bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling ecosystem services – a tool for assessing novel ecosystems functioning in the urban-industrial landscape
Authors: Woźniak Gabriela , Bryś Wojciech , Dychkovskyi Roman , Dyczko Artur , Nowak Teresa , Piekarska-Stachowiak Anna , Trząski Leszek , Molenda Tadeusz , Hutniczak Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

The necessary ecosystem services can be effectively provided through the diverse functioning and processes of ecosystems. Apart from services provided by natural and semi-natural ecosystems, the study on ecosystem development on mineral habitats, established as by-products of mining activity, have revealed surprising results. Unrecognised yet crucial ecosystem services can be provided by novel ecosystems that develop spontaneously on mineral sites created due to human activities, such as mineral mining. These mineral habitats and the ecosystems established de novo provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Modelling ecosystem functioning can simulate and predict the effects of interventions on ecosystem services provided by novel ecosystems. This approach supports adaptive management strategies that maximise desired services while minimising negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Understanding the functioning of novel ecosystems and their ecosystem services is crucial for enhancing resilience, promoting restoration efforts, and implementing sustainable land-use practices. Recognising the importance of ecosystem services provided by novel ecosystems and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes can foster public support for conservation initiatives and promote collaboration among diverse stakeholders. This approach is particularly important given that many activities related to the re-development of post-industrial areas, especially post-mining regions, have fallen short of achieving their objectives. The essential role of ecosystem services provided by natural, semi-natural, and novel ecosystems highlights the importance of the ecosystem functioning modelling approaches. Such approaches are needed to understand and quantify these services in the context of adhering to sustainable development principles during urban development.
Gleditsia triacanthos L. biomass as a substrate for bioethanol production
Authors: Hawrot-Paw Małgorzata , Kubus Marcin
Published: December 2024

 The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has intensified interest in exploring biomass for bioenergy production. Selection of suitable feedstock is significant for the economic viability and ecological impact. Lignocellulosic biomass, derived from non-food plants materials, has emerged as an attractive substrate with low cost and no competition to food crops. Gleditsia triacanthos offers a promising alternative due to its widespread availability, adaptability to diverse climates and soil conditions, fast growth, and high biomass yield. This study investigates the potential of G. triacanthos biomass as a viable substrate for bioethanol production through a combination of pretreatment method, microbiological hydrolysis, and fermentation processes. The biological pretreatment method to enhance cellulose accessibility was analysed. Fermentation trials were carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae to assess ethanol yield. Eleven strains with potential cellulolytic activity to the analysed biomass were isolated. The activity index for these strains ranged from 1.09 to 4.86. Results demonstrated that G. triacanthos biomass using selected strains could be converted to fermentable sugars. The highest amount of distillate (83.7 cm3) was obtained after pretreatment and hydrolysis with the BS5 strain (36.3% v/v). These findings indicate that G. triacanthos biomass is a viable and sustainable resource for second-generation bioethanol production, contributing to the development of renewable energy technologies and the mitigation of fossil fuel dependency.
Phytoremediation in aquaculture in Poland as an element supporting the improvement of surface water quality
Authors: Gałczyńska Małgorzata , Wróbel Jacek , Korzelecka-Orkisz Agata , Tański Adam , Formicki Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

Low and poor-quality water resources in Poland require rational and responsible use of them also in aquaculture. In recent years, there has been an increase in fish consumption, but also a change in consumer preferences. The development of innovative aquaculture methods leads to a reduction in water consumption, even by 20%, as is the case with recirculation aquaculture systems with salmonid fish production. In turn, sewage sludge generated in the purification process should be directed to the third stage of their purification, i.e. a hydrophyte lagoon. High requirements for the discharge of post-production water into aquatic ecosystems call for even more restrictive water management at every stage of fish production. The use of phytoremediation based on knowledge about the adaptation of aquatic and wetland plants to development in artificial aquatic ecosystems is an important element supporting the improvement of surface water quality. Thanks to the processes of rhizofiltration, phytoextraction and phytodegradation, hydrophytes effectively participate in reducing the concentration of nutrients and additionally metal ions. In turn, in fish farms focused on intensive carp production, part of the water drained from ponds in autumn can be subjected to phytoremediation in channels with an ecotone zone, thus improving the quality of these ecosystems. The key here is the selection of plants for the proposed solutions using phytoremediation and guaranteeing the effectiveness of this technology
Identification of catchment areas with phosphorus pollution risk for lowland river water quality
Authors: Steinhoff-Wrześniewska Aleksandra , Pulikowski Krzysztof , Strzelczyk Maria , Helis Marek
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to analyse the seasonal variability of phosphorus concentrations and phosphorus content and the impact of catchment development of the Panew Mała River. The study presents the findings of a two-year experimental investigation (comprising 17 measurement series across 12 measurement cross-sections) into the concentration of phosphorus (P) and its soluble form, orthophosphates (PO42−). The mean phosphate concentrations were found to be low, with a range of 0.03 to 0.08 PO42− mg∙dm−3. In contrast, the total phosphorus concentrations were relatively high, with a range of 0.11 to 0.43 mg∙dm−3 The seasonal variability was analysed based on quarterly means and half-yearly periods covering quarters II and III (spring–summer) and quarters I and IV (autumn–winter), respectively. The analysis of spatial variability was conducted using cluster analysis according to Ward’s method, with the Euclidean distance employed as a measure of distance and the results related to the utilisation of different catchment area. Due to the slight differences in the phosphate concentration, the total phosphorus concentration was analysed in detail. The analysis of variance showed no significant differences between phosphorus concentrations in certain quarters, while greater variations were obtained for half-yearly periods. The applied method of grouping the sampling sites made it possible to distinguish several groups of sampling sites, which indicate relations between the values of phosphorus concentration in the waters of Mała Panew and the type of use of the catchment area.
λ-statistical convergence of double sequences of functions via difference operators
Authors: Raj Kuldip , Narrania Devia , Mursaleen Mohammad
Published: December 2024

