bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Colleges and Upward Mobility
Authors: Mountjoy Jack
Published: July 2022

Two-year community colleges enroll nearly half of all first-time undergraduates in the United States, but to ambiguous effect: low persistence rates and the potential for diverting students from four-year institutions cast ambiguity over two-year colleges’ contributions to upward mobility. This paper develops a new instrumental variables approach to identifying causal effects along multiple treatment margins, and applies it to linked education and earnings registries to disentangle the net impacts of two-year college access into two competing causal margins: significant value added for two-year entrants who otherwise would not have attended college, but negative impacts on students diverted from immediate four-year entry. (JEL I23, I26, I28, J24, J31)
The Impact of Childhood Social Skills and Self-Control Training on Economic and Noneconomic Outcomes: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment Using Administrative Data
Authors: Algan Yann , Beasley Elizabeth , Côté Sylvana , Park Jungwee , Tremblay Richard E. , Vitaro Frank
Published: July 2022

A childhood intervention to improve the social skills and self-control of at-risk kindergarten boys in the 1980s had positive impacts over the life course: higher trust and self-control as adolescents; increased social group membership, education, and reduced criminality as young adults; and increased marriage and employment as adults. Using administrative data, we find this intervention increased average yearly employment income by about 20 percent and decreased average yearly social transfers by almost 40 percent. We estimate that $1 invested in this program around age 8 yields about $11 in benefits by age 39, with an internal rate of return of around 17 percent. (JEL I21, I26, I28, J13, J24, J31, Z13)
Sentiment and Speculation in a Market with Heterogeneous Beliefs
Authors: W. R. Martin Ian , Papadimitriou Dimitris
Published: July 2022

We present a model featuring risk-averse investors with heterogeneous beliefs. Individuals who are correct in hindsight—whether through luck or judgment—get rich, so sentiment is bullish following good news and bearish following bad news. Sentiment makes extreme outcomes far more important for pricing and has asymmetric effects on left- and right-skewed assets. Investors take speculative positions that can conflict with their fundamental views. Moderate investors are contrarian: they trade against excess volatility created by extremists. All investors view speculation as socially costly; but they also think it is in their self-interest, and the market can collapse entirely if speculation is banned. (JEL D81, D83, G11, G12, G41)
Capital Gains Taxes and Real Corporate Investment: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Moon Terry S.
Published: July 2022

This paper assesses the effects of capital gains taxes on investment in the Republic of Korea (hereafter, Korea), where capital gains tax rates vary at the firm level by firm size. Following a reform in 2014, firms with a tax cut increased investment by 34 log points and issued more equity by 9 cents per dollar of lagged revenue, relative to unaffected firms. Additionally, the effects were larger for firms that appeared more cash constrained or went public after the reform. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the “traditional view” predicting that lower payout taxes spur equity-financed investment by increasing marginal returns on investment. (JEL D25, G31, G32, H25, H32, L25)
Dynamic Oligopoly and Price Stickiness
Authors: Wang Olivier , Werning Iván
Published: July 2022

How does market concentration affect the potency of monetary policy? To address this question we embed a dynamic oligopolistic game into a general-equilibrium macroeconomic model. We provide a sufficient-statistic formula for the response to monetary shocks involving demand elasticities, concentration and markups. We discipline our model with evidence on pass-through and find that higher concentration amplifies nonneutrality and stickiness. We isolate strategic effects from oligopoly by comparing our model to one with naive firms. We derive an exact Phillips curve featuring novel higher-order terms, but show that a standard New Keynesian one recalibrated with higher stickiness provides an excellent approximation. (JEL D43, E12, E21, E31, E43, E51, E52)
Supply Network Formation and Fragility
Authors: Elliott Matthew , Golub Benjamin , Leduc Matthew V.
Published: July 2022

We model the production of complex goods in a large supply network. Each firm sources several essential inputs through relationships with other firms. Individual supply relationships are at risk of idiosyncratic failure, which threatens to disrupt production. To protect against this, firms multisource inputs and strategically invest to make relationships stronger, trading off the cost of investment against the benefits of increased robustness. A supply network is called fragile if aggregate output is very sensitive to small aggregate shocks. We show that supply networks of intermediate productivity are fragile in equilibrium, even though this is always inefficient. The endogenous configuration of supply networks provides a new channel for the powerful amplification of shocks. (JEL D21, G31, L14)
All Eyes on Them: A Field Experiment on Citizen Oversight and Electoral Integrity
Authors: Garbiras-Díaz Natalia , Montenegro Mateo
Published: July 2022

