bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTIVIDAD Y COSTO DEL CORTE DE ÁRBOLES COM FELLER BUNCHER EN PLANTACIONES DE EUCALYPTUS
Authors: Acosta Fidel Cándano , Laroca Jackeline Vieira dos Santos , Santos Olga Iris Viñas , Pereira da Silva João Paulo
Published: August 2024

El trabajo fue realizado en plantaciones de Eucaliptus urograndis en el estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. El objetivo fue determinar los indicadores técnicos y económicos del corte de árboles. Se realizó un estudio sobre la dinámica de trabajo de la operación con la máquina cortadora-apiladora (feller-buncher), tomando información sobre el tiempo del ciclo operacional, el volumen de producción, consumo de combustibles, lubricantes y otras informaciones es proporcionadas por el propietario de la máquina. Para el estudio de tiempo fue utilizado el cronometraje directo durante toda la jornada de trabajo y para el cálculo de los costos fue empleada la metodología propuesta por Sessions (1992). El resultado dela productividad efectiva fue de 113,66 m3 he-1, el costo operacional de 89,37 USD h-1 y el costo de producción de 0,79 USD m-3.Palavras-chave: Cosecha de madera, mecanización forestal, operaciones forestales. PRODUCTIVITY AND COST OF TREES CUT WITH FELLER-BUNCHER IN EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION ABSTRACTThe work was done in Eucalyptus urograndis plantations in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The objective was to determine the technical and economic indicators of trees cut. The study on the working dynamics of the operation with the feller-buncher, taking information about the time the operational cycle, the volume of production, consumption of fuel, lubricants and other information provided by the owner was conducted of the machine. For the study time was used direct timing throughout the workday and for calculating costs was used proposed by Sessions (1992) methodology. The result identified a effective productivity 113,66 m³ he-1, the operational cost of 89,37USD.h-1 and the production cost of 0,79 USD m-3.Keywords: timber harvesting, forestry mechanization, forestry operations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n03a11
MICRONUTRIENTES NA SERAPILHEIRA DEPOSITADA EM FLORESTAS SECUNDÁRIAS NO LITORAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Bianchin Jonas Eduardo , Marques Renato , Blum Hilbert , Oliva Elaine Vivian , Donha Cristine Gobel , Silveira Fabiana Medeiros , Dalmaso Cilmar Antonio , Müller Francihele Cardoso , Vargas Giovanno Radel
Published: August 2024

Os micronutrientes são muito importantes na manutenção da fertilidade do solo, sendo sua deposição via serapilheira em Floresta Atlântica ainda pouco estudada. Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a concentração e o aporte de micronutrientes na serapilheira depositada em áreas secundárias da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana em Antonina, PR. A serapilheira foi coletada em três parcelas em diferentes estágios de sucessão secundária, separada em frações e folhas de espécies conhecidas, seca e pesada para realização das análises químicas de Cu, Mn, Fe e Zn. A ordem de concentração dos micronutrientes foi Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn, com teores de Mn e Fe relativamente altos. Entre as frações, houve grande variação nos teores de micronutrientes, sendo que a concentração de Cu foi maior nos ramos e miscelânea, o teor de Fe foi maior nas folhas e na miscelânea, o Mn foi superior nos ramos e o Zn foi maior nos ramos e folhas. Houve grande variação nos teores nas estações do ano, sem tendência definida. Os teores de Cu e Fe foram menores na FS-2, enquanto o Zn não apresentou tendência definida. O teor de Mn aumentou com o avanço da sucessão secundária, o que indica bioacumulação deste elemento no solo florestal.Palavras-chave: ciclagem de micronutrientes, Floresta Atlântica, serapilheira, sucessão florestal. MICRONUTRIENTS IN LITTER DEPOSITED IN A SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENTE OF ATLANTIC RAIN FOREST IN PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL ABSTRACTMicronutrients are very important in the maintenance of soil fertility, and their deposition through litter in the Atlantic Forest is still little studied. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and input of micronutrients by litterfall in secondary areas of Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest in Antonina, PR. The litter was collected in three plots at different stages of secondary succession, separated into fractions and leaves of selected species, dried and weighed to perform the chemical analysis of Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn. The concentration order of the micronutrients was Mn > Fe > Cu > Zn, with relatively high Mn and Fe contents. Among of litter fractions, there was a great variation in the micronutrient contents, where the concentration of Cu was higher in the branches and miscellaneous, the Fe content was higher in the leaves and in the miscellaneous, the Mn was superior in the branches and the Zn was higher in the branches and leaves. There was a great variation in the contents of the seasons of the year, with no defined trend. Cu and Fe contents were lower in FS-2, while Zn showed no particular trend. Mn content increased with forest sucession suggesting bioaccumulation of Mn in the forest soil.Keywords: micronutrient cycling, Atlantic Forest, litterfall, forest succession. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n06a11
EFICIÊNCIA DE PRESERVANTES FUNGICIDAS EM MADEIRAS DE DUAS ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS SUBMETIDAS À DETERIORAÇÃO POR FUNGO
Authors: Gallio Ezequiel , Gatto Darci Alberto , Lazarotto Marília , Beltrame Rafael
Published: August 2024

