bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) —Part 1: Usia subgenus Micrusia, U. versicolor (Fabricius) (= black-haired species) and Usia martini François
Authors: GIBBS DAVID
Published: February 2019

This first part of a world revision of the Usia Latreille and Parageron Paramonov, tribe Usiini Becker, covers the aberrant species Usia martini François, which is placed in its own species group, and all of the black-haired species. The subgenus Micrusia Evenhuis is redefined and Usia versicolor (Fabricius) and Usia martini François are placed in their own species groups. The 20 species in Micrusia are considered to be monophyletic despite many of them exhibiting strong divergence that obscures their affiliations. Of the 10 formerly available names that belong in the subgenus Micrusia, U. hyalipennis Macquart stat. rev., hitherto synonymised under U. versicolor, is reinstated as a full species while U. pallescens Becker syn. nov., is newly synonymised under U. ignorata Becker. Both sexes of all previously named species are redescribed, for U. carmelitensis Becker, U. hyalipennis, U. martini and U. syriaca Paramonov the male is described for the first time. Twelve new species are described, U. biconvexa sp. nov., U. crispa sp. nov., U. cryptocrispa sp. nov., U. dahli sp. nov., U. dilsi sp. nov., U. echinus sp. nov., U. falcata sp. nov., U. globicauda sp. nov., U. paracrispa sp. nov., U. susanae sp. nov., U. theodori sp. nov. and U. turaco sp. nov. more than doubling the total in Micrusia. Both the male and female genitalia of all 22 species treated in this part are illustrated in detail.
Solved after 140 years: the identity of the millipede Polydesmus cavicola Packard, 1877, and proposal of Packardesmus n. gen. (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Macrosternodesmidae)
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A. , SHELLEY ROWLAND M.
Published: February 2019

The identity of Polyesmus cavicola Packard, 1877, described from a cave in Utah, is clarified through examination of a female lectotype and a newly collected adult male. The species is placed in the family Macrosternodesmidae and is designated as the type species of Packardesmus, n. gen.
Bledius hyalinus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae), of the forcipatus group, first recorded from coastal Brazil
Authors: BORTOLUZZI SIDNEI , CARON EDILSON
Published: February 2019

A new species group, forcipatus of Bledius, is reported from Coastal Brazil, extending its geographical range and increasing to seven the number of species. A new species, Bledius hyalinus Bortoluzzi & Caron is described, and the key to identification of Brazilian coastal Bledius is updated.
New Dicerurini from Europe, mostly Sweden (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Porricondylinae)
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS , JASCHHOF CATRIN
Published: February 2019

The taxonomy of several genera of the tribe Dicerurini (subfamily Porricondylinae) is revisited, induced by the discovery of 11 new species in Malaise catches of various provenances. The bulk of the specimens interpreted here is of Swedish origin. Species described as new to science are Desertepidosis grytsjoenensis sp. nov. (from Sweden), D. robusta sp. nov. (Sweden), Linnaeomyia pratensis sp. nov. (Czech Republic), Neurepidosis ekdalensis sp. nov. (Sweden), N. emarginata sp. nov. (Sweden, Czech Republic), N. hybrida sp. nov. (Sweden), Tetraneuromyia brevipalpis sp. nov. (Sweden, Slovak Republic), T. discrepans sp. nov. (Sweden), T. errata sp. nov. (Sweden), and T. lapponica sp. nov. (Sweden). A new genus, Gardenforsia gen. nov., is introduced for G. oelandica sp. nov. (Sweden), a new species with regressive male morphology. The generic definitions of Desertepidosis Mamaev & Soyunov, 1989 (including Ubinomyia Mamaev, 1990 syn. nov. as new junior synonym) and Linnaeomyia Jaschhof & Jaschhof, 2015 are revised. A key to males of Desertepidosis is presented. New information on the morphology and geographic distribution is provided for Linnaeomyia hortensis Jaschhof & Jaschhof, 2015; Tetraneuromyia bulbifera Mamaev, 1964; and T. lamellata Spungis, 1987.
A new species of Aspidura Wagler, 1830 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) from Knuckles, World Heritage Site, Sri Lanka
Authors: WICKRAMASINGHE L. J. MENDIS , BANDARA IMESH NUWAN , VIDANAPATHIRANA DULAN RANGA , WICKRAMASINGHE NETHU
Published: February 2019

We describe a new species, Aspidura desilvai sp. nov., closely resembling A. trachyprocta and the last addition to the genus A. ravanai, from Knuckles massif, Matale District, of Sri Lanka. The species represents the ninth species of the genus known from Sri Lanka, and is readily distinguished from all other congeners by its colour pattern, the scale nature in the ischiadic region, and morphometric characteristics specially from its ratio between the snout to eye distance to its eye width. The species is currently known only from the type locality.
Displacement and asset transformation from inner-city squatter settlement into peripheral mass housing
Authors: Borsuk Imren , Eroglu Ensari
Published: February 2019

