bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal comparison of the use of telemedicine between Indonesia and the United States
Authors: Suwadi Pujiyono , Ayuningtyas Priscilla Wresty , Septiningrum Shintya Yulfa , Manthovani Reda
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the way Indonesian and the US laws regulate the reality and implications of legal issues regarding telemedicine, including the protection of citizens in using telemedicine.

Design/methodology/approach

This normative legal study used secondary data comprising primary and secondary legal materials based on the law as a norm. The normative legal method was used because the data were based on laws and regulations, reports, journals and research governing telemedicine in Indonesia and the USA.

Findings

The results showed similarities between Indonesia and the USA regarding health services as part of protecting human rights. The differences in implementing telemedicine are from a legal aspect. The legal comparison of telemedicine implementation between the two countries resulted in differences in regulation, informed consent, medical records, practice licenses and medical prescriptions.

Research limitations/implications

This study discussed telemedicine’s legal aspects in Indonesia and the USA.

Practical implications

This study aimed to determine the implementation and guidelines used by the USA to be considered for adoption by Indonesia for legal certainty.

Social implications

The results showed that legal threats could be a weakness of law in Indonesia. Therefore, the government should develop guidelines about telemedicine to accommodate citizens’ legal protection and certainty.

Originality/value

This study is original and could be used as a reference for policymakers in Indonesia and the USA in protecting citizens using telemedicine services. The findings provide a perspective based on Health Law in Indonesia.
Diversity matters: highlighting the differences in sport consumption motives of marginalized college students
Authors: Fridley Alison , Anderson Austin , Stokowski Sarah , Forsythe Stacey A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in motivation for sport consumption within a diverse sample of college students with underrepresented identities.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 2,833 students at universities in a mid-major Division I FBS athletic conference through a survey. Two MANOVAs were conducted to examine group differences. While the first MANOVA compared a dominant group (White and non-LGBTQ+) to an underrepresented group (non-white race and/or LGBTQ+), the second MANOVA explored differences in five specific marginalized groups (Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, LGBTQ+, intersectional marginalized identities).

Findings

The results indicated that the dominant group scored significantly higher than the combined underrepresented group in four of the eight sport consumption motives examined. However, the comparison of individual underrepresented groups showed significant differences for all eight consumption motives between at least two underrepresented groups.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to compare group differences in motivation for sport consumption between specific racially marginalized groups, LGBTQ + community members, and intersectional racial and LGBTQ + identities within college athletics.
Perspectives of teachers and students towards COVID-19-forced online examinations in higher education institutions
Authors: Madugula Neelima , Allamsetty Srikanth , Sinha Abhinav , Mishra Subhendu , Chandra M.V. Satya Sai , Krishnan Dhanya
Published: October 2022

Purpose

With the current COVID-19 outbreak, the majority of the higher educational institutes (HEI) are conducting online examinations to assess their students, where both teachers and students are facing various constraints. Under these circumstances, it is very important to understand the perspectives of teachers and students towards online examinations in higher education institutions and the factors affecting their perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has been conducted with the mentioned objective through online survey responses and rigorous statistical analysis of the data. The data analysis has been performed and presented using self-explanatory bar graphs, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and sentiment analysis.

Findings

While the students responded diversely for items in one of the constructs: scope for malpractice, the teachers agreed with the items, indicating that the online exams are not sufficiently effective in dealing with cheating and malpractice. Few more issues related to Internet connections, short time duration for uploading answer scripts are identified as problems and need attention while framing the rules to conduct the online examinations in future.

Originality/value

A new questionnaire was drafted to measure the effect of different constructs. An attempt is made to understand the perspectives of both the teachers and the students towards online examinations with respect to each of these considered constructs with a rigorous statistical analysis.
Developing Delphi methodology for studying future market change
Authors: Nyström Anna-Greta , Kaartemo Valtteri
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop Delphi methodology toward a holistic method for forecasting market change. Delphi methodology experienced its culmination in marketing research during the 1970s–1980s, but still has much to offer to both marketing scholars and practitioners in contexts where future market changes are associated with ambiguity and uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

This study revives the Delphi methodology by exemplifying how a recently developed framework on market change can be combined with the Delphi technique for data collection to support forecasting activities and research. The authors demonstrate the benefits of the improved methodology in an empirical study on the impact of the fifth generation of wireless communications technologies (5G) on the Finnish media market.

Findings

The developed methodological approach aids marketing scholars in categorizing and analyzing the data collected for capturing market change; and better guiding experts/respondents to provide holistic projections of future market change. The authors show that using a predefined theoretical framework in combination with the Delphi method for data collection and analysis is beneficial for studying future market change.

Originality/value

This paper develops Delphi methodology and contributes with a novel methodological approach to assessing market change.
Does the regional environment matter in ERP system adoption? Evidence from Russia
Authors: Daviy Anna
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper explores the effect the regional technological environment has on technology-driven performance, measured by enterprise resource planning (ERP).

