bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Illegal Military Recruitment and Constitutional Law:The Judicial Protection of Forced Recruits in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico
Authors: James Timothy M.
Published: July 2019

Juana Tapia did not know how to sign her own name. Yet, on September 12, 1900, Tapia successfully initiated a suit in federal district court for her son's release from military service. Her son, Miguel Álvarez, had been imprisoned by a local prefect during the recent municipal elections in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, for alleged criminal activities. Instead of consigning Álvarez to a criminal judge to be prosecuted for these alleged crimes, the local prefect had ordered Tapia's son to nearby Torim to serve in the Mexican army's twelfth battalion.
CLAH Lecture:Every History a Question, Every Question a Community
Authors: Stern Steve J.
Published: July 2019

My experience of doing Latin American history has been inseparable from dialogical and communal dynamics. In my view, every history is a question, and behind every question is a community or set of communities. So let me begin with a question made famous by Marc Bloch: What's the use of history? Looking at our globalized society, where short-term commercialism runs rampant, and breeds temptation to push aside broad education in critical thought while pursuing a more narrowly focused credential, we can ask the question again. What indeed is the use of history? It's a legitimate question. Students have a right to know what we think about it. They may have experienced history in school as learning stuff that doesn't seem relevant.
Energetic Electron Precipitation Occurrence Rates Determined Using the Syowa East SuperDARN Radar
Authors: Bland Emma C. , Partamies Noora , Heino Erkka , Yukimatu Akira Sessai , Miyaoka Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate that the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar at Syowa station, Antarctica, can be used to detect high frequency radio wave attenuation in the D region ionosphere during energetic electron precipitation (EEP) events. EEP‐related attenuation is identified in the radar data as a sudden reduction in the backscatter power and background noise parameters. We focus initially on EEP associated with pulsating aurora and use images from a colocated all‐sky camera as a validation data set for the radar‐based EEP event detection method. Our results show that high‐frequency attenuation that commences during periods of optical pulsating aurora typically continues for 2–4 hr after the camera stops imaging at dawn. We then use the radar data to determine EEP occurrence rates as a function of magnetic local time (MLT) using a database of 555 events detected in 2011. EEP occurrence rates are highest in the early morning sector and lowest at around 15:00–18:00 MLT. The postmidnight and morning sector occurrence rates exhibit significant seasonal variations, reaching approximately 50% in the winter and 15% in the summer, whereas no seasonal variations were observed in other MLT sectors. The mean event lifetime determined from the radar data was 2.25 hr, and 10% of events had lifetimes exceeding 5 hr.
Concurrent Jovian S‐Burst Beaming as Observed From LWA1, NDA, and Ukrainian Radio Telescopes
Authors: Imai Masafumi , Lecacheux Alain , Clarke Tracy E. , Higgins Charles A. , Panchenko Mykhaylo , Zakharenko Vyacheslav V. , Brazhenko Anatolii I. , Frantsuzenko Anatolii V. , Ivantyshin Oleg N. , Konovalenko Alexandr A. , Koshovyy Volodymyr V.
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the statistical property of Jupiter's millisecond burst (S‐burst) beaming for Io‐related decametric (Io‐DAM) sources from a ground‐based radio telescope network. To do so, we performed simultaneous observations of Jovian Io‐DAM S‐bursts from 15 January through 4 May 2016 for a total of nine events using several radio telescopes. These radio telescopes include the Long Wavelength Array station One (LWA1) in the United States, Nançay Decameter Array (NDA) in France, and three large radio telescopes (UTR2, URAN2, and URAN3) in Ukraine. We conducted a cross‐correlation analysis of the S‐burst spectrograms in a frequency range of 10.5 to 33 MHz over effective baselines of up to 8,950 km. We found that the beaming of the S‐bursts is formed on the flashlight‐like structure within an east‐west beam width of 2.75" for Io‐A/C, 2.63" for Io‐A', and 2.75" for Io‐B/D. In parallel, the flashlight‐like beam was completely filled because the results from all usable pairs of telescopes supported this model. Hence, these beam widths directly correspond to the minimum cone thickness where a radio source emanates over large solid angles from the same direction of Jupiter, as opposed to a localized radio source emitting over small solid angles along active magnetic flux tubes that are tied to Io's orbital motion in Jupiter's rotation frame (beacon‐like structure). Additionally, this cross‐correlation technique shows a practical benefit of producing statistical profiles of S‐bursts.
Shining a Spotlight on LGBTQ+ Visibility in STEM
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: July 2019

LGBTQ+ researchers and communities are working to establish visibility and acceptance in the sciences. How is STEM evolving to welcome them?
Effect of Fault Roughness on Aftershock Distribution: Plastic Off‐Fault Material Properties
Authors: Aslam Khurram S. , Daub Eric G.
Published: July 2019

