bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcomes of Stroke Survivors after Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Program at a Tertiary University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Nshimiyimana Jacques , Sagahutu Jean Baptiste , Ndahiriwe Chance Christian , Rukundo Jean De Dieu , Abayisenga Oreste , Bizimungu Pascal , Mbonyumurerwa Peace , Niyitegeka Jean Claude
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAfter suffering from a stroke, serious long-term disability occurs and physiotherapy is one part of rehabilitation for stroke survivors that plays a significant role in improving functional recovery, mobility and has positive impact on outcome.ObjectiveTo identify functioning outcomes of stroke survivors after physiotherapy rehabilitation.MethodologyBy using both retrospective and cross-sectional study designs, 71 stroke cases were identified, and a Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was applied to score functioning outcomes. Data were managed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsThe findings showed that patients who received physiotherapy rehabilitation improved in activities of daily living (ADL). This was demonstrated by changes in the total MBI that were 0.72 ± 1.59 on admission and 15.3 ±4.89 on current status (after physiotherapy rehabilitation). However, some failed to achieve expected outcomes even though they received physiotherapy rehabilitation. This could be attributed to delayed onset, frequency and duration of rehabilitation.ConclusionStroke survivors after physiotherapy rehabilitation showed improvement in activities of daily living. Hypertension has been identified as the most influencing risk factor of stroke. Financial constraints were also identified for those who struggle to achieve the highest outcomes due to poor attendance at physiotherapy rehabilitation. Appropriate management of hypertension is necessary to reduce stroke; and facilitation of those under rehabilitation will improve their participation in the rehabilitation for better outcome.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):191-198
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women Attending a Public Health Facility in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Olaolu Olaniyan Olayinka , Olufunso Odewusi Odeyinka , Adeola Oyekanmi Bolape , Uchechukwu Joseph Gregory
Published: August 2023

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women has a high rate of vertical transmission and consequential effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in Osogbo, Nigeria.MethodologyThis hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care clinic between April and June 2021. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 240 pregnant women, their data were collected by face to face interview using a pretested questionnaire, while blood sample was collected aseptically to determine hepatitis B surface antigen by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test kit. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the association between explanatory variables and outcome variable.ResultsThe mean age and seroprevalence of the study population were 27.50 ± 4.4 years and 5.8% respectively. The significant risk factors for HBV infection were tattooing (aOR = 5.22; 95% CI = 0.52–8.01; p = 0.0000), history of multiple sexual partners (aOR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.92–12.42; p = 0.0044); and past history of contact with HBV patient (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.21–15.32; p = 0.0310) were significant predictors of HBV infection.ConclusionThe seroprevalence of HBV from this study was of intermediate endemicity. We therefore, advocate for continuous health education programs on the mode of HBV transmission, high-risk behaviors and methods of preventions at antenatal care clinics to raise the awareness of mothers and limit the spread of infection.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):199-207
Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status among Children Aged from Six to 23 Months in Western Province, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ilinde Niyigena Delice , Akurumuri Semayira Clemence , Mutabazi Moses , Ntirushwamaboko Naphtal , Habimana Jean de Dieu , Iyakaremye Damien , François Xavier Sunday
Published: August 2023

BackgroundRwandan children's nutritional status is characterized by higher undernutrition rates. Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) have a direct impact on how well-nourished youngsters under two years old are.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess feeding practices and nutritional status among children aged six to 23 months in Nyabihu district.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 164 households having children aged six to 23 months in December 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect infants' and young children's feeding practices. Using SPSS version 20.0, data were entered and analysed. Binary logistic regression was utilized to identify association between feeding practices and nutritional status.ResultsBreastfeeding initiation within the first hour of life was 94.5%, and exclusive breastfeeding was 79.9%. Complementary foods were given timely to 73.2% of children, 47.6% had minimum meal frequency (MMF), 23.2% had minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and 15.9% were fed a minimally acceptable diet (MAD). However, 4.3% of children were wasted, 6.7% were underweight, and 23.2% were stunted. There was no significant association when variables were passed to a binary logistic regression-adjusted model.ConclusionComplementary feeding practices remain suboptimal. These practices should be improved to sustain children's nutritional status.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):228-238
Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Associated Factors among Mothers in Karongi District, Rwanda
Authors: Nyirahirwa Francine , Tuyisenge Germaine , Nyiligira John , Habtu Michael
Published: August 2023

