bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biphenylene Nanotube: A Promising Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Vafaee Mohsen , Moghaddam Maryam Farajikhah , Nasrollahpour Mokhtar
Published: April 2023

The properties of pristine and boron‐doped biphenylene nanotubes (BPNT and BBPNT, respectively) as anode materials for sodium storage are studied using density functional theory (DFT). To this end, the electronic properties, adsorption energy, diffusion energy barrier, open‐circuit voltage (OCV), and theoretical capacity are evaluated. The density of states calculations indicate that BPNT and BBPNT with zero band gap have a metallic character, which is critical for electron transferring in electrode materials. The calculation of adsorption energies suggests that the inside of the tube has better adsorption than the outside. Also, doping with boron improves the adsorption inside and outside the nanotube. Sodium ion sees three ways to penetrate from the outside to the inside of the tube. Calculations illustrate that the bigger ring with eight atoms with a 7.08 eV energy barrier, compared to the other cavities, is more appropriate for diffusion. This energy decreases to 5.84 eV after boron doping. The OCV profile of BBPNT confirms that this structure is in the acceptable voltage range for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Finally, this work obtains a theoretical capacity of 403.82 mAh g−1 (without sodium clustering) for BBPNT, which confirms the potential of this structure for use in SIBs.
Metal‐Organic Framework Based Polymer Fibers: Review on Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Zhou Zhidong , Wang Wei , Shi Haiting , Liu Liangsen , Ma Tianshuai , Li Tianyu , Huang Wensheng , Liu Yujia , Liu Shengkai , Xu Zhiwei
Published: April 2023

A composite material with improved characteristics can be produced by combining metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with polymer fibers. In contrast to commonly used powdered MOFs, polymer fibers can offer flexible support for MOFs, and some of the fibers can even work in concert with MOFs. The molecular transport channels are significantly enlarged when polymer fibers are employed as the base material for composites rather than conventional polymer films and mixed matrix films. This makes it simpler for the molecules to bind to the active site, speeding up the reaction. First, a brief analysis of the binding of MOFs to fibers is provided, followed by a systematic summary of the MOF forming process, including the synthesis and modification of MOFs, which lays the foundation for the subsequent summary of the synthesis methods of MOFs–fiber composites. In this article, three strategies are presented for attaching MOFs to polymer fibers: cospinning MOFs with fibers, depositing MOFs on fiber surfaces, and in situ growing MOFs on fiber surfaces. Different binding techniques make MOFs–fiber composites promising for many applications. Finally, the improvement of MOFs–fiber composites and their possible application scope are discussed.
Folding the Energy Storage: Beyond the Limit of Areal Energy Density of Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Lee Kwon‐Hyung , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kim Minkyung , Ahn David B. , Hong Young‐Kuk , Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Lee Jae Sung , Lee Sang‐Young
Published: April 2023

Despite the ever‐growing interest in micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as a promising power source for microelectronics, their low areal energy density has plagued practical applications. Herein, accordion foldable MSCs (af‐MSCs) are presented as a cell architectural strategy in contrast to traditional material‐driven approaches. The constituent unit cells of an in‐plane MSC array are compactly stacked in a confined device footprint via accordion folding. Decoupling the energy storage (MSC cells) and folding section (electrical interconnection between the cells) in the MSC array, in combination with neutral plane‐controlled flexible hydrophobic cellulose nanofiber (CNF) substrates, enables the realization of the af‐MSCs. The af‐MSCs achieve high areal integration density with a fill factor of 81.1% and on‐demand (in‐series/in‐parallel) cell configurations owing to the microscale direct‐ink–writing of rheology‐tuned MSC cell components on the CNF substrates. The af‐MSC with a miniaturized footprint (22.75 mm2) achieves exceptional areal electrochemical performances (areal energy density of 89.2 µWh cm−2), which exceed those of previously reported in‐plane MSCs.
Die Sonogashira‐Kupplung an Palladium‐Mahlkugeln – ein neuer Reaktionsweg in der Mechanochemie
Authors: Pickhardt Wilm , Siegfried Eleonora , Fabig Sven , Rappen Marisol Fabienne , Etter Martin , Wohlgemuth Maximilian , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: April 2023

Mittels direkter Mechanokatalyse wurde die Sonogashira‐Kupplung unter Verwendung von reinem Pd und Pd‐beschichteter Stahlkugeln erfolgreich auf deren Oberfläche durchgeführt. Die Optimierung der Co‐Katalysator‐bildenden Additive ermöglichte ein Protokoll, das unter aeroben Bedingungen für verschiedene Substrate quantitative Ausbeuten in 90 Minuten liefert. Mittels spektroskopischer, diffraktiver, sowie in situ Methoden wurde ein bisher unbekannter und hochreaktiver Kupfer Cokatalysator‐Komplex identifiziert. Dieser unterscheidet sich von den bekannten Komplexen in Flüssigphasen‐Sonogashira‐Kupplungen, und legt nahe, dass sich mechanochemische Reaktionswege von denen in etablierten Syntheseverfahren unterscheiden können.
Carbene‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of Aldehydes with C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Su Fen , Zou Juan , Lv Xiaokang , Lu Fengfei , Long Yijie , Tang Kun , Li Benpeng , Chai Huifang , Wu Xingxing , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: April 2023

