bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures on Mosquito-Borne Diseases in 2020 in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Jansen Cassie , Darbro Jonathan , Birrell Frances , Shivas Martin , van den Hurk Andrew
Published: June 2021

We describe the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on mosquito-borne diseases in Queensland, Australia, during the first half of 2020. Implementation of restrictions coincided with an atypical late season outbreak of Ross River virus (RRV) characterized by a peak in notifications in April (1173) and May (955) which were greater than 3-fold the mean observed for the previous four years. We propose that limitations on human movement likely resulted in the majority of RRV infections being acquired at or near the place of residence, and that an increase in outdoor activities, such as gardening and bushwalking in the local household vicinity, increased risk of exposure to RRV-infected mosquitoes. In contrast, the precipitous decline in international passenger flights led to a reduction in the number of imported dengue and malaria cases of over 70% and 60%, respectively, compared with the previous five years. This substantial reduction in flights also reduced a risk pathway for importation of exotic mosquitoes, but the risk posed by importation via sea cargo was not affected. Overall, the emergence of COVID-19 has had a varied impact on mosquito-borne disease epidemiology in Queensland, but the need for mosquito surveillance and control, together with encouragement of personal protective measures, remains unchanged.
A β-Hairpin Motif in the Envelope Protein E2 Mediates Receptor Binding of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Merwaiss Fernando , Pascual María José , Pomilio María Trinidad , Lopez María Gabriela , Taboga Oscar A. , Alvarez Diego E.
Published: June 2021

Pestivirus envelope protein E2 is crucial to virus infection and accomplishes virus-receptor interaction during entry. However, mapping of E2 residues mediating these interactions has remained unexplored. In this study, to investigate the structure-function relationship for a β-hairpin motif exposed to the solvent in the crystal structure of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) E2, we designed two amino acidic substitutions that result in a change of electrostatic potential. First, using wild type and mutant E2 expressed as soluble recombinant proteins, we found that the mutant protein had reduced binding to susceptible cells compared to wild type and diminished ability to inhibit BVDV infection, suggesting a lower affinity for BVDV receptors. We then analyzed the effect of β-hairpin mutations in the context of recombinant viral particles. Mutant viruses recovered from cell culture supernatant after transfection of recombinant RNA had almost completely inhibited ability to re-infect susceptible cells, indicating an impact of mutations on BVDV infectivity. Finally, sequential passaging of the mutant virus resulted in the selection of a viral population in which β-hairpin mutations reverted to the wild type sequence to restore infectivity. Taken together, our results show that this conserved region of the E2 protein is critical for the interaction with host cell receptors.
Investigation of the effects of fetal rat kidney-derived mesenchymal stem cells implementation on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in male Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: BOZTOK ÖZGERMEN Başak , BULUT Gaye , ALPASLAN PINARLI Ferda , GÜLTEKİN Salih Sinan , ÖZEN Doğukan , YAVUZ Orhan , HAYDARDEDEOĞLU Ali Evren
Published: June 2021

