bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undetectable or subtherapeutic serum levels of antipsychotic drugs preceding switch to clozapine
Authors: Kyllesø Lennart , Smith Robert Løvsletten , Karlstad Øystein , Andreassen Ole A. , Molden Espen
Published: July 2020

Adequate antipsychotic treatment intensity is required for defining treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and justifying clozapine treatment. We investigated the occurrence of undetectable or subtherapeutic serum levels of oral antipsychotics preceding switch to clozapine as an endpoint of TRS. For patients starting clozapine, 12-month retrospective reviews of antipsychotic serum concentration measurements were performed in a Norwegian therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) database from 2005 to 2017. Undetectable levels in high-sensitive analytical assays defined ‘no drug use’, while levels <50% of the lower reference range defined ‘subtherapeutic use’. Similar data were collected for patients switching to long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, as a reference of ‘no or subtherapeutic drug use’. Nineteen of 353 patients initiating clozapine (5.4%) had a recent history of undetectable antipsychotic drug levels compared to 91 of 1048 (8.7%) initiating LAI. Another 19 patients starting clozapine (5.4%) had recent events of subtherapeutic levels. In conclusion, the present retrospective study may indicate that every 10th patient starting clozapine has a recent history of undetectable or subtherapeutic serum levels of oral antipsychotics. The clinical implications of the present study for the assessment of TRS should be investigated prospectively in further studies.
Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals
Authors: Neu Heather M. , Lee Angela , Brandis Joel E. P. , Patel Vyomesh , Schneider Abraham , Kane Maureen A. , Dalby Richard N. , Michel Sarah L. J.
Published: July 2020

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are prefilled, battery-operated products intended to deliver nicotine to the user via an inhaled complex aerosol formed by heating a liquid composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, also referred to as vegetable glycerin and collectively called e-liquid, that contains nicotine and various flavor ingredients. Since their introduction in 2006, the number of ENDS on the market has increased exponentially. Despite their growing ubiquity, the possible health risks associated with ENDS use remain poorly understood. One potential concern is the presence of toxic metals in the e-liquid and aerosol. Herein, we report the evaluation of the metal content in the e-liquids from a series of commercially available cigalike ENDS brands (various flavors) determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following e-liquid extraction. Each brand of cigalike ENDS was purchased at least three times at retail outlets in the Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan region over a period of six months (September 2017 to February 2018). This allowed for comparison of batch-to-batch variability. Several potentially toxic metals, including lead, chromium, copper, and nickel were detected in the e-liquids. In addition, high variability in metal concentrations within and between brands and flavors was observed . The internal assembled parts of each cartridge were analyzed by X-ray imaging, before dissembling so that the materials used to manufacture each cartridge could be evaluated to determine the metals they contained. Following washing to remove traces of e-liquid, lead, chromium, copper and nickel were all detected in the cigalike ENDS prefilled cartridges, suggesting one potential source for the metals found in the e-liquids. Collectively, these findings can inform further evaluation of product design and manufacturing processes, including quantification of metal concentrations in e-liquids over foreseeable storage times, safeguards against high concentrations of metals in the e-liquid before and after aerosolization (by contact with a metal heating coil), and control over batch-to-batch variability.
Author Correction: R-loop-forming Sequences Analysis in Thousands of Viral Genomes Identify A New Common Element in Herpesviruses
Authors: Wongsurawat Thidathip , Gupta Arundhati , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Owens Shana , Forrest James Craig , Nookaew Intawat
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Studies on healthy and neoplastic tissues using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and focused histopathological imaging
Authors: Zgardzińska B. , Chołubek G. , Jarosz B. , Wysogląd K. , Gorgol M. , Goździuk M. , Chołubek M. , Jasińska B.
Published: July 2020

Samples of healthy and neoplastic myometrial tissues were investigated using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). Meaningful differences between normal and diseased tissues were observed for each patient. The differences were also clearly visible for various kinds of lesions in each patient. The set of lifetimes and intensities obtained from PALS was correlated with the histopathological examinations of the same fragments of tissues. Strong coincidence between PALS parameters and histopathological findings was observed only in the case of a very precise correlation of the investigated area in both techniques. Measurements and discussion presented here were carried out to develop a method for measuring the sub-nanometric structure of human tissues. This kind of investigation, using positron probe, creates an opportunity of a new application in Positron Emission Tomography (PET).
Protecting endangered species in the USA requires both public and private land conservation
Authors: Clancy Niall G. , Draper John P. , Wolf J. Marshall , Abdulwahab Umarfarooq A. , Pendleton Maya C. , Brothers Soren , Brahney Janice , Weathered Jennifer , Hammill Edd , Atwood Trisha B.
Published: July 2020

Crucial to the successful conservation of endangered species is the overlap of their ranges with protected areas. We analyzed protected areas in the continental USA to assess the extent to which they covered the ranges of endangered tetrapods. We show that in 80% of ecoregions, protected areas offer equal (25%) or worse (55%) protection for species than if their locations were chosen at random. Additionally, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve sufficient protection for 100% of the USA’s endangered tetrapods through targeted protection of undeveloped public and private lands. Our results highlight that the USA is likely to fall short of its commitments to halting biodiversity loss unless more considerable investments in both public and private land conservation are made.
SARS-CoV-2 failure to infect or replicate in mosquitoes: an extreme challenge
Authors: Huang Yan-Jang S. , Vanlandingham Dana L. , Bilyeu Ashley N. , Sharp Haelea M. , Hettenbach Susan M. , Higgs Stephen
Published: July 2020

