bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Draining Lymph Node in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Concepts and Research Perspectives
Authors: Benaglio Francesca , Vitolo Barbara , Scarabelli Martina , Binda Elisa , Bugatti Serena , Caporali Roberto , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Manzo Antonio
Published: February 2015

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, leading to progressive damage of bone and cartilage with functional impairment and disability. Whilst the synovial membrane represents the epicentre of the immune-inflammatory process, there is growing evidence indicating the potential involvement of additional anatomical compartments, such as the lung, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid tissues. Draining lymph nodes represent the elective site for tissue immune-surveillance, for the generation of adaptive immune responses and a candidate compartment for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Despite the precise role of the juxta- and extra-articular lymph node stations in the pathogenesis of RA remaining poorly defined, several lines of research exploiting new technological approaches are now focusing on their assessment as a potential new source of pathobiologic information, biomarkers, and complementary therapeutic targets. In this review we present an updated overview of the main concepts driving lymph node research in RA, highlighting the most relevant findings, current hypothesis, and translational perspectives.
Factors Affecting Definitions of and Approaches to Integrative Medicine: A Mixed Methods Study Examining China’s Integrative Medicine Development
Authors: Zhang Weijun , Pritzker Sonya E. , Hui Ka-Kit
Published: February 2015

Aim. This study identifies existing definitions and approaches among China’s integrative medicine (IM) experts and examines relationships with key characteristics distinguishing individual experts.Methods. Snowball sampling was used to select 73 IM experts for semistructured interviews. In this mixed methods study, we first identified definitions and approaches through analyzing core statements. Four key factors, including age, education, practice type, and working environment, were then chosen to evaluate the associations with the definitions.Results. Four unique definitions were identified, including IM as a “new medicine” (D1), as a combination of western medicine (WM) and Chinese medicine (CM) (D2), as a modernization of CM (D3), and as a westernization of CM (D4). D4 was mostly supported by those working in WM organizations, while D3 was more prominent from individuals working in CM organizations (P=0.00004). More than 64% clinicians had D2 while only 1 (5.9%) nonclinician had D2. Only 1 clinician (1.8%) had D4 while almost 30% nonclinicians had D4 (P=0.0001). Among nonclinicians working in WM organizations, 83.3% of them had D4 (P=0.001).Conclusion. Findings indicate that institutional structure and practice type are factors affecting IM approaches. These results carry implications for the ways in which western countries move forward with the definition and implementation of IM.
The Effects ofBifidobacterium breveon Immune Mediators and Proteome of HT29 Cells Monolayers
Authors: Sánchez Borja , González-Rodríguez Irene , Arboleya Silvia , López Patricia , Suárez Ana , Ruas-Madiedo Patricia , Margolles Abelardo , Gueimonde Miguel
Published: February 2015

The use of beneficial microorganisms, the so-called probiotics, to improve human health is gaining popularity. However, not all of the probiotic strains trigger the same responses and they differ in their interaction with the host. In spite of the limited knowledge on mechanisms of action some of the probiotic effects seem to be exerted through maintenance of the gastrointestinal barrier function and modulation of the immune system. In the present work, we have addressedin vitrothe response of the intestinal epithelial cell line HT29 to the strainBifidobacterium breveIPLA20004. In the array of 84 genes involved in inflammation tested, the expression of 12 was modified by the bifidobacteria. The genes of chemokine CXCL6, the chemokine receptor CCR7, and, specially, the complement component C3 were upregulated. Indeed, HT29 cells cocultivated withB. breveproduced significantly higher levels of protein C3a. The proteome of HT29 cells showed increased levels of cytokeratin-8 in the presence ofB. breve. Altogether, it seems thatB. breveIPLA20004 could favor the recruitment of innate immune cells to the mucosa reinforcing, as well as the physical barrier of the intestinal epithelium.
Revision of a Fractured Uncemented Revision Stem Using a Custom Designed Punch and Retrograde Through-Knee Approach
Authors: Nasr P. J. , Keene G. S.
Published: February 2015

We report a unique case of a fractured modular cobalt chromium connection taper Revitan (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) revision prosthesis. Macroscopic examination revealed a fracture at the diaphyseal-metaphyseal junction of this modular component. This report highlights that fractures can still occur with modern modular prostheses. We are not aware of any published failures of the Revitan revision prosthesis. We also describe a unique method of retrieval for a broken well fixed uncemented femoral stem, using a custom designed extraction instrument via a through-knee approach.
Statistical Analysis of the Tensile Strength of Coal Fly Ash Concrete with Fibers Using Central Composite Design
Authors: Barbuta Marinela , Marin Emanuela , Cimpeanu Sorin Mihai , Paraschiv Gigel , Lepadatu Daniel , Bucur Roxana Dana
Published: February 2015

