bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Modul IPA Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Pada Materi Cahaya & Alat Optik Kelas IV SD
Authors: Dewa Made Dwicky Putra Nugraha
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a science e-module based on scientific approach on the topic of the cahaya dan alat optik in a fourth grade of elementary school which is valid, practical, and effective.  This development study used the ADDIE with several steps; analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.  This study was conducted on 4th grade students in SD Dwijendra Denpasar.  The data collection used rating scale, questionnaire, and essay test methods.  The results of the validity test of two material expert lecturers got an average percentage of 92% with very good qualifications.  The results of the validity test of two media expert lecturers got an average percentage of 90% with very good qualifications.  The practicality response of the product from four homeroom teachers for grade IV SD Dwijendra Denpasar, got an average percentage of 90% with very practical qualifications.  The results of the product effectiveness test based on students' understanding of science concepts got a percentage of effectiveness about 86.26% with high effectiveness criteria.  Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the development of a science e-module based on scientific approach on the topic of cahaya dan alat optik conforms to be valid, practical, and effective.  Thus, the scientific approach on science e-module on the topic of the cahaya dan alat optik is appropriate to be applied in fourth grade elementary school learning.
Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Dengan Model Project Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Manu Okta Priantini Dewa Ayu Made
Published: June 2022

Permasalahan yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini adalah motivasi belajar siswa menurun yang disebabkan oleh kurang menariknya kegiatan pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru dan terlalu monoton sehingga siswa cenderung bosan. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengimplementasian kurikulum 2013 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di masa pandemic Covid 19. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengimplementasian kurikulum 2013 dapat berjalan dengan baik dan memberikan dampak positif jika diintegrasikan dengan model pembelajaran inovatif, salah satunya adalah Model Project Based Learning. Peserta didik masih dapat berkreasi secara maksimal walaupun pada masa pembelajaran daring melalui model pembelajaran Project Based Learning ini.
Pengembangan Kartu Kata Berbasis Brain Dance pada Pembelajaran Kosa Kata Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Adelia Sipra Nandja  , Edhy Rustan Mirnawati
Published: June 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kebutuhan media kartu kata Brain Dance pada pembelajaran kosa kata siswa. Rancangan kartu kata Brain Dance pada pembelajaran kosa kata siswa. Validitas ahli kartu kata Brain Dance pada pembelajaran kosa kata. Penggunaan instrument wawancara dan angket kemudian di analisis secara kualitatif. Pengembangan penelitian ini yaitu R&D yang berupa media pembelajaran kartu kata. Pengumpulan data digunakan yaitu wawancara, angket respon siswa dan validasi. Sedangkan analisis data digunakan untuk kevalidan media pembelajaran melaui skala likert 1-4. Hasil validasi yang diperoleh melalui kertas validasi yang sudah dicentang oleh ketiga ahli, kemudian peneliti dmenentukan kevalidannya menggunakan rumus rata-rata. Sedangkan angket respon siswa menggunakan jenis penilitian deskriptif. Analisis kebutuhan diketahui siswa menyukai media yang memiliki warna-warni yang terang. Dan dari hasil angket respon siswa 88% siswa mengatakan bahwa lebih mudah memahai pelajaran jika menggunakan media pembelajaran. Hasil validitas media pembelajaran dinilai oleh validator diantaranya materi, bahasa, desain dan didapatkan nilai 75%-95% dengan kategori valid dan sangat valid.
METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE LOAD OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE GEARBOXES USING THEIR DYNAMIC MODELS
Authors:   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, PODDUBKO Sergey N. , ISHIN Nikolay N. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, GOMAN Arkadiy M. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, SKOROKHODOV Andrey S. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, SHPORTKO Vladimir V. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus
Published: June 2022

A two-mass dynamic model of an electric vehicle is considered to obtain analytical dependences describing the gearshift process in a shaft-planetary gearbox. The calculations are based on the optimal diagram of shifting gears from low to high without interruption of the power flow from the electric motor. At the stage of gear shifting, at which the kinematic gear ratio of the gearbox changes from u1 to u2, Lagrange equations of the second kind are used to determine the time dependences of angular velocities of the input and output shafts of gearbox. An example is given for calculating the gearshift time from low gear to high one for the MAZ-4381EE delivery electric truck, as well as a refined calculation for a multi-mass dynamic scheme is carried out.
Conocimiento sobre el cáncer de mama, el autoexamen mamario y la práctica, en mujeres de 25 a 50 años de edad, de una Jurisdicción Sanitaria de Tabasco, México
Authors: Lara Celia Concepción Córdova , Almeida Anita Madrigal , Sánchez Juan Mario Naranjo , Vázquez Genaro Torres , Hernández Janett Marina García , Madrigal Jairo David Contrera , Juárez Yadira Candelero
Published: June 2022

