bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic structure and defect dynamics of monolayer lead iodide nanodisks with epitaxial alignment on graphene
Authors: Sinha Sapna , Zhu Taishan , France-Lanord Arthur , Sheng Yuewen , Grossman Jeffrey C. , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Warner Jamie H.
Published: February 2020

Lead Iodide (PbI2) is a large bandgap 2D layered material that has potential for semiconductor applications. However, atomic level study of PbI2monolayer has been limited due to challenges in obtaining thin crystals. Here, we use liquid exfoliation to produce monolayer PbI2nanodisks (30-40 nm in diameter and > 99% monolayer purity) and deposit them onto suspended graphene supports to enable atomic structure study of PbI2. Strong epitaxial alignment of PbI2monolayers with the underlying graphene lattice occurs, leading to a phase shift from the 1 T to 1 H structure to increase the level of commensuration in the two lattice spacings. The fundamental point vacancy and nanopore structures in PbI2monolayers are directly imaged, showing rapid vacancy migration and self-healing. These results provide a detailed insight into the atomic structure of monolayer PbI2, and the impact of the strong van der Waals interaction with graphene, which has importance for future applications in optoelectronics.
Artificial relativistic molecules
Authors: Park Jae Whan , Kim Hyo Sung , Brumme Thomas , Heine Thomas , Yeom Han Woong
Published: February 2020

We fabricate artificial molecules composed of heavy atom lead on a van der Waals crystal. Pb atoms templated on a honeycomb charge-order superstructure of IrTe2 form clusters ranging from dimers to heptamers including benzene-shaped ring hexamers. Tunneling spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations reveal the formation of unusual relativistic molecular orbitals within the clusters. The spin–orbit coupling is essential both in forming such Dirac electronic states and stabilizing the artificial molecules by reducing the adatom–substrate interaction. Lead atoms are found to be ideally suited for a maximized relativistic effect. This work initiates the use of novel two-dimensional orderings to guide the fabrication of artificial molecules of unprecedented properties.
Complete, closed bacterial genomes from microbiomes using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Moss Eli L. , Maghini Dylan G. , Bhatt Ami S.
Published: February 2020

Microbial genomes can be assembled from short-read sequencing data, but the assembly contiguity of these metagenome-assembled genomes is constrained by repeat elements. Correct assignment of genomic positions of repeats is crucial for understanding the effect of genome structure on genome function. We applied nanopore sequencing and our workflow, named Lathe, which incorporates long-read assembly and short-read error correction, to assemble closed bacterial genomes from complex microbiomes. We validated our approach with a synthetic mixture of 12 bacterial species. Seven genomes were completely assembled into single contigs and three genomes were assembled into four or fewer contigs. Next, we used our methods to analyze metagenomics data from 13 human stool samples. We assembled 20 circular genomes, including genomes of Prevotella copri and a candidate Cibiobacter sp. Despite the decreased nucleotide accuracy compared with alternative sequencing and assembly approaches, our methods improved assembly contiguity, allowing for investigation of the role of repeat elements in microbial function and adaptation.
A Study of Interaction Effects and Quantum Berezinskii- Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition in the Kitaev Chain
Authors: Sarkar Sujit
Published: February 2020

The physics of the topological state of matter is the second revolution in quantum mechanics. We study the effect of interactions on the topological quantum phase transition and the quantum Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (QBKT) transition in topological state of a quantum many-body condensed matter system. We predict a topological quantum phase transition from topological superconducting phase to an insulating phase for the interacting Kitaev chain. We observe interesting behaviour from the results of renormalization group study on the topological superconducting phase. We derive the renormalization group (RG) equation for QBKT through different routes with a few exact solutions along with the physical explanations, wherein we find the existence of two new important emergent phases apart from the two conventional phases of this model Hamiltonian. We also present results of a length-scale dependent study to predict asymptotic freedom like behaviour of the system. We do rigorous quantum field theoretical renormalization group calculations to solve this problem.
Down Syndrome Reduces the Sedative Effect of Midazolam in Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgical Patients
Authors: Matsuishi Yujiro , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Hoshino Haruhiko , Shimojo Nobutake , Enomoto Yuki , Mathis Bryan J. , Hiramatsu Yuji , Inoue Yoshiaki
Published: February 2020

Down syndrome (DS) is frequently comorbid with congenital heart disease and has recently been shown to reduce the sedative effect of benzodiazepine (BDZ)-class anesthesia but this effect in a clinical setting has not been studied. Therefore, this study compared midazolam sedation after heart surgery in DS and normal children. We retrospectively reviewed patient records in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of pediatric cardiovascular operations between March 2015 and March 2018. We selected five days of continuous post-operative data just after termination of muscle relaxants. Midazolam sedation was estimated by Bayesian inference for generalized linear mixed models. We enrolled 104 patients (average age 26 weeks) of which 16 (15%) had DS. DS patients had a high probability of receiving a higher midazolam dosage and dexmedetomidine dosage over the study period (probability = 0.99, probability = 0.97) while depth of sedation was not different in DS patients (probability = 0.35). Multi regression modeling included severity scores and demographic data showed DS decreases midazolam sedation compared with controls (posterior OR = 1.32, 95% CrI = 1.01–1.75). In conclusion, midazolam dosages should be carefully adjusted as DS significantly decreases midazolam sedative effect in pediatric heart surgery patients.
Specificity profiling of CRISPR system reveals greatly enhanced off-target gene editing
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Mingrui , Zheng Ting , Hou Yingzi , Zhang Pingjing , Tang Tao , Wei Jing , Du Quan
Published: February 2020

