bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of hydroxylated boron nitride nanoplatelets, their toxic effect and drug delivery application
Authors: Asif Kanwal , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Sfriso Andrea Augusto , Parisi Salvatore , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Caligiuri Isabella , Rizzolio Flavio , Adeel Muhammad
Published: August 2024

–OH/BNNPs synthesis and release of DOX in a pH dependent manner to induce apoptosis.
Superhydrophobic stretchable sensors based on interfacially self-assembled carbon nanotube film for self-sensing drag-reduction shipping
Authors: Wang Shuai , Deng Weili , Yang Weiqing
Published: August 2024

Superhydrophobic stretchable sensors with excellent robustness and aquatic sensing performance were developed through a facile and efficient transferring strategy using interfacially self-assembled CNT film.
Facile synthesis of N-doped graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for Cr(vi) and folic acid detection
Authors: Ni Chu-Sen , Zhang Wen-Jie , Bi Wen-Zhu , Wu Ming-Xia , Feng Su-Xiang , Chen Xiao-Lan , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: August 2024

Facial synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and their application in the “on–off” fluorescent detection of Cr(vi) and folic acid.
Path-dependent hydrogen evolution reaction via selective etching of bilayer MoS2 catalysts
Authors: Jung Min , Lim Jungmoon , Byeon Junsung , Kim Taehun , Lim Younghoon , Park Hongju , Eom Jaesik , Lee Seungsub , Pak Sangyeon , Cha SeungNam
Published: August 2024

Innovative laser etching techniques precisely modulate the density of active sites on the basal plane of bilayer MoS2 and thereby significantly enhance its hydrogen evolution reaction.
Cucurbit[8]uril as a supramolecular lock for designing a dual-chain conjugated polymer photocatalyst for enhanced H2O2 production
Authors: Yin Jie , Li Si-zhe , Zhang Hao , Lu Yao , Zhao Yan , Zhang K. A. I.
Published: August 2024

Conjugated polymers (CPs) have garnered attention for their tailorable structural properties, particularly in the context of efficient photosynthetic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production.
Elemental halogen cathodes for aqueous zinc batteries: mechanisms, challenges and strategies
Authors: Yan Zhijie , Yang Quan-Hong , Yang Chunpeng
Published: August 2024

Aqueous zinc–halogen batteries (AZHBs) are promising energy-storage systems but suffer from shuttle effect and poor redox kinetics. This review summarizes the mechanism and research status of AZHBs and provides solutions to overcome the challenges.
Activatable near-infrared fluorescence probe for real-time imaging of PD-L1 expression in tumors
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Liu Maixian , Park Chan Hyeok , Lee Byung Il , Jang Hyonchol , Choi Yongdoo
Published: August 2024

The activatable fluorescence probe Q-Atezol demonstrates great potential as an exceptional sensor for assessing PD-L1 expression in three-dimensional cell structures and for in vivo applications.
Reverse intersystem crossing from high-level triplet excited electronic states of fluorescent organic molecules
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Scully Andrew D. , Skidmore Melissa A. , Ke Hua , Wu Xiaojun , Li Jie , Zhang Zhicheng , Li Xiaochang , Ueno Kazunori
Published: August 2024

Triplet-sensitized “delayed fluorescence” from DPOTAB via efficient T4 → S1 “hot-RISC” (hRISC) is reported, in which a suppressed population of long-lived T1 inhibits triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) and phosphorescence.
Phase distribution regulation of formamidinium-based quasi-2D perovskites through solution engineering
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Einhaus Lisanne , Huijser Annemarie , ten Elshof Johan E.
Published: August 2024

Mixing a Dion–Jacobson spacer and a Ruddlesden–Popper spacer regulates quasi-2D perovskite thin films for a normal-gradient phase distribution, while FACl additive doping regulates the films to give a reversed-gradient phase distribution.
Co-doping of Sb3+/Ln3+ in the Cs2NaGdCl6 perovskite leads to efficient energy transfer and single-host white light emission
Authors: Chen Zihan , Peng Xiuxiu , Zhang Wenjun , Gao Wei , Xin Chengyue , Li Zhongfa , Yu Xiaoyan
Published: August 2024

Sb3+/Ln3+ co-doped Cs2NaGdCl6 double perovskite was prepared. The energy transfer relationship between Sb3+ and Tb3+ was explored. White phosphors with CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.33) were obtained by introducing Ho3+ into the Cs2NaGdCl6:Sb3+,Tb3+.
Bayesian network structure learning by dynamic programming algorithm based on node block sequence constraints
Authors: He Chuchao , Di Ruohai , Li Bo , Neretin Evgeny
Published: August 2024

