bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Low-Allergen Maternal Diet on Colic Among Breastfed Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Hill David J. , Roy Neil , Heine Ralf G. , Hosking Clifford S. , Francis Dorothy E. , Brown Jennifer , Speirs Bernadette , Sadowsky Joel , Carlin John B.
Published: November 2005

Background. There is controversy regarding whether hypersensitivity to food proteins contributes to colic among breastfed infants.

Methods. A randomized, controlled trial of a low-allergen maternal diet was conducted among exclusively breastfed infants presenting with colic. In the active arm, mothers excluded cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, and fish from their diet; mothers in the control group continued to consume these foods. Outcomes were assessed after 7 days, as the change in cry/fuss duration over 48 hours, with validated charts. The primary end point was a reduction in cry/fuss duration of ≥25% from baseline. Mothers also assessed the responses to diet with categorical and visual analog scales.

Results. Of 107 infants, 90 completed the trial (mean age: 5.7 weeks; range: 2.9–8.6 weeks; 54 male infants). Infants in both groups presented with significant distress (geometric mean: low-allergen group: 690 minutes per 48 hours; control group: 631 minutes per 48 hours). In follow-up assessments on days 8 and 9, there were significantly more responders in the low-allergen group (74% vs 37%), ie, an absolute risk reduction of 37% (95% confidence interval: 18–56%). Cry/fuss duration per 48 hours was reduced by a substantially greater amount in the low-allergen group; the adjusted geometric mean ratio was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.97), ie, an average reduction of 21% (95% confidence interval: 3–37%). Mothers' subjective assessments of the responses to diet indicated little difference between the groups.

Conclusion. Exclusion of allergenic foods from the maternal diet was associated with a reduction in distressed behavior among breastfed infants with colic presenting in the first 6 weeks of life.
Child Deaths Resulting From Inflicted Injuries: Household Risk Factors and Perpetrator Characteristics
Authors: Schnitzer Patricia G. , Ewigman Bernard G.
Published: November 2005

Objective. To determine the role of household composition as an independent risk factor for fatal inflicted injuries among young children and describe perpetrator characteristics.

Design, Setting, and Population. A population-based, case-control study of all children <5 years of age who died in Missouri between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 1999. Missouri Child Fatality Review Program data were analyzed. Cases all involved children with injuries inflicted by a parent or caregiver. Two age-matched controls per case child were selected randomly from children who died of natural causes.

Main Outcome Measure. Inflicted-injury death. Household composition of case and control children was compared by using multivariate logistic regression. We hypothesized that children residing in households with adults unrelated to them are at higher risk of inflicted-injury death than children residing in households with 2 biological parents.

Results. We identified 149 inflicted-injury deaths in our population during the 8-year study period. Children residing in households with unrelated adults were nearly 50 times as likely to die of inflicted injuries than children residing with 2 biological parents (adjusted odds ratio: 47.6; 95% confidence interval: 10.4–218). Children in households with a single parent and no other adults in residence had no increased risk of inflicted-injury death (adjusted odds ratio: 0.9; 95% confidence interval: 0.6–1.9). Perpetrators were identified in 132 (88.6%) of the cases. The majority of known perpetrators were male (71.2%), and most were the child's father (34.9%) or the boyfriend of the child's mother (24.2%). In households with unrelated adults, most perpetrators (83.9%) were the unrelated adult household member, and only 2 (6.5%) perpetrators were the biological parent of the child.

Conclusions. Young children who reside in households with unrelated adults are at exceptionally high risk for inflicted-injury death. Most perpetrators are male, and most are residents of the decedent child's household at the time of injury.
Review of Case-Control Studies Related to Breastfeeding and Reduced Risk of Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Guise Jeanne-Marie , Austin Donald , Morris Cynthia D.
Published: November 2005

Objective. To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the evidence for the effect of breastfeeding on the risk of developing childhood leukemia.

Review Methods. We sought studies providing data regarding the association of breastfeeding and occurrence of childhood leukemia. Studies were identified by using Medline, HHS Blueprint for Action on Breastfeeding, US Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women’s Health, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, National Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, reference lists, and national experts. Methodologic quality was evaluated for each study by using criteria from the US Preventive Services Task Force and the National Health Service Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.

Results. We reviewed 111 citations to identify 32 potentially eligible full-text articles. Of the 10 studies reviewed, only 4 were sufficient to provide at least fair-quality evidence regarding the association between maternal breastfeeding and childhood leukemia. Studies conflicted regarding the protective effect of breastfeeding on childhood leukemia. In the 2 largest and highest quality studies, breastfeeding was associated with a significant risk reduction in one study with longer breastfeeding duration, reflecting greater protection, and a nonsignificant but suggestive difference in the other. Taken together, half of the studies associated breastfeeding with a lower risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Conclusions. There are few high-quality studies that examine the potential for a protective effect of breastfeeding for childhood leukemia. Furthermore, the few studies that exist disagree regarding the association. It is estimated that the United States spends $1.4 billion annually on the treatment of childhood leukemia. Patients, clinicians, and policy makers do not have the data that they need to make decisions regarding this important potential preventive measure.
A Call for Improved Guidance to Integrate Modern Biomarkers Into Routine Clinical Care—Piecing the Puzzle Together
Authors: Dunn Catherine , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter
Published: February 2025