The paper aims to investigate λ-statistical convergence using modulus function and a generalized difference operator for double sequences of functions for order γ ∈ (0, 1]. Further, we prove that the statistical convergence in the newly formed sequence spaces is not well defined for γ > 1. Finally, we examine relevant inclusion relations concerning λ-statistical convergence and strongly λ-summable in the environment of the newly defined classes of double sequences of functions. Some interesting examples related to the examined results are also discussed in this paper.
Transimperial Sociology: A Peripheral Dictatorship at the Centre of Late Colonial Social-Scientific Cooperation Between Empires
Authors: Ágoas Frederico
Published: December 2024

This text presents a thick description of Portuguese colonial science policy and diplomacy during the era of decolonization with a focus on the social sciences. By examining archival materials from institutions responsible for monitoring Portuguese participation in transimperial organizations for scientific cooperation, it elucidates social-scientific initiatives within the empire and the epistemic and institutional motivations that shaped them, while also providing insight into how these forums interacted across global and imperial contexts. In doing so, the article illuminates the factors that, beyond political circumstances, both drove and delayed the paradigmatic shift in Portuguese colonial science from physical anthropology toward the social sciences. Additionally, it provides a unique, overarching view of these central yet often overlooked actors in the international arena, highlighting their social-scientific drifting, beyond their differences and specificities. This approach holds intrinsic value as it contributes to the history of the Portuguese empire and to the study of late colonialism, underscoring the central role of the social sciences in renewing and legitimizing imperial governance. Additionally, it serves as a case study in the historical sociology of knowledge, expanding on scholarship that has explored the intersection of authoritarianism and imperialism in the natural sciences but not in the social sciences. In terms of the latter, this approach also highlights some of the material and symbolic determinants behind the rise of sociology and social anthropology in Africa, adding a transimperial layer to studies that have explored their colonial origins.
The Influence of Different Food Types on the Morphological Characteristics of Rat Small Intestines
Authors: Hadžiomerović Nedžad , Babović Fuad , Vejzović Anel , Bešić Aida , Čičkušić Elvir , Dučić Nejra , Katica Muhamed
Published: December 2024

Multiple studies have shown the importance of adequate nutrition for animals and humans and its effect on overall health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different nutritional regimes on the intestinal health of rats by evaluating different morphological and morphometric characteristics of small intestines, with the emphasis on the villus height:crypt depth ratio (V:C). For the experimental study, 24 clinically healthy adult Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (group A) was fed with conventional food, the second group (group B) with bakery products, and the third group (group C) with meat products. Samples of the duodenum and jejunum were collected for detailed morphological and morphometric analysis. A significant increase in the duodenal villi height was reported in group B (661.59 µm) and C (602.83 µm) compared to the control group (475.34 µm). The crypt depth values in the jejunum were significantly higher in group B (191.41µm) and C (246.23 µm) compared with the control (145.14 µm). The jejunal V:C ratio was significantly lower in groups B and C. The study showed significant morphological changes in the intestinal parameters in rats fed predominantly with meat and bakery products. These findings could be applicable in both veterinary and human medicine, underlining the significance of consumed food on gut health.
Traces of Internal Evaluation in Art Schools—Experiences Worth Continuing
Authors: Maciejewska Monika
Published: December 2024

Internal evaluation, introduced into the Polish educational system in 2009 as a component of pedagogical supervision, played a significant role in improving the quality of education and school management. Despite its formal removal in 2021, this article examines its lasting impact and developmental potential, particularly within the specific context of artistic schools. A pilot study conducted in 2022 with 148 artistic school directors revealed ambivalent attitudes toward evaluation but also highlighted its significant value in fostering organizational culture and supporting educational innovation.

Directors, as key stakeholders in the evaluation process, identified its positive effects in areas such as improving educational processes, providing psychological support for students, fostering teachers’ professional development, and reorganizing school spaces.