This research addresses public speculation that SARS-CoV-2 might be transmitted by mosquitoes. The World Health Organization has stated “To date there has been no information nor evidence to suggest that the new coronavirus could be transmitted by mosquitoes”. Here we provide the first experimental data to investigate the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect and be transmitted by mosquitoes. Three widely distributed species of mosquito; Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, representing the two most significant genera of arbovirus vectors that infect people, were tested. We demonstrate that even under extreme conditions, SARS-CoV-2 virus is unable to replicate in these mosquitoes and therefore cannot be transmitted to people even in the unlikely event that a mosquito fed upon a viremic host.
Acute hyperglycaemia is not associated with the development of atrial fibrillation in healthy pigs
Authors: Manninger Martin , Zweiker David , Dobrovnik Martin , van Hunnik Arne , Rohrer Ursula , Zirngast Birgit , Herbst Viktoria , Maechler Heinrich , Schotten Ulrich , Zirlik Andreas , Scherr Daniel
Published: July 2020

Development and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) is driven by comorbidities such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In animal models of chronic hyperglycaemia, progression of AF has been proposed to be triggered by oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrosis. Acute glycosylation of CaMKII has been associated with increased susceptibility to arrhythmias in acute hyperglycaemia. However, the proarrhythmogenic effect of acute hyperglycaemia has not been investigated. Nine healthy, anesthetized pigs (54 ± 6 kg) were instrumented with electrophysiologic catheters and a multielectrode array on the epicardium of the left atrial anterior wall. Left and right atrial effective refractory periods (AERP), inducibility of AF and left atrial epicardial conduction velocities (CV) were measured at baseline (BL), increasing steps of blood glucose (200–500 mg/dL in steps of 100 mg/dL by glucose infusion) and repeated after normalisation of blood glucose levels (recovery). Serum electrolytes were kept constant during measurements by means of sodium and potassium infusion. There were no significant differences in AERP, CV or AF inducibility between BL and recovery. Heart rate remained constant regardless of blood glucose levels (BL: 103 ± 18 bpm, 500 mg/dL: 103 ± 18 bpm, r = 0.02, p = 0.346). Mean left as well as right AERP increased with higher glucose levels. CV increased with glucose levels (1.25 (1.04, 1.67) m/s at BL vs. 1.53 (1.22, 2.15) m/s at 500 mg/dL, r = 0.85, p = 0.034). Rate of AF inducibility in the left atrium remained constant throughout the whole protocol (AF episodes > 10 s: mean inducibility of 80% at BL vs. 69% at 500 mg/dL, p = 0.32, episodes > 30 s: 0% at BL vs. 0% at 500 mg/dL, p = 0.17). Our data imply that acute hyperglycaemia is associated with lower arrhythmogenic substrate and does not promote AF inducibility.
Reliability and suitability of physiological exercise response and recovery markers
Authors: Reichel Thomas , Boßlau Tim K. , Palmowski Jana , Eder Klaus , Ringseis Robert , Mooren Frank C. , Walscheid Rüdiger , Bothur Evita , Samel Stefan , Frech Torsten , Philippe Marc , Krüger Karsten
Published: July 2020

There is currently insufficient evidence about the reliable quantification of exercise load and athlete’s recovery management for monitoring training processes. Therefore, this test–retest study investigated the reliability of various subjective, muscle force, and blood-based parameters in order to evaluate their suitability for monitoring exercise and recovery cycles. 62 subjects completed two identical 60-min continuous endurance exercise bouts intermitted by a four-week recovery period. Before, immediately after, three, and 24 h after each exercise bout, analysis of parameters were performed. Significant changes over time were found for rating of perceived exertion (RPE), multidimensional mood state questionnaire (MDMQ), maximum voluntary contraction parameters (MVCs), and blood-based biomarkers (p < 0.05). Excellent reliability was calculated for MVCs, mean corpuscular volume and 5-bound distance (ICC > 0.90). A good reliability was found for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (ICC = 0.79) and haematological markers (ICC = 0.75–0.86). For RPE, MDMQ, interleukin (IL-) 1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) only moderate reliability was found (ICC < 0.75). Significant associations for IL1-RA and CK to MVC were found. The excellent to moderate reliability of TBARS, LDH, IL-1RA, six measured haematological markers, MVCs and MDMQ implicate their suitability as physiological exercise response and recovery markers for monitoring athletes’ load management.
Micromotor-assisted highly efficient Fenton catalysis by a laccase/Fe-BTC-NiFe2O4 nanozyme hybrid with a 3D hierarchical structure
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Jia , Ng Dickon H. L. , Yang Ping , Yang Wenning , Liu Yong
Published: July 2020

A 3D hierarchical micromotor decorated with a nanozyme/natural enzyme hybrid that integrated movement, Fenton degradation and enzymatic catalysis in sewage water.
Fe–Ni metal–organic frameworks with prominent peroxidase-like activity for the colorimetric detection of Sn2+ ions
Authors: Hu Ye , Yue Chaochao , Wang Jing , Zhang Yuhua , Fang Wenhui , Dang Jiaqi , Wu Ying , Zhao Hong , Li Zengxi
Published: July 2020

