bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Properties of Welded Joints Made by 6082-T6 Aluminium Alloy and their Behaviour under Cyclic Loading Conditions
Authors: Pósalaky D. , Lukács János
Published: February 2015

The magnitude of different aluminium alloys, especially the ones with higher strength, are increasing in the structural engineering, not just the usual applications (like the aerospace industry) but more likely in the automotive industry. There are more assumptions of the effective use of aluminium; we should highlight two important factors, the technological and the applicability criterions. The technological criterion is the joining of structural elements, frequently with welding thus the technological criterion ultimately is the weldability. The assumption of applicability comes from the loading capability of these structures, which is typically cyclic loading so the key issue from the point of view of applicability is the resistance to fatigue. This article represents physical simulation and fatigue test results both on the base material and on the welded joints.
Observed Phenomena during the Development of an Adhesion Test for Coated Medical Devices
Authors: Sélley Torda László , Kertész Anna , Bognár Eszter
Published: February 2015

Devices used in the field of medical technology require high biocompatibility. Medical devices that are made from stainless steel have good biocompatible properties, but polymer coatings can radically improve it. One of the most important quality of the coating is adhesion, and this was our rationale for developing a polymer adhesion testing protocol. In our research, two biocompatible polymers were compared, polyurethane (PUR) and poly-(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PDLG). Surface-treated stainless steel sheets were used as carrier for polymer layers. The adhesive properties of different layers were compared. Adhesion of the coatings was characterised by concentration of coating solution and surface roughness of the carriers, and some phenomena were observed.
Investigation of Typical Bonding Faults of Plated Al Sheets Developed during Rolling
Authors: Szabó Gábor , Mertinger Valéria
Published: February 2015

In this study the typical bonding faults of three layer-plated aluminum sheets are investigated. The bonding was performed between AlMn1Si0.8 and AlSi10 alloys using hot rolling (a VON ROLL experimental duo mill). The experimental temperatures were 460, 480 and 500 °C. T-peel test provided a good description about the quality of bonding. Structure analysis was also performed by light microscopy to detect typical bonding faults. The aim of this investigation is to produce some typical bonding faults and find the cause of formation. The influence of the rolling temperature and surface roughness on the bonding was also analyzed. Rolling schedule and the role of first pass on the development of perfect bonding were experimentally determined.
CSI vs. Reality
Authors: Tóth Péter
Published: February 2015

Nowadays forensic sciences try to keep up with criminality. Unfortunately despite this criminality continues to grow. Armed robbery, murder have become rife, yet the number of other crimes does not seem to decrease.
Deposition of Nanostructure ZnO with Variable Morphology by Electrochemical and Hydrothermal Methods onto Nonwoven Materials
Authors: Fazakas Éva , Furkó Monika , Takács E. , Gonter K. , Varsányi M.L.
Published: February 2015

ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by two wet-chemical methods (hydrothermal and electrochemical) featuring low temperature (95°C) and atmospheric pressure onto nonwoven substrates. We investigated a hydrothermal method using reagents Zn (NO3)2.6H2O and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as well as an electrochemical method using ZnCl2, and KCl containing electrolyte with H2O2 and/or O2 bubbling. The surface condition of substrate material and the experimental conditions played a key role in the nanowire formation. The morphologies observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) include wurtzit or cabbage-like. These morphologies were found to vary with the method applied.
Determination of Flow Curve by Cylindrical Upsetting Based on the Principle of Virtual Power
Authors: Szombathelyi Viktor , Krállics György , Rózsahegyi Péter
Published: February 2015

In the design of metalworking technologies, one of the most important amount is the flow stress of the material. A few experimental method can be used to measure it. The most commonly used tests to determine the flow curve of materials include upsetting of cylindrical or prismatic specimens, tension or torsion tests. In our work, the determination method of flow curve were investigated based on the principle of virtual power with cold working conditions. The experimental method, cylindrical upsetting, was executed on the Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The goal was to determine reliable flow curve for large plastic strain. The results showed that reliable flow stress values were obtainable in equivalent plastic strain range of 0 to 0.7 by continuous cylindrical upsetting.
Simulation of Isothermal Austenitization in Banded Pearlite Steels by Cellular Automaton
Authors: Karacs Gábor , Roósz András
Published: February 2015

The austenitization of steels can occur in a wide variety of initial microstructures. In this study we addressed the transformation of banded pearlite steels. Banded pearlite initial structures similar to the real ones were created. In these structures the entire transformation process was simulated whose part processes are nucleation and grain growth. The nucleation is described by a free energy based model, and the Fick II. diffusion equation by using Finite Difference Method describes the grain growth. These models have been coupled in cellular automata simulations.
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of VVER-440 Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels at Isothermal Condition
Authors: Fekete Balazs , Bereczki Peter , Trampus Peter
Published: February 2015