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de produtos fungicidas na preservação de madeiras de Eucalyptus dunnii e Pinus elliottii. Para isso, corpos de prova de 2,5 x 2,5 x 0,9cm (tangencial x radial x longitudinal), foram impregnados com borato de cobre cromatado (CCB), piretróides sintéticos e carbamatos (PSC) e quelato de cobre e carbamatos (QCC), com concentrações de 2%, 4% e 6% por processo de vácuo-pressão. Avaliou-se a perda de massa e variação na dureza Janka e teor de umidade devido deterioração provocada pelo fungo de podridão branca Ganoderma applanatum. A perda de massa foi de 4,6% para o Eucalyptus dunnii e 11,9% para o Pinus elliottii. A deterioração elevou o teor de umidade e reduziu a dureza. Para ambas as espécies, observou-se correlação alta, diretamente proporcional e significativa para a perda de massa e teor de umidade. Já a relação entre a perda de massa e a dureza foi inversamente proporcional para ambas as espécies, sendo alta e significativa para o Eucalyptus dunnii, e não significativa para o Pinus elliottii. Concluiu-se que o princípio ativo de destaque frente aos demais foi o PSC, com concentração de 6% e que a perda de massa influenciou as outras propriedades.Palavras-chave: podridão branca, preservação da madeira, propriedades tecnológicas.EFFICIENCY OF PRESERVATIVES FUNGICIDES IN TWO FOREST WOODS SPECIES SUBMITTED TO FUNGUS DETERIORATION ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of fungicide products in the Eucalyptus dunnii and Pinus elliottii wood preservation. For this, 2.5 x 2.5 x 0.9 cm (tangential x radial x longitudinal) specimens were impregnated with chromated copper borate (CCB), synthetic pyrethroids and carbamates (PSC), and copper chelate and carbamates(QCC) at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%, by vacuum-pressure process. It was evaluated the mass loss, and variation in Janka hardness and moisture content because the deterioration caused by the white rot fungus Ganoderma applanatum. The mass loss was 4.6% for Eucalyptus dunnii and 11.9% for Pinus elliottii. The deterioration increased the moisture content and reduced the hardness. For both species, a high and directly proportional and significant correlation was observed for mass loss and moisture content. However, the relationship between mass loss and hardness was inversely proportional to both species, being high and significant for Eucalyptus dunnii, and not significant for Pinus elliottii. It was concluded that the main active principle in relation to the others was the PSC, with concentration of 6% and that the mass loss influenced the other properties.Keywords: white rot, wood preservation, technological properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n06a09
COMPOSTAGEM DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS PROVENIENTES DO RESTAURANTE DO IFMA - CAMPUS CODÓ
Authors: Lopes Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma , Pereira Álvaro Itauna Schalcher , Júnior Wady Lima Castro , Oliveira Luciana dos Santos , Xavier Rosinete dos Santos , Silva Thaine Teixeira , Silva Lana Fernanda Borges da , Costa Denise Arrais da Silva , Cantanhede Erika de Kássia Pereira
Published: August 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência do processo de compostagem, no reaproveitamento das sobras alimentares do restaurante do IFMA - Campus Codó, em virtude da valorização da qualidade do adubo orgânico. O sistema experimental de compostagem foi conduzido durante os meses 05/11 a 01/12 no IFMA - Campus Codó. A utilização do material orgânico proveniente do restaurante foi composta por resíduos/desperdícios alimentar, folhas, sabugos, bagaços, dentre outros. As camadas constituintes da pilha do composto foram feitas com 1,5 m de largura, 1,5 m de comprimento e 2,0 m de altura no período de aproximadamente 70 dias. No período de amadurecimento da pilha, a mesma foi revirada periodicamente realizando-se coleta de amostras para a caracterização química em relação ao pH, temperatura, volume, macronutrientes, e micronutrientes com coletas de dados a cada 20 dias. Na utilização de resíduos vegetais como substratos observou-se que a redução de volume obedecia a um comportamento quadrático, ou seja, redução acentuada nas primeiras semanas de empilhamento, seguida de desaceleração gradual até o fim do processo. O índice de pH, a temperatura e a relação C/N encontrados no sistema experimental de compostagem foram parâmetros que garantiram a eficiência do composto vegetal quando aplicados diretamente ao solo.Palavras-chave: material vegetal, eficiência, empilhamento. COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES FROM RESTAURANT OF IFMA- CAMPUS CODÓ ABSTRACT:The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of the composting process, in the reuse of food leftovers from the IFMA - Campus Codó restaurant, due to the valorization of organic fertilizer quality. The experimental composting system was conducted during the months 05/11 to 01/12 at the IFMA - Campus Codó. The use of organic material from the restaurant was composed of food waste, food waste, leaves, sabugo, bagasse, among others. The composite layers of the compost stack were made 1.5 m wide, 1.5 m long and 2.0 m high in the period of approximately 70 days. In the period of maturation of the cell, it was periodically revolved by collecting samples for chemical characterization in relation to pH, temperature, volume, macronutrients, and micronutrients with data collection every 20 days. In the use of vegetable residues as substrates it was observed that the volume reduction was due to a quadratic behavior, that is, a sharp reduction in the first weeks of stacking, followed by gradual deceleration until the end of the process. The pH, temperature and C/N ratio found in the experimental composting system were parameters that ensured the efficiency of the compost when applied directly to the soil.Keywords: plant material, efficiency, stacking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa05
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE MADEIRA SERRADA (1993-2013)
Authors: Kloczko Claudio , Zaque Leonardo Antônio Moraes , Tavares Sidnei Gregorio , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Machado Neto Arlindo de Paula , Pedrosa Talita Dantas
Published: August 2024

