bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omni- and unidirectional data unit photolithography for high similarity and multiple angular segment display-based encoded microparticle fabrication
Authors: Yoon Jinsik , Park Wook
Published: April 2022

In this study, we propose high similarity and multiple angular segment display-based encoded microparticle fabrication using omni- and unidirectional data unit photolithography systems. Uniform high-correlation values are obtained regardless of the decoding direction when an omnidirectional data unit is used. In addition, multiple display angles are analyzed based on unidirectional data units with varying slit widths. Finally, encoded microparticles for multiple angular segment displays are fabricated and selective information recognition is demonstrated.
Large-field structured illumination microscopy based on 2D grating and a spatial light modulator
Authors: Wen Kai , Fang Xiang , Ma Ying , Liu Min , An Sha , Zheng JuanJuan , Kozacki Tomasz , Gao Peng
Published: April 2022

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has been widely used in biological research due to its merits of fast imaging speed, minimal invasiveness, super-resolution, and optical sectioning imaging capability. However, the conventional SIM that uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) for fringe projection often has a limited imaging field of view. Herein, we report a large-field SIM technique that combines a 2D grating for fringe pattern projection and an SLM for selecting fringe orientation and performing phase shifting digitally. The proposed SIM technique breaks the bottleneck of fringe number limited by the digital projection devices, while maintaining the advantage of high-speed (digital) phase shifting of conventional SIM. The method avoids the pixilation and dispersion effects of the SLMs. Finally, a 1.8-fold resolution enhancement in a large field of 690 × 517 µm2 under a 20×/NA0.75 objective is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed technique can be widely applied to biology, chemistry, and industry.
Landscape heterogeneity affects diurnal raptor communities in a sub-tropical region of northwestern Himalayas, India
Authors: Kumar Sudesh , Sohil Asha , Kichloo Muzaffar A. , Sharma Neeraj
Published: April 2022

Raptors are highly sensitive to environmental and human-induced changes. In addition, several species of raptors exist in considerably small numbers. It is thus critical to conserve raptors and their habitats across relatively larger landscapes. We examined the diurnal raptor assemblages and seasonality in a subtropical habitat in India’s northwestern Himalayas. Quantitative data on diurnal birds of prey and their habitat features across six distinct habitat types were collected from 33 sample sites. We observed 3,434 individuals of 28 diurnal raptors belonging to two orders and three families during a two-year survey from December 2016 to November 2018. A significant variation in bird species richness and abundance was found across habitats and seasons, with farmlands and winters being the most diverse and speciose. The generalized linear model, used to determine raptor community responses, indicated that elevation and proximity to dumping sites significantly affected the raptor abundance. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in raptor assemblages across the habitat types. The study concluded that raptors’ persistence is largely determined by their preference for favourable feeding, roosting, and nesting opportunities. The presence of protected and habitat-exclusive species validates the high conservation importance of these ecosystems, particularly the forest patches and farmlands, necessitating robust conservation and management measures in this part of northwestern Himalaya.
Depression and suicidal ideation among medical students in a private medical college of Bangladesh. A cross sectional web based survey
Authors: Chomon Rifat Jahan
Published: April 2022

This study was done to investigate the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation among private medical students in Bangladesh. A total of 237 medical students participated in this cross-sectional web-based survey by e-questionnaire using the Google Form. The study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2020 at Enam Medical College and Hospital which is situated in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Out of 237 medical students, prevalence of depression was found 58.6%, and prevalence of suicidal ideation was found 27.4% which is higher than the global prevalence. Bivariate and multivariate analysis and logistic regression-based odds ratios (ORs) was done to see the association between grade of depression and suicidal thoughts with different variables. Association between grade of depression with family problems (x2 = 16.716, P = 0.001), drug addiction (x2 = 16.601, P = 0.001), committed relationship status (x2 = 40.292, P = <0.001) were statistically significant. Whereas, the association between suicidal thoughts with family problems (x2 = 29.881, P = <0.001), failed any subject during study (x2 = 12.024, P = 0.007), alcohol uses (x2 = 15.977, P = 0.001), drug addiction (x2 = 22.633, P = <0.001), committed relationship status (x2 = 35.219, P = <0.001) were statistically significant. However, medical students whom had to earn other than their family income were 2.3 times (OR: 2.285, 95% CL: 0.897, 5.820) greater prone to be depressed than those who do not had to earn by themselves. On the contrary, medical students who are single were 2.35 times (OR: 2.352, 95% CL: 0.926, 5.973) greater prone to have suicidal thoughts than the married students. This study showed that a large percentage of Bangladeshi medical students have been suffering from depression and suicidal ideation. Our recommendation for the authority of the medical colleges are, to build a system with counselling facilities inside every medical colleges in Bangladesh.
Analysis of regional agricultural carbon emission efficiency and influencing factors: Case study of Hubei Province in China
Authors: Shan Tengyu , Xia Yuxiang , Hu Chun , Zhang Shunxi , Zhang Jinghan , Xiao Yaodong , Dan Fangfang
Published: April 2022