The use of dynamic programming (DP) algorithms to learn Bayesian network structures is limited by their high space complexity and difficulty in learning the structure of large‐scale networks. Therefore, this study proposes a DP algorithm based on node block sequence constraints. The proposed algorithm constrains the traversal process of the parent graph by using the M‐sequence matrix to considerably reduce the time consumption and space complexity by pruning the traversal process of the order graph using the node block sequence. Experimental results show that compared with existing DP algorithms, the proposed algorithm can obtain learning results more efficiently with less than 1% loss of accuracy, and can be used for learning larger‐scale networks.
Physics and data‐driven approach for online joint state and parameter estimation of electricity and steam networks
Authors: Zhao Jun , Li Wange , Wang Tianyu , Wang Wei
Published: August 2024

The electricity and steam integrated energy systems, which can capture waste heat and improve the overall energy efficiency, have been widely utilised in industrial parks. However, intensive and frequent changes in demands would lead to model parameters with strong time‐varying characteristics. This paper proposes a hybrid physics and data‐driven framework for online joint state and parameter estimation of steam and electricity integrated energy system. Based on the physical non‐linear state space models for the electricity network (EN) and steam heating network (SHN), relevance vector machine is developed to learn parameters' dynamic characteristics with respect to model states, which is embedded with physical models. Then, the online joint state and parameter estimation based on unscented Kalman filter is proposed, which would be learnt recursively to capture the spatiotemporal transient characteristics between electricity and SHNs. The IEEE 39‐bus EN and the 29‐nodes SHN are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results validate that the proposed method can provide a higher estimation accuracy than the state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
An application of hybrid weighted similarity measure of neutrosophic set in medical diagnosis
Authors: Mustapha Norzieha , Alias Suriana , Md Yasin Roliza , Shafii Noorazliyana , Broumi Said
Published: August 2024

The study introduces a hybrid weighted similarity measure (HWSM) for the analysis of symptoms and diseases in patients using a neutrosophic set (NS). NS proves valuable for modeling uncertainty by accommodating contradictory and ambiguous information. The development of a similarity measure for NS information is crucial in various applications, particularly in medical diagnostics, to quantify similarity between sets. While existing literature provides various similarity measures for NS, only a limited number incorporates hybrid techniques. This study proposes a hybrid similarity measure that combines existing measures and integrates them with an entropy weight measure. To elaborate, distance- based similarity measures for NS are initially considered. Subsequently, an entropy weight measure is employed to calculate the attributes' weight of the attributes. The work includes formulating the properties of the proposed HWSM and its practical application in medical diagnosis, focusing on assessing the possibility of medical diagnoses in a patient. The study examines five symptoms which are fever, headache, stomach pain, cough, and chest pain. The HWSM is applied to analyze these symptoms across five different diseases, resulting in consistent and reliable outcomes. This research contributes to the ongoing enhancement of diagnostic tools for medical practitioners, addressing challenges associated with uncertainty in patient information.
Analysis of the conjugacy search problem of the Diffie-Hellman protocol based on the SL(2,3) subgroup
Authors: Jusoo Siti Hasanah , Mohamad Mohd Sham , Sulaiman Sahimel Azwal , Hasan Fatin Hanani
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange is to establish a shared secret key given that the protocol works in an abelian group setting. In this paper, conditions are presented to attain a shared secret key over a nonabelian group for the well-known Diffie-Hellman method. To attain the shared secret key, a subgroup of a nonabelian group will be presented in the abelian configuration by incorporating group theory concept such as normal subgroup and cyclic subgroup. The protocol introduced on the nonabelian group, namely the special linear group, addresses the conjugacy search problem, aiming to enhance the security of the existing protocol. Examples in special linear group SL(2,3) are presented to illustrate the implementation of Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol.
Diagnostic reference levels for adult Computed Tomography at the University Hospital Center of Marrakech (MOROCCO).
Authors: Khajmi H. , Mounir A. , Tounsi A. , Oufni L.
Published: August 2024

In this research, the diagnostic reference level (DRL) for routine Computed Tomography (CT) exams at the Arrazi Hospital of the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center (Med VI UHC) in Marrakech, Morocco, was established. The DRL for routine CT scans was derived through prospective research. Based on recommendation for computing DRL by various international legal organisations, we took into account the CT Volume Dose Index CTDIvol (mGy) and the Dose-Length Product DLP (mGy.cm) as dosimetric quantities. The statistics calculated of the CTDIvol and DLP 75th percentiles were suggested as DRLs. The DRLs obtained for the head, chest-abdomen-pelvis CAP), chest, abdomen were 39 mGy, 8 mGy, 11 mGy, 9 mGy, and 1445 mGy.cm, 825 mGy.cm, 700 mGy.cm, and 788 mGy.cm, respectively. When compared to the published numbers, the DRLs found in the present investigation are higher.
Fallbericht komplexe posttraumatische Belastungsstörung
Authors: Kraft Dagmar , Repsyte-Scharf Palmira , Kunzke Dieter , Altmeyer Susanne
Published: August 2024