While slum clearance projects in the Global South have displaced a large number of urban poor from the inner city to peripheral areas, peripheral mass housing estates have been developed as a spatial fix to improve the livelihood of the urban poor through slum development projects. Shifting the focus of displacement and poverty studies on changing assets and social experiences of displacement, this study makes an empirical contribution to the literature with a case study from Turkey. It demonstrates that mass housing projects that increase the importance of market-based processes and financial assets at the expense of intangible assets (household relations and social capital) make the urban poor more vulnerable to displacement pressure and external shocks. Using the example of a mass housing project in Turkey designed for the relocation of a highly concentrated Kurdish migrant squatter settlement, this research demonstrates that slum development projects can cause different types of displacement, divesting residents of opportunities to accumulate assets and reconstruct a sense of place. The research demonstrates that the dissolution of intangible assets and the exclusion of social spaces that are important to relocated residents in the mass housing estate bring about community displacement in the case of Kurdish residents. Also, relocated squatters feel pressured by the ongoing and daily experiences of displacement—notably everyday, symbolic and temporal displacement—as the spatial design of the mass housing unfamiliar with the livelihood of squatter dwellers constrains their opportunities to appropriate neighbourhood space in everyday life and enact a sense of place.
Optimization of blasting parameters for an underground mine through prediction of blasting vibration
Authors: Xu Shida , Li Yuanhui , Liu Jianpo , Zhang Fengpeng
Published: February 2019

Drilling and blasting remains the primary method of rock fragmentation in metal mining. However, blasting vibration can adversely affect the stability of the rock. Therefore, prediction of blasting vibration is essential in the mining industry. This paper proposes a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) model to predict blasting vibration. Here, PCA was used to simplify the inputs of the SVM. Relative location of the monitoring point to blasting source, total charge, maximum charge per delay, number of delays, burden, spacing, height, and horizontal distance were used as inputs of the combination model (PCA-SVM), while peak particle velocity was set as output. The PCA-SVM model was successfully employed to adjust blasting parameters of the No. 21 stope in Hongtoushan Copper Mine. Two blasting data sets were used to compare the capability of the PCA-SVM model with conventional predictors. The results prove the superiority of the PCA-SVM model in estimating blasting vibration.
Using Genetic Burden Scores for Gene-by-Methylation Interaction Analysis on Metabolic Syndrome in African Americans
Authors: Taylor Jacquelyn Y. , Ware Erin B. , Wright Michelle L. , Smith Jennifer A. , Kardia Sharon L. R.
Published: February 2019

With the rapid advancement of omics-based research, particularly big data such as genome- and epigenome-wide association studies that include extensive environmental and clinical variables, data analytics have become increasingly complex. Researchers face significant challenges regarding how to analyze multifactorial data and make use of the findings for clinical translation. The purpose of this article is to provide a scientific exemplar for use of genetic burden scores as a data analysis method for studies with both genotype and DNA methylation data in which the goal is to evaluate associations with chronic conditions such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study included 739 African American men and women from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy Study who met diagnostic criteria for MetS and had available genetic and epigenetic data. Genetic burden scores for evaluated genes were not significant after multiple testing corrections, but DNA methylation at 2 CpG sites (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase cg22381196 pFDR = .014; CTNNA3 cg00132141 pFDR = .043) was significantly associated with MetS after controlling for multiple comparisons. Interactions between the marginally significant CpG sites and burden scores, however, were not significant. More work is required in this area to identify intermediate biological pathways influenced by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic variation that may explain the high prevalence of MetS among African Americans. This study does serve, however, as an example of the use of the genetic burden score as an alternative data analysis approach for complex studies involving the analysis of genetic and epigenetic data simultaneously.
Identification of an HNF1A p.Gly292fs Frameshift Mutation Presenting as Diabetes During Pregnancy in a Maltese Family
Authors: Pace Nikolai Paul , Rizzo Christopher , Abela Alexia , Gruppetta Mark , Fava Stephen , Felice Alex , Vassallo Josanne
Published: February 2019

The diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a challenging process in view of the extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity of the disease. Mutations in the gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α ( HNF1A) are responsible for most forms of monogenic diabetes in Northern European populations. Genetic analysis through a combination of whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing in three Maltese siblings and their father identified a rare duplication/frameshift mutation in exon 4 of HNF1A that lies within a known mutational hotspot in this gene. In this report, we provide the first description of an HNF1A-MODY3 phenotype in a Maltese family. The findings reported are relevant and new to a regional population, where the epidemiology of atypical diabetes has never been studied before. This report is of clinical interest as it highlights how monogenic diabetes can be misdiagnosed as either type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes. It also reinforces the need for a better characterisation of monogenic diabetes in Mediterranean countries, particularly in island populations such as Malta with a high prevalence of diabetes.
Immune cytopenia post–cord transplant in Hurler syndrome is a forme fruste of graft rejection
Authors: Deambrosis David , Lum Su Han , Hum Ryan M. , Poulton Kay , Ogden Wendy , Jones Simon , Stanworth Simon , Bonney Denise , Hiwarkar Prashant , Wynn Robert F.
Published: February 2019

