bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historic breeding practices contribute to germplasm divergence in leaf specialized metabolism and ecophysiology in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: Dowell Jordan A. , Bowsher Alan W. , Jamshad Amna , Shah Rahul , Burke John M. , Donovan Lisa A. , Mason Chase M.
Published: November 2024

Premise

The use of hybrid breeding systems to increase crop yields has been the cornerstone of modern agriculture and is exemplified in the breeding and improvement of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus). However, it is poorly understood what effect supporting separate breeding pools in such systems, combined with continued selection for yield, may have on leaf ecophysiology and specialized metabolite variation.

Methods

We analyzed 288 lines of cultivated H. annuus to examine the genomic basis of several specialized metabolites and agronomically important traits across major heterotic groups.

Results

Heterotic group identity supports phenotypic divergences between fertility restoring and cytoplasmic male‐sterility maintainer lines in leaf ecophysiology and specialized metabolism. However, the divergence is not associated with physical linkage to nuclear genes that support current hybrid breeding practices in cultivated H. annuus. Additionally, we identified four genomic regions associated with leaf ecophysiology and specialized metabolism that colocalize with previously identified QTLs for quantitative self‐compatibility traits and with S‐protein homolog (SPH) proteins, a recently discovered family of proteins associated with self‐incompatibility and self/nonself recognition in Papaver rhoeas (common poppy) with suggested conserved downstream mechanisms among eudicots.

Conclusions

Further work is necessary to confirm the self‐incompatibility mechanisms in cultivated H. annuus and their relationship to the integrative and polygenic architecture of leaf ecophysiology and specialized metabolism in cultivated sunflower. However, because self‐compatibility is a derived quantitative trait in cultivated H. annuus, trait linkage to divergent phenotypic traits may have partially arisen as a potential unintended consequence of historical breeding practices and selection for yield.
New Insights Into the Spectrum of RASopathies: Clinical and Genetic Data in a Cohort of 121 Spanish Patients
Authors: Barbero Ana Isabel Sánchez , Valenzuela Irene , Fernández‐Alvarez Paula , Vazquez Élida , Cueto‐Gonzalez Anna Maria , Lasa‐Aranzasti Amaia , Trujillano Laura , Masotto Bárbara , Arumí Elena García , Tizzano Eduardo F.
Published: November 2024

Noonan syndrome and related disorders are a group of well‐known genetic conditions caused by dysregulation of the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway. Because of the overlap of clinical and molecular features, they are now called RASopathies. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 121 patients with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of RASopathy, describing frequencies for clinical features in all organ systems as well as molecular data. The most common clinical diagnosis was Noonan Syndrome and the most frequently affected gene was PTPN11 followed by SOS1, RAF1, LZTR1, and RIT1. All patients had distinctive craniofacial features indicative of the RASopathy spectrum but we report some atypical features regarding craniofacial shape, such as craniosynostosis and microcephaly. We also describe uncommon clinical characteristics such as aortic dilation, multivalvular heart disease, abnormalities of the posterior fossa, and uterine congenital anomalies in female patients. Furthermore, the presence of multiple giant cell granulomas was observed specifically in patients with SOS1 variants. This comprehensive evaluation allows broadening the phenotypic spectrum of our population and their correlation with the genotype, which are essential to improve the recognition and the follow up of RASopathies as a multisystemic disease.
Crystal Modulation of Mn‐Based Layered Oxide toward Long‐Enduring Anionic Redox with Fast Kinetics for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Gaoyuan , Yin XingXing , Ning De , Chai Yan , Du Ruijie , Hao Dingbang , Wang Chunling , Liu Xueling , Gao Rui , Wang Jun , Yao Xiangdong , Li Yongli , Zhou Dong
Published: November 2024

Mn‐based layered oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries with anionic redox reactions hold great potential for energy storage applications due to their ultra‐high capacity and cost effectiveness. However, achieving high capacity requires overcoming challenges such as oxygen‐redox failure, sluggish kinetics, and structural degradation. Herein, we employ an innovative crystal modulation strategy, using Mn‐based Na0.72Li0.24Mn0.76O2 as a representative cathode material, which shows that the highly exposed {010} active facets enable an enhanced rate capability (119.6 mAh g−1 at 10 C) with fast kinetics. Meanwhile, the reinforced Mn−O bond inhibits excessive oxidation of lattice oxygen and O−O cohesion loss, stabilizing and maintaining a long‐enduring reversible oxygen‐redox activity (100 % high capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 C and 84.28 % retention after 300 cycles at 5 C). Time‐resolved operando two‐dimensional X‐ray diffraction reveals the robust structural stability, zero‐strain behavior, and suppressed phase transition with ultra‐low volume variation during cycling at different rates (0.1 C: 1.75 %, 1 C: 0.31 %, 5 C: 0.04 %). Additionally, the full cell coupled with hard carbon achieves a high energy density of approximately 211 Wh kg−1 with superior performance. This work highlights the significance of crystal modulation and presents a universal approach in developing Mn‐based oxide cathodes with stable anionic redox for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.
Photoregulated Supramolecular Polymerization through Halogen Bonding
Authors: Manjarres Alejandro Martínez , Albers Antonia , Fernández Gustavo
Published: November 2024