This Viewpoint describes the optimal approach to therapy selection for patients with cancer using biomarkers.
Smell Recovery After Platelet-Rich Plasma After Trauma-Induced Anosmia
Authors: Wang Esther , Patel Zara M.
Published: February 2025

This case report describes a 73-year-old male with a 45-year history of anosmia who underwent treatment of platelet-rich plasma injections to the olfactory cleft.
Cardiac‐Focused Multi‐Organ Chips: Advanced Disease Modeling, Drug Testing, and Inter‐Organ Communication
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Wang Yushen , Han Junlei , Zhao Weilong , Zhang Wenhong , Li Xinyu , Chen Jun , Song Wei , Wang Li
Published: February 2025

Heart disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge to global healthcare systems. Traditional animal models and cell culture techniques are instrumental in advancing the understanding of cardiac pathophysiology. However, these methods are limited in their ability to fully replicate the heart's intricate functions. This underscores the need for a deeper investigation into the fundamental mechanisms of heart disease. Notably, cardiac pathology is often influenced by systemic factors, with conditions in other organs contributing to disease onset and progression. Cardiac‐focused multi‐organ chip technology has emerged to better elucidate these complex inter‐organ communications and address the limitations of current in vitro models. This technology offers a novel approach by recreating the cardiac microenvironment and integrating it with other organ systems, thereby enabling more precise disease modeling and drug toxicity assessment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the heart's structure and function, explores the advancements in cardiac organ chip development, and highlights the applications of cardiac‐focused multi‐organ chips in medical research. Finally, the future potential of this technology in enhancing disease modeling and therapeutic evaluation is discussed.
Anti‐dissolving High Entropy Phosphorus Sulfide for Efficient and Durable Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Dai Yao , Tu Xueyang , Yue Kaihang , Wan Yingjie , Zhao Peng , Shi Xuerong , Huang Fuqiang , Yan Ya
Published: February 2025

Direct seawater electrolysis is a promising technology for massive green hydrogen production but is limited by the lack of durable and efficient electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a high entropy phosphorus sulfide (HEPS) is prepared as a high‐performance OER catalyst for seawater splitting through a simple vacuum high‐temperature sintering method. This catalyst needs overpotentials of merely 245 and 313 mV in alkalized seawater to deliver current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, and operates continuously for 1200 h in a practical electrolyzer with negligible activity decay, making it one of the best OER catalysts for seawater electrolysis reported to date. Detailed experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the excellent durability of HEPS originates from the P and S in the material is oxidized and forms an anionic protective layer to repel chloride ions, preventing further corrosion of the material. Meanwhile, the formed V2Ox species can effectively prevent the material from further oxidation. Further, a highly stable and efficient seawater electrolyzer is assembled with the HEPS anode and the Ru@C cathode to demonstrate the practicability of the catalysts.
From Salt in Water, Water in Salt to Beyond
Authors: Dong Dejian , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Zhang Xiyue , Wang Chunsheng
Published: February 2025

Traditional aqueous electrolytes have a limited electrochemical stability window due to the decomposition voltage of water (≈1.23 V). “Water‐in‐Salt” (WIS) electrolytes are developed, which expand the stability window of aqueous electrolytes from 1.23 to 3 V and sparked a global surge of research in aqueous batteries. This breakthrough revealed novel aspects of solvation structure, ion transport mechanisms, and interfacial properties in WIS electrolytes, marking the start of a new era in solution chemistry that extends beyond traditional dilute electrolytes and has implications across electrolyte research. In this review, the current mechanistic understanding of WIS electrolytes and their derivative designs, focusing on the construction of solvation structures is presented. The insights gained and limitations encountered in bulk solvation structure engineering is further discussed. Finally, future directions beyond WIS for advancing aqueous electrolyte design is proposed.
Polarization Manipulated Transmissive Structural Color Based on Dual Complementary Nanograting Cavities
Authors: Wang Chenqian , Cheng Xiguo , Tang Zeyang , Ren Zhenwei , Chen Yu , Hu Xin , Wang Chinhua
Published: February 2025

