bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensões de Brand Experience no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Brito Simone Gurgel de , Oliveira Adriana Martins de , Nobre Liana Holanda Nepomuceno , Macêdo Álvaro Fabiano Pereira de , Marchetti Renato Zancan
Published: March 2017

No presente artigo teve-se como objetivo testar a escala de brand experience proposta por Brakus, Schmitt e Zarantonello (2009) em um contexto brasileiro, assim como comparar os resultados aos achados de outros estudos semelhantes já publicados. Quanto à metodologia, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo e descritivo de corte transversal, com aplicação de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e teste de Análise de Variância (Anova). A experiência de marca foi testada a partir de quatro dimensões: sensorial, afetiva, comportamental e intelectual. Foram analisadas 18 marcas experimentais por 254 respondentes. O estudo mostrou que as duas dimensões que apresentaram maior impacto na experiência de consumo foram a dimensão sensorial e a afetiva. Percebeu-se que as marcas que apresentaram menor grau de diferenciação são aquelas de pouco valor agregado e/ou consumo imediato. As marcas que são conhecidas por conferir um determinado grau de status ao consumidor (com exceção da Ray-Ban), como veículos, itens de vestuário e eletrônicos foram categorizadas como altamente diferenciadas. As marcas únicas foram aquelas com forte apelo sensorial e/ou afetivo, como O Boticário, Nestlé, Ray-Ban e Google.Palavras-chave: Marketing experiencial. Marcas. Brand experience.
Medicinal Plant Remedies for Dermatological Problems
Authors: Thakur Sweta , Sidhu M. C.
Published: March 2017

Present study has been undertaken to document the medicinal plants used to take care of various dermatological problems such as cuts, burns, itching, abscesses, allergies etc. in district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh (India). A total of 1000 respondents were contacted to gather this information using a semi structured questionnaire. This study has highlighted the use of 168 species belonging to 148 genera and 67 families for the purpose under consideration. Most of the plants were herbs followed by shrubs, trees, climber and liana. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part. Medicinal preparations include paste, juice, powder etc. It indicates that the respondents have sound knowledge about the medicinal plants and their utility.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Skin problems, Medicinal potential, Plant species, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.        
Em busca de parâmetros de avaliação da formação contínua de professores do ensino fundamental para o desenvolvimento da information literacy
Authors: Belluzzo Regina Célia Baptista , Kerbauy Maria Teresa Miceli
Published: March 2017

Apresentam-se padrões e indicadores de competência em informação para serem aplicados em contextos informacional e educacional. Isso requer reflexão, questionamentos, discussão e os resultados deverão ser usados para o planejamento de estratégias visando ao estabelecimento de política que esteja em conformidade com os interesses e necessidades dos bibliotecários e educadores brasileiros inseridos na atual Sociedade do Conhecimento.
A saúde nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais: considerações a partir dos manuais de higiene
Authors: Hespanhol Bassinello Greicelene Aparecida
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem o objetivo de expor algumas reflexões sobre os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, especificamente o tema transversal relacionado à saúde partindo de um breve histórico acerca dos manuais de higiene. O Ministério da Saúde ressalta o período escolar como fundamental para a promoção da saúde, já que as crianças e jovens que se encontram nas escolas vivem a oportunidade de obter cada vez mais a adequação de hábitos e atitudes que vão sendo revistos, dependendo da idade. Delimitamos como objeto de estudo os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, que é o instrumento utilizado hoje para nortear o trabalho dos professores em relação à educação e saúde e o Ministério não dispõe de programa específico para o escolar.Em termos de metas a serem atingidas, enquanto o movimento higienista buscava legitimar uma categoria, o PCN é um instrumento de uma política educacional que consagrou uma intervenção na organização e cultura escolar.Conclui-se que a educação em saúde no âmbito do escolar deveria ser um processo interdisciplinar envolvendo os setores de saúde e educação.
The Open Access Interviews: Sir Timothy Gowers and Clifford Lynch
Authors: Poynder Richard
Published: March 2017

This is a print version of two interviews I posted on my blog in 2016 as part of a series entitled The Open Access Interviews.

The first interview is with Cambridge mathematician Sir Timothy Gowers. In 2012 Gowers called for a boycott of the scholarly publisher Elsevier, and in 2106 he started an overlay journal called Discrete Analysis to demonstrate that a high-quality mathematics journal could be inexpensively produced outside of the traditional academic publishing industry.

The second interview is with Clifford Lynch, the director of the Washington-based Coalition for Networked Information (CNI). This interview covers the past, present and possible futures of the Institutional Repository (IR).

Both interviews are preceded with a lengthy introduction.