We perform spontaneous earthquake rupture simulations on rough strike‐slip faults with off‐fault plastic material properties. We examine the off‐fault stress change and coseismic damage pattern resulting from dynamic fault slip. We use the stress output from each simulation to calculate the Coulomb failure function (CFF). We calculate the CFF values on the extensional and compressional side of the fault using parallel receiver fault orientations. We also calculate the CFF values on the extensional side of the fault using variable receiver fault orientations determined using the angle at which plastic shear strain is maximum. We calculate the probability density function for the CFF values across the fault as a function of distance. We observe a similar overall trend of the CFF values with distance for the extensional and compressional sides—our simulations show a broad range of values in the near‐fault region, while a narrow range of values occurs further from the fault. In the near‐fault region, we observe many more positive CFF change zones using variable receiver fault orientations than using parallel orientations. We calculate the areas and amplitudes of these positive CFF zones as a function of distance away from the fault. Our comparison of CFF amplitudes as a function of rupture area suggests that the spatial aftershock distribution surrounding a fault is controlled by both stress heterogeneity and the coseismic damage zone complexity. The calculations of rupture areas using our model are consistent with ruptured areas of observed aftershocks in California.
A Method of Estimating Equatorial Plasma Vertical Drift Velocity and Its Evaluation Using C/NOFS Observations
Authors: Marew H. , Nigussie M. , Hui D. , Damitie B.
Published: July 2019

To understand the dynamics of the equatorial ionosphere and mitigate its effect on radio wave propagation, vertical ion drift velocity empirical models have been developed using limited ground‐based and/or space‐based observations. These models, however, have not yet been validated in detail using recent observations for sufficiently different longitudinal sectors. In this paper we have evaluated the performance of two empirical models and also propose a simplified vertical drift velocity model based on basic physics laws (i.e., Ampere's and Ohm's laws) that we call it parameterized drift velocity (PDV) model. These models have been applied to estimate the E region electric field and the associated F region E × B drift velocity using observed horizontal magnetic fields, due to equatorial electrojet current, as model driver input. Drift velocities obtained from these models are compared with the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite in situ vertical drift observations for different longitudinal sectors. It is found, for all longitudinal sectors considered in this study, that the vertical drift velocity obtained from a model based on physics laws has shown better agreement with C/NOFS observations as compared to the outputs of other empirical models. Moreover, it is shown that the Anderson empirical model performs better than the International Reference Ionosphere model.
Coseismic Groundwater Drawdown Along Crustal Ruptures During the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto Earthquake
Authors: Hosono T. , Yamada C. , Shibata T. , Tawara Y. , Wang C.‐Y. , Manga M. , Rahman A. T. M. S. , Shimada J.
Published: July 2019

Groundwater‐level changes after earthquakes provide insight into changes in hydrogeological properties such as permeability and pore pressure. Quantifying such changes, both their location and magnitude, is usually hindered by limited data. Using extensive high‐resolution water‐level monitoring records, we provide direct evidence of significant groundwater drawdown (4.74‐m maximum) over a 160‐km2 area along crustal ruptures after the Mw 7.0, 2016, Kumamoto earthquake. Approximately 106 m3 of water disappeared within 35 min after the main shock. The loss of water was not caused by static‐strain driven pore‐pressure decrease nor by releasing of water through structural pathways, but most likely by water transfer downwards through open cracks. Such changes may impact the security of water resources, the safety of underground waste repositories, and contaminant transport in seismically active areas.
Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by VP1 contribute to pulmonary edema during EV71 infection
Authors: Wang Nan , Yang Xiaofan , Sun Jiandong , Sun Zhixiao , Ma Qiyun , Wang Zhengxia , Chen Zhongqi , Wang Zibin , Hu Fan , Wang Huijuan , Zhou Linfu , Zhang Mingshun , Xu Juan
Published: July 2019

Pulmonary edema is a fatal complication of EV71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). The pathogenesis of EV71-induced pulmonary edema remains largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of the capsid protein VP1 in the occurrence of EV71-induced pulmonary edema. The intranasal inoculation of recombinant VP1 protein caused lung inflammation with an elevation of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils infiltration. Moreover, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were observed in the lung parenchyma of the mice treated with VP1. VP1 directly induced the formation of NETs, which depended on PAD4. VP1 also damaged the lung barrier via the reduction of the tight junction protein occludin. Moreover, the EV71 attachment receptor vimentin was increased upon VP1 administration. In contrast, NETs decreased vimentin levels, suggesting a novel role for NETs in viral immune defense. These results evidenced a direct role of VP1 in EV71-induced pulmonary edema and demonstrated that NETs may be both harmful and beneficial in EV71 infection.
Development of functional dendrisomes based on a single molecule of polyesterbenzylether dendrimer and their application in cancer stem cell therapy
Authors: Mu Li-Min , Liu Lei , Liu Rui , Duan Jia-Lun , Ma Shuang , Li Xue-Qi , Cui Yi-Nuo , Su Zhan-Bo , Zhang Xiao , Hu Jian-Xing , Xie Ying , Zheng Ying , Lu Wan-Liang
Published: July 2019

