bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and standardization of tools for measuring the tendency to modernity in students
Authors: Pashm Foroush Maryam , Karami Abolfazl , Moradi Shahab , Sedaghat Mastooreh
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: The issue of transition from traditional society to modern society has been one of the main topics of sociology since the end of World War I. The aim of this study was to construct and standardize the modernity tendency questionnaire by analyzing the factors and measuring its validity and reliability. Methods: The present study was exploratory. The statistical population of this study was all students studying in the academic year of 2008-2009 in Payame Noor Universities in Tehran province. For this purpose, 895 students of Payame Noor University of Tehran completed the designed tool in the academic year of 2008-19. For this purpose, first, the theoretical foundations of previous researches were studied and then a questionnaire was designed based on the areas of the mentioned structure obtained from the study of the resources. After examining the face and content validity of the questions made in relation to each subtest and removing inappropriate questions from it, a total of 58 questions were selected for final implementation on the sample by multistage cluster random sampling. Principal component analysis and varimax rotation method and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retesting were investigated. Results: The results showed that the sampling quality index (KMO) was 0.828 and the significance level of Bartlett's spherical test was less than 0.001. Five factors were extracted from the set of questions, of which 48.2% of the total variance is explained. The first factor with a specific value of 10.8 equal to 22.5% of the total variance and finally the fifth factor with a special value of 2.4 about 5.1% justifies the variance of the total variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the components of the tendency to modernism questionnaire between 0.69 and 90, indicating the appropriate validity of this tool. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the modernity tendency questionnaire in students has good validity and reliability for future research in Iran.
Modeling the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Differentiation with the Mediation of Early Self-Expression and Identity for the Purpose of Adolescent Educational Cultural Pathology
Authors: Ferdowsi Farshad , Vakili Najmeh
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: One of the most important characteristics of adolescence is early puberty and identity changes, in the meantime, if the management of identity changes and educational and cultural issues of adolescents are not addressed, they may suffer many injuries in the next period of life. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to model the relationship between self-esteem and differentiation with the mediation of early self-expression and identity for the purpose of cultural pathology of adolescence. Methods: This research was applied in terms of quantitative method (descriptive-correlation) and in terms of purpose. The statistical population included the second high school students of district 1 of Tehran, 384 of whom were randomly selected based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool also included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to verify the formal and content validity of the researcher-made questionnaire from the opinions of experts, and for the validity of the interviews, the method of transferability and review by members was used. Cronbach's alpha formula was used to calculate reliability in the quantitative part. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equivalent modeling) were used for experiment and data analysis. Results: The findings showed that self-esteem with differentiation had a beta coefficient and a significant level (R2=0.101 and P<0.05). Self-expression with differentiation had a beta coefficient and significance level (R2=133 and P<0.05) and early identity also had a beta coefficient and significance level with differentiation (R2=0.369 and P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that self-esteem has a significant relationship with the mediation of early self-expression and identity, and therefore, the planners of the country's educational and cultural system can reduce the cultural and educational damage to self-esteem and Pay attention to the differentiation of young people along with other factors.
Investigating the psychological status of children of divorce in adulthood using a qualitative method
Authors: Khandandel Sahar , Mohammadzadeh Rajabali , Abbasi Asfajir Ali Asghar , Sadeghi Jamal
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: Divorce is one of the most important phenomena of human life, which disturbs not only couples' mental balance, but also children's mental balance. Based on this, it becomes important to study the psychological status of children of divorce in adulthood, with the understanding of this importance, the present study was conducted to investigate the psychological status of children of divorce in adulthood. Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants included the children of divorce in Tehran, who had been divorced for 10 years, and 18 people were selected as key informants through the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of review by participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The research findings showed that the psychological status of children of divorce has positive and negative indicators in both childhood and adulthood dimensions. Conclusion: The positive aspect of childhood is companionship and empathy with the guardian parent, support and warmth of the guardian parent, liberation and satisfaction of the guardian parent. Among other positive indicators, we can mention the feeling of satisfaction with life without conflict and conflict, support from others (family and friends). Negative indicators such as loss of family, fear of telling the truth because of people's judgments, children experience a kind of fear and apprehension after the divorce and following the events that happened during the separation process and after; Not having or lack of intimate relationships, being rejected, losing a supporter, having difficulty in arranging the daily affairs of life, creating contexts according to personal values and needs.
Comparison of the effectiveness of compassionate mind-based therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on cognitive deficits, emotional processing defects and impulsivity of adolescent soldiers aged 18 to 20 years with high-risk behaviors
Authors: Shamsnajafi Zahra Sadat , Hasanzadeh Ramezan , Emadian Seyyedeh Olia
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: High-risk behaviors are behaviors that increase the likelihood of physical, psychological and social disastrous consequences for the individual. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of compassionate mind therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on cognitive deficits, emotional processing defects and impulsivity of adolescent soldiers aged 18 to 20 years with high-risk behaviors. Methods: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a follow-up group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescent soldiers aged 18 to 20 years who referred to Valiasr Medical Center in Tehran in 2020. The sample selection process in the present study consisted of two stages: The first stage was done by purposeful sampling method of high-risk behaviors questionnaire to screen soldiers referred to Valiasr Medical Center in Tehran and among those who received a score higher than the screening method 50 people were selected based on the completion of the consent form for participation in the research as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 45 people (15 people in the first experimental group, 15 people in the second experimental group and 15 people in the control) and specialized in 3 groups at random. To collect data, Iranian adolescents' risk questionnaires, cognitive deficits, Toronto Alexithymia scale, and Impulsivity Scale were used. Results: A pairwise comparison between the two treatment groups showed that cognitive deficits in the two treatment groups of compassion (I-J=7.20; P<0.01) and dialectical behavior therapy (I-J=8.66; P<0.01), Was significant from pre-test to post-test in contrast to control group (I-J=1.56; P<0.05); Also, the study of emotional processing deficits shows that only the dialectical behavior therapy group (I-J=12.73; P<0.01) was significant from pre-test to post-test. Also, the study of impulsivity in treatment groups shows that only compassion treatment was effective in reducing impulsivity (I-J=7.66; P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it seems that with compassionate practice and increasing positive emotions, a person's behavioral-intellectual treasury expands, which can it provided the basis for problem-solving and the reduction of conflicts between intrapersonal and interpersonal emotions, thereby reducing impulsivity and risky behaviors.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL COMMUNICATION, RESPONSIBILITY, AND WORK LOYALTY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Riski Ulan Sari  , Januar Eky Pambudi
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the influence of Internal Communication, Responsibility, and Loyalty on Employee Performance at Daar-Huda Islamic Boarding School. The sample of this study amounted to 60 respondents with a descriptive approach using quantitative methods, with the help of SPSS software version 26. Sampling using saturated sampling techniques using the entire population as a sample. The results showed that: 1) Internal Communication has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. 2) Responsibility has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. 3) Work Loyalty has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. 4) Internal Communication, Responsibility and Work Loyalty have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The implications of this study show that Internal Communication, Responsibility and Work Loyalty can improve Employee Performance at Daar El-Huda Islamic Boarding School.
SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL E ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Loic Hernandez do Amaral e Aragão  , Franciele da Silva Santos
Published: February 2024

