bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of a US climate policy and air quality regulations on future air quality and climate change
Authors: Lee Yunha , Shindell Drew T. , Faluvegi Greg , Pinder Rob W.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. We have investigated how future air quality and climate change are influenced by the US air quality regulations that existed or were proposed in 2013 and a hypothetical climate mitigation policy that aims to reduce 2050 CO2 emissions to be 50 % below 2005 emissions. Using the NASA GISS ModelE2 general circulation model, we look at the impacts for year 2030 and 2055. The US energy-sector emissions are from the GLIMPSE project (GEOS-Chem LIDORT Integrated with MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) for the Purpose of Scenario Exploration), and other US emissions data sets and the rest of the world emissions data sets are based on the RCP4.5 scenario. The US air quality regulations are projected to have a strong beneficial impact on US air quality and public health in year 2030 and 2055 but result in positive radiative forcing. Under this scenario, no more emission constraints are added after 2020, and the impacts on air quality and climate change are similar between year 2030 and 2055. Surface particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is reduced by ∼ 2 µg m−3 on average over the USA, and surface ozone by ∼ 8 ppbv. The improved air quality prevents about 91 400 premature deaths in the USA, mainly due to the PM2.5 reduction (∼ 74 200 lives saved). The air quality regulations reduce the light-reflecting aerosols (i.e., sulfate and organic matter) more than the light-absorbing species (i.e., black carbon and ozone), leading to a strong positive radiative forcing (RF) over the USA by both aerosols' direct and indirect forcing: the total RF is  ∼ 0.04 W m−2 over the globe, and ∼ 0.8 W m−2 over the USA. Under the hypothetical climate policy, a future CO2 emissions cut is achieved in part by relying less on coal, and thus SO2 emissions are noticeably reduced. This provides air quality co-benefits, but it could lead to potential climate disbenefits over the USA. In 2055, the US mean total RF is +0.22 W m−2 due to positive aerosol direct and indirect forcing, while the global mean total RF is −0.06 W m−2 due to the dominant negative CO2 RF (instantaneous RF). To achieve a regional-scale climate benefit via a climate policy, it is critical (1) to have multinational efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and (2) to simultaneously target emission reduction of light-absorbing species (e.g., BC and O3) on top of long-lived species. The latter is very desirable as the resulting climate benefit occurs faster and provides co-benefits to air quality and public health.
Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms – Part 3: Temperature uncertainty budget
Authors: Leblanc Thierry , Sica Robert J. , van Gijsel J.  Anne E. , Haefele Alexander , Payen Guillaume , Liberti Gianluigi
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A standardized approach for the definition, propagation and reporting of uncertainty in the temperature lidar data products contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. One important aspect of the proposed approach is the ability to propagate all independent uncertainty components in parallel through the data processing chain. The individual uncertainty components are then combined together at the very last stage of processing to form the temperature combined standard uncertainty. The identified individual uncertainty components comprise signal detection uncertainty, uncertainty due to saturation correction, background noise extraction, the merging of multiple channels, the absorption cross-sections of ozone and NO2, the molecular extinction cross-sections, the a priori use of ancillary air, ozone, and NO2 number density, the a priori use of ancillary temperature to tie-on the top of the profile, the acceleration of gravity, and the molecular mass of air. The expression of the individual uncertainty components and their step-by-step propagation through the temperature data processing chain are thoroughly estimated. All sources of uncertainty except detection noise imply correlated terms in the vertical dimension, which means that covariance terms must be taken into account when vertical filtering is applied and when temperature is integrated form the top of the profile. Quantitatively, the uncertainty budget is presented in a generic form (i.e., as a function of instrument performance and wavelength), so that any NDACC temperature lidar investigator can easily estimate the expected impact of individual uncertainty components in the case of their own instrument. An example of a full uncertainty budget obtained from actual measurements by the JPL lidar at the Mauna Loa Observatory is also provided.
What is the P value of Siberian soils? Soil phosphorus status in south-western Siberia and comparison with a global data set
Authors: Brédoire Félix , Bakker Mark R. , Augusto Laurent , Barsukov Pavel A. , Derrien Delphine , Nikitich Polina , Rusalimova Olga , Zeller Bernd , Achat David L.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Climate change is particularly strong in northern Eurasia and substantial ecological changes are expected in this extensive region. The reshaping and migration northwards of bioclimatic zones may offer opportunities for agricultural development in western and central Siberia. However, the bioclimatic vegetation models currently employed for projections still do not consider soil fertility, in spite of this being highly critical for plant growth. In the present study, we surveyed the phosphorus (P) status in the south-west of Siberia where soils have developed on loess parent material. We selected six sites differing in pedoclimatic conditions and the soil was sampled at different depths down to 1 m in aspen (Populus tremula L.) forest as well as in grassland areas. The P status was assessed by conventional methods and by isotope dilution kinetics. We found that P concentrations and stocks, as well as their distribution through the soil profile, were fairly homogeneous on the regional scale studied, although there were some differences between sites (particularly in organic P). The young age of the soils, together with slow kinetics of soil formation processes have probably not yet resulted in a sufficiently wide range of soil physico-chemical conditions to observe a more diverging P status. The comparison of our data set with similar vegetation contexts on the global scale revealed that the soils of south-western Siberia, and more generally of northern Eurasia, often have (very) high levels of total, organic and inorganic P. The amount of plant-available P in topsoils, estimated by the isotopically exchangeable phosphate ions, was not particularly high but was intermediate on the global scale. However, large stocks of plant-available P are stored in subsurface layers which currently have low fine-root exploration intensities. These results suggest that the P resource is unlikely to constrain vegetation growth and agricultural development under the present conditions or in the near future.
Looking beyond stratification: a model-based analysis of the biological drivers of oxygen deficiency in the North Sea
Authors: Große Fabian , Greenwood Naomi , Kreus Markus , Lenhart Hermann-Josef , Machoczek Detlev , Pätsch Johannes , Salt Lesley , Thomas Helmuth
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Low oxygen conditions, often referred to as oxygen deficiency, occur regularly in the North Sea, a temperate European shelf sea. Stratification represents a major process regulating the seasonal dynamics of bottom oxygen, yet, lowest oxygen conditions in the North Sea do not occur in the regions of strongest stratification. This suggests that stratification is an important prerequisite for oxygen deficiency, but that the complex interaction between hydrodynamics and the biological processes drives its evolution. In this study we use the ecosystem model HAMSOM-ECOHAM to provide a general characterisation of the different zones of the North Sea with respect to oxygen, and to quantify the impact of the different physical and biological factors driving the oxygen dynamics inside the entire sub-thermocline volume and directly above the bottom. With respect to oxygen dynamics, the North Sea can be subdivided into three different zones: (1) a highly productive, non-stratified coastal zone, (2) a productive, seasonally stratified zone with a small sub-thermocline volume, and (3) a productive, seasonally stratified zone with a large sub-thermocline volume. Type 2 reveals the highest susceptibility to oxygen deficiency due to sufficiently long stratification periods (>  60 days) accompanied by high surface productivity resulting in high biological consumption, and a small sub-thermocline volume implying both a small initial oxygen inventory and a strong influence of the biological consumption on the oxygen concentration. Year-to-year variations in the oxygen conditions are caused by variations in primary production, while spatial differences can be attributed to differences in stratification and water depth. The large sub-thermocline volume dominates the oxygen dynamics in the northern central and northern North Sea and makes this region insusceptible to oxygen deficiency. In the southern North Sea the strong tidal mixing inhibits the development of seasonal stratification which protects this area from the evolution of low oxygen conditions. In contrast, the southern central North Sea is highly susceptible to low oxygen conditions (type 2). We furthermore show that benthic diagenetic processes represent the main oxygen consumers in the bottom layer, consistently accounting for more than 50 % of the overall consumption. Thus, primary production followed by remineralisation of organic matter under stratified conditions constitutes the main driver for the evolution of oxygen deficiency in the southern central North Sea. By providing these valuable insights, we show that ecosystem models can be a useful tool for the interpretation of observations and the estimation of the impact of anthropogenic drivers on the North Sea oxygen conditions.