The development of catalyst‐controlled methods for direct functionalization of two distinct C−H bonds represents an appealing approach for C−C formations in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we describe an organocatalytic approach for straightforward acylation of C(sp3)−H bonds employing readily available aldehyde as “acyl source” involving dehydrogenative coupling of aldehydes with ether, amine, or benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds. The developed method affords a broad range of ketones under mild conditions. Mechanistically, simple ortho‐cyanoiodobenzene is essential in the oxidative radical N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis to give a ketyl radical and C(sp3) radical through a rarely explored intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer pathway, rendering the acylative C−C formations in high efficiency under a metal‐ and light‐free catalytic conditions. Moreover, the prepared products show promising anti‐bacterial activities that shall encourage further investigations on novel agrochemical development.
Supramolecular Adhesives with Extended Tolerance to Extreme Conditions via Water‐Modulated Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Guan Wang , Jiang Wenhe , Deng Xinling , Tao Wansheng , Tang Jiaqi , Li Yuangang , Peng Jianhong , Chen Cheng‐Lung , Liu Kaiqiang , Fang Yu
Published: April 2023

Development of supramolecular adhesives with strong tolerance to extreme conditions has emerged as an important research area. In this study, by balancing supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding interactions, electrostatic interactions, π–π stacking interactions, and cation‐π interactions, we designed and prepared a series of two‐component supramolecular adhesives derived from small organic molecules. Highly efficient interfacial adhesion with maximum adhesion strength of ≈10.0 MPa was realized on various surfaces in air, organic solvents, or liquid nitrogen. Owing to balanced supramolecular interactions, water participation prolonged and increased the tolerance of the adhesives in extreme environments. We demonstrate that the combination of imidazole‐based ionic liquids and phenols can be applied for various interfacial adhesions, thereby aiding the development of next‐generation adhesives capable of adapting to various extreme conditions in a controlled manner.
Electrically Conductive π‐Intercalated Graphitic Metal‐Organic Framework Containing Alternate π‐Donor/Acceptor Stacks
Authors: Yadav Ashok , Zhang Shiyu , Benavides Paola A. , Zhou Wei , Saha Sourav
Published: April 2023

Two‐dimensional graphitic metal–organic frameworks (GMOF) often display impressive electrical conductivity chiefly due to efficient through‐bond in‐plane charge transport, however, less efficient out‐of‐plane conduction across the stacked layers creates large disparity between two orthogonal conduction pathways and dampens their bulk conductivity. To address this issue and engineer higher bulk conductivity in 2D GMOFs, we have constructed via an elegant bottom‐up method the first π‐intercalated GMOF (iGMOF1) featuring built‐in alternate π‐donor/acceptor (π‐D/A) stacks of CuII‐coordinated electron‐rich hexaaminotriphenylene (HATP) ligands and non‐coordinatively intercalated π‐acidic hexacyano‐triphenylene (HCTP) molecules, which facilitated out‐of‐plane charge transport while the hexagonal Cu3(HATP)2 scaffold maintained in‐plane conduction. As a result, iGMOF1 attained an order of magnitude higher bulk electrical conductivity and much smaller activation energy than Cu3(HATP)2 (σ=25 vs. 2 S m−1, Ea=36 vs. 65 meV), demostrating that simultaneous in‐plane (through‐bond) and out‐of‐plane (through πD/A stacks) charge transport can generate higher electrical conductivity in novel iGMOFs.
Troubled Utilities: Seeing the Way Forward
Authors: Young John
Published: April 2023

Key Takeaways

A constellation of factors, both environmental and operational, is threatening many water utilities’ ability to succeed.

Improvement can come from multiple channels in terms of sufficient utility planning, guidance from the water industry, and support from stakeholders and regulators.

The Water 2050 initiative takes a long view of ensuring optimal water system operation through the lens of technology, sustainability, economics, governance, and social and demographic issues.
Construction of the prognostic model for small‐cell lung cancer based on inflammatory markers: A real‐world study of 612 cases with eastern cooperative oncology group performance score 0–1
Authors: Liu Chang , Jin Bo , Liu Yunpeng , Juhua Ouyang , Bao Bowen , Yang Bowen , Liu Xiuming , Yu Ping , Luo Ying , Wang Shuo , Teng Zan , Song Na , Qu Jinglei , Zhao Jia , Chen Ying , Qu Xiujuan , Zhang Lingyun
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This research aimed to explore the relationship between pre‐treatment inflammatory markers and other clinical characteristics and the survival of small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who received first‐line platinum‐based treatment and to construct nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).

Methods

A total of 612 patients diagnosed with SCLC between March 2008 and August 2021 were randomly divided into two cohorts: a training cohort (n = 459) and a validation cohort (n = 153). Inflammatory markers, clinicopathological factors, and follow‐up information of patients were collected for each case. Cox regression was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analyses and the independent prognostic factors were adopted to develop the nomograms. Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve were used to verify model differentiation, calibration curve was used to verify consistency, and decision curve analysis was used to verify the clinical application value.