Design/methodology/approach

This study specifies a productivity-based production function driven by ERP system adoption. Employing a quasi-experimental research design, the author disentangles two effects – the average effect of ERP adoption and the moderation effect of the regional technological environment. The novelty of this study is that it merges publicly available information retrieved via text-mining tools and official financial reports published by companies.

Findings

The total effect of technology adoption on productivity varies from almost 3%–9% in different technological environments. Moreover, this study’s results revealed that the regional technological environment could enhance the effect of adopting different ERP systems.

Originality/value

While some papers investigate the relationship between ERP adoption and firm performance regarding the environmental context of a firm, the effect of the regional technological environment on the relationship between technology adoption and firm performance is understudied. Thus, this research tries to contribute to a deeper understanding of the regional context's impact on technology-driven performance. The authors used automated content analysis to collect data on technology adoption; by doing so, this study contributes to the growing body of research utilising the text-mining approach to extract data stored in Internet-based information sources.
Pictures in Time: Temporality and Architecture in Picturesque Theory
Authors: Bransgrove Jake William
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the relationship between time and architecture in the writings of early theorists of the Picturesque movement in Britain. In doing so, it details how William Gilpin (1724–1804), Sir Uvedale Price (1747–1829), and Richard Payne Knight (1750–1824) engaged with processes of decay, accumulation, and historical reflection in their deliberations over how Picturesque scenes were formed. As well as showing how temporality suffused texts which were foundational in defining the Picturesque aesthetic, the article contributes to discussions of how the mutability, duration, and process were expressed and valued in art at the turn of the nineteenth century.
A RASSF8‐AS1 based exosomal lncRNAs panel used for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xie Kai , Zheng Chao , Gu Wenfeng , Jiang Zhisheng , Luo Chao , Luo Jing , Diao Yifei , Wang Gaoming , Cong Zhuangzhuang , Yao Xinyue , Hu Liwen , Shen Yi
Published: October 2022

Background

Exosomal long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) has been shown to be potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and follow up. However, little is known about its application in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) detection. Here, we sought to develop a novel diagnostic model based on serum exosomal lncRNAs to improve ESCC screening efficiency.

Methods

A multiphase, case‐control study was conducted among 140 ESCC patients and 140 healthy controls. Microarray screening was performed to acquire differentially expressed exosomal lncRNAs in the discovery phase. The diagnostic model Index I was constructed based on a panel of three lncRNAs using logistic regression in the training phase, and were confirmed in a subsequent validation phase. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to calculate the diagnostic value. The effects of the selected lncRNAs level on ESCC mortality were evaluated using a Cox hazard regression model and Kaplan‐Meier curve analysis, and the expression level with clinicopathological features was also calculated. Finally, we explored the oncogenic potential of candidate lncRNA RASSF8‐AS1 in vitro and by target mRNA sequencing.

Results

Index I was able to discriminate ESCC patients from healthy controls, and showed superiority to classic tumor biomarkers. Moreover, serum levels of the exosomal lncRNAs correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis. The in vitro assays showed that RASSF8‐AS1 played an oncogenic role in ESCC. Target mRNA scanning results suggested involvement of RASSF8‐AS1 in tumor immunity and metabolism.

Conclusion

The newly identified serum exosomal lncRNAs could be used as new biomarkers for ESCC, and showed oncogenic potential in ESCC.
ED‐Home: Pilot feasibility study of a targeted homelessness prevention intervention for emergency department patients with drug or unhealthy alcohol use
Authors: Fazio Daniela , Zuiderveen Sara , Guyet Dana , Reid Andrea , Lalane Monique , McCormack Ryan P. , Wall Stephen P. , Shelley Donna , Mijanovich Tod , Shinn Marybeth , Doran Kelly M.
Published: October 2022

Background

Housing insecurity is prevalent among emergency department (ED) patients. Despite a surge of interest in screening for patients' social needs including housing insecurity, little research has examined ED social needs interventions. We worked together with government and community partners to develop and pilot test a homelessness prevention intervention targeted to ED patients with drug or unhealthy alcohol use.

Methods

We approached randomly sampled patients at an urban public hospital ED, May to August 2019. Adult patients were eligible if they were medically stable, not incarcerated, spoke English, had unhealthy alcohol or any drug use, and were not currently homeless but screened positive for risk of future homelessness using a previously developed risk screening tool. Participants received a three‐part intervention: (1) brief counseling and referral to treatment for substance use delivered through a preexisting ED program; (2) referral to Homebase, an evidence‐based community homelessness prevention program; and (3) up to three troubleshooting phone calls by study staff. Participants completed surveys at baseline and 6 months.

Results

Of 2183 patients screened, 51 were eligible and 40 (78.4%) participated; one later withdrew, leaving 39 participants. Participants were diverse in age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Of the 32 participants reached at 6 months, most said it was very or extremely helpful to talk to someone about their housing situation (n = 23, 71.9%) at the baseline ED visit. Thirteen (40.6%) said their housing situation had improved in the past 6 months and 16 (50.0%) said it had not changed. Twenty participants (62.5%) had made contact with a Homebase office. Participants shared ideas of how to improve the intervention.

