bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravimetric inhibition efficiency prediction model of AA7075-T7351 alloy using Treculia africana extract in 1.0 M HCl through input feature optimization
Authors: Udensi S. C. , Ejelonu B. O.
Published: August 2024

The applications of four machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely: Support Vector Regressor (SVR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso), and Ridge, in predicting the corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of Treculia africana (TA) leaves extract on AA7075-T7351 alloy, in corrosive 1.0 M HCl environment, with a small (42) sample space, have been studied. Time and resource constraints in traditional corrosion study methods have been avoided through feature engineering to expedite prediction process. The dominant features, which affected the IE, were done through feature importance and selection processes using pair plot matrix of features and Kendall correlation etc., to remove redundant features. The results in the form of data visualization, feature importance, and the performance of each algorithm on the test set were explicitly depicted. The evaluation metrics, including coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE), validated the efficacy of the models in predicting the IE of TA on AA7075-T7351 in 1.0 M HCl environments. Ridge model demonstrated superior accuracy, with R2 score of 0.972, particularly in handling the highly correlated dataset used in this study. SVR followed closely in performance (0.969). XGBoost proved reliable at R2 score of 0.953. Lasso with R2 of 0.952 was the least of the four models, due to its random feature selection method. The RMSE scores corroborated the prediction accuracies with values; 4.145, 4.408, 5.138 and 5.462 respectively. This study revealed the viability of using the four machine learning algorithms in potential generalization ability of IE prediction accuracy, while offering an efficient and accurate alternative to traditional methods.

Graphical Abstract
Construction biotechnology: improving mortar properties through calcium carbonate precipitation using a novel strain of the bacterium Neisseria perflava
Authors: Syarif Ridwan , Chaerun Raudhatul Islam , Chaerun Siti Khodijah , Prassetyo Simon Heru , Wattimena Ridho Kresna
Published: August 2024

In construction technology, there are significant efforts to reduce environmental emissions, particularly NH3 and other pollutants. This study marks the first application of CaCO3 biomineralization biotechnology in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) to enhance mortar properties using the non-pathogenic Neisseria perflava strain SKC/VA-3, which employs carbonic anhydrase mechanisms. The results demonstrated that N. perflava could significantly improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of mortar. Incorporating N. perflava and calcium lactate pentahydrate resulted in a 20% increase in compressive strength and a 14% rise in indirect tensile strength of the mortar. Examination through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) revealed calcite formation within the microstructure of the bio-mortar. Additionally, self-healing assessments indicated that calcite precipitation, driven by bacterial metabolism, also occurred on the cracked surfaces of the bacterial mortar, suggesting potential for reduced maintenance and increased material longevity. This study provides the first report on the use of N. perflava for bio-mortar enhancement and represents a novel biotechnological approach to improving the properties of mortar and other cementitious materials. The utilization of N. perflava in bio-mortar represents a groundbreaking biotechnological advance, potentially enhancing mortar and other cement-based materials. This development contributes to sustainable, durable, and environmentally friendly construction technologies.
Elaboration and outlook for metal hydride applications in future hydrogen-powered aviation
Authors: Franke F. , Kazula S. , Enghardt L.
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier to decarbonise aviation. However, many challenges regarding its storage or handling still have to be solved to successfully utilise hydrogen in aircraft and at airport infrastructures. The increasing use of hydrogen also generates opportunities for disruptive improvements, like the possibility to integrate metal hydrides (MHs) into the hydrogen powertrain and its infrastructure. Besides their ability to store hydrogen, MHs enable a wide range of potential secondary functions such as high-power thermal applications or compression. This way, MHs may contribute to achieve the goal of sustainable hydrogen-powered aviation. Hence, potential MH application options and their current state-of-the-art are presented. Based on that overview, the following seven use cases for aviation are selected for evaluation: ‘hydrogen emergency storage’, ‘cabin air-conditioning’, ‘thermal management of fuel cells’, ‘gas gap heat switches’, ‘hydrogen boil-off recovery’, ‘onboard hydrogen compression’ and ‘hydrogen safety sensors’. Four of these use cases are investigated to achieve comparable degrees of detail to avoid misevaluations in the subsequent weighted point rating. The results reveal the high potential of MHs for ‘hydrogen boil-off recovery’, ‘hydrogen safety sensors’ and ‘cabin air-conditioning’. For the three most promising use cases, outlooks to their potential future implementation are provided in order to outline the ability of MHs to empower sustainable aviation. These investigations highlight the huge potential of MHs for boil-off treatment.
Predictive Understanding of Links Between Vegetation and Soil Burn Severities Using Physics‐Informed Machine Learning
Authors: Seydi Seyd Teymoor , Abatzoglou John T. , AghaKouchak Amir , Pourmohamad Yavar , Mishra Ashok , Sadegh Mojtaba
Published: August 2024

