bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal routing in VANET using improved meta‐heuristic approach: a variant of Jaya
Authors: Santhosh Gnanasekar Tony , Samiappan Dhandapani
Published: June 2020

VANETs are so‐called vehicular ad hoc networks, they enable cost‐effective, scalable solutions, and hence, they can be applicable in entertainment and transportation platforms with the assistance of multi‐hop wireless communications from vehicle‐to‐vehicle. Conversely, in VANET circumstance, the multi‐hop communication development is still a challenging one because of the quick change in topology and regular disconnection of a network. This directs to inefficiency or routing failure in existing mobile ad hoc routing protocols. To resolve routing issues, the number of research studies is going on to attain the multi‐constrained Quality of Service (QoS) metrics in VANET. This study intends to propose a cost model as the solution for vehicle routing problem by considering the network quality metrics, including congestion, travel, collision, and QoS awareness cost. Fuzzification of the QoS factor is also included in this entire routing cost. Further, the primary objective of this work focuses on the minimisation of the routing cost model by finding the optimal route. To find an optimal route, this study introduces a new algorithm, namely Mean Computing Jaya Algorithm. At last, the performance of the proposed model is compared with existing work in the literature in terms of cost analysis and convergence analysis, and proves the betterment of the proposed model with reduced routing cost.
PTP‐based time synchronisation of smart meter data for state estimation in power distribution networks
Authors: Ahmad Khan Maman , Hayes Barry
Published: June 2020

This paper develops a novel approach for distribution system monitoring and state estimation, where time synchronisation of smart‐meter measurements is carried out via the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). The approach is based on the concept of a Modified Smart Meter (MSM), a distribution system monitoring instrument that enables accurate time synchronisation of smart meter data. The design, application, communication technique and protocols of the MSM are described in detail. The proposed MSM device features PTP‐based time synchronisation of smart meter measurements, and the concept of unbundling is applied to collect measurements utilising the existing smart meter sensors. This is expected to reduce the overall implementation cost of an MSM‐based distribution network monitoring system compared to a system based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The problem of requiring open sky access for GPS links can potentially be solved by means of PTP synchronisation. Three‐phase state estimation simulations using the IEEE‐13 and 123 bus unbalanced test networks are employed to demonstrate the applicability of the MSM, and its performance is compared to standard PMU devices. The results indicate that the MSM may represent a workable monitoring solution for MV and LV distribution networks, with an acceptable trade‐off between cost and performance.
From spirals to lenticulars: Evidence from the rotation curves and mass models of three early-type galaxies
Authors: Shelest A. , Lelli F.
Published: June 2020

Rotation curves have traditionally been difficult to trace for early-type galaxies (ETGs) because they often lack a high-density disk of cold gas as in late-type galaxies (LTGs). In this work, we derive rotation curves for three lenticular galaxies from the ATLAS3Dsurvey, combining CO data in the inner parts with deep HI data in the outer regions, extending out to 10−20 effective radii. We also useSpitzerphotometry at 3.6μm to decompose the rotation curves into the contributions of baryons and dark matter (DM). We find that (1) the rotation-curve shapes of these ETGs are similar to those of LTGs of a similar mass and surface brightness; (2) the dynamically-inferred stellar mass-to-light ratios are small for quiescent ETGs but similar to those of star-forming LTGs; (3) the DM halos follow the same scaling relations with galaxy luminosity as those of LTGs; and (4) one galaxy (NGC 3626) is poorly fit by cuspy DM profiles, suggesting that DM cores may exist in high-mass galaxies too. Our results indicate that these lenticular galaxies have recently transitioned from LTGs to ETGs without altering their DM halo structure (e.g., via a major merger), and they could be faded spirals. We also confirm that ETGs follow the same radial acceleration relation as LTGs, reinforcing the notion that this is a universal law for all galaxy types.
The stellar halos of ETGs in the IllustrisTNG simulations: The photometric and kinematic diversity of galaxies at large radii
Authors: Pulsoni C. , Gerhard O. , Arnaboldi M. , Pillepich A. , Nelson D. , Hernquist L. , Springel V.
Published: June 2020

Context. Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are found to follow a wide variety of merger and accretion histories in cosmological simulations.

Aims. We characterize the photometric and kinematic properties of simulated ETG stellar halos, and compare them to the observations.

Methods. We selected a sample of 1114 ETGs in the TNG100 simulation and 80 in the higher-resolution TNG50. These ETGs span a stellar mass range of 1010.3 − 1012 M⊙ and they were selected within the range of g − r colour and λ-ellipticity diagram populated by observed ETGs. We determined photometric parameters, intrinsic shapes, and kinematic observables in their extended stellar halos. We compared the results with central IFU kinematics and ePN.S planetary nebula velocity fields at large radii, studying the variation in kinematics from center to halo, and connecting it to a change in the intrinsic shape of the galaxies.

Results. We find that the simulated galaxy sample reproduces the diversity of kinematic properties observed in ETG halos. Simulated fast rotators (FRs) divide almost evenly in one third having flat λ profiles and high halo rotational support, a third with gently decreasing profiles, and another third with low halo rotation. However, the peak of rotation occurs at larger R than in observed ETG samples. Slow rotators (SRs) tend to have increased rotation in the outskirts, with half of them exceeding λ = 0.2. For M* >  1011.5 M⊙ halo rotation is unimportant. A similar variety of properties is found for the stellar halo intrinsic shapes. Rotational support and shape are deeply related: the kinematic transition to lower rotational support is accompanied by a change towards rounder intrinsic shape. Triaxiality in the halos of FRs increases outwards and with stellar mass. Simulated SRs have relatively constant triaxiality profiles.