The influence of coal fly ash and glass fiber waste on the tensile strength of cement concrete was studied using central composite design. Coal fly ash was used to replace 10% of the cement in the concrete mix. Glass fiber was added to improve the tensile properties of the concrete in different dosages and lengths. In total, 14 mixes were investigated, one only with 10% coal fly ash replacement of cement and the other thirteen were determined by the experimental design. Using analysis of variance, the order of importance of the variables was established for each property (flexural strength and split tensile strength). From the nonlinear response surfaces, it was found that higher values of flexural strength were obtained for fibers longer than 12 mm and at a dosage of 1-2%. For split tensile strength, higher values were obtained for fibers with a length of 19–28 mm and at a dosage of 1–1.5%.
Perianal Median Raphe Cyst: A Rare Lesion with Unusual Histology and Localization
Authors: Ünal Betül , Başsorgun Cumhur İbrahim , Eren Karanis Meryem İlkay , Elpek Gülsüm Özlem
Published: February 2015

Median raphe cysts present anywhere between the external urethral meatus and the anus. The cysts can occur at parameatus, glans penis, penile shaft, scrotum, or perineum. Perianal region is an extremely rare location for these lesions. Here we present a 50-year-old male patient who presented with a cystic, fluctuant lesion, located at 12 o’clock in perianal region. Microscopic examination revealed a cystic lesion with keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, and scattered goblet cells. The final diagnosis of the lesion was median raphe cyst. Ciliated cells and perianal localization in median raphe cysts are extremely rare characteristics.
Numerical Analysis of Wind Turbine Airfoil Aerodynamic Performance with Leading Edge Bump
Authors: Asli Majid , Mashhadi Gholamali Behnam , Mesgarpour Tousi Abolghasem
Published: February 2015

Aerodynamic performance improvement of wind turbine blade is the key process to improve wind turbine performance in electricity generated and energy conversion in renewable energy sources concept. The flow behavior on wind turbine blades profile and the relevant phenomena like stall can be improved by some modifications. In the present paper, Humpback Whales flippers leading edge protuberances model as a novel passive stall control method was investigated on S809 as a thick airfoil. The airfoil was numerically analyzed by CFD method in Reynolds number of 106and aerodynamic coefficients in static angle of attacks were validated with the experimental data reported by Somers in NREL. Therefore, computational results for modified airfoil with sinusoidal wavy leading edge were presented. The results revealed that, at low angles of attacks before the stall region, lift coefficient decreases slightly rather than baseline model. However, the modified airfoil has a smooth stall trend while baseline airfoil lift coefficient decreases sharply due to the separation which occurred on suction side. According to the flow physics over the airfoils, leading edge bumps act as vortex generator so vortices containing high level of momentum make the flow remain attached to the surface of the airfoil at high angle of attack and prevent it from having a deep stall.
DNA Damage and Inhibition of Akt Pathway in MCF-7 Cells and Ehrlich Tumor in Mice Treated with 1,4-Naphthoquinones in Combination with Ascorbate
Authors: Ourique Fabiana , Kviecinski Maicon R. , Felipe Karina B. , Correia João Francisco Gomes , Farias Mirelle S. , Castro Luiza S. E. P. W. , Grinevicius Valdelúcia M. A. S. , Valderrama Jaime , Rios David , Benites Julio , Buc Calderon Pedro , Pedrosa Rozangela Curi
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of the antitumor mechanism of 1,4-naphthoquinones and ascorbate. Juglone, phenylaminonaphthoquinone-7, and 9 (Q7/Q9) were evaluated for effects on CT-DNA and DNA of cancer cells. Evaluations in MCF-7 cells are DNA damage, ROS levels, viability, and proliferation. Proteins from MCF-7 lysates were immunoblotted for verifying PARP integrity,γH2AX, and pAkt. Antitumor activity was measured in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. The same markers of molecular toxicity were assessedin vivo. The naphthoquinones intercalate into CT-DNA and caused oxidative cleavage, which is increased in the presence of ascorbate. Treatments caused DNA damage and reduced viability and proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Effects were potentiated by ascorbate. No PARP cleavage was observed. Naphthoquinones, combined with ascorbate, caused phosphorylation of H2AX and inhibited pAkt. ROS were enhanced in MCF-7 cells, particularly by the juglone and Q7 plus ascorbate. Ehrlich carcinoma was inhibited by juglone, Q7, or Q9, but the potentiating effect of ascorbate was reproducedin vivoonly in the cases of juglone and Q7, which caused up to 60% inhibition of tumor and the largest extension of survival. Juglone and Q7 plus ascorbate caused enhanced ROS and DNA damage and inhibited pAkt also in Ehrlich carcinoma cells.
CD69 Is the Crucial Regulator of Intestinal Inflammation: A New Target Molecule for IBD Treatment?
Authors: Radulovic Katarina , Niess Jan Hendrik
Published: February 2015