To explore the editing specificity of CRISPR/Cpf1 system, effects of target mutation were systematically examined using a reporter activation assay, with a set of single-nucleotide mutated target site. Consistent with our previous study performed with CRISPR/Cas9, a “core” sequence region that is highly sensitive to target mutation was characterized. The region is of 4-nucleotide long, located from +4 to +7 position of the target site, and positioned within a positively charged central channel when assembled into Cpf1 endonuclease. Single-nucleotide mutation at the core sequence could abolish gene editing mediated by a however active sgRNA. With a great majority of the target sites, a kind of ‘super’ off-target gene editing was observed with both CRISPR/Cpf1 and CRISPR/Cas9. For a given target site, mutation at certain positions led to greatly enhanced off-target gene editing efficacy, even up to 10-fold of that of the fully-matched target. Study further found that these effects were determined by the identity of target nucleotide, rather than the nucleotide of crRNA. This likely suggests that the interactions between target nucleotide and the endonuclease are involved in this process.
Integrated LC–MS and GC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics studies of the effect of azadirachtin on Bactrocera dorsalis larvae
Authors: Zhou You , Qin De Qiang , Zhang Pei Wen , Chen Xiao Tian , Liu Ben Ju , Cheng Dong Mei , Zhang Zhi Xiang
Published: February 2020

Azadirachtin exhibits excellent bioactivities against several hundred arthropods. However, current knowlege of its biochemical effect on B. dorsalis larvae is not deep enough. In this study, integrated LC-MS and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites and the biochemical effects of azadirachtin on B. dorsalis larvae. Azadirachtin has excellent bioactivities against B. dorsalis larvae in this study, leading to a longer developmental duration, lower survival rate, and low pupa weight. The effect of azadirachtin was investigated on a total of 22 and 13 differentially abundant metabolites in the LC–MS and GC–MS-based metabolomics results, are selected respectively. Pathway analysis indicated that 14 differentially enriched metabolic pathways, including seven influential pathways, are worthy of attention. Further integrated key metabolic pathway analysis showed that histidine metabolism, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, biotin metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism in B. dorsalis larvae are significantly relevant pathways affected by azadirachtin. Although extrapolating the bioactivity results in this study to the practical project of B. dorsalis pest management in the field has limitations, it was found that azadirachtin has a significant effect on the primary metabolism of B. dorsalis larvae.
The importance of first impression judgements in interspecies interactions
Authors: Clark Laura , Butler Kevin , Ritchie Kay L. , Maréchal Laëtitia
Published: February 2020

Close human-wildlife interactions are rapidly growing, particularly due to wildlife tourism popularity. Using both laboratory and ecological observation studies we explored potential interspecies communication signalling mechanisms underpinning human-animal approach behaviour, which to date have been unclear. First impression ratings (n = 227) of Barbary macaques’ social and health traits were related to the macaques’ facial morphology and their observed behaviour supporting a shared facial signalling system in primates. These ratings significantly predicted intended approach to the macaques during hypothetical interactions. Finally, real-world interspecies proximity was observed and found to be best predicted by the interaction between human first impression perception and animal behaviour. Specifically, perceived macaque health in interaction with actual macaque dominance drives close interactions despite human proclivity to avoid dominant animals, raising safety concerns in interspecies interactions.
Ranking the invasions of cheaters in structured populations
Authors: Yang Guoli , Cavaliere Matteo , Zhu Cheng , Perc Matjaž
Published: February 2020

The identification of the most influential individuals in structured populations is an important research question, with many applications across the social and natural sciences. Here, we study this problem in evolutionary populations on static networks, where invading cheaters can lead to the collapse of cooperation. We propose six strategies to rank the invading cheaters and identify those which mostly facilitate the collapse of cooperation. We demonstrate that the type of successful rankings depend on the selection strength, the underlying game, and the network structure. We show that random ranking has generally little ability to successfully identify invading cheaters, especially for the stag-hunt game in scale-free networks and when the selection strength is strong. The ranking based on degree can successfully identify the most influential invaders when the selection strength is weak, while more structured rankings perform better at strong selection. Scale-free networks and strong selection are generally detrimental to the performance of the random ranking, but they are beneficial for the performance of structured rankings. Our research reveals how to identify the most influential invaders using statistical measures in structured communities, and it demonstrates how their success depends on population structure, selection strength, and on the underlying game dynamics.
Small-worldness favours network inference in synthetic neural networks
Authors: García Rodrigo A. , Martí Arturo C. , Cabeza Cecilia , Rubido Nicolás
Published: February 2020

