bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time fractional model of electro-osmotic Brinkman-type nanofluid with heat generation and chemical reaction effects: application in cleansing of contaminated water
Authors: Alrabaiah Hussam , Bilal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Altaf , Muhammad Taseer , Legas Endris Yimer
Published: December 2021

Drilling fluids execute a dominant role in the extraction of oil and gas from the land and rocks. To enhance the efficiency of drilling fluid, clay nanoparticulate has been utilized. The inclusion of clay nanomaterial to drilling fluids significantly elevate their viscosity and thermal conductivity. Therefore, the present investigation is focused on the analysis of time-fractional free convective electro-osmotic flow of Brinkman-type drilling nanofluid with clay nanoparticles. The heat generation and chemical reaction characteristics and influence of the transverse magnetic field have also been taken into an account. The local mathematical model is formulated in terms of coupled PDEs along with appropriate physical conditions. The dimensional governing equations have been non-dimensionalized by using relative similarity variables to encounter the units and reduce the variables. Further, the non-dimensional local model has been artificially converted to a generalized model by utilizing the definition of time-fractional Caputo–Fabrizio derivative with the exponential kernel. The graphical results are analyzed via computational software Mathematica, to study the flow behavior against inserted parameters. From graphical analysis it has been observed qualitatively that the velocity field has been raised against the greater magnitude of electro-osmosis parameter $$Es$$

Es

. Numerical table for Nusselt number is calculated from the obtained exact solutions. From the analysis 11.83% elevation in the rate of energy transition of drilling nanofluid has been reported in response of clay nanoparticles.
Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ferrer Maria D. , Barrueco Álvaro Sánchez , Martinez-Beneyto Yolanda , Mateos-Moreno María V. , Ausina-Márquez Verónica , García-Vázquez Elisa , Puche-Torres Miguel , Giner Maria J. Forner , González Alfonso Campos , Coello Jessica M. Santillán , Rueda Ignacio Alcalá , Aubá José M. Villacampa , Español Carlos Cenjor , Velasco Ana López , Abad Diego Santolaya , García-Esteban Sandra , Artacho Alejandro , López-Labrador Xavier , Mira Alex
Published: December 2021

Most public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic are based on preventing the pathogen spread, and the use of oral antiseptics has been proposed as a strategy to reduce transmission risk. The aim of this manuscript is to test the efficacy of mouthwashes to reduce salivary viral load in vivo. This is a multi-centre, blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial that tests the effect of four mouthwashes (cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide) in SARS-CoV-2 salivary load measured by qPCR at baseline and 30, 60 and 120 min after the mouthrinse. A fifth group of patients used distilled water mouthrinse as a control. Eighty-four participants were recruited and divided into 12–15 per group. There were no statistically significant changes in salivary viral load after the use of the different mouthwashes. Although oral antiseptics have shown virucidal effects in vitro, our data show that salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients was not affected by the tested treatments. This could reflect that those mouthwashes are not effective in vivo, or that viral particles are not infective but viral RNA is still detected by PCR. Viral infectivity studies after the use of mouthwashes are therefore required. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04707742; Identifier: NCT04707742)
Coping strategies patterns to buffer the psychological impact of the State of Emergency in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic’s early months
Authors: Muñoz-Violant Sarah , Violant-Holz Verónica , Gallego-Jiménez M. Gloria , Anguera M. Teresa , Rodríguez Manuel J.
Published: December 2021

Coping style represents the cognitive and behavioral patterns to manage particular demands appraised as taxing the resources of individuals. Studies report associations between certain coping styles and levels of adjustment of anxious symptomatology and emotional distress. The main objective of this study was to analyze behavioral co-occurrent patterns and relationships in the coping strategies used to deal with psychological distress displayed by the Spanish adult population during the first State of Emergency and lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study that uses selective methodology complemented with an indirect observational methodology, with a nomothetic/punctual/unidimensional design. We collected 996 surveys from 19 out of the 22 autonomous regions in Spain. We focused the analysis on sociodemographic variables, cumulative incidence of the COVID-19 disease and psychological distress variables. We performed two different inferential analyses: Lag sequential analysis to define the participant coping patterns, and polar coordinate analysis to study the interrelationship of the focal behavior with conditioned behaviors. We found behavioral co-occurrent patterns of coping strategies with problem avoidance being found as the coping strategy most frequently engaged by participants. Interestingly, the problem avoidance strategy was not associated with lower anxious symptomatology. By contrast, emotion-focused strategies such as express emotions and social support were associated with higher anxious symptomatology. Our findings underscore the importance of furthering our understanding of coping as a way to aid psychological distress during global public health emergencies.
How a school holiday led to persistent COVID-19 outbreaks in Europe
Authors: Arnarson Björn Thor
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the role of large outbreaks on the persistence of Covid-19 over time. Using data from 650 European regions in 14 countries, I first show that winter school holidays in late February/early March 2020 (weeks 8, 9 and 10) led to large regional outbreaks of Covid-19 in the spring with the spread being 60% and up-to over 90% higher compared to regions with earlier school holidays. While the impact of these initial large outbreaks fades away over the summer months, it systematically reappears from the fall as regions with school holidays in weeks 8, 9 and 10 had 30–70% higher spread. This suggests that following a large outbreak, there is a strong element of underlying (latent) regional persistence of Covid-19. The strong degree of persistence highlights the long-term benefits of effective (initial) containment policies, as once a large outbreak has occurred, Covid-19 persists. This result emphasizes the need for vaccinations against Covid-19 in regions that have recently experienced large outbreaks but are well below herd-immunity, to avoid a new surge of cases.
Sequential injection method for bi-parametric determination of iron and manganese in soil leachates
Authors: Mesquita Raquel B. R. , Moniz Tânia , Nunes Maria J. M. , Mesquita Letícia S. , Rangel Maria , Rangel António O. S. S.
Published: December 2021

