bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lignes de rivage soulevées de Calabre méridionale : un enregistrement géomorphologique de variations climatiques rapides au cours des stades isotopiques 5c à 5a/Uplifted shorelines in southern Calabria: a geomorphic record of rapid climatic fluctuations from the 5c to 5a isotopic substages
Authors: Dumas Bernard , Guérémy Pierre , Raffy Jeannine
Published: October 2008

Abstract On the southern coast of Calabria (southern Italy), in the Palazzo Garibaldi area, several quarries provide good exposures and an opportunity for very accurate characterization of a flight of wave-cut platforms separated by paleosea-cliffs among which one is less than 1 m high. Transgressive pebble-rich marine deposits give evidence of these abrasion platforms which truncate the foreset beds of the conglomeratic substrate. With the help of seven electronic high-resolution altimeters, five successive paleoshorelines were measured between elevation of 124 and 96 m. In the Nocella area, a Tyrrhenian shoreline, exhibiting Strombus bubonius and raised to 164 m, is attributed to stage 5e and is considered as being the shoreline that corresponds to the oldest hot fluctuation of this Interglacial, the age of which is 130 ka. In coastal areas of the Mediterranean sea for which there is no evidence for neotectonic activity, the corresponding paleosea-level is about +3 m high. It is deducted a 1.24 m/ka uplift rate. As the number and elevation of shorelines at Nocella and Palazzo Garibaldi are similar, one is led to behave that they have been uplifted by roughly equal amounts. An attempt at correlating the raised paleoshorelines of the Palazzo Garibaldi area with hot peaks of the GRIP curve leads to attribute the 116 m shoreline to the second climato-eustatic maximum of substage 5c (Dansgaard-Oeschgef 's IS 23 = 102 ka). The 96 m shoreline would be correlated with IS 22 (= 87 ka, substage 5a probably). Within the lag which separates these two shorelines, two others, which are respectively at 112 m and 107 m, could be attached to fluctuations or stands which are visible on declining limb of the eustatic curve between IS 23 and IS 22 interstages. Finally between 105 and 87 ka, five hot oscillations (or plateaus) are recorded by shorelines currently ranging between 120 and 96 m. Two shorelines can be correlated with main fluctuations of substage 5c and two others belong to substage 5b, separated by an only 2-3 ka interval. This implies rapid climatic changes.
De la nécessaire prise en compte des sédiments dans la connaissance des variations récentes de la ligne de rivage. Exemples d'Aghios Andreas (Grèce) et de Guverdjine Kaya (Syrie)/Taking into account sediments in the assessment of recent variations in the coastline :the examples of Aghios Andreas (Greece) and Guverdjine Kaya (Syria)
Authors: Fouache Eric , Dalongeville Rémi
Published: October 2008

Résumé Les études de morphodynamique littorale accordent de plus en plus un rôle prédominant à la tectonique et à ses manifestations brusques voire instantanées. Pourtant, une étude attentive des séquences sédimentaires montre que, dans de nombreux cas, il existe une origine autre que tectonique à l'évolution des littoraux ou bien que ce sont des mouvements tectoniques lents qui en sont la cause. Il semble en effet que les sédiments de plage, notamment au cours de leur cimentation, enregistrent mieux que d'autres supports rocheux les événements morphodynamiques que le littoral a vécus. C'est ce que montrent les deux exemples que nous avons choisi de comparer, la baie d'Aghios Andreas en Élide (Grèce) et la falaise calcaire de Guverdjine Kaya en Syrie. Dans ces deux cas, une interprétation fondée sur l'examen du substratum calcaire a d'abord conduit à expliquer l'histoire morphodynamique du secteur littoral considéré par un certain nombre de mouvements tectoniques rapides. Mais une étude des épisodes sédimentaires concomitants démontre au contraire que les mouvements tectoniques ont été plus nombreux et que, de plus, certains d'entre eux ont été lents.
Les cordons de galets de la Baie des Anges : histoire environnementale et stratigraphique ; évolution morphodynamique récente en réponse à des aménagements/The gravel barriers of the Baie des Anges (French Riviera): environmental and stratigraphie history; recent morphodynamic responses to coastal management
Authors: Anthony Edward J. , Dubar Michel , Cohen Olivier
Published: October 2008

Abstract The gravel barriers of the Baie des Anges (French Riviera) protect the densely developed area of Nice against marine flooding. The general setting of these barriers is that of a steep coastal margin and shelf, and a fetch-limited, low wave-energy, almost tideless environment. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, these gravel barriers, which have yielded radiocarbon ages ranging from 3000 yr B.P. to Present, are part of a highstand systems tract comprising essentially gravelly river-channel and finer-grained floodplain, delta-plain and nearshore deposits. The local sea-level curve shows a strong slow-down in the Holocene transgression at around 4000 yr B.P. This change coincided with active upland erosion by mountain streams exhibiting catastrophic flow regimes that resulted in downstream bedload channel aggradation and seaward flushing of gravel clasts. The present gravel barriers, which may have been formed and dismantled successively during the eustatic transgression, are an outgrowth of these bioclimatic conditions and of the change from transgression to stillstand. Once gravel supply from river mouths to the littoral drift system became efficient, the gravel barriers became consolidated by bi-directional longshore drift with changing drift termini, in response to short, poorly refracted waves coming from a wide zone spanning east to south-west. The barriers seem to have been morphodynamically stable forms as a result of their highly gravelly composition, relative sea-level stability, and the almost tideless, low energy and fetch- limited hydrodynamic setting of the bay. Stability was enhanced by crestal buildup, a drift-aligned plan-form configuration that enabled longshore transfer of fluvial sediment to make good losses to the steep nearshore shelf, and a textural organisation that favoured segregation between coarse and fine clasts, leading, in the long run, to relative enrichment in coarse clasts and resistance to change. The barrier sediment budgets were balanced, with gains from the coastal rivers compensating for the losses to the steep nearshore zone, which also considerably limited progradation. Over the past century, human activities have resulted in the destabilization of the barrier beach sediment budgets, initiating a phase of slow, uneven erosion and textural disorganisation. To counter this erosion, gravel nourishment has been practised on certain portions of beach in the last twenty years. Optimization of these periodic nourishment campaigns however requires not only a fine understanding of the environmental context and mechanisms of morphodynamic development of these gravel barriers but also of the hydrodynamic processes involved in their breakdown.
Les effets de la fonte sur la sédimentation de dépôts d'avalanche de neige chargée dans le massif des Ecrins (Alpes françaises)/The effects of the snow melt on the sedimentation of dirty snow avalanche deposits in the Ecrins Massif (French Alps)
Authors: Jomelli Vincent
Published: October 2008