The potential protective effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on some kidney diseases have been reported. However, the effect of the fetal kidney–derived (FKD)MSCs on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy has not been studied yet. This study aimed to treat rats with doxorubicin-induced kidney injuries by transplantation of –FKD-MSCs. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, doxorubicin nephropathy (Sham), and doxorubicin + MSC treated group. Serum biochemistry analysis was performed at the beginning and the end of the study. Functional changes in kidneys were evaluated by scintigraphy. In the doxorubicin nephropathy group, histopathological findings such as mesangial cell proliferation, tubular cast, and glomerular hypertrophy were observed, whereas in the MSC group these findings were significantly reduced. CD133 and CD24 positive immunoreactions were the most severe and frequently observed in the MSC group. While positive staining was detected in the tubular epithelium, there was no immunostaining observed in the glomerulus. The results showed that both functional and histological improvements were achieved in the MSC group compared to the Sham group. In conclusion, transplantation of fetal kidney - derived MSCs into patients with renal damage is thought to contribute to the healing of the renal tissue.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Bilişleri ile Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkisi
Authors: YILDIRIM KESKİN Alev , MOLU Birsel
Published: June 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde sağlık bilişleri ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikte olan bu çalışmanın evrenini hemşirelik birinci, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfta okuyan toplam 245 öğrenci, örneklemini ise 20.06.2020-20.07.2020 tarihleri arasında araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 175 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan veri toplama formu, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres (DASS-21) ve Sağlık Bilişleri Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin tanımlayıcı istatistikleri hesaplanmış ve Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis testi, Post Hoc testlerden Dunn Bonferroni, Spearman Korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Öğrencilerin Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (DASS-21) toplam puan ortalamasının 15.58±11.78, Sağlık Bilişleri Ölçeği puan ortalamasının 62.41±9.91 ve orta düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. DASS-21 Ölçeği alt boyutları ile Sağlık Bilişleri Ölçeği alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p
Görev Odaklı Değerler Eğitimi (GODE): Örnek Bir Uygulamaya İlişkin Veli Görüşleri
Authors: YILDIRIM Yusuf , ÇALIŞKAN Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, velilerin değerler eğitimi ve uygulanan görev odaklı değerler eğitimi (GODE) çalışmalarına yönelik görüşlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan GODE, beşinci sınıfta öğrenim gören otuz öğrenciyle yürütülmüştür. GODE, yedi aylık bir eğitim sürecini kapsamaktadır. Bu süreçte öğrenciler çiçek yetiştirmişlerdir. Ayrıca 7 defa öğrencilerle 4 defa da velilerle çalışmaya yönelik oturum düzenlenmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim (fenomoloji) deseni çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma grubunu 7’si erkek, 12’si kadın toplam 19 öğrenci velisidir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak velilerinin görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öğrencilerin çalışma bittikten sonra da çiçek bakım işlerini yapmaya devam ettikleri saptanmıştır. Veliler değerler eğitimini “değerlerin eğitimi”, “ahlaklı olmak”, “toplumsal davranış eğitimi” ve “edepli olmak” şeklinde tanımlamışlardır. Velilere göre, “değerlerin yaşanması”, “iyi bir gelecek ”, “kişisel gelişim ”, “bireysel hayat”, “toplum huzuru ” için değerler eğitimi gereklidir. Veliler GODE süresince öğrencilerde “sahiplenme”, “sorumluluk bilinci kazanma”, “çiçeklere karşı duyarlılık”, “araştırmacı bir kişilik” gibi davranış değişiklikleri gözlemlemişlerdir. Öğrencilerde “sorumluluk bilinci gelişmesi”, “çiçeklere karşı ilgilerinin artması” ve “yaparak yaşayarak öğrenmeleri”ni sağladığı için faydalı olarak belirtilmiştir. Velilere göre öğrenciler bu süreçten “sorumluluk sahibi olma”, “emek verme”, “sahiplenme” ve “başarabilme” gibi kazanımlar elde etmişlerdir.
Dizi ve Filmlerin Değerler Üzerindeki Yansımasına Yönelik Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Görüşleri
Authors: ÜNAL Orhan
Published: June 2021

Sağlıklı bir toplum yapısı oluşturabilmek ve bu ortamı sürdürülebilir kılmak değerlerine sahip çıkan bireylerin varlığı ile mümkündür. Günümüzde değerlerin kazandırılması amacıyla kullanılan çeşitli yöntem ve materyaller bulunmaktadır. Dizi ve filmler aracılığıyla da birçok değer olumlu ya da olumsuz olarak izleyicilerle buluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma dizi ve filmlerinin değerlere yansımasına yönelik öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemine uygun olarak temel nitel araştırma deseninde hazırlanmıştır. Örneklem seçiminde ölçüt örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan görüşme formu aracılığıyla sekiz sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı ile yüz yüze görüşme yapılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde tematik analizden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayları değerlerin kazandırılması sürecinde dizi ve filmlerin kullanılabileceğini düşünmektedir. Ancak öğretmen adayları Türk dizi ve filmlerinin genel olarak değerler üzerinde olumsuz yönlerinin olabileceğini de belirtmişlerdir. Araştırmada ulaşılan sonuçlar alanyazında yer alan benzer çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar dikkate alındığında değerlerin kazandırılması sürecinde kullanılacak olan dizi ve filmlerin içerik bakımından uygun olmasına dikkat edilmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca ailelerin de çocuklarını dizi ve filmlerin içeriği konusunda bilinçlendirmelerinin önemi vurgulanmıştır.
A study of fluorescence emission intensity of reaction products between selected amino acdis and DFO, 1,2-indanedione and 1,2-indanedione - zinc chloride
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Szczepański Tomasz , Więckiewicz Urszula ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Klemczak Krzysztof ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Chyczewska Anna ,   Forensic Laboratory of Warsaw Police Headquarters
Published: June 2021

The study shows the results of fluorescence emission intensity measurements of the reaction products of selected amino acids with DFO, 1,2-IND and 1,2-IND - zinc chloride on absorptive surfaces. Conducted research addressed the following variables: type of developing reagent, type of surface, type of amino acid and sample storage time. It was confirmed that the above factors affected the fluorescence intensity of developed fingerprints. Furthermore, the studies proved that fluorescence intensity of reaction products between amino acids and 1,2- IND stored for 1 or 7 days increased for the majority of samples upon addition of zinc chloride to the developing reagent. For samples stored for 4 months the highest fluorescence emission intensity was observed for DFO. No significant differences were found in fluorescence spectral characteristics of tested compounds, depending on the type of surface.
Opinion-forming difficulties in disputed paternity cases resulting from bone marrow transplantation in biological father (a case report)
Authors:   Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Droździok Kornelia , Tomsia Marcin ,   Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Kabiesz Jadwiga ,   Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Rębała Krzysztof ,   Medical University of Gdansk
Published: June 2021