Can information and communication technologies help citizens monitor their elections? We analyze a large-scale field experiment designed to answer this question in Colombia. We leveraged Facebook advertisements sent to over 4 million potential voters to encourage citizen reporting of electoral irregularities. We also cross-randomized whether candidates were informed about the campaign in a subset of municipalities. Total reports, and evidence-backed ones, experienced a large increase. Across a wide array of measures, electoral irregularities decreased. Finally, the reporting campaign reduced the vote share of candidates dependent on irregularities. This light-touch intervention is more cost-effective than monitoring efforts traditionally used by policymakers. (JEL C93, D12, D72, D83, O17)
Whole-body MRI in children: state of the art
Authors: Gaunt Trevor , Humphries Paul D
Published: July 2022

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) is an increasingly popular technique in paediatric imaging. It provides high-resolution anatomical information, with the potential for further exciting developments in acquisition of functional data with advanced MR sequences and hybrid imaging with radionuclide tracers. WBMRI demonstrates the extent of disease in a range of multisystem conditions and, in some cases, disease burden prior to the onset of clinical features. The current applications of WBMRI in children are hereby reviewed, along with suggested anatomical stations and sequence protocols for acquisition.
Strengths and challenges of the artificial intelligence in the assessment of dense breasts
Authors: Mansour Sahar , Soliman Somia , Kansakar Abisha , Marey Ahmed , Hunold Christiane , Hanafy Mennatallah Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

High breast density is a risk factor for breast cancer and overlapping of glandular tissue can mask lesions thus lowering mammographic sensitivity. Also, dense breasts are more vulnerable to increase recall rate and false-positive results. New generations of artificial intelligence (AI) have been introduced to the realm of mammography. We aimed to assess the strengths and challenges of adopting artificial intelligence in reading mammograms of dense breasts.

Methods:

This study included 6600 mammograms of dense patterns “c” and “d” and presented 4061 breast abnormalities. All the patients were subjected to full-field digital mammography, breast ultrasound, and their mammographic images were scanned by AI software (Lunit INSIGHT MMG).

Results:

Diagnostic indices of the sono-mammography: a sensitivity of 98.71%, a specificity of 88.04%, a positive-predictive value of 80.16%, a negative-predictive value of 99.29%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 91.5%. AI-aided mammograms presented sensitivity of 88.29%, a specificity of 96.34%, a positive-predictive value of 92.2%, a negative-predictive value of 94.4%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 94.5% in its ability to read dense mammograms

Conclusion:

Dense breasts scanned with AI showed a notable reduction of mammographic misdiagnosis. Knowledge of such software challenges would enhance its application as a decision support tool to mammography in the diagnosis of cancer.

Advances in knowledge:

Dense breast is challenging for radiologists and renders low sensitivity mammogram. Mammogram scanned by AI could be used to overcome such limitation, enhance the discrimination between benign and malignant breast abnormalities and the early detection of breast cancer.
A Review of the e-Government Maturity Models: Are They Still Relevant?
Authors: Patergiannaki Zoi , Pollalis Yannis A.
Published: July 2022

In the past, a number of methodologies and approaches have been created to evaluate the development of e-Government and the public sector's digital transformation. Numerous e-Government maturity models have been created to close this gap. The variety of models, though, has come under criticism from several academics. The purpose of this research is to examine whether e-Government maturity models can still be regarded as relevant through the examination of 39 e-Government maturity models that have been established throughout the year. The results indicate that due to the numerous internal and external relevant inflectional factors that have not been taken into consideration by the models under study, e-Government maturity models have a limited ability to represent the growth of e-Government.
A cross-sectional analysis in order to validate the translation of FSFI-6 to Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Sesari Saras Serani , Elvira Sylvia Detri , Priyatini Tyas , Rahardjo Harrina Erlianti
Published: July 2022

Background: Numerous tools have been developed to assess female sexual dysfunction. Several of them have also conducted validity tests. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is one of these surveys that has been effectively translated into several different languages. The previous study on the translation and validation of the FSFI-6 questionnaire into Bahasa Indonesia used the original form (FSFI-19), which had many questions. Thus, this study was done to validate and translate a condensed version of the original questionnaire to make it more practicable for individuals to complete in a clinical context.

Methods: FSFI-6 was translated into Bahasa Indonesia. Then the data were collected via questionnaires by 72 women in Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM or Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital) during the data collection period (January 2018 until April 2018). The data obtained were processed for validity and reliability using the SPSS software program 20. The tests conducted on the data included a normality test, a validity test, descriptive analysis, and reliability testing. The r-value and the value of Cronbach’s Alpha were the parameters used to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.

Results: The r-value on each question in the translated FSFI-6 questionnaire was greater than 0.3, while the value of Cronbach's Alpha of the questionnaire FSFI-6 was greater than 0.6, equal to 0.831.

Conclusions: The FSFI-6 questionnaire short version that has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia is valid and reliable.
A biopsychosocial approach to death, dying, and bereavement: a course on end-of-life education for medical students
Authors: Kripalani Simran , Joy Sandra , Raizada Shivani , Cerceo Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Background: Despite the inevitable nature of death and dying, the conversations surrounding this subject are still uncomfortable for many physicians and medical students.

