bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of in situ Generated Ruthenium(0) for O‐H and C‐H Bond Activation of N‐(aryl)salicylaldimines: Formation of New Complexes and Their Application in Catalysis
Authors: Bhattacharya Samaresh , Mukherjee Aparajita , Dutta Jayita
Published: February 2025

A group of four N‐(4‐R‐phenyl)salicylaldimines (abbreviated in general as L1‐R) were found to undergo activation of the phenolic O‐H bond upon their reaction with [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)2Cl2] in refluxing toluene in the presence of triethylamine to afford hydrido complexes of type [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(NO‐R)(H)], 1‐R, where NO‐R depicts the anionic N,O‐donor ligand derived from L1‐R. This reaction was realized to proceed via the intermediacy of an in situ generated ruthenium(0) species of type [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)2]. Formation of 1‐R goes via isomerization of an initially formed species 1‐Rʹ with mutual change of disposition of CO and hydride. Utilizing the appropriate orientation of the Ru‐bound hydride in the initial product (1‐Rʹ), cycloruthenated complexes [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(CNO2)], 2, and [Ru(PPh3)2(CO)(CNO3)], 3, were synthesized by using N‐(naphthyl)salicylaldimine (L2) and N‐(pyrenyl)salicylaldimine (L3), where CNO2 and CNO3 depict the dianionic CN,O‐donor ligands derived from L2 and L3 respectively. Crystal structures of the 1‐OCH3, 1‐Cl, 2 and 3 complexes have been determined. Formation mechanism of the complexes has also been proposed. All the complexes show intense absorptions in the visible and ultraviolet regions, which have been analyzed by TDDFT calculations. The 1‐R complexes are found to efficiently catalyze transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones to the corresponding alcohols, and alkynes to the corresponding alkenes.
A Simplified Bead‐on‐Wire Model With Relativistic Revision for Magnetized Outflow
Authors: Xie Wei , He Zi‐Ru
Published: February 2025

Outflows are ubiquitous in various astrophysical objects, yet the mechanism responsible for generating outflows remains unclear. One possibility is that outflows are driven by large‐scale magnetic fields. When dealing with magnetically driven outflows, the one‐dimensional model proposed by Weber and Davis in 1967 is often employed. However, as it was originally a non‐relativistic theory, this limits its application in high‐energy astrophysical scenarios. This work attempts to modify the non‐relativistic Bernoulli equation into its relativistic form through an analogy method, thereby applying it to relativistic outflows and comparing the results with those of classical theory. We find that when the initial temperature of the outflow is sufficiently high or when the angular velocity of rotation of the magnetic field lines is sufficiently fast, the terminal velocity of the outflow can be relativistic. The relativistically modified Bernoulli equation established in this paper could be conveniently applied in the context of extremely high‐velocity outflows from different sources.
Food Fussiness, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, and Their Correlations With Anthropometric Indices in Children
Authors: Mohd Tahir Nur Shahirah , Sharif Ishak Sharifah Intan Zainun , Tan Seok Tyug
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Literature has consistently reported that fussy eaters usually have restricted food choices, particularly on fruits and vegetables. Insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables among fussy‐eating children can result in a lack of essential nutrients needed to support growth and development.

Objective

This study aims to elucidate the relationships between food fussiness, fresh fruit and vegetable consumption, and anthropometric indices of children residing in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted to recruit 179 pairs of consenting caregiver‐child. Caregivers were required to report the surveyed child's sex, date of birth, and ethnicity. The six‐item food fussiness subscale from the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to assess food fussiness in children. In addition, caregivers were asked to report whether their child had consumed fresh fruits and vegetables over the past month and to list all those they consistently refused to consume. For anthropometric measurements, children's body weight was measured with a digital bathroom scale, and height was measured using a portable stadiometer. Height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ) and BMI‐for‐age z‐scores (BAZ) were determined using the WHO Anthro software version 3.2.2 (for children below five) or the WHO AnthroPlus software version 1.0.4 (for children above five). The relationships between the studied variables were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 27.0.

Results

This study revealed that one in two children (54.2%) were fussy eaters, 9.5% did not consume fresh fruits, and 32.4% did not consume fresh vegetables over the past month. The findings from path analyses indicated that food fussiness was negatively correlated with fresh fruit and vegetable consumption. However, there were no significant direct and indirect relationships between food fussiness and anthropometric indices as indicated by HAZ and BAZ of children.

