bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karst Hydrologic Memory Supplements Streamflow During Dry Periods in Snow‐Dominated, Mountainous Watersheds
Authors: Tennant Hyrum , Neilson Bethany T. , Hill Devon , Newell Dennis L. , Evans James P. , Choi Seohye , McNamara James P. , Ashmead Nathaniel , Xu Tianfang
Published: December 2024

Analysis of PRISM and SNOTEL station data paired with USGS streamflow gage data in the western United States shows that, in snow‐dominated mountainous watersheds, streamflow regimes differ between watersheds with karst geology and their non‐karst neighbours. These carbonate aquifers exhibit a spectrum of flow paths encompassing karst conduits, including large fractures or voids that transmit water readily to springs and other surface waters, and matrix flow paths through soils, highly fractured bedrock, or porous media bedrock grains. A well‐connected karst aquifer will discharge a large portion of its accumulated precipitation to surface water via springs and other groundwater flow paths on an annual scale, exhibiting a lagged response to precipitation presenting as a “memory effect” in hydrograph time series. These patterns were observed in the hydrologic records of gaged watersheds with exposed or near‐surface carbonate layers accounting for > 30% of their drainage area. In western snow‐dominated watersheds, where paired streamflow and SNOTEL data are available, analysis of the precipitation and flow time series shows low‐flow volume is strongly related to karst aquifer conditions and winter precipitation when compared to low‐flow volumes present in non‐karst watersheds, which have a complex relationship to multiple driving metrics. Analysis of normalised streamflow and cumulative precipitation in karst watersheds show that low‐flow conditions are highly dependent on the preceding winter precipitation and streamflow in both wet and dry periods. In non‐karst watersheds, increased precipitation primarily impacts high‐flow, spring runoff volumes with no clear relationship to low‐flow periods. When comparing cumulative streamflow and precipitation volumes within each water year and over longer timescales, karst watersheds show the potential filling and draining of large amounts of karst storage, whereas non‐karst watersheds demonstrate a more stable storage regime. Communities in many western US watersheds are dependent on snow‐dominated karst watersheds for their water supply. This analysis, using widely available hydrologic data, can provide insight into the recharge and storage processes within these watersheds, improve our ability to assess current flow regimes, anticipate the impacts of climate change on water availability, and help manage water supplies.
Long‐term risk and characteristics of cerebrovascular events after upper body radiotherapy among childhood cancer survivors in the DCCSS‐LATER cohort
Authors: Verbruggen Lisanne C. , Kok Judith L. , Kremer Leontien C. M. , Janssens Geert O. , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Penson Adriaan , Versluijs A. Birgitta , de Vries Andrica C. H. , Reedijk Ardine M. J. , Bresters Dorine , Hoving Eelco W. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Loonen Jacqueline J. , de Bont Judith , Wilbers Joyce , Louwerens Marloes , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Pluijm Saskia M. F. , Neggers Sebastian J. C. M. M. , Tissing Wim J. E. , Roos Yvo B. W. E. M. , Ronckers Cécile M. , Teepen Jop C. , van der Pal Helena J. H. ,   the DCCSS‐LATER consortium
Published: December 2024

Cerebrovascular events (CVEs) are serious late adverse events among childhood cancer survivors. We estimated the incidence and risk factors of symptomatic CVEs and described the clinical characteristics among childhood cancer survivors after upper body radiotherapy. The Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study LATER cohort study includes 5‐year childhood cancer survivors diagnosed <age 18 years in the period 1963–2001. Data about CVEs were retrieved from medical records of survivors treated with upper body radiotherapy (n = 1633). Multivariable Cox and logistic regression models were used to identify potential risk factors for developing a symptomatic CVE. In 107 survivors with upper body radiotherapy, a CVE emerged, at a median age of 35.5 years. Cumulative incidence 40 years after diagnosis was 9.1% (95% CI: 7.2%–11.6%). A cranial radiotherapy prescription dose >50 Gy was associated with 6‐fold increased risk, compared to upper body radiotherapy not involving the cranium (hazard ratio = 6.3, 95%CI: 3.3–12.1). In a subgroup with available data on lifestyle and comorbidities, hypertension (odds ratio[OR] = 6.2, 95%CI: 1.6–23.8) and obesity (BMI≥30 vs. <30 = 2.95, 95%CI: 1.1–8.0) significantly increased CVE risk. During CVE episode, 17 (16%) had a life‐threatening situation, and two (2%) others died. In 28%, a second CVE developed during follow‐up. At end of follow‐up, 29% were deceased, and 40% of those alive were unable to carry out normal activities/active work. Childhood cancer survivors treated with higher doses of cranial radiotherapy are at highest risk for developing CVEs. CVEs occur at a young age and cause a high morbidity. Studies to investigate risk‐reducing secondary preventive interventions are warranted.
A Three‐Step Automated Segmentation Method for Early Cervical Cancer MRI Images Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Xiong Liu , Chen Chunxia , Lin Yongping , Song Zhiyu , Su Jialin
Published: December 2024

