bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality
Authors: Zhang Letian
Published: March 2022

This article suggests that regulations targeting the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. I theorize that although these bans have no legal jurisdiction over private-sector firms, they could influence such firms normatively. After such a ban, executives who have been skeptical of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) policies may feel more normative license to reduce commitment to EEO practices. Using a difference-in-differences estimation on 11,311 firms from 1985 to 2015, I find that the bans are indeed associated with slower racial progress in private-sector firms: after a state adopts the affirmative action ban, growth in the proportion of Black managers in establishments with corporate headquarters in that state slows by more than 50 percent, and this slowdown is mostly concentrated in firms with politically conservative CEOs. These findings suggest a mechanism for the persistence of racial inequality and show that regulations can influence actors well beyond legal jurisdictions.
Environmental social work through the African philosophy of Ubuntu: A conceptual analysis
Authors: Chigangaidze Robert K
Published: March 2022

Social work has been involved with the interactions between human beings and their environment since its inception. Environmental social work can expand the profession beyond its boundaries. Similarly, Ubuntu is the philosophy that has the potential to provide global messaging for the interactions between human beings and their environment. Utilizing concept analysis, this article endeavours to expand Ubuntu philosophy to the concept of Environmental Social Work. Notably, Ubuntu is relevant in the components of human relations to nature, food security, climate change, natural disasters, sustainable development and ecospiritual social work. Unequivocally, Ubuntu is a philosophy relevant to Environmental Social Work.
Oral Health Equity Must Address Oppression: On the BSSOH Consensus Statement
Authors: Raskin S.E. , Fleming E.
Published: March 2022

The Consensus Statement on Future Directions for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in Oral Health (Consensus Statement) is a transformational contribution to oral health research synthesizing a wide array of conceptual, methodological, and disciplinary concerns and offering strategies to improve scientific inquiry. The Consensus Statement explicates global oral health equity as a foundational concern of our field. Given this context, a key concern is missing from the statement: oppression!
Systematic Review of the Effect on Caries of Sugars Intake: Ten-Year Update
Authors: Moores C.J. , Kelly S.A.M. , Moynihan P.J.
Published: March 2022

An update of the systematic review of evidence on the association between amount of sugars intake and dental caries, as well as on the effect of restricting sugars intake to <10% and <5% energy (E) on caries, was conducted, almost 10 y since the review that informed the World Health Organization (WHO) Guideline on Sugars. The aim was to systematically review epidemiological data published from 2011 to 2020 on the amount of sugars consumption and levels of caries and to report the findings for adults and children. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies reported the amount of sugars and caries, measured as prevalence, incidence, or severity. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Risk of bias was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. Vote counting and harvest plots provided the basis for evidence synthesis. From 488 new papers identified, 23 studies were eligible: 4 cohort, 1 case-controlled, 12 cross-sectional, and 6 ecological. Eleven of 15 studies in children and 6 of 8 studies in adults reported at least 1 positive association between sugars and caries. Six of 7 studies in children and 4 of 4 studies in adults, with data enabling comparison of caries levels with sugars intakes >10%E and <10%E, showed lower caries when sugars intake was <10%E. Amalgamating with original studies yielded 64 of 78 studies showing at least 1 positive association, 20 of 78 a null association, and 3 of 78 a negative association between sugars and caries. GRADE profiles of new and original cohort data confirmed “moderate-quality” evidence that caries is lower when sugars intake is <10%E. Furthermore, new cohort data upgraded the quality of evidence (from “very low” to “low”) for lower caries when free sugars are <5%E. The findings support and strengthen original evidence underpinning the WHO recommendations for sugars.
Influences of spacer monofilament distributions on mechanical properties of warp-knitted spacer fabric/resin composites
Authors: Liu Lele , Lin Haitao , Ma Pibo
Published: March 2022

Warp-knitted spacer fabrics have a unique three-dimensional structure and excellent compressive properties. They can also be used as reinforcement and compounded with base material to obtain composites. In this paper, warp-knitted spacer fabrics with single-sided hexagonal mesh structure were prepared, and the spacer monofilaments were removed in a set ratio to analyze the effects of distribution patterns of them on the tensile and compressive properties of warp-knitted spacer fabrics. Warp-knitted spacer fabric-reinforced epoxy resin-based composites with various structures were prepared to investigate the compressive and bending properties. The results showed that the tensile properties of warp-knitted spacer fabrics were not significantly related to the distribution, but compression performance was correlated with the spacer monofilaments ratio ( n). Fabric-reinforced epoxy resin-based composites of sample no. 1 have the best compression performance, and the best performance in bending is sample no. 5. A different type of warp-knitted spacer fabric could be chosen for achieving the optimal configuration in specific application scenarios. This paper can provide theoretical implications for the application of warp-knitted spacer fabrics and fabric-reinforced epoxy resin-based composites.
Do Gender-Based Pathways Influence Mental Health? Examining the Linkages Between Early Child Marriage, Intimate Partner Violence, and Psychological Well-being among Young Ethiopian Women (18–24 years Old)
Authors: John Neetu A. , Kapungu Chisina , Sebany Meroji , Tadesse Seifu
Published: March 2022