The synthesized Fe–Ni-MOF could oxidize TMB to produce oxTMB with blue color. The presence of Sn2+ ions could make the oxTMB color lighter, hence colorimetric detection of Sn2+ ions is realized.
High-resolution DNA size enrichment using a magnetic nano-platform and application in non-invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhao Shuting , Wan Hao , Liu Ying , Zhang Fei , Guo Xin , Zeng Wenqi , Zhang Haiyan , Zeng Linghua , Qu Jiale , Wu Ben-Qing , Wan Xinhong , Cantor Charles R. , Ge Dongliang
Published: July 2020

A magnetic nano-platform that enriches cell-free fetal DNA from maternal blood with superior 20 bp resolution for size separation and high yield.
A recyclable metal–organic framework for ammonia vapour adsorption
Authors: Nguyen Tu N. , Harreschou Ian M. , Lee Jung-Hoon , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: July 2020

The incorporation of sterically hindered boron centers into MOFs allows the recyclable adsorption of NH3vapour from aqueous solution.
Photo-reactive oligodeoxynucleotide-embedded nanovesicles (PROsomes) with switchable stability for efficient cellular uptake and gene knockdown
Authors: Kim Beob Soo , Naito Mitsuru , Kamegawa Rimpei , Kim Hyun Jin , Iizuka Ryo , Funatsu Takashi , Ueno Shingo , Ichiki Takanori , Kishimura Akihiro , Miyata Kanjiro
Published: July 2020

A photo-responsive nanovesicle (PROsome) is fabricated via polyion complex between PEG-polypeptides and photo-reactive/antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (PROs/ASOs), eliciting the switchable stability for efficient cellular uptake and gene knockdown.
Thermally tunable selective formation of self-assembled fibers into two orthogonal directions in oriented liquid-crystalline smectic templates
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Ikemoto Yuka , Kato Takashi
Published: July 2020

Two orthogonal (grid-like) and one directional fibrous structures are selectively formed through anisotropic self-assembly of low-molecular-weight gelators in liquid-crystalline smectic A templates depending on thermally tuned layered structures.
In operando visualization of electrolyte stratification dynamics in lead-acid battery using phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Authors: Takamatsu Daiko , Hirano Tatsumi , Yoneyama Akio , Kimura Takayuki , Harada Motoko , Terada Masayuki , Okoshi Tetsuro
Published: July 2020

Real-time visualization of electrolyte stratification dynamics under lead-acid battery operation with high temporal and spatial resolution by phase-contrast X-ray imaging.
Dynamic single-site polysulfide immobilization in long-range disorder Cu-MOFs
Authors: Sun Ju , Lu Xinxin , Wu Kuang-Hsu , Hou Jingwei , Fang Ruopian , Hart Judy N. , Zhu Shenmin , Chen Vicki , Amal Rose , Wang Da-Wei
Published: July 2020

The dynamic structural transformation of Cu-MOFs during cell discharge and recharge involves irreversible frame-work amorphization and interconvertible single copper cations.
Optical and photocatalytic properties of a ZnO@C core/shell sphere with rich oxygen vacancies
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhao Xiaoru , Duan Libing , Shen Hao , Liu Ruidi , Hou Tian
Published: July 2020

We develop a novel method to prepare an oxygen-deficient ZnO@C core/shell based on a traditional hydrothermal reaction, and investigate the role of the carbon core and oxygen vacancies in the photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence processes.
Recognition and applications of anion–anion dimers based on anti-electrostatic hydrogen bonds (AEHBs)
Authors: Zhao Wei , Flood Amar H. , White Nicholas G.
Published: July 2020

Contrary to expectations, protic hydroxyanions show a surprisingly reliable facility to dimerize or oligomerize together by hydrogen bonding.
Catalytic activity and mechanism of fluorinated MgO film supported on 3D nickel mesh for ozonation of gaseous toluene
Authors: Zhu Jinzhu , Sun Jingxiang , Tian Shuanghong , Yang Juan , Feng Jinxi , Xiong Ya
Published: July 2020

The fluorination of a MgO catalyst could suppress acid-caused catalytic deactivation and promote toluene degradation efficiency during catalytic ozonation.
Correction: Catalytic production of 1,4-pentanediol from furfural in a fixed-bed system under mild conditions
Authors: Liu Qiaoyun , Qiao Botao , Liu Fei , Zhang Leilei , Su Yang , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Catalytic production of 1,4-pentanediol from furfural in a fixed-bed system under mild conditions’ by Qiaoyun Liu et al., Green Chem., 2020, 22, 3532–3538, DOI: 10.1039/D0GC00233J.
Arsenic speciation and its DNA fractionation in the rice plant Oryza sativa
Authors: Foulkes Mike E. , Sadee Bashdar A. , Hill Steve J.
Published: July 2020

The transport of arsenic from soil through to edible crop is important when assessing the potential health risks from a food source.
High-speed particle detection and tracking in microfluidic devices using event-based sensing
Authors: Howell Jessie , Hammarton Tansy C. , Altmann Yoann , Jimenez Melanie
Published: July 2020

