bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alexander, his Teacher and his Status of Philosophy in Plutarch of Chaeronea: an Inquiry into the Meaning of a Certain Exchange of Letters
Authors: KOMOROWSKA Joanna
Published: November 2020

The principal focus of the present article is the exchange of letters quoted by Plutarch of Chaeronea, celebrated teacher and Middle-Platonist of the first century CE, in his equally famous bios Alexandrou, a work describing the life and deeds of the great Macedonian as juxtaposed with those of his Roman counterpart, Caesar. My aim is simple enough: to evaluate the function and meaning of said exchange in the framework of the bios, its possible cultural and moral import, and thus, its contribution to the Plutarchean portrayal of Alexander and his attitude toward philosophy. As for the authenticity of the exchange, the issue is of limited relevance in the present essay, since Plutarch very clearly considers the letters in question as authentic – for clarity’s sake, however, one may add that Hadot dismisses them as a Hellenistic apocryph, intended to bolster the standing of Andronicus’ redaction of Aristotelian Metaphysics2. As far the more general issue of Plutarch’s employment of letters in Alexander’s biography is concerned, the Aristotle letter is hardly a unique instance of such an occurrence – much in keeping with his predilection for the anecdotal, Plutarch does occasionally invoke the testimony of correspondence: as private means of communication letters are a valuable testimony to man’s character and customs: thus, in the later parts of the bios, we find quotations (some paraphrased) from Alexander’s correspondence with his mother,Olympias (mentioned in Alex. 39.5) or from letters exchanged between him and various officials: hence, the appearance of the Aristotle letters conforms to the more general Plutarchean usage.
USING AUTHENTIC LEADER DILEMMAS TO TEACH MICROINFLUENCE MAKING
Authors: Tessema Kedir
Published: November 2020

Designing learning experiences that mimic real-life contexts has always been a challenge for leadership educators. As a result, many educators in leadership courses rely on studies of leadership perspectives, selfassessment activities, and textbook case analysis. However, many educators also successfully design microlevel processes and interactions that offer students the opportunity to experience the dynamics of power and influence whereby they practice leadership. Others explore the daunting challenges of placing students in various organizations to practice leadership. This latter type of practicing leadership is often full of challenges because of the reluctance of organizations to allow practicing students in decision making processes. In this paper, I present a two-week teaching segment in which leader dilemmas are used as inputs for practicing leadership in micro-level processes. The segment is designed in such a way that it mimics real life group dynamics, problem solving, and decision dilemmas. The objective is to provide a context wherein students practice micro-influence making as they experience the complexity of group life and, at the same time, learn to reflect on their learning, emotion, and the potential capacity to lead and follow.
LOOKING BACK IN ORDER TO MOVE AHEAD AS A LEADER: A Personal Journey Line Narrative Exercise
Authors: Swain Jordon E. , Bond Andrew L. , Smith Daniel R.
Published: November 2020

This article outlines a personal Journey Line Narrative exercise aimed at enhancing leader authenticity and effectiveness by asking students to “look back” and identify their core values, as well as the formative experiences that helped solidify those values. The Journey Line Narrative encourages reflection and self-awareness by asking students to answer the question “Who am I?”, to articulate this reflection to a mentor, and to distill this reflection into a coherent essay. This exercise can be useful in courses focused on leader development by helping aspiring leaders develop and communicate their authenticity, core values, and purpose
FURTHER EXAMINATION OF YOUTH LEADERSHIP SKILLS PREDICTORS
Authors: Hastings Lindsay J. , McElravy L.J
Published: November 2020

Considering the substantial upcoming transfer of leadership to younger generations, it is critical to study the unique trait, skill, and behavioral associations of youth leaders. The purpose of this two-phase study was to quantitatively examine the relationship between positive psychological capacities (PsyCap), personality, and empathy with leadership skills in youth. Regression results from both phases revealed cognitive empathy and academic PsyCap as significant predictors of youth leadership life skills. These results follow earlier research that identified trait-based emotional intelligence as a significant predictor of leadership skills in youth. The combined results offer important considerations as leadership scholars and practitioners attempt to accurately predict and plan for the leadership transfer landscape over the next two decades. These combined results also serve as helpful considerations for youth leadership practitioners as program outcomes, learning objectives, and activities targeting the development of cognitive empathy and PsyCap will perhaps allow for more productive youth leadership development efforts and better documentation of their impact.
Imagination run riot
Authors: Philp Steph
Published: November 2020

A look at how Steph Philp and Jo Lopes used collaborative and creative thinking to enhance the dental experience – especially for their younger patients
Treatment options for aseptic tibial diaphyseal nonunion: A review of selected studies
Authors: Gálvez-Sirvent Elena , Ibarzábal-Gil Aitor , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos
Published: November 2020