Methods: A six-week humanities-based course, “A Biopsychosocial Approach to Death, Dying, & Bereavement,” at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, United States, which covers definitions of death and dying, the process of dying, ethical dilemmas, and new concepts of the grieving process. Through development of a curriculum using various academic and medical literature and resources, we sought to bring attention to the necessity of having a medical education curriculum on death and dying to prepare medical students for the difficult conversations and patient experiences that lie ahead of them. Qualitative data in the form of surveys and reflection papers submitted by students and quantitative data (Likert scores on course satisfaction) were collected and analyzed both pre- and post-course.

Results: 90.7% (49/54) of the respondents answered that they agree or strongly agree with the statement that this selective course was useful in the student’s medical education experience. The top three qualitative themes brought up the most in reflection papers (n=50) were: the utility and instruction of the course (23 times), the importance of hospice and palliative care (23 times), and respecting patient autonomy (16 times).

Conclusions: Medical students are often not prepared to cope with the realities of patient loss and of caring for the patient and their families throughout the dying process. We created this course to familiarize medical students with an aspect of the medical experience that is frequently neglected in traditional medical curricula. We learned that integrating such a course can help educate medical students facilitate important conversations, teach them to act with kindness and dignity in a physician-patient setting, and enhance their personal understanding of death and dying.
Recycling of platinum group metals from energy storage devices: a techno-economical business plan analysis
Authors: Spathariotis Stylianos , Sakkas Konstantinos Miltiadis , Polyzou Ekaterini , Yakoumis Iakovos
Published: July 2022

Background: Energy storage devices utilise platinum group metals (PGMs) for their operation and exhibit an increasing adoption rate as green energy production means. Europe consumes the largest amount of PGMs worldwide (ca. 20% of the global demand), with the EU demand reaching ~71.5 t Pd, 78.7 t Pt in 2019; ~90% and 54% respectively for the production of (electro)catalysts. PGMs prices are on the rise, while these materials exhibit a risk of supply as their production in the EU is insignificant; South Africa and Russia produce approximately 84% of the global supply.

Methods: PGMs recycling and reutilisation from End-of-Life products to new ones, can drastically facilitate the reduction of the supply/demand gap. Innovation business planning is needed to commercialise the recovered PGMs, which includes marketing and financial elements utilised from an innovation perspective.

Results: SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) analysis is formed alongside a Business Model Canvas to define the Business Model and commercial added value.

Conclusion: The Financial Plan illustrates that a PGMs recycling facility can be profitable upon the generated market volume and assists in determining the financial sustainability by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV), Initial Rate of Return (IRR) and the break-even point for an investment made.
FERTILIZATION OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF GRAY FOREST SOILS OF THE ANCESTRAL REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Serzhanova Al'bina , Biktagirova Endzhe
Published: July 2022

This article presents research materials on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of spring wheat grain. It was found that in the conditions of the Pre-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray–forest soils (on average for two years – 2019-2020), the dose of mineral fertilizers NPK is the most effective. Agrometeorological conditions during the years of research were favorable, GTK – 1,36 and 1,13. The object of research is spring soft wheat, Yoldyz variety.
FEATURES OF PROPERTIES OF SEEDS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF SPRING BARLEY
Authors: Afanas'eva Dariya , Kadyrova Fanyusya
Published: July 2022

Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is widely cultivated as a food, fodder and industrial crop. Agricultural production needs to create a system of complementary varieties that takes into account regional characteristics. In order to select varieties adapted to the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan, the seed qualities of 16 new varieties of different ecological and geographical origin, domestic and foreign selection were studied. The experiments were laid on the Arsk variety plot of the Republic of Tatarstan. The studies were carried out in 2020–2021. at the Department of General Agriculture, Plant Protection and Breeding of the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies and Land Use. The conditions of crop formation had a specific effect on the formation of seed germination, which is probably related to the level of their adaptive potential. According to the complex of morphometric data of seed sprouts, among the best varieties are Endan bred by the Kazan Federal Research Center, Finist - Samara FRC, Orda - Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Soratnik - Kurgansemena LLC, Kornet resistant - National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Guzel - bred by a French breeding and seed company. A comparative analysis of the change in the weight of 1000 grains of varieties under the influence of the conditions of a dry 2021 showed that the largest-grained genotypes with a weight of more than 54 g of selection from Germany, France, and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in drought conditions reduce grain filling by 7-17%. The varieties of local selection Endan and Tevkech formed larger grains in the dry year 2021, which may be due to a longer grain filling due to the increased drought resistance of plants of these varieties. This indicator was also stable in the varieties Koldun (NAS of Belarus), Eifel France), and varieties of the Ural selection Orda and Soratnik, which may also indicate a higher level of plant homeostasis. The varieties Koldun, Nord 17/2645 and Nord 17/2610 were the most free from seed infection from the harvests of both years of study, which indicates their resistance to these types of fungal infection.
POLYMORPHISM OF THE LEPTIN AND DIACYLGLYCEROL-O-ACYLTRANSFERASE GENES IN HOLSTEINIZED BLACK AND WHITE BULLS
Authors: Lamara Mohammed , Zagidullin Lenar , Ahmetov Tahir , Shaydullin Radik , Tyulkin Sergey
Published: July 2022

