bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Performance Analysis for Solar Radiation Prediction, Case Study at Baron Techno Park
Authors: Prasetyo Ridwan Budi , Rahman Haidar , Alfi Ikrima , Sakti Fredi Prima
Published: March 2022

As stated in Government Regulation No. 79 of 2014 on National Energy Policy (KEN), the New and Renewable Energy (NRE) mix target is at least 23% by 2025. Now the utilization of solar energy in Indonesia has only reached about 0.05% or 100 MW. Government compiles a roadmap for the use of solar energy that targets the installed PV mini-grid capacity until 2025 is 6.5 GW. Technically, before installing a solar power plant, solar potential data is needed for a certain period of time. This is absolutely necessary considering the potential for solar is intermittent. The solar data are then processed to create a model forecasting so that it can optimize the resulting energy output. Forecasting using artificial intelligence with artificial neural network algorithms is a good solution because it has higher accuracy. To see the comparison of the performance of the ANN of this research with previous research. The finding shows that Baron 1-7-1 performed better than 2P 1-2-1 and Baron 1-2-1, regardless that the RMSE have a slight difference but still Baron 1-7-1 outperformed the others, with the best value of RMSE 0.15185 and R2 of 0.88996.
Comparison of thickness shear wall against drift floor using pushover method
Authors: Astre Widyasa Dwi Rizky , Hidayat Irpan , Andryan
Published: March 2022

Lateral load or earthquake disaster can damage the structure of a highrise building. Therefore, calculations are needed to avoid massive damage to the structure when an earthquake occurs and give a load to the structure. One of the efforts that is done to resist the earthquake is using shear wall. On this research, there will be a comparison of shear wall thickness that will be used for the building model. Where there is existing model with the shear wall thickness 400 mm, modified model with the shear wall thickness 350 mm and 300 mm, and model without shear wall. Earthquake standards is using SNI 1726-2019, load standards are using SNI 1727-2013, concrete design is using SNI 2847-2019, and for the structure analysis is using ETABS Program. First step is calculating the Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) of the structure element to determine if the structure needed to be analyse using non-linear static (pushover) or not. And then there will be drift ratio calculation to determine the building performance level using Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 356 provisions.
Water Conservation Calculations in Eco-Friendly Office in South Jakarta
Authors: Firdausa R R , Ardiani Y M
Published: March 2022

The clean water crisis and environmental issues require us to make wise efforts in using clean water. Significant savings in the use of clean water can be achieved by conserving air. In this project, a rental office building was designed in the Setiabudi area, South Jakarta that can make the most of the rainfall possible to locate and use it. In addition, the type of waste is managed so that the recycling process can be selected. Besides that, clean water management is also carried out according to the level of quality and use. In this project, clean water is divided into two, namely primary water and secondary water. Primary water is used for human needs and secondary water for human and machine needs. Liquid waste from human activities is divided into gray water which will be recycled and black water which is not recycled. From the results of this recycling and harvesting rainwater with a temporary catchment area only from the roof, the conservation conservation is 52.8%.
The Openings and Lighting Design Strategies of Primary School in Jakarta
Authors: Natalia S , Suharjanto G
Published: March 2022

The level of illumination in a room is very important to support the activities that are being carried out in the room. The width of the openings and the side lighting design strategy are things that need to be analyzed to maximize the natural lighting that enters the room without dazzling the eyes, especially in the classroom. This study aims to determine the width of the opening and the side lighting design strategy of an elementary school in Jakarta that can maximize natural lighting without dazzling the eyes based on the level of illumination so that visual comfort standards can be achieved. The method used is to build a building using FormIt software to determine which side of the building gets sun exposure and makes several simulations of the area of openings and several simulations of side lighting design strategies using the Velux Daylight Visualizer 3 software to determine the level of lighting in the room according to the standard lux requirements for educational institutions. From the research results, it can be seen that the width of the opening and the side lighting design strategy of a room affects the level of natural lighting obtained.
Theory of zero-field superconducting diode effect in twisted trilayer graphene
Authors: Scammell Harley D , Li J I A , Scheurer Mathias S
Published: March 2022

In a recent experiment (Lin et al 2021 arXiv:2112.07841 [cond-mat.str-el]), the superconducting phase hosted by a heterostructure of mirror-symmetric twisted trilayer graphene and WSe2 was shown to exhibit significantly different critical currents in opposite directions in the absence of external magnetic fields. We here develop a microscopic theory and analyze necessary conditions for this zero-field superconducting diode effect. Taking into account the spin–orbit coupling induced in trilayer graphene via the proximity effect, we classify the pairing instabilities and normal-state orders and derive which combinations are consistent with the observed diode effect, in particular, its field trainability. We perform explicit calculations of the diode effect in several different models, including the full continuum model for the system, and illuminate the relation between the diode effect and finite-momentum pairing. Our theory also provides a natural explanation of the observed sign change of the current asymmetry with doping, which can be related to an approximate chiral symmetry of the system, and of the enhanced transverse resistance above the superconducting transition. Our findings not only elucidate the rich physics of trilayer graphene on WSe2, but also establish a means to distinguish between various candidate interaction-induced orders in spin-orbit-coupled graphene moiré systems, and could therefore serve as a guide for future experiments as well.
Photoexcited carrier dynamics in a GaAs photoconductive switch under nJ excitation
Authors: XU Ming , WANG Yi , LIU Chun , SI Xinyang , GAO Rongrong , LUO Wei , QU Guanghui , JIA Wanli , LIU Qian
Published: March 2022

