bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Strategy Adaptations on Tidal Flood in The Coastal Areas of Sayung, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rudiarto I , Rengganis H , Sarasadi A , Caesar E
Published: April 2020

Sayung is one of sub-district of Demak Regency which located in the northside of the coastal area. For the last few decades, the coastal area has become a tidal flood cause of climate change, and human activities that have had an impact on social, economic and environmental aspects. The various adaptation efforts had been done to confronting the tidal flood phenomena. The purpose of this study to identify the effectivity of adaptation’s strategy which related to the tidal flood phenomena. The required data includes the adaptation’s activities, the financial adaptation’s activities, the socio-cultural adaptation’s activities that have obtained more than 100 household samples. Those samples have distributed in the four villages namely as Sriwulan, Bedono, Timbulsloko and Surodadi villages in the northside of Sayung sub-district coastal area. The data are obtained by scoring method through the questionnaires. This study can be provided as the effectivity level description of the completed adaptation efforts to decreasing the tidal flood risks or impacts. So that, the results of the efforts were landfill, floor elevations, household-furniture raising, highly effective. But, Sriwulan local people argued that the household-furniture raising was ineffectively being the solution, if it cannot be balanced with the others adaptations for solving the tidal flood phenomena.
Measuring Community Resilience to the Tsunami Disaster (Study of Sukarame Village, Carita District, Pandeglang Regency)
Authors: Sari D A P , Soesilo T E B
Published: April 2020

Pandeglang Regency has the potential of a tsunami disaster due to its location, which is close to the megathrust segment of the Sunda Strait. The tsunami disaster caused negative impacts such as death, loss of property, and damage, which could be lessened by increasing community resilience aimed at reducing the disaster risk. Community resilience is related to the community’s ability to recover from shocks or pressure to its original state. A resilient community can return to its previous state relatively quickly. It is crucial to know the tsunami disaster resilience index in Pandeglang Regency to obtain recommendations or concepts for tsunami disaster mitigation that are appropriate in creating community resilience to tsunami disasters in Pandeglang Regency. The purpose of this study was to measure community resilience to the tsunami disaster in Sukarame Village, Carita District, Pandeglang Regency using The Integrated Concept of Community Resilience (ICCR), which was adjusted to the conditions of the study area. Measurement indicators are developed based on internal and external factors that affect community resilience, such as social, cultural and economic capital, disaster risk governance, and disaster-based spatial planning. The analysis is based on data from the household questionnaire, which is then transcribed into statistically analyzed indicators. The results show that the combination of the social, cultural and economic capital, as well as the disaster risk governance index is medium, while the disaster-based spatial planning index is low. The ICCR index in Sukarame Village is in the medium category. It is necessary to improve disaster risk governance and disaster-based spatial planning in this area to reduce the tsunami risk that may occur in the future.
Natural Treatment of Desalination Process for Brackish Water
Authors: Nisala R W , Zaman B , Sudarno
Published: April 2020

Brackish water has a salt content between 500 to 17000 mg/l. If people consumption of brackish water, it impacts health problems and making plants wither or die. Groundwater become brackish is caused by sea water intrusion. Therefore, desalination technology is needed to process brackish water into fresh water. Natural material is predicted to be an alternative for desalination process. Natural zeolite is more used because they have abundant excess availability, lower operational costs, and have a high adsorption. More research is needed to determine the right activation method for zeolite so that the effectiveness of decreasing salinity can increase. In the initial study using natural zeolites with chemically activated, the reduction efficiency (ɳ) reached ∼ 99.54%. From the results of these natural treatment, zeolite have the ability to reduce of salinity. This article is a review of several previous studies.
The Potential Impact Analysis of Ammonia Gas Leakage On Refrigeration System Using Aloha Software (Case Study At PT. Cahaya Gunung Foods)
Authors: Purnama R , Syafrudin S , Huboyo H S
Published: April 2020

A refrigeration system uses Ammonia Anhydrous in the liquid phase and the gas phase. The refrigeration system has the potential for gas leakage, which poses a risk to worker safety as well as environmental pollution to water bodies and air pollution. This risk might have an impact on employees in the factory area and could extend to the surrounding community. This study is intended to be able to analyze the risk of pollution accurately before installing the refrigeration installation. In this study, the analysis method that will be used is the statistical method and the use of mathematical models supported by Aloha software. The distribution of pollutants from ammonia gas leakage is influenced by several factors, including the capacity of the refrigeration system, meteorological conditions, and land use. The use of Aloha software in the prediction of zones affected by the spread of toxic substances in the atmosphere can calculate and predict the area affected by leakage events. With modelling done, will get a map of concentration and impacted area. The direction and magnitude of the impact of pollution will be known immediately, and the potential losses that may arise will be minimized.
Knowledge of Local Communities Affected by the Development of Geothermal Energy
Authors: Malau H , Fajri H , Yuanjaya P , Saputra B , Maani K D
Published: April 2020