CD69 has been identified as an early activation marker of lymphocytes. However, recent work has indicated that CD69 plays an essential role for the regulation of inflammatory processes. Particularly, CD69 is highly expressed by lymphocytes at mucosal sites being constantly exposed to the intestinal microflora (one of the nature’s most complex and most densely populated microbial habitats) and food antigens, while only a small number of circulating leukocytes express this molecule. In this review we will discuss the role of CD69 in mucosal tissue and consider CD69 as a potential target for the development of novel treatments of intestinal inflammation.
A Novel Multiscale Edge Detection Approach Based on Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform and Edge Tracking
Authors: Chen Enqing , Wang Jianbo , Qi Lin , Lv Weijun
Published: February 2015

Edge detection is a fundamental task in many computer vision applications. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale edge detection approach based on the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT): a fully shift-invariant, multiscale, and multidirection transform. Indeed, unlike traditional wavelets, contourlets have the ability to fully capture directional and other geometrical features for images with edges. Firstly, compute the NSCT of the input image. Secondly, theK-means clustering algorithm is applied to each level of the NSCT for distinguishing noises from edges. Thirdly, we select the edge point candidates of the input image by identifying the NSCT modulus maximum at each scale. Finally, the edge tracking algorithm from coarser to finer is proposed to improve robustness against spurious responses and accuracy in the location of the edges. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better edge detection performance compared with the typical methods. Furthermore, the proposed method also works well for noisy images.
Insulin Increases Sestrin 2 Content by Reducing Its Degradation through the PI3K/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chai Dandan , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Ziyu , Yang Hanyan , Yu Zhiwen
Published: February 2015

Sestrin (SESN) is known as a cysteine sulfinic acid reductase. Recently, nonredox functions of SESN in metabolic regulation and antitumor property have been recognized. While mechanisms underlying the expression of SESN are not fully understood. Here we report that insulin markedly increased SESN2 level in HepG2 cells through mTOR activation. To determine whether insulin affects SESN2 degradation, we assessed SESN2 turnover by applying the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX), and found that following insulin treatment SESN2 protein levels were reduced significantly slower than non-insulin-treated cells. Furthermore, the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, dramatically increased SESN2 protein and its ubiquitination level while in the presence of MG132 insulin did not further increase SESN2 content, suggesting that insulin increases SESN2 content mainly via inhibiting its proteasomal degradation. We then explored the potential feedback role of SESN2 in insulin signaling by SESN2 siRNA knockdown in HepG2 cells. Following SESN2 knockdown insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation was enhanced and accompanied by reduced PTEN content. Taken together, our study suggests that insulin upregulates SESN2 content via the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway and this effect is attributed to decreased SESN2 degradation. Furthermore, SESN2 via modulating PTEN plays a negative feedback role in insulin signaling.
The Role of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Related Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Human Clinical Trials
Authors: Saez-Lara Maria Jose , Gomez-Llorente Carolina , Plaza-Diaz Julio , Gil Angel
Published: February 2015

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. A number of fermented dairy products contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria, some of which have been characterized as probiotics that can modify the gut microbiota and may be beneficial for the treatment and the prevention of IBD. The objective of this review was to carry out a systematic search of LAB and bifidobacteria probiotics and IBD, using the PubMed and Scopus databases, defined by a specific equation using MeSH terms and limited to human clinical trials. The use of probiotics and/or synbiotics has positive effects in the treatment and maintenance of UC, whereas in CD clear effectiveness has only been shown for synbiotics. Furthermore, in other associated IBD pathologies, such as pouchitis and cholangitis, LAB and bifidobacteria probiotics can provide a benefit through the improvement of clinical symptoms. However, more studies are needed to understand their mechanisms of action and in this way to understand the effect of probiotics prior to their use as coadjuvants in the therapy and prevention of IBD conditions.
Fixed Point Approximation for Asymptotically Nonexpansive Type Mappings in Uniformly Convex Hyperbolic Spaces
Authors: Kang Shin Min , Dashputre Samir , Malagar Bhuwan Lal , Kwun Young Chel
Published: February 2015

We use a modifiedS-iterative process to prove some strong andΔ-convergence results for asymptotically nonexpansive type mappings in uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces, which includes Banach spaces and CAT(0) spaces. Thus, our results can be viewed as extension and generalization of several known results in Banach spaces and CAT(0) spaces (see, e.g., Abbas et al. (2012), Abbas et al. (2013), Bruck et al. (1993), and Xin and Cui (2011)) and improve many results in the literature.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, the Master of Disguise?
Authors: Ironside Emily Charlotte , Hotchen Andrew James
Published: February 2015

