bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Optimal Wavelet De-noising Parameters to Predict Nutrient Content in Oil Palm Leaves using Spectroradiometer
Authors: Jayaselan Helena A. J. , Ismail Wan I. W. , Shariff Abdul R. M. , Nawi Nazmi M.
Published: April 2021

In order to reduce excessive fertiliser application, a non-destructive method of spectral data acquisition using spectroradiometer with wavelet analysis was explored to determine the level of nutrients in the oil palm leaves. In spectral data analysis, wavelet de-noising (WD) can be applied to remove background noises and other disturbances such as scattered light that may affect the results of data. Therefore, this study aims to determine and evaluate the best combination of parameters for WD, with respect to nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). These nutrients were studied for three age groups of immature, mature, and old palms. The results were evaluated based on the highest value of coefficient of determination (R2) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) of partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis. The prediction of nutrient content correlation was found to have tremendous improvement using the proposed technique when compared to the original spectra, with highest prediction R2 value of 0.99 for K of mature palms, 0.97 for N of immature palms and 0.95 for P of mature palms. The results of WD for nutrients prediction were found to be better than results from chemometric method of namely multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). It was observed that for each nutrient type and palm maturity level, there were different combination of parameters based on the highest R2 value that best suited them. Therefore, spectroradiometer assisted with optimal wavelet de-noising parameters gives excellent relationship between spectral data and nutrients N, P, and K.
The Newtonian Gravitational Constant G Interpreted as the Gravitational Inertia of Vacuum - G0. How to Arrange Twelve Precise Experimental Determinations of GZ in their Spread 500 ppm?
Authors: Stávek Jiří
Published: April 2021

We have newly interpreted the Newtonian gravitational constant G as the gravitational inertia of vacuum G0. The source mass inserted into vacuum decreases this value G0 to GZ on the dependence of the atomic number Z of atoms in the source mass. This is the mechanism for the attraction of test masses through vacuum – the test mass follows the decrease of the gravitational inertia of vacuum towards the source mass. We have extracted the relationship GZ = G0 (1 – k Z) where k is the experimental constant from ten actual precise experimental determinations of GZ. This model was tested on two precise experimental values of GZ determined for GEARTH, and GBRASS. This model enables to predict values GZ for atoms, molecules and compositions of the studied source masses and to realize experimental verification with the existing experimental technology. The experimental GZ values are thus arranged into a system and the spread in these data is explained as the influence of atoms of the source masses on their surrounding via the decrease of the gravitational inertia of vacuum. We might achieve the accuracy of experimental values GZ with six significant figures for all configurations of source and test masses.
Foco na aprendizagem
Authors: Bof Alvana Maria
Published: April 2021

O Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) prevê, em sua Meta 7, o fomento à qualidade da educação básica com incremento do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb). Determina ainda, na Estratégia 7.2, que seja assegurada aos estudantes aprendizagem em nível suficiente, de forma que todos alcancem, até o final da vigência do Plano, tal nível em relação aos direitos e objetivos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de seu ano de estudo. Este artigo focaliza a análise dos resultados relativos ao aprendizado dos alunos do ensino fundamental (EF) no Brasil a partir do início da vigência do PNE, com base na Estratégia 7.2. Busca, assim, verificar como o País se encontra, considerando a perspectiva de atender a determinação de que todos os alunos do ensino fundamental alcancem níveis suficientes de aprendizado. Para tal, são analisados os resultados das avaliações do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (Saeb) de 2013, 2015 e 2017 em relação aos níveis de aprendizado alcançados pelos alunos do 5º e do 9º ano do EF em Língua Portuguesa e em Matemática, examinando a evolução do aprendizado nesse período. Investigam-se, ainda, à luz de estudos da literatura nacional na área de melhoria da aprendizagem e desigualdades na educação básica, as  desigualdades no aprendizado e quem são os estudantes que majoritariamente apresentam desempenho abaixo do nível suficiente.
Analisis Efektivitas dan Kontribusi Penerimaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Ponorogo Tahun 2015-2019
Authors: Fidiyaningtyas Fidiyaningtiyas , Mustoffa Ardyan Firdausi
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Tingkat efektivitas penerimaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Daerah Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) di Kabupaten Ponorogo Tahun 2015-2019. (2) Besarnya kontribusi Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Kabupaten Ponorogo tahun 2015-2019. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tingkat efektivitas Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) di Kabupaten Ponorogo tahun 2015-2019 rata-rata berada pada kriteria sangat efektif sebesar 105,46%. . (2) Tingkat kontribusi Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Ponorogo tahun 2015-2019 masih dalam kriteria rendah yaitu 10,52%.Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Kontribusi, Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2), Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD).
Razonamiento moral entre estudiantes de Ingeniería en Sistemas: conflictos éticos sobre Tecnologías de la Información
Authors: Merlyn Sacoto Marie-France , Mora Ortiz Andrés Mauricio , Rivas Franco Pablo Andrés
Published: April 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la posible relación entre los procesos de razonamiento moral (emocionales y racionales) y la resolución dada a los conflictos éticos en relación a las Tecnologías de la Información (TI). Para ello, se trabajó con una muestra de 177 estudiantes de Ingeniería de Sistemas (83% hombres, 17% mujeres) de entre 17 a 26 años, a quienes se les aplicó el ‘Ethical IT Survey’ y un cuestionario suplementario para medir razonamiento moral. Los resultados indican que existe diferencias en los puntajes obtenidos para las cuatro categorías de escenarios analizados, ubicando a las respuestas de los temas de Privacidad y Propiedad como éticamente cuestionables, y a los de Precisión y Accesibilidad como antiéticas. El tipo de razonamiento que prevalece es el emocional. Asimismo, más de la mitad de los participantes reportan haber cometido conductas antiéticas en lo que respecta a las categorías de Propiedad y Accesibilidad, lo que muestra una discrepancia entre la apreciación cognitiva del conflicto ético y la ejecución de conductas relacionadas con estas temáticas. Se concluye que es fundamental en la formación de los estudiantes enfatizar la importancia de la ética en los asuntos relacionados con las TI.
Factores cognitivo-motivacionales relacionados con el ajuste a la vida universitaria de estudiantes chilenos
Authors: Zuñiga-Vilches Maite , Vergara-Morales Jorge , Pérez María-Victoria , Díaz Alejandro
Published: April 2021

