bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISA PESTEL TERHADAP PENETRASI GOJEK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Paramadita Siti , Umar Abdullah , Kurniawan Yohanes Jhony
Published: July 2021

With the rapid development of the digital world today, of course, it will affect people's lives, like what used to be offline is now online. One of them that experienced a change from offline to online is the land transportation business. This is evidenced by changes in the base motorcycle taxi, with the digitization of the emerging online motorcycle taxis, such as GOJEK and GRAB. Where is this online motorcycle taxi using mobile applications to make transactions? These changes, of course, will have a significant impact on people's lives, whether it be on political, economic, social, technological, legal or environmental factors or commonly referred to as PESTEL. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze the extent to which the factors that influence the presence of GOJEK in Indonesia, especially those related to PESTEL. Where GOJEK is one of the start-up companies that have developed quite rapidly in the last 9 years. Starting from a motorcycle taxi call center service in 2010, until now, GOJEK has expanded its business to neighboring countries such as Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Where research methods are carried out using a qualitative approach, which includes interviews, literature review and observation. Of course, with the very rapid development of GOJEK. Many impacts are caused by GOJEK. One of them is the economic impact, which with the existence of GOJEK, helps the development of SMEs. Where the support of GOJEK is to facilitate the delivery of goods produced by SMEs to buyers and the delivery process is faster.

Keywords: Startup, PESTLE Analysis, Online Transportation, Mobile Application
MENGATASI STRESS SAAT PANDEMIK DENGAN MEMBUAT BUKU MEWARNAI (Di IEEEL Institute, Tangerang)
Authors: Kartini Aprilia
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

 

                During the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, which has been going on for almost 1 (one) year, many people feel confused, anxious, afraid, and some are also frustrated. This pandemic has an impact on various sectors, such as economy, education, tourism, social and many more. Feelings of fear of contracting and facing death alone and other worries that everyone thinks about so that the level of stress is getting higher. There has been a change in lifestyle that is usually spent with friends now mostly alone at home or boarding house. Those who already have a family have a heavier burden, especially when it comes to dealing with work when working from home or WFH. Coupled with taking care of children's school and household activities. Stress is a person's emotional response caused by external problems or when facing various life problems. To some extent, stress is needed to be prepared to face the threat of problems. This kind of stress is called eustress or normal stress. However, if the stress is prolonged and causes suffering to turn into distress and can cause mental health problems, this should be avoided. One way to deal with stress during a pandemic can be done by making pictures. As stated by Herawati and Iriaji, they argue that drawing is a tool to express thoughts. During a pandemic when people are worried about leaving the house, coloring books are an alternative to relieve stress. But the obstacle is that people are afraid to leave the house to buy books and also during the economic situation in the family that must be regulated because many do not receive full salaries, so making their own coloring books is an alternative.

 
Impact of Accounting Ratios on Stock Market Price of Listed companies in Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors:   Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, Larojan Chandrasegaran
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the impact of accounting ratios on stock market price of top twenty companies based on the highest market capitalization listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of Earnings per Share (EPS) on stock market price; to examine the impact of Dividend per Share (DPS) on stock market price, to examine the impact of Price Earnings ratio (PE) on stock market price and to examine the impact of Market to Book ratio (MB) on stock market price. The panel data was collected from the top twenty companies for the period of five years from 2015 to 2019. EPS, DPS, PE and MB ratios were used as the proxies for the independent variables and stock price was used as the proxy for the dependent variable for this study. In order to perform the inferential analysis Pearson correlation analysis, panel regression with fixed effect, random effect and pooled linear regression were used. Hausman test was adopted in order to choose either random effect regression or fixed effect regression. According to pooled regression analysis, EPS, DPS and PE ratios had positive significant impact on stock market price. MB ratio had a negative significant impact on stock market price. According to fixed effect regression analysis, EPS, PE and MB ratios had positive insignificant impact on stock market price whereas DPS had a positive significant impact on stock market price. This study offers an insight to the potential investors to make the rational investment decisions in the stock market.
Determination of Erodiblity (USLE-K) Status of Suruc Plain Soils Before Transition to Irrigated Agriculture within the Scope of Southeastern Anatolia Project
Authors: ÖZTÜRKMEN Ali Rıza , RAMAZANOĞLU Emrah , TOKMAKÇI Sümeyye
Published: July 2021

