bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Quality of Opuntia ssp. at Different Phenological Stages: Implications for Forage Purposes
Authors: Da Silva Danilo Dantas , De Andrade Albericio Pereira , Da Silva Divan Soares , Alves Francisco Abel Lemos , Valença Roberta De Lima , Dos Santos Djalma Cordeiro , De Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes , Araújo Fernando Dos Santos , Lima Lucas Kennedy Silva , Alcantara Bruno Riselane De Lucena
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to evaluat the chemical composition of forage cactus cladodes of the genus Opuntia spp. at different stages of phenological development. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 4×3 factorial scheme, with four species of cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw, Opuntia undulata Griffiths, Opuntia atropes Rose and Opuntia larreri FAC Weber) and three stages of cladode development (young, intermediate, and mature). The chemical composition of Opuntia cladodes varied according to species and phenological stage. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations increased, and crude protein (CP) decreased with cladode maturation. The species O. atropes had the lowest levels of organic matter (OM), CP, total carbohydrates, and non-fibrous carbohydrates, as well as the highest values of mineral matter, NDF and ADF. Calcium and phosphorus contents increased with cladodium maturation. The concentrations of boron, copper and manganese were higher in the young and intermediate stages. The cladodes of O. stricta, O. undulata and O. larreri showed better nutritional quality for feeding domestic ruminants. Young and intermediate cladodes are more proteinaceous and less fibrous. These results can be useful in selecting the forage cactus species and in optimizing the use of cladodes for feeding different categories of ruminants in semiarid regions.
Socioscientific-Issues Based Classroom Intervention on Grade 10 Students’ Learning Achievement and Scientific Reasoning
Authors: Khajornkhae Linda , Nuangchalerm Prasart
Published: December 2021

Socioscientific-issues based instruction can promote science to students as a tool for necessary learning in the disruptive world. This instruction helps students critique and response as its nature of science, gaining higher-ordered thinking, and discussing with scientific reasoning. The objectives of this study were to compare learning achievement and scientific reasoning of grade 10 students. The topic “DNA technology” was employed with 90 grade 10 students from 2 classrooms. The quasi-experimental research was designed by comparing learning achievement and scientific reasoning between 2 learning organizations. The research tools were socioscientific-issues based and inquiry-based lesson plans, the achievement test consist of 30 items of 4 choices multiple test and scientific reasoning test. The statistic used to test the hypothesis was independent t-test. The results indicated that students had no difference score of learning achievement between learning organizations. While socioscientific-issues based learning had score of scientific reasoning higher than inquiry-based learning at the .05 level of statistically significance. The study can summarize that socioscientific-issues based learning can promote scientific reasoning to science classroom.
التربية الجهادية
Authors: حسن إبراهيم إبراهيم
Published: December 2021

التربية الجهادية

This study tackles the two most important invasions of Muslims and each invasion has its educational lessons and military lessons which deserve to stand before and benefit from , in Muslims life .Also he handles Jihad , its goodness and its rules.

In the second theme the researcher tackled precisely the Greater Badr Invation , its reasons and circumstances concentrating on the educational and Jihadian lessons that led to the victory of Muslims in this invation .

In the third theme the researcher tackled Ohudd Invation which followed "Badr" despite its result in which Muslims were defeated.

Here he showed lessons , benefits and reasons that led to their defeat.

Lastly the researcher concluded with some results and recommendations
الغضب و كيف عالجه في الإسلام
Authors: Ali Abdelnabi
Published: December 2021

الغضب و كيف عالجه في الإسلام

raise be to God, prayer and peace be upon our master Muhammad and his family and his relatives.

This research has included how to deal with anger, its causes and its effects on the individual, and society.

The researcher has followed the inductive analytical approach.

He divided it into two sections: 1.

The concept of anger, its causes and its ranks.

Treatment and types of anger and its effects The study includes some recommendations
Morphological study of the adrenal gland of the adult sudanese chicken (gallus domesticus)
Authors: Salwa Ismail Abd al-Qadir Al-Bajory,
Published: December 2021

Morphological study of the adrenal gland of the adult sudanese chicken (gallus domesticus)

شملت هذه الدراسة بحثا عيانيا و مجهريا للغدة الكظرية في الديوك السودانية من الناحية العيانية تتكون الغدة الكظرية من نسيج ضام و قشرة و لب الترتيب العام للقشرة و اللب يختلف عن ذلك الذي في الغدة المماثلة في الحيوانات الأخرى.

و قد وجد أن القشرة و اللب يمتزجان مع بعضهم البعض.

كما شملت الدراسة الألياف العصبية.

وجد أن متوسط حجم الغدة الكظرية اليمنى هو 0.2 سم3 و مع أن حجم الغدة اليمنى يزيد بنسبة 11 % عن الغدة اليسرى إلا أن الحجم النسبي للأجزاء المكونة للغدة كان متماثلا في الغدتين اليمنى و اليسرى.

تكون القشرة حوالي 48 % م الحجم الكلي للغدة.

