bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field Collecting Protocol for Macrofungi v1
Authors: Wilson Andrew
Published: July 2019

The Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi documents the diversity of “macrofungi” in the Southern Rocky Mountain region. For the use of this collecting protocol, we use the definition of Mueller et al. (2007, Biodiversity Conservation 16:37-48) to define macrofungi as, “...distinguished by having spore-bearing structures visible to the naked eye (mushrooms, brackets, puffballs, false-truffles, cup fungi, etc.)” Macrofungal surveys and collections represent baseline data critical to understanding species diversity and distributions. To make macrofungal collections valuable for current and future research, both the physical specimen and all associated data must be of the highest quality. If we use flowering plants as an analogy, the macrofungal spore bearing structure (AKA basidiocarp or “mushroom”) is analogous to the fruit of a plant. Consequently, we tend to refer to the mushroom as the “fruit” of the fungus. The ‘business end’ of the fungus (ie. the leaves, stems, and roots) are in the form of myceliumwhich form underground or within the substrate the fungus is deriving nutrition from. Please note that this protocol focuses on the field collection process. In Appendix see Resources 1-2 for information about processing museum-quality specimens for fungal herbaria.The directions outlined in this protocol are designed to research quality mushroom collections.
FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES: THE CONCEPT AND TYPES
Authors: Sitnik A. A.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of digital economy on financial law. It is determined that in the context of economy digitalization, new technologies, on the one hand, lead to the expansion of the subject of legal regulation, and, on the other hand, they represent a tool that promotes regulation, administration, financial control and supervision. The paper discusses various types of financial technologies, primarily regulatory (RegTech) and supervisory (SupTech) ones. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the term regulatory technologies is generally inappropriate. In addition, it should be said that, in a narrow sense, financial technology provides for a set of instruments and methods used exclusively in financial markets and, in broad terms, used in all areas related to financial regulation, control and supervision.
TRANSFORMATION OF CONTRACT FORM REQUIREMENTS BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Grin O. S.
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the main issues of improving the Russian civil laws concerning the form of transaction the majority of which are associated with the adoption of the Federal Law of March 18, 2019, No. 34-FZ «On Amendments to Parts I, II and Article 1124 of Part III of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.» The adoption of amendments mentioned above was preconditioned by the implementation of the federal project «Normative Regulation of the Digital Environment» within the framework of the National Program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation.» The author highlights similarity of approaches perceived by the Russian law-maker with the provisions of international instruments, in particular the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce of 1996 and the UN Convention on «The Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts» 2005. It is concluded that, as a result of transformation of requirements for the form of contracts, 2 main variations of written form (a single document signed by the parties, and exchange of documents) and 2 basic fictions of this form (accepting by conduct of a written offer and making a transaction by electronic or other technical means) have been approved.
LEGAL FORECASTING IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL PROCEEDINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Chernykh I. I.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the study of possibilities of application of methods and means of legal forecasting for law-making, judicial law-enforcement and rendering legal assistance in the context of the development of information technology in civil proceedings. Forecasting technologies are being examined on the example of the analysis of one of draft laws in the context of civil proceedings. The article deals with the issues of formation of working groups of futurologists, data collection during examination of the forecast background using digital technologies, creation of forecast legal models in assessing legal risks with the use of computer software applications. The author emphasizes the importance of participation of academic community in legal forecasting, as well as the need to develop the foundations of legal regulation of the use of prognostic technologies and the need for the State control in this area.
LABOUR LAW ADAPTATION TO THE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Lyutov N. L.
Published: July 2019

The article deals with two key challenges to the labour law associated with the digital technologies’ development: changing structure of employment in general (the shift of economy from industrial production to services’ model, emergence of the new professions accompanied with decline of the traditional ones, etc.) and transformation of employment relations because of the growing number of new types of work. The latter trend leads to the problem of erosion of the key traditional features of employment relations including the subordination and control by the employer. In the light of the first challenge, the author considers the issues of the most vulnerable group of workers — employees of the pensionary and pre-pensionary age.The second issue of transformation of employment leads the author to the proposal to start the academic debate concerning the perspectives of establishment of legal mechanisms of the economically dependent workers irrespective of their legal status (employment or civil law relations).
RESPONSIBILITY FOR CAUSING HARM BY A HIGHLY AUTOMATED VEHICLE: STATE AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Chuchaev A. I. , Malikov S. V.
Published: July 2019