Conclusions

This pilot intervention was feasible and well received by participants though it required a large amount of screening to identify potentially eligible patients. Our findings will inform a larger future trial and may be informative for others seeking to develop similar interventions.
On Watching Shoes Being Made in Addis Ababa
Authors: Fourie Elsje
Published: October 2022

In this work of creative nonfiction, I use a visit to an Ethiopian shoe factory, where I observed the application of Japanese methods of productivity, as a lens to reflect on the ambiguities, inconsistencies, and ethical dilemmas thrown up both by such fieldwork and the larger project of promoting industrialization in Ethiopia. The reader is introduced to the cast of characters present that day and invited to follow many of them into settings beyond the factory floor. In listening to this polyphony of voices and trying to shape them into something legible in my writing, I find a parallel in the efforts of my academic field—development studies—to formulate interventions and policy prescriptions in the face of incomplete and conflicting information. The result is a cautious step towards hope and optimism and away from paralysis and despair: perhaps we can do no more than stitch together the collected parts and offer them for others to try on, but perhaps this is enough. This reflection can be read as a companion piece to my full‐length research article on the subject (Fourie 2020). [fieldwork, ethnography, Ethiopia, development studies, creative nonfiction]
Greening the Cage: Exploitation and Resistance in the (Un)Sustainable Prison Garden
Authors: Hazelett Evan
Published: October 2022

The current popularity of prison greening coincides with a reformist project in carceral administration centring the “rehabilitation” and “transformation” of incarcerated people, finding a natural home in the prison garden. In contrast to mainstream literatures that celebrate reform and foreground recidivism, I argue that the prison garden is exploited institutionally for the symbolic power of “green” to help resolve a crisis of legitimacy in prisons, and thereby capitalism, depoliticising the violence of incarceration while reproducing the symbolic conditions of racial capitalism through two different socioecological (prison) fixes. This proceeds in strikingly similar ways to urban sustainable development, which regularly depoliticises and extends racial and spatial injustice across the city. Yet, in its tensions and contradictions, the (un)sustainable prison garden remains a space where radical possibilities can emerge through moments of resistance, constituting various tenets of a precarious carceral food justice praxis.
Influence of confirmed viral infection on adult acute fulminant myocarditis supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Kuo Lan‐Pin , Tsai Meng‐Ta , Wang Yi‐Chen , Hsu Chih‐Hsin , Lin Wei‐Hung , Wang Wei‐Ming , Shih Chao‐Jung , Yang Pei‐Ni , Hu Yu‐Ning , Roan Jun‐Neng
Published: October 2022

Background

The impact of etiologies of acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM), which requires extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), on clinical outcomes remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for ECMO weaning and mortality among patients with AFM due to viral etiologies in a tertiary referral medical center.

Methods

We included 33 adults with AFM who received ECMO and were admitted between January 2002 and January 2021. General demographics, laboratory data, echocardiography findings, and long‐term outcomes were analyzed for confirmed viral etiology and unconfirmed etiology groups.

Results

The overall hospital survival rate was 54.5%. The age, sex, severity of the hemodynamic condition, and cardiac rhythm were similar between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a confirmed viral etiology (HR 4.201, 95% CI 1.061–16.666), peri‐ECMO renal replacement therapy (RRT) (HR 9.804, 1.140–83.333) and a high positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the ventilator settings at 24 h after ECMO (HR 1.479, 1.020–2.143) were significant prognostic factors for in‐hospital mortality. Peri‐ECMO RRT was also a significant negative prognostic factor for successful ECMO weaning (OR 0.061, 0.006–0.600) in the multivariate logistic model.

Conclusions

Among AFM patients receiving ECMO support, RRT use was associated with a decreased chance of survival to ECMO weaning. Multiple organ dysfunction and a high PEEP were also predictive of a lower chance of hospital survival. Those with a confirmed diagnosis of viral myocarditis may require more medical attention due to the higher risk of hospital mortality than those without a definite diagnosis.
Cytokeratin 13 (CK13) expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 10,439 tumors
Authors: Lennartz Maximilian , Ullmann Verena Sofia , Gorbokon Natalia , Uhlig Ria , Rico Sebastian Dwertmann , Kind Simon , Reiswich Viktor , Viehweger Florian , Kluth Martina , Hube‐Magg Claudia , Bernreuther Christian , Büscheck Franziska , Putri Devita , Clauditz Till S. , Fraune Christoph , Hinsch Andrea , Jacobsen Frank , Krech Till , Lebock Patrick , Steurer Stefan , Burandt Eike , Minner Sarah , Marx Andreas H. , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Menz Anne
Published: October 2022