El cáncer mamario, es muy frecuente en mujeres del mundo. Las estadísticas de mortalidad (INEGI) indican que en el 2015 se registraron 6,252 defunciones en mujeres, considerando 18 defunciones por cada 100,000 mujeres. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre el cáncer de mama, el autoexamen mamario y la práctica en mujeres de 25 a 50 años de edad, de una jurisdicción sanitaria de Tabasco, México. Metodología: Investigación cuali-cuantitativa, descriptiva, observacional, analítica de corte transversal, aplicada en el cuatrimestre abril-julio 2020. Resultados: Esta investigación demostró que 93.3% de la población estudiada tienen conocimiento medio, el 6.6% cuentan con conocimiento bajo, referente al cáncer de mama, autoexamen mamario, y su práctica. Conclusión: Las intervenciones educativas dirigidas a fomentar hábitos de vida saludables, prevenir las enfermedades y mejorar la calidad de vida, se consideran un pilar fundamental para la atención de la salud, cabe mencionar que la intervención educativa aplicada sobre la prevención del cáncer mamario, resulta muy efectiva para desarrollar una cultura de detección temprana mediante la práctica de la autoexploración. Propuesta: Elevar el nivel de conocimiento de la autoexploración mamaria y su práctica, acciones que impactan en la promoción de la salud y que permitan disminuir los riesgos.
Natural History and Comorbidities of Subjects with Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: Analysis at a Tertiary Hospital Setting
Authors: Abdul Shakoor Shaikh Abdul Kader Kamaldeen , Hawkins Robert , Kua Shin Yii , Ching Min Er , Dalan Rinkoo
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH, grade 1, thyrotropin (TSH) ≥0.1 mU/L and grade 2, TSH <0.1 mU/L) is a common disorder with increased prevalence in older subjects. There is evidence for increased morbidities in SH, such as atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis. We aim to study the natural history and comorbidities of SH from patients referred to a tertiary endocrine clinic in Singapore as they are currently unknown. Materials and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of SH subjects for natural progression and comorbidities. Results: One hundred and thirteen SH subjects (male/female: 24/89, mean age: 67.2 years, grade 1/grade 2: 60/53) were identified from the endocrine clinic. The aetiology of SH include 52 multinodular goitre, 15 Graves’ disease, 7 toxic adenoma and 39 unclassified. A minority of SH patients (5.3 %) progressed to overt hyperthyroidism while 13% remitted to euthyroid state (1 to 3 years with a mean follow-up of 18 months) in the total cohort. Most of the patients remained in SH state during follow-up (50/60 in grade 1 SH and 42/53 in grade SH). However, no single predictive factor could be identified for progression or remission of SH. The prevalence of morbidities in SH subjects include ischaemic heart disease (16.8%), heart failure (8.9%), tachyarrhythmias (13.3%), any cardiovascular disease (28%), cerebrovascular disease (28%), osteoporosis (28%), and any fracture (15.9%). Conclusion: Most of SH cases in our cohort remain in subclinical state with very few progressing to overt hyperthyroidism. Significant proportion of SH subjects have vascular disease, but this association needs to be confirmed in prospective controlled studies.

Key words: Cardiovascular risk, Progression, Remission
When Traditional Model Meets Competencies in Singapore: Beyond Conflict Resolution
Authors: Khoo See Meng , Lahiri Manjari , Huggan Paul J , Archuleta Sophia , Olszyna Dariusz P , Goh Wei Ping , Chua Gerald SW , Ho Khek Yu
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The implementation of competency-based internal medicine (IM) residency programme that focused on the assurance of a set of 6 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies in Singapore marked a dramatic departure from the traditional process-based curriculum. The transition ignited debates within the local IM community about the relative merits of the traditional versus competency-based models of medical education, as well as the feasibility of locally implementing a training structure that originated from a very different healthcare landscape. At the same time, it provided a setting for a natural experiment on how a rapid integration of 2 different training models could be achieved. Materials and Methods: Our department reconciled the conflicts by systematically examining the existing training structure and critically evaluating the 2 educational models to develop a new training curriculum aligned with institutional mission values, national healthcare priorities and ACGME-International (ACGME-I) requirements. Results: Graduate outcomes were conceptualised as competencies that were grouped into 3 broad areas: personal attributes, interaction with practice environment, and integration. These became the blueprint to guide curricular design and achieve alignment between outcomes, learning activities and assessments. The result was a novel competency-based IM residency programme that retained the strengths of the traditional training model and integrated the competencies with institutional values and the unique local practice environment. Conclusion: We had learned from this unique experience that when 2 very different models of medical education clashed, the outcome may not be mere conflict resolution but also effective consolidation and transformation.

