bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between unemployment and macroeconomic indicators
Authors: Kalinová Eva , Kroutlová Kateřina
Published: March 2023

The issue of unemployment set in the context of economic development is a crucial issue for ensuring economic growth of a country. The aim of the text is to analyze the relationship between unemployment and basic macroeconomic indicators and to confirm the direct relationship between these variables. The research method used was the analysis of the values of the general unemployment rate, gross domestic product, i.e. GDP, and gross value added, i.e. GVA, and their subsequent comparison. Other research methods include correlation analysis with Pearson’s correlation coefficient, which confirmed a high degree of correlation between the general unemployment rate and the values of GDP and GVA. The research confirmed the existence of a correlation between the general unemployment rate and both GDP and GVA. GDP and GVA in the Moravian-Silesian Region were increasing in the sample years 2013-2019, while the general unemployment rate was decreasing. The analysis of the values shows that the values of GDP and GVA were inversely proportional to the values of the general unemployment rate. A limitation of the research was that economic development is not only influenced by the unemployment rate. As a result, it was not possible to establish a precise value that would define the extent of the impact of unemployment on the economic development of the region. The contribution of the paper is the confirmation of the existence of the correlation of unemployment with the mentioned development indicators, and the validity of Okun’s Law also on the territory of the Moravian-Silesian Region.
Lungenkontusion nach Sprung ins Wasser
Authors: Garhy Mohamed , Arndt Stefan , Haasler Edgar , Krobath-Brandstätter Marcus , Schönhofer Bernd
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund Zu Lungenkontusionen kommt es häufig im Rahmen von Polytraumata, aber deutlich seltener bei Sportverletzungen.

Fallbeschreibung Wir berichten über einen 22-jährigen Patienten,
der sich fußläufig in unserer Notaufnahme vorstellte. Er war am selben Tag im Schwimmbad von
einem 10-Meter-Turm gesprungen und dabei mit dem ventralen Thorax und Abdomen auf die
Wasseroberfläche geschlagen. Unmittelbar danach kam es zu rechtsthorakalen Schmerzen und
Hämoptysen.

Der körperliche Untersuchungsbefund blieb ohne weitere Auffälligkeiten. Im Röntgenthorax in 2 Ebenen ergab sich ebenfalls kein eindeutig pathologsicher Befund.

Das Computertomogramm des Thorax mit Kontrastmittel wies eine inhomogene Verdichtung im
Mittellappen und geringer im ventrobasalen Oberlappen rechts auf, passend zur Lungenkontusion
mit Parenchymblutungen. Zusätzlich zeigte sich ein minimaler Pneumothoraxsaum rechts
parakardial.

In der am selben Tag durchgeführten Bronchoskopie wurden im Mittellappenbronchus geringe Mengen Blut nachgewiesen.

Die Hämoptysen sistierten spontan. Am dritten Tag des stationären Aufenthaltes wurde der Patient asymptomatisch und mit stabilen Vitalparametern entlassen.

Schlussfolgerung Infolge einer Lungenkontusion kann es unmittelbar nach einer Thoraxverletzung im sportlichen Umfeld zu Hämoptysen kommen. Im Gegensatz zum konventionellen Röntgen-Thorax kommt der Computertomografie in der Diagnostik der Lungenkontusion ein hoher Stellenwert zu. Meistens sind die o.g. Befunde spontan reversibel.
Research on AlN thin film microstructure processing technology based on ultra-thin cantilever beam structure
Authors: Shang Yingqi , Zhang Hongquan , Liu Weiwei , Chen Dongsa , Wu Shuangyu , Wu Zuofei
Published: March 2023

Aiming at the problem of poor solution selection ratio when the AlN film and porous silicon sacrificial layer are released in the ultra-thin cantilever structure and at the problem of large surface roughness after AlN graphing, the wet corrosion process parameters were optimized, and the influence of different corrosive fluids and corrosion times on the surface roughness of AlN and the influence on the etching rate of AlN were studied, and different process parameters were selected for experiments. According to the experimental results, a suitable microstructure processing method was selected to effectively reduce the surface roughness of AlN and improve the integrity of the AlN film and the reliability and yield of the cantilever structure when the sacrificial layer is released. The microstructure fabrication of AlN films in ultra-thin cantilever structures enables the fabrication of ultra-micro-force sensors, accelerometers, acoustic sensors, and other devices.
Carbon nanotube network film-based field-effect transistor interface state optimization by ambient air annealing
Authors: Hou Zhenfei , Liu Yiwei , Niu Gang , Sun Yanxiao , Li Jie , Zhao Jinyan , Wu Shengli
Published: March 2023