Erosion is a major problem that limits vegetative production, adversely affects the ecosystem and causes soil losses that are difficult to recover. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the erosion status and some soil properties of the soils of Suruc plain in Sanlıurfa province. Soil properties; It has been determined that the pH is slightly high, the soils are non-saline, the organic matter is medium and the soil is clayey. Expresses the change of data by the coefficient of variance (CV). The lowest variability (CV = 2.45) in the soils of Suruç plain is the other parameters, respectively, the clay ratio (CV = 19.27) medium level, silt ratio (CV = 20.64) medium level, organic matter (CV = 27.14) medium level and sand ratio. (CV = 27.34) varies moderately. It was determined that the soil properties showing the highest variability were lime (CV = 37.06), EC (CV = 38.89) hydraulic conductivity (CV = 695.41). According to the correlation coefficient of soil erosion (USLE-K) parameter (r=0.99**) and P <0.01 level, it was determined that there is a very important relationship. The high coefficient of variation of some soil properties revealed the need for more sampling in the area. According to the frequency table, the erosive degrees of the soils are determined to be 10% very little, 26% less, 56% medium and 8% strongly erodable soils. In the Suruc plain, which will be opened to irrigation within the scope of the Southeastern Anatolia project, instead of traditional irrigation methods, more suitable irrigation systems should be chosen according to the soil characteristics and the slope of the land.
Konya İli Folklorunda Güvercin: 3. İnanışlar ve Uygulamalar
Authors: DANIŞ Emine Merve , ÇELİK Esra , ASLIM Gökhan , YAŞAR Aşkın
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile Konya ilinde güvercinlere ait inanışlar ve uygulamaların derlenmesi, tespit edilen inanışların kökenlerine ulaşılmaya çalışılarak Türk folkloruna ve veteriner hekimliği folkloruna katkı sağlanması amaçlandı.Yöntem: Araştırmanın materyalini, Konya ilinde ikamet eden ve konuyla ilgili bilgi sahibi olduğu belirlenen 28 kaynak kişiden 11.07.2020-14.08.2020 tarihleri arasında “Bilgi Derleme Formu” aracılığı ile derlenen sözlü, yazılı ve görsel verilerden sadece güvercinler ile ilgili inanışlar ve uygulamalar oluşturdu. Görsel materyal kaynak kişilere ait güvercin yetiştirme alanlarından fotoğraflanarak elde edildi. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirildi. Kaynak kişiler “K” harfi şeklinde kısaltıldı ve ilçe, görüşme tarihi sırasına göre kodlanarak her inanışın sonunda “K1, K2…, K28” şeklinde belirtildi.Bulgular: Çalışmada halk hekimliği, uğur ve uğursuzluk, bereket ve bereketsizlik, yetiştirilmesi, tüketilmesi, halk meteorolojisi ve halk takvimi, nazar, ölüm ve dini inanışlar ve uygulamalara ilişkin elde edilen verilerin konuya ilişkin literatür bilgiler ile genel olarak benzerlik gösterdiği tespit edildi.Sonuç: Konya ilinde gerçekleştirilen folklorik nitelikli bu çalışmada güvercinlerin toplum hayatında çeşitli amaçlar ile varlığını sürdürdüğü, bazı değerlerin sembolü olarak görüldüğü ve günümüzde güvercinlere ait inanışlar ve uygulamaların kökeninin Orta Asya ve Anadolu’ya dayandığı söylenebilir.
Deconstructing the Deconstruction.doc
Authors: Grigor'eva Kseniya
Published: July 2021

Having read, with interest, an article by Allison Howell and Melanie Richter-Montpetit, “Is securitization theory racist? Civilizationism, methodological whiteness, and antiblack thought in the Copenhagen School”, I discovered that it contains a most fascinating example of academic racialization that a scholar of race and ethnicity would find hard, if not outright impossible, to ignore.

Setting the ambitious goal of deconstructing the securitization theory and unveiling its “racist foundations” to the world for the first time, the authors undertake painstaking work: they extract rather startling elements from the theory they are working with (one of the central elements among them is “silence”), in order to assemble them into racist discourse and then subject said discourse to crushing criticism. In this brief essay, I shall attempt to deconstruct the aforementioned deconstruction, and thereby demonstrate that:

1) the theory criticized by A. Howell and M. Richter-Montpetit, is in fact new racist discourse;

2) the aim of racializing the securitization theory was to accrue academic capital;

3) the racialization of theories that were not originally racist adds more racism to the academic discourse.
Ethiopia: the Victory of the Sidama in the Longer Than a Century’s Struggle for the Self-determination
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Ismagilova Roza
Published: July 2021

For the first time in the history of domestic Ethiopian studies, the article analyzes in detail the successful struggle of one of the Ethiopian peoples’, the Sidama, for self-determination. On the 20th of November, 2019 a truly historic event took place in Ethiopia: one of the country’s many ethnic communities, the Sidama, achieved self-government. At a referendum about 98% voted in favor of the creation of the Sidama state. This provoked a chain reaction in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region: already 13 ethnic communities – Wolaita, Gamo, Gurage, Kaffa and others – are demanding the creation of their own states. Centrifugal processes in the country have become noticeably more active. The present paper is divided in four sections. The first section, “Who are the Sidama?”, offers a detailed description of the Sidama and emphasizes the vitality of traditional social and cultural institutions, including ethnic stratification and the continued presence of castes of artisans. At the same time, it is noted that globalization and urbanization are introducing significant changes in the life of the Sidama. The second section, “The Sidama under ethnic federalism”, analyzes the positive and negative aspects of ethnic federalism and the reasons for the discontent of the Sidama, as well as the causes of Sidama’s grievances and conflicts over power and resources with other ethnic communities, which ultimately led to their struggle for self-government. The third section, “The Sidama’s struggle for self-government”, provides a detailed account of the Sidama’s struggle against the policy of Amharization during the imperial period, the discrimination in Derg rule (1974–1991) and, since 1991, during the period of ethnic federalism. The fourth section, “Referendum”, is devoted to a detailed description of this important event in the life of the Sidama and their victory: the difficulties and obstacles to organizing the referendum, the attitude of the federal government, the referendum itself and victory. Finally, in the fifth section, “The impact of the creation of the Sidama state on the situation in the region”, the author analyzes the Constitution of the new state. The creation of the new 10th state on the ethnic basis means the strengthening of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia. It is important to stress that the author has conducted several e-mail interviews with Sidama scholars and journalists – active participants in the Sidama movement for self-determination – on the topic of post-referendum events.
Appearances and Cultural Symbols as Formal Functional Symbols: on the Hermeneutics and Recognition of Yorùbá Dress Code
Authors: Peter Oni , Abayomi Sharomi
Published: July 2021