Tumor detection and segmentation are essential for cervical cancer (CC) treatment and diagnosis. This study presents a model that segmented the tumor, uterus, and vagina based on deep learning automatically on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of patients with CC. The tumor detection dataset consists of 68 CC patients' diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) images. The segmented dataset consists of 73 CC patients' T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) images. First, the three clear images of the patient's DWI images are detected using a single‐shot multibox detector (SSD). Second, the serial number of the clearest image is obtained by scores, while the corresponding T2WI image with the same serial number is selected. Third, the selected images are segmented by employing the semantic segmentation (U‐Net) model with the squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE) block and attention gate (SE‐ATT‐Unet). Three segmentation models are implemented to automatically segment the tumor, uterus, and vagina separately by adding different attention mechanisms at different locations. The target detection accuracy of the model is 92.32%, and the selection accuracy is 90.9%. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) on the tumor is 92.20%, pixel accuracy (PA) is 93.08%, and the mean Hausdorff distance (HD) is 3.41 mm. The DSC on the uterus is 93.63%, PA is 91.75%, and the mean HD is 9.79 mm. The DSC on the vagina is 75.70%, PA is 85.46%, and the mean HD is 10.52 mm. The results show that the proposed method accurately selects images for segmentation, and the SE‐ATT‐Unet is effective in segmenting different regions on MRI images.
Semi‐Supervised Medical Image Segmentation Based on Feature Similarity and Multi‐Level Information Fusion Consistency
Authors: Long Jianwu , Liu Jiayin , Yang Chengxin
Published: December 2024

Semantic segmentation is a key task in computer vision, with medical image segmentation as a prominent downstream application that has seen significant advancements in recent years. However, the challenge of requiring extensive annotations in medical image segmentation remains exceedingly difficult. In addressing this issue, semi‐supervised semantic segmentation has emerged as a new approach to mitigate annotation burdens. Nonetheless, existing methods in semi‐supervised medical image segmentation still face challenges in fully exploiting unlabeled data and efficiently integrating labeled and unlabeled data. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel network model—feature similarity multilevel information fusion network (FSMIFNet). First, the feature similarity module is introduced to harness deep feature similarity among unlabeled images, predicting true label constraints and guiding segmentation features with deep feature relationships. This approach fully exploits deep feature information from unlabeled data. Second, the multilevel information fusion framework integrates labeled and unlabeled data to enhance segmentation quality in unlabeled images, ensuring consistency between original and feature maps for comprehensive optimization of detail and global information. In the ACDC dataset, our method achieves an mDice of 0.684 with 5% labeled data, 0.873 with 10%, 0.884 with 20%, and 0.897 with 50%. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of FSMIFNet in semi‐supervised semantic segmentation of medical images, outperforming existing methods on public benchmark datasets. The code and models are available at https://github.com/liujiayin12/FSMIFNet.git.
Effect of a pharmacy‐driven rapid bacteremia response program on outcomes in adult patients with extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase bacteremia: A retrospective, quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Swingler Elena A. , Clark Madison , Moore Sarah E. , Song Matthew , Montes de Oca Jamison , Furmanek Stephen , Chandler Thomas , Wilde Ashley M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Rapid diagnostic technology can improve patient outcomes, particularly when combined with Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) intervention. Bacteremic patients due to drug‐resistant organisms are most likely to benefit from rapid diagnostic technologies as they are more likely to be prescribed inadequate empiric therapy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of a pharmacy‐driven Rapid Bacteremia Response Program (RBRP) on the process and clinical outcomes of patients with bacteremia due to an extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing organism.

Methods

A retrospective, quasi‐experimental study was conducted at a large healthcare system. The RBRP was implemented in 2017 to expedite antimicrobial therapy for bacteremia based on Gram stain and Verigene® system (Luminex Corp, Austin, TX, USA) results. Adults hospitalized with ESBL bacteremia were evaluated pre‐intervention and post‐intervention (utilizing the RBRP). The primary outcome was time to active therapy. Secondary outcomes included in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality, length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and factors associated with mortality.

Results

A total of 200 patients were included: 100 patients in the pre‐intervention and 100 patients in the post‐intervention group. The post‐intervention group resulted in 6.4 h faster time to active therapy from blood culture collection (median 22.8 h pre‐intervention vs. 16.4 h post‐intervention, p = 0.001). No statistical difference was identified for the length of hospital or ICU stay and in‐hospital or 30‐day mortality between groups. Multivariable analysis identified age, male sex, quick Pitt bacteremia score, and hospital‐acquired infection to be significantly associated with 30‐day mortality.