2D structural color metasurfaces have emerged as an ideal and sustainable alternative to chemical dyes due to their stability and environment‐friendly attributes. In this study, a polarization‐manipulated transmissive structural color based on dual complementary nanograting cavities (DC‐NGC) is proposed and experimentally validated. The DC‐NGC structure is implemented with Ag‐covered dielectric nano gratings sitting on a substrate with a thin dielectric and metallic film. It is found that not only strong polarization dependent and wavelength selective transmission occurs in the structure, but also an additional selective absorption under transverse magnetic (TM) incidence for high‐order transmission associated with the inherent multiple nanocavity resonant modes. These features make both high design flexibility and a rich color palette with a narrow linewidth possible. Experimental demonstrations are performed by validating the polarization‐dependent and wavelength‐selective behaviors, fabricating a color palette with varying structural parameters and three different vibrant and colorful patterns showcasing diverse colors under different polarization states. The proposed dual‐nanograting‐cavity color filter with versatile polarization colors and superior color purity holds significant potential in various applications, including full‐color filtering, display, and micro‐pattern anti‐counterfeiting.
Predictive Design to Determine Optimal Absorber Placement in Colloidal Photonic Crystals
Authors: Bleyer Gudrun , Nees Nico , Prohaska Florian , Pflug Lukas , Stingl Michael , Vogel Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Structural coloration abounds in nature and its remarkable optical effects are mimicked in synthetic photonic crystals and glasses. However, the color saturation of these synthetic structures is often diminished by incoherent scattering caused by defects and irregularities. The inclusion of absorbing materials increases color saturation, but where this absorber is most efficiently incorporated within a photonic structure remains unknown. Here, this question is addressed using predictive design. A mathematical structure optimization algorithm is developed that iteratively places absorbing particles within a colloidal photonic crystal until an optimal distribution that produces maximum chroma values is identified. This rigorous optimization shows that placement of the absorbing material in the bottom layers of the photonic structure is most efficient in producing highly chromatic structural colors compared to other common absorber placements. Experiments based on a layer‐by‐layer assembly of polystyrene@polydopamine core–shell particles with controlled absorber distribution confirm these findings. These results demonstrate the ability of predictive design to guide the experimental realization of structurally‐colored materials with optimal properties without the need for time‐ and resource‐consuming experimental parameter studies.
Efficient Confinement of Solid Capacity Booster Powder as Monolithic Structures for High Performance Redox Mediated Flow Batteries
Authors: Marin‐Tajadura Gimena , He Yi , Ruiz Virginia , Ventosa Edgar
Published: February 2025

Confinement of solid electroactive materials in the external reservoirs of Redox‐Mediated Flow Batteries (RMFB) is of critical importance for the development of this family of battery technologies. Herein, an efficient strategy that is based on a flow‐through configuration is proposed. Confinement of all solid particles in a single porous block (so‐called monolith) that occupies the entire reservoir brings practical and fundamental advantages. The improved flow distribution across the reservoir for the flow‐through configuration enables enhanced kinetics and utilization rates (twice the utilization rate in 20% shorter time). Pressure drop induced by the flow‐through configuration is easily reduced by changing the reservoir geometry becoming negligible in comparison to the drop induced by the cell (value for the monolith can be as low as 0.2% of the cell value). Additionally, determination of intrinsic properties of the steady monolith prior to its encapsulation enables knowing textural properties of the reservoir which are required for fundamental aspects. While ferrocyanide – Prussian Blue (redox mediator – solid booster) is used as model system here, the versatility of this strategy enables its implementation in other systems including future chemistries.
Gas hydrates in future food production: A comprehensive review of the potential of an emerging technology
Authors: Prah Benedict , Luzi Giovanni , Delgado Antonio , Cho Man‐gi
Published: February 2025

This review aims to explore the potential of hydrate technology, an emerging and innovative approach in the food and beverage sector for applications such as food preservation, carbonation, baking agents, and juice concentration. In particular, the latest advancements and limitations of hydrate technology are explored and discussed. Based on a collection of experimental and modeling data available elsewhere in literature, the dynamics of hydrate formation in the presence of food produce and beverages and their influence on growth kinetics, preservation, nutritional content, sensory qualities, and separation efficiency are discussed in detail. Furthermore, this review analyses thermodynamic and kinetic studies, modeling, and process engineering of hydrate technology. The goal is to bridge the gap between fundamental scientific insight and industrial‐scale adoption of gas hydrate utilization in food separation processes.
Ruthenium‐catalyzed reaction of dinitriles with primary alcohols for the synthesis of N‐alkylated cyclic β‐enaminonitriles
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhao Qiang , Su Shibin , Zhang Weiwei , Yao Yao , Wang Pei , Tang Dong , Zhou Pengjuan
Published: February 2025

A novel one‐pot synthetic approach for preparing N‐alkylated cyclic β‐enaminonitriles has been developed using readily available aliphatic dinitriles and primary alcohols. This method utilizes a Ru‐MACHO complex catalyst (1 mol%) in conjunction with a strong base and a nonpolar solvent, exhibiting a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The process is highly atom economic, producing water as the sole by‐produc. A range of N‐alkylated cyclic β‐enaminonitriles were synthesized in good to excellent yields, and the method was successfully scaled up to gram‐scale synthesis.
Synthesis of Chiral β‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐Amino Acid Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Racochote Sasirome , Kuhakarn Chutima , Leowanawat Pawaret , Chakarawet Khetpakorn , Reutrakul Vichai , Soorukram Darunee
Published: February 2025

