bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS:AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Kakar Satinder , Kumar Saurav , Kumar Yogesh
Published: September 2018

The oral route is the most widely accepted route.The review deals with overview of orodipersible tablets that includes advantages,disadvantages,properties,methods forits formulation.
CONTROLE DE DOENÇAS PÓS-COLHEITA COM ÓLEOS ESSENCIAIS
Authors: Soardi Karina , Anami Jessica Mayumi , Fernandes Raquel Carlos , Heinzen Angélica Schmitz , Nunes Francielle Regina , Steffens Cristiano André
Published: September 2018

A proposição do trabalho é apresentar uma revisão sobre o uso de óleos essenciais no controle de doenças na pós-colheita de frutos, tendo em vista que o mesmo vem sendo pesquisado afim de ser utilizado no controle de doenças. As doenças que mais causam perdas na pós-colheita são as podridões causadas por fungos, e podem se manifestar em diferentes períodos, desde o momento da colheita, até após o período de armazenamento, durante a comercialização dos frutos. Os óleos essenciais de plantas são constituídos por metabólitos secundários. São substâncias líquidas, oleosas, voláteis, naturais e com forte aroma, quase sempre agradável. O efeito destes óleos no controle de doenças pós-colheita pode ser explicado devido as suas propriedades antimicrobianas e fungistáticas. Sua utilização em pré e pós-colheita vem demonstrando ser uma alternativa viável e promissora no manejo de podridões em frutos, contribuindo para a redução de contaminação ambiental pela diminuição de agroquímicos. Sistemas de produção de alimentos com segurança ambiental vem ao encontro do anseio da sociedade, que, cada vez mais, se conscientiza e busca alimentos que tenham sido produzidos com menor agressão ao ambiente e que apresentam baixo risco à saúde dos agricultores, ressaltando assim a crescente preocupação dos consumidores pela aquisição de produtos mais saudáveis e seguros e com menor risco de resíduos químicos. Neste sentido, objetivando suprir a falta de informações, são apresentados dados de pesquisas a fim de auxiliar na compreensão do uso de óleos essenciais no controle de podridões na pós-colheita de frutos.
CORRELAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DE CAMINHAMENTO EM MAMONA E GIRASSOL
Authors: Pinto Ciro De Miranda , Pinto Olienaide Ribeiro de Oliveira , Silva Maria Elanny Damasceno
Published: September 2018

A mamona possui um papel relevante na agricultura familiar por ser capaz de favorecer o crescimento da economia do semiárido nordestino, sendo geradora de emprego no campo e de matéria-prima para a indústria. O girassol é uma planta anual produtora de grãos e forragem, sendo utilizada na alimentação humana e de outros animais na forma de farelo. Um ensaio de campo foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas de 2008, 2009 e 2010, na Fazenda Experimental Lavoura Seca, Quixadá, Ceará, com objetivo de estudar as caracteristicas agronômicas que influenciam a produtividade de grãos da mamona e no girassol consorciados em diferentes arranjos de fileira. Utilizou-se a análise de trilha que particiona os valores de correlação em diretos e indiretos. O delineamento utilizado no experimento foi blocos com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos analisados foram representados por fileiras de mamona (Ma) e de girassol (Gi) nesta ordem foram arranjados nas proporções: 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:2, 2:3 e do monocultivo cada espécie. Foram verificadas correlações significativas da produtividade de grãos da mamona e girassol, em todas as caracteristicas agronômicas estudadas.Efeitos diretos positivos sobre a produtividade de grãos da mamona foram constatados, no número de internódios, altura de planta, altura de inserção do racemo primário, comprimento de racemo. Efeitos diretos positivos foram constatados na altura de planta, altura de capitulo sobre a produtividade de grãos do girassol.
DESEMPENHO DE PLANTAS DE SOJA EM FUNÇÃO DO VIGOR DAS SEMENTES E DO ESTRESSE HÍDRICO
Authors: Rodrigues Denilson Da Silva , Schuch Luis Osmar Braga , Meneghello Geri Eduardo , Peske Silmar Teichert
Published: September 2018

Avaliou-se o desempenho de plantas e a produtividade de populações de soja estabelecidas com sementes de diferentes níveis de vigor, em duas épocas de semeadura na região de Balsas/MA. A primeira época de semeadura foi realizada logo após as primeiras chuvas, e segunda época ocorreu após as chuvas terem se estabilizado.  Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes de alto vigor, e dois de baixo vigor. Considerou-se alto vigor lotes com mais de 90% no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, e de baixo vigor aqueles com menos de 72% no mesmo teste. Avaliou-se: número de plantas por metro linear, altura de plantas, número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem, número de vagens com uma, duas e três sementes, número de sementes por planta, peso de mil sementes e rendimento de sementes. O alto vigor das sementes favorece o estabelecimento da população de plantas, as características agronômicas e os componentes do rendimento, podendo proporcionar acréscimos superiores a 30% na produtividade em populações de soja, sendo que o efeito benéfico do vigor das sementes sobre o desempenho das plantas e a produtividade é potencializado sob condições de estresse ambiental.
QUALIDADE DO SOLO E DA UVA: SUAS RELAÇÕES ATRAVÉS DA ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA
Authors: Stöcker Cristiane Mariliz , Rombaldi Cesar Valmor , Valgas Ricardo Alexandre , Lima Ana Claúdia Rodrigues de
Published: September 2018

