bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional brain volumes relate to Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and neuropsychometry: A cross-sectional, observational study
Authors: Libowitz Mark R. , Wei Ke , Tran Thao , Chu Karen , Moncrieffe Kristina , Harrington Michael G. , King Kevin
Published: July 2021

We hypothesized that automated assessment of brain volumes on MRI can predict presence of cerebrospinal fluid abnormal ß-amyloid42 and Tau protein levels and thus serve as a useful screening test for possible Alzheimer’s disease. 113 participants ranging from cognitively healthy to Alzheimer’s disease underwent MRI exams to obtain measurements of hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, precuneus, parietal cortex, and occipital lobe volumes. A non-exclusive subset (n = 107) consented to lumbar punctures to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for ß-amyloid42 and Tau protein assessment including cognitively health (n = 75), mild cognitively impaired (n = 22), and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 10). After adjustment for false discovery rate, ß-amyloid42 was significantly associated with volumes in the hippocampus (p = 0.043), prefrontal cortex (p = 0.010), precuneus (p = 0.024), and the posterior cingulate (p = 0.002). No association between Tau levels and regional brain volume survived multiple test correction. Secondary analysis was performed to determine associations between MRI brain volumes and CSF protein levels to neuropsychological impairment. A non-exclusive subset (n = 96) including cognitively healthy (n = 72), mild cognitively impaired (n = 21), and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 3) participants underwent Stroop Interference and Boston Naming neuropsychological testing. A higher score on the Boston Naming Test was optimally predicted in a selective regression model by greater hippocampus volume (p = 0.002), a higher ratio of ß-amyloid42 to Tau protein levels (p < 0.001), greater posterior cingulate volume (p = 0.0193), age (p = 0.0271), and a higher education level (p = 0.002). A better performance on the Stroop Interference Test was optimally predicted by greater hippocampus volume (p = 0.0003) and a higher education level (p < 0.001). Lastly, impaired cognitive status (mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease) was optimally predicted in a selective regression model by a worse performance on the Stroop Interference Test (p < 0.001), a worse performance on the Boston Naming Test (p < 0.001), along with lower prefrontal cortex volume (p = 0.002) and lower hippocampus volume (p = 0.007).
Network-based repurposing identifies anti-alarmins as drug candidates to control severe lung inflammation in COVID-19
Authors: Desvaux Emiko , Hamon Antoine , Hubert Sandra , Boudjeniba Cheïma , Chassagnol Bastien , Swindle Jack , Aussy Audrey , Laigle Laurence , Laplume Jessica , Soret Perrine , Jean-François Pierre , Dupin-Roger Isabelle , Guedj Mickaël , Moingeon Philippe
Published: July 2021

While establishing worldwide collective immunity with anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, COVID-19 remains a major health issue with dramatic ensuing economic consequences. In the transition, repurposing existing drugs remains the fastest cost-effective approach to alleviate the burden on health services, most particularly by reducing the incidence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with severe COVID-19. We undertook a computational repurposing approach to identify candidate therapeutic drugs to control progression towards severe airways inflammation during COVID-19. Molecular profiling data were obtained from public sources regarding SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelial or endothelial cells, immune dysregulations associated with severe COVID-19 and lung inflammation induced by other respiratory viruses. From these data, we generated a protein-protein interactome modeling the evolution of lung inflammation during COVID-19 from inception to an established cytokine release syndrome. This predictive model assembling severe COVID-19-related proteins supports a role for known contributors to the cytokine storm such as IL1β, IL6, TNFα, JAK2, but also less prominent actors such as IL17, IL23 and C5a. Importantly our analysis points out to alarmins such as TSLP, IL33, members of the S100 family and their receptors (ST2, RAGE) as targets of major therapeutic interest. By evaluating the network-based distances between severe COVID-19-related proteins and known drug targets, network computing identified drugs which could be repurposed to prevent or slow down progression towards severe airways inflammation. This analysis confirmed the interest of dexamethasone, JAK2 inhibitors, estrogens and further identified various drugs either available or in development interacting with the aforementioned targets. We most particularly recommend considering various inhibitors of alarmins or their receptors, currently receiving little attention in this indication, as candidate treatments for severe COVID-19.
Psychological functioning in survivors of COVID-19: Evidence from recognition of fearful facial expressions
Authors: Scarpina Federica , Godi Marco , Corna Stefano , Seitanidis Ionathan , Capodaglio Paolo , Mauro Alessandro
Published: July 2021