Objetivou-se analisar a produção e comercialização brasileira de madeira serrada de espécies de folhosas. Para isso, foram utilizados dados divulgados pela Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), correspondentes ao período de 1993 a 2013, referentes à produção e exportação de madeira serrada de não coníferas, incluindo madeiras tropicais nativas e madeiras provenientes de reflorestamento. Foi observado que a produção nacional apresentou uma forte redução a partir de 2007. Verificou-se ainda, que a maior parte da produção nacional é voltada para o consumo interno, cerca de 90% do total produzido. Devido a isso a participação do Brasil no mercado externo de madeira serrada ainda é incipiente, pois os produtos ofertados, de modo geral, não se enquadram nos padrões e exigências de comercialização internacional, além dos diversos entraves existentes no setor como a liberação para exploração florestal, obtenção das toras, barreiras externas e morosidade dos órgãos fiscalizadores.Palavras-chave: serraria, produção florestal, comercialização de produtos florestais. PRODUCTION AND TRADE ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN LUMBER (1993 TO 2013)  ABSTRACT:The work aimed to evaluate the production and trade of Brazilian non-coniferous lumber. For this, data was used by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) between years 1993 to 2013, on the production and export of non-coniferous lumber, including native tropical timber and wood from reforestation. It was observed that domestic production showed a strong reduction from 2007. It was also found that most of the domestic production is for the domestic consumption, reaching about 90% of total production. Because of this the participation of Brazil in the foreign market is still small, which can be attributed to low supply of timber that meets the standards and international marketing requirements, in addition to the many existing barriers in the industry, ranging from the release for exploration forestry, obtaining logs, external barriers, lengthy regulatory agencies.Keywords: sawmill, forestry, marketing of forest products. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa15
QUALIDADE PÓS-COLHEITA DE FRUTOS DE MARACUJAZEIRO-AMARELO PRODUZIDOS EM MATO GROSSO
Authors: Botelho Silvia de Carvalho Campos , Roncatto Givanildo , Botelho Fernando Mendes , Oliveira Suzinei Silva , Wobeto Carmen
Published: August 2024

O maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) é a espécie mais cultivada entre os maracujazeiros no Brasil, devido a sua importância para consumo in natura ou como suco. O estado de Mato Grosso tem condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis à cultura, porém com pouca tradição e resultados quanto ao cultivo do maracujazeiro. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de cultivares de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidos no estado de Mato Grosso. Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares comerciais, em experimento conduzido nos municípios de Terra Nova do Norte, Cáceres e Tangará da Serra. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, com quatro blocos e dez plantas por parcela, para avaliação das seis centrais. Foram avaliados 10 frutos de cada genótipo, de cada bloco, em cada município. As análises físico-químicas consistiram em determinação do comprimento, diâmetro, espessura de casca, massa do fruto, massa da casca, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, ratio e vitamina C dos frutos.Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis, cultivares, maracujá POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PRODUCED IN MATO GROSSO STATE ABSTRACT:The yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is the most cultivated species among passion fruit in Brazil, due to its importance for consumption in natura or as juice. The state of Mato Grosso has favorable soil and climatic conditions, but with little tradition and results regarding the cultivation of passion fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest quality of fruits of yellow passion fruit cultivars produced in the state of Mato Grosso. Five commercial cultivars were used in an experiment conducted in the municipalities of Terra Nova do Norte, Cáceres and Tangará da Serra. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replications and ten plants per plot, to evaluate the six plants. Ten fruits of each genotype were evaluated, from each block in each municipality. The physico-chemical analysis consisted of determination of the length, diameter, bark thickness, fruit mass, bark mass, total soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, fruit ratio and vitamin C.Keywords: Passiflora edulis, cultivars, passion fruit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa02
ESTOQUES DE CARBONO LÁBIL E TOTAL EM SOLO SOB INTEGRAÇÃO LAVOURA-PECUÁRIA-FLORESTA NA REGIÃO DE TRANSIÇÃO CERRADO/AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Isernhagen Elaine Cristina Casula , Rodrigues Renato de Aragão Ribeiro , Diel Débora , Matos Eduardo da Silva , Conceição Marcela Cardoso Guilles da
Published: August 2024