Supramolecular polymers are able to change their structure, morphology and function in response to external stimuli. However, controlling the independence of stimuli‐responses in these systems is challenging. Herein, we exploit halogen bonding (XB) as a reversible network element to regulate the photoresponsive and adaptive behavior of supramolecular polymers. To this end, we have designed a two‐component system comprising an amphiphilic XB acceptor with the ability to self‐assemble in aqueous media (OPE‐Py) and a molecule with a dual photoresponsive and XB donor function [(E)‐Azo‐I]. OPE‐Py self‐assembles in aqueous media into supramolecular polymers, which transform into nanoparticle assemblies upon co‐assembly with (E)‐Azo‐I. Interestingly, a third type of assembly (2D sheets) is obtained if OPE‐Py is treated with (E)‐Azo‐I and exposed to photoirradiation. At ambient conditions, both nanoparticles and 2D sheets remain invariant over time. However, heating dissociates the XB interactions present in both assemblies, resulting in their transformation to the original fiber‐like morphology of OPE‐Py. Thus, breaking the communication between self‐assembly and the stimuli‐responses upon heating restores the original state of the system, drawing parallels to feedback loops in programming language. This work broadens the still limited scope of XB in solution assemblies and paves the way for multifunctional adaptive supramolecular systems.
Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF Constructed Through Ligand Exchange for Bi‐Enzyme Immobilization With Improved Performance in Rare Ginsenoside Production
Authors: Yue Junsong , Li Zhiyan , Liu Xiaochen , Wu Zhansheng , Wang Jianwen , Tu Min , Shi Huaiqi , Fan Daidi , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

The biological conversion method using immobilized enzymes has become an important means to produce ginsenosides. Among them, the preprepared Zn‐Ni MOF could be used to immobilize glycosyltransferase by specific adsorption for ginsenoside Rh2 production. However, the low enzyme load of Zn‐Ni MOF limited its wide application. In this study, we successfully synthesized the Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF filled with nanospheres by modifying the previously prepared Zn‐Ni MOF with glutamic acid (Glu) through ligand exchange. This modification significantly increased the specific surface area of the Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF and enhanced the material's enzyme‐carrying capacity. After immobilizing glycosyltransferase (UGT) onto the Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF, the UGT@Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF demonstrated improved stability across different pH levels, temperatures, and repeated cycles. After seven cycles, the immobilized enzyme remained at 83.42% of its initial enzyme activity. To further enhance the process, we incorporated immobilized sucrose synthase into the system to form a coupled reaction. This approach not only reduced substrate costs but also increased the yield of ginsenoside Rh2. By optimizing the coupling reaction through adjustments to the reaction conditions and the addition of suitable surfactants and organic solvents, we achieved a yield of 5.41 μg/mL of Rh2. The development and optimization of this material hold significant potential and value for industrial applications in both material enhancement and ginsenoside synthesis.
Fermi Arcs Dominating the Electronic Surface Properties of Trigonal PtBi2
Authors: Hoffmann Sven , Schimmel Sebastian , Vocaturo Riccardo , Puig Joaquin , Shipunov Grigory , Janson Oleg , Aswartham Saicharan , Baumann Danny , Büchner Bernd , Brink Jeroen van den , Fasano Yanina , Facio Jorge I. , Hess Christian
Published: November 2024

Materials combining topologically non‐trivial behavior and superconductivity offer a potential route for quantum computation. However, the set of available materials intrinsically realizing these properties are scarce. Recently, surface superconductivity has been reported in PtBi2 in its trigonal phase and an inherent Weyl semimetal phase has been predicted. Here, based on scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, the signature of topological Fermi arcs are revealed in the normal state patterns of the quasiparticle interference. It is shown that the scattering between Fermi arcs dominates the interference spectra, providing conclusive evidence for the relevance of Weyl fermiology for the surface electronic properties of trigonal PtBi2.
Organometallic Ru(III) Catalysts for α‐Alkylation of Carbonyl Compounds using Alcohols: Mechanistic Insights via Detection of Key Intermediates
Authors: Singh Sain , Saini Rajat , Kumar Chaudhary Virendra , Ghosh Kaushik
Published: November 2024

Three novel cyclometalated ruthenium complexes ([Ru.L(9)] [Ru.L(10)] and [Ru.L(11)]) featuring azo functionalities were synthesized and characterized using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, namely FT‐IR, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and ESI‐MS. Representative solid‐state structures of the acquired complexes were determined through X‐ray crystallography. These complexes were evidenced to be efficient catalysts for the synthesis of various α‐alkylated compounds utilizing simple acetophenone derivatives with easily affordable and economically viable alcohols, which were isolated and characterized via 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The optimum reaction conditions were found by employing toluene as solvent and potassium tert‐butoxide as a base at 115 °C temperature utilizing 0.8 mol % of catalyst [Ru.L(10)]. The yield of the desired compounds was found to be in the range of 83–97 %. Additionally, mass spectrometry provided insights into the in‐situ generated ruthenium hydride and ruthenium alkoxy intermediates, shedding light on the catalytic mechanism.
Clinical Risk Factors for High‐Dose Methotrexate‐Induced Oral Mucositis Following Individualized Dosing
Authors: Hu Zhongbo , Escalera‐Joy Andrea M. , Ashcraft Emily , Acharya Rushil , Jeha Sima , Cheng Cheng , Pui Ching‐Hon
Published: November 2024

Background

Oral mucositis affects about 20% of children undergoing high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), despite existing management strategies. Personalized HDMTX dosing, adjusted by pharmacokinetics and leukemia risk, has reduced mucositis incidence, but variations still occur with similar 24‐h methotrexate levels.