Burn severity is fundamental to post‐fire impact assessment and emergency response. Vegetation Burn Severity (VBS) can be derived from satellite observations. However, Soil Burn Severity (SBS) assessment—critical for mitigating hydrologic and geologic hazards—requires costly and laborious field recalibration of VBS maps. Here, we develop a physics‐informed Machine Learning model capable of accurately estimating SBS while revealing the intricate relationships between soil and vegetation burn severities. Our SBS classification model uses VBS, as well as climatological, meteorological, ecological, geological, and topographical wildfire covariates. This model demonstrated an overall accuracy of 89% for out‐of‐sample test data. The model exhibited scalability with additional data, and was able to extract universal functional relationships between vegetation and soil burn severities across the western US. VBS had the largest control on SBS, followed by weather (e.g., wind, fire danger, temperature), climate (e.g., annual precipitation), topography (e.g., elevation), and soil characteristics (e.g., soil organic carbon content). The relative control of processes on SBS changes across regions. Our model revealed nuanced relationships between VBS and SBS; for example, a similar VBS with lower wind speeds—that is, higher fire residence time—translates to a higher SBS. This transferrable model develops reliable and timely SBS maps using satellite and publicly accessible data, providing science‐based insights for managers and diverse stakeholders.
The impact of breastfeeding on the preterm infant’s microbiome and metabolome: a pilot study
Authors: Schulkers Escalante Keriann , Bai-Tong Shiyu S. , Allard Sarah M. , Ecklu-Mensah Gertrude , Sanchez Concepcion , Song Se Jin , Gilbert Jack , Bode Lars , Dorrestein Pieter , Knight Rob , Gonzalez David J. , Leibel Sydney A. , Leibel Sandra L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Human milk is unquestionably beneficial for preterm infants. We investigated how the transition from tube to oral/breastfeeding impacts the preterm infants’ oral and gut microbiome and metabolome.

Methods

We analyzed stool, saliva, and milk samples collected from a cohort of preterm infants enrolled in the MAP Study, a prospective observational trial. The microbiome and metabolome of the samples were analyzed from 4 longitudinal sample time points, 2 during tube feeds only and 2 after the initiation of oral/breastfeeding.

Results

We enrolled 11 mother-infant dyads (gestational age = 27.9 (23.4–32.2)) and analyzed a total of 39 stool, 44 saliva, and 43 milk samples over 4 timepoints. In saliva samples, there was a shift towards increased Streptococcus and decreased Staphylococcus after oral feeding/breastfeeding initiation (p < 0.05). Milk sample metabolites were strongly influenced by the route of feeding and milk type (p < 0.05) and represented the pathways of Vitamin E metabolism, Vitamin B12 metabolism, and Tryptophan metabolism.

Conclusion

Our analysis demonstrated that the milk and preterm infant’s saliva microbiome and metabolome changed over the course of the first four to 5 months of life, coinciding with the initiation of oral/breastfeeds.

Impact

The microbiome and metabolome is altered in the infant’s saliva but not their stool, and in mother’s milk when feeds are transitioned from tube to oral/breastfeeding.

We assessed the relationship between the gut and oral microbiome/metabolome with the milk microbiome/metabolome over a longitudinal period of time in preterm babies.

Metabolites that changed in the infants saliva after the initiation of oral feeds have the potential to be used as biomarkers for disease risk.
UBE2M forms a positive feedback loop with estrogen receptor to drive breast cancer progression and drug resistance
Authors: Lin Xiongzhi , Sun Dongsheng , Yang Shuhan , Cheng Kai , Wang XingYi , Meng Weijia , Wu Haowei , Liu Wenlin , Wu Xiaoyu , Yang Hui , Wang Xiaojun , Zhou Lisha
Published: August 2024

UBE2M, a NEDD8-conjugating enzyme, is dysregulated in various human cancers and promotes tumor cell proliferation. However, its role in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer remains unknown. We found that UBE2M expression was significantly higher in ER+ breast cancer tissues than in ER-negative (ER-) breast cancer tissues. Higher expression of UBE2M indicated a poorer prognosis in patients with ER+ breast cancer but not in those with ER- breast cancer. Of interest, a positive feedback loop was observed between UBE2M and ERα. Specifically, ERα enhanced the HIF-1α-mediated transcription of UBE2M. In turn, UBE2M maintained ERα expression by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation through UBE2M-CUL3/4A-E6AP-ERα axis. Functionally, silencing of UBE2M suppressed the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and improved their sensitivity to fulvestrant both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our findings reveal that the UBE2M-ERα feedback loop drives breast cancer progression and fulvestrant resistance, suggesting UBE2M as a viable target for endocrine therapy of ER+ breast cancer.
Chiral topological light for detection of robust enantiosensitive observables
Authors: Mayer Nicola , Ayuso David , Decleva Piero , Khokhlova Margarita , Pisanty Emilio , Ivanov Misha , Smirnova Olga
Published: August 2024

The topological response of matter to electromagnetic fields is a highly demanded property in materials design and metrology due to its robustness against noise and decoherence, stimulating recent advances in ultrafast photonics. Embedding topological properties into the enantiosensitive optical response of chiral molecules could therefore enhance the efficiency and robustness of chiral optical discrimination. Here we achieve such a topological embedding by introducing the concept of chiral topological light—a light beam which displays chirality locally, with an azimuthal distribution of its handedness described globally by a topological charge. The topological charge is mapped onto the azimuthal intensity modulation of the non-linear optical response, where enantiosensitivity is encoded into its spatial rotation. The spatial rotation is robust against intensity fluctuations and imperfect local polarization states of the driving field. Our theoretical results show that chiral topological light enables detection of percentage-level enantiomeric excesses in randomly oriented mixtures of chiral molecules, opening a way to new, extremely sensitive and robust chiro-optical spectroscopies with attosecond time resolution.
Investigation into the variation characteristics and influencing factors of coalbed methane gas content in deep coal seams
Authors: Zhu Qianya , Du Xuejia , Zhang Tong , Yu Haiming , Liu Xiaobo
Published: August 2024