Cytokeratin 13 (CK13) is a type I acidic low molecular weight cytokeratin, which is mainly expressed in urothelium and in the squamous epithelium of various sites of origin. Loss of CK13 has been implicated in the development and progression of squamous epithelial neoplasms. To comprehensively determine CK13 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 10,439 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. CK13 immunostaining was detectable in 42 (32.1%) of the 131 tumor categories including 24 (18.3%) tumor types with at least one strongly positive case. The highest rate of positive staining was found in various urothelial neoplasms (52.1–92.3%) including Brenner tumor of the ovary (86.8%) and in squamous cell carcinomas from various sites of origin (39.1–77.6%), Warthin tumors of parotid glands (66.7%), adenosquamous carcinomas of the cervix (33.3%), thymomas (16.0%), and endometroid carcinomas of the ovary (15.3%). Twenty other epithelial or germ cell neoplasms showed – a usually weak – CK13 positivity in less than 15% of the cases. In bladder cancer, reduced CK13 expression was linked to high grade and advanced stage (p < 0.0001 each). In squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, reduced CK13 immunostaining was related to high grade (p = 0.0295) and shortened recurrence‐free (p = 0.0094) and overall survival (p = 0.0274). In a combined analysis of 1,151 squamous cell carcinomas from 11 different sites of origin, reduced CK13 staining was linked to high grade (p = 0.0050). Our data provide a comprehensive overview on CK13 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues. CK13 expression predominates in urothelial neoplasms and in squamous cell carcinomas of different organs, and a loss of CK13 expression is associated with aggressive disease in these tumors.
Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia—Discussion
Authors: Alves Tiago M. , Fetter Marcos , Busby Cathy , Cunha Tiago A. , Mattos Nathalia H.
Published: October 2022

Reeve et al. (2022) address the stratigraphic record of continental breakup by focusing on a set of stratigraphic unconformities from a proximal sector of the NW Australian continental margin, inboard from the Exmouth Plateau. They suggest that such unconformities can potentially document a well‐defined three‐stage process: end of the syn‐rift phase, formation of a wide continent‐ocean transition zone (COTZ) and generation of ‘true’ Penrose‐type oceanic crust. We counterargue that continental breakup is a protracted event that can only be understood via seismic‐ and chronostratigraphic correlations of strata, and their composing sequences, across and along rifted margins. Tying proximal stratigraphic unconformities to magnetic anomalies outboard from the study area in Reeve et al. (2022) is open to question. In parallel, we suggest that age resolutions of ca. 1 Ma are not achievable using the micropaleontological data presented in Reeve et al. (2022), with an important reworking of microfossil assemblages potentially occurring during the erosional process forming local and regional unconformities. Our discussion addresses these points in more detail.
Electronic nicotine delivery system advertising in business‐to‐business publications, United States, 2015–2020
Authors: Marynak Kristy , Welding Kevin , Kelley Dannielle , Trigger Sarah , Moran Meghan B. , Kennedy Ryan D.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Tobacco retailers are a key target audience for tobacco product advertising, yet little is known about the messages and channels used to market electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to retailers.

Methods

We assessed expenditures for business‐to‐business print advertising for ENDS in the United States, by year and by advertiser, from 2015 to 2020; and the content of advertisements placed in 2020.

Results

The total number of ENDS brands placing business‐to‐business advertisements declined from 45 in 2015 to 6 in 2020; spending declined from $2.6 million in 2015 (for 283 occurrences) to $492,789 in 2020 (69 occurrences). Across years, the top‐spending advertisers were Logic ($1.9 million), blu ($1.0 million), JUUL ($625,050), NJOY ($373,126) and Vuse ($322,075). Common messages of advertisements placed in 2020 included that products are not intended for minors; brand market share; health warnings; profitability or revenue potential for retailers; and flavours.

Discussion

This study suggests that ENDS companies anticipate that ENDS retailers are interested in stocking products that maximise profits, appeal to consumers and comply with regulatory requirements. Declines in the number of advertisers mirror the overall consolidation of the ENDS industry that occurred during the study period.

Conclusions

Business‐to‐business print advertising represents an important channel in which ENDS brands communicate a variety of messages about their products directly to potential retailers.
Effects of non‐native species on phylogenetic dispersion of freshwater fish communities in North America
Authors: Qian Hong , Chu Cindy , Li Daijiang , Cao Yong , Sandel Brody , Anas M. U. Mohamed , Mandrak Nicholas E.
Published: October 2022

Aim

Most studies focusing on terrestrial ecosystems have shown that non‐native species are more likely to invade phylogenetically clustered communities, that the introduction of non‐native species increases phylogenetic clustering in the recipient communities, and that the latter is more conspicuous for recipient communities at a larger spatial scale. However, whether these patterns hold for aquatic ecosystems is rarely tested. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic structure of native and non‐native freshwater fish assemblages at a continental spatial extent.

Location

The continental United States and Canada.

Time period

Current.

Methods

We collated native and naturalized non‐native species lists of freshwater fishes for each watershed at local and regional spatial scales. Two phylogenetic metrics (MPDses and MNNDses) representing different evolutionary depths were used to quantify the phylogenetic dispersion of each watershed fish assemblage and were related to temperature and precipitation using correlation and regression analyses. Values of the metrics were compared between the two spatial scales.