Sequential injection method for bi-parametric determination of Fe and Mn in soil leachates to assess the impact of micronutrients supplementation.
The “silent CO”: a new technique for calculating transition metal carbonyl force fields
Authors: Timney John A. , Turner James J.
Published: December 2021

The “silent CO group” is introduced to enable energy-factored force fields to be estimated accurately for molecules where there are fewer ν(CO) frequencies than force constants in the force field.
BaAl2O4:Eu2+–Al2O3 ceramics for wide range optical temperature sensing
Authors: Yin Xiaomeng , Lin Hui , Zhang Dawei , Hong Ruijin , Tao Chunxian , Han Zhaoxia , Zhou Shengming , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Zheng Guanhaoije
Published: December 2021

Temperature-dependent PL spectra of 15 BAO in the ranges of 304 K–434 K.
Boosting oxygen evolution of layered double hydroxide through electronic coupling with ultralow noble metal doping
Authors: Li Zhao , Liu Dongsheng , Lu Xinhua , Du Minglin , Chen Zhenyang , Teng Jingrui , Sha Ruiqi , Tian Lin
Published: December 2021

Electrocatalytic water oxidation is a rate-determining step in the water splitting process; however, its efficiency is significantly hampered by the limitations of cost-effective electrocatalysts.
Synthetic uranium oxide hydrate materials: Current advances and future perspectives
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Lu Kimbal T. , Zheng Rongkun
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive review of synthetic uranium oxide hydrate phases focussing on current advances with gap analysis and perspectives for potential future studies.
A dominant contribution to light absorption by methanol-insoluble brown carbon produced in the combustion of biomass fuels typically consumed in wildland fires in the United States
Authors: Atwi Khairallah , Cheng Zezhen , El Hajj Omar , Perrie Charles , Saleh Rawad
Published: December 2021

Even though the majority of brown carbon in biomass-burning emissions is soluble in methanol, the methanol-insoluble fraction dominates light absorption at mid-visible wavelengths.
Volcanic ash ice nucleation activity is variably reduced by aging in water and sulfuric acid: the effects of leaching, dissolution, and precipitation
Authors: Fahy William D. , Maters Elena C. , Giese Miranda Rona , Adams Michael P. , Jahn Leif G. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: December 2021

The ice nucleation activity of volcanic ash can change when exposed to liquid water or aqueous sulfuric acid through a complex interplay of geochemical alteration mechanisms.
Controllable synthesis of variable-sized magnetic nanocrystals self-assembled into porous nanostructures for enhanced cancer chemo-ferroptosis therapy and MR imaging
Authors: Xu Jianxiang , Zhang Hanyuan , Zhang Yifei , Zhang Xu , Wang Teng , Hong Shi , Wei Wenmei , Zhao Tingting , Fang Weijun
Published: December 2021

Porous magnetic nanoparticles have been constructed by a self-assembled approach for cancer MR imaging and chemo-ferroptosis combination therapy.
H2O2-mediated room temperature synthesis of 2-arylacetophenones from arylhydrazines and vinyl azides in water
Authors: Luo Mengqiang , Zhang Yaohong , Fang Ping , Li Yan , Qi Chenze , Li Yong , Shen Runpu , Cheng Kai , Wang Hai
Published: December 2021

An environmentally benign, cost-efficient and practical methodology for the room temperature synthesis of 2-arylacetophenones in water has been discovered.
Acylative kinetic resolution of racemic methyl-substituted cyclic alkylamines with 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl (R)-2-phenoxypropanoate
Authors: Gruzdev Dmitry A. , Vakarov Sergey A. , Korolyova Marina A. , Bartashevich Ekaterina V. , Tumashov Andrey A. , Chulakov Evgeny N. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Levit Galina L. , Krasnov Victor P.
Published: December 2021

(R)-2-Phenoxypropanoate ester was efficient chiral resolving agent in acylative KR of racemic cyclic alkylamines; highest selectivity was observed for 2-methylpiperidine with predominant formation of (R,R)-amide, which was confirmed by DFT modelling.
Titanium dioxide and fluoropolymer-based coating for smart fabrics with antimicrobial and water-repellent properties
Authors: Jongprateep Oratai , Mani-lata Chitlada , Sakunrak Yosita , Audcharuk Krittanant , Narapong Tithametha , Janbooranapinij Kasidit , Pitiphattharabun Siraprapa , Lertworasirikul Amornrat , Laobuthee Apirat , Thengchaisri Naris , Ajiro Hiroharu , Yoshida Hiroaki , Panomsuwan Gasidit
Published: December 2021