Objetivou-se comparar o sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta com sistemas exclusivos quanto à assimilação e manutenção do carbono orgânico total (COT) e carbono lábil (CL), após o segundo ano de estabelecimento. Os tratamentos constituíram os seguintes sistemas de produção: floresta de eucalipto (EUC), pastagem com Brachiaria brizantha (PAST), lavoura de soja-milho consorciada com B. brizantha (LAV) e integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF). Uma área de fragmento florestal nativo (Mata) e uma de pousio (Pousio) foram utilizadas como referência. A área sob cultivo de EUC obteve o menor teor de COT na camada 0-5cm, enquanto LAV e PAST apresentaram os maiores teores. Por sua vez, os teores de COT para o sistema ILPF, na camada 0-5cm, ficou em uma posição intermediária aos demais. A conversão da vegetação nativa para em cultivo agrícola e florestal contribuiu para a redução dos estoques de COT no solo em 20% na camada de 0-30 cm, representando uma perda de 17,4 Mg ha-1. O efeito do componente florestal na distribuição horizontal do estoque de COT dentro do ILPF foi favorecido no sentido sul, tendência não verificada para CL. Em curto prazo, os impactos dos sistemas conservacionistas sobre os teores de COT e CL do solo foram identificados apenas na camada superficial.Palavras-chave: agrossilvipastoril; permanganato de potássio; matéria orgânica do solo LABILE AND TOTAL CARBON POOLS IN SOIL UNDER INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST SYSTEM IN THE CERRADO/AMAZONIA ECOTONE ABSTRACT:The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the carbon assimilation and maintenance among an integrated crop-livestock-forest system and nonintegrated systems through the pools of total soil organic carbon (COT) and labile carbon (CL) after the second year of establishment. Treatments comprised the following production systems: eucalyptus forest (EUC), Brachiaria brizantha pasture (PAST), soybean-corn tillage intercropping with B. brizantha (LAV) and integrated crop-livestock-forest system (ILPF). An area of native forest fragment (Mata) and a fallow area (Pousio) were used as references. The effects of the forest component on the COT and CL pools in the ILPF were also evaluated. The area under EUC had the lowest concentration of COT in 0-5cm layer, while LAV and PAST showed higher concentrations. Conversion of natural vegetation to cultivated systems reduced soil C stock by 20% in the 0-30 cm layer which corresponded to 17.4 Mg ha-1. The results suggest that the effect of forest component in the horizontal distribution of the TOC stock was favored in the south face of the ILPF, but this trend was not observed for CL. In a short term, the effects of ILPF on COT and CL pools were not statistically detectable.Keywords: agrosilvopastoral, soil organic matter, potassium permanganate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa09
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS E MECÂNICAS DE PAINÉIS COMPENSADOS E LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL)
Authors: Mendoza Zaira Morais dos Santos Hurtado de de , Borges Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza , Santos Emanuella Araújo dos , Penna José Eduardo , Elias Maísa Pavani dos Santos , Morais Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza
Published: August 2024

Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo comparativo das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis compensados e laminated veneer lumber (LVL), produzidos com lâminas da madeira de Amescla (Trattinnickia burserifolia). A metodologia adotada na confecção dos painéis foi de acordo com a linha de produção empresarial. Os dois tipos de painéis foram montados com sete lâminas e a colagem foi feita com resina à base de fenol formaldeído. Os ensaios foram realizados conforme as normas da ABNT.  Para as propriedades físicas somente a massa específica e o inchamento em espessura apresentaram diferença estatística, sendo que o painel LVL apresentou a menor massa específica e o maior inchamento em espessura. Para as propriedades mecânicas, verificadas no ensaio de flexão estática, houve diferença entre os dois tipos de painéis, sendo que o maior módulo de ruptura (MOR) e o maior módulo de elasticidade (MOE) foram para o painel LVL. Para a avaliação da qualidade de colagem, houve diferença entre os dois tipos de painéis nos ensaios de cisalhamento, sendo que o LVL foi o painel que apresentou maior resistência na linha de cola.  O painel LVL mostrou-se, na maioria dos ensaios executados, superior ao painel compensado.Palavras-chave: compósitos de madeira; caracterização tecnológica; Trattinnickia burserifolia. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PANEL PLYWOOD AND LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL) ABSTRACT:The objective of the research was to make a comparative study of the physical and mechanical properties of panels plywood and LVL (laminated veneer lumber), produced with Trattinnickia burserifolia The methodology adopted in the preparation of the panels was carried out according to the business production line. The two types of panels were assembled with seven blades and the bonding was done with resin based on phenol formaldehyde. The specimens were tested according to ABNT standards. For the physical properties, only the specific mass and the swelling in thickness presented statistical difference, being that the LVL panel presented the lowest specific mass and the largest swelling in thickness. For the mechanical properties, verified in the static flexion test, there was difference between the two types of panels, with the largest modulus of rupture (MOR) and the largest modulus of elasticity (MOE) were for the LVL panel.  For the evaluation of the bonding quality, there was a difference between the two types of panels in the shear tests, and the LVL was the panel that presented greater resistance in the glue line. The LVL panel has proven to be superior to the compensated panel in most tests.Keywords: wood composites, technological characterization, Trattinnickia burserifolia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa19
DESTINATION OF PUBLIC FORESTS IN BRAZIL: AN ANALYSIS OF FOREST CONCESSIONS
Authors: Donicht Fernandes Ana Paula , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Viana Giomar , Amendola Elisandra Carina , Montero de Oliveira Fernando Esteban , Ansolin Roni Djeison
Published: August 2024