Key words: ACGME-I, Graduate medical education, Internal medicine residency programme
Association of Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Social Support with Depressive Symptoms among the Elderly in Singapore
Authors: Ng Charis WL , Tan Woan Shin , Gunapal Pradeep PG , Wong Lai Yin , Heng Bee Hoon
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Depression in the elderly is a major public health issue. Socioeconomic status (SES) and social support are strong risk factors for depression. This study aimed to investigate the influence of SES and social support in elderly depression, and the modifying effect of social support on the relationship between SES and depression. Materials and Methods: A community-based survey was conducted on residents ≥60 years old. Depressive symptoms were determined with scores ≥5 using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) of depressive symptoms with respect to SES and social support, and interaction terms between the two variables. Results: Of 2447 responses analysed, 188 (7.8%) respondents had depressive symptoms. Living in 2-room housing, living alone/with a domestic helper, infrequent leisure time with children/grandchildren or being childless, and feeling socially isolated were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Relative to residents living with spouse and children in 4-/5-room housing, the highest ORs for depressive symptoms were those living with spouse and children in 2-room (OR: 3.06, P <0.05), followed by living with children only in 3-room (OR: 2.98, P <0.05), and living alone/ with a domestic helper in 4-/5-room (OR: 2.73, P <0.05). Living with spouse only appears to buffer against depressive symptoms across socioeconomic classes, although the effect was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Low social support and low SES significantly increased the odds of depressive symptoms. The moderating effect of social support on depression was however not consistent across SES groups. Specific interventions need to target different SES groups to better help older adults at risk of developing depression.

Key words: Asia, Depression, Older adults, Social factors
Postoperated Hip Fracture Rehabilitation Effectiveness and Efficiency in a Community Hospital
Authors: Tan Adrian KH , Taiju Rangpa , Menon Edward B , Koh Gerald CH
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aims to determine the inpatient rehabilitation effectiveness (REs) and rehabilitation efficiency (REy) of hip fracture in a Singapore community hospital (CH), its association with socio-demographic variables, medical comorbidities and admission Shah-modified Barthel Index (BI) score as well as change in independent ambulation from discharge to 4 months later. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study using data manually extracted from medical records of all patients who had hip fracture within 90 days and admitted to a CH after the operation for rehabilitation. Multiple linear regressions are used to identify independent predictors of REs and REy. Results: The mean REs was 40.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 36.7 to 44.0). The independent predictors of poorer REs on multivariate analysis were older age, Malay (vs non-Malay) patients, fewer numbers of rehabilitative therapy sessions and dementia. The mean REy was 0.41 units per day [CI, 0.36 to 0.46]. The independent predictors of poorer REy on multivariate analysis were higher admission BI and being non-hypertensive patient. The prevalence of independent ambulation improved from 78.9% at the discharge to 88.3% 4 months later. Conclusion: CH inpatient rehabilitative therapy showed REs 40.4% and REy of 0.41 units per day and the optimum number of rehabilitative therapy session was from 28 to 41 in terms of rehabilitation effectiveness and the maximum rehabilitation efficiency was seen in those doing 14 to 27 sessions of rehabilitative therapy. The study also showed improvement in BI at discharge and improvement in the independent ambulation 4 months after discharge from the CH.

Key words: Modified Barthel Index, Length of stay, Length of weight bearing
Mid-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Choledochal Cyst Excision in a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital
Authors: Ng Jia Lin , Salim Md Tareq , Low Yee
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Paediatric laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision has increasingly gained acceptance as an alternative to open excision. Laparoscopic excision is feasible and safe in the short term, but long-term outcomes are not as well established. KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital started performing laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision in children since 2007. In this paper, we report our experience with the laparoscopic approach, and the early and mid-term outcomes in comparison with the conventional open approach. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five consecutive cases by a single surgeon between May 2006 and April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were analysed. Results: There were 13 laparoscopic and 22 open cases. Baseline patient characteristics were similar. Operative time was longer in the laparoscopic group. Three cases in the laparoscopic group were converted to open in our early experience. There were no differences in time to feeds or length of hospitalisation. One laparoscopic case developed minor bile leak that resolved on conservative management. There were no complications in the laparoscopic group on median follow-up of 35 months. In the open group, there was 1 case of pancreatitis, cholangitis, and hypertrophic scarring respectively. There were 3 cases of suspected adhesive colic that resolved without surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision enjoys excellent early and mid-term outcomes compared to open excision, even in centres with smaller patient volume. It should be the approach of choice where technical expertise is available.