Conclusion

The pharmacy‐driven RBRP resulted in decreased time to active therapy for patients with ESBL bacteremia.
Monitoring concentration and lipid signature of plasma extracellular vesicles from HR+ metastatic breast cancer patients under CDK4/6 inhibitors treatment
Authors: Richard Mathilde , Moreau Rosalie , Croyal Mikaël , Mathiot Laurent , Frénel Jean‐Sébastien , Campone Mario , Dupont Aurélien , Gavard Julie , André‐Grégoire Gwennan , Guével Laëtitia
Published: December 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell‐derived small membrane structures that transport various molecules. They have emerged as potential circulating biomarkers for monitoring responses to cancer therapies. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize plasma‐carried EVs in hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with first‐line CDK4/6 inhibitors (iCDK4/6) combined with endocrine therapy. MBC patients were classified into three groups based on their response to therapy: resistant, intermediate or sensitive. In a prospective cohort, we monitored the concentration of circulating EVs, analyzed their lipid signature and correlated these factors with treatment response. To facilitate the translation of EV research to clinical practice, we established a three‐step procedure: (1) EVs were isolated from plasma using semi‐automatized size exclusion chromatography (SEC); (2) EV concentration, termed vesiclemia, was determined by drop counting via interferometric light microscopy (ILM); and (3) EV lipid composition was analyzed by mass spectrometry. ILM‐based vesiclemia values were highly fluctuating upon iCDK4/6 treatment, while early increase associated with accelerated progression. Of note, vesiclemia remained a steady parameter over a 1‐year period in age‐matched healthy women. Additionally, analysis of the EV cargo unveiled a distinct sphingolipid profile, characterized by increased levels of ceramides and sphingomyelins in resistant patients within the first 2 months of treatment. Based on 16 sphingolipid species, sensitive and resistant patients were correctly classified with an overall accuracy of 82%. This specific sphingolipid pattern was exclusively discernible within EVs, and not in plasma, highlighting the significance of EVs in the early prediction of individual responses to iCDK4/6 and disease progression. Overall, this study provides insights of the longitudinal characterization of plasma‐borne EVs in both a healthy group and HR+ MBC patients under iCDK4/6 therapies. Combined vesiclemia and EV sphingolipid profile emphasize the promising potential of EVs as non‐invasive biomarkers for monitoring early treatment response.
Aggressive Versus Moderate Fluid Replacement for Acute Pancreatitis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad , Ahmad Aamna Badar , Javed Haseeba , Zahid Afra , Aamir Hafiz Sheheryar , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Ayyan Muhammad , Mustafa Biah , Shahid Abia , Ilyas Muhammad Abdullah , Kandel Kamal , Awan Rehmat Ullah , Iqbal Sana
Published: December 2024

Background

A conservative strategy is the primary modality of treatment for acute pancreatitis of which fluid replacement is an important component. Since the results regarding early aggressive versus moderate fluid replenishment for acute pancreatitis are inconsistent, we sought to compare outcomes between the two resuscitation strategies in our meta‐analysis.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing outcomes for patients treated with aggressive fluid replacement compared to moderate fluid replacement. Our primary outcome was all‐cause mortality.

Results

Our meta‐analysis included 6 RCTs involving a total of 632 patients. Our results showed that aggressive fluid resuscitation increased the risk of all‐cause mortality as compared to moderate fluid replacement (RR 2.40, CI: 1.38–4.19). For all of our secondary outcomes which included the development of organ failure, severe pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, clinical improvement, development of SIRS, persistent SIRS, and length of hospital stay, the results indicate that there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

Aggressive fluid resuscitation is associated with higher mortality as compared to moderate fluid replacement in patients with acute pancreatitis. RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to provide greater statistical power and establish more definitive conclusions.
Epidemiological, Clinical, and Genomic Traits of PIV in Hospitalized Children After the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Wuhan, China
Authors: Huang Jiaming , Li Ying , Chen Hebin , Liu Haizhou , Li Wenqing , Isiaka Ismaila Damilare , Du Hui , Noman Muhammad , Rizwan Muhammad Arif , Du Qing , Li Yang , Lin Yaxin , Liu Yuehu , Lu Xiaoxia , Liu Di , Yan Yi
Published: December 2024

Human parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), which contributes to childrens' mortality worldwide; however, the epidemiology of PIVs following the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is still not clarified, and poses risks of potential outbreaks. Herein, we conducted a retrospective observational study from September 26, 2020 to September 30, 2023 to assess PIV epidemiology in Wuhan, China, as well as the clinical characteristics of PIV infections. In total, 14,065 inpatients with ALRTIs were enrolled, of which 936 were identified to have PIV infection. We also obtained 69 PIV3 RNA to reveal its molecular traits. An alteration in PIV season pattern away from spring and summer prevalence was noted, as well as a progressive rise in its detection rate. PIV‐related ALRTIs were more prevalent in male patients. PIV3 was the dominant PIV type in recent years. In comparison with the phase before the cancellation of Dynamic Zero‐COVID Policy in December 2022, symptoms after its repeal were milder. All Wuhan strains were classified with C3f lineage and possibly evolved from native strains in China. Additionally, some mutations, such as Q499P in protein hemagglutinin‐neuraminidase, should be given further attention. In summary, our study demonstrates the clinical characteristics of PIVs and genomic traits of PIV3 in Wuhan, China, thus holds importance for the diagnosis and control of PIV infections in the post‐pandemic era.
An Open‐Source Tool for Investigation of Differential RNA Expression Between Spinal Cord Cells of Male and Female Mice
Authors: Bellavance Justin , David Laurence S. , Hildebrand Michael E.
Published: December 2024