Results

Our results showed that baseline C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, NSE level, hyponatremia, the efficacy of first‐line chemotherapy, and stage were independent prognostic factors for both OS and PFS in SCLC. In the training cohort, the C‐index of PFS and OS was 0.698 and 0.666, respectively. In the validation cohort, the C‐index of PFS and OS was 0.727 and 0.747, respectively. The nomograms showed good predictability and high clinical value. Also, our new clinical models were superior to the US Veterans Administration Lung Study Group (VALG) staging for predicting the prognosis of SCLC.

Conclusions

The two prognostic nomograms of SCLC including inflammatory markers, VALG stage, and other clinicopathological factors had good predictive value and could individually assess the survival of patients.
The Effect of a Nonionic Surfactant/ZnO Hybrid Inhibitor on the Self‐Corrosion of Al Alloy in Alkaline Electrolyte and its Application to Al‐air Batteries
Authors: Wang Xueqin , Liu Weiming , Jin Yanxian , Xie Xian , Yang Zhen
Published: April 2023

Al self‐corrosion in alkaline electrolytes is a critical issue that restricts the practical application of alkaline Al‐air batteries. To inhibit Al self‐corrosion, a hybrid of nonionic surfactant (branched alkyl glycoside, abbreviated as BAG) and ZnO is developed. Hydrogen evolution test, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are performed to investigate the corrosion behavior of the Al electrode in inhibitor‐containing solutions. The findings show that the hybrid inhibitor successfully inhibits Al self‐corrosion, with an inhibition efficiency of 85.7 %. SEM and FTIR are employed to analyze the corrosion surface. It reveals the formation of the glucoside‐Al and glucoside‐Zn bonds on Al surface. As a result, the synergistic effect between BAG and ZnO is presented. The results of galvanostatic discharges demonstrate that the BAG/ZnO hybrid can improve the discharge performances of Al‐air batteries. The specific capacity at 20 mA cm−2 reaches 2396 Ah kg−1, with a high anode utilization efficiency of 80.4 %.
Sidechain‐Backbone Tetrel Bonding Interactions Provide a General Mechanism for trans‐Peptoid Stabilization
Authors: Baruah Kalpita , Kalita Debajit , Sahariah Biswajit , Kishore Rai Deka Jugal , Vishnoi Pratap , Kanta Sarma Bani
Published: April 2023

Cis‐trans isomerization of amide bonds impedes de novo design of folded peptoids (poly‐N‐substituted glycines) with precise secondary structures and affects peptoid‐biomolecule binding affinity. Herein, from X‐ray, NMR and DFT studies of azapeptoids, we have discovered a tetrel bonding interaction that stabilizes trans‐peptoids. We show that peptoids having α‐heteroatoms and N‐aryl groups in the sidechain adopt trans‐amide geometries due to the presence of a nX/πAr→σ*Cα−N tetrel bonding interaction between the sidechain α‐heteroatom lone pair (nX) or π‐electrons (πAr) and the σ* orbital of the backbone Cα−N bond. Further, CD spectroscopic studies of oligo‐proline host–guest model peptides showed that azapeptoid residues stabilize polyproline II helical conformation. These data indicate that the sidechain‐backbone tetrel bonding could be leveraged to design peptoids with precise secondary structures for a wide range of biological and material applications.
Asymmetric Green Bonds‐Energy Efficiency Nexus in European Union Countries: Evidence from Econometric Estimation
Authors: Zhang Dan , Nazar Raima , Guo Man
Published: April 2023

Green financing has a direct or indirect link with energy efficiency and environmental‐based sustainable development goals. The present study explores the nonlinear green bonds‐energy efficiency association in the topmost ten green bonds issuing nations of the European Union (Germany, Italy, France, Sweden, Spain, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Finland). Previous research utilizes panel data econometric techniques, yielding typical results about the linkage among green bonds and energy efficiency, despite the reality that numerous nations do not observe such linkage individually. This research, conversely, adopts an unusual approach known as “quantile‐on‐quantile,” which permits researchers to observe dependence of time‐series in every single nation exclusively to give global yet country‐related expertise regarding the connection among the variables. According to estimations, green‐bond financing enhances energy efficiency in the majority of the chosen countries at many quantiles of the variables. Additionally, the data reveal that the extent of asymmetry among variables differs by nation, underlining the necessity of governments giving keen attention while adopting green financing and energy efficiency programs.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 7‐Substituted‐1,3‐diaminopyrrol[3,2‐f]quinazolines as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Yuan Duo , Liu Shangde , Li Shanshan , Liu Rongrong , Zhu Xiong
Published: April 2023