Conclusions. Simulated stellar halos show a large variety of structural properties, with quantitative but no clear qualitative differences between FRs and SRs. At the same stellar mass, stellar halo properties show a more gradual transition and significant overlap between the two families, despite the clear bimodality in the central regions. This is in agreement with observations of extended photometry and kinematics.
The age of the Milky Way inner stellar spheroid from RR Lyrae population synthesis
Authors: Savino A. , Koch A. , Prudil Z. , Kunder A. , Smolec R.
Published: June 2020

The central kiloparsecs of the Milky Way are known to host an old, spheroidal stellar population, whose spatial and kinematical properties set it apart from the boxy-peanut structure that constitutes most of the central stellar mass. The nature of this spheroidal population, whether it is a small classical bulge, the innermost stellar halo, or a population of disk stars with large initial velocity dispersion, remains unclear. This structure is also a promising candidate to play host to some of the oldest stars in the Galaxy. Here we address the topic of the inner stellar spheroid age, using spectroscopic and photometric metallicities for a sample of 935 RR Lyrae stars that are constituents of this component. By means of stellar population synthesis, we derive an age-metallicity relation for RR Lyrae populations. We infer, for the RR Lyrae stars in the bulge spheroid, an extremely ancient age of 13.41 ± 0.54 Gyr and conclude they were among the first stars to form in what is now the Milky Way galaxy. Our age estimate for the central spheroid shows a remarkable agreement with the age profile that has been inferred for the Milky Way stellar halo, suggesting a connection between the two structures. However, we find mild evidence for a transition in the halo properties atrGC ∼ 5 kpc. We also investigate formation scenarios for metal-rich RR Lyrae stars, such as binarity and helium variations, and consider whether they can provide alternative explanations for the properties of our sample. We conclude that within our framework, the only viable alternative is to have younger, slightly helium-rich, RR Lyrae stars. This is a hypothesis that would open intriguing questions for the formation of the inner stellar spheroid.
Compactage Horizontal Statique : retours d’expérience
Authors: Lambert Serge
Published: June 2020

Le procédé de Compactage Horizontal Statique, mis en œuvre pour la première fois aux États-Unis dans les années 1950 par les ingénieurs d’Hayward Baker Inc. (Groupe KELLER), a été développé considérablement par la suite, de telle sorte que depuis le début des années 1990, il trouve également une diffusion croissante en Europe (Warner J. 1982. “Compaction grouting-the first thirty years”. Gr Geotech Eng, ASCE, 1982: P694–707). Alors qu’à l’origine, les applications du procédé étaient limitées à la consolidation sous les fondations d’ouvrages susceptibles de subir des tassements, il en existe maintenant beaucoup d’autres. Aujourd’hui, les domaines d’application du Compactage Horizontal Statique sont multiples : amélioration et renforcement de sol pour des ouvrages neufs ou des reprises en sous-œuvre mais également pour des traitements de vides karstiques. Un exemple de chantier vient illustrer une application de ce procédé sous des éoliennes en mettant en évidence les avantages de ce procédé dans un contexte géotechnique difficile de zones décomprimées et de vides dans la craie jusqu’à des profondeurs de 20 à 45 m. Il a également été associé à un autre procédé de renforcement de sol par inclusions rigides pour traiter les sols superficiels. La détection et la délimitation des zones d’anomalies par des sondages destructifs avec enregistrements de paramètres n’ont pas été possibles en phase projet et ont été très compliquées en phase travaux pour garder un délai d’exécution court. Le retour d’expérience de cette opération montre que dans un tel contexte, il y a lieu de prévoir plusieurs mailles : une maille primaire lâche sur l’ensemble de l’emprise de l’ouvrage de manière à délimiter grossièrement les zones à injecter, et une maille secondaire voire tertiaire en intermaille, pour circonscrire précisément la zone d’anomalies.
CONFIDENCE dissemination meeting: Summary on the scenario-based workshop
Authors: Duranova T. , Bedwell P. , Beresford N.A. , Bleher M. , Gering F. , Geertsema G. , Hamburger T. , Kaiser J.C. , Korsakissok I. , Leadbetter S.J. , Montero M. , Müller T. , Oughton D. , Perko T. , Raskob W. , Tomas J. , Turcanu C. , de Vries H. , Walsh L. , Woda C.
Published: June 2020

The CONFIDENCE dissemination workshop “Coping with uncertainties for improved modelling and decision making in nuclear emergencies” was held in December 2–5, 2019 (Bratislava, Slovak Republic). About 90 scientists and decision makers attended the workshop. The dissemination workshop allowed the presentation of the CONFIDENCE project results, demonstration of the applicability of the developed methods and tools in interactive discussion sessions and the collection of feedback from the participants. The results were disseminated not only in the form of presentations and posters but also through interactive workshops where all participants were involved in round table working groups. A fictive accidental release scenario taking place at a nuclear power plant was developed and used by each work package in the workshop to provide the basis for interactive sessions and discussions.
Ranking uncertainties in atmospheric dispersion modelling following the accidental release of radioactive material
Authors: Leadbetter S.J. , Andronopoulos S. , Bedwell P. , Chevalier-Jabet K. , Geertsema G. , Gering F. , Hamburger T. , Jones A.R. , Klein H. , Korsakissok I. , Mathieu A. , Pázmándi T. , Périllat R. , Rudas Cs. , Sogachev A. , Szántó P. , Tomas J.M. , Twenhöfel C. , de Vries H. , Wellings J.
Published: June 2020