Results

Our study found that (1) phylogenetically more diverse fish communities tended to be invaded by fewer non‐native fish species, and that non‐native species more frequently invaded communities with lower phylogenetic dispersion (i.e. higher phylogenetic clustering), (2) introduction of non‐native fishes reduced phylogenetic clustering in some watershed but increased clustering in others, (3) introduction of non‐native species caused phylogenetic dispersion to increase in watersheds with low phylogenetic diversity and to decrease in watersheds with high phylogenetic diversity and (4) phylogenetic clustering for fish assemblages at the larger spatial scale was smaller than that at the smaller spatial scale.

Main conclusions

Support for Darwin's naturalization and preadaptation hypotheses in freshwater fish assemblages depends on the phylogenetic diversity of assemblages within the invaded watersheds. Our results are contrary to previous studies that found that the introduction of non‐native species increases phylogenetic clustering in the recipient communities more strongly at a larger spatial scale.
Non‐linear models of species' responses to environmental and spatial gradients
Authors: Anderson Marti J. , Walsh Daniel C. I. , Sweatman Winston L. , Punnett Andrew J.
Published: October 2022

Species' responses to broad‐scale environmental or spatial gradients are typically unimodal. Current models of species' responses along gradients tend to be overly simplistic (e.g., linear, quadratic or Gaussian GLMs), or are suitably flexible (e.g., splines, GAMs) but lack direct ecologically interpretable parameters. We describe a parametric framework for species‐environment non‐linear modelling (‘senlm’). The framework has two components: (i) a non‐linear parametric mathematical function to model the mean species response along a gradient that allows asymmetry, flattening/peakedness or bimodality; and (ii) a statistical error distribution tailored for ecological data types, allowing intrinsic mean–variance relationships and zero‐inflation. We demonstrate the utility of this model framework, highlighting the flexibility of a range of possible mean functions and a broad range of potential error distributions, in analyses of fish species' abundances along a depth gradient, and how they change over time and at different latitudes.
Are in‐laws substituting or supplementing? Mothers' receipt of support from paternal kin
Authors: Whitehead Ellen M. , Jonet Taryn N.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This study examines the financial and childcare support provided to mothers from paternal kin, as well as whether this support varies based on relationship characteristics of the mother and father, child support provided by the father, and father–child contact.

Background

Despite the documented importance of familial support for many mothers of young children, especially single mothers, minimal quantitative research has examined the factors that pattern transfers of support from fathers' family members.

Methods

Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 4,296), we employ multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine mothers' receipt of financial and childcare support from paternal kin.

Results

Results indicate that mothers who report having no relationship with their child's father have a lower probability of receiving support from his family. Mothers with nonresidential fathers are more likely to receive support from the father's kin when the father provides informal or sporadic child support.

Conclusion

Fathers occupy a brokering role between mothers and their kin. When a relationship with the father is completely absent, support from his family decreases.

Implications

The findings offer insight into the social capital and economic stability of mothers, particularly those with nonresidential fathers.
Disentangling the multiple effects of precipitation on arthropod biomass: A commentary on Newell et al. (2022)
Authors: McCluney Kevin E.
Published: October 2022

Relatively, little research has simultaneously examined the indirect (bottom‐up) and direct effects of precipitation on animals. Newell et al. (2022) examine this topic in cloud forests of Peru, unexpectedly finding little evidence of bottom‐up control of arthropod biomass, but instead evidence of direct effects of precipitation and vapor pressure deficit on arthropod biomass. This research suggests that direct effects of precipitation and desiccation on arthropod biomass should be more widely investigated, and this finding has important implications for understanding the effects of climate on terrestrial animals at multiple trophic levels.
Nonlinear time‐series forecasts for decision support: short‐term demand for ICU beds in Santiago, Chile, during the 2021 COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Quiroga Bernardo F. , Vásquez Cristián , Vicuña M. Ignacia
Published: October 2022

In Chile, due to the explosive increase of new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases during the first part of 2021, the ability of health services to accommodate new incoming cases was jeopardized. It has become necessary to be able to manage intensive care unit (ICU) capacity, and for this purpose, monitoring both the evolution of new cases and the demand for ICU beds has become urgent. This paper presents short‐term forecast models for the number of new cases and the number of COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICUs in the Metropolitan Region in Chile.
Formation and atomic structure of the (PbTi)O phase for epitaxial super‐tetragonal PbTiO3
Authors: Dai Yan‐Zhu , Jin Lei , Li Zhi‐Peng , Jia Chun‐Lin
Published: October 2022

