bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient digital design of the nonlinear behavior of Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model in large-scale neural population
Authors: Nazari Soheila , Jamshidi Shabnam
Published: February 2024

Spiking networks, as the third generation of neural networks, are of great interest today due to their low power consumption in cognitive processes. This important characteristic has caused the hardware implementation techniques of spiking networks in the form of neuromorphic systems attract a lot of attention. For the first time, the focus is on the digital implementation based on CORDIC approximation of the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neuron so that the hardware implementation cost is lower than previous studies. If the digital design of a neuron is done efficient, the possibility of implementing a population of neurons is provided for the feasibility of low-consumption implementation of high-level cognitive processes in hardware, which is considered in this paper through edge detector, noise removal and image magnification spiking networks based on the proposed CORDIC_HR model. While using less hardware resources, the proposed HR neuron model follows the behavior of the original neuron model in the time domain with much less error than previous study. Also, the complex nonlinear behavior of the original and the proposed model of HR neuron through the bifurcation diagram, phase space and nullcline space analysis under different system parameters was investigated and the good follow-up of the proposed model was confirmed from the original model. In addition to the fact that the individual behavior of the original and the proposed neurons is the same, the functional and behavioral performance of the randomly connected neuronal population of original and proposed neuron model is equal. In general, the main contribution of the paper is in presenting an efficient hardware model, which consumes less hardware resources, follows the behavior of the original model with high accuracy, and has an acceptable performance in image processing applications such as noise removal and edge detection.
Use of Raman spectroscopy to study rat lung tissues for distinguishing asphyxia from sudden cardiac death
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liu Ruina , Wei Xin , Wang Zhenyuan , Huang Ping
Published: February 2024

Determining asphyxia as the cause of death is difficult, but Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning may serve as a simple and promising approach.
Cobalt-modulated dual emission carbon dots for ratiometric fluorescent vancomycin detection
Authors: Alhazzani Khalid , Alanazi Ahmed Z. , Mostafa Aya M. , Barker James , El-Wekil Mohamed M. , Ali Al-Montaser Bellah H.
Published: February 2024

Selective fluorometric protocol for the quantification of vancomycin.
Removal of Expression of Concern: Sodium butyrate ameliorated diabetic nephropathy-associated tubulointerstitial inflammation by modulating tight junction of renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Yang Tingting , Lia Lin , Heng Cai , Sha Pian , Wang Yiying , Shen Jiaming , Jiang Zhenzhou , Qian Sitong , Wei Chujing , Yang Hao , Zhu Xia , Wang Tao , Wu Mengying , Wang Jianyun , Lu Qian , Yin Xiaoxing
Published: February 2024

Removal of Expression of Concern for ‘Sodium butyrate ameliorated diabetic nephropathy-associated tubulointerstitial inflammation by modulating tight junction of renal tubular epithelial cells’ by Tingting Yang et al., Food Funct., 2022, Accepted Manuscript, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO00940D.
Highly electron-deficient 1-propyl-3,5-dinitropyridinium: evaluation of electron-accepting ability and application as an oxidative quencher for metal complexes
Authors: Ito Akitaka , Kuroda Yasuyuki , Iwai Kento , Yokoyama Soichi , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi
Published: February 2024

Owing to enhanced electron-accepting/oxidizing abilities, a N-propylpyridinium derivative with two electron-withdrawing nitro groups efficiently quenched emission from Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) complexes by electron transfer.
Three‐dimensional omni‐directional power pattern using rotating electric current sphere via exact maxwell solution
Authors: Garren David Alan
Published: February 2024

The author reveals that the power pattern for a particular selected rotating spherical electric current density profile exhibits the following two properties simultaneously: (a) fully omnidirectional in three dimensions (3‐D) and (b) invariant with regards to radio frequency (RF). Specifically, most known antenna designs exhibit either nodal lines or planes for at least some RF frequencies. In contrast, the primary innovation of the subject rotating electric current sphere is that it generates a power pattern that is characterised by no nodal lines nor nodal planes for any RF frequency. In the present analysis, the electro‐magnetic (EM) fields are calculated as an exact solution of Maxwell's equations for the subject electric current density that rotates azimuthally on a spherical surface. As expected, the spatial structure of the resulting EM fields also rotates azimuthally. More surprisingly, this rotating electric current density generates pure magnetic dipole radiation exactly, with the absence of any higher order multipole moments. This proposed antenna concept could offer utility in various applications, including communications beaconing and radar surveillance.
Comparative study of soil pressure calculation methods for steel tubular-sheet pile wharf
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Zhou Xinyue , Niu Fei , Mei Taotao
Published: February 2024