Gas saturation is a critical parameter for the selection and development of coalbed methane, as well as a key indicator reflecting the challenges in coalbed methane development and productivity evaluation of coalbed methane wells. As one of the significant factors influencing gas saturation, gas content plays a vital role in comprehensively investigating coal pore properties to fully comprehend the process and conditions of methane adsorption and desorption. In this study, 3# and 15# coals from Qinshui Basin, China was selected as research subjects. The experimental evaluation encompassed an examination of composition, pore characteristics, permeability characteristics of coal, rock mechanical parameters while discussing the impact of temperature and pressure on coal's adsorption and desorption capacity. The mineral characteristics analysis revealed that vitrinite is the main component with varying percentages and reflectance values in both 3# and 15# coal seams. The gas content and methane concentration in the 15# coal seam are higher than those in the 3# coal seam. The relationship between gas content within a coal seam and burial depth depends on achieving a balance between positive pressure effects caused by overburden stress exertion on gases trapped within pores under high pressures during burial history versus negative temperature effects due to cooling during geological processes over time. Predictions were made regarding deep-coal gas content which holds significant implications for accurately understanding variations in desorption behavior along with optimizing fracturing engineering.
Reproducibility and across-site transferability of an improved deep learning approach for aneurysm detection and segmentation in time-of-flight MR-angiograms
Authors: Vach Marius , Wolf Luisa , Weiss Daniel , Ivan Vivien Lorena , Hofmann Björn B. , Himmelspach Ludmila , Caspers Julian , Rubbert Christian
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to (1) replicate a deep-learning-based model for cerebral aneurysm segmentation in TOF-MRAs, (2) improve the approach by testing various fully automatic pre-processing pipelines, and (3) rigorously validate the model’s transferability on independent, external test-datasets. A convolutional neural network was trained on 235 TOF-MRAs acquired on local scanners from a single vendor to segment intracranial aneurysms. Different pre-processing pipelines including bias field correction, resampling, cropping and intensity-normalization were compared regarding their effect on model performance. The models were tested on independent, external same-vendor and other-vendor test-datasets, each comprised of 70 TOF-MRAs, including patients with and without aneurysms. The best-performing model achieved excellent results on the external same-vendor test-dataset, surpassing the results of the previous publication with an improved sensitivity (0.97 vs. ~ 0.86), a higher Dice score coefficient (DSC, 0.60 ± 0.25 vs. 0.53 ± 0.31), and an improved false-positive rate (0.87 ± 1.35 vs. ~ 2.7 FPs/case). The model further showed excellent performance in the external other-vendor test-datasets (DSC 0.65 ± 0.26; sensitivity 0.92, 0.96 ± 2.38 FPs/case). Specificity was 0.38 and 0.53, respectively. Raising the voxel-size from 0.5 × 0.5×0.5 mm to 1 × 1×1 mm reduced the false-positive rate seven-fold. This study successfully replicated core principles of a previous approach for detecting and segmenting cerebral aneurysms in TOF-MRAs with a robust, fully automatable pre-processing pipeline. The model demonstrated robust transferability on two independent external datasets using TOF-MRAs from the same scanner vendor as the training dataset and from other vendors. These findings are very encouraging regarding the clinical application of such an approach.
Floods across the eastern United States are projected to last longer
Authors: Kim Hanbeen , Villarini Gabriele
Published: August 2024

While there is growing attention toward the changes in flood magnitude and frequency, little is known about the way climate change could impact flood duration. Here we focus on 378 streamgages across the eastern United States to develop statistical models that allow the description of the year-to-year changes in flood duration above two National Weather Service (NWS) flood severity levels (i.e., minor and moderate). We use climate-related variables (i.e., basin- and season-averaged precipitation and temperature) as predictors, and show that they can be used to describe the inter-annual variability in seasonal flood durations for both NWS flood severity levels. We then use the insights from the understanding of the historical changes to provide an assessment of the projected changes in flood durations using global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and multiple shared socio-economic pathways. Our results show that the eastern United States is projected to experience longer flood durations, especially in winter (i.e., the main flood season) and under higher emission scenarios.
Metal-free visible-light-mediated aerobic nitrooxylation for the synthesis of nitrate esters with t-BuONO
Authors: Lv Yufen , Hao Jindong , Huang Jian , Song Lianhui , Yue Huilan , Wei Wei , Yi Dong
Published: August 2024

A metal-free and sustainable visible-light-mediated method for the preparation of nitrate esters has been developed through the aerobic nitrooxylation reaction of α-diazoesters and cyclic ethers with t-BuONO in the presence of dioxygen.
Optimisation of Mo doping to form NiCoMo ternary sulphides for high performance charge storage
Authors: Long Qiang , Xiong Chenhan , Li Jingbo , Yang Zhihong , Du Guoping , Chen Nan
Published: August 2024

