bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review Essay: The Underlife of the Dialectic: Sylvia Wynter on Autopoeisis and Epistemic Rupture
Authors: Alagraa Bedour
Published: February 2023

While most of Political Theory’s 50th anniversary issue looks forward to imagining political theory in the future, the Book Review section looks backward to consider those books and schools of political theory not reviewed on the pages of the journal—but which went on to shape the field nonetheless. The aim of this section is not to constitute a new and newly virtuous canon, but rather to goad readers to reflect anew on knowledge production and the institutional and circulatory practices that compose it, reaching from journal readers, to classrooms and conferences, and on to late night conversations and confabulations.
Strata pressure behavior and overlying strata movement characteristics of slicing backfill mining in thick coal seams
Authors: Li Zhihua , Yang Ke , Wei Tingshuang , Liu Cheng , Zhou Peng , Miao Jianhua
Published: February 2023

To improve the coal recovery rate, paste backfill mining was used for 3# coal seam under the industrial square in Panji No.4 Coal Mine. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and similar simulation were applied to study the underground pressure behavior and the overlying strata movement. Results demonstrate the following. (a) Caving mining exerts IV-level mining-induced damages to ground buildings, while slicing backfill mining only causes I-level mining-induced damages to ground buildings. (b) The maximum surface subsidence coefficient of backfill mining is 0.02, and the maximum surface subsidence value is only 4.12% of that under caving mining. (c) The front abutment pressure peak of the working face in caving mining is 28.31 MPa and only 17.82 MPa in backfill mining, which is only 62.95% of caving mining. The distance from the stress peak to the coal wall decreases from 11.14 to 3.04 m. Therefore, the paste backfilling mining of 3# coal seam below the industrial square of Panji No. 4 Coal Mine can effectively control the overlying strata movement and decrease the surface subsidence significantly. Compared with caving mining, backfill mining significantly relieves the strata pressure behaviors and narrows the distance of mining influence.
Exploring the Evidence-Based Driving Factors of Innovation in Arts and Cultural Organizations
Authors: Li Chuan , Coll-Serrano Vicente , Rausell-Köster Pau
Published: February 2023

Innovation in arts and cultural sectors is an emerging study. Exploring and identifying driving factors of innovation by arts and cultural organizations can help to understand the implications for innovation management and thus, strengthening the competitiveness of arts and cultural sectors. But the existing literature on this topic usually is subject to some limitations due to the shortage of empirical evidence and overemphasis on technological innovation. To overcome it, this article explored evidence-based determinants of innovation in museums organizations, based on survey data and statistical approach; furthermore, it also extended the scope of innovation from technological to cultural and organizational dimensions. Our findings provide empirical evidence for existing theoretical propositions—some propositions are supported and the others are not. Based on these conclusions, some implications are developed for innovation management in museum organizations.
Thyroglossal duct diseases: presentation and outcomes
Authors: Muhialdeen Aso S. , Salih Abdulwahid M. , Ahmed Mohsin M. , Saeed Yadgar A. , Qaradakhy Aras J. , Baba Hiwa O. , Abdullah Ari M. , Kakamad Fahmi H. , Mohammed Shvan H. , Hiwa Dilan Sarmad , Mohammed Mohammed Subhan , Najmadden Zana Baqi
Published: February 2023

Objective

The incidence of thyroglossal duct diseases in the general population is about 7%. We aimed to demonstrate the clinical presentations and management of thyroglossal duct diseases.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent surgery for histopathologically confirmed thyroglossal duct cyst, sinus, or fistula at a single center.

Results

A total of 151 cases were included in this study. There were more female patients (87, 58%) than male patients (64, 42%). The patients’ ages ranged from 1 to 63 years old. The most prevalent complaint was painless upper midline neck swelling (93.3%). Most cases were diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cysts (137, 90.7%). Six cases (4%) were associated with carcinoma. All the cases were managed using the modified Sistrunk procedure. There were no procedure-related complications, and five cases of recurrence.

Conclusions

Although thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common neck anomaly in children, it may also present with various characteristics later in life. This condition can be managed successfully without complications and with a low recurrence rate.
Long term outcome of complex surgical resection and reconstruction for rare thoracic cancers
Authors: Pastorino Ugo , Leuzzi Giovanni , Sabia Federica , Girotti Paolo , Duranti Leonardo , Radaelli Stefano , Fiore Marco , Stacchiotti Silvia , Patrizia Giannatempo , Salvioni Roberto , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Background

Complex surgical resection and reconstruction for rare thoracic cancers (RTCs) represent a major challenge, given their very low frequency, extreme variability of presentation, multi-modality treatment options and inadequate outcome prediction. We analysed the experience of a tertiary referral centre on a consecutive series of patients with thoracic germ cell tumours, thymomas and sarcomas, with the aim of reporting the long-term outcome by cancer type and complexity of surgical procedures.