Geothermal, in global discourse, is approved as renewable and environmentally friendly energy. This has made rapid developments in recent years, one of which is in Indonesia. Even so, this discourse was not well explored for the local community. Thus, they do not get the correct information about this energy. This research aims to study people’s perceptions about the development of geothermal energy. This research is a case study in Pauh Duo Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Regency, Indonesia, where the MuaraLaboh geothermal power plant was developed. We use descriptive quantitative methods and are supported by survey methods to get people’s opinions about the development of geothermal energy. The results show the fact that people still have limited knowledge about geothermal energy. This is caused by the lack of socialization by the government or companies regarding geothermal energy.
Land Subsidence Prone Areas Identification in Yogyakarta City using Sentinel-1 Imageries
Authors: Zein F M , Shidiq I P A , Rokhmatuloh
Published: April 2020

Yogyakarta is the city with the raising in population growth every year. Population growth demands more land and water consumption. Land-use changes from natural to a built-up area like residential or commercial areas will increase the load of the land and decrease the water infiltration area. The intensively land-use changes have been lowering the ground-watersurface with an average rate of 30 centimeters per year. The increase of land load and the lowering of the ground-water surface are implications of land subsidence. This study aims to map and to estimate the rate of land subsidence in Yogyakarta City. This study used remote sensing technology, especially an active remote sensing system. An Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique applied form Sentinel-1 radar satellite imageries can show the location and pattern of land subsidence. This study shows that there is subsidence in the city of Yogyakarta. The total subsidence that occurred in 2015 to 2017 did not show any specific pattern, whereas in 2019 & 2019 there was an increase in the intensity of subsidence in the southeast.
Study of inundation control on Kelayan Regional Inundation Handling Unit in Banjarmasin, South Borneo
Authors: Ramadhani E L , Triatmodjo B , Pratiwi E P A
Published: April 2020

Inundation occurred in high density urban areas is a major issue especially in low land because it potentially damage the affected infrastructure. In this research, a case was taken in Kelayan Regional Inundation Handling Unit in Banjarmasin City, South Borneo. The purpose of this study is to determine cause of the inundation and provide recommendation for reduced it. The hydrological analysis was calculated by using the rational method, using data from Sungai Tabuk Rain Station that 24 years long. From the discharge obtained, then the required channel dimensions could be calculated and compared with the existing channel dimensions. The hydraulic analysis was performed by HEC-RAS model with the discharge as boundary condition, and topographic data to determine channel elevation. As the results, the existing drainage channels can only cover 39.85% of the entire area, and almost all of these existing channels cannot drain the discharge that occurs, therefore it becomes an inundation. For example, channel number 4.C.14c the existing channel has 0.5m width and 0.7m depth, it caused inundation as high as 39cm upstream. After normalized the channel by increasing the dimensions to 2.1m width and 1.3m depth, the discharge does not overflow so there is no inundation.
Tabu Search for Route Determination and Scheduling Waste Transportation Bandung City West Bandung Region (Case Study: PD. Kebersihan Kota Bandung)
Authors: Yogaswara Y , Fatin F F
Published: April 2020

PD. Kebersihan Kota Bandung has been facing one of the problems related to vehicle routing since the route used for waste transport by the company currently does not pay attention to the location and distance of the TPS to be visited, resulting in a longer total distance of 564, 30 km. With the current routes, the company does not have a definite schedule of waste transport, this problem concern involve for waste heap. Therefore, VRP research was conducted to determine the transportation of waste routes in West Bandung area by producing solutions that can be proposed to reduce the total distances. The research was solved using the Tabu Search method, the application of this method requires the initial solution. In this study, the saving and sequential method insertion used to create the initial solution, then the initial solution was done repair by using the Tabu Search algorithm. The result of data processing with tabu Search generates 15 routes with the total mileage for each day of 448.48 km. Total distance generated by Tabu Search resulted in a decline of 115.82 km or give a savings of 20.53% from total distance with the current route.
Biological Oxygent Demand (BOD5) as Bio Indicator of Phytoplankton Diversity Index in The Mangrove Area of Kintap Estuary - South Kalimantan
Authors: Mizwar A , Surapati H U
Published: April 2020