Chronic pain is a highly debilitating condition that differs by type, prevalence, and severity between men and women. To uncover the molecular underpinnings of these differences, it is critical to analyze the transcriptomes of spinal cord pain‐processing networks for both sexes. Despite several recently published single‐nucleus RNA‐sequencing (snRNA‐seq) studies on the function and composition of the mouse spinal cord, a gene expression analysis investigating the differences between males and females has yet to be performed. Here, we combined data from three different large‐scale snRNA‐seq studies, which used sex‐identified adult mice. Using SeqSeek, we classified more than 37,000 unique viable cells within predicted cell types with the use of machine learning. We then utilized DESeq2 to identify significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between males and females in a variety of cell populations, including superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons. We found a large number of DEGs between males and females in all cells, in neurons, and in SDH neurons of the mouse spinal cord, with a greater level of differential expression in inhibitory SDH neurons compared to excitatory SDH neurons. The results of these analyses are available on an open‐source web‐app: https://justinbellavance.shinyapps.io/snRNA_Visualization/. Lastly, we used gene set enrichment analysis to identify sex‐enriched pathways from our previously identified DEGs. Through this, we have identified specific genetic players within the rodent spinal cord that diverge between males and females, which may underlie reported sex differences in spinal nociceptive mechanisms and pain processing.
Exploring the association between moral injury and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Canadian public safety personnel
Authors: D'Alessandro‐Lowe Andrea M. , Scott Andrew M. , Patel Herry , Easterbrook Bethany , Ritchie Kimberly , Brown Andrea , Pichtikova Mina , Karram Mauda , Sullo Emily , Mirabelli James , Schielke Hygge , Malain Ann , O'Connor Charlene , Remers Shannon , Lanius Ruth , McCabe Randi E. , McKinnon Margaret C.
Published: December 2024

Public safety personnel (PSP), such as police officers, firefighters, correctional workers, and paramedics, routinely face work stressors that increase their risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PSP may additionally face moral transgressions in the workplace (e.g., witnessing human suffering, working within broken systems), heightening the risk of moral injury (MI) in this population. Research among military personnel and health care workers shows an association between MI and PTSD; however, less is known about the association between these constructs among PSP. Canadian PSP completed an online survey between June 2022 and June 2023, including a demographic questionnaire and measures of PTSD, MI, dissociation, depression, anxiety, stress, and childhood adversity. Latent variable structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to ascertain the impact of a latent MI construct (i.e., shame, trust violation, functional impairment) on a latent PTSD construct (i.e., intrusions, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, hyperreactivity, depersonalization, derealization). Sex, age, depression, anxiety, stress, and childhood adversity were included as covariates. A total of 314 PSP were included in the data analysis. A latent variable SEM regressing PTSD onto MI and including covariates accounted for 83.7% of the variance in PTSD. MI was the strongest predictor compared to all covariates and was significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, β = .506, p < .001, above and beyond the impacts of sex, age, depression, anxiety, stress, and childhood adversity. These findings are consistent with research among military members and health care providers and highlight the importance of further exploring MI among PSP.
Common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) population trend using 12 years of data across different Italian regions
Authors: Tramontana Daniel , Franchini Marcello , Giannerini Sauro , Labate Antonella , Cortesi Claudio , Sorrenti Michele
Published: December 2024

The common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) is a popular migratory game bird in Italy, especially in the northern regions. An effective management plan for this species requires setting up a population monitoring scheme to estimate its conservation status. For waders subject to hunting, like the common snipe, such monitoring must also be based on quantitative and qualitative data collected for consecutive hunting seasons. Among these data, the demographic trends, the frequency and distribution during postnuptial migration, hunting bags, plumage collections, and habitat use are essential to improve the management and conservation of this species. The aim of this work was to explore variations in common snipe abundance in the span of 12 hunting seasons in 5 Italian regions: Emilia‐Romagna, Latium, Marche, Piedmont, and Umbria. Data on common snipe abundance in each region and year were reported in the form of an abundance index (Indice Cynégétique d'Abondance [ICA]) and a harvest index (Indice Cynégétique de Prélèvement [ICP]), which correspond respectively to the number of common snipes flushed and harvested during a hunting trip. Considering pooled data from all regions, our findings revealed no significant variations in common snipe abundance and harvest rate from 2010–2011 to 2021–2022. However, significant differences emerged in the 5 explored regions. These results underscore the importance of maintaining long‐term monitoring programs for evaluating the conservation status of the common snipe population, such as presence and abundance, which are critical for sustainable hunting and conservative management of the species in Italy.
The Optimal Layout Strategy for Subsurface Pipes to Improve Soil Desalination and Increase Crop Yield: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Ao Chang , Liu Yi , Zuo Yutian , Zeng Wenzhi , Xing Weimin , Huang Jiesheng
Published: December 2024