Methods

This retrospective study investigated risk factors for oral mucositis under individualized methotrexate protocols. Data from patients with ≥ Grade 2 oral mucositis (CTCAE v4.0) were analyzed from the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital total 16 trial. A 1:1 case–control matching method considered age, sex, risk classification, immunophenotype, and methotrexate course. McNemar's, Bowker's symmetry, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used for statistical analyses. Risk factors for recurrent mucositis were identified in a case‐only analysis.

Results

The study found significant associations between methotrexate‐induced mucositis and new‐onset skin rashes (p = 0.0027), fever (p = 0.0016), neutropenic fever (p = 0.0008), lower absolute neutrophil count (p < 0.0001), acute kidney injury (AKI) (p = 0.0164), delayed methotrexate clearance (p = 0.0133), and higher 42‐h methotrexate levels (p = 0.0179). In the standard/high‐risk group, mercaptopurine dose was also linked to mucositis (p = 0.0495). Multivariable analysis showed that skin rashes (OR 6.5, p = 0.0016), fever (OR 2.8, p = 0.009), and neutropenia (OR 2.3, p = 0.0106) were independent risk factors for mucositis. Female sex (OR 7.12, p = 0.015) and AKI (OR 3.819, p = 0.037) were associated with recurrent mucositis.

Conclusions

Fever, skin rashes, AKI, delayed methotrexate clearance, and higher 42‐h methotrexate levels were key risk factors for HDMTX‐induced oral mucositis. Skin rashes, fever, and neutropenia were independent predictors, while female sex and AKI were linked to recurrent mucositis.
Small bowel neuroendocrine tumor presenting with chronic diarrhea and mesenteric ischemia: A case report
Authors: Sawaf Bisher , Abbarh Shahem , Ahmed Ashraf I. , Halabiya Malik , Ismail Abdellatif , Mezhoud Souraia
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

The diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors is often challenging owing to the nonspecific presentation. This may lead to delayed diagnosis and serious, rare complications, such as acute mesenteric ischemia. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing such cases.

Gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells within the digestive tract. Despite their rarity, their incidence is increasing, necessitating a better understanding of their presentation and management. In the present report, we present a case of duodenal bulb NET that caused chronic diarrhea and unintentional weight loss for 2 years before manifesting as acute mesenteric ischemia. This case sheds light on the diagnostic challenges associated with GI NETs, particularly in cases with nonspecific symptoms. In addition, it underscores the importance of prompt recognition and management, as evidenced by the progression of the patient to acute mesenteric ischemia.
RMND1 and PLN variants are the underlying cause of Perrault‐like syndrome and cardiac anomalies in a patient
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Barnett Cara L. , Widmeyer Kimberly M. , Wang Xinjian , Brightman Diana S. , Noonan Carolee W. , Weaver Kathryn N. , Hopkin Robert J. , Wu Yaning
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Recent studies have established an association between RMND1 variants and Perrault syndrome. In this case report, we present a female patient with Perrault syndrome and cardiomyopathy, resulting from variants in RMND1 and PLN, respectively.
Aqueous Synthesis of Green Fluorescence Non‐Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles by In Situ Formation of Poly‐Ionic Complexes
Authors: Chun Wong Ho , Ting Ng Leong , Kau Lam Ying , Li Pei
Published: November 2024

We present a novel method for synthesizing water‐based non‐conjugated polymer nanoparticles that possess green fluorescence. This synthesis involves the crosslinking of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with glutaraldehyde (GA), followed by in situ polymerization of an acrylic acid‐based monomer. The nanoparticles are formed through self‐assembly driven by in situ electrostatic complexation, resulting in unique photoluminescence properties. This process involves the negatively charged polymer, formed via graft and homo‐polymerization, interacting with the pre‐existing positively charged PEI. The nanoparticles consist solely of heteroatomic bonds like C−O, C−N, C=O, and C=N. The restriction of vibrational and rotational relaxation of these bonds within the nanoscale poly‐ionic complex enhances their photoluminescence properties. For example, glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked polyethyleneimine/poly(methacrylic acid) (gPEI/PMAA) nanoparticles produced by this method demonstrate outstanding properties including a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 35 nm, excitation‐dependent fluorescence with a green emission peak at 527 nm when excited at 480 nm, and a high quantum yield of up to 23.6 % (±1.2 %). The green fluorescence property of the nanoparticles can be used in the generation of white LED light through incorporating them with silicone and coating them onto a blue light LED chip. This study represents a significant improvement in the fluorescence properties of PEI‐based materials and opens up new possibilities for their applications in various fields.
Reducing Non‐Radiative Energy Losses in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Nan , Guo Yawen , Song Haoming , Liu Yahui , Lu Hao , Bo Zhishan
Published: November 2024

