bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal Growth during the Solidification Process of Continuous Casting Slab
Authors: Chen Shu Ying , Jin Guang Can , Yue Xu Dong , Li Qing Chun , Chang Guo Wei
Published: August 2011

Under the condition that the solid-liquid interface bends periodically in continuous casting, the expression of solid-phase growth rate adapting to continuous casting was set up, and then the growth rates were calculated. On this basis, the morphologic of crystal growth and the variation of primary dendrite spacing during continuous casting slabs were studied. The results show that the growth rate is the fastest when solid-phase moves to wave crest within a deformation periodicity, whereas the growth rate is the slowest when the crystal moves to wave hollow. The bigger the bulge size is, the greater the variation amplitude of the growth rate will become. The variation of the growth rate results in the S/L interface to develop towards a planar surface. Because the value is much smaller than the critical value of the transformation from cells to dendrites, and the crystals only grow in the fashion of dendrites. The primary dendrite spacing at wave crest is bigger than the primary dendrite spacing at wave hollow in early stage of columnar crystal growth, and the dendrite spacing at wave crest is basically equal with the dendrite spacing at wave hollow in the late stage of solidification, and they quickly simultaneous increase. Good correlation is obtained between the experimental results and the calculation results of the dendrite arm spacing.
Web Reinforced AZ91 Composites with Enhanced Strength and Plasticity
Authors: Yang Jun Bao , Qiu Ke Qiang
Published: August 2011

Stainless steel web reinforced AZ91 alloy were fabricated by melt infiltration casting method. The mechanical properties of the resultant composites were much improved in regarding to the elastic modulus, 0.2% offset yield strength, ultimate compressive strength and the strains compared to the unreinforced counterpart. The interaction between the web and the dislocations in the matrix and the load transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement are the strengthening factors. While the wire being broken, bended and pulled out of the matrix, especially the activation of much more slip bands in the matrix, suggest that both the load transfer mechanism and the dislocations proliferation mechanism contribute to the plasticity of the composites.
Research of Shrinkage Process for Fe-0.18%C Cast Ingot during Solidification
Authors: Li Qing Chun , Wang Bo , Yue Xu Dong , Jin Guang Can , Chang Guo Wei
Published: August 2011

The testing device self-designed was used to measure the shrinkage ratio of Fe-0.18%C alloy in the length direction of cast ingot with the dimension of 200×80×100 mm. The results show that the total linear shrinkage mass of cast ingot is 0.0281 mm in the range of 4 mm near the inner surface of water-cooled crystallizer from the beginning of solidification to the end of δ→γ transformation. The shrinkage mass of δ phase and δ→γ transformation is 0.0211 mm and 0.007 mm, which is 75% and 25% of total shrinkage mass, respectively. The shrinkage rate of δ phase and δ→γ transformation is 0.45 μm·s-1and 1.45 μm·s-1, respectively. The shrinkage mass in the cross section of cast ingot is less than the free shrinkage mass observed by using a confocal laser scanning microscope.
In Situ Observation on Fracture Behavior of 800MPa Grade Dual-Phase Steel
Authors: Jin Guang Can , Chen Shu Ying , Zhao Mei , Li Qing Chun , Yue Xu Dong , Chang Guo Wei
Published: August 2011

The tensile process of 800MPa grade dual-phase steel was observed in-situ by SEM. The initiation and propagation of crack in dual-phase steel, the initiation of micro-pores, the deformation behavior of ferrite and martensite were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the main crack goes across the soft ferrite and around the hard martensite during its propagation in the beginning. When the applied stress is small, the micro-pores are easy to form inside the ferrite grain or on the interface of ferrite and martensite. The micro-pores can also form in the fracture site of martensite with the increase of applied stress. The fracture morphology of the dual-phase steel is dimple and the formation of fracture belongs to plastic fracture.
Non-Symmetrical Load Influence on Aluminum Alloy-Welded Joint Fatigue Limit
Authors: Zou Hua , Li Qiang , Sun Shou Guang
Published: August 2011

The mean stress caused by a non-symmetrical load significantly influences the fatigue limit. The fatigue limit of an aluminum alloy-welded joint is analyzed in the present paper using a stress ratio of 0.3. Our results show that the aluminum alloy-welded joint fatigue limit amplitude can be accurately converted from the mean stress using the Goodman beeline and Eurocode9 methods.
Methods of Improving Shape Memory Effect of FeMnSiCr Alloy Pipe Joint
Authors: Liu Xing Jiang , Wang Jian Zhong , Qi Jin Gang
Published: August 2011

The influence of different broaching rate, the training of thermo-mechanical cycle and Electro-pulse Modification (EPM) on the shape memory effect of the FeMnSiCr alloy was investigated. The recovery pulling force can be realized as high as 22850N after EPM treatment. The Fe-based shape memory alloy (SMA) pipe joint can meet the requirement of engineering application.
Magnesium Incorporation in Sol-Gel Derived Apatite Coating on Ti6Al4V Substrate
Authors: Qi Guo Chao , Zhang Sam , Li Qiang , Shan Feng Jun , Yu Jing Yuan , Yang Qiang Da , Zhang Qu Kai , Liu Chun Ming
Published: August 2011