The paper describes the existing in Russia regulatory legal responsibility for causing harm by a highly automated (unmanned) vehicle (BTS). The most significant documents currently include: Convention on Road Traffic; Road Safety Strategy in the Russian Federation; «Roadmap» to improve legislation and eliminate administrative barriers in order to ensure the implementation of the National Technology Initiative for the «Avtonet». The main attention is given to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation, in which the first approaches to the regulation of the operation of highly automated vehicles are indicated, the actors responsible for the case of damage by the drone are highlighted. The principles of the functioning of the BTS and the degree of their autonomy are shown in general terms. The authors analyze the approaches in the domestic criminal law to the responsibility of persons managing BTS and the approaches developed in foreign countries in relation to the regulation of the operation of highly automated vehicles. The main approaches to the definition of a criminal law prohibition are indicated and the most important algorithms of criminalization of the considered act are highlighted. The structure of the federal law on the regulation of the use of vehicles equipped with an automatic control system in the territory of the Russian Federation is proposed.
Karakterizacija sadržaja izoflavona u hrvatskoj kolekciji crvene djeteline
Authors: Tucak Marijana , Popović Svetislav , Ravlić Marija , Viljevac Vuletić Marija , Krizmanić Goran , Čupić Tihomir , Horvat Daniela
Published: July 2019

Red clover is a perennial forage crop rich in isoflavones, the bioactive compounds with a positive effect on human and animal health. The aim of the research was to determine a variation in the isoflavone contents in the Croatian red clover collection and to identify the most promising materials to be used in the breeding program for the development of new cultivars for specific purposes. Leaf samples of 29 red clover cultivars/populations (two cultivars, twenty breeding populations, and seven local populations) were collected in a full flowering stage, and the identification and quantification of isoflavones was performed using the HPLC analysis. The most common isoflavones in the red clover cultivars/populations were formononetin and biochanin A. A significant variation among the cultivars/populations in the total and individual isoflavone content was determined. The populations with very high and low contents of both the total and of the individual isoflavones were identified to be used for the breeding purposes in order to develop new forage cultivars, or for specific goals in the pharmaceutical industry.
Nouvelles aventures franco-ontariennes: quelle relève pour la littérature pour la jeunesse en Ontario français?
Authors: Gauthier-Trépanier Camylle
Published: July 2019

Nouvelles aventures franco-ontariennes: quelle relève pour la littérature pour la jeunesse en Ontario français?
Les lignes du désir de Chloé Savoie-Bernard et de Marilou Craft: féministe rabat-joie et de travail de la diversité dans la littérature québécoise
Authors: Papillon Joëlle
Published: July 2019

Les lignes de désirée Chloé Savoie-Bernard et de Marilou Craft: féministe rabat-joie et de travail de la diversité dans la littérature québécoise
Karriertervezés és kompetenciák vizsgálata egyetemisták körében
Authors: Szondi Réka
Published: July 2019

Planning a career cannot be started soon enough. The determination of following acareer path preceded by significant decisions and aims. Several pieces of research arededicated to the affiliation of young adults self-awareness and career paths in terms ofseeking work. University students rarely have the appropriate amount of self-knowledge.Nowadays in the labour market beside the qualification, competencies are growing in importance. It is crucial to have certain communication, integration and strategicskills to successfully find a quality job. The University of Debrecen provides a widevariety of available services regarding individual job search support or consultationand the commitment of a career path. The surveyed university students valued theimportance of these services and competencies related to improving the finding of ajob after graduation. The conformity between the knowledge of the available servicesand the required and existing skills could be helpful in the labour market after gettingthe university degree. The questionnaire was filled out by students from the Universityof Debrecen and valued by the IBM SPSS Statistics programme.
Életminőség, akadályozottság pszichiátriai diagnózissal
Authors: Bányai Borbála
Published: July 2019

The paper aims at demonstrating the quality of life of the people living with psychiatic diagnosis.I used the data stemming from the standard and specific module (Social Inequalities in HealthQuality) of the European Social Survey to present the quality of life of the disabled persons. Iapplied qualtitative methodology to investigate specifities of life course in case of people livingwith psychiatric diagnosis. My results suggest that people defining themselves as ’disabled’differ from non-hampered population first of all in the indicators of emotional and physicalsubjective well-being. According to the narrative interviews the quality of life of people livingwith psychiatric diagnose is largely influenced by their adaptive and coping strategies aiming topreserve the balance of their mental status.
Munkamigráció a székelyföldi térségben
Authors: Bodó Julianna
Published: July 2019

Migration for the purpose of employment is an important social phenomenon. The followingstudy provides insight into the situation of labor migration in Szeklerland after the change ofregime. It outlines the most important trends that define this social process from 1990 to thepresent and indicates the changes along which the different periods of labor migration can beseparated. The study discusses the changing perceptions of the connection between migrationand development. The last subchapter contains an analysis about the phenomenon of decisionmaking in the context of new lifestyle trends resulting from migration.
A vajdasági/délvidéki magyarok nemzeti identitása 1990-től napjainkig – II.
Authors: Kovács Teréz , Kiss Igor
Published: July 2019

