bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEPATITIS B KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES AMONGST MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN ABIA STATE, SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu., Ijeoma Nduka
Published: August 2021

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a life-threatening communicable disease of public health importance. Risk factors in the transmission of Hepatitis B are from exposures to infected blood and body fluids. Medical students in training are at risk of contracting the disease during clinical rotations in the hospital. This study was therefore conducted to determine the knowledge and practice level of HBV among medical students in Abia state. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of prevention of hepatitis B infection among undergraduate medical students in Abia State University, Uturu. A total of 395 students participated in the study. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Good knowledge was awarded for 70% of correct answers and poor knowledge for less than 70% correct answers. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Generally, most of the students had adequate knowledge of Hepatitis B infection. Two hundred and ninety-nine (75.7%) respondents had a score of 70% and above. Regarding vaccination status, 145 (36.7%) had received HBV vaccine, 83 (21%) hadnt while 167 (42.3%) didnt know their vaccination status. Students in year 5 [136 (87.2%) had the highest knowledge score followed by students in year 4 [122 (70.5%)]. There was a statistical significant association between knowledge score of HBV and year of study. Conclusions: This study showed that there was high knowledge of HBV infection among the students but low practice level on measures to prevent spread of HBV infection.
THE PERFORMANCE OF MADRASAH ALIYAH PRINCIPALSIN LAMPUNG SELATAN REGENCY, INDONESIA
Authors:   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., Sunaryo Untung , Kholid Idham ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., a Meriyati ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., Fauzan Ahmad ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia.
Published: August 2021

One of the problems within the reform era in Indonesia is the low quality of madrasa education, both in the process and outcomes. This study aims to determine the performance of the principals of madrasa in the development, implementation of managerial tasks, entrepreneurship development, and supervision of teachers and staff in the South Lampung Regency. This study uses the qualitative descriptive approach. The data has been collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The sources of data are the principals, vice-principals, teachers, and staff. The results of this study indicate that, first, the public madrasah development efforts in South Lampung Regency are carried out through the principals' planning by making annual activity plans at the beginning of each academic year. Second, implementing the managerial duties of the madrasah principal is carried out by making a time schedule. Third, through company visits, entrepreneurship development is carried out through study tours where the students are introduced to produce and market their products. This activity also aims to introduce students to career possibilities according to their aspirations. The supervision of teachers and education staff has been running well, although many teachers are not very good at learning media.
TRICHODERMAVIRIDE CRUCIAL ROLE IN PLANTDEFENCE AND REPLACE THE CHEMICAL FUNGICIDE THAT HIGH HEALTH RISK TO FARMER LIFE
Authors: a Yashpal
Published: August 2021

The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complexnet of several techniques. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being a hitplant Symbioticorganisms. Trichoderma spp. additionally behave as a low cost, powerful and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in numerouspatho-systems, have minimum effectat the soil equilibrium and do now no longer impair beneficial organisms that make contributions to the manipulate of pathogens. This symbiotic affiliation in plant life results in the purchase of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental techniques and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among different biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, opposition and mycoparasitism are a number of the major capabilities through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of different aggressive pathogenic organisms, thereby stopping or obstructing their development. Stimulation of each systementails the biosynthesis of centered metabolites like plant increase regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This evaluation summarizes the organic manipulate past time exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds mildat thecurrentdevelopment in pinpointing the ecological importance of Trichoderma on the biochemical and molecular stagewithinside the rhizosphere in addition to the blessings of symbiosis to the plant host in phrases of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative factor of view, the prooffurnished herein strongly helps the opportunity to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and powerful biocontrol agent for one-of-a-kind crop species.
OBSESSIONS RELIGIEUSES ET RAMADANRELIGIOUS OBSESSIONS AND RAMADAN
Authors:   Laboratoire Neuroscience Cliniques Et Sante Mentale., Elkabbaj Nisrine , Agoub Mohamed ,   Universite Hassan II Casablanca., Khoubila Adil ,   Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie.
Published: August 2021

Background: Fasting during the month of Ramadan represents one of the five pillars of Islam. All adult Muslims around the world are required to comply with this religious obligation every year. During Ramadan month, fasting people abstain from eating, drinking and having sexual intercourse from sunrise to sunset. Ramadan occurs in the ninthmonth of the lunar calendar, lasting between 29 and 30 days. The lunar calendar does not correspond to the Gregorian one therefore, Ramadan canoccur in all seasons, varying from year to year. The cycle of the sun marks the beginning and the end of fasting. Its duration varies depending on the season: about 18 hours in the summer to about 12 hours during winter. During this month, daily religious practice is emphasized in all its aspects daily routine is framed around the fast, more prayers, more Koran reading, more ambient religiosity. This study aims to monitor religious obsessions and compulsions during, and after the month of Ramadan. Methods: In group of 1500 outpatients followed, 144 met DSM IV criteria for OCD. Forty-four (44) of themhadreligious obsessions and compulsions. Thirty-four (34) patients wereinvestigatedbefore, while, and afterthismonth. Results: We noticed an improvement of symptomsafter the month of Ramadan in 32% of cases (n=10). Conclusion: This study shows that religious obsessions are the most common obsessions. In some patients, religious obsessions improve after the month of Ramadan.
SOCIAL ACCULTURATION, WORKPLACE INCIVILITY AND DIVERSITY
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore., Elizabeth Junie , Raveendran Neethika ,   Research Scholar, Institute of Management, Christ University, Bangalore.
Published: August 2021