Abstract We study the effects of the snow-melt on the sedimentation of dirty snow avalanche deposits in the french Alps (Massif des Ecrins). The approach consists in measuring the fabrics of 275 rock debris on three dirty snow avalanche deposits and then to repeat the analysis after the snow has melted. During this second phase, we also measure the displacement of the rock debris down the slope. Results show that snow-melt does not necessarily cause a displacement of the avalanche debris. When it occurs, i. e. in 32 % of cases, movement can be produced either in a downslope or across-slope direction, but also in an upslope direction when the snow avalanche deposit present a chaotic surface morphology. In most of cases, the distance covered does not exceed 10 cm. Some extreme values can reach 1 m. Snow melt also causes a modification of the initial clast fabrics. Apart from marginally increasing the rate of clast entrainment in the slope system, another major consequence is to provoke in-situ pitch readjustments (40 % of samples). Nevertheless, individual variations appear to be random and not systematic. The limited effect of snow melt as a geomorphological agent is explained by the entrapment of numerous smaller- sized clasts (intermediate axis < 15 cm) in the voids which are vacated by snow during snow melt. The insinuation of these smaller clasts into the openwork fabric of the larger clasts not only removes them from the surface but also increases the angle of static friction of the entire deposit. This form of hetero- granular interlocking significantly hampers the possibility of redistributing the smaller sized debris by snow-melt alone.
Spatial distribution of dolines as an indicator of recent deformations on the Velebit mountain range (Croatia)/La répartition spatiale des dolines comme indicateur de contraintes tectoniques. Montagne de Velebit (Croatie)
Authors: Faivre Sanja , Reiffsteck Philippe
Published: October 2008

Summary In the karstic domain, dolines can be used as a sensitive indicator of tectonic activity. Even if the development of dolines is primarily the consequence of the rock nature and climatic conditions, its spatial repartition is basically determined by the geological structure. The spatial analysis of dolines allows us the measurement of strain and stress to which the studied area has been submitted during recent periods. The Velebit mountain range, as a part of the Outer Dinarides, seems very interesting due to the numerous- ness of dolines and its recent tectonic activity. This analysis has been realised owing to the centre to centre method (Ramsay, 1967; Fry, 1979) as well as to the projection method (Panozzo, 1984), which were, both adapted to the of dolines.
La difficile cohabitation de la géologie "profonde" et de la géomorphologie au pied des Monts Ibériques occidentaux/The hard coexistence of "deep" geology and geomorphology at the foot of Western Iberian Ranges
Authors: Lemartinel Bertrand
Published: October 2008

Abstract On the northern piedmont of the Western Iberian Ranges, geophysical, geological and geomorphological studies have been under way for several years. The researchers involved have rarely or never met. It is a regrettable situation, insofar as it fails to confront the data used to elaborate tectonic models on the one hand with the geomorphological field evidence and related long-term landscape development models on the other. Thus, the problem of geoscientific consistency and coherence in the Iberian Ranges is not yet solved and has admittedly not even started to be addressed in a comprehensive manner. A two-way approach is advocated and, while geomorphologists must take account of past and present tectonic stress fields, the geophysical models, although intrinsically valid, must be cross-correlated with the sedimentological and geomorphological realities of this particularly complex terrain. Contrary to the large Alpine orogens, where powerful tectonic forces have led to the destruction of most pre-Pliocene landforms, the Western Iberian Ranges preserve relics of quite ancient geomorphic events. These are put forward in this study and must be given credit in a multidisciplinary debate which has hardly begun.
Rythmes de denudation tertiaire et quaternaire en Ecosse occidentale/Tertiary denudation and Quaternary erosion rates in Western Scotland
Authors: Le Cœur Charles
Published: October 2008

