bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waali plural formation: a preliminary study on variation in noun class realization
Authors: Brindle Jonathan Allen
Published: December 2015

In this paper I propose a classification of Waali nouns from a variationist perspective. On the basis of a three-speaker dataset, a classification is deduced from the singular-plural forms that are found in all three idiolects. As a result, a noun class is defined as the clustering of the intersection of singular-plural pairs across speakers. The complement of the intersection corresponds to the inter-individual variation. It is defined as any differences between two individuals in the representation of at least one linguistic variable. Thus, the paper provides a perspective of describing stability and variability by both deriving a prototype based on the intersection of multi-speakers’ data, and acknowledging and accounting for inter-individual variations. The method is argued to be better suited for urban and
Dogon noncompositional constructional tonosyntax
Authors: Heath Jeffrey
Published: December 2015

Dogon DP tonosyntax can often be reduced to simple schemata of the type [T
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Silicon
Authors: Li Yudong , Reddy Ramana
Published: December 2015

Experimental and numerical investigations were carried out on synthesis of Si from SiO2 using thermal plasma reactor. Temperature profile and gas flow distribution in the thermal plasma reactor were developed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with ANSYS Fluent. The predicted temperatures are in good agreement with the experimentally measured temperatures in the reactor. Experiments were carried out at power 22.5 kw, SiO2 feed rate of 4 g/min, molar ratio of SiO2 to methane varied from 1 to 4:1. Samples from different sections of the reactor are collected and characterized using SEM and XRD. Effect of molar ratio of SiO2 to methane on the yield of Si showed that increase in molar ratio increased the Si yield. Based on the analysis of experimental and numerical results, a mechanism of thermal plasma synthesis of Si from SiO2 is proposed.
Antenatal body mass index (BMI) and weight gain in pregnancy – its association with pregnancy and birthing complications
Authors: Maier Josefine Theresia , Schalinski Elisabeth , Gauger Ulrich , Hellmeyer Lars
Published: December 2015

Overweight and obesity is a serious health risk in both developed and developing nations. It is a common finding among women in their reproductive age. Half of patients entering their pregnancy in the US have a BMI >25.0 and therefore qualify as overweight or obese. Moreover, there is a tendency towards increased weight gain during pregnancy. Studies have shown that gestational overweight is associated with complications in pregnancy and birthing as well as short-term and long-term impacts on neonatal outcome in childhood and adulthood.

Five hundred and ninety-one women visiting our tertiary perinatal center in 2014 were analyzed for antenatal BMI, gestational weight gain, as well as pregnancy outcome and complication together with neonatal weight and outcome. Pregnancy weight gain was assessed based on the IOM guidelines (Institute of Medicine) issued in 2009.

Twenty-nine percent of our population was overweight with a BMI of more than 25.0. The general weight gain was in every BMI group similar (median ranging from 12.0 to 14.0 kg). Approximately one third gained more than the appropriate amount (37%, P<0.001). Women with more gestational weight were at risk of labor induction (55.0% vs. 45.7% labor induction in total, P=0.007). Strikingly, those patients were found to have significantly higher rates of secondary cesarean section (22.4% vs. 15.4%) and decreased chances of spontaneous vaginal birth (57.5% vs. 61.4%) (P=0.008). Furthermore women with a pregnancy weight gain in excess of the guidelines gave birth to neonates with a higher birth weight (>75.centile, 28.3% vs. 21.3%, P<0.001).

Altogether, one third of the analyzed population is already overweight or obese when entering pregnancy. A higher gestational weight gain than the recommended amount was found in 37% of cases. We found an association with pregnancy and birthing complications as well as higher infant weight. This highlights the importance of preconceptive and prenatal advice, and if necessary, intervention on BMI and weight gain.
Synthesis, modification, and photo/photoelectrocatalytic degradation applications of TiO2 nanotube arrays: a review
Authors: Ge Ming-Zheng , Cao Chun-Yan , Huang Jian-Ying , Li Shu-Hui , Zhang Song-Nan , Deng Shu , Li Qing-Song , Zhang Ke-Qin , Lai Yue-Kun
Published: December 2015

Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO
Sorption of niobium on boreal forest soil
Authors: Söderlund Mervi , Hakanen Martti , Lehto Jukka
Published: December 2015