During the pre-release and early phase of an accidental release of radionuclides into the atmosphere there are few or no measurements, and dispersion models are used to assess the consequences and assist in determining appropriate countermeasures. However, uncertainties are high during this early phase and it is important to characterise these uncertainties and, if possible, include them in any dispersion modelling. In this paper we examine three sources of uncertainty in dispersion modelling; uncertainty in the source term, uncertainty in the meteorological information used to drive the dispersion model and intrinsic uncertainty within the dispersion model. We also explore the possibility of ranking these uncertainties dependent on their impact on the dispersion model outputs.
Uncertainty propagation from ensemble dispersion simulations through a terrestrial food chain and dose model
Authors: Hamburger T. , Gering F. , Yevdin Y. , Schantz S. , Geertsema G. , de Vries H.
Published: June 2020

In the framework of the European project CONFIDENCE, Work Package 1 (WP1) focused on the uncertainties in the pre- and early phase of a radiological emergency. One subtask was to analyse the propagation of uncertainties from ensemble dispersion simulations through a terrestrial food chain and dose model. Uncertainties that may occur in the modelling of radioactivity in the food chain were added to previously defined meteorological and source term uncertainties. Endpoints of the ensemble calculations within the food chain model included activity concentrations in the food chain, i.e. feedstuffs and foodstuffs, as well as the internal dose through ingestion. This paper describes the uncertainty propagation through a terrestrial food chain and dose model and presents some illustrations of the results.
Imperfect production supply chain model considering price-sensitive demand and quantity discounts under free distribution approach
Authors: Selvaraj Hemapriya , Ramasamy Uthayakumar
Published: June 2020

During production process, we may experience with some imperfect things disregarding every single precautionary measures. The imperfect things are each of two dismissed promptly at the season of production or reworked and sold as great ones or customers are given plenty discount to keep up the generosity of the organization. This article considers about this practical circumstances and includes price-sensitive demand. As production propels, we have defective items as a part of result. The customer’s demand is pretended to be price-sensitive dependent to increment the quantity of offers, and the vendor offers a quantity discount to persuade the buyer to purchase more amounts. Here, the lead time demand follows a free distribution. Therefore, the integrated model is used to find the optimizing values for the total number of shipments, order quantity, safety factor and retail price. An efficient iterative algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal solution of the model numerically and sensitivity analysis table formulate to show the impact of different parameter.
Eine Abstimmung mit den Füßen gegen die
Spezialisierung in der Inneren Medizin? – Zur Attraktivität der
internistischen Fachrichtungen im Verlauf der ärztlichen
Weiterbildung
Authors: Selch Susan , Boczor Sigrid , Meyer Juliane , Kocalevent Rüya , Scherer Martin , van den Bussche Hendrik
Published: June 2020

Ziel Es werden die Ergebnisse der KarMed-Studie für die
Fachdisziplinen der Inneren Medizin nach 6-jähriger Weiterbildung
dargestellt. Untersucht wurde, wie viele Ärztinnen und Ärzte die
Innere Medizin für ihre Weiterbildung auswählten und wie sich
dieses Sample über die weiteren 6 Untersuchungsjahre entwickelte. Zudem
wurde geprüft, ob die Weiterbildung mit sich verändernden
Präferenzen bezüglich des künftigen Versorgungssektors
und der Arbeitszeit einhergeht und wie sich Innere Medizin mit und ohne
Schwerpunkt unterscheiden. Einen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet die
geschlechtsspezifische Betrachtung.

Methodik Die KarMed-Studie basiert auf den jährlichen
postalischen Befragungen einer Kohorte von PJ-Studierenden des Jahrgangs
2008/09 (n=1012), die gegen Ende des Studiums und bis 6 Jahre
danach während der Weiterbildung befragt wurde. Es wurden eine
explorative Datenanalyse mit deskriptiven statistischen Methoden und logistische
Regressionen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Innere Medizin eine gefragte
medizinische Fachrichtung ist. Allerdings verschiebt sich im Verlauf der 6
Weiterbildungsjahre die Attraktivität von den Schwerpunktdisziplinen zur
Inneren Medizin ohne Schwerpunkt, v. a. bei den Ärzten. Die
Attraktivität der Inneren Medizin ohne Schwerpunkt ist –
unabhängig von dieser zeitlichen Entwicklung – v. a. bei
Ärztinnen gegeben, die nach der fachärztlichen Anerkennung in
Teilzeit arbeiten möchten.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Innere Medizin in Deutschland ist nach wie vor die
am meisten gewählte fachärztliche Richtung. Zugleich sinkt der
Anteil der zukünftigen Internistinnen und Internisten, der nach der
fachärztlichen Anerkennung im Krankenhaus arbeiten möchte. Dies
gilt es bei der Personalplanung in den Krankenhäusern zu beachten und
hier auch die abnehmende Attraktivität der Spezialdisziplinen in dieser
Fachrichtung zu berücksichtigen.
Update Mammakarzinom 2020 Teil 1 – frühes Mammakarzinom: Konsolidierung des Wissens über bekannte Therapien
Authors: Schneeweiss Andreas , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Huober Jens , Thill Marc , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Pöschke Patrik , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian
Published: June 2020