The role of coccoliths in protecting Emiliania huxleyi against stressful light and UV radiation
Authors: Xu Juntian , Bach Lennart T. , Schulz Kai G. , zhao Wenyan , Gao Kunshan , Riebesell Ulf
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Coccolithophores are a group of phytoplankton species which cover themselves with small scales (coccoliths) made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The reason why coccolithophores form these calcite platelets has been a matter of debate since decades but has remained elusive so far. One hypothesis is that they serve a role in light/UV protection, especially in surface dwelling species like Emiliania huxleyi which can tolerate exceptionally high levels of solar radiation. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by culturing a calcifying and a non-calcifying strain under different light conditions with and without UV radiation. The coccoliths of E. huxleyi reduced the transmission of visible radiation (400–700 nm) by 7.5 %, UV-A (315–400 nm) by 14.1 % and UVB (280–315 nm) by 18.4 %. Growth rates of the calcifying strain (PML B92/11) were about 2 times higher than those of the non-calcifying strain (CCMP 2090) under indoor constant light levels in the absence of UV radiation. When exposed to outdoor conditions (fluctuating sunlight with UV radiation), growth rates of calcified cells were almost 3.5 times higher compared to naked cells. Furthermore, relative electron transport rate was 114 % higher and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) 281 % higher in the calcifying compared to the non-calcifying strain, implying higher energy transfer associated with higher NPQ in the presence of calcification. When exposed to natural solar radiation including UV radiation, maximal quantum yield of photosystem II was only slightly reduced in the calcifying but strongly reduced in the non-calcifying strain. Our results reveal an important role of coccoliths in mitigating light and UV stress in E. huxleyi.
Modelling long-term impacts of mountain pine beetle outbreaks on merchantable biomass, ecosystem carbon, albedo, and radiative forcing
Authors: Landry Jean-Sébastien , Parrott Lael , Price David T. , Ramankutty Navin , Matthews H. Damon
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The ongoing major outbreak of mountain pine beetle (MPB) in forests of western North America has led to considerable research efforts. Yet many questions remain unaddressed regarding its long-term impacts, especially when accounting for the range of possible responses from the non-target vegetation (i.e., deciduous trees and lower-canopy shrubs and grasses). We used the Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) process-based ecosystem model along with the recently incorporated Marauding Insect Module (MIM) to quantify, over 240 years, the impacts of various MPB outbreak regimes on lodgepole pine merchantable biomass, ecosystem carbon, surface albedo, and the net radiative forcing on global climate caused by the changes in ecosystem carbon and albedo. We performed simulations for three locations in British Columbia, Canada, having different climatic conditions, and four scenarios of various coexisting vegetation types with variable growth release responses. The impacts of MPB outbreaks on merchantable biomass (decrease) and surface albedo (increase) were similar across the 12 combinations of locations and vegetation coexistence scenarios. The main finding from our study was that the impacts on ecosystem carbon and radiative forcing, on the contrary, varied substantially in magnitude and sign depending upon the presence and response of the non-target vegetation, particularly for the two locations not subjected to growing-season soil moisture stress. Despite major uncertainty in the value of the resulting radiative forcing, a simple analysis also suggested a smaller impact on global temperature from the MPB outbreak in British Columbia compared to one month of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production. Moreover, we found that: (1) outbreak severity (i.e., per-event mortality) had a stronger effect than outbreak return interval on the variables studied, (2) MPB-induced changes in carbon dynamics had a stronger effect than concurrent changes in albedo on net radiative forcing, and (3) the physical presence of MPB-killed dead standing trees was potentially beneficial to tree regrowth.
Are there multiple scaling regimes in Holocene temperature records?
Authors: Nilsen Tine , Rypdal Kristoffer , Fredriksen Hege-Beate
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The concept of multiple scaling regimes in temperature time series is examined, with emphasis on the question whether or not a monoscaling model with one single scaling regime can be rejected from observation data from the Holocene. A model for internal variability with only one regime is simpler and allows more certain predictions on timescales of centuries when combined with existing knowledge of radiative forcing. Our analysis of spectra from stable isotope ratios from Greenland and Antarctica ice cores shows that a scale break around centennial timescales is evident for the last glacial period, but not for the Holocene. Spectra from a number of late Holocene multiproxy temperature reconstructions, and one from the entire Holocene, have also been analysed, without identifying a significant scale break. Our results indicate that a single-regime scaling climate noise, with some non-scaling fluctuations on a millennial timescale superposed, cannot be rejected as a null model for the Holocene climate. The scale break observed from the glacial time ice-core records is likely caused by the influence of Dansgaard–Oeschger events and teleconnections to the Southern Hemisphere on centennial timescales. From our analysis we conclude that the two-regime model is not sufficiently justified for the Holocene to be used for temperature prediction on centennial timescales.
A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea-surface temperature for climate monitoring, modeling and environmental studies
Authors: Banzon Viva , Smith Thomas M. , Chin Toshio Mike , Liu Chunying , Hankins William
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This paper describes a blended sea-surface temperature (SST) data set that is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Data Record (CDR) program product suite. Using optimum interpolation (OI), in situ and satellite observations are combined on a daily and 0.25° spatial grid to form an SST analysis, i.e., a spatially complete field. A large-scale bias adjustment of the input infrared SSTs is made using buoy and ship observations as a reference. This is particularly important for the time periods when volcanic aerosols from the El Chichón and Mt. Pinatubo eruptions are widespread globally. The main source of SSTs is the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), available from late 1981 to the present, which is also the temporal span of this CDR. The input and processing choices made to ensure a consistent data set that meets the CDR requirements are summarized. A brief history and an explanation of the forward production schedule for the preliminary and science-quality final product are also provided. The data set is produced and archived at the newly formed National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in Network Common Data Form (netCDF) at doi:10.7289/V5SQ8XB5.
Hypoxia disaster in waters adjacent to the Changjiang estuary
Authors: Luo Xiaofan , Wei Hao , Fan Renfu , Liu Zhe , Zhao Liang
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Based on observational data from ten cruises carried out in 2012 and 2013, the distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and hypoxia (DO < 2.0 mg L−1) evolution in waters adjacent to the Changjiang estuary are studied. The linkage between summer hypoxia and hydrodynamic conditions is explored. The results suggest that hypoxia frequently occurred from June to October to the south of the Changjiang estuary near the 30–50 m isobaths and was prone to happen under strong stratification without the presence of the Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSW). Over the Changjiang Bank, hypoxia mainly occurred in July, August and September. Low-oxygen areas initially exist under strong stratification induced by the spreading of the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), and develop into hypoxia centers due to the lack of supplement of the relatively DO-rich Yellow Sea Water and the KSW. The evolution of hypoxia in a year is influenced by conditions of the shelf circulation especially the paths of the KSW and the CDW. Thus, further study on the salinity evolution in the bottom layer of the water to the south of the Changjiang estuary and in the surface layer over the Changjiang Bank, that indicates the extensions of the KSW and the CDW, is needed for improving the hypoxia prediction.
CAUSAÇÃO CUMULATIVA EM MYRDAL E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS ENQUANTO ALTERNATIVAS AO CONCEITO DE EQUILÍBRIO
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Dumont , Attílio Luccas Assis
Published: April 2016