Résumé La bordure occidentale de l'Ecosse offre un bel exemple de socle englacé au cours du Quaternaire. La denudation tertiaire, commandée par les rythmes tectoniques et contrôlée par l'altération différentielle, correspond à une durée de 50 Ma. Par contre, le temps des dynamiques froides quaternaires n'excède pas 1,6 Ma. Il importe de savoir si le changement radical dans les modalités de la morphogenèse a pu induire une modification majeure dans le rythme de l'érosion. La denudation tertiaire estimée sommairement à partir des vestiges d'aplanissements étages et déformés, correspond à un abaissement topographique de 10 m par Ma, au voisinage immédiat de l'axe du bombement tectonique des Highlands. L'érosion glaciaire, estimée a minima à partir du volume des dépôts étalés sur la marge sous-marine des Hébrides, représente une ablation sensiblement supérieure à 10 m par Ma. L'évolution quaternaire, dans son ensemble, n'apparaît donc pas seulement comme une phase d'accélération de l'érosion, mais plutôt comme une période d'accentuation des formes qui se place en continuité avec la phase d'incision consécutive aux mouvements tectoniques pliocenes.
Les dépôts d'avalanches de débris du Cantal (France) : témoins de la construction du plus grand strato­volcan européen d'âge miocène / The debris-avalanche deposits of the Cantal (France): witnesses of the construction of the largest perialpine stratovolcano
Authors: Nehlig Pierre , Dardon Arnaud , Fréour Gwenael , Huguet David , Leyrit Hervé
Published: October 2008

Abstract The Cantal stratovolcano, one of the largest European stratovolcanoes (at present 70 km in diameter, 2500 km2 and 400 km3) was emplaced between 13 and 2 Ma on an uplifted Hercynian basement associated with Oligocène sedimentary basins. The main activity between 8.5 and 7 Ma led to the construction of a high trachyandesitic stratovolcano and its associated laharic piedmont. This edifice collapsed several times, producing gigantic debris-avalanche deposits (total volume 245 km3) that are widespread in the Cantal and as far as 40 km from its center. Abundant isotopic Ar-Ar and K-Ar data indicates the existence of a minimum of four debris avalanches, respectively older than 7.4 Ma (to the east and north), between 7.4 and 7.2 Ma (to the west) and less than 7.2 Ma (to the south and the south-west). The length covered by the debris avalanches implies that the volcanoes reached altitudes higher than 3000 m above sea level.
Les effets des glissements de terrain sur la morphodynamique fluviale dans le bassin de la Layou (La Dominique, Antilles) / Landslides and morphodynamics in the watershed of the Layou River (Dominica, West Indies)
Authors: Bravard Jean-Paul , James Arlington , Pagney Bénito-Espinal Françoise
Published: October 2008

Résumé La Layou est un fleuve côtier de la Dominique (Antilles) qui a subi depuis 1988 une série de glissements de terrain catastrophiques dans une partie limitée de son bassin versant soumis à des pluies tropicales. Ces glissements répétés sur le même site de gorges ont provoqué la formation de lacs de barrage depuis 1997. Leur rupture a entraîné des décharges sédimentaires vers l'aval, provoquant le remblaiement du lit fluvial jusqu'à la côte et des inondations ; ces processus ont donné lieu à une série de cycles rapprochés d'exhaussement-incision du lit de la Layou. La relaxation du système fluvial depuis 1999 se traduit par un déstockage sédimentaire rapide ; celui-ci est accéléré par des extractions massives à l'aval et par une érosion régressive activée par les crues naturellement peu chargées. La vallée est presque revenue aux conditions antérieures, mais elle reste sous la menace d'une rupture d'un des lacs de barrage susceptible de provoquer une catastrophe à l'aval.
Influence de la végétation forestière sur la formation de dépôts sédimentaires en terrains marneux/ Influence of forest vegetation on sediment delivery in marly terrain
Authors: Rey Freddy , Robert Yannick , Vento Olivier
Published: October 2008

Résumé La maîtrise de l'érosion par la végétation forestière, pour la prévention et la lutte contre les risques torrentiels et l'envasement des retenues hydroélectriques, reste une préoccupation importante des aménageurs dans les Alpes françaises du Sud. Les études en cours, menées sur plusieurs sites des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, visent à mieux comprendre l'influence de la végétation forestière sur la production sédimentaire de terrains marneux, à différentes échelles spatiales : celles du versant de ravine, de la ravine élémentaire et du bassin versant. Il en ressort que la végétation forestière joue non seulement un rôle de protection des sols par couverture et fixation, mais également un rôle de piégeage et de fixation des sédiments à l'amont des barrières qu'elle constitue. Les résultats montrent, de ce fait, l'importance de la distribution spatiale de la végétation forestière sur une ravine, notamment des strates herbacées et buissonnantes, pour une réduction significative de la production de sédiments à son exutoire. L'intérêt de ces résultats réside dans leur application à la gestion du risque torrentiel et au contrôle de l'érosion, dans un objectif d'optimisation des travaux de génie écologique, ainsi qu'à la cartographie du risque torrentiel.
Nile delta margin: failed and fluidized deposits concentrated along distributary channels / La marge du delta du Nil : concentration de dépôts fracturés et fluidisés le long des paléo­chenaux fluviatiles
Authors: Stanley Jean-Daniel
Published: October 2008

