bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DFT studies of CO reaction behavior on α-Fe2O3(001) oxygen-vacancy surface in chemical looping reforming
Authors: Zhang Hui-Xin , Huang Zheng-Qing , Ban Tao , Su Xue , Yang Bolun , Chang Chun-Ran
Published: November 2023

Chemical looping reforming of methane to syngas (CO and H2) is one of the most promising routes for methane utilization, where the further reaction of CO on oxygen carrier surfaces is a primary determinant of CO selectivity. In this work, the effects of oxygen vacancy (Vo) on CO desorption, CO oxidation, and CO dissociation are systematically studied by using density functional theory calculattions. Our calculated results reveal that increasing Vo concentration can weaken CO desorption at Fe sites due to the enhanced localization of electrons in the Fe atoms. Also, the increase in Vo concentration from 1/12 ML to 1/6 ML leads to a dramatic increase of activation energy in the CO oxidation from 0.64 eV to 1.10 eV. Moreover, the increase in Vo concentration is conducive to CO dissociation, but the dissociation is still almost impossible due to the high reaction energies (large than 3.00 eV). Considering these three reaction paths, CO desorption can proceed spontaneously at reaction temperatures above 900 K. Increasing Vo concentration can improve the selectivity of syngas production due to the less favorable CO oxidation compared with CO desorption at high Vo concentrations (1/6 ML). This work reveals the microscopic mechanism that CO selectivity rises in the CLRM as the degree of Fe2O3 reduction increases.
Light- and thermal-driven gold-catalyzed reaction of o-alkynylphenols with aryldiazonium salts: Computational insights into mechanistic similarities and differences
Authors: Jin Rui , Guo Xin-Yi , Peng Ling-Ya , Liu Xiang-Yang , Fang Wei-Hai , Cui Ganglong
Published: November 2023

It was experimentally found that the gold-catalyzed reaction between o-alkynylphenols and aryldiazonium salts can lead to different products under thermo- and photocatalytic conditions; however, the mechanism is elusive. Herein we have employed both MS-CASPT2 and DFT approaches to study the catalytic mechanisms of the corresponding light- and thermal-driven reactions. The results show that both the thermo- and photo-catalytic reactions share some same elementary steps from the Au(I) catalyst and o-alkynylphenol, both of which generate a vinyl Au(I) intermediate with the aid of HCO3−. In these steps, the formation of a structurally distorted complex of the Au(I) catalyst and o-alkynylphenol has a free energy barrier of 14.8 kcal/mol in that the C≡C triple bond of o-alkynylphenol is seriously activated. Importantly, the thermo- and photo- catalytic reactions start to diverge from the complex formed between the generated vinyl Au(I) intermediate and the aryldiazonium salt. Under the dark condition, the reaction proceeds to generate the final thermal product after overcoming a free energy barrier of 15.7 kcal/mol, in which the terminal N atom of the aryldiazonium salt is bonded directly to the C atom of the Au(I) species. In the photoirradiation condition, the complex is first excited to its electronically excited singlet state, which then decays to the T1 state with an efficient intersystem crossing process of 9.8x109 s−1. In the T1 state, the denitrogen process completes easily after overcoming a free energy barrier of 7.8 kcal/mol resulting into an aryl radical interacting with the Au atom of the vinyl Au(I) species, which is followed by another intersystem crossing process from T1 to S0. In the S0 state, the final photocatalytic product is formed. The present work provides important mechanistic details on understanding both thermo- and photo-catalytic reactions of Au(I) catalysts and aryldiazonium salts, and most importantly, it is found that nonradiative transitions play an essential role in regulating photocatalytic reactions.
∧-type doublets and lifetime broadening in the B2Π–X2Π electronic origin band of C6H
Authors: Xiao Zengjun , Gu Jieqiong , Li Zhenzhen , Chu Wangyou , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yang , Zhao Dongfeng
Published: November 2023

We present a high-resolution study on the B2Π-X2Π electronic origin band spectrum of the C6H radical with its center at ~18990 cm-1 The C6H radicals are produced in a pulsed supersonic slit-jet discharge source and detected in direct absorption by sensitive cavity ring-down spectroscopy. By using a home-made narrow linewidth nanosecond pulsed laser source, the experimental spectrum allows to resolve the ∧-type doublet fine structures in high-J rotational lines. A set of improved B2Π state constants, including the ∧-type doubling parameters of p′ = −1.16(9)x10−3 cm−1q′ = -1.22(7)x10−4 cm−1 are determined from analysis of the experimental spectrum. An analysis on the spectral line profile has resulted in a significant linewidth broadening of ~0.05±0.01 cm−1, corresponding to a B2Π state lifetime of ~100±20 ps. The short lifetime of the excited B2Π state is proposed due to fast internal vibronic couplings to high-lying vibronic levels of lower electronic states.
Theoretical investigations of electrochemical nitrogen reduction on single transition metal atom catalysts supported by 1T-MoSe2
Authors: Sun A-Qiang , Qin Mingxin , Zhu ShaoTong , Zhou Ying , Bai Zhiqiang , Zhang Wenhua
Published: November 2023

