bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the potential of transfer entropy in turbulent dynamical systems
Authors: Massaro Daniele , Rezaeiravesh Saleh , Schlatter Philipp
Published: December 2023

Information theory (IT) provides tools to estimate causality between events, in various scientific domains. Here, we explore the potential of IT-based causality estimation in turbulent (i.e. chaotic) dynamical systems and investigate the impact of various hyperparameters on the outcomes. The influence of Markovian orders, i.e. the time lags, on the computation of the transfer entropy (TE) has been mostly overlooked in the literature. We show that the history effect remarkably affects the TE estimation, especially for turbulent signals. In a turbulent channel flow, we compare the TE with standard measures such as auto- and cross-correlation, showing that the TE has a dominant direction, i.e. from the walls towards the core of the flow. In addition, we found that, in generic low-order vector auto-regressive models (VAR), the causality time scale is determined from the order of the VAR, rather than the integral time scale. Eventually, we propose a novel application of TE as a sensitivity measure for controlling computational errors in numerical simulations with adaptive mesh refinement. The introduced indicator is fully data-driven, no solution of adjoint equations is required, with an improved convergence to the accurate function of interest. In summary, we demonstrate the potential of TE for turbulence, where other measures may only provide partial information.
Impact of a virtual educational intervention on knowledge and awareness of biomedical waste management among Peruvian dental professionals
Authors: Cayo-Rojas César , Briceño-Vergel Gissela , Córdova-Limaylla Nancy , Huamani-Echaccaya José , Castro-Mena Manuel , Lurita-Córdova Paolo , Bermúdez-Mendoza Judit , Allen-Revoredo Clifford , Torres-Vásquez Jorge , Ladera-Castañeda Marysela
Published: December 2023

Waste from healthcare is a significant global issue, with around 85% of it being common waste and the remaining 15% being hazardous waste that is infectious and toxic. Dentistry uses various materials that create a substantial amount of biomedical waste capable of impacting the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a virtual educational program on the knowledge and awareness of dental material recycling and reuse, as well as biomedical waste management, among dental professionals in Peru. The current study was a longitudinal and quasi-experimental evaluation of 165 dentists from Peru. A validated questionnaire consisting of 30 items was administered at three different intervals (pre-test, immediate post-test, and 14-day post-test). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests to compare scores between categories of each sociodemographic variable, and the Cochrane’s Q and Friedman test was used for related measures comparison. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered. When comparing the percentage of correct responses regarding recycling and reuse of dental materials and biomedical waste management between the pre-test and the immediate post-test, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed for most of the questionnaire items (p < 0.05). At 14 days after the test, those who studied at a private university, unmarried, bachelors, non-specialists, non-teachers and have less than 10 years of professional experience did not did not retain knowledge on biomedical waste management (p < 0.05) or recycling and reusing dental materials (p < 0.05) to a significant extent. There was a significant enhancement in dentists' knowledge and awareness of managing biomedical waste, recycling, and reusing dental materials following the educational intervention. This improvement was observed across all sociodemographic variables considered in the study. However, this knowledge was not retained beyond two weeks for those who studied at a private university, unmarried, bachelor, with no specialty, non-teachers and with less than 10 years of professional experience. Government authorities should encourage oral health professionals to conduct research with educational interventions focused on improving and evaluating the sustainability and environmental impact of dental practices. This will enable professionals to better understand, control and evaluate the consequences of their practical work.
The centrosomal protein 131 participates in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Renaud Clotilde C. N. , Trillet Kilian , Jardine Jane , Merlet Laura , Renoult Ophélie , Laurent—Blond Mélanie , Catinaud Zoé , Pecqueur Claire , Gavard Julie , Bidère Nicolas
Published: December 2023

Centriolar satellites are multiprotein aggregates that orbit the centrosome and govern centrosome homeostasis and primary cilia formation. In contrast to the scaffold PCM1, which nucleates centriolar satellites and has been linked to microtubule dynamics, autophagy, and intracellular trafficking, the functions of its interactant CEP131 beyond ciliogenesis remain unclear. Using a knockout strategy in a non-ciliary T-cell line, we report that, although dispensable for centriolar satellite assembly, CEP131 participates in optimal tubulin glycylation and polyglutamylation, and microtubule regrowth. Our unsupervised label-free proteomic analysis by quantitative mass spectrometry further uncovered mitochondrial and apoptotic signatures. CEP131-deficient cells showed an elongated mitochondrial network. Upon cell death inducers targeting mitochondria, knockout cells displayed delayed cytochrome c release from mitochondria, subsequent caspase activation, and apoptosis. This mitochondrial permeabilization defect was intrinsic, and replicable in vitro with isolated organelles. These findings extend CEP131 functions to life-and-death decisions and propose ways to interfere with mitochondrial apoptosis.
Benthic microbial biogeographic trends in the North Sea are shaped by an interplay of environmental drivers and bottom trawling effort
Authors: Bonthond Guido , Beermann Jan , Gutow Lars , Neumann Andreas , Barboza Francisco Rafael , Desiderato Andrea , Fofonova Vera , Helber Stephanie B , Khodami Sahar , Kraan Casper , Neumann Hermann , Rohde Sven , Schupp Peter J
Published: December 2023