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die neuesten Entwicklungen in der Prävention und in der Behandlung des frühen Mammakarzinoms dargestellt. Mit großen epidemiologischen Studien zu genetischen und nicht genetischen Risikofaktoren wird das Brustkrebsrisiko immer besser beschreibbar. Durch neue Analysen konnte sowohl die Evidenz für hoch penetrante Gene als auch für niedrig penetrante Gene verbessert werden. Neue Daten zu Denosumab und Atezolizumab liegen in der Neoadjuvanz vor, genauso wie eine gepoolte Auswertung zahlreicher Studien zu Capecitabin in der kurativen Situation. Ebenso gibt es eine Aktualisierung der Gesamtüberlebensdaten von Pertuzumab in der Adjuvanz mit einer längeren Nachbeobachtungszeit. Letztlich hält die digitale Medizin stetigen Einzug in die Wissenschaft. Eine kürzlich durchgeführte Studie zur automatisierten Brustkrebserkennung mittels künstlicher Intelligenz schafft die Grundlagen für eine künftige Überprüfung in klinischen Studien.
Heilsame Veränderungen durch Achtsamkeit
Authors: Ennenbach M.
Published: June 2020

Achtsamkeitstraining hilft uns, uns bewusster zu erleben und zu steuern – zum Beispiel um in stressigen Situationen den Geist zu beruhigen und nicht im Tunnelblick zu verharren
Das Menschenbild in systemischer Sicht – der Mensch in der Vernetzung
Authors: Gleditsch Jochen
Published: June 2020

Es fehlt an einem allgemein verbindlichen Menschenbild. Es existieren allerdings transkulturell Modelle mit aufschlussreichen Analogien. Als grundlegend erweist sich das System der 4 Grundfunktionen der Psyche nach C.G. Jung. Den Modellen gemeinsam ist das Bild des wesenhaft zwischen Materie und Geist gestellten Menschen. Für den leibbezogenen Wesensbereich bedarf es der würdigen Akzeptanz; für das Bewusstsein der geistigen Öffnung.
Der sensibilisierte Patient in der Schmerztherapie
Authors: Bäumler Petra
Published: June 2020

Eine Gruppe von Patienten mit chronischen schmerzhaften Erkrankungen zeigen besonders viele unterschiedliche Symptome und ausgeprägte sensorische Sensibilisierungzeichen. Dieses Phänomen wird auch als Hypersensitivitätssyndrom beschrieben.

Aus neurophysiologischer lässt sich dies durch komplexe Sensibilisierungsmechanismen auf Ebene des Rückenmarks und des Gehrins erklären. Gleichsam entscheidend ist die seelische Sensibilisierung – psychische Erkrankungen und negative Affekte, wie eine katastrophisierende Haltung, Ängste und eine depressive Stimmungslage.

Intensive Forschungsarbeit hat gezeigt, dass neurophysiologische und psychologische Faktoren eng verwoben und nicht nur Folgen sondern auch Risikofaktoren für chronische schmerzhafte Erkrankungen sind.

In der Therapie sensibilisierter Patienten haben sich Verfahren bewährt, die den zugrunde liegenden neurophysiologischen Veränderungen entgegenwirken und sich gleichzeitig regulierend auf dysfunktionale Kognitionen, Emotionen und Verhaltensmuster auswirken. Dabei kommt der Komplementärmedizin eine große Bedeutung zu.
Prä-, intra- und postoperative Einflussfaktoren funktioneller Einschränkungen nach radikaler Prostatektomie
Authors: Krausewitz Philipp , Ritter Manuel
Published: June 2020

Der Erhalt von Kontinenz und Erektionsfähigkeit ist für die Lebensqualität nach radikaler Prostatektomie von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über präoperative Risikostratifizierung sowie intra- und postoperative Faktoren, die die funktionellen Ergebnisse nach radikaler Prostatektomie maßgeblich beeinflussen.

Alter, präoperativ bestehende Sexualfunktion, Prostatavolumen, Body Mass Index und Komorbiditäten gelten laut Studienlage als valide Prädiktoren der funktionellen Ergebnisse nach einer Prostatektomie. Während die Operationsmethode selbst keinen Einfluss zu haben scheint, wirken sich das intraoperative Vorgehen in Form nervenschonender Techniken und Umfang der Beckenbodenrekonstruktion sowie die Erfahrung des Operateurs signifikant auf die postoperative Potenz und Kontinenz aus. Im Rahmen der Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen werden dem Beckenbodentraining und der PDE-5-Inhibitor-Therapie Schlüsselrollen zur Wiedererlangung der erektilen Funktion und Harnkontrolle zugeschrieben.

