bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Potential Distribution of the Malaria Vector Anopheles (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in Arid Regions of Northern Chile
Authors: Valderrama Lara , Ayala Salvador , Reyes Carolina , González Christian R.
Published: May 2021

The extreme north of Chile presents a subtropical climate permissive of the establishment of potential disease vectors. Anopheles (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis is distributed from the south of the United States to the north of Argentina and Chile, and is one of the main vectors of malaria in Latin America. Malaria was eradicated from Chile in 1945. Nevertheless, the vector persists in river ravines of the Arica and Tarapacá regions. The principal effect of climate change in the north of Chile is temperature increase. Precipitation prediction is not accurate for this region because records were erratic during the last century. The objective of this study was to estimate the current and the projected distribution pattern of this species in Chile, given the potential impact due to climate change. We compiled distributional data for An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis and constructed species distribution models to predict the spatial distribution of this species using the MaxEnt algorithm with current and RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, using environmental and topographic layers. Our models estimated that the current expected range of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis extends continuously from Arica to the north of Antofagasta region. Furthermore, the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 projected scenarios suggested that the range of distribution of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis may increase in longitude, latitude, and altitude limits, enhancing the local extension area by 38 and 101%, respectively, and local presence probability (>0.7), from the northern limit in Arica y Parinacota region (18°S) to the northern Antofagasta region (23°S). This study contributes to geographic and ecologic knowledge about this species in Chile, as it represents the first local study of An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis. The information generated in this study can be used to inform decision making regarding vector control and surveillance programs of Latin America. These kinds of studies are very relevant to generate human, animal, and environmental health knowledge contributing to the “One Health” concept.
Mental Health Help-Seeking and Associated Factors Among Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China
Authors: She Rui , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Zhoubin , Li Jinghua , Xu Jingdong , You Hua , Li Yan , Liang Yuan , Li Shan , Ma Lina , Wang Xinran , Chen Xiuyuan , Zhou Peien , Lau Joseph , Hao Yuantao , Zhou Huan , Gu Jing
Published: May 2021

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak in China has created multiple stressors that threaten individuals' mental health, especially among public health workers (PHW) who are devoted to COVID-19 control and prevention work. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental help-seeking and associated factors among PHW using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (BMHSU).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 9,475 PHW in five provinces across China between February 18 and March 1, 2020. The subsample data of those who reported probable mental health problems were analyzed for this report (n = 3,417). Logistic and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of predisposing, enabling, need, and COVID-19 contextual factors with mental health help-seeking.

Results: Only 12.7% of PHW reported professional mental help-seeking during the COVID-19 outbreak. PHW who were older, had more days of overnight work, received psychological training, perceived a higher level of support from the society, had depression and anxiety were more likely to report mental help-seeking (ORm range: 1.02–1.73, all p < 0.05) while those worked in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were less likely to seek help (ORm = 0.57, p < 0.01). The belief that mental health issues were not the priority (64.4%), lack of time (56.4%), and shortage of psychologists (32.7%) were the most frequently endorsed reasons for not seeking help.

Conclusions: The application of BMHSU confirmed associations between some factors and PHW's mental health help-seeking. Effective interventions are warranted to promote mental health help-seeking of PHW to ameliorate the negative impact of mental illness and facilitate personal recovery and routine work.
COVID-19 and Regional Income Inequality in China
Authors: Shen Jianfu , Shum Wai Yan , Cheong Tsun Se , Wang Lafang
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 and social distancing policies on regional income inequality. We base our study on a sample of 295 prefecture (and above) cities in 31 provinces in China. A distribution dynamics approach is employed to reveal the trend and movement of disposable income per capita in each city before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the period when the COVID-19 was under the control. The findings reveal significant negative economic consequences of the COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020 and show that most cities will converge to a level of disposable income which is much less than the Pre-COVID level if the COVID pandemic persists. Regional income inequality has intensified in the cities that have a longer duration of stringent social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and disappeared in the cities with policies of short duration. Disposable income per capita for urban residents recovered quickly when the transmission of coronavirus was effectively contained; and yet the impact of the pandemic on rural residents remains unresolved, if not intensified. This study demonstrates a significant divergence of the trend of disposable income across cities with different durations of social distancing policies and between urban and rural residents. It also highlights the importance of stringent social distancing policies in containing the spread of virus in a short time and calls for special policy attention for rural regions in the recovery from the COVID-19.
Compromised DNA Repair Promotes the Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells With an Aging-Related Phenotype and Responsiveness
Authors: Pieren Daan K. J. , Smits Noortje A. M. , Imholz Sandra , Nagarajah Bhawani , van Oostrom Conny T. , Brandt Renata M. C. , Vermeij Wilbert P. , Dollé Martijn E. T. , Guichelaar Teun
Published: May 2021