A series of the magnesium apatite coatings according to (Ca10-xMgx)(PO4)6(OH)2, where x = 0 to 2, was synthesized through a sol-gel dip-coating method. The roughness of the magnesium coatings increased as more magnesium incorporated into the coatings. The mechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed with Nanoindentor. The incorporation of magnesium decreased the hardness and the Young’s modulus of the coating. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that only part of magnesium was incorporated into the apatite structure while the rest existed in the form of MgO in the coating.
Oxidation Behavior of a New Ni-Base Superalloy in Air at 850°C and 950°C
Authors: Yang Jun Bao , Qiu Ke Qiang , Lu Xu Dong , Hu Zhuang Qi
Published: August 2011

The oxidation behavior of the Ni-base superalloy was studied at 850 °C and 950 °C for 100 h in air using XRD and SEM/EDAX. The mass gain of the alloy at 850 °C was found to be lower than that of the alloy at 950 °C. The oxidation rate was determined by temperatures. The alloy obeyed a subparabolic rate law during oxidation at 850 °C and 950 °C. The scale consisted of an outer porous layer of TiO2,a middle continuous layer of Cr2O3, and inner Al2O3.
Study on Preparation of SiO2 Optical Fiber Preform by SG Method
Authors: Tang Hui , Zhang Ji Peng , Gu Feng , Wang Feng Chun , Wang Ji Hua
Published: August 2011

SiO2optical fiber preform, the parent material in manufacturing optical fiber, plays an important role in the properties of optical fiber. In this paper, SiO2dry gel was prepared by Sol-Gel method. According to this method, the gel was formed by hydrolyzing tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) with hydrochloric acid and ammonia water, and the SiO2dry gel was obtained by heat treatment of the gel at different temperature. The structure of the dry gel as prepared was characterized by X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscope(SEM). As a result, amorphous structure is proved. Meanwhile, microscopic cracks are found to be decreased by adding formamide and increased when the heat-treatment temperature is above 75°C.
Effect of BaO on Thermo-Physical Properties of Lithium Zinc Silicate Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Zhai Bin , Zhou Xiao Li , Zhai Shang Ru , Wang Zhi Qiang
Published: August 2011

Lithium zinc silicate (LZS) glasses containing Li2O–ZnO–SiO2–Na2O–B2O3–BaO–P2O5 with different BaO/(BaO+ZnO) ratios were prepared by conventional melt and quench technique and subsequently converted into glass-ceramics. The effect of BaO/(BaO+ZnO) ratio on various thermo-physical properties was investigated by changing the ratio from 0 to 0.226. The crystalline phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique on the composite glass-ceramics, including Li3Zn0.5SiO4, Li2OZnSiO4 and cristobalite phase. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) in the temperature range 70–400 oC increased from 107 × 10-7 to 141 ×10-7 / oC. The increase in expansion coefficient was associated with the formation of different phases which in turn influenced the rigidity/bonding in the glass-ceramics. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the grain size became bigger after the addition of BaO.
The PTCR Performance of Nb-Doped BaTiO3-NBT Ceramics
Authors: Li Li Zhe , Zhu Xing Wen , Xu Tie Zhu , Gong Min , Jiang Wen Zhong , Zhou Xiao
Published: August 2011

In this paper, Nb-doped BaTiO3-(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3(BBNT-Nb) based PTCR ceramic material has been prepared using high purity Nb2O5, Bi2O3, Na2CO3,TiO2and BaTiO3powders as starting materials, and its structural and electrical properties are investigated. The results indicated that the Nb2O5dopant is helpful not only to promote the formation of tetragonal BBNT structure without any second phase, but also to decrease the room-temperature resistivity. For the 0.10at% Nb-doped BBNT material with BNT content 35mol%, the properties of room-temperature resistance of 104Ω·cm, temperature coefficient (αk) of 6.3%/°C, PTCR anomaly lg(Rmax/Rmin) of 3.6 and Curie temperature (Tc) of 193°C are obtained.
The Magnetocaloric Properties of (Mn1-XFeX)5Sn3 Compounds Prepared in Magnetic Environment
Authors: Huang Jian , Xiang Jie , Zhi Ce , Wang Xue Zhen , Hou Xue Ling
Published: August 2011

The crystal structure, microstructure, Curie temperature and magnetocaloric properties of (Mn1-xFex)5Sn3 (x=0.1~0.5) alloys were studied in this paper. The alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy method with magnetic pressing and magnetic sintering. All samples crystallize in the hexagonal InNi2-type structure with space group P63/mmc. The lattice parameter, cell volumes of the (Mn1-xFex)5Sn3 decrease with increasing x, while the Curie temperature of these alloys increases almost linearly with increasing x. All samples exhibit a moderate magnetocaloric effect, and the curves of magnetic entropy change are flat in a wide temperature range, which is suitable for the Ericsson cycle.
The Magentocaloric Effect of Gd5Si2Ge2-XZnX Alloy
Authors: Hou Xue Ling , Xiang Jie , Zeng Zhi , Huang Jian , Wang Xue Zhen , Xu Hui
Published: August 2011