With the rapid advancement of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has surpassed the 20 % threshold, highlighting their considerable potential as next‐generation energy conversion devices. In comparison to inorganic or perovskite solar cells, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of OSCs is constrained by substantial non‐radiative energy losses (ΔEnr), leading to values notably below those anticipated by the Shockley‐Queisser limit. In OSCs, non‐radiative energy losses are intimately associated with the electroluminescent quantum efficiency (EQEEL) of charge transfer states, which is in turn directly affected by the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of acceptor materials. Consequently, enhancing the PLQY of low‐bandgap acceptor materials has emerged as a pivotal strategy to effectively mitigate ΔEnr. This review article delves into the intrinsic correlation between molecular structure and PLQY from the vantage point of acceptor material design. It further explores methodologies for designing acceptor materials exhibiting high PLQY, with the ultimate goal of realizing OSCs that combine high efficiency with minimal ΔEnr.
A Survey of Melatonin in Dietary Supplement Products Sold in the United States
Authors: Pawar Rahul S. , Coppin Julia P. , Khanna Saara , Parker Christine H.
Published: November 2024

In the United States, melatonin products are widely available as dietary supplements. During the past few decades, melatonin products have gained popularity primarily as a sleep aid, with a variety of product forms available for different age groups of consumers. Recent reports have highlighted a rise in melatonin ingestion among children reported to poison control centers. The increased use of melatonin‐containing products, the diversity in product forms, and reported label discrepancies has emphasized the need for additional research to better understand the marketplace. This work aims to measure melatonin content in products sold as dietary supplements and marketed for children, evaluate method performance across different product categories, and determine if product form has an impact on melatonin stability. One hundred ten (110) dietary supplement products labeled to contain melatonin and marketed towards children were purchased and analyzed using a targeted LC‐MS/MS method validated for the qualitative determination of serotonin and quantification of melatonin, N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK), and N1‐acetyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AMK). Melatonin was identified in 108 of 110 products (98%) with a median concentration of 1.2 mg/g (range: 0.017–130 mg/g) or 1.7 mg/serving (range: 0.042–50 mg/serving). Further, in the tested products, melatonin content ranged from 0% to 667% of the label declaration. This study provides evidence to inform safety assessments and investigate potential factors that may influence reported concentrations, such as product stability and matrix influences.
The Unmet Treatment Need for Eating Disorders: What Has Changed in More Than 10 Years? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ali Kathina , Radunz Marcela , McLean Siân A. , O'Shea Anne , Mavrangelos Teri , Fassnacht Daniel B. , Hart Laura
Published: November 2024

Objective

A minority of individuals with eating disorders seek help from health professionals qualified to provide eating disorder care. This review assessed the proportion of individuals with eating disorders who had sought help or received treatment, as an update to an earlier review conducted more than a decade ago.

Method

Three databases were searched for studies that: (1) included a community sample of help‐seekers and non‐help seekers, (2) used a standardized eating disorder screening instrument, and (3) assessed the percentage of participants who had sought help specifically for eating disorder concerns.

Results

Of 972 articles, 21 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 37,423 participants. The pooled proportion reporting help‐seeking from any source (e.g., helpline, support groups, chat rooms as well as health professionals) was 30% and the pooled proportion reporting formal treatment seeking from health professionals (e.g., psychologist) specifically for eating disorder concerns was 32%. However, there was evidence of publication bias across studies.

Discussion

These rates suggest little to no improvement in the unmet need for treatment since the last review with studies continuing to focus on white adult women. Help‐seeking rates among other populations remain unclear and there is an urgent need to understand reasons for overall low help‐seeking rates. Clear definitions and measures of help‐seeking with appropriate distinctions between sources of help are needed to improve our understanding of help‐seeking pathways and identify solutions to facilitate help‐seeking. Better visibility of health professionals qualified to provide safe and effective eating disorder care could help reduce the substantial treatment gap.
An eco‐friendly Na‐ion battery utilizing biowaste‐derived carbon and birnessite with enhanced high voltage reaction
Authors: Ortiz Gregorio F. , Ma Ruqin , Luo Mingzeng , Yixiao Li , Zhanning He , Su Yu , Huang Jiale , Yang Yong , Wei Zhanhua
Published: November 2024

