bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Mode Decomposition in Magnetohydrodynamics Revisited
Authors: Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L. , Adhikari L. , Nakanotani M. , Pitňa A. , Telloni D. , Che H.
Published: August 2023

Small-amplitude fluctuations in the magnetized solar wind are measured typically by a single spacecraft. In the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) description, fluctuations are typically expressed in terms of the fundamental modes admitted by the system. An important question is how to resolve an observed set of fluctuations, typically plasma moments such as the density, velocity, pressure, and magnetic field fluctuations, into their constituent fundamental MHD modal components. Despite its importance in understanding the basic elements of waves and turbulence in the solar wind, this problem has not yet been fully resolved. Here, we introduce a new method that identifies between wave modes and advected structures such as magnetic islands or entropy modes and computes the phase information associated with the eligible MHD modes. The mode-decomposition method developed here identifies the admissible modes in an MHD plasma from a set of plasma and magnetic field fluctuations measured by a single spacecraft at a specific frequency and an inferred wavenumber
k

m
. We present data from three typical intervals measured by the Wind and Solar Orbiter spacecraft at ∼1 au and show how the new method identifies both propagating (wave) and nonpropagating (structures) modes, including entropy and magnetic island modes. This allows us to identify and characterize the separate MHD modes in an observed plasma parcel and to derive wavenumber spectra of entropic density, fast and slow magnetosonic, Alfvénic, and magnetic island fluctuations for the first time. These results help identify the fundamental building blocks of turbulence in the magnetized solar wind.
TaiCOL Scientific Names Management Tool: Rebuilding the National Checklist in Taiwan Based on References
Authors: Tsai Sz-Yi , Li Yi-Hsuan , Lee Jin-Ying , Chung Kuo-Fang
Published: August 2023

Many checklist databases encounter common challenges. While they may fulfill the requirements of scientific name collection and species inquiries successfully, they often fall short in recording and presenting diverse opinions on scientific name usage over time and among different scholars. Moreover, due to the rapidity of classification changes and limited workforce for database maintenance, these checklists usually cannot be updated promptly. Last but not least, exchanging checklists poses a complex challenge such as name matching for synonym, homonym, orthographic variations and misapplied names. Therefore, an ideal database design should maintain neutrality and objectivity by recording comprehensive taxonomic history information of scientific names. The database can then present multiple views on scientific name usage after integrating data, allowing users to judge and interpret for themselves.

“Catalogue of Life in Taiwan” (TaiCOL*1) is the national database established in 2003 aiming to provide the most updated species checklist of Taiwan. However, it faces the challenges aforementioned. To design the database model, we conducted a method study to investigate how taxonomy works. Our findings identified key concepts (e.g., scientific name, name usage, similarities or differences in name usage, and namespace) for building the database structure to connect and interpret nomenclatural and taxonomic information. Furthermore, to effectively manage the vast amount of complex taxonomic history, we aim to develop a tool as the core for TaiCOL data management, enabling taxonomy researchers to assist in enriching the content of the database while completing scientific names management and research work. Additionally, we surveyed the nomenclature codes (Ride 1999, Turland 2018) and interviewed taxonomists in zoological and botanical fields to understand their working methods, processes, and writing conventions. This ensured that our tool aligns with the taxonomy research workflow and meets the needs of various biological disciplines.

“Scientific Names Management Tool”*2 is now available for use and undergoing continuous optimization. It is not limited to use in Taiwan, but only scientific names labeled as "existing in Taiwan" will be integrated into the TaiCOL portal. For public use, the taxa are generated or updated for the TaiCOL portal through logical processing based on the latest classification results from the tool. Although the TaiCOL portal currently presents only one taxonomic view, the different usages of scientific names and various species information can be traced by giving the references. As for checklist exchange, in case of discrepancies or conflicts, alternative usages will be provided during name matching. In the future, users can have the option to choose references to obtain different taxonomic views of checklists.
Insider trading with dynamic asset under market makers' partial observations
Authors: Qiu Jixiu , Zhou Yonghui
Published: August 2023

This paper studies an extended continuous-time insider trading model of Calentey and Stacchetti (2010, Econometrica), which allows market makers to observe some partial information about a dynamic risky asset. For each of the two cases with trading until either a fixed time or a random time, we establish the existence and uniqueness of linear Bayesian equilibrium, consisting of insider trading intensity, price pressure on market orders and price pressure on asset observations. It shows that at each of the two equilibria, all information on the risky asset is incorporated in the market price and when the volatility of observation noise keeps constant, the more information observed by market makers, the smaller price pressure on market orders but the greater price pressure on asset observations such that the insider earns less profit and vice versa. It suggests that the partial observation of market makers weakens the information advantage of the insider, which prevents the insider from monopolizing the market to make excessive profit, then reduces the losses of noise traders, thus improving the fairness and effectiveness in the insider trading market.
Study on Processing Conditions for Semi-Solid Forging of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Furuta Shuji , Nakagawa Hiroki , Tanaka Tatsuya , Sasada Masahiro , Nishida Shinichi , Yasuhara Shun , Ueno Hayato
Published: August 2023