Limited emphasis is placed on understanding the gendered pathways that influence mental health, especially long-term cumulative impacts of gender-based inequalities. Exposure to early child marriage (marriage by age 15) may exaggerate exposure to gender-based mental health risk-factors, providing an opportunity to understand the multi-layered gendered pathways that impact mental health overtime. We used nationally representative cross-sectional data from Ethiopia to examine the relationship between early child marriage and psychological well-being and assessed if intimate partner violence mediates this relationship among young women. We implemented three separate multivariate regression models to assess these relationships. Our results suggest that the relationship between early child marriage and psychological well-being is influenced by higher levels of violence experienced by women in early child marriages as compared to their counterparts who married later. Investments in longitudinal data are needed to rigorously parse out the relationship between early child marriage, intimate partner violence, and psychological well-being.
Can’t You See I’m Getting Bored? The Social Context as a Moderator of Adolescent Leisure Boredom and Alcohol Use
Authors: Weybright Elizabeth , Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Caldwell Linda L. , Wegner Lisa , Doering Erica , Smith Edward A.
Published: March 2022

The current study sought to better understand how leisure boredom is associated with alcohol use and how peer factors moderated the relationship between state and trait leisure boredom and past month alcohol use. The 2004 to 2008 multi-cohort study sample included 3,837 high school students (50% female; 91% mixed race; Mage = 14 years; SD = .83) in the Cape Town area of South Africa. Results of generalized multilevel models found peer factors (time spent with peers, injunctive friend norms, descriptive peer norms) and trait, but not state, leisure boredom significantly predicted past month alcohol use. Findings can inform alcohol prevention efforts and suggest both peer factors and trait leisure boredom are worthy targets for intervention. Specifically, supporting adolescents to effectively navigate experiences of leisure boredom may, in turn, reduce alcohol use.
Coculture of ARPE-19 Cells and Porcine Neural Retina as an Ex Vivo Retinal Model
Authors: Wagner Natalie , Safaei Armin , Vogt Pia A. , Gammel Maurice R. , Dick H. Burkhard , Schnichels Sven , Joachim Stephanie C.
Published: March 2022

Neural retinal organ cultures are used to investigate ocular pathomechanisms. However, these cultures lack the essential retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which are part of the actual in vivo retina. To simulate a more realistic ex vivo model, porcine neural retina explants were cocultured with ARPE-19 cells (ARPE-19 group), which are derived from human RPE. To identify whether the entire cells or just the cell factors are necessary, in a second experimental group, porcine neural retina explants were cultured with medium derived from ARPE-19 cells (medium group). Individually cultured neural retina explants served as controls (control group). After 8 days, all neural retinas were analysed to evaluate retinal thickness, photoreceptors, microglia, complement factors and synapses ( n = 6–8 per group). The neural retina thickness in the ARPE-19 group was significantly better preserved than in the control group ( p = 0.031). Also, the number of L-cones was higher in the ARPE-19 group, as compared to the control group ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ARPE-19 group displayed an increased presynaptic glutamate uptake (determined via vGluT1 labelling) and enhanced post-synaptic density (determined via PSD-95 labelling). Combined Iba1 and iNOS detection revealed only minor effects of ARPE-19 cells on microglial activity, with a slight downregulation of total microglia activity apparent in the medium group. Likewise, only minor beneficial effects on photoreceptors and synaptic structure were found in the medium group. This novel system offers the opportunity to investigate interactions between the neural retina and RPE cells, and suggests that the inclusion of a RPE feeder layer has beneficial effects on the ex vivo maintenance of neural retina. By modifying the culture conditions, this coculture model allows a better understanding of photoreceptor death and photoreceptor–RPE cell interactions in retinal diseases.
Effectiveness of micro-lecture based cardiac rehabilitation education on health status in individuals with coronary artery disease: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Ji-Na , Zeng Chao , Zhu Song , Mao Lian , Huang Ling-zhi
Published: March 2022

Objective

To explore the effectiveness of the micro-lecture education on the ability of self-management and lifestyle changes in patients with coronary artery disease.

Design

A randomized control trial with a 12-week follow-up.

Setting

Cardiology wards of a large Chinese University Hospital.

Subjects

One hundred eligible inpatients with coronary artery disease were recruited.

Intervention

Intervention group received the micro-lecture education, while the control group received the traditional cardiac rehabilitation education.