The findings indicate the need to continue evaluation practices in artistic schools, emphasizing the development of an evaluation culture and competency support for educators. Internal evaluation, conducted cyclically and tailored to local needs, can serve as an effective mechanism for school development and enhancing the quality of education. The presented research results encourage further analyses and actions to fully utilize the potential of evaluation in the context of artistic education.
The Positive impact of Greenery on the Mental and Physical Health of the Elderly: A Case Study in the Design of a Hospital Garden
Authors: Zaťovičová Miriam , Kubáňová Martina
Published: December 2024

The positive effects of greenery on human health have been studied for centuries. Knowledge and application of these benefits can be used in hospitals and retirement homes. Residents of these facilities are often mentally or physically disabled; hence creating a suitable exterior area in accordance with the scientific findings of the health benefits of greenery could improve the mental and physical states of the elderly and improve overall living conditions. Nature has calming effects and soothes our minds by driving away attention from the stressful problems of everyday life. Green colour, sounds of birds, water, and leaves decrease levels of stress and contribute to mental well-being. Free access to nature or gardens decreases the bad tempers of the elderly and improves memory and the overall state of patients with dementia. It reduces anxiety and stress, which are precursors for cardiovascular diseases. It helps prevent fall-related injuries and improves mobility and cognitive function. Consequently, contact with nature improves the quality of life, decreases the need for taking medicine, and could prolong life expectancy. As a case study, we present a design of the revitalisation of a hospital garden for the elderly in Bratislava city district of Podunajské Biskupice. It puts the knowledge of these benefits and the needs of various types of patients to practice, so that the garden could be used as an effective healing tool and as a calming area for patients as well as the staff and visitors.
Regional Passenger Aircraft Type of An-158 with a Hybrid Propulsion Parametric Concept
Authors: Loginov Vasyl , Ukrainets Yevgen , Kravchenko Igor , Yelans’ky Olexandr , Fil Serhii , Pushylin Oleksii
Published: December 2024

This study proposes a concept for the design and development of a modification of the An-158 regional passenger aircraft equipped with a hybrid propulsion system. The propulsion configuration includes two turboprop engines and two electric engines, with multidirectional propellers positioned symmetrically at the wing tips. This innovative design reduces wingtip vortices, decreasing inductive drag and improving aerodynamic efficiency. Parametric analyses were conducted using the modular software systems “Integration 2.1” and “Propeller 2.2” for typical flight profiles of the An-158. Despite the added weight from hybrid components, the modified aircraft design demonstrated reduced fuel consumption and harmful emissions in taxiing, takeoff, and climb modes. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid propulsion to enhance environmental performance while maintaining operational efficiency.
Semiempirical Model of the Acoustics of a Supersonic Jet Upon Collision with a Perpendicular Wall
Authors: Oliynik Valery , Batutina Tetyana
Published: December 2024

This study presents a semiempirical model for estimating the acoustic loads generated by a supersonic jet colliding with a rigid perpendicular wall, expanding on traditional methodologies used to assess rocket jet acoustics near the launch structure. Unlike conventional approaches, the proposed model eliminates the need for additional algorithms to describe the flow-surface interaction zone. Instead, it reconfigures acoustic sources attributed to the free jet. Contributions from the undisturbed jet segment, the interaction zone, and acoustic reflection are compared as a function of the nozzle-wall distance. The simulation highlights the dominant role of reconfigured sources in increasing sound levels when the jet interacts with a nearby surface. This methodology is particularly relevant for modeling the acoustic environment during rocket lift-off and can support the engineering design of space vehicles.
Validating Lithium-Polymer Battery Discharge Models to Ensure Uav Flight Safety and Performance
Authors: Shcherban Anastasiia , Eremenko Vladymir
Published: December 2024

This article proposes a methodology for assessing the adequacy of mathematical models for the discharge characteristics of lithium-polymer batteries (LPABs) used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The methodology is based on ISO 5725 standards, focusing on the evaluation of trueness and precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions. Experimental studies were conducted to collect data on LPAB discharge behavior and surface temperature dynamics across a range of environmental conditions (-20°C to +50°C). Key analyses included systematic error evaluation, statistical variance assessment, and the formulation of precision criteria using tools such as pairwise differences, mean square deviation, and statistical tests. The results validate the developed regression and simulation models, confirming their reliability for predicting battery performance under dynamic operational conditions. The study provides a robust framework for UAV battery monitoring, enabling accurate prediction of flight duration and ensuring safe and efficient UAV operation across diverse environmental scenarios.
Physical activity-english language for all: educational research in preschool for a culture of difference and diversity
Authors: Valentini Manuela , Simone Nausicaa
Published: December 2024

Aim.

This experimental study examined the effect of integrating physical activity with English language instruction in preschool with three-year-old students. The project followed the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), an approach that includes students with disabilities, ensuring equal opportunities for success across the entire class group.

Material and method.