Lattice strain has been used to modify the properties of ferroelectric oxide films. Introducing strain in thin film is usually realized based on the lattice mismatch of the heterostructural materials, which form multilayered systems or composite structure. For the composite structure of PbTiO3/α‐PbO‐type (PTO/PO‐T) structure phase, the PO‐T structure phase plays the key role in introducing a high strain in the PTO phase and resulting in a giant polarization of the PTO phase. Here, we perform a detailed study on the PO‐T structure phase on atomic scale by means of high‐resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. The atomic details, including cations and oxygen of the PO‐T structure phase, are revealed, which show the α‐PbO structure with parts of the Pb atoms being substituted by Ti atoms. Local inhomogeneity in Ti atom distribution is found in nanometer scale. Experimental investigations show that the PO‐T structure phase is formed on a layer of the PTO phase with a thickness of one or two unit cells, which grows covering the underneath La0.3Sr0.7MnO3 (LSMO) electrode layer. The formation mechanism of the PO‐T structure phase is discussed on the basis of the atomic details of the PO‐T/PTO/LSMO interfaces and the growth condition of the film.
Beyond Medically Complex Pregnancy: A Scoping Review to Understand How Complexity in Pregnancy is Conceptualized
Authors: Stoll Kathrin , Titoria Reena , Johnston Carly , Butska Luba
Published: October 2022

Background

The goal of this scoping review was to better understand how complexity in pregnancy is conceptualized. Specific objectives were to (1) identify factors that are conceptualized in the literature as complicating or impacting pregnancy; and (2) summarize tools and programs that have been implemented to support pregnant people with complex care needs.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to July 2020 and supplemented by bibliographic searches and citation chaining, to identify articles that described at least one nonmedical and one medical risk factor during pregnancy. We focused on complexity prior to the onset of labor and only included primary studies conducted in middle‐ or high‐income countries. More than 6000 records were screened independently by 3 reviewers at the abstract and title level.

Results

Fourteen articles met inclusion criteria. Eight studies described antenatal risk scoring systems, including the Florida Healthy Start Prenatal Risk Screen, the Kindex risk screening tool, the prenatal event history calendar, and the Rotterdam Reproductive Risk Reduction score card. We abstracted 85 medical factors and 25 nonmedical factors from the literature. Nonmedical factors that were conceptualized as complicating pregnancy or birth could be grouped into 4 domains: characteristics of the childbearing person (7 factors), socioeconomic conditions (7 factors), family and social life (5 factors), and psychoemotional health (6 factors).

Discussion

We found limited scholarly research and few assessment tools that broaden the discussion of complexity in pregnancy beyond medical multimorbidity. Multiple dimensions of health should be integrated into a complexity framework for pregnancy that account for the diverse contexts and needs of pregnant people. An important part of this process is the development of a shared language to describe complexity that is strength based and acknowledges how environments, health care encounters, and the larger sociocultural context can affect pregnant people's medical status in pregnancy.
Approach to ureteral endometriosis: A single‐center experience and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Alborzi Saeed , Askary Elham , Poordast Tahereh , Alborzi Soroosh , Abadi Alimohammad K. H. , Shoaii Fatemeh
Published: October 2022

Aim

To report single‐center outcomes of laparoscopic management of patients with ureteral endometriosis and perform a meta‐analysis in order to select the best approach for these patients.

Methods

The cross‐sectional study was conducted during a 6‐year period (2015–2021) in the referral endometriosis center on 353 patients with ureteral endometriosis. For the meta‐analysis, 10 articles, including 505 patients, were found to be eligible. In our meta‐analysis, as well as our study, all endometriosis‐related pain symptoms and complications of surgery were evaluated, analyzed, and reported.

Results

Of the 326 patients whose ureteral involvement was confirmed in pathology, hydronephrosis and intrinsic ureteral lesions were detected in only 10.76% and 3.1% of the patients. Mean operating time and hospitalization were 3.25 ± 1.83 h and 86 ± 2.58 days, respectively. The most common site of concomitant involvement with endometriosis was uterosacral ligament (92.9%) and rectosigmoid (70.53%). Type II and III of Cliven–Dindo complications were seen in 5.66% and 1.13% of patients, respectively. During a follow‐up period, no evidence of bladder or ureteral re‐involvement was observed. Similar to our meta‐analysis, all endometriosis‐related pain decreased significantly following operation (p ≤ 0.001). In our meta‐analysis, the rate of ureteral endometriosis recurrence, stenosis/stricture, bladder atonia, urinary tract infection, hematuria, and fistula formation after surgery were: 2.0% (I2: 50.42%), 15.0% (I2: 0.00%), 14.0% (I2: 8.76%), 6.0% (I2: 0.00%), 7.0% (I2: 79.28%), and 2.0% (I2: 0.0%), respectively.

Conclusion

The laparoscopic resection of the UE could be suggested as a feasible and safe method associated with favorable functional outcomes.
Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in cerebral ventricles activate microglia in mice
Authors: Yoshida Kayo , Yoshida Kaya , Seyama Mariko , Hiroshima Yuka , Mekata Mana , Fujiwara Natsumi , Kudo Yasusei , Ozaki Kazumi
Published: October 2022

Objective

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is thought to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether Pg or its contents can reach the brain and directly affect neuropathology is, however, unknown. Here, we investigated whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Pg translocate to the brain and induce the pathogenic features of AD.