Main measures

Primary outcome of the ability of coronary self-management was assessed by the Coronary self-management scaleat baseline, 12-week after discharge. Secondary outcomes of smoking status, exercise status, and six-minute walk distance were evaluated at the baseline, week4 and week 12 after discharge. The chi-square test,Fisher's exact test, group t-test and the repeated measure variance were used for the data analysis.

Results

Eighty-nine of 100 eligible participants responded, and mean age was 60.2 ± 11.3 years.After the intervention, the mean score of the coronary self-management scale (3.84 ± 0.36) was higher than that in the control group (2.78 ± 0.57).At week 12, the rate of re-smoked in the intervention group (6%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (43%),the frequency of the exercise (85%), and the 6MWD (495.55 ± 85.94) in the intervention group were better than the control group.

Conclusion

Micro-lecture education program presented a positive effect on promoting the ability of self-management, and apotential effect on the therapeutic lifestyle changes for the coronary artery disease patients.
Understanding How Stand-Alone Sustainability Courses Are Taught in Marketing: A Global Baseline Analysis
Authors: Brocato E. Deanne , Graul Antje R. H. , Huff Jacob , Hu Alysa , Harms Jeremy K.
Published: March 2022

The growing societal and environmental challenges of the 21st century are ubiquitous. Thus, marketing educators are tasked with incorporating a sustainability approach into their curriculum, educating students on the synchronous pursuit of economic, environmental, and social goals. Drawing on a systematic analysis of sustainability marketing–related syllabi, the purpose of this article is to provide a baseline analysis of the content covered and the resources used in stand-alone sustainability marketing courses taught at business schools worldwide. Specifically, we analyze general course information, course titles and sustainability terms utilized, current course objectives and how sustainability marketing–related learning objectives have evolved over time, course topics, how knowledge is conveyed, and how learning is assessed. This investigation also provides a list of resources used in current marketing sustainability courses to serve as a reference for curriculum development and refinement. By discussing past and current trends in sustainability education, our analysis serves as state-of-the-art insight that helps marketing educators and administrators to form or improve their own curricula to align with the pedagogical trends among their contemporaries and ultimately become more capable teachers of sustainability topics.
NF-kB pathway is involved in microscopic colitis pathogenesis
Authors: Pisani Laura Francesca , Tontini Gianeugenio , Vecchi Maurizio , Croci Giorgio Alberto , Pastorelli Luca
Published: March 2022

Objective

To investigate the potential inflammatory pathways involved in the development of microscopic colitis (MC).

Methods

This prospective study analysed human intestinal tissue that was collected and classified as healthy controls (HC), microscopic colitis (MC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). An RT2 Profiler PCR Array for human inflammatory response and autoimmunity was used to evaluate the expression of 84 specific genes related to the inflammatory and autoimmunity pathways. Data were validated by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction on an independent group of MC intestinal tissue samples.

Results

This study measured the expression of inflammatory genes in HC ( n = 10), in patients with MC ( n = 8) and in patients with active UC ( n = 10). Of the 84 genes included in the array, the expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 19, C-C motif chemokine ligand 21, lymphotoxin beta and complement C3 genes that are involved in the non-canonical nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway was increased by 2.96, 6.05, 5.96 and 5.93 times in MC compared with HC, respectively. These results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that an impairment of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway is involved in the development of MC.
Pathology of the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4H in Holstein Friesian cattle with a splice site mutation in FGD4
Authors: Dittmer Keren E. , Neeley Catherine , Perrott Matthew R. , Reynolds Edwardo , Garrick Dorian J. , Littlejohn Mathew D.
Published: March 2022

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy that is one of the most common inherited neurological diseases of humans and may be caused by mutations in a number of different genes. The subtype Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4H (CMT4H) is caused by homozygous mutations in the FGD4 (FYVE, RhoGEF, and PH domain-containing 4) gene. A previous genome-wide association study involving 130,783 dairy cows found 6 novel variants, one of which was a homozygous splice site mutation in the FGD4 gene. Descendants of carriers were genotyped to identify 9 homozygous Holstein Friesian calves that were raised to maturity, of which 5 were euthanized and sampled for histopathology and electron microscopy at 2 and 2.5 years of age. Three control Holstein Friesian animals were raised with the calves and euthanized at the same time points. No macroscopic lesions consistent with CMT4H were seen at necropsy. Microscopically, peripheral nerves were hypercellular due to hyperplasia of S100-positive Schwann cells, and there was onion bulb formation, axonal degeneration with demyelination, and increased thickness of the endoneurium. On electron microscopy, decreased axonal density, onion bulb formations, myelin outfoldings, and increased numbers of mitochondria were present. These changes are consistent with those described in mouse models and humans with CMT4H, making these cattle a potential large animal model for CMT.
A retrospective observational study of patient analgesia outcomes when regional anaesthesia procedures are performed by consultants versus supervised trainees
Authors: Chin Adrian , Foster Daniel J , Pelecanos Anita M , Eley Victoria A
Published: March 2022

