bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: results from the measurement station network
Authors: Dekhtyareva Alena , Hermanson Mark , Nikulina Anna , Hermansen Ove , Svendby Tove , Holmén Kim , Graversen Rune
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Svalbard is a remote and scarcely populated Arctic archipelago, and is considered to be mostly influenced by the long-range transported air pollution. However, there are also local emission sources such as coal and diesel power plants, snowmobiles and ships, but their influence on the background concentrations of trace gases have not been thoroughly assessed. This study is based on tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) data collected in three main Svalbard settlements in spring 2017. In addition to these ground-based observations, radiosonde and O3 sondes soundings, ERA5 reanalysis and BrO satellite data have been applied in order to distinguish the impact of local and synoptic-scale conditions on the NOx and O3 chemistry. The measurement campaign was divided into several sub-periods based on the prevailing large-scale weather regimes.The local wind direction at the stations depended on the large-scale conditions, but was modified due to complex topography. The NOx concentration showed weak correlation for the different stations and depended strongly on the wind direction and atmospheric stability. On the contrary, the O3 concentration was highly correlated among the different measurement sites and was controlled by the long-range atmospheric transport to Svalbard. Lagrangian backward trajectories have been used to examine the origin and path of the air masses during the campaign.
Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East
Authors: David Liji M. , Barth Mary , Höglund-Isaksson Lena , Purohit Pallav , Velders Guus J. M. , Glaser Sam , Ravishankara A. R.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We have investigated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) formation from emissions of
HFO-1234yf (CF3CFH2), its dry and wet deposition, and rainwater concentration over
India, China, and the Middle East with GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem models. We
estimated the TFA deposition and rainwater concentrations between 2020 and
2040 for four previously published HFO-1234yf emission scenarios to bound
the possible levels of TFA. We evaluated the capability of GEOS-Chem to
capture the wet deposition process by comparing calculated sulfate in
rainwater with observations. Our calculated TFA amounts over the USA,
Europe, and China were comparable to those previously reported when
normalized to the same emission. A significant proportion of TFA was found
to be deposited outside the emission regions. The mean and the extremes of
TFA rainwater concentrations calculated for the four emission scenarios from GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem were orders of magnitude below the no observable effect concentration. The ecological and human health impacts now, and the continued use of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East, are estimated to be insignificant based on the current understanding, as summarized by Neale et al. (2021).
Sources of black carbon at residential and traffic environments obtained by two source apportionment methods
Authors: Saarikoski Sanna , Niemi Jarkko V. , Aurela Minna , Pirjola Liisa , Kousa Anu , Rönkkö Topi , Timonen Hilkka
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This study investigated the sources of black carbon (BC) at two
contrasting urban environments in Helsinki, Finland: residential area and
street canyon. The measurement campaign in the residential area was
conducted in winter–spring 2019, whereas in the street canyon the
measurements were carried out in autumn 2015. The sources of BC were
explored by using positive matrix factorization (PMF) for the organic and
refractory black carbon (rBC) mass spectra collected with a soot particle
aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). Based on the PMF analysis, two sites had different local BC sources; the largest fraction of BC originated from
biomass burning at the residential site (38 %) and from the vehicular
emissions in the street canyon (57 %). Also, the mass size distribution
of BC diverged at the sites as BC from traffic was found at the particle
size of ∼100–150 nm whereas BC from biomass combustion was
detected at ∼300 nm. At both sites, a large fraction of BC
was associated with urban background or long-range-transported BC indicated
by the high oxidation state of organics related to those PMF factors. The results from the PMF analysis were compared with the source
apportionment from the Aethalometer model calculated with two pairs of
absorption Ångström values. It was found that several PMF factors
can be attributed to wood combustion and fossil fuel fraction of BC provided by the Aethalometer model. In general, the Aethalometer model showed less variation between the sources within a day than PMF, indicating that it was less responsive to the fast changes in the BC sources at the site, or it could not distinguish between as many sources as PMF due to the similar optical properties of the BC sources. The results of this study increase understanding of the limitations and validity of the BC source apportionment methods in different environments. Moreover, this study advances the current knowledge of BC sources and especially the contribution of residential combustion in urban areas.
Effects of different correction algorithms on absorption coefficient – a comparison of three optical absorption photometers at a boreal forest site
Authors: Luoma Krista , Virkkula Aki , Aalto Pasi , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We present a comparison between three absorption photometers that measured
the absorption coefficient (σabs) of ambient aerosol particles in