The advent and dissemination of technology had made it possible for people to move from one region to another. The movement of people from one geographical area to another resulted in the transfer and exchange of cultures and ways of life. When individuals move from one location to another, they often experience culture shock, given that the culture they are used to is different from the one they have gone to. To adapt, these individuals had to learn and accept the new way of life so as to successfully live and work in a new environment. The process by which an individual acquire, adjusts, and adapts to a new culture is known as social acculturation. In this article, an analysis is made on the impact of social acculturation on the efforts to fight workplace incivility and in the promotion of diversity and inclusivity. The analysis showed that. Through social acculturation, individuals who visited a new environment for the first time experienced acculturative stress. The stress caused those affected to behave in a way that fostered incivility at the workplace. Some of the incivil behaviors expressed by immigrant workers include absenteeism, laziness at work, depression, among others. Social acculturation had also played a role in the assimilation of bad behaviors carried from one culture into a new one by replacing them with the most dominant culture, thus eliminating work-related incivility among new immigrants. Social acculturation had also been crucial in enhancing inclusivity and diversity. Social acculturation enabled the sharing of different cultures through the exchange of food, language, and religion. These cultural phenomenon played important roles in bringing people from diverse backgrounds together, thus fostering diversity and inclusivity regardless among global populations regardless of individual culture and social backgrounds. Acculturation had also played a key role in enhancing globalization which is the most significant arena where diversity and inclusivity play out. By exchanging and adapting to a new culture, people were able to work and live together in peace and harmony.
SCREENING CONSTANT BY UNIT NUCLEAR CHARGE CALCULATIONS OF THE RYDBERG SERIES FROM METASTABLE STATE OF CALCIUM ION
Authors:   Atoms lasers Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technoloies, University Cheikh Anta of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Sow Malick , Amadou L. Diagne Papa ,   Atoms lasers Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technoloies, University Cheikh Anta of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Ndoye Fatou ,   Atoms lasers Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technoloies, University Cheikh Anta of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., T. Gning Momar ,   Department of Experimental Sciences, UFR Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Thies, Thies, Senegal., Diop Babou ,   Atoms lasers Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technoloies, University Cheikh Anta of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal., Sakho Ibrahima ,   Department of Experimental Sciences, UFR Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Thies, Thies, Senegal.
Published: August 2021

We report in this paper energy positions of Rydberg series from metastable state of Ca3+ ion.. Calculations are performed up to n = 20 using the Screening Constant by Unit Nuclear Charge (SCUNC). The present results compared wellwith the experimental data of Ghassan A Alnaâ€™washi which are the only available values.The accurate data presented in this work may be a useful guideline for future experimental and other theoretical studies.
FACTEURS PREDICTIFS DE MORTALITE CHEZ LES PATIENTS ATTEINTS DE PNEUMONIE A COVID-19
Authors:   Hopital IBN-TOFAIL, Unite De Reanimation COVID-19 Centre Hospitalier Mohamed VI Marrakech., Hayate Errifaiy , Naila Boukoub ,   Hopital IBN-TOFAIL, Unite De Reanimation COVID-19 Centre Hospitalier Mohamed VI Marrakech., Nissrine Tajellijiti ,   Hopital IBN-TOFAIL, Unite De Reanimation COVID-19 Centre Hospitalier Mohamed VI Marrakech., Youssef Elouradi ,   Hopital IBN-TOFAIL, Unite De Reanimation COVID-19 Centre Hospitalier Mohamed VI Marrakech., Mohammed Khalouki ,   Hopital IBN-TOFAIL, Unite De Reanimation COVID-19 Centre Hospitalier Mohamed VI Marrakech.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: La pandemie a COVI-19 a constitue un probleme de sante mondiale. Si toutes les categories de la population peuvent ÃƒÂªtre touchees par linfection au nouveau coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, certaines developpent plus frequemment de formes graves. Les facteurs predits independants associes aux issues fatales varient dune population a une autre. Le but de cette etude est didentifier les facteurs epidemiologiques cliniques et dparacliniques predictifs de mortalite liee au COVID-19. Materiels Et Methodes: Etude retrospective observationnelle realisee au service de reanimation de lhÃƒÂ´pital IBN TOFEIL de MARRAKECH sur une periode de deux mois. Nous avons inclus tous les patients hospitalises durant cette periode ayant une pneumonie a COVID-19 confirmee biologiquement (PCR positif) ou radiologiquement (lesions scannographiques compatibles). Les renseignements cliniques et paracliniques ont ete obtenus avec des formulaires normalises de collecte des donnees a partir des dossiers medicaux. Le critere de jugement etait la survie ou le deces du patient. Pour lanalyse statistique, nous avons utilise le test Chi-2 ou test de Fischer pour comparer les variables qualitatives, les variables quantitatives ont ete exprimees en moyenne (Ã‚Â± ecart-type) ou en mediane(Percentile), et comparees par t-test de Student ou Mann-Whitney. Pour lanalyse multi- variee, nous avons utilise la regression logistique multiple a laide de SPSS version10 pour Windows. Un p<0,05 est considere comme significatif. Resultatas: cent-deux dossiers repondant au criteres dinclusion ont ete collectes durant cette periode detude. LÃƒÂ¢ge moyen etait 61,83Ã‚Â±11 avec une nette predominance masculine (65,7%). Le diabete est la comorbidite la plus frequente avec une prevalence de 59,8% suivie par lobesite (45,4% des patients avaient un indice de masse corporelle> 30kg/mÃ‚Â²) et lHTA dans 40,2% des cas. Le taux de mortalite etait de 45,1%. Lanalyse multivariee a objective une association significative entre lHTA OR7.69 IC a 95%(1.24-47.62), la dyspnee stade III-IV OR 84.547 IC (3.296-4547,3), la survenue dinsuffisance renale OR 114.897 IC (2.902-4547.3) et la mortalite. Conclusions: Dans cette etude la mortalite etait surtout associe aux comorbidites tels que lhypertension arterielle, le diabete, la presence de dyspnee stade III-IV a ladmission et la survenue dinsuffisance renale ainsi que des taux eleves de ferritine et de D-Dimere.
PERFECT SUSPENSION OF WORK: ALTERNATIVE OR ABUSE OF SOCIAL BENEFITS IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
Authors:   Academic Researcher at The School of Accounting, Universidad Cesar Vallejo., Ysabel Leon-Curay Victoria , Calvanapon Dra. Flor ,   Research Professors of Universidad Cesar Vallejo., Romero Hidalgo Mg. Christian ,   Research Professors of Universidad Cesar Vallejo.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of the Perfect Suspension Of Work (SPL) on the social benefits of workers during the state of sanitary emergency 2020. The methodology is: applied, non-experimental design, quantitative approach and cross-sectional through the technique of documentary analysis and the data registration form, the study considered the information reported by the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion, and reports and publications of regulations applied and enacted during the state of sanitary emergency. The results showed that 298,677 workers were included in the SPL, where 98.12% belong to the private sector, 48.51% to companies with more than 100 workers, 26.05% receive remuneration between S/1000.00 and S/1500. 00 soles, the most affected activity is the real estate activity with 15.85% and the employers have a debt of more than 27 million soles with the AFP, where 80.67% are in judicial collection and the granting of social benefits were computed by days actually worked. In conclusion, the SPL has had a negative impact on social benefit payments and workers retirement funds.
REPRESENTATIONS SOCIALES DE LA TRISOMIE 21 A COTONOU
Authors:   Assistante de recherche, Laboratoire dAnthropologie Medicale Appliquee (LAMA), Universite dAbomey-Calavi., Lydie Edith Defodji Sedami , A. Houngnihin Roch ,   Professeur titulaire, Anthropologue de la sante, Directeurs Scientifique du Laboratoire dAnthropologie Medicale Appliquee (LAMA), Universite dAbomey-Calavi.
Published: August 2021