The structural and magnetic properties of arc-melted alloys of Gd5Si2Ge2-xZnxin vacuum were investigated by powder x-ray diffraction and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. When the addition amount of Zn substituted for Ge is less than or equal to 0.05, the alloys have monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type phase structure, the magnetic entropy change of Gd5Si2Ge2-xZnx alloys rapidly increase, When x=0.05, the alloy has the excellent magnetic entropy change (|SM|). When the addition amount of Zn substituted for Ge is more than 0.05, the alloys have the orthorhombic Gd5Si4-type phase structure, the magnetic entropy change of Gd5Si2-xGe2-xZnxalloys rapidly decreases. The Curie temperature (Tc) of Gd5Si2Ge2-xZnx alloys linearly increases and the peak of |SM| is broader with the Zn amount substituted for Ge in Gd5Si2Ge2-xZnxalloys in x range from 0-0.15.
Up-Conversion Luminescence Properties of Gd2O2S:(Yb3+,Er3+) Nano-Particles Synthesized by a Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Li Xing , Lian Jing Bao
Published: August 2011

A co-precipitation method for synthesizing Gd2O2S:(Yb3+,Er3+) nano-particles was developed, using the commercially available Gd2O3, Er2O3, Yb2O3, H2SO4 and NaOH as the starting materials. XRD analysis shows that the precursor can be transformed into single phase Gd2O2S nano-particles by calcining at 900 °C for 1 hour in hydrogen atmosphere. TEM observation shows that the Gd2O2S particles are quasi-spherical in shape and well dispersed, with a mean particle size of about 20-30 nm. Under 980nm infrared light excitation, the strongest emission bands of Gd2O2S:Er3+ nano-particles located at green region centered at 525 nm and 550 nm, attributing to the 2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively. The quenching concentration of Er3+ ions is 5 mol%. The up-conversion luminescent intensity increases obviously for Yb3+ and Er3+ co-doped Gd2O2S:(Yb3+,Er3+) nano-particles.
Effects of Electric Pulse Treatment during Solidification on the Solidification Structure of Al-5%Cu Alloy
Authors: Qi Jin Gang , Dai Shan , Zhao Zuo Fu , Zhang Dong Jun , Wang Jian Zhong
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the effects of electric pulse on solidified structure and graining process of near eutectic Al-5%Cu alloy have been investigated during solidified process. It was treated with different pulse voltages at 740°C in this experiment, and established the cooling curve. The results show that the improvement of alloy casting macro-segregation and solidification structure refinement by electric pulse discharging; The change of the solidified casting structure has a preferable coincidence relation with the change of the cooling curve, and analysis of the cooling curve shows that the best granular effect has a maximal supercooling on the curve.
Spectral Properties of Pr3+:La2O3 Ceramics
Authors: Shi Zhi Fa , Yang Qiu Hong , Lu Shen Zhou , Zhang Hao Jia
Published: August 2011

Pr3+: La2O3ceramics was fabricated by conventional ceramics processing and sintered without pressure in H2atmosphere. The structure and spectroscopic properties of the samples were investigated. The strongest excitation peak is detected at 291 nm, which is corresponding to the 4f−5dabsorption band of Pr3+ion. Pr3+emits green light in La2O3ceramics, the major emission peak located at 512 nm belongs to3P0→3H4 transition. Pr3+:La2O3owns hexagonal structure and is unstable in air condition, it is easy to absorb water vapor to form La(OH)3.
Study on Preparation of Gradient Porous NiTi Alloys by Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Li Qiang , Yu Jing Yuan , Qi Guo Chao
Published: August 2011

Gradient porous NiTi alloys were fabricated by powder metallurgy method using NH4HCO3as space-holder. The effect of content and distribution of NH4HCO3on pore characteristic, phase composition and compressive properties was studied. The results showed the content of TiNi phase increased with the decrease of the content of NH4HCO3. When the distribution of NH4HCO3varying form 12wt%-12wt%-12wt% to 12wt%-6wt%-12wt% and 12wt%-0wt%-12wt%, the stress and elastic modulus of porous NiTi alloys increased from 228MPa to 321MP and 446MPa, from 4.8GPa to 5.6GPa and 6.8GPa, respectively. Compared with uniform porous materials, gradient porous NiTi alloy exhibited better superelasticity.
Investigation on the Wettability between Nb-Al Alloy and Porous Al2O3 Ceramics Prepared by Freeze Casting
Authors: Chen Huan Ming , Luo Min , Li Xin , Lin Xin Xin , Yang Dong
Published: August 2011

This paper adopted freeze casting method to prepare porous Al2O3ceramic bodies with interconnected pore channels as a preform. The preform was pressureless infiltrated with Nb-Al binary alloy by using electromagnetic induction furnace. The results indicated that the Nb-Al melt solidified as a sphere-like body under the surface tension driving. It was difficult to obtain Nb-Al binary alloy matrix Al2O3ceramic composites. However, the wettability between Nb-Al melt and porous Al2O3ceramic bodies was improved obviously while the Ti and Cr alloying elements were added into Nb-Al binary alloy. Also, the resultant Nb-35Ti-20Al-10Cr melt was filled into the interconnected pore channels existed in the Al2O3preform by pressureless infiltration.
Preliminary Approach to Mechanical Characteristics of Cement Mixed Superfine Iron Tailings
Authors: Ning Bao Kuan , Meng Jin , Ren Yi Nan , Jiang Tong , Cui Xiao Lei
Published: August 2011