DESTINO DAS FLORESTAS PÚBLICAS NO BRASIL: ANÁLISE DAS CONCESSÕES FLORESTAIS  The forest concession policy objective is to prevent forest degradation, transfer part of the functions and public responsibilities to the private sector and at the same time increase income and improving the life quality of local people. Of the total 310.7 million hectares of federal public forests in Brazil, 77% are destined areas and 23% hectares of are not destined areas. However, the areas under concessions are the National Forests, a conservation unit with the objective of sustainable multiple use of forest resources and scientific research. In this context, this paper aims to discuss two points related to the forest concession on destined areas, first regarding financial resources for monitoring activities of Public Forests under concessions and for the maintenance of conservation units; and the second regarding the indicators measured in the management area under forest concession.Keywords: destined areas, national forests, national cadastre of public forests. RESUMO:O objetivo da política de concessão florestal é prevenir a degradação das florestas, transferindo parte das funções e responsabilidades públicas para o setor privado e, ao mesmo tempo, aumentar a renda e melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas locais. Do total de 310,7 milhões de hectares de florestas públicas federais no Brasil, 77% são áreas destinadas e 23% são áreas não destinadas. No entanto, as áreas sob concessões são as Florestas Nacionais, uma unidade de conservação com o objetivo de uso múltiplo sustentável de recursos florestais e pesquisas científicas. Neste contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir dois pontos relacionados à concessão florestal em áreas destinadas, primeiro em relação aos recursos financeiros gastos para monitorar atividades em Florestas Públicas sob concessões e a manutenção destas mesmas áreas como unidades de conservação; e o segundo relacionado aos indicadores medidos na área de gerenciamento sob concessão florestal.Palavras-chave: áreas destinadas, florestas nacionais, cadastro nacional de florestas públicas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05nespa06
Lifestyle Assistance using Smart Mirror for better Physical and Spiritual Wellbeing
Authors: Muhajir Mohammad Afif , Sulieman Amen Hibo , Olowolayemo Akeem
Published: August 2024

Humans live through their lives with many activities or actions, some people have more activities tied to their lives while others have less. It is with these chains of actions or activities can people achieve what they want to do in their life. The problem arises when people don't plan their activities effectively or some may not plan at all due to factors such as the hassle in arranging their lifestyle or daily activities. Lifestyle in general defines how people conduct their daily life to meet their own needs in many aspects and by itself may affect people in many ways because it is the concept that governs how humans do their activities or how they live out their daily life. Unorganized lifestyle may cause more negative influences than people think, it may even affect their own overall health in physical or spiritual aspects. In the discussion of physical and spiritual health, we can define physical health as the condition of our body taking into consideration the absence of disease and fitness level. As for spiritual health or wellbeing, it is mostly known to be connected to people’s mental health but in this research, we want to accommodate Islamic values of spirituality and how it helps maintain people's overall wellbeing. In accordance with the growing advancement of technology there are now many ways to help people organize their daily tasks and activities also their overall lifestyle such as an application that provides daily planners with notifications to help being reminded of their own plan for the day. It is with these points we would like to propose a project into studying general activities that supports a good lifestyle from physical and spiritual wellbeing while also incorporating the usage of technology in the form of an IoT (Internet of Things) device, in this case a Smart-Mirror, to help organize a good daily planner.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Keritis Siswa Sma Negeri 1 Lalolae Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi
Authors: Erfina Erfina , Tendrita Miswandi
Published: August 2024

Kemampuan untuk berpikir kritis dapat dianggap sebagai keterampilan yang sangat bermanfaat dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Berpikir kritis adalah keterampilan yang dipelajari yang membutuhkan waktu dan latihan. Kemampuan ini tidak dibawa sejak lahir atau diturunkan. Kemampuan untuk berpikir secara kritis, reflektif, sistematis, dan konstruktif untuk membuat pilihan dan kesimpulan yang rasional dikenal sebagai berfikir kritis. Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dinilai dalam penelitian ini. Studi ini meneliti siswa MIA 1 kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Lalolae. Berdasarkan hasilnya, analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di kelas XI MIA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Lalolae menunjukkan bahwa indikator Memberikan Penjelasan Sederhana menerima skor tertinggi, yaitu 67%, dengan kriteria kemampuan berpikir kritis yang cukup. Indikator Membangun Keterampilan Dasar juga menerima skor tertinggi, yaitu 52%, dengan kriteria kemampuan berpikir kritis yang cukup. Temuan penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran tentang tingkat kemampuan berpikir kritis yang dimiliki siswa, guru, dan orang-orang yang mengelola sekolah. Berdasarkan hasilnya, analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di kelas XI MIA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Lalolae menemukan bahwa indikator Memberikan Penjelasan Sederhana menerima skor tertinggi, yaitu 67%, dengan kriteria kemampuan berpikir kritis yang cukup. Indikator Membangun Keterampilan Dasar juga menerima skor tertinggi, yaitu 52%, dengan kriteria kemampuan berpikir kritis yang cukup. Temuan penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran tentang seberapa baik guru, pengelola sekolah, dan siswa berpikir kritis.
Highlighting the Ongoing Roads Infrastructure Challenges: Car Ownership Rates in Iraq
Authors: Taqi Shaker Al-Obaedi Jalal
Published: August 2024