I have also included in this booklet my response to some of the comments the interview with Clifford Lynch sparked.
Spatially Correlated Time Series and Ecological Niche Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Afghanistan
Authors: Adegboye Oyelola A. , Adegboye Majeed
Published: March 2017

Leishmaniasis is the third most common vector-borne disease and a very important protozoan infection. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most common types of leishmaniasis infectious diseases with up to 2 million occurrences of new cases each year worldwide. A dynamic transmission multivariate time series model was applied to the data to account for overdispersion and evaluate the effects of three environmental layers as well as seasonality in the data. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling was used to investigate the geographical suitable conditions for cutaneous leishmaniasis using temperature, precipitation and altitude as environmental layers, together with the leishmaniasis presence data. A retrospective analysis of the cutaneous leishmaniasis spatial data in Afghanistan between 2003 and 2009 indicates a steady increase from 2003 to 2007, a small decrease in 2008, then another increase in 2009. An upward trend and regularly repeating patterns of highs and lows was observed related to the months of the year which suggests seasonality effect in the data. Two peaks were observed in the disease occurrence-- January to March and September to December -- which coincide with the cold period. Ecological niche modelling indicates that precipitation has the greatest contribution to the potential distribution of leishmaniasis.
Evaluation of the Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs): Cellular, Molecular and Systems Biological Approaches
Authors: Abu-Elmagd Muhammad , Alghamdi Mansour A , Shamy Magdy , Khoder Mamdouh I , Costa Max , Assidi Mourad , Kadam Roaa , Alsehli Haneen , Gari Mamdooh , Pushparaj Peter Natesan , Kalamegam Gauthaman , Al-Qahtani Mohammed
Published: March 2017

Particulate matter (PM) contains heavy metals that affect various cellular functions and gene expression associated with an array of acute and chronic diseases, in humans. However, their specific effects on the stem cells remain unclear. Here, we report the effects of PM collected from Jeddah city on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on proliferation, cell death, related gene expression and systems biological analysis aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms. Two different sizes (PM2.5-10) were tested in vitro at various concentrations (15 to 300 µg/ml) and durations (24 to 72 h). PMs induced cellular stress including membrane damage, shrinkage and death. Lower concentrations of PM2.5 increased BM-MSCs proliferation, while higher concentrations decreased it. PM10 decreased BM-MSCs proliferation in a concentration-dependant manner. The X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometric analysis showed that PM contains high levels of heavy metals. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and hierarchical clustering analyses showed that heavy metals were associated with signalling pathways involving cell stress/death, cancer and chronic diseases. qRT-PCR results showed differential regulation of the apoptosis genes (BCL2, BAX); upregulation of inflammation associated genes (TNF-a and IL-6) and downregulation of cell cycle regulation gene (P53). We conclude that PM could affect different cellular functions and predispose to debilitating diseases.
Business Intelligence and Analytics: Paving way for Operational Excellence in Indian Banks
Authors: Mishra Rekha
Published: March 2017

India’s banking industry is undergoing through a phase of major transformation, with entry of more players in an already competitive environment and as a result one common theme being seen across banks in India is increased adoption of business intelligence (BI) and analytics to drive their overall profitability. Can Business Intelligence and analytics assist in resolving some of the issues faced by modern day banks in India? This study explored Business Intelligence and Analytics application in Indian Banks using focused interviews, press release, bank website review and case study analysis. The study found tools and technologies being used and various areas of BI application in banks. It also found the areas in need of improvement, issues and challenges faced by Indian Banks in their BI and analytics implementation agenda. It is hoped that this study will serve as a knowledge base about BI and analytics in Indian bank and would assist managers, decision makers and researcher in making better informed decision. The study also provides the scope for further research in the role of Business Intelligence and Analytics in Indian Banking system.
Favorable Clinical and Radiographic Results of Transtrochanteric Anterior Rotational Osteotomy for Collapsed Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture of the Femoral Head in Young Adults
Authors: Sonoda Kazuhiko , Motomura Goro , Ikemura Satoshi , Kubo Yusuke , Yamamoto Takuaki , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: March 2017

Background:

Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (SIF) occurs infrequently in young adults. As the collapsed SIF lesion is usually located at the anterior portion of the femoral head, young adults with SIF are considered to be candidates for transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy, similar to patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ON). In the present study, we assessed the clinical and radiographic results of anterior rotational osteotomy for the treatment of SIF as compared with ON.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 28 consecutive patients who underwent anterior rotational osteotomy for the treatment of unilateral SIF (7 patients) or unilateral ON (21 patients). The mean duration of follow-up was 3.7 years (range, 2.0 to 6.2 years). Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed with use of the Harris hip score (HHS), sequential radiographs, and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) with 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate performed 5 weeks after surgery.