A large number of specimens with different contents of cement mixed superfine tailings, which took superfine iron tailings as aggregate, were produced to carry out a series of experiments on the mechanical properties of different ages and freeze-thaw cycling tests. The strength, load -deformation curve, frost resistance and other performances of cement mixed superfine tailings were obtained. The experiment data were compared with cement mortar and cement-mixed soil ones under the same conditions. The results are listed as follows: on even ground, the strength of cement-superfine tailings can be 4-6 times higher than that of cement-mixed soil, and about 10% lower than that of cement mortar; the relation of load-deformation and the characteristics of freeze-thaw cycles are basically the same as cement mortar under the same conditions.
Comparative Study of Two Types of Alkali Lignin from Different Origin
Authors: Zhao Li Hong , Sun Hong Jun
Published: August 2011

The physico-chemical characterization of two types of alkali lignin from different origin, namely L1 and L2, were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. FT-IR spectra show that they have the characteristics of absorption peaks of syringyl and guaiacyl. 1H NMR spectra indicate that acetylated L1 exhibits higher content of aromatic protons than L2, as the former is mainly composed by G units. L2 presents high quantities of methoxyl groups. GPC results show that L1 has much higher weight average than L2. They had similar functional groups, however, there were differences in the relative contents of functional groups.
Scanning and Modeling of Large Thin-Walled Curved Surface Part
Authors: Wang Chun , Zhang Xuan Ming , Wang Xiao
Published: August 2011

The large sandwich structure composed of thin-walled aluminum alloy panels, and variable thickness of honeycomb or Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam core is usually manufactured by pre-bonded forming process, that is pre-forming panels and sandwich core, and then curing adhesive them to be sandwich structure. Welding process of large thin-walled panel causes the panel surface to be irregular and have greater errors relative to the design surface. Simply CNC machining the sandwich core according to the design surface cannot guarantee an exact match sandwich core consistent with the panels. The actual topography of the panels must be scanned. It is proposed that the use of a new hand-held laser scanner, Handyscan to scan large thin-walled curved surface parts, of Geomagic software to handle the acquired point clouds and construct the surface model.
Properties of Nanocrystalline Aluminium Fabricated by Warm-Vacuum-Compaction Method
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Qiong Hua
Published: August 2011

Nanocrystalline aluminium bulk material with average grain size of 25.2 nm was prepared by warm-vacuum-compaction method. The as-prepared nanocrystalline aluminium was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calarmeutry analysis (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and Microhardness test, respectively. The experimental results show that the average grain size and microstrain of the nanocrystalline aluminium are 25.2 nm and 0.018%, respectively. The melting point of as-prepared nanocrystalline aluminium is 918.9 K, which is lower than that of coarse-grained aluminium by 14 K. The endothermic value of nanocrystalline aluminium is 196.3J/g. The average microhardness of the as-prepared nanocrystalline aluminium is 1.65 GPa, which is 11 times higher than that of coarse-grained aluminium.
H∞ Controller for Networked Nonlinear Manufacturing Process Interconnected Systems Based on T-S Fuzzy Model
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Wei , Tong Shao Cheng
Published: August 2011

The problem of H∞ control for networked interconnected system with unknown disturbance is discussed. The Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is adopted for fuzzy modeling of the networked interconnected system, considering the problems of time-delay and data packet dropouts for networked control. According to the Lyapunov stability theory and decentralized control theory of interconnected system, based on LMI method, the paper proposes the sufficient condition that ensures the asymptotic stability and satisfies the H∞ performance. Finally, the numerical example and simulations have demonstrated the validity of the method.
Engineering Application Research on PLC in the Oily Water Treatment Mechanical Device
Authors: Dong Yu Lin , Cui Wen Chong , Hu Di
Published: August 2011

With the rapid progress of Computer and automatic technology, automatic control has widely used in the production, which brings fresh vigor to the sewage treatment.The application of PLC technology to the sewage treatment process of the oily water station, not only improves the operation of the sewage station efficiency and economic, but also reduce the amount of labor of workers. This article designs the sewage treatment system, descrips conduct details for each object function, improves the backwash of frequency conversion control system, and realizes the scientific management of sewage treatment station.
Progress on Measurement of Adhesion Strength of Marine Microfouling Organisms
Authors: Zhou Juan , Lin Cun Guo , Duan Dong Xia
Published: August 2011

The development of novel nontoxic antifouling paint has led to the need for better test methods to evaluate their performance. The adhesion strength of microorganism on material surface is the key parameter to characterize whether they could permanently soiled, therefore it is significant to establish a biological adhesion test method to evaluate the material antifouling ability. In this paper, several types of surface adhesion strength test devices have been introduced, including spinet apparatus, laminar channel flow cell, radial flow chamber, annular flow cell and fully-developed turbulent channel. Their application, advantage and disadvantage have also been discussed.
Middle-Convex Curve and Ellipse Surface of Piston Skirt Design Based on MATLAB and Pro/E
Authors: Gao Qi , Li Cheng Ying , Zeng Hong , Zhao Lei Bo
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the characteristics and design rules of piston skirt middle-convex ellipse surface are studied, and the piston skirt profile mathematical model was established. Piston skirt middle-convex curve is interpolated based on MATLAB, and the piston middle-convex surface was generated according to the theory of surface modeling; the piston skirt transversal section was controlled based on Pro/E curvilinear equation, and then the piston skirt surface was created. The example indicates that commonality and fitting precision of these two design methods are excellent, so it has the better application value of project.
Research on Manufacture Processes of Resin Dry Transformers Based on Object-Oriented Petri Net
Authors: Ni Jun Fang
Published: August 2011