The differentiation therapy of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents a significant strategy to treat cancer, but inefficient delivery to CSCs hinders the efficacy of differentiation agents. In this work, we report a type of functional dendrisomes constructed by the synthesized amphiphilic dendrimers, which enhance cellular uptake by breast CSCs, differentiate breast CSCs by carrying all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and increase the anticancer efficacy by carrying ATRA and docetaxel (DTX) in vitro and in breast cancer-bearing mice. The study further reveals the mechanism of cellular uptake by breast CSCs and uncovers the differentiation mechanism by analyzing relevant signal molecules, transcription factors, and cell cycle-associated signaling pathways during differentiation therapy in breast CSCs. Hence, this study offers a novel type of functional dendrisomes for differentiation therapy of breast CSCs and has significant clinical implications.
Using cell sheets to regenerate mouse submandibular glands
Authors: Nam Kihoon , Kim Kyungsook , Dean Spencer M. , Brown Callie T. , Davis Ryan S. , Okano Teruo , Baker Olga J.
Published: July 2019

Temperature-responsive polymer grafted tissue culture dishes release cells as confluent living sheets in response to small changes in temperature, with recovered cell sheets retaining cell–cell communications, functional extracellular matrices and tissue-like behaviors. These features promote tissue regeneration and improve transplantation efficacy in various tissues including cartilage, heart, kidney, liver, endometrium, cornea, middle ear, periodontium, and esophageal living sheet transplants. However, the functional effects of cell sheets for salivary gland regeneration to treat hyposalivation have not yet been studied. Thus, the present study aims to both establish the viability of thermoresponsive cell sheets for use in salivary glands and then explore the delivery option (i.e., single vs. multiple layers) that would result in the most complete tissue growth in terms of cell differentiation and recovered tissue integrity. Results indicate that single cell sheets form polarized structures that maintain cell–cell junctions and secretory granules in vitro while layering of two-single cell sheets forms a glandular-like pattern in vitro. Moreover, double layer cell sheets enhance tissue formation, cell differentiation and saliva secretion in vivo. In contrast, single cell sheets demonstrated only modest gains relative to the robust growth seen with the double layer variety. Together, these data verify the utility of thermoresponsive cell sheets for use in salivary glands and indicates the double layer form to provide the best option in terms of cell differentiation and recovered tissue integrity, thereby offering a potential new therapeutic strategy for treating hyposalivation.
A draft genome for Spatholobus suberectus
Authors: Qin Shuangshuang , Wu Lingqing , Wei Kunhua , Liang Ying , Song Zhijun , Zhou Xiaolei , Wang Shuo , Li Mingjie , Wu Qinghua , Zhang Kaijian , Hui Yuanyuan , Wang Shuying , Miao Jianhua , Zhang Zhongyi
Published: July 2019

Spatholobus suberectus Dunn(S.suberectus), which belongs to the Leguminosae, is an important medicinal plant in China. Owing to its long growth cycle and increased use in human medicine, wild resources ofS.suberectushave decreased rapidly and may be on the verge of extinction.De novoassembly of the wholeS.suberectusgenome provides us a critical potential resource towards biosynthesis of the main bioactive components and seed development regulation mechanism of this plant. Utilizing several sequencing technologies such as Illumina HiSeq X Ten, single-molecule real-time sequencing, 10x Genomics, as well as new assembly techniques such as FALCON and chromatin interaction mapping (Hi-C), we assembled a chromosome-scale genome about 798 Mb in size. In total, 748 Mb (93.73%) of the contig sequences were anchored onto nine chromosomes with the longest scaffold being 103.57 Mb. Further annotation analyses predicted 31,634 protein-coding genes, of which 93.9% have been functionally annotated. All data generated in this study is available in public databases.
Author Correction: Ceratosaur palaeobiology: new insights on evolution and ecology of the southern rulers
Authors: Delcourt Rafael
Published: July 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Multiple nitrogen functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent: synthesis, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies for the removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution
Authors: Ojemaye Mike O. , Okoh Anthony I.
Published: July 2019

The continuous demand for clean and affordable water needed for the survival of man is now a major challenge globally. Therefore, the treatment of wastewater generated from printing, textile and dyeing industries containing soluble dyes like rhodamine B (Rh-B) is of utmost important. This study investigates the efficiency of new multifunctionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNP-Tppy) for the removal of cationic Rh-B from aqueous solution. To afford MNP-Tppy, the surface of MNP was covalently functionalized with terpyridine ligand to enable an anionic charge on the adsorbent. The results of characterization including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infra–red spectroscopy (FTIR) indicate that this superparamagnetic nanoparticle functionalized with multiple nitrogen atoms was successfully synthesized. Adsorption experiments involving the effect of pH, time, temperature, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration show that the maximum adsorption of Rh-B using MNP-Tppy was observed at pH 9 and removal was observed to increase as solution pH increases. Similarly, time variation shows that adsorbate removal increases as adsorption time increases until the removal attained equilibrium at 15 min. Kinetic studies conducted among four kinetic models using the data obtained from effect of time indicate that the adsorption process can best be described by the pseudo-second order model. Isotherm studies conducted at three different temperatures revealed that Langmuir isotherm model fitted well for the equilibrium data with qm value of 113.64 mg g−1 and thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process involving the removal of Rh-B from aqueous solution by MNP-Tppy is spontaneous, endothermic and realistic in nature. Lastly, Reusability experiments indicate that MNP-Tppy can be regenerated and re-used.
Dual roles for the ER membrane protein complex in flavivirus infection: viral entry and protein biogenesis
Authors: Barrows Nicholas J. , Anglero-Rodriguez Yesseinia , Kim Byungil , Jamison Sharon F. , Le Sommer Caroline , McGee Charles E. , Pearson James L. , Dimopoulos George , Ascano Manuel , Bradrick Shelton S. , Garcia-Blanco Mariano A.
Published: July 2019