Event-based sensing offers unique advantages in terms of cost, sensitivity and compatibility with standard microscopes for high-throughput particle imaging in microfluidic systems.
A cationitrile sequence encodes mild poly(ionic liquid) crosslinking for advanced composite membranes
Authors: Dong Zhiyue , Zhang Chongrui , Peng Huawen , Gong Jiang , Wang Hong , Zhao Qiang , Yuan Jiayin
Published: July 2020

A new cation–methylene–nitrile functionality sequence of repeating poly(ionic liquid) units encodes unprecedented polymer crosslinking and nanostructured membranes displaying exceptional stability and solar-thermal desalination performance.
pH-regulated thermo-driven nanofluidics for nanoconfined mass transport and energy conversion
Authors: Zhao Xiaolu , Li Long , Xie Wenyuan , Qian Yongchao , Chen Weipeng , Niu Bo , Chen Jianjun , Kong Xiang-yu , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping
Published: July 2020

A thermo-driven nanofluidic system was developed to extract waste heat based on directed ionic transport.
Modulation of interparticle gap for enhanced SERS sensitivity in chemically stable Ag@Au hetero-architectures
Authors: Wu Chunfang , Hu Qing , Benison Melissa , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan
Published: July 2020

A facile way to tune SERS sensitivity and chemical stability of Ag@Au hetero-architectures by Au coatings.
Thermally healable polyurethane with tailored mechanical performance using dynamic crosslinking motifs
Authors: Xie Haopu , Sheng Dekun , Zhou Yan , Xu Shaobin , Wu Haohao , Tian Xinxin , Sun Yinglu , Liu Xiangdong , Yang Yuming
Published: July 2020

A tunable dynamic cross-linked polyurethane that makes a tradeoff between superior mechanical performance and excellent self-healing ability.
Recent advances in nitro-involved radical reactions
Authors: Huang Jiapian , Ding Feng , Rojsitthisak Pornchai , He Fu-Sheng , Wu Jie
Published: July 2020

Significant progress in the chemistry of nitro radicals has been witnessed in the past decades, providing efficient and rapid access to nitro-containing compounds. This review describes recent advances in nitro-involved radical reactions, and summarizes various transformations.
Electrochemical α-methoxymethylation and aminomethylation of propiophenones using methanol as a green C1 source
Authors: Meng Xiu-Jin , Pan Yong-Zhou , Mo Shi-Kun , Wang Heng-Shan , Tang Hai-Tao , Pan Ying-Ming
Published: July 2020

We have developed an efficient and convenient strategy for the straightforward α-methoxymethylation and aminomethylation of a series of propiophenones.
Investigation of CO2 single-pass conversion in a flow electrolyzer
Authors: Jeng Emily , Jiao Feng
Published: July 2020

This work discusses single-pass CO2 conversion in a systematic study on CO2 to CO flow cell electrolyzers.
Energetic decomposition yields efficient bimetallic Cu MOF-derived catalysts
Authors: Nguyen Sorenson Anh H. T. , Wu Yu , Orcutt Emma K. , Kent Rosalyn V. , Anderson Hans C. , Matzger Adam J. , Stowers Kara J.
Published: July 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as efficient self-sacrificial templates to fabricate porous carbon-supported metal nanoparticles (NPs).
A critical review on bismuth and antimony halide based perovskites and their derivatives for photovoltaic applications: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Jin Zhixin , Zhang Zheng , Xiu Jingwei , Song Haisheng , Gatti Teresa , He Zhubing
Published: July 2020

The recent progress in photovoltaic applications of group VA metals (Bi and Sb) halide based perovskites and their derivatives are reviewed, addressing the limitations of and perspectives for these low toxicity lead-free photovoltaic materials.
Data-driven pilot optimization for electrochemical CO mass production
Authors: Kim Kyeongsu , Lee Woong Hee , Na Jonggeol , Hwang YunJeong , Oh Hyung-Suk , Lee Ung
Published: July 2020

Pilot plant optimization of CO2RR system to produce CO via Ag electrodes have been performed and the results are intensely studied via correlation analysis.
Near-infrared optically active Cu2−xS nanocrystals: sacrificial template-ligand exchange integration fabrication and chirality dependent autophagy effects
Authors: Wang Yue , Xia Yunsheng
Published: July 2020

The sacrificial template-ligand exchange integration fabrication and chirality dependent autophagy effects of the near-infrared optically active Cu2−xS nanocrystals.
Specifiable biomimetic microsponges for timed release of crystal entrapped biomolecules useful in bone repair
Authors: Green David W. , Stamboulis Artemis , Ben-Nissan Besim
Published: July 2020

Most marine biomaterials comprise of inorganic crystals with various tectonic structures that permit the inclusion, storage, release, and delivery of organic biomolecules. One analog with those functions is exploited for preclinical application.
Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3–BiFeO3-based multicalorics with room-temperature ferroic anomalies
Authors: Prah Uroš , Wencka Magdalena , Rojac Tadej , Benčan Andreja , Uršič Hana
Published: July 2020

The search for new single-phase multicaloric materials, combining electrocaloric and magnetocaloric effects, is just at its beginning.
A key stacking factor for the effective formation of pyrene excimer in crystals: degree of π–π overlap
Authors: Ge Yunpeng , Wen Yating , Liu Haichao , Lu Tong , Yu Yue , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Bao , Zhang Shi-Tong , Li Weijun , Yang Bing
Published: July 2020

The degree of π–π overlap in pyrene dimers is a key stacking factor for the effective formation of pyrene excimer in crystal.
Quantifying Vocal Power: Correlation of Whole-Body Anaerobic Power to Vocal Function Measures
Authors: Snell Emily N. , Plexico Laura W. , Weaver Aurora J. , Sandage Mary J.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this preliminary study was to identify a vocal task that could be used as a clinical indicator of the vocal aptitude or vocal fitness required for vocally demanding occupations in a manner similar to that of the anaerobic power tests commonly used in exercise science. Performance outcomes for vocal tasks that require rapid acceleration and high force production may be useful as an indirect indicator of muscle fiber complement and bioenergetic fitness of the larynx, an organ that is difficult to study directly.