Microbial composition and diversity in marine sediments are shaped by environmental, biological, and anthropogenic processes operating at different scales. However, our understanding of benthic microbial biogeography remains limited. Here, we used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to characterize benthic microbiota in the North Sea from the top centimeter of 339 sediment samples. We utilized spatially explicit statistical models, to disentangle the effects of the different predictors, including bottom trawling intensity, a prevalent industrial fishing practice which heavily impacts benthic ecosystems. Fitted models demonstrate how the geographic interplay of different environmental and anthropogenic drivers shapes the diversity, structure and potential metabolism of benthic microbial communities. Sediment properties were the primary determinants, with diversity increasing with sediment permeability but also with mud content, highlighting different underlying processes. Additionally, diversity and structure varied with total organic matter content, temperature, bottom shear stress and bottom trawling. Changes in diversity associated with bottom trawling intensity were accompanied by shifts in predicted energy metabolism. Specifically, with increasing trawling intensity, we observed a transition toward more aerobic heterotrophic and less denitrifying predicted metabolism. Our findings provide first insights into benthic microbial biogeographic patterns on a large spatial scale and illustrate how anthropogenic activity such as bottom trawling may influence the distribution and abundances of microbes and potential metabolism at macroecological scales.
Cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes and transitions in the United States population
Authors: Lhoste Victor P. F. , Zhou Bin , Mishra Anu , Bennett James E. , Filippi Sarah , Asaria Perviz , Gregg Edward W. , Danaei Goodarz , Ezzati Majid
Published: December 2023

Cardiovascular and renal conditions have both shared and distinct determinants. In this study, we applied unsupervised clustering to multiple rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 2018, and identified 10 cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes. These included a ‘low risk’ phenotype; two groups with average risk factor levels but different heights; one group with low body-mass index and high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; five phenotypes with high levels of one or two related risk factors (‘high heart rate’, ‘high cholesterol’, ‘high blood pressure’, ‘severe obesity’ and ‘severe hyperglycemia’); and one phenotype with low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Prevalence of the ‘high blood pressure’ and ‘high cholesterol’ phenotypes decreased over time, contrasted by a rise in the ‘severe obesity’ and ‘low DBP, low eGFR’ phenotypes. The cardiometabolic and renal traits of the US population have shifted from phenotypes with high blood pressure and cholesterol toward poor kidney function, hyperglycemia and severe obesity.
Against a nation state of emergency: how climate emergency politics can undermine climate justice
Authors: Osborne Natalie , Carlson Anna
Published: December 2023

In recent years, eco-activist groups, academics, industry groups, governments, and other organisations have called for, or declared, a climate emergency. These declarations offer discursive and political consent for emergency climate actions. Without refuting the urgent need to take meaningful action to limit and adapt to climate change, in this paper we argue emergency declarations can have effects that may ultimately work against climate justice. To do this, we contextualise climate injustice as part of a much longer history of colonial racial capitalism, and suggest that discourses and declarations of emergency often serve as tools through which the political conditions and histories that shape and sustain injustices, including environmental and climate injustices, are erased. Working from the present conjuncture and the aftermath of the ‘crisis’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, we show how discourses of emergency and crisis serve as tools through which the coercive and controlling powers of the state are sustained, maintained, and legitimised. Reading across a vast history of crisis colonialism, we show how emergency measures enable the expansion, consolidation, and militarisation of colonial settler states, linking existing anticolonial critiques with ideas of disaster capitalism and fossil fascism to offer a cautionary intervention into movements for climate action that persist with logics and discourses of emergency and crisis. We warn that declarations of emergency are not only ineffective tools in the pursuit of climate justice, but may be actively dangerous.
Activatable fluorescent probes for early diagnosis and evaluation of liver injury
Authors: Lin Pengxu , Jiang Shali , Liu Ting , Yuan Xiaomin , Luo Kun , Xie Can , Zhao Xiongjie , Zhou Liyi
Published: December 2023

With the increase in people's living standards, the number of patients suffering from liver injury keeps on increasing.
Raman classification of selected subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Adamczyk Adriana , Nowakowska Anna M. , Jakubowska Justyna , Zabczynska Marta , Bartoszek Maja , Kashyrskaya Sviatlana , Fatla Agnieszka , Stawoski Kacper , Siakala Kacper , Pastorczak Agata , Ostrowska Kinga , Mlynarski Wojciech , Majzner Katarzyna , Baranska Malgorzata
Published: December 2023

Single cell and Raman-based classification of two high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: KMT2A gene rearrangement (KMT2A-r) and Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+).
Palladium nanospheres-embedded metal–organic frameworks to enhance the ECL efficiency of 2,6-dimethyl-8-(3-carboxyphenyl)4,4′-difluoroboradiazene in aqueous solution for ultrasensitive Cu2+ detection
Authors: Song Shu-Shu , Zhan Jiale , Zhu Hao-Tian , Bao Jing-Yi , Wang Ai-Jun , Yuan Pei-Xin , Feng Jiu-Ju
Published: December 2023

The Pd@MOFs were exploited to enhance the ECL efficiency of BET in aqueous environment. The ECL signals can be quenched by Cu2+ to build the ECL sensor.
Body composition analysis via spatially resolved NIR spectroscopy with multifrequency bioimpedance precision
Authors: Shirshin Evgeny , Yakimov Boris , Davydov Denis , Baev Alexey , Budylin Gleb , Fadeev Nikolay , Urusova Liliya , Pachuashvili Nano , Vasyukova Olga , Mokrysheva Natalia
Published: December 2023