The search for stable and efficient single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) has garnered significant theoretical interest. In this study, we evaluate the eNRR performance of eighteen two-dimensional 1T-MoSe2-supported transition metal single-atom catalysts (TM@1T-MoSe2, TM=V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt) using density functional theory calculations. We assess the stability of each TM@1T-MoSe2, as well as the limiting potential of eNRR and the ammonia selectivity on each stable TM@1T-MoSe2. Our results show that W@1T-MoSe2 is the most promising single-atom catalyst for eNRR, with a limiting potential of -0.23 V via the distal pathway starting from three co-adsorbed nitrogen molecules. Furthermore, the multi-adsorption of N2 on W@1T-MoSe2 effectively suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction, thus enhancing the selectivity of the eNRR. This research provides a promising avenue for the development of a new class of 1T-MoSe2-based single-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.
Enhanced TC in SrRuO3/DyScO3(110) thin films with high residual resistivity ratio
Authors: Schreiber Nathaniel J. , Miao Ludi , Nair Hari P. , Ruf Jacob P. , Bhatt Lopa , Birkholzer Yorick A. , Kotsonis George N. , Kourkoutis Lena F. , Shen Kyle M. , Schlom Darrell G.
Published: November 2023

Epitaxial untwinned SrRuO3 thin films were grown on (110)-oriented DyScO3 substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. We report an exceptional sample with a residual resistivity ratio (RRR), ρ [300 K]/ρ [4 K] of 205 and a ferromagnetic Curie temperature, TC, of 168.3 K. We compare the properties of this sample to other SrRuO3 films grown on DyScO3(110) with RRRs ranging from 8.8 to 205, and also compare it to the best reported bulk single crystal of SrRuO3. We determine that SrRuO3 thin films grown on DyScO3(110) have an enhanced TC as long as the RRR of the thin film is above a minimum electrical quality threshold. This RRR threshold is about 20 for SrRuO3. Films with lower RRR exhibit TCs that are significantly depressed from the intrinsic strain-enhanced value.
Observation of pedestal quasi-coherent mode in Type-I ELMy H-mode of HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Wen J. , Shi Z. B. , Zhong W. L. , Zou X. L. , Jiang M. , Chen W. , Xu J. Q. , Yang Z. C. , Liang A. S. , Ke R. , Wu N. , He X. X. , Shi P. W. , Xiao G. L. , Tong R. H. , Yu X. , Zhu Y. R. , Zhang Y. P. , Gao J. M. , Han M. K. , Dong J. Q. , Shen Y. , Ji X. Q.
Published: November 2023

High confinement mode plasma experiments with Type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) have been carried out on HL-2A tokamak. With neutral beam injection and lower hybrid current drive heating, a quasi-coherent mode (QCM) located at pedestal region has been observed, which exists during the ELM-free stage till the first ELM burst. Analysis based on density and magnetic fluctuations has revealed that the QCM propagating radially outward is electrostatic in nature whose radial wavenumber is kr∼0.5 cm−1 as well as the poloidal wavenumber around kθ∼1.4 cm−1, rotating in electron diamagnetic drift direction. The central frequency of the mode gradually decreases from 50 to 20 kHz, which varies almost linearly with toroidal rotation. Experimental findings indicate that the QCM is excited above a critical electron density gradient in the ELM-free phase during which the latter gradually increases due to the confinement transition. The disappearance of QCM is closely associated with the onset of ELMy H-mode, suggesting that the presence of QCM could potentially delay the occurrence of ELM bursts, consequently supporting the maintenance of an ELM-free operational regime. Moreover, the pedestal region locates more radially outside where the density gradient shows a more spanned region with QCM. A quantitative comparison between experimental measurements and linear GENE gyrokinetic simulations suggests that the dissipative trapped electron mode might be the candidate interpretation of the QCM.
Reservoir computing-based digital signal equalizer for equivalent-time sampling
Authors: Jing Ning , Zhao Junpeng , Zhang Minjuan
Published: November 2023

A sampling oscilloscope is an important instrument for evaluating the quality of optical communication signals. Since its working principle is equivalent-time sampling, the data obtained for digital signals with random characteristics do not have continuity, which makes it impossible to use methods such as filtering and averaging to equalize the signal. For this reason, this paper proposes a signal equalization method based on reservoir computing. Through training of the reservoir model, an equivalent-time equalizer is established to solve the problem that the sampling oscilloscope cannot equalize random digital signals. Compared with the continuous-time equalizer, the coincidence degree exceeds 95%. The eye height and eye width are increased by 7 and 1.6, respectively, while the jitter in the eye diagram is reduced by 2.3 times, which solves the problem that the sampling oscilloscope cannot equalize random digital signals.
Viscoelectric effect on the chemiosmotic flow in charged soft nanochannels
Authors: Mehta Sumit Kumar , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: November 2023