Zusammenfassend können zahlreiche Therapiemodifikationen dazu beitragen, funktionelle Ergebnisse und damit auch die Lebensqualität der Patienten nach einer Prostatektomie zu verbessern. Eine sorgfältige präoperative Patientenselektion durch den Urologen sowie der Eingang besserer anatomischer Kenntnisse der nervalen und faszialen periprostatischen Strukturen in das operative Vorgehen sind dabei entscheidende Einflussfaktoren.
Chinesische TCM-Behandlungsempfehlungen zu Covid-19
Authors: Wiebrecht Axel , Zhao-Seiler Nina
Published: June 2020

Mittlerweile ist eine wahre Flut von Behandlungsvorschlägen durch TCM-Experten zur Prävention und Behandlung von Covid-19 im Umlauf, die mehr oder weniger fundiert sind. Viele gründen sich auf traditionelle Erfahrungen der chinesischen Medizin mit Infektionskrankheiten, wie Stärkung der Immunabwehr (weiqi) und die Behandlung von Atemwegsinfekten, insbesondere wenn toxische Hitze (du re) dabei involviert ist. Einige Autoren beziehen sich besonders auf Erfahrungen, die in China innerhalb wiederkehrender Epidemien gesammelt wurden. Einen besonderen Stellenwert haben daher Empfehlungen aus China, die direkt aus der Behandlung von Covid-19 gewonnen wurden. Dabei wurden Erfahrungen von vielen TCM-Ärzten zusammengetragen und ständig weiterentwickelt. Gegenwärtig liegen sie in der 7. „vorläufigen“ Fassung vor, die die Autoren hier vorstellen.
Epikrise einer (a)typischen Covid-19-Erkrankung
Authors: Eckelt Silke
Published: June 2020

Nach durchgemachter SARS-CoV-2-Erkrankung fehlt bis dato ein fachübergreifender Erfahrungsaustausch durch Nachbeobachtung im Rahmen der ambulanten bzw. nachstationären Betreuung Betroffener. Gerade hier werden zudem gehäuft (a)typische Verläufe beobachtet, die Haus- und Fachärzte vor bisher unbeachtete Herausforderung stellen, wie die vorgestellte Epikrise aufzeigt. Gerade der zyklische langwierige Verlauf der Erkrankung mit vielfältigen Symptomen scheint offenbar typisch. Mit zunehmender Anzahl derer, die nach geltenden Kriterien als „genesen“ gelten, sollte sich in der derzeitigen medialen Berichterstattung und Fachpresse der Fokus daher vom akut-medizinischen auf den haus- und fachärztlichen Bereich richten. Denn genau hier werden sich in der Betreuung der Langzeitverläufe mögliche Folgen und insbesondere komplementärtherapeutische Behandlungsoptionen aufzeigen.
The Imaging Performance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Scanners Using the Edinburgh Pipe Phantom to Measure the Resolution Integral – 15 Years of Experience
Authors: Moran Carmel M. , Inglis Scott , McBride Karne , Mcleod Christopher , Pye Stephen D.
Published: June 2020

The grayscale imaging performance of a total of 368 different scanner/transducer combinations from 39 scanner manufacturers measured over a period of 15 years is presented. Performance was measured using the resolution integral, a single figure-of-merit to quantify ultrasound imaging performance. The resolution integral was measured using the Edinburgh Pipe Phantom. Transducers included single element, linear, phased, curvilinear and multi-row arrays. Our results demonstrate that the resolution integral clearly differentiates between transducers with varying levels of performance. Two further parameters were also derived from the resolution integral: characteristic resolution and depth of field. We demonstrate that these two parameters can successfully characterize individual transducer performance and differentiate between transducers designed for different clinical and preclinical applications. In conclusion, the resolution integral is an effective metric to quantify and monitor grayscale imaging performance in clinical practice.
Covid-19 pandemic impact on colonoscopy service and suggestions for managing recovery
Authors: Cadoni Sergio , Ishaq Sauid , Hassan Cesare , Bhandari Pradeep , Neumann Helmut , Kuwai Toshio , Uedo Noriya , Parra-Blanco Adolfo , Mulder Chris J.J. , Binmoeller Kenneth F. , Leung Felix W.
Published: June 2020

Background and aim As the post-peak phase of the epidemic is approaching, there is an urgent need of an action plan to help resume endoscopy activity. To manage the Covid-19 pandemic-imposed backlog of postponed colonoscopy examinations, an efficient approach is needed. The practice of on-demand sedation with benzodiazepines and/or opiates will allow most patients to complete a water-aided examination with minimal or no sedation. Other methods reported to minimize patient discomfort during colonoscopy can be used, in addition to water-aided techniques. Unsedated or minimally sedated patients who do not require recovery or require a shorter one allow rapid turnaround. The practice obviates the need for assistance with deep sedation from anesthesiologists, who may be in short supply. Trainee education in water-aided colonoscopy has been demonstrated to confer benefits. This review provides some insights into the impact of Covid-19 on endoscopy services, challenges ahead, and possible solutions to help recovery of colonoscopy work and training.
Implementation of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) sedation training course in a regular endoscopy unit
Authors: Manno Mauro , Deiana Simona , Gabbani Tommaso , Gazzi Matteo , Pignatti Alessandro , Becchi Enrica , Ottaviani Laura , Vavassori Sara , Sacchi Elis , Hassan Cesare , Soriani Paola
Published: June 2020

Background Several scientific societies have endorsed non-anesthesiologist sedation (NAS) during gastrointestinal endoscopy, considering it a safe procedure when administered by adequately trained personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events after implementation of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) sedation training program.

Methods From January 2017 to August 2018, data from all consecutive endoscopic procedures in adults (≥ 18 years) performed at our endoscopy unit were collected using an electronic reporting system.

Results All staff (physicians and nurses) completed the ESGE-ESGENA sedation course. In total, 12 132 patients underwent endoscopic procedures, 10 755 (88.6 %) of which were performed in a non-anesthesiological setting. Of these, about 20 % used moderate sedation with midazolam + fentanyl and 80 % used deep sedation with additional propofol. No sentinel, 5 (0.05 %) moderate risk, and 18 (0.17 %) minor risk adverse events occurred, all during moderate or deep sedation, and all managed by endoscopy staff without the need for anesthesiologist assistance.