Vehicles that use highway facilities have increased rapidly last decades mainly due to increasing of population and also due to industrials development for vehicles.  In Iraq, it has been noticed that the car ownership has been increased since the year of 2003.  This paper uses real data taken from the Central Statistical Organization of Iraq (CSO) to focus on car ownership in Iraq as a whole as well as focusing on each province separately.  The finding of this paper highlighted the ongoing traffic problems due to sharp increase in the number of vehicles and the unusual traffic growth rate.  The expected number of vehicles during the next 10 years is estimated and expected to increase from 4.5 million on 2013 to be as minimum as 11 million private cars.  This will create a new challenge for Iraq roads infrastructure which must be enhanced significantly so as to cover such increase in traffic.  The results suggest that the average car ownership per 1000 people is increased from 58 to 124 from 2003 to 2013.  The average car ownership per households has also increased from 0.39 to 0.83 vehicles per households.  Significant differences in car ownership rates are found among Kurdistan, middle and south regions in Iraq. The annual traffic growth rate during the last 10 years of 11.5% is found which is much higher than the population growth rate of 3.14%.
Experimental Deformation Analysis of Ship Hull Subjected to Vibration Waves
Authors: Karim Mohsen Kadim , N. Dawod Nisreen
Published: August 2024

This paper includes an experimental study of the effect of dynamical vibration (harmonic waves) or wind on the deformation of the ship hull when it is in the case of pitching motion and rolling. The aim of this paper is to calculate the strains of the ship as a result of the effect of waves on it. Aluminum alloy was used to build the frame of the model with suitable dimensions, and then fixed the model on the vibrating system which consists of number of springs with limiting stiffness. Vibrating system supported with means to generate waves with (0.75Hz, 1Hz, 1.25Hz) frequencies. The deformations are measured at the pitching and rolling motion of the model. The results showed that the strains of the model in the pitching motion greater than the rolling motion. When the frequency increases, the strains are increases
Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Reinforced with Fibers and Nanoparticles
Authors: Rustum Mohsin Najah
Published: August 2024

A composite material is a material that consists of a matrix (base phase) and a stiffener (reinforcement) that combined together to build up a structural unit. Reinforcement material form may be fibers, flakes or as a particle. In the current paper, unsaturated polyester resin (UP) was used as a base material, Sisal fibers (SF), glass fibers (GF) and Silica dioxide (SiO2) particles were performed as a reinforcing material. Three composite types were prepared: (C1) UP only, (C2) UP reinforced with 15% SF and 15% GF, and (C3) UP reinforced with 15% SF and 15% SiO2 to investigate the effect of reinforcement type on some mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, compressive strength, hardness and impact toughness with various temperatures.
     The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of composite materials were improved by using reinforcement with fibers and nanoparticles. The high values of elasticity, hardness and toughness were obtained with the specimen C2 composite. While the highest values of compressive strength were obtained with the specimen C3.
     On the other hand, the modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and hardness were decreased with increasing of temperature values with various percentages. Other clockwise, the toughness values were increased
Study the performance of microchannel heat exchanger with combined effect of PDF and PDF and different flow arrangements
Authors: A. Mohammad Dounia , I. Hasan Mushtaq , J. shkara Ahmed
Published: August 2024

This paper numerically investigated the square microchannel heat exchanger (MCHE) at hydraulic diameter 20 ?m and the diluted water 1:1 potassium chloride (KCl) solution as a working fluid at ionic concentration  M with using silicon microchannel. A comparison has been made between parallel and counter flow with two methods of driven flow of liquid through MCHE (pressure driven flow PDF and electroosmotic flow EOF) with using two values of zeta potential (-75, -200 mv) to investigate the effect of zeta potential on performance of parallel and counter flow. In this paper solved a three dimensional Poisson-Boltzmann equations and Navier-stoke equations with electric field which applied on electrolyte solution have been solved using the finite volume scheme. The results showed that, the total pressure drop increased at combined EOF/PDF compared with pure pressure driven and it clear in parallel flow more than counter flow. Heat transfer rate for counter flow is higher in parallel flow. That the increasing in zeta potential of surface charge caused an increase effect of EDL due to increase in  Helmholtz-Smolochowski velocity
Assessment of positioning accuracy using DGPS in Iraqi survey work
Authors: Jasim Dakhil Ammar , Shareef Mustafa , Qasim Ihsan
Published: August 2024

