bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Ferromagnetic-Ferroelectric-Substrate Multilayer Composites: Optimization of Volume Ratio Effect
Authors: Hasanyan Davresh J. , Harutyunyan Satenik , Davis Robert B.
Published: February 2016

The volume ratio between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases is an important parameter for magneto-electric (ME) composites. The ME voltage coefficients can be enhanced greatly at optimum volume ratio. However, no previous report has focused on the study of the volume ratio effect on ferromagnetic-ferroelectric-substrate multilayer composites. We consider an arbitrary laminated structure of length 2L and N layers. In this case, there is no middle plane of the bar that can serve as a plane of symmetry. For simplicity we assume that the multilayer structure is two dimensional (i.e. bar structure), and the field functions depending only on the space coordinates X1, X2. In the Cartesian system of coordinates the X1 axis is directed along the bar length, the X2 -across the width, and X3 is orthogonal to X1 and X2. It is assumed that piezoelectric layers are poled in the X1 direction (L-L mode). It should be mentioned that the proposed theory can be successfully applied to multilayer structures when the polarization direction of the piezoelectric layers is along the X2 direction, or when some of them are along the X1, and others along X2, or X3 directions. An averaging method is used for deriving effective material parameters of composites. We consider only (symmetric) extensional deformation in this model and at first ignore any (asymmetric) flexural deformations of the layers that would lead to a position dependent elastic constants and the need for other methods to be applied. Using the continuity conditions for magnetic and electric fields, as well as the open and closed circuit conditions, one obtains the analytic expression for longitudinal ME voltage coefficient, which depends on electro-mechanical material properties and thicknesses of the layers. Analytical expression for ME coefficient allows us to find the optimal volume ratio of layers, for which the ME coefficient approaches to its maximum value.
Orientation Effects in Short Fibre-Reinforced Elastomers
Authors: Ciambella Jacopo , Stanier David C.
Published: February 2016

The large strain behaviour of a short fibre-reinforced composite is studied through numerical simulations. The reinforcing fibres yield the macroscopic response transversely isotropic which is indeed the case of many reinforcements currently used in composites: short carbon fibres, cellulose whiskers, carbon nanotubes. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the reorientation of the fibres that takes place at large strain has a significant effect on the overall material response by changing the axis of isotropy. This behaviour can be adequately described by using a transversely isotropic model whose strain energy function depends on three invariants: two isotropic and one representing the stretch along the direction of the fibres. To assess its capabilities, the model is compared to the results of experiments carried out by the authors on nickel-coated chopped carbon fibres in a vulcanised natural rubber matrix for which the fibre orientation is achieved by controlling an external magnetic field prior to curing. Possible applications include micro-sized propulsion devices and actuators.
Focus Issue: Cell biology meets cancer therapy
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: February 2016

Newly discovered druggable targets and mechanisms of action for available drugs reveal new ways to kill cancer cells and personalize therapy.
Papers of note in
Science
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: February 2016

This week’s articles feature insights into the regulation of cellular metabolism, regulation of transcription, and regulation of the immune system.
A fibrotic trio
Authors: Gough Nancy R.
Published: February 2016

Signaling among macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts causes fibrosis in chronic lung injury models in mice.
Primary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma emerging from an adenomatous polyp in the setting of familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Detweiler Claire J , Cardona Diana M , Hsu David S , McCall Shannon J
Published: February 2016

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare inherited syndrome that is characterised by innumerable adenomas of the colon and rectum, a high risk of colorectal cancer and a variety of extracolonic manifestations. FAP presents as hundreds to thousands of colonic adenomas beginning in adolescence. The syndrome is associated with less than 1% of all colorectal cancer cases, but there is a nearly 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with FAP. This case demonstrates a 60-year-old man with FAP who developed high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with glandular and squamous differentiation, and regional lymph node and liver metastases. Early diagnosis of FAP is of the utmost importance to start screening colonoscopies to assess disease burden, perform polypectomies and to make management decisions. Neuroendocrine carcinomas rarely occur in patients with FAP, and awareness of this association among general medical physicians and pathologists is essential for the diagnosis and care of these patients.
Hypokalaemia and drinking green tea: a literature review and report of 2 cases
Authors: Chong Sebastian Jen Kin , Howard Kerry Antoinette , Knox Chloe
Published: February 2016

We report the association between excessive consumption of green tea and hypokalaemia in an Oriental couple. Both patients were asymptomatic and the abnormal electrolyte level was only detected on routine blood tests. When they were advised to reduce the consumption of green tea, the abnormally low potassium level was reversed. We have not found such an association reported in the medical literature. The health benefits of green tea consumption are well publicised but the potential side-effects of overconsumption are less well known. We would like to report this association to alert clinicians about this potentially serious complication. This is especially relevant for those who are also taking prescribed medications that can lower potassium levels and/or sensitise patients to potential harm from hypokalaemia.
Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling: experience in 327 patients
Authors: Deipolyi Amy , Bailin Alexander , Hirsch Joshua A , Walker T Gregory , Oklu Rahmi
Published: February 2016

Objective

To describe findings and outcomes of 331 bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) procedures performed in 327 patients evaluated for Cushing disease (CD).