Los desafíos que implica la adaptación a la vida universitaria pueden constituir una sobrecarga de recursos personales relacionados con aspectos académicos y cognitivo-motivacionales, lo que puede afectar la decisión de continuar los estudios universitarios. Por este motivo, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la relación del aprendizaje autorregulado y la autoeficacia académica con el ajuste a la vida universitaria, considerando el rol mediador de la autorregulación del aprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal, considerando una estrategia asociativa de carácter explicativa. Los participantes fueron un total de 470 estudiantes de universitarios. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, análisis de correlación y análisis de mediación SEM. Los resultados de correlación mostraron que las relaciones variaron en su magnitud de acuerdo con las dimensiones del ajuste a la vida universitaria. Además, se identificó que la autorregulación del aprendizaje tiene un rol mediador en el efecto de la autoeficacia académica sobre el ajuste a la vida universitaria. Estos hallazgos permiten afirmar la importancia que tienen las variables socio-cognitivas en el proceso de adaptación de estudiantes universitarios.
It’s Of(fish)cial: Pulp Mill Effluent Can Alter Reproductive Cycles of Ontario Fish
Authors: Hovey Julie , Fillier Robert , Heysel Christopher , Lintott Laura , Lue Andrew
Published: April 2021

Pulp and paper mills are of economic importance in Canada, however their effluent waste is being channeled into water bodies and causing a variety of negative effects in aquatic ecosystems. Pulp mill effluents are chemical compounds which are oxygen consuming, persistent, and toxic, and have the capacity to mimic physiological compounds. A review of current literature on pulp mill effluent reveals that these chemicals can mimic the reproductive hormones of fish, thereby having effects on local fish reproductive cycles. These reproductive alterations include decreased steroidogenesis, reduced gonad size, and altered expression of secondary sex characteristics that together can affect the health of wild fish populations. However, there has been considerable variation found in the effects of pulp mill effluent based on chemical composition of the pollutants, and the sex, species, and exposure duration of the affected fish. Biotreatment has been considered as a viable option for reducing the impact of effluent on fish reproduction. We suggest that alterations in reproductive cycles can have downstream effects through trophic cascades which in turn may have widespread effects on community structure. Future research should include analysis of long term consequences on multiple species in affected ecosystems, as well as further study on the use of biotreatment to reduce the impact of effluent.
Cleavage of Arpin by Calpain as a Potential Regulation Mechanism of the Arp2/3 Complex and Cell Motility
Authors: Potashner Renee
Published: April 2021

Cell movement is mediated by cycles of actin polymerisation. A novel protein, Arpin, was discovered that has been suggested to decrease cell motility through competitive inhibition of WASP family proteins, the activators of the complex driving actin polymerisation. In preliminary studies, Arpin was found to inhibit the Arp2/3 complex (Gautreau and Blanchoin, personal communication). Arpin contains sequence homology to the Arp2/3-binding site of WASP proteins. Calpains, a family of intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, can be found near the plasma membrane and the concentration of calcium ion required for activation is decreased when calpain is bound to the plasma membrane in the presence of phospholipids (Leloup et al. 2010). The common localization of calpain and Arpin, along with the known contributions calpain has in regulating other cell motility proteins, makes calpain a likely candidate for Arpin regulation. By transfecting calpain wild-type (pz/pz), knockdown (p/p) and lentivirus rescue mouse embryonic fibroblasts with a plasmid containing the Arpin gene (c15orf38), I hope to show the presence of differential cleavage of Arpin by calpain in the wild-type cells compared to the calpain knock-down cells through Western blot analysis. Understanding how Arpin is regulated will provide a basis for further research in cell motility, which has contributions to cancer metastasis and other diseases.
40Ar/39Ar Dating and Characterization of Hornblende from the Nelson Plutonic Suite, Southern Kootenay Arc, SE B.C.
Authors: Pickett Jessica
Published: April 2021