The fatigue life of the structural materials 15H2MFA and 08H18N10T of VVER-440 reactor pressure vessel under completely reserved total strain controlled tests were investigated. The measurements were carried out with isothermal condition at 260°C on GLEEBLE 3800 servo-hydraulic thermal mechanical simulator. The isothermal low cycle fatigue results were evaluated with the plastic strain based Coffin-Manson law, and plastic strain energy based model as well. It was shown that both methods are able to predict the fatigue life of reactor pressure vessel steels accurately.
Styrene-Butadiene Rubber/Graphene Nanocomposites: Effect of Co-Milling with Cyclic Butylene-Terephthalate
Authors: Halász István , Bárány Tamás
Published: February 2015

Graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were produced by two different methods. For reference purpose carbon black (CB) reinforced formulations served. In the first method the components were mixed on a two roll open mill directly. In the second method, GnP was subjected to milling in an attritor mill together with cyclic butylene-terephthalate oligomer (CBT) powder prior to the mixing on two roll mill. Samples were cured in a hot press. The rubber sheets were characterized by tensile and tear tests, and their fracture surfaces inspected in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that GnP outperformed CB with respect to reinforcing effect. Previous co-milling of GnP with CBT caused a slight decrease in mechanical properties. SEM images proved, that the co-milling process did not affect significantly the dispersion of GnP, its particles were shredded into smaller pieces, which caused the slight decrease in the mechanical properties.
Analysis of a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kálmán László , Mészáros István
Published: February 2015

This work demonstrates particularly the basic properties of shape memory alloys and gives a brief review about their basic crystallographic processes. The attributes of shape memory alloys will be presented through the NiTi alloys. The crystallographic principles of three unique properties were investigated and the functional mechanism described. One of the three essential mechanisms, the one-way effect was demonstrated through an experiment. The change of length depending temperature was tested and documented. The hysteresis behavior of shape memory alloys was recorded.
Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) arrives at the most easterly point in North America
Authors: Fielden Miles A. , Chaulk Andrew C. , Bassett Kate , Wiersma Yolanda F. , Erbland Mardon , Whitney Hugh , Chapman Thomas W.
Published: February 2015

Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), the Asian bush mosquito, is a keen biter linked to the transmission to humans of a variety of diseases. It has moved significantly from its historical Asian distribution, with its arrival in North America first noted in 1998 in New York and New Jersey, United States of America. Here we report the presence of A. j. japonicus within our collections of mosquitoes in the capital city of the easternmost province in Canada: St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, in 2013. This observation provides further evidence of this mosquito’s ability to significantly expand its geographic range, potentially affecting connectivity between subpopulations globally.
Extracorporeal Photopheresis Promotes IL-1β Production
Authors: Yakut Erhan , Jakobs Christopher , Peric Adriana , Michel Gabriela , Baal Nelli , Bein Gregor , Brüne Bernhard , Hornung Veit , Hackstein Holger
Published: February 2015

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a widely used clinical cell-based therapy exhibiting efficacy in heterogenous immune-mediated diseases such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma, graft-versus-host disease, and organ allograft rejection. Despite its documented efficacy in cancer immunotherapy, little is known regarding the induction of immunostimulatory mediators by ECP. In this article, we show that ECP promotes marked release of the prototypic immunostimulatory cytokine IL-1β. ECP primes IL-1β production and activates IL-1β maturation and release in the context of caspase-1 activation in monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells. Of interest, IL-1β maturation by ECP was fully intact in murine cells deficient in caspase-1, suggesting the predominance of an inflammasome-independent pathway for ECP-dependent IL-1β maturation. Clinically, patient analysis revealed significantly increased IL-1β production in stimulated leukapheresis concentrates and peripheral blood samples after ECP. Collectively, these results provide evidence for promotion of IL-1β production by ECP and offer new insight into the immunostimulatory capacity of ECP.
A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis–Relevant Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Ethyl Pyruvate and Dimethyl Fumarate
Authors: Miljković Djordje , Blaževski Jana , Petković Filip , Djedović Neda , Momčilović Miljana , Stanisavljević Suzana , Jevtić Bojan , Mostarica Stojković Marija , Spasojević Ivan
Published: February 2015

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a new drug for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment, acts against neuroinflammation via mechanisms that are triggered by adduct formation with thiol redox switches. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), an off-the-shelf agent, appears to be a redox analog of DMF, but its immunomodulatory properties have not been put into the context of MS therapy. In this article, we examined and compared the effects of EP and DMF on MS-relevant activity/functions of T cells, macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. EP efficiently suppressed the release of MS signature cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-17, from human PBMCs. Furthermore, the production of these cytokines was notably decreased in encephalitogenic T cells after in vivo application of EP to rats. Production of two other proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF, and NO was suppressed by EP in macrophages and microglia. Reactive oxygen species production in macrophages, microglia activation, and the development of Ag-presenting phenotype in microglia and macrophages were constrained by EP. The release of IL-6 was reduced in astrocytes. Finally, EP inhibited the activation of transcription factor NF-κB in microglia and astrocytes. Most of these effects were also found for DMF, implying that EP and DMF share common targets and mechanisms of action. Importantly, EP had in vivo impact on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Treatment with EP resulted in delay and shortening of the first relapse, and lower clinical scores, whereas the second attack was annihilated. Further studies on the possibility to use EP as an MS therapeutic are warranted.
Cell-Intrinsic Expression of TLR9 in Autoreactive B Cells Constrains BCR/TLR7-Dependent Responses
Authors: Nündel Kerstin , Green Nathaniel M. , Shaffer Arthur L. , Moody Krishna L. , Busto Patricia , Eilat Dan , Miyake Kensuke , Oropallo Michael A. , Cancro Michael P. , Marshak-Rothstein Ann
Published: February 2015