The models of resources and manufacturing processes, which aim at the production system of the resin dry transformers, are constructed by Object-oriented Petri Net (OPN) in this paper. SCB9 1000/10 400(Cu) transformer is taken as case study, the flow chart of manufacturing transformers are described at first, and then researched by static analysis, dynamic analysis and integrated application in details. The conflicts of the OPN models, which may happen in all manufacturing system of resin dry transfers, have been resolved. The whole manufacturing system are improved and optimized in the manufacture processes at last.
Study on Geometrical Parameters Definition for Section Curve of Fully Intermeshing Twin Screw
Authors: Ding Wei , Wang Xin Yu
Published: August 2011

In accordance with the geometrical parameters deduction process for the fully intermeshing twin screw, analysis and calculation of the section curve are performed. Then the geometrical parameters for section curve are defined based on theories of relative motion and gear meshing principal. Do research on the co-rotating parallel axis fully intermeshing twin screw from intermeshing principle, cross section curves, volume parameters, center distance and so on are deduced. The parameters can be used to provide references to design some twin screw devices.
Influence of Welding Residual Stress on Stress Intensity Factor of Two-Dimensional Cracks
Authors: Yang Jin Song , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2011

In this paper, a butt-welded plate with cracks of different sizes and locations was used to analyze the crack propagation in the residual stress field. A two-dimensional finite element model was established to study the distributions of stress intensity factor along crack front in the residual stress field. Several cases with different crack lengths and angles were investigated. It was found that the distributions of stress intensity factor along crack front were very sensitive to residual stress. The methods and results presented in this paper are capable of providing a reference for the efficient assessment of the effect of residual stress field on the crack propagation behavior. It also implies that proper welding procedures are required for acceptable residual stress distributions to ensure prolonged service life of weldments.
An Approach for Application of Drive at Center of Gravity in a Vertical Machining Center
Authors: Guan Xiao Yong , Zhang Wei , Xu Zhi Xiang
Published: August 2011

Drive at Center of Gravity (DCG) Feed Principle plays an important role in suppressing the vibration and improving machining stability. But its application is very difficult while the position of gravity center changes constantly. In this paper, it is clarified that twin drive system is not exclusively optimum for solving the application of DCG, and that the choice of driving force direction is critical for reducing the vibration. Combining the method of counter balance, single drive system is proved to be valuable supplement for the design rules based on DCG. These rules are proved to be reasonable by accuracy evaluation for a die and mould machining center.
Research on Mold’s Reverse Modeling and Basic Surface Repair
Authors: Zhang De Qiang , Su Li Ying , Cheng Jie , Su Yong Qi
Published: August 2011

Reverse engineering is used to obtain mold’s numerical point cloud. The key is to get mold’s defective area and boundary’s features information. Then its original model of mold’s defective parts is built, and combined with bi-cubic B-spline to control vertex, the abutting of curves and surfaces, and value iteration technologies for integrate modeling of defect molds.Using finite element analysis and multiple technologies to analyze and amend, the model is repeated revised until a mold’s complete model is obtained.
Design and Development of Crude Oil Security System Based on Photoelectric Beam Detector
Authors: Ren Gong Chang , Chen Bo
Published: August 2011

The current oilfield monitor model in domestic is out of date which causes serious oil and facility stolen. Public security is not complete and efficient to prevent the crime. In order to solve this problem, Photoelectric Beam Detector has been adopt. This study utilizes Photoelectric Beam Detector, first transforming its information to electric signal and then with the help of Data Acquisition Module and GPRS technology, sending the message to monitoring and supervision center where possesses the security system software. The results indicate that it is an efficacious method to fulfill the security and pre-warning target.
Novel Measurement Method of Small Phase with Interference Phase Contrast
Authors: Pan Li Ping , Li Chong Guang
Published: August 2011

A novel method to measure small phase in micro-holography is discussed. It originated from Zernike phase contrast imaging technique, which has been a successful linear phase-to-intensity mapping approach toward phase object. Instead of phase-changing plate, an interference phase contrast technique that is based on in-line holography is utilized to obtain a hologram in the proposed method. The intensity distribution of hologram presents a monotone function with respect to phase distribution of phase object. Thus, the phase can be directly detected through hologram without phase unwrapping. In the work, the contrast of hologram is analyzed toward various phase difference between object wave and reference wave. An optimal solution to measure small phase of phase object is developed, which extends the measuring range of phase. Simulation on a computer is performed to validate theoretically the proposed method.
Structures and Properties of Modification Copolyester Fiber
Authors: Sun Yu , Zheng Guo , Yang Hong Xiang , Zhou Lan , Liu Yan Jun , Zhou Cun , Xu Jin Yun
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the structures and properties of cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CDP) and easy cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ECDP) by FTIR, X-ray diffraction, mechanical test, and DSC. The results showed that the FTIR spectrums of CDP and ester-type ECDP fibers were similar to the that of PET. It suggested that the adding of the third monomer and the fourth monomer had good compatible with the original structure unit of PET. the position of X-ray diffraction peak of CDP and ester-type ECDP were the same as which of PET, the third monomer and the fourth monomer did not pack into the original polyester unit cell but concentrated at the polyester crystalline surface and the amorphous regions.With adding the third monmome and the fourth monmomer, the initial modulus of the CDP and ester-type ECDP fibers became inferior. But the breaking elongation of them increased. The DSC suggested that The melting range of CDP and ECDP finished fiber were wider than that of PET fiber, but the melting point and crystallinity were less than them of PET fiber.
The Measurement Correction of MEMS Gyroscope Based Interlaced Kalman Filtering
Authors: Lu Jun Jie , Zhou Jun , Lu Xiao Dong , Liu Xiao Jun
Published: August 2011