NIR-spectroscopy with multiple source–detector distances of forearm skin provides an accurate estimate (mean absolute error of ∼3% and r = 0.93) of body fat and lean mass percentage comparable to advanced multifrequency bioimpedance analysis.
Bioinspired motifs in proton and CO2 reduction with 3d-metal polypyridine complexes
Authors: Droghetti Federico , Amati Agnese , Ruggi Albert , Natali Mirco
Published: December 2023

Mechanistic analysis of catalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) by polypyridine complexes of first-row transition metals highlights many similarities with the active sites of Natural enzymes.
Refining protein amide I spectrum simulations with simple yet effective electrostatic models for local wavenumbers and dipole derivative magnitudes
Authors: Baronio Cesare M. , Barth Andreas
Published: December 2023

Shift of the local amide I wavenumber due to the protein environment calculated by density functional theory (golden bars) and by an electrostatic model with three adjustable parameters (orange bars).
Quality-dependent performance of hydrophobic ZIF-67 upon high-pressure water intrusion–extrusion process
Authors: Amayuelas Eder , Bartolomé Luis , Zhang Yan , López del Amo Juan Miguel , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Nikulin Artem , Bonilla Francisco , del Barrio Elena Palomo , Zajdel Paweł , Grosu Yaroslav
Published: December 2023

The quality of ZIF-67 (based on the presence of the secondary ZIF-L-Co-related phase) has an impact on its energy dissipation performance through the water intrusion–extrusion process.
Delayed photodissociation of the tin cluster Sn22−
Authors: Jankowski Alexander , Fischer Paul , Hansen Klavs , Schweikhard Lutz
Published: December 2023

The delayed photodecay of tin clusters Sn22− shows a single dissociation pathway by break-off of neutral Sn7. The distribution of decay constants is translated into an energy distribution, deriving the ensemble temperature and dissociation energy.
Carbon doped hexagonal boron nitride as an efficient metal-free catalyst for NO capture and reduction
Authors: Nie Jiali , Li Ying , Gao Dongyue , Fang Yi , Lin Jing , Tang Chengchun , Guo Zhonglu
Published: December 2023

The electrochemical NO reduction reaction (NORR) towards NH3 is considered a promising strategy to cope with both NO removal and NH3 production.
An environmental impact statement for molecular anions
Authors: Simons Jack
Published: December 2023

Diabatic and adiabatic energy surfaces for rotation-induced electron detachment.
B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated compounds: structures and optical tuning
Authors: Ye Kaishun , Li Gang , Li Feiyang , Shi Chao , Jiang Zhen , Zhang Fuzheng , Li Qiuxia , Su Jie , Song Dandan , Yuan Aihua
Published: December 2023

Two novel B-embedded disulfide-bridged π-conjugated compounds have been prepared and show different optical mechanisms. The compound BS-CZ exhibits significant MR-TADF properties, while the compound BS-N shows traditional FL characteristics.
The effect of temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the concentration of iron and manganese ions in La1/3Sr2/3Fe1−xMnxO3−δ
Authors: Nikitin Sergey S. , Koryakov Alexander D. , Antipinskaya Elizaveta A. , Markov Alexey A. , Patrakeev Mikhail V.
Published: December 2023

The redox behavior of iron and manganese in LaySr1−yFe1−xMnxO3−δ is similar to their behavior in the respective ferrites and manganites. An increase in lanthanum content favors preferable electron localization on manganese under reducing conditions.
Revolutionizing the structural design and determination of covalent–organic frameworks: principles, methods, and techniques
Authors: Liu Yikuan , Liu Xiaona , Su An , Gong Chengtao , Chen Shenwei , Xia Liwei , Zhang Chengwei , Tao Xiaohuan , Li Yue , Li Yonghe , Sun Tulai , Bu Mengru , Shao Wei , Zhao Jia , Li Xiaonian , Peng Yongwu , Guo Peng , Han Yu , Zhu Yihan
Published: December 2023

In this comprehensive review, we delve into the principles, revolutionary methods, and techniques employed in the structural design and determination of COFs, to decipher the underlying logic governing their captivating properties.
Nanotechnologies in ceramic electrochemical cells
Authors: Cao Jiafeng , Ji Yuexia , Shao Zongping
Published: December 2023

A ceramic electrochemical cell is able to work in electrically activated SOEC mode and can also generate electric energy in SOFC mode, while nanotechnologies will greatly facilitate the mass transport and energy conversion processes in the cell.
Electrocatalysis of nitrogen pollution: transforming nitrogen waste into high-value chemicals
Authors: Wu Qilong , Zhu Fangfang , Wallace Gordon , Yao Xiangdong , Chen Jun
Published: December 2023

This viewpoint focuses on electrocatalytic NW reduction and highlights the challenges in its practical application. It also discusses future directions to meet the requirements of upstream and downstream industries by optimizing production processes.
Stimulus-responsive polymer materials toward multi-mode and multi-level information anti-counterfeiting: recent advances and future challenges
Authors: Shen Ying , Le Xiaoxia , Wu Yue , Chen Tao
Published: December 2023