O artigo discute em que medida o conceito de causação cumulativa (em geral) permite superar as dificuldades relacionadas ao conceito de equilíbrio para se pensar em desenvolvimento econômico e apresenta o conceito de causação cumulativa de Myrdal (em particular). Para além de argumentar que a abordagem de Myrdal consiste em um arcabouço amplo que incorpora elementos pós-keynesianos, institucionalistas e evolucionários, analisamos alguns trabalhos de Setterfield como um desdobramento do pensamento de Myrdal. Nosso argumento é de que através de uma visão holística do sistema econômico que combina distintas vertentes, pode-se tratar o tema desenvolvimento econômico combinando questões relacionadas ao crescimento econômico com a análise histórica da evolução das instituições. Para ilustrar discutimos a incorporação de path-dependency, lock-in e institutional interrelatedness em um modelo proposto por Setterfield.
The Effects of US State-Level Energy and Environmental Policies on Clean Tech Innovation and Employment
Authors: Gittell Ross , Stillwagon Josh
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the influence of US state-level policies meant to address climate change on clean technology industry development. The largest influence of climate change policies is identified as being on energy research employment. Only some policies seem to contribute positively to clean tech employment while other policies appear to discourage employment growth. The magnitudes of the short term effects, even when statistically significant, are modest. Negative impacts on employment are identified for several mandate-oriented, so called command and control, policies including vehicle greenhouse gas standards, energy efficiency resource standards, and renewable portfolio standards with the former two having increasing negative effects over time. The findings suggest that climate change policy advocates should be careful to not assume that there will be positive clean tech employment benefits from state-level energy and environmental policies. Instead, the benefits from these policies may derive primarily from other considerations beyond the scope of this paper, including health and environmental benefits and reduction of dependence on foreign energy sources.
Prior-Learning, Cumulative Science Experiences and the Absorptive Capacity of Bio-Entrepreneurs: A Case of the East Midlands Region, England
Authors: Simba Amon
Published: April 2016

