bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Effects of Spinal Anaesthesia between Sitting and Lateral Positions in Patients Undergoing Hysterectomy Surgery
Authors: Morje Karan , Debnath Manna , Ahmad Akhlaque , Ojha Santosh
Published: January 2022

Aim: The main purpose of this present study is to determine the effects of sitting (S) and lateral (L) position during spinal anaesthesia on patient satisfaction, Post dural puncture headache (PDPH), Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV).

Study Design: Prospective comparative study

Place and Duration of Study: Charusat Healthcare and Research foundation (CHRF), Changa, Gujarat, between September 2021 to November 2021.

Methodology: A total of 50 female volunteers who were above the age of 18 years, had an American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) status of I & II and those who have undergone hysterectomy surgery are included in this study. The patients were categorized into two groups, group S (n=25) and group L (n=25). Patients were asked about PONV 4 hours after surgery and the possibility of PDPH on post-operative days 1 and 2. The study was analysed by using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: When comparing the incidence of PDPH on post-operative day 1 and day 2, there is a statistically significant difference between the Sitting (group S) and Lateral decubitus (group L) groups (P-value= 0.14 and.001). On the other hand, there is no statistical significant difference found for PONV when compared between both the groups (P- value= .776).

Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia with lateral decubitus position has better outcomes than sitting position for the incidence of Post dural puncture headache. However, there is no difference in both groups for PONV.
Pathophysiology of Complication in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vaswani Rohit , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya
Published: January 2022

Blood sugar levels are elevated in diabetes mellitus (DM), the most prevalent metabolic disorder. Insulin deficiency or ineffectiveness is the primary cause of hyperglycemia, affecting carbs and protein, and fat metabolism. Diabetes mellitus can be of two types, type 1 and type 2. Apart from this, a certain amount of people suffers from prediabetes. Type 1 diabetes insulin-dependent dent diabetes happens when the pancreas produces less or no insulin, so these patients require insulin doses frequently. A patient has type 2 diabetes if the cells don’t respond to insulin. This is the most common kind of diabetes and affects 95% of people with diabetes. It is an insulin-independent type of diabetes. Nearly every organ in the body is affected by DM. Microvascular and macrovascular problems are caused by diabetes mellitus. Nephropathy (disease of the kidney), retinopathy (eye damage), and neuropathy (nerve damage) are examples of microvascular complications, whereas macrovascular complications include blood vessels, arteries, and veins, e.g., peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular events, etc. Retinopathy is a visual manifestation of end-organ damage. Neuropathy is of two types: symmetrical and asymmetrical. Symmetrical neuropathy is primarily sensory and autonomic, whereas asymmetrical neuropathy may be sensory, motor, or both. Diabetes is a long-term medical condition, and no medications are available to treat the secondary issues in today’s market; it cannot be cured but may be controlled by a healthy lifestyle. Continuous, frequent glucose hemostasis is critical.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Used for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Authors: Singh Aayushi , Jha Asha
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has lately become the top reason for dementia in the elderly population (usually above 60-65 years). As mentioned before, most AD cases are sporadic and have a late onset. This disease is characterized by impairment of higher cognitive functions like deficits in memory, language comprehension, coordination, etc. The primary pathophysiology behind Alzheimer’s disease is loss of cholinergic innervation due to the formation of neuritic (senile) amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in parts of the brain associated with memory functions. These neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid β plaques can cause the induction of other aetiologies of Alzhedisease-likes like neuroinflammation and central hyperexcitability. The brain's main regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease are the neocortex, the basal nucleus of Meynert, and the hippocampus. These areas are associated with higher cognitive functions like memory, arousal, attention, sensory processing, etc. Thus, cholinesterase inhibitors have been widely used as first-line drug therapy for symptomatic relief in Alzheimer’s disease. They function by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase or catabolizing it and henceforth enhancing synaptic availability of Acetylcholine. The commonly prescribed drugs of this class include donepezil, galantamine, physostigmine, metrifonate, and rivastigmine. This article will discuss the widely used cholinesterase inhibitors (old & new) for managing AD symptoms in detail.
Brain Changing Advantages of Exercise
Authors: Sahu Akshat , Chandi Dhruba
Published: January 2022