Hundreds of cellular host factors are required to support dengue virus infection, but their identity and roles are incompletely characterized. Here, we identify human host dependency factors required for efficient dengue virus-2 (DENV2) infection of human cells. We focused on two, TTC35 and TMEM111, which we previously demonstrated to be required for yellow fever virus (YFV) infection and others subsequently showed were also required by other flaviviruses. These proteins are components of the human endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC), which has roles in ER-associated protein biogenesis and lipid metabolism. We report that DENV, YFV and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections were strikingly inhibited, while West Nile virus infection was unchanged, in cells that lack EMC subunit 4. Furthermore, targeted depletion of EMC subunits in live mosquitoes significantly reduced DENV2 propagation in vivo. Using a novel uncoating assay, which measures interactions between host RNA-binding proteins and incoming viral RNA, we show that EMC is required at or prior to virus uncoating. Importantly, we uncovered a second and important role for the EMC. The complex is required for viral protein accumulation in a cell line harboring a ZIKV replicon, indicating that EMC participates in the complex process of viral protein biogenesis.
Elastolytic activity of cysteine cathepsins K, S, and V promotes vascular calcification
Authors: Andrault Pierre-Marie , Panwar Preety , Mackenzie Neil C. W. , Brömme Dieter
Published: July 2019

Elastin plays an important role in maintaining blood vessel integrity. Proteolytic degradation of elastin in the vascular system promotes the development of atherosclerosis, including blood vessel calcification. Cysteine cathepsins have been implicated in this process, however, their role in disease progression and associated complications remains unclear. Here, we showed that the degradation of vascular elastin by cathepsins (Cat) K, S, and V directly stimulates the mineralization of elastin and that mineralized insoluble elastin fibers were ~25–30% more resistant to CatK, S, and V degradation when compared to native elastin. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy investigations showed that insoluble elastin predigested by CatK, S, or V displayed an elemental percentage in calcium and phosphate up to 8-fold higher when compared to non-digested elastin. Cathepsin-generated elastin peptides increased the calcification of MOVAS-1 cells acting through the ERK1/2 pathway by 34–36%. We made similar observations when cathepsin-generated elastin peptides were added toex vivomouse aorta rings. Altogether, our data suggest that CatK-, S-, and V-mediated elastolysis directly accelerates the mineralization of the vascular matrix by the generation of nucleation points in the elastin matrix and indirectly by elastin-derived peptides stimulating the calcification by vascular smooth muscle cells. Both processes inversely protect against further extracellular matrix degradation.
Association between a High-Potassium Diet and Hearing Thresholds in the Korean Adult Population
Authors: Jung Da Jung , Lee Jae Young , Cho Kyu Hyang , Lee Kyu-Yup , Do Jun Young , Kang Seok Hui
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the association between potassium intake and hearing thresholds in the Korean adult population. Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Participants were divided into tertiles on the basis of their potassium intake as follows: low, middle, and high. Pure-tone audiometry was performed using an automated audiometer. We calculated as the average threshold at the low-frequency pure-tone average (0.5 and 1 kHz), mid-frequency pure-tone average (2 and 3 kHz), and high-frequency pure-tone average (4 and 6 kHz). The average hearing threshold (AHT) was calculated as the pure-tone average of the thresholds at 0.5~3 kHz. Hearing loss (HL) was defined as an AHT of >40 dB in the better ear. There were 1975 participants each in the low, middle, and high tertile groups. The four different average hearing thresholds significantly decreased with an increase in the potassium intake tertile. Multivariate analysis revealed that the four different average hearing thresholds were significantly lower in the high tertile group than in the other two groups. In addition, univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the potassium intake level was inversely associated with each of the four different average hearing thresholds. Analyses of participants matched based on propensity scores and participants not matched based on propensity scores yielded similar results. The results of this study suggest that high potassium intake levels were associated with a lower prevalence of HL and lower hearing thresholds in the Korean adult population.
Type 1 Diabetes: an Association Between Autoimmunity, the Dynamics of Gut Amyloid-producing E. coli and Their Phages
Authors: Tetz George , Brown Stuart M. , Hao Yuhan , Tetz Victor
Published: July 2019

The etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a common autoimmune disorder, is not completely understood. Recent studies suggested the gut microbiome plays a role in T1D. We have used public longitudinal microbiome data from T1D patients to analyze amyloid-producing bacterial composition and found a significant association between initially high amyloid-producing Escherichia coli abundance, subsequent E. coli depletion prior to seroconversion, and T1D development. In children who presented seroconversion or developed T1D, we observed an increase in the E. coli phage/E. coli ratio prior to E. coli depletion, suggesting that the decrease in E. coli was due to prophage activation. Evaluation of the role of phages in amyloid release from E. coli biofilms in vitro suggested an indirect role of the bacterial phages in the modulation of host immunity. This study for the first time suggests that amyloid-producing E. coli, their phages, and bacteria-derived amyloid might be involved in pro-diabetic pathway activation in children at risk for T1D.
Spontaneous electromagnetic induction promotes the formation of economical neuronal network structure via self-organization process
Authors: Wang Rong , Fan Yongchen , Wu Ying
Published: July 2019

Developed through evolution, brain neural system self-organizes into an economical and dynamic network structure with the modulation of repetitive neuronal firing activities through synaptic plasticity. These highly variable electric activities inevitably produce a spontaneous magnetic field, which also significantly modulates the dynamic neuronal behaviors in the brain. However, how this spontaneous electromagnetic induction affects the self-organization process and what is its role in the formation of an economical neuronal network still have not been reported. Here, we investigate the effects of spontaneous electromagnetic induction on the self-organization process and the topological properties of the self-organized neuronal network. We first find that spontaneous electromagnetic induction slows down the self-organization process of the neuronal network by decreasing the neuronal excitability. In addition, spontaneous electromagnetic induction can result in a more homogeneous directed-weighted network structure with lower causal relationship and less modularity which supports weaker neuronal synchronization. Furthermore, we show that spontaneous electromagnetic induction can reconfigure synaptic connections to optimize the economical connectivity pattern of self-organized neuronal networks, endowing it with enhanced local and global efficiency from the perspective of graph theory. Our results reveal the critical role of spontaneous electromagnetic induction in the formation of an economical self-organized neuronal network and are also helpful for understanding the evolution of the brain neural system.
MicroRNA signature refine response prediction in CML
Authors: Alves Raquel , Gonçalves Ana Cristina , Jorge Joana , Marques Gilberto , Luís Dino , Ribeiro André B. , Freitas-Tavares Paulo , Oliveiros Bárbara , Almeida António M. , Sarmento-Ribeiro Ana Bela
Published: July 2019

microRNAs (miRs) dysregulation have emerged as a crucial step in tumorigenesis, being related with cancer development, progression and response to treatment. In chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is responsible for treatment failure and could be linked to changes in miRs expression. This work aimed to correlate the expression levels of 3 miRs, miR-21, miR-26b and miR-451, with response to TKI treatment in CML patients. miR-451 levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with optimal response after 6 and 12 months of therapy. Conversely, patients without optimal response had highest levels of miR-21. miR-21 and miR-451 appear to be good biomarkers of response, able to predict optimal TKI responders (p < 0.05). Using the combined profile of both miRs, we create a predictive model of optimal response after one year of treatment. This study highlights the role of miR-21 and miR-451 expression levels at diagnosis in predicting which patients achieve the optimal response.
Fluorescence Invigoration in Carbon-Incorporated Zinc Oxide Nanowires from Passage of Field Emission Electrons
Authors: Bah Andrew , Lim Kim Yong , Wei Fuhua , Khursheed Anjam , Sow Chorng Haur
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate that carbon incorporated Zinc Oxide (C-ZnO) nanowires (NWs) exhibit remarkable improvement in the extent and quality of fluorescence emission after they are utilized as an electron source in a field emission experiment. After the passage of field emission electrons, the intensity of the fluorescence emitted from these NWs in the visible light range exhibits a 2.5 to 8 fold enhancement. The intrinsic exciton peak of the ZnO also becomes heightened, along with the crystalline quality of the NWs showing marked improvement. This invigoration of fluorescence across the entire fluorescence spectrum is attributed to concurrent removal of oxygen and carbon atoms in C-ZnO NWs due to electro-migration of atoms and joule heating during the field emission process. Applications based on ZnO NWs emission from excitonic emissions or visible wavelength emissions or both can benefit from this straightforward method of defect engineering.
Visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG) to discriminate prediabetes and diabetes
Authors: Ahn Nayeon , Baumeister Sebastian E. , Amann Ute , Rathmann Wolfgang , Peters Annette , Huth Cornelia , Thorand Barbara , Meisinger Christa
Published: July 2019

The present study evaluated the ability of the visceral adiposity index (VAI), the lipid accumulation product (LAP), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG), three novel, insulin resistance-related markers, to discriminate prediabetes/diabetes in the general German population. Altogether 2,045 Germans (31–72 years, 53.3% women) without known diabetes and a history of Myocardial Infarction (MI)/stroke from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 Study were eligible. The discriminatory accuracy of the markers for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-defined prediabetes/diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The Youden Index (YI) was used to determine optimal cut-off values, and a non-parametric ROC regression was used to examine whether the discriminatory accuracy varied by sex and age. 365 men (38.2%) and 257 women (23.6%) were newly diagnosed with prediabetes/diabetes. AUCs for TyG, LAP and VAI were 0.762 (95% CI 0.740–0.784), 0.743 (95% CI 0.720–0.765), and 0.687 (95% CI 0.662–0.712), respectively. The optimal cut-off values for the LAP and TyG were 56.70 and 8.75 in men, and 30.40 and 8.53 in women. In conclusion, TyG and LAP provide good discrimination of persons with prediabetes/diabetes.
Identification of P genome chromosomes in Agropyron cristatum and wheat-A. cristatum derivative lines by FISH
Authors: Han Haiming , Liu Weihua , Zhang Jinpeng , Zhou Shenghui , Yang Xinming , Li Xiuquan , Li Lihui
Published: July 2019