In aseptic tibial diaphyseal nonunions after failed conservative treatment, the recommended treatment is a reamed intramedullary (IM) nail. Typically, when an aseptic tibial nonunion previously treated with an IM nail is found, it is advisable to change the previous IM nail for a larger diameter reamed and locked IM nail (the rate of success of renailing is around 90%). A second change after an IM nail failure is also a good option, especially if bone healing has progressed after the first change. Fibular osteotomy is not routinely advised; it is only recommended when it interferes with the nonunion site. In delayed unions before 24 weeks, IM nail dynamization can be performed as a less invasive option before deciding on a nail change. If there is a bone defect, a bone graft must be recommended, with the gold standard being the autologous iliac crest bone graft (AICBG). A reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) system might also obtain a bone autograft that is comparable to AICBG. Although the size of the bone defect suitable to perform bone transport techniques is a controversial issue, we believe that such techniques can be considered in bone defects > 3 cm. Non-invasive therapies and biologic therapies could be applied in isolation for patients with high surgical risk, or could be used as adjuvants to the aforementioned surgical treatments.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:835-844. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190077
Cemented vs. cementless fixation in primary total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prasad Anoop K. , Tan Jaimee H.S. , Bedair Hany S. , Dawson-Bowling Sebastian , Hanna Sammy A.
Published: November 2020

Over 100,000 total knee replacements (TKRs) are carried out in the UK annually, with cemented fixation accounting for approximately 95% of all primary TKRs. In Australia, 68.1% of all primary TKRs use cemented fixation, and only 10.9% use cementless fixation. However, there has been a renewed interest in cementless fixation as a result of improvements in implant design and manufacturing technology. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of cemented and cementless fixation in primary TKR. Outcome measures included the revision rate and patient-reported functional scores. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from the earliest available date to November 2018 for randomized controlled trials of primary TKAs comparing cemented versus cementless fixation outcomes. Six studies met our inclusion criteria and were analysed. A total of 755 knees were included; 356 knees underwent cemented fixation, 399 underwent cementless fixation. They were followed up for an average of 8.4 years (range: 2.0 to 16.6). This study found no significant difference in revision rates and knee function in cemented versus cementless TKR at up to 16.6-year follow-up.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:793-798. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200030
The management of proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries
Authors: Begum Fahima A. , Kayani Babar , Chang Justin S. , Tansey Rosamond J. , Haddad Fares S.
Published: November 2020

Injuries to the quadriceps muscle group are commonly seen in sporting activities that involve repetitive kicking and high-speed sprinting, including football (soccer), rugby and athletics. The proximal rectus femoris is prone to avulsion injuries as rapid eccentric muscle contraction leads to asynchronous muscle activation and different force vectors through the straight and reflected heads. Risk factors for injury include previous rectus femoris muscle or hamstring injury, reduced flexibility of the quadriceps complex, injury to the dominant leg, and dry field playing conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality as it enables the site of injury to be accurately located, concurrent injuries to be identified, preoperative grading of the injury, and aids surgical planning. Non-operative management is associated with highly variable periods of convalescence, poor return to preinjury level of function and high risk of injury recurrence. Operative treatment of proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries with surgical repair or surgical tenodesis enables return to preinjury level of sporting activity and high functional outcomes. Surgical tenodesis of proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries may offer an avenue for further reducing recurrence rates compared to direct suture anchor repair of these injuries.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:828-834. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200055
Color reproduction method based on neural networks and visual matching
Authors: Bai Xueqiong , Liao Ningfang , Wu Wenmin , Song Weitao
Published: November 2020

A new method is proposed to build up a color reproduction model based on neural networks and visual matching. Training data were obtained from a visual matching experiment and the commonly used CIECAM02 model to set up a link between the device parameters and human color perception. The process of training neural networks is presented. An experiment simulating an office environment was conducted, together with a user study, to verify the performance of the proposed method in identifying and reproducing color.
Optical transport of sub-micron lipid vesicles along a nanofiber
Authors: Yoshino Takaaki , Yamaura Daichi , Komiya Maki , Sugawara Masakazu , Mitsumori Yasuyoshi , Niwano Michio , Hirano-Iwata Ayumi , Edamatsu Keiichi , Sadgrove Mark
Published: November 2020

Enhanced manipulation and analysis of bio-particles using light confined in nano-scale dielectric structures has proceeded apace in the last several years. Small mode volumes, along with the lack of a need for bulky optical elements give advantages in sensitivity and scalability relative to conventional optical manipulation. However, manipulation of lipid vesicles (liposomes) remains difficult, particularly in the sub-micron diameter regime. Here we demonstrate the optical trapping and transport of sub-micron diameter liposomes along an optical nanofiber using the nanofiber mode’s evanescent field. We find that nanofiber diameters below a nominal diffraction limit give optimal results. Our results pave the way for integrated optical transport and analysis of liposome-like bio-particles, as well as their coupling to nano-optical resonators.
Optical vortex beams with controllable orbital angular momentum using an optical phased array
Authors: Gozzard David R. , Spollard James T. , Sibley Paul G. , Roberts Lyle E. , Shaddock Daniel A.
Published: November 2020