A viticultura na região de Pelotas vem ganhando espaço, principalmente entre os agricultores familiares que objetivam  diversificar a produção de área. Um dos entraves para a produção de uvas e a qualidade do solo o qual influencia na disponibilidade de nutrientes e no fornecimento de água a videira.  O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as relações existentes entre as variáveis da qualidade do solo e a uva em vinhedos localizados no município de Pelotas/RS, por meio da análise de correlação canônica. Foram avaliadas quatro áreas de vinhedos familiares. As coletas de solo foram realizadas em duas camadas, para a realização das análises: densidade do solo, porosidade total, diâmetro médio ponderado, carbono da biomassa microbiana, pH, capacidade de troca de cátions, saturação por bases, matéria orgânica e boro.Também foram coletadas amostras de uva para a realização da análise das variáveis: pH do mosto da fruta e sólidos solúveis totais. Os resultados indicaram que a matéria orgânica e a porosidade total foram as variáveis do solo que apresentaram maior correlação com as variáveis da uva. O pH foi a variável da uva que mais se correlacionou com as variáveis da qualidade do solo.
AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DO TOURO E DA CONDIÇÃO CORPORAL NA TAXA DE PRENHEZ DE VACAS SUBMETIDAS AO PROTOCOLO DE INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO
Authors: Farias Lucas Balinhas , De Freitas João Ricardo Pacheco , Brauner Cássio Cassal
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da condição corporal de 3 e 3,5 e do impacto do desempenho de touros na taxa de prenhez de vacas da raça Braford lactantes criadas em campo nativo submetidas a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Para isso, foram selecionas de um rebanho comercial 216 vacas da raça Braford, multíparas e lactantes com escore de condição corporal (ECC) de 3,0 e 3,5, as quais foram submetidas ao mesmo protocolo de IATF. As vacas foram aleatoriamente designadas à inseminação com um dos dois touros (A e B) em avaliação no presente estudo. O diagnóstico de gestação de 30 dias após a inseminação artificial foi realizado através de exame ultrassonográfico. Não foi observado qualquer efeito, tanto do touro quanto do ECC, sob a taxa de prenhez das vacas, porém, foi possível observar que a porcentagem de animais vazios foi relativamente alta (ECC 3,0 = 71,6%; ECC 3,5= 72%). Não foi observado efeito do ECC e do touro sobre a taxa de prenhez de vacas Braford submetidas à IATF.
PRINCIPAIS ATIVIDADES DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: ASPECTOS PRODUTIVOS E COMERCIAIS
Authors: Lima Allison Ferreira de , Firmino Salenilda Soares , Miranda Maria Vivianne Freitas Gomes de , Leite Hélia Maria de Souza , Assis Ana Paula Pinheiro de , Lima Patrícia De Oliveira
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivos identificar e analisar as principais atividades da agricultura familiar, considerando os aspectos produtivos e comerciais em diferentes municípios do Rio Grande do Norte. Realizou-se o levantamento dos dados em 29 propriedades rurais, distribuídas nos municípios de Rodolfo Fernandes, Mossoró e Itaú, o estudo exploratório se deu através de questionários estruturados de natureza quali-quantitativos aplicados por técnicos do Projeto Sertão Empreendedor. Os resultados demonstraram que a bovinocultura leiteira possui maior difusão dentre as atividades produtivas observadas. Grande parte dos sistemas de produção (72,41%) possuem apenas uma cultura ou um ramo produtivo. A maior parte desses agricultores (93,10%) possuem disposição tanto para participar de rodadas de negócios, como de vendas para programas governamentais, gerando um novo cenário de interesses. A forma de comercialização predominante é a individual, porém há o interesse em participar de associações. Existe efetivamente potencial produtivo de vários produtos agrícolas e pecuários na região estudada, bem como a demanda para o associativismo ou cooperativismo, seja para produção ou comercialização de produtos.
INFLUÊNCIA DO SUBSTRATO E DA LUMINOSIDADE NA INFECÇÃO DE NEMATOIDES ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS EM Galleria mellonella (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Brida Andressa Lima de , Wilcken Silvia Renata Siciliano , Leite Luis Garrigós
Published: September 2018

Nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) são alternativas eficientes para o controle de pragas. O emprego de novas técnicas da produção in vivo, permite o progresso da tecnologia de formulação de bioinseticidas. O objetivo do trabalho, foi avaliar a influência da luminosidade e do substrato na capacidade de infecção de juvenis infectantes (JIs) de Steinernema brazilense IBCBn 06, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCBn 02, Steinernema feltiae IBCBn 47 e Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCBn 24 em lagartas de Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. As parcelas, constituídas por placa de Petri com, substrato-areia e substrato-papel filtro, com e sem luminosidade, inoculados com suspensão de 1,5 mL contendo 400JIs e quatro lagartas de G. mellonella. O número de JIs foi quantificado após a mortalidade das lagartas. A taxa de infecção de JIs de S. carpocapsae IBCBn 02 e S. feltiae IBCBn 47 variaram de 2,14 a 3,28 e de 11,04 a 13,09 JIs/lagarta. O substrato-areia com e sem luminosidade permitiu a maior taxa de infeção dos JIs de S. brazilense IBCBn 06 de 7,86 e 9,44 JIs/lagarta, e 13,49 JIs/lagarta com luminosidade para H. amazonensis IBCBn 24. O substrato-areia, permite a maior taxa de infecção por JIs de NEPs.
EFICIÊNCIA DE COBERTURAS TERMORREFLETORAS E DIFUSORAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ALFACE SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES DOSES DE CAMA DE AVIÁRIO
Authors: Katayama Renato Shiguemi , Gonçalves Gustavo Kruger , Caleffi Henrique Vizzotto , Sarturi Jonathan Ernesto Costa , Vieira Carla Tais Rodrigues , Mendes Francielly Baroni , Pozzebon Nathalia Joughard
Published: September 2018