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (P genome) is cultivated as pasture fodder and can provide many desirable genes for wheat improvement. With the development of genomics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology, probes for identifying plant chromosomes were also developed. However, there are few reports on A. cristatum chromosomes. Here, FISH with the repeated sequences pAcTRT1 and pAcpCR2 enabled the identification of all diploid A. cristatum chromosomes. An integrated idiogram of A. cristatum chromosomes was constructed based on the FISH patterns of five diploid A. cristatum individuals. Structural polymorphisms of homologous chromosomes were observed not only among different individuals but also within individuals. Moreover, seventeen wheat-A. cristatum introgression lines containing different P genome chromosomes were identified with pAcTRT1 and pAcpCR2 probes. The arrangement of chromosomes in diploid A. cristatum was determined by identifying correspondence between the P chromosomes in these genetically identified introgression lines and diploid A. cristatum chromosomes. The two probes were also effective for discriminating all chromosomes of tetraploid A. cristatum, and the differences between two tetraploid A. cristatum accessions were similar to the polymorphisms among individuals of diploid A. cristatum. Collectively, the results provide an effective means for chromosome identification and phylogenetic studies of P genome chromosomes.
Land-change dynamics and ecosystem service trends across the central high-Andean Puna
Authors: Madrigal-Martínez Santiago , Miralles i García José Luis
Published: July 2019

Mountain landscapes provide multiple ecosystem services that are continually vulnerable to land-change. These complex variations over space and time need to be clustered and explained to develop efficient and sustainable land management processes. We completed a spatiotemporal analysis that describes how different patterns of 6 land-change dynamics impact on the supply of 7 ecosystem services over a period of 13 years and across 25 provinces in the central high-Andean Puna of Peru. The appraisal describes: (1) how clusters of land-change dynamics are linked to ecosystem service bundles; (2) which are the dominant land-change dynamics that influence changes in ecosystem service bundles and (3) how multiple ecosystem service provision and relationships vary over space and time. Our analysis addressed agricultural intensification, agricultural de-intensification, natural processes and deforestation as the most critical land-change dynamics across the central high-Andean region over time. Our results show that most of the provinces were mainly described by a small set of land-change dynamics that configured four types of ecosystem service bundles. Moreover, our study demonstrated that different patterns of land-change dynamics can have the same influence on the ecosystem service bundle development, and transformation of large areas are not necessarily equivalent to high variations in ecosystem service supply. Overall, this study provides an approach to facilitate the incorporation of ES at multiple scales allowing an easy interpretation of the region development that can contribute to land management actions and policy decisions.
Light triggered encapsulation and release of C60 with a photoswitchable TPE-based supramolecular tweezers
Authors: Samanta Mousumi , Rananaware Anushri , Nadimetla Dinesh N. , Rahaman Sk. Atiur , Saha Monochura , Jadhav Ratan W. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit
Published: July 2019

Stimuli responsive hosts for C60 can control its binding and release on demand. A photoswitchable TPE based supramolecular host can encapsulate C60 in the Z-form with a markedly different visual change in the colour. In addition, the Z-1 bound C60 has been characterized by various spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. Upon exposure to visible light (>490 nm), the host switches to the E-form where the structural complementarity with the guest is destroyed as a result of which the C60 is disassembled from the host. The results described herein reveals an actionable roadmap to pursue further advances in component self-assembly particularly light-induced association and dissociation of a guest molecule.
Step-by-step analysis of drinking water treatment trains using size-exclusion chromatography to fingerprint and track protein-like and humic/fulvic-like fractions of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Ignatev Alexey , Tuhkanen Tuula
Published: July 2019

The removal of UV absorbing and fluorescent DOM fractions of tyrosine-, tryptophan-, and fulvic/humic-like compounds at different steps of drinking water treatment was systematically evaluated using size-exclusion chromatography.
Enumeration of de novo inorganic complexes for chemical discovery and machine learning
Authors: Gugler Stefan , Janet Jon Paul , Kulik Heather J.
Published: July 2019

Enumerated, de novo transition metal complexes have unique spin state properties and accelerate machine learning model training.
Surface functionalized 3D carbon fiber boosts the lithium storage behaviour of transition metal oxide nanowires via strong electronic interaction and tunable adsorption energy
Authors: Hu Lei , Gao Yingxia , Xiong Tuzhi , Adekoya David , Qiu Weitao , Yang Hao , Balogun M.-Sadeeq (Jie Tang) , Zhang Shanqing , Pan Anlian , Li Yuping , Tong Yexiang
Published: July 2019