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) have been considered a strong candidate for post-Si era electronics due to the virtues of higher speed, lower power consumption, and multiple functionalities. The interface analysis based on the top gate structure has made little progress and lacks a reliable charge trap characterization model suitable for carbon tube devices. Quantitative extraction and analysis of the interface state are crucial for the integration of top-gate devices. Herein, a 5 nm thick Y2O3 thin film was selected as the gate dielectric layer in the top-gate CNTFETs device, and a post-annealing process in air ambience was utilized to optimize the Y2O3-CNT interface. A series of device performance evaluation results indicated that the post-annealing process in air ambience can effectively improve the on-state current and reduce the threshold voltage and subthreshold swing of the device, which are derived from diffusion of oxygen atom in the Y2O3 layer and optimization of the interface of Y2O3-CNT. Specifically, the maximum mobility, subthreshold swing, and threshold voltage are calculated to be 29 cm2/V s, 103 mV/dec, and −0.1 V, respectively, and the interface state density is reduced from 2.68 × 1012 to 1.51 × 1012 cm−2 in the gate insulator. These results not only are important to understand the dielectric impact on CNTFET devices but also are useful for future materials’ development and device optimization for high-performance CNT-based electronics.
Power law logarithmic bounds of moments for long range operators in arbitrary dimension
Authors: Liu Wencai
Published: March 2023

We show that the sublinear bound of the bad Green’s functions implies explicit logarithmic bounds of moments for long range operators in arbitrary dimension.
Automatic differentiation for orbital-free density functional theory
Authors: Tan Chuin Wei , Pickard Chris J. , Witt William C.
Published: March 2023

Differentiable programming has facilitated numerous methodological advances in scientific computing. Physics engines supporting automatic differentiation have simpler code, accelerating the development process and reducing the maintenance burden. Furthermore, fully differentiable simulation tools enable direct evaluation of challenging derivatives—including those directly related to properties measurable by experiment—that are conventionally computed with finite difference methods. Here, we investigate automatic differentiation in the context of orbital-free density functional theory (OFDFT) simulations of materials, introducing PROFESS-AD. Its automatic evaluation of properties derived from first derivatives, including functional potentials, forces, and stresses, facilitates the development and testing of new density functionals, while its direct evaluation of properties requiring higher-order derivatives, such as bulk moduli, elastic constants, and force constants, offers more concise implementations than conventional finite difference methods. For these reasons, PROFESS-AD serves as an excellent prototyping tool and provides new opportunities for OFDFT.
Interchain interactions induced multiferroicity in SrFeF5
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xu Dingshi , Huang Shuai , Wang Yaxin , Wu Di , Du Jun , Xu Qingyu
Published: March 2023

SrFeF5 is a typical spin-chain compound with strong intrachain and moderate interchain interactions. It has been predicted to be multiferroic due to the cycloidal spin structure. Herein, we provide clear experimental evidence of multiferroicity of SrFeF5 by a systematic investigation of its magnetic, dielectric, and pyroelectric properties. The complicated interactions between neighboring Fe ions lead to the following three magnetic transitions. The divergence between field cooling (FC) and zero field cooling (ZFC) M(T) curves at TN1∼ 80 K originates from the antiparallel alignment of neighboring spins along the chains due to the strong intrachain interactions. The sudden increase in magnetization with further divergence between the FC and ZFC M(T) curves is observed at TN2 ∼ 42 K, which originates from the formation of cycloidal spin structure due to the contribution from moderate interchain interactions. An upturn of magnetization with further decreasing temperature at TN3 ∼ 6 K is due to the contribution from the much weaker interchain interactions. Exchange bias starts to emerge at around 30 K, reaches a maximum at 20 K, and further increases below 10 K. A frequency independent peak of dielectric constant is observed at around TN2, due to the cycloidal spin structure induced spontaneous polarization. This work helps to understand the multiferroic properties in the spin-chain fluorides.
Experimental study of the dielectric properties of energy-containing materials at variable temperatures
Authors: Tang Yuchong , Gao Yong , Yu Chengyong , Gao Chong , Zhang Yunpeng , Li En
Published: March 2023

Due to the inherent material characteristics of fireworks and negligent safety management, safety accidents have occurred in recent years, resulting in significant personal and property losses. Therefore, the status inspection of fireworks and other energy-containing materials is a hot issue in the field of energy-containing materials production, storage, transportation, and application. The dielectric constant is a parameter used to characterize the interaction between materials and electromagnetic waves. The methods of obtaining this parameter in the microwave band are not only numerous but also fast and easy. Thus, the real-time status of energy-containing materials can be monitored by monitoring their dielectric properties. Usually, temperature variation has an important effect on the state of energy-containing materials, and the accumulation of temperature can directly cause energy-containing materials to burn or even explode. Based on the above background, this paper proposes a method for testing the dielectric properties of energy-containing materials under variable temperature conditions based on the resonant cavity perturbation theory, which provides important theoretical support for testing the state of energy-containing materials under variable temperatures. Based on the constructed test system, the law of the variation of the dielectric constant of black powder with temperature was obtained, and the theoretical analysis of the test results was carried out. Experimental results show that the temperature change will induce chemical changes in the black powder material, specifically in its dielectric properties, and the magnitude of the changes is large, which is very conducive to real-time monitoring of the black powder state. The system and method developed in this paper can be used to obtain the high-temperature evolution of the dielectric properties of other types of energy-containing materials and provide technical support for the safe production, storage, and application of various types of energy-containing materials.
Minimum in the pressure dependence of the interfacial free energy between ice Ih and water
Authors: Montero de Hijes P. , R Espinosa J. , Vega C. , Dellago C.
Published: March 2023