Material and Methods

Pg OMVs were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice for 12 weeks. Pg OMV translocation to the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry using an anti‐gingipain antibody. Tau protein and microglial activation in the mouse brain were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of gingipains on inflammation was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction using human microglial HMC3 cells.

Results

Gingipains were detected in the region around cerebral ventricles, choroid plexus, and ventricular ependymal cells in Pg OMV‐administered mice. Tau and phosphorylated Tau protein increased and microglia were activated. Pg OMVs also increased the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HMC3 cells in a gingipain‐dependent manner.

Conclusion

Pg OMVs, including gingipains, can reach the cerebral ventricle and induce neuroinflammation by activating microglia. Pg OMVs may provide a better understanding of the implications of periodontal diseases in neurodegenerative conditions such as AD.
Use of a Gigli Saw as a Substitute Osteotomy Tool When Oscillating Saw Malfunctions Occur During Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kong Keyu , Chang Yongyun , Yu Degang , Mao Yuanqing , Zeng Yiming , Yan Mengning , Zhai Zanjing , Li Huiwu
Published: October 2022

Objective

The oscillating saw has some inherent disadvantages, such as notch formation and blood splash. The objective is to introduce the Gigli saw as a substitute osteotomy tool when oscillating saw malfunctions occur during surgery.

Methods

During our retrospective study, 120 patients (120 hips) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) because of femoral neck fracture, femoral head necrosis, developmental hip dysplasia (Crowe I), or primary osteoarthritis between October 2017 and April 2020 at our institute were included. Sixty patients (26 men and 34 women) with a mean age of 67.3 years (±15.1 years) underwent femoral neck osteotomy using a Gigli saw. The other 60 patients (32 men and 28 women) with a mean age of 64.4 years (±18.8 years) underwent femoral neck osteotomy using an oscillating saw. Intraoperative evaluations, including osteotomy time, osteotomy height, number of notch formations, and blood splash generation, were performed. Routine anteroposterior views of the pelvis and proximal femur were obtained for all patients after surgery.

Results

The mean osteotomy times were 26.60 ± 14.80 s and 31.80 ± 14.20 s with the oscillating saw and Gigli saw, respectively (t = 1.964, P = 0.0519). The mean osteotomy heights were 1.26 ± 0.22 cm and 1.20 ± 0.14 cm with the oscillating saw and Gigli saw, respectively (t = 1.782, P = 0.0773). The use of a Gigli saw did not result in bone notch formation or blood splash generation when multiple blood splashes were generated in the oscillating saw group. Postoperative radiographs showed no prostheses malposition in the Gigli saw and oscillating saw groups.

Conclusion

The Gigli saw has various advantages and can be a substitute tool for femoral neck osteotomy during THA when oscillating saw malfunctions occur.
Impact of intravenous dexamethasone on the initiation and recovery of atracurium in children: A double‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Parthiban Magesh , Haritha Damarla , Ray Bikash Ranjan , Singh Akhil Kant , Kumar Shailendra , Khanna Puneet , Kashyap Lokesh
Published: October 2022

Background

Chronic steroid intake has been associated with attenuation of neuromuscular block. Despite some promising animal and adult studies, the effect of a single dose of intravenous dexamethasone on neuromuscular blockers is not well established. Thus, the present study aimed to demonstrate the effect of dexamethasone given at the time of induction for the prevention of PONV on the action of neuromuscular blockers in children undergoing elective surgery.

Method

After obtaining approval from the Institute Ethics Committee and written informed parental consent, 100 ASA I and II children aged 4–15 years undergoing elective surgery randomized to receive either: 0.15 mg/kg (maximum of 5 mg) of dexamethasone diluted to a total volume of 2 ml with 0.9% saline (n = 50) or 2 ml of 0.9% saline (n = 50) at the time of induction. The time interval between application of atracurium and maximum T1 depression, 25% twitch height recovery of T1, amid 25% and 75% twitch height recovery of T1, amid the 25% twitch height recovery of T1 and recovery of the neuromuscular block to a TOF ratio of 0.9, and in between the initiation of atracurium injection till the recovery of the neuromuscular block to a TOF ratio of 0.9 was defined as onset time, clinical duration, recovery index, recovery time, and total recovery period, respectively, and recorded.

Results

The onset time and recovery index time were lower (1.96 ± 0.39, 8.04 ± 2.14, respectively) with dexamethasone in comparison with saline (2.01 ± 0.51, 8.9 ± 3.4, respectively) but not statistically significant. The clinical duration, recovery time, and total recovery period were similar.