Os fatores edafoclimáticos exercem efeitos revelantes na produtividade da alface. A utilização do ambiente protegido propícia reduzir os estresses pelos excessos de temperaturas ou precipitações. Além disso, para suprir as deficiências nutricionais, tem sido intensificado a utilização de adubos orgânicos os quais apresentam um baixo custo comercial em relação aos adubos químicos. Em função do exposto, o trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento da alface, submetida a um experimento fatorial 3x5, onde foram testados os seguintes fatores e seus respectivos níveis: a) Ambiente protegido: com dois tipos de coberturas termorrefletoras e uma cobertura difusora; b) Doses de cama de aviário: 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 Mg ha-1. As caraterísticas das plantas avaliadas foram as seguintes: o diâmetro, o número de folhas e a massa fresca. No solo foi avaliada a temperatura. Os resultados demonstraram que a cobertura com PEBD apresentou maior temperatura do solo, diâmetro de cabeça, número de folhas e produtividade fresca quando comparadas as demais coberturas. Houve uma resposta quadrática das variáveis analisadas a doses de cama de aviário utilizadas. Conclui-se que o cultivo de alface responde a adubação de cama de aviário sendo mais produtivo com a utilização da cobertura de PEBD.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA RESISTÊNCIA DE PLANTAS NO CONTROLE DE OÍDIO: UM LEVANTAMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE SOJA NO BRASIL
Authors: Brasil Suane De Oliveira Souza , Marques Laís Dieb Lima , Silva Regimara Francisca Bernardo da , Freitas Diana Carolina Lima , Soardi Karina
Published: September 2018

A cultura da soja tomou posse de grandes áreas de produção agrícola no Brasil. É considerada uma cultura de grande expressão econômica, movimentando, inclusive, mercados internacionais. Entretanto, essa commodity é acometida por várias patologias de ordem fúngica, sendo o oídio uma das principais doenças encontradas nas áreas produtivas. Em geral, a principal e mais eficaz forma de controle dessa doença, é com o uso cultivares resistentes. Contudo, apesar de toda a importância dessa cultura para as lavouras brasileiras, é possível perceber que muitas áreas de plantios não são contempladas com plantas resistentes de forma suficiente, sendo a ineficácia de controle fitossanitário um dos principais fatores de diminuição na produtividade das lavouras de soja. Dessa forma, foi realizado um levantamento das cultivares registradas, em uso, que constam no Portfólio de Sistema Convencional da Embrapa Soja, sendo constatado que apenas três cultivares são consideradas resistentes a oídio. Dessa forma, conhecendo o contexto evolutivo da doença, foi possível verificar que a quantidade de cultivares registradas não acompanham a magnitude da doença.Palavras-chave: Glycine max L; fitossanidade; resistência genética; cultivares.
GRUPOS DE MULHERES EM ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS DO TERRITÓRIO RURAL PROF. CORY/ANDRADINA: ALGUNS DESAFIOS E CONQUISTAS
Authors: Silva Flaviana Cavalcanti , Sant'Ana Antonio Lázaro , Maia Ana Heloisa
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho compreende uma análise focada na atuação e repercussão de dez grupos de mulheres, organizados em assentamentos rurais localizados na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, a partir do levantamento de questões pertinentes, principalmente, à mobilização e articulação das atrizes sociais em torno destas organizações. Com base em uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, tem-se um trabalho de caráter exploratório-descritivo, no qual foram empregados, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários; sendo pesquisadas 28 mulheres, pertencentes a dez projetos de assentamentos rurais, distribuídos entre cinco municípios do Território Rural Prof. Cory/Andradina. Além de aspectos pautados na sociabilidade, foram reveladas conquistas materiais, explicitadas como produto da luta que envolve os coletivos; entretanto, a análise apontou aspectos que denotam a vulnerabilidade dos grupos estudados, ressaltando que estes (ainda) não se consolidaram, efetivamente, como espaços de mobilização e luta e que suas atuações se mantêm dependentes de intervenções externas. Observou-se a importância de intervenções que reconheçam a pertinência dos coletivos estudados dentro da perspectiva do empoderamento feminino, com esforços focados na agricultura sustentável e no fortalecimento das mulheres assentadas (também) como sujeitos políticos, considerando-se a ótica do desenvolvimento rural sustentável, que se mostra incompatível com a desigualdade de gênero.
MULTIPLICAÇÃO IN VITRO DO PORTA-ENXERTO DE MACIEIRA G.202
Authors: Arruda Ana Luiza , Santos da Silva Pricila , Grimaldi Fernanda , Richter Adrik Francis , Rufato Leo , Kretzschmar Aike Anneliese
Published: September 2018