Evidence about the psychological functioning in individuals who survived the COVID-19 infectious is still rare in the literature. In this paper, we investigated fearful facial expressions recognition, as a behavioural means to assess psychological functioning. From May 15th, 2020 to January 30th, 2021, we enrolled sixty Italian individuals admitted in multiple Italian COVID-19 post-intensive care units. The detection and recognition of fearful facial expressions were assessed through an experimental task grounded on an attentional mechanism (i.e., the redundant target effect). According to the results, our participants showed an altered behaviour in detecting and recognizing fearful expressions. Specifically, their performance was in disagreement with the expected behavioural effect. Our study suggested altered processing of fearful expressions in individuals who survived the COVID-19 infectious. Such a difficulty might represent a crucial sign of psychological distress and it should be addressed in tailored psychological interventions in rehabilitative settings and after discharge.
A company’s relational strategy: Linkage between strategic choices, attributes, and outcomes
Authors: Zakrzewska-Bielawska Agnieszka , Lewicka Dagmara
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the idea of firms’ atomization is rejected and companies are perceived as entities embedded in inter-organizational relationships and their configurations, including dyads and networks. The relational view in strategic management thus prompts research on a firm’s relational strategy. This paper taps this gap considering links between strategic choices and attributes of a company’s inter-organizational relationships, as well as the outcomes achieved by collaboration with different groups of stakeholders. We test the model based on research carried out on a representative sample of 400 enterprises operating in Poland and on international markets. The results of structural equation modeling show that 1) the outcomes of collaboration reflect market benefits and are dependent on the durability of the inter-organizational relationships and the heterogeneity of the supply chain relationships, 2) durability as an attribute of the relational strategy depends on the choice of how to create and appropriate value, and 3) in turn, the attribute of heterogeneity of the relational strategy depends on what type of partners are selected. Thereby, we deliver managerial implications on how to create a relational strategy to achieve a relational rent and better a company’s market position.
Genotypic and phenotypic prevalence of Nocardia species in Iran: First systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over years 1992-2021
Authors: Hashemzadeh Mohammad , Dezfuli Aram Asareh Zadegan , Khosravi Azar Dokht , Savari Mohammad , Jahangirimehr Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

Background

Nocardia species belong to the aerobic actinomycetes group of bacteria which are gram-positive and partially acid-fast Bacilli. These bacteria may sometimes be associated with nosocomial infections. Nocardia diseases are not required to be reported to public health authorities in Iran. Hence, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence of human Nocardia spp. in Iran by using a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-Analyses statement.

Methods

The data of the prevalence of Nocardia species were collected from databases such as Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE via Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as national Iranian databases, including SID, Magiran. Analyses were conducted by STATA 14.0.

Results

The meta-analyses showed that the proportion of Nocardia spp. in Iranian studies varied from 1.71(1.17, 2.24) to 0.46(0.09, 0.83). N. asteroides (21% [95% CI 1.17, 2.24]), N. cyriacigeorgica (17% [95% CI 0.99, 1.77]), N. facanica (10% [95% CI 0.75, 1.00]) were considered to be common causative agents.

Conclusions

Our study presents that despite the fact that Nocardia spp. are normally are saprophytic organisms, are currently accounts as emerging pathogens due to an increase in immunocompromised patients among Iranian populations. Considering our results, the establishment of advanced diagnostic facilities for the rapid detection of Nocardia infections are required for optimal therapeutic strategies of Nocardia spp. in Iran. Our findings could help the programmatic management of the disease within the context of Nocardia control programs.
Optical absorbance of the tympanic membrane in rat and human samples
Authors: Goblet Madeleine , Matin Farnaz , Lenarz Thomas , Paasche Gerrit
Published: July 2021

Chronic infections are often connected to biofilm formation. In presence of implants, this can lead to loss of the implant. Systemic or local application of drugs is relatively ineffective in case of biofilm formation. One technique to provide antibacterial properties on demand is the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Using this technique, these properties can be “switched on” by light illumination. In the middle ear with the semitransparent tympanic membrane, it might be possible in future to activate the antibacterial effect without opening the membrane. Therefore, we investigated the optical absorbance spectra of the tympanic membrane. Optical absorbance spectra were measured in ex vivo preparations from neonatal and adult rats with the membrane still being attached to the surrounding bony ring and four human samples. After performing area scans, the spot with the lowest absorbance being surrounded by a ring like structure with higher absorbance was chosen as region of interest for scanning wavelengths between 300 and 900 nm. Absorbance is generally higher at lower wavelengths with a local absorbance maximum at 420 nm and a weak second maximum with two neighbouring peaks at 540 / 580 nm and is significantly higher in adult rats compared to neonatal rats where about 10% of light was transmitted. The human samples show similar characteristics with a little higher absorbance. For activation of aPDT through the tympanic membrane, larger wavelengths are more promising. Whether the amount of light transmitted through the membrane would be sufficient to induce aPDT remains to be tested in further experiments.
Surface soil metal elements variability affected by environmental and soil properties
Authors: Wu Wei , Li Yu , Yan Mingshu , Yang Lechao , Lei Jiali , Liu Hong-Bin
Published: July 2021

Identifying the factors controlling the spatial variability of soil metal elements could be a challenge task due to the interaction of environmental attributes and human activities. This study aimed to investigate the critical explanatory variables controlling total Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg, Pb, and Zn variations in the arable topsoil using classical statistics, principal component analysis, and random forest techniques. The work was conducted in the core region of the Three Gorges Reservoir of China. The explanatory variables included soil, topography, climate, vegetation, land use type, and distance-related parameters. Average concentrations of the metal elements were in order of Fe > Mg > Ca > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd. Soil Cr, Fe, and Pb showed low variability while others presented medium variability. Average concentrations of Cr, Fe, Cd, and Mg exceeded their corresponding background values. There were highly positive correlations between all metal elements except Pb, Cd and Cr. The principal component analysis further demonstrated that the sources of Pb, Cd, and Cr differed with other elements. The results of random forest suggested that soil properties followed by topography were critical parameters affecting the variations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Cu. Agricultural activities and soil properties were major factors controlling the variations of Pb, Cr, and Cd. Further study should be conducted to understand the relations between the metal elements and soil properties.
Characterization of E93 in neometabolous thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and Haplothrips brevitubus
Authors: Suzuki Youhei , Shiotsuki Takahiro , Jouraku Akiya , Miura Ken , Minakuchi Chieka
Published: July 2021