Indonesia as a country that has the largest mangrove area in the world, of course contributes significantly to global climate change. It is known, the mangrove area is an area with abundant biodiversity. The existence of various industrial activities, such as oil palm plantations or special coal port operations make the mangrove area can receive negative impacts. Bio-indicators are living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment. They are used for assessing environmental health and bio geographic changes taking place in the environment. The ability of microorganisms to reform the biodegradation process is an indicator of pollutants in the waters. In the process, microorganisms require or consume more dissolved oxygen (DO). So, the higher the concentration of BOD5, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is reduced. This research uses the grab sampling method, which is done 4 times in one year for water quality sampling (BOD5) and aquatic biota samples. The results of this research, showed a significant positive correlation regarding the concentration of BOD5 on biodiversity in mangrove areas. Thus, BOD5 concentration can also be used as an bio-indicator of the quality biodiversity of mangrove areas.
Impact of Leachate Recirculation on Stabilization of Solid Wastes Leachate in Simulated Anaerobic Bioreactors
Authors: Priyambada I B , Oktiawan W
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of leachate recirculation on decreasing organic pollutant content in leachate which was investigated in a laboratory-scale experiment using simulated landfill anaerobic biorecators (lysimeters). Leachate used in this study was artificial leachate which was made in high concentrations (BOD 3, 758.19 mg/l and COD 7, 406.67 mg/l) and low concentrations (BOD 641.30 mg/l and COD 1, 279.33 mg/l). Leachate recirculation was carried out on biodegradable waste in reactors with two operating conditions. The first group of reactors was operated with high concentration leachate and the second group was operated with low concentrations leachate. Each operation condition is carried out on 10 reactors which were arranged in series, while the reactor R1 as a control (single pass reactor) was operated without leachate recirculation. Recirculation is carried out every day for 90 days. BOD and COD in leachate samples were regularly monitored every week with two repetitions (duplo). The results indicate that leachate recirculation further increases the reduction of BOD and COD concentrations when compared with reactors without leachate recirculation. Removal of BOD in R1 reactors with addition of low and high concentrations leachate are 68% and 68.13% respectively. While removal of BOD in reactors with addition of low and high leachate concentrations are 83.98% and 92.15%. In general, reactors with leachate recirculation have higher BOD and COD removal compared to reactors without leachate recirculation.
Compatibility and effectivity of various mycorrhizal sources with cassava varieties in Gunungkidul
Authors: Astuti A , Mulyono  , Haryono  , Putri A E
Published: April 2020

This study aims at understanding the interaction between various mycorrhizal sources and three local cassava varieties of Gunungkidul, specifically on their compatibility, population, mycorrhizal diversity, and their effect on cassava growth. The experiments were conducted based on Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with experimental factors using three treatments in triplicates. The experimental factors included three cassava varieties and various sources of mycorrhiza. The results demonstrated that among the interactions of various mycorrhizas with three local cassava varieties of Gunungkidul, the highest infection was seen from Mentega cultivar inoculated with indigenous mycorrhiza of the Alfisol soil of Gunungkidul (95%). Mycorrhizal diversity using indigenous mycorrhiza of Alfisol soil was higher than mycorrhiza of pandan rhizosphere and commercial inoculant, and the dominant mycorrhiza type was of spores belonging to genus Glomus. On the other hand, the indigenous mycorrhiza of Alfisol soil inoculant on various cassava varieties demonstrated similar effect and yielded the same number of spores, root length, and plant dry weight; despite the fact that on Kirik cultivar growth, the significant difference was observed on the plant height, leaf number and fresh net weight.
Effectiveness of citronella, clove, and neem essential oil mix formulas against budok disease of patchouli plant
Authors: Hartati S Y
Published: April 2020

Synchytrium pogostemonisis a fungal pathogen causes budok disease of patchouli plant. A research to control the disease was conducted at Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute. The research was purposed to evaluate effectiveness of mix combination and single formulas of citronella, clove, and neem essential oils against the disease. Two synthetic fungicides (benomyl and bourdeaux mixture) were also tested, as well as, water as a control treatment. One month-old patchouli plants were sprayed with single and mix combination formulas of those three essential oils (5 ml/l), benomyl (3 g/l), bourdeaux mixture (1 g/l) and water as much as (100-200 ml/plant) every two weeks for 5 times respectively. The result indicated that the mix essential oil formula of (neem+citronella) was the most effective in reducing budok disease incidence. Its effectiveness was higher (56.51%) then benomyl (47.82%) and bourdeaux mixture (52.18%). The mix formula of (citronella+neem) could be recommended for controlling budok disease of patchouli. The use of essential oil mix formulas, hopefully could control budok disease, inhibit the resistance of target pathogen, reduce phytotoxicity and concentration of the more toxic essential oil once, as well as, reduce the uses of synthetic pesticides.
Physic-chemical characteristic of nata de coco
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E , Widyaputri S , Sutanto
Published: April 2020

The fermentation technology for processing nata de coco can be used by using coconut water waste sources and the use ofAcetobacter xylinumbacteria. The purpose of this study is to analyze the physico-chemical quality of nata de coco produced by using a combination of sources of raw materials and their concentration on the quality of the nata de coco produced. The methodology for making the basic formula used 5 grams of nitrogen, ammonium sulfate and acetic acid in coconut water. The treatment used is in the form of using a variety of carbon sources in the form of granulated sugar, pineapple honey, tapioca and molasses with variations in concentrations of 3, 6 and 9%. The data obtained is then analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Software. Based on the results of analysis, the results show that the different uses of source types and carbon concentrations significantly affect physical characteristics such as thickness, weight, residual water volume, color, hardness, frequency and value of TPT from nata de coco produced. The highest levels of crude fiber and cellulose were obtained from the treatment of 3% tapioca flour carbon sources of 0.68% and 0.78%. SEM observations of the treatment of 3% tapioca flour with a magnification of 10,000 times the actual size with cellulose tape sizes ranging from 120.8 nm to 155.5 nm with irregular shapes and uneven surface texture. The results of the FTIR spectrum of cellulose nata de coco treatment of 3% tapioca flour there was a group absorption peak at wave number 3392.17 cm-1, vibration was at wave number 1402.55 cm-1, 1052.86 cm-1, 1110.02 cm-1 1629.47 cm-1.
Analysis quantitative of flavonoid content in moringa leaves comes from Sigi Biromaru, Palu, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Nuryanti S , Purwaningsih H
Published: April 2020