Decline of immune function during aging has in part been ascribed to the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and decreased T-cell responses with age. Aside from changes to T cells that occur over a lifetime, the impact of intracellular aging processes such as compromised DNA repair on T cells remains incompletely defined. Here we aimed to define the impact of compromised DNA repair on T-cell phenotype and responsiveness by studying T cells from mice with a deficiency in their DNA excision-repair gene Ercc1. These Ercc1 mutant (Ercc1−/Δ7) mice show accumulation of nuclear DNA damage resulting in accelerated aging. Similarly to wild-type aged mice, Ercc1−/Δ7 mice accumulated Tregs with reduced CD25 and increased PD-1 expression among their naive T cells. Ercc1-deficiency limited the capacity of Tregs, helper T cells, and cytotoxic T cells to proliferate and upregulate CD25 in response to T-cell receptor- and IL-2-mediated stimulation. The recent demonstration that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) may impair DNA repair lead us to hypothesize that changes induced in the T-cell population by compromised DNA repair may be slowed down or reversed by blocking mTOR with rapamycin. In vivo dietary treatment of Ercc1−/Δ7 mice with rapamycin did not reduce Treg levels, but highly increased the proportion of CD25+ and PD-1+ memory Tregs instead. Our study elucidates that compromised DNA repair promotes the accumulation of Tregs with an aging-related phenotype and causes reduced T-cell responsiveness, which may be independent of mTOR activation.
Simulating Properties of “Seasonal” Variability in Solar Activity and Space Weather Impacts
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , McIntosh Scott W. , Wing Simon
Published: May 2021

Solar short-term, quasi-annual variability within a decadal sunspot-cycle has recently been observed to strongly correlate with major class solar flares, resulting into quasi-periodic space weather “seasons.” In search for the origin of this quasi-periodic enhanced activity bursts, significant researches are going on. In this article we show, by employing a 3D thin-shell shallow-water type model, that magnetically modified Rossby waves can interact with spot-producing toroidal fields and create certain quasi-periodic spatio-temporal patterns, which plausibly cause a season of enhanced solar activity followed by a relatively quiet period. This is analogous to the Earth’s lower atmosphere, where Rossby waves and jet streams are produced and drive global terrestrial weather. Shallow-water models have been applied to study terrestrial Rossby waves, because their generation layer in the Earth’s lower atmospheric region has a much larger horizontal than vertical scale, one of the model-requirements. In the Sun, though Rossby waves can be generated at various locations, particularly favorable locations are the subadiabatic layers at/near the base of the convection zone where the horizontal scale of the fluid and disturbances in it can be much larger than the vertical scale. However, one important difference with respect to terrestrial waves is that solar Rossby waves are magnetically modified due to presence of strong magnetic fields in the Sun. We consider plausible magnetic field configurations at the base of the convection zone during different phases of the cycle and describe the properties of energetically active Rossby waves generated in our model. We also discuss their influence in causing short-term spatio-temporal variability in solar activity and how this variability could have space weather impacts. An example of a possible space weather impact on the Earth’s radiation belts are presented.
The Micro Hand S vs. da Vinci Surgical Robot-Assisted Surgery on Total Mesorectal Excision: Short-Term Outcomes Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Zeng Yijia , Wang Guohui , Li Zheng , Lin Hao , Zhu Shaihong , Yi Bo
Published: May 2021

Objective: To compare the operation mode and clinical short-term outcomes of the Micro Hand S and the da Vinci surgical robot, we chose total mesorectal excision (TME) as the standard procedure for its good reflection of robot-assisted surgery advantages.

Methods: We collected a total of 54 consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted TME by two surgical robots from January 2016 to October 2020. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to create balanced cohorts of Micro Hand S group (n = 14) and da Vinci group (n = 14). Robotic installation and operation time, hospital and surgery costs, and intraoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were compared.

Results: In terms of robotic installation time, the Micro Hand S robot took longer than the da Vinci robot (24.2 ± 9.4 min vs. 17.1 ± 5.1 min, P < 0.05). As for the costs, the Micro Hand S group had lower total hospital costs (87,040.1 ± 24,676.9 yuan vs. 125,292.3 ± 17,706.7 yuan, P < 0.05) and surgery costs (25,772.3 ± 4,117.0 yuan vs. 46,940.9 ± 10,199.7 yuan, P < 0.05) than the da Vinci group. There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in other indicators, including total operation time, robotic operation time, blood loss, time to first liquid diet, time of getting out of bed, and hospital stay.

Conclusion: The Micro Hand S enables patients with rectal cancer to enjoy lower medical costs of robotic surgery.

Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02752698]
Impact of Nematode Infections on Non-specific and Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity in Dual-Purpose or Layer-Type Chicken Genotypes
Authors: Daş Gürbüz , Auerbach Monika , Stehr Manuel , Sürie Christian , Metges Cornelia C. , Gauly Matthias , Rautenschlein Silke
Published: May 2021