Insect metamorphosis into an adult occurs after the juvenile hormone (JH) titer decreases at the end of the juvenile stage. This generally coincides with decreased transcript levels of JH-response transcription factors Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) and broad (br), and increased transcript levels of the adult specifier E93. Thrips (Thysanoptera) develop through inactive and non-feeding stages referred to as “propupa” and “pupa”, and this type of distinctive metamorphosis is called neometaboly. To understand the mechanisms of hormonal regulation in thrips metamorphosis, we previously analyzed the transcript levels of Kr-h1 and br in two thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thripidae) and Haplothrips brevitubus (Phlaeothripidae). In both species, the transcript levels of Kr-h1 and br decreased in the “propupal” and “pupal” stages, and their transcription was upregulated by exogenous JH mimic treatment. Here we analyzed the developmental profiles of E93 in these two thrips species. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that E93 expression started to increase at the end of the larval stage in F. occidentalis and in the “propupal” stage of H. brevitubus, as Kr-h1 and br mRNA levels decreased. Treatment with an exogenous JH mimic at the onset of metamorphosis prevented pupal-adult transition and caused repression of E93. These results indicated that E93 is involved in adult differentiation after JH titer decreases at the end of the larval stage of thrips. By comparing the expression profiles of Kr-h1, br, and E93 among insect species, we propose that the “propupal” and “pupal” stages of thrips have some similarities with the holometabolous prepupal and pupal stages, respectively.
Fungal species in endodontic infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alberti Alice , Corbella Stefano , Taschieri Silvio , Francetti Luca , Fakhruddin Kausar Sadia , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera
Published: July 2021

Fungal infections are common on oral mucosae, but their role in other oral sites is ill defined. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have reported the presence of fungi, particularly Candida species in endodontic infections, albeit in relatively small numbers in comparison to its predominant anaerobic bacteriome. Here, we review the fungal biome of primary and secondary endodontic infections, with particular reference to the prevalence and behavior of Candida species. Meta-analysis of the available data from a total of 39 studies fitting the inclusion criteria, indicate the overall weighted mean prevalence (WMP) of fungal species in endodontic infections to be 9.11% (from a cumulative total of 2003 samples), with 9.0% in primary (n = 1341), and 9.3% in secondary infections (n = 662). Nevertheless, WMP for fungi in primary and secondary infections which were 6.3% and 7.5% for culture-based studies, increased to 12.5% and 16.0% in molecular studies, respectively. The most prevalent fungal species was Candida spp. The high heterogeneity in the reported fungal prevalence suggests the need for standardized sampling, and speciation methods. The advent of the new molecular biological analytical platforms, such as the next generation sequencing (NGS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), that enables identification and quantitation of a broad spectrum of hitherto unknown organisms in endodontic infections should radically alter our understanding of the endodontic mycobiome in the future. Candida spp. appear to be co-pathogens with bacteria in approximately one in ten patients with endodontic infections. Hence, clinicians should comprehend the importance and the role of fungi in endodontic infections and be cognizant of the need to eradicate both bacteria and fungi for successful therapy.
An insight on the impact of teleost whole genome duplication on the regulation of the molecular networks controlling skeletal muscle growth
Authors: Duran Bruno Oliveira Silva , Garcia de la serrana Daniel , Zanella Bruna Tereza Thomazini , Perez Erika Stefani , Mareco Edson Assunção , Santos Vander Bruno , Carvalho Robson Francisco , Dal-Pai-Silva Maeli
Published: July 2021

Fish muscle growth is a complex process regulated by multiple pathways, resulting on the net accumulation of proteins and the activation of myogenic progenitor cells. Around 350–320 million years ago, teleost fish went through a specific whole genome duplication (WGD) that expanded the existent gene repertoire. Duplicated genes can be retained by different molecular mechanisms such as subfunctionalization, neofunctionalization or redundancy, each one with different functional implications. While the great majority of ohnolog genes have been identified in the teleost genomes, the effect of gene duplication in the fish physiology is still not well characterized. In the present study we studied the effect of WGD on the transcription of the duplicated components controlling muscle growth. We compared the expression of lineage-specific ohnologs related to myogenesis and protein balance in the fast-skeletal muscle of pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus—Ostariophysi) and Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus—Acanthopterygii) fasted for 4 days and refed for 3 days. We studied the expression of 20 ohnologs and found that in the great majority of cases, duplicated genes had similar expression profiles in response to fasting and refeeding, indicating that their functions during growth have been conserved during the period after the WGD. Our results suggest that redundancy might play a more important role in the retention of ohnologs of regulatory pathways than initially thought. Also, comparison to non-duplicated orthologs showed that it might not be uncommon for the duplicated genes to gain or loss new regulatory elements simultaneously. Overall, several of duplicated ohnologs have similar transcription profiles in response to pro-growth signals suggesting that evolution tends to conserve ohnolog regulation during muscle development and that in the majority of ohnologs related to muscle growth their functions might be very similar.
12 weeks of strength training improves fluid cognition in older adults: A nonrandomized pilot trial
Authors: Macaulay Timothy R. , Pa Judy , Kutch Jason J. , Lane Christianne J. , Duncan Dominique , Yan Lirong , Schroeder E. Todd
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Resistance training (RT) is a promising strategy to slow or prevent fluid cognitive decline during aging. However, the effects of strength-specific RT programs have received little attention. The purpose of this single-group proof of concept clinical trial was to determine whether a 12-week strength training (ST) program could improve fluid cognition in healthy older adults 60 to 80 years of age, and to explore concomitant physiological and psychological changes.