The steel tubular-sheet pile wharf is widely used in deep-water wharves abroad due to its construction convenience, adaptability to complex geology, and cost-effectiveness. However, understanding the complex interaction between steel pipe piles, steel sheet piles, and soil in this structure is still in the research stage. China lacks sufficient knowledge about the force characteristics of this structure, particularly in terms of earth pressure theory. Therefore, it is essential to conduct research to improve the calculation of earth pressure in this structure. Based on on-site monitoring data from a 100,000-ton steel tubular-sheet pile wharf, it was observed that the soil pressure on the front wall increases nonlinearly with depth but decreases beyond a certain excavation depth range. This study compares and analyzes results from theoretical formula calculations, numerical simulations, and on-site monitoring data of soil pressure, proposing correction parameters for earth pressure calculation. Based on this analysis, correction parameters for earth pressure calculation within the excavation depth range are proposed. Parameters for soil pressure calculation above the excavation depth range are adjusted, considering a cement mixing pile cohesion of 60 kPa and an internal friction angle of 18°, which better aligns with the actual conditions of this structure.
Prospective Analysis of University Carbon Reduction Based on Photovoltaic Utilization - Taking Jinnan Campus of Nankai University as an Example
Authors: Liu Rujie , Wang Xiao , Zhu Li , Li Fangfang
Published: February 2024

In order to reduce campus carbon emissions, the accounting boundary and accounting list of carbon emissions of Nankai University's Jinnan Campus were set. On this basis, the carbon emissions of Nankai University Jinnan Campus were calculated using the emission factor method. Based on the PVsyst simulator, calculations were made to obtain the annual photovoltaic power generation and then to analyze its contribution to the carbon reduction of the campus. Conclusion: Between 2017 and 2020, the carbon emissions generated by buildings were the main influencing factor for campus carbon emissions. The net carbon emissions of Jinnan Campu were 50167.34 tons, 51848.27 tons, 50674.08 tons, and 42330.47 tonss from 2017 to 2020, respectively, reaching their peak in 2018. The total area of campus greenery, water bodies, and currently undeveloped areas is 602400m2. It is possible to consider installing a photovoltaic power generation system in 50% of the area, which is 301200m2. Using PVSyst to simulate the photovoltaic power generation system of Jinnan Campus, it was calculated that its annual power generation is about 28868000 kWh, replacing traditional electricity, which is equivalent to saving 108 tons of standard coal and reducing carbon emissions by 21073.64 tons per year. This can offset more than 40% of the net carbon emissions of the campus, which is very beneficial for the construction of low-carbon campuses. Campus photovoltaic construction relies on the huge roof resources of colleges and universities, and with the help of planning advantages, architectural advantages and energy-use advantages, it forms a photovoltaic power generation system suitable for the characteristics of schools. It not only reduces the initial investment cost, but also improves the economic efficiency and ecological benefits. The method proposed in this study can be applied to quickly and accurately evaluate the potential of campus photovoltaics. By combining more accurate hourly energy consumption data, it is possible to develop a reasonable photovoltaic utilization strategy for the entire campus and various functional clusters. Promoting to various campuses can promote the formation of more renewable energy substitution projects, reduce carbon emissions for campus communities and the entire society.
Study on flow field structure and dust suspension law in tunnel construction drilling process
Authors: Fan Xiang , Huang Zhijun
Published: February 2024

In order to clarify the dust production law of railway tunnel drilling and blasting construction, the flow field structure characteristics and the distribution and migration law of drilling dust production in the tunnel under the condition of press-in ventilation were studied by indoor model test and CFD numerical simulation method. The results show that: 1) The dust concentration on the M axis and R axis gradually decreases with the increase of distance from the face of the face. The dust concentration on the L axis showed a small-large-small trend from the palm surface to the outlet of the hair dryer, and the maximum dust concentration appeared at 1m away from the face of the face. 2) Under the condition of press-in ventilation, the flow field structure can be divided into three parts: jet area, vortex area and reflux area, and the proportion of reflux gradually increases from 54% to 100% after three stages. 3) Large particles of dust mainly settle in the area of 1m from the end of the working face on the return air side, and the particle size of the dust settled on the tunnel floor gradually decreases with the increase of the distance from the face face; Most dust particles can settle or discharge the tunnel within 30s, and the vortex area has an adverse effect on the tunnel dust exhaust and dust reduction.
Analysis of the current status and comprehensive application research on BIM technology in construction cost management
Authors: Chen Kewei , Fang Guangxiu
Published: February 2024

With the advancement of national economic strategy, the construction process has encountered an escalation in problems and challenges, thereby emphasizing the significance of cost management. The current management of construction costs is confronted with numerous challenges, encompassing limited visualization capabilities, inadequate collaboration among diverse professions, isolated decision-making processes, and a lack of automated procedures. The emergence of BIM technology has brought forth the possibility to address these challenges, offering a green, efficient, and sustainable solution. The comprehensive implementation of BIM technology in cost management enables the refinement of project cost management. By conducting an in-depth analysis of the current state of civil engineering construction cost management, this paper proposes a comprehensive approach to applying BIM technology, which offers scientific and technical means for addressing these issues and serves as a catalyst for generating valuable insights.
Review on Corrosion Mechanism and Mechanical Properties Degradation of Building Structural Steel
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Zhang Shumin , Liu Kai
Published: February 2024