Ein 66 Jahre alter Mann wurde in seiner Kindheit von der Mutter getrennt und war fortan einem
gewalttätigen Vater ausgeliefert. Das Gefühl der Ohnmacht und der Einschränkungen durch die
Corona-Pandemie führten zu einer Verstärkung seiner Symptome einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung
(PTBS). Auf Anraten seiner Kinder begibt er sich schließlich in psychotherapeutische Behandlung.
Enantioselective Oxidative Homocoupling of 2-Oxindoles with a Chiral Bisguanidinium Hypoiodite Catalyst
Authors: Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo , Shimizu Yuta , Sugimoto Kota , Mori Io , Xu Ban , Tan Choon Hong
Published: August 2024

The bisoxindole motif is present in a variety of biologically active compounds. Here, we report an enantioselective oxidative homocoupling reaction of 2-oxindoles in the presence of a chiral bisguanidinium hypoiodite catalyst, providing access to the corresponding optically active bisoxindoles in excellent yields and with moderate to high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
Synthesis of the (±)-trans-Whiskey and Cognac Lactones via a Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropane Hemimalonate
Authors: Kerr Michael A. , Menna Tim J.
Published: August 2024

Aging alcohol is a timeless process that has seen little variation since the time of its invention. Molecules stored within the wood can be extracted by the alcohol to produce unique flavors. Among these molecules exist the whiskey and cognac lactones. Herein we report a short synthesis of the trans-whiskey and cognac lactones using a rearrangement of cyclopropane hemimalonates.
Early Diagnosis of Gall Bladder Cancer: An Appeal
Authors: Kapoor Vinay K. , Sharma Ajay , Malhotra Hemant , Sethi Neha , Bansal Nikhil , Sharma Raj G. , Nepalia Subhash , Saraswat Vivek A.
Published: August 2024

A team of gastroenterologists, oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and surgeons from a university teaching hospital in western India make an appeal, through the Journal, to the statutory bodies and the scientific societies related to surgery, oncology, gastroenterology, radiology, and pathology for considering measures, which, if implemented, can help in early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer, the most common nongender organ cancer in women in some parts of India.
Numerical optimization and efficiency analysis of Sn-based perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells with various TCO materials using SCAPS-1D simulation
Authors: Moinuddin Rayan Md. , Hasan Mahmudul , Rahaman Mostafizur , Islam Kazi Siamul
Published: August 2024

Tandem cell technology is one step forward toward sustainable energy future. In tandem cells, it is possible to harness solar energy more effectively as multiple layers of a solar cell stack with different bandgaps capture and convert a broader range of incident spectra into electricity. It is crucial for tandem cells to have Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) with high transparency, high electrical conductivity, low reflection losses, and chemical stability so that their performance is boosted. In this numerical study, four different TCO layer materials—FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), and MZO (magnesium-doped zinc oxide)—have been investigated with a tin-based perovskite-on-silicon structure (TCO/TiO2/MASnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/c-SiOx/c-Si) for optimization and efficiency using SCAPS-1D simulation software. To reliably simulate tandem cells, optical filtering of bottom cells is achieved by calculating usable spectra from the top perovskite solar cell. The thickness of the TCO layer along with the selected material significantly affected the overall performance of the simulated solar cell. The best-case scenario among the four different materials was obtained from FTO as the TCO layer, which provided an open circuit voltage of 1.62 V, open circuit current of 20.52 mA cm−2, and efficiency of 25.34%. This study provides valuable insights into how TCO layer selection and optimization can lead to a more efficient, and thus more environmentally friendly, tandem solar cell configuration.
Scale-invariant Features of X-Ray Bursts from SGR J1935+2154 Detected by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Li Xiu-Juan , Liu Jia-Mu , Cheng Ming , Wang Yan-Na , Zhang Wen-Long
Published: August 2024

In this work, we restudy the scale-invariant features of X-ray bursts from the soft gamma repeater (SGR) J1935+2154. To compare with previous studies, we choose 75 bursts from a dedicated 33 days-long observation carried out by Insight-HXMT. We investigate the size difference distributions of net counts, duration, and waiting time. It is found that the cumulative difference distributions of net counts and duration follow the q-Gaussian models with approximately steady q-values, confirming that the scale-invariant features exist in X-ray bursts of SGR J1935+2154. Regarding the varying results of waiting time reported by Sang & Lin and Wei et al, we find that the distributions of waiting time can be well described by the q-Gaussian model. Furthermore, the q-values of waiting time remain relatively stable at the 3σ confidence level, corroborating the scale invariance in the X-ray bursts. Additionally, we note that there is no significant q-value evolution across three Insight-HXMT telescopes. These findings statistically affirm that the X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154 can be attributed to an fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality system with a plausible Euclidean spatial dimension S = 3, implying that X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154 and associated astrophysical phenomena may share a similar magnetically dominated stochastic process.
Phase-mediated single-photon scattering and nonreciprocal transmission in a coupled resonator waveguide with a three-level giant atom
Authors: Chen Keke , Zhu Zhonghua , Zhang Yuqing , Fu Xiangyun , Peng Zhaohui , Lu Zhenyan , Chai Yifeng , Xiong Zuzhou , Tan Lei
Published: August 2024