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is the preferred donor cell source for children with Hurler syndrome undergoing transplant, and its use has been associated with improved “engrafted survival” rates. However, as in other pediatric recipients of UCB transplants for nonmalignant disease, immune-mediated cytopenia (IMC) is a significant complication. This article describes 8 episodes of IMC in 36 patients with Hurler syndrome undergoing UCB transplant. The incidence of IMC was increased in those with a higher preconditioning absolute lymphocyte count and in those conditioned with fludarabine-containing regimens rather than cyclophosphamide, and it included red cell alloantibodies directed at cord blood group antigens that are novel to the recipient. In several cases, IMC was a precursor to immune-mediated complete graft rejection. We describe IMC as part of a spectrum of graft rejection by a residual competent host immune system and a forme fruste of complete graft rejection.
Using Twitter to assess attitudes to schizophrenia and psychosis
Authors: Passerello Giorgianna L. , Hazelwood James E. , Lawrie Stephen
Published: February 2019

Aims and method

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that is stereotypically stigmatised as untreatable and associated with violence. Several authorities have suggested that changing the name, for example to psychosis, would reduce such stigmatisation. We aimed to compare attitudes to schizophrenia and psychosis on Twitter to see if psychosis was associated with less negative attitudes. Tweets containing the terms ‘schizophrenia’, ‘schizophrenic’, ‘psychosis’ or ‘psychotic’ were collected on www.twitter.com and were captured with NCapture. On NVivo, tweets were coded into categories based on user type, tweet content, attitude and stigma type by two independent raters. We compared the content and attitudes of tweets referring to schizophrenia/schizophrenic and psychosis/psychotic.

Results

A total of 1120 tweets referring to schizophrenia/schizophrenic and 1080 referring to psychosis/psychotic were identified over two 7-day periods; 424 original tweets for schizophrenia and 416 original tweets for psychosis were included in the analysis. Psychosis was significantly more commonly included in tweets expressing negative attitudes (n=131, 31.5%) than schizophrenia (n=41, 9.7%) (χ² = 237.03, P < 0.0001). Of the personal opinions or dyadic interactions, 125 (53.4%) in the psychosis data set were stigmatising, compared with 33 (24.6%) of those in the schizophrenia set (χ² = 44.65, P < 0.0001).

Clinical implications

The terms psychosis/psychotic are associated with a significantly higher number of tweets with negative content than schizophrenia/schizophrenic. Together with other evidence, this suggests that changing the name of schizophrenia to psychosis will not reduce negative attitudes toward the condition.

Declaration of interest

S.L. has received personal fees from Otsuka and Sunovion, and personal and research fees from Janssen.
2.5 years on: what are the effects of a ‘frequent attenders’ service in the Emergency Department?
Authors: Sousa Soraia , Hilder Tracey , Burdess Christopher , Bolton Philippa
Published: February 2019

This study focused on an evaluation over 2.5 years to establish if a frequent attenders' service in an Emergency Department (ED) impacted on the overall number of patients attending as well as the numbers of their attendances. For this, three patient lists from April-September 2015 and three lists from a matched period in 2017 were randomly selected and the two samples compared. Results showed both a reduction in the number of total patients identified as frequent attenders as well as a reduction on the number of attendances to ED. The study suggests that the implementation of a frequent attenders' service is associated with benefits, not only for the individual attendances per patient, but also in an overall reduction of the number patients classed as frequent attenders.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare regarding this manuscript.
Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Adolescence Associates With BMI, Inflammation, and Risk Score for Middle Age Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Huang Rae-Chi , Lillycrop Karen A , Beilin Lawrence J , Godfrey Keith M , Anderson Denise , Mori Trevor A , Rauschert Sebastian , Craig Jeffrey M , Oddy Wendy H , Ayonrinde Oyekoya T , Pennell Craig E , Holbrook Joanna D , Melton Phillip E
Published: February 2019

Context

“Accelerated aging,” assessed by adult DNA methylation, predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adolescent accelerated aging might predict CVD earlier. We investigated whether epigenetic age acceleration (assessed age, 17 years) was associated with adiposity/CVD risk measured (ages 17, 20, and 22 years) and projected CVD by middle age.

Design

DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood provided two estimates of epigenetic age acceleration: intrinsic (IEAA; preserved across cell types) and extrinsic (EEAA; dependent on cell admixture and methylation levels within each cell type). Adiposity was assessed by anthropometry, ultrasound, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (ages 17, 20, and 22 years). CVD risk factors [lipids, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, inflammatory markers] were assessed at age 17 years. CVD development by age 47 years was calculated by Framingham algorithms. Results are presented as regression coefficients per 5-year epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA/EEAA) for adiposity, CVD risk factors, and CVD development.