Em virtude da crescente disponibilidade de materiais genéticos de porta-enxertos de macieira com características agronômicas superiores, faz-se necessária a multiplicação massal destes para estudos e possível substituição dos porta-enxertos atuais. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a multiplicação in vitro do porta-enxerto de macieira G.202, através da utilização de diferentes meios de cultura, bem como, em um experimento independente, avaliar diferentes concentrações de BAP. O experimento foi realizado em laboratório na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina – Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV/UDESC) na cidade de Lages/SC em 2017. No primeiro experimento foram estudados três meios de cultura (Adams, QL modificado e MS), além de quatro concentrações de BAP (0; 0,25; 0,5 e 1,0 mg.L-1) no segundo estudo. As maiores médias para comprimento médio de brotações (2,37 cm), número de folhas (117,8), número de brotações (29,2) e comprimento da maior brotação (3,8 cm) foram obtidas com a utilização do meio Adams, sendo que para as duas últimas variáveis mencionadas, o cultivo dos explantes em meio Adams não diferiu estatisticamente do meio MS. A dose de BAP que proporcionou o maior número de brotações foi 0,25 mg.L-1 (11,25). Para a multiplicação in vitro do porta-enxerto de macieira G.202 recomenda-se o cultivo em meio Adams acrescido de 0,25 mg.L-1 de BAP.
TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES COM MALATHION E QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE ARROZ
Authors: Gularte Jonas Albandes , Rosa Thais D'avila , Medeiros Diego Cardoso , Prates Jeferson Furtado , Almeida Andréia Da Silva , Panozzo Luís Eduardo
Published: September 2018

A cultura do arroz é uma das mais importantes no Brasil, sendo base para alimentação da população e fonte de renda para produtores. A produtividade vem crescendo ao longo das décadas, em especial pela adoção de tecnologias, dentre elas o controle de plantas daninhas por herbicidas seletivos ao arroz. O uso de protetores no tratamento de sementes permite o aumento da dosagem do herbicida aplicado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do inseticida organofosforado malathion como protetor de sementes de arroz cultivar IRGA 424. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e seis doses de tratamento de sementes (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 300 ml/100 kg de sementes). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, por meio de regressão não linear. Foram analisados os testes de emergência de plântulas, massa seca de plântulas e germinação em teste de frio. O tratamento de sementes independentemente da dosagem interferiu negativamente na qualidade fisiológica de sementes, não sendo recomendado o uso de Malathion como protetor de sementes de arroz cultivar IRGA 424.
SURFACE QUALITY SUPPORT IN METAL PRODUCTS AT COMPLEX METHODS OF PROCESSING
Authors: Иноземцев Виталий , Inozemtsev Vitaliy , Крукович Марат , Krukovich Marat
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the work consists in the investi-gation of the process of the properties required and shaping control possibilities obtaining by a surface.

It is well-known that a shaping process affects a factor quantity particularly in the course of complex methods of processing. And at the same time a consi-derably important factor is also a preliminary state of a surface since a final result of processing depends upon a totality of all factors. The time alignment of anode dissolution process with a blade treatment and a chem-ical reaction process on the surface under working dur-ing processing allows forming different conditions for shaping. The study of machining conditions impact upon quality of a surface layer in parts allows defining optimum cutting parameters and increasing operation properties of many parts. Conclusion: surface quality is affected not only by basic factors such as tool geometry, kinematics of a tool displacement, oscillations impact due to the level of technological system rigidity, plastic deformations in a cutting area conditioned on force effects of a cut-ting process, tool surface roughness, cutting speed, electrolyte concentration and electric circuit voltage, processing time and a temperature in a cutting area, but also physical-mechanical properties of a near-surface layer up to finishing, and also an alignment degree of different shaping methods and their impact intensity.
Can You Really Measure That? Combining Critical Race Theory and Quantitative Methods
Authors: Sablan Jenna R.
Published: September 2018

Critical race theory (CRT) has been used in educational literature to emphasize the influence of racism on educational opportunity and the assets of students of color. Quantitative methods appear antithetical to CRT tenets according to some, but this article endeavors to show why this is not the case, based on both historical and contemporary notions. To build this argument, the author presents results from an empirical study that used data from a survey of undergraduates and measurement theory to quantify students’ community cultural wealth, a CRT framework that describes the cultural assets of communities of color. The author concludes with recommendations for incorporating quantitative methods into future CRT studies.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, SKEPTISME PROFESIONAL AUDITOR DAN TEKANAN ANGGARAN WAKTU TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN AUDIT INVESTIGASI
Authors: Muslim Muslim
Published: September 2018

Hasil pemeriksaan terhadap laporan keuangan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan adalah sebuahtopik yang menarik untuk dibahas ketika pemberitaan pada tribun regional sulawesi (Jumat, 12Juni 2015) mengemukakan bahwa Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan merupakan satu-satunya provinsiyang mendapatkan gelar WTP (Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian) selama 5 tahun berturut-turut. Disisilain selama 5 tahun terakhir kasus korupsi yang ada di Sulawesi Selatan semakin banyak terjadi.Opini audit WTP oleh BPK ditengah banyaknya kasus korupsi menjadi pertanyaan tersendiri terkaitkinerja profesionalisme seorang auditor. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposivesampling, yakni sebanyak 47 responden, analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linearberganda dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 16.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1)Kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan audit investigasi,2) Skeptisme Profesional Auditor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap efektivitaspelaksanaan audit investigasi, 3) Tekanan Anggaran Waktu berpengaruh negatif dan signifikanterhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan audit investigasi.
The Role of Gesture as Simulated Action in Reinterpretation of Mental Imagery
Authors: Kamermans Kevin Leander , Pouw Wim , Fassi Luisa , Aslanidou Asimina , Paas Fred , Hostetter Autumn
Published: September 2018

In the current confirmatory study, we conducted two experiments that examined the role of gesture in reinterpreting a mental image. In the first experiment, we observed that participants gestured more about figures they had learned through manual exploration than about figures they had learned through vision. Experiment 2 investigated whether such gestures have a causal role in affecting the quality of mental imagery by manipulating participants’ gesture activity.
Experts warn Nepal Government not to reduce local public health spending
Authors: Simkhada P. , Teijlingen E. , Simkhada B. , Regmi P. , Aryal N. , Marahatta S.B.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):1-3
Experience of sexual harassment in public transport among female health science students: A cross sectional study of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Mishra D. , Lamichhane J.
Published: September 2018