Due to the importance of survey work and positioning in any construction project, the opportunity of using new technology is vital to observe high accurate information. Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS) represents of most recent innovation in positioning systems. This tool used two types of methods to reduce the error, firstly the gather information from geographic position systems satellites (GPS) comparing it with real fixed ground locations. DGPS can not only improve project accuracy but it can reduce the total survey work in terms of time and cost considerably. However, the high initial cost to buy this kind of equipment prevents many public and private organizations in Iraq from start using this new technology. This research will aim to give real evidence of how accurate DGPS can be. This aim has been achieved via implementing DGPS in a real project and show the real results and compared with standards errors derived from using common survey tools such as Total Station and GPS.
Comparing the effect of using two different reflectors on the performance of a parabolic solar concentrator for boiling water
Authors: Muter Koban Raheem , M. Hannun Rafid
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a comparison was presented between the use of two parabolic solar concentrators to boil water with the same aperture diameter (96 cm) with two different reflectors, one made of aluminum foil and the other one made of mirror pieces. The two concentrators were made using a satellite dish of the same diameter. When using aluminum foil as a reflector, it was cut into strips with a width of 10 cm and glued to the inner surface of the dish. As for the mirror pieces, they were cut into pieces (5 * 5cm) and glued to the surface of the dish. A metal tin can with a volumetric capacity (1 liter) was used as a thermal receiver. Experiments were conducted to boil water from the roof of the house in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq. During these experiments, the optical efficiency of the parabolic solar concentrator, the amount of heat loss from the heat receiver by radiation and convection, the collector efficiency of the solar concentrator were calculated.
Utilize Titanium Coating to Increase AZ31 Alloy Corrosion Resistance for Bio-Application
Authors: Najm Noor , H. Ataiwi Ali , A. Anaee Rana
Published: August 2024

The behavior of corrosion of AZ31 Mg alloy was studied in (SBF) “Simulated Body Fluid” by electrochemical analysis technique to realize the role of coating with (Ti) by DC sputtering with the absence and presence of oxygen. The coating by (Ti) with the absence of oxygen enhanced the stability of the corrosion product as MgO through decreasing the corrosion current density. While the presence of oxygen during coating accelerated the corrosion rate due to increasing the cathodic polarization through the reduction of oxygen and then increasing the dissolution of Mg from the substrate. The coating by (Ti) gave protection efficiency reach (33.742%). While the presence of oxygen during DC sputtering promotes the cathodic area on grains as ( ) leading to localizing the corrosion around the  phases at the grain boundaries.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow a cross Circular and Elliptical Tube Bank
Authors: Adnan Abd Ghassan
Published: August 2024

In this study, a numerical investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow a cross circular and elliptical tube bank has been made then comparisons made between these two types. The study focus on the effect of Reynolds number and ellipse eccentricity on the Nusselt number and pressure drop through the tube bank for two arrangements (in-line and staggered). The results are reported for air and for Reynolds number range of 20≤Re≤500. The results of the study shows that Nusselt number increased as Reynolds number increased for all cases. The values of Nusselt number for elliptical tube are higher than for circular tube for Reynolds number range of 100≤Re≤500.The pressure drop for the two arrangements increased as the Reynolds number increases. The elliptical tube array has batter thermal performance and lower pressure drop than circular tube array .
Modeling of the Dissolved Oxygen Profile in Marsh Water by Numerical Solution of ADE Using Finite Difference Method
Authors: Dekheel Selman Mohammed
Published: August 2024

To evaluate the environmental impact of pollution, mathematical models play a major role in predicting the pollution level in the regions under consideration. Computer models are becoming increasingly important tools in every environmental management aspects.A general one dimensional water quality model (Advection-diffusion Equation ADE) has been developed the dissolved oxygen in Abu-Zirig marsh water. The general one-dimensional model equation was solved using the numerical solution by finite difference discritization and procedure was prepared by writing a computer program in MATLAB program (version 7.6).
Study of Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Inside a Vented Square Cavity with Inner Heated Cylinder
Authors: A.Abood Falah , M. Shrama Sana , K. Radhi Zainab
Published: August 2024

The problem of mixed convection heat transfer for laminar air flow in a square cavity with inner heated cylinder is numerically analyzed by finite element method using software package (FlexPDF) to solve the conservation of governing equations. The right vertical wall is kept at constant temperature and the others are adiabatic. An external flow enters the cavity through an opening in the left vertical wall and exits from another opening in the right vertical wall. Results of streamlines, isotherms, average temperature and average Nusselt number of the heated wall are presented for Ri = 0 to 12, 50  Re  200, Pr = 0.71 and inlet position hi =0.2. From the present analysis it is found that with increases of Re and Ri numbers the convective heat transfer becomes predominant over the conduction heat transfer. The results of streamlines and isotherms are compared with available result of Rahman et al.[8], a good agreement has been achieved.
Reduction of Separation Distance in MIMO Systems Using Polarization Diversity
Authors: S. Ghazi A.
Published: August 2024

One of the promising techniques in communication systems is the Multiple Input –Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. The aim of these systems is increasing channel capacity, and the main problem in these systems is the required separation distance between antennas which must be greater than or equal to half wavelength. Satisfying this separation distance is difficult especially at low frequencies. In this paper we study the ability to reduce the total separation distance by using polarization diversity. Each two adjacent antenna are replaced by one dual polarized antenna. The obtained results show that the use of polarization diversity will reduce the required separation distance and the performance of the system will be better than that of classical system (without polarization diversity). This improvement is more useful at the system with greater number of antennas. Increasing the correlation between antennas due to the separation angle will reduce the channel capacity. The results also show that increasing the cross polarization discrimination XPD will increase channel capacity at low level of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and decrease it at high level of it if the attenuation for horizontally polarized signal is the same as that for vertically polarized signal (CPF=0), but if (CPF 0) then low values of XPD will improve channel capacity especially at high level of SNR. The results also prove that channel capacity inversely proportional with CPF at rural area (XPD 0), and when XPD=0 (urban area) the channel capacity linearly proportion with CPF at high level of SNR, and inversely proportional with CPF at low level of it.
Experimental Investigation of Variation in Mechanical and Microstructural Properties Along the Length of Similar AA6063 FSW.
Authors: A. Ugla Adnan
Published: August 2024