2012–2017 at SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations II), a measurement station located in a boreal forest
in southern Finland. The comparison included an Aethalometer (AE31), a multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP), and a particle soot absorption
photometer (PSAP). These optical instruments measured particles collected on
a filter, which is a source of systematic errors, since in addition to the
particles, the filter fibers also interact with light. To overcome this
problem, several algorithms have been suggested to correct the AE31 and PSAP
measurements. The aim of this study was to research how the different
correction algorithms affected the derived optical properties. We applied
the different correction algorithms to the AE31 and PSAP data and compared
the results against the reference measurements conducted by the MAAP. The
comparison between the MAAP and AE31 resulted in a multiple-scattering correction factor (Cref) that is used in AE31 correction algorithms to
compensate for the light scattering by filter fibers. Cref varies
between different environments, and our results are applicable to a boreal
environment. We observed a clear seasonal cycle in Cref, which was
probably due to variations in aerosol optical properties, such as the
backscatter fraction and single-scattering albedo, and also due to
variations in the relative humidity (RH). The results showed that the
filter-based absorption photometers seemed to be rather sensitive to the
RH even if the RH was kept below the recommended value of 40 %. The
instruments correlated well (R≈0.98), but the slopes of the
regression lines varied between the instruments and correction algorithms:
compared to the MAAP, the AE31 underestimated σabs only
slightly (the slopes varied between 0.96–1.00) and the PSAP overestimated
σabs only a little (the slopes varied between 1.01–1.04 for a
recommended filter transmittance >0.7). The instruments and
correction algorithms had a notable influence on the absorption
Ångström exponent: the median absorption Ångström exponent
varied between 0.93–1.54 for the different algorithms and instruments.
Spatial and seasonal patterns of water isotopes in northeastern German lakes
Authors: Aichner Bernhard , Dubbert David , Kiel Christine , Kohnert Katrin , Ogashawara Igor , Jechow Andreas , Harpenslager Sarah-Faye , Hölker Franz , Nejstgaard Jens Christian , Grossart Hans-Peter , Singer Gabriel , Wollrab Sabine , Berger Stella Angela
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were analyzed in samples collected in lakes associated to riverine systems in northeastern Germany throughout 2020. The dataset (Aichner et al., 2021) is derived from water samples collected at a) lake shores (sampled in March and July 2020); b) buoys which were temporarily installed in deep parts of the lake (sampled monthly from March to October 2020); c) multiple spatially distributed spots in four selected lakes (sampled in September 2020); d) the outflow of Müggelsee (sampled biweekly from March 2020 to January 2021). At shores, water was sampled with a pipette from 40–60 cm below water surface and directly transferred into a measurement vial, while at deeper parts of the lake a Limnos water sampler was used to obtain samples from 1 m below surface. Isotope analysis was conducted at IGB Berlin, using a Picarro L2130-i cavity ring-down spectrometer. The data give information about the seasonal isotope amplitude in the sampled lakes and about spatial isotope patterns in different branches of the associated riverine systems.
Tradition of geodetic instruments production in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hánek Pavel , Hánek Sr. Pavel
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The article describes the development of geodetic
surveying and production of geodetic instruments in what is now Czech Republic.
The beginnings of development can be found in the 12th–13th centuries
during the colonization of the territory and the consolidation of state
administration. Significant development peaks occurred in the 14th century
during the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia Charles IV
and then at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries during the reign of the
Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. The new direction is related to the
development of industry at the end of the 19th century. At that time,
several dozen companies in fine mechanics and optics were operating in
Prague. The company J. & J. Frič was a world leader in the use of a
glass divided circle in 1864. The production of astronomical and geodetic
instruments in Czechoslovakia was successful until the end of the 1960s.
HBIM-GIS INTEGRATION WITH AN IFC-TO-SHAPEFILE APPROACH: THE PALAZZO TROTTI VIMERCATE PILOT CASE STUDY
Authors: Gabriele M. , Previtali M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The proprietary software investments in the data integration field are incrementing, and the progresses are visible in the possibility to directly open in a GIS environment a 3D software data format. Still, this is limited to the integration between the proprietary data formats and standards, ArcGIS environment shapefile multipatch and Revit 3D model, by using a proprietary software (ArcGIS). This study takes advantage of the lesson-learnt results in the proprietary data integration field, wanting to replicate a similar result using the IFC open standard, which is not directly openable by a GIS interface and needs to overcome a conversion that in most of the cases leads to semantic and geometric losses. So, an IFC-to-shapefile data conversion was performed, stressing (i) the way information is stored in the attribute table to query the geometries and perform geoprocessing, by (ii) implementing workarounds to keep the Revit instances’ shared parameters in the IFC file, (iii) meanwhile having a high Level of Detail of the HBIM. The research performed the IFC-to-shapefile data conversion through FME (Feature Manipulation Engine), benefitting of the flexibility of the shapefile format and of the IFC’ possibility to keep a high LOD in the export phase. Both allowed to properly query and manage the elements of an HBIM in a GIS (ArcGIS environment), and, using relational attributes table, retrieve the information contained in each Revit instance’ property panel, as the shared parameters that implement the BIM Level of Information (LOI).