Background: Sexual harassment on public transport is an everyday occurrence for millions of girls and women around the globe. With the skyrocketing population of Kathmandu valley public transport has been facing enormous pressure. The major victims of these harassments happens to be college going girls and working women as they tend to travel more in public transports. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors responsible for sexual harassment in public transport among female health science students.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 396 female health science students studying in Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences using self-administered structured questionnaire. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling method.Results: The prevalence of sexual harassment among female health science students was found to be 79.6%. Physical harassment was the most prominent type of harassment (67.1%) followed by verbal (61.2%) and non verbal 34.6%. After the experience of sexual harassment, 44.6% scolded the harasser, 29.1% kept silent, 17.3% dropped at nearest bus station whereas remaining 9% reacted in other different ways. Overcrowding was considered as main reason for sexual harassment by 69.2% of the participants. 36.8% of female students didn’t use any precautionary methods whereas 32.6% avoided going out alone at night.Conclusion: The study reveals that the prevalence of sexual harassment is significantly high. With increasing population and limited vehicles people are left with no option rather than travelling in the overcrowded vehicles where the chances of experiencing various sorts of sexual harassments are very high. In order to address this emerging issue, prompt and appropriate intervention should be taken by government, public and especially the status of women must be raised in society.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):20-32
Generic prescribing, brand and generic substitution, availability and cost effectiveness of the available medicines
Authors: Khanal D.P. , Adhikari P. , Chapagain S. , Rayamajhi S. , Nakarmi S. , Adhikari B.
Published: September 2018

Background: Pharmaceuticals play a key role in the prevention and treatment of disease. The worldwide availability of effective, safe and affordable pharmaceuticals is a key challenge for the global public health system. Large economic interests are at stake within the field of pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical sales are existed as trade in many part of developing world including Nepal. At the same time, consumers (patients) are at mercy and unable to judge the quality, safety and, in many cases, the efficacy of the medicine, as well as whether the price is reasonable or not. They depend on others for assured quality medicines. Objective of this study was to find out the prescription written in generic name, availability of generic medicine in hospital pharmacy and outside pharmacy and cost effectiveness of brand –generic substitution in Manmohan Memorial Hospital Premises, Shyombu Kathmandu.Methods: All relevant information of brand-generic medicines and generic prescribing were recorded from the patient chart stored at medical record department except orthopedic department. In Orthopedic department, OPD prescriptions were recorded. Hospital pharmacy and outside pharmacy have been audited for the availability of generic medicines. Face to face interview with pharmacists in hospital and Drug Retailers were taken regarding the medicine available in generic name and medicine substitution. The recorded data were analyzed.Results: Only 298 out of 5120 medicines were found in generic name mostly from medical department, 215 medicines out of 812 medicines. There was no any single generic prescription in orthopedic department. In the hospital pharmacy and outside pharmacy have very few generic medicines. So no question of brand substitution by generic here. Mostly some large volume parental were available in generic names.Conclusion: Only 5.82 % of medicines were prescribed in generic name. Concerns over the therapeutic equivalence of branded products and generics are common amongst physicians, pharmacists and industries of course.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):33-42
Cost and generic prescription analysis of psychotropic prescriptions in psychiatric OPD of a rural tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Wagle L. , Kumaraswamy M. , Bajracharya M.
Published: September 2018

Background: There is increased interest on cost utilisation of psychotropic drugs in recent years. Objective of this study was to perform cost and generic prescription analysis of psychotropics in psychiatric outpatient department at tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This was cross sectional, observational and uni-centric study of 6 month duration which was performed at Psychiatric Outpatient Department at one of the tertiary care hospital, Karnataka India. Cost analysis of prescriptions containing at least one psychotropic drug was performed based on cost/defined daily dose method from hospital perspective. Direct drug cost of psychiatric illness per day and pattern of generic prescribing were also studied. The data was analysed & summarised as mean, frequency, percentage (%), standard deviation (SD), and chi square test( at 95% confidence level) as appropriate using Microsoft excel and Graph Pad InStat statistical software.Results: We observed 15 different types of psychotropics among 101 prescriptions that was reviewed. Most expensive psychotropic was Divalproex whereas Clonazepam was the cheapest one. Most money was spent by hospital on Sertraline (24.19%) and least on Lithium (1.92%). Most expensive therapeutic categories were antidepressants (32.39%) followed by mood stabilisers (27.06%), antipsychotics (24.77%) and sedative/hypnotics (15.76%). Among different antidepressants; Amitriptyline was cheaper option and Mirtazepine was expensive. Likewise Quetiapine was expensive and Risperidone was cheaper among antipsychotics. Zolpidem and Divalproex were expensive sedative/hypnotic and mood stabilisers respectfully. Most expensive psychiatric illness was found to be bipolar disorder (Rs 20.53±12.84). 19 out of 147 were prescribed with generic names.Conclusion: The cost burden due to psychiatric drugs is high. Expensive and cheaper psychotropic for psychiatric OPD were Divalproex and Clonazepam respectively. Expensive therapeutic category was found to be antidepressants. From hospital perspective much money was spent on Sertraline and less on Lithium respectively. Similarly high cost of illness was observed in bipolar disorder and less in dissociative disorder. Generic name prescribing is very less.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):43-54
A retrospective study of poisoning cases in Manmohan Memorial Teaching Hospital
Authors: Bajracharya M. , Khadka P. , Wagle L.
Published: September 2018

