bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a method of engagement in healthy fitness of strength direction with women 21–35 years old
Authors:   Sumy Makarenko State Pedagogical University, Dubynska Oksana , Rybalko Petro ,   Sumy Makarenko State Pedagogical University, Goncharenko Olha ,   Sumy Preschool Educational Institution (Nursery-Kindergarten) No. 39 "Teremok", Вondarenko Olena ,   Sumy State University, Yashchenko Kyrylo ,   Hlukhiv Military-Patriotic Club "Courage"
Published: September 2023

The content and structure of strength-oriented health fitness classes with women aged 21–35 have been developed to improve physical condition indicators and form long-term motivation for systematic classes. Methods: analysis and summary of scientific and methodical literature, analysis of self-esteem and motivation of women, pedagogical experiment. An analysis of the scientific literature on the impact of strength-based fitness group classes on the functional state of women of the first mature age was performed. The main criteria of physical culture and health motivation for strength-oriented fitness classes were determined: “appearance”, “health”, “psychological comfort” and “social status”. The methodology developed by us was implemented in two directions: health and psychological, which solve the main tasks of the physical culture and health process. When conducting the classes, generally accepted methods of physical education were used in combination with non-standard methodical techniques, such as: individualization of the volume and intensity of the load in the process of training classes taking into account the somatic type in one working group, independent assessment of the performance of one’s own motor actions, psychological techniques aimed at increasing self-esteem and motivation of women for systematic classes, as well as achievement of set goals.
Historiography of the problem of motherhood in scientific research in Ukraine late XX – early XXІ century
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Stynska Viktoriia , Oleksiuk Marta ,   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University
Published: September 2023

This article provides a historical analysis of the category «motherhood» in Ukrainian scientific research late XX – early XX century. The following research methods were used as part of the study: systematic analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific, educational and professional literature, theoretical and structural clarification methods of conceptual installations. On the basis of references, the author reveals the essence of the category of «motherhood» and expounds the author’s definition as a category of social education: motherhood is a social and cultural phenomenon that requires the support of social education from the state, society, and society. The main task of institutions and families is to examine wishes and needs and help create the conditions necessary to ensure mothers' rights to health care, education, work and full self-realization. It is characteristic that history allows us to identify the challenges, issues and norms associated with motherhood and how they have changed over time. The study found that in references to the social domain, the category “motherhood” was considered from the perspectives of the biological (reproductive function), social (educational function) and legal domains. In the scientific literature, the category “motherhood” is the subject of analysis in philosophical, medical, legal, sociological, pedagogical, and psychological studies. The author presents her own ideas for a mother-centred approach, at the heart of which is to channel social and educational support at the macro, meso and micro levels to create the conditions for the fulfillment of mothers' rights in society and within the family. It concludes that historical research on motherhood addresses the role of motherhood in history, shifting conceptions of motherhood, and the psychological, socio-educational, economic, sociocultural, medical, legal, and political aspects of motherhood across time and context.
Fitness technologies as a means of increasing motor activity and physical fitness of students of higher education
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Shynkarova Olena
Published: September 2023

Fitness technologies are a new social phenomenon, which consists in the regular use of various types of organized health-improving motor activity and a moderate amount of exercise by students during physical education classes or independently with the aim of restoring physical and mental capacity, preserving health and improving the quality of life. Modern programs on the use of fitness technologies in the educational process of institutions of higher education are aimed at increasing the interest of students in physical culture and involving them in systematic physical exercises, contribute to the optimization of the process, which increases the level of physical fitness of students, forms a complex of motor and personal needs and abilities, which are the basis of the individual competencies of both the acquirer and the teacher, in accordance with the requirements of educational and professional activity. As a result of the research, the fitness program “Fitness Body Strong” was developed and it was experimentally proven that the fitness program is one of the means of increasing motor activity and physical fitness of students in higher education institutions, aimed at forming the needs for physical improvement and self-improvement of students. Fitness technologies provide diversity and efficiency in the physical training of students of higher education institutions.
Program and regulatory support of professional training of professional junior bachelors in physical culture and sports
Authors:   Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Horbenko Kateryna
Published: September 2023