Methods

From Jan 2003 to Dec 2018, 768 surgical procedures were performed with curative intent on 644 RTC patients. Study endpoints were: post-operative hospital stay (Pod), 30-day and 90-day mortality, 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS). Median follow-up of alive patients was 7.2 years.

Results

Median Pod was 7 days, with a 1.2% 30-day and 2.9% 90-day mortality. OS was 90.8% at one year, 74.2% at five years and 62.8% at 10 years. Ten-year OS was 73.0% in low, 65.3% in intermediate, and 55.6% in high complexity score (Log-rank tests p<0.0001); 66.6% in patients with one or two reconstructions and 46.4% in patients with three or more reconstructions (p<0.0001); 46.0% with vascular and 50.0% with chest wall reconstruction; 71.8% in germ cell tumours, 64.6% in thymoma and 51.3% in sarcoma (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

Complex surgical resection and reconstruction was associated with acceptable 90-day mortality and good 10-year survival in all RTC types. A predictive score based on surgical complexity and cancer type can help the clinical decision making.
Challenges to Help-Seeking Among Women of Color Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Kedia Satish K. , Dillon Patrick J. , Howell Kathryn H.
Published: February 2023

Women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) often rely on support from their informal support networks to obtain resources that may mitigate IPV. This study explored the challenges women of color encounter in seeking advice and information from their informal support networks (i.e., family, friends, neighbors, community members) regarding IPV support services. In-depth interviews were conducted with 29 IPV survivors who self-identified as Black or Hispanic. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results showed that participants lacked informational support, both in their communities and in their interpersonal relationships with family and friends. Communities treated IPV as normal and propagated the belief that women’s responsibilities were to men and family. Family and friends discouraged IPV information seeking and advised that IPV should be kept private to avoid community shaming. The community environments also lacked information about resources for women experiencing IPV. The lack of information from their informal support networks appeared to delay participants’ help-seeking. As the frequency and severity of violence escalated, some participants engaged in independent information searching, using social media and online information sources as well as conventional media like radio and newspapers. Others received information from first responders in the wake of a violent emergency. Participants described the information they received online or from first responders as empowering, encouraging them to engage in support services. Similarly, they felt empowered by the information they received from social workers, counselors, and victims’ advocates, and they wished to use what they learned to help other women in similar circumstances. Women experiencing IPV and their communities need more information regarding IPV support services. Successful interventions for IPV survivors and their support networks may necessitate community-level education and altering biased perceptions of gender-appropriate behaviors.
A review of aircraft environmental control system simulation and diagnostics
Authors: Chowdhury Shafayat H , Ali Fakhre , Jennions Ian K
Published: February 2023

The aircraft Environmental Control System (ECS) enables the aircraft to maintain a comfortable and safe environment for its passengers throughout its operating envelope. The Pressurised Air Conditioner (PACK) is the heart of the ECS, and is composed of multiple sub-systems: heat exchangers, valves, compressor, turbine, and a water separator. The PACK’s principle function is to enable conditioning of the hot, high pressure bleed air from the engine or APU, for temperature, pressure and humidity against the cabin requirements. The operation of the PACK is governed by a control system which has the ability to mask degradation in its component during operation until severe degradation or failure results. The required maintenance is then both costly and disruptive. The PACK has been reported as major driver of unscheduled maintenance by the operators. The aviation industry is currently proactively exploring innovative health management solutions that aid the maintenance of aircraft key systems based on predictive based maintenance approaches using online condition monitoring techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the simulation and diagnostic methodologies applicable to fault diagnostics of the ECS PACK. The existing literature suggests that model-based and data-driven methods are effective for conducting fault detection and isolation of the PACK system. The conceived findings indicate that the model-based diagnostic approach have been extensively employed to conduct PACK diagnostics at component level only. Their successful implementation requires robust experimental verification and validation against the actual data under healthy and faulty conditions. Although a substantial amount of work has been reported on developing first principles based simulation models and diagnostic strategies for the ECS, the acquired findings suggest that there is a compelling need for a verified and validated ECS simulation model to enable accurate PACK system-level diagnostics based on single and multiple component level degradation scenarios. It has also been identified that the existing literature lacks the evaluation of humidity regulation and the effect of the control system on the PACK performance characteristics. Finally, a taxonomy of diagnostic techniques and simulation models is compiled based on the available literature.
Psychosocial factors involved in the very infrequent use of HIV testing among French MSM: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mabire-Yon Renaud , Di Ciaccio Marion , Picard Hervé , Palich Romain , Supervie Virginie , Préau Marie
Published: February 2023

Background

Among men who have sex with men (MSM) in France, the average time between infection and testing is too long, leading to late diagnosis. A better understanding of very infrequent HIV testing (VIT; i.e. have not tested for at least 6 years) could help reach unknowingly long-infected MSM. Thus, we aim to identify psychosocial factors associated with VIT among MSM in France.

