bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the effect of number of parturitions on the measurements of reproductive performance of dairy cows
Authors: Mahmood Mohammad Y. , Khudhair Noorulden Y. , Rasheed Yaseen M.
Published: August 2023

This study is conducted in Latifiya station for dairy cows in south east of Baghdad. Which have Holstein and Friesian and cross breed among them, from the first of April 2012 until the first of August 2014. Dystocia rate 69.81% recorded and also 26.8% retained placenta with 16% ovarian problem and 53% uterine problems for (386) cows.The cows of research are divided into four group according the number of parturition and four reproduction performance parameters are used.(calving interval)  ,(open day) ,(conception from first service) and finally (services per conception).The results are in the first group (2parturitions) (121) cows were 423.7 day for calving interval ,107.1 days open ,27.4% conception from first service and 2.3 services per conception ,the result of second group (3parturitions) (106)cows were ,458.3 day calving interval ,188.1 day open days, 25.3% conception from first service and 2.28 services per conception that statically significant. The result of third group (4 parturition ) (120)cow record 427.6 days calving interval ,156.2 days open ,37% conception from first service ,and2.15 services per conception. with statistical significant difference at p< 0.01.  The last group (5 parturitions) (58) cow also record 378.8 days calving interval ,101.8 days open ,49% conception from first services and 1.76 services per conception .The results of  last two groups have statically significant at p<0.01 from first and second groups.
Effect of long and short-term progestagen treatments combined with PMSG and PGF2α on estrus synchronization in Iraqi goats during breeding season
Authors: Khudhair Nooruldeen Yaseen , Rasheed Yaseen Mahmood , Mahmood Mohammad Yousif
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate long and short-term protocols of estrus synchronization and their impact on the fertility in Iraqi goats. This study was conducted in the college of veterinary medicine at Diyala Universityfor the duration extends from May- 2014 until November - 2014. The study included sixteen multiparous goats, these goats were allocated into two groups: Group I (short- term protoco),Group II (long-term protocol) treated with intravaginal sponges contain(20mg)cronolone(fluorogestone acetate) for 9 days for the Group I, and 12days for theGroup IIand injection (250µg) cloprostenol for both groups in day of insertion. The goats of two groups were injected (750 IU) PMSG before 24 hours of removal the vaginal sponges and placed with one mature buck. Estrus detection was done by visual inspection. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed trans-abdominally using a real-time ultrasound examination with a 3.5MHz sector transducer, whereas, the scan was performed at 40-50day after estrus (estrus day=day 0).No significant difference was observed in the interval between the ends of the estrus synchronization protocol and standing heat amongst the goats of two groups. Whereas all goats show estrus signs after 36-48 hours from withdrawal of intravaginalsponges. The number of pregnant goats in two groups was (10/16; 62.5 %) while the number of non-pregnant goats in both groups was (6/16; 37.5%) with significant difference between these two groups at (P<0.01). The number of pregnant goats in the short-term protocol and long-term protocol was (4/8; 50%) and (6/8; 75%), respectively, with significant difference between two groups at (P<0.01). Litter size was 300% and166.7% in the short term protocol and long term protocol, respectively, with significant difference between two rates at (P<0.01).Conclusion: It was concluded that both two treatments protocols by using progestagenintravaginal sponges combined with PMSG and PGF2α were effective in estrus synchronization, and had positive effect on the fertility in Iraqi goats during breeding season.
Epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in Al-Najaf province
Authors: Al- Tufaili Rasha Amer Nouri
Published: August 2023

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis disease of worldwide distribution caused mainly by the metacestodeEchinococcusgranulosus. In  Najaf, its distribution reaches endemic levels. This is results of this study were to investigate the trends in suspected cases of human CE recorded in  Al-Sadder Medical City, Al-Hakim General Hospital and Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Najaf city during a period November 2013to September 2014 and to study demographic and clinical characteristics of cases together with epidemiological factors associated with the disease. Clinical records of operated and/or diagnosed patients were reviewed with regard to this disease. 217 cases (68% female; mean age 21-30 years and 32% male; mean 21-30 ) were included in this retrospective study, 79% of which lived in rural areas. Indirect Haemagglutination (IHA) test to detect anti Echinococcusgranulosusantibody, and ultrasonography were used to diagnose the disease. Lung infection is the most common and most cases frequently
Effect of alcoholic extract of urticadioica leaves and Aspirin in experimentally induced prostatitis in mice
Authors: Hasan Huda F.
Published: August 2023