In this article, the bunched transport of photoexcited carriers in a GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) with interdigitated electrodes is investigated under femtosecond laser excitation. Continuous outputs featuring high gain are obtained for single shots and at 1 kHz by varying the optical excitation energy. An ensemble three-valley Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to investigate the transient characteristics and the dynamic process of photoexcited carriers. It demonstrates that the presence of a plasma channel can be attributed to the bunching of high-density electron–hole pairs, which are transported in the form of a high-density filamentary current. The results provide a picture of the evolution of photoexcited carriers during transient switching. A photoinduced heat effect is analyzed, which reveals the related failure mechanism of GaAs PCSS at various repetition rates.
Investigation of the gas bubble dynamics induced by an electric arc in insulation oil
Authors: YAN Chenguang , XU Ya , ZHANG Peng , KANG Shiqi , ZHOU Xian , ZHU Shuyou
Published: March 2022

In this work, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out on arc-induced bubble dynamic behaviors in insulation oil. Direct experimental evidence indicated that the arc-induced bubble experiences pulsating growth rather than a continuous expansion. Furthermore, a theoretical model and numerical calculation method were proposed, which revealed the dynamic mechanism of bubble growth. Good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental observations verified the general correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.
The influence of charge characteristics of suspension droplets on the ion flow field in different temperatures and humidity
Authors: SHEN Nanxuan , SU Zihan , ZHANG Yuanhang , LU Tiebing
Published: March 2022

In order to clarify the charging characteristics of suspension droplets in ion flow field under different temperatures and humidity, the effective charging factor used to characterize the charging characteristics of suspension droplets is introduced in this paper, and a calculation method of charging factor is proposed based on the upstream finite element method (FEM). Then, the charging factor under different temperatures and humidity is calculated, and the analytic expression of the charging factor considering the influence of temperature and humidity is obtained by fitting the calculation results. The influence of suspension droplets on the ion flow field is analyzed. The results show that the charging factor is small and increases little with the relative humidity when the relative humidity is less than 60%, and the charging factor is large and increases rapidly with the relative humidity when the relative humidity is more than 60%. At the same relative humidity, the charging factor increases linearly with the temperature. The influence of charged suspension droplets on the ion flow field can be ignored when the relative humidity is less than 60% and must be considered under high temperature and humidity. The calculation method and analytic expression of the charging factor proposed in this paper can be used to model of ion flow field considering the influence of temperature and humidity and provide technical support for the construction of HVDC transmission lines across high temperature and humidity.
Inorganic phosphorus nutrition in green-leaved terrestrial orchid seedlings
Authors: Davis Belinda , Lim Wei-Han , Lambers Hans , Dixon Kingsley W , Read David J
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims

Many terrestrial orchids have an obligate dependence on their mycorrhizal associations for nutrient acquisition, particularly during germination and early seedling growth. Though important in plant growth and development, phosphorus (P) nutrition studies in mixotrophic orchids have been limited to only a few orchid species and their fungal symbionts. For the first time, we demonstrate the role of a range of fungi in the acquisition and transport of inorganic P to four phylogenetically distinct green-leaved terrestrial orchid species (Diuris magnifica, Disa bracteata, Pterostylis sanguinea and Microtis media subsp. media) that naturally grow in P-impoverished soils.

Methods

Mycorrhizal P uptake and transfer to orchids was determined and visualized using agar microcosms with a diffusion barrier between P source (33P orthophosphate) and orchid seedlings, allowing extramatrical hyphae to reach the source.

Key Results

Extramatrical hyphae of the studied orchid species were effective in capturing and transporting inorganic P into the plant. Following 7 d of exposure, between 0.5 % (D. bracteata) and 47 % (D. magnifica) of the P supplied was transported to the plants (at rates between 0.001 and 0.097 fmol h−1). This experimental approach was capable of distinguishing species based on their P-foraging efficiency, and highlighted the role that fungi play in P nutrition during early seedling development.