In this second paper, we are attempting to demonstarte the changes in the political/citizenshiprelated and cultural-historical national identity of the Hungarian ethnic minority in Vojvodina.With the end of Yugoslavia as a country this ethnic minority became Serbian citizens. The newleaders of Serbia had an adverse view on this ethnic minority until 2014 when the Serbianpolitical leaderership changed their political identity and favoured the West instead of EasternEurope.The financial aid provided by the Hungarian Government to the Hungarians living inVojvodina, which targeted cultural and economic development in the area, aimed to better thelife and strenghten the national identity of this ethnic minority. Those who received financialaid developed a better outlook on life. The possibility to acquire Hungarian citizenship easily strenghtened the Hungarian national identity of this minority and contributed to populationdecline. While people migrating to Hungary are primarily motivated by access to bettereducation, others migrate to Western Europe for work.
Noise Immunity Research of Multi-Frequency Information Transmission System with Code Division of Channels
Authors: Trubachev E.A. , Senin A.I.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, there is noise immunity research of one version of construction multi-frequency information transmission system with code division of user's channels. An engineering method for noise immunity estimate is developed. Error probability dependences on average signal-to-noise ratio are calculated for the cases of uniform multipath intensity profile. Researchable system comparison of noise immunity with single-frequency system of CDMA standard is made.
Installation Device for Research of Electrical Characteristics of Integrated Elements of Feedthrough Phased Antenns Arrays
Authors: Rusov Yu.S. , Ievlev D.I.
Published: July 2019

The article presents the results of the development and optimization of the installation device for measuring the electrical characteristics of the integrated elements of the feedthrough phased antenna arrays. The design of the installation device providing simplicity in operation at acceptable validity and repeatability of results of measurements is offered. Results of optimization of the sizes of the matching transitions of the installation device are given and requirements to characteristics of contact surfaces of a product are proved. On the basis of the proposed design developed devices designed for use in laboratory research and mass production. The results of the device implementation in the Ku-band are presented.
Zrównoważenie sektora finansów publicznych w Polsce w kontekście wskaźników stabilności fiskalnej
Authors: Uryszek Tomasz
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu jest ocena stopnia zrównoważenia sektora finansów publicznych w Polsce. Tak postawionemu celowi badawczemu towarzyszy następująca hipoteza badawcza: wysokie wartości deficytów pierwotnych uniemożliwiają ustabilizowanie poziomu długu publicznego nawet w długim okresie. W analizach wykorzystano koncepcję tzw. wskaźników stabilności fiskalnej zaproponowanych między innymi przez W. H. Buitera, O. Blancharda oraz J. Rudina i G. Smitha. Odwołano się do koncepcji schematu C. Ponziego w obszarze wypłacalności państwa. W badaniach wykorzystano dane pochodzące z Eurostatu oraz Dyrektoriatu Generalnego ds. Gospodarczych i Finansowych Komisji Europejskiej. Dane dotyczą okresu 2001–2017. Wykorzystano też prognozy dla lat 2018–2019. Wyniki dla Polski porównywano z wartościami dla wszystkich krajów UE.
Abridged Symbolic Representation of Time Series for Clustering
Authors: Korzeniewski Jerzy
Published: July 2019

In recent years a couple of methods aimed at time series symbolic representation have been introduced or developed. This activity is mainly justified by practical considerations such memory savings or fast data base searching. However, some results suggest that in the subject of time series clustering symbolic representation can even upgrade the results of clustering. The article contains a proposal of a new algorithm directed at the task of time series abridged symbolic representation with the emphasis on efficient time series clustering. The idea of the proposal is based on the PAA (piecewise aggregate approximation) technique followed by segmentwise correlation analysis. The primary goal of the article is to upgrade the quality of the PAA technique with respect to possible time series clustering (its speed and quality). We also tried to answer the following questions. Is the task of time series clustering in their original form reasonable? How much memory can we save using the new algorithm? The efficiency of the new algorithm was investigated on empirical time series data sets. The results prove that the new proposal is quite effective with a very limited amount of parametric user interference needed.
Porównywalność sprawozdań ze zmian w kapitale własnym na przykładzie spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie
Authors: Łazarowicz Edyta
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu jest ocena porównywalności struktury i treści sprawozdań ze zmian w kapitale własnym spółek giełdowych oraz zaproponowanie rozwiązań, które zwiększyłyby tę porównywalność. Na potrzeby artykułu zastosowano dwie metody badawcze: analizę literatury przedmiotu oraz analizę treści sprawozdań finansowych. Analizie poddano 42 skonsolidowane sprawozdania finansowe za 2016 rok wybranych spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie, wchodzących w skład indeksu WIG30 oraz sWIG80. Wszystkie spółki prezentowały sprawozdanie ze zmian w kapitale własnym w formie macierzy. Większość spółek przedstawiała w pierwszej kolejności informacje o całkowitych dochodach, a w drugiej informacje dotyczące transakcji z właścicielami. Takie rozwiązanie pozytywnie wpływa na przejrzystość tego sprawozdania i porównywalność między spółkami. Prawie wszystkie spółki prezentowały informacje o wypłaconych dywidendach w odrębnej pozycji w sprawozdaniu ze zmian w kapitale własnym. Istnieją natomiast znaczne różnice dotyczące zakresu i szczegółowości elementów kapitału własnego przedstawianego w sprawozdaniu ze zmian w kapitale własnym. Regulacje MSR 1 powinny bardziej szczegółowo określać, jakie elementy kapitału własnego należy prezentować w sprawozdaniu ze zmian w kapitale własnym, co miałoby istotny pozytywny wpływ na jego porównywalność między spółkami. Porównując strukturę i treść sprawozdania ze zmian w kapitale własnym spółek z indeksu WIG30 i sWIG80, nie zaobserwowano istotnych różnic. Wyniki niniejszego badania mogą być przydatne w prowadzonych obecnie przez IASB pracach nad zmianami struktury i treści podstawowych sprawozdań finansowych w celu zwiększenia ich porównywalności. Ponadto dotychczas w Polsce przeprowadzono nieliczne badania dotyczące struktury i treści sprawozdań ze zmian w kapitale własnym według MSSF sporządzanych przez spółki giełdowe.
Quality of INTRASTAT DATA. Comparison Between the ‘Old’ and the ‘New’ EU Member States
Authors: Markowicz Iwona , Baran Paweł
Published: July 2019

