bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Radiological Correlation of Ameloblastoma among the patients attending in the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Hakim Md Abdul , Bijou Shahanaz Akter , Rahman Md Shoyeb , Jakee Azam Sohan Abu Sayem Muhammad , Iqbal Md Sied , Nawar Nawshin
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The cause of this observation turned into a change to evaluate the clinical and radiological abilities of 35 intraosseous ameloblastomas.
Study design: Data regarding the patients' time, sex, tumour locations, and surgical remedy history, just like the radiographic findings and the type of recurrences, had been analyzed.
Results: The patient ranged from 10 to 69 years (mean, 27.8 years). 19 (54.29%) of the 35 topics were males, and 16 (45.71%) were females. 33 (94.29%) of the 35 ameloblastomas had been located in the mandible. The swelling turned into changed into the maximum now no longer; uncommon vicinity symptom and changed right into an expert via way of 13(37.14%) patients. Radiographically, 22 (62.85%) of the 35 tumours had been unilocular with a well-demarcated border. Of the final 13 instances, 10 had been multilocular and 3 had been of cleaning soap bubble appearance. 16 instances of ameloblastoma had advanced in a cyst. The not unusual place recurrence charge turned into changed to 20%, and the commonplace vicinity age of the affected person at recurrence was modified to 26.4 years.
Conclusion: When the assessment of ameloblastoma in greater younger humans stays unsure after medical and radiologic examination, a biopsy is necessary. Follow-up at normal durations after surgical operation is likewise recommended.
TAJ 2023; 36: No-2: 77-82
Modern scientific approach to the treatment of gingivitis associated with biofilm in children and adolescents
Authors:   National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomoletsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khomenko L. , Holubieva I. ,   National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomoletsa, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Summary. The article covers the modern scientifically based treatment concept of gingivitis, associated with biofilm, in childhood and adolescence. It is emphasized that the priority direction of combating microbial biofilm is regular individual and professional hygiene of the oral cavity. Mechanisms of action and age criteria for choosing antibacterial and antiinflammatory drugs for treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children and adolescents are described. The need for supportive therapy to ensure periodontal health in children and adults is substantiated. Key words: children, gingivitis, biofilm, professional hygiene, treatment.
Analysis of the prevalence of partial dentition defects and the need for bone grafting for endosseous implants in distally unlimited dentition defects
Authors:   National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomoletsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vasylyshyn U. , Skibitskyi V. ,   National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomoletsa, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Relevance of research. In planning the treatment of partial edentulousness, the Kennedy classification of dentition defects plays an important role in the choice of the type and design of the prosthesis. The structure and morphology of dentition defects, in particular distally unlimited ones, is of great importance in the context of planning effective prosthetic rehabilitation of patients, including pre-prosthetic surgical preparation. The purpose of the study: to investigate the prevalence and structure of dentition defects and the need for bone grafting for the placement of endosseous implants in distally unlimited dentition defects for successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Materials and methods. Radiological, statistical and digital modelling methods were used for the study. Results and discussion. Partial absence of teeth is one of the most common types of pathology of the dental system. According to the results of the analysis of 198 computed tomography scans of the jaws, 76.76% of patients aged 25-60 years had partial defects in the dentition. Distally unlimited defects were found in 46.35% of jaws with partial edentulousness in the age group of 25-60 years. It should be noted that 15.7% of patients had combined distally unlimited defects of the dentition on both jaws. Based on the study data, a large percentage (42.37%) of jaws with Kennedy class I dentition defects that required bone grafting was noted, and a slightly lower percentage (26.53%) of those requiring bone grafting in Kennedy class II. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the need for careful planning of the surgical and orthopedic stages of implantsupported prosthetics, risk assessment and, to some extent, delay of the final stage of prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with distally unlimited dentition defects. Key words: distally unlimited defects of the dentition, Kennedy classification, bone grafting, endosseous implants.
Study of changes in the state of local and general nonspecific resistance of the organism in patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis at galvanic pathology in the oral cavity
Authors:   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tymofieiev O. , Cherednichenko A. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Purpose: to determine the state of local and general nonspecific resistance to the body in the dynamics of surgical treatment of patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in the presence of galvanic pathology in the oral cavity and to clarify the causes of postoperative inflammatory complications. Methods: 56 examined subjects with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis were divided into two observation groups, which were subjected to immunological and general clinical examination methods. Results. In 30 patients with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis with oral galvanism (compensated and decompensated forms), no decrease in local and general nonspecific resistance was observed. In 26 patients with oral galvanism (atypical and typical forms), a decrease in immunity was observed. Conclusions. Based on the examination of 56 patients with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis in the presence of galvanic pathology in the oral cavity, it was found that in the case of galvanosis, there is a decrease in local and general nonspecific resistance of the body, which, in turn, in all patients leads to the development of inflammatory complications in the periosteal soft tissues and in the bone wound of the jaw, i.e., osteomyelitis (34.6%). Key words: chronic maxillary sinusitis, maxillary sinus, galvanic pathology, functional activity of neutrophils, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, contact thermometry, galvanism, galvanosis, metal inclusions.
Integral analysis of clinical characteristics of х-ray-anthropometric predictors of fane periodontal tissue phenotype as a risk factor for periodontal conditions in orthodontic treatment
Authors:   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Drohomyretska Myroslava , Tkatchenko Yuliia ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Resume: In the article, it was carried out a study of the most clinical predictors of the thin biotype of periodontal tissue, as a consequence of healing in predicting the possible complications of orthodontic treatment. And to itself: I have a mucus alveolar growth with zones of ischemia; small child of an empty company; prominence of roots, lower frontal teeth; short lips ties and tongue tie; manifestations of additional folds of vestibule of the mouth; injection of blood vessels on the alveolar ridge and on the inner surface of the lips and cheek; sharply folded alveolar ridge; change in the height of the interdental papillae and change in the shape of their tops; the presence of wide and narrow recesses is clear. Statistically priming of thin and small X-ray anthropometric predictors of thin biotype of periodontal tissues: thin and long roots of lower cuts; half-moon-like tops of the roots of the cuts and the cleavages of the lower slit; large drawing of trabeculae of spongy cystic tissue; straight, or so, that the roots of the first permanent molars of the lower fissure diverge; a sharp deficit in the height of the body of the lower crack, especially in the vineyards. Key words: periodontal tissue, orthodontic treatment, periodontal tissue biotype, orthopantomography
An IoT-Enabled Smart Energy Management System to Improve Energy Efficiency in University Laboratory
Authors: Wibowo Fitri , Suheri Suheri , Yugianus Pausta
Published: May 2024