Downs syndrome is a birth defect that affects some children whose parents hide from birth. Known in Benin under the name tÃƒÂƒÃ‚ÂÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â»xÃƒÂƒÃ‚ÂÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â»su, is trisomy 21 also called Down syndrome or mongolism a disease as perceived by Western medicine? Social representations defined as the images of perception developed by the communities to define a situation will make it possible to study this congenital reality in Cotonou because, in this West African city, the presence of a child with Downs syndrome in a family gives rise to several interpretations. Indeed, people with Downs syndrome are assimilated to vodÃƒÂƒÃ‚ÂƒÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â¹n divinity and are called TÃƒÂƒÃ‚ÂÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â»xÃƒÂƒÃ‚ÂÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â»su which literally means king of the waters. This work aims to analyze the social representations of Downs syndrome in Cotonou. Qualitative in nature, the investigation involved documentary research, direct observation, in-depth interviews and life stories. The survey took place in Cotonou from April 2020 to March 2021. The reasoned choice sampling and the route technique led to the selection of 46 actors from various socio-cultural groups. The triangulation of the data collected led to the following results: first the anomaly is not in itself a disease according to the actors and does not relate to any popular nosology, except the popular etiological register which inscribes it in a supernatural dimension then, the child with Downs syndrome in a family is a source of blessing with presumed consequences (brings well-being to a model family or restores the social order broken by the transgression of social rules) or source of curse calling for a spiritual sanction finally, the management of trisomy 21 is multifaceted and involves several actors who perceive this congenital anomaly in different ways depending on what their culture conveys.
TAILORING EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE METHAMPHETAMINE USE AMONG HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS ON METHADONE IN HO CHI MINH, VIETNAM
Authors:   Hanoi Medical University, Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi, Vietnam., Dinh Hoe Han , Van Huong Tran ,   Hanoi Medical University, Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi, Vietnam., Tran Khoa ,   Hanoi Medical University, Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi, Vietnam., Van Hai Nguyen ,   Hanoi Medical University, Center for Research and Training on Substance Abuse and HIV, Hanoi, Vietnam., Thi Lien Nguyen ,   University ofLabour Social Affairs.
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated the effectiveness of evidence-based intervention to reduce methamphetamine (MET) use among HIV-positive users in Ho Chi Minh. A total of 236 HIV-positive patients were screened, 71 (30.1%) met the inclusion criteria and 51 (71.8%) were enrolled. Of those enrolled, 49 completed 12 weeks of the intervention, most (?%) of whom used amphetamine-type substances at moderate or higher risk of dependence. The intervention reduced the rate of positive urine MET tests from 54.9% to 12.5%. Participants at intermediate risk for MET (93.1%) were significantly more likely to respond to positive behavior management during the first 6 weeks than participants at high-risk (6.9%, p=0.01). The responder group with positive behavioral management (n=29, 56.8%) received phone/SMS intervention during the latter six weeks of the study and were able to maintain negative urine drug tests. In the non-responder group (n=20), there was no significant difference between the group receiving the Matrix intervention and the group receiving the Matrix intervention in combination with positive behavior management. At the end of the study, 31% of responders and 35% of non-responders had viral loads below the detectable threshold. The results of the study suggest that an evidence-based intervention can reduce the MET use among HIV-positive methadone patients. More studies with larger sample size are needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of interventions as well as their feasibility for widespread adoption.
Significant variables currently influencing air travelers’ preference for domestic airlines in Nigeria
Authors: Sidiq Ben , Stephens Mobolaji , Ukpere Wilfred
Published: August 2021