BackgroundExclusive breastfeeding is crucial for an infant’s growth and development. In Rwanda, 47% of rural children and 27% of urban children are stunted which could be linked to poor exclusive breastfeeding. Thus, this study was carried out to assess prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors in Karongi district of Rwanda.MethodA cross-sectional design was used involving 261 mothers with infants of 6 to 9 months selected systematically with an interval two as they came to the health facilities. The data were collected using structured questionnaire. The factors independently associated with exclusive breastfeeding were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 87.1%. Married mothers (AOR= 3.15; 95%CI = 1.07 – 9.28), protestant mothers (AOR= 0.15; 95%CI = 0.03 – 0.69), attending prenatal care (AOR= 19.87; 95%CI = 3.00 – 131.68), receiving postnatal care (AOR = 3.07; 95%CI = 1.31 – 7.21) and receiving breastfeeding counseling (AOR= 3.16; 95%CI = 1.03 – 9.69) were identified as independent factors associated with exclusively breastfeeding.ConclusionThe prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was high but with various healthcare service associated factors. Therefore awareness and appropriate behavior change communication strategies on exclusive breastfeeding should be encouraged during prenatal and postpartum care for optimum practice.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):123-134
Graduate Nurses’ Perception and Experiences of Assessment Feedback in Blended Learning Courses at the University of Rwanda
Authors: Uwimana Jean de Dieu , Mukama Evode
Published: August 2023

BackgroundConstructive assessment feedback is considered one of the learner-centred pillars in the blended learning mode.PurposeExplore graduate nurses’ perceptions and experiences on assessment feedback in blended learning courses.MethodologyQualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from 15 enrolled learners in a Master’s Programme of Nursing at the University of Rwanda. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Purposive sampling and thematic data analysis were use.FindingsEight females against seven male graduate nurses participated in this study, 67% worked in health facilities and 33% worked as lecturers in Bachelor of Nursing. The graduate nurses at the University of Rwanda perceived that lecturer in blended learning used different types of assessment feedback. They experienced the reception of assessment feedback through synchronised and asynchronised channels or via paper-based mode. Effective feedback is hindered by delays, inadequate digital infrastructure, and using marks as the only form of feedback. Accordingly, the graduate nurses perceived that learners’ preparedness and involvement in the assessment feedback process are critical to establishing and enhancing deep and lifelong learning.ConclusionThe findings revealed that different types of assessment feedback were used, while different ways were utilised to deliver assessment feedback; graduate nurses perceived and experienced that prompt and sandwich feedback are pillars of effective feedback to enhance blended learning for graduate learners.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):161-174
Prevalence of Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocytes among Malaria Positive Cases at Korogwe District Hospital: The Use of Molecular Techniques in Comparison with Light Microscopy
Authors: Urassa Aloyce P. , Kudra Mwanaidi P. , Kaaya Robert D. , Kajeguka Debora Charles , Mkumbaye Sixbert Isdory
Published: August 2023

BackgroundMonitoring gametocytes in the population can inform about the human infective reservoir, which greatly aids malaria transmission, and provide relevant data for transmission models. Using molecular techniques in preference to light microscopy to detect gametocytes may lead to most reliable results. Effective determination of gametocytes is inevitable to achieve the transmission-blocking interventions as a prime target to end malaria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes in malaria-positive cases from Korogwe district hospital MethodologyArchived DNA samples collected from Korogwe district hospital collected in a cross-sectional study were used to determine the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes using specific primers for cPCR targeting a Pfg27 gene. Demographic data, including blood slides data were retrieved from the database for statistical analysis. ResultsWith light microscopy, prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes was 9.8%; sensitivity and specificity were 35.6% and 99.2% respectively. The cPCR gave a prevalence of 25.9%, with a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 81.5%. The cPCR was diagnostically found to be significantly superior over light microscopy technique (X2=45.780, P < 0.001). ConclusioncPCR is superior to light microscopy technique in detecting P. falciparum gametocytes when one considers a successive malaria transmission-blocking intervention.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):175-183
Developing an Anatomy Unit in Rwanda: Overcoming Challenges
Authors: Gashegu J.
Published: August 2023