In the Department of Forensic Medicine and Medico-Legal Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland before blood or buccal swab sampling for disputed paternity testing the parties are routinely asked whether they had bone marrow transplantation or not. The authors report the disputed paternity case in which the male defendant had hallogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In the tested trio, the child was six months old. For disputed paternity testing blood and buccal swab samples were taken from the defendant. As he had lost all his hair because of antineoplastic therapy, no hair follicles were taken. A female genetic profile (donor) was determined from the blood sample of the defendant, whereas the mixture of two profiles ( donor and recipient) in the buccal swab. A genetic profile of the male defendant was finally distinguished from the mixture. In all tested loci the child had genetic markers which appeared also in the defendant. There was no paternity exclusion in any of the tested markers. Moreover, there was full genetic agreement between profiles of the child and the defendant. The report emphasizes the importance of the detailed history taking before biological material sampling for disputed paternity testing, which can prevent forming a false opinion.
Collecting, obtaining and preparing reference material for the purpose of identification of a person or a deceased based on visual recordings
Authors:   Forensic Laboratory of the Regional Police Headquarters in Olsztyn, Wilczewska Joanna
Published: June 2021

The main aim of this paper is to provide the guidelines for the activities necessary to obtain valuable and fully eligible reference material for the purposes of identification of a person or a dead body based on visual recordings. The paper elaborates on the relation between evidence material and reference (secondary) material. It also proposes a hierarchical categorization of types of reference material. The illustrations present examples of properly prepared reference material (including photographs of a person) containing also evidence material. Moreover, the paper specifies the relevant legal regulations and persons authorized to photograph a person and stages of taking photographs. It also names the factors that affect technical and visual quality of the collected material. The article also provides the guidelines for the collection of neutral (unstaged) reference material, as well as finding the sources that may be referred to in order to obtain access to such material.
Fingerprinting and improvement of the readability of the fingerprints of corpses
Authors:   Forensic Laboratory of Warsaw Police Headquarters, Wójcik Artur , Rogoża Ewa ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Drzewiecka Katarzyna ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Wudarczyk Marcin ,   Forensic Laboratory of Warsaw Police Headquarters
Published: June 2021

Fingerprinting of corpses is always problematic even for experienced forensic experts and technicians. This publication is a compendium of the knowledge about physical and chemical methods in dactyloscopy and improving the readability of the friction ridges of corpses. It mentions the possibility of a very broad use of not only dactyloscopic paints, but also fingerprinting powders, films, as well as silicone casts, latex matrices etc. The publication also highlights the necessity of photographic documentation of fingerprints in every case and after every completed procedure, with the aim of improving the readability of the corpse’s friction ridges.
Lie detection – of what?
Authors:   Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Widacki Jan , Dukała Karolina ,   Jagiellonian University
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the issue of methods of „lie detection” in criminology and forensic psychology. Considerations are described in detail philosophical, linguistic and psychological associated with the concept lies. Approximate methods are commonly referred to as „used to detect lies” along with a thorough analysis of the subject of their detection and usability in practice. The article raised issues of credibility are also psychological and witness testimony.
Pedestrian crosswalks safety assessment in selected countries
Authors:   Forensic Science Laboratory, Voivodeship Police Headquarters in Radom, Lewandowski Paweł , Fokt Krzysztof ,   Forensic Science Laboratory, Voivodeship Police Headquarters in Radom
Published: June 2021

This article presents an issue of the assessment of pedestrian crosswalks safety, based on the example of actions undertaken in Norway and Australia. In Oslo, the criteria for safety assessment on pedestrian crossings and the audit results were presented in the TØI Report 1231/2012. In Australia, a draft methodology for pedestrian crosswalks safety assessment, which, according to the authors, needs an improvement at multiple levels, has been developed at Monash University. The examples presented in the article indicate a significant problem with the elaboration of safety assessment methods of unprotected pedestrians and their applications within the framework programs implemented in large urban agglomerations. Despite the difficulties mentioned above, there are undeniably some possibilities regarding the elaboration of an objective pedestrian safety assessment method, which may be the subject to scientific studies.
The use of EnCase Forensic program scripts in forensic research of digital data carriers
Authors:   Voivodeship Police Forensic Laboratory in Olsztyn, Olber Paweł
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this work is to present users of EnCase Forensic programming language syntax, EnScript, to create their ownsoftware solutions, as well as to provide the possibility of its use in forensic research of digital storage media. In order to understand above described elements, description elements above, practical programming examples are given. Examples in this paper allow you to understand the existing code, scripts, contained, among others, in the EnCase API documentation. This documentation is the best source to get detailed information about the above classes of the above mentioned programming language, its components and functions. In addition to the aforementioned document, there are a number of applications created by EnScript programming language enthusiasts on Internet, which make it easy to write your own scripts, and represent a valuable source of information and inspiration. The advantage of knowing the above mentioned programming language is the ability to create ones own software solutions, allowing for the automation of tasks carried out within the context of investigative analysis, which is a very important element in the work of investigative science.
Entities in Polish law issuing opinions using special knowledge
Authors:   Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Pachnik Karol
Published: June 2021