The Intrastat system is used for gathering statistical data on trade in goods between the EU Member States. Data from all the Member States are aggregated by Eurostat. Specifics of the data collection process are different in different countries and that is why mirror data (regarding by default the same transactions revealed in statistics of both the acquirer and supplier country) often do not match. The goal of the analysis conducted was to assess the quality of data on intra‑Community trade in goods between the ‘old’ fifteen and the ‘new’ EU Member States as well as to point out these directions that influenced the observed differences in mirror data the most. The paper is a follow‑up of previous research on the quality of foreign trade data.
Analiza zróżnicowania sytuacji kobiet na lokalnych rynkach pracy w Polsce w latach 2010–2016
Authors: Lewandowska‑Gwarda Karolina
Published: July 2019

Głównym celem artykułu jest ocena sytuacji kobiet na lokalnych rynkach pracy w Polsce oraz analiza jej zróżnicowania w czasie i przestrzeni. Podjęto w nim również próbę specyfikacji determinant badanego zjawiska. W analizach wykorzystano taksonomiczny miernik rozwoju, metody geograficznych systemów informacyjnych, metody eksploracyjnej analizy danych przestrzennych oraz wielorównaniowy model o równaniach pozornie niezależnych z autoregresją przestrzenną SUR‑SLM (Seemingly Unrelated Regression Spatial Lag Model). Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych statystycznych dla NUTS4 w latach 2010, 2012, 2014 i 2016. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników zauważono, że zróżnicowanie sytuacji kobiet na lokalnych rynkach pracy w Polsce nie jest duże, niemniej jednak w nieco lepszej sytuacji są Polki mieszkające w okolicach stolicy oraz w zachodniej części kraju. Stwierdzono również, że sytuacja kobiet na lokalnych rynkach pracy nie zmieniła się znacząco w czasie. Dodatkowo potwierdzono, że nie tylko czynniki ekonomiczne, ale w dużej mierze również społeczne wpływają na analizowane zjawisko.
Impact of Conscious Change Management on the Quality of Cluster Management
Authors: Młodzianowski Daniel , Rostek Katarzyna
Published: July 2019

The article analyzes the role of change management in efficient functioning of the organization and points to the need of using the new approach of change management in clusters. In order to prove this need, available literature and practical knowledge were reviewed for the presence of the concept and examples of its use in change management in clusters. The main aim of the article is to show that the clusters stop being a group of economic entities uniting to realize only a single project, but more often they become a group of aware cooperators coordinating their actions in a long‑term perspective. This way they achieve much higher level of efficiency and development than single entities.
Desarrollo de competencias sociolingüísticas e interculturales en ELE: propuesta didáctica con blended learning
Authors: Carmona Herrera Maribel , Cruz Rosales Verónica , García Martínez Lydia
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo da a conocer la aplicación de una secuencia didáctica, cuyo objetivo es el desarrollo de las competencias sociolingüísticas e interculturales en el aprendizaje de Español como Lengua Extranjera. La propuesta se aplicó en dos grupos que participaron en los cursos de español del Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros (CEPE) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Se decidió diseñarla en la modalidad blended learning con la finalidad de combinar las actividades de clase con otras que el estudiante puede realizar de manera autónoma fuera del aula. La secuencia didáctica está conformada por unidades temáticas para trabajar aspectos culturales y gramaticales, los cuales están seleccionados de acuerdo con el programa de curso del nivel intermedio de este centro educativo.