Laser beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) have applications ranging from optical communications to quantum optics. However, the generation of OAM beams, particularly with variable OAM order, remains a challenge. We demonstrate, for the first time, the generation of OAM beams with variable OAM order using an optical phased array (OPA). OPAs are a multi-emitter solid-state device able to manipulate the distribution of optical power in the far field by controlling the relative phase of individual emitters. By applying an azimuthal phase offset to a hexagonal arrangement of laser emitters, we are able to generate OAM beams and change the OAM order easily and rapidly. This method is scalable to hundreds of emitters and GHz rate phase modulation.
Nucleotide de novo synthesis increases breast cancer stemness and metastasis via cGMP-PKG-MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Yajing , Wang Xiaoshuang , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Guangwei , Bai Yuting , Wu Jiayi , Piao Yongjun , Shi Yi , Xiang Rong , Wang Longlong
Published: November 2020

Metabolic reprogramming to fulfill the biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands of cancer cells has aroused great interest in recent years. However, metabolic reprogramming for cancer metastasis has not been well elucidated. Here, we screened a subpopulation of breast cancer cells with highly metastatic capacity to the lung in mice and investigated the metabolic alternations by analyzing the metabolome and the transcriptome, which were confirmed in breast cancer cells, mouse models, and patients’ tissues. The effects and the mechanisms of nucleotide de novo synthesis in cancer metastasis were further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In our study, we report an increased nucleotide de novo synthesis as a key metabolic hallmark in metastatic breast cancer cells and revealed that enforced nucleotide de novo synthesis was enough to drive the metastasis of breast cancer cells. An increased key metabolite of de novo synthesis, guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP), is able to generate more cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to activate cGMP-dependent protein kinases PKG and downstream MAPK pathway, resulting in the increased tumor cell stemness and metastasis. Blocking de novo synthesis by silencing phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 2 (PRPS2) can effectively decrease the stemness of breast cancer cells and reduce the lung metastasis. More interestingly, in breast cancer patients, the level of plasma uric acid (UA), a downstream metabolite of purine, is tightly correlated with patient’s survival. Our study uncovered that increased de novo synthesis is a metabolic hallmark of metastatic breast cancer cells and its metabolites can regulate the signaling pathway to promote the stemness and metastasis of breast cancer.
The Arf-GEF Steppke promotes F-actin accumulation, cell protrusions and tissue sealing during Drosophila dorsal closure
Authors: West Junior J. , Harris Tony J. C.
Published: November 2020

Cytohesin Arf-GEFs promote actin polymerization and protrusions of cultured cells, whereas the Drosophila cytohesin, Steppke, antagonizes actomyosin networks in several developmental contexts. To reconcile these findings, we analyzed epidermal leading edge actin networks during Drosophila embryo dorsal closure. Here, Steppke is required for F-actin of the actomyosin cable and for actin-based protrusions. steppke mutant defects in the leading edge actin networks are associated with improper sealing of the dorsal midline, but are distinguishable from effects of myosin mis-regulation. Steppke localizes to leading edge cell-cell junctions with accumulations of the F-actin regulator Enabled emanating from either side. Enabled requires Steppke for full leading edge recruitment, and genetic interaction shows the proteins cooperate for dorsal closure. Inversely, Steppke over-expression induces ectopic, actin-rich, lamellar cell protrusions, an effect dependent on the Arf-GEF activity and PH domain of Steppke, but independent of Steppke recruitment to myosin-rich AJs via its coiled-coil domain. Thus, Steppke promotes actin polymerization and cell protrusions, effects that occur in conjunction with Steppke’s previously reported regulation of myosin contractility during dorsal closure.
Survival following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in North Queensland is not associated with remoteness of place of residence
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Drovandi Aaron , Velu Ramesh , Quigley Frank , Moxon Joseph
Published: November 2020

Objective

To assess whether survival and clinical events following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair were associated with remoteness of residence in North Queensland, Australia.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included participants undergoing elective AAA repair between February 2002 and April 2020 at two hospitals in Townsville, North Queensland, Australia. Outcomes were all-cause survival and AAA-related events, defined as requirement for repeat AAA repair or AAA-related mortality. Remoteness of participant’s place of residence was assessed by the Modified Monash Model classifications and estimated distance from the participants’ home to the tertiary vascular centre. Cox proportional hazard analysis examined the association of remoteness with outcome.

Results

The study included 526 participants undergoing elective repair by open (n = 204) or endovascular (n = 322) surgery. Fifty-four (10.2%) participants had a place of residence at a remote or very remote location. Participants' were followed for a median of 5.2 (inter-quartile range 2.5–8.3) years, during which time there were 252 (47.9%) deaths. Survival was not associated with either measure of remoteness. Fifty (9.5%) participants had at least one AAA-related event, including 30 (5.7%) that underwent at least one repeat AAA surgery and 23 (4.4%) that had AAA-related mortality. AAA-related events were more common in participants resident in the most remote areas (adjusted hazard ratio 2.83, 95% confidence intervals 1.40, 5.70) but not associated with distance from the participants’ residence to the tertiary vascular centre