The evolution of drug‐resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to public health; hence, it is imperative to develop new and efficient antibiotics. Irresistin‐16 (IRS‐16) is a dual‐target antibacterial candidate that affects folate biosynthesis and membrane integrity and exhibits potent lethality against various bacteria. In this study, a series of 1,3‐diamino‐7H‐pyrrol[3,2‐f]quinazoline (DAPQ) derivatives based on IRS‐16 was designed and synthesized to identify outstanding antibacterial candidates. The most promising compound, 7‐(4‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl) benzyl)‐7H‐pyrrol[3,2‐f] quinazoline‐1,3‐diamine (18 e), displayed excellent antibacterial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentrations=1–4 μg/mL), improved water solubility, poor hemolytic activity and low cytotoxicity. Compound 18 e exhibited rapid bactericidal properties and prevented bacterial resistance in laboratory simulations. These results provide a basis for the development of new DAPQ‐based compounds to combat emerging bacterial resistance.
Evaluation of the linear and volumetric measuring changes in different positions in CBCT
Authors: Fani Samira , Moudi Ehsan , Haghanifar Sina , Seyedmajidi Seyedali , Poursattar‐Bejeh Mir Arash
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The effect of head position on reproducibility of volumetric measurements on Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans has not been evaluated before. Thus, this study aimed to assess the changes in linear and volumetric measurements on CBCT scans in different positions of the respective object.

Materials and methods

In this experimental study, 16 balls were placed in containers and underwent CBCT in neutral position and 8 different altered positions. The horizontal and vertical diameters of each ball were measured by OnDemand software while the volume of each ball was quantified by ITK‐Snap software. The reproducibility of linear and volumetric measurements in nine different positions was analyzed by the Cronbach's α. Paired t‐test was applied to analyze the difference in volumetric and linear measurements of the balls in the anterior and posterior halves of the scans in neutral position versus the upward and downward tilts, and right and left halves of the scans in neutral position versus the right and left tilts.

Results

The Cronbach's α was found to be .982 and .933 for volumetric and linear measurements, respectively, indicating high reproducibility of the measurements. No significant difference was noted in the mean linear measurements on CBCT scans at different positions compared with neutral position. In volumetric measurements, maximum difference between neutral and the other positions was less than 1%.

Conclusions

CBCT is a reliable modality for linear and volumetric measurements in different positions.
Wide‐range current‐controlled grounded resistor realization: A new application of the CMOS translinear elements
Authors: Chhabra Aakriti , Senani Raj , Aggarwal Bhawna
Published: April 2023

A novel CMOS technology‐based translinear element (TE) was introduced a few years back by Fernandez and Madrenas, which exhibits wide dynamic range characteristics similar to BJT‐based TE. In this communication, a CMOS linear, wide‐range current‐controlled grounded resistor (WR‐CCGR) implemented using a mixed translinear loop employing the quoted TEs, has been explored. The capabilities of the proposed WR‐CCGR have been validated by simulations performed on Cadence Virtuoso software using 0.18 μm gpdk CMOS technology at a supply voltage of ±0.6 V. For the bias current varying from 10 pA to 1 μA, the presented WR‐CCGR is shown to be able to attain a resistance‐tunability range of five decades (from 13 kΩ to 1.3 GΩ), an operational frequency range of 500 Hz–50 MHz and the power consumption in the range of 1.5 to 16.7 μW. Monte Carlo simulations and corner and temperature analyses have been performed to check the robustness of the proposed circuit. The utility of the presented WR‐CCGR has been illustrated by realizing a band‐pass filter exhibiting electronically‐variable‐center frequency.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory response in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Esser Philipp R. , Huber Michael , Martin Stefan F.
Published: April 2023

Maintaining homeostasis is central to organismal health. Deviation is detected by a variety of sensors that react to alarm signals arising from injury, infection, and other inflammatory triggers. One important element of this alarm system is the innate immune system, which recognizes pathogen‐/microbe‐ or damage‐associated molecular patterns via pattern recognition receptors localized in the cytosol or in membranes of innate immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells but also of T cells, B cells, and epithelial cells. Activation of the innate immune system results in inflammation and is a pre‐requisite for activation of the adaptive immune system. Another important element is represented by the unfolded protein response (UPR), a stress response of the endoplasmic reticulum. The UPR regulates proteostasis and also contributes to the course of inflammatory diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the UPR is instrumental in allergic contact dermatitis. This inflammatory skin disease, affecting 5–10% of the population, is caused by T cells recognizing low‐molecular weight organic chemicals and metal ions.

In this mini‐review, we discuss the orchestration of inflammatory responses by the interplay of the innate immune system with cellular stress responses in allergic contact dermatitis, with a focus on the UPR.
Electrochemistry and Spin‐Crossover Behavior of Fluorinated Terpyridine‐Based Co(II) and Fe(II) Complexes
Authors: Nößler Maite , Jäger René , Hunger David , Reimann Marc , Bens Tobias , Neuman Nicolás I. , Singha Hazari Arijit , Kaupp Martin , van Slageren Joris , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: April 2023