We theoretically investigate single-photon scattering and nonreciprocal transmission in a coupled resonator waveguide which is coupled to a driven three-level giant atom via two distant sites. In our system, the local coupling phases are introduced to induce intriguing interference effects. As a result, the phase difference can serve as a sensitive controller for the photon scattering. It is found that the photon scattering properties can be effectively tailored by the size of the giant atom, the driving field and the phase difference. Intriguingly, by carefully tuning the parameters such as the atomic dissipation and the phase difference, a perfect nonreciprocal single-photon transmission can be realized. Additionally, the photon frequency can be adjusted by modulating Rabi frequency of the driving field. These results have significant potential for the development of nonreciprocal optical devices using the giant-atom configuration.
Secondary electron yield of air-exposed ALD-Al2O3 coating on Ag-plated aluminum alloy
Authors: Wan 万 Xue-Man 雪曼 , Hu 胡 Tian-Cun 天存 , Yang 杨 Jing 晶 , Zhang 张 Na 娜 , He 何 Yun 鋆 , Cui 崔 Wan-Zhao 万照
Published: August 2024

Secondary electron yield (SEY) of air-exposed metals tends to be increased because of air-formed oxide, hydrocarbon, and other contaminants. This enhances the possibility of secondary electron multipacting in high-power microwave systems, resulting in undesirable occurrence of discharge damage. Al2O3 coatings have been utilized as passive and protective layers on device packages to provide good environmental stability. We employed atomic layer deposition (ALD) to produce a series of uniform Al2O3 coatings with appropriate thickness on Ag-plated aluminum alloy. The secondary electron emission characteristics and their variations during air exposure were observed. The escape depth of secondary electron needs to exceed the coating thickness to some extent in order to demonstrate SEY of metallic substrates. Based on experimental and calculated results, the maximum SEY of Ag-plated aluminum alloy had been maintained at 2.45 over 90 days of exposure without obvious degradation by applying 1 nm Al2O3 coatings. In comparison, the peak SEY of untreated Ag-plated aluminum alloy grew from an initial 2.33 to 2.53, exceeding that of the 1 nm Al2O3 sample. The ultra-thin ALD-Al2O3 coating substantially enhanced the SEY stability of metal materials, with good implications for the environmental dependability of spacecraft microwave components.
Comparative study on the aerodynamic characteristics of various wingtips for soaring drones
Authors: Cui Yunxiang , Yan De , Wan Zhiqiang
Published: August 2024

The bionic structure of birds is an important topic in aircraft research, and determining the configuration of wingtips is important. The wingtips of birds have two characteristics: upturned and slotted. Many studies have shown that these wingtip characteristics can improve aerodynamic efficiency, but the wing models, calculation contents, comparison objects, and applicable scenarios used in these studies differ, and the conclusions also differ. To explore wingtip forms suitable for soaring drones, model building, aerodynamic characteristic calculations, and a comparative analysis of various wingtips are presented in this paper. This research is based on a fixed-wing drone that mimics soaring birds, such as eagles and vultures, using thermal updrafts to soar for long periods. Two wingtip models, the seamless wingtip and biomimetic slotted wingtip, were established. The aerodynamic characteristics of the wingtip models were calculated and compared under various cant angle states. The results show that in most flight states of fixed-wing soaring drones, seamless wingtips have higher lift coefficients, lower drag coefficients, and higher lift-to-drag ratios than bio-memetic slotted wingtips, making them more suitable for the soaring drone design.
Experimental study on the separation of the strap type connection unlocking mechanism
Authors: Fan Junfeng , Wang Yalong , Zhang Haoyue , Yang Juhan , Wang Xiaohong , Luo Jie
Published: August 2024

The strap type connection mechanism is widely used in star arrow connections due to its high reliability. The article analyzes the separation test characteristics of the star arrow belt type connection unlocking mechanism, proposes three separation test methods, and analyzes and compares their advantages and disadvantages. A separation test scheme design and experimental verification were carried out for the belt type connection mechanism of a certain satellite, and a test scheme and method suitable for complex separation surfaces and requiring precise measurement of separation speed, attitude, and other parameters were summarized.
Efficient computation of horizontal stabilizer incidence angle for low pitching moments based on actuator model
Authors: Yang Minghao , Hu Wei , Li Shu
Published: August 2024

In the forward flight state of the helicopter, the interaction between the main rotor downwash airflow and the horizontal stabilizer at the fuselage end generates a pitching moment, which can be mitigated by changing the incidence angle of the horizontal stabilizer to improve the flight safety. The calculation method proposed in this paper simplifies the main rotor to actuator disk model and the horizontal stabilizer to actuator line model, which can be used to optimize the angle of incidence without geometric modeling. Numerical experiments can prove the high efficiency and good numerical convergence of this method, and the small pitching moment can still be obtained after considering the geometric model under this angle of incidence, and the comparison of the results under different advance ratios can also prove the effectiveness of this optimization algorithm.
Topology optimization method for reducing thermal stress in the power drive module of the actuator system
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Tang Dejia , Wu Xiaofeng , Li Xingyong , Zhang Jilin , Hong Ming
Published: August 2024

