bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-nano oxygenated irrigation improves the yield and quality of greenhouse cucumbers under-film drip irrigation
Authors: Ouyang Zan , Tian Juncang , Yan Xinfang , Yang Zhenfeng
Published: November 2023

To study the influence mechanism of micro-nano oxygenated irrigation (MNOI) on greenhouse fruit cucumber in arid and semi-arid cold regions, the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber were evaluated and verified based on 2 years of observation data. Taking fruit cucumber in Ningxia solar greenhouse as the research object, three dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of MNOI (DO; 6, 7.5, and 9 mg L−1, O1, O2, and O3, respectively) and non-oxygenated irrigation (CK, 4 mg L−1) were set up as the control treatment. Through comparative design, the influence mechanism of different levels of aerobic irrigation on the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber was studied. The main indicators of fruit cucumber yield and quality increased with dissolved oxygen in irrigation water from 4 to 9 mg L−1. In spring–summer (autumn–winter), compared with CK, the leaf area index (LAI) and net photosynthetic rate (A) increased by 28.83% (28.77%) and 44.90% (35.00%), respectively, and Vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble solids and total acid content increased by 100.00% (51.88%), 37.78% (61.11%), 34.17% (54.17%), 37.07% (78.72%) and 26.92% (30.67%) respectively, while nitrate content decreased by 44.88% (51.15%), and dry matter accumulation (DMA), soil respiration rate (SRR), microbial carbon (MC), and microbial nitrogen (MN) increased by 49.81% (127.25%), 55.22% (110.34%), 117.50% (90.91%) and 70.37% (74.42%) respectively, and yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and soil oxygen content (SO) increased by 22.47% (28.04%), 22.39% (28.05%) and 33.21% (35.33%) respectively. A model of DO in irrigation water and SO was established and the applicability of the model was verified with an average relative error of 2% (less than 5%). MNOI increased SO and soil enzyme activity, enriched soil microorganisms, improved soil microenvironment, promoted water nutrient uptake and growth of root system, increased chlorophyll, photosynthesis and DMA, which improved fruit cucumber yield and quality, and the better DO concentration in irrigation water is 9 mg L−1. The research results provide theoretical support for regulating soil water, fertilizer and air environment, and at the same time, provide feasible ways to improve the quality and efficiency of crops in arid and semi-arid cold regions.
Identification of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature characterizes the tumor microenvironment and predicts prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wan Li , Chen Zhike , Yang Jian , Wu Gaotian , Xu Yao , Cui Jian , Zhao Xueping
Published: November 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with a high mortality rate and unfavorable prognosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key regulator of tumour growth, metastasis, and the response to chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immune response. It acts via responding to misfolded proteins and triggering abnormal activation of ER stress sensors and downstream signalling pathways. Notably, the expression patterns of ER-stress-related-genes (ERSRGs) are indicative of survival outcomes, especially in the context of immune infiltration. Through consensus clustering of prognosis-associated ERSRGs, we delineated two distinct LUAD subtypes: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Comprehensive analyses revealed significant disparities between these subtypes in terms of prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and tumor progression. Leveraging the robustness of LASSO regression and Multivariate stepwise regression, we constructed and validated an ER Stress-associated risk signature for LUAD. This signature underwent assessments for its prognostic value, correlation with clinical attributes, and interaction within the tumour immune microenvironment. By integrating this signature with multivariate cox analysis of distinct pathological stages, we devised an enhanced nomogram, validated through various statistical metrics, with an area under the curve for overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years post-diagnosis being 0.79, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively. In conclusion, our findings introduce a composite signature of 11 pivotal ERSRGs, holding promise as a potent prognostic tool for LUAD, and offering insights for immunotherapeutic and targeted intervention strategies.
Singly-excited resonant open quantum system Tavis-Cummings model with quantum circuit mapping
Authors: Marinkovic Marina Krstic , Radulaski Marina
Published: November 2023

Tavis-Cummings (TC) cavity quantum electrodynamical effects, describing the interaction of N atoms with an optical resonator, are at the core of atomic, optical and solid state physics. The full numerical simulation of TC dynamics scales exponentially with the number of atoms. By restricting the open quantum system to a single excitation, typical of experimental realizations in quantum optics, we analytically solve the TC model with an arbitrary number of atoms with linear complexity. This solution allows us to devise the Quantum Mapping Algorithm of Resonator Interaction with N Atoms (Q-MARINA), an intuitive TC mapping to a quantum circuit with linear space and time scaling, whose N+1 qubits represent atoms and a lossy cavity, while the dynamics is encoded through 2N entangling gates. Finally, we benchmark the robustness of the algorithm on a quantum simulator and superconducting quantum processors against the quantum master equation solution on a classical computer.
Genome interpretation in a federated learning context allows the multi-center exome-based risk prediction of Crohn’s disease patients
Authors: Raimondi Daniele , Chizari Haleh , Verplaetse Nora , Löscher Britt-Sabina , Franke Andre , Moreau Yves
Published: November 2023

