bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bidrag til Danmarks tertiære og diluviale Flora. Tekstbind
Authors: Hartz N
Published: June 2021

Den Mand findes ikke, der alene, uden Hjælp fra talrige Specialister, kan gennemføre en ordentlig Undersøgelse af en Tørvemose eller et Brunkullag. En Undersøgelse af ældre Formationers Lag kræver Samvirken af geologisk (petrografisk-stratigrafisk) og palæontologisk (zoologisk-botanisk) Viden. En Tørvemose-Undersøgelse stiller endnu større Krav til Undersøgeren; thi i Tørven kan findes Repræsentanter for næsten alle Dyrelivets og navnlig for alle Plantelivets forskellige Hovedgrupper. Ordentligt og fuldstændigt gennemført skal en Tørve-Undersøgelse redegøre for Tørvens Indhold af højere og lavere Dyr, Alger og Svampe, Mosser, Karkryptogamer og Fanerogamer, ikke blot de makro- men ogsaa de mikroskopiske Elementer i Tørven - eventuelt dens arkæologiske Indhold. Det er ikke for meget sagt, at Undersøgelsen af en enkelt lille Tørveprøve kunde skaffe en enkelt Mand Arbejde et langt Liv igennem, om hver enkelt Plante- og Dyrerest skulde omhyggeligt undersøges og bestemmes - og dog maatte vistnok meget lægges til Side, selv om Undersøgeren var helt og fuldt ud paa Højde med Nutidens Viden paa alle de forskellige Omraader, som Undersøgelsen nødvendigvis maatte komme til at behandle eller tangere.
Stenalderhavets udbredelse i det nordlige Jylland
Authors: Jessen Axel
Published: June 2021

For snart Hundrede Aar siden paaviste den danske Geolog G. Forchhammer, at det nordøstlige Danmark i en Del af den postglaciale Tid havde ligget lavere end i Nutiden. Endvidere fandt han ved Maaling af hævede Havstokke, at den derpaa følgende Hævning af Landet havde været stærkest mod Nordøst, og at den aftog mod Sydvest til en Linje trukket fra Nissum Fjord mod SØ til noget Syd for Nyborg. Sydvest for denne Linje laa de højeste Havstokke ikke højere end den øverste Tanglinje, og nogen Landhævning havde altsaa ikke fundet Sted her. Senere Aars Undersøgelser har fuldt ud bekræftet disse Iagttagelser. Ved geologisk-arkæologiske Undersøgelser er det endvidere lykkedes nærmere at bestemme det Tidspunkt, da Landet i det nordøstlige Danmark laa lavest. Dette Tidspunkt, Landsænkningens Maksimum, falder i store Træk sammen med det Afsnit af den danske Ældre Stenalder (Campinien), der er karakteriseret ved Affaldsdyngerne (Kjøkkenmøddingerne) og Skivespalter- eller Ertbølle-Kulturen. Andre, først og fremmest svenske Forskere, har yderligere udvidet vort Kendskab til Niveauforandringerne efter Istiden og disses Samtidighed med kendte klimatiske og arkæologiske Perioder.
Lønstrup Klint. Atlas
Authors: Jessen Axel
Published: June 2021

Atlas med 36 tavler.
Om Forekomsten af saltførende Aflejringer i Danmarks Undergrund
Authors: Andersen Johs , Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

Langt tilbage i Tiden har man enkelte Steder i Danmark kendt Saltkilder eller Salt i Grundvandet, men i Reglen har disse Forekomster dog kun ret tilfældigt været inddraget i de geologiske Arbejder, og udførligere Undersøgelse har kun været foretaget i ganske enkelte Tilfælde. De fyldigste Oplysninger drejer sig om nogle Forekomster i Jylland. Disse er tillige blandt dem, der længst har været kendt, og af og til har de givet Anledning til videnskabelig Diskussion eller til Forsøg paa teknisk Udnyttelse, nemlig Forekomster i Vendsyssel og ved Kolding.
Cyrtograptusskifrene paa Bornholm. 2. Læsaa
Authors: Laursen Dan
Published: June 2021

Paa Bornholm kendes Cyrtograptusskifer indenfor to Omraader nemlig 1) ved Øleaa og 2) ved Læsaa. I et tidligere Arbejde har Forfatteren gjort Rede for Forholdene ved Øleaa. Det blev fastslaaet, at følgende Zoner er til Stede:1) Cyrtograptus Grayi Lapw.br> 2) Monograptus spiralis Gein. 3) Cyrtograptus Lapworthi Tull. 4) Cyrtograptus Murchisoni Carr.Der er iøvrigt i nævnte Afhandling gjort Rede for Forhold af almindelig Art disse Skifre vedrørende. Derfor skal her kun omtales de Ting, der er specifike for Læsaa, samt enkelte Fossiler, der ikke er omtalt under Øleaa.
The Middle and Upper Cambrian Sedimentary Rocks of Bornholm
Authors: Hansen Kaj
Published: June 2021

The alum shales of Bornholm and their stinkstones were mentioned as long ago as by Ørsted & Esmarck, though these authors occupied themselves chiefly with the question of their practical utility, their conclusion being that they are not so bituminous as to permit of their being used for fuel in the burning of lime, as for instance the shales of Västergötland are still used today. (Ørsted & Esmarck 1819).Forchammer also refers to these alum shales and names a few fossils, but his description of "the transitional formation" includes the whole of the series that extends from Middle Cambrian to Upper Graptolith Shales inclusive (Forchammer 1835).It is only with Johnstrup that there begins a more comprehensive investigation of the fossiliferous Cambra-Silurian and an attempt at a more exact division of it on a palaeontological basis, on the lines of the stratigraphical surveys that were started at the same time in Scania (Johnstrup 1891).But we obtain no closer knowledge of the stratigraphy and fossil contents of this series until Grönwall and later Poulsen complete their investigations (Grönwall 1902, Poulsen 1923). Both authors, it is true, describe a number of characteristic features of the rocks, but hitherto there has been no systematic petrographical examination of them; and as the present investigation has been able to elucidate still more peculiarities in the development of the series, a more detailed description of the various localities will be necessary.
Molluscan Assemblages from the Marine Middle Miocene of South Jutland and their Environments. Vol. II.
Authors: Sorgenfrei Theodor
Published: June 2021