The Kootenay Arc located in SE B.C. has experienced more than one episode of tectonism, metamorphism and plutonism. The Mid-Jurassic to Eocene thermal history of the area has been investigated using K-Ar and 40/39 dating methods of biotite and muscovite; however there are no reliable hornblende dates from this area. This study will investigate two easterly stocks of the Nelson Plutonic Suite, the Mine and Wall stocks. Both of these have U-Pb zircon ages between 171 and 168 Ma but record a wide range of mica cooling and overprinting dates between 166 Ma in the west and 67 Ma in the east. 40Ar/39Ar age spectra for hornblende from 11 rocks in these stocks comprising a transect of the area, will aid in defining the higher temperature part of the thermal history. Previous attempts to prepare bulk hornblende separates were unsuccessful due to overgrowths and intergrowths of biotite, chlorite, plagioclase and K-feldspar. Part of this study involves testing the efficiency of SELFRAG disaggregation, which uses pulses of electrostatic power to break apart the biotite-hornblende-epidote granodiorite along mineral cleavage planes and grain boundaries. This should lead to higher purity mineral separates and better dates. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microprobe analysis analyse the separates looking for K-rich inclusions and the hornblendes variation in chemistry. Ca/K ratios are typical of igneous amphibole. Combined with previous K-Ar and 40/39 results for micas these hornblende dates should provide some insight into the history of the Next Creek fault and the thermotectonic history of the area.
Can Change Probability Contextual Information Improve the Change Identification Process?
Authors: Tseng Calvin
Published: April 2021

The visual world is extremely complex, so unconscious mechanisms exist to autonomously direct attention to objects with behavioral importance. One such mechanism – contextual cueing – utilizes the visual context of a scene to focus attention. Therefore, because contextual information unconsciously influences human visual perception, its role in enabling individuals to process scenes is of great interest. This study examined whether contextual information regarding change probability can facilitate the process of change identification. MATLAB and Psychophysics Toolbox Version 3 were used to present abstract scenes in a one-shot change blindness paradigm. Two types of scenes were presented: one in which context was predictive of change likelihood, the other in which context was non-predictive of change likelihood. The accuracy with which subjects detected and localized changes in both scene types was compared, but no significant difference in accuracy was found. This observation suggests that contextual information regarding change probability alone is insufficient to improve the change identification accuracy. Subsequently, it may be that even when individuals are aware that a visual scene is likely to change, they still require additional contextual cues to improve change identification.
Differences in the Clinical Profile of Adolescents and Young Adults with Major Depressive Disorder Across Parental History Groups
Authors: Gillies Jennifer
Published: April 2021

An important causal factor of depression is family history ¾ there is compelling evidence that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is familial. Although the connection between a maternal history of depression and offspring risk is well established, paternal history has been largely ignored in research thus far. The first goal of this study is to examine differences in the clinical profile of MDD across parental depression history groups (i.e., both-parent history versus maternal history only versus paternal history only versus no parental history).  Based on previous findings, I predict that the severity of the clinical course of MDD (as operationalized by a higher severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, an increased likelihood of recurrence, and a greater likelihood of a comorbid anxiety disorder) will be highest for offspring with a both-parent history of depression, followed by those with a maternal history only, followed by individuals with a paternal history only, and lastly by offspring with no parental history of depression. The second goal is to determine if the group differences hypothesized above are further moderated by offspring sex. To date, very little is known about how parental history influences the clinical presentation of MDD in depressed offspring. This study will contribute to a limited body of research, and is unique in that it will include four parental history groups as well as offspring sex in its analyses. The study will use a quasi-archival sample of approximately 250 participants between 12 and 29 years of age, who have been diagnosed with MDD.
Liberty and the City
Authors: Schaefer Thilo
Published: April 2021

The city is the locus of our every-day lives. It is where we are free to live, socialize, shop, and labour. However, with this freedom also comes unfreedom. Policies and systemic structures are capable of denying freedom as much as supporting it. With the freedom of the automobile came the erosion of sidewalks, with the increased provision of common parks (like those in gated communities) came the elimination of genuine public space, and with the construction of subsidized housing projects came the destruction of many dynamic neighbourhoods and socio-economic segregation. Debates over the content of “freedom” have long been a tradition within political theory. This thesis transplants those debates to the urban realm of the “every-day.” Guided by the works of both urban theorists (including David Harvey and Jane Jacobs) and theorists of liberty (Rawls, Nozick, and G.A. Cohen, among others), the completed project will synthesize the two and demonstrate how features of urban environments affect the realization of human freedom.
The Private Eye of Public Life: Surveillance, Security, and Urban Governance in the City of Toronto
Authors: Carter Michael
Published: April 2021