High-throughput sequencing allowed the discovery of many disease variants, but nowadays it is becoming clear that the abundance of genomics data mostly just moved the bottleneck in Genetics and Precision Medicine from a data availability issue to a data interpretation issue. To solve this empasse it would be beneficial to apply the latest Deep Learning (DL) methods to the Genome Interpretation (GI) problem, similarly to what AlphaFold did for Structural Biology. Unfortunately DL requires large datasets to be viable, and aggregating genomics datasets poses several legal, ethical and infrastructural complications. Federated Learning (FL) is a Machine Learning (ML) paradigm designed to tackle these issues. It allows ML methods to be collaboratively trained and tested on collections of physically separate datasets, without requiring the actual centralization of sensitive data. FL could thus be key to enable DL applications to GI on sufficiently large genomics data. We propose FedCrohn, a FL GI Neural Network model for the exome-based Crohn’s Disease risk prediction, providing a proof-of-concept that FL is a viable paradigm to build novel ML GI approaches. We benchmark it in several realistic scenarios, showing that FL can indeed provide performances similar to conventional ML on centralized data, and that collaborating in FL initiatives is likely beneficial for most of the medical centers participating in them.
Pachychoroid neovasculopathy versus macular neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with and without shallow irregular pigment epithelial detachment
Authors: Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Asadi Khameneh Esmaeil , Ghassemi Fariba , Mehrabi Bahar Mohammadreza , torkashvand Ali , Mahmoudi Alireza , Husein Ahmed Ahmed , Faghihi Shahin , Rahimi Masoud , Akbarzadeh Ali , Faghihi Hooshang , Khalili Pour Elias
Published: November 2023

To compare the choroidal neovascular features of individuals with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with and without shallow irregular pigment epithelial detachment (SIPED). Using optical coherence tomography angiography, the choroidal neovascular complexes of 27 patients with PNV, 34 patients with nAMD and SIPED, and 15 patients with nAMD without SIPED were analyzed with FIJI and AngioTool software. PNV compared to nAMD with SIPED had a greater vessel percentage area (P = 0.034), junction density (P = 0.045), average vessel length (P < 0.001), and fractal dimension (P < 0.001). PNV, compared to nAMD without SIPED, had a greater total vessel length (P = 0.002), total number of junctions (P < 0.001), junction density (P = 0.034), and fractal dimension (P = 0.005). nAMD with SIPED, compared to nAMD without SIPED, had greater vessel area, total number of junctions, total vessel length, and average vessel length (all P values < 0.001). Patients with nAMD plus SIPED and individuals with nAMD without SIPED have similar fractal dimension values (P = 0.703). Biomarkers of choroidal neovascular complexity, such as fractal dimension, can be used to differentiate PNV from nAMD with or without SIPED.
Computational design of highly efficient thermostable MHET hydrolases and dual enzyme system for PET recycling
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Hongzhao , Luo Zhaorong , Yang Zhenwu , Zhang Zixuan , Wang Pengyu , Li Mengyu , Zhang Yi , Feng Yue , Lu Diannan , Zhu Yushan
Published: November 2023

Recently developed enzymes for the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) such as FAST-PETase and LCC-ICCG are inhibited by the intermediate PET product mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET). Consequently, the conversion of PET enzymatically into its constituent monomers terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) is inefficient. In this study, a protein scaffold (1TQH) corresponding to a thermophilic carboxylesterase (Est30) was selected from the structural database and redesigned in silico. Among designs, a double variant KL-MHETase (I171K/G130L) with a similar protein melting temperature (67.58 °C) to that of the PET hydrolase FAST-PETase (67.80 °C) exhibited a 67-fold higher activity for MHET hydrolysis than FAST-PETase. A fused dual enzyme system comprising KL-MHETase and FAST-PETase exhibited a 2.6-fold faster PET depolymerization rate than FAST-PETase alone. Synergy increased the yield of TPA by 1.64 fold, and its purity in the released aromatic products reached 99.5%. In large reaction systems with 100 g/L substrate concentrations, the dual enzyme system KL36F achieved over 90% PET depolymerization into monomers, demonstrating its potential applicability in the industrial recycling of PET plastics. Therefore, a dual enzyme system can greatly reduce the reaction and separation cost for sustainable enzymatic PET recycling.
Enhancing antibody affinity through experimental sampling of non-deleterious CDR mutations predicted by machine learning
Authors: Clark Thomas , Subramanian Vidya , Jayaraman Akila , Fitzpatrick Emmett , Gopal Ranjani , Pentakota Niharika , Rurak Troy , Anand Shweta , Viglione Alexander , Raman Rahul , Tharakaraman Kannan , Sasisekharan Ram
Published: November 2023

The application of machine learning (ML) models to optimize antibody affinity to an antigen is gaining prominence. Unfortunately, the small and biased nature of the publicly available antibody-antigen interaction datasets makes it challenging to build an ML model that can accurately predict binding affinity changes due to mutations (ΔΔG). Recognizing these inherent limitations, we reformulated the problem to ask whether an ML model capable of classifying deleterious vs non-deleterious mutations can guide antibody affinity maturation in a practical setting. To test this hypothesis, we developed a Random Forest classifier (Antibody Random Forest Classifier or AbRFC) with expert-guided features and integrated it into a computational-experimental workflow. AbRFC effectively predicted non-deleterious mutations on an in-house validation dataset that is free of biases seen in the publicly available training datasets. Furthermore, experimental screening of a limited number of predictions from the model (<10^2 designs) identified affinity-enhancing mutations in two unrelated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, resulting in constructs with up to 1000-fold increased binding to the SARS-COV-2 RBD. Our findings indicate that accurate prediction and screening of non-deleterious mutations using machine learning offers a powerful approach to improving antibody affinity.
A film-linked electrostatic self-assembly microfluidic chip
Authors: Ding Gege , Wang Junsheng , Wang Yuezhu , Li Chunxu , Li Runze , Wen Jie , Luo Jianan , Yu Qiaochan , Zhou Junhua , Geng Xiongfei
Published: November 2023