Urticadioica leaves were powdered and extracted with methanol 70 %. 17 beta-estradiol was used to induce prostatitis. Fifty mice were divided into five groups, The first control group (T1) , The second induction group (T2) was treated by distilled water, the third induction group (T3)was treated with crude extract of Urticadioica leaves 300mg/kg B.W, the fourth induction group (T4) was treated with aspirin 50mg/kg B.W, the fifth induction group (T5)was treated with crude extract of Urticadioica leaves 150mg/kg B.W and aspirin 25mg/kg B.W. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) for induction groups treated with 17 beta-estradiol showed significant decrease as compared with (T1), while the T3,T4 and T5 showed no significant difference as compared with T1. The result of testosterone hormone of (T3) showed significant increase as compared with (T1) and other groups. The results of body and prostate weight for T3,T4 and T5 revealed no significant difference as compared with T1. The fertility index of (T3) was increased as compared with T1 while the T4 was decreased as compared with T1. The histopathological changes after induction of prostatitis revealed hyperplasia of the prostatic glands and  infiltration of inflammatory cells, while the T3 revealed the return of the acini to normal shape, and hydropic degeneration in the epithelium of prostatic glands disappeared. The T4 showed decreased hydropic degeneration, few inflammatory cell and epithelial hyperplasia, while the T5 was characterized by few inflammatory cell infiltration and the acini showed very decreased hydropic degeneration. In this study we concluded that the alcoholic Urticadioica extract could markedly treat proststitis by its anti-inflammatory effect with reduce side effect of aspirin such as infertility.
Study the Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Extract on Serum Lipid in Hypothyroidism Male Rats Induce by Propylthiouracil
Authors: Al-Sharafi Nabeel M. N. , Al-Sharafi Mohammed R.A.
Published: August 2023

This study was undertaken to investigate the protective role of Ginger   against the hypothyroidism induce by Propylthiouracil in male rats on serum lipids.       
Eighteen  adult male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (each of six) and treated as follows for four weeks, First group (C) was daily orally gavages with saline solution served as control.. Second group (G1) was daily orally gavages with Propylthiouracil (6 mg/kg B.W.). Third group (G2) was daily orally gavages with Propylthiouracil (6 mg/kg B.W.) in addition to ginger (200 mg/kg B.W.)
Overnight fasting blood samples were collected from the all animals of the experiment at end week of experiment for the determination of serum triiodothyonine (T3), thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C).
 The results showed that the  A significant (P<0.05) statistical increase in the activity of TSH was observed in propylthiouracil treated groups G1 (3.72±0.73)  and G2 (3.28±0.25) as compared to the control (0.0795±0.003) and A significant (P<0.05) statistical decrease in the activity of T3 in treated (G1) (2.62±0.2)  as compared to the control (3.92±0.08). As well as the results show, a significant(P<0.05) elevation in serum TAG, TC and VLDL-C and decrease in HDL-C were observed in animals daily orally gavages with Propylthiouracil 6 mg/kg B.W. (G1) group as compared with control. Oral administration of ginger extract caused a non significant (P>0.05) depression in the elevated TAG and VLDL-C concentration in G2 group compared to G1 and control groups . From these results indicating that the effect of orally administration of propylthiouracil to  induced hypothyroidism and induction of Dyslipidemia.
On conclusions, the present study confirmed the beneficial effects of ginger extract as a hypolipidemic effects gains the dyslipidemia due to hypothyroidism.
Epidemiological and Histopathological study of Hepatic Hydatidosis in slaughter animal house in AL- Najaf AL- Ashraf Province
Authors: Al-Shabbani MaythamAskarAlwan
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out in Al-Najaf slaughterhouse to show the prevalence of hydatid cysts among the slaughtered animals during the period from 1/1/2011 to 31/12/2011 , the slaughtered animals were local breeds , both sex ( male & female ) , different ages and from different region in Al-Najaf province . the hydatid cysts was examined grossly by naked eye and palpation . The study was conducted on 114717  slaughtered animals ( 21799 cattle , 51332 sheep , 41586 goats ) . The morbidity of  hydatidosis was 0.93% in cattle , 0.62% in sheep and 0.61% in goats .     The gross pathological changes of liver revealed variety necropsy findings represented by enlargement, discoloration to dark and red zones surrounding the hydatid cysts as responses to the inflammatory reaction. Cysts mostly protruded from the surface of the organ and sometimes embedded in the parenchyma. White wall covered the cysts has been observed .            The histological changes of livers represented by infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, monocytes and phagocytes. Hepatocytes appeared separated from each other and there was vaculation in liver tissue, which contain huge number of kupffer cells .
Effect of ferulic acid on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Male Mice.
Authors: AL-Sheibani Bassim I. Mohammad , Hadi Najah Raiesh , Atia Najwan Abdulameer , Yousif Fadhil Ghaly.
Published: August 2023

Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion represents a clinically relevant problem associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. Injury of myocardium due to ischemia–reperfusion includes cardiac contractile dysfunction, arrhythmias as well as irreversible myocytes damage.                                                              A total of 24 Swiss albino adult male mice were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (1) sham group; Group (2) control group; Group (3) control vehicle (DMSO) group; Group (4) Ferulic acid treated group.Results of this study showed that levels of myocardial IL-6, were increased (p<0.001) in the control group. Histologically, all mice  in control group showed significant cardiac injury (p<0.001). Ferulic acid   significantly counteract the increase in myocardium level of IL-6 (P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed that ferulic acid   markedly reduced (P < 0.001) the severity of cardiac injury in the mice underwent LAD ligation procedure.Keywords: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) ,systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) ,  Ferulic acid (FA), left anterior descending (LAD), Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
Molecular diagnosis of Newcastle disease Iraqi Virulent strain virus HN gene by specific primers design
Authors: Al-Shammari Ahmed M. , Al-Nassrawei Huda A. , Murtadha A. M. H Murtadha A. M. H
Published: August 2023