Materials and methods

The radiology department's electronic database was searched to identify all BIPSS procedures (1990–2013). Electronic medical records were used to identify demographics, laboratory, procedural, surgical and pathologic findings.

Results

A total of 331 BIPSS procedures were performed in 327 patients (254 F, 73 M), mean age 41 (range 7–81) years. The overall technical success rate was 88% for bilateral cannulation, though nearly two-thirds of the technical failures had unilateral sampling that diagnosed CD. Of the 331 BIPSS procedures, 40 were performed without, and 291 with stimulation by Acthrel or desmopressin. Sensitivity was 89–94% for unstimulated BIPSS, 96% for stimulated BIPSS, and 77% for MRI. BIPSS lateralization was accurate in about half of patients, compared with 75% accuracy for MRI. Mean inferior petrosal sinus (IPS):peripheral adrenocorticotropic hormone ratio was 17.3 (SE 1.8) at baseline, and 99.2 (SE 14.8) at 3 min, with decreasing values over time. All patients with follow-up after surgical resection for centralizing BIPSS were reported to be cured, with cortisol levels significantly decreased from 19 to 4 μg/dL (p<0.0001). Complications from BIPSS were rare, including groin hematoma (2.5%), but no thromboembolic complications were seen.

Conclusions

BIPSS remains the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosing CD. Stimulation with Acthrel or desmopressin is key to increasing specificity. When only one IPS can be successfully cannulated, results may still be diagnostic. BIPSS findings cannot be used to accurately lateralize lesions within the pituitary.
The effects of seasonal processes on size spectrum dynamics
Authors: Datta Samik , Blanchard Julia L.
Published: February 2016

The recent advent of dynamic size spectrum models has allowed the analysis of life processes in marine ecosystems to be carried out without the high complexity arising from interspecies interactions within dense food webs. In this paper, we use “mizer”, a size spectrum modelling framework, to investigate the consequences of including the seasonal processes of plankton blooms and batch spawning in the model dynamics. A multispecies size spectrum model is constructed using 12 common North Sea fish species, with growth, predation, and mortality explicitly modelled, before simulating both seasonal plankton blooms and batch spawning of fish (using empirical data on the spawning patterns of each species). The effect of seasonality on the community size spectrum is investigated; it is found that with seasonal processes included, the species spectra are more varied over time, while the aggregated community spectrum remains fairly similar. Growth of seasonally spawning mature individuals drops significantly during peak reproduction, although lifetime growth curves follow nonseasonal ones closely. On analysing properties of the community spectrum under different fishing scenarios, seasonality generally causes more varied spectrum slopes and lower yields. Under seasonal conditions, increasing fishing effort also results in greater temporal variability of fisheries yields due to truncation of the community spectrum towards smaller sizes. Further work is needed to evaluate robustness of management strategies in the context of a wider range of seasonal processes and behavioural strategies, as well as longer term environmental variability and change.
Implementing the conditional value at risk approach for even-flow forest management planning
Authors: Eyvindson Kyle , Cheng Zhuo
Published: February 2016