Endosomal TLRs play an important role in systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic erythematosus lupus, in which DNA- and RNA-associated autoantigens activate autoreactive B cells through TLR9- and TLR7-dependent pathways. Nevertheless, TLR9-deficient autoimmune-prone mice develop more severe clinical disease, whereas TLR7-deficient and TLR7/9–double deficient autoimmune-prone mice develop less severe disease. To determine whether the regulatory activity of TLR9 is B cell intrinsic, we directly compared the functional properties of autoantigen-activated wild-type, TLR9-deficient, and TLR7-deficient B cells in an experimental system in which proliferation depends on BCR/TLR coengagement. In vitro, TLR9-deficient cells are less dependent on survival factors for a sustained proliferative response than are either wild-type or TLR7-deficient cells. The TLR9-deficient cells also preferentially differentiate toward the plasma cell lineage, as indicated by expression of CD138, sustained expression of IRF4, and other molecular markers of plasma cells. In vivo, autoantigen-activated TLR9-deficient cells give rise to greater numbers of autoantibody-producing cells. Our results identify distinct roles for TLR7 and TLR9 in the differentiation of autoreactive B cells that explain the capacity of TLR9 to limit, as well as TLR7 to promote, the clinical features of systemic erythematosus lupus.
Bortezomib Inhibits Expression of TGF-β1, IL-10, and CXCR4, Resulting in Decreased Survival and Migration of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Chang Tzu-Pei , Poltoratsky Vladimir , Vancurova Ivana
Published: February 2015

Increased expression of the immunosuppressive cytokines, TGF-β1 and IL-10, is a hallmark of the advanced stages of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), where it has been associated with suppressed immunity, increased susceptibility to infections, and diminished antitumor responses. Yet, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in CTCL, and about their function in regulating the CTCL cell responses. In this article, we show that TGF-β1 and IL-10 expression in CTCL cells is regulated by NF-κB and suppressed by bortezomib (BZ), which has shown promising results in the treatment of CTCL. However, although the TGF-β1 expression is IκBα dependent and is regulated by the canonical pathway, the IL-10 expression is IκBα independent, and its inhibition by BZ is associated with increased promoter recruitment of p52 that characterizes the noncanonical pathway. TGF-β1 suppression decreases CTCL cell viability and increases apoptosis, and adding exogenous TGF-β1 increases viability of BZ-treated CTCL cells, indicating TGF-β1 prosurvival function in CTCL cells. In addition, TGF-β1 suppression increases expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-17 in CTCL cells, suggesting that TGF-β1 also regulates the IL-8 and IL-17 expression. Importantly, our results demonstrate that BZ inhibits expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in CTCL cells, resulting in their decreased migration, and that the CTCL cell migration is mediated by TGF-β1. These findings provide the first insights into the BZ-regulated TGF-β1 and IL-10 expression in CTCL cells, and indicate that TGF-β1 has a key role in regulating CTCL survival, inflammatory gene expression, and migration.
One decade follow up after nucleoplasty in the management of degenerative disc disease causing low back pain and radiculopathy
Authors: Cincu Rafael , Lorente Francisco , Gomez Joaquin , Eiras Jose , Agrawal Amit
Published: February 2015

Objectives: Nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that is developed to treat patients with symptomatic, but contained disc herniations or bulging discs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a decade follow-up of coblation nucleoplasty treatment for protruded lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods: In this retrospective study there a total 50 patients who underwent intradiscal coblation therapy for symptomatic, but contained lumbar degenerative disc disease were included. Relief of low back pain, leg pain and numbness after the operation were assessed by visual analog pain scale (VAS). Function of lower limb and daily living of patients were evaluated by the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and subjective global rating of overall satisfaction were recorded and analyzed. Results: There were 27 male and 23 female with followup mean follow up of 115 months (range 105-130 months) with a mean age was 52 years (range 26-74 years). Analgesic consumption was reduced or stopped in 90% of these cases after 1 year. At 24 months follow up VAS was four points and ODI was 7.2. In three patients, we repeated the cool ablation after 36 months, at L3-4 level in two cases. Ten patients continue to be asymptomatic after 114 months of intervention. There were no complications with the procedure including nerve root injury, discitis or allergic reactions. Conclusions: Nucleoplasty may provide intermittent relief in contained disc herniation without significant complications and minimal morbidity. In accordance with the literature the evidence for intradiscal coablation therapy is moderate in managing chronic discogenic low back pain; nucleoplasty appears to be safe and effective.
Brain metastasis from pancreatic cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Yoshida Yasuhisa
Published: February 2015

