bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Glioblastoma Treatment Response Using Machine Learning Approach Based on Magnetic Resonance Images Radiomics: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sadeghinasab Amirreza , Fatahiasl Jafar , Tahmasbi Marziyeh , Razmjoo Sasan , Yousefipour Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Assessing treatment response in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors necessitates developing more objective and quantitative approaches. A machine learning‐based approach is presented in this exploratory study for GBM patients' treatment response assessment based on radiomics extracted from magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Methods

MR images from 77 GBM patients were acquired at two post‐surgery stages and preprocessed. From these images, 107 radiomics were extracted from the segmented tumoral cavities. The most informative features for training machine learning (ML) classifiers were identified using the Spearman correlation analysis of features retained by the forward sequential and LASSO algorithms. Applied machine learning models included support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), AdaBoost, categorical boosting (CatBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Naïve Bayes (NB) and logistic regression (LR). Ten‐fold cross‐validation was used to validate the models. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27; p‐value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

The Naïve Bayes classifier demonstrated the highest performance among the trained models, achieving an AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.86 ± 0.13 when trained on the seven features selected by the forward sequential algorithm and an AUC of 0.84 ± 0.14 when trained using the five features chosen by the LASSO algorithm. The second‐best performance was observed with the KNN classifier, which achieved an AUC of 0.80 ± 0.17 when trained on the features selected by the forward sequential algorithm.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrated that MRI‐based radiomics could be used as distinctive features to train ML models for GBM patients' treatment response assessment. Trained ML classifiers based on these features serve as aiding tools to expedite the quantitative assessment of GBM patients' treatment response besides qualitative evaluations.
Clinical outcomes by baseline metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib: Post hoc analysis of the CLEAR trial
Authors: Grünwald Viktor , McKay Rana R. , Buchler Tomas , Eto Masatoshi , Park Se Hoon , Takagi Toshio , Zanetta Sylvie , Keizman Daniel , Suárez Cristina , Négrier Sylvie , Lee Jae Lyun , Santini Daniele , Bedke Jens , Staehler Michael , Kollmannsberger Christian , Choueiri Toni K. , Motzer Robert J. , Burgents Joseph E. , Xie Ran , Okpara Chinyere E. , Powles Thomas
Published: December 2024

Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab significantly improved efficacy versus sunitinib in treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) in the phase 3 CLEAR study. We report results of an exploratory post hoc analysis of tumor response data based on baseline metastatic characteristics of patients who received lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib, at the final overall survival analysis time point of CLEAR (cutoff: July 31, 2022). Treatment‐naïve adults with aRCC were randomized to: lenvatinib (20 mg PO QD in 21‐day cycles) plus pembrolizumab (n = 355; 200 mg IV Q3W); lenvatinib plus everolimus (not reported here); or sunitinib (n = 357; 50 mg PO QD; 4 weeks on/2 weeks off). The most common (lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab; sunitinib, respectively) metastatic site was lung (71.0%; 63.9%), followed by lymph node (45.6%; 43.7%), bone (22.5%; 24.9%), and liver (17.7%; 19.6%). Across treatment arms, ≥65% had two or more metastatic organs/sites involved, >80% of patients had nontarget lesions, and ~45% had baseline sums of diameters of target lesions ≥60 mm. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab demonstrated greater progression‐free survival, objective response rate, and duration of response versus sunitinib across evaluable subgroups regardless of site or size of baseline metastasis or number of metastatic sites at baseline. Overall survival generally trended to favor lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus sunitinib; and tumor shrinkage was greater across sites (lung, lymph node, liver, and bone) for patients in the lenvatinib‐plus‐pembrolizumab arm versus the sunitinib arm. These results further support lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab as a standard‐of‐care in patients with aRCC regardless of site or size of baseline metastasis or the number of metastatic sites.
Comprehensive characterization of MCL‐1 in patients with colorectal cancer: Expression, molecular profiles, and outcomes
Authors: Mittal Pooja , Battaglin Francesca , Baca Yasmine , Xiu Joanne , Farrell Alex , Soni Shivani , Lo Jae Ho , Torres‐Gonzalez Lesly , Algaze Sandra , Jayachandran Priya , Ashouri Karam , Wong Alexandra , Zhang Wu , Yu Jian , Zhang Lin , Weinberg Benjamin A. , Lou Emil , Shields Anthony F. , Goldberg Richard M. , Marshall John L. , Goel Sanjay , Singh Indrakant K. , Lenz Heinz‐Josef
Published: December 2024