In the modern healthcare and medical sectors corporate bio-pharmaceutical firms continue to scale down their in-house research and development (R&D) activities in favour of outsourcing the services to bio-tech ventures. These small but, entrepreneurial research-oriented organisations have increased dramatically. They are predominantly owned by bio-entrepreneurs who are extensively experienced scientists. In the science-based industry they operate in, innovation “ecosystems” consisting of global business and social networks are a common feature. As such, they have to consistently exploit them to complement the knowledge gaps in their enterprises. In that context, the paper sets out to investigate five bio-entrepreneurs currently active in biotechnology within the East Midlands region in England. It particularly examines the role performed by their prior-learning and their cumulative science experiences in recognising, assimilating and productively applying science-related knowledge acquired in their innovation “ecosystems”.
Social and Cultural Context Affecting the Activities of Women Painters of Pahlavi Era (1925-1978)
Authors: Heris Azadeh Alipoor , Dadvar Abolghasem
Published: April 2016

Different factors were affecting the presence of women during the Pahlavi era. In new structures after the constitutional period and along with the absolute modernism of Pahlavi, discourses changes were made based on democracy, socialism, Shia resistance and autonomy, court to government and political figures to people. During this period the role of women was formed on the basis of their social position and in their gender approach it changed from a  to a . The consequences of social contexts led to witness more active presence of women during Pahlavi era compared with the past periods particularly in the visual arts arena; so that the history of the Tehran galleries from 1953-1978 which reflects their activities during that time confirms this fact. The purpose of the present essay is to analyze the social contexts which have attracted women from margin to the center and attending to them since no study has been done in this respect seems essential and it’s an attempt to answer the question that what social contexts have been influential in boosting up the presence of women especially women painters of Pahlavi era? In this research the data collect is library type and filed study and it has been compiled in a comparative descriptive-analytic method, the origin and social contexts of the women painters of the Pahlavi era whose works were displayed were studied and analyzed and it can be inferred that the presence of supportive men in families, education, social context, urban life, publicizing the culture thanks to the cultural foundations and media, the actual and legal presence of the queen, government support due to cultural policies, women social movements, and the transformation of the women role in twentieth century had decisive role on enhancing the social position of women particularly the role of the women painters of the second Pahlavi era.
Alternative Theoretical Foundations of Penal Sentences in Criminal Law with Regard to Iran's Islamic Penal Code 1392
Authors: Hamdamiyan Ahmad , Behniafar Ahmad Reza
Published: April 2016