Method

Sixteen women (age range: 19–24 years,
M
age
= 22 years) were consented for participation and completed the following performance measures: forced vital capacity, three adapted vocal function tasks, and the horizontal sprint test.

Results

Using a within-participant correlational analyses, results indicated a positive relationship between the rate of the last second of a laryngeal diadochokinesis task that was produced at a high fundamental frequency/high sound level and anaerobic power. Forced vital capacity was not correlated with any of the vocal function tasks.

Conclusions

These preliminary results indicate that aspects of the laryngeal diadochokinesis task produced at a high fundamental frequency and high sound level may be useful as an ecologically valid measure of vocal power ability. Quantification of vocal power ability may be useful as a vocal fitness assessment or as an outcome measure for voice rehabilitation and habilitation for patients with vocally demanding jobs.
Role of the impact parameter in exoplanet transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Alexoudi X. , Mallonn M. , Keles E. , Poppenhäger K. , von Essen C. , Strassmeier K. G.
Published: July 2020

Context. Transmission spectroscopy is a promising tool for the atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets. Because the planetary signal is faint, discrepancies have been reported regarding individual targets.

Aims. We investigate the dependence of the estimated transmission spectrum on deviations of the orbital parameters of the star-planet system that are due to the limb-darkening effects of the host star. We describe how the uncertainty on the orbital parameters translates into an uncertainty on the planetary spectral slope.

Methods. We created synthetic transit light curves in seven different wavelength bands, from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, and fit them with transit models parameterized by fixed deviating values of the impact parameter b. First, we performed a qualitative study to illustrate the effect by presenting the changes in the transmission spectrum slope with different deviations of b. Then, we quantified these variations by creating an error envelope (for centrally transiting, off-center, and grazing systems) based on a derived typical uncertainty on b from the literature. Finally, we compared the variations in the transmission spectra for different spectral types of host stars.

Results. Our simulations show a wavelength-dependent offset that is more pronounced at the blue wavelengths where the limb-darkening effect is stronger. This offset introduces a slope in the planetary transmission spectrum that becomes steeper with increasing b values. Variations of b by positive or negative values within its uncertainty interval introduce positive or negative slopes, thus the formation of an error envelope. The amplitude from blue optical to near-infrared wavelength for a typical uncertainty on b corresponds to one atmospheric pressure scale height and more. This impact parameter degeneracy is confirmed for different host types; K stars present prominently steeper slopes, while M stars indicate features at the blue wavelengths.

Conclusions. We demonstrate that transmission spectra can be hard to interpret, basically because of the limitations in defining a precise impact parameter value for a transiting exoplanet. This consequently limits a characterization of its atmosphere.
Far-infrared laboratory spectroscopy of aminoacetonitrile and first interstellar detection of its vibrationally excited transitions
Authors: Melosso M. , Belloche A. , Martin-Drumel M.-A. , Pirali O. , Tamassia F. , Bizzocchi L. , Garrod R. T. , Müller H. S. P. , Menten K. M. , Dore L. , Puzzarini C.
Published: July 2020

Context. Aminoacetonitrile, a molecule detected in the interstellar medium only toward the star-forming region Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2), is considered an important prebiotic species; in particular, it is a possible precursor of the simplest amino acid glycine. To date, observations have been limited to ground state emission lines, whereas transitions from within vibrationally excited states remained undetected.

Aims. We wanted to accurately determine the energies of the low-lying vibrational states of aminoacetonitrile, which are expected to be populated in Sgr B2(N1), the main hot core of Sgr B2(N). This step is fundamental in order to properly evaluate the vibration-rotation partition function of aminoacetonitrile as well as the line strengths of the rotational transitions of its vibrationally excited states. This is necessary to derive accurate column densities and secure the identification of these transitions in astronomical spectra.

Methods. The far-infrared ro-vibrational spectrum of aminoacetonitrile has been recorded in absorption against a synchrotron source of continuum emission. Three bands, corresponding to the lowest vibrational modes of aminoacetonitrile, were observed in the frequency region below 500 cm−1. The combined analysis of ro-vibrational and pure rotational data allowed us to prepare new spectral line catalogs for all the states under investigation. We used the imaging spectral line survey ReMoCA performed with ALMA to search for vibrationally excited aminoacetonitrile toward Sgr B2(N1). The astronomical spectra were analyzed under the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) approximation.