Conclusions

The current study found that participants living in more remote locations were more likely to have AAA-related events but had no increased mortality following AAA surgery. The findings emphasize the need for careful follow-up after AAA surgery. Further studies are needed to examine the generalisability of the findings.
The human health burden of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne gastroenteritis in Shanghai, east China
Authors: Chen Yan , Liu Hong , Chen Min , Sun He-Yang , Wu Yong-Ning
Published: November 2020

Information on the burden of disease due to foodborne pathogens in China is quite limited. To understand the incidence of foodborne gastroenteritis due to non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, population survey and sentinel hospital surveillance were conducted during July 2010 to June 2011 in Shanghai, east China, and a model for calculating disease burden was established. The multiplier for gastroenteritis caused by these pathogens was estimated at 59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 30–102]. Annual incidence per 100,000 population in Shanghai was estimated as 48 (95% CI 24–83) and 183 (95% CI 93–317) cases for foodborne non-typhoidal salmonellosis and V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis, respectively, illustrating that bacterial gastroenteritis due to these two pathogens poses a substantial health burden. There is a significant difference between our simulated incidence and the data actually reported for foodborne diseases, indicating significant underreporting and underdiagnosis of non-typhoidal S. enterica and V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in the surveillance area. The present research demonstrates basic situation of the health burden caused by major foodborne pathogens in the surveillance area. Enhanced laboratory-based sentinel hospital surveillance is one of the effective ways to monitor food safety in east China.
Identification of potential target genes and crucial pathways in small cell lung cancer based on bioinformatic strategy and human samples
Authors: Chen Xiuwen , Wang Li , Su Xiaomin , Luo Sen-yuan , Tang Xianbin , Huang Yugang
Published: November 2020

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a carcinoma of the lungs with strong invasion, poor prognosis and resistant to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. It has posed severe challenges for the effective treatment of lung cancer. Therefore, searching for genes related to the development and prognosis of SCLC and uncovering their underlying molecular mechanisms are urgent problems to be resolved. This study is aimed at exploring the potential pathogenic and prognostic crucial genes and key pathways of SCLC via bioinformatic analysis of public datasets. Firstly, 117 SCLC samples and 51 normal lung samples were collected and analyzed from three gene expression datasets. Then, 102 up-regulated and 106 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed. And then, functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyzes of DEGs was performed utilizing the FunRich. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed through the STRING website, visualized by Cytoscape. Finally, the expression levels of eight hub genes were confirmed in Oncomine database and human samples from SCLC patients. It showed that CDC20, BUB1, TOP2A, RRM2, CCNA2, UBE2C, MAD2L1, and BUB1B were upregulated in SCLC tissues compared to paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues. These suggested that eight hub genes might be viewed as new biomarkers for prognosis of SCLC or to guide individualized medication for the therapy of SCLC.
Expression profiles of E/P receptors and fibrosis in GnRHa-treated and -untreated women with different uterine leiomyomas
Authors: Khan Khaleque N. , Fujishita Akira , Koshiba Akemi , Ogawa Kanae , Mori Taisuke , Ogi Hiroshi , Itoh Kyoko , Teramukai Satoshi , Kitawaki Jo
Published: November 2020

Differential expressions of estrogen/progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and individual component of extracellular matrices derived from fibroid are reported. Information on the pattern of change in ER/PR expression and amount of tissue fibrosis after hormonal treatment is unclear. We investigated pattern of change in ER/PR expression and percentage of tissue fibrosis in different uterine leiomyomas after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment. Biopsy specimens from fibroids and adjacent myometria were collected after surgery from women with submucosal myoma (SMM, n = 18), intramural myoma (IMM, n = 16) and subserosal myoma (SSM, n = 17). A proportion of women in each group of fibroid underwent treatment with GnRHa for a variable period of 3–6 months. Tissue expression of ER and PR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In vitro cell proliferation effect of GnRHa on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined. Distribution of tissue fibrosis was examined by Masson’s trichrome staining with computer-captured image analysis of fibrosis derived from different types of fibroid. PR content was significantly higher than ER in tissues derived from GnRHa-untreated women with SMM and SSM (p = 0.04 for both). Comparing to untreated group, GnRHa-treatment significantly decreased either ER or PR expression in different fibroids. Exogenous treatment with GnRHa dose-dependently decreased proliferation of HUVECs. No significant difference was observed in the percentage of fibrosis in tissues collected from GnRHa-treated and -untreated women with fibroids. The distribution of fibrosis in myoma/myometria and occurrence of fibrosis in perivascular area showed an increasing trend with higher age of the women and with larger size of fibroids. Our findings suggest that despite estrogen dependency, higher PR content in GnRHa-untreated group may indicate a potential role of progesterone in leiomyoma growth. Although GnRHa therapy may shrink fibroids and reduce risk of bleeding during surgery, the occurrence of diffuse tissue fibrosis may impair effective reduction of fibroid size after hormonal treatment.
Sexual orientation predicts men’s preferences for sexually dimorphic face-shape characteristics: A replication study
Authors: Shiramizu Victor , Docherty Ciaran , DeBruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C.
Published: November 2020