This article proposes a film-linked electrostatic self-assembly microfluidic chip for the first time, designed to be ready-to-use.
An improved ligand-assisted reprecipitation method to synthesize aqueous-phase CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals and investigate their electrochemiluminescence behavior
Authors: Luan Xiaodong , Fan Shuochen , Xu Ke , Zhang Haipeng , Feng Xiaoyang , Zhang Wenteng , Peng Huaping , Li Qile
Published: November 2023

A novel approach is proposed to prepare aqueous-phase CsPbBr3 nanocrystals by employing a multifunctional additive (cesium trifluoroacetate), and the nanocrystals exhibit apparent anodic and cathodic ECL redox properties and responses in an air-saturated aqueous medium.
Microwave-assisted chemoselective transamidation of secondary amides by selective N–C(O) bond cleavage under catalyst, additive and solvent-free conditions
Authors: Singh Vishal , Rajput Khushbu , Mishra Ankush , Singh Sundaram , Srivastava Vandana
Published: November 2023

An efficient environmentally friendly microwave-assisted approach under catalyst, additive and solvent-free conditions for the N-Boc-activated secondary amide transamidation via tetrahedral intermediate was developed.
FeNbO4 nanochains with a five-electron transfer reaction toward high capacity and fast Li storage
Authors: Cui Yingxue , Zhou Zixuan , Li Sheng , Kang Rong , Zhang Yun , Wei Wei , Lian Jiabiao , Ge Shanhai , Li Huaming
Published: November 2023

One-dimensional FeNbO4 nanochains with both conversion and intercalation mechanisms show a five-electron transfer reaction for lithium-ion batteries, thus leading to high reversible capacity, superior rate capability and cycling stability.
The odd–even effect in n-carboxyalkylammonium-containing organic–inorganic hybrids of Mn(ii) halides: structural and magnetic characterisation
Authors: Bothma Shalene N. , Sheppard Charles J. , Turnbull Mark M. , Landee Christopher P. , Rademeyer Melanie
Published: November 2023

The combination of n-carboxyalkylamines with MnCl2 in HCl yields 0D compounds of the formula (NH3(CH2)nCOOH)2[MnCl4(H2O)2] when n = 2 or 4, and 2D halide perovskites of the formula (NH3(CH2)nCOOH)2[MnCl4] when n = 3 or 5.
Exploring the electron donor–acceptor duality of B3N3 in noncovalent interactions
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Sen Anik
Published: November 2023

B3N3 is a viable electron donor and electron acceptor to form noncovalent interactions.
High-pressure structural studies and pressure-induced sensitisation of 3,4,5-trinitro-1H-pyrazole
Authors: Atceken Nurunnisa , Hemingway Jack , Bull Craig L. , Liu Xiaojiao , Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Konar Sumit , Morrison Carole A. , Pulham Colin R.
Published: November 2023

Herein we report the first high-pressure study of the energetic material 3,4,5-trinitro-1H-pyrazole (3,4,5-TNP) using neutron powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Utility of all-pyrazole heteroscorpionates in f-element chemistry
Authors: Hossack Christopher , Cahill Christopher , Besson Claire
Published: November 2023

A new generation of heteroscorpionates, known as all-pyrazole heteroscorpionates is dicussed as a platform for the generation of f-element compounds with robust structural diversity, desirable photoluminescent and molecular magnetism properties.
Investigation of Ni–Cu-acid multifunctional synergism in NiCu-phyllosilicate catalysts toward the 1,4-butynediol hydrogenation to 1,4-butanediol
Authors: Wang Changzhen , Hai Xueqing , Li Jia , Liu Yupeng , Yu Xiaosheng , Zhao Yongxiang
Published: November 2023

By varying the reduction temperature of NiCu phyllosilicate structure, Ni(Cu)-L acid cooperative active sites are selectively regulated, which are crucial for the catalytic activity and selectivity of 1,4-butynediol hydrogenation.
Filling the gaps of uranium oxide hydrates with magnesium(ii) ions: unique layered structures and the role of additional sodium(i) ions
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Lu Kimbal T. , Wei Tao , Karatchevtseva I. , Zheng Rongkun
Published: November 2023

Three novel uranium oxide hydrate phases, with Mg2+ or Mg2+ and Na+ ions, were synthesised hydrothermally and characterised using a range of structural and spectroscopic techniques.
A supramolecular polymer network constructed using a pillararene-based multi-functional monomer and its application as a rewritable fluorescent paper
Authors: Liang Bicong , Xia Danyu , Cheng Yujie , Zheng Qiang , Wang Pi
Published: November 2023