Allelic polymorphism was studied and the frequency of occurrence of genotypes for leptin (LEP) and diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) genes in Black-and-White bulls was determined, their belonging to different genealogical lines of Holstein cattle. Among the animals of the analyzed sample, there was the highest frequency of genotypes LEP CT (53.4 %), DGAT1 AA (50.0 %) and alleles LEP C (0.61), DGAT1 A (0.72). The studied sample of bull breeds by identification to the Holstein breed was structurally represented by the genealogical lines of V. Aidial (77.6%), M. Chiftein (8.6%), R. Sovering and S.T. Rokit (6.9% each). Similar studies of these bulls belonging to different genealogical lines showed that the highest occurrence of genotypes and alleles was LEP CT (57.8%), DGAT1 AA, DGAT1 AK (46.7% each), LEP C (0.60), DGAT1 A (0.70) on the line of V. Aidial, LEP CC, LEP CT (by 50.0%), DGAT1 AA (100.0%), LEP C (0.75), DGAT1 A (1.0) by R. Sovering line, LEP CC, LEP CT (50.0% each), DGAT1 AA (75.0%), LEP C (0.75), DGAT1 A (0.88) by S.T. Rokit, LEP CC, LEP TT (40.0% each), DGAT1 AK (60.0%) on the line of M. Chieftain, respectively. However, it should be noted that according to the M. Chieftain line, the frequency of occurrence of alleles LEP C, LEP T and DGAT1 A, DGAT1 K for the two studied genes was equal and amounted to 0.50. It should also be noted that in the population of bulls with different genotypes for the LEP, DGAT1 genes and unequal linear affiliation to the Holstein breed, the genetic balance is not disturbed.
History of caesarean section
Authors: Zwierzyńska Anna , Gruszka Jakub , Janowski Jacek , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga
Published: July 2022

Cesarean section is a obstetric procedure known since ancient times. It is mentioned in almost all ancient cultures. While until the 17th century it was performed mainly post mortem to retrieve an infant from the body of the deceased mother, today there are many indications for termination of pregnancy in this way. Literature provides references to earlier attempts to save the mother, but this happened only sporadically. The first record of a cc that both mother and child survived dates back to 1500. The development of science and medicine contributed to the dissemination and improvement of the methods used to extract a child by caesarean section. It was influenced by the development of operational, anesthetic and aseptic techniques. A milestone was the introduction of the Pfannenstiel – Kerr lower transverse incision method. Later, the Misgav-Ladach technique was introduced. Today, transverse incisions are most commonly used.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, panic disorder - diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Machaj Dominik , Płaczek Alicja , Cyboran Katarzyna , Kuc Monika , Białas Filip
Published: July 2022

Anxiety is one of the most common psychopathological symptoms. It is based on the feeling of a strong threat without triggering a real stimulus. They are often accompanied by somatic symptoms, making it difficult to function normally and carry out daily activities. The causes of anxiety disorders include genetic and environmental factors. Anxiety can take the form of, but is not limited to, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, which are described below. We also distinguish phobia syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety and selective mutism. Among the methods of treatment, we distinguish psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.
bsnsing: A Decision Tree Induction Method Based on Recursive Optimal Boolean Rule Composition
Authors: Liu Yanchao
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a new mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation to optimize split rule selection in the decision tree induction process and develops an efficient search algorithm that is able to solve practical instances of the MIP model faster than commercial solvers. The formulation is novel for it directly maximizes the Gini reduction, an effective split selection criterion that has never been modeled in a mathematical program for its nonconvexity. The proposed approach differs from other optimal classification tree models in that it does not attempt to optimize the whole tree; therefore, the flexibility of the recursive partitioning scheme is retained, and the optimization model is more amenable. The approach is implemented in an open-source R package named bsnsing. Benchmarking experiments on 75 open data sets suggest that bsnsing trees are the most capable of discriminating new cases compared with trees trained by other decision tree codes including the rpart, C50, party, and tree packages in R. Compared with other optimal decision tree packages, including DL8.5, OSDT, GOSDT, and indirectly more, bsnsing stands out in its training speed, ease of use, and broader applicability without losing in prediction accuracy.

History: Accepted by RamRamesh, Area Editor for Data Science & Machine Learning.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, MechanicalandManufacturing Innovation [Grant 1944068].