A main goal in the analysis of a complex system is to infer its underlying network structure from time-series observations of its behaviour. The inference process is often done by using bi-variate similarity measures, such as the cross-correlation (CC) or mutual information (MI), however, the main factors favouring or hindering its success are still puzzling. Here, we use synthetic neuron models in order to reveal the main topological properties that frustrate or facilitate inferring the underlying network from CC measurements. Specifically, we use pulse-coupled Izhikevich neurons connected as in the Caenorhabditis elegans neural networks as well as in networks with similar randomness and small-worldness. We analyse the effectiveness and robustness of the inference process under different observations and collective dynamics, contrasting the results obtained from using membrane potentials and inter-spike interval time-series. We find that overall, small-worldness favours network inference and degree heterogeneity hinders it. In particular, success rates in C. elegans networks – that combine small-world properties with degree heterogeneity – are closer to success rates in Erdös-Rényi network models rather than those in Watts-Strogatz network models. These results are relevant to understand better the relationship between topological properties and function in different neural networks.
Hinged-3D metamaterials with giant and strain-independent Poisson’s ratios
Authors: Shaat Mohamed , Wagih Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Current designs of artificial metamaterials with giant Poisson’s ratios proposed microlattices that secrete the transverse displacement nonlinearly varies with the longitudinal displacement, and the Poisson’s ratio depends on the applied strain (i.e., tailorable Poisson’s ratio). Whereas metamaterials with tailorable Poisson’s ratios would find many important applications, the design of a metamaterial with a giant Poisson’s ratio that is constant over all the material deformation range has been a major challenge. Here, we develop a new class of bimaterial-3D-metamaterials with giant and strain-independent Poisson’s ratios (i.e., Poisson’s ratio is constant over the entire deformation range). The unit cell is 3D assembled of hinged-struts. Specially designed spherical hinges were utilized to give constant Poisson’s ratios. This new class of metamaterials has been demonstrated by means of experimental and numerical mechanics. 15 material samples were 3D printed by Stereolithography (SLA) and tested. We revealed a robust anisotropy dependence of the Poisson’s ratio. A giant negative Poisson’s ratio of −16 was obtained utilizing a highly anisotropic unit cell of dissimilar materials and stiffnesses. Materials with giant and strain-independent Poisson’s ratios provide a new class of artificial metamaterials, which would be used to optimize the performance of many existing devices, e.g., strain amplifiers and gauges.
Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the development of cell therapies: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Rangan Shreyas , Schulze H. Georg , Vardaki Martha Z. , Blades Michael W. , Piret James M. , Turner Robin F. B.
Published: February 2020

This comprehensive review article discusses current and future perspectives of Raman spectroscopy-based analyses of cell therapy processes and products.
Detection of humic acid in water using flat-sheet and folded-rod viscous alkaline glucose syrups
Authors: Fakayode Olayemi J. , Williams Sharon , Saheed Abolanle S. , Nkambule Thabo T. I.
Published: February 2020

Interaction of the alkaline glucose solution with humic acid.
Automated platform for cell selection and separation based on four-dimensional motility and matrix degradation
Authors: Nowotarski Hannah L. , Attayek Peter J. , Allbritton Nancy L.
Published: February 2020

An automated platform to separate single cells based on matrix invasion was implemented on a microraft array to track inheritability of this complex phenotype.
A novel colorimetric immunoassay based on enzyme-regulated instant generation of Turnbull's blue for the sensitive determination of ochratoxin A
Authors: Lai Wenqiang , Guo Jiaqing , Wu Qingqing , Chen Yaomin , Cai Quanying , Wu Luxi , Wang Shuhan , Song Jun , Tang Dianping
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to develop a novel colorimetric sensing method based on enzyme-regulated instant generation of Turnbull's blue, serving as a chromogenic agent, for a sensitive immunoassay for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA).
Silicotungstic acid as a highly efficient coreactant for luminol chemiluminescence for sensitive detection of uric acid
Authors: Mostafa Islam M. , Halawa Mohamed Ibrahim , Chen Yequan , Abdussalam Abubakar , Guan Yiran , Xu Guobao
Published: February 2020

Polyoxometalate has been introduced for the first time as a new coreactant for luminol CL, and it has been utilized for selective and sensitive detection of uric acid.
Raman-infrared spectral fusion combined with partial least squares (PLS) for quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil
Authors: Feng Yaozhou , Zhang Tianlong , Zhao Mingjing , Zhang Xin , Tang Hongsheng , Sheng Qinglin
Published: February 2020

Spectroscopy is an effective method for the rapid detection of PAHs in soil, but the predictive performance is not satisfactory due to interference from other substances.
The methionase chain reaction: an enzyme-based autocatalytic amplification system for the detection of thiols
Authors: Adams Jeremy David , Røise Joachim Justad , Lee David Sam , Murthy Niren
Published: February 2020