The study involved two Italian preschools: My School in Civitanova Marche (MC) and Molini School in Molini di Tenna (FM). The children were divided into an experimental group (N=12) and a control group (N=13). The experimental group participated in an English teaching program based on a body-engagement methodology, while the control group followed a traditional program. Language and motor skills were assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGM) before and after the intervention.

Results.

The results indicated that mean scores for language and motor skills in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group following the intervention. In the TGM test for locomotor skills, the experimental group’s scores increased from 7.25 to 15.08, compared to the control group’s smaller improvement from 7.69 to 10.69 (F(23,1) = 13.65, p = .001). For object control skills, the experimental group improved from 3.50 to 8.42, while the control group showed a more modest increase from 4.62 to 5.77 (F(23,1) = 19.80, p = .000). Similarly, the PPVT test demonstrated a significant improvement in the experimental group (56.17 to 83.50), with no meaningful change in the control group (52.77 to 54.70, F(23,1) = 28.29, p = .000). Mixed ANOVA confirmed the motor-based method's effectiveness in enhancing both language and motor skills.

Conclusion.

The study highlights that integrating physical activity into foreign language teaching can promote more effective and engaging learning for three-year-old children, suggesting an inclusive educational approach. These findings support the use of innovative teaching methodologies based on movement to enhance language and cognitive skills in young learners.
Extended Producer Responsibility – Building The Legal Framework in Vietnamese Law on Environmental Protection From International Experience
Authors: Quynh Nguyen Thi Nhu , Ngoc Vu Van
Published: December 2024

This paper analyses the extended responsibilities of producers (EPR) in Vietnam from a legal perspective. It uses a normative legal methodology to systemise the existing laws and regulations addressing the EPR system since 2005. The results show that EPR provisions in the new Vietnam Law on Environmental Protection 2020 require producers and importers of particular products and packaging to take responsibility for their products after use. Policy instruments in Vietnamese legislation are popular and applied in other countries worldwide. Therefore, implementing these laws in Vietnam will also face similar legal challenges as those commonly found in other developed and developing countries.
PEMBUATAN RAK PENJEMUR KOPI BERBASIS PENGUKUR WAKTU DAN PENYUSUNAN SOP PENJEMURAN BIJI KOPI DI PENGOLAHAN KOPI UNIT AGROFORESTRY KOPERASI PRODUSEN SOLOK SIRUKAM SEPAKAT, KABUPATEN SOLOK
Authors: Mufti Wahyu Fitrianda , Sardani Rizaldi , Viarani Suci Oktri , Akbar Addin , Rahmad Dedy , Ramadian Demi
Published: December 2024

Tujuan dari PKM (Program kemitraan Masyarakat) ini adalah memperkuat kualitas dan meningkatkan kuantitas Rak Pengering kopi Arabika Sirukam melalui penerapan inovasi rak pengering dengan sistem pengontrolan waktu. Metode penyelesaian permasalahan menggunakan metode struktural dan metode pendekatan fungsional. Metode struktural dalam bentuk perancangan dan fabrikasi rak pengering sistem pengontrolan waktu sedangkan metode pendekatan fungsional dilakukan dalam bentuk indentifikasi permasalahan dan pembuatan SOP pengeringan fullwash dan semiwash, Politeknik ATI Padang melakukan implementasi dan pelatihan, sampai pada pendampingan penerapan pengeringan yang baik. Hasil kegiatan telah diproduksi luaran dalam bentuk rak pengering kopi sistem pengontrolan waktu dan SOP pengeringan fullwash dan semiwash. Inovasi sistem pengontrolan waktu pada rak pengering kopi memilki banyak keunggulan dibandingkan rak konvensional biasa.
Fixator Mix-Nature: Experiment of Fixator Composition as a Natural Color Booster For Handmade Batik On Cotton Fabric Media
Authors: Wulandari Tri
Published: December 2024

The natural staining process requires a fixator as a locking or reinforcing agent for colour results. The fixator materials used in general are an alum, lime, and tunjung. The natural nature of colour extract substances and the use of appropriate fixators influences the strength of natural colour results in handmade batik. This Mix-Nature Fixator experimental research combines a mixture of ingredients from alum, lime, and tunjung with a composition ratio of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1, - 2:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:3:1 - 3:1:1, 3:2:1, 3:3:1. The purpose of this study is to compile a table of the composition of mixed fixators of alum, lime, tunjung; to know the components of chemical elements; and to explain the success rate of Fixator Mix-Nature in the fixation process of dyeing natural colour batik on cotton fabrics. This research uses experimental methods and literature studies as the primary data collection techniques. The element test method uses the Qualitative ED-XRF test method. The practice of analyzing natural colour data results compares colour fastness test results to soap washing. The results of this experimental research are: 1) Fixator Mix-Nature table from the comparison of the composition of alum, lime, and tunjung; 2) the chemical elements in the Mix-Nature Fixator can be a unitary component of the reinforcing agent resulting from natural colours; and 3) The success rate of using the Mix-Nature Fixator that most affects the quality of natural colours is A3 Code Fixator. Code A3 Fixator results from Alum material: Chalk: Tunjung in a ratio of 1:3:1 are highly recommended as fixator substances in the fixation of natural colours.
Permodelan Media Ajar Ukir Kayu Bagi Penyandang Disability Intelektual BBRSP di Temanggung
Authors: Sumino Sumino , Mujahidin Ahmat
Published: December 2024