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1225 .
The Impact of Schedule Consistency on Shift Worker Productivity: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Lu Guanyi , Du Rex Yuxing , Peng Xiaosong (David)
Published: July 2022

Problem definition: Lawmakers have begun to introduce “fair schedule” legislations that require employers to provide shift workers with more predictable and consistent work schedules. Business owners are concerned that the resultant loss of scheduling flexibility could reduce overall operational efficiency. We argue this is not necessarily the case. Academic/practical relevance: Although recent studies suggest that increasing schedule predictability by reducing “just-in-time” scheduling can increase productivity, few have examined the effects of schedule consistency on worker productivity. Our study fills this void by investigating the impact of schedule consistency on cashier productivity in grocery retailing. Methodology: We estimate econometric models using transaction level scanner data including more than 1.2 million shopping baskets processed by 126 cashiers working for a local grocer. Work schedule consistency is operationalized via two metrics: (1) hour-of-the-day consistency measuring whether a cashier is consistently scheduled to work in the same hours of the day, and (2) day-of-the-week consistency measuring whether a cashier is consistently scheduled to work on the same days of the week. Results: We find that, on average, hour-of-the-day consistency and day-of-the-week consistency increase cashier productivity by 0.95% and 1.63%, respectively. These effects are much stronger for inexperienced cashiers (e.g., an average productivity boost of 3.39% and 7.93%, respectively, for the new hires). Managerial implications: Our findings suggest that (a) business owners can increase shift workers’ productivity by providing them with more consistent work schedules, and (b) the productivity of less-experienced shift workers, especially new hires, is more vulnerable to inconsistent work schedules, highlighting the potential for operational efficiency gains from greater schedule consistency, especially for businesses employing a high portion of inexperienced shift workers.
OS CONCEITOS DE BIOMA E DOMÍNIO MORFOCLIMÁTICO NAS VIDEOAULAS DE GEOGRAFIA: ABORDAGENS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Albuquerque Francisco Nataniel Batista de , Silva João Bandeira da , De Melo Edilmara Vieira , Silva Géssica Maria
Published: July 2022

A adoção de conceitos geográficos nas aulas de Geografia para a abordagem das temáticas físico-naturais é essencial no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos para o entendimento da organização do espaço, além de reforçar o arcabouço teórico da ciência geográfica na Geografia Escolar. Diante do exposto, a pesquisa analisa a abordagem dos conceitos fundamentais de domínio morfoclimático (geográfico) e bioma (biológico) nas videoaulas de Geografia do Ensino Médio na plataforma de vídeo YouTube® a partir do levantamento e análise das aulas mais visualizadas de cada um dos referidos conceitos com base em critérios como definição conceitual, autoria, fatores naturais formadores do conceito e interdisciplinaridade da abordagem. Entre os resultados, podemos concluir a menor difusão do conceito geográfico de domínio morfoclimático em detrimento do conceito biológico de bioma, além da dificuldade de detalhamento das diferenciações e similaridades dos conceitos análogos nas aulas de Geografia, além da quase inexistência de interdisciplinaridade nas videoaulas. Diante dos dados empíricos e reflexões teóricas evidencia-se a preocupação com a secundarização do conceito de domínio morfoclimático e a redução do seu potencial explicativo das paisagens brasileiras na Geografia Escolar.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Grandi Matheus Da Silveira
Published: July 2022

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Solusi Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Petani Kopi Dengan Menggunakan Pengering Dingin Untuk Mengeringkan Cascara
Authors: Hakim Muhammad lukman , Septian Andino , Rusdiyana Liza , Hakim A. Rizaldy , Pradityana Atrian , Mirmanto Heru , Widiyono Eddy
Published: July 2022

Kulit dari buah kopi (cascara) dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi minuman sehat (teh cascara) karena mengandung anti-oksidan alami dan tinggi akan kafein. Beberapa Petani kopi di Indonesia tidak banyak yang mengolah bagian ini menjadi teh cascara karena lamanya proses pengeringan dan bergantung pada cuaca (konvensional). Metode non-konvensional sudah pernah dicoba, tetapi metode ini menggunakan suhu tinggi yang dapat berpengaruh pada kualitas dari cascara itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan mesin pengering yang handal, cepat, dan menggunakan suhu rendah. Dengan menggunakan proses pendinginan terlebih dahulu dengan melewatkan ke evaporator, maka kadar air di dalam udara dapat diserap terlebih dahulu (dehumidifikasi) yang menyebabkan udara menjadi kering lalu dipanaskan melewati kondensor (heating) mencapai suhu optimal. Oleh karena itu tidak memerlukan udara yang panas dalam proses pengeringan karena udara pengeringnya mempunyai kadar air yang rendah. Sehingga proses pengeringan dengan suhu rendah menjadi lebih optimal.
ODONTORADIOSIS WEB: Modulo de Análise Facial
Authors: Galvão Abel Ramalho
Published: July 2022