Nematode infections may induce immune-modulatory effects and influence host-immune responses to other pathogens. The aim of the study was to investigate whether a mixed nematode-infection influences non-specific and vaccine-induced humoral immunity against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), and Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV) in already vaccinated hens of a dual-purpose (Lohmann Dual, LD) or a layer genotype (Lohmann Brown Plus; LB). Until 17 weeks-of-age, LD (n= 70) and LB (n= 109) hens were vaccinated against major bacterial and viral diseases and coccidiosis. At 24 weeks-of-age, the hens received either a placebo or an oral inoculation of 1,000 infectious eggs ofA. galliandH. gallinarum. Plasma total immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes (IgY, IgM, IgA) levels and vaccine-induced antibody titers against NDV, IBV, and AMPV were determined from 2 to 18 weeks post-infection (wpi). Infections had no suppressing effect on total Ig isotypes IgY, IgM, and IgA as well as on vaccine-induced antibody titers against NDV, IBV, and AMPV (P> 0.05). Overall, LB hens had higher levels of IgY, IgM, and IgA than those of LD hens (P< 0.05). There were no differences between IBV titers of the two genotypes (P> 0.05). Independent of infection status of the hens, NDV titers were higher in LB hens than in LD hens at wpi 2 (P< 0.05), but not in following weeks (P> 0.05). Uninfected LD hens had lower AMPV titers than their infected counterparts at 6 and 14 wpi (P< 0.05). Regardless of nematode infection, LD hens revealed a higher risk of responding weak to vaccination against NDV (odds ratio = 5.45;P= 0.021) and AMPV (odds ratio = 13.99,P< 0.001) than did LB hens (P> 0.05). We conclude that nematode infections have no adverse effects on non-specific and vaccine-induced humoral immunity in either genotype. LB hens have higher levels of total immunoglobulin isotypes than LD hens. Except for IBV, vaccine-induced humoral immune responses show a dependency on genotype. Dual-purpose hens show lower responsiveness to vaccinations against NDV and AMPV, possibly due to factors associated with increased body fat reserves in this genotype.
Percepción de la comunidad con respecto al Plan Regional de Acción Ambiental (2017-2021). Caso Región Ucayali- Callería- Perú
Authors: Ortega Casique Ederlinda
Published: May 2021

La globalización en que vivimos ha generado que los países del mundo estén preocupados en temas ambientales y sus consecuencias. El Perú no es una excepción es por ello, el objetivo del presente artículo pretende la mejora del Plan Regional de Acción Ambiental (2017- 2021). Caso Ucayali-Callería- Perú; propone acciones para fortalecerla. Estudio de enfoque cualitativo, básico, método hermenéutico, diseño estudio de caso, mediante la entrevista y el Focus Group, utilizando la guía semiestructurada, validado por expertos investigadores; se transcribió, codificó, analizó, categorizó y ordenó. Según la revisión y análisis basado en las Líneas estratégicas, se encontró, que del total de acciones solo una está dedicada a las comunidades nativas siendo insuficiente y no inclusiva; con planificación lenta, acciones temporales y presupuesto insuficiente. Las subcategorías emergentes del estudio, Herencia territorial, Asociatividad y Bien común, permitió proponer acciones desde propiciar el cambio de mentalidad en las comunidades nativas; implementar canales de comunicación necesarios en promover sus productos y servicios como resultado de la asociatividad con el empresariado en los proyectos productivos con involucramiento de los actores, sin presionar los sistemas ecológicos naturales existentes, para lograr el desarrollo con dignidad y solidaridad en las comunidades nativas.
Efectos en el nivel de impulsividad-reflexividad a partir de un Programa de Intervención Educativa
Authors: Carbajal LLanos Yvana Mireya
Published: May 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar la efectividad de la aplicación de un Programa de Intervención Educativa en el nivel de impulsividad-reflexividad en un grupo de estudiantes del 3° grado de educación Primaria. El enfoque utilizado fue cuantitativo, de tipo experimental, diseño cuasi experimental. La muestra de estudio fueron 40 estudiantes, que cursaban el 3° tercer grado del nivel primario; de los cuales 20 pertenecieron al grupo experimental y 20 al grupo control a quienes se les aplicó previamente el Test de Emparejamiento de Figuras Familiares Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) de Cairns y Cammock como criterio de apareamiento y el Programa PIAAR-R de Gargallo para la fase experimental. El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos, permitió comprobar la efectividad del Programa de Intervención Educativa al decrementar el nivel de impulsividad, el tiempo de latencia se incrementa y se disminuye el número de errores en un grupo de estudiantes del 3° grado de Educación Primaria.
Análisis de los intereses moratorios en una empresa constructora
Authors: Gardi Melgarejo Victoria , Arroyo Osorio Gerardo , Moreno Rodríguez Rosa Ysabel
Published: May 2021

El estudio se realizó con el objetivo de estudiar los elementos que inciden en el pago de los intereses moratorios, por lo cual es transcendental que las áreas implicadas en la práctica administrativa y financiera, posean el conocimiento contable y tributario. La investigación se desarrolla bajo el enfoque cualitativo, se hizo la recopilación de datos a través de las entrevistas a 5 trabajadores,  con la respectiva guía de entrevista compuesta por seis preguntas alineadas a las sub categorías, permitiendo obtener una idea más amplia y más objetiva referente a los diferentes procesos que desarrolla la entidad, y mejorando  factores claves que permiten que los efectos sean más precisos y concisos, luego se realizó la triangulación  de los datos con el apoyo del software Atlas ti 8, en los resultados se pudo considerar que tanto los tributos, contraprestaciones con el estado y las sanciones administrativas inciden de forma directa en el pago de los intereses moratorios, en el sentido de que, cada impuesto que no era abonado  genera intereses moratorios por día, así como había impuestos con multas por no ser abonadas, esto sucedía a menudo en la empresa constructora por la falta de preparación del colaborador del área de administración y finanzas, y la inadecuada comunicación entre las áreas implicadas,  la importancia de no considerar el pago de estos impuestos en sus flujos.
Estrategias post Covid-19: Desafíos para las empresas exportadoras de productos tradicionales
Authors: Ulloa-Barre Nerissa Mischell , Fajardo-Loayza Viviana Alexandra , González Illescas Mayiya Lisbeth , Solórzano-Solórzano Sandra
Published: May 2021