The sorption of niobium (Nb) was investigated on humus and mineral
soil samples taken from various depths of a four-metre deep forest
soil pit on Olkiluoto Island, southwestern Finland. Mass distribution
coefficients, K
d, were determined in batch sorption
tests. The steady state of Nb sorption was observed in the mineral
soil samples already after one week of equilibration, and sorption
decreased with depth from a very high value of
185000 mL/g at 0.7 m to
54000 mL/g at 3.4 m. The reason
behind this decrease is probably the tenfold reduction in the specific
surface area of the soil at the same depth range. Distribution
coefficients were clearly lower in the humus layer
(1000 mL/g). The K
d values determined in pure
water at a pH range of 4.7–6.5 were at a high level (above
55000 mL/g), but decreased dramatically above
pH 6.5, corresponding to the change in the major Nb species from the
neutral Nb(OH)5 to the low-sorbing anionic Nb(OH)6
− and
Nb(OH)7
2−. However, the K
d values in the model
soil solution were in the slightly alkaline range an order of
magnitude higher than in pure water, which is probably caused by the
formation of calcium niobate surface precipitate or electrostatic
interaction between surface-sorbed calcium and solute Nb. Among nine
soil constituent minerals kaolinite performed best in retaining Nb in
both pure water and model soil solution at pH 8, whereas potassium
feldspar showed the poorest sorption. The K
d value for
kaolinite was above 500000 mL/g in both
solutions, while the respective potassium feldspar values were in the
range of 120–220 mL/g.
Measurement of 197Au(n,γ)198gAu reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV
Authors: Vansola Vibha , Ghosh Reetuparna , Badwar Sylvia , Lawriniang Bioletty Mary , Gopalakrishna Arjun , Naik Haladhara , Naik Yeshwant , Tawade Nilesh Subhash , Sharma Suresh Chand , Bhatt Jignesh Pravinchandra , Gupta Shri Krishna , Sarode Shankar , Mukherjee Surjit , Singh Nand Lal , Singh Pitambar , Goswami Ashok
Published: December 2015

The 197Au(n, γ)198Au reaction cross-sections at the
neutron energies of 1.12, 2.12, 3.12 and 4.12 MeV were
determined by using activation and off-line γ-ray
spectrometric technique. The mono-energetic neutron energies of
1.12–4.12 MeV were generated from the 7Li(p, n)
reaction by using the proton energies of 3 and 4 MeV from
the folded tandem ion beam accelerator (FOTIA) at BARC as well as 5
and 6 MeV from the Pelletron facility at TIFR, Mumbai. The
115In(n,γ)116mIn
reaction cross-section was
used as the neutron flux monitor. The 197Au(n, γ)198Au
reaction cross-section at the neutron energies of 3.12 and
4.12 MeV are reported for the first time. The
197Au(n, γ)198Au reaction cross-sections at 1.12 and
2.12 MeV are close to the literature data of in between
neutron energies. The 197Au(n, γ)198Au cross-section
was also calculated theoretically by using the computer code TALYS 1.6
and found to be higher than the experimental data of present work and
literature data within the neutron energies of 0.8 to
4 MeV.
Effects of precure cycle on tensile and dynamical mechanical properties of carbon/benzoxazine laminates
Authors: Yu Yalin , Ye Jinrui , Zhang Boming , Qi Guocheng
Published: December 2015

Four designed precure cycles were applied to carbon/benzoxazine prepregs to realize different precure degrees. The quality of laminates in quasi-isotropic stacking sequence made from these precured prepregs was evaluated by void content. The effects of precure degree on tensile and dynamical mechanical properties of the laminates have been investigated. The dynamical mechanical properties of laminates with different precure degree were found to vary little from each other, while the static tensile properties (such as strength and modulus) were in negative correlation with the precure degree and the void content. Microstructures of different laminates after fracture show that the precure procedure contributes to an increase of interfacial strength. The availability of prepregs can be determined precisely by the established relation between the precure degree of prepregs and the mechanical properties of the laminates, which is likely to be an improvement on quality/cost optimization of composite manufacturing process.
The effect of calcium salts on air-void structure in air-entrained concrete – a statistical and simulated study
Authors: Ge Yong , Li Qinfei , Zhang Yunsheng , Xie Deqing , Monteiro Paulo J.M.
Published: December 2015

This paper analyzed the air-void system in air-entrained concrete in the presence of calcium salts and developed a new approach method, random “parking” method, for studying it. The foam index test studied indicated that the introduction of calcium salts did result in a drop in foaming power at 0.5 min, but the foam ability after 60 min was enhanced in surfactant-water solution. The Powers spacing factor in the air-entrained hardened concrete decreased gradually in the presence of CaCl2 or Ca(NO3)2. The probability density function of air-void distribution showed that the air-void size in air-entraining concrete was reduced with the addition of CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2. The random parking method developed herein was compared with the experimental Powers spacing factor, and the concept of the alternative spacing factor, defined as the average distance between the surfaces of the two nearest air voids in concrete, was used. It was indicated that the alternative spacing factor is in close proximity to the experimental Powers spacing factor.
Studying the nonlinear properties and strain-rate sensitivity of SiC short fiber-reinforced Al matrix composites
Authors: Ye Junjie , Qiu Yuanying , He Yumin , Ma Juan , Zhang Xinglong , Huang Changlong
Published: December 2015

Stress-strain analysis has been an interesting issue for the mechanical design of composite structures. In this paper, a three-dimensional mechanical model based on generalized method of cells is presented to study the thermal residual stress and loading rates influence on the mechanical responses of short fiber-reinforced (SFR) composites. The effects of the fiber shape on the elastic constant of the SFR were investigated. To verify the prediction method, the calculated elastic modulus was compared with the results of finite element method. On this basis, a unified constitutive model is used to acquire the nonlinear properties of matrix materials. For comparison, SFR composites with and without consideration of thermal residual stress influences on the nonlinear responses are both considered. The results show that the distinct difference for SFR composites can be found at an early stage of loading. Meanwhile, the thermal residual stress influences on the mechanical behaviors present two characteristic stages.
Soliton, Breather, and Rogue Wave for a (2+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Zhang Hai-Qiang , Liu Xiao-Li , Wen Li-Li
Published: December 2015