Allowed under Polish law is the opportunity to consult experts and other persons or specialized institutions having special knowledge, as well as provides the possibility of outsourcing certain tasks to specialists. These are the different procedural institutions, with different competence and required skills as well as various privileges. The correct characterization of the role of these entities and requirements, which they pursue, allows the assessment of the probative value of opinions or activities involving them. The work discusses the requirements to be fulfilled by bodies issuing opinions and acting as specialists. The criteria for evaluating the effects of the work of these entities is also indicated.
Nile Red – contrasting colour cyanoacrylate
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Rogoża Ewa , Drzewiecka Katarzyna ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: June 2021

Fingerprints disclosed by cyanoacrylate on non-absorbent substrates, in order to improve readabiIity, require additional contrasting fluorescent dyes. Nile Red is one of them. Its effectiveness was tested under conditions similar to those of daily laboratory practice. The highest Nile Red fluorescence occurred in an excitation light of blue-green and a wavelength of 505nm. Spectral analysis showed that the emission of light oscillates in the wavelength of about 630nm. In order to cut off the light, longpass edge filters of the colours yellow, orange or red can be used. Filter selection depends on the characteristics of the substrate and can be chosen empirically. Nile Red fluorescence does not change over a longer period of time, which allows for the registration of fingerprints to be performed within a time convenient for the testing, without fear of losing their quality. Nile Red may be an alternative to other fluorescent dyes used for visualization in fingerprint testing.
Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Ülkelerin Demokratik Önlemlerinin Etkilerinin Homojen Tekdüze İlişki Modeli ile İncelenmesi
Authors: POSLU Merve , BAHÇECİTAPAR Melike , AKTAŞ Serpil
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde ülkeler kendilerine özgü politikalar uygulamışlardır. Artan vakaların ve ölüm oranlarının ardından ülkelerin uyguladıkları pandemi önleyici politikalar sonucunda ortaya çıkan demokratik gerileme risk düzeyinin yanı sıra, ülkelerdeki virüs yayılım hızını ve vaka ölüm oranlarını incelemek bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak, ülkelerin pandemi demokratik risk düzeyleri hesaplanarak, virüs yayılım hızı ve vaka ölüm oranları birlikte ilk defa incelenmiştir. Veriler, toplam 148 ülkenin kamuya açık kaynaklarından elde edilmiştir. Ülkelerin pandemi önleyici politikalarına ve demokratik gerileme risk düzeylerine göre virüs yayılma hızının ve Covid-19 pozitiften ölüm oranlarının incelenmesi amacıyla düzenlenen iki tane üç boyutlu olumsallık tablosu logaritmik doğrusal modellerin özel bir durumu olan Homojen Tekdüze İlişki modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Homojen Tekdüze İlişki modelinde virüs yayılma hızı ve vaka ölüm oranları dikkate alınarak, ülkelerin pandemi önleyici politikaları ve demokratik gerileme risk düzeyleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Pandemi önleyici politika sıkılaştıkça, Covid-19 koronavirüsünün yayılım hızı azalmaktadır. Bu durum önleyici politikaların sıkılaşmasını daha olası kılacak ve ölüm oranının ortalama altına düşmesiyle birlikte ülkelerdeki sıkı politikaların gevşeme olasılığı artacaktır.
Spatial Writing: A New Mode of Architectural Heritage Representation
Authors:   Temple University, Erdoǧan Ford Seher
Published: June 2021

Modeling, as an instrument of architectural design, delineates boundaries for new ideas and establishes a framework for approaching the unknown. Those boundaries, however, often leave out elements of the design process and the larger context of the project. This is a particularly critical issue when dealing with architectural heritage sites with complex histories and multiple identities. As part of a larger research project dealing with the representation of cultural heritage, in this paper I pose the question: How can digital modeling embody the intangible dimensions of architectural production?
Remote Control: The Natural Language of Architecture
Authors:   University of Arkansas, Jacobus Frank , Manack Marc ,   University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Published: June 2021