The use of IVF has risen dramatically over the past 10 years and with this the complications of such treatments have also risen. One such complication is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with which patients can present acutely to hospital with shortness of breath. On admission, a series of blood tests are routinely performed, including the d-dimer. We present a case of a 41-year-old lady who had recently undergone IVF and presented with chest pain and dyspnoea. In the emergency department, a d-dimer returned as mildly elevated. Consequential admission onto MAU initiated several avoidable investigations for venous thromboembolism. Careful examination elicited a mild ascites and a thorough drug history gave recent low molecular weight heparin usage. Ultrasound scan of the abdomen subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of severe OHSS. The d-dimer should therefore be used to negate and not to substantiate a diagnosis of VTE. This case report aims to highlight the importance of OHSS as an uncommon cause of dyspnoea but whose prevalence is likely to increase in the forthcoming years. We discuss the complications of the misdiagnosis of OHSS, the physiology behind raised d-dimers, and the potential harm from incorrect treatment or inappropriate imaging.
Thrombus Formation in Left Atrium on Dabigatran Therapy
Authors: Shah Priyank , Mithawala Priyam , Konlian Donna , Soyombo Aderemi , Bikkina Mahesh
Published: February 2015

Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor, approved in the United States for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and prevention and treatment of thromboembolism. It has been also used in patients with documented left atrial thrombus, where treatment with dabigatran effectively led to thrombus resolution. We present a rare case of left atrial thrombus formation in a patient with chronic atrial fibrillation being treated with dabigatran 150 mg twice a day. The patient presented with multiple embolic strokes. There are only three such cases reported in the literature till date, all of whom had thrombus in the left atrium. The possible mechanisms of dabigatran failure include compensatory increase in upstream coagulation factors due to single level downstream blockade of thrombin, lack of inhibition of all available thrombin, and lack of monitoring measures that can be implemented in common clinical laboratories that lead to failure to assess adherence, which in turn can lead to dabigatran failure.
Some Results for Periodic Solutions of a Kind of Liénard Equation
Authors: Wang Yong , Yi Xiangyi
Published: February 2015

We investigate the following Liénard-typep-Laplacian equation with a deviating argument(φp(x′t))′+f(xt)x′t+βtgxt-τt=e(t). Some new criteria for guaranteeing the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions of this equation are given by using the Manásevich-Mawhin continuation theorem and some analysis techniques. Our results hold under weaker conditions than some known results from the literature and are more effective. In the last section, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the applications of the theoretical results.
Growth of Solutions with Positive Initial Energy to Systems of Nonlinear Wave Equations with Damping and Source Terms
Authors: Pişkin Erhan
Published: February 2015

We consider initial-boundary conditions for coupled nonlinear wave equations with damping and source terms. We prove that the solutions of the problem are unbounded when the initial data are large enough in some sense.
Tai Chi Chuan Exercise for Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pan Yuanqing , Yang Kehu , Shi Xiue , Liang Haiqian , Zhang Fengwa , Lv Qingfang
Published: February 2015

Objective. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a form of aerobic exercise that may be an effective therapy for improving psychosomatic capacity among breast cancer survivors. This meta-analysis analyzed the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of TCC in relieving treatment-related side effects and quality of life in women with breast cancer.Methods. RCTs were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through April 2014. Data were analyzed on pathology (pain, interleukin-6, and insulin-like growth factor 1), physical capacity (handgrip, limb physical fitness, and BMI), and well-being (physical, social, emotional, and general quality of life).Results. Nine RCTs, including a total of 322 breast cancer patients, were examined. Compared with control therapies, the pooled results suggested that TCC showed significant effects in improving handgrip dynamometer strength, limb elbow flexion (elbow extension, abduction, and horizontal adduction). No significant differences were observed in pain, interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor, BMI, physical well-being, social or emotional well-being, or general health-related quality of life.Conclusion. The short-term effects of TCC may have potential benefits in upper limb functional mobility in patients with breast cancer. Additional randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up are needed to provide more reliable evidence.
Administration ofBifidobacterium brevePS12929 andLactobacillus salivariusPS12934, Two Strains Isolated from Human Milk, to Very Low and Extremely Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Moles Laura , Escribano Esperanza , de Andrés Javier , Montes María Teresa , Rodríguez Juan M. , Jiménez Esther , Sáenz de Pipaón Miguel , Espinosa-Martos Irene
Published: February 2015

The preterm infant gut has been described as immature and colonized by an aberrant microbiota. Therefore, the use of probiotics is an attractive practice in hospitals to try to reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. The objective of this pilot study was to elucidate if administration of two probiotic strains isolated from human milk to preterm infants led to their presence in feces. In addition, the evolution of a wide spectrum of immunological compounds, including the inflammatory biomarker calprotectin, in both blood and fecal samples was also assessed. For this purpose, five preterm infants received two daily doses (~109 CFU) of a 1 : 1 mixture ofBifidobacterium brevePS12929 andLactobacillus salivariusPS12934. Bacterial growth was detected by culture-dependent techniques in all the fecal samples. The phylumFirmicutesdominated in nearly all fecal samples whileL. salivariusPS12934 was detected in all the infants at numerous sample collection points andB. brevePS12929 appeared in five fecal samples. Finally, a noticeable decrease in the fecal calprotectin levels was observed along time.
Wearable Fabric Reconfigurable Beam-Steering Antenna for On/Off-Body Communication System
Authors: Kang Seonghun , Jung Chang Won
Published: February 2015