Many researchers have proposed that straight men prefer women’s faces displaying feminine shape characteristics at least partly because mating with such women will produce healthier offspring. Although a prediction of thisadaptation-for-mate-choicehypothesis is that straight men will show stronger preferences for feminized versus masculinized versions of women’s faces than will gay men, only one previous study has directly tested this prediction. Here we directly replicated that study by comparing 623 gay and 3163 straight men’s preferences for feminized versus masculinized versions of faces. Consistent with the adaptation-for-mate-choice hypothesis of straight men’s femininity preferences, we found that straight men showed significantly stronger preferences for feminized female faces than did gay men. Consistent with previous research suggesting that gay men place a premium on masculinity in potential romantic partners, we also found that gay men showed significantly stronger preferences for masculinized versions of male faces than did straight men. Together, these findings indicate the sexual orientation contributes to individual differences in men’s face preferences.
Publication rates from biomedical and behavioral and social science R01s funded by the National Institutes of Health
Authors: Riley William T. , Bibb Katrina , Hargrave Sara , Fearon Paula
Published: November 2020

Prior research has shown a serious lack of research transparency resulting from the failure to publish study results in a timely manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has increased its use of publication rate and time to publication as metrics for grant productivity. In this study, we analyze the publications associated with all R01 and U01 grants funded from 2008 through 2014, providing sufficient time for these grants to publish their findings, and identify predictors of time to publication based on a number of variables, including if a grant was coded as a behavioral and social sciences research (BSSR) grant or not. Overall, 2.4% of the 27,016 R01 and U01 grants did not have a publication associated with the grant within 60 months of the project start date, and this rate of zero publications was higher for BSSR grants (4.6%) than for non-BSSR grants (1.9%). Mean time in months to first publication was 15.2 months, longer for BSSR grants (22.4 months) than non-BSSR grants (13.6 months). Survival curves showed a more rapid reduction of risk to publish from non-BSSR vs BSSR grants. Cox regression models showed that human research (vs. animal, neither, or both) and clinical trials research (vs. not) are the strongest predictors of time to publication and failure to publish, but even after accounting for these and other predictors, BSSR grants continued to show longer times to first publication and greater risk of no publications than non-BSSR grants. These findings indicate that even with liberal criteria for publication (any publication associated with a grant), a small percentage of R01 and U01 grantees fail to publish in a timely manner, and that a number of factors, including human research, clinical trial research, child research, not being an early stage investigator, and conducting behavioral and social sciences research increase the risk of time to first publication.
Exploring the associations between narcissism, intentions towards infidelity, and relationship satisfaction: Attachment styles as a moderator
Authors: Altınok Ahmet , Kılıç Nurseven
Published: November 2020

The ultimate goal of this research was twofold: (1) to investigate the associations between narcissism, intentions towards infidelity, and relationship satisfaction; and (2) to explore the moderating effect of attachment styles on the link between intentions towards infidelity and narcissism. The findings revealed that the link between narcissism and relationship satisfaction is fully mediated by intentions towards infidelity. Similarly, the full mediating effect of relationship satisfaction exists in the association between narcissism and intentions towards infidelity. Mediational analyses further revealed that narcissism is a predictor of intentions towards infidelity, and this link is moderated by preoccupied, fearful, and dismissive attachment styles. As the results indicate, narcissism plays a significant role in young adults’ intimate relationships, and attachment styles have a moderating role in narcissism’s effect on romantic relationships. Results and implications are discussed in light of the relevant research findings.
Heat and dehydration induced oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses following incubator heat stress and a simulated heat wave in wild caught four-striped field mice Rhabdomys dilectus
Authors: Jacobs Paul J. , Oosthuizen M. K. , Mitchell C. , Blount Jonathan D. , Bennett Nigel C.
Published: November 2020

Heat waves are known for their disastrous mass die-off effects due to dehydration and cell damage, but little is known about the non-lethal consequences of surviving severe heat exposure. Severe heat exposure can cause oxidative stress which can have negative consequences on animal cognition, reproduction and life expectancy. We investigated the current oxidative stress experienced by a mesic mouse species, the four striped field mouse,Rhabdomys dilectusthrough a heat wave simulation withad libwater and a more severe temperature exposure with minimal water. Wild four striped field mice were caught between 2017 and 2019. We predicted that wild four striped field mice in the heat wave simulation would show less susceptibility to oxidative stress as compared to a more severe heat stress which is likely to occur in the future. Oxidative stress was determined in the liver, kidney and brain using malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) as markers for oxidative damage, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as markers of antioxidant defense. Incubator heat stress was brought about by increasing the body temperatures of animals to 39–40.8°C for 6 hours. A heat wave (one hot day, followed by a 3-day heatwave) was simulated by using temperature cycle that wild four striped field mice would experience in their local habitat (determined through weather station data using temperature and humidity), with maximal ambient temperature of 39°C. The liver and kidney demonstrated no changes in the simulated heat wave, but the liver had significantly higher SOD activity and the kidney had significantly higher lipid peroxidation in the incubator experiment. Dehydration significantly contributed to the increase of these markers, as is evident from the decrease in body mass after the experiment. The brain only showed significantly higher lipid peroxidation following the simulated heat wave with no significant changes following the incubator experiment. The significant increase in lipid peroxidation was not correlated to body mass after the experiment. The magnitude and duration of heat stress, in conjunction with dehydration, played a critical role in the oxidative stress experienced by each tissue, with the results demonstrating the importance of measuring multiple tissues to determine the physiological state of an animal. Current heat waves in this species have the potential of causing oxidative stress in the brain with future heat waves to possibly stress the kidney and liver depending on the hydration state of animals.
The relationship between sleep habits, lifestyle factors, and achieving guideline-recommended physical activity levels in ten-to-fourteen-year-old Japanese children: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aoki Takumi , Fukuda Kazuhiko , Tanaka Chiaki , Kamikawa Yasuko , Tsuji Nobuhiro , Kasanami Ryoji , Hara Taketaka , Miyazaki Ryo , Tanaka Hideki , Asai Hidenori , Yamamoto Naofumi , Oishi Kan , Ishii Kojiro
Published: November 2020