Due to their ability to form stable molecular complexes that have tailor‐made properties, terpyridine ligands are of great interest in chemistry and material science. In this regard, we prepared two terpyridine ligands with two different fluorinated phenyl rings on the backbone. The corresponding CoII and FeII complexes were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis, electrochemistry and temperature‐dependent SQUID magnetometry. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses at 100 K of these complexes revealed Co−N and Fe−N bond lengths that are typical of low spin CoII and FeII centers. The metal centers are coordinated in an octahedral fashion and the fluorinated phenyl rings on the backbone are twisted out of the plane of the terpyridine unit. The complexes were investigated with cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry. All complexes show a reversible oxidation and several reduction processes. Temperature dependent SQUID magnetometry revealed a gradual thermal SCO behavior in two of the complexes, while EPR spectroscopy provided further insights on the electronic structure of the metal complexes, as well as site of reduction.
Evaluating the performance of an inexpensive, commercially available, NFC‐powered and smartphone controlled potentiostat for electrochemical sensing
Authors: Beck Josianne J. , Alenicheva Vera , Rahn Kira L. , Russo Matthew J. , Baldo Thaisa A. , Henry Charles S.
Published: April 2023

To move electrochemical sensing technology from the laboratory into point‐of‐care (POC)‐based settings, electrochemical platforms must be cost‐effective, portable, and user‐friendly. Here, we present the comparison of a near‐field communication (NFC) potentiostat with a traditional potentiostat. The NFC potentiostat is roughly the size of a credit card and is wirelessly powered by a smartphone with a user‐friendly application for electrochemical analysis. The proposed system is portable, affordable, and provides analytical capabilities comparable to traditional benchtop potentiostats. Different redox probes were investigated, including ferricyanide, ruthenium hexamine, and hydroquinone, highlighting the ability of the NFC potentiostat to measure a variety of target analytes. In addition, the NFC potentiostat can perform several electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetry. The combination of affordable screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCE)s with the portable, inexpensive NFC potentiostat highlights this platform‘s promise towards POC electrochemical sensing applications, particularly for medical diagnostics in rural or low‐income areas.
Recent applications of atomic spectroscopy coupled with magnetic solid‐phase extraction techniques for heavy metal determination in environmental samples: A review
Authors: Pasupuleti Raghavendra Rao , Huang Yeou‐Lih
Published: April 2023

Atomic spectroscopy is the most popular approach to determine the presence of heavy metals in the environment. Heavy metals are potentially toxic and have various negative effects on many living organisms, including humans. With the rapid increase in the variety of industries and human activities, large amounts of heavy metals are released into the atmosphere, water, and soil. Heavy metal analysis of environmental samples is very important for determining the exposure limits. Environmental samples are highly complex matrices, and various sample preparation techniques have been developed for the extraction of heavy metals from them, including magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE). The use of MSPE in heavy metal analysis has recently gained significant attention owing to a number of advantages. MSPE technique overcomes main issues such as phase separation, handling, and column packing. The use of magnetic adsorbents in sample preparation has grown over the past few years, making MSPE a promising technique for sample preparation. The objective of this review article is to provide the latest applications of MSPE coupled with atomic spectroscopy for heavy metal determination in environmental samples. In addition, new magnetic adsorbents and their analytical merits are emphasized.
Combination of suitable planting density and nitrogen rate for high yield maize and their source–sink relationship in Northwest China
Authors: Wu Xuanyi , Tong Ling , Kang Shaozhong , Du Taisheng , Ding Risheng , Li Sien , Chen Yang
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Increasing crop yield per unit area by increasing planting density is essential to ensure food security. However, the optimal combination of planting density and nitrogen (N) application for high‐yielding maize and its source–sink characteristics need to be more clearly understood.

RESULTS

A 2‐year field experiment was conducted combining three planting densities (D1: 70 000 plants ha−1; D2: 100 000 plants ha−1; D3: 130 000 plants ha−1) and three nitrogen rates (N1: 150 kg hm−2; N2: 350 kg hm−2; N3: 450 kg hm−2). The results showed that increasing planting density significantly increased leaf area index and grain yield but negatively affected ear traits. The Richards model was used to fit the dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation of maize under different treatments, and the fitting results were good. Increasing planting density increased population yield while limiting the development of individual plants, bringing the period of rapid dry matter accumulation to an early end and accelerating leaf senescence. An appropriate nitrogen rate could prolong the period of rapid accumulation of dry matter in maize, and increase the 100‐kernel weight. Increasing planting density enhanced post‐silking dry matter accumulation to a lesser extent, and the source–sink relationship of the maize population gradually developed from sink limitation to source limitation with increasing planting density.

CONCLUSION

The decrease in yield due to the insufficient source strength to meet the sink demand at too high densities was the reason that limited further improvement of the optimal planting density. An appropriate nitrogen rate facilitated the realization of yield potential at high density. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Highly Thermally Stable, Reversible, and Flexible Main Chain Type Benzoxazine Hybrid Incorporating Both Polydimethylsiloxane and Double‐Decker Shaped Polyhedral Silsesquioxane Units through Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Yu , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Chen Zih‐Yu , Kuo Shiao‐Wei
Published: April 2023