Although the number of species in which variation of shape has been investigated is relatively small, due to the broken state of the material, it is possible to outline some new fundamental features of shell morphology.The investigations of Yoldia glaberrima, Leda Westendorpii, Leda pygmaea, and Spisula subtruncata indicate that the length/height ratio of pelecypod valves is very seldom constant throughout the life of the animal. This is important, but some workers are apparently not aware of this principle, to judge by the significance which is often attached to the calculation of means of length/height ratios, or other quantitative expressions of shape. Mean values of this sort have no taxonomic significance unless they are accompanied by information on the size groups of the shells measured.
Geoelektriske Undersøgelser i Danmark og Skåne 1953
Authors: Sorgenfrei Theodor
Published: June 2021

The earth resistivity surveys which have been carried out in Denmark and Scania (Southern Sweden) during 1953 in accordance with the Wenner-method include both research and exploration projects.The particular problem involved in resistivity surveys in Denmark is related to the heterogenous bedding of the Glacial Drift which covers practically the whole country. Level and geologically uniform measuring grounds were therefore selected for particular research projects during the initial stage of the survey in 1953 in order to obtain relatively simple combinations of physical factors in the subsurface.The final goal of the work was to elaborate a suitable method for mapping of sand and gravel aquifers in the Glacial Drift, bed-rock topography, saltwater occurrences, etc. It was soon realized that a combined method using both trenching measurements and vertical electrical drilling would be the most applicable. Such procedure was applied to fundamental geo-hydrologic problems in different parts of the country after careful geologic planning in each case. The well logs on file in the Well Record Department of the Geological Survey were the very important basis for this work.The geo-electric work carried out during 1953 has shown that resistivity surveys may yield both scientific and practical results of general value even in a geologically complex region as the Glacial Drift area of Denmark. This is illustrated by 13 case histories of which no. 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10 cover research projects while the rest deals with the location or investigation of aquifers for rural and municipal waterworks.
Saltefterforskningen i Danmark
Authors: Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

Denmark is heavily covered by Pleistocene Glacial drift deposits resting on Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous formations. The geology of the pre-Cretaceous was unknown until recently.Shortly after 1920 a number of water borings encountered salt ground water in various parts of the country and several occurrences of salt ground water ascending to the surface were simultaneously located by floristical investigations. A survey of the geology of the salt groundwater was subsequently carried out and it was concluded, that part of the salt groundwater might possibly be due to ascending brines from salt deposits in the deep subsurface, and Permian salt formations were suggested.A mining law was issued in 1932 and exploration work was shortly afterwards started by the Danish American Prospecting Co. Operations were carried on until 1959 when the concession was abandoned.The extensive exploration work threw light on the formations and structure of the deeper subsurface of Denmark. The most significant results are the following.An Archaean to Older Paleozoic High divides Denmark in two sedimentary sub-basins which contain relatively deeply lying Permian salt formations superposed by Triassic and Jurassic sequences. A salt dome province is found in Northern Jutland.Permian and Jurassic formations are partly absent on the Paleozoic High. The basin south of the High constitutes the northernmost part of the North German Sedimentary Basin.
Deep Tests in Denmark 1935-1959
Authors: Sorgenfrei Theodor , Buch Arne
Published: June 2021

The exploration activity which resulted in the 31 deep tests reported on in this paper is briefly outlined in the introductory chapter.Mr. F. Ravlin initiated exploration by drilling the two wells at Harte. He held the concession covering all of Denmark from 1935 to 1938, when Gulf Oil Corporation acquired the concession. A large amount of geophysical and geological work was subsequently carried out under the aegis of the Gulf Oil Corporation, and until 1957 eighteen deep tests were completed. Finally, during the period from 1957 to 1959, when the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was the concessionaire, seismic work was carried out in selected areas, and 11 deep tests were drilled.Among the geological results the most important one was the proof of a well developed Pre-Upper Cretaceous sedimentary basin in Denmark. The rock column includes Pre-Cambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous formations. A thick evaporite sequence in the Upper Permian Zechstein is the prerequisite of the salt dome province discovered in North Jutland.Oil shows were encountered in dolomites of the Zechstein in South Jutland, but these petroliferous beds proved unproductive. A short blow out of petroleum gas was, moreover, experienced while drilling in the Suldrup salt dome in North Jutland. It is assumed, that a Zechstein dolomite was the reservoir.An abbreviated well log is given for each of the 31 deep tests. Graphic logs of the wells arranged into simple cross sections are found on plates 18 to 22. Bibliographic references regarding fossil species of importance for biostratigraphy are given in the Danish annex at the end of the paper. Most of the species concerned are illustrated on plates 1 to 11.
A Contribution to the Analysis of Recovery Data for the Determination of the HydrauIic Properties of an Aquifer
Authors: Haman Zvonimir , Andersen Lars Jørgen
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to present a more reliable calculation of hydraulic properties (T) and (S) utilizing recovery data instead of residual drawdown data. A useful formula for the computation of the recovery from the extrapolated drawdown is recommended. Practical data for this paper has been obtained from a pumping test in an artesian aquifer at Hvinningdal, Silkeborg, Denmark. The calculations are made by means of the nonequilibrium formulas of Theis and Jacob. In addition, the paper provides procedure and examples of adjustments of water-level data for barometric efficiency.
Oversigt over de af Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse i Finansaaret 1912-13 udførte landøkonomiske Arbejder
Authors: Kommissionen for Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse
Published: June 2021