The failure of penalties depriving liberty in the social rehabilitation of offenders and to reduce the jail population and prevention of recidivism and reduce the costs of implementing the policy of freedom depriving punishment sentence depriving freedom of recent decades and the United Nations was considering legal systems.In depriving Iran from its initial rounds of legislative measures to restrict the scope of punishment was considered free.since 1370 substitution of alternative measures of punishment now widely spread than ever before converting a penalty in the form of suspension of its operation are available depriving of freedom.
Alternatives to punishment of imprisonment in the Penal Code in 1992 was taken into consideration in the new Penal Code in 1392 in addition to the previous alternatives of new cases of alternative punishment of prison is considered that including the daily fine, public services and care period pointed out.
Why Hackers Become Crackers – An Analysis of Conflicts Faced by Hackers
Authors: Guo Boyu
Published: April 2016

Hacker culture is generally regarded as a subculture, and the public has a high degree of misunderstanding towards hackers. The media reports sometimes depict hackers overly negatively, possibly because hackers could gain a dominant position in the age of information and, therefore, threaten the existing balance of social power distribution. Moreover, those reports, whether intentionally or not, misunderstand the meaning of “hackers”: “Hackers” are people who want to identify and solve problems directly and effectively, but “crackers” are those who cause problems for society.
However, it is not merely a problem of media’s misnomer. This research shows that apart from the media distortion of hacker identity, even the hackers with positive intentions still have real potential to become crackers. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to understand why the transition from “hackers” to “crackers” takes place by identifying crucial factors that influence hackers’ behaviors. Specifically, the inherent conflicts between cyberspace and the real world can turn hackers into crackers. Through the research, two major conflicts are identified: the conflict between freedom and responsibility and the conflict between individuality and authority. To support the arguments, the history of hacker culture and specific cases of hacking events are studied and discussed. The research also brings a crucial issue: how do we co-exist with information technology in a society that is increasingly computerized and digitalized? To face this problem, we need to comprehensively understand situations faced by human civilization in the information era. Hacker culture is, therefore, a practical perspective of studying social transformations in the development of technology.
De stand van de stelselherziening: van wetsvoorstel naar Omgevingswet
Authors: de Vos H.W. (Wilco)
Published: April 2016

De stand van de stelselherziening: van wetsvoorstel naar Omgevingswet

In dit artikel volgt allereerst een korte terugblik op de behandeling in de Eerste Kamer. Wat waren de belangrijkste thema’s en wat zijn de gevolgen voor de andere onderdelen van de stelselherziening? Voor de inwerkingtreding van het nieuwe stelsel zullen nog vele stappen worden gezet. Het tweede deel van het artikel bevat een vooruitblik op het vervolg van de stelselherziening. Wat gebeurt er de komende tijd rondom de aanvullingswetten, de invoeringswet en de AMvB’s?
De introductie van private partijen in het bouwtoezicht. Waar moeten we om denken?
Authors: Outhuijse A. (Annalies)
Published: April 2016

De introductie van private partijen in het bouwtoezicht. Waar moeten we om denken?

De Wet kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen realiseert de privatisering van het bouwtoezicht. Eerdere ervaringen, in binnen- en buitenland, laten zien dat de privatisering van toezicht gepaard kan gaan met negatieve effecten. Dit artikel bekijkt hoe privaat toezicht in de bouwsector kan worden geïntroduceerd, gelet op de mogelijke negatieve effecten, knelpunten en belangen van de diverse actoren. De auteur besluit met het formuleren van enkele aanbevelingen ter inperking van de mogelijke negatieve effecten.
Pesquisa Via Internet como Técnica de Coleta de Dados: Um Balanço da Literatura e os Principais Desafios para sua Utilização
Authors: Calliyeris Vasiliki , Roble Gilmara Lima de Elua , Costa Cirineu , Souza Warton Da Silva
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o referencial bibliogrfico sobre o tema levantamento de dados via internet, identificando os principais autores que debatem sobre esta forma de coleta de dados e apontando os tpicos mais discutidos, por estes autores, no meio acadmico. Para tal, a pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas. A primeira foi uma pesquisa documental no banco de dados Web of Science, que procurou identificar o nmero total de publicaes, reas temticas, ano das publicaes, autores, tipos de documentos, ttulo das fontes, agncias financiadoras, instituies, idiomas e pases destas publicaes. Na segunda etapa, buscou-se evidenciar o que debatem os autores que focam suas discusses sobre a tcnica em si, como alternativa contempornea de coleta de dados, frente a outras tcnicas existentes no mercado, como entrevista presencial, telefnica e por correio. A anlise dos dados mostrou que a tcnica de coleta via internet vem sendo muito utilizada por vrias reas temticas, em um crescente, nos ltimos anos, por pases da Amrica do Norte, Europa, sia, Oceania, e at pelo Brasil. A pesquisa evidenciou que os principais autores, das reas temticas que discutem o tema com o foco na tcnica de coleta em si, debatem sobre a abordagem do potencial respondente (para no comprometer o ndice de respostas), a estrutura e desenho do instrumento de coleta, a questo da representatividade da amostra selecionada e a preocupao quanto qualidade dos dados coletados.
Predição de Uso Tecnológico de Estudantes da Rede Pública: Um Estudo de Caso sobre a Usabilidade e Aceitação do Netbook
Authors: Costa Everaldo Marcelo Souza da , Arruda Filho Emílio José Montero
Published: April 2016