This paper argues that Yorùbá dress codes (fondly called traditional dress) ought to be symbols of both cultural and formal identity. As part of the being of the Yorùbá, dressing represents more than covering human nakedness, it defines the individual just as it symbolizes different things and moods. Colours, designs and functions all serve as symbols. Unfortunately, within these symbolisms the Yorùbá dresses are not generally welcomed as symbols of formal environments (especially nongovernmental corporate offices). Such outfits at best may be allowed as a dress-down. Formal symbolisms of Yorùbá dresses are restricted to political office holders or government functionaries, beyond which cultural attires are reserved for social functions. In other words, corporate dress codes do not give room for normative or psychological recognition of Yorùbá cultural dressing. Although in recent years Africans have given life to very rich indigenous identities, which have begun to re-affirm the functionality of our arts, yet not many people today have tried to relate these to questions of corporate dressing. It is believed that African cultural symbols are better reflected as traditional symbols. The methods of exposition, hermeneutics, conceptual analysis and critical evaluative reasoning are used in this paper to expose on the one hand Yorùbá dress symbolisms and on the other hand to submit that Yorùbá costumes are as formal as wearing a tie and suit to the office. This lends a voice to the recognition and incorporation of Yorùbá garments (and other African cultural dresses) into general formal symbols.
Problema Bidang Pertanian
Authors: Resky A.Sry Aska
Published: July 2021

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui unsur yang menentukan berlangsungnya aktivitas pertanian seperti tenaga dan keterampilan manusia, alat produksi pertanian, sarana produksi (saprodi) pertanian dan lahan pertanian. Akar masalah di bidang pertanian adalah problem penguasaan lahan. Metode artikel ini menggunakan sestem pencarian informasi (information searching behavior) merupakan perilaku yang dilakukan oleh pencari informasi dalam berinteraksi dengan segala jenis sistem informasi. Hasil artikel ini mendapatkan informasi tentang kehidupan para petani di Indonesia dan juga berbagai kendala mereka yang masih belum memiliki mempunya milik lahan pertanian juga solusi sistem ekonomi kapitalisme dan dampak sistem ekonomi kapitalisme dan solusi sistem ekonomi islam
To Clot or Not to Clot? Ad is the Question - Insights on Mechanisms Related to Vaccine Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Othman Maha , Baker Alexander T. , Gupalo Elena , Elsebaie Abdelrahman , Bliss Carly May , Rondina Matthew T. , Lillicrap David , Parker Alan L.
Published: July 2021