Produk-produk media edukasi berbahan kayu seperti Educational Toys, Puzzles Building, Game Block Sets pada umumnya saat ini mengalami kelesuan, apalagi yang dilengkapi dengan ukiran malahan bisa dikatakan macet. Mengalami kondisi lebih memprihatinkan dikala pandemi Covid-19, selain alasan regulasi pemerintah Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM), juga disebabkan oleh tingkat kreatifitas pelaku per-kayu-an itu sendiri yang tidak biasa melakukan Trend Forecasting yaitu tidak melakukan proses meneliti dan merumuskan prediksi tentang kebiasaan para pengguna di masa depan. Sebuah lembaga sosial yakni Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Sosial Penyandang Disability Intellectual (BBRSPDI) berlokasi di Temanggung merupakan penyelenggara pendidikan bagi penyandang disability intellectual yang kemudian disebut sebagai penerima manfaat, menganggap perlu dan penting adanya media edukasi maupun prototipe ukir kayu sebagai model untuk tujuan demonstrasi atau sebagai bagian dari proses pengembangan pendidikan intelektual. Namun semenjak berdirinya lembaga sosial tersebut belum pernah memiliki model media ajar ukir kayu karena alasan tidak memiliki instruktur ahli bidang ukir maupun karena alasan ketidakmampuan atau Low Accessibility Response bagi penerima manfaat (siswa penyandang disability intellectual). Ukir kayu memiliki kerumitan proses maupun ornamentasinya, sehingga dianggap sebagai aktivitas yang sulit direspon di kalangan siswa difabel. Sesungguhnya tidak demikian, persoalan ukir kayu memiliki muatan teknik dan metode garap berjenjang yakni Basic, Intermediate hingga Advanced, sehingga mudah untuk dipelajari bagi seseorang yang belum pernah mengukir sama sekali. Persoalan mendasar para difabel adalah Intelligence Quotients (IQ) nya rendah, sehingga ada keterlambatan daya nalar mereka dalam menterjemahkan gambar maupun teknik, tetapi masih memiliki kecerdasan adaptif dalam mengelola Emotional Quotient (EQ). Maka masih sangat mungkin untuk memahami bahkan praktik mengukir sekalipun. Metode untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah Practice Ied Reseacrh, yakni metode penggabungan antara praktik kreatif dengan teknik maupun teknologi kreatif yang luarannya adalah produk kreatif berbasis penelitian, yakni mulai dari a). Persiapan atau ekplorasi untuk menggali data hingga pembentukan konsep (Conceptual Practices), b). Pengembangan konsep hingga proses pembuatan desain kreatif (Dialectical Practices), c) Perwujudan atau implementasi hasil penyelidikan untuk melahirkan produk kebaruan (Contextual Practices ). Produk dalam penelitian ini antara lain, a) model media ajar berbahan kayu meliputi produk Educational Toys, Puzzles Building, Game Block Sets.
Physical Activity and Employee Well-Being among Employees during The Covid-19 Pandemic in Jakarta
Authors: Grasiaswaty Novika , Putri Qiftiyah Damiati
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the interrelation between physical activity and employee well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta. Drawing on existing literature, which predominantly links physical activity to health outcomes, this research aims to explore its correlation with employee well-being. Utilizing the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Employee Well-Being (EWB) Scale, both translated into Indonesian, the study employed a correlation analysis to examine these dynamics. The findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between physical activity and employee well-being, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.205 (p < 0.05). This research contributes to the broader understanding of physical activity's impact, extending beyond mere health benefits to encompass employee well-being, thus offering valuable insights for workplace health promotion strategies during unprecedented times like during the pandemic Covid-19.
„Bycie podmiotem” jako wartość i wyzwanie edukacyjne w czasach technopolu
Authors: Morawska Iwona
Published: December 2024

The late rapid development of new media, technologies (including the recent advancements in artificial intelligence), and other phenomena characterizing the “technopoly culture” result in recurring questions and concerns. These questions focus on the conditio humana and strategies of “being” in an increasingly complex world. The article attempts to justify the value of human subjectivity and the ways of understanding and experiencing it. In addition to the meanings as‑signed to subjectivity, the analysis examines the functions that this value performs in the sphere of cognition, self­‑knowledge, learning, communication, and other activities. These functions can serve as effective tools in the “clash” of man with the increasingly expansive technoculture, preventing its dehumanisation and potential dictatorship. The article discusses the ways to develop student subjectivity in the education process (including Polish studies). The general conclusions and reflections formulated at the end of the article concern the title issues.
Czy nauka czytania w wieku przedszkolnym odbiera dziecku dzieciństwo?
Authors: Cieszyńska-Rożek Jagoda
Published: December 2024