Pernambuco apresenta um número expressivo de Acidentes de Trabalho (AT), levando-nos a considerar a importância das ações de Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora (VISAT), no contexto da Atenção Básica (AB), e realizar a análise dos registros de AT, caracterizando as atribuições da VISAT intermediando o trabalho e o potencial laboral. Este é um estudo exploratório documental quali-quantitativo, utilizando-se as Bases de Dados Históricos de Acidentes de Trabalho para traçar o perfil dos AT em Pernambuco, e documentos oficiais para análise das atribuições da VISAT na AB. Houve maior prevalência para AT típicos em homens de 20 a 29 anos, nos setores secundário e terciário da economia. Além disso, no contexto da AB, as ações da VISAT podem garantir o exercício laboral saudável e seguro, pois, dentre as suas atribuições, incluem-se as instervenções sobre os determinantes de saúde, com enfoque em atividades preventivas e de promoção em saúde.
EFEITOS DA LEGISLAÇÃO TRABALHISTA SOBRE O MERCADO DE TRABALHO BRASILEIRO DE 2003 A 2018
Authors: Vargas Juliano , Pereira dos Santos Gabriella
Published: February 2024

O artigo examina os efeitos da legislação trabalhista sobre o mercado de trabalho brasileiro de 2003 a 2018, dividido em dois períodos: i) 2003-2014, que apresentou resultados favoráveis quanto à geração de emprego e renda, ainda que sob modificações jurídicas ambíguas; ii) 2015-2018, em que especialmente a reforma trabalhista de 2017 tem reconfigurado o mercado de trabalho sem surtir as consequências socioeconômicas apregoadas pelos defensores de tais reformas. Conclui-se que a justificativa de se sanear as contas públicas tem relevância em meio à estagnação econômica, mas o dilema está na escolha de quem deve contribuir mais proporcionalmente para sua resolução. Pelo potencial efeito da legislação trabalhista, deve-se emular um regramento jurídico que sane divergências e oriente condutas que melhorem as correlações de forças nesta seara.
DETERMINANTES DAS TRANSIÇÕES NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO BRASILEIRO, CRISE ECONÔMICA E DESIGUALDADE RACIAL:
Authors: Wroblevski Bruno , Silva da Cunha Marina
Published: February 2024

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar os determinantes das transições no mercado de trabalho brasileiro entre os estados de ocupação, desocupação e inatividade, com ênfase nas disparidades raciais e na crise econômica do biênio 2015-2016. Para tanto, são utilizadas informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC) no período de 2012 até 2019 e o modelo logit multinomial. Os principais resultados indicam que os indivíduos não brancos possuem maiores chances de saída da ocupação e também do desemprego, contudo apenas para o mercado de trabalho informal, o que sugere que competem em condições mais desfavoráveis no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Características como gênero, idade, escolaridade e região geográfica também constituem importantes condicionantes das transições no mercado de trabalho. Ainda foi possível observar uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na forma com a qual os diferentes grupos raciais transitam no mercado de trabalho durante o período de crise econômica em favor da população branca.
AGLOMERAÇÃO E DIFERENCIAIS SALARIAIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Jefferson Doglas da Silva , Silva Adelson Santos da , Rocha Roberta de Moraes
Published: February 2024