Steel structure is favored by many designers because of its light weight, high strength, short construction period and good seismic performance, and is widely used in high-rise, super high-rise and long-span structures, but the shortcomings of steel structure corrosion are gradually highlighted. In the past 20 years, literature in relevant domestic and foreign journals, conference proceedings, and electronic databases were searched. The mechanical properties of corroded components were studied and summarized from the corrosion mechanism, corrosion influencing factors and rust pit morphology. It is found that the dangerous area of stress concentration of corroded steel is in the middle of the pit, and the maximum stress value is located at the lower edge of the pit mouth. The bearing capacity and ductility of the corroded steel structure are deteriorated, which seriously affects the structural safety under dynamic load. Due to the complexity of correlation analysis of atmospheric corrosion test of metal materials, it is still necessary to improve the corrosion data of existing steel grades and newly developed steel grades in natural environment. At present, there are few researches on corrosion of high strength steel, molded steel plate and prefabricated buildings. With the increasing application of high-strength steel, further research is needed to obtain the latest research results and apply them in practical engineering.
Intelligent Recognition of Component Building Elements in Assembly Buildings with BIM-based Virtual Point Cloud Dataset
Authors: Huang Yihao
Published: February 2024

Assembly building is one of the most important directions for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry as a whole, and the traditional inspection methods of assembly components are low in efficiency and precision. How to conduct rapid batch high-precision size inspection of the actual production of assembly components has become a key problem that must be solved for the popularization of assembly building. In this research, 3D computer vision and point cloud deep learning technology were applied to the intelligent identification of assembly components, combined with BIM technology. We proposed a method to produce virtual point cloud dataset based on BIM model, and on this basis, we used the point cloud deep learning technology to automatically identify the dimensions of prefabricated components, which further improves the inspection efficiency and accuracy and has a stronger significance for promoting the application of deep learning technology in the field of engineering. The research has strong significance for promoting the application of deep learning technology in the engineering field.
Research on recycling and key technologies of construction waste
Authors: Han Dongguang , Ren Liqun , Li Xiujia , Niu Hongxiang , Fu Jie , Zhang Ming , Tan Xiufeng , Ran Xing
Published: February 2024

Under the background of China's rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization process, the construction industry has been fully developed. However, due to the characteristics of extensive production in the construction industry, a large amount of construction waste is generated. This paper relies on the centralized resettlement project of Zhanjie Town in Gongyi City. Through the research on the key technologies such as the reuse of pile head, the reuse of steel bar head and the recycling of construction waste in engineering practice, the practical methods of construction waste recycling are analyzed, so as to better carry out the recycling of construction waste.
Role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in an AML-M5a Subtype Patient with Rare Constellation of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis & Bilateral Multiple Breast Chloromas
Authors: Shrinivas Yuvan , Palaniswamy Shanmuga Sundaram , Subramanyam Padma
Published: February 2024

We report a treated case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M5a subtype) with monocytic differentiation (AMoL) presenting with fever and body pains. Initial 18F-FDG-PET/CT (18F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) identified multiple lymph nodal, and marrow lesions. Biopsy confirmed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Post HLH treatment, follow-up PET/CT demonstrated unsuspected FDG avid bilateral breast lesions (n = 5), which proved to be chloromas, that is, extranodal manifestation of AML. 18F-FDG-PET/CT has helped not only in identifying the various sites of disease involvement but also in guiding the sites for biopsy. Finally, 18F-FDG-PET/CT was useful in monitoring therapy response for both these coexisting pathologies, which are said to be resistant to treatment based on FLT3-ITD tyrosine kinase-3 internal tandem duplication mutation positivity and high-grade AML status. This case represents a rare constellation of different etiologies that needed to be differentiated. It also emphasizes the challenges in interpreting PET/CT findings, especially in difficult clinical scenarios. Disease distribution in HLH/presence of chloromas, etc., can mimic stage IV lymphoma in a known case of AML. So the nuclear medicine physician should be aware of the different complications in the background of AML, especially in patients with poor prognostic factors.
Estimation method for bit upset ratio of NAND flash memory induced by heavy ion irradiation
Authors: Sheng Jiangkun , Qiu Mengtong , Xu Peng , Ding Lili , Luo Yinhong , Yao Zhibin , Zhang Fengqi , Gou Shilong , Wang Zujun , Xue Yuanyuan
Published: February 2024