Key words: Hepaticojejunostomy, Minimally invasive, Postoperative outcomes
Hydrosurgery is Effective for Debridement of Diabetic Foot Wounds
Authors: Hong Choon Chiet , Nather Aziz , Lee Jamie KX , Mao Hai Tong
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Diabetic foot wounds are serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Surgical debridement is a very important part of the management of diabetic wounds. Sharp debridement using the scalpel is normally performed. Versajet II hydrosurgery system is an alternative technique for debridement. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to evaluate the use of hydrosurgery debridement for diabetic foot wounds. Materials and Methods: This pilot study included 15 consecutive patients with diabetic foot wounds who were admitted to the National University Hospital (NUH) and were managed by the Diabetic Foot Team from June 2012 to December 2012. All wounds underwent hydrosurgery debridement. Patients' demographic details, clinical details on wound assessments, and outcome were recorded and analysed. Results: The Versajet II hydrosurgery system was found to show some advantages over standard surgical scalpel debridement. It allowed adequate debridement whilst preserving more viable tissue to promote rapid healing. It could be manoeuvred over complex wound terrain. The time required for debridement was short — an average of 9.5 minutes. Good wound healing was achieved in all 15 cases. Only 1 Versajet debridement was required in 13 cases and 2 required an extra debridement. Twelve wounds were healed by split thickness skin grafting (STSG) and 3 wounds by secondary healing. Two of the STSG were infected but they were subsequently healed by dressings via secondary healing. Conclusion: Although good wound healing was achieved in all 15 cases, further study that uses a larger cohort and a randomised controlled trial is required to fully evaluate the effectiveness, or otherwise, of the Versajet II hydrosurgery system for the debridement of diabetic foot wounds. Key words: Infective wounds, Versajet, Wound healing
Identification and Measurement of Frailty: A Scoping Review of Published Research from Singapore
Authors: Bautista Mary Ann C , Malhotra Rahul
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The Asia-Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Frailty recommended the use of validated measurement tools for identifying frailty. In an effort to contribute to the development of best practice guidelines in frailty identification and measurement, our scoping review aimed to present a summary of published research on this topic among older adults in Singapore. Our findings are important given the need to consider the context of use and the goals of measurement in using validated tools. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed and CINAHL® for articles describing the identification and measurement of frailty among older adults (≥60 years) in Singapore and mined the bibliographies of eligible articles. An article was eligible if it involved empirical research on frailty using a structured frailty definition. We described such articles and the conceptual definitions they used, and summarised their operationalisation of frailty. Results: Our search yielded 165 records. After 2-stage screening of titles/abstracts and full-text articles, we retained 32 eligible articles for data extraction and thematic analysis. The extant literature in Singapore includes observational cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and intervention studies across community and tertiary care settings. Eligible articles commonly used the frailty phenotype and the deficit accumulation models in defining frailty, and reported measuring components of physical, cognitive, and/or social frailty. Conclusion: Our scoping review provided a broad evidence synthesis of the underpinnings of research on frailty identification and measurement in Singapore. Consistently applying standard methods and approaches in frailty identification and measurement can support evidence-based practice and policies in Singapore. Key words: Conceptual definitions, Evidence synthesis, Frailty research, Older adults
Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Premature Infants in Singapore
Authors: Teo Charmaine M , Poon Woei Bing , Ho Selina KY
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Neonatal care advances have resulted in improved survival but have raised concerns of increase in neurodevelopmental impairment. This study looked at long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes at ages 5 and 8 years of very low birthweight infants born in the 2000s as compared to the 1990s. Neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years old was compared to that at 5 and 8 years to determine if assessment at 2 years was predictive of later outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of consecutive infants with birthweight less than 1250 grams admitted to a tertiary centre in Singapore between January 1994 to December 1995 (Epoch I) and January 2004 to December 2005 (Epoch II) were included. Neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as having an intelligence quotient (IQ) of less than 70, cerebral palsy, legal blindness, or hearing impairment requiring hearing aids. Results: Mean gestational age was lower for Epoch II compared to Epoch I (28.1 ± 2.5 vs 29.4 ± 2.7 weeks, P = 0.004). Death or neurodevelopmental impairment rates did not differ (24.3% and 17.1% at 5 years old, P = 0.398; 29.1% and 25.0% at 8 years old, P = 0.709). There was improvement in visual impairment rate at 8 years in Epoch II (10.7% vs 34.0%, P = 0.024). Mean IQ was better in Epoch II (109 and 107 vs 97 and 99 at 5 [P = 0.001] and 8 years [P = 0.047], respectively). All infants with no neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years remained without impairment later on. Conclusion: Over a decade, neurodevelopmental outcomes did not worsen despite lower mean gestational age. Long-term improvement in IQ scores and a reduction in visual impairment rates were seen. Our data suggests that children without neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years are without impairment later on; therefore, they may need only developmental monitoring with targeted assessments instead of routine formal IQ assessments. Key words: Development, Very low birthweight infants
Optical and Tectonic Corneal Transplant Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Singapore within the Singapore Corneal Transplant Registry
Authors: Ho Dawn , Chai Charmaine , Lin Hazel , Htoon Hla Myint , Tan Anna Marie , Manotosh Ray , Tan Donald
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to describe and compare corneal graft survival and optical outcomes following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) with penetrating keratoplasty (PK), and to document tectonic success of patch grafts. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, non-randomised, comparative and descriptive cohort study. A total of 139 eyes that underwent primary keratoplasty between 2000 and 2016 were included, and the following data was extracted: demographics, clinical diagnosis and primary indication, pre- and intraoperative risk factors, postkeratoplasty outcomes, and complications. Optical success was defined as good graft clarity and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/12 or better. Graft failure was defined as irreversible corneal oedema and loss of clarity. Tectonic success in patch grafts was defined as tectonic integrity with no repeat tectonic surgical procedure required in the postoperative period. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 3.24 ± 3.47 years in the PK group (n = 16), 1.89 ± 0.86 years in the DALK group (n = 37), 2.36 ± 1.24 years in the DSAEK group (n = 53), and 2.17 ± 1.09 years in the patch graft group (n = 33). The 3-year probabilities of survival for PK, DALK, DSAEK and patch graft were 60.9%, 94.1%, 89.9%, and 67.1%, respectively. The overall percentage of complications was significantly higher for PK (81.3%), compared to DALK (48.6%), DSAEK (49.1%), and patch graft (21.2%). In the PK and DALK groups, 100% achieved BCVA of 6/12 or better, while in the DSAEK group, 96.43% achieved BCVA of 6/12 or better. Conclusion: From a similar study cohort of Asian eyes, graft survival was superior and complications were reduced for DALK and DSAEK compared to PK, but optical outcomes were comparable. Graft survival for patch graft was expectedly lower, but the incidence of complications was low.