Results

In 995 participants (49.6% female; age, 17.3 ± 0.6 years), EEAA (per 5 years) was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) of 2.4% (95% CI, 1.2% to 3.6%) and 2.4% (0.8% to 3.9%) at 17 and 22 years, respectively. EEAA was associated with increases of 23% (3% to 33%) in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 10% (4% to 17%) in interferon-γ–inducible protein of 10 kDa, and 4% (2% to 6%) in soluble TNF receptor 2, adjusted for BMI and HOMA-IR. EEAA (per 5 years) results in a 4% increase in hard endpoints of CVD by 47 years of age and a 3% increase, after adjustment for conventional risk factors.

Conclusions

Accelerated epigenetic age in adolescence was associated with inflammation, BMI measured 5 years later, and probability of middle age CVD. Irrespective of whether this is cause or effect, assessing epigenetic age might refine disease prediction.
Politics and palliative care: Namibia
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: February 2019

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
Advancing the science of outcome measurement in paediatric palliative care
Authors: Harding Richard , Chambers Lizzie , Bluebond-Langner Myra
Published: February 2019

Background:

There is a lack of appropriate, validated person-centred outcome measures (PCOM) for paediatric palliative care in the scientific literature, and as a result there is not a tool to drive and evaluate care of children and young people.

Methods:

In line with COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidance, an expert group was convened to elicit views on the domains/items to include in a PCOM, implementation challenges and requirements for use in routine care by practitioners. Data were content analysed.

Results:

36 UK-wide clinicians, advocates, and researchers participated. 1) Items included were: specific symptoms, education, play and social interaction, parental time for partner and other children, sex and intimacy, and sibling wellbeing. 2) Implementation challenges: supporting children and young people to engage meaningfully, that the instrument could be seen as a ‘test’ of parents' care quality, raising unrealistic expectations, proxy validity. 3) There is a need for clear administration and interpretation guidance and for data ownership/access to be agreed.

Conclusions:

This expert meeting addressed the initial step in COSMIN guidance, informing face validity and acceptability. It provides the information necessary for the first phase of tool development and informs potential use and implementation.
Time to talk?
Authors: Stobbs Nicola
Published: February 2019

Supporting the learning of introverted children means first getting to know them and being sensitive to their needs, explains Nicola Stobbs
Supporting… Hamza
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: February 2019

With little language skills and problems socialising and taking part in activities, Hamza required dedicated and ongoing help from his nursery, finds Annette Rawstrone
Rotator cable and rotator interval: anatomy, biomechanics and clinical importance
Authors: Huri Gazi , Kaymakoglu Mehmet , Garbis Nickolas
Published: February 2019

The rotator cable and rotator interval are among the most recent topics of interest in current shoulder literature. Most of the research has been published in the last two decades and our understanding about the importance of these anatomical structures has improved with biomechanical studies, which changed the pre- and intra-operative approaches of shoulder surgeons to rotator cuff tears in symptomatic patients. The rotator cable is a thick fibrous bundle that carries the applied forces to the rotator cuff like a ‘suspension bridge’. Tears including this weight-bearing bridge result in more symptoms. On the other hand, the rotator interval is more like a protective cover consisting of multiple layers of ligaments and the capsule rather than a single anatomical formation like the rotator cable. Advances in our knowledge about the rotator interval demonstrate that even basic anatomical structures often have greater importance than we may have understood. Misdiagnosis of these two important structures may lead to persistent symptoms. Furthermore, some distinct rotator cuff tear patterns can be associated with concomitant rotator interval injuries because of the anatomical proximity of these two anatomical regions. We summarize these two important structures from the aspect of anatomy, biomechanics, radiology and clinical importance in a review of the literature.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:56-62. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.170071.
Comparison of revision rates and radiographic observations of long and short, uncoated and coated humeral stem designs in total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Godenèche Arnaud , Garret Jérôme , Barth Johannes , Michelet Aude , Geais Laurent ,   Shoulder Friends Institute
Published: February 2019

There is no consensus on outcomes of long versus short and uncoated versus coated uncemented stems in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). We reviewed the literature to compare revision rates and adverse radiographic observations at ⩾ 2 years of various uncemented humeral stem designs. We performed an electronic PubMed search for studies on uncemented primary TSA that reported one or more of the following observations at ⩾ 2 years for distinct stem designs: stem revision; subsidence; stress shielding; radiolucent lines; and humeral loosening. The search returned 258 records, from which 20 articles (22 cohorts) met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently reported designs were short uncoated stems (7/13 cohorts) at < 3 years and long uncoated stems (8/9 cohorts) at > 3 years. The incidences of revisions and adverse radiographic observations were lower for short coated designs, compared with short and long uncoated designs, but these findings should be confirmed by prospective studies with a longer follow-up.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:70-76. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180046.
Extreme child poverty and the role of social policy in the United States
Authors: Parolin Zachary , Brady David
Published: February 2019