Conclusions

Our study shows that orchids occurring naturally on P-impoverished soils can obtain significant amounts of inorganic P from their mycorrhizal partners, and significantly more uptake of P supplied than previously shown in other green-leaved orchids. These results provide support for differences in mycorrhiza-mediated P acquisition between orchid species and fungal symbionts in green-leaved orchids at the seedling stage. The plant–fungus combinations of this study also provide evidence for plant-mediated niche differentiation occurring, with ecological implications in P-limited systems.
decoupleR: ensemble of computational methods to infer biological activities from omics data
Authors: Badia-i-Mompel Pau , Vélez Santiago Jesús , Braunger Jana , Geiss Celina , Dimitrov Daniel , Müller-Dott Sophia , Taus Petr , Dugourd Aurelien , Holland Christian H , Ramirez Flores Ricardo O , Saez-Rodriguez Julio
Published: March 2022

Many methods allow us to extract biological activities from omics data using information from prior knowledge resources, reducing the dimensionality for increased statistical power and better interpretability. Here, we present decoupleR, a Bioconductor and Python package containing computational methods to extract these activities within a unified framework. decoupleR allows us to flexibly run any method with a given resource, including methods that leverage mode of regulation and weights of interactions, which are not present in other frameworks. Moreover, it leverages OmniPath, a meta-resource comprising over 100 databases of prior knowledge. Using decoupleR, we evaluated the performance of methods on transcriptomic and phospho-proteomic perturbation experiments. Our findings suggest that simple linear models and the consensus score across top methods perform better than other methods at predicting perturbed regulators.

Availability and implementation

decoupleR’s open-source code is available in Bioconductor (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/decoupleR.html) for R and in GitHub (https://github.com/saezlab/decoupler-py) for Python. The code to reproduce the results is in GitHub (https://github.com/saezlab/decoupleR_manuscript) and the data in Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/record/5645208).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
The management of retrorectal tumours: tertiary centre retrospective study
Authors: Burke Joshua R. , Shetty Kunal , Thomas Owen , Kowal Mikolaj , Quyn Aaron , Sagar Peter
Published: March 2022

Aim

Tumours of the retrorectal space are uncommon, pathologically heterogeneous, and difficult to diagnose, with ongoing controversy over their surgical management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical management of a consecutive series of patients who had undergone excision of primary retrorectal tumours (PRRTs) at a tertiary referral centre.

Method

Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database between 1 March 2001 and 1 August 2021. Electronic patient records were reviewed for demographics, preoperative imaging, operative details, histology, and follow-up. A chi-squared test was used to assess the statistical significance of findings.

Results

A total of 144 patients were included in the study. Of these, 103 patients were female (71.5 per cent), 46 patients (31.9 per cent) presented incidentally, and 99 of the patients had tumours located below S3 (68.7 per cent). Overall, 76 patients underwent a transperineal approach (52.7 per cent) with the most common findings of a benign tailgut cyst occurring in 59 (40.9 per cent) of cases. Preoperative MRI predicted urovascular and pelvic sidewall involvement assessed intraoperatively with a sensitivity of 83.3 and 90 per cent and a specificity of 98.1 and 98 per cent respectively. Risk of malignancy in solid tumours was 31.4 versus 8.8 per cent in cystic tumours (relative risk 3.5, 95 per cent c.i. 1.6 to 7.6, P < 0.001). Major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade III and above) occurred in eight patients (5.6 per cent) and all-cause long-term mortality was 4.8 per cent (seven patients).

Discussion

PRRTs can be safely excised with minimal complications in specialized centres by surgical teams with the relevant expertise. This study questions the conservative management of cystic tumours and given the risk of solid tumour malignancy, supports surgical management.
The evolution of chromosome number during the diversification of the tribe Vernonieae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Angulo María Betiana , Chalup Laura , Florentín Javier Elías , Dematteis Massimiliano
Published: March 2022

Changes in chromosome number have played an important role in the diversification and evolution of angiosperms. In Asteraceae, tribe Vernonieae are one of the most variable groups with regard to chromosome number. Previously, chromosome numbers n = 9 and 10 were thought to characterize the Old World members of the tribe, and n = 14, 16, 17 and 18 the New World members. This scenario was revised as a result of reports of new chromosome numbers, but the events leading to this wide variation remain unknown. Here we carried out a phylogenetic analysis of Vernonieae in a temporal framework, assessing patterns of diversification and establishing possible relationships with chromosome events. Chromosomal evolution was analysed with ChromEvol, from a phylogenetic tree dated in BEAST. Shifts in diversification rates using Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures were inferred. Vernonieae originated ~46 Mya and the diversification rate increased sharply ~11 Mya after the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. The ancestral chromosome number for the tribe was n = 10, which remained stable for Old World taxa, whereas n = 9 was the ancestral number for New World species. The tribe has undergone 32 chromosome rearrangements throughout its evolutionary history, with dysploidy and polyploidy possibly explaining the observed diversification pattern.
CD44 is critical for the enhancing effect of hyaluronan in allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy in a murine model of chronic asthma
Authors: Katoh Shigeki , Uesaka Tae , Tanaka Hitomi , Matsuhara Hiroki , Ohashi-Doi Katsuyo , Oga Toru
Published: March 2022

Allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a potentially effective disease-modification treatment for patients with allergic asthma. Because CD44 signaling enhances regulatory T (Treg) cell-induction, administering CD44 ligands such as hyaluronan (HA) with allergen-specific SLIT may enhance the therapeutic effects. We evaluated the role of CD44 in Treg cell-induction in T helper type 2 (Th2)-mediated chronic airway inflammation using CD44−/− mice and the efficacy of HA on SLIT in a Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced murine model of chronic asthma. Th2 responses and Treg cell induction were evaluated in CD44−/− mice. We devised a new SLIT model of Df-induced chronic asthma utilizing HA as an adjuvant. The effects of HA added to the new SLIT model were evaluated by the early asthmatic response (EAR) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic airway inflammation, and serum Df-specific IgE levels. Th2-mediated chronic eosinophilic airway inflammation was worse in CD44−/− mice compared with Df-sensitized wild-type (WT) mice. HA enhanced the effect of Df-induced Treg cells in a CD44-dependent manner. Sublingual Df treatment in combination with HA, but not alone, normalized EAR and AHR, and significantly reduced the serum IgE levels and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophil number. HA also induced Treg cells in a Df-sensitized spleen cell culture in a CD44-dependent manner. The treatment-enhancing effects of HA in this SLIT model were diminished in CD44−/− mice. CD44 is a key contributor to Treg cell induction and critical for the enhancing effects of HA in a Df-induced murine model of chronic asthma.
Reduced Immune Response to Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Cohort of Immunocompromised Patients in Chile
Authors: Balcells M Elvira , Le Corre Nicole , Durán Josefina , Ceballos María Elena , Vizcaya Cecilia , Mondaca Sebastián , Dib Martín , Rabagliati Ricardo , Sarmiento Mauricio , Burgos Paula I , Espinoza Manuel , Ferrés Marcela , Martinez-Valdebenito Constanza , Ruiz-Tagle Cinthya , Ortiz Catalina , Ross Patricio , Budnik Sigall , Solari Sandra , Vizcaya María de los Ángeles , Lembach Hanns , Berrios-Rojas Roslye , Melo-González Felipe , Ríos Mariana , Kalergis Alexis M , Bueno Susan M , Nervi Bruno
Published: March 2022

Background

Inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been widely implemented in low- and middle-income countries. However, immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients has not been established. Herein, we aimed to evaluate immune response to CoronaVac vaccine in these patients.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 193 participants with 5 different immunocompromising conditions and 67 controls, receiving 2 doses of CoronaVac 8–12 weeks before enrollment. The study was conducted between May and August 2021, at Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) positivity, total anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody (TAb) concentrations, and T-cell responses were determined.

Results

NAb positivity and median neutralizing activity were 83.1% and 51.2% for the control group versus 20.6% and 5.7% (both P < .001) in the solid organ transplant group, 41.5% and 19.2% (both P < .0001) in the autoimmune rheumatic diseases group, 43.3% (P < .001) and 21.4% (P<.01 or P = .001) in the cancer with solid tumors group, 45.5% and 28.7% (both P < .001) in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection group, 64.3% and 56.6% (both differences not significant) in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant group, respectively. TAb seropositivity was also lower for the solid organ transplant (20.6%; P < .0001), rheumatic diseases (61%; P < .001), and HIV groups (70.9%; P = .003), compared with the control group (92.3%). On the other hand, the number of interferon γ spot-forming T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 tended to be lower in all immunocompromising conditions but did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions

Diverse immunocompromising conditions markedly reduce the humoral response to CoronaVac vaccine. These findings suggest that a boosting vaccination strategy should be considered in these vulnerable patients.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT04888793.
Bess Beetle (Coleoptera: Passalidae) Species Composition Across the Altitudinal Gradient of Montecristo National Park, El Salvador
Authors: Serrano-Peraza Francisco , Serrano Cervantes Leopoldo , Chaves Luis Fernando
Published: March 2022