A análise do sorriso é um dos principais motivos para a procura do tratamento ortodôntico e, com o avanço da popularidade dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, o tratamento para um equilíbrio facial recebeu grande destaque [ANSEN 1977]. A aparência facial é o fator mais importante na determinação da beleza da pessoa e acaba sendo crucial para a realização de interações sociais e profissionais [NGUYEN, YURLEY, 1998].
Investigating microscale patchiness of motile microbes under turbulence in a simulated convective mixed layer
Authors: Christensen Alexander Kier , Piggott Matthew D. , van Sebille Erik , van Reeuwijk Maarten , Pawar Samraat
Published: July 2022

Microbes play a primary role in aquatic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Spatial patchiness is a critical factor underlying these activities, influencing biological productivity, nutrient cycling and dynamics across trophic levels. Incorporating spatial dynamics into microbial models is a long-standing challenge, particularly where small-scale turbulence is involved. Here, we combine a fully 3D direct numerical simulation of convective mixed layer turbulence, with an individual-based microbial model to test the key hypothesis that the coupling of gyrotactic motility and turbulence drives intense microscale patchiness. The fluid model simulates turbulent convection caused by heat loss through the fluid surface, for example during the night, during autumnal or winter cooling or during a cold-air outbreak. We find that under such conditions, turbulence-driven patchiness is depth-structured and requires high motility: Near the fluid surface, intense convective turbulence overpowers motility, homogenising motile and non-motile microbes approximately equally. At greater depth, in conditions analogous to a thermocline, highly motile microbes can be over twice as patch-concentrated as non-motile microbes, and can substantially amplify their swimming velocity by efficiently exploiting fast-moving packets of fluid. Our results substantiate the predictions of earlier studies, and demonstrate that turbulence-driven patchiness is not a ubiquitous consequence of motility but rather a delicate balance of motility and turbulent intensity.
Dispersive forces and resisting spot welds by alternative homolog conjunction govern chromosome shape in Drosophila spermatocytes during prophase I
Authors: Vernizzi Luisa , Lehner Christian F.
Published: July 2022

The bivalent chromosomes that are generated during prophase of meiosis I comprise a pair of homologous chromosomes. Homolog pairing during prophase I must include mechanisms that avoid or eliminate entanglements between non-homologous chromosomes. In Drosophila spermatocytes, non-homologous associations are disrupted by chromosome territory formation, while linkages between homologous chromosomes are maintained by special conjunction proteins. These proteins function as alternative for crossovers that link homologs during canonical meiosis but are absent during the achiasmate Drosophila male meiosis. How and where within bivalents the alternative homolog conjunction proteins function is still poorly understood. To clarify the rules that govern territory formation and alternative homolog conjunction, we have analyzed spermatocytes with chromosomal aberrations. We examined territory formation after acute chromosome cleavage by Cas9, targeted to the dodeca satellite adjacent to the centromere of chromosome 3 specifically in spermatocytes. Moreover, we studied territory organization, as well as the eventual orientation of chromosomes during meiosis I, in spermatocytes with stable structural aberrations, including heterozygous reciprocal autosomal translocations. Our observations indicate that alternative homolog conjunction is applied in a spatially confined manner. Comparable to crossovers, only a single conjunction spot per chromosome arm appears to be applied usually. These conjunction spots resist separation by the dispersing forces that drive apart homologous pericentromeric heterochromatin and embedded centromeres within territories, as well as the distinct chromosomal entities into peripheral, maximally separated territories within the spermatocyte nucleus.
Neighborhood cohesion and violence in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and their relationship to stress, depression, and hypertension: Findings from the Haiti cardiovascular disease cohort study
Authors: Yan Lily D. , McNairy Margaret L. , Dévieux Jessy G. , Pierre Jean Lookens , Dade Eliezer , Sufra Rodney , Gerber Linda M. , Roberts Nicholas , St Preux Stephano , Malebranche Rodolphe , Metz Miranda , Tymejczyk Olga , Nash Denis , Deschamps Marie , Safford Monica M. , Pape Jean W. , Rouzier Vanessa
Published: July 2022

Neighborhood factors have been associated with health outcomes, but this relationship is underexplored in low-income countries like Haiti. We describe perceived neighborhood cohesion and perceived violence using the Neighborhood Collective Efficacy and the City Stress Inventory scores. We hypothesized lower cohesion and higher violence were associated with higher stress, depression, and hypertension. We collected data from a population-based cohort of adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti between March 2019 to August 2021, including stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression (PHQ-9), and blood pressure (BP). Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or on antihypertensive medications. Covariates that were adjusted for included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet, income, and education, multivariable linear and Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between exposures and outcomes. Among 2,961 adults, 58.0% were female and median age was 40 years (IQR:28–55). Participants reported high cohesion (median 15/25, IQR:14–17) and moderate violence (9/20, IQR:7–11). Stress was moderate (8/16) and 12.6% had at least moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥11). Median systolic BP was 118 mmHg, median diastolic BP 72 mmHg, and 29.2% had hypertension. In regressions, higher violence was associated with higher prevalence ratios of moderate-to-severe depression (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: PR 1.12, 95%CI:1.09 to 1.16) and stress (+0.3 score, 95%CI:0.01 to 0.6) but not hypertension. Cohesion was associated with lower stress (Tertile3 vs Tertile1: -0.4 score, 95%CI: -0.7 to -0.2) but not depression or hypertension. In summary, urban Haitians reported high perceived cohesion and moderate violence, with higher violence associated with higher stress and depression.
Association between socioeconomic factors and unmet need for modern contraception among the young married women: A comparative study across the low- and lower-middle-income countries of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Anik Asibul Islam , Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Md Shafiur
Published: July 2022