This review highlights the recent advances and discusses the challenges and perspectives of stimulus-responsive polymer (SRP)-based information-storage materials, which exhibit multi-mode or multi-level anti-counterfeiting performance.
Multi-BOWS: multi-fidelity multi-objective Bayesian optimization with warm starts for nanophotonic structure design
Authors: Kim Jungtaek , Li Mingxuan , Li Yirong , Gómez Andrés , Hinder Oliver , Leu Paul W.
Published: December 2023

Multi-fidelity multi-objective Bayesian optimization is effective for designing nanophotonic structures.
Heteroleptic samarium complexes with high quantum yields for temperature sensing applications
Authors: Ali Asgar , Ahmed Zubair , Iftikhar Khalid , uddin Rahis
Published: December 2023

This paper reports two new crystallographically characterized Sm complexes, [Sm(fod)3(L)] (L = bath and terpy) and their photophysical (visible and NIR) and temperature sensing properties.
Synthesis, crystal and electronic structures, linear and nonlinear optical properties, and photocurrent response of oxyhalides CeHaVIO4 (Ha = Cl, Br; VI = Mo, W)
Authors: Jiao Zixian , Quah Jasmine , Syed Tajamul Hussain , Wei Wei , Zhang Bingbing , Wang Fei , Wang Jian
Published: December 2023

The presence of partially filled 4f orbitals of cerium regulates heteroanionic CeHaVIO4 to give good infrared nonlinear optical materials with moderate photocurrent response.
Insight into the generation of near infra-red (NIR) absorbing species in electrochromic surface-anchored metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Mazel Antoine , Fornasarig Matteo , Owona Josianne , Truflandier Lionel , Castet Frédéric , Rougier Aline
Published: December 2023

Advanced synthesis and characterization by mixed experimental and computational approaches for a novel infra-red absorbing state in electrochromic SurMOF based devices.
Concluding remarks for Faraday Discussion on Water at Interfaces
Authors: Bonn Mischa
Published: December 2023

This Faraday Discussion explored the complexity of water at different interfaces. These summarizing remarks sketch the status of the field, highlight the progress that the community has made, and present eclectic examples of where more work needs to be done.
Concluding remarks: challenges and prospects in organic photonics and electronics
Authors: Nishide Hiroyuki
Published: December 2023

The research topics and discussions that emerged during the Faraday Discussion meeting 2023 on challenges and prospects in organic photonics and electronics are concisely summarized, including the author’s perspectives and suggestions, particularly on interdisciplinary issues.
Rapid solid-state metathesis reactions for the formation of cobalt–iron monoboride solid-solutions and investigation of their water splitting electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Abeysinghe Janaka P. , Gillan Edward G.
Published: December 2023

Rapid solid-state metathesis (SSM) reactions between four reactants form crystalline solid-solution cobalt iron monoborides. These mixed metal borides show improved HER activity that primarily correlates with higher cobalt content.
Hollow Ru/RuO2 nanospheres with nanoparticulate shells for high performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Cho Kyoungil , Jang June Young , Ko Yoon-Joo , Myung Yoon , Son Seung Uk
Published: December 2023

Hollow Ru/RuO2 nanoparticles with nanoparticulate shells (HN-Ru/RuO2) showed excellent electrocatalytic OER performance with an overpotential of 295 mV @ 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 46 mV dec−1.
High-performance asparagine-modified graphene oxide membranes for organic dyes and heavy metal ion separation
Authors: Jatoi Ashique Hussain , Ali Akbar , Nadeem Ahmed , Phulpoto Shah Nawaz , Iqbal Muzaffar , Memon Ayaz Ali , Yang Jun , Thebo Khalid Hussain
Published: December 2023

Asparagine-modified GO membranes are prepared to efficiently reject rhodamine B dye up to 99.9%, along with a water permeability of ∼1740 ± 10 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Further, such membranes are stable in water up to 34 days.
Non-aqueous electrochemistry of rhodamine B acylhydrazone
Authors: Belko Nikita , Maltanava Hanna , Lugovski Anatol , Shabunya Polina , Fatykhava Sviatlana , Bondarenko Evgeny , Chulkin Pavel , Poznyak Sergey , Samtsov Michael
Published: December 2023

Electrooxidation of rhodamine B acylhydrazone in MeCN involves free radical intermediates and yields diverse products.
Estimation and photocatalytic reduction of toxic chromium metal ions from environmental samples by zinc-based nanocomposite
Authors: Rani Manviri , Yadav Jyoti , Shanker Uma
Published: December 2023

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) is a major water pollutant and suspected carcinogen with high persistence.
On the mechanochemical synthesis of C-scorpionates with an oxime moiety and their application in the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction
Authors: Gomes Carla , Costa Mariana , Lopes Susana M. M. , Nogueira Bernardo Albuquerque , Fausto Rui , Paixão José A. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Pineiro Marta
Published: December 2023

Integrating the principles of green chemistry to develop sustainable processes.
Multifunctional underwater superoleophobic cellulose-based composite aerogel with oil/water separation, dye adsorption, and antibacterial activities
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhao Linyan , Cui Lin , Li DongMei , Tian Xing , Liu Zhiyong , Tai Yanlong , Liu Shenglin
Published: December 2023