The methionase chain reaction is developed; thiols are detected at nanomolar concentrations through the autocatalytic reactivation of methionine gamma-lyase.
Ruthenium-catalyzed benzylic substitution of benzyl esters with stabilized carbon nucleophiles
Authors: Suzuki Koki , Tsuji Hiroaki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: February 2020

We have accomplished the ruthenium-catalyzed benzylic substitution of benzyl esters with a stabilized carbon nucleophile.
The isothermal decomposition of a CL-20/HMX co-crystal explosive
Authors: Luo Liqiong , Chai Zuohu , Jin Bo , Huang Qiong , Guo Zhiliang , Peng Rufang
Published: February 2020

The isothermal decomposition process of CL-20/HMX co-crystals was studied through an isothermal decomposition dynamics research method.
A microcrystal method for the measurement of birefringence
Authors: Cao Liling , Peng Guang , Liao Wenbin , Yan Tao , Long Xifa , Ye Ning
Published: February 2020

A scientifically valid test process to measure polycrystalline birefringence was proposed and confirmed as an effective method for screening anisotropic microcrystals.
Mixing states of imidazolium-based ionic liquid, [C4mim][TFSI], with cycloethers studied by SANS, IR, and NMR experiments and MD simulations
Authors: Kawano Masahiro , Sadakane Koichiro , Iwase Hiroki , Matsugami Masaru , Marekha Bogdan A. , Idrissi Abdenacer , Takamuku Toshiyuki
Published: February 2020

The mixing states of binary solutions of [C4mim][TFSI] and cycloethers (THF, 1,4-DIO, and 1,3-DIO) have been clarified using SANS, IR, and NMR experiments and MD simulations.
Microwave plasma-based direct synthesis of free-standing N-graphene
Authors: Tsyganov D. , Bundaleska N. , Dias A. , Henriques J. , Felizardo E. , Abrashev M. , Kissovski J. , do Rego A. M. Botelho , Ferraria A. M. , Tatarova E.
Published: February 2020

Scheme of ethanol/ammonia plasma driven decomposition pathways considering injection of the nitrogen precursor in “hot” and “mild” plasma zone.
Translocation of a hydroxyl functionalized carbon dot across a lipid bilayer: an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Erimban Shakkira , Daschakraborty Snehasis
Published: February 2020

Passive permeation of CD across lipid bilayer is almost impossible. Forced permeation results membrane rupture.
Abnormal scaling of excitons in phosphorene quantum dots
Authors: Zhong Jun , Huang Linan , Sheng Weidong
Published: February 2020

Excitonic states of a many-electron system in phosphorene quantum dots (PQDs) are investigated theoretically by using a configuration interaction approach.
MOF-derived electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Wang Hao-Fan , Chen Liyu , Pang Huan , Kaskel Stefan , Xu Qiang
Published: February 2020

The morphology and composition design of MOF-derived carbon-based materials and their applications for electrocatalytic ORR, OER and HER are reviewed.
Controllable chemoselective hydrogenation of furfural by PdAg/C bimetallic catalysts under ambient operating conditions: an interesting Ag switch
Authors: Wu Zhi-Lei , Wang Jian , Wang Shuo , Zhang Ya-Xin , Bai Guo-Yi , Ricardez-Sandoval Luis , Wang Gui-Chang , Zhao Bin
Published: February 2020

Selectivity reversal for the hydrogenation of furfural is acheived by PdAg/C bimetallic catalysts under ambient conditions.
Effects of surfactant and ionic concentration on properties of dual physical crosslinking self-healing hydrogels by hydrophobic association and ionic interactions
Authors: Li Yayu , Zhou Tianyang , Yu Zhangyong , Wang Fei , Shi Dongjian , Ni Zhongbin , Chen Mingqing
Published: February 2020

Two kinds of dual crosslinking hydrogels have adjustable mechanical properties, self-healing and self-recovery performances.
A carbon nanotube reinforced functionalized styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer as an advanced electrode material for efficient energy storage applications
Authors: Chakraborty Sohini , N. L. Mary
Published: February 2020

In the wake of the global energy crisis, innovative materials are being developed to alleviate the energy shortage by utilizing the available sources sustainably.
Oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene catalyzed by molybdenum dioxide immobilized on zirconia-modified silica
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Tong Yibin , Zhu Mingyuan , Dai Bin
Published: February 2020

MoO2/ZrO2–SiO2 catalysts show high activity in the oxidative desulfurization reaction, and the desulfurization rate can reach 99.96%.
Synthesis of fused chalcogenophenocarbazoles: towards dual emission resulting from hybridized local and charge-transfer states
Authors: Petrenko Alla , Bezvikonnyi Oleksandr , Volyniuk Dmytro , Danyliv Yan , Simokaitiene Jurate , Belyakov Sergey , Grazulevicius Juozas Vidas , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: February 2020