Efficient energy management remains a challenge in university laboratories. The aim of this study is to develop and deploy an Internet of Things (IoT) system that can automatically adjust electronic devices to improve the efficiency of power consumption in the university laboratory. An advanced system is urgently needed to support sustainable and effective energy management. A smart IoT-based energy management system can improve energy efficiency, reduce operating costs, and reduce negative environmental impacts. The system enables both human and automated control of lighting and air conditioning using scheduling and occupancy detection. This development-based research uses a product design methodology that includes both software and hardware. The software product in this research is an IoT platform website for managing IoT devices. The essential processes include defining project goals and requirements, designing a system architecture, creating a user experience design, developing and integrating components, and conducting tests. The system is successful in automatically monitoring and controlling electronic devices based on certain parameters such as scheduling and presence detection. The system meets most of the specified functional and non-functional requirements as demonstrated in experiments, although it is somewhat limited by hardware limitations. Ultimately, the system increases the energy efficiency of the laboratory and thus successfully fulfills the research goal. This innovative project could be a blueprint for other smart energy control efforts.
Development of Machine Learning Model for Breast Cancer Prediction from Ultrasound Images
Authors: Hindarto Djarot , Hendrata Ferial
Published: May 2024

In the past decade, the revolution in information and computing technology has transformed approaches to breast cancer detection and treatment, with Machine Learning technologies offering significant potential in health data analysis. However, the development of accurate and reliable predictive models is faced with the challenges of data heterogeneity and complexity. This research proposes the development and validation of Machine Learning-based classification models using Support Vector Machine and Principal Component Analysis to address these issues, targeting improved accuracy in the early detection of breast cancer. The methodology applied involved the use of a breast cancer dataset from Kaggle, with data analysis conducted through inductive methods to identify relevant patterns. The combination of Support Vector Machine and Principal component Analysis achieved 89% accuracy in medical image classification, proving its efficacy in breast cancer diagnostics and providing a more reliable model for early detection. The implications of these findings are significant, both theoretically and practically, for the fields of Machine Learning and Breast Cancer, expanding the understanding of the applications of advanced data processing techniques. Although this study faces limitations in the variability of the dataset's patient characteristics, the results offer a basis for further development in diagnostic technology while recommending the integration of Deep Learning and Big Data analysis as a direction for future research.
Optimization of the Artificial Neural Network Algorithm with Genetic Algorithm in Stroke Prediction
Authors: Wulandari Serin , Mukti Yogi Isro’ , Susanti Tri
Published: May 2024