A practical synthesis of chiral β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino acids is reported by using water as a reaction medium to facilitate the diastereoselective aza‐Michael addition of aromatic amines to chiral β‐trifluoromethyl‐α,β‐unsaturated oxazolidinone. A variety of aromatic amines could serve as a suitable nucleophile that readily undergo nucleophilic conjugate addition at ambient temperature to provide the corresponding β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino acid derivatives in excellent combined yields (up to 97 %) with moderate to good diastereoselectivities (up to 3 : 1). Being complementary to the precedent methods, this work offers the advantages, e. g., a green and environmentally friendly reaction medium, a stable and readily synthesized chiral starting material, and a simple and practical operation providing enantioenriched β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino acids which are found major applications in advanced organic synthesis and medicinal research field.
Three New Strategies to the Synthesis Of Structurally Diverse Dipyrrolobenzodiazepines. Bioactivity Evaluation
Authors: Zinoveva Anna D. , Podchufarova Valeria A. , Borisova Tatiana N. , Novikov Anton P. , Levitskaya Olga V. , Titov Alexander A. , Gaponenko Yana I. , Dang Thi Tuyet Anh , Thi Nhung Dao , Anh Le Tuan , Van Nguyen Tuyen , Varlamov Alexey V. , Voskressensky Leonid G.
Published: February 2025

Simple and efficient strategies have been developed for the synthesis of three structurally diverse dipyrrolo[1,2‐a : 2′,1′‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine (DPBD) derivatives. Firstly, two‐component reaction between 4‐aroylpyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]benzodiazepines and electron‐deficient internal alkynes in different conditions was applied to obtain isomeric geminal and vicinal DPBDs (gem and vic). Secondly, multicomponent synthesis from 2‐pyrrolylbenzylamine, arylglyoxal monohydrates and same alkynes led to the formation of other vicinal DPBDs (vic’). These transformations could be conducted under mild and metal‐free conditions to provide a number of dipyrrolo[1,2‐a : 2′,1′‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives in moderate to good yields. The in vitro biological activity of title compounds have been tested. Further physicochemical and pharmacokinetic computations also demonstrated the drug‐like characteristics of synthesized compounds. The cytotoxic activity IC50 27.59 (KB cell culture) as well as molecular docking with bromodomain‐containig protein 4 (BRD4) indicated the importance of dipyrrolobenzodiazepine moieties in the development of potential anticancer agents.
Development of an atherosclerosis rabbit model to evaluate the hemodynamic impact of extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Assmann Anna Kathrin , Buschmann Jan , Reimers Sinje , Karakas Aleyna , Weber Elvira , Aubin Hug , Lichtenberg Artur , Assmann Alexander
Published: February 2025

Background

Aortic atherosclerosis increases the risk of embolic events under extracorporeal circulation (ECC). To evaluate the hemodynamic impact of ECC on atheromatous plaques, an atherosclerosis animal model, which is also eligible for ECC, is required.

Methods

Twenty‐nine New Zealand White rabbits received a pro‐atherosclerotic diet (group diet, n = 10), a pro‐atherosclerotic diet and additional intraaortic balloon insufflation injury (group BI, n = 9), or served as controls (n = 10). After 3 or 6 months, aortic explants were analyzed by (immuno‐)histology and RT‐PCR.

Results

Blood serum analyses revealed increased cholesterol‐levels in groups diet and BI compared to controls (3 months: p = 0.03 each, 6 months: p < 0.0001 each). Aortic inflammatory infiltration was significantly enhanced in groups diet (CD3 at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.02; CD68 at 3 months: p = 0.01) and BI (CD3 at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.03; CD68 at 3 months: p = 0.04, 6 months: p = 0.02). Increased intima hyperplasia occurred in both groups (p < 0.0001 each). Macroscopic analyses after 3 and 6 months showed ubiquitous lumen‐narrowing aortic plaques. Calcification of the intima and media was increased in groups diet (intima: p < 0.0001 at 3 and 6 months; media at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.01) and BI (intima: p < 0.0001 at 3 and 6 months; media at 3 months: p < 0.0001, 6 months: p = 0.02). Extensive lipid accumulation was found in the intima in both treatment groups (p < 0.0001 each).

Conclusions

A rabbit model with high aortic calcific plaque burden—diet‐induced with no implicit need of an additional intimal injury by an intraaortic balloon insufflation due to comparable outcome—exhibiting multiple pathophysiological aspects of human atherosclerosis has been designed and thoroughly characterized. It is suitable for use in future studies on the interaction between atherosclerotic plaques and the arterial blood flow under ECC.
Desymmetrization of 1,4‐Diynes by Allylic Alcohol‐Triggered Redox Enyne Cycloisomerization
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Lin Wenxuan , Hui Yeh Chia , Lan Yu , Zhao Yu
Published: February 2025