Despite the importance of ice nucleation, this process has been barely explored at negative pressures. Here, we study homogeneous ice nucleation in stretched water by means of molecular dynamics seeding simulations using the TIP4P/Ice model. We observe that the critical nucleus size, interfacial free energy, free energy barrier, and nucleation rate barely change between isobars from −2600 to 500 bars when they are represented as a function of supercooling. This allows us to identify universal empirical expressions for homogeneous ice nucleation in the pressure range from −2600 to 500 bars. We show that this universal behavior arises from the pressure dependence of the interfacial free energy, which we compute by means of the mold integration technique, finding a shallow minimum around −2000 bars. Likewise, we show that the change in the interfacial free energy with pressure is proportional to the excess entropy and the slope of the melting line, exhibiting in the latter a reentrant behavior also at the same negative pressure. Finally, we estimate the excess internal energy and the excess entropy of the ice Ih–water interface.
Effect of blade chord length on startup performance of H-type tidal current turbine rotor
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Kang Can , Zhang Yongchao , Kim Hyoung-Bum , Jin Feng
Published: March 2023

This study aims to reveal the effect of the blade chord length on the startup performance of the lift rotor that converts the kinetic energy of tidal currents. The computational fluid dynamics technique was used to simulate unsteady flows around the rotor. The six degrees of freedom method was adopted to model the correlation between the rotational speed of the rotor and influential torques acting on the rotor. A comparative analysis of transient flows, rotational speed, and output torque was implemented at different initial azimuthal angles. The results show that as the rotor starts up at the minimum torque, the time required to attain the maximum rotational speed is longer than that associated with the maximum torque. As the maximum rotational speed is reached, low-pressure elements are produced in the area enclosed by the rotor blades, which is insensitive to the initial setting angle. A large area of low pressure is responsible for low output torque. During the startup process, the rotational speed experiences stages of sharp increase, fluctuating decrease, and moderate fluctuation, as is common at different blade chord lengths. As the chord length increases from 0.16 to 0.24 m, the startup process is extended by 0.63 s, and the average rotational speed in the stabilization stage decreases.
Temperature-dependent electrical transport, Hall effect, and Seebeck properties of bulk chemically reduced graphene oxide with bipolar charge carrier materials
Authors: Maneesai Keerati , Silakaew Kanyapak , Khammahong Sunisar , Phrompet Chaiwat , Sriwong Chaval , Thanachayanont Chanchana , Ruttanapun Chesta
Published: March 2023

The temperature-dependent electrical transport, Hall effect, and Seebeck properties of bulk-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared by a chemical reduction process were investigated in a temperature range of 310–475 K. The bulk rGO contained bipolar charge carriers with p-type to n-type switching at a temperature of 420 K. The materials illustrated a p-type characteristic in the temperature range of 310–420 K and n-type characteristic in the temperature range of 420–475 K. The charge transport mechanism was that of the graphene-derived 2D material in the p-type regime and governed by polaronic charge carriers.
A magnetically enhanced RF discharge source for metastable krypton production
Authors: Yan Jing-Wen , Li Hao , Jiang Wei , Lu Zheng-Tian , Ritterbusch Florian , Yang Guo-Min
Published: March 2023

We describe a high intensity metastable Kr source based on a helical resonator RF discharge. By adding an external B-field to the discharge source, the metastable Kr flux is enhanced. The effect of geometric configuration and magnetic field strength has been studied and optimized experimentally. Compared to the helical resonator discharge source without an external B-field, the new source showed an enhancement factor of 4–5 in producing metastable Kr beams. This improvement has a direct impact on the radio-krypton dating applications as it can increase the atom count rate, resulting in a higher analytical precision.
Computational and numerical simulations of the wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion processes
Authors: Yue Chen , Higazy M. , Khater Omnia M. A. , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: March 2023

In partial differential equations, the generalized modified equal-width (GMEW) equation is commonly used to model one-dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion processes. In this article, we use two modern, accurate analytical and numerical techniques to find the exact traveling wave solutions for the model we are looking at. The results are new, and at present, they can be used in many different areas of research, such as engineering and physics. The proposed numerical method is helpful because it gives an estimate on the accuracy of the solutions. Distinct graphs, such as a contour plot, a two-dimensional graph, and a three-dimensional graph, were used to show the analytical and numerical results. Using symbolic computation, we demonstrate that our approach is a powerful mathematical tool that can be applied to a wide range of nonlinear wave problems.
Melting underneath Thwaites Glacier is more complicated than expected
Authors: Lopatka Alex
Published: March 2023

A robot exploring beneath the vulnerable Antarctic glacier has found new features that affect its melt rate.
Defining catchment boundaries and their populations for Aotearoa New Zealand’s rural hospitals
Authors: Whitehead Jesse , Blattner Katharina , Miller Rory , Crengle Sue , Ram Stephen , Walker Xaviour , Nixon Garry
Published: March 2023