Rwanda, the historical background reveals that anatomy was introduced into the medical program 6 years after the beginning of medical education. The development of the clinical anatomy unit started in 2002. Initially, the anatomical specimen was collected from amputated limbs and body organs from an autopsy.Growing the field of anatomy in Rwanda has been a long journey guided by a constant commitment by the pioneers. The process was based on a guiding philosophy of delivering anatomy relevant to the clinical practice. The cadaver dissection practice is a gold standard for a challenging task. It needs strategies to build a system that facilitates the acquisition of cadavers, its processing, and the use and disposal of remains in human conditions. A law that regulates the use of human bodies, organs, and tissues in teaching and research was promulgated in 2010, and signed MoU on the supply of cadavers for teaching purposes with various hospitals in Rwanda.In 2020, the Society of Clinical Anatomy of Rwanda (S-CAR) was founded to promote the growth of anatomical sciences and create a community for anatomy in Rwanda. The regular organization of surgical anatomy dissection courses has positively impacted the surgical trainees’ skills and anatomy delivery. Despite the challenges, anatomy is alive in Rwanda, as testified to by the successful organization of the First Anatomy Annual Congress in October 2022.
Recurrent spontaneous abortion related to balanced translocation of chromosomes – A case report
Authors: Dukuze N. , Tuyishimire B. , Irere H. , Iradukunda B. , Ndinkabandi J. , Nsanzabaganwa C. , Mushingantahe J. , Mutesa L.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the 20th week of gestation. RSA is often idiopathic, but structural chromosomal abnormality is an important cause. An unbalanced karyotype in the conceptus of a couple when one partner has a structural chromosomal abnormality may result in failure to implant, miscarriage, or pregnancy of a fetus with an unbalanced karyotype.CASE PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of RSA associated with balanced translocation of chromosomes. a woman who had four spontaneous abortions, all pregnancy loss happened before 12 weeks of gestation, no other known chronic diseases reported to the family nor medications taken during pregnancy. The karyotype was 46.XX, t(13p,21p) The abnormal karyotype was not found in any other chromosomes. Further spectral karyotyping was performed to rule out the involvement of any other chromosomal aberrations present in the genome.The cytogenetic analysis of the husband revealed a normal karyotype 46.XY.CONCLUSION: Couples with more than three miscarriages should be referred to the genetist for chromosomal analysis for possible hereditary etiology and chromosomal abnormalities responsible for miscarriages to plan prenatal diagnostics and genetic counseling for subsequent pregnancies.
Video-tutelage on obstetric danger signs among spouses of antenatal mothers
Authors: Umaparvathi G. , Sharma S. , Manger P.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: During pregnancy, all antenatal women face the danger of death due to obstetrics entanglements. Spouse support is a must to reduce obstetric complications. This study assessed and educated the spouse of an antenatal mother’s knowledge level on obstetric danger signs in Vani Vilas hospital, Bangalore, India. METHODS: This evaluative study was conducted among 50 spouses of Antenatal mothers. The levels of knowledge were analyzed using pre- and post-education sessions.RESULTS: Before the intervention, 17 out of 50 subjects (34%) had adequate and moderately adequate knowledge; respectively, there was inadequate knowledge among 16 (32%) spouses. After the intervention, all the subjects, 50 (100%), had an adequate knowledge level. To evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness, a paired t-test was computed (t = 15.68 p < 0.05). Among 50 (88%), 44 had adequate knowledge, and 6 (12%) had moderately adequate knowledge during pre-test scores on danger signs in labor. Regarding puerperium danger signs, 19 (38%) of them had adequate knowledge, and 27 (54%) and 4 (8%) of them had moderately adequate and inadequate knowledge, respectively. In post-tests, 50 (100%) of them had adequate knowledge regarding danger signs during labor, and 40 (80%), and 10 (20%) of them, had adequate and moderately adequate knowledge regarding danger signs during puerperium. Regression analysis revealed that antenatal visits (0.002), gravidity (0.022), and parity (0.034) were associated with the pre-test knowledge score of the spouses.CONCLUSION: The video teaching program was significantly associated with the knowledge of spouses of antenatal mothers by knowledge enhancement, so it should be encouraged and adopted by all the hospitals.
A rare anatomical origin of the inferior thyroid artery from the common carotid artery: A case report
Authors: Archibong V. , Omodan A. , Omodan A. , Gashegu J.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: The inferior thyroid artery (ITA) usually originates from the thyrocervical trunk in the majority of the human population (90.5%), or from the subclavian artery in a few populations of humans (7.5%). It is quite rare to find the ITA originating from the common carotid artery (CCA). CASE PRESENTATION: This study was a case report of a cadaveric dissection at the anatomy department, university of Rwanda. The case was a 54-year-old male who had 2 inferior thyroid arteries on the left side, with one originating from the thyrocervical trunk and the other taking a rare anatomical origin from the CCA. CONCLUSION: It is important that such anatomical arterial patterns be documented in order to create awareness that is useful to surgeons and imaging specialists. This will help reduce the risk of iatrogenic complications during the surgical intervention to the thyroid gland.
Aberrant brachial artery: case report of an anatomical variation
Authors: Niyibigira C. , Omodan A. , Habumuremyi S. , Ndayegamiye G. , Archibong V. , Gashegu J.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: The brachial artery and its terminal branches are the major arterial supply to the brachium and antebrachium. Variations in the vascular supply in the upper limbs have been previously documented to occur more in the radial artery, followed by the ulnar artery, but less commonly in the brachial arteryCASE: An embalmed cadaver was used for gross dissection during the gross anatomy dissection for postgraduate students at the department of human anatomy of the University of Rwanda.During the dissection of the right upper arm, an accessory brachial artery was found, branching from the axillary artery above the unification of the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus (the lateral and medial root of the median nerve).CONCLUSION: In our case, the aberrant brachial artery originated from the axillary artery and gave off a muscular branch in the middle third of the arm, which is of clinical importance.
Alive without a brain: Acrania/anencephaly, anhydraminios, abdominal-ascites, amelia and agenesis of the kidneys
Authors: Adam Afodun M. , Gashegu J. , Khadijah Quadri K. , Mustapha Masud A. , Imam A. , Fernendez Edgar M. , Odoma S. , Olatayo Okeniran S.
Published: August 2023