Bess beetle species tend to be endemic and are useful indicators for the designation of conservation areas. However, little is known about the diversity and distribution of these beetles in El Salvador. Here, we present results from a study testing if species segregated along the altitudinal gradient of Montecristo National Park, El Salvador. The survey was done between September and December 2015. Beetles were collected at nine transects from three ecosystems, which included cloud, mixed-pine, and dry forests that occur along the altitudinal gradient of Montecristo. We sampled a total of 696 trees, finding 79 galleries of bess beetles, belonging to 13 species, which included: Arrox agassizi (Kaup), Chondrocephalus granulifrons (Bates), Chondrocephalus sp., Chondrocephalus salvadorae (Schuster), Heliscus eclipticus (Truqui), Odontotaenius striatopunctatus (Percheron), Ogyges politus (Hincks), Oileus sargi (Kaup), Passalus punctatostriatus Percheron, Passalus punctiger Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, Verres hageni Kaup, Vindex sculptilis Bates, and Chondrocephalus gemmae Reyes-Castillo & Castillo which is a new species record for El Salvador. We found that species segregated by altitude, with the highest species richness observed in the cloud forest (n = 6), followed by the dry (n = 5) and mixed pine-oak (n = 4) forests. Most species were randomly associated with different tree species trunks, with the exception of V. hageni which was associated with trunks of Cecropia sp. Loefl. (Rosales: Urticaceae), and P. punctastriatus and P. punctiger which were associated with trunks of Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Oken (Boraginales: Boraginaceae). Our results show that species segregate by habitat, as only two species (C. gemmae and H. eclipticus) were found in more than one ecosystem.
Data standards for acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention: the European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart)
Authors: Batra Gorav , Aktaa Suleman , Wallentin Lars , Maggioni Aldo P , Ludman Peter , Erlinge David , Casadei Barbara , Gale Chris P ,   In collaboration with the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (ACNAP), Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), EURObservational Research Programme (EORP), ESC Patient Forum, ESC Working Group on Thrombosis and ESC Committee for Young Cardiovascular Professionals
Published: March 2022

Standardized data definitions are essential for monitoring and benchmarking the quality of care and patient outcomes in observational studies and randomized controlled trials. There are no contemporary pan-European data standards for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart) project of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) aimed to develop such data standards for ACS and PCI. Following a systematic review of the literature on ACS and PCI data standards and evaluation of contemporary ACS and PCI registries, we undertook a modified Delphi process involving clinical and registry experts from 11 European countries, as well as representatives from relevant ESC Associations, including the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC). This resulted in final sets of 68 and 84 ‘mandatory’ variables and several catalogues of optional variables for ACS and PCI, respectively. Data definitions were provided for these variables, which have been programmed as the basis for continuous registration of individual patient data in the online EuroHeart IT platform. By means of a structured process and the interaction with major stakeholders, internationally harmonized data standards for ACS and PCI have been developed. In the context of the EuroHeart project, this will facilitate country-level quality of care improvement, international observational research, registry-based randomized trials, and post-marketing surveillance of devices and pharmacotherapies.
Organic agriculture and field edges uphold endospheric wheat microbiota at field and landscape scale
Authors: Ricono Claire , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe , Aviron Stéphanie , Jambon Olivier , Michon-Coudouel Sophie , Causse-Vedrines Romain , Mauger Solène , Mony Cendrine
Published: March 2022

Agricultural intensification has been demonstrated to induce a loss of biodiversity. Despite the key role of symbiotic microorganisms in plant nutrition and protection, the impact of agricultural intensification on these microorganisms is not fully understood. Organic farming and field edges (as semi-natural elements) may promote a higher microbial diversity thanks to lower anthropic disturbance and higher plant diversity. We sampled wheat individuals in pairs of wheat fields (one organic and one conventional) along a distance gradient to the edges (hedgerow vs. grassy), in 20 landscape windows selected along an uncorrelated gradient of organic farming and hedgerow density. We demonstrated that organic farming shaped microbial composition and increased fungal and bacterial richness, while hedgerows had a neutral or negative effect on richness depending on the microbial phyla considered. In contrast to bacteria, fungal communities were heterogeneously distributed within fields, having a higher diversity for some phyla close to field edges. Overall we highlighted that fungi responded more to the field scale while bacteria were more affected by landscape scale. The effect of agricultural intensification on plant microbiota and therefore on the functions provided by microorganisms to the plants has to be considered at a multiple spatial scale—from field to landscape.
Motivation to Engage in Aging Research: Are There Typologies and Predictors?
Authors: Carr Dawn C , Tian Shubo , He Zhe , Chakraborty Shayok , Dieciuc Michael , Gray Nicholas , Agharazidermani Maedeh , Lustria Mia Liza A , Dilanchian Andrew , Zhang Shenghao , Charness Neil , Terracciano Antonio , Boot Walter R
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives

Study recruitment and retention of older adults in research studies is a major challenge. Enhancing understanding of individual differences in motivations to participate, and predictors of motivators, can serve the dual aims of facilitating the recruitment and retention of older adults, benefiting study validity, economy, and power.

Research Design and Methods

Older adults (N = 472) past and potential participants were surveyed about motivations to participate in research, demographic, and individual difference measures (e.g., health status, cognitive difficulties). Latent class and clustering analyses explored motivation typologies, followed by regression models predicting individual motivators and typologies.

Results

Older adults endorsed a diversity of research motivations, some of which could be predicted by individual difference measures (e.g., older participants were more motivated by the desire to learn new technology, participants without a college education were more motivated by financial compensation, and participants with greater self-reported cognitive problems were more likely to participate to gain cognitive benefit). Clustering analysis revealed 4 motivation typologies: brain health advocates, research helpers, fun seekers, and multiple motivation enthusiasts. Cognitive difficulties, age, employment status, and previous participation predicted membership in these categories.

