select the optimal stent size.

Conclusion. A clinical example demonstrates the IVUS potential in the invasive diagnosis of ICA pathology for stenting or balloon angioplasty. ICA IVUS will provide the necessary information for neurointervention specialists to perform highly effective and optimal endovascular interventions on the ICA, similar to percutaneous coronary intervention. This will also reduce the risk of adverse intra- and postoperative events, and will allow identifying patients at high surgical risk.
A multimorbid patient with heart failure and long-term treatment with enhanced external counterpulsation: a case report
Authors: Lishuta A. S. , Slepova O. A. , Nikolaeva N. A. , Kozhevnikova M. V. , Zektser V. Yu. , Rustomyan A. V. , Petrukhnova M. F. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: July 2024

Management of multimorbid patients is challenging, despite advances in pharmacotherapy and widespread use of surgical treatment. The combination of diseases such as coronary artery disease leading to heart failure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease requires an individualized approach to the patient. Adjuvant non-invasive therapies could facilitate the management of such patients. In addition, the use of longer-term non-pharmacological treatment is associated with prolonged follow-up by medical personnel, which can improve patient adherence to therapy and, thus, their quality of life.

This article presents a case of long-term follow-up and complex management of a patient with multimorbid pathology, including heart failure of ischemic etiology, with the addition of enhanced external counterpulsation in intermittent mode to therapy.
Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in young people: awareness, self-assessment and stress test results
Authors: Zimakova E. I. , Plisyuk A. G. , Begrambekova Yu. L. , Rybakov D. A. , Daudov I. Sh. , Orlova Y. A.
Published: July 2024

Aim. A comprehensive study of sedentary lifestyle in young people at different levels: awareness of the connection between physical activity and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, self-assessment of physical activity and impartial evaluation of cardiorespiratory endurance.

Material and methods. The study included 112 students aged 18 to 24 years without verified noncommunicable diseases, who filled out the "Questionnaire for individuals aged <65 years to identify noncommunicable diseases, risk factors for their development, consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without prescription" and an additional questionnaire with open questions about cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, participants underwent the Harvard step test.

Results. The level of cardiorespiratory endurance was not associated with sex and age in our sample. There was also no significant association between a high Harvard step test score and a positive response to the question about moderate or brisk walking >30 min/day. A positive response about training (3 times/week) in 3/4 of cases identified young people with average and high cardiorespiratory endurance.

Conclusion. The study results indicate a fairly high awareness of students about the dangers of physical inactivity. The data obtained can form the basis for research to optimize methods for assessing the physical activity of young people, used as part of the first stage of medical examination.
Recurrent myocardial infarction as an unsolved problem of evidence-based medicine
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu.
Published: July 2024

The author brings out opinion on the prognostic role of recurrent myo­cardial infarction (MI) at the present time. For many years, recurrent MI was considered one of the most severe complications of primary MI. Differences in the official and scientific definition of recurrent MI are examined. These differences are the reason for the ambiguous assessment of the prevalence and prognostic role of recurrent MI. Ana­lysis of the literature data makes it possible to conclude that recurrent MI is still accompanied by significantly higher mortality rates, both in the acute phase and in the long term, compared to primary MI. The main factors determining the unfavorable prognosis of life after recurrent MI are analyzed. It is noted that modern clinical guidelines do not contain data on the specifics of treatment for recurrent MI. Specific methods for the treatment of recurrent myocardial infarction should be developed.
Interaction of serum heat shock proteins’ levels with the severity of venous congestion in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Timofeev Yu. S. , Afaunova A. R. , Ivanova A. A. , Vedenikin T. Yu. , Dzhioeva O. N. , Metelskaya V. A. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To analyze the interactions between heat shock proteins (HSPs) (HSP27, HSP70 and cardiovascular HSP — cvHSP) serum levels and acute decompensated heart failure (HF) and signs of venous congestion in patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Material and methods. The study included 80 patients with HFpEF aged from 50 to 85 years: 60 with acute decompensated HF and 20 with stable HFpEF. HSP levels were estimated with the enzyme immunoassay method using AssayPro (USA) and Cloud-­Clone (PRC/USA) reagent kits with detection on a Multiskan FC photometer.

Results. The medians of HSP27, HSP 70 and cvHSP in the acute decompensated HFpEF group were significantly higher than in the stable HFpEF group. In the decompensated HFpEF group with mild congestion, the medians of HSP27 (0,58 ng/ml) and cvHSP (905 pg/ml) were significantly lower than in the group of patients with moderate or severe congestion (1,67 ng/ml and 1028 pg/ml, respectively). The medians of HSP27 and cvHSP in the group with ≥3 B-lines in one lung segment were significantly higher than the medians in the group with <3 B-lines by 3,6 times and 1,2 times, respectively.