This paper presents a comparison of on-body performances between omnidirectional (loop antenna) and reconfigurable beam-steering antennas. Both omnidirectional and reconfigurable antennas were manufactured on the same fabric substrate and operated at the frequency band of the WLAN 802.11a (5.725–5.85 GHz). The reconfigurable antenna was designed to steer the beam directions. In order to implement the beam-steering capability, the antenna used two PIN diodes. The maximum beam directions of three states (states 0, 1, and 2) were steerable in theYZ-plane (h=2°, 28°, and 326°, resp.). The measured peak gains were 5.9–6.6 dBi and the overall half power beam width (HPBW) was 102°. The measured results of total radiated power (TRP) and total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) indicated that the communication efficiency of the reconfigurable beam steering antenna was better than that of the loop antenna. When the input power was 0.04 W (16 dBm), the simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) values of the reconfigurable beam steering antenna on the body were less than 0.979 W/kg (1 g tissue) in all states, satisfying the SAR criteria of the US.
The Affymetrix DMET Plus Platform Reveals Unique Distribution of ADME-Related Variants in Ethnic Arabs
Authors: Wakil Salma M. , Nguyen Cao , Muiya Nzioka P. , Andres Editha , Lykowska-Tarnowska Agnieszka , Baz Batoul , Tahir Asma I. , Meyer Brian F. , Morahan Grant , Dzimiri Nduna
Published: February 2015

Background. The Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters (DMET) Plus Premier Pack has been designed to genotype 1936 gene variants thought to be essential for screening patients in personalized drug therapy. These variants include the cytochrome P450s (CYP450s), the key metabolizing enzymes, many other enzymes involved in phase I and phase II pharmacokinetic reactions, and signaling mediators associated with variability in clinical response to numerous drugs not only among individuals, but also between ethnic populations.Materials and Methods. We genotyped 600 Saudi individuals for 1936 variants on the DMET platform to evaluate their clinical potential in personalized medicine in ethnic Arabs.Results. Approximately 49% each of the 437 CYP450 variants, 56% of the 581 transporters, 56% of 419 transferases, 48% of the 104 dehydrogenases, and 58% of the remaining 390 variants were detected. Several variants, such as rs3740071, rs6193, rs258751, rs6199, rs11568421, and rs8187797, exhibited significantly either higher or lower minor allele frequencies (MAFs) than those in other ethnic groups.Discussion. The present study revealed some unique distribution trends for several variants in Arabs, which displayed partly inverse allelic prevalence compared to other ethnic populations. The results point therefore to the need to verify and ascertain the prevalence of a variant as a prerequisite for engaging it in clinical routine screening in personalized medicine in any given population.
Motion Segmentation by New Three-View Constraint from a Moving Camera
Authors: Xu Fuyuan , Gu Guohua , Ren Kan , Qian Weixian
Published: February 2015

We propose a new method for the motion segmentation using a moving camera. The proposed method classifies each image pixel in the image sequence as the background or the motion regions by applying a novel three-view constraint called the “parallax-based multiplanar constraint.” This new three-view constraint, being the main contribution of this paper, is derived from the relative projective structure of two points in three different views and implemented within the “Plane + Parallax” framework. The parallax-based multiplanar constraint overcomes the problem of the previous geometry constraint and does not require the reference plane to be constant across multiple views. Unlike the epipolar constraint, the parallax-based multiplanar constraint modifies the surface degradation to the line degradation to detect the motion objects followed by a moving camera in the same direction. We evaluate the proposed method with several video sequences to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the parallax-based multiplanar constraint.
Results of Surgical Treatment of Schwannomas Arising from Extremities
Authors: Gosk Jerzy , Gutkowska Olga , Urban Maciej , Wnukiewicz Witold , Reichert Paweł , Ziółkowski Piotr
Published: February 2015

Schwannomas are benign neoplasms derived from Schwann cells. In this work, we present our experience in operative management of schwannomas and analyse results of treatment. Clinical material consisted of 34 patients, in whom 44 schwannomas located in extremities were excised between 1985 and 2013. Thirty-five tumours originated from major peripheral nerves and 9 from small nerve branches. Postoperatively, in the first group of tumours, pain resolved in 100%, paresthesias in 83.3%, and Hoffmann-Tinel sign in 91.6% of the patients. Improvement in motor function was noted in 28.5% of the cases, in sensory function: complete in 70%, and partial in 15%. The most frequently affected major peripheral nerves were the ulnar (11 tumours) and median (5 tumours) nerves. Schwannomas originating from small nerve branches were removed without identification of the site of origin. After their resection, definitive healing was achieved.Conclusions. (1) Schwannomas located in extremities arise predominantly from major peripheral nerves, most commonly the ulnar and median nerves. (2) Gradual tumour growth causes exacerbation of compression neuropathy, creating an indication for surgery. (3) In most cases, improvement in peripheral nerve function after excision of schwannoma is achieved. (4) The risk of new permanent postoperative neurological deficits is low.
Block Hybrid Collocation Method with Application to Fourth Order Differential Equations
Authors: Yap Lee Ken , Ismail Fudziah
Published: February 2015