In order to estimate the bit upset ratio of NAND flash memory induced by heavy ion irradiation, starting from the physical mechanism of the bit upset of NAND flash memory, an analytical model based on statistical methods was developed to describe the relationship between heavy ion energy deposition near the floating gate, the threshold dose distribution of the memory array, and the bit upset ratio. The heavy ion irradiation experiment on NAND flash memory was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the estimation method. The maximum deviation between the fitting result of the analytical model and the experimental result is 5.0%, and the root mean squared error is 1.2 × 10−11. The analytical model can reflect the inflection point in the single event upset cross-section, which, according to the analytical model, is caused by the different proportions of the contribution of large events and small events defined in the model to the bit upset ratio. The analytical model also reflects the characteristics of the multiple-cell upsets from the side and is consistent with experimental results.
Ultra-highly efficient SOT-writing in MTJs with strain-induced magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Yoda Hiroaki , Ohsawa Yuichi , Kishi Tatsuya , Yamazaki Yuichi , Yoda Tomomi , Yoda Taisuke
Published: February 2024

In order to break through limits of conventional MRAMs, MTJs with strain-induced magnetic anisotropy were intensively tested as SOT-MRAM cells. Small critical switching-current of 10–25 μA and switching-voltage of about 0.055 V, and almost no retention energy dependence of them were predicted and confirmed by experiments. Finally, high write efficiency of 1750 kBT/V (4.1 kBT/μA) and high write-power efficiency of 100 [kBT/(μA·V)] were obtained.
Magneto-optic interferometric system: Exploring building blocks and subcircuits
Authors: Bouda N. Robert , Gaunkar N. Prabhu , Theh W. Shen , Mina M. ,   Senior member IEEE
Published: February 2024

Recent developments in the standardization of magnetic field generators have been considered for optoelectronic industrial-scale applications. In this work, a strategy to incorporate all optical components that can be used to implement a broad range of functions for communications applications is presented. We propose a circuit design for a magneto-optic interferometric system based on building blocks and subcircuits consisting of an interferometer with magneto-optic phase shifters and a magnetic field generator. The paper shows the building blocks based on elementary 2 × 2 photonics coupling components. We demonstrate that such a design can be configured as a tunable system based on the phase shift experienced by the incoming signals from two input waveguides and their transitions.
Identification and expression analysis of SBP-Box-like (SPL) gene family disclose their contribution to abiotic stress and flower budding in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Shaheen Tayyaba , Rehman Abdul , Abeed Amany H. A. , Waqas Muhammad , Aslam Asad , Azeem Farrukh , Qasim Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad , Azhar Muhammad Farooq , Attia Kotb A. , Abushady Asmaa M. , Ercisli Sezai , Nahid Nazia
Published: February 2024

The SPL gene family (for Squamosa Promoter-binding like Proteins) represents specific transcription factors that have significant roles in abiotic stress tolerance, development and the growth processes of different plants, including initiation of the leaf, branching and development of shoot and fruits. The SPL gene family has been studied in different plant species; however, its role is not yet fully explored in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). In the present study, 11 members of the CcSPL gene family were identified in C. cajan. The identified SPLs were classified into nine groups based on a phylogenetic analysis involving SPL protein sequences from C. cajan, Arabidopsis thaliana, Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata and Arachis hypogaea. Further, the identification of gene structure, motif analysis, domain analysis and presence of cis-regulatory elements in the SPL family members were studied. Based on RNA-sequencing data, gene expression analysis was performed, revealing that CcSPL2.1, 3 and 13A were significantly upregulated for salt-tolerance and CcSPL14 and 15 were upregulated in a salt-susceptible cultivar. Real-time qPCR validation indicated that CcSPL3, 4, 6 and 13A were upregulated under salt stress conditions. Therefore, molecular docking was performed against the proteins of two highly expressed genes (CcSPL3 and CcSPL14) with three ligands: abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid. Afterward, their binding affinity was obtained and three-dimensional structures were predicted. In the future, our study may open avenues for harnessing CcSPL genes in pigeon pea for enhanced abiotic stress resistance and developmental traits.
The impact of age and number of mutations on the size of clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Wen , Yi Li , Zhao Ming , Li Peng-Yu , Fu Mei-Hong , Lin Rong , Zhu Yong-Mei , Li Jian-Feng , Yang Wei-Ping , Fang Hai , Chen Zhu , Cai Wang-Wei , Ren Rui-Bao
Published: February 2024

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) represents the clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny driven by somatic mutations. Accurate risk assessment of CH is critical for disease prevention and clinical decision-making. The size of CH has been showed to associate with higher disease risk, yet, factors influencing the size of CH are unknown. In addition, the characteristics of CH in long-lived individuals are not well documented. Here, we report an in-depth analysis of CH in longevous (≥90 y old) and common (60~89 y old) elderly groups. Utilizing targeted deep sequencing, we found that the development of CH is closely related to age and the expression of aging biomarkers. The longevous elderly group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of CH and significantly higher frequency of
TET2
and
ASXL1
mutations, suggesting that certain CH could be beneficial to prolong life. Intriguingly, the size of CH neither correlates significantly to age, in the range of 60 to 110 y old, nor to the expression of aging biomarkers. Instead, we identified a strong correlation between large CH size and the number of mutations per individual. These findings provide a risk assessment biomarker for CH and also suggest that the evolution of the CH is influenced by factor(s) in addition to age.
Controlling magnon-photon coupling in a planar geometry
Authors: Wagle Dinesh , Rai Anish , Kaffash Mojtaba T , Jungfleisch M Benjamin
Published: February 2024