Market forces increasingly drive the development of urban space in globalized cities. Following deindustrialization, some municipalities have become dependent upon tax revenues derived from office towers. City managers and officer tower developers work under the pressure of competition to ensure their spaces are attractive to this highly mobile work force; safety and security are key selling points. In Toronto, large sections of urban space have been privatized and are policed by private security. Much of the privately owned space is designed to be publicly accessible, creating new dynamics between private security and public police. Changes to federal and provincial legislation, combined with a rapid expansion in the deployment of private security guards, signal an emerging urban governance model that supports private-public partnerships in policing. Under the supervision of David Murakami Wood, I conducted interviews with high-ranking politicians, security professionals, and social services executives in Toronto. These interviews revealed concerns about the erosion of public space, the treatment of marginalized populations, and inadequate private security regulations. Some argue the legal rights of private property owners permit security and surveillance practices that violate democratic values. Clearly, there is tension between the market forces that inform private policing, and the civic accountability of public police forces that remains unresolved. My research suggests new legislation is required to ensure this emerging urban governance model, which features private policing, preserves the democratic rights and freedoms of all citizens.
Three-Year-Olds Overimitate when Actions are Presented as Conventions
Authors: Merwin Kathleen
Published: April 2021

Imitation is a universal social learning mechanism, observed in all countries, across all ages. Three- to 5-year-olds are so prone to imitation that they occasionally exhibit “overimitation” – that is, they imitate actions that are apparently superfluous to achieving a particular goal. One explanation for overimitation is that children believe that there is something causal about the superfluous actions. An alternative explanation is that children believe that the superfluous actions reflect a particular “style” of performing the action that may be conventional within the community. The goal of the present study is to address these two possibilities by investigating whether children overimitate equally from knowledgeable and ignorant models. We reasoned that if children believe that the actor’s superfluous actions are causal, they might overimitate anytime those intentional actions precede the achievement of a goal. In contrast, if children are more concerned about conventional ways of doing things, they might only overimitate superfluous actions when it is clear that they are being presented as conventions. Sixty-eight 3-year-old children were allowed to use a novel toy machine after causally relevant and superfluous actions on the toy were demonstrated by a knowledgeable or ignorant model. Results suggested that children overimitated more when the model was present (versus only caregiver present) and when the model was knowledgeable (versus ignorant) of the toy machine. These findings suggest that children do not simply overimitate any intentional actions modelled by actors that precede a goal. Instead, they selectively overimitate when there is evidence that those actions are conventional.
Uncovering the Legitimacy of Possible Causes of Conflict in African States
Authors: Mastrocola Nicole
Published: April 2021

There has been prominent conflict and intense violence throughout African countries in the past and recent years. This paper will present research regarding the effectiveness of proposed causal mechanisms contributing to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The plausible causes which may have led to the escalation of conflict in Rwanda during the 1990’s will be discussed. However, a key concept which seemed to lack further analysis when discussing the origin of conflict in Rwanda was the “why” aspect. As my research discusses, there has been similar causal mechanisms outlined and prevalent among various case studies in Africa. Therefore, an imperative question to ask is: Why has the intensity of violence differed between certain African countries that share the existence of similar causal factors? Specifically, I focus on the effectiveness of Belgian colonialism as a contributing factor to the Rwandan genocide and the lack of legitimacy of primordial classification (traditional and static claims depicting similar characteristics which are shared among groups and people). I compare the effects of these possible causes by analyzing the case studies of Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, in an attempt to explain the differences in the levels of violence witnessed in all three countries which were significantly affected by Belgian colonialism and ethnic classifications of people.
Understanding Color Polymorphism in the Sea Star, Pisaster ochraceus, Through Activity Levels and Dietary Preference
Authors: McDevitt-Irwin Jamie
Published: April 2021