At teaching hospitals, consultants must provide effective supervision, including appropriate selection of teaching cases, such that the outcomes achieved by trainees are similar to that of consultants. Numerous studies in the surgical literature have compared patient outcomes when surgery is performed by consultant surgeons or surgical trainees but, to our knowledge, none exist in the field of anaesthesia. We aimed to compare analgesia outcomes of regional anaesthesia when performed by supervised trainees versus consultants. We designed a retrospective observational study using registry data. The primary outcome was inadequate analgesia, defined as a numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain >5 reported at any time in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). Secondary outcomes included the maximum pain NRS, pain experienced in the PACU, and the requirement for systemic opioid analgesia in the PACU. Of the 1814 patients analysed, the primary proceduralist was a consultant for 514 (28.3%) patients and a trainee for 1300 (71.7%) patients. All trainees were supervised by an on-site consultant. There were no statistically significant differences between consultants and supervised trainees in terms of the primary outcome (NRS >5 in 24.9% and 24.5% of patients, respectively; P = 0.84) and secondary outcomes. Compared to trainees, consultants had a slightly higher rate of patients with a body mass index >30 kg/m2, an American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification of 3 or 4, nerve blocks performed under general anaesthesia, paravertebral/neuraxial blocks and blocks with perineural catheter placement. Regional anaesthesia performed by supervised trainees can achieve similar analgesia outcomes to consultant-performed procedures.
Diagnostic utility of T2*-weighted GRE in migraine with aura attack. The cortical veins sign
Authors: Hirtz Chloe , Adam Gilles , Raposo Nicolas , Fabre Nelly , Ducros Anne , Calviere Lionel , Rousseau Vanessa , Albucher Jean François , Olivot Jean-Marc , Bonneville Fabrice , Viguier Alain
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate the frequency, distribution, and clinical associations of the dilated appearance of cerebral cortical veins, termed cortical veins sign on T2*-weighted gradient recalled-echo (T2*-GRE) in the acute setting of migraine with aura attack in adult patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 consecutive patients admitted for acute neurological symptoms with a final diagnosis of migraine with aura (42%) or probable migraine with aura (58%) who underwent emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging and 60 non-migrainous control adults. The cortical veins sign was defined as a marked hypo-intensity and/or an apparent increased diameter of at least one cortical vein. We examined the prevalence, the spatial distribution, and the associations of cortical veins sign with clinical characteristics of migraine with aura.

Results

We detected the cortical veins sign in 25 patients (42%) with migraine with aura, compared to none in the control group ( p < 0.0001). The spatial distribution of cortical veins sign was characterised by the predominantly bilateral and posterior location. Presence of cortical veins sign was associated with increased severity of aura ( p = 0.05), and shorter delay to MRI ( p = 0.02).

Conclusion

In the setting of acute neurological symptoms, the presence of cortical veins sign is frequent in patients with migraine with aura and can be detected with good reliability. This imaging marker may help clinicians identify underlying migraine with aura.
Mutation screening and association analysis of NOTCH3 p.R544C in patients with migraine with or without aura
Authors: Wang Yen-Feng , Liao Yi-Chu , Tzeng Yi-Shiang , Chen Shih-Pin , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Fuh Jong-Ling , Chen Wei-Ta , Lai Kuan-Lin , Lee Yi-Chung , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: March 2022

Background

The role of the NOTCH3 p.R544C variant, the predominant variant of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy in multiple East Asian regions, in migraine is unknown.

Methods

Migraine patients (n = 2,884) (2,279F/605M, mean age 38.8 ± 11.7 years), including 324 (11.2%) with migraine with aura, were prospectively enrolled by headache specialists according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. These patients and 3,502 population controls free of stroke, dementia, and headache were genotyped for NOTCH3 p.R544C by TaqMan genotyping assay or Axiom Genome-Wide TWB 2.0 Array. Clinical manifestations and brain magnetic resonance images were examined and compared between migraine patients with and without NOTCH3 p.R544C.

Results

Thirty-two migraine patients (1.1%) and 36 controls (1.0%) harbored the p.R544C variant, and the percentages were comparable among migraine patients without and with aura, and controls (1.2%, vs. 0.6% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.625). Overall, migraine patients with and without the p.R544C variant had similar percentages of migraine with aura, headache characteristics, frequencies and disabilities. However, those with p.R544C were less likely to have pulsatile headaches (50.0% vs. 68.2%, p = 0.028), and more likely to have moderate to severe white matter hyperintensities in the external capsule (18.8% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.006) and anterior temporal lobe (12.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that NOTCH3 p.R544C does not increase the risk of migraine with aura, or migraine as a whole, and generally does not alter clinical manifestations of migraine. The role of NOTCH3 variants, as well as potential influences from ethnicity or modifier genes, in migraine needs to be further clarified.
Emerging Practices in Multimodal Design and Performance Measurement: Review of Recent Literature and Practical Documents
Authors: Khedri Borna , Malarkey Daniel , MacKenzie Don
Published: March 2022