The current focus of meeting the physical activity guidelines for children and young people include preventing conditions such as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, low bone density, depression, and injuries. However, the relationship between sleep habits and meeting physical activity guidelines is still unclear. This study aimed to assess this relationship among fifth- to eighth-grade (ages 10–14) Japanese children. This cross-sectional study included 3,123 children (boys: 1,558, girls: 1,565, mean age: 12.5 ± 1.2 years). Questionnaires were used to assess parameters such as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, school and weekend night sleep durations, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, napping, screen time, and breakfast intake. Participants were divided into an achievement and a non-achievement group depending on their physical activity guideline achievement status (i.e., whether they met the children’s physical activity guideline of 60 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day). Then, to determine the sleep habits in relation to the children’s achievement of guideline-recommended physical activity levels, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. In fifth- and sixth-grade (ages 10–12) boys, an inverse association was observed between physical activity guideline achievement and daytime sleepiness. In seventh- and eighth-grade (ages 12–14) boys, physical activity guideline achievement was inversely associated with social jetlag and skipping breakfast. Additionally, in seventh- and eighth-grade girls, physical activity guideline achievement was inversely associated with inappropriate sleep duration on weekends and screen time. These results suggest that meeting the physical activity guideline is related to favorable sleep habits in Japanese children. However, their relevance may differ by school type and gender.
Beyond the time of the right care: A letter to the performance artist
Authors: Kunst Bojana
Published: November 2020

The text addresses the performance artists with a special care for them and, even more so, caring with them in these peculiar COVID times when performance halls are empty. Bojana Kunst asks them how they imagine the time beyond as experts on micro-relations.
Shifting perspectives in La Vis
Authors: Gelly Christophe
Published: November 2020

This short film, obviously inspired by expressionism, conveys Monsieur K’s subjectivity through POV shots but also uses distorted and reverse angles. This article examines the function of such shifting perspectives as the expression of a gradual destabilization of POV and a sometimes ironical reference to spectators’ reception.
The power of language
Authors: Lefebvre-Linetzky Jacques
Published: November 2020

The language spoken in La Vis is a constructed language. It is both recognizable and unrecognizable; it gives credibility to the characters and to the whole décor. Reality is elusive and yet believable. Perceived as a multilayered language, it is reduced to one single word in the final sequence.
Un fondo documental en España sobre los Meneses de Portugal
Authors: Sánchez-González Antonio
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un fondo documental existente en España, la sección “Camiña” del Archivo Ducal de Medinaceli, con un buen número de documentos sobre la familia Meneses de Portugal, condes y marqueses de Vila Real y capitanes generales de Ceuta. Estos Meneses adquirieron con el tiempo un importante patrimonio señorial en el reino portugués, pero en el siglo XVII, con la entronización de la Casa de Bragança, su lealtad a la monarquía española de la dinastía Filipina de la Casa de Habsburgo les acarrearía un duro castigo. Sus títulos, sin embargo, fueron castellanizados por el rey de España en la única superviviente de la estirpe como premio a esa fidelidad.
Extraction and Ameliorative Effect of Camellia sinensis against toxicity induced by nickel nanoparticles in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Gul khan Samreen , Farman Muhammad , Hayat Umar , Usman Ali , irfan Muhammad , Ameeq Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Camellia sinensis is extensively cultivated in most regions of the world. Camellia sinensis is known to have several pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemia, hypocholestrolemia, antioxidant, laxation, fungicide and appetite stimulation. Extraction of Camellia sinensis was done in Analytical lab of GC University Faisalabad. After extraction the extract were subjected to phytochemical analysis.
The Effect of Financial Sector Development on Economic Growth of Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Bekele Dagim Tadesse , Degu Adisu Abebaw
Published: November 2020