Bevillingen til Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelses landøkonomiske Virksomhed var paa Finansloven for 1912-13 ligesom paa den foregaaende Finanslov 15,000 Kr. Dette Beløb er hovedsagelig bleven anvendt til Mergelundersøgelser og til Kalktrangsundersøgelser.
Det marine Diluvium ved Vognsbøl
Authors: Nordmann V
Published: June 2021

Vognsbøl er Navnet paa en lille Landsby c. 2 km NNV for Esbjerg, beliggende paa Sydsiden af en lille, i Fordhold til sin Bredde lidet dyb Dal, som gennemstrømmes af en østfra kommende Biaa til Fovrfeld Aa. I Dalen, 100 m Øst for Esbjerg-Varde Landevej, ligger Esbjerg Vandværk, ved hvilket der i Aarenes Løb er foretaget en Række gennemgaaende lidet dybe Boringer.
Kalken paa Saltholm
Authors: Nielsen K. Brünnich
Published: June 2021

I Aaret 1921 var et enkelt af de gamle Kalkbrud paa Saltholm genaabnet og Brydningen genoptaget efter en Pause paa henved 50 Aar. Jeg var saa heldig at kunne foretage Undersøgelser i Bruddet i den korte Periode, da det var tørlagt, og da Resultatet af disse formentlig kan have nogen Interesse, skal jeg i Korthed gøre rede for dem.Bruddet, der er beliggende tæt ved Havnen paa Nordsiden af Øen, er aflangt firkantet med de lange Sider liggende i Retningen Øst-Vest, og de korte Sider i Nord-Syd. I den vestlige Ende af Bruddet fandtes dets dybeste Sted, der var c. 3 m under Overfladen, og her søgte en elektrisk drevet Pumpe at holde Bruddet tørt.Fig. 1 er et Billede af den lange, sydlige Væg, taget omtrent 10 m fra Bruddets vestlige Rand. Det viser, at Lagene i Kalken er skraatstillede med en svag Hældning mod Vest. Hældningen er ikke stor, men dog saaledes, at de Lag, der i Østenden af Bruddet findes i Overfladen, genfindes c. 1 m nede i Vestsiden af Bruddet. Profilet viste, som det kan ses paa Billedet, øverst c. 2 m blød, løs, tydelig lagdelt Kalk. De enkelte Kalklag er tynde, og hele Serien har et skifret Præg. Kalklagene er 2 Steder afbrudt af temmelig tykke Flintlag, hvoraf det øverste er graat, det nederste sort.Under disse 2 m findes Lag af haard, klingende Kalk, der ogsaa er lagdelt. Af denne Kalk er der c. 1 m til Bunden i Graven. Ogsaa i denne Serie findes et Par Flintlag af den sædvanlige graa Farve.
Om Tertiæret ved Mariager Fjord
Authors: Madsen Victor
Published: June 2021

I den geologiske Litteralur omtales Tertiæret ved Mariager Fjord vistnok først af N.V. Ussing, der i den første Udgave af sin Danmarks Geologi kortelig angiver, at der paa begge Sider af Mariager Fjord fra Hobro østefter til hen imod Mariager findes Plastisk Ler, der hyppigst er af mørkegraa Farve, og som, sammen med det ved Fjorden forekommende Skrivekridt, giver Anledning til en betydelig Cementfabrikation. Ussing nævner endvidere, at der i det Plastiske Ler forekommer underordnede Lag, som i Beskaffenhed har en Del tilfælles med Moler og Cementsten og ligesom disse jævnlig indeholder Fiskerester.
Bjørnen (Ursus arctus L.) i Danmark
Authors: Jessen Knud
Published: June 2021

Som omtalt andet Sted er det lykkedes at tidsfæste det i Sejerslev Kær paa Mors fundne Bjørnekranium ved pollenanalytiske Undersøgelser. I Tilslutning dertil har jeg forsøgt, om ikke den omtrentlige Alder ogsaa af andre af de i vore Museer liggende Rester af Landbjørn (Ursus arctus L.) fra danske Moser kunde bestemmes paa Grundlag af Pollenindholdet i de Tørve- eller Gytjeprøver, som maatte sidde gemt i Knoglernes Hulheder. Ved et gunstigt Udfald af et saadant Forsøg kunde der maaske vindes et fyldigere Overblik over Bjørnens Forekomst i Danmark efter Istiden.
Klinten ved Halkhoved
Authors: Jessen Axel
Published: June 2021

Klinterne langs Lillebelts Kyster og ved den vestlige Del af Østersøen frembyder i geologisk Henseende adskilligt af Interesse, ikke alene som Følge af deres Indhold af fossilførende, interglaciale Aflejringer, men ogsaa paa Grund af de forskelligartede Lag, hvoraf de er opbyggede, og disse Lags indbyrdes Lejringsforhold. Det paa de sydfynske Øer og Østkysten af Slesvig forekommende marine Ler, tidligere benævnt Cyprinaler, nu Eemler, har paa Grund af sin Rigdom paa Molluskskaller tidlig vakt Opmærksomhed. Foruden at bestemme Lagenes Fossilindhold og geologiske Alder er man blevet tvunget til at tage Stilling til de ejendommelige Forstyrrelser i Lagstillingerne, der - særlig i Ristinge Klint - optræder med en saadan Regelbundethed, at der har været, og endnu er, divergerende Opfattelse af, hvorledes de er fremkomne, om de er af tektonisk eller af glacial Oprindelse. Senere har Opmærksomheden ogsaa samlet sig om en Klint i det nordligste Lillebelt, Røgle Klint, Øst for Strib, hvor der ligeledes forekommer en marin interglacial Lerart, dog fra en ældre Interglacialtid end Eemlagene, og som sammen med forskellige Morænebænke har været udsat for meget stærke, men samtidig regelbundne Forstyrrelser.
Victorinus Pingel. En Livsskildring. Med Noter om hans Fader, Geologen Christian Pingel og hans Familie
Authors: Madsen Victor
Published: June 2021