Key words: Cornea, Keratoplasty, Survival
The Status of Changing Education Program and Innovating Teaching Methods for Elementary Teachers in Viet Nam
Authors:   The University of Da Nang – University of Science and Education, Van Bui Van
Published: June 2022

The Ministry of Education and Training has issued Circular No. 32/2018/TTBTC dated December 26, 2018 on the general education program, which has been implemented from the school year 2020-2021 starting from grade 1 and moving on to the next grade. The Ministry of Education and Training, as well as educational management organizations, have undertaken numerous actions in order to prepare for the General Education Program's promulgation and implementation in 2018. There are numerous challenges for teachers, students, parents, and administrators at this period of change in the educational program, particularly in terms of employing new teaching methods for kids. Collaboration between families, schools, and students is essential. In this article, we examine studies on the changing situation of educational programs in Vietnam, as well as the challenges of innovating teaching techniques and providing creative teaching methods for primary school instructors during this time.
Analysis of Burnok's Financial Statements
Authors: Muhajirin Anang
Published: June 2022

Over time, the city of Tasikmalaya became one of the cities with a high level of trade competition. Most of the economic actors in the city of Tasikmalaya are Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). To increase sales results and manage sales assets, a record is needed to regulate the company's financial condition. The purpose of this financial report is to regulate the financial condition of an MSME in order to maintain and increase sales assets. The steps that can be taken are by making an income statement by recording the expenses and income of each tool and material used. This income statement can help ease users in managing company finances by comparing profit or loss income at certain times with other times. From this comparison, a percentage is obtained that shows the company's profit or loss at the time of comparison. The benefit of the financial statements made is that the user can know the financial flow and maintain financial stability that will be used as long as the company operates.
Benefícios da dieta com baixo índice glicêmico no controle da glicemia e perda ponderal de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados
Authors: Elias Natália Victor , Barbosa Larissa Silva
Published: June 2022

