bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade de água como alicerce para a produção sustentável de peixes à pequenos produtores
Authors: Amaral Matheus Antonio do , Moraes Rayane Seibt , Silva Wesley Paulo da , Albuquerque Daniele Menezes , Honorato Claucia Aparecida , Neu Dacley Hertes
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste projeto foi instruir alunos do curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD e fazer com que eles repassassem as informações que aprenderam em sala de aula a pequenos produtores rurais, não necessariamente produtores de peixes, mas que tivessem algum interesse na área. Este projeto teve duração de 1 ano e as visitas às propriedades ocorreram no último semestre de 2019. Para a conversa entre os acadêmicos e os produtores rurais ser efetuada, nove propriedades foram visitadas, todas no Assentamento Itamarati, localizado no município de Ponta Porã – MS. Nessas propriedades foram feitas análises de água como, oxigênio dissolvido (mg L-1 ), pH, transparência (cm), temperatura (ºC), alcalinidade (mg L -1 ), amônia total (mg L -1 ), amônia tóxica (mg L-1 ) e nitrito (mg L-1 ), e os acadêmicos explicavam aos produtores como esses parâmetros deveriam permanecer no intuito de obter uma produção de peixes sustentável. Nesse ínterim, após as coletas de água, os produtores rurais foram instruídos a como verificar os parâmetros e como os mesmos deveriam permanecer. Para isso, fichas elaboradas foram disponibilizadas. Foi possível observar que a falta de informação no campo deve ser esclarecida, para que haja maior produção de peixes, com segurança e sustentabilidade. A qualidade de água é um dos primeiros pontos que devem ser analisados antes da instalação de uma atividade aquícola e os alunos que participaram desse projeto conseguiram converter as palavras utilizadas na academia para que os produtores rurais pudessem compreender a importância das verificações periódicas.
Oficinas de cineclube itinerante: compartilhando o cinema brasileiro
Authors: Marassi Patrícia Ferreira
Published: August 2020

Por meio da parceria entre os Projetos “Oficinas Culturais 2018” e “Programa Terceira Idade na Universidade” foram desenvolvidas oficinas de cineclube itinerante com as pessoas idosas. O projeto teve como objetivo promover, a partir das experiências audiovisuais nacionais, o conhecimento da produção do cinema brasileiro, assim como o intercâmbio cultural e a reflexão crítica entre os diferentes costumes, crenças, discursos e valores decorrentes das relações sociais na sociedade brasileira. As oficinas foram organizadas em eixos temáticos, focados na transformação social e empoderamento de idosas e idosos, além de, proporcionar um espaço de lazer recheados de conhecimentos e afetos.
THE CORRELATION STUDY OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING STYLES AND ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Rachman Dzul , Haq Aniq Hudiyah Bil , Pratama Rio Arif , Prasetyo Bayu
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to find out the students learning styles, the English achievement, and the correlation between students’ learning styles and English achievement of the second-semester students of University of Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur. The design of this study was quantitative research with a correlation design. The sample of the study was 56 students. The instruments of the study were the questionnaire of students’ learning styles and English achievement test. In order to make data become linear one, the researcher converted those data into Z-score and then correlated the converted data using correlate bivariate. The result of the study showed that the mean score of students’ learning styles was 50, that means fair. There were 21 students (38%) preferred visual learning styles, 15 (27%) of students preferred reading learning styles, 13 (23%) students preferred kinesthetic learning styles, 4 (7%) students preferred auditory learning styles and 3 (5%) preferred used two learning styles. Thus, the mean score of students’ English achievement was 50, that means fair. On the other word, there was a significant correlation between students’ learning styles and English achievement. Based on the finding above, it is suggested to language learner to be familiar with their learning styles so that they can benefit the strength of styles and manipulate the weakness of styles. For language teacher, they may take learners style into account for the sake of different learning strategies and ways in carrying out the lesson in the classroom so that they can promote learner’s need.
IMPLEMENTING SIM-OVG MODEL IN LEARNING ECONOMICS AT SMA NEGERI 10 SAMARINDA
Authors: Watini Watini
Published: August 2020