In this paper, a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, which is a generalisation of the NLS equation, is under investigation. The classical and generalised N-fold Darboux transformations are constructed in terms of determinant representations. With the non-vanishing background and iterated formula, a family of the analytical solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional NLS equation are systematically generated, including the bright-line solitons, breathers, and rogue waves. The interaction mechanisms between two bright-line solitons and among three bright-line solitons are both elastic. Several patterns for first-, second, and higher-order rogue wave solutions fixed at space are displayed, namely, the fundamental pattern, triangular pattern, and circular pattern. The two-dimensional space structures of first-, second-, and third-order rogue waves fixed at time are also demonstrated.
Improved synthesis and crystal structure of the parent 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane
Authors: Weisheim Eugen , Stammler Hans-Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: December 2015

The crystal structure and an improved synthesis of 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane are reported. The solid state structure is compared with the reported structure determined in the gas phase by gas electron diffraction (GED). 1,3,5-Trisilacyclohexane adopts a chair conformation in the solid state. The Si–C bond lengths as well as all angles of 1,3,5-trisilacyclohexane in the solid state have similar dimensions compared to the structure in the gaseous phase.
Hygrothermal Conditions in Attic Spaces of Wooden Houses with Eave Ventilation During Winter in a Mild Climate Region in Japan
Authors: Matsuoka Daisuke , Hokoi Shuichi , Saito Hiroaki
Published: December 2015

A mock-up study was conducted with a one-story test house (3.64 m by 3.64 m) with eave ventilation in a suburb of Tokyo to examine the hygrothermal conditions in an attic space. A series of measurements were conducted to clarify the effects that the vent opening area and vented wall cavity had on the hygrothermal conditions. Additionally, a hygrothermal simulation was conducted based on the results of the experiment to estimate the amount of airflow within the attic space. The main findings from the experiment and simulation results are as follows:Considering that 20 % of the upward airflow through the vented wall cavity does not contribute to ventilating the attic space, the eave space should be incorporated into the hygrothermal model in order to predict the proper size of an attic ventilation opening.The airflow (advection) between the insulation mats to the attic space was found to be 2–20 m3/h (equivalent to 0.2–2.0 times/h air exchange rate in the attic space). The average vapor flow by advection was approximately 2.5 g/m2h at night (0:00 to 6:00), and the average attic absolute humidity increased by 0.2 g/kgDA during this period.The amount of moisture absorbed and/or desorbed by the wooden materials in a daily cycle is almost the same as that absorbed by the northern and southern sheathing boards, and thus had a significant effect. It should be considered when calculating the temperature and humidity in an attic space.
GENETICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Gain and loss of function mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor and associated proteins: current treatment concepts
Authors: Mayr Bernhard , Schnabel Dirk , Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Schöfl Christof
Published: December 2015

The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is the main calcium sensor in the maintenance of calcium metabolism. Mutations of theCASR, the G protein alpha 11 (GNA11) and the adaptor-related protein complex 2 sigma 1 subunit (AP2S1) genes can shift the set point for calcium sensing causing hyper- or hypo-calcemic disorders. Therapeutic concepts for these rare diseases range from general therapies of hyper- and hypo-calcemic conditions to more pathophysiology oriented approaches such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) substitution and allosteric CASR modulators. Cinacalcet is a calcimimetic that enhances receptor function and has gained approval for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism. Calcilytics in turn attenuate CASR activity and are currently under investigation for the treatment of various diseases. We conducted a literature search for reports about treatment of patients harboring inactivating or activating CASR, GNA11 or AP2S1 mutants and aboutin vitroeffects of allosteric CASR modulators on mutated CASR. The therapeutic concepts for patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), neonatal hyperparathyroidism (NHPT), neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) are reviewed. FHH is usually benign, but symptomatic patients benefit from cinacalcet. In NSHPT patients pamidronate effectively lowers serum calcium, but most patients require parathyroidectomy. In some patients cinacalcet can obviate the need for surgery, particularly in heterozygous NHPT. Symptomatic ADH patients respond to vitamin D and calcium supplementation but this may increase calciuria and renal complications. PTH treatment can reduce relative hypercalciuria. None of the currently available therapies for ADH, however, prevent tissue calcifications and complications, which may become possible with calcilytics that correct the underlying pathophysiologic defect.
Exendin-4 promotes proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by MAPKs activation
Authors: Feng Yingyu , Su Lei , Zhong Xing , Guohong Wei , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing , Xiu Lingling
Published: December 2015