The tunability of magnons enables their interaction with various other quantum excitations, including photons, paving the route for novel hybrid quantum systems. Here, we study magnon-photon coupling using a high-quality factor split-ring resonator and single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere at room temperature. We investigate the dependence of the coupling strength on the size of the sphere and find that the coupling is stronger for spheres with a larger diameter as predicted by theory. Furthermore, we demonstrate strong magnon-photon coupling by varying the position of the YIG sphere within the resonator. Our experimental results reveal the expected correlation between the coupling strength and the rf magnetic field. These findings demonstrate the control of coherent magnon-photon coupling through the theoretically predicted square-root dependence on the spin density in the ferromagnetic medium and the magnetic dipolar interaction in a planar resonator.
A Multiplicative Tate Spectral Sequence for Compact Lie Group Actions
Authors: Hedenlund Alice , Rognes John
Published: February 2024

Given a compact Lie group 

G
G

and a commutative orthogonal ring spectrum 

R
R

such that

R
[
G

]
∗

=

π
∗

(
R
∧

G
+

)

R[G]_* = \pi _*(R \wedge G_+)

is finitely generated and projective over

π
∗

(
R
)

\pi _*(R)

, we construct a multiplicative

G
G

-Tate spectral sequence for each

R
R

-module

X
X

in orthogonal

G
G

-spectra, with

E
2

E^2

-page given by the Hopf algebra Tate cohomology of

R
[
G

]
∗

R[G]_*

with coefficients in

π
∗

(
X
)

\pi _*(X)

. Under mild hypotheses, such as

X
X

being bounded below and the derived page

R

E
∞

RE^\infty

vanishing, this spectral sequence converges strongly to the homotopy

π
∗

(

X

t
G

)

\pi _*(X^{tG})

of the

G
G

-Tate construction
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper X Superscript t upper G Baseline equals left-bracket ModifyingAbove upper E upper G With tilde logical-and upper F left-parenthesis upper E upper G Subscript plus Baseline comma upper X right-parenthesis right-bracket Superscript upper G">

X

t
G

=
[

E
G

~

∧
F
(
E

G
+

,
X
)

]
G

X^{tG} = [\widetilde {EG}\wedge F(EG_+, X)]^G

.
Institutional Variability in Anesthesia Time for Mehta Casting in Early-Onset Scoliosis (EOS)
Authors: Bonsignore-Opp Lisa , Malka Matan S. , Ball Jacob , Simhon Matthew E. , Matsumoto Hiroko , Sturm Peter , Pahys Joshua M. , Vitale Michael G. , Larson A. Noelle , Roye Benjamin D. ,   On behalf of Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Mehta casting is a potentially curative intervention for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) that typically requires multiple anesthetics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported that >3 hours of anesthesia under the age of 3 years old may alter brain development; however, no standard exists for the duration of anesthesia during casting. The purpose of this study is to quantify the variability in anesthesia during Mehta casting. We hypothesize that significant institutional variability exists and may be attributed to modifiable factors.

Methods:

An EOS registry was used to identify patients who underwent at least one Mehta casting procedure. Anesthesia exposure was quantified, and site variability was assessed by patient characteristics, cast placement, procedure type, and equipment used.

Results:

Our cohort consisted of 208 patients from 5 institutions (age 2.6±1.4 y). There were 1097 Mehta casting procedures, with 5.4±3.6 castings per patient. Of these patients, 106 (51%) were female, with an average age of 2.11±1.29 years old at the time casting was initiated. Patient etiologies included 154 idiopathic (74.0%), 22 syndromic (10.6%), 18 congenital (8.7%), 11 neuromuscular (5.3%), and 3 unknown (1.4%). Anesthesia time was 69±31 minutes and varied significantly between sites (59±14 to 117±46 min; P<0.001). Cumulative anesthesia time for patients under 3 years was 320±197 minutes with 120/161 (74.5%) patients exceeding 3 hours. Anesthesia time was lower after the FDA warning in 2016 compared with pre-2016 (71±30 vs. 66±32, P=0.008).