Results:

The mean HHS (and standard deviation) in the SIF group improved significantly from 51.6 ± 11.7 preoperatively to 91.9 ± 7.1 at 1 year after surgery and to 96.9 ± 3.8 at the time of the latest follow-up (p = 0.0010 and 0.0002, respectively). Similarly, the mean HHS in the ON group improved significantly from 52.4 ± 13.7 preoperatively to 80.7 ± 10.0 at 1 year after surgery and to 88.2 ± 12.6 at the time of the latest follow-up (p < 0.0001 for both). The HHS was significantly higher in the SIF group than in the ON group at 1 year after surgery (p = 0.019), but there was no significant difference between the groups at the time of the latest follow-up (p = 0.10). A postoperative intact ratio (calculated as the intact area of the femoral head divided by the weight-bearing area of the acetabulum on an anteroposterior radiograph) of >80% was achieved in association with smaller femoral neck-shaft varus angles in the SIF group (10.0° ± 4.2°) as compared with the ON group (15.3° ± 8.2°). Postoperative progression of collapse at the anteriorly rotated subchondral lesion was observed in 5 patients (23.8%) in the ON group but no patients in the SIF group. SPECT/CT images showed that rate of increased tracer uptake at the collapsed lesions in the SIF group was significantly higher than that in the ON group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

The present study suggested that the absence of progression of collapse and a sufficient postoperative intact ratio without the need for marked varus realignment may be associated with favorable results following anterior rotational osteotomy for the treatment of SIF in young adults.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Topsoil Thickness Effects on Corn, Soybean, and Switchgrass Production on Claypan Soils
Authors: Conway Lance S. , Yost Matt A. , Kitchen Newell R. , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Thompson Allen L. , Massey Raymond E.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Grain relative yield increased with depth to claypan, while switchgrass relative yield was unaffected.

Grain yield was twice as temporally variable as switchgrass yield.

Grain crops generally were more profitable than switchgrass across depth to claypan.

Switchgrass has the capacity to reduce yield variability caused by depth to claypan.

Diminished topsoil thickness, or depth to claypan (DTC), is a major cause of yield and profit depression in corn (Zea mays L.) and to a lesser extent in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production on claypan soils in the U.S. Midwest. Perennial grasses, such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), may be more resilient to reduced DTC than grain crops. Therefore, a study was conducted on a Missouri claypan soil to compare production and profitability of switchgrass grown for bioenergy to corn and soybean grain over varying DTC. Corn, soybean, and switchgrass yield were measured from 2009 to 2015 on plots constructed with DTC representative of those found on claypan landscapes. Yield, annual by‐crop relative yield (RY), yield coefficient of variation (CV), and return to land and management (net return) were evaluated by year, within wet and dry year categories, and across all years. Results indicate that corn and soybean RY across years increased to a maximum of 82 and 79% at DTC of 32 and 21 cm, respectively. Switchgrass RY was unresponsive and averaged 72% across DTC. Corn, soybean, and switchgrass yield CV averaged 46, 35, and 17%, respectively. Corn and switchgrass net return increased with DTC to a maximum of US$386 and $134 ha−1 at DTC of 31 and 32 cm, respectively, while soybean net return averaged $634 ha−1 across DTC. In general, switchgrass yield was less variable than grain production across DTC, and switchgrass could compete economically with corn on shallow DTC (<3 cm).
Field Design Factors Affecting the Precision of Ryegrass Forage Yield Estimation
Authors: Sripathi Raghuveer , Conaghan Patrick , Grogan Dermot , Casler Michael D.
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

The row‐column designs were 36% more efficient than the randomized complete block designs.

The impact of block size and number of replicates on trial precision was dependent on block shape.

Increasing number of replicates decreased LSD only in wider blocks compared to narrow blocks.

Field‐based agronomic and genetic research relies heavily on data generated from field trials. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize the precision of yield estimates in cultivar evaluation trials. Experimental error in yield trials is sensitive to several factors, some of which are classified as experimental design factors (i.e., plot size, block size, and number of replicates). The objective of this study was to conduct a retrospective case‐study analysis of long‐term perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot], and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium boucheanum) forage yield trials to quantify the effects of block size, block shape, plot size, and number of replicates on trial precision. A total of 142 forage yield trials sown 2001 to 2011 across five locations by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), Ireland, were considered. The contribution of row and column sum of squares (SS) to total SS decreased with increasing block size from 6 (71% of total SS) to 33 cultivars per block (51% of total SS). Empirical estimates of LSD decreased with increasing number of replicates only for square blocks, but not for rectangular blocks. Across different block sizes from 6 to 42 plots per block, row‐column designs were 36% more efficient than complete blocks. Increasing plot size was consistently ineffective. Use of incomplete block designs would significantly improve precision for the DAFM trials. This case study provides a template by which any research with long‐term data can be used to design more efficient field trials.
Block‐Recursive Path Models for Rooting‐Medium and Plant‐Growth Variables Measured in Greenhouse Experiments
Authors: Schwinghamer Timothy , Backer Rachel , Smith Donald , Dutilleul Pierre
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas

Path analysis reveals multidirectional causal relationships in systems of variables.

Variable selection and model modification result in plausible path diagrams.

Softwood biochar water‐extractable components enhance corn P uptake and root length.

Biochar water and nutrient holding capacities positively affect corn N and Ca uptake.

WEBC and WNHC directly affect corn dry weight and K content, in opposite ways.