A gravid middle-aged woman viewed on ultrasound demonstrated a viable anencephalic fetus at 25 weeks gestational age. The absence of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere, cranial vault, anhydramnios, abdominal ascites, and phaco-rhizomelia was discovered. We discuss evidence-based quadra –amelia in a non-consanguineous (negroid) couple of a 25-week prenatal scan. Apart from amelia on all four limbs, the fetus had abdominal ascites with other dysmorphic features. Tetramelia is known to be caused by mutation of the WNTB gene; in close relative inter-marriages. A diagnosis of ascites, amelia, anencephaly/acrania, and anhydramnios was made, and the prognosis was documented in this report.
Ectopic and Mal-rotated kidney with bilateral hydronephrosis – Case report
Authors: Omodan A. , Ndayishimiye T. , Muhawenimana E. , Gashegu J.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: The term ectopic kidney is used to describe a kidney that is found in a place that is not its normal anatomic position while malrotation refers to the abnormal orientation of the kidney. These two are some of the congenital malformations that the kidney is predisposed to in its embryogenesis.CASE: The current findings were discovered during routine dissections in the Gross lab of the Human Anatomy Department of the University of RwandaA left ectopic kidney with a relatively larger than normal size (10.5cm × 5.2cm) was found with the main blood supply arising from the median sacral artery and two other accessory arterial supplies arising from the abdominal aorta. The kidney was mal-rotated, facing laterally, with the ureter on both sides dilated. CONCLUSION: Knowing kidney variations is ever more important with the rate of increase in renal transplantations and vascular surgeries
A three-year overview of the pattern and outcome of medical conditions in the medical wards of Federal Medical Centre
Authors: C. Egboh Stella-Maris , E. Bozimo Gesiye
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Hospital admissions reflect the pattern of illnesses in society, and itsdocumentation in various localities may provide clues on decision-making and implementationsin the health sector. This study aimed to ascertain the reasons for admission and outcome in themedical wards of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria.METHODS: The medical records of all patients admitted into the medical wards during thestudy were retrospectively reviewed. Disease classification was done according to the ICD-10classification system. Relevant data were obtained from the admission and discharge registersand were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version- 22.RESULTS: A total of 1,782 subjects comprising 933 males (52.4%) and 849 females (47.6%) wererepresented in the final data analysis. The majority of the admitted patients were in their 6th and7th decade of life (18.5% and 18.6%, respectively). Cardiovascular diseases were the commonestindication for annual medical admission, with a cumulative frequency of 35.5%. Stroke andheart failure were the most common cardiovascular diseases. Infectious diseases were thesecond leading cause of medical admission (19.5%). The least common medical disorders wererheumatological dermatological and toxicological conditions representing 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.2%,respectively, of all medical admissions. The overall mortality during the study period is 16.5%,with malignant diseases being the leading cause of death.CONCLUSION: This study reflects the epidemics of non-communicable diseases in developingcountries and the need for policymakers to be aware of this trend without neglecting to preventinfectious diseases, whose burden is still high.
Healthcare delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa: exploring the impact of leadership theories and styles
Authors: Azeez T. A.
Published: August 2023