In recent years domestic airlines are improving their services, and the major airlines in Nigeria are ahead of others based on superior strategies; in fact, some airlines are not fully utilized, which affects their profitability, while others are highly utilized. Market dynamics and regulatory forces are the key variables that influence airline attributes, features, and developments, but this is most evident where each airline competes for passengers despite the different route choices and airports of departure. This study aimed to examine the significant variables that are currently influencing air travelers’ preference for domestic airlines in Nigeria. Primary data were obtained through systematic and random sampling of air passengers, and a questionnaire was employed for data analysis. In Lagos and Abuja airports, 757 and 682 questionnaires were administered respectively with 71.1% and 61.9% returned respectively. Regression analysis was utilized to analyze the primary data. The study found that time, safety, and fare are the most influencing factors determining passenger choice of domestic airlines in Nigeria. The current findings are crucial for policymaking, particularly during the phase of airline planning and management especially during the Covid-19 pandemic era that has challenged the economic buoyancy and the purchasing power of passengers.
OSMANLI’NIN SON ZAMANLARI CUMHURİYET’İN İLK ÇEYREK ASRINDA SITMA SALGININA KARŞI VERİLEN MÜCADELENİN MAHİYETİ
Authors: IŞIK Zekeriya
Published: August 2021

İnsanlık tarihi üzerinde derin izler bırakan hadiselerden birisi de salgın hastalıklardır. Salgınlar yıkıcı, yok edici güçleriyle toplumların demografik yapıları, siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel yaşantıları üzerinde önemli etkilere ve değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan Sıtma da insanlığın özellikle tarım ve ziraat faaliyetlerine giriştiği en eski çağlardan beri bilinen öldürücü, salgın bir hastalıktır. Sıtma özellikle 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu için orduda ve bir takım yerleşim yerlerinde kitlesel bir salgın sorununa dönüşmüştür. Savaşlar, siyasi krizler, göçler, kıtlık, kötü yaşam koşulları sıtma salgınlarını teşvik etmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, sıtmayla mücadelede ciddi önlemler alsa da içinde bulunduğu ağır şartlar bunların tam anlamıyla gerçekleştirilmesine imkân tanımamıştır. Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında da savaştan yeni çıkmış olan toplumun içinde bulunduğu zorlu yaşam koşulları, sağlık alt yapısındaki yetersizlikler sıtmanın yayılmasını kolaylaştırmıştır. Bunun üzerine devlet, sıtmaya karşı resmi, sivil bütün unsurların kenetlenmesini zorunlu kılan topyekûn bir milli mücadele, resmen ilan edildiği şekliyle olağanüstü bir savaş başlatmıştır. Bu çalışma son dönem Osmanlı tarihsel bakiyesini de akılda tutmak kaydıyla, Cumhuriyetin ilk çeyrek asrında sıtmaya karşı verilen mücadelenin mahiyetini genel olarak ortaya koymak, atılan adımlar, geliştirilen politikalar ve uygulamaların niteliği üzerinde durarak bu vb. salgınlarla mücadele hususunda günümüze tarihi bir tecrübeyi aktarmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
II. ABDÜLHAMİD DÖNEMİNDE ZİRAİ EĞİTİM HAMLESİ: HÜDAVENDİGAR HAMİDİYE ZİRAAT AMELİYAT MEKTEBİ VE NUMUNE ÇİFTLİĞİ (1891-1909)
Authors: VURGUN Ahmet
Published: August 2021