Searching for statistically significant and biologically relevant relationships in complex datasets is generally a difficult task, in many fields including agronomy. Path analysis is an accessible, graphical, and inferential method for multivariate data exploration, which allows for more than unidirectional causal relationships between the measured variables. Here, data from experimental rooting media, and from corn plants grown in a greenhouse experiment, are used to introduce the theory and methodology of path analysis. Block‐recursive path diagrams are hypothesized for each set of variables measured from the rooting media and the plants. A path model is hypothesized for the union of the two sets of variables. Several reciprocal relationships between rooting medium and plant variables are pointed out, which challenge the usual assumption of unidirectional causality. Besides other relationships between experimental variables, modeling the union set of variables led to the conclusion that the measurement of any of the variables from this experimental system gives information about all of the other experimental variables. The diagrams that are presented include covariances between disturbance terms, which suggest the presence of shared unmeasured causes of variation. In some other cases, such covariance indicates shared variation due to the measurement of variables with the same machine.
Autoridad moral y obediencia
Authors: Mauri Álvarez Margarita , Elton María
Published: March 2017

El concepto de autonomía moral ilustrado, que persiste en nuestros días, ha considerado a la obediencia como una conducta ciega e irracional, olvidando el carácter virtuoso que tuvo en el pensamiento de Tomás de Aquino, que asume el de Aristóteles. En este artículo se discute esa concepción ilustrada, demostrando el carácter racional de esa virtud, que ha sido afirmado por destacados autores contemporáneos, tales como Gadamer, Weil y Bochenski; como también por aquellos que en nuestra época reconocen la necesidad del binomio autoridad–obediencia para el desarrollo del autogobierno de la persona humana, tales como MacIntyre, o por Murdoch quien se refiere a las virtudes que lo facilitan.
DYNAMICS OF CYLINDRICAL TURBULENT SPOT IN A LONGITUDINAL SHEAR FLOWOF A PASSIVE STRATIFIED FLUID
Authors: Chernykh Gennadiy , Chernykh Gennadiy , Fomina Anzhella , Fomina Anzhella
Published: March 2017

A numerical model is constructed and dynamics of the cylindrical localized area of turbulent disturbances (turbulent spot) in a longitudinal horizontally homogeneous shear flow of a passive stratified fluid is studied. The results of calculations show a significant turbulent energy generation by shear flo . The problem of flow similarity with respect to the shear Froude number for sufficiently large values of this parameter is considered.
DYNAMICS OF CRYSTAL LATTICE WITH NON-TETRAEDRICAL SITE IN KEATING MODEL
Authors: Gordienko Aleksey , Gordienko Aleksey , Gordienko Kirill , Gordienko Kirill , Kopytov Anatoliy , Kopytov Anatoliy
Published: March 2017

The work investigates the applicability of the Keating Model to estimation of the crystal lattice dynamics with the atomic coordination different from that of tetrahedral. The general model statement is considered in view of the long-range pattern of Coulomb interaction, software support of estimations with total consistency and accuracy assessment in terms of test systems to be standard for the Keating Model, and calculation results are given with the analysis of the crystal phonon spectrum structured like the mineral salt and fluorite. It is shown that the best choice of the model parameters will result in values for compounds of the structure above that are well consistent with experimental data, including acoustic vibration frequency range, where the Keating Model normally results in the increased values thereof.
STUDY OF VISCOSITY OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Asyakina Lyudmila , Asyakina Lyudmila , Dyshlyuk Lyubov , Dyshlyuk Lyubov
Published: March 2017

One of the steps of synthesis of biodegradable polymers is preparation of an aqueous solution of raw materials. Formulation of biodegradable films with optimum characteristics requires to undertake a separate rheological study of each aqueous solution. An essential parameter in this step is a uniform thickness, which is achieved by means of specified viscosity parameters. Viscosity of solutions depends on many parameters, among which are composition and concentration of components in a solution, solution preparation temperature, pH of the finished medium, and presence of free ions. This article describes studies and results on study of viscosity parameters of aqueous solutions of natural polysaccharides: agar-agar, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and carrageenan. For aqueous solutions of carrageenan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, viscosity was measured at 25°C. In addition, viscosity parameters were measured for 1.5% hhydroxypropyl methylcellulose solutions at 40°C and 60°C. Depending on the gel formation temperature, viscosity of agar-agar solutions was measured at 50°C or 70°C. According to the results of experiments, it was found that viscosity of 1.0-1.5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solutions is in the range of 8.0-80.0 cP. Heating to 100°C at pH 6 results in irreversible destruction of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose molecules. Aqueous solutions of agar-agar are similar to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solutions but agar-agar is able to gelate at sufficiently low concentrations (from 0.5%). Viscosity of 3.0- 5.0% carrageenan aqueous solutions varies within a wide range: 1.5-1400.0 cP. Thus, rheological properties allow to adjust viscosity of the process mixture in the production of biodegradable polymers in the desired range and in different directions.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER CLUSTERS AGAINST VARIOUS MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Rozalyonok Tatiana , Rozalyonok Tatiana , Sidorin Yurii , Sidorin Yurii
Published: March 2017