A 68-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 1-month history of slowly progressing altered mental status and gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging and abdominal computed tomography revealed advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) with brain and para-aortic lymph node metastases. Gross total resection of the brain metastatic tumor was performed. Although symptoms improved, the patient died 3 months postoperatively. In general, the prognosis for PC patients with brain metastasis is very poor. Surgical resection of brain metastasis may play a very limited role in allowing long-term survival of patients for whom the primary PC is controlled or with particular oncocytic-type tumors.
Primary intracranial malignant melanoma: A rare casewith review of literature
Authors: Suranagi Vijayalaxmi , Maste Praful , Malur Prakash
Published: February 2015

We present a rare case of the primary intracranial melanoma in the right parafalcine frontal region in a 65-year-old male. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a Space occupying lesion in the right parafalcine frontal region with necrosis, vasogenic edema and mass effect. A rather well-defined, dark brown-black tumor was totally removed and histologically diagnosed as malignant melanoma. The patient improved after surgery. In our case, no systemic melanomas were found in close clinical examinations, there was a single nodular tumor attached to the leptomeninges and a favorable outcome was obtained by surgical treatment alone. Primary central nervous system melanomas have rarely been reported, and this case is reported for its rarity.
Cervical intramedullary schwannoma mimicking a glioma
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Nair Bijesh , Chacko Geeta , Mani Sunithi , Joseph Vivek
Published: February 2015

We present a case of a cervical intramedullary schwannoma (IS), which resembled a glioma on radiology. Somatic and root pain, the most common presenting complaints of IS, were lacking in our patient, and the characteristic magnetic resonance finding of an enhancing thickened nerve root in IS, was absent in our case. Preoperative diagnosis of a cervical IS is not always possible. Complete tumor resection is the ideal treatment for IS. Intraoperative frozen section can be a useful for decision making though the tumor-cord plane will ultimately decide if the tumor can be radically excised.
E-learning for neurosurgeons: Getting the most from the new web tools
Authors: Barbosa Pereira Julio , Kubben Pieter , de Albuquerque Lucas , Batalini Felipe , de Carvalho Gervasio , de Sousa Atos
Published: February 2015

As open access resource, the role of Internet has been increasing in our professional life. There are several emergent new tools that can facilitate and make it more efficient to get accurate and reliable information. In this article, we discuss how we can manage to get the most from these new instruments, like blogs, Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, in order to improve clinical practice. With good sense and some caution, these can turn to be of valuable help in our careers.
Spontaneous epidural hematoma of spine associated with clopidogrel: A case study and review of the literature
Authors: Bhat Khalid , Kapoor Sidhart , Watali Yamin , Sharma Jaggatar
Published: February 2015

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is an uncommon neurological emergency which can present with the features ranging from simple back pain with radiculopathy to complete paraplegia or quadriplegia depending on the site and severity of the compression. Spinal hemorrhage associated with anti-platelet drugs is rarely seen. We report a case of SSEH in a 68-year-old hypertensive male who was on a low dose clopidogrel for secondary stroke prophylaxis and presented with bilateral lower limb paralysis, preceeded by severe back bain. A spinal magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed which revealed a posterior epidural hematoma of the thoraco-lumbar spine. To the best of our knowledge, not more than four cases of clopidogrel related spinal epidural hematoma have been reported. Emergent decompressive laminectomy was done within 4 hours of the presentation with excellent clinical outcome. Clinicians should, therefore, consider the remote risk of SSEH in hypertensive patients who are on anti-platelet drugs as early decompressive laminectomy and evacuation of the hematoma minimizes the permanent neurological damage.
Infected epidural hematoma of the lumbar spine associated with invasive pneumococcal disease
Authors: Inamasu Joji , Shizu Naoyuki , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Hirose Yuichi
Published: February 2015

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) and spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) are neurologic emergencies with distinct etiologies and treatment. Despite similarities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), their differentiation is usually possible with meticulous history taking and neurologic examinations. We report an unusual case of SEA that developed from preceding SEH, posing a diagnostic challenge to physicians. A 65-year-old diabetic man suddenly experienced back pain and weakness of both legs when he lifted heavy luggage. He was afebrile, and his laboratory tests were mostly unremarkable. Spinal MRI consisting of T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images revealed an epidural mass over the L2-L4 spinous process. He was diagnosed with SEH based on his symptoms and MRI findings, and was treated conservatively using steroid pulse therapy. Despite initial improvement, he suddenly developed into septic shock and coma on the 10 th hospital day, and died shortly thereafter. An autopsy revealed massive pus accumulation in the lumbar epidural space and brain, and a postmortem diagnosis of infected SEH associated with invasive pneumococcal disease was established. Serial MRI studies, including diffusion-weighted and/or gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images are warranted in patients with a presumed diagnosis of SEH receiving steroid therapy to detect such infectious transformation.
Refractory hypokalemia during barbiturate coma therapy used for treating refractory intracranial hypertension in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wan Hassan Wan Mohd , Najid Nazuha , Muslim Halimatun , Izaini Ghani Abdul
Published: February 2015