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrated that food fussiness was negatively correlated with fresh fruit and vegetable consumption. Interventions can be carried out by encouraging children to consume fruits and vegetables they typically reject, such as bean vegetables, pear, papaya, and tuberous vegetables, to prevent nutrient deficiency.
Online Dynamic Nomogram for Predicting 90‐Day Prognosis of Patients With Primary Basal Ganglia Cerebral Hemorrhage After Microscopic Keyhole Craniotomy for Hematoma Removal
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Li Sai , Nie Yang , Chang Chenxi , Wu Haoyuan , Zhao Bing
Published: February 2025

Objective

Primary basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage (PBGCH) is the most common type of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Microscopically removing the hematoma via keyhole or microbone window craniotomy remains the most common surgical method in many hospitals across China for treating cases of primary basal ganglia hemorrhage exceeding 30 mL. The aim of this study was to establish a new practical evaluation system based on preoperative clinical and imaging factors to predict the short‐term prognosis of PBGCH after microscopic keyhole craniotomy for hematoma removal (MKCHR), providing a reference for clinicians and patients' families in deciding whether to proceed with surgery.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 74 cases of PBGCH treated with MKCHR. Patient prognosis was assessed at 90 days postsurgery using the modified Rankin Scale. This study employed R software to conduct both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses aimed at identifying preoperative factors that influence short‐term prognosis following MKCHR. Additionally, a web‐based interactive nomogram was developed to forecast outcomes for PBGCH patients receiving MKCHR treatment. Model robustness was gauged using the concordance index (C‐index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Internal validation involved bootstrap resampling and calibration. Clinical utility was assessed via decision curve analysis (DCA), clinical impact curve (CIC), and net reduction interventions (NRI).

Results

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤ 6, hemorrhagic volume > 102 mL, brain herniation, age > 58 years (p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis after MKCHR. The online dynamic nomogram website is https://sjwkalg.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/. The model's C‐index and area under the ROC are both 0.899 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.817–0.980). Following 1000 bootstrap resamples, the calibration curve indicates that the dynamic nomogram's predicted values closely match the observed values.

The models of DCA, CIC, and NRI show good clinical application.

Conclusion

The online dynamic nomogram developed in this study demonstrates high predictive accuracy. This platform is characterized by its noninvasive and convenient nature, which facilitates the formulation of clinical treatment strategies. It offers a reliable data reference for preoperative surgical decision‐making in patients with PBGCH, thereby aiming to achieve beneficial outcomes.
Sexual Quality of Life in Subjective Tinnitus Individuals With Normal Hearing: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Asta Beyza , Öztürk Özdeş Nazife , Aydoğan Zehra , Uzdil Nurcan , Anadolu Rauf Yücel , Tokgöz Yılmaz Suna
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the quality of sexual life among individuals experiencing subjective tinnitus and to draw comparisons with a control group.

Methods

The study included a group of 21 patients with subjective tinnitus as a case group and 21 healthy individuals as a control group. We used patient information form, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Sexual Quality of Life Scale–Female (SQOL‐F), Sexual Quality of Life Scale–Male (SQOL‐M), and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) as the data collection tool in this research.

Results

The analysis showed no significant difference in average ASEX scores among the groups. It was determined that the SQOL‐F and SQOL‐M score averages were higher in the control group than the case group (p < 0.05). A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between the THI score and the SQOL‐M score among individuals experiencing subjective tinnitus in the case group. A statistically significant effect of tinnitus discomfort obtained by THI was found on sexual quality of life in men. In individuals with tinnitus, 43% of the SQOL‐M scores evaluating the quality of sexual life in men can be explained by THI.

Conclusion

First of all the sexual quality of life scores of case group was worse than healthy individuals. In addition, the negative correlation between THI and sexual quality of life in male indicates that male individuals are more affected. The sexual quality of life in individuals with tinnitus should be specifically addressed by health professionals.
Dapagliflozin Improves High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Cognitive Impairment in Female Mice
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Fan Mingxia , Xiao Zhuoni , Xiong Xiaoxing
Published: February 2025

Background

High fat consumption is a known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been found to possess anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, the cognitive effects and mechanisms of SGLT2is on female mice fed with a high‐fat diet remain unknown.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of dapagliflozin on metabolism, cognition, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and microglial activation in female mice fed a HFD.

Methods

Dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg) was administered to HFD‐fed mice for 24 weeks. Body weight, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance were assessed. Additionally, all mice were subjected to the Morris water maze (MWM) and one‐trial Y‐maze tests. The levels of metabolic hormones and cytokines were analyzed using ELISA kits. The levels of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) protein in the hippocampus were measured. Microglia, insulin receptors, NLRP3, and IL‐1β in the hippocampus of mice were evaluated by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical staining.

Results

As anticipated, dapagliflozin improved insulin resistance and glucose metabolism and reduced cognitive impairment in female mice fed with a HFD. In the hippocampus, dapagliflozin alleviated microglial activation yet did not reduce the secretion of inflammatory chemokines. Furthermore, it increased the expression of insulin receptor in the hippocampus of HFD‐fed mice and decreased the expression of p‐tau.