Fused chalcogenophenocarbazoles exhibit fluorescence resulting from recombination of either locally excited, intramolecular charge-transfer or hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) states.
Realization of a near-infrared active Fano-resonant asymmetric metasurface by precisely controlling the phase transition of Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Zhu Wei , Fan Yuancheng , Li Ce , Yang Ruisheng , Yan Shi , Fu Quanhong , Zhang Fuli , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie
Published: February 2020

A metasurface is one of the most effectual platforms for the manipulation of complex optical fields.
Solution-phase vertical growth of aligned NiCo2O4nanosheet arrays on Au nanosheets with weakened oxygen–hydrogen bonds for photocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: He Suisui , Chai Jian , Lu Siyu , Mu Xijiao , Liu Ruitong , Wang Qiang , Chen Fengjuan , Li Yuee , Wang Jingang , Wang Baodui
Published: February 2020

We demonstrate the synthesis of vertically arranged NiCo2O4–Au–NiCo2O4sandwich-type heterojunctions with weakened oxygen–hydrogen bonds as an efficient photocatalyst for visible-light water oxidation.
Target-activated transcription for the amplified sensing of protease biomarkers
Authors: Liu Fang , Yang Min , Song Wenlu , Luo Xingyu , Tang Rui , Duan Zhixi , Kang Wenyuan , Xie Shiyi , Liu Qingqing , Lei Chunyang , Huang Yan , Nie Zhou , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: February 2020

A transcription-inspired signal amplification strategy that amplifies proteolysis into nucleic acid outputs is presented for the ultrasensitive sensing of protease biomarkers.
A dendritically amplified fluorescent signal probe on SiO2 microspheres for the ultrasensitive detection of mercury ions
Authors: Li Chunli , Zhang Yuqi , Cai Qianqian , Jie Guifen , Li Chunxiang
Published: February 2020

A new kind of dendritically amplified fluorescent signal probe was controllably fabricated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-catalyzed incorporation of nucleotides combined with bio-barcode amplification for ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+.
Bi- and poly(carbyne) functionalised polycyclic aromatics
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F. , Seitz Antonia
Published: February 2020

The Pd0/AuI-mediated coupling between a tungsten stannylcarbyne and a diverse range of aryl halides has allowed from one to four carbynes to be appended to, and bridged by, central aromatic ring systems including fused polycyclic examples.
A novel electrode for supercapacitors: efficient PVP-assisted synthesis of Ni3S2 nanostructures grown on Ni foam for energy storage
Authors: Anil Kumar Yedluri , Dasha Kumar Kulurumotlakatla , Kim Hee-Je
Published: February 2020

In this article we report the PVP-assisted synthesis procedure of binder-free Ni3S2 grown on Ni foam.
Single catalyst particle diagnostics in a microreactor for performing multiphase hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Nieuwelink Anne-Eva , Vollenbroek Jeroen C. , Ferreira de Abreu Andrea C. , Tiggelaar Roald M. , van den Berg Albert , Odijk Mathieu , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: February 2020

The single particle hydrogenation of methylene blue over a Pd/SiO2 catalyst was monitored in a droplet-microreactor, using red/green/blue optical microscopy.
Correction: Cross-sectional focusing of red blood cells in a constricted microfluidic channel
Authors: Abay Asena , Recktenwald Steffen M. , John Thomas , Kaestner Lars , Wagner Christian
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Cross-sectional focusing of red blood cells in a constricted microfluidic channel’ by Asena Abay et al., Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 534–543.
Structural insights into the promutagenic bypass of the major cisplatin-induced DNA lesion
Authors: Ouzon-Shubeita Hala , Vilas Caroline K. , Lee Seongmin
Published: February 2020

The cisplatin-1,2-d(GpG) (Pt-GG) intrastrand cross-link is the predominant DNA lesion generated by cisplatin. Cisplatin has been shown to predominantly induce G to T mutations and Pt-GG permits significant misincorporation of dATP by human DNA polymerase β (polβ). In agreement, polβ overexpression, which is frequently observed in cancer cells, is linked to cisplatin resistance and a mutator phenotype. However, the structural basis for the misincorporation of dATP opposite Pt-GG is unknown. Here, we report the first structures of a DNA polymerase inaccurately bypassing Pt-GG. We solved two structures of polβ misincorporating dATP opposite the 5′-dG of Pt-GG in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+. The Mg2+-bound structure exhibits a sub-optimal conformation for catalysis, while the Mn2+-bound structure is in a catalytically more favorable semi-closed conformation. In both structures, dATP does not form a coplanar base pairing with Pt-GG. In the polβ active site, the syn-dATP opposite Pt-GG appears to be stabilized by protein templating and pi stacking interactions, which resembles the polβ-mediated dATP incorporation opposite an abasic site. Overall, our results suggest that the templating Pt-GG in the polβ active site behaves like an abasic site, promoting the insertion of dATP in a non-instructional manner.
Comparative analysis of inflammatory signature profiles in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: Yao Yao , Yang Chunguang , Yi Xing , Xie Shaobing , Sun Hong
Published: February 2020