This paper summarizes the state of the knowledge and practice for multimodal design and the use of multimodal performance measures in transportation projects. The traditional auto-centric approach to transportation performance measurement is reviewed before turning to recent efforts to design and evaluate projects across multiple modes. Approaches to developing multimodal level of service (MMLOS) measures, including the differences between supply- and demand-based performance measures, are reviewed and how these measures can integrate into the design process summarized. Five U.S. state Departments of Transportation are identified as multimodal practice leaders and a review of their design processes is provided to benchmark the state of the practice. It is found that, compared with traditional approaches, modern best practice for multimodal projects engages a broader range of stakeholders in project design, considers a wider range of alternatives, and allows for more design flexibility to match a solution to its specific context. The literature and current practice have not yet standardized on a single approach or list of performance measures to fit all multimodal projects. Rather, today’s multimodal design processes employ a suite of performance measures that address the competing stakeholder interests involved in a solution and allow them to see the tradeoffs among competing goals.
Design Considerations for a Permanent Granular Subbase Under Concrete Pavements: Stability, Drainability and Durability Requirements
Authors: Qamhia Issam I. A. , Tutumluer Erol , Shoup Heather , Rowden LaDonna
Published: March 2022

Subbase layers under concrete pavements play several functional roles in providing a uniform support, minimizing pumping potential, facilitating drainage, and minimizing adverse effects of erodible and problematic subgrade soils. This paper presents a design alternative for a daylighted granular subbase that provides uniformity, drainability, stability, and durability for jointed plain concrete pavements in Illinois. The performance trends of concrete pavements with unbound granular layers in Illinois were first evaluated. Several case studies of well-performing concrete pavements with granular subbases, high traffic levels, and low distress levels and severity were observed. Next, the practices of surrounding states were evaluated, and several Midwestern states were found to regularly use unbound granular layers under concrete pavements with no negative performance implications. Based on the case study reviews and evaluations, a stable, drainable, and durable daylighted granular subbase design is recommended for traffic levels up to 10 million equivalent single axle loads. Stability of the functional and structural layer is ensured by limiting the ratio of gravel-to-sand fractions in the aggregate mix ranging from 1.3 to 1.9. Drainability requirements are met by limiting the percentage of fines passing the No. 200 sieve (0.075 mm) to 4% and maintaining the quality of drainage at least in fair condition based on the time required to drain 50% of the water. Lastly, a geotextile fabric is recommended for use below the granular subbase for separation to ensure drainability and maintain durability, or structural integrity, of the granular subbase throughout its design life.
Development of a Performance-Based Approach to Asphalt Emulsion Selection for Cold In-Place Recycling Applications
Authors: Casillas Sadie , Braham Andrew F.
Published: March 2022

Asphalt emulsions are currently selected based on material classification. These properties do not predict performance and provide the same classification to emulsions that behave quite differently in the field. Therefore, this research developed a performance-based approach to asphalt emulsion selection for cold in-place recycling (CIR) applications. The performance period was broken down into three categories: workability, compactibiltiy, and cohesion gain. Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) metrics, the loose triaxial-, raveling-, direct shear-, and compacted triaxial tests were used to quantify the behavior of three CSS-1h asphalt emulsions. It was found that the final density and the CIR workability engergy index SGC compaction metrics showed the most promise, whereas the Dongre workability test was found to have potential. The loose triaxial test was able to distinguish the performance of the three asphalt emulsion at 100 and 200 kPa confining pressures, but the results were not consistent with viscosity measurements. The raveling test showed high levels of variability, whereas the direct shear- and compacted triaxial tests showed similar trends and were able to distinguish between the three emulsions. Finally, for all tests, curing samples at 10°C is recommended.
Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to Long Photoperiods of High-Latitude Summers Is Facilitated by the ls-Timeless Allele
Authors: Deppisch Peter , Prutscher Johanna M. , Pegoraro Mirko , Tauber Eran , Wegener Christian , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte
Published: March 2022