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and its receptor agonist have been previously reported to play a positive role in bone metabolism in aged ovariectomized rats and insulin-resistant models. However, whether GLP1 has a direct effect on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts or any cellular mechanism for this potential role is unknown. We examined the effects of the GLP1 receptor agonist exendin-4 on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. GLP1 receptor was detected in MC3T3-E1 cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay, revealing that exendin-4 increased cell proliferation at effective concentrations between 10−10and 10−5M. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that exendin-4 increased the mRNA expression of the differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen-1 (COL1), osteocalcin (OC), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) under osteogenic conditions. Alizarin red staining confirmed that 10−7M exendin-4 increased osteoblast mineralization by 18.7%. Exendin-4 upregulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK, with the peak effect at 1.5 h in the Western blot analysis. The use of selective MAPK inhibitors, namely PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125, blocked the effects of exendin-4 on kinase activation (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), as well as cell proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings demonstrate that exendin-4 promotes both the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 via activation of the MAPK pathway.
Protein profile screening: reduced expression of Sord in the mouse epididymis induced by nicotine inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation level in capacitated spermatozoa
Authors: Dai Jingbo , Xu Wangjie , Zhao Xianglong , Zhang Meixing , Zhang Dong , Nie Dongsheng , Bao Min , Wang Zhaoxia , Wang Lianyun , Qiao Zhongdong
Published: December 2015

Many studies have revealed the hazardous effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine exposure on male fertility, but the actual, underlying molecular mechanism remains relatively unclear. To evaluate the detrimental effects of nicotine exposure on the sperm maturation process, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analyses were performed to screen and identify differentially expressed proteins from the epididymal tissue of mice exposed to nicotine. Data mining analysis indicated that 15 identified proteins were mainly involved in the molecular transportation process and the polyol pathway, indicating impaired epididymal secretory functions. Experiments in vitro confirmed that nicotine inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation levels in capacitated spermatozoa via the downregulated seminal fructose concentration. Sord, a key gene encoding sorbitol dehydrogenase, was further investigated to reveal that nicotine induced hyper-methylation of the promoter region of this gene. Nicotine-induced reduced expression of Sord could be involved in impaired secretory functions of the epididymis and thus prevent the sperm from undergoing proper maturation and capacitation, although further experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Combinatorics of poly-Bernoulli numbers
Authors: Bényi Beáta , Hajnal Péter
Published: December 2015

The Bn(k) poly-Bernoulli numbers — a natural generalization of classical Bernoulli numbers (Bn = Bn(1)) — were introduced by Kaneko in 1997. When the parameter k is negative then Bn(k) is a nonnegative number. Brewbaker was the first to give combinatorial interpretation of these numbers. He proved that Bn(−k) counts the so called lonesum 0–1 matrices of size n × k. Several other interpretations were pointed out. We survey these and give new ones. Our new interpretation, for example, gives a transparent, combinatorial explanation of Kaneko’s recursive formula for poly-Bernoulli numbers.
New distribution records for Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) in Latin America
Authors: Haseyama Kirstern Lica Follmann , Pereira-Colavite Alessandre , De Carvalho Claudio José Barros
Published: December 2015

The geographical distribution of Muscidae from Latin America has been extended. The following eight genera, including 28 species, were collected: Cyrtoneurina (2 spp.), Cyrtoneuropsis (8 spp.), Dolichophaonia (1 sp.), Neomuscina (7 spp.), Ophyra (1 sp.), Phaonia (2 spp.), Philornis (5 spp.), and Polietina (2 spp.). New records and additional collecting data have been provided for Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica, including reference maps for the species listed.
Kontroversi Seputar Tradisi Keagamaan Popular dalam Masyarakat Islam
Authors: Syafaq Hammis
Published: December 2015

This paper deals with a controversy concerning a popular religious practice that some ‘ulama have been involved in. On this issue, the ‘ulama are divided into those who reject it and those who accept it. Those who reject it are associated with the puritan Muslims who generally argue that the popular religious practices are form of bid‘ah. Among the puritans are Ibn Taymîyah (d. 1328) and Muhammad ‘Abd al-Wahhab (d. 1791) the founding-father of Wahhabîyah school of thought in Najd, Saudi Arabia. Although the two have continuously waged an intellectual war on popular religious practices, these practices have nonetheless survived to this day.

This paper proposes an approach that might be useful to the study of popular religious practices. It contends that the controversy on this issue may in fact be used as a framework in which the validity of certain religious tradition may be evaluated. A rejection toward certain religious practices is in fact deemed necessary as long as this is not destructive to the very structure of religion.

On further note, the differences in opinion between those who reject and those who accept can actually be reconciled simply because the two have a lot in common in terms of their aims and final goals. They are not contradictive so far as the two are deemed as subjective efforts to understand the real meaning of Islam. On the ground that the two are a form of understanding, the one cannot be said as truer than the other just as the two cannot be said as representing the true teaching of the Qur’ân and the Sunnah. Nonetheless, put together the two have indeed gave a more comprehensive picture of what Islam is all about.
Islamisme dan Politisasi Agama Model PKS dalam Pilpres 2009
Authors: Muzakki Akh.
Published: December 2015

In the past decade or so, Islamism as a political concept and perhaps as an ideology has gained strong momentum in Indonesia. The fall of Soeharto after more than three decades in power has helped this ideology to emerge and exert itself particularly in the form of religion oriented political party. This paper is interested in exploring the expression and actualization of Islamism by scrutinizing the political behavior of Justice and Welfare Party (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera / PKS) during the 2009 presidential election. We are particularly interested in looking at the use of religious symbols and rites by the party for clear political purposes. We argue that Islamism has been manipulated by PKS during that election as a vehicle to gain power. Hence, the main problem that this paper deals with is actually the idea of the politization of religion by a political party claiming to have represented Islam and its noble teaching.
Peluang dan Tantangan Formulasi Metode Studi Islam
Authors: Asmawi Asmawi
Published: December 2015