Developing multifunctional materials with oil/water separation, dye adsorption, and antibacterial activities presents an enticing prospect for wastewater treatment.
Enhancing the performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells through side-chain engineering of asymmetrical non-fused-ring electron acceptors
Authors: Yang Jun , Lu Yingyi , Zhou Zhongxin , Zhang Shiyue , Wu Zhonglian , Jin Shujing , Zhao Yongtao , Zhu Weiguo , Liu Yu
Published: December 2023

In organic solar cells (OSCs), the intricate synthesis and lower yield of ladder-type fused ring small molecule receptors (FR-SMAs) have prompted the quest for simpler, higher yielding non-fused ring (NFR)-SMAs.
Chemistry and biology of specialized metabolites produced by Actinomadura
Authors: Dashti Yousef , Errington Jeff
Published: December 2023

Actinomadura represents a promising source of natural products. This review emphasizes the specialized metabolites produced by this genus, their biological activities, and selected biosynthetic pathways.
Synthesis of silyl indenes by ruthenium-catalyzed aldehyde- and acylsilane-enabled C–H alkylation/cyclization
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Cheng , Lu Xiunan , Peng Chengxing , Zhang Yawei , Zhu Xiong , Zhong Guofu , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2023

A ruthenium-catalyzed C–H alkylation/cyclization sequence is presented to prepare silyl indenes, which is triggered by acyl silane-directed C–H activation, and an aldehyde controls the following enol cyclization/condensation.
Two short approaches to the COVID-19 drug β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine and its prodrug molnupiravir
Authors: Persaud Kevin E. , Sahu Rajesh R. , Neary Michelle C. , Kapdi Anant R. , Lakshman Mahesh K.
Published: December 2023

Synthesis of the COVID drug β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) and its prodrug, molnupiravir, has been achieved via two chemical routes.
Backbone-shape engineering of fused-ring electron-deficient molecular semiconductors for unipolar n-type organic transistors: synthesis, conformation changes, and structure–property correlations
Authors: Chen Zekun , Wu Zeng , Chen Yuzhong , Zhang Shuixin , Jiang Zhen , Li Wenhao , Zhao Yan , Wang Yang , Liu Yunqi
Published: December 2023

Three n-type fused-ring small molecules with different shapes are synthesized. Changing the backbone shape is found to affect the energy levels, molecular conformation and packing ordering, leading to different charge transport properties.
How reciprocity impacts ordering and phase separation in active nematics?
Authors: Sinha Arpan , Chaudhuri Debasish
Published: December 2023

The presence of reciprocity enables density fluctuations to impact alignment, transforming the ordering in a two-dimensional active nematic into a first-order transition.
Hydrodynamics of a multicomponent vesicle under strong confinement
Authors: Gannon Ashley , Quaife Bryan , Young Y.-N.
Published: December 2023

Numerically exploring a vesicle passing through two highly confined channels, we analyze the shape, lubrication layer, energy, tank-treading velocity, and excess pressure of a multicomponent vesicle.
The influence of ions and humidity on charging of solid hydrophobic surfaces in slide electrification
Authors: Sbeih Suhad , Lüleci Aziz , Weber Stefan , Steffen Werner
Published: December 2023

Water drops sliding down inclined hydrophobic, insulating surfaces spontaneously deposit electric charges.
Ruthenium nanoparticles on covalent triazine frameworks incorporating thiophene for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Rademacher Lars , Beglau Thi Hai Yen , Ali Bahia , Sondermann Linda , Strothmann Till , Boldog István , Barthel Juri , Janiak Christoph
Published: December 2023

In this study, 2 to 4 nm ruthenium nanoparticles were loaded by decomposition of Ru3(CO)12 through microwave heating on thiophene containing CTFs to assess the influence of thiophene on the electrocatalytic properties in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Unveiling the electrocatalytic potential of main-group metal-doped blue phosphorene for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions through a computational study
Authors: Hu Hao , Yong Yang-Chun , Zhang Peng , Tang Wei , Xiao Bei-Bei , Mi Jian-Li
Published: December 2023

Sb, Be dual-doped BP shows exceptional bifunctional OER/HER performance.
Two-dimensional trilayer heterostructures with cascade dual Z-schemes to achieve efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wan Xue-Qing , Yang Chuan-Lu , Li Xiao-Hu , Liu Yu-Liang , Zhao Wen-Kai
Published: December 2023

Electronic properties and diabatic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the maximum solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of photocatalytic cascade dual Z-schemes with Bi(InAs3)/HfSeTe/ZrSe2 heterostructures can reach 41.04%.
Ni3Se4/Fe(PO3)2/NF composites as high-efficiency electrocatalysts with a low overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Shuai Ting-Yu , Zhan Qi-Ni , Xu Hui-Min , Huang Chen-Jin , Zhang Zhi-Jie , Zhu Hong-Rui , Li Gao-Ren
Published: December 2023

Ni3Se4/Fe(PO3)2/NF nanocomposites prepared by electrodeposition can be used as self-supporting electrode catalysts for high-performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Single crystal synthesis and properties of the two-dimensional van der Waals frustrated magnets, Mn2In2Se5 and Mn2Ga2S5
Authors: Williams Archibald J. , Reifsnyder Alexander , Yu Bowen , Moore Curtis E. , Susner Michael A. , Windl Wolfgang , McComb David W. , Goldberger Joshua E.
Published: December 2023