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), or thrombotic thrombocytopenic syndrome (TTS), has caused global concern. VITT is characterized by thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccinations with the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. The clinical features of VITT include thrombosis, typically cerebral venous thrombosis, and severe thrombocytopenia developing 5 to 24 days following first dose of vaccine, with elevated D-dimer, and antibodies specific to platelet factor 4 (PF4), signifying platelet activation. As of June 1, 2021, over 1.93 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered worldwide. Currently, 467 VITT cases (0.000024%) have been reported across the UK, Europe, Canada and Australia. Clinically, VITT presents similarly to a rare autoimmune condition called “spontaneous/autoimmune heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia” (HIT) without prior heparin exposure. Guidance on diagnosis and management of VITT has been reported but the pathogenic mechanism of VITT is not fully elucidated. A definite causal relationship with the vaccine material is yet to be confirmed. To date, it is established that IgG antibodies recognizing PF4 activate platelets through FcγRIIA, however it remains unclear what triggers production of these antibodies. The fact that VITT, has only been described in association with adenoviral vector-based DNA virus vaccines, but not mRNA/lipid-based vaccines, raises the likelihood that the syndrome is somehow linked to the vector or other constituents in the vaccine preparation. Here, we propose and discuss potential mechanisms in relation to adenovirus induction of VITT. We discuss adenovirus immunogenicity and interactions with platelets and other host proteins, the role of PF4 and platelet activation. Whilst confirming a single mechanism underpinning VITT is challenging, we provide insights and clues into areas warranting investigation into the mechanistic basis of VITT, highlighting the unanswered questions. Further research is required to help solidify a pathogenic model for this condition.
What Impact Have SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic induced lockdown on the number of OPD patients of Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke (CVA), Acute Heart Disease, Mental Illness, Epilepsy, Ophthalmic, Dental and oncology in India during the lockdown months (April/May/2020) Observational Research Analysis?
Authors: Kumar Dr Piyush
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe First human case of the covid-19 global pandemic was reported from Wuhan city of China in December 2019. On 27th January 2020, India found a suspected case of covid-19 in Kerala with a recent travel history of Wuhan; china. The suspected case was reported as positive by the National Institute of Virology located at Pune in Maharashtra, India on January 30, 2020 as positive for COVID-19 infection. This was the first documented COVID-19 case in India. The government of India responded to this novel disease by enforcing nationwide lockdown starting on 25/03/2020 and ending on 31/05/2020. In this retrospective observational quantitative and qualitative study I have done assessment of the impact of covid-19 lockdown measures on OPD health services for some important non communicable diseases. The data is collected, observed, analyzed for the years 2020 and 2019 and the lockdown period of April-May 2020 is compared with the same duration of 2019 (excluding period of 7 days of lockdown in march) . The OPD (outpatient Department) services for the patients of Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke (CVA), Acute Heart Disease, Mental Illness, Epilepsy, Ophthalmic, Dental and oncology were selected for this observational retrospective study-analysis. In version 2 time series analysis (longer period) will be applied to test the significance of difference between pre and post intervention (lockdown). The study found as compared to 2019 when lockdown and pandemic was not in existence, 2020 lockdown period have notable reduction in various OPD health services. The study have derived conclusion that lockdown reduced number of OPD patients and hence reduced access to the health services for non-communicable disease which is the major burden of disease in India as well as at global levels. In the final conclusion the author feel the need of more emphasis and priority for NCDs care in any situations of emergency like pandemic and natural calamities, lockdowns etc which usually disrupt routine healthcare. Routine healthcare is very essential in context of chronic diseases which can be converted to acute emergency conditions like CVA.
Transform DOI system into a giant science hub
Authors: Moustafa Khaled
Published: July 2021

In its current mode of identification of scientific publications, the digital object identifier (DOI) is not more than a web linking of published material to their publishing sources. When a given DOI is searched in the DOI website (doi.org), we are redirected to the publishing websites, if the material is available, or an error message (Not Found) will appear if the DOI-associated content is not available or has moved to a new location. To bestow a worthwhile value to DOI assignations, I suggest the establishment of a unique persistent DOI database (for e.g., as a DOI hub, DOI library, or DOI indexer) in which all the DOI assigned by publishers and journals will be listed in one and same place with basics bibliographic metadata and complete citation information, including the DOI link itself, authors’ names, manuscripts’ titles, publishing source, date of publication, and ideally abstracts and full text if available for free (open access). As a result, when a DOI is searched in the DOI hub, full bibliographic information should be retrievable regardless of its status in the publishing source. Basic indexation information and metadata associated with published articles will thus be always accessible and findable independently from the publishing sources. A unique, general and long-term preserved DOI hub will make it easy to search, find and cite scientific literature from the various scientific fields even if a journal or publisher ceases its publishing activity.
Konsep Kepemilikan Dalam Islam
Authors: Fahira Nur
Published: July 2021

AbstractAbstract: This article discusses the concept of ownership that exists in Islam. In the concept of Islamic ownership, humans are expected to be able to manage large and extensive natural resources in a more organized manner. Islam teaches the concept of restrictions on property ownership, but does not eliminate individual ownership rights over an object. The concept of Islam in public and state ownership provides comfort and welfare for all levels of society because with good state management natural resources can be distributed to every individual in a guaranteed and appropriate manner. The implications of the concept of ownership in Islam will be able to realize justice, a principle in Islam that is not only justice for individuals but also for all people as a whole.Keywords: Concept, Ownership, Justice in IslamAbstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang konsep kepemilikan yang ada dalam Islam. Dalam konsep kepemilikan Islam, manusia diharapkan dapat mengelolaan sumber daya alam yang besar dan luas menjadi lebih teratur. Islam mengajarkan konsep pembatasan dalam kepemilikan harta benda, tetapi tidak menghilangkan hak kepemilikan individu atas suatu benda. Konsep Islam dalam kepemilikan publik dan negara memberikan kenyamanan dan kesejahteraan bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat karena dengan pengelolaan negara yang baik sumber daya alam dapat didistribusikan kepada setiap individu secara terjamin dan tepat. Implikasi dari konsep kepemilikan dalam Islam akan mampu mewujudkan keadilan, suatu prinsip dalam Islam tidak hanya keadilan bagi individu tetapi juga secara keseluruhan bagi semua orang.Kata kunci: Konsep, Kepemilikan, Keadilan Dalam Islam
Pasar Bebas Menuju Indonesia Berkemajuan
Authors: Amalia Nur
Published: July 2021