Methods

Twenty participants (69.1 ± 5.8 years, 14 women) completed this study with no drop-outs or severe adverse events. Baseline assessments were completed before an initial 12-week control period, then participants were re-tested at pre-intervention and after the 12-week ST intervention. The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and standard physical and psychological measures were administered at all three time points. During the 36 sessions of periodized ST (3 sessions per week), participants were supervised by an exercise specialist and challenged via autoregulatory load progression.

Results

Test-retest reliability over the control period was good for fluid cognition and excellent for crystallized cognition. Fluid composite scores significantly increased from pre- to post-intervention (8.2 ± 6.1%, p < 0.01, d = 1.27), while crystallized composite scores did not (-0.5 ± 2.8%, p = 0.46, d = -0.34). Performance on individual fluid instruments, including executive function, attention, working memory, and processing speed, also significantly improved. Surprisingly, changes in fluid composite scores had small negative correlations with changes in muscular strength and sleep quality, but a small positive correlation with changes in muscular power.

Conclusions

Thus, improvements in fluid cognition can be safely achieved in older adults using a 12-week high-intensity ST program, but further controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings. Furthermore, the relationship with other widespread physiological and psychological benefits remains unclear.
Time-trends and predictors of interhospital transfers and 30-day rehospitalizations after acute coronary syndrome from 2000-2015
Authors: Rocha J. Afonso , Cardoso José Carlos , Freitas Alberto , Allison Thomas G. , Azevedo Luís F.
Published: July 2021

Aims

Assess trends and factors associated with interhospital transfers (IHT) and 30-day acute coronary syndrome (ACS) rehospitalizations in a national administrative database of patients admitted with an ACS between 2000–2015.

Methods and results

Cohort study of patients hospitalized with ACS from 2000 to 2015, using a validated linkage algorithm to identify and link patient-level sequential hospitalizations occurring within 30 days from first admission (considering all hospitalizations within the 30-day timeframe as belonging to the same ACS episode of care-ACS-EC). From 212,481 ACS-EC, 42,670 (20.1%) had more than one hospitalization. ACS-EC hospitalization rates decreased throughout the study period (2000: 207.7/100.000 person-years to 2015: 185,8/100,000 person-years, p for trend <0.05). Proportion of IHT increased from 10.5% in 2000 to 20.1% in 2015 compared to a reduction in both planned and unplanned 30-day ACS rehospitalization from 9.0% in 2000 to 2.7% in 2015. After adjusting for patient and first admission hospital’s characteristics, compared to 2000–2003, in 2012–2015 the odds of IHT increased by 3.81 (95%CI: 3.65–3.98); the odds of unplanned and planned 30-day ACS rehospitalization decreased by 0.36 (95%CI: 0.33; 0.39) and 0.47 (95%CI: 0.43; 0.53), respectively. Female sex, older age and the presence and severity of comorbidities were associated with lower likelihood of being transferred or having a planned 30-day ACS rehospitalization. Unplanned 30-day ACS rehospitalization was more likely in patients with higher comorbidity burden.

Conclusion

IHT and 30-day ACS rehospitalization reflect coronary referral network efficiency and access to specialized treatment. Identifying factors associated with higher likelihood of IHT and 30-day ACS rehospitalization may allow heightened surveillance and interventions to reduce rehospitalizations and inequities in access to specialized treatment.
PROCESSING OF BITTER ALMOND KERNELS AND OBTAINING EXTRACTS BASED ON THEM
Authors: Khamidov Arifjon Zhakhongirovich , Tukhtaev Hakim Rakhmanovich , Aminov Sabirjan Nigmatovich , Azimova Bakhtigul Zhavli Kizi
Published: July 2021