Moringa is a multifunctional vegetable plant so that all parts of this Moringa plant can be used as a food source because it contains active compounds and complete nutrition. Moringa is widely used because it is beneficial to health. Many compounds in Moringa leaves are very beneficial for health, one of which is plavonoid compounds. An analysis of the flavonoid content in Moringa leaves has been analyzed. Analysis of flavonoid content was carried out by extracting Moringa leaves with methanol-HCl 1% solvent. The extract was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis showed flavonoid in young and old leaves in 100 g of the samples respectively 0.0839 mg and 0.0327 mg.
Effect of planting and harvesting time on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Var. Gambyong
Authors: Samidjo G S , Sarjiyah
Published: April 2020

Cassava has become a premier commodity used as the raw material for local’s food production. Gunungkidul Regency is well known as the central production of cassava, thus, becoming the main reference for the consumers either persons, group, or firms. However, Cassava’s availability has remained a problem as its productivity cannot fulfill the demand of the market. Planting and harvest time are the main problem as it remains unclear, especially for local varieties at Gunungkidul regency. This research aimed to determine the proper time to plant and harvest cassava cv. Gambyong. Factorial treatments consisting of two factors were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). This first factor was the planting time (September, October, November, and December), while the second factor was the harvesting time (four, five, six, seven, eight, and nine month). There were three replications within each treatment, so that there were 72 experimental units. The result revealed that the cassava planted in September had increasing growth rate, development, and tuber yield started from 4 to 9 month of harvest time. Meanwhile, the cassava planted in October, November, and December showed decreasing growth rate, development, and tuber yield of all harvest time.
Phylogenetic relationship among taxa in the genus Pisum L. based on morphological traits
Authors: Toker C , Sari H
Published: April 2020

The number of species in the genus Pisum L. has been far from consensus since the species in the genus have been reported as two to five or as monotypic. The aim of the present study is therefore to bring to light phylogenetic relationship on morphological traits in five pea taxa including Pisum sativum L. (garden pea), P. arvense L. (Poiret.) (field pea), P. abyssinicum (A. Braun.) Govorov (Dekoko or Abyssinian pea), P. elatius (M. Bieb.) Aschers. & Graebn. and P. fulvum Sib. & Sm. using multivariate cluster analysis (MCA). According to MCA analysis, P. sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum and P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense were clustered in the same group, whereas P. sativum subsp. abyssinicum was closer to these two taxa. Although wild species including P. sativum subsp. elatius and P. fulvum were found to be different from the cultivated species, P. fulvum was distinctly different from the other taxa. Results suggested that the similarity among taxa was found as the following order:

P. sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum,

P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense,

P. sativum subsp. abyssinicum,

P. sativum subsp. elatius and

P. fulvum
Ethnobotany study of Jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides) as a source of nutrition quality improvement on the South Coastal people in West Java
Authors: Wardah  , Ariani D
Published: April 2020

Community income of West Java coastal areas ranging from Pelabuhan Ratu area to the coastal area of Leuweung Sancang in South Garut, West Java is fishing. Their daily life is very dependent on the results of fishing in the sea. Livelihoods like this are highly dependent on the condition of the seasons. This makes the life of coastal communities are often categorized as food insecure communities. The longer dry season than the rainy season adds to the livelihood of the community tends to suffer from food insecurity. Jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides) is one of the plant species that grows on the coast, has tubers containing a high source of carbohydrates and mineral content which can be utilized by the community to overcome such dry conditions. This research was conducted from 2016-2018 in several villages, namely the coast of Kerta Jaya Village (Sukabumi Regency), Cidamar (Cianjur Selatan, Cianjur Regency), Cikelet, Cijambe, Cigadog, Mancagahar, Pameungpeuk, Leuweung Sancang (Garut Regency), West Java. Ethnobotany study of Jalawure is discussed in this manuscript.
The Evolution of Patients’ and Surgeons’ Perspectives Towards the Role of the Internet and Social Media in Breast Augmentation Over 5 Years
Authors: Montemurro Paolo , Tay Vincent K S , Hedén Per
Published: April 2020

Background

The influence of the internet and social media (SoMe) in the decision-making of patients is recognized. Plastic surgeons are aware of this trend but are entangled between ethics, professionalism, and business acumen.