A novel method is proposed that incorporates the element molybdenum (Mo) to regulate and synthesize high-performance nickel-cobalt-molybdenum (Ni-Co-Mo) ternary sulfide electrode materials featuring needle-like nanostructures.
Ternary thiol–ene systems as high-performance bone adhesives for potential clinical use
Authors: Sinawehl Lisa , Steinbauer Patrick , Kojic Danijela , Slezak Paul , Redl Heinz , Baudis Stefan
Published: August 2024

By molecular design of primer molecules inspired by dental restoratives, we were able to develop the first-known one-step in situ photocurable adhesive system, based on thiol–ene chemistry with a shear bond strength comparable to dental adhesives.
Deciphering the work function induced local charge regulation towards activating an octamolybdate cluster-based solid for acidic water oxidation
Authors: Bagdwal Harshita , Sood Parul , Dhillon Arshminder Kaur , Singh Ashi , Singh Monika
Published: August 2024

A nanocomposite (POM–rGO) (2 : 1) based on polyoxometalate and rGO was explored as an electrocatalyst for acidic oxygen evolution. The catalyst showed outstanding activity at low pH with an overpotential of 185 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2.
Copper catalyzed alkaline aerobic lignin depolymerization: effect of botanical origin and industrial extraction process on reactivity supported through characterization
Authors: Hernández-Mañas Antonio , Martínez-Martin Alex , Madignier Johan , Fongarland Pascal , Bertaud Frédérique , Vilcocq Léa , Djakovitch Laurent
Published: August 2024

Various lignins were depolymerized to aromatics in basic aqueous media under aerobic catalytic conditions. Emphasis was placed on characterization to explain the results observed. Correlations between structures and reactivity are given.
Surfactant-enhanced coagulation and flocculation improves the removal of perfluoroalkyl substances from surface water
Authors: Maroli Amith Sadananda , Zhang Yi , Lubiantoro Jonathan , Venkatesan Arjun K.
Published: August 2024

Addition of cationic surfactant in combination with powdered activated carbon significantly enhanced the removal of regulated PFAS during conventional coagulation/flocculation processes.
Design of a Ka‐band low‐cost microstrip line phase shifter and a sum‐difference beam antenna based on liquid crystal technology
Authors: Sima Boyu , Li ZiLing , Li Huangyan , Wang Xiang , Qiu Li , Wang Jianpeng , Wu Wen
Published: August 2024

This letter presents a Ka‐band low‐cost microstrip line phase shifter based on liquid crystal (LC) technology. Furthermore, a sum‐difference beamforming antenna array based on the LC phase shifter is designed. The phase shifter is composed of two coaxial connectors, a metal base, an intermediate dielectric layer, a gradient metal sheet and a top glass layer. The simulated results show that a nearly 360° phase shift coverage can be achieved with the effective permittivity of LC varying from 2.5 to 3.5. The sum‐difference beam antenna array is composed of a circulator, a sum‐difference network, a one‐to‐eight power‐division network, eight liquid crystal phase shifters, and a serious fed antenna array. The simulation results show that the antenna array can achieve sum‐difference beam scanning range of ±30°. A prototype of LC phase shifter is fabricated and tested. The results show that the designed LC phase shifter can achieve a 360° phase coverage by applying a direct current (DC) voltage ranging from 0 to 12 V. Compared to traditional phase shifters, the proposed design offers a simple structure at a lower cost. When applied in the design of a sum‐difference beam antenna array, it can reduce the producing cost and enable integrated design.
Spatial guided image captioning: Guiding attention with object's spatial interaction
Authors: Du Runyan , Zhang Wenkai , Li Shuoke , Chen Jialiang , Guo Zhi
Published: August 2024

Nowadays relational position embedding is widely used in many large multi‐modal models. It begins with relational captioning (a branch of image captioning) and contains two procedures: geometric modelling and prior attention. However, there are some problems that remain unsolved in the conventional procedures. This paper reviews the shortcomings of geometric modelling and prior attention. Then, a new framework called relational guided transformer (RGT) is proposed to verify the authors' conclusion from the origin of relational position embedding—relational captioning. Specifically, RGT has two simple but effective improvements in geometric modelling and prior attention: (1) A machine‐learned geometric modelling strategy called multi‐task geometric modelling (MTG) is used under multi‐task learning, replacing the original hand‐made geometric feature. (2) The effectiveness of multiple kinds of prior attention is discussed and preserved in a better form, which is called spatial guided attention (SGA) to integrate the geometric prior knowledge. Extensive experiments on MSCOCO and Flickr30k have been performed to investigate the effectiveness of each module and prove our argument. The superiority of the model comparing to the authors' baseline has also been proven on the offline evaluation with the “Karpathy” test split of both datasets.
Prediction of the vehicle lane‐changing distance in an urban inter‐tunnel weaving section based on wavelet transform and dual‐channel neural network
Authors: Zhu Changfeng , An Chun , He Runtian , Zhang Chao , Cheng Linna
Published: August 2024