En el contexto del comercio internacional, la crisis sanitaria desatada por el COVID-19, ha influenciado en las actividades laborales y en el ambiente de negocios. La capacidad de adaptación de las empresas exportadoras cobra mayor importancia para defender su permanencia en el mercado. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar estrategias que permitan a las empresas exportadoras adaptarse a las transformaciones derivadas del COVID-19. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, con la aplicación de los métodos teóricos analítico-sintético para analizar y caracterizar las estrategias empresariales y los desafíos comerciales. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que la diversificación de mercados, de proveedores, la digitalización de operaciones y el comercio electrónico han sido las estrategias más recomendadas para enfrentar la crisis sanitaria. Se concluye que, si bien estas estrategias no cubren todas las necesidades de las empresas exportadoras, pueden servir de referente para robustecer el aprendizaje en un escenario inesperado que ha afectado de forma desigual a las empresas alrededor del mundo.
Capacidades Organizacionales en las Empresas de Manufacturas de Cuenca – Ecuador
Authors: Mejía Matute Silvia Raquel , Pinos Luzuriaga Luis Gabriel , Proaño Rivera Wazhington Bladimir , García Galarza Erika Belén
Published: May 2021

La industria de manufacturas en el Ecuador debe enfrentar el reto de ser más competitiva incrementando su productividad, lo cual requiere una organización empresarial capaz de gestionar eficazmente los recursos, los procesos, y obtener resultados que le permitan aprender y evolucionar.  Para ello, se requiere conocer la organización empresarial interna que permita proponer estrategias. Entonces, la pregunta es: ¿cuáles son las principales características de las capacidades organizacionales de las empresas manufactureras de Cuenca? Para responder a esta pregunta se aplicó una encuesta utilizando el método probabilístico para determinar la muestra. Se analizaron los datos utilizando estadísticas descriptivas como el método de diferencias y el método de componentes principales para establecer categorías de las capacidades organizativas. Se obtuvo que las empresas manufactureras de Cuenca en promedio le dan un valor de 86.5 % a sus capacidades organizativas y son las grandes las que presentan mayores fortalezas.  Los recursos humanos y tecnológicos son importantes en las empresas, pero no suficientes para construir capacidades en las organizaciones, se requiere de coordinación, gestión y control para mantener operativa una tecnología, ampliar los mercados, responder a estrategias para mejorar la producción y disminuir los costos.
Chorwacja wobec Inicjatywy Trójmorza
Authors: Zenderowski Radosław , Skobejko Karolina
Published: May 2021

The article raises the topic of Croatia’s place and role in the Three Seas Initiative (3SI). The aim of the article is: (a) showing the relationship of the main political forces to the 3SI; (b) an indication of the scale of interest in this project from national analytical centers; (c) analysis of the reasons for involvement or reserve and distance to the Three Seas Initiative; (d) analysis of the role attributed or expected in the Three Seas Initiative; (e) analysis of the perception of other states – participants of the Three Seas Initiative; (f) analysis of integration projects competing or complementary to the Three Seas Initiative which are or may be of importance for Croatia; (g) to show the attitude of the government in Zagreb to the execu-tive/intergovernmental dimension being developed; (h) an indication of the threats and opportunities identified by the Croatian authorities for the Three Seas Initiative; (i) analysis of the perception of 3SI’s relations with the European Union; (j) analysis of the perception and assessment of the policy of third countries towards the Three Seas Initiative (from the Zagreb perspective). The structure of the article follows the above-mentioned goals.
Autonarración y recuperación del sentido en víctimas de abusos sexuales
Authors: Patrizi Patrizia
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo se centra en la experiencia de abuso sexual sufrido en el seno de la familia, en las dimensiones implicadas en el sufrimiento en edad adulta y en las posibles formas de tratamiento.
Los terapeutas familiares y el abuso sexual: reflexiones sobre un cambio de perspectiva
Authors: Malacrea Marinella
Published: May 2021

Analizando los casi 20 años de experiencia terapéutica en situaciones de abuso intrafamiliar se describen los cambios principales de pensamiento y práctica y las nuevas orientaciones en el tratamiento. Juegos relacionales, sexualidad, secreto, entre otros conceptos, se recontextualizan de acuerdo con un modelo complejo de comprensión de las familias incestuosas.
La “indagación reflexiva” sobre episodios y situaciones problemáticas: una técnica de terapia cognitiva descrita desde una perspectiva de análisis cognitivo-conversacional
Authors: Lenzi Silvio , Bercelli Fabrizio
Published: May 2021

Después de ilustrar brevemente los marcos teóricos de la metodología utilizada, el artículo propone el análisis cognitivo-conversacional de parte de una sesión inicial de un proceso terapéutico, realizada por un terapeuta cognitivista experto. El fragmento de la sesión concierne a la reconstrucción de una situación problemática en el trabajo. Por medio del análisis se identifican las características de algunas fases importantes de la sesión, y sus relaciones con las formas de organización de los sistemas de memoria activados en el transcurso de la conversación. Los datos conseguidos permiten describir algunos aspectos técnicos de conducción de la sesión, así como formular hipótesis acerca del proceso terapéutico.
Análisis cualitativo de un proceso psicoterapéutico asistido por atlas/ti
Authors: Quiñones Bergeret Álvaro T.
Published: May 2021