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL‐1) is a member of the B‐cell lymphoma 2 protein family and has anti‐apoptotic functions. Deregulation of MCL‐1 has been reported in several cancers, including lung and breast cancer. In the present study, the association of MCL‐1 expression with molecular features in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been highlighted. CRC samples from Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, AZ) were analyzed using NextGen DNA sequencing, whole transcriptome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC); and stratified based on MCL‐1 expression as top quartile MCL‐1high (Q4) and bottom quartile MCL‐1low (Q1). Immune cell infiltration (CI) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was measured using RNA deconvolution analysis (QuanTIseq). MCL‐1high tumors were associated with an increased rate of programmed death ligand 1 IHC, higher T cell‐inflamed signature, interferon score, microsatellite instability‐high and tumor mutational burden‐high status. MCL‐1high was associated with higher mutation rates of BCOR, TP53, KMT2D, ASXL1, KDM6A, ATM, MSH6, SPEN, KRAS, STK11, GNAS, RNF43, and lower mutation rates of CDKN1B, NRAS, and APC, and copy number amplifications in several genes. MCL‐1high TME had higher CI of M1 and M2 macrophages, B cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, and T‐regulatory cells infiltration, and lower CI of myeloid dendritic cells. Higher MCL‐1 expression is significantly associated with favorable clinical outcomes in CRC cohorts. Our data showed a strong correlation between MCL‐1 and distinct immune biomarkers and TME CI in CRC. Our findings suggest MCL‐1 is a potential modulator of antitumor immunity, TME, and biomarker in CRC.
Risk of childhood brain tumors after exposure to CT radiation: A nationwide population‐based case–control study in Finland
Authors: Abuhamed Jad , Nikkilä Atte , Raitanen Jani , Lohi Olli , Auvinen Anssi
Published: December 2024

In this nationwide population‐based case–control study, we assessed the risk of childhood brain tumors following exposure to radiation from CT. Brain tumors diagnosed in Finland during 1990–2016 were identified by the Finnish Cancer Registry. For each case, three age‐ and sex‐matched controls were sampled from the Population Information System. The study population was linked to a CT dataset encompassing pediatric CTs performed in Finland during 1975–2011. We implemented a 5‐year lag period and excluded participants with cancer predisposition syndromes or previous malignancies. We estimated brain doses using the NCICT program. Overall, 1067 brain tumors were diagnosed in children aged 0–15 years during 1990–2016, 58% of which were gliomas. Among eligible participants, nine cases (1%) and 10 controls (0.4%) had undergone at least one head/neck CT scan. The mean cumulative brain dose was 22 mGy for exposed participants. Participants who had undergone one or more head/neck CTs had a higher risk of developing brain tumors compared to unexposed individuals (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% CI 1.12, 7.19). The excess OR (EOR) per 100 mGy of brain dose was 5.50 (95% CI 0.31, 10.95) for all brain tumors, and 1.06 (95% CI −6.55, 9.30) for gliomas. Our results suggest a positive association between head/neck CT imaging and the risk of childhood brain tumors. These findings contribute to the existing knowledge about the hazards of low dose ionizing radiation in pediatric populations. Further research with more precise dosimetry, including dose distribution within the brain, is needed.
A Review of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Delivery Strategies and Applications in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Tu Yuhan , Li Yang , Qu Gaoer , Ning Yangyang , Li Bin , Li Guoben , Wu Min , Li Shijun , Huang Yangge
Published: December 2024

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a significant member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. The bFGF has a three‐dimensional structure comprising 12 reverse parallel β‐folds. This structure facilitates tissue wound repair, angiogenesis, bone formation, cartilage repair, and nerve regeneration. Consequently, it has garnered significant attention from scholars both domestically and internationally. However, the instability and degradation properties of bFGF in vivo have limited its clinical application. Significant interest has arisen in the development of novel bFGF delivery systems that can address the shortcomings of bFGF and enhance its bioavailability by controlling the release amount, timing, and location. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the research and recent advances in various bFGF delivery systems, including hydrogels, liposomes, microspheres, and nanoparticles. Subsequently, the applications of bFGF pharmaceutical preparations in various fields are described. Finally, the current clinical applications of bFGF drug formulations and those in clinical trials are discussed, along with their clinical translation and future trends.
Beneficial Effects of Tilapia Fish Skin on Excisional Skin Wound Healing in a Type I Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Hosny Omar Hussein , Radad Khaled , Ali Magda Mahmoud , Ahmed Ahmed Fathy
Published: December 2024