Currently, the problem of micro-organisms resistance to traditional antibiotics, which represents a serious threat to human health, is exposed to close attention. Therefore, the development of alternative antimicrobial agents, including on the basis of silver nanoparticles today becomes relevant. Substantiation of effectiveness of the cluster silver (1-10 nm) in comparison with larger silver nanoparticles is resulted. During the study of domestic and foreign experience of using a cluster of silver, basic mechanisms of its antimicrobial action were analyzed that it may have on organisms. The purpose was to comparatively study the antimicrobial activity of a cluster silver with respect to various microorganisms, including establishment of the minimum inhibitory silver concentration for the following strains: Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , Candida albicans , Aspergillus niger . The effect of various concentrations of silver clusters (from 0 to 400 ug / ml) contained in a liquid medium, on survival of cultured cells was studied. Using the method of serial dilutions, the difference in effects on silver clusters on growth and reproduction of the following microorganisms was established: bacteria (with a different structure of cell walls: gram-positive-thick-walled, capable to form endospores and gram-negative - thin- walled) and micromycetes (yeast and hyphal). An in vitro study of antimicrobial activity of the cluster silver colloidal solution taken at various concentrations and at various exposure times was carried out. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of cluster silver colloidal solution for studied bacteria were determined: opportunistic pathogenic bacterium ( Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis ) and micromycetes ( Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger ).
Assessment of personal hygiene and sanitation using a composite index among adolescent girls and their households in urban slums of Pune, Maharashtra
Authors: Jeyakumar Angeline , Ghugre Padmini
Published: March 2017

The assessment of hygiene and sanitation in urban slums is essential to identify adolescent health needs. A tool that comprised of three domains and 13 variables including drinking water index (DWI), personal hygiene index (PHI) and household hygiene index (HHI) was developed and tested among 60 households. Observations were repeated after 6 weeks. Cronbach's alpha was used to test the reliability and Inter Class Correlation Coefficient was used to assess repeatability of the questionnaire. The tool was used to assess the personal hygiene of adolescent girls (n = 565) and their household sanitation in nine slums of Pune city. Excellent reliability (α = 0.9) was obtained for four variables, two observations obtained good (α = 0.8), two scored acceptable (α = 0.7) and one scored questionable (α < 0.6) reliability. No variance was observed among four variables. DWI and PHI scores were average (between 2 and 3). About 40% of the households scored the least (between zero to one) in HHI. History of malaria was reported among 3%, one year prior to the study period and 30% minor infections were reported. The composite index developed was valid to assess hygiene and sanitation of this population. Measures to improve household hygiene would contribute to integrated approaches in improving adolescent health.
Reduction in exposure to arsenic from drinking well-water in Bangladesh limited by insufficient testing and awareness
Authors: Pfaff A. , Schoenfeld Walker A. , Ahmed K. M. , van Geen A.
Published: March 2017

This study considers potential policy responses to the still very high levels of exposure to arsenic (As) caused by drinking water from shallow tubewells in rural Bangladesh. It examines a survey of 4,109 households in 76 villages of Araihazar upazila conducted two years after a national testing campaign swept through the area. The area is adjacent to the region where a long-term study was initiated in 2000 and where households are periodically reminded of health risks associated with well-water elevated in As. Results confirm that testing spurs switching away from unsafe wells, although the 27% fraction who switched was only about half of that in the long-term study area. By village, the fraction of households that switched varied with the availability of safe wells and the distance from the long-term study area. Lacking follow-up testing, two years only after the campaign 21% of households did not know the status of their well and 21% of households with an unsafe well that switched did so to an untested well. Well testing is again urgently needed in Bangladesh and should be paired with better ways to raise awareness and the installation of additional deep community wells.
Sanitation and externalities: evidence from early childhood health in rural India
Authors: Andrés Luis , Briceño Bertha , Chase Claire , Echenique Juan A.
Published: March 2017

This paper estimates two sources of benefits related to sanitation infrastructure access: a direct benefit households receive when they have access to sanitation infrastructure, and an external benefit produced by the neighborhood's access to sanitation infrastructure. Using a sample of children under age four from rural areas of India in the Third Round of District Level Household Survey 2007–08, the study demonstrates evidence of positive direct benefits and a concave positive externality for improved sanitation and fixed-point defecation. The paper finds that a child who moves from a household without improved sanitation and a low ratio of village access to a household with improved sanitation and a high ratio of village access enjoys a reduction in diarrhea prevalence of 47 percent. From this, one-fourth of this benefit is due to the direct benefit, leaving the rest to external gains. These results hold under several robustness checks.
Decision sciences in the management of water resources: multi-criteria methods and game theory applied to the field of sanitation
Authors: Leoneti Alexandre Bevilacqua , Pires Eduardo Cleto
Published: March 2017