O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar a contribuição das economias de aglomeração, mensurada pela densidade do emprego, sobre o diferencial salarial nas regiões brasileiras no período de 2010 a 2014. As estimações são baseadas no modelo proposto por Combes, Duranton e Gobillon (2008), a partir das equações salariais mincerianas, com uso dos dados provenientes da RAIS-MTE. Os resultados encontrados em todos os modelos indicaram que os trabalhadores mais escolarizados, os empregados em setores mais industrializados e nas maiores firmas, assim como os residentes das regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste recebem os maiores salários quando comparados às suas contrapartes. Por fim, para a variável de interesse - densidade do emprego – os resultados mostram que as economias de aglomeração influenciam positivamente os diferenciais salariais dos trabalhadores nas regiões brasileiras.
ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS DA INSPEÇÃO DO TRABALHO NA CONTRATAÇÃO DE APRENDIZES EM ALAGOAS
Authors: Carvalho Leandro , Santos Anderson
Published: February 2024

A aprendizagem é uma ferramenta de qualificação profissional, historicamente relacionada ao aumento da produtividade das empresas e políticas de desenvolvimento, bem como mecanismo de acesso ao mercado de trabalho, por um sistema de cotas destinado prioritariamente ao público vulnerável. A Auditoria-Fiscal do Trabalho verifica o cumprimento desse atributo e atua a partir de planejamento anual. O presente estudo analisa os impactos na contratação de aprendizes em Alagoas decorrente das ações da inspeção laboral, a partir de modelo econométrico de probabilidade linear com dados em painel e com efeitos fixos. São apresentados perfis de empresas e determinados setores econômicos mais sensíveis à atuação fiscalizatória, relacionando quantidade de aprendizes contratados por empresas, localização, setor econômico e porte.
MUDANÇA TECNOLÓGICA E POLARIZAÇÃO DO EMPREGO NO BRASIL
Authors: Rodrigues Rocha Gabriella , Verzola Vaz Daniela
Published: February 2024

Os avanços tecnológicos provocam mudanças nos padrões de emprego, emergindo, dessa forma, o fenômeno da polarização do emprego. Sendo assim, este estudo analisa a polarização do emprego no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. A metodologia adotada é o Índice de Intensidade de Tarefas Rotineiras (RTI) proposto por Autor e Dorn (2013) e aplicado ao setor da indústria de transformação para os anos de 2003, 2013 e 2018. Também foram analisadas as variáveis que influenciam a probabilidade de desempenhar tarefas rotineiras, manuais ou abstratas, usando um logit multinomial. Observou-se que a maioria dos grandes grupos ocupacionais apresentam valores negativos de RTI, indicando que os empregos se encontram polarizados. Porém, entre 2003 e 2018, a intensificação da polarização foi baixa. Os resultados do logit multinomial apontam que as chances de desempenhar tarefas abstratas aumentam quando o trabalhador tem ensino superior, acumula mais experiência profissional e trabalha em empresas de médio porte.
VULNERABILIDADE DE RENDIMENTOS DE GÊNERO, COR E ORIENTAÇÃO SEXUAL POR QUANTIS: QUAL DOR É MAIOR?
Authors: Gomes Mantovani Gabriela , Fortunato de Paiva Vanessa , Andronio Ramundo Staduto Jefferson
Published: February 2024

O artigo teve como objetivo mensurar e analisar as disparidades e discriminação de rendimentos entre grupos socialmente vulneráveis no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, por gênero, cor da pele e orientação sexual. Foram utilizados os microdados da PNAD-C para 2019, regressões quantílicas incondicionais (RIF regressions) e decomposição quantílica (RIF decomposition). Os resultados das regressões mostraram que homens e brancos recebem mais que mulheres e não brancos, sendo que os trabalhadores com baixos rendimentos e as mulheres foram os mais afetados. Pela decomposição de rendimentos quantílica constatou-se que: i) a discriminação foi responsável pela maioria da diferença de remuneração entre homens e mulheres; ii) o efeito explicado foi o fomentador das disparidades de renda entre brancos e não brancos e entre homossexuais e heterossexuais; e iii) tem-se a presença de discriminação por gênero e cor da pele, embora o mesmo não possa ser afirmado para a análise da orientação sexual.
Formation of basic model characteristics in aesthetic group gymnastics
Authors: Bystrickaya Ekaterina , Rostovceva Marina
Published: February 2024

This paper is devoted to the issues of formation and assessment using modern information technologies of the results of training and competitive activities in aesthetic group gymnastics based on real-time analysis in a three-axis coordinate system of critical parameters of basic model characteristics of technical elements of various levels of difficulty.
Georgian Palimpsests in Tbilisi
Authors: Outtier Bernard
Published: February 2024