Methods

We conducted a multivariate regression on the data collected via a cross-sectional survey among 315 MSM.

Results

11.1% ( n = 35) had VIT. Being over 50, not knowing about the existence of HIV self-testing, having predominantly heterosexual friends, and the level of belief in the effectiveness of treatment as prevention were significantly associated with VIT.

Conclusion

We call for the development, at the same time, of programs that operate at the individual, institutional and societal levels. In particular, we recommend diversifying the modes of promotion and access to prevention tools, especially for MSM over 50 years old or with little or no connection to the gay community.
Psychological resilience: Connecting contemporary psychology to ancient practical philosophy
Authors: Owen Joel
Published: February 2023

Over the last five decades, a substantial and increasing number of scholarly studies have appeared on the topic of resilience, but relatively little attention has been paid to the way in which it relates to a body of work in ancient Greek and Roman practical philosophy. In this article, I review contemporary research on psychological resilience alongside a discussion of ancient practical philosophy such as it was conceived of by philosophers such as Socrates, the Cynics, the Stoics, and the Epicureans. I suggest that acknowledging and exploring the connections between these two fields has the potential to enrich the study both of psychological resilience and of ancient practical philosophy. Having drawn attention to a number of important points of connection, I discuss some of the theoretical implications for our current understanding of resilience and finish by pointing towards several areas of potential interest for future exploration on this topic.
Symbiosis or friction: Understanding participant motivations for information sharing and institutional goals in participatory archive initiatives
Authors: Roeschley Ana
Published: February 2023

There is no participatory archive without an individual participant’s willingness to share their archival records and relevant background information about their records. Yet, information sharing as it comes to archives is not centered or adequately explored in work on participatory archive initiatives—leaving questions about participant motivations and how these motivations line up with the archive’s goals. Through a combination of primary source data analysis and ethnographic field data collection and analysis, this study aims to close that knowledge gap. The ties between archival institutions and archival record creators in participatory archives are investigated in order to understand what motivations for information sharing participants bring to participatory archives and how these correspond to the goals of archival institutions which engage with participatory initiatives. Findings show that key actors in participatory archives, the participants who contribute their stories and records to the archive, are largely driven by self-fulfillment when contributing to the archives. Meanwhile, goals from institutional archives include both inclusive community-building and collection-building. While participant motivations and institutional goals can lead to moments of friction between archives and participants, they can also be symbiotic foundations of participatory archive initiatives.
Does Zero-Leverage Phenomenon improve Sustainable Environmental Manufacturing Sector: Evidence from Pakistani Manufacture Industry?
Authors: Ehsan Sadaf , Tabasam Aftab Hussain , Ramos-Meza Carlos Samuel , Ashiq Anam , Jain Vipin , Nazir Mian Sajid , Shabbir Malik Shahzad , Gohae Hafiza Madiha
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the key determinants of the policy of zero-leverage firms and why these firms are a financial constraint. The concept of capital structure has now adopted a new term which is known as zero-leverage (ZL) policy. Despite of endless benefits of leverage zero-leverage phenomenon is yet emerging not only just in developed countries but also in developing countries. This study has taken the sample of listed non-financial firms of Pakistan for 2006–2020. The Logit regression model is used to investigate the determinants of the zero-leverage phenomenon. Moreover, the proxy of constraint and unconstraint firms are dividend-paying and non-dividend-paying zero-leverage firms as well as SA-index respectively. The results show that the key determinants of ZL policy are profitability, growth rate, tax and dividend. Further, findings show that most of the ZL firms are a financial constraint. However, the sub-section of ZL firms is also found financially unconstraint with high profitability.
Mechanics and Experience in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Opportunities for Civic Empathy
Authors: Kessner Taylor Milan , Cortes Luis Perez
Published: February 2023

Background

Videogames are widely considered effective learning environments, with powerful lessons relevant to those who design teaching and learning experiences. Violent videogames, however, are often left out of such conversations.

Intervention

In this context, we examine Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (MW) as a violent videogame that might suggest design principles useful for effecting emotional experiences, a key element to the formation of memories and therefore learning.

Methods

Through narrative description of two missions from MW and interleaved discussion of its mechanics, we contend even violent videogames might inform the design of interactive learning experiences.

Results

We highlight how MW’s mechanics (a) are designed to constrain player’s actions to facilitate visceral experiences, while being (b) thoughtfully juxtaposed with typical first-person shooter mechanics, to (c) create opportunities to develop what we call civic empathy, the ability to understand—even share to some extent—the feelings of another person with whom one shares a common affiliation with and responsibility to one or more social groups. We also highlight the concept of global civic empathy, in which one includes the world’s citizens as co-members of a global community.