Idealisme perdagangan bebas tidak lepas dari pemikiran ekonom klasik bahwa implementasi aktivitas perdagangan internasional tanpa hambatan tarif maupun non-tarif akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dunia. Namun realita menunjukkan hal sebaliknya, dimana kesejahteraan yang diraih masyarakat dunia sangat tidak merata. Kesenjangan di antara dua kelompok ini semakin lebar ketika dunia memasuki era liberalisasi perdagangan. Fenomena ini menarik untuk dikaji, mengapa ada gap antara idealisme dan realitas. Idealisme perdagangan bebas yang dibangun oleh ekonom klasik bersandar pada asumsi yang secara utuh tidak sesuai kenyataan, diantaranya bahwa setiap negara yang akan berdagang memiliki kapasitas ekonomi yang sama. Sekalipun WTO sebagai lembaga perdagangan dunia mengakomodir fenomena ini dalam pasal-pasalnya, namun dalam kenyataannya sulit terlaksana secara optimal. Egoisme negara maju yang dibentuk oleh prinsip ekonomi konvensional sering mengemukan elaluiargumen yang bernuansa politis. Sementara negara-negara berkembang memiliki kelemahan yang mencakup aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan kelembagaan sehingga tidak memiliki posisi tawar dalam percaturan ekonomi global. Islam menawarkan prinsip bahwa perdagangan bebas adalah perdagangan yang mencoba mengoptimalkan hubungan perdagangan dengan luar negeri di satusisi dan melarang perdagangan komoditas tertentu yang mengganggu kemaslahatan kaum muslimin di sisi lain. Islam pun berpandangan bahwa asas perdagangan bebas bukan terletak di komoditinamun di pelakunya (pedagang). Dengan demikian pemerintah negara yang bersangkutan seharusnya memiliki sikap yang jelas dan tegas dalam menjalani perdagangan bebas yang berorientasi untuk kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.
OHIS Differences on Primary School Students in Relation to Little Dentist Training
Authors: Senjaya Asep Arifin , Sirat Ni Made , Wirata I Nyoman , Ratmini Ni Ketut
Published: July 2021

Dental healthcare is very important since dental and oral hygiene should be maintained. Statistics showed that more than 80% of children in developed and developing countries suffer from dental disease. This study aimed to see the safety of OHIS (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) in primary school students who got and did not get little dentist cadre training in Bangli Regency in 2019. The study was done in an experimental design: pre and post-test with control design, which was conducted in August-September 2019. The sample in this study is 366 students. The difference in OHIS scores before and after treatment in the control group and treatment group was carried out by the bivariate Mann Whitney U Test. The results of the study showed that before dental health training was conducted, there were 54.3% of primary school students in the treatment group with good OHIS score criteria, and after the training was carried out as many as 98.4% of the students in the treatment group had a good OHIS. Additionally, prior to the training, 57.5% of the control group had fair OHIS criteria score. Then, after the training was carried out, 73.7% of the control group had good OHIS score. Hence, the study concluded that there was a significant difference in the OHIS of primary school students who got little doctor training prior to and after the training. Also, there was a significant difference in the OHIS of the students who did not get such treatment before and after the training.
Am I truly monolingual? Exploring foreign language experiences in monolinguals
Authors: Castro Sofía , Wodniecka Zofia , Timmer Kalinka
Published: July 2021

Monolingualism has typically been understood as a homogeneous phenomenon. The linguistic experiences of monolinguals are usually overlooked when analysing the impact of foreign language experiences on language processing and cognitive functioning. In this study, we analyse the linguistic experiences of 962 English-speaking individuals from the United Kingdom (UK) who identified as monolinguals. Through an online survey, we found that more than 80% of these monolinguals had in fact learned at least one foreign language, dialect, or type of jargon. More than half of this 80% of monolinguals also used languages they had learned at some point in their lives. Moreover, nearly 40% of all the studied monolinguals confirmed that they had been passively exposed to foreign languages or dialects in their environment; approximately a fourth of these monolinguals who declared exposure to at least one foreign language (or dialect) confirmed that they also used these languages. Furthermore, activities that involved passive use of languages (i.e., activities that may require some comprehension but do not require production; e.g., watching TV) were occasionally carried out in foreign languages: around 26% of these monolinguals confirmed the passive use of more than one language. Lastly, around 58% of monolinguals who had visited one or more non-English-speaking countries declared the active use of foreign languages during their stay(s). These results suggest that the linguistic experiences of monolinguals from the UK often include exposure to and use of foreign languages. Moreover, these results show the need to consider the specificity of the monolingual language experience when analysing the impact of foreign languages on cognitive functioning, as differences in the language experiences of bilinguals also have divergent impacts on cognition. Lastly, monolingual experiences are different from bilingual experiences; therefore, existing questionnaires that evaluate language experiences should be adapted to capture the particular linguistic experiences of monolinguals.
Impact of Accounting Ratios on Stock Market Price of Listed companies in Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Larojan Chandrasegaran
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the impact of accounting ratios on stock market price of top twenty companies based on the highest market capitalization listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of Earnings per Share (EPS) on stock market price; to examine the impact of Dividend per Share (DPS) on stock market price, to examine the impact of Price Earnings ratio (PE) on stock market price and to examine the impact of Market to Book ratio (MB) on stock market price. The panel data was collected from the top twenty companies for the period of five years from 2015 to 2019. EPS, DPS, PE and MB ratios were used as the proxies for the independent variables and stock price was used as the proxy for the dependent variable for this study. In order to perform the inferential analysis Pearson correlation analysis, panel regression with fixed effect, random effect and pooled linear regression were used. Hausman test was adopted in order to choose either random effect regression or fixed effect regression. According to pooled regression analysis, EPS, DPS and PE ratios had positive significant impact on stock market price. MB ratio had a negative significant impact on stock market price. According to fixed effect regression analysis, EPS, PE and MB ratios had positive insignificant impact on stock market price whereas DPS had a positive significant impact on stock market price. This study offers an insight to the potential investors to make the rational investment decisions in the stock market.
Energetics and mixing of stratified, rotating flow over abyssal hills
Authors: Zemskova Varvara , Grisouard Nicolas
Published: July 2021