Conclusions After completing the ESGE-ESGENA sedation training program, the rate of adverse events was very low in our institution. The findings support implementation of the program in all digestive endoscopy units and inclusion in the curriculum for physicians and nurses to ensure safe endoscopic procedures.
Incidental Durotomy Following Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Performed with the Modified Wiltse Approach
Authors: Sheinis Dimitri , Sheinis Vadim , Benharroch Daniel , Ohana Nissim
Published: June 2020

Purpose Incidental durotomy is an intraoperative complication that occurs in 3 to 27% of lumbar spine surgeries. It has been reported more commonly following revision spinal procedures.

Study Objectives To investigate the frequency of incidental durotomy while performing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using the modified Wiltse approach. A secondary goal was to compare the incidence of durotomy in patients undergoing primary spine surgery with those undergoing revision surgery.

Methods A group of consecutive patients who had undergone (TLIF) in the last 10 years ending in 2015 were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent TLIF via the modified Wiltse approach that included a central midline skin incision, followed by a paravertebral blunt dissection of the paraspinal muscles to reach the transverse processes. The deep paravertebral dissection was done conservatively, one side at a time. Demographic and clinical data were collected when relevant to the comparison.

Results The study cohort encompassed 257 patients: 200 primary cases and 57 revisions. The frequency of incidental durotomy was equal in both groups: 3.5% each (7/200 and 2/57). All durotomies were repaired primarily. No other immediate or late complications were observed during follow-up.

Conclusion The present study displays a limited incidence of durotomy in the primary interventions and to a lesser degree in the revisions, all of which had used a TLIF performed with the modified Wiltse approach. This procedure probably circumvented the need for further revisions.
Fraturas complexas do sacro com dissociação espinopélvica tratadas cirurgicamente com fixação iliolombar
Authors: Miyamoto Alberto Kazuo , Graells Xavier Soler I , Sebben André Luis , Benato Marcel Luiz , Santoro Pedro Grein Del , Kulcheski Álynson Larocca
Published: June 2020

Objetivo Analisar uma série de casos de fraturas complexas do sacro com dissociação espinopélvica tratados cirurgicamente com fixação iliolombar, e revisar a literatura médica existente.

Métodos Para a análise, foram avaliados retrospectivamente os prontuários médicos de casos operados utilizando a técnica de Schildhauer et al para fixação. O período de acompanhamento foi de pelo menos 12 meses. Os resultados funcionais foram avaliados por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor e do índice de incapacidade de Oswestry, versão 2.0. Os dados foram comparados com os da literatura médica existente.

Resultados Seis casos foram analisados, sendo que quatro evoluíram com incapacidade moderada, um, com incapacidade mínima, e um, com incapacidade grave. Três casos que apresentavam déficit neurológico obtiveram melhora significativa. Apenas um caso evoluiu com complicação tromboembólica pulmonar.

Conclusão A técnica de Schildhauer et al é eficiente para a fixação de fraturas complexas de sacro com dissociação espinopélvica. Os pacientes evoluíram com bons resultados funcionais. A liberação precoce de sustentação de carga demonstrou-se segura com o uso deste tratamento.
Postdeployment Fertility Challenges and Treatment in the Modern Era
Authors: Lentscher Jessica A. , Combs Joshua C. , Walker Karrie , Young Christopher M. , Chason Rebecca
Published: June 2020

Current war-fighting environments have shifted dramatically over the past decade, and with this change, new types of injuries are afflicting American soldiers. Operative Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom have noted an increased use of sophisticated improvised explosive devices by adversaries. Injuries not frequently seen in previous conflict are dismounted complex blast injuries, which involve multiple proximal amputations, pelvic fractures, and extensive perineal wounds. Thus, an unforeseen consequence of the decreased mortality rate after these complex blast injuries is a new wave of U.S. service members facing the challenges of recovering from the catastrophic amputations and genitourinary injuries. New applications of sperm retrieval methods may be used in these specific populations, as they recover and wish to purse family-building goals. Spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and considerations unique to the female soldier are explored in this review of urologic care in wounded veterans.
10.4 Product Class 4: Benzo[b]thiophenes
Authors: Yoshikai N. , Rayner C. M. , Graham M. A.
Published: June 2020

This chapter is a revision of the earlier Science of Synthesis Section 10.4. It describes methods for the synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes and related compounds by ring closure or by modification of existing substituent(s) on the benzo[b]thiophene skeleton. Ring-closure methods typically involve the formation of the five-membered ring starting from benzene derivatives bearing substituents such as halogen, alkenyl, alkynyl, or sulfanyl groups at appropriate positions. Ring closure to form the benzene ring can also be achieved using suitably substituted thiophene derivatives. In particular, a number of new methods involving metal-catalyzed C—C and C—S bond formation that have been developed since the previous review are included. Recent years have also witnessed substantial progress in the methods available to directly introduce new substituents to the 2- and 3-positions of benzo[b]thiophenes through metal-catalyzed C—H bond functionalization, and these are included in this chapter.
21.1.8 Synthesis of Amides by Transamidation and Amidation of Activated Amides and Esters
Authors: Li G. , Szostak M.
Published: June 2020