Exercise is defined as any activity that causes your muscles to work and your body to burn calories. Physical activity includes swimming, running, jogging, strolling, and dancing, to name a few. Physically and mentally active people have been shown to have various health benefits. It could even help you live a longer life. In this article, we attempt to explain the beneficial effects of exercising regularly on our brain and how this helps with cognitive tasks. We also describe the various neurotrophic neurochemicals that aid in this phenomenon. We then describe the process of neuroplasticity and how exercise can help accelerate this process. Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health. If you're worried about being harmed if you start walking or increase your level of physical activity, it is safe for most people to engage in moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as brisk walking. Reduced emotions of state anxiety (short-term anxiety), increased sleep, and enhanced elements of cognitive performance are some of the benefits of moderate or intense physical exercise on cerebral health that happen immediately after moderate or intense physical activity (acute impact). People who engage in more moderate or intense physical activity generally have better mental processes to gain knowledge and comprehension than those who do not. Improvements in cognition, as well as performance, might be expected. For example, standardized assessments of academic achievement and performance on mental ability tests are examples of neuropsychological testing. Processing speed, memory, and executive function are all factors to consider.
Evaluating the Quality of Life in Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis Patients by WHOQLF-Brief Questionnaire: A Study Protocol
Authors: Talatule Dhiran , Sathawane Ramhari , Gaikwad Romita , Chandak Rakhi , Sayyad Ayesha , Deshmukh Pranada , Sukhdeve Vidyarjan , Thakare Pranali , Singh Simranjeet
Published: January 2022

Background: - Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious inflammatory disease which presents with the clinical presentation of burning sensation, fibrosis which ultimately leads to reduced mouth opening. The quality of life is the perception of an individual on their oral health as well as their well-being. The assessment of quality of life in the patients with OSMF plays an important role in the cessation of the habit.

Aim: - To analyse the quality of life in patients diagnosed with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF).

Study Design: - Cross-Sectional Study

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study will be conducted on 300 diagnosed patients of OSMF. Selection of patients will be done as per the inclusion criteria. The nature and Purpose of the study will be explained to the patients before the data collection.

Results: The results will be evaluated by the statistician after the data collection and the results will be published in the peer reviewed journals.

Improvement in the quality of life in OSMF patients.

Knowledge and awareness regarding the consequences of betelnut in the population of Central India.
Ear Wax and its Impaction: Clinical Findings and Management
Authors: Agrawal Varun , Deshmukh P. T.
Published: January 2022

Cerumen, sometimes known as "earwax," is a natural material that cleans, coats, and smooths the external auditory canal. It is the most common cause of ear canal obstruction. While cerumen blockage of the ear canal is usually painless, it can result in a variety of implications, for example, loss of hearing, tinnitus, overflowing, itching, otalgia, discharge, odour, and cough. Ear wax becomes a concern only when it causes hearing loss or other ear-related ailments. Cerumen build-up can arise for various causes, including an inability to self-clear, overproduction or underproduction of its essential components due to delayed skin movement, or mechanical difficulties such as usage of cotton buds or hearing aids. Wax can obstruct the understanding and view of the tympanic membrane and must be gone for investigative purposes or to take imprints before installing hearing support or creating earplugs. Cerumen impaction is usually innocuous; however, it might be associated with more significant symptoms. The removal of affected cerumen is typically regarded safe. However, as eardrum tear, canal laceration, and unsuccessful ear wax elimination. These dangers can be reduced by recognizing risky individuals and customising care measures to their specific needs. All common cerumen removal strategies are Cerumenolytics (ear wax emollient agents), irrigation, and manual elimination. It is also prudent not to interfere if asymptomatic individuals and tympanic membrane visualization are not required.
Case Report of Maggot Infestation on Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Menaka K. , Jacob Elsa , Kalpana Gladys , Sivakumar T. , Rao Noveena , Devi R. B. Chithra
Published: January 2022

Myiasis is originated from the Greek word, Miya, which means fly.  Fly larva are called maggots. Infestation in humans by maggots is called myiasis. Fly maggots feed on and develop in the tissues of living beings and this condition is known as myasis. The maggot (larvae) invades the skin and subcutaneous tissue is known as Maggot infestation. It was found that farmers who are working in agricultural fields are more susceptible to this infestation. Myiasis symptoms may vary according to the fly type, the number of larvae, and the location of the infected area. Many organs can be infested by these larvae and the most common form is cutaneous myasis. The predisposing factors of cutaneous myasisare cutaneous immobilization, advanced age, poor social conditions, mental retardation, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, vascular occlusive disease, and infected dermatitis as myiasis. Myiasis is more common in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in rural regions where people are in close contact with animals.Myiasisrepresents the fourth most common travel-associated skin disease. Here we report case on 55-year-old female patient was admitted with complaints of diabetic foot ulcer over left foot for 1 and half months and maggots were examined in the wound. The complete blood cell count [CBC] test shows that her HbA1c level was increased to 10.1%. The patient has undergone wound debridement on left forefoot and maggots were completely removed.
Targeted metabolomics reveals novel diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer
Authors: Hu Zuojian , Shen Fenglin , Liu Yang , Zhong Ziqing , Chen Yongling , Xia Zhiyuan , Mo Cuiju , Yu Hongxiu
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, with a high mortality rate due to its complex etiology and limited early screening techniques. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for early detection of CRC utilizing targeted metabolite profiling of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis identified metabolites in PRP collected from patients with CRC (n = 70) and healthy controls (n = 30). A total of 302 metabolites were identified and quantified in this study, including various categories such as lipids, lipid mediators, amino acids, and derivatives, organic acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, alkaloids, carbohydrates, vitamins and derivatives, and others. The differential analysis revealed that five carbohydrates and organic acids (lactose, glycerol‐3‐phosphate, 2−hydroxyglutaric acid, isocitric acid, and citric acid) involved in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway displayed consistent upregulation within PRP derived from patients with CRC. To further validate the abundance of differential metabolites, 10 pairs of CRC tissues, adjacent tissues, and matched PRP were collected. Ultimately, five carbohydrate metabolites were validated in PRP, and compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 19‐9 (CA199), the five carbohydrate metabolites significantly improved the specificity of differentiating patients with CRC from healthy controls. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficacy of the combined five‐carbohydrate metabolite panel was superior to that of individual metabolites, CEA and CA199. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of the metabolite panel in distinguishing patients with CRC from healthy controls were 90.00%, 96.67%, and 0.961 (95% CI 0.922–0.998), respectively. Collectively, metabolomics was used to identify and validate differential metabolites in the PRP of CRC, which may serve as potential early screening markers for patients with CRC.
Reviewing 2024: ODs, same old debates, continue
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2025