Mountain almond kernels (seed) processing products are of practical interest as fungicidal, antimicrobial and antiviral substances, and also find application in medicine and cosmetics for various purposes. The composition and some technological properties of seeds of mountain almond seed (Amygdalus communis L. varietas amara DC.). Cultivated in the mountain zones (Bostanlyq) of Uzbekistan were studied. To obtain seeds from cold pressing, fatty oil was separated. The cake was degreased with organic solvents, the residues were dried and ground. Using gas-liquid chromatography, the presence of 3.24% amygdalin in the composition of crushed powder of bitter almonds was established. Spectral analysis of bitter almond powder showed the presence of Mg, P, Ca, K, Si, Sr, Fe, Mn, B, Cu and other elements. The nitrogen content of the powder determined by the Dume method was 5.72 (±0.2)%. Aqueous and ethanol extracts were obtained from bitter almond powder with a yield of 10.5 and 13.2%. Chromatographic analysis of the composition of the extracts showed the presence of 0.0029% amygdalin in aqueous and 27.2% in ethanol extracts. Protein with a yield of 35.25±0.2% was isolated from the studied powder of bitter almonds. The protein is purified by dialysis, centrifugation and identified by IR spectroscopy. The amino acid analysis of the composition of the hydrolyzate protein of bitter almonds showed the presence of glycine, aspartic acid, arginine, glutamine, alanine and other amino acids. Bitter almond seed powder, extracts and protein isolated from it are of practical interest for cosmetology practice.
STEVIA (STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI): BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES AND USE IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY (REVIEW)
Authors: Kochetov Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Sinyavina Nadezhda Georgiyevna
Published: July 2021

The review presents the current state of the science for stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertony), its biochemical composition, therapeutic properties and using in the food industry. Interest in this plant, a source of natural low-calorie sweeteners, is associated with increased consumption of dietary sweeteners, caused by an increase in the number of patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and with many negative effects from the use of synthetic sweeteners. Diterpene glycosides from stevia have a high sweetness (50-350 times sweeter than sucrose), low calorie content, safe for human health. In addition to them, a number of biologically valuable compounds (mineral elements, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, oligosugars, fiber, polyphenols) were found in the leaves of stevia. High antioxidant properties of stevia leaf extracts has been shown, which allows them to be used in the food industry in the production of functional products. Numerous data have been obtained on the various therapeutic properties of stevia. It has been revealed that regular use of stevia glycosides reduces blood glucose and cholesterol levels, promotes cell regeneration, inhibits the growth of tumor cells and strengthens blood vessels. Components from stevia leaves have a choleretic, diuretic effect, normalize blood pressure, prevent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and have a beneficial effect on kidney function. Stevia extracts also have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The safety and stability of stevia sweet glycosides in an acidic environment and at high temperatures allows them to be widely used in the production of products such as diet drinks, teas, sauces, marinades, seafood, ice cream, yogurts, pastries, culinary products and sweets.
A new method for computation of positive realizations of linear discrete-time systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: July 2021

A new method for computation of positive realizations of given transfer matrices of linear discrete-time linear systems is proposed. Sufficient conditions for the existence of positive realizations of transfer matrices are given. A procedure for computation of the positive realizations is proposed and illustrated by an example.
Media Game Edukasi Quizizz dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Amaliyatul Ulya  , Ahmad Arifi
Published: July 2021

History of Islamic Culture (SKI) is a subject that emphasizes the ability of students to take lessons from Islamic history by imitating figures who excel in their time and developing Islamic culture and civilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Quizizz Educational Game in improving student learning outcomes in SKI lessons at MI Al-Huda. This research is a type of field research with an experimental approach. The research subjects were class 4 students, totaling 52 students. Class IVA became the experimental class with 25 students and class IVB became the control class with 27 students. Methods of data collection using tests, interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that learning with the Quizizz Educational Game in class IVA was effective. The test results showed an increase in student learning outcomes in the experimental class compared to the control class. The average score increase in the experimental class was 9.83 and for the control class, it increased by 9.6. Based on statistical analysis with the t-test calculation, the significance value was 0.000 <0.05. The results of the statistical test indicate that there is a significant difference in the learning outcomes of SKI between the experimental group and the control group. This proves that the increase in student learning outcomes is influenced by the use of Quizizz Educational Games.

Abstrak: Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) merupakan mata pelajaran yang menekankan pada kemampuan peserta didik dalam mengambil hikmah pelajaran dari sejarah Islam dengan cara meneladani tokoh yang berprestasi pada masanya serta mengembangkan kebudayaan serta peradaban Islam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas Game Edukasi Quizizz dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran SKI di MI Al-Huda. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan eksperimen. Subjek penelitianya adalah peserta didik kelas 4 yang berjumlah 52 siswa. Kelas IVA menjadi kelas eksperimen berjumlah 25 siswa dan kelas IVB menjadi kelas kontrol dengan jumlah 27 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan Game Edukasi Quizizz di kelas IVA berjalan efektif. Hasil tes memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik di kelas eksperimen dibanding kelas kontrol. Rata-rata peningkatan nilai di kelas eskperimen sebesar 9,83 dan untuk kelas kontrol meningkat sebesar 9,6.  Berdasarkan analisis statistik dengan perhitungan uji-t didapatkan nilai signifikansinya 0,000 < 0,05. Hasil uji statistik tersebut menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar SKI antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dipengaruhi penggunaan Game Edukasi Quizizz.
Musica Reservata: Two Initiatory Chants for the Vòdún Worship Society in Benin. By Gilbert Rouget. Translated by Cari Friesen.
Authors: Friesen Cari
Published: July 2021

Rouget analyzes the recordings of two pieces for vòdún initiation ceremonies for the deities of Xɛvyòsò (thunder and lightning) and Sakpàtá (the Earth), which he recorded near Porto Novo, Benin (formerly Dahomey), in 1958 and 1969, respectively. These pieces are performed in great secrecy and differ significantly in form and style from the drumming, dancing, and singing performed for the public “coming-out” ceremonies at the end of the initiates’ period of seclusion. Using staff and sonogram transcriptions, Rouget focuses on melodic and strophic repetition, as well as the function of chromaticism, a rarity in African music. These pieces reflect how the initiates move from a state of “dispossession,” or self-alienation, which the author chronicles in his photographs, before they are symbolically reborn in the public portion of the ceremony. Rouget argues for the pieces’ status as sacred works of art, originating from before colonization, that are worthy of aesthetic appreciation.