A stimulus-responsive fluorescent supramolecular polymer network was constructed from a pillararene-based multi-functional monomer and used in the field of rewritable materials.
The broadband emission of Cr3+-doped CaY2Mg2Ge3O12 and its applications for NIR detectors
Authors: Li Yuyan , Jin Ye , Fang Fei , Lin Huayan , Chen Hongtao , Xiong Yanbin , Liu Yongfu , Ma Li , Wang Xiao-jun
Published: November 2023

CaY2Mg2Ge3O12:Cr3+ exhibits broadband NIR emission with thermal stability (92%@100 °C) and 81.1% internal quantum efficiency. The NIR pc-LED performs an NIR output power of 49.65 mW@400 mA and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 10.52% at 20 mA.
Effect of hydration equilibria on the relaxometric properties of Gd(iii) complexes: new insights into old systems
Authors: Nucera Alessandro , Platas-Iglesias Carlos , Carniato Fabio , Botta Mauro
Published: November 2023

Proposed is a multidisciplinary study of three Gd(iii) complexes that exist in solution as an equilibrium of two species with distinct hydration states. Data analysis is enhanced by taking into account the influence of the hydration equilibrium.
Emerging trends in membrane-based wastewater treatment: electrospun nanofibers and reticular porous adsorbents as key components
Authors: Kumar Manish , Chowdhury Sumanta , Randhawa Jaspreet Kaur
Published: November 2023

Exploring material trends with reticular porous materials (MOFs, COFs) and electrospun nanofibers in hybrid membrane design for wastewater remediation.
A syndromic diagnostic assay on a macrochannel-to-digital microfluidic platform for automatic identification of multiple respiratory pathogens
Authors: Dong Cheng , Li Fei , Sun Yun , Long Dongling , Chen Chunzhao , Li Mengyan , Wei Tao , Martins Rui P. , Chen Tianlan , Mak Pui-In
Published: November 2023

A macrochannel-to-digital microfluidic platform for automatic identification of multiple respiratory pathogens.
Recent advances of phenotypic screening strategies in the application of anti-influenza virus drug discovery
Authors: Jia Huinan , Hu Lide , Zhang Jiwei , Huang Xing , Jiang Yuanmin , Dong Guanyu , Liu Chuanfeng , Liu Xinyong , Kim Meehyein , Zhan Peng
Published: November 2023

From the point of view of medicinal chemistry, we review the research progress of phenotypic screening strategies by focusing direct acting antivirals against influenza virus.
Spirocyclization and Michael addition of 3-benzylidene succinimides: route to spirocyclopentapyrrolidine-tetraones and benzylidene N-arylpyrrolidine-diones
Authors: Dahiya Pooja , Yadav Anoop , Peddinti Rama Krishna
Published: November 2023

Reactions of 3-benzylidene succinimides with 2-substituted 2-hydroxy-indane-1,3-diones and unsaturated pyrazolones under basic conditions afforded spirocyclic compounds and Michael adducts, respectively, with high regio- and stereo-selectivities.
Local structural environment of single-atom catalysts
Authors: Chen Zheng , Han Lili
Published: November 2023

In this review, we discuss the catalytically active sites of single-atom catalysts regulated by modulating the metal single-atoms and coordination environment, as well as summarizing major challenges and development opportunities for the field of SACs.
Automated multistep synthesis of 2-pyrazolines in continuous flow
Authors: Labes Ricardo , Pastre Julio C. , Ingham Richard J. , Battilocchio Claudio , Marçon Henrique M. , Damião Mariana C. F. C. B. , Tran Duc N. , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2023

The synthesis of 2-pyrazolines from aldehydes via cycloaddition of unstabilised diazo species and alkenes is reported, including automated library generation and graphical interface for reaction control.
18F-Labeled brain-penetrant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for PET imaging of glioblastoma
Authors: Narayanam Maruthi Kumar , Tsang Jonathan E. , Xu Shili , Nathanson David A. , Murphy Jennifer M.
Published: November 2023

Fluorine-18 isotopologues of two EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting glioblastoma were synthesized. In vivo PET imaging revealed rapid brain uptake and accumulation in EGFR-driven orthotopic GBM xenograft tumors, confirming target expression.
Controlling primary chain dispersity in network polymers: elucidating the effect of dispersity on degradation
Authors: Shimizu Takanori , Whitfield Richard , Jones Glen R. , Raji Ibrahim O. , Konkolewicz Dominik , Truong Nghia P. , Anastasaki Athina
Published: November 2023

The development of a one-pot method to tune the primary chain dispersity in polymer networks and the notable effect of primary chain dispersity on gel degradation.
Long term water trapping in Pickering emulsions undergoing compositional ripening
Authors: Tadi Raj , Green Beth , Curwen Thomas , Clegg Paul S.
Published: November 2023

Water-in-oil emulsions are a potential way to achieve low-calorie foods. We investigate compositional ripening in two water-in-oil Pickering systems using confocal microscopy and particle tracking, revealing two contrasting end fates.
A simple method to alter the binding specificity of DNA-coated colloids that crystallize
Authors: Moerman Pepijn G. , Fang Huang , Videbæk Thomas E. , Rogers W. Benjamin , Schulman Rebecca
Published: November 2023

The binding properties of DNA-coated colloids are modified by growing new DNA domains on the particles’ surface using an isothermal DNA polymerization reaction.
Magneto-capillary particle dynamics at curved interfaces: inference and criticism of dynamical models
Authors: Livitz Dimitri , Dhatt-Gauthier Kiran , Bishop Kyle J. M.
Published: November 2023