Conclusions

Our results provide a foundation for the clinical application of SGLT2is as an adjuvant to slow down the progression of central degenerative diseases related to metabolic disorders, such as AD.
Artificial Intelligence and Breast Cancer Management: From Data to the Clinic
Authors: Feng Kaixiang , Yi Zongbi , Xu Binghe
Published: February 2025

Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant threat to women's health worldwide. The oncology field had an exponential growth in the abundance of medical images, clinical information, and genomic data. With its continuous advancement and refinement, artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated exceptional capabilities in processing intricate multidimensional BC‐related data. AI has proven advantageous in various facets of BC management, encompassing efficient screening and diagnosis, precise prognosis assessment, and personalized treatment planning. However, the implementation of AI into precision medicine and clinical practice presents ongoing challenges that necessitate enhanced regulation, transparency, fairness, and integration of multiple clinical pathways. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current research related to AI in BC, highlighting its extensive applications throughout the whole BC cycle management and its potential for innovative impact. Furthermore, this article emphasizes the significance of constructing patient‐oriented AI algorithms. Additionally, we explore the opportunities and potential research directions within this burgeoning field.
Efficient Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation of Triazole‐Thiadiazole/Benzo[d]oxazole Scaffolds and Investigation of Their Reactivity Properties Using DFT Calculations and In silico Docking
Authors: Avuthu Vidya Sagar Reddy , Allaka Tejeswara Rao , Kushwaha Naveen , vvn kishorepilli
Published: February 2025

The present study describes a benzo[d]oxazole‐functionalized conventional synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine and [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles are formed by the condensation of 5 with bromo‐substituted acetophenones and isothiocyanates. The structural elucidation of the newly synthesized compounds was accomplished using various spectroscopic techniques, viz. FT‐IR, NMR (1H/13C) and HRMS spectrometry. As the most prominent one, compound 6c showed the highest anticancer activity against the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line and an IC50 value of 3.01 ± 0.45 µM, which was close to that of the positive control Doxorubicin (IC50 value of 3.10 ± 0.27 µM). It was also observed that compound 8e (IC50 = 3.92 ± 0.04 μM) exhibited superior activity against the T47D cell line, whereas compound 6f (IC50 = 2.10 ± 0.21 μM) demonstrated better activity against the MCF‐7 cell line. In silico docking investigations of the representative ligands further explored the characteristic binding orientations on conserved interactions with residues like LysA:55, ValA:60, ThrA:11, GluA:14, ProA:57, AlaA:15, SerA:51, and GlyA:58 from 1U9E. The tested compounds’ structure‐activity relationships are in good agreement with molecular docking and DFT studies, which demonstrate that the primary cause of the high anticancer activity of 1,2,4‐triazole hybrids is the presence of a lipophilic and heterocyclic substituent on the benzo[d]oxazole component.
Could phenylamides emerge as a powerful chemotaxonomic tool? A case study of rapeseed bee‐collected pollen originating from Serbia and Türkiye
Authors: Kostić Aleksandar Ž. , Nur Çobanoğlu Duygu , Milinčić Danijel D. , Felek Ikranur , Düzdaban Piroz , Pešić Mirjana B.
Published: February 2025

The composition of bee‐collected pollen (BCP) significantly depends on its botanical and geographical origin. In this context, providing information about compounds considered as potential chemotaxonomic markers is useful. The current study aimed to compare the phytochemical profiles of two BCP samples with the same botanical origin (Brassica napus) collected in Serbia and Türkiye. Both samples were monofloral ensuring mostly consistent chemical composition. In total, fifty‐one and thirty‐eight compounds were identified in Turkish and Serbian BCP, respectively, using untargeted UHPLC Q‐ToF MS analysis. The identified phytochemicals included phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids derivatives), phenylamides, and glucosinolates. By comparing the findings with literature data, four flavonol glycosides (in particular kaempferol) can be considered as potential chemotaxonomic markers for rapeseed BCP. However, the current research revealed phenylamides as much more characteristic compounds in BCP with higher chemotaxonomic potential. Namely, eight spermine derivatives were identified as potentially characteristic for Brassica pollen. This study is the first to report phenylamides as potential chemotaxonomic markers in BCP.
Association of Self‐Rated Attribution of Blame for Criminal Acts and of Psychiatric Symptoms Among Patients Undergoing Specialist Forensic Psychiatric Treatment in Japan
Authors: Arakawa Ikuko , Kuroki Noriomi , Takahashi Hidehiko , Okada Takayuki
Published: February 2025

Background

Treatment goals for offenders with mental disorders include restoring and maintaining health, establishing social participation and preventing negative outcomes, including further offending. The development of patient insight into their prior offences may facilitate their reintegration into society and prevent further harms.

Aims

To find out whether, among offenders with mental disorder, their own causal attribution of their criminal acts, based on the Japanese version of the Gudjonsson blame attribution inventory‐revised (GBAI‐R‐J), is associated with psychiatric symptoms according to the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) ratings.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 45 patients in forensic psychiatric services, both in‐ and out‐patients. All participants had a psychosis and a history of serious crimes. Attribution of blame was self‐rated in the same session during which a clinician rated their symptoms using the PANSS. GBAI‐R‐J scores were converted into a categorical variable by allocating each participant into one of two groups—those scoring up to the half point or those scoring at or above it on each subscale. The three PANSS scale scores were treated as continuous variables.