This work synthesizes a new bifunctional furan derivative (PDMS‐FBZ) through a sequence of hydrosilylation of nadic anhydride (ND) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), reaction of the product with p‐aminophenol to form PDMS‐ND‐OH, and its subsequent Mannich reaction with furfurylamine and CH2O. Then, the main chain‐type copolymer PDMS‐DABZ‐DDSQ is prepared through a Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of PDMS‐FBZ with the bismaleimide‐functionalized double‐decker silsesquioxane derivative DDSQ‐BMI. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirm the structure of this PDMS‐DABZ‐DDSQ copolymer; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveal it to have high flexibility and high thermal stability (Tg = 177 °C; Td10 = 441 °C; char yield = 60.1 wt%); contact angle measurements reveal a low surface free energy (18.18 mJ m−2) after thermal ring‐opening polymerization, because the inorganic PDMS and DDSQ units are dispersed well, as revealed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This PDMS‐DABZ‐DDSQ copolymer possesses reversible properties arising from the DA and retro‐DA reactions, suggesting its possible application as a functional high‐performance material.
Darboux and analytic integrability of five‐dimensional semiclassical Jaynes–Cummings system
Authors: Taha Rebaz Yaseen , Amen Azad Ibrahim , Hussein Niazy Hady
Published: April 2023

We study the dynamics of a version of the Jaynes–Cummings system without the rotating wave approximation, which essentially consists of the interaction of two systems,
two‐level atoms and a single system of electromagnetic field. In particular, we investigate some types of first integrals such as Darboux, analytic, and time‐dependent first integrals of this system. We prove that only two Darboux first integrals and two analytic first integrals exist for this system. Moreover, we determine all exponential factors and invariant algebraic hypersurfaces of this system.
Thermodynamics of Charged Black Hole in Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity
Authors: Javed Faisal , Fatima G. , Sadiq Sobia , Mustafa G.
Published: April 2023

In the current study, we examine the thermodynamics of a novel symmetric teleparallel gravity charged black hole solution. Our main focus is on the approximated solution for a nonlinear model like . For this purpose, we calculate the Hawking temperature and discuss the stable configuration of considered black hole using heat capacity. Then, we explore the effects of thermal corrections on thermodynamical quantities as well as energies of the system. We study the phase transitions of the system in the background of thermal fluctuations. It is concluded that the presence of coupling constant enhances the thermodynamical stable configuration of uncharged and charged BH geometries. To complete this study, we also explore the interesting aspects of the emission energy and quantum fluctuations. We highlight that our results are in good agreement with the thermodynamics of the previous black hole solutions and assumptions presented in the literature.
Recent Progress in Metal‐Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into Furan‐Based Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Zhang Song , Chen Zhan , Gu Jun‐Fei , Sang Wei , Jiang Min , Li Shuai , Wang Peng , Kou Zongkui , Chen Cheng
Published: April 2023

5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), one of the most significant biomass‐derived renewable resources, has been widely utilized to create furan‐based value‐added chemicals such as 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF), 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), and 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Indeed, DFF, HMFCA and FFCA are key intermediate products during the oxidation of HMF to FDCA. Herein, this review aims to demonstrate the recent advances in metal‐catalyzed oxidation of HMF into FDCA via two different reaction routes (HMF‐DFF‐FFCA‐FDCA and HMF‐HMFCA‐FFCA‐FDCA). All the four furan‐based compounds are comprehensively discussed by the selective oxidation of HMF. Additionally, various metal catalysts, reaction conditions, and reaction mechanisms used to obtain the four different products are systematically reviewed. It is anticipated that this review will provide related researchers with new perspectives and speed up the development of this field.
Preparation and investigation of properties of deproteinized natural rubber nanocomposites incorporating functionalized nano‐alumina by in situ emulsion polymerization
Authors: Sadeghi Atefeh , Toiserkani Hojjat
Published: April 2023

The present study reports the preparation, characterization, and investigation of properties of DNR/f‐Al2O3 nanocomposites through an in situ emulsion polymerization technique. The method consists of the dispersion of pretreated nano‐alumina (f‐Al2O3 NPs) onto deproteinized natural rubber (DNR) latex, followed by the polymerization reaction with the K2S2O8/K2S2O5 redox initiation system, after deproteinization of natural rubber using urea in the presence of a surfactant. To improve the compatibility and reactivity of the nanofillers with DNR latex, the nano‐alumina surface was treated with 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) to produce f‐Al2O3 NPs. The thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy approved that the MPS was bound onto the surface of Al2O3 NP. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using standard techniques for physical properties and structural morphology, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TGA. The SEM images showed a homogeneous distribution of f‐Al2O3 NPs throughout DNR matrix. Due to such monodisperse particles, the DNR/f‐Al2O3 nanocomposite films revealed significant enhancement in thermal stability with increasing nano‐alumina loading as compared with the neat DNR.
Epilog
Authors: Earnshaw Rae
Published: April 2023

Various aspects of creativity are summarized. Some have known constraints and others have unknown constraints. The ways in which technology have been utilized in the creative process are summarized. Technology that offers the facility of interaction with the user enables iterative production of designs and creative works. The relationship between creativity, art, design, and technology is summarized in a set of propositions.
Creativity and the Arts: Traditional and New Media
Authors: Liggett Susan
Published: April 2023