IntroductionProlonged hyperglycemia in diabetic patients often impairs wound healing, leading to chronic infections and complications. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of fresh Tilapia fish skin as a treatment to enhance wound healing in diabetic rats. MethodsThirty‐nine healthy adult albino rats, weighing between 150 and 200 g, were divided into three groups: non‐diabetic rats with untreated wounds [C‐], diabetic rats with untreated wounds [C+], and diabetic rats treated with fresh Tilapia skin [TT]. The healing process was monitored through clinical observation, gross examination, and histopathological analysis. ResultsThe results demonstrated that the Tilapia skin treatment accelerated wound healing, as evidenced by complete reepithelialization, full epidermal cell differentiation, an intact dermo‐epidermal junction, and a reorganized dermis with fewer blood vessels. ConclusionFresh Tilapia skin proved to be a safe and effective dressing for promoting wound healing and managing infection in diabetic wounds.
Machine Learning‐Corrected Simplified Time‐Dependent DFT for Systems With Inverted Single‐t‐o‐Triplet Gaps of Interest for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Curtis Kevin , Odoh Samuel O.
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen gas (H2) can be produced via entirely solar‐driven photocatalytic water splitting (PWS). A promising set of organic materials for facilitating PWS are the so‐called inverted singlet‐triplet, INVEST, materials. Inversion of the singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) energies reduces the population of triplet states, which are otherwise destructive under photocatalytic conditions. Moreover, when INVEST materials possess dark S1 states, the excited state lifetimes are maximized, facilitating energy transfer to split water. In the context of solar‐driven processes, it is also desirable that these INVEST materials absorb near the solar maximum. Many aza‐triangulenes possess the desired INVEST property, making it beneficial to describe an approach for systematically and efficiently predicting the INVEST property as well as properties that make for efficient photocatalytic water splitting, while exploring the large chemical space of the aza‐triangulenes. Here, we utilize machine learning to generate post hoc corrections to simplified Tamm–Dancoff approximation density functional theory (sTDA‐DFT) for singlet and triplet excitation energies that are within 28–50 meV of second‐order algebraic diagrammatic construction, ADC(2), as well as the singlet‐to‐triplet, ΔES1T1, gaps of PWS systems. Our Δ‐ML model is able to recall 85% of the systems identified by ADC(2) as candidates for PWS. Further, with a modest database of ADC(2) excitation energies of 4025 aza‐triangulenes, we identified 78 molecules suitable for entirely solar‐driven PWS.
Avoiding Secants of Given Size in Finite Projective Planes
Authors: Héger Tamás , Nagy Zoltán Lóránt
Published: December 2024

Let be a prime power and be a natural number. What are the possible cardinalities of point sets in a projective plane of order , which do not intersect any line at exactly points? This problem and its variants have been investigated before, in relation with blocking sets, untouchable sets or sets of even type, among others. In this article, we show a series of results which point out the existence of all or almost all possible values for , provided that is not close to the extremal values 0 or . Moreover, using polynomial techniques we show that for every prescribed list of numbers , there exists a point set with the following property: holds for the th line , .
Intersectional Anticipated Discrimination Among Women Experiencing Homelessness in Argentina
Authors: Lenta Malena , Iorio Jorgelina Di , Vázquez José Juan
Published: December 2024

Women experiencing homelessness constitute a group with idiosyncratic characteristics and needs that have largely remained invisible. Their discriminatory situation has been studied very little which may limit the design of specific intervention strategies. Buenos Aires (Argentina) is one of the main megalopolises in Latin America, where information on women experiencing homelessness is scarcely available. The main objective of this paper is to analyze different aspects related to intersectional anticipated discrimination perceived by women experiencing homelessness in Buenos Aires (n = 72). A structured interview was used to collect the information. The findings show that the vast majority of women experiencing homelessness in Buenos Aires reported experiencing unfair treatment and anticipated discrimination. In addition, more than two‐thirds of the women interviewed indicated that they felt they could be insulted or detained without cause, among other unfair treatment. Among the main reasons attributed by the interviewees to these situations of discrimination were the fact of being homeless, being women (cis or trans), and being poor. The results obtained may be useful to guide the design and implementation of policies, services, and programs for women experiencing homelessness with a gender perspective.
Polyaniline‐modified anodes for brewery waste treatment in microbial fuel cells: insights into inoculum selection, cell configuration, and lactic acid valorization
Authors: Garduño‐Ibarra I. Rafael , Tanga Shruti , Tsitouras Alexandra , Kinsley Chris , Baranova Elena
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

This study focuses on the treatment of brewery waste slurries (BWS) with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) using a single‐chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) inoculated with heat‐treated anaerobic seed sludge. A co‐substrate of 5 g L−1 glycerol was added, and carbon felt (CF) was employed as the anode material, enhanced through in situ polymerization of aniline (PANI/CF). Additionally, the adsorption of ruthenium dioxide nanoparticles onto the modified CF was assessed (PANI‐RO/CF).