In recent years, China’s industrial economy has grown rapidly and steadily. Concurrently, carbon emissions have gradually increased, among which agricultural production is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. It is necessary to reduce agricultural carbon emissions by improving their efficiency to achieve the global goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions in 2030. From a dynamic and static point of view, this study puts agricultural carbon emissions into the evaluation index system of agricultural carbon emission efficiency and analyzes the agricultural carbon emission efficiency and its influencing factors in Hubei Province. First, the unexpected output Slacks-based measure (SBM) model in data envelopment analysis was used to evaluate the agricultural carbon emission efficiency of Hubei Province in 2018 and compared it with other provinces horizontally. Second, the Malmquist–Luenberger index was used to analyze the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions in Hubei Province from 2004 to 2018. The role of technological progress and technical efficiency change in the development of low-carbon agriculture in Hubei Province was analyzed. The results showed that agricultural production efficiency in Hubei Province improved from 2004 to 2018, and the overall level was slightly higher than the average level in China. However, agriculture has not eliminated the extensive development modes of high input, low efficiency, high emission, and high pollution. The efficiency of technological progress in agricultural resource utilization in Hubei Province was close to the optimal level. The improvement space was small. Hence, the low efficiency of agricultural technology is a key factor restricting the improvement of agricultural production efficiency. The results provide a reference for low-carbon agricultural policy formulation and expand the policy choice path. This has practical significance.
Can forensic radiological skeletal age estimation be performed by examining ischiopubic-ilioischial-iliopubic synchondrosis in computed tomography images?
Authors: Gümüş Burak , Karavaş Erdal , Taydaş Onur
Published: April 2022

Introduction

In this study, we evaluated whether it is possible to perform forensic radiological skeletal age estimation via radiological examination of the ilioischial, ischiopubic, and iliopubic synchondrosis regions of the pelvis.

Methods

This study was conducted by retrospectively examining the abdominopelvic images of individuals aged 8–16 who had applied to the hospital for any reason without having a chronic disorder and who had undergone computed tomography. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the images. The BT images of the pelvis ilioischial, ischiopubic, and iliopubic synchondrosis regions were evaluated as follows: 0: open, 1: semiclosed, and 2: closed. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 17 program.

Results

Two hundred sixty-three children (118 girls and 145 boys) between the ages of 8 and 16 years without any health problems participated. There was a significant difference between the groups for all the evaluated synchondrosis joints in girls and boys (p<0.001 for each group comparison). We observed that ilioischial, ischiopubic, and iliopubic synchondrosis closed earlier in girls than boys. In addition, we found that the joints were closed at the age of 15 and over in boys and at 14 and over in girls.

Discussion

Some studies have previously evaluated synchondrosis by using computed tomography. We showed that forensic radiological skeletal age estimation could be performed by examining ischiopubic-ilioischial-iliopubic synchondrosis in pelvis computed tomography images. The pelvis is more resistant to decay than other parts of the body. Furthermore, pelvis bones can withst and the effects of postmortem animal attacks for a longer period. Therefore, we believe that forensic age estimation can be made on corpses with no extremity, a damaged chest, or whose only pelvic bones are assessable through the method we use.

Conclusion

In our study, the ischiopubic-ilioischial-iliopubic joints were open in those aged nine and under and closed in those aged 15 and above. Ilioischial, ischiopubic, and iliopubic synchondrosis were observed to close earlier in girls than in boys. We consider that our study will be beneficial in the 8-16-year-old age group if used. In addition, our study can be used to determine the radiological bone age in cases with wrist bone abnormalities or wrist amputation.
Trans-radial approach versus trans-femoral approach in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Senguttuvan Nagendra Boopathy , Reddy Pothireddy M. K. , Shankar PunatiHari , Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi , Yallanki Hanumath Prasad , Kumar Ashish , Majmundar Monil , Ramalingam Vadivelu , Rajendran Ravindran , Bhoopalan Kesavamoorthy , Kaliyamoorthy Dhamodharan , T. R. Muralidharan , Kalra Ankur , Jayaraj Ramamoorthi , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Daggubati Ramesh , Thanikachalam Sadagopan , Seth Ashok , Bahl Vinay Kumar
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Trans-radial approach (TRA) is recommended over trans-femoral approach (TFA) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We intended to study the effect of access on all-cause mortality.

Methods and results

We searched PubMed and EMBASE for randomized studies on patients with ACS undergoing PCI. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30-days. The secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event (MACE) as defined by the study, net adverse clinical event (NACE), non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, stent thrombosis, study-defined major bleeding, and minor bleeding, vascular complications, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, non-access site bleeding, need for transfusion, access site cross-over, contrast volume, procedure duration, and hospital stay duration. We studied 20,122 ACS patients, including 10,037 and 10,085 patients undergoing trans-radial and trans-femoral approaches, respectively. We found mortality benefit in patients with ACS for the trans-radial approach [(1.7% vs. 2.3%; RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.62–0.91; P = 0.004; I2 = 0%). Out of 10,465 patients with STEMI, 5,189 patients had TRA and 5,276 had TFA procedures. A similar benefit was observed in patients with STEMI alone [(2.3% vs. 3.3%; RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56–0.90; P = 0.004; I2 = 0%). We observed reduced MACE, NACE, major bleeding, vascular complications, and pseudoaneurysms. No difference in re-infarction, stroke, and serious bleeding requiring blood transfusions were noted. We noticed a small decrease in contrast volume(ml) {mean difference (95% CI): −4.6 [−8.5 to −0.7]}, small but significantly increase in procedural time {mean difference (95% CI) 1.2 [0.1 to 2.3]}and fluoroscopy time {mean difference (95% CI) 0.8 [0.3 to1.4] min} in the trans-radial group.