კ. კეკელიძის სახელობის თბილისის ხელნაწერთა ეროვნული ცენტრი ქართული დამწერლობის ჩვენამდე მოღწეული ძირითადი საგანძურის მფლობელია. მათ შორის განსაკუთრებით მნიშვნელოვანია ცენტრში დაცული პალიმფსესტური ხელნაწერები, რომელთა რაოდენობა 10 000 ფურცელზე მეტს შეადგენს. სტატიაში წარმოდგენილია თბილისის ხელნაწერთა ეროვნული ცენტრის მიერ 2017 წელს გამოქვეყნებული ქართული პალიმფსესტების კატალოგი, რომელიც სრულად აღწერს ხელნაწერთა ეროვნულ ცენტრში დაცულ პალიმფსესტურ ხელნაწერებს. კატალოგის შინაარსის ზოგადი მიმოხილვის გარდა სტატიაში მოცემულია ახალი ინფორმაცია დღემდე დაუდგენელი ტექსტების იდენტიფიცირებასთან დაკავშირებით. პალიმფსესტური ხელნაწერების იდენტიფიცირება და ტექსტის დადგენა შესაძლებელი გახდა, ერთი მხრივ, TITUS-ის მონაცემთა ბაზის გამოყენებითა და მეორე მხრივ, Thesaurus Linguae Graecae-ის ბერძნული რესურსების ანალიზზე დაყრდნობით.
Application of Honey Therapy to Decrease Stool Frequency in Children with Diarrhea: A Case Study
Authors: Saragih Nehemia Mutiara , Kurniawati Kurniawati , Khusniyati Nia , Jannah Fathul
Published: February 2024

Diarrhea is characterized by the presence of watery bowel motions that occur three or more times within 24 hours. Inadequate management of diarrhea in children might lead to fatality. One method involves administering honey treatment to decrease the frequency of bowel movements. The objective was to elucidate the implementation of a way to reduce bowel movement frequency. The design involved a case study conducted on two toddlers suffering from diarrhea. The solution involved administering honey therapy three times daily for five days. Data analysis and presentation in case studies were conveyed through written text, which presented the facts in a narrative format. The use of honey therapy resulted in a reduction in the frequency of bowel movements in subjects 1 and 2. The post-intervention frequency of bowel movement in subject 1 was three times per day, with a mushy consistency. In subject 2, it was four times per day, again with a mushy consistency. Nurses at the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) can offer guidance on using honey therapy to parents whose children are suffering from diarrhea.
Characterization of caffeine response regulatory variants in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Boye Carly , Kalita Cynthia A , Findley Anthony S , Alazizi Adnan , Wei Julong , Wen Xiaoquan , Pique-Regi Roger , Luca Francesca
Published: February 2024

Genetic variants in gene regulatory sequences can modify gene expression and mediate the molecular response to environmental stimuli. In addition, genotype–environment interactions (GxE) contribute to complex traits such as cardiovascular disease. Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant and is known to produce a vascular response. To investigate GxE for caffeine, we treated vascular endothelial cells with caffeine and used a massively parallel reporter assay to measure allelic effects on gene regulation for over 43,000 genetic variants. We identified 665 variants with allelic effects on gene regulation and 6 variants that regulate the gene expression response to caffeine (GxE, false discovery rate [FDR] < 5%). When overlapping our GxE results with expression quantitative trait loci colocalized with coronary artery disease and hypertension, we dissected their regulatory mechanisms and showed a modulatory role for caffeine. Our results demonstrate that massively parallel reporter assay is a powerful approach to identify and molecularly characterize GxE in the specific context of caffeine consumption.
Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity
Authors: Sydow Patrick , Murren Courtney J.
Published: February 2024

Background

Plant hormones influence phenology, development, and function of above and belowground plant structures. In seedlings, auxin influences the initiation and development of lateral roots and root systems. How auxin-related genes influence root initiation at early life stages has been investigated from numerous perspectives. There is a gap in our understanding of how these genes influence root size through the life cycle and in mature plants. Across development, the influence of a particular gene on plant phenotypes is partly regulated by the addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA transcripts via alternative polyadenylation (APA). Auxin related genes have documented variation in APA, with auxin itself contributing to APA site switches. Studies of the influence of exogenous auxin on natural plant accessions and mutants of auxin pathway gene families exhibiting variation in APA are required for a more complete understanding of genotype by development by hormone interactions in whole plant and fitness traits.

Methods

We studied Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous mutant lines with inserts in auxin-related genes previously identified to exhibit variation in number of APA sites. Our growth chamber experiment included wildtype Col-0 controls, mutant lines, and natural accession phytometers. We applied exogenous auxin through the life cycle. We quantified belowground and aboveground phenotypes in 14 day old, 21 day old seedlings and plants at reproductive maturity. We contrasted root, rosette and flowering phenotypes across wildtype, auxin mutant, and natural accession lines, APA groups, hormone treatments, and life stages using general linear models.