We establish the synthesis, physical properties, and highly-frustrated magnetism of Mn2In2Se5 and Mn2Ga2S5 van der Waals crystals.
Biochemical Society support in action: experiences from our community
Authors: Ollett Lucy
Published: December 2023

Throughout the year, the Biochemical Society offers a programme of grants for all career stages supporting research, attendance at scientific conferences, and the sponsorship of events. So far in 2023, we have awarded over £296,000 towards international collaboration and the training of essential biochemistry techniques in labs and workshops as well as the organisation of independent lectures and symposiums. In this article, we are delighted to share a few insights from our community that highlight the variety of projects and opportunities made possible by our funding. For more information about our funding opportunities and the application process, please visit our website.
Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System for Voice Therapy: Application to Everyday Clinical Care
Authors: Wolfberg Jeremy , Whyte John , Doyle Patricia , Gherson Shirley , Muise Jason , Petty Brian , Tolejano Carol Jorgensen , Hillman Robert E. , Stadelman-Cohen Tara , Van Stan Jarrad H.
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Rehabilitation intervention descriptions often do not explicitly identify active ingredients or how those ingredients lead to changes in patient functioning. The Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) provides guidance to identify the critical aspects of any rehabilitation therapy and supported the development of standardly named ingredients and targets in voice therapy (Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System for Voice Therapy [RTSS-Voice]). This study sought to test the content validity of the RTSS-Voice and determine if the RTSS-Voice can be used to identify commonalities and differences in treatment (criterion validity) across clinicians in everyday clinical practice.

Method:

Five speech-language pathologists from different institutions videotaped one therapy session for 59 patients diagnosed with a voice or upper airway disorder. Specifications were created for each video, and iterative rounds of revisions were completed with the treating clinician and two RTSS experts until consensus was reached on each specification.

Results:

All 59 sessions were specified without the addition of any targets or ingredients. There were two frequent targets: (a) increased volition and (b) decreased strained voice quality. There were three frequent ingredients: (a) information regarding the patient's capability and motivation to perform a therapeutic behavior, (b) knowledge of results feedback, and (c) opportunities to practice voicing with improved resonance and mean airflow. Across sessions treating vocal hyperfunction, there was large variability across clinicians regarding the types and number of treatment components introduced, types of feedback provided, and vocal practice within spontaneous speech and negative practice.

Conclusions:

The RTSS and the RTSS-Voice demonstrated strong content validity, as they comprehensively characterized 59 therapy sessions. They also demonstrated strong criterion validity, as commonalities and differences were identified in everyday voice therapy for vocal hyperfunction across multiple clinicians. Future work to translate RTSS principles and RTSS-Voice terms into clinical documentation can help to understand how clinician and patient variability impacts outcomes and bridge the research–practice gap.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24796875
Coordinating Words and Sentences: Detecting Age-Related Changes in Language Production
Authors: Sung Jee Eun , Jo Eunha , Choi Sujin , Lee Jiyeon
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine whether older adults exhibit reduced abilities in coordinating lexical retrieval and syntactic formulation during sentence production and whether an individual's working memory capacity predicts age-related changes in sentence production.

Method:

A total of 124 Korean-speaking individuals (79 young and 45 older adults) completed a lexical priming sentence production task. The participants described a target picture (a dog biting a monkey) after reading either an agent (dog) or a theme (monkey) prime word. The proportion of passive sentences was used as the dependent variable.

Results:

When the theme noun was primed, older adults produced fewer passive sentences than young adults. Working memory tasks significantly predicted individual differences in the sentence production of older adults.

Conclusions:

With aging, the ability to efficiently formulate syntactic structures in coordination with varying lexical information declines. Among older adults, age-related changes in these sentence production processes are associated with reduced working memory. Our constrained language production task is sensitive to detecting aging effects.
Under the Surface: Rhoticity and Relevance in the Song “Surface Pressure” From Disney's
Encanto
Authors: Lockenvitz Sarah , Brooks Avery
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The song “Surface Pressure” from the Disney film
Encanto
is believed to have a relatively high number of opportunities for production practice of rhotic speech sounds in comparison to conversational tasks. Given the effectiveness of meaningful activities in speech-language intervention, incorporation of this song into treatment has the potential to benefit speech-disordered children.

Method:

Transcription of “Surface Pressure” using the International Phonetic Alphabet was completed by two independent transcribers, and a consensus was reached on all discrepancies (94.8% consistency). Frequency of occurrence for different rhotic speech sounds was calculated.

Results:

The song “Surface Pressure” contains a proportionally high number of the uncommon American English stressed and unstressed schwars at 5.32% of the total phonemes in the entirety of the song, compared to 2.21% in conversational American English. Over 9% of the total phonemes are characterized by some degree of rhoticity, compared to 6.08% in conversation.