In speaking of Islamic studies, we need to remember two things. First is the approach by which we elaborate certain point from certain perspective. In Islamic studies—like in any other studies—approaches vary. Different approaches would bring different conclusions. However, as long as an approach is academically sound and acceptable and meets all standards required, any conclusion resulted thereon is deemed correct and justifiable. Hence, no single conclusion is considered right while the other is wrong. Islamic studies should therefore acknowledge that academic truth is not singular but plural on the ground that there are many approaches toward many conclusions. It is this notion that we want to discuss here. We are interested in exploring the notion of intellectual truth. We hold that differences in opinion should be accepted as natural. Second is, that there is no fundamental differences in the basic value of sciences of any kinds. In other words, what is popularly known as Western science and Islamic science does not in principle differ. Science is science. There cannot be a dichotomy between Islamic or non-Islamic science. Dichotomy in science is not acceptable. Science belongs to all culture, tradition and religion. It does not know particularity. It is universal. Islamic studies should understand this, and use all tools, approaches, methodologies—albeit Western—for their improvement. It is toward these issues that this paper is destined.
Bias-bias Dikotomi dalam Buku Ajar Matakuliah Pendidikan Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Umum
Authors: Hanafi Yusuf
Published: December 2015

The kind of Islamic sciences being taught in many higher education institutes in Indonesia is that which tends to make students isolated from their world. These Islamic sciences in themselves are kind of separation from the religious and worldly, Islamic and secular. This dichotomous character had inflicted upon the students mentality, who in turn become equally dichotomous in their attitude, and way of thinking. This paper tries to explore this, and attempts to seek the best way in which the dichotomous curriculum can be replaced with the integrative one. It argues that, like the nature of Islam, religious sciences cannot be separated from the non-religious ones. The one must work hand in hand with the other so that. The paper addresses specifically the dilemmas intrinsic within the text book used by many higher religious institutes in the country called “Reorientasi Pendidikan Islam: Menuju Pengembangan Kepribadian Insan Kamil”. The book—we argue—directs the students to adopt a single identity, disregarding therefore the multi and diverse racial, religious and even cultural background of the students. The paper is simply about a warning of the danger of the implication that the book can come up.
Problematika Talfîq Mazhab dalam Penemuan Hukum Islam
Authors: Saleh Fauzi
Published: December 2015

It has been commonly argued that the Islamic law is ordained to address and preserve the interest of men. The rules and values of Islamic law are therefore in accordance with the nature of human being. And because the Islamic law is revealed for all season, as it were, it must accordingly be deeply flexible so that it may fit to all time and all space. This paper addresses this notion of flexibility that Islamic law enjoys by arguing that flexibility is a quality that Islamic law should have if it is to survive. But, it moves on, that flexibility is one thing and the ability of Muslim scholars in preserving this flexibility is something else. While by its very nature, Islamic law is flexible the methods and approaches that some Muslim scholars have developed did work on the nerve of this divine law. One of such method is talfî q, in which one would take the views of different scholars to produce a legal dictum. This method is the focus of this paper. It contends that in principle, the method is a result of the absence of the independent mind in the history of Islam. It nonetheless, does serve as a good method to produce a legal premises suitable for certain type of Muslim society. But it does not always work to preserve the flexibility of the Islamic law.
Akar Sejarah Pemikiran al-Shâtibî tentang Rukhsah
Authors: Syar’i Makmun
Published: December 2015

Al-Shatibi is known in the history of Islam as a prioner in the theory of Syari’ah. He wrote al-Muwafaqat, his magnum opus. This paper deals with this historic figure by referring to his theory concerning rukhsah; an exemption given to Muslim in performing the rites for certain and acceptable reason. The paper will look at this concept by considering the background in which it is propounded. We believe that his theory is not conceptualised out of the blue. Two key words will be used to embark on this task, namely ‘adamu al-Haraj and (tatbîq). The former is about the removing the difficulty from man, and the latter is about the application of the Syari’ah in the live of individual. By using the first concept, the paper will try to reconstruct the fact that in propounding his theory of rukhsan, al-Syatibi always keeps in mind the fact that Islam is revealed mainly to make life easy, and not vice versa. By using the second concept in the meantime, we try to show that the Syari’ah laws—rukhsah included—are revealed to apply (the application Syari’ah is not always in political context).
Penyelesaian Sengketa antara Bank Sharî‘ah dengan Nasabah Bermasalah melalui Badan Arbitrase Sharî‘ah Nasional (BASYARNAS) menurut UU No. 30 tahun 1999
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati
Published: December 2015