Conclusions:

Patients undergoing Mehta casting are at significant risk of exceeding 3 hours of anesthesia, which the FDA has stated may be harmful for children <3 years. Significant site variability indicates that standardization protocols should be developed to encourage best practices and minimize anesthetic times.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level II.
Gorlin-Like Phenotype in a Young Girl With a De Novo PTCH2 Variant Mutation of Uncertain Significance
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Mar , García-González Sergio , Cabañuz Clara , Prieto-Torres Lucía
Published: February 2024

Gorlin syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that predisposes humans to tumors. In most cases, this syndrome results from inactivating mutations in the patched homologue 1 gene. Basal cell carcinomas are one of the main characteristics of this syndrome and serve as a major diagnostic criterion. Gorlin syndrome shows a variable phenotype, and recently, other less common mutations in the suppressor of fused homologue or patched homologue 2 genes have been documented in individuals with this syndrome. We present the case of a patient with early-onset basal cell carcinomas and a mild Gorlin syndrome phenotype, attributed to a de novo patched homologue 2 variant of uncertain significance, which has not been previously reported in the literature.
Hospital volume-mortality association after esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Di Jie , Lu Xiao-Shi , Sun Min , Zhao Zhe-Ming , Zhang Chun-Dong
Published: February 2024

Background:

Postoperative mortality plays an important role in evaluating the surgical safety of esophagectomy. Although postoperative mortality after esophagectomy is partly influenced by the yearly hospital surgical case volume (hospital volume), this association remains unclear.

Methods:

Studies assessing the association between hospital volume and postoperative mortality in patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were searched for eligibility. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled for the highest versus lowest categories of hospital volume using a random effects model. The dose-response association between hospital volume and the risk of postoperative mortality was analyzed. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO.

Results:

Fifty-six studies including 385,469 participants were included. A higher-volume hospital significantly reduced the risk of post-esophagectomy mortality by 53% compared with their lower-volume counterparts (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.54). Similar results were found in subgroup analyses. Volume-outcome analysis suggested that post-esophagectomy mortality rates remained roughly stable after the hospital volume reached a plateau of 45 esophagectomies per year.

Conclusions:

Higher-volume hospitals had significantly lower post-esophagectomy mortality rates in patients with esophageal cancer, with a threshold of 45 esophagectomies per year for a high-volume hospital. This remarkable negative correlation showed the benefit of a better safety in centralization of esophagectomy to a high volume hospital.
The availability, access, challenges and advancements in neurosurgical care in Africa: a mini review
Authors: Ahmed Hassan , Furqan Muhammad , Okon Inibehe Ime , Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Mitchell Ugwu Onyedika , Akpan Usoro , Umutoni Florence , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Akilimali Aymar , Nkeshimana Menelas
Published: February 2024

The availability and accessibility of neurosurgical care across Africa remains limited despite recent advancements. Overall, Africa accounts for 15% of the global neurosurgical disease burden but has access to less than 1% of neurosurgeons globally. While the number of neurosurgeons has increased in recent decades, huge workforce shortages remain, with the region facing the second-largest neurosurgical deficit. Access to adequate facilities and equipment is also lacking. Barriers like poverty, conflicts, and distance from care centres negatively impact patients’ ability to access services. However, training programs like the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Rabat Training Center have contributed to building local capacity. Use of technologies like neuro-endoscopy is expanding access to more cost-effective interventions for conditions such as hydrocephalus. Undergraduate medical education is also seeing a rise in African students interested in neurosurgery. Despite these advancements, workforce shortfalls, inadequate infrastructure, and challenges posed by geopolitical instability continue to hinder the provision of comprehensive neurosurgical care. Limited research and funding discourage experienced surgeons from practicing in their home countries. Increased international collaboration, support for education, and tackling of structural issues are needed to continue strengthening Africa’s neurosurgical capacity and reducing the disease burden. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the current state of neurosurgery on the continent, highlight achievements, and identify persisting challenges.
Can jaw bone healed from chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis be considered healthy when planning dental implants? case report with 20-year follow-up
Authors: Grün Pascal , Pfaffeneder-Mantai Florian , Schneider Benedikt , Meier Marius , Bytyqi Ditjon , Bandura Patrick , Turhani Dritan
Published: February 2024

Introduction and importance:

Extraction of mandibular third molars can lead to complications such as chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis (CSO), an inflammatory bone marrow disease that tends to progress. CSO involves the cortical plates and often the periosteal tissues and is caused by a variety of microorganisms, including Corynebacterium spp. The treatment of CO and CSO remains challenging, as there is no universal treatment protocol. This case report investigated whether jaw bone that has healed from chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis can be considered healthy bone when planning dental implants.

Case presentation:

A 21-year-old Caucasian woman developed chronic osteomyelitis (CO) and CSO after third molar surgery.

Clinical discussion:

A combination of alveolar ridge bone resection, extraction of teeth 47–32, and long-term specific antibiotic therapy against Corynebacterium spp. was administered. An attempt at preprosthetic alveolar ridge reconstruction with an anterior superior iliac crest bone graft resulted in graft failure and the patient refused further harvesting procedures. Implantation in the intraforaminal zone also resulted in the loss of two implants after loading. Finally, inferior alveolar nerve transposition resulted in the successful reimplantation of two implants, which were fully functional almost 11 years later.