ترتيب خلايا النورادرلننين المفرزة مختلف من الحيوانات الأخرى إذ نجدها في مجموعات.
A Qualitative Assessment About Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT): A Case Study in Higher Education
Authors:   Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Fuchs Kevin
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Online education, in its various modes, has been growing steadily worldwide due to the influence of new technologies, global adoption of the Internet, and intensifying demand for a workforce trained periodically for the ever-evolving digital economy. Well-planned online learning experiences are meaningfully different from courses offered online in response to a crisis or disaster. Higher education institutions working to maintain instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic should understand those differences when evaluating emergency remote teaching (ERT). Online distance education involves more than just uploading educational content; instead, it is a learning process that provides learners with support, responsibility, flexibility, and choice. Henceforth, the research aimed to examine undergraduate students’ (n=238) perceptions about their preferred mode of learning during COVID-19. The paper identified a significant reluctance towards emergency remote teaching from first-year students. The paper also qualitatively investigated the underlying reasons through thematic analysis. The themed findings were (1) lack of social interactions, (2) difficulties staying engaged while studying from home, and (3) technological boundaries related to the students’ Internet connections in rural areas. The paper concludes with recommendations that aim to provide institutions and educations with practical guidance on how to tackle the outlined issues. KEYWORDS: Online Education, Emergency Remote Teaching, COVID-19, Higher Education
English Language Learning Anxiety among Korean College Students in the Philippines
Authors:   De La Salle University, Philippines, Kim Hyemin , Liongson Elaine Vernadine A. ,   De La Salle University, Philippines
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Although a number of studies have been done about Foreign Language Anxiety among Korean students, limited studies have been done on foreign language anxiety toward Korean college students in the Philippines. This paper seeks to find out the factors that may affect foreign language anxiety of both male and female college students in learning English, their foreign language learning anxiety in terms of gender, and the factor that may decrease the anxiety of the participants. Data was gathered through the use of a Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), a Likert scale adopted from Yassin (2015) and was analyzed by getting the mean, while the findings were interpreted using the mean scale proposed by Mamhot, Martin & Masangya (2013). Surprisingly, the result revealed that foreign language anxiety is not significant among Korean students. Moreover, the female participants showed higher confidence in speaking and using the language compared to male participants in some aspects. Keywords: EFL; FLCAS, foreign language anxiety; gender
How Teacher Questions Facilitate Student Learning in EFL Class
Authors:   Vietnam National University, Vietnam, Hao Nguyen Anh
Published: December 2021

Abstract Questioning is considered as one of the most dominant features in virtually every classroom discourse. This study aims at examining the types and functions of teacher questions that facilitate student learning in an EFL class in Vietnam. The classification of questions employed in the study follows the work proposed by Richards and Lockhart in 2007. Participants in the research were one teacher and 25 students in an English university class in Vietnam. The data was collected through classroom observation and audio recording. Both qualitative and quantitative content analysis were utilized to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that the most frequently used question types were convergent and divergent questions, and procedural questions only accounted for a small proportion. Furthermore, it was found that convergent questions were employed to check and guide students’ understanding of the lesson’s target lexical items, while divergent ones were used to promote students’ further analysis and their own evaluation of the knowledge provided in the study material. Finally, procedural questions were chiefly posed when the teacher monitored students in class activities. Keywords: classroom discourse, classroom interaction, teacher questions
STUDY OF VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL POWER UNITS WITH HYDRAULIC VIBRATION MOUNTS
Authors:   Barnaul Law Institute of  the Ministry of  Internal  Affairs of Russia, Kovalev V.V.
Published: December 2021

At the present, the improvement of vibration isolation systems for equipment, machines and units remains an urgent task. The ways to solve this problem are based on the optimization of existing structures, the development and application of new vibration-insulating elements as well as the improvement of design methods. In particular, to ensure the reliable functioning of agricultural machines, units, working elements and other mechanization means for the technological processes of agricultural production one of the perspective areas is the use of hydraulic vibra-tion mounts in suspension systems for units. This type of mounts is used to mount engines, cabins of agricultural vehicles, and power units. This paper discusses the simu-lation of the dynamic behavior of a power unit attached to a fixed base by the hydraulic mounts. It is proposed to use approximating functions modelling real stiffness character-istics of the mounts. A comparative analysis with a similar design using rubber-metal mounts as vibration-insulating elements is presented.
BARLEY YIELDING CAPACITY INDICES BY PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Zharkova S.V. , Kiyan N.G. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University
Published: December 2021