Aiming at the actuator system of hypersonic aircraft aero-surfaces control system, the thermoelastic effect behavior of the power drive module under the coupling influence of its own heat consumption and external aerodynamic heat conduction is considered. To reduce the thermal stress of the power drive module caused by the thermoelastic effect, and simultaneously limit the allowable temperature of the power drive module, a topology optimization method for heat sinks under the constraint structure of the power drive module and actuator supports is proposed, and the heat transfer analysis based on thermal storage optimization structure has been implemented. The topology-optimized heat storage includes a slit structure that extends radially along the heat flux line, allowing deformation to suppress thermal stress concentration.
The influence of two different dihedral angles on diffuser performance based on LES
Authors: Suo Yue , Zhou Ling , Zhu Huiling , Ji Lucheng
Published: August 2024

The influence of two different dihedral angles on diffusion capability and flow separation in a diffuser was investigated in this study. Geometric models of straight-walled diffusers with dihedral angles of 90° and 108° were established. The mean and transient flow fields were obtained by using the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The research results show that increasing the dihedral angle enhances the diffusion capability of the diffuser and reduces the volume fraction of the mean separation zones for the diffusers with dihedral angles of 90° and 108°. Besides, hairpin vortexes are observed near the onset of divergent sections of the two diffusers. The findings regarding the effect of dihedral angle on flow separation provide some guidance for corner designing, which can be summarized as increasing dihedral angle reasonably can suppress corner separation and reduce flow losses.
Coordinated active-reactive power optimisation of a distribution system based on a hyper-heuristic algorithm
Authors: Cong MaoJie , Zhao Yixin
Published: August 2024

As an important part of the power system, the effective operation of the distribution system is essential to guarantee the security and stability of the whole power grid, and the coordination and optimisation between active and reactive power positively influence the efficiency and stability of the distribution system. For the problem of voltage failure in the distribution system, an objective function considering network loss and node voltage offset is established. In this paper, the objective function is optimised by regulating the machine-end voltage of the generator, the taps of the on-load regulator transformer, and the reactive power compensation device. This paper applies a hyper-heuristic algorithm to solve the active, reactive power coordination optimisation problem. Thompson sampling is used as a high-level strategy to improve the performance of the algorithm. Gaussian distribution generating random perturbation and Cauchy variation are added to the algorithm to improve the algorithm’s local search ability and avoid falling into local optimum, respectively. Finally, the IEEE-30 example is used for validation. The results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce network losses and improve node voltage levels, which is suitable for solving such optimisation problems.
Film forming amine maintenance effect on steam generator feed water pipe of PWR nuclear power plant
Authors: Canshuai Liu , Guocai Xi , Di Wu , Fuzhi Zhou , Yun Sun
Published: August 2024

Octadecylamine was investigated focusing on the inner wall of steam generator feed water pipe of PWR nuclear power plant. The maintenance process and adsorption mechanism of octadecylamine on A515-60 carbon steel were examined using material interface characterization methods. High-temperature and high-pressure de oxidation electrochemical test circuit was constructed to simulate the service environment of SG feed pipe inner wall carbon steel. Various analytical techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Partial Discharge (PD), contact angle measurements, and corrosion weight loss analysis were employed to characterize the surface morphology, elemental composition, maintenance effect, and corrosion rate of bare A515-60 carbon steel after film formation in octadecylamine solution. The study delved into the effects of film formation concentration, temperature, time, and dosing method on film formation efficacy. The following key conclusions were drawn: 1) Various concentrations of octadecylamine solution will create a hydrophobic film on the top of A515-60 carbon steel. When the concentration of octadecylamine was below 10mg/L, it might promote localized corrosion of carbon steel; however, when the concentration exceeded 20mg/L, it effectively inhibited carbon steel corrosion, with maintenance effects stabilizing after an 8-hour film formation period. 2) Under the condition of one-time dosing, a concentration of 20mg/L was recommended as optimal for application in the maintenance of carbon steel within the inner wall of SG feed pipes, with an 8-hour film formation period being the most effective. 3) Continuous dosing processes were identified as an essential area for further research.
Enhanced throughput message streaming methods for DAQ systems of physics experiments
Authors: Yang Y. , Cao P. , Wang X. , Liu X. , Wang Y. , Wu Y. , Yuan J.
Published: August 2024