Esse trabalho contempla uma anlise do perodo anterior entrega do netbook, aos alunos de uma escola pblica em Belm-Pa. O objetivo verificar as expectativas de usabilidade dessa tecnologia pelos mesmos. A Tcnica escolhida proposta dessa pesquisa foi um survey, com coleta de dados online e anlise quantitativa, cujas variveis advm da literatura de marketing. Por fim, argui-se que estudantes predizem aceitar um equipamento tecnolgico, caso o mesmo possua tecnologia similar s conhecidas por eles, dentro de valores hednicos com justificativas utilitrias de uso.
Crise Local de Marca Global e o Uso de Monitoramento de Redes Sociais
Authors: Salvador Alexandre Borba , Strehlau Vivian Iara , Ikeda Ana Akemi
Published: April 2016

Num contexto de globalizao de produtos e marcas, mudana no controle da gerao de informao e aumento da visibilidade de crises de marca, passa a ser mais importante para os gestores de marketing avaliarem a possibilidade de um transbordamento dos efeitos negativos de uma crise local de marca global para diversos mercados. Esta pesquisa apresenta como propsito a investigao da visibilidade de uma crise local de uma marca global em outros mercados. O mtodo utilizado foi anlise de contedo aplicada a uma base de dados de posts realizados em lngua inglesa na rede social digital Twitter, referentes a uma crise de marca ocorrida no Brasil. O resultado do estudo sugere a confirmao da existncia de repercusso uma crise local de uma marca global em outros mercados.
Data, Technology & Social Media: Their Invasive Role in Contemporary Marketing
Authors: Vel K. Prakash , Brobbey Collins Agyapong , Salih Abdalrhman , Jaheer Hafsa
Published: April 2016

Marketers have paid a huge price for their inability to decipher which trend has come to stay and which one is a fad. Such a challenge has jeopardized the survival of blue-chip brands, as marketers anticipated in vain the end of existing red ocean strategies. Essentially, the traditional marketing strategies associated with the success of well-known brands in the past are losing their relevance in the current context. There is the need to identify and understand modern trends and their implications to marketing strategy development. In light of this, this study examines fourteen (14) fundamental game changing trends that are poised to impact the traditional practices and perceptions associated with marketing at the operational and strategic levels. The study presents the trends under three categories, the invasive role of technology, data, and social media, alongside looking at their impact on contemporary marketing. Each trend has been identified and analyzed based on in-depth interviews with industry experts as the primary source of data. Relevant data has also been given to present a holistic perspective on each trend.
Influências da Preocupação Ambiental e do Ceticismo frente à Propaganda no Consumo de Produtos Verdes
Authors: Da Silva Dirceu , Urdan André Torres , Merlo Edgard Monforte , Dias Karina Tonelli Silveira
Published: April 2016

Com o objetivo analisar a influncia do ceticismo e da preocupao ambiental na percepo do indivduo para a inteno de compra e compra declarada de produtos verdes no varejo, foi realizado um survey com 1233 consumidores para observar este efeito na relao entre inteno e compra declarada de produtos verdes e entender a disposio do consumidor em transformar sua preocupao ambiental e sua confiana no apelo verde do produto em prtica. Como resultado, foi observado que o consumidor leva mais em considerao a sua rotina de compra e a sua experincia passada do que a preocupao ambiental e a influncia de propagandas com apelo verde. Sendo assim, o consumo de produtos verdes no varejo precisa de mecanismos voltados para a mudana de habito e quebra de paradigmas (consumidor e varejista).
Investigating the Relationship of Library Usage to Student Outcomes
Authors: Stemmer John K. , Mahan David M.
Published: April 2016

This study connects library user surveys, a common library assessment technique, to institutional data to demonstrate the value an academic library brings to student learning and student outcomes. Using regression techniques, the study identifies multiple significant correlations, both positive and negative, between student use of the library and student learning and outcomes as measured by retention, graduation, and grade point average (GPA). The library factors associated with student outcomes change over the course of the four-year undergraduate experience. Methods used in this study could be a model for other institutions seeking a means for assessing the library’s relationship to student learning and outcomes.
Describing Images: A Case Study of Visual Literacy among Library and Information Science Students
Authors: Beaudoin Joan E.
Published: April 2016