The reason underlying the implementation of the present study was because there was a finding revealing that there were still several students from cross-economics class of XI MIPA having difficulties in understanding the lessons. In addition, the students also had a kind of thought that economics was just about memorizing things which was not interesting and challenging that resulted in their unsatisfied learning outcomes. Therefore, the SIM-OVG model needed to be implemented in the learning process. The instruments of the present study were observation and, students’ learning reports and work method. The population of the study was the second grade students (4 classes) who enrolled economics subject at SMA Negeri 10 Samarinda, whereas the samples of the study were the students of XI MIPA-1 class (cross-economics class) at SMA Negeri 10 Samarinda. The number of the population and samples was 101 and 23 students respectively. The study lasted for one semester. The description of the classroom observation, the students’ scores and the group presentation were obtained for the data analysis. After implementing the SIM-OVG model, the results showed that; 1) in the affective aspect, the students showed a better attitude, 2) in the cognitive aspect, there was an improvement on the students’ learning outcomes (before the implementation of SIM-OVG model in XI MIPA-1 class, 52,17% of the students did not reach the passing-grade, but after the implementation, 100% of the students reached the passing-grade, and they also looked enthusiastic in doing their assignments, and 3) in the psychomotor aspect, the students became more skillful, creative, and be able to perform high level thinking. The researcher suggested that the dissemination should be done through MGMP forum and SIM-OVG model workshop. In addition, the researcher also suggested the integration of SIM-OVG model with other learning models and hoped that every school provided adequate facilities to support the implementation of SIM-OVG model.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN LEARNING CIRCLE LESSON OF MATHEMATICS BY GROUP WORK METHOD AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (SMPN) 4 LOA JANAN
Authors: Sukardi Sukardi
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate how the teaching method of group work could improve students’ achievement in learning one of the mathematics lessons, the circle. A study about the use of group work method is expected to solve the problem faced by the teacher by a systematic thinking framework. Therefore the researcher collaborated with his peer to conduct the research. This classroom action research study was conducted at Junior High School (SMPN) 4 Loa Janan. The participants of the research were all the students from the eighth grade. The procedures of the study were conducting pre-test, lesson planning for action research, implementing the lesson with proposed method, observing the lesson, reflection, and evaluation. The study was conducted in three cycles. The results showed that there was an improvement in students’ mathematics academic achievement. This was proven by the students’ test results from one cycle to another that the student scored significantly above 80% above minimum criteria
THE EFFECT OF USING COLLABORATIVE WRITING METHOD ON STUDENTS’ WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT GRADE TEN OF SMK YP 1 HKBP PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Herman Herman , Rajagukguk Theresia Aprina , Sihombing Partohap Saut Raja
Published: August 2020

This study was focused on the effect of using collaborative writing on students’ achievement in writing recount text. The objective of this research was to find out the significant effect of collaborative writing on students’ achievement in writing recount text at students grade ten in SMK YP 1 HKBP Pematangsiantar. Two classes was taken as the sample of this research. The class X-MP as the experimental group that taught by using collaborative writing and X-MM as the control class taught by conventional method. This research design is quantitative research were gained by assessing the students’ writing skills through the pretest and posttest. The instrument of collecting data was writing test. After collecting data, it was found the main score of pretest to post test in experimental group was 48.47 to 89,647. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result showed that the t-test is higher than the value of t-table. (5. 68 > 1.69 (α = 0.05)) with the degree of freedom (df) = 32. Based on the data analysis of the study, the result indicates that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It means that there is a significant effect of using Collaborative writing on students’ achievement in writing recount text of students grade ten in SMK YP1 HKBP Pematangsiantar.
THE EFFECT OF GAMIFICATION BASED ON BALINESE LOCAL STORY
Authors: Aditya Dio
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to know the significant effect of Gamification based on Balinese Local Story toward students’ listening comprehension. The implementation of one group pretest posttest was a design for collecting the data. The pretest and posttest was in the form of multiple choice tests. The research population consisted of 164 students of SD Negeri 2 Anturan. Then, the research sample was 5th grade students who consisted of 21 students. The result of the data presented that, there was significance different score between pretest and posttest. The mean score of pretest was 43.37. In contrast, the mean score of posttest was 79.74. Based on the results, the mean score of posttest was higher than pretest. The result of effect size was 3.190 that means to large effect. The result of effect size showed Gamification based on Balinse local story could improve students’ listening comprehension.
EXPLORING FACTORS CAUSING LISTENING ANXIETY ON GENERATION Z STUDENTS
Authors: Nurkhamidah Neni
Published: August 2020

Listening is a complex process because listeners do not only listen to the words, but they also interpret speakers' utterances. This complexity and difficulty triggers student’s anxiety. Many researches find out that listening anxiety affect students’ performance. Therefore, study on listening anxiety is crucial to be carried out. This study is conducted to find out the factors causing listening anxiety on generation Z students that raised with technology and have more opportunity to listen English from many sources than the previous generation. This is a qualitative study that is conducted in English Department of STKIP MNC by involving 20 participants from Basic Listening class. The finding shows that there are some factors causing students listening anxiety. The factor is categorized in two sources; students and technological factors. The internal factors trigger students listening anxiety are rate of speech, vocabulary and accent, and concentration. On the other hand, technological factor causing listening anxiety comes from the poor quality of audio sounds from speaker used in the class.
IMPROVING THE STUDENT READING COMPREHENSION THORUGH QUANTUM TEACHING TECHNIQUE AT SECOND SEMESTER ISLAMIC STATE INSTITUTE
Authors: Maron Heri Syahrizal
Published: August 2020

This research attempted to improve students reading comprehension by applying the quantum teaching technique. This research employed a classroom action research design, and it was carried out in two cycles. The data of study were student’s reading comprehensionn which were collected by means of a reading comprehension test. The student’s reading comprehension were categorized into five categories, namely: very high, high, moderate, low and very low levels of comprehension. The student’s participation was obtained through class observations during the reading classes. The observation data were calculated and categorized high, moderate, and low categories. The results show that the use of quantum teaching technique could increase the student’s reading comprehension. Students who fell into very high and high reading categories increased from 17 students (cycle one) to 21 (cycle two); the number of students who belonged to moderate and low categories also slightly decreased from 14 in cycle one to 12 in cycle two. There was two students who were in the very low reading comprehension category in cycle one, but none was in cycle two. Furthermore, the use of quantum teaching technique has also encouraged students to participate actively during the reading classes. The average level of the student’s participation in the reading class process was moderate. In short, the use of quantum teaching technique in reading classes could improve not only the students reading comprehension but also their participate in reading class activity.
READING ALOUD PERIODICALLY TOWARDS PRONUNCIATION OF NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS
Authors: Abimanto Dhanan
Published: August 2020