The fabrics coated with TiO2 photocatalyst and fluoropolymer exhibit good water-repellent and antimicrobial properties. The coated fabrics can be used in the fabrication of smart gowns and scrub suits as protective clothing for medical staff.
Highly efficient selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over Cu–Re/TiO2 bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Liu Yingxin , Liu Kai , Zhang Meihua , Zhang Kaiyue , Ma Jiao , Xiao Shuwen , Wei Zuojun , Deng Shuguang
Published: December 2021

Herein, we report a highly efficient and recyclable Cu–Re(1 : 1)/TiO2 bimetallic catalyst for liquid phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.
Kinetics, thermodynamics, equilibrium, surface modelling, and atomic absorption analysis of selective Cu(ii) removal from aqueous solutions and rivers water using silica-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)ethan-1-ol hybrid material
Authors: Tighadouini Said , Radi Smaail , Roby Othmane , Hammoudan Imad , Saddik Rafik , Garcia Yann , Almarhoon Zainab M. , Mabkhot Yahia N.
Published: December 2021

The removal of heavy metals is attracting considerable attention due to their undesirable effects on the environment.
Debunking the essential effect of temperature and voltage on the current curve and the nanotube morphology
Authors: Gong Tianle , Chen Jieda , Fang Pengjin , Liu Lin , Li Chengyuan , Han Aijun , Song Ye
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the change of nanotubes and the current–time curve under different temperature are explained clearly. Also, ginseng shaped nanotubes were found in experiments, which proved the irrationality of field assisted dissolution theory.
Fine-tuning of the pharmacological potential of novel thiazolium ionic liquids by anion alteration
Authors: Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Shati Ali A. , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Elshaarawy Reda F. M. , Gad Emad M.
Published: December 2021

A novel series of thiazolium ionic liquids (TILs) bound to chloride (2a–c), tetrafluoroborate (BF4) (3a–c), and bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (Tf2N) anions (4a–c) was synthesized and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated.
Application of double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS), Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy and Raman microscopy for the characterization of copper-sulfides
Authors: Varotsis Constantinos , Tselios Charalampos , Yiannakkos Konstantinos A. , Andreou Charalampos , Papageorgiou Marios , Nicolaides Antonis
Published: December 2021

Raman and FTIR microspectroscopies, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and DP-LIBS have been applied towards our understanding of the characterization of the structure and structure–function relationship in copper-sulfide minerals.
Cytotoxic polyhydroxylated pregnane glycosides from Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta
Authors: Sun Yan-Jun , Chen Hao-Jie , Han Rui-Jie , Zhao Chen , Si Ying-Ying , Li Meng , Du Kun , Chen Hui , Feng Wei-Sheng
Published: December 2021

Fourteen new polyhydroxylated pregnane glycosides, cissasteroid A–N (1–14), and five known analogues (15–19), were isolated from the dried whole plant of Cissampelos pareira var. hirsuta.
Thermal, mechanical investigation and neutron shielding analysis for Gd-MOF/polyimide materials
Authors: Hu Chen , Huang Qunying , Zhai Yutao
Published: December 2021

None of the currently commercialized shielding materials in Generation IV nuclear energy systems are satisfactory in their performance.
Peroxidase catalytic activity of carbon nanoparticles for glutathione detection
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Li Xiang , Li Zezhi , Liu Kejian , Xie Jianping
Published: December 2021

Peroxidases are present widely in microorganisms and plants, and catalyze many reactions.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new derivatives of thieno-thiazole and dihydrothiazolo-thiazole scaffolds integrated with a pyrazoline nucleus as anticancer and multi-targeting kinase inhibitors
Authors: Othman Ismail M. M. , Alamshany Zahra M. , Tashkandi Nada Y. , Gad-Elkareem Mohamed A. M. , Abd El-Karim Somaia S. , Nossier Eman S.
Published: December 2021

Deregulation of various protein kinases is considered as one of the important factors resulting in cancer development and metastasis, thus multi-targeting the kinase family is one of the most important strategies in current cancer therapy.
C18-diterpenoid alkaloids in tribe Delphineae (Ranunculaceae): phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, and bioactivities
Authors: Yan Yuanfeng , Li Xing , Wang Ze , Yang Xiaoyan , Yin Tianpeng
Published: December 2021

This review systematically summarizes the C18-diterpenoid alkaloid (DA) compositions isolated from the genera Aconitum and Delphinium in the Delphineae tribe (Ranunculaceae).
Cycloaddition of Huisgen 1,4-dipoles: synthesis and rapid epimerization of functionalized spiropyrido[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-pyrroles and related products
Authors: Galeev Andrew R. , Moroz Anna A. , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Maslivets Andrey N.
Published: December 2021

Rapid epimerization of cycloadducts from Huisgen 1,4-dipoles has been investigated through the synthesis of new spiropyrido[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-pyrroles and repetition of syntheses from the literature.
Oxygen and nitrogen enriched pectin-derived micro-meso porous carbon for CO2 uptake
Authors: Vafaeinia Milad , Khosrowshahi Mobin Safarzadeh , Mashhadimoslem Hossein , Motejadded Emrooz Hosein Banna , Ghaemi Ahad
Published: December 2021