Conclusion:

This case report presents the treatment history of this patient. With a longitudinal observation period of >20 years, the results of this case demonstrate the successful treatment of bone with CO, CSO, and Corynebacterium spp. infection. Following the removal of infected bone, radical debridement, and long-term antibiotic therapy, bone health was restored.
Comparative Levels of Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury and Inflammation Among Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy With or Without Hyperuricemia
Authors: Alex Ryan , Press Ella , Sanchez Lorin , Whitson Jeremy , Marder Brad , Tumlin James Alan
Published: February 2024

Background

The association between hyperuricemia and development of progressive chronic kidney disease has received increasing attention in recent years. Recent preclinical studies have shown that non–crystalline uric acid can induce renal-specific arteriolopathy, leading to renal injury and tubulointerstitial inflammation.

Methods

We conducted a open-label cross-sectional study of 25 patients with chronic kidney disease stage III (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], 7.0 mg/dL) levels of serum uric acid. To determine the correlation between hyperuricemia on urinary protein levels and renal disease progression, we retrospectively compared urine protein and eGFR data between the 2 groups.

Results

Eleven patients with normal uric acid levels and 14 with hyperuricemia were enrolled. Urinary levels of both kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly higher in patients with hyperuricemia. Among the normouricemic White and African American (AA) subgroups, there was no difference in KIM-1 or MCP-1 levels, whereas KIM-1 levels were significantly higher among hyperuricemic AA patients with hyperuricemia. Urinary protein was significantly higher between Whites and AA patients with serum uric acid level >7.0 mg/dL as well as patients with urinary KIM-1 levels >1000 pg/mg Cr. A trend toward a more rapid decline in eGFR was noted among hyperuricemic AAs; however, this trend was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and persistently elevated serum uric acid levels express higher levels of both KIM-1 and MCP-1 reflective of on-going renal injury and inflammation.
How to Reduce Inferomedial Orbital Wall Fracture Using a Navigation System: Tips and Pearls
Authors: Park Tae Hwan
Published: February 2024

The orbit is a confined space with a defined bony structure. Bony protrusion into the ethmoid or maxillary sinuses by the blowout fracture can displace orbital tissues, including rectus muscles and adjacent fascial septae. Especially, reconstructing the orbit’s floor and medial wall can be challenging when the inferomedial strut or posterior bony ledge is affected, leading to a loss of critical anatomic landmarks and support. Correctly positioning an implant in the precise anatomic location can be challenging. Recent updates to the navigation system have addressed this issue. Despite its early application, using a navigation system in these orbital fractures advances plastic surgeons in a way that has more confidence and accuracy in surgical planning. The video demonstrates how these 2 can be combined in an operating room. Intraoperatively, the authors check the superior, anterior, and posterior ends of the medial wall fracture and the posterior end of the floor fracture. A single orbital implant was trimmed and reshaped to match defect measurements. The implant placement was meticulously executed to repair the fracture while ensuring the inferior oblique muscle was not injured. After confirming the correct placement of the implant, it was secured to the inferior orbital rim using a single screw. Depending on the medial orbital wall fracture depth or degree of soft tissue herniation, the authors used an artificial dermal matrix or trimmed absorbable mesh plate to cover the uppermost part of the medial wall fracture to prevent postoperative enophthalmos. Finally, a forced duction test was performed. Our study shows that navigation-assisted inferomedial orbital wall reconstruction using materials readily available in the market is safe and effective.
Reexamining the Incidence of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Rochester Epidemiology Project Study
Authors: Foster Robert C. , Bhatti M. Tariq , Crum Olivia M. , Lesser Elizabeth R. , Hodge David O. , Chen John J.
Published: February 2024

Background:

This study aims to determine the population-based incidence and characterize the features of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP).

Methods:

All patients diagnosed with an optic neuropathy from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2016, were retrospectively reviewed to identify incident cases of NAION using the REP database, which is a record-linkage system of medical records for all patient–physician encounters among Olmsted County, Minnesota residents. The overall incidence of NAION was estimated using the age-specific and sex-specific population figures for Olmsted County census data for 1990 through 2016. Visual outcomes and risk factors were evaluated. The systemic risk factors were compared with age-matched controls.

Results:

One hundred four patients were diagnosed with NAION during the 26-year study period. The overall age and sex adjusted incidence was 3.89 per 100,000 individuals (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.14–4.65). The incidence was 7.73 (CI: 6.24–9.22) in patients aged 40 years or older and 10.19 (CI: 8.15–12.23) in patients aged 50 years or older. Median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range, 40–90 years), and 59 (56.7%) were male. The median logMAR visual acuity at presentation was 0.35 (Snellen equivalent of 20/40) with 14 patients (13.5%) having vision of counting fingers or worse. Among the 91 patients with final visual acuity outcome data available, the median visual acuity was 0.40 (Snellen equivalent of 20/50) with 12 patients (13.2%) having vision of counting fingers or worse. Twenty-four patients (26.4%) were noted to have final acuity at least 3 Snellen lines worse than at presentation, whereas 17 patients (18.7%) were noted to improve by at least 3 lines. The median mean deviation on automated visual field testing was −10.2 dB at presentation and −11.1 dB at follow-up. Twenty-two patients (21.2%) suffered NAION in the fellow eye; the median interval between involvement of the first and second eyes was 1.39 years. Systemic diseases present in the NAION cohort included hypertension (79.8%), diabetes mellitus (39.4%), obstructive sleep apnea (23.1%), and hyperlipidemia (74.0%), which were all statistically higher than age-matched controls.