This study aims to optimize Artificial Neural Network with Genetic Algorithm in predicting stroke. This research is motivated by health problems in the community that are less considered that cause a disease such as stroke. Factors of lifestyle, poor diet and other factors that can be the cause of stroke. Therefore, where later the data that has been obtained will be processed to see what factors determine the cause of stroke. The data used, namely kaggle and mendeley, will be processed using RapidMiner, with a development method (CRISP-DM) and a testing method using a Confusion Matrix. The results of this study, stroke disease classification model accuracy kaggle Artificial Neural Network dataset with Genetic Algorithm accuracy 95.13% and AUC 0.667 and mendeley dataset accuracy 98.20% and AUC 0.712. For model evaluation with Artificial Neural Network algorithm with Artificial Neural Network algorithm with kaggle dataset genetic algorithm using X-fold validation average accuracy of 95.14% and AUC 0.686.7 and mendeley dataset resulted in accuracy of 98.20% and AUC 0.712.5. So as to produce from an algorithm a new attribute from the results of the classification model that has been carried out, namely heart disease, ever married, work type and residence type
Application of Data Mining using the K-Means Method for Visitor Grouping
Authors: Syah Rahmayuni , Nasution Marnis , Irmayanti Irmayanti
Published: May 2024

Grouping amusement ride visitor data is an important process that aims to identify certain patterns of visitors, enabling management to adjust marketing strategies and improve their services more effectively. This process begins with a data selection stage where relevant visitor data is collected and prepared for analysis. The next stage is data pre-processing, which involves cleaning the data from noise or irrelevant data, as well as ensuring the data is in a format suitable for analysis. After that, the data mining model design is carried out by selecting the most appropriate method for grouping visitor data. The next stage is testing and evaluating the model to verify its accuracy and effectiveness. The results of model testing show that visitor data can be categorized into three groups: C1 with 50 data, C2 with 20 data, and C3 with 48 data. The results of the model evaluation confirm that the designed model succeeded in classifying data with perfect accuracy, namely 100%. This success shows that the model is highly effective in identifying and segmenting visitor patterns, providing valuable insights for strategic decision making in service improvement and marketing. This success also opens up opportunities for the application of similar methods to other datasets in an effort to improve visitor experience and operational efficiency.
Prediction of Student Graduation Rates using the Artificial Neural Network Backpropagation Method
Authors: Ariani Yayuk , Masrizal Masrizal , Muti’ah Rahma
Published: May 2024

This student graduation rate research focuses on analyzing academic performance with the main aim of identifying and distinguishing between students who graduate on time and those who graduate late. The application of data mining techniques in this research uses the neural network method, which is expected to offer deeper insight into the factors that influence students' graduation times. In this study, the neural network method was used to classify graduation data from 150 students. The results of this analysis were very encouraging, with 149 students identified as graduating on time and one student graduating late. The level of accuracy achieved in this classification is 98%, which shows the effectiveness of the neural network method in processing and analyzing academic data. These results confirm that neural networks are a powerful and reliable tool for predictive tasks like this. The successful use of neural networks in this study also proves their potential in broader educational applications, particularly in optimizing educational and intervention strategies. By understanding the characteristics of students who graduate on time versus those who graduate late, educators and administrators can design more effective programs to support student success. This is important not only to improve graduation statistics, but also to improve the overall educational experience for students.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Paddy Production
Authors: Aditya Nanda , Munthe Ibnu Rasyid , Sihombing Volvo
Published: May 2024

For countries with large populations, such as Indonesia, food security is a very important issue. The majority of Indonesia's population depends on rice as their main food, and paddy is one of the most widely cultivated food commodities. The very good and accurate national paddy production prediction results really support decisions regarding national paddy production targets for the coming period. Therefore, to ensure supply and price stability, paddy availability must be predicted. Many studies have used machine learning to predict crop yields. By learning important patterns and relationships from input data, machine learning can combine the advantages of other methods to make better predictions of paddy yields. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis between three machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest, decision tree, and k-nearest neighbors, in predicting paddy production. To determine which algorithm is the best, a model evaluation is carried out using the coefficient of determination (R2-score), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE). This research goes through methodological stages, starting from collecting datasets, data preprocessing, training and testing split datasets, applying algorithms, and evaluating the model. From this research, results were obtained for the random forest algorithm with an R2-score of 82.38%, MAE of 261726.20, and MSE of 2.19495E+11. For the decision tree, the R2-score was 79.62%, MAE was 323257.99, and MSE was 2.49304E+11. Meanwhile, k-nearest neighbors obtained an R2-score of 76.25%, MAE of 318433.42, and MSE of 2.90577E+11. The results of this research show that the random forest algorithm is the best for predicting paddy production because it obtains a larger R2-score as well as smaller MAE and MSE results.
Impact of Customer Relationship Management Dimensions on Customer Retention through Customer Satisfaction: A Customer Perspective of Balkan Transition Economies
Authors: Jashari-Mani Fitore
Published: May 2024