Results

The root systems and rosettes of mutant lines in auxin related genes varied in response to auxin applications across life stages and varied between genotypes within life stages. In seedlings, exposure to auxin decreased size, but increased lateral root density, whereas at reproductive maturity, plants displayed greater aboveground mass and total root length. These differences may in part be due to a shift which delayed the reproductive stage when plants were treated with auxin. Root traits of auxin related mutants depended on the number of APA sites of mutant genes and the plant’s developmental stage. Mutants with inserts in genes with many APA sites exhibited lower early seedling belowground biomass than those with few APA sites but only when exposed to exogenous auxin. As we observed different responses to exogenous auxin across the life cycle, we advocate for further studies of belowground traits and hormones at reproductive maturity. Studying phenotypic variation of genotypes across life stages and hormone environments will uncover additional shared patterns across traits, assisting efforts to potentially reach breeding targets and enhance our understanding of variation of genotypes in natural systems.
Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable between Transformational Leadership Style and Work Environment on Organizational Commitment at Maternity Clinic in Purwokerto
Authors: Fitriana I. , Bagis F. , Darmawan A. , Kharismasyah A. Y.
Published: February 2024

Aims: This study examines the role of job satisfaction as a mediating variable between transformational leadership and work environment on organizational commitment.

Study Design: This study uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire data collection method.

Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted on employees of the Maternity Clinic A and Maternity Clinic B in Purwokerto, totaling 140 respondents from 212 employees, between December 2023 – January 2024.

Methodology: This study was conducted on employees of Maternity Clinic A and Maternity Clinic B in Purwokerto, as many as 140 respondents out of 212 employees, between December 2023 - January 2024.

Results: By using a significance level of 5%, the results of the analysis calculations prove that Transformational Leadership, Work Environment and Job Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on Organizational Commitment. Transformational Leadership and Work Environment have a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction Commitment. And the mediation results show that Job Satisfaction cannot mediate the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Work Environment on Organizational Commitment.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that leaders who implement good Transformational Leadership and Work Environment practices can increase Job Satisfaction, but cannot significantly increase Organizational Commitment.
Cutaneous Loxoscelism in a Paediatric Patient: A Case Presentation
Authors: Eduardo Amezola Herrera , Lucía Reyes Berlanga Mónica , Israel Venegas Mojica Cristian , Raúl Pérez Sandoval , Socorro Sánchez Villegas María del Carmen
Published: February 2024

Introduction: We present the case of a 5-year-old schoolboy with a cutaneous loxoscelism. Loxoscelism is defined as the clinical picture of poisoning after the bite of a spider of the genus Loxosceles. There are two well-defined medical variants: cutaneous and systemic loxoscelism, both of which are of great medical interest because of the clinical manifestations triggered by the potential cytotoxic poison of the loxosceles spider.

Objectives: The aim of this publication is to report a clinical case of cutaneous loxoscelism in a pediatric patient, accompanied by an extensive review of the subject to explain its characteristics. clinical aspects, appropriate management, expected evolution, as well as its prognosis.

Conclusions: Cutaneous loxoscelism should be suspected when there is evidence of a dermonecrotic lesion or, when photographic or in-person evidence of the spider is shown.
Effects of Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Zinc Sulphate on Fruiting Behavior and Quality of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Rose Scented
Authors: Rawat Anand Singh , Tripathi V. K.
Published: February 2024

The current study evaluated the effect of NAA and zinc sulphate to maintain fruiting behaviour and qualitative attributes of fruit in litchi cv. Rose scented. This experiment was done in 2022 and 2023 at the Horticulture Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.). There were sixteen treatments including four levels of zinc sulphate (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 %), NAA (0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm) and their combinations imitated in Factorial- CRD. The foliar application of treatments was done on January 28 and March 16 of each year, prior to flowering and fruit setting at pea stage, respectively.  This experiment showed that the treatment with NAA 50ppm and 0.4% zinc sulphate improved fruit set (63.40 and 62.73 %), fruit retention (30.76 and 31.36 %) and reduced fruit drop (69.23 and 68.63 %). The same treatment blend increased juice content of litchi fruit (63.63 and 64.22 %) and also improved nutritional qualities of fruit like total soluble solids (22.75 and 22.62 0Brix), total sugar (14.48 and 14.54 %), ascorbic acid (41.22 and 41.64 mg/ 100g of pulp), organoleptic test (85.36 and 86.82) and minimum titratable acidity (0.473 and 0.421 percent) in litchi fruits. The treatment combination of NAA 50ppm and 0.4% zinc sulphate was found to be the best in this experiment.
Facultative Bacterial Diversity Associated with Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Tomato Crop
Authors: Pujar Kishor , Jemla Naik D.  , Shivanna B.
Published: February 2024

The adults and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci were collected on tomato crop from different locations of Karnataka during 2021-2023. Bacterial colonies were isolated from adults and nymphs of B. tabaci using spread-plate technique and identified through 16srRNA sequencing. Nymphs showed high (55%) abundance of bacteria than adults (45%). 63.64% of the bacterial population in the nymphs belong to the phylum Bacillota followed by pseudomonadota (36.36%). In adults, Bacillota found dominant (100%). The class Bacilli was dominant in both nymphs and adults (63.64 and 100% respectively). In the nymphal stage, Bacillales was dominant order (54.55%). Similarly, in adults also Bacillales was found dominant (77.79%). Bacillaceae was abundant in nymphs (45.45%)and in adults same family accounted for 66.67%. The genus Bacillus was dominant in both nymphs (45.45%) and adults (55.55%). The species, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. safensis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were found common between adults and nymphs. The bacterial diversity varies with the different stages of the B. tabaci on same host.
Effects of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Students’ Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Turkana County, Kenya: Research Methodology Formulation
Authors: Okumu Thomas Opiyo
Published: February 2024