We use methods of Bayesian data analysis to identify and validate a dynamical model that accurately predicts the field-driven motion of a magnetic particle adsorbed at the interface of a spherical droplet.
pH-Sensitive adsorption of gastrointestinal drugs (famotidine and pantoprazole) as pharmaceutical pollutants by using the Au-doped@ZIF-90-glycerol adsorbent: insights from computational modeling
Authors: Montazeri Narjes , Salahshoori Iman , Feyzishendi Parivash , Miri Fatemeh Sadat , Mohseni Mehdi Moayed , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: November 2023

Gastrointestinal drug pollutants pose environmental risks. Our study explores the adsorption of famotidine (FA) and pantoprazole (PA) using Au-ddoped@ZIF-90-gglycerol adsorbent (A@Z/G), emphasizing pH-sensitive effects on ecosystems.
Optimizing dense particles for efficient thermochemical fuel generation through a unified particle-level model
Authors: Zhao Lei , Deng Shuai , Lin Meng
Published: November 2023

This study presents a consistent modeling framework that accounts for gas–solid mass transfer, surface reactions, and bulk diffusion in reacting particles to identify the rate-limiting factors for thermochemical cycles.
Red light-triggerable nanohybrids of graphene oxide, gold nanoparticles and thermo-responsive polymers for combined photothermia and drug release effects
Authors: Consoli Grazia M. L. , Maugeri Ludovica , Forte Giuseppe , Buscarino Gianpiero , Gulino Antonino , Lanzanò Luca , Bonacci Paolo , Musso Nicolò , Petralia Salvatore
Published: November 2023

Efficient water-dispersible and biocompatible nanohybrids for red-light triggerable photothermal and drug release effects.
Species composition, diversity, and the benefit of macroalgae to increase food security in Ambon Island
Authors: Litaay Christina , Opier Rafidha D.H. , Pelasula Daniel D. , Rugebregt Marsya J.
Published: November 2023

Macroalgae is very important in maintaining the balance of coastal ecosystems and as a producer in the food chain. Besides having a high ecological value, macroalgae are also very important economically. This study aimed to determine the species composition, diversity, and benefits of macroalgae in Ambon Island. Macroalgae sampling was carried out at intervals of 10 m from the shoreline with 50 cm×50 cm quadrat randomly. The identified macroalgae were 23 species from Rhodophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Chlorophyceae, with a high species composition of 61% (station 1). Rhodophyta macroalgae species had a high diversity of 39% compared to Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta. The most dominant macroalgae was Ulva fasciata, genus Chlorophyta (22.02%). Station 1 had a higher concentration of phosphate nutrients compared to other stations. Macroalgae have important economic value as functional foods such as Gracilaria, Ulva, Sargassum, and Turbinaria. Macroalgae biodiversity has provided economic benefits as a functional food to increase food security.
Contrasting reef fish diversity and abundance in the Derawan Islands: A multi-temporal observations
Authors: Wouthuyzen Sam , Hukom Frensly D. , Cappenberg Hendriks A.W. , Souhoka Jemmy , Susetiono  , Nurjamin  , Sutiadi R. , Husni M.
Published: November 2023

Derawan Island, East Kalimantan Province, is located in the coral triangle, the center of mega biodiversity of the world's marine life, including reef fish. In this study, reef fish data were collected from 1994, 2003, and 2019 at six islands (Panjang, Derawan, Samama, Sangalaki, Kakaban, and Maratua) in Derawan Islands using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) technique. The analysis results focused on herbivores, carnivores, and corallivores reef fish show that the total species diversity and abundance in 1994, 2003, and 2019 amounted to 116 species (5,268 fish/ha), 93 species (2,664 fish/ha), and 104 species (5,332 fish/ha), respectively. Those reef fishes decreased from 1994 to 2003 due to overexploitation but increased again in 2019, especially Acanthurid, Scarid, and Lutjanid fish taxa, possibly due to local government conservation regulations. Biodiversity and abundance were found higher in the Kakaban and Maratua Islands for herbivorous fish (>25 species, >3,500 fish/ha) followed by carnivores and corallivores (±20 species, ±2,000 fish/ha) than in other islands. The diversity of corallivores, herbivores, and carnivores was moderately correlated with live coral cover with R2 of 0.78, 0.77, and 0.61, respectively, but low for fish abundance. Long-term reef fish monitoring is necessary to know coral reef health in this area.
Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in simping scallops (Placuna placenta) from the Waters of Socah and Ujungpangkah, East Java
Authors: Abida Indah Wahyuni , Andayani Sri , Yanuhar Uun , Hardoko
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Placuna placenta scallops from Socah and Ujungpangkah waters in East Java, Indonesia. The research involved sampling from Station 1 at Ujungpangkah and Station 2 at Socah waters. Water, sediment, and Simping scallops were sampled twice, in December 2018 and January 2019. The analysis method used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis results indicated that the total PAHs concentration was higher in Ujungpangkah waters compared to Socah waters. In line with the result of sediment samples, five types of compounds naphthalene, acenaphthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene were found to be more abundant in Ujungpangkah, while Socah waters exhibited the highest concentration of four compounds naphthalene, acenaphthene, 1- methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. When examining the scallop samples, the highest compound concentrations detected at both locations matched those in the water samples. The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) value, representing the accumulation of PAHs in Placuna placenta scallops, was higher when obtained from the water than the sediment. In summary, this study revealed varying PAH levels between the two sampling locations, with Ujungpangkah exhibiting higher concentrations than Socah. The results also demonstrated the ability of Placuna placenta scallops to accumulate PAHs from the surrounding water, highlighting their role as bioindicators of environmental contamination.
Ecological condition of seagrass meadow in Lembeh Island, Bitung Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Widagti Nuryani , Sidik Frida , Yunanto Agung , Ampou Eghbert Elvan , Surana I Nyoman
Published: November 2023