Discussion

Learning from simulations and games is often discussed through the lens of actions made available to players. Our contribution is the flip side of that coin—what a game or simulation prevents players from doing—is equally important.

Limitations

We played these missions ourselves. We therefore limit our conclusions to our own experiences, though we contend our findings may inform the design of learning games and simulations.

Conclusion

In simplest terms, our theory of action is this: (1) Constraining mechanics (2) create juxtaposition and cognitive dissonance, which in turn (3) create emotional experiences that serve as rich sites for complex learning (empathy development) to take place.
Occupational Disease in New York State: An Update
Authors: Lax Michael B. , Zoeckler Jeanette M.
Published: February 2023

An assessment of occupational disease in New York State was undertaken that partially replicated and expanded earlier work from 1987. Utilizing an expanded conception of occupational disease, the assessment used a variety of data sources and methods to provide estimates of mortality and morbidity of occupational disease; workers exposed to specific workplace hazards; disparities in occupational disease among racial/ethnic groups and gender; costs and distribution of costs of occupational disease; and accessible occupational medical resources. Examples of the pathways work may impact health in some of the major health issues of current import including stress-related health conditions; substance use; and overweight/obesity were included. The report contains recommendations for addressing the problem of occupational disease in New York State and advocates for the convening of a statewide group to develop an occupational disease prevention agenda.
Empty Nests: A Study on the Left-Behind Parents of Emigrated Children from Punjab (India)
Authors: Kaur Kiran Jyoti , Sinha Anil Kishore
Published: February 2023

The ever-occurring phenomenon of migration has great impact on the lives of migrants and their left-behind families. The mechanism of migration has physically separated many families. The present study is an attempt to understand how transnational migration has impacted the lives of left-behind parents living in the village Khizarabad, Punjab, India. Data from 30 parents were collected using in-depth interviews and quasi-participant observation methods. Couple of interviews were counted as one parent and as one interview. Experiences of parents were documented using narratives. The findings of the study revealed that the emotional cost of migration is suffered by the left-behind parents. The remittances received by the parents improved their economic conditions but at the same time decreases physical and emotional support. The paper also draws a conclusion that technology has played a vital role in such situations as it strengthens family ties across borders through phone calls and video calls.
A Common Identity Intervention to Improve Service Quality for Consumers Experiencing Vulnerabilities
Authors: Cabano Frank G. , Minton Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2023

Prior research shows that consumers act in ways to avoid associating with conflicting social identities. However, it is unclear how such conflicting social identities influence the behaviors of service providers when interacting with consumers experiencing vulnerabilities, leading to potential marketplace discrimination. Additionally, research has yet to adequately identify what type of intervention strategy may be introduced in order to improve service quality when discrimination occurs. Across six studies, within the context of highly religious service providers or highly conservative service employees interacting with LGBTQIA + consumers, we demonstrate that the motivation to avoid being associated with undesirable social identities negatively influences their service quality toward these consumers experiencing vulnerabilities, leading to discrimination against such consumers. This occurs because of an increase in social identity threat perceptions associated with providing service to these consumers. We also identify an important boundary condition, such that this effect manifests when providing service that is high (vs. low) in identity relevance. Importantly, we provide evidence for a common identity intervention (i.e., focusing on the commonalities between actors) as a strategy that increases service quality and show its effectiveness across multiple contexts and using real businesses.
Evaluation of dietary histories in cats presenting with chronic gastrointestinal clinical signs to a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Schramm Andreina , Kook Peter Hendrik
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Although less frequently described than in dogs, it is also well recognised in cats that chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease can fully respond to dietary changes only. So far, no study has assessed how much dietary information can be obtained during veterinary consultations.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated how much dietary information was available when owners presenting their cats to our gastroenterology (GE) and internal medicine (IM) service between October 2017 and January 2020 were questioned during consultations. Because of the larger IM caseload, for each week the first two cats presenting with chronic GI signs were selected for the IM group. Data from 80 cats presenting for first GE consultations were compared with data from 84 cats presenting with chronic GI signs for first IM consultations.

Results

Referrals comprised 42/80 (53%) GE cats and 53/84 (63%) IM cats. Referral documents mentioned the previously fed diet in 12/42 (29%) GE and 4/53 (8%) IM cats, and response to that previous diet trial was recorded in the referral documents of 4/12 (33%) GE and 3/4 (75%) IM cats. No cat had received more than one previous diet trial. During consultations, owners of 61/80 (76%) GE and 53/84 (63%) IM cats were asked about diet. Irrespective of referral status, previous dietary trials had been performed in 27/61 (44%) GE and 19/53 (36%) IM cats. The specific diet fed at the time of consultation could be named by 37/61 (61%) GE and 11/53 (21%) IM cat owners.