This research aims to know about the effectiveness of reading aloud periodically method in assisting the English pronunciation problem made by non-English major students. To measure the effectiveness of the method, the researcher used quasi-experimental research. The researcher took the data from first semester students of the non-English department (students of the Transportation study program). To analyze the data, the researcher used two analyses, which are non-statistical and statistical analysis. Based on the data, the researcher found that in the pre-test, before giving the treatment, students still made some mistakes in English pronunciation. After giving the treatment, students showed the progress in their English pronunciation. There was an increase between the pre-test and the post-test about 21,33 in score or t-test calculation, t count > t table = 10,718>3,12 with 32,53% mispronunciation made by students after giving the treatments 10 times. It showed that the method of reading aloud was effective to help in improving students’ English pronunciation. Besides, the researcher found that the reason for students’ problems in pronunciation after interviewing students was the familiarity to use English in daily activities and the influence of their habit reading the word in the Indonesian language.
Pelatihan Blended Learning Sebagai Upaya Menghadapi Society 5.0
Authors: Irawan Edi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK Hadirnya revolusi industri 4.0 dan society 5.0 menjadi inspirasi pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam rangka untuk mempersiapkan sejak dini, agar para guru dan siswa tidak mampu bersaing dan menangkap peluang di masa yang akan datang. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini adalah participatory action research (PAR) dengan subjek dampingan yang menjadi mitra kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah Madrasah Aliyah Al-Ishlah Bungkal, Ponorogo. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu identifikasi masalah, pelaksanaan kegiatan, dan evaluasi pelaksanaan. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah pemahaman peserta yang tinggi terhadap materi yang disajikan, baik tentang revolusi industri 4.0, society 5.0, dan blended learning serta keterampilan peserta dalam menggunakan Google Classroom dalam pembelajaran. Indikator lain keberhasilan pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah hasil evaluasi peserta terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan. Sebagian besar peserta menyatakan bahwa kegiatan sangat baik, baik pada aspek sistematika materi, kesesuaian materi, alokasi waktu setiap materi, cara penyampaian materi, kesempatan mengajukan pertanyaan, interaksi narasumber dengan peserta seminar, kualitas materi yang disampaikan, relevansi materi dengan kebutuhan, maupun kemenarikan materi yang disampaikan.Kata Kunci: blended learning, Google Classroom, revolusi industri 4.0, society 5.0 Blended Learning Training as an Effort to Face Society 5.0ABSTRACT The presence of the industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0 inspired the implementation of this community service activity. This activity is carried out to prepare early so that teachers and students are not able to compete and seize opportunities in the future. The approach used in this activity is participatory action research (PAR) with the assisted subject being the partner of community service activities is Madrasah Aliyah Al-Ishlah Bungkal, Ponorogo. Activities carried out in three stages, namely identification of problems, implementation of activities, and evaluation of implementation. The results of the implementation of this activity were participants 'high understanding of the material presented, both about the industrial revolution 4.0, society 5.0, and blended learning and the participants' skills in using Google Classroom in learning. Another indicator of the successful implementation of community service is the outcome of the participant's evaluation of the implementation of the activity. Most of the participants stated that the activity was very good, both in the systematic aspects of the material, the suitability of the material, the time allocation of each material, how to deliver the material, the opportunity to ask questions, the interviewees with the seminar participants, the quality of the material delivered, the relevance of the material to the needs, and the attractiveness of the material delivered.Key Words: blended learning, Google Classroom, revolusi industri 4.0, society 5.0
Pohjan pimiä puhuu moniäänisesti
Authors: Korpua Jyrki
Published: August 2020

Tuula Hökkä: On kirkas Pohjan pimiä: Suomenkielistä runoutta 1800-luvulla. Helsinki: Studio Arkki, 2018, 228 s.
Sanan sisu merkityksen muuttuminen vanhan kirjasuomen ajan kirjallisuudessa ja varhaisen nationalismin valossa
Authors: Helminen Tanja Marita
Published: August 2020

Sisu on tuttu sanana ja käsitteenä suomalaisille ja monille ulkomaalaisillekin. Sillä on määritelty suomalaisuutta yleisessä puheessa suomalaisuudesta. Kirjallisuuden keskeisiä henkilöhahmoja on luonnehdittu sisukkaiksi tai alettu pitää sisun ilmentyminä kirjallisuuden tulkinnoissa. Tästä huolimatta sisua ei ole aiemmin tarkasteltu syvällisesti kirjallisuudentutkimuksessa. Artikkelissa käsitellään sisu-sanan esiintymistä ja sen merkityksen muuttumista vanhan kirjasuomen ajan (noin 1540–1810) kirjallisuudessa. Lisäksi selvitetään, kuinka suomalaisille on annettu jo varhaisissa representaatioissa sellaisia ominaisuuksia ja piirteitä, joita on myöhemmin toistettu kansalliskirjallisuudessa ja ryhdytty yhdistämään kiinteästi sisuun.