To correct the angular rate measurement error of MEMS gyroscopes for tactical missile, this paper proposes use of dynamics correspondence between the rudder control torque and the missile body attitude to build the state equation of system, which is more realistic and precise than the description for the actual missile attitude change with low-pass filter. In order to avoid errors in the linearization for nonlinear equations and reduce the filtering computation complexity, the Interlaced Kalman Filtering is applied to achieve the pseudo-linear state equation with coupling terms, which effectively reduce the computation complexity. Finally, the semi-physical simulation with the three-axis MEMS IMU and Electro-Servo verified that the algorithm significantly improved the angular rate measurement accuracy of the low-precision MEMS gyroscope.
Negative Temperature Coefficient of PVC Filled with Carbon Black
Authors: Li Ji Xin
Published: August 2011

PVC filled with carbon black (CB) composition were prepared by a conventional melt-mixing method. The effects of CB on the negative-temperature-coefficient (NTC) effect and the resistivity-temperature characteristic of PVC/CB composites were studied. Our present research suggests that percolation threshold can be obtained for the content of CB 10%. The reasons of NTC phenomenon were also investigated from point of view of polymer structure. We also discussed relationship between the current and voltage, that is, the I-U characteristic of the composites can be divided into two regions, ohmic and nonohmic according to the different content of CB and voltage.
Research of Electrochemistry Measuring System Based on Saliva Glucose
Authors: Jiang Li Ying , Ren Li Jie , Chen Qing Hua , Cui Guang Zhao
Published: August 2011

According to the relationship of glucose content in diabetes saliva and blood, the biosensor for detecting saliva glucose was introduced based on electrochemical detecting principle, glucose oxidase was immobilized onto the surface of electrode by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The measuring system was designed by using potentiostat for amperometric chemical sensors. The characters of the microsystem has been demonstrated with the detection of standard glucose solution concentration of saliva parameter. Compared with the data obtained from the instrument CHI660A, it showed that has a good linear relation in the linear range of 0-2200µmol/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9531.
Comparison of the Unified Segmentation Method and the New Segmentation Method on Detection of Grey Matter and White Matter Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Voxel-Based Morphometry
Authors: Hu Ling Jing , Tong Long Zheng , Duan Yun Yun , Wu Bo
Published: August 2011

Voxel-based morphometry method (VBM) has been widely applied to detect the brain atrophy and achieved promising results; however, the effect of the segmentation step in VBM is not clear and the new segmentation method in SPM8 hasn’t been used in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the locations and degrees of grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) atrophy and evaluate the results derived from two segmentation methods. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was collected in 16 AD patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). Using two segmentation methods respectively, several reduction clusters of GM and WM were detected but the locations and degrees of reduction volumes were discrepant resulted from different segmentation methods. Our results suggest that VBM is an effective tool to analyze AD brain atrophy and based on VBM, the comparison of the locations and degrees of volume reduction among AD researches through different segmentation methods should be cautious.
Measurement of Cavity Volume Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Hao Jian Jun , Liu Zi Tao , Jiang Qiang , Liang Xiao Long
Published: August 2011

We propose a new method aiming at solving the volume measurement problem of the complex-shaped cavity of a workpiece. We first use machine vision technology to obtain the external geometric parameters, and then calculate the external volume of the workpiece through integral principle. Next, we calculate the solid-part volume of the workpiece by dividing its weight by its specific gravity. Finally, by subtracting the solid-part volume from the external volume of the workpiece, we obtain the volume of the inner cavity. The experimental results show that the precision of our method is higher than 0.5%, and the time consumed is less than 20 seconds.
Advances in Shock Testing Facilities for Naval Shipboard Equipments
Authors: Wang Gong Xian , Hu Yong
Published: August 2011

The capability to withstand non-contact underwater explosions (UNDEX) is an important aspect to be emphasized in the design of modern warships, and shock testing is one of the efficient methods to qualify the ability. A brief history on the research of shock testing of naval shipboard equipment as well as major means in evaluating anti-shock performance of warship equipment is introduced first in this paper. Three prevailing shock test methods: UNDEX testing, virtual shock trial and land-based test with shock test machines are presented with the focus on the advances in shock test machines in US and Europe. Comparison of current shock testing facilities is also given. Moreover, some new concepts of shock test machines are reviewed as well, and three major directions of the development of shock test machines are concluded. The first trend is that shock testing machines are required to generate positive and negative shock pulse to simulate real UNDEX environment made up of shock wave followed by bubble pulse and structural whipping. The second is that shock test machines can test heavy equipments, and the last is that shock pulses can be controlled and customized conveniently.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Flow Measurement
Authors: Ruggles Arthur E. , Zhang Bi Yao , Peters Spero M.
Published: August 2011