This work confirm that strong electronic interactions exists between Li-ion intercalation-based electrodes and 3D carbon-based current collectors, allowing shift in the p-adsorption energy level towards enhanced Li-ion storage performance.
Low-temperature atomic layer deposition of Al2O3/alucone nanolaminates for OLED encapsulation
Authors: Chen Guixiong , Weng Yalian , Sun Fan , Zhou Xiongtu , Wu Chaoxing , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Zhang Yongai
Published: July 2019

Al2O3/alucone laminates were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD), showing good barrier properties. These laminates were found to prolong the lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) evidently.
A “weak acid and weak base” type fluorescent probe for sensing pH: mechanism and application in living cells
Authors: Jiao Chunpeng , Pang Jingxiang , Shen Li , Lu Wenjuan , Zhang Pingping , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Jing , Jia Xianhui , Wang Yanfeng
Published: July 2019

When the probe was in the protonation process, the fluorescence intensity gradually decreased, whereas when the probe was in the deprotonation process, the fluorescence intensity gradually increased.
Preparation of a nanoporous Cu–Ag solid solution with enhanced sono-Fenton-like catalytic activity
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Zhangzhong , Chu Yajie , Cheng Jialin , Yu Hao , Huang Jindu , Huo Renjie , Guo Chunli
Published: July 2019

NPCS with an extreme fine microstructure displayed superior sono-Fenton-like catalytic activity compared to NPC.
Characterization of the Agilkia region through discrete-element simulation of Philae’s rebound
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Küppers Michael , Grieger Björn , Shang Haibin
Published: July 2019

Context. The cold gas system and anchoring harpoons that were designed to hold Philae down after it landed on the Agilkia region of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) failed. This caused the lander to move on a complex trajectory that comprised multiple impacts and rebounds. The motion of Philae was mainly dominated by the gravitational environment and the physical properties of the surface on Agilkia. This allows us to determine the physical properties of the surface layer by high-fidelity discrete-element simulations of Philae’s rebounds.

Aims. We explore the surface physical properties of the Agilkia region on comet 67P by minimizing the difference in Philae’s rebound status between observational data and simulations based on the assumption of a granular-boulder hybrid surface material.

Methods. We first developed an efficient gravity model to accurately approximate the high-resolution polyhedral shape of the comet. This allowed us to run many simulations for the landing trajectory. We developed a complete dynamical model of the motion of Philae, including a mechanical model of the lander and the hybrid surface model. This focused in particular on the interaction of discrete elements in Philae and the granular regolith layer with a boulder added on top of it. We used mixed discrete optimization to determine the input physical variables on Agilkia to fit the rebound observational data (Philae’s rebound velocity).

Results. The discrete-element simulation constrained by Philae’s rebound velocity implies that Philae first impacted on a boulder and scratched it with the landing gear. After this, its three soles interacted with the granular regolith, which consists of particles with a mean diameter of 0.014 ± 0.004 cm. The thickness of the region interaction is estimated to be 0.272 ± 0.062 m with a corresponding density of 1443 ± 231 kg m−3. The Young modulus for each particle is estimated to be 108 Pa. Based on a porosity of 0.75, the friction of the surface of particles is derived to be moderate, with a friction coefficient of about 0.6.
Pacing profiles of master athletes according to their predicted finishing time
Authors: Piacentini Maria Francesca , Reda Dario , Minganti Carlo , Baldassarre Roberto , Tarperi Cantor , Festa Luca , Skroce Kristina , Schena Federico , La Torre Antonio
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of recreational master runners to accurately maintain their pre-race target time and compare pacing and perceived exertion (RPE) of different groups of athletes according to how close they were to their predicted time. One hundred and seventy half marathoners (n = 135 males; 45 ± 6.6 yrs and n = 35 females; 41.1 ± 6 years) were divided in three groups (slower [SL; n = 52], target [TAR; n = 57] and faster [FA; n = 61]) based on the difference between final time and predicted time (OBJ). Time splits and RPE were collected every 7 km. The Hazard Score (HS) was calculated by multiplying the momentary RPE by the remaining fraction of the race. Differences between and within groups was calculated by using a separate mixed ANOVAs for repeated measures. SL group started at target pace thereafter decreased speed significantly. TAR started faster and significantly decreased speed at km 14. FA group started faster than OBJ with no difference in splits. RPE and HS showed no differences between groups. Results of the present study demonstrate different pacing strategies between FA, TAR and SL master runners, in comparison to OBJ despite no differences in RPE or HS.
Individualisierung und Standardisierung – Die Vereinbarkeit zweier Gegensätze im Rahmen von Gesundheitsleistungen
Authors: Potempa Christoph
Published: July 2019

Sind Individualisierung und Standardisierung im Rahmen einer patientenorientierten und personalisierten Versorgung miteinander vereinbar? Basierend auf den Grundannahmen des Mass- Customization-Ansatzes liefern die Autoren um Töpfer et al. Gestaltungsempfehlungen für die Kombination beider Ansätze.
Digitalisierung – „Wir werden drängeln, wo wir es für nötig halten“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: July 2019