Newcastle disease is considered the most contagious poultry disease and may cause severe economic loss in the poultry industry, The first report in which NDV was consider  as zoonotic disease and  a human pathogen that  was published by Burnet, in 1943. The aims of this study was to detect HN gene of two NDV Iraqi isolates (Najaf APMV1/ Chicken/ Iraq-najaf/ ICCMGR/2012and Baghdad ICCMGR) by designing specific priemrs for the Iraqi isolates. DNV isolates propagated in embryonated chicken eggs and showed to kill embryos in different times intervals ( more than 40 hours and less than 72 hours) with marked sever hemorrhage in infected embryos and it was similar  in the two isolates, agglutination activity reflect  titer  (1024) for  Najaf isolate and  (512) for Baghdad isolate. The present study successfully detected part of (HN) gene by using specific primers designed for one-step RT-PCR undertaken to use them on molecular diagnosis of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene in the Iraqi isolates and can be used for NDV virus detection in Iraq.
Etanercept ameliorate cardiac damage and Apoptosis Induced by Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion in male mice.
Authors: Hadi Najah R. , Yousif Fadhil G. , Yousif Maitham G , Hassan Saif M.
Published: August 2023

Ischemia-reperfusion of cardiac tissues may lead to a prominent damage of the cardiomyocyte through either necrosis or apoptosis that seems to be the predominant modes of death during this period. In this study, we investigated the effects of Etanercept in regional ischemia/ reperfusion injury and apoptosis. White albino adult male mice were divided into four groups (six mice per group). Sham group, mice were subjected for all surgical procedure without ligation of the left interior descending coronary artery (LAD). Control group, in which LAD was ligated. Control vehicle and Etanercept treated groups, mice subjected to the surgical procedure with ligation of LAD for 30 minutes followed by 120 minutes reperfusion, mice treated with normal saline (etanercept vehicle)  and Etanercept (5 mg/kg, I.P.  5 minute before reperfusion). At the end of reperfusion, cardiac tissue  caspase 3 and Bcl-2, as well as plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured. It has been found that Etanercept treated group showed significant reduction (P˂0.01) in caspase 3and cTnI but increase (P˂0.01)  the level of the Bcl-2 as compare with the control groups. Histopathology study revealed that the treatment with Etanercept significantly (P˂0.01) improved cardiac injury as compared with control groups and the total severity scores showed showed 16.7 % of the group had no damage and 50% had mild cardiac injury and 33.3% had moderate cardiac injury of Etanercept treated group. It is concluded that Etanercept reduces cardiac damage and apoptosis associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Study the effect of cumin and garlic powders on the blood picture, production performance and liver function in turkey
Authors: Aboktifa Mohammed A.
Published: August 2023

This experiment was conducted to study effect of addition of garlic powder and cumin powderon blood picture and liver enzymes function in turkey, the experimental group randomly divided in to three groups as following: group one control the second and third group was given garlic powder and cumin powder respectively then, these groups were given garlic and cumin for aged 32 days in the drinking water at dose (2 g /5 liters). Blood samples were taken from each group at day 52, 72 respectively. The results showed significant increased at p < 0.05 for parameters of hematological analysis. There were significant (p> 0.05) differences between garlic and cumin groups with control to blood plasma GOT and GPT. There were significant increase in body weight at (p> 0.05).
Effect of probiotics “Vetlactoflorum-M” and “Vetlactoflorum-C” on some serum blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Al-Aqaby AamerRassam Ali , Glaskovich A.A.
Published: August 2023

The aims of this study were to evaluate effect of using liquid preparation "Vetlactoflorum-M" (dissolved in diluted milk) and "Vetlactoflorum-C" (dissolved in whey) on some parameters such as concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and uric acidin blood of broiler chickens. One hundred fifty broilers chicken breed "Ross-308" used in one day old, divided into three groups (each of 50 chicks as follow: (control" un supplemented probiotic" , first treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-C” and second treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-M”). Blood samples were taken in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 day-old.  The results showed that the selected probiotics ("Vetlactoflorum-M" and "Vetlactoflorum-C") are able to reduce uric acid, increase glucose. Lower concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in the treatment groups. So the results were improved by using probiotic.
Determination of some biochemical parameters in clinically healthy and anemic goats
Authors: AL-Dujaily A.H. , AL-Hadithy H. AH
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted on 130 healthy and 72 affected with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) by used local breed goats to determine serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unbound iron binding capacity (UIBC), copper concentration and transferrin saturation (TS%). The 130 normal goats (40 males and 90 females). while 72 diagnosed iron deficient anemic goats (18males and 54females), both groups aged 6 months- 4 years in Najaf governorate. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins into plain tubes during October 2013 till February2014, and the separated sera were directly used for chemical investigation. Result showed in normal and iron deficient anemic goats; Serum iron concentration was 7-17.9 and 11.8±0.22, 1.2-6.9 and 4.3±0.17 respectively, TIBC 67.5-107.3 and 89.7±0.69, 67.3-265 and 112.4±4.35 respectively ,UIBC 59.1-94.9 and 78±0.69, 60.9-260 and 108.1±4.36 respectively, TS% 7.4-20 and 13.1±0.25, 0.90-10.1 and 4.1±0.23 respectively and serum copper 1.1-4.6 and 2.4±0.05, 0.7-3.0 and 1.7±0.06 respectively.However, There were a significant (P<0.05)  decrease in serum iron, TS% and copper, while there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum TIBC and UIBC of  IDA goats as compared with normal control. Also, a significant differences(P<0.05) between males and females, as well as, in subgroups of normal and anemic goats have been recorded . In conclusion the present data recorded reference ranges of some biochemical parameters in local breed goats with a significant differences between normal, anemic ,males and females, and in different physiologic status .
Serosurvillance on Toxoplasmosis in Camels (Camelusdromedarius) at Al-Najaf Province
Authors: Mahmoud , Marai H. S , Al-Rubaie ,Abdel-Elah S.M , Al-Jeburii , Kefah O. S , Taha ,  Abdel-Kareem A.
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in camels resident in Al-Najaf province in Iraq . Serum samples were collected from 360 camels, 219(60.83%) of samples represents males and 141(39.16%) were collected from females. Latex Agglutination Test(LAT) was applied to screen all serum samples for Toxoplasmosis while ELISA  was also used to confirm the positive result obtained by LAT Using LAT, out of 360 serum  samples 91 (25.2% ) were positive to Toxoplasmagondii. Percentage of  positive cases was more in females (30.4 %) than it is in males (21.9 %); the percent of seropositivity increased by increasing animals age. The  ELISA test showed that 15 (16.4 %)  samples were positive for toxoplasmosis, the males were  7 (14.5 %)which was lower than the percentage in females 8 (18.6 %). Also the percentage of positivity increased with increasing  animals age.
The influence of chitosan on immune status and survival rate of Cyprinus carpioL. challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Mustafa Sanaa A. , Alfaragi Jamal K. , Aref Zeyad
Published: August 2023