"Ved den aarlige Finanslovs anden Behandling i Marts Maaned 1887 i Folketinget spurgte et af Medlemmerne den daværende Indenrigsminister Ingerslev, om ikke det snart var paa Tiden, at Danmark i Lighed med de andre civiliserede Stater i Europa og Amerika lod foretage en grundig geologisk Undersøgelse af sin Jordbund". Med disse beskedne Ord omtales den Handling, der førte til Oprettelsen af Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, af den Mand, som fremsatte Forespørgselen, Dr. phil. Johan Victorinus Pingel. Uden hans Indgriben var der sikkert gaaet endnu mange Aar, inden Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse var blevet oprettet, og man havde faaet paabegyndt den geologiske Kortlægning af Danmark og en systematisk geologisk Undersøgelse af Landet.
Fund af Urokse (Bos taurus uros L.) i Grænge Mose paa Lollaad
Authors: Andersen Alfred , Møller Kjeld
Published: June 2021

Gennem Østlolland strækker sig en smal, mosefyldt Lavning, der forbinder Sakskøbing Fjord med Guldborgsunds Bredning, og som afvandes af de to Vandløb, Sakskøbing Aa og Flintinge Aa.I de senere Aar har denne Mose været Genstand for en ret intensiv Tørvegravning, hvorved der er blevet fremdraget talrige Knogler og en Del Oldsager. Naar disse Ting for en stor Del er blevet bevaret, skyldes det især Viceskoleinspektør L. Kring, Nykøbing F., som har gjort et utrætteligt Arbejde for at redde de Ting, der er fundet ved Tørvegravningen i denne Del af Landet.I Grængegaard Teglværks Part af ovennævnte Mose (Matr. 4a. - Se Kortet Fig. 1) fandt Tørvearbejderne den 16. Juli 1942 nogle store Knogler, der øjensynlig stammede fra en Urokse (A - se Fig. 2). Da det viste sig, at der ikke blot var Tale om nogle faa Knogler, men om et næsten fuldstændigt Skelet, blev Zoologisk Museum underrettet om Fundet, og Museet anmodede Hr. Kring om at lede den yderligere Udgravning af Dyret).
Kvartæret omkring Hobro
Authors: Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

I 1953 besøgte jeg et par dage Nationalmuseets udgravning af vikingeborgen Fyrkat ved Hobro, og udgravningens leder, museumsinspektør, arkitekt C.G. Schultz opfordrede mig til at skrive en kort, geologisk terrænoversigt som indledning til den planlagte publikation om Fyrkat. Jeg begyndte at se mig om i egnen, men da min interesse først var fanget, tog det ene ord det andet, og det måtte nødvendigvis - for at få bund under fødderne - blive til en geologisk kartering af lidt større omfang, end jeg fra først havde troet nødvendig. C.G. Schultz døde i 1958 uden at have fået bearbejdet udgravningen af Fyrkat, og den geologiske »indledning« er nu nået til, forhåbentlig, at kunne stå alene.I terrænet omkring Mariager Fjord kendes kvartærets underlag af tertiær, danium og skrivekridt omtrent fra Skovsgård og Østpå (Victor Madsen 1918). Indenfor det her omhandlede område ligger prækvartæret imidlertid dybt. Det kendes fra tre boringer på Hvornum salthorst. Her rækker kvartæret til ca. 200 m dybde, og herunder følger muligvis tertiært sand, men i øvrigt caprock og zechsteinsalt til mindst 1550 m (DGU Boringer nr. 57. 134, 247 og 248). Tertiært ler forekommer muligvis i en boring s. f. Hvornum, men er ikke nærmere undersøgt. I alle andre boringer indenfor området ligger kvartærets undergrænse mindst 50-100 m under kote 0. De dybestliggende kvartære lag, de ældste, er altså ikke umiddelbart tilgængelige.Dette lille arbejde vil derfor i alt væsentligt beskæftige sig med de yngste kvartæraflejringer, groft udtrykt: terrænet og dets opbygning.
Problems of the Early Post-Glacial Forest Development in Denmark
Authors: Iversen Johs
Published: June 2021

The present paper is a slightly extended copy of a lecture given before the Danish Geological Society January 1959. At the same meeting Dr. J. Troels-Smith read a paper, and both lectures were followed by a discussion . The author's contribution to the discussion is incorporated in the present account.As the title indicates the paper deals with problems under debate. Because the author cannot, in this brief outline, express his hesitations in every single case, he wants to emphasize once and for all that the ecological interpretations are tentative only. Yet, he thinks the questions will have to be formulated and answered ecologically. However, the answers should be checked by an independent method. Fortunately this will be possible in many cases thanks to advanced methods now to hand, e.g. exact datings by radiocarbon.A more complete discussion of the ecological background for the author's interpretation will be given in connection with a full report of our investigations in Draved forest. I take this opportunity to thank the Carlsberg Foundation for its generous support to these investigations, the present paper is largely based on experience derived from them.Most of the problems of Post-glacial forest history have indeed been discussed in the well-known books by Firbas (1949) and Godwin (1956), which in addition contain complete references. The reader is referred to these books. The drawings have been most skilfully executed by Miss Ingeborg Frederiksen.
Salt Mineralvand fra Danmarks dybere Undergrund
Authors: Dinesen Birthe
Published: June 2021

During the drilling operations of Danish American Prospecting Co. in Denmark 1946-1959 several mineral water occurences were encountered in the subsurface.Samples taken from Zechstein deposits show a composition ranging from concentrated almost pure MgCl2- or CaCl2-solutions to solutions more dominated by NaCl. Usually they seemn to be migrating solutions which have secondarily reacted with the salt deposits they have penetrated.Samples from Jurassic and Danian deposits are more diluted NaCl-solutions with a minor content of CaCl2 and MgCl2.The diluted mineral waters of Denmark are regarded as mixtures of concentrated salt solutions and fresh water.Uniform composition of diluted mineral waters does not necessitate a uniform composition of the original concentraled salt solutions. It may also be brought about by ion exchange reactions between clays and salt solutions of different composition as e.g. the above-mentioned solutions encountered in the Zechstein deposits.
Species ldentification of Ulmus Pollen
Authors: Stockmarr Jens
Published: June 2021