One of the main challenges of service providers is the retaining of the acquired customers. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has proved to be an effective tool in reaching this objective. Many researchers tested the effect of CRM on customer retention (CR), but most of the studies were focused on developed economies and were analyzed from a business perspective. The literature review highlights the lack of studies that examine the impact of CRM on CR from a customer perspective and that are focused on transition economies, especially in Balkan developing countries. Considering this, our paper aims to develop a model that proves the impact of CRM on CR, focused on three Balkan countries (Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia). Data was collected using an electronic questionnaire from a sample that consists of 764 residents of the three above-mentioned Balkan countries, all customers of the services sector. The research model shows the impact of three CRM dimensions (key customer focus - KCF, technology-based CRM - TCRM, and CRM knowledge management – KM) on customer retention through customer satisfaction (CS). The model fit and research hypotheses were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Model. Findings show a positive impact of KCF, TCRM, and KM on CS, which as a result positively affects CR as well. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Significant Association of Candidate Genes (AGTR1 and TGF-Β1) Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients
Authors:   Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (Health Division), The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan, Ihsan Madeeha , Khan Najeeb Ullah
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms, specifically AGTR1 (rs5186) and TGF-β1 (rs1800470), and the risk of developing Diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, compared to those without DN and healthy controls. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 165 diabetic patients (59 with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and 54 without DN (DM)), and 52 healthy controls (HC). The genotyping was done using amplification refractory mutation system method (ARMS-PCR). Age, gender, and duration of diabetes were matched across groups. Clinical parameters including FBS, RBS, HbA1C, creatinine, urea, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and BMI were assessed. Results: Diabetic patients with nephropathy exhibited significantly higher levels of clinical parameters compared to those without nephropathy and healthy controls. The risk allele of AGTR1 , C (p <0.0001), and risk allele containing genotypes AC (p <0.0001) and CC (p - 0.0010) were significantly higher in DN patients compared to DM and HC groups. Similarly, the TGF-β1 risk allele C (p - 0.0001), and corresponding genotypes TC (p - 0.0038) and CC (p - 0.0027) were significantly associated with increased risk of diabetic nephropathy compared to DM and HC groups. Conclusion: The data showed significant association of AGTR1 (rs5186) and TGF-β1 (rs1800470) polymorphism with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. More investigation will be required to disseminate the results, while increasing the samples size and using whole genome sequencing.
Kedudukan Pencatatan terhadap Keabsahan Perkawinan: Telaah Pencatatan Perkawinan
Authors: Amar Rizki , Pratama Dharma Agung , Urrahman M. Aulia , Kurniawan M. Rafli
Published: May 2024

The practice of sirri marriage is not only carried out by ordinary people, but also by public officials. One of the factors causing this is due to the unclear relationship of legal norms between paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Marriage Law, resulting in different interpretations. On the one hand, it is considered that paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 are one unit, on the other hand, it is considered that the clauses stand on their own. Starting from this, this paper explains the relationship between paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Marriage Law. Data is collected from literature review through library studies. It uses maqashid shari'ah as an analytical tool. This paper argues that the position of marriage registration is in direct contact with the dharuri needs of humans, including the legal protection of wives from physical and psychological violence (hifdz al-nafs), the protection of property obtained during marriage (hifdz al-mal) and the protection of children born from marriage (hifdz nasl). By placing the legal relationship between paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) into an inseparable unity, from the perspective of maqashid shari'ah. So, every marriage that is held is not enough just to fulfil the pillars of marriage but also the elements of marriage registration must be fulfilled in a valid marriage.
Keywords:  Marriage Registration, Maqashid Shari’ah, Marriage Validity
Royalti Lagu sebagai Harta bersama dalam Perkawinan menurut Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Rachma Ruslan Dyah Auliah
Published: May 2024

Royalti Lagu sebagai Harta bersama dalam Perkawinan menurut Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Islam
Evaluación de cultivares de (Oryza sativa l.), a la calidad de agua de riego en Manglaralto, Santa Elena
Authors:   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Arzube Mayorga Mercedes Pola , León Mejía Ángel Rodolfo ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Ramírez Flores Lenni Crisol ,   Universidad Península de Santa Elena, Sánchez Saavedra Ruth Jennifer ,   Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena
Published: May 2024