Oxygen and nitrogen enriched micro–meso porous carbon powders have been prepared from pectin and melamine as oxygen and nitrogen containing organic precursors, respectively.
“Every little thing that could possibly be provided helps”: analysis of online first-year chemistry resources using the universal design for learning framework
Authors: Reyes Charisse T. , Lawrie Gwendolyn A. , Thompson Christopher D. , Kyne Sara H.
Published: December 2021

Rapid advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have afforded numerous variations to traditional chemistry curricula where pedagogical strategies that have been employed have assumed “one-size-fits-all”. The translation of print-based instructional resources into multimodal online and digital forms enables greater accessibility, flexibility, and usability to support students in their understanding of complex chemistry concepts. To ideally offer an online learning environment that is accessible by all students to the greatest extent possible, this study employed the principles of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework to analyse the design of online instructional resources for topics in first-year chemistry courses. Through application of UDL principles, students were provided with multiple means of representation of concepts, options for action and expression, and various avenues for engagement within the learning management system (LMS). This paper describes how the UDL framework was used to evaluate three separate independent Cases of tertiary first-year chemistry courses, including one university in the Philippines and two universities in Australia. Evaluation through surveys, focus groups, and individual interviews revealed students’ perceptions of the usefulness of the UDL-based features. Students cited benefit from multiple forms of content delivery, animations, interactive simulations, and video recordings because they facilitated processing of information, provided alternative ways of presenting the information, allowed for varying methods for response, navigation, and flexibility, and allowed for self-evaluation of their progress. These results suggest that applying the principles of the UDL framework in instructional design of an online environment in first-year chemistry courses can support and further enhance students’ learning irrespective of their individual contexts.
Functionalised nanopores: chemical and biological modifications
Authors: Cairns-Gibson Dominic F. , Cockroft Scott L.
Published: December 2021

The convergence of chemistry, biology, and solid-state approaches enables the construction hybrid nanopores with enhanced single-molecule applications.
Mussel-inspired adhesive gelatin–polyacrylamide hydrogel wound dressing loaded with tetracycline hydrochloride to enhance complete skin regeneration
Authors: Wang Yamei , Xiao Dongdong , Quan Lin , Chai Hongbin , Sui Xiaofeng , Wang Bijia , Xu Hong , Mao Zhiping
Published: December 2021

Even though the global wound care market size was valued at USD 19.83 billion in 2020, it is still a challenge to develop a hydrogel-based wound dressing with a good mechanical property, adhesiveness and antibacterial property.
Thermally fluctuating, semiflexible sheets in simple shear flow
Authors: Silmore Kevin S. , Strano Michael S. , Swan James W.
Published: December 2021

Fluctuating semiflexible sheets dispersed in a fluid are simulated under simple shear flow. A dynamical crumpling transition is observed, flipping statistics are quantified, and rheological properties are estimated for dilute suspensions of sheets.
Combining electrochemical and quantitative elemental analysis to investigate the sulfur poisoning process of ceria thin film fuel electrodes
Authors: Herzig C. , Frank J. , Nenning A. , Gerstl M. , Bumberger A. , Fleig J. , Opitz A. K. , Limbeck A.
Published: December 2021

This work deals with the effect of sulfur incorporation into model-type GDC thin films on their in-plane ionic conductivity.
Coating gold nanorods with silica prevents the generation of reactive oxygen species under laser light irradiation for safe biomedical applications
Authors: Mitiche Sarra , Gueffrache Syrine , Marguet Sylvie , Audibert Jean-Frédéric , Pansu Robert Bernard , Palpant Bruno
Published: December 2021

ROS are efficiently generated in water by exciting the longitudinal localized plasmon resonance mode of gold nanorods with ultrashort laser pulses. We demonstrate that coating nanoparticles with a dense silica shell hinders this ROS production.
ESIPT-capable Eu3+-metallopolymer with colour-tunable emission for selective visual sensing of Zn2+ ion
Authors: Feng Weixu , Fu Guorui , Huang Yujuan , Zhao Yan , Yan Hongxia , Lü Xingqiang
Published: December 2021

The copolymerization between 4-VP-PHI, MMA and the Eu3+-complex results in white light emitting Eu3+-metallopolymer, which not only has a lower detection limit, but also a more remarkable color change compared to 4-VP-PHI for the sensing of Zn2+.
Correction: Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes with extended lifetimes by exploiting an iridium complex as a sensitizer
Authors: Cui Rongzhen , Zhou Liang , Zhao Xuesen , Wang Qilin , Liu Fenggang , Wang Jiahai
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes with extended lifetimes by exploiting an iridium complex as a sensitizer’ by Rongzhen Cui et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2021, 9, 15295–15300, DOI: 10.1039/d1tc03962h.
Voluntary Cough Effectiveness and Airway Clearance in Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Borders James C. , Troche Michelle S.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Voluntary cough dysfunction is highly prevalent across multiple patient populations. Voluntary cough has been utilized as a screening tool for swallowing safety deficits and as a target for compensatory and exercise-based dysphagia management. However, it remains unclear whether voluntary cough dysfunction is associated with the ability to effectively clear the airway.