On the basis of pore counts on modern pollen it is shown that Ulmus glabra Huds., U. laevis Pall., V. minor Mill. (U. carpinifolia G. Suchow) and U. procera Salisb. can be distinguished with some degree of certainty by their pollen. On the basis of fossil pollen it is shown that Ulmus laevis was the first elm species to immigrate into Lithuania, as has been asserted earlier, and that Ulmus glabra dominated the elm population in Atlantic time at the Danish localities investigated.
Oversigt over Danmarks Geologi
Authors: Andersen Johs , Bøggild O.B , Callisen Karen , Jessen Axel , Jessen Knud , Madsen Victor , Mertz Ellen Louise , Milthers V , Nordmann V , Ravn J.P.J , Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

Mellem Vesterhavet og Østersøen ligger der en Halvø og en Del Øer, som fra ældgammel Tid har været det danske Folks Hjem. Paa en Globus danner de kun en forsvindende Plet, om end deres Plads er skarpt markeret og let at finde, og selv paa et Europaskort er deres Omraade kun meget ringe. I over et Aartusinde har de udgjort en selvstændig Stat, Danmark. Der gives faa Lande, for hvilke Havet har haft større Betydning, end det har haft for dette Land, og faa Folk, der har følt sig stærkere knyttet til Havet end det danske. Medens Havet andetsteds nærmest virker skillende, har det for Danmark været det, som knyttede Øerne og Halvøen sammen til en Enhed ; det dannede de Færdselsveje, omkring hvilke ved Oldtidens Slutning det danske Rige opstod. Det er dette Lands geologiske Bygning, der i korte Træk skal skildres i dette Værk.
Übersicht über Die Geologie von Dänemark
Authors: Andersen Johs. , Bøggild O.B , Callisen Karen , Jessen Axel , Jessen Knud , Madsen Victor , Mertz Ellen Louise , Milthers V , Nordmann V , Ravn J.P.J , Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

Zwischen Nord- und Ost see liegen eine Halbinsel und eine Anzahl von Inseln, die seit alters her das Heimatland der Dänen gewesen sind. Auf einem Erdglobus sind sie nur ein verschwindender Fleck, wenn ihr Platz auch scharf markirt und leicht zu finden ist, und selbst auf einer Europakarte ist ihr Gebiet nur sehr klein, und doch hat dieses Gebiet seit mehr als einem Jahrtausend einen selbständigen Staat gebildet: Dänemark.Es gibt nur wenige Länder, für die das Meer grössere Bedeutung gehabt hat, als für Dänemark, und wenige Völker, die sich stärker mit dem Meere verbunden gefühlt haben, als das dänische. Während das Meer an anderen Orten eher trennend wirkt, hat es die Inseln und die Halbinsel zu einer Einheit verbunden; das Meer bildete die Verkehrswege, um die sich am Ende des Altertums das dänische Reich bildete. Es ist der geologische Bau dieses Landes, welcher in kurzen Zügen in diesem w ·erk geschildert werden wird.
Late Ordovician and early Silurian stratigraphy of Washington Land, western North Greenland
Authors: Peel J.S , Hurst J.M
Published: June 2021

This paper revises the stratigraphy of a conspicuous sequence of generally cliff-forming limestones which spans the Ordovician - Silurian boundary in Washington Land, western North Greenland (fig. 4). The strata are referred to the Morris Bugt Group, formally proposed here. Four constituent formations are recognised (fig. 5), three ofwhich have been previously described. However, the relevant sections were originally examined by Lauge Koch under arduous conditions and the passage of more than half a century has inevitably left its mark. It is not proposed to offer a full description of all the rock units at this time. The uppermost formation, the Aleqatsiaq Fjord Formation, is described by Hurst (in press), the three older formations will be discussed fully at a later date.
Preliminary investigations of the Quaternary of Melville Bugt and Dundas, North-West Greenland
Authors: Kelly M
Published: June 2021

Two weeks were spent in the area shown in fig. 10 in 1978, mainly in northem Melville Bugt, but including a brief visit to sites around Dundas. Sample material from these areas was analysed for 14C and amino acids in 1979 and the results are listed in 'Results'.
Field work on Precambrian granites and metasediments in the Søndre Upernavik – Kuvdlorssuaq region (72°00'–74°40'N), northern West Greenland
Authors: Escher J.C , Stecher O
Published: June 2021

The 1979 field work was the last of a series of three GGU reconnaissance mapping expeditions in the Søndre Upernavik - Kuvdlorssuaq region. The investigations aimed at the production of the 1:500 000 geological map sheet of the Marmorilik - Melville Bugt region. However, at the end of the 1979 field season it became clear that enough field data had been collected for the production of a series of six 1: 100 000 geological map sheets covering the region between 72 0 00' and 75°00'N. Support was again provided by the GGU motor cutter K. J. V. Steenstrup with Andreas Vidstein as skipper. To consolidate the work of previous field seasons, time was spent in correlative work and re-investigation of certain areas. Special attention was given to the Prøven charnockite complex and the stratigraphy of the metasedimentary cover. A preliminary general outline of the regional geology was given by Escher & Stecher (1978).
An ultrabasic pipe in the eastern Sukkertoppen region, southern West Greenland
Authors: Hall R.P
Published: June 2021