II. Abdülhamid döneminde eğitimin modernleştirilmesi doğrultusunda pek çok gelişme yaşanmıştır. İlk, orta ve yükseköğretimde olduğu gibi mesleki ve teknik eğitim alanında da yeni eğitim kurumları tesis edilmiştir. Özellikle mesleki eğitimde, ülkenin içinde bulunduğu sosyo-ekonomik durum dikkate alınarak adım atılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu konuda en temel örneklerden birini ziraat meselesi ve ziraat mektepleri oluşturur. II. Abdülhamid iktidara geldikten sonra ziraat alanında modernleşme ve ziraat eğitimi gündeme gelmiş ve Halkalı’da bir ziraat mektebi tesisine girişilerek uzun ömürlü ilk adım atılmıştır. Ziraat Mektepleri sadece İstanbul ile sınırlı kalmamış, vilayetlerde de tesis edilmiştir. İşte bu çalışmada, II. Abdülhamid dönemi eğitim politikaları ve ziraat anlayışı doğrultusunda Bursa’da açılan Hüdavendigar Ziraat Ameliyat Mektebi ve Numune Çiftliği ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, mektebin açılış süreci, idari ve öğretim kadrosu, müfredat ve dersler, imtihanlar, öğrenci sayısı, mezuniyet, mektebin sosyal durumu ile çiftlik hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler verilmiştir. Bursa’daki Ziraat Mektebi, döneminde Halkalı ve Selanik Ziraat Mektepleri ile birlikte, Osmanlı Devletinde modern ziraat eğitiminin verildiği üç eğitim kurumundan biridir. Akabinde Meşrutiyet ve Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinde varlığını devam ettiren bu okul, günümüzde II. Abdülhamid döneminde inşa edilen ziraat mekteplerinden tarihi misyonunu devam ettiren tek okul olma özelliğiyle, Türk eğitim tarihinde ayrı bir yere sahiptir.
DEVLETİN FARKLI YÜZÜ CEZALANDIRMA USULLERİNE DELHİ TÜRK SULTANLIĞINDAN BAKMAK (1206-1320)
Authors: KOÇ Bilal
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmayla birlikte Orta Çağlarda devletin farklı bir yüzünü ortaya koyan cezalandırma usulleri konu edinilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda şehzadelere, hanedan üyelerine, devlet adamlarına, din adamlarına, tüccarlara ve halkın farklı kesimlerine ne gibi cezalar ve yaptırımlar uygulandığı alt başlıklar halinde ele alınmıştır. Göze mil çekmek, sürgüne göndermek, tutsak etmek, idam etmek, boyun vurmak, yay kirişiyle boğdurmak, zehirleterek öldürmek, iktâ bölgesini elinden almak, kısas cezasına çarptırmak şeklinde bir dizi ağır ve hafif cezaların uygulandığı görülmektedir. Cezaların büyük bir çoğunluğunun isyana teşebbüs neticesinde yaşanan gelişmeler sonucunda şehzadelere, hanedan üyelerine ve devlet adamlarına uygulandığı görülmektedir. Devlette siyasî istikrarın kesintiye uğradığı süreçlerde bu cezalandırmaların daha çok uygulandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bir ön alma ve caydırıcılık oluşturmak bakımından bu cezalar uygulanmışsa da Delhi Türk Sultanlığı’nın siyasi tarihinde sıkça yaşanmıştır. İçerik olarak ve uygulanma noktasında diğer Orta Çağ Türk-İslâm devletlerinde görülen cezaî yaptırımlara ve uygulamalara benzerlik göstermektedir. Uygulanan cezaların İslâm hukukuna ve örfî hukuka (sözlü gelenekten kaynağını alan) uygunluğuna dikkat edildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Ağır ve hafif olarak nitelendirilebilecek cezalar olduğu gibi hükümdarların bazı durumlarda cezalardan, Sultan Celâleddîn örneğinde olduğu gibi, vazgeçtikleri de olmuştur ki, çalışmanın ilgili yerinde bu duruma yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın son kısmında ise konu bağlamında varılan temel yargılar ve durumlar ortaya konulmuştur.
KIRGIZ TÜRKÇESİNDE TABANLAŞMIŞ BİRLEŞİK FİİLLER
Authors: AKIN Cüneyt
Published: August 2021

Türk Dilinin bütün lehçelerinde olduğu gibi, Kırgız Türkçesinde de birleşme, kalıplaşma ve türetme yollarıyla oluşmuş birleşik fiil yapıları söz konusudur. Birleşik fiillerde esas fiil kendi anlamını korumakta, yardımcı fiil ise asıl fiili, çeşitli bakımlardan (tezlik, yeterlilik, sürerlik vb.) tasvir etmektedir. Kırgız Türkçesinde iki fiilin birleşmesiyle ortaya çıkan yapılarda asıl fiil yardımcı fiile daha çok -(I)p, –A, -y zarf – fiil ekleriyle bağlanmaktadır. Yardımcı fiil, asıl fiilin belirttiği hareketi ve hareketin tarzını ifade etmek için gerekli olan yapıdır. Kırgız Türkçesinde iki fiilin birleşmesiyle oluşturulan yapılardan bir kısmı, kaynaşarak taban haline gelmiştir: apar- (alıp bar-), apke- (alıp kel-), alper- (alıp ber-) vb. Çalışmada, burada birkaç örneğini verdiğimiz birleşik fiil yapılarının tabanlaşmış şekilleri dikkatlere sunulacaktır. Kırgız Türkçesi ağızlarındaki tabanlaşmış yapılar ve ölçünlü dildeki yapılar bir arada ele alınacak ve örneklerle birlikte ortaya konulacaktır. Kırgız Türkçesine bakıldığında, tabanlaşmış fiiller sözdizimsel bir birim olarak, özellikle al- fiilinin temel fiil olduğu birleşik fiil yapıları karşımıza çıkmakta, çok sayıda örnekte ise, al-+zarf fiil yapısına al-, bar-, ber-, ket-, iy-, at- gibi yardımcı fiilllerin eklenmesiyle oluşan tabanlaşmış yapılar dikkati çekmektedir. Diğer Türk lehçeleriyle birlikte Türkiye Türkçesi ve Kırgız Türkçesinde de görülen tabanlaşmış birleşik fiil yapısının apar- olduğu görülmektedir. alper-, apke-, alıval-, alıviy- vb. şekiller de ayrıca Kırgız Türkçesinde karşımıza çıkar.
KARAÇAY-MALKAR TÜRKÇESİNDE İŞLEK OLMAYAN İSİM SOYLU KELİME YAPIM EKLERİ
Authors: ADİLOĞLU Adilhan
Published: August 2021