The condition of seagrass meadows is required information for conducting comprehensive management plans in coastal areas. This study provides information on the ecological condition of the seagrass ecosystem in Lembeh Island, based on seagrass species richness and coverage, macroalgal coverage, epiphyte coverage, and water transparency. We collected the data by performing 24 line transects at eight stations across the island. The seagrass ecosystem condition was determined using the Seagrass Ecological Quality Index (SEQI, range 0-1). We recorded eight seagrass species in the study site, with coverage of 48.88 ± 12.35% (mean ± SE). Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii were the most common species in the sampling stations. The coverage of macroalgal and epiphyte was substantially low, indicated by values of 1.64 ± 0.41% and 12.64 ± 3.57%, respectively. Our analysis showed that most of the seagrass meadows in Lembeh Island are in poor condition (SEQI mean: 0.48 ± 0.03), especially in the locations inside Lembeh Strait. Moderate conditions were only found outside Lembeh Strait, such as in Pancuran, Limangu, and Pasir Panjang (SEQI values: 0.60, 0.58, and 0.56, respectively). We suggest a long-term seagrass monitoring program to evaluate the trend of condition, a restoration program, and improve water environment quality.
Length-based population parameters of shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) in Bali Strait waters, Indonesia
Authors: Tampubolon Prawira Atmaja , Oh Chul Woong
Published: November 2023

Shortfin scad (Decapterus macrosoma) is one of the most abundant catches of purse seiners in Bali strait. This study aimed to reveal the length-length relationship, the length-weight relationship, and to estimate the length at first maturity (Lm50) and the length at first capture (Lc50) for D. macrosoma in the waters of Bali Strait. The samples were collected from Pengambengan Fishing Port from June to December 2018. A total of 3,341 shortfin scads were fork length measured and weighed during the research. There were 420 fish from the total sample fish measured more for the total and standard length and dissected. The sex and maturation stage determination were identified by gonad visual characteristics. The relationship between lengths was determined using linear regression, whereas the length-weight relationship was determined using power regression. The length at first maturity and capture were determined using the logistic curve. The lengths (total, fork, and standard) were highly related to each other. The lengths were also highly related to the weight. The growth pattern of the shortfin scad was hyperallometric. The Lm50 for D. macrosoma was 164 mmTL for males and 162 mmTL for females. They were shorter than the Lc50, which was 184 mmTL.
Unveiling the power of environmental DNA: A review of eDNA application to monitoring threatened fish in Indonesian Waters
Authors: Kusumah Ruby Vidia , Larashati Sekar , Priyadi Agus , Wibowo Kunto , Wahyudewantoro Gema , Nizar Muhammad , Widoretno Mey Ristanti
Published: November 2023

This study examines environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques to detect and monitor threatened fish species in Indonesian waters. By analyzing 17 selected documents out of 284 papers and 310 metadata files, the study identified 30 Indonesian threatened fish species through eDNA technology which only assessed 8.5% of 352 threatened fish species in Indonesian waters based on Fishbase data, particularly in families such as Osphronemidae, Melanotaeniidae, Dasyatidae, Carcharhinidae, and Gobiidae. The paper discusses estimating fish abundance using eDNA analysis, including sample collection, eDNA concentration analysis, correlation with fish biomass, and field application. Challenges and limitations in estimating fish abundance through eDNA are addressed, such as misinterpretation, environmental factors, eDNA persistence, and sampling bias. The findings highlighted the potential of eDNA as a valuable tool for detecting and monitoring threatened fish species in Indonesian waters. However, further research and conservation efforts are needed in this area. By addressing the identified challenges and limitations, a better understanding of threatened fish populations can be gained, leading to effective conservation strategies and the long-term survival of these species in Indonesian waters.
Reproductive aspects of the Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) in the Southern Java waters (FMA-RI 573)
Authors: Lisamy Sisilia E. A. , Simanjuntak Charles P. H. , Ervinia Ayu , Romdoni Taufiq A. , Munandar Arif , Nurfaiqah Seplina , Guarte Donna M.
Published: November 2023

This study describes the reproductive biology of the Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) captured from the Southern Java Waters (FMA-RI 573). Fish monthly sampling collection was conducted from July to December 2022 at three fish landing ports: PPI Ciwaru, PPN Palabuhanratu, and PPI Binuangeun. Overall, 951 individuals consisting of 469 males (49.32%) and 482 females (50.68%), with a size range of 92-300 mm and a weight range of 10–344 g were collected. The sex ratio is balanced (1:1.10), with fecundity ranging from 10,079 to 82,650 eggs. The length at first maturity is 146 mm for males and 141 mm for females. The Japanese threadfin bream is a total spawner. Spawning occurs throughout the sampling period, with a peak in October-November. The length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) measures the sustainability of fish stocks, indicating that Japanese threadfin bream in southern Java is in an overexploited condition.
The morphological aspect of a brown tilapia compared to that of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Iswanto Bambang , Suprapto Rommy , Robisalmi Adam , Gunadi Bambang
Published: November 2023