Objectives

In this study, the authors presented the evolution of perspectives of patients and surgeons recruited through a private clinic over 5 years.

Methods

A questionnaire was administered to patients consulting for primary breast augmentation in 2014, 2017, and 2019. Plastic surgeons who worked at or visited the Akademikliniken in 2014, 2017, and 2019 completed a separate questionnaire.

Results

In total, 1646 patient responses were collected. Patients who started their information gathering with the internet increased from 68.0% to 72.9%, and 94.1% of patients looked for information about aesthetic surgery on the internet before their consultation. Patients who read about aesthetic surgery on SoMe increased 29.1%. Of 462 surgeons recruited, 62% opined that the majority of patients had gathered information online before consultation. Fewer surgeons in 2019 thought that the internet and SoMe led to better information (down from 61.7% to 35.2%). An increase from 38.3% to 65.3% of surgeons attributed it to unrealistic expectations. However, only 9.7% of surgeons would support removal of plastic surgery material from SoMe compared with 21.9% in 2014.

Conclusions

The increased utilization and influence of the internet and SoMe on patients and surgeons is rapid. Aesthetic plastic surgeons must equip themselves to cope with the risks and capitalize on the opportunity for patient engagement and public education.
Distinct Life Histories Impact Dikaryotic Genome Evolution in the Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis Causing Stripe Rust in Wheat
Authors: Schwessinger Benjamin , Chen Yan-Jun , Tien Richard , Vogt Josef Korbinian , Sperschneider Jana , Nagar Ramawatar , McMullan Mark , Sicheritz-Ponten Thomas , Sørensen Chris K , Hovmøller Mogens Støvring , Rathjen John P , Justesen Annemarie Fejer
Published: April 2020

Stripe rust of wheat, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, is a major threat to wheat production worldwide with an estimated yearly loss of US $1 billion. The recent advances in long-read sequencing technologies and tailored-assembly algorithms enabled us to disentangle the two haploid genomes of Pst. This provides us with haplotype-specific information at a whole-genome level. Exploiting this novel information, we perform whole-genome comparative genomics of two P. striiformis f.sp. tritici isolates with contrasting life histories. We compare one isolate of the old European lineage (PstS0), which has been asexual for over 50 years, and a Warrior isolate (PstS7 lineage) from a novel incursion into Europe in 2011 from a sexual population in the Himalayan region. This comparison provides evidence that long-term asexual evolution leads to genome expansion, accumulation of transposable elements, and increased heterozygosity at the single nucleotide, structural, and allele levels. At the whole-genome level, candidate effectors are not compartmentalized and do not exhibit reduced levels of synteny. Yet we were able to identify two subsets of candidate effector populations. About 70% of candidate effectors are invariant between the two isolates, whereas 30% are hypervariable. The latter might be involved in host adaptation on wheat and explain the different phenotypes of the two isolates. Overall, this detailed comparative analysis of two haplotype-aware assemblies of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici is the first step in understanding the evolution of dikaryotic rust fungi at a whole-genome level.
IT MAKES ME FEEL LIKE I’M NOT ALONE: GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS’ DISCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT
Authors: Freeman Jessica , Elton Jessica
Published: April 2020

This study investigated skipped-generation “grandfamily” caregivers’ sources of social support. Skipped-generation “grandfamilies” are defined as families in which grandparents co-reside with and take on parental responsibilities for grandchildren (Shakya, et al., 2012). Nearly 2.6 million U.S. grandparents are responsible for at least one grandchild (Generations United, 2017). How grandparent caregivers seek social support is an important topic of research because social support has the potential to influence health, personal relationships, and sense of self-worth (Burleson, 1990, 2003; Sarason & Sarason, 2009; Vangelisti, 2009). Thus, this exploratory study looked at if, why/why not, and how skipped-generation grandparents seek social support. The study also elaborated upon which types of social support grandparent caregivers described receiving. Interviews were conducted with grandparents (N = 21) who identified as primary caregiver for at least one grandchild. Two independent coders analyzed transcripts, applying Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis. Results revealed that several grandparent caregivers report a sense of isolation and do not seek out formalized support structures due to lack of time, sense of connection, or interest. On the other hand, others receive social support formally and informally, via a number of channels including support groups (online and in-person), trained professionals, and friends/family. Following Cutrona and Suhr’s (1992) social support categorization, the results indicate that grandparent caregivers most often seek support falling into categories ranging from informational/advice, emotional, tangible, and networking.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HOSPITALIZED OLDER ADULTS WITH RECURRENT CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE: INTERVENTION OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Boone Anna , Kennedy-Malone Laurie , McCoy Thomas , Lekan Deborah A , Wallace Debra , Rourk Robert
Published: April 2020