Conclusions and relevance

Overall dietary information gained from referring veterinarians and owners was often incomplete. Although more information could be gained from owners during GE consultations vs IM consultations, awareness of the importance of diet in cats with GI disease still appears to be low among veterinarians and cat owners. Future studies need to assess if more complete dietary information can be obtained at the time of consultations with a prospective study design.
Pre- and postsurgical measurements in patients with strabismus sursoadductorius a retrospective study
Authors: Voith-Sturm Victoria , Rezar-Dreindl Sandra , Neumayer Thomas , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Stifter Eva
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Strabismus sursoadductorius is the most common strabismus of the oblique eye muscles. The changes in squint angle, elevation in adduction, abnormal head posture and binocular vision were collected to get an overview of the results at the largest clinic in Austria.

Methods

This study is a retrospective study. The orthoptic and ophthalmologic parameters of 102 patients who were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry between January 2017 und September 2020 were collected and statistically analysed.

Results

The mean age was 12.2 ± 14.8 years. The squint angle changed from 18.3 ± 6.3 presurgical to 13.4 ± 9.7 (p = 0.09) with Hirschberg measurement. The squint angle changed from 12.5 ± 7.7 to 6.7 ± 4.9 (p < 0.01) at distance and from 12.5 ± 7.6 to 6.1 ± 4.5 (p < 0.01) at near with the prism covertest. Elevation in adduction showed a highly significant change (p < 0.01) from 15 ± 5.6 to 1.4 ± 2.8 degrees on average postsurgical. In binocular vision at distance there was also a highly significant (p < 0.01) change with 21.6% to postsurgical 37.3% positive tests. At near, the positives also increased significantly (p = 0.01) from 32.4% to 39.2%. There was no significant change in stereo vision (p = 1.0). Presurgical 52.9% of the sample had an abnormal head posture, postsurgical it was 38.2%, this change is also highly significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The change was significant to highly significant for most parameters (i.e., squint angle, elevation in adduction, and abnormal head posture).
Case report: Chronic radial artery occlusion treated with paclitaxel-coated balloon via distal transradial access
Authors: Liu Ming-hao , Liu Hai-ming , Gao Li-jian , Tian Tao , Li Ang , Wang Qing-kai , Jiang Xiong-jing , Yang Wei-xian , Wu Yong-jian , Xu Bo , Chen Jue , Yuan Jin-qing
Published: February 2023

A 38-year-old male patient was diagnosed as acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on Apr 21st 2021 and he received percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for RCA via transradial artery access. He sought for second percutaneous coronary intervention in our center for frequently exertional angina on Sep 13th 2021. Proximal right radial artery pulsation can not be touched in physical examination, indicating right radial artery occlusion (RAO). Distal transradial access was applied and RAO was confirmed via angiography. With balloon pre-dilation, the guidewire and guiding catheter crossed the occlusion and coronary intervention was successfully completed. A Reewarm 2.5 × 220 mm paclitaxel drug-coated balloon (Endovastec, China) was released at 12 atm in radial arterial lesion with 90 s. Pulsation of radial artery can be well palpated 24 h after PCI. No oral anticoagulant was added. The right radial artery remained patent after 8-month and 14-month follow-up and there was no abnormal sensation or obstacle of right hand.
Prevalence of high-risk conditions for severe COVID-19 among Medicaid-enrolled children with autism and mental health diagnoses in the United States
Authors: Schott Whitney , Tao Sha , Shea Lindsay
Published: February 2023

Children are at risk of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. We examine whether autistic children and children with mental health conditions have higher odds of underlying health conditions at high risk of severe disease from COVID-19. We use claims data from a national sample of Medicaid-enrolled children for the years 2008–2016. We examine (1) children with claims for autism and (2) a random sample of children covered by Medicaid, without autism claims but with mental health condition. The comparison group is a random sample of children without autism or any mental health condition. There were 888,487 autistic children, 423,397 with mental health conditions (but not autism or intellectual disability), and 932,625 children without autism or mental health condition. We found 29.5% of autistic children and 25.2% of children with mental health conditions had an underlying condition with high risk for severe illness from COVID, compared to 14.1% of children without these diagnoses. Autistic children had higher odds of having any underlying condition (odds ratio = 2.17; 99% confidence interval = 2.14–2.20), as did children with mental health conditions (odds ratio = 1.71; 99% confidence interval = 1.68–1.73), adjusting for basic demographic characteristics. Children with diagnoses of autism and mental health conditions may be at higher risk for severe COVID due to high-risk condition prevalence.