As always, ADAW's Preview issue includes this review of stories in the previous year. We couldn't include everything in the 48 eight‐page issues, but rather focus on some significant areas. The dates refer to the issue the articles appeared in. Click on the links for the abstracts.
Periodic Table of Immunomodulatory Elements and Derived Two‐Dimensional Biomaterials
Authors: Rafieerad Alireza , Saleth Leena Regi , Khanahmadi Soofia , Amiri Ahmad , Alagarsamy Keshav Narayan , Dhingra Sanjiv
Published: January 2025

Periodic table of chemical elements serves as the foundation of material chemistry, impacting human health in many different ways. It contributes to the creation, growth, and manipulation of functional metallic, ceramic, metalloid, polymeric, and carbon‐based materials on and near an atomic scale. Recent nanotechnology advancements have revolutionized the field of biomedical engineering to tackle longstanding clinical challenges. The use of nano‐biomaterials has gained traction in medicine, specifically in the areas of nano‐immunoengineering to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been found to possess high bioactive surface area and compatibility with human and mammalian cells at controlled doses. Furthermore, these biomaterials have intrinsic immunomodulatory properties, which is crucial for their application in immuno‐nanomedicine. While significant progress has been made in understanding their bioactivity and biocompatibility, the exact immunomodulatory responses and mechanisms of these materials are still being explored. Current work outlines an innovative “immunomodulatory periodic table of elements” beyond the periodic table of life, medicine, and microbial genomics and comprehensively reviews the role of each element in designing immunoengineered 2D biomaterials in a group‐wise manner. It recapitulates the most recent advances in immunomodulatory nanomaterials, paving the way for the development of new mono, hybrid, composite, and hetero‐structured biomaterials.
A Novel Protein NLRP12‐119aa that Prevents Rhabdovirus Replication by Disrupting the RNP Complex Formation
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Zhu Xiangxiang , Zhu Tongtong , Luo Qiang , Zhao Yan , Xu Tianjun
Published: January 2025

The accurate assembly of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is fundamental for the replication and transcription of rhabdoviruses, which are known for their broad pathogenic impact. A novel 119‐amino‐acid protein, NLRP12‐119aa is identified, encoded by the circular RNA circNLRP12, that effectively disrupts the formation of rhabdovirus RNP complexes through two distinct mechanisms and significantly reduces their replication. NLRP12‐119aa exhibits a strong affinity for the conserved 18‐nucleotide sequence at the start of the leader RNA of rhabdoviruses VSV, SCRV, and RABV, outcompeting their native N protein interactions, thereby disrupting the assembly of RNP complexes and inhibiting viral replication. NLRP12‐119aa exerts anti‐rhabdoviral effects by directly binding to the viral N protein, leading to its destabilization and accelerated degradation, and consequently hindering the formation of the viral RNP complex. To assess the therapeutic potential of circNLRP12 against rhabdovirus infections, a zebrafish model of VSV infection is established and noted a substantial reduction in viral load after‐treatment with circNLRP12, as well as the recovery of spleen's to a normalized state from its previously enlarged and hemorrhagic state. Collectively, these findings elucidate a novel dual anti‐RNP assembly strategy mediated by NLRP12‐119aa, offering valuable insights for further exploration and clinical management of rhabdoviral infections.
A Missense Variant in the IKZF2 Gene Identified in a Genetically Undiagnosed Family With Hearing Loss
Authors: Zhang Teng , Li Qiang , Wang Hanjun , Sun Shuping , Xu Hongen
Published: January 2025