The block hybrid collocation method with three off-step points is proposed for the direct solution of fourth order ordinary differential equations. The interpolation and collocation techniques are applied on basic polynomial to generate the main and additional methods. These methods are implemented in block form to obtain the approximation at seven points simultaneously. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the efficiency of the method. The method is also applied to solve the fourth order problem from ship dynamics.
Unusual Presentation of Meckel’s Diverticulum: Gangrene due to Axial Torsion
Authors: Rencuzogullari Ahmet , Dalci Kubilay , Yalav Orcun
Published: February 2015

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the small bowel. The majority of cases are asymptomatic; however, life-threatening complications can also take place. We present a case of a 37-year-old male who was admitted with symptoms of acute, severe abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. The patient was operated on with the preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis but the operative findings were consistent with torted Meckel’s diverticulum due to presence of mesodiverticular band and he was treated successfully with surgical resection.
Improving Ammonium and Nitrate Release from Urea Using Clinoptilolite Zeolite and Compost Produced from Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Omar Latifah , Ahmed Osumanu Haruna , Majid Nik Muhamad Ab.
Published: February 2015

Improper use of urea may cause environmental pollution through NH3 volatilization and leaching from urea. Clinoptilolite zeolite and compost could be used to control N loss from urea by controlling and release from urea. Soil incubation and leaching experiments were conducted to determine the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite and compost on controlling and losses from urea. Bekenu Series soil (Typic Paleudults) was incubated for 30, 60, and 90 days. A soil leaching experiment was conducted for 30 days. Urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost significantly reduced and release from urea (soil incubation study) compared with urea alone, thus reducing leaching of these ions. Ammonium and leaching losses during the 30 days of the leaching experiment were highest in urea alone compared with urea with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost treatments. At 30 days of the leaching experiment, retention in soil with urea amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost was better than that with urea alone. These observations were because of the high pH, CEC, and other chemical properties of clinoptilolite zeolite and compost. Urea can be amended with clinoptilolite zeolite and compost to improve and release from urea.
Mimicking Multimodal Contrast with Vertex Component Analysis of Hyperspectral CARS Images
Authors: Tabarangao Joel T. , Slepkov Aaron D.
Published: February 2015

We show the applicability of vertex component analysis (VCA) of hyperspectral CARS images in generating a similar contrast profile to that obtained in “multimodal imaging” that uses signals from three separate nonlinear optical techniques. Using an atherosclerotic rabbit aorta test image, we show that the VCA algorithm provides pseudocolor contrast that is comparable to multimodal imaging, thus suggesting that under certain conditions much of the information gleaned from a multimodal nonlinear optical approach can be sufficiently extracted from the CARS hyperspectral stack itself. This is useful for unsupervised contrast generation on hyperspectral CARS implementations such as multiplex CARS that may not have multimodal capabilities. The utility of VCA as a quantitative analysis tool in CARS is also addressed.
Computing Assortative Mixing by Degree with thes-Metric in Networks Using Linear Programming
Authors: Waldorp Lourens J. , Schmittmann Verena D.
Published: February 2015

Calculation of assortative mixing by degree in networks indicates whether nodes with similar degree are connected to each other. In networks with scale-free distribution high values of assortative mixing by degree can be an indication of a hub-like core in networks. Degree correlation has generally been used to measure assortative mixing of a network. But it has been shown that degree correlation cannot always distinguish properly between different networks with nodes that have the same degrees. The so-calleds-metric has been shown to be a better choice to calculate assortative mixing. Thes-metric is normalized with respect to the class of networks without self-loops, multiple edges, and multiple components, while degree correlation is always normalized with respect to unrestricted networks, where self-loops, multiple edges, and multiple components are allowed. The challenge in computing the normalizeds-metric is in obtaining the minimum and maximum value within a specific class of networks. We show that this can be solved by using linear programming. We use Lagrangian relaxation and the subgradient algorithm to obtain a solution to thes-metric problem. Several examples are given to illustrate the principles and some simulations indicate that the solutions are generally accurate.
Top-kBased Adaptive Enumeration in Constraint Programming
Authors: Soto Ricardo , Crawford Broderick , Palma Wenceslao , Monfroy Eric , Olivares Rodrigo , Castro Carlos , Paredes Fernando
Published: February 2015