Introduction There is considerable variation in the structure and resources of New Zealand (NZ) rural hospitals; however, these have not been recently quantified and their effects on healthcare outcomes are poorly understood. Importantly, there is no standardised description of each rural hospital’s catchment boundary and the characteristics of the population living within this area. Aim To define and describe a catchment population for each of New Zealand’s rural hospitals. Methods An exploratory approach to developing catchments was employed. Geographic Information Systems were used to develop drive-time-based geographic catchments, and administrative health data (National Minimum Data Set and Primary Health Organisation Data Set) informed service utilisation-based catchments. Catchments were defined at both the Statistical Area 2 (SA2) and domicile levels, and linked to census-based population data, the Geographic Classification for Health, and the area-level New Zealand Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (NZDep2018). Results Our results highlight considerable heterogeneity in the size (max: 57 564, min: 5226) and characteristics of populations served by rural hospitals. Substantial differences in the age structure, ethnic composition, socio-economic profile, ‘remoteness’ and projected future populations, are noted. Discussion In providing a standardised description of each rural hospital’s catchment boundary and its population characteristics, the considerable heterogeneity of the communities served by rural hospitals, both in size, rurality and socio-demographic characteristics, is highlighted. The findings provide a platform on which to build further research regarding NZ’s rural hospitals and inform the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective and equitable health care for people living in rural NZ.
The OsBDR1-MPK3 module negatively regulates blast resistance by suppressing the jasmonate signaling and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Wang Lanlan , Xu Guojuan , Li Lihua , Ruan Meiying , Bennion Anne , Wang Guo-Liang , Li Ran , Qu Shaohong
Published: March 2023

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) may initiate signaling pathways by perceiving and transmitting environmental signals to cellular machinery and play diverse roles in plant development and stress responses. The rice genome encodes more than one thousand RLKs, but only a small number have been characterized as receptors for phytohormones, polypeptides, elicitors, and effectors. Here, we screened the function of 11 RLKs in rice resistance to the blast fungus
Magnaporthe oryzae
(
M. oryzae
) and identified a negative regulator named BDR1 (Blast Disease Resistance 1). The expression of
BDR1
was rapidly increased under
M. oryzae
infection, while silencing or knockout of
BDR1
significantly enhanced
M. oryzae
resistance in two rice varieties. Protein interaction and kinase activity assays indicated that BDR1 directly interacted with and phosphorylated mitogen-activated kinase 3 (MPK3). Knockout of
BDR1
compromised
M. oryzae
-induced MPK3 phosphorylation levels. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that
M. oryzae
-elicited jasmonate (JA) signaling and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were negatively regulated by BDR1 and MPK3. Mutation of JA biosynthetic (
allene oxide cyclase
(
AOC
)/signaling (
MYC2
) genes decreased rice resistance to
M. oryzae.
Besides diterpenoid, the monoterpene linalool and the sesquiterpene caryophyllene were identified as unique defensive compounds against
M. oryzae
, and their biosynthesis genes (
TPS3
and
TPS29
) were transcriptionally regulated by JA signaling and suppressed by BDR1 and MPK3. These findings demonstrate the existence of a BDR1-MPK3 cascade that negatively mediates rice blast resistance by affecting JA-related defense responses.
Generating dual-active species by triple-atom sites through peroxymonosulfate activation for treating micropollutants in complex water
Authors: Zhou Qixing , Song Chunlin , Wang Pengfei , Zhao Zhiyong , Li Yi , Zhan Sihui
Published: March 2023

The peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-triggered radical and nonradical active species can synergistically guarantee selectively removing micropollutants in complex wastewater; however, realizing this on heterogeneous metal-based catalysts with single active sites remains challenging due to insufficient electron cycle. Herein, we design asymmetric Co–O–Bi triple-atom sites in Co-doped Bi
2
O
2
CO
3
to facilitate PMS oxidation and reduction simultaneously by enhancing the electron transfer between the active sites. We propose that the asymmetric Co–O–Bi sites result in an electron density increase in the Bi sites and decrease in the Co sites, thereby PMS undergoes a reduction reaction to generate SO
4
•-
and •OH at the Bi site and an oxidation reaction to generate
1
O
2
at the Co site. We suggest that the synergistic effect of SO
4
•-
, •OH, and
1
O
2
enables efficient removal and mineralization of micropollutants without interference from organic and inorganic compounds under the environmental background. As a result, the Co-doped Bi
2
O
2
CO
3
achieves almost 99.3% sulfamethoxazole degradation in 3 min with a k-value as high as 82.95 min
−1
M
−1
, which is superior to the existing catalysts reported so far. This work provides a structural regulation of the active sites approach to control the catalytic function, which will guide the rational design of Fenton-like catalysts.
Halal Slaughter of Cattle: To Stun or Not to Stun?
Authors: Fuseini Awal
Published: March 2023