Modern contraceptive methods are effective tools for controlling fertility and reducing unwanted pregnancies. Yet, the unmet need for modern contraception (UNMC) remains high in most of the developing countries of the world. This study aimed to compare the coverage of modern contraceptive usage and the UNMC among the young married women of low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and further examined the likelihood of UNMC across these regions. This cross-sectional study used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data on family planning from 32 LMICs of South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), West-Central Africa (WCA), and Eastern-Southern Africa (ESA). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between UNMC and women’s socioeconomic status. Out of 1,00,666 younger married women (15–24 years old), approximately 37% used modern contraceptives, and 24% experienced UNMC. Regionally, women from SA reported higher modern contraceptive usage (44.7%) and higher UNMC (24.6%). Socioeconomic factors like- higher education (in SA and WCA), unemployment (in SA and ESA), no media exposure (in SA and ESA), and higher decision-making autonomy (except SEA) showed positive and significant association with UNMC. Poorest households were positively associated with UNMC in SA and ESA, while negatively associated with UNMC in SEA. UNMC was highly reported among the SA young married women, followed by WCA, SEA, and ESA regions. Based on this study findings, versatile policies, couples counseling campaigns, and community-based outreach initiatives might be undertaken to minimize UNMC among young married women in LMICs.
Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viral circulation and hospitalization rates in Brazil from 2014 to 2019: An ecological study
Authors: Pescarini Julia M. , Rodrigues Moreno , Paixão Enny S. , Cardim Luciana , Brito Carlos A. A. de , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Santos Andreia C. , Smeeth Liam , Teixeira Maria da Glória , Souza André P. F. de , Barreto Mauricio L. , Brickley Elizabeth B.
Published: July 2022

Background

In addition to their direct pathogenic effects, arthropod-borne (arboviruses) have been hypothesized to indirectly contribute to hospitalizations and death through decompensation of pre-existing comorbidities. Using nationwide data routinely collected from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019 in Brazil, we investigated whether local increases in arbovirus notifications were associated with excess hospitalization.

Methods

We estimated the relative risks for the association between municipality- and state-level increases in arboviral case notifications and age-standardized hospitalization rates (i.e., classified as direct or indirect based on ICD-10 codes) using Bayesian multilevel models with random effects accounting for temporal and geographic correlations. For municipality-level analyses, we excluded municipalities with <200 notifications of a given arbovirus and further adjusted the models for the local Gini Index, Human Development Index, and Family Healthcare Strategy (Estratégia de Saúde da Família) coverage. Models for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya were performed separately.

Results

From 2014 to 2019, Brazil registered 7,566,330 confirmed dengue cases, 159,029 confirmed ZIKV cases, and 433,887 confirmed CHIKV cases. Dengue notifications have an endemic and seasonal pattern, with cases present in 5334 of the 5570 (95.8%) Brazilian municipalities and most (69.5%) registered between February and May. Chikungunya notifications followed a similar seasonal pattern to DENV but with a smaller incidence and were restricted to 4390 (78.8%) municipalities. ZIKV was only notified in 2581 (46.3%) municipalities. Increases in dengue and chikungunya notifications were associated with small increases in age-standardized arbovirus-related hospitalizations, but no consistent association was found with all-cause or other specific indirect causes of hospitalization. Zika was associated to increases in hospitalizations by neurological diseases.

Conclusions

Although we found no clear association between increased incidence of the three arboviruses and excess risks of all-cause or indirect hospitalizations at the municipality- and state-levels, follow-up investigations at the individual-level are warranted to define any potential role of acute arbovirus infection in exacerbating risks of hospitalization from underlying conditions.
Improvement in gait stability in older adults after ten sessions of standing balance training
Authors: Alizadehsaravi Leila , Bruijn Sjoerd M. , Muijres Wouter , Koster Ruud A. J. , van Dieën Jaap H.
Published: July 2022