Barbiturate coma therapy (BCT) is a choice treatment for refractory intracranial hypertension after all surgical or medical managements have failed to control the intracranial pressure (ICP). It helps to reduce cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption and ICP. However, this therapy can also cause many complications. One of the underreported, but life-threatening complications is refractory hypokalemia, which can lead to subsequent rebound hyperkalemia after sudden cessation. We report our experience of managing unusual complication of refractory hypokalemia during BCT with thiopentone in postdecompressive craniectomy patient.
Rank gradient and cost of Artin groups and their relatives
Authors: Kar Aditi , Nikolov Nikolay
Published: February 2015

We prove that the rank gradient vanishes for mapping class groups of genus greater than

1

,

\mathrm{Aut}(F_n)

for all

n

,

\mathrm{Out}(F_n)

,

n≥3

and any Artin group whose underlying graph is connected. These groups have fixed price

1

. We compute the rank gradient and verify that it is equal to the first

L^2

-Betti number for some classes of Coxeter groups.
Lower semicontinuity for nonautonomous surface integrals
Authors: De Cicco Virginia
Published: February 2015

Some lower semicontinuity results are established for nonautonomous surface integrals depending in a discontinuous way on the spatial variable. The proof of the semicontinuity results is based on some suitable approximations from below with appropriate functionals.
Latent Factor Structure of DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Gentes Emily , Dennis Paul A. , Kimbrel Nathan A. , Kirby Angela C. , Hair Lauren P. , Beckham Jean C. , Calhoun Patrick S.
Published: February 2015

The current study examined the latent factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on DSM-5 criteria in a sample of participants (N = 374) recruited for studies on trauma and health. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to compare the fit of the previous 3-factor DSM-IV model of PTSD to the 4-factor model specified in DSM-5 as well as to a competing 4-factor “dysphoria” model (Simms, Watson, & Doebbeling, 2002) and a 5-factor (Elhai et al., 2011) model of PTSD. Results indicated that the Elhai 5-factor model (re-experiencing, active avoidance, emotional numbing, dysphoric arousal, anxious arousal) provided the best fit to the data, although substantial support was demonstrated for the DSM-5 4-factor model. Low factor loadings were noted for two of the symptoms in the DSM-5 model (psychogenic amnesia and reckless/self-destructive behavior), which raises questions regarding the adequacy of fit of these symptoms with other core features of the disorder. Overall, the findings from the present research suggest the DSM-5 model of PTSD is a significant improvement over the previous DSM-IV model of PTSD.
A Transdiagnostic Temperament-Phenotype Profile Approach to Emotional Disorder Classification: An Update
Authors: Rosellini Anthony J. , Boettcher Hannah , Brown Timothy A. , Barlow David H.
Published: February 2015