Vehicle lane‐changing behaviour is often regarded as transient traffic behaviour while ignoring behavioural characteristics of the lane‐changing process. A combined prediction model based on wavelet transform (WT) and dual‐channel neural network (DCNN) is proposed to explore the selection behaviour of lane‐changing distance by taking lane‐changing behaviour in an urban inter‐tunnel weaving section. Firstly, the extracted lane‐changing data are analysed for correlation and noise reduction, and the main factors affecting lane‐changing distance are taken as input variables of the model. The trajectory data of the inter‐tunnel weaving section of the “Jiuhuashan‐Xi'anmen” tunnel in Nanjing, China, are used to improve the prediction of vehicle lane‐changing distance by training the model. The results show that the proposed WT‐DCNN model has high prediction performance when compared with existing artificial neural network (ANN), DCNN and wavelet neural network (WNN) models. The characterization and study of the typical lane‐changing behaviour in the weaving section can lay the theoretical foundation for the development of an urban inter‐tunnel weaving section management scheme.
Some examples of how service design is being used by startups and SMEs to apply service science
Authors: Coutts Nick
Published: August 2024

Service designers can design the services needed to mitigate the barriers to adoption and use that are created by the introduction of new products, processes, services and methods. The removal of these barriers are frequently revenue opportunities for startups and SMEs. This paper offers answers to the following questions, with some example applications of service science: What is service design? What does a service designer do? Why is service design important? What is service science? How can service design and service science help startups and SMEs? The ideas and examples are based on the author’s experience working with IBM’s global network of business partners; as a tutor for the masters course in service design at the Royal College of Art, London ; for the masters courses in Global Innovation Design and Innovation Design Engineering at Imperial College London ; the masters in business innovation at the University of Barcelona ; and work with more than 350 startups in nine countries and consulting with SMEs and large organisations.
Maxillary anomalies in choanal atresia: a case report
Authors: Merheb Marie , Devoti Jean François , Simon Etienne , Brix Muriel
Published: August 2024

Choanal atresia is defined as the complete obstruction of the posterior nasal airway. The obstruction is the origin of maxillary impairment in the development. We describe a case of a man with unilateral choanal atresia who was referred to the maxilla-facial surgery department for his maxillary anomalies. The patient suffered from hypoplasia of the midface with class III malocclusion. and retromaxillia. He had also solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI). Choanal atresia leads to nasal obstruction resulting in mouth breathing. The maxillary consequences are long face, contraction of the upper dental arch and high arched palate. The patients present class III malocclusion with posterior cross bite, anterior open bite. SMMCI may also be present. The maxillary anomalies would be only slightly due to the presence of chronic nasal obstruction. The mouth breathing, which results from the nasal obstruction, is an etiological factor at the origin of maxillary anomalies.
La chirurgie de l’intestin grêle chez le chien et le chat :
indications, contre-indications et postopératoire
Authors: Manassero Mathieu , Decambron Adeline , Viateau Véronique
Published: August 2024

Les affections intestinales qui nécessitent une prise en charge chirurgicale sont fréquentes. Elles correspondent à des affections obstructives (corps étrangers, tumeurs), occlusives (intussusception), vasculaires (volvulus), ou traumatiques.
La symptomatologie est variée, peu spécifique, et le diagnostic repose sur des examens complémentaires qui permettent d'adapter la réanimation périopératoire.
Le temps chirurgical débute par un examen complet de la cavité abdominale et du tractus digestif.
Après isolement du segment digestif atteint, une évaluation de sa viabilité et de sa perméabilité sur des critères précis permet de choisir le geste le plus adapté.
Quelle que soit la technique, entérotomie ou entérectomie, le respect de la vascularisation, une suture en points simples ou surjets, apposant et chargeant toute la paroi, une vérification de l'étanchéité de la suture, un rinçage de la suture et de l'abdomen, et une épiploïsation du site chirurgical sont les clés de la réussite.
Ces précautions étant respectées, l’incidence et la gravité des complications, dont la plus grave est la déhiscence, sont diminuées.
Conduite diagnostique face à une diarrhée chronique
chez le chat
Authors: Blanchot Dominique
Published: August 2024

Face à une diarrhée chronique chez le chat, le praticien doit recueillir le maximum de renseignements utiles sur les circonstances d’apparition, le mode de vie de l’animal et, si possible, une description des selles.

Un examen clinique minutieux est ensuite realize ; il permet de proposer au propriétaire les examens complémentaires utiles, plus ou moins invasifs.
Traitement diététique ou la prise en charge nutritionnelle
des affections de l’intestin grêle chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Priymenko Nathalie
Published: August 2024

Les affections intestinales peuvent parfois être causées par l’alimentation mais quelles qu’en soient les causes, l’alimentation joue un rôle dans la guérison ou dans l’amélioration du chien et du chat atteint par de telles affections.

À la suite d’un épisode aigu, il est utile de ré-alimenter rapidement mais avec des modalités spécifiques, tant en ce qui concerne la distribution que les caractéristiques de la ration. Ensuite, les effets des nutriments/aliments sont expliqués afin de comprendre comment alimenter l’animal malade en fonction de son trouble : allergie, insuffisance pancréatique, entéropathies, ...