Balance training aims to improve balance and transfer acquired skills to real-life tasks. How older adults adapt gait to different conditions, and whether these adaptations are altered by balance training, remains unclear. We hypothesized that reorganization of modular control of muscle activity is a mechanism underlying adaptation of gait to training and environmental constraints. We investigated the transfer of standing balance training, shown to enhance unipedal balance control, to gait and adaptations in neuromuscular control of gait between normal and narrow-base walking in twenty-two older adults (72.6 ± 4.2 years). At baseline, after one, and after ten training sessions, kinematics and EMG of normal and narrow-base treadmill walking were measured. Gait parameters and temporal activation profiles of five muscle synergies were compared between time-points and gait conditions. Effects of balance training and an interaction between training and gait condition on step width were found, but not on synergies. After ten training sessions step width decreased in narrow-base walking, while step width variability decreased in both conditions. Trunk center of mass displacement and velocity, and the local divergence exponent, were lower in narrow-base compared to normal walking. Activation duration in narrow-base compared to normal walking was shorter for synergies associated with dominant leg weight acceptance and non-dominant leg stance, and longer for the synergy associated with non-dominant heel-strike. Time of peak activation associated with dominant leg stance occurred earlier in narrow-base compared to normal walking, while it was delayed in synergies associated with heel-strikes and non-dominant leg stance. The adaptations of synergies to narrow-base walking may be interpreted as related to more cautious weight transfer to the new stance leg and enhanced control over center of mass movement in the stance phase. The improvement of gait stability due to standing balance training is promising for less mobile older adults.
Land use and land cover change in a tropical mountain landscape of northern Ecuador: Altitudinal patterns and driving forces
Authors: Guarderas Paulina , Smith Franz , Dufrene Marc
Published: July 2022

Tropical mountain ecosystems are threatened by land use pressures, compromising their capacity to provide ecosystem services. Although local patterns and interactions among anthropogenic and biophysical factors shape these socio-ecological systems, the analysis of landscape changes and their driving forces is often qualitative and sector oriented. Using the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, we characterized land use land cover (LULC) dynamics using Markov chain probabilities by elevation and geographic settings and then integrated them with a variety of publicly available geospatial and temporal data into a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to evaluate factors driving such landscape dynamics in a sensitive region of the northern Ecuadorian Andes. In previous agricultural land located at lower elevations to the east of the studied territory, we found a significant expansion of floriculture (13 times) and urban areas (25 times), reaching together almost 10% of the territory from 1990 to 2014. Our findings also revealed an unexpected trend of páramo stability (0.75–0.90), but also a 40% reduction of montane forests, with the lowest probability (<0.50) of persistence in the elevation band of 2800–3300 m; agricultural land is replacing this LULC classes at higher elevation. These trends highlight the increasing threat of permanently losing the already vulnerable native mountain biodiversity. GAMs of socio-economic factors, demographic, infrastructure variables, and environmental parameters explained between 21 to 42% of the variation of LULC transitions observed in the study region, where topographic factors was the main drivers of change. The conceptual and methodological approach of our findings demonstrate how dynamic patterns through space and time and their explanatory drivers can assist local authorities and decision makers to improve sustainable resource land management in vulnerable landscapes such as the tropical Andes in northern Ecuador.
Presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is associated with increased implantation failure following in vitro fertilization technique and embryo transfer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Papadimitriou Eirini , Boutzios Georgios , Mathioudakis Alexander G. , Vlahos Nikos F. , Vlachoyiannopoulos Panayiotis , Mastorakos George
Published: July 2022

Purpose

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted comparing the presence of anti-phospholipid (anti-PL) antibodies between women of reproductive age, without diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome, who experienced at least two implantation failures following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and either women who had a successful implantation after IVF-ET or women with at least one successful spontaneous pregnancy or unselected healthy fertile women with no history of IVF-ET.

Methods

Systematic search of the literature and meta-analysis of the relevant studies studying presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in women experiencing at least two implantation failures in IVF-ET as compared to either women who had a successful implantation after IVF-ET or/and women with at least one successful spontaneous pregnancy or unselected healthy fertile women with no history of IVF-ET. Six hundred ninety-four published reports were retrieved; 17 of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria set.

Results

Presence of either any type of anti-phospholipid or anticardiolipin antibodies or lupus-anticoagulant in women experiencing at least two implantation failures in IVF-ET was associated with increased implantation failure compared to women who had a successful implantation after IVF-ET (relative risk, RR: 3.06, 5.06 and 5.81, respectively). Presence of either anticardiolipin or lupus-anticoagulant or anti-beta2 glycoprotein-I or anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies in women experiencing at least two implantation failures in IVF-EΤ was associated with increased implantation failure compared to unselected healthy fertile women with no history of IVF-ET (RR:13.92, 6.37, 15.04 and 164.58, respectively).

Conclusion

The prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies, particularly that of anti-beta2 glycoprotein-I and anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies, in women experiencing at least two implantation failures in IVF-ET without diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome is significantly greater than either in women who had a successful implantation after IVF-ET or women with at least one successful spontaneous pregnancy or unselected healthy fertile women with no history of IVF-ET.

Trial registration number

PROSPERO ID: CRD42018081458