Method:

Individuals with neurodegenerative disorders performed same-day voluntary cough testing and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES). Participants who were cued to cough after exhibiting penetration to the vocal folds and/or aspiration with thin liquids during FEES met inclusion criteria. One-hundred and twenty-three trials were blinded, and the amount of residue before and after a cued cough on FEES was measured with a visual analog scale. Linear and binomial mixed-effects models examined the relationship between cough airflow during voluntary cough testing and the proportion of residue expelled.

Results:

Peak expiratory flow rate (
p
= .004) and cough expired volume from the entire epoch (
p
= .029) were significantly associated with the proportion of aspiration expelled from the subglottis. Peak expiratory flow rate values of 3.00 L/s, 3.50 L/s, and 5.30 L/s provided high predicted probabilities that ≥ 25%, ≥ 50%, and ≥ 80% aspirate was expelled. Accounting for depth of aspiration significantly improved model fit (
p
< .001).

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that voluntary cough airflow is associated with cough effectiveness to clear aspiration from the subglottis, although aspiration amount and depth may play an important role in this relationship. These findings provide further support for the clinical utility of voluntary cough in the management of dysphagia.
Hot Jupiters, cold kinematics
Authors: Mustill Alexander J. , Lambrechts Michiel , Davies Melvyn B.
Published: December 2021

Context. The birth environments of planetary systems are thought to influence planet formation and orbital evolution through external photoevaporation and stellar flybys. Recent work has claimed observational support for this, in the form of a correlation between the properties of planetary systems and the local Galactic phase space density of the host star. In particular, hot Jupiters are overwhelmingly present around stars in regions of high phase space density, which may reflect a formation environment with high stellar density.

Aims. We aim to investigate whether the high phase space density may have a Galactic kinematic origin: hot Jupiter hosts may be biased towards being young and therefore kinematically cold, because tidal inspiral leads to the destruction of the planets on gigayear timescales, and the velocity dispersion of stars in the Galaxy increases on similar timescales.

Methods. We used 6D positions and kinematics from Gaia for the hot Jupiter hosts and their neighbours, and we constructed distributions of the phase space density. We investigated correlations between the stars’ local phase space density and peculiar velocity.

Results. We find a strong anti-correlation between the phase space density and the host star’s peculiar velocity with respect to the Local Standard of Rest. Therefore, most stars in ‘high-density’ regions are kinematically cold, which may be caused by the aforementioned bias towards detecting hot Jupiters around young stars before the planets’ tidal destruction.

Conclusions. We do not find evidence in the data for hot Jupiter hosts preferentially being in phase space overdensities compared to other stars of similar kinematics, nor therefore for their originating in birth environments of high stellar density.
Multi-instrument STIX microflare study
Authors: Saqri Jonas , Veronig Astrid M. , Warmuth Alexander , Dickson Ewan C. M. , Battaglia Andrea Francesco , Podladchikova Tatiana , Xiao Hualin , Battaglia Marina , Hurford Gordon J. , Krucker Säm
Published: December 2021

Context. During its commissioning phase in 2020, the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft observed 69 microflares. The two most significant events from this set (of GOES class B2 and B6) were observed on-disk from the spacecraft as well as from Earth and analysed in terms of the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics.

Aims. We complement the observations from the STIX instrument with EUV imagery from SDO/AIA and GOES soft X-ray data by adding imaging and plasma diagnostics over different temperature ranges for a detailed microflare case study that is focussed on energy release and transport.

Methods. We used data from the GOES for SXR plasma diagnostics and SDO/AIA for carrying out high-cadence EUV imaging and reconstruction of differential emission measure (DEM) maps of the thermal flare plasma. The reconstructed DEM profiles were used to study the temporal evolution of thermal flare plasma in the kernels and loops independently. We derived the time evolution of the flare plasma parameters (EM, T) and thermal energy from STIX, GOES, and AIA observations. In particular, we studied the STIX spectra to determine the nonthermal emission from accelerated electrons.

Results. A spectral fitting of the STIX data shows clear nonthermal emission for both microflares studied here. For both events, the plasma temperature and EM derived from STIX and GOES as well as the reconstructed DEM maps differ in absolute values and timing, with AIA (which is sensitive to lower plasma temperatures) lagging behind. The deduced plasma parameters from either method roughly agree with the values in the literature for microflares as do the nonthermal fit parameters from STIX. This finding is corroborated by the Neupert effect exhibited between the time derivative of the GOES SXR emission and the STIX HXR profiles. For the B6 event, for which such an analysis was possible, the non-thermal energy deduced from STIX roughly coincides with the lower estimates of the thermal energy requirement deduced from the SXR and EUV emissions.

Conclusions. The observed Neupert effects and impulsive and gradual phases indicate that both events covered in this study are consistent with the standard chromospheric evaporation flare scenario. For the B6 event on 7 June 2020, this interpretation is further supported by the temporal evolution seen in the DEM profiles of the flare ribbons and loops. For this event, we also find that accelerated electrons can roughly account for the required thermal energy. The 6 June 2020 event demonstrates that STIX can detect nonthermal emission for GOES class B2 events that is nonetheless smaller than the background rate level. We demonstrate for the first time how detailed multi-instrument studies of solar flares can be performed with STIX.
Do near-field cues enhance the plausibility of non-individual binaural rendering in a dynamic multimodal virtual acoustic scene?
Authors: Arend Johannes M. , Ramírez Melissa , Liesefeld Heinrich R. , Pӧrschmann Christoph
Published: December 2021