Sanan sisu tai sen johdoksia sisältävillä ilmauksilla viitataan vanhan kirjasuomen ajan kirjallisuudessa usein yksilön pahaan sisuun. Toisaalta niillä luonnehditaan esimerkiksi asetusteksteissä Ruotsin valtakunnan kollektiivisen vihollisen sisua. Sisu-sanalla on silti jo Mikael Agricolan kirjoituksissa lisäksi neutraali tai jopa myönteinen sävy. Tällaisissa yhteyksissä sanalla sisu tarkoitetaan muun muassa elollisille olioille ominaista luonnetta ja tyypillistä toimintaa tai viitataan rakkauden sisun kaltaiseen abstraktiin asiaan. Vanhan kirjasuomen ajan jälkeen sisu-sanan myönteisiä, myös kollektiivia kuvaavia merkityksiä on liitetty varhaisiin suomalaisuuden representaatioihin, minkä seurauksena sisu on käsitteellistynyt.
Kirjoituskutsu Avaimen teemanumeroon 2/2021: Kirjallisuus digitaalisissa ympäristöissä
Authors: Toivanen Anna-Leena
Published: August 2020

2020-luvun ihminen lähtökohtaisesti uppoutunut digitaalisen teknologian tuottamiin ja muovaamiin ympäristöihin – myös silloin, kun emme ole suoraan tekemisissä niiden kanssa käyttöliittymien välityksellä. Digitaalisten teknologioiden läpitunkeva ”ympäristöllisyys” näyttäytyykin inhimillisten ja ei-inhimillisten toimijoiden moninaisena yhteistyönä verkostoissa, joita mikään yksittäinen taho ei suoraan hallinnoi tai ohjaa.

Kirjallisuudentutkimuksen piirissä on pohdittu esimerkiksi luku- ja kirjoitustaitoa muuttuvassa mediaympäristössä, verkkolukemisen eroja verrattuna painettuun romaaniin sekä kirjallisuuden paikkaa digitaalisessa ajassa ylipäätään. Kybertekstiteoria on tarjonnut välineitä ohjelmoitujen tekstien rakenteen erittelyyn, ja menetelmällisyyden tutkimus on paneutunut analogisten ja digitaalisten tekstien ”ohjelmoituun” tuottumiseen. Tämä aiempi tutkimuskenttä tarjoaa hyvän pohjan uusille, ympäristöllisemmille näkökulmille, joihin tämä numero painottuu.

Numero pyrkii päivittämään aiempaa ymmärrystämme siitä, missä ja millaisin ehdoin kirjallisuus ajassamme tulee luetuksi, kirjoitetuksi, koetuksi ja jaetuksi. Digitaalisena aikana vakiintuneita näkemyksiä kaunokirjallisuuteen liittyvästä toimijuudesta tuleekin tarkastella kriittisesti ja laajentaa. Teemanumeron pyrkimys on sekä toteuttaa tätä tehtävää että koota yhteen aihepiirin tutkijoita ympäri kotimaista yliopistokenttää.

Referee-artikkeleiksi tarkoitetut käsikirjoitukset ovat pituudeltaan 20 000–40 000 merkkiä välilyönteineen. Kirja-arvostelujen ohjepituus on 5000–7000 merkkiä välilyönteineen. Katsauksien, esseiden ja muiden vapaamuotoisempien kirjoitusten laajuudesta sovitaan numeron päätoimittajien kanssa. Avaimen ohjeet kirjoittajille löytyvät lehden journal.fi-sivuilta: https://journal.fi/avain/about/submissions.

Teemanumeron artikkeliehdotusten kalmanlinja on 31.10.2020, muiden kirjoitusten 31.12.2020.

Ehdotukset referee-artikkeleiksi lähetetään sähköisesti valmiin käsikirjoituksen muodossa. Ehdotukset esseiden, katsausten, arvostelujen ja haastat- telujen aiheista voivat olla vapaamuotoisempia, mutta niitä voi lähettää myös valmiina.

Teemanumeron ehdotukset lähetetään numeron vieraileville päätoimittajille, Hanna-Riikka Roineelle (hanna.roine(at)helsinki.fi) ja Laura Piipolle (laura.piippo(at)jyu.fi). Kirjoituksia koskevissa kaikissa kysymyksissä voi niin ikään olla yhteydessä vieraileviin päätoimittajiin.
Lectio Praecursoria: Fiktioita hulluudesta
Authors: Ovaska Anna Heljä Maarit
Published: August 2020

Anna Ovaskan väitöskirja Fictions of Madness: Shattering Minds and Worlds in Modernist Finnish Literature (”Fiktioita hulluudesta: Särkyneet mielet ja maailmat modernistisessa suomalaisessa kirjallisuudessa”) tarkastettiin 28.2.2020 Helsingin yliopiston humanistisessa tiedekunnassa yhteistyössä Justus Liebigin yliopiston (Giessen) kanssa.
Kirja on kapinaa, myös kannettomana
Authors: Leino Piia
Published: August 2020