RESULTS

Tests conducted at room temperature (19 °C to 22 °C) achieved an average COD reduction of 36%. The PANI‐RO/CF electrode accumulated 24% more charge, resulting in the highest coulombic efficiency of 75.1%, significantly exceeding similar studies. However, the PANI‐modified anode generated more energy, exceeding that of the bare CF by more than double, reaching 57.1 mW m−2. An optimized working volume was identified in relation to other reported works. Microbial population analysis revealed an interaction between Staphylococcus epidermidis and a rarely reported psychrophilic Bacillus species. After 30 h, lactic acid emerged as the main by‐product, with a concentration of 7.5 ± 0.6 g L−1.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings highlight an optimization approach based on cell configuration and inoculum selection, as well as a significant valorization pathway that is frequently overlooked in the existing literature on brewery wastewater treatment using MFCs, particularly regarding the attractiveness of lactic acid production. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Cross‐sectional area on magnetic resonance images of the semitendinosus tendon is strongly related to the collagen fibril diameter
Authors: Mizuno Yushin , Nakase Junsuke , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Asai Kazuki , Takata Yasushi , Kanayama Tomoyuki , Sengoku Takuya , Ozaki Noriyuki , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Using a thin semitendinosus tendon as an autograft is a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Preoperative evaluation of the cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon using magnetic resonance imaging is useful. However, studies comparing the cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon on magnetic resonance imaging and the collagen fibril diameter of the semitendinosus tendon are lacking. We aimed to investigate the relationship between collagen fibril diameter and cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon using magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods

We included 14 patients (24.5 ± 12.3 years) who underwent anterior cruciate or medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon. Samples not used to prepare autografts were used to evaluate the collagen fibril diameter. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure several hundred short fibril diameters per sample. Magnetic resonance imaging (T2‐weighted imaging) was used to assess the cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon, measured 8 cm proximal to the tibial attachment. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were determined for collagen fibril diameter and cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon on magnetic resonance imaging, and the relationship between both parameters was evaluated.

Results

The collagen fibril diameter of the semitendinosus tendon was calculated from 10,279 fibrils. The correlation coefficient between the collagen fibril diameter and the cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon was 0.821 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

A strong positive correlation was observed between the collagen fibril diameter and cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon. A small cross‐sectional area on the magnetic resonance image of the semitendinosus tendon indicated a thin collagen fibril diameter, which may affect the mechanical strength of the autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The collagen fibril diameter can be predicted preoperatively by measuring the cross‐sectional area of the semitendinosus tendon using magnetic resonance imaging.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Positive Co‐Degree Turán Number for C5 and C5−
Authors: Wu Zhuo
Published: December 2024

The minimum positive co‐degree of a nonempty ‐graph is the maximum such that if is an ‐set contained in a hyperedge of , then is contained in at least hyperedges of . For any ‐graph , the positive degree Turán number is defined as the maximum value of over all ‐vertex ‐free nonempty ‐graphs . In this paper, we determine the positive degree Turán number for and .
ATM/ATR‐Mediated DNA Damage Response Facilitates SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein‐Induced Syncytium Formation
Authors: Zhao Xiaotong , Wei Tingting , Hou Yujia , Wu Yanjin , Zhou Haitao , Meng Jiahui , Wang Qin , Liu Yang
Published: December 2024

Multinucleated cells are present in lung tissues of patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. Although the spike protein can cause the fusion of infected cells and ACE2‐expressing cells to form syncytia and induce damage, how host cell responses to this damage and the role of DNA damage response (DDR) signals in cell fusion are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein on the fusion of homologous and heterologous cells expressing ACE2 in vitro models, focusing on the protein levels of ATR and ATM, the major kinases responding to DNA damage, and their substrates CHK1 and CHK2. We found that both homologous and heterologous cell fusion activated the ATR‐CHK1 and ATM‐CHK2 signaling axis and induced the aggregation of γH2AX, 53BP1 and RAD51 in syncytia. In addition, siRNA or inhibitors of ATM and ATR suppressed syncytia formation by decreasing the level of S protein. These results showed the important role of DDR in stabilizing the S protein and in favoring its induction of cell fusion and syncytium formation, suggesting that the virus exploits the host DDR to facilitate its spread among infected cells.
RNA Modifications and Their Role in Regulating KSHV Replication and Pathogenic Mechanisms
Authors: Schultz S. , Gomard‐Henshaw K. , Muller M.
Published: December 2024

Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus that plays a major role in several human malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. The complexity of KSHV biology is reflected in the sophisticated regulation of its biphasic life cycle, consisting of a quiescent latent phase and virion‐producing lytic replication. KSHV expresses coding and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, which play crucial roles in modulating viral gene expression, immune evasion, and intercellular communication. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of RNA modifications, also known as the epitranscriptome, in regulating KSHV‐encoded RNAs, adding a novel layer of posttranscriptional control previously unknown. These RNA modifications, such as N6‐methyladenosine, A‐to‐I editing, and N4‐acetylcytidine, are involved in fine‐tuning KSHV gene expression during both latency and lytic replication. Understanding the role of RNA modifications in KSHV infection is essential for revealing new regulatory mechanisms and identifying therapeutic opportunities. Targeting these RNA modifications could serve as a strategy to disrupt key viral processes, offering promising insights into KSHV pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.
When Complexity Meets Complexity: COVID‐19‐Induced Supply Chain Disruptions and Strategy Portfolio Efficiency
Authors: Yildiz Hakan , Yan Tingting , Hatton Marc , Fowler John , Kull Thomas J. , Sisk Lori
Published: December 2024