Subsurface drainage systems are now used in various fields to control soil salinity, manage the water table, and increase crop yields by discharging groundwater and excess water from the soil. However, few studies have compared the effects of subsurface drainage systems on soil salinity and crop yield of different soil and climatic environments. Therefore, this study synthesized 891 experiments from 57 screened papers spanning 1979 to 2024. The results showed that fields with subsurface drainage system significantly reduced soil salinity by 25.56% and increased crop yield by 20.28% (p < 0.05) compared to fields without such systems. Other physicochemical properties of the soil showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the ionic content of CO3
2−, HCO3
−, Na+, etc., and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in soil permeability. This study found that subsurface drainage systems had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on soil desalination and yield increase in most soils and climates. Comparatively better desalination was achieved in weakly alkaline saline soils with medium sand content and high salt content than in areas without such systems. Subsurface drainage significantly reduced soil salinity and increased yield in both dryland and paddy fields (p < 0.05), while the effects on soil desalination and yield improvement were more significant in paddy fields. Additionally, this study suggests that in humid climates, the subsurface drainage system layout should have more than 30 m spacing and a drain depth of over 1.2 m. In arid climates, if the groundwater table depth is less than or equal to 1 m, the drain depth should be over 1.2 m with a spacing of 10–20 m. However, when the groundwater table depth exceeds 1 m, the drain depth should be between 1 and 1.2 m. In summary, subsurface drainage has good application prospects for saline and alkaline soils.
Optimization Strategies for Ecological Security Pattern Based on the Remote Sensing Ecological Index in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Lai Jinlin , Li Jiashun , Liu Li
Published: December 2024

Current research on ecological security pattern (ESP) primarily emphasizes preserving the overall connectivity of ecosystems. However, a significant gap exists in systematically identifying ecologically degraded areas and optimizing regional ecological networks. In particular, the southwestern region of China, characterized by complex terrain and diverse ecosystems, lacks comprehensive research on the dynamic changes in regional ESP. This study uses machine learning to identify the primary drivers of spatial patterns in the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) and establishes a corresponding ecological resistance surface. Through integrating morphological spatial pattern analysis with circuit theory, we developed a “point‐line‐area” combined ESP for Yunnan Province and proposed recommendations for optimizing regional ecological protection. Results show that 66 ecological sources were identified in 2000, decreasing to 52 in 2023, with the area increasing from 29,730.57 to 43,122.06 km2, primarily in the southwest. Additionally, the study identified 69 ecological corridors in 2000 and 52 in 2023, with total length reducing from 5934 to 4813 km. Ecological connectivity in the southwestern region improved significantly; however, ecological corridors in the northeast remain sparse, contributing to ecological pressure. Furthermore, 71 and 65 ecological pinch points, along with 46 and 53 ecological barriers, were identified. Overall, ecological source areas in Yunnan Province increased significantly, with substantial connectivity improvements, especially in the southwest. However, areas such as the Kunming economic circle exhibit limited ecological functionality. Future efforts should focus on expanding buffer zones and restoring corridors to enhance connectivity and stability.
Diether‐Based Chiral Multilayered 3D Polymers and Oligomers: Unveiling AIE and AIP Phenomena
Authors: Zhang Sai , Xu Qingzheng , Qin Xiuyuan , Yuan Qingkai , Li Guigen , Zhang Yue
Published: December 2024

In this study, the synthesis of a novel chiral multilayer 3D polymer based on a diether structure is reported. This architecture not only imparts chirality but also facilitates the study of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐induced polarization (AIP). Using various polymerization techniques, multilayered chiral structures are constructed that exhibit significant AIE, marked by increased luminescence upon aggregation, and notable AIP behavior, indicating enhanced optical activity. Comprehensive characterization through spectroscopy and microscopy elucidates the mechanisms behind these phenomena. These findings highlight the potential of diether‐based chiral multilayer 3D polymers for advanced optoelectronic and sensor applications, paving the way for multifunctional materials.
Multiple‐Temperature‐Responsive Double‐ and Triple‐Network Hydrogels
Authors: Boon‐in Supissra , Crespy Daniel
Published: December 2024

Temperature‐responsive hydrogels which are reversibly activated attract much attention in the field of smart materials. Herein, double‐ and triple‐network hydrogels exhibiting dual‐ or triple‐volume transitions upon changes of temperature are fabricated. Interestingly, the incorporation of superhydrophilic polymer network leads to a significant difference swelling or shrinkage of the multiple‐network hydrogels. Applications of such hydrogels are envisioned in soft robotics or for producing programmable reactors.
Nodal staging score: A tool to quantify the number of lymph nodes for examination and predict survival in IB–IIA cervical cancer
Authors: Qiu Hongrui , Hu Xingyuan , Huang Qizhi , Feng Yinan , Lin Hongwei , Wang Huili , Huang Zhenyu , Leng Jinhang
Published: December 2024

Background

According to current official guidelines, there is no generally recommended minimum number of lymph nodes examined during surgery for cervical cancer. However, patients with few nodes removed are still common, and the prevalence of nodal invasion may be underestimated because of false‐negative findings. In this article, we introduced a statistical tool called the Nodal Staging Score (NSS), which predicts the minimum number of examined lymph nodes to confidently ensure a node‐negative status preoperatively.

Methods

Using the beta‐binomial model, we analyzed lymph node invasion data for 8789 patients with cervical cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. This analysis quantified the number of lymph nodes that require assessment across various early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages. We also performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to explore the prognostic significance of NSS.

Results

With an increased number of examined lymph nodes, the probability of missing nodal disease decreased and varied among different FIGO stages. For stages IB1–IIA, the examination of 6, 21, and 33 lymph nodes, respectively, was required to reduce the probability of missing positive nodes (i.e., 1−NSS) to less than 10%. The clinical significance of NSS was verified with prognostic information. Compared with NSS <0.90, NSS ≥0.90 was significantly associated with better overall survival for node‐negative patients.