La siguiente investigación es una exploración de caso único centrada en material textual. El objetivo es ilustrar un tipo de análisis cualitativo de escritos del cliente, denominadas tareas narrativas escritas, para valorar el cambio en psicoterapia. Se utilizó un tipo de análisis de contenido llamado “análisis temático secuencial”, que se fue construyendo a medida que se iba desarrollando el proceso psicoterapéutico. Se utilizó el software ATLAS/ti como herramienta hermenéutica de ayuda para el análisis.
La perspectiva sistémica de la violencia: una perspectiva ética
Authors: Mc. Conaghy John S. , Cottone R.Rocco
Published: May 2021

La teoría de sistemas ha sido criticada por numerosas escritoras feministas que sentían que ésta no se aproximaba adecuadamente a las cuestiones de la violencia y la dominancia masculina en las familias. Este escrito argumenta que la teoría de sistemas describe el mundo desde una perspectiva “exógena”-el mundo científico de la naturaleza, que es intrínsecamente amoral. En el mundo exógeno la causalidad es circular, tal como la naturaleza mantiene un sistema que ha sobrevivido billones de años. Bateson consideró que “la mente”se encontraba dentro del sistema de la naturaleza, implicando con ello que la mente también debe ser amoral. Sin embargo,, la mayoría de las personas ven el mundo desde una perspectiva “endógena”, una construcción personal de la realidad moldeada por el entorno en el que viven, y que inevitablemente incorpora lo moral. Los humanos creen que la violencia está mal, pero no por razones intelectuales, sino por razones morales. Se presentan aquí las implicaciones para la terapia. Se adopta una posición posmoderna o constructivista como una manera de conocer la influencia que tienen las relaciones sobre los problemas y sobre la definición de los problemas, mientras que se permite que se extienda un consenso moral o social en la iniciativa terapéutica.
¿Víctima o victimario?. Un caso de agresión en el contexto de una relación homosexual
Authors: Conesa Susana
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el tema de la violencia desde la perspectiva del agresor, el cual se considera a su vez víctima en el marco de una relación homosexual.
El espejo roto
Authors: Azorín Eva
Published: May 2021

Este artículo trata sobre los problemas en las relaciones afectivas de una mujer de 26 años, cual es su demanda cuando va al terapeuta, que sintomatología tiene, donde surge la estrutura del conflicto y los objetivos terapéuticos.
Fundamentos filosóficos del psicólogo humanista
Authors: Davidson Larry
Published: May 2021

Desde la perspectiva de la historia del pensamiento occidental, el humanismo es una filosofía basada en la creencia de que el ser humano es irreductible a otras formas de vida, ya sea material o Divina. Por el hecho de que la psicología humanista tenga sus raíces en la tradición humanista, comparte esta convicción de que el ser humano no puede ser entendido excepto en sus propios términos. Este artículo revisará los precedentes filosóficos de esta perspectiva en la naturaleza del funcionamiento humano, y considerará entonces si los frutos de la labor humanística- psicológica en los últimos 35 años han sostenido o no las promesas de su teoría.
Una aproximación constructivista a la anorexia nerviosa: ¿tienen sentido los síntomas?
Authors: Gismero González Elena , Godoy Delard Manuel Antonio
Published: May 2021

Partiendo de una reflexión sobre el significado personal y social de la anorexia, desde una perspectiva constructivista, esta investigación tiene como objetivo indagar sobre el sentido de la anorexia nerviosa en las mujeres que la padecen; los significados subyacentes a la inanición autoimpuesta. Se plantea que la comprensión de los sistemas de constructos personales de las anoréxicas puede mostrar una determinada experiencia de la realidad, y desvelar la constitución de una particular identidad que puede dar sentido a este síntoma. Para construir un mapa de significados en la Anorexia Nerviosa se aplican Rejillas, tratadas estadísticamente mediante Record 4.0, pero analizadas cualitativamente (mediante la Teoría Fundamentada Empíricamente). Los resultados muestran que se obtienen categorías relevantes de constructos, donde se expresan inconsistencias entre su estilo de relación con su medio social, su percepción del mundo y la percepción de sí mismas, dando lugar a un modelo explicativo.
El Análisis de la Demanda
Authors: Carli Renzo
Published: May 2021

La demanda es una noción que resume las motivaciones que llevan a una persona al psicólogo clínico y las simbolizaciones afectivas con las que se representa idealmente esta relación. El artículo propone un análisis de la dinámica que caracteriza esta relación. Se considera el análisis de la demanda como una fase fundamental del proceso de conocimiento y diagnóstico sobre la que se basa la intervención psicológico-clínica.
Apego y exploración en la patogénesis de las fobias
Authors: Sassaroli Sandra , Lorenzini Roberto
Published: May 2021

Utilizando la metáfora del hombre como científico, el artículo considera las implicaciones cognitivas en el origen de las fobias, desde un punto de vista epistemológico. La inhibición de la actividad exploratoria, como efecto de una construcción amenazante de la misma, lleva a restringir progresivamente tanto el desarrollo del sistema cognitivo, como el del contacto con el mundo exterior, sintomatología característica de las fobias.
¿Hace la formación profesional más eficaz a un terapeuta?
Authors: Berman Jeffrey S. , C. Norton Nicholas
Published: May 2021