Conclusion

Application of a single bolus dose (0.15 mg/kg) of dexamethasone during induction does not attenuate atracurium‐induced neuromuscular blockade in children.
Defeat and proficiencies
Authors: Kelp Christoph
Published: October 2022

Virtue epistemology is the view that beliefs are attempts at truth (or perhaps knowledge) and, as a result, can be assessed as successful, competent, and apt. Moreover, virtue epistemology identifies central epistemic properties with normative properties of beliefs as attempts. In particular, knowledge is apt belief and justified belief is competent belief. This paper develops a systematic virtue epistemological account of defeat (of justification/competence). I provide reason to think that defeat occurs not only for beliefs but for attempts more general. The key constructive idea is that defeaters are evidence that attempting (in a certain way) isn't successful and that defeaters defeat the competence of an attempt when one stands in a certain normative relation to the defeater. I argue that while this account handles paradigm cases of defeat both within epistemology and beyond nicely, cases of external (sometimes also ‘normative’ or ‘propositional’) defeat continue to cause trouble. To handle these cases, I develop a distinctively functionalist version of virtue epistemology. This functionalist version of virtue epistemology allows me to countenance proficiencies, that is, roughly, abilities that have the function to produce successes under certain conditions. It is the normative import of proficiencies that delivers the normative relation that serves to explain defeat in cases of external defeat. In this way, the functionalist version of virtue epistemology ushers the way towards a satisfactory account even of external defeat.
The periodic review model with independent age‐dependent lifetimes
Authors: Clarkson Jake , Voelkel Michael A. , Sachs Anna‐Lena , Thonemann Ulrich W.
Published: October 2022

A retailer places orders periodically for items that are shipped by a wholesaler. Items that are not sold perish randomly and independently of one another, with the perish probability depending on the age class. We consider a first‐in‐first‐out policy for depleting items. We model this problem as a Markov decision process with stochastic demand, unit holding, outdating and ordering costs, plus unit penalty costs for lost sales. We prove convexity for the penultimate period and show convexity may not hold any earlier. A dynamic program can be solved optimally for small instances. We introduce both a one‐stage‐lookahead heuristic and a heuristic which is a combination of two existing standard approaches, the newsvendor and periodic review models. For simulated data, we compare these heuristics to the optimal solution for small problem instances and to further lookahead policies for larger problem instances. We show that the two new heuristics achieve results close to optimal. Our numerical study, which includes real data from a large European retail chain, highlights that products perishing independently from each other strongly affect model behavior compared to existing approaches from the literature.
Effects ofOriganum majoranaessential oil and antibiotics on the quality of frozen thawed Beni Arouss buck semen
Authors: Kchikich Amr , Kirschvink Nathalie , El Kadili Sara , Raes Marianne , El Otmani Samira , Chebli Youssef , Bister Jean‐Loup , El Amiri Bouchra , Barrijal Said , Chentouf Mouad
Published: October 2022

This study aims to investigate the effects ofOriganum majorana(OM) essential oil (EO) at different concentrations and antibiotics on post‐thawed Beni Arouss buck semen quality. Semen collection was performed using artificial vagina from eight Beni Arouss bucks. Ejaculates were pooled, divided into 12 equal aliquots, washed and diluted to 400 × 106sperm/ml (with 7% of glycerol). Skim milk–based extender was supplemented with different concentrations of OM EO (0%; 0.01%; 0.02%; 0.03%; 0.04% and 0.05%) without antibiotics, marked as (CTR−), (M1−), (M2−), (M3−), (M4−) and (M5−), and with 50 mg of streptomycin and 50,000 IU of penicillin per 100 ml, marked as (CTR+), (M1+), (M2+), (M3+), (M4+) and (M5+), respectively. Aliquots were cooled to 4°C, then frozen in 0.25 ml straws with a programmable freezer and finally stored in liquid nitrogen for 48 h. Thawing was performed at 37°C for 30 s. Motility, live sperm, sperm abnormalities, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and bacterial growth were evaluated after thawing. Among the tested extenders, M2+ improved all semen quality parameters. Sperm motility, live sperm and membrane integrity increased significantly, while the number of abnormal sperm and bacterial growth decreased significantly. The toxic effect of OM EO, with and without antibiotics, appeared beyond 0.03%. In conclusion, M2+ is recommended to improve the cryopreservation of Beni Arouss buck semen.
Identification of a novel HLA‐A null allele, HLA‐A*01:420N allele
Authors: Devriese Magali , Usureau Cedric , Carmagnat Maryvonnick , Da Silva Sephora , Taupin Jean‐Luc
Published: October 2022

The novel HLA‐A*01:420N allele has two changes in exon 4 leading to premature stop codon.
Identification of the novel HLA allele, HLA‐B*37:01:01:19, in an individual from northern India
Authors: Tambe Manisha , Rajak Jyoti , Pinto Andrea S. , D'Silva Selma Z. , Singh Meenakshi
Published: October 2022

The novel allele HLA‐B*37:01:01:19 differs from B*37:01:01:01 by one nucleotide A‐>G in Intron 3 at gDNA1430.
A novel HLA‐C null allele, HLA‐C*08:236N, identified by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Gao Su‐Qing , Zhong Yan‐Ping , Zhang Yin‐Ming
Published: October 2022

HLA‐C*08:236N differs from C*08:01:01 by a single nucleotide exchange in exon 5 at position 1991.