One of the proposed mechanisms for energy loss in the ocean is through dissipation of internal waves, in particular above rough topography where internal lee waves are generated. Rates of dissipation and diapycnal mixing are often estimated using linear theory and a constant value for mixing efficiency. However, previous oceanographic measurements found that non-linear dynamics may be important close to topography. In order to investigate the role of non-linear interactions, we conduct idealized 3D numerical simulations of steady flow over 1D topography and vary the topographic height, which correlates to the degree of flow non-linearity. We analyze spatial distribution of energy transfer rates between internal waves and the non-geostrophic portion of time-mean flow, and of dissipation and diapycnal mixing rates. In our simulations with taller, more non-linear topographies, energy transfer rates are similar to previously unexplained oceanographic observations near topography: internal waves gain energy from time-mean flow through horizontal straining and lose energy through vertical shearing. In the tall topography simulations, buoyancy fluxes also play a significant role, consistent with observations but contrary to linear wave theory, suggesting that quasigeostrophy-based approximations and linear theory may not hold in some regions above rough topography. Both dissipation and mixing rates increase with topographic height, but their vertical distributions differ between topographic regimes. As such, vertical profile of mixing efficiency is different for linear and non-linear topographic regimes, which may need to be incorporated into parameterizations of small-scale processes in models and estimates of ocean energy loss.
Exploring the Effects of Sampling Variability, Scale Variability, and Node Aggregation on the Consistency of Estimated Networks
Authors: Herrera-Bennett Arianne Constance , Rhemtulla Mijke
Published: July 2021

Work surrounding the replicability and generalizability of network models has increased in recent years, prompting debate on whether network properties can be expected to be consistent across samples. To date, certain methodological practices may have contributed to observed inconsistencies, including use of single-item indicators and non-identical measurement tools. The current study used a resampling approach to disentangle the effects of sampling variability from scale variability when assessing network replicability in empirical data. Additionally, we explored whether consistencies in network characteristics were improved when more items were aggregated to estimate node scores, which we hypothesized should yield more representative measures of latent constructs. Overall, using different scales produced more variability in network properties than using different samples, but these discrepancies were markedly reduced with larger samples and greater node aggregation. Findings underscored the impact of aggregating items when estimating nodes: Multi-item indicators led to denser networks, higher network sensitivity, greater estimates of global strength, and greater levels of consistency in network properties (e.g., edge weights, centrality scores). Taken together, variability in network properties across samples may arise from poor measurement conditions; additionally, variability may reflect properties of the true network model and/or the measurement instrument. All data and syntax are openly available online (https://osf.io/m37q2/).
The early bonobo gets the juice? The evolutionary roots of pre-crastination in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Schwob Natalie , Epping Amanda J. , Taglialatela Jared , Weiss Daniel J.
Published: July 2021

This paper is to appear in Animal Behavior and Cognition. ----- Pre-crastination refers to the propensity to initiate tasks at the earliest possible moment. Research with human adults has found that some individuals consistently chose to transport a nearby object a further distance rather than delay initiation of the transport to select an object closer to the target. This phenomenon has never been tested in animals using analogous methods. Consequently, we tested bonobos – the species most closely related to humans - using two versions of a comparable transport task. Overall, we found that all five bonobos tended to select the first object they encountered to transport to the goal. Unlike humans, the bonobos sometimes transported both available objects. Two of the five bonobos consistently pre-crastinated, a similar proportion to that found in human experiments. However, if the pre-crastination choice was non-functional, the bonobos chose the motorically efficient choice. In sum, our findings provide an existence proof for pre-crastination tendencies in some bonobos, akin to the distribution of this trait in humans. We discuss the possibility that the pre-crastination choice represents an automatic response triggered by the affordances of the objects encountered.
The Bayesian Approach to Audit Evidence: Quantifying Statistical Evidence using the Bayes Factor
Authors: Derks Koen , de swart jacques , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan , wetzels ruud
Published: July 2021