Les principes de mise en place d’une ration ménagère adaptée sont brièvement présentés avant de faire le point sur les aliments diététiques existant à ce jour pour ces maladies, chez le chien et le chat.
Parts simulation design and simulation training system combined with hardware-in-the-loop
Authors: Ge Zhanfu , Xu Youwei , Zhang Baohai
Published: August 2024

In order to improve the simulation effect of automobile parts, this paper analyzes the simulation design of automobile parts with hardware-in-the-loop, and verifies the system through setting up a simulation system to improve the design effect and practical effect of automobile parts. Moreover, this paper proposes a dual-core HILoC architecture suitable for small-scale dynamic system simulation, and a dual-core data exchange architecture based on IPC mechanism communication, which solves the problem of dual-core shared memory utilization and improves the communication efficiency between dual-cores. In addition, this paper proposes a hardware-on-chip real-time simulation (HILoC) system based on dual-core technology. There are two ways to realize data exchange between two cores, and one is to store data in shared memory, which can be operated by both cores. After that, this paper takes the pure electric vehicle with direct drive structure equipped with reducer as the target to carry out experimental research. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the powertrain structure and forward simulation characteristics of pure electric vehicle, the longitudinal dynamic model of the whole vehicle is established by using modular modeling idea. Finally, this paper verifies that the method model proposed in this paper has good effect through experimental research.
Facile Synthesis of Silanols via Cesium Carbonate Catalyzed Hydrosilanes with Water
Authors: Bai Yunfeng , Chai Miaomiao , Ma Cong , Han Zhengang
Published: August 2024

The demand for green and efficient methods for preparing silanols is significant. In this study, we employed inexpensive cesium carbonate as a catalyst to facilitate the hydrolysis of hydrosilanes for silanol production. This approach offers numerous advantages, including mild reaction conditions, broad substrate compatibility, straightforward post-treatment procedures, high yields, and scalability to gram-level synthesis. Our method demonstrated compatibility with diverse organosilanes bearing alkyl, aryl, alkynyl, and heterocyclic substituents, including sterically hindered variants. The significance of these findings extends beyond scientific inquiry, offering practical utility in the synthesis of silanols.
Catalytic Asymmetric Approach to the Naturally Occurring Clavine Alkaloid (+)-Lysergine
Authors: Das Mrinal K. , Shaw Kundan , Bisai Alakesh , Chaudhuri Saikat , Mondal Debabrata
Published: August 2024

An efficient asymmetric approach to the ergot alkaloids has been achieved via a highly regioselective Heck cyclization. Asymmetric induction of the key intermediate was achieved via a catalytic enantioselective α-aminoxylation catalyzed by d-proline (98% ee). Utilizing the aforementioned strategy, formal total synthesis of the ergot alkaloids (+)-lysergine and (+)-isolysergine has been achieved. Importantly, an asymmetric approach to the unnatural analogues (–)-lysergine and (–)-isolysergine has also been achieved via catalytic enantioselective α-aminoxylation using l-proline.
Lässt sich der SARS-CoV-2-Infektionsstatus bei Kindern über
pandemiebezogene Einstellungen und Sorgen ihrer Eltern vorhersagen? Daten der
Würzburger Kindertagesstätten-Studien (Wü-KiTa-CoV, 2020–2022)
Authors: Jans Thomas , Krauthausen Maike , Bauer Carsten , Forster Johannes , Engels Geraldine , Pietsch Franziska , Wallstabe Julia , Rücker Victoria , Wendel Julia , Weissbrich Benedikt , Heuschmann Peter , Härtel Christoph , Dölken Lars , Kurzai Oliver , Gágyor Ildikó , Liese Johannes G. , Romanos Marcel , Streng Andrea
Published: August 2024

Im Rahmen der Würzburger KiTa-CoV-Studienserie wurden pandemiebezogene
Einstellungen/Sorgen der Eltern von in Tagesstätten betreuten Vorschulkindern
über einen 21-monatigen Zeitraum erhoben. Wir erwarteten Zusammenhänge zwischen
diesen elterlichen Einstellungen/Sorgen und deren Veränderung im Pandemieverlauf
einerseits und dem SARS-CoV-2-Infektionsstatus der Kinder andererseits. Eltern
von Kindern aus 9 KiTas, die im Oktober 2020, Juli 2021 und Juli 2022 an einer
Befragung zu ihren pandemiebezogenen Einstellungen/Sorgen teilgenommen hatten,
wurden in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Im Juli 2022 wurde der SARS-CoV-2
Infektionsstatus der Kinder mittels Messung von Nukleokapsid-Protein-Antikörpern
(N-AK) bestimmt und bei N-AK-negativen, ungeimpften Kindern zusätzlich das
Messergebnis von Spike-Protein-Antikörpern (S-AK) berücksichtigt. Veränderungen
der elterlichen Einstellungen/Sorgen wurden über Trendtests analysiert, deren
Bedeutung zur Prädiktion des Infektionsstatus des Kindes über multiple binomiale
Regressionsanalysen. Angaben lagen zu Eltern von 159 Kindern (Altersdurchschnitt
3,2 Jahre) vor. Insgesamt zeigten die Eltern eine über den Untersuchungszeitraum
zunehmend gelassene Einstellung gegenüber dem Pandemiegeschehen; die Sorgen der
Eltern bezüglich einer möglichen eigenen Infektion nahmen jedoch zu. Über die
initialen Einstellungen/Sorgen der Eltern konnte der Infektionsstatus der Kinder
nicht vorhergesagt werden. Die Untergruppe der Eltern mit einem nicht
infizierten Kind wies aber im Verlauf der Pandemie ein tendenziell höheres
Sorgenniveau auf als Eltern mit einem infizierten Kind und zeigte nicht wie
diese eine zunehmende Gelassenheit gegenüber dem Pandemiegeschehen. Eine
zunehmende Gelassenheit der Eltern ist nachvollziehbar vor dem Hintergrund der
im Zeitverlauf verminderten Virulenz der vorherrschenden Virusvarianten, der
zunehmenden Verfügbarkeit von Teststrategien und Impfungen sowie der Rücknahme
pandemiebezogener Einschränkungen. Zusätzlich dürften die zumeist milden
Infektionen der Kinder zum Sicherheitsempfinden beigetragen haben. Die im
scheinbaren Widerspruch dazu ansteigenden Sorgen der Eltern vor einer eigenen
Infektion könnten mit der starken Zunahme der Inzidenz in der Bevölkerung ab
Januar 2022 aufgrund der hochansteckenden Omikron-Variante in Zusammenhang
stehen. Möglicherweise hatte das höhere Sorgenniveau der Eltern nicht
infizierter Kinder verhaltensbezogen einen protektiven Effekt.
Imaging Features of Female Genital Tuberculosis and its Mimics
Authors: Gulati Shrea , Manchanda Smita , Aggarwal Ankita
Published: August 2024