Conclusion

The NSS is an auxiliary tool that not only enhances the precision of FIGO staging but also provides a statistical basis for postoperative evaluation to inform further clinical decision‐making.
Scaling up Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security With Nanoscience and Technology
Authors: Miteu Goshen David , Ojeokun Olayemi , Addeh Irenosen , Ayomide Afolabi , Olayinka Temidayo , James Sunday Godwin , Adeyemo Oluwatobi , Benneth Elohozino Oghale
Published: December 2024

Agriculture has been the primary source of food for humanity since time immemorial. With the ever‐growing global population and the rising demand for food supplies, there has been a transition from traditional agricultural practices to more advanced methods. Nanoscience and technology represent a cutting‐edge approach that offers numerous benefits. This review narrates the importance of incorporating nanoscience and technology into agriculture to manipulate matters for sustainable agriculture and food security. This study will also serve as a valuable resource for agriculturalists in developing countries, providing them with a better understanding of the potential of nanoscience and technology in agriculture, ultimately contributing to improved food production and global food security.
Single‐Layer Miniaturized Wideband Antenna Based on Stub‐Loaded Metasurface
Authors: Li Jie
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a single‐layer miniaturized wideband antenna based on the stub‐loaded metasurface (MS) structure. The stub is loaded at the edge of a square MS cell and inserted into the gap between two adjacent cells, enhancing the surface capacitance and reducing the resonance frequency. Consequently, the stub‐loaded MS structure can provide the resonance frequency of the conventional square MS structure while having a smaller aperture. In this way, a miniaturized wideband MS antenna based on the stub‐loaded MS structure is designed. It has a bandwidth of 41% (4.5−6.82 GHz) and a compact size of (where is the wavelength at the center frequency). Subsequently, based on this miniaturized MS antenna, the partial peripheral cells, which initially have little effect on radiation, are modified to obtain a sufficiently excited radiation aperture, resulting in a larger bandwidth of 47% (4.61−7.43 GHz) with a size of . Compared with the conventional MS antenna, the proposed antenna is 70% smaller in size while having a larger bandwidth and a simple single‐layer structure.
O‐TO‐T Advancement Reconstruction for Partial Glossectomy Defects: A Case Series
Authors: Rickels Kaersti L. , Shay Aryan , Gardner James R. , King Deanne , Sunde Jumin , Moreno Mauricio , Vural Emre
Published: December 2024

We present O‐T advancement reconstruction (OTAR) in lateral tongue defects, describing technique, indications, outcomes, and limitations. 11 patients with lateral tongue defects who underwent OTAR after earlystage cancer removal. Demographics, staging, functional oral intake scale (FOIS), dysphagia outcome severity scale (DOSS), defect size, and complications were included. Functional outcomes assessed through telephone encounters. Preoperative FOIS and DOSS were 6.9 and 6.8, postoperatively were 4.8 and 5. Mean defect of 4.7 cm × 3.4 cm. Nine patients required nasogastric tubes postoperatively. Site complications included 2 minor dehiscence. By telephone, tongue‐biting was reported in 3, mild dysarthria in 3, and food impaction in 2. FOIS and DOSS were 6.7 and 6.5. Reconstruction of tongue defects may be achieved with OTAR as a reliable alternative to primary closure or even more complex microvascular techniques. Utilization may preserve functional swallowing and speech outcomes, most probably due to lateral sulcus sparing features.
Molecular dynamics and experimental study of mechanical and tribological properties of graphene‐reinforced nitrile butadiene rubber–phenolic resin composites
Authors: Li Yunlong , Chen Zhiju , Qian Cheng , Wang Shijie , Nie Rui
Published: December 2024

The mechanical and tribological properties as well as the microstructural characteristics of five groups of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/graphene (GE)/phenolic resin (PF) composites were systematically investigated using a combination of experimental and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. Experiments confirmed that PF effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of NBR, including the crosslinking density, hardness, and compression permanent deformation, along with its tribological performance under various working conditions. MD simulations further clarified the tribological mechanism of the NBR/GE/PF composites from a microscopic perspective, highlighting the pivotal role of the hydrogen‐bonding network. PF15 exhibited low wear and mobility during friction owing to its robust hydrogen‐bonding network.

Highlights

Combined experiments and simulation for NBR performance analysis.

Investigated the tribological properties of NBR/GE/PF under various conditions.

Hydrogen bonding in NBR/GE/PF was achieved via simulation.

A good correlation was found between experimental results and simulation data.
Advances and Challenges in Prenatal Detection and Genetic Diagnosis of Upper Limb Anomalies: Analysis of a South London and Kent Cohort
Authors: Ruscitti Federica , Giacchino Tara , Koutoulas Lemonia , Homfray Tessa , Akolekar Ranjit , Sankaran Srividhya , Fowler Emma , Bint Susan , Walsh Cheryl , Garagnani Lorenzo , Forzano Francesca , Holder‐Espinasse Muriel , Elmakky Amira
Published: December 2024

Objective

Prenatal detection and genetic diagnosis of congenital upper limb anomalies is particularly challenging due to both anatomical and technological factors. Hereby, we present a cross‐sectional description of clinical and genetic findings in a 188‐patient cohort.