Deciding on a plan of action for a forest holding involves a significant amount of uncertainty. As forest planning involves the use and extraction of resources, uncertainty lies in both the future development of the forest (biological uncertainty) and the development of the market for forest-based products (economic uncertainty). Additionally, natural hazards can be a source of unexpected losses. In traditional forest management planning, the most common way to deal with uncertainty is to ignore it. Growth models are used that are assumed to be correct, and timber prices are assumed to be held constant. By ignoring the fact that these models provide only one representation of what may happen, the forest owner may get an overly optimistic (or pessimistic) view of the potential value of the forest holding. Through a stochastic programming formulation, these uncertainties can be modelled directly into the optimization formulation, and a management plan can be created that incorporates the risk preferences of the decisionmaker. This is highlighted through an example that maximizes the net present value of the holding while minimizing the conditional value at risk of obtaining a stated even flow of income.
Chern forms of holomorphic Finsler vector bundles and some applications
Authors: Feng Huitao , Liu Kefeng , Wan Xueyuan
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we present two kinds of total Chern forms [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as well as a total Segre form [Formula: see text] of a holomorphic Finsler vector bundle [Formula: see text] expressed by the Finsler metric [Formula: see text], which answers a question of Faran [The equivalence problem for complex Finsler Hamiltonians, in Finsler Geometry, Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 196 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1996), pp. 133–144] to some extent. As some applications, we show that the signed Segre forms [Formula: see text] are positive [Formula: see text]-forms on [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is of positive Kobayashi curvature; we prove, under an extra assumption, that a Finsler–Einstein vector bundle in the sense of Kobayashi is semi-stable; we introduce a new definition of a flat Finsler metric, which is weaker than Aikou’s one [Finsler geometry on complex vector bundles, in A Sampler of Riemann–Finsler Geometry, MSRI Publications, Vol. 50 (Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 83–105] and prove that a holomorphic vector bundle is Finsler flat in our sense if and only if it is Hermitian flat.
Super-Resolution Based on Clustered Examples
Authors: Tu Ching Ting , Lin Hsiau Wen , Lin Hwei-Jen , Li Yue Shen
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we propose an improved version of the neighbor embedding super-resolution (SR) algorithm proposed by Chang et al. [Super-resolution through neighbor embedding, in Proc. 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(CVPR), Vol. 1 (2004), pp. 275–282]. The neighbor embedding SR algorithm requires intensive computational time when finding the K nearest neighbors for the input patch in a huge set of training samples. We tackle this problem by clustering the training sample into a number of clusters, with which we first find for the input patch the nearest cluster center, and then find the K nearest neighbors in the corresponding cluster. In contrast to Chang’s method, which uses Euclidean distance to find the K nearest neighbors of a low-resolution patch, we define a similarity function and use that to find the K most similar neighbors of a low-resolution patch. We then use local linear embedding (LLE) [S. T. Roweis and L. K. Saul, Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding, Science 290(5500) (2000) 2323–2326] to find optimal coefficients, with which the linear combination of the K most similar neighbors best approaches the input patch. These coefficients are then used to form a linear combination of the K high-frequency patches corresponding to the K respective low-resolution patches (or the K most similar neighbors). The resulting high-frequency patch is then added to the enlarged (or up-sampled) version of the input patch. Experimental results show that the proposed clustering scheme efficiently reduces computational time without significantly affecting the performance.
Target Identification and Location Algorithm Based on SURF-BRISK Operator
Authors: Liu Qiong , Hui JiZhuang , Luo Li , Yang YanPu
Published: February 2016

Accurate and fast target image recognition is an important function of applications such as remote sensing imaging and medical imaging. However, an operator such as speeded up robust feature (SURF) cannot be accurately matched in the recognition process of a target image. This led us to propose the use of a method capable of matching identification, i.e. binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK) operators, in combination with SURF operators. The proposed algorithm combines the accuracy of SURF operators and the rapidity of BRISK operators to obtain a quick and accurate way of matching. The initial matching of image feature extraction for targets is performed using the SURF-BRISK algorithm, and similarity measurements of feature matching are performed for the feature points of initial matching using the Hamming distance. Then, secondary fine matching is performed using the M-estimator Sample and Consensus (MSAC) algorithm to eliminate mismatched point pairs in order to achieve recognition of target images. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates of the work piece are obtained by using a binocular stereo vision system to provide location coordinates for the robots to grasp the work pieces accurately. In the experiment, stereo vision matching is conducted for targets obtained using the SURF-BRISK algorithm, and the location coordinates of targets are passed to the robot controller. The experimental results show that if the special geometric distortion is neglected, this method can be adapted for accurate positioning of the target; hence, it can identify the target in complex environments, access the location coordinates of the target, and achieve accurate robotic grasping of the work piece in real time.
Human Action Recognition Using Motion History Image Based Temporal Segmentation
Authors: Lin Shou-Jen , Chao Mei-Hsuan , Lee Chao-Yang , Yang Chu-Sing
Published: February 2016

A human action recognition system based on image depth is proposed in this paper. Depth information features are not easily disturbed by noise; and due to this characteristic, the system can quickly extract foreground targets. Moreover, the target data, namely, depth and two-dimensional (2D) data, are projected to three orthogonal planes. In this manner, the action featured in the depth motion along the optical axis can clearly describe the trajectory. Based on the change of motion energy and the angle variations of motion orientations, the temporal segmentation (TS) method automatically segments the complex action into several simple movements. Three-dimensional (3D) data is further applied to acquire the three-viewpoint (3V) motion history trajectory, whereby a target’s motion is described through the motion history images (MHIs) from the 3Vs. The weightings corresponding to the gradients of the MHIs are included for determining the viewpoint that bests describe the target’s motion. In terms of feature extraction, the application of multi-resolution motion history histograms can effectively reduce the computational load and achieve a high recognition rate. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively solve the self-occlusion problem.
A coupled surface-Cahn–Hilliard bulk-diffusion system modeling lipid raft formation in cell membranes
Authors: Garcke Harald , Kampmann Johannes , Rätz Andreas , Röger Matthias
Published: February 2016