Abstract Previous sediment studies on the Holocene Nile delta margin have emphasized fluvial input and coastal processes, but have overlooked the failure of depositional sequences by syn- and post-depositional events. Herein, petrologic analysis of sediment sections in cores collected along the Nile delta margin indicates the presence of disturbed strata. These modified deposits are not randomly distributed, but are concentrated along former Holocene distributary channels, and generally absent between these Nile branches. Sediment failure involving fluidization, mass flow, and fault-offset prevailed from the mid- to late Holocene, especially since -4,500 years before present. Bedding disturbance was caused by deposition of sediment with high pore water pressure at and seaward of Nile distributary mouths, with flooding along channel mouths believed to be the major trigger of failure. These geohazards were responsible for destruction and partial submergence of the ancient cities of Herakleion and Eastern Canopus in western Abu Qir Bay from -100 B.C. to 741 A.D. Although floods no longer occur since the closure of the Aswan High Dam, some cities constructed on older water-saturated underconsolidated sediment along the modern delta coast remain prone to failure. Protection measures for expanding population centers on the Nile margin warrant thorough civil engineering surveys, including analyses of physical properties of the sediment substrate, with implementation of viable building codes.
Géologues et géographes français face à la théorie davisienne (1896-1909) : retour sur "l'intrusion" de la géomorphologie dans la géographie / On the adoption of the Davisian theory by French geographers and its rejection by geologists (1896-1909): birth of an ideological watershed in the Earth sciences
Authors: Giusti Christian
Published: October 2008

Résumé Comprendre le paradoxe des origines de la géomorphologie géographique en France au début du xxe siècle est indissociable de la connaissance du positionnement des géologues et des géographes français à l'égard des concepts de la géomorphologie américaine, qui ont été coordonnés à partir de 1885 par W. M. Davis en un vaste corps de doctrines. Les causes possibles du rejet du davisianisme par la communauté géologique et de son adoption par la communauté géographique sont examinées et discutées, en particulier le poids des facteurs extra scientifiques dans le contexte politique, social et intellectuel très particulier de la France entre 1871 et 1914. Sur le plan scientifique, l'idée est avancée que, en dernier ressort, l'enjeu ne fut autre que le droit à discourir sur l'expression géographique de l'ensemble des phénomènes liés au "temps profond", c'est-à-dire le temps géologique.
Orientations culturelles de Monde (1928) d'après le lexique de la rédaction
Authors: Bonnaud-Lamotte Danièle
Published: October 2008

ORIENTATIONS CULTURELLES DE MONDE (1928) D'APRÈS LE LEXIQUE DE LA RÉDACTION A partir des sorties du programme Concordances de M. Sékhraoui (12 articles de critique littéraire tirés de la revue Monde, 1928), D. B.-L. et J. R. dégagent deux groupes d'auteurs présentant des particularités lexicales : les collaborateurs soviétiques et la Rédaction. Le vocabulaire de cette dernière se répartit en trois champs principaux : un lexique politique où la terminologie du matérialisme dialectique est volontairement évitée ; un lexique reflétant la recherche d'une esthétique nouvelle pour créer une culture nouvelle ; un lexique énonciatif et injonctif définissant l'éthique de la revue. Cette démarche fit accuser Monde d'un « confusionnisme » récusé par les auteurs de l'article.
Le vocabulaire de l'antisémitisme en France pendant l'affaire Dreyfus
Authors: Honoré Jean-Paul
Published: October 2008

LE VOCABULAIRE DE L'ANTISÉMITISME EN FRANCE PENDANT L'AFFAIRE DREYFUS L'examen de la presse politique qui couvrit l'Affaire Dreyfus met en relief les quatre bases de la terminologie antisémite : registre religieux (le moins important), registre social (assez partagé jusqu'au suicide du colonel Henry), registre nationaliste (à la fois antisémite et antisocialiste) et registre raciste (où l'on pourrait apercevoir dans certaines ambiguïtés sémantiques des désirs d'expulsion/extermination). Ces quatre discours se recoupent largement, la phraséologie antijuive ayant pour fonction, dans le cadre de la stratégie social-nationaliste qui se dessine à l'époque, de favoriser des convergences idéologiques parfois surprenantes.
L'utopie socialiste selon Péguy. Etude lexicologique de cité et citoyen
Authors: Leroy Géraldi
Published: October 2008

PEGUY'S CONCEPT OF SOCIALIST UTOPIA. LEXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF CITÉ AND CITOYEN The last decade of the nineteenth century is marked by an intense interest in socialist Utopias. G. L. has selected two texts of the young Peguy : De la cité socialiste (CS, august 1897) and Marcel, Premier dialogue de la cité harmonieuse (CH, june 1898). Through the study of the vocabulary, he examines the way in which cité and citoyen fit into Peguy's concept of socialist Utopia. The analysis of specificities stikingly demonstrates the contrast between the two texts on six axes : temporal indications, evaluation, possibility of negations, the absence of technical vocabulary, the spiritual tone of an « axiology without axiometry », CH appears to be a « maximum Utopia » of Kantian type, in which the only rule is the harmony of wills. It is, among Peguy's works, a text which is marginal and without antecedent.
Le fascisme dans les textes de la Nouvelle droite
Authors: Seidel Gillian
Published: October 2008

LE FASCISME DANS LES TEXTES DE LA NOUVELLE DROITE Pour caractériser les pratiques signifiantes de la Nouvelle droite (ND), G.S. analyse d'abord sa relation au fascisme. Puis elle cherche à déterminer les mécanismes, d'ordre linguistique ou non, qui rendent le discours de la ND « acceptable » et l'investissement d'une certaine autorité. Elle met d'abord en relation les sémantiques de la situation et du texte, selon les trois composantes du modèle de Halliday (idéationnelle, interpersonnelle, textuelle). Puis elle analyse, dans un article d'Éléments, les acteurs en présence, les faits d'énonciation et les classes sémiologiques ; ce texte apparaît alors comme un discours polémique qui, en se présentant comme un discours « explicatif », se donne ainsi les moyens de « faire autorité ». En récupérant certains thèmes de gauche (par exemple celui du « droit à la différence »), la ND contribue à la mise en circulation et à l'acceptabilité de discours qui visent, à travers un certain « flou », à ré-crire l'histoire.
Le vocabulaire spécifique des motions Mitterrand, Rocard et CERES au congrès de Metz (1979)
Authors: Bonnafous Simone
Published: October 2008