Background: Poisoning is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nepal and also a major public health problem worldwide. It needs specific epidemiological surveillance to determine the extent and pattern of poisoning of a place, and to take preventive measures. Hence this study is aimed to explore the demographic, etiological, and clinical characteristics of poisoning cases of MMTH and to assess the effect of variables such as age, sex, and agent of poisoning frequency.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, unicentric and semi-quantitative study was conducted in a year of 2074 at Manmohan memorial teaching hospital after institution review committee approval in customised data collection form. Data from Baishakh 2070 (April 2013) to Kartik 2074 (October 2017) were reviewed. The data was entered in SPSS 16 version for analysis.Result: Among 144 patients, poisoning was common among people from the age group of 15-25 years and 26-40 years. The females were more vulnerable than male. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4. Married females (32%) and married males (31%) were more vulnerable than unmarried ones. Poisoning incidence was found more during night (40.3%) and midnight (18.80%). 81.2% of poisoning cases were found with suicidal intention. Organophosphorous poisoning was abundant with 75 cases.Conclusion: This study reveals that OP poisoning is most common for self-harm with females and young at more risk. Therefore, awareness among youths is a must.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):55-65
Traditional healing practice in Rajbanshi and Satar Community of Jhapa, Nepal
Authors: Raut B. , Khanal D.P. , Kharel A.
Published: September 2018

Background: Jhapa is the easternmost district of Nepal and lies in Terai plains. Traditional healing system in Nepal has strong cultural and religious background. It exists in different ways such as ethnic or tribal group, ritual or ceremonial practices. In Nepal, traditional healers believe that the disease causing factors are not only the germ theory related but also the spiritual belief. As the census of 2011, there are eight densely populated indigenous ethnic communities including Satar and Rajbansi in Jhapa. The traditional healers of these communities with their indigenous knowledge serve the local people since time immemorial. The main objective of this research work was to find the traditional healing practice in Rajbanshi and Satar community of Jhapa, district, Nepal.Methods: The areas were visited from June 2017 to September 2017. A cross sectional study was performed to collect the information through semi structured questionnaires and face to face interviews with the traditional healers of Satar and Rajbanshi community. All together 20 locally reputed traditional healers, 10 from each community were selected.Results: Spiritual based five healing techniques and/or approaches, Phukphak, Tantrik Puja, Bali, Jantar-mantar and kul bigreko, used by traditional healers were explored. Moreover, 41 plant species belonged to 29 families were found to be used for the treatment of 22 common illnesses. 6 different dosage forms were used to prepare 28 traditional formulations.Conclusion: Spiritual based five healing techniques and/or approaches were used by traditional healers on this locality. We also identified different medicinal plant species that were used in different traditional formulation used by such healers.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):103-116
Orexin Receptor Competitive Antagonists: A Novel target of the Sedative and hypnotics drugs for the pharmacotherapy of Insomnia
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit
Published: September 2018

Orexins are peptide neurotransmitters which are produced in the lateral and posterior part of the hypothalamus in the brain. There are two Orexin receptors which has been identified till date viz. Orexin 1 (OX  1) and Orexin 2 (OX 2 receptor).
Error Analysis in Using Passive Voice
Authors: Yasim Sukmawati , Hasnawiah Hasnawiah , Roni Roni
Published: September 2018

This research scrutinizes find out To find out the student’s error in using passive voice at the Students of MA DDI Banua. The Objectives of the study are: (1) to obtain and identify the common error made by students in constructing Passive voice in Simple past tense and (2) to obtain the causes of errors in constructing Passive voice in simple past tense. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. In collecting data, the writer used 3 (three) types of techniques: Observation, interview and test. This research was carried out the students of MA DDI Banua. The population of the research are the students of MA DDI Banua in Academic year 2015/2016 with total number was 79 and Sample of the research will be taken by using random sampling technique. The researcher take language class since the researcher would like to know the students’ ability in language class about passive voice. The sample is from class XI with consist of 18 students. Based on the finding and discussion, the researcher concludes the highest until the lowest frequency and the percentage of errors made by students derives from Information of Passive Verb The writer gave a 20-item highest until the lowest frequency and the percentage of errors made by students derives from global error with 231 errors or 84.61%, local error with 42 errors or 15.39% and the highest until the lowest frequency and the percentage of errors in Information Error made by students derives from Verb 3 (196 errors or 40.55%), Object Pronoun (49 errors or 13.61%), Subject – Object (87 errors or 24.16%), Be (78 errors or 16.11).
Blindness As Observed In Kathmandu
Authors: Prasad L N , Upadhyaya M P
Published: September 2018

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Quackary in Modern Medicine
Authors: Editor JNMA
Published: September 2018

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Common Goitre
Authors: Editor JNMA
Published: September 2018

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The Diagnosis And treatment Of Tuberculous meningitis Complicated With hydrocephalus In Children
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
INCIDENCE OF ACUTE ABDOMINAL DISEASES IN THE CASES OPERATED IN EMERGENCY IN BIR HOSPITAL
Authors: Khatry T B , Gongol D N
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 in Neplease Perspective
Authors: Paudyal B P
Published: September 2018

The Bone and Joint Decade is a worldwide multi-disciplinary initiative targeting the care of people with musculoskeletal disorders. It focuses on improving the quality of life of these people through advances in the understanding and treatment through education, research, and prevention strategies. Though the epidemiological data in Nepal are very scanty, worldwide statistics have shown that musculoskeletal conditions represent more than half of all chronic diseases, and are the most common cause of severe long-term pain and disability. There is acute shortage of specialist manpower that care for people with these disorders. Furthermore the teaching in musculoskeletal disorders in health institutions is very minimal. All of these problems highlight the need for expanding the teaching of musculoskeletal disorders at all levels of medical education; promotion of clinical research; improving diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitative facilities; and implementation of preventive strategies to reduce the burden of these chronic debilitating conditions in the society.