Results

There was a significant positive relationship between the GBAI‐R‐J externalising blame scores and PANSS scores for positive symptoms and general psychopathology but not for negative symptoms. Neither the acceptance of personal the guilt factor nor the mental element factor, which imply attribution of the offence to mental disorder, was significantly related to any aspect of symptoms.

Conclusions

This is the first study to compare blame attribution for a serious index offence and mental state simultaneously, albeit at various stages of treatment and time after the offence. The association of persistent positive symptoms with externalising blame is understandable in terms of the nature of the symptoms, almost invariable including paranoid delusions. The absence of a relationship with acceptance of guilt or understanding the role of mental disorder in the offending suggests that many of these patients require further treatment to accept personal agency. A longitudinal study is indicated to test these possibilities further.
Navigating a Rare Neurological Conundrum: Quadriparesis in Neurocysticercosis With Hydrocephalus
Authors: Krishna Mudamanchu Vamsi , Biswas Pubali , Jayashankar C. A. , Ganaraja V. H. , Joshi Amey
Published: February 2025

This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges in identifying neurocysticercosis, which is initially mistaken for tubercular arachnoiditis. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are crucial for preventing severe complications. The case also describes the importance of awareness and timely treatment of neglected tropical diseases to improve patient outcomes.
Post‐COVID‐19 Neutropenia in an Infant With Thalassemia Minor: Case Report
Authors: Elsherif Yasmine , Elsherif Omar , Karimi Mehran , Ibrahim Ismail A. , Abukhadijah Hana J.
Published: February 2025

This case of an 11‐month‐old female who developed severe neutropenia following COVID‐19 infection underscores the need for heightened vigilance and monitoring of hematological parameters in infants post‐COVID‐19. The exact mechanism of COVID‐19‐induced neutropenia is not fully understood, but it may involve cytokine‐induced suppression of hematopoiesis and bone marrow repression due to the inflammatory response. Given the potential for serious clinical implications, including increased susceptibility to infections, it is crucial to effectively identify and manage neutropenia in this vulnerable population. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies for COVID‐19‐related hematological complications in infants.
Navigating the Future: Factors Influencing Adolescents' Career Expectation Uncertainty in a Dynamic World
Authors: Guo Luyang
Published: February 2025

In an era of rapid economic, technological, and social change, young people face increased challenges in making informed career decisions. This study, grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and Career Construction Theory (CCT), examines the personal and environmental factors influencing career expectation uncertainty among 15‐year‐olds across 78 educational systems. Results of multilevel logistic models revealed that approximately 20% of adolescents, particularly young men and those in advanced economies, experienced more uncertainty about their career expectations. Notably, the search for meaning in life appeared crucial in forming clearer career goals, especially among young women in affluent countries. Additionally, self‐efficacy and parental support enhanced clarity in young men's career choices, while teacher support was crucial for adolescents’ career decision‐making in developing economies. These insights underscore the need for targeted support tailored to diverse socioeconomic contexts to promote clearer career trajectories for adolescents globally.
A Comprehensive Reinforcement Learning Framework for Priority‐Aware Data Center Scheduling Optimization and QOS‐Defined Buffer Management
Authors: Josephraj Vinu , Sundara Raj Wilfred Franklin
Published: February 2025

A network architecture's fundamental components include buffering designs and policies for their effective administration. Strong incentives exist to test and implement new regulations, but there are few opportunities to alter much more than minor details. We describe Open Queue, a new specification language that enables the expression of management rules and virtual buffering architectures that represent a broad range of economic models. Open Queue provides various comparators and basic functions that make it easy for users to create whole buffering structures and policies. It provides examples of Open Queue buffer management strategies and provides empirical evidence of how they affect performance in different scenarios. Through all of these efforts, minimizing network usage, avoiding network congestion, which ensures QoS (Quality of Service), and making the most use of the current route is regarded as the main problems. Common traffic engineering methods like Equal Cost Multipath (ECMP) don't address the state of the network at the moment or offer a mouse flow solution. The proposed solution to this issue is the implementation of a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based Priority‐Aware Data Center Scheduling Algorithm (PADCS), which leverages AHP‐TOPSIS to update previous experience using prioritized experiences replay, monitor workload categorization, and receive real‐time environmental feedback. Finally, the suggested algorithm determines the optimal route through the network for every flow depending on the kind of current flows in order to increase customer happiness and improve QoS. The evaluation findings show that, under various traffic scenarios, the DRL‐PADCS algorithm lowers average throughput and normalized total throughput, link usage, average round‐trip time, and packet loss rate in comparison to ECMP.
Multi‐sequential order transgressive cycles from the last interglacial to the Holocene revealed by deep‐core sediment facies analysis in the Baeksu tidal deposits, south‐west coast of Korea
Authors: Lim Serin , Kim Jin Cheul , Lim Dhongil , Kim Yongmi , Chang Tae Soo
Published: February 2025