The architectural design process is a means of translating information into form, and has long relied on indirect (“remote”) control mechanisms for communicating and translating the architect’s authorial intent into a built work. These methods have generally evolved from a more direct, physical basis, as both technology and the discipline have evolved. To communicate design ideas, architects have relied on methodologies that range from an extreme desire for control, to models that attempt to relinquish many controls entirely. Early communication models, in part due to lack of material, form, and program diversity, allowed for a less systematic and complex descriptive method; inscriptions in the earth, physical detail models along with a set of instructions, or simple scale models of the intention were all that was required.2 As cultures and their technologies advanced, communication methods such as scaled orthographic drawings, specifications and other forms of written instructions, and now fully realized Building Information Models, have become normative practice in a profession that looks for total control of the built work before it is physically realized. Apart from the communicative control models mentioned above, there are authorial models which have also progressed in complexity and abstraction alongside societal advancements. In the discipline’s infancy, authorship involved subtle evolutions of proportion and order within a well-established typological system. In modernism, the authorial models evolved as architects experimented with increased typological invention in response to a radically changing technological and social environment. Advancing to the contemporary “digital” moment, architects continue to develop systems to control complexities within the work, mapping strategies that deal with collecting and spatializing data, while others see contemporary design tools as a means to relinquish some design control to outside forces whose unexpected potential is compelling. This paper gives examples of remote communicative and authorial controls, and posits a new theory of the potential meaningful effects of leveraging these control mechanisms in new ways using three projects by SILO AR+D.
Appropriate, Adapt, Inhabit: The Recreation of Public Space in the Republic of Georgia
Authors:   Arizona State University, Ibrahim Thomas , Vekstein Claudio ,   Arizona State University
Published: June 2021

The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the beginning of the difficult deconstruction of the regime and ideology which controlled the East for the majority of the 20th Century. In the Republic of Georgia, Soviet collapse catalyzed a series of ethnically prompted conflicts and civil war which prevented the unification of the country under a national agenda, thus creating fertile ground for corruption, privatization and sale of public space. The earliest example of the corrupt transfer of property was the sale of the former Palace of Rituals, in Tbilisi, to Georgian oligarch Badri Patarkatsishvili, which is still primarily used as a private residence by his family. After the Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia faced rapid institutional reforms under President Mikheil Saakashvili, who legitimized his regime by unifying regions that continuously identified as Georgian (excluding territories Abkhazia and S. Ossetia), collecting revenues via taxation, and attracting the foreign investment that Georgia desperately neede
Street Invading, Forbidding or Instructing: A Case Study of the University Avenue in Shanghai, China
Authors:   Tongji University, Wang Bolun
Published: June 2021

This paper engages in a dialectical analysis of street invading, a common phenomenon in China. Taking a specific case in Shanghai, the article tries to figure out the phenomenon’s social appearance and understand the essence behind it. Basing on the conceptual framework of “informal,” it is easy to find the essence of the phenomenon is informality. From the mechanism of the generation of informality, the paper then analyzes the intrinsic logic behind the street invading through top-down and bottom-up aspects, pointing out that this phenomenon should be understood as a new urban culture. Hence, despite this phenomenon has plenty of deficiencies, we ought not to forbid it all the time (like what the local Chinese government did before). Instead, the article suggests that instructing it in a proper way weighs more important and then introduces the specific measures taken by the local government in this case from both the top-down and bottom-up perspectives. Finally, the paper draws to a conclusion that in face of the street invading, instructing is more important than forbidding and summaries three strategies in how to deal with the similar cases.
Co-drawing: Forms of Spatial Communication as Formats for Collective Dialogue
Authors:   California College of the Arts, Steinmuller Antje , Falliers Christopher ,   California College of the Arts
Published: June 2021

‘Co-drawing’ explores architectural drawings as co-authored, cooperative instruments to envision multivalent and collective public space. This situates the architect as the designer of forms of/for public communication, spatial frameworks and tools stimulating multi-stakeholder involvement to visualize, advocate, recapture, and design. In public space design today, collaborations with multiple constituent stakeholders promote evolved architectural protocols and production. For the architect as expert, masterplans and guidelines give way to architectural frameworks for collective action, evolving development strategies, and multivalent designs.
Urban Instrumentality: Pedagogy in an Era of Ecological Design Challenges
Authors:   University of North Carolina Charlotte, Gamez Jose L.S.
Published: June 2021

In 2014, NASA projected higher than previously predicted irreversible climate changes that will result in sea levels rising 1 to 2 meters worldwide by 2100. Along the way, according to the Lon-don School of Economics’ Urban Age Project, the global population will become 75% urbanized by 2050; much of this urbanization is occurring in developing countries, which will account for approximately 4 out of every 5 city dwellers—often in coastal locations. This combination of rapid urbanization and environmental change requires a reinterpretation of development, architecture, and ecology in which an integration of urban components is essential if the management of the environment and resources is to result in resilient and livable cities. With this in mind, this paper reflects upon two three-year collaborations between our Master of Urban Design program and universities in parts of the world that are undergoing the brunt of this global urbanization: China and Brazil. Through a discussion of a series of summer workshops, fundamental challenges to the integration of ecological strategies into design pedagogies are illustrated through the experiences of students.
Proof (Saving the City)
Authors:   Wesleyan University, Huge Elijah
Published: June 2021