Results. Almost 11 000 lines have been assigned during the analysis of the laboratory spectrum of aminoacetonitrile, thanks to which the vibrational energies of the v11 = 1, v18 = 1, and v17 = 1 states have been determined. The whole dataset, which includes high J and Ka transitions, is well reproduced within the experimental accuracy. Reliable spectral predictions of pure rotational lines can now be produced up to the THz region. On the basis of these spectroscopic predictions, we report the interstellar detection of aminoacetonitrile in its v11 = 1 and v18 = 1 vibrational states toward Sgr B2(N1) in addition to emission from its vibrational ground state. The intensities of the identified v11 = 1 and v18 = 1 lines are consistent with the detected v = 0 lines under LTE at a temperature of 200 K for an aminoacetonitrile column density of 1.1 × 1017 cm−2.

Conclusions. This work shows the strong interplay between laboratory spectroscopy exploiting (sub)millimeter and synchrotron-based far-infrared techniques, and observational spectral surveys to detect complex organic molecules in space and quantify their abundances.
Optimized Stealth Design and Remolding of Target Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Mu Yang , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , Miao Yi , Duan Shichang
Published: July 2020

In order to satisfy the imperious requirements of low-detectable target aircraft in the current test and evaluation of airborne radar and to remedy the numerous defects of magnetic microwave absorbing coating in the practical application, a new type of light-weight electric loss coating with the carbon nanotubes(CNTs) was proposed by the optimal design of the absorbent content and coating thickness. A type of target unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) with representative non-stealth structure was remolded by the present type of coating, and the detection range of airborne radar to the remolded UAV was obtained in the flight test. The results reveal that the microwave absorbing coating with a thickness of 2.5mm has the optimized microwave absorbing properties at a CNTs content of 15wt.%, and the reflection loss value can be inferior to -8dB over the whole X band. The intensity level of scattering center of the UAV degrades after coated, and the radar cross section (RCS) of coated UAV decreases by 20dB in the flight test.
Data Collection Method of Large Scale WSNS Mobile Node Based on Compressed Sensing and Intelligent Optimization
Authors: Liu Zhouzhou , Cheng Xu , Zhang Yangmei , Peng Han
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the defects of large-scale large scale wireless sensor network data processing network traffic and high task latency, a data collection scheme of mobile node based on discrete elastic collision optimization algorithm and adaptive block compression sensing is proposed. Firstly, by analyzing the relationship between the network partitioning and the node deployment, an adaptive block compressed sensing data collection strategy is proposed to realize sensor node based on adaptive network block compressed sensing data collection. Designing mobile node data acquisition path planning strategy and multiple mobile nodes The collaborative computer system adopts the fitness value constraint transformation processing technology and the parallel discrete elastic collision optimization algorithm to achieve the purpose of balancing network node energy consumption and reducing data processing task delay. Finally, the simulation results show that the data collection scheme can effectively realize high-efficiency processing of large-scale sensor network data, and reduce network traffic and network task delay, and better balance network node energy consumption.
Shape Memory Alloy(SMA) Actuated Microfluidic Colour-Changing System
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Songjing
Published: July 2020

In order to improve the performances of microfluidic actuators, a microfluidic actuating way based on the shape memory alloy(SMA) is presented, which is applied for the liquids circulation of a microfluidic colour-changing system. A SMA spring is used as the main actuating part, a microfluidic actuating device based on the SMA spring is designed and fabricated. The models for the SMA spring and the whole SMA actuated microfluidic system are established, the experimental platform is built. The temperature properties, output displacement performances and pressure responses of the present system are simulated and tested under different experimental conditions. Comparing with traditional microfluidic actuating systems, the SMA actuated microfluidic colour-changing system is driven by using DC power, small in size, convenient in operation, and has fast response speed and high reliability.
Microstructure Characteristic and Fatigue Damage Behaviors of 2060 Al-Li Alloy Thin Plate
Authors: Li Guoai , Wang Liang , Hao Min , Wang Xiangjie , Lu Zheng
Published: July 2020

The microstructure characteristic, fatigue damage behaviours and evolution of microstructure during the fatigue testing of 2060 Al-Li alloy thin plate were studied by fatigue tester equipped with in-situ observation device, OM, EBSD, SEM and TEM. The results show that recrystallized grains with irregularity shape and large size are observed, the Goss and Cube texture are the mainly types, abundant of T1 with size of 50~60nm are found in grains. During axial loaded fatigue testing, a crack initiates from the edge of sample and extend into grain along the direction with maximum Schmid factor. When the crack reaches and crosses the first grain boundary, the extending direction deflects from 45° degree to perpendicular with loading direction, and propagates along this direction till the sample quickly fracture. A large size deformation region contains numerous slip strips around the crack tip during the initiation and extending process is observed. The dislocations cut across the T1 precipitates located in grains during deformation, and release the stress concentration on the crack tip. The fatigue crack extends across the grains with serrated shape can result from the big orientation difference of grains and easy screwed T1 precipitates.
A Discretization Algorithm Based on Forest Optimization Network and Variable Precision Rough Set
Authors: Xu Dong , Wang Xin , Meng Yulong , Zhang Ziying
Published: July 2020