Prof. Jörg Debatin ist Chairman des neuen Health Innovation Hub (hih) beim Bundesgesundheitsministerium. Im Interview spricht er über mehr Tempo und bessere Vernetzung bei der Digitalisierung, wie der Hub innovative Ideen schneller fördern will – und warum sein Team sich nicht als digitales Feigenblatt für Jens Spahn sieht.
Impuls des Ausschusses Stationäre Versorgung der dggö – Krankenhausplanung heute – komplexe Herausforderungen planerischer Praxis
Authors: Karmann Alexander , Schmid Andreas
Published: July 2019

Der Ausschuss Stationäre Versorgung möchte durch diesen Beitrag einen Impuls geben, um der in der aktuellen gesundheitspolitischen Diskussion häufig etwas zu schlicht interpretierten Krankenhausplanung etwas mehr Aufmerksamkeit zukommen zu lassen. Hierzu werden im Folgenden einige Fallstricke kurz vorgestellt. Diese bleiben auch künftig, also beispielsweise auch unter den Vorzeichen einer sektorenübergreifenden Perspektive relevant.
Concepts and Challenges in the Surgical Management of Edentulous Mandible Fractures: A Case Series
Authors: Anehosur Venkatesh , Thakker Twinkle , Nagraj Nikhil , Kumar Niranjan
Published: July 2019

Functional rehabilitation of complex edentulous or atrophic mandibular fractures is surgically demanding. The high incidence of bone fractures in geriatric age group is secondary to the loss of bone mineral content with age. So far, there is no consensus regarding the best treatment for repair of fractures of the severely atrophic mandible. Thus, the choice of treatment for such fractures should be based on the degree of atrophy, considering its inverse relationship to the amount of rigid fixation required. Hence, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is considered to be a reliable method for treating the edentulous mandible fractures. The authors present a case series of patients treated with ORIF with load bearing (LB; reconstruction plate) and load sharing (LS; miniplates) principles. No complications related to infection, plate exposure, fibrous union, nonunion, and trismus, were observed.
Towards a new phenotype for tick resistance in beef and dairy cattle: a review
Authors: Burrow Heather M. , Mans Ben J. , Cardoso Fernando F. , Birkett Michael A. , Kotze Andrew C. , Hayes Ben J. , Mapholi Ntanganedzeni , Dzama Kennedy , Marufu Munyaradzi C. , Githaka Naftaly W. , Djikeng Appolinaire
Published: July 2019

About 80% of the world’s cattle are affected by ticks and tick-borne diseases, both of which cause significant production losses. Cattle host resistance to ticks is the most important factor affecting the economics of tick control, but it is largely neglected in tick-control programs due to technical difficulties and costs associated with identifying individual-animal variation in resistance. The present paper reviews the scientific literature to identify factors affecting resistance of cattle to ticks and the biological mechanisms of host tick resistance, to develop alternative phenotype(s) for tick resistance. If new cost-effective phenotype(s) can be developed and validated, then tick resistance of cattle could be genetically improved using genomic selection, and incorporated into breeding objectives to simultaneously improve cattle productive attributes and tick resistance. The phenotype(s) could also be used to improve tick control by using cattle management. On the basis of the present review, it is recommended that three possible phenotypes (haemolytic analysis; measures of skin hypersensitivity reactions; simplified artificial tick infestations) be further developed to determine their practical feasibility for consistently, cost-effectively and reliably measuring cattle tick resistance in thousands of individual animals in commercial and smallholder farmer herds in tropical and subtropical areas globally. During evaluation of these potential new phenotypes, additional measurements should be included to determine the possibility of developing a volatile-based resistance phenotype, to simultaneously improve cattle resistance to both ticks and biting flies. Because the current measurements of volatile chemistry do not satisfy the requirements of a simple, cost-effective phenotype for use in commercial cattle herds, consideration should also be given to inclusion of potentially simpler measures to enable indirect genetic selection for volatile-based resistance to ticks.
Paternal exposure to bupropion affects postnatal development in the offspring
Authors: Sanches E. S. A. M. , Tsuzuki F. , Joinhas F. , Figueiras G. B. , Moreira E. G. , Salles M. J. S.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether paternal exposure to bupropion hydrochloride (BUP), an inhibitor of dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake, would affect the postnatal development of offspring. Male mice were divided into a BUP-treated (40mgkg−1day−1 by gavage, 45 days) or control (saline by gavage, 45 days) group (n=20 in each group). From Day 35 to Day 45 of treatment, males were allowed to mate with drug-naïve female mice. Postnatal development of the offspring (both sexes) was evaluated from Postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND60. Physical development parameters (weight gain, body length, incisor eruption, pinna detachment), anogenital distance, vaginal opening, reflexes (palmar grasp, surface righting, negative geotaxis and adult gait) and some behavioural parameters (locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviour) were altered in the offspring of BUP-treated males. The results demonstrate that paternal exposure to BUP induces long-lasting changes in the postnatal development of the offspring.