The charged nanochannel surface and pH-sensitive grafted polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) play a critical role in the design of devices aimed at controlling nanofludic flow. They enable the manipulation of ionic transport by influencing the electric-double (EDL) layers that overlap. Additionally, the viscoelectric effect, amplified by a strong EDL electric field, may enhance the activation energy and viscosity of liquids. Motivated by this, we conducted a numerical investigation using a finite element method-based solver, COMSOL, to examine the effects of the viscoelectric effect on concentration-gradient-driven chemiosmotic flow in a charged soft nanochannel with grafted pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte layer on the inner wall surfaces. It is important to note that the nanochannel is positioned between two reservoirs with different pH values and bulk-ionic concentrations. The PEL is sensitive to protonic association–dissociation due to the presence of carboxylic and amine groups in monomeric units. In our study, we comprehensively demonstrate variations in key variables characterizing the underlying flow. These variations include changing the solute concentration in the left side reservoir within the range of 0.1–5 mol m−3, adjusting the pH of the right-side reservoir (pHR) within the range of 3–10, and varying the viscoelectric coefficient. The viscoelectric effect significantly raises viscosity near the wall due to the stronger EDL electric field generated at the left-side reservoir resulting from the higher solute concentration. On the other hand, viscosity tends to decrease with lower pHR values and remains unaffected by changes at higher pHR values. The average flow velocity shows an increasing–decreasing pattern as the concentration of the right-side reservoir is enhanced. Additionally, the decrease in flow velocity becomes noticeably more pronounced with higher solute concentrations in the right-side reservoir when accounting for the viscoelectric effect. The findings of the present study have practical implications for novel nanofluidic devices, frequently employed in various engineering applications to control flow.
Field-free magnetization switching through modulation of zero-field spin–orbit torque efficacy
Authors: Kao Shih-Che , Lin Chun-Yi , Liao Wei-Bang , Wang Po-Chuan , Hu Chen-Yu , Huang Yu-Hao , Liu Yan-Ting , Pai Chi-Feng
Published: November 2023

To make spin–orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) practical, current-induced magnetization switching without an external bias field is essential. Given that the CoFeB/MgO structure has already been used in typical spin-transfer torque-MRAM for its high tunneling magnetoresistance, leveraging a similar material system to achieve field-free SOT switching is of great importance. In this work, we systematically investigate the field-free switching mechanism in CoFeB/W/CoFeB T-type structures, where the two CoFeB layers are in-plane and perpendicularly magnetized, respectively. Initial SOT characterization shows a sizable zero-field SOT efficacy (χHx=0) for such T-type devices. Furthermore, field-free angle-dependent SOT measurement confirms the parallel relationship between the built-in bias field and the magnetization of the in-plane magnetized CoFeB. Based on thorough verification and exclusion of other potential mechanisms, the Néel orange-peel effect emerges as the dominant origin for such a built-in bias field, where a positive correlation between the deposited film surface roughness and χHx=0 is found. Based on this discovery, the field-free switching efficacy in T-type structures is further optimized via film roughness tuning and examined with pillar-shaped devices. Our results provide insights into the tentative approach to improve field-free switching using T-type devices and the feasibility of downscaling.
SIM Thermocouple Type S Supplementary Comparison
Authors: Garrity K M , Araya M , Bookall K , Gee D J , Giorgio M , Guillén E , Mendez-Lango E , Quelhas K N , Solano Mena A , Robatto O , Sanchez C , Vieira H D
Published: November 2023

Main text

A collapsed star type S thermocouple intercomparison was performed over the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) temperature range from 0 °C to 1100 °C. This was an Inter-American Metrology System (SIM) regional intercomparison piloted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Eleven laboratories (including NIST) participated in the intercomparison. Twenty-one type S thermocouples were constructed and calibrated at NIST, of which ten served as transfer standards. The thermocouples were identified as Cut 1 through Cut 21. Each thermocouple was calibrated by the metal fixed-point method at the freezing points of Zn, Al, Ag, and Au. The 21 calibrations were ultimately used to determine the reference values (RV) for the intercomparison. Subsequently the artifacts were calibrated at a participating laboratory by comparison with a local standard and/or by fixed-point method. Subsequently they were returned to the pilot laboratory where they were remeasured at the freezing point of silver (for purposes of determining a transfer uncertainty). Although thermocouples are not a standard interpolating instrument on the ITS-90, they are proposed as an approximation technique and are a widely used thermometer; so, it is useful to look at the measurement capabilities involved in their calibration.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Geometric aspects of quantization and relationship to integrability
Authors: Bracken Paul
Published: November 2023