In 1752, the year Benjamin Franklin is credited with the invention of the lightning rod, he also established the first American fire insurance company. The coincidence of these innovations prefigures the parallel development and interwoven relationships between invention, building insurance, and legislation that underlie the production of architecture today. Industrialization brought new threats to the city (e.g. electricity, speed, explosives) while also dramatically increasing the scale of historical perils (e.g. flood, fire, theft). In turn, these threats gave rise to a field of new products, accessory to conventional building. In their early forms, the automatic sprinkler, exterior fire escape, panic bar, emergency light, and theft alarm were, like Franklin’s lightning rod, ready for production and deployment on a large scale, without definitive spatial identity, and suitable for use in new or existing construction. Negotiating the thresholds between the developing infrastructures of the city and its private spaces (as insured and legally defined), these devices may be understood collectively as a crumple zone intended not to prevent architectural emergency but to absorb, limit, and contain its effects.
The Politics of Repair in a Postcolonial Context: A Minor Case Study
Authors:   University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Ho Schar Cathi , Friedman Daniel S. ,   University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
Published: June 2021

The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa is the flagship campus for the country’s most remote and westernmost state. It lies over two thousand nautical miles from the nearest continent, roughly in the center of the Pacific Ocean, the largest division of the world hydrosphere. Until 1893, Hawai’i was a sovereign kingdom. In 1959, the U.S. government annexed Hawaiʻi as the last and newest of its fifty states. This vivid context—Pacific, Asian, Hawaiian, American, postcolonial—constitutes both a geographical and cultural orientation. In view of these numerous, vivid conditions, our paper offers a single case study based on small projects underway at Mānoa, where the senior leadership of the university invited the newly established University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center to address the chronic disrepair of campus buildings and public spaces through low-cost, high-impact design interventions. The aim of these interventions is to improve perceived qualities of public space and campus character, which have suffered under the weight of the university’s half-billion dollar deferred maintenance backlog.
Copacabana Non-Public: Toward a New Public Attitude
Authors:   University of Manitoba, Aquino Eduardo
Published: June 2021

More than a physicality, public space is a condition beyond an urban fragment or locality. Before it becomes a place, public space exists as a shared value. The devastation of the Amazon forest by multinational meat producers, the launch into space of a Tesla Roadster by Elon Musk, shootings in public schools, and the development of a new Trump tower in a big city somewhere in the world are just some examples of spaces being taken over by the relentless neoliberal advances into places that were once shared or not claimed at all, or simply considered “public.” This process of takeover happens persistently in our cities, through ever-subtle or overstated methods by corporations and governments, by disfranchised groups, empowered tribes, or simply disguised by over-regulation. Starting from the premise that, in fact, “public space” as we know does not exist, this paper explores the notion of “non-public” as a critical foundation for a new reclamation of our cities. The paper plays the devil’s advocate to counterpoint the frequent academic discourse that references public space as a normalized urban entity. Taking on a shifted direction Copacabana Non-public challenges the notion of what constitutes “public space” to change so many fixed assumptions. Instead of dancing around the subject, it exercises the consideration of the conditions that make public space in reality non-public—its constituencies and jurisdictions, its stakeholders and claimants, its crisis and promises. Taking Copacabana beach as a study case, Copacabana Non-public seeks to map out the real actors of public space to locate new strategies of engagement to transform its pseudo-public character, to identify policy and design strategies that reclaim urban spaces for more democratic citizenries.
Economic Impact Generated by the Public Open Space: Case Study of Klyde Warren Park
Authors:   Texas A&M University, Aitani Koichiro , Yoshinaga Shohei ,   Texas A&M University
Published: June 2021

Klyde Warren Park is Dallas’s new town plaza which has literally and figuratively bridged the city’s downtown cultural district with the burgeoning mixed-use neighborhoods to the north, reshaping the city and catalyzing economic development. The park brings Dallas-sites together in new ways, with dozens of free activities and amenities to offer every week, from concerts and lectures to games and fitness/ yoga classes, all within a beautiful five-acre urban oasis. The park decks over the sunken Woodall Rodgers Freeway, which had been an imposing barrier between downtown and the densely populated Uptown neighborhood. Spurred by a study in 2002 that confirmed the feasibility of a “deck park” over the freeway, leaders of the Dallas business community formed the non-profit Woodall Rodgers Park Foundation, which was responsible for the operations and maintenance of the new park with its operating hours from 6am to 11pm. After ten years of planning, design, fundraising, and construction, Klyde Warren Park opened in the fall of 2012 and was immediately embraced by the community, cementing its place as a world-class urban park.
Comparing the lifestyles of victims: A routine activity theory assessment of repeat victimization in Canada
Authors: Nazaretian Zavin , Fitch Chivon
Published: June 2021