Keywords: bone and joint decade, musculoskeletal and rheumatic diseases, Nepal.
Hydrocephalus In Tuberculosis Meningitis In Children
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

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Ischaemic Heart Disease
Authors: Mahajan K R
Published: September 2018

NA
Medical Council
Authors: Editor JNMA
Published: September 2018

NA
SAMPLE SURVEY OF INTESTINAL HELMINTHIASIS IN THE VALLEY OF SURKHET
Authors: Shakya Hem N
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A CASE OF CHOLEDOCHOASCARIASIS
Authors: Sharma A K
Published: September 2018

Abstract
NEOSTIGMINE IN THE NEUROPARALYTIC EFFECTS OF SNAKE BITE
Authors: Pandey A K , Singh A N , Sinha B N
Published: September 2018

Abstract
URINARY CALCULUS IN NEPAL
Authors: Sharma A K , Shrestha H G
Published: September 2018

Abstract
ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS PYOGENES
Authors: Joshi D M , Vaidya B B
Published: September 2018

Abstract
मुलुकी ऐन-इलाज गर्नेको महल १२
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Nepal Medical Council Act, 1964
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Bedside Diagnosis Of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Miller Edgar R
Published: September 2018

NA
Tzanakis Score vs Alvarado in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Sigdel G , Lakhey PJ , Misra PR
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION: 

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. Accurate diagnosis and timely intervention reduces mortality and morbidity. This study compared the efficacy of Tzanakis and Alvarado score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

METHODS:

A prospective, non randomized study was conducted in 100 consecutive patients who had undergone emergency appendectomy from May 2008 to October 2008. Tzanakis and Alvarado scores were obtained at the time of admission. Final diagnosis of acute appendicitis was based on histological findings.

RESULTS:

The sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy of Tzanakis score was 91.48% and 66.66% and 90% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado score was 81.91% and 66.66% and 81% respectively. Negative appendectomy rate was 6%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tzanakis score is an effective modality to establish the accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Keywords: acute appendicities, Tzanakis score, Alvarado Score.
Strictly for Practitioners
Authors: Editorial JNMA
Published: September 2018

NA
Alcoholism
Authors: Editorial JNMA
Published: September 2018

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A case of Vesical Calculus
Authors: Sharma Anjani Kumar , Bhattacharya S K
Published: September 2018

NA
Prophylaxis of Tetanus-I
Authors: Ellis M
Published: September 2018

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The Prophylaxis of Tetanus- II
Authors: Sharrard W J.W
Published: September 2018

NA
March Of Medicine
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

1. Pigmentation due to Phenothiazines. Santove A. JAMA 1965, 191. 263.2. Paterson-Kelly Syndrome in Adolescence. Crawfurd M.D'A; Jacobs A; Murphy B; Peters D.K. Brit. med. J. 1965, 1, 693.3. Allergy to Penicillin. Van Arsdel P.P. JNMA 1965, 191. 2384. Gluten-sensitive Enteropathy and Eczema. Friedman M. Hare P.J. Lancet 1965, i, 5215. Jaundice wiht Oral Contraceptive. Culberg G., Lundstrom R, Stenram U. Brit. med. J. 1965, I, 695.
Recent Advances in Chemotherapy of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Sen P K
Published: September 2018

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Revisiting Appendicular Lump
Authors: Bhandari R S , Thakur DK , Singh KP
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Appendicular lump is a well known sequalae of acute appendicitis encountered in 2-6% of patients. Successful management of appendicular lump is controversial with different approaches. As many controversies are arising regarding management of appendicular lump. The aim of this study was to find out the outcome and evaluate possible need of changing our management strategy of appendicular lump.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of the patients managed with appendicular lump were done. All the patients admitted with diagnosis of appendicular lump and managed between, over two and half years, were included in the study. All age groups and both sex were included. Any patients whose diagnosis was changed after initial diagnosis of appendicular lump were excluded from the study.

RESULTS:

Total 75 patients had appendicular lump suggesting 10% incidence. Age varied between 11-83 years with nearly equal incidence in both sexes. Majority had onset of symptoms between 2 to 14 days with an average of 4 days. Average stay was 3 to 4 days. During study period, 12 (16%) came with recurrence and 13 (17%) cases came for elective appendectomy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on our finding, it is not sufficient to change our classical management strategy of appendicular lump and suggests a need for long term prospective study in this very common clinical condition. 