Method

In this retrospective study, we present 188 cases with prenatally or postnatally detected upper limb anomalies, either isolated, associated with other anomalies, or syndromic. Patients were examined in four tertiary care centers in South London and Kent from 2012 to 2023.

Results

Anomalies were prenatally detected in 158/188 patients (84%), with positional defects (37), polydactyly (34) and transverse defects (25) as the most frequent. 63/188 patients (58%) received a genetic diagnosis of aneuploidy (36), Copy Number Variant (9), or monogenic disorder (18). In 39 out of 103 prenatally tested patients (38%), this diagnosis was given prenatally, contributing to termination of the pregnancy in 23 cases.

Conclusion

Through a cross‐sectional description of 188 cases with congenital upper limb anomalies, we discuss prenatal ultrasound detection (in terms of numbers and accuracy) and genetic diagnosis.
Predicting absolute protein folding stability using generative models
Authors: Cagiada Matteo , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Lindorff‐Larsen Kresten
Published: December 2024

While there has been substantial progress in our ability to predict changes in protein stability due to amino acid substitutions, progress has been slower in methods to predict the absolute stability of a protein. Here, we show how a generative model for protein sequence can be leveraged to predict absolute protein stability. We benchmark our predictions across a broad set of proteins and find a mean error of 1.5 kcal/mol and a correlation coefficient of 0.7 for the absolute stability across a range of natural, small‐ to medium‐sized proteins up to ca. 150 amino acid residues. We analyze current limitations and future directions including how such a model may be useful for predicting conformational free energies. Our approach is simple to use and freely available at an online implementation available via https://github.com/KULL-Centre/_2024_cagiada_stability.
Experimental recombining of repetitive motifs leads to large functional metallothioneins and demonstrates their modular evolvability potential
Authors: Dallinger Reinhard , Pedrini‐Martha Veronika , Burdisso Maria Lucia , Capdevila Mercè , Palacios Oscar , Albalat Ricard
Published: December 2024

Protein modularity is acknowledged for promoting the emergence of new protein variants via domain rearrangements. Metallothioneins (MTs) offer an excellent model system for experimentally examining the consequences of domain rearrangements due to the possibility to assess the functional properties of native and artificially created variants using spectroscopic methods and metal tolerance assays. In this study, we have investigated the functional properties of AbiMT4 from the snail Alinda biplicata (Gastropoda, Mollusca), a large MT comprising 10 putative β domains (β39β1), alongside four artificially designed variants differing in domain number, type, or order. Our findings reveal that AbiMT4 is a cadmium‐selective protein with a high metal‐binding capacity, characterized by structurally and functionally independent domains repeated in tandem along the protein. Our results indicate that due to its modular organization, AbiMT4 remains functional even when the number, type, and order of the domains are significantly altered. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the metal‐binding properties of AbiMT4 are not dictated by the overall architecture of the protein but primarily arise from the properties of each individual domain. Using MTs as example, this work provides empirical evidence that domain rearrangements are an effective strategy for exploring new viable sequences and creating novel protein variants subject to adaptive selection. Thus, our study highlights the importance of the modular structure of proteins, as increasing their functional flexibility enhances their evolvability. Additionally, our work demonstrates a simple way to design and model new proteins for predefined functions.
Insights into substrate recognition and export tunnel preferences in the efflux transporter AcrB
Authors: Makhamadjamonov Farrukh , Karolak Michal Emil , Smyth Lesley , Ababou Abdessamad
Published: December 2024

In Escherichia coli AcrB is a major multidrug exporter, which confers the bacterium resistance to many antibiotics with diverse structural and chemical proprieties. Studies have identified three possible tunnels (or channels) within AcrB that different substrates use before reaching the distal pocket, from which they are subsequently extruded. Recently, we reported that mutations in the AcrB gate loop may affect the conformational change kinetics involved in substrate export rather than directly affecting molecular interactions with this loop, and we highlighted the distinct export tunnel preferences between erythromycin and doxorubicin. To further understand the gate loop's role in AcrB's export activity and the rationale behind substrate preferences among the three possible export tunnels, namely tunnel‐1, ‐2, and ‐3, we investigated the structural and functional effects of several single and multiple mutations in the gate loop of AcrB. Our findings indicate that all three tunnels are energetically favorable for the substrates studied, with the majority forming more hydrogen bonds in any tunnel compared to the distal pocket. Moreover, our experimental and computational data revealed that some substrates with high molecular similarity exhibited different export tunnel preferences, as strongly suggested by their MIC values. To explain this unexpected outcome, we propose a generalized explanation that the conformational change kinetics in AcrB is substrate‐dependent.
Effect of La on Phase Formation, Microstructure, and Magnetic Properties of ThMn12‐Type SmFe11Ti Melt‐Spun Ribbons
Authors: Yang Zhengli , Ying Weiyi , Liu Xiang , Yao Qingrong , Wang Jiang
Published: December 2024