Hearing loss is one of the conditions characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, and whole exome sequencing (WES) serves as a key method for identifying pathogenic variants. To date, 155 genes have been reported to be associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Recently, a study by Velde et al. found that the IKZF2 (OMIM#606234) gene is associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss. In our cohort of nearly 300 patients with undiagnosed hearing loss who underwent WES, we discovered a case harboring a variant in the IKZF2 gene, specifically c.485A > C (NM_001387220.1). By investigating the patient's family history and hearing conditions, we subsequently employed Sanger sequencing to validate our findings within the family, confirming that this patient's pathogenic variant is indeed in the IKZF2 gene. Our case provides further robust evidence supporting the association of IKZF2 with nonsyndromic hearing loss.
Secupyritines A‐C, Three Natural Propellane Securinega Alkaloids: Structure Elucidation and Total Synthesis Based on Biogenetic Building Blocks
Authors: Qin Guan‐Qiu , Wang Gui‐Yang , Shen Qin‐Cheng , Yu Wen‐Hua , Song Jian‐Guo , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Dong Lu , Wu Zhen‐Long , Ye Wen‐Cai , Hu Li‐Jun , Wang Ying
Published: January 2025

Secupyritines A‐C are unique polycyclic Securinega alkaloids isolated from medicinal plant Flueggea suffruticosa. They feature a distinctive 6/6/6/5/6 fused pentacyclic ring system with a highly strained 2‐oxa‐6‐aza[4.4.3]propellane core. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated through a comprehensive approach involving nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and total synthesis. The total synthesis of secupyritines A‐C was achieved in 14 or 16 steps, employing a synthesis strategy based on biogenetic building blocks. Key elements of the synthetic procedures include a vinylogous Mannich‐type reaction to construct the sp3‐sp2 attached‐ring system, a Suzuki coupling reaction to build the piperidine ring, and an intramolecular aza‐Michael addition reaction to establish the propellane skeleton. Formal asymmetric synthesis of secupyritines A‐C was also presented.
Electrocatalytic Micelle‐Driven Hydrodefluorination for Accessing Unprotected Monofluorinated Indoles
Authors: Kaur Karanjeet , Mandal Raki , Walensky Justin R. , Gallou Fabrice , Handa Sachin
Published: January 2025

Toxic organic solvents and electrolytes, traditionally indispensable for electro‐organic synthesis, are now being reconsidered. In developing more sustainable electro‐organic synthesis, we've harnessed the aqueous micelles as solvents and electrolyte‐like structures when deformed under an electric field. The technology is showcased in synthetically highly valued hydrodefluorination reactions of difluorinated indoles. This mild electrosynthetic method produces monofluorinated unprotected indole scaffolds. Our approach minimizes waste and enhances atom economy, reducing reliance on expensive and hazardous solvents and electrolytes. The surfactant's potential for recycling was verified for two cycles. Cyclic voltammetry analysis has corroborated that PS‐750‐M micelles in water establish a more efficient platform for hydrodefluorination. Our technology simplifies the production of monofluorinated indoles, which are crucial for many drug‐like molecules.
A systems perspective on child abuse and neglect: If we care about the child, care for the birth family
Authors: Segal Leonie
Published: January 2025

A commitment by policymakers and practitioners to the best interests of the child is uncontroversial. The child's right to be with their birth family is enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, unless ‘separation is necessary for the best interests of the child’ (Article 9). But how do we understand 'best interests of the child'? Does this encompass only childhood or extend across life? Can 'best interest' be determined by ideology or principles alone? How does the permanency principle interact with best interest? For children exposed to serious abuse or neglect and removed, will ‘locking‐in’ long‐term care arrangements yield best outcomes in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, parenthood? Should reunification be prioritised? In this opinion piece, I argue that evidence must inform understandings of whether specific child and family support strategies are likely to do more good than harm and that this must consider the child's full life trajectory, including parenting capacity—the driver of intergenerational outcomes—and pay attention to the entire family. In the context of child removal, support and healing for the parent—with the possibility for reunification—will enhance the wellbeing of the entire family, including the removed child and any siblings (including those yet to be born). To achieve the desired response, budget allocations must be aligned with aims. In Australia, budget allocations massively favour child removal over intensive support for birth family, and also favour spending to address the harmful consequences of child abuse and neglect rather than disrupt the harm cascade. A refocus on birth family is critical. Treating birth parents with compassion is a good idea for the child, for the family, for society and the budget bottom line.
Research progress of CO2 absorbent in postcombustion capture process
Authors: Gao Youkun , Ning Chenjun , Liu Longjie , Ye Yi , Tian Sida , Zhao Xinglei
Published: January 2025

Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), are the primary culprits behind the phenomenon of global warming, and reducing CO2 emissions has become the primary global concern for all countries. CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is a key strategy in achieving the goals of the dual carbon strategy, and carbon capture is one of the most critical technology links. However, the development of chemical absorbents have been hindered by these problems such as poor absorption rate, low absorption capacity, poor stability, high energy consumption for regeneration, and high recovery cost. Therefore, how to realize the development and industrial application of CO2 chemical absorbents with efficient capture and low energy consumption for regeneration is an extremely severe challenge to be broken through at present. Herein, the current research progress of chemical absorbents is summarized and discussed in depth, which focuses on the absorption mechanism, absorption performance, advantages, and disadvantages of various absorbents. Subsequently, the existing problems and corresponding solutions for the research system are pointed out. Finally, the future development direction of absorbents is prospected.
Assessing the Integrity of N95 Mask Elastomer Straps With Decontamination and Reuse
Authors: Pelse Ian , Seibers Zach D. , Reynolds John R. , Shofner Meisha L.
Published: January 2025

The rapid progression of the COVID‐19 pandemic revealed an inability to meet increased demand for N95 respirators. These respirators are designed to be used once and disposed, but throughout the pandemic, there was a need for their decontamination and reuse. This research investigates the effect of various decontamination methods on the chemical and mechanical properties of N95 mask straps made of natural rubber to explore how these straps change after decontamination and what materials characterization techniques are well‐suited to evaluate these changes. Using results from ozone decontamination, tensile testing of mask strap assemblies is identified as the most reliable way to quantify changes in strap properties with decontamination and reuse when compared to other analytical techniques. Additionally, visible strap degradation often precedes both strap failure and material property changes and can be a reasonable indicator to discontinue use. Aside from ozone, decontamination with other methods such as heat and UV light appears to be less damaging to the tested materials. Beyond the specific results presented, this study provides insight on testing strategies that can be employed to move forward with evaluating new materials and decontamination methods for use in future pandemics or in more resource‐limited regions.
Assessment of the Relaxation Time Under Controlled Shear Flow by Rheo‐Optical Characterization
Authors: Bernardo Felipe , Canevarolo Sebastião
Published: January 2025

An attempt to study the relaxation characteristics of some polymers during a controlled shear flow is described in this paper. In polymers, optical properties can be used to estimate morphological changes under flow and, for this reason, are a trustful tool to evaluate relaxation time. This experiment consists of varying the shear rate imposed on polymeric systems of polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) while collecting the light signal isothermally at distinct temperatures. Then, birefringence is evaluated via an own built optical sensor by measuring the transmitted light intensity with crossed polarizers. Temperatures from 180°C to 220°C are performed and shear rates between 3 and 180 s−1 are imposed on the samples in agreement with the rates implemented in a previous rheological characterization. Each polymer shows characteristic values of birefringence that intensify with the increase in shear imposed by the system. The relaxation time is directly influenced by temperature and shear, decreasing for higher shear rates and temperatures. The relaxation time values found with our optical apparatus are validated by rheometric measurements. The values in both techniques are very similar in the proposed range of temperature, showing the effectiveness of the technique detailed in this article.
Green‐Synthesized Zinc Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol /Cashew Gum/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites With Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties for Nanoelectronics
Authors: Kalladi Ayisha Jemshiya , Ramesan M. T.
Published: January 2025

In this study, ternary blend nanocomposites were synthesized through a green in situ polymerization process, utilizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofillers into a polyvinyl alcohol/cashew gum/polypyrrole (PVA/CG/PPy) matrix. The optical, morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of these nanocomposites were comprehensively analyzed using UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FE‐SEM, TGA, and DSC. The findings revealed strong interactions between PVA, CG, PPy, and ZnO, with the uniform growth of spherical ZnO nanoparticles within the blend. Increasing ZnO content led to a reduction in optical bandgap energy, reaching 3.375 eV at its minimum. XRD revealed an intensified ZnO signal in the nanocomposites with higher ZnO concentrations. Thermal stability (TGA) and glass transition temperature (DSC) improved with increasing ZnO content, signifying strong interfacial adhesion between ZnO and the PVA/CG/PPy blend matrix. The nanocomposites also exhibited enhanced AC electrical conductivity and dielectric properties compared to the pristine blend. Notably, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and impedance decreased with rising temperature. Mechanical properties improved with a 39.6% increase in tensile strength at 3 wt% ZnO loading. ZnO was identified as an optimal nanofiller at 3 wt%, enhancing mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making these nanocomposites promising candidates for eco‐friendly, robust, and efficient nanoelectronic devices.
Heterodimeric Ciliary Dynein f/I1 Adopts a Distinctive Structure, Providing Insight Into the Autoinhibitory Mechanism Common to the Dynein Family
Authors: Lei Yici , Fukunaga Akira , Imai Hiroshi , Yamamoto Ryosuke , Shimo‐Kon Rieko , Kamimura Shinji , Mitsuoka Kaoru , Kato‐Minoura Takako , Yagi Toshiki , Kon Takahide
Published: January 2025