Modern trends in the development of the education system are characterized by a clear formulation of requirements for graduates of educational institutions within the framework of training. The program and normative support is the Law of Ukraine “On Physical Culture and Sports”, the National Doctrine of the Development of Physical Culture and Sports, the State Targeted Social Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports for the Period Until 2020, Regulations on the Organization of Physical Education and Mass Sports in Higher Education Institutions, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Ukraine dated January 11, 2006, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1045 dated December 9, 2015, and others. Training of professional junior bachelors in physical culture and sports should be carried out in accordance with the program content implemented at all levels of education. Physical education, being a pedagogical process, is aimed at the formation of theoretical knowledge, abilities and skills in performing motor actions, at the development of physical qualities that ensure positive dynamics of physical development and physical fitness.
The use of modern fitness means in the process of physical training of cadets
Authors:   Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs, Zubchenko Liudmyla , Golik Volodymyr ,   Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs
Published: September 2023

The article focuses on physical training of cadets – future employees of the National Police of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to determine the expediency of using modern fitness means (taibo aerobics) to improve the process of physical training and increase the level of motional activity of future officers of the National Police of Ukraine. That is why training classes with the help of modern types of fitness give advantages in comparison with the traditional form of classes for the development of coordination, strength and general endurance of future law enforcement officers. Tai-bo aerobics is a rather specific type of fitness, which is a synthesis of aerobics and eastern martial arts, in which western and eastern approaches to improving the body have merged together. The essence of tai-bo classes lies in the implementation of a strong training effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which leads to an increase in endurance, work capacity, and the general tone of the body. Due to the active work of the body, twisting and bending of the body, the function of the glands of internal secretion is activated, improves the function of the gastrointestinal tract. A large number of complex coordinated movements with hands and feet develops flexibility, dexterity, improves coordination of movements, increases the stability of the vestibular apparatus. The training program for physical training of cadets using tai-bo exercises includes a significant arsenal of basic aerobics steps and physical exercises from boxing and kickboxing and an almost unlimited number of their modifications and combinations, provides an opportunity to select the necessary movements and strikes, based on the tasks for each classes and the level of physical fitness of those who do them. For the development of coordination, general and strength endurance, complexes of exercises involving the main muscle groups of cadets are most often used. It has been proven that the inclusion of tai-bo exercises in the program of physical training of cadets, firstly, contributes to the improvement of sports results, creates a competitive spirit that motivates regular physical exercises; secondly, physical qualities are improved – strength, dexterity, flexibility, as well as power endurance, speed coordination, explosive power; thirdly, the work does not require specialized sports halls and specialized sports equipment; fourth, the variety of training, variability (tai bo includes the maximum variety of exercises).
Stress resistance as a professionally significant trait of a future physical education and sports specialists in the context of modern changes
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Otravenko Olena , Dubovoi Oleksandr ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Goncharenko Volodymyr ,   Sumy State University
Published: September 2023

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that with the introduction of martial law due to russian aggression, the problem of stress resistance of the individual in Ukraine is becoming increasingly important. For future specialists in physical education and sports, this is a professional trait that significantly affects the state of spiritual, mental and social health and professional well-being of teachers and coaches, a high level of self-esteem, their desire for changes, active self-development and self-realization. The purpose of the article is to perform a systematic analysis of scientific sources on the problem under study and to identify the factors and psychological aspects of the development of stress resistance as a professionally significant personality trait of a future specialist in physical education and sports in the context of martial law and modern challenges. Thus, trainings, workshops on new types of physical activity, analysis of pedagogical situations, as well as various types of physical activity and competitions are held at the Educational and Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports during practical classes on the theory and methods of physical education in order to prevent stress and reduce anxiety, overcome emotional stress of students, show endurance and tact prior to productive practice. Therefore, stress resistance of a future specialist in physical education and sports is a complex (integral) property of a personality that provides a high level of self-regulation, the ability to withstand stress, resist the negative impact of stress factors in order to maintain mental, spiritual and social health and to some extent depends on the psychological well-being of the individual and their life experience. This is facilitated by analyzing pedagogical situations, conducting trainings, webinars and workshops, evaluating stress management methods and the ability to withstand stressful situations during the war and in modern conditions.
Correlation between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, lactate levels, and clinical outcomes in on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors:   Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand., Chotimol Phatiwat , Sayasathid Jarun ,   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University Hospital, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand., Thatsakorn Kanthachat ,   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University Hospital, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand., Thapmongkol Siraphop ,   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University Hospital, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand., Thawnashom Kittisak ,   Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.
Published: September 2023