The rules governing halal slaughter are derived from the Quran, Hadith and Sunnah. These rules stipulate that at the time of neck cutting and exsanguination, animals must be alive. As a result, many practicing Muslims do not accept pre-slaughter stunning because they believe it can result in the death of animals before bleeding. Those who accept stunning insist that it must be none-lethal, electrical head-only stunning is the only method that has been scientifically validated to be fully reversible (non-lethal). Due to its full reversibility, electrical head-only stunning is widely used and accepted for the halal slaughter of small ruminants (i.e., sheep and goats), however, it is not widely approved for the slaughter of cattle. This is due to the size of cattle and the bone structure of their heads, electrical head-only stunning in cattle induces a relatively short duration of unconsciousness which presents a risk of cattle recovering during the period they are bled out. Animals will experience the pain of the neck cut if they recover from consciousness during bleeding (due to the short duration of unconsciousness). Due to this animal welfare concern, most cattle are stunned with a penetrative captive bolt, this is, however, not fully reversible, hence many Muslims do not recognise it as a halal-compliant method of stunning.

Opponents of halal stunning hold a belief that all forms of stunning are inconsistent with the rules of halal meat production, while proponents interpret the rules to mean that stunning is permissible for halal slaughter on condition that animals remain alive prior to neck cutting and bleeding. This paper considers the main methods of stunning used for cattle and discusses the lack of acceptability of some methods of stunning and how this hinders the growth of the halal beef market. The paper further discusses ongoing research into developing animal welfare-friendly and halal compatible beef stunning methods.
Drosophila SPG12 ortholog, reticulon-like 1, governs presynaptic ER organization and Ca2+ dynamics
Authors: Pérez-Moreno Juan José , Smith Rebecca C. , Oliva Megan K. , Gallo Filomena , Ojha Shainy , Müller Karin H. , O’Kane Cahir J.
Published: March 2023

Neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) appears continuous throughout the cell. Its shape and continuity are influenced by ER-shaping proteins, mutations in which can cause distal axon degeneration in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). We therefore asked how loss of Rtnl1, a Drosophila ortholog of the human HSP gene RTN2 (SPG12), which encodes an ER-shaping protein, affects ER organization and the function of presynaptic terminals. Loss of Rtnl1 depleted ER membrane markers at Drosophila presynaptic motor terminals and appeared to deplete narrow tubular ER while leaving cisternae largely unaffected, thus suggesting little change in resting Ca2+ storage capacity. Nevertheless, these changes were accompanied by major reductions in activity-evoked Ca2+ fluxes in the cytosol, ER lumen, and mitochondria, as well as reduced evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission. We found that reduced STIM-mediated ER-plasma membrane contacts underlie presynaptic Ca2+ defects in Rtnl1 mutants. Our results show the importance of ER architecture in presynaptic physiology and function, which are therefore potential factors in the pathology of HSP.
Stromal and therapy-induced macrophage proliferation promotes PDAC progression and susceptibility to innate immunotherapy
Authors: Zuo Chong , Baer John M. , Knolhoff Brett L. , Belle Jad I. , Liu Xiuting , Alarcon De La Lastra Angela , Fu Christina , Hogg Graham D. , Kingston Natalie L. , Breden Marcus A. , Dodhiawala Paarth B. , Zhou Daniel Cui , Lander Varintra E. , James C. Alston , Ding Li , Lim Kian-Huat , Fields Ryan C. , Hawkins William G. , Weber Jason D. , Zhao Guoyan , DeNardo David G.
Published: March 2023

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). While TAMs are known to proliferate in cancer tissues, the impact of this on macrophage phenotype and disease progression is poorly understood. We showed that in PDAC, proliferation of TAMs could be driven by colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts. CSF1 induced high levels of p21 in macrophages, which regulated both TAM proliferation and phenotype. TAMs in human and mouse PDACs with high levels of p21 had more inflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotypes. p21 expression in TAMs was induced by both stromal interaction and/or chemotherapy treatment. Finally, by modeling p21 expression levels in TAMs, we found that p21-driven macrophage immunosuppression in vivo drove tumor progression. Serendipitously, the same p21-driven pathways that drive tumor progression also drove response to CD40 agonist. These data suggest that stromal or therapy-induced regulation of cell cycle machinery can regulate both macrophage-mediated immune suppression and susceptibility to innate immunotherapy.
Artificial magnetism for a harmonically trapped Fermi gas in a synthetic magnetic field
Authors: Biswas Shyamal , Ghosh Avijit , Majumder Soumyadeep
Published: March 2023