Brown tilapia is the descendant of long-finned ornamental tilapia. This is a new kind of tilapia with normal-sized fins. Thus, it is not suitable as an ornamental fish. Despite this, the feasibility of brown tilapia for food fish should be evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate the morphological aspects of brown tilapia in terms of morphometric, meristic, length-weight relationship, condition factor, morphological abnormality, and fluctuating asymmetry compared to those of the NIRWANA Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which commonly cultured in Indonesia. The observations were undertaken at the end of the grow-out phase. The grow-out phase was conducted for four months, while the larval rearing and nursery phases were previously conducted for two months. The results showed that, except for the color, the brown tilapia could not be morphologically differentiated from NIRWANA Nile tilapia. The brown tilapia's length-weight relationship and condition factor were similar to those of the NIRWANA Nile tilapia. As such, in NIRWANA Nile tilapia, the brown tilapia exhibited some fluctuating asymmetry with no morphological abnormality. Those overall results suggested that the brown tilapia was considered to have the potential to be developed as a new kind of tilapia food fish.
The effect of individual selection on sperm motility in tropical abalone Haliotis squamata
Authors: Permana I. Gusti Ngurah , Suprapto Rommy , Gunawan  , Sumarwan Joko , Nurejo Supono Panut , Mahardika Ketut , Julyantoro Pande Gde Sasmita
Published: November 2023

High-quality broodstock is required to support successful cultivation activities of the tropical abalone. This study aimed to find out the structure of the sperm under the influence of individual selection. A total of 50 eggs per batch were measured in egg diameter, calculated by the degree of fertilization and hatching rate. Sperm collection is carried out from the natural spawning of male abalone from the wild (F0) and the selected offspring from individual Fillial-1, F2, and F3 selections. Samples of sperm were collected by artificial spawning and analyzed using the Sperm Class Analyzer® CASA System. The results showed that the wild abalone (F0) had the highest hatching rate but was not significantly different from other derivatives (P > 0.05). The average spermatozoa was 2.39 million cells/m, with the highest spermatozoa (F0) of 7.110 million cells/ml. The most increased sperm motility and rapid velocity were in the wild (89.78%; 34.00%) and the lowest of F2 (22.00; 4.00%). A significant difference in sperm motility and rapid velocity were found between F0 and other treatment. The consequences of individual selection will aid in studying reproductive factors and sperm motility, which are most likely crucial in tropical abalone fertilization.
Trends of Indonesia’s bigeye tuna longline fisheries in the Eastern Indian Ocean: Catch per unit effort and length distribution
Authors: Hartaty Hety , Setyadji Bram , Sadiyah Lilis , Satria Fayakun
Published: November 2023

Bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839), is one of the primary target species for Indonesian tuna longliners operated in the eastern part of the Indian Ocean. However, the fishing trend and biological information are still scarce despite their importance in developing harvest strategy in the region. The study provides nominal catch per unit effort (CPUE) and length compositions of bigeye tuna caught by the Indonesian tuna longliners from the area. Data were obtained from records made by the onboard scientific observers assigned by the Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries (RITF) from 2006 to 2021. The data covers records from 3180 longline settings in 118 fishing trips in which more than 4 million hooks deployed. The fishing efforts were distributed between 0-35°S and 75-130°E, with 10 to 15 hooks between floats. The highest CPUE was 0.29±0.05 fish per 100 hooks in 2014, and the lowest was 0.09±0.05 fish per 100 hooks in 2021. From 8150 fish measurements in 2006 to 2021, the average size was 117.66±24.13 cm FL, and the dominant size class was 120–130 cmFL. While the average size of BET shows an increasing trend the CPUEs were declining.
Study of the kinematics of a disc-pin working body
Authors: Abdrakhmanov Rinat , Kononov Maxim , Kalimullin Marat , Troyanovskaya Irina , Sakhapov Rustem , Razetdinov Ilgiz
Published: November 2023