Color polymorphism is found in a wide array of organisms ranging from copepods to black bears. Pisaster ochraceus, an intertidal sea star on the North Pacific West Coast, shows a striking color polymorphism including a range of orange, brown, maroon, and purple. Pisaster shows extensive geographic color variation, with >95% frequency of bright purple Pisaster in the Vancouver region; while the open pacific coast has a frequency distribution of 6-28% orange, 68-90% reddish-brown to dull purple, and a small percentage of bright purple. Maintenance of color polymorphism remains unknown, but one hypothesis suggests an underlying genetic component with regional-scale variation controlled by an ecological factor. Two ecological factors suggested are diet and salinity. This study analyzes the differences in dietary preference and activity levels between the color morphs in Bamfield, British Columbia. Pisaster was binned into two colors, orange and purple, for statistical analysis.  Feeding laboratory trials showed no preference between the color morphs for Mytilus edilus or Mytilus californianus. Self-righting trials were performed in a low (20 psu) and controlled (35 psu) salinity and no significant difference was found between the color morphs. Interestingly, the activity levels of orange color morphs were not significantly different between low and control salinity. The results suggest there are ecological differences between the color morphs that still need to be evaluated.
Comparasion Of Insult Regulation Towards President/Vice President In The Decree of The Constitutional Court
Authors: Nainggolan Robinsius Asido Putra
Published: April 2021

The reform of criminal law in Indonesia, which has become one of the discourses, is the Article regarding insults to the President and Vice President in the 2019 RUUKUHP. The government re-included several articles of insulting the president in the Draft Criminal Code formulation, which the Constitutional Court deleted through Decision Number: 013.022/PUU IV/2006. So the problem in this research is how the policy formulation of offense against the President and Vice President is following the formulation of the RUUKUHP and how the comparison of articles on insulting the President and Vice President in the formulation of the Draft Criminal Code with the Constitutional Court Judge Decision No: 013.022/PUU IV/2006. The research method used is juridical normative based on secondary data through library research data collection and data analysis. The discussion results show that the policy for the formulation of offense against the President/Vice President following the formulation of the RUUKUHP is an effort to provide legal protection to the President/Vice President as a symbol in state life. Comparing articles regarding insults to the President and Vice President in the formulation of the RUUKUHP with the Constitutional Court Decision No: 013.022/PUUIV/2006 have both similarities and differences.
The Romanian Superior Council of Magistracy’s Role in the Protection of The Law Enforcement
Authors: Călin Dragoș
Published: April 2021

The Romanian Superior Council of Magistracy (RSCM) has failed to provide stability as an active form of involvement to defend the judicial officers against acts that injures their independenc, impartiality, and professional reputation. The disrespect towards the juidical officers through the media have not motivated the RSM to take any actions. This is not aligned with their responsibility to clarify any miss-leading information. The RSCM has yet to overcome the flawed integrity of the judiciary system.
Rola selenu w patogenezie chorób tarczycy
Authors: Wala Kamila , Zieliński Karol , Zdrojewicz Zygmunt
Published: April 2021

Diseases of the thyroid gland are an increasing epidemiological problem in Poland. These are primarily disorders associated with insufficient production of hormones, referred to as hypothyroidism. For the proper functioning of the gland, it is necessary to correctly supplement micronutrients, among which one of the most important is selenium. The aim of the study is to present the role of selenium in thyroid diseases. This element is part of many enzymes from the selenoproteases group. Insufficient supply leads to a reduction in the synthesis of tetradodotyronin 5-deiodinase and antioxidant enzymes. In the case of selenium deficiency, the thyroid hormone formation process is disturbed and the destructive effect of oxidative stress on gland cells is increased. Adequate supplementation of this microelement is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.
Wiedza dotycząca zaburzeń odżywiania w opinii studentów pielęgniarstwa
Authors: Kaczor-Pyter Bogusława , Januszewicz Paweł
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Eating disorders are a big problem that affects many people. Appropriate level of knowledge of health sector employees is a great opportunity to help people, especially young people, who are affected by this problem. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge on eating disorders among nursing students at the University of Rzeszów. Material and methods. The survey was conducted among students of nursing, using the Author’s Questionnaire from May to June 2018. Results. Socio-demographic factors slightly differentiate the knowledge of nursing students about eating disorders. Young people between the ages of 14 and 18 are the most exposed to eating disorders. Conclusions. The knowledge of medical students on the field of eating disorders should be increased.
Profilaktyka i terapia żywieniowa w chorobie wrzodowej żołądka
Authors: Kołodziej Grażyna , Klasik-Ciszewska Sylwia
Published: April 2021

Peptic ulcer disease is considered a very important clinical problem. It is the most frequently occurring gastrointestinal disease entity. It is characterized by the formation of cavities in the gastric mucosa and occurs in people of all ages. The main factor responsible for its development is Helicobacter pylori. There are also many factors responsible for the development of the disease. Genetic predisposition, pathogenicity of H. pylori strain, taking various medications as well as inappropriate diet, rich in stimulants, are indicated. Treatment of the disease consists mainly in the eradication of pathogenic bacteria. This procedure is extremely difficult due to the growing resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics. Therefore, the therapy consists of administering several drugs at the same time. Additionally, during the course of treatment, care should be taken to balance the protective and irritating factors of the gastric mucosa. Proton pump inhibitors are helpful for this purpose. An increasing importance of support is attributed to proper dietary management. It aims to select easily digestible products that do not stimulate the excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid and do not remain in the stomach for a long time. Products stimulating the movement of the stomach are also eliminated in order to reduce pain. In addition to the selection of the right products, the amount and volume of meals, as well as the way of preparing them, are important. The diet in peptic ulcer of the stomach fully covers the energy demand and for minerals and vitamins. Taking into account the antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria, substances of vegetable origin are also more and more often indicated as an important element supporting treatment.
Zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych u osób w wieku podeszłym – wyzwanie dzisiejszej medycyny w zakresie opieki pielęgniarskiej i wielodyscyplinarnej oceny
Authors: Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta , Kwiecień-Jaguś Katarzyna , Piotrkowska Renata , Jarzynkowski Piotr , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Czyż-Szypenbejl Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