Background: On-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) causes myocardial damage and hypoperfusion. However, it is unknown how varied timings of combining serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and lactate levels in on-pump CABG surgery would affect clinical outcomes. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate serum hs-cTnI and lactate levels and their influence on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with on-pump CABG. Materials and methods: Eleven coronary artery disease (CAD) patients were included for on-pump CABG surgery. The biomarkers were collected at four stages of onpump CABG: before sternotomy (T0, pre-cardiopulmonary bypass (pre-CPB)), 5 minutes before aortic cross-clamp of CPB (T1, preaortic cross-clamp), after aortic cross-clamp (T2, postaortic cross-clamp), and 24 hrs post-surgery in an intensive care unit (T3, ICU at 24 hrs). Results: Correlation analysis revealed that during the study period, average hs-cTnI is positively associated with lactate levels (r=0.775, p=0.005). However, 24 hours after surgery, lactate levels return more quickly than hs-cTnI levels. The average hs-cTnI and lactate levels were positively correlated with CPB time and aortic clamp time. Regarding clinical outcomes, average hs-cTnI, and lactate levels were positively associated with a length of ICU stay (r=0.717 and 0.612, p=0.013 and 0.045, respectively). However, only the lactate levels were associated with ventilator support time (r=0.674, p=0.023). Conclusion: We demonstrated that hs-cTnI and lactate levels are important markers of myocardial injury in association with hypoperfusion during on-pump CABG, and it could be used to monitor the postoperative outcome.
An Advanced Robotic System for Precision Chemical Thinning of Apple Blossoms
Authors: Mu Xinyang , Hussain Magni , He Long , Heinemann Paul , Schupp James , Karkee Manoj , Zhu Minghui
Published: September 2023

Highlights

A cartesian robotic spraying system was developed for precision apple blossom thinning.

Flower clusters were detected and localized with deep learning model for target spraying.

A communication algorithm was developed for positioning the spray end-effector to the target flowers.

The cartesian robotic system greatly reduced chemical usage while maintaining thinning effectiveness in the final green fruit set.

Abstract. Crop thinning, including blossom thinning, is one of the critical management strategies that determines the annual profitability of apple orchards. Challenges still remain for applying appropriate amounts of chemical thinner; if thinning is inadequate and too many fruits remain on the tree, fruit size will be small, fruit quality will be poor, and flower bud initiation for the following year’s crop may be either reduced or eliminated. Over-thinning also carries economic perils since yield and crop value in the year of application will be reduced. In addition, chemical thinning with excessive spray volume may cause leaf damage and fruit russeting. Thus, a robotic apple blossom thinning system was proposed, aiming to reduce the usage of chemical thinner while maintaining good thinning performance. The robotic system consisted of three major components: (1) a machine vision system that can identify and localize the apple flower clusters in tree canopies, (2) a cartesian robotic system with the guidance of a machine vision system to reach target flower clusters, and (3) a flat-shaped spraying nozzle connected with a solenoid valve as a spraying end-effector to deposit chemical thinner to the targeted flower clusters. A set of field tests was conducted to evaluate the performance of the robotic thinning system by comparing it to conventional air-blast and boom-type sprayers. In the test, the flower cluster detection reached a precision of 93.82%. The integrated robotic system used 2.3 L of chemical thinner to finish the chemical thinning for 18 apple trees, followed by the boom sprayer and air blast sprayer with 4.2 and 6.8 L usage, respectively. The robotic system also obtained an average fruit set of 2.4 per cluster after thinning, which was comparable to that of the air blast sprayer. The results showed that the robotic thinning system saved 66.7% and 45.5% of chemicals compared to the air-blast sprayer and boom-typed sprayers, respectively, while achieving a similar fruit set per cluster. The outcomes of the study provided guidance for developing a full-scale robotic chemical thinning system for modern apple orchards. Keywords: Apple orchard, Blossom thinning, Cartesian robot, Chemical thinning, Machine vision.
O ESVAZIAMENTO DO MÉTODO: UM ESTUDO CRÍTICO DO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Azevedo Farias Zilah Cândida
Published: September 2023