There are numerous theories of creativity from different academic fields, but an overarching unifying theory is almost impossible. Such theories may be specific to a particular context, or they attempt to generalize, with differences in particular disciplines. For example, in psychology the focus is on a micro level with the study of individuals; whereas in the field of innovation research it is on a macro level and often disregards the individual by focusing more on the context. Creativity on a micro level is examined through revealing the process of an individual artist. It introduces ‘material thinking’; an intellectual pursuit specific to the making process and reflects on what may be learned from the process of making art. Art can create knowledge that constructs environments and changes lives. This personal knowledge and the work of the hand is sometimes at odds with the technological world, but a study of artistic practices enables us to see and think differently. Artworks have impact beyond the esthetic to influence social, political, and economic spheres.
Die Ergebnisse im Kontext der Forschungsfrage
Authors: Bührig-Hollmann Annette
Published: April 2023

Berücksichtigte man, dass die an der UNB Beteiligten unterschiedliche Rahmungen für das besitzen, was sie tun, könnte die Beratung individualisiert gestaltet, nach Freiräumen für die Klärung zur Sache gemeinsam gesucht und insgesamt die prekäre Doppelrolle (von Beratung und Benotung) innerhalb dieser Ausbildungssituation gemeinsam reflektiert und nach möglichen Lösungen gesucht werden.
Video2Flink: real-time video partitioning in Apache Flink and the cloud
Authors: Kastrinakis Dimitrios , Petrakis Euripides G. M.
Published: April 2023

Video2Flink is a distributed highly scalable video processing system for bounded (i.e., stored) or unbounded (i.e., continuous) and real-time video streams with the same efficiency. It shows how complicated video processing tasks can be expressed and executed as pipelined data flows on Apache Flink, an open-source stream processing platform. Video2Flink uses Apache Kafka to facilitate the machine-to-machine (m2m) communication between the video production and the video processing system that runs on Apache Flink. Features that make the combination of Apache Kafka and Apache Flink a desirable solution to the problem of video processing are the ease of customization, portability, scalability, and fault tolerance. The application is deployed on a Flink cluster of worker machines that run on Kubernetes in the Google Cloud Platform. The experimental results support our claims of speed showing excellent speed-up results for all tested video resolutions. The highest (i.e., more than seven times) speed-up was observed with the videos of the highest resolutions and in real time.
Minimal Acceleration for the Multi-dimensional Isentropic Euler Equations
Authors: Westdickenberg Michael
Published: April 2023

On the set of dissipative solutions to the multi-dimensional isentropic Euler equations, we introduce a quasi-order by comparing the acceleration at all time. This quasi-order is continuous with respect to a suitable notion of convergence of dissipative solutions. We establish the existence of minimal elements. Minimizing the acceleration amounts to selecting dissipative solutions that are as close to being a weak solution as possible.
Changes in anthocyanin pigments, trans-resveratrol, and colorimetric characteristics of Fondillón wine and other “Monastrell” wines during the aging period
Authors: Uysal Reyhan Selin , Issa-Issa Hanán , Sendra Esther , Carbonell-Barrachina Ángel A.
Published: April 2023

The studied red wines, which are Fondillón, reserva, crianza, and young, are prepared from exclusive “Monastrell” grapes, and protected under the Alicante Denomination of Origin (Alicante, Spain). The objectives of the present study were (i) to show the effect of aging period on the amount of anthocyanin pigments, trans-resveratrol, and the colorimetric characteristics (color intensity, color density, and tonality) of Fondillón and other Monastrell wines (young, crianza, and reserva) which have different aging periods, and (ii) to propose a new traceability method for the determination of the Fondillón originality. Identification of anthocyanin compounds and determination of trans-resveratrol content were performed using LC–MS/MS. Correlation analysis was performed among anthocyanin compounds and color parameters. A sharp decrease in the anthocyanins content was observed in Fondillón wine. Besides, statistically significant changes were found in all colorimetric parameters between young and Fondillón samples. A significant change from red hue to brick red/yellow hue was observed between the colors of young and Fondillón wines, respectively. A significant decrease in the content of trans-resveratrol was also observed as a result of the aging period of these “Monastrell” wines. In this study, anthocyanin compounds of Fondillón wine were identified for the first time and their effects on the colorimetric parameters of the wine were revealed. Consequently, the authenticity of Fondillón wines can be determined by monitoring of anthocyanin compounds and trans-resveratrol.
Spatial cumulant models enable spatially informed treatment strategies and analysis of local interactions in cancer systems
Authors: Hamis Sara , Somervuo Panu , Ågren J. Arvid , Tadele Dagim Shiferaw , Kesseli Juha , Scott Jacob G. , Nykter Matti , Gerlee Philip , Finkelshtein Dmitri , Ovaskainen Otso
Published: April 2023