Los resultados obtenidos muestran las ventajas de esta propuesta en tres aspectos: el primero fue constatar el interés y la motivación de los estudiantes en profundizar en los aspectos sociales y culturales de la lengua meta. El segundo, la importancia de los cortometrajes como material didáctico, pues permiten acercar al estudiante a realidades de interacción y contextos comunicativos con los que él puede enfrentarse durante su estancia en un país hispano. Por último, los beneficios de combinar la clase presencial con el trabajo autónomo de los estudiantes, el cual se lleva a cabo en la plataforma y los materiales y actividades de aprendizaje diseñados para este propósito.
Definición del enfoque organizacional para una oficina de proyectos agropecuarios en un centro de investigación académica
Authors: Mora Valverde David , Chacón Villalobos Alejandro
Published: July 2019

Se efectuó una caracterización de la estructura organizacional y de los principales procesos de un centro de investigaciones público en producción animal dedicado a desarrollar proyectos de investigación agropecuaria, con el objetivo de establecer un marco de referencia que facilite la definición y eventual implementación de una oficina de proyectos adaptable a su quehacer académico.
Diferencias en la estimación del coeficiente de curtosis en diferentes softwares estadísticos
Authors: Barrantes Aguilar Luz Elena
Published: July 2019

La curtosis, o cuarto momento de una distribución, se emplea para describir una distribución y forma parte de algunos contrastes de normalidad. La mayoría de los paquetes estadísticos la incluyen, por lo que su cálculo es sencillo. Sin embargo, para un mismo grupo de datos, los resultados que proporcionan los diferentes programas estadísticos pueden diferir. Con el objetivo de explicar las diferencias en la estimación de la curtosis entre los paquetes estadísticos de mayor uso para los economistas agrícolas se emplearon dos muestras y se realizó una comparación en la estimación del coeficiente curtosis con nueve softwares estadísticos diferentes. Los resultados mostraron que las diferencias no se deben a errores de cálculo, sino a que el término se emplea de manera incorrecta por la mayoría de programas y se estimó que existe aproximadamente un 20% de probabilidad de llegar a una conclusión equivocada al trabajar con muestras pequeñas y no considerar el factor de ajuste.
Propiedades de la biomasa de plantaciones de corta rotación de dos clones de Gmelina arborea Roxb en tres espaciamientos
Authors: Tenorio Carolina , Moya Roger
Published: July 2019

El conocimiento de las propiedades de la biomasa proveniente de clones de Gmelina arborea Roxb en cultivos energéticos en sistemas de corta rotación (SRC en inglés) en Costa Rica es limitado. Los primeros intentos están basados en el uso de clones para la producción de madera, pero plantados en SRC. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades físicas (peso específico, densidad y contenido de humedad), energéticas (poder calorífico, contenido de cenizas y materiales volátiles) y contenido de carbón de dos clones de G. arborea utilizados para la producción de madera, pero plantados en SRC bajo tres espaciamientos (1,0x1,0 m, 0,75x0,75 m y 1,0x0,5 m), entre 6 y 24 meses de edad. Los resultados muestran que el peso específico básico fue de entre 0,30 a 0,38, la densidad verde de 0,9 a 1,0 g/cm3, el contenido de humedad entre 40 y 70%, el poder calorífico de 18.000 a 20.000 kJ/kg, la cantidad de cenizas fue menor a 4,8% y el contenido de volátiles de entre un 70 a 86%, mientras que el contenido de carbono disminuyo con la edad. Se observaron diferencias entre los dos clones en edades tempranas, pero estás tienden a desaparecer con el aumento de la edad, en especial a la edad de 24 meses, que es cuando se pretende que la plantación sea cosechada, siendo esto una ventaja ya que se tiene una biomasa uniforme si los dos clones son utilizados.
Los ingresos familiares como una fuente de financiamiento de los micronegocios de mujeres de la península de Yucatán, México
Authors: Espinosa Atoche Teresa De Jesús , Uc Heredia Lucio Jesús , Maldonado Guzmán Gonzalo
Published: July 2019

El micro financiamiento que está orientado a los micronegocios, sobre todo aquellos gestionados por las mujeres, es un tema que está generando un amplio debate en la actual literatura de las ciencias empresariales y de la gestión, ya que se considera como uno de los mecanismos esenciales para reducir el índice de pobreza, sobre todo en los países en vías de desarrollo. Sin embargo, a pesar de la existencia de diversos programas y fuentes de micro financiamiento, la mayoría de los micronegocios no cumplen con los requerimientos para acceder a ellos, por lo cual los ingresos de la familia se están convirtiendo en una fuente alternativa de micro financiamiento para este tipo de negocios. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar los ingresos familiares como una alternativa de financiamiento de los micronegocios ubicados en la Península de Yucatán, para lo cual se consideró una muestra de 565 microempresas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los ingresos de la familia tienen un impacto positivo significativo en el micro financiamiento de los micronegocios que son gestionados por las mujeres.
Capital humano y factores sociológicos como determinantes del emprendimiento
Authors: Ferreto Gutiérrez Eugenia , Lafuente Esteban , Leiva Bonilla Juan Carlos
Published: July 2019

Este documento analiza cómo distintas formas de capital humano afectan la decisión emprendedora. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se lleva a cabo una revisión de la literatura existente para las variables de estudio, a saber, formación y autoconfianza como una habilidad percibida. Para la aplicación empírica se utilizó la información provista por la base los datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2014 para Costa Rica. Entre los resultados obtenidos destacan que los ejemplos emprendedores (role model) influyen positivamente en la decisión emprendedora. Además, el miedo al fracaso hace que sea menos probable que las personas decidan emprender, mientras que las personas con autoconfianza en sus habilidades emprendedoras −habilidad percibida− deciden emprender más en comparación a otra persona que no cuente con esta habilidad.
Years of Potential Life Lost from Cardiovascular Disease Among Hispanics
Authors: Manjunath Lakshman , Hu Jiaqi , Palaniappan Latha , Rodriguez Fatima
Published: July 2019