Lay abstract

Children are at risk of varying severity of illness and even death from COVID-19. We aim to determine whether autistic children or children with mental health conditions have more underlying health conditions that put people at risk of severe illness from COVID-19. We use data from a national sample of Medicaid-enrolled children for the years 2008–2016. These data include children across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. We compare the prevalence of underlying conditions among autistic children and children with mental health condition to that of other children in Medicaid. This study included 888,487 autistic children, 423,397 with any mental health condition (but not autism), and 932,625 children without any of these diagnoses. We found 29.5% of autistic children and 25.2% of children with mental health conditions had an underlying condition with high risk for severe illness from COVID, compared to 14.1% of children without these diagnoses. Autistic children had over twice the odds of having any underlying conditions, when accounting for age, race, sex, and other characteristics. Children with mental health conditions had 70% higher odds of having these underlying conditions. Mitigation measures in schools and other areas could minimize risk of short- and long-term impacts from COVID for autistic and all children.
Experimental tests of FRP-HSC hybrid beams under four-point bending
Authors: Zhang Pu , Zhang Yadong , Yang Sen , Liu Ye , Sheikh Shamim Ahmed
Published: February 2023

This paper provides an experimental study of a new fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-high strength concrete (HSC) hybrid beam, which consists of a glass FRP (GFRP) I-shaped profile beam strengthened with a layer of HSC on top and carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets on the web. In this study, a total of two GFRP I-shaped profile beams, two GFRP I-shaped profile beams strengthened with CFRP sheets on the web and nine FRP-HSC hybrid beams were tested under four-point bending loading. The test parameters varied for the existence of CFRP sheets, the flange width of the GFRP profile, the width of the HSC slab, the type of shear connectors and the interfacial connection method. The test results indicated that bonding CFRP sheets, increasing the flange width and HSC slab width all showed positive effect on the ultimate bearing capacity and initial rigidity. Compared with U-shaped GFRP shear keys and inverted T-shaped GFRP shear keys, the hybrid beams using steel bolts had the highest ultimate load capacity and initial rigidity. The hybrid beams using the composite-bond interface (CB) performed better than the hybrid beams using wet-bond (WB) and dry-bond (DB) interfaces.
Shaping feminist artificial intelligence
Authors: Toupin Sophie
Published: February 2023

This article examines the historical and contemporary shaping of feminist artificial intelligence (FAI). It begins by looking at the microhistory of FAI through the writings of Alison Adam and her graduate students to enrich the plural histories of AI and to write back feminist history into AI. Then, to explore contemporary examples of how FAI is being shaped today and how it deploys a multiplicity of meanings, I provide the following typology: FAI (1) as model, (2) as design, (3) as policy, (4) as culture, (5) as discourse, and (6) as science. This typology sheds light on the following questions: What does the term FAI mean? How has FAI been shaped over time?
People believe misinformation is a threat because they assume others are gullible
Authors: Altay Sacha , Acerbi Alberto
Published: February 2023

Alarmist narratives about the flow of misinformation and its negative consequences have gained traction in recent years. If these fears are to some extent warranted, the scientific literature suggests that many of them are exaggerated. Why are people so worried about misinformation? In two pre-registered surveys conducted in the United Kingdom ( Nstudy_1 = 300, Nstudy_2 = 300) and replicated in the United States ( Nstudy_1 = 302, Nstudy_2 = 299), we investigated the psychological factors associated with perceived danger of misinformation and how it contributes to the popularity of alarmist narratives on misinformation. We find that the strongest, and most reliable, predictor of perceived danger of misinformation is the third-person effect (i.e. the perception that others are more vulnerable to misinformation than the self) and, in particular, the belief that “distant” others (as opposed to family and friends) are vulnerable to misinformation. The belief that societal problems have simple solutions and clear causes was consistently, but weakly, associated with perceived danger of online misinformation. Other factors, like negative attitudes toward new technologies and higher sensitivity to threats, were inconsistently, and weakly, associated with perceived danger of online misinformation. Finally, we found that participants who report being more worried about misinformation are more willing to like and share alarmist narratives on misinformation. Our findings suggest that fears about misinformation tap into our tendency to view other people as gullible.
Intertextuality and ideology: Social actor’s representation in handling of COVID-19 from China daily
Authors: Gong Jiankun , Firdaus Amira , Aksar Iffat Ali , Alivi Mumtaz Aini , Xu Jinghong
Published: February 2023