This chapter provides a summary of the recent advances in direct transamidation and amidation reactions of activated amides and esters via transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free C(acyl) —N and C(acyl) —O bond cleavage as a new disconnection for the synthesis of amide bonds.
40.1.1.4.3 Synthesis of Amines by Rearrangement (Update 2020)
Authors: Ochoa C. I. , Tambar U. K.
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of amines is one of the most important areas of research in organic chemistry due to the prevalence of nitrogen atoms in many functional molecules, including natural products, pharmaceutical drugs, and agrochemicals. The synthesis of amines through rearrangement reactions has been heavily researched and discussed over the past few decades. One of the most comprehensive reviews of this topic was included in Science of Synthesis (Section 40.1.1.4). The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date account of new methods and synthetic developments in amine rearrangement reactions within the last decade. Over this period of time, new chemistry has been developed which was not discussed in any particular section in the original account on this topic. Thus, this chapter serves as a supplementary document to the earlier review but is also a source of new synthetic strategies not discussed previously. The chapter is arranged in two sections: rearrangements from carbon to nitrogen, and rearrangements from nitrogen to carbon.
Real-time modeling technique optimizes power output from wind turbines
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: June 2020

Wind farm parameters can be modified in real time to increase energy production using an evolving model.
Collective excitations and field induced anti-ferroelectric modes in chiral liquid crystal dimer
Authors: Surekha M. , Potukuchi D. M.
Published: June 2020

Collective excitations and field influence are investigated in tilted or orthogonal layered liquid crystal smectic (Sm) phases in a chiral hydrogen bonded (HB) calamitic dimer 10OBA:M*SA:10OBA by low-frequency dielectric spectroscopy. Phase transition temperatures, hysteresis, and phase thermal ranges are determined. The hysteresis in SmC* reveals the storage device suitability. The magnitude of the tilt angle in SmC* infers moderate viewing angle. The growth of primary order parameter tilt angle θ(T) infers long range interaction in SmC*. The growth of ferroelectric (FE) relevant secondary order parameter polarization Ps(T) infers strong layer-over-layer helical coupling of transverse dipole moment μt. Dispersion (loss vs permittivity) in 1D SmC*, 3D orthogonal SmBcryst, and 3D hexagonal tilted SmG crystal phases infers two distinct collective modes, viz., high frequency soft mode (SM) and low frequency Goldstone mode (GM). The dielectric strength of the SM in the SmC* phase confirms the FE Curie–Weiss behavior. The GM persists down to low temperature 3D LC phases. The AF order in SmC* is smeared by high temperature thermal fluctuations. A bias field resolves the GM in SmC* to reveal antiferroelectric (AF) modes. AF order manifested as GM1 and GM2 is explained by distinct Ps helices with different relaxation frequencies fR1 and fR2. GM1 and GM2 in 3D SmBcryst and SmG phases are explained by quenching by crystal field. HB LC dimer with a just shifted chiral center promoted the occurrence of field induced AF modes. AF P-switching in SmC* infers the gray scale mode. Trends of dielectric parameters, relaxation frequency, loss maximum, activation energy, dielectric strength, distribution parameter, etc., are discussed with respect to utility in appliances.
Temperature-induced localized exciton dynamics in mixed lead–tin based CH3NH3Pb1−xSnxI3 perovskite materials
Authors: Islam Md. Sherajul , Dey Biswajit , Rana Md. Masud , Islam A. S. M. Jannatul , Park Jeongwon , Makino Takayuki
Published: June 2020

Of late, tremendous research efforts have been made to obtain Pb-free low-toxicity halide perovskites. In this regard, the Sn-based perovskite is the focus of attention because of its properties being similar to those of Pb. This paper explores the fundamentals of temperature-induced dynamics of localized excitons in mixed Pb–Sn based CH3NH3Pb1−xSnxI3 perovskite materials. A quantitative model using the Monte Carlo simulation of exciton hopping and relaxation is developed to compute the photoluminescence (PL) peak energy, in addition to the PL line-width over a temperature regime of 10 K–300 K. The temperature-induced changes in the bandgap expansion allow the quantitative fit of our calculation to the experimental results. We show that the PL peak energies in CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3Pb1−xSnxI3 are blue shifted due to the fact that the excitons are localized with higher energy localized states with increasing temperatures. It has also been found that the amount of redshift in PL peak energy decreases with an increase in Sn contents while the full width at half maximum increases in increased Sn content perovskite materials. These results give a deep insight into the exciton dynamics in CH3NH3Pb1−xSnxI3, further aimed at efficient applications in optoelectronic devices.
Cladistic analysis of the Brazilian troglobitic harvestmen genus Iandumoema Pinto-da-Rocha (Opiliones : Gonyleptidae) with the description of three new species: a brief exercise over the use of troglomorphisms in cladistic analysis
Authors: de Ázara Ludson Neves , Hara Marcos Ryotara , Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes
Published: June 2020