Citation: Rouget, Gilbert. Musica Reservata: Two Initiatory Chants for the Vòdún Worship Society in Benin. Translated by Cari Friesen. Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 12. Bloomington, IN: Society for Ethnomusicology, 2021.

Originally published in French as Musica Reservata. Deux chants initiatiques pour le culte des vôdoun au Bénin. Paris: Palais de l’Institut, 2006.
Atlas of Charcoal-Based Grilling Fuel Components
Authors: Drobniak Agnieszka , Jelonek Zbigniew , Mastalerz Maria , Jelonek Iwona
Published: July 2021

This “Atlas of Charcoal-Based Grilling Fuel Components” features compilation of over 620 microscopic images taken between 2019 and 2021 while our team was improving methodology of using reflected light microscopy in identification of charcoal-based grilling fuels constituents. These photomicrographs provide documentation of the composition of the fuels and demonstrate the array of impurities that can be present. As such, this atlas is a valuable source of information for anyone interested in grilling, pellet fuels, optical microscopy, and quality assessment techniques.
The Stories We Live By and the stories we won’t stand by: Measuring the impact of a free online course in ecolinguistics
Authors: Roccia Mariana , Iubini-Hampton Jessica
Published: July 2021

Current dominant narratives of economic growth, consumerism, and anthropocentric views on human existence, to name a few, are behind the driving forces responsible for the increasing destruction of the very own ecological systems that all life depends on. By utilizing tools of Discourse Analysis while adopting an ecological perspective, the free online course The Stories We Live By (TSWLB) offers a practical and accessible framework in which stories can be critically evaluated, questioned, and resisted. Crucially, students are encouraged to apply their newly acquired theoretical insights to search for alternative stories to live by. While current approaches of impact assessment beyond academia can be measured more readily in the sciences, it is harder to assess whether, how, and to what extent humanities research produces change in society; arguably, the digital format of the course adds to the complexity of assessing its impact. In this article, the authors aim to draw attention on the inherent value of the dissemination of traditional academic tools beyond academia. By combining both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in relation to the free online course TSWLB as a case study, the article provides an innovative tool to effectively measure impact which renders itself suitable for a wider range of disciplines across both traditional and digital humanities.
Crystal structure of 1-(2-cyanobenzyl)-3-cyano-4-phenyl-4-(2-cyanobenzyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine monohydrate, C56H42N8O
Authors: Li Yi-Da , Song Zhi-Qiang , Yue Zhi-Wei , Zhong Qi-Di , Qi Ya-Juan
Published: July 2021

C56H42N8O, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 17.885(3) Å, b = 15.647(2) Å, c = 16.189(2) Å, V = 4530.4(11) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0464, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1219, T = 296.15 K.
Zwischen Absicherung, Irrelevanz und Infragestellung der Liebe: Deutungen heiratender Paare in der Thematisierung und Aushandlung von Eheverträgen
Authors: Wutzler Michael
Published: July 2021

Emotionalisierung und Rationalisierung sind elementare Prozesse westlich-moderner Gesellschaften. Eindrücklich lässt sich dies anhand von Paarbeziehungen nachzeichnen, deren Transformation im Übergang in die Moderne zugleich von der Autonomisierung der emotionalen Bindungen und der Verrechtlichung dieser Bindungen gekennzeichnet ist. Die den Paarbeziehungen zugrundeliegende emotionalen Bindungen folgen einer anderen Logik als die Formalisierung des Rechts und zugleich unterliegt jede intime Beziehung rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Die individuelle emotionale Vergemeinschaftung über Höchstrelevanz und Nicht-Austauschbarkeit steht der Sachlichkeit, Vertragsförmigkeit und Austauschbarkeit des Rechts gegenüber. Die Individualisierung und Deinstitutionalisierung intimer Beziehungen haben die rechtliche Normierung des Intimen nicht aufgelöst. Rechtliche Regulierungen üben nicht nur Zwang aus, sondern geben auch die Möglichkeit, intime Beziehung zu gestalten. Es obliegt den Individuen in Paarbeziehungen dieses Spannungsverhältnis von zugleich emotionaler und rechtlicher Handlungsaufforderung auszuhandeln. Die Aneignung von Recht und das Bewusstsein für dessen Effekte auf die eigene Paarrealität setzen konkretes Wissen oder Annahmen über rechtliche Regularien voraus. Im Artikel wird auf Basis der Analyse von Paarinterviews der Thematisierung von Eheverträgen durch kurz vor ihrer Eheschließung stehender Paare und der Frage nachgegangen, wie Paare die Ambiguität von emotionaler Bindung und Verrechtlichung der Beziehung verhandeln. Eheverträge stellen eine Möglichkeit dar, zwischen der bestehenden Rechtslage und der Paarrealität zu vermitteln. Anhand empirischer Beispiele werden vier zentrale Deutungsmuster von Eheverträgen beschrieben.
Synthesis and coordination chemistry of silver(I), gold(I) and gold(III) complexes with picoline-functionalized benzimidazolin-2-ylidene ligands
Authors: Jahnke Mareike C. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: July 2021