Conclusions:

NAION is a relatively common optic neuropathy in elderly patients with vascular risk factors. Our data indicate that the incidence of NAION has remained relatively stable in the population of Olmsted County over the past 4 decades.
Mechanics of structural size effect in impact brittle fracture of steels and consequent scaling laws for fracture
Authors: Chandran K. S. Ravi
Published: February 2024

A large structural size effect on brittle fracture energy was observed in studies of impact fracture of steels by Stanton, Batson and Docherty, nearly 100 years ago. The size effect was seen in macroscopically brittle fractures of geometrically similar specimens tested over a large size range. These historical findings have great significance in designing large-scale steel structures such as ships and bridges. However, there has been no physical principle or theory yet to explain the size effects observed by Stanton, Batson and Docherty. In the present work, a new approach based on net-section mechanics is used to explain the size effect. It is shown that the change in net-section strain energy predicts well the size effect onfracture energy, under the constant condition of cleavage crack initiation stress at the notch root. The spectacular decrease inspecific fracture energywith increased specimen size is explained by noting the three-dimensional nature of stored strain energy and the two-dimensional nature of fracture energy dissipated in the crack layer. By scaling both energies to a reference cubic specimen volume and equating, an expression that describes the inverse size dependence of specific fracture energy has been formulated. The mechanics of the size effect is illustrated by assessing the theory with extensive experimental data. Further, scaling laws for fracture energy have been developed. This work honours the pioneering studies of Stanton, Batson and Docherty, which have been instrumental for the development of the present theory and analysis.
A biological invasion modifies the dynamics of a host–parasite arms race
Authors: Brown Gregory P. , Shine Richard , Rollins Lee A.
Published: February 2024

By imposing novel selection pressures on both participants, biological invasions can modify evolutionary ‘arms races’ between hosts and parasites. A spatially replicated cross-infection experiment reveals strong spatial divergence in the ability of lungworms (
Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala
) to infect invasive cane toads (
Rhinella marina
) in Australia. In areas colonized for longer than 20 years, toads are more resistant to infection by local strains of parasites than by allopatric strains. The situation reverses at the invasion front, where super-infective parasites have evolved. Invasion-induced shifts in genetic diversity and selective pressures may explain why hosts gain advantage over parasites in long-colonized areas, whereas parasites gain advantage at the invasion front.
Whole-Genome sequencing in routine Mycobacterium bovis epidemiology – scoping the potential
Authors: Allen Adrian , Magee Ryan , Devaney Ryan , Ardis Tara , McNally Caitlín , McCormick Carl , Presho Eleanor , Doyle Michael , Ranasinghe Purnika , Johnston Philip , Kirke Raymond , Harwood Roland , Farrell Damien , Kenny Kevin , Smith Jordy , Gordon Stephen , Ford Tom , Thompson Suzan , Wright Lorraine , Jones Kerri , Prodohl Paulo , Skuce Robin
Published: February 2024

Mycobacterium bovis the main agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), presents as a series of spatially-localised micro-epidemics across landscapes. Classical molecular typing methods applied to these micro-epidemics, based on genotyping a few variable loci, have significantly improved our understanding of potential epidemiological links between outbreaks. However, they have limited utility owing to low resolution. Conversely, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides the highest resolution data available for molecular epidemiology, producing richer outbreak tracing, insights into phylogeography and epidemic evolutionary history. We illustrate these advantages by focusing on a common single lineage of M. bovis (1.140) from Northern Ireland. Specifically, we investigate the spatial sub-structure of 20 years of herd-level multi locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) surveillance data and WGS data from a down sampled subset of isolates of this MLVA type over the same time frame. We mapped 2108 isolate locations of MLVA type 1.140 over the years 2000–2022. We also mapped the locations of 148 contemporary WGS isolates from this lineage, over a similar geographic range, stratifying by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) relatedness cut-offs of 15 SNPs. We determined a putative core range for the 1.140 MLVA type and SNP-defined sequence clusters using a 50 % kernel density estimate, using cattle movement data to inform on likely sources of WGS isolates found outside of core ranges. Finally, we applied Bayesian phylogenetic methods to investigate past population history and reproductive number of the 1.140 M. bovis lineage. We demonstrate that WGS SNP-defined clusters exhibit smaller core ranges than the established MLVA type - facilitating superior disease tracing. We also demonstrate the superior functionality of WGS data in determining how this lineage was disseminated across the landscape, likely via cattle movement and to infer how its effective population size and reproductive number has been in flux since its emergence. These initial findings highlight the potential of WGS data for routine monitoring of bTB outbreaks.