Discretization of multidimensional attributes can improve the training speed and accuracy of machine learning algorithm. At present, the discretization algorithms perform at a lower level, and most of them are single attribute discretization algorithm, ignoring the potential association between attributes. Based on this, we proposed a discretization algorithm based on forest optimization and rough set (FORDA) in this paper. To solve the problem of discretization of multi-dimensional attributes, the algorithm designs the appropriate value function according to the variable precision rough set theory, and then constructs the forest optimization network and iteratively searches for the optimal subset of breakpoints. The experimental results on the UCI datasets show that:compared with the current mainstream discretization algorithms, the algorithm can avoid local optimization, significantly improve the classification accuracy of the SVM classifier, and its discretization performance is better, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
RNA expression dataset of 384 sunflower hybrids in field condition
Authors: Penouilh-Suzette Charlotte , Pomiès Lise , Duruflé Harold , Blanchet Nicolas , Bonnafous Fanny , Dinis Romain , Brouard Céline , Gody Louise , Grassa Christopher , Heudelot Xavier , Laporte Marion , Larroque Marion , Marage Gwenola , Mayjonade Baptiste , Mangin Brigitte , de Givry Simon , Langlade Nicolas B.
Published: July 2020

This article describes how RNA expression data of 173 genes were produced on 384 sunflower hybrids grown in field conditions. Sunflower hybrids were selected to represent genetic diversity within cultivated sunflower. The RNA was extracted from mature leaves at one time seven days after anthesis. These data allow to differentiate the different genotype behaviours and constitute a valuable resource to the community to study the adaptation of crops to field conditions and the molecular basis of heterosis. It is available on data.inra.fr repository.
Quinolin-8-yl Formate: A New Option for Small-Scale Carbonylation Reactions in Microwave Reactors
Authors: Ruble J. Craig , Maddocks Christopher J. , Aathimanikandan Sivakumar V. , Richardson Jeffery
Published: July 2020

A convenient procedure for conducting small-scale carbonylations of aryl or benzyl halides in a microwave reactor by using quinolin-8-yl formate is described. The resulting 8-acyloxyquinolines were shown to be more reactive than phenyl esters in acyl-transfer reactions, and their utility for the production of esters and amides was demonstrated.
Ni-Catalyzed Intramolecular Reductive 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkene: Facile Access to Podophyllum Lignans Core
Authors: Qiu Zhong-Ping , Peng Yu , Xiao Jian , Wang Ya-Wen
Published: July 2020

The facile access to the tetracyclic skeleton of podophyllotoxin, a medicinally important lignan natural product, was efficiently achieved via a unique intramolecular alkylarylation of the tethered alkene in a dihalide under mild conditions using reductive nickel catalysis.
Sordid genealogies: a conjectural history of Cambridge Analytica’s eugenic roots
Authors: Wintroub Michael
Published: July 2020

“Sordid Genealogies: A Conjectural History of Cambridge Analytica’s Eugenic Roots” explores the history of the methods employed by Cambridge Analytica to influence the 2016 US presidential election. It focuses on the history of psychometric analysis, trait psychology, the lexical hypothesis and multivariate factor analysis, and how they developed in close conjunction with the history of eugenics. More particularly, it will analyze how the work of Francis Galton, Ludwig Klages, Charles Spearman, and Raymond Cattell (among others) contributed to the manifold translations between statistics, the pseudoscience of eugenics, the politics of Trumpism, and the data driven psychology of the personality championed by Cambridge Analytica.
Ice templated nanocomposites containing rod-like hematite particles: Interplay between particle anisotropy and particle–matrix interactions
Authors: Kumaraswamy Guruswamy , Suresh Karthika , Lama Hisay , Basavaraj Madivala G. , Satapathy Dillip K.
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate that the mechanical response of ice templated nanocomposite scaffolds prepared from ellipsoidal hematite particles is determined by both the particle aspect ratio and the interaction between the particles and the matrix polymer. We ice template aqueous dispersions of hematite particles, polyethyleneimine, and diepoxy crosslinker and crosslink the polymer in the frozen state. This protocol results in the formation of elastic macroporous monoliths capable of complete recovery from large compressive strains. Hematite particles show an inversion of their surface charge with pH: they are negatively charged at a basic pH and positively charged under acidic conditions. This allows us to change the interaction between hematite particles and crosslinked matrix polymer that they are embedded in, simply by immersing the monoliths in aqueous solutions with different pH’s. We report that under basic conditions, viz, when polyethyleneimine adsorbs on the particle surface, there is a decrease in the monolith modulus with an increase in the particle aspect ratio. We demonstrate that this correlates with a change in the mechanism of monolith response: from wall compression for isotropic particles to wall bending for anisotropic particles with an aspect ratio of 4. Under acidic conditions (pH = 2), where hematite particles show a positive zeta potential, the monolith modulus increases with the aspect ratio of the ellipsoidal fillers. Understanding the interplay between filler aspect ratio and filler–matrix interaction has important implications for the control of nanocomposite mechanical properties.
Searching for stable 2D gallium and indium oxides
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: July 2020

Hole doping can introduce ferromagnetism to the most stable forms of 2D gallium and indium oxides, Ga 2 O 3 and In2O3, for spintronics applications.
Design and characteristics of a low-frequency magnetic probe for magnetic profile measurements at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Knieps A. , Liang Y. , Drews P. , Endler M. , Grulke O. , Huang Z. , Killer C. , Liu S. , Nicolai D. , Rahbarnia K. , Sandri N. , Satheeswaran G. ,   Wendelstein 7-X Team
Published: July 2020