Cognitive disorders after surgery are a quite common problem, though not fully understood and described in detail. The problem of cognitive disorders concerns not only young people, but also elderly people, which, according to statistical data, constitute an increasingly large population group. The literature on the subject points to the multidimensionality and complexity of the phenomenon of cognitive disorders. Their occurrence may be related to the patient's preparation for surgery, the extent of surgery, post-operative care, the intensity of pain, the way of nourishing the patients before surgery or even leading a hygienic lifestyle. The introduction of psychological tests in the elderly can be helpful in categorizing patients and assessing their need for nursing care. The aim of the study is to present the problem of cognitive disorders in the elderly, to describe them, as well as to identify the most important factors in the care of an elderly patient. Very important in the care of patients with cognitive impairment is good cooperation between doctors, nurses, psychologists, physiotherapists and dietitians.
Wide opening of the tract of horseshoe fistulas and high intersphincteric fistulas
Authors: Ciesielski Przemysław , Kołodziejczak Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

Wide surgical opening of the fistulous tract is a surgical modality that has been known for a long time. Nevertheless, the method is only used on a sporadic basis, by few surgeons, owing to the large extent of postoperative wound associated with this type of surgery, and a long healing period that may be burdensome for the patient. The surgical management of horseshoe fistulas by opening the fistulous tract and thereby exposing the deep postanal space from the posterior approach, with separation of the superficial external sphincter muscle fibers, was first described by Hanley in 1965, though other surgeons also highlighted the key role of wide surgical opening and drainage of the deep postanal space. The modality is most commonly used in the treatment of horseshoe and high intersphincteric fistulas. The authors of the paper describe the method of wide opening of the fistulous tract, and outline modifications of the method reported in the literature. Transrectal ultrasound examination is recommended prior to surgery, and where the presence of high cisterns and branching is suspected, the diagnostic work-up should be extended to include pelvic MRI. The procedure is usually preceded by drainage of the main fistulous tract and branches in order to reduce infection. Various types of setons have been proposed, hence multiple modifications of the method are reported. Wide opening of the horseshoe fistula tract is an example of a bold surgical intervention, resulting in an extensive wound and associated with prolonged postoperative healing. The method represents an effective therapeutic option in patients with recurrent horseshoe fistulas involving the deep postanal space.
Iatrogenic vesicorectal fistula: therapeutic challenges. Case reports and literature review
Authors: Roslan Marek , Borowik Michał , Przudzik Maciej , Ćwikła Jarosław , Zadrożny Dariusz
Published: April 2021

Iatrogenic vesicorectal fistula (IVRF) is a serious complication of prostate and colorectal surgery. Fistula repair is a highly challenging procedure. Multiple surgical techniques for IVRF repair have been proposed, but there is as yet no consensus as to which method should be recognised as the gold standard. The aim of the paper is to present our own experience in the treatment of IVRF with reference to the most up-to-date literature reports. Different methods of IVRF treatment are discussed based on 3 patients, aged 68, 67 and 72 years, in whom vesicorectal fistula occurred after radical prostatectomy (2 cases) and rectal resection due to cancer (1 case). Before starting treatment in the urology department, all the patients underwent several unsuccessful surgical procedures performed via various operative techniques. The techniques and patient outcomes are discussed in the context of selected literature reports. Two patients with IVRF after radical prostatectomy were successfully treated by transrectal repair, while the patient with IVRF developing after the treatment of rectal cancer underwent transvesical laparoendoscopic surgery and is currently followed up. The patients’ follow-up periods are 36, 8 and 1 month, respectively. IVRF treatment is a major challenge and requires the medical team to be familiar with a variety of operative techniques. Often, multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimal patient management. Therapeutic failures occur regardless of the treatment used. Modern minimally invasive surgical treatments seem to occupy an important place in the therapeutic armamentarium for IVRF.
Fistulotomy followed by anal sphincter reconstruction – indications, benefits and pitfalls of the method
Authors: Kołodziejczak Małgorzata , Ciesielski Przemysław , Gorajska-Sieńko Maja , Szczotko Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Fistula-in-ano is a disease which has challenged surgeons for centuries because of high postoperative complication rates including recurrences, and symptoms of postoperative gas and stool incontinence. The paper addresses the surgical method of fistula excision followed by sphincter reconstruction. The procedure is not new, but it has gained popularity in recent years. The primary indications for its use include complex high anal fistulas, posterior transsphincteric fistulas in patients with good baseline continence, and fistulas of “borderline” height, involving approximately 50% of the external sphincter mass. In cases of high and/or complex fistulas, the first stage of management is typically loose seton drainage to reduce the risk of infection. Prior to surgical intervention, it is important to assess the patient’s preoperative continence status. The paper presents the surgical technique of the intervention, outlines possible complications, and reviews the literature reporting the experiences of other authors who use the method. Fistulotomy followed by sphincter reconstruction is a bold surgical approach. It requires extensive experience in performing colorectal surgical procedures, and it is suitable for a selected group of patients. On account of possible complications including impaired postoperative gas and stool continence, the patient should receive appropriate information before surgery, and sign the surgical consent form. Fistulotomy followed by sphincter reconstruction is a good therapeutic option in patients with recurrent high anal fistulas unsuccessfully treated by other methods.
PENGENALAN SOFTWARE JBATIK PADA KARYAWAN NISYA BATIK KUNINGAN
Authors: Nugraha Rika , Nugraha Nunu , Abbas Cecep Juliansyah , Sugiharto Tito , Sulistiani Mirna
Published: April 2021