We propose and investigate a model for lipid raft formation and dynamics in biological membranes. The model describes the lipid composition of the membrane and an interaction with cholesterol. To account for cholesterol exchange between cytosol and cell membrane we couple a bulk-diffusion to an evolution equation on the membrane. The latter describes the relaxation dynamics for an energy which takes lipid–phase separation and lipid–cholesterol interaction energy into account. It takes the form of an (extended) Cahn–Hilliard equation. Different laws for the exchange term represent equilibrium and nonequilibrium models. We present a thermodynamic justification, analyze the respective qualitative behavior and derive asymptotic reductions of the model. In particular we present a formal asymptotic expansion near the sharp interface limit, where the membrane is separated into two pure phases of saturated and unsaturated lipids, respectively. Finally we perform numerical simulations and investigate the long-time behavior of the model and its parameter dependence. Both the mathematical analysis and the numerical simulations show the emergence of raft-like structures in the nonequilibrium case whereas in the equilibrium case only macrodomains survive in the long-time evolution.
On the cusp shape of hyperbolic knots
Authors: Yokota Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we give a formula of the cusp shape of hyperbolic knots by using potential functions which appears in the study of the volume conjecture.
The effects of nucleus form factors on the electromagnetically produced heavy lepton pairs
Authors: Şengül M. Y.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, the effects of different nucleus form factors to the cross-sections of electromagnetically produced heavy lepton pairs such as muons and tauons from the ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions have been calculated. Nucleus form factors play important roles in the calculation of the cross-sections, because the Compton wavelengths of muon and tauon are comparable to the radius of the colliding ions. Some realistic form factors in these calculations have been used and compared the results among them. It has been shown that nucleus form factors reduce the cross-section calculations for muon and tauon pair production very strongly especially at RHIC energies.
Shape evolution and energy spectra of Pt isotopes
Authors: Kun Yu , Zhou Xianrong , Cui Jiwei
Published: February 2016

The shapes and low-energy spectra of [Formula: see text]Pt isotopes are discussed by a nonrelativistic Skyrme–Hartree–Fock (SHF) approach plus a density-dependent pairing in the BCS approximation. Two different Skyrme parameters SLy5 and SGII are used to perform constrained triaxial mean-field calculations of energy surface. The calculations beyond mean field are introduced by a projection of mean-field intrinsic wave functions onto good angular momentum. Theoretical calculations exhibit the evolution of shapes from triaxial in light Pt isotopes to [Formula: see text] soft for medium Pt isotopes, and finally oblate shapes in heavy isotopes. In particular, the calculated excitation spectra are in good agreement with available data and the trend of experimental [Formula: see text] is reproduced. The mean-field calculations indicate a stable shape evolution with SLy5 and SGII interactions, respectively. In the present SHF approach, the lighter nuclei Pt isotopes present a slightly triaxial shapes.
A Combined Doppler Scale Estimation Scheme for Underwater Acoustic OFDM System
Authors: Ma Lu , Qiao Gang , Liu Songzuo
Published: February 2016

Since the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is severely limited by frequency-dependent Doppler shifts over underwater acoustic (UWA) channels, a combined Doppler scale estimation scheme is proposed, containing two steps: (1) the initial Doppler scale estimation via transmitting two identical short OFDM symbols preceded by a cyclic prefix (CP) as a preamble prior to the data transmission; and (2) fine synchronization and Doppler scale estimation for each CP-OFDM block are achieved by the CP-based method, and eventually the resampling methodology is adopted for nonuniform Doppler shifts compensation. The proposed scheme has been tested with real data from the Songhua Lake experiment where the transmitter is moving at a speed of about 2.5 m/s, and the Yellow sea trial in which the transmitter and receiver are floating freely with waves and currents. Excellent performance results are obtained by block-by-block processing, without buffering the whole packet, which is suitable for real-time receiver processing over time-varying UWA channels.
OFDM Demodulation Using Virtual Time Reversal Processing in Underwater Acoustic Communications
Authors: Yin Yanling , Liu Songzuo , Qiao Gang , Yang Yue , Yang Yue
Published: February 2016

The extremely long underwater channel delay spread causes severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) for underwater acoustic communications. Passive time reversal processing (PTRP) can effectively reduce the channel time dispersion in a simple way via convolving the received packet with a time reversed probe signal (PS). However, the PS itself may introduce extra noise and interference (self-correlation of the PS). In this paper, we propose a virtual time reversal processing (VTRP) for single input single output (SISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It convolves the received packet with the reversed estimated channel, instead of the PS to reduce the interference. Two sparse channel estimation methods, matching pursuit (MP), and basis pursuit denoising (BPDN), are adopted to estimate the channel impulse response (CIR). We compare the performance of VTRP with the PTRP and without any time reversal processing through MATLAB simulations and the pool experiments. The results reveal that VTRP has outstanding performance over time-invariant channels.
Computing Acoustic Transmission Loss Using 3D Gaussian Ray Bundles in Geodetic Coordinates
Authors: Reilly Sean M. , Potty Gopu R. , Goodrich Michael
Published: February 2016