Trigonal birnessite (Na0.5MnO2·0.7H2O) with quasi‐hexagonal‐stacked particles is synthesized by a simple procedure. The MnO6 layers are expanded (ca. 7.1 Å as confirmed by HRTEM) by sodium ion and water molecules permitting the cyclability of the cathode up to 4.4 V without anionic redox effect. This particular phase exhibits sodium storage performance with 181.2 mA h g−1 reversible capacity, high Coulombic efficiency (99.8%), good rate performance (20–640 mA g−1), and 80% capacity retention over 200 cycles. X‐ray adsorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectra at Mn‐k edge confirmed that the main redox component is Mn3+/Mn4+. An environmental‐friendly Na‐ion full cell is assembled with this cathode and biowaste‐derived carbon (obtained from trash of lemon peels) anode and provided ∼ 330 Wh kg−1 energy density (at the material's level) which is preserved at ∼71% over 200 cycles. Manganese, sodium, and carbon are cheap and eco‐friendly materials for practical energy storage eagerly sought after in the industry.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Soybean Oil: Focus on Degumming of Soybean Crude Oil and the Quality of Degummed Oil
Authors: Wu Xixi , Gao Tian , Shang Baiyu , Geng Mengjie , Li Lijia , Feng Xumei , Wang Xiangyu , Teng Fei
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effect of ultrasonic‐assisted degumming technology on the degumming of soybean crude oil, and the quality change of degummed oil was analyzed. The response surface method designed by Box–Behnken was used to optimize the degumming process conditions. Under the optimal conditions of water addition of 6 mL/100 g, ultrasonic temperature of 45°C, ultrasonic time of 10 min, and ultrasonic power of 60 W, the degumming rate was 73.82%, which was 21.69% higher than that of hydration degumming (52.13%). The phosphorus content of ultrasound‐assisted hydration degummed oil (31.21 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of hydration degummed oil (57.08 mg/kg) and soybean crude oil (119.23 mg/kg). The phospholipid composition and content of degummed oil (phosphatidic acid [PA]: 2.00 mg/g) were lower than that of the hydrated degummed oil (phosphatidylethanolamine [PE]: 0.93 mg/g; PA: 2.28 mg/g) and soybean crude oil (phosphatidylcholine: 9.50 mg/g, PE: 7.28 mg/g, phosphatidylinositol: 7.13 mg/g, and PA: 3.41 mg/g). The results showed that ultrasonic‐assisted degumming could significantly reduce the acid value of oil (1.60 mg/g) and slightly reduce the iodine value (130 g/100 g). Moreover, the oxidation stability of the oil was slightly improved. In addition, ultrasonic‐assisted hydration degumming could improve the color of oil and slightly reduce the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in soybean oil. Aldehydes, alcohols, and acids were identified as the main volatile flavor components for the degummed oil. Therefore, the ultrasonic‐assisted hydration method can improve the degumming effect and soybean oil quality.

Practical Applications: Response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic‐assisted degumming process of soybean crude oil. Compared with hydration degumming, ultrasonic‐assisted hydration degumming improved degumming effect, reduced phospholipid content, made soybean oil clear and bright, weakened the flavor of natural oils such as crude oil and nuts, and improved the oxidation stability of oil. Moreover, ultrasonic‐assisted hydration degumming could slightly reduce the content of UFAs in soybean oil. At the industrial level, the introduction of ultrasonic technology in one step of the application process is a green processing technology, which is conducive to the production of high‐quality refined oil.
Heat transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid under the effects of surface roughness along with velocity and thermal slips
Authors: Siddique Imran , Irfan Muhammad , Al‐Dossari Mawaheb , Alqahtani A. , Nazeer Mubbashar , Saydaxmetova Shaxnoza
Published: November 2024

Surface roughness has a great impact on the peristaltic motion of nanofluid flow and plays an important role in engineering, manufacturing, and material sciences. During tissue engineering, imaging techniques, implant surface finish, surgical instrument texture, and tissue engineering, and so forth. This study explores the effects of electrical double layers, surface roughness, velocity slip, and thermal slip to investigate the heat transfer rate of cobalt and alumina nanoparticles with water through uniform and nonuniform horizontal tubes. In the present study, the Jeffrey nanofluid flow model is chosen to investigate the heat transfer phenomenon of hybrid nanofluids based on alumina and cobalt nanoparticles suspension in water. The effects of electroosmosis, surface roughness, viscous dissipation, heat source/sink parameter, velocity, and thermal slips are also under consideration during the peristaltic motion of hybrid nanofluid in uniform and nonuniform tubes. The mathematical software MATHEMATICA 13.3 is utilized to find the exact solution and graphical results to investigate the complicated flow behavior. It is noticed that the velocity near the walls of the tube is lower for the surface roughness parameter and higher in the core part. The behavior of velocity for the remaining parameter is the opposite. The temperature of the current fluid flow increases for all parameters except the surface roughness parameter. The effects of velocity for hybrid nanofluid are prominent as compared with nanofluid in the core part. The temperature profile and heat transfer rate for hybrid nanofluids are lower as compared with nanofluids, which shows the cooling effects. This study is beneficial for hyperthermia, gene therapy, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and inflammatory markers associated with gallbladder dysplasia: A case–control analysis within a series of patients undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Rosa Lorena , Cook Paz , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Kemp Troy J. , Hildesheim Allan , Pehlivanoglu Burcin , Adsay Volkan , Bellolio Enrique , Araya Juan Carlos , Pinto Ligia , Ferreccio Catterina , Aguayo Gloria , Viñuela Eduardo , Koshiol Jill
Published: November 2024