We report herein an unprecedented desymmetrization of 1,4‐diynes via a Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric redox cycloisomerization. This method adopts allylic alcohol‐containing diynes and provides efficient access to multi‐functional pyrrolidines and tetrahydrofurans in high to excellent stereoselectivities. Mechanistic studies highlighted an innovative catalytic pathway that differs from the classical enyne cycloisomerization and involves initiation at the allylic alcohol moiety. Diverse derivatizations of the heterocyclic products including intriguing skeletal rearrangements have also been demonstrated.
Redirecting On‐surface Cycloaddition Reactions in a Self‐assembled Ordered Molecular Array on Graphite
Authors: Huang Yu Li , Yang Ke , Yang Jing , Duan Sisheng , Wang Yihe , Sun Mingyue , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Yang Ming , Wee Andrew Thye Shen
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of atomically precise carbon nanostructures in ultra‐high vacuum has seen extensive progress on metal surfaces. However, this remains challenging on chemically inert surfaces. It is because the thermally activated C−C coupling encounters a severe “desorption problem” on weakly interacting substrates. In this study, we report an extraordinary [2+2]+[2+2] cycloaddition triggered by mild annealing (~210°C) in a highly ordered π‐conjugated molecular array on graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy. In contrast to irregular dendritic fragments typically obtained on metal substrates, large supramolecular islands are observed here with cycloaddition products and other polymers over 30 %, which are embedded as defective individuals or chains (grain boundaries). First‐principles calculations reveal that the energy barriers of the multiple dehydrohalogenation and cycloaddition reactions are reduced by catalytic Fe atoms but remain energetically unfavorable. A distinct driving mechanism is proposed for redirecting the reactions on graphite surface, where additional intermolecular coupling, steric hindrance, and interfacial interactions play significant roles. This study introduces a new paradigm for understanding on‐surface synthesis on non‐metal substrates.
Integrating Two Photochromics into One Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Synergistically Enhancing Multiple Photocatalytic Oxidations
Authors: Xing Ling‐Bao , Cheng Ke , Li Hailian , Niu Kaikai , Luan Tian‐Xiang , Kong Shuo , Yu William W. , Li Pei‐Zhou , Zhao Yanli
Published: February 2025

While photocatalytic oxidations are a category of important reactions in wide chemical synthesis, the fabrication of effective photocatalysts for broad oxidation reactions is still of a great challenge. Herein, by rationally integrating two photochromics, porphyrin and triphenylamine, a three‐dimensional photoactive covalent organic framework (COF) is successfully constructed for photocatalytic oxidations. Characterization studies not only show the formation of a crystalline and three‐dimensional porous framework, but also reveal its effective photochemical semiconductor properties derived from the porphyrin and triphenylamine moieties. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements indicate that the COF is an effective photocatalyst for the generation of both singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical anions (⋅O2−). Synergistically enhanced efficiency in all photocatalytic reactions of photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzenes and silanes as well as thioanisoles, and cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction of N‐phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline and indole is confirmed by both experimental and theoretical studies, demonstrating its promising potential for broad photocatalytic oxidation reactions.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Typical Bisphenol Compounds Using Zr‐NiFe2O4@ZIF‐67/ZIF‐8 in Collaboration With Peroxydisulfate/Peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Wu Yawen , Hou Xueying , Li Ao , Li Ruijian , Yang Qingqing , Jiang Shaohua , Hu Jing yu , You Qingliang , Guo Rui
Published: February 2025

As the amount of tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) that causes potential adverse effects on human health in the environment is continually increasing. It is therefore important to develop new materials for the adsorption or degradation of these compounds using various techniques. In this study, two novel magnetic recyclable composite catalysts Zr–NiFe2O4@ZIF‐67 and Zr–NiFe2O4@ZIF‐8 were synthesized. These catalysts degraded tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) in water by activating peroxydisulfate (PDS)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), respectively. The results show that the Zr–NiFe2O4@ZIF‐67‐5%/LED/(NH4)2S2O8 system can degrade 95% of TCBPA (20 mg/L) within 30 min, whereas the Zr–NiFe2O4@ZIF‐8‐10%/LED/KHSO5 system degrades 90% of TCBPA within 30 min. In instances of metal leaching at low concentrations, nickel and iron ions declined to 0.008 mg·L−1, TCBPA exhibits highly efficient and sustainable catalytic properties, maintaining over 80% efficacy across six cycles. The online infrared test experiment results showed the major functional groups disappearing within approximately 130 s. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance and free‐radical‐quenching experiments showed that SO4˙−, ˙OH, 1O2, and O2˙− were involved in the degradation of TCBPA. The possible degradation paths are isomerization polymerization, dechlorination, hydroxylation, ring‐opening by oxidation, and further transformation into small molecules of acids, aldehydes, alcohols and other compounds. Thus, in this study, a reliable technique for the degradation of halogenated bisphenol compounds is developed. Overall, the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water utilizing polymetallic composites as catalysts represents an innovative approach to water treatment, demonstrating enhanced catalytic activity and recyclability, with promising prospects for significant advancements in both theoretical research and practical applications.
A Cubic Heptanuclear Cobalt(II) Bis(Salamo)‐Type Cluster: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Studies
Authors: Na Li‐Ping , Liu Le‐Le , Chen Rui , Niu Hao‐Ying , Chen Chen , Wang Li , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: February 2025

A cube‐like heptanuclear cobalt(II) cluster single crystals, namely, [Co7(L)2(μ3‐OCH3)2(μ3‐OH)4](ClO4)2, was successfully grown up by reacting of a bis(salamo)‐type ligand H3L containing two N2O2 coordination cavities with Co(NO3)2·6H2O using natural volatilization method. Single‐crystal analysis displayed that the cobalt(II) cluster is a heptanuclear cobalt(II) cluster. In this paper, the UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of H3L and its cobalt(II) cluster have been investigated. Through Hirshfeld surface analyses, the intermolecular interactions on the molecular surfaces are visually presented, and the contributions of each interaction to the intermolecular surface interactions are quantified by two‐dimensional fingerprints. DFT calculation and MEP analyses have been used to investigate the electronic structures and coordination sites of the cobalt(II) cluster.
Green Synthesis of New Water‐Soluble Nickel (II) and Copper (II) Mixed‐Ligand Complexes: Characterization, DFT, In Vitro Biological Evaluation, and COVID‐19 Molecular Docking
Authors: Khalaf Mai M. , Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Taha Amro Ahmed , Abdou Aly
Published: February 2025