La investigación sobre los procesos de cambio es necesaria para ayudar a explicar cómo la psicoterapia produce cambio. Para explicar los procesos de cambio sería importante medir tres tipos de resultados —inmediato, intermedio y final— y tres niveles de procesos —actos de habla (speech acts), episodio y relación—. Sería necesario poner énfasis en la especificación de diferentes episodios de cambio intra-sesión y en los resultados intermedios que ellos producen. Debe abandonarse la suposición de que todos los procesos tienen el mismo significado (a pesar del contexto), y es necesario desarrollar una investigación del proceso que sea sensible al contexto. Los actos de habla deben contemplarse en el contexto de los tipos de episodios en que ocurren, y los episodios contemplarse en el contexto de los tipos de relación en que se producen. Este enfoque debería conducir a la utilización de una batería de instrumentos para medir patrones del proceso terapéutico en el contexto y para relacionarlos con el resultado.
Psicoterapia y protocolos de tratamiento desde un punto de vista constructivista
Authors: Manjón González Javier
Published: May 2021

Este texto plantea el papel y sentido de los protocolos de tratamiento en la psicoterapia. Esta tarea requiere una definición de la psicoterapia como tarea en la que tanto el terapeuta como el cliente son agentes activos. La tarea del terapeuta no es tanto manejar los problemas del cliente como orientar la actividad de este en direcciones que le permitan un mejor manejo de esos problemas. Esta tarea puede ser acotada a través de diversas conceptualizaciones, mapas y esquemas de acciones. Pero no puede ser definida bajo la idea extrema de protocolo como secuencia prefijada de acciones del terapeuta, que sería el referente ideal en términos metodológicos al posibilitar la replicación y se adecua a la filosofía de la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia al concebir la psicoterapia como una técnica que funciona de modo análogo a un fármaco, pero encaja mal con el comportamiento del cliente como agente activo.
Estrategias de afrontamiento y resiliencia como factores mediadores de duelo complicado
Authors: Bermejo José Carlos , Magaña Marisa , Villacieros Marta , Carabias Rosa , Serrano Inés
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es describir el tipo de afrontamiento que desarrolla (centrado en las emociones, centrado en el problema y búsqueda de trascendencia) una muestra de personas en duelo complicado (DC), su nivel de resiliencia y estudiar la posible correlación entre afrontamiento y resiliencia. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional sobre una muestra de 130 personas en situación de duelo complicado con datos recogidos mediante autoinforme en un centro de escucha o acompañamiento de duelo. Resultados: media de edad 56 años, 76% mujeres, 24% hombres. Media de duelo complicado 41.28 sobre 76. Media de afrontamiento total 2.66 (afrontamiento centrado en los problemas 2.56; en emociones 2.22 y en búsqueda de trascendencia 3.21) todas ellas sobre 4. Media de resiliencia 4.49 sobre 7. Correlaciones significativas (alfa=0.01) encontradas: los tres factores de la escala con la puntuación afrontamiento total: con afrontamiento centrado en emociones Pearson: 0.591; en los problemas Pearson: 0.703 y con búsqueda de trascendencia Pearson:0.711. Entre factores afrontamiento centrado en problemas y búsqueda de trascendencia Pearson: 0.287. Entre DC y afrontamiento centrado en emociones Pearson: 0.448. Entre resiliencia y afrontamiento centrado en los problemas Pearson: 0.328 y con búsqueda de trascendencia Pearson=0.192. Conclusión: La resiliencia aparece de forma natural y frecuente ante el DC. Ésta se asocia con afrontamiento centrado en problemas y búsqueda de trascendencia, mientras que el DC se asocia con afrontamiento centrado en emociones.
El enfoque centrado en la persona: vigente y pujante
Authors: Segrera Alberto S.
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se pasa revista al estado actual de consolidación del «enfoque centrado en la persona» en las distintas partes del mundo, particularmente a la expansión experimentada en estos últimos años en América Latina
Estimating Farm Wheat Yields from NDVI and Meteorological Data
Authors: Vannoppen Astrid , Gobin Anne
Published: May 2021

Information on crop yield at scales ranging from the field to the global level is imperative for farmers and decision makers. The current data sources to monitor crop yield, such as regional agriculture statistics, are often lacking in spatial and temporal resolution. Remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs) such as NDVI are able to assess crop yield using empirical modelling strategies. Empirical NDVI-based crop yield models were evaluated by comparing the model performance with similar models used in different regions. The integral NDVI and the peak NDVI were weak predictors of winter wheat yield in northern Belgium. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield variability was better predicted by monthly precipitation during tillering and anthesis than by NDVI-derived yield proxies in the period from 2016 to 2018 (R2 = 0.66). The NDVI series were not sensitive enough to yield affecting weather conditions during important phenological stages such as tillering and anthesis and were weak predictors in empirical crop yield models. In conclusion, winter wheat yield modelling using NDVI-derived yield proxies as predictor variables is dependent on the environment.
Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Intercropping with Spring Barley and with White Clover: Benefits and Competitive Effects
Authors: Luhmer Katharina , Blum Hanna , Kraska Thorsten , Döring Thomas , Pude Ralf
Published: May 2021