Após vinte anos de atividade de ensino de Língua Portuguesa, em nosso âmbito universitário, avaliamos os modelos linguísticos por nós utilizados na prática de ensino e concluímos que estes muito se distanciam do conhecimento da língua como um fenômeno dinâmico: fazendo-se, transformando-se, no contexto sócio-cultural brasileiro. Apontamos soluções que, acreditamos, sejam satisfatórias para solução dos impasses metodológicos, no conhecimento da língua portuguesa. São, também, essas soluções, esboço de caminhos para atividade da linguística num país de Terceiro Mundo.
Practical Psychology for Policing
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

As contemporary policing becomes ever more complex, so knowledge of practical psychology becomes ever more important in everyday policing encounters, situations, and contexts. This book is written with those new to psychology and/or policing in mind. As such, it provides just enough psychological and policing background knowledge, to provide a suitable context for the ideas to be understood. Further reading is signposted for those wanting to know more about certain topics, theories, and concepts. This book provides examples of how psychological research has informed policing (and vice versa) and suggests how new ways of applying psychological knowledge and research can be of benefit to a range of policing contexts; for example, beat patrols, preventing crime, and using the Self-Selection Policing approach to uncover serious criminality from less serious offences. Looking forward, it is suggested how psychological knowledge, research, and policing might evolve together, to meet the changing challenges faced by contemporary policing. In encouraging critical thinking and practical application, this book is as much essential reading for those working or interested in policing, as those studying for criminology, policing, and psychology degrees and those just wanting to know more about practical psychology and policing.
Psychology and policing: welcome bedfellows?
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides a context for the book. The reader is presented with an idea of the historical relationship between crime, policing, craft, science, and psychology, and how this relationship has evolved. Although not an exhaustive list, some key points where psychological research has interacted with, and indeed influenced, aspects of policing, including offender profiling, the interviewing of suspects and witnesses, and crime prevention, have been highlighted to demonstrate how psychological research can improve police practice.
Self-Selection Policing
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter puts the versatile-offender approach to the sword by introducing the Self-Selection Policing (SSP) approach. A case is made for SSP to be adopted by police as a complimentary way of identifying active, serious criminals, by the minor crimes they commit. The argument made is that a growing body of research shows that police if police are encouraged to adopt the SSP approach into their current ‘policing armoury’, then more active, serious criminals will be uncovered and brought to justice, but that this first necessitates a change in police thinking towards the versatile offender. The chapter concludes with some suggestions for how police can best employ and implement SSP and a checklist is provided to help those interested in conducting SSP interventions of their own.
Psychology, expertise, and improving police officer street-craft
Authors: Roach Jason
Published: September 2023

This chapter begins by exploring the meaning of ‘expert’ before moving to suggest ways in which bringing together a examples of real-world psychology research with some policing expertise can be used to advance routine police practice for all police officers. Like many of the other chapters in this book, it represents merely a start of thinking about how to improve police practice, in this case enhancing police ‘street-craft’, rather than a definitive guide.
Affective labour pains of academic capitalism in crisis
Authors: Zipin Lew , Brennan Marie
Published: September 2023

In Chapter 2 Lew Zipin and Marie Brennan analyse affective disturbances currently experienced by many academics as embedded in university field-based crises of capital accumulation, ultimately linked to a wider crisis of capitalism. They take on the task of clarifying how the key concepts of this book – capitalism, academia and affect – are connected. Working from Marx, they focus on labour as a productive commodity that capitalism exploits to accumulate profit. They emphasise two logics of capital. One is an acute tension, embodied in people’s labours, between use-valued and exchange-valued purposes for their work. The other is a structural necessity, in capital-accumulating institutions, that there will be relationally unequal reward for labours across different workforce positions. To explain how these logics of capital apply in university fields, they take up Bourdieu’s multiplication of ‘the forms of capital’ beyond the economic, and Worsham’s theorisation of affect in ‘late-capitalist’ workplaces. They outline how universities compete for prestige – as symbolic capital – in ways that capitalise on the cultural capital inhering in academics’ dispositions to teach and research.
Performance management: Western universities, Chinese entrepreneurs and students on stage
Authors: Hampel Amir
Published: September 2023