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, global supply chains have experienced sustained impacts from unprecedented complex disruptions in different combinations and at different times. From an efficiency perspective, do these complex supply chain disruptions call for more complex risk management strategies? To answer this, we built an empirically grounded discrete event simulation model, the results of which were analyzed using data envelopment analysis. Results show that with unprecedented complex disruption patterns, a multi‐strategy portfolio approach is usually less efficient than a single‐strategy or a do‐nothing approach unless the strategy portfolio has certain characteristics. The most efficient strategy portfolios typically consist of a moderate number of diverse strategies. Too many strategies in a portfolio can be problematic, leading to increased costs that outpace improvement in revenue and service level. Results illustrate that even a strategy that generally performs poorly can be part of a very good strategy portfolio and vice versa. This study provides nuanced and novel findings that contribute to the resolution of the literature debate about the value of multi‐strategy portfolios in addressing complex disruption patterns. Highlighting the value of a strategy portfolio view, these insights help firms better prepare for the next complex and sustained global supply chain disruptions.
Racial Disparities in the Use of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Gurau Andrei , Monton Olivia , Greer Jonathan B. , Nicolson Norman G. , Johnston Fabian M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Racial disparities in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) utilization across gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are not well characterized. We evaluated racial/ethnic disparities in the use of MIS approaches and associated outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed a cohort of patients with GI cancer in the National Cancer Database (2010–2020). Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between race/ethnicity and approach. Logistic regression was used to assess 30‐day readmission and 90‐day mortality. Cox regression was used to analyze overall survival. Models were adjusted for demographics, clinical characteristics, cancer factors, and facility features.

Results

Of the 839 398 patients included, 76.9% were White, 11.6% Black, 6.6% Hispanic/Latino, 4.0% Asian, and 0.3% Indigenous. Compared with patients of White race, the odds of robotic surgery were lower for Black (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.93) and Indigenous patients (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.89), but higher for Hispanic/Latino (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.17) and Asian patients (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.21–1.34). Indigenous patients had higher odds of readmission (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.23–1.62), 90‐day mortality (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11–1.54), and worse overall survival (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.18).

Conclusion

Indigenous and Black patients have lower utilization of minimally invasive approaches and worse outcomes in GI cancer care.
Impact of Metastatic Pattern on Survival Following Pancreatectomy for Cancer
Authors: Gunder Meredith A. , DeBeer Tonner , Siegel Julie A. , Egger Michael E. , McMasters Kelly M. , Martin Robert C. G. , Philips Prejesh A. , Vitale Gary C. , Scoggins Charles R.
Published: December 2024

Background and Methods

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing, and up to 55% of patients present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Many patients also develop metastatic disease following surgical resection. The impact of metastatic patterns on outcomes has not been described. A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated at a tertiary care center from 2012 to 2023. Patients who presented with metastatic disease or developed metastatic disease during their treatment course were identified. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with specific metastatic patterns. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were estimated for metastatic sites and stratified by treatment.

Results

Of the 330 patients identified, 192 (58.2%) presented with locoregional disease and underwent curative intent surgery before developing metastases, and 138 (41.8%) presented initially with metastatic disease. Median overall survival (OS) with metastases for all patients was 6 months. For patients who underwent curative intent surgery, OS was significantly worse for those who developed peritoneal metastasis compared to patients who developed other sites of metastases (median OS 5.4 vs. 9.2 months, p = 0.0005).

Conclusion

The development of peritoneal metastases after surgery for pancreatic cancer is associated with worse OS compared to other sites of metastatic disease.
Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology for the Treatment of Neoplastic Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Carvalho Erlon de Avila , Oliveira Rachid Eduardo Noleto da Nobrega , Ribeiro José Henrique Agner , Gross Jefferson Luís , Galhardo Cezar Augusto Vendas , Neto Heládio Feitosa e Castro , Santos Giovana dos , Ribeiro Reitan , Oliveira Alexandre Ferreira , Pinheiro Rodrigo Nascimento
Published: December 2024

This document presents guidelines to assist surgeons in the diagnosis and management of this condition, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach. Recommendations described by a group of physicians members of the Brazilian Society of Oncological Surgery regarding the treatment of neoplastic pericardial effusion, developed to guide oncological surgeons, cardiothoracic surgeons and general surgeons in their clinical practice. Members of the Thoracic Neoplasms Committee carried out a literature review and discussion among expert peers to create a guideline that would help in managing this very serious clinical condition in our oncology practice: Neoplastic pericardial effusion.
A Single Institution Experience With Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction: Impact of Insurance Coverage on Risk Reduction
Authors: Huang Anne , Koesters Emma , Garza Rebecca M. , Hanson Summer E. , Chang David W.
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) performed to prevent breast cancer related lymphedema is not consistently covered by insurance payors in the United States.