Poppy seed production is susceptible to abiotic and biotic stress and weed infestation, which introduces the risk of total crop failure. For the purpose of risk minimization, poppy was grown in additive intercropping systems with early and late sown white clover and spring barley sown at three different densities in a three year field trial to assess their roles in poppy cropping while adding ecological benefits to the crop rotation. Poppy yielded between 798.7 and 1293.1 kg ha−1, with no significant yield effects of intercropping with white clover, compared to poppy sole-cropping. Dry matter, height, leaf area index and C/N ratio of the poppy plants were not significantly impacted by the clover intercrop either, independent on its sowing date. Higher poppy yields (695.6–918.8 kg ha−1) and LERs (1.11–1.84) in the poppy–barley intercrop were achieved in 2018 and 2020 compared to 2019 (≤361.5 kg ha−1, LER ≤ 0.99), mainly due to differences in seeding dates, precipitation and nutrient availability. Therefore, previous seeding of poppy limits competition when intercropped with barley while white clover and poppy can be sown at the same time. The effect of barley seeding densities on the intercrop performance was small as was the influence of intercropping on weed cover, number and biomass. The weed regulating effect needs to be further examined, however, we conclude that intercropping of poppy is a promising strategy for its cultivation, in terms of minimizing the risk of total yield losses when precisely managed.
Changes in Diarrhea Score, Nutrient Digestibility, Zinc Utilization, Intestinal Immune Profiles, and Fecal Microbiome in Weaned Piglets by Different Forms of Zinc
Authors: Oh Han-Jin , Park Yei-Ju , Cho Jae , Song Min-Ho , Gu Bon-Hee , Yun Won , Lee Ji-Hwan , An Ji-Seon , Kim Yong-Ju , Lee Jun-Soeng , Kim Sheena , Kim Hyeri , Kim Eun , Lee Byoung-Kon , Kim Byeong-Woo , Kim Hyeun , Cho Jin-Ho , Kim Myung-Hoo
Published: May 2021

Twenty weaned piglets with initial body weight of 6.83 ± 0.33 kg (21 day of age, LYD) were randomly assigned to four treatments for a two-week feeding trial to determine the effects of different dietary zinc on nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and microbiome of weaned piglets. The dietary treatments included a negative control (CON), standard ZnO (ZnO, 2500 ppm), zinc chelate with glycine (Chelate-ZnO, 200 ppm), and nanoparticle-sized ZnO (Nano-ZnO, 200 ppm). At 0 to 1 week, the diarrhea score was decreased in the CON group compared with the ZnO, Chelate-ZnO, and Nano-ZnO group. In overall period, the ZnO and Nano-ZnO groups exhibited improved diarrhea scores compared to the CON group. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy was the lowest in the CON group after one week. Compared to the ZnO group, the chelate-ZnO group exhibited higher proportion of T-bet+ and FoxP3+ T cells and the nano-ZnO group had higher numbers of RORgt+ and GATA3+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. ZnO group increased IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the colon tissues and these positive effects were observed in both chelate ZnO and nano-ZnO groups with lower level. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the relative abundance of Prevotella was higher in the ZnO-treated groups than in the CON group and that of Succinivibrio was the highest in the nano-ZnO group. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased in the ZnO group. In conclusion, low nano-ZnO levels have similar effects on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and intestinal immune profiles in weaning pigs; thus, nano-ZnO could be used as a ZnO alternative for promoting ZnO utilization and intestinal immunity.
Identification of Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare Issues by Industry Stakeholders
Authors: Mactaggart Glen , Waran Natalie , Phillips Clive J. C.
Published: May 2021

Identifying key welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could lead to an improvement in standards. A lack of scientific information on the relative importance of key issues was addressed by soliciting the views of, first, welfare experts in the industry and, second, a broader group of stakeholders, who selected the best welfare options by adaptive conjoint analysis. The experts represented racehorse breeders, veterinarians, trainers, owners, government officials, salespeople, farriers, transporters, and horse re-trainers for post-racing activities. In a focus group meeting, the experts identified fourteen key welfare issues, each with two to four levels that related to common husbandry practices. Then, in an internet survey, 224 stakeholders ranked the issues using adaptive conjoint analysis, in declining importance, as: horsemanship > health and disease > education of the horse > track design and surface > ventilation > stabling > weaning > transport > nutrition > wastage > heat and humidity > whips > environment > gear. Relatively uniform responses to the survey by the different stakeholder groups suggested that there was a common view on what had the biggest impact on welfare. An exception was a greater rating given by women than men to the importance of correct horse nutrition. The rating of importance for welfare of different levels of provision of each issue mostly conformed to the scientific evidence, with the exception of weaning. This understanding of the importance of welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could be used to target interventions to the most serious problems.
Effectiveness of a New Recombinant antiGnRH Vaccine for Immunocastration in Bulls
Authors: R. Huenchullan Paula , Vidal Sonia , Larraín Rafael , Saénz Leonardo
Published: May 2021