The effect of La on the phase formation, microstructure, and magnetic properties of SmFe11Ti melt‐spun ribbons is investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD and TEM results show that Sm1−xLaxFe11Ti (x = 0–0.4) and SmLayFe11Ti (y = 0.1–0.4) melt‐spun ribbons are composed of the 1:12 main phase with a ThMn12‐type structure, α‐Fe phase, Fe2Ti, and α‐La phase. It is concluded that the substitution of Sm by La is unfavorable to the formation of the 1:12 main phase, while the α‐La phase coexists primarily with the 1:12 main phase and does not exist as a grain boundary phase in Sm1−xLaxFe11Ti and SmLayFe11Ti melt‐spun ribbons. The VSM magnetic measurements indicate that SmLa0.2Fe11Ti melt‐spun ribbon exhibits better magnetic properties (Hcj = 4.56 kOe, Br = 6.26 kGs, Ms = 9.15 kGs, (BH)max = 5.54 MGOe) after annealing at 1073 K for 30 min. The inhibition formation of α‐Fe phase and Fe2Ti and the homogeneous microstructure with the refined grains in SmLa0.2Fe11Ti ribbon can be the main reason for the excellent magnetic properties.
Right ventricular stroke work index in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Csósza Györgyi , Valkó Luca , Dinya Elek , Losonczy György , Müller Veronika , Lázár Zsófia , Karlócai Kristóf
Published: December 2024

The right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) reflects the active work of the right ventricle (RV), but its clinical usefulness is not yet fully known in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We aimed to evaluate the correlation of RVSWI to clinical parameters, the presence of comorbidities and response to therapy. We performed a retrospective observational study of 54 patients (PAH: N = 30, CTEPH: N = 24) and control patients (N = 11), and collected clinical data including RVSWI and comorbidities at baseline. We also compared changes in the parameters of the four‐strata mortality risk score at follow‐up (median time of 12 months) after the initiation of therapy between patients with low‐ (<1450 mmHg*mL/m2, N = 18) and high‐RVSWI values (≥1450 mmHg*mL/m2, N = 19). RVSWI at diagnosis was higher in PAH/CTEPH compared to control subjects (1408 ± 391 vs. 704 ± 140 mmHg*mL/m2, p < 0.001, mean ± standard deviation, t‐test), but did not differ between PAH and CTEPH patients (1406 ± 342 vs. 1409 ± 470 mmHg*mL/m2, p = 0.98). Patients without comorbidities had higher RVSWI than those with comorbidities (N = 23: 1522 ± 400 vs. N = 31: 1323 ± 384 mmHg*mL/m2, p = 0.04), which was also found in PAH (p < 0.001), but not in CTEPH (p = 0.37). A greater improvement in the four‐strata mortality risk score (p < 0.05) and a trend for a larger reduction in N‐terminal proB‐type natriuretic peptide concentration (p = 0.06) were observed in the high‐RVSWI subgroup than in the low‐RVSWI patients at follow‐up. In PAH and CTEPH, RVSWI provides additional information on RV function in comorbidities, and it may predict response to specific therapy. Regular monitoring of RVSWI may aid in optimizing therapy selection and timing.
Tunable Chern Number and Sizable Bandgap in Kagome‐Honeycomb‐Triangle Latticed Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator
Authors: Lian Huijie , Xu Xiaokang , Lu Jinlian , Rui Xue , Qi Lu , Yao Xiaojing , He Ailei , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: December 2024

The search of 2D magnetic materials with quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is a fascinating topic in the field of condensed matter physics, which holds great promise for topological quantum computing. This work proposes that Kagome‐Honeycomb‐Triangle lattice Cr3O4Cl monolayer represents a class of ferromagnetic Weyl half‐metal with high Curie temperature. Upon considering the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) effect, the Weyl point is broken and a topologically nontrivial gap of 101.96 meV is opened. Under biaxial tensile strain, the Cr3O4Cl monolayer is transformed from QAH metal to QAH insulator with Chern number C = 1. Remarkably, a Chern number phase transition from C = 1 to C = 3 can be achieved via manipulating the hole concentration of 1.05 holes per unit cell. This work proposes a platform for realizing 2D high Chern number QAH effect for practical applications.
Influence of Aluminum on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Air‐Hardened Medium Manganese Steel
Authors: Ridlo Faried , Zhang Botao , Akkus Can , Gulbay Oguz , Chakraborty Anindita , Hu Bin , Luo Haiwen , Krupp Ulrich , Gramlich Alexander
Published: December 2024

The influence of different aluminum concentrations (0 and 0.25 wt%) on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of recently developed air‐hardening ductile forging steels with 4 wt% manganese is presented together with the effects of additional heat treatments after air cooling. Based on the achieved mechanical properties, the necessity of aluminum alloying is evaluated due to the processing challenges associated with the Fe–Mn–Al–Si system. For this matter, tensile properties, hardness, and Charpy impact toughness areevaluated with respect to microstructural features characterized by light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It is demonstrated that the intermediate addition is not sufficient to reach the target values for the impact toughness, which demonstrates the importance of the addition to this steel grade. Additionally, insights on the tempering embrittlement are gained, as it can be shown that 0.25 wt% Al is sufficient to shift the tempering embrittlement from 300 to 350 °C. Finally, potential intercritical annealing temperatures can be specified: while high balances of strength and ductility can be reported at 650 and 675 °C, an exceeding of this temperature leads to insufficient austenite stabilization and consecutively martensite formation during cooling , as demonstrated by EBSD and X‐ray diffraction.