A nivel mundial la demanda del arroz es alta ya que forma parte de la canasta básica debido a su calidad nutricional, además para ciertas provincias del Ecuador el arroz es una fuente de empleo. La parroquia Manglaralto posee características climáticas típicas de zonas subtropicales húmedas con precipitaciones medias anuales de 343 mm y presencia de contenido de sales solubles en el agua de riego, que pueden ser limitantes para una producción agrícola, por lo cual, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar 44 líneas F6 de Oriza sativa L. a la calidad de agua de riego en Manglaralto. Se evaluaron características morfológicas y productivas: vigor, altura de planta (cm), macollos por planta, panículas por planta, longitud de panícula, Longitud de la hoja bandera (cm), Diámetro hoja bandera (cm), granos por panícula, peso de 1000 granos (g/planta), Longitud de grano con cascara (mm), longitud grano sin cascara(mm), diámetro de grano sin cascara(mm), longitud de grano sin cascara(mm), % granos vanos, y rendimiento (kg/ha). Se utilizó el Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar con 44 tratamientos (líneas) y 3 repeticiones y las medias de las variables comparadas mediante el Test de Tukey (≤ 0.05). De las 44 líneas F5 de arroz (Oriza sativa L), 17 se adaptaron a las condiciones agroclimáticas de Manglaralto, las mismas que mostraron un buen comportamiento agronómico frente a la calidad del agua de riego y presentaron un buen desarrollo morfológico y fisiológico, lo que permite aceptar la hipótesis planteada.
Internalization of transferrin-tagged Myxococcus xanthus encapsulins into mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gabashvili Anna N. , Alexandrushkina Natalya A. , Mochalova Elizaveta N. , Goliusova Daria V. , Sapozhnikova Ekaterina N. , Makarevich Pavel I. , Nikitin Petr I.
Published: May 2024

Currently, various functionalized nanocarrier systems are extensively studied for targeted delivery of drugs, peptides, and nucleic acids. Joining the approaches of genetic and chemical engineering may produce novel carriers for precise targeting different cellular proteins, which is important for both therapy and diagnosis of various pathologies. Here we present the novel nanocontainers based on vectorized genetically encoded Myxococcus xanthus (Mx) encapsulin, confining a fluorescent photoactivatable mCherry (PAmCherry) protein. The shells of such encapsulins were modified using chemical conjugation of human transferrin (Tf) prelabeled with a fluorescein-6 (FAM) maleimide acting as a vector. We demonstrate that the vectorized encapsulin specifically binds to transferrin receptors (TfRs) on the membranes of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) followed by internalization into cells. Two spectrally separated fluorescent signals from Tf-FAM and PAmCherry are clearly distinguishable and co-localized. It is shown that Tf-tagged Mx encapsulins are internalized by MSCs much more efficiently than by fibroblasts. It has been also found that unlabeled Tf effectively competes with the conjugated Mx-Tf-FAM formulations. That indicates the conjugate internalization into cells by Tf-TfR endocytosis pathway. The developed nanoplatform can be used as an alternative to conventional nanocarriers for targeted delivery of, e.g., genetic material to MSCs.
The role of big data in financial technology toward financial inclusion
Authors: Mhlanga David
Published: May 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of financial technology (FinTech), big data stands as a cornerstone, driving significant transformations. This study delves into the pivotal role of big data in FinTech and its implications for financial inclusion. Employing a comprehensive literature review methodology, we analyze diverse sources including academic journals, industry reports, and online articles. Our findings illuminate how big data catalyzes the development of novel financial products and services, enhances risk management, and boosts operational efficiency, thereby fostering financial inclusion. Particularly, big data's capability to offer insightful customer behavior analytics is highlighted as a key driver for creating inclusive financial services. However, challenges such as data privacy and security, and the need for ethical algorithmic practices are also identified. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, regulators, and industry practitioners, suggesting a need for balanced regulatory frameworks to harness big data's potential ethically and responsibly. The outcomes of this study underscore the transformative power of big data in FinTech, indicating a pathway toward a more inclusive financial ecosystem.
Prophylactic central lymph node dissection in cN0 papillary thyroid cancer: a comparative study of via breast and transoral approach versus via breast approach alone
Authors: Qiu Rongliang , Fu Jinbo
Published: May 2024

Background

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) progresses slowly and has a good prognosis, while the prognosis is worse if combined with central neck lymph node metastasis at an early stage. The different endoscope approaches may affect the thoroughness of lymph node dissection. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of prophylactic central lymph node dissection(CLND) for cN0 PTC performed via breast and transoral approach versus via breast approach alone.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of the surgical data of 136 patients with stage cN0 PTC was performed from August 2020 to December 2022. Among them, 64 underwent the breast and transoral approach (combined approach group), and 72 underwent the breast approach alone (breast approach group). The relevant indexes of surgery, the number of lymph nodes dissected, the occurrence of postoperative complications, and the cosmetic satisfaction of incision were statistically compared between the two groups.