This study deals with dispute settlement between Bank Syari’ah and its customers through the National Shari’ah Arbitration Board (BASYARNAS). It focuses to elaborate the procedures of dispute settlement between Bank Syari’ah and its customers of financing from the perspective of Islamic law according to Bill No. 30/1999 above law No. 30 year 1999. Based on procedures as mentioned in the bill with regard to arbitration and alternative dispute resolution, Basyarnas, in proofing and resolving cases, has fulfilled the procedures and satisfied the conflicting parties with justice, so there is no need to appeal and reconsideration. This means that Basyarnas has conducted dispute resolution according to the existing procedures. The dispute settlement has also been in accordance with the Qur’ân and other Islamic legal rules which consist of the principles of power and mandate applied by the arbitrator in deciding and resolving the dispute. The board—as an independent institution—has setttled the disputes on the basis of justice for all parties, rejected the act of bribery since the cost is measurable. In addition, Basyarnas also gives strong emphasis on the principle of equality, friendship, consistence and response-bility in resolving disputes.
Comparação da quiropterofauna em área florestada e área aberta da RPPN Fazenda Bom Retiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Menezes Jr Luis F. , Duarte Ana C. , Contildes Maycon D. , Peracchi Adriano L.
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Foram realizadas dez coletas em 2013 na RPPN Fazenda Bom Retiro, sendo cinco em uma área florestada, localizada no interior da mata e outras cinco em área aberta, distante cerca de 600 m uma da outra. O mesmo esforço de coleta foi empregado nas duas áreas, e as mesmas foram realizadas sempre no mesmo dia. A área florestada se mostrou mais diversa, sendo capturados 256 morcegos, todos de Phyllostomidae, pertencentes a 14 espécies; Carollia perspicillata (n=112), Sturnira lilium(n=46) e Desmodus rotundus (n=25) foram as mais capturadas. Na área aberta foram capturados 153 espécimes pertencentes a quatro famílias, Phyllostomidae, Noctilidae, Vespertilionidae e Molossidae, sendo registradas 10 espécies; Carollia perspicillata (n=52), Desmodus rotundus (n=39) e Artibeus lituratus (n=24) foram as mais capturadas. Observou-se maior diversidade na área florestada (Hʼ 1,812), onde devem existir mais recursos e abrigos, e, consequentemente mais proteção.
Well-Being at Work Scale: Exploratory and Confirmatory Validation in the USA
Authors: Demo Gisela , Paschoal Tatiane
Published: December 2015

Abstract Given the lack of instruments to measure both affective and cognitive elements of well-being at work, the objective of this study is to look for evidence of validity in the US regarding the well-being at work scale, which was first validated in Brazil to measure employee well-being perceptions. Two studies using two different American samples of 809 participants in total were conducted for the exploratory and confirmatory validation of the scale. Construct validity was determined using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity, which was assessed using a structural equation model to determine a correlation between well-being at work and human resources management practices. This research provides a comprehensive and operationally valid measure of well-being in work settings. The three-factor model can be used as a diagnostic tool for managers who wish to identify and improve the well-being of their work teams.
Health-Related Quality of Life in patients with hepatitis C in double and triple therapy
Authors: Fagundes Raíssa Neves , Ferreira Lincoln Eduardo Villela Vieira de Castro , Pace Fábio Heleno de Lima
Published: December 2015

Abstract OBJECTIVE Comparing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) scores in patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing double and triple antiviral therapy and analyzing possible factors related to HRQoL. METHOD HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form 36 and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, which were applied at baseline and at weeks 4, 12 and 16 of treatment to 32 patients divided into two groups: double therapy with pegylated interferon (IFN-PEG) and ribavirin, and triple therapy with PEG-IFN, ribavirin and telaprevir. RESULTS The reduction of HRQoL was greater in patients receiving triple therapy compared to those treated with two drugs, the most critical time is at 12 weeks in both groups. After removal of telaprevir, the triple therapy group significantly improved their HRQoL scores. Anxiety and depression before treatment, employment status and race are significantly related to diminished HRQoL. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing double and triple therapy have diminished HRQoL indexes, but the addition of telaprevir chooses a more significant decrease.
Meanings attributed by family members in pediatrics regarding their interactions with nursing professionals
Authors: Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Xavier Daiani Modernel , Pintanel Aline Campelo , Farias Dóris Helena Ribeiro , Lunardi Valéria Lerch , Aquino Deise Ribeiro
Published: December 2015

Abstract OBJECTIVE Understanding the meanings attributed by family caregivers of children in hospital environments about their interactions with nursing professionals. METHODS This qualitative study used Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical reference and Grounded Theory as the methodological framework. It was carried out in a Pediatrics Center in southern Brazil, in the first half of 2013. Participants were 15 family caregivers of hospitalized children. Data were collected through interviews and submitted to open and axial analysis. RESULTS Interactions with the nursing team enable family to trust or distrust in the provided child care and to positively evaluate the care received. CONCLUSION Interactions between family members and the nursing team contribute to the significance attributed by the family to the nursing care received by the child. Nurses should be aware of the attitudes of the nursing team regarding the child and their family, prioritizing humanized care.
Meningiomas em cães: aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos
Authors: Marcasso Rogério A. , Moreira Jéssica R. , Valentim Larissa G. , Arias Mônica V. Bahr , Bracarense Ana Paula F.R.L.
Published: December 2015