An unusual occurrence of ultrabasic material was located in the eastern Sukkertoppen region during the reconnaissance mapping programme of 1977, the findings of which were described by Allaart et al. (1978). It occurs on a small exposure on the west side of a north-pointing peninsula in the middle of the large nunatak Majorqap alangua (65°53'N, 50°40'W), to the north-east of the Majorqaq valley (Hall, 1978, fig. 21). The area is composed predominantly of a suite of granulite facies granitic gneisses which contain numerous enclaves of pyroxene-bearing amphibolites, and locally anorthositic and gabbroic rocks similar to those seen in the Fiskenæsset anorthosite complex (Myers, 1975). The gneisses in the centre af the nunatak are highly irregular in orient at ion, occupying the complex interseclion af closures af at least two major fold phases. A belt af amphibolitcs forms the cliff at the south-west tip af Majorqap alangua. Related rocks occur in arnphibolite facies in the acea around the lakc Qardlit taserssuat immediately to the soulh (Hall, 1978).
Project EASTMAR: acquisition of high sensitivity aeromagnetic data off East Greenland
Authors: Larsen H.C , Thorning L
Published: June 2021

Project EASTMAR, an aeromagnetic survey of major parts of the continental margin off East Greenland, is an energy research project originally funded by the Danish government through the Energy Agency (Thorning, 1978; Larsen & Thorning, 1979). During 1979, the EASTMAR project has been included in an EEC supported geophysical project called the NAD project (North Atlantic D; see also Risum, this volume). The aim of the NAD project is to map the deep and regional structures of the continental margin off East Greenland by using high sensitivity aeromagnetic surveys, multichannel seismic reflection and marine gravity surveys, and to prepare a preIiminary assessment of the petroleum geology of the region. In 1979, the main work of EASTMAR has been the acquisition of new aeromagnetic data between latitudes 600 N and 800 N in accordance with the flight programme (fig. 31; and Larsen & Thorning, 1979) and compilation of existing aeromagnetic and seismic data (Larsen, 1980).
Upper Permian dykes in southern Scoresby Land, East Greenland
Authors: Stemmerik L , Sørensen M
Published: June 2021

During field work in the Upper Permian of Scoresby Land, a number of thin lamprophyric dykes were found in the area around Revdal (fig. 36). Direct fjeld evidence indicates a Late Permian age for at least some of these dykes. Such dykes are known to occur elsewhere in East Greenland (Haller, 1971, fig. 122), where some are thought to be of Devonian age (Haller, 1971).
Aquilapollenites from the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene(?) of central West Greenland
Authors: Croxton C.A
Published: June 2021

Four species of the fossil pollen genus Aquilapollenites (sensu lato) are reported from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) - Paleocene (?) of the Nugssuaq peninsula, central West Greenland. The West Greenland pollen assemblages may have some connection to those of Alaska, northern Canada and Scotland.
A geological section through the southern part of the Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Andersen S , Bohse H , Steenfelt A
Published: June 2021

Detailed mapping af the southern part af the Ilimaussaq intrusion was initiated in 1968 with preparation af a map uf the kakortokite at a seale af approximately 1:10 000 (Bohse et al., 1971). Other small areas south af Tunugdliarfik have been mapped and described in detail (Demin, 1971; Demina, 1979; Steenfelt, 1981), and at present these results, together with additional mapping by S. Andersen and H. Bohse (Andersen & Bohse, 1978; Bohse & Andersen, 1981) of the area between Tunugdliarfik and Kangerdluarssuk-Lakseelv, are being compiled at a scale of 1:5000.
Zr-Y-U stratigraphy of the kakortokite-lujavrite sequence, southern Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Andersen S , Bailey J.C , Bohse H
Published: June 2021

The kakortokite-Iujavrite sequence in the southern part of the Ilimaussag intrusion has been subdivided on a number of field and hand-specimen criteria (Bohse & Andersen, 1981). The sequence is thought to represent a single pulse of magma except for the final, volumetrically insignificant intrusion of M-C lujavrite. In the present work, Zr, y and U data on the kakortokite-Iujavrite sequence are presented. The primary aim of the geochemical survey was to see if the field divisions could be confirmed. To this end, we analysed about 200 representative samples by reconnaissance X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques for the elements Zr, Y, Rb, Sr, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, La, Ce and Nd.
Preliminary results on the distribution of uranium in drill cores from Kvanefjeld, Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Makovicky M
Published: June 2021

As part of the uranium extraction research programme carried out at the Risø National Laboratory, geochemical and mineralogical investigations of the Kvanefjeld area were conducted at the Geological Survey of Greenland. In the present contribution the principal conclusions on the distribution of uranium and the mineralogy of the potential uranium ore from Kvanefjeld are summarised. Detailed results are given in a GGU interim report (Makovicky et al., 1979).
Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy around Danmark Fjord, eastern North Greenland
Authors: Peel J.S , Ineson J.R , Lane P.D , Armstrong H.A
Published: June 2021

Geologieal fieldwork in the Caledonian foreland of eastern North Greenland commenced during 1979 (Peel, 1980) was continued in 1980 with systematic regional mapping on a 1:100000 photomosaie base of western Kronprins Christian Land, from Centrum Sø in the south to Prins Frederik Øer in the north (fig. 6). Mapping was coneentrated on the essentially autochthonous sequence adjacent to Danmark Fjord, with Hurst & McKerrow (this report) investigating the Caledonian Nappe sequenee further to the east (Map i). In addition to activities in Kronprins Christian Land, short visits were also made to Kap Holbæk and Valdemar Glückstadt Land, on the western side af Danmark Fjord.
14C-dating of samples collected during the 1979 expedition to North Greenland
Authors: Funder S
Published: June 2021