The use of high-quality seeds in the production process of cropgrowing is one of the main criteria for obtaining a good harvest. The research goal is to study the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with biological preparations on barley yield formation under the conditions of the Altai Re-gion’s Ob River area. The research was carried out in 2019 and 2020 in the Altai Region’s Ob River area. The research target was the Vorsinskiy barley variety and the biological preparations used for pre-sowing seed treatment. The ex-periment included 10 variants; of those 4 variants using biological preparations obtained based on processed agri-cultural and woodworking wastes, and top peat processed by autohydrolysis-explosion. The control consisted in seed treatment with distilled water. The results obtained showed that the use of biological preparations in barley cultivation had a positive effect on the final result -crop yield. The average results over two years of testing showed a wide range of yield variations in the experiment variants. The yield values varied from 2.15 t ha in the Variant no. 8 to 2.82 t ha in the Variant no. 5; the control -2.60 t ha. The yield value in the Variant no. 5 with the use of top peat preparation was the maximum in the experiment. On aver-age, over two years of research, the variability in the vari-ants was from the medium of 10% < Cv < 20% in the Vari-ants no. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 to high Cv > 20% -Variants no. 6, 8, 9, 10. The maximum positive effect on the yield formation of the Vorsinskiy barley variety is exerted by pre-sowing seed treatment with the preparations based of plant residues (sunflower husk, oat chaff -Variants no. 3, 4), woodworking wastes (pine needles -Variant no. 2) and top peat (Variant no. 5) processed by autohydrolysis explosion.
SCIENCE-BASED PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASESIN THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Razumovskaya V.V. , Kravchenko I.A. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University, Korobkova A.A. ,   Altai State Agricultural University, Fedorova G.A. ,   Altai State Agricultural University, Tkachenko L.V. ,   Altai State Agricultural University
Published: December 2021

More accessible international movement of people, goods and freights has complicated the problem of protect-ing our country against highly dangerous and exotic animal diseases. At the same time, long-term epizootological and experimental studies made it possible to conclude that in cattle herds, a problem regarding three groups of parasitic and infectious diseases was found: chronic, highly danger-ous and transboundary animal diseases. To obtain reliable data on veterinary welfare in the animal industry of the Altai Region, the technological scheme for carryingout preven-tive measures was developed and successfully used for more than 20 years. The scheme is used in all areas of animal husbandry in the Region. A large number of preven-tive treatments are carried out in poultry farming –311,946,605 units, in cattle breeding (5,384,337), sheep and goat breeding (367,552), pig breeding (2,664,972), horse breeding (93,289), maral breeding (34,440) and bee-farming (33,808). Infectious diseases pose a threat to the animal farming of the Region, and some of them affect humans. The chronic infections under annual diagnostic monitoring as leukemia, tuberculosis and brucellosis are registered in the Altai Region in agricultural enterprises of all forms of ownership. Anthrax, leptospirosis, rabies and other infections that are dangerous to humans and animals are prevented by immunizing susceptible animals. The threat of bringing into the country is posed by highly conta-gious infections as foot and mouth disease, African swine fever, avian influenza, infectious nodular dermatitis, and equine breeding paralysis. The natural foci of trichinosis in the Altai Region pose a threat to pigs being affected by this dangerous infectious disease. The introduction of the sci-ence-based scheme of preventive measures in livestock breeding of the Altai Region may reduce the costs of their implementation.
EPIZOOTIC MONITORING OFINFECTION OF MARKETABLE FISH WITH HELMINTHOZOONOSIS IN THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Luneva N.A. , Kronewald O.V. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University
Published: December 2021

Fish is a valuable food product, but for all its usefulness it may become a source of poisoning and infection for hu-mans. On the territory of the Russian Federation, a number of parasitic diseases are registered; their causative agents are transmitted to humans through fish and its processed products. The research goal is the epizootic monitoring of marketable fish infection with helminthozoonosis in the Altai Region to evaluate the risk of infection in humans and ani-mals. The research targets are different species of fresh-water and marine fish. The research subject was the epizoot-ic situation regarding helminthozoonosis in commercial fish in the Altai Region. To detect the helminthic fauna in market-able fish and study the infestation dynamics, we conducted our own research and used the data from state reporting on veterinary and sanitary examination of slaughter products on farms, at slaughterhouses and meat processing plants, at cold storage plants and markets in the Altai Region. The studies were carried out according to common research methods. The epizootic monitoring has found that two out of nine parasites registered in marketable fish are dangerous to humans. They are the causative agents of opisthorchiasis and anisacidosis. Analysis of long-term dynamics of market-able fish infestation revealed that the frequency of anisaci-dosisregistration in fish decreased in recent years, and opis-thorchiasiswas not recorded at all in the Region over the past six years. Despite the steady tendency of reducedinfes-tation of marketable fish, veterinary control should not be weakened. The factors accompanying the spread of the invasion are still present in the Region. To evaluate the epi-zootic situation in the Region and the effectiveness of pre-ventive measures to improve the health of the population regarding helminthic helminthozoonosis, it is necessary to further monitor the dynamics of fish infection by means of veterinary and sanitary examination of fish as a possible source of human infection.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF TESTICULAR SERTOLI CELL TUMOR IN INGUINAL CRYPTORCHIDISM
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University, Zotova E.M. , Maryin E.M. ,   Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University, Bogdanova M.A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University, Ermolaev V.A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University, Khokhlova S.N. ,   Ulyanovsk  State  Agricultural  University, Bogdanov I.I. ,   Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University
Published: December 2021