In this paper, 6063-T4 Al-alloy sheets with dimensions(6x90x200) mm were joined via friction stir welding (FSW). Tow sheets were but welded with square mating edges. The rotating welding tool made of tool steel heat-treated to HRC 60.The temperature distribution had been investigated experimentally with constant revolution speed and constant linear speed. A digital reader of twelve channels was used to read and record the temperature with time at each channel as an excel table. Nine K-type thermocouples were positioned along the weld length. The mechanical properties were evaluated (such as tensile strength ,microhardness, and microstructure tests) at room temperature in several positions along the length of the joint. The results show that the max. temperature was conducted at the end of the weld to be 375C ̊. The relationships between the peak temperature and the time, distance from start, microhardness, tensile strength, and microstructure were discussed. The hardness of the stirred zone was more than the base metal hardness due to refinement of grains by friction stir process. The strength and hardness of the FSW were as min. at the end of the weld due to increasing in heat input to the joint at this region which lead to grain growth at the microstructure of last region.
Studying the Effect of Scale of Fluctuation on the Flow Through an Earth Dam Using Stochastic Finite Element
Authors: R. Shakir Ressol
Published: August 2024

Estimation of quantity of flow through earth dams by using finite elements method mainly depends on the magnitudes of permeability for the earth dam.  The permeability of soil medium may be included in the solution as constant permeability or non homogeneous, anisotropic or may be distributed as random field.   Simulation of properties of soil by using random fields’ generators has great interest nowadays.  This paper includes studying of the effect of anisotropy of scale of fluctuation of the permeability through the stochastic finite elements analysis for case of flow through earth dam.  Permeability has been simulated by random field and mapped into finite element methods according to the most recent studies.  The results have shown that (1) quantity of seepage through stochastic earth dam is always less than that calculated for deterministic state.  (2)  As horizontal to vertical scale of fluctuation (anisotropy of scale of fluctuation) increases, quantity of seepage increases but it still less than that for deterministic state.   The seepage elevation is also reduced at random field state compared to deterministic solution.
New Base and Burner Design for Utilizing the Compound Gases with Spilled Oil at Using Power Chimney Techniques
Authors: M. Hannun Rafid
Published: August 2024

The renewable or non-renewable modern energy kinds have many shapes to utilize power generation. The power chimney tower is one of them developed by low losses, simple and has high facilities that used in spilling oil and/or oil refinery stations and to save clean environment. In this paper, new base design of power chimney used to increase the utilized energy by increasing the number of burners in addition to introducing new burner design by adding directional vanes. Many parameters influencing the system operation were exactly studied to predict new operation phenomenon. This fundamentally depends the combustion of gases compound the spilled oil. Velocity distribution is the important parameter which gives the first prediction to put the position of erection of power turbine, made or not. The numerical analysis was presented by using GAMBIT and FLUENT 6.3 to predict the high velocity at the expansion of chimney near the Centre of burned gases cover collector. This position is very suitable for promoting and building the power turbine since the velocity was high when the compounded gases is combusted (that there components are the methane gas with other friendly gases and waste).Also, it is concluded that there are high temperature increased by using the new burner design reach (1400-1800) K in comparison with old design without swirlers. It is easy to erect steam or gaseous boiler in contact with furnace for utilizes the heat generated in electrical power generation.So, the other factors, temperature and pressure were studied to coincide with previous papers in this field. The validity of this study was done by comparison to same flow rate of air/fuel ratio of previous study findings to give similar results of parameters.
Active Vibration Control of Linear and Nonlinear Quarter Car Suspension System Using PID and Fuzzy Logic Controllers
Authors: Tariq Yaseen Duna , Thalib Abdul-Wahab Qussi
Published: August 2024

A quarter car suspension linear and nonlinear models are considered for the investigation of active vibration control using PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) and Fuzzy logic controllers. Simulation of the models using matlab-simulink have been built in this work for passive and active vibration control. The Fuzzy rules and memberships were taken from the literature based on practical experience. A comparison between the linear and nonlinear models using different type of control methods have been carried out. Results shows that the Fuzzy-PID control method is the best among other methods, and the nonlinear model gives better results than the linear model for active control.
المعتقد والعماره
Authors: هاشم حميد العقابي احمد
Published: August 2024

The knowledge theses focus on study the acting concepts in architecture failed and what its can do from general and detail according its quality nature which serve knowledge riches of architectural field and all that secret important to go for study belief concept and its act and impact by architectural field how can the general knowledge real and thoughtfully theoretical characters for it limited.This research aims to define the general basic for knowledge view for belief concept which achieved by limit the general knowledge view about him , and abstracted him related with architectural field as a dual then go to designation anther dual that be as a reflect for last dual and to architectural field which represent architectural knowledge model and depend on concepts (type/value) then operate the similar between them and the theoretical vocabularies that derive and explore the check for the detail theoretical indicators for them. Then submit the final conclusions and recommendations.