As one of the major venues for articulating and disseminating national agendas and opinion discourse, national newspapers play a critical role in promulgating ideology. Underpinned by Intertextuality and Social Actor Theory, this study explores intertextual aspects of China Daily’s reporting of COVID-19 to unearth hidden ideology behind texts. The analysis reveals diversified voices from multiple actors around the globe, with China’s official leaders appearing most frequently. In the portrayal of social actors, some strategies like impersonalisation, and genericisation are utilised to add impersonal authority or power to an actor’s activity, actant’s engagement, and increase the trustworthiness of news. These reprsentational strategies belies a transformation in Chinese media discourse with a softer approach is used in wielding ideological intentions through journalistic practices of intertextuality. Our findings help to unravel how news texts draw on, echo, and bring together multiple intertextual resources realised in the forms of discourses. The circulations, dissemination and incorporation of these intertextual relations and practices construct specific understandings of ideology consolidation and public relations within the context of China and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Association Between Adolescent Self-Reported Physical Activity Behaviors and Feeling Close to People at School During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Michael Shannon L. , Li Jingjing , Sliwa Sarah , Cornett Kelly , Hertz Marci
Published: February 2023

The disruption of school operations and routines caused by the COVID-19 pandemic affected students’ physical and emotional well-being. Providing physical activity opportunities in schools can encourage students to positively engage with each other. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school students from the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (January to June 2021), we examined the association between physical activity behaviors and feeling close to people at school using sex-stratified and race/ethnicity-stratified multiple linear regressions models. Participating in team sports, being more physically active, and attending physical education (PE) during an average week were all associated with higher levels of feeling close to people at school, with variation by sex and race/ethnicity. These associations were also significant when the physical activity behavior variables were categorized to reflect national recommendations. Daily physical activity (i.e., ≥60 minutes all 7 days), daily PE (i.e., attended all 5 days), and the number of Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) components implemented were associated with higher levels of feeling close to people at school. These findings suggest that opportunities for physical activity before, during, and after school are associated with increased levels of feeling close to people at school during crises like COVID-19.
The effect of successful lower extremity revascularization on aortic stiffness in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Toprak Kenan , Balaban İsmail , Pala Selçuk
Published: February 2023

Objective

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a global health problem and associated with poor outcomes. It causes increased arterial stiffness. The association of PAD with aortic arterial stiffness was investigated in previous studies. However, there is limited data regarding the effect of peripheral revascularization on arterial stiffness. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of peripheral revascularization on aortic stiffness parameters in patients with symptomatic PAD.

Methods

A total of 48 patients with PAD who underwent peripheral revascularization were included in the study. Echocardiography was performed before and after the procedure, and aortic stiffness parameters were obtained by using aortic diameters and arterial blood pressure measurements.

Results

Post-procedural aortic strain (5.1 [1.3–14] vs. 6.3 [2.8–6.3], p = 0.009) and aortic distensibility (0.2 [0.0–0.9] vs. 0.3 [0.1–1.1], p = 0.001) measurements were significantly increased compared to pre-procedural values. Patients were also compared according to the lesion laterality, site and treatment methods. It was found that the change in aortic strain ( p = 0.031) and distensibility ( p = 0.043) were significantly higher in unilateral lesion compared to bilateral lesion. Also, the change in aortic strain ( p = 0.042) and distensibility ( p = 0.033) were significantly higher in iliac site lesion compared to superficial femoral artery (SFA) site lesion. Moreover, the change in aortic strain was significantly higher ( p = 0.013) in patients treated with stent compared to only balloon angioplasty.

Conclusion

Our study showed that successful percutaneous revascularization significantly reduced aortic stiffness in PAD. The change in aortic stiffness was significantly higher in unilateral lesions, iliac site lesions and stent-treated lesions.
Accuracy reliability analysis of CNC machine tools considering manufacturing errors degrees
Authors: Li Yangfan , Zhang Yingjie , An Ning
Published: February 2023

To evaluate the accuracy reliability of machine tools, an evaluation method of accuracy reliability considering the machining error out of tolerance is proposed, and an accurate mathematical description is given to realize the quantitative evaluation of machining accuracy under different machining loads. On this basis, the basic connotation and mathematical model of accuracy retention are analyzed, and the influence of different machining loads on the accuracy retention is studied. Finally, experiments are carried out to detect the variations of machining errors of machine tools under different loads and the quantitative evaluations of accuracy reliability and retention of machine tools are completed, which verify the validity of the proposed methods.
Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome Changes in Osteoarthritis: Gene Expression, Pathways and Alternative Splicing
Authors: Li Congming , Wei Pengli , Wang Lei , Wang Qiang , Wang Hong , Zhang Yangjun
Published: February 2023

Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage and the remodeling of its underlying bones, resulting in pain and loss of function in the knees and hips. As far as we know, no curative treatments are available except for the joint replacement. The precise molecular mechanisms which are involved in the degradation of cartilage matrix and development of osteoarthritis are still unclear.

Design

By analyzing RNA-seq data, we found the molecular changes at the transcriptome level such as alternative splicing, gene expression, and molecular pathways in OA knees cartilage.