SPECIFIC VOCABULARY OF THE MOTIONS OF MITTERRAND, ROCARD AND THE CERES AT THE METZ CONGRESS (1979) On the basis of a lexicometric analysis of the specific vocabulary of the seven motions tabled at the Metz Congress, S.B. presents the tables of specificities (positive and negative) of motions A (Mitterrand), С (Rocard) and E (CERES). Motion A shows a predilection for electoral and institutional vocabulary in which the lexicon of need and struggles is poorly represented. Motion С is characterized by a rhetoric of preference and evidence in which political vocabulary is under represented at the cost of the social. Motion E differs from the two previous motions in that it shows a marked presence of ideological vocabulary, a clear designation of the social and political protagonists, and priority is given to the national theme in preference to the European theme. To conclude, S.B. proposes three tables which synthesize the differences and oppositions between the three texts in relation to the designation of the left wing parties and the social actors.
Vers une littérature nouvelle en 1929 : mots et concepts
Authors: Bonnaud-Lamotte Danièle , Hainaut Marie-Noëlle
Published: October 2008

TOWARDS A NEW LITERATURE IN 1929: WORDS AND CONCEPTS Having studied a corpus front Monde (1929) based on the alphabetical index and the concordances, we were able to make a list of the vocabulary of literary criticism of that time. We have listed syntagms (i.e. word groups), newly appeared in French, made up of n literary term(s) + n term(s) belonging to the rethoric of the Third International. These new terms and others, more traditional, tend to define the paths leading to a new literature that will criticize but not discard «the cultural legacy» and the contemporary creation and open them up to the new revolutionary prospects. The writer has to create works within the reach of the reader and, so, help him to become «a new man». This tempered and carefully worded approach sharply distinguishes Barbusse' s review, in 1929, from the literary pecularities and verbal excessivness of Breton's Révolution surréaliste.
Grammaire et idéologie du titre de journal
Authors: Mouillaud Maurice
Published: October 2008

THE GRAMMAR AND IDEOLOGY OF THE NEWSPAPER TITLE To consider the grammar and ideology, or rather the grammar of the title as the support — intermediary — for an ideology, is to show a certain prejudice for a grammar in preference to semantics, for a form rather than a content. Instead of considering newspapers from the viewpoint of what may have once been called their (ideologico-political) conditions of production, M. M. views the newspaper as a matrix and origine of utterances, a place where they are formed. What has been described here is "le lieu journalique" par excellence, the title; and that which is formed in the title is the discourse — if not the language — of information. M. M. used Le Monde as a reference. The structure of the titles discovered in Le Monde seemed to him to be the fully developped form which is achieved in other newspapers by forms which are more or less complete, though not unforeign to this model. Le Monde therefore makes it possible to understand the paradigm of the newspaper utterance in its most legible form.
« Locus solus », de Raymond Roussel. Le poids idéologique du refus du réel
Authors: Rojas Waldo
Published: October 2008

R. ROUSSEL'S LOCUS SOLUS, THE IDEOLOGICAL WEIGHT OF THE DENIAL OF REALITY W.R. investigates several lines of research into the narrative an stylistic processes of Locus Solus. Starting from the exhaustive study of the text, W.R. attempts first of all in his search for signs of the "refus du réel" (denial of reality) ideology to deciphre the organisation of the Rousselien narrative, its particular processes of construction and its method of lexical selection. This conceptual approach is followed by a descriptive part in which W.R., by comparing Locus Solus to other texts, highlights the extreme singularity of this text bbth in the variety of forms used and in the morphological proximity. The apparent normality of the narrative surface is challenged by the quantitative and qualitative characteristics which have been discovered.
Le vocabulaire de l'anticléricalisme en France de l'Affaire à la Séparation (1898-1905)
Authors: Honoré Jean-Paul
Published: October 2008

THE VOCABULARY OF ANTI-CLERICALISM IN FRANCE FROM THE DREYFUS AFFAIR TO THE SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH AND THE STATE. 1898-1905 in France was a period marked with new words (like anticléricalisme, combisme, the word family of laïc) or with words suddenly assuming new political values in social confrontations (like séparation, congrégation). J.-P.H. makes an inventory ot the principal characteristics of the morphological creations in that period, which includes an enormous body of neologisms with pejorative or parodical suffixes. Some derivative strings come from the productive poles: catholique, chrétien, clérical, jésuite (and prêtre, moine, religieux). These strings bring together a whole display of metonymies and metonymical derivatives which are sustitute to the series of designations with a play on a number of specific traits ffroc, calotte, tonsure, goupillon... ) and on some caricatured «models» (Tartuffe, Escobar, Loyola, flamidien, capucin ... ). Symbolic micro-systems accompagny these polemical promotions. Thus the colour black (the «blahs» are the priests), l'obscurantisme, l'éteignoir contrast with the rationalist and républicain lumière, whereas the right wing, for its part, is sit against Christian values making antisemitic and anti-protestant references. The two systems of dénonciation intersect in the discourse of the so called « revolutionary » right wing, where the contre-église freemason is in his turn provided with an abundant stock of words influencing the congregation. These include: tartuffes rouges, cléricalisme maçonnique, curés à barbes, jésuites à robe courte ... Le petit père Combes isn't he also l'Abbé Combes, le défroqué? Thus the anti-clerical discourse is subject to the law governing all political discourse for its creation as well as for its reprocessing.
Le système de programmation Déredec
Authors: Plante Pierre
Published: October 2008