Magnesium alloy castings are mainly formed by the die casting method, but this method has the disadvantage that product properties such as strength vary due to many defects inherent in casting. In this study, AZX912 (a flame-retardant magnesium alloy with 2% calcium added to AZ91D alloy) was semi-solid forged using a servo press and die cushion system to stabilize product properties. Experiments were conducted to refine the α-phase and reduce the yield point, and the stirring speed was changed and its effect was investigated. Observation of the microstructure of the molded product using an optical microscope showed that the average grain size of the α-phase became smaller as the stirring speed increased. Tensile tests were conducted on specimens cut from the compacts, and the yield point increased as the stirring speed increased. This is thought to be due to compliance with Hall Petch's law. The microstructure of the molded product was observed under an optical microscope and showed a three-layer structure with a dendrite shape in the upper part (about 5%), a grain structure in the middle part (over 90%), and a chill layer in the lower part (less than 5%). Comparison of the thickness of the chill layer showed that the thickness of the chill layer decreased as the solidus ratio increased.
Study of Smart Bioactive Humic-Polymeric Hydrogel Transdermal Materials
Authors: Lebedeva Katerina , Cherkashina Anna , Tykhomyrova Tetyana , Lebedev Vladimir
Published: August 2023

In this study, smart bioactive humic-polymer hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate modified with humic acids have been developed and studied. A literature review was carried out and the prospects of using humic acids for a functional effect on the transdermal properties of a smart biologically active humic-polymer hydrogel have been proved. Based on the results of the experimental research of conditional viscosity and electrical conductivity, the chemical structures of the sodium alginate–gelatin systems modified with humic acids were proposed. The influence of the content of humic acids on the swelling degree and the moisture-lipid balance of the skin was studied. It was found that efficient processes for obtaining smart bioactive polymer-hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate can be carried out at concentrations of humic acids from 2.5 to 7.5 wt.%. Modification of these hydrogels with humic acids causes the formation of structures with a higher degree of crosslinking due to more hydrogen bonds, as well as the formation of more agglomerates. As an example of the practical use of the obtained smart bioactive transdermal materials, their suitability for use in cosmetic patches was confirmed by the results of the study of swelling and moisture-lipid balance of the skin in the area around the eyes. The prospect for the use of smart biologically active humic-polymeric transdermal hydrogel materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate modified by humic acids in cosmetic patches have been shown.
Finite Element Modeling and Verification of the Plunge Stage in Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Draganov Ivo , Gospodinov Danail , Radev Rossen , Ferdinandov Nikolay
Published: August 2023

In the present work, a finite element model of the first stage, plunge, of friction stir welding is considered. The welded parts are flat aluminum 1050 plates. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit is used. The material model of the welded parts is the Johnson-Cook law, and Coulomb’s law describes the friction between the tool and the weldment. Temperature field during the process is obtained, and the influence of the parameters concerning the algorithmic implementation of the finite element method is established. The simulation results are compared with experimental results obtained for this purpose.
Venting Systems in Semi-Solid Processing of Aluminium
Authors: Pammer Maria , Hofer-Hauser Peter , Jansson Per
Published: August 2023

In the automotive industry, casting products produced by high pressure die casting are essential. Due to the higher mechanical demands on these castings, the technological requirements of the process are also increasing. Therefore, the control of the microstructure and the development of defects play a major role. High pressure die casting parts made of aluminium usually contain gas porosity due to gas compression during the filling process of the cavity and the intensification during solidification. The use of semi-solid casting thus opens new doors to fulfil promising future demands. In this study, the venting system was adapted to the RheometalTM process of aluminium and designed in the form of gaps, thus ensuring better venting. Subsequently, the results obtained were compared with casting process simulations to highlight possible differences.
The effect of adding silver nanoparticles on the color stability of feldspathic porcelains
Authors: Nikanjam Saeed , Firouz Farnaz , Farmany Abbas , Farhadian Maryam , Shishean Arash , Masomian Zahra
Published: August 2023

Background:

This study aims to investigate the color stability of feldspathic porcelains with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Materials and Methods:

In this experimental study, feldspathic porcelain disks with AgNPs of 0 parts per million (ppm), 250 ppm, and 500 ppm were used (sample size = 180). These ceramic discs were subjected to thermocycling in tea, orange juice, and artificial saliva. The optical parameters of disks were measured before and after being immersed in the solutions. Then, the color change (ΔE 00) of the samples was measured by using the CIEDE 2000 formula. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. The level of significance was determined to be 0.05.