Conclusions:

The construction of “Surface Pressure” creates an accessible and authentic opportunity for targeting errored productions of rhotic speech sounds in a potentially culturally and socially relevant way. Similar analyses could justify the use of other distinctive children's movie songs in place of more traditional methods of elicitation for various speech disorder assessment and intervention needs, all with the objective of offering meaningful, authentic, and relevant opportunities for desired productions.
Wireless sensor network security defense strategy based on Bayesian reputation evaluation model
Authors: Teng Zhijun , Zhu Sian , Li Mingzhe , Yu Libo , Gu Jinliang , Guo Liwen
Published: December 2023

In order to solve the security problems caused by malicious nodes in wireless sensor networks, a TS‐BRS reputation model based on time series analysis is proposed in this paper. By using the time series analysis method, the matching analysis of two time series is carried out to reduce the interference of channel conflicts on the reputation evaluation model and improve the accuracy of model recognition. In order to improve the adaptability of the evaluation model, the adaptive maintenance function μ is introduced into the update of credit value, which aggravates the influence of node behaviour on credit value at the present stage. The simulation results show that the new reputation evaluation model can effectively improve the detection rate and detection speed of malicious nodes in the network. After the introduction of maintenance function, the reputation value of the captured malicious nodes in the network has a faster convergence speed.
Multiscale feature fusion network for monocular complex hand pose estimation
Authors: Zhan Zhi , Luo Guang
Published: December 2023

Hand pose estimation based on a single RGB image has low accuracy due to the complexity of the pose, local self‐similarity of finger features, and occlusion. A multiscale feature fusion network (MS‐FF) for monocular vision gesture pose estimation is proposed to address this problem. The network can take full advantage of different channel information to enhance important gesture information, and it can simultaneously extract features from feature maps of different resolutions to obtain as much detailed feature information and deep semantic information as possible. The feature maps are merged to obtain the hand pose results. The InterHand2.6M dataset and Rendered Handpose Dataset (RHD) are used to train the MS‐FF. Compared with the other methods, the MS‐FF obtains the smallest average error of hand joints, verifying its effectiveness.
Battery doctor ‐ next generation battery health assessment: Definition, approaches, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Dong Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhijun , Zhang Rui , Wang Tianjing
Published: December 2023

A new concept of battery doctor is proposed for the next generation battery health assessment, first, the comprehensive assessment framework integrating the multiple health indices is formulated, where the bottom‐up assessment hierarchy is used to provide the holistic health indicator from the battery cell to the large‐format battery. Second, several options for defining a uniform indicator state of X is provided to effectively measure the battery health, which contributes to promoting the health assessment from state of charge and stage of health to state of X. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities of developing the battery doctor are disclosed from three different viewpoints, which is to incentivize the technology breakthrough for the next generation battery health assessment.
Forest nighttime image enhancement based on improved SCI light estimation and reflection optimization
Authors: Zhang Xian , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Hanyue
Published: December 2023

The images captured by forest nighttime imaging devices are prone to degradation and noise issues due to environmental constraints. This paper proposes a novel framework based on the self‐calibrating illumination framework to improve image quality. The framework consists of four specific steps: (1) addressing non‐uniform degradation by estimating illuminance components through non‐uniform MaxRGB, (2) extracting rich information using multi‐scale inflationary convolution, (3) analyzing the relationship between different input levels and the initial level and progressively adjusting the luminance components using a channel self‐calibration module to achieve continuous improvement in luminance, and (4) designing a reflectance optimization module that enhances illuminance while suppressing noise through a regularization model. To evaluate the proposed method, a dataset comprising 1000 forest night images is constructed using an image simulation strategy. The effectiveness of this method was validated on both synthetic and real datasets, demonstrating its ability to significantly enhance nighttime forest images. When compared to six other algorithms, this method outperformed them in eight evaluation metrics, including a peak signal‐to‐noise ratio metric of 22.839 and a structural similarity metric of 0.909. The experimental results clearly indicate that this method excels in enhancing image quality and fidelity.
Wideband 0.5–50 GHz double‐ridged guide horn antenna using coaxial‐to‐ridge waveguide launcher
Authors: Jacobs Bennie , Odendaal Johann W. , Joubert Johan
Published: December 2023

Ever‐increasing bandwidth requirements from various industries drive the need for the ever‐increasing bandwidth of antennas used for testing. Broadband Double‐Ridged Guide Horn (DRGH) antennas are used extensively in antenna measurement and ElectroMagnetic Compatibility/Interference (EMC/I) testing. The current state‐of‐the‐art broadband DRGH antennas reported in the literature for use in measurement applications cover bandwidth ratios as large as 36:1 (0.5–18 GHz). This paper presents the design and realisation of a DRGH antenna with a 100:1 bandwidth ratio (0.5–50 GHz). To achieve such a wide bandwidth, the ridge gap, width and feed were optimised, and a novel coaxial‐to‐ridge waveguide launcher section based on a typical Vivaldi antenna was developed. Backward radiation was reduced using an absorber‐filled cavity. A prototype DRGH antenna was manufactured using additive manufacturing, also referred to as 3D printing. Simulated and measured results obtained in an anechoic chamber are presented.
Influence of orifice thickness and chamfer on broadband noise in a water circuit
Authors: Kottapalli Shravan , van Aken Stijn , Hirschberg Avraham , Waterson Nicholas , Smeulders David , Nakiboglu Gunes
Published: December 2023