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and bioevaluation of novel water‐soluble nickel (NiMNPSCA) and copper (CuMNPSCA) mixed‐ligand complexes. The complexes were synthesized in aqueous media using Ni (II) or Cu (II), sodium salicylate (SCA), and a Schiff base derived from 2‐hydroxy naphthaldehyde (MNP). Comprehensive characterization was achieved using UV–vis, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and thermal and magnetic techniques. Both complexes exhibited exceptional thermal stability (melting points > 300°C), water solubility, and 1:1 electrolyte behavior. Structurally, NiMNPSCA adopts a tetrahedral geometry, while CuMNPSCA features an octahedral arrangement. Quantum chemical analyses revealed a narrower energy gap (ΔE = 3.06 eV) and a higher electrophilicity index (ω = 9.66) for CuMNPSCA, suggesting superior chemical reactivity and biological potential. Both complexes demonstrated significantly enhanced antibacterial, antifungal, and anti‐inflammatory activities compared to their free ligands, with CuMNPSCA showing efficacy comparable to standard agents in both antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory applications. Notably, CuMNPSCA exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory activity, achieving the highest inhibition rate and an IC50 value competitive with ibuprofen. Molecular docking studies reinforced these findings, highlighting the strong binding affinities of CuMNPSCA to dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS, PDB ID: 5JQ9; −8.00 kcal/mol), cyclooxygenase (COX, PDB ID: 6COX; −9.80 kcal/mol), and the SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro, PDB ID: 6LU7; −7.60 kcal/mol). Detailed interaction analysis revealed that metal coordination significantly enhanced the complexes' stability and binding efficacy through hydrogen bonds, π‐π stacking, and π‐cation interactions. This work positions NiMNPSCA and CuMNPSCA as highly promising candidates for antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti‐inflammatory drug development, with CuMNPSCA emerging as a standout compound with strong therapeutic potential. Its multifaceted bioactivity, combined with robust structural stability and reactivity, underscores its potential as a versatile therapeutic agent, particularly in antimicrobial resistance and anti‐COVID‐19 strategies.
Influence of Bi2O3 Concentration on Optical and Gamma Ray Shielding Properties of BaTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Nodagala Ramakumar , Ponnada Tejeswara Rao
Published: February 2025

This study elaborated on the influence of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3, Bi) on optical and radiation shielding properties of Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) when added with different wt% concentrations. To study these properties, BaTiO3–xBi2O3; x = 0,2,4,6 and 8 wt% ceramics samples were fabricated via solid state reaction method. The optical properties of prepared samples were inspected with the help of the UV–Vis technique. The absorption coefficient increased while transmittance decreased with increasing the wt% of Bi content. Samples show a decrement in indirect optical bandgap values from 3.44 to 3.35 eV while direct bandgap from 3.19 to 3.02 eV when Bi content increases from x = 0 wt% to 8 wt%. The other optical parameters, such as Urbach energy, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and dielectric constant, were also calculated. The FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) technique was used to identify the homogeneity in the samples. The prepared samples were tested at 356, 511, 600, 1173, 1275, and 1333 keV energies to estimate radiation shielding properties with radioactive sources 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, and 60Co. As Bi content increased in prepared samples, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) increased. At energy 356 keV, the observed MAC values are 12.685, 12.983, 13.282, 13.58, and 13.898 cm2/g while at 1333 keV, the values noticed as 5.054, 5.066, 5.079, 5.091, and 5.103 cm2/g as Bi content increased from x = 0 wt% to x = 8 wt%. Both atomic cross‐section (ACS) and electronic cross‐section (ECS) were calculated. ACS values are improved from 9.825 to 11.1967 barn/atom while the ECS values enhanced from 3.8949 to 4.0226 barn/electron at 356 keV as Bi content increased from x = 0 wt% to x = 8 wt%. This similar trend was observed at other energies (511, 600, 1173, and 1275 keV) for all prepared samples. The theoretical values obtained from Phy‐X/PSD software were compared with calculated values and found a close agreement between them. From results, it was clear that prepared samples showed enhanced optical and radiation shielding properties when Bi content increased in BTO ceramics.
A Novel Impedance Platform Based on Printed Polymer Electrodes for Automated Virus Neutralization Assays
Authors: Michaelis Stefanie , Germann Anja , Schäfer Marcus , Jungmann Jannik , Mildner Anne‐Kathrin , Riemann Iris , Bast Saskia , Knoll Thorsten , Wagner Sylvia , Kottkamp Eike , Baasner Daniel , Anczykowski Boris , Wegener Joachim
Published: February 2025