Thirty-two radiocarbon age determinations of bivalve shelIs (30), gyttja (1) and peat (1) are summarised below. All but two of the samples were collected during the GGU geological expedition to the Peary Land region. Two samples comprise contemporary shelIs from north and north-east Greenland, and were collected earlier. The samples have been dated at the Carbon-14 Dating Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Denmark and the National Museum, Copenhagen (samples marked K, by courtesy of the Geological Survey of Denmark), the C-14 Laboratory at the Department of Quatemary Geology, University of Lund, Sweden (samples marked Lu, by courtesy of the laboratory and the Department of Quatemary Geology, University of Lund), and the Harwell Carbon 14/Tritium Laboratory, AERE, England (samples marked HAR).
A minor carbonatite occurrence in southern West Greenland: the Tupertalik intrusion
Authors: Larsen L.M , Pedersen A.K
Published: June 2021

In addition to the two large carbonatite complexes of Cambrian age occurring in southern West Greenland, the Sarfartôq and Qaqarssuk complexes (Secher & Larsen, 1980; Gothenborg & Pedersen, 1975) a third small intrusion of carbonatite was found in 1971 during regional prospecting by Kryolitselskabet Øresund A/S. This intrusion is situated approximately 50 km east of the town Sukkertoppen, only 11 km north-north-west of the Qaqarssuk complex of which it may be regarded as a satellite (fig. 13). The outcrop measures only 500 m by 200 m. It is situated on a gently south-east sloping, relatively vegegation covered hillside in a depression between 800 m and 1000 m high mountains, the most prominent of which is Tupertalik ('the place with a tent') after which the intrusion is named.
Review of the Survey's activities in 1982
Authors: Ellitsgaard-Rasmussen K
Published: June 2021

In recent years there has been an increase in interest in the development of hydropower in the vicinity of the towns in Greenland. To meet this commitment GGU has had to expand its glaciological activity. Since existing knowledge of hydrological basins is insufficient to meet all the new requests, mass balance studies have been started at two additional glaciers - Buksefjord (64°), and Pakitsup ilordlia (69°) north of Jakobshavn. The existing projects at Johan Dahl Land in South Greenland and Qamanarssup sermia at the head of Godthåbsfjord are now in their fifth and third years of study, respectively. Landsat images have been used to help define basin sectors on the Inland Ice where the ice sheet forms lobes used in basin analyses. On a local basin in the region of Jakobshavn Isbræ a series of stakes has been set out extending from the edge of the Inland Ice to as far as 80 km inland, and up to an altitude of 1500 m above sea level.
Noritic rocks and associated nickel-copper-sulphide occurrences in Sukkertoppen district, central West Greenland
Authors: Secher K
Published: June 2021

Field work in 1982 included detailed mapping and collection of samples of sulphide occurrences in the so called 'norite belt', Sukkertoppen district. Several nickel-copper-sulphide mineralisations related to norite rocks are known from the work of Kryolitselskabet Øresund A/S who mapped this rock suite and carried out exploratory investigations of the sulphides (Nielsen, 1976). The earlier mapping has revealed a suite of metabasic plutonic rocks of mainly noritic composition which are situated in an arcuate belt, approximately 15 x 75 km, curving around the Finnefjeld gneiss complex east of Sukkertoppen (fig. 8). Metanorites are embedded in quartzo-feldspathic gneisses and rarely in amphibolitic rocks, and they occur as a series of irregular pods up to 6 km Iong within the arcuate belt. The present investigation was carried out as part of GGU's mineral resources mapping and evaluation programme in central West Greenland, which this year focussed on the area covered by the 1:250000 map sheet 65 V.2. The fieId work was carried out in dose cooperation with teams doing systematic reconnaissance geochemical stream-sediment and water sampling (to be discussed elsewhere), detailed soil geochemical investigation (Jensen & Secher, this report) and experimental geophysical investigations (Thorning, this report). The present work aimed at a general description of the structure and the metallogenetic behaviour of the known norite-related sulphide occurrences in order to reach an understanding of the mineral genesis within this section of the Archaean environment.
Uranium exploration in South Greenland
Authors: Armour-Brown A , Tukiainen T , Wallin B  , Bradshaw C , Emeleus C.H
Published: June 2021

FolIowing the promising reconnaissance results in 1979 and the finding of uranium and niobium mineralisation in 1980 (Armour-Brown et al., 1981), the Syduran project was extended under the Ministry of Energy's Research Programmes of 1981 and 1982 which has allowed one further fjeld season for folIowing up some of the more promising anomalies and uranium mineral occurrences. The main objectives of this season's work was firstly to initiate the detailed mapping of the U-Nb mineralised zones and the geology of the Motzfeldt Centre and secondly to locate the source of as many geochemical and gamma-spectrometer anomalies as possibie which occur in the Granite Zone and Migmatite Complex of South Greenland (fig. 21), at the same time as evaluating the appropriate exploration techniques in the different environments.
Archaean gneisses and supracrustal rocks of the Tingmiarmiut region, South-East Greenland
Authors: Escher J.C , Nielsen T.F.D
Published: June 2021

In August 1981 a mapping programme was initiated which aimed at the production of the 1:500000 geological map sheet of the Tingmiarmiut-Angmagssalik region (sheet No. 14) (Escher & Nielsen, 1982). In 1982 this programme was eontinued in the Tingmiarmiut Fjord region (fig. 27). Due to exceptionally bad ice conditions and other misfortunes enly a few Jays' work was carried out. As in 198 t, the logistic support was providcd by the GGU motor cutter K. J. V. Steenstrup and rubber dingies.
Origin of quartzo-feldspathic supracrustal rocks from the central part of the Nagssugtoqidian Mobile Belt of West Greenland
Authors: Rehkopff A
Published: June 2021