The research was carried out in the Interdepartmental Scientific Veterinary Center of Veterinary Medicine based in the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University. We studied the testis tumor - sertoli cell tumor, according to histological classification, in a male dog with inguinal cryptorchidism. The research goal was to study possible changes in the differentiation, hormonal and metastatic activity of sertoli cell tumor in case of inguinal cryptorchidism in comparison with this type of tumor in physiologically located testes, described in literature. The clinical examination revealed the presence of left-sided inguinal cryptorchidism as well as signs of hyperestrogenism: hyperpigmentation and non-inflammatory alopecia of scrotum, prepuce, located sym-metrically in the right and left iliac regions of the abdomen. The studied neoplasm showed the presence of a dense capsule, the absence of infiltrative growth and metastases in the regional lymph nodes, distinct secretory activity. Fragments of tumor tissue from the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord were obtained for histological examination by the means of excisional biopsy. As a result, the neo-plasm was found to be a sertoli cell tumor of a high degree of differentiation. The tissues of the epididymis showed a significant thickening of the stroma due to the proliferation of connective tissue - a sign of severe sclerosis. The mi-croslides of the spermatic cord and epididymis did not show any signs of infiltrative growth or metastatic spread of tumor cells which meant that the relative benign quality of sertoli cell tumor was found in this clinical study of inguinal cryptorchidism.
HONEY POLLEN ANALYSIS AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF HONEY BEES LIVING IN THE TOWN OF NAUCHNIY GORODOK OF THE ALTAI REGION
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Meshcheryakova L.A.
Published: December 2021

Honeybeepopulations were formed under certain phy-toclimatic conditions and, in the process of natural selec-tion, acquired useful characters that ensured the survival and successful reproduction of the species. Throughout the evolutionary process, insects and plants have developed certain relationships, and therefore bees developed priori-ties and tools in collecting nectar and pollen from certain plant species. On the territory of Russia, several popula-tions of Apis melliferaL. are zoned; they differ in flora spe-cialization, color and body size, behavior, productivity, win-ter hardiness and disease resistance. The main morpho-metric indices of insects that confirm the purity of the breed are the proboscis length and cubital index. To determine the species compositionof bees, insect samples were tak-en from 3 bee colonies inhabiting the town of Nauchniy Gorodok of the Altai Region, and 4 honey varieties were taken for pollen analysis. It was found that all samples of centrifuged honey belonged to polyfloral varieties and con-sisted of pollen of plants of the Cruciferous family (6.0-23.5%), Polygonaceae(1.4-33.0%), Fabaceae (2.5-28.1%), and Compositae (0.5-23.5%). The range of the indices of proboscis length (6.46 ± 0.033; 6.57 ± 0.021; 6.53 ± 0.021 mm) and cubital index(42.58 ± 1.514; 50.31 ± 1.78; 45.36 ± 1.134%) of the studied bees was quite high. The coefficients of variation were as following: re-garding proboscis length -1.38-2.25%, and cubital index -10.9-15.49%. Thus, in the 3 studied bee colonies, there were individuals with exterior features (proboscis length and cubital index) belonging to the European dark, Carpa-thian, Carniolan,Italian, Yellow and Mountain Grey Cauca-sian honeybee breeds.
ANALYSISOF FULL VALUE FEEDING OF MARAL STAGS IN WINTER AND SPRING
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Rastopshina L.V. , Kazantsev D.A. ,   Altai  State  Agricultural  University
Published: December 2021

The productivecharacteristics of marals largely depend on the level, full value and balance of feeding. Provided these factors are taken into account, marals maximize their genetic potential. The experimental part of the study was carried out on the farm of the SPK PZ “Abayskiy”of the Ust-Koksinskiy District of the Republic of Altai in 2020. The research goal was to evaluate the full value of feeding maral stags in winter and spring period. It was found that the best energy feed was oat grain which contained 0.9 energetic feed units. When evaluating the mineral composi-tion, it may be seen that legume hay is superior to other forages in terms of calcium content. Oat grain contains larger amount of phosphorus, haylage –larger amount of magnesium. The maral stag diet usedin the SPK PZ “Abayskiy”contains mainly cereals (oats). As a result, in terms of energy nutritional value, it exceeds the upper threshold of the standard by 23%. There is phosphorus deficit by 5.2%. The content of digestible protein, sugar and carotene is higher than in the standard by 1.2, 8 and 69%, respectively. It has been found that on a daily basis, roughage (legume hay) is the largest part of the diet -7 kg per head; there is less succulent forage (silage) and less concentrates (oats). It should be noted that this diet for maral stag during the stall period requires adjustment; if possible, the proportion of hay in the diet should be re-duced; the diet should include enriched mineral supple-ments of natural origin.
SOME IDEAS FOR MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF COW CONDITIONIN A SUCKLER COW HERD DURING PRE-CALVING PERIOD
Authors:   Anhalt University of  Applied Sciences, Scholz H.
Published: December 2021