This paper applies improved household income data to reevaluate the levels, trends, composition, and role of social policy in extreme child poverty in the US from 1997 to 2015. We adjust for benefit underreporting and incorporate the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP). This reduces the share of children below $2 per day from 1.8 per cent to 0.1 per cent in 2015. However, survey data omits the 1.3 million homeless children. Unlike prior literature's focus on single motherhood, citizenship status is more consequential to extreme poverty. We also demonstrate that increases in SNAP generosity and take-up enabled declines in three measures of extreme child poverty
New data on the distribution of fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae) in Tyva Republic (Russia, Siberia)
Authors: Donchak Sh. V. , Subbotina E. Yu. , Maximova Yu. V.
Published: February 2019

An annotated list is given and the distribution of 13 species of fungus gnats of the families Bolitophilidae and Keroplatidae, collected from Tuva in Eastern Siberia, is provided. As a result of our study, 11 species were added to the list of fungus gnats of Tuva
Ameliorative effect of probiotics (Lactobacillus paracaseii and Protexin®) and prebiotics (propolis and bee pollen) on clindamycin and propionic acid-induced oxidative stress and altered gut microbiota in a rodent model of autism
Authors: Aabed Kawther , Shafi Bhat Ramesa , Moubayed Nadine , Al-Mutiri Manar , Al-Marshoud Majda , Al-Qahtani Alaa , Ansary Afaf
Published: February 2019

Colonization by toxin-producing bacteria in the gut plays a major role in bowel problems in autistic patients. Prebiotics can inhibit the growth of these pathogenic microbes by nourishing beneficial bacteria, while probiotics--live microorganisms--can balance the gut bacteria; thus, both together can maintain healthy bacteria in the gut. The present study was conducted to find the effect of probiotics and prebiotics in balancing the gut flora in a rodent model of autism linked with a clindamycin-induced altered gut. The effects of probiotics and prebiotics on oxidative stress markers in the brain were also evaluated. Eight groups of hamsters were assigned, with Group I serving as the control; Group II, as the autistic model, was treated with 250 mg propionic acid/kg BW/day for 3 days; Group III was treated with clindamycin 30 mg/kg BW for 3 days; Groups IV and V were treated with bee pollen and propolis (supposed prebiotics) at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW/day for 28 days; Group VI and Group VII were treated with Lactobacillus paracaseii and Protexin® (supposed probiotics) for 28 days; and finally, Group VIII was anorectally transplanted with stool from normal animals for 5 days. Remarkable changes were measured in oxidative stress markers, primarily glutathione and vitamin C, in the brains of hamsters in the propionic acid- and clindamycin-treated group. All probiotic/prebiotic treatments showed ameliorative effects; however, lactobacillus had the strongest effect. We conclude that pro-and prebiotic supplements may be effective to revive healthy digestive system function in autistic patients. The disappointing results of the fecal transplants suggest that further study is needed to develop an appropriate technique.
Astaxanthin suppresses cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation through induction of heme oxygenase-1
Authors: Nian Liu , Weidong Zhang , Shujuan Luo , Jun Cao , Minlian Peng , Zhiguang Liu
Published: February 2019

The present study was carried out to evolve an effective treatment strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Astaxanthin (AS) is abundantly present in red pigments of crustaceans, and has also been proven to have considerable biological activities. The anti-inflammatory effect of AS was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed RAW264.7 macrophages. It was found that AS markedly inhibited elevation of NO and pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, it downregulated iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased ROS levels in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and LPS. These results imply that AS has therapeutic and prophylactic potential in the airway inflammatory response associated with COPD.
Effect of physicochemical parameters on zooplankton at a freshwater body of Euphrates Basin (ElazÄ±g-Turkey)
Authors: Bulut Hilal , Saler Serap
Published: February 2019

In this study zooplankton was determined between June 2015-May 2016 in Keban Reservoir. Also some chemical and physical parameters as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and Chlorophyll a were measured in situ, monthly. Total of 40 zooplankton species; 27 Rotifera, 11 Cladocera, 2 Copepoda species were identified in this study. The data of this study were evaluated number of individuals, species richness and species diversity. Maximum, minimum, SD and mean values of water quality parameters were calculated. As a result of Shannon Wiener index analysis of current study, species diversity was found highest in January (H'=2.03) and the least index value was found in May (H'=0.46). Margalef index value recorded in its highest value in January (D=1.07) in the 2nd station and the lowest value in February (D=0.11) in the 1st station.
Pharmacokinetics and residues elimination of diclofenac sodium administration in pigs by a new HPLC/MS method
Authors: Li Yongjun , Yang Haifeng , Wang Yaqin , Bu Shijin
Published: February 2019