Statistical methods play an important role in auditors’ analyses of their clients’ data. A key component of the statistical approach to auditing is assessing the strength of evidence for or against a hypothesis. We argue that the frequentist statistical methods often used by auditors cannot provide the statistical evidence that audit standards advocate. In this article we discuss an alternative approach that can provide this evidence: Bayesian inference. First, we explore the philosophical differences between frequentist and Bayesian inference. Second, we discuss misconceptions in the interpretation of frequentist statistical evidence. Finally, we show (as an alternative to the frequentist p value) how the Bayes factor allows the auditor to obtain and interpret statistical evidence in line with audit standards. Thus, we contribute to audit theory and practice by showing how Bayesian inference can quantify audit evidence.
A Study of On-the-Go Reference Service Using Mobile Technology in Library
Authors: Panda Subhajit
Published: July 2021

Libraries all over the world are continually reinventing themselves to meet changing community needs and the increasing opportunities and associated challenges that modern and evolving technologies bring. In response to the current pandemic and to follow the government guidelines about the remote learning programme libraries & librarians face a huge need for real-time information from the faculty, staff member, students and researcher. On another side, financial crisis & cutting budget, unavailability of adequate staff, user awareness etc are the main issues faces by libraries while try to adopt new technologies for accepting the challenges & issues created by this pandemic. On this point, mobile technology, as an economical & affordable technological solution that help libraries to keep abreast of the dynamically changing needs of their clientele and identify the way of delivering user-centred services by surveying the user needs. The current study examines the exponential growth in the mobile communication system, both in terms of technology (generation) & user count, after considering the needs of the user community. In addition, the study sets out the basic steps for introducing a mobile reference service in a library, as well as its future uses and benefits.
Political Questions in Constitutional Lawsuits: In Pursuit of a Coherent Approach in Bangladesh
Authors: Malek Abdul
Published: July 2021

Political questions often enthusiastically surmounted the court’s threshold in constitutional litigations in Bangladesh, which gains considerable media exposure and momentum in public debate. While questions involving political overtone come into play, the Judiciary evolves as a site of politics and power and the politics as mega-political issues in ‘constitutional attire’. In such backgrounds, this paper’s chief spotlight focuses on the higher courts’ attitudes or trends to the justiciability of the political questions; and the degree of judicial engagement with the political questions doctrine as a principle. After examining whether courts hold a coherent approach in applying the doctrine of political questions for judicial intervention into politics, this paper further submits what is left of the doctrine to the Judiciary in the prospective context. It also uses searchlights on the imbroglios encountered due to the application, non-application, and over-application of the doctrine from time to time.
The effect of social benefit reform on educational inequality
Authors: Trinh Nhat An
Published: July 2021