Bu makalede, Kuzey-Batı (Kıpçak) Türk lehçeleri grubunda yer alan Karaçay-Malkar Türkçesinde artık işlekliğini kaybederek kullanımdan çıkmış veya çok az kullanılan isim soylu kelime yapım ekleri ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu bu ekler önce tespit edilerek alfabetik bir sıralamayla tasnif edilmiş, bilâhare bu eklerin her birinin işlevleri ve kazandırdıkları yeni anlamlar ile eklendikleri kök veya gövdelerle olan ilişkileri örnekler verilerek gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca söz konusu bu eklerin bugünkü Türk lehçelerindeki benzerlerine işaret edilerek örnekler verilmiş, müteakiben Orhon, Eski Uygur, Karahanlı, Harezm, Kıpçak ve Çağatay Türkçesi dönemlerindeki biçim, anlam ve işlevleriyle mukayese edilmek suretiyle söz konusu bu eklerin Karaçay-Malkar Türkçesindeki teşekkül yapısı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
HAREZM TÜRKÇESİNDE NADİR KULLANILAN FİİLDEN İSİM YAPMA EKLERİ
Authors: AŞCI Menşure
Published: August 2021

Söz yapımı, bir dilin zenginliğinin göstergelerinden biri kabul edilir. Dünyanın herhangi bir dili söz yapımı konusunda mahir ise o dilin “gelişmiş, üretken” olduğu söyleyebilir. Dildeki kavram ve eylemlerin, yardımcı ögelerin biçimsel olarak gösterilebilmesi sözlerle mümkün olduğundan, bir dil her dönemde yeni sözler türetmelidir. Eklemeli bir dil olan Türkçede söz yapımı için yapım ekleri ana karakterler durumundadır. Türkçe yapım ekleri açısından dünyanın en üretken dillerinden biridir. Türkçede söz türetmek için kullanılan dört türlü yapım eki vardır: İsimden isim yapma ekleri, isimden fiil yapma ekleri, fiilden isim yapma ekleri ve fiilden fiil yapma ekleri. Bu çalışmada, Türkçenin tarihî dönemlerinden olan Harezm Türkçesinde nadir kullanılan fiilden isim yapma ekleri incelenmiştir. Harezm Türkçesi, Türk dili tarihinde eserler açısından en şanslı dönemlerdendir. Bu dönem gerek mensur gerekse manzum ve sözlük hüviyetinde, dönemin dil hususiyetlerini, dil bilgisi özelliklerini, kelime hazinesini, cümle yapısını; kısacası bir dilin incelenmesi için gereken bütün malzemeye sahip bir dönemdir. Dönemin en hacimli ve kelime hazinesi olarak en zengin eserleri olan Nehcü’l-Ferâdis, Kısasü’l-Enbiyâ, Hüsrev ü Şîrîn ve Mu’înü’Mürîd üzerinde yürüttüğümüz çalışmamızda; bu eserlerde nadir kullanılan fiilden isim yapma ekleri tespit edilmiş, bu yapım eklerinin tarihî seyri ve eserlerde ne şekilde kullanıldıkları gösterilmiştir.
Abstract
Word
FARUK NAFİZ ÇAMLIBEL’İN MERMER BEŞİK ADLI SENARYOSU ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ŞEN Can , ŞAHİNKAYA Şeyma
Published: August 2021

Türk edebiyatında çeşitli eserleriyle kendilerine önemli bir yer edinmiş kimi şairlerin/yazarların külliyatlarında geri planda kalan, unutulan eserler olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu isimlerden birisi de şair kimliğiyle ön planda olmasının yanı sıra tiyatro ve roman türlerinde de eser veren Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel’dir. Sanatçı, bu eserlerinin yanında Mermer Beşik adlı bir senaryo da kaleme almıştır. Çamlıbel’in günümüzde basılı eserleri arasında yer almayan bu eserine bugüne kadar sadece bir akademik çalışmada değinilmiştir. Aynı zamanda Türk edebiyatında edebiyat-sinema ilişkisi üzerine yapılan araştırmalar ve senaryo metinlerinin edebî olarak incelendiği çalışmalar oldukça azdır.

Bu noktada senaryo metinlerinin edebiyat bilimi açısından tür olarak nasıl sınıflandırılacağı da üzerinde durulması, tartışılması gereken bir husustur. Makalemizde bu doğrultuda Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel’in Mermer Beşik adlı bu senaryosunu yapı ve içerik özellikleri bakımından inceleyerek yazar üzerine yapılan akademik çalışmaların yanı sıra senaryo metinlerinin bir edebî eser olarak değerlendirildiği çalışmalara katkı sunmaya çalışacağız.
TÜRK SANATINDA “CENNET” DAMGASI VE TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE SEKİZE “8” YÜKLENEN ANLAMLAR
Authors: ASLAN Yunus , DURAN Remzi
Published: August 2021