Pelko painetun kirjan katoamisesta on puhuttanut viime vuosina kirjallisuuspiirejä. Itse koen vahvasti, ettei kirjassa ole olennaista kannet tai paperi, vaan kieli ja sen kantamat ideat.
Löydä vahvuutesi, suojele ympäristöä ja tunne oma kehosi
Authors: Laaksonen Kaisa
Published: August 2020

Lasten- ja nuortenkirjallisuus on jo muutaman vuoden ajan tuonut esille rohkeita ja vahvoja esikuvia eri-ikäisille lapsille ja nuorille niin kauno- kuin tietokirjallisuudessakin. Vuoden 2019 lasten- ja nuortenkirjallisuudessa esille nousseita teemoja olivat ilmastonmuutos ja ympäristönsuojelu, lapsen ja nuoren keho ja mielenterveys sekä historia ja aikamatkailu.
Etälukutaitoa
Authors: Kuortti Joel , Anna-Leena Anna-Leena
Published: August 2020

Avaimen vuoden 2020 toinen numero on hyvin monipuolinen. Tutkimusartikkeleiden lisäksi mukana on kirjava joukko erilaisia kirjallisuuden alan kirjoituksia. Vuoden 2020 kirjavan kevään aikana olemme oppineet, tai uudelleen oppineet, etälukutaitoja – niin ajallisesti, paikallisesti kuin analyyttisesti. Uuskriittinen tai muukaan lähiluku ei ole haihtunut mihinkään, mutta etänä toimiminen – oli se sitten kirjoittajan, lukijan, kriitikon, tutkijan, opiskelijan, kustantajan, b/vloggaajan tai muun kirjallisuusinstituutioon osallistuvan toimijan roolissa – on vaatinut monen, aiemmin vähemmän läsnä olleen toimintatavan omaksumista.
MRI-Based Multimodal Approach to the Assessment of Clinical Symptom Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Park Shin-Eui , Kim Byeong-Chae , Yang Jong-Chul , Jeong Gwang-Woo
Published: August 2020

Objective This study assessed the associations of the abnormal brain activation and functional connectivity (FC) during memory processing and brain volume alteration in conjunction with psychiatric symptom severity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods Twenty-OCD patients and 20-healthy controls (HC) underwent T1-weighted and functional imaging underlying explicit memory task.Results In memory encoding, OCD patients showed higher activities in right/left (Rt./Lt.) inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), compared with HC. In task-based FC, caudate (Cd) was positively connected with DLPFC and ITG in OCD, while HC showed different connectivities of Cd-ACC and Rt.-Lt. ITG. In memory retrieval, only Cd was activated in OCD patients. Cd was positively connected with DLPFC and vmPFC in OCD, but negatively connected between same brain areas in HC. OCD patients showed increased gray matter (GM) volumes of cerebellum, DLPFC, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), hippocampus, Cd and ITG, and concurrently, increased white matter volumes of DLPFC. In OCD patients, GM volumes of Cd and OFC were positively correlated with HAMA and Y-BOCS. Functional activity changes of Cd in OCD were positively correlated with Y-BOCS.Conclusion Our findings support to accessing clinical symptom and its severity linked by brain structural deformation and functional abnormality in OCD patients.
The Effect of Cognitive Training in a Day Care Center in Patients with Early Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kwon Hyuk Sung , Yang Ha-rin , Yun Kyungtaek , Baek Jong Sook , Kim Young Un , Park Seongho , Choi Hojin
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive training programs on the progression of dementia in patients with early stage Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) at the day care center.Methods From January 2015 to December 2018, a total of 119 patients with early ADD were evaluated. All subjects were classified into two groups according to participate in cognitive training program in addition to usual standard clinical care. Changes in scores for minimental status examination-dementia screening (MMSE-DS) and clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SOB) during the 12 months were compared between two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.Results As compared to case-subjects (n=43), the MMSE-DS and CDR-SOB scores were significantly worse at 12 months in the control-subjects (n=76). A statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed due to changes in MMSE-DS (p=0.012) and CDR-SOB (p<0.001) scores. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the cognitive training program (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.225, 0.070–0.725) was independently associated with less progression of ADD.Conclusion The cognitive training program was associated with benefits in maintaining cognitive function for patients with earlystage ADD that were receiving medical treatment.
Theoretical framework for education distance
Authors: Nhan Nguyen Thanh
Published: August 2020

Although different forms of distance education have existed since the 1840s and attempt to explain distance education theory have been made for decades by leading scholars in the field, the need for a distance education theory is largely unmet until recently (Pyari, 2011). As theories “lead to insights telling us what in distance education is to be expected under what conditions and circumstances, thus paving the way for corroborated practical methodological application” (Holmberg, 1985) so that a framework for distance learning is practical. The challenge for distance education theorists in the new century is to provide an understanding of the opportunities and limitations of facilitating distance teaching and learning using a variety of methods and technologies (Garrison, 2000). According to Keegan (1986), the theoretician had to answer three questions before developing a theory of distance education: First, is distance education an educational activity? Second, is distance education a form of conventional education? And third, is distance education possible? Or is it a contradiction in terms?
Murburn precepts for cytochrome P450 mediated drug/xenobiotic metabolism
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali , Parashar Abhinav
Published: August 2020