Chinese students who aspire to study abroad are not only worried about their grades. Like many people in China, they often imagine that Westerners are more creative and more confident than themselves, and many businesses and educators profit from these anxieties. Drawing on ethnographic research on educational consulting companies and educational reformers in Beijing, Chapter 11 demonstrates that teaching students to present themselves as passionate and confident is not only a major industry, but also a form of social and cultural activism. Critical scholars have depicted the project of developing psychological capital as a form of investment in the self, while recent studies of social entrepreneurship have critiqued the way it collapses moral issues into market rationalities. I argue that young Chinese entrepreneurs are teaching others how to adapt to international educational markets, and that they are doing so as a social intervention integrating capitalist and nationalist logics. Educational reformers are teaching Chinese students how to become modern subjects by conforming to the affective style of American academia, offering their own careers as models of self-management and self-expression.
Better care, better work? Reablement in Danish home care and the implications for care workers
Authors: Rostgaard Tine , Graff Lea
Published: September 2023

Reablement is introduced with the aim of improving functioning in daily activities for older people, but also has implications for care workers in changing the aim and tasks of the work. Using Danish reablement as a case, this chapter looks into how reablement affects care work.
It is based on qualitative interviews with reablement care workers in two local settings in Denmark in order to unfold their experiences of how reablement has changed their approach to their work and their understanding of quality of care. It also applies representative and national survey data among Danish care workers in order to understand the further implications for the attractiveness of working in the sector.
Results show that the care workers find it attractive to work with reablement. Reablement appears to provide care workers with more professional autonomy and flexibility in the planning of their daily work while they also receive more support and attention from managers. The care workers find that the introduction of reablement enables them to better meet the clients’ individual needs and preferences. The new motivational approaches and working as change facilitators encouraging clients towards achieving independence is found meaningful and professionally rewarding by the care workers. The attractiveness of working with reablement means that they are less likely to want to quit their job.
The results are important, since there is otherwise a high turnover in the home care workforce, and it is difficult to recruit young people to the sector.
Psychology at the Heart of Social Change
Authors: Cooper Mick
Published: September 2023

The aim of this book is to show how psychological ideas and practices can be used to develop a progressive political vision that is comprehensive, coherent, and compelling. Alongside this, the book aims to show how a progressive perspective is fundamentally supported by theory and practices from the psychology field. The book starts by explaining why psychology – as an expression of humanism – has the potential to contribute to progressive politics (Chapter 1). It then looks at one specific attempt to develop a psychology-informed progressivism: socialist humanism (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 presents a more contemporary and in-depth framework for understanding human psychological functioning – based around human needs and wants – that can be smoothly, coherently, and constructively integrated with a progressive perspective. This is extended (Chapter 4) with an account of psychological wellbeing and distress – with a particular focus on wellbeing as cooperation between needs and wants. Chapter 5 demonstrates how this framework reveals parallels between good functioning ’within’ people and between people. Chapter 6 examines how we can get to the ‘good’, proposing common principles of positive change at every level, such as prizing diversity. Applications of these principles, drawn from psychology, are detailed in Chapter 7: positive parenting, nonviolent communication, social and emotional learning, emotionally literate politics, and wellbeing economies. Chapter 8 explores the features of a progressive society for a further future utopia – fictionally illustrated in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 concludes by discussing implications for political strategy and drawing themes together.
A psychology-informed progressivism v1.0: socialist humanism
Authors: Cooper Mick
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the development of the socialist humanist tradition: an international movement that advocated a humanistic psychological reading of Karl Marx’s work. In doing so, this chapter shows the depth, richness, and complexity of analysis that can be achieved by integrating humanistic psychology into a progressive political base, and provides a means of introducing several of the key principles for the present book. A discussion of the limitations of socialist humanism also helps to identify some of the challenges that a psychology-informed progressivism needs to overcome. The chapter begins by discussing the background for the development of socialist humanism: a reaction to totalitarian, dogmatic interpretations of Marx. It then introduces the model of human being that the socialist humanists developed – as agentic, in-the-world, and directional – and how capitalism creates the conditions in which there is alienation from this basic nature. The creation of ‘false needs’ – as articulated by Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, and the Frankfurt School – is then described, and how people can become blinded to this process through ‘false consciousness’. The chapter concludes with limitations of socialist humanism – that it can be elitist; and that it lacks a more in-depth, contemporary psychological understanding – which the present book strives to overcome.
A brief history of policing
Authors: Cunneen Chris
Published: September 2023