Objetivos: Analisar os benefícios das dietas de baixo índice glicêmico no controle da glicemia e perda ponderal de diabéticos do tipo 2. Métodos: Realizou-se levantamento da literatura científica relacionada ao tema nos últimos 10 anos nas bases de dados Scielo, Bireme, Cochraine Library e Pubmed, obtendo um total de 13 ensaios clínicos randomizados. Resultados: Houve relação entre dieta de baixo índice glicêmico e controle da glicemia, representado pela HbA1C e perda ponderal em indivíduos com DM2. Os estudos analisados obtiveram resultados com grandes diferenças devido às várias dietas utilizadas como comparação, além de serem estudos no limiar de qualidade metodológica relevante. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário estudos melhores delineados para identificar o real efeito da dieta de baixo índice glicêmico no controle da glicemia e perda de peso de indivíduos com DM2.
Ações de educação alimentar e nutricional na prevenção ao excesso de peso em escolares: Experiência do Programa Saúde na Escola em um município do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-RS
Authors: Pinheiro Andressa , D’Azevedo Sica Caroline
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: descrever o perfil antropométrico, a experiência no desenvolvimento de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) na prevenção do excesso de peso em escolares em um município do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-RS. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, com delineamento transversal. Foi realizado a avaliação antropométrica e ações de prevenção ao excesso de peso de escolares de ensino fundamental I, de escolas pactuadas ao PSE em um município do Vale do Rio dos Sinos-RS no ano de 2019. Resultados: a amostra da avaliação nutricional, foi integrada por 1.652 escolares sendo 841 do sexo feminino (50,9%) e 811 do sexo masculino (49,1%). Quanto à classificação, 2,5% apresentou magreza, 1,5% risco para sobrepeso, 19,1% sobrepeso e 16,8% algum grau de obesidade e 60,1% são eutróficos. A realização das ações foi satisfatória, já que os escolares se mostraram pró-ativos, participando das atividades, interagindo e esclarecendo dúvidas. Conclusão: a realização das ações de educação alimentar e nutricional nas escolas pactuadas ao PSE foi considerada produtiva, pois houve boa aceitação por parte dos alunos nas atividades propostas, ratificando a necessidade da exposição das crianças e adolescentes ao tema da alimentação e nutrição. Conclui que as ações de EAN no ambiente escolar, não devam ser apenas pontuais, mas façam parte das atividades curriculares, para que essa temática seja fomentada e incorporada como parte rotina de vida dos escolares.
Avaliação do controle de temperatura na produção e distribuição de preparações em uma Unidade Produtora de Refeições (UPR) hoteleira
Authors: Testoni Chaves Pereira Nadia Cristina , De Paula Lemos Marla
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa avaliou o método de controle do binômio Tempo x Temperatura aplicado aos processos de produção e distribuição de refeições de uma Unidade Produtora de Refeições (UPR) hoteleira. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de caráter observacional descritivo realizado na UPR de um Hotel Resort na Bahia – Brasil. Foram analisadas as planilhas de controle de temperatura aplicadas na UPR do Hotel nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2020. Utilizou-se como referencial de temperaturas o Manual de Práticas de Elaboração e Serviços de Refeições para Coletividades elaborado pela Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Refeições Coletivas (ABERC). Resultados: As temperaturas de cocção e distribuição dos alimentos quentes apresentaram-se regulares em 100% das aferições. No entanto, a temperatura das preparações frias produzidas pela Confeitaria e Padaria apresentaram um percentual de adequação de apenas 72%. Além disso, quando conferidas as temperaturas dos equipamentos, das áreas de produção e de armazenamento, contatou-se que ao total apenas 42% das aferições apresentaram temperaturas adequadas conforme o preconizado pela literatura. Conclusão: Destaca-se que alimentos sob temperaturas irregulares, elevam o risco de multiplicação microbiológica, possibilitando surtos de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos prejudicando a saúde dos consumidores.
The psychology of Suicide: From research understanding to intervention and treatment
Authors: Ali Huma , Tasnim Rehna
Published: June 2022

Suicide is considered one of the major causes of death across the globe. The rate of suicide has increased in the recent past and has become a serious problem globally, with nearly one million people committing suicide every year which represents a global standardised rate of 11.4 per 100,000 population i.e., 15 for males and 8 for females.1 From 2000 to 2016, the age-adjusted suicide rate has grown by 30%. Individuals generally have history of mental trauma and distress before attempting suicide. Rate of suicidal ideation is more than that of committing suicide. It is evident that the topic of suicide needs to have a global priority. As clinicians and researchers, it is pivotal responsibility of mental health professionals to establish prevention and intervention programmes to reduce the risk of suicides.
Key Words: Suicide, Suicidal risk, Psychology, Intervention, Treatment.
Pornography, A Neglected Prevailing Addiction
Authors: Rabeea Mushtaq  , Saba Samad  , Syed Muhammad Ashraf Jahangeer  , Admin
Published: June 2022

By this letter we aim to highlight the neglected issue of excessive viewing of pornography and its impact on the person and the society as a whole. An authority on this topic devised a “triple-A engine” effect criteria: accessibility, affordability and anonymity, to explain the pervasiveness of Internet addiction including Pornography(1). Pornography is a Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder which has been classified under impulse control disorder in ICD-11 (2). Whereas, here, in Pakistan the prevailing erotica has not yet been perceived as a problematic condition even though several disturbing incidents have been reported. In 2015, the largest ever child abuse scandal in Hussain Khanwala Village of Pakistan was brought to light. Over 280 children were compelled to have sex while being videotaped and more than a thousand copies were trafficked (3). This case of child pornography alerted the victims’ families but the root cause was not determined nor were strict laws against the persecutors enforced. Hence, to form counter strategies for such incidences in future, this issue and its ramifications should be highlighted through researches. Gathering statistical evidences can help in making laws and deriving measures as to when and how they should be implemented.
Many surveys and researches have concluded that excessive pornography usage has led to negative impacts on relationships as sexual desires in the participants were found to be significantly diminished and the porn addicts showed heightened expectations from their partners. Poor performance at work and negligence was also observed in some users due to being preoccupied in their obscene thoughts and repetitive viewing. (4) Research has shown pornography can provoke men to seek pleasure by unlawful means like rape considering the fact that it displays aggressive sex. It can incorporate violence in men and inability to distinguish between agony and love. This leads to men thinking that violent sex or sex without the consent of women is allowed and enjoyed by the women (5) which is a misperception that leads to crime.
Last year a rising trend was demonstrated amongst the viewers which has been attributed to the enforcement of lockdown due to COVID-19. Lack of work and outgoing activities caused people to spend more time on the screen which also increased porn viewing. (6)
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Challenges of online medical education in Pakistan during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Manan Sadia , Daterdiwala Nida Fatima
Published: June 2022