It is the case that quantum mechanics has a deep geometric structure and can be presented accordingly. Quantum mechanics is to a certain degree foreshadowed by the geometry inherent in the geometric structure of classical mechanics. The purpose here is to present some new results and proofs which impact the mathematical structure of quantum mechanics. The relationship between integrability and quantum physics is investigated in terms of geometric ideas and structures. Two physical examples are drawn from these mathematical ideas which directly relate to physics. An introduction as to how these ideas can be extended to infinite degrees of freedom is also described.
Entanglement control in a laser driven single layer graphene system
Authors: Ali E , AbdulKareem A F , Hussein T Kh , Abbas H A , Al-Saidi D N , Hameed S M , Rasen F A , Shafik S Sh , Alhessam Mutaz S , Alawadi A , Alsalamy A , Abbass R
Published: November 2023

In this letter, we have proposed a new model for quantum control of atom photon entanglement in a single layer graphene via von Neumann reduced entropy of entanglement. We consider the effect of terahertz laser field intensity on the degree of entanglement (DEM) in the resonance and off-resonance condition of the applied fields. We also investigate the spatially dependent of the DEM when two applied light becomes standing wave pattern in x and y directions. Our results show that in different parametric conditions, the population of the different states can be controlled and this leads to modifying the DEM of the system.
Cdc42 activity in the trailing edge is required for persistent directional migration of keratinocytes
Authors: Patwardhan Rutuja , Nanda Suchet , Wagner Jessica , Stockter Tom , Dehmelt Leif , Nalbant Perihan
Published: November 2023

Fibroblasts migrate discontinuously by generating transient leading-edge protrusions and irregular, abrupt retractions of a narrow trailing edge. In contrast, keratinocytes migrate persistently and directionally via a single, stable, broad protrusion paired with a stable trailing-edge. The Rho GTPases Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are key regulators of cell protrusions and retractions. However, how these molecules mediate cell-type specific migration modes is still poorly understood. In fibroblasts, all three Rho proteins are active at the leading edge, suggesting short-range coordination of protrusive Rac1 and Cdc42 signals with RhoA retraction signals. Here, we show that Cdc42 was surprisingly active in the trailing-edge of migrating keratinocytes. Elevated Cdc42 activity colocalized with the effectors MRCK and N-WASP suggesting that Cdc42 controls both myosin activation and actin polymerization in the back. Indeed, Cdc42 was required to maintain the highly dynamic contractile acto-myosin retrograde flow at the trailing edge of keratinocytes, and its depletion induced ectopic protrusions in the back, leading to decreased migration directionality. These findings suggest that Cdc42 is required to stabilize the dynamic cytoskeletal polarization in keratinocytes, to enable persistent, directional migration.
Home-care services in France
Authors: Henrard Jean-Claude , Ankri, Joel , Isnard Marie-Claude
Published: November 2023

For nearly 30 years, politicians have all been proclaiming the importance of maintaining elderly people in their own homes, by quoting from numerous official reports produced by experts and important civil servants. Behind this happy unanimity, what are the aims, implicit or not, of maintien omicile, and what means are available to achieve them? How do they fit in with the social and health services and with the support given by the person’s family, which is rarely mentioned? Does the central plan of action-services for home help and for help with personal care-answer the needs of the population it serves? In an attempt to answer these questions, this chapter will examine the historical development of the maintien a domicile of elderly people, the existing system and its relation to other measures, and the fragmentary data available on its operation.
Home-care provision and allocation
Authors: Jamieson Anne
Published: November 2023

Policies for older people in most countries emphasize the need to enable them to remain at home for as long as possible, and this is stressed as an important aim in relation to home-care services. However, there is considerable cross-national variation and a great deal of ambiguity on questions concerning the role of the state, the relation between home care and various forms of institutional care, and the expected cost implications. By reviewing espoused policy aims across several countries, it is possible to identify a range of possibilities, which are first itemized.
Getting help
Authors: Wilson Andrew
Published: November 2023

In a recent MORI poll, 13% of men could correctly identify the location of their prostate gland while 16% of women knew where it was (MORI 1995). Men use their GPs less than women and are also more willing to make do with locums and unfamiliar partners. GP impact on men’s lifestyles is limited. They are absent from preventive and counselling settings and even when things are bad, need strong pressure from partners to seek medical help. Men engage in riskier health practices than females but feel more in control of their health. It all sounds hopeless but this chapter describes some innovative developments in the care of men’s health. General practice has been flexible and effective in its response to women’s health—so why not men’s health next?
Membranous lupus glomerulonephritis
Authors: Korbet Stephen M
Published: November 2023

Membranous glomerulonephritis is defined morphologically by the presence of widespread subepithelial immune deposits and the reactive changes observed as the deposits are incorporated into the glomerular basal lamina. Although its etiology is unknown (idiopathic) in the majority of cases, a secondary cause can be identified in up to 42 per cent of patients.Systemic lupus erythematosus is one the most common forms of secondary membranous glomerulonephrits, and it is identified in up to 32 per cent of these patients.
Cultural and historical aspects of male sexual assault
Authors: Jones Ivor H
Published: November 2023