Health care delivery involves the dispensation and provision of services that promote and maintainthe health of the people. The World Health Organization recognizes leadership and governance asone of the major pillars of an efficient healthcare delivery system. Effective leadership is integralto organizational success. The World Bank rates the healthcare delivery systems in sub-SaharanAfrica as one of the worst globally. Previous studies have demonstrated that poor leadership has asubstantial contribution to the moribund state of healthcare delivery in the sub-continent.Transactional leaders incentivize workers to boost their morale but gives no room for errors whichare bound to happen in sociological systems. Transformational leaders motivate and empower thesubordinates who can misuse the authority given to them. Contingency leaders analyze situationsbefore taking critical decisions but there are many unknown variables. The traits theory says thatgreat leaders are born. This however discourages inclusivity and diversity. Additionally, leaderscan be trained but they don’t turn out to have the same effectiveness despite undergoing similartraining. Functional leaders aim to eliminate bureaucracy and prioritize organization’s goalsbut organizational change management is complicated in reality. For the integrated approach,everything matters but nobody knows everything.This narrative review aims to examine how each leadership theory and style could be applied toadvance healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa and found different leadership styles with theassociated merits and demerits but the hybrid approach that analyzes relevant variables would bethe optimal approach to reinvigorate healthcare delivery in sub-Sahara Africa.
Paternity testing using 21 STR Loci in a biotechnology approach: case of Rwandan Population
Authors: Ndungutse A. , Karege F. , Nsanzabaganwa C. , Mutesa L.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: We focused on a sample size of 141 unrelated Rwandan persons to genotype21 STR loci that were relied up in establishing allele frequencies, heterozygosity and power ofexclusion. This study aims at exploring allele frequencies on a representative sample from Rwandanpopulation to determine probability of paternity for sampled families basing on polymorphic STRsloci, using 21 autosomal-STR loci by Genetic Analyzer 3500X.METHODS: This was an experimental study and global filer TM Express PCR Amplification kit wasused to amplify 21 autosomal STR loci.RESULTS: The total number of observed alleles was 270; the largest number of different alleleswas seen in SE33 and D18S51 loci. The locus with the highest heterozygosity was SE33, while locusTH01 had the lowest heterozygosity. The heterozygosity of the 21 STR loci ranged from 71.3%(TH01) to 91.6% (SE33) with an average of 81.1% a good indicator of high genetic variability. Forall microsatellites analyzed the power of exclusion ranged from 43.4% (TH01) to 78.1% (SE33)with an average of 58.2%. For seven of eight cases examined in paternity test alleged father wasnot excluded as biological father of child. The results found in examination of case 8 indicated thatthe alleged father was not the biological father of the child.CONCLUSION: Based on calculated statistical parameters, the population of Rwanda may usethese 21 STR loci as a vital tool for forensic identification and paternity testing.
Soil Erosion Estimation Using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Integrated with Geographic Information System by Different Resolution Digital Elevation Model Data in Weyto Sub-Basin, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Damene Shimeles , Satyal Poshendra
Published: August 2023

Soil erosion is a global environmental challenge for developing countries including Ethiopia that require regular monitoring to take corrective measures. In this context, this study was focused on estimating soil erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (rusle) integrated with Geographical Information System (gis) technique for which it applied 30 m and 200 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (dem) data to generate slope gradient and length. Rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, land cover/use and management factors data were obtained from existing studies and field-based assessments where the data were used to estimate the soil erosion using rusle model in ArcMap under two different dem resolution scenario. The model estimated an average of 1.38 and 1.86 million tons of annual soil loss by water using 200 and 30 meters resolution dem data, respectively, while keeping other factors constant. The erosion estimated using higher (30 m) resolution dem data was more realistic than low (200 m) resolution data , as the higher resolution dem data allowed less generalization. In high resolution dem data, the slopes generated were also more in line with ground reality. Based on the case study of Weyto sub-basin in Southern Ethiopia, we thus conclude that the gis technique and remote sensing data can be used in rusle based erosion risk prediction for large areas even at basin, sub-basin and macro watershed level. We suggest that the accuracy of the prediction can be improved by using high resolution (large scale) input data disaggregated by micro- and sub-watersheds.
Factors predicting knowledge sharing behavior of academic staff
Authors: Gebreyohans Gebremedhin , T. Croasdell David , Meshesha Million
Published: August 2023

The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's knowledge-sharing intentions and behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the research framework using survey data from 256 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using Smart PLS software. The result indicates that the factors that affect knowledge-sharing intention include social interaction, reciprocity, management support, reward systems, and reputation. Systems integrated into teaching-learning practice, availability of information technology infrastructure, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are among the technological factors affecting the intention to use web technology for knowledge sharing toward knowledge-sharing behavior. It has also been concluded that management support had the greatest influence, but the reward system did not affect the knowledge-sharing intention. On the other hand, the availability of IT infrastructure has the largest effect on the intention to use web technology, while perceived ease of use has the least. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance knowledge sharing in HEI. The findings will benefit academic staff, university administrations, and higher education institutions. This study gives managers a solid foundation to promote and support academic staff's usage of web technology for knowledge sharing. The study will also help academic staff enhance their current knowledge-sharing practices.
The Study of Interplay of Singlet Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in Superconducting HoMo6Se8
Authors: Kebede Hambisa Teshome , Amente Chernet , Singh Pooran
Published: August 2023

This article reports the effect of magnetic ordering and superconducting order parameter on superconducting and magnetic transition temperatures of interacting singlet superconductivity and ferromagnetism in HoMo6Se8 material. The basic superconducting parameters were calculated starting with the BCS type model Hamiltonian and using the double time temperature dependent Green function formalisms. Results showed that the superconducting critical temperature decreases with enhancement of superconducting order parameter and vice versa. This is perhaps due to the weakening of the binding energy as the temperature approaches its critical value. On the other hand, the superconducting critical temperature demonstrates attenuation with increasing magnetic order parameters . It was also observed that the enhancement of magnetic transition temperature with the increase of the magnetic order parameter demonstrates variation with the alteration of the superconducting order parameter.  Moreover, the calculations revealed that there is a temperature region where both superconductivity and magnetic order coexist. Furthermore, the present theoretical analysis is broadly in agreement with existing experimental findings.
Post-COVID-19: How to prepare for the next pandemic
Authors: Kenyi Edward Eremugo
Published: August 2023