KEYWORDS: appendicular lump, conservative management.
Vesicoureteric Reflux With Chronic Pyelonephritis A Brief Survey And Case Report
Authors: Bahadur Shankar
Published: September 2018

NA
Smallpox Control Act- 2020 B.S. (1964)
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

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Oral Steroid Contraceptives
Authors: Mason A S
Published: September 2018

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Useful Therapy To Remember: Therapy After Partial Gastrectomy
Authors: Jones J.E Lennard
Published: September 2018

NA
Study Of Hypertension in Nepalese and its treatment
Authors: Pahari S K , Satyal P K , Acharya I L
Published: September 2018

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New Direction In Medicine
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Needs of reorientation in the field of Tuberculosis
Authors: Das G.S. L
Published: September 2018

NA
Letter to Editor
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Hazards of High Blood Uric Acid
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Organ Transplantation
Authors: Editor JNMA
Published: September 2018

NA
Medical Literature And Knowledge
Authors: Editor JNMA
Published: September 2018

NA
Fourth All Nepal Medical Conference
Authors: Editor JNMA
Published: September 2018

NA
NEONATAL MORTALITY IN NEPAL
Authors: Boomgaars Mona R
Published: September 2018

Abstract
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE SPINE IN NEPAL
Authors: Gould W M
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A Study Of The Haematologic Aspects Of Pregnancy At The Bir Hospital
Authors: Gurung S , Adams W H
Published: September 2018

NA
Pre Ans Post-Operative Care Of Amputee
Authors: Malla M M
Published: September 2018

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MOTHER AND CHILD- THE MAIN CONCERN OF THE SOVIET MEDICINE
Authors: Valentina Jedotova
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Some Cancer Cases
Authors: Prasai B R
Published: September 2018

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SOME OBSERVATIONS ON 'UTERINE PROLAPSE' IN WESTERN NEPAL
Authors: Watson Ruth A
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Lipid Profile in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Pant P , Hamal PK , Gurung D , Subedi K
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Lipid profile is changing with changing developmental status and lifestyle in less developed countries and coronary artery disease risk factor is rising. The aim of the study is to find the lipid pattern in Department of Medicine in tertiary care hospital.

METHODS:

An observational prospective study was conducted in 408 subjects from January 2009 to February 2010. Study subjects were selected irrespective of co-morbid condition and coronary risk factors.

RESULTS:

The mean triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL were 138.3 +/- 78.3 mg/dl, 180.2 +/- 53.7 mg/dl, 113.8 +/- 41.2 mg/dl, 40.1 +/- 10.1 mg/dl respectively. The Triglycerides (>140 mg/dl), Cholesterol (>250 mg/dl), LDL (>92 mg/dl), HDL (<45mg/dl) were 35.5%, 7.6%, 67.9%, 76% respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Lipid profile is becoming atherogenic with high triglyceride, high LDL and low HDL being the most common abnormality. An epidemiological study is recommended to understand the true burden of the disease in the community. 

KEYWORDS: atherogenic, cholestrol, coronary artery diseases, lipid profile, triglyceride.
National Health - The Task Ahead
Authors: Dixit Hemang
Published: September 2018

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Markel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wallis S , Durham-hall A , Tondon N , Brotherstone TM , Shrestha BM
Published: September 2018

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive neuroendocrine tumour of the skin with high rate of local recurrence and distant metastatic potential leading to poor outcomes. Merkel cells are normally found as innervated clusters of cells around hair follicles in the basal layer of the epidermis and are thought to function as touch receptors. Here, we describe a case of MCC in a 71-year-old female and provide an up-to-date review of the literature pertinent to the management of MCC.

KEYWORDS: merkell cell carcinoma, diagnosis, imunohistochemistry, management.
MATERNAL NIGHT BLINDNESS IN NEPAL : HEALTH RISKS AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Khatry SK , Christian P , Shrestha SB , Shrestha SR , Padhan E Kimbough , LeClerq SC , Pokhrel RP , West KP Jr
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
BEGINNING OF OPEN HEART SURGERY PROGRAMME IN NEPAL
Authors: Koirala B
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
UTILITY OF ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMISTRY IN CLINICAL REALITY OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Baral N , Puri D
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Our Problem
Authors: Editorial JNMA
Published: September 2018

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Antimalaria Activities in Nepal
Authors: Jung Rana K
Published: September 2018

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Recent Advances in the Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Agrawal Chandra Shekhar
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Thalassaemia
Authors: Adams William H
Published: September 2018

NA
A Short Report On The Diseases Pattern Observed Over Six Months Period In A ReCently Established Children's Hospital From June 1970 To December 1970
Authors: Shrestha Y B , Pradhna Indira
Published: September 2018

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Some Aspects Of Amoebic Liver Abscess
Authors: Pahari S K
Published: September 2018

NA
Diagnostic Value Of Microfilariae Search In Hydrocoele Fluid (A negative report)
Authors: Jestes M G , Wood F , Mack G J
Published: September 2018

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Surgical Manifestation Of Filariasis
Authors: Sharma A K
Published: September 2018

NA
History of Smallpox
Authors: Shrestha P N
Published: September 2018

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A Case Of Amoebic Liver Abscess Presenting As Haemoptysis.
Authors: Manandhar Durga Prashad , Amatya Chattra
Published: September 2018

NA
Top Twelve In Paediatrics In Nepal
Authors: Rajbhandari P L , Singh D L
Published: September 2018

NA
Use of Cardioversion In The Treatment Of Ventricular Tachycardai: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Santosh Man
Published: September 2018

NA
Sutureless Cataract Surgery without Phacoemulsification
Authors: Dhital S P , Alatkar A , Khan J , Spencer M , Miller S D
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Abortion: Summary of a Discussion at Shanta Bhavan
Authors: Author No
Published: September 2018

NA
Nepal Health Service
Authors: Editorial JNMA
Published: September 2018

NA
National Health Insurance Scheme
Authors: Bahadur Shankar
Published: September 2018

NA
The Challenge Of Tuberculosis In Nepal
Authors: Cunningham John , Rosedale Barney , Kelhe Gill
Published: September 2018

NA