Cow management and feeding during pre-and post-calving periods is one of the factors of the economic effi-ciency of animal husbandry. There are various methods of feeding lactating cows but at the same time this topic is understudied in Germany. The experiment is based on long-term data on the birth rate and weight of calves at the Eden agricultural enterprise (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) which was chosen as the main one for the study. The av-erage live weight of calves obtained from first-calf cows was 52 ± 8 kg at birth. The data on the live weight of calves obtained from cows of the first, second, and third lactations are presented. The differences in the live weight of calves revealed immediately after birth. Estimative de-scription of the condition of lactating cows is given. The dependence of the feeding of cows on the quality of the feed material, the content of protein and dry matter is shown. On average, the diet consisted of 99% of forages and had dry matter content of 38 ±6%. The average ener-gy content was 9.8 MJ ME or 5.9 MJ NEL per kilogram of dry matter. Various diets for dry cows were also studied. During the experiment, only the proportions of straw in the diet were changed so that practical conclusions could be drawn. In total, 3 variants were used: TMR with 30% of straw [TMR 1], TMR with 60% of straw [TMR 2] and feed-ing with silage from pure grass after calving. Brief recom-mendations are proposed in the conclusion.
ON THE ISSUE OF DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF INTESTINAL ULTRASOUND IN FOREIGN BODY DETECTION
Authors:   State Agricultural University of Northern Trans-Urals, Krasnolobova E.P.
Published: December 2021

The method of ultrasound diagnostics in suspected for-eign intestinal body in small pets is discussed. This method is characterized by its noninvasiveness. The research goal was to reveal diagnostic significance of ultrasound exami-nation of the intestine in the presence of foreign bodies. The research objectives were as following: to study basic ultrasound characteristics of foreign bodies in the intestine of small domestic animals; to study the influence of antie-metic preparation based on maropitrate citrate on the in-formative value of the study. The research was carried out in the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the State Agricultural University of Northern Trans-Uralsand in the veterinary clinics of the City of Tyumen. Ultrasonic diagnos-tics was carried out in 73 cats and 38 dogs with suspected foreign intestinal bodies. The examination was carried out using linear, convex and microconvex transducers with different frequencies according to standard research meth-ods. Fifteen cats were given an antiemetic drug -maropi-tant citrate at a dose of 1 mg per 1 kg before the ultrasound examination. It has been found that ultrasound is an in-formative method of diagnosing linear foreign bodies; they collect the intestine in a corrugation and go as a linear hy-perechogenic formation. Solid foreign bodies give an echo-genic appearance which suggests their presence in the intestine. Other foreign bodies may be detected by indirect signs. The main indirect signs of obstruction on ultrasound examination include pendulous peristalsis, dilatation above the obstruction site, decreased peristalsis, and overflow of intestinal contents. When studying the peculiarity of ultra-sound examination when using maropitrate citrate, de-creased peristalsis was detected and subsequently poor recognition of pendulum-like movements which negatively affected the diagnostic value of the method.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SPECIALIZED REGULATORY REFERENCE DATABASE (DB) "SOWING EQUIPMENT FOR TILLED AND VEGETABLE CROPS”
Authors:   Michurinsk State Agricultural University, Abaluev R.N. , Kartechina N.V. ,   Michurinsk State Agricultural University, Zavrazhnov A.A. ,   Michurinsk State Agricultural University, Lantsev V.Yu. ,   Michurinsk State Agricultural University, Yakushev A.V. ,   PAO  “Millerovoselmash”, Gorshenin V.I. ,   Michurinsk State Agricultural University
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the procedure for the develop-ment and operation algorithm of the specialized regulatory and reference database “Sowing equipment for tilled and vegetable crops” which contains a description and tech-nical characteristics of domestic and foreign precision seeders (their units and assemblies) for tilled and vegeta-ble crops in the system precision and zero agriculture. The main function of the program is the accumulation and sys-tematization of information on sowing equipment for tilled and vegetable crops with the possibility of interactive search, filtering and comparison of results. The structure of the database being developed has been determined; it includes 4 blocks: a graphical interface; control algorithms; data management; control components and general pur-pose components. Taking into account this structure, the stages of creating a database are determined: analysis of real world objects for the implementation of the modeling process, selection of tables and fields that are capable of identifying each object, designing relationships between tables and setting referential integrity rules. The developed software solves the following tasks: searches according to the main characteristics of sowing equipment for tilled and vegetable crops; forms an initial set of characteristics and their limit values; implements sorting and filtering of search results; provides the ability to select from the table-list a specific instance of equipment with the output of detailed information; provides the ability to select from the table-list of several copies of equipment for their detailed compari-son; provides personalized access to entering and modify-ing information in the database. The advantage of using the developed database is its regular replenishment; at the moment the information volume (content) is: for mechanical seeders -23 items; pneumatic seeders -78 items; “direct sowing” (“zero” farming) equipment -10 items.
The Birthright of Economic Liberty
Authors: Carpenter II Dick M.
Published: December 2021

Economic liberty—the right to earn an honest living—is one of the most important rights of free people. Over time, this right has been restricted by unnecessary laws and regulations. Legislators should govern from a presumption of liberty. Applied practically, this means legislators should presume individuals have the right to practice their chosen occupations free from government regulation unless and until systematic evidence shows this right must be curtailed to protect the public.
Visions of God
Authors: Forster Regula
Published: December 2021