Resumo: As neoplasias no sistema nervoso central (SNC) de animais de companhia são frequentemente diagnosticadas, no entanto dados sobre prevalência são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar retrospectivamente a ocorrência de neoplasias primárias de SNC em cães atendidos em um Hospital-Escola Veterinário e descrever aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos dos tumores mais frequentes. Quatorze casos (prevalência de 0,27%) de neoplasias primárias de SNC foram identificados no período de 1998 a 2013 e destes, 11 tiveram o diagnóstico de meningiomas. A idade média dos animais com meningioma foi 10 anos, sendo machos (7/11) e a raça Boxer (3/11) os mais afetados. Sete meningiomas eram espinhais e quatro intracranianos, sendo os principais sinais clínicos alteração na locomoção e convulsões, respectivamente. Metástase pulmonar ocorreu em dois casos. Em seis animais com meningioma espinhal foi realizada a mielografia, sendo que em um também foi realizada a tomografia. Em todos os casos os exames foram efetivos na visualização de desvio ou interrupção da coluna de contraste, com alterações sugestivas da presença de massa. Em cinco animais realizou-se cirurgia exploratória visando a confirmação da suspeita clínica ou retirada da massa, sendo que a sobrevida variou de 85 a 960 dias. Na avaliação histopatológica, os meningiomas foram classificados em transicional (4/11), meningotelial (2/11), papilar (2/11), angiomatoso (1/11), microcístico (1/11) e anaplásico (1/11). Destes, oito (8/11) apresentaram marcação positiva para tricrômio de Masson e um para vermelho congo nas técnicas histoquímicas. No painel imuno-histoquímico, todos os casos apresentaram imunomarcação positiva para vimentina, mas imunomarcação negativa para fator VIII e p53. A imunomarcação para S100 (6/11), GFAP (5/11) e pancitoqueratina (3/11) foi de intensidade variável. Na graduação histológica, dez meningiomas eram grau I e um grau III. O índice médio de proliferação celular foi de 3,2 figuras de mitose e 3,4% avaliando a expressão de Ki-67. Os resultados confirmaram que os meningiomas são a neoplasia primária de SNC mais prevalente em cães, com variação nos subtipos histológicos. A caracterização histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica contribuiu com a determinação do diagnóstico, no entanto, estudos envolvendo a expressão de outros genes são necessários para auxiliar no prognóstico dessas neoplasias.
Ultrassonografia abdominal de tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758) mantidos em cativeiro
Authors: Lopes Érika R. , Morgado Thaís O. , Meireles Yara S. , Jorge Adriano A. , Zago Arielli A.Q. , Corrêa Sandra H.R. , Paz Regina C.R. da , Néspoli Pedro B.
Published: December 2015

RESUMO: A ultrassonografia é um método de imagem não invasivo e uma ferramenta importante para o diagnóstico de uma variedade de enfermidades de animais. Neste trabalho foi realizada a técnica de ultrassonografia transabdominal em cinco tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), dois machos e três fêmeas, pertencentes ao Zoológico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso e acompanhada a necrópsia de um animal morto de causas naturais. Os animais do zoológico foram anestesiados com Tiletamina e Zolazepam (Zoletil®) e mantidos em plano anestésico com Isofluorano. Foram realizadas varreduras com transdutor linear (LA332) multifrequencial de 3,0 a 11 MHz do fígado, vesícula biliar, estômago, baço, rins, bexiga e testículos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existem semelhanças entre a arquitetura esplênica, a textura e ecogenicidade hepática, a posição e a aparência ultrassonográfica da vesícula biliar quando comparado com a dos caninos. Existem diferenças como localização renal, localização dos testículos, espessura da parede do estômago e presença de liquido livre anecóico entre o estômago, baço e rim esquerdo em todos os animais estudados.
A invenção dos recreios nas escolas primárias paranaenses: o lugar da educação do corpo, dos sentidos e das sensibilidades na escola
Authors: MEURER SIDMAR DOS SANTOS , OLIVEIRA MARCUS AURELIO TABORDA DE
Published: December 2015

RESUMO O trabalho problematiza algumas ênfases sobre a renovação da escola pública primária no Brasil, dando destaque à construção social dos recreios escolares. Analisando retóricas de autoridades no âmbito do ensino, bem como registros deixados por professores das escolas públicas paranaenses das primeiras décadas do século XX, procuramos demonstrar como o recreio, enquanto dispositivo curricular, surge de maneira informal da preocupação dos professores com o peso que a escola teria sobre as crianças até converter-se em um elemento constitutivo das normas que definiriam a organização do conhecimento no âmbito escolar. De um entendimento difuso sobre o seu significado até a sua prescrição como aspecto importante dos processos de formação, os recreios mobilizaram tempos, espaços e saberes e se articularam com outros elementos afeitos à onda renovadora da instrução que incidiriam sobre o desejo de se fundar uma nova sensibilidade que afirmava a atividade, a experiência e o trabalho ora como meio, ora como fim da educação pública primária.
Cover Crop Impact on Weed Dynamics in an Organic Dry Bean System
Authors: Hill Erin C. , Renner Karen A. , Sprague Christy L. , Davis Adam S.
Published: December 2015