Results

The operation time of the combined approach group was 156.4 ± 29.8 min, significantly longer than that of the breast approach group, 119.6 ± 55.9 min, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The two groups of patients were compared in terms of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, hospitalization time, incision cosmetic satisfaction, and the occurrence of postoperative complications, and the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The total number of lymph nodes retrieved in the central area (10.6 ± 7.1) and the number of positive lymph nodes (4.6 ± 4.9) in the combined approach group were significantly more than those in the breast approach group (7.4 ± 4.8, 1.6 ± 2.7), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference between the two groups in terms of the number of negative lymph nodes was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that choosing the breast combined transoral approach for prophylactic CLND of cN0 PTC could more thoroughly clear the central area lymph nodes, especially the positive lymph nodes, which could help in the evaluation of the disease and the guidance of the treatment, while not increasing the postoperative complications. It provides a reference for clinicians to choose the appropriate surgical approach and also provides new ideas and methods for prophylactic CLND in patients with cN0 PTC.
Multi-time-scale voltage control of the distribution network with energy storage equipped soft open points
Authors: Ding Xiaohua , Chen Xingying , Yu Kun , Cao Feifan , Wang Bo
Published: May 2024

The integration of distributed generation (DG) units into distribution networks (DNs) has brought about several operational challenges, including voltage issues and increased power loss. Energy storage equipped soft open points (E-SOPs) can accurately and flexibly control active and reactive power flows to address these problems. Additionally, the photovoltaic (PV) inverter and the network reconfiguration (NR) play a significant role in voltage control by adjusting the reactive power and the topology of the DN, respectively. However, due to differences in response times, there is a lack of systematic coordination between NR and the inverters of the E-SOP and PV. This paper proposes a multi-time-scale voltage control model that includes day-ahead NR scheduling, inter-day droop control optimization of the PV and E-SOP, and real-time local droop control. Considering the uncertainties of renewable DG outputs and loads, a robust optimization method is used in the day-ahead stage to obtain a reliable network structure. Then, with more accurate intra-day predictions, a stochastic optimization method is used to obtain the optimal state-of-charge interval, aiming to provide a flexible regulation range for battery energy storage to cope with the power fluctuations during the real-time stage. In addition, to address the intra-day voltage control model with bilinear constraints of the droop control function, a particle swarm optimization method is used. The results are verified on a 33-bus DN system through comparative analyses, showing effective performance.
Investigating the causes and consequences of controlled rest on the flight deck
Authors: Hilditch Cassie J. , Arsintescu Lucia , Pradhan Sean , Gregory Kevin B. , Flynn-Evans Erin E.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Fatigue is a known issue in aviation due to long and irregular working hours. In some regions, pilots are permitted to sleep during a controlled rest period on the flight deck to manage unexpected sleepiness. We aimed to determine: (1) the relative influence of pre-flight sleep-wake history and time of day on the likelihood to take controlled rest; (2) whether neurobehavioral measures taken pre-flight are predictive of controlled rest use in-flight; and (3) the impact of controlled rest on neurobehavioral measures at top-of-descent.

Methods

Data from 120 long (>6 h flight duration), unaugmented (two-pilot) flights were analyzed (n = 31 pilots). Pilots wore actiwatches and completed sleep logs before and during trips. At pre-flight and top-of-descent, pilots completed a 5-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). A series of mixed-effects models with relevant covariates were conducted to assess the likelihood of controlled rest based on several predictors and the impact of controlled rest on outcome measures at top-of-descent.

Results

Pilots were more likely to take controlled rest on night flights [p = .01, η2p = .13, OR = 13.81, 95% CI: (1.99, 95.80)] and when pre-flight sleepiness ratings were higher [p = .01, η2p = .14, OR = 4.14, 95% CI: (1.48, 11.57)]. Pilots who took controlled rest had faster response speeds [1000/reaction time (ms)] [p = .03, η2p = 0.07; estimated marginal mean (EMM) = 4.19, standard error (SE) = 0.07, 95% CI: (4.08, 4.29)] than those who did not [EMM = 4.00, SE = 0.05, 95% CI: (3.86, 4.14)].