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause for gastroenteritis-associated deaths (Hall et al., 2012). Risk factors include advanced age, antibiotic use, and hospital admission, yet multiple others are not widely known. CDI recurrence risk may be as high as 40% after initial treatment (Garey et al., 2008; Kelly & Lamont, 2008). Older adults may present atypically, and treatment guidelines for initial and recurrent CDI have evolved from older standards. A retrospective cohort research study explored characteristics of hospitalized adults ages 55 and older with CDI between December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2015, identified by ICD diagnosis codes. Recurrence within one year, laboratory measurements, chronic diseases, and psychosocial data were captured from the electronic health record (EHR). Over the study period, 871 patients had a recurrence rate of 23.9% (n=208). Caucasian females comprised over half the sample, and 9.1% expired during initial hospitalization. Almost two-thirds (n=576, 66.1%) lived in private residences prior to admission. CDI recurrence was more prevalent if discharged to skilled nursing facility and home health care services. Hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease were most prevalent in the recurrent CDI group. Polypharmacy was noted in over two-thirds of sample. A large portion of the sample displayed hypoalbuminemia on admission.Utilizing the EHR to aggregate data promotes interventions to reduce recurrence, prolonged stay, and aggressive treatment per current guidelines. Multidisciplinary approaches include deprescribing, nutritional support, and chronic disease management. Person-centered care and individualized interventions should begin on admission with close outpatient follow-up and hopeful reduced readmissions.
CRITICAL ASPECTS OF MOBILITY FOR IMPROVING PATIENT OUTCOMES AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: Tsay Tiffany , Schrack Jennifer A , Depenbrock Allyse , Wanigatunga Amal A , Urbanek Jacek , Brown Charles H
Published: April 2020

Physical activity after major cardiac surgery has been associated with length of stay, discharge location, risk of readmission, and functional change. However, in-hospital mobility is not currently assessed in a standardized way with nurse reports being the primary mechanism of tracking patient activity. Furthermore, it is unclear whether it is the total amount, frequency, or type of activity that is most important for improving patient outcomes post-surgery. To better understand the duration, frequency, and intensity of patient activity post-cardiac surgery, we conducted an observational study of 206 patients using a wrist-worn accelerometer and ankle-worn pedometer. Patients with lower levels of average daily pedometer-based ambulation in the first four days post-surgery, when compared to counterparts who ambulated more, had higher odds of a longer length of stay (OR=4.55, p<0.0001) or being discharged to rehab vs. home (OR=7.7 p=0.012), independent of age, race, bypass time, and EuroSCORE (cardiac surgery risk score). Engaging in an average of less than two bouts of accelerometer-derived activity lasting 5 minutes or more each day was associated with higher odds of having a longer length of stay (OR=2.69, p=0.008) or being discharged to rehab vs. home (OR=20.9, p=0.019). A slower speed of recovery during the first four postoperative days, characterized by a smaller increase in pedometer-based ambulation with each successive day, was also associated with higher odds of being discharged to rehab vs. home (OR=6.62, p=0.008). Further research is needed to develop appropriate frequency and activity thresholds for use as intervention tools to improve patient outcomes post-surgery.
ADAPTIVE GARDENING PRACTICES AMONG OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS IN DETROIT
Authors: Robbins Jessica C , Seibel Kimberly
Published: April 2020

It is well established that gardening can promote physical, social, and emotional wellbeing for many older adults in varied circumstances (Milligan, Gatrell, and Bingley 2004; Nicklett, Anderson, and Yen 2016; Wang and MacMillan 2013). In post-industrial cities formed by historical and ongoing processes of structural inequality such as Detroit, Michigan, gardening is beneficial for residents in terms of health, economic activity, community-building, and city beautification (Lawson 2005; Pitt 2014; Pothukuchi 2015; White 2011). However, research has less frequently investigated how gardening can promote wellbeing for older adults living in contexts of urban structural inequality. This poster addresses this gap by exploring how older African American gardeners in Detroit adapt their gardening practices to changing physical abilities and capacities. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted during one gardening season (March-October 2017) with older African Americans in Detroit (n= 27), we employ a selective-optimization-with-compensation framework (Baltes and Baltes 1990) to understand the modifications that older Detroiters make in their gardening practices as they age. Findings demonstrate that older African Americans in Detroit engage in gardening in flexible, creative ways that accommodate new physical limitations, while also connecting to changes occurring in the city of Detroit. This study thus has implications for further understanding how gardening can benefit older adults, and how older adults can contribute vitality to contexts of structural inequality.
CORRECTING GLUTATHIONE DEFICIENCY REVERSES MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND ACCELERATED AGING IN PATIENTS WITH HIV
Authors: Sekhar Rajagopal V , Kumar Premranjan , Suliburk James , Minard Charles G , Liu Chun
Published: April 2020