Weed suppression is one possible benefit of including cover crops in crop rotations. The late spring planting date of dry beans allows for more growth of cover crops in the spring. We assessed the influence of cover crops on weed dynamics in organic dry beans and weed seed persistence. Medium red clover, oilseed radish, and cereal rye were planted the year before dry beans; a no-cover-crop control was also included. After cover-crop incorporation, common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf seeds were buried in the red clover, cereal rye, and no-cover control treatments and then retrieved 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 mo after cover-crop incorporation. Dry beans were planted in June and weed emergence and biomass measured. Eleven or more site-years of data were collected for each cover-crop treatment between 2011 and 2013, allowing for structural equation modeling (SEM), in addition to traditional analyses. Cereal rye residue increased giant foxtail and velvetleaf seed persistence by up to 12%; red clover decreased common lambsquarters seed persistence by 22% in 1 of 2 yr relative to the no-cover-crop control. Oilseed radish and incorporated cereal rye rarely reduced weed densities. When red clover biomass exceeded 5 Mg ha−1, soil inorganic N was often higher (5 of 6 site-years), as were weed density and biomass (5 and 4 of 12 main site sample times, respectively). Using SEM, we identified one causal relationship between cover-crop N content and weed biomass at the first flower stage (R1), as mediated through soil N at the time of dry bean planting and at the stage with two fully expanded trifoliates. Increasing cover-crop C : N ratios directly reduced weed biomass at R1, not mediated through changes in soil N. Cover crops that make a significant contribution to soil N may also stimulate weed emergence and growth.
Effects of foreign substances in cement mortar mixing water
Authors: Şahan Arel Hasan
Published: December 2015

This study examined the effects of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfide on fresh and hardened cement mortar. Two 410 kg/m3 dosed mortars were produced (water/cement ratios of 0·63 and 0·72). Sulfate salt solutions were prepared in different concentrations and used as mixing water. Solutions of magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfide and reference mortars were prepared with 1 l of mixing and drinking water, respectively. Mortars were produced in 26 (2 × 13) different mixtures. From each mixture, eight samples were produced for shrinkage and other tests. The workable life of the mortars was determined by vibratory table experiments. Experiments were conducted using a Vicat apparatus to determine the effects of the tested chemical substances on setting duration. For each mixture, six samples were held in water at a temperature of 20 ± 2°C until the day of testing. Bending and compression tests were then performed on samples aged 7, 28 and 90 d (two samples per age). For shrinkage tests, size changes of the two samples were measured until the 90th day of holding in a controlled environment (21°C and 55%–65% humidity). The effects of sulfate salts on fresh and hardened concrete mixes were analysed. The results revealed that magnesium sulfate was the most detrimental, but also showed that sodium sulfide increased the compressive strength.
Mechanical response of flexible pavements enhanced with geogrid-reinforced asphalt overlays
Authors: Correia N. S. , Zornberg J. G.
Published: December 2015

The use of geosynthetic reinforcements placed underneath asphalt overlays, which has been typically used to minimise problems associated with reflective cracking, is evaluated in this study as an approach to improve pavement structural capacity. Whereas geosynthetics have been used to increase the pavement structural performance when used to reinforce the base aggregate, as reported in numerous laboratory and evaluations experiments, such improvement has not been evaluated for the case of geosynthetics within asphalt layers. Accordingly, this paper presents the results of large model tests involving both reinforced and unreinforced hot mix asphalt overlays. Cyclic wheel loads were applied using an accelerated pavement test facility that was specifically developed for this research. A number of pavement sections were constructed using a polyvinyl alcohol geogrid as reinforcement inclusions. The results show a considerable increase in pavements structural performance, as quantified by reduction of strains in the asphalt concrete layers, in the vertical stresses within the pavement layers and in the resilient displacements at the wearing surface. The use of geogrid reinforcements was also found to lead to reduce rutting and permanent lateral movements in the surface layer. Overall, the use of geogrids within asphalt overlays was found to act as a reinforcement element that provide enhanced structural capacity to flexible pavements.
Segmentation of irregular porous particles of various sizes from X-ray microfocus computer tomography images using a novel adaptive watershed approach
Authors: Shi Y. , Yan W. M.
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a novel adaptive watershed algorithm for the segmentation of soil particles in X-ray three-dimensional microfocus computer tomography images. An erosion-filling-dilation technique is also proposed, which is particularly suitable for processing images of highly porous particles. An s-factor is introduced to improve segmentation quality. In the inverse Euclidean distance map of the binary image, the topography in the zone around the local minima defined by this factor is modified. By using an appropriate value of s, the catchment basins and thus the watershed lines can be more realistically defined and it therefore resolves the problem of ill-segmentation. The proposed methods are applied to assemblages composed of highly porous particles with various size distributions, from uniformly graded to well graded or gap graded. The value of s can be decided based on visual examination of the segmentation quality on a sub-volume of the entire scanned domain. It is found that an s-factor that ranged from 0·5 to 0·7 is applicable to all of the studied cases, which enables a balance between under- and over-segmentation. Particulate-scale information including particle size distribution and particle shape characteristics is evaluated from the processed images and the results are compared with other available methods in the literature. Promising results are obtained.