Sayıların, matematikteki karşılıklarının ve kullanımının yanı sıra sayılara yüklenen kültürel ve sembolik anlamlar da oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda sayılara yüklenen anlamlar, dolayısıyla sayı sembolizmi, çeşitli dini metinlerde, mitlerde ya da destanlarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Türk mitolojisinde sekiz “8” genellikle dünyanın köşeleri, kutsal bir ağaç ya da gök katmanlarıyla beraber anılmaktadır. Sekiz sayısı, Türk kültüründe eskiden beri kullanılan “bir, üç, yedi, dokuz, otuz, kırk, kırk bir, yetmiş, doksan” gibi sayıların yanında, daha nadir bir kullanıma sahiptir. Sekiz sayısına yüklenen anlamlar, arasında en çok öne çıkan Cennet temsilidir. Türk mitolojisinde yaratılan ilk ağacın dokuz kollu olduğu, kollardan birinin Tengri’nin kapısının önüne, diğerleri ise sekiz köşeli olduğuna inanılan dünyanın sekiz köşesine uzanmaktadır. İslami bağlamda sekiz Cennet kapısından yola çıkılarak, “sekiz Cennet” ibaresi önem kazanmaktadır. Sekiz sayısının sembolik olarak sanata yansımalarının bizim tanımlama ve isimlendirmemizle “Cennet” damgası özelinde şekillendiği görülmektedir. Cennet damgası, sekiz sayısıyla bağlantılı olarak özellikle Orta Çağ Türk İslam mimarisinde, geometrik süslemelerle birlikte, motifleşmiş biçimde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Türk kültürünün etkisi ile saygın bir konumda olan damga, İslam sanatında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kendi içinde alt tiplere sahip olan bu damga, pek çok yapıda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tarihi süreçte sekiz sayısına yüklenen farklı anlamlar ve Cennet damgasının Türk sanatındaki kullanımı üzerinedir.
A genetic algorithm-based support vector machine to estimate the transverse mixing coefficient in streams
Authors: Nezaratian Hosein , Zahiri Javad , Peykani Mohammad Fatehi , Haghiabi AmirHamzeh , Parsaie Abbas
Published: August 2021

Transverse mixing coefficient (TMC) is known as one of the most effective parameters in the two-dimensional simulation of water pollution, and increasing the accuracy of estimating this coefficient will improve the modeling process. In the present study, genetic algorithm (GA)-based support vector machine (SVM) was used to estimate TMC in streams. There are three principal parameters in SVM which need to be adjusted during the estimating procedure. GA helps SVM and optimizes these three parameters automatically in the best way. The accuracy of the SVM and GA-SVM algorithms along with previous models were discussed in TMC estimation by using a wide range of hydraulic and geometrical data from field and laboratory experiments. According to statistical analysis, the performance of the mentioned models in both straight and meandering streams was more accurate than the regression-based models. Sensitivity analysis showed that the accuracy of the GA-SVM algorithm in TMC estimation significantly correlated with the number of input parameters. Eliminating the uncorrelated parameters and reducing the number of input parameters will reduce the complexity of the problem and improve the TMC estimation by GA-SVM.
Pengaruh motivasi, budaya organisasi, lingkungan, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru SMA Kota Juang
Authors: Iba Zainuddin , Saifuddin Saifuddin , Marwan Marwan , Konadi Win
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (a) pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja guru, (b) pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja guru, (c) pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru, dan pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan survei yang dilakukan terhadap 63 guru. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Metode analisis data ialah statistik dengan pendekatan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh faktor motivasi kerja guru terhadap kinerja guru, yakni sebesar 14,54 %. (2) Terdapat pengaruh faktor budaya organisasi, yakni budaya sekolah terhadap kinerja guru, sebesar 24,68 persen. (3) Terdapat pengaruh faktor lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru. (4) Terdapat pengaruh faktor kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja, yakni sebesar 13,88 persen. Hasil analisis dari nilai koefisien determinasi menjelaskan bahwa kontribusi faktor motivasi guru, budaya organisasi dan lingkungan kerja, dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja guru, sebesar 70,4 %, sementara sisanya (nilai residu) dari peran variabel yang tidak diteliti sebesar 29,6%. Nilai residu tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi variabel kinerja guru, seperti iklim organisasi, fasilitas kerja, pendidikan dan pelatihan.AbstractThis study aims to determine (a) the influence of motivation on teacher performance, (b) the influence of organizational culture on teacher performance, (c) the effect of work environment on teacher performance, and the effect of job satisfaction on teacher performance. This research is quantitative research with a survey conducted on 63 teachers. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The method of data analysis used is statistics with a path analysis approach. The results showed that (1) there is an influence of teacher work motivation factors on teacher performance, which is equal to 14.54%. (2) There is an influence of organizational culture factors, namely school culture on teacher performance, amounting to 24.68 percent. (3) There is an influence of work environment factors on teacher performance. (4) There is an influence of job satisfaction factors on performance, which is equal to 13.88 percent. The results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination explain that the contribution of teacher motivation factors, organizational culture and work environment, and job satisfaction to teacher performance is 70.4%, while the rest (residual value) from the role of the variables not studied was 29.6%. The residual value indicates that there are other factors that can influence teacher performance variables, such as organizational climate, work facilities, education, and training.
Mapping eHealth Education: Review of eHealth Content in Health and Medical Degrees at a Metropolitan Tertiary Institute in Australia
Authors: Keep Melanie , Janssen Anna , McGregor Deborah , Brunner Melissa , Baysari Melissa Therese , Quinn Deleana , Shaw Tim
Published: August 2021

Background

With the increasing use of digital technology in society, there is a greater need for health professionals to engage in eHealth-enabled clinical practice. For this, higher education institutions need to suitably prepare graduates of health professional degrees with the capabilities required to practice in eHealth contexts.