Theoretical and applied cancer studies that use individual-based models (IBMs) have been limited by the lack of a mathematical formulation that enables rigorous analysis of these models. However, spatial cumulant models (SCMs), which have arisen from theoretical ecology, describe population dynamics generated by a specific family of IBMs, namely spatio-temporal point processes (STPPs). SCMs are spatially resolved population models formulated by a system of differential equations that approximate the dynamics of two STPP-generated summary statistics: first-order spatial cumulants (densities), and second-order spatial cumulants (spatial covariances). We exemplify how SCMs can be used in mathematical oncology by modelling theoretical cancer cell populations comprising interacting growth factor-producing and non-producing cells. To formulate model equations, we use computational tools that enable the generation of STPPs, SCMs and mean-field population models (MFPMs) from user-defined model descriptions (Cornell et al. Nat Commun 10:4716, 2019). To calculate and compare STPP, SCM and MFPM-generated summary statistics, we develop an application-agnostic computational pipeline. Our results demonstrate that SCMs can capture STPP-generated population density dynamics, even when MFPMs fail to do so. From both MFPM and SCM equations, we derive treatment-induced death rates required to achieve non-growing cell populations. When testing these treatment strategies in STPP-generated cell populations, our results demonstrate that SCM-informed strategies outperform MFPM-informed strategies in terms of inhibiting population growths. We thus demonstrate that SCMs provide a new framework in which to study cell-cell interactions, and can be used to describe and perturb STPP-generated cell population dynamics. We, therefore, argue that SCMs can be used to increase IBMs’ applicability in cancer research.
Positive contribution of hydroxytyrosol-enriched wheat bread to HbA1c levels, lipid profile, markers of inflammation and body weight in subjects with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Binou Panagiota , Stergiou Athena , Kosta Ourania , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Karathanos Vaios T.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the daily consumption of bread enriched with hydroxytyrosol on HbA1c and blood lipid levels, inflammatory markers and weight loss.

Methods

Sixty adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (29 male, 31 female) participated in a 12-week dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean diet and consumed daily 60 g of conventional whole wheat bread (WWB) or whole wheat bread enriched with hydroxytyrosol (HTB). Anthropometric characteristics were measured and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention.

Results

Both groups experienced significant weight loss, body fat and waist circumference decrease (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, a greater body fat mass decrease was observed in the HTB group compared to the WWB group (14.4 ± 1.6 vs 10.2 ± 1.1%, p = 0.038). Significant reductions were also reported in fasting glucose, HbA1c and blood pressure in both groups (p < 0.05). Regarding glucose and HbA1c, greater decreases were observed in the intervention group (101.4 ± 19.9 vs. 123.2 ± 43.4 mg/dL, p = 0.015 and 6.0 ± 0.6 vs. 6.4 ± 0.9%, p = 0.093, respectively). At HTB group, significant reductions in blood lipid, insulin, TNF-αand adiponectin levels (p < 0.05) and a marginally significant reduction in leptin levels (p = 0.081) were also reported.

Conclusion

Enrichment of bread with HT resulted in significant body fat mass reduction and positive effects on fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1c levels. It also contributed to reductions in inflammatory markers and blood lipid levels. Incorporation of HT in staple foods, like bread, may improve their nutritional profile and, in terms of a balanced diet, may contribute to the management of chronic diseases.

Trial registration

The study was prospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (24th May 2021). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04899791.
Impact of template-based synoptic reporting on completeness of surgical pathology reports
Authors: Schaad Nicole , Berezowska Sabina , Perren Aurel , Hewer Ekkehard
Published: April 2023

Synoptic reporting increases completeness and standardization of surgical pathology reports and thereby contributes to an increased quality of clinical cancer care. Nevertheless, its widespread practical implementation remains a challenge, which is in part related to the effort required for setup and maintenance of database structures. This prompted us to assess the effect of a simple template-based, database-free system for synoptic reporting on completeness of surgical pathology reports. For this purpose, we analyzed 200 synoptic reports (100 colon and 100 lung cancer resections each) for completeness as required by the pertinent College of American Pathologists (CAP) protocols and compared these to a control dataset of 200 narrative reports. Introduction of template-based synoptic reporting resulted in improved completeness (98% of mandatory data elements) as compared to narrative reports (77%). Narrative reports showed a high degree of completeness for data elements covered by previously existing dictation templates. In conclusion, template-based synoptic reporting without underlying database structure can be a useful transitory phase in the implementation of synoptic reporting. It can result in a similar degree of completeness as reported in the literature for database solutions and provides other benefits of synoptic reporting while facilitating its implementation.
Creating and validating a scholarly knowledge graph using natural language processing and microtask crowdsourcing
Authors: Oelen Allard , Stocker Markus , Auer Sören
Published: April 2023

Due to the growing number of scholarly publications, finding relevant articles becomes increasingly difficult. Scholarly knowledge graphs can be used to organize the scholarly knowledge presented within those publications and represent them in machine-readable formats. Natural language processing (NLP) provides scalable methods to automatically extract knowledge from articles and populate scholarly knowledge graphs. However, NLP extraction is generally not sufficiently accurate and, thus, fails to generate high granularity quality data. In this work, we present TinyGenius, a methodology to validate NLP-extracted scholarly knowledge statements using microtasks performed with crowdsourcing. TinyGenius is employed to populate a paper-centric knowledge graph, using five distinct NLP methods. We extend our previous work of the TinyGenius methodology in various ways. Specifically, we discuss the NLP tasks in more detail and include an explanation of the data model. Moreover, we present a user evaluation where participants validate the generated NLP statements. The results indicate that employing microtasks for statement validation is a promising approach despite the varying participant agreement for different microtasks.