Discussion

Our results suggest that taking controlled rest may improve vigilant attention at critical phases of flight and may be a useful fatigue management tool, particularly during unaugmented night flights. Further research is needed to determine the impact of psychological and cultural influences on controlled rest and to understand how the policy is applied in practice.
The role and therapeutic potential of macrophages in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Shan , Zhu Xueying , Chen Yupeng , Wen Zhige , Shi Peiyu , Ni Qing
Published: May 2024

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role played by macrophages and their underlying mechanisms in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It begins by discussing the origins and diverse subtypes of macrophages, elucidating their spatial distribution and modes of intercellular communication, thereby emphasizing their significance in the pathogenesis of DCM. The review then delves into the intricate relationship between macrophages and the onset of DCM, particularly focusing on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms employed by macrophages in the context of DCM condition. Additionally, the review discusses various therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages to manage DCM. It specifically highlights the potential of natural food components in alleviating diabetic microvascular complications and examines the modulatory effects of existing hypoglycemic drugs on macrophage activity. These findings, summarized in this review, not only provide fresh insights into the role of macrophages in diabetic microvascular complications but also offer valuable guidance for future therapeutic research and interventions in this field.
Investigation of lubricant viscosity and third-particle contribution to contact behavior in dry and lubricated three-body contact conditions
Authors: Chen Yang-Yuan , Horng Jeng-Haur
Published: May 2024

The generation of third particles and change in viscosity lead to the gradual degradation of the performance of the machine interface. The generation of third particles may come from wear debris or environmental particles, which form a three-body contact system at the contact interface. The viscosity of the lubricant will also change with the long-term operation of the components. This paper uses a three-body lubrication model to study the influence and interaction of lubricant viscosity change and the presence of third particles on the contact characteristics, including the real contact area, the particle contact area ratio, the solid load percentage, the film thickness, and the evolution of the lubrication regime. The results show that when the interface is in a three-body mixed lubrication regime, the dimensionless total real contact area increases with the increase in particle size and density at the same lubricant viscosity, while the trend is the opposite in dry contact and boundary lubrication interfaces. When viscosity decreases, a three-body contact interface is more prone to entering boundary lubrication than a two-body contact interface, resulting in surface damage. Regardless of surface roughness, particle size, and dry or lubricated contact conditions, the turning point of the contact area (TPCA) phenomenon is usually when the ratio of particle size to surface roughness is 0.8–1.3. Under the same ratio of particle size to surface roughness, the critical load of the TPCA phenomenon increases with the increase in third-particle size and surface roughness, but decreases with the increase in lubricant viscosity and particle density.
Brain functional network changes in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a study based on graph theory and Granger causality analysis
Authors: Ke Ming , Hou Yaru , Zhang Li , Liu Guangyao
Published: May 2024

Many resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies have shown that the brain networks are disrupted in adolescent patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). However, previous studies have mainly focused on investigating brain connectivity disruptions from the perspective of static functional connections, overlooking the dynamic causal characteristics between brain network connections. In our study involving 37 JME patients and 35 Healthy Controls (HC), we utilized rs-fMRI to construct whole-brain functional connectivity network. By applying graph theory, we delved into the altered topological structures of the brain functional connectivity network in JME patients and identified abnormal regions as key regions of interest (ROIs). A novel aspect of our research was the application of a combined approach using the sliding window technique and Granger causality analysis (GCA). This method allowed us to delve into the dynamic causal relationships between these ROIs and uncover the intricate patterns of dynamic effective connectivity (DEC) that pervade various brain functional networks. Graph theory analysis revealed significant deviations in JME patients, characterized by abnormal increases or decreases in metrics such as nodal betweenness centrality, degree centrality, and efficiency. These findings underscore the presence of widespread disruptions in the topological features of the brain. Further, clustering analysis of the time series data from abnormal brain regions distinguished two distinct states indicative of DEC patterns: a state of strong connectivity at a lower frequency (State 1) and a state of weak connectivity at a higher frequency (State 2). Notably, both states were associated with connectivity abnormalities across different ROIs, suggesting the disruption of local properties within the brain functional connectivity network and the existence of widespread multi-functional brain functional networks damage in JME patients. Our findings elucidate significant disruptions in the local properties of whole-brain functional connectivity network in patients with JME, revealing causal impairments across multiple functional networks. These findings collectively suggest that JME is a generalized epilepsy with localized abnormalities. Such insights highlight the intricate network dysfunctions characteristic of JME, thereby enriching our understanding of its pathophysiological features.
Fusion plasma turbulence research beyond the burning plasma era: perspectives on transport model validation in fusion and fission
Authors: White A. E. , Baglietto E. , Bucci M. , Howard N. T. , Rodriguez-Fernandez P.
Published: May 2024

In fusion, the validation of turbulent transport models is undertaken with the goals of making basic physics discoveries as well as for development of new predictive models to improve the operation and enhance the performance of existing and future fusion reactors. A fusion industry is just beginning to emerge globally. Like fission, validation in fusion energy research is a vibrant research area, but unlike fusion, a fission industry exists. The fission power industry motivates validation efforts, often performed at universities with small-scale experiments and advanced models and simulations developed in-house. Because fission research spans basic physics and applications, and addresses near-term and long-term industry interests, validation is thriving. This perspective article describes the validation of turbulent transport models in both fusion research and fission research, draws parallels between the validation methods and techniques used in two areas of the fields, and presents an outlook for thriving university fusion and fission research programs underpinned by a virtual cycle of basic and applied research that supports industry needs as well as tackling intellectual grand challenges.
Assessing child satisfaction and expectations for developing a child-friendly environment at the pediatric department in a general hospital in Qatar
Authors: Pattabi Amudha , Nazarene Ananth , Varghese Sejo , Hassan Samiya Mohamud , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Patil Surekha Kiran , Singh Kalpana
Published: May 2024