Methods

Retrospective review was performed on a prospective database of ILR candidates from 2018 to 2022. Candidates were identified as patients with clinical axillary lymph node involvement at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Patient demographics, insurance type, and development of lymphedema were recorded.

Results

One hundred and eighty ILR candidates were identified, 50 of whom underwent ILR. Non‐ILR patients were more likely to be of black race, have Medicaid health insurance, earn lower median household income, and have lower rates of out‐of‐pocket payment when not covered by insurance. In 40 cases where ILR was indicated but not performed, 55% were due to financial reasons. After a minimum of 1 year follow up, 14.6% (6/41) of patients who underwent ILR had lymphedema, compared with 12.5% (9/72) of patients who had no clinical indication for ILR and 40% (10/25) of patients who did not undergo ILR when clinically indicated (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

Disparities in insurance coverage and financial resources may adversely impact access and outcomes in patients clinically indicated for ILR.
Curcumin‐induced exosomal FTO from bone marrow stem cells alleviates sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury by modulating the m6A methylation of OXSR1
Authors: Yang Ting , Yu Hui , Xie Zheng
Published: December 2024

Curcumin and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs)‐derived exosomes are considered to be useful for the treatment of many human diseases, including sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI). However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of curcumin‐loaded BMSCs‐derived exosomes in the progression of SA‐AKI remain unclear. Exosomes (BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin or BMSCs‐EXOControl) were isolated from curcumin or DMSO‐treated BMSCs, and then co‐cultured with LPS‐induced HK2 cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and flow cytometry. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for examining inflammatory factors. The levels of SOD, MDA, and ROS were tested to assess oxidative stress. The levels of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) and oxidative stress responsive 1 (OXSR1) were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used for measuring the interaction between FTO and OXSR1. BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin treatment could inhibit LPS‐induced HK2 cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. FTO was downregulated in SA‐AKI patients and LPS‐induced HK2 cells, while was upregulated in BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin. Exosomal FTO from curcumin‐induced BMSCs suppressed apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in LPS‐induced HK2 cells. FTO decreased OXSR1 expression through m6A modification, and the inhibitory effect of FTO on LPS‐induced HK2 cell injury could be eliminated by OXSR1 overexpression. In animal experiments, BMSCs‐EXOCurcumin alleviated kidney injury in SA‐AKI mice models by regulating FTO/OXSR1 axis. In conclusion, exosomal FTO from curcumin‐induced BMSCs reduced OXSR1 expression to alleviate LPS‐induced HK2 cell injury and improve kidney function in CLP‐induced mice models, providing a new target for SA‐AKI.
The Impact of Humidity on High Temperature Corrosion of Ferritic‐Austenitic Model Alloys in the Presence of KCL
Authors: Kingsbery P. , John T. , Stephan‐Scherb C.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of humidity on the corrosion behavior of an Fe–18Cr–12Ni alloy in environments containing KCl, as a deposit, and either laboratory air or at 560°C for exposure times up to 330 h. Corrosion characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with subsequent Rietveld analysis to quantify the obtained reaction products. Samples exposed to lab air and KCl showed half the weight gain in humid air than in dry atmospheres ( at 30.00% 0.07% relative humidity (r.H.) vs. at 1.58% 0.09% r.H.). The surface porosity, as determined by image analysis of SEM surface images, was lower for the samples exposed to humid air compared to dry air (5.5% 2.1% vs. 11.0% 2.2%, respectively). In a SO2 containing environment humidity decreased the scale thickness for deposit induced corrosion significantly by one order of magnitude, reflected by a low amount of oxide phases such as , and . This study shows that humidity present in a hot gas containing other corrosive species, such as SO2, can be beneficial for KCl deposit induced corrosion of stainless steels.
Corrosion Behavior of Bactericidal Surfaces Based on Silver and Copper Ion Implantation
Authors: Concustell Amadeu , Pérez‐Alonso Alejandro , Bahillo Marc , Molas Sílvia , Bonet Raül , Orrit‐Prat Jordi , Caro Jaume , Muñoz Joan
Published: December 2024