Herein, we demonstrate why deeming diffusible reactive oxygen species (DROS) as toxic wastes does not afford a comprehensive understanding of cytochrome P450 mediated microsomal xenobiotic metabolism (mXM). Using the recent insights unveiled in mechanistic redox enzymology, we reason out the remaining pieces of the mXM mechanistic chemistry and support our proposals with visual evidence and thermodynamic calculations. Particularly, we elucidate how murburn model better explains- (i) promiscuity of the unique P450-reductase; (ii) prolific activity and inhibitions of CYP3A4; (iii) structure-function correlations of important key CYP2 family isozymes- 2C9, 2D6 and 2E1; and (iv) mutation studies and mechanism-based inactivation of CYPs. In the light of our findings, it is opportune to revamp the methodologies employed for screening potential drug candidate from lead molecules.
ID2 is differentially expressed in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s Disease.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2020

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia (1). We mined published and public microarray (2, 3) datasets to identify genes whose expression was most different in the brains of patients with PD as compared to that of non-affected patients. We identified significant changes in expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor ID2 in the substantia nigra of patients with PD.
Sejarah Pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Darul Huffadh Tuju Tuju
Authors: Imam Muhammad Adil , Saleh Ahmad Muzawir
Published: August 2020

Pendidikan islam harus tetap eksis dalam kehidupan masyarakat selama umat islam tetap teguh dalam menjalankan kewajiban beragama, hal tersebut menjadi salah satu upaya melestarikan ajaran, pemahaman, maupun ideologi. Melalui pendidikan maka harapan agar ajaran agama akan tetap terlestarikan. Di Indonesia, perkembangan pendidikan islam boleh terbilang cukup pesat, baik itu pada waktu sebelum kemerdekaan maupun setelah kemerdekaan. Lembaga pendidikan islam dengan konsep hasil pemikiran para ulama-ulama pun banyak yang didirikan, akhirnya hadir dan berdirilah berbagai macam lembaga pendidikan yang berorientasi pendidikan islam, yang lazim disebut pula sebagai pondok pesantren. Tren perkembangan pendidikan islam tersebut yang menjalar dari sumatera ke jawa pun akhirnya sampai ke pulau Sulawesi. Perjalanan pendidikan islam di Sulawesi pun tak lepas dari tangan-tangan besar panrita atau ulama, khususnya ulama bugis yang telah membuktikan bahwa mereka tetap eksis dengan perguliran perkembangan zaman yang begitu cepat. Pemikiran serta kontribusinya dalam membangun lembaga pendidikan dan meletakkan dasar-dasar pendidikan islam patut menjadi contoh dan tauladan. Salah satu pusat pendidikan islam (pesantren) yang sampai saat ini masih eksis adalah pondok pesantren Darul Huffadh Tuju-tuju, terletak di kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan yang didirikan oleh salah satu ulama bugis terkenal yaitu K.H. Lanre Said. Tulisan ini kemudian akan memaparkan perkembanagn pesantren tersebut sebagai salah satu wadah pendidikan islam di nusantara dengan pendekatan historis dan empiris yang diharapkan mampu memberikan wawasan leih luas serta penanaman budaya akademik islam.
Immune Boosting in the Time of COVID: Selling Immunity on Instagram
Authors: Wagner Darren N. , Marcon Alessandro R , Caulfield Timothy
Published: August 2020

Immune boosting is a trending topic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The concept of immune boosting is scientifically misleading and often used to market unproven products and therapies. This paper presents an analysis of popular immune-boosting posts from Instagram. Of the sampled posts, all promoted immune boosting as beneficial, nearly all involved commercial interests, and many used scientific and medical rhetoric in their messaging.
The infectious vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 already exist
Authors: DING Jian
Published: August 2020

In allusion to the COVID-19 epidemic situation, the current key point to win the decisive victory is on how to improve the antibody prevalence, so as to achieve herd immunity and eventually eliminate the epidemic situation. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that an authoritative experimental conclusion should be given on whether the recovered patients with COVID-19 are infectivity or not. That is to say, those susceptible people who have not yet had the antibodies should be tested, in order to verify whether they would produce antibodies after close contact with the recovered patients who have had the antibodies. Of course, this is a feasible experiment. The implication that there should be a type of infectious vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, which is always around us and well within reach. In addition, it is pointed out that the state of balance where the viruses and the human immune system are opposed and can coexist is the environment they face for survival and proliferation, while the infectivity is the necessary condition. It is under such environment that the progenies of those original viruses would be just possible to be improved by human immune system, thereby evolve into the main part of the IgG antibodies. Since asymptomatic infected persons are now confirmed to transmit the viruses, so it is inferred that the Infectious Attenuated Live Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 must be there too.
SIGNIFIKANSI KEPEMILIKAN TANAH KANAAN BAGI BANGSA ISRAEL DI PERJANJIAN LAMA
Authors: Simanjuntak Irfan Feriando , Harefa Otieli
Published: August 2020