VO-SMOG: A VERSATILE, SMOOTH SEGMENT-BASED GROUND FILTER FOR POINT CLOUDS VIA MULTI-SCALE VOXELIZATION
Authors: Che E. , Senogles A. , Olsen M. J.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Point clouds acquired by light detection and ranging (lidar) and photogrammetry technology (e.g., structure from motion/multi-view stereo-SfM/MVS) are widely used for various applications such topographic mapping due to their high resolution and accuracy. To generate a digital elevation model (DEM) or extract other features in the data, the ground points and non-ground points usually need to be separated first. This process, called ground filtering, can be tedious and time consuming as it requires substantial manual effort for high quality results. Although many have developed automated ground filtering algorithms, very few have the versatility to process data acquired from different scenes and systems. In this paper, we propose a versatile ground filter based on multi-scale voxelization and smooth segments, named Vo-SmoG. The proposed method introduces a novel voxelization approach, followed by isolated voxel filtering, lowest point filtering, local smooth filtering, and ground clustering. The result of the Vo-SmoG ground filtering is a classified point cloud. The effectiveness and efficiency of our method are demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative evaluation consists of both point-wise and grid-wise comparisons. The recall, precision, and F1-score are over 97% in terms of classification while the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the DEM is within 0.1 m, which is on par with the reported vertical accuracy of the tested data. We further demonstrate the versatility of the Vo-SmoG via large-scale, real-world datasets collected from different environments with mobile laser scanning, airborne laser scanning, terrestrial laser scanning, uncrewed aircraft system (UAS)-SfM, and UAS-lidar.
ASSESSING LIDAR TRAINING DATA QUANTITIES FOR CLASSIFICATION MODELS
Authors: Majgaonkar O. , Panchal K. , Laefer D. , Stanley M. , Zaki Y.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Classifying objects within aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data is an essential task to which machine learning (ML) is applied increasingly. ML has been shown to be more effective on LiDAR than imagery for classification, but most efforts have focused on imagery because of the challenges presented by LiDAR data. LiDAR datasets are of higher dimensionality, discontinuous, heterogenous, spatially incomplete, and often scarce. As such, there has been little examination into the fundamental properties of the training data required for acceptable performance of classification models tailored for LiDAR data. The quantity of training data is one such crucial property, because training on different sizes of data provides insight into a model’s performance with differing data sets. This paper assesses the impact of training data size on the accuracy of PointNet, a widely used ML approach for point cloud classification. Subsets of ModelNet ranging from 40 to 9,843 objects were validated on a test set of 400 objects. Accuracy improved logarithmically; decelerating from 45 objects onwards, it slowed significantly at a training size of 2,000 objects, corresponding to 20,000,000 points. This work contributes to the theoretical foundation for development of LiDAR-focused models by establishing a learning curve, suggesting the minimum quantity of manually labelled data necessary for satisfactory classification performance and providing a path for further analysis of the effects of modifying training data characteristics.
EVALUATION OF 3D BUILDING MODEL USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND DRONE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Bouziani M. , Chaaba H. , Ettarid M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The objective of our study is the evaluation of the 3D modeling of buildings and the extraction of structural elements from point clouds obtained using two acquisition techniques (drone and terrestrial laser scanner), as well as the evaluation of the usefulness of their integration. The drone shooting mission was carried using the DJI Phantom 3 Professional and the Sony EXMOR 1/2.3" CMOS RGB camera. For the TLS scanning mission, 9 scanning stations were performed using the FARO Focus S350 laser scanner.To allow the fusion of the two point clouds obtained from drone imagery and TLS, an alignment step is applied. This step was performed using the Iterative Closest Point algorithm. Segmentation was performed using the adapted RANSAC algorithm on point clouds obtained from the drone mission and the TLS mission as well as on the merged point cloud in order to extract structural elements of the building such as windows, doors and stairs. Analysis of the results emphasizes the importance of TLS and drone in 3D modeling. TLS gave better results than the drone in extracting structural elements. This work confirms the importance of complementarity between these two technologies to produce detailed, complete and precise 3D models.
INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF BOROCHROMIC LAYERS OBTAINED BY DIFFUSION SATURATION FROM COATINGS
Authors: Volkov A. S. , Mokri E. S. , Alkhimova E. S. , Polyansky I. P , Sizov I. G
Published: October 2021