THE DÉREDEC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM The Déredec is a general programming system used for the automatic analysis of texts. Its essential caracteristic is in the fact that it allows the addition of descriptions to the elements which make up the text. These are attached either to one element (paradigmatic desriptor), or to several; in the latter case the description can produce relations which join together the group of elements in question (syntagmatic descriptor). These two properties confer on the system all kinds of possibilities with regard to textual analysis. One particular important case is clearly formed by syntactic analysis. Déredec allows us to operate a grammar (Descriptive grammar of the Text) which produces a syntactic analysis of the text; it also allows us to programme patterns of exploration permitting the analysis of this structured whole.
Bilan critique d'une recherche en analyse du discours
Authors: Bonnafous Simone
Published: October 2008

A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYTICAL RESEARCH OF SPEED Here S.B. attempts the critical analysis of the research which she led two years, ago with a view to comparing the language of different proposals put forward at the Metz congress of the socialist party (1979). It is an opportunity for her to refer back to the two methods that she used: the automatic analysis of language and lexicometry. Taking the way they work step by step she brings out their weakness, detects certain arbitrary aspects and notes the moments when the interference of the research worker deflects a process which is on the surface rigorous. She also shows how the conditions of application and efficiency belonging to each method have led her to modify the corpus submitted for analysis, and the difficulty that that has involved in comparing their results. S.B. tries to extend her conclusions into the discourse analysis general. Her study also deals with crucial questions such as the formulation of hypothesis, the constitution of corpus and the use of several conjoined methods.
Le verlan : argot d'école ou langue des Keums ?
Authors: Bachmann Christian , Basier Luc
Published: October 2008

VERLAN: SCHOOL SLANG OR KEUMS' LANGUAGE? What is the real meaning of the word verlan (syllabic inversion of l'envers) which has been popularized by the mass media ? The authors define and examine four distinct senses. They subsequently undertake a sociolinguistic description of a new social phenomenon : the emergence of a peculiar kind of street slang, spoken especially by young people in housing estates in the suburbs of Paris.
Subsistance(s) et discours publics dans la France d'ancien régime (1709-1785)
Authors: Guilhaumou Jacques
Published: October 2008

SUBSISTANCE(S) ET DISCOURS PUBLICS DANS LA FRANCE D'ANCIEN RÉGIME (1709-1785) Lorsqu'il tente de rendre compte de l'historicité des textes, l'analyste du discours bute sur une série d'obstacles qu'il s'efforce actuellement de contourner tout en maintenant un ancrage de la description textuelle dans l'espace linguistique. Ainsi, la caractérisation empirique du thème des subsistances au sein de l'opinion publique française dans la seconde moitié du 18e siècle renvoie à un parti pris méthodologique précis : il s'agit de mettre en évidence l'impact, au niveau des résultats, d'une description des horizons langagiers constitutifs d'un thème donné, antérieurement à toute analyse formelle de séries d'énoncés et/ou de mots. Le moment du corpus, ici le répertoire géographique et linguistique des noms propres dans les Dialogues de Galiani, permet alors de saisir, au sein même d'un trajet thématique, l'événement discursif dans sa réalité stratégique.
Honnêtes gens en l'an IV : les mots, enjeu et reflet des luttes politiques
Authors: Wartelle François
Published: October 2008

LES MOTS, ENJEUX ET REFLETS DES LUTTES POLITIQUES: HONNÊTES GENS EN L'AN IV (1795-1796) L'expression honnêtes gens connaît un succès sans précédent dans la presse républicaine entre l'insurrection royaliste manquée du 5 octobre 1795 et l'échec de la conspiration babouviste du 10 mai 1796. Les emplois du terme sont d'abord peu nombreux, d'horizons politiques divers et pas tous péjoratifs; ils deviennent plus abondants, plus univoques et fortement dévalorisants à mesure que s'accentue la poussée démocratique. Une polémique sur la définition du terme divise le camp républicain. Les tenants de l'orthodoxie lexicale cherchent à conserver au terme sa valeur culturelle (pluriel ď honnête homme). Au contraire, la plupart des républicains unitaires jouent de l'association établie en 1793-1794 (honnêtes gens = aristocrates), occultent les antagonismes intrarépublicains et tentent de faire du vocable l'équivalent de chouans, de contre-révolutionnaires. Pourtant, sous la pression de la faction démocratique (Babeuf et Lebois), les connotations sociales (honnêtes gens = riches) deviennent prépondérantes au printemps 1796. Dès lors, les modérés, incapables de contrôler le glissement sémantique, préfèrent abandonner le terme qui devient l'apanage des seuls patriotes prononcés.
Quand nous est cité
Authors: Descamps Jean-Luc
Published: October 2008