Titanium is a commonly used material in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. In addition, the surface incorporation of metal ions with bactericidal behavior proves to be very interesting in preventing bacterial colonization in biomedical titanium implants. This study investigates the corrosion resistance and stability of a series of Ti substrates implanted with Ag and Cu ions, as well as a combination of both. Characterization results indicate that the dense native oxide layer naturally present in Ti may contain more defects in the implanted materials due to the implantation process, especially when Ag is implanted. The material co‐implanted with Ag and Cu presents an outer oxide layer with Ag and Cu nanoparticles which are the source of ions that can act as bactericidal agents. Finally, the study shows that the implantation of Ag and/or Cu ions does not lead to a deterioration of the corrosion resistance of Ti under simulated physiological conditions.
Unveiling the Oxidation Behavior of a Binary Mg–Y Alloy
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Haoyu , Yi Fang , Gao Yonghao , Liu Chuming
Published: December 2024

Magnesium and its alloys are the most promising lightweight metallic materials because of their outstanding mechanical performance. However, Mg alloys have long been criticized for their low oxidation resistance. In this study, the isothermal oxidation of a Mg–Y alloy at 350°C was investigated, and the resulting oxide scale was systematically characterized using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other analytical techniques. The findings reveal that isothermal oxidation results in (i) an increase in the average Y content along grain boundaries, from 1.41 to 3.05 at.%, and surface enrichment of Y content from 0.86 to 3.07 at.% after 6 to 48 h of oxidation; (ii) inhomogeneous oxidation caused by microstructural heterogeneity; and (iii) the formation of an oxide scale consisting of a mixture of MgO and oxygen‐deficient Y₂O₃ at the oxide/substrate interface, driven by the inward transport of oxygen anions. The molar ratio of MgO to Y₂O₃ was found to vary with oxidation time.
Gentamicin Has No Significant Adverse Effect on Porcine Embryo Development In Vitro
Authors: Noland Rylie S. , Redel Bethany K. , LaMartina Marissa G. , Chen Paula R. , Prather Randall S.
Published: December 2024

The composition of the culture medium affects the viability and developmental competency of porcine embryos produced in vitro. Previous transcriptional profiling has identified areas of improvement in the formulation of these media. Xenobiotic metabolism‐related genes were upregulated in in vitro‐cultured porcine embryos compared to their in vivo‐derived counterparts, and the antibiotic gentamicin is a component of porcine embryo culture media. While effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, gentamicin has been observed to be toxic to rat embryos and may induce changes in gene expression in cell culture. The objective of this study was to determine if gentamicin has an adverse effect on the development of porcine embryos. After in vitro fertilization, presumptive zygotes were placed in either MU4 medium containing gentamicin or MU4 medium without gentamicin. No difference was detected in blastocyst development, total cell number, apoptotic index, or expression of 3 selected genes between embryos cultured with or without gentamicin (p > 0.05). Therefore, porcine embryos are able to tolerate the presence of 10 μg/mL gentamicin without significant impacts on blastocyst development rate, total cell number, or apoptosis.
Computational Large‐Deformation‐Plasticity Periporomechanics for Localization and Instability in Deformable Porous Media
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Pashazad Hossein , Whittle Andrew J.
Published: December 2024

In this article, we formulate a computational large‐deformation‐plasticity (LDP) periporomechanics (PPM) paradigm through a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient following the notion of an intermediate stress‐free configuration. PPM is a nonlocal meshless formulation of poromechanics for deformable porous media through integral equations in which a porous material is represented by mixed material points with nonlocal poromechanical interactions. Advanced constitutive models can be readily integrated within the PPM framework. In this paper, we implement a linearly elastoplastic model with Drucker–Prager yield and post‐peak strain softening (loss of cohesion). This is accomplished using the multiplicative decomposition of the nonlocal deformation gradient and the return mapping algorithm for LDP. The paper presents a series of numerical examples that illustrate the capabilities of PPM to simulate the development of shear bands, large plastic deformations, and progressive slope failure mechanisms. We also demonstrate that the PPM results are robust and stable to the material point density (grid spacing). We illustrate the complex retrogressive failure observed in sensitive St. Monique clay that was triggered by toe erosion. The PPM analysis captures the distribution of horst and graben structures that were observed in the failed clay mass.
Simulating Brittle Fracture With a Robust Hybrid Explicit–Implicit Solver for Staggered Phase‐Field Problems
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Farhad , Gorji Mahan , Sartorti Roman , Radtke Lars , Düster Alexander
Published: December 2024

In this work, the robustness of phase‐field fracture simulations is increased by introducing a new hybrid approach to take advantages of both explicit and implicit solvers. Switching to an explicit solver at critical load cases enables us to define a threshold on the maximum number of staggered iterations per load step. Having this threshold would be very useful in complicated FCM problems since we cannot wait for a full convergence of the implicit solver at critical load steps. With the new hybrid method, the problem is implicit as long as the implicit solver can converge within a specified threshold; otherwise, the failed load step will be solved robustly using an explicit approach. The method can resolve the highly nonlinear part of the global load–displacement curve. The superiority of the approach is shown in different benchmark examples.
Data‐Driven Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems Using Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Fiedler Julius , Gerbet Daniel , Röbenack Klaus
Published: December 2024