Circadian clocks help animals to be active at the optimal time of the day whereby for most species the daily light-dark cycle is the most important zeitgeber for their circadian clock. In this respect, long arctic summer days are particularly challenging as light is present almost 24 h per day, and continuous light makes the circadian clocks of many animals arrhythmic. This is especially true for the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which possesses a very light-sensitive clock. The blue-light photoreceptor Cryptochrome (CRY) and the clock protein Timeless (TIM) are the light-sensitive components of the circadian clock and are responsible for constant light-induced arrhythmicity even at very low light intensities. Nevertheless, D. melanogaster was able to spread from its tropical origin and invade northern latitudes. Here, we tested whether a natural polymorphism at the timeless ( tim) locus, s-tim and ls-tim, helped adaptation to very long photoperiods. The recently evolved natural allele, ls-tim, encodes a longer, less light sensitive form of TIM (L-TIM) in addition to the shorter (S-TIM) form, the only form encoded by the ancient s-tim allele. ls-tim has evolved in southeastern Italy and slowly spreads to higher latitudes. L-TIM is known to interact less efficiently with CRY as compared with S-TIM. Here, we studied the locomotor activity patterns of ~40 wild s-tim and ls-tim isofemale lines caught at different latitudes under simulated high-latitude summer light conditions (continuous light or long photoperiods with 20-h daily light). We found that the ls-tim lines were significantly more rhythmic under continuous light than the s-tim lines. Importantly, the ls-tim lines can delay their evening activity under long photoperiods, a behavioral adaptation that appears to be optimal under high-latitude conditions. Our observations suggest that the functional gain associated with ls-tim may drive the northern spread of this allele by directional selection.
The Association of Mental Health, Asthma Control and Acute Care Visits Among Rural Adolescents with Poorly Controlled Asthma
Authors: Castiblanco Maya R. , Kingston Sharon , Zhao Yihong , Céspedes Amarilis , Smith Powell Jennifer , Bruzzese Jean-Marie
Published: March 2022

Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with asthma-related acute care utilization. Few studies include rural adolescents. Asthma control may be the mechanism by which mental health affects acute care. This study explored associations between generalized anxiety, asthma-related anxiety, depressive symptoms, and acute care visits, and tested if asthma control mediates these associations among 197 rural adolescents with asthma. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and regression. Controlling for age, sex and race/ethnicity, asthma-related anxiety was associated with higher odds of acute care visits ( OR = 2.09, 95% CI [1.42, 3.07]). Asthma control mediated this relationship: one unit increase in anxiety, on average, increased the odds of having any acute care visit by 5%. Generalized anxiety and depressive symptoms were not associated with acute care visits. Helping adolescents reduce their concerns regarding asthma while improving their self-management skill may potentially to reduce acute care among rural adolescents.
Ceftaroline: Systematic Review of Clinical Uses and Emerging Drug Resistance
Authors: Abate Getahun , Wang Grace , Frisby Jared
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess the success rates of off-label uses of ceftaroline for infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and evaluate emerging ceftaroline resistance.

Data Sources

We queried PubMed/MEDLINE, with the search term “Ceftaroline.” Articles were restricted to the English language and year of publication (January 1, 2009-January 31, 2022).

Study Selection and Data Extraction

Clinical trials, observational studies, and case reports that reported efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, use in MRSA infections other than acute bacterial skin infection and community-acquired pneumonia, and ceftaroline resistance were selected.

Data Synthesis

The search pooled 103 publications and all abstracts were reviewed. Forty-six articles that reported efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, or off-label use in multiple patients and 7 articles on ceftaroline resistance are used in this review. Ceftaroline has been approved for treatment of acute skin/soft tissue infection and community-acquired pneumonia. Ceftaroline’s efficacy in off-label infections ranged from 66.7% to 87.3% depending on the types of infection. There were 14 documented cases of ceftaroline resistance associated with PBP2a changes.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical practice

Case series and observational studies have documented success with ceftaroline alone or in combination with vancomycin or daptomycin for treatment of MRSA bone and joint, endovascular, diabetic foot infections, and bacteremia from other causes.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of randomized controlled trials, ceftaroline is used as salvage therapy for different MRSA infections. The data from case series and observational studies are promising but ceftaroline should be used judiciously as ceftaroline-resistant MRSA begin to emerge.
Scenes From Masked and Anonymousi
Authors: Denzin Norman K.
Published: March 2022

The title of Bob Dylan’s 1971 movie Masked and Anonymous provides a framework for reading the function of masks in the midst of the COVID-19 crisis.
Stop posterior wall puncture of the arteriovenous graft (AVG). New findings of cannulation techniques from a prospective observational study with an AVG model and plastic cannula for dialysis
Authors: Kimura Go , Matsuyama Takuya , Mizuno Yuki
Published: March 2022

Background:

Posterior wall puncture of the AVG causes serious vascular access complications, but there is no concrete technical recommendation for AVG cannulation with plastic cannula. The purpose of this study is to identify cannulation techniques to reduce posterior wall puncture of the AVG using plastic cannula.

Methods:

Sixty-three hemodialysis nurses’ cannulations on experimental models were recorded and included in this study. Cannulations were conducted on AVG and AVF models with a plastic cannulation needle. We analyzed the angle of the needle, the motion of the needle, and the location of the needle in the graft lumen.