Cell‐based neutralization assays are of central importance for the development of new vaccine candidates as well as quality assurance of already approved vaccines. Suppression of viral infection by neutralizing antibodies present in serum of vaccinated individuals serves as an indicator for efficacy of a vaccine. Established readouts used to date are hardly automated, provide no time resolution and require expensive reagents. These shortcomings are limiting factors in vaccine development. In contrast, when virus‐compatible host cells are grown on multi‐electrode arrays, the cellular infection state and the associated cell response are assessable by impedance measurements. Unlike endpoint assays, the host cell response is followed continuously in real time, label‐free and noninvasively. Here, a sensor platform comprising hardware, software and disposable electrode arrays is described suitable for fully automated cell‐based neutralization assays tailored for high throughput screening campaigns. To develop cost‐effective, disposable electrode arrays for impedance measurements, we screen printed film electrodes made from conducting polymers on the bottom of multi‐well plates. The polymer electrodes were characterized for their host cell compatibility and readout performance in comparison to established gold‐film electrodes. Hard‐ and software were tailored for robust and routine use in virological assays. Virus titration, virus neutralization as well as antiviral drug (Efavirenz) intervention studies were conducted using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes or the Env HIV‐1 infectious molecular clones Ce1176 and X1632 as viral model systems. The assays showed very similar analytical performance in terms of titration curves and dose–response relationships for polymer electrodes compared to commercial gold‐film electrode arrays and reporter‐based endpoint assays. Considering their technical advantages over established assays, impedance readings based on low‐cost polymer electrode arrays may become an attractive alternative to conventional assays using luminescent or colorimetric readouts.
Mixed‐Age Releases of the Endangered Pinto Abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) to Maximize Hatchery Production and Survival in the Wild
Authors: Sowul Kathleen A. , Bouma Joshua V. , Carson Henry S. , Frierson Taylor N. , Loose Emily L. , O'Brien Caitlin S. , Stevick Bethany C.
Published: February 2025

The Washington State recovery programme for endangered pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) relies on captive breeding. From 2009 to 2017, juveniles from wild parent crosses were released after an average of 20 months in the hatchery (average size 24 mm), and the results of a mark‐recapture experiment suggested that size‐at‐release was not important to survival. The results of a pilot study suggested that abalone released at 9‐month age survived at similar rates to previous releases at 20 months but that there was a significant cost to growth and survival for the 14‐month releases. From 2019 to 2022, an average of 7000 mixed‐age juveniles were released on a different subset of 24 restoration sites each year. Larger individuals (> 5 mm) from each family were released at 9 months (first years), with the remainder held in the hatchery to be released at 20 months (second years). The resulting survival at successful sites from 9‐ to 32‐month age was 0.6%–6.1% for first years and 0.6%–4.5% for second years. In two out of three trials, there was little or no evidence of reduced survival or growth as a result of releasing almost a year early. When combined with the cost savings of rearing animals for a shorter duration, possible benefits to growth, reduction in hatchery acclimatization or selection, better rotation of hatchery resources and culture space and mixing 2 years of genetic crosses into one release, we suggest that mixed‐age releases are the most efficient way forward for the conservation of pinto abalone.
Semiconductor‐Bimetallic Plasmonic Heterojunction ZnO−Ag−Cu as Reusable SERS Substrate with Attomolar Detection Limit
Authors: Behera Rojalin , Nag Amit
Published: February 2025

Semiconductor‐bimetallic ZnO−Ag−Cu (ZAC) heterojunction of different compositions were fabricated as highly sensitive SERS substrates. ZnO nanorods were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal route. ZAC composites were synthesized via impregnation method by keeping ZnO content same and varying the mole fractions of Ag and Cu. The ZnO matrix, known for its stability and photocatalytic properties, was decorated with Ag and Cu nanoparticles to enhance plasmonic activity and boost SERS. Introducing semiconductor oxide as SERS substrate reduces the substrate cost due to its self‐cleaning property upon exposure to UV light. When SERS activity of ZAC composites were compared with either ZnO−Ag (ZA) or ZnO−Cu (ZC) composites, the best SERS performance was recorded with ZAC55, where the Ag and Cu content are same. ZAC55 produced a SERS enhancement factor of 6.2×10⁶ and a limit of detection of 10−18 M and 10−15 M for the analyte molecules Rhodamine 6 G (R6G) and Methylene Blue (MB), respectively, using 532 nm laser excitation. The enhanced SERS performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of ZnO, Ag, and Cu, unveiling ZAC55 as a promising next‐generation SERS substrate. Along with remarkable sensitivity, ZAC55 showed promising reusability and reproducibility, indicating its potential for practical applications in chemical sensing.
Investigating Lithium Segregation in Nickel‐Rich Layered Oxides via Atom Probe Tomography and its Impact on Performance
Authors: Reddy Peddi Mahender , Natarajan Sasikala , Macha Nagini , Gopalan Raghavan , Moodakare Sahana B
Published: February 2025