The few existing historical accounts of sexual assault on males are insufficient to form a reliable picture of attitudes and behaviours in earlier epochs but give some insight into contemporary attitudes of key cultures – Greco-Roman, medieval European, post-seventeenth century Europe can be found, with fleeting references to exotic cultures. Hints of behaviour in prehistory could come, by analogy, from contemporary hunter–gatherer groups, although search of Australian Aboriginal literature has not produced much useful material. By adopting a socio-biological rather than an historical paradigm, and by examining not attitudes but behaviour seen in a ethnological context, hypotheses relevant to male rape can be examined – specifically, the proposition that, among primates, male mounting of the male is more a function of dominant-subordinate relationships than of their sexual relationships – and this theme appears to be congruent with many of the historical data. The evidence suggests that sexual assault of one male by another seems to be used for non-sexual, social purposes – usually control of one individual by another.
Mild Head Injury a guide to management
Authors: Wrightson Philip , Gronwall Dorothy
Published: November 2023

This is a practical guide to the management of mild head injury, or concussion. It is now generally accepted that post-concussion syndrome has an organic basis and this has resulted in the emergence of clinics, staffed by interdisciplinary teams, dedicated to addressing the problem. After a short account of the history of thinking on mild head injury and its epidemiology, a section on pathology provides the background to the clinical picture. The coverage then moves on to look at the acute stage and management in the emergency department, followed by a description of the clinical features of the persisting symptoms. There are clear descriptions of the measurements, investigations and examinations to be completed. The authors then move on to look at the neurological, cognitive-behavioural and psychiatric aspects of management and treatment. Specific cases are discussed, including the special considerations when dealing with children, the elderly, executives and sportspeople. At the end of the book there are copies of information sheets and booklets for patients. Philip Wrightson and Dorothy Gronwall are pioneers in this field. They were the first to define test procedures to measure the changes following concussion, and to establish a clinic for those with persisting problems.
Upper arm arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Nicholson A1ichael L , Polo Jose R
Published: November 2023

Vascular access surgeons are being referred an increasing number of patients with either inadequate forearm veins or previous failed radiocephalic arterio¬venous fistulas (AVFs). In this situation the choice for secondary vascular access lies between a prosthetic graft AVF or the creation of an upper arm fistula using autogenous vessels. Prosthetic grafts have been favoured more in the USA but the various alternative autogenous elbow fistulas have proved more popular in European countries. It is difficult to make a direct comparison between these two general approaches as there are a number of different alternatives in each case and there is very little, if any, randomized controlled trial data on which to base decision making. Prosthetic grafts can be needled early and easily but the avail¬ able uncontrolled historical data suggest that in general they have higher rates of thrombosis and infection and the long-term patency rates are not as good as autogenous AVFs. Moreover, prosthetic graft materials are expensive.
Percutaneous treatment of arteriovenous access dysfunction
Authors: Turmel-Rodrigues Luc , Raynaud Alain , Bourquelot Pierre
Published: November 2023

Whereas more than 70% of American hemodialyzed patients with arteriovenous access undergo treatment via a prosthetic graft, and very few via a native fistula, the proportions are more or less the opposite in Europe since more than 70% of patients have a native fistula. The American situation is usually explained by a higher proportion of diabetics (33% compared to % in Europe) and Blacks (40% versus 1%), but the surgical literature also shows opposing schools of thought. American radiologists therefore treat many stenoses and thromboses of grafts but not very many native fistulae. European radiologists deal with failing grafts as often as with native veins because the less numerous grafts dearly have higher rates of complication.
Introduction to risk calculation in genetic counseling
Authors: Young Ian D
Published: November 2023

Genetic counselling is widely accepted as an integral part of the management of every patient with an inherited disorder, and the rapid developments in human and medical genetics have reinforced the importance of competency in risk calculation. Fully updated since the first edition (1991) this book provides a simple introduction for risk calculation for genetics counselling,, describing how risks can easily be estimated or calculated for most counselling situations. Easy-to-use, with worked examples, this book covers all patterns of inheritance. In this second edition, Introduction to Risk Calculation for Genetic Counselling now includes a chapter on cancer genetics, and there are also new sections on anticipation, gonadal mosaicism, the potential use of susceptibility loci, three-way chromosome translocations and meiotic drive. Reviews of the first edition: 'This is a good book' American Journal of Human Genetics 'I would recommend this book to any clinicians involved in aspects of genetic counselling' Genetical Research Introduction to Risk calculation for Genetic Counselling.. 'is simple, clear and accurate.' 'There is no doubt that this will be a popular book.' Journal of Medical Genetics 'Introduction to risk calculation in genetic counselling more than fulfills its aim to be a "user-friendly introduction to risk calculation.... For those involved in the delivery of genetic counselling services." It is clear in style, with worked example, and all within 150 pages.' BMJ 'This new text is to be welcomed as it is readily accessible to the majority of clinicians and is, in essence, a book that should be in the "working bookshelf"!' Neuromuscular Disorders
Sites of potentially dangerous anastomosis between cranial arteries
Authors: Byrne J V
Published: November 2023