Objective: To quantify the impact of cardiovascular disease and its subtypes on the premature mortality of Hispanics in the United States.Methods: We used national death records to identify deaths for the three largest His­panic subgroups (Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans) in the United States from 2003 to 2012 (N = 832,550). We identi­fied all deaths from cardiovascular disease and by subtype (ie, ischemic, cerebrovas­cular, hypertensive and heart failure) using the underlying cause of death via ICD-10 codes. Years of potential life lost (YPLL) was calculated by age categories standard­izing with the 2000 US Census population. Population estimates were calculated using linear interpolation from 2000 and 2010 US Census data.Results: After standardization, Puerto Ricans experienced the highest YPLL for all types of cardiovascular disease compared with Mexicans and Cubans (1,139 years per 100,000 compared with 868 and 841, respectively), a disparity that remained con­sistent over the course of a decade. Among different subcategories of cardiovascular disease, Puerto Ricans had the highest YPLL for ischemic and hypertensive heart disease, while Mexicans had the highest YPLL from cerebrovascular disease.Conclusions: In conclusion, disaggregation of Hispanic subgroups revealed marked heterogeneity in premature cardiovascu­lar mortality. These findings suggest that measures to improve the cardiovascular health of Hispanics should incorporate sub­group status as a key part of public health strategy.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):477-484; doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.477
Perspective: The Clinical Use of Polygenic Risk Scores: Race, Ethnicity, and Health Disparities
Authors: Roberts Megan C. , Khoury Muin J. , Mensah George A.
Published: July 2019

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are an emerging precision medicine tool based on multiple gene variants that, taken alone, have weak associations with disease risks, but collec­tively may enhance disease predictive value in the population. However, the benefit of PRS may not be equal among non-European populations, as they are under-represented in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that serve as the basis for PRS develop­ment. In this perspective, we discuss a path forward, which includes: 1) inclusion of underrepresented populations in PRS research; 2) global efforts to build capacity for genomic research; 3) equitable imple­mentation of these tools in clinical practice; and 4) traditional public health approaches to reduce risk of adverse health outcomes as an important component to precision health. As precision medicine is imple­mented in clinical care, researchers must ensure that advances from PRS research will benefit all.Ethn Dis.2019;29(3):513-516; doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.513.
Diversity in the Era of Precision Medicine - From Bench to Bedside Implementation
Authors: Mamun Abdullah , Nsiah Nana Y. , Srinivasan Meenakshi , Chaturvedula Ayyappa , Basha Riyaz , Cross Deanna , Jones Harlan P. , Nandy Karabi , Vishwanatha Jamboor K.
Published: July 2019

Recent evidence shows how patients’ unique genetic makeup can affect disease outcomes and the increasing availability of targeted treatments promises a future in health care, whereby treatments will be tailored to individual needs. This article reports on the topics discussed at the 13th Annual Texas Conference on Health Disparities, organized by the Texas Center for Health Disparities at the University of North Texas Health Science Center; the meeting focused on the theme, “Diversity in the Era of Precision Medicine” and was held during June 2018 in Fort Worth, Texas. The primary focus of this conference, which brought together clinical and basic scientists, was on the inclusion of diversity in precision medicine to bridge the gap in health dispari­ties. Here, we present the highlights of the conference that include the potential appli­cation of precision medicine at the popula­tion level, the effects of precision medicine and direct-to-consumer testing on health disparities, genetic basis of health dispari­ties, pharmacogenomics, and strategies to enhance participation of under-represented populations in precision medicine. Further­more, we conclude with recommendations for future implementation, including how to mitigate disparities in genomics services and enhance participation of diverse groups in clinical trials.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):517-525; doi.org:10.18865/ed.29.3.517
The The Correlation Between Type of Land Use and Water Quality in the Rembangan River, Jember Regency
Authors: Wardiani Fefi Eka , Wimbaningrum Retno , Setiawan Rendy
Published: July 2019