Due to the complexity of some managerial problems, especially those related to sanitation, academic studies have shown the need to use appropriate methods to assist in this type of decision. Within this context, this research aimed to provide a review of the literature from the field of decision sciences to the field of water resource management. It was identified in this study that the use of multi-criteria methods, including Analytical Hierarchy Process, Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical based Evaluation Technique, Multiattribute Utility Theory, Elimination et Choice Traduisant la Realité, Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, and game theory, including cooperative and non-cooperative bargaining games, are useful for creation and comparison of scenarios, reducing the time needed to reach a solution for complex problems involving a large number of criteria and agents. It also demonstrated the benefits of creating greater transparency in the decision-making process, thus increasing the potential for a solution acceptable to all the parties involved. Although still little explored, discussions of sanitation problems can and should be enhanced with the use of techniques and methods of decision sciences, and multi-criteria and game theory techniques are particularly suitable for this task.
Development of a Sanitation Safety Plan for improving the sanitation system in peri-urban areas of Iringa, Tanzania
Authors: Domini M. , Langergraber G. , Rondi L. , Sorlini S. , Maswaga S.
Published: March 2017

The Sanitation Safety Planning methodology is implemented within a cooperation project in Iringa, Tanzania. The study presents the methodology and its adaptation and use for the given context, in order to assess risks and to support stakeholders in improving the current sanitation system and validate the design of an improved one. First results of the application of the methodology, obtained in one of the four peri-urban wards of Iringa, demonstrated its efficacy and utility in prioritising risks and identifying cost-effective control measures. Risks were assessed by the use of a semi-quantitative approach, and a simplified risk assessment matrix was developed for the case study. A sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to evaluate criteria for prioritising control measures to be selected for the development of an achievable improvement plan.
A new ligandless cloud point extraction method for preconcentration of iron from natural water samples and FAAS detection
Authors: Karadaş Cennet , Kara Derya
Published: March 2017

A simple, efficient and inexpensive ligandless cloud point extraction method was developed for the preconcentration of trace amounts of iron from natural water samples, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry detection. The proposed method is based on the extraction of Fe(III) ions at pH 7.0 using the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 without the addition of any chelating ligand. The effect of parameters influencing the extraction efficiency such as sample pH, concentration of surfactant, incubation temperature and time, concentration of NaCl and sample volume were investigated and optimized. The effect of potentially interfering ions on the recovery of iron was also examined. Under optimum conditions, the detection limit (3σ) was 0.95 μg L−1 for Fe using a sample volume of 10 mL. A preconcentration factor of 20 was achieved. The accuracy of the method was checked through the analysis of certified reference materials (SLRS-5 river water, SPS-SW2 Batch 127 surface water) and spiked water samples. The percentage recovery values for spiked water samples were between 92% and 101%.
Performance evaluation of metal impregnated activated carbon composite for removal of fluoride under varying solution chemistry
Authors: Raychoudhury Trishikhi , Boindala Sriman Pankaj , Kalidindi Shreeya
Published: March 2017

The objectives of this study are to optimize the synthesis conditions of metals such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) and cerium (Ce) impregnated activated carbon composites (AC-M) for fluoride removal and to evaluate the sorption behavior of fluoride by the composite under varying solution chemistry. To achieve the objectives, several composites were prepared with different combinations of Al, Ce and Fe at different temperatures. The fluoride removal by different composites was evaluated, and the best performing composite was selected for further study. Equilibrium sorption experiments and kinetic tests were carried out. The effect of pH and the presence of different co-ions on the removal of fluoride were assessed. Based on the performances, the composites can be ranked as AC-Ce > AC-AlCe > AC-CeFe > AC-AlCeFe > AC-AlFe. The maximum sorption capacity by the AC-Ce composites is in the range of 4.1–4.6 mg/g. The equilibrium sorption follows the Freundlich isotherm model whereas the kinetics is better explained by a pseudo-second-order kinetics model (0.018–0.029 g/mg/min). The presence of bicarbonate and phosphate has a significant effect on fluoride removal efficiency. The novel AC-Ce composites have a strong buffering effect under a wide range of pH, which can make it suitable for treating drinking water.
Comparative evaluation of conventional and microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste for value recovery
Authors: Afolabi Oluwasola O. D. , Sohail M.
Published: March 2017

This paper compares conventional and microwave hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of human biowaste (HBW) at 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C as a potential technology to recover valuable carbonaceous solid fuel char and organic-rich liquor. Also discussed are the influence of HTC heating methods and temperature on HBW processing conversion into solid fuel char, i.e. yield and post-HTC management, dewaterability rates, particle size distribution and the carbon and energy properties of solid fuel char. While HTC temperatures influenced all parameters investigated, especially yield and properties of end products recovered, heating source effects were noticeable on dewatering rates, char particle sizes and HBW processing/end product recovery rate and, by extension, energy consumed. The microwave process was found to be more efficient for dewatering processed HBW and for char recovery, consuming half the energy used by the conventional HTC method despite the similarity in yields, carbon and energy properties of the recovered char. However, both processes reliably overcame the heterogeneity of HBW, converting them into non-foul end products, which were easily dewatered at <3 seconds/g total solids (TS) (c.f. 50.3 seconds/g TS for a raw sample) to recover energy-densified chars of ≈17 MJ/kg calorific value and up to 1.4 g/l of ammonia concentration in recovered liquor.
AULUS GELLIUS, NOCE ATTYCKIE Księga XX, Rozdział I
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: March 2017