Results:

The results of the ANOVA test show that there was a significant difference in ΔE 00 (P ≤ 0.05). The maximum ΔE 00 was visible in the samples with AgNPs 0 ppm that were exposed to orange juice, and the minimum ΔE 00 was related to the disks with AgNPs 500 ppm in artificial saliva.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of this study, adding AgNPs to feldspathic porcelain increases the color stability of the ceramic discs.
Effect of active irrigation using shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming on dental pulp stem cell viability
Authors: Razavi Pouyan , Savadkouhi Sohrab Tour , Barikrow Nooshin , Jafari Aryan , Vatanpour Mehdi
Published: August 2023

Background:

Shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) is a novel irrigation activation method based on photoacoustic streaming. The aim of this study was to look into the impact of SWEEPS on the attachment and survival of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, 34 standardized root segments were randomly allocated into two groups: SWEEPS and the conventional conditioning group. After the irrigation human DPSCs were seeded on the internal walls of these samples, and the attachment and survival of 30 of them were assessed on different days. The remaining two samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis with the level of significance = 0.05.

Results:

The viability of DPSCs was significantly greater in the SWEEPS group in comparison with the conventional conditioning group (P = 0.029). Both groups have shown a significant increase in the viability of DPSCs over time (P = 0.0001, P = 0.003). SEM results have shown a smear layer-free surface with firmly attached DPSCs in the SWEEPS group.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicated that active irrigation using SWEEPS could provide a superior surface in terms of viability and attachment of DPSCs compared to the conventional conditioning method.
General dentists' awareness of orthodontic treatment needs of patients and their referral practices
Authors: Madani Seyedeh-Mahshad , Eslamipour Faezeh , Sadeghian Saeid , Tahani Bahareh
Published: August 2023

Background:

Since general dentists (GDs) usually act as the primary referral source for the patients in need of orthodontic treatments, having the proper knowledge and understanding of the accurate diagnosis of clinical situations is very important. The aim of this study was to assess GDs about the identification of orthodontic treatment needs and their referral practices.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in Iran 2020. A questionnaire consisting of three main parts was designed and distributed electronically among GDs. The first section included 11 image and scenario-based questions meant to assess the ability of GDs to correctly diagnose the orthodontic treatment needs of the patients. The next two parts were to assess the dentists' knowledge of the necessity of referral to an orthodontist with 11 questions, and the proper timing of orthodontic treatments with 8 questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26, by conducting Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and correlation tests α = 0.05.

Results:

Among 384 participated dentists, 50.3% (193) were female. The mean score of knowledge was 17.3 ± 3.5 out of 30. The highest percentage of good knowledge (70% of range) was related to the diagnosis of orthodontic problems, while the lowest one belonged to the referring pattern. There was a weak positive correlation between the working experience and the proper timing of referral (R = 0.15, P = 0.004 (. Kruskal–Wallis test also showed a significant difference between the total knowledge scores (P = 0.04) and the knowledge of the proper timing of treatment (P = 0.04) based on the age groups of participants. Eighty-seven percentage (n = 334) reported that they would refer the patients in need of orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion:

The knowledge level of orthodontic treatment needs among GDs was moderate, thus emphasizing the importance of planning more educational courses for them to improve their knowledge, thus reducing the possible detriments of postponed or inaccurate treatments.
Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome (ACS) or Idiopathic Sclerosing Peritonitis: An Extremely Rare Cause of Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Surriah Mohammed Hillu
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Abdominal cocoon syndrome is an extremely rare cause of intestinal obstruction in which loops of small bowel are encapsulated by a fibro-collagenous membrane. This condition is also known in the literature as sclerosing peritonitis, and in the majority of cases, it has no known cause. The majority of patients exhibit long-standing signs and symptoms of partial intestinal obstruction. Presentation of case: A 15-year-old female patient presented with complete intestinal obstruction with no known co-morbidity and no history of prior laparotomy. Intraoperatively, the entire small bowel was found to be encapsulated by a dense fibrous sac. The peritoneal sac was excised, followed by lysis of the inter-loop adhesions with appendicectomy done at the same time. Discussion: Most patients with abdominal cocoon syndrome present with features of recurrent acute or chronic small bowel obstruction secondary to kinking and/or compression of the intestines within the constricting cocoon. An abdominal mass may also be present due to an encapsulated cluster of dilated small bowel loops. Conclusions: Abdominal cocoon is a rare condition causing intestinal obstruction, and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion because of the non-specific clinical picture. Contrast-enhanced CT-scan (CT) of the abdomen is a useful radiological tool to aid in preoperative diagnosis. Peritoneal sac excision and adhesiolysis is the treatment, and the outcome is usually satisfactory.
Clinical Inertia: A Wider Perspective and Proposed Classification Criteria
Authors: Raveendran Arkiath Veettil
Published: August 2023