It is commonly believed that near-field head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) provide perceptual benefits over far-field HRTFs that enhance the plausibility of binaural rendering of nearby sound sources. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has systematically investigated whether using near-field HRTFs actually provides a perceptually more plausible virtual acoustic environment. To assess this question, we conducted two experiments in a six-degrees-of-freedom multimodal augmented reality experience where participants had to compare non-individual anechoic binaural renderings based on either synthesized near-field HRTFs or intensity-scaled far-field HRTFs and judge which of the two rendering methods led to a more plausible representation. Participants controlled the virtual sound source position by moving a small handheld loudspeaker along a prescribed trajectory laterally and frontally near the head, which provided visual and proprioceptive cues in addition to the auditory cues. The results of both experiments show no evidence that near-field cues enhance the plausibility of non-individual binaural rendering of nearby anechoic sound sources in a dynamic multimodal virtual acoustic scene as examined in this study. These findings suggest that, at least in terms of plausibility, the additional effort of including near-field cues in binaural rendering may not always be worthwhile for virtual or augmented reality applications.
Biotribological properties of xerostomia patient saliva and its enhancement
Authors: Sharma Prashant K. , Vinke Jeroen , Oude Elberink Marijn , Stokman Monique A. , Kroese Frans G.M. , Nazmi Kamran , Bikker Floris J. , van der Mei Henny C. , Vissink Arjan
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to quantify the lubricating properties of chewing stimulated whole saliva from healthy controls (n=22), from patients suffering from primary Sjögren’s syndrome (n=37) and from patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy (n=34). Materials and Methods All participants had to complete the Xerostomia Inventory questionnaire to score dry mouth sensation. Lubrication was measured using an ex vivo tongue-enamel friction system in terms of Relief and Relief period. MUC5b and total protein concentrations of the saliva samples were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a bicinchoninic acid assay, respectively. Results Relief of Sjögren’s patients saliva and post-irradiation patients saliva was similar compared with healthy controls, but saliva from post-irradiation patients lubricated significantly better than saliva from Sjögren’s patients. The Relief period was similar between the three groups. The Relief and Relief period were higher for saliva samples post-irradiation compared to pre-irradiation. MUC5b and total protein concentrations were comparable in all groups. MUC5b and total protein output were significantly lower in patients subjected to radiotherapy compared to saliva from healthy controls and pre-irradiation patients. MUC5b concentrations positively correlated with lubricating properties of post-irradiation patient saliva. Conclusions The lubricating properties of patient saliva were not any worse than healthy controls. Lower flow rate leads to lower availability of saliva in the oral cavity and decreases the overall output of protein and MUC5b, which might result in an insufficient replenishing of the mucosal salivary film. Clinical Relevance An insufficient replenishing might underlie the sensation of a dry mouth and loss of oral function. In the talk I will explain biomaterials related strategies, yet ex vivo, to enhance salivary lubrication despite of low flowrates.
Frequency of transovarial transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in endemic areas of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Ceper District, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Putri Novita Eka , Umniyati Sitti Rahmah , Murhandarwati Elsa Herdiana
Published: December 2021

Klaten Regency is an area in Central Java Province with a high rate of endemic dengue hemorrhagic fever. This study aims to demonstrate a correlation between transovarial transmission and the incidence of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Ceper District, Klaten Regency. Aedes larvae and pupae were collected from January 2019 to March 2019 from various containers, using gamadotic and dipper tools, in Ngawonggo, Kajen, and Meger villages, which have high, medium, and low numbers of dengue cases, respectively. The larvae and pupae obtained were reared into adults. The presence of dengue virus in head squashes of 1-week-old female Ae. aegypti was identified based on an immunocytochemical assay using DSSE10 monoclonal antibody, made at Universitas Gadjah Mada as a primary antibody. The frequency of transovarial transmission of dengue virus (TIR) in Ae. aegypti in the three villages was 35.7%. The highest frequency occurred in Ngawonggo Village, at 40 %, and the lowest in Meger Village, at 28%, while the frequency in Kajen Village was 36.9 %. This study proves that there is a strong correlation (r = 0.99664) between transovarial transmission and the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Ceper District, Klaten Regency, Central Java.
The effect of oral administration of monosodium glutamate on orofacial pain response and the estimated number of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons of male Wistar rats
Authors: Ramadhani Amilia , Sofro Zaenal Muttaqien , Partadiredja Ginus
Published: December 2021

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a worldwide flavor enhancer. The excessive glutamate concentration in nerve tissue induces the death of nerve cells, known as excitotoxicity. In the orofacial region, the nerve cells’ death affects pain perception such as mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. The aim of the present study was to examine the pain response modification and the estimated total number of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons after sub chronic oral administration of MSG. Twenty eight male Wistar rats, aged 6-8 weeks (100-150 grams) were divided into 4 groups: Control (2 mL NaCl 0.9%); 1 mg/gWB MSG; 2 mg/gWB MSG; 4 mg/gWB MSG groups. Daily oral administration of MSG was given for 30 days. The control group received NaCl per oral for the same period. The pin prick and air puff test were performed on days 1-2, days 41-42 and days 55-56. The number of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons were estimated by the unbiased stereology method, using the approach of numerical density and organ volume reference. The results showed that the sub chronic oral administration of MSG does not modify either the orofacial pain response or the estimated total number of trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons. .
The Effect Of NaCl Salinity Stress To Phenolic Compound, Total Flavonoid And Antioxidant Activity Of Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) Leaves
Authors: Hanifah Nur , Asih Purwestri Yekti
Published: December 2021

Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) is a herbal plant that contain secondary metabolite compounds like phenol and flavonoid. NaCl salinity is one of abiotic stress that enhanced synthesis of some secondary metabolites in plants. This study was investigated the effect of NaCl salinity stress to phenolic compound, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of pegagan leaves. Pegagan were treated with five different NaCl concentrations, 0 mM (1), 50 mM (2), 100 mM (3), 150 mM (4) and 200 mM (5) for a week. Morphological leaves were observed for the present of necrotic symptom. Phenolic compound and total flavonoid content were measured using spectrophotometer at wavelength 765 nm and 415 nm. Antioxidant activity was measured based on DPPH method. The result showed that increasing NaCl concentration cause increasing necrotic spot in leaves. Phenolic compound, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity are increased by increasing NaCl concentration. The result indicated that phenol and flavonoid have important role in plant defense mechanism against NaCl toxicity effects.
Crop Yield Map Development Based on Satellite and UAV Data
Authors: Botvich Irina , Shevyrnogov Anatoly , Emelyanov Dmitriy
Published: December 2021

Agriculture is one of the promising areas for the introduction of remote sensing technologies. With its help, you can timely receive a wide range of dynamic information about the conditions for the crops growth and development and make the necessary adjustments to obtain the planned result. The paper presents the results of early forecasting of spring wheat yields based on Dove (PlanetScope) satellite data from Planet Labs and DJI P4 Multispectral unmanned data. The maps of the yield of spring wheat were constructed using satellite and unmanned data with a spatial resolution of 3 m and 5 cm, respectively. A statistical assessment of the inhomogeneity of the spectral optical characteristics of agricultural crops has been carried out. The degree of correlation dependence between the value of the integral of the index (NDVI, VARI, MSAVI2, ClGreen) and the yield in different periods of the growing season has been determined.
Image segmentation of acidity of agricultural lands in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Perfilyev Dmitriy , Avdyukova Tatiana , Zakharov Pavel
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes a mathematical model for segmentation of the acidity dynamics of agricultural lands in Eastern Siberia. The segmentation rule is based on the analysis of the image frequency characteristic acidity, which makes it possible to predict the change in the property of the segmented areas. The mathematical approach to the segmentation of the dynamics of agrophysical parameters of agricultural soils has proves to be effective in managing the quality of the natural energy state on the control plots. It is expected that the experience will be applied to the entire responsibility area of ‘SAS’ ‘Solyanskaya’ (912.4 thousand ha). Introduction and distribution of innovative practices and technologies will provide new opportunities for monitoring and management of the natural energy state quality of the East-Siberian territory (23 million ha).
Refinement of parameters gravitational anomaly relative to the focal zone of the 2011 earthquake (Japan) based on satellite data
Authors: Rubleva Tatyana , Simonov Konstantin , Kashkin Valentin , Malkanova Anna , Odintsov Roman
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work is to study gravitational anomalies that have arisen in the region of the sources of strong underwater earthquakes with a magnitude of Mw > 8. For this purpose, data obtained by the GRACE space system were used. Variations of the EWH program with a period of 30 days were investigated relative to the focal area of the 2011 Japanese earthquake for the period 2010-2012. It was found that during the preparation of an earthquake, the EWH values significantly increase in this area for three months, with aftershock activity, the EWH values decrease within a month. Maps of variations of the EWH parameter in the conditions of a disturbed geomedia and in background seismic conditions are constructed. The indices of the anomaly δEWH were calculated, which made it possible to analyze in more detail the local gravitational field for the investigated focal zone.
Open access journals are as likely to be referenced by the Orthopaedic literature, despite having a lower impact factor than subscription-based journals
Authors: Cooke Robert , Jain Neil
Published: December 2021

Background: The internet has changed the way we access and publish Orthopaedic literature. Traditional subscription journals have been challenged by the open access method of publication which permits the author to make their article available to all readers for free, often at a cost to the author. This has also been adopted in part by traditional subscription journals forming hybrid journals. One of the criticisms of open access publications is that it provides the author with a “pay to publish” opportunity. We aimed to determine if access to the journals impacts their influence. Methods: We selected the top 40 Trauma and Orthopaedic Journals as ranked by the SCImago Rank. Each journal was reviewed and assessed for the journal quality, defined by reviewing the journal impact factor and SCImago rank; influence, defined by reviewing the top 10 articles provided by the journal for the number of citations; and cost of open access publication. Results: Of the top 40 journals, 10 were subscription, 10 were open access, and 20 were hybrid journals. Subscription journals had the highest mean impact factor, and SCImago rank with a significant difference in the impact factor (p = 0.001) and SCImago rank (p = 0.021) observed between subscription and open access journals. No significant difference was seen between citation numbers of articles published in subscription and open access journals (p = 0.168). There was a positive correlation between the cost of publishing in an open access journal and the impact factor (r = 0.404) but a negative correlation between cost and the number of citations (r = 0.319). Conclusion: Open access journals have significantly lower quality measures in comparison to subscription journals. Despite this, we found no difference between the number of citations, suggestive of there being no difference in the influence of these journals in spite of the observed difference in quality.
Management of Vascular Thrombosis in Patients with Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Voigtlaender Minna , Langer Florian
Published: December 2021