Patients with HIV (PWH) have ‘accelerated’ aging based on early manifestation of geriatric comorbidities of declining physical-function, elevated inflammation, insulin-resistance, cognitive-impairment and abdominal-obesity, but contributing mechanisms are not well understood and interventions are lacking. We hypothesized that deficiency of the intracellular-antioxidant Glutathione results in impaired mitochondrial fuel-oxidation (MFO) and contributes to these defects, and that supplementing Glutathione precursors glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) could improve these defects. In an open-label trial, 8 PWH were studied before and after 12-weeks of GlyNAC supplementation (and 8-weeks after stopping GlyNAC), and compared to 8 matched, unsupplemented, uninfected controls. PWH had significantly impaired MFO, abnormal molecular regulation of MFO, muscle Glutathione deficiency, physical decline, cognitive-impairment, and higher oxidative-stress, inflammation, insulin-resistance and total body fat. GlyNAC supplementation significantly improved these defects, but benefits receded on stopping GlyNAC. These data suggest that GlyNAC supplementation could reverse ‘accelerated aging’ in PWH by improving defects linked to impaired MFO.
Gradient-induced droplet motion over soft solids
Authors: Bardall Aaron , Chen Shih-Yuan , Daniels Karen E , Shearer Michael
Published: April 2020

Fluid droplets can be induced to move over rigid or flexible surfaces under external or body forces. We describe the effect of variations in material properties of a flexible substrate as a mechanism for motion. In this paper, we consider a droplet placed on a substrate with either a stiffness or surface energy gradient and consider its potential for motion via coupling to elastic deformations of the substrate. In order to clarify the role of contact angles and to obtain a tractable model, we consider a 2D droplet. The gradients in substrate material properties give rise to asymmetric solid deformation and to unequal contact angles, thereby producing a force on the droplet. We then use a dynamic viscoelastic model to predict the resulting dynamics of droplets. Numerical results quantifying the effect of the gradients establish that it is more feasible to induce droplet motion with a gradient in surface energy. The results show that the magnitude of elastic modulus gradient needed to induce droplet motion exceeds experimentally feasible limits in the production of soft solids and is therefore unlikely as a passive mechanism for cell motion. In both cases, of surface energy or elastic modulus, the threshold to initiate motion is achieved at lower mean values of the material properties.
Microsensors in plant biology: in vivo visualization of inorganic analytes with high spatial and/or temporal resolution
Authors: Pedersen Ole , Revsbech Niels Peter , Shabala Sergey
Published: April 2020

This Expert View provides an update on the recent development of new microsensors, and briefly summarizes some novel applications of existing microsensors, in plant biology research. Two major topics are covered: (i) sensors for gaseous analytes (O2, CO2, and H2S); and (ii) those for measuring concentrations and fluxes of ions (macro- and micronutrients and environmental pollutants such as heavy metals). We show that application of such microsensors may significantly advance understanding of mechanisms of plant–environmental interaction and regulation of plant developmental and adaptive responses under adverse environmental conditions via non-destructive visualization of key analytes with high spatial and/or temporal resolution. Examples included cover a broad range of environmental situations including hypoxia, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. We highlight the power of combining microsensor technology with other advanced biophysical (patch–clamp, voltage–clamp, and single-cell pressure probe), imaging (MRI and fluorescent dyes), and genetic techniques and approaches. We conclude that future progress in the field may be achieved by applying existing microsensors for important signalling molecules such as NO and H2O2, by improving selectivity of existing microsensors for some key analytes (e.g. Na, Mg, and Zn), and by developing new microsensors for P.
Plasticity of nuclear and cytoplasmic stress responses of RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Backlund Michael , Stein Frank , Rettel Mandy , Schwarzl Thomas , Perez-Perri Joel I , Brosig Annika , Zhou Yang , Neu-Yilik Gabriele , Hentze Matthias W , Kulozik Andreas E
Published: April 2020

Cellular stress causes multifaceted reactions to trigger adaptive responses to environmental cues at all levels of the gene expression pathway. RNA-binding proteins (RBP) are key contributors to stress-induced regulation of RNA fate and function. Here, we uncover the plasticity of the RNA interactome in stressed cells, differentiating between responses in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. We applied enhanced RNA interactome capture (eRIC) analysis preceded by nucleo-cytoplasmic fractionation following arsenite-induced oxidative stress. The data reveal unexpectedly compartmentalized RNA interactomes and their responses to stress, including differential responses of RBPs in the nucleus versus the cytoplasm, which would have been missed by whole cell analyses.
NOREVA: enhanced normalization and evaluation of time-course and multi-class metabolomic data
Authors: Yang Qingxia , Wang Yunxia , Zhang Ying , Li Fengcheng , Xia Weiqi , Zhou Ying , Qiu Yunqing , Li Honglin , Zhu Feng
Published: April 2020