Although the emotional disorders (EDs) have achieved favorable reliability in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), accumulating evidence continues to underscore limitations in ED diagnostic validity. In particular, taxometric, comorbidity, and other descriptive psychopathology studies of transdiagnostic phenotypes suggest that the EDs may be best conceptualized as dimensional entities that are more similar than different. Despite optimism that the fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5) would constitute a meaningful shift toward dimensional ED assessment and diagnosis, most changes contribute little movement in that direction. In the present report, we summarize past and anticipate persisting (i.e., in DSM-5) limitations of a purely categorical approach to ED diagnosis. We then review our alternative dimensional-categorical profile approach to ED assessment and classification, including preliminary evidence in support of its validity and presentation of two ED profile case examples using our newly developed Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory. We end by discussing the transdiagnostic treatment implications of our profile approach to ED classification and directions for future research.
Deposition-mode ice nucleation reexamined at temperatures below 200 K
Authors: Thomson E. S. , Kong X. , Papagiannakopoulos P. , Pettersson J. B. C.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. The environmental chamber of a molecular beam apparatus is used to study deposition nucleation of ice on graphite, alcohols and acetic and nitric acids at temperatures between 155 and 200 K. The critical supersaturations necessary to spontaneously nucleate water ice on six different substrate materials are observed to occur at higher supersaturations than are theoretically predicted. This contradictory result motivates more careful examination of the experimental conditions and the underlying basis of the current theories. An analysis based on classical nucleation theory supports the view that at these temperatures nucleation is primarily controlled by the rarification of the vapor and the strength of water's interaction with the substrate surface. The technique enables a careful probing of the underlying processes of ice nucleation and the substrate materials of study. The findings are relevant to atmospheric nucleation processes that are intrinsically linked to cold cloud formation and lifetime.
A laboratory experiment on the behaviour of soil-derived core and intact polar GDGTs in aquatic environments
Authors: Peterse F. , Moy C. M. , Eglinton T. I.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We have performed incubation experiments in order to examine the behaviour of soil-derived branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) membrane lipids upon entering an aquatic environment and to evaluate the processes that potentially take place during their fluvial transport from land to sea. We incubated a soil from the Rakaia River catchment on the South Island of New Zealand using Rakaia River water and ocean water collected near the river mouth as inocula for a period of up to 152 days. The concentrations, as well as the relative distribution of brGDGTs derived from intact polar ("living"; IPL) lipids and core ("fossil"; CL) lipids remained unaltered over the course of the experiment. Although the stability of the brGDGTs may be a consequence of the higher than natural soil : water ratio used in the laboratory experiment, the substantial increase (27–72%) in the total pool of isoprenoid GDGTs (isoGDGTs) in all incubation setups, including the control using distilled water, indicates that entering an aquatic environment does influence the behaviour of soil-derived GDGTs. However, the availability of water appears to be more important than its properties. As a consequence of increasing isoGDGT concentrations, a decrease in Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index values – a proxy for the relative input of fluvially discharged soil material into a marine system – became evident after an incubation period of 30 days, with a maximum final decrease of 0.88 to 0.74 in the experiment with river water. The relative distribution within the isoGDGT pool shows changes with time, suggesting that isoGDGT producers may either have different rates of membrane adaptation or production/degradation, or that preferential release from the soil matrix or a shift in source organism(s) may take place. While the apparent stability of soil brGDGTs during this incubation experiment reinforces their potential as tracers for land–sea transport of soil organic carbon and their use in paleoclimate reconstructions, the distributional differences between GDGTs in river water and nearby soil, as well as in river and ocean water, indicate that further research is needed to pinpoint the sources of GDGTs that are ultimately discharged to the oceans and are subsequently archived in continental margin sediments.
PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies
Authors: Aumont O. , Ethé C. , Tagliabue A. , Bopp L. , Gehlen M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. PISCES-v2 is a biogeochemical model which simulates the lower trophic levels of marine ecosystem (phytoplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and of the main nutrients (P, N, Fe, and Si). The model is intended to be used for both regional and global configurations at high or low spatial resolutions as well as for short-term (seasonal, interannual) and long-term (climate change, paleoceanography) analyses. There are twenty-four prognostic variables (tracers) including two phytoplankton compartments (diatoms and nanophytoplankton), two zooplankton size-classes (microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and a description of the carbonate chemistry. Formulations in PISCES-v2 are based on a mixed Monod–Quota formalism: on one hand, stoichiometry of C/N/P is fixed and growth rate of phytoplankton is limited by the external availability in N, P and Si. On the other hand, the iron and silicium quotas are variable and growth rate of phytoplankton is limited by the internal availability in Fe. Various parameterizations can be activated in PISCES-v2, setting for instance the complexity of iron chemistry or the description of particulate organic materials. So far, PISCES-v2 has been coupled to the NEMO and ROMS systems. A full description of PISCES-v2 and of its optional functionalities is provided here. The results of a quasi-steady state simulation are presented and evaluated against diverse observational and satellite-derived data. Finally, some of the new functionalities of PISCES-v2 are tested in a series of sensitivity experiments.
From days to decades: numerical modelling of freshwater lens response to climate change stressors on small low-lying islands
Authors: Holding S. , Allen D. M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Freshwater lenses on small islands are vulnerable to many climate change-related stressors, which can act over relatively long time periods, on the order of decades (e.g., sea level rise, changes in recharge), or short time periods, such as days (storm surge overwash). This study evaluates the response of the freshwater lens on a small low-lying island to various stressors. To account for the varying temporal and spatial scales of the stressors, two different density-dependent flow and solute transport codes are used: SEAWAT (saturated) and HydroGeoSphere (unsaturated/saturated). The study site is Andros Island in the Bahamas, which is characteristic of other low-lying carbonate islands in the Caribbean and Pacific regions. In addition to projected sea level rise and reduced recharge under future climate change, Andros Island experienced a storm surge overwash event during Hurricane Francis in 2004, which contaminated the main wellfield. Simulations of reduced recharge result in a greater loss of freshwater lens volume (up to 19%), while sea level rise contributes a lower volume loss (up to 5%) due to the flux-controlled conceptualization of Andros Island, which limits the impact of sea level rise. Reduced recharge and sea level rise were simulated as incremental instantaneous shifts. The lens responds relatively quickly to these stressors, within 0.5 to 3 years, with response time increasing as the magnitude of the stressor increases. Simulations of the storm surge overwash indicate that the freshwater lens recovers over time; however, prompt remedial action can restore the lens to potable concentrations up to 1 month sooner.
Variations of the crustal thickness in Nepal Himalayas based on tomographic inversion of regional earthquake data
Authors: Koulakov I. , Maksotova G. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Raoof J. , Kayal J. R. , Jakovlev A. , Vasilevsky A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We estimate variations of the crustal thickness beneath the Nepal Himalayas based on tomographic inversion of regional earthquake data. We have obtained a low-velocity anomaly in the upper part of the model down to depths of 40 to 80 km and proposed that the lower limit of this anomaly represents variations of the Moho depth. This statement was supported by results of synthetic modeling. The obtained variations of crustal thickness match fairly well with the free-air gravity anomalies: thinner crust patterns correspond to lower gravity values and vice versa. There is also some correlation with magnetic field: higher magnetic values correspond to the major areas of thicker crust. We propose that elevated magnetic values can be associated with more rigid segments of the incoming Indian crust which cause more compression in the thrust zone and lead to stronger crustal thickening.
Características de los usuarios del Centro de Recursos para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación de la Universidad de Cienfuegos
Authors: Pérez Borges Aylén , Suárez Alfonso Amarilys
Published: February 2015