No Abstract
Spontaneous staphylococcal peritonitis: A case report
Authors: Osman Aaron , Obonyoh Kennedy , McIntosh J. Clarke
Published: August 2023

No Abstract
Development of a hydrogel containing metronidazoleloaded Eudragit RS 100 nanoparticles for buccal drug delivery
Authors: Ho Hoang Nhan , Nguyen Van Anh Tuan , Ho Nguyen Anh Thu , Le Hoang Hao
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To formulate Eudragit RS 100-based nanoparticles containing metronidazole (MTZ NPs) and incorporate them into hydrogels  using different gelling agents for controlled release in the buccal mucosa.

Method: MTZ NPs were fabricated using the nanoprecipitation method. MTZ NPs (1 % w/w) were introduced into hydrogels using  different gelling excipients. Physicochemical properties of MTZ NPs, mucoadhesive strength and spreadability of the hydrogels, and ex  vivo permeation of MTZ were evaluated.

Results: MTZ NPs were spherical in shape and had a mean particle size of 201.9 ± 5.6 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.092 ± 0.014, and  encapsulation efficiency of 46.28 ± 1.18 %. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) hydrogel containing MTZ NPs showed homogenous and smooth appearance, mucoadhesive strength of 2789.7 ± 13.4 dyne/cm2 , and spreadability of 5.32 ± 0.77 cm. The cumulative amount of drug  permeated from MTZ hydrogel and MTZ-containing NP hydrogel through porcine buccal mucosa was 1104.33 ± 28.97 and 397.62 ± 16.13  µg/cm2 , respectively, after 7 h (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: HEC hydrogel containing MTZ NPs demonstrates high mucoadhesive strength,  good spreadability, and sustained ex vivo permeation of MTZ. Thus, HEC hydrogel is a promising pharmaceutical formulation for  controlled drug release in the buccal mucosa
The History of Ethnicised Politics in Kenya and its Impact on the Management of the Country’s Public Affairs
Authors: Oduor Reginald M.J.
Published: August 2023

This paper deploys historical analysis, conceptual analysis and critical reflection to examine the history of ethnicised politics in Kenya and its negative impact on the management of the country’s public affairs. It sets out with a conceptualisation of ‘ethnicised politics’. It then traces the growth of ethnicised politics in Kenya from the dawn of British colonialism to the present. Thereafter, it reflects on the five-pronged negative impact of ethnicised politics on the country, namely, the gross disparities in economic development along ethno-regional lines, the disproportionately limited economic opportunities for ethnic minorities, the stunting of the growth of issue-based politics, the stoking of violent inter-ethnic conflicts, and the vulnerability of highly urbanised persons and/or those born out of mixed marriages with no strong ethnic loyalties. It concludes that contrary to the widely-held view that Kenyans ought to abandon their ethnic identities in pursuit of ‘nation-building’, respect for the right to cultural identity and the promotion of inter-ethnic equity would make political mobilisation along ethnic lines less attractive.
Relationship between Organisational E-readiness and E-Commerce Implementation in Developing Countries: Perspectives from Tanzania
Authors: Mbamba Ulingeta O.L.
Published: August 2023

This paper aimed to establish the role of e-readiness in implementing e-commerce in organisations in developing countries using Tanzania as an example.  Using Molla and Licker’s (2005a) model, the study evaluated the organisational e-readiness to implement e-commerce.  Data collected via email came from 165 purposively selected managers from Dar es Salaam.  The resultant data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the number of variables to a manageable level. Then the e-readiness factors were regressed to the level of e-commerce.  The results show that organisational commitment, technological resources, and awareness level, as well as the government’s commitment to e-readiness emerged to be important factors in determining the level of e-commerce of an organisation.  Empirically, the study shows that these four factors are reliable predictors of the e-commerce level from the developing countries’ perspectives.  All the variables identified were significantly related to the level of e-commerce an organisation has attains. Thus, the paper argues that an organisation’s commitment, technological resources and awareness level, as well as the government’s commitment to e-Readiness are salient factors in determining the e-commerce level of implementation of an organisation.  Implicitly, the factors the paper has identified are important in the execution of e-commerce.  As such, these factors need consideration in an organisation seeking to benefit from e-commerce implementation.  In other words, countries can ignore e-readiness and e-commerce implementation at their own peril.
Political Institutions, ICT Infrastructure, and Social Networks Impact on Citizens’ Policy Formulation E-participation Engagement Behaviour in Uganda
Authors: Nabafu Robinah , Moya Musa Bukoma , Kituyi Geoffrey Mayoka
Published: August 2023