Objective

This study aims to understand how eHealth is taught at a major Australian university and the challenges and suggestions for integrating eHealth into allied health, nursing, and medical university curricula.

Methods

Cross-disciplinary subject unit outlines (N=77) were reviewed for eHealth-related content, and interviews and focus groups were conducted with the corresponding subject unit coordinators (n=26). Content analysis was used to identify themes around challenges and opportunities for embedding eHealth in teaching.

Results

There was no evidence of a standardized approach to eHealth teaching across any of the health degrees at the university. Where eHealth content existed, it tended to focus on clinical applications rather than systems and policies, data analysis and knowledge creation, or system and technology implementation. Despite identifying numerous challenges to embedding eHealth in their subjects, unit coordinators expressed enthusiasm for eHealth teaching and were keen to adjust content and learning activities.

Conclusions

Explicit strategies are required to address how eHealth capabilities can be embedded across clinical health degrees. Unit coordinators require support, including access to relevant information, teaching resources, and curriculum mapping, which clearly articulates eHealth capabilities for students across their degrees. Degree-wide conversations and collaboration are required between professional bodes, clinical practice, and universities to overcome the practical and perceived challenges of integrating eHealth in health curricula.
Blockchain Technology Projects to Provide Telemedical Services: Systematic Review
Authors: Koshechkin Konstantin , Lebedev Georgy , Radzievsky George , Seepold Ralf , Martinez Natividad Madrid
Published: August 2021

Background

One of the most promising health care development areas is introducing telemedicine services and creating solutions based on blockchain technology. The study of systems combining both these domains indicates the ongoing expansion of digital technologies in this market segment.

Objective

This paper aims to review the feasibility of blockchain technology for telemedicine.

Methods

The authors identified relevant studies via systematic searches of databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. The suitability of each for inclusion in this review was assessed independently. Owing to the lack of publications, available blockchain-based tokens were discovered via conventional web search engines (Google, Yahoo, and Yandex).

Results

Of the 40 discovered projects, only 18 met the selection criteria. The 5 most prevalent features of the available solutions (N=18) were medical data access (14/18, 78%), medical service processing (14/18, 78%), diagnostic support (10/18, 56%), payment transactions (10/18, 56%), and fundraising for telemedical instrument development (5/18, 28%).

Conclusions

These different features (eg, medical data access, medical service processing, epidemiology reporting, diagnostic support, and treatment support) allow us to discuss the possibilities for integration of blockchain technology into telemedicine and health care on different levels. In this area, a wide range of tasks can be identified that could be accomplished based on digital technologies using blockchains.
Analysis of Hospital Quality Measures and Web-Based Chargemasters, 2019: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patel Kunal N , Mazurenko Olena , Ford Eric
Published: August 2021

Background

The federal health care price transparency regulation from 2019 is aimed at bending the health care cost curve by increasing the availability of hospital pricing information for the public.

Objective

This study aims to examine the associations between publicly reported diagnosis-related group chargemaster prices on the internet and quality measures, process indicators, and patient-reported experience measures.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we collected and analyzed a random 5.02% (212/4221) stratified sample of US hospital prices in 2019 using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis.

Results

We found extreme price variation in shoppable services and significantly greater price variation for medical versus surgical services (P=.006). In addition, we found that quality indicators were positively associated with standard charges, such as mortality (β=.929; P<.001) and readmissions (β=.514; P<.001). Other quality indicators, such as the effectiveness of care (β=−.919; P<.001), efficient use of medical imaging (β=−.458; P=.001), and patient recommendation scores (β=−.414; P<.001), were negatively associated with standard charges.

Conclusions

We found that hospital chargemasters display wide variations in prices for medical services and procedures and match variations in quality measures. Further work is required to investigate 100% of US hospital prices posted publicly on the internet and their relationship with quality measures.
Psychological Violence Against Arab Women in the Context of Social Media: Web-Based Questionnaire Study
Authors: Omar Bali Ahmed , Omer Emad , Abdulridha Kawa , Ahmad Araz Ramazan
Published: August 2021

Background

Social media provides women with varying platforms to express themselves, show their talents, communicate and expand their social relationships, and break the shackles imposed by their societies. Theoretically, social media can play a significant role in developing women’s freedom and decreasing social pressures; nonetheless, women continue to face violence during the social media era mainly in the form of psychological violence.

Objective

This study aims to conduct an empirical in-depth analysis of how the digital space, particularly social media, provides men with new opportunities to surveil, restrict, harass, and intimidate feminists in Arab countries.

Methods

This study includes an empirical survey to investigate what Arab women think are the causes and types of violence wielded against them and their perspectives on the impact of that violence. This study used a web-based questionnaire administered through Google Forms (n=1312) with responses from Arab women aged 15 years and above from all Arab countries.

Results

We found that most Arab women feared posting an actual photograph of themselves on their social media accounts and only approximately one-third (490/1312, 37.3%) did so. Most women indicated that they encountered sexual harassment regardless of their age. Furthermore, most women were not aware of the legal aspects of this crime and even those who were aware indicated that they would not press charges for several reasons, including bringing dishonor upon their families, the time-consuming nature of litigation, and fear of revenge.

Conclusions

This study shows that young and less educated women are more vulnerable to abuse from either social media users or being condemned by their families. This has several effects, including lower self-esteem and hesitancy in seeking a job, feelings of mistrust and fear, cynicism, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. These issues hold women back from using social media in positive ways and some consider leaving social media.