Is man capable of ever seeing God? In Qur’an 7,143 Mose’s request of seeing God is denied: »Said He, ›Thou shalt not see Me; but behold the mountain - if it stays fast in its place, then thou shalt see Me.‹ And when his Lord revealed Him to the mountain He made it crumble to dust; and Moses fell down swooning.« (Arberry’s translation) Departing from this passage, this paper discusses whether other passages of the Qur’an imply a vision of God by Muhammad. Furthermore, some glimpses into the prophetic tradition (ḥadīṯ) and into Muslim theology show aspects of the discussion whether God might be seen by Muhammad or by just any believer and whether a vision of God in this world or in the after-world is thought to be (in)feasible, probable or certain.
Childhood Obesity in Public and Private Middle School Students
Authors: Altaf Faiza , Sabeeh Awan Somiya , Naaz Uzma , Riaz Saba , Ayub Rahat , Ilyas Tamkana
Published: December 2021

Background: Obesity is defined as the syndrome in which excessive fat deposits in the adipose tissues, which affects the normal functioning of the body. Childhood obesity is the great challenge these days. In Pakistan recent study on children 10-15 years of age shows high prevalence of childhood obesity. The present study will help to inform the community regarding the frequency and percentage of overweight and obese children in middle standard schools. Objective: Objective so this study were to identify the recent estimate of frequency of obesity in middle school students in year 2017 and then to compare the frequency of obesity in public and private sector schools. Material and methods: This Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 2 private schools of Sahiwal and 2 government schools of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. About 324 children (81 from each school) were recruited randomly and interviewed about their physical activities. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Children were distributed in different BMI group and obesity as assessed. Results: The mean age of children in government school was 13.01 ± 1.09 years while in private school was 12.75 ± 1.08. 50% were females from government school and 50% from private school. 50% were male students from government school and 50% from private schools. The mean BMI of participants was 18.48 ± 3.36 kg/m2 in government school while 20.14 ± 3.66 kg/m2 in private school. When frequency of government and private school was compared results shows that out of 162 students from each school, 13 (8%) in government schools and 24 (14.8%) in private schools are overweight, while 8 (4.9%) in government schools and 17 (10.5%) in private schools are obese. Conclusion: High frequency of obesity and over weight in children of middle schools was noted. This frequency is greater in students of private schools both males and females as compared to students of government schools both males and females. Keywords: Obesity, school going Children, private school, government school, body mass index, height, weight
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Risk Markers (Fibrinogen & Gamma Glutamyl Transferase) in Obese Males
Authors: Khaliq Shagufta , Ali Roomi Mudassar , Naz Shaheena , Iqbal Komal , Imran Ashraf Muhammad , Saeed Muniza
Published: December 2021

Aim: To determine and compare gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and fibrinogen among obese males with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Second objective was to investigate correlation between blood pressure and GGT. Methodology: Sixty-four obese males aged 20-45 years with BMI > 25kg/m2 were included by convenience sampling. The study was conducted, after obtaining ethical approval from IRB, at the Department of Physiology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore from August 2014 to May 2015. Participants having acute or chronic inflammatory conditions were excluded. Participants were screened for OSA by Berlin and STOP BANG questionnaires. Diagnosis of OSA was made by overnight portable pulse oximetry. The participants were divided into two groups. Group I had 32 obese males with OSA. Group II contained 32 obese males without OSA. After an overnight fasting of 10-12 hours blood samples were drawn. Serum fibrinogen and GGT were measured by spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed using SPSS-22. Quantitative variables were compared between the two groups by Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation was used to correlate blood pressure and GGT among the participants. Results: Fibrinogen was significantly raised (p=0.015) in obese males with OSA. Systolic blood pressure (p=0.003), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and mean arterial blood pressure (p<0.001) showed strong positive correlation with GGT in obese males with OSA. Conclusion: Proinflammatory, procoagulant and proatherogenic marker fibrinogen levels were significantly raised in obese otherwise healthy males with OSA. Oxidative stress marker GGT showed strong positive correlation with blood pressure in obese males with OSA. Keywords: Fibrinogen, gamma glutamyl transferase, inflammation, obstructive sleep apnea, oxidative stress
To Study the Electroencephalogram Changes in Children with Acute Encephalitis
Authors: Ali Nasreen , Hussain Hina
Published: December 2021

Aim: To study the electroencephalogram changes in children with acute encephalitis. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The cases were admitted from OPD and emergency over duration of 10 months from May2009 to March 2010 in Children Hospital PIMS, Islamabad. Method: Patients with Cerebral Palsy, Degenerative Brain disease, Cerebral Malaria and Meningitis were excluded. Written informed consent was taken from parents /guardians. All patients, from both genders, age varying from 4 months to 12 years, fitting the criteria of Acute Encephalitis according to ICD 9 & 10 were included in the study, which were 56 in total. All cases had Lumbar puncture and Cerebro Spinal Fluid examination. The findings of pleocytosis (WBC count more than5 u/l), protein and sugar were recorded. EEG (Electroencecephlogram) was done in 52 patients, frequencies and percentages were calculated of the findings. Results: The mean age was 4. 6 years, (varying from 4 months to 12 years) with a standard deviation of 3. 2. From a total of fifty six patients, 38(68%) were males and 18(32%) females. All cases presented with fever (100%). Cerebro Spinal Fluid examination, showed Pleocytosis in 30(54%) while 46(46%) had normal cell count. Cerebro Spinal Fluid protein content was normal in 45(80%) and increased in 11(20%). Cerebro Spinal Fluid sugar was normal in 50(89%) and 6(11%) had low. Electroencephalogram was done in fifty-two patients out of which 30(58%) were normal, 22(42%) were abnormal. Intermittent slowing was found in 17(77%) and 5(23%) cases had focal discharges along with intermittent slowing, out of which three were unilateral temporo-frontal discharges, two cases had other focal discharges on EEG. Conclusion: In patients with Acute Encephalitis, slowing of the rhythm was the most frequent abnormal Electroencephalogram finding, followed by focal discharges in children admitted in Children’s Hospital PIMS, Islamabad. Keywords: Acute Encephalitis, Electroencephalogram (electro encephalogram), Cerebro Spinal Fluid Pleocytosis, Fever
Spectrum of Histopathological Lesions in Cholecystectomy Specimens at Pak Red Crescent Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Faisal Muhammad , Rizwan Qadir Muhammad , Usman Aslam Muhammad , M. Shah Syed Tahir , Hussain Khan Abid
Published: December 2021