The problem of drug abuse in secondary schools has various adverse effects on student learning, performance and moral habits. Unless this menace of drug abuse is minimized, the schools would become unmanageable since indiscipline cases would become very overwhelming. Investigation of drug abuse and its effects on academic performance in secondary school students in Turkana County, Kenya is still extremely limited. This paper discusses in detail drug and substance abuse in Kenya focusing on its causes, forms and effects on secondary school students. Some previous research studies were cited and presented to support the aforementioned. Various strategies of addressing the associated problems were presented using results from previous studies as yardsticks. This paper succinctly discusses on the research methodology formulations for the future study of drug abuse and its effects on academic performance in secondary school students in Turkana County, Kenya. Questionnaire and other relevant tools shall be the instruments for investigation. The study will target County Director of Education, principals, non-teaching staff, teachers/teaching staff and students in public secondary schools in Turkana County. The thorough investigation is expected to be carried out between August - November 2024 using the formulated questionnaires and interview schedules as data collection tools. In conclusion, the research methodology formulation is expected to be applicable to handle the research objectives.
Interfacial polycondensation reactions of the new monomer 1,1′‐bis(β ‐aminoethyl)ferrocene
Authors: Gonsalves K E , Lenz R W , Rausch M D
Published: January 2005

Condensation polymerizations of several ferrocenecontaining monomers have been investigated, using low temperature interfacial and solution techniques. 1, 1′‐bis(β‐aminoethyl)ferrocene was synthesized via a 6‐step process starting with ferrocene. This monomer was then copolymerized with various aromatic and aliphatic diacid chlorides as well as with diisocyanates, leading to ferrocene‐containing polyamides and polyureas having moderately high to low viscosities. Using the interfacial method, film formation occurred for the polyamides. The related monomer 1,1′‐bis(β‐hydroxyethyl)ferrocene reacted with diacid chlorides and diisocyanates to form ferrocenecontaining polyesters and polyurethanes, respectively, using the solution method. The ferrocenecontaining condensation polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and examined for possible liquid crystalline behavior.
Recovery of all species from photolytic degradation of tributyltin compounds TBTX (X = Cl, OSn Bu3)
Authors: Duhamel K , Blanchard G , Dorange G , Martin G
Published: January 2005

Malformations in shellfish have been reported by many authors. They attributed the cause of the deformity to the presence in water of organotin compounds used in the formulation of antifouling paints, for example bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) and tributyltin chloride (TBTC). The behaviour of these compounds has been examined under abiotic laboratory conditions. The influence of many parameters such as sunlight, pH, oxygen, salinity have been examined. The degradation compounds obtained have been identified: (1) In the gas phase two major products, butene‐1 and buetene‐2, are observed with consumption of oxygen; (2) In the liquid phase, three main products are obtained, butanol‐1, butanol‐2 and butanone 2. The identified products represent a small part of the total concentration, suggesting a competing process such as formation of butyltin polymers; (3) In fresh water an amorphous solid phase is observed while in seawater a white cristalline precipitate appears.
Organotin compounds in agriculture since 1980. Part I. Fungicidal, bactericidal and herbicidal properties
Authors: Crowe Alan J
Published: January 2005

The object of this review paper is to provide a guide to agrochemical research involving organotin compounds which has been performed since 1980. The information is presented in tabular form and Part I is divided into main sections as indicated by the title. Each section is then subdivided to cover the various commercial organotin compounds. A final subsection lists investigations involving novel compounds. A table of the contents has been provided to enable ease of reference.
Preparation of trimethyl‐2‐hydroxyethylarsonium (arsenocholine) compounds
Authors: Irgolic Kurt J , Junk Thomas , Kos Carlo , McShane William S , Pappalardo Giuseppe C
Published: January 2005

Trimethyl‐2‐X‐ethylarsonium salts (X=OH, Cl, Br, CH3COO; anion=Br) and trimethyl‐2‐diethoxyethylarsonium bromide were prepared from trimethylarsine and the appropriate organic bromides in sealed tubes at elevated temperatures or by refluxing the neat reagents. The yields ranged from 33 to 85%. Anion exchange reactions produced the arsonium iodides, nitrates, acetates, tosylates, tetraphenylborates, picrates, hydroxides, and carbonates. Arsenocholine bromide (X=OH) was phosphorylated with concentrated phosphoric acid. The product was isolated as the barium salt. Treatment of the barium salt with sulfuric acid yielded trimethyl‐2‐(dihydrogen phosphato)ethylarsonium bromide. These substances were synthesized to serve as precursors for arsenic‐ containing phospholipids and as standards for the chromatographic identification of arsenocholines. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The shifts of the arsenic compounds were compared with those of the corresponding nitrogen compounds and found to be sufficiently different to be used for the identification of these compounds in their mixtures.
The synthesis and reactivity of polysilylacetylenes: Diels—Alder reactions to give bis (silyl) benzenes
Authors: Jones Paul Ronald , Albanesi Todd E , Gillespie Ralph D , Jones Priscilla C , Ng Seik Weng
Published: January 2005