Cross-country research argues that the design of welfare states and social protection systems shapes the intergenerational transmission of inequality. Studies that examine this relationship within a country are however lacking from the literature. Using difference-in-differences estimation and data from the Socio-Economic Panel, I analyse whether children of unemployment assistance recipients have lower educational attainment after changes to eligibility criteria, benefit levels and conditionality were introduced in Germany in 2005. I find that differences in the probability to attend the academic secondary school track between children of unemployment assistance recipients and children living in families, where no benefits are claimed, increased by 13 percentage points. In part, this was driven by the introduction of means-testing that changed the composition of unemployment assistance recipients towards the more disadvantaged. However, a further worsening in the financial conditions of these already disadvantaged families following reductions in benefit criteria appear as the main driver of the observed effect. By contrast, changes in parental subjective wellbeing due to increased benefit conditionality and stigma do not appear to play a significant mediating role.
Model Strategi Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Khusus Perempuan Melalui PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan dalam Prespektif Ekonomi Islam Didesa Paria Kecematan Poleang Tengah Kabupaten Bombana
Authors: Zamzami Mudrik , Zahraeni Ulfa
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Paria Kecematan Poleang Tengah Kabupaten Bombana. Adapun Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan 1) pelaksanaan program PNPM (Program nasional pemberdayaan Masyarak) model strategi meningkatkan kesejahteraan khusus perempuan melalui PNPM mandiri pedesaan dalam eksfektif ekonomi islam ,2) kendala pelaksanaan program PNPM simpan pinjam khusus perempuan sebagai modal usaha untuk peningkatan kesejateraan masyarakat di Desa Paria Kecematan Poleang Tengah Kabupaten Bombana,3) langkah-langkah yang ditempuh dalam menangani kendala-kendala pelaksanaan program PNPM simpan pinjam khusus perempuan sebagai modal usaha untuk peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Paria Kecematan Poleang Tengah Kabupaten Bombana Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua macam trianggulasi yaitu, pertama trianggulasi data dan trianggulasi teknik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif. Analisis interaktif digunakan untuk membandingkan data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan mengkaji dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) Pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat mandiri perdesaan simpan pinjam khusus perempuan di Desa Paria Kecematan Poleang Tengah Kabupaten Bombana sesuai dengan lingkup PNPM mandiri pedesaan khususnya penambahan permodalan simpan pinjam untuk kelompok perempuan (SPKP) Realisasi dengan jalan: Musyawarah antar desa sosialisasi, musyawarah desa sosialisasi, pencairan dana, penerimaan dana, dan sistem pencairan.2) Kendala dalam pelaksanaan program ini yaitu, keterlibatan pembayaran angsuran yang di karenakan terjadi keterpurukan dalam usah atau terjadinya penurunan dalam usaha dan banyak nasabah yang menggunakan uang pinjaman tidak untuk usaha. 3) Langkah yang di tempuh dalam menanggulangi kendala dalam program ini yaitu, mengadakan pertemuan setiap sebulan sekali yang membahas masalah angsuran setiap bulannya dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan program ini.
ANALISIS STRATEGI BISNIS MENGGUNAKAN SWOT ANALYSE PADA PT. PERTAMINA EP ASSET 5 BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Daswan Lestari
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian yang menganalisis strategi bisnis menggunakan SWOT analyse pada PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Balikpapan. Tujuan dari penelitian yakni untuk menganalisis dan mengendalikan faktor-faktor yang termasuk dalam lingkungan internal dan eksternal dalam menentukan beberapa alternatif strategi bisnis dan untuk menentukan strategi bisnis yang menjadi rekomendasi prioritas untuk digunakan oleh PT. Pertamina EP Cabang Balikpapan yang menggunakan QSPM berdasarkan strategi prioritas dari hasil analisis SWOT. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 105 karyawan dan  sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 7 orang karyawan PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Balikpapan yang terdiri dari  1 orang General Manager Asset 5, 1 orang Planning and Risk Management Manager, dan 5 orang karyawan Asset 5 Planning and Risk Management. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi SO yang muncul dari hasil SWOT pada penelitian ini yakni peningkatan teknologi untuk mendukung penyediaan produk yang berkualitas tinggi, menurunkan harga jual, memperhatikan kinerja HSE pengelolaan migas, melakukan pelatihan terhadap para karyawan, dan menjunjung tinggi kepercayaan dan integritas. Adapun yang menjadi prioritas pertama berdasarkan QSPM yakni pengembangan teknologi pengeboran yang harus segera dilaksanakan sebagai strategi bisnis PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Balikpapan.
The Costs of Emergency Certification: A Solution or Dilemma for School Leaders?
Authors: Jones-Castro Andrene
Published: July 2021

When there are teacher shortages, emergency certification allows individuals with a bachelor’s degree to enter the profession without having undergone formal education training or preservice preparation. Despite its widespread use in the United States, emergency certification is a poorly understood human resource process. Little is known about how principals perceive and assign meaning to the credential, how they engage with emergency credentialed teachers during the hiring phase, and, in turn, how they incorporate these teachers into the school environment after hire. This study draws on credential theory and uses qualitative methods to investigate school leaders’ perceptions of emergency-certified teachers in Oklahoma. Findings from this study shed new light on the use of emergency credentialing by highlighting school leaders’ mixed feelings about the policy and the challenges and limitations of providing necessary support systems for emergency-certified teachers. By illuminating the costs of emergency certification, findings offer implications for policy and practice.
GEORGIAN MENTALITY IN THE FIELD OF BUSINESS CULTURE
Authors:   Assistant professor of Black Sea International University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Murvanidze Iasha , Meishvili Giorgi ,   PhD in Business Administration, Tbilisi, Georgia
Published: July 2021

The article examines labor migration from China to Uzbekistan. The reasons, consequences and main problems of attracting labor from China are shown. The current state of economic and trade cooperation between China and Uzbekistan and the changes in the number of Chinese labor migrants in Uzbekistan in recent years are analyzed. And also, a recommendation was given to avoid negative consequences when attracting labor migrants from China.
УЧАСТИЕ КИТАЯ В МИРОТВОРЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ ООН В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ЮЖНЫЙ СУДАН
Authors:   Аспирант, Белорусский государственный университет, г. Минск, Беларусь, Юймэн Цзян
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes China's participation in the implementation of the UN peacekeeping mission in the Republic of South Sudan. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the results and significance of the activities of the Chinese peacekeepers in the South Sudan. In addition, the reason and purpose of China's participation in UN peacekeeping are shown. It also described China’s strategic and economic interestson the African continent.
National priorities and prospects for the development of the Eurasian Economic Integration
Authors: Vartanova Marina Lvovna
Published: July 2021

The chapter "National Priorities and Prospects for the Development of the Eurasian Economic Integration" is devoted to such issues as modern integration processes and prospects for the socio-economic development of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author describes the trends, problems, and contradictions of integration processes, and substantiates proposals for improving the effectiveness of building a new integration association in the post-Soviet space. A very positive impression on the reader is made by the thoroughness, the fundamental nature of the work under consideration, and the author's coverage of numerous aspects of the complex and acutely topical problem of the current state of the Eurasian Economic Union. This chapter will also be of undoubted and considerable benefit to all those who are interested in the problems of the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union.