This paper defines a new three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian ray bundling model in geodetic coordinates: latitude, longitude, and altitude. Derivations are provided for 3D refraction, 3D interface reflection, 3D eigenray detection, and a 3D variant of the Comprehensive Acoustic System Simulation (CASS)/Gaussian Ray Bundling (GRAB) model. This approach allows environmental parameters and their derivatives are computed directly in latitude, longitude, and depth directions without reducing the problem to a series of [Formula: see text] Cartesian projections. Our model supports 3D effects such as great circle routes and horizontal refraction in sloped environments. Key test results are included for ray path refraction accuracy using a Munk profile, Gaussian beam projection into the shadow zone for an [Formula: see text] linear profile, and horizontal refraction from a 3D analytic wedge. Testing to date indicates that this approach has accuracy at least as good as CASS/GRAB, but with improved execution speed benefits for large numbers of targets, and 3D transmission loss effects.
Temporal Coherence of Acoustic Signal Transmissions in a Fluctuating Deep Ocean
Authors: Xiao Peng , Yang Kun-de
Published: February 2016

Temporal coherence of a propagating signal in the fluctuating ocean is an important property for many practical applications. In previous studies, it has been shown that the coherence time follows a [Formula: see text] power frequency dependence and a [Formula: see text] power range dependence for long-range deep-water propagations as well as for shallow water propagations. In this paper, the frequency and range dependences are studied for a relative near distance in the deep ocean based on the Monte Carlo simulations. The range is tens of kilometers and it cannot be regard as a long-range propagation. It is found in this paper that the [Formula: see text] power frequency dependence is still followed, while the simple [Formula: see text] power relationship is inadequate to show the range dependence in the near field of deep water. The signals mainly propagate through two different paths for tens of kilometers: the refracted path and the reflected paths. In different regions, the acoustic coherence times exhibit different dependences because the signals are dominated by different types of rays. The [Formula: see text] power range dependence still holds for the same kind of ray path.
Singular critical points for variational free boundary problem from isoparametric hypersurfaces
Authors: Wang Lizhou
Published: February 2016

We construct three families of singular critical points for a variational free boundary problem. These critical points are homogeneous solutions of degree one to some overdetermined boundary value problem. The intersections of the level sets of these solutions with the unit sphere are isoparametric hypersurfaces and their focal submanifolds.
Multiple solutions for the p-Laplacian equations with concave nonlinearities via Morse theory
Authors: Sun Mingzheng , Su Jiabao , Cai Hongrui
Published: February 2016

In this paper, by Morse theory, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the [Formula: see text]-Laplacian equation with a “concave” nonlinearity and a parameter. In our results, we do not need any additional global condition on the nonlinearities, except for a subcritical growth condition.
Vertex Lie algebras and cyclotomic coinvariants
Authors: Vicedo Benoît , Young Charles
Published: February 2016

Given a vertex Lie algebra [Formula: see text] equipped with an action by automorphisms of a cyclic group [Formula: see text], we define spaces of cyclotomic coinvariants over the Riemann sphere. These are quotients of tensor products of smooth modules over “local” Lie algebras [Formula: see text] assigned to marked points [Formula: see text], by the action of a “global” Lie algebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-equivariant functions. On the other hand, the universal enveloping vertex algebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is itself a vertex Lie algebra with an induced action of [Formula: see text]. This gives “big” analogs of the Lie algebras above. From these we construct the space of “big” cyclotomic coinvariants, i.e. coinvariants with respect to [Formula: see text]. We prove that these two definitions of cyclotomic coinvariants in fact coincide, provided the origin is included as a marked point. As a corollary, we prove a result on the functoriality of cyclotomic coinvariants which we require for the solution of cyclotomic Gaudin models in [B. Vicedo and C. Young, Cyclotomic Gaudin models: Construction and Bethe ansatz, preprint (2014); arXiv:1409.6937]. At the origin, which is fixed by [Formula: see text], one must assign a module over the stable subalgebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. This module becomes a [Formula: see text]-quasi-module in the sense of Li. As a bi-product we obtain an iterate formula for such quasi-modules.
Artin theorem for semigroups
Authors: Hakobyan T. A. , Movsisyan Yu. M.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we prove an Artin type theorem for semigroups. Namely, we consider the concepts of hyperalternative and hyperassociative semigroups and prove that every two elements in any hyperalternative semigroup generate a hyperassociative subsemigroup. As a consequence, we characterize all hyperalternative semigroups, and prove that these semigroups form a variety of semigroups with four identities.
Optical Properties of Neodymium Oxide Nanoparticle-Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Film
Authors: Keikhaei Mansoureh , Motevalizadeh Leili , Attaran-Kakhki Ebrahim
Published: February 2016