Six bis(silyl)acetylenes (XMe2SiCCSiMe2X) with the following varied silicon substituents X were prepared: 1 (Me, Me); 2 (H, H); 3 (C1, H); 4 (CI, CI); 5 (MeO, H); 6 (MeO, MeO). While 1 and 2 may be prepared by the reaction of dilithio‐ or bis(bromomagnesium)‐acetylide with the appropriate chlorosilane, similar reactions designed to give 3–6 yielded oligomers, XMe2Si(CCSiMe2)nX, 7, X=CI, MeO, as the major products, indicating that the acetylenic functionality on silicon activates the chlorosilane towards nucleophilic substitution. Compounds 3 and 4 were prepared by free radical chlorination of 2. Methanolysis of 3 and 4 gave quantitative yields of 5 and 6 respectively.

Compounds 1–6 undergo a Diels–Alder reaction with α‐pyrone to produce, after loss of carbon dioxide, bis(silyl)‐substituted benzene derivatives. The order of reactivity has been determined to be: 4=6>3=5>1>2, indicating that chloro or alkoxy substituents favor the cycloaddition with 2‐ pyrone. The adducts formed by compounds 3–6 undergo an unusually facile hydrolysis or elimination to give 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐disila‐2‐oxaindane.
Palladium(II)‐catalysed H/D allylic exchange in alkenes: An intermediacy of palladium(IV)?
Authors: Ryabov Alexander D , Eliseev Alexey V , Yatsimirsky Anatoly K
Published: January 2005

Evidence is presented that the dimeric π‐allylic species [(η3‐allyl)PdCl]2is not intermediate in the Li2Pd2Cl6‐catalysed allylic H/D exchange in alkenes. Neither H/D exchange in α‐methylstyrene, nor enrichment of [(η3‐2‐PhC3H4)PdCl]2, was observed when the latter complex was incubated at 100°C in D3CCOOD either in the presence or in the absence of PhC(CH3)CH2, respectively. The kinetics of H/D exchange in α‐methylstyrene catalysed by Li2Pd2Cl6were studied in some detail. The exchange proceeds at highest rates when reduction of palladium(II) takes place and is much slower in the presence of 1,4‐benzoquinone as a palladium reoxidant. The exchange rate is directly proportional to the alkene and catalyst concentrations and independent of the reoxidant concentration. It is suggested that the palladium(II)‐catalysed exchange involves an intermediate hydrid‐allyl species where palladium has a formal oxidation state of IV.
Environmental bioremediation for organometallic compounds: Microbial growth and arsenic volatillization from soil and retorted shale
Authors: Sanford R A , Klein D A
Published: January 2005

Nutrient effects on microbial growth and arsenic volatilization from retorted oil shale and soil were evaluated in a laboratory study. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), methanearsonic acid (MAA) and sodium arsenate amendments were used with added nutrients, or with retort process water added to simulate possible co‐disposal conditions. In experiments with soil and retorted shale, dimethylarsinic acid showing the highest cumulative arsenic releases, in comparison with added inorganic sodium arsenate (SA). Low but detectable amounts of innate arsenic present in retorted shale could be volatilized with added organic matter. In soil, arsenic volatilization showed a direct relationship to nutrient levels and microbial growth. With shale, in comparison, a threshold response to available nutrients was evident. Distinct increases in fungal community development occurred with nutrients available at a level of 2.5% w/v, which also allowed incresed arsenic volatization. Codisposal of retort process waters with shale allowed arsenic volatilization without the addition of other nutrients. The presence of retort process water limited arsenic volatilization from the added organometallic compounds DMAA and MAA, but not from SA or innate arsenic. These differences should be useful in the definition of permissive and non‐permissive environmental conditions for arsenic volatilization in bioremediation programs.
Ionic alkylleads in avian tissues from aquatic and terrestrial environments
Authors: Forsyth D S , Marshall W D , Collette M C
Published: January 2005

Ionic alkyllead concentrations in soft tissues of pigeons from urban Montreal and environs were appreciably different from the variety and concentrations of alkyllead analytes which characterized mallard ducks culled from a sanctuary in eastern Ontario. The major toxicant in pigeons, triethyllead (Et3Pb+) reflected the exclusive use of tetraethyllead as a gasoline additive in both regions. Urban colonies of pigeons were characterized by significantly greater concentrations of Et3Pb+ than were specimens from a suburban/rural colony. In contrast, the major toxicant in ducks was trimethyllead although six other alkyllead analytes were also observed. An environmentally mediated methylation of Pb2+ which is more active in (but not restricted to) aquatic environments is postulated to account for the ubiquity of trimethyllead in ducks.
Polyureidoborazines
Authors: Gonsalves Kenneth E , Agarwal Radha
Published: January 2005