Diclofenac sodium (DS) was the third generation non-steroidal drugs with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Owing to taking action faster, long lasting potency, good efficacy and low side effects, DS was widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. To further ensure animal food safety and consumer health, the rational usages regulations of DS and DS withdrawal time should be provided. In the present study, a new high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method was first established for extracting and validating diclofenac sodium levels in edible porcine tissues. Meanwhile, the pharmacokinetics characteristics and residue elimination of intramuscular DS administration in pigs were also studied. We found DS eliminated quickly and the distribution was poor in vivo. After a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight per day for continuous 3 days, the withdrawal time in the tissues of liver, kidney, sebum, muscle and administration site were 9.892 days, 5.116 days, 14.205 days, 5.444 days and 8.818 days, respectively. According to the double-sided 95% confidence interval, DS withdrawal period should be 15 days. These experiment evidences lay a good foundation on the rational usages regulations of DS and DS withdrawal time, which will be helpful for the animal food safety and consumer health.
Sympozjum naukowe Polskie reformy oświatowe w nurcie europejskich przemian politycznych, społecznych i kulturowych
Authors: Król Joanna , Magiera Elżbieta
Published: February 2019

Sympozjum naukowe Polskie reformy oświatowe w nurcie europejskich przemian politycznych, społecznych i kulturowych
Kierunki działalności sportowo-oświatowej i kulturalnej Łódzkiego Klubu Sportowego w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Kędzia Piotr
Published: February 2019

The operations of the Łódź Sports Club in the interwar period are an important part of the history of sport in the city of Łódź, as well as Poland. The Club’s prestige and successes should be chiefly attributed to the athletes’ and the coaches’ commitment, coupled with the activists’ organisational skills. A historical analysis of the Club’s operations indicates that, in addition to training athletes in various disciplines, the establishment was also involved in a wide range of impressive cultural and educational activities. These centred on organising reading rooms, talks, lectures, social meetings and trips as well as promoting patriotic values and the idea of fair play. Hence, the Club’s educational work was channelled into axiological models of sports competition on the one hand, and into propagating education and culture on the other.
Instytucjonalny i organizacyjny rozwój średnich szkół ogólnokształcących w województwie gdańskim po II wojnie światowej (1945–1948)
Authors: Gorloff Elżbieta
Published: February 2019

After World War II, high schools in the Gdansk region had to be built virtually from scratch. However, it is evident there were some major differences between the new and old districts, where the schools’ tasks went beyond teaching. Their role was to integrate local communities and give them a sense of stability. The former secondary school districts began their activities on the basis of pre-war organisational structures, and were established very quickly, almost immediately after the war ended. However, the network of grammar schools in new counties formed much more slowly, although in the 1945/46 school year there was already a secondary school in each county town. The intensity of the development of secondary schools can be shown in numbers. In the 1944/1945 school year, 14 secondary schools were established, and a year later there were already 28. With the development of institutional schools, their organisational development followed. Within a year, the number of students nearly trebled. Quickly, though not as strongly, there was an increase in the number of teachers. The major breakthrough for these institutions was 1948, in which, by decision of the school and party authorities, Poland experienced the reorganisation of general school education.
Addressing the Needs of Lawyers in Legal English: A Comparative Study in Four European Union Countries
Authors: Sierocka Halina , Chovancová Barbora , Kordić Ljubica
Published: February 2019

The paper reports on a survey into the linguistic needs of law professionals in four European countries, with the aim of identifying their views on the importance and their use of foreign language skills as well as their preferences for ELP course content. The data, obtained from a questionnaire survey of 536 legal professionals from Poland, the Czech Republic, Croatia and Germany, show that while the respondents agree on many of the major points, there are also some differences conditioned by the respondents’ age and the specific tasks they perform in the legal profession. The article argues that these variables have to be taken into consideration in the LSP context because they determine some of the specific needs that need to be addressed in Legal English instruction. It is suggested that the findings about the lawyers’ self-perceived importance and preferred styles of learning are highly relevant for LSP practitioners, particularly when designing Legal English programmes and testing materials.
Capitalising on Polish Translation Market Data in the Field of Commercial Law
Authors: Więcławska Edyta
Published: February 2019

The author presents data gathered in an online survey questionnaire (https://www.interankiety.pl/i/RGmj5rDv) which is a part of a broader research project related to the quality of translation of English language documents in the field of commercial law that are processed in the judicial registration proceedings in reference to the entities subject to registration at the Register of Entrepreneurs of the National Court Register (RP, KRS). The questions and hypotheses posed by the author relate to the relationship or comparison of nation-wide data concerning cases with foreign element in the context of the documents in translation on file in the National Court Register (source texts and their certified translations).