Conclusion. Higher serum levels of HSP27, HSP70 and cvHSP are associated with the acute decompensated HFpEF. HSP27 and cvHSP levels are positively associated with the severity of congestion assessed by VExUS and B-lines.
Follow-up monitoring of second health status group persons with high and very high cardiovascular risk. Guidelines
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Drozdova L. Yu. , Ipatov P. V. , Kalinina A. M. , Ivanova E. S. , Shepel R. N. , Senenko A. Sh. , Gambaryan M. G. , Karamnova N. S. , Lishchenko O. V. , Savchenko E. D.
Published: July 2024

The guidelines describe the management of follow-up monitoring of second health status group persons, who have a high and very high cardiovascular risk. The following are presented: action sequence and follow-up content in this category of patients, recommendations for dealing with patients with risk factors (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, excess body weight). Examples of medical records are provided. Reminders for patients are presented, including in the event of acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular accident. Recommendations and algorithm for remote questioning and consultation are presented.

Guidelines are intended for doctors and paramedics of departments of medical prevention and health centers, paramedics of rural health posts.

The materials presented can also be used by local doctors (internists, general practitioners, paramedics at rural health posts and health centers) when conducting preventive counseling for patients with risk factors of nonommunicable diseases, and when working with them to modify risk factors.
Formation of a barrier-free urban environment and territory improvement as a factor of modern urban development
Authors: Kurochkina Valentina , Kalinichenko Ekaterina , Belova Margarita
Published: July 2024

Currently, the problem of deterioration of the quality of urban environment is one of the main problems in the field of urban planning and improvement. It is often directly related to the low level of development of the social and economic sectors, which has a negative impact on the lives of all categories of citizens. Modern trends in architectural and urban planning activities involve the development and implementation of measures to ensure the accessibility of low-mobility groups in the urban environment. A professional approach to the formation of a barrier-free environment includes both design and construction, and the organisation of public spaces.
One of the important components of a quality and comfortable urban environment is to provide a barrier-free environment for all people. It is important to remember that every citizen has the right to equal access to all facilities and services in the city, regardless of their physical abilities. In accordance with the principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, it is necessary to involve them in society. The application of these principles forms an accessible living environment with comfortable and unhindered access to social infrastructure facilities, which implies safe operation of buildings that do not require subsequent rearrangement and adaptation to changed norms. Thanks to the accessibility of the urban environment, low-mobility groups will be able to fully participate in public life.
On the example of a fragment of a residential courtyard in a metropolis the necessary measures to ensure the accessibility of low mobility groups are considered. The article also analyses the entrance group and the adjacent territory of the fragment under consideration in accordance with SP 59.13330.2020 «Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with reduced mobility».
MODELING OF WATER-OIL FLOW IN SHALE POROUS STRUCTURES: EFFECT OF WETTABILITY AND CAPILLARY NUMBERS
Authors: Wang Yuegang , Zhang Liaoyuan , Zhang Zilin , Zhang Feng , Lu Mingjing
Published: July 2024

Shale oil reservoirs are characterized by dense, extremely low permeability, and poorly developed natural fractures.
Hydraulic fracturing technology is often used in extraction to improve recovery. It is important to clarify the
mechanism and influence mechanism of displacement in complex porous media coupled with fractures and matrix to enhance oil recovery. In this study, based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) utilizing the fracture-matrix pore coupling model, the authors carried out a study of displacement in organic and inorganic pore space. They systematically investigated the influence mechanisms of wettability and capillary numbers on the oil recovery rate. It was found that the stronger the wettability of the water phase, the higher the oil recovery rate, the lower the residual oil in the form of adsorbed oil film, the larger the capillary numbers, and the higher the oil recovery rate. Oil in organic pore space is more difficult to discharge compared with that in inorganic pore space, and the recovery rate of oil in organic pore space can be effectively improved by increasing the driving pressure and enhancing the properties of the water phase (fracturing fluid).
Particle tracking-aided digital volume correlation for clay–sand soil mixtures
Authors: Wu Mengmeng , Wang Jianfeng , Pan Bing , Yin Zhen-Yu
Published: July 2024