The aim of our study was to evalute the effect of chitosan on non- specific immunity and survival rate of Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 80  common carp  (36.4 ± 0.73 g) were devided into four dietary groups: The first group (G1) was served as control fed on chitosn-free diet, the second group (G2) was fed on diet supplemented with 0.75% chitosan, the third group (G3) was fed on diet supplemented with 1.5% chitosan and the fourth group (G4) was fed on diet supplemented with 2% chitosan for 45 days. After 45 day of feeding trail, 6 fish per treatment were sampled for immunity determination (respirotary burst activity, bacteriocidal actvity and lysozyme arctivity). 36 fish in all treatment groups were challenged intramusculary with Aeromonas hydrophila on day 45. The results indicated that the fish fed on diet containing 2% chitosan (G4) had the significant increased (P<0.05) in respirotary burst activity, bacteriocidal actvity and lysozyme arctivity compared to control group and to other treatment groups, followed by G3 and G2 respectively. Also, G4 showed highest resistance to challenged A. hydrophila compared to other groups.  Control group (G1) showed the decreased performance in all non sepecific immune parameters and simultaneously increased in mortality rate. Therefore, these results indicate that 2% chitosan as addititive fed  could be used as prophylactic in common carp culture to enhance the protection against any possible infection by A. hydrophila which is useful for practical fish culture.
Isolation and identification of vibrio fluvailis from goldfish Carassiusauratus In AL Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate
Authors: AL-Darwesh Ali Adnan
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to diagnose the    Vibrio fluvailis and identify some of the  virulence genes, Eighty six  samples were obtained from gold fishCarassiusauratus which were suffering from infection. Fourty one samples of gold fishCarassiusauratus  gave a positive result for the Vibrio fluvailis, in percentage ( 47.6%) . The  biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the infection as well as the examination of API 20. Polymerase chain technique  was used to identify virulence genes hupO that have a role in the pathogenesis of bacteria isolated.
Effect of probiotic “Vetlactoflorum” on some physiological parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Al-Aqaby Aamer Rassam Ali , Glaskovich A.A.
Published: August 2023

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of supplemental probiotic preparation “Vetlactoflorum” on some hematological and biochemical constituents of blood in broiler chickens. One hundred fifty broiler chickens breed "Ross-308" used in one day old, divided into three groups of 50 chicks (control" un supplemented probiotic" , first treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-C” and second treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-M”). Samples were taken in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 day-old. Experimental study conducted to determine whether supplementation of probiotic could improve the blood characteristics of broilers chickens, shown that these selected probioticorganisms are able to effect on hematological and biochemical aspects, and also some minerals in broiler chickens.
Effect of vildagliptin on atherosclerosis progression in high cholesterol –fed male rabbits
Authors: Majeed Sahar A
Published: August 2023