We have analytically explored the artificial magnetism for a 3D spin-polarized harmonically trapped ideal Fermi gas of electrically neutral particles exposed to a uniform synthetic magnetic field. Though polarization of the spin is necessary for trapping electrically neutral atoms in a magneto-optical trap, Pauli paramagnetism can not be studied for the spin-polarized Fermi system. However, it is possible to study Landau diamagnetism and de Haas-van Alphen effect for such a system. We have unified the artificial Landau diamagnetism and the artificial de Haas-van Alphen effect in a single framework for all temperatures as well as for all possible magnitudes of the synthetic magnetic field in the thermodynamic limit. Our prediction is testable in the present-day experimental setup for ultracold fermionic atoms in magneto-optical trap.
Performance evaluation of the PennPET explorer with expanded axial coverage
Authors: Dai Bing , Daube-Witherspoon Margaret E , McDonald Stephen , Werner Matthew E , Parma Michael J , Geagan Michael J , Viswanath Varsha , Karp Joel S
Published: March 2023

Objective. This work evaluated the updated PennPET Explorer total-body (TB) PET scanner, which was extended to 6 rings with updated readout firmware to achieve a 142 cm axial field of view (AFOV) without 7.6 cm inter-ring axial gaps. Approach. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2018 measurements were performed with modifications including longer phantoms for sensitivity and count-rate measurements and additional positions for spatial resolution and image quality. A long uniform phantom and the clinical trials network (CTN) phantom were also used. Main results. The total sensitivity increased to 140 kcps MBq−1 for a 70 cm line, a gain of 1.8x compared to the same system with axial gaps; an additional 47% increase in total counts was observed with a 142 cm line at the same activity per cm. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) increased by 1.8x without axial gaps. The peak NECR is 1550 kcps at 25 kBq cc−1 for a 140 cm phantom; due to increased randoms, the NECR is lower than with a 70 cm phantom, for which NECR is 2156 kcps cc−1 at 25 kBq cc−1 and continues increasing. The time-of-flight resolution is 250 ps, increasing by <10 ps at the highest activity. The axial spatial resolution degrades by 0.6 mm near the center of the AFOV, compared to 4 mm resolution near the end. The NEMA image quality phantom showed consistent contrast recovery throughout the AFOV. A long uniform phantom demonstrated axial uniformity of uptake and noise, and the CTN phantom demonstrated quantitative accuracy for both 18F and 89Zr. Significance. The performance evaluation of the updated PennPET Explorer demonstrates significant gains compared to conventional scanners and shows where the current NEMA standard needs to be updated for TB-PET systems. The comparisons of systems with and without inter-ring gaps demonstrate the performance trade-offs of a more cost-effective TB-PET system with incomplete detector coverage.
Evaluation of an MRI linac magnetic isocenter walkout with gantry rotation in the presence of angle-specific corrections
Authors: Lotey Rajiv , Latifi Kujtim , Moros Eduardo G , Feygelman Vladimir
Published: March 2023

Objective. To reduce the magnetic isocenter position variation with gantry rotation on an 0.35 T MRI-guided linac to a practically negligible level. Approach. Central fRequency (CF) offset, eddy current calibration, cross-term calibration, gradient delay, and gradient offsets are tuned for each MR linac installation at every 30° of gantry rotation and stored in a look-up table (LUT). During treatment, the CF is tuned only once in the beginning at an arbitrary gantry angle. After that, imaging paramters are offset based on the stored LUT values for any given gantry angle. Main results. For the same hardware configuration, the implementation of the gantry-angle-specific parameter corrections reduced the total isocenters range of travel in the transverse plane from 1.1 to 0.3 mm and from 0.8 to 0.2 mm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. With the longitudinal shift always being negligible (≤0.2 mm), the radius of the sphere encompassing the isocenter locations was reduced from 0.6 to 0.2 mm. Geometric distortion improved as well; in particular, the gantry-angle-averaged maximum longitudinal distortion within a 35 cm diameter sphere was reduced from 1.4 to 0.8 mm. Since the CF is tuned only once during treatment, imaging may resume promptly after the gantry reaches the next target position. Significance. The MRI-guided linear accelerator was conceived primarily as an instrument for precision image-guided therapy. Thus, it is important to keep the treatment and imaging isocentres as close as possible while minimizing the geometric distortion. The described solution reduces the walkout of the imaging isocenter to a fraction of 1 mm, while keeping geometric distortion in a substantial volume below 1 mm. The approach is robust and does not increase the overall procedure time.
Improvement of critical current density J
c in powder-in-tube rapid heating, quenching and transformation Nb3Al wires by doping with nano-SnO2
Authors: Yang Changkun , Qu Pengshuai , Li Shulong , Sun Xiaguang , Xu Min , Liu Lian , Chen Yong Liang , Wang Wentao , Zhang Yong , Feng Yong , Yu Zhou , Zhao Yong
Published: March 2023

We prepared Nb3Al superconducting wires doped with nano-size SnO2 (n-SiO2) particles through a multi-time rapid heating and quenching process and investigated their microstructure and superconducting properties. All the samples showed a highly homogeneous A15 Nb3Al phase. Compared with pure Nb3Al, the n-SnO2 doped Nb3Al wires presented a larger ΔT
c value and a higher J
c value. The best J
c at 4.2 K was found in the 1 wt% n-SnO2 doped Nb3Al sample, with 3.37 × 105 A cm−2, 2.55 × 105 A cm−2 and 1.80 × 105 A cm−2 at 8 T, 10 T and 12 T, respectively. These results were an improvement of about 60% compared with pure Nb3Al at the same applied fields. The maximum irreversible field value was obtained in the 1 wt% SnO2-doped Nb3Al wire, with a result of 29.5 T at 4.2 K. The improvement of J
c performance in the n-SnO2 doped Nb3Al wires might be attributed to the formation of artificial nanoparticles in the grain, which act as extra effective flux pinning centers.
Nonrelativistic quantum effects of the Lorentz symmetry violation on the Morse potential
Authors: Bakke K , Belich H
Published: March 2023