Inflammation has been associated with the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC). However, little is known about the associations of both, inflammation and the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with preneoplastic lesions. We analyzed the association of NSAIDs and gallbladder dysplasia in 82 patients with dysplasia and 1843 patients with gallstones among symptomatic patients from a high‐risk population. We also analyzed associations for 33 circulating immune‐related proteins in a subsample of all 68 dysplasia cases diagnosed at the time of sample selection and 136 gallstone controls. We calculated age‐ and sex‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Biliary colic was reported among most cases (97.6%) and controls (83.9%). NSAID use was inversely associated with gallbladder dysplasia (OR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.26–0.83). Comparing the highest versus lowest category of each immune‐related protein, eight proteins were inversely associated with dysplasia with sex‐ and age‐adjusted ORs ranging from 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12–0.77) for IL‐33 to 0.76 (95%CI: 0.59–0.99) for MIP‐1B. Of those, GRO remained associated with dysplasia (OR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45–0.91) and BCA‐1 was borderline associated (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.54–1.01) after adjusting the logistic regression model for sex, age, and NSAIDs. In conclusion, NSAID users were less likely to have gallbladder dysplasia, suggesting that NSAIDs might be beneficial for symptomatic gallstones patients. The inverse association between immune‐related markers and dysplasia requires additional research, ideally in prospective studies with asymptomatic participants, to understand the role of the inflammatory response in the natural history of GBC and to address the biological effect of NSAIDs.
Update on the diagnosis of canine liver disease
Authors: Butler Tom , Bexfield Nick
Published: November 2024

Background: Liver disease in dogs is relatively common, but diagnosis can be challenging. Advances in veterinary medicine in the past 20 years have provided new and improved methods of diagnosing many different conditions that commonly affect the canine liver.

Aim of the article: This article outlines a logical approach to cases of suspected liver disease in dogs, which can often present with non‐specific clinical signs and clinicopathological findings.
Dexamethasone regime and clinical outcomes in children hospitalized with croup: A cohort study
Authors: D'Arienzo David , Nasser Muhammadhasan , Gill Peter J. , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Parkin Patricia C. , Mahant Sanjay
Published: November 2024

Background

High‐quality trial evidence supports the use of one dose of dexamethasone in the outpatient management of croup; however, there are no inpatient trials, and the optimal treatment regimen for the inpatient management of croup remains uncertain. Significant practice variability exists in the corticosteroid treatment of children hospitalized for croup.

Objective

To evaluate the association of dexamethasone treatment regimen (1 vs. >1 dose) with hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30‐day return to emergency department (ED) visits among children hospitalized for croup.

Methods

A cohort study of children hospitalized for croup at a children's hospital between 2010 and 2022. Children less than 10 years old, without known airway anomalies and who received dexamethasone for croup treatment were included. Children who received 1 dose versus >1 dose of dexamethasone were compared. Propensity score analyses, using inverse probability of treatment weighting, were conducted to estimate the treatment effects of dexamethasone regimen on hospital LOS and all‐cause 30‐day return to ED visit.

Results

Of 471 children hospitalized for croup, 229 (49%) received 1 dose of dexamethasone; 242 (51%) received >1 dose. In the propensity‐weighted analyses, children receiving >1 dose of dexamethasone had a longer mean LOS by 59.6 h (95% CI 44.8–74.5, p < .001) compared with those receiving >1 dose. There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of all‐cause 30‐day return to ED visit; OR 1.30, (95% CI 0.76–2.22, p = .33).

Conclusions

Among children hospitalized for croup, children who received >1 dose of dexamethasone had a longer LOS compared with children who received 1 dose of dexamethasone; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the 30‐day return to ED visits. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal dexamethasone treatment regimen for children hospitalized with croup.
Disorganized thalamic subregional functional connectivity in bipolar I disorder
Authors: Long Xipeng , Wang Xiuli , Cao Yuan , Kong Di , Wu Baolin , Xie Hongsheng , Zhao Ziru , Roberts Neil , Gong Qiyong , Jia Zhiyun
Published: November 2024

Thalamus plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions due to its strategic position and intricate connectivity with the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and other subcortical structures. In the present study, the potential involvement of the thalamus and subregions of the thalamus are explored in bipolar disorder (BD). In particular, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 73 adult patients with BD‐I and 78 healthy controls (HCs). Seed‐based thalamus and thalamic subregional functional connectivity (FC) were compared between the BD‐I patients and HCs. Compared to HCs, patients with BD‐I showed higher FC between the left thalamus and right lingual gyrus and altered FC between the dorsal thalamus and the default mode network and prefrontal regions, which may be correlated with mania symptomatology. In patients with BD‐I, the anterior subregions of the thalamus had higher FC than the posterior subregions. No significant difference in gray matter volume or local functional activity was found in the thalamus and thalamic subregions between BD‐I and HC. These findings provide evidence of disorganized thalamocortical FC in BD‐I, suggesting that the thalamus and its subregions may play important and specific roles in the neural circuitry of BD.
Targeting the DNA damage response in cancer
Authors: Guffanti Federica , Chiappa Michela , Damia Giovanna
Published: November 2024

DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is the coordinated cellular network dealing with the identification, signaling, and repair of DNA damage. It tightly regulates cell cycle progression and promotes DNA repair to minimize DNA damage to daughter cells. Key proteins involved in DDR are frequently mutated/inactivated in human cancers and promote genomic instability, a recognized hallmark of cancer. Besides being an intrinsic property of tumors, DDR also represents a unique therapeutic opportunity. Indeed, inhibition of DDR is expected to delay repair, causing persistent unrepaired breaks, to interfere with cell cycle progression, and to sensitize cancer cells to several DNA‐damaging agents, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, DDR defects in cancer cells have been shown to render these cells more dependent on the remaining pathways, which could be targeted very specifically (synthetic lethal approach). Research over the past two decades has led to the synthesis and testing of hundreds of small inhibitors against key DDR proteins, some of which have shown antitumor activity in human cancers. In parallel, the search for synthetic lethality interaction is broadening the use of DDR inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the state‐of‐art of ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated, ataxia‐telangiectasia‐and‐Rad3‐related protein, checkpoint kinase 1, Wee1 and Polθ inhibitors, highlighting the results obtained in the ongoing clinical trials both in monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Playing sport as a central‐line carrier: a survey to collect the European pediatric intestinal failure centers' view
Authors: Pulvirenti Rebecca , Duci Miriam , Lambe Cecile , Mutanen Annika , Arnell Henrik , Tabbers Merit M. , Fascetti‐Leon Francesco ,   The European Reference Network for rare Inherited and Congenital Anomalies (ERNICA)
Published: November 2024

Background

The administration of home parenteral nutrition improves quality of life for patients with intestinal failure, thus fostering their will to actively participate to social activities. Nevertheless, sports participation can be risky for patients with a central venous catheter (CVC). Despite literature thoroughly proving the positive impact of sports on motor‐psychosocial development, no consistent evidence assessing its role on central‐line complications is available. This study aimed to report the European centers' approach to children with intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition and interested in playing sports, further assessing complications and how to prevent them.

Materials and Methods

A questionnaire focusing on children with intestinal failure regarding physical activity was circulated to 20 centers. Questions assessed the centers' policy for CVC management, the sports‐related recommendations for patients on home parenteral nutrition and complication rates.

Results

Sixteen (80%) centers filled in the questionnaire. Twelve centers reported not to have a standardized formal protocol for catheter care during sports. All centers encouraged patients to perform mild/moderate exercise, whereas high‐contact sports were allowed by one center only. Specific dressings were suggested to protect the vascular access device, especially for water sports. Only one sports‐related complication (rupture) was reported.

Conclusion

This survey emphasizes that sports should not be restricted in patients with intestinal failure and represents a blueprint for sports‐related recommendations for these patients. Prospective studies assessing complication rates are advisable to ensure an improved access to sports for these patients.
Effective interlaminar toughening of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates by extremely low loadings of monolayer graphene oxide
Authors: Gao Chongyang , Mu Binghong , Cheng Shucan , Xu Zhen
Published: November 2024

An interlaminar ultrafine spraying method was proposed for monolayer graphene oxide (GO) modified CFRP nanocomposite laminates. The well‐dispersed monolayer GO nano‐solutions were prepared by multi‐level dispersion and then sprayed on carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg by the ultrafine atomizing technique. A series of GO/CFRP laminate specimens with different GO loadings were fabricated for our fracture toughness tests and SEM characterization. The test results indicated that the Mode I fracture toughness () was enhanced by 140% with quite a low fraction of monolayer GO nanosheets. The distinct toughening effect at such a low level of nano‐contents was attributed to the sufficient quantity of monolayer GO nanosheets and also a uniform distribution, which was found to be more important than the volume/weight fraction as the principal structural parameter. Thus, the proposed interlaminar toughening approach owns the virtues of good effectiveness and especially low cost owing to the largely reduced weight percentage of nanographene, showing a promising potential of industrial scale‐up.

Highlights

Proposed an interlaminar ultrafine spraying method for monolayer GO nanosheets.

Found that the quantity of GO nanosheets is vital in polymer toughening.

Realized significant toughening with extremely low loadings of monolayer GO.

Provided a way with high toughening effect and low cost for industrial scale‐up.
Annealing impact on mechanical performance and failure analysis assisted with acoustic inspection of carbon fiber reinforced poly‐ether‐ketone‐ketone composites under flexural and compressive loads
Authors: Elmas Sinem , Atac Buse , Senol Cahit Orhun , Topal Serra , Yildiz Mehmet , Sas Hatice S.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of the annealing treatment for carbon fiber reinforced Polyether‐ketone‐ketone (CF/PEKK) composite structures under flexural and compressive loadings through reference, pre‐damaged, and annealed sample sets. Significant recovery of pre‐existing damage is observed after the annealing process, following both flexural and compressive loading. Acoustic emission (AE) inspection is employed to monitor the failure behavior and assess the impact of pre‐damage and annealing on CF/PEKK composite. Initially, AE inspection reveals that the reference CF/PEKK material exhibits a notable fiber‐related failure with 85% of cumulative AE counts under flexural load, whereas matrix‐related failures are more pronounced with 92% cumulative AE counts under compressive load. Pre‐damages in the matrix alter the cumulative count percentages and initiation time that are related to matrix, interface, and fiber‐related failures, under flexural and compressive loadings. After annealing, each cumulative AE count percentages are comparable to reference sample values, due to changes in microstructure and relieving of residual stresses. The annealing effect is further validated through dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis results with increased glass transition temperature (Tg) and degree of crystallization (Xc). Overall, these findings indicate that annealing treatment effectively restores structural integrity and improves the mechanical performance of CF/PEKK composites.