Currently, there are a large number of tillage disc working tools. The article provides a detailed analysis of their designs. The main disadvantage of all structures is slippage during its interaction with the soil, which greatly reduces the quality of tillage. To eliminate this drawback, a new design of a soil-cultivating disc-pin working body was developed. The purpose of this study was to study the kinematics of a soil-cultivating disc-pin working body to ensure uniform operation without slipping. The rotation of the disk is ensured by a pin drum. During the forward movement of the trolley, the pins enter the soil, engage with it and turn the pin drum until, due to this rotation, they come out of the soil. A mathematical model of the movement of the ends of the pins in the plane of motion and taking into account the angle of attack has been compiled. Based on kinematics studies, the main parameters of the disc-pin working body are substantiated, the performance of which has been confirmed experimentally.
Method for repairing steel crankshaft joints
Authors: Tarasenko Boris , Dzjasheev Abdul-Mudalif , Markov Viktor , Zagidullin Ramil , Akhmetshin Stanislav , Yakushev Adel
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the results of a study aimed at ensuring the maintainability of crankshafts, as well as the importance of the need to restore worn crankshaft journals, an analysis of existing methods and an innovative method developed by the authors. The essence of which lies in the fact that each neck of the shaft is subjected to copper plating by contacting at the moment of rotation with a swab dipped in a solution of copper sulphate in water and in an electrolyte. Then, on each neck, plates obtained by rolling from a mixture of brass powder and powders of hard alloy materials (tungsten carbides, titanium, etc.) are mounted by wrapping around the neck, with layers of pasty flux from borax, brass powder, and soldering fat deposited on their surface. Further, with the help of a detachable inductor fixed in the tool holder of the machine, each neck is subjected to heating in turn. Moreover, when the inductor is turned on, a low frequency is first used to increase the depth of heating, and then the frequency increases.
Synthesis of a cost-effective magnetic nanoparticles coated sugarcane bagasse and testing tetracycline removal capacity
Authors: Huong Ta Thi , Doan Trang Tran Y.
Published: November 2023

This study describes a modified method to prepare nanomagnetic coated sugarcane bagasse. Under the general chemicals: iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O); sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) these were commercially available and a simple method, authors were successfully synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated sugarcane bagasse. These nanoparticles were heterogenous and formed nanoclusters on the sugarcane bagasse surface under Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. Herein, we show that given the right experimental circumstances, the novel and prospective nanomagnetic sugarcane bagasse might prove to be an intriguing adsorbent for a variety of applications. For tetracycline removal case study: the studied material was significantly adsorbed this contaminant with the highest adsorption capacity was 15 mg/g under 25 mg/L initial tetracycline concentration; pH 6; equilibrium time: 15 hours; and magnetic nanoparticle sugarcane bagasse: 1 g/L. The fundamental result in the research denotes that the material could be a potential adsorbent for eliminating various contaminants in upcoming studies.
Conceptual basis for digitalization of specifications of transport and technological cycles of agricultural UAVs
Authors: Kovalev Igor , Kovalev Dmitry , Astanakulov Komil , Podoplelova Valerya , Borovinsky Dmitry , Efa Svetlana
Published: November 2023

The conceptual basis for digitalization of the specifications of transport and technological cycles of agricultural UAVs used in performing agrotechnical operations in smart agriculture is presented in the article. The basic properties of specifications have been studied. Methods for analyzing the main properties of specifications are considered and the relationship between specifications and the main stages of the life cycle of transport and technological cycles of UAVs is established. Based on GERT-oriented conceptual specification tools, a method for organizing conceptual specification tools based on GERT-like nodal logic is proposed in the article. Formalization of the GERT-network specification of transport and technological cycles of agricultural UAVs has been completed. The proposed approach to creating specifications for transport and technological cycles of UAVs in smart agriculture makes it possible to ensure full compliance of the specifications with the basic requirements for accuracy, clarity and completeness of description.
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for neutron-induced capture and charged-particle production cross section observables
Authors: Lewis Amanda M. , Neudecker Denise , Carlson Allan D. , Smith Donald L. , Thompson Ian , Wallner Anton , Barry Devin P. , Bernstein Lee A. , Block Robert C. , Croft Stephen , Danon Yaron , Drosg Manfred , Haight Robert C. , Herman Michal W. , Lee Hye Young , Otuka Naohiko , Sjöstrand Henrik , Sobes Vladimir
Published: November 2023

This paper provides a template of expected uncertainties and correlations for measurements of neutron-induced capture and charged-particle production cross sections. Measurements performed in-beam include total absorption spectroscopy, total energy detection,γ-ray spectroscopy, and direct charged-particle detection. Offline measurements include activation analysis and accelerator mass spectrometry. The information needed for proper use of the datasets in resonance region and high energy region evaluations is described, and recommended uncertainties are provided when specific values are not available for a dataset.
A New Concept for Cervical Expansion Screws Using Shape Memory Alloy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Grunert Ronny , Winkler Dirk , Knoop Nikolas , Weidling Martin , Matzke Cornelia , Scholz Sebastian , Meixensberger Juergen , Arlt Felix
Published: November 2023

Background In general, sufficient anchoring of screws in the bone material ensures the intended primary stability.

Methods Shape memory materials offer the option of using temperature-associated deformation energy in a targeted manner to compensate the special situation of osteoporotic bones or the potential lack of anchoring. An expansion screw was developed for these purposes. Using finite element analysis (FEA), the variability of screw configuration and actuator was assessed from shape memory. In particular, the dimensioning of the screw slot, the actuator length, and the actuator diameter as well as the angle of attack in relation to the intended force development were considered.

Results As a result of the FEA, a special configuration of expansion screw and shape memory element could be found. Accordingly, with an optimal screw diameter of 4 mm, an actuator diameter of 0.8 mm, a screw slot of 7.8 mm in length, and an angle of attack of 25 degrees, the best compromise between individual components and high efficiency in favor of maximum strength can be predicted.

Conclusion Shape memory material offers the possibility of using completely new forms of power development. By skillfully modifying the mechanical and shape memory elements, their interaction results in a calculated development of force in favor of a high primary stability of the screw material used. Activation by means of body temperature is a very elegant way of initializing the intended locking and screw strength.