The survey is the first stage of this project and has been ascribed a number of aims: allowing for a definition of the genre profile of the corpus texts; identifying the general sociologically conditioned tendencies in their structure; and – primarily – determining the practically feasible search criterion for compiling a design corpus for further quantitative and qualitative analysis of selected language structures (the ensuing stages of the said project).
Plain-Language Approach in Legislative Drafting: A Perspective from Poland
Authors: Zych Natalia
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this research is to explore plain-language postulates reflecting on legal drafting assumptions since legal acts should be precise, clear and express with no doubts the intention of the legislator. The aim of this project is to commence discussion about improving the clarity of Polish consumer law based on selected plain-language techniques. This article agrees that the aspiration to make the law comprehensible for all subjects is an idealistic postulate. Ultimately, despite this, legislators’ obligation is to make an effort to increase the intelligibility of legislation wherever it is possible.
Towards Comprehensibility in the Translation of German and Polish Court Names
Authors: Bielawski Paweł
Published: February 2019

The focus of this paper is centered on the translation of German and Polish court names. Based on a thorough analysis of the translation terms used in legal literature and dictionaries, the author concludes that the court names are often being translated in a way that makes it impossible for the reader to correctly identify the institution in question, thus undermining the comprehensibility of the target texts significantly.

Pointing to the differences between the court systems of Germany and Poland, the author contemplates whether the dissimilarities between two institutions from different legal systems need always to be marked in the translation. On the basis of the comparative law theory, the meaning features essential for both legal communication and legal translation are identified and presented.

In the next part, the author examines how to translate the court names so that the institution at issue is instantly recognizable in the target text. As a result, three comprehensive translation techniques are proposed.

The presented translation techniques shall contribute to improving the comprehensibility of legal texts, and constitute an alternative to the descriptive translation of these institutions.
Evaluation of Statutory Provisions Relating to the Profession of Sworn Translator in Poland. An Attempt at Summing-Up
Authors: Kubacki Artur Dariusz
Published: February 2019

The paper focuses on an evaluation of statutory provisions relating to the profession of sworn translator in Poland. The Act on the Profession of Sworn Translator and its associated statutory instruments have been in force since 27 January 2005. After more than 13 years of operation of this legal framework, it is worth summing up whether the legal solutions put forward by the Polish legislature make it easier to practice the profession of sworn translator. The author discusses, inter alia, the recommendations of the Panel for Review and Assessment of Operation of the Act on the Profession of Sworn Translator, formed on 21 July 2015 by the Minister of Justice, and the legislative changes proposed by translation experts in order to improve the status and financial situation of sworn translators. Moreover, he suggests several solutions which – in his opinion based on many years’ experience as a practising sworn translator and a certified translation theoretician – would greatly facilitate the work of sworn translators and would raise its quality.
Translation of Names of Polish Higher Schools and the Rule of Diligent Preparation of Translations and Faithfulness of a Sworn Translation
Authors: Łomzik Magdalena
Published: February 2019

Statutory obligation of a sworn translator to exercise special diligence obliges him to perform a diligent and faithful translation, including the names of institutions. In the process of translating names of Polish colleges, a translator may use German equivalents, which have been made available in a publicly available German database ANABIN, which contains information that make it easier for offices and schools to decide in terms of recognizing educational qualifications. However, translation and thus, choice of wording is the responsibility of the translator exclusively. He must therefore approach the suggested equivalents critically; thereby, he may not automatically accept propositions without having verified them prior. The article undertakes to establish which of the proposed equivalents of names of Polish colleges violate the rule of diligent preparation of translations and faithfulness of a sworn translation as well as the consequences of incorrect translations of university names.
Isharyō as a Way to Compensation for Moral Injury in Case of Divorce in Japan
Authors: Łukasiewicz Rafał
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this article is to present a compensation for moral injury connected with conjugal infidelity in Japanese Law (isharyō). The compensation for moral injury, which is sentenced because of a divorce could be divided into a compensation for mental disorder and a compensation for deprivation of the status in the society. To analyze this issue it is necessary to discuss context of Japanese culture and society. Furthermore, I present statistics which show factors that have influence on the amount of compensation. Finally, there are remarks on comparative law.
Interpreting in Criminal Cases in Japan: Past, Present, and Future Prospects
Authors: Mizuno Makiko
Published: February 2019

In the extant literature in Japan, the description of criminal cases involving foreigners goes back to around the fifth century; however, detailed depictions of language problems requiring legal interpreters started to appear in the Edo period (1603–1868). The cases of an Italian missionary who entered Japan illegally in 1709 and the robbery of Ainu graves by British consular officers in 1865 presented communication difficulties between the interrogator and accused in criminal procedures. This is common even today. This paper introduces the history of legal interpreting with reference to high profile cases, and reviews changes in communication issues in criminal proceedings involving non-Japanese speaking defendants in modern Japan. It also presents prospects regarding the shift in attitude among legal practitioners toward legal interpreting against the backdrop of recent judicial reforms including the introduction of a lay judge system and visualisation of the investigation process.
Smart Learning Models of Certified Legal Translators and Interpreters in China
Authors: Ming XU
Published: February 2019