Finance-growth nexus is among the main debatable issue in economics and policymaking. So, this research tried to look at the effect of financial sector development on the economic growth of 25 sub-Saharan Africa countries by using panel data for time 2010-2017. Precisely, three dynamic panel data models which look the effect of financial sector depth, access and efficiency on economic growth were estimated by two-step system GMM estimation. In this research, credit extended to the private sector per GDP, commercial bank branch per 100,000 adult population, and Return to assets were used as a proxy for financial sector depth, access, and efficiency, respectively. Accordingly, the results revealed financial sector depth, access, and efficiency have a positive and statistically significant effect on the economic growth of these countries.  It is therefore recommended for the concerned bodies that broadening the depth of financial institutions by giving more credit for the private sector is essential. Besides, the financial institutions will have to be expanded to increase their accessibility to the mass and have to take some measures which promote their efficiency.
Os líderes de opinião, a checagem de fatos e a Ortodontia
Authors: Almeida Marcio
Published: November 2020

Em um mundo que foi acometido por uma das piores pandemias jamais vistas antes, a de Covid- 19, sobram interrogações a despeito dos seus desdobramentos, tanto em âmbito político, quanto econômico e social. O mundo experimenta, nesse momento, pelo menos ao nível político, um embate dicotômico entre a população e os seus líderes. O lockdown (protocolo de confinamento/isola- Os líderes de opinião, a checagem de fatos e a Ortodontia mento) instituído em alguns lugares do mundo parece não ter funcionado como deveria, no afã de prover o controle da disseminação do coro- navírus. Nossos líderes parecem se ausentar de seu papel de governar, e transferem para nós, cidadãos, a responsabilidade por nossa própria vida — o famoso “salve-se quem puder”.
Por onde começar um planejamento estético do sorriso?
Authors: Machado André Wilson
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora existam inúmeras publicações sobre estética do sorriso, a realização dos planejamentos estéticos de forma simples e sistemática, ainda é um desafio. OBJETIVO: Apresentar um passo a passo sobre como começar um planeja- mento estético do sorriso e responder aos seguintes questionamentos: Por onde começar um planejamento estético do sorriso? Qual recurso pode ajudar na visualização dos problemas para elaborar o plano de tratamento e auxiliar na comunicação? RESULTADOS: O método apresentado foi empregado em dois casos clínicos que obtiveram ótimos resultados oclusais e estéticos. CONCLUSÃO: O método apresentado facilita a visualização dos problemas estéticos do sorriso; torna o planejamento estético do sorriso um procedimento simples e sistemático e, por fim, otimiza a comunicação com a equipe multidisciplinar e pacientes.
A lógica por trás da mecânica Tandem no alinhamento
Authors: Martins Renato Parsekian
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A mecânica Tandem pode ser utilizada na Ortodontia para se obter alinhamento dos dentes sem sobrecarregar os braquetes e sua adesão. OBJETIVO: Descrever e explicar as vantagens de se aplicar a mecânica Tandem. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização de dois arcos de NiTi em Tandem pode trazer economias para o consultório, devido ao menor inventário, e também tratar os pacientes de braquetes autoligáveis sem sobrecarregar as portas ou a adesão dos braquetes.
MARPE Guide: da consolidação à evolução da técnica
Authors: André Cristiane B
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A Ortodontia digital trouxe muitos benefícios e alguns novos desafios. Um exemplo disso é o MARPE Guide, que tem vários pontos positivos já estabelecidos e alguns outros que necessitam ser evoluídos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta coluna é apresentar a evolução do MARPE Guide e os cuidados para se obter o máximo de precisão nos procedimentos que envolvem essa técnica. DESCRIÇÃO: Para realização do MARPE Guide, é necessário fazer a sobreposição do arquivo da tomografia com o arquivo obtido no escaneamento intraoral, para permitir a instalação virtual (dos mini-implantes e do torno do MARPE). A partir dessa instalação, realiza-se um guia (digital) que envolve a base do complexo MARPE e, dessa maneira, reproduz a instalação feita digitalmente. Em seguida, esse guia é impresso, possibilitando a confecção do aparelho. O novo MARPE Guide foi idealizado com o objetivo de reproduzir, também, o afasta- mento, preconizado na técnica, de 0,5mm da mucosa, de acordo com a anatomia de cada paciente. Esse afastamento é possível quando se utiliza o modelo EX. É possível padronizar a posição da base do MARPE em cada um dos lados (pés), sendo indicado para casos complexos como sutura sinuosa, desvio de septo e palato assimétrico. RESULTADOS: O novo MARPE Guide fica anexo ao modelo, economizando uma impressão, diminuindo as chances de erro. Além disso, permite a individualização das bases e do torno, dando segurança e maior previsibilidade aos casos. CONCLUSÃO: O novo design do Guide tem menor custo, facilita a execução por parte do técnico, e proporciona menores chances de erros entre o digital e a transposição para o real.
Dentes supranumerários tardios: algo a mais na nossa lista de problemas
Authors: Conte Ana Lurdes , Nunes Taila Quatrin , Batassini Cleber , Gevaerd Roberta , Poletto Cesar Augusto Rodenbusch
Published: November 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: As anomalias dentárias são um desafio a ser administrado pelos ortodontistas em um grande número de pacientes. Os dentes supranumerários correspondem a 8-9% das anomalias, e não parecem estar associados a outras alterações de forma, estrutura, tamanho ou posição. São de etiologia genético-ambiental ou causados por hiperatividade da lâmina dentária, geralmente de manifestação única e, quando múltiplos, estão comumente relacionados à disostose cleidocraniana, síndrome de Gardner ou fissuras labiopalatinas. Muitos pré-molares supranumerários têm formação tardia, aproximada- mente 7 a 11 anos após a formação da série numerária, o que coincide com o momento do tratamento ortodôntico para alguns pacientes, com a possibilidade de formação recorrente, razão pela qual é sugerido o monitoramento radiográfico durante e após a Ortodontia. A presença de supranumerários pode dificultar a mecânica ortodôntica, provocar reabsorção das raízes dos dentes vizinhos e causar diastemas, mas a degeneração cística é relativamente rara. OBJETIVOS: Revisar a literatura sobre etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento de supranumerários com formação tardia, ilustrando com três casos clínicos. CONCLUSÃO: Não há um consenso em relação ao melhor momento de intervenção. A decisão entre a remoção cirúrgica ou o acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico deve ser tomada individualmente, levando em conta a possibilidade de intercorrência cirúrgica e a real necessidade de exodontia.
A eficácia da prescrição de braquetes biofuncionais no tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão de Classe III esquelética
Authors: Andrade Júnior Pedro , Souza José Eduardo Prado de , Freire Sara Azevedo , Araújo Carlos Vinicius da Silva , Vedovello Filho Mario , Menezes Carolina Carmo de , Valdrighi Heloísa Cristina , Vedovello Silvia Amélia Scudeler
Published: November 2020