We live within institutional arrangements which influence our ways of thinking and responding to the world around us. Those institutions often seem part of the natural order of things – necessary and immovable, defining particular social artefacts as problems and predefining the range of possible responses, reforms, and solutions. The institution of policing is no exception, and its historical weight carries us along well-trodden paths. Instrumental arguments by policymakers, politicians, and police administrators reconfirm the necessity of the police to control crime and to uphold the law, even as a wealth of evidence throws into question the basic claims of these assertions. Indeed, the problems of police violence, ineffectiveness and corruption are as old as the institution of policing itself. It is important to recognise that policing is a socio-historical process that maintains itself for reasons other than controlling crime. The history of policing tells us much about the control and maintenance of social divisions including class, race, gender, disability, and their intersections and about the economic exploitation of labour and political control. The history of policing also alerts us to the use of power, both at the local level and more broadly through macro socio-historical movements of colonialism and imperialism. The history of colonial policing is important to understanding contemporary calls to Defund the Police.
Disabling policing, protecting community health
Authors: Cunneen Chris
Published: September 2023

There is an absence of systematic evidence internationally on the extent of police violence, including lethal violence, against people with disabilities and mental ill-health. However, we know from individual cases and research data that the problem is extensive. Some of the most well-known police killings in the US which spurred the BLM movement involved Black Americans with disabilities, as has also been the case with deaths of Indigenous, Black, and people of colour in Canada and Australia. There is extensive police intervention into the lives of people with mental ill-health and cognitive impairments, and policing is a key part of the disablist processes of state control. The policing of disability is not a new phenomenon, but it has intensified with the neoliberal contraction of social support and the growth of the carceral state. Further, police decisions affecting people with disabilities compound through the carceral system, often justifying more extreme legal measures. As will be evident in this chapter, it is impossible to conceptualise policing without understanding its dis/abling effects. Centring disability is fundamental to the Defund the Police project and abolitionism more generally.
Disaster fundraising: readiness matters
Authors: Scaife Wendy
Published: September 2023

When disaster strikes, fundraising efforts kick in, some of which are better prepared than others. In this chapter, practical and ethical issues in fundraising from the public are examined, considering the factors that promote institutional readiness for response. There is great need and urgency, stakes are high and compounded by heightened visibility and public expectations of transparency, accountability and speedy disbursement of funds – all to be achieved at little or no cost. Ethical issues pervade all of these components. The vestiges of colonialism often imbue philanthropic support in low-income countries with the sense of ‘white saviour benevolence’ and a lack of cultural sensitivity. Fundraisers have a tricky balance between using emotion – the cries of children and images of cuddly animals – to attract donors, and demonstrating respect for affected people and communities.
Nonprofit collaboration and coordination in disaster response: lessons from the 11 September recovery
Authors: Witkowski Gregory R.
Published: September 2023

A key theme of this chapter is the value of collaboration of philanthropic responses and coordination of service provision. Although much has been written about philanthropy associated with the 11 September attacks, this chapter provides novel perspectives in terms of how philanthropy interacted with service provision. The detailed historical analysis documents the effectiveness of the September 11th Fund, a collaboration between the United Way of New York City and the New York Community Trust, and the United Services Group (USG), an independent nonprofit organisation founded by large New York-based human services nonprofits to help victims of the attacks. Having a separate organisation to coordinate service provision gave victims an organisation they trusted. It also allowed service-providing nonprofits to return to their normal activities while programmes serving the special needs of disaster victims were also in place. Although the 9/11 disaster is unique – combining a small geographic footprint with an enormous outpouring of philanthropic support – the September 11th Fund and USG offer a blueprint for more coordinated philanthropic and service provision responses for other types of disasters.
Policy analysis and labour movements in Korea
Authors: Lee Jooha
Published: September 2023

The aim of this chapter is to examine the role of labour movements in the policy process, with a focus on social dialogue in Korea. The chapter first identifies the historical legacies of Korea’s authoritarian developmental state, which are embedded in both industrial relations and the policy process. It then investigates the evolution of social dialogue institutions after the political democratisation of 1987 and the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Particular attention is paid to the interactions between the tripartite actors’ political strategies and institutional arrangements as the keys to understanding the influence of labour on the policy process. Given the labour market polarisation between regular workers in large firms and other forms of labour, social dialogue should be more inclusive in the range of societal groups and interests represented.
Re-democratising and re-politicising
Authors: Riddell Richard
Published: September 2023