WHEN NOUS IS PART OF A QUOTATION As a pronoun, nous(we/us), when found in a particular text, does not, in general, explicitly stands for a noun. However, when it is in a quotation, it does. So, if only for the sake of the argument, it is possible to imagine a robot put to the task of analyzing such nous. Let us consider first a multitextual corpus of 42 000 words from the political press, dealing with the 1967 and 1968 French general elections. Then let us imagine a robot which has the task of producing 1. an index, 2. a significant concordance and 3. an extensive analysis of all the quoted nous in the corpus. What output can we expect ? The automatic establishing of the index seems feasible, despite the wide variety of punctuation marks of quotation. As regards the concordance, it appears that contexts of two paragraphs would provide us with the minimum of interesting information. As for the extensive analysis, it would seem beyond the competence of a robot. This is because the knowledge of at least 16 textual or situational variables would be necessary for it to reply to the following nest of embedded questions which alone could deal with the communicative value of nous in a quotation : what is the aim of the person quoting the quotation which includes nous when si he quotes the person who - in whose name and to what end - uses nous in the quotation ?
Nous/vous/tous : la fête de l'union du 10 août 1793
Authors: Guilhaumou Jacques
Published: October 2008

NOUS/VOUS/TOUS : LA FÊTE DE L'UNION DU 10 AOÛT 1793 Le but de la recherche est d'identifier, au terme de la description d'un trajet thématique, des récurrences linguistiques significatives d'un événement, la fête de l'union du 10 août 1793 à Paris. Au départ, l'investigation prend en compte la diversité des archives anticipant ou relatant cet événement de la Révolution française. Une dispersion d'énoncés s'organise autour de la série énonciative nous/vous/tous. Au désir d'identification entre sans-culottes parisiens et sans-culottes des départements (nous = vous), succède, pendant le déroulement de la fête, la proximité nous/tous. L'analyse, en second lieu, d'un état de corpus (les 46 emplois du nous dans le numéro 271 du Père Duchesne d'Hébert) ouvert sur son co-texte, c'est-à-dire sur les configurations énonciatives antérieurement décrites, permet de spécifier une stratégie textuelle face à l'événement en termes discursifs. A partir d'effets discursifs issus de données grammaticales (coordination et thématisation), Hébert traduit l'événement dans la problématique du lien social (vous et nous).
Peuples/peuples : Moreno et l'émancipation américaine (1810)
Authors: Goldman Noemí
Published: October 2008

PUEBLO/PUEBLOS : MORENO AND THE AMERICAN EMANCIPATION (1810) Starting from a semantic analysis of the terms pueblo/pueblos, N.G. draws the main features of the social- political ideology of M. Moreno, a revolutionary leader of the Rio de la Plata in the 1800's, and shows its evolution. Moreno's specific political knowledge arises from pueblo seen first as the American community, then as the colonized masses. The necessary relation between liberty and equality links the national and the social points of view. Finally, colonial emancipation is nothing else than the social emancipation of the non-creole groups. This thematic link puts in a new light the relation between morenism and robespierrism : Moreno's reference to the French Jacobins appears as the conceptual cristallization of an historical stake.
Deux désignants nationaux dans les discours du trône de Hassan II : Peuple et Pays
Authors: Jamai-Lahbabi Fatima
Published: October 2008

DEUX DÉSIGNANTS NATIONAUX DANS LE DISCOURS DU TRÔNE DE HASSAN II PEUPLE ET PAYS Les deux désignants sociaux les plus fréquents dans les Discours du trône prononcés par Hassan II entre 1962 et 1982 sont peuple et pays. Se référant pour l'essentiel de leurs occurrences au Maroc, ils donnent de celui-ci une image complexe. L'analyse se concentre sur trois discours, à intervalles de dix ans. Pour dégager les représentations que ces deux « pivots » véhiculent, une grille de « champs sémantiques » est appliquée aux phrases du corpus qui les contiennent. On caractérise tour à tour l'« assiette » de ces mots (prédéterminants), le réseau de leurs « équivalents » en discours, celui de leurs « opposés », celui de leurs « qualifiants », celui de leurs « actions de » (quand le pivot est agentifié), celui de leurs « actions sur » (quand il est pris pour cible). De cet inventaire thématique ressortent deux images différentes du Maroc : un peuple récepteur, diversement appelé au partage des responsabilités, un pays invoqué, justifiant le pouvoir exercé. Hassan II parle au peuple au nom du pays. Ces deux termes servent à le situer dans sa fonction d'interprète et d'arbitre.
Le « new-look » du néo-fascisme italien
Authors: Cheles Luciano
Published: October 2008

LE « NEW LOOK » DU NÉO-FASCISME ITALIEN. THÈMES, STYLES ET SOURCES DE LA RÉCENTE PROPAGANDE DE L'EXTRÊME DROITE PARLEMENTAIRE Tout comme son langage, la propagande graphique du parti néo-fasciste italien, le Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), a connu, au cours des dix dernières années, un net changement par rapport au style « épico- fascisto-machiste » des années 1930. Les affiches du MSI sur le divorce (1974), les femmes (1975), le terrorisme (1979, 1981), la drogue (1981), la répression gouvernementale (1983) présentent de nouveaux thèmes (reprise de l'iconographie chrétienne), un nouveau style graphique (« artistique » plutôt que « réaliste »), des emprunts aux affiches et aux slogans de l'extrême gauche. Mais cette modernisation est aussi un camouflage : les affiches présentent des traits ou allusions qui montrent que le MSI n'a pas renié ses origines.
Marques et fonctions du texte de l'autre dans la presse de droite et d'extrême droite (1973-1982)
Authors: Bonnafous Simone , Fiala Pierre
Published: October 2008