Tuberculosis involving the female genital tract causes significant morbidity in women in the reproductive age group, where it is often associated with infertility. The fallopian tube is the most common part to be affected by the disease. Since female genital tuberculosis is a paucibacillary disease, organisms are often not detected. Therefore, multimodality imaging features play an important role in the diagnosis. A gamut of radiological investigations including hysterosalpingogram, ultrasound, and cross-sectional modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are available in the evaluation of disease. The key imaging differentials vary depending upon the part of the genital tract affected. This review will discuss the imaging appearances of tuberculosis of the female genital tract on various imaging modalities and their differential diagnosis.
‘It’s a group-on-one’: social disconnection as a tool of and defence against child criminal exploitation in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Sheehan Katie , Walsh Colm , Cusack Alan
Published: August 2024

Despite increasing evidence on the exploitation of young people into criminal activity, their perspectives on and experiences of exploitative processes are not well understood. Despite progress in Great Britain with regard to ‘County Lines’ exploitation, and in the Republic of Ireland regarding youth criminality and grooming, the subjective accounts of how young people understand the phenomenon of child criminal exploitation (CCE) remain under-evaluated. This exploratory study captures the perspectives of Irish youth on CCE and draws on the theory of social capital to explore the social structures that enable CCE and the (limited) choices available to the young people.
Ejecta from double-shock loaded tin target by hohlraum radiation and plasma jet
Authors: Song Yaoxiang , Chu Genbai , Yu Minghai , Wu Yuchi , Fan Wei , Xi Tao , Shui Min , Tian Chao , Shan Lianqiang , Zhang Feng , Zhou Weimin , Gu Yuqiu
Published: August 2024

The phenomenon of mass ejection from shocked surface is a crucial issue in high-energy density physics and shock compression science. Ejecta from double-shock loaded metallic targets is important in some practical applications, but there are only a few research types on this aspect due to experimental difficulty. We proposed a new method of double-shock loading based on intense laser, that is, the laser is injected into a vacuum hohlraum to generate strong radiation and plasma jet simultaneously, and the target are respectively subjected to two shocks by these two different mechanisms. In the experiment, double-shock process was clearly observed by photonic Doppler velocimetry system, and the recompression of target due to the second shock was presented by x-ray photography. After the free surface was broken, the ejecta showed a unique multi-layer density structure for the first time. This work achieves effective double-shock loading with only one single laser pulse, which is valuable for understanding the metal damage under multiple shocks and the evolution of ejected materials. It also provides an experimental design for studying the material response in complex environments.
Observation of Larmor-like precession of a single birefringent particle due to spin-dependent forces in tilted optical tweezers
Authors: Roy Sauvik , Ghosh Nirmalya , Banerjee Ayan , Gupta Subhasish Dutta
Published: August 2024

We observe concurrent precessional and partial orbital motion of highly birefringent liquid crystal (LC) particles trapped in a spherically aberrated optical trap, which is built employing a tilted refractive index stratified medium. For input circularly polarized light, the breaking of azimuthal symmetry induced by the tilt leads to an asymmetric intensity distribution in the radial direction near the trap focal plane, which—in combination with the spin–orbit conversion effects for input circularly polarized light—results in nonuniform canonical and spin momentum densities in those regions. In addition, while the canonical momentum remains always oriented toward the axial direction, the spin momentum reverses direction along spatial loops in the radial direction. As a consequence, the total momentum precesses around the canonical momentum vector along elliptical spatial loops—akin to a Larmor-like precession of magnetic moment (total momentum in our case) around a magnetic field (canonical momentum). We probe this precession experimentally using the single trapped LC particles—with the direction of precession and orbital motion determined by the helicity of the input light, with the precession frequency varying linearly with the laser power. Our experimental results are validated by numerical simulations of the system where we employ the Debye–Wolf theory for tight focusing in the presence of a tilted stratified media.
Experimental investigation of an electronegative cylindrical capacitively coupled geometrically asymmetric plasma discharge with an axisymmetric magnetic field
Authors: Dahiya Swati , Sharma Narayan , Geete Shivani , Sharma Sarveshwar , Sirse Nishant , Karkari Shantanu
Published: August 2024