This chapter summarises arguments so far about current system weaknesses. It rehearses the need for change, but considers who might want it. It outlines the futility of compete dismantling of current structures and begins to think about how to do it all.
Conclusion: Beginning to return English schooling to the public service
Authors: Riddell Richard
Published: September 2023

The chapter sets out for the final time the importance of immediacy, familiarity and involvement for effective governance and leadership. How democracy is lived in local government. Two illustrative case studies are set out to demonstrate what democratic behaviour could look like. An additional Nolan principle is suggested to encourage it.
Generational masculinities: two generations of Chinese gay men in Hong Kong
Authors: Kong Travis S. K.
Published: September 2023

The research presented in this chapter seeks a dialogue between masculinity studies and generational sexuality studies through comparison of two generations of gay men in Hong Kong: older gay men born before the 1950s and young gay men born after 1990. Using a life course approach, this chapter highlights the sociohistorical and political changes shaping male identity, practice and culture in colonial and postcolonial Hong Kong, and identifies responsibility and respectability as two key dimensions in the construction of Chinese masculinity. It argues that the two generations under study accomplish gay masculinities against changing Chinese masculine ideals and hetero/homonormativities sensitive to different social relations and institutions, as well as engage in constant negotiation with the dominant heteronormative life course and need to manage stigma.
Policy mortality
Authors: Gunter Helen M.
Published: September 2023

Segregated education services are enabled through the use of failure, as policy mortality, that is integral to education policy. Children, professionals, and schools have to experience the fear and actuality of failure for markets and choice to operate. The ERC is a product of and shapes the knowledgeable state, where the Education Policy Knowledgeable Polity projects demonstrate data and analysis in four main themes: Theme 1: System Design; Theme 2: The Workforce; Theme 3: Policy Actors; and Theme 4: Knowledge Production. Policy violence is examined through a focus on problem solving as a form of intelligent violence that is weaponised, calculated, and enacted. While the ERC focuses on what is worth knowing about because it works, in reality this turns schools into deserts.
Recognising and responding to domestic violence and abuse in LGB and/or T+ people’s relationships: towards a ‘relationships services’ approach
Authors: Barnes Rebecca , Donovan Catherine
Published: September 2023

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) affects many LGB and/or T+ people’s relationships, yet victims/survivors rarely seek help from the police or specialist DVA support services. This chapter reports on findings from the ‘Coral Project’, which focused on LGB and/or T+ people’s use of abusive behaviours. Focus groups were conducted with practitioners in what we term ‘relationships services’, working directly or indirectly supporting people with their intimate relationships. The analysis revealed varying conceptualisations of DVA in different practice cultures and an unmet need for support for DVA which falls below the threshold for criminal justice or specialist DVA service intervention. We conclude with recommendations for providing more inclusive and accessible relationships services.
Introduction
Authors: Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

This book focuses on the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic currently dominating the agenda of global, national and local policymakers, from the perspective of the UK. This major public health crisis presents a threat which is impacting adversely on global economic structures, and exacerbating a number of pre-existing wicked issues. These interlinked issues include climate change, racial justice, austerity, housing and homelessness, employment, domestic abuse, human trafficking and modern slavery.
Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic: a sociopolitical perspective
Authors: Hunter David J. , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

It is impossible to understand the devastating impact of the COVID-19 virus across the UK involving significant loss of life, and the government’s much criticised response to it, without applying the lens of a sociopolitical perspective.
A substantial body of evidence exists to show that the virus has had a disproportionate impact on poor communities, and on care homes, reflecting widening health inequalities and the effects of deep public spending cuts since 2010.
This chapter explores many of the core cleavages in health policy, reflecting political and ethical tensions over the balance to be struck, and negotiated, across personal and collective responsibility, across public and private interests, and between the rights of the community and personal freedoms.
Adopting a sociopolitical perspective allows us to identify and explore a range of factors which, taken together, help explain where the government’s handling of COVID-19 has been found wanting.
Three particular policy failures, and the political choices leading up to them, are explored. These comprise the persistence of a command and control approach to handling the crisis, the policy of austerity introduced by the Coalition government in 2010, and the heavy reliance on outsourcing activities to the private sector and management consultants. An agenda for reform going forward is presented to conclude this chapter.
Giving children the best start in life?
Authors: Kunonga Edward , Cooling Victoria , Chireka Brighton , Chawatama Tsitsi , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