From an ecological and evolutionary standpoint, troglobitic organisms are of special interest because they have evolved in, and are restricted to, the subterranean environment. Iandumoema Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997 stands out for being the only Brazilian harvestmen genus with more than one troglobitic species, with three species described from caves in Minas Gerais state. Traditionally, testing the monophyly of troglobitic groups is more challenging than testing groups that do not include troglobites. Many of their shared features might be the result of convergence or parallelism imposed by the cave environment, such as the absence of light, limited and infrequent availability of food resources and low population density, among others. In the case of Iandumoema, this becomes even more difficult because the genus is currently included in the species-rich and polyphyletic subfamily Pachylinae. This study tested the monophyly of this troglobitic genus and proposed the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Iandumoema based on cladistic analysis using morphological data. The analysis included all described species of Iandumoema and three new troglobitic species: I. cuca, sp. nov. (type locality: Itacarambi, Gruta da Água do João Ferreira); I. gollum, sp. nov. (type locality: Presidente Juscelino, Lapa D’Água); and I. stygia, sp. nov. (type locality: Montes Claros, Gruta do Cedro). The matrix comprises 79 characters and 28 terminal taxa: six species of Iandumoema; 14 of Pachylinae; six from other Gonyleptidae subfamilies; one species of Cosmetidae; and one of Metasarcidae. The cladistic analysis resulted in one parsimonious tree (339 steps, consistency index = 0.35, retention index = 0.56). Iandumoema is a monophyletic and well supported genus, nestled among Brazilian ‘Pachylinae’. Three new species are described and an identification key and ecological remarks for all six species of the genus Iandumoema is provided.
An enigma no more: an integrated taxonomic revision of Aenigmetopia Malloch reveals novel phylogenetic placement and four new species (Diptera : Sarcophagidae : Miltogramminae)
Authors: Johnston Nikolas P. , Wallman James F. , Szpila Krzysztof , Pape Thomas
Published: June 2020

Aenigmetopia Malloch is the only endemic genus of miltogrammine flesh flies (Diptera:Sarcophagidae) in Australia and, until now it has been known from a single species, A. fergusoni Malloch. This study constitutes the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of Aenigmetopia. Four new species, Aenigmetopia amissa, sp. nov., A. corona, sp. nov., A. kryptos, sp. nov. and A. pagoni, sp. nov., are described through the integration of molecular and morphological data and characters for genus- and species-level diagnoses are given. Aenigmetopia is included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis for the first time and the genus emerges as the sister taxon to Metopia Meigen, in agreement with morphological evidence.
Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca : Gastropoda : Heterobranchia)
Authors: Bazzicalupo Enrico , Crocetta Fabio , Gosliner Terrence M. , Berteaux-Lecellier Véronique , Camacho-García Yolanda E. , Chandran B. K. Sneha , Valdés Ángel
Published: June 2020

The ragged sea hare (Bursatella leachii) and the long-tailed sea hare (Stylocheilus striatus) are two widely distributed species of benthic heterobranch sea slugs. In this paper, integrative taxonomic analyses have been conducted to detect possible cryptic diversity. Our results revealed that both nominal species are actually species complexes, consisting of five genetically distinct taxa. Two of them belong to the genus Bursatella and three to the genus Stylocheilus. The name B. leachii is retained for a widely distributed species, present in the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and parts of the Indo-Pacific region. The name B. ocelligera is resurrected for the other species, restricted to the Indo-Pacific and co-occurring with B. leachii in that area. With the present data, it is not possible to test whether B. leachii and B. ocelligera have evolved allopatrically in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific or sympatrically in the latter. Bursatella leachii has been able to maintain gene flow between the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific Oceans, possibly because of a combined effect of the Agulhas Leakage process and the ability to survive the colder waters of South Africa. On the contrary, the three species of Stylocheilus are allopatric; the name S. striatus is retained for an Indo-Pacific species, while the names S. polyomma and S. rickettsi are resurrected for species inhabiting the Western Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific respectively. Finally, the discovery of a museum specimen mistakenly identified as B. leachii, but bearing a shell in its adult form, led to the resurrection of the genus Phycophila, previously synonymised with Aplysia. Phycophila euchlora, the only species described to date, is distributed in the Central and Western Pacific Ocean.
Baltic amber members of the extant Micrillus–Scymbalium lineage of the Paederinae rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) and their systematic and ecological significance
Authors: Bogri Amalia , Solodovnikov Alexey , Kypke Janina L. , Żyła Dagmara
Published: June 2020

Paederinae, a diverse subfamily of rove beetles (Staphylinidae), is poorly explored with an outdated subtribal and generic classification lacking proper phylogenetic perspective. Therefore, the discovery of two Baltic amber fossil specimens resembling the genera Micrillus and Scymbalium, which are particularly challenging in terms of systematics, called for a thorough analysis to infer their phylogenetic position and their ecological requirements. The fossils were examined with light microscopy supplemented by X-ray micro-computed tomography, and then scored into a Paederinae-specific matrix of 99 morphological characters, along with a broad sample of recent Paederinae and non-paederine outgroups. Morphological phylogenetic analyses were conducted, using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony. The obtained phylogeny confirmed that the genera Scymbalium and Micrillus form a lineage outside Lathrobiina; therefore, both genera are now classified as Lathrobiini incertae sedis pending a more inclusive phylogenetic work on Paederinae. The analysis firmly placed both fossils in that recent lineage, albeit rendering Micrillus paraphyletic with respect to Scymbalium. Without a more extensive analysis based on the revised world fauna, any systematic changes would be premature. Thus, the fossils are described as Micrillus electrus, sp. nov. and Scymbalium phaethoni, sp. nov. in accordance with the current diagnoses of both genera. Given that the recent species of Micrillus and Scymbalium are predominantly thermophilic and mainly confined to dry open landscapes in Africa, southern Eurasia and Australia, the finding of Baltic amber representatives implies the very diverse landscape and the equable (sub)tropical palaeoclimatic conditions of the Eocene amberiferous ‘forest’, the latter being the subject of continued debates.