Rozmowa prawnika Sextusa Caeciliusa i filozofa Favorinusa o Ustawie XII Tablic
Determining Recommendations for Improvement of Communication Skills Training in Dental Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ayn Caitlyn , Robinson Lynne , Nason April , Lovas John
Published: March 2017

Professional communication skills have a significant impact on dental patient satisfaction and health outcomes. Communication skills training has been shown to improve the communication skills of dental students. Therefore, strengthening communication skills training in dental education shows promise for improving dental patient satisfaction and outcomes. The aim of this study was to facilitate the development of dental communication skills training through a scoping review with compilation of a list of considerations, design of an example curriculum, and consideration of barriers and facilitators to adoption of such training. A search to identify studies of communication skills training interventions and programs was conducted. Search queries were run in three databases using both text strings and controlled terms (MeSH), yielding 1,833 unique articles. Of these, 35 were full‐text reviewed, and 17 were included in the final synthesis. Considerations presented in the articles were compiled into 15 considerations. These considerations were grouped into four themes: the value of communication skills training, the role of instructors, the importance of accounting for diversity, and the structure of communication skills training. An example curriculum reflective of these considerations is presented, and consideration of potential barriers and facilitators to implementation are discussed. Application and evaluation of these considerations are recommended in order to support and inform future communication skills training development.
RCTs in general practice: consider the influence of patient expectation on your recruitment strategy
Authors: Jiwa Moyez , Kanjo Epi , Dixon Jocelyn
Published: March 2017

Despite the focus on a common condition presenting frequently in general practice, our study failed to recruit the requisite numbers. The attrition rate was difficult to interpret. It is plausible that people presenting with warts to general practitioners have already decided that they need cryotherapy and are reluctant to consider alternative experimental treatments even though the evidence for effective treatment with cryotherapy is poor. Patient expectation and the perceived pressure to acquiesce to patient demands in primary care greatly affected the recruitment potential of this trial.
Out-of-sight killers—the ongoing problem with hospital gas lines
Authors: Cornwall Jon , Robinson Brian
Published: March 2017

The recent death of one neonate and injury to another due to resuscitation with nitrous oxide and not oxygen highlights the continuing risk associated with the delivery of piped nitrous oxide into hospitals. The cause of this incident was not unique, with many identical deaths and injuries occurring frequently around the world over several decades. While standards and design focus are often directed at the equipment used by clinicians, attention also needs to be directed at developing safety mechanisms throughout an entire gas delivery process to prevent ongoing tragedies associated with gas-delivery errors.
Питання анестезіологічного забезпечення в інтервенційній кардіології
Authors: Dzuba D.O. , Zhurovska Yu.M. , Loskutov O.A.
Published: March 2017

З кожним роком прогрес тільки набирає обертів, і все більше серцево-судинних захворювань лікуються із застосуванням міні-інвазивних методів. Це зумовлює стрімкий розвиток медичних технологій, упровадження нових методик лікування й діагностики у сфері кардіохірургії та інтервенційної кардіології. Незважаючи на те що в Україні удосконалилася підготовка лікарів — інтервенційних кардіологів, створений Український реєстр з інтервенційної кардіології, питання анестезіологічного забезпечення інтервенційних процедур залишається дискусійним та недостатньо вивченим. У статті наводиться огляд проблеми анестезіологічного забезпечення в інтервенційній кардіології.
The Allegory of the Cage: Foucault, Agamben, and the Enlightenment
Authors: De Boever Arne
Published: March 2017

This article reconsiders the relations between Immanuel Kant and Michel Foucault’s essays on the Enlightenment and adds Giorgio Agamben’s essay “What is an Apparatus?” to this constellation. It explores, specifically, the relations between Foucault’s definition of enlightenment and the central notion of Agamben’s philosophy: potentiality. The relation between potentiality and enlightenment is then mobilized in the article in the context of a discussion of technology in Kant, Foucault, and Agamben. What might be the relevance of the relation between Foucault’s enlightenment and Agamben’s potentiality for our understanding of technological developments today? The article engages with this question through a discussion of Foucault’s writings on the care of the self, Agamben’s theory of art, and Bernard Stiegler’s work on technology. It closes with a discussion of an artwork that stages the dramatic relation between all of these texts.
One Paradigm, Two Potentialities: Freedom, Sovereignty and Foucault in Agamben’s Reading of Aristotle’s ‘δύναμις’ (dynamis)
Authors: Bleeden David
Published: March 2017

This piece considers especially the concept of potentiality in Agamben, and how it is indebted to and present in Foucault’s thought. It draws on Aristotle to highlight important aspects of potentiality and to consider Agamben’s interpretation of it. The paper thus indicates some of the important ontological and methodological aspects of the relations between Foucault and Agamben.
Stations of the Self: Aesthetics and Ascetics in Foucault’s Conversion Narrative
Authors: Yates Christopher
Published: March 2017