Clinical inertia is very common in day-to-day practice, and the factors contributing to that can be physician-related, patient-related, or health-care-related. Clinical inertia is commonly described in chronic asymptomatic illness. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for original articles and reviews. Based on the search result, in this review article, we redefine various terminologies to avoid confusion and propose classification criteria for the early identification of clinical inertia. Clinical inertia is also present in acute illness and in symptomatic disease. Early identification of clinical inertia is difficult because of very vague terminologies which have been used interchangeably as well as because of the lack of definitive classification criteria. In this article, we redefine clinical inertia and propose criteria for early identification, which will be useful for both clinicians and academicians. This review will help clinicians to identify and rectify various aspects of clinical inertia.
Incidence of Prediabetes/Diabetes among Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Gupta Yashdeep , Kubihal Suraj , Shalimar  , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Goyal Ankur , Goyal Alpesh , Kalaivani Mani , Tandon Nikhil
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:

This prospective longitudinal study aims to evaluate and compare the incidence of prediabetes/diabetes among women stratified at the baseline postpartum visit according to the prior GDM and NAFLD status.

Methods:

Of the 309 women with baseline postpartum assessment at a median of 16 months following the index delivery, 200 (64.7%) [GDM: 137 (68.5%), normoglycaemia: 63 (31.5%)] were available for the follow-up analysis (performed at median of 54 months following the index delivery) and were participants for this study. We obtained relevant demographic, medical and obstetric details and performed a 75 g OGTT with glucose estimation at 0 and 120 min. NAFLD status was defined by ultrasonography at the baseline visit. Participants were divided into four groups: no NAFLD and no prior GDM (group 1), NAFLD but no prior GDM (group 2), prior GDM but no NAFLD (group 3), and NAFLD and prior GDM (group 4).

Results:

The mean age of study participants (n = 200) was 32.2 ± 5.1 years, and the mean interval between the two visits was 34.8 ± 5.5 months. A total of 74 (37%) women had progression to prediabetes/diabetes [incidence rate of 12.8/100 woman-years]. The incidence rates (per 100 woman-years) were 8.6, 8.9, 13.4 and 15.3 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for incident (new-onset) prediabetes/diabetes in group 4 (reference: group 1) was 1.99 (95% CI 0.80, 4.96, P = 0.140). Among women with baseline NAFLD (irrespective of GDM status), the risk of incident prediabetes/diabetes increased with an increase in the duration of follow-up (3.03-fold higher per year of follow-up, P = 0.029) and was significantly higher in women who were not employed (6.43, 95% CI 1.74, 23.7, P = 0.005) and in women with GDM requiring insulin/metformin during pregnancy (4.46, 95% CI 1.27, 15.64, P = 0.019).

Conclusion:

NAFLD and GDM increased the risk for glycaemic deterioration in young Indian women. Future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioural interventions in such high-risk women.
Intraocular Pressure Variation in Response to Yoga Ocular Exercises
Authors: Gupta Satish Kumar , Aparna S.
Published: August 2023

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) beyond the normal range (10–21 mmHg) plays a major role in optic nerve damage in long run, leading to glaucoma. This report describes a case of an individual with raised IOP (baseline), i.e., 25 mmHg in the right eye (RE) and 24 mmHg in the left eye (LE). Optical coherence tomography reported a mild optic disc cupping in both eyes with the cup: disc ratio of 0.68:1 in RE and 0.54:1 in LE. The anterior chamber angle and visual fields were normal in both eyes. The clinical findings revealed a diagnosis of “non-glaucomatous optic disc cupping” in both eyes. The patient was advised to practice yoga ocular exercises for 30 min/day for 5 days a week for upto 6 weeks. The IOP was measured for both eyes at the end of each week for upto 6 weeks, and then, the patient was followed up after 1 month, 2 months, and 10 months. The baseline IOP significantly reduced to 16 mmHg in RE and 15 mmHg in LE after 6 weeks, which suddenly elevated to 22 mmHg in RE and 21 mmHg in LE after 1 month of exercises cessation. All other ocular parameters were stable at 10 months follow-up. The yoga ocular exercises exhibit a significant reduction in IOP until they are practiced and demonstrate a rebound effect as well. Hence, it can be considered an adjunct therapy for the treatment and management of various ocular diseases associated with ocular hypertension such as glaucoma.
Addressing Intersectionality through Medical Pluralism
Authors: Singh Mahi
Published: August 2023