High‐resolution sequence analysis of three drill‐cores with well‐constrained optically simulated luminescence ages reveals a stratigraphic evolution of the Baeksu tidal flat (south‐west coast of Korea) that documents the development of tide‐dominated estuary infill interacting with minimal fluvial processes since marine isotope stage 6. The stratigraphic architecture and its correlation along an upper mudflat‐to‐subtidal transect showcase two different hierarchies of sequences and small‐scale (fifth‐order) subsequences that are nested within larger‐scale (fourth‐order) sequences. Two fourth‐order sequences with a frequency of 100 kyr consist of lower fluvial deposits and overlying tidal deposits, respectively, reflecting a twofold regressive–transgressive sedimentary sequence related to glacial–interglacial cycles. The sequence boundary is marked by an abrupt facies change from oxidised spit gravels (marine isotope stage 3) to tidal muds (marine isotope stage 1). An interesting feature is the presence of two packages of retrograding spit/tidal deposits corresponding to marine isotope stage 5a/b and marine isotope stage 3 interstadials deposited during short‐lived sea‐level rise, in spite of the long‐term phase of glacial sea‐level fall spanning from marine isotope stage 5d to marine isotope stage 2. Identification of deeply oxidised tidal deposits dated to marine isotope stage 5a/b confirms that two short‐term fluctuations in sea level occurred during the long‐lived glacial period. Such nested successions are assigned as fifth‐order subsequences with 40 kyr time intervals. The late Quaternary Baeksu tidal flat succession was thus mainly controlled by two different frequencies and magnitudes of sea‐level changes, associated with major interglacials (marine isotope stage 5e and 1) and minor interstadials (marine isotope stage 5a and 3). More importantly, transgressive episodes are significantly better preserved than regressive phases. This study provides a good example of how multi‐order, multiple transgressive deposition may be preserved in a tide‐dominated estuarine setting, particularly where river inputs are negligible.
Urban landscapes with more natural greenspace support higher pollinator diversity
Authors: Ulrich Jens , Sargent Risa D.
Published: February 2025

As cities around the world expand, we urgently need to better understand the drivers of urban biodiversity, especially for functionally important groups such as insect pollinators. In this study, we gathered hoverfly and bumble bee pollinator observations from natural history collections and community science initiatives from 462 urban landscapes across 85 US metropolitan areas. We tested whether urban greenspace functions as pollinator habitat by examining whether the total area of greenspace in an urban landscape predicted pollinator occurrence, that is, the presence or absence of species in a landscape. Our study was designed to determine whether there were differences between natural greenspace area (i.e., urban greenbelts, nature reserves and forest/grassland fragments) and developed greenspace area (i.e., managed parks, cemeteries and golf courses) in their ability to support a diversity of pollinator species. After accounting for sampling biases using an integrated occupancy modeling approach, we found a positive association between native hoverfly occurrence and natural greenspace area. This implies that urban landscapes with more natural greenspace support higher native hoverfly diversity. On average, bumble bee occurrence was not associated with natural greenspace area; however, the response varied among species, with several at‐risk bumble bees showing a positive association. In contrast to natural greenspace area, we found no association between pollinator occurrence and the area of developed greenspace. In addition, we found that the proportion of racial minority households in an urban landscape was negatively associated with pollinator occurrence. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a history of systematic, unjust policies in neighborhoods with more racial minority households has lasting negative impacts on urban biodiversity. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that natural greenspace functions as vital habitat for urban pollinators. We recommend that cities preservation of remnant natural greenspace and improve developed greenspaces in order to promote urban pollinator conservation. These efforts should be prioritized in urban landscapes with a higher proportion of racial minority households to improve equal access to nature and pollinator ecosystem services.
Enhancing the cooling effectiveness of concentrated photovoltaic systems using polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Simoud K. , Chaker A.
Published: February 2025

Concentrated photovoltaic systems convert solar energy into electrical and thermal energy, making effective cooling crucial for optimizing performance and preventing cell damage. This study aimed to enhance both electrical and thermal efficiency while protecting cells from heat damage by incorporating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into conventional channels with aspect ratios of 25 and 30. Numerical simulations using FORTRAN evaluated the system's efficiency, and an economic analysis assessed how PET costs affected the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The research focused on the optimal position and height of PET, as well as the influence of the incidence heat flux angle on efficiency. Results showed that adjusting PET height and position significantly improved CPV system performance, with peak thermal and electrical efficiencies of 64.9% and 9.72%, respectively, achieved at a Reynolds number of 1500 and an aspect ratio of 30. Increasing the aspect ratio and incidence heat flux angle further enhanced efficiency, with optimal results at an incidence heat flux angle 35° and an aspect ratio of 30. Additionally, PET reduced the LCOE compared to other materials, thereby lowering overall cooling system costs.
Relative role of rock erodibility and sediment load in setting channel slope of mountain rivers
Authors: Takahashi Naoya O.
Published: February 2025