Results:

The occurrence of posterior wall puncture of the AVG model was 22.2%. The cannulation angles in the AVG model were greater than those in the AVF model ( p < 0.05). In the posterior wall puncture group of the AVG model, after the tip of the needle had reached into the graft lumen, the angle of the needle was not flattened ( p < 0.05) and the outer sleeve of the needle was not inserted into the graft ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, posterior wall puncture of the AVG model were observed in the group with less than 5 years of dialysis nursing experience ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

From this study, after the tip of the needle had reached into the graft lumen, flattening the angle of the needle and inserting the outer sleeve of the needle into the graft were suggested as specific cannulation techniques to reduce posterior wall puncture of the AVG. Furthermore, this study also suggests the importance of cannulation technique education for new dialysis nurses to reduce cannulation-caused complications.
Individual variations in British humour appreciation among Chinese–English bilinguals: Role of socialisation and acculturation
Authors: Chen Xuemei , Zhang Tiefu
Published: March 2022

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

The primary aim of this study is to investigate individual differences in the appreciation of humour in an L2 with a special focus on British humour. It examined the predictive effects of variables including sociobiographical factors, linguistic profiles, domain-specific communication, and degree of acculturation on L2 (British) humour appreciation among late Chinese–English bilinguals.

Design/methodology/approach:

This study adopted a quantitative approach and used a video-embedded online questionnaire for data collection. A total of 131 UK-based late Chinese–English bilinguals rated the funniness of two short extracts from British sitcoms and answered questions regarding sociobiographical, linguistic, domain-specific communication, and cultural factors.

Data and analysis:

Funniness rating scores were calculated for each participant and for each humour extract. Spearman’s rho correlation analysis was used to find out the correlations between funniness ratings and different variables. Other non-parametric statistical tests such as Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test were run to compare the differences between variables.

Findings/conclusions:

Chinese–English bilinguals who were more frequently engaged in humour-specific communication with friends and L1 speakers of British English and acculturated to a higher level tended to perceive L2 (British) humour funnier.

Originality:

The study highlights the role of humour socialisation and acculturation, along with L2 proficiency, in the appreciation of L2 humour. Sociobiographical factors associated with the appreciation of L1 humour may not necessarily predict the appreciation of humour in an L2.

Significance/implications:

The study contributes to the literature on the predictive factors for the domain of humour in an L2 among bilinguals and offers implications for both the field of bilingualism and humour.
Clinical communication in orthodontics: Any questions?
Authors: Stonehouse-Smith Daniel , Pandis Nikolaos , Bister Dirk , Seehra Jadbinder
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To measure patient-perceived standards of clinician communication and identify elements of deficient performance. Good communication can improve the quality of care, patient satisfaction and compliance with treatment.

Design:

Cross-sectional questionnaire service evaluation.

Setting:

Two university dental hospital orthodontic departments.

Participants:

Any patients aged 10 years and over attending the orthodontic department for treatment or consultation were eligible for inclusion. Patients who required third-party translation services were excluded.

Methods:

Clinicians provided the modified 15-item Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) to up to five patients in a clinical session. A front sheet for clinician characteristics was used and anonymised with a unique identifier. Univariable logistic GEE models examined associations among responses and clinician characteristics.

Results:

There were 55 clinicians with 204 patient responses. The overall percentage of ‘5=excellent’ ratings was 88% (SD 0.16). The lowest scoring item was ‘encouraged me to ask questions’ (55.8%). Based on clinician characteristics, there were lower odds of an excellent response for certain CAT items. There were higher odds of an excellent response if English was not the clinician’s first language (1.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.00–1.09; P=0.03).

Conclusion:

There is a high standard of patient–clinician communication in the hospital orthodontic setting. Key areas of communication that require attention include encouraging patients to ask questions, talking in terms they can understand, recognising their main concerns and involving them in the decision-making process. The results of this study can be used to inform communication skills training and be replicated in similar dental settings (primary and secondary care) as part of quality improvement.
Sports-based Entertainment and Crime Evidence from Football Games in Brazil
Authors: Masiero Ilaria
Published: March 2022

I investigate the relationship between sports-based entertainment and crime using nine years of hourly data on robberies and thefts by police district in São Paulo linked to information on 430 football matches. Results report a citywide voluntary incapacitation impact and a local spatial concentration effect. Robberies significantly drop during matches, especially high-audience ones. Around the stadiums, this effect is outweighed by that of concentration. While I find no evidence of spatial displacement, temporal displacement is at play, with offenses being moved up to pre-game time. I show that the game-crime link is likely deployed through potential criminals rather than victims.
Academic Integrity and Human Resource Development: Being and Doing
Authors: Werner Jon M.
Published: March 2022