In this study, we have investigated the production of negative ions by mixing electronegative oxygen gas with electropositive argon gas in a geometrically asymmetric cylindrical capacitively coupled radio frequency plasma discharge. The plasma parameters such as density (electron, positive, and negative ion), negative ion fraction, and electron temperature are investigated for fixed gas pressure and increasing axial magnetic field strength. The axisymmetric magnetic field creates an E × B drift in the azimuthal direction, leading to the confinement of high-energy electrons at the radial edge of the chamber, resulting in decreased species density and negative ion fraction in the plasma bulk. However, the electron temperature increases with the magnetic field. It is concluded that low magnetic fields are better suited for negative ion production in such devices. Furthermore, in addition to the percentage ratio of the two gases, the applied axial magnetic field also plays a vital role in controlling negative ion fraction.
Reactions of 2-chloropropionyl chloride on Cu(100): C–Cl bond cleavage and formation of methylketene and its dimer
Authors: You Zheng-Jie , Lin Tsai-Jen , Lin Ming-Wei , Li Hsien-Chin , Cheng Mu-Jeng , Lin Jong-Liang
Published: August 2024

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reaction/desorption have been employed to investigate the reaction of CH3–CHCl–C(=O)Cl on Cu (100), with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally, CH3–CH=C=O (methylketene) is found to be the product from the dechlorination of CH3–CHCl–C(=O)Cl on Cu(100) at 120 K. The CH3–CH=C=O generated on the surface would dimerize to form 2,4-dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione below 180 K. In agreement with the experimental findings, our DFT molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the dechlorination of CH3–CHCl–C(=O)Cl, resulting in CH3–CH=C=O and two Cl atoms, occurs readily, completing within 0.6 ps at 300 K. The simulations also indicate that the cleavage of the CH–Cl bond precedes that of the C(=O)–Cl bond. The static DFT calculations suggest that the dimerization of CH3–CH=C=O primarily occurs through the coupling of two C=C bonds, which has a lower barrier of 38.08 kJ mol−1 compared to the 69.05 kJ mol−1 barrier for C=C + C=O coupling.
India's shift toward sustainable energy: A comprehensive approach to renewable energy integration and environmental sustainability
Authors: Mondal Surajit , Mondal Arnab , Rathore Jaswant , Koundinya Kota Krishna , Sharma Amit Kumar
Published: August 2024

India's reliance on coal for energy has led to pollution, carbon emissions, and environmental hazards. To combat these issues, the Indian government is promoting renewable energy to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. By investing in solar, hydro, and wind power, India aims to minimize pollution and greenhouse gas emissions while meeting energy demands sustainably. The shift to renewable energy not only benefits the environment but also reduces energy import dependency and lowers costs. Renewable energy technologies like solar, hydro, and wind play a crucial role in power generation, offering clean alternatives derived from natural resources. The government's focus on providing 24/7 affordable electricity for all has spurred innovations in off-grid electricity generation, particularly in sun-rich regions. These advancements have attracted private sector investments, improved energy efficiency, and addressing energy shortages. India's target to install 337 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2027, with significant contributions from foreign and private sectors, underscores the country's vast renewable energy potential. Initiatives like the Electricity Act 2001 and rural electrification have enhanced energy conservation and distribution efficiency. The transition to electric vehicles and advancements in renewable energy technologies signal a promising future for India's energy sector, with opportunities for innovation, employment growth, and sustainable development. This article discusses the government's initiatives to promote renewable energy, the role of solar, hydro, and wind power in power generation, and the potential benefits of this transition for the Indian economy and environment.
Theoretical study of discriminative electroporation effect between tumor and normal blood vessels by high-frequency bipolar and traditional monopolar pulses
Authors: Lv Yanpeng , Lu Shihan , Zhang Jianhua
Published: August 2024

Electroporation technique induced by high-voltage pulses has been successfully used to ablate tumor cells while preserving the function of normal blood vessels. Generally, the tumor blood vessels can provide a pathway to draw nutrients for tumor growth and contribute to invasion and metastasis, which is an obstacle to tumor treatment. The electroporation study of the endothelial cell, which is important in the vasculature microenvironment, is helpful to investigate the influence on both tumor and normal blood vessels. This study built a multicell-layer model of the vascular microenvironment to investigate the discriminative electroporation effect between normal and tumor blood vessels by high-frequency bipolar pulses (HFBPs) and monopolar pulses (MPs). The simulation results showed that both pore number and electroporation region in normal blood vessels are significantly lower than those in tumor blood vessels. The rich vascular smooth muscle cells existed in the normal blood vessels play a protective function for endothelial cells, compared with tumor blood vessels. However, the differences in pore number and electroporation region between normal and tumor blood vessels are gradually smaller with an increased electric field, which demonstrates that the electroporation pulse with higher intensity damages both normal and tumor blood vessels. HFBPs generate a weaker electroporation effect on both normal and tumor blood vessels than traditional MP. However, HFBPs are more suitable to electroporate tumor blood vessels, while preserving the normal blood vessels. Moreover, this study could also provide a multicell-layer model that can be used to analyze the cell electroporation effect in the vascular microenvironment.