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań neurobiologicznych, ukazujących wpływ wczesnej nauki czytania na rozwój struktur kory mózgowej. Zostały zamieszczone w nim wyniki badań eksperymentalnych, dotyczących efektywności stosowania Symultaniczno-Sekwencyjnej Nauki Czytania® w edukacji przedszkolnej oraz w longitudinalnych eksperymentach indywidualnych.
The financial well-being and quality of life of older adults in Nigeria
Authors: Oni-Eseleh Ohiro D. , Badaiki Afesimi D.
Published: December 2024

Nigeria’s pension system has historically been fraught with problems, including fraud, incompetence, and poor implementation. Consequently, older adults are often not adequately served by the system, resulting in a high degree of poverty within that population. However, very little attention has been given by scholars to the economic and social plight of older adults in the country. Using a snowball sampling procedure, we conducted face-to-face and telephone interviews of 45 retired adults residing in 10 states spanning all of Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. The findings revealed some differences in the experiences, financial well-being and quality of life of people who retired under the pension system that existed before the Pension Reform Act of 2014 and those who retired after that. The findings also indicate that pension amounts are inadequate for the basic needs of older adults, resulting in difficulties such as the inability to feed properly and pay for medical care. It is necessary for Nigeria’s leaders to develop policies to address financial insecurity and enhance the quality of life of older adults and provide them with supportive safety nets.
Collaborative Problem-Solving for the ‘Polycrisis’
Authors: Juniper James
Published: December 2024

The paper focuses on the “Polycrisis,” which is first defined and then positioned as the context for a subsequent discussion about both the formal and social conditions for effective collaborative problem-solving. It then highlights the potential for diagrammatic reasoning to contribute to solving what some commentators choose to call ‘wicked-problems’ including those associated natural, economic, and social forms of fragility.  This discussion is informed by pertinent advances in applied category theory, which has a wide range of application-domains including cyber-physical systems, scientific systems, dynamical systems, software engineering, and machine learning. The formal constructs and techniques to be surveyed include optics and parametric lenses, as well as David Spivak’s organisational categories. Optics and lenses have not only been applied to software engineering but also to the modelling of dynamical systems and machine learning. They possess a diagrammatic representation (as string diagrams), which serves as an aid in their deployment (e.g. AlgebraicJulia, Symbolica AI, Haskell applications). The paper argues that these developments should assist users in their collaborative modelling of the Polycrisis by: (i) integrating machine learning, differential programming, and calibration and simulation of dynamical systems; (ii) accounting for subsystem interactions within a larger system that features different stock-flow rates; (iii) accommodating non-linear mappings and weight-sharing; (iv) formally supporting a variety of stochastic influences over the systems that are being modelled; and, (iv) imposing on the whole, the internal logic associated with a topos.
KAJIAN TERHADAP TUJUAN FILOSOFIS DAN REALITAS LEMBAGA NEGARA INDEPENDEN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Fahrozi Muhammad Helmi
Published: December 2024

The establishment of independent state agencies in Indonesia represents efforts to reform and restructure the government in accordance with the mandates of constitutional amendments. These institutions are envisioned to embody the ideals of reform, with high expectations placed on their independence. However, in practice, independent state institutions often face challenges, including issues with performance and accountability, raising fundamental questions about their primary purpose and role within Indonesia's constitutional framework. This study seeks to examine the objectives behind the formation of independent state institutions, their implementation, and their contribution to the constitutional system in Indonesia. Using a normative juridical method with legislative and historical approaches, the research highlights the philosophical values underpinning these institutions. The findings emphasize that their primary purpose is to act as instruments for advancing democracy. However, this role must align with principles of accountability and transparency to the public. Without these principles, independent state institutions risk becoming dependent on other state powers, as observed in cases involving institutions like the Corruption Eradication Commission/KPK. Moreover, persistent challenges, such as legal product controversies involving the General Election Commission/KPU and Indonesian Financial Services Authority/OJK, underscore the need for improved governance and openness to fulfill their intended role effectively.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL CONVENTION IN INDONESIA’S AND AUSTRALIA’S AIR TRANSPORT LAWS ON CARRIER’S LIABILITY
Authors: Sabrie Hilda Yunita
Published: December 2024

The Montreal Convention of 1999 establishes the legal responsibilities of carriers on international flights and has been ratified by numerous countries, including Indonesia and Australia. However, unlike Australia, Indonesia has yet to update its laws and regulations to align with the Convention’s provisions on carrier liability. This legislative gap may result in significant losses for air transportation service users who experience damages from aircraft accidents. This research examines the extent to which the liability provisions of the Montreal Convention have been incorporated into the national legal frameworks of Indonesia and Australia. The analysis employs three methodological approaches: statutory analysis, conceptual examination, and comparative study. The findings highlight the need for Indonesia to amend its regulations on carriers’ limited liability to comply with the standards set by the Montreal Convention, considering Australia’s best practices in its legal framework.
PENDEKATAN FAVOR DEFENSIONIS DALAM MEREALISASIKAN HAK TERDAKWA UNTUK MENGHADIRKAN SAKSI ATAU AHLI
Authors: Susilo Erwin , Rafi Muhammad
Published: December 2024