This paper assessed the impact of political institutions, ICT infrastructure, and social networks on citizens’ self-motivation and engagement in policy formulation. The study was motivated by limited citizen engagement in policy formulation in Uganda which has made Uganda as a country to score poorly both in the e-government and e-participation index and contradict Article 38 of the Constitution of Uganda which advocates for citizen engagement in policy formulation. Thus, this study aimed to increase citizen engagement through the adaption of the Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability (MOA) model. A survey collected Primary data from 361 village health teams and local council Chairpersons. The collected data was analysed using SPSS and SEM. Results found that; political institutions, ICT infrastructure, and social networks influence self-motivation, political institutions, and self-motivation influence engagement while self-motivation fully mediates the relationship between ICT infrastructure, social networks, and citizen engagement, it partially mediates the relationship between political institutions and engagement. The practical implication is that political institutions are essential in stimulating citizens’ self-motivation and engagement.
Social Media Use and Perceived Social Capital Dimensions among Students of Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Titilope Afolayan Oluyinka , Muritala Falade Adesola
Published: August 2023

In this 21st century, social media plays a pivotal role in the lives of users due to innumerable benefits gained from its continuous usage, one of which is social capital.  This study investigated social media use and perceived social capital dimensions among students at Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State. A survey design approach was adopted, using a structured and validated questionnaire to collect data. A total of 325 students served as the sample size, based on stratified sampling selection of 8 departments under the College of Science and Technology (CST) in Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; while the Purposive sampling technique was used in the distribution of a questionnaire to students in the study area. Findings revealed a positive correlation between social media use of some popular sites such as Facebook Instagram, LinkedIn, WeChat, Snapchat, and perceived online bonding as well as bridging capital. However, there were no significant differences between male and female students in their perceived online bonding and bridging social capital. In terms of relative contribution, Facebook had the strongest contribution to online bonding capital; while Instagram had the strongest contribution to bridging capital. It was concluded that the intense use of some popular social media sites drives the accumulation of bonding and bridging social capital. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that University management of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) should create an enabling environment for the adoption and use of popular social media platforms by students, for quicker accessibility, faster formation and accumulation of bonding, and bridging social capital.
Seagrass cover reduction in Zanzibar from 2006 to 2019
Authors: Purvis Danielle , Jiddawi Narriman
Published: August 2023

Seagrass meadows are abundant in Zanzibar, Tanzania and provide essential ecosystem services, yet they have been less researched or protected than other marine ecosystems. Evidence suggests that anthropogenic impacts, such as seaweed farming, small-scale fishing, and tourism, are their greatest threats. Using geographic information systems (GIS) to estimate seagrass cover, this study conducted Spearman’s rank correlation analyses to estimate correlations between the scale of seaweed farming, fishing, and tourism or the implementation of marine protected area (MPA) management plans, and the change in percent of seagrass cover from 2006 to 2019. On average, seagrass cover decreased by 10.98 % over this period. The scale of tourism was negatively correlated with seagrass cover (rs (9) = -0.64, p = 0.044). No other variables were correlated with declines, though seaweed farming had a weak protective effect on seagrass cover (rs(9) = 0.28, p = 0.426). To improve the management of seagrass meadows, plans must identify seagrasses as critical ecosystems, expand seagrass restoration projects, and address harmful practices in the tourism industry.
Willingness and drivers of community participation in mangrove conservation in the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania
Authors: Ntibona Loyce N. , Shalli Mwanahija Salehe , Mangora Mwita Marwa
Published: August 2023

Promoting local community participation in recognition of their indigenous knowledge is important for effective resource conservation. The aims of this study were to evaluate local community willingness and drivers of participation in mangrove conservation activities in the Rufiji Delta. Data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured household interviews and participant and non-participant observations, across three designated management blocks - Northern delta (ND), Central delta (CD) and Southern delta (SD). Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis while quantitative data were analysed for descriptive and inferential statistics. Overall, the majority of respondents (88 %) agreed that it was important for the community to participate in mangrove conservation activities and 50 % of them expressed immediate readiness to participate if called upon. Zone wise, 50 % of respondents in ND and CD, and 42 % in SD indicated a moderate level of community willingness to participate in conservation. Age of household head, education level, source of income and awareness of mangrove governing laws were the most significant drivers positively associated with community willingness to participate in conservation activities. These findings suggest that for long-term management of mangroves, local communities should be adequately recognized as partners rather than as foes.
Avaliação da capacidade de resistência à fratura em dentes tratados endodonticamente com pino de fibra de vidro comparando diferentes técnicas terapêuticas
Authors: Petyk Weslley Souza , Rego Rafael Tribulato Bueno , Sábio Sérgio , Lima Fernanda Ferruzzi , Avelar Valéria Lima , Santos Márcia Lorena Alves dos , Silva Breno Gabriel da
Published: August 2023