Highlights

Annealing aims for damage recovery in CF/PEKK under flexural and compressive loads.

Significant damage recovery in CF/PEKK is seen after annealing.

Annealing raises Tg and crystallinity, and enhances CF/PEKK structural integrity.
Mechanical properties of open‐hole unidirectional laminates: Hybridization of jute unidirectional fabrics with glass fabrics
Authors: Flores André Lima , da Silveira Thamires Alves , Agne Lucas Leal , Acosta Andrey Pereira , Tonatto Maikson Luiz Passaia , de Avila Delucis Rafael , Amico Sandro Campos
Published: November 2024

This study examines the mechanical properties of open‐hole unidirectional laminates by hybridizing jute and glass fabrics. Characterization involved microscopy, thickness variation, density measurements, tensile, and flexural tests. Numerical models were developed for each configuration, validated by experimental data, with a VUMAT subroutine implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit™ to simulate progressive damage using the 3D Hashin criteria. Results showed voids in the interphase regions of both jute‐based and hybrid laminates, indicating that jute fibers contribute to void formation. Thickness varied with the number of hybrid interfaces, with the glass laminate (G5) being thinnest, while jute and hybrid laminates (JGJGJ, JGGGJ and J5) were thicker. Density variation was influenced by the fiber types and their respective densities. Tensile tests revealed lower strength and modulus in jute laminates compared to glass. Open holes reduced tensile properties across laminates, except for G5. Numerical‐experimental tensile strength differences ranged from 0.5% to 6.1% (without hole) and 3.7% to 64.0% (with hole). Open‐hole laminates also showed reduced flexural strength but maintained a consistent flexural modulus. Numerical and experimental results for jute and hybrid laminates matched closely, with differences from 0.02% to 19.5%. Failure modes during tensile and flexural tests provided important insights into laminate behavior.

Highlights

Hybridization of jute and glass fibers led to void formation in interphase regions.

Thickness variation in laminates influenced by the number of hybrid interfaces.

Density variation primarily influenced by fiber types and their densities.

Bi‐component jute laminates showed lower tensile properties compared to glass laminates.

Open holes resulted in decreased tensile properties, except for G5‐H laminate.

Failure modes during tensile testing provided valuable insights into laminate behavior.

Open‐hole laminates exhibited reduced flexural strength with similar flexural modulus.
Development of a Spectrophotometric Flow‐Based System for the Determination of Total Polyphenol Content in Legume Flours
Authors: Osorio Jazmín , Ribas Tânia C. F. , Vasconcelos Marta W. , Rangel António O. S. S.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Conventional nutritional characterization of legume flours comprises costly and laborious analytical methods for nutrient quantification that establish the quality of seeds, including their macronutrient quantification, fiber, mineral, antioxidant content, and more. The quantification of total polyphenol content (TPC) in legumes is performed using different analytic methods, namely the Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) method, which is lengthy and employs potentially toxic reagents. Additionally, it is time‐consuming and prone to human error if carried out in a conventional batch mode.

Objective

To develop a semi‐automatic method for a faster, greener, and more precise TPC quantification, resorting to flow injection analysis (FIA).

Methods

The development of the FIA method was based on the FC method. The flow manifold was structured by performing an array of preliminary studies, which led to the establishment of the method that displayed the highest sensitivity (highest slope of the calibration curve). The method was applied to determine the TPC in various legume flours.

Results

This novel method resulted in a throughput of 1 analysis per minute, allowing to analyze 20 samples in triplicate within an hour, with a LOD of 4.32 mg L−1, a LOQ of 14.4 mg L−1, and an RSD of 4.4%. The results calculated from the proposed FIA method agreed with those of the reference procedure.

Conclusions

By using the FIA system, a lower consumption of reagents was observed. Additionally, as there is no need to reach chemical equilibrium, a high throughput has been achieved, resulting in a faster and greener method for the determination of polyphenols in various types of legumes.
Assessing the dark personality traits with observer reports: A meta‐analysis of inter‐rater agreement on the Dark Triad and Dark Tetrad traits
Authors: Rico‐Bordera Pilar , Pineda David , Galán Manuel , Piqueras José A.
Published: November 2024

Assessing dark personality traits with self‐reports may be hampered by biases such as socially desirable responding. To address this, observer reports could be an effective complement or alternative to self‐reports. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the correlations of observer reports of the Dark Triad and Dark Tetrad traits with these traits' self‐reports. A comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO yielded 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria (with 32 effect sizes) and included the assessment of at least one of the dark traits. Results showed positive self‐observer correlations of medium‐high magnitude for psychopathy (r = 0.47) and of medium magnitude for narcissism and Machiavellianism (respectively, r = 0.44 and 0.41). In addition, for Machiavellianism and psychopathy, it was shown that the better acquainted the observer and the observed, the higher the self‐observer correlations. For sadism, no results could be obtained because only one study included the assessment of this trait. This is the first meta‐analysis of inter‐rater agreement in assessing the Dark Tetrad. The findings suggest that observer reports could be a supplement or even be alternatives to self‐reports when assessing the Dark Tetrad traits.