Objective: To study the spectrum of histopathological lesions found on surgically resected gallbladder to quantify the various abnormalities in gallbladder specimen. Methodology: A descriptive observational study was carried out from Nov 2017 to Oct 2021. All the patients undergoing emergency and elective cholecystectomy regardless of age and sex were included in the study. After cholecystectomy, gallbladder specimen along with history and ultrasound findings was sent for histopathology to our own institution. Department of histopathology has the standardized method to process the gallbladder specimens. Demographic data along with diagnosis, ultrasound finding and histopathology report were collected and analyzed with Excel 2019. Results: Total number of patients in this study was 395, out of which 93 patients were male and 302 patients were female. Average age of our patients was 43.05± 13 years. Acute calculus cholecystitis was found in 55 (13.92%) patients, 298 (75.44) patents had chronic calculus cholecystitis, empyema was found in 15 (3.80) patients, cholestrolosis was found in 5 (1.27%) patients, gallbladder polyp was found in 02 (0.51%) patients, gangrenous gall bladder was found in 01 (0.25%) patient and adenocarcinoma in situ was found in 01 (0.25%) patient. Conclusion: Our study shows that, chronic cholecystitis is the most common presentation followed by acute cholecystitis in surgically resected gallbladders. Females are predominantly suffering from the gallbladder diseases. The frequency of malignant lesion was very low. Keywords: Gallbladder-histopathology, Acute Cholecystitis, Chronic Cholecystitis, Gallstones.
Spinal Myoclonus after Sub-Arachnoid Block
Authors: Shaikh Mamoona , Ahmed Jamil , Shaikh Kauser , Khan Shahid , Nabi Mmeon Ghulam
Published: December 2021

Spinal myoclonus is a rare and less known sequel e after central neuraxial blocks and hereby we present a case of 68 yrs old lady undergoing removal of infected femur implant under sub-arachnoid block (SAB), developing myoclonus after the procedure ended but before regression of block. It was treated successfully with an infusion of lignocaine and magnesium sulphate. The patient was called in for follow-up after one week and had no any complains thereafter. Keywords: Spinal myoclonus, sub-arachnoid block, neuraxial block
Avaliação do estudante com deficiência intelectual: acompanhamento do processo de aprendizagem ou legitimação de aprovação automática
Authors: Tartuci Dulcéria , Almeida Rosiney Vaz de Melo
Published: December 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar o processo de avaliação de estudantes com deficiência intelectual matriculados no ensino regular, na sala de aula comum, com vista a efetivação da aprendizagem inclusiva destes estudantes. É parte de uma pesquisa em mestrado, cujo escopo é a construção de conhecimento e o letramento ancorado na perspectiva histórico-cultural que alicerça as discussões dos dados produzidos que apontam para uma realidade em que o processo de avaliação efetivamente não contempla e não evidencia o nível real de aprendizagem dos estudantes como deficiência e não é visto como diagnóstico necessário à construção de caminhos a serem trilhados em favor do desenvolvimento acadêmico que supere conceitos de não aprendizagem valorizando a socialização como desenvolvimento do estudante com deficiência.
As dificuldades relacionadas à interpretação da linguagem algébrica no 8º ano
Authors: Souza Raimundo Gomes de , Rodrigues Elim de Almeida , Andrade Jucely Silva de
Published: December 2021

Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida, afim de contribuir para o ensino e a aprendizagem da álgebra no 8º ano do ensino fundamental. Nosso objetivo foi identificar e analisar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos do 8º ano, em relação á linguagem algébrica. Nessa pesquisa tivemos como sujeitos os alunos de uma turma do 8º ano do ensino fundamental, de uma escola localizada no município de Abaetetua/Pa. Foi dividida em três etapas, onde na primeira fez-se um levantamento bibliográfico do surgimento da álgebra e das possíveis dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos relacionados à linguagem algébrica; na segunda etapa foi aplicado, aos sujeitos da pesquisa, um teste com seis questões envolvendo equações do 1º grau e por fim foi feita a análise dos registros dos alunos, as quais foram separadas em quatro categorias: não usaram incógnitas para resolver as questões; dificuldades no uso de incógnitas; dificuldades na interpretação dos problemas propostos; dificuldade no cálculo operacional aritmético. Além dessas categorias, alguns registros dos alunos foram analisados separadamente peculiaridades na resolução.
Complicaciones de la vacuna BCG y tratamiento indicado registrado en la web en el período 2009-2019.
Authors: González Isamar , Solano Roidy , Velasco Asdrúbal
Published: December 2021