According to Article 66 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code, public prosecutors are authorized to summon witnesses or experts to strengthen their case against a defendant. In contrast, the defendant is under no obligation to do the same but retains the right to present witnesses or experts in their defense (Article 65). However, challenges arise when defendants must summon witnesses without the backing of pro justitia status, complicating the legitimacy of such summonses. Employing a normative legal approach, it analyzes relevant laws, doctrines, norms, and practices to address the legal inadequacies surrounding the defendant’s right to present exculpatory witnesses or experts, utilizing the Favor Defensionis (FD) doctrine to address these challenges. Key findings include the following: 1) witnesses and experts play a vital role in ensuring verdicts are based on substantive truth, thereby affirming the defendant’s right to present a defense in line with equality of arms and due process principle; 2) ambiguities regarding the pro justitia legitimacy of defendants’ summonses create hesitation among witnesses or experts, impacting their willingness to appear in court; and 3) the FD doctrine supports legal interpretations that favor the defendant to maintain judicial balance. Under this doctrine, public prosecutors should summon witnesses or experts at the request of the defendant or the judge, with judges authorized to order such actions. This approach enables judges’ active judicial participation while preserving defendant’s right to independently call witnesses or experts to support their defense.
ALGORITMA DALAM PRAKTIK PENEMUAN HUKUM MODERN
Authors: Aritonang Rasamala
Published: December 2024

A defining characteristic of modern society is its reliance on general rules and regulations that derive legitimacy from scientific methods and findings, instead of customs or tradition. These rules are not typically enacted by individuals such as kings or priests with divine or prescriptive authority but are instead guided by rational and impersonal principles developed by "experts." Consequently, the modernization of law has involved leveraging scientific and technological advancements, such as the use of algorithms, to develop and improve legal systems. The evolution of legal systems is closely linked to the lawmaking process, often shaped by various legal professionals, particularly judges. This research explores the application of computational algorithms in the lawmaking process, focusing on their accountability and practical implementation. Additionally, it investigates whether legal decisions produced by algorithms can be rationally accepted as embodying "justice" when applied in judicial verdicts. This study employs a normative legal research methodology with an interdisciplinary doctrinal approach to address these questions.
ANALISIS SYARAT ADMINISTRATIF PROSES PEWARGANEGARAAN DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PELAYANAN PUBLIK
Authors: Efendi Virga Dwi , Rizqi Muhammad Fathur
Published: December 2024

Indonesia’s citizenship system offers three distinct pathways for applicants, each with unique administrative processes. These variations impact the agencies involved, the associated costs, and the implementation of citizenship procedures. This research aims to examine the differences in administrative requirements within Indonesia’s citizenship framework from a public policy perspective, as outlined in Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services. The analysis employs a juridical-normative approach to explain the administrative prerequisites for obtaining Indonesian citizenship. The findings highlight the need for transformative measures under Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship, particularly by enhancing coordination among ministries and agencies to deliver more effective and efficient citizenship services.
Sociodemographic profile of users and discontinuation rate of HIV pre-exposure Prophylaxis after the expansion of access
Authors: Nogara Bibiana Letícia , Ziani Jarbas da Silva , Galvão Mileny Rosalina , Poitevin Nádia Antunes , Santos Mylane Genro , Rivas Cláudia Maria Ferrony , Birrer Caroline Arend , Sarmento Isadora Machado , Schorn Isadora de Souza Liberali , Monteiro Francielle Liz
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate whether there was a change in the sociodemographic profile of users of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV and in the discontinuation/abandonment rate after the expansion of access to the entire population at increased risk of infection. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted with 180 (Group 1) and 205 (Group 2) users who started PrEP before and after the expansion of access, respectively. Results: Both groups presented the same sociodemographic profile, characterized by men, cisgender, homosexual, white, aged between 18 and 24 years, with more than 12 years of education, residing in the central region, and belonging to the target population of homosexuals and other men who have sex with men. Comparing the groups, it was observed that after the expansion of access, users aged 40 to 49 adhered to prophylaxis more (p=0.025), as well as those with 4 to 7 years of education (p=0.037). There was a 6.8% increase in the discontinuation rate, exceeding 50% of users in Group 2. Conclusion: The same profile of PrEP users is observed before and after the expansion of access; however, older users and those with lower education levels are adhering more to prophylaxis. The discontinuity rate remains high.
O impacto da impressão 3D no desenvolvimento de medicamentos
Authors: Nazaré Amanda de Oliveira , Mota Luane Coelho Trindade , Albuquerque Pedro Gabriel Santos , Silva Joseane Rodrigues , Queiroz Auriekson Noronha
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da impressão 3D de medicamentos no desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas e sua implicação para a evolução do cenário tecnológico farmacêutico. Metodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura com recorte temporal entre janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2023. Foi utilizada a pergunta norteadora: “Quais as contribuições da impressão 3D de medicamentos no desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas e evolução do cenário tecnológico farmacêutico?” Resultados: A busca nas bases de dados identificou 30 artigos e foram selecionados um total de 11 artigos nos quais as principais formas farmacêuticas impressas em 3D foram óvulos, dispositivos implantáveis, micro agulhas e filmes orais mucoadesivos e as principais técnicas de impressão 3D utilizadas são moldagem por deposição fundida (FDM) e a estereolitografia (SLA). Os artigos selecionados demostram uma notável semelhança no uso da impressão 3D como uma abordagem inovadora para a criação de formas farmacêuticas. Considerações finais: Embora a impressão 3D traga inúmeras oprtunidades para o setor farmacêutico, ainda há desafios em relação a sua complexidade e os custos dos processos. Por fim, a impressão 3D de medicamentos abre  novos caminhos para o tratamento farmacológico personlisado trazendo melhorias significativas ao cuidado do paciente.
Petrographic and petro-geochemical compositions of Mesozoic (?) igneous rocks of the Polovinkinskaya depression (Aldan-Stanovoy shield)
Authors: Ivanov A. I. , Loskutov E. E. , Zhuravlev A. I. , Ivanov M. S. , Kravchenko A. A.
Published: December 2024