The structural and optical characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) doped with different concentration of Nd2O3nanoparticles to use an active media for polymer laser were studied. The PVA polymer was considered as the host and Nd2O3nanoparticles as the active element. The media as a thin film was prepared using spin coating technique. Structural properties of layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and atomic force microscope (AFM) technique. The effect of the concentrations of the neodymium source on the optical properties of Nd2O3/PVA thin films was investigated through UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and their optical band gap was evaluated. Also, the FTIR and fluorescence spectra of the samples were detected. The fluorescence spectra of films showed that the maximum wavelength occurred at 568[Formula: see text]nm with no significant shift.
Electrochemical Sensing, Photocatalytic and Biological Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles: Synthesis via Green Chemistry Route
Authors: Yadav L. S. Reddy , Archana B. , Lingaraju K. , Kavitha C. , Suresh D. , Nagabhushana H. , Nagaraju G.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we have successfully synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (Nps) via solution combustion method using sugarcane juice as the novel fuel. The structure and morphology of the synthesized ZnO Nps have been analyzed using various analytical tools. The synthesized ZnO Nps exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue dye, indicating that the ZnO Nps are potential photocatalytic semiconductor materials. The synthesized ZnO Nps also show good electrochemical sensing of dopamine. ZnO Nps exhibit significant bactericidal activity against Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eschesichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, the ZnO Nps show good antioxidant activity by potentially scavenging 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The above studies clearly demonstrate versatile applications of ZnO synthesized by simple eco-friendly route.
Synthesis of Colloidal Quantum Dots Coated with Mercaptosuccinic Acid for Early Detection and Therapeutics of Oral Cancers
Authors: Jocelin G. , Arivarasan A. , Ganesan M. , Prasad N. Rajendra , Sasikala G.
Published: February 2016

Quantum dots (QDs) are gaining widespread recognition for its luminescence behavior and unique photo physical properties as a bio-marker and inorganic fluorophore. In spite of such rampant advantages, its application is clinically hampered depending on the surface coating decreasing its luminescence efficiency. The present study reports preparation of CdTe QDs capped with biologically active thiol based material, mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) for diagnosis of oral cancer (KB) cells by acting as a fluorophore marking targeted tumor cells and at the same time exhibiting certain cytotoxic effects. Synthesized MSA coated CdTe QDs is spherical in shape with an average particle size of 3–5[Formula: see text]nm. In vitro, the rapid uptake of MSA CdTe QDs in oral cancer cell lines were assessed through fluorescence microscopy. Further, this study evaluates the therapeutic efficiency of MSA CdTe QDs in human oral cancer cell lines using MTT analysis. MSA CdTe QDs exhibit significant cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells in a dose dependent manner with low IC50 when compared with other raw CdTe QDs. MSA CdTe QDs were also treated with human lymphocytes (normal cells) to assess and compare the toxicity profile of QDs in normal and oral tumors. The results of our present study strengthen our hypothesis of using MSA CdTe QDs as detector for tracking and fluorescence imaging of oral cancer cells and exhibiting sufficient cytotoxicity in them.
Enhancing Financial Portfolio Robustness with an Objective Based on ϵ-Neighborhoods
Authors: Luna Francisco , Quintana David , García Sandra , Isasi Pedro
Published: February 2016

Financial portfolio optimization is a challenging task. One of the major difficulties is managing the uncertainty arising from different aspects of the process. This paper suggests a solution based on [Formula: see text]-neighborhoods that, combined with a time-stamped resampling mechanism, increases the robustness of the solutions. The approach is tested on four of the most popular evolutionary multiobjective algorithms over a long period of time. This results in a significant enhancement in the reliability of the estimated efficient frontier.
High-lying vibrational energies and analytical potential energy functions for some electronic states of diatomic ions
Authors: Zhang Chun Guo , Fan Qun Chao , Fan Zhi Xiang , Li Hui Dong , Fu Jia
Published: February 2016

The full vibrational spectra especially those high-lying vibrational energies in the dissociation region of the electronic state [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text] state of [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states of [Formula: see text] are obtained using the variational algebraic method (VAM). Then, an analytical potential energy function (APEF) with adjustable parameter [Formula: see text] for each electronic state is determined by the 4-terms variational algebraic energy consistent method (VAECM(4)) based on the VAM vibrational energies. The full vibrational energies, the vibrational spectroscopic constants, the force constants [Formula: see text], and the expansion coefficients [Formula: see text] of the potential are tabulated. Compared with experimental and other calculated results, accurate APEFs, vibrational energy levels and spectroscopic parameters are obtained with the VAECM(4) for the four electronic states of diatomic ions. The results show that the VAECM(4) method also applies to diatomic ion systems.
DFT computations on the hydrogen bonding interactions between methacrylic acid-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate copolymers and letrozole as drug delivery systems
Authors: Kazemi Saeedeh , Daryani Aliasghar Sarabi , Abdouss Majid , Shariatinia Zahra
Published: February 2016