Polyureidoborazines were synthesized by the reaction of tri‐isocyanato‐trimethylborazine with linear aliphatic diamines. The insoluble oligomers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the effect of the number of methylene units on thermal transitions determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The oligomers were pyrolyzed in argon and ammonia‐nitrogen atmospheres and the residues analyzed for boron, nitrogen atmospheres and the residues analyzed for boron, nitrogen and carbon.
The origin of arsenobetaine in marine animals
Authors: Edmonds J S , Francesconi K A
Published: January 2005

Trimethyl(carboxymethyl)arsonium zwitterion (arsenobetaine) is virtually ubiquitous in marine animals consumed by man. Experimental work on the transformation of arsenate to arsenobetaine in the marine environment is reviewed. Current evidence favors the conversion of arsenate to dimethyl(ribosyl)arsine oxides by algae, and the microbially mediated transformation of dimethyl(ribosyl)arsine oxides to arsenobetaine or to its immediate precursors in the sediments. Information about the transfer of arsenobetaine from the sediments to marine animals is lacking.
Interaction of arsenic and selenium on the metabolism of these elements in hamsters
Authors: Ishizaki Mutsuo , Ueno Seiichi , Okazaki Tadashi , Suzuki Tomoko , Oyamada Noritaka
Published: January 2005

The interaction of arsenic and selenium compounds on the metabolism of these elements in golden hamsters was studied. Golden hamsters were divided into three groups and administered sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and Na2SeO3 with NaAsO2, respectively, by a single Subcutaneous injection of 25 m̈mol kg−1 body weight as As or Se (arsenic and selenium were calculated as weight of elemental arsenic and selenium). Selenium and arsenic metabolites were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HPLC–GFA AA) and gas chromatography (GC). The results show (1): About 10% by weight of the given dose of selenium was excreted in expiration air as dimethylselenide (Me2Se) during 12 h after administration of Na2SeO3. Excretion of dimethylselenide with the respiratory air was inhibited by administration of Na2SeO3 simultaneously with NaAsO2. (2) Giving Na2SeO3 plus NaAsO2 had no appreciable effect on the excretion of the trimethylselenonium ion (Me3Se+) into the urine and the feces. (3) Giving Na2SeO3 plus NaAsO2 increaed the excretion into the feces of an insoluble unknown‐structure selenium compound, the proportion of which was 10.9% by weight of the given dose of selenium. (4) Giving NaAsO2 plus Na2SeO3 decreased the excretion of dimethylarsinic acid (Me2AsOOH) and inorganic arsenic into the urine during 120 h after the administration of the reagents, the decreased amount being 5.3% (dimethylarsinic acid) and 7.7% (inorganic arsenic) of the given dose of arsenic, respectively. (5) Giving NaAsO2 plus Na2SeO3 increased the excretion into feces of insoluble unknown‐structure arsenic compound and inorganic arsenic, the increased amounts being 10.6% and 7.0% of the given dose of arsenic, respectively. (6) Giving NaAsO2 plus Na2SeO3 decreased the excretion into feces of extractable unknown‐structure arsenic compound, and the decreased amount was 4.9% of the given dose of arsenic. (7) It made little difference to the excretion of monomethylarsonic acid [MeAsO(OH)2] into urine and feces and of dimethylarsinic acid (Me2AsOOH) into feces whether NaAsO2 was administered alone or with Na2SeO3.
The acute toxicity of tri‐n‐butyltin glycocholate
Authors: Sherman Larry R , Koch Joyce R , Thoman Charles J , Zimmerman Michael R
Published: January 2005

The oral acute toxicity for tri‐n‐butyltin glycocholate (TBT‐GA), a newly synthesized organotin steroid, was determined using Long Evans rats. The compound was suspended in corn oil and adminstered by gavage using standard techniques. Unlike tri‐n‐butyltin taurocholate, which exhibited two different toxicities, one for the tri‐n‐butyltin moiety and one for the taurocholic acid moiety, the TBT‐GA exhibited a single toxicity, that of the whole molecule. The LD50 value was 213 mg kg−1 (0.274 mmol kg), which on a millimolar basis is similar to that observed for other tri‐n‐butyltin compounds. The dead rats exhibited distended stomachs, enlarged ceca, and lesions in the intestinal tract.

The actual cause of death could not be positively identified. Animals that survived more than three days also exhibited time‐ and dose‐related atrophy of the thymus gland. With 36% more male than female rats succumbing to TBT‐GA, the chemical appears to be more toxic towards male than female rats.
Perfluorinated membranes as catalyst supports
Authors: Hodges A M , Linton M , Mau A W‐H , Cavell K J , Hey J A , Seen A J
Published: January 2005

The perfluorinated polymer Nafion and porous PTFE/Nafion composite membranes have been employed as supports for nickel complexes or for platinum and palladium metal particles. The resultant materials have been employed as catalysts in various olefin conversion processes. Supported platinum and palladium metal systems were evaluated as catalysts for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. Rates of reaction are better than those of commercially available catalysts; turnover numbers in excess of 6000 have been obtained with no poisoning apparent. Catalysts may be regenerated many times. The reduction rate approaches a limit at high pressures of hydrogen and has an activation energy of 13 kJ mol−1 in neat cyclohexene. Nafion was employed as a strong acid cocatalyst to activate and then support a nickel complex catalyst. The resultant catalyst was active for double‐bond‐shift isomerization.