This paper reports on a study that examined the development of pedagogical methods for increasing the visual literacy skills of a group of library and information science students. Through a series of three assignments, students were asked to provide descriptive information for a set of historical photographs and record reflections on their experiences via blog posts. The three separate versions of the image descriptions submitted by the students were analyzed to discern changes using descriptive statistics, and their blog posts were examined to identify recurrent themes using the constant comparative method. Findings associated with the image descriptions indicate that students’ skill in describing the photographs show a modest increase across the three versions. Analysis of the blog postings revealed an overarching theme of frustration associated with the experience of developing image descriptions among the students. The underlying reasons for their frustrations are examined, and suggestions are provided for further increasing students’ abilities to describe images.
Mathematical competence, teaching, and learning. Reflections on 'Challenges in Mathematical Cognition' by Alcock et al. (2016)
Authors: Lee Kerry
Published: April 2016

In this commentary, I focus on the notion of competence and issues related to the distinction between knowing how mathematical problems are solved versus knowing how to teach mathematics. Although definitions of competence may necessarily be affected by value judgements and thus less amenable to factual answers, providing a defensible definition is important because it affects eligibility for intervention and treatment. One way to tackle this issue is to focus on the identification of prerequisite skills and concepts needed for particular domains of mathematics. Recent work on fraction and algebra has shown that long held assumptions may need to be re-examined. On knowledge versus application, some cautionary notes are made on the importance of not losing sight of translating our knowledge of processes involved in mathematical problem solving into better pedagogical practices. [Commentary on: Alcock, L., Ansari, D., Batchelor, S., Bisson, M.-J., De Smedt, B., Gilmore, C., . . . Weber, K. (2016). Challenges in mathematical cognition: A collaboratively-derived research agenda. Journal of Numerical Cognition, 2, 20-41. doi:10.5964/jnc.v2i1.10]
A practitioner’s perspective of multidisciplinary teams: Analysis of potential barriers and key factors for success
Authors: Roncaglia Irina
Published: April 2016

The concept of Multidisciplinary team working is well established in the literature within health and social sciences, as well as in the last decade within sport science teams. Knowledge and expertise that stems from different disciplines, which aim to be complementary and enriching can bring great benefits and potentially positive outcomes to clients, teams and organisation as a whole. However, little has been written and reported on the barriers and risks that stem from this multidisciplinary approach. The aim of this paper is to highlight and reflect on the potential barriers and risk factors that arise within this concept of multidisciplinary teams approach and to present and reflect on some corrective treatments. Suggestions which function as critical factors for success are then presented. This paper solely reflects on the author’s experiences in working within multidisciplinary teams over a period of time of twenty-four months across a number of health, education and social care providers in the UK. A framework is suggested in order to better understand and ultimately address some of the challenges faced by this approach. Furthermore the paper proposes drivers for positive change which are highlighted in this context.
Личност, кариерни интереси и стратегии за професионална реализация в годините на възникващата зрелост (18-29 г)
Authors: Papazova Eva
Published: April 2016

Една от психосоциалните задачи на развитието през годините на възникващата зрелост (18-29 г.) е свързана с избора на кариера. Настоящата статия се опитва да изясни професионалната идентичност на младите хора в България, посредством техните кариерни интереси, стратегии за трудова реализация и личностни особености. Извадката се състои от 257 изследвани лица на възраст 18-29 г. Използвана е скалата на Орегон за измерване на професионалните интереси - ORVIS (Pozzebon, Visser, Ashton, Lee, & Goldberg, 2010), въпросник за изучаване на алтернативи и стратегии за трудова реализация (Bozhinova, 2003) и въпросник за измерване на пет факторната структура на личността - Big Five model (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Резултатите от изследването показаха, че в годините на възникваща зрелост се открояват професионалните интереси Креативност, Алтруизъм и Лидерство в комбинация със средноактивна стратегия за реализация и ориентиране на пазара на труда. Личностните фактори, които доминират, са Съзнателност, Отвореност към опита и Доброжелателност. Петте фактора на личността си взаимодействат слабо със седем от осемте професионални интереса при младежите. Трите типа стратегии за трудова реализация си взаимодействат от слабо до умерено с някои от големите пет фактора на личността и осемте професионални интереси по скалата на Орегон.
Role of computer self-efficacy and gender in computer-based test anxiety among undergraduates in Nigeria
Authors: Balogun Anthony Gbenro , Olanrewaju Adebayo Sulaiman
Published: April 2016