Conclusion

TRA has significantly reduced 30-day all-cause mortality among patients undergoing PCI for ACS. TRA should be the preferred vascular access in patients with ACS.
Expression of vimentin, TPI and MAT2A in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells during angiogenesis in vitro
Authors: Herre Christina , Nshdejan Arpenik , Klopfleisch Robert , Corte Giuliano Mario , Bahramsoltani Mahtab
Published: April 2022

Introduction

In vitro assays of angiogenesis face immense problems considering their reproducibility based on the inhomogeneous characters of endothelial cells (ECs). It is necessary to detect influencing factors, which affect the angiogenic potency of ECs.

Objective

This study aimed to analyse expression profiles of vimentin (VIM), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type–2 (MAT2A) during the whole angiogenic cascade in vitro. Furthermore, the impact of knocking down vimentin (VIM) on angiogenesis in vitro was evaluated, while monitoring TPI and MAT2A expression.

Methods

A long–term cultivation and angiogenic stimulation of human dermal microvascular ECs was performed. Cells were characterized via VEGFR–1 and VEGFR–2 expression and a shRNA–mediated knockdown of VIM was performed. The process of angiogenesis in vitro was quantified via morphological staging and mRNA–and protein–levels of all proteins were analysed.

Results

While native cells ran through the angiogenic cascade chronologically, knockdown cells only entered beginning stages of angiogenesis and died eventually. Cell cultures showing a higher VEGFR–1 expression survived exclusively and displayed an upregulation of MAT2A and TPI expression. Native cells highly expressed VIM in early stages, MAT2A mainly in the beginning and TPI during the course of angiogenesis in vitro.

Conclusion

VIM knockdown led to a deceleration of angiogenesis in vitro and knockdown cells displayed expressional changes in TPI and MAT2A. Cell populations with a higher number of stalk cells emerged as being more stable against manipulations and native expression profiles provided an indication of VIM and MAT2A being relevant predominantly in beginning stages and TPI during the whole angiogenic cascade in vitro.
Direct comparison of circulating tumor DNA sequencing assays with targeted large gene panels
Authors: Yu Lizhi , Lopez Gonzalo , Rassa John , Wang Yixin , Basavanhally Tara , Browne Andrew , Huang Chang-Pin , Dorsey Lauren , Jen Jin , Hersey Sarah
Published: April 2022

Next generation sequencing (NGS) assays with large targeted gene panels can comprehensively profile cancer somatic mutations in a tumor sample. Given the rapid adoption of such assays for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis in clinical oncology, it is essential for the community to understand their analytical performance in liquid biopsy settings. Here, we directly compared five ctDNA NGS assays, most of which having a panel of 400 or more genes, with simulated samples harboring mutations relevant to solid tumors or myeloid malignancy. Our results indicate that the detection sensitivity and reproducibility of all five assays was 90% or higher when the mutations were at 0.5% or 1.0% allele frequency, and with optimal DNA input of 30 ng or 50 ng per vendor’s protocol. The performances decreased and varied dramatically, when mutations were at a 0.1% allele frequency and/or when a lower genomic input of 10 ng DNA was used. Interestingly, one of the assays repeatedly showed higher rate of false positivity than the others across two different sample sets. Multiple intrinsic technical factors pertaining to the NGS assays were further investigated. Notable differences among the assays were seen for depth of coverage and background noise, which profoundly impacted assay performance. The results derived from this study are highly informative and provide a framework to assess and select suitable assays for specific application in cancer monitoring and potential clinical use.
Comprehensive transcriptome profiling of BET inhibitor-treated HepG2 cells
Authors: Baek Mina , Chai Jin Choul , Choi Hae In , Yoo Eunyoung , Binas Bert , Lee Young Seek , Jung Kyoung Hwa , Chai Young Gyu
Published: April 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and poor prognosis. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in HCC, suggesting epigenetic inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach. Indeed, the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors inhibit the proliferation and invasion of various cancers but still lack a strong mechanistic rationale. Here, we identified the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in human HCC cell line HepG2 treated with the BET inhibitors, JQ1, OTX015, or ABBV-075. We analyzed the correlation between DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in common for the three inhibitors based on their expression profiles and performed functional annotation pathway enrichment analysis. Most of these shared DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs, including some novel transcripts, were downregulated, indicating decreased proliferation/adhesion and increased apoptosis/inflammation. Our study suggests that BET proteins play a crucial role in regulating cancer progression-related genes and provide a valuable resource for novel putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
Remdesivir plus Dexamethasone in COVID-19: A cohort study of severe patients requiring high flow oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation
Authors: De Pascale Gennaro , Cutuli Salvatore Lucio , Carelli Simone , Xhemalaj Rikardo , Rosà Tommaso , Bello Giuseppe , Vargas Joel , Cesarano Melania , Montini Luca , Tanzarella Eloisa Sofia , Pintaudi Gabriele , Di Muro Mariangela , Grieco Domenico Luca , Antonelli Massimo
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Remdesivir and Dexamethasone represent the cornerstone of therapy for critically ill patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, clinical efficacy and safety of concomitant administration of Remdesivir and Dexamethasone (Rem-Dexa) in severe COVID-19 patients on high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) remains unknown.