Back ground: Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium-sized muscular arteries and is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the large arteries.Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of vildagliptin on atherosclerosis via interfering with inflammatory and oxidative pathwaysMaterials and Methods: 18 local domestic male rabbits were included in this study. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (6rabbits in each group): Group I rabbits fed normal chow (oxiod) diet for 12 weeks. Group II rabbits fed 1% cholesterol enriched diet for 12 weeks. Group III rabbits fed with cholesterol enriched diet for 6 weeks, and then continued on cholesterol enriched diet and treated with vildaglipin 50mg/kg/day orally for the next 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the start of the study, at 6weeks of the study and then at the end of treatment course to measure Serum lipids profile [(TC), (TG), (HDL)] , hsCRP and TNFα. At the end of the study the aorta were removed for measurement of aortic MDA ,glutathione,  sectioning for histopathology and measuring  aortic intima- media thicknessResults: Treatment of rabbits with vildagliptin for 6 weeks results in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in serum level of TC, TG, hsCRP and TNFα and a significant increase (P<0.05) in serum HDL level. There was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in aortic MDA and intima-media thickness, in comparison to the rabbits in the induced untreated control group. vildagliptin treatment cause significant increment (P<0.05) in aortic GSH   in comparison to induced untreated group  .Regarding histopathological results, vildagliptin treatment for 6 weeks results in a significant reduction (P<0.05) in atherosclerotic lesions in comparison to the induced untreated group and significant reduction in aortic intima- media thickness(P<0.05)Conclusions : vildagliptin reduced  atherosclerosis progression in hyperlipidemic rabbit via its effect on lipid parameters  and interfering with inflammatory and oxidative stress pathway.
The hematological parameters in clinically normal lactating and ewes affected with mastitis
Authors: AL- Hadithy Harith Abdul-Hadi , Suleiman Jassim Mohamed
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present study was to the determine the ranges and means ± SE of hematological parameters in Naemi clinically healthy lactating and ewes with mastitis . The study was conducted on 50 normal and 50 ovine mastitis ( 19 clinical and 31 subclinical ) infected with staphylococcus aureus, both groups aged 2-5 years in Salah al-ddin governorate / Iraq . The blood samples were collected from jugular vein during the period October 2012 till April 2013 .        Results showed that the means ± SEin normal lactating and ovine mastitis  were as follows ; Packed cell volume ( PCV ) 28 ± 0.27 %  and 21.76 ± 0.46 % , hemoglobin (Hb)  9.4 ± 0.12g /dl and 7.56 ± 0.14 g / dl , red blood cell count ( RBC ) 9.52 ± 0.11 ×10⁶/µL  and 7.67±0.19 × 10⁶/µL , mean cell volume ( MCV )  29.39 ± 0.19 fl and 28.43 ± 0.32 fl , mean cell hemoglobin ( MCH ) 9.83 ± 0.08 pg and 9.88 ± 0.08 pg , mean cell hemoglobin concentration ( MCHC ) 33.51 ± 0.19 g/dl  and 34.94 ± 0.33 g/dl , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) 6.28 ± 0.15 mm / 24 hrs and 27.08 ± 2.97 mm / 24 hrs , Platelets 247.22 ± 17.88 × 10³/µL and 185.58 ± 14.55 ×10³/µL , white blood cell count ( WBC ) 8.18 ± 0.22 x10³/µL and 14.38±0.26 ×10³/µL, lymphocytes 4509.6 ± 127.6 and 5033.4 ± 412.7 / µL , neutrophils 2857.2 ± 129.2 and 7714.8 ± 415.5/µL , monocytes 371.3 ± 32.7 and 846.9 ± 38.8/µL , eosinophils 331.2 ± 18.8 and 294.7 ± 24.4/µL and basophils 100.6 ± 7.3 and 463 ± 33 / µL respectively . The PCV, Hb , RBC and platelets were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in normal lactating compared to that of ovine mastitis . The MCV, MCH and MCHC showed no significant differences between normal and ewes with matitis.       While ESR and WBC count were significantly lower in normal lactating. Moreover the results revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in some hematological values of different subgroups .
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Sweet Basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.) leaves against Escherichia coli in experimentally infected Rats
Authors: Sarhan Sarhan R. , Ibrahim Orooba M.S.
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of Ocimumbasilicum (OB)ethanolic extract in-vivo by inducing diarrhea in rats which was caused by oral administration of pathogenic Escherichea coli. The experiment that performed in this present study included study in-vivo antibacterial activity of the extract after inducing infectious diarrhea with oral pathogenic E. coli in five rats groups (eight rats of each). Two doses of O.B extract 100, 200 mg/kg. BW was used to treat this infection for fourteen days orally which compared with group E that treated with Trimethoprim/sulfa at dose 6.85mg/kg BW. The yielding percentage of Ocimumbasilicum 95% ethyl alcohol leaves extract was 13%. Phytochemicals analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids, while glycosides were absent, but Alkaloid, phenols, saponins and tannins were seemed to be found in high levels in the crude extract. Biochemical analysis of serum albumin showed different results; Albumin values returned to normal values during treatment with Ocimumbasilicum leaves extract dose of 200 mg/kg BW and Trimethoprim/sulfa at dose 6.85mg/kg BW also these two kinds of therapy returned intestinal secretory nearly to normal levels after treatment for seven days in comparison with other groups, while a dose of 100 mg/kg BW of OB extract showed a little decrease in albumin concentrations after 7 days of treatment. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that ethanolic extract of O.B leaves at dose 200 mg/kg BW was more effective and safe in comparison with antibacterial agent and other O.B dose, this antidiarrheal activity of O.Bethanolic extract may be due to its constituents of secondary metabolites that are responsible for the antibacterial activity with different mechanisms of action.
Isolation EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli from gall bladder of buffaloes and determine its sensitivity for antibiotics
Authors: Najum Ali Anok , Esmaeel Jameela Radi , Mizher Balsam Miri
Published: August 2023