We search for Lorentz symmetry violation effects at low-energy regime by exploring the Dirac equation in (1 + 1)-dimensions and the possibility of dealing with quantum systems with spherical symmetry. We bring a discussion about the influence of the Lorentz symmetry violation effects on the spectrum of molecular vibrations caused by the coupling between a fixed vector field and the derivative of the fermionic field. Further, we discuss the influence of this Lorentz symmetry violation background on the revival time.
9th International Scientific Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Environmental Science
Authors: Semerikov S O , Khvostina I M , Horal L T , Solovieva V V
Published: March 2023

This paper represents a preface to the Proceedings of the 9th International Scientific Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Environmental Science (ISCSEES 2022) held worldwide on June 22–24 2022. Background information and the organizational structure of the meeting, program committee, and acknowledgments of the contributions of the many people who made the conference a success are presented.
Resource efficiency and pricing policy of industries the sustainable development context
Authors: Shmygol N , Łuczka W , Khvostina I , Chyba Z , Galtsova O
Published: March 2023

In the article, the authors analyzed the theoretical foundations of sustainable economic growth based on the research of modern foreign and domestic scientists. It is proved that the economy of the linear type has exhausted itself due to the effect of scale. That is why, today, one of the foreground of research areas among leading domestic and foreign scientists is the concept of sustainable development which should be based on cyclical or circular economy principles. One of the directions of development is working out methods of products price formation taking into account resource-efficient strategies. The article presents price equilibrium scenarios developed by the authors, which were implemented in the oil and gas industry based on business activities for 2015-2020. These scenarios were developed by the authors using Leontiev’s cross-industry model, which explores how do these changes can impact the performance of resource use, based on changes in direct cost ratios, value added ratios and intermediate consumption ratios.
Development of territorial communities: aspects of natural capital conservation and budget financing
Authors: Yakymchuk A , Panukhnyk O , Horal L , Hrynkevych S , Rohozian Y
Published: March 2023

The development of efficient local governance and establishment of comfortable conditions for the living activity are the major strategic tasks of the public governance and authorities’ decentralization system modernization that is currently underway in Ukraine. The complicated socio-environmental and economic situation faced by Ukraine due to the deployment of military and political events, the collapse of the national currency, the deformation of industrial infrastructure, the depletion of natural capital, the exhaustion of natural resources, the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19, and other destabilizing factors constitutes an incredibly high threat to the socio-political and economic security of the state as a whole and of each territorial community (TC). In this perspective, each element of the complex national economy system is important and should be translated into the principles of intellectualization in a strategic perspective. Today, the economic systems of both the state and the TCs are largely supported by international organizations – mainly through the provision of international loans and grants. The harmonization of national legislation on the preservation and reproduction of natural capital with European directives is the priority area of the foreign policy of Ukraine. Cooperation with international organizations sets a number of requirements for Ukraine, including the transparency of financial flows and natural capital accounting. Clear regulation of accounting, storage, and reproduction of natural capital is an urgent task of the public administration system. Taking into account the fact that climate security is a global problem, adaptation of national standards to European directives will make it possible to unify the information support of public finances and form a strategy for the development of natural capital. The main factors of economic efficiency in the Republic of Poland and Ukraine are compared. The research verifies the regression relationships between budget funding of territorial communities and the population of these territorial communities and provides conclusions about the efficiency of TCs’ funding in Ukraine.
Integrated approach to land management with self-sown forests in Ukraine
Authors: Stoiko N , Kostyshyn O , Cherechon O , Soltys O , Smoliarchuk M
Published: March 2023

Protection and recovery of land natural ecosystems is a relevant task of sustainable development. Natural recovery of forests is an important instrument to solve the problem. The article describes the integrated approach to management of land use with self-sown forests, which have become a wide-spread phenomenon on the agricultural lands in Polissia and Forest-Steppe zones of the western Ukraine. The authors conducted an interview, which demonstrated people’s attitude to self-afforestation of lands. The idea of protecting self-sown forests was supported by one third of the respondents. Among those, who wish to possess a land plot with forests, the main share is represented by people of the age category of 21-40 years old. The authors substantiate the potential value of ecosystem services, which can be supplied by self-sown forests by introducing different practices. A focus is made on the ecosystem benefits from protection of self-sown forests, which cannot be expressed in money terms, but are of environmental and social value for the community. A model of integrated management of agricultural lands with self-sown forests was developed. It is suggested to use planning as an instrument, which involves assessment of the potential of land and other resources, to determine alternatives of land use, considering economic and social conditions of the territory development and landscape characteristics. Ukraine should develop a policy, establish institutes and approve procedures intended to protect self-sown forests. In the future, it will reduce the area of ploughed land and improve biodiversity of the territory.
Education in the concept of circular economy in times of global crises
Authors: Gavkalova N , Lola Y , Poliakova H , Smalskis V , Tavshunskyi O
Published: March 2023