Based primarily on his 1981-1982 course, The Hermeneutics of the Subject, I contend that Michel Foucault’s robust treatment of ancient models for self-salvation answers his systematic problem of a lost spiritual art of living primarily through a sustained dichotomy between the Hellenistic-Roman and Christian models of conversion. In this way his intended recovery of an aesthetic-ascetic spiritual “resistance” is accomplished through a methodology of resistance. He relies on an accelerating arrangement of polarities between the aim and practice of immanent self-return and what he takes to be the coercive discourses of transcendent self-renunciation. Though such historiography may raise questions for some readers, my aim is simply to show how, for Foucault, the dichotomizing is necessary for grounding his own understanding of the art of ”conversion.”
PLASTIC PIPE DEFECT DETECTION USING NONLINEAR ACOUSTIC MODULATION
Authors: Priyandoko Gigih , Fun Tan Siew
Published: March 2017

This project discuss about the defect detection of plastic pipe by using nonlinear acoustic wave modulation method. Nonlinaer acoustic modulations are investigated for fatigue crack detection. It is a sensitive method for damage detection and it is based on the propagation of high frequency acoustic waves in plastic pipe with low frequency excitation. The plastic pipe is excited simultaneously with a slow amplitude modulated vibration pumping wave and a constant amplitude probing wave. The frequency of both the excitation signals coincides with the resonances of the plastic pipe. An actuator is used for frequencies generation while sensor is used for the frequencies detection. Besides that, a PVP pipe is used as the specimen as it is commonly used for the conveyance of liquid in many fields. The results obtained are being observed and the difference between uncrack specimen and cracked specimen can be distinguished.
PERANCANGAN SCORE BOARD DAN TIMER MENGGUNAKAN LED RGB BERBASIS ARDUINO DENGAN KENDALI SMART PHONE ANDROID
Authors: Supegina Fina , Iklima Zendi
Published: March 2017

Smart Phone merupakan salah satu kecanggihan teknologi dibidang telekomunikasi yang didalamnya terdapat fitur-fitur yang dapat mempermudah pekerjaan manusia. Banyak sekali jenis smart phone  diantaranya adalah smart phone dengan OS Android. Smart phone Android merupakan smart phone yang mudah penggunaannya, baik untuk keperluan bisnis, pendidikan, hiburan dan lain-lain. Dengan media komunikasi, pertukaran informasi, pertukaran data dan sebagaginya akan terasa lebih mudah dan cepat. Kemajuan teknologi tersebut tentunya belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan jasmani seseorang khususnya dalam bidang olahraga. Namun kehadirannya mampu mendorong kemudahan dalam bidang olahraga tersebut. Misalnya, penggunaan sistem penskoran dan timer yang menggunakan seven segment sehingga dapat digunakan pada kondisi indoor ataupun outdoor. Score board dan timer digunakan guna mempermudah juri atau wasit menentukan score dan waktu pertandingan pada beberapa cabang olahraga. Karena diketahui setiap cabang olahraga mempunyai peraturan yang berbeda prihal mengenai sistem penskoran dan waktu nya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan suatu score board dan timer menggunakan LED RGB yang dapat dikontrol melalui smart phone android. Score board dan timer yang dibuat mampu digunakan dalam beberapa cabang olahraga seperti basket, badminton, footsal dan volley.
ANALISA POSTUR DENGAN METODE RULA UNTUK KERJA ADMINISTRASI
Authors: Torik Torik
Published: March 2017

Permasalahan yang timbul pada kerja administrasi yaitu melakukan aktivitas kerja yang monoton, antara lain memeriksa kelengkapan dokumen pengajuan permohonan izin kemudian menginput dan memproses data permohonan masuk tersebut dengan dilakukan pada posisi duduk dalam waktu lama serta mengangkut dokumen tersebut ke ruang Kasubdit yang berjarak 20 m. Pada penelitian analisa postur kerja ini akan menggunakan metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) dan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM) untuk mengetahui keluhan kaku pada bagian tubuh tertentu yang terkait dengan postur kerja yang digunakan. Dari hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan, postur kerja berdiri saat mengangkut dokumen ke ruang Kasubdit dari perhitungan RULA diperoleh skor tertinggi yaitu 7 dengan  level resiko tinggi dan diperlukan perbaikan sekarang juga, hal ini disebabkan oleh beban seberat 3 kg yang diangkut ke ruang Kasubdit dengan jarak 20 m sehingga terjadi perubahan postur kerja pada lengan atas membentuk sudut 18°, lengan bawah membentuk sudut 45°, pergelangan tangan membentuk sudut 80°, leher membentuk sudut 12° dan batang tubuh membentuk sudut 22°. Untuk pengamatan kuesioner NBM, keluhan pada pinggang terbanyak dirasakan dengan persentase sebesar 87.78% karena berada pada posisi duduk dalam waktu lama.