Objetivo: Caracterizar a los usuarios del Centro de Recursos para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación (CRAI) de la Universidad de Cienfuegos “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez”. Método: Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico de los términos relacionados con el estudio, un análisis de la metodología AMIGA, así como de las estadísticas que brinda el sistema automatizado de préstamos de esta biblioteca universitaria sobre los usuarios que más visitan el centro. Resultados: Se identificaron diversos grupos de usuarios a nivel de estudiantes, profesores, facultades, centros universitarios municipales, y centros de estudios; a la vez que dos grupos centrales: usuarios reales y potenciales. Conclusiones: Se conocieron algunas de las características de los usuarios del CRAI, partiendo de los grupos identificados por el centro, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como sus niveles educacionales e intereses. Se considera que un estudio más detallado puede quedar abierto para cumplimentar este objetivo a un nivel mayormente exhaustivo.
Influence of a New Software Version of the RTVue-100 Optical Coherence Tomograph on the Detection of Glaucomatous Structural Progression
Authors: Holló Gábor , Naghizadeh Farzaneh
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To compare the current (6.3) and a novel software version (6.12) of the RTVue-100 optical coherence tomograph (RTVue-OCT) for detection of glaucomatous inner macular retinal thickness (ganglion cell complex [GCC]) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) progression.

Methods

In this prospective, observational study, 109 participants (17 healthy controls, 20 patients with ocular hypertension, and 72 patients with glaucoma) were investigated with RTVue-OCT at 6-month intervals (mean follow-up 5 years). One eye per participant was evaluated.

Results

Long-term measurement variability (residual standard deviation) was significantly lower with software version 6.12 than version 6.3 for all parameters in the total population, the normal controls, and the glaucoma group, respectively (p≤0.0065). The between-software-version difference of residual standard deviation did not correlate with the measured thickness for any parameter. In the glaucoma group, the negative GCC slopes (urn/visit) were significantly (p<0.001) steeper, while the negative RNFLT slopes were either similar or less steep with software version 6.12. Significantly more significant negative GCC parameter slopes were found in the glaucoma group and the total population with version 6.12, while no between-software-version difference was seen for the other groups, and for the RNFLT parameters in all groups.

Conclusions

The new software version reduces long-term RNFLT and GCC measurement variability, provides steeper GCC progression slopes, and provides more cases of significant GCC progression slopes in glaucoma than the current software version. Since version 6.12 is employed in the recently introduced Widefield RTVue-XR instrument, it may improve detection of glaucomatous progression in clinical practice.
Oxidation-specific epitopes are major targets of innate immunity in atherothrombosis
Authors: Gritti Barbara Bartolini , Binder Christoph
Published: February 2015

Atherosklerose ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung der Gefäßwände, die durch das Zusammenspiel von Dyslipidämie und vermehrtem oxidativen Stress verursacht wird. Die damit verbundene Lipidperoxidation führt zu einer Reihe von Abbauprodukten von Membranlipiden, sogenannten oxidations-spezifischen Epitopen (OSE). OSE finden sich in oxidierten Lipoproteinen und auf der Oberfläche absterbender Zellen, und ihre Fähigkeit inflammatorische und thrombogene Reaktionen auszulösen ist weithin bekannt. Jüngste Studien konnten zeigen, daß OSE spezifische Zielstrukturen für eine Reihe von zellulären und humoralen Rezeptoren des angeborenen Immunsystems darstellen. Dadurch kann das Immunsystem, metabolische Abbaubprodukte erkennen und wichtige physiologische “Haushaltsfunktionen” vermitteln, z.B. durch die kontrollierte Entsorgung abgestorbener Zellen und oxidierten Moleküle. So wurde gezeigt, daß natürliche IgM Antikörper mit Spezifität für OSE Mäuse vor der Entstehung atherosklerotischer Läsionen schützen. So können spezifische natürliche IgM Antikörper die pro-inflammatorischen und pro-thrombotischen Effekte von OSE neutralisieren, währenddessen niedrige Plasmaspiegel OSE-spezifischer IgM Antikörper mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Myokardinfarkt assoziiert sind. Schlussfolgerung: Das Verständnis der molekularen Komponenten und Mechanismen, die an diesem Prozess beteiligt sind, werden in Zukunft dazu beitragen, Personen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Atherothrombose besser zu identifizieren und möglicherweise neue therapeutische Ansatzpunkte zu definieren.
Une approche dialectique de la ville en train de se faire : confrontation des représentations des concepteurs et des habitants de l’écoquartier de Bottière-Chénaie
Authors: Adam Matthieu , Laffont Georges-Henry
Published: February 2015

Cet article entend participer à une démarche de caractérisation de la production de la ville en ce début de XXIe siècle. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur une modélisation du projet urbain en phase de réalisation comme un dispositif de médiation entre ces les représentations de ses concepteurs et ses récepteurs (les habitants). Nous souhaitons comprendre comment elles se construisent et s’influencent mutuellement afin d’appréhender pourquoi elles ne se rejoignent pas.