The river is one of the important water sources and at this time the river water quality has decreased.The type of land use around the river is thought to have a significant contribution to river water quality. This research was conducted to determine of correlation between the type of land use and water quality in Rembangan River, Jember Regency.The study was carried out at four stations that passed through secondary forests, coffee plantations, rice fields and residential housing. The data of biodiversity and density of plants and physical-chemical parameters of river water were noted, and benthic macroinvertebratessamples were collected at each station. Data of biodiversity and density plants were used to determine of environmental services index (ESI) values. Benthic macroinvertebrates samples were identifiedat the family level, and after that the tolerance score and the abundance of each family was determined. The last two data were analyzed to determine of Family Biotic Index (FBI) values.The value of ESI, physico-chemical parameters of river waterand FBI were analyzedto determine the relationship between these variables by using Pearson correlation analysis (α < 0.05).The research result revealed that the type of land use (ESI) was significantly related to the biological quality of river water (FBI) as indicated by the p value > 0.05. The correlation characteristic is negative and very strong (R = 0.886). High ESI values indicate that the diversity and carbon sequestration of plant community around the river are in good condition and vice versa. Low HBI values indicate good river water quality and vice versa. Based on this research, each land use type must provide space for the natural growth of the plant communityto maintain the quality of river water to remain good. Keywords: river, benthic macroinvertebrates, land use, water quality, ESI, HBI.
Essential Oil Composition of Rose Flowers from Karangpring Village Jember District Extracted by Distillation and Enfleurage
Authors: Oktavianawati Ika , Letisya Nanda , Citra Priscillia , Utari Dwi Purwita , Winata I Nyoman Adi , Handayani Wuryanti , Nugraha Ari Satya
Published: July 2019

Karangpring is one tourist destination villages in Jember district which is popular with beautiful large rose field areas. Therefore, this area grows to be a leading producer of rose flowers in Jember district. However, the bulky presence of these flowers made its price becomes lower in regular days. Local community only uses and sells these fresh flowers as the flower for funeral. The rose flower has a great potency to be explored as a source of rose essential oil production. To date, there is no previous research on studying rose flowers from Karangpring village for its potency on the essential oil production. In this research, rose flowers were subjected to be extracted of its essential oil using two extraction methods, distillation, and enfleurage. Hydrodistillation resulted two phases of distillates, above part formed a cloudy white phase as a normal essential oil extracted from plants, and the lower phase was an aqueous phase containing rose hydrosols. Both phases of these condensates were analyzed using GCMS. Data explained that above phase, with a yield oil of 0.07%, only contains long-chain hydrocarbons such as n-nonadecane, n-heptadecane, 9-nonadecene, and eicosane, while the lower phase only contains 2-phenylethyl alcohol. On the other hand, enfleurage of fresh rose flowers resulted in 0.06% oil yield. GCMS analysis of this oil shows that 2-phenylethyl alcohol, eugenol, and phenylacetic acid are three major compounds which take more than 85% of total rose absolute. The results show that enfleurage is a better method for extracting rose oil in better quality than using the distillation method, in term of the variety of volatile components. Meanwhile, hydrodistillation is still benefiting from producing rose water that is qualified as an industrial additive agent for food and cosmetic productions or even a new potent of agromedicine products. Keywords: rose, rose oil, rose water, rose absolute, distillation, enfleurage.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Polypropylene Fiber on Swelling Pressure – Expansion Attribute of Silica Fume Stabilized Clayey Soil
Authors: Tiwari Nitin , Satyam Neelima
Published: July 2019

Expansive soil shows dual swell-shrink which is not suitable for the construction. Several mitigating techniques exist to counteract the problem promulgate by expansive clayey soils. This paper explored the penitential mecho-chemical reinforcement of expansive clayey soil to mitigate the effect of upward swelling pressure and heave. The polypropylene fiber is randomly distributed in the soil for mechanical stabilization, and the industrial residual silica fume is used as a chemical stabilizer. The experimental analysis is made in three phases which involved the tests on mechanical reinforced expansive soil using randomly distributed polypropylene fibers with different percentages (0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%), and 12mm length. The second phase of experiments carried out on chemical stabilized expansive soil with different percentages (2%, 4% and 8%) of silica and next phase of the experimental focused in the combination of mecho-chemical stabilization of the expansive soil with different combination of silica (i.e., 2%, 4% and 8%) and polypropylene fibers (i.e., 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00%). Maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plastic index (PI) grain size, and constant volume swelling pressure test were performed on unreinforced and reinforced expansive soil to investigate the effect of polypropylene fiber and silica fume on the engineering properties of expansive clayey soil. The experimental results illustrate that the inclusion of polypropylene fiber has a significant effect on the upward swelling pressure and expansion property of expansive soil. The reduction in the upward swelling pressure and expansion is a function of fiber content. These results also indicated that the use of silica fume caused a reduction in upward swelling potential, and its effect was considerably more than the influence of fiber.
Assessment of analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of ethanolic extract of Gossypium arboreum leaves in experimental animals
Authors: Patange Sharad , Navghare Vijay , Zagade Prashant , Kendre Akshay , Jadhav Swarp , Mustapure Rameshwar
Published: July 2019