Describir las complicaciones secundarias de la vacuna BCG y el tratamiento indicado en lactantes, registradas en la base de datos PubMed, Scielo y Redalyc desde el 2009 al 2019. Metodología: estudio de tipo descriptivo, documental y retrospectivo correlacional. La población quedó conformada por 64 casos clínicos encontrados a partir de datos secundarios de una matriz de categorías. Resultados: El 73,4% de los estudios de casos fueron reportados en PubMed en los cuales la infección diseminada por BCG destacó con 26,5%; la osteítis según Scielo, fue la más común con un 7,8%; siendo la misma en Redalyc, con 4,7%. Las causas de complicación reportadas en PubMed, fue la inmunodeficiencia con un 43,7%; Scielo reveló la misma con 6,3% y Redalyc, reportó 9,4% sin descripción de la causa. En relación al protocolo que se derivó post vacuna, PubMed registró el 23,4% de los estudios con antituberculosos como tratamiento de primera línea; Scielo reportó el mismo protocolo en 4,7% de los casos, al igual que en Redalyc, pero su incidencia fue de 3,1%. Conclusión: los portales biomédicos PubMed, Scielo y Redalyc son de gran importancia como medio de divulgación para investigaciones documentales retrospectivas, demostrado en este caso, resaltando la infección diseminada por BCG y la osteítis, ameritando cuidados y tratamiento para su resolución; la causa de mayor complicación registrada fue la inmunodeficiencia y, el uso de medicamentos antituberculosos de primera línea fueron los reportados en los tres portales, rectificando los efectos secundarios del Etambutol (E) en lactantes, por lo que es sustituido por la Estreptomicina (S).
Localización y gestión de recursos bibliográficos para la investigación
Authors: Sánchez Eduardo
Published: December 2021

La localización y gestión de los recursos bibliográficos para el desarrollo de una investigación, representa uno de los aspectos fundamentales en el éxito de los resultados esperado. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir de forma sucinta, aspectos relacionados con algunas herramientas y aplicaciones digitales existentes para la búsqueda, gestión, calidad bibliográfica y documental, basada en la formación transversal online organizada por la Escuela de Doctorado de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España
Acceso a la cultura y derecho de autor en internet: eficacia del derecho internacional.
Authors: Carrasco Janny
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar el impacto de los tratados internacionales relacionados con el acceso a la cultura y el derecho de autor, en consonancia con las necesidades de acceso a la cultura en internet. Se inicia con el análisis general del acceso a la cultura y sus aspectos más generales para posteriormente investigar su relación con los instrumentos internacionales sobre derecho de autor y específicamente como ellos se vivencian en el ámbito digital. Este estudio es poco usual desde el ámbito internacional, lo que posibilita determinar las implicaciones de este fenómeno en un contexto social complejo, colocando ejemplos prácticos de varias legislaciones nacionales y su diálogo con los instrumentos internacionales.
Monitoreo del proceso de afectación del páramo andino venezolano a través de un análisis multitemporal.
Authors: Araujo Jesús , Molina Yolanda
Published: December 2021

La investigación midió el proceso de afectación del páramo andino venezolano mediante un análisis multitemporal del indicador ‘cobertura vegetal de páramo andino intervenida’, usando imágenes Landsat 7 de los años 2006 y 2012, y Landsat 8 del año 2016, que abarcan el municipio Rangel del estado Mérida, como parte de un sistema de indicadores de gestión diseñado en el marco del Plan de Acción para la Conservación del Páramo Andino Venezolano. Los resultados muestran una disminución de 538,69 ha de superficie de páramo andino, a consecuencia de intervenciones entre los años 2006 y 2016. Adicionalmente, se identificó un incremento de 426,08 ha de la superficie de selva nublada montano alta, ocupando áreas previamente dominadas por vegetación de páramo, debido al avance altitudinal de los bosques andinos en las vertientes húmedas posiblemente como consecuencia del cambio climático.
Venezuela: Tierra de Gracia, paisajes y riquezas inmutables.
Authors: Boada Ceres , Delgado María
Published: December 2021

La caracterización de la situación económica y social tiende a ser considerada como el factor dominante en los cambios y transformaciones que se requieren para que los países puedan enrumbarse por los caminos del desarrollo y, por el contrario, se observa una fuerte predisposición a desestimar sus condiciones geográficas. En ese sentido, es conveniente replantearse cómo las bases naturales pueden afectar el proceso de desarrollo, no sólo por la única presencia de riquezas asociadas a esas bases existentes en un país y que bien pueden potenciar y fortalecer las oportunidades. También, por el hecho de estar ausente aspectos vinculados a condiciones geográficas particulares, los cuales pudieran haber incidido en la exacerbación de limitantes que no fueron tomadas en cuenta a los fines de superarlas.