Background

“Patient-centered” care positions the patient at the core and emphasizes fulfilling their unique needs, preferences, and values. This approach is particularly significant in the context of children. Although widely recognized as necessary, this approach is not universally implemented. The children find themselves in hospital wards where they are required to follow protocols and systems designed primarily for adults. In the appropriate atmosphere, children often express themselves more effectively through words, body language, and play, leading to a richer understanding of their needs. There is growing recognition of the importance of addressing children's concerns regarding hospital environments.

Aim

This study investigates children's satisfaction with the physical aspect of the hospital environment. Insights from this exploration could provide valuable input for creating hospital environments centered around children's needs and preferences.

Methods

This mixed-methods study involves children aged 6–14 years with parental consent from a premiere healthcare provider in the state of Qatar. The survey used nine items to gauge satisfaction with the existing hospital environment as a “child-friendly hospital” and another nine items to explore their expectations for such environments. The Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests as well as thematic analyses were employed to assess the statistical significance of differences in satisfaction levels and children's expectations of the hospital's physical environment.

Results

A total of 398 children participated in the study. Of them, 40.3% were aged 6–8 years; 60.3% had experienced two to five hospital visits; 55.8% of children participated during their outpatient service visit; and 31.7% were Asian. Children's satisfaction levels with various aspects of the hospital environment—including its physical appearance, signage, lounge, consultant rooms, corridors, bedrooms, TV content, toys, and staff uniforms—were in the range of 42.9%–59%. The children expressed a desire for a hospital environment that is spacious, colorful, attractive, and filled with cartoon characters and toys in the children's hospital from the front lounge to the inpatient units.

Conclusion

The findings underline the importance of considering the perspectives of children in evidence-based healthcare design. The study reveals that children's satisfaction with the hospital environment is generally average or below average. Ultimately, a “child-friendly hospital environment” integrates children's rights into healthcare to significantly improve outcomes.
Utilizing metabolomics and network analysis to explore the effects of artificial production methods on the chemical composition and activity of agarwood
Authors: Hou Wencheng , Feng Jian , Sun Yuanyuan , Chen Xiqin , Liu Yangyang , Wei Jianhe
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Agarwood is a traditional aromatic southern medicine. It has a long history of being used in traditional Chinese aromatherapy to treat insomnia, anxiety and depression. Due to the scarcity of wild resources, people have planted trees successfully and begun to explore various agarwood-inducing techniques. This study comparative analysis of volatile metabolites in agarwood produced by various inducing techniques and its potential sleep-promoting, anti-anxiety and anti-depressant network pharmacological activities.

Methods: A total of 23 batches of two types of agarwood were collected, one of which was produced by artificial techniques, including 6 batches of TongTi (TT) agarwood produced by “Agar-Wit” and 6 batches of HuoLao (HL) agarwood produced by “burning, chisel and drilling”, while the other was collected from the wild, including 6 batches of BanTou (BT) agarwood with trunks broken due to natural or man-made factors and 5 batches of ChongLou (CL) agarwood with trunks damaged by moth worms. The study employed metabolomics combined with network analysis to compare the differences in volatile metabolites of agarwood produced by four commonly used inducing techniques, and explored their potential roles and possible action targets in promoting sleep, reducing anxiety, and alleviating depression.

Results: A total of 147 volatile metabolites were detected in agarwood samples, mainly including small aromatic hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone and their pyrolysis products. The results showed composition of metabolites was minimally influenced by the agarwood induction method. However, their concentrations exhibited significant variations, with 17 metabolites showing major differences. The two most distinct metabolites were 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone. Among the volatile metabolites, 142 showed promising potential in treating insomnia, anxiety, and depression, implicating various biological and signaling pathways, predominantly ALB and TNF targets. The top three active metabolites identified were 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone, 1,5-diphenylpent-1-en-3-one, and 6-methoxy-2-[2-(4'-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone, with their relative content in the four types of agarwood being TT>HL>CL>BT.

Conclusion: The differences in the content of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones suggest that they may be responsible for the varying therapeutic activities observed in different types of agarwood aromatherapy. This study offers theoretical support for the selection of agarwood in aromatherapy practices.