This study examined the role of computer self-efficacy and gender in computer-based test (CBT) anxiety among a sample of Nigerian undergraduates. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Using a purposive sampling technique, 241 undergraduates (110 males and 131 females) were selected from a public university in Ondo State, Nigeria. Their ages ranged from 17 to 29 years with a Mean of 23.10 (SD = 5.10). Standardized questionnaires were used for data collection. Two hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression and independent t-test. The results showed that undergraduates who had higher level of computer self-efficacy were less likely to experience CBT anxiety (β = -.41; p < .01). Female undergraduates (M = 65.74) reported higher level of CBT anxiety than their male counterparts (M = 52.43). Therefore, to reduce computer-based test anxiety among undergraduates, we suggest that university managements should organize psychological training that would help enhance undergraduates (especially female undergraduates) computer self-efficacy.
The Q-test: Know your self-monitoring style in 6 seconds
Authors: Vargas Maria E. S. , Durkee Cassandra M.
Published: April 2016

The current study compared the Q-test, a colloquial measure of self-monitoring, to the reliable and validated 18-item Self-Monitoring Scale-Revised (Gangestad & Snyder, 1985). Self-monitoring theory contends that individuals differ on how they regulate their self-presentation, and via self-observation individuals can adjust their behaviors to accommodate social situations (Snyder, 1987). Tracing the capital letter “Q” on the forehead can supposedly provide a rough measure of self-monitoring. The “Q” can be traced on the forehead in two different orientations. It can be traced such that its tail is placed in such a way that it is pointing towards the person’s left shoulder, making the capital “Q” readable to their audience. It can also be traced in such that its tail is placed in such a way that it is pointing towards the person’s right shoulder, making the capital “Q” readable to the person. In theory, a “Q” that is readable to others corresponds to high self-monitors and “Q” readable to the individual corresponds to low self-monitors. Results showed that the Q-test carries some merit; the correlation between the Q-test and Gangestad and Snyder’s (1985) 18-item Self-Monitoring Scale-Revised was statistically significant.
Динамика в основните индивидуални ценности при български студенти във възникваща зрелост – 18-29 г.
Authors: Garvanova Magdalena , Papazova Eva
Published: April 2016

Статията прави съпоставка на данни от три емпирични изследвания, реализирани през 1995, 2005 и 2015 г. с методиката на Шалом Шварц за измерване на основни индивидуални ценности (Schwartz Value Survey – SVS; Schwartz, 1992) сред студенти на 18-29-годишна възраст. Целта е да се проследи динамиката в значимостта и йерархията на ценностите в тази възрастова група, който е слабо анализиран в психологическата литература проблем. Резултатите от проучването разкриват, че в рамките на 20-годишния период се увеличава значимостта както на индивидуалните, така и на колективните ценности. Ценностните приоритети не се изменят във времето, но стават по-амбивалентни – към себенасочеността се присъединява сигурността и конформността при ценностните категории, а към откритостта към промени и себетрансцедентирането – консерватизмът при полюсите на ценностните дименсии. В резултат на интензивното нарастване на някои колективни ценности като конформността и консерватизма през 2015 г. колективните интереси имат превес над индивидуалните. Изследването повдига някои въпроси, свързани с особеностите на ценностните модели в тази възрастова група и тяхната промяна в посттоталитарен контекст.
Myths and Facts about Placebo
Authors: Hans-Joachim Kremer
Published: April 2016

Many patients, physicians, and sometimes even academics have questionable perceptions of placebo and the so-called placebo effect, Many believe that placebo have its own effects. Although psychological aspects, namely expectations of patients or the persuasive power of the physicians, might sometimes be substantial, such aspects may have little or even no relevance in other situation where placebo control is essential nevertheless. Even in settings where psychological effects should be envisaged, their extent is usually highly variable, indicating that other factors might still exceed the importance of psychological effects. Placebo is defined in US regulations as an inactive preparation designed to resemble the test drug as far as possible. This means that placebo itself cannot be effective. If it would, its correctness is challenged and it should be replaced if still possible. And as placebo is not effective, it can also not have secondary effects, vulgo side effects. Placebo is always used for two reasons: To control bias and to provide the reasonably largest delta, i.e. the difference between two treatments. Placebo should never be interpreted as being able to cause effects.
Influence of Deuterium Depleted Water on Rat Physiology: Reproductive Function, Forming and Posterity Development
Authors: Lilia V. Fedulova  , Stepan S. Dzhimak  , Elena A. Kotenkova  , Ekaterina R. Vasilevsky  , Irina M. Chernukha
Published: April 2016

Reproductive function and postnatal progeny development of rats in four generations treated with deuterium depleted water (40 ppm) were investigated. The targeted generations were parent (F0), first (F1), second (F2) and third (F3). Replacement of tap water to deuterium depleted water did not influence on fertility index as well as on survival and postnatal offspring development. Reproductive function, physical parameters and reflexes development in rats and pups consumed DDW was similar or more intensive in comparison with control group. Therefore, DDW consumption did not possess any toxic effects and may enhance general postnatal development.