In nuclear and particle experiments, to achieve a real-time
software-based data acquisition (DAQ) system, a message streaming
platform is adopted as a solution for real-time data streaming
transmission, facilitating a decoupled and scalable architecture. As
increasing data rate in recent experiments demands higher and higher
throughput, existing message streaming platforms lack of high
single-node throughput, guarantees of reliability, and sequentiality
for high-throughput transmission applications. This paper introduces
enhanced throughput message streaming methods for DAQ systems, named
DAQMQ. DAQMQ utilizes in-memory storage to store messages during
transmission, offering high throughput performance and configurable
message retention capability. Reliability in high-throughput
transmission is strictly guaranteed by employing a two-phased
acknowledgment mechanism. By fast reorganizing message streams in
real-time, DAQMQ achieves high-throughput non-blocking sequential
transmission. Evaluations conducted on ordinary PCs with 10-Gigabit
network connections show that DAQMQ achieves a stable single-node
throughput of 9.0 Gbit/s even when handling up to 1024
topics. Furthermore, DAQMQ achieves sequential transmission
throughput close to that of non-sequential transmission. Tests with
a broker or consumer breakdown during high-throughput transmission
demonstrate DAQMQ's reliability and asynchronous transmission
ability.
Insight into the nitrogen-vacancy center formation in type-Ib diamond by irradiation and annealing approach
Authors: Liu Taiqiao , Lyu Fanglin , Shao Tian , Zou Diwei , Shen Wei , Guo Yuzheng , Zhong Yuan , Chen Chaoyang , Yi Liangchen , Zhang Zhaofu , Shen Andy H
Published: August 2024

Comprehending the microscopic formation of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in nitrogen-doped diamonds is crucial for enhancing the controllable preparation of NV centers and quantum applications. Irradiation followed by annealing simulations for a type-Ib diamond with a 900 ppm concentration of isolated nitrogen is conducted along different orientations and at different annealing temperatures. In these simulations, molecular dynamics (MD) with smoothly connected potential functions are implemented. MD simulations revealed the dynamic formation process of the NV center, which was subsequently verified by first-principles calculations and experiments. The results indicate that vacancies undergo one or multiple migrations by exchanging sites with neighboring atoms. There are three mechanisms for the formation of NV centers: direct irradiation-induced NV formation, irradiation with further annealing to form NV and vacancy migration (VM) during the annealing process. Furthermore, the results show that both VM and NV center formations are affected by orientations. This study clarifies the formation of NV centers across multiple scales and provides a solid foundation for the targeted preparation of NV centers.
The Role of Nde1 phosphorylation in interkinetic nuclear migration and neural migration during cortical development
Authors: Doobin David J. , Helmer Paige , Carabalona Aurelie , Bertipaglia Chiara , Vallee Richard B.
Published: August 2024

Nde1 is a cytoplasmic dynein regulatory protein with important roles in vertebrate brain development. One noteworthy function is in the nuclear oscillatory behavior in neural progenitor cells, the control and mechanism of which remain poorly understood. Nde1 contains multiple phosphorylation sites for the cell cycle–dependent protein kinase CDK1, though the function of these sites is not well understood. To test their role in brain development, we expressed phosphorylation-state mutant forms of Nde1 in embryonic rat brains using in utero electroporation. We find that Nde1 T215 and T243 phosphomutants block apical interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) and, consequently, mitosis in radial glial progenitor cells. Another Nde1 phosphomutant at T246 also interfered with mitotic entry without affecting INM, suggesting a more direct role for Nde1 T246 in mitotic regulation. We also found that the Nde1 S214F mutation, which is associated with schizophrenia, inhibits Cdk5 phosphorylation at an adjacent residue which causes alterations in neuronal lamination. These results together identify important new roles for Nde1 phosphorylation in neocortical development and disease, and represent the first evidence for Nde1 phosphorylation roles in INM and neuronal lamination.
Anatomy of an Avatar
Authors: Gerrans Philip
Published: August 2024

The self is an avatar, a virtual entity, constructed by the brain to play the game of life. To control the organism the mind manipulates the avatar through the world. The avatar co-ordinates bodily, perceptual, sensorimotor, cognitive, and metacognitive processes in pursuit of the organism’s goals, the most basic of which is homeostatic maintenance. Other processes are layered over basic homeostatic ones which provide the ultimate anchor for cognition. The nature of this layering, the way it is anchored by the avatar, and the consequences for philosophy and cognitive neuropsychiatry are the focus of this book. It uses disorders of self awareness as a case study because they throw the nature of the avatar into sharp relief. When avatar is functioning well we are barely aware of it. Self awareness is a subtle and evanescent component of sensory experience. However when the pattern of neural activation that implements the avatar degrades or disappears, the resulting regulatory failure is manifest in a variety of disorders of self awareness. Cotard delusion (‘I no longer exist’), depersonalization experience, psychedelic experience, and pain asymbolia (‘the pain feels as if it belongs to someone else’) are florid examples. However, it turns out that other disorders such as social anxiety and addiction, which are not obviously pathologies of self awareness, also stem from maladaptive patterns of activity in the circuitry that implements the avatar.
Introduction
Authors: Gerrans Philip
Published: August 2024