Dyneins are huge motor protein complexes that are essential for cell motility, cell division, and intracellular transport. Dyneins are classified into three major subfamilies, namely cytoplasmic, intraflagellar‐transport (IFT), and ciliary dyneins, based on their intracellular localization and functions. Recently, several near‐atomic resolution structures have been reported for cytoplasmic/IFT dyneins. In contrast, the structures of ciliary dyneins, as well as their regulatory mechanisms, have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we isolated a heterodimeric ciliary dynein (IDA‐f/I1) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a ciliated green alga, and studied its structure in the presence or absence of ATP by negative‐stain electron microscopy and single‐particle analysis. Surprisingly, a population of IDA‐f adopted a distinctive compact structure, which has been scarcely reported for ciliary dyneins but is very similar to the “phi‐particle” structure widely recognized as the autoinhibited/inactivated conformation for cytoplasmic/IFT dyneins. Our results suggest that the inactivation mechanism of dimeric dyneins is conserved in all three dynein subfamilies, regardless of their cellular functions, highlighting the intriguing intrinsic regulatory mechanism that may have been acquired at an early stage in the evolution of dynein motors.
Roads diverged in a wood: Proteins and RNAs encoded by cytochrome b (CYTB) gene in health and disease
Authors: Du Cijie , Chen Baodan , Huang Yile , Liang Wenxi , Su Ying Hua , Liu Xingguo
Published: January 2025

Background

The cytochrome b (CYTB) gene, a crucial component of the mitochondrial genome, plays a multifaceted role in cellular metabolism, energy production and various biological processes.

Main body

It is well known that the CYTB gene encodes a subunit of complex III in the electron transport chain, which is vital for the oxidative phosphorylation process and ATP generation. Various studies report that the CYTB gene not only encodes a core protein in the mitochondrial respiratory chain but also produces a long non‐coding RNA called lncCYTB, which participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Inspiringly, a study has recently revealed that the CYTB gene also encodes a novel 187 amino acid long polypeptide, CYTB‐187AA, a mitochondrial DNA‐encoded protein produced by cytosolic translation and important for early mammalian development.

Conclusion

This review will provide insight into the functional and expression properties of the CYTB gene, as well as its unique non‐coding RNA signature, and describe the diseases associated with the CYTB gene, ranging from mitochondrial dysfunction to more complex genetic disorders.
Unravelling the prognostic and operative role of intratumoural microbiota in non‐small cell lung cancer: Insights from 16S rRNA and RNA sequencing
Authors: Mao Fuling , Hu Zixuan , Shi Ruifeng , Zhang Hongbing , Zhang Zihe , Li Yongwen , Li Xuanguang , Gao Penghu , Li Jinhui , Liu Minghui , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

Background

Complex interrelationships between the microbiota and cancer have been identified by several studies. However, despite delineating microbial composition in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), key pathogenic microbiota and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods

We performed 16S rRNA V3–V4 amplicon and transcriptome sequencing on cancerous and adjacent normal tissue samples from 30 patients with NSCLC, from which clinical characteristics and prognosis outcomes were collected. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to dissect microbial composition and perform prognosis correlations, and in conjunction with transcriptome sequencing, we determined potential mechanisms underpinning significant microbiota actions.

Results

In comparing different sample types, we identified more pronounced beta diversity disparity between NSCLC, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and corresponding paired normal tissues. Concurrently, LUSC and lung adenocarcinoma exhibited distinct microbial composition traits at genus levels. Subsequently, four phyla, five classes, nine orders, 17 families and 36 genera were filtered out and were related to prognosis outcomes. Intriguingly, a protective microbial cluster was identified encompassing nine genera associated with delayed disease recurrence, with functional analyses suggested that these microbiota predominantly exerted metabolism‐related functions. Additionally, a harmful microbial cluster (HMC) was identified, including three genera. In this HMC and subsequent prognosis model analyses, harmful intratumoural microbiota were potentially implicated in infection, inflammation and immune regulation. Crucially, we identified a microbial genus, Peptococcus, which was as an independent, detrimental NSCLC prognostic factor and potentially impacted prognosis outcomes via tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling.

Conclusions

We identified a substantial connection between intratumoural microbiota and NSCLC prognosis outcomes. Protective microbiota primarily exerted metabolic functions, whereas harmful microbiota were mainly implicated in infection, inflammation and immune modulation. Furthermore, Peptococcus may be significant in adverse NSCLC prognoses and serve as a potential biomarker for patient management and cancer screening.

Key points

Four phyla, five classes, nine orders, 17 families and 36 genera have been found associated with NSCLC prognosis.

We identified a protective microbial cluster associated with delayed recurrence and a harmful microbial cluster related to shorter survival and earlier recurrence.