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) represents a heterogeneous disorder that can be classified into either eosinophilic or noneosinophilic endotypes. However, the immunological mechanisms of each remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare and analyze inflammatory signatures of eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) and noneosinophilic CRSwNP (NECRSwNP). Cytokine antibody array was used to identify inflammatory mediators that were differentially expressed among ECRSwNP, NECRSwNP, and control groups. Then, bioinformatics approaches were conducted to explore biological functions and signaling pathways. In addition, pairwise correlation analyses were performed among differential levels of inflammatory mediators and tissue eosinophil infiltration. The results showed that nine mediators were significantly up-regulated in ECRSwNP, including eotaxin-2, eotaxin-3, CCL18, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, and IL-15. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these mediators were mainly enriched in leukocyte chemotaxis and proliferation, JAK-STAT cascade, asthma, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Furthermore, seven mediators were identified to be significantly up-regulated in NECRSwNP, including CCL20, resistin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), CD14, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor related protein (GITR), and lipocalin-2. These mediators were closely associated with LPS responses, neutrophil chemotaxis and migration, and IL-17 signaling pathway. In addition, pairwise correlation analyses indicated that differential levels of inflammatory mediators in ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP were broadly correlated with each other and with tissue eosinophil infiltration. In conclusion, we found that ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP exhibited different patterns of inflammatory signatures. These findings may provide further insights into heterogeneity of CRSwNP.
π-Helix controls activity of oxygen-sensing diguanylate cyclases
Authors: Walker Johnnie A. , Wu Yuqi , Potter Jacob R. , Weinert Emily E.
Published: February 2020

The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to oxygen levels in their environment leads to changes in cellular phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence. Globin coupled sensors (GCSs) are a family of heme proteins that regulate diverse functions in response to O2 levels, including modulating synthesis of cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), a bacterial second messenger that regulates biofilm formation. While GCS proteins have been demonstrated to regulate O2-dependent pathways, the mechanism by which the O2 binding event is transmitted from the globin domain to the cyclase domain is unknown. Using chemical cross-linking and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, diguanylate cyclase (DGC)-containing GCS proteins from Bordetella pertussis (BpeGReg) and Pectobacterium carotovorum (PccGCS) have been demonstrated to form direct interactions between the globin domain and a middle domain π-helix. Additionally, mutation of the π-helix caused major changes in oligomerization and loss of DGC activity. Furthermore, results from assays with isolated globin and DGC domains found that DGC activity is affected by the cognate globin domain, indicating unique interactions between output domain and cognate globin sensor. Based on these studies a compact GCS structure, which depends on the middle domain π-helix for orienting the three domains, is needed for DGC activity and allows for direct sensor domain interactions with both middle and output domains to transmit the O2 binding signal. The insights from the present study improve our understanding of DGC regulation and provide insight into GCS signaling that may lead to the ability to rationally control O2-dependent GCS activity.
The Power of Story in Identity Renegotiation: Clinical Approaches to Supporting Persons Living With Aphasia
Authors: Strong Katie A. , Shadden Barbara B.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This clinical focus article provides an overview of the relationship between narrative, identity, and social co-construction for persons with aphasia and of narrative treatment approaches targeting identity renegotiation. The intent is to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with background on how these key concepts fit within the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia and to empower them to consider engaging in personal narrative co-construction with their clients. The idea of narrative identity is supported by the Living with Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement, particularly within the Personal domain. A focus on identity through the co-construction of small and big stories can help SLPs prioritize supporting those living with aphasia in moving on with aphasia as part of their story. Emphasis is placed upon the interaction and relationship between the SLP and the client as critical to the social reconstruction and validation of identity through support of shared personal narratives. The PULSE framework is introduced as a foundation for supporting narrative and identity in clinical work with individuals living with aphasia. Evidence-based life story–focused interventions are reviewed.

Conclusion

Stories are powerful tools in moving life forward post stroke and aphasia. Supporting the development of personal narratives that allow identity reconstruction falls within the scope of Life Participation Approach to Aphasia and the Living with Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement. SLPs are well suited to support identity renegotiation in persons with aphasia through narrative construction.
Global alignments of parsec-scale AGN radio jets and their polarization planes
Authors: Blinov D. , Casadio C. , Mandarakas N. , Angelakis E.
Published: February 2020

Context. A number of works have reported that the polarization plane of extragalactic sources as well as the structural axes of radio sources are aligned on the large scale. However, both the claims and their interpretation remain controversial.

Aims. For the first time, we explore the alignment of parsec-scale jets. Additionally, we use archival polarimetric data at different wavelengths in order to compare the relative orientations of the jets and the polarization planes of their emission.

Methods. Using the flux density distribution in very long baseline interferometry radio maps from the Astrogeo database, we determine the parsec-scale jet orientation for the largest sample of active galactic nuclei to date. Employing the method of parallel transport and a sample statistics characterizing the jet orientation dispersion among neighbors, we test whether the identified jets are significantly aligned.