В работе приведены результаты исследований структуры и свойств борохромированных слоев на стали 20, полученных диффузионным насыщением из обмазок. Проведен металлографический анализ и определена микротвердость на стали 20 борохромированных слоев, полученных из разных составов.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНЕРЦИОННОГО РОТОРА НИЖНЕЙ РАЗГРУЗКИ НА МАШИНАХ, РАБОТАЮЩИХ В СТЕСНЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Жусупов Кенес , Нурсобетов Алишер , Куанышбаева Асела , Енсегенов Нуралы
Published: October 2021

В работе проведен краткий обзор по рабочим органам погрузчиков, выбран новый принцип забора сыпучего материала и разработана машина малой механизации для погрузочно-разгрузочных и транспортно-складских работ. Показаны преимущества нового инерционного ротора от рабочих органов традиционного исполнения. Рассмотрены особенности применения инерционных роторов и указаны пути освоения экскавационно-транспортных машин непрерывного действия для погрузочно-транспортных работ
EBOLA VIRUS
Authors: AZIZ AHMAD
Published: October 2021

While the dengue fever epidemic is still inthe news and print media, Ebola virus disease isnow making the news all around the world.
FREQUENCY OF PROLONGED ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTINE TIME (APTT) IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS.
Authors: MUKAMIL SHAH  , ABDUL AHAD  , IMRAN UD DIN KHATTAK
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis is very common disease in medical practice. Chronic Liver diseaseis marked by the gradual destruction of liver tissues over time. Severe liver disease falls under thiscategory including cirrhosis of liver and fibrosis. Chronic damage to the liver slowly replaces normalfunctioning liver tissue, progressively diminish blood flow though the liver. As the normal liver tissue islost, nutrients, horrmones, drugs and poisons are not processed effectively by the liver. In additionprotein production including coagulation factors and other substances produced by the liver areinhibited. This study was designed to find the relative frequency of having prolonged APTT in chronicliver disease.STUDY DESIGN AND PLACE: This cross-sectional study of chronic liver disease was conducted inthe departments of Medicine and Pathology of Saidu Teaching Hospital / Saidu Medical College, Swat,Pakistan from Feb 15th 2012 to Dec 15th 2012.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy eight (78) patients of chronic liver disease (38 Males & 40Females) were studied. Those on anticoagulants therapy were excluded from the study.Ethyelenediamine tetra acetic acid and citrated blood samples were taken for tests to be performed.Blood counts were performed on coulter counter haematology analyzer. APTT, Prothrombine time (PT),Bleeding time (BT) and thrombin time (TT) were performed manually.RESULTS: Out of 78 patients of chronic liver disease, prolonged APTT was found in 64(82.05%)patients (28 males and 36 females). 14(17.95%) patients (10 males and 4 females) were found to havenormal APTT.CONCLUSION: Prolong APTT is significant finding in cirrhosis liver. It should be included in theinvestigations for bleeding tendencies of cirrhotic patients.KEY WORDS: Activated partial thromboplastin time, chronic liver disease, cirrhosis liver.
OPTIMAL SINGLE INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER (IOL) CALCULATION FOR ADULT POPULATION
Authors: ASIF IQBAL  , FAKHAR UL ISLAM  , BILAL BASHIR  , MOHAMMAD IDRIS  , OMER KHAN ORAKZAI
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: To determine the single optimal intraocular lens power based on average biometricassessment for adult cataract surgery in free eye camps.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study of 4 years duration from 1stFebruary 2010 to 31st January 2014.SETTING: Community based Trust eye hospital in Tarakai village of District Swabi.METHODS: All adult patients, undergoing cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantationwere included in the study after informed consent and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Allpatients were operated by manual small incision cataract surgery by the same surgeon (AI). Preoperative and Post- operative best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at two months follow upwas noted. Keratometric readings (K1 & K2), axial length and IOL power were calculated and dataanalyzed by using SPSS version 20 software database.RESULTS: Out of 1500 patients with cataract 668 (44.5%) were males and 832 (55.5%) were females.Right eye was involved in 826 (55.1%) patients whereas; left eye was involved in 674 (44.9%) patients.Mean K1 reading was 44.82± 1.80 D. Mean K2 reading was 44.94± 1.80 D. Mean axial length readingwas 23.11± 1.28 mm. 36.6 ifc(n=403) patients had axial length between 23-23.99 mm. Mean IOL powerin dioptres for males was 20.06± 2.53 D with minimum power of 2.00 D, maximum was 27 D and modewas 20.00 D. Mean IOL power in dioptres for females was 20.12 ± 3.43 D with minimum power of -2.00 D, maximum was 36.50 D and mode was 20.00 D. Mean IOL power was 20.10 ± 3.06 D. In 798patients (53.2 %) IOL used was in the range of 20.00 D to 22.00 D. Pre-operative best spectaclecorrected visual acuity was <6/60 in 58.4% (n=877) patients. Post operative best corrected visual acuity6/18 or better was present in 90.5% (n= 1357) patients at two months follow up.CONCLUSION: In community eye care centers located in far-flung areas with no facilities for properbiometric assessment of cataract patients, using an IOL power in the range of 20.00 D to 22.00 D wouldgive optimal visual results.KEY WORDS: Biometry, Keratometric readings, Axial Length, Intraocular lens.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SHORT INTER PREGNANCY INTERVAL AND PRE-TERM BIRTH
Authors: FARHAT NASIR  , NAZIA LIAQAT  , RAHAT NASIR  , SADIA IZZAT  , REHANA RAHIM  , TANVEER SHAHID