The Marranguit-Kangilerssua supracrustals constitute a sequence of variable supracrustallithologies intensely folded into surrounding orthogneisses and metamorphosed under granulite facies conditions. No field or petrographic evidence indicates the original nature of the individual supracrustal rock types. Fortynine samples from the quartzo-feldspathic part of the supracrustals have been analysed for major elements and the trace elements Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr and Ba. Ten different geochemical discrimination methods indicate that both metasedimentary and metaigneous material are present. The metaigneous rocks possess typical calc-alkaline differentiation trends and were originally extrusives. Mixing-zones between metasedimentary and metavolcanic material are interpreted as reflecting a pyroclastic nature of some of the metavolcanic rocks. The quartzo-feldspathic part of the M-K supracrustals is dominated by greywacke/lithic arenite with subordinate intercalations of mudstone and single layers or lensoid bodies of subarkose and sublithic arenite. The greywacke/lithic arenite grade into calc-alkaline pyroclastics, which vary in composition from rhyodacite to rhyolite. Associated quartz-andesitic and dacitic extrusives occur throughout the supracrustal formation, which in addition contains thin layers af limestone, basic and ultrabasic rocks. The supracrustals may be either Archaean or Proterozoic in age.
Biostratigraphic reconnaissance in the Lower Palaeozoic of western North Greenland
Authors: Dawes P.R , Peel J.S
Published: June 2021

Sections and fossil collections resulting from activities under Operation Grant Land 1965-66 in the Hall Land - Wulff Land region of western North Greenland are briefly discussed. Strongly tectonised Lower Cambrian to Silurian strata are present in the northern part of the area in association with the Wulff Land anticline and the Nyeboe Land fault zone. To the south, platform and deep-water trough sequences are generally little disturbed and strata range in age from Middle Ordovician to Late Silurian (Pridoli). Most stratigraphic units can be accommodated in stratigraphic schemes established in Washington Land, to the west, or Peary Land, to the east.
A late Archaean pegmatite dyke swarm from the Isukasia area, southern West Greenland
Authors: Baadsgaard H , Nutman A.P , Rosing M , Bridgwater D
Published: June 2021

The Isukasia area is dominated by early Archaean rocks that have been discussed extensively in the geological literature (Nutman et al., 1983). These rocks were deformed and recrystallised under amphibolite facies conditions during the late Archaean regional duetile deformation (Bridgwater et al., 1976; Nutman et al., 1983). The pegmatite dykes discussed here post-date this event but were succeeded by Proterozoic basic dykes, rare granitic sheets (Kalsbeek et al., 1980; Kalsbeek & Taylor, 1983), and then by Proterozoic faulting.
Geological mapping and mineral exploration in the Motzfeldt Centre of the Igaliko nepheline syenite complex, South Greenland
Authors: Tukiainen T
Published: June 2021

The mineral occurrences of the Motzfeldt Centre, discovered by the South Greenland regional uranium exploration programme (Armour-Brown et al., 1984, Tukiainen et al., 1984), are now being explored for their Nb and Ta potential under a project financed by the EEC's Resources and Raw Materials Programme and The Geological Survey of Greenland. Accompanying the mineral exploration several other investigations are being carried out, and there is a dose co-operation between the various groups working in the area. The 1984 field activities comprised geological mapping, geochemical and geophysical investigations, and mineral exploration. The field activities were supported by GGU's facilities at Narssarssuaq where Jørgen Lau acted as base camp manager. A Jet Ranger helicopter, chartered on an ad hoc basis from the Ice Reconnaissance Centre at Narssarssuaq, was used for camp moves, geological reconnaissance and servicing of the field teams. Despite the bad weather conditions which prevailed for most of the season the main objectives of the field work were achieved.
Glaciological investigations in 1984 at Tasersiaq Qapiarfiup sermia, West Greenland
Authors: Olesen O.B
Published: June 2021

As part of the GGU regional programme of hydropower investigations in West Greenland, glaciological and climatological investigations were continued at Tasersiaq basin (part of inventory basin SKT, G, 16, Sarfartoq-Tasersiaq), and glaciological measurements were made at Qapiarfiup serrnia (inventory number 1DBlO003) in 1984. At Qapiarfiup serrnia measurements were originally started in March 1981 while the permanent field station at Tasersiaq was first established in August of the same year (Olesen, 1982).
Glacier-climate investigations in 1984 at Qamanârssûp sermia, West Greenland
Authors: Braithwaite R.J
Published: June 2021

As part of the GGU programme of hydropower investigations in West Greenland, glaciological and climatological measurements were continued at Qamanârssûp serrnia (inventory number 1CH21002) in 1984. The station was first established in late summer 1979 so that records for five complete summers 1980-1984 are now available. Brief reports on the work have been given by Olesen (1981), Olesen & Braithwaite (1982), Braithwaite (1983a), and Braithwaite (1984). More detailed analyses and presentations of data can be found in Braithwaite & Olesen (1982) and Braithwaite (1983b) for the years 1979-1981 and 1982 respectively. A similar report for 1983-1984 is planned. As a supplement to the routine programme of measurements by GGU, mapping and survey work have also been carried out by Aarhus University, e.g. al: 10000 map of the lower part of the glacier by Knudsen & Møller (1982) and an analysis of ice velocity variations by Andreasen (1982). A sketch map of Qamanârssûp serrnia, showing locations of stakes and survey points, is given by Braithwaite (1983a).
Thin-skinned structures at the basin-shelf transition in North Greenland
Authors: Soper N.J , Higgins A.K
Published: June 2021

Description is given of the structural pattern in the southern part of the North Greenland fold belt between northern Nyeboe Land and Adolf Jensen Fjord. The structures prove to be of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust type with southeriy vergence, quite distinct from that of the north-verging, multiply deforrned orthotectonic zone to the north.
Quaternary geology of parts of central and western North Greenland: a preliminary account
Authors: Kelly M , Bennike O
Published: June 2021

The whole region, perhaps except for northem Nansen Land, was covered by the Inland Ice in ?pre-Eemian time. A much younger stage, characterised by fresh moraines at the fjord mouths and along Robeson Kanal, is assigned a Late Weichselian age. Deglaciation began c. 10 000 years B.P. Reworked pre-Holocene shelIs are rather common, and Holocene marine deposits occur sporadieally. The marine limit varies from Co 125 m to c. 60 m.