The avatar is a solution to the problem of controlling a complex, fragile, precariously integrated set of interacting subsystems, whose nature is opaque to introspection. These subsystems cannot be directly regulated. The avatar serves as a simple, unified regulatory proxy for the complex distributed regulatory system. Feelings of unity, persistence, and ownership of experience arise in the process of basic bodily regulation anchored by the avatar. Daniel Dennett proposed that the self is a ‘centre of narrative gravity’ a linguistic artefact that serves a regulatory role. I propose that feelings of unity and persistence arise at a lower level: interoceptive regulation. Emotional and narrative processes are layered over interoceptive and inherit the properties of the avatar. The elusiveness of the self in introspection, the evanescence of the feeling of mineness, and the lack of a straightforward neural correlate for self awareness are explained by this idea.
Ego dissolution in psychedelic experience
Authors: Gerrans Philip
Published: August 2024

Users of psychedelic drugs often report that their sense of being a self or ‘I’ distinct from the rest of the world has diminished or altogether dissolved in a phenomenon known as ego dissolution (Nour et al., 2016). This is a case of transient disintegration of the self model caused by actions of serotonin 5HT2A agonists. Psychedelic experience provides a window on the nature of self representation and a chance to evaluate different accounts. On one account, the self is modelled in the same way as perceived objects—as an entity to which sensory features are bound. However, self modelling does not use the feature binding solution. This is because of differences between interoception and perception that make feature binding unsuitable as a strategy for interoceptive regulation. Ultimately, dissolution is best thought of not as the unbinding of features, but as loss of a centre of interoceptive gravity.
Depth: A Kantian Account of Reason
Authors: Zinkin Melissa
Published: August 2024

Depth: A Kantian Account of Reason provides a new interpretation of Kant’s view of reason. Unlike recent interpretations, which claim that for Kant reason is valuable because it is the source of moral value, this book argues that Kant considers reason to be the source of a more fundamental and wider ranging value: depth. Although philosophers often use the term “depth” to indicate a kind of value, they rarely make explicit what they mean. This book argues that depth is the value of the cognition that results from the systematic reflection that is the activity of human reason. This value, however, is not just a moral or an epistemic value. Rather, it is best understood as an aesthetic value. An account of Kant’s view of reason as the source of depth has advantages over other accounts because it can solve several interpretative puzzles and can show that, throughout his texts, Kant has a unified view of reason. Moreover, it can reveal the deep connection that Kant saw between our reason and our humanity. An implication of this account is the importance of the deep, rational reflection that is exemplified, and cultivated, by the arts, for other human endeavors, such as science and moral action.
The Law of Nature Formulation
Authors: Zinkin Melissa
Published: August 2024

This is the first chapter in the book’s account of how, in Groundwork II, Kant argues that we systematically think through a maxim of action and deepen our comprehension of why (or why not) we ought to act on it. The Law of Nature formulation of the Categorical Imperative explains to us that if we do not act on a maxim that can be a universal law, then we are a hypocrite. The subjective precondition that makes us receptive to duty here is conscience. For Kant, what conscience judges is not whether or not an action is moral. Conscience does not make a determinative judgment. Rather it is the consciousness of our receptivity to duty, which results from reflection on whether or not we have been thorough in thinking through our maxim of action to see whether it can be universalized.
A short history of civil wars, and why civil wars matter
Authors: Toft Monica Duffy
Published: August 2024

Civil wars tend to last for years and display a destructive tendency to both escalate and to expand geographically. This chapter discusses the importance and prevalence of civil wars. It highlights the theories and statistics on where and when civil wars are fought, why civil wars break out, how they are waged, who wins, and when peace fails or lasts. It also introduces a brief history of civil wars and explains why they matter to people in and out of the country at war.
Transnational effects
Authors: Toft Monica Duffy
Published: August 2024

The effects of civil wars are not felt only within the country—the effects spill over international borders, widening the war and spreading instability. What happens in a civil war country, doesn’t stay in the country. Rebel groups operate in relative safe havens across the border, trying to evade government forces back home. Refugees flee outside the country to save their own lives. And conflicts and the movements of militants and displaced persons also assist illicit trade in arms, drugs, and other illegal goods.
Elections: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy , Yoder Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

Elections: A Very Short Introduction focuses on the key concepts surrounding elections that occur in all democracies and nondemocratic regimes. Elections, essentially, determine who will hold public office and who will have the power to govern. Moreover, not all democracies function in the same way, nor do their respective election systems. The VSI then highlights how elections connect citizens to those whom they choose to make decisions on their behalf and who regulate their behavior. It examines a variety of voting and electoral systems before providing an overview of reforms under consideration in a number of countries.
Elections around the world
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy , Yoder Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses elections across the world. Essentially, elections determine who will hold public office and who will have the power to govern. The chapter explains that electoral rules often affect the way an election is conducted and its subsequent results, alongside the ability of citizens to affect policy change through the electoral process. When it comes to accessibility to participation in the politics of the system, societal representation, and models of governance, historical experiences and the preference of system designers often shape electoral rules. The chapter cites that elections function differently in the 89 nations that the V-Dem Institute considers to be liberal or electoral democracies.
Electoral systems
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy , Yoder Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