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: To determine association between short inter pregnancy interval and pre term birth.METHODOLOGY: A total of 178 patients were included in this case control study. Patients wereequally divided into two groups i.e cases and controls (89 patients each group).Cases were defined aspatients with alive preterm births, (gestation between 29 and 37 weeks) regardless of mode of delivery.Controls were patients with a live birth at term or more i.e at a gestation of or more than 37 weeks.Detailed history was taken from all these patients and antenatal records were thoroughly reviewed toextract the required information. The presence of short inter pregnancy interval was searched for in therecords of all patients.RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 33 years with SD±2.16.Among cases short inter pregnancyinterval was present in 65 (73%) of patients while among controls only 25(28%) of the patients hadshort inter pregnancy interval.CONCLUSION: There is an elevated risk of pre term birth and associated perinatal morbidity andmortality with short inter pregnancy interval.KEY WORDS: Short inter pregnancy interval, Preterm birth.
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN 500 TEACHERS OF UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
Authors: HAYAT MUHAMMAD KHAN  , NAEEMULLAH  , SARDAR RAHEEL ALAM  , ROMANA AYUB
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of Hypertension in University teachers of University ofPeshawar who are having sedentary life style and stressful work routine.METHODOLOGY: It was a cross sectional studyconducted in University of Peshawar on teachingfaculty. 500 teachers of University of Peshawar were interviewed and checked for hypertension. Simplerandom sampling technique was used in selection of sample. Duration of the study was six monthsRESULTS: prevalence of hypertension both in male and female teachers was 25.6 %. It was prevalentin obese and smokers. Among hypertensives,46.8 % did not know that they are hypertensive.CONCLUSION: Unlike prevalence of hypertension in general population, it is more prevalent inteaching faculty of University of Peshawar.KEY WORDS: Hypertension, BMI, Compliance.
THYROXINE PRESERVES THE ARCHITECTURE OF PANCREATIC ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: MARIYAH HIDAYAT  , INAYATULLAH  , YASMEEN MAHAR  , MOHAMMAD KHAN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: In experimental animal models, Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes, causesdisruption of the normal architecture of the islets of Langerhans and exogenous administration ofthyroxine in diabetic rats preserves the anatomy of endocrine pancreas.OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to observe the effect of thyroxine on the pancreas of albinorats during STZ induced diabetes.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a Prospective experimental study was conducted in Anatomydepartment at BMSI, JPMC, Karachi from 01 November to 15 December 2013. In this study sixtyhealthy adult albino rats were included in the study and divided equally into 3 groups for 6 weeks.Group-A was taken as control. Group-B received STZ (I/P) in a dose of 37 mg/kg body weight. GroupC received STZ in the same dose and additionally received thyroxine (1 mg/kg (s.c.) thrice a week for 6weeks.RESULTS: STZ significantly increased serum glucose level and decreased weight in group B animals,whereas in group C, thyroxine significantly restored serum glucose level but could not restore the bodyweights reduced by streptozotocin. Moreover, thyroxine significantly preserved the morphology ofpancreatic islets in group C animals.CONCLUSION: Thyroxine restores the structure of pancreatic islets distorted by STZ and reduceshyperglycemia, but cannot restore the body weight.KEYWORDS: Streptozotocin, Thyroxine, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycaemia, islets of Langerhans, Albino rats.
ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS: AN EXPERIENCE AT GOVERMNENT LADY READING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR
Authors: MOHAMMAD IQBAL
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: To correlate the preoperative ultrasonic findings with the post operative finding ofinfantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study is to correlate the preoperative ultrasonic findings with thepost operative finding of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at Lady ReadingHospital Peshawar from 1st Jan 2014 to 30th October 2014. A total of 58 infants age from 15 days to 8months presented with chief complaints of bilious vomiting were included in the study. Ultrasound wasperformed after clinical diagnosis and both the findings were correlated with post operative findings.Independent variables were the age, sex, length and diameter of pylorus muscle while dependentvariables were the duration of disease, ultrasound and clinical findings. Data was recorded on structuredproforma and was analyzed on SPSS version (20)RESULTS: Out of 68 patients 75% (51) were male and 25% (17) were female. Gastric peristalsis wasvisible in 100% patients, while mass was palpable in 23% (15) patients. Pyloric canal length was abovethe standard length in 93% cases while pyloric diameter and pyloric muscle thickness was more thanstandard in 82% and 78% of the cases. The sensitivity of the ultrasound was 98% while comparing withgold standard of postoperative findings.CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound is the investigation of choice due to its non invasive nature. Pyloric canallength and diameter is more sensitive than the pyloric muscle thickness for ultrasound diagnosis of theinfantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.KEYWORDS: Ultrasound, infant, pyloric stenosis, olive, clinical diagnosis