Constraint programming effectively solves constraint satisfaction and optimization problems by basically building, pruning, and exploring a search tree of potential solutions. In this context, a main component is the enumeration strategy, which is responsible for selecting the order in which variables and values are selected to build a possible solution. This process is known to be quite important; indeed a correct selection can reach a solution without failed explorations. However, it is well known that selecting the right strategy is quite challenging as their performance is notably hard to predict. During the last years, adaptive enumeration appeared as a proper solution to this problem. Adaptive enumeration allows the solving algorithm being able to autonomously modifying its strategies in solving time depending on performance information. In this way, the most suitable order for variables and values is employed along the search. In this paper, we present a new and more lightweight approach for performing adaptive enumeration. We incorporate a powerful classification technique named Top-kin order to adaptively select strategies along the resolution. We report results on a set of well-known benchmarks where the proposed approach noticeably competes with classical and modern adaptive enumeration methods for constraint satisfaction.
Output Strictly Passive Control of Uncertain Singular Neutral Systems
Authors: Wang Jichun , Zhang Qingling , Xiao Dong
Published: February 2015

This paper concerns the problem of output strictly passive control for uncertain singular neutral systems. It introduces a new effective criterion to study the passivity of singular neutral systems. Compared with the previous approach, this criterion has no equality constraints. And the state feedback controller is designed so that the uncertain singular neutral systems are output strictly passive. In terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) and Lyapunov function, the strictly passive criterion is formulated. And the desired passive controller is given. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Approximate Derivations with the Radical Ranges of Noncommutative Banach Algebras
Authors: Roh Jaiok , Chang Ick-Soon
Published: February 2015

We consider the derivations on noncommutative Banach algebras, and we will first study the conditions for a derivation on noncommutative Banach algebra. Then, we examine the stability of functional inequalities with a derivation. Finally, we take the derivations with the radical ranges on noncommutative Banach algebras.
Delayed Total Breast Reconstruction with Brava
Authors: Hammer-Hansen Niels , Jensen Thomas Bo , Damsgaard Tine Engberg
Published: February 2015

Several surgical procedures exist in regard to reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy. The use of Brava a vacuum-based external soft-tissue expansion system in combination with fat transplantation is a less documented but viable option in treating patients after mastectomy. We share our experience in treating a 57-year-old patient with mastectomy, describing the complications and pitfalls we experienced when using the Brava system in combination with fat transplantation.
Application of Bladder Acellular Matrix in Urinary Bladder Regeneration: The State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: Pokrywczynska Marta , Gubanska Iga , Drewa Gerard , Drewa Tomasz
Published: February 2015

Construction of the urinary bladderde novousing tissue engineering technologies is the “holy grail” of reconstructive urology. The search for the ideal biomaterial for urinary bladder reconstruction has been ongoing for decades. One of the most promising biomaterials for this purpose seems to be bladder acellular matrix (BAM). In this review we determine the most important factors, which may affect biological and physical properties of BAM and its regeneration potential in tissue engineered urinary bladder. We also point out the directions in modification of BAM, which include incorporation of exogenous growth factors into the BAM structure. Finally, we discuss the results of the urinary bladder regeneration with cell seeded BAM.
An Energy‐Efficient Cluster‐Based Vehicle Detection on Road Network Using Intention Numeration Method
Authors: Devasenapathy Deepa , Kannan Kathiravan
Published: February 2015

The traffic in the road network is progressively increasing at a greater extent. Good knowledge of network traffic can minimize congestions using information pertaining to road network obtained with the aid of communal callers, pavement detectors, and so on. Using these methods, low featured information is generated with respect to the user in the road network. Although the existing schemes obtain urban traffic information, they fail to calculate the energy drain rate of nodes and to locate equilibrium between the overhead and quality of the routing protocol that renders a great challenge. Thus, an energy‐efficient cluster‐based vehicle detection in road network using the intention numeration method (CVDRN‐IN) is developed. Initially, sensor nodes that detect a vehicle are grouped into separate clusters. Further, we approximate the strength of the node drain rate for a cluster using polynomial regression function. In addition, the total node energy is estimated by taking the integral over the area. Finally, enhanced data aggregation is performed to reduce the amount of data transmission using digital signature tree. The experimental performance is evaluated with Dodgers loop sensor data set from UCI repository and the performance evaluation outperforms existing work on energy consumption, clustering efficiency, and node drain rate.
HIV and the Gut Microbiota, Partners in Crime: Breaking the Vicious Cycle to Unearth New Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Vyboh Kishanda , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali , Mehraj Vikram , Routy Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2015

The gut microbiota plays a key role in health and immune system education and surveillance. The delicate balance between microbial growth and containment is controlled by the immune system. However, this balance is disrupted in cases of chronic viral infections such as HIV. This virus is capable of drastically altering the immune system and gastrointestinal environment leading to significant changes to the gut microbiota and mucosal permeability resulting in microbial translocation from the gut into the peripheral blood. The changes made locally in the gut have far-reaching consequences on the other organs of the body starting in the liver, where microbes and their products are normally filtered out, and extending to the blood and even brain. Microbial translocation and their downstream effects such as increased indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme expression and activity create a self-sustaining feedback loop which enhances HIV disease progression and constitute a vicious cycle of inflammation and immune activation combining viral and bacterial factors. Understanding this self-perpetuating cycle could be a key element in developing new therapies aimed at the gut microbiota and its fallout after infection.
Evolutionary Marginal Cost Pricing Scheme Implementation Based on Stochastic Traffic Flow Information
Authors: Xu Wei , Sumalee Agachai
Published: February 2015