Materials and methods

Prospective cohort study that was performed in two medical Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of a tertiary university hospital. The clinical impact of Rem-Dexa administration in hypoxemic patients with COVID-19, who required NIV or HFOT and selected on the simplified acute physiology score II, the sequential organ failure assessment score and the Charlson Comorbidity Index score, was investigated. The primary outcome was 28-day intubation rate; secondary outcomes were end-of-treatment clinical improvement and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, laboratory abnormalities and clinical complications, ICU and hospital length of stay, 28-day and 90-day mortality.

Results

We included 132 patients and found that 28-day intubation rate was significantly lower among Rem-Dexa group (19.7% vs 48.5%, p<0.01). Although the end-of-treatment clinical improvement was larger among Rem-Dexa group (69.7% vs 51.5%, p = 0.05), the 28-day and 90-day mortalities were similar (4.5% and 10.6% vs. 15.2% and 16.7%; p = 0.08 and p = 0.45, respectively). The logistic regression and Cox-regression models showed that concomitant Rem-Dexa therapy was associated with a reduction of 28-day intubation rate (OR 0.22, CI95% 0.05–0.94, p = 0.04), in absence of laboratory abnormalities and clinical complications (p = ns).

Conclusions

In COVID-19 critically ill patients receiving HFO or NIV, 28-day intubation rate was lower in patients who received Rem-Dexa and this finding corresponded to lower end-of-treatment clinical improvement. The individual contribution of either Remdesevir or Dexamethasone to the observed clinical effect should be further investigated.
Clinical course of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with remdesivir: A real-life study
Authors: Tejada Diana , Juanbeltz Regina , Rivero María , San Miguel Ramón , Capdevila Ferrán , Beloqui Juan José , Sarobe Maite
Published: April 2022

Background

There is currently much uncertainty regarding the most optimal treatment for COVID-19. This study analyze the change in the clinical condition of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia and treated with remdesivir in a real-life setting, based on the WHO Ordinal Scale. Clinical complications, treatment safety, and impact of other associated drugs were also analyzed.

Methods

We conducted an observational, retrospective study including patients treated with remdesivir. The need for admission to the ICU, the length of ICU and hospital stay, and the need for ventilatory support were analyzed. The laboratory parameters, drugs administered concomitantly, and difference in the length of hospital stay according to the concomitant treatment received were also evaluated. A univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze associated factors.

Results

A total of 92 patients were included. The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days, and 90% of the patients had been discharged from the hospital 28 days after starting treatment with remdesivir. The likelihood of hospital discharge among patients not presenting with hypertension as a comorbidity was significantly higher than that of those with this condition (HR = 3.19, P = 0.008). Nineteen patients had to be admitted to the ICU (mean of 18 days). Approximately 11% required invasive mechanical ventilation (mean of 22 days). Almost 37% of the patients received high-flow oxygen therapy and 14% non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Four deaths were recorded within the first week. Main adverse events were increases in transaminase and creatinine levels. Nosocomial infections were more frequent when remdesivir was combined with immunosuppressive drugs.

Conclusions

Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and treated with remdesivir require relatively prolonged hospital stays, many with a need for ventilatory support and, in a considerable proportion of cases, admission to the ICU. However, the observed survival rate is high, and the drug is well tolerated.
Healthcare worker trauma and related mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 outbreak in New York City
Authors: Yu Bo , Barnett Donell , Menon Vidya , Rabiee Lara , De Castro Yinelka Silverio , Kasubhai Moiz , Watkins Eren
Published: April 2022