Nickel‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) is a promising alternative to LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 (NMC) with x + y≤0.2, providing high specific energy and power density, making it ideal for long‐range electric vehicles. However, the formation of surface residual impurities and extreme sensitivity to moisture are detrimental to the large‐scale synthesis and electrochemical performance of NCA. This paper investigates the formation of Li2CO3 surface impurities and the elemental distribution of lithium within the secondary particle in NCA synthesized with different lithium‐to‐transition metal ratios. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of Li2CO3 on the surface of NCA prepared with 3 % excess lithium. Atom probe tomography (APT) analysis of the particle interior confirms the absence of carbonaceous products within the hierarchical structure. Instead, it reveals the segregation of lithium ions into discrete regions, which leads to the poor electrochemical performance of NCA synthesized with excess Li. Upon storage, the structural and electrochemical deterioration is more pronounced in NCA with a 3 % excess of lithium than the one prepared without excess lithium, as confirmed by XRD, Raman imaging, and electrochemical galvanostatic charge‐discharge testing.
Transarterial Chemoembolization With or Without Systemic Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Guo Chengxiang , Du Weiran , Chen Yiwen , Xiao Wenbo , Sun Ke , Shen Yan , Zhang Min , Wu Jian , Gao Shunliang , Yu Jun , Que Risheng , Xue Xing , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Standard treatments provide limited benefits for patients with intermediate‐ or advanced‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective observational study aimed to assess the potential improvements in outcomes associated with systemic therapies in patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for initially unresectable HCC.

Methods

Between February 2019 and March 2023, we reviewed patients diagnosed with intermediate‐to‐advanced HCC who were treated with either TACE or TACE combined with antiangiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (combination therapy) as their initial treatment. To address potential confounding biases, patients were further stratified into surgical and non‐surgical cohorts, and separate analyses were conducted. The primary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with safety profiles also evaluated.

Results

Among 279 patients with initially unresectable intermediate or advanced HCC, 156 successfully underwent curative‐intent liver resection after preoperative treatments (TACE group, n = 69; combination group, n = 87), while 123 patients continued with non‐surgical treatments (TACE group, n = 31; combination group, n = 92). After propensity score matching, 26 matched patient pairs were generated within the non‐surgical cohort. The combination group exhibited significantly improved PFS in non‐surgical patients compared with the TACE group (9.4 vs. 7.2 months, p = 0.043). Cox proportional hazards analysis further confirmed that combination therapy was associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio = 0.476, 95% confidence interval: 0.257–0.883, p = 0.019). For surgical patients exceeding the up‐to‐seven criteria, the combination group demonstrated superior median PFS (18.0 vs. 14.6 months, p = 0.03) and OS (not reached vs. 50.1 months, p = 0.049) compared with the TACE group. Adverse events were manageable, with no treatment‐related fatalities reported.

Conclusion

Combination therapy with TACE demonstrated enhanced survival benefits for patients with intermediate to advanced HCC, particularly in surgical patients with higher tumor burdens.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Selenium Nanoparticles From Tussilago farfara L. Polysaccharides: Antioxidant Properties and MCF‐7 Cell Inhibition
Authors: Guo Ke , Yang Xinxin , Wang Jin , Chang Wei , Liu Simei , Zhang Siqi , Zhang Tingting , Yan Hao , Yan Yafeng , Wang Jie , Chen Xiping , Yu Churong , Wang Guoquan , Zhao Peng
Published: February 2025

The present study reports the synthesis of selenium nanocomplexes (Se‐TFPs) using purified polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L. (coltsfoot). It evaluates its structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and inhibitory effects of Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) breast cancer cells. The influence of processing conditions on nanoparticle size and stability at 25°C was assessed using particle size and zeta potential measurements. The Se‐TFPs were synthesized by optimizing the processing conditions via response surface methodology, yielding nanoparticles with a selenium (Se)‐to‐polysaccharide mass ratio of 1:13.5, a Se‐to‐ascorbic acid molar ratio of 1:4.5, a selenite concentration of 10.7 mM, and a reaction time of 4.4 h. The resulting Se‐TFPs had an average particle size of 107.2 nm and a zeta potential of −35.1 mV. Structural and physicochemical analyses confirmed successful nanoparticle formation. Compared to TFPs, Se‐TFPs exhibited significantly enhanced scavenging activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion radicals. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, flow cytometry, and cell cycle apoptosis analysis revealed that Se‐TFPs effectively inhibited MCF‐7 cell proliferation at the S phase, with an IC50 value of 119.62 µg/mL.
New Polyketides From Trichoderma harzianum and Their Antifungal Activity
Authors: Zhou Chengzeng , Pan Jiayu , Ge Yichao , Wu Xiaodan , Wu Bin
Published: February 2025

Chemical investigation of the marine‐derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum ZN‐4 led to the isolation and identification of seven new secondary metabolites, harzianolides K–Q (1–7). The complete structures of seven new compounds were determined by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses coupled with electronic circular dichroism calculations. The seven isolates were inactive as antibacterial and antitumor agents. However, harzianolides K (1), L (2), M (3) and O (5) exhibited weak to moderate anti‐Pestalotiopsis theae activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values at the range of 25–100 µg/mL.
Lockdown's effect on memory and mental wellbeing based on age and gender
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

Lockdown under COVID‐19, involving children in an effort to prevent transmission of the virus, had negative effects on the children's emotional wellbeing afterward, even though they didn't remember all of the details. It turned out that the younger the child, the less likely depression was to ensue due to the way memory works at different ages, and also due to having less information about the pandemic.