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) produces a three dimensional spatial distribution of positron-electron annihilations within an image volume. Various positron emitters are available for use in aqueous, organic and liquid metal flows. Preliminary experiments at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) injected small flows of PET tracer into a bulk water flow in a four rod bundle. The trajectory and diffusion of the tracer in the bulk flow were then mapped using a PET scanner. A spatial resolution of 1.4 mm is achieved with current preclinical Micro-PET imaging equipment resulting in 200 MB 3D activity fields. A time resolved 3-D spatial activity profile was also measured. The PET imaging method is especially well suited to complex geometries where traditional optical methods such as LDV and PIV are difficult to apply. PET methods are uniquely useful for imaging in opaque fluids, opaque pressure boundaries, and multiphase studies. Several commercial and shareware Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes are currently used for science and engineering analysis and design. These codes produce detailed three dimensional flow predictions. The models produced by these codes are often difficult to validate. The development of this experimental technique offers a modality for the comparison of CFD outcomes with experimental data. Developed data sets from PET can be used in verification and validation exercises of simulation outcomes.
Temperature Measurement with High Accuracy
Authors: Du Qing Fu
Published: August 2011

Calibration of general temperature sensor, platinum resistor is done with measuring its zero resistance and dispersity of linear system and compensating. Accurate constant current source is used to provide platinum resistor sensor power and four-wire measuring method is designed for self-compensation of lead wire resistance. With amplifying the changing signal of platinum using amplifier of high precision and low temperature drift, and MCPU digital filtering, highly accurate temperature measurement result is got finally.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroxylamine at Electro-Polymerized Poly(cobalt(II) tetraaminophthalocyanine)/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode
Authors: Hong Xiao Ping , Zhu Yan , Ma Jing Ying
Published: August 2011

This work describes the electrochemical deposition of poly(cobalt(II)-tetraaminophthalocyanine) (poly(CoIITAPc)) film onto a multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode (designated as poly(CoIITAPc)-MWNT-GC electrode) by cyclic voltammetric method and the effectiveness poly(CoIITAPc)-MWNT-GC electrode towards electrocatalytic oxidation of hydroxylamine. Cyclic voltammograms recorded during electropolymerization of cobalt(II) tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoIITAPc) indicated that good adherent layer of poly(CoIITAPc) was incorporated on to the surface of MWNT/GC electrode. The electrochemical detection of hydroxylamine was studied by amperometry at the new poly(CoIITAPc)-MWNT-GC electrode. The modified electrode exhibited good catalytic performance for the electrochemical oxidation of hydroxylamine with an anodic potential of 0.2 V, linear concentration range from 1.7 mmol/L to 0.20 mmol/Land a detection limit of 0.33 mmol/L.
Motor Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Analysis and Fast Fourier Transform
Authors: Zhang Qing Xin , Li Jin , Li Hai Bin , Liu Chong
Published: August 2011

For the detection of the broken-bar fault of rotor in motors, a traditional method is frequency spectrum analysis for the stator current. However, the frequency components representative of the rotor fault can be easily submerged by the fundamental frequency, so that the detections results are inaccurate. In this paper, the stator current will be decomposed and reconstructed, after that the fast Fourier transform can be applied to the frequency spectrum analysis. It eliminates the influence that the fault characteristic components are flooded by the basic frequency components. The experiment result shows that the existence of a slight fault in rotor can be detected. The method has a good theoretical and engineering application.
Rotor Dynamic Balance on the Field for Cooling Fan of Engine
Authors: Wei Qing Bao
Published: August 2011

The paper analyzes the rotor imbalance of cooling fan for the engine, and come to influence coefficient per unit quality. We can easy count the practice balancer cooling fan rotor. This method is very simple.
The Finite Element Analysis in Measurement System of Airplane Fuel Mass
Authors: Sui Xiu Wu , Qi Xiao Guang , Li Da Peng , Zhang Guo Xiong , Fan Yu Ming
Published: August 2011

The paper presents the measurement system of the air plane fuel mass consisting of cylinder shell resonating density meter and double cylinders capacitance level meter. The finite element analysis method of ANSYS10.0 is used to analyze the performance of cylinder shell resonator density meter and double cylinders capacitance fuel level sensor. On the base of simulation, the cylinder shell is 45mm in length, 9mm in radius, and 0.08mm in thickness, the material is 3J53; the double cylinders capacitance is 8mm in inside diameter, 23.6mm in outside diameter, and 550 mm in length. The experiments show the uncertainty of cylinder shell resonating density meter is only 0.12%, the uncertainty of double cylinders capacitance level meter is only 0.2%, and the uncertainty of the fuel mass measurement system is 0.4%.
An Innovative Electronic Current Transformer Applied in High Voltage Systems
Authors: Tian Zheng Qi , Li Zhen Hua , Tong Yue
Published: August 2011