Healthcare workers (HCWs) faced a range of stressors during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, contributing to psychological stress. We use a psychological trauma framework to characterize the mental health burden for clinical and non-clinical healthcare worker occupations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to measure and characterize risk factors for trauma and anxiety-related mental health problems among HCWs at a public hospital in the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City (NYC). This study reports findings from a cross-sectional survey of NYC HCWs shortly after the initial 2020 infection surge. Over 800 hospital employees completed the survey that assessed professional quality of life indicators (compassion satisfaction [CS], burnout [BO], secondary traumatic stress [STS]), Coronavirus Anxiety (CS), Obsession with Coronavirus (OC), and PTSD symptoms. The survey also assessed pandemic-related work and life circumstances such as “do you have a family member or friend who tested positive for COVID”. Relatively small percentages of HCWs endorsed probable Coronavirus Anxiety (6%), PTSD (13%), and Coronavirus Obsession (21%). We observed higher proportions of Burnout (29%), Moderate or High Secondary Traumatic Stress (45%), and High Compassion Satisfaction (52%). Adjusted regression models showed important implications for prior behavioral/emotional health concerns among HCWs, providing care for a patient that died from COVID-19, and other characteristics. This study supports prior studies documenting the mental health consequences for the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study builds on that base by including non-clinical staff in the sample and assessing pandemic life-stressors such as caring for sick family members.
Detection of residual and chemoresistant leukemic cells in an immune-competent mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia: Potential for unravelling their interactions with immunity
Authors: Mopin Alexia , Leprêtre Frédéric , Sebda Shéhérazade , Villenet Céline , Ben Khoud Meriem , Figeac Martin , Quesnel Bruno , Brinster Carine
Published: April 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by blocked differentiation and extensive proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors/precursors. Relapse is often observed after chemotherapy due to the presence of residual leukemic cells, which is also called minimal residual disease (MRD). Subclonal heterogeneity at diagnosis was found to be responsible for MRD after treatment. Patient xenograft mouse models are valuable tools for studying MRD after chemotherapy; however, the contribution of the immune system in these models is usually missing. To evaluate its role in leukemic persistence, we generated an immune-competent AML mouse model of persistence after chemotherapy treatment. We used well-characterized (phenotypically and genetically) subclones of the murine C1498 cell line stably expressing theZsGreenreporter gene and the WT1 protein, a valuable antigen. Accordingly, these subclones were also selected due to theirin vitroaracytidine (Ara-c) sensitivity. A combination of 3 subclones (expressing or not expressing WT1) was found to lead to prolonged mouse survival after Ara-c treatment (as long as 150 days). The presence of residual leukemic cells in the blood and BM of surviving mice indicated their persistence. Thus, a new mouse model that may offer insights into immune contributions to leukemic persistence was developed.
Awareness, perception and perpetration of cyberbullying by high school students and undergraduates in Thailand
Authors: Thumronglaohapun Salinee , Maneeton Benchalak , Maneeton Narong , Limpiti Sasikarn , Manojai Natthaporn , Chaijaruwanich Jeerayut , Kummaraka Unyamanee , Kardkasem Ruethaichanok , Muangmool Tanarat , Kawilapat Suttipong , Juntaping Kanokkarn , Traisathit Patrinee , Srikummoon Pimwarat
Published: April 2022

The modern online society requires everyone, especially children and young people, to learn how to use the Internet. Cyberbullying is one misuse that can be detrimental to the cyberbullied individuals’ mental health and lifestyle, and it often ends up with the victim becoming depressed, fearful of society, and in the worst cases, suicidal ideation. The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness, perception, and perpetration of cyberbullying by high school students and undergraduates to find ways to prevent cyberbullying in the future. For this cross-sectional study, data were collected in 2020 from 14 schools throughout Thailand and 4 universities in Chiang Mai, Thailand, using two-stage sampling. Chi-squared tests were used to compare differences between the groups. Of the 2,683 high school students, girls perceived cyberbullying more than boys (81.6% vs. 75.4%; p <0.001), with those from the later academic years being more aware of cyberbullying (p = 0.033) and more likely to conduct cyberbullying behavior (p = 0.027). Of the 721 undergraduates, women were more aware of cyberbullying than men (92.1% vs. 82.7%; p <0.001). The most common cause of cyberbullying was aiming to tease the target (67.6% of high school students vs. 82.5% of undergraduates). The most commonly cyberbullying victimization was sending mocking or rebuking messages (29.6% of high school students and 39.6% of undergraduates). The most popular solutions for cyberbullying were to avoid leaving a trace on social media and be with friends who accept who you are. Our findings show that most of the cyberbullying perpetrators did not consider that their actions would have serious consequences and only carried out cyberbullying because of wanting to tease their victims. This is useful information for the cyberbullying solution center, teachers, and parents to recognize how to make the students realize the effects of cyberbullying on the victims.
Association between time to emergency neurosurgery and clinical outcomes for spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke: A nationwide observational study
Authors: Kim Ki Hong , Ro Young Sun , Park Jeong Ho , Jeong Joo , Shin Sang Do , Moon Sungwoo
Published: April 2022

Objective

Spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke is a devastating disease with high mortality and grave neurological outcomes worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the elapsed time from emergency department (ED) visit to emergency neurosurgery and clinical outcomes in patients with spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted using the nationwide emergency database in Korea. Spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke patients who received neurosurgery within 12 hours of ED visit between January 2018 and December 2019 were enrolled. The main exposure was time to neurosurgery and the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted.

Results

Among 2,602 study populations (incidence rate: 2.5 per 100,000 person-years, 15.8% of SAH, 78.6% of ICH, and 5.6% of mixed type), 525 (20.2%) patients received surgery in the ultra-early (0–2 hours) group, 1,093 (42.0%) in the early (2–4 hours) group, and 984 (37.8%) in the late (4–12 hours) group. The early group showed better survival outcomes than the ultra-early and late group (in-hospital mortality 22.2% vs. 26.5% and 26.1%, p = 0.06). Compared to the late group, adjusted OR (95% CI) for in-hospital mortality was 0.78 (0.63–0.96) for the early group, while there was no significant difference in the ultra-early group (0.90 (0.69–1.16)).