Rock strength influences channel slope by altering substrate erodibility and the size of sediments supplied to the channels. Although the frequent presence of knickpoints at lithological boundaries indicates that rock erodibility significantly determines channel morphology, a growing body of field evidence suggests that the coarse sediment supply from less erodible rock units is a primary factor in channel steepening. To assess the relative effects of rock erodibility and imposed sediment load on channel slope, I studied five rivers in Tsugaru, northern Japan. These rivers flow through alternating volcanic rock and sedimentary rock. The minimum channel slope required to transport both in situ sediments and those supplied from upstream was calculated using slope component analysis. The findings suggest that sediment effects largely account for the observed variations in channel slope across both volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The proportion of channel slope not explained by the imposed sediment load was slightly higher in volcanic rock reaches than in sedimentary rock reaches, which can be attributed to the lower erodibility of volcanic rock. Based on the grain size distributions of volcanic and sedimentary rock particles and the calculated impacts of sediment load, I conclude that the coarse sediment supply from volcanic rock is the primary cause of the difference in channel steepness between the rock types in Tsugaru. Although this conclusion holds generally true across Tsugaru, certain reaches with locally high channel steepness exhibit more extensive bedrock exposure than adjacent gentler reaches, suggesting that contrasts in erodibility also play a significant role in determining the channel slope. Therefore, examining what factors alter the relative significance of rock erodibility and sediment load can enhance our understanding of how rock properties influence longitudinal stream profiles.
Chemometrics‐Based Aroma Profiling Reveals Changes in Citrus limon L. Peels During Drying: Advances in Monitoring Lemon Essence
Authors: Zemni Hassène , Lamine Myriam , Attia Jihène , Mankaï Melika , Khiari Ramla , Jallouli Selim , Salem Asma Ben
Published: February 2025

Volatile compounds produce the aroma of fruits such as Citrus limon and play a key role in fruit quality. Moreover, drying technology plays a significant role in aroma quality. To reflect the volatile differences and the dynamic change of volatile profiles of dried lemon peel as affected by drying methods, the volatile compounds of dried peel prepared under three drying methods were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. According to the results, drying at 35°C allowed to obtain peels with high titratable acidity, high flavonoid content and high antioxidant activity. On the other hand, vacuum freeze drying allowed to obtain samples with high total soluble solids and highest polyphenol contents. Eight volatile compounds were identified, with beta‐and alpha‐pinene and limonene found to play an important role in the discrimination of the different drying processes, based on variable importance in projection ≥ 1.2. These substances might be responsible for what caused the significant flavour difference between differently dried peel flours. The combination of HS–GC–MS and chemometrics offers a valuable tool for the identification of type‐specific volatile markers in lemon peels. This study provided an important study for the improvement of processing and design technology and quality enhancement of C. limon peels, in order to meet consumer demand.
A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Models of Stress: Pragmatic Insight Into Psychoneuroimmunology
Authors: Nisha Ashmun , Shamim Arshiya , Rizvi Aleza , Mahmood Tarique , Goswami Bhagyashree , Ahsan Farogh , Sharique Mohd , Parveen Saba
Published: February 2025

Psychoneuroimmunology is a scientific discipline exploring the interconnectedness of the nervous system, emotion state, and immune system. The current review examines the distinct mechanisms through which the mind and body interact when subjected to stress. Manifestations of psychoneuroimmunological stress encompass symptoms such as depression, aggression, fear, and social withdrawal, which can exert a profound impact on physiological well‐being. Some observations suggest that humans and nonhuman animals exhibit similar stress‐related symptoms, aiding in the identification of pharmacological pathways and potential clinical implications of therapeutic interventions. Animal stress models are predicated on varying approaches aimed at eliciting a motivational state to navigate and confront aversive circumstances. The current review describes the diverse stress induction models that have been investigated internationally, incorporating an ethological perspective that involves evaluating innate and unpunished behaviors through methodologies like the elevated plus maze, elevated zero maze, light‐dark box, and open field test. Additionally, conditioned operant conflict tests, such as the Vogel conflict test, fall under the purview of learning and punishment models. This category encompasses classic conditioning models like fear conditioning, psychosocial models such as social defeat, and physical and chronic unpredictable stress paradigms. In this review, we critically evaluate existing cognitive and behavioral frameworks underpinning the development and perpetuation of stress‐related disorders, while also elucidating the impact of immune system responses on the mental and physical health of animals. The primary objective of this review is to elucidate the array of animal models employed in previous research and the testing protocols used to assess animal performance in stress induction scenarios, with the ultimate aim of reducing mortality rates among research animals.
Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Analysis Reveal New Drug Targets for Oral Ulcer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Fan Hui , Zhang Xiaoguang , Wang Yanni , Chen Guozhong
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Oral ulcer (OU) is a complex issue with limited effective treatments. This study uses multi‐omics data through summary Mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization analysis to identify specific gene associations with OU, aiming to find new therapeutic targets, repurpose existing drugs, and develop new treatment options.