Traditionally, to implement the first-best marginal cost pricing scheme in a traffic network requires the information on the exact demand function or true origin-destination demand, which, however, is rarely available in practice. To overcome this dilemma, the trial-and-error method has been proposed to find the marginal cost toll through an iterative process using the observed traffic volumes. This method guarantees the convergence of tolls and flows to the system optimal state under the assumption of deterministic traffic conditions. However, in reality, the uncertainty of transportation network has been recognized well that induces the variability of link flow and travel time. Therefore, this paper proposes an evolutionary implementation method that iteratively finds the first-best marginal cost toll pattern according to the observed stochastic link flow information and the known travel time functions. The proof of the convergence of the iterative algorithm is presented. The paper also analyzes the effect of the sampling error of the link flow data on the convergence of the algorithm and shows that the biases from the flow observation will not affect the convergence. The numerical tests are provided for the illustration of the algorithm.
Antimicrobial Activity of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids: An Update
Authors: Jesus Jéssica A. , Lago João Henrique G. , Laurenti Márcia D. , Yamamoto Eduardo S. , Passero Luiz Felipe D.
Published: February 2015

Triterpenoids are the most representative group of phytochemicals, as they comprise more than 20,000 recognized molecules. These compounds are biosynthesized in plants via squalene cyclization, a C30hydrocarbon that is considered to be the precursor of all steroids. Due to their low hydrophilicity, triterpenes were considered to be inactive for a long period of time; however, evidence regarding their wide range of pharmacological activities is emerging, and elegant studies have highlighted these activities. Several triterpenic skeletons have been described, including some that have presented with pentacyclic features, such as oleanolic and ursolic acids. These compounds have displayed incontestable biological activity, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects, which were not included in a single review until now. Thus, the present review investigates the potential use of these triterpenes against human pathogens, including their mechanisms of action, viain vivostudies, and the future perspectives about the use of compounds for human or even animal health are also discussed.
The Effectiveness of Short Message Service to Assure the Preparation-to-Colonoscopy Interval before Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy
Authors: Park Jongha , Kim Tae-Oh , Lee Nae-Young , Kim Hyoungjun , Seo Eun Hee , Heo Nae-Yun , Park Seung Ha , Moon Young-Soo
Published: February 2015

Background/Aims.The preparation-to-colonoscopy (PC) interval is one of several important factors for the bowel preparation. Short message service (SMS) reminder from a cellular phone has been suggested to improve compliance in various medical situations. We evaluated the effectiveness of SMS reminders to assure the PC interval for colonoscopy.Methodology.This prospective randomized study was investigator blinded. In the No-SMS group, patients took the first 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) between 6 and 8 PM on the day before colonoscopy and the second 2 L PEG approximately 6 hours before the colonoscopy without SMS. In the SMS group, patients took first 2 L PEG in the same manner as the No-SMS group and the second 2 L PEG after receiving an SMS 6 hours before the colonoscopy.Results.The SMS group had a lower score than the No-SMS group, according to the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale(P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compliance with diet instructions (odds ratio (OR) 2.109; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–3.99,P=0.022) and intervention using SMS ((OR) 2.329; 95% (CI), 1.34–4.02,P=0.002) were the independent significant factors for satisfactory bowel preparation.Conclusions.An SMS reminder to assure PC interval improved the bowel preparation quality for colonoscopy with bowel preparation.
Energy Efficiency and QoS Enhancement for Wireless Sensor Networks with Applications to Long-Narrow Structures
Authors: Luo Chengming , Li Wei , Yang Hai , Xin Gaifang , Ying Baohua
Published: February 2015

There is a class of special environments, such as roads, mines tunnels, rivers, bridges, and pipelines, whose geographical shapes are long-narrow for several hundred meters. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be applied to monitor these environments. Long-narrow structure makes the WSN face plenty of challenges, such as unbalanced energy consumption and data aggregation. This paper proposes a nonuniform symmetric cluster model (NUSCM) using reasonable coverage routing controlling. The NUSCM consists of two base stations, sensor node clusters (SNCs) and transmission node clusters (TNCs), which can make the sensor networks be scalable to cover various long-narrow structures. Hierarchical nodes spacing and routing strategy of NUSCM are addressed. Furthermore, we simulate the proposed NUSCM, in comparison with the nonuniform deployment with two base stations (NUD-TBS) and uniform deployment with two base stations (UD-TBS). Research results indicate that the NUSCM and NUD-TBS have the same energy efficiency, which are better than that of UD-TBS. Moreover, NUSCM is superior to the UD-TBS and NUD-TBS in the link communication load and network survivability.