An incompressible large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to predict broadband noise generation by an orifice in a water circuit. Flow conditions are chosen in order to avoid cavitation. The model’s results are compared to measured wall pressure fluctuations for three orifices: a thin sharp-square-edge orifice, a thick sharp-square-edge orifice and a thick narrower orifice with an upstream chamfer. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy simulations (LES) fail to reproduce the steady-flow drag coefficient of the thick sharp-edge orifice and of the upstream-chamfered orifice. Large differences are found in the steady-flow drag coefficient of different samples of the thick orifice. An edge-tone like instability is observed in the near-field pressure fluctuations of one of the thick sharp-square-edge orifices, which does not appear in the other samples and is suppressed by the upstream chamfer. However, there are only minor differences in far-field radiated sound for these thick sharp-edged orifices. A plane-wave model with acoustic source from the LES predicts the power spectral density (PSD) of the acoustic pressures within a factor 3. At low Strouhal numbers (based on the orifice diameter and the cross-sectional averaged velocity in the orifice) the thin orifice behaves similarly to the thicker strongly chamfered orifices, with thin central cylindrical section. At higher Strouhal numbers the measured and predicted acoustic-pressure fluctuations due to these orifices are two orders of magnitude lower than those of thick orifices with sharp square edges. As orifices are used for the control of the flow distribution through complex water-cooling networks, the good results for thick chamfered narrow orifices call for a further study to find shapes that minimize the sound production at constant static pressure drop.
In the direction of a sustainable future: A Comprehensive Review of Evolution, Environmental Impacts, and Future Prospects of Bioenergy
Authors: Zhi Lihao , He Zhuozheng , Li Peixuan , Cao Xiaoyu
Published: December 2023

As global focus sharpens on carbon emissions and environmental protection; the pursuit of sustainable development permeates every sector. Against the backdrop of increasing fossil fuel prices and relentless energy demand, the exploration of clean energy has become paramount. This paper presents a comprehensive review of bioenergy. It introduces the concept and underscores its importance, tracing the historical stages and accomplishments in its development. The paper explicates different types of bioenergy and their chemical operating principles. The integral system of bioenergy is also evaluated, focusing on crucial components: bioenergy feedstocks, processing technologies, transport process, storage, and grid integration. The paper concludes with an assessment of bioenergy's economic and environmental impacts, considering market dynamics and future prospects, and suggests potential mitigation measures against its environmental repercussions.
Bench satellite development and testing
Authors: Jeffery Sam , Jordaan Willem , Slabber Dirk , Visagie Lourens
Published: December 2023

This paper discusses the development of a satellite-like system to bridge the gap between satellite development and satellite flight missions. The solution takes the form of a bench satellite, BenchSat, that can emulate satellite capabilities and interactions in a controlled environment on the ground. BenchSat utilises surrounding facilities, particularly an air bearing facility and an existing ground station, to produce a realistic test environment for satellite development. The air bearing facility entails a cart with pressurised gas which pushes the cart on a flat surface, creating a low-friction, space like environment. BenchSat comprises an electrical power subsystem, a radio communication subsystem, and an onboard computer subsystem. These systems are created to be a good representation of equivalent flight models and can serve as an initial step in the future development of each of these subsystems. A final experiment was conducted using an integrated BenchSat connected to an air bearing carrier cart. The ground station was used to give commands to the BenchSat to use its thrusters to translate and rotate the carrier cart. This creates a realistic interface to perform satellite rendezvous experiments. It is further extended to interface with a satellite simulator for Hardware-In-Loop testing and flight software development.
Voyager, a ground mobile robotic platform for research development
Authors: Purdon Kyla , Dickens John , de Ronde Willis , Ramruthan Kshir , Crafford Gerrie
Published: December 2023

This paper describes a mobile ground-based robotic platform named Voyager which was developed to support robotics research and replace the old mobile robotic platform, the Pioneer. A comparative analysis was done with three mobile robot: platforms Pioneer 3-DX, Clearpath Robotics Jackal, and SuperDroid Robots VIPR to determine the requirements for Voyager's development. The Voyager is currently equipped with a 3D LiDAR scanner, inertial measurement unit, and camera to allow for the onboard software to perform obstacle avoidance as well as avoid non-traversable terrain when driving outdoors. This universal platform has been used for developing new algorithms for path planning, obstacle avoidance, localisation, and mapping.
Computational studies on magnesium spinel’s [MgY2S4 and MgY2Se4]
Authors: Tibane Khumbulani , Ngoepe Phuti , Masedi Cliffton
Published: December 2023

The need for novel battery cathode materials is growing every day, and an ongoing study on magnesium (Mg) has intensified due to its many advantages such as its abundance on earth, low cost, and ease of handling. Furthermore, Mg2+ has the advantage of doubling the overall charge per ion compared to Li+ and boosting the energy density of a battery. The major challenge, is the identification of cathode materials that demonstrate capacities and voltages similar to lithium-ion systems. In this study, the first principle–based calculations were used to investigate the stability of discharge products for MgY2S4 and MgY2Se4 structures employing density functional theory (DFT) through VASP within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in the form of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation. The computed elastic constants indicate that the structures are mechanically stable. We found that MgY2S4 and MgY2Se4 structures are electronically stable semi-conductors with direct band gaps of 1.79 and 1.27 eV observed in the density of states, respectively. No negative vibrational frequencies are observed in all directions in the phonon dispersion curves, which indicates vibrational stability. The findings of this work aim to improve the production, research, and development of solid electrolyte magnesium-ion batteries.