Kepemilikan tanah Kanaan bagi orang Israel merupakan tema yang kuat diajarkan di Perjanjian Lama. Kepemilikan ini berkali-kali diungkapkan sebagai diberikan Allah kepada mereka melalui janji yang dinyatakan kepada Abraham dan diteruskan kepada keturunannya. Sejak jaman Musa dan khususnya Yosua, bahkan sampai masa-masa seterusnya kepemilikan tanah tersebut menjadi isu yang penting dalam kehidupan bangsa Israel baik secara jasmani maupun rohani. Kepemilikannya sangat signifikan bagi mereka karena menjangkau luas seluruh relevansi kehidupan mereka sebagai umat Allah. Melalui metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, dalam artikel ini, signifikansi tersebut berkaitan dengan hal-hal yang bersifat teologis, yaitu berkaitan dengan penggenapan perjanjian, tempat perhentian bangsa Israel dan Tuhan dan penjagaan iman dan identitas bangsa Israel. Dengan demikian, bagi orang Israel di Perjanjian Lama, adalah sangat penting untuk memiliki tanah Kanaan, tanah Perjanjian tersebut.
The Signature of All Things: Children Infer Knowledge States from Static Images
Authors: Pelz Madeline , Schulz Laura , Jara-Ettinger Julian
Published: August 2020

From minimal observable action, humans make fast, intuitive judgments about what other people think, want, and feel (Heider & Simmel, 1944). Even when no agent is visible, children can infer the presence of intentional agents based on the environmental traces that only agents could leave behind (Saxe et al., 2005; Newman et al., 2010). Here we show that, beyond inferring the presence of agents, four- to six-year-olds can also determine the mental states that best explain an environmental trace. Participants (N = 35, M: 5.6 years, range:4.0 − 6.8 years) saw pairs of dresser drawers with different numbers and orientations of open drawers, and they were asked to de- termine which static scenes was generated by an agent with a given knowledge state (whether the agent wasn’t searching at all but was just playing, knew exactly where an object was hidden, knew the approximate location, had no idea where it was hidden, or at first didn’t know and then remembered). We compare children’s performance to a computational model that extends models of mental-state attribution to consider cases where the behavior is not observed but must be inferred from the structure of the environment. We find that children’s graded pattern of responded shows quantitative similarity to the predictions made by our model
Offspring Study of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease: Objectives and Design
Authors: Manly Jennifer , Rentería Miguel Arce , Avila-Rieger Justina F. , Turney Indira C. , Vonk Jet M.J. , Lao Patrick J. , Seblova Dominika , Fleurimont Judes , Martinez Michelle N. , Brickman Adam M.
Published: August 2020

The Offspring Study of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease began in 2017 to identify biological and sociocultural mechanisms of disparities in cognitive function among middle-aged people with and without a parent with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This article outlines the objectives and design of this prospective cohort study aimed at advancing the understanding of risk factors among middle aged offspring in order to clarify pathways to AD, and provides background on recruitment and retention of this diverse cohort.
Using Short Messages to Encourage COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors
Authors: Pink Sophia Lerner , Stagnaro Michael , Chu James , Mernyk Joseph S. , Voelkel Jan G. , Willer Robb
Published: August 2020

Controlling the spread of COVID-19 requires persuading the mass public to change their behavior in significant ways. Many efforts to encourage behavior change, such as public service announcements, social media posts, and billboards, involve short, persuasive appeals, yet the effectiveness of these messages is unknown. Here, we test whether short messages increase intentions to comply with public health guidelines. Research was conducted in the United States from March-July 2020. To identify promising messages, we conducted two pretests (total N = 1,596) where participants rated the persuasiveness of 56 unique messages: 31 based on the persuasion and social influence literature and 25 from a pool of 600 crowdsourced messages by online respondents. The four top-rated messages emphasized 1) civic responsibility to reciprocate the sacrifices of health care workers, 2) caring for the elderly and vulnerable, 3) a specific, sympathetic victim, and 4) limited health care system capacity. We then conducted three well-powered, pre-registered experiments (total N = 3,719) testing whether these four top-rated messages and a standard public health message based on language from the CDC increased intentions to comply with public health guidelines. In Study 1, we find the four messages and the standard public health message significantly outperformed a null control. In Studies 2 and 3, we compared the effects of persuasive messages to the standard public health message, finding that none consistently out-performed the standard public health message. Short messages can increase intentions to comply with public health guidelines, but short messages featuring persuasive techniques from the social science literature did not substantially outperform standard public health messages.
Drivers use active gaze to monitor waypoints during automated driving
Authors: Mole Callum , Pekkanen Jami , Sheppard William , Markkula Gustav , Wilkie Richard
Published: August 2020