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has been associated with hemorrhagic colitis, a severe form of diarrhea, and with hemolytic uremic syndrome, This study was preformed to find EHEC in gall bladder of  buffaloes , (150 gall bladder) samples were collected from slaughter house and cultured on MacConky agar then identified by culture on CefiximTellurite Sorbitol-MacConkey, agar then tested with several types of antibiotics and serotyping of isolates to determine EHEC, in addition to conjucation methods were preformed .Results showed that 13 isolates of E.coli were obtained and 6 strainS were grown on CefiximTellurite Sorbitol-MacConkey agar and positive for specific antisera of (EHEC O157:H7), and all strains were only sensitive for nitrofurane, When conjucation done all recipent cell were resistant for antibiotics: (ampicillin,streptomycin,sulfonamide,trimthoprine,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,gentamycin and amikacin).
Microscopic and morphometric study of the proventriculus and ventriculus of the Striated Scope Owl (Otus Scors brucei) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Saffar F. J. Al-Saffar , Al-Samawy Eyhab, R. M.
Published: August 2023

The stomach of the Striated Scope Owl (OtusScorsbrucei) consist of two externally distinguishable chambers: that are the proventriculus (glandular part which secretes the gastric juices) and the gizzard (ventriculus) which has a mechanical function. The proventriculus of longitudinal shape is cranially continuous with the esophagus. The gizzard was rounded shape with a thin wall is extended caudally to the proventriculus. The proventriculus was thick-walled and short (the mean length was 11.4mm , 7.1mm in diameter and 1mm3 in volume). The wall was constructed of the four typical layers of the tubular organ, that are tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularisand tunica serosa. The average thickness of each tunicawas 3240 mm, 14280 mm, 960 µm and 120 µm, respectively. The Gizzard was rounded sac surrounded by fatty tissue. Noticeably, it lack the smooth muscles fibers which are usually found in the developing gizzard and absence of the keratinoid lining of the mucosal surface. The mean length was 24.34 mm, 12.7 mm in diameter and 3 mm3 in volume.Similarly to the proventriculus, the gizzard’s wall was constructed of the same four tunics that are tunica mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularisand tunica serosa. The average thicknesses of these tunicae are 1560 mm, 1680 mm, 3240 µm and 120 µm, respectively.
Effect of adding Cinnamomumcamphora on the testosterone hormone and reproductive traits of the Awassi rams
Authors: Dawood Tamara N.
Published: August 2023

This study was aimed to find out the effect of camphor on sexual behavior in male rams. Eight sexually mature Awassi rams were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group was received Cinnamomumcamphora (20 mg/kg/ day) orally with their concentrated diet for four weeks; while the other group (control) were feed on the same diet without adding camphor. Semen was collected from the rams and the results showed that camphor reduced the semen volume, mass activity, testes length and live sperm percentage while there were insignificant differences in the testes circumference, semen concentration, individual motility and testosterone hormone level between the treated and control groups. In addition it was noticed that the abnormal percentage of sperm was significantly higher in camphor group compared with the control group.
Molecular detection of Hydatid cyst isolated from Goats in AL-Qadisiyia province by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Alkhaled Mansoor Jadaan Ali
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted during the period from August  2013 to April 2014 in AL-Qadisiyia province to detect the infection of hydatidiosis  in Goat using Molecular and conventional methods. One hundred and seventy nine  Goat  were examined at slaughters in Aldewanyia  abattoir. Caprinehydatid cyst were removed from infected  liver and lung after visceral inspection of these organs then  investigated the  viability of protoscolices by staining with eosin stain then examining under light microscope of 40x.The results showed 45 hydatid cyst were found from 179 goat  , the prevalence rate of infection (25.13%)  . 20 cyst were found fertile  only whereas 25 cyst were sterile. Regarding to infection site in organs, out of 45 hydatid cyst collected , 28(62.22%) cyst were isolated from liver whereas 17 (37.77%) isolated from lung with significant differences at p<0.05. Out of 45 hydatid cyst samples were taken from infected goats, and examined by conventional PCR , the PCR product demonstrated an expected fragment of 440 bp in the length , 10samples were given positive cases , 7(25%) samples from liver whereas only 3(12%) from lung samples gave positive  PCR  result, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between  two organs.
The effects of cinnamon powder feeding on some blood aspects and performance of broiler chicken
Authors: Hussein Talib Kh. , Hwaidi Emad H. , Mohammad Ahmed  H.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of cinnamon powder on live weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and some blood constituents. Three hundred one day-old broiler chickens (Ross308) were distributed into 15 pens with 20 chickens each, into five equal groups, comprising 3 replicates per treatment. The experimental treatments were fed as follows : a negative control diet without cinnamon T1 , 250 ppm of cinnamon T2 , 500 ppm of cinnamon T3 , 750 ppm of cinnamon T4 , and 1000 ppm of cinnamon T5 , and the feeding were carried out for 49 days.The results showed that chickens fed with cinnamon powder (T2,T3,T4,T5) had significantly higher (p≤0.05) , live body weight gain , feed intake compared with control group (T1), but there were no significant between T1 and  all treatments except T5 on feed conversion ratio. Moreover the chickens fed with cinnamon powder had significant (p≤0.05) reducing serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, cinnamon powder could be considered as a potential natural growth promoter for poultry due to the effect on some blood metabolites and broiler performance.
Histopathological Effect of heavy metal on different organs of fresh water fish tissues from Garmat Ali River adjacent to Al- Najebyia Power Station
Authors: Salim Fayhaa
Published: August 2023