Biological processes (like microbial growth & physiological response) are usually dynamic and require the monitoring of metabolic variation at different time-points. Moreover, there is clear shift from case-control (N=2) study to multi-class (N>2) problem in current metabolomics, which is crucial for revealing the mechanisms underlying certain physiological process, disease metastasis, etc. These time-course and multi-class metabolomics have attracted great attention, and data normalization is essential for removing unwanted biological/experimental variations in these studies. However, no tool (including NOREVA 1.0 focusing only on case-control studies) is available for effectively assessing the performance of normalization method on time-course/multi-class metabolomic data. Thus, NOREVA was updated to version 2.0 by (i) realizing normalization and evaluation of both time-course and multi-class metabolomic data, (ii) integrating 144 normalization methods of a recently proposed combination strategy and (iii) identifying the well-performing methods by comprehensively assessing the largest set of normalizations (168 in total, significantly larger than those 24 in NOREVA 1.0). The significance of this update was extensively validated by case studies on benchmark datasets. All in all, NOREVA 2.0 is distinguished for its capability in identifying well-performing normalization method(s) for time-course and multi-class metabolomics, which makes it an indispensable complement to other available tools. NOREVA can be accessed at https://idrblab.org/noreva/.
To Petabytes and beyond: recent advances in probabilistic and signal processing algorithms and their application to metagenomics
Authors: Elworth R A Leo , Wang Qi , Kota Pavan K , Barberan C J , Coleman Benjamin , Balaji Advait , Gupta Gaurav , Baraniuk Richard G , Shrivastava Anshumali , Treangen Todd J
Published: April 2020

As computational biologists continue to be inundated by ever increasing amounts of metagenomic data, the need for data analysis approaches that keep up with the pace of sequence archives has remained a challenge. In recent years, the accelerated pace of genomic data availability has been accompanied by the application of a wide array of highly efficient approaches from other fields to the field of metagenomics. For instance, sketching algorithms such as MinHash have seen a rapid and widespread adoption. These techniques handle increasingly large datasets with minimal sacrifices in quality for tasks such as sequence similarity calculations. Here, we briefly review the fundamentals of the most impactful probabilistic and signal processing algorithms. We also highlight more recent advances to augment previous reviews in these areas that have taken a broader approach. We then explore the application of these techniques to metagenomics, discuss their pros and cons, and speculate on their future directions.
Single-cell RNA Analysis on ACE2 Expression Provides Insight into SARS-CoV-2 Blood Entry and Heart Injury
Authors: Guo Jieyu , Wei Xiangxiang , Li Qinhan , Li Liliang , Yang Zhaohua , Shi Yu , Qin Yue , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Xinhong , Zhi Xiuling , Meng Dan
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 is a global pandemic with high infectivity and pathogenicity, accounting for tens of thousands of deaths worldwide. Recent studies have found that the pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, shares the same cell receptor Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) with SARS-CoV. The pathological investigation of COVID-19 death showed that the lung had the characteristics of pulmonary fibrosis. However, how SARS-CoV-2 spreads from the lungs to other organs has not yet been determined. Here, we performed an unbiased evaluation of cell-type specific expression of ACE2 in healthy and fibrotic lungs, as well as in normal and failed adult human hearts, using published single-cell RNA-seq data. We found that ACE2 expression in fibrotic lungs mainly locates in arterial vascular cells, which might provide the route for bloodstream spreading of SARS-CoV-2. The failed human hearts have a higher percentage of ACE2-expressing cardiomyocytes, and SARS-CoV-2 might attack cardiomyocytes through the bloodstream in patients with heart failure.

Moreover, ACE2 was highly expressed in cells infected by RSV or MERS-CoV and in mice treated by LPS. Our findings indicate that patients with pulmonary fibrosis, heart failure, and virus infection have a higher risk and are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 might attack other organs by getting into the bloodstream. This work provides new insights into SARS-CoV-2 blood entry and heart injury and might propose a therapeutic strategy to prevent patients from developing severe complications.
Countrywide quarantine only mildly increased anxiety level during COVID-19 outbreak in China
Authors: Hu Wei , Su Li , Qiao Juan , Zhu Jing , Zhou Yi
Published: April 2020

In the recent outbreak of COVID-19, many countries have taken various kinds of quarantine measures to slow down the explosive spreading of COVID-19. Although these measures were proven to be successful in stopping the outbreak in China, the potential adverse effects of countrywide quarantine have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we performed an online survey to evaluate the psychological effects of quarantine in China using Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale in February 2020 when the outbreak was nearly peaked in China. Along with the anxiety scores, limited personal information such as age, gender, region, education, occupation and specifically, the type and duration of quarantine were collected for analysis. For a total number of 992 valid questionnaires, clinical significance of anxiety symptoms was observed in 9.58% respondents according to clinical diagnostic standards in China. Statistical results showed population with different age, education level, health status and personnel category responded differently. Other characteristics such as gender, marital status, region, and acquaintance with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 did not affect anxiety levels significantly. Respondents experienced different forms of quarantine showed different anxiety levels. Unexpectedly, longer durations of quarantine did not lead to significant increase of anxiety level. Our results suggest a rather mild psychological influence caused by the countrywide quarantine during COVID-19 outbreak in China and provided reference for other countries and regions to battle COVID-19.