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as alterações cefalométricas associadas ao tratamento ortodôntico compensatório da má oclusão esquelética de Classe III. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico retrospectivo realizado com 72 cefalogramas de 36 pacientes com má oclusão de Classe III esquelética e idade média de 22,9 anos (desvio-padrão 1,57 anos). O estudo incluiu pacientes com sobressaliência negativa, ângulo ANB < 0° e Wits < -1 mm. Todos os pacientes foram tratados com braquetes biofuncionais de Classe III, com torque modificado programado nos incisivos superiores (central e lateral: 0°) e inferiores (central e lateral: + 10°). As mudanças no tratamento foram comparadas com os testes t e de Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Aumento estatisticamente significativo foi observado nas seguintes medidas: SNA, A-Nperp, ANB, NAP, Wits, AFAI, 1.SN e trespasse horizontal (p <0,05). Apenas a medida 1-AP representou redução significativa (p <0,05). Na avaliação dos tecidos moles, aumento estatisticamente significativo foi observado na medida Ls-linha E, e uma redução estatisticamente significativa, na medida Li-Line E e ângulo ANL (p <0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento compensatório da má oclusão de Classe III esquelética com modificação do torque dos incisivos superiores e inferiores mostrou alterações esqueléticas e de tecidos moles, bem como um impacto positivo na compensação dos incisivos no contexto do tratamento não-cirúrgico.
Predictors of advanced colorectal neoplasia in colorectal cancer screening – interim results of multicentric prospective study
Authors: Grega Tomáš , Vojtěchová Gabriela , Voška Michal , Májek Ondřej , Zavoral Miroslav , Suchánek Štěpán , Ambrožová Monika , Jirkovská Jarmila
Published: November 2020

ntroduction: The incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in the screening population shows great diversity with a prevalence of 3–12 %. Due to the uneven distribution in the population, potential risk factors that would allow the stratification of individuals according to the degree of risk of colorectal neoplasia are searched. Aim: To determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in the screening population. Methods: Asymptomatic individuals aged 45–75 years who underwent preventive colonoscopy in 2012–2016 in a multicenter prospective study monitoring metabolic risk factors for CRC (MRF CRC study) were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the risk factors with the occurrence of advanced colorectal neoplasia. Results: There were 1,108 men (56.3%) and 859 women (43.7%) in the group; the average age of the individuals was 60 years. The majority of subjects were referred for primary screening colonoscopy (1,174 subjects; 59.7%) and 793 subjects (40.3%) underwent FOBT positive colonoscopy. The total number of advanced colorectal neoplasms in the cohort was 11,8% (233 individuals). The independent risk factors significantly associated with advanced colorectal neoplasia included age (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.001), smoking (p < 0.001), serum concentrations of triglycerides (p = 0.029; especially concentrations > 2 mmol/l) and low vitamin D (p = 0.033). These are preliminary results which will be specified in the following more detailed data analysis using logistic regression. Conclusion: The strongest risk factors associated with advanced colorectal neoplasia were age, gender and smoking. In addition to these factors, serum triglyceride levels and low vitamin D were significantly associated with advanced colorectal neoplasia. In the individuals with a higher incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia according to the given factors, primary screening colonoscopy should be considered.