Dear Madam/Sir,
The COVID-19 outbreak has swiftly changed into a worldwide pandemic. This transition has had adverse consequences for public institutions raising questions particularly for medical schools. (1) Following the pandemic, nationwide lockdown has impacted 89% of the world’s student population. (2) In this Letter, our focus is to highlight the challenges faced by medical students during this prolonged period of online education concluded by some suggestions to overcome them.
A number of changes were done to address the imminent challenge of closure and improve the durability of educational systems in Pakistan. The primary shift was to plan and deliver learning sessions where students and teachers are geographically remote from each other. Online synchronous instruction sessions were quickly introduced using platforms like Zoom and Microsoft Team. (3) Although these efforts contributed to the efficient delivery of content, they also caused instructors, and learners to struggle with the process. (4)
In an underdeveloped country like Pakistan, online learning is ineffective as majority of the students lack internet facilities due to technical and financial issues. Some of the other difficulties faced by students include absence of in person interaction with the tutor, lack of immediate tutor response and absence of on campus social interaction. (5) This effect of COVID-19 became an immediate concern among medical students. They were suspended from attending their clinical training which led to reduced exposure causing a pernicious effect on exam performance.  A vast number of students missed the opportunity of doing electives abroad as most of them were cancelled due to the increasing number of cases. (6)
To conclude, e-learning did influence the quality of medical education and therefore requires a collaborative approach to address the situation. There are some points we would like to suggest. Firstly, the teaching faculty should be given proper virtual training by allotting an IT professional to each one of them. Secondly, the lectures conducted should be interactive rather than being recorded in order to increase student engagement. This should be followed by routine assessments to evaluate their knowledge retention. Lastly, online problem-based learning techniques should be implemented so that the deficit of clinical exposure can be fulfilled. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, we must take this as an opportunity to develop e-learning programs which can open new horizons in distant-learning medical education.
Özel Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Sosyal Bilgiler Derslerinde Güncel Olay Kullanımına İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: YILDIRIM Elif , ÖZMEN Kübra
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin sosyal bilgiler derslerinde güncel olayların kullanımına dair farkındalık düzeylerinin tespit ve analiz edilmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden durum analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Antalya ilinin Muratpaşa İlçesinde resmi okullarda özel eğitim branşında görev alan gönüllü 15 özel eğitim öğretmeni ile görüşülmüştür. Öğretmenlere, uzman görüşleri alınarak hazırlanmış yarı yapılandırılmış şekilde oluşturulan görüşme soruları sunulmuştur. Görüşme formu açık uçlu sorulardan oluşmaktadır ve alt problemlere uygun hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin sosyal bilgiler dersinde güncel olayı kullandıkları konuların en çok belirli gün ve haftalar, küresel konular, doğal afetler şeklinde olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak özel eğitim öğretmenleri arasında görüş bildiren 4 öğretmenin sosyal bilgiler dersinde güncel olayları kullanmadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bunun yanında 2 öğretmen insanlar, yerler ve çevreler yanıtını vererek sosyal bilgiler dersi içindeki bir ünite isminden bahsetmiştir. Onlara yöneltilen soru ise sosyal bilgiler dersinde güncel olayları hangi konularda kullandıkları yönündedir. Verdikleri bu cevap konu ve ünite arasında ayrımı bilmediklerini ve karıştırdıklarını göstermektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları genel olarak incelendiğinde özel eğitim alanında güncel olaylar kullanımına yönelik eksiklikler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu eksikliklerin giderilebilmesi için özel eğitim programlarında güncel olay konusunda bir yapılanmaya giderek özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin bu konu özelinde daha fazla bilgilendirilmesi önerilebilir.
Career Guidance Application using Web Scraping
Authors: Ranjani. R  , Akshaya. K  , Ms. M. Sirija  , Mrs. Reena. R
Published: June 2022

In today's society, finding the ideal career is critical. For the pupils, it is a highly confusing and demanding work. When deciding on a career, one should consider their talents, areas of interest, abilities, and capacities. This is not as easy as it seems, because most students struggle with settling on a job. We now have online advisers to help us navigate websites thanks to technological advancements. The proposed application students to the appropriate route by utilising collected data from many career counselling websites via Web Scraping. We use the data acquired to conduct data mining algorithms to estimate the scope of all professions, which serves as the database for the app, which is created entirely in Android studio. Thus, Our application forecasts the future scope of all courses and recommends the best way to further their career.
Smart Shoes: Wearable Navigation Assistant for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Nasim R  , Hemanth Kumar
Published: June 2022