Conclusions

Early neurosurgery within 2–4 hours of the ED visit was associated with favorable survival outcomes in patients with spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke.
Polyamine biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination are modulated by the DNA tumor virus KSHV and promote KSHV viral infection
Authors: Fiches Guillaume N. , Wu Zhenyu , Zhou Dawei , Biswas Ayan , Li Tai-Wei , Kong Weili , Jean Maxime , Santoso Netty G. , Zhu Jian
Published: April 2022

Polyamines are critical metabolites involved in various cellular processes and often dysregulated in cancers. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), a defined human oncogenic virus, leads to profound alterations of host metabolic landscape to favor development of KSHV-associated malignancies. In our studies, we identified that polyamine biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination are dynamically regulated by KSHV infection through modulation of key enzymes (ODC1 and DHPS) of these pathways. During KSHV latency, ODC1 and DHPS are upregulated along with increase of hypusinated eIF5A (hyp-eIF5A), while hyp-eIF5A is further induced along with reduction of ODC1 and intracellular polyamines during KSHV lytic reactivation. In return these metabolic pathways are required for both KSHV lytic reactivation and de novo infection. Further analysis unraveled that synthesis of critical KSHV latent and lytic proteins (LANA, RTA) depends on hypusinated-eIF5A. We also demonstrated that KSHV infection can be efficiently and specifically suppressed by inhibitors targeting these pathways. Collectively, our results illustrated that the dynamic and profound interaction of a DNA tumor virus (KSHV) with host polyamine biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination pathways promote viral propagation, thus defining new therapeutic targets to treat KSHV-associated malignancies.
Educación inclusiva en el alumnado con TEA: una revisión sistemática de la investigación
Authors: González de Rivera Romero Teresa , Fernández-Blázquez M.ª Luz , Simón Rueda Cecilia , Echeita Sarr ionandia Gerardo
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de esta revisión se centra en poner de manifiesto aquellas barreras y facilitadores que actualmente, según distintos estudios llevados a cabo, están marcando el proceso de inclusión educativa en el alumnado con TEA. Para ello, 24 artículos han sido analizados, atendiendo a las voces de los principales implicados en esta temática: las familias, los diferentes profesionales educativos y el propio alumnado. Los resultados encontrados se analizarán no solo según promuevan o dificulten el proceso hacia una educación inclusiva, sino también según la perspectiva de las distintas voces; mostrando, a su vez, los puntos de encuentro entre estos, así como las posibles discrepancias. Para finalizar, se expondrán una serie de conclusiones derivadas de los resultados, las cuales evidenciarán lo lejos que todavía nos encontramos de ver este derecho satisfecho. A su vez, a través de la identificación de ciertas barreras clave, también aflorarán una serie de pautas de actuación útiles con el fin de promover una reflexión que pudiera derivar en un acortamiento entre lo que se dice que debería hacerse y lo que finalmente se lleva a cabo.
Fundamentos e Práticas para o Ensino de Ciências – Curso Licenciatura Indígena Guarani - Pedagogia
Authors: Pereira Yara Christina Cesário
Published: April 2022

O objetivo desse ensaio é apresentar experiências didáticas vivenciadas junto ao grupo do 5º período da disciplina de Fundamentos e Práticas para o Ensino de Ciências do Curso de Licenciatura Indígena Guarani — Habilitação Pedagogia – UNIVALI  configurando  a docência a partir da percepção indígena, valorizando os saberes, os sabores e os fazeres tradicionais da aldeia/comunidade e, ao mesmo tempo, vislumbrando possibilidades de dialogar com o Currículo Base da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental do Território Catarinense - CBTC (2019).  Os(as) protagonistas são os(as) 18 acadêmicos(as) que, ao trazerem as vozes das suas aldeias, nos conectam com os princípios essenciais: o respeito ao universo, aos ciclos naturais e a terra onde tudo nasce. A perspectiva intercultural possibilitou enxergar, como interdependentes, a singularidade na diversidade e o seu contrário. Evidenciou, também, a boniteza da multidimensionalidade de culturas e a riqueza da integração de práticas para o ensino de Ciências que podem ser complementares. Enxergar com o olhar de uma cultura, a cultura do outro. Olhar com o olhar que repara, pois reparar é “por em bom estado”. Esse é o exercício que deve ser vivenciado por professores(as) das escolas indígenas e não indígenas.
Os paradoxos do covid-19 e a ação da educação ambiental:
Authors: Ruscheinsky Aloísio
Published: April 2022

A realidade histórica tende a ser compreendida como uma construção social, com significados objetivos e subjetivos, como é o caso dos projetos de educação ambiental e do Covid-19. Esta pandemia aponta limites e possibilidades, a nossa interdependência com os outros e a natureza. O objetivo do texto consiste em trazer à luz uma abordagem dos propósitos para a educação ambiental, diante do caos, das incertezas e das mudanças socioculturais. O fenômeno em destaque atesta de maneira paradigmática a relevância do sistema de proteção social, o intercâmbio com o bem-estar ambiental, bem como a extensão e intensidade das incertezas que afligem os cidadãos ante as transformações tecnológicas em curso. Uma boa parte do texto está dedicada ao delineamento de aspectos considerados importantes, como uma prospecção, para uma educação ambiental numa perspectiva pós-pandêmica.
Paisajes y representación del “pueblo de indios”: Un estudio introductorio y seis casos
Authors: Ramírez Ruiz Marcelo , Fernández Christlieb Federico , Garza Merodio Gustavo , Rodríguez Ávila Adna , Cruz Cruz Emiliana , Smith Aguilar Ana Eugenia , Urquijo Torres Pedro Sergio , Aguilera Lara Jahzeel , Martínez Reyes Fátima
Published: April 2022