Dentes tratados endodonticamente apresentam menor resistência quando comparados com dentes que possuem vitalidade pulpar, fato associado à redução da estrutura mineralizada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente com 2,5 mm de remanescente coronário que receberam diferentes retentores intrarradiculares com fibra de vidro. Para a aquisição das amostras, selecionaram-se 30 caninos endodonticamente tratados, cujas porções coronárias foram removidas em 3 mm acima da junção cemento-esmalte, realizando efeito férula de 2,5 mm. Três grupos foram formulados para este trabalho: Pino de fibra de vidro sem reembasamento (doravante, PFV); pino de fibra de vidro reembasado com resina composta (pino anatômico – doravante, PFVR) e pino de fibra de vidro Splendor-Sap (doravante, SS). Todos os pinos foram cimentados com cimento resinoso dual e restaurados com núcleo de preenchimento e coroa dentária em resina composta. As amostras foram submetidas à ciclagem mecânica e ao teste de resistência à fratura pela máquina universal de ensaio. O teste anova one-way e o teste de Tukey foram utilizados para a avaliação estatística (valor-p < 0,05). Verificaram-se diferenças significativas da força de resistência à fratura entre os grupos comparativos (valor-p < 0,05), em que o pino de fibra de vidro reembasado (anatômico) apresentou níveis médios da força de resistência à fratura superiores (valor-p < 0,05), seguido pelo grupo pino de fibra de vidro não reembasado e pino de fibra de vidro Splendor-Sap.
Bibliometrics Analysis of Research on Argumentation in Mathematics Education
Authors: Kartika Hendra , Budiarto Mega Teguh , Fuad Yusuf , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: August 2023

This study is based on the bibliometrics analysis of research publications that focus on highlighting the argumentation on mathematics education. The main objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of research results, the main journals for publication, and the most productive authors, the pattern of authorship and the pattern of citation. Data was collected from Scopus database and was analyzed using VOSviewer software. A total of 173 articles published from 1995 to December 2021 were retrieved and perused. Graphs, tables, charts, and maps have been used to analyze and present collected data. The analysis results show that argumentation in mathematics education has been studied frequently with the concepts of proof, reasoning, teacher education, and geometry. Journal of Mathematical Behavior and Educational Studies in Mathematics have been the top journals, and the University of Rutgers has been the most influential institution, and the United States has had a significant prevalence in this field. The results of this study provide insights for researchers interested in mathematics education in this field, suggesting that they can explore various alternatives to the major research trends and the influential articles mentioned. Based on the results, recommendations for future studies are provided.
The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on Multimedia on Enhancing the Teaching Process and Critical Thinking Skills of Teachers of the Deaf and Hearing-impaired in Secondary Schools
Authors: Alqahtani Ghuzail Ali , Alsalem Majed
Published: August 2023

The main aim of the current study is to measure the effectiveness of a training program on enhancing the teaching process and critical thinking skills among teachers of the deaf and hearing-impaired in secondary schools through multimedia and according to academic qualification and years of experience variables. To accomplish the study objective, the researchers used the quasi-experimental approach. They designed a four-hour short training program that was applied to 60 teachers of the deaf and hearing-impaired in secondary schools. The study findings revealed that 53.4% of teachers of the deaf and hearing-impaired possess multimedia skills experience in teaching critical thinking skills in the pre-test, whereas 61.3% of teachers of the deaf and hearing-impaired possess multimedia skills experience in teaching critical thinking skills in the post-test. In addition, the results showed no statistically significant differences in the years of experience variable in teaching critical thinking skills. Furthermore, the results indicated that the teachers who have Master's degrees or higher had higher average scores in critical thinking skills compared to those with bachelor's degrees.
Teacher Satisfaction with the Availability of Assistive Technologies for Students with Sensory Impairments in Inclusive Schools
Authors: Albalhareth Ali Hamad , Saleem Suhib Saleem
Published: August 2023

This study investigates teacher satisfaction with available assistive technology (AT) for students with sensory impairments in their classrooms. The study group included teachers of deaf and hard of hearing (Dhh) and blind and visually impaired students in Najran region, a southern city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The findings suggest that teachers of students with sensory impairments feel that their schools should provide them with updated AT to better serve their students. Additionally, the results indicate that satisfaction with the available AT was not impacted by the teacher’s gender. This study reinforces that more AT must be provided for students with sensory impairments. In addition to increasing the availability of AT, schools should educate teachers on techniques associated with implementing AT in their classrooms. This study confirms the importance of the technology in the educational process and the success of achieving its objectives.