The article considers the features of the petrographic and geochemical compositions of the Mesozoic igneous rocks of the Polovinkinskaya depression from earth bores K1, K2, K3, located within the central part of the Aldan-Stanovoy shield, on the boundary of the Tynda and Nimnyr terranes within the Amginskaya zone of tectonic mélange. Based on the relationship of rocks, as well as on the features of the petrographic composition, the following sequence of introduction and formation is assumed: 1) gabbro; 2) hornblende-augite andesites. This is conﬁrmed by the values and variations of the petrochemical composition. According to the petrochemical and geochemical characteristics, gabbros are close to the tholeiitic series. Andesites belong to the calc-alkaline petrochemical series, latites of the shoshonite type. The presence of such rocks as gabbro and andesites is typical for mature island arcs and active continental margins, which does not contradict the existing ideas of predecessors. Similar in geological structure objects are gold-producing gabbro-tonalite-granodiorite-granite (GTGG) massifs of the Urals, which are supra-subduction formations on the active continental margin of the Andean type. The presence of rocks of the GTGG formation within the Polovinkinskaya depression serves as a favorable factor for noble-metal ore-generating processes.
Middle Paleozoic deposits of the northeastern Siberian platform: features of the geological structure and prospects of oil and gas content
Authors: Sivtsev A. I. , Kalinin A. I. , Sivtsev N. A.
Published: December 2024

Brief results of geological exploration for oil and gas within the Lena-Anabar trough and Anabar-Khatanga saddle are presented. The extremely low and uneven level of geological and geophysical study of the territories under consideration and the need to study the Middle Paleozoic complex of sediments are noted. Based on the published and archive information, a brief overview of lithological and stratigraphic descriptions of sections and features of the geological structure of the Middle Paleozoic deposits of the studied territory is made. A paleogeographic diagram of the Middle Paleozoic rift complex of the Laptev plate and the adjacent territory were constructed. The data indicating the oil-source properties of the Devonian deposits within the Anabar-Khatanga saddle are presented. On the basis of geological and geophysical data, an assumption is made about the presence of saliferous deposits in the section of the Kyutyungda graben. The possibility of realizing the oil-source potential of the Vendean-Cambrian deposits in the lower part of the section of the Kyutyungda graben is indicated. The prospects of oil and gas content of the southern part of the Laptev Sea shelf related to the Middle Paleozoic deposits are predicted.
The use of a drilling expander for taking additional samples from a drilled well during the exploration of placer deposits of the cryolithozone
Authors: Egorov I. A. , Tatarinov D. M. , Naberezhny A. D. , Nakhodkin A. A.
Published: December 2024

In this article, we propose a way to replace test pits in the exploration of placer deposits of the cryolithozone. The idea is to take an additional volume of samples from a pre-drilled exploration well by expanding its trunk in a given interval using a specially designed and patented device for local expansion of the borehole section (Patent for Invention No. 2792482 dated November 15, 2022). Thus, by using a drilling expander, it is possible to obtain an additional volume of samples from the well, while the well expansion is performed only in a certain area of the well. If the diameter of the well expansion is 1300 mm or more, then using an expander will allow extracting from a given well interval the same volume of samples that is obtained during the construction of a test pit. This method will make it possible to replace construction of a test pit in the exploration of placer deposits of the cryolithozone, which are characterized by a high proportion of manual labor and require signiﬁcant ﬁnancial resources and time.