El “pueblo de indios” fue la organización sociopolítica, religiosa y territorial en que se transformaron los asentamientos indígenas durante el régimen novohispano. Su traza se distribuyó con frecuencia a lo largo de un río y a un lado de los cerros de la sacralidad prehispánica, según se aprecia en las pinturas que los representaron y que eran, a la vez, paisajes, vistas, planos y mapas. Los pueblos de indios fueron fundados en los alrededores de las villas y ciudades de españoles, y también en las vastas serranías de la Nueva España. En este libro se aborda su representación paisajística y cartográfica en un estudio introductorio y una serie de casos. Tres de ellos datan del período novohispano: la pintura de 1579 de Metztitlán (estado de Hidalgo) y la de 1580 de Teozacoalco (estado de Oaxaca), así como el mapa de 1754 de Zacualpan (hoy Emiliano Zapata, estado de Morelos). Los otros tres capítulos abordan temas del México independiente: uno sobre la representación gráfica del pueblo de indios durante el siglo XIX en diversas fuentes, y los otros dos corresponden a los casos del pueblo chatino de San Juan Quiahije (estado de Oaxaca) en un plano de 1863 y del paisaje ritual contemporáneo de la comunidad nahua de Acatlán (estado de Guerrero).
Nuevas realidades de la migración en México. Cambios y continuidades
Authors: Pardo-Montaño Ana Melisa , Garrido de la Calleja Carlos Alberto , Hernández Soc Alba Patricia , Montes de Oca Verónica , Pérez Gutiérrez Karina , Ramírez García Telésforo , Ramírez Pérez Leduan
Published: April 2022

Pensar en los retos que atraviesan los distintos países de la Latinoamérica debido al tema migratorio, implica considerar líneas de investigación que van desde lo que sucede en los países que reciben población migrante, migración interna, hasta los que son principalmente expulsores de población. En este libro se resaltan algunas de las que se viven en México, entendiendo que se trata de un país tanto de recepción de migrantes, tránsito y retorno como de inmigración, por lo que se enfatizan algunos de los fenómenos que se viven en el país en la actualidad: la discriminación y xenofobia que se presenta a raíz de la llegada de extranjeros; el desplazamiento forzado ocasionado por el incremento de la violencia; los procesos de inclusión/exclusión; las problemáticas derivadas del retorno de jóvenes, que tienen relación con el sistema educativo actual del país, y la atención a los adultos mayores mexicanos residentes en Estados Unidos. La intención del presente trabajo es presentar un diagnóstico general de algunas de las problemáticas que se derivan de los movimientos migratorios actuales en México. En su mayoría, se puede observar como eje transversal el reconocimiento de la presencia de los distintos actores involucrados en los diferentes movimientos de población, que dadas las condiciones políticas del país y su cercanía con Estados Unidos, dicho reconocimiento se da en ocasiones sólo “en papel”, pero la realidad que viven tanto nacionales comoextranjeros que se mueven en el país es otra.
Vulnerabilidad intrínseca ante derrames de hidrocarburos: una propuesta para su estimación
Authors: Cram Heydrich Silke , Oropeza Orozco Oralia , Fernández Lomelín Pilar , Sánchez Salazar María Teresa , Casado Izquierdo José María , Ortiz Pérez Mario Arturo , Parrot Faure Jean-François , Sommer Cervantes Irene Marie , Hernández Juárez Mayelli , Mendoza Cantú Ania
Published: April 2022

La industria petrolera es de gran importancia para el desarrollo económico de México, no sólo por su valor estratégico para la economía nacional, sino también por la producción de bienes e insumos indispensables para garantizar la movilidad y permitir el desenvolvimiento adecuado de la sociedad. Sin embargo, sus actividades son también una fuente notable de contaminación que puede ocasionar daños significativos al ambiente y a la sociedad, debido a la naturaleza de su operación y a insuficiencias en los programas de mantenimiento, procedimientos y seguimiento riguroso de la disciplina operativa de la infraestructura petrolera, como el caso de la red de ductos y de las instalaciones para el manejo de la producción. La red de ductos de la industria petrolera, distribuida a lo largo y ancho de nuestro país, está expuesta a factores naturales y humanos que ocasionan, de manera frecuente, fugas y derrames de hidrocarburos. Ante la incidencia de estos eventos y considerando que pueden constituir una amenaza para los ecosistemas, la salud de la población y las actividades económicas que se desarrollan en las zonas aledañas a las instalaciones petroleras, el Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático y el Instituto de Geografía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México diseñaron una guía metodológica para identificar áreas ambientalmente sensibles o vulnerables a los derrames de hidrocarburos a partir de ductos. Este documento facilitará la comprensión de la vulnerabilidad intrínseca de los geosistemas con el fin de evaluar, prevenir y reducir el riesgo de desastres. Además, constituye una guía flexible que se adapta a las diferentes regiones de México que albergan infraestructura petrolera y es aplicable a otro tipo de amenazas.
El mundo por descifrar
Authors: Claval Paul
Published: April 2022