This contribution discusses a method for approximating the observability canonical form of nonlinear systems, circumventing the need for extensive symbolic computations. Instead, we design a high‐gain observer leveraging neural networks and automatic differentiation. The approach aims to address the challenges associated with computing the observability canonical form, and especially the reverse transformation, by utilizing neural networks to approximate the nonlinearities in the observer's differential equation and the inverse observability map. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method through experimental results on a physical pendulum system.
A Finite Element Neural Network Approach for Modeling Particles in Non‐Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Minakowska Martyna , Richter Thomas
Published: December 2024

We describe a hybrid simulation approach for the modeling of particle‐laden flows taking into account nonlinear effects of non‐Newtonian flows. We focus on the situation of small particles with low concentration, whose influence on the flow can be neglected and which can be modeled as point particles. While the case of spherical particles is in the Newtonian case well understood, the description of the interaction with non‐spherical particles is not straightforward, since the coefficients for the transmission of forces depend essentially on the shape of the particles. In a previous work, we have shown that these coefficients can be trained very efficiently in neural networks based on some detailed simulations. Here we deal with the case of non‐Newtonian flow and in particular address the question to what extent global effects, such as the clustering of particles or particle orientation, can be represented by local predictions based on neural networks.
Modeling of Metal Cutting Processes Within the Material Point Method Using the Johnson–Cook Material Law
Authors: Koßler Marvin , Maassen Sascha , Niekamp Rainer , Schröder Jörg
Published: December 2024

The material point method represents an alternative approach to simulations, differing from traditional methods like the finite element method (FEM). This technique involves discretizing bodies using material points while solving equations on a separate computational grid where each time step comprises three steps. Initially, the kinematic quantities of the material points are transferred to the grid nodes. Subsequently, computations are carried out on these nodes, with the results then reassigned to the material points, updating their position, velocity, stress as well as deformation state. After each time step, the previous grid is discarded as it does not rely on persistent information. As a result, a new grid is initialized in each time step, avoiding the risk of mesh distortion in the case of huge deformations, a common drawback arising in FEM analyses. This contribution presents simulations of three‐dimensional metal cutting processes utilizing the Johnson–Cook material law to accommodate for plastic strain rates and heat generated by plastic deformations. Additionally, the grid‐shift technique is employed to reduce oscillations and enhance robustness of the simulations.
Preparation of oil resistant and high‐temperature resistant NBR composites by chitosan/silica/coupling agent modification
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhou Yukun , Huang Yinggang , Li Biao , Ge Yaqi , Xu Zhenchun , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang
Published: December 2024

In this paper, chitosan (CS), which is naturally degradable and low‐cost, was incorporated into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), the effects of chitosan amount on the properties of the NBR composites were investigated, and the optimal amount of chitosan was determined. On this basis, CS, silica and Si69 were modified by ball milling and plasma to prepare NBR composites with higher oil resistance and high temperature resistance. The results showed that the overall properties of NBR composites filled with 2phr CS is better. FTIR and SEM demonstrated the surface polarity of ball milling combined with plasma co‐modified CS/silica was weakened, the dispersion of fillers in the NBR matrix was promoted, the oil resistance and high‐temperature resistance of the composites were enhanced, the cross‐linking density and tear strength were improved by 28.12%, and 51.76% compared with that of the NBR composites without CS. The investigation on the oil and high‐temperature resistance of NBR composites for blowout preventer cores has been carried out, which promotes the development of blowout preventer cores toward high safety, low cost, and sustainability.

Highlights

The effect of chitosan amount on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites was explored.

Chitosan, silica, and coupling agent were modified by ball milling and plasma.

The oil and high‐temperature resistance of NBR composites were improved.

The tear strength was increased by 28% under double destructive environment.
Older Rural Stayers and Movers: Why (Not) to Age in Place in the Countryside?
Authors: Matysiak Ilona
Published: December 2024

This article aims to explore (im)mobility patterns of older adults living in small rural Iowa towns. The research questions addressed were focused on the older adults’ paths to their current place of residence, their plans regarding possible relocation in the future, as well as how these are intertwined, given the life course perspective. The data are drawn from in‐depth interviews conducted with 25 residents aged 65 years and over in four rural Iowa communities. Insights are also gained from 29 interviews with local stakeholders from these towns. The analysis shows that the great majority of older adults plan on staying put due to a mixture of mostly social, functional and biographical aspects of place attachment. However, these are more or less significant depending on older interviewees’ past mobility experiences. Only a few do not exclude relocation in the future. These outcomes provide a new perspective regarding classical models of older adults’ mobility over the life course.