We identified Peptococcus as an independent, detrimental prognostic factor for NSCLC, potentially impacting prognosis via TNF signalling.
Studies on Noise Reduction of Optically Pumped Magnetometers by Digital Signal Processing
Authors: Nambu Kouta , Ito Yosuke
Published: January 2025

Recently, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), which use the spin polarization of alkali metal atoms to measure magnetic fields, have attracted much attention. However, in order to realize high‐sensitivity biomagnetic field measurements using OPMs, it is necessary to reduce environmental magnetic noise and system noise. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of the noise reduction of OPM signals when principal component analysis, independent component analysis, and empirical mode decomposition are used for signal processing.
Bridgeless Power Factor Correction Flyback Rectifier Using a Novel Integrated Transformer
Authors: Hirasawa Haruki , Choi Sihoon , Yonezawa Yu , Imaoka Jun , Yamamoto Masayoshi
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a novel integrated transformer structure with simple circuit configuration and miniaturized magnetic components. In a bridgeless flyback rectifier, two flyback converters operate corresponding to the polarity of the AC input, requiring two transformers. This paper proposes a novel winding structure that realizes zero coupling co‐efficient between two sets of windings. This enables the integration of two transformers into a single transformer, preventing their flyback operations from interfering with each other. The integrated transformer has approximately 16% lower volume compared to that of conventional transformers. The proposed integrated transformer was built, evaluated, and verified by designing a 75 W‐bridgeless flyback rectifier with 100 kHz switching frequency.
Lyapunov‐Based Passive Control Method for DC Input Admittance of IPM Motor Drive System
Authors: Karino Takaya , Kato Toshiji , Inoue Kaoru , Yamada Koki
Published: January 2025

It is important to drive an IPM motor system stably. However, unstable oscillations at the DC input have been reported. According to the impedance method, stability is assured when the input admittance of the drive system is passive or resistive. In this paper, we propose a passive admittance control method utilizing a Lyapunov‐based method. The control principle is first described and then a design example is detailed. It is shown that the proposed method achieves passive frequency characteristics for the input admittance. Its stable operation behaviors were investigated both by simulation and experimentally.
Charging and Discharging Schedule Optimization Method Considering Renewable Energy and Distribution System for Electric Buses
Authors: Kato Natsuno , Ishii Tsunayoshi , Iino Yutaka , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Uchiyama Shingo , Oishi Kohei , Mori Kenjiro
Published: January 2025

Electric buses are introduced toward achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, and there is a movement to utilize their storage batteries. On the other hand, the electric power system, where distributed energy resources are rapidly spreading, is becoming increasingly complex, and the impact of charging by electric buses on power system is an issue. In this study, we propose an optimization method for electric bus charge/discharge schedule that considers sector coupling between transportation system and power system. Then, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method from the viewpoints of both the distribution system operator and the electric bus operator by performing power flow calculations using a distribution system model. The results show that the proposed method can contribute to power demand shifting and smoothing power flow in distribution network by charging and discharging, and that multiple evaluation indices, for example, peak‐cutting of power flow, line occupation rate, distribution loss, reverse power flow utilization rate, renewable energy rate and CO2 emissions, are improved compared to the conventional charging scheduling method.
Oxidation of Iodine Using Ozone by Plasma Emitted in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Iwai Kouta , Tsuruoka Tomohiko , Asakura Satoshi , Kawamoto Hiroyuki , Yoshida Katsumasa , Satoh Nobuo
Published: January 2025

In this study, we explore an innovative method for iodine oxidation utilizing ozone generated through plasma phenomena.  Our investigation centers on understanding the amount of oxidation by ozone in an Aqueous Solution, quantifying it with that of an aqueous potassium iodide solution, thereby assessing the viability of our proposed technique. While certain practical considerations warrant attention as we strive for real‐world implementation, we posit that elevating ozone production by expanding the electrode discharge area holds promise for further optimization and subsequent cost minimization.
Intelligent Environmental Control in Plant Factories: Integrating Sensors, Automation, and AI for Optimal Crop Production
Authors: Kaya Cengiz
Published: January 2025

The growing global challenges of environmental degradation and resource scarcity demand innovative agricultural solutions. Intelligent environmental control systems integrating sensors, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) optimize crop production and sustainability in vertical farming. This review explores the critical role of these technologies in monitoring and adjusting key environmental parameters, including light, temperature, humidity, nutrient delivery, and CO₂ enrichment. Intelligent environmental control systems use real‐time data from sensor networks to continuously maintain optimal growing conditions. Sensors measure changes in the environment, such as light intensity and humidity levels. Automation enables tasks to be performed without human intervention, ensuring consistent adjustments to environmental conditions. AI predicts plant responses and enables proactive management strategies in this context. The review also examines how these technologies integrate, highlighting successful case studies and addressing challenges like energy management, scalability, and system harmonization. Looking ahead, AI's potential in predictive maintenance and emerging trends in vertical farming highlight the transformative role of intelligent environmental control in enhancing agricultural efficiency and sustainability.
Curcumin, a Secondary Metabolite, Activates the Defense System by Regulating Water Status, PSII Photochemistry, and Antioxidant Capacity in Lactuca sativa Exposed to Lead and/or Arsenic Stresses
Authors: Tofan Ayşenur , Gurkan Emirhan , Arikan‐Abdulveli Busra , Balci Melike , Yildiztugay Evren , Ozfidan‐Konakci Ceyda
Published: January 2025

Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) pollution seriously affect the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, reduce agricultural productivity, and pose a serious threat to human health. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in studies aimed at mitigating these negative effects of heavy metals. Curcumin is an important secondary metabolite belonging to the polyphenol class that provides stress tolerance to plants through its metal‐chelating activity. Therefore, in our study, curcumin (Cur1; 50 μM and Cur2; 100 μM) was applied to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under lead (Pb; 100 μM) and/or arsenic (As; 100 μM) stress. It was observed that the relative growth rate of the plant decreased by 12% at Pb stress and 27% under As stress. Pb and combined stress conditions (Pb + As) reduced the relative water content by 23%. Notably, significant increases in these parameters were observed following curcumin treatment. Furthermore, exogenous curcumin application effectively mitigated the detrimental effects induced by heavy‐metal stress. On gas exchange and photosynthetic parameters, Cur1 treatment resulted in more than a twofold increase in carbon assimilation rate under Pb and Pb + As conditions. Due to Pb + As exposure, H2O2 content increased by 25% and TBARS content increased by twofold. These elevations were attenuated by curcumin with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Compared to the combined stress exposure, Pb + As + Cur1 and Pb + As + Cur2 treatments resulted in 40% and 24% increased SOD activity, respectively. Curcumin treatments contributed to the maintenance of redox balance in the cell by increasing the activity of the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA‐GSH) cycle. In conclusion, curcumin applications to lettuce under Pb and/or As stress contributed to the reduction of ROS accumulation by increasing the water uptake, photosynthesis efficiency, and antioxidant enzyme capacity. These findings suggest that phenolic compounds like curcumin could be a promising strategy in agricultural practices to enhance plant resistance to heavy‐metal stress, thereby improving productivity.
Patient's Perception of Primary Health Care Provision With Respect to Access, Continuity and Coordination—InCept: An International Qualitative Perspective
Authors: Sturm Heidrun , Julia Weber , Tonaco Borges Fabiano , Dickinson Andrew , Sottas Beat , Wennerholm Carina , Andreae Christina , Liljeroos Maria , Jaarsma Tiny , Joos Stefanie , Bauer Antonia
Published: January 2025

Health care systems are confronted with an increasing burden of (multi‐)morbidity and a shortfall of healthcare providers. Coordination and continuity of care in chronic and multi‐morbid patient is especially important. As qualitative patient experience data within care processes is scarce, we aim to increase the understanding of chronically ill patient's perspectives by assessing patient experiences in different health systems while treated in primary care. Patients were recruited via GPs from Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, and the British island of Jersey. To ascertain regular healthcare utilisation, inclusion criteria were either a stroke, and/or a myocardial infarction or heart failure during the past year, and an underlying metabolic syndrome. Identical semi‐structured interview‐guides were used in the respective language. Transcribed interviews were analysed according to inductive‐deductive qualitative content analysis. Based on 22 interviews we derived four main categories (patient centeredness, continuity, coordination, access). Overall, healthcare processes were considered positive if information flow was personal and functional. Non‐physician staff seemed to create reassurance. A long‐lasting doctor‐patient relationship was connected to the context of trust and security. Patients were critical of a perceived lack of time, inducing insufficient counselling and information‐flow. This international explorative study suggests that patients' experiences can provide important information about care provision. Patients consistently focused more on relational aspects rather than on structures or functions. This has connotations for healthcare planning; for example, by providing non‐physician staff to support patients through their care pathway and to improve the cooperation between providers.
Estrogen, estrogen receptor and the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC
Authors: Diao Mingxin , Wang Yangwei , Wu Shihao , He Shiwen , Liao Yongde
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer remains the foremost cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Clinical observations reveal a notable increase in both the proportion and mortality rate among female non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared to males, a trend that continues to escalate. Extensive preclinical research underscores the pivotal role of estrogen in the initiation, progression, prognosis, and treatment response of NSCLC. Estrogen receptors are widely expressed in stromal and immune cells, influencing cellular activities across innate and adaptive immune systems. Immune evasion mechanisms significantly impact tumor development and outcomes, with immunotherapy offering promise in NSCLC by targeting these mechanisms. The intriguing gender disparities in immunotherapy responses prompt an exploration into the data on NSCLC occurrence, progression, and gender‐specific immunotherapy. Evidence highlights estrogen's contribution to a tumor‐permissive microenvironment, influencing various cells including cancer‐associated fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells. Gender‐specific variations in NSCLC occurrence, development, prognosis, and treatment efficacy likely stem from interactions between estrogen, lung cancer cells, and these estrogen‐responsive cells, shaping a microenvironment conducive to tumor progression. Clarifying estrogen's role and its signaling pathways in NSCLC may unveil novel therapeutic strategies to modify the tumor microenvironment or enhance immunotherapy efficacy.