As the world experiences rapid industrialization and we stray away from deeper aspects of being, there is an alarming increase in problems related to mental health. A paucity of mental health professionals burdens health-care systems worldwide, and this problem has become more evident postpandemic. Such a situation indicates a gap that indigenous healing systems can bridge. This article aims to recognize the role of indigenous healing systems in mental health promotion. We also focus on how alternative medicine addresses cultural differences in mental health. After a brief comparison between conventional and alternative medicine, we explore possibilities for collaboration between the two. Findings suggest that individuals in emerging and low-income countries widely resorted to alternative medicine. It has a comprehensive set of benefits but also has its limitations as it is a loosely regulated field. Alternative practices remain a popular healthcare choice in emerging countries, and combining them with conventional medicine opens up new possibilities for holistic healing and decolonizing narratives in mental health.
Comparison of core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration methods in CT-guided percutaneous sampling of pancreatic tumors
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Huang Wei , Wang Shenjie , Wu Zhiyuan , Wang Ziyin , Ding Xiaoyi , Wang Zhongmin
Published: August 2023

Aims:

To compare the diagnostic efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for pancreatic lesions.

Methods and Material:

A total of 176 patients with 176 pancreatic lesions who visited our hospital between January 2016 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into three groups: FNA group A (<1.5 cm between the lesion and great vessels necessitating FNA), FNA group B, and CNB (the latter two with ≥1.5 cm between the lesion and great vessels necessitating FNA). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and postoperative. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0.

Results:

One hundred and seventy six patient’s specimens all met the requirements. There were no statistically significant differences in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy between the CNB group and FNA group B, (P > 0.05). Thirteen samples submitted for genetic testing (5 in CNB group, 4 in each of the FNA groups A and B) all met the standards of next-generation sequencing gene detection. The main complications of these groups included abdominal pain, fever, and hyperamylasemia.

Conclusions:

CT-guided percutaneous FNA and CNB have similar diagnostic efficacy for pancreatic biopsy. Furthermore, FNA has a wide range of puncture indications and is very safe. Like CNB, the obtained tissue through FNA can be genetically tested to guide clinical treatment.
Clinical features and outcomes analysis of Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Man , Zhang Yijing
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is an uncommon and highly malignant tumor. This research aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of GB-NEC.

Materials and Methods:

Our survey of case reports from January 2000 to May 2022 screened a total of 84 patients with complete data who received surgical resection for gallbladder NEC. Log-rank generated survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method for univariate survival analysis. To identify GB-NEC independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (OS), univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted.

Results:

These patients consisted of 25 men and 59 women, with an average age of 60 (range 29–85). Patients under 60 years old made up 44% of the population, while patients over 60 made up 56%. Fifty-three tumors were advanced pathologic TNM stage III and IV. After surgery, 44 patients underwent chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The median OS of 84 patients with GB-NEC was 16.8 months. In univariate and multivariate analysis, tumor size (diameter ≥5 cm), TNM tumor stage, and the receipt of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy are independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with GB-NEC.

Conclusion:

Tumor size (diameter ≥5 cm) and TNM tumor stage were independently related to a shorter OS. An enhanced OS was independently linked to receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Colitis induced by PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum-containing dual drug chemotherapy in Lewis mice and its mechanism
Authors: Li Chunhai , Wang Lixin , Sun Daqian , Yao Tianxiao , Xian Xiuying , Cheng Yufeng
Published: August 2023

Aims:

To explore the occurrence and possible mechanism of colitis in Lewis mice treated with PD-1 inhibitor combined with platinum-containing dual drug chemotherapy.

Subjects and Methods:

A Lewis lung cancer model of C57BL/6 mice was established, randomly divided into the treatment group (group C, PD-1 inhibitor + Carboplatin (CARB) + Pemetrexed (PEM)) and model group (group B, normal saline), and a control group (group A, normal saline) was set up. Observe the changes in tumor-free weight, tumor volume, disease activity index (DAI), colon histopathology, identify serum interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, the expression of claudin-1, and occludin mRNA in the colon in each animals.

Results:

Compared with group A, the tumor-free weight of mice in B decreased (P < 0.001), the content of IL-10 in serum increased (P < 0.01), the content of IFN-γ in serum decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with group B, the transplanted tumor volume in C was reduced (P < 0.05), DAI scores of D4 (P < 0.001), and D7 (P < 0.001) were increased, colonic histopathology analysis showed that colitis occurred, serum IL-10 content was decreased (P < 0.05), IFN-γ content was increased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of claudin-1 (P < 0.05) and occludin (P < 0.05) was reduced.