In this study, a novel, interdisciplinary method is introduced that merges fundamental geomechanics with computer vision to develop an advanced hybrid feature-aided digital volume correlation (DVC) technique. This technique is specifically engineered to measure and compute the full-field strain distribution in fine-grained soil mixtures. A clay–sand mixture specimen composed of quartz sand particles and kaolinite was created. Its mechanical properties and deformation behaviour were then tested using a mini-triaxial apparatus, combined with micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (μCT). The CT slices underwent image processing for denoising, segmentation of distinct phases, reconstruction of sand particles and feature extraction within the soil specimen. The proposed approach incorporated a two-step particle tracking method, which initially uses particle volume and surface area features to establish a preliminary matching list for a reference particle and then use the iterative closest point method for precise target particle matching. The soil specimen's initial displacement field was then mapped onto the DVC method's grid, and further refined through sub-voxel registration by way of a three-dimensional inverse compositional Gauss–Newton algorithm. The proposed method's effectiveness and efficiency were validated by accurately calculating the displacement and strain fields of the soil mixture sample, and comparing the results with those from a traditional DVC method. Given the soil's compositional and microstructural characteristics, these image-matching techniques can be integrated to create a versatile, efficient, and robust DVC system, suitable for a variety of soil mixture types.
Epithelial Na+ Channel Activation after Bile Duct Ligation with Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade
Authors: Wang Xue-Ping , Mutchler Stephanie M. , Carrisoza-Gaytan Rolando , Nickerson Andrew J. , Baty Catherine J. , Al-Bataineh Mohammad , Vandevender Amber , Morimoto Tetsuji , Srinivasan Priyanka , Tan Roderick J. , Jurczak Michael J. , Satlin Lisa M. , Kashlan Ossama B.
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Bile acids activate the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), which may lead to subsequent fluid retention in liver disease.

Bile duct ligation with spironolactone increased ENaC-dependent Na+ and fluid retention without hormone-linked increased ENaC abundance.

Counteracting bile acid ENaC activation may be effective for treating fluid retention in liver disease.

Background

Sodium and fluid retention in liver disease is classically thought to result from reduced effective circulating volume and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. However, evidence of fluid retention in patients without renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation suggests the involvement of additional mechanisms. In vitro, bile acids activate the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) found in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron. If this occurs in vivo, ENaC may become activated in liver disease even with antagonism of aldosterone signaling.

Methods

To test this, we performed bile duct ligation to induce liver disease and increase circulating bile acids in mice given spironolactone to antagonize aldosterone signaling. We analyzed effects on blood, urine, and body composition. We also determined the effects of taurocholic acid, a primary conjugated bile acid elevated in liver disease, on ion fluxes in microperfused rabbit collecting ducts.

Results

Bile duct ligation increased benzamil-sensitive natriuresis compared with sham, indicating ENaC activation. These effects were not explained by effects on ENaC expression, cleavage, or localization. Bile duct–ligated mice also gained significantly more fluid than sham-operated animals. Blocking ENaC reversed fluid gains in bile duct–ligated mice but had no effect in shams. In dissected collecting ducts from rabbits, which express ENaC, taurocholic acid stimulated net Na+ absorption.

Conclusions

Our results provide experimental evidence for a novel aldosterone-independent mechanism for sodium and fluid retention in liver disease.
Extubation and removal of supraglottic airway devices in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Igarashi Ayuko
Published: July 2024

In pediatric anesthesia, respiratory adverse events often occur during emergence from anesthesia and at the time of endotracheal tube or supraglottic device removal. The removal of airway devices and extubation are conducted either while patients are deeply anesthetized or when patients awaken from anesthesia and have regained consciousness. The airways of children are easily irritated by external stimuli and are structurally prone to collapse, and the timing of both methods of airway device removal is similarly associated with various airway complications, including upper airway obstruction, coughing, or serious adverse events such as laryngospasm and desaturation. In current pediatric anesthesia practice, the choice of the timing and method of extubation is made by anesthesiologists. To achieve a smooth and safe recovery from anesthesia, understanding the unique characteristics of pediatric airways and the factors likely to contribute to an increased risk of perioperative complications remains essential. These factors include patient age, comorbidities, and physical conditions. The level of anesthesia and readiness for removal of airway devices should be evaluated carefully for each patient, and quick identification of airway problems and intervention is required if patients fail to maintain the airway and sufficient ventilation after removal of airway devices.
History of the Dental Hygienist
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judit
Published: July 2024

Alfred Fones, a dentist from Connecticut, is widely recognized for pioneering the first formal training program for Dental Hygienists. In 1906, Fones took on Irene Newman as his apprentice, effectively establishing her as the inaugural dental hygienist.