The article shows the relevance of transition to a cyclical economy in the society under the influence of global crises. Two hypotheses were proposed. Firstly, the formation of environmental values in Ukrainian society can be traced, which can create the basis for the transition of society to a circular economy model. Secondly, the important role of education in the implementation of the concepts of sustainable development and the circular economy has been confirmed, since it ensures the formation of environmental and economic consciousness, value orientations and social culture, trains specialists and develops the economy, in particular cyclical economy. To assess the hypotheses, the following were used: an online survey of representatives of the educational community. The results showed: 1) insufficient awareness of respondents about the nature of the circular economy; 2) the value of protecting the ecology of the region and the understanding of the importance of environmental protection in Ukrainian society are weak; 3) The most important problems include economic problems, but at the same time, environmental problems of the territories. An analysis of the scientific literature and coverage of foreign practical experience made it possible to determine the ways of developing education in support of sustainable development, the “green” and cyclical economy, the reorientation of higher and postgraduate education towards the training of specialists in the cyclical economy. The results can be useful in the formation and adaptation of educational and environmental strategies.
Structural changes in Ukraine’s electricity generation and their impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions
Authors: Kyzym M , Khaustova V , Horal L , Shpilevskiy V , Zinchenko V
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study is to assess the state of and structural changes in Ukraine’s electricity generation and their impact on the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For the investigation, data from the International Energy Agency and the National Power Company Ukrenergo were used. The study analyzes the trends in Ukraine CO2 emissions by economic sector, the trends in the country’s electricity generation and electricity generation capacities, the structure of electricity generation capacities by type of flexibility and presents the calculations of the integral coefficients of structural changes in the electricity generation capacities and electricity generation by type of flexibility. The study also examines how the structure of the energy sector of Ukraine has changed in terms of electricity generation. For this purpose, the structure of the Ukrainian electricity generation capacities and electricity generation by generation type is considered and the integral coefficients of structural changes in the electricity capacities and electricity production by generation type are calculated. Based on the study results, it is determined that, over the considered period, the decrease in Ukraine’s electricity generation was more significant than the decrease in its generation capacities, which has led to a corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions in the country; the structural changes in the electric power industry of Ukraine were not adequate to the structural changes in the country’s economy, which has led to a shortage in flexible capacities but also resulted in the reduction of CO2 emissions due to a decline in electricity generation.
Global trends in the behavior of consumers of retail enterprises in the digital economy
Authors: Kalashnikova T , Panchuk A , Bezuhla L , Vladyka Y , Kalaschnikov A
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is to identify the main changes that have taken place in the consumer behavior of retail enterprises under the influence of objective factors such as the transition to the digital economy, the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the transition of all businesses to new conditions of functioning. The authors present the directions of global changes in the motives, intentions, and means of purchase; identify the main drivers for the buyer in the new realities of retail trade. Based on the conducted primary and secondary researches features of consumer behavior both on a global, and regional scale are defined. The article reflects the changes in the channels of purchase of goods by category, as well as an assessment of the factors that cause feelings of consumer insecurity. The problems of Ukrainian trade enterprises are considered, taking into account the peculiarities of the behavior of Ukrainian consumers when making a purchase both physically and online. The problems that have arisen as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic are considered, and, taking into account the opinions of experts, conclusions are made on how retail companies will be able to adapt to the new conditions of the digital economy.
Influence of different hydroponic units on fish and plant performance and water quality in a snakehead fish-mint aquaponics system
Authors: Nguyen P C T , Tran Q N , Nguyen N H , Thai T T T , Nguyen N T
Published: March 2023

This study was done to assess the effect of two hydroponics cultivation (media bed (MB) and floating raft (FR)) on the performance of striped snakehead fish (SSF) (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) and mint (Mentha arvensis Linnaeus, 1953), and water quality parameters in the aquaponic system. Fish were cultured at a density of 500 fingerlings per m3 for 130 days. Mints were planted at densities of 40 and 34 lettuce m−2 in the MB and FR treatments, respectively, and had two cutting harvests. During the experimental period, levels of most water quality parameters analysed in the two treatments were in the optimal range for SSF and mint. After 130 days, all the growth performances and survival rates of fish in the FR treatment were higher than those in the MB treatment, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fish growth performance was similar to those reported in other RAS and aquaponics studies, whereas FCR was lower. For mint, the plant height and diameter in the MB were significantly higher than those in the FR, but the fresh biomass in the FR was significantly greater than that in the MB (P < 0.05). In general, these results implied that the FR unit is more effective than the MB for culturing SSF (C. striata) with mint (M. arvensis) in aquaponics.