In England, over the last 15 years, social care spending on reactive services for children (including child protection and services for looked after children) has increased exponentially, with nearly two-thirds of councils reporting their 2018/2019 children’s social care budget was insufficient to meet actual levels of demand and spending (LGA, 2019). In order to meet these financial pressures, many local authorities have had no option but to cut non-statutory preventative and early intervention services. This has led to massive reductions in critical infrastructure, services and programmes that support the growth and development of children and young people.
Giving children the best start in life has been embraced by many organisations, especially local authorities and local partnerships such as health and wellbeing boards. The pandemic exposed these inequalities, further exacerbating the disadvantage and vulnerability for many children. How we respond to this crisis will either help or further confound the situation.
There is an urgent need for targeted and resourced plans to ensure all children are supported to get over the negative effects of the pandemic. Children paid a huge price in ensuring the pandemic did not result in greater numbers of deaths and even greater demands on health services. It is important, and in line with both intergenerational and redistributive justice, that the price they paid and the associated consequences are made a priority in COVID-19 recovery and future plans. Time will tell whether enough attention, effort and resources have been directed towards giving children the best start in life.
Case study: COVID-19 and governing for health and wellbeing in New Zealand – putting communities at the centre
Authors: McKinlay Peter , Matheson Anna , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 uncovered how fragile New Zealand’s public and community services are for many people. While the health system has so far avoided the worst impacts because of initial success in containing the disease, income, food, education, employment and housing and community support systems have been strained and inequalities amplified. For decades public health has had community health and empowerment at its theoretical core but in New Zealand, our health systems have failed to reach effectively into communities. This failing is replicated throughout the government sector where a highly centralised polity has little experience or tradition of working with communities.
The New Zealand health system is currently undergoing significant reform providing an opportune moment to revisit our social infrastructure and consider options for more effective action to achieve health and wellbeing for all. There is good reason why local government could be a central actor in any transformation to more empowered and resilient communities. But learning from the experiences of other countries while ensuring we also learn from our own context and innovations will be key. Wellbeing needs to be embedded throughout the system. The pandemic has served as a wake-up call and conversations have begun. This chapter explores this potential rethink of relationships in New Zealand between central and local government, and communities.
The changing context of public governance and the need for innovation and creating public value
Authors: Liddle Joyce , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

Globally public services have changed cultures and behaviours more akin to commercial sectors and citizens are no longer passive consumers but empowered individuals who expect state (and non-state) agencies to provide more personalised services and choice increasingly through a wider range of providers. Increased performance requirements and rising citizen demands have led many organisations to develop innovative service delivery mechanisms.
The author argues that creating public and social value is an essential part of a comprehensive approach to transforming and continuous improvement of modern governance and effective public services delivery in response to wicked issues. Relational partnering is the key to achieving public and social value, as it facilitates long-term relationships between public, private voluntary, third sector organisations and other stakeholders.
For many place leaders inequalities in deprived communities can only be addressed by developing integrated and targeted commissioning of local authority services in partnership in response to budget cuts and escalation of vulnerable groups with complex needs.
Relational collaboration and innovation in responding to need and austerity: food banks
Authors: Murdock Alex , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

The concept of food insecurity represents an example of partnership and collaboration across all sectors. Using social innovation approaches, this chapter explores how this takes place using examples from a range of contexts. A framework is offered to illustrate innovation and collaboration which assists in understanding and mapping examples of this.
Case study: Environmental planning in a post-COVID-19 world
Authors: Saunders Nigel , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

Nigel Saunders, Director at Pozzoni Architecture, considers whether recent developments to the procurement of environmental design and construction services, driven by a mixture of new government policies, the national response to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, and ambitions to reach net-zero carbon by 2050, go far enough.
He explores emerging techniques for the assessment of ‘value’ during the procurement of contracts, advocating that there are a wide range of assessment criteria that should form the bedrock of subsequent successful relationships.
With fundamental questions remaining around hidden costs and who should carry the losses associated with tendering processes in construction, design and planning, as well as other key industries such as healthcare, he encourages a sustainable model of public–private relationalism that is focused on transparent partnerships with purpose and longevity.