This paper simultaneously explores the relationship between social status, routine activity theory, and repeat victimization. This study compares the effects of lifestyle with key social status variables like gender, race, and sexuality, on varying degrees of victimization to answer the question: do routine activities or social status predict repeat victimization? This research is a secondary data analysis using two waves of the Canadian Victimization Survey from 2004 and 2009. Both a logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression are used to analyze the possible causes of repeat victimization. Overall, social status is influenced by lifestyle when predicting victimization; however, key social status variables predict high levels of victimization such as identifying as gay or lesbian or being an Aboriginal Canadian. The most powerful indicator of victimization was if a victim had been previously arrested themselves. The results of this study suggest that, while lifestyle is a strong predictor of victimization, minority groups are still at risk of being victimized at higher levels.
Promising indications in the journey of the Mental Health Pathway collaboration between police and health in Scotland
Authors: Coleman Claire
Published: June 2021

Mental Health Pathway is a pioneering collaborative project in Scotland between police and health professionals seeking to get the first point of contact right for the public in relation to their mental health. Six months after the launch of the first stage, we take a reflective look over what has taken place and look to the future plans.
Analisis Kondisi Atmosfer Saat Banjir dan Tanah Longsor (Studi Kasus : Nganjuk, 14 Februari 2021)
Authors: Diniyati Estri , Fa’iz Dwitrisna Muhammad , Mulya Aditya
Published: June 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara yang rentan terhadap bencana hidrometeorologi karena memiliki potensi pembentukkan awan konvektif yang besar. Pada tanggal 14 Februari 2021, bencana banjir dan longsor melanda wilayah Nganjuk yang menyebabkan kerugian baik harta maupun jiwa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi atmosfer saat kejadian banjir dan tanah longsor di wilayah Nganjuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat fenomena La Nina yang sedang aktif di wilayah Indonesia dengan ditandai anomali suhu muka laut di Indonesia menjadi lebih hangat sebesar 1-2℃. Selain itu, terdapat juga pola konvergensi angin yang melewati wilayah Nganjuk sehingga memperbesar potensi pembentukkan awan konvektif pada wilayah tersebut. Berdasarkan citra satelit Himawari-8, dengan menggunakan teknik RGB dan teknik CCO menunjukkan bahwa terdapat awan cumulonimbus yang berinisiasi menjadi awan cumulonimbus multisel. Awan multisel ini menutupi sebagian besar wilayah Jawa Timur pada pukul 08.00-18.00 UTC dengan suhu puncak di wilayah Nganjuk mencapai -77,4℃. Nilai indeks labilitas atmosfer sebelum terbentuknya awan yaitu CAPE sebesar 1600-2200 J/kg dan TT index sebesar 43,5-44. Pada pukul 08.00 UTC, divergensi di lapisan 1000-900 mb menunjukan nilai -0,027s-1 hingga -0,013s-1, kemudian vortisitas sebesar  0,013-0,04 s-1. Nilai kelembapan di permukaan sebelum terbentuknya awan sebesar 80-85% kemudian meningkat saat awan telah memasuki fase tumbuh hingga punah yaitu sebesar 90-100%. Dari hasil tersebut menandakan kondisi atmosfer sedang labil sehingga mendukung terjadinya pertumbuhan awan konvektif. Hasil ini didukung dengan data pengamatan hujan pada wilayah Nganjuk dimana sebagian besar intensitas curah hujan pada wilayah tersebut termasuk dalam kategori hujan lebat hingga hujan sangat lebat mencapai 162 mm/hari.
Particle Filters vs Hidden Markov Models for Prosthetic Robot Hand Grasp Selection
Authors: Sharif Mohammadreza
Published: June 2021

Robotic prosthetic hands are commonly controlled using electromyography (EMG) signals as a means of inferring user intention. However, relying on EMG signals alone, although provides very good results in lab settings, is not sufficiently robust to real-life conditions. For this reason, taking advantage of other contextual clues are proposed in previous works. In this work, we propose a method for intention inference based on particle filtering (PF) based on user hand's trajectory information. Our methodology, also provides an estimate of time-to-arrive, i.e. time left until reaching to the object, which is an essential variable in successful grasping of objects. The proposed probabilistic framework can incorporate available sources of information to improve the inference process. We also provide a data-driven method based on hidden Markov model (HMM) as a baseline for intention inference. HMM is widely used for human gesture classification. The algorithms were tested (and trained) with regards to 160 reaching trajectories collected from 10 subjects reaching to one of four objects at a time.
Crop and Weed Classication Using Pixel-wise Segmentation on Ground and Aerial Images
Authors: Fawakherji Mulham
Published: June 2021