Platelets play critical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. While low platelet counts increase the risk of bleeding, antithrombotic drugs, including anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, are used to treat thromboembolic events. Thus, the management of thrombosis in patients with low platelet counts is challenging with hardly any evidence available to guide treatment. Recognition of the underlying cause of thrombocytopenia is essential for assessing the bleeding risk and tailoring therapeutic options. A typical clinical scenario is the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients experiencing transient thrombocytopenia during myelosuppressive chemotherapy. In such patients, the severity of thrombocytopenia, thrombus burden, clinical symptoms, and the timing of VTE relative to thrombocytopenia must be considered. In clinical practice, distinct hematological disorders characterized by low platelet counts and a thrombogenic state require specific diagnostics and treatment. These include the antiphospholipid syndrome, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and (spontaneous) HIT syndromes, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Vom „wesensfremden Konsum“ – Zum Umgang mit
der Alkoholproblematik in einem DDR-Großbetrieb
Authors: Haack Kathleen , Schrödter Anton , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Kumbier Ekkehardt
Published: December 2021

Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Umgang mit der Alkoholproblematik in der DDR und
spezifisch in Rostock anhand des 1983 entstandenen Dokumentarfilms
„Abhängig“. Dabei geht es nicht um eine dezidierte
Filmanalyse. Vielmehr fungiert er als Anlass, sich aus mikrohistorischer
Perspektive mit den verschiedenen Dimensionen des Umgangs mit Alkoholkranken in
einem DDR-Großbetrieb auseinanderzusetzen. Aus historischer Sicht ist
der Dokumentarfilm gleich in mehrfacher Hinsicht interessant und eignet sich
hervorragend als Quelle und Analyseinstrument der DDR-Psychiatriegeschichte. Es
ist das Ineinandergreifen ideen- und sozialgeschichtlicher Perspektiven, die die
Spannung zwischen gesellschaftlicher Ächtung einerseits und Anerkennung
des Alkoholismus als Krankheit andererseits über das Medium Film
erfahrbar macht, zudem Versuche der Etablierung von Therapien in
multiprofessionellen Teams und damit Wege aus der Sucht aufzeigt.
Ergänzend wird auf erstmals eingesehenes umfangreiches Archivmaterial
sowie Zeitzeugeninterviews zurückgegriffen. Nicht zuletzt
ermöglicht der Einblick in den Sozialraum „volkseigener“
Großbetrieb (Neptunwerft mit Betriebspoliklinik) einen differenzierten
Zugang in die realsozialistische Gesellschaft und deren spezifischen Umgang mit
– im weitesten Sinn – abweichenden und in der jeweiligen
Interpretation randständig-asozialem oder krankhaftem
übermäßigen Alkoholkonsum. Neben dem Aufzeigen
verschiedener Sichtweisen auf die Alkoholproblematik in der DDR, in deren
Verlauf eine Ausweitung des medizinischen Definitionsbereichs erfolgte, zielt
der Beitrag darauf, Anstöße für vergleichende
Forschungen zu geben, notwendige Perspektivwechsel aufzuzeigen und langfristig
allgemeingültige Aussagen über die Rolle der Psychiatrie im
Kontext des Gesundheitswesens der DDR zu treffen.
Outcomes in Pediatric Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lopez Erin M. , Farzal Zainab , Dean Kelly M. , Miller Craig , Morse Justin C. , Ebert Charles S. , Kimple Adam J. , Thorp Brian D. , Zanation Adam M.
Published: December 2021

Objectives The frequency of endoscopic skull base surgery in pediatric patients is increasing. This study aims to systematically review the literature for endoscopic skull base surgery outcomes in children/adolescents aged 0 to 18 years.

Design A systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed and SCOPUS databases querying studies from 2000 to 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Final inclusion criteria included: case series with more than 10 patients with pediatric patients aged ≤18 years, endoscopic or endoscopic-assisted skull base surgery, and outcomes reported.

Setting This study was conducted at a tertiary care medical center.

Participants Children/adolescents aged 0 to 18 years who underwent endoscopic skull base surgery were participated in this study.

Main Outcome Measures Patient demographics, pathology, reconstructive technique, intraoperative findings, intraoperative, and postoperative surgical complications were measured through this study.

Results Systematic literature search yielded 287 publications. Of these, 12 studies discussing a total of 399 patients aged 0 to 18 years met inclusion criteria for final analysis. Seven of the 12 studies discussed a single pathology. The most common pathology was a skull base defect causing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The majority of skull base repairs were made with free tissue grafts. The most common postoperative complication was CSF leak (n = 40). Twelve cases of meningitis occurred postoperatively with two of these episodes resulting in death.

Conclusion Endoscopic skull base surgery has been performed recently in the pediatric population in a variety of disease states. Inconsistent individual-level data and reporting standards are present in existing studies posing challenges for comparative analysis. Standardized reporting will aid future reviews and meta-analysis for rare skull base pathology.