Collateral pathways between different arterial territories of the head and neck are potential routes for the inadvertent spread of materials during transarterial procedures. Their existence reflects the rich vascularity of the face and upper neck—a blood supply that is needed to supply the variety of organs housed in this part of the body, organs which form part of the respiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems, as well as the special senses and a highly developed muscular system. Inadvertent spread of embolic agents may damage the peripheral nerves that support these organs. The central nervous system is also at risk because amongst these arterial networks there exist anastomoses between the extracranial and intracranial arteries with the potential to allow the unintentioned spread of embolic materials.
Tumours of the spine
Authors: Stoodley N
Published: November 2023

Spinal imaging has undergone a revolution overthe last few years, following the introduction of computed tomography (CT) and more recently magneticresonance imaging (MRI). CT is limited byits poor soft tissue contrast which means that intraaxialspinal cord pathology is not well seen.
The role of interventional neuroradiology in the treatment of intrinsic tumours of the neuroaxis
Authors: Ericson K
Published: November 2023

The traditional treatment modalities for intrinsic brain tumours are surgical resection and conventional irradiation therapy. However, these methods have not been very successful and treatments using various forms of chemotherapeutic agent have been proposed. In the majority of patients chemotherapy has been performed using a systemically administered agent. Such an approach has limited the amount of drug that can be given because of side-effects; intra-arterial drug delivery has there- fore been proposed in the expectation of being able to increase the local dose of chemotherapy agent.
Acute non-haemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Pendlebury S T , Rothwell P M
Published: November 2023

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in most developed countries (Bonita 1992) and affects about 8 million people worldwide each year. The majority (approximately 80%) of acute strokes are ischaemic caused in most cases by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery (Bamford et al. 1988). About 10 per cent of all patients with acute strokes will die within 30 days of stroke onset (Bamford et al. 1990). Of those who survive the acute event, around 50 per cent will still be disabled after 6 months (Wade 1988). Stroke can occur at any age, but it is predominantly a disease of older people; half of all strokes occur in people over 70 years of age (Murray et al. 1997).
Prevention of ischaemic stroke: the role of angioplasty and stenting in the treatment of carotid and vertebral artery atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Clifton A
Published: November 2023

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the United Kingdom, and atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid artery close to the carotid bifurcation in the neck causes about 10 per cent of all strokes and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA). In patients who have had recent symptoms associated with severe carotid stenosis, the risk of recurrent stroke over the next 2 years is 20 per cent or more if patients are treated medically and is thought to be greater in patients with very severe stenosis (Dennis et al. 1990). It may be as high as 28 per cent (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators 1991).
Health and Illness in the Community
Authors: Taylor Ross J , Smith Blair H , Teijlingen Edwin R van
Published: November 2023

In line with major changes in medical education over the last decade, Health and Illness in the Community stresses the importance of the community and the health of the population which play an integral part in becoming a good doctor. Through the use of case histories, summary panels, bullet lists the book looks at the context within which illness is experienced, health is sought and medicine is practised. It explains to the reader how the determinants of health and illness are much wider than the influence of medicine, or indeed healthcare. It is generally recognised that the effectiveness of clinical decisions made for each patient is increased if the doctor takes account of the patient's family and community setting. Equally the impact of these decisions is mediated through the environmental, economic and political conditions of the day. This concise multi-disciplinary textbook for medical students takes a practical approach to the subject, integrating the subjects that are being taught within the community. Taking health and normality as a starting point, the book considers the environmental and social factors which influence the health of a community, discussing the nature, distribution and determinants of illness. Students need a solid understanding of medicine in the community encompassing elements of public health, general practice, child health, geriatrics, mental health, psychology and sociology and this book provides the material required.
Parenting, well-being, health and disease
Authors: Stewart-Brown Sarah
Published: November 2023

The chapter will offer working definitions of all four concepts, explain the model which links the four together, describe some of the increasing number of studies which support the centrality of parenting in the model, and suggest ways in which future studies might test the model further.
Hydration
Authors: Fainsinger Robin
Published: November 2023

A 65-year-old man presents with a two week history of increasing abdominal discomfort. Up until that point he had been active and in good health, although he had noted a loss of weight of approximately 3 kg over the previous two months. Investigations confirm pancreatic cancer with liver metastases. Approximately one week after diagnosis he presents to the emergency room of his local hospital with nausea and vomiting, and clinical evidence of dehydration. He is admitted with a suspected bowel obstruction for investigation. He is rehydrated with intravenous fluids. Diagnostic imaging does not show any evidence of a bowel obstruction. The patient’s symptoms settle and he is able to resume a reasonable oral intake and is discharged home.
Homelessness and Housing Policy
Authors: Marcuse Peter
Published: November 2023

Is homelessness a housing problem? An odd question, on the face of it-of course lack of housing is a housing problem. What’s meant by the question, though, runs deeper. If the homeless are homeless because they have deep-seated personal problems, then merely providing housing may not be of much help. What would be needed are social services, medical care, group support perhaps, education and training, psychiatric care, or moral or social rehabilitation, going beyond “mere” housing.
Advocacy for the Homeless in the 1980s
Authors: Hopper Kim
Published: November 2023