The purpose of devotion is the introduction of JBatik Software to Nisya Batik Kuningan employees. The era of globalization, the younger generation is expected to have entrepreneurial abilities that can be used as opportunities to improve the welfare of the community. The method of conducting entrepreneurship counseling activities for the younger generation was carried out on 9-11 September in Nisya Batik, Cikubangsari Village, Kramatmulya District, Kuningan Regency. The number of participants in this activity were 4 young people from Nisya Batik employees in Cikubangsari Village, Kramatmulya District, Kuningan Regency with a high school education background. The method used is the presentation method, the method of introduction of software and training methods for making batik motifs. The material in this training activity is in the form of software for making batik motifs that makes it easy for employees so that they do not require finishing in making batik motifs before. The result of dedication that is Nisya Batik along with Cikubangsari Village, Kramatmulya Subdistrict, Kuningan Regency can launch empowerment activities especially in developing the use of technology as production and planned efficiency between Universities and Village Officials to explore the potentials in the region.Keywords: Technology, Nisya Batik, Batik Motifs.Abstrak AbstrakTujuan dari pengabdian adalah pengenalan Software JBatik pada karyawan Nisya Batik Kuningan. Era globalisasi, generasi muda diharapkan memiliki kemampuan berwirausaha yang dapat dijadikan peluang untuk  meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.. Metode pelaksanaan  kegiatan  penyuluhan kewirausahaan bagi generasi muda ini dilaksanakan  pada  tanggal 9 -11 September di Nisya Batik Desa Cikubangsari Kecamatan Kramatmulya Kabupaten Kuningan.  Adapun jumlah  peserta dalam kegiatan ini sebanyak  4  orang  generasi  muda dari karyawan Nisya Batik Desa Cikubangsari Kecamatan Kramatmulya Kabupaten Kuningan dengan latar belakang pendidikan SMA. Metode yang digunakan  yaitu metode presentasi, metode pengenalan software dan metode pelatihan pembuatan  motif-motif batik. Materi dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini berupa software untuk pembuatan motif batik yang memudahkan bagi karyawan sehingga tidak memerlukan kembali finishing dalam pembuatan motif batik sebelumnya. Hasil pengabdian yaitu Nisya Batik beserta jajaran  Desa Cikubangsari Kecamatan Kramatmulya Kabupaten Kuningan dapat mencanangkan kegiatan pemberdayaan khususnya dalam mengembangkan penggunaan teknologi sebagai efisiensi produksi dan terencana antara Perguruan Tinggi dengan Aparat Desa untuk menggali potensi-potensi yang ada di wilayah tersebut.Kata Kunci : Teknologi, Nisya Batik, Motif Batik.
PENDAMPINGAN DAN PEMBUATAN VIDEO PROFILE UNTUK PROMOSI WISATA DESA CISANTANA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Kusuma Sigit Setya , Hamdani Dadang , Nugraha Dadan , Nurhayati Yati , Ramdhan Resma Fahmi
Published: April 2021