Results. We show that the parsec-scale jets in our sample do not demonstrate any significant global alignments. Moreover, the jet direction is found to be weakly correlated with the direction of the polarization plane at different frequencies.
The Artificial Power System Networks Stability Control Using the Technology of Neural Network
Authors: Alzakkar A M-N , Valeev I.M. , Mestnikov N.P. , Nurullin E.G.
Published: February 2020

In the present work, the electric voltage stability at Muharda station in Syria was studied during the normal and up to normal loading states. The results were obtained using artificial neural network, which consists of three layers (input-hidden-output). This network is characterized by the speed and accuracy in processing before failure and supply turn-off, which may lead to economical problems. This study was carried out using two different generating schemes in this station (single double). The performance of this network consists of two stages: training stage (off-line) and testing stage (on-line), and a comparison between these stages is carried out, which leads to optimization the load in testing cases depending on the training data.
Integrated modeling of compact power lines
Authors: Buyakova N.V. , Kryukov A.V. , Van Thao Le
Published: February 2020

The aim of the research presented in the article is to develop methods and means for integrated modeling of compact expanded capacity power lines. Algorithms for determining modes of electrical energy systems were used based on phase coordinates based on application of elements models in form of lacelike equivalent networks with fully-meshed topology. These models and methods were implemented in Fazonord-APC software application, ensuring modeling of EES sta-tionary modes, and determining strengths of electromagnetic fields generated by power lines of different design. We demonstrate results of modes and electromagnetic fields modeling on routes of 220 kV compact overhead power supply lines (COPL) with horizontal positioning of wires. For the purpose of comparison, similar calculations were performed for a typical overhead power line (TOPL). The modeling results allowed to formulate the following conclusions: when overall sections of COPL and TOPL are equal, the losses of active power in compact OPL are significantly lower; thus, when transmitted power is 375 MW, the losses in COPL are reduced by 45% compared to a typical 220 kV OPL; at compact OPL receiver end a lower unsymmetry is observed; COPL ensure better electromagnetic safety conditions; electrical field strength at a height of 1.8 m for COPL axis is less than a similar index for TOPL by approximately 1.5 times; magnetic field in the same point is reduced to 60%.
Monitoring tools of regional economic security
Authors: Husainova E.A. , Urazbahtina L.R. , Serkina N.A. , Dolonina E.A. , Filina O.V.
Published: February 2020

Ensuring the economic security of the region is one of the key tasks of the management of the federal entity. By ensuring economic security, the priorities of the management of the region are determined, so that the system of economic security should be integrated into the development management system of the socio-economic system of the region and perform an information and analytical function in it, which requires the development and introduction of economic security monitoring tools into the regional development management system. The article formulated an algorithm integration tools for monitoring threats to economic security in the regional economic development of the control system the methodical approach to assessing threats to regional economic security.
Development of optical-electronic systems for the study of temporal trends in the atmosphere composition and temporal variations of the Earth’s climate
Authors: Moskalenko N.I. , Parzhin S.N. , Dodov I.R. , Hamidullina M.S. , Akhmetshin A.R.
Published: February 2020

Optical-electronic system for atmospheric composition registration is considered. It is intended to identify the influence of anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere on its optical properties and the Earth’s climate on a planetary scale. Anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere increase due to the growth of planet population and expansion of its economic activity. The increasing scale of influence of various ingredients of anthropogenic emissions on the atmosphere requires studying their optical properties and carrying out research on the atmospheric composition in order to identify temporal trends in the concentrations of small and trace components of the atmosphere and their influence on changes in the Earth’s climate.
Management innovation through the formation of corporate memory model
Authors: Novichkova Alexandra , Malygina Olga , Trofimova Tatiana , Lomovtseva Anna , Avdonkina Valeria , Rybkina Olga
Published: February 2020

The Russian Corporation has to work on new principles of functioning in modern social and economic conditions, and implementation of innovative activity is undoubtedly the main and necessary condition which should be created for it. However, innovative activity of the organization depends on maintaining and developing competencies in a straight line, for which, in turn, the corporate memory is needed as a certain framework. In this paper, the role and tasks of corporate memory in the innovation process is considered, its sources are given, and the stages of corporate memory functioning model are presented.
Inclinometric method for determining the mechanical state of an overhead power transmission line
Authors: Sadykov M.F. , Yaroslavsky D.A. , Ivanov D.A. , Tyurin V.A. , Galiyeva T.G. , Goryachev M.P.
Published: February 2020