The hydrogen bonding interactions between letrozole (Let) anticancer drug and three copolymers of methacrylic acid-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (M1–M3 as molecular imprinted polymers) were studied using density functional theory (DFT) at both B3LYP and B3PW91 levels. The binding energies were corrected for the basis set superposition error (BSSE) and zero-point vibrational energies (ZPVE) so that the most negative [Formula: see text] were measured for compounds 7 and 8 formed between M1 copolymer and endocyclic N1 and N2 atoms of drug, respectively. Also, among complexes 13–15 in which two copolymers were contributed in the formation of O–H[Formula: see text]N bonds with the drug, compound 13 (containing two M1 copolymers) showed the highest [Formula: see text] value. The interactions of all copolymers with drug were exergonic (spontaneous interaction) and exothermic. The QTAIM data supported the covalent character of the C–N, C–H, N–N, C–O, O–H and O–H[Formula: see text]N bonds, the intermediate nature of C[Formula: see text]N and C[Formula: see text]O bonds while the electrostatic character of C–H[Formula: see text]O, HC[Formula: see text]HC and CH[Formula: see text]N interactions. According to the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values, it was suggested that t complexes 7 and 8 (among two particles systems) as well as complex 13 (among three particles systems) can be the most promising drug delivery systems.
Variable deceleration parameter and dark energy models
Authors: Bishi Binaya K.
Published: February 2016

This paper deals with the Bianchi type-III dark energy model and equation of state parameter in a first class of [Formula: see text] gravity. Here, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] represents the Ricci scalar and trace of the energy momentum tensor, respectively. The exact solutions of the modified field equations are obtained by using (i) linear relation between expansion scalar and shear scalar, (ii) linear relation between state parameter and skewness parameter and (iii) variable deceleration parameter. To obtain the physically plausible cosmological models, the variable deceleration parameter with the suitable substitution leads to the scale factor of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are arbitrary constants. It is observed that our models are accelerating for [Formula: see text] and for [Formula: see text], transition phase from deceleration to acceleration. Further, we have discussed physical properties of the models.
Tube surfaces in pseudo-Galilean space
Authors: Dede Mustafa
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we introduce the tube surfaces in pseudo-Galilean 3-space. We classify the tube surfaces into two types according to the spine curve which generates the tube surface in pseudo-Galilean space. Moreover, we show that both types of tube surfaces are spacelike surfaces. Then, we begin to study the local geometry of the tube surfaces. We obtain the first and second fundamental forms of the tube surfaces. In addition, we investigate the Gauss and mean curvatures of the tube surfaces in pseudo-Galilean space.
Optimal control problem in an epidemic disease SIS model with stages and delays
Authors: Pei Yongzhen , Chen Miaomiao , Liang Xiyin , Xia Zhumei , Lv Yunfei , Li Changguo
Published: February 2016

Based on literature [J. Q. Li, Z. E. Ma and F. Q. Zhang, Stability analysis for an epidemic model with stage structure, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 9 (2008) 1672–1679], incorporating the recovery of the infected population with the length of the infectious periods, a modified epidemic disease SIS model with delay and stage was investigated. First, the criteria keeping stability with delay were given. Next, in order to lower the level of the infected individuals and minimize the cost of treatment, mixed, early and late therapeutic strategies were introduced into our model, respectively. Then we investigated the existence and uniqueness of optimal controls. And then, we expressed the unique optimal control in terms of the solution of the optimality systems. Finally, by numerical simulations, several important results were acquired: (1) The terminal time influenced the early optimal control largely. In detail, for a shorter terminal time it was optimal to initiate treatment with maximal effort at the start of the epidemic and continue treatment with maximal effort until the switch time was arrived. But for a longer terminal time, the maximal treatment effort need not be a prerequisite at the start or end of the epidemic but it was obligatory at the metaphase of the epidemic. (2) For our SIS model, minimizing the total infectious burden of the disease can be achieved by only early optimal treatment tactics. (3) For a disease with a shorter infectious period time, more cost would be spent to control the disease in order to achieve the optimal control objective. Otherwise, a relative lower cost would be to control the disease with a longer infectious period.
Rapid growth of SiO2 nanowires on carbon fiber
Authors: Ma Junfeng , Cai Shan , Lan Xuena
Published: February 2016

We report a novel preparing route to SiO2 nanowires, which can be regarded as a modified electrochemical process, where a single C fiber is used as a substrate on which SiO2 nanowires grow, and a heating source, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as an electrolyte and cooling medium. The preparing process can proceed well at ambient temperature and pressure. A good quality of SiO2 nanowires can be easily obtained at 160[Formula: see text]V for only 10[Formula: see text]s, and exhibit excellent photoluminescence (PL) property. Our study also shows that reaction time, current intensity, and TEOS concentration mainly govern the formation and growth of SiO2 nanowires. The morphology, structure and composition of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by SEM, XPS, Raman, FTIR, and PL, respectively.
Soft chemical synthesis of carbon-modified Ti3+ self-doped hierarchical porous TiO2 with enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Wang Zongsheng , Chen Wen , Song Yanbao , Chen Xuehua , Xie Tao
Published: February 2016