Cette approche dialectique met en exergue la pluralité de sens qui peuvent être accordés aux propriétés matérielles et symboliques d’un territoire. Par l’analyse des représentations des concepteurs et des habitants de l’écoquartier de Bottière-Chénaie à Nantes, nous montrerons les relations qui existent entre celles-ci et la nécessité de dépasser la vision simplificatrice d’un processus linéaire du projet – conception, réalisation, réception – et qu’il faut intégrer dans le champ de la recherche urbaine des modèles intégrant les influences des effets sur les causes.
Le territoire, un système socio-patrimonial décrypté par le modèle de l’Acteur en 4 Dimensions
Authors: Sébastien Léa
Published: February 2015

Le territoire, entité relationnelle complexe, met en avant la dualité homme-nature en mêlant morphologie de l’espace et subjectivité du regard passé, présent et futur. Une notion polysémique donc, qui pour certains auteurs ne fait plus sens. Plutôt que d’abandonner la notion de territoire, nous proposons au contraire d’accepter la mouvance du concept et d’approfondir l’analyse de cette complexité territoriale. Pour ce faire, cet article expose deux thèses complémentaires. D’un point de vue théorique, nous positionnons le territoire en tant que système socio-patrimonial, fruit des relations sociales et des relations au patrimoine (naturel et culturel). Le territoire serait alors un noeud interactionnel entre ce que nous appelons rapport social et rapport patrimonial. D’un point de vue pratique, nous proposons d’opérationnaliser cette définition au-travers d’un modèle de diagnostic territorial intitulé l’Acteur en 4 Dimensions (A4D) qui vise l’analyse du jeu d‘acteurs par l’étude des liens entre humains et liens au non humain. L’A4D permet de constituer ce que nous nommons des empreintes territoriales propres à chaque acteur, une radiographie synchronique des liens sociaux et patrimoniaux sur un territoire. Ce modèle conceptuel d’analyse est vecteur d’informations sur le jeu d‘acteurs et de dialogue entre parties intéressées. Il s’adresse alors aux chercheurs, porteurs de projets, médiateurs ainsi qu’aux acteurs territoriaux eux-mêmes. Nos résultats montrent que l’étude des liens sociaux ne peut se faire indépendamment du contexte dans lesquels ils sont ancrés et inversement, que les liens homme-nature existent par le biais de relations sociales. Des objets qui font du lien ; des liens qui font des objets : une problématique à approfondir pour décrypter ce qu’est le territoire au-travers d’une analyse sur les attaches entre nature et culture.
Impact of hindcast length on estimates of seasonal climate predictability
Authors: Shi W. , Schaller N. , MacLeod D. , Palmer T. N. , Weisheimer A.
Published: February 2015

It has recently been argued that single‐model seasonal forecast ensembles are overdispersive, implying that the real world is more predictable than indicated by estimates of so‐called perfect model predictability, particularly over the North Atlantic. However, such estimates are based on relatively short forecast data sets comprising just 20 years of seasonal predictions. Here we study longer 40 year seasonal forecast data sets from multimodel seasonal forecast ensemble projects and show that sampling uncertainty due to the length of the hindcast periods is large. The skill of forecasting the North Atlantic Oscillation during winter varies within the 40 year data sets with high levels of skill found for some subperiods. It is demonstrated that while 20 year estimates of seasonal reliability can show evidence of overdispersive behavior, the 40 year estimates are more stable and show no evidence of overdispersion. Instead, the predominant feature on these longer time scales is underdispersion, particularly in the tropics.
Solar illumination control of ionospheric outflow above polar cap arcs
Authors: Maes L. , Maggiolo R. , De Keyser J. , Dandouras I. , Fear R. C. , Fontaine D. , Haaland S.
Published: February 2015

We measure the flux density, composition, and energy of outflowing ions above the polar cap, accelerated by quasi‐static electric fields parallel to the magnetic field and associated with polar cap arcs, using Cluster. Mapping the spacecraft position to its ionospheric foot point, we analyze the dependence of these parameters on the solar zenith angle (SZA). We find a clear transition at SZA between ∼94° and ∼107°, with the O+ flux higher above the sunlit ionosphere. This dependence on the illumination of the local ionosphere indicates that significant O+ upflow occurs locally above the polar ionosphere. The same is found for H+, but to a lesser extent. This effect can result in a seasonal variation of the total ion upflow from the polar ionosphere. Furthermore, we show that low‐magnitude field‐aligned potential drops are preferentially observed above the sunlit ionosphere, suggesting a feedback effect of ionospheric conductivity.