EVALUATION OF HEPATITIS-B TESTS DOCUMENTATION AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN.
Authors: SAID UL ABRAR  , SHAHID KHAN  , ABIR HUSSAIN  , NAEEMULLAH  , WASIM IQBAL  , KALSOOM ZAREEN  , ZUHRA KHATTAK  , MEHREEN BASHIR  , HIRA AZIZ  , UROOJ REHMAN  , RABIA AFSHAN  , AYESHA TAHIR  , HINA GUL
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a global problem and one of its types, Hepatitis B has remarkablemorbidity and mortality. WHO classifies countries as low, intermediate and high endemicity regions onthe basis of Hepatitis B carrier rate.OBJECTIVE: To find out any gaps in the recording of data on Hepatitis-B testsMATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from previous record of five years (2010-14) was collectedthrough structured proformas from the laboratory of a teaching hospital in the central districts of KhyberPakhtunkhwa and analyzed through MS Excell 2007.Descriptive measures were calculated. Name of thehospital is not disclosed for ethical reasons.RESULTS: Mean of tests performed was 3081 per month. A total of 1757 (0.95%) tests were positivefor Hepatitis B in five years data. Lowest number of tests was noted for 2010 and highest for 2014.CONCLUSION: Information on Hepatitis B suspected and confirmed cases is insufficient.KEY WORDS: Hepatitis B, Documentation, Teaching Hospital, Immunochromatography
OUTCOME OF OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION OF DISPLACED MEDIAL EPICONDYLE HUMERUS FRACTURES IN CHILDREN
Authors: WAQAR ALAM  , DILAWAR KHAN  , MUHAMMAD IDREES  , FAIZ ALI SHAH  , SHAMS UR REHMAN  , SAEED AHMAD
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Medical epicondyle fracture is one of the commonest elbow fracture in children.Various treatment options exist inadequate treatment leads to elbow deformity. Our study will highlightone treatment option with open reduction and fixation with k-wires or one screw and one k-wire.OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional outcome of open reduction and internal fixation ofdisplaced medial epicondyle humerus fractures in children.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted simultaneouslyat five orthopaedic units: Orthopaedic Unit District Headquarter Hospital Timergara Lower Dir,Orthopaedic Unit, Saidu Teaching Hospital Swat, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Khalifa GulNawaz Teaching Hospital Bannu, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit “ A” Lady Reading HospitalPeshawar and Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Pak International Medical College Peshawarfrom January 2012 to September 2014. Twenty one children meeting the inclusion criteria were operatedunder general anaesthesia and tourniquet control and fracture was stabilized with either two kirschnerwires or a screw and single kirschner wire. All patients were discharged on first or second postoperativeday and advised active movements of fingers. Patients were called for follow up visit after two, six andtwelve weeks and elbow functions and deformity was evaluated in each visit using modified criteria ofHardacre et al (25).RESULTS: Twenty one patients including 14 males and 7 females with mean age 12.3 years (range 6 to15 years) had displaced fracture of medial epicondyle and were operated. Two of our patients were lostin follow up and they were excluded from the final results. After evaluating our results according tomodified Hardacre et al criteria, five patients (26.32%) had excellent results, eleven (57.89%) patientshad good results and three (15.78%) patients had poor results.CONCLUSION: Early surgical stabilization of displace medial epicondyle humerus fractures inchildren results in excellent and good functional outcome in majority of patients.KEY WORDS: Medial epicondyle humerus, Open reduction and internal fixation, Kirschner wire.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS FROM THREE MEDICINAL PLANTS “ AMMI VISNAGA, MYRISTICA FRAGRANS AND OLEA EUROPEA” ON STIMULATED GASTRIC SECRETION IN FASTING RABBITS.
Authors: SUBHANULLAH JAN  , SHAKIRULLAH JAN  , MUHAMMAD JAN  , WAJID ALI  , MASUD UR REHMAN
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcer is mostly produced due to the over production of gastric acid. Thisstudy was undertaken to find out the effects of extract from the fruits of medicinal plants Ammi visnaga,seeds of Myristica fragrans and leaves of Olea europea (all of which contain documented naturalCalcium channel blockers) on volume and acidity of Carbachol induced gastric section. Their effectswere also compared to find out any difference in their efficacy.OBJECTIVE: To find out the comparative effectiveness of three medicinal plants extracts for thetreatment of peptic ulcer and disease associated with hyper gastric acidity conditions.MATERIAL & METHODS: Forty rabbits of local breed, weighing 1-1.5kg were used. The animalswere kept on fasting for 48 hours, divided into group A, B, C & D. pylorus of each animal was ligatedafter a midline incision. Each extracts 500 mg/kg body weight and Carbachol 600pg/kg body weightwere administered in traperitoneally.RESULTS: It was found that all the extracts reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastricsecretion, which were statistically highly significant when compared with Carbachol (PcO.OOl). Byobserving the mean values of all the extracts, it was clear that Ammi visnaga was more effective thanMyristica fragrans which was in turn more effective than Olea europea on all parameters included instudy.CONCLUSION: The three extracts therefore, can be used effectively in the treatment of peptic ulcerand all other diseases associated with hyper gastric acidity.KEY WORDS: Extracts & gastric secretion
SEM study of crystal morphology in the Zn4(OH)6SO4·nH2O system (n = 1, 3, 4, 5)
Authors: Dencheva Stefka , Stanimirova Tsveta , Kirov Georgi
Published: October 2021