With the development of power system, Conventional current transformers (CTs) show a growing number of shortcomings. For better performances, Electronic Current Transformers (ECTs) are researched to replace CT. But high price, unsatisfactory life and unpredictable reliability hold back their industrializations. Employing the insulation structure of traditional inverted SF6transformers and the new sensing principle at the same time, using high-precision digital integration algorithm which has higher precision to extracting the power frequency signal, an innovative electronic current transformer is introduced in this paper. Test results show that the transformer has high accuracy, low price, good stability, wide frequency response and long life.
Film Shape Research of Slipper Bearing in Axial Piston Pump Based on Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Liu Hong , Peng Zeng Xiong , Shen Chu Jing
Published: August 2011

In the process of axial piston pump working, centrifugal moment causes slipper bearing to tilt and wedge oil film could be formed between the slipper and swashplate. The film shape corresponds with its pressure field. By force equilibrium analysis, the calculation of film shape can be simplified as a single objective optimization problem with two decision variables, which uses the normal force balance and the flow equilibrium as equality constraints and treats the slipper tilt angle and the azimuth angle as inequality constraints.The Niche Genetic Algorithm was applied to solve this problem. The results showed that using this method the optimum solution can be gained and the convergence speed is relatively fast. A precision 3-D film shapes can be obtained, which can afford new reference to the design of the slipper bearing.
Effect of Manufacturing Condition on Forming a Screw-Threaded Stainless Fuel Filler Tube
Authors: Kamei Nobuyuki , Watari Hisaki
Published: August 2011

A growing demand for lightweight products has been brought about by the rapid development of new automobiles in order to reduce fuel consumption. One of the keys to reduced fuel consumption is to utilize high-strength, light materials like stainless-steel that are difficult to form due to their strength. This paper discusses the development of pressing technology that forms a relatively high-strength stainless-steel tube with surface screw threads. Our new press-forming process was tested to obtain accurate screw threads on stainless-steel tubes. A 3-D digitizer was used to measure the accuracy of tubes manufactured by the proposed pressing method. The proposed press-forming method decreases tube thickness more effectively than conventional roll-forming technology. The maximum decrease in material thickness produced by conventional roll forming was 40%, but the maximum decrease in material thickness produced by our press-forming process was 20%. Stress and strain were clarified by using a finite-element simulation to expand the effectiveness of the new press-forming technology.
Approach of Automatic Measuring Minimum Distance between Profiles at Cutting Area for Rough Milling
Authors: Fan Xiao Liang , Hua Guang Ru
Published: August 2011

To select appropriate diameter of end mill using in rough milling for complex pocket with islands and free form surfaces, an approach of automatic measuring minimum distance between profiles at cutting area is proposed. After obtaining disordered curves from some intersection plane, recognizing loop algorithm and differentiating inner and outer profiles algorithm are developed. Based on the recognized inner and outer profiles, the minimum distance between them can be measured automatically. Case study conducted feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Research on the Calibration of Uniaxial Rotary SINS
Authors: Shang Song Tian , Miao Kai , Wang Rui Tao
Published: August 2011

The uniaxial rotary SINS has quickly become the new focus of inertial system research for its low price and high navigation accuracy. A higher precision requires an accurate calibration for the system. In this paper, the output models of uniaxial rotary SINS are derived, and the FOG and accelerometer are calibrated using discrete calibrating method.
Implementing Iterative Learning Control to Reduce Torque Ripple of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Authors: Huang Zhao , Cheng Han Xiang
Published: August 2011

Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are appealing candidates for many high-performance applications such as robotics, machine tools and other electrical propulsion system because of their attractive characteristics. PMSM have advantages of high power density, high torque-to-inertia ratio, and high electrical efficiency. However, the main disadvantage of PMSM is the torque ripples. Therefore, the study of how to compensate the torque ripples so as to improve the tracking performance of PMSM is very meaningful and necessary. In this paper, we focus on the control of a non-sinusoidal permanent magnet synchronous machine. First, we compare the various methods which to reduce the torque ripple. Then, we built a basic PMSM model. After that the Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithm is applied to compensate the torque ripple, and improve the tracking performance of the PMSM. The effectiveness of using ILC method to reduce torque ripple is demonstrated by simulink results.
A New Model of Bundle Adjustment Used in Camera Calibration
Authors: Cheng Jian Hua , Tang Li Xin
Published: August 2011

The calibration of the internal and external parameters of each camera is a crucial step for free-form surface measurement based on stereo vision. The nonlinear optimization method of bundle adjustment is usually used in the camera calibration. The model of bundle adjustment can be derived from the nonlinear collinearity equations which contains the nonlinear distortions of camera lens. As the internal parameters of camera, the distortion parameters are implied in the projective transformation matrix, and difficult to be explicitly expressed by an equation. But the establishment of the model of bundle adjustment needs to calculate the first-order partial derivative of each parameter. At present, there is no effective method to decompose the implicit parameters which are taken as a whole in the expansion of first-order partial derivative. The existing bundle adjustment models are not comprehensive and easy to cause ill-conditioned matrix problems. In this paper, we discuss the methods of the nonlinear camera lens distortion correction, establish a new lens distortion expression, and propose a new model of bundle adjustment based on the new distortion expression. Experiments results indicate that the new bundle adjustment model can obtain high camera calibration accuracy, and avoid the ill-conditioned matrix problems.