I get worried about a society which consumes with such avidity the display of charity that it forgets to ask itself questions about its consequences, its uses and its limits. Roland Barthes, “The Iconography of Abbe Pierre,” 1957 In a striking departure from the journalistic commonplace, New York Timescolumnist Anna Quindlen asked how it was that the problems of people are so easily converted into “issues,” and our neighbors abstracted into mere tokens of larger forces and failings.
Salmon P. Chase
Authors: Niven John
Published: November 2023

Salmon P. Chase was one of the preeminent men of 19th-century America. A majestic figure, tall and stately, Chase was a leader in the fight to end slavery, a brilliant administrator who as Lincoln’s Secretary of the Treasury provided crucial funding for a vastly expensive war, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the turmoil of Reconstruction, and the presiding officer of the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson. Yet he was also a complex figure. As John Niven reveals in this magisterial biography, Chase was a paradoxical blend of idealism and ambition. If he stood for the highest moral purposes—the freedom and equality of all mankind—these lofty ideas failed to mask a thirst for power so deeply ingrained in his character that it drove away many who shared his principles, but mistrusted his motives. Niven provides a vivid description of Chase’s early years—his childhood in New Hampshire (where his father’s failed business venture and early death left the family all but destitute) and in Ohio (where he was sent to live with his uncle Philander, an Episcopal bishop), his education at Dartmouth, and his early law career in Cincinnati. Niven shows how the plight of the slaves stirred this reticent young lawyer, and how Chase gradually moved to the forefront of the antislavery movement. At the same time, we see how he used his growing prominence in the antislavery movement to forward his political ambitions. Niven illuminates Chase’s long tenure as a public man. Twice elected United States Senator, twice chosen governor of Ohio (then the third most populous state in the Union), Chase organized the widespread but diffuse anti-slavery movement into a workable political organization, the Free Soil party (whose slogan “Free Soil, Free Labor, Freemen” Chase coined himself). We read of Chase’s work in Lincoln’s war cabinet and his tenure as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and we also follow his many political maneuvers, his attempts to undercut rivals, and his poorly run campaigns for presidential nominations. Niven also provides an intimate portrait of Chase’s family life—his loss of three wives and four of his six children, and the unfortunate marriage of his beautiful daughter Kate to a rich but dissolute man—and a vivid picture of life at mid-century. What emerges is a portrait of a tragic figure, whose high qualities of heart and mind and whose many achievements were ultimately tarnished by an often unseemly quest for power. It is a striking look at an eminent statesman as well as a revealing glimpse into political life in 19th-century America, all set against a background of the anti-slavery movement, the Civil War, and the turmoil of Reconstruction.
The Medieval Discourse of Crusade
Authors: Williams Robert A
Published: November 2023

At the dawn of Renaissance Europe’s discoveries in the New World and conquests of the American Indian, Europeans already enjoyed the singular advantage of possessing a systematically elaborated legal discourse on colonization. This discourse, first successfully deployed during the medieval Crusades to the Holy Land, unquestioningly asserted that normatively divergent non-Christian peoples could rightfuliy be conquered and their lands could lawfully be confiscated by Christian Europeans enforcing their peculiar vision of a universally binding natural law.1
Women and the City
Authors: Deutsch Sarah
Published: November 2023

In the 70 years between the Civil War and World War II, the women of Boston changed the city dramatically. From anti-spitting campaigns and demands for police mothers to patrol local parks, to calls for a decent wage and living quarters, women rich and poor, white and black, immigrant and native-born struggled to make a place for themselves in the city. Now, in Women of Boston, historian Sarah Deutsch tells this story for the first time, revealing how they changed not only the manners but also the physical layout of the modern city. Deutsch shows how the women of Boston turned the city from a place with no respectable public space for women, to a city where women sat on the City Council and met their beaux on the street corners. The book follows the efforts of working-class, middle-class, and elite matrons, working girls and “new women” as they struggled to shape the city in their own interests. And in fact they succeeded in breathtaking fashion, rearranging and redefining the moral geography of the city, and in so doing broadening the scope of their own opportunities. But Deutsch reveals that not all women shared equally in this new access to public space, and even those who did walk the streets with relative impunity and protested their wrongs in public, did so only through strategic and limited alliances with other women and with men. A penetrating new work by a brilliant young historian, Women and the City is the first book to analyse women’s role in shaping the modern city. It casts new light not only on urban history, but also on women’s domestic lives, women’s organizations, labor organizing, and city politics, and on the crucial connections between gender, space, and power.
Technology Transfer and the Technopolis
Authors: Rogers Everett M , Chen Ying-Chung Annie
Published: November 2023

The objective of this chapter is to identify the main lessons learned about the role of technology transfer in the rise of high tech centers that are emerging at various places in the world. A technopolis is a geographically concentrated high tech complex often characterized by collaborative R & D efforts between high tech industry and a research university or government-sponsored R & D institute, and by the presence of venture capital and entrepreneurial spin-off firms. A technopolis often contains a research park as the core of the university-industry collaboration.
Managing High Tech Processes: The Challenge of CAD/CAM
Authors: Adler Paul
Published: November 2023