Castration by surgical techniques is common in livestock; however, post-surgery complications and concerns for animal wellbeing have created a need for new non-invasive alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate immunocastration in bulls using antigen GnRX G/Q; a recombinant peptide proved to be effective in laboratory and companion animals. A nine-month trial with 80 9-month-old Normand x Hereford bulls, kept in a pastured system, was conducted. The herd was divided in half with 40 bulls surgically castrated (SC) and 40 castrated by immunization against GnRH (IC). The antigen was injected on days 0 and 40 of the experiment. After the second dose, the IC group had elevated GnRH antibodies and decreased testosterone levels (below 5 ng/mL) that were maintained for 23 weeks. At slaughter on day 190, the immunocastrated group obtained a higher weight, hot carcass, and dressing percentage than the SC group. There was no difference in pH, color of meat, fat coverage, cooking loss, or tenderness between groups. The bulls showed no inflammatory reaction at the injection site or adverse side effects from the vaccine. Our results demonstrate that immunocastration with GnRX G/Q is an efficient and safe alternative to surgical castration in livestock. Additional work evaluating antigen effects over a longer period is needed to validate commercial viability.
Can Dogs’ Origins and Interactions with Humans Affect Their Accomplishments? A Study on the Responses of Shelter and Companion Dogs during Vocal Cue Training
Authors: Fonseca Maria Luiza A. , Vasconcellos Angélica S.
Published: May 2021

The inclusion of life history as a possible influential factor is pivotal in studies on behavior, welfare, and cognition. Shelter dogs have usually experienced a life involving poor social interactions with humans. Thus, we aimed to investigate the behavioral responses of shelter dogs (SDs) and companion dogs (CDs) during the training of two vocal cues (“sit”, “paw”), as well as the possible associations between their responses and the behaviors of trainers. We studied 15 SDs and 15 CDs in up to eight five-minute training sessions. Dogs’ and trainers’ behaviors were recorded and analyzed (through GLM, GLMM, correlation and Mann–Whitney tests). Shelter dogs responded to more cues per session, with shorter latencies and fewer repetitions of cues. Moreover, SDs spent more time wagging their tails. Dogs’ sex and trainers’ behaviors were also associated with differences in dogs’ responses. The use of a reproachful tone of voice was associated with a greater number of cues responded to, shorter latencies, and fewer repetitions of cues. However, this type voice/discourse was also linked to a greater exhibition of non-training behaviors (e.g., exploring the room or jumping on the trainer), and to dogs spending less time next to the trainer and wagging their tails. On the other hand, the use of a neutral tone of voice and laughter, besides being linked to performance, was also associated with longer durations of tail wagging. Furthermore, the duration of the trainers’ orientation to dogs was correlated with the orientation of the dogs to the trainers. Our data suggest that, even when having experienced social deprivation from humans, SDs’ capacities to learn vocal cues were preserved, possibly due to ontogenic homeostasis processes. Shelter dogs’ greater interest in the sessions may be also credited to their socially-deprived routine. Our outcomes also point to an association between friendly interactions during training and dog performance and excitement, which suggests that such interactions may have the potential to improve SD welfare.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Working Equid Community: Responses from 1530 Individuals Accessing NGO Support in 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Wild Isabella , Gedge Amy , Burridge Jessica , Burford John
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic was declared on 11 March 2020. The working equid community includes some of the world’s most marginalised people, who rely on animals for their daily lives and livelihoods. A cross-sectional study investigated the effects of COVID-19 on working equid communities, with the intention of developing methods for replication in future unprecedented events. A multi-language survey was developed, involving 38 predominantly closed questions, and carried out face-to-face, over telephone, or online. There were 1530 respondents from a population of individuals who received support from equid welfare projects across 14 low- or middle-income countries projects during November and December 2020. Overall, at the time of survey completion, 57% (875/1522) of respondents reported that their equids were working less, 76% (1130/1478) reported a decreased monthly income from equids, and 78% (1186/1519) reported a reduction in household income compared to pre-pandemic levels. Costs of equid upkeep remained the same for 58% (886/1519) of respondents and 68% (1034/1518) reported no change in the health of their equid. The potential long-term impacts on human and equid welfare due to reported financial insecurities necessitates monitoring. A One Welfare approach, involving collaboration with governments, humanitarian, and animal welfare non-governmental organisations is required to mitigate deep-rooted issues.
In Ovo Injection of GABA Can Help Body Weight Gain at Hatch, Increase Chick Weight to Egg Weight Ratio, and Improve Broiler Heat Resistance
Authors: Ncho Chris-Major , Goel Akshat , Jeong Chae-Mi , Youssouf Mohamed , Choi Yang-Ho
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to explore the outcomes of an in ovo GABA injection in broilers challenged with HS. In Experiment 1, 210 Arbor Acres eggs were allocated to five treatments: no-injection, and in ovo injection of 0.6 mL of 0%, 5%, 10%, or 20% of GABA. Hatchling weight and CWEWR were significantly increased in the 5% GABA group. In ovo, injection of 10% GABA solution caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and increased plasma total antioxidant capacity of hatchlings. Experiment 2 was conducted with 126 fertile Arbor Acres eggs distributed into one of two groups. At 17.5 days of incubation, one received no injection, and the other was fed 0.6 mL of 10% GABA. On day 10, one subgroup (4 replicates * 3 birds) from each treatment was submitted to HS (38 ± 1 °C for 3 h) while the other was kept at a thermoneutral temperature (29 ± 1 °C). An in ovo injection of GABA significantly increased total antioxidant capacity, but reduced malondialdehyde levels, hepatic mRNA levels of HSP70, FAS, and L-FABP with HS. In conclusion, an in ovo GABA injection improves CWEWR and antioxidant status at hatch, and enhances antioxidant status while downregulating the expression of HSP70 and fatty acid metabolism-related genes in young chicks under HS.