For the first time, a change in the morphology of crystals associated with reversible dehydration processes was revealed and discussed. It was found that in the column of the scanning electron microscope the dehydration proceeds at a high rate and reaches the maximum possible degree that can be achieved at room temperature. The microscopic images show the shapes of the transformed monohydrate phase.
Achievements and Problems of Modernization of Higher Education in Ukraine
Authors: Pogrebnyak Vitaly , Dashkovskaya Elena
Published: October 2021

The article considers the state of implementation of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education», focused on the modernization of domestic education, assesses the European integration orientation of the implemented measures and tools used. The presented material is based on the results of applied research «Study of modernization of the structure and content of higher education in the context of the implementation of the Law of Ukraine On Higher Education», which is performed at SSI «Institute of Education Content Modernization» during 2016-2021. In the course of the work all components of the higher education system were comprehensively studied: quantitative and qualitative indicators of the network of educational institutions and contingents of participants in the educational process, the structure of higher education and modernization of the methodology of education content (introduction of modern level and degrees; list of specialties, introduction of new standards and education programs). The level of updating the National Qualifications Framework and bringing it in line with the Qualifications Framework of the European Higher Education Area has been assessed.

The process of solving a key educational problem - the creation of a transparent and effective system of quality assurance in higher education, including the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education is studied. It is established that the NAQA, as a new governing body in the field of higher education, plays a significant role in creating a quality system, ensuring its effectiveness, promotes the development of the market of quality educational services, the introduction of a mechanism of healthy competition in higher education.
Interactive methods of teaching languages of national minorities in Ukraine, their analysis
Authors: Tarangul Lyubov , Romaniuk Svitlana
Published: October 2021

The article presents the essence, meaning and types of interactive teaching methods, as well as highlights the problems of teaching the languages of national minorities in Ukraine. All nations have the right to self-determination. By virtue of this right, they are free to establish their political status and freely ensure their economic, social and cultural development. In addition, in order to achieve their goals, all people are free to dispose their natural resources and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising from international economic cooperation applied on the principle of mutual benefit and international law. No nation can in any case be deprived of its means of subsistence.

This article is devoted to the problem of using interactive methods in teaching languages of national minorities in Ukraine. The advantages of using such methods and the peculiarities of their introduction into the educational process are substantiated. Definitions of the general concept are given and features of a choice of certain interactive methods are described. Particular attention is paid to the classification of interactive teaching methods.

For Ukraine, as for any polyethnic state, the issue of national minorities is permanently relevant and requires constant study and analysis. The formation of Ukraine as an independent state put on the agenda both theoretical and practical tasks - to develop its own concept of national policy. The peculiarity of the situation was the need to simultaneously find optimal ways to develop the titular nation and national minorities.
Evaluasi Workshop Perancangan Video Pembelajaran Interaktif sebagai Penunjang Kompetensi Tenaga Pendidik
Authors: Luthfiana Tarida
Published: October 2021

Kompetesi tenaga pendidik dalam merancang media pembelajaran sangat diperlukan terutama dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan paradigma pendidikan era pandemi Covid-19. Perubahan ini mengarah kepada pembelajaran online untuk menekan angka penyebaran Covid-19. Video merupakan media interaktif yang digunakan pada saat pembelajaran online. Namun, tidak semua tenaga pendidik dibekali kompetensi dalam merancang video pembelajaran interaktif. Workshop perlu dilakukan untuk menunjang kompetensi tenaga pendidik. Evaluasi workshop juga perlu dilakukan agar dapat menganalisis kekurangan dan kelebihan selama pelaksanaan, sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar perbaikan untuk workshop selanjutnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis evaluasi workshop tersebut. Evaluasi yang dilakukan merupakan evaluasi proses selama pelaksanaan kegiatan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu statistik deskriptif. Instrumen pengumpul data yang digunakan yaitu kuisioner dengan skala likert. Data dianalisis dengan menghitung rerata skor setiap butir pernyataan kemudian disimpulkan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menginformasikan bahwa kegiatan workshop dilaksanakan dalam 3 tahapan yaitu pemilihan materi yang mendukung kegiatan interaktif, pengambilan video sesuai dengan materi, serta pengeditan video dan materi menggunakan aplikasi kinemaster. Kesimpulan evaluasi dari workshop yaitu, kegiatan sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik, namun ada beberapa kekurangan seperti alokasi waktu yang terlalu sedikit. Kekurangan tersebut dapat dijadikan bahan perbaikan untuk kegiatan workshop selanjutnya sehingga kompetensi guru dapat dimaksimalkan.Misalnya, merancang susunan acara dengan alokasi waktu yanng tepat dan atau menambah jumlah fasilitator berdasarkan jumlah peserta kegiatan
A Tale of Three Women: Framing as a Patriarchal Practice in the News Coverage of Women in Distress
Authors: Liwag-Lomibao Ma. Aurora
Published: October 2021

Women in situations of distress receive a disproportionate amount of news coverage. As survivors (or perpetrators) of crime, violence, or natural disasters, they are naturally “newsworthy”—a newsroom term for the subjective lens with which truthtellers define and select their news frames. These frames, which govern the identification and coverage of what is “newsworthy,” box women into specific, patriarchal roles. Women who do not fall within the traditional feminine archetypes are labeled as dissidents or insurgents, and are excluded, dismissed, rejected, or worse persecuted, until the news recasts them into more familiar molds. This is exemplified in the Philippine Daily Inquirer’s news coverage of Mary Jane Veloso, a Filipina convicted of drug trafficking in Indonesia and sentenced to death in 2010. An examination of the Inquirer’s coverage of the Veloso case unearthed the gender biases that are inherent in the subjective rules that govern the patterns of selection and depiction in mainstream newsrooms.
Historiography of Cinephiles in Thailand
Authors: Boonsri Sasawat , Promkhuntong Wikanda
Published: October 2021