This chapter focuses on electoral systems. It explains how an electoral system reflects the designers’ self-interest in many ways. The choice of precise rules and features indicates the extent to which designers of electoral systems prioritize the participation of various minority groups in elected offices and wish to see elected bodies reflect the societies that elect them, or if they prefer to continue the power of dominant elements of the polity. The chapter then provides an overview of several key concepts, such as history, plurality systems, proportional representation (PR), and heads of state. The chapter clarifies that there is no best system while citing that electoral systems represent trade-offs between simplicity and accountability.
Voting
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy , Yoder Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

This chapter highlights the importance of voting, which allows citizens to make their judgments on those who govern in a democracy. It explains how democratic countries vary significantly in how their citizens vote, which includes people’s eligibility to vote and their threshold for citizenship. The extent to which a nation’s citizenry turns out to vote measures the health of a democracy. Meanwhile, much of the controversy over voting in the 2020s concerns the administration of elections, especially how policies and policymakers can affect turnout. The chapter notes that voting is an act that requires the citizen to make some level of effort.
Administering elections
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy , Yoder Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

This chapter examines the administration of elections. Electoral administration involves regulating the most political of activities; however, in some nations, consequential decisions concerning the administration of the most political of acts has been taken out of politics and made by appointed experts. The chapter details the notion of an electoral district, which is represented in the legislature by a seat in a single-member district or by some number of seats in a multimember district. It then elaborates on the process of elections, including the legal requirements for candidacy, political parties, political consulting, and counting votes. The electoral process differs greatly from one modern democracy to another.
Why electoral systems matter
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy , Yoder Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

This chapter tackles the significance of electoral systems. Electoral systems are shaped by incentives, which are influenced largely by their architects, as they usually prioritize one set of objectives over another. When electoral systems were designed in many older democracies, the public’s support was not necessarily a factor, since the designers likely aimed to protect their status and perpetuate the status quo. However, elections and electoral rules can influence whether people believe they are fairly represented by their elected officials. The chapter considers the outcomes and impact of electoral systems, such as government strength, representation, political parties’ ability to gain seats in legislatures, and the incentives and behavior of voters.
Reforming electoral systems: values and priorities
Authors: Maisel L. Sandy , Yoder Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

This chapter details efforts to reform electoral systems. Finding solutions to some problems with how elections operate throughout the world is an ongoing problem of adaptation to how citizens live and learn. In some cases, countries have adopted laws to respond to changes in political communication, while some have restricted political TV advertising. There is no one-size-fits-all formula for how elections should be run, especially when history, culture, demography, and context matter. Moreover, democratic elections reflect certain core values, such as fairness, openness, transparency, and representativeness. The chapter mentions that social media has transformed how candidates and campaigns communicate with their followers and recruit new adherents.
Afterlives
Authors: Clark Heather
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses the legacy of Sylvia Plath. Plath’s reputation and popularity survived controversies and only grew steadily years after her passing. Al Alvarez brought to light Plath’s death and brilliant career, shaping her early reception and initiating the myth of Plath as an oracular priestess. Ted Hughes inherited Plath’s literary estate, which meant he controlled her work and literary legacy, so that he felt the obligation to promote Plath’s work in an effort to secure her legacy while providing a financial cushion for her children. The chapter describes how Plath blurred the borders between her life and her work in innovative ways that complicate her biographers’ task. It notes that the women’s movement began to embrace Plath during the 1970s.
Use of dual intraventricular vasodilators for refractory cerebral vasospasm in a pediatric patient with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Javellana Marion , Asbury William H , Kandiah Prem , Pimentel Cederic , Kinariwala Jay P , Howard Brian M , Francois Yvonne , Cawley C Michael , Samuels Owen B
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a rare but life-threatening clinical event for pediatric patients. Cerebral vasospasm is a common complication of SAH that often leads to poor outcomes. This case report describes the use of dual intraventricular (IVT) vasodilators in a pediatric patient.

An 11-year-old male presented with traumatic diffuse SAH and cerebral vasospasm. Despite treatment with IVT nicardipine, intravenous (IV) milrinone by continuous infusion, enteral nimodipine, and intraarterial verapamil and milrinone given during digital subtraction angiography, transcranial Doppler (TCD) mean velocities continued to rise. IVT milrinone was then added to IVT nicardipine and IV milrinone. The combination of IVT nicardipine, IV milrinone, and rescue therapy with IVT milrinone was continued for a total of 7 days. TCD mean velocities decreased into the mild to moderate range within 2 days of the patient receiving this combined regimen and remained globally low thereafter.

Conclusion

This case illustrates the potential benefit of using dual IVT vasodilators to improve outcomes for pediatric patients with refractory cerebral vasospasm.