Equilibrium analysis in fusion devices usually relies on plasma pressure profiles and magnetic measurements outside the plasma. The kinetic profiles can give indirect information about the equilibrium magnetic field, while the stationary magnetic diagnostics cannot resolve current distributions on a smaller scale. This work presents a reciprocating magnetic probe, designed to provide direct plasma response measurements of the magnetic field in the scrape-off layer of Wendelstein 7-X. Hardware design and frequency characteristics are discussed, and a post-processing technique for extending the lower frequency cutoff of the integration scheme is presented.
Electrical characterization of positive and negative pulsed nanosecond discharges in water coupled with time-resolved light detection
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Gorry Jérémy , Merciris Thomas , Margot Joëlle
Published: July 2020

Electrical discharge in liquids is a research field that has great potential in environmental and technological applications. Depending on the experimental conditions (liquid nature, interelectrodes distance, applied voltage, pulse width, etc.), various discharge modes can be obtained. The involved physical processes have relatively fast spatiotemporal dynamics and, therefore, are not well understood. In this study, we report the electrical characterization, coupled with time-resolved light detection (using a photomultiplier, PM, tube), of positive and negative pulsed nanosecond spark discharges in de-ionized water using copper electrodes (distanced by ∼50 μm) in a pin-to-plate configuration. A detailed analysis of the current–voltage waveforms during the pre-breakdown and the breakdown phases is shown, and we found that the pre-breakdown phase depends on the high voltage magnitude only for positive polarity. On the other hand, the PM signals showed dependence on the voltage magnitude and on the pulse width, and various emission phases are observed. These phases can be related to the discharge power and/or to the discharge current. Filtered PM signals at various wavelengths are also acquired, and their temporal dynamics are discussed regarding the discharge conditions.
Balance in the feedback loop components of the mammalian cochlear amplifier
Authors: Agarwal Naman , Ramamoorthy Sripriya
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to identify the components of the cochlear amplifier feedback loop, viz., the system transfer function and the feedback gain. For maximum positive feedback amplification, loop gain, which is the multiplication product of these transfer functions, would approach unity. Near-unity loop gain requires that the system transfer function and the feedback gain be almost reciprocally matched. Whether such a matched condition exists remains to be shown and would depend on the mechanism of the cochlear amplifier. For the outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility hypothesis, a local lumped model shows that around the characteristic frequency, the feedback gain, which is proportional to the OHC transmembrane potential, is almost reciprocally matched with the system transfer function. This finding emphasizes that the low-pass filtering of the OHC transmembrane potential is not a challenge; instead, it is necessary for positive feedback amplification in the cochlea. Furthermore, such a balance of the feedback loop components exists over the tonotopic axis despite tonotopic parameter variations. These observations made from the local model are shown to remain valid despite global coupling using the global coupled mechanical–electrical–acoustic model of the cochlea.
Polariton mediated resonance energy transfer in a fluid
Authors: Green Dale , Jones Garth A. , Salam A.
Published: July 2020

The focus of this work is on a microscopic quantum electrodynamical understanding of cumulative quantum effects in resonance energy transfer occurring in an isotropic and disordered medium. In particular, we consider quantum coherence, defined in terms of interferences between Feynman pathways, and analyze pure-amplitude and phase cross terms that appear in the Fermi golden rule rate equation that results from squaring the matrix element for mediated energy transfer. It is shown that pure-amplitude terms dominate in the near-zone when chromophores are close in proximity to one another (within a few nanometers), and phase cross terms dominate toward the far-zone when phase differences between different Feynman pathways begin to emerge. This can be understood in terms of physical attributes of the mediating photon, whose character becomes more real at long distances, coinciding with vanishing longitudinal components of the field, as transverse components begin to dominate.
Ultrahigh tunneling magnetoresistance in van der Waals and lateral magnetic tunnel junctions formed by intrinsic ferromagnets Li0.5CrI3 and CrI3
Authors: Li Fangfang , Yang Baishun , Zhu Yu , Han Xiufeng , Yan Yu
Published: July 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic magnets have been used to construct magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio, including van der Waals (vdW) MTJs and lateral MTJs. In this work, we design vdW and lateral MTJs formed by a ferromagnetic (FM) CrI3 barrier and two half-metallic Li0.5CrI3 electrodes, respectively, and investigate the TMR effect of these MTJs using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with density functional theory. Interestingly, it is found that due to the half-metallicity of the Li0.5CrI3 electrode, the total conductances of vdW and lateral MTJs for the parallel configuration (PC) of magnetizations of two electrodes are about 12 and 11 orders of magnitude larger than those for the antiparallel configuration (APC) of magnetizations of two electrodes, respectively. Consequently, the ultrahigh TMR ratios of up to 1.48 × 1014 and 2.86 × 1012 are achieved in the designed vdW and lateral MTJs, respectively. Remarkably, the TMR ratio of 1.48 × 1014 is the highest ratio in MTJs based on 2D materials. Moreover, due to the CrI3 barrier in vdW MTJs becoming FM half-metal, the majority-spin conductance of vdW MTJs for PC of magnetizations of two electrodes is about 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of lateral MTJs, and thus, the TMR ratio of vdW MTJs is about 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of lateral MTJs. Our results suggest that vdW and lateral MTJs formed by the FM CrI3 barrier and half-metallic Li0.5CrI3 electrodes hold great potential for applications in spintronic devices.