MARKS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE OTHER'S TEXT IN THE PRESS OF THE RIGHT AND EXTREME- RIGHT WING (1973-1982) The comparative analysis of the forms of reported speech in a sample of leading articles of the political press brings to light the strategies used by the right-wing circles from the beginning of 1970's in their attempt to strengthen their ideological foundations. First of all formal similarities are underlined in 3 newspapers, La Lettre de la Nation, Le National, Militant which present an essentially negative and polemical image of the Other ; L'Appel and Eléments make a clearly positive use of the other's words, the former to perpetuate the Gaullist myth, the latter to start a new political right reflection. In the leading articles of Le Figaro explicit reference to the Other is systematically erased. From a more global point of view one sets apart amongst speech strategies those with an offensive character (Eléments, Le National, Militant) ; those which advocate legitimity (Le Figaro, La Lettre de la that L'Appel dedicated to the defense its inspirer.
La « hiérarchie des sentiments »
Authors: Honoré Jean-Paul
Published: October 2008

THE « HIERARCHY OF FEELINGS This work is based upon a study of various texts but mainly on leading articles from the « Front National ». It shows the discrimatory aspects of its language, marked by Barrès's political heritage. The stress put on the relation to the land expresses an obsession of racial unity ; the nationalistic values, extended to the whole of western Europe, cover eugenic preoccupations. As a result, a new definition is given to the word immigré. The foreigner is characterized in an alarmist way. This impression is reinforced by images of catastrophes and by the description, far from symbolic, of a state of war. Concealed behind arguments that pretend to reveal the real meaning of anti-racism, behind a careful selection of terms, behind euphemisms, we can discover the racist implications of such a discourse. For the political family to which the « Front National » belongs, but also for a public opinion influenced by racist themes, the connection J.-M. Le Pen suggests between « what is thought » and « what he says » creates a feeling of mutual understanding that goes beyond and clarifies the ambiguities of the literal meaning. This strategy of hints and implicit conclusions is convenient in so far it can always be denied ; but it is also liable to slips which clearly reveal, if necessary, that the « Front National », in spite of J.-M. Le Pen's denials, is linked to the tradition of xenophobic extremism.
Européanisme, nationalisme, libéralisme dans les éditoriaux de Louis Pauwels (Figaro-Magazine, 1977-1984)
Authors: Krikorian Nathalie
Published: October 2008

EUROPEANISM, NATIONALISM AND LIBERALISM IN THE LEADING ARTICLES OF LOUIS PAUWELS IN THE FIGARO MAGAZINE (1977-84) Since 1968, the Figaro Magazine, played a major role in the strategy of the New Right to reconquer French mentalities. From 1977 to 1980, we can distinguish a first neo-paganist ideological period during which Louis Pauwels develops some racist arguments founded on the notions of identity and difference. At the same time he defends his thesis in favour of an organicist hierarchical society. His aristocratical contempt for the masses and his anti-judeochristian convictions lead him to consider the americano-Russian levelling model as carrying out the universalist philosophers. The victory of the left wing in 1981, reveals in Louis Pauwels discourse a change of perspective expressed in the giving up of his pro-germanist positions for the benefit of an activist pro-American attitude. Louis Pauwels is in favour of Reagan and a fervent admirer of Mrs. Thatcher. He develops the same ideas of inequality, but this time, on the basis of social selection in the style of Darwin, focused on the struggle between individuals.
Egalitarisme et féminisme
Authors: Marcil-Lacoste Louise
Published: October 2008

EGALITARISM AND FEMINISM The question of equality seems to produce a specifically feminine dilemma : women would be committed both to object to inequality between men and women and to object to their equality. Analyzing egalitarianism and feminism according to four accounts of their relationships in contemporary theories (variant, inconsistency, antinomy, irreductibility), it is shown that the above dilemma is not specifically feminine. Rather, it derives from lacunae pertaining to egalitarianism itself.
Entre « savant » et « populaire ». La circulation d'une figure des représentations urbaines : les « embarras » de Paris au 17e siècle
Authors: Milliot Vincent
Published: October 2008

FROM ACADEMIC TO POPULAR WRITINGS : THE CIRCULATION OF A PARTICULAR PICTURE OF URBAN LIFE : THE « CONGESTION OF THE PARIS STREETS » IN THE 17TH CENTURY The theme of the congestion of the Paris streets constitutes a stereotyped representation of urban life to be found in all sorts of documents, ranging from scholarly writings to chap books. In this article, we will look at a set of texts from the : 17th century. We intend to try and determine the conditions of the circulation of this theme, and the characteristics of this picture of urban life in the " bibliothèque bleue ". We will base our study on the analysis of some of the semantic networks around the notion of " congestion ". The lexical analysis shows that these texts were fairly similar when they were produced. But in a literary atmosphere in which classicism is of overall importance, any text which does not conform to the linguistic norm or which is not written by a recognized " author " is liable to be disparaged. On the other hand, one could say that the " livrets bleus " found a wider audience than schorlarly writings and offer pictures of urban life which can be interpreted at many levels of understanding.
Les mots, la lutte et le jeu
Authors: Lefèvre Josette
Published: October 2008

STRUGGLE A AS GAME ON WORDS Examining the speeches of 33 delegates at the 40 th CFDT congress, J.L. studies the rhetorics in trade- union's debates. Whether they speak for or against the majority's line and its change since the previous congress, speakers try to captivate the audience by means of humour, style effects, allusions and puns, evoking folk-tales, using popular expressions, slogans and fashionable words. Although carrying all the weight of internal conflicts and ideological references, the words autogestion, capitalisme, libéralisme, réalité, are also balls bouncing from one speech to another. This intensive usage of formulas and short sentences, of which the media are so fond, is a new phenomenon in CFDTs congresses ; following their leader E. Maire, the militants tend to adapt themselves to the rules of mass communication.