Discussion and Implications

Results provide an understanding of different participant motivations beyond differences between younger and older adults and begin to identify different classes of older adults motivated to participate in research studies. Results can provide guidance for targeted recruitment and retention strategies based on individual differences in stated or predicted motivations.
Sensitivity kernels for receiver function misfits in a full waveform inversion workflow
Authors: de Jong J H E , Paulssen H , van Leeuwen T , Trampert J
Published: March 2022

Receiver functions have been used for decades to study the Earth’s major discontinuities by focusing on converted waves. Deconvolution, which is the mathematical backbone of the method, is assumed to remove the source time function and the far-field dependence on structure, making it a useful method to map the nearby Earth structure and its discontinuities. Ray theory, a plane incoming wavefield, and a sufficiently well-known near-receiver background velocity model are conventionally assumed to map the observations to locations in the subsurface. Many researchers are aware of the shortcoming of these assumptions and several remedies have been proposed for mitigating their consequences. Adjoint tomography with a quasi-exact forward operator is now within reach for most researchers, and we believe is the way forward in receiver function studies. A first step is to calculate adjoint sensitivity kernels for a given misfit function. Here, we derive the adjoint source for a receiver function waveform misfit. Using a spectral element forward code, we have calculated sensitivity kernels for P-to-S converted waves using several 2-D models representing an average crust with an underlying mantle. The kernels show profound differences between P- and S-wave speed sensitivity. The sensitivity to P-wave speed is wide-ranging and related to the scattered P-wavefield which interferes with that of the P-to-S converted wave. The S-wave speed sensitivity is more local and mostly associated to potential locations of P-to-S conversion, although more distant sensitivity is also observed. Notably, there is virtually no sensitivity to impedance. We further observe the well-known trade-off between depth of the discontinuity and wave speed, but find that considering a longer waveform that includes more surface reverberations reduces this trade-off significantly.
One hundred and eighty-two overlooked British comments on Bernard Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees, 1724–1800
Authors: Chatterjee Jacob Donald
Published: March 2022

The Fable of the Bees (1714) by Bernard Mandeville, a Dutch émigré physician and acerbic satirist, provoked some of the fiercest debates of the eighteenth century by arguing that luxury and vice were the driving forces of modern commercial societies. However, studies of these polemical storms remain largely reliant on Frederick Benjamin Kaye’s incomplete appendix of contemporary references to Mandeville in the Clarendon Edition of the Fable (1924). To address this historiographical lacuna, this research note presents substantial new evidence on the Fable’s reception by listing and describing 182 overlooked eighteenth-century British responses to Mandeville.
The rise of hybrid diplomacy: from digital adaptation to digital adoption
Authors: Bjola Corneliu , Manor Ilan
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced diplomats to embrace virtual platforms and to learn to combine virtual and physical meetings in their work. In this article, we investigate how this process has taken place and with implications for the conduct of diplomacy. Specifically, we ask how diplomats have adapted to the transition to the virtual medium, what lessons have they learned from this, and how these lessons may inform the conduct of diplomacy in the post-pandemic period? We argue that diplomacy is about to enter a new phase, which we call hybrid diplomacy, in which physical and virtual engagements are expected to integrate, complement and empower each other. We begin by distinguishing between digital adaptation, a forced process brought about by external changes, and digital adoption, a strategic decision by diplomats to use specific technologies towards specific goals. Building on the results of a survey disseminated to 105 diplomats during the pandemic, we then examine how diplomats have adapted to the virtual medium and what challenges they see facing as they transition to the post-pandemic phase. While responders largely agree that virtual interactions are not a good substitute for physical diplomacy, we find strong support for the continued mix of virtual and physical meetings. They enable diplomats to maintain working procedures, collaborate with their peers from around the world, and continue negotiations that began offline. We conclude with a discussion of the technological and social factors that may inform the shape of hybrid diplomacy.
Shard Polytopes
Authors: Padrol Arnau , Pilaud Vincent , Ritter Julian
Published: March 2022

For any lattice congruence of the weak order on permutations, Reading proved that gluing together the cones of the braid fan that belong to the same congruence class defines a complete fan, called a quotient fan, and Pilaud and Santos showed that it is the normal fan of a polytope, called a quotientope. In this paper, we provide a simpler approach to realize quotient fans based on Minkowski sums of elementary polytopes, called shard polytopes, which have remarkable combinatorial and geometric properties. In contrast to the original construction of quotientopes, this Minkowski sum approach extends to type $B$.
QCA in International Relations: A Review of Strengths, Pitfalls, and Empirical Applications
Authors: Ide Tobias , Mello Patrick A
Published: March 2022

Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a rapidly emerging method in the field of International Relations (IR). This raises questions about the strengths and pitfalls of QCA in IR research, established good practices, how IR performs against those standards, and which areas require further attention. After a general introduction to the method, we address these questions based on a review of all empirical QCA studies published in IR journals between 1987 and 2020. Results show that QCA has been employed on a wide range of issue areas and is most common in the study of peace and conflict, global environmental politics, foreign policy, and compliance with international regulations. The utilization of QCA offers IR scholars four distinct advantages: the identification of complex causal patterns, the distinction between necessary and sufficient conditions, a middle ground between quantitative and qualitative approaches, and the reinforcement of the strengths of other methods. We find that albeit a few exceptions, IR researchers conduct high-quality QCA research when compared against established standards. However, the field should urgently pay more attention to three issues: the potential of using QCA in combination with other methods, increasing the robustness of QCA results, and strengthening research transparency in QCA applications. Throughout the article, we formulate strategies for improved QCA research in IR.
Multidimensional Impact Evaluation: The Impact of the Women’s Income Generating Support Program in Northern Uganda
Authors: Malaeb Bilal , Uzor Eustace
Published: March 2022

This paper assesses the impact of a human capital and cash transfer intervention on individual disempowerment. Using a randomised controlled trial across 120 villages in Northern Uganda, we take a multidimensional measurement approach to evaluate the impact of Women’s Income Generating Support Program on the empowerment of ultra-poor and conflict-affected women. Building on the findings of Blattman et al. (2016) who find positive effects of the program on microenterprise ownership and income, we investigate the effects of the program on women who were most disempowered through an analysis of the joint distribution of the impacts and the changes in deprivation profiles of the targeted populations. Using a measure of ten indicators in five dimensions, we find that the intervention is successful in reducing the average number of deprivations by 13.6% on average relative to the control group at endline. Our analysis show that the intervention was successful in reducing the incidence and the severity of disempowerment among those who experience it more severely. However, we find that, even at endline, most of the participants in the sample experienced deprivation in at least two of the ten indicators simultaneously and that the group dynamics arm of the program did not have a significant impact on the beneficiaries’ empowerment.
Diversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest Urban Park, Salvador, Brazil
Authors: de Souza Raquel Lima , Ferreira Gabriel dos Santos , Borja Lairton Souza , Nazaré Romero de Jesus , Mugabe Vánio Andre , Argibay Hernan Darío , Portilho Moyra Machado , Jacob-Nascimento Leile Camila , Reis Mitermayer Galvão , Kitron Uriel D , Ribeiro Guilherme Sousa
Published: March 2022

We identified mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment located in a large urban park in Salvador, Brazil, one year after a citywide epizootic of yellow fever virus (YFV). Between May 2 and August 2, 2018, adult mosquitoes were collected using the human attraction method, followed by trapping with hand-nets, and CO2-baited light traps placed at ground level and in the canopy. We collected a total of 11,914 mosquitoes, which belonged to three tribes, five genera, and at least seven species. The most abundant taxa captured by CO2-baited light traps were Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, Diptera: Culicidae) Limatus spp. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Wyeomyia spp. (Diptera: Culicidae), while by human attraction, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Wyeomyia spp., and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae) were captured most often. The diversity of mosquitoes by species was greater in the park area with restinga vegetation compared to the area with dense rainforest. Although vectors commonly associated with sylvatic YFV transmission were not captured, we collected several species capable of transmission of other arboviruses. Given the high likelihood of encounters between mosquitoes and human visitors in environments, such as the one studied, periodic entomological surveys to determine the risk of arbovirus transmission in these settings are warranted.
MeerTRAP: 12 Galactic fast transients detected in a real-time, commensal MeerKAT survey
Authors: Bezuidenhout M C , Barr E , Caleb M , Driessen L N , Jankowski F , Kramer M , Malenta M , Morello V , Rajwade K , Sanidas S , Stappers B W , Surnis M
Published: March 2022

MeerTRAP is a real-time untargeted search project using the MeerKAT telescope to find single pulses from fast radio transients and pulsars. It is performed commensally with the MeerKAT large survey projects (LSPs), using data from up to 64 of MeerKAT’s 13.96 m dishes to form hundreds of coherent beams on sky, each of which is processed in real time to search for millisecond-duration pulses. We present the first 12 Galactic sources discovered by MeerTRAP, with DMs in the range of 33–381 pc cm−3. One source may be Galactic or extragalactic depending on the Galactic electron density model assumed. Follow-up observations performed with the MeerKAT, Lovell, and Parkes radio telescopes have detected repeat pulses from 7 of the 12 sources. Pulse periods have been determined for four sources. Another four sources could be localized to the arcsecond-level using a novel implementation of the tied-array beam localization method.
Spitzer and Herschel studies of dust in supernova remnants in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Matsuura Mikako , Ayley Victoria , Chawner Hannah , Filipović M D , Reid Warren , Priestley F D , Rigby Andy , Barlow M J , Gomez Haley E
Published: March 2022