Articial Intelligence (AI) is a key tool in agriculture for implementing sus-
tainable strategies for weed control. In traditional weed control, the agro-chemical
inputs are uniformly applied to the eld, while innovative approaches using AI
aim at minimizing the usage of chemical inputs thanks to local applications. In
this paper, we focus on agricultural robotics systems that address the weeding
problem by means of selective spraying or mechanical removal of the detected
weeds. We present a set of deep learning based methods designed to enable
a robot to eciently perform an accurate weed/crop classication from RGB
or RGB+NIR (Near Infrared) images. In particular, we use two Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNNs) to simplify and speed up the training process. A rst
encoder-decoder segmentation network is designed to perform a "plant-type ag-
nostic" segmentation between vegetation and soil. Each plant is hence classied
between crop and weeds by using a second network, depending on the type of
pipeline, for patch-level or pixel-level classication. We introduce also a third
CNN, specically designed for setups with limited resources, like in small UAVs
(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), that exploits the proposed encoder-decoder seg-
mentation network to eciently estimate crop/weeds local statistics. Quantita-
tive experimental results, obtained using multiple publicly available datasets,
demonstrate the eectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Real-time Driving Context Understanding using Deep Grid Net: A
Granular Approach
Authors: Marina Liviu A.
Published: June 2021

Numerous self-driving cars algorithms rely on grid maps for motion
planning, obstacles avoidance, or environment perception. Obtained from fused
sensory information, the occupancy grids (OGs) are nowadays among the most
popular solutions used in series production in the automotive industry. In this paper, we extend Deep Grid Net (DGN) [18], a deep learning (DL) system designed
for understanding the context in which an autonomous car is driving. We consider
this paper a granular approach to DGN method due to the improvements added
to the original research [18]. DGN incorporates a learned driving environment
representation based on OGs obtained from raw real-world Lidar data and constructed on top of the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory. Our system is able to predict
in real-time if the vehicle is driving on the highway, on county roads, inside a
city, in parking lots or is stuck in a traffic jam. The predicted driving context is
further used for switching between different autonomous driving strategies implemented within EB robinos, Elektrobit’s Autonomous Driving (AD) software
platform. We propose a neuroevolutionary approach to search the optimal hyperparameters set of DGN. Genetic algorithms (GAs) were selected due to their
demonstrated capabilities to evolve deep neural networks with improved accuracy and processing speed. The performance of the proposed deep network has
been evaluated against similar competing driving context estimation classifiers.
Generating Metrically Accurate Homeric Poetry with
Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Lamar Annie K
Published: June 2021

We investigate the generation of metrically accurate Homeric
poetry using recurrent neural networks (RNN). We assess two models:
a basic encoder-decoder RNN and the hierarchical recurrent encoderdecoder model (HRED). We assess the quality of the generated lines of
poetry using quantitative metrical analysis and expert evaluation. This
evaluation reveals that while the basic encoder-decoder is able to capture
complex poetic meter, it under performs in terms of semantic coherence.
The HRED model, however, produces more semantically coherent lines
of poetry but is unable to capture the meter. Our research highlights the
importance of expert evaluation and suggests that future research should
focus on encoder-decoder models that balance various types of input –
both immediate and long-range.
INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN OBAT DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SECARA TRADISIONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DI DESA AMESIU KABUPATEN KONAWE, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Alkawi Alkawi , Rondonuwu Sendy Beatrix , Kandou Febby Ester Fany
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Amesiu village is one of the areas that has a considerable potency of medicinal plants. This study aims to inventory the types of plants used as medicine and to study the utilization of medicinal plants in the village of Pondidaha Pondidaha District Konawe. This study uses qualitative deskrpative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data of the research results are analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of descriptions, tables and images. The results showed that in Amesiu Village there are 39 species of 27 plant families used by the community as traditional medicine materials. Organs or parts of plants that are utilized as the manufacture of medicinal herbs, namely roots, rhizomes, tubers, stems, bark, leaves, fruits and seeds. The most widely used part of plants as medicine is leaves. The processing process is done by boiling, shredded, pounded and burned. The most widely used way of processing is boiled. Types of diseases that can be treated with medicinal plants as many as 31 types of diseases.  Keywords : Inventory, Medicinal Plants, Amesiu Village ABSTRAKDesa Amesiu merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi tumbuhan obat yang cukup banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat  dan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat di Desa Amesiu Kecamatan Pondidaha Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskrptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi, tabel dan  gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Desa Amesiu terdapat 39 spesies dari 27 famili tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan pengobatan tradisional. Organ atau bagian tumbuhan yang dimanfaaatkan sebagai pembuatan ramuan obat yaitu akar, rimpang, umbi, batang, kulit batang, daun, buah dan biji. Bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai obat yaitu daun. Proses pengolahan dilakukan dengan cara direbus, diparut, ditumbuk dan dibakar. Cara pengolahan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah direbus. Jenis penyakit yang dapat diobati dengan tumbuhan obat sebanyak 31 jenis penyakit.  Kata kunci : Inventarisasi, Tumbuhan Obat, Desa Amesiu