Results

Expression analysis have identified 457 differential expressed genes including 266 up-regulated genes such as TNFSF15, ST6GALNAC5, TGFBI, ASPM, and TYM, and 191 down-regulated genes such as ADM, JUN, IRE2, PIGA, and MAFF. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis identified down-regulated pathways related to translation, transcription, immunity, PI3K/AKT, and circadian as well as disturbed pathways related to extracellular matrix and collagen. Splicing analysis identified 442 differential alternative splicing events within 284 genes in osteoarthritis, including genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) and alternative splicing, and TIA1 was identified as a key regulator of these splicing events.

Conclusions

These findings provide insights into disease etiology, and offer favorable information to support the development of more effective interventions in response to the global clinical challenge of osteoarthritis.
Is the Synovium the First Responder to Posttraumatic Knee Joint Stress? The Molecular Pathogenesis of Traumatic Cartilage Degeneration
Authors: Kwapisz Adam , Herman Katarzyna , Momaya Amit , Piwnik Marcin , Szemraj Janusz , Elphingstone Joseph , Synder Marek , Grzegorzewski Andrzej
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate if a similar catabolic and inflammatory gene pattern exists between the synovium, hyaline cartilage, and blood of patients with the knee joint tissues and if one precedes the other.

Design

A total of fifty-eight patients (34 females and 24 males) with a mean age of 44.7 years (range, 18-75) underwent elective knee arthroscopy due to previously diagnosed pathology. Full blood samples were collected preoperatively from synovium and cartilage samples intraoperatively. Real time PCR with spectrophotometric analysis was performed. Following genes taking part in ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling were selected for analysis: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14, ADAMTS-4 (Agg1) and ADAMTS-5 (Agg2) proteases, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 – their inhibitors - and IL-1 and TNF-α cytokines.

Results

Analysis revealed a strong and significant correlation between gene expression in synovial and systemic blood cells (p <0.05 for all studied genes) with ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, IL-1, TNF-α and TIMP-2 expression most positively correlated with an R>0.8 for each. An analysis between chondrocytes and systemic blood gene expression shown no significant correlation for all genes. Bivariate correlation of International Cartilage Repair Society grading and genes expression revealed significant associations with synovial MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-1, TNF-α and TIMP-2.

Conclusion

We suggest that the synovial tissue is the first responder for knee joint stress factors in correlation with the response of blood cells. The chondrocyte’s genetic response must be further investigated to elucidate the genetic program of synovial joints, as an organ, during OA development and progression.
Realigning theory with evidence to understand the role of care coordination in mental health services research
Authors: Hynes Denise M , Thomas Kathleen C
Published: February 2023

Current theoretical models intended to guide health services research and evaluation lack care coordination-its features and impacts. These aspects are critical for understanding the role of care coordination in healthcare use, quality, and outcomes. In this Focus article, we briefly review the well-known Andersen individual behavioral model (IBM) of healthcare use and the Donabedian health system and quality model (HSQM) together with recent practice-based evidence. We propose a new integrated theoretical model of healthcare and care coordination. The model can serve as a guide for future research to better understand the variation in care coordination services and delivery and its added value to improving mental health in different real-world settings.
How Does Cross-Sectional Imaging Impact the Management of Patients With Single Ventricle After Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Connection?
Authors: Sagray Ezequiel , Cetta Frank , O’Leary Patrick W. , Qureshi M. Yasir
Published: February 2023

Background

There is currently no consensus regarding the use of surveillance cross-sectional imaging in pediatric patients after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BDCPC). We sought to determine how computed tomography with angiography (CTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging impacted the clinical management of pediatric patients after BDCPC.

Methods

A single-center retrospective study including patients with single ventricle who had BDCPC between 2010 and 2019, and CTA/CMR studies obtained in these patients, at ≤5 years of age, and with Glenn physiology. Repeat studies on the same patient were included if the clinical situation had changed. The impact of CTA/CMR studies was categorized as major, minor, or none.

Results

Twenty-four patients (63% male) and 30 imaging studies (22 CTAs) were included. 60% were obtained in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS); most common indication was Follow-up after an intervention (23%). 6 CMRs were performed on stable HLHS patients as part of a research protocol, with no clinical concerns. The overall impact of CTA/CMR studies was major in 13 cases (43.3%). CTA/CMR studies performed ≥1 year of age (62.5% vs 21.4%, P = .02) and in non-HLHS patients (66.7% vs 27.8%, P = .035) were associated with major impact. Also, 2/6 Research studies were associated with a major impact.

Conclusions

CTA/CMR imaging in pediatric patients with SV after BDCPC was associated with significant clinical impact in over 40% of cases, with a higher impact if obtained in patients ≥1 year of age and in non-HLHS patients. We cannot disregard the possibility of CMR as a surveillance imaging modality in this population.