Methods

Our study consists of two phases: first, extracting data from Genome‐Wide Association Studies and using blood mQTL, eQTL, and pQTL data as exposure factors, then integrating these with OU gene data through SMR analysis. Then, we validate the results with UK Biobank data and perform colocalization analysis to confirm shared genetic variants.

Results

Genetically predicted levels of four circulating proteins are associated with OU. Under strong supportive evidence from mQTL, eQTL, and pQTL, genetically predicted levels of NFKB1 are negatively correlated with the risk of OU. With moderate supportive evidence from mQTL and pQTL, genetically predicted levels of FAIM3 are negatively correlated with the risk of OU. Meanwhile, under low supportive evidence from eQTL and pQTL, higher genetically predicted levels of JUND and lower levels of IL12β are associated with a higher risk of OU.

Conclusion

SMR approach employed in this study has pinpointed several proteins with tangible associations to the risk of OU. NFKB1, FAIM3, JUND, and IL12β stand out as promising therapeutic targets for OU, beckoning further exploration and research.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Use: A Cross‐Sectional Study of PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study
Authors: Roudgar Sepide , Joukar Farahnaz , Mojtahedi Kourosh , Maroufizadeh Saman , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Mansour‐Ghanaei Fariborz
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used extensively in the treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of PPI consumption and related factors in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study form the PGCS, and investigated 10,520 participants for PPI consumption, which were divided into two groups: users and nonusers. Demographical data, clinical characteristics, and PPI types were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and GraphPad Prism version 9, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.

Results

The prevalence of PPI use in the overall participants was 4.8%, and it was higher in females compared to males (6.1% vs. 3.3%). According to the regression analysis, being in the overweight category was associated with a 26% lower likelihood of PPI use (p = 0.021). Low physical activity was linked to a 1.72‐fold higher odds of PPI consumption (p < 0.001). Individuals with reflux, multiple underlying diseases, and the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) had significantly higher odds ratios for PPI consumption (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study highlights the concerning trend of increasing PPI use and identifies low physical activity, reflux, multiple underlying diseases, and NSAID use associated with higher risk of PPI use. It emphasizes the need for caution in prescribing PPIs and raising awareness among both healthcare providers and patients about the potential risks and side effects.
Discordance in crown‐rump length and nuchal translucency thickness in the prediction of adverse outcomes among monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies: A single‐center retrospective cohort study from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thi Thuy Phuong , Trinh Nhut Thu Huong , Dang Minh Doan , Ho Nguyen Thi Hong Cuc , Nguyen Phuc Nhon
Published: February 2025

Objective

To evaluate the usefulness of first‐trimester crown‐rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness discordance in predicting adverse outcomes in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled MCDA twin pregnancies in which CRL and NT were measured at 11–13+6 weeks of pregnancy and collected for pregnancy outcomes between January 2022 and June 2023 at Tu Du Hospital in Vietnam. The intertwin discrepancy of CRL and NT was calculated as a percentage of the larger fetuses and smaller fetuses. Regression analysis was used to determine the significance of the association between the intertwin discordance in NT and CRL and the development of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), fetal growth restriction (FGR), intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), and those with normal outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the performance of inter‐twin discrepancy in the prediction of FGR, TTTS, and IUFD.

Results

A total of 294 MCDA twin pregnancies were studied. Among them, 149 cases (50.7%) had at least one adverse outcome. The complications included TTTS in 82 cases (55.0%), FGR in 89 cases (59.7%), one IUFD in 95 cases (63.8%), and two IUFDs in 19 cases (12.8%). CRL discordance greater than 10.0% and NT discordance greater than 20.0% were not related to TTTS and IUFD, only to FGR. A CRL discordance greater than 20.0% decreased the survival rate of fetuses. CRL discordance greater than 10.0% had specificity in diagnosing TTTS, IUFD, and FGR of more than 80%, whereas, NT discordance greater than 20.0% had specificity in detecting these complications of more than 50.0%. A predictive model including CRL and NT discordance showed a poor value with area under the curve of:0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.69–0.75).