Amongst film audiences in Thailand, there is a group that follows the new releases enthusiastically. They watch many films in the course of a week and do not only focus on films in the cinema but also search for places to watch alternative movies. Forming in the 1970s, these people are now known as “Thai Cinephiles”. They started off as regular audiences at screening events before becoming film critics, programmers and curators. This practice significantly expands the awareness of alternative cinema in Bangkok and other parts of Thailand. This paper traces the activities of Thai cinephiles from the late of 1970s when they first met each other at cultural institutions that screened alternative cinema, to the 1990s when conversations evolved around video shops and film festivals at shopping malls. The age of digital also saw Thai cinephiles took into writing, promoting and creating diverse content across various platforms from blogs, message boards to Facebook. Their practice/activism across different generations shared through interviews reveals the principle of sharing the good stuff they found and building new generation of directors and audiences. This historiography provides an alternative history on Thai film culture that bridges existing writings on the Thai new waves and limited research in the Thai language on audience motivations and cinema going.
Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense infection secondary to traumatic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery
Authors: Emerson Christopher P. , Brecount Hogan , Quintero Daniel , Greif Dylan N. , Jose Jean , Kaplan Lee
Published: October 2021

Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infections following knee surgery are rarely reported in the literature. One month after arthroscopic lysis of adhesions from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, a 67-year-old male patient presented with symptoms suggesting septic arthritis. Empiric antibiotics were initiated. Intraoperative cultures were positive for Mycobacterium abscessus. Organism-specific antimicrobial therapy with azithromycin, amikacin, and imipenem were started. Four months later the patient was switched to oral outpatient treatment with azithromycin, clofazimine and bedaquiline. Mycobacterium infections following ACL reconstruction are exceedingly rare in the United States. Successful management of Mycobacterium abscessus infection is exceptionally challenging for both orthopedists and infection disease specialists.
PERAN GANDA PEREMPUAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI KELUARGA STUDI KASUS (KELOMPOK WANITA TANI BINA SEJAHTERA) PEKON SUKOYOSO, KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU TAHUN 2019
Authors: Sari Santi Ellisa , Juliono Juliono
Published: October 2021

Ekuitas merek merupakan seperangkat aset dan kepercayaan merek yang terkait dengan merek tertentu, nama atau simbol yang mampu menambah atau mengurangi nilai yang diberikan oleh sebuah produk atau jasa baik bagi pemasar atau perusahaan maupun pelanggan. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah banyaknya mahasiswi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis yang melakukan pembelian lipstik wardah yang diduga karena pengaruh selebriti endorser dan ekuitas merek. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Apakah ada Pengaruh Selebriti Endorser Terhadap Ekuitas Merek Pada Produk Lipstik Wardah Di Kalangan Mahasiswi Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung Tahun 2019. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Selebriti Endorser Terhadap Ekuitas Merek Pada Produk Lipstik Wardah Di Kalangan Mahasiswi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu  Lampung  Tahun 2019.Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif survei. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Tahun 2019 yang berjumlah 190 mahasiswi dengan mengambil sampel 123 mahasiswi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear sederhana dengan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji-t Berdasarkan analisis data didapat hasil bahwa ada pengaruh selebriti endorser terhadap ekuitas merek pada produk lipstik wardah di kalangan mahasiswi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung Tahun 2019, dibuktikan nilaithitungselebriti endorser 7,696 ttabel 1,979. Nilai Adjusted R Squarese sebesar 32,9 % sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa loyalitas konsumen mampu dijelaskan sebesar 32,9% oleh variabel selebriti endorser terhadap ekuitas merek dan sisanya 67,1% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN REWARD DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN ETOS KERJA KEPALA DESA DI LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Arohman Arohman , Fatoni Fatoni
Published: October 2021

Pemberian reward  sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan  kinerja seseorang. Selain itu pemberian reward juga dapat menumbuhkan motivasi dan prestasi kenerja. Tujuan dari pemberian reward adalah untuk menumbuhkan dan meningkatkatkan hasil kinerja yang lebih berkualitas dan perilaku positif dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan yang dipercayakan oleh atasan. Bentuk reward dapat berupa finansial maupun non finansial. Jika  reward  merupakan reinforcement  yang positif, maka  didalam pemberian reward harus benar-benar di implementasikan oleh setiap intansi baik pemerintah atau swasta. Pada dasarnya reward sangat dibutuhkan dalam memotivasi seseorang termasuk dalam memotivasi para Kepala desa atau pekon di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya. Pemberian reward merupakan upaya manajemen  sumber daya manusia dari pimpinan terhadap kinerja dan produktivitas yang telah ditunjukkan oleh bawahannyaKata kunci: reward dan etos kerja.