Vision is one of the powerful sense in all of the senses. Visually challenged people face many problems in terms of obstacles in their mobility in the case of outdoor as well as indoor. For their daily activities, they are always reliant on others. Visually impaired people meet many accidents, they often fall off and they may get lost in some unknown areas due to failure in adapting and identifying the surrounding environment. “Smart Shoes” are designed to provide a better solution for the visually impaired to move safely and independently. It is built using “Internet of Things” technology and the shoes are embedded with various sensors, microcontrollers, buzzer, speaker and vibration motor. The shoe alerts the wearer whenever he or she walks in front of an obstacle. Also, it detects the wet floor and water bodies and gives alert about it. To increase the security and safety of the visually impaired, whenever the person falls down an alert message is sent to the parent’s or caretaker’s telegram bot. Smart shoes are designed to provide a safe and comfortable companion in their daily life activities. As a result, a complete adaptive equipment is being advanced to improve the standard and comfort of life of the visually impaired.
Effect of Participatory Care Model on Postpartum Quality of Life and Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sakineh Nazari , Sepideh Hajian , Zohreh Abbasi , Hamid Alavi Majd
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Postpartum services are the most important factor in preventing unwanted maternal and neonatal outcomes. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the stress associated with the risk of infection, one way to improve midwifery services in the postpartum period and reduce unwanted maternal and neonatal outcomes is the participatory care model. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of the participatory care model on quality of life and performance in the postpartum period. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 200 women in the third trimester of pregnancy living in Bojnourd, Iran in 2020. Health-promoting interventions, including self-care training based on the participatory care model, were performed in four sessions for mothers, spouses, and their supporters. Quality of life and postpartum performance questionnaires were completed two and eight weeks after delivery. Results: Mean quality of life in two weeks after delivery in the intervention and standard care groups were 115.5 and 114.7, respectively, and in the eight weeks after delivery were 121.0 and 116.8, respectively. Mean postpartum performance life in two weeks after delivery in the intervention and standard care groups were 74.7 and 73.6, respectively, and in the eight weeks after were 81.7 and 75.8, respectively. The results of repeated-measure analysis of variance showed that the intervention group had higher quality of life and performance scores than the standard care group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The participatory care model can effectively improve the quality of life and performance of mothers, and we recommend its use.
Principles for collaborative risk communication: Reducing landslide losses in Puerto Rico
Authors: West, PhD Student Jocelyn , Davis, MS Lindsay , Bendezú, BSc Raquel Lugo , Álvarez Gandía, BSc Yahaira D. , Hughes, PhD K. Stephen , Godt, PhD Jonathan , Peek, PhD Lori
Published: June 2022

Landslides are frequent and damaging natural hazards that threaten the people and the natural and built environments of Puerto Rico. In 2017, more than 70,000 landslides were triggered across the island by heavy rainfall from Hurricane María, prompting requests by local professionals for landslide education and outreach materials. This article describes a novel collaborative risk communication framework that was developed to meet those requests and shaped the creation of a Spanish- and English-language Landslide Guide for Residents of Puerto Rico. Collaborative risk communication is defined here as an iterative process guided by a set of principles for the interdisciplinary coproduction of hazards information and communication products by local and external stakeholders. The process that supports this form of risk communication involves mapping out the risk communication stakeholders in the at-risk or disaster-affected location—in this case Puerto Rico—and collaborating over time to address a shared challenge, such as landslide hazards. The approach described in this article involved the formation of a core team of government and university partners that expanded in membership to conduct collaborative work with an informal network of hazards professionals from diverse sectors in Puerto Rico. The following principles guided this process: cultural competence, ethical engagement, listening, inclusive decision making, empathy, convergence research, nested mentoring, adaptability, and reciprocity. This article contributes to the field of risk communication and emergency management by detailing these principles and the associated process in order to motivate collaborative risk communication efforts in different geographic and cultural contexts. While the work described here focuses on addressing landslides, the principles and process are transferable to other natural, technological, and willful human-caused hazards. They may also serve as a roadmap for future partnerships among government agencies and university researchers to inform the cocreation of science education and outreach tools.
Resilience of environment, infrastructure, communities, and governance in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria and the need for community empowerment to develop decentralized, nature-based solutions to sustainability
Authors: Crisman, PhD Thomas L. , Dumke, MA David , Rivera, PhD Fernando I. , Santiago-Pimentel, MS Liz
Published: June 2022

Collapse of electric and water infrastructure throughout Puerto Rico with Hurricane Maria is well documented but assessment of interactions among environment, infrastructure, and society is lacking. A classification system is developed to assess the resilience of each component based on principles of ecosystem responses to long-term and unexpected environmental change. All infrastructure sectors have experienced long-term decline because of a patch and stabilize approach that excludes strengthen and innovate. Maria was the tipping point for system collapse. The weakest sector, however, is governance and an inability to change direction from traditional centralized, engineered approaches incapable of meeting current or projected changes in resource availability and societal needs. The two most resilient sectors are environment and human communities. Their strong interrelationship is key to developing decentralized, nature-based solutions to address immediate and projected threats to resiliency and sustainability of communities in Puerto Rico. Still in its infancy, community ownership of the water-energy-food Nexus shows a great promise for island.