Este libro es una invitación a adentrarse en las distintas maneras en que los geógrafos y las geógrafas han descifrado los espacios humanos, ya sean los paisajes, las regiones o la Tierra en su conjunto. Su autor, Paul Claval es bien conocido en los medios intelectuales de Iberoamérica y, por expreso deseo personal, ha encargado al Instituto de Geografía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), la traducción, edición y publicación de esta obra. En sus páginas, escritas de manera clara y sencilla, se ordena el camino de la Geografía a lo largo de los siglos. Sin embargo, no es una historiografía de esta disciplina sino un diálogo sobre muy diversos temas espaciales con actores de distintas épocas que acompañan al lector hasta comprender cómo hemos llegado a la situación actual. El panorama que se observa a futuro, si bien tiene un aspecto angustioso, abre a la Geografía una gama amplísima de posibilidades en razón de sus capacidades multiescalares y pluridisciplinarias. El mundo por descifrar es también una síntesis del pensamiento de Paul Claval.
Migration and Politics in South Africa Mainstreaming Anti-immigrant Populist Practice
Authors:   University of the Witwatersrand, Machinya Johannes
Published: April 2022

In 1994, a ‘new’ South Africa was born out of electoral democracy. While democratisation dismantled minority authoritarian rule as well as legalised racial intolerance, prejudicial and discriminatory practices remained, this time directed against foreigners. This is at variance with South Africa’s commitment to principles of liberal democracy, human rights, and regional integration. What then explains this paradox? This paper underscores that what feeds and bestows social legitimacy to xenophobia is the foregrounding of an anti-immigrant populist discourse in the mainstream political discourse with participation of political leaders from across the political spectrum. But how has a morally repugnant anti-immigrant populist practice been made a sensible and justifiable political narrative? The paper analyses the mediated populist performances of selected political leaders like press statements, public speeches, interviews, or other statements posted on social media platforms like Twitter, and how these leaders scapegoat foreigners for the challenges the country is facing.
Política nacional e internacionalen el Diario Barranquillero La Prensa en los años treinta y principios de los cuarenta
Authors: Lázaro Julián Andrés
Published: April 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la forma cómo la política internacional de los años treinta y cuarenta del siglo XX era representada ante el público lector barranquillero a través del diario local La Prensa. Las tendencias políticas del diario, proclives al partido conservador colombiano y, como consecuencia de ello, caracterizadas por una manifiesta simpatía hacia los totalitarismos de Europa, incidían notablemente sobre la información publicada en noticias y columnas de opinión, ayudando a construir una imagen bastante positiva de Alemania. Posteriormente y como consecuencia de la entrada de los Estados Unidos en el conflicto y debido a la presión ejercida por este país sobre el gobierno colombiano, se dio un giro en los discursos proyectados en las páginas de La Prensa, diario que pasó entonces a ser un medio más de difusión de noticias favorables a la causa aliada.
Qualitative research as policy knowledge: Framing policy problems and transforming education from the ground up
Authors: Dumas Michael , Anderson Gary L.
Published: April 2022

As educational research becomes privatized, commodified and commercialized, research relevance increasingly means being incorporated into neoliberal ideological and economic agendas. Within this social context, qualitative research in particular is often deemed less relevant (if not irrelevant) because it does not provide prescriptions for best practices or claim to offer “proof” that a given policy will lead to specific outcomes. The authors suggest that notions of research’s relevance to policy and practice may be too narrow a way of thinking about how qualitative scholarship might enter policy discourse. Instead, they propose that scholars advance a new common sense, in which “policy knowledge” is understood as more useful—indeed, more relevant—than mere policy prescription. In their view, impacting the very framing of policy will require that scholars expand their notion of the audiences for educational research, and be more creative at reaching a diverse range of stakeholders, including not only policymakers, but also journalists, youth and community activists, and teachers.
What If Educational Inquiry Were Neither a Social Science Nor a Humanities Field? Revisiting Joseph Schawb’s “The Practical” in the Aftermath of the Science Wars
Authors: Donmoyer Robert
Published: April 2022

The recent debates about what constitutes scientific research in Education, on the one hand, and the so-called “paradigm wars” that got played out in the final quarter of the 20th century, on the other, are more similar than different.  At the center of both controversies was the relative worth of quantitative and qualitative research methods.  Both controversies also distracted researchers’ from addressing the substantive problems that plague schools and other educational organizations.  This paper attempts to move the field beyond the debates of the past and similar debates that seem likely to occur in the future. Inspired, in large part, by Joseph Schwab’s largely unheeded critique of the curriculum field in the late 1960s and early ‘70s, the paper attempts to re-conceptualize what inquiry in a field like Education should look like, as well as the role that quantitative,  qualitative, and mixed-methods research could play in a re-conceptualized approach to inquiry.