Cisantana Village is located in the Cigugur sub-district, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. Cisantana has abundant natural resources because of its geographical location on the slopes of Mount Ciremai. In addition to agricultural potential, Cisantana is also famous for cattle farming. Cisantana Village is a village that has very potential tourism potential. Village Cisantana is blessed with a lot of charm, a charm that must be explored and visualized through record media so that Cisantana Village has an audio visual or can be called a video profile for tourism appeal to the community or tourists.Desa Cisantana terletak di kecamatan Cigugur, Kabupaten Kuningan, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Cisantana memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah karena letak geografisnya yang berada di lereng gunung Ciremai, Selain potensi pertanian, Cisantana juga terkenal dengan peternakan sapi. Desa Cisantana merupakan desa yang mem-iliki potensi wisata yang sangat potensial. Cisantana desa yang dikarunia banyak pesona, pesona yang harus banyak di eksplorasi dan di visualkan melalui media rekam sehingga Desa Cisantana mempu-nyai sebuah audio visual atau bisa di sebut video profile untuk daya tarik pariwisata terhadap masyarakat atau wisatawan.
KONSELING DALAM WORKSHOP MENJADI IBU BAHAGIA DALAM MENDIDIK ANAK SAAT PANDEMI DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI CIPASUNG, KUNINGAN
Authors: Sari Mia Zultrianti , Hermawati Eli , Lestari Myrna Apriany , Gunawan Agus
Published: April 2021

Learning during the Covid19 pandemic is certainly not a condition commonly experienced by the Indonesian people, including in Kuningan Regency. This unusual condition, of course, triggers several problems faced by the learning implementers. The problems that often occur during this pandemic are not only for teachers and students, but also for parents at home. Learning with the online method and home visit certainly makes the intensity of togetherness between students and parents at home during school hours to be more than before. Parents' unpreparedness in accompanying children to learn is a problem that tends to emerge during the COVID-19 pandemic. The unpreparedness of the parents to accompany the child to study at home certainly makes the mental condition of the parents less healthy and will also affect the mental condition of the child. Children do not find comfort and motivation to learn. Pembelajaran di masa pandemi covid19 tentu bukan kondisi yang biasa dialami oleh masyarkat Indonesia termasuk di Kabupaten Kuningan. Kondisi yang tidak biasa dihadapi tersebut tentu memicu adanya beberapa masalah yang dihadapi oleh pelaksana pembelajaran. Masalah yang banyak terjadi saat pandemi ini bukan hanya dari guru dan siswa, tapi juga terjadi pada orang tua siswa di rumah. Pembelajaran dengan metode daring dan home visit tentu menjadikan intensitas kebersamaan siswa dan orang tua dirumah pada jam sekolah menjadi lebih banyak dibanding sebelumnya. Ketidaksiapan orang tua dalam mendampingi anak belajar merupakan masalah yang cendrung muncul di masa pandemi covid19 ini. Ketidaksiapan orang tua mendampingi anak belajar dirumah tentu membuat kondisi mental orang tua kurang sehat dan akan mempengaruhi juga kepada kondisi mental anak. Anak tidak menemukan kenyaman dan motivasi untuk belajar.
EKSPLORASI NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PETATAH-PETITIH SUNAN GUNUNG JATI
Authors: Nurhabibah Prabawati , Widiawati Hema
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi: (1) nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam petetah-petitih Sunan Gunung Jati; (2) pemanfaatan nilai pendidikan karakter dalam petatah-petitih Sunan Gunug Jati untuk menerbitkan dongeng dan fabel pembentuk karakter positif pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa kumpulan petatah-petitih Sunan Gunung Jati. Terdapat 43 nasihat yang tertulis dalam buku Kesusastraan Cirebon karya Untung Rhardjo. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, peneliti menarik simpulan bahwa (1) semua petatah-petitih Sunan Gunung Jati yang berjumlah 43 memiliki nilai pendidikan karakter yaitu, religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, bersahabat/komunikatif, cinta damai, gemar membaca, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab. (2) Nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam petatah-petitih Sunan Gunung Jati dapat dijadikan sebagai materi dalam buku pengayaan berupa kumpulan fabel sebagai pembentuk karakter positif untuk memperkaya imajinasi dan mengembangkan literasi peserta didik.KATA KUNCI: nilai pendidikan karakter; petatah-petitih. EXPLORATION CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUE IN PETATAH-PETITIH SUNAN GUNUNG JATI ABSTRACT: This research aims to explore: (1) the values of character education contained in the petetahs of Sunan Gunung Jati; (2) utilization of the value of character education in the quotes of Sunan Gunug Jati to publish fairy tales and fables that form positive character in children. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with the data source in the form of a collection of Sunan Gunung Jati slabs. There are 43 pieces of advice written in the book Kesusastraan Cirebon by Untung Rhardjo. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, the researcher concludes that (1) all 43 pieces of Sunan Gunung Jati have character education values, namely, religious, honest, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, spirit of nationality, love of the country, respect for achievement, friendly/ communicative, love peace, love to read, care for the environment, care for social, and responsibility. (2) The values of character education in the quotes of Sunan Gunung Jati can be used as material in an enrichment book in the form of a collection of fables as positive character builders to enrich the imagination and develop literacy of students.KEYWORDS: character education value; petatah-petitih.