Mechanical deformations when a wire is stretched causes its rotation around its axis, which allows obtaining additional information about the wire behavior in an overhead transmission line and considering it no longer as a group of sections from one span but as a whole interconnected section with redistribution of mechanical loads between spans. To determine the tensile strength of wire by its torsion, a method for determining the mechanical parameters of an overhead transmission line was developed. It is based on the inclinometric method and the theory of force calculation of steel ropes. This technique takes into account the torsion, the angle of inclination and the wire temperature. The technique is implemented in the system for monitoring the status of overhead power lines. It takes into account the torsion angle of the wire and helps to prevent emergencies on the overhead power line by determining the tensile strength of the wire, checking for defects in wires of the overhead power line and defects in the suspension armature. The monitoring system includes control devices, data collection and data processing center, a dispatcher software package. Control devices are installed directly on the wire/ground wire of an overhead power line and are used to measure the angle of rotation, the angle of inclination and the wire temperature. The data collection and data processing station processes them according to the developed methodology in specialized software. The system for monitoring the status of overhead power lines based on the inclinometric method helps to prevent emergencies and reduce the economic costs of maintaining and restoring overhead power lines.
To the matter of automatic stabilization of optical emission wavelength of He-Ne laser
Authors: Akhmetshina T.A. , Il’in G.I. , Il’in A.G. , Fayzullin R.R.
Published: February 2020

The work is devoted to solving problem of long-term synchronization of optical coherent emission of a helium-neon laser in the automatic mode, which can be used in particular in portable gravitational field detectors. A block diagram of the system that solves this problem is presented, the principle of operation is described. Much attention is also paid to existing solutions, their shortcomings are described.
Automated process control system of regional substations retrofit
Authors: Mirgaleeva A.R. , Gilfanov K.H.
Published: February 2020

The article presents data on the state of the Digital Substation technology in Russia. Also voiced the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. Since the main disadvantage is the economic inexpediency of introducing digital substations, the article proposed a method to improve the reliability of electricity supply to regional areas.
Influence of sensitivity and specifity of measuring methods on their informativity and hardware requirements
Authors: Andreev N.K.
Published: February 2020

This paper is devoted to discussion how the sensitivity and specificity of a physical quantity under measurement to other physical, chemical and biologic features influence the information volume circulating in a smart system that, i.e. to the degree of smartness. Measurement systems in the fields of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acoustic inspection and optical control of high voltage insulators are discussed in connection with the devices development. It is considered how the addition of new measuring channels in optics, acoustics and MRI influences the images‘ quality and how it affects data processing and hardware requirements.
Current issues of information technologies application in electric power industry
Authors: Torkunova J.V. , Habrieva M.N. , Plotnikova L.V.
Published: February 2020

The article considers the problems of IT development in the power industry. During the studies the analysis of the competitive advantages of information technologies was carried out and the following functional features of information systems were revealed: Material Requirements Planning (MRP), Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Enterprise Resource & Relationship Processing (ERP II), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM). The authors also justify the incentives for the development of intelligent technologies in the electric power industry. The main purpose of the study was to substantiate that management capabilities based on IT create the conditions for innovative development of the industry. The digitalization of the energy sector, intelligent metering and distribution systems for the electric power present new requirements for the training of IT specialists. Analysis of the main current IT trends in the power sector helps to justify the need for the use of the Internet services during laboratory work in the educational process.
Transformer EMF in differential equations of synchronous generators
Authors: Tokarev L.N.
Published: February 2020

The article presents differential equations of a synchronous generator transformed according to the theory of two reactions, that is, in the axes d-q. We consider the influence of transformer EMF on transients. We prove that for the accurate calculation of transients in an electric power system it is necessary to use differential equations of the synchronous generator taking into account the transformer EMF in its stator.
Features of evaluating the efficiency indicators of the electric power enterprise
Authors: Novikova O.V. , Erastov A.E. , Livshits S.A.
Published: February 2020

The electric power industry is at the dynamic development stage, which is accompanied by reconstruction and modernization of fixed assets. It is necessary to understand that this process leads to the risks that the company will bear in the innovative projects implementation. In this regard, the issues on electric power enterprise efficiency management are relevant. In addition, in market economy, the factors of both external and internal environment can affect the efficiency of an enterprise. The set of these factors, as well as the strength of their influence can vary depending on the industry and enterprise’s activities. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to formulate a system of recommendations for managing the efficiency of an electric power enterprise. The object of research is the electric power enterprise of IDGC of the NorthWest, PJSC. The result of the study is an econometric model, which describes the influence of external and internal factors on the electric power enterprise efficiency. The recommendations developed on the basis of this econometric model are relevant for the construction of strategies and management systems for the efficient operation of electric power enterprises.
Certain economic instruments as a factor of realizing the potential of using alternative energy sources in Russia
Authors: Ponomareva Nadejda , Zvereva Anna , Golubtsova Ekaterina , Ilyashenko Svetlana , Ivanov Gennady
Published: February 2020

With each passing year, the problem of using alternative energy sources is gaining increasing attention, since the energy of the sun, water and wind, unlike hydrocarbons, belongs to practically inexhaustible resources. Besides this, alternative energy sources are relatively environmentally friendly, so any country is interested in using them. One of the factors affecting the increase of energy generation from alternative sources is the legal regulation of this area by the government. In many foreign countries a number of conceptual, doctrinal and program documents are adopted and implemented, which are dealing with the use of renewable energy sources. In order to stimulate the use of alternative energy sources, the governments of some countries create favorable conditions for attracting investment in the development of this sector, which, further, not only creates new jobs, but also has a generally positive effect on the economy.