Common carp fish was caged from Shatt Al-Arab near Al- Najebyia power station to study the effect of pollution with heavy metals on different fish tissue (gills,kidney, liver, muscle, skin, intestine, spleen ,gonads) sample of the water was analyzed by atomic absorption to find the concentration of heavy metal(ppm=mg/litter) which appear highest than permissible levels. The histopathological results of study were inflammatory cells in  skin  connective tissue , sub-cutaneous adipose tissue partly with fibrosis,muscle with vacuolation.In gills : Adhesion of some secondary lamella associated with inflammatory cells ,congestion, with loss of epithelial lining only capillaries left, sever atrophy only the remenant of secondary lamella left. Small intestine showed proliferation of mucous screatingcells.Liver had small bile duct enclosed by minimal fibrosis ,portal vein with some inflammatory cells. Kidney revealed glomerulus with high cellularity & tubular vacuolation, reduce hemopoietictissue,peritubularodema, tubular degeneration with congested blood vessel.Spleen revealed central arterioldiletation ,haemorrhage in the tissue,deplitation of follicular aggregation and lymphoid tissue,hemorrhagic red pulp,atrophy of follicular white pulp.gonads had different stages of spermatogenesis in testis  and different stages of developing ova , ova with vacuoles of secondary germinal layer.
Isolation of Pathogenic Escherichia coli O78:K80 Serotype From Broiler Chicks with Spontaneous Pathological Conditions in Basra Province
Authors: Ali Rajaa A.Z . , AL-Mayah Ali A.S.
Published: August 2023

Escherichia coli(E. coli) is responsible for a variety of disease conditions which cause high economic losses in poultry due to high  mortalities, decreased food conservation rate and condemnation of whole affected carcass or organs after slaughter. In the present study, 50 out of 70 broiler birds which have been collected from diseased chickens were exhibited lesions of  fibrinousperihepatitis, fibrinous pericarditis and/or airsacculitis .Birds with these lesions were subjected for bacteriological examination.. The examination revealed isolation of 23 E. coli isolates with incidence of 46%. Concerning the virulence factors , the Congo red binding activity of these isolates reveled detection of 6 positiveisolates with incidence of 26.08%. Serotyping  showed that out of 6 Congo red positive strains, only 3 strains were serologically typed and were belonged to the serotype O78:K80. Detection of pathogenic E. coli serotypes was confirmed by PCR technique with specific primers for fimA and fimH genes. All these 3 isolates of the serotype O78:K80 were reacted with these 2 genes. Antibiogramsuscebtibility pattern displayed sensitivity of these isolates to Chloramphinicol and Gentamicin and their resistance to Amoxicillin ,Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid.
Evaluation of Toxicom on Broilers Fed Mycotoxin Contaminated Ration and Vaccinated Against Gumboro
Authors: Al-Araji Furkan , Gromov, Igor N.  , Korchagina Darya V.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of preparation which synthesized in Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine adsorbent (Toxicom) 5g\kg diet against the toxic effects of mixed mycotoxins in growing broiler chickens. Total 75 chicks, one week age, were divided into 5 treated groups,15 birds for each. The first group (G1) fed a contaminated ration with mycotoxin and supplemented with toxicom 5g/kg of diet and vaccinated with gumboro vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age. The second group (G2) was fed a ration contaminated with mycotoxin and vaccinated with gumboro vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age and not supplemented with toxicom. The third group (G3) was fed intact broiler ration and vaccinated with gumboro vaccine at 15 and 22 days of age. The fourth group (G4) was only fed a contaminated ration with mycotoxins. The fifth group (G5) was fed intact broiler ration  as a control group. The diet was naturally contaminated with many mycotoxins and analyzed by ELISA and the level of mycotoxins were as follows : Aflatoxin B1 0.001 mg/kg, Dezoxivalenol 1.24 mg/kg, Zearalenon 0.068 mg/kg, Ochratoxin 0.005 mg/kg, T2 toxin 0.09 mg/kg, Fuminisen B1 0.2 mg/kg. The antibody titers for Infectious Bursal Disease vaccine (IBDv) was conducted by ELISA. It was concluded that this preparation which synthesized in Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine is protect chickens body weight and decrease the effect of mycotoxins in comparison with the other groups and recommended for using as adsorbent in Republic of Belarus.
Effect of immune modulation on brain ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Raheem Hashim T. , Hadi Najah R. , Kareem Karrar J. , Kadhim Kahlaa A.
Published: August 2023

Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury is a complex process resulting in cellular damage and death. Ischemia and reperfusion in the brain induces an inflammatory response which may exacerbate initial levels of tissue injury. In this study, we investigated the possible immune modulation of rosuvastatin in brain ischemia reperfusion injury via interfering with inflammation. Twenty four adult albino rats were randomized into four groups (each of 6) as follow: Group (1) sham group: the rats were subjected to the same surgical procedures as other groups but the common carotid arteries were not occluded; Group (2) control (ischemic-reperfused) group: the rats were subjected to the same surgical procedures as other groups with bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) for 30 min. followed by reperfusion for 1 hr but without drug; Group (3) control vehicle group: three days before surgery, rats received daily the vehicle of rosuvastatin drug, normal saline (0.9% Nacl) (1 ml/kg/day) intraperitoneally, then anesthesia and surgery with BCCAO for 30 min. followed by reperfusion for 1 hr were done and Group(4)rosuvastatin treated group: rats received daily rosuvastatinintraperitoneally. The dose of rosuvastatin was (10 mg/kg /day) for three days before the surgery, then anesthesia and surgery with BCCAO for 30 min. followed by reperfusion for 1 hr. At the end of the experiment, the levels of cerebral IL-6 significantly (p < 0.05) increased in control group as compared with the sham group. Histopothological analysis showed that rats in control group showed significant cerebral injury. Treatment with rosuvastatin significantly counteracted the increase in the cerebral levels of IL-6. Histopathological analysis revealed that rosuvastatin significantly reduced the severity of cerebral injury in the rats underwent BCCAO. We concluded that inflammatory cytokines are involved in global cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion. Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury can be modified by rosuvastatin via its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the study is to investigate the possible immune modulation of rosuvastatin in brain ischemia reperfusion injury.
Comparative study between the effect of stem cells and Metacam® on induced arthritis in dogs
Authors: Luaibi Oday K.
Published: August 2023

Objective of this project was to study the effect of stem cellson the induced arthritis in the dogs as compared with treatment Metacam®. Incomplete fruend'sadjuvant was used to induce arthritis. Twenty five dogsaged 12 month were divided into five groups: 1stgroup (T1) was negative control, while 2nd group (T2) was induced without any treatment (positive control), 3rd group (T3) was induction arthritis and treated with 0.2 mg/kg B.W.ofMetacam®intravenously (I/V)  injection, 4th group (T4) was induced and treated with 1ml/kg of B.Wof suspension of culture mediainjected (I/V),and 5thgroup (T5) was treated withstem cellssuspension in a dose of 2.5x106 cells / ml / Kg B.W. (I/V) injection.Typical clinical signs of arthritis appeared on all induction groups.The results of Hb and RBCs showed clear reduction in all induction groups as compared with (T1), the WBCs, Erythrocyte sediment rates (ESR) and C- reactive protein (CRP) in (T2) showed clear elevation as compared with (T1), After 15 and 30 days of treatment the RBCs countand HB level showed significant decline in T2, T3and T4as compared with T5 and T1, theWBCs ,ESR and CRP significantly elevated in the T2andT4as compared with T1. The T3 and T5 showed clear depletion in levels of WBCs, ESR and CRP as compared with T2 after 15 and 30 days of treatment, while the T5 revealed no significant difference as compared with T1 after 30 days of treatment.The histopathologicalchangesin T2 and T4 showed erosion and infiltration of inflammatory cells, T3 showed hypertrophy of synovial lining and mild inflammatory cells in synovium, T5 explained return the bone tissue to normal.In this experiment concluded a successful use of stem cells in treatment of arthritis without side effect as comparison with Metacam®.
A Comparative Study of The Effect of Red Laser Wavelength and Green Laser Wavelength on The Healing of Achilles Tendon Injury In Rabbits
Authors: Alrashid Ibrahim MH
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to compare the effect of laser wavelength treatment on an  injured Achilles tendon; between two laser types red laser(650nm-10w) and green laser(532nm-10w). 18 rabbits, male and mature were used in the present study, the animals were divided into three groups, a control group, red laser group and green laser group. Each group was  tenoctomized the Achilles tendon, two groups were treated with one joule red laser and one joule green laser for 10 minutes daily for 14 days, laser beam applied vertically on the tendon dorsally, while the control group leaves to conventional recovery. The red laser group was showing  significant values at P≤0.05 in most items or parameters while green laser group was showed convergence with a control group except few items at P≤0.05, as well as a red laser group show better healing sonographically while histopathologically , images reveal no different in all groups at microscopic observation. In conclusions: laser therapy mainly depends on wavelength more thandensity and red laser better than green laser in treatment of Achilles tendon injury.
Resistance to cecal coccidiosis following sonicated oocysts immunization of Eimeri tenella in broilers
Authors: Kadhim Latif I. , Hussien Awse. M.
Published: August 2023

Seventy five broiler chicks were used to determine the immunization of in ovo inoculation or intramusclular (I/M) injection of sonicatedoocyts (SO) antigen against E. tenella manifestation. The chicks were divided in to 3 equal groups compromising of 25 chicks each. The 1st group inoculated in ovowithSO of E. tenella and repeated by I/M injection at 21 days old. The 2nd group injected I/M withSO at day old and repeated at 21 days old, The birds of the 3rd group remains as control. All birds were challenge by 50,000 sporulatedoocysts of E. tenellaat day 28. No significant (P > 0.05) group difference was detected between the immunized and non-immunized groups for mean, WBC count, H/L ratio, lesion score, mortality and oocysts shedding until E. tenella challenge at day 28. After challenge test the in ovo and I/M immunized groups showed a great protective immunity against E. tenellainfection documented by significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mortality, lesion score and decreased fecal oocyst shedding, compared with non-immunized group. It is concluded that in ovo and I/M immuinzation of sonicatedoocyst stimulates a remarkable protection in broilers following E. tenellainfectioncomparing with non-immunized groups. There was no significance difference between the two procedures of immunization.