Automated Vehicles (AVs) will change the role of the driver, from actively controlling the vehicle to primarily monitoring it. Removing the driver from the control loop could fundamentally change the way that drivers sample visual information from the scene, and in particular, alter the gaze patterns generated when under AV control. To better understand how automation affects gaze patterns this experiment used tightly controlled experimental conditions with a series of transitions from `Manual' control to `Automated' vehicle control. Automated trials were produced either using either a `Replay' of the driver's own steering trajectories or standard `Stock' trials that were identical for all participants. Gaze patterns produced during Manual and Automated conditions were recorded and compared. The results show that drivers looked slightly further ahead (increased gaze time headway) during Automation with only small differences between Stock and Replay trials. A novel mixture modelling method decomposed gaze patterns into two distinct categories and revealed that the gaze time headway increased for both during Automation. Further analyses revealed that while there was a general shift to look further ahead (and fixate the bend entry earlier) when under automated vehicle control, similar waypoint-tracking gaze patterns were produced during Manual driving and Automation. The consistency of gaze patterns across driving modes suggests that active-gaze models (developed for manual driving) might be useful for monitoring driver engagement during Automated driving.
FreeSurfer based segmentation of hippocampal subfields: a review of methods and applications, with a novel quality control procedure for ENIGMA studies and other collaborative efforts
Authors: Sämann Philipp Gero , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Gutman Boris A. , Grotegerd Dominik , Leenings Ramona , Flint Claas , Dannlowski Udo , Clarke-Rubright Emily K. , Morey Rajendra A. , van Erp Theo G.M. , Whelan Christopher D. , Han Laura K. M. , van Velzen Laura S. , Cao Bo , Augustinack Jean C. , Thompson Paul , Jahanshad Neda , Schmaal Lianne
Published: August 2020

Structural hippocampal abnormalities are common in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, and even variation within the normal range is related to cognitive performance and other complex phenotypes such as stress sensitivity. Hippocampal subregions are increasingly studied, as automated algorithms have become available for mapping and volume quantification. In the context of the ENIGMA Consortium, several Disease Working Groups are using the FreeSurfer software to analyze hippocampal subregion (subfield) volumes in patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other conditions, along with data from matched controls. In this overview, we explain the algorithm’s principle, summarize measurement reliability studies, and demonstrate two additional aspects (subfield autocorrelation and volume/reliability correlation) with illustrative data. We then explain the rationale for a standardized hippocampal subfield segmentation quality control (QC) procedure for improved pipeline harmonization. To guide researchers to make optimal use of the algorithm, we discuss how global size and age effects can be modelled, how QC steps can be incorporated and how subfields may be aggregated into composite volumes. This discussion is based on a synopsis of 162 published neuroimaging studies (01/2013–12/2019) that applied the FreeSurfer hippocampal subfield segmentation in a broad range of domains including cognition and healthy aging, brain development and neurodegeneration, affective disorders, schizophrenia, childhood trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder, inflammatory and systemic disease, alcoholism, stress regulation, neurotoxicity, as well as assessments of heritability, effects of candidate genes, genome-wide association studies and epigenetic effects. Lastly, we highlight points where FreeSurfer-based hippocampal subfield studies may be optimized.
Using ‘Big Data’ to understand the impacts of Uber on taxis in New York City
Authors: Willis George , Tranos Emmanouil
Published: August 2020

Uber has coupled their ability to dodge regulation with their ride-haling app, togrow from a Silicon Valley start-up, to a global powerhouse challenging establishedtaxis in over 700 Metropolitan areas. Through the lens of Schumpter’s ‘CreativeDestruction’ and Roger’s ‘Diffusion of Innovation’, this paper aims to investigatehow Uber challenges the established taxis, focusing on yellow taxis in New YorkCity. To capture Uber’s popularity we employ innovative new data from theNew York Times API. We couple these data with data about taxi usage andquality of service from the New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission. Wethen employ well established time-series modelling techniques in order to test ifand how Uber affected the well established taxi market in New York City. Ourresults illustrate the disruptive nature of Uber in terms of leading to a decreasein traditional taxi rides, but also to a behavioural change of customers raisingmore complaints about taxi services.
Structural Contingencies: Capitalist Constraints and Historical Contingency in the Rise and Fall of Pensions
Authors: McCarthy Michael
Published: August 2020

After World War II, collectively bargained private pensions were installed as an alternative to Social Security expansions. But these plans began to go into decline in the 1980s, when defined-contribution retirement accounts, such as 401(k)s, came to replace them. This article makes three arguments about this rise and fall to contribute toward a theory of structural contingency. First, in both episodes, state intervention into labor-management relations triggered policy changes in the private pension system. Second, policy makers were motivated to intervene because of a structural condition—namely, to manage perceived crises in capitalism. And third, the particular way they intervened and how their policy choices spurred pension marketization were driven by contingent historical circumstances. This article argues that structural constraints that inhere in capitalist democracies established a range of possible policy options available to policy makers, yet contingent and historical factors channeled policy selection within that range.
Neighborhood SES and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Denice Patrick A.
Published: August 2020

Lower-income neighborhoods have higher numbers of COVID-19 infections than higher-income neighborhoods. Yet we know relatively little about why these neighborhoods are more vulnerable. Using neighborhood-specific COVID-19 data recently released by the City of Toronto, we (a) compare the COVID-19 trajectories in lower- and higher-income neighborhoods and (b) examine the extent to which neighborhoods’ physical infrastructure and sociodemographic composition account for this difference. Until early March, differences in the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections by neighborhood SES were minimal. However, COVID-19 has since spread faster in lower-income neighborhoods. Until the peak of the pandemic, the physical infrastructure of lower-income neighborhoods was the key reason why COVID-19 spread faster in these neighborhoods. After the peak, differences in physical infrastructure played a smaller role. Lower-income neighborhoods had greater difficulty curbing the pandemic because higher shares of their residents belong to groups particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. Our findings illustrate how the pandemic may exacerbate inequalities across neighborhoods.