Conclusions:

This treatment can inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors but will cause colitis in Lewis mice. The impairment of intestinal barrier function following administration cause an imbalance in the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the colon, thus causing colitis.
Efficacy and safety of CalliSpheres® Microsphere transcatheter-arterial chemoembolization versus conventional TACE in treating renal angiomyolipoma patients
Authors: Lyu Tianshi , Wang Jian , Tong Xiaoqiang , Mi Tianai , An Chao , Zou Yinghua
Published: August 2023

Objective:

Transcatheter-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a well-established interventional technique for various tumor treatments, whereas its application in renal angiomyolipoma (RAML) is seldom reported. Conventional TACE (cTACE) with bleomycin–lipiodol emulsion is effective and tolerable for RAML treatment. In this study, we aimed to further explore the efficacy and safety between bleomycin-loaded CalliSpheres® microsphere TACE (CSM-TACE) and cTACE in treating RAML patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 54 RAML patients treated by CSM-TACE (n = 17) or cTACE (n = 37). Data on tumor size, tumor volume reduction ratio, patient percentage with tumor size reduction, white blood cells (WBCs), creatinine (Cre) after treatment, complications, and adverse events were retrieved.

Results:

Tumor size (88.66 vs. 81.19 cm3, P = 0.970), patient percentage with tumor size reduction (12 [70.59%] vs. 30 [81.08%], P = 0.486) after treatment, WBCs (P = 0.114), Cre (P = 0.659), and change in Cre after treatment (P = 0.947) were not significantly different between groups, whereas tumor volume reduction ratio was slightly lower in the CSM-TACE group than in the cTACE group (12 ± 34% vs. 32 ± 31%, P = 0.047). The most common postoperative complication was a post-embolization syndrome, including fever, nausea, and abdominal pain, which occurred in 9 (52.94%) and 14 (37.84%) patients from the CSM-TACE and cTACE groups, respectively (P = 0.347).

Conclusion:

CSM-TACE is effective in and well tolerated by RAML patients, implying its potential as an alternative therapy.
Clinical features and prognosis of advanced intra- and extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yun , Guo Ning-Jing , Guo Pei-Lin , Yang Fan , Luo Qiong , Yang Sheng , Chen Xiang-Qi
Published: August 2023

Objective:

We examined the clinical features and prognosis of advanced intra- and extra-pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) to offer additional guidance for the clinical treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is a type of advanced intrapulmonary NEC (IPNECs).

Materials and Methods:

The clinical data and survival of 123 patients with advanced IPNECs and extrapulmonary NECs (EPNECs) were obtained. We retrospectively examined the corresponding clinical diagnosis and treatment and investigated the significant factors influencing the survival prognosis of patients with NECs.

Results:

There were 90 cases of IPNECs (including 81 cases of SCLC), and 33 cases of EPNECs. The median overall survival (OS) of IPNECs was significantly longer than that of the EPNECs in the gastrointestinal tract and in the other regions (P < 0.05). The median OS of patients with other IPNECs was longer than that of patients with SCLC (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, liver metastasis, number of cycles of first-line chemotherapy, and chest radiotherapy were risk factors influencing OS in patients with NECs (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The survival of IPNECs was significantly longer than that of EPNECs in the gastrointestinal tract and other regions. Nevertheless, patients with advanced NECs who were older and had liver metastases had a poorer prognosis. Multidisciplinary treatments including multicycle chemotherapy and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy should function significantly in extending the survival of NECs.
Bilateral Wilms tumor in a patient with a horseshoe and duplex kidney: A case report
Authors: Wu Xuemin , Du Guoqiang , Liu Zhaoquan , Wu Rongde , Liu Wei
Published: August 2023

The occurrence of horseshoe kidney with duplex urinary collecting systems is rare. Herein, we report a case of bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT) in a patient with a concurrent horseshoe kidney and left duplex kidney, which had not been previously reported. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor recurred 6 months postoperatively. A second resection was performed, followed by the administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient passed away 15 months after the initial diagnosis of BWT.
Effects of iodine-125 seed brachytherapy on patients with heterochronous pulmonary metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Yang Chongshuang , He Chuang , Yu Songtao , Yuan Jing , Xiao Yunhua , Huang Xuequan
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the effects of iodine-125 seed brachytherapy (ISB) on the overall survival (OS) of patients with heterochronous pulmonary metastasis (HPM) secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and Methods:

The clinical and imaging data of 123 patients with HPM secondary to HCC treated at a single center from July 2012 to July 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into ISB and non-ISB groups based on ISB treatment. Propensity score matching yielded 46 pairs of patients. A total of 191 lesions were treated, and the data were evaluated for 6 months after ISB. The OS rates of the two groups were compared using theKaplan–Meiermethod. Independent prognostic factors were determined using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results:

The percentages of lung lesions in complete remission, partial remission, disease stable, and disease progression stages were 49.2%, 32.8%, 9.6%, and 8.4%, respectively. The disease control rate was 91.6%. The median follow-up time from the initial diagnosis was 47 months and 33 months for the ISB and non-ISB groups, respectively. Patients in the ISB group had a longer OS than those in the non-ISB group (1-year: 95.7% vs. 80.3%; 3-year: 62.9% vs. 45.7%; 5-year: 37% vs. 20.9%;P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ISB treatment, tumor differentiation, vascular invasion, and Child − Pugh score were independent prognostic factors for survival.