Legal translation has played an important part in the contact between different people and countries in the history, and it is playing an even more significant role in the increasingly globalized world nowadays. This study uses case study method and the data analysis tool voyant to explore smart learning models of certified legal translators and interpreters that they are supposed to grasp. Through the analysis of the guiding case No. 75 of The Supreme People’s Court of The People’s Republic of China, the graphs show that the legal translator possesses some good competences, though there are some defects in the translation that fail to exhibit the integration of all the presupposed legal translational competences completely. The results find that the prerequisites about knowledge of comparative laws, legal languages and forensic linguistics are the external framework of smart learning models; and the legal translational language competence, legal translational knowledge structures, legal translational strategic competence and context of situation are the internal model. The whole model is multi-componential, interactive, dynamic and developed.
La Divina Pastora, the Dougla Madonna
Authors: Mc Letchie Alison
Published: February 2019

This article contextualises the adoration of la Divina Pastora (Siparia Mai) in Trinidad with the racially charged politics of the island nation. Using interviews and participant observation, it demonstrates the importance and unique nature of this practice which allows people of many faiths share in the space that is la Divina. This religious, cultural and social space is one of many on the island where diversity is celebrated, unlike the political arena where race-baiting is used to rally the electorate. The article uses various theories of race to analyse why Hindus and Catholic devotees are willing to share access while their political leaders seem unwilling and/or unable to do the same meaningfully. The paper concludes that while no current theory of race sufficiently explains the la Divina experience but that She embodies the national hegemonic ideal which politicians claim they embrace but which they do little to encourage because doing so will undermine their political base.
Mediating the Sacred between Junkanoo and the Church in Contemporary Bahamian Society
Authors: Turner Carlton J.
Published: February 2019

It can be argued that theology in the Caribbean has, until recently, been reticent in engaging cultural studies, and particularly in using African Caribbean religiocultural heritages and art-forms such as carnival, reggae, stickfigting, Obeah and Myal, as examples, as sites for theological reflection. Undergirding this reticence is a colonially inherited belief in a dichotomy between the sacred and the secular; between the church and culture; and consequently, between theology and the social sciences. This paper argues that despite popular mis-conceptions, Junkanoo, a mainly Anglophone Caribbean street festival fundamental to Bahamian identity, has always functioned as a new and liberative way of doing theology in that context. Its complex relationship with the church deeply challenges concepts of sacredness, secularity, profanity, and idolatry as they are lived out in contemporary Bahamian life. This insight is important not only for theological research and discourse, but also for cultural studies and various forms of social research, since accessing the dynamic truths of such African Caribbean religiocultural productions and experiences require such an interdisciplinary approach.
Heterotopic Assemblages within Religious Structures: Ganesh Utsav and the Streets of Mumbai
Authors: Gopinath Swapna
Published: February 2019

Indian urban public spaces have witnessed massive transformation post liberalization and globalization. In 2017, city spaces offer novel experiences and unravel new political dynamics in tune with the paradigm shifts in socio-political, economic and cultural domains. The city was shaped by the colonial and later modernizing forces, is being foregrounded in the postmodern, postcolonial discourses, and its public spaces therefore emerge as significant components in the social developments as witnessed in the new millennium. Ganesh Utsav in Mumbai is closely linked to India’s history of political struggle against British colonialism. There has been a phenomenal growth in its popularity and visibility, as a festival for ten days, encapsulating the whole city, transforming its identity as a financial capital of the country to a multiple layered carnival ground, with processions and festivities involving the majority of its population. Post globalization and neoliberalisation, the festival has transformed itself, assumed an identity uniquely political along with the rise of the right wing to power. My paper will be an attempt to critically evaluate this festival and the paraphernalia of sacredness that encapsulates the city space for ten days every year. While the spatial identity of religious practices is fascinating to observe, the ten-day festival of Ganesh Utsav builds a fabric of the sacred and profane across the city. The theoretical tool used in this study is Foucault’s heterotopias and Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of assemblage. The de/re-territorialising aspects of these spaces will also be examined.
Modelling cascading effects for systemic risk: Properties of the Freund copula
Authors: Guzmics Sándor , Pflug Georg Ch.
Published: February 2019

We consider a dependent lifetime model for systemic risk, whose basic idea was for the first time presented by Freund. This model allows to model cascading effects of defaults for arbitrarily many economic agents. We study in particular the pertaining bivariate copula function. This copula does not have a closed form and does not belong to the class of Archimedean copulas, either.We derive some monotonicity properties of it and show how to use this copula for modelling the cascade effect implicitly contained in observed CDS spreads.
Fractional Order on the Impact of Climate Change With Dominant Earth’s Fluctuations
Authors: Eze S.C. , Oyesanya M.O.
Published: February 2019

In this investigation, fractional order model on the impact of climate change with dominant Earth’s fluctuations is given. The solution of the modelwas obtained using modified LaplaceAdomian decomposition method. The result is compared with the result obtained from integer solution.We observed that what is seen in the fractional part takes longer to be seen in the integer part.We also observed that regardless of any choice we make to mitigate climate change, the impact will still persist due to the effect of Earth’s fluctuations.