Conclusion

In MCDA twin pregnancies, discordant CRL greater than 10.0% was related to FGR. Meanwhile, an intertwin discordance of NT thickness greater than 20.0% was not related to TTTS, FGR, and IUFD. However, adequate surveillance is still required.
Memories of Parental Rejection in Childhood and Current Psychological Maladjustment Predict Men's Problems Recognising Facial Expressions of Emotion
Authors: Butt Muhammad Mussaffa , Melendez‐Rhodes Tatiana , Rohner Ronald P.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated whether men's memories of parental rejection in childhood affect their ability to recognise facial expressions of six basic emotions, possibly mediated by their current psychological maladjustment. Participants, including 350 men (Mage = 28.29, SD = 5.69) responded to the mother and father short forms of the Adult Parental Acceptance‐Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). They also completed the Facially Expressed Emotion Labelling Test. Results showed that the more rejected the men felt they had been in childhood by their mothers and fathers, and the more psychologically maladjusted they reported themselves to be at the current time, the more difficulty they had correctly identifying facial expressions of emotion. Further, results indicated that perceived maternal and paternal rejection, and psychological maladjustment, each predicted significant variations in the ability of men to recognise different facial expressions of emotion and predicted longer average reaction times to recognise facial expressions of emotions.
Linking dietary fiber to human malady through cumulative profiling of microbiota disturbance
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Huan , Li Yu , Wen Yanlong , Xu Tianxin , Chen Chen , Hao Shuxia , Hu Jielun , Nie Shaoping , Gao Fei , Jia Gengjie
Published: February 2025

Dietary fiber influences the composition and metabolic activity of microbial communities, impacting disease development. Current understanding of the intricate fiber‐microbe‐disease tripartite relationship remains fragmented and elusive, urging a systematic investigation. Here, we focused on microbiota disturbance as a robust index to mitigate various confounding factors and developed the Bio‐taxonomic Hierarchy Weighted Aggregation (BHWA) algorithm to integrate multi‐taxonomy microbiota disturbance data, thereby illuminating the complex relationships among dietary fiber, microbiota, and disease. By leveraging microbiota disturbance similarities, we (1) classified 32 types of dietary fibers into six functional subgroups, revealing correlations with fiber solubility; (2) established associations among 161 diseases, uncovering shared microbiota disturbance patterns that explain disease co‐occurrence (e.g., type II diabetes and kidney diseases) and distinct microbiota patterns that discern symptomatically similar diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome); (3) designed a body‐site‐specific microbiota disturbance scoring scheme, computing a disturbance score (DS) for each disease and highlighting the pronounced capacity of Crohn's disease to disturb gut microbiota (DS = 14.01) in contrast with food allergy's minimal capacity (DS = 0.74); (4) identified 1659 fiber‐disease associations, predicting the potential of dietary fiber to modulate specific microbiota changes associated with diseases of interest; (5) established murine models of inflammatory bowel disease to validate the preventive and therapeutic effects of arabinoxylan that notably perturbed the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, as well as the Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus genera, aligning with our model predictions. To enhance data accessibility and facilitate targeted dietary intervention development, we launched an interactive webtool—mDiFiBank at https://mdifibank.org.cn/.
Weight Gain Among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy—Facts and Numbers
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Butler Javed , Anker Markus
Published: February 2025

Cachexia affects up to 60% of patients with lung cancer, with its prevalence rising up to 80% in advanced stages of disease. In approximately 20% of cases, it is the primary cause of mortality. Five studies, including a total of 4467 patients, across range of cancer types reported data on weight gain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Across all five studies, an average of 18.3% of patients experienced weight gain > 5% (816 out of 4467 patients). The frequency of weight gain > 5% was highest among breast cancer patients, 18.9% in Pedersini et al (n = 169) and 33.0% in Sella et al (n = 687). In NSCLC patients, weight gain was reported in 18.3% in patients in Patel et al (n = 2301) and 11.7% in Roeland et al (n = 1030). In contrast, colorectal cancer patients showed only 5.7% of weight gain > 5% (Zutphen et al, n = 280). Additionally, weight loss > 5% was reported in 15.1% of breast cancer patients and 28.3% of colorectal cancer patients. Despite weight loss being quantified as a common endpoint in clinical trials focused on cancer cachexia, there is limited data on the impact of weight gain as a marker of a positive outcome among cancer patients. Studies have shown that weight gain of more than 5% within 3 months in NSCLC patients can be associated with improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) scores. In this post hoc analysis by Roeland et al., the authors defined different percentage cut‐off values for maximum weight gain among patients with non–small cell lung cancer within 3 months of starting platinum‐based chemotherapy. Among all categories, namely, weight gain > 0%, > 2.5% and > 5%, a significant benefit in overall and progression‐free survival was seen and was comparable among all groups. These findings highlight the clinical significance of incorporating strategies that encourage weight gain and to prevent weight loss at the least among cancer patients. Along with further delving into the prognostic value of weight gain and developing methods to encourage this response among cancer patients, future studies should use standardized assessment tools to identify weight gain that could be attributed to underlying pathologic processes such as oedema and congestion. We also suggest that monitoring and reporting of weight changes should be done in all cancer trials.