Conclusion:

ISB improves local control and OS rates of HPM secondary to HCC; thus, it is an effective and feasible option for patients with HPM secondary to HCC.
Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in the urban field practice area of AIIMS Raipur: A community-based screening survey
Authors: Krishna Ekta , Pal Anjali , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Shukla Arvind Kumar , Parija Pragyan Paramita , Pathak Vineet Kumar , Rajath Rao UR , Naik Bijaya Nanda
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) increases the risk of severe consequences such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertensive retinopathy, heart failure, and stroke. Population-based screening can be used to expose the hidden diseased mass with active disease. Thus, a screening survey was conducted to estimate the proportion of people with HTN among apparently healthy adults of age ≥30 years residing at the urban field practice area (UHTC) of AIIMS, Raipur, and also determine the predictors of undiagnosed HTN among the study participants.

Methodology:

This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted over 2 months duration in the Ramnagar area, which comes under the urban field practice area of AIIMS Raipur using the STEPS tool is an acronym of study tool provided by WHO i.e. STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance consisting of three steps viz. questionnaire for behavioural risk factors, physical measurements and biochemical measurements.

Results:

In this study, 24.2% (95%, confidence interval [CI]: 20.1–28.2) of participants screened positive for HTN. The proportion of males who screened positive for HTN was 28.8% (95% CI: 22.6–35), whereas the proportion of females who screened positive for HTN was 19.6% (95% CI: 14.3–25). In this study, elderly (>60 years), male gender, daily tobacco use, greater waist circumference (male >90 cm and female >80 cm), and daily salt intake of more than 5 g were found to have higher odds of having HTN.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the UHTC of AIIMS Raipur was quite high.
Knowledge of schoolteachers on learning disabilities in urban Vellore - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jebakumar Daniel , Marconi Sam , Kattula Dheeraj , Priscilla Ruby A.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Specific learning disability (SLD) is a cognitive neurobiological disorder caused by atypical brain functioning. SLD is recognized when the individual’s achievement in school is below that expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence. Screening millions of students with SLD by health personnel is a logistical impossibility. Awareness and knowledge about learning disorders among schoolteachers may play a major role in the early identification and management of children with these disorders. Therefore, the assessment of teachers’ knowledge and perceptions about learning disabilities (LDs) is relevant.

Method:

A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among teachers in government/government-aided and private schools in Vellore, India. The participants were selected by a simple random sampling method. There was a total of 80 teachers included in the study. Data capture was done using a questionnaire. A Chi-square test was done to test the association and the odds ratio test helped determine the strength of the association. A P-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

The majority of the teachers (70%) had adequate general knowledge regarding LDs. When analyzed separately, 82.5% of government/aided teachers and only 57.5% of teachers were having adequate general knowledge regarding LDs. There was a significant association between the type of school and general knowledge regarding LDs. Government/aided teachers had better general knowledge regarding LDs and dyslexia than private teachers.

Conclusions:

Among 80 teachers, 70% (56) of them had adequate general knowledge regarding LDs. When analyzed separately, 82.5% (33) of government/aided teachers and only 57.5% (23) teachers were having adequate general knowledge regarding LDs. The government/aided schoolteachers had significantly higher levels of knowledge in most domains of the general knowledge section as compared to private schoolteachers. If teachers are having adequate knowledge regarding LDs, it will significantly increase the chances of children with LDs getting detected early and undergoing the treatment they require. Teacher education programs and workshops are needed to be conducted at regular intervals to improve the knowledge regarding SLDs among teachers.
Clinical profile of hospitalised moderate category COVID-19 patients: Short study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Delhi
Authors: Gautam Sachin , Kumar Rahul , Bhadoria Dharam Pal , Mawari Govind , Kumar Naresh , Daga Mradul K. , Pandit Sanjay , Anuradha S. , Pradhan Gaurav Shanker , Garg Sandeep , Sharma Gaurav , Raghu RV , Ritchie Nupur , Jayamsulekha Dasari
Published: August 2023

Background:

The clinical profile of hospitalized moderate-category COVID-19 patients has been understudied globally and in India.