The reactions of N-alkyl-N′-picolyl-benzimidazolium bromides or N,N′-dipicolyl-benzimidazolium bromide with silver oxide yielded the silver dicarbene complexes of the type [Ag(NHC)2][AgBr2] 1–4 (NHC = picoline-functionalized benzimidazolin-2-ylidene). The silver complexes 1–4 have been used in carbene transfer reactions to yield the gold(I) complexes of the type [AuCl(NHC)] 5–8 in good yields. A halide exchange at the metal center of complexes 5–8 with lithium bromide yielded the gold bromide complexes 9–12. Finally, the oxidation of the gold(I) centers in complexes 9–12 with elemental bromine gave the gold(III) complexes of the type [AuBr3(NHC)] 13–16. Molecular structures of selected Au(I) and Au(III) complexes have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
A recurrent familial partial lipodystrophy due to a monoallelic or biallelic LMNA founder variant highlights the multifaceted cardiac manifestations of metabolic laminopathies
Authors: Treiber Guillaume , Flaus Furmaniuk Ania , Guilleux Alice , Medjane Samir , Bonfanti Oriane , Schneebeli Stéphane , Bernard Céline , Le-Moullec Nathalie , Bakiri Faouzi , Pholsena Maryse , Rollot Olivier , Vatier Camille , Jarlet Eric , Jéru Isabelle , Lascols Olivier , Darcel Françoise , Domun Bhoopendrasing , Venault Adrien , Venault Sophie , Jacquemont Marie-Line , Doray Berenice , Maiza Jean-Christophe , Cogne Muriel , Vigouroux Corinne , Nobécourt Estelle
Published: July 2021

Aims

LMNA-linked familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) leads to insulin resistance-associated metabolic complications and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to characterise the disease phenotype in a cohort of patients carrying an LMNA founder variant.

Methods

We collected clinical and biological data from patients carrying the monoallelic or biallelic LMNA p.(Thr655Asnfs*49) variant (n =  65 and 13, respectively) and 19 non-affected relative controls followed-up in Reunion Island Lipodystrophy Competence Centre, France.

Results

Two-thirds of patients with FPLD2 (n = 51) and one-third of controls (n = 6) displayed lipodystrophy and/or lean or android morphotype (P  = 0.02). Although age and BMI were not statistically different between the two groups, the insulin resistance index (median HOMA-IR: 3.7 vs 1.5, P  = 0.001), and the prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were much higher in patients with FPLD2 (51.3 vs 15.8%, 83.3 vs 42.1%, and 83.1 vs 33.3% (all P ≤ 0.01), respectively). Atherosclerosis tended to be more frequent in patients with FPLD2 (P  = 0.07). Compared to heterozygous, homozygous patients displayed more severe lipoatrophy and metabolic alterations (lower BMI, fat mass, leptin and adiponectin, and higher triglycerides P ≤ 0.03) and tended to develop diabetes more frequently, and earlier (P  = 0.09). Dilated cardiomyopathy and/or rhythm/conduction disturbances were the hallmark of the disease in homozygous patients, leading to death in four cases.

Conclusions

The level of expression of the LMNA ‘Reunionese’ variant determines the severity of both lipoatrophy and metabolic complications. It also modulates the cardiac phenotype, from atherosclerosis to severe cardiomyopathy, highlighting the need for careful cardiac follow-up in affected patients.
Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable tool to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of burosumab in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia
Authors: Zhukouskaya Volha V , Mannes Inès , Chaussain Catherine , Kamenický Peter , Audrain Christelle , Lambert Anne-Sophie , Nevoux Jérôme , Wicart Philippe , Briot Karine , Di Rocco Federico , Trabado Séverine , Prié Dominique , Di Somma Carolina , Colao Annamaria , Adamsbaum Catherine , Rothenbuhler Anya , Linglart Agnès
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To examine the MRI diagnostic performance in the assessment of therapeutic response to burosumab in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).

Design

Prospective longitudinal open cohort.

Patients

Seventeen children with XLH, average age of 10.2 ± 2.7 years, had a knee MRI at baseline and after 1 year of burosumab.

Intervention

Children received burosumab at an average dose of 1.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg during 1 year for the treatment of severe rickets (the target serum phosphate ≥ 1.2 mmol/L (≥3.7 mg/dL). The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to 12 months in rachitic lesions on knee MRI. Secondary endpoints were changes in biochemical parameters of phosphate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Results

One year of treatment with burosumab significantly reduced radiological disease activity on knee MRI (by 44 ± 29% in the transverse extent of widening) which was accompanied by a significant reduction in biochemical activity, namely in serum ALP activity, by 28 ± 17%. Additionally, MRI parameters after 1 year of treatment with burosumab (the maximum width of medial physis at 12 months and the change from baseline in the maximum width of lateral physis) were associated with ALP activity at 12 months.