With the entire Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) mapped by the Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory, we were able to search 8–250 $\mu$m images in order to identify infrared (IR) emission associated with SMC supernova remnants (SNRs). A valid detection had to correspond with known X-ray, H α, and radio emission from the SNRs. From the 24 known SNRs, we made five positive detections with another five possible detections. Two detections are associated with pulsars or pulsar wind nebula, and another three detections are part of the extended nebulous emission from the SNRs. We modelled dust emission where fast moving electrons are predicted to collide and heat dust grains which then radiate in IR. With known distance (62.44 ± 0.47 kpc), measured SNR sizes, electron densities, temperatures from X-ray emission as well as hydrogen densities, the modelling of SMC SNRs is straightforward. If the higher range of hydrogen and electron densities were to be accepted, we would expect almost all SMC SNRs to be detected in the IR, at least at 24 $\mu$m, but the actual detection rate is only 25 per cent. One possible and common explanation for this discrepancy is that small grains have been destroyed by the SNRs shockwave. However, within the uncertainties of hydrogen and electron densities, we find that IR dust emission can be explained reasonably well, without invoking dust destruction. There is no conclusive evidence that SNRs destroy swept-up ISM dust.
Nodal precession of WASP-33b for 11 yr by Doppler tomographic and transit photometric observations
Authors: Watanabe Noriharu , Narita Norio , Palle Enric , Fukui Akihiko , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Parviainen Hannu , Murgas Felipe , Casasayas-Barris Núria , Johnson Marshall C , Sato Bun’ei , Livingston John H , de Leon Jerome P , Mori Mayuko , Nishiumi Taku , Terada Yuka , Esparza-Borges Emma , Kawauchi Kiyoe
Published: March 2022

WASP-33b, a hot Jupiter around a hot star, is a rare system in which nodal precession has been discovered. We updated the model for the nodal precession of WASP-33b by adding new observational points. Consequently, we found a motion of the nodal precession spanning 11 yr. We present homogenous Doppler tomographic analyses of eight data sets, including two new data sets from TS23 and HIDES, obtained between 2008 and 2019, to illustrate the variations in the projected spin–orbit obliquity of WASP-33b and its impact parameter. We also present its impact parameters based on photometric transit observations captured by MuSCAT in 2017 and MuSCAT2 in 2018. We derived its real spin–orbit obliquity ψ, stellar spin inclination is, and stellar gravitational quadrupole moment J2 from the time variation models of the two orbital parameters. We obtained $\psi = 108.19^{+0.95}_{-0.97}$ deg, $i_\mathit{ s} = 58.3^{+4.6}_{-4.2}$ deg, and $J_2=(1.36^{+0.15}_{-0.12}) \times 10^{-4}$. Our J2 value was slightly smaller than the theoretically predicted value, which may indicate that its actual stellar internal structure is different from the theoretical one. We derived the nodal precession speed $\dot{\theta }=0.507^{+0.025}_{-0.022}$ deg yr−1, and its period $P_{\mathrm{pre}}=709^{+33}_{-34}$ yr, and found that WASP-33b transits in front of WASP-33 for only ∼ 20 per cent of the entire nodal precession period.
Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with inflammation and poor survival in early-stage HPV-negative tongue cancer
Authors: Desai Sanket , Dharavath Bhasker , Manavalan Sujith , Rane Aishwarya , Redhu Archana Kumari , Sunder Roma , Butle Ashwin , Mishra Rohit , Joshi Asim , Togar Trupti , Apte Shruti , Bala Pratyusha , Chandrani Pratik , Chopra Supriya , Bashyam Murali Dharan , Banerjee Anirban , Prabhash Kumar , Nair Sudhir , Dutt Amit
Published: March 2022

Persistent pathogen infection is a known cause of malignancy, although with sparse systematic evaluation across tumor types. We present a comprehensive landscape of 1060 infectious pathogens across 239 whole exomes and 1168 transcriptomes of breast, lung, gallbladder, cervical, colorectal, and head and neck tumors. We identify known cancer-associated pathogens consistent with the literature. In addition, we identify a significant prevalence of Fusobacterium in head and neck tumors, comparable to colorectal tumors. The Fusobacterium-high subgroup of head and neck tumors occurs mutually exclusive to human papillomavirus, and is characterized by overexpression of miRNAs associated with inflammation, elevated innate immune cell fraction and nodal metastases. We validate the association of Fusobacterium with the inflammatory markers IL1B, IL6 and IL8, miRNAs hsa-mir-451a, hsa-mir-675 and hsa-mir-486-1, and MMP10 in the tongue tumor samples. A higher burden of Fusobacterium is also associated with poor survival, nodal metastases and extracapsular spread in tongue tumors defining a distinct subgroup of head and neck cancer.