Aim:

The present study was conducted to study the clinical profile and assess the proportions of patients who progressed to severe disease and its predictors among moderate COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:

In this single-center observational study, 100 moderate-category COVID-19 patients as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) criteria of age ≥18 years of either sex, excluding pregnant females from February to November 2021, were studied by analyzing their clinical profiles and assessing Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS-2), and chest computed-tomography severity score (CTSS) to predict progression to severe disease. Severe disease was defined as per MoHFW criteria.

Results:

Out of 100 moderate-category COVID-19 patients, progression to severe disease was seen in 11 patients (11%), among which eight patients had expired, three patients were discharged, and the rest of the 89 patients (89%) who did not progress to severe disease were discharged. A higher age (62.2± 19.5 vs 54.8 ± 14.6 years), along with multivariate analysis revealing male sex (1.25 times), chronic kidney disease (2.86 times), leukocytosis (6.10 times), thrombocytopenia (1.04 times), anemia (9.3 times), a higher qSOFA score (3.6 times), and a higher NEWS-2 score on admission (1.56 times) had higher odds of progression to severe disease. A significant correlation (P < .05) of qSOFA score with serum LDH, ferritin, and hs-CRP levels; CT severity score with the serum ferritin, IL-6, and LDH levels; and NEWS-2 with serum LDH, hs-CRP, and ferritin levels were found. Moreover, the NEWS-2 score was found slightly better than qSOFA on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with an area under the curve of 85.8% and 83.2%, respectively, predicting progression to severe disease.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed male gender, chronic kidney disease, leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, a higher qSOFA and NEWS-2 score on admission, and further, NEWS-2 score better than qSOFA on ROC curve analysis, with an area under the curve of 85.8% and 83.2%, respectively, in predicting severe disease among hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients.
Haematological screening and its correlation with sociodemographic profile among the indigenous communities in and around Puducherry
Authors: Kar Rakhee , Anand Jeyanthi , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Banu Narkiss , Kuppusamy Dheebika , Sivanantham Parthibane , Bhattacharyya Maitreyee
Published: August 2023

Background:

Haemoglobin disorders are unique and important health challenges for tribal populations. Hence, this study was undertaken with the aim to screen for haematological disorders, particularly anaemia and haemoglobinopathies, and to assess the sociodemographic profile in indigenous communities residing in and around Puducherry.

Methods:

This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in both urban and rural areas of Puducherry district. We included 556 participants through convenient sampling. Trained research associates visited community to enrol eligible participants and sought information on sociodemographic parameters, health status, and disease profile, using a structured questionnaire; 2–3 ml of blood was collected in ethylene diamine tetra acid anticoagulant for analysis of haematology parameters.

Results:

Median age of participants was 28 (17–42) years. Majority (58.8%) of the participants were female, married (52.8%). On thalassemia screening, none of the study participants had any haemoglobinopathy. The burden of anaemia among the study population was 38.7% (95% CI: 34.6–42.8%) and was higher among the female participants in both adolescent (54.5%) and adult (57.8%) age groups. The next common haematological abnormality observed was eosinophilia 21.4% (95% CI: 18–25%), more prevalent among males in the age group of 30–60 years.

Conclusion:

More than half of the women were anaemic. Multidimensional planning and implementation are needed to improve the socio-economic profile and overall health of this vulnerable population.
Evaluation of community-based care delivered by primary healthcare providers in management of hypertension in a rural area of West Bengal
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Prianka , De Maumita , Lahiri Surajit , Sarkar Manisha , Haldar Anima
Published: August 2023

Background:

Lifestyle modifications and medication compliance are key strategies.

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of community-based care delivered by trained primary healthcare providers in management of hypertension.

Materials and Methods:

A longitudinal study was conducted between two groups of newly diagnosed hypertensive patients to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention. Six blocks in a district were chosen with pairwise matching. All primary healthcare providers of one block in each pair were randomized to receive the intervention and the other was controlled. Next screening for risk factors, detection of hypertension, counseling, and follow-up care were provided. The patients within the control group received usual care as per clinician’s discretion. A total of 227 patients in the “study” group and 230 patients in the “control” group were recruited from 12 subcenters selected randomly. Data analysis was done by χ2 test, t test, and GLM analysis using SPSS 16.

Results:

Patients in the intervention blocks demonstrated a statistically significant mean reduction in SBP of 16.14 ± 0.82 and DBP by 11.65 ± 0.53 compared to 9.83 ± 1.02 and 7.68 ± 0.66, respectively, in the control blocks after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline blood pressure at one-year follow-up. Regarding lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the intervention group.

Conclusion:

The study supports and reinforces the utilization of trained primary healthcare providers under the NPCDCS program in screening and promoting blood pressure control by preventive services to hypertensive patients in the community.