Carbon-modified Ti[Formula: see text] self-doped hierarchical porous titanium dioxides were synthesized by one-step soft chemical method. The contents of carbon and Ti[Formula: see text] of the catalysts were tuned through a facile heat treatment. The prepared photocatalysts possess well-packed uniform macropores with the size of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, mesoporous structure with the pore size of 5.9–6.8[Formula: see text]nm, and the specific surface area of 50–200[Formula: see text]m2/g. The results illustrate the carbon combined with TiO2 via the interfacial C[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]Ti bonds and the rich existence of Ti[Formula: see text]. The catalyst with 18[Formula: see text]wt.% carbon content exhibits a degradation ratio of crystal violet up to 97.5%. The enhanced photocatalysis is ascribed to the synergistic effect of carbon and Ti[Formula: see text]. The interfacial C[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]Ti bonds act as the pathway to transfer excited electrons and the Ti[Formula: see text] can trap the electrons to hinder the recombination of electrons and holes.
Superabsorbent Nanohydrogels of Poly (N-Isopropyl Acrylamide-Co-Itaconic Acid) Grafted on Starch — Synthesis and Swelling Study
Authors: Pourjamal Karim , Fathi Marziyeh , Entezami Ali Akbar , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Shadjou Nasrin
Published: February 2016

Biopolymer-based superabsorbent nanohydrogel consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide and itaconic acid (IA) was grafted on to starch backbone in an aqueous solution in the absence of the cross-linker agents. The copolymerization reaction occurred in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The effect of N-isopropylacrylamide-to-IA ratio and different concentrations of initiator were investigated. The nanohydrogel composition was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability was analyzed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were employed for determination of lower critical solution temperature in hydrogels. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed a narrow size distribution around 70–200[Formula: see text]nm for the synthesized nanohydrogels. The effects of pH on swelling behavior of the hydrogel were investigated. The obtained nanohydrogels, due to their pH and thermo dual sensitive properties, have the potential to be used in the drug delivery systems.
Drinking Water Salinity and Infant Mortality in Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Dasgupta Susmita , Huq Mainul , Wheeler David
Published: February 2016

This paper investigates the post-natal impact of pre-natal salinity exposure in coastal Bangladesh, drawing on extensive medical research that links the salinity of drinking water consumed during pregnancy to maternal hypertension, preeclampsia and post-partum infant morbidity and mortality. The research employs individual and household survey information from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 2004 and 2007. In the absence of direct, household-specific measures of drinking water salinity, we construct monthly estimates for 2001–2009 using spatial interpolation of readings from soil salinity monitors that lie within 40[Formula: see text]km of the DHS clusters. The analysis uses probit and logit models to estimate mortality probability for infants less than two months old. Controlling for many other determinants of infant mortality, we find high significance for salinity exposure during the last month of pregnancy and no significance for exposure during the preceding months. The implied impact is comparable in magnitude to the estimated effects of traditionally-cited variables such as maternal age and education, gender of the household head, household wealth, toilet facilities, drinking water sources and cooking fuels.
Genetic Investigation of Complement Pathway Genes in Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy: An Inflammatory Perspective
Authors: Yang Ming Ming , Wang Jun , Ren Hong , Sun Yun Duan , Fan Jiao Jie , Teng Yan , Li Yan Bo
Published: February 2016

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has complex multifactorial pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association of complement pathway genes with susceptibility to DR. Eight haplotype-tagging SNPs ofSERPING1andC5were genotyped in 570 subjects with type 2 diabetes: 295 DR patients (138 nonproliferative DR [NPDR] and 157 proliferative DR [PDR]) and 275 diabetic controls. Among the sixC5SNPs, a marginal association was first detected between rs17611 and total DR patients (P=0.009, OR = 0.53 for recessive model). In stratification analysis, a significant decrease in the frequencies of G allele and GG homozygosity for rs17611 was observed in PDR patients compared with diabetic controls (Pcorr= 0.032, OR = 0.65 andPcorr= 0.016, OR = 0.37, resp.); it was linked with a disease progression. A haplotype AA defined by the major alleles of rs17611 and rs1548782 was significantly predisposed to PDR with increased risk of 1.54 (Pcorr= 0.023). Regarding other variants inC5andSERPING1, none of the tagging SNPs had a significant association with DR and its subgroups (allP>0.05). Our study revealed an association between DR andC5polymorphisms with clinical significance, whereasSERPING1is not a major genetic component of DR. Our data suggest a link of complement pathway with DR pathogenesis.