Background and objectives: Gossypium arboreum commonly known as cotton plant, this variety of cotton plant available throughout India. Cotton plant was used traditionally for the treatment of infection, diarrhea and other inflammatory conditions. The aim of present study is to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Gossypium arboreum leaves extract on experimental animals. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of Gossypium arboreum leaves (EEGA) was subjected to assess its antioxidant potential using DPPH radical scavenging assay; further anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity was assessed by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and tail flick test respectively in experimental animals. Results: It was observed that free radicals were scavenged by the EEGA in a concentration dependent manner. The Ethanolic extract showed maximum 72% scavenging activities at 200 g/ml concentration. The ethanol extract exhibited significant analgesic activity in the tail-flick model (?<0.01) by increasing the reaction time of the mice to 8.9 sec at 180min after treatment in comparison to control (3.4 sec). The EEGA (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed dose-dependent, inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema from 30 min onwards (P<0.01), Conclusions: Present study revealed that the ethanolic extract of Gossypium arboreum displayed prominent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals owing to its antioxidant property.
KESIAPAN KOTA SURAKARTA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PARIWISATA CERDAS (SMART TOURISM) DITINJAU DARI ASPEK FASILITAS DAN SISTEM PELAYANAN
Authors: Farania Azrina , Hardiana Ana , Putri Rufia Andisetyana
Published: July 2019

The increasing of urban development responds to various problems that occur. The existence of the city's problems requires cities and communities in it to solve the problem, coupled with global challenges related to how the city is able to compete both national and international scale. Progress in the development of city manifested through innovations in the life of the city which is then often referred to as Smart City. The concept of Smart City is also needed in the tourism aspect or commonly called Smart Tourism. The development of tourism continues to grow and has been synergized with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) including in Surakarta City that trying to apply the concept of Smart Tourism, such as the launch of Solo Destination application and the cooperation of government and Telecommunication Company to realize smart tourism. But its application is still not perfect yet, especially if viewed from facility and service system. This is seen in the availability of Information and Communication Technology in support of tourism activities are minimal. The problem is also seen in the inadequate service quality in all components of tourism. This paper determine the readiness of Surakarta City in realizing the tourism smart in terms of facilities and service system based on four components (1) tourism actors, (2) attractions, (3) transportation and (4) tourism supporting facilities. The approach is using deductive, while the analysis method is quantitative using the scoring analysis from the results of field observation and data review. The result shown that the city of Surakarta is ready in applying the concept of smart tourism, although the attraction component is less ready that cause the attraction has not been able to play a major component of tourism that is able to attract many tourist visitors. Other components such as tourism actors, transportation and tourism supporting facilities already indicate ready.
Perancangan Kawasan Slamet Riyadi Surakarta Segmen Ngapeman Hingga Gladak Sebagai Pedestrian Mall
Authors: Putri Aulia Kurnia , Purwani Ofita , Daryanto Tri Joko
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Slamet Riyadi street is one of Surakarta main roads which has a role as network connectivity within

adjacent district. Slamet Riyadi street whose existence line up with the history of Surakarta, houses

several historical building heritage along its road. The structures alongside Slamet Riyadi street have

many different functions, one of them is commerce and trade purpose which ample mostly on the

section of Ngapeman through Gladak. Ngapeman through Gladak section has a prospect to become

an example of a thriving pedestrian mall. A pedestrian mall is capable to revive the active use of

Slamet Riyadi street. A pedestrian Mall in Slamet Riyadi street can be used as a means to promote

walking habit for the citizens by providing a space for pedestrian. With an addition of rapid transit

facility, people in the city will be convinced to take a stroll on its pedestrian way, thus provide an

active use for the district. A pedestrian Mall promotes diverse activities, which include daily or

periodic activity, to ensure frequent visit. A pedestrian mall provides consumption and commerce

activity for people to enjoy as a day-to-day attraction. A pedestrian Mall also encourages communities to use the space to organize events

which utilize the outdoor concept of pedestrian mall such as exhibitions, festivals, and fairs. The

quality of public space will improve with the addition of public amenity and public art within the area.

Certain mural art and vine pergola become attractive objects in the area whilst the public amenity

addition can furnish the overall pedestrian mall usage. 

 

Keywords: slamet riyadi, pedestrian, pedestrian mall, public space, outdoor space
Kesesuaian Kawasan Transit di Kota Surakarta Berdasarkan Konsep Transit Oriented Development
Authors: Jati Dwiki Kuncara , Nurhadi Kuswanto , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: July 2019

Uncontrolled and inconsistent urban growth trigger the growth of new, non-interconnected distribution centers (sprawl). The problem that came later was the emergence of congestion problems affecting the economic, social and environmental sectors. TOD concept as an alternative solution to these problems by integrating transport and spatial development in the surrounding area transit stations. Surakarta is one of the cities that implement the concept of TOD at its transit station considering the role of Surakarta City as the National Activity Center (NAC) which makes itself as its hinterland destination. Implementation of the concept is evident from the development of the Bus Rapid Transit transportation system under the name BST (Batik Solo Trans) which has three corridors of travel route to date. The purpose of this study is to assess the suitability of regional transit stations that pass through the three routes to the concept of TOD. The research technique  used is quantitative technique  by using scoring analysis method. The results of the research mentioned that the transit district of Solopurwoari, Solobalapan and Solojebres included in the inappropriate closer classification to the concept of TOD. It is due to the three transit areas have not fulfilled the concept of sixth principle tod, including density, mixed-uses, pedestrian and cyclist friendly and parking. Therefore, transit planning is required to accommodate these six principles.