Conclusion

We suggest that MRI is a valuable and quantitative tool to evaluate the therapeutic response to burosumab. MRI could be an excellent alternative to standard bone radiographs for evaluation of the rachitic lesions in a clinical setting avoiding repeated exposition to ionizing radiation.
ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19-2021 UPDATES: The management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia
Authors: Christ-Crain Mirjam , Hoorn Ewout J , Sherlock Mark , Thompson Chris J , Wass John
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 has changed the nature of medical consultations, emphasizing virtual patient counselling, with relevance for patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) or hyponatraemia. The main complication of desmopressin treatment in DI is dilutional hyponatraemia. Since plasma sodium monitoring is not always possible in times of COVID-19, we recommend to delay the desmopressin dose once a week until aquaresis occurs allowing excess retained water to be excreted. Patients should measure their body weight daily. Patients with DI admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 have a high risk for mortality due to volume depletion. Specialists must supervise fluid replacement and dosing of desmopressin. Patients after pituitary surgery should drink to thirst and measure their body weight daily to early recognize the development of postoperative SIAD. They should know hyponatraemia symptoms. Hyponatraemia in COVID-19 is common with a prevalence of 20–30% and is mostly due to SIAD or hypovolaemia. It mirrors disease severity and is an early predictor of mortality. Hypernatraemia may also develop in COVID-19 patients, with a prevalence of 3–5%, especially in ICU, and derives from different multifactorial reasons, for example, due to insensible water losses from pyrexia, increased respiration rate and use of diuretics. Hypernatraemic dehydration may contribute to the high risk of acute kidney injury in COVID-19. IV fluid replacement should be administered with caution in severe cases of COVID-19 because of the risk of pulmonary oedema.
Structural analysis of CaCO3 nanoparticle/pulp fiber composites by tube flow fractionation
Authors: Fuchise-Fukuoka Moe , Goto Shisei , Isogai Akira
Published: July 2021

Two slurries that consisted of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles and unbeaten hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HBKP) were prepared via ultrafine bubble and mixing methods. In the ultrafine bubble method, a CO2 gas flow was bubbled into a HBKP slurry that contained Ca(OH)2 to prepare a precipitated CaCO3/HBKP composite slurry. The HBKP/water and precipitated CaCO3/water slurries were prepared separately and mixed to prepare a precipitated CaCO3/HBKP mixture slurry. Each of the two CaCO3/HBKP slurries was separated into five fractions using a tube flow fractionation (TFF) system. The first and second fractions consisted of long HBKP fibers and fiber aggregates. The third fraction had the highest mass ratio of the components in the five fractions, and it had approximately 1-mm-long HBKP fibers. The fourth fraction contained primarily HBKP short fibers and CaCO3 aggregates. Thus, the CaCO3/HBKP components in the slurry were separated adequately by TFF, depending on their hydrodynamic sizes. The average width of each fraction in the CaCO3/HBKP composite slurry was always larger than that of the corresponding fraction from the CaCO3/HBKP mixture slurry, which indicated that precipitated CaCO3 nanoparticles and their aggregates attached stably to long and short pulp fiber surfaces in the composite slurry.
Кордони та пограниччя в дискурсивному просторі соціогуманітаристики: теоретичні проєкції
Authors: Верменич Ярослава Володимирівна
Published: July 2021

У статті запропоновано міждисциплінарний вимір осмислення теоретичних проблем дослідження кордонів та погранич у соціогуманітарному просторі. Показано, що застосування геополітичних, геоекономічних, геокультурних та геоінформаційних методологічних підходів зумовлює можливість репрезентації феномена кордонів та погранич у вигляді соціального і політичного конструкту, що детермінує навколишній простір, перетворюючи його на ареал комунікацій і взаємовпливів. Доведено, що кордони не лише розмежовують простір держав, а й визначають межі ідентичностей — як реально існуючих територіальних, так і постійно конструйованих символічних, формують культурно-цивілізаційний код народу. Репрезентовано авторське бачення необхідності концептуалізації історичної лімології як міждисциплінарного наукового напряму, орієнтованого на вивчення процесів самоідентифікації людини з конкретним територіальним простором на основі всієї сукупності взаємодій у міждержавних, міжетнічних та міжконфесійних координатах. Наголошено, що національні інтереси і цілі безпеки будь-якої держави потребують максимального врахування чинника порубіжності у відтворенні об’єктивної картини її минулого розвитку та моніторингу й аналітики тенденцій і викликів сучасної регіональної та етнонаціональної політики.
Усе життя — в математиці
Authors: Скрипнік Ігор Ігорович , Рязанов Володимир Ілліч
Published: July 2021

15 липня виповнюється 80 років відомому українському фахівцю в галузі комплексного аналізу, геометричної теорії функцій і рівнянь в частинних похідних, лауреату Державної премії України в галузі науки і техніки (2020), премій НАН України імені М.М. Крилова (2005) та імені М.Г. Крейна (2016), раднику при дирекції Інституту прикладної математики і механіки НАН України, доктору фізико-математичних наук (1972), професору (1978), члену-кореспонденту НАН України (2009) Володимиру Яковичу Гутлянському.