A process technology revolution is underway in industry today: computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies are being interconnected (CAD/CAM) and linked with management information systems (MIS), moving toward what is often called computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) or what might be better termed the computer-integrated enterprise (CIE).
William Franklin
Authors: Skemp Sheila L
Published: November 2023

This is an unusual and fascinating biography of William Franklin, Benjamin Franklin’s illegitimate son, who, with the onset of Independence, became a visible spokesman for the Loyalist cause. This biography sheds light on imperial issues and personalities in the Revolution period and explores with great understanding the complicated relationships between William Franklin and his father.
Isotopically Selective Counting of Atoms and Molecules Using Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Chung H , Payne Marvin G , Hurst G Samuel , Kramer Steven D , Allman Steven L , Phillips Ronald C
Published: November 2023

Analytical chemists have dreamt of having an instrument with the following properties: (1) detection sensitivity that reaches the ultimate limit: single atom or single molecule detection, (2) high discrimination between various isotopes, and (3) very broad dynamic range. When the concentration of the desired species is low in a sample, the species can be individually counted. Further, a sample containing a high level of selected atoms or molecules can be measured in a very short period of time in an analog mode. In addition, (4) the time for analysis is short and (5) the instrument is inexpensive and easy to operate. At this time there are no instruments available that meet these five conditions.
Empirical Labor Economics
Authors: Devine Theresa J , Kiefer Nicholas M
Published: November 2023

This book is suitable for graduates taking courses in labour economics which use a search approach. The economics of search has become a part of the standard graduate curriculum and deals with the costs and benefits to individual workers - either employed or unemployed - of seeking a job with the highest possible pay. This book surveys the empirical literature on the economics of search in a systematic manner.
The .Absolute and Relative Joint Stability of Input-Output Production and Allocation Coefficients
Authors: Chen Chia-Yon , Rose Adam
Published: November 2023

An important variant of the standard input-output model has been developed by Ghosh (1958). In contrast to the fixed input requirements of the Leontief production function, Ghosh’s a/location ]Unctionapproach calls for fixed output, or sales, distributions across sectors. Rather than a demand-driven mode with fixed coefficients in relation to column sums, the new formulation is a supply-driven model with fixed coefficients in relation to row sums. Applications of the allocation model have been numerous. One set deals with the direct and indirect impacts of natural resource supply shortages (sec Davis and Salkin 1984; Giarratani, 1976). Another set of applications pertains to the calculation of Hirschman’s (1958) concept of forward linkages(see Bulmer-Thomas, 1982; Jones, 1976). Yet another pertains to the formulation of multiregional input-output models (sec Bon, 1984, 1988).
The Information Technology Platform
Authors: Madnick Stuart e.
Published: November 2023

The focus of this chapter is the shaded parts of the model shown in Figure 2-1. The information technology incorporated in the organization’s platform must be in balance with the organization’s structure and culture, processes, business and technology strategies, and human resources policies and practices. The organization, with its technology platform in place, must be in balance with its external environment-including the emerging external technology
Interfirm Competition and Collaboration
Authors: Rotemberg Julio j. , saloner garth
Published: November 2023

In terms of the 1990s model, this chapter focuses attention on the high lighted “forces” in Figure 4-1. This section discusses these changing pat terns of competition and collaboration from both the industry- and firm level viewpoints. Information technology has a unique characteristic that has the power to alter an industry’s competitiveness and the nature of interfirm rivalry. This characteristic is IT’s ability to create “interrelated ness” among firms, markets, and products. The drivers and consequences of interrelatedness are discussed here.
Plato’s Parmenides
Authors: Meinwald Constance C
Published: November 2023

This book offers a controversial new solution to the famous puzzle of the so-called `gymnastic' half of Plato's Parmenides, the meaning of which has so far completely eluded understanding. Meinwald goes on to show that the Parmenides serves to introduce a metaphysics which has outgrown the problems commonly associated with the `Platonism' of the middle dialogues, providing a crucial bridge between those dialogues and the later works of Plato. `Simply stunning. [Meinwald's] interpretation of a difficult and crucial Platonic text is not just to be placed among others as one more excellent competitor. It supersedes the others.' Sandra Peterson, University of Minnesota
Experts In Uncertainty
Authors: Cooke Roger M
Published: November 2023

This is an extensive survey and critical examination of the literature on the use of expert opinion in scientific inquiry and policy making. Cooke considers how expert opinion is being used today, how an expert’s uncertainty is or should be represented, how people do or should reason with uncertainty, how the quality and usefulness of expert opinion can be assessed, and how the views of several experts might be combined. He argues for the importance of developing practical models with a transparent mathematical foundation for the use of expert opinion in science, and presents three tested models. Detailed case studies illustrate how they can be applied to a diversity of real problems in engineering and planning.