Academic integrity is addressed, with a particular focus on the field of human resource development. Academic integrity can be connected to ideal values such as honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage. Key sources pertaining to academic integrity are presented, along with “areas of concern” highlighted by recent research. Some of the available resources pertaining to academic integrity are listed, along with a final call to action, including a call to “integrous living.”
Sport Participation and Subjective Outcomes of Health in Middle-Aged Men: A Scoping Review
Authors: Blake Henry T. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Stenner Brad J. , O’Connor Edward J. , Burgess Shane A. , Crozier Alyson J.
Published: March 2022

Although sport participation is intrinsically motivating and improves the physical health of middle-aged men, its influence on subjective health measures, such as health-related quality of life, self-rated health, or well-being is unclear. The purpose of this scoping review was to describe the existing literature that has assessed male sport participants and their subjective health. MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched, and reference lists of included studies were pearled. Included were original peer-reviewed studies reporting a marker of subjective health in males, 35 to 54 years (average), who participated in sport. The search identified 21 eligible articles, 18 quantitative, 2 mixed-methods, and 1 qualitative, from 13 different countries. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional. A broad range of outcomes were assessed, with the most common being quality of life/health-related quality of life ( n = 6) and self-rated health ( n = 6). Most studies assessing quality of life, health-related quality of life, or self-rated health demonstrated a positive association with sport participation, while sport participation was not related to measures of life satisfaction, flourishing, happiness or global well-being; however, limited studies examined these latter outcomes. Sport participation appears to be related to better select subjective health outcomes in middle-aged men. However, most available data are cross-sectional and thus causation cannot be determined. Randomized intervention trials are required to determine whether sport participation improves the subjective health of middle-aged men.

Open Science Framework registration: https://osf.io/zypds
Reconsidering Achievement Goal Orientation for Undergraduate Honors Students
Authors: Miller Angie L.
Published: March 2022

Previous research has suggested mixed results concerning gifted populations and achievement goal orientation. This study investigated achievement goal orientation in honors and general education undergraduate students, exploring the factor structure of a commonly used assessment and looking at ability level differences using two types of statistical analyses. Responses from 8,530 students across 15 different universities indicated that the Achievement Goal Questionnaire – Revised (AGQ-R) is an adequate measure of the construct for honors and general education students. While independent samples t-tests showed that honors students are higher for several orientations, these differences disappeared in follow-up regression analyses that controlled for demographic characteristics. These results support the importance of appropriate assessment tools and inclusion of control variables when looking for differences between gifted and non-gifted populations.
Systematic Mapping Review of Orthognathic Surgery (Protocol)
Authors: Bendersky Josefina , Uribe Macarena , Bravo Maximiliano , Vargas Juan Pablo , Villanueva Julio , Urrutia Gerard , Bonfill Xavier
Published: March 2022

Study Design

This document details the planning phase of a systematic mapping review.

Objective

The objective of this mapping review is to identify, describe, and organize evidence currently available from systematic reviews and primary studies regarding different co-interventions and surgical modalities used in orthognathic surgery (OS) and their outcomes.

Methods

Systematic reviews (SRs), randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies that evaluate perioperative OS co-interventions and surgical modalities will be identified in an exhaustive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Grey literature will also be screened.

Results

Expected results include identification of all PICO questions available in the evidence regarding OS and generation of evidence bubble maps, involving a matrix of all identified co-interventions, surgical modalities, and outcomes presented in the studies. This will achieve identification of research gaps and prioritization of new research questions.

Conclusions

The significance of this review will result in a systematic identification and characterization of the available evidence, leading to a reduction in research waste and a guidance of future efforts in developing studies for unsolved questions.
Musculoskeletal disorders among the population in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Merkeb Alamneh Yoseph , Sume Bickes Wube , Abebaw Shiferaw Abtie
Published: March 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the magnitude and patterns of chronic musculoskeletal disorders among the population in East Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study with 846 recruited study participants was done using a multistage sampling technique in conjunction with a simple and systematic random sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, a semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases, and other literature were used to collect data. EpiData 3.1 was used to enter the data, which were then exported to STATA 14.0 for analysis.

Result:

The study had a response rate of 98.8%, with about 836 people out of a total of 846 expected to take part. The magnitude of musculoskeletal disorders was found to be 40.1%. Back pain was the most common musculoskeletal condition (16%) of the population, followed by osteoarthritis (10%) and other forms of arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis (8%), gout arthritis (6%)). The most common comorbidity (multimorbidity) patterns were hypertension (9.8%), diabetes (5.6%), obesity (3.9%), and others (2.2%).

Conclusion:

Almost one in four participants have at least one musculoskeletal disorder in Northwest Ethiopia. Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, and gout arthritis were the most common musculoskeletal disorders. The most common comorbidity patterns were hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and others. An in-depth investigation